text:
Total Carbonates Detection in Soil
In use from 2008-07-14
Free carbonates are compounds that coat soil particles. They form under certain conditions such as in dry climates where the pH is above 7. They are also found in some soil profiles that have parent materials made of carbonates (such as limestone).
Carbonate can be detected by measuring the CO2 generated by dissolving the carbonates. By dissolving carbonates in a fixed volume, the pressure increase in samples relative to the blanks will indicate the CO2 generated by carbonate dissolution. The Ideal Gas Law can be used to calculate the moles of CO2 in the headspace, from which the approximate quantity of carbonate can be estimated, and results can be expressed as % of total dry weight using the amount of soil that was added. Shortand long-term increases in pressure can be assumed to reflect calcite and dolomite, respectively.
- Absolute Pressure Gauge (MKS Baratron Type 122A)
- Needle adapter
- Stopwatch or clock
- Data book
- Safety glasses
- 12-mL Labco Exetainers with screw caps and septa
- 10-mL Glass syringe with 24G or 22G needle (for acid addition)
- 5 M hydrochloric acid
Soil samples ideally would be dried and finely ground (< 0.5-mm diameter) to facilitate reaction with acid.
- Weigh approximately 1.0 g (+/- 0.2 g) of dry soil into the vial, recording the exact weight. Seal the vial with the cap and septum.
- Inject 2 mL of the 5-M HCl into the vial and mix it with the soil, holding it in the hood and pointing the top away from you just in case the septum blows out. Wear safety glasses from this step onward. Also inject acid into a couple of vials containing 1.0 g of carbonate-free soil to serve as blanks.
- After 10 minutes, mix the solution again and record the pressure using the transducer. The 10-min period is necessary for full dissolution of calcite.
- Remove the vial from the transducer and briefly open the vial to vent excess pressure wearing safety glasses, and then seal the cap again.
- Measure pressure in the system again after 2-4 hours. Record time and pressure to check for additional dissolution of carbonate. Any pressure increase between 10 min and 2 hours is most likely due to dolomite dissolution.
Evangelou et al. (1984), An automated manometric method for quantitative determination of calcite and dolomite. SSAJ 48: _PHONE_.
Loeppert, R.H. and D.L. Suarez. (1996) Carbonate and gypsum. Pp. 437-475 in: Sparks, D.L. [ed.], Methods of soil analysis, Pt. 3 – Chemical methods. SSSA Book Series No. 5.


text:
The St. Joan of Arc Chapel on the Marquette Campus is the city's oldest building, predating European settlement of Milwaukee by more than three centuries. So how did it get here, and why it is a must see for those on a mystical tour of Milwaukee?
The storied chapel was likely built around 1420 in Chasse-sur-Rhône, France, to honor St. Martin de Seyssuel. Then known as Chapelle de St. Martin, the small gothic-style building hosted generations of the faithful. The church was the final resting place of the Chevalier de Sautereau, a French knight who died in battle in the 15th century, and many believe the Maid of Orléans herself, St. Joan of Arc, prayed inside the church in 1429 before she went into battle. Despite its historical significance, by the time of the French Revolution in the late 18th century, the church had fallen into disrepair and was largely abandoned by local parishioners.
The church's modern history begins in 1926 when New York railroad scion Gertrude Hill Gavin purchased the medieval chapel and sent American architect John Russell Pope to France to supervise its deconstruction. Stone by stone, the storied church was dismantled and shipped to Gavin's estate at Oyster Bay, Long Island. There, it was reconstructed next to a French Renaissance chateau that she had purchased during a previous French shopping spree.
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The pious Gavin (_PHONE_) was the daughter of Minnesota railroad magnate James J. Hill. The Gilded Age socialite, who attended finishing school in New York, married attorney Michael Gavin in 1906. A devout Catholic, Gavin was the first president of the National Council of Catholic Women, founded in 1920. Pope Pius XI honored her for her work in the organization in 1924. A devotee of St. Joan, she renamed that relocated church in her honor.
Gavin then solidified her church's mystical reputation when she installed a stone relic attributed to St. Joan into her church. The relic, purchased in France, is believed to be a stone that Joan kneeled on in prayer, and then kissed, before going into battle. The stone is now part of the wall behind the altar and is said to be noticeably cooler than all of the stones around it. This phenomenon was noted after the relic was installed, and continues to be felt to this day.
After Gavin's death, her estate was sold to tractor magnate Marc J. Rojtman in 1962. Five days before the family was to move into the Oyster Bay chateau, it burned down in a fire that raged for days. Miraculously, the nearby church was untouched by the inferno. Soon after the fire, Rojtman donated the church to Marquette University. In 1964. Using Pope's plans created decades, the church was once again dismantled stone by stone and shipped to Milwaukee to be reconstructed.
Today, the St. Joan of Arc Chapel is a frequently visited location on the Marquette campus, tucked behind Memorial Library on Wisconsin Avenue. The faithful come to worship, and history lovers come to marvel at a structure built long before Europeans arrived in Milwaukee, but there are many others who make the pilgrimage to be closer to the church's namesake and experience the mysteries of her stone.
Who Was Joan of Arc?
Ste. Jeanne d'Arc, as she is known in her native France was canonized as a Catholic saint in 1920. Joan was like any other pious farm girl in rural France until she started receiving divine messages when she turned 13 years old. Joan's first message told her to follow God and he would help her. By the time she was 18, she reported receiving daily message from God, often urging her to lead the French army and aid Charles VII to seize the crown. Joan met with Charles VII and revealed the divine messages she was receiving. Convinced that she was being led by God, Charles VII sent the teenaged Joan, clad in white armor, to lead the French troops into battle.
With Joan's help, France was victorious over the English in the Hundred Years' War, and Charles VII ascended to the throne. Soon after, Joan fell into enemy hands, yet Charles VII did nothing to aid the girl, who was jailed, branded a heretic and ultimately burned at the stake on May 30, 1431, at age 19. Her enemies hoped that the execution of Joan would discredit her stories, but her martyrdom only made her more popular. Today, she is one of France's most celebrated patron saints.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Energy Band Diagram of NiO: Lu2 O3/n-Si heterojunction
Keywords:Thin film of NiO, Rare Earth, PLD, Energy Band diagram
Crystalline NiO and doped with rare earth lutetium oxide (Lu2O3) at (6%wt)., have been prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), The Q-switched Nd:YAG laser beam was incident at an angle of 45° on the target surface, and the energy of the laser was 500 mJ, wavelengths of 532nm, and frequency 6Hz. XRD pattern shows all doped and undoped films are polycrystalline, and cubic structure. The 200nm thin NiO showed an average optical energy band gap of 3.4eV, and increase with doping at 6% Lu2O3. The Hall Effect measurements confirmed that holes were predominant charges in the conduction process (i.e p-type). D.C conductivity measurements with temp-erature (T), show that the films prepared have the two activation energy increase with doping of Lu2O3. Capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements were performed for films prepared, where the built in voltage has been determined and decreases in value when doping with the rare earth. In this study we assumed an energy band diagram for p-NiO /n-Si heterojunction.


