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Retinal detachment after silicone oil removal is prevented by 360° laser treatment
 1. Teresio Avitabile (clinica.oculistica{at}mbox.unict.it),
 2. Antonio Longo,
 3. Gabriella Lentini,
 4. Alfredo Reibaldi
 1. Eye Clinic, University of Catania, Italy
 2. Eye Clinic, University of Catania, Italy
 3. Eye Clinic, University of Catania, Italy
 4. Eye Clinic, University of Catania, Italy
 Abstract
 Purpose: To investigate the effect of 360° laser retinopexy on the incidence of retinal detachment (RD) after silicone oil removal.
 Methods: In a prospective, randomized clinical trial, 303 patients (303 eyes) affected with primary (n=211) or recurring (n=92) rhegmatogenous RD treated by vitrectomy with silicone oil (1000 cSt) and endolaser photocoagulation of retinal breaks, were randomized to receive 360° laser retinopexy or not. After at least 4 months, in eyes with a fully attached retina, the silicone oil was removed. The incidence of RD after silicone oil removal was evaluated.
 Results: 151 eyes received 360° laser retinopexy (completed intraoperatively in 93 eyes and postoperatively in 58 eyes, in 9 of them after cataract extraction); 152 eyes served as controls. Silicone oil was removed from 139 laser-treated eyes (92.05%) and 129 controls (84.87%) (ns). In the first group, 12 eyes (8.63%) developed an RD posterior to laser treatment (including the macula), 3 eyes (2.16%) had a localized posterior RD (treated by laser), and 14 (10.07%) had an RD anterior to the laser treatment. In the control group, RD occurred in 27 eyes (20.93%)(P=0.007).
 Conclusions: 360° laser retinopexy reduces the incidence of RD after silicone oil removal; it should be completed intraoperatively.
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Professor Friedrich Hacker
Professor Friedrich Hacker (HM2207)
Location: Wien, Wien 1010
Country: Austria
Buy Austria flags at!
N 48° 12.137', E 16° 22.45'
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In diesem Haus wurde am 19. Januar 1914
der Psychiater
Univ. Professor Dr. Friedrich Hacker
Er lebte hier bis 1937,
emigrierte in die USA und wurde als
autor, Terrorund Agressionsforscher
international bekannt.
1968 gründete er die
Sigmund-Freud-Gesellschaft in Wien
Er starb 1989
[English translation:]
In this house on January 19, 1914, the psychiatrist and university professor, Dr. Friedrich Hacker, was born. He lived here until 1937, and then emigrated to the US, becoming an internationally known author and researcher on terror and aggression. In 1968 he founded the Sigmund Freud Society in Vienna. He died in 1989.
HM NumberHM2207
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Date Added Tuesday, October 3rd, 2017 at 1:01am PDT -07:00
Locationbig map
UTM (WGS84 Datum)33U E 602104 N _PHONE_
Decimal Degrees48.20228333, 16.37416667
Degrees and Decimal MinutesN 48° 12.137', E 16° 22.45'
Degrees, Minutes and Seconds48° 12' 8.22" N, 16° 22' 27" E
Driving DirectionsGoogle Maps
Closest Postal AddressAt or near 21 Hegelgasse, Wien Wien 1010, AT
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[graphic text] Publications
[Photo] Historic image, date unknown, of landscape of the Mukai Cold Processing Fruit Barrelling Plant
Photograph from National Register collection
The Mukai Cold Process Fruit Barrelling Plant, centrally located on Vashon Island in King County, Washington, retains historic importance as a rare, intact example of a property associated with the history of Japanese American settlement in Washington. Covering 4.8 acres with the surrounding Mukai residence, buildings, and landscape features, the Mukai Cold Processing Fruit Barrelling Plant stands as a testament to the Mukai family's dream of owning and operating a successful strawberry processing and packing business. The beginnings of the Mukai family history in the United States is in many ways representative of the Japanese experience in the Pacific Northwest. Denichiro Mukai was the first of the family to come to the United States, immigrating from a farming community near Osaka, Japan, to San Francisco at the age of 15 in the late 19th century. Americans were unable to pronounce Denichiro, which became shortened to Ben, and then further altered to the nickname B. D. By all accounts, B. D. was a talented, aggressive, and financially ambitious individual. His first position in America was that of a domestic with a wealthy sheep farmer. The family rewarded his hard work by sending him to school, where he learned English. After leaving his first employers, Mukai worked in a variety of positions in San Francisco, including acting as a police interpreter and the head of an employment agency. Sometime after turning 21, B. D. married a young Japanese woman named Sato Nakanishi. After the San Francisco earthquake of 1906, B. D. and Sato settled in Seattle, Washington, and opened a restaurant on Fourth Avenue. Eventually leaving the restaurant business, B. D. went to work for Walter Bowen and Company, a Western Avenue commission house on "Wholesale Row." It was here that he was introduced to Vashon Island strawberries, which would later play a prominent part in the Mukai family business.
[photo] Historic image, date unknown, of the entire Mukai residence
Photograph from National Register collection
In 1910, B. D. and Sato moved to Vashon Island and started growing strawberries on a small parcel of land near the center of the island. Japanese immigrants were well established on Vashon Island by the time the Mukais moved there, beginning with the Sakai and Hoshi families. When B. D. Mukai began his first strawberry farming on the island, he started in the position of a tenant farmer, hiring other Japanese as laborers and pickers. Although he was not the only Japanese farmer to supervise Japanese laborers, he was in the minority. The majority of Japanese-American farmers began their careers in agriculture as laborers. The Mukais set up their first Barrelling plant in 1924, where they began the first preserving and shipping of strawberries for the wholesale market to be done on the island. The successful development of the canning industry soon allowed B. D. to quit sending strawberries to the Western Avenue market altogether, revolutionizing the industry. Soon the Mukai's strawberries were being shipped all over the world by large distribution companies such as John Sexton and Company. In 1926, B. D.'s son, Masahiro (later shortened to "Masa") was born. By 1926, when Masa was fifteen years old, the Mukai s moved their successful strawberry processing operation and purchased the 40-acre site where the Mukai Cold Process Fruit Barrelling Plant was constructed. This plant is important historically as an example of the strawberry industry in the Puget Sound Region, especially on Vashon Island, in the period from 1926 to 1942. When Masa reached high school age his father encouraged him to experiment in various farming techniques to improve the berry crop. One of his major projects was the freezing and preserving of strawberries, which would eventually provide a solution to the Mukai farm's overproduction. B. D. later sent Masa to work at a station set up by the United States Department of Agriculture at the Spokane Street Cold Storage in Seattle. It was there that Mesa experimented with slow, fast, and semi-solid freezing for the wholesale market. Masa would also receive an engineering degree from Washington State University.
The Mukais finished the construction of their new plant, home, and garden just before the onset of the Great Depression. During the Depression years, the Mukai Barrelling Plant established a financial reputation that belied economic conditions in the rest of the country. The plant provided work for 400 to 500 people seasonally, including pickers, including American Indians arriving from Vancouver Island by canoe. In the early 1930s, the company name was changed to Mukai and Son, and in 1934 B. D. left his home and business to travel, eventually settling in California. In 1968 he went back to Japan for a visit, and after several months Masa received orders to sell his father's property, close his bank accounts, and send him his proceeds. The immigrant who had so vehemently embraced America had gone back to Osaka and had purchased and restored the family's ancestral home. He died there in 1973. After B. D.'s departure from Vashon Island, Masa ran the fruit barrelling plant. He gradually gave up farming and concentrated on the canning and freezing business, depending upon local berry production. In 1937 he married Chiyeko Wakasugi, whose family farmed strawberries on Bainbridge Island. In 1938 the business office was moved from the house to the present brick building. Masa changed the name of the plant to the Vashon Island Packing Company, or VIPCO, upon the advice of his distributors.
[Photo] Mukai formal garden
Photograph from National Register collection
World War II was devastating for the Japanese-American berry farmers, both on Vashon and elsewhere. Executive Order 9066, issued on February 19, 1942, affected all Japanese-Americans living west of the Columbia River. Every Japanese family on Vashon Island was given two weeks notice that they would be interred. Most of the island families were moved to the Puyallup Fairgrounds and then dispersed to northern and central California, Wyoming, Idaho and other internment camp locations. In the days after Pearl Harbor, Masa kept in close contact with the Lieutenant Commander of the Western Defense Command, a personal acquaintance. He was notified two weeks before the evacuation order and was able to leave Vashon Island voluntarily, being the only voluntary evacuee on Vashon to do so. After leaving his business in the hands of his hauler Morris Dunsford, the Mukai family packed their belongings and moved to the Snake River Valley in Idaho to Dead Ox Flats, across the river from Weiser, where Chiyeko's brother lived. During his stay in Idaho, Masa became a respected member of the community, working in the seed industry until 1945. The Mukai family returned to their Vashon Island operation in 1946, but Masa found that his strawberry business was no longer profitable due to the rise in transportation costs. Instead, he began to design sewer systems, water distribution mains, and went into pipeline construction and home building. Slowly, Masa began selling his Vashon island properties, until finally in 1969 he sold the plant to a bean sprout manufacturing company. The properties have had several owners since then.
[photo] Mukai Fruit Plant--Packing House
Photograph from National Register collection
The Mukai Agricultural Complex is sited at the end of 107th Avenue S.W. and faces east, overlooking what were once strawberry fields. The Mukai Cold Process Fruit Barrelling Plant, designed by Masahiro Mukai and built by local contractor Deb Harrington, as well as the local small brick office building designed by B. D. Mukai, and the residence, another design of B. D. Mukai's are included in the Mukai Agricultural Complex area. The Fruit Barrelling Plant is a one-story wood frame building. The plant is an excellent vernacular example of agricultural industrial architecture, and the house is a well-preserved example of eclectic vernacular architecture with Arts and Crafts and Neoclassical elements of a type built throughout the Pacific Northwest in the late 1920s. The foundation of the two-story house is concrete, and a full basement features a two-car garage on the north. Constructed in a modified ell-plan, the Mukai residence possesses multiple gable roofs sheathed in wood shingles. The formal garden, also included in the historic area, retains interest as a vernacular expression of the adaptation and blending of traditional Japanese garden elements and plant materials with American suburban residential landscaping. It retains most of its original design and many of its original plantings. In its prime, the Mukai garden attracted visitors from on and off the island and was photographed for postcards. The garden also served for notable social functions when tea parties were held to view the cherry blossoms in the early spring.
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text:
Yes, I heard it first on a medical television show, denture creams causing zinc poisoning. Can denture creams cause paralysis, numbness, tingling, muscle weakness and other neurological issues? Can zinc poisoning cause neuropathy? The general public may not realize that some of their denture creams do contain zinc. It is the long term, chronic and excessive use of the creams that may have lead to the development of neurological symptoms.
Zinc Poisoning from Denture adhesives:
Zinc is found in the rust prevention coatings of paints, vitamins, zinc oxides, zinc acetate and zinc sulfate. Zinc poisoning usually results from misuse of paints, dyes and ointments, but people did not realize that their denture cream also can poison them. Individuals with ill fitting dentures may have neurological problems from an excessive use of the denture adhesives. In 2008 'Neurology' Journal published a report on denture creams and the risk of zinc exposure. People were reporting using 2 tubes a week for poorly fitting dentures. This is not the recommended usage, people developed neuropathy or other neurological symptoms. A regular tube of denture cream should last 3 to 10 weeks. 'Glaxo Smith Kline' published a consumer advisory on February 18, 2010, warning about a potential health risk associated with long-term, excessive use of GSK's denture adhesives that contain zinc.
Symptoms of Zinc Poisoning
Symptoms of zinc poisoning include numbness and tingling in the hands, loss of sensation or unexplained pain and muscle weakness in legs and arms, a metallic taste in the mouth, and other neurological programs that cause difficulty with walking and balance. Neuropathy is a condition that affects the nerves and can cause the numbness or tingling of extremities with the reduced inability to walk. Severe zinc poisoning reactions require immediate medical help and a call to your poison control center.
Users of dental adhesive creams should have properly fitting dentures and follow the recommended dosage of denture cream found on their packages.
Medline Plus: _URL_
Glaxo Smith Kline: Consumer Advisory (2/18/10): _URL_

