text:
Answer to Question #1856 Submitted to "Ask the Experts"
Category: Policy, Guidelines, and Regulations
The following question was answered by an expert in the appropriate field:
Where would I find information regarding state regulations for radiation protective garments, such as a lead apron? Is this a state-regulated item? Does the Food and Drug Administration set the guidelines?
Regulations vary from state to state regarding protective garments such as lead aprons. Since a particular state was not specified in your question, a list of contacts for each state radiation control program can be found at the Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors website. For example, Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana all have similar requirements for possession and use of lead aprons for gonadal shielding and for shielding of individuals present in radiographic and fluoroscopy rooms. However, details and thickness requirements vary from state to state, and none of the states mentioned above lists requirements for testing intervals of protective garments. Information on lead aprons and recommendations for testing them are given below.
Ken "Duke" Lovins, MS, CHP
Lead Apron Inspection
Lead aprons are used in medical facilities to protect workers and patients from unnecessary radiation exposure from diagnostic radiology procedures. Due to standards set forth by the Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO), health care organizations must perform inspections on medical equipment, including lead aprons. The JCAHO standard does not dictate inspection frequency, method, or rejection criteria. This allows facilities to develop their own policies and procedures to evaluate their lead aprons. Typically, a facility will perform an inspection of each apron on an annual basis. Some facilities choose to survey their aprons on a more frequent basis, such as every six months. This may be recommended if aprons are heavily used and/or are not always properly stored after use (folded or piled up instead of placed on a hanger). The inspection consists of a visual check to look for obvious tears, cuts, or rips, etc., and a check using x rays to verify the shielding integrity of the apron. For facilities that have fluoroscopy, the apron is placed on the table and checked using the automatic brightness control. This is usually a fairly simple procedure since the equipment will adjust itself to "see through" the apron. Using fluoroscopy, defects such as pinholes, cracks, and tears show up as very bright (white) areas. If fluoroscopy is not available, then a radiographic unit may be used to x ray the apron one section at a time. In this method, a film cassette is placed under a part of the apron and an appropriate exposure is made and the film is examined for defects in the apron. On film, defects show up as very dark areas. For either method, try x raying over the seams to see the rows of pinholes caused by sewing the edge onto the apron. This will show that holes, etc., that go all the way through the apron will be very obvious (due to the extreme contrast seen). There are two recent articles that address lead aprons (referenced below). One addresses implementing an inspection program and includes techniques for testing aprons, and the other proposes a rejection criteria based on effective dose equivalent (essentially, whole-body dose based on dose to various critical organs).
Answer posted on 1 May 2002. The information and material posted on this website is intended as general reference information only. Specific facts and circumstances may alter the concepts and applications of materials and information described herein. The information provided is not a substitute for professional advice and should not be relied upon in the absence of such professional advice specific to whatever facts and circumstances are presented in any given situation. Answers are correct at the time they are posted on the Website. Be advised that over time, some requirements could change, new data could be made available, or Internet links could change. For answers that have been posted for several months or longer, please check the current status of the posted information prior to using the responses for specific applications.
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Chesapeake Bay Model Study for Calvert Cliffsby Lawrence C. Neale, (F.ASCE), Dir.; Alden Res. Labs. of Worcester Polytechnic Inst., Worcester, MA,
Serial Information: Journal of the Power Division, 1971, Vol. 97, Issue 4, Pg. 827-839
Document Type: Journal Paper
A hydraulic model study was conducted to study the warm water effluent from the proposed nuclear power plant at Calvert Cliffs on Chesapeake Bay. The intake structure and discharge structure configurations were developed in part through the model study. Basically, a deep water intake and a subsurface jet discharge was the result of all studies. Results of the studies were displayed as a series of plots showing plan view isotherms at several depths including the water surface. Plots of temperatures on various vertical sections were also presented to indicate the depth distribution of temperature. The maximum observed surface temperature was a 4°F increase outside of a small local area near the plant outlet, while differential temperatures of less than 0.5°F were observed at considerable distance from the plant site.
Subject Headings: Model analysis | Bays | Cliffs | Hydraulic models | Temperature distribution | Power plants | Water surface | Water intakes | Water discharge | Hydro power
Services: Buy this book/Buy this article
Return to search

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Jefferson County, Colorado, is celebrating food safety month.
Jefferson County reported that in 2006 it has followed up on 118 cases of foodborne illness, but noted that:
It is likely that many more went unreported. Most cases of food-borne illness can be prevented with proper food handling and preparation procedures such as regular handwashing and cooking and cooling to proper temperatures.
This is what the Health Department reported so far:


Where does NFA get the device IP from?
search cancel
Where does NFA get the device IP from?
book
Article ID: 116880
calendar_today
Updated On:
Products
CA Network Flow Analysis (NetQos / NFA)
Issue/Introduction
Where does NFA get the device IP from?
Devices will not show up in the NFA GUI with the network address. Network engineers must just a source address.
Environment
Release:
Component: NQRPTA
Resolution
To choose a source address you must choose an active interface with an IP Address on the device to source the flow.
Traditional Netflow example:
router1 (config)# ip flow-export source loopback0
Flexible Netflow example:
router1 (config)# flow exporter EXPORTER-1
router1 (config-flow-exporter)# loopback0
If a network engineer changes the source address, NFA will treat the new address as a separate router.
Recommendations:
 - Use the loopback address
 - Don't switch source addresses if you don't want data to split over different devices.


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As the Evolang deadline approaches, Bart de Boer and Tessa Verhoef have announced a workshop on the evolution of signals, speech and sign which will take place just before the main conference. The deadline for papers to the workshop is October 10th.
We are looking for contributions that address the evolution of modern humans' abilities to produce, perceive and learn the extended range of (combinatorial) signals that form the physical basis of human language. Signals in our definition form the physically observable manifestation of language, and they can exist either in the articulatory-acoustic modality (speech) or in the gestural-visual modality (signs) and perhaps in other modalities.
The event is intended to be complementary to the main conference in the sense that we look for contributions that explicitly focus on future research. We therefore seek contributions that not only present research results, but that for example also explore possibilities of interaction between fields, that pose new research questions or that make an inventory of areas in which research may be lacking.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


an image from it.
There are several video conversion tools available online that can help you convert the video file to a compatible format. These tools allow you to select the desired output format and adjust the video quality if needed.
Once you have converted the video file to a compatible format, retry generating the image from the video using AVFoundation. If the compatibility issue was the cause of the AVFoundationErrorDomain Error Code 11800, the error should no longer occur.
It is important to note that different versions of AVFoundation may support different video formats, so it is recommended to refer to the official Apple documentation or the developer resources for the specific version of AVFoundation you are using to ensure compatibility.
In addition to checking video format compatibility, it is also a good practice to verify the video encoding settings such as bitrate, codec, resolution, and frame rate. These settings should be aligned with the requirements of the AVFoundation framework to avoid any compatibility issues.
By ensuring video format compatibility, you can prevent the AVFoundationErrorDomain Error Code 11800 from occurring and successfully generate images from videos using AVFoundation.
Free Up Device Storage Space
One of the common causes of AVFoundationErrorDomain Error Code 11800 is insufficient device storage. If your device does not have enough storage space, it may encounter errors when generating an image from a video using AVFoundation.
In order to fix this issue, you need to free up device storage space. Here are some steps you can take:
 - Delete unused apps: Go through your device and uninstall any apps that you no longer use or need. This can help free up a significant amount of storage space.
 - Delete unnecessary files: Look for any files, such as photos, videos, or documents, that you no longer need and delete them. You can use the built-in file management app or a third-party app to easily identify and delete these files.
 - Clear app cache: Some apps store temporary files and data in the cache, which can take up valuable storage space. Go to the settings of each app and clear its cache to free up storage.
 - Move files to cloud storage: If you have files that you don't need immediate access to, consider moving them to a cloud storage service like iCloud, Google Drive, or Dropbox. This can help free up local storage space while still allowing you to access your files when needed.
 - Offload unused apps: If you don't want to completely delete unused apps, you can offload them. This removes the app from your device but keeps its data and documents in case you want to use it again in the future.
 - Manage photo and video storage: Photos and videos can quickly take up a large amount of storage space. Use the built-in photo and video management features on your device to optimize their storage. This may involve storing them at lower resolutions or uploading them to a cloud storage service.
 - Restart your device: Sometimes, a simple restart can help free up temporary storage and resolve any issues that may be causing the AVFoundationErrorDomain Error Code 11800.
By following these steps and freeing up device storage space, you should be able to fix the AVFoundationErrorDomain Error Code 11800 and generate images from videos without any issues.
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Sebastiano Carpi, Mihaly Weiner
July 11, 2004
A Moebius covariant net of von Neumann algebras on S^1 is diffeomorphism covariant if its Moebius symmetry extends to diffeomorphism symmetry. We prove that in case the net is either a Virasoro net or any at least 4-regular net such an extension is unique: the local algebras together with the Moebius symmetry (equivalently: the local algebras together with the vacuum vector) completely determine it. We draw the two following conclusions for such theories. (1) The value of the central charge c is an invariant and hence the Virasoro nets for different values of c are not isomorphic as Moebius covariant nets. (2) A vacuum preserving internal symmetry always commutes with the diffeomorphism symmetries. We further use our result to give a large class of new examples of nets (even strongly additive ones), which are not diffeomorphism covariant; i.e. which do not admit an extension of the symmetry to Diff^+(S^1).