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Hiroaki Hobara, Yoshiyuki Kobayashi, Emika Kato, and Toru Ogata
Although many athletic activities and plyometric training methods involve both unilateral and bilateral movement, little is known about differences in the leg stiffness (K leg) experienced during one-legged hopping (OLH) and two-legged hopping (TLH) in place. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hopping frequencies on differences in K leg during OLH and TLH. Using a spring-mass model and data collected from 17 participants during OLH and TLH at frequencies of 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 Hz, K leg was calculated as the ratio of maximal ground reaction force (F peak) to the maximum center of mass displacement (ΔCOM) at the middle of the stance phase measured from vertical ground reaction force. Both K leg and F peak were found to be significantly greater during TLH than OLH at all frequencies, but type of hopping was not found to have a significant effect on ΔCOM. These results suggest that K leg is different between OLH and TLH at a given hopping frequency and differences in K leg during OLH and TLH are mainly associated with differences in F peak but not ΔCOM.
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Hiroaki Hobara, Koh Inoue, and Kazuyuki Kanosue
Understanding the degree of leg stiffness during human movement would provide important information that may be used for injury prevention. In the current study, we investigated bilateral differences in leg stiffness during one-legged hopping. Ten male participants performed one-legged hopping in place, matching metronome beats at 1.5, 2.2, and 3.0 Hz. Based on a spring-mass model, we calculated leg stiffness, which is defined as the ratio of maximal ground reaction force to maximum center of mass displacement at the middle of the stance phase, measured from vertical ground reaction force. In all hopping frequency settings, there was no significant difference in leg stiffness between legs. Although not statistically significant, asymmetry was the greatest at 1.5 Hz, followed by 2.2 and 3.0 Hz for all dependent variables. Furthermore, the number of subjects with an asymmetry greater than the 10% criterion was larger at 1.5 Hz than those at 2.2 and 3.0 Hz. These results will assist in the formulation of treatment-specific training regimes and rehabilitation programs for lower extremity injuries.
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Sean J. Maloney, Joanna Richards, and Iain M. Fletcher
determine if a task can be deemed an appropriate representation of a simple spring-mass model. While various active (typically muscular) and passive (typically tendinous) components contribute to summative stiffness, 2 this investigation will focus on the global measure of vertical stiffness. Modeling
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Justin P. Waxman, Kevin R. Ford, Anh-Dung Nguyen, and Jeffrey B. Taylor
, et al . Leg stiffness and sprint ability in amputee sprinters . Prosthet Orthot Int . 2012 ; 36 ( 3 ): 312 – 317 . PubMed doi:10.1177/0309364612442121 10.1177/0309364612442121 22918908 8. Dalleau G , Belli A , Bourdin M , Lacour JR . The spring-mass model and the energy cost of
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Simon A. Rogers, Chris S. Whatman, Simon N. Pearson, and Andrew E. Kilding
speeds during competition. Various approaches to quantify stiffness have been reported in the literature, including both global 12 – 14 and component stiffness. 6 , 15 Derived from the spring-mass model originally presented by Alexander, 16 global stiffness measures comprise of vertical ( k vert
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Sean J. Maloney, Iain M. Fletcher, and Joanna Richards
The assessment of vertical leg stiffness is an important consideration given its relationship to performance. Vertical stiffness is most commonly assessed during a bilateral hopping task. The current study sought to determine the intersession reliability, quantified by the coefficient of variation, of vertical stiffness during bilateral hopping when assessed for the left and right limbs independently, which had not been previously investigated. On 4 separate occasions, 10 healthy males performed 30 unshod bilateral hops on a dual force plate system with data recorded independently for the left and right limbs. Vertical stiffness was calculated as the ratio of peak ground reaction force to the peak negative displacement of the center of mass during each hop and was averaged over the sixth through tenth hops. For vertical stiffness, average coefficients of variation of 15.3% and 14.3% were observed for the left and right limbs, respectively. An average coefficient of variation of 14.7% was observed for bilateral vertical stiffness. The current study reports that calculations of unilateral vertical stiffness demonstrate reliability comparable to bilateral calculations. Determining unilateral vertical stiffness values and relative discrepancies may allow a coach to build a more complete stiffness profile of an individual athlete and better inform the training process.
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Hiroaki Hobara, Koh Inoue, Yoshiyuki Kobayashi, and Toru Ogata
Despite the presence of several different calculations of leg stiffness during hopping, little is known about how the methodologies produce differences in the leg stiffness. The purpose of this study was to directly compare K leg during hopping as calculated from three previously published computation methods. Ten male subjects hopped in place on two legs, at four frequencies (2.2, 2.6, 3.0, and 3.4 Hz). In this article, leg stiffness was calculated from the natural frequency of oscillation (method A), the ratio of maximal ground reaction force (GRF) to peak center of mass displacement at the middle of the stance phase (method B), and an approximation based on sine-wave GRF modeling (method C). We found that leg stiffness in all methods increased with an increase in hopping frequency, but K leg values using methods A and B were significantly higher than when using method C at all hopping frequencies. Therefore, care should be taken when comparing leg stiffness obtained by method C with those calculated by other methods.
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Michael S. Cherry, Sridhar Kota, Aaron Young, and Daniel P. Ferris
Although there have been many lower limb robotic exoskeletons that have been tested for human walking, few devices have been tested for assisting running. It is possible that a pseudo-passive elastic exoskeleton could benefit human running without the addition of electrical motors due to the spring-like behavior of the human leg. We developed an elastic lower limb exoskeleton that added stiffness in parallel with the entire lower limb. Six healthy, young subjects ran on a treadmill at 2.3 m/s with and without the exoskeleton. Although the exoskeleton was designed to provide ~50% of normal leg stiffness during running, it only provided 24% of leg stiffness during testing. The difference in added leg stiffness was primarily due to soft tissue compression and harness compliance decreasing exoskeleton displacement during stance. As a result, the exoskeleton only supported about 7% of the peak vertical ground reaction force. There was a significant increase in metabolic cost when running with the exoskeleton compared with running without the exoskeleton (ANOVA, P < .01). We conclude that 2 major roadblocks to designing successful lower limb robotic exoskeletons for human running are human-machine interface compliance and the extra lower limb inertia from the exoskeleton.
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Gaspare Pavei, Elena Seminati, Jorge L.L. Storniolo, and Leonardo A. Peyré-Tartaruga
We compared running mechanics parameters determined from ground reaction force (GRF) measurements with estimated forces obtained from double differentiation of kinematic (K) data from motion analysis in a broad spectrum of running speeds (1.94–5.56 m⋅s–1). Data were collected through a force-instrumented treadmill and compared at different sampling frequencies (900 and 300 Hz for GRF, 300 and 100 Hz for K). Vertical force peak, shape, and impulse were similar between K methods and GRF. Contact time, flight time, and vertical stiffness (kvert) obtained from K showed the same trend as GRF with differences < 5%, whereas leg stiffness (kleg) was not correctly computed by kinematics. The results revealed that the main vertical GRF parameters can be computed by the double differentiation of the body center of mass properly calculated by motion analysis. The present model provides an alternative accessible method for determining temporal and kinetic parameters of running without an instrumented treadmill.
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Kurt L. Mudie, Amitabh Gupta, Simon Green, Hiroaki Hobara, and Peter J. Clothier
This study assessed the agreement between Kvert calculated from 4 different methods of estimating vertical displacement of the center of mass (COM) during single-leg hopping. Healthy participants (N = 38) completed a 10-s single-leg hopping effort on a force plate, with 3D motion of the lower limb, pelvis, and trunk captured. Derived variables were calculated for a total of 753 hop cycles using 4 methods, including: double integration of the vertical ground reaction force, law of falling bodies, a marker cluster on the sacrum


text:
The Masonic Temple No. 25, the meeting location of Hillsborough Lodge No. 25, Free and Accepted Masons is an historic Masonic building located at 508 East Kennedy Boulevard in Tampa, Florida, United States. Erected in 1927, the Lodge building was designed by Brother Leo Elliott whose design for it was inspired by three medieval Italian cathedrals.
The cornerstone of the Hillsborough 25's fourth, and current Lodge building, was laid on June 18, 1928, by the Most Worshipful Grand Master of Florida, Cary B. Fish. The Lodge was constructed at its current location in Downtown Tampa, on the corner of East Kennedy Boulevard and Morgan Street. The first Masonic Lodge meeting in the new Temple was called on February 19, 1929. On September 11, 1986, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.
The building includes a large dining room, kitchen, officer offices, library, conference room, lounge area, and lodge room. The Lodge room is adorned with a 40ft high, hand painted ceiling, and accommodates up to 450 Brothers and visitors. The Lodge rents out the three street-side rental units on the first floor to businesses.
A Masonic Temple is the conceptual ritualistic space formed when a Masonic Lodge meets, and the physical rooms and structures in which it meets. It is also used in allegorical terms to describe a philosophical goal (where Masons strive to build a personal Masonic temple of ethics).
Masonic Temple may also refer to specific buildings:
The building has stained glass windows in its third story, and is regarded as unique architecturally in its community. At the time of NRHP listing, it was regarded as a prime candidate for restoration.
Freemasonry in Adair County, Missouri dates back prior to the American Civil War, with the first lodge, Kirksville Lodge No. 128, chartered in May, 1850. Following the war a large number of various Masonic lodges and affiliated organizations flourished within the county and at its height the combined membership county-wide totaled over three thousand members. There proved a need and great desire for one central meeting point large enough for all activities instead of the scattered rental facilities then in use, so in 1919 the Masonic Temple Association was formed, a building site chosen, and fundraising efforts begun. Two wealthy local Osteopathic physicians, Doctors George M. Laughlin and Harry M. Still, both Masons, provided the bulk of the financing for the project, with the issuing of bonds covering the rest.


nodetool sethintedhandoffthrottlekb
Sets hinted handoff throttle in kb/sec per delivery thread.
Sets hinted handoff throttle in kb/sec per delivery thread.
nodetool sethintedhandoffthrottlekb
Cassandra tarball installations:
Table 1. Options
Short Long Description
-h --host Hostname or IP address.
-p --port Port number.
-pwf --password-file Password file path.
-pw --password Password.
-u --username Remote JMX agent username.
value_in_kb/sec Throttle time in kilobytes per second.
When a node detects that a node for which it is holding hints has recovered, it begins sending the hints to that node. This setting specifies the maximum sleep interval per delivery thread in kilobytes per second after delivering each hint. The interval shrinks proportionally to the number of nodes in the cluster. For example, if there are two nodes in the cluster, each delivery thread uses the maximum interval; if there are three nodes, each node throttles to half of the maximum interval, because the two nodes are expected to deliver hints simultaneously.
nodetool sethintedhandoffthrottlekb 2048