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Barclay, Craig P (2009) Heroes of Peace:The Royal Humane Society and the Award of Medals in Britain,_PHONE_. PhD thesis, University of York.
Available under License Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.0 UK: England & Wales.
The Royal Humane Society was founded in 1774 as Britain's first primary aid organisation. In addition to researching and disseminating information on the treatment of the apparently dead, it took practical steps both to prevent accidents and to reward individuals who saved others from drowning or asphyxiation. The Society and its work were widely admired and imitated both within the United Kingdom and overseas, whilst the medal which it established in 1775 to reward such deeds became the first British bravery medal to be widely distributed to both men and women of all social classes and also served as a model both for other societies and the Crown. Unlike continental countries such as France, Britain had been slow to adopt the medal as a means of rewarding and encouraging bravery. Official interest in the use of medals to encourage loyalty to the Crown and to reward valour was prompted by the army's experiences in the Crimea, whilst the extension of such rewards to cover deeds of civil bravery was in part driven by public demand, although control of the distribution of these rewards remained firmly in the hands of middle and upper-class men, who imposed their own value systems on the deeds which they reviewed. An analysis of both official and unofficial rewards shows that working class, female and non-white rescuers were under-represented. The tales of working class medallists were however of particular interest to the writers of improving tracts, who fashioned 'exemplary lives' around the bones of the stories of honoured workers. This in turn led to the creation of a new breed of working-class heroes, whose stories were widely distributed with the intention of providing acceptable role models for the labouring classes. This represented a radical departure from previous models of heroism, which had been sharply focussed on leaders and warriors drawn from the echelons of the ruling elite. Until the outbreak of the Great War, the majority of bravery medals awarded each year were given by private societies in recognition of civilian bravery. This dominance ended in 1914, when conscription and wholesale slaughter altered forever the popular perception of courage.
|Item Type:||Thesis (PhD)|
|Keywords:||Courage Heroism Exemplarity Race Gender Class Medal Empire|
|Academic Units:||The University of York > History (York)|
|Depositing User:||Mr Craig P Barclay|
|Date Deposited:||14 Jun 2011 15:48|
|Last Modified:||08 Sep 2016 12:20|


text:
This dissertation presents the first critical edition of Menaphon by Robert Greene with the Preface by Thomas Nashe. The work was originally published in 1589 in London and was reprinted four times in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries (1599, 1605, 1610, and 1616). For this edition three copies of the first edition and copies of all the other early editions have been collated. None of the later editions contains any revisions or additions that can be ascribed to either Nashe or Greene. Therefore the first edition is used in this edition as the copy-text. A full textual apparatus records all substantive variants and emendations of the text. The Introduction Includes bibliographic descriptions of the various early editions and discusses the relationship between the texts of the early editions. An essay on Nashe's Preface places it in the context of his developing prose style. Greene's Menaphon is treated in a separate essay concerned with the self-consciousness of the work, and its relation to various sources and influences such as Greek romance, Euphuism, and Sidney's Old Arcadia. The Glossary at the end includes words which might not be easily understood, either because of peculiarity of spelling or because of specialized, archaic, or obsolete meaning.
Tags in Literary Criticism : A Critical Edition of Menaphon Robert Greene & Ardelle Cowie ebook, A Critical Edition of Menaphon Robert Greene & Ardelle Cowie epub, A Critical Edition of Menaphon Robert Greene & Ardelle Cowie AUDIOBOOK, A Critical Edition of Menaphon by Robert Greene & Ardelle Cowie ePub (.epub), A Critical Edition of Menaphon book review, Literary Criticism

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


MediaWiki master
IcuCollation Class Reference
Inherits Collation.
Inherited by CollationCkb.
Collaboration diagram for IcuCollation:
Public Member Functions
 __construct (LanguageFactory $languageFactory, $locale)

 getFirstLetter ( $string)
 Given a string, return the logical "first letter" to be used for grouping on category pages and so on.

 getSortKey ( $string)
 Given a string, convert it to a (hopefully short) key that can be used for efficient sorting.

- Public Member Functions inherited from Collation
 getSortKeys ( $strings)
 Get multiple sort keys.

Static Public Member Functions
static isCjk ( $codepoint)
 Test if a code point is a CJK (Chinese, Japanese, Korean) character.

Protected Attributes
Language $digitTransformLanguage

Detailed Description
Since
1.16.3
Definition at line 26 of file IcuCollation.php.
Constructor & Destructor Documentation
◆ __construct()
IcuCollation::__construct ( LanguageFactory $languageFactory,
$locale )
Parameters
LanguageFactory$languageFactory
string$locale
Definition at line 248 of file IcuCollation.php.
References MediaWiki\Languages\LanguageFactory\getLanguage().
Member Function Documentation
◆ getFirstLetter()
IcuCollation::getFirstLetter ( $string)
Given a string, return the logical "first letter" to be used for grouping on category pages and so on.
This has to be coordinated carefully with convertToSortkey(), or else the sorted list might jump back and forth between the same "initial letters" or other pathological behavior. For instance, if you just return the first character, but "a" sorts the same as "A" based on getSortKey(), then you might get a list like
== A ==
 - [[Aardvark]]
== a ==
 - [[antelope]]
== A ==
 - [[Ape]]
etc., assuming for the sake of argument that $wgCapitalLinks is false.
Since
1.16.3
Parameters
string$stringUTF-8 string
Returns
string UTF-8 string corresponding to the first letter of input
Reimplemented from Collation.
Definition at line 281 of file IcuCollation.php.
References wfMessage().
◆ getSortKey()
IcuCollation::getSortKey ( $string)
Given a string, convert it to a (hopefully short) key that can be used for efficient sorting.
A binary sort according to the sortkeys corresponds to a logical sort of the corresponding strings. Current code expects that a line feed character should sort before all others, but has no other particular expectations (and that one can be changed if necessary).
Since
1.16.3
Parameters
string$stringUTF-8 string
Returns
string Binary sortkey
Reimplemented from Collation.
Definition at line 277 of file IcuCollation.php.
◆ isCjk()
static IcuCollation::isCjk ( $codepoint)
static
Test if a code point is a CJK (Chinese, Japanese, Korean) character.
Parameters
int$codepoint
Returns
bool
Since
1.16.3
Definition at line 478 of file IcuCollation.php.
Member Data Documentation
◆ $digitTransformLanguage
Language IcuCollation::$digitTransformLanguage
protected
Definition at line 39 of file IcuCollation.php.
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:


text:
The detectors that are used at CERN for radiation monitoring are ionization chambers whose output current can vary from 2 fA up to the microampere range.
The need to digitize input currents over a wide dynamic range of 9 decades led to the design of the Utopia (Ultra-low picoammeter) ASIC.
The architecture of an asynchronous current to frequency converter through charge balancing was fully exploited since for lower radiation and equivalently for lower detector current, the measurement time can be increased.
By active leakage current compensation, the front-end is able to measure current as low as 1 fA. The addition of a second reference charge injection circuit gives the possibility to extend the upper measurement range up to the microamperes by keeping a constant acquisition time.
The Utopia (Ultra-low picoammeter) 2 ASIC was fabricated in AMS 0.35 μm technology and has been fully characterized for its low current performance at the Swiss Federal Institute of Metrology (METAS).
The chip is able to digitize currents over more than 9 decades, from 1 fA up to 5 μA. The guidelines set for the design of the ultra-low leakage current converter can be used in any system that targets femtoampere current measurements.