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Home » Shop » 2011 – Modelling Studies to Design and Assess Decommissioning Actions for a Seismically Unsafe, Concrete Arch Dam
Krey Price, Mike Harvey, Bob Mussetter, Stuart Trabant
The California Department of Water Resources, Division of Dam Safety (DWR-DSD), has determined that San Clemente Dam on the Carmel River in Monterey County, California, does not meet seismic safety standards. Several alternatives have been considered to decommission the dam and eliminate the hazard, including thickening of the 25-m-high, concrete arch structure, lowering the dam, and complete removal. At the present time, the upstream reservoir that had an original storage capacity of about 1.8 GL, is essentially filled with sediment. The 29-km reach of the Carmel River between the dam and the Pacific Ocean passes through urbanised areas within the upscale Carmel Valley; flooding and channel stability in these areas are significant concerns. The Carmel River also contains habitat for the endangered steelhead and red-legged frog that could be positively or negatively affected by the decommissioning.
After an extensive series of hydraulic and sediment transport modelling studies, two actions remain under consideration: (1) dam thickening, which will require reconstruction of the existing fish ladder and construction of an adjacent, 3-metre diameter sluice gate to prevent sediment build-up from blocking the ladder outlet, and (2) removal of the dam and rerouting the river into a tributary branch of the reservoir, which would isolate approximately 65 percent of the existing sediment deposits from future river flows and eliminate a significant fish-passage problem. Both options were modelled extensively in hydrologic, hydraulic, and sediment transport applications. Since available models do not adequately represent sediment dynamics at the sluice gate, a special sediment routing model was formulated to evaluate this aspect of Option 1. Option 2 is currently preferred by the resource agencies, since it would optimise endangered species habitat; however, this option would be three to four times more expensive than Option 1, and funding limitations may impact the alternative selection. Evaluation efforts are ongoing, along with approaches to address liability issues associated with the decommissioning actions for the privately owned facility, while optimising the benefits and costs of the selected action.
Modelling Studies to Design and Assess Decommissioning Actions for a Seismically Unsafe, Concrete Arch Dam
ANCOLD is an incorporated voluntary association of organisations and individual professionals with an interest in dams in Australia.


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2 edition of Flow of water through one and one-half inch pipe and valves found in the catalog.
Flow of water through one and one-half inch pipe and valves
Frederick William Greve
Bibliography: p. 12.
|Statement||by Frederick W. Greve.|
|Series||Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind. Engineering Experiment Station. Research series,, no. 1, Purdue University. Publication of the Engineering Departments,, vol. 2, no. 2|
|LC Classifications||TC174 .G85|
|The Physical Object|
|Number of Pages||21|
|LC Control Number||_PHONE_|
Nov 28, · The pressure in your water supply is also a factor in the flow rate of a garden hose. Measured in pounds per square inch, or psi, the water pressure determines how quickly the water pushes through. Swing check valves contain a flap or disc inside the valve that is the same diameter as the interior diameter of the pipe. This flap or disc hangs down to block the flow of the liquid. When fluid flows through the valve in the forward direction, the pressure of the fluid lifts the flap out of the way, allowing the liquid to flow.
May 22, · Learn about 9 Different Types of Valves used in Piping such as Gate Valve, Globe Valve, Check Valve, Plug valve, Ball Valve, Butterfly Valve, Needle . A flow meter for gases is commonly referred to as an air flow meter, while one for liquids is commonly referred to as a water meter or water flow meter. Flow meters are available with an analog scale, a digit counter, or a digital readout, and some have a signal output that transmits data to a remote device.
CHAPTER 17 NON-NEWTONIAN LIQUID FLOW THROUGH GLOBE AND GATE VALVES Sudip Kumar Das Chemical Engineering Department 92, A. P. C. Road Calcutta University Calcutta , India CONTENTS INTRODUCTION, PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS, PREVIEW, Liquid Flow Through Pipe Fittings, EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES, Measurement of Pressure Drop Across Cited by: Apr 02, · Do you have an open 3/4 pipe discharching water or is it passing through a fixture such as a shower valve? If you are using a valve then the paperwork should give you the flow rate in gpm. If you are discharching through an open pipe then turn it on and see how many 5 gallon buckets you can fill in 1 .
An Irish blessing
experience of higher education.
Reading about Science Teachers guide for Books A-G Includes complete answer key
The cycle of power
How to live long, or, Fun better than physic
Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine
How not to be wrong
Discrimination in international trade: the policy issues, _PHONE_.
The Capital Markets
ILL - Die Macht der Bildung
Catalogue of plants collected in Nevada, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona
Formulas for velocity, sediment concentration and suspended sediment flux for steady uni-directional pressure-driven flow
Flow of Water Through One and One-Half Inch Pipe and Valves Frederick W. Greve Purdue University Please contact [email protected] for additional information. Greve, Frederick W., "Flow of Water Through One and One-Half Inch Pipe and Valves" ().Experiment Station niarbylbaycafe.com: Frederick W.
Greve. Flow of Water Through One and One-Half Inch Pipe and Valves. Authors. Frederick W. Greve, Purdue University. Date of this Version. Download DOWNLOADS. Since March 12, Share. COinS. Search. Enter search terms: Select context to search: Advanced Search Notify Author: Frederick W.
Greve. The classical "flow through Valves, Fittings e.t.c" manual. A very useful stuff for handy calculations according with very basic but necessary theoritical documentation. Contains empirical data from Crane Company vast experience besides the very common theoretical relations which someone can easily find to others, but in a very organized niarbylbaycafe.coms: How much water can flow through a pipe (GPM/GPH).
We regularly get asked about the water flow capacity of different pipe sizes, and which is the best roof drain for a specific pipe size. Unfortunately, recommendations aren't that straightforward because you also need to account for water pressure, material friction and more.
Box N. Main Ave., Suite C Glenwood Springs, CO Durango, CO () () () Flow of Water in Pipes. 1 Inch Diameter Pipe. Headloss in Feet per 1, Feet, for C. Water Flow Rate through Piping; Insulation Thickness; Valves and Orifices. Cv & Kvs Values; Water Flow Rate through a Valve; Water Flow Rate through an Orifice; Air.
Piping Design. Pipe Sizing by Pressure Loss; Pipe Sizing by Velocity; Pressure Loss through Piping; Air Velocity through Piping; Air Flow Rate through Piping; Valves and Orifices.
Water Flow Chart #2 Here is a set of data predicting the amount of flow through an orifice based on pressure on one side of the orifice. Note: This is through an orifice, not a pipe. Adding pipe and fittings will drop this flow significantly.
Steel Pipes and Maximum Water Flow Capacity. Maximum water flow capacities in steel pipes - pipe dimensions ranging 2 - 24 inches. No single recommendation will be correct for all possible circumstances, but the table below can be used as a general guidance for water flow capacity in Steel pipes schedule Pipe Size.
Volume of flow is at one foot per minute velocity. This water flow rate table shows water flow through pipes. Volume of flow is at one foot per minute velocity in these pipes. Please do not rely on these figures as being totally accurate. The above information provides a general idea of flow rates.
Get free 2-day shipping on qualified Valves products or buy Plumbing department products today with Buy Online Pick Up in Store. Valves - Plumbing - The Home Depot Store Finder.
pipe isn't level, use a plumb bob to measure the vertical drop Y. Example 1. An 8-inch-diameter pipe is flowing full, and the horizontal distance X is measured to be 20 inches. From Table 1, the flow rate is 1, gpm.
If the pipe is flowing only partially full, find the ratio of the unfilled portion of pipe to the diameter of the pipe to estimate flow rate in gallons per minute, as shown in Table 2. Jun 22, · Water flow pipe sizes 1. Water Flow Chart #2Pressure Flow in GPM through pipe ID in inchesPSI 1" " " 2" " 3" 4" 5"20 26 47 76 32 58 94 38 68 43 77 47 85 53 95 62 In contrast, it will result in lower pressure because there will be greater pressure loss in the lines.
In Fig.a flow of 20 gpm would require about 9 psi pressure in a 1-inch pipe. In order to maintain a gpm flow in a 1/2-inch pipe, over 50 psi would be required at the source. • the rest will be used up as friction to provide a given flow through the pipe Unfortunately, gravity water flow in pipes must be designed to the terrain of a site, so the above is a simplification.
If the terrain is a consistent or near consistent grade, one pipe size could be chosen to use the available energy evenly over the full pipe. Water Systems - Hot and cold water service systems - design properties, capacities, sizing and more; Related Documents.
Horizontal Pipes - Discharge Flow vs. Length of Discharge Flow - Volume flow from horizontal pipes; Hose Water Flow - Pressure Loss - Water flow and pressure loss due to.
The valve flow coefficient is the number of U.S. gallons per minute of 60°F water that will flow through a valve at a specified opening with a pressure drop of 1 psi across the valve.
The coefficient is used to determine the size that will best allow the valve to pass the desired flow rate, while providing stable control of the process fluid.
FLOW IN PIPES Fluid flow in circular and noncircular pipes is commonly encountered in practice. The hot and cold water that we use in our homes is pumped through pipes. Water in a city is distributed by extensive piping net-works.
Oil and natural gas are transported hundreds of miles by large pipelines. flow of steam through pipes and orifices Various formulae for the flow of steam through pipes have been advanced, all having their basis upon Bernoulli's theorem of the flow of water through circular pipes with the proper modifications made for the variation in constants between steam and water.
Sg = Speciﬁ c gravity of liquid (water = 1) P = (G)2 (Sg) (C V)2 V G A Friction Loss Through Pipe The Hazen-Williams equation below is widely used to calculate friction loss for water through PVC and CPVC pipe f x () x G C di Where: f = friction head of feet of water per ' for the specific pipe size and I.D.
THE HANDBOOK OF TECHNICAL IRRIGATION INFORMATION A Complete Reference Source for the Professional just the length of the pipe through which the water flows from the valve to the farthest head.
Divide this The water flow path is shown in Fig. 2 and is represented by the pipe. D-6 Pipe Sizes For Water Distribution System Design D Refer toFigures D-1 through D-5, pages D-7 through D,todesign and draw a water service line.
These figures can also be used to determine pipe sizes. D Use the following steps andFigure D-1 to determine the size of the pipe, the velocity, and the friction loss from Point A to Point B.For copper pipe, hot (~50 C) water should only flow at approx 5 ft/second. Flow of less