How Much Water Does a Dishwasher Use: All You Need to Know
When deciding on what kind of dishwasher to buy or whether you should get one at all, you might have some questions. You might wonder: How much water does a dishwasher use? How energy efficient is a dishwasher?
Or which is better for the environment: washing dishes by hand or using the dishwasher?
Sometimes these questions and others like them can seem overwhelming. Luckily, this question has a pretty straightforward answer, relative to many other questions about climate change and conservation.
A Short History of Dishwashers
Humans have been washing dishes since there were dishes to wash. In fact, prior to the 1800s, washing dishes was one of the least labor-intensive chores to be done. Most people valued the ease of leaning against a sink and washing up after a long day harvesting or planting.
The dishwasher wasn't invented for ease or convenience. It was invented by Josephine Cochrane, the granddaughter of John Finch, who invented the steam engine because her servants kept breaking her china. She later started the company that grew into KitchenAid.
Obviously, the dishwashers we have today are much more sophisticated. As technology has advanced, we've seen dishwashers increase their efficiency, add helpful features, and use less water.
How Much Water Does a Dishwasher Use?
SD-6502SS: Energy Star 24″ Built-In Stainless Steel Tall Tub...
 - 24" Built-in, top-mount
 - 6 wash Programs: Heavy, Normal, Delicate, Quick, Rinse only, Energy Saver
 - Top Cutlery Rack: Flat placement of fine utensils that might fall through the normal silverware basket
So how much water does a dishwasher use?
Well, it depends on the dishwasher you have. If you're lucky enough to own your home, you can choose the brand and model of dishwasher you buy.
For those living in an apartment, you have no say in what dishwasher you're provided. However, we can estimate the usage and definitely decrease our water bills using some easy tips.
Dishwasher vs. handwashing
It might surprise most people to hear this, but using a dishwasher is actually significantly more water-efficient than washing dishes by hand.
The water in the faucet flows at an average rate of two gallons per minute. This means that the average hand-washing household uses 13 gallons of water to wash the same number of dishes that fit into a dishwasher.
Average dishwasher
If you live in an apartment, you probably have an older model of dishwasher, or a cheaper model. This means that you're probably using roughly 10 gallons of water with each cycle.
However, you're still beating out handwashing. Because the average faucet flows at a rate of two gallons per minute, handwashing for only five minutes uses the same amount of water as running the entire dishwasher.
Want to decrease your water usage? Stop rinsing the dishes before you put them in the machine. Instead, scrape food off with a spatula and let your dishwasher do the work.
Energy Star dishwashers
hOmeLabs Compact Countertop Dishwasher - Energy Star Portable Mini...
 - A convenient and small Energy Star certified dish washing machine for cleaning the dishes after dinner or cooking....
 - With simple to use control panel and light indicators. Program selector has 6 wash cycle options: heavy, normal,...
 - Features a quick connect assembly with accessories including inlet and drain hose and a faucet adapter for water...
Newer dishwashers are much more efficient and use significantly less water than their older counterparts. In fact, a new Energy Star certified dishwasher will save, on average, 3,870 gallons of water over its lifetime.
Energy Star is a government-backed certification that allows consumers to easily find environmentally-friendly appliances. These appliances have to meet certain standards in order to qualify.
New Energy Star dishwashers use only about five to six gallons of water per wash and include newer features like soil detection and improved water jets to help you cut down on your water usage even more.
And conveniently, Energy Star appliances come in a variety of sizes. Built-in dishwashers can usually run more than eight place settings as well as six serving pieces -- all in only six gallons.
Even apartment dwellers who don't have a built-in dishwasher can take advantage of compact dishwashers available.
Outside influences on water usage
Of course, there are other variables that can affect the answer to the question, "How much water does a dishwasher use?"
For one thing, most dishwashers come with multiple settings such as "pots and pans" or "heavy soil." These increase the amount of water used. It's best to avoid using these when possible.
In addition, many households have turned down their water heater temperature. This helps save on heating costs and ensures a safer temperature for the family.
However, it also can limit the ability of the dishwasher to clean properly, which can result in having to run the same load twice. Consider buying a dishwasher with a heat booster so it can reach the recommended 150 degrees for proper cleaning.
Hard water can also affect water usage. The mineral deposits that are left when the water evaporates can build up on your machine and make it perform poorly. You can combat this by getting a dishwasher with a built-in water softener or using vinegar or rinse aid in the rinse aid compartment.
Now You Know Everything!
So now to answer the final question: How much water does a dishwasher use? The answer is that it's up to you. Buying an Energy Star appliance, making sure hard water isn't damaging your machine, and using the proper setting can have huge effects on the dishwasher's water usage.
Making wise choices in your dishwasher purchase and usage can drastically lower your water usage.
Was this guide helpful? We'd love to hear your comments!
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text: Tomato Fruit quality can be improved by the use of moderately saline irrigation water. However, decreased fruit yields may occur if the saline treatment is initiated early in plant development or the salt concentration is high. Another concern with the use of saline irrigation water is increased plant susceptibility to disease. Two processing tomato cultivars were grown under low salt (ECa=1.1 ds/m), medium salt (ECa=2.8 ds/m) and high salt (ECa=4.6 ds/m) regimes, and in the presence and absence of Phytophthora parasitica, the casual agent of Phytophthora root rot. Salinity increased Phytophthora root rot severity in UC82B, the susceptible cultivar, but had a limited effect on CX8303, a cultivar known to have a measure of resistance to Phytophthora root rot. Fruit acidity and percent total soluble solids were enhanced in both cultivars by increasing salinity. Infection by P. parasitica increased acidity and soluble solids in UC82B fruit grown under high salt. Sodium and chloride concentrations in tomato fruit increased in a manner proportionate to the salt treatment applied; however, in the absence of disease, fruit Na+ and Cllevels were markedly lower compared to other tissues in the plant, The presence of salt-enhanced Phytophthora root rot in UC82B increased fruit Na+ concentration by almost 100%. Fruit Ca2+ and K+ levels, in contrast, declined moderately with increasing salinity and were not affected by disease.


National indifference
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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National indifference is the status of lacking a strong and consistent national identity. The concept was originated by scholars of the Bohemian lands, where many inhabitants historically resisted classification as either Czechs or Germans, around 2000.[1] It was outlined by Tara Zahra in her 2010 paper published in Slavic Review, "Imagined Noncommunities: National Indifference as a Category of Analysis".[2][3][4][5][6][7][8] In 2016, an academic conference was held in Prague to discuss the concept.[1]
Zahra's concept[edit]
Zahra notes that even as most scholars accept that nationalities are imagined communities, they continue to use national categories, such "the Czechs", "the Germans", etc. in an uncritical way. According to Zahra, national indifference is "a new label for phenomena that have long attracted the attention of historians and political activists"[9]—particularly negative attention from nationalists bemoaning perceived disloyalty.[9][10] Zahra intends the concept of national indifference to provide a means of studying history without assuming national identities of historical subjects. It also helps to study the resistance of pre-nationalist identities to nationalist activism, usually in cases where either one or multiple nationalism movements attempt to mobilize a population. She outlines three types of national indifference:[1]
 1. National agnosticism: the "complete absence of national loyalties as many individuals are identified more strongly with religious, class, local, regional, professional, or familial communities";
 2. National ambivalence, characterized by opportunism and side-switching;
 3. Bilingualism and openness to interethnic marriage.
She concedes that national indifference is difficult to study, because of such factors as nationalization of history, archives that are dedicated to national history, political apathy among nationally indifferent people, and censuses that do not recognize national indifference or bilingualism.[9]
In 1906, Jan Kapica [pl] asked, "What is an Upper Silesian? Is he a German, a Pole, a Prussian, simply an Upper Silesian, or simply a Catholic or, perhaps, even just an abstract human being?"[9]
Apart from Bohemia, the concept of national indifference has been applied to other Habsburg areas, in addition to the German–French and German–Polish borderlands. More recently it has been applied to parts of the Russian Empire such as Baltics and Bessarabia.[1]
Many instances of national indifference have been cited:
 - In mid-nineteenth century Dalmatia, locals often identified as both Italian and Slavic.[9]
 - In early-twentieth century Upper Silesia, many people rejected both German nationalism and Polish nationalism, instead focusing on Catholic identity. The most powerful political parties did not have a nationalist agenda. The League of Nations World Court officially recognized national indifference in Silesia, finding that the line between Poles and Germans was murky and undefined.[9]
 - The number of German-speakers in the Czech lands decreased by 400,000 between 1909 and 1921, which involved considerable side-switching.[9]
 - In 1930, the Czechoslovak State Statistical Office proposed that Czechoslovak citizens should be allowed to register themselves as "without nationality" on the census, just as it was possible to register as "without religion". Officials argued that "Not all people have national feelings or consciousness, or the desire to belong to a specific national community". This view was rejected by Czech nationalists and never implemented.[9]
 - Nazi officials claimed that Germanness was determined by race, but in practice they used national indifference in order to sign up more people, not previously identified as Germans, to the Volksliste; according to Doris Bergen, some people resorted to displays of antisemitic invective and violence to increase their perceived Germanness.[9]
 - In the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, national polarization between Czechs and Germans resulted from the effects of the Nazi occupation and efforts to classify "a hopelessly mixed people".[11]
 - In the Polish census of 1931, 707,000 respondents listed themselves as Tutejszy, meaning "local", "from here".[12]
Critics of the concept argue that "indifference" is often associated with passivity, which may not be the case. Alternate terms have been proposed by other scholars such as Karsten Brüggemann [de] or Katja Wezel, including "anationalism", "national ambiguity", and "hybridity".[1] According to Per Bolin and Christina Douglas, the concept may be useful when discussing demotic national movements, but is unlikely to be applicable to elite nationalism (such as Baltic Germans).[13]
See also[edit]
 1. ^ a b c d e Miller, Alexei (2019). ""National Indifference" as a Political Strategy?". Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History. 20 (1): 63–72. doi:10.1353/kri.2019.0003.
 2. ^ Ginderachter, Maarten van; Fox, Jon, eds. (2018). National indifference and the History of Nationalism in Modern Europe: National indifference and the History of Nationalism in Modern Europe. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-38276-2.
 3. ^ "The Phantom Subject of "National Indifference"".
 4. ^ Bjork, James (2008). Neither German Nor Pole: Catholicism and National Indifference in a Central European Borderland. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-11646-1.
 5. ^ Van Ginderachter, Maarten (2018). "How to gauge banal nationalism and national indifference in the past: proletarian tweets in Belgium's belle époque". Nations and Nationalism. 24 (3): 579–593. doi:10.1111/nana.12420.
 6. ^ Cole, Laurence (2012). "Differentiation or Indifference? Changing Perspectives on National Identification in the Austrian Half of the Habsburg Monarchy". Nationhood from Below: Europe in the Long Nineteenth Century. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 96–119. ISBN 978-0-230-35535-4.
 7. ^ Stergar, Rok (2012). "National Indifference in the Heyday of Nationalist Mobilization? Ljubljana Military Veterans and the Language of Command". Austrian History Yearbook. 43: 45–58. doi:10.1017/S0067237811000580.
 8. ^ Lichtenstein, Tatjana (2012). "Racializing Jewishness: Zionist Reponses to National Indifference in Interwar Czechoslovakia". Austrian History Yearbook. 43: 75–97. doi:10.1017/S0067237811000609.
 9. ^ a b c d e f g h i Zahra, Tara (2010). "Imagined Noncommunities: National Indifference as a Category of Analysis". Slavic Review. 69 (1): 93–119. doi:10.1017/S0037677900016715. ISSN 0037-6779.
 10. ^ Feest, David (2017). "Spaces of 'national indifference' in biographical research on citizens of the Baltic republics 1918–1940". Journal of Baltic Studies. 48 (1): 55–66. doi:10.1080/01629778.2016._PHONE_.
 11. ^ Bryant, Chad Carl (2007). Prague in Black: Nazi Rule and Czech Nationalism. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-02451-9.
 12. ^ Fowkes, Ben (2002-03-07). Ethnicity and Ethnic Conflict in the Post-Communist World. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 73. ISBN 978-0-333-79256-8.
 13. ^ Bolin, Per; Douglas, Christina (2017). "'National indifference' in the Baltic territories? A critical assessment". Journal of Baltic Studies. 48 (1): 13–22. doi:10.1080/01629778.2016._PHONE_.