You asked: What is a Kula in yoga?
Kula is a Sanskrit word that can be translated as "community," "clan" or "tribe." This word is sometimes used by the yoga community to denote the sense of inclusion and belonging that can be cultivated through yogis coming together to practice yoga.
What does Kula mean?
: a Melanesian interisland system of exchange in which prestige items (as necklaces and arm shells) are ceremoniously exchanged with a concomitant trade in useful goods — compare exchange sense 1b.
What is Kula in history?
Kula, exchange system among the people of the Trobriand Islands of southeast Melanesia, in which permanent contractual partners trade traditional valuables following an established ceremonial pattern and trade route. …
What is a group of yogis called?
The term, "sangha" was among the dozens of new Sanskrit words I learned during teacher training. … Although it can be loosely defined as "community," the word, sangha, originating in the Buddhist belief, traditionally refers to two very specific types of groups, either 1.
What is the meaning of Kaula?
Kaula, also known as Kula, Kulamārga ("the Kula practice") and Kaulācāra ("the Kaula conduct"), is a religious tradition in Shaktism and Tantric Shaivism characterised by distinctive rituals and symbolism connected with the worship of Shiva and Shakti.
IT IS INTERESTING: Which is the following asana is done in inverted pose?
What is Kula Dharma?
Kula-dharma means if you are a brāhmaṇa, you must observe the regulative principles, the qualitative principles of a brāhmaṇa. (Lecture on Bhagavad-Gita–1:37-39). jāti-dharma means the family tradition that has got different types of responsibilities.
What is Kula flow?
Kula Flow is vinyasa (or flow) style yoga with an emphasis on creativity and alignment. Classes are inventive and thoughtful sequences of sun salutations, standing & seated postures, back bending and inversions – guided by a steady breath to tone and calm the mind.
Where is the Kula ring?
What does Coola mean?
1. ( colloquial) (awesome) (South America) a. cool (colloquial) "Ahora los chicos más cool usan gorra", dijo Micaela.
What is a female yoga teacher called?
Do yogis marry?
Who is the father of yoga?
IT IS INTERESTING: What is a Qigong teacher called?
Lotus position


text:
Estimation of the unsteady lift coefficient of subsonic propeller blades in non-axial inflow.
Abstract:ESDU 96027 provides a program for calculating the unsteady local lift coefficient on an aerofoil section of the blade in subcritical flow. This forms part of the data input required by the propeller noise prediction program introduced in ESDU 11005. The orientation of the propeller axis is described by the Euler angles of yaw and pitch relative to the flight axis. The method is applicable to an aircraft on a straight, steady flight path that need not be horizontal. The input format is explained and a worked example illustrates the format of the output data.
- Aircraft Noise
- Noise Prediction for Aerospace Sources
- Propeller Noise
- Unsteady Aerodynamics
|Data Item ESDU 96027|
This program is only available to subscribers.


text: Systems A, B, and C are classical gases (not necessarily ideal), each with the same number of molecules N ( or same number of moles n if you prefer), where N is constant. We can measure pressures and volumes Pa,Va ; Pb,Vb ; and Pc,Vc for each system. When A and B are in thermal equilibrium, our measurements show that their pressure and volumes satisfy: PbVb-(beta)Pb-(alpha)Vb+(alpha)(beta)-PaVa=0 When A and C are in thermal equilibrium, we find: PcVc-PaVa-((gamma)PaVa)/Pc=0 where (alpha),(beta), and (gamma) are constants. Find the equation relating Pb,Vb and Pc,Vc that is satisfied when system B and C are in thermal equilibrium. Would I just set the equation for AB = AC and move the B and C's to one said and A to the other?


text:
A heterogeneous palladium catalyst, suitable for demonstrating continuous-flow, closed system gas-phase reactions in the classroom or teaching laboratories, is described. The gas reaction catalyst tube consists of an extremely thin coating of palladium atoms dispersed over a square tube-shaped ceramic support. The catalyst reaction tube can be used to demonstrate a wide variety of gas-phase reactions.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Number of pages||6|
|Journal||Journal of chemical education|
|State||Published - Jul 1 2003|
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes


Fashion A-Z
From applique to zippers, a comprehensive dictionary with definitions and
meanings of key fashion vocabulary, written by Camilla Morton.
Piping is a trim or edging formed by sewing a thin strip of folded fabric — typically bias binding — into a narrow tube and attaching it to the edge of a piece of fabric. It can also include cord to give it extra body. Piping is often used to define or reinforce the style lines of a garment.
Pleats are a fold or doubling of fabric that is pressed, ironed or creased into place. (Pleats that are sewn into place are called tucks). There are many varieties, but the side and box pleat are the most common, although they can be accordion, cartridge, circular, curtain, draped, fluted, Fortuny or French. They can be inserte, as well as inverted. Pleats add an even greater fullness to a shape (particularly the skirt). Think Marilyn Monroe over the air vent in 'The 7 Year Itch'.


abduction
(redirected from abductions)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal, Encyclopedia.
Related to abductions: Alien abductions
abduction
 [ab-duk'shun]
the act of abducting; the state of being abducted.
ab·duc·tion
(ab-dŭk'shŭn), Do not confuse this word with adduction. In lecturing and dictation some physicians pronounce the word "A B duction" to avoid ambiguity.
1. Movement of a body part away from the median plane (of the body, in the case of limbs; of the hand or foot, in the case of digits).
2. Monocular rotation (duction) of the eye toward the temple.
3. A position resulting from such movement. Compare: adduction.
Synonym(s): abductio [TA]
[L. abductio]
abduction
/ab·duc·tion/ (ab-duk'shun) the act of abducting; the state of being abducted.
Enlarge picture
Abduction of the fingers.
abduction
Etymology: L, abducere, to take away
movement of a limb away from the midline or axis of the body. abduct, v. Compare adduction.
Abduction
Movement of an extremity on a transverse plane away from the axis or midline, where the axis lies on the frontal and sagittal planes.
abduction
Neurology Movement of an extremity on a transverse plane away from the axis or midline. Cf Adduction.
ab·duc·tion
(ab-dŭk'shŭn)
1. Movement of a body part away from the median plane (of the body, in the case of limbs; of the hand or foot, in the case of digits).
2. Monocular rotation (duction) of the eye toward the temple.
3. A position resulting from such movement.
Compare: adduction
[L. abductio]
abduction
A movement outwards from the mid-line of the body or from the central axis of a limb. The opposite, inward, movement is called ADDUCTION.
Figure 1: The sites of the main nerve centres and descending pathways in the brain and spinal cord that control voluntary movement, represented in diagrammatic sections.
abduction
movement sideways of the arm at the shoulder, of the leg at the hip, of a finger, thumb or toe away from the middle of the hand or foot; abductor a muscle with this action; opposite of adduction. Figure 1.
abduct
; abduction movement away from the median line or sagittal plane
abduction (ab·dukˑ·shn),
n joint movement away from the body along the horizontal plane.
Enlarge picture
Abduction.
abduction
Outward rotation of an eye, that is away from the midline. See duction; Duane's syndrome.
ab·duc·tion
(ab-dŭk'shŭn) Do not confuse this word with adduction.
1. Movement of a body part away from the median plane.
2. Monocular rotation (duction) of the eye toward the temple.
3. A position resulting from such movement.
[L. abductio]
abduction (abduk'shən),
n the process of abducting; opposite of adduction.
abduction
the act of abducting; the state of being abducted. For a digit, the drawing away from the axis of the limb.
References in periodicals archive ?
yesterday introduced a bipartisan resolution designating April as International Parental Child Abduction Month.
Supt Bacon added: "A proportion of these cases involve parental abductions and other cases where the victims and offenders are known to each other, rather than youngsters being 'snatched' off the streets by strangers.
The charity has received a grant from the People's Postcode Lottery to help launch the UK Child Abduction Hub.
An Abduction Revelation" is published by Balboa Press and is available online at Amazon and Barnes and Noble.
It's natural to conduct a thorough investigation if there's even the slightest possibility" of a connection to North Korea's abductions, Ota said at a news conference.
I am determined to achieve the return of all abductees, hunt for the truth of the abductions and secure the handover of abductors under my Cabinet," the prime minister said.
Senate for adopting Resolution 543 on International Parental Child Abduction, and shame on the two senators from Oregon for co-sponsoring it.
It is clear that the abduction issue is part of our concerns.
A neighborhood canvass may cover the area around the victim's residence or last known location--the most recent place the victim was sighted after the initial abduction.
Statistics collected by Reunite suggest that 70 percent of abductions are undertaken by mothers.
Jacobs specializes in the issue of child abduction - an issue of inter-country marriages in which one parent takes a child to their home country and abandons the other parent.
Masami Ito, Outside the 1980 Hague Convention: Japan Remains Safe Haven for Parental Abductions, JAPAN TIMES, Dec.


text:
Teachers' Awareness of Their Diverse Classrooms: The Nature of Elementary Teachers' Reflections on Their Science Teaching Practice
Action in Teacher Education
This multiple case study examined the reflections of elementary teachers as they taught science to English language learners (ELLs). The six participants in this study developed explanations about their science teaching with ELLs as they engaged in reflective practice using video-based tools during a professional development experience. Open coding was used to analyze the data and cross-case comparison identified similarities and differences among the participants' cases. Participants' reflections indicated that knowledge of their students' culture and backgrounds influenced their teaching practices and the focus of their reflections. Themes that emerged from participants' reflections related to navigating the school world, managing the technical classroom, negotiating barriers, nurturing all students, and understanding learning. Findings illustrate the importance of examining teachers' reflective writings in order to develop an understanding of how they use students' backgrounds to inform their teaching practice and how they develop their science teaching practice with ELLs.
Minchew Deatona, Cynthia C., Benjamin Deaton, Thomas R. Koballa Jr..
"Teachers' Awareness of Their Diverse Classrooms: The Nature of Elementary Teachers' Reflections on Their Science Teaching Practice."
Action in Teacher Education, 36 (3): 211-233.