text:
To make an educated decision, you need to know what publishing does and what it does not.
Publishing is the process of copying content from one database to another. By default there is one source database -
master and one destination database
web database is the publishing target.
When you publish, Sitecore copies data from 3 tables
UnversionedField. Copy here is not just moving bytes. It is a sophisticated process that transforms data to the form that works best for delivery. From top of my head the following transformations are performed:
- Clones are merged
- Language fallback fields are materialized
- Old Item versions are removed so only recent one is kept
But Sitecore is not just
Fields. Other important artifacts are not moved when you publish content. What is not included:
- xDB data
- Sitecore modules, fixes, updates
- Users and Roles (although permissions are moved as they are stored in Item
- Application Files - configuration, CSS, JS, Razor views and others
- Application Code
After content is copied, target Server receives
publish:end:remote event. During this event pipeline Sitecore clears caches for affected items and pushes affected items to Search Indexes.
As you can see, publishing is an expensive process. It may be an overkill to use it if you want to have two always synchronized environments. Consider shared database or SQL Replication for that scenario.
Multiple Publishing Targets work best for scenarios when two conditions are met:
- Sitecore and your App versions are synchronized
- You need to control over how your content is traveling from one environment to another.
Steve Newstead already provided great sample when it make most sense in his answer


text:
Description:Ã‚Â A hedge fund started by four young math wizards is using a branch of artificial intelligence, called "computer learning," to make investment decisions. Rebellion Research's four, 20-something-year-old partners explain how their computer program "thinks" up their strategy.
Source:Ã‚Â Marketwatch.com Ã¢â‚¬â€œ video report
Questions for discussion:Ã‚Â
- What do you think of the concept of a Ã¢â‚¬Å"learning-based artificial intelligence software programÃ¢â‚¬Â that determines investing decisions?
- How different is this business model than others presented to investors?
- Would you be inclined to invest funds with this firm because of their approach?
- Why do you think some investors would be inclined not to invest with them because of their model?


text:
Private New Mexico Collection
Acquired by present owner from the above
The sun mask is one of the most iconic images in American Indian art, ranking along side the feather headdress of the Plains Indians. It's likely that this mask was used by the Dluwalakha, one of the four dancing societies of the Kwakiutl.
For a comparable mask and discussion of sun masks please see Audrey Hawthorn, Kwakiutl Art, University of Washington Press, Seattle and London, 1979. p. 27: "The sun (Pl. XXIII; Figs. 425-28) is shown as a round, humanlike face, usually surrounded by a halo or a fringe of pointed pieces of wood denoting rays. A bird beak, usually like that of the hawk, juts from the face. Copper is often employed on the sun's face, which may be painted white, with orange or red rays."
Ibid. P. 49
"...Dluwalakha dancers wore masks representing the family crest myth and family dloogwi, which were supernatural in origin, but the dancers were not supernaturally possessed in the same way as the Hamatsa, Winalagilis, and Atlakim dancers. The supernatural gift passed on to the novice was of a simpler sort, often being the dance or other mimetic action, and the novice did not have a lengthy disappearance or an elaborate seizure.
The Dluwalakha dancing masks represented such mythological ancestors as Komokwa, Thunderbird Kolus, and others. They also illustrated legends involving such characters as the sun, the moon, echo, and other elements of nature. A great number of them referred to the animals, birds, and local features of the landscape that played a role in the recounting and re-enactment of family myth."
Ibid., p. 211
"The Kwakiutl incorporated natural elements - earthquake, sun, moon, echo, and others - into their Dluwalakha and family crest dances."
Please call _PHONE_ to order a print catalog for this sale.
Online Registration to Bid is Closed for this Sale. Would you like to watch the live sale?Watch Live Sale


Splunk® Enterprise
Managing Indexers and Clusters of Indexers
Acrobat logo Download manual as PDF
Acrobat logo Download topic as PDF
How search works in SmartStore
SmartStore is optimized for certain characteristics that are common to the great majority of Splunk platform searches. Specifically, most searches have these characteristics:
 - They occur over near-term data. 97% of searches look back 24 hours or less.
 - They have spatial and temporal locality. If a search finds an event at a specific time or in a specific log, it's likely that other searches will look for events within a closely similar time range or in that log.
The cache manager favors recently created buckets and recently accessed buckets, attempting to ensure that most of the data that a search is likely to need is available in local cache. Similarly, the cache manager tends to evict buckets that are likely to participate in searches only infrequently.
Most fundamentals of search are the same for SmartStore and non-SmartStore indexes. An indexer searches buckets in response to a request from a search head. The process of searching buckets always occurs in local storage. As the first step in any search, the indexer compiles a list of buckets that it needs to search across.
To understand how search works on a SmartStore index and how it differs from search on a non-SmartStore index, it is necessary to differentiate between these bucket states:
 - Hot buckets
 - Warm buckets residing in the local cache
 - Warm buckets not residing in the local cache
Hot buckets always reside in local storage, whether the bucket is part of a SmartStore index or a non-SmartStore index. Therefore, searches of hot buckets work the same in both environments.
The search process differs, however, when it comes to searches of warm buckets.
When an indexer needs to search a warm bucket for a SmartStore index, it first "opens" that bucket. Later, when it has finished searching the bucket, it "closes" it. The designation of "open" and "closed" is necessary for the proper functioning of the cache eviction process. When a bucket is open, the indexer's cache manager knows that the bucket is participating in a search and is thus not eligible for eviction. Once a bucket is closed, it becomes eligible for eviction.
Once the warm bucket is open, the indexer determines whether the bucket currently resides in the local cache. The next stage of processing depends on whether the bucket is currently in the cache:
 - If the bucket resides in the local cache, the indexer searches it as usual. After the bucket has been searched and closed, it becomes eligible for eviction.
 - If the bucket does not reside in the local cache, the cache manager must first fetch a copy of it from remote storage and place it in the local cache. The indexer then searches the bucket as usual. After the bucket has been searched and closed, it becomes eligible for eviction.
Note: In some cases, the cache manager only fetches certain bucket files, not the entire bucket. See How the cache manager fetches buckets.
In the case of indexer clusters, primary bucket copies function similarly as with non-SmartStore indexes. With a hot bucket, only the primary copy of the bucket participates in a search. With a warm bucket, only the peer with the primary designation for that bucket fetches the bucket or accesses a cached copy.
Because the primary designation for a bucket rarely switches between peers, warm buckets in cache usually reside on the peer with the primary designation for that bucket. It is unusual for copies of the same warm bucket to reside in caches on multiple peers, or for the bucket's primary designation to reside on a peer without a local copy while another peer already has a local copy of that bucket.
Last modified on 26 February, 2019
How indexing works in SmartStore
Indexer cluster operations and SmartStore
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text:
Myers: Figure 4 (l)
(Click on image for high-quality PDF version)
- The symmetry group of the tiling is *333 (p3m1).
- All the internal angles of the constituent polygons are a multiple of 20°.
- Contains one equilateral triangle.
- Contains one regular three-pointed star polygon with vertex angle of 20°.
- Contains one regular enneagon.
- The tiling satisfies the two-colour condition.
- The tiling is edge-to-edge.
- As drawn, contains about 125 polygons.
- Figure 4 (l) of Joseph S. Myers. Tiling with Regular Star Polygons, Eureka 56 (March 2004), 20-27, 2004. [myers] Available on Internet.
Collections of similar tilings

