Frequency PDF
Michael Rovner
frequency Significado, definición, qué es frequency: 1. the number of times something happens within a particular period, or the fact of something…. Aprender más. Frequency is a 2000 American science fiction thriller drama film directed by Gregory Hoblit and distributed by New Line Cinema. It was written by Toby Emmerich. Its story follows John Sullivan, a homicide detective in New York City who accidentally discovers a cross-time radio frequency on his late father's ham radio, which allows the two to speak to each other across time.
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Sofi Voighua
Convert between many different frequency standards. Information: - The SI derived unit for frequency is the Hertz. - The symbol for Hertz is Hz Frequency distribution, in statistics, a graph or data set organized to show the frequency of occurrence of each possible outcome of a repeatable event observed many times. Simple examples are election returns and test scores listed by percentile. A frequency distribution can be graphed as a histogram or pie chart.
Mattio Mazios
Yes, we can use some adverbs of frequency at the beginning or end of a sentence for emphasis. Occasionally I meet her for a coffee. We can use usually, often, sometimes and occasionally at the beginning of a sentence, and sometimes and often at the end. We use adverb expressions like a lot or not + (very) much after the main verb too. We're sorry but app doesn't work properly without JavaScript enabled. Please enable it to continue.
Noe Schulzzo
Frequency 2016 TV-14 1 Season TV Mysteries A detective seizes a precious opportunity to change the past when she finds she can communicate with her deceased, estranged father via a time warp. frequency definition: 1. the number of times something happens within a particular period, or the fact of something…. Learn more.
Jason Statham
In general, the frequency is the reciprocal of the period, or time interval; i.e., frequency = 1/period = 1/ (time interval). The frequency with which the Moon revolves around Earth is slightly more than 12 cycles per year. The frequency of the A string of a violin is 440 vibrations or cycles per second. 2. the number of times that an event occurs within a given period; rate of recurrence 3. (Mathematics) physics the number of times that a periodic function or vibration repeats itself in a specified time, often 1 second. It is usually measured in hertz.
Jessica Kolhmann
The radio spectrum refers to the section of the electromagnetic spectrum that holds all possible radio frequencies ranging from 3 kHz to 300 GHz. Radio frequency ...


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In the early 1950s an absolute legend, Sir William (Bill) Hamilton began experimenting in his yard with Jet Boats. Through many trials and hard work, he successfully created one of the best inventions to date. He pioneered the development of the Jet Boats we use today, what a legend, we appreciate you, good Sir.
How do our boats work you may ask? Well, the jet unit that sits at the back allows our boats to skim shallow water by using the power of waterjet propulsion. In a nutshell, the water gets sucked up through the jet unit and then forced out thus creating the forward motion and rapid speed.
The Go Orange Jet Boat pumps out enough water to reach speeds of 95kmph in shallow waters. We only need 10cm of that precious glacial water to power down the river, which is why you will see our boats hitting what may look like the edges of the river. These boats are designed to be the highly maneuverable meaning we can navigate small gaps, shallow water, and tight spins. Passing under the Kawarau Bridge we need to know our boats are at the top of their game, steering you through and performing those famous 360's.
So, now you know about the history of the Jet Boats, where they began and why we call our spins the Hamilton Spin you should probably come and experience it for yourself, right?

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
|Rediff India Abroad Home | All the sections|
What is 3G spectrum? How does it help you?
rediff Business Desk | September 29, 2006
It's boom time for mobile phones in India. And people are looking forward to more information, faster data access and multimedia services through their mobile phones. 3G technology is here to turn this dream into reality. It's a technology anxiously awaited by telecom operations and subscribers in India.
How long do you have to wait?
Not very long! India is all set to launch 3G mobile telephone services by June 2007.
According to Telecom Regulatory Authority of India chairman Nripendra Misra, a total of 32.5 MHz is available for allocation within the next 6-9 months.
Trai has also recommended auctioning 200 MHz for broadband wireless access services like Wimax (worldwide interoperability for microwave access) and has proposed a national frequency management board to oversee spectrum availability and its efficient use.
He hopes that the allocated spectrum would be enough for the next two years and said Trai would recommend freeing up more spectrum for those who lose out in this auction.
So what is 3G spectrum all about? Read on.
What is spectrum?
Radio spectrum refers to a range of radio frequencies. The bandwidth of a radio signal is the difference between the upper and lower frequencies of the signal.
For example, in the case of a voice signal having a minimum frequency of 200 hertz (Hz) and a maximum frequency of 3,000 Hz, the bandwidth is 2,800 Hz (3 KHz). The amount of bandwidth needed for 3G services could be as much as 15-20 Mhz, whereas for 2G services a bandwidth of 30-200 KHz is used. Hence, for 3G huge bandwidth is required.
How is 3G different from 2G and 4G?
While 2G stands for second-generation wireless telephone technology, 1G networks used are analog, 2G networks are digital and 3G (third-generation) technology is used to enhance mobile phone standards.
3G helps to simultaneously transfer both voice data (a telephone call) and non-voice data (such as downloading information, exchanging e-mail, and instant messaging. The highlight of 3G is video telephony. 4G technology stands to be the future standard of wireless devices.
Currently, Japanese company NTT DoCoMo and Samsung are testing 4G communication.
How will 3G services help you?
3G services will enable video broadcast and data-intensive services such as stock transactions, e-learning and telemedicine through wireless communications
All telecom operators are waiting to launch 3G in India to cash in on revenues by providing high-end services to customers, which are voice data and video enabled. India lags behind many Asian countries in introducing 3G services.
What is Trai's recommendation on 3G pricing?
The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India has recommended auctioning radio frequencies for 3G telecom services at a reserve price of Rs 1,050 crore (Rs 10.50 billion) to companies seeking to offer nationwide high-speed Internet and streaming video.
The base price for spectrum in cities like Mumbai and Delhi and Category A telecom circles is Rs 80 crore (Rs 800 million); in cities like Chennai and Kolkata and Category B circles Rs 40 crore (Rs 400 million); and in all other cities Rs 15 crore (Rs 150 million).
What are the frequency bands and quota for CDMA?
Trai has recommended three sets of frequency bands - 450 mhz, 800 mhz and 2.1 ghz. For CDMA players like Reliance and Tata Teleservices 1.25 MHz each is offered. CDMA operators are free to bid both in the 2.1 GHz and the 450 MHz bands, but they will be allocated spectrum only in one. The pricing of these two bands is linked to the auction in the 2.1 GHz band.
CDMA operators will pay the same as the second-highest GSM bidder. And if there is more than one claimant in the 450 MHz band, the reserve price will be half of that arrived at in the 2.1 GHz band. Another rider is that if the highest bid is a quarter more than the lowest, the lowest bidder has to raise its bid to 75 per cent of the winning bid.
But CDMA operators are likely to face problems. Operating 3G services on 450 MHz is a problem because we they do not have dual-band phones that work both in 450 MHz and in 800 MHz (the band in which CDMA operates in India).
What are the issues regarding 3G for providers and users?
3G has successfully been introduced in Europe. But several issues continue to hamper its growth.
High spectrum licensing fees for the 3G services
Huge capital required to build infrastructure for 3G services.
Health impact of electromagnetic waves.
Prices are very high for 3G mobile services.
Will 2G users switch to 3G services.
Takes time to catch up as the service is new.
What are the issues regarding 3G pricing?
Pricing has been a cause of concern. Spectrum auctions ran into billions of euros in Europe. In Europe, spectrum licensing fees were collected years before the 3G service was developed and it required huge investments to build 3G networks, hitting mobile operators' margins.
However, in Japan and South Korea, spectrum licensing fees were not applicable as the focus of these countries were national IT infrastructure development.
Which companies have applied for 3G license?
3G spectrum has been provided to GSM players like BSNL, MTNL, Bharti, and Hutch to carry out an interface check on a non-commercial basis ahead of the start of 3G mobile services.
Trial spectrum has been given for a period of one month. This will be only 1/1000th of the actual 3G spectrum capability. Apart frm PSU majors, spectrum for carrying out 3G trials has been given to all those who have applied under the National Frequency Allocation Plan on the 2.1 GHz band. GSM players operate on 900 MHz and 1,800 MHz, while CDMA players operate on 800 MHz.
What is the pricing issue in India?
While Tatas have welcomed Trai's Rs 1,400-crore (Rs 14 billion) base price for a nationwide rollout of 3G services, the rest of the players find the price too exorbitant.
Bharti-Airtel is disappointed with the pricing as they were expecting it to be Rs 300-400 crore (Rs 3-4 billion). The reserve price is a disincentive for telecom companies in India. Bharti has appealed to lower the prices specially for rural penetration.
The Cellular Operators Association of India and the Association of Unified Service Providers of India are studying TRAI's recommendations and have not given their comments.
However, Trai chairman Nripendra Misra has said that there is no reason to worry as players will not bid exorbitantly and derail the auction. Misra said telecom operators had matured from their experiences and global developments, and would bid sincerely.
Where was 3G spectrum first introduced?
Japan was the first country to introduce 3G on a large commercial scale. In 2005, about 40 per cent of subscribers used only 3G networks. It is expected that during 2006 the subscribers would move from 2G to 3G and upgrade to the next 3.5 G level.
The success of 3G in Japan also shows that video telephony was the killer application for 3G networks. Downloading music was the biggest draw in 3G services.
In how many countries does 3G exist?
There are about 60 3G networks across 25 countries. In Asia, Europe and the USA, telecom firms use WCDMA technology. The WCDMA standard provides seamless global evolution from today's GSM with support of the worlds' largest mobile operators.
WCDMA technology is built on open standards, wide ranging mobile multimedia possibility, and vast potential economies of scale with the support of around 100 terminal designs to operate 3G mobile networks.
3G services were introduced in Europe in 2003.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Chilli is the fruit plant from the genus Capsicum and is cultivated worldwide for spiciness of the fruit. In India nearly all the cooked vegetables have chilli in them as a flavouring agent.
The substance or the chemical that gives spicy flavor in chilli or adds hotness in the taste is Capsaicin and few other chemicals called capsaicinoids. The hottest pepper or chilli of India is Bhut Jolokia i.e. also known as Ghost Pepper.
This fruit vegetable that adds heat to dishes originated in Mexico and gradually spread across the world. China produces nearly 50% of the world's total chilli production. The total production in the year 2016 was 34.5 million tonnes of green chilli and 3.9 million tonnes of dried chilli.
India is the leading in the production of dried chilli, it produces 36% of the total dried chilli production of the world. There are total five species of chilli that are domesticated and these five species have many varieties that are being cultivated.
Farmers can earn huge benefits by cultivating this vegetable plant in their farm, this plant is also loved by garden enthusiast. Gardeners are interested to grow different varieties of chilli in their alluring garden.
But to grow this plant successfully in large farms or home gardens, you need to be aware about major diseases that can affect your plant. Many farmers and gardeners have reported problem of leaf curl virus attack in their plants.
In this article I will tell you "how to control leaf curl virus in chilli?"
Leaf curl virus attack on peppers is one of the reason for reduced crop yields and in severe cases loss of total crop. This demotivates farmers and gardeners very much. But you do not need to get disappointed because you are an active member and reader of Agriculture Review.
I will discuss symptoms, control and preventive measures that you should follow to save your plants from leaf curl virus.
READ MORE: HOW TO GROW BELL PEPPERS
Table of Contents
Symptoms of Leaf curl virus disease in Chilli
- The first and the most important symptom is deformation and curling of leaves towards midrib.
- Flower growth become disrupted without having pollen grains in them therefore reduces overall fruit yield.
- Plant growth get stunted due to shortened internodes and reduction in leaf size due to curling.
- The vector of this disease is whitefly. They are responsible for transmitting this viral disease in your plants.
The control measures of virus diseases in chilli are not yet defined hence we try to adopt cultural and mechanical method to control this plant. I always believe that prevention is better than cure. That's why I suggest to adopt preventive measures seriously to save your plants from this disease.
Preventive Measures to Control Leaf Curl Virus
- Always select healthy, resistant and disease free seeds from the market. You can check the quality of the variety or cultivar on the internet. Purchase only if it shows resistant quality to this disease. Do not purchase open and untreated seeds.
- Avoid monoculture of chilli crop in large farms i.e. do not grow single crop of chilli only. Adopt intercultural practices in the field.
- Before sowing the seeds, soak it in solution having 150 grams Trisodium orthriphosphate in one litre of water for 30 minutes. It will inhibit seed borne inoculum. Wash seeds treated with this solution with water properly before sowing.
- Cover your nursery beds with nylon net or straw to prevent seeds from viral infection.
- If you are growing this crop in large farms then you should grow maize or sorghum as border crops to prevent spread of aphid vectors that can spread disease in your farm.
- Keep spraying insecticides timely, general prescription is once in a month to control aphid vectors. If you want to control organically then you can try spraying neem oil mix to prevent your plant from this disease. Spray neem oil mix weekly in late evenings.
Control Measures For Leaf Curl Virus Disease
- Remove the infected plant completely and burn them or bury them in a distant place.
- You can apply Carbofuran 3G @ 4 to 5 Kg per acre in agriculture farms. In home gardens try to control vectors by spraying neem oil mix or another organic substitute that I have already mentioned in the article on "Aphids Control."