text:
Rejoice Hair Transplant offers the latest and improved version of DHI known as Activated DHT. Our clinic for hair transplant in Mumbai is renowned for providing this procedure developed by our founder Dr. Shankar Sawant.
Doctors performing DHI claim that they use very small size punches. Doctors who acquire experience in FUE techniques use small punches. There are many hair transplant surgeons in Mumbai who are using 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 & 0.9 punches depending on the size of the follicle.
But the size of the punch depends on the size of the follicle. Also, a small-sized punch means good healing. The size of the punch should larger than the size of the hair follicle for taking out the complete hair follicle.
Now, DHI is a very old method and it was invented for the direct implantation of hair. It means the hair grafts/follicles are extracted and immediately implanted.
The purpose of DHI was to reduce the time of hair graft stored outside the body. It was necessary to reduce the ischemia time and prevent the graft from going into a shock after surgery. Well, preserved grafts are accepted by the body which makes the DHI treatment a successful one.
What are the disadvantages of the DHI procedure?
Hair transplant is a time-consuming procedure. It takes a lot of time. DHI demands grafts to be extracted from the backside of the scalp and implanted in the front. During this procedure, it is difficult to maintain the position of both, the patient and the doctor. So it is not possible to cover the large area or implant a large number of grafts.
- Proper cleaning of grafts does not happen in DHI
When grafts are extracted, they are covered with clotted blood. If the grafts are not cleaned properly, they are likely to hamper the blood supply when implanted.
- Strategic placement of grafts is important
All individuals have single hair in the front in their hairline. But in the case of In the DHI treatment, there is no scope for strategic placement. Also, it is necessary to clean and segregate the hair grafts as per the number of hairs such as single, double, triple, etc. This segregation is necessary for getting a natural hairline look and feel which cannot take place during a DHI treatment.
What is activated DHT?
To overcome the disadvantages of DHI, Dr. Shankar Sawant has developed a new technique called Activated DHT.
- In this method, we extract grafts with appropriate size punch (0.7, 0.8 or 0.9) depending on the size of the follicles.
- Once we know grafts are coming out good then we do all punching of grafts. The grafts are left in the hole to ensure that they continue to receive blood supply. This takes care of the ischemia time. In scientific terms, it is known as in-vivo preservation.
- We create slits for single follicles in front than for double follicles and then for triple follicles. This helps in implanting the grafts according to the size of the follicle. This prevents the problem of Cobblestone.
- Activated DHT assures the desired density of hair and is much better than the DHI treatment where only the implantation of the graft is possible without no assurance of the desired density of hair.
- Once the slitting process is over, the punched out grafts are extracted. They are cleaned properly with Ringer Lactate solution to make sure the grafts survive after the implantation. This cleaning of the extracted hair follicles removes the clotting of blood around it and ensures that they receive blood supply and increases their chance of survival.
- After proper cleaning grafts are placed in ATPase solution or PRP solution so that survival of grafts increased. This process is called Activation of the follicle.
- In DHI implantation is done with an implanter which has two major disadvantages –This method cannot give good density because while pushing the implanter surrounding follicles may come out. The use of an implanter increases the cost of the procedure.
Hence we have modified the implantation method –
First, we create a slit with a CTS blade so that minimal trauma is done. We do implantation with a NO ROOT TOUCH technique. In this technique, we do not touch the root of the hair follicle. We hold the follicle at the opposite side of the root (i.e. tip) while implanting. This increases the growth rate as well as the percentage of follicle survival.
Why choose Dr. Shankar Sawant's activated DHT?
- Simple daycare procedure – The patient can return home the same day. It can be done during lunch hours while at work
- Special Procedure invented by Dr. Sawant which promises better results especially dense and fuller hair on the scalp
- The procedure was done by Dr. Sawant and his expert team ensuring the highest safety of the patient
- Use of patient's own hair as hair grafts so the hair match in terms of quality, color, and thickness
- Safe and clinically proven treatment which is relied upon by many board-certified cosmetologist.


text:
When your family newsletter has a theme, it helps keep the information organized and relevant. You don't need to wait for a holiday or big special event to create a newsletter when you use other creative family themes.
Choose one family member to highlight for the entire newsletter. Use a competition theme with images like trophies, medals, or a winner's podium. Add pictures of the family member to the podium and put his or her name on the trophies to personalize.
Pick a fun title like "Smith Family Newsletter: MVP Jim Edition." Then add sections such as:
- Favorite Things: Describe what movies, music, and other activities he enjoys.
- Stats: Offer up the basics of height, current hair color, and age.
- What's New: Let him give an exclusive interview with information on whatever might be new in his home, academic, or social life.
Favorite Movie or TV Show
If your family has been binge watching a particular show or re-watching one movie regularly, use that as inspiration for your newsletter. Replace the faces of the cast with your family member's faces when using images from the show or movie.
Consider options you'd see on a DVD's main menu or parts of a television show as sections:
- Cast: Decide which family member would play each character, and then describe why.
- Main Feature: Highlight the most exciting thing that's been happening for the family recently.
- Sneak Peaks: Offer enticing information about what might appear in next month's newsletter without totally giving it away.
Everyone in your household was likely born in at least a couple different decades. Choose one decade when you were all alive and highlight that, or pick the decade when one person was born. Look for pictures of family members from the decade you chose and clip art images of popular things from that time. For the 1960's you might use a wavy font and peace signs, while the 1990's would warrant a more digital font and neon colors.
Keep all the formatting and content true to the decade.
- Stages of the Decade: Split sections into the early, mid, and late years of the decade and describe a memory or two for each from your family.
- Then and Now: Add pictures of the family then and one now to show the difference.
- Family Timeline: Create a timeline of events related to your family from that decade like births, deaths, or weddings.
- Use lots of question mark graphics and a black and red or purple color scheme to give that mysterious feeling of a magic show.
- If you want to get really tricky, use disappearing ink markers to write secret messages and include the marker readers will need to make the words appear.
- You can also give a fun secretive effect by turning some sections into a scratch-off message by drawing over the words with a white crayon then painting over it with a two-to-one paint and dish soap mixture.
Offer up information readers may not know already know.
- Who Dunnit?: Provide a series of questions about family members followed by a collage that includes a picture of each person. Readers will have to guess which person matches each question.
- Who's Who?: Include a baby picture of each family member to see if readers can guess who's who.
- Answers: Don't forget to include an answer key in the bottom corner. Turn the text upside-down so readers won't see the answers as they read the newsletter.
Text or Instant Message Theme
Give your newsletter a modern technology twist with a messaging theme. Readers will feel like they're actually talking to you via text or instant messenger.
- Format the sections in callout shapes that look like speech or thought bubbles from comic books.
- Embellish with emoji clip art.
- Turn family member photos into emojis by drawing exaggerated facial features on the photographs with permanent markers such as heart eyes or tears.
Take inspiration from popular text abbreviations for each section.
- ROFL (rolling on the floor laughing): Highlight funny moments with a short story recap.
- TTYL (talk to you later): Include contact information for everyone like email addresses, Twitter handles, or Instagram handles.
- YOLO (you only live once): Share stories about unique opportunities or activities.
Add Personality to Family Newsletters
Whether you send one out monthly or annually, family newsletters help relatives near and far stay informed. Give your family newsletter some fun and personality by incorporating a theme that resonates with you.


text:
In January 1895, Norwegian explorers Henrik Bull and Carsten Borchgrevink from the ship Antarctic landed at Cape Adare. Borchgrevink returned to the cape leading his own expedition in 1899 and erected two huts, the first human structures built in Antarctica.
The first buildings erected by Carsten Borchgrevink at Cape Adare were prefabricated of pine by the Norwegian factory Strømmen Trævarefabrikk. These huts are still standing, and the site is recognized internationally as a significant historic site.
As a result of initiatives by the Antarctic Heritage Trust the site with the buildings is registered in the Antarctic Treaty System as an Antarctic Specially Protected Area the highest level of protection available under the terms of the Treaty.
The remains of two Borchgrevink's Hut have also been designated, a Historic Site or Monument, following a proposal by New Zealand and the United Kingdom to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting.