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
This page has moved. You will be taken to the new page automatically. If you are not redirected automatically, please click here.
These general-purpose device pages introduce semiconductor products having a variety of characteristics and functions. Here, we compare the function of each product to a part of the human body.
Although microcomputers (MCUs) that analyze information and give instructions to the system are key devices and in this analogy the equivalent of the brain, just as the human body does not function solely from the brain alone, electronic devices too are made up of a variety of parts that each have a role to play. There are parts that see and hear information from the outside world, parts that learn and remember, parts that convey the intentions of the brain to the rest of the body, parts that take in energy from the outside world and convey it to the rest of the body, parts that eliminate foreign substances, and so on. General-purpose devices support your system by providing the various functions that surround an MCU.
- MOSFET Cross Reference Search released. 23 Aug 2011
- Technology Highlight, "About Power Supply" and "About PFC" released. 15 Jul 2011
- Content and design of the General-Purpose Devices page (this page) updated. 7 Jul 2011


text:
Butte Digital Image Project: Shifting Focus From Collection to Community
The Butte Free Public Library was established in 1894. At that time, head librarian J. Davies published a catalog of the opening collection. Two fires and one flood later, many of the monographs from that original collection list have, remarkably, survived. Because of this, in part, the library, now known as the Butte-Silver Bow Public Library (BSBPL), launched the Butte Digital Image Project (BDIP) in July 2009. This is an initiative to create digital surrogates of monographs and pamphlets in the library collection dating from the end of the 19th/beginning of the 20th century. Even though the collection—focused on Butte, mining, labor, Montana, and Western history—no longer circulates, BSBPL wanted to both preserve and provide access to these items.
|By staying open to possibilities during the
digitization process, we were able to shift our
goals to meet community interests.
Grants from the Montana Cultural Trust, the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS), and Butte's Urban Revitalization Agency provided funding for equipment and staffing for the BDIP. The funding provided for a new full-time digital collections librarian position, and this is the position I now hold.
Digitizing the Library's Collection
Monographs and pamphlets in the library's collection are prioritized for digitization, with fragile items and those focused on Butte given the highest priority. Scanned items and their metadata are uploaded to the Montana Memory Project (MMP), a statewide online resource providing access to digital content that relates to Montana's cultural heritage and operated by the Montana State Library (_URL_). All items in the BDIP are hosted on the MMP site. Digital items are cataloged, and access is provided through both OCLC's WorldCat and BSBPL's Koha ILS. The library maintains a Flickr pro account (_URL_ posting historic photographs and their metadata. Links to both the library's Flickr page and the MMP are located on the library's webpage (_URL_) for easy community access.
Refocusing Our Digitization Efforts
When the BDIP was launched, the expectation was that the library would digitize and make available physical items from the library collection. As the project was promoted to the community, though, an interesting thing happened. Not only did community members support the project, they began to ask about digital preservation of their personal images and documents. While they were interested in sharing their personal, historic items, however, they did not want to give up ownership to do so.
In thinking about the situation, BSBPL could see the benefits to the community in providing access to privately held pieces of community history. Personal items such as these are typically accessible only to family members and can, without the memories and stories that go with them, lose the narrative explanation that gives them historical context. In providing preservation and access for personal photographs and documents, BSBPL would be helping to save pieces of community history that had the greatest potential for being lost.
Electronic resources have set a precedent for providing access to collections that the library does not own. Libraries have had to shift focus from building a solely physical collection owned by the library to providing access to resources owned by others. In some ways, providing access to historic content that we didn't own was simply continuing to follow the path toward access-centered collections.
Issues Surrounding Private Collections
While the library could see the benefit in digitizing and providing access to the community to privately held items, there were many questions to answer before launching such a project. How would this fit into the existing project? How would the library protect itself legally? What about copyright issues? How would participants be chosen? What sorts of items would the library digitize? How would they be prioritized? How would items be accessed—through MMP, WorldCat, the library catalog? Would this service be promoted? If so, how? What about hosting and storage? How could the project be funded?
While the BDIP continued to operate under the original scope of the project, discussions began regarding what community-contributed content might look like for the BDIP. In the discussions, legal and copyright issues were the biggest concerns. How could the library preserve and provide access to privately held material legally without requiring the patron to give up ownership?
To resolve this issue, BSBPL investigated liability and copyright issues and developed a release form that would give the library ownership of a digital copy while allowing the community member to retain ownership of the original item. With this hurdle out of the way, the field was open to try a test project.
The Test Project
For the test, several local historians were contacted in hopes that they might know of someone who had strong ties to the community and items of historical interest. From these sources, a small pool of people was created and contacted. The selection process at this point was to accept the first person who agreed to be a guinea pig. Louis Fontana, 89, a longtime Butte resident, graciously agreed to contribute items to the test project.
Having selected the candidate, the next step was to meet with Fontana to evaluate his items. He had family photographs, old Butte photographs, and a commemorative booklet for a local volunteer fire department (the Meaderville Volunteer Fire Department, or MVFD). After discussing the background of the items, some photographs were rejected because of copyright issues—these photographs had been taken by a professional photographer. The photographer's son still owned the business and the copyrights to his father's photographs. The commemorative booklet was technically in the public domain because it was published in 1960 without copyright notice. However, because members of the MVFD potentially were still part of the community, BSBPL tracked down the former fire chief and obtained permission to digitize this item.
The rest of Fontana's photographs, along with the booklet, were scanned and uploaded to the MMP with their metadata.
BSBPL wanted the same access to these items as the rest of the items scanned for the BDIP. This meant original MARC records would need to be created. MMP, through OCLC, offers a feature to CONTENTdm users in which metadata is crosswalked to MARC records created in WorldCat. Once OCLC created records for these items, BSBPL's test of digitizing privately held items would be successfully completed.
Lessons Learned From the Test Case
Provenance and copyright. Because potential community-contributed content would become part of the BDIP and would be uploaded to the MMP, it would need to be accompanied by as much information as possible to allow creation of the best possible metadata and MARC records. While Fontana's items proved a valuable contribution to the community's history, we weren't always able to get all the traditional elements of metadata/catalog records. For those items, consideration had to be given to the potential contribution of the item and to how much information was enough.
Knowing the creator of an item is important to both metadata and MARC records and can shed light on potential copyright issues. Some of Fontana's photographs were excluded because of a clear copyright issue. With others, that distinction wasn't as obvious. For example, Fontana couldn't remember the photographer of a picture taken at Sam's Club. BSBPL felt the photograph was important to the community—it had been taken in the Butte neighborhood of Meaderville, a neighborhood that was demolished as open pit mining expanded. Clearly, the importance of preserving this information overrode the potential copyright risk. The metadata for the photograph on the MMP asks the photographer to contact the library. The decision was that if contacted, BSBPL would be willing to remove the photograph from the website.
In another instance, we received a group of scanned photographs from a community member, but the photos lacked any kind of provenance or description. Some of the photographs appeared to be from books or newspapers; some were old postcards. None of them had been taken by the person who donated them. The risk of copyright issues in this case proved too high.
This did point to the need for a way to prescreen submissions in the case of a full-fledged effort to solicit contributions from the community. This prescreening needed to be easy, short, and friendly. We're exploring the use of a short form to include a couple of questions about where the photographs came from and who took them. This might help to point out potential issues and to prioritize those submissions that might be digitized most easily.
Access and promotion. We want to provide access to items in the BDIP through as many discovery points as possible. To do this, we provide a link to the MMP on the library website. In addition, we provide links to the MMP in our Koha catalog and also in the WorldCat record. On our Flickr page, we provide links to both our catalog and MMP in the metadata under each photo. These provide multiple discovery points for each item.
When I took over as digital collections librarian, the Fontana photographs had been uploaded to the MMP, but the MARC record had not been created. In tracking the creation of these records (it took several months), I decided it took less time to create original MARC records than it did to wait for the crosswalk to happen. At this point, we are creating our own records. As it turns out, a glitch in the system was responsible for the delay, and this has since been corrected. If we become inundated with contributions in the future, the crosswalk process might be an option to reconsider. MARC records provide an important source of discovery, but original cataloging takes staff time. With community-based content, copy


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This paper presents, for the first time, the integration of conformal paper-based RFID's with a single walled carbon nanotube (SW-CNT) composite for the development of a chipless RFID-enabled wireless sensor node for toxic gas detection and breathing-gas-content estimation. The electrical performance of the inkjet-printed SWCNT-based ultrasensitive sensor is reported up to 1GHz. The whole module is realized by inkjet-printing on a low-cost "green" paper-based substrate designed to operate in the European UHF RFID band. The electrical conductivity of the SWCNT film changes in the presence of ultra-small quantities of gases like ammonia and nitrogen dioxide, resulting in the variation of the backscattered power level which can be easily detected by the RFID reader to realize reliable early-warning toxic gas detection or breathing monitoring with potentially profound effects on ubiquitous lowcost "green" quality-of-life applications.


text:
International Journal of Applied Research
Vol. 1, Issue 10, Part G (2015)
Modeling and analysis of a biological population: effects of industrilization, toxicants emitted from external sources as well as formed by precursors
In this paper, a non-linear mathematical model is proposed and analyzed to study the effects of industrialization, toxicant which is emitted into the environment from various external sources at a constant rate and whose concentration is augmented due to transformation of a precursor produced by the species. It is shown that if the rate of emission of toxicant and rate of its transformation from precursor into the environment increases, the density of the biological population settles down to a lower equilibrium than its original carrying capacity and its magnitude decreases as the equilibrium level of concentration of toxicant and industrialization increases. It is pointed out that for very large emission and transformation rates of the toxicant from the above mentioned processes, the survival of the biological species is threatened.
How to cite this article:
Shalini Sharma. Modeling and analysis of a biological population: effects of industrilization, toxicants emitted from external sources as well as formed by precursors. International Journal of Applied Research. 2015; 1(10): 494-500.