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The surname Spink in my family tree is from my paternal line. At the moment I have 27 people with this surname. The earliest person is my 4x great grandfather William Spink who was born about 1764, probably in the Linton area of the Yorkshire Dales.
According to surnamedb the name Spink is of Anglo-Saxon origin. It is said to derive from a nickname given in the first instance to someone thought to resemble a finch in some way. Possibly with reference to its brightly coloured plumage or sweet singing voice.
A large number of early medieval surnames were gradually created from the habitual use of nicknames, given with reference to a variety of characteristics, such as
- a person's physical attributes or peculiarities
- mental or moral qualities
- a fancied resemblance to an animal's or bird's appearance or disposition
- habits of dress, or
The first recorded spelling of the family name is believed to be that of Roger Spinc dated 1133 in the "Chartulary of Ramsey Monastery", Bedforshire. Other early recordings are :-
Thomas Spink listed in the Assize Rolls of Northumberland in 1256; the marriage of Edmonde Spincke and Alice Madison in Stepney, London on 5th September 1604; and the marriage of Stephen Spink and Ann Ring on 29th October 1696.


text:
Holderfield History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms
- Origins Available:
Holderfield is a name of ancient Anglo-Saxon origin and comes from the family once having lived as tenants or occupiers of land. The surname Holderfield originally derived from the Old English word Haldan. Conversely, another source claims that the name was derived from the Old English word "h(e)aldan," meaning "to guard or keep." It is thought to have been an occupational name for a keeper of animals, but may also have been used in the sense of a holder of land within the Feudal System.
Early Origins of the Holderfield family
The surname Holderfield was first found in Gloucestershire and other counties and shires in Britain. One of the first records of the name was Robert le Holdere who was listed in Gloucestershire in the Hundredorum Rolls of 1273. The same rolls list Robert Holdere in Norfolk and Robert le Holdere in Cambridgeshire.
Early History of the Holderfield family
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Holderfield research. Another 60 words (4 lines of text) covering the years 1631, 1676, 1616, 1698, 1616, 1633, 1640, 1642 and 1643 are included under the topic Early Holderfield History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Holderfield Spelling Variations
Sound was what guided spelling in the essentially pre-literate Middle Ages, so one person's name was often recorded under several variations during a single lifetime. Also, before the advent of the printing press and the first dictionaries, the English language was not standardized. Therefore, spelling variations were common, even among the names of the most literate people. Known variations of the Holderfield family name include Holder, Holdere, Holders and others.
Early Notables of the Holderfield family (pre 1700)
Distinguished members of the family include Christopher Holder (c. _PHONE_), an English Quaker minister from Gloucestershire who emigrated to the Massachusetts Bay Colony but was still persecuted for his beliefs before moving to Rhode Island.
William Holder (_PHONE_), was an English divine, born in Nottinghamshire in 1616. He...
Another 46 words (3 lines of text) are included under the topic Early Holderfield Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Migration of the Holderfield family
For political, religious, and economic reasons, thousands of English families boarded ships for Ireland, Canada, the America colonies, and many of smaller tropical colonies in the hope of finding better lives abroad. Although the passage on the cramped, dank ships caused many to arrive in the New World diseased and starving, those families that survived the trip often went on to make valuable contributions to those new societies to which they arrived. Early immigrants bearing the Holderfield surname or a spelling variation of the name include: Christopher Holder settled in Boston in 1656, later moving to Newport R.I.; Elizabeth Holder settled in Virginia with her husband, John, in 1638; Nicholas and Meltih Holder settled in Barbados in 1679 with their servants..
Related Stories +
- ^ Reaney, P.H and R.M. Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames. London: Routledge, 1991. Print. (ISBN 0-415-05737-X)
- ^ Bardsley, C.W, A Dictionary of English and Welsh Surnames: With Special American Instances. Wiltshire: Heraldry Today, 1901. Print. (ISBN 0-900455-44-6)


text:
The CFSRs use multiple information sources to assess State performance, including data indicators, the Statewide Assessment, case record reviews, and a variety of interviews. These interviews might be with children, parents, foster parents, social workers, or other professionals working with a child; they may also involve State or other community stakeholders. All of these sources are necessary to gather both quantitative and qualitative data and to gain a comprehensive picture of the child welfare system.
Reviewers and Local Site Leaders serve as the principle data collectors during the onsite portion of the CFSRs. The amount of data they collect on site, as well as the sources of those data, are very important. No amount of subsequent data analysis can make up for a lack of original data quantity or quality. In other words, the data analysis required to inform both the Final Reports and the Program Improvement Plan can only be as good as the original data allow. This is why the Quality Assurance (QA) process, which ensures the validation and integrity of data collected onsite, is so important.
The QA process as a whole is divided into seven steps.
- Preliminary QA is conducted by reviewers prior to transferring completed cases to a site leader for First-Level QA. It is also conducted by site leaders before they begin First-Level QA.
- First-Level QA, also called Onsite QA, is the first QA review of a case by a Local Site Leader. Cases are reviewed to ensure that data collected are clean, complete, and consistent.
- Second-Level QA, also called State QA, is the final local case-level QA conducted on an individual case. It is conducted by site leaders with a great deal of CFSR and child welfare-related experience who are approved to do Second-Level QA by the Children's Bureau. They may be located onsite or offsite. They conduct a final review of cases to ensure that data collected are clean, complete, and consistent.
- Local Site Finalization is a final confirmation that all case and stakeholder data have been finalized and uploaded to the central server.
- Data Validation is a final review of all State data to ensure that data are clean, complete, and consistent across the State.
- Third-Level QA is a post-review check of case data.
- Data Change Management is a process to validate and update OSRI data as applicable and appropriate.
There are a number of tools designed to support this process, called collectively the "Data Integrity Materials."