the current time, and possibly the process id, is used to pick a seed, thereby making the choice more random. In this case, the seed value is stored in the graph.
If the value is just "random", a time-based seed is chosen.
Note that input positions, specified by a node's pos attribute, are only used when the style is "random".
30 - string
Text; a sequence of characters.
See also escString, text with escape-sequences.
31 - style
styleItem ( ',' styleItem )*
where styleItem = name or name'('args')'
and args = name ( ',' name )*
and name can be any string of characters not containing a space, a left or right parenthesis, or a comma. Whitespace characters are ignored.
NOTE: The styles tapered, striped and wedged are only available in release 2.30 and later.
The recognized style names are,
For nodes and edges:
 - "dashed"
 - "dotted"
 - "solid"
 - "invis"
 - "bold"
For edges only:
 - "tapered"
For nodes only:
 - "filled"
 - "striped"
 - "wedged"
 - "diagonals"
 - "rounded"
For clusters:
 - "filled"
 - "striped"
 - "rounded"
The style "radial" is recognized for nodes, clusters and graphs, and indicates a radial-style gradient fill if applicable.
The style "striped" causes the fill to be done as a set of vertical stripes. The colors are specified via a colorList, the colors drawn from left to right in list order. Optional color weights can be specified to indicate the proportional widths of the bars. If the sum of the weights is less than 1, the remainder is divided evenly among the colors with no weight. Note: The style "striped" is only supported with clusters and rectangularly-shaped nodes.
The style "wedged" causes the fill to be done as a set of wedges. The colors are specified via a colorList, with the colors drawn counter-clockwise starting at angle 0. Optional color weights are interpreted analogously to the striped case described above. Note: The style "wedged" is allowed only for elliptically-shaped nodes.
The following tables illustrate some of the effects of the style settings. Examples of tapered line styles are given below. Examples of linear and radial gradient fill can be seen under colorList.
Basic style settings for nodes
solid dashed dotted
bold rounded diagonals
filled striped wedged
Basic style settings for edges
solid dashed
dotted bold
Basic style settings for clusters
solid dashed dotted bold
rounded filled striped
The effect of style=tapered depends on the penwidth, dir, arrowhead and arrowtail attributes. The edge starts with width penwidth and tapers to width 1, in points. The dir attribute determines whether the tapering goes from tail to head (dir=forward), from head to tail (dir=forward), from the middle to both the head and tail (dir=both), or no tapering at all (dir=none). If the dir is not explicitly set, the default for the graph type is used (see dir). Arrowheads and arrowtails are also drawn, based on the value of dir; to avoid this, set arrowhead and/or arrowtail to "none".
Note: At present, the tapered style only allows a simple filled polygon. Additional styles such as dotted or dashed, or multiple colors supplied via a colorList are ignored.
The following table illustrates the style=tapered with penwidth=7 and arrowtail=none.
dir \ arrowhead normal none
forward
back
both
none
Additional styles are available in device-dependent form. Style lists are passed to device drivers, which can use this to generate appropriate output.
The style attribute affects the basic appearance of nodes, edges and graphs, but has no effect on any text used in labels. For this, use the fontname, fontsize and fontcolor attributes, or the <FONT>, <B>, <I>, etc. elements in HTML-like labels.
The setlinewidth style value can be used for more control over the width of node borders and edges than is allowed by bold. This style value takes an argument, specifying the width of the line in points. For example, style="bold" is equivalent to style="setlinewidth(2)". The use of setlinewidth is deprecated; one should use the penwidth attribute instead.
32 - viewPort
Clipping window on final drawing
Format: "%lf,%lf,%lf,%lf,%lf" or "%lf,%lf,%lf,'%s'"
The viewPort W,H,Z,x,y or W,H,Z,N specifies a viewport for the final image. The pair (W,H) gives the dimensions (width and height) of the final image, in points.
The optional Z is the zoom factor, i.e., the image in the original layout will be W/Z by H/Z points in size. By default, Z is 1.
The optional last part is either a pair (x,y) giving a position in the original layout of the graph, in points, of the center of the viewport, or the name N of a node whose center should used as the focus.
By default, the focus is the center of the graph bounding box, i.e., (bbx/2,bby/2), where "bbx,bby" is the value of the bounding box attribute bb.
Sample values: 50,50,.5,'2.8 BSD' or 100,100,2,450,300. The first will take the 100x100 point square centered on the node 2.8 BSD and scale it down by 0.5, yielding a 50x50 point final image.
33 - xdot
List of graphical operations in Graphviz's xdot language.
xdot is a custom Graphviz language invented by Emden Gansner, describing ellipses, polygons, polylines, beziers, text, images, colors, gradients, fonts, and styles.
Example: c 7 -#ff0000 p 4 4 4 36 4 36 36 4 36 renders a red square.
For more information on the xdot format, see:


text:
Few supply chain executives expect to see strategic benefits from compliance. To them, compliance is purely a cost of doing business. These same supply chain executives tend to view global trade management software systems as a technology that enables their supply chains by automating export and import compliance processes.
Export processes managed by global trade management software include:
- screening against sanctioned party lists,
- managing export licenses,
- performing embargo checks,
- sending electronic communications to customs,
- maintaining export classification, and
- driving outbound trade finance services such as letters of credit.
Import processes managed by global trade management software include:
- managing classification codes,
- producing import documents,
- calculating landed costs,
- managing open letters of credit, and
- ensuring import controls.
A company that deploys a global trade management software system can reduce the costs, risks and delays associated with manual compliance and tracking efforts. In addition, the records generated by such a system can easily pass the audit of a government or external agency.
Global trade management software systems deliver five advantages to companies by increasing supply chain efficiency. These benefits include streamlined screening of export orders; the elimination of order processing delays; visibility into landed costs; the reduction of inbound delays; and the streamlining of financial trade. Let's look at these advantages in more detail.
Advantage #1 -- streamlined screening of export orders: Organizations that do not have a global trade management software system must manually screen every sales order from an international customer to ensure that the customer and associated parties are not on the sanctioned party lists published by various government agencies.
Such organizations must also manually check the sales order for compliance with export license requirements. When such manual screening is performed in a high-volume sales environment, it delays the acknowledgement of the sales order and the determination of the ship date to the customer. Such delays can add days to a company's order-to-cash cycle time, affect cash flow and impact revenue.
But consider the company that has a global trade management software system fully integrated with its sales order management system. As soon as a sales order is entered into the system, the system either instantly clears the sales order for shipment or flags it for export compliance issues. This capability eliminates bottlenecks from a manual compliance testing process and frees the company to focus on manually evaluating only that small percentage of export orders that are flagged for possible violations. The international customers of such an organization enjoy fast turnaround on communication around commit dates and experience fewer delays in order delivery.
Advantage #2 -- elimination of order processing delays: Once the export order is ready to be shipped, the organization must still ensure that all required export documentation is completed and that any filing, such as Shipper's Export Declaration, is done correctly. Furthermore, last-minute surprises such as additional license requirements can delay shipments.
Research shows that over 10% of sales orders to international customers get delayed due to documentation or license requirement errors. Such delays hurt customer loyalty and impact future revenue. The delays can also lead to cancellation of outstanding orders. Such cancellations can be very expensive in today's economic environment.
A global trade management software system ensures that all such activities are done correctly and quickly, so that shipments can be delivered on time. In addition, these systems ensure that any customers whose shipments will be delayed due to export violations can be notified in a timely manner. Finally, these systems also ensure that potential fines due to non-compliance are avoided.
Advantage #3 -- visibility into landed costs: Organizations that lack a global trade management software system must compute landed costs manually. Since manually tracking and determining landed costs is a time-intensive and error-prone process, most organizations lack clear visibility into actual landed costs for a shipment.
As a result, actual costs do not always get factored into decisions on product pricing, rebates and discounts. This means that an organization could be losing money on a product it thinks is profitable.
Clear visibility into landed costs can also help a company design an economically efficient supply chain by locating plants and assembly sites in countries where landed cost is lower due to smaller import duties on components. A global trade management software system provides clear visibility into landed costs for a product and improves the organization's ability to make business decisions.
Advantage #4 -- reduction of inbound delays: An import shipment that lacks accurate paperwork can be significantly delayed at customs. If an organization experiences such delays frequently, it is forced to either carry excess inventory or incur more stock-outs. Delays in inbound shipments are particularly expensive for companies in industries where product life cycles are extremely short, such as high tech or fashion.
Advantage #5 -- streamlining financial trade: Letters of credit are critical to doing business with an international customer. However, recent studies have shown that up to 70% of all Letter of Credit documents submitted to the bank for payment are rejected upon first presentation due to incorrectly issued documentation. This leads to payment delays and additional fees.
With working capital so hard to raise in today's tight credit environment, any delay in collecting cash from international shipments due to incorrect or incomplete documentation against a letter of credit can be expensive. A global trade management software system streamlines the process for collecting and filing such documentation and ensures that the set of papers is correct and complete every time.
About the author: Jessie Chimni is vice president of North America Consulting Services for Bristlecone, a leading supply chain consulting firm. Bristlecone brings expertise across the entire spectrum of supply chain, including demand and supply planning, network collaboration, sourcing, eProcurement, global trade management, spend analytics and supply chain performance management.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
another Beach 'Groyne'! Groynes were fascinating for us to learn about. A groyne is a rigid hydraulic structure that is built out from an ocean shore. It interrupts the water flow and limits the movement of sediment by the longshore drift.
Thus, groynes help create and maintain beaches.