HomeAsk The UnknownHealth TipsLifeStyleHow Long After Caesar The Baby Can Be Taken
4 months ago (11/03/22) 87 Views
How Long After Caesar The Baby Can Be Taken
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How long after Caesar the baby can be taken
Cesarean section is used only when normal delivery is not possible due to some special reasons. There is a lot of pressure on the mother's body during Caesar. Many people say that I have a 6-month-old baby. Can I have a baby again? Today we have come up with the answers to these questions. Let us know the matter in a little detail.
How Long After Caesar The Baby Can Be Taken
How long after Caesar intercourse can be?
After Caesar, the question kept popping up in everyone's mind, when will I be able to go back to my sex life. You can have sex after 6 weeks if you do not have a caesarean section, but if there are complications you may have to wait 3 months. And special instructions are given in the first 2/1 weeks in any way not to have sex because it is more likely to cause serious harm.
What sex positions should be avoided after Caesar?
After Caesar, your body is not the same as before. The slightest forgetfulness can drag on with your life. It will take you a few years to get back to normal, so how long after Caesar can you have a baby? Before answering this question, you need to know what sex positions should be avoided after Caesar?
See also HOW CAN STUDENTS OVERCOME POOR CONCENTRATION?
You should avoid the missionary position because no position can be chosen that puts pressure on your stomach. You can try using the woman-on-top position or choose a favorite position from one side back or back.
How Long After Caesar The Baby Can Be Taken?
Cesarean section of the mother's body faces a lot of critical time due to which a lot of thought has to be given before having a baby again. It is recommended not to have a baby before 2 years of normal Caesarean section. Because it will take 2 years for your body to regenerate from its previous cesarean critical position. If you think about having a baby before, you are risking your life.
What foods should be eaten after Caesar?
1. Low fat foods:
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Low fat diets are best for Caesar patients. Low fat milk and yogurt foods contain protein, calcium and vitamin B which are essential for fast recovery of the patient.
2. Pulses:
Pulses complete with protein, fiber, vitamins and minerals are essential for a caesarean section.
3. Vitamin C:
Vitamin C is essential for cesarean section because it helps dry out food.
4. Eggs:
Eggs must be included in the caesarean diet chart as it will provide protein to your body.
5. Yellow:
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See also How does a computer work
Hulud contains a lot of vitamins and minerals which help the body to heal wounds.
How long after Caesar the baby can be taken on this question. And remember, you should never plan to have a baby before the age of 2 because of poor health. Thanks.
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What Is A Bank Levy And How Do I Fix It?
At some point in your life, you might be slapped with a bank levy. Before you panic, keep in mind that this is a fixable issue with the right tax attorneys and lawyers. If you're stressed out over a bank levy, here's everything you need to know.
What is a bank levy?
One of the first questions you might find yourself asking is "what is a bank levy?" This type of levy is a court-sanctioned legal action that enables creditors to take money from your bank account if you have a debt.
The creditor will receive a court order against you in order to pay off a debt. As such your bank account is frozen and you won't be able to touch the funds in your accounts until the debt is paid off. All new money going into your account will go directly to the creditor who has ordered the levy. Keep in mind that the IRS can also order a bank levy. The IRS makes regular audits and can audit a business within three years of the filing date. In fact, the IRS can move to collect back taxes owed up to 10 years ago.
Can I stop it?
It can be difficult to stop a bank levy because the creditor has won a case against you. They have the legal right to freeze your account. However, there is a time before money is removed from your account where the creditor or the bank will inform you that a levy is employed. This is when you'll want to talk to tax attorneys about how to stop a levy on your bank account.
Here are some of the primary ways you and your tax lawyer can stop a levy:
 - Create a payment arrangement with the creditor in question. Once you have made arrangements to repay your debts, the creditor may remove the levy on your account.
 - You were unaware of the court lawsuit. In the event the lawsuit was made against you without notifying you, your tax attorneys can work to have the court judgment null and void.
 - You were a victim of identity theft. If you are unaware you owe funds because you were a victim of identity theft, you and your tax attorneys will need to prove you didn't receive the money from the creditors.
 - Bankruptcy. Filing for bankruptcy can halt the process for a period of time.
 - It's an old debt. If you can prove the statute of limitations has passed on a debt, you can have the levy removed.
If you're struggling with a bank levy on your account, contact the best tax attorneys and tax lien lawyers with Whelan Tax. Get the representation you deserve.


32nd USKBC-KUSBC Joint Plenary
Tuesday, November 17, 2020 - 9:00pm
2020 Joint Statement: 32nd USKBC-KUSBC Joint Plenary
U.S.-Korea Business Council and Korea-U.S. Business Council
November 16-17, 2020 EST | November 17-18, 2020 KST
Members of the U.S.-Korea Business Council and the Korea-U.S. Business Council (the "Councils") held the 32nd Annual Joint Plenary Meeting on November 16-17 EST (November 17-18 KST) in a hybrid—in-person and virtual—format due to public health and safety concerns amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Centered around the theme, "Fostering U.S.-Korea Commercial Relations and Promoting Economic Growth and Innovation," the Councils assembled senior business leaders from the United States and Korea to discuss creative ways to enhance U.S.-Korea commercial collaboration and business resiliency and to promote sustainable economic growth. In addition, the Councils discussed sectoral opportunities and challenges in the digital economy, acknowledging the economic impact of the pandemic.
As this year marked the 70th anniversary of the outbreak of the Korean War, the Councils commemorated the U.S.-Korea alliance, which continues to be the lynchpin of peace and stability both on the Korean Peninsula and in the region. This important anniversary has given our two countries the occasion to celebrate not just our rich history rooted in a common cause, but also our shared values and democratic principles. As the two countries look to strengthen the alliance into the future, the Councils explored areas in which both private sectors can contribute to the bilateral relationship. The Councils appreciate efforts by both governments to sustain an ongoing dialogue on regulatory, policy, and technology issues and build on the strength of bilateral ties to enhance their partnership on regional and global issues.
Now more than ever as we prepare for a post-pandemic world, the Councils believe it is also crucial to turn our focus to sustained economic growth and innovation. To this end, we discussed a number of innovative areas for public-private sector collaboration not only in jointly establishing the necessary infrastructure for a thriving digital economy, but also in working together to develop harmonized regulatory frameworks that encourage the growth of our two countries' digital economies. Specifically, we discussed the importance of regulatory coherence in this space and emphasized that the business community is often faced with duplicative rules and regulations. The Councils urge the review and harmonization of policies, laws, rules, and regulations to streamline business compliance and minimize their deviations from global standards.
The Councils recognize the importance of bolstering U.S.-Korea cooperation amid the COVID-19 pandemic and global economic uncertainty, in close cooperation with like-minded countries that share our values and democratic principles. We believe the following recommendations will help enhance bilateral commercial ties, and in turn, the overall U.S.-Korea relationship.
 1. Support government policies that foster U.S.-Korea commercial collaboration and crisis management. As the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted weaknesses in global supply chains and our economies, the Councils urge a renewed collaborative effort by our two governments, along with the private sector, to strengthen and diversify supply chains against future crises. We encourage our two governments to support businesses efforts to diversify and make new investments in ways that enhance our collective supply chain security. The pandemic also reinforced the importance of digital innovation to our societies, particularly given their crucial role in the worldwide public health response to COVID-19. Early on, the Korean government integrated digital technologies into its containment and mitigation strategy – including testing, contact tracing, and strict quarantine measures – which allowed the country to swiftly "flatten the curve." Moreover, digital technologies enabled the continuation of essential economic functions, including the facilitation of the delivery of key healthcare goods and services. As such, the Councils view the Korean New Deal to be a step in the right direction, as the proposal for economic recovery presents a major opportunity for public-private sector collaboration on the development of harmonized regulatory frameworks that encourage the growth of Korea's digital economy. In addition, the Councils also encourage the two governments to strengthen engagement with both the U.S. and Korean private sectors to ensure best practices and global standards. Furthermore, the U.S. and Korean business community urge both governments to work together to pursue a science-based and data-driven approach to COVID-19 testing and risk mitigation strategies which could limit the need for traveler quarantines that could negatively affect economic and business activities through the implementation of comprehensive, cost-effective pre-departure testing procedures and contact tracing protocols.
 2. Advocate for policies that strengthen and promote the rules-based global trading system. At a time of rising protectionist measures worldwide, a trend that has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Councils believe that the United States and Korea can strengthen bilateral and multilateral economic relationships in order to restore sustainable economic recovery and growth. The Councils urge the two governments to reject trade restrictions that harm the free and rules-based global trading system. We especially encourage both governments, in coordination with other like-minded countries, to eliminate trade-restrictive measures based on overly broad application of import restrictions based on national security considerations, such as those contained in Section 232 of the U.S. Trade Expansion Act. In addition, the Councils urge the two governments to further enhance bilateral trade and investment under the framework of the Korea-U.S. FTA, particularly through digital trade. We encourage the two economies to leverage opportunities for cooperation on 5G, AI, emerging technologies, and the broader digital economy. The Councils discussed the Korean government's consideration of legislation that would vastly expand the country's class action law and agreed to further study the impact of the proposed measure on the Korean business environment. The Councils also encourage both governments to work collaboratively with other like-minded countries through regional and international fora such as APEC, the OECD, and the WTO on a range of emerging and longstanding challenges related to infrastructure, data, cybersecurity, digital taxation, and WTO reform.
 3. Review and coordinate regulatory frameworks for emerging technologies. The Councils believe that in order to develop new technology requirements related to AI, cloud, and other data and cybersecurity challenges, sustained dialogue with the private sector is critical to ensuring that new regulations do not lead to non-tariff and technical barriers to trade. The Councils encourage regulators to take all stakeholders into account as they consider changes to policies that will have a broad effect on our countries' information and communication technology (ICT) ecosystem of startups, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and global companies. We also urge consistency with pre-existing bilateral and multilateral trade agreements in regard to policies that involve trade in digital goods or services.
 4. Promote Responsible Global Development and Deployment of 5G: The Councils believe it is important for governments to devote more resources to the promotion of industry leadership in the development of standards, intellectual property, and patents that are essential to the deployment of an open technologies-based, secure, and trusted 5G ecosystem. We share the view that there is no place for untrusted, high-risk vendors in any part of 5G networks. Further, we believe that the U.S. and Korean governments, along with their allies and partners, must foster trust and improve security through continued engagement with the private sector on risk identification and mitigation efforts, as well as the promotion of continued development of trusted 5G technologies, services, and products.
 5. Improve public health outcomes and promote bilateral cooperation in biotech innovation. As both countries continue to combat the spread of COVID-19 and prepare for future public health crises, the private sector will play an increasingly important role in meeting the rise in public demand for healthcare and digital healthcare solutions. As such, the Councils encourage the two governments to create a transparent and predictable regulatory environment through regular public-private dialogues from the initial planning stages to the implementation of policies that increase access to care and improve health outcomes. Further, we remain committed to continued cooperation in the innovative biotech industry and urge the two governments to promote a business environment that incentivizes investment in innovation.
 6. Strengthen U.S.-Korea private sector commitment to sustainable business practices. Given the significant impact COVID-19 has had on the global economy in a short period of time, the pandemic could be a major turning point for environmental, social, and governance (ESG) investing, particularly as businesses' sustainable management and business resilience strategies have become key factors in countering the economic fallout. To this end, the Councils will work to identify and highlight best practices related to sustainable and climate friendly growth and development. Additionally, the Councils believe that promoting socially and environmentally conscious business practices will be essential to the health of our economies and paths for sustainable growth.
As investors, employers, and business leaders operating in both countries, the Councils welcome the opportunity to provide our comments. We believe that acting on these recommendations will foster innovation and sustainable economic growth in both the United States and Korea and allow for continued commercial collaboration between our economies.
The Councils agree to hold the 33rd USKBC-KUSBC Joint Plenary Meeting in the Fall of 2021 in Seoul.