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i've a problem doing a full text search in lucene.net where the search result contains special lucene characters.
I've a field named "content" in my Lucene documents. This field is created as followed and contains the content of the indexed documents:
document.Add(new Field("content", fulltext, Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.ANALYZED));
For creating the index i'm using the Standardanalyzer.
For querying the index i'm using the following code:
var queryParser = new QueryParser(Lucene.Net.Util.Version.LUCENE_29, "content", analayzer);
Query fullTextQuery = queryParser.Parse(queryString);
The query is then added to a BooleanQuery which is used to get the results from a IndexSearcher. I think the rest of the code is not that important, because the code works like it should for 99% of the queries. I'm also using the StandardAnalyzer for querying the index.
Now here is the problem. Sometimes the "content" field of a document contains text that is separated using "-"
some text some text selector-lever some text some text
Now when i'm doing a full text search (exact phrase) using "selector lever". The query looks like this:
content:"selector lever"
The problem here is that also the document containing the above text is found, although it shouldn't be found because the 2 words are separated using the "-" and not blank.
I think it has something to do with the analyzer and the fact that "-" is a special character in lucene.
Maybe someone can help me solving this problem.
thanks in advance Martin
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
You are right in thinking that the problem is the analyzer that you are using at index time.
From the Lucene javadocs:
A grammar-based tokenizer constructed with JFlex
This should be a good tokenizer for most European-language documents:
 - Splits words at punctuation characters, removing punctuation. However, a dot that's not followed by whitespace is considered part of a token.
 - Splits words at hyphens, unless there's a number in the token, in which case the whole token is interpreted as a product number and is not split.
 - Recognizes email addresses and internet hostnames as one token.
Many applications have specific tokenizer needs. If this tokenizer does not suit your application, please consider copying this source code directory to your project and maintaining your own grammar-based tokenizer.
Therefore, in your case you would need to index your documents with a more strict Analyzer like the WhitespaceAnalyzer which only splits on whitespace.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text: Hexavalent Chromium found in wet cement is water soluble. Therefore it can soak into skin and eventually enter the skin's cells. There it can bind with cell protein and produce an allergic reaction. Neutralite converts Hexavalent Chromium to Trivalent Chromium. Trivalent Chromium is a solid and cannot penetrate skin cells. Neutralite reduces Hexavalent Chromium to undetectable limits in wet cement and greatly reduces the risk of allergic sensitization.


text:
Photo Credits: ya webdesign
First Communion is a ceremony in some Christian traditions during which a person first receives the Eucharist (sacramental bread and wine) and it symbolizes that a person enters into the Catholic Church as an adult. This ceremony is very important to Catholics and it typically occurs between the ages of seven and thirteen. But one boy was denied his First Communion by a Catholic Church in New Jersey because he is an autistic child so Saint Aloysis Church in Jackson, New Jersey, decided that he is unable to determine right from wrong.
This is not the first time that a Catholic Church denies Communion to someone. It became common to hear stories of Catholic priests denying communion because of a person's beliefs. One of the most famous examples is former Vice President, Joe Biden, who was denied Holy Communion because of his support of abortion and the explanation was that this was based on Church law. On the other hand, Saint Aloysis Church decided to deny First Communion to a boy who has medical issues. This is probably the first time that something like this happened and the reason why Church did it is concerning.
The boy's father, Jimmy LaCugna, posted about his situation on Facebook and received messages of support from people who were angry with the Church because of its decision. "This is very hard and upsetting to comprehend when we all are created by God and now our son is being shunned from the Catholic faith due to his inability to communicate," the father wrote, as The Fox News reports. The Church reacted by a statement citing Church rules that say "a Catholic cannot be denied the sacraments as long as they are properly prepared and are ready to receive the sacraments." According to Patheos, they added that, after some research, "new information has come to light" that would allow them to give the boy communion.
Even though the Church "did some research" and is now on the course to give the boy communion, the parents are no longer sure about the idea that their son receives communion from a priest who discriminated against him. The Church's decision was totally discriminatory on the basis of boy's illness and According to the comments on LaCugna's Facebook post that this is not an isolated case. Many congregants with mental disabilities were denied religious rites in all kind of religious traditions and this is very concerning. People with medical conditions, especially children, should not be discriminated against but they should sometimes even receive better treatment together with their parents in order to make some things easier for them, if possible.


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Issue No.02 - February (2006 vol.32)
pp: 93-110
ABSTRACT
Atomicity is a correctness condition for concurrent systems. Informally, atomicity is the property that every concurrent execution of a set of transactions is equivalent to some serial execution of the same transactions. In multithreaded programs, executions of procedures (or methods) can be regarded as transactions. Correctness in the presence of concurrency typically requires atomicity of these transactions. Tools that automatically detect atomicity violations can uncover subtle errors that are hard to find with traditional debugging and testing techniques. This paper describes two algorithms for runtime detection of atomicity violations and compares their cost and effectiveness. The reduction-based algorithm checks atomicity based on commutativity properties of events in a trace; the block-based algorithm efficiently represents the relevant information about a trace as a set of blocks (i.e., pairs of events plus associated synchronizations) and checks atomicity by comparing each block with other blocks. To improve the efficiency and accuracy of both algorithms, we incorporate a multilockset algorithm for checking data races, dynamic escape analysis, and happen-before analysis. Experiments show that both algorithms are effective in finding atomicity violations. The block-based algorithm is more accurate but more expensive than the reduction-based algorithm.
INDEX TERMS
Concurrent programming, testing and debugging, Java, data race, atomicity.
CITATION
Liqiang Wang, Scott D. Stoller, "Runtime Analysis of Atomicity for Multithreaded Programs", IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol.32, no. 2, pp. 93-110, February 2006, doi:10.1109/TSE.2006.18
5 ms
(Ver 2.0)
Marketing Automation Platform Marketing Automation Tool


r, 0));
}
}
}
lastTransactionNumber = atoi(strLastTransactionNumber.c_str());
return strLastTransactionNumber;
}
The GetLastTransactionNumber() is a Medium Level function used to retrieve the last transaction number in
the transaction database. The last transaction number is the highest number in the entire database, thus
making it the last number as the primary key ID of the recorded transactions. Unlike the
GetLastTransactionNumberString() function, this function returns the number value as an integer type,
rather than an integer. Its primary purpose serves for the assisting in the storing of a new transaction record in
the database, while providing a new ID number for the new transaction which is incremented with the retrieved
last transaction number.
int GetLastTransactionNumber()
{
string createCommand;
createCommand = "SELECT * FROM transactiondatabase ORDER BY transactionnumber DESC LIMIT 1";
PGresult *result;
result = PQexec(accountDB, createCommand.c_str());
int nrows = PQntuples(result);
string mystring;
string strLastTransactionNumber;
int lastTransactionNumber;
switch(PQresultStatus(result))
{
case PGRES_TUPLES_OK:
{
int r;
int nrows = PQntuples(result);
int nfields = PQnfields(result);
for(r = 0; r < nrows; r++)
{
strLastTransactionNumber = string(PQgetvalue(result,r, 0));
}
}
}
lastTransactionNumber = atoi(strLastTransactionNumber.c_str());
return lastTransactionNumber;
}
The StoreWithdrawalTransaction() is a Medium Level function which facilitates the storing a withdrawal type
transaction into the transaction database. It assembles an INSERT SQL query, which inserts the specified
function parameter values into the transaction database.
void StoreWithdrawalTransaction(string transactionNumber, string accountNumber,
int transactionSuccess, double transactionAmount,
int transactionTime, int transactionDate)
{
string createCommand;
createCommand = "INSERT INTO transactiondatabase VALUES(";
createCommand += transactionNumber;
createCommand += ",'";
createCommand += "0',";
createCommand += doubleToString(transactionAmount);
createCommand += ", ";
createCommand += accountNumber;
createCommand += ", ";
createCommand += doubleToString(transactionTime);
createCommand += ", ";
createCommand += doubleToString(transactionDate);
createCommand += ", '";
createCommand += doubleToString(transactionSuccess);
createCommand += "')";
commandSQL(accountDB, createCommand.c_str());
}
The StoreDepositTransaction() is a Medium Level function which facilitates the storing of a deposit type
transaction into the transaction database. This function is literarily the same as the
StoreWithdrawalTransaction() function, except that the 'transactiontype' column in the transaction
database is marked with a boolean value of '1' or 'TRUE' to mark the transaction as a deposit; as opposed to
the StoreWithdrawalFunction() which stores '0' or 'FALSE' to mark the transaction as a withdrawal type.
void StoreDepositTransaction(string transactionNumber, string accountNumber,
int transactionSuccess, double transactionAmount,
int transactionTime, int transactionDate)
{
string createCommand;
createCommand = "INSERT INTO transactiondatabase VALUES(";
createCommand += transactionNumber;
createCommand += ",'";
createCommand += "1',";
createCommand += doubleToString(transactionAmount);
createCommand += ", ";
createCommand += accountNumber;
createCommand += ", ";
createCommand += doubleToString(transactionTime);
createCommand += ", ";
createCommand += doubleToString(transactionDate);
createCommand += ", '";
createCommand += doubleToString(transactionSuccess);
createCommand += "')";
commandSQL(accountDB, createCommand.c_str());
}
The commandSQL() function is a Medium Level function facilitating the execution of the SQL queries, mainly
the INSERT, DELETE and UPDATE queries. It provides an abstract implementation for interfacing to the
PostgreSQL® database in order to allow for possibilities of interfacing the ATM software towards other
databases such as MySQL®.
void commandSQL(PGconn *conn, string command)
{
cout << "SQL command run..." << endl;
PGresult *result;
result = PQexec(conn, command.c_str());
switch(PQresultStatus(result))
{
case PGRES_TUPLES_OK:
{
/*************************************************************
* To get single value from result that is readable, must use *
* PQgetvalue(result, 0, 0) parameters!!! *
*************************************************************/
string mystring;
int mynumber;
mystring = string(PQgetvalue(result,0,0)); //return PQgetvalue in string
type
mynumber = atoi(mystring.c_str()); //return integer
PQclear(result);
}
}
}
The showMenu() function displays a set of menu items on the screen.
void showMenu()
{
system("cls");
printf("1. Create Bank Account. \n");
printf("2. Check existing Bank Account. \n");
printf("3. Activate Bank Account. \n");
printf("4. Deactivate Bank Account. \n");
printf("5. Check Account Balance \n");
printf("6. Show All Account Transactions \n");
printf("7. Withdraw Money from Account \n");
printf("8. Deposit Money to Account \n");
printf("9. Exit.\n\n");
printf("0. Customer Menu.\n\n");
}
The showMaintenanceMenu() function displays a set of database administrative/maintenance items on the
screen.
void showMaintenanceMenu()
{
system("cls");
printf("1. Create database tables.\n");
printf("2. Output database tables.\n");
printf("3. Perform test query.\n\n");
printf("0. Back to main menu.\n");
}
The maintenanceMode() function processes the call in order to switch to the maintenance mode
processMaintenanceMenu() function which displays the maintenance menu.
void maintenanceMode()
{
printf("maintenanceMode()...\n");
processMaintenanceMenu();
}
The processMainMenu() function processes the input for the main menu options.
void processMainMenu()
{
char ch = '1';
do{
switch(getch())
{
case '1':
MenuCreateAccount();
break;
case '2':
MenuCheckExistingAccount();
break;
case '3':
MenuActivateBankAccount();
break;
case '4':
MenuDeactivateBankAccount();
break;
case '5':
MenuCheckAccountBalance();
break;
case '6':
MenuShowAllAccountTransactions();
break;
case '7':
MenuWithdrawFromAccount();
break;
case '8':
MenuDepositToAccount();
break