the strength of the source. For a source whose strength is normalized to 1, the result is
 F(\xi) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}}, \,
and the resulting solution of the heat equation is
 u(t,x) = \frac{1}{2\pi} \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-\alpha \xi^2 t} e^{i \xi x} d\xi. \,
This is a Gaussian integral. It may be evaluated to obtain
 u(t,x) = \frac{1}{2\sqrt{\pi \alpha t}} \exp\left(-\frac{x^2}{4 \alpha t} \right). \,
This result corresponds to a normal probability density for x with mean 0 and variance 2αt. The heat equation and similar diffusion equations are useful tools to study random phenomena.
Wave equation in one spatial dimension Edit
The wave equation is an equation for an unknown function u(t, x) of the form
 u_{tt} = c^2 u_{xx}. \,
Here u might describe the displacement of a stretched string from equilibrium, or the difference in air pressure in a tube, or the magnitude of an electromagnetic field in a tube, and c is a number that corresponds to the velocity of the wave. The Cauchy problem for this equation consists in prescribing the initial displacement and velocity of a string or other medium:
 u(0,x) = f(x), \,
 u_t(0,x) = g(x), \,
where f and g are arbitrary given functions. The solution of this problem is given by d'Alembert's formula:
 u(t,x) = \frac{1}{2} \left[f(x-ct) + f(x+ct)\right] + \frac{1}{2c}\int_{x-ct}^{x+ct} g(y)\, dy. \,
This formula implies that the solution at (t,x) depends only upon the data on the segment of the initial line that is cut out by the characteristic curves
 x - ct = \hbox{constant,} \quad x + ct = \hbox{constant}, \,
that are drawn backwards from that point. These curves correspond to signals that propagate with velocity c forward and backward. Conversely, the influence of the data at any given point on the initial line propagates with the finite velocity c: there is no effect outside a triangle through that point whose sides are characteristic curves. This behavior is very different from the solution for the heat equation, where the effect of a point source appears (with small amplitude) instantaneously at every point in space. The solution given above is also valid if t is negative, and the explicit formula shows that the solution depends smoothly upon the data: both the forward and backward Cauchy problems for the wave equation are well-posed.
Spherical waves Edit
Spherical waves are waves whose amplitude depends only upon the radial distance r from a central point source. For such waves, the three-dimensional wave equation takes the form
u_{tt} = c^2 \left[u_{rr} + \frac{2}{r} u_r \right]. \,
This is equivalent to
 (ru)_{tt} = c^2 \left[(ru)_{rr} \right],\,
and hence the quantity ru satisfies the one-dimensional wave equation. Therefore a general solution for spherical waves has the form
 u(t,r) = \frac{1}{r} \left[F(r-ct) + G(r+ct) \right],\,
where F and G are completely arbitrary functions. Radiation from an antenna corresponds to the case where G is identically zero. Thus the wave form transmitted from an antenna has no distortion in time: the only distorting factor is 1/r. This feature of undistorted propagation of waves is not present if there are two spatial dimensions.
Laplace equation in two dimensions Edit
The Laplace equation for an unknown function of two variables φ has the form
\varphi_{xx} + \varphi_{yy} = 0.
Solutions of Laplace's equation are called harmonic functions.
Connection with holomorphic functions Edit
Solutions of the Laplace equation in two dimensions are intimately connected with analytic functions of a complex variable (a.k.a. holomorphic functions): the real and imaginary parts of any analytic function are conjugate harmonic functions: they both satisfy the Laplace equation, and their gradients are orthogonal. If f=u+iv, then the Cauchy–Riemann equations state that
u_x = v_y, \quad v_x = -u_y,\,
and it follows that
u_{xx} + u_{yy} = 0, \quad v_{xx} + v_{yy}=0. \,
Conversely, given any harmonic function in two dimensions, it is the real part of an analytic function, at least locally. Details are given in Laplace equation.
A typical boundary value problem Edit
A typical problem for Laplace's equation is to find a solution that satisfies arbitrary values on the boundary of a domain. For example, we may seek a harmonic function that takes on the values u(θ) on a circle of radius one. The solution was given by Poisson:
\varphi(r,\theta) = \frac{1}{2\pi} \int_0^{2\pi} \frac{1-r^2}{1 +r^2 -2r\cos (\theta -\theta')} u(\theta')d\theta'.\,
Petrovsky (1967, p. 248) shows how this formula can be obtained by summing a Fourier series for φ. If r<1, the derivatives of φ may be computed by differentiating under the integral sign, and one can verify that φ is analytic, even if u is continuous but not necessarily differentiable. This behavior is typical for solutions of elliptic partial differential equations: the solutions may be much more smooth than the boundary data. This is in contrast to solutions of the wave equation, and more general hyperbolic partial differential equations, which typically have no more derivatives than the data.
Euler–Tricomi equation Edit
The Euler–Tricomi equation is used in the investigation of transonic flow.
u_{xx} \, =xu_{yy}.
Advection equation Edit
The advection equation describes the transport of a conserved scalar \psi in a velocity field {\bold u}=(u,v,w). It is:
\psi_t+(u\psi)_x+(v\psi)_y+(w\psi)_z \, =0.
If the velocity field is solenoidal (that is, \nabla\cdot{\bold u}=0), then the equation may be simplified to
\psi_t+u\psi_x+v\psi_y+w\psi_z \, =0.
In the one-dimensional case where u is not constant and is equal to \psi, the equation is referred to as Burgers' equation.
Ginzburg–Landau equation Edit
The Ginzburg–Landau equation is used in modelling superconductivity. It is
iu_t+pu_{xx} +q|u|^2u \, =i\gamma u
where p,q\in\mathbb{C} and \gamma\in\mathbb{R} are constants and i is the imaginary unit.
The Dym equation Edit
The Dym equation is named for Harry Dym and occurs in the study of solitons. It is
u_t \, = u^3u_{xxx}.
Initial-boundary value problems Edit
Πρότυπο:Main Πρότυπο:See
Many problems of mathematical physics are formulated as initial-boundary value problems.
Vibrating string Edit
If the string is stretched between two points where x=0 and x=L and u denotes the amplitude of the displacement of the string, then u satisfies the one-dimensional wave equation in the region where 0<x<L and t is unlimited. Since the string is tied down at the ends, u must also satisfy the boundary conditions
 u(t,0)=0, \quad u(t,L)=0, \,
as well as the initial conditions
 u(0,x)=f(x), \quad u_t(0,x)=g(x). \,
The method of separation of variables for the wave equation
 u_{tt} = c^2 u_{xx}, \,
leads to solutions of the form
 u(t,x) = T(t) X(x),\,
where
 T'' + k^2 c^2 T=0, \quad X'' + k^2 X=0,\,
where the constant k must be determined. The boundary conditions then imply that X is a multiple of sin kx, and k must have the form


QA 8-Aug 12,2011
In the (Mahabharata) war field, Krishna showed Arjuna his Vishwa roopa. When will you show your vishwa roopa?
Sri Sri Ravi Shankar:
The conch has not yet been blown for start of war! Krishna showed the Vishwa roopa only to Arjuna. First you become Arjuna. How to become like Arjun? What is Arjuna? To prayerfully request for knowledge and to progress is Arjuna.


text:
At the beginning of the course we built (recursively in ) two incomparable sets. It follows that and have degrees intermediate between and. The construction required that we fixed finite initial segments of and during an inductive construction in such a way that the sets are given by the union of the initial segments we fix along the way, and so it is not clear whether they are c.e. or not. (A c.e. construction would add elements to a set and we would not have complete control on what is kept out of the set, so we would not be able to go on "fixing" initial segments of the set being constructed, as this requires that we commit to keeping some elements out of it).
Post asked whether there is an intermediate c.e. degree and this was solved by Friedberg and Muchnik using what is now called a finite injury priority construction. We showed this construction; again, 2 incomparable sets and are built and the construction explicitly shows they are c.e. This implies they are not recursive and have degree strictly below.


text:
Conservation Science Division - The award-winning Sonoran Desert Conservation Plan, adopted by the Board in 2002, is Pima County's plan for balancing the conservation of our cultural and natural resources while maintaining an economically vigorous and fiscally responsible community. Conservation Science supports the biological goal of the SDCP, which is to ensure the long-term survival of the full spectrum of indigenous plants and animals, and administration of the County's Multi-species Conservation Plan (MSCP).
Cultural Resources & Historic Preservation Division - Pima County is rich in history, cultural diversity, living traditions, and regional character, all of which define our collective cultural heritage and community identity. Since the 1970s, the Board has actively sought to protect this heritage by working to preserve ancestral Native American sites, historic Spanish Colonial, Mexican, and American sites, historic neighborhoods and buildings, and traditional cultural places, and working landscapes.
Sustainability Programs Division - A sustainable and livable community requires investment in the environment, the economy, and the social fabric without jeopardizing the ability for future generations to do the same. In 2007, the Board adopted Sustainability Initiatives and approved the preparation and implementation of the Pima County Sustainable Action Plan for County Operations, resulting in considerable reduction in energy consumption and cost savings.


text:
An ultra-flexible grouping system
The DemoS grouping unit offers the possibility to freely arrange containers by defining spacings both in the running direction and crosswise. This allows to simply create any grouping in order to meet all production needs.
A simple and efficient way to feed downstream equipments
Once prepared, groupings are delivered on a belt with a very precise positioning.
This belt can directly feed :
- a gripping head for direct case packing in one move,
- the lapping station of a shrink-wrapper,
- a wrap around case packer.
Optimum protection of your containers
The DemoS grouping unit uses comb-shaped guides instead of conventional bar guides. This system ensures a smooth and positive guiding, without friction and without having one container ever pushing another one.
It allows an efficient mechanization of unstable containers with maximum protection of the containers themselves as well as of their labels.
Suitable for high outputs and multiple formats
The DemoS grouping unit can manage up to 100 rows per minute and thus reach an output of 50 000 bph.
A quick set-up process and container turning option at machine's infeed also allow the DemoS grouping unit to manage multiple formats.


Types Following Colons In Channel Definitions?
مؤمّن Types Following Colons In Channel Definitions?
 - 12 September 2010 22:54

 Memiliki Kode
 The Axum Programmer's Guide contains this application:
 using System;
 using Microsoft.Axum;
 using System.Concurrency.Messaging;

 namespace Project06
 {
 schema Pair
 {
 required int Num1;
 required int Num2;
 }

 channel Adder
 {
 input Pair Nums : int;
 }

 agent AdderAgent : channel Adder
 {
 public AdderAgent()
 {
 while(true)
 {
 var result = receive(PrimaryChannel::Nums);
 result <-- result.RequestValue.Num1 + result.RequestValue.Num2;
 }
 }
 }

 agent MainAgent : channel Microsoft.Axum.Application
 {
 public MainAgent()
 {
 var adder = AdderAgent.CreateInNewDomain();
 var correlator1 = adder::Nums <-- new Pair { Num1=10, Num2=20 };
 var correlator2 = adder::Nums <-- new Pair { Num1=30, Num2=40 };
 var sum1 = receive(correlator1);
 Console.WriteLine(sum1);
 var sum2 = receive(correlator2);
 Console.WriteLine(sum2);
 PrimaryChannel::ExitCode <-- 0;
 }
 }
 }

 What is the function of the "int" keyword to the right of the colon in the channel definition?
Semua Balasan
 - 13 September 2010 9:53

 Jawab Memiliki Kode
 Hi Jeff,

 You'll find more about this in the language spec. (p7-8). Basically - and this is paraphrased from the spec. - it binds, more closely, a "reply value" to the port. Notice that in your code you're both sending, using the "<--" operator and receiving, using receive(), on the port Nums. You're only able to do this because we're explicitly saying that Nums has a reply value of type int.
 I am not 100% at which point the relationship is created between the lines:

 var result = receive(PrimaryChannel::Nums);
 result <-- result.RequestValue.Num1 + result.RequestValue.Num2;

 and the port, however. Maybe some one who actually knows can pick this up ;)

 P.S. Jeff, did you get my e-mail?

 - 13 September 2010 21:58

 Thank you, Antony. I'll take a closer look at my code.