text:
Teaching history is all about telling stories. Now Connecticut students have the chance to get a personal perspective on how stories shape history—thanks to a Connecticut Historical Society project titled Connecticut Kids: Your Objects, Your Stories.
The project encourages children to share an object that represents a personally significant story. It's part of a larger exhibit going on at the Historical Society, Connecticut: 50 Objects/50 Stories, which focuses on objects that help tell the stories that define Connecticut.
Object submissions from Connecticut youngsters will be featured in an online gallery. On Saturday, October 3, the Connecticut Historical Society will hold a special pop-up exhibit featuring some of the objects so that families and visitors can come see them and hear their stories. The Historical Society will also have other activities and crafts available for families that day to celebrate the stories of Connecticut kids. Submissions are due by September 12—click here for more information.
History through the eyes of a teenager
The 50 Objects/50 Stories exhibit is also an excellent learning tool for families and school groups that visit the Historical Society—and in fact, one of the 50 objects submitted came out of a school history day project last year by Manchester High School student Rachael Suhie.
The project is a graduation requirement at Manchester High School that students work on during their junior-year American Studies class. Students can choose to demonstrate what they have learned through an exhibit, documentary, performance, website, or traditional paper.
Suhie chose to do an exhibit on Julia Chase-Brand, a pioneer in the world of running who became the first woman in the United States to participate in a major distance road race by finishing the Manchester Road Race in 1961.
"The teachers wanted us to take on local projects as they have more relevance to us," Suhie said.
The American Studies classes at Manchester High are co-taught by history and English teachers and the two subjects are highly integrated with a single set of assignments.
History teacher Matthew Cieslowski said that he and co-teacher Steve O'Reilly encourage local projects because of the impact they have on students.
"It's great when kids do projects on Martin Luther King Jr., but it's not the same as doing a project on the Sheff v. O'Neill court case where students get to meet Elizabeth Sheff, one of the original plaintiffs," Cieslowski said.
"Rachael got to meet Julia and talk to her to learn about her experience firsthand," he said.
"I learned a lot—it was such an interesting story," Suhie said. "Julia said running in that race was the scariest thing she had ever done. She was very nervous."
The project had special relevance for Suhie who is captain of her high school's cross country team and has run the Manchester Road Race several times herself—finishing with the fastest time of a female Manchester High School student in both 2013 and 2014.
Teachers encourage young historian
The Manchester High School history day projects coincided with the Connecticut Historical Society's call for objects for its 50 Objects exhibit. Cieslowski said, "We already had students doing projects on these local topics so it made sense to encourage them to submit an object for the exhibit."
In its collection the Manchester Historical Society has the blue dress 19-year-old Chase-Brand wore when she crossed the finish line in 1961—her Smith College gym uniform—so Suhie was able to submit it as an object for the exhibit. Though other Manchester High students also submitted objects, as the exhibit is limited to 50, Suhie was the only one whose object was selected.
"I was so excited to tell my teachers I'd been selected," Suhie said. "They gave me so much positive reinforcement and were so excited for me, which made me so excited."
"We went to the opening night and got a preview of the exhibit," Cieslowski said. "Rachael got to talk about why she selected the dress—I think she was one of the only high school kids who had an object featured."
Cieslowski continued, "It was nice to see a young person, a young historian sharing the stage with people who have devoted their lives to local history. We were incredibly proud."
The 50 Objects/50 Stories exhibit will be at the Connecticut Historical Society in Hartford until January 2, 2016. Click here for more information about the exhibit and to view an online gallery of the submissions.


text:
Application Loess Soils in Establishment of Small Embankment Damsششمین کنفرانس بین المللی پیشرفتهای علوم و تکنولوژی
Construction of Debris control structures have important role on the protection of watershed basins as well as aquiferous basins. It also had a great influence on preventing the movement of sediment deposits from upstream to downstream of these basins. Of these watershed basins, more attention should be given to GOLESTAN watershed province and its different basins. These types of watershed with special characters and high flood– water areas should also get special attention and precise planning. In such basins, varieties of deposits are transported from upstream to downstream. Since the residential areas and access roads are located on the flood–channels and downstream of these basins, remarkable damages are usually expected to take place on the infrastructures as well as on the installations (or industrial plants). Therefore, it is very important to control the movement of the upstream sediment deposits by reducing the slope of the existing channels or constructing sediment control structures as well as Debris control structures for trapping the debris and sediments. One example of these Debris control structures are the small earth dams at the height of 6–10 m that are built in different areas of GOLESTAN province.It is essential to construct earth dams with sediment control structures in the upstream channels of the basins due to the existence of high erodible soils in the region. Geologically, MALEK ALI TAPPEH basins are located in loess covered regions. Sinceloess soils are weak with high settlement potential, construction of structures should be carried out with special plan. Also due to the lack of suitable construction materials in the region as well as economic reasons for transporting these materials, the construction of the earth dams was carried out from the in situ materials in the region.<\div>
راهنمای دریافت مقالهی «Application Loess Soils in Establishment of Small Embankment Dams» در حال تکمیل میباشد.


text:
ZK-TS-PT100 Surface mount temperature sensor
Product name: Surface mount temperature sensor
Product introduction: ZK-TS-PT100 surface-mount temperature sensor, support -40 ℃ ～ 100 ℃ temperature measurement, Pt100 three-line output, meet the temperature monitoring requirements of offline environment, the market end is widely used in various industries, the product end can be used with other All products are combined to meet the needs of temperature monitoring.
1. Small size, low power consumption, increase product content.
2. There are many application scenarios, which mainly meet the measurement requirements of room temperature and ordinary working environment.
3. Easy to install and high precision.
Technical configuration and performance
Surface mount temperature sensor
Temperature measurement range
Pt100 third line
Scope of application
Widely used for temperature measurement in power, petroleum, building materials, scientific research and other industries
Click to order


What is a hashioki?
Hashioki means literally in Japanese 'what you put chopsticks on'. Hashiokis are used to rest the chopsticks tips and avoid staining tables. They are mostly made of porcelain but can be found in various materials and shapes.
Hashiokis are not highly regarded by the Japanese who consider them as common table decorations. Japanese families all have a few hashiokis at home, but they do rarely use them. Hashiokis are more likely to be used in restaurants or on formal occasions.
As an example, here are the last hashiokis added to the database :
Why collect hashiokis?
During my stays in Japan, I began buying hashiokis because they had some charm and were affordable. In a few years, they turned out to form a little collection. Even if I didn't think they were really worth showing, the few friends who happened to see them looked rather interested. Noticing their reactions, I thought that other people would perhaps find some pleasure in seeing them too, so I created this site.
An unusual way to know more about Japan
Hashiokis can be a different way to discover unknown aspects of Japan. Many hashiokis refer to traditions, celebrations, food, wildlife, or objects typically Japanese. To give more information about these typically Japanese topics, 174 descriptions with photos have been added to the site.
The actual collection
The actual collection contains 963 different hashiokis. Most of them are from Japan and represent only a tiny part of the country production. They have been selected on subjective criteria based on the believed cultural interest of the objects depicted and/or on their charm. Hashiokis made for children (manga characters, cars, etc.), with a style considered too 'kawaii' or too 'western' have been voluntary rejected.
Other types of collections are of course possible and do exist. They can be thematic (animals, mangas, etc.), based on precise criteria (materials, colours, origins, makers, styles, etc.) or follow other aesthetical choices.
The'museographic' effect
Gathered together, hashiokis form a group of 'cute' little objects of no great interest. Once isolated, better lit and enlarged, they acquire an added value which dopes their attractiveness and peculiarity. This'museographic' effect is especially noticeable on this site and one might be a bit disappointed when actually viewing 'the real thing'.
A database opened to other collectors
A great effort has been put in this site including the creation of a relational database with dynamic search and display and all the management tools directly available online. This development was conceived from the start to meet the needs of collectors looking for an effective tool to publish their own collections.
If you are a collector and wish to enrich this virtual collection, please contact me to get a privileged access. Once logged, you will get the following advantages:
Do not hesitate to send me also your comments and proposals about this site.


text:
Keeping a tree watered is the best way to ensure a long life, but it can be difficult to see the water level sometimes, which is why blogger Eric Ayars created a reminder system with an Arduino.
Using a small sensor, an Arduino Pro Mini, a relay, transformer, and an outlet box, he created a system that can detect the amount of water in the tree's tray and blink a morse code message when it's in need of water. Sure, it's probably easier to set up an alarm every couple days to remind you, but this is a clever way to ensure you'll never forget. There's no reason you wouldn't be able to apply it to any other plants you might keep in water, so it could be used year round. You can find the full guide, with schematics and code on Hardware Hacks.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Rātā Moehau
Rare specimen forest tree. Reaches maximum of 30 metres. Smallish white flowers (the only white-flowered rata species) Oct-Nov. Distinctive whitish, spongy, flaking bark. Attractive dark green foliage with steeply curved crown. Endemic in the Far North. Prefers good sun, and well-drained soils. Hardy. Tolerates mild frost.
takana native trees takes the loss of our more rare native tree species seriously, and dedicates significant resources to increasing their presence and helping preserve New Zealand's natural heritage.


text:
Skip to Main Content
A novel methodology utilizing the direct data domain approach to space-time adaptive processing (STAP) in airborne radar environments is presented in this paper. The deterministic least squares adaptive signal processing technique operates on a snapshot-by-snapshot basis to determine the adaptive weights for ing interferences and estimating signal of interest (SOI), and eliminates the requirement for the secondary data from neighboring range cell. This is in contrast to conventional adaptive techniques where processing is done by taking the time averages as opposed to spatial averages. Simulation results illustrate the efficiency of interference suppression in nonhomogeneous environment.


text:
Előadó: Gábor Vattay (ELTE Dept. Complex. Sys.)
Absztrakt: Why life persists at the edge of chaos is a question at the very heart of evolution. Here we show that molecules taking part in biochemical processes from small molecules to proteins are critical quantum mechanically. Electronic Hamiltonians of biomolecules are tuned exactly to the critical point of the metal-insulator transition separating the Anderson localized insulator phase from the conducting disordered metal phase. Using tools from Random Matrix Theory we conrm that the energy level statistics of these biomolecules show the universal transitional distribution of the metal-insulator critical point and the wave functions are multifractals in accordance with the theory of Anderson transitions. The ndings point to the existence of a universal mechanism of charge transport in living matter. The revealed bio-conductor material is neither a metal nor an insulator but a new quantum critical material which can exist only in highly evolved systems and has unique material properties.