text:
The Diary for the year 2022 has a theme article on The Glory of Prasanthi Nilayam, and a six pages write-up under the captions:
- Bhajans for Unity, Purity, Divinity
- The Sri Sathya Sai Mission of Veda Posahana and
- Seva and Sadhana. It also has inspiring quotations of Bhagawan at the bottom of each of the two-colour diary inner pages.
- This book contains all the messages about "Gayatri Manta" as told or written by Bhagwan.
- The contents are picked from various speeches of Bhagwan during various occasions.
- The research team had spent 8 months and have browsed through 3000 discourses, 15 Vahinis written by Bhagwan and 15 Summer Showers to bring out this unique and invaluable treasure store on "Gayatri Mantra".
- This book has two partsthe first part is in English and the second part is in Tamil (translation of the English part), thus catering to both the section of readers.


text:
Since computing matrix inverse is rather difficult while computing matrix transpose is straightforward, orthogonal matrix make difficult operation easier. Orthogonal matrix is important in many applications because of its properties.
Is matrix an orthogonal matrix?
To test whether a matrix is an orthogonal matrix, we multiply the matrix to its transpose. If the result is an identity matrix, then the input matrix is an orthogonal matrix.
Thus, matrix is an orthogonal matrix.
The interactive program below is designed to answers the question whether the given input matrix is an orthogonal matrix. When you click Random Example button, it will create random input matrix to provide you with many examples of both orthogonal and non-orthogonal matrices. You can also try to input your own matrix to test whether it is an orthogonal matrix or not.
Some important properties of orthogonal matrix are
- Orthogonal matrix is always a square matrix
is an orthogonal matrix order
with real entries then
- The inner product of two row vectors or two column vectors of matrix is zero
- The row vector and the column vector of matrix is orthonormal (the Euclidean vector norm is one)
- The transpose matrix is also an orthogonal matrix
- The inverse matrix is also an orthogonal matrix
- The product to its transpose is identity matrix
- The absolute magnitude the determinant is one, that is
- The eigenvectors of are real and orthogonal
- The eigenvalues of are equal to +1 or -1 (note the theoretical of eigenvalue and eigenvectors of orthogonal matrix is sometimes difficult to obtain numerically due to round off error).
are vector of
- Inner product with orthogonal matrix is preserved
- Euclidean norm is preserved
- For any square matrix, there exist a unitary matrix such that matrix is upper triangular (Schurs theorem).
- Unitary matrix is generalization of orthogonal matrix with entries of complex numbers
- Both Hermitian and Unitary matrix (including symmetric and orthogonal matrix) are called normal matrix because the eigen vectors form orthonormal set.


text:
The paper "Services Marketing: Case of Inn Restaurant" is a great example of a case study on marketing. The service industry is faced with many challenges ranging from competition to quality of services offered. Inn Restaurant is an example of such a business that serves consumers with foods and drinks. Inn Restaurant has been operating for the last ten years and has witnessed an increase in market share. Inn Restaurant has potential fall points, which include servicescape, quality of service and food, and lack of appropriate marketing strategy. To counter these weaknesses, it is important to improve servicescape, improving the quality of services and foods, and also formulating and implementing appropriate marketing strategies. Management of the consumers and demand is important in ensuring that the requirements of the consumers are met.
This can be achieved by implementing an appropriate management model that incorporates all functions of an organization. The demand management should ensure that products and services sold in the Inn Restaurant are frequently updated, follow-up of consumers is championed, and varieties of food and drinks are offered. In addition, Inn Restaurant understands the importance of customer management and it has formulated strategies in terms of managing customer waiting time, reservation strategies, and queuing strategies. Introduction Competition and changing consumer requirements have resulted in the introduction of new and unique strategies making a business successful (Hsu & Powers, 2001).
Within the service industry, service marketing aims in making consumers appreciate what is been offered and the offerings are based on experience (Fisk, Grove & John, 2007). Positive experiences contribute immensely to the service industry compared to negative experiences. Inn Restaurant is an example of business sees the importance of service marketing and it utilizes service marketing in ensuring that the business is successful.
The paper analyses Inn Restaurant from the perspective of service marketing. Overview of the service (Inn Restaurant) The restaurant is an establishment that prepares and serves drinks and food to customers with the aiming of earning an income (Rao, 2011). Many of the restaurants usually offer meals that are eaten within the restaurant. Offerings within a restaurant differ based on the requirements of consumers and the location of the restaurant (Hoffman & Bateson, 2010).
Inn Restaurant is an example of a restaurant that has been operating for the last ten years and has continuously grown the increasing customer base, market share and its perception towards consumers plus competitors (Hsu & Powers, 2001). Potential Fail Points In any business, there are areas where corrections should be introduced to ensure that a business operates efficiently (Lockyer, 2007).