 PS. I don't see an email from you, but I welcome it ... send it to JEFFREY DOT FERGUSON AT GMAIL DOT COM for fastest results (note that its jeffREY and not jeffERY).
 - 15 September 2010 3:04
 Moderator

 Anthony's answer is correct -- this is the request-reply port. The receive method returns a correlator, which is a generic type. (This is why you really want to use 'var' here and not write the type explicitly -- it is rather unwieldy)
 Artur Laksberg - MSFT


text:
Analytical Equivalent Circuit Model
Mechanical systems can be converted into electrical circuits by using the analogy between the mechanical and the electrical domains. One way to implement this analogy is to replace the forces in the mechanical domain by voltage sources and velocities by electrical currents. Then, an equivalent circuit of the system is constructed. This method becomes an even more powerful tool for the analysis of electromechanical systems where some parts of the system are already in the electrical domain. For example, equivalent circuit analysis is successfully used for piezoelectric transducers for their design and optimization.
Recently, the equivalent circuit model was employed for the characterization of CMUTs [2, 3]. Fig. 1 shows the equivalent circuit for a CMUT transducer. In the electrical part, C0 is the clamped capacitance of the device at the bias voltage. Spring softening capacitance and the mechanical membrane impedance constitute the mechanical part. The two parts are coupled together through an electromechanical transformer.
Compared to the FEM, the equivalent circuit provides quick solutions for many analyses. For example, collapse voltage is one of the critical parameters of a CMUT device. It may very well take about several hours to calculate the collapse voltage of a specific design. Therefore, there is a need for a fast, yet reliable, design tool. We have developed software, specifically for the CMUT, that outputs most of the important parameters, within an acceptable error margin for most of the practical cases. For example, compared to FEM, this software is capable of calculating the collapse voltage in couple of seconds with less than five percent error. The heart of this software is the ability to find the static displacement profile of the CMUT membrane under a uniform pressure (i.e. atmospheric pressure) and a specific DC voltage. It relies on plate theory to find the exact displacement profile. The calculated profile using this software matches very well the result of FEM simulation. For dynamic simulations, this software uses the well-known equivalent circuit models, depicted in Fig. 1. The value of parameters associated with CMUT in these circuit models (i.e. C0, n and Zmem) are calculated using the displacement profile of the membrane and plate theory. Using these circuits, it is easy to find the input impedance, output pressure, output receive signal, signal-to-noise ratio, etc.
FIGURE 1. (a) Equivalent circuit model of CMUT in transmit. (b) Equivalent circuit model of CMUT in receive. R s: Source Impedance, L TUN: Tuning Inductance, C P,S: Parasitic Series Capacitance, R P,S: Parasitic Series Resistance, R P,P: Parasitic Parallel Resistance, C P,P: Parasitic Parallel Capacitance, C 0: Device Capacitance, n: Electromechanical Conversion Factor, Z mem: Membrane Mechanical Impedance, R loss: Mechanical Loss, Z med: Medium Impedance, C amp: Amplifier Input Capacitance, R amp: Amplifier Input Resistance.
 Mason WP, "Electromechanical Transducers and Wave Filters". New York, NY: Van Nostrand, 1948.
 Ladabaum I, Jin X, Soh HT, Atalar A, and Khuri-Yakub BT, "Surface Micromachined Capacitive Ultrasonic Transducers," IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, vol. 45, pp. 678-690, May 1998.
 Khuri-Yakub BT, Cheng CH, Degertekin FL, Ergun S, Hansen S, Jin XC, and Oralkan Ö, "Silicon Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers," Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 39, pp. 2883-2887, 2000.
 A. Nikoozadeh, B. Bayram, G. G. Yaralioglu, and B. T. Khuri-Yakub, "Analytical calculation of collapse voltage of CMUT membrane", Proc. IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, Vol. 1, Aug. 2004, pp. 256-259.


text:
Standard Test Method for Determining Vapor Pressure by Thermal Analysis
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determination of the vapor pressure of pure liquids or melts from boiling point measurements made using differential thermal analysis (DTA) or differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) instrumentation operated at different applied pressures.
1.2 this test method may be used for the temperature range 273 to 773 K (0 to 500 degrees C) and for the pressures between 5 kPa to 2 MPa. These ranges may differ depending upon the instrumentation used and the thermal stability of materials tested. Because a range of applied pressures is required by this test method, the analyst is best served by use of instrumentation referred to as high pressure differential thermal instrumentation (HPDSC or HPDTA).
1.3 Computer or electronic-based instruments, techniques, or data treatment equivalent to this test method may also be used. Users of this test method are expressly advised that all such instruments or techniques may not be equivalent. It is the responsibility of the user of this test method to determine the necessary equivalency prior to use. In the case of dispute, only the manual procedures are to be considered valid.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Formato físico y digital
Nota: Precios sin IVA ni gastos de envío
Añadir a la cesta


text:
Entrepreneurship in the Social Sector
SAGE Publications Inc
Jane C. Wei-Skillern
Publication Date :
1 Jan 2007
Written for students and practitioners of social entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship in the Social Sector is about the opportunity and challenge of applying leadership skills and entrepreneurial talents creatively and appropriately to create social value. This book spans a range of social enterprise activity, using international examples from nonprofit-making to social purpose for-profits settings, with a primary focus on the social entrepreneurial process itself. This casebook is designed to develop knowledge and skills for creating, leading, or supporting social purpose organizations and to achieving maximum impact through social entrepreneurship.


text: 3D model robot clock. The model you can change the location of the dial, hands on, tuned the rigging of his two limbs. The dimensions of the model are ash 135,442 cm, width as Y 103, height _Z 162,733 see In the model used texture 215 to 215, 2694 and 2696 in 2000 to 2000 pixels in jpeg format. A metric unit of measure in which the model was created, centimeters. All geometry consists of squares and triangles in the model have customized materials metal, glass and illumination, with a corresponding gloss and relief, suitable for vray 2.4. The scene includes only the model itself is no the cameras are not light sources. The model is designed for use in the creation of interjero. The model is saved in a separate layer with the corresponding correct name.


text: A strange mesa really stands out on the red planet on Valentine's Day. So does a pit that extends more than a mile in length. The heart-shaped landforms are among thousands of bizarre features spied by the Mars Global Surveyor, a NASA satellite that has conducted photo shoots of the planet for more than four years. The light-colored heart, a mesa in the south polar region, is about 255 meters (279 yards) across, according to NASA. The presence of the mesa suggests that a layer of brighter material once covered the rougher, darker terrain around it.


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I am currently logged in on my Linux system and i want to output my Linux password and username on my terminal, what commands i need to write and in which file it is stored and how i can retrieve it?
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marked as duplicate by Mitch, belacq, Basharat Sialvi, Radu Rădeanu, aquaherd Jun 9 '13 at 12:56
Why do you need to do this? – jackweirdy Jun 8 '13 at 16:03
3 Answers 3
In short: you can't find out what your password is.
Although it's stored in the file /etc/shadow, it's stored in a "protected" format called a hash. It's like a baked cake is to a set of ingredients, there's no way to get the flour back out of the cake.
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+1 for the cake analogy. – James May 2 at 16:51
The passwords are not stored anywhere on the system at all. What is stored in /etc/shadow are so called hashes of the passwords.
A hash of some text is created by performing a so called one way function on the text (password), thus creating a string to check against. By design it is "impossible" (computationally infeasible) to reverse that process.
What can be done is to try a "brute force" attack - by hashing a lot of possible passwords until the outcome equals the found hash. There is no other way, you cannot compute a text (=password) that matches the hash you have.
There are several algorithms to create hashes, they differ in complexity, length of the hash, probability/possibility of so called collisions (two different texts have the same hash, which eventually must happen if the hash is shorter than the original text).
Typical current algorithms are
 - MD5
 - SHA-1 (also called SHA)
both should not be used for cryptographic/security purposes any more!!
 - SHA-256
 - SHA-512
 - SHA-3 (KECCAK was announced the winner in the competition for a new federal approved hash algorithm in October 2012) - not used in Ubuntu yet.
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As you know from other answers you can't see your password. Let me explain why. Design where passwords are stored in their normal form (it's called plain) isn't very secure (not only for operating systems) because if list of such passwords falls into hands of malicious person, he can log in instantly, since list of user names is usually easy to retrieve (in Linux from /etc/passwd file). That's why hash functions are used instead. These are one-way functions - you can create hash based on value but you can't create value based on hash. If malicious person gets a list of hash values he can't retrieve actual passwords from them (or at least it's more difficult) and user still can login - when he passes his password, it's translated to hash and compared with stored value.
Once in a while you can heard that someone hacked some website and get passwords or that some list of passwords leaked somewhere. If those were stored in plain text, attacker got instant access to some accounts. If those were hashed he had to break them first. It means more trouble for him and more time for reaction like changing a password to a new one. Linux (and any Unix based system) follows this design and that's why you can't print your password in any other way that hashed - only if you have root user privileges and can read /etc/shadow file.
To print your username, type whoami.
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text:
File Type Groups
From Xojo Documentation
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Your desktop apps may need to prompt users to select or save files. You use File Types to identify the types of files that can be selected or the types of files that are saved, which determines how the OS and other apps can use them.
File Types are created in File Type Groups using the File Type Group Editor. The File Type Group Editor lets you create common file types (file such as text, PNG, JPG, etc.) or custom file types (which are owned by your app).
Using Common File Types
A common file type is a standard file type that your app uses, but does not own. This may be file types such as png or standard text files. Your app may be able open and even create these type of files, but it is not the owner of the file.
To add a common file type to a File Type Group, choose the Add Common File Type button on the command bar for the File Type Group and choose the one you want. This populates a file type with the necessary information which you should not need to change.
After adding the PNG common file type you can now you can refer to the file type to prompt the user to open a PNG file. This code prompts the user for a file and then assigns it to a Picture property that is displayed in a Canvas:
pngFile = FolderItem.ShowOpenFileDialog(ImageFileTypeSet.Png)
If pngFile <> Nil Then
PNGImage = Picture.Open(pngFile)
You can also create your own PNG files. This code saves a PNG file containing a red circle:
redCircle.Graphics.DrawingColor = &cff0000
redCircle.Graphics.FillOval(0, 0, 100, 100)
Var savePNG As FolderItem
savePNG = FolderItem.ShowSaveFileDialog(ImageFileTypeSet.Png, "RedCircle.png")
If savePNG <> Nil Then
Because this is definite as a PNG, the default system icon for PNG is used and displayed when viewing the PNG in the system file viewer.
Using Custom File Types
A custom file type is a file type where you specify all its properties. For standard file types, you should use a common file type rather than creating your own custom file type. Often you will create a custom file type for file types that your app owns. These are files that your app creates and ones that your app can also open and edit.
Once you have specified a custom File Type, files saved by your app for that type will display the custom icon you specified. Your app will also be launched when the user opens the file (usually be double-clicking it), but the user can change that behavior in the OS itself.
This sample File Type (in a File Type Group called XojoTextFileTypeGroup) is used in the code below:
The Identifier, Conforms To, Mime Types and macOS Types fields are only used by macOS.
Now that you have the file type specified properly, you can use it to save files of that type. When you prompt the user for the file to save, include the file type from above. This code is in the Action event handler of a Save button on a Window:
Var output As TextOutputStream
f = FolderItem.ShowSaveFileDialog(XojoTextFileTypeGroup.XojoText, "SampleFile.xojotext")
If f <> Nil then
output = TextOutputStream.Create(f)
You can also use the SaveAsDialog class for more control of the user file dialog.
On Mac, the saved file will use the icon from the file type, although it's possible the icon does not appear immediately for the associated file. The Finder does not always have time to inspect the app for file types when you are running directly from the IDE. You can always try leaving the debug app running for longer or try building your app and then navigating to its folder. Refer to Troubleshooting for more information.
On Windows, your app installer needs to create Registry entries to set an associated file icon and allow opening of documents to automatically launch the app. For more information on this refer to the sample Inno Setup Scripts for 32-bit and 64-bit apps.
When you prompt the user for a file to open, you can also include the file type so that the user can only choose your app's files. This method loads the text from the file and displays it in a Text Field:
Var file As FolderItem = f
Var input As TextInputStream
If file Is Nil Then
// Prompt user for file to open
file = FolderItem.ShowOpenFileDialog(XojoTextFileTypeGroup.XojoText)
If file <> Nil Then
input = TextInputStream.Open(file)
EditArea.Text = input.ReadAll
It is called from the Action event handler of an Open button on the Window:
You can also use the OpenDialog class for more control of the user file dialog.
If you need to specify multiple file types, you can just concatenate them like this:
Lastly, when the user double-clicks on one of your app's files1, your app will be launched and provided a FolderItem to the file. You'll get this information in the App.OpenDocument event handler, where you can process the file. You will need to have a built app for the OS to launch in order to test this functionality. This code creates a new window and loads the text file into it by calling the method shown above:
The OpenDocument method is also called when the file is dragged onto the app icon (which launches the app) or onto the Dock icon (on macOS).
1On Windows, your app installer needs to create Registry entries to set an associated file icon and allow opening of documents to automatically launch the app. For more information on this refer to UserGuide:Inno Setup Script (64-bit apps) and UserGuide:Inno Setup Script (32-bit apps). Also watch the Windows Installers video.
Referencing File Types
In addition to the direct ways to refer to a specific file type as shown in the examples above, there are also ways you can also refer to multiple file types. Suppose you create a File Type Set called ImageTypes in which you specify all of the valid image types that your application can open. You can specify the entire list of image types with a line such as:
If you need to add or remove image file types, your can simply modify the File Type Group and this line of code will automatically refer to the new members of the group.
If you have just a single file type, you can refer to its name directly:
If your File Type Group has multiple file types, you can concatenate them:
On macOS, Apple provides some tips to help troubleshoot File Type (UTI) settings:
In particular, some useful commands are:
|mdimport -d1 ||Tells you what UTI it thinks this file conforms to.|
|mdimport -d2 ||Tells you what meta data is imported for this file. Look for kMDItemContentTypeTree to see the hierarchy it thinks this file conforms to.|
For anyone with many versions of Xojo installed there will be lots of entries as some will have been imported by the old Spotlight Importer and other things. To test, it is often easier to create a new user account that has never had Xojo installed before using these commands.
Per Apple, apps need to be registered in order for them to be known to macOS so that their file type settings work. This is normally taken care of automatically in these situations:
- A built-in background tool, run whenever the system is booted or a new user logs in, automatically searches the Applications folders in the system, network, local, and user domains and registers any new applications it finds there.
- The Finder automatically registers all apps as it becomes aware of them, such as when they are dragged onto the user's disk or when the user navigates to a folder containing them.
- When the user attempts to open a document for which no preferred app can be found in the Launch Services database, the Finder presents a dialog asking the user to select an app with which to open the document. It then registers that app before launching it.
For more information refer to the official Apple Launch Services Concepts document.
Create the MIME type:
sudo -H gedit /etc/mime.types and add the line application/x-xojotext xojotext
Add the icon (which must be called application-x-xojotext.svg):
sudo cp PathToIcon/application-x-xojotext.svg /usr/share/icons/gnome/scalable/mimetypes
(don't forget to replace PathToIcon with the actual path to your icon)