-y, can't explain is the Nature of the soul, or the colors you see, the sounds you hear, the feelings you feel, the shivers you experience, the itch that itches, the pain that hurts, the aggression that haunts you, the love that moves you, the cravings that come along, the hate inside, the fear that freezes, the longing to win, the disappointment of losing, the mourning, the screaming that stops at your mouth, etc. How will you explain the feeling you feel when listening to your favorite music? This can't be explained in terms of physics. For, who knows the Nature of elementary particles as described by particle physics? Let alone of zillions of them interacting.
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ this is a physics website, there should be no place for concepts like the "soul". It is not because we are very far from explaining perception of colours, consciousness etc now that you have to qualify categorically as it can not be explained by physics. Think about the advances science has made since the Greeks. They would have said natural science cannot explain this and that it must be something extra. Science has been chipping away relentlessly the "explanations" of religion. Never say never. $\endgroup$ – Oбжорoв Mar 29 at 15:25
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ _USER_ Then the question shouldn't be asked. How do you want to explain pain? There is definitely a physical correlate in our body and brain if I experience pain. This doesn't explain the awareness of pain though. $\endgroup$ – Deschele Schilder Mar 29 at 15:36
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ I don't know why you're pretending Richard Dawkins has a knighthood; he's never likely to get one from the head of the Church of England. In any case, evolution is not according to him, nor according to millions of scientists worldwide. Rather, it is according to mountains of evidence. Please read book-length treatments of said evidence. $\endgroup$ – J.G. Mar 30 at 16:07
 - $\begingroup$ You are right about the sir-thing. I mixed Dawkins up with Popper. I don't know why. Maybe, unconsciously, I see that there is no big difference in their thinking. The book you refer to (it's on my bookshelf!) seems like a bible to me, All books that our friend has written have the same content. No matter how much examples given, it's just an interpretation of the facts. Genes and memes are passed on to the next generation, that's a fact. His interpretation? i don't like it! $\endgroup$ – Deschele Schilder Mar 30 at 21:34
We are very good at describing small quantum mechanical systems, because today we have QM, and we do know that the world is ultimately quantum mechanical in nature. That being said, when it comes to predicting bigger biological systems (just like our own human nature), our capabilities are very limited. We are all made up of QM systems, elementary particles, who are reading this question, but if we would ask a question like, "can you explain why you are asking this question at all", then explaining it based just on QM is not possible. There are two main reasons for that:
 1. though we are very good at describing small QM systems, the task becomes extremely difficult for larger systems
 1. biology adds something extra, you can call it instinct, consciousness, life, nature, whatever you want, but it is governed by a biological program, and described by a programming language, the DNA (this about the programming language is nicely described in _USER_ answer). We are in babyshoes at describing biological system's behavior based on DNA, but in the future we might be able to do so with much more efficiency.
So the ultimate answer to your question is that biological systems are qualitatively more then just a "bunch" of elementary particles.
_USER_ Steane provided a really good answer. For further insight into his line of reasoning as I understand it, I would recommend reading Chapter 1 of Information Theory, Evolution, and the Origin of Life (2009) by Hubert Yockey.
Yockey writes:
The laws of physics and chemistry are much like the rules of a game such as football. The referees see to it that these laws are obeyed but that does not predict the winner of the Super Bowl. There is not enough information in the rules of the game to make that prediction. That is why we play the game. Chaitin (1985, 1987a) has examined the information content of the laws of physics by actually programming them. He finds the information content amazing small.
The reason that there are principles of biology that cannot be derived from the laws of physics and chemistry lies simply in the fact that the genetic information content of the genome for constructing even the simplest organisms is much larger than the information content of these laws (Yockey, 1992).
Bolded emphasis at the end is mine. While I have not read significantly further to really justify all of Yockey's claims, I think the spirit of his ideas is in the right place, and aligns with what Andrew was saying: just like you can't use the concept of a universal computer to specifically predict what programs will be written on it, you can't use physics to predict what the specific rules of biology will be. At best, you can only constrain the rules of biology to physically-possible scenarios.
Edit: Let me clarify what I was saying in the above answer. (tl;dr: Everything depends on how you define life, and, in my opinion, the question of how best to define life is not a physics question, although it can be guided by a physics understanding.)
I'm going to use the following definitions for "physics", "biology", and "life".
 - Physics: A question can be answered by physics, if it is of the form: "If X occurs, will Y happen?" In other words, physics discusses possible physical scenarios and processes, contingent on a set of physical constraints. Unless we're being speculative, the physical constraints match those of the real world.
 - Biology: The field of biology answers questions, sometimes quite high-level ones, about the physical processes involving living things.
 - Life: Now, this definition is up for discussion! (Which is my entire point.)
We can choose a physics-dependent definition of life -- e.g. "A living thing is a localized collection of carbon and other atoms with X additional properties" -- or we can attempt to produce a relatively physics-agnostic definition of life (which Yockey attempted to do -- the question of whether his definition is a good one is a related, but different, matter).
If you choose a physics-dependent definition, then, yes, you can generally determine several biological rules -- but even then, not all of them, due to emergence, which others have mentioned. These physics-dependent definitions of life often run the risk of being too specific (e.g. too carbon chauvinist) -- we might have to expand the definition of life when we encounter new forms that we decide we want to be considered as alive.
However, I was merely noting that some people, including Yockey, have tried to produce relatively physics-agnostic definitions of life, which are of at least some epistemological interest (even if of little to no biological interest). I worry that Yockey's definition, which is based on information processing principles, runs the risk of being too general -- it is hard to see how computers, for example, would not be lumped into his definition of life. More generally, if several very different physical systems match a physics-agnostic definition of life, it is hard to argue that physics alone "predicts" how life ought to function: it simply constrains how life does/can function in our universe.
But, in my view, exactly how you define "life" is not a physics question (it's a biology question), and because the set of allowed biological processes is strongly dependent on how you define life, I would hesitate to say that physics predicts "why the laws and behaviors observed in biology are as they are". As others have mentioned, even if you a priori choose a physics-dependent definition of life, as we already know on Earth, living systems adopt a wide variety of behaviors, none particularly dependent a priori on the laws of physics, but just as much as on circumstances, history, hysteresis, and emergence.
 - 3
 $\begingroup$ you can't use physics to predict what the rules of biology will be. I greatly disagree with this statement. Physics is used in many areas of research to determine how biological systems will behave. $\endgroup$ – BioPhysicist Mar 29 at 14:27
 - $\begingroup$ Could you give some examples? $\endgroup$ – viral Mar 29 at 15:47
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ I was a bit brief, which led to confusion. Once you've defined what biology is, then you can use physics to predict how biological functions will evolve. But "biology", as a word, doesn't have any inherent meaning: we could define "biology" to mean "how rocks fall," for example. But nonetheless, if we instead say the typical thing, that "biology is the physical process of life", then we are constraining biology to follow the laws of physics and reproduce, at