gx) = ρ(g)[x]
where 1G is the trivial representation of G. This defines a G×G morphism of representations.
Now we use the above lemma and obtain the G×G morphism of representations
f':\bar{V}\otimes V\rightarrow \overline{\mathbf{C}[G]}.
The dual representation of C[G] as a G×G-representation is equivalent to C[G]. An isomorphism is given if we define the contraction 〈g,h〉 = δgh. So, we end up with a G×G-morphism of representations
f'':\bar{V}\otimes V\rightarrow \mathbf{C}[G].
f''(x\otimes y)=\sum_{g\in G}\langle x,\rho(g)[y]\rangle g
for all x in \bar{V} and y in V.
By Schur's lemma, the image of f″ is a G×G irreducible representation, which is therefore n×n dimensional, which also happens to be a subrepresentation of C[G] (f″ is nonzero).
This is n direct sum equivalent copies V. Note that if ρ1 and ρ2 are equivalent G-irreducible representations, the respective images of the intertwining matrices would give rise to the same G×G-irreducible representation of C[G].
Here, we use the fact that if f is a function over G, then
\sum_{g\in G}f(g)hgk^{-1}=\sum_{g\in G}f(h^{-1}gk)g
We convert C[G] into a Hilbert space by introducing the norm where 〈g,h〉 is 1 if g is h and zero otherwise. This is different from the 'contraction' given a couple of paragraphs back, in that this form is sesquilinear. This makes C[G] a unitary representation of G×G. In particular, we now have the concepts of orthogonal complement and orthogonality of subrepresentations.
In particular, if C[G] contains two inequivalent irreducible G×G subrepresentations, then both subrepresentations are orthogonal to each other. To see this, note that for every subspace of a Hilbert space, there exists a unique linear transformation from the Hilbert space to itself which maps points on the subspace to itself while mapping points on its orthogonal complement to zero. This is called the projection map. The projection map associated with the first irreducible representation is an intertwiner. Restricted to the second irreducible representation, it gives an intertwiner from the second irreducible representation to the first. Using Schur's lemma, this must be zero.
Now suppose AB is a G×G-irreducible representation of C[G].
Note. The complex irreducible representations of G×H are always a direct product of a complex irreducible representation of G and a complex irreducible representation of H. This is not the case for real irreducible representations. As an example, there is a 2-dimensional real irreducible representation of the group C3 × C3 which transforms nontrivially under both copies of C3 but cannot be expressed as the direct product of two irreducible representations of C3.
This representation is also a G-representation (nA direct sum copies of B where nA is the dimension of A). If Y is an element of this representation (and hence also of C[G]) and X an element of its dual representation (which is a subrepresentation of the dual representation of C[G]), then
f''(X\otimes Y)=\sum_{g\in G}\langle X,\rho(g)[Y]\rangle g=\sum_{g\in G} \langle X,Yg^{-1}\rangle g
=\sum_{g\in G}\langle X,g^{-1}\rangle gY=\sum_{g\in G}\langle X,g^{-1}\rangle (g,e)[Y]
where e is the identity of G. Though the f″ defined a couple of paragraphs back is only defined for G-irreducible representations, and though AB is not a G-irreducible representation in general, we claim this argument could be made correct since AB is simply the direct sum of copies of Bs, and we have shown that each copy all maps to the same G×G-irreducible subrepresentation of C[G], we have just showed that \bar{B}\otimes B as an irreducible G×G-subrepresentation of C[G] is contained in AB as another irreducible G×G-subrepresentation of C[G]. Using Schur's lemma again, this means both irreducible representations are the same.
Putting all of this together,
Theorem. C[G] ≅ \sum_V \bar{V}\otimes_G V where the sum is taken over the inequivalent G-irreducible representations V.
Corollary. If there are p inequivalent G-irreducible representations, Vi, each of dimension ni, then |G| = n12 +... + np2.
Character theory[edit]
Main article: Character theory
There is a mapping from G to the complex numbers for each representation called the character given by the trace of the linear transformation upon the representation generated by the element of G in question
\chi_{\rho}(g) = \mathrm{Tr}(\rho(g))\,
All elements of G belonging to the same conjugacy class have the same character: in other words χρ is a class function on G. This follows from
\mathrm{Tr} (\rho (ghg^{-1}))=\mathrm{Tr} (\rho(g)\rho(h)\rho(g)^{-1})=\mathrm{Tr}(\rho(h))
by the cyclic property of the trace of a matrix.
What are the characters of C[G]? Using the property that gh−1 is only the same as g if h = e, χC[G](g) is |G| if g=e and 0 otherwise.
The character of a direct sum of representations is simply the sum of their individual characters.
Putting all of this together,
\sum_{i=1}^p n_i \chi_{V_i}(g)=|G|\delta_{ge}
with the Kronecker delta on the right hand side.
Repeat this, working with characters of G×G instead of characters, of G which I'll call Δ. Then, ΔC[G](g,h) is the number of elements k in G satisfying g k h−1 = k. This is equal to
\sum_{i=1}^p \chi_{\bar{V}_i}(g)\chi_{V_i}(h)=\sum_{i=1}^p \chi_{V_i}(g^{-1})\chi_{V_i}(h)=\sum_{i=1}^p \chi_{V_i}(g)^*\chi_{V_i}(h)
where * denotes complex conjugation. After all, C[G] is a unitary representation and any subrepresentation of a finite unitary representation is another unitary representation; and all irreducible representations are (equivalent to) a subrepresentation of C[G].
\sum_{h \in G}\Delta_{C[G]}((g,hkh^{-1})).
This is |G| times the number of elements which commute with g; which is |G|2 divided by the size of the conjugacy class of g, if g and k belong to the same conjugacy class, but zero otherwise. Therefore, for each conjugacy class Ci of size mi, the characters are the same for each element of the conjugacy class and so we can just call χρ(Ci) by an abuse of notation). Then,
Note that
\sum_{g\in G}\rho(g)
is a self-intertwiner (or invariant). This linear transformation, when applied to C[G] (as a representation of the second copy of G×G), would give as its image the 1-dimensional subrepresentation generated by
\sum_{g\in G}g;
which is obviously the trivial representation.
Since we know C[G] contains all irreducible representations up to equivalence and using Schur's lemma, we conclude that
for irreducible representations is zero if it's not the trivial irreducible representation; and it's of course |G|1 if the irreducible representation is trivial.
Given two irreducible representations Vi and Vj, we can construct a G-representation
\bar{V}_i\otimes V_j,
this time not as a G×G representation but an ordinary G-representation. See direct product of representations. Then,
\chi_{\bar{V}_i\otimes V_j}(g)=\chi_{\bar{V}_i}(g)\chi_{V_j}(g)=\chi_{V_i}(g)^*\chi_{V_k}(g).
It can be shown that any irreducible representation can be turned into a unitary irreducible representation. So, the direct product of two irreducible representations can also be turned into a unitary representations and now, we have the neat orthogonality property allowing us to decompose the direct product into a direct sum of irreducible representations (we're also using the property that for finite-dimensional representations, if you keep taking proper subrepresentations, you'll hit an irreducible representation eventually. There's no infinite strictly decreasing sequence of positive integers). See Maschke's theorem.
If ij, then this decomposition does not contain the trivial representation (Otherwise, we'd have a nonzero intert


A sharp upper bound on the probability of a random vector falling outside a polytope, based solely on the first and second moments of its distribution, can be computed efficiently using semidefinite programming. However, this Chebyshev-type bound tends to be overly conservative since it is determined by a discrete worst-case distribution. In this paper we obtain a less pessimistic Gauss-type bound by imposing the additional requirement that the random vector's distribution must be unimodal. We prove that this generalized Gauss bound still admits an exact and tractable semidefinite representation. Moreover, we demonstrate that both the Chebyshev and Gauss bounds can be obtained within a unified framework using a generalized notion of unimodality. We also offer new perspectives on the computational solution of generalized moment problems, since we use concepts from Choquet theory instead of traditional duality arguments to derive semidefinite representations for worst-case probability bounds.


text:
Accueil › UNITAR/UNEP e-Course - Introduction to a Green Economy: Concepts and Applications ›
UNITAR/UNEP e-Course - Introduction to a Green Economy: Concepts and Applications
The concept of a green economy is receiving increasing international attention, as countries explore new patterns of development that take into account economic, social and environmental sustainability considerations. The recent UN Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20), June 2012, reaffirmed the role of a green economy in achieving sustainable development.
In order to provide interested stakeholders from government, business, civil society and academia with an introduction to the green economy concept the United Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) are offering an interactive e-learning course from 8 October to 30 November 2012.
Participants will learn about different concepts and facets of the green economy, as well as global, national and sector-specific challenges and opportunities to advance low-carbon, resource efficient and socially inclusive development. Additionally, participants will begin to develop basic skills for applying the green economy concept in a real world economic, policy and/or personal context.
Learning Methodology and Activities
The course pedagogy is adapted to professionals in full-time work. Participants are provided with the opportunity to learn through various experiences: absorb (read); do (activity); interact (socialize); and reflect (relate to one's own reality). The total number of learning hours is 40 over an 8 week period. During weeks 1-5 the reading of an e-book is complemented by a range of learning activities and experiences that include interactive exercises, discussion forums, and an applied case study. Weeks 6-8 are reserved for wrap-up and completing course assignments.
- Assessment tests appraise the comprehension of the key facts and concepts at the end of each module.
- Discussion forums foster interaction and reflection on a specific issue selected by the course moderator or course participants. Contributions will be directly posted in an online forum where they are available to all students.
- An applied case study provides participants with the opportunity to apply the green economy concept in the framework of a real world situation. Participants will identify the problem context, relevant issues, define appropriate measures, and develop a green action plan for a particular setting. Each case study is peer-reviewed by a group of course participants.
Registration and Additional Information
Please contact the UNITAR Environmental Governance Programme for details about fellowships and course registration at _EMAIL_. Additional information is also available in the Course Brochure (Click here to access the Brochure).
To register please visit our Online Event Section.
Certificate of Completion
A Certificate of Completion will be issued by UNITAR to all participants who complete the course-related assignments and assessments successfully.
Access to internet is an essential condition for participation. UNITAR also recommends the following as a minimum in hardware and software to take our e-Learning courses:
- Platform: Windows 95, 98, 2000, NT, ME, XP or superior; MacOS 9 or MacOS X; Linux
- Hardware: 64 MB of RAM, 1 GB of free disk space
- Adobe Acrobat Reader
- Adobe Flash Player
- Microsoft Office (Windows or Mac) or Open Office
- Browser: Internet Explorer 7 or higher or Firefox 3.6 or higher
- Modem: 56 K
Les dernières nouvelles


text:
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Topic: Sarah Ferguson
Jump to
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Sarah Ferguson News
Sarah, Duchess of York (Sarah Margaret; née Ferguson; born 15 October 1959) is a British charity patron, spokesperson, writer, film producer, television personality and former member of the British Royal Family. She was married to Queen Elizabeth II's second son, Prince Andrew, Duke of York, from 1986 to 1996. She is often popularly referred to as "Fergie", a common nickname for people named Ferguson.
The Duchess is the younger daughter of Major Ronald Ferguson and Susan Barrantes (née Wright), both now deceased. Her children, Princess Beatrice of York and Princess Eugenie of York, are respectively fifth and sixth in the line of succession to the thrones of 16 independent Commonwealth realm states.
Sarah Margaret Ferguson is the second daughter of Major Ronald Ferguson and his first wife, Susan Mary Wright. Sarah's older sister is Jane Ferguson Luedecke, a public relations executive now living and working in Australia. After Sarah's parents divorced in 1972, her mother remarried polo player Hector Barrantes and moved to Trenque Lauquen in the Argentine pampas. Sarah stayed at the 480-acre (1.9 km2) Dummer Down Farm at Dummer, Hampshire, her father's home since age 8. Major Ferguson remarried and had three more children.
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Sarah Ferguson."