text:
RIVERSIDE, Calif. – Biologists at the University of California, Riverside have found that voluntary activity, such as daily exercise, is a highly heritable trait that can be passed down genetically to successive generations.
Working on mice in the lab, they found that activity level can be enhanced with "selective breeding" – the process of breeding plants and animals for particular genetic traits. Their experiments showed that mice that were bred to be high runners produced high-running offspring, indicating that the offspring had inherited the trait for activity.
"Our findings have implications for human health," said Theodore Garland Jr., a professor of biology, whose laboratory conducted the multi-year research. "Down the road people could be treated pharmacologically for low activity levels through drugs that targeted specific genes that promote activity. Pharmacological interventions in the future could make it more pleasurable for people to engage in voluntary exercise. Such interventions could also make it less comfortable for people to sit still for long periods of time."
In humans, activity levels vary widely from couch-potato-style inactivity to highly active athletic endeavors.
"We have a huge epidemic of obesity in Western society, and yet we have little understanding of what determines variation among individuals for voluntary exercise levels," Garland said.
Study results appear online Sept. 1 in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
The researchers began their experiments in 1993 with 224 mice whose levels of genetic variation bore similarity to those seen in wild mouse populations. The researchers randomly divided the base population of mice into eight separate lines – four lines bred for high levels of daily running, with the remaining four used as controls – and measured how much distance the mice voluntarily ran per day on wheels attached to their cages.
With a thousand mice born every generation and four generations of mice each year, the researchers were able to breed highly active mice in the four high-runner lines by selecting the highest running males and females from every generation to be the parents of the next generation. In the control lines, breeders were chosen with no selection imposed, meaning that the mice either changed or did not change over time purely as a result of random genetic drift.
By studying the differences among the replicate lines, the researchers found that mice in the four high-runner lines ran 2.5-3-fold more revolutions per day as compared with mice in the four control lines. They also found that female and male mice evolved differently: females increased their daily running distance almost entirely by speed; males, on the other hand, increased speed but they also ran more minutes per day.
The study is an example of an "experimental evolution" approach applied rigorously to a problem of biomedical relevance. Although this approach is common with microbial systems and fruit flies, it has rarely been applied to vertebrates due to their longer generation times and greater costs of maintenance. The results of such studies can inform biologists about fundamental evolutionary processes as well as "how organisms work" in a way that may lead to new therapeutic strategies.
"This study of experimental evolution confirms some previous observations and raises new questions," said Douglas Futuyma, a distinguished professor of ecology and evolution at Stony Brook University, New York, who was not involved in the research. "It shows that 'there are many ways to skin a cat': different ways in which a species may evolve a similar adaptive characteristic – running activity, in this case. Garland and coauthors go further by beginning to explore the detailed ways in which an adaptive feature, such as muscle size or metabolic rate, may be realized and by showing sex differences in the response to selection. It would be fascinating to know, and challenging to find out, if any one of these different responses is adaptively better than others."
Garland was joined in the research by Scott Kelly, Jessica Malisch, Erik Kolb, Robert Hannon, Brooke Keeney, Shana Van Cleave and Kevin Middleton, all of whom work in his lab.
The study was supported primarily by a grant to Garland from the National Science Foundation.
Details of the experimental set-up
The mice run on wheels attached to their cages. Wheel running is a completely voluntary behavior for the mice. They can sit in their cages and not run at all. If they do run, they can get off the wheels at any time. For the experiments, each mouse was given access to the wheels for only six days of their lives. A computer recorded every minute how much distance (revolutions) the mice ran for the six days. The researchers selected breeders depending on how much distance the mice ran on days 5 and 6.
About Theodore Garland Jr.
Garland received his doctoral degree in biological sciences from UC Irvine. Before joining UCR in 2001, he was a faculty member at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He is trained in comparative physiology and evolutionary biology, as well as quantitative genetics with emphasis on exercise physiology. He is co-editor of Experimental evolution: concepts, methods, and applications of selection experiments (University of California Press, 2009). On the editorial boards of several scientific journals, he is the author/coauthor of nearly 200 peer-reviewed publications.
The University of California, Riverside (_URL_) is a doctoral research university, a living laboratory for groundbreaking exploration of issues critical to Inland Southern California, the state and communities around the world. Reflecting California's diverse culture, UCR's enrollment of about 18,000 is expected to grow to 21,000 students by 2020. The campus is planning a medical school and has reached the heart of the Coachella Valley by way of the UCR Palm Desert Graduate Center. The campus has an annual statewide economic impact of more than $1 billion.
A broadcast studio with fiber cable to the AT&T Hollywood hub is available for live or taped interviews. To learn more, call (951) UCR-NEWS.
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Normally when you see a student enter the class, he moves past the first bench without even giving it a glance. Why is that? What is so scary about seating in the first bench? Services such as college homework help believe that it is a way of conveying the message that they are much more than mere book worms. FIRSTBENCHER.COM wishes to enlighten seekers of the question of what has created a gap between the first bench and the student.
- When a student is in the seat of the first bench, the only view he is entitled to is that of the teacher and the board, which seems to let the class last longer than it is supposed to.
- The first benchers are the geeky group of the class, who are considered to be boring and honestly they are not invited to the cool parties and trips.
- When you come to the class with mischievous intentions then the first bench never forms the part of the plan.
- The last benchers do not receive much focus and are out of the monitoring zone of the teacher. They can sleep or just fool around and if there is a back door to the class, they can escape after the attendance.
- If you are one of those students who always fail to do their homework and are not very fond of the idea of taking down notes then the last bench is your area.
- The first bench students are treated like minions of the teacher; they are asked to collect the notes, erase the blackboard, announce notices and often asked to carry the stuff for her.
- The first benchers ought to be attentive all the time and if they are not they get in trouble such as detention.
- The last benchers have the best view of the class; they can draw peculiar pictures of the teachers, the geeky students and even pass around funny notes.
- The teachers generally know the care-free attitude of the last benchers and avoid asking questions from them because that would only put a dent in their duty of completing the course on time.
The most basic reason of avoiding the first bench is that students do not want to come across as a dork to their friends and classmates. The true experience of the class is enjoyed by the last benchers because they remember the class not just for the studies but also for the pranks and fun they did. The irony is last benchers achieve better in life than the first benchers because the easy way to get things done which involves entertainment as well. The students look for reliable sources of accounting homework help services that can help them with their complex homework and also search for professional essay writers to make their essay come across as insightful. The best of the class is enjoyed by the last benchers because they will be leaving the institution with memories and knowledge.
Contact FIRSTBENCHER.COM to make your educational life easier.