Hay 2 definiciones de do en inglés:
Saltos de línea: do
verbo (does /dʌz/; doing; past did /dɪd/; past participle done /dʌn/)
1 [with object] Perform (an action, the precise nature of which is often unspecified): something must be done about the city's traffic she knew what she was doing what can I do for you? Brian was looking at the girl, and had been doing so for most of the hearing
Más ejemplos en oraciones
 - I really didn't know what I was doing.
1.1Perform (a particular task): Dad always did the washing up on Sundays
Más ejemplos en oraciones
Más ejemplos en oraciones
prepare, make, get ready, fix, produce, see to, arrange, organize, be responsible for, be in charge of, look after, take onstyle, arrange, adjust, groom, preen, primp, prink; brush, comb, wash, dry, cut
informal fix
1.3 [no object] British informal Do the cleaning for a person or household: Florrie usually did for the Shermans in the mornings
1.4Make or have available and provide: many hotels don't do single rooms at all [with two objects]: he decided to do her a pastel sketch of himself
Más ejemplos en oraciones
paint, draw, sketch; make, create, produce, turn out, fashion, design, fabricate, manufacture
informal knock up, knock together, knock off
1.5Solve; work out: Joe was doing sums aloud
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work out, figure out, calculate, add up; solve, resolve, puzzle out, decipher; Britishtot up
1.6Cook (food) to completion or to a specified degree: if a knife inserted into the centre comes out clean, then your pie is done
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1.7(Often in questions) work at for a living: what does she do?
Más ejemplos en oraciones
 - What does your dad do for a living?
do for a living, work at, be employed as, earn a living as/at; what is …'s job?
1.8Learn or study; take as one's subject: I'm doing English, German, and History
Más ejemplos en oraciones
 - However, doing a PhD requires a high level of emotional management both within and outwith the field.
 - In what sense are we required to follow the canons of correct reasoning when doing mathematics?
 - I am doing the most demanding degree, but I could maybe take a year out.
study, read, learn, take a course in, take classes in, be taught
1.9Produce or give a performance of (a particular play, opera, etc.): the Royal Shakespeare Company are doing Macbeth next month
Más ejemplos en oraciones
put on, present, produce, give; perform in, act in, play in, take part in, participate in, be involved in, be engaged in
1.10 informal Imitate (a particular person) in order to entertain people: he not only does Schwarzenegger and Groucho, he becomes them
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Más ejemplos en oraciones
1.12Attend to (someone): the barber said he'd do me next
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1.13 vulgar slang Have sexual intercourse with.
1.14 (do it) informal Have sexual intercourse: I only ever did it in the missionary position
Más ejemplos en oraciones
 - I like to do it in the morning.
1.15 (do it) informal Urinate or defecate.
2 [with object] Achieve or complete, in particular:
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travel, journey, go, cover, travel over, pass over, journey over, traverse, cross, range over, put behind one, get under one's belt, attain, achieve, log
informal chalk up, notch up
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2.3Make (a particular journey): last time I did Oxford-York return by train it was £50
Más ejemplos en oraciones
 - I did London to Paris for charity last year.
2.4 informal Visit as a tourist, especially in a superficial or hurried way: the Americans are allotted only a day to do the Yorkshire Moors
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visit, tour, sightsee in, look around/round, take in the sights of
2.5Spend (a specified period of time) in prison or in a particular occupation: he did five years for manslaughter Peter has done thirteen years in the RAF
Más ejemplos en oraciones
 - He had done five years for housebreaking.
 - He did 25 years in the Air Force.
2.6 [no object] informal Finish: you must sit there and wait till I've done [with present participle]: we've done arguing
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Más ejemplos en oraciones
2.8 (be/have done with) British Give up concern for; have finished with: I should sell the place and be done with it Steve was not done with her
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be finished with, have finished with, be done with, be through with, want no more to do with, be no longer involved with/in, have given up, have no further dealings with, have turned one's back on, have washed one's hands of, have no more truck with
3 [no object, with adverbial] Act or behave in a specified way: they are free to do as they please you did well to bring her back
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3.1Make progress or perform in a specified way; get on or fare: when a team is doing badly, it's not easy for a new player to settle in Mrs Walters, how're you doing?
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get on, get along, progress, fare, make out, get by, manage, cope, survive; succeed, prosper
Más ejemplos en oraciones
 - It will do you good to have some fresh air.
 - They'll do themselves harm one way or another.
Más ejemplos en oraciones
Más ejemplos en oraciones
suffice, be adequate, be satisfactory, be acceptable, be good enough, be of use, fill the bill, fit the bill, answer the purpose, serve the purpose, meet one's needs, pass muster; be enough, be sufficient
informal make the grade, cut the mustard, be up to snuff
4.1Suffice or be usable: a strip of white cotton about 20 yards long did for a fence
Más ejemplos en oraciones
 - A rocky ledge, we decide, will do fine as a lunch spot.
 - Any piece of paper slipped between two pages would do as a bookmark, but origami bookmarks are stylish and will distinguish you apart from the rest.
5 [with object] informal Beat up or kill: one day I'll do him
Más ejemplos en oraciones
 - I'll do him with an iron bar.
 - I'll do you one of these nights!
5.1 (be done) Be ruined: once you falter, you're done
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5.2Rob (a place): this would be an easy place to do and there was plenty of money lying around
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5.3British informal Swindle: a thousand pounds for one set of photos—Jacqui had been done
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6 [with object] (usually be/get done for) British informal Prosecute or convict: we got done for conspiracy to cause GBH
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Volver al principio
Más ejemplos en oraciones
Más ejemplos en oraciones
 - You do like champagne, don't you, Charles?
 - You do understand, don't you?
 - I look all right, don't I?
1.2Used in negative commands: don't be silly do not forget
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2Used to refer back to a verb already mentioned: he looks better than he did before you wanted to enjoy yourself, and you did as they get smarter, so do the crooks
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Más ejemplos en oraciones
Más ejemplos en oraciones
 - Do sit down and make yourself comfortable.
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sustantivo (plural dos or do's)
Volver al principio
1British informal A party or other social event: the soccer club Christmas do
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party, reception, gathering, celebration, function, affair, event, social event, social occasion, social function, social; Frenchsoirée; West Indianjump-up; Jewishsimcha; North Americanlevee
informal bash, blowout, rave, shindig, sh


text:
Costa Dorada Weather April Averages, Spain
What's the weather like in Costa Dorada in April?
April begins a true warm up for both overnight lows and afternoon highs and also begins a great time to visit Spain. With warming temperatures and a drier period on the way, vacationers may expect to pay a little more for both hotels and also flights. These higher prices may also get extended to other areas such as restaurants as well.
While temperatures are warming on land, the sea is also beginning to catch up. After several months of consistent temperatures, the average sea temperature in April has climbed to 15°C (59°F). This is still too cool for many people, however, a few brave souls may decide to head out to the waves with the help of a wetsuit.
Meanwhile, on land, both overnight lows and afternoon highs are beginning to warm with summer just around the corner. Vacationers may still want to pack something lightweight but warm for the early morning hours and consult an extended forecast before leaving home. The average afternoon high for the month in Costa Dorada is a pleasant 20°C (68°F). This is warm enough for short sleeves especially when visitors can also spend some time in the 11 hours of sunshine that is expected each day. Temperatures first thing in the morning will bottom out at 10°C (50°F). These temperatures are much warmer than what they were just a few months ago. Overall, the average daily temperature is 15°C (59°F) at this time of the year.
Rainfall continues to be hard to come by as only 30mm of precipitation are expected over the course of the month. This rain falls over an average of 5 days and there is only a 20 percent chance of rain for the time period. Clouds and rain are short lived as the chance of a sunny day is still 100 percent.
Hotels in Costa Dorada in April
Estival Centurion Playa
With several swimming pools and direct access to a golden beach, Estival Centurion Playa is a wonderful place to call home while on holiday in April. Additionally, the hotel offers towel service at the pools, entertainment for both children and adults, and even babysitting service upon request. There are numerous room configurations to choose from and guests can also take advantage of the all-day buffet, beach snack bar and bar and swimming pool terrace.
Hotel Golden Port Salou
The Hotel Golden Port Salou offers everything that a guest can want and the staff are there to attend to every need. This 4-star hotel is located just 900 meters from Levante Beach and offers services for the whole family. The resort features three pools in all, including a children's pool, adult pool and outdoor game pool. There is also a full program of daily activities, nightly entertainment, a mini-golf course, spa, buffet with cooking demonstrations and pool terrace bar service.
Le Meridien Ra Beach Hotel and Spa
For the ultimate in luxury, Le Meridien Ra Beach Hotel and Spa is an excellent choice. Guests can take advantage of both indoor and outdoor pools, direct beach access, fitness center, planned beach activities and nearby golf courses. Children of all ages will also have fun with the kid's club and get to explore their own creativity with a number of activities. There are a total of 143 guest rooms in a variety of sizes and all are well appointed with bathrobes and slippers, TV, satellite channels, minibar and much more.
Bars and Restaurants
Foodies looking for the ultimate culinary experience will enjoy a visit to Xantar. The chefs use only the freshest ingredients from the sea, garden and mountain. The cuisine is a combination of traditional Galician fare combined with modern methods. A wonderful atmosphere complete with white tablecloths, this restaurant is reserved for those who are serious about food.
El Vergel Veggie Restaurant
Vegans and vegetarians will appreciate the boutique eatery of El Vergel Veggie Restaurant. Complete with a cozy interior the restaurant offers a wide variety of creative choices that will please all guests, no matter their tastes in food. The menu is complete with an extensive wine list as well as good prices on all the dishes offered.
Christy's Irish Bar
Christy's Irish Bar is a great place to spend an evening listening to music or playing pool at one of the number of tables. Good drinks and good food complete the entire pub experience. With a good food and good staff, there is a lot to like about this late-night spot.
Things to do in Costa Dorada in April
Costa Dorada's population is predominantly Catholic. Naturally, the people here place great emphasis on Holy Week which usually falls on the last week of March or the first week of April. Processions are held from Palm Sunday to Easter Sunday and with only 5 days of rain in the month, there is a good chance the celebrations will be dry.
Dansa de la Mort
Verges, a municipality situated in the North of Catalonia, is famous for its Dansa de la Mort held every Holy Thursday. Down south in the city of Tarragona the highlight of the Holy Week celebration is the procession of the Holy Burial on Good Friday. Penitents, religious devotees, people dressed as Nazarenes and Romans and other characters in the Holy Burial procession will be walking to the beat of drums through the streets of Tarragona.
Meanwhile, the town of Olesa de Monstserrat is renowned for its La Passio de Olesa or Passion Play. In 1996, 726 persons acted onstage at the same time during the Passion Play so you can just imagine how the people here put all their hearts into the occasion. Esparaguerra, a town in Catalonia is also famous for its play (La Passio d'Esparreguera) depicting the life and passion of Jesus Christ.
Diade de Sant Jordi
On the 23rd of the month, the cities, towns or counties of Catalonia celebrate the Diada de Sant Jordi. St. George is the patron saint of Catalonia and on his feast day the men give red roses to the women while the latter give books to the men. This is like Valentine's Day in April where everyone is in a loving mood and of course, the bookshops and flower shops are full.
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text: Originally from Southwest Ohio, Daniel quickly formed a connection between his Jewish identity and the importance of inclusion and working towards a more socially just society. Daniel dived further into social justice and Jewish thought in his undergraduate experiences at Lehigh University in Southeastern Pennsylvania. Studying classics and religion studies, he learned the importance of reflecting upon the past but at the same time finding meaning for the present. At the same time, Daniel began to become involved in many social justice education groups, winning multiple campus awards for his involvement. His passion for social justice and education continued in his graduate studies at New York University, where he received his masters in Higher Education Administration and Student Affairs. Daniel is Keshet's National Director of Education and Training.