text:
|Stamp Goldspotted Eel in catalogues|
|Yvert et Tellier:||Yt: VC 6378|
Stamp is square format.
Also in the issue Tropical Eels:
Data entry completed
|Stamp Goldspotted Eel in digits|
|Country:||Saint Vincent and The Grenadines|
|Face Value:||5 East Caribbean dollar|
Stamp Goldspotted Eel it reflects the thematic directions:
Marine life, or sea life or ocean life, refers to the plants, animals and other organisms that live in the salt water of the sea or ocean, or the brackish water of coastal estuaries. At a fundamental level, marine life helps determine the very nature of our planet. Marine organisms produce much of the oxygen we breathe. Shorelines are in part shaped and protected by marine life, and some marine organisms even help create new land. Altogether there are 230,000 documented marine species, including over 16,000 species of fish, and it has been estimated that nearly two million marine species are yet to be documented. Marine species range in size from the microscopic, including plankton and phytoplankton which can be as small as 0.02 micrometres, to huge cetaceans (whales, dolphins and porpoises) which in the case of the blue whale reach up to 33 metres (109 feet) in length, being the largest known animal.
For more information about Goldspotted Eel, you can search for GOOGLE


text:
Louis Vuitton Boston Outlet
Cut out the cone and cut slits in towards the seam between each of the scallops, as shown in Figure A. Sew a seam across the ribbon, inside the fold on each side, parallel to the sides of the doll, as in Figure C. That way, if you accidentally swerve away from the ruler when cutting, the piece under the ruler will be "safe. Louis Vuitton Boston Outlet. Sew a scam across at the bottom, holding all the layers together, as shown in Figure A. Sew together one red print triangle and one light print triangle to make a triangle-square (see Diagram 1). The slipper is of double thickness and has a fold line as indicated in the pattern; there is no difference between the left and right foot. Louis Vuitton Boston Outlet.


text:
The measurement of low levels of water in solvents is paramount to several chemical processes. The following communication discusses the measurement of the water concentration in solvents by utilizing fiber optic based, Near-Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy.
NIR is capable of being applied in real time mode for constant process monitoring or as a laboratory procedure. Through quick non-destructive analysis, the NIR technique saves time and money in either case. In addition, NIR provides the advantage of increased safety in comparison to traditional methods through utilizing remote sampling by fiber optics.
The NIR segment of the electromagnetic spectrum includes information from the overtone and combination bands of the C-H, O-H, and N-H fundamentals. This information is connected to the chemical composition and is capable of being used for both quantitative and qualitative analysis.
As water has two strong absorption bands in the NIR, it is a brilliant candidate for carrying out low level measurements. The bands connected to water appear at 1,400 nm and 1,900 nm, the latter being the strongest.
The background solvent and water concentration decide the choice of band to use. Via measuring the NIR spectra of a sequence of samples of known water concentration, a quantitative model can be formed which will facilitate the measurement of water in upcoming samples based only on the NIR spectrum.
Experimental – Water in Methanol
The NIR spectra of a series of 22 samples of varying levels of water in methanol were measured between 1,000 and 2,100 nm by utilizing a Guided Wave NIR-O™ Process NIR Spectrometry and a 1 cm pathlength cell at a constant temperature. Absorbance spectra of the samples with water concentrations in the range of 0% to 2% is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. NIR Spectra of Water in Methanol 0-2%
The methanol causes the high absorbance levels in the data from 1,400 to 1,800 nm. This section of the spectrum is not necessary for water measurements and will be excluded from the analysis. Quantitative Partial Least Squares (PLS) calibration models was created from the spectra and concentration data using Camo's Unscrambler™ multivariate analysis software. A discussion of the PLS regression method and other multivariate calibration techniques is available with Martens and Naes and ASTM E1655.
Results – Water in Methanol
Figure 2 shows the results of the data analysis. The model RMSEP cv (root mean square error of prediction for cross validation) was 507 ppm for the whole breadth of values. This is equal to around 1% of relative error on average. The experiment was carried out at constant temperature. Spectral data alterations are anticipated with temperature variations; however, this can be compensated for via including samples measured at different temperatures in the model.
Figure 2. Predicted vs. Actual Water in Methanol
Experimental – Low Levels of Water in Hydrocarbon
To display lower levels of water measurement, the NIR spectra of a series of 17 samples with different levels of water in a hydrocarbon background were measured in the range from 1,100 nm to 1,600 nm using a Guided Wave NIR-O Process NIR Spectrometer and a 3 cm pathlength cell. A longer pathlength is utilized to permit the use of the 1,400 nm peak. The absorbance spectra of the samples with water concentrations in the range of 0 to 1,500 ppm is showed in Figure 3.
Figure 3. Absorbance Spectra - Low Levels of Water in Hydrocarbon
The water band is visible in the 1,400 nm area. This section of the spectrum was chosen for the regression analysis. To correct for baseline offsets, a first derivative was applied to the spectral data and the ensuing data used with the concentration data to make a quantitative model using PLS regression.
Results – Low Levels of Water in Hydrocarbon
Figure 4 illustrates the results of the low level water measurements. The model RMSEP cv (root mean square error of prediction for cross validation) was 16 ppm water. Water is capable of being detected at significantly lower levels in solvents lacking OH because there is less interaction between the base solvent and the water.
Figure 4. Predicted vs Actual Water in Hydrocarbon
The measurement of the water levels in solvents by NIR spectroscopy is both quick and dependable using the Guided Wave hardware and software tools as expressed here. This method yields real-time (seconds) available results that make it a valuable tool for process measurement.
This method can be employed in either a process or a laboratory setting.
References and Further Reading
- H. Martens, T. Naes, Multivariate Calibration, John Wiley and Sons, 1989.
- ASTM E1655 Standard Practices for Infrared, Multivariate, Quantitative Analysis.
This information has been sourced, reviewed and adapted from materials provided by Guided Wave.
For more information on this source, please visit Guided Wave.


text:
Testing Laboratory – Required Analysis Testing
Testing Laboratory – Required Analysis Testing Procedures are discussed in this section
§.5714. Required Testing
(a) The laboratory shall test each sample for the following:
(2) Foreign material;
(3) Heavy metals;
(4) Microbial impurities;
(6) Moisture content and wafer activity;
(7) Residual pesticides; (8) Residual solvents and processing chemicals;
(9) If applicable, terpenoids; and
(10) If applicable, homogeneity.
(b) The laboratory shall report the results of each analysis performed by the laboratory on the certificate of analysis.
Proposed Regs. – Oct. 19, 2018
The section has been amended by revising the numbering of the subsections and adding a new subsection (a) that specifies and clarifies that all sample increments collected must be homogenized prior to sample analyses, notwithstanding foreign material testing. This is necessary to ensure that sample increments are homogenized, to preserve the integrity of testing, and standardize sample preparation procedures.
A new subsection (d) has been added to clarify and specify that the laboratory collecting the representative sample, is to be the laboratory that completes all the required testing for each representative sample for regulatory compliance testing. This is necessary to ensure that representatives samples are not being tested by different licensed laboratories and are only being tested by the laboratory collecting the sample, and to preserve the integrity of testing.
The reference section has been revised to correct a typographical error.
Authority: Section 26013, Business and Professions Code. Reference: Sections 26100, 26104 and 26110, Business and Professions Code.
- ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation
- Collect samples from each batch at the distributor's premises
- Harvest batch (prepacked or unpacked) equal to no more than 50 pounds
- Manufactured product batch equals no more than 150,000 units
- Must develop and implement a chain of custody protocol to document the transportation, handling, storage, and destruction of samples
- Must generate a certificate of analysis for each primary sample the lab analyzes
- § 5708. Cannabis Product Batch Sampling
(a) The sampler shall collect both a primary sample and a field duplicate sample from each cannabis product batch. The sampler shall collect the field duplicate sample contemporaneous Co, and in the same manner as, a collection of the primary sample.
(b) The sampler may collect a greater number of increments per primary sample and field duplicate sample if necessary to perform the required testing or to ensure that the samples obtained are representative.
(c) The cannabis product batch from which a primary sample and a field duplicate sample are obtained sha11 contain no more Phan 150,000 units. Laboratory analyses of a sample collected from a cannabis product batch containing more than 150,000 units shall be deemed invalid and the cannabis product batch from which the primary sample and a field duplicate sample were obtained may. not be released for retail sale.
(d) The sampler shall obtain a primary sample and a field duplicate sample of cannabis product by collecting, at the minimum, the mm~ber of increments per sample relative to the cannabis product batch size as listed in the following table. Each increment consists of 1 packaged unit. Cannabis Product Batch Size Number of Increments
Proposed Regs. – October 19, 2018
Subsections (b) and (d) of this section have been amended, by adding "sample" before increments, to clarify and specify that the increments referred to are sample increments.
Subsection (c) has been revised to change the term "may not" to "shall not." This is necessary for the consistent use of terms throughout the regulation.