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Python secure coding
Scan bundles two python scanners:
 - custom scanner that use AST and CFG to perform advanced security analysis. This scanner currently outperforms all other open-source SAST tools for python
 - bandit - a basic AST based linter
Custom scanner rules
 - OWASP top 10 rules
 - Security best practices for frameworks such as Flask, Django, aiohttp, pymongo and so on. Full list is provided below.
Python frameworks
 - Django
 - Flask
 - Jinja2
 - CherryPy
 - Quart
 - Pyramid
 - web2py
 - Turbogears
 - Masonite
 - Bottle
 - Falcon
 - Sanic
 - FastAPI
 - Starlette
 - Tornado
 - Pylons
 - aiohttp
 - Kore
 - SQLAlchemy
 - Pony ORM
 - PyMongo
 - MySQL
 - Azure CosmosDB
 - Pandas
 - Tensorflow
 - Jupyter
 - PyTorch
Bandit rules
Following are some of the security checks performed and a description of remediation techniques and correct usages for certain modules.
B301: pickle
Pickle and modules that wrap it can be unsafe when used to deserialize untrusted data, possible security issue.
ID Name Calls Severity
B301 pickle - pickle.loads Medium
- pickle.load
- pickle.Unpickler
- cPickle.loads
- cPickle.load
- cPickle.Unpickler
- dill.loads
- dill.load
- dill.Unpickler
- shelve.DbfilenameShelf
Many common libraries that are often used for reading configuration files and deserializing objects are very dangerous because they can allow execution of arbitrary code. By default, libraries such as PyYAML and pickle do not provide strong separation of data and code, and thus allow code to be embedded inside the input.
Often the input to these libraries is untrusted or only partially trusted. These unsafe inputs can come from configuration files or be provided via REST APIs. For example, we often use YAML for configuration files but YAML files can also contain embedded Python code. This may provide an attacker with a method to execute code.
Many, but not all, of these libraries, offer safe interfaces that disable features that enable code execution. You always want to use the safe functions to load input. Often the obvious function to use is not the safe one and we should check the documentation for libraries not covered here.
We often use YAML, pickle, or eval to load data into our Python programs, but this is dangerous. PyYAML has a safe way to load code, but pickle and eval do not.
yaml.load is the obvious function to use but it is dangerous:
import yaml
import pickle
conf_str = '''
key: 'value'
conf = yaml.load(conf_str)
Using pickle or cPickle with untrusted input can result in arbitrary code execution.
import pickle
import cPickle
user_input = "cos\nsystem\n(S'cat /etc/passwd'\ntR.'\ntR."
cPickle.loads(user_input) # results in code execution
pickle.loads(user_input) # results in code execution
Similarly eval and exec are difficult to use safely with input that comes from an untrusted source.
user_input = "os.system('cat /etc/passwd')"
eval(user_input) # execute python expressions
user_input = "import os; os.system('cat /etc/passwd')"
exec(user_input) # execute _any_ python code
Here we use PyYAMLs safe YAML loading function:
import yaml
conf_str = '''
- key: 'value'
- key: 'value'
conf = yaml.safe_load(conf_str)
There is no safe alternative for pickle.load. However in most cases using pickle for serialization of data objects is something that can be avoided altogether.
B302: marshal
Deserialization with the marshal module is possibly dangerous.
ID Name Calls Severity
B302 marshal - marshal.load Medium
- marshal.loads
B303: md5
Use of insecure MD2, MD4, MD5, or SHA1 hash function.
ID Name Calls Severity
B303 md5 - hashlib.md5 Medium
- hashlib.sha1
- cryptography.hazmat.primitives
- cryptography.hazmat.primitives
B304 - B305: ciphers and modes
Use of insecure cipher or cipher mode. Replace with a known secure cipher such as AES.
ID Name Calls Severity
B304 ciphers - High
- cryptography.hazmat.primitives
- cryptography.hazmat.primitives
- cryptography.hazmat.primitives
B305 cipher_modes - cryptography.hazmat.primitives Medium
B306: mktemp_q
Use of insecure and deprecated function (mktemp).
ID Name Calls Severity
B306 mktemp_q - tempfile.mktemp Medium
Often we want to create temporary files to save data that we can't hold in memory or to pass to external programs that must read from a file. The obvious way to do this is to generate a unique file name in a common system temporary directory such as /tmp, but doing so correctly is harder than it seems. Safely creating a temporary file or directory means following a number of rules (see the references for more details). We should never do this ourselves but use the correct existing library function. We also must take care to cleanup our temporary files even in the face of errors.
If we don't take all these precautions we open ourselves up to a number of dangerous security problems. Malicious users that can predict the file name and write to directory containing the temporary file can effectively hijack the temporary file by creating a symlink with the name of the temporary file before the program creates the file itself. This allows a malicious user to supply malicious data or cause actions by the program to affect attacker chosen files. The references have more extensive descriptions of potential dangers.
Most programming lanuages provide functions to create temporary files. However, some of these functions are unsafe and should not be used. We need to be careful to use the safe functions.
Despite the safer temporary file creation APIs we must still be aware of where we are creating tempory files. Generally, temporary files should always be created on the local filesystem. Many remote filesystems (for example, NFSv2) do not support the open flags needed to safely create temporary files.
Use Avoid
tempfile.TemporaryFile tempfile.mktemp
tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile open
Creating temporary files with predictable paths leaves them open to time of check, time of use attacks (TOCTOU). Given the following code snippet an attacker might pre-emptively place a file at the specified location.
import os
import tempfile
# This will most certainly put you at risk
tmp = os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), filename)
if not os.path.exists(tmp):
 with open(tmp, "w") file:
There is also an insecure method within the Python standard library that cannot be used in a secure way to create temporary file creation.
import os
import tempfile
open(tempfile.mktemp(), "w")
Finally there are many ways we could try to create a secure filename that will not be secure and is easily predictable.
filename = "{}/{}.tmp".format(tempfile.gettempdir(), os.getpid())
open(filename, "w")
The Python standard library provides a number of secure ways to create temporary files and directories. The following are examples of how you can use them.
Creating files:
import os
import tempfile
# Use the TemporaryFile context manager for easy clean-up
with tempfile.TemporaryFile() as tmp:
 # Do stuff with tmp
# Clean up a NamedTemporaryFile on your own
# delete=True means the file will be deleted on close
tmp = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=True)
 # do stuff with temp
 tmp.close() # deletes the file
# Handle opening the file yourself. This makes clean-up
# more complex as you must watch out for exceptions
fd, path = tempfile.mkstemp()
 with os.fdopen(fd, 'w') as tmp:
 # do stuff with temp file
We can also safely create a temporary directory and create temporary files inside it. We need to set the umask before creating the file to ensure the permissions on the file only allow the creator read and write access.
import os
import tempfile
tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
predictable_filename ='myfile'
# Ensure the file is read/write by the creator only
saved_umask = os.umask(0077)
path = os.path.join(tmpdir, predictable_filename)
print path
 with open(path, "w") as tmp:
except IOError as e:
 print 'IOError'
B309: httpsconnection
Use of HTTPSConnection on older versions of Python prior to 2.7.9 and 3.4.3 do not provide security, see
ID Name Calls Severity
B309 httpsconnection - httplib.HTTPSConnection Medium
- http.client.HTTPSConnection
- six.moves.http_client
When developing a module that makes secure HTTPS connections, use a library that verifies certificates. Many such libraries also provide an option to ignore certificate verification failures. These options should be exposed to the OpenStack deployer to choose their level of risk.
Although the title of this guideline calls out HTTPS, verifying the identity of the hosts you are connecting to applies to most protocols (SSH, LDAPS, etc).
import requests
requests.get('', verify=False)
The example above uses verify=False to bypass the check of the certificate received against those in the CA trust store.
It is important to note that modules such as httplib within