Java Compare and Swap Example – CAS Algorithm
One of the best additions in java 5 was Atomic operations supported in classes such as AtomicInteger, AtomicLong etc. These classes help you in minimizing the need of complex (un-necessary) multi-threading code for some basic operations such as increment or decrement a value which is shared among multiple threads. These classes internally rely on an algorithm named CAS (compare and swap). In this article, I am going to discuss this concept in detail.
1. Optimistic and Pessimistic Locking
Traditional locking mechanisms, e.g. using synchronized keyword in java, is said to be pessimistic technique of locking or multi-threading. It asks you to first guarantee that no other thread will interfere in between certain operation (i.e. lock the object), and then only allow you access to any instance/method.
It's much like saying "please close the door first; otherwise some other crook will come in and rearrange your stuff".
Though above approach is safe and it does work, but it put a significant penalty on your application in terms of performance. Reason is simple that waiting threads can not do anything unless they also get a chance and perform the guarded operation.
There exist one more approach which is more efficient in performance, and it optimistic in nature. In this approach, you proceed with an update, being hopeful that you can complete it without interference. This approach relies on collision detection to determine if there has been interference from other parties during the update, in which case the operation fails and can be retried (or not).
The optimistic approach is like the old saying, "It is easier to obtain forgiveness than permission", where "easier" here means "more efficient".
Compare and Swap is a good example of such optimistic approach, which we are going to discuss next.
2. Compare and Swap Algorithm
This algorithm compares the contents of a memory location to a given value and, only if they are the same, modifies the contents of that memory location to a given new value. This is done as a single atomic operation. The atomicity guarantees that the new value is calculated based on up-to-date information; if the value had been updated by another thread in the meantime, the write would fail. The result of the operation must indicate whether it performed the substitution; this can be done either with a simple Boolean response (this variant is often called compare-and-set), or by returning the value read from the memory location (not the value written to it).
There are 3 parameters for a CAS operation:
 1. A memory location V where value has to be replaced
 2. Old value A which was read by thread last time
 3. New value B which should be written over V
CAS says "I think V should have the value A; if it does, put B there, otherwise don't change it but tell me I was wrong." CAS is an optimistic technique—it proceeds with the update in the hope of success, and can detect failure if another thread has updated the variable since it was last examined.
3. Java Compare and Swap Example
Let's understand the whole process with an example. Assume V is a memory location where value "10" is stored. There are multiple threads who want to increment this value and use the incremented value for other operations, a very practical scenario. Let's break the whole CAS operation in steps:
1) Thread 1 and 2 want to increment it, they both read the value and increment it to 11.
V = 10, A = 0, B = 0
2) Now thread 1 comes first and compare V with it's last read value:
V = 10, A = 10, B = 11
if A = V
 V = B
 else
 operation failed
 return V
Clearly the value of V will be overwritten as 11, i.e. operation was successful.
3) Thread 2 comes and try the same operation as thread 1
V = 11, A = 10, B = 11
if A = V
 V = B
 else
 operation failed
 return V
4) In this case, V is not equal to A, so value is not replaced and current value of V i.e. 11 is returned. Now thread 2, again retry this operation with values:
V = 11, A = 11, B = 12
And this time, condition is met and incremented value 12 is returned to thread 2.
In summary, when multiple threads attempt to update the same variable simultaneously using CAS, one wins and updates the variable's value, and the rest lose. But the losers are not punished by suspension of thread. They are free to retry the operation or simply do nothing.
Thats all for this simple but important concept related to atomic operations supported in java.
Happy Learning !!
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A device subject to internal natural convection has a cavity in which air (or some other fluid) can move around internal components that give off heat. As the components heat up, the air within the device heats and moves due to buoyancy.
Examples of internal natural convection situations include an electronics device that has vents which allow flow in an out of the device and a module that is fully sealed. Each of these scenarios requires a slightly different set-up.
Either construct the flow volume in the CAD model or construct caps that fully enclose the flow volume. (This can be done using the Void Fill Geometry tool.)
Because the device is sealed, the internal flow volume should be created automatically when opened into Autodesk Simulation CFD. If not, ensure that there are no leaks or construct the flow volume in the CAD model.


Information, Symptoms, Treatments and Resources
Ringworm and Animals
Ringworm and Animals
What is ringworm?
Can animals transmit ringworm to me?
Yes, many different kinds of animals can transmit ringworm to people. Ringworm is transmitted from direct contact with an infected animal's skin or hair. Dogs and cats, especially kittens or puppies, can have ringworm that can be passed to people. Cows, goats, pigs, and horses can pass ringworm to people too. People can also get ringworm from other people and their personal items.
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Skip to definition.
Verb: liquidise 'li-kwi,dIz
Usage: Brit (N. Amer: liquidize)
 1. (physics) make (a solid substance) liquid, as by heating
 - liquefy, liquify, liquidize
 2. Get rid of all one's merchandise
 - sell out, sell up, liquidize
Derived forms: liquidised, liquidises, liquidising
Type of: alter, cast aside, cast away, cast out, change, chuck out, discard, dispose, fling, modify, put away, throw away, throw out, toss, toss away, toss out


text:
The University of Washington Obstetric-fetal Pharmacology Research Unit is dedicated to the optimization of medications during pregnancy and lactation. Our goal is to understand how the body handles and responds to drugs during pregnancy.
Many medications commonly used during pregnancy and lactation are not well understood. Through enhancing the understanding of medications in these special populations, we hope to optimize medication selection and dosage and ultimately improve care for pregnant women, their fetuses, lactating mothers and their nursing infants.
NIH from 2006-present
Chair, Department of Pharmacy
Related UW Entities
School of Pharmacy: Department of Pharmaceutics,
School of Pharmacy: Department of Medicinal Chemistry
School of Medicine: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
School of Medicine: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics
School of Medicine: Department of Genome Sciences
School of Nursing: Department of Child, Family and Population Health Nursing
College of Arts and Sciences: Department of Applied Mathematics
Duke University, University of North Carolina
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
University of California, San Diego


text: The site of many clashes for supremacy between the French and British Empires, the park is the scene of the 1759 Conquest, which changed the fate of North America. Apart from its historical past, the park is to Quebec what Central Park and Hyde Park are to New York and London: a city park of outstanding value, the lungs of the city. One hundred and eight hectares of meadow and grassy knolls, decked with flowers or covered with snow, are there for residents and visitors to enjoy. On March 17, 1908 (the 300th anniversary of Quebec's foundation), the law creating the National Battlefields Commission (NBC) was sanctioned to highlight and preserve this site, unique in the world by its sheer size, its geographic location, its historical role and its beauty. The Battlefields Park, which groups together the Plains of Abraham and the Des Braves Park, was developed to honour the memory of both French and British combatants.'


text:
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Epipodophyllotoxins are substances naturally occurring in the root of American Mayapple plant (Podophyllum peltatum).
See also
- Takimoto CH, Calvo E. "Principles of Oncologic Pharmacotherapy" in Pazdur R, Wagman LD, Camphausen KA, Hoskins WJ (Eds) Cancer Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach. 11 ed. 2008.
|This botany article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


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Connections Quiz Round - Oscar Winners
Oscar Winners 1
Oscar Winners Connections Round - The answer to question 10 is the connection between all 9 answers.
This is an Instant Download quiz
How Do I Get My Quiz?
The connections quiz round is a good way to test teams during a standard pub quiz night.
It features 9 general knowledge quiz questions and question 10 is "Guess the connection between all, or part of each answer"
The answer to this quiz is Oscar Winners
Example questions;
 - Which actress, once engaged to Leonard Cohen, played Peyton Flanders in The Hand That Rocks The Cradle?
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SKU C111
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Friday the 13th
When is the next Friday the 13th?
The next Friday the 13th will occur in in 91 days
Find more in the calendar.
Be prepared!
Follow us on Facebook or Twitter and get an early warning when Friday the 13th is near.
Why is Friday the 13th considered unlucky?
The precise origin of the superstition surrounding this day is unknown.
The oldest evidence of Friday the 13th being considered unlucky dates back to the 19th century, but individually Friday and the number 13 have been associated with bad luck way before that.
How often is it Friday the 13th?
Friday the 13th occurs at least once every year. On average there are 212 days between each occurrence. The longest time between to consecutive occurrences is 14 months.
Don't worry
Everything will be fine … if you are lucky!


Origins Of Eating Disorders Found In Gut Microbe
The incidence of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa is somewhere between 5 to 10% of the population but there is very little understanding of the mechanism that is the source of the disease. Given that mood disorders such as depression and schizophrenia have biochemical roots, speculation is that eating disorders can be traced to a similar cause.
Now researchers at the French Institute of Health and Medical Research and the University of Rouen in France have found strong evidence that a protein made by intestinal bacteria are a causative agent for the disorders. Specifically, antibodies made by the host against this protein cross-react with a mammalian satiety hormone. The severity of symptoms in ED patients was also found to correlate with levels of the neutralizing antibodies. The researchers believe that this understanding will ultimately lead to a chemical therapeutic strategies to correct eating disorders.
The scientists focused on a known mammalian modulator of feeding behavior, the protein α-MSH, known variously as alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone and alpha-melanotropin among other names. α-MSH has been implicated in EDs. Using a molecular "fishing" tool, they pulled from the common mammalian gut microbiome inhabitant E. coli K12 a "mimetic", a protein that is very similar to human α-MSH, called ClpB.
Next, the researchers checked how a host responds to dosages of ClpB. Mice which were dosed with ClpB indeed lost weight briefly but a month later increased their weight by 5%. These mice remarkably also became immune to α-MSH, which usually induces anorexic-like effects. In summary, these results show that ClpB provokes a feeding or energy usage reaction in the host that at early times looks like weight loss but at later times weight gain.
To understand the link between bacterial ClpB and host α-MSH, the researchers verified that administering ClpB in the mice provoked an immune reaction not only to ClpB itself, but to the similar protein α-MSH. This means that host produces antibodies to the bacteria that inadvertently hit its own α-MSH, a regulator of feeding, energy regulation and anxiety.