text:
SI-EtherCAT allows Control Techniques general purpose and servo drives to connect and interface with EtherCAT networks.
- Up to 64,535 nodes on a segment
- Data rate of 100 Mbps (100BASE-TX)
- Update 40 axes in 250 μs (assuming 2 words command data and 3 words feedback data per axis, a control word and basic cyclic synchronization data)
- Jitter of less than 1 μs with Unidrive M600 to M700
- Non-cyclic data using the CoE mailbox
- CANopen DS-402 profile supported (drives and motion control) LED indication of network port activity


text: NERC Standards CIP-002 through CIP-009 provide a cyber security framework for the identification and protection of Critical Cyber Assets to support reliable operation of the Bulk Electric System. These standards recognize the differing roles of each entity in the operation of the Bulk Electric System, the criticality and vulnerability of the assets needed to manage Bulk Electric System reliability, and the risks to which they are exposed. Responsible Entities should interpret and apply Standards CIP-002 through CIP-009 using reasonable business judgment. Business and operational demands for managing and maintaining a reliable Bulk Electric System increasingly rely on Cyber Assets supporting critical reliability functions and processes to communicate with each other, across functions and organizations, for services and data. This results in increased risks to these Cyber Assets. Standard CIP-002 requires the identification and documentation of the Critical Cyber Assets associated with the Critical Assets that support the reliable operation of the Bulk Electric System. These Critical Assets are to be identified through the application of a risk-based assessment.


How to Train Your Pets to Get Along with Your Bird
Mr.-KatoIt is unnatural for a cat or dog to leave a bird alone. There are many inherent dangers in combining a cat, dog and bird in one household, but if you have the time, persistence and patience, you can use training to have your pets get along.
There are some basic rules:
 - Never leave your pet alone in the room with a bird. Supervise them at all times when together.
 - Don't allow your cat or dog to lick or scratch the bird. It could cause a fatal disease in the bird.
 - Watch all three animals carefully at all times for the slightest sign of aggression or a feeling of being threatened.
That said, you might begin by slowly introducing the bird to your other pets in a safe manner. You can hold the bird on your finger, gradually letting them closer to the cat or dog and watching the reactions of all three closely. If the bird doesn't seem threatened, you can eventually let your cat or dog smell—but not lick!—the bird to become more familiar with it.
If the larger animal makes any move to play with, or touch, the bird, say a loud "No!" so they get the message loud and clear that this is unacceptable. If your dog or cat will not obey this command, it is best to keep them totally separate from the bird at all times.
You can try to let your cat or dog approach the bird in a non-threatening manner, and praise them when they are behaving the way you want them to. The larger pets may be very curious at first, but your hope is that they will eventually ignore the bird.
You also need to watch your parrot closely for hormonal nesting behavior (females) or aggression (males during breeding season). Even puppies and kittens trained to get along with birds will react if the bird becomes aggressive.
Combining a cat, dog and bird in one household can be quite difficult. Only you can know if your cat or dog are mellow enough, or trainable enough, that it will be possible for them to coexist. If you decide that it will all be too much for you or for your pets, you can always get your "parrot fix" by volunteering at Sy's Piece of Heaven. Call our sanctuary at _PHONE_ for more information.


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As an elementary teacher, I often took the whitest sand which I could buy. Then I mixed food coloring with sand in a baggie. After that I dried the sand on a metal tray in the oven at 225 degrees. Stir a couple of times to make sure it all completely dries.
Use plain table salt & colored sidewalk chalk. Pour the salt into a shallow container, "rub" the chalk over it, before you know it you have colored "sand". My Girl Scouts loved doing this sand art craft.
You take regular "play sand", put it in a plastic bag, add food coloring, shake to color.
Back when I was a kid, we did a similar project making colored salt. Using colored chalk, put a small amount on some paper and rub the salt with the side of the chalk. Continue rubbing the salt until it is the color you desire. Then we used the colored salt the same as you would use colored sand.
I know its not sand but I would imagine you could try this with sand and see what happens.
Add your voice to the conversation. Click here to answer this question.


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Achiote, also known as annatto, is a popular culinary ingredient that comes from the seeds of the achiote tree (Bixa orellana). The bright red-orange color and mild, earthy flavor of achiote has made it an integral part of the cuisine and culture of many Latin American, Caribbean, and Filipino dishes for centuries. But what is the origin and history behind this distinctive spice?
Etymology and Origins
The name 'achiote' comes from the Nahuatl (Aztec language) word 'āchiōtl' meaning 'spiny plant'. The achiote tree is native to tropical regions of the Americas, spanning from Mexico to Peru and Brazil. Archaeological evidence suggests achiote seeds were used for coloring textiles and body paint as far back as 800-500 BC in Peru.
The indigenous peoples of Mexico domesticated the achiote plant around 5600 BC. In Aztec culture and cuisine, āchiōtl provided a bright red coloring for dishes like tamales and moles. The vivid color symbolized blood and the fertility of life. When Spanish colonizers arrived in the 1500s-1600s, they adopted the use of annatto (from the Arawak word anotto) seed for color and flavor in cooking.
So while the achiote plant originated in ancient Mesoamerican and South American cultures, its culinary use expanded with the influence of Spanish colonization and trade networks. The language and etymology point to the deep roots of achiote in indigenous Latin American cuisines.
Achiote seeds provide a bright reddish-orange color and a mild, slightly sweet and peppery flavor to foods. The seeds are mixed with other spices and ingredients to make a paste, oil, or powder for adding to dishes and sauces. Some of the most common uses of achiote around Latin America and the Caribbean include:
In Mexico, achiote paste and powder is used to color and flavor mole sauces, tamales, rice dishes, and salsas. It's an essential ingredient in Yucatan cochinita pibil (pit-roasted pork) giving the meat its iconic red-orange marinade. Achiote oil is used for frying and adds color to Mexican recados (spice pastes).
In Belizean cooking, achiote oil made from ground seeds is used heavily in fish, meat, and poultry dishes. The oil provides the base for marinades and gives that vibrant hue to traditional dishes like grilled chicken, stewed beans, and ceviche. Ground achiote seeds are also used in salsas and tamales.
In Puerto Rican cuisine, achiote oil is used for sautéing and frying. A paste made from ground achiote, garlic, oregano, olive oil, and citrus juice is used as a marinade and smeared under chicken skin before roasting for a bright and flavorful lechón asado (roast chicken). The spice blend for Puerto Rican arroz con gandules rice contains achiote for seasoning and color.
Cuban cooking uses achiote for the iconic ajiaco stew, ropa vieja shredded beef, and the marinade for Vaca frita (fried cow). Ground achiote combined with other spices makes up the sofrito base for beans, stews, and rice dishes. Achiote oil brings color and added flavor when frying or sautéing foods.
The Dominican recipe for locrio de pollo (chicken and rice) includes annatto oil for frying the chicken before stewing it with the rice. Sprinkling annatto powder over meat before grilling is also common. Oil and ground achiote help create the deep red-orange color in beans and stews like Dominican sancocho.
In Panamanian cooking, achiote oil and seeds are used in seafood dishes like camarones al ajillo (shrimp in garlic sauce). Achiote also adds bold coloring and flavor to ropa vieja, tamales, empanadas, arroz con pollo, and other national dishes.
Introduced by Spanish colonists, achuete oil and ground powder became a staple in Filipino cuisine. It colors and enhances the flavor of stews like pinakbet, chicken inasal, and kilawin (ceviche), as well as sauces and marinades. A popular pork dish is batal bihon which uses achuete water to color glass noodles.
Beyond culinary uses, achiote has had cultural, symbolic, and traditional importance for indigenous peoples of Mexico and Central America.
In Aztec mythology, the achiote plant was associated with one of the creation gods, Nanahuatl. The myth tells how Nanahuatl sacrificed himself using an achiote tree to create the sun and moon.
Achiote's red coloring made it useful for rituals among Mesoamerican civilizations. Aztecs used it to paint faces of idols, write hieroglyphics, and symbolize blood in sacrifices. For Mayans, achiote adorned the bodies of warriors and athletes in ceremonies.
Today in Mexico and Central America, achiote seeds and paste are used to create body paint, lipstick, and decorations for indigenous festivals. The bright dye represents fertility, life, and celebration during events like La Guelaguetza, Inti Raymi, Día de Los Muertos, and Carnaval.
Historically, indigenous people of Latin America used achiote for coloring skin, lips, cheeks, and even hair. It provided natural red pigment before modern cosmetics. Some indigenous communities still use annatto seeds boiled in oils as natural makeup today.
Archaeological evidence shows achiote being used to dye the cloth and textiles of pre-Columbian Latin American civilizations as far back as 800 BC. The durable red-orange natural dye was important for coloring hammocks, clothing, bags, and ritual textiles.
While achiote continues to be an essential flavoring and coloring agent in Latin cuisine today, its popularity has spread around the world due to its natural, low-cost, and health benefits. Here are some of its most common modern uses globally:
Achiote oil made from soaked or heated seeds maintains the red-orange hue and imparts mild flavor. It replaces synthetic food coloring additives in cooking oils, butter, margarine, salad dressings, baked goods, confectionery, and more.
Annatto extract gives cheddar, leicester, and other cheeses their familiar orange color. It is used as a natural alternative to artificial cheese coloring.
Achiote has antimicrobial and antifungal properties. In traditional medicine, it has been used to treat fever, diabetes, burns, and infections. Pharmaceutical research today has studied achiote's potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial benefits.
Modern lipsticks, body paints, soaps, and skin care use annatto extract for its reddish pigment. It provides a natural alternative to synthetic FD&C Red No. 4 dye.
The textile industry utilizes achiote as an eco-friendly fabric dye. It dyes silk, cotton, leather, and wool in hues ranging from yellow to deep red.
Poultry and fish farmers often add achiote extracts to feed to naturally supplement health and intensify yellow skin tones. The carotenoids in achiote enhance the color of egg yolks as well.
Production and Cultivation
Achiote is produced from the reddish seeds from the fruit pods of the Bixa orellana tree. Here is an overview of achiote cultivation and production:
– Achiote trees grow well in tropical climates with hot, humid conditions. Major production areas are in Mexico, Belize, Peru, Kenya, Brazil, Sri Lanka, and India.
– The tree starts bearing fruit after 2-3 years. The spiky fruit pods ripen and turn brown or red when mature in 4-5 months.
– Pods are handpicked once ripe, then split open to collect the seeds inside. Seeds are dried well in the sun to prevent germination.
– Seeds are crushed and ground into a powder or soaked in oil to extract the orange-red pigment.
– The powder can be used as is or made into paste by mixing with vinegar, garlic, and spices.
– For oil, seeds are heated or soaked in vegetable oil for several days to transfer the annatto color.
– Extracts are also produced using solvents like hexane or alkaline water solutions.
– World production is around 15,000 to 20,000 metric tons annually.
– Peru is the top exporter accounting for around 70% of global exports. Brazil, Kenya, Mexico, and Ecuador also contribute exports.
– The US imports around 3,000 tons of annatto extracts and seeds annually for food and cosmetic use.
Health Benefits and Nutrition
Achiote contains antioxidant compounds like carotenoids, polyphenols, and flavonoids that provide potential health benefits:
The natural pigments (bixin and norbixin) in achiote act as antioxidants. They neutralize cell-damaging free radicals and reduce oxidative stress related to cancer, aging, diabetes, and more.
Achiote exhibits anti-inflammatory activity from its phenolic compounds. It inhibits enzymes like COX-2 to reduce inflammation in studies on cells and animals.
The seeds have an antimicrobial effect particularly against fungi like Candida albicans. Carotenoids damage fungal cell membranes providing antifungal benefits.
Test tube research finds achiote shows potential to inhibit cancer cell growth and spread. Specific cancers studied include skin, prostate, breast, and liver cancer. More research is needed to confirm