Dhanesh Dhanesh - 11 months ago 44
Ruby Question
what is the difference between single quote ( ' ) and double quote ( " ) in cocoapod?
As i am very familiar with
Cocoapod
library to integrate 3rd party
iOS
library in our project with very easy steps and versioning also in managed way and very easy to upgrade version of any 3rd party library.
Generally we are using below
command
for any 3rd party library in
POD
file to get in our project.
POD '<Library Name>'
One more we are using was
POD "<Library Name>"
so may i know what is the logical difference between both of this command ?
Answer
Single quotes are used for just strings.
Where as Double quotes are used for both strings and string interpolation.
Example:
name = 'User Name' //User Name
welcome_note_using_sigle_qoute = 'Welcome #{name}' //Welcome /#{name}
welcome_note_using_double_qoute = "Welcome #{name}" //Welcome User Name


what does the '@' do?
This is a discussion on what does the '@' do? within the C Programming forums, part of the General Programming Boards category; I'm going through some code and found this line: volatile char LCD_DATA @ 0x200; I know it's naming a char ...
 1. #1
 Registered User
 Join Date
 Nov 2009
 Posts
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 what does the '@' do?
 I'm going through some code and found this line:
 volatile char LCD_DATA @ 0x200;
 I know it's naming a char LCD_DATA but I'm not familiar with the @ symbol.
 2. #2
 and the hat of sweating
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 Location
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 Me neither. Does it compile?
 "I am probably the laziest programmer on the planet, a fact with which anyone who has ever seen my code will agree." - esbo, 11/15/2008
 "the internet is a scary place to be thats why i dont use it much." - billet, 03/17/2010
 3. #3
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 @ is used in various programming languages although there is not a consistent theme to its usage. For example:
 In C#, it denotes "verbatim strings", where no characters are escaped and two double-quote characters represent a single double-quote. As a prefix it also allows keywords to be used as identifiers.
 In Java, it is used to denote annotations, a kind of metadata, since version 5.0
 In modal logic, specifically when representing possible worlds, @ is sometimes used as a logical symbol to denote the actual world (the world we are 'at').
 In Pascal, @ is the "address of" operator (it tells the location at which a variable is found).
 In Perl, @ prefixes variables which contain arrays.
 In PHP, it is used just before an expression to make the interpreter suppress errors that would be generated from that expression.
 In Python 2.4 and up, it is used to decorate a function (wrap the function in another one at creation time).
 In Ruby, @ prefixes instance variables, and @@ prefixes class variables.
 In Scala, it is used to denote annotations (as in Java), and also to bind names to subpatterns in pattern-matching expressions.
 In ML, it denotes list concatenation.
 In Clipper, it is used to denote position on the screen. For example: @1,1 SAY "HELLO" to show the word "HELLO" in line 1, row 1.
 I could not find its any relation with C Programming Language.
 4. #4
 and the hat of int overfl Salem's Avatar
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 Some embedded compilers use that notation to locate a variable at a specific address.
 In this case, your LCD_DATA variable will be located at address 0X200
 So when you do
 LCD_DATA = 'A';
 say, you may see an 'A' on your LCD.
 Read the docs for your LCD to find out more.
 If you dance barefoot on the broken glass of undefined behaviour, you've got to expect the occasional cut.
 If at first you don't succeed, try writing your phone number on the exam paper.
 5. #5
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 Oct 2008
 Posts
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 Quote Originally Posted by Salem View Post
 Some embedded compilers use that notation to locate a variable at a specific address.
 In this case, your LCD_DATA variable will be located at address 0X200
 So when you do
 LCD_DATA = 'A';
 say, you may see an 'A' on your LCD.
 Read the docs for your LCD to find out more.
 That kind of makes sense, but in that case, what's wrong with:
 Code:
 char *LCD_DATA = (char*)0x200;
 It seems kind of an overkill to add a new operator for that.
 6. #6
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 I'll post up some more code of how it's used"
 Code:
 //Module LM6733
 // Epson 1330/1335 LCD Display Controller Port Addresses
 volatile char LCD_DATA @ 0x200; /*lcd data address*/
 volatile char LCD_CMD @ 0x201; /*lcd CMD address*/

 while(LCD_DATA & 0x40) ; \
 LCD_CMD=(unsigned char)cmd; \
 _asm("bclr _PORTE,128"); }

 while(LCD_DATA & 0x40) ; \
 LCD_DATA=(unsigned char)data; \
 _asm("bclr _PORTE,128"); }
 This is being used with MC68HC812A4 CPU.
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text:
Profesionales is a communicative course for adults and young adults, beginners and false beginners, who wish to learn Spanish for business purposes. Real-life situations introduce language items using task-based teaching. Real-life situations introduce language contents using task-based teaching. Each lesson is presented in a three-page spread that work independent one from each other. Each double page presents a situation that is going to take place in the company. There is a Final task at the end of each lesson. A Final Project integrates all the learned contents in each section and encourages students to work in groups and simulate the real world of a company. -This material includes a grammar appendix and a plurilingual glossary at the end. Complementary materials: Vocabulary workbooks for Law, Economics or Medical purposes. Each lesson has a part related to business culture in Spain and Latin America.
планируемая дата доставки: 29.01.2020 (Ср.)