text: Changes in precipitation can be expected to have a major influence on the frequency and severity of flooding in the Taihu Basin. As part of an integrated assessment of flood risk in the Taihu Basin, this paper addresses the hydrological conditions and the potential impacts of climate change on Taihu Lake water levels. The hydrological system is simulated by using the distributed hydrological model VIC (Variable Infiltration Capacity), with future climate scenarios generated by the regional climate model PRECIS (Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies). The results indicate that maximum and mean flood water levels under the A2 and B2 scenarios for 2021–2050 will be higher than the levels during the baseline period (1961–1990), with larger increases under the B2 scenario than for the A2 scenario. The storm return periods leading to extreme water levels in the Taihu Lake in the future is projected to decrease significantly in comparison to the baseline period, implying the potential for the more frequent occurrence of major floods. These results indicate the importance of planning for future flood control in the Taihu Basin.


text:
Start by taking a look at and downloading our online Installation Manual: installation manual for residential garage doors.
Here are some common situations you might encounter:
- The door is very heavy and only goes halfway up The torsion spring(s) were installed backwards. Reverse the position of the tube and spring(s). Review Step 5 in the manual.
- The door opens very fast but is difficult to lower. The spring(s) are wound too tight. Adjust the tension. Review Steps 5 or 5.1, depending on the spring type.
- The door closes quickly but is heavy to raise. The spring(s) are not wound tight enough. Adjust the tension. Review Steps 5 or 5.1, depending on the spring type.
- The door works well, but goes back up when it's 2 to 3 inches from the threshold of the door. The spring(s) are a little too tight Adjust the tension. Review Steps 5 or 5.1, depending on the spring type.
- The door doesn't close squarely on the floor. The floor isn't level compared to the vertical tracks. If it is a problem with the floor, the threshold must be corrected to be level.
- The door is difficult to open at the beginning of its cycle. The exterior frame weatherstripping is too tight. Loosen it and move it a bit away from the door (the base of the weatherstripping should be about ½" from the door).
- The door is difficult to open at the end of its cycle. The horizontal tracks are not perpendicular to the axis of the door. To check, use a tape measure and Figure 17 in the manual.
- The top section doesn't close completely. Adjust the position of the upper support (see Figure 16 in the manual).
If you encounter any other problems, please contact us.


text:
The Dwarf Cassowary, Casuarius bennetti, also known as the Bennett's Cassowary, Little Cassowary, Mountain Cassowary, or Mooruk, is the smallest of the three species of cassowaries.
The scientific name commemorates the Australian naturalist George Bennett. He was the first scientist to examine these birds after a few were brought to Australia aboard a ship. Recognising them as representing a new species of cassowary, he sent specimens back to England where this was confirmed. On the west side of Greevink Bay, western Irian, there exist a distinctive form that may merit a split. C. papuanus is the tentative name. Finally there are no officially recognized sub-species, however, some authors believe there should be.
It is a large, at between 99 to 135 centimetres (3.2"?4.4 ft) tall and 18 kilograms (40 lb), flightless bird with hard and stiff black plumage, a low triangular casque, pink cheek and red patches of skin on its blue neck. The feet are large and powerful, equipped with dagger-like claws on the inner toe. Both sexes are similar. Females have longer casques, brighter bare skin color and are larger in size.
Range and habitat
The Dwarf Cassowary is distributed throughout mountain forests of New Guinea, New Britain and Yapen Island, at elevations up to 3,300 m (10,800 ft). In areas without other species of cassowaries, it will live in the lowlands also. Its diet consists mainly of fallen fruits and small animals, and insects. A solitary bird, it pairs only in breeding season.
Due to ongoing habitat loss, habitat degradation, being hunted for food, and often being kept in captivity, the Dwarf Cassowary is evaluated as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, with an occurrence range of 258,000 km2 (100,000 sq mi).
- ^ a b BirdLife International (2008)
- ^ a b c d e f Davies, S. J. J. F. (2003)
- ^ Gotch, A. F. (1995)
- ^ Avibase 2009
- ^ Brands, S. (2008)
- ^ Clements, J (2007)
- ^ BirdLife International (2008)(a)


An 1865 kg airplane starts at rest on an airport runway at sea level. (a) What is the change in mechanical energy of the airplane if it climbs to a cruising altitude of 2420 m and maintains a constant speed of 96.5 m/s? (b) What cruising speed would the plane need this altitude if its increase in kinetic energy is to be equal to its increase in potential energy?


text:
Ireland Facts: Irish Words and Meanings Explained
Search Ireland Fun Facts:
Lots of modern expressions originated in old Ireland. Here's an explanation of where some of them came from, and some modern words that related to very old Gaelic words.
Handfasting is an ancient Celtic custom, once practiced in Ireland and Scotland, where a bride and groom came together at the start of their marriage. Their hands (their wrists, actually) were literally tied together. The term "tying the knot" as a description of getting married traces to this custom.
- Some historians believe the song "The Twelve Days of Christmas" originated in 16th century Ireland and England. It was supposedly designed to help young Christians remember Church teachings, at a time when Catholicism was strictly outlawed in both countries. The "partridge in a pear tree" represents Jesus, the "two turtle doves" represent the old and new
testaments, and the twelve days are the days between Christmas and the Epiphany. Some argue, however, that the song originated in France.
- IRELAND FACTS: WHERE TO DRINK IN PRIVATE..."The Snug" is a small private room in older, traditional Irish pubs, often favored by ladies.
- The term "Emerald Isle" first appeared in a poem called "Erin," written in 1795 by William Drennan.
"Sean-Nos" is a highly ornamental style of a capella (no instrumental accompaniment) singing that came mainly from the west Galway region, and which is still practiced by many Celtic singers today. Sean Nos translates, literally, into "old style."
- In the 17th century, a command to "Hang the harpers wherever found" was given by Queen Elizabeth, who wanted to extinguish all aspects of Irish culture.
"Hibernia" is the name ancient Romans called Ireland. It may come from the word "hibernus," which simply translates as "wintry." Some, however, say it comes "Ivernia," a latin version of "Erin," Ireland's mythological name. The Romans never managed to make Ireland a part of their empire.
Irish Naming Patterns
In case you're wondering which relative to name your kids after, here are the traditional naming patterns from old Ireland:
1st son: Named after father's father / 1st daughter after mother's
2nd son: named after mother's father / 2nd daughter after father's mother
3rd son: named after the father / 3rd daughter after the mother
4th son: named after father's eldest brother / 4th daughter after mother's eldest
- Though it's only one of many theories, there are those who believe the term "put the kabash" on something comes from an old Irish phrase "cie bais," which means "cap of death."
- IRELAND FACT: DEADLY CASTLES...Irish castles and town houses often have a lobby inside the front door called a "murder hole," with an opening in the ceiling that defenders could use to shoot at or pour hot liquids onto unwanted guests.
The term "hillbilly" was first used in America to describe the immigrants from Northern Ireland, mostly Presbyterian, who came in the 18th century. The name had been attached to them back in Ireland since the 1600's, when southern Irish catholics started calling Protestant supporters of King William "hillbillys" or "billy boys."
The Phrase "by hook or by crook" allegedly comes from a military campaign by English bad guy Oliver Cromwell, who in 1649 planned to attack Waterford by taking ships around Hook Head or marching through the village of Crooke. Some say Richard DeClare, Earl of Pembroke first used the expression to describe his invasion way back in 1170. Cromwell failed,
while DeClare succeeded in capturing Waterford.
- "Fianna Fail," the name of Ireland's ruling party, means "Soldiers of Destiny" in English.
- A jaunting car is a traditional Irish horse-drawn vehicle with two wheels, which can carry four passengers and is driven by a man called a "jarvey."
- A "planxty" is a song composed for a specific patron.
"English follows the roads" (leanann an Bearla an tearr) was a popular expression in Ireland's rural west during the early 1800's. It referred to the large-scale building of new roads (and whole towns) in the countryside, which brought more English-speaking people to areas where only Irish language had been spoken previously.
- "Beyond the pale," an expression used to describe outrageous behavior, originated in Ireland in the 14th century. The Pale was the area of Ireland under heavy British control. People living in areas outside it were considered wild and outlandish.
- A "Slane" is a long, slim blade used for cutting turf.
"Black Irish" people, who have black hair and swarthy skin, are thought to descend from sailors of the Spanish Armada, who came ashore when two of their ships were wrecked off Spanish Point (County Clare) in 1588. Read "Solitude on Spanish Point
- The word "slogan" comes from the Irish sluagh-ghairm, which means "war cry."
- The ball used in the game of hurling is called a sliothar (slit-or). The stick players carry is called a "hurl," or "hurley" and the wide part at the top of the stick is called the "boss." Carrying the sliothar on the boss while running along is called "soloing." Read "An American Goes Hurling
The common prefixes of "Mac" and "O" in Irish family names translate, respectively, into "son of..." and "grandson of..." in Gaelic.
- The word "galore" comes from the Irish go leor, which means "enough" or "plenty."
The Gaelic way of saying "Merry Christmas" is "Nollaig Shona Duit." The pronounciation is "null-ig hun-a dit."
- The rocky region in County Clare known as "The Burren" is one of few "karst" areas (a limestone area covered with caves, fissures and underground streams), so named for a similar area in Slovenia. The Burren is famous for its explosion of windflowers in springtime.
- Until recent times, Irish farmers called a young pig a "bonnif," a term also used by farmers in Newfoundland.
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