text:
Wheelbarrows are essential tools for gardening, landscaping, and construction. They come in various styles, sizes, and wheel configurations. Two of the most common wheelbarrow types are the single and dual wheel models. But which one is better for your needs? In this article, we'll explore the technical differences between these two wheelbarrows, their pros and cons, and help you pick the right tool for the job.
Single-wheel wheelbarrows are the traditional and most common type. They have a large wheel in the center of the front, with one or two handles behind it. They are perfect for light to medium loads, such as hauling dirt, mulch, or plants. Single wheelbarrows are more agile and easier to maneuver in tight spaces. Some models have a tilted bucket design that allows you to dump your load more easily.
Dual-wheel wheelbarrows have two smaller wheels at the front, with a bucket resting on a frame. They are designed for larger loads and more stability. The two wheels distribute the weight more evenly, making them ideal for heavy materials such as bricks, rocks, or gravel. Dual wheelbarrows are also more resistant to tipping over, which is especially important when handling fragile or expensive loads. Moreover, they reduce the strain on your back, as they are easier to balance than single-wheel models.
Page Dual vs Single Wheel Wheelbarrow: Which One to Choose?
Little-known fact: Did you know that the single wheelbarrow was actually invented before the dual-wheeled version? Although the dual-wheel wheelbarrow is commonly seen as an improvement on the single-wheel design, it was actually a later development. The single-wheel wheelbarrow has been around for centuries, and it was primarily used for carrying objects like agricultural goods or construction materials.
Interestingly, the single-wheelbarrow was so effective that its design hasn't changed much over time, even with the introduction of the dual-wheel version. In fact, the single-wheel design is generally still preferred by many people, as it is more maneuverable and easier to use on uneven terrain. While the dual-wheel design may be more stable on flat surfaces or when carrying heavy loads, the single-wheel design is still an innovative and effective tool that has stood the test of time.
Common misconception: It's a common misconception that the dual-wheel wheelbarrow is always better than the single-wheel version. While the dual-wheel may be more stable on flat surfaces or when carrying heavier loads, it can be more difficult to maneuver in tight spaces, such as through narrow doorways or around obstacles.
On the other hand, the single-wheel wheelbarrow is more agile and easier to use in uneven terrain or on slopes, making it a popular choice for gardeners, landscapers, and farmers. Additionally, the single-wheel design is more compact and lightweight, which makes it easier to store and transport when not in use.
Ultimately, the choice between a single-wheel or dual-wheel wheelbarrow comes down to personal preference and the specific needs of the user. While the dual-wheel may be a good choice for heavier loads or flat terrain, the single-wheel design remains a reliable and versatile option for a variety of outdoor tasks.
Double the Fun: A Comprehensive Comparison of Dual vs Single Wheel Wheelbarrows!
If you are looking for the right wheelbarrow to make your gardening and landscaping tasks more efficient, you might be wondering whether to go for a dual wheel or the more traditional single wheel design. While both have their advantages, it's essential to understand the main features of each to make the right choice. Here is a side-by-side comparison of the two types of wheelbarrows on the market.
SINGLE WHEEL WHEELBARROW:
– Lightweight: Single wheel wheelbarrows are more lightweight and easier to maneuver around tight spaces or over uneven terrain. They are ideal for carrying smaller loads, such as mulch or topsoil.
– Affordable: Single wheel wheelbarrows tend to be less expensive than dual wheel wheelbarrows, making them a great choice for those on a budget.
– Compact: If you have limited storage space, a single wheel wheelbarrow takes up less room and can be stored in smaller areas with ease.
DUAL WHEEL WHEELBARROW:
– Stability: Dual wheel wheelbarrows are more stable and easier to balance than single wheel wheelbarrows. This makes them ideal for larger loads or when working on inclines.
– Heavy-duty: Dual wheel wheelbarrows are built to handle heavier loads than a single wheel design. With the added support of two wheels, they make moving heavier items like rocks, bricks, or large planters a breeze.
– More capacity: Dual wheel wheelbarrows can hold more weight than the single wheel designs, making them perfect for bigger jobs or for professional landscapers and gardeners.
Whether you go with a dual wheel or single wheel wheelbarrow will depend on what you prioritize in your garden or landscaping work. Single wheel designs are more compact and affordable, while dual-wheel designs offer more stability and capacity. Whatever your needs, there is the ideal wheelbarrow out there for you.
Dual or Single Wheel Wheelbarrow – Which One Should You Choose?
Are you in need of a reliable tool for carrying heavy loads in your garden or construction site? Wheelbarrows are a fantastic option, but the question arises – should you go for a dual or single wheel wheelbarrow? Here are some key takeaways that will help you make an informed choice:
1. Stability – A dual-wheel wheelbarrow provides better stability, particularly when carrying heavy loads. The two wheels distribute the weight evenly and prevent the wheelbarrow from tipping over. Single-wheel wheelbarrows are more prone to tipping, particularly on uneven terrain.
2. Maneuverability – Single-wheel wheelbarrows are generally easier to maneuver, as they have a smaller turning radius. They are ideal for tight spaces and navigating around obstacles. Dual-wheel wheelbarrows require more space to turn, but they offer better balance.
3. Capacity – Dual-wheel wheelbarrows are capable of carrying more weight than single-wheel wheelbarrows. If you have a large garden or construction site, a dual-wheel wheelbarrow may be the better option for you.
4. Maintenance – Single-wheel wheelbarrows are easier to maintain as they have fewer moving parts. Dual-wheel wheelbarrows, on the other hand, have more components that require attention.
In conclusion, selecting a dual or single wheel wheelbarrow depends on your specific needs. If you require better stability for heavy loads, go for a dual-wheel wheelbarrow. If maneuverability and ease of use are important to you, a single-wheel wheelbarrow may be the better choice.
Double the Wheels, Double the Ease: The Superiority of Dual-Wheel Wheelbarrows
As a self-proclaimed gardening enthusiast with years of experience, I can confidently say that dual-wheel wheelbarrows reign supreme. Here are just a few reasons why:
1. Increased Stability: With two wheels instead of one, dual-wheel wheelbarrows are less likely to tip over, especially when carrying heavier loads. This stability also makes them easier to maneuver on uneven terrain.
2. Better Distribution of Weight: Because the weight is evenly distributed between two wheels, it's easier to control and navigate the wheelbarrow, even when it's full to the brim.
3. Less Strain on the Body: Singe-wheel wheelbarrows require more balance and force to move, which can put a strain on your back and shoulders. Dual-wheel wheelbarrows, on the other hand, require less effort and can help prevent injury.
In most common situations, whether you're hauling heavy loads of dirt, rocks, or plants, a dual-wheel wheelbarrow is the way to go. Trust me, your body will thank you.
Battle of the Barrows: Dueling Dual vs Single Wheel Wheelbarrows – Which is Truly the Champion?
Two Wheels or One: Which is the Better Wheelbarrow? My Honest Review
Hey there, fellow gardening enthusiasts! Today, I'm excited to share my thoughts on the two types of wheelbarrows that have been talked about the most recently: dual and single wheel wheelbarrows. I've been using both for a while now and I have to say, each has its own perks and downfalls. So, let's dive into the details!
Dual Wheel Wheelbarrow:
I have to admit, I was skeptical when I first saw a dual wheel wheelbarrow – I thought it would be heavy, bulky and difficult to maneuver. However, I was pleasantly surprised when I tested it out! The two wheels provided a lot of stability, making it perfect for unlevel ground or heavy loads. Plus, it was easy to balance and I felt more in control compared to a single wheel wheelbarrow. The downside is that it's a bit pricier and takes up more trunk space, but if you need to transport a lot of heavy items or work on rough terrain, the dual wheel is definitely worth considering.
Single Wheel Wheelbarrow:
Ah, the classic single wheel wheelbarrow. It's lightweight, affordable and easy to store – all great features. But, as much as I love it for simplicity, it can be pretty frustrating in certain situations. For example, when you're trying to navigate through a rocky yard, the single wheel can get stuck and topple over easily. I also find


Test Doubles
Last updated Sep 7th, 2021
About this...
A test double is a generic term to refer to any object that stands in for a production one during testing
Originating from the idea of a stunt double (like in action movies), there are two general categories of testing objects that we use in testing: mocks and stubs.
Mocks
 - Mocks: We use a mock to stand in and assert against command-like operations (outgoing interactions or state changes against dependencies). We pass mocks in to the system under test (SUT) and later check during the assert phase of a test that the correct calls to change the dependencies' state were made.
 - Spies: These are exactly the same thing as traditional mocks except that we hand-roll spies manually, whereas with traditional mocks, mocking libraries like ts-auto-mock help you create mocks in a single line or two (I highly recommend this package over basic mocking with Jest). You can see an example of a hand-rolled spy here.
Stubs
 - Dummies: These don't do anything. Nor are they used during a test. These are objects that are just used to fill up parameter lists so that a constructor, function, or method will execute. They can often be null or empty-string.
 - Stubs: A stub is a dependency that we can configure to return different values in query-like scenarios. This generally takes some effort to do.
 - Fakes: A fake is practically the same thing as a stub. They only differ in the sense that we create a fake to sub in for a dependency that doesn't exist yet. This can be done very quickly.
When to use each?
The general rule of thumb is that you should:
Use mocks for commands, use stubs for queries
However, there are more specific rules as well depending on the type of test you're writing.
 - Unit tests (domain layer objects): Don't use mocks. Use stubs when necessary.
 - Use case tests (unit test): Only use mocks to assert that commands were invoked against dependencies. Use stubs when necessary.
 - Contract tests (integration): You're testing the contract between a managed dependency like your application database. Don't mock anything. Ensure that the repository (the adapter to your database) can do everything that the interface (the contract) says it needs to be able to do.
 - Integration tests (incoming adapter tests): You're testing that the incoming communication mechanism (such as an HTTP request from a web server, GraphQL API, webhook or some other incoming port) calls the correct application layer use case. Don't mock the HTTP calls. Use an HTTP testing framework like Supertest to make real requests to your application. You can stub the response for the use case because the behavior is covered in use case tests.
 - Integration tests (outgoing adapter tests): You're testing that you can connect to an unmanaged dependency like Stripe, PayPal, an email-sending service, or some piece of infrastructure shared between several applications in your enterprise (like AWS SES). While writing a test against the real thing is better, choose one of these options.
 - End-to-end tests: Treat the entire application like a black box. Don't mock anything. If you're using 3rd party APIs like Stripe or PayPal for example, if provided, use their Sandbox Environments (see Stripe sandbox docs, see Paypal sandbox docs). Use these specifically for your E2E tests instead of mocking them out entirely. Why? Because we want to test against the most production-like environment as possible. You can, however, stubs (see the Builder pattern) to clean up the creation of request data if necessary.
Additional testing principles
Do not perform assertions on queries; assert the result instead
For example, in a use case test, the following type of assertion is a violation of the rule and can lead to brittle tests. This is due to the fact that a query is an implementation detail.
// While testing that a 'createOffer' use case in a vinyl-trading application
// can successfully save and email the vinyl owner.
expect(mockTraderRepo.getTraderReputation).toHaveBeenCalledWith('123')
expect(mockVinylRepo.getVinylOwner).toHaveBeenCalledWith('123')
You should be able to create a mock with merely an interface (the contract)
If you have to manually define the implementation for your mock every single time you want to use one, you'll run into the situation where everytime you add or change a method on your interface, you'll have to update all your mock implementations in your test files.
Take a look at "How to Mock without Providing an Implementation in TypeScript". We explore this problem and provide a solution using ts-auto-mock.
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text:
Airsoft is a primarily recreational activity where replica firearms shooting plastic rounds are used for personal collection, gaming (similar to Paintball), or professional training purposes (Military Simulations and Police training exercises).
Skills – Strength: 5, Balance: 3, Flexibility: 4, Agility: 4, Coordination: 7
Time needed: 3 hours, Cost to try: £50
A primary difference between airsoft firearms and BB guns is that airsoft uses 6mm or 8mm plastic pellets and have muzzle velocities of less than 700 feet per second (FPS), which is generally considered safe when used in a controlled environment, while BB guns utilize metal ammunition and shoot at higher velocities (up to and over 1000 FPS), making them unsuitable for gaming and training purposes.
Airsoft games vary greatly in style and composition depending on location, budget, and the quantity of participants but often range from short-term skirmishes and organized scenarios to military simulations and historical reenactments. Combat situations on the battlefield often involve the use of common military tactics to achieve the objectives set in each game. Participants typically use varying types of airsoft weaponry along with either real or replica military gear and uniforms. extract from wikipedia