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Posters are characteristic of Shell's advertising during the 1920s and 1930s. Young talented artists were commissioned to convey simple messages for Shell's poster advertising. Many of these artists went on to become famous names in 20th century British art.
The posters, known as Lorry Bills, were displayed on the side of the delivery lorries transporting cans of fuel to customers across the country. They were large in size and made to fit boards that were 30 by 45 inches.
In 1925 Shell began a series of posters featuring the slogan 'See Britain First – On Shell'. The campaign encouraged the nation to explore the British countryside in their cars using Shell petrol. The posters showed romantic landscapes with traffic free roads. Shell tapped into the longing for a rural escape from the city and reassured motorists of the reliability of their products with the strap line 'You can be sure of Shell'.
Shell continued the campaign to promote motor tourism throughout the British Isles with press advertising, TV advertising and the popular Shell Guide series until the mid 1980s.
The number of private cars on British roads reached a million for the first time in 1930 and there was a growing concern that motoring was harming the countryside. Protests against poster hoardings and signs along country roads led to Shell removing all their placards and enamelled signs. Lorry Bills however, remained the focal point for Shell's advertising.
Have a story about "1925 Shell Poster", or simply want to tell us what you think?
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There is no ultimate/universal/perfect way to learn or practice. A student can need to practice a certain difficult piece with hands separate for a while and another will learn faster/better practicing hands together from the start. As long as the student can play the piece right in the end, it really doesn't matter.
I don't think memory slips have anything to do with practicing hands separate or together. For certain pieces, practicing hands individually can help define the main lines at first, for example when the LH and RH parts combine unconventional rhythms. But since anyway one will need to play the piece using both hands, I really don't focus much on separating the hands for pieces with simpler rhythms. The problem with systematic "separate then both hands" practice is that certain people can feel the transition from one to the other too brutal, depending on the piece.
An alternate method (that I would qualify of "in between") I often do myself is : I play both LH + RH parts as written, except I force a ppp
on one hand or the other. Just like if you would turn a volume/balance knob between the hands. For example, using this method I can "check" if a particular LH passage (in a piece I don't master yet) sounds legato enough, if its accents are done just right, etc. Otherwise, if I play the same passage with the RH at written volume, I wouldn't hear possible mistakes in the LH. This method forces you to play both parts, even though one hand is played so soft it's barely heard. IMHO, this forces one to be more involved and put more attention in the playing. Of course, this can't be applied to all students or pieces, but very often it helps me perfect the playing and the memory.
Note that I would not force or recommend this method on a student. But with me it works.


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Porous graphite was prepared without the use of template by rapidly heating the carbonization products from mixtures of anthracene, flourene, and pyrene with a CO2 laser. Rapid CO2 laser heating at a rate of 1.8 × 10 6 °C/s vaporizes out the fluorene-pyrene derived pitch while annealing the anthracene coke. The resulting structure is that of graphite with 100 nm spherical pores. The graphitizablity of the porous material is the same as pure anthracene coke. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the interface between graphitic layers and the pore walls are unimpeded. Traditional furnace annealing does not result in the porous structure as the heating rates are too slow to vaporize out the pitch, thereby illustrating the advantage of fast thermal processing. The resultant porous graphite was prelithiated and used as an anode in lithium ion capacitors. The porous graphite when lithiated had a specific capacity of 200 mAh/g at 100 mA/g. The assembled lithium ion capacitor demonstrated an energy density as high as 75 Wh/kg when cycled between 2.2 V to 4.2 V.
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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|UFDC Home||| Help ||
The Florida Geological Survey Digital Collection includes historic resources from the Florida Geological Survey (FGS). FGS is an Office which reports directly to the Deputy Secretary for Land & Recreation in the Florida Department of Environmental Protection. The mission of the FGS is to collect, interpret, disseminate, store and maintain geologic data, thereby contributing to the responsible use and understanding of Florida's natural resources, and to conserve the State of Florida's oil and gas resources and minimize environmental impacts from exploration and production operations.
Historic resources from the Florida Geological Survey Digital Collection includes historic FGS:
For a list of all publications, historic through current, see the FGS website.
Florida Geological Survey Fossil Collection in the Florida Museum of Natural History
The Florida Geological Survey fossil vertebrate collection (FGS) was started during the 1910s and was originally housed in Tallahassee. Under the direction of E. H. Sellards, Herman Gunter, and S. J. Olsen, the FGS collection was the primary source of fossil vertebrate descriptions from Florida until the early 1960s. World-renown paleontologists such as George G. Simpson, Edwin H. Colbert, and Henry F. Osborn wrote scientific papers about specimens in the FGS collection in addition to Sellards and Olsen. In 1976 the entire FGS fossil vertebrate collection was transferred to the Florida Museum of Natural History with support from a National Science Foundation grant. The UF/FGS collection is composed of about 22,000 specimens assigned to about 10,000 catalogue numbers, and almost all of them were collected in Florida. The majority of specimens in the UF/FGS collection are mammals, followed by reptiles, birds, and a relatively small number of amphibians and fish. Although there are some sites that are unique to the UF/FGS collection, many of the sites overlap with holdings in the main UF and UF/PB collections. The major strengths of the UF/FGS collection are historically important samples from the early Miocene Thomas Farm locality, the middle Miocene and early Pliocene deposits of the Bone Valley Region, Polk County, and from the late Pleistocene Vero locality, Indian River County. Researchers using the UF/FGS database should be aware that when the catalogue data for the FGS collection was first transferred from the original file cards to a computerized database in the late 1980s, relatively little effort was made to correct or improve entries. The nature of specimen was not indicated on many of the cards, locality information was sometimes vague, and many employed taxonomic names that are no longer in use. While some corrections have subsequently been made to this database, limitations of time and resources have prevented an exhaustive clean-up. Also, when Sellards left Florida for Texas in the 1920s, he transferred some, but not all, of the holotypes in the FGS collection that he had named to the USNM collection, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
United States Geological Survey
Water Management Districts of Florida
For information about the Florida Geological Survey:
Dr. Jon Arthur
Florida Geological Survey
903 West Tennessee Street
Tallahassee, FL 32304-7000
Phone: _PHONE_ Fax: _PHONE_
Acknowledging or Crediting the Florida Geological Survey As Creative Entity or Information Source
The Florida Geological Survey is providing many of its publications (State documents) for the purpose of digitization and Internet distribution. If you cite or use portions of these electronic documents, which the Florida Geological Survey (an office of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection) is making available to the public with the kind assistance of the University of Florida's Digital Library Center, we ask that you acknowledge or credit the Florida Geological Survey as the information source:
i.e. "Courtesy of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection's Florida Geological Survey"
Further, since Florida Geological Survey publications were developed using public funds, no proprietary rights may be attached to FGS publications wholly or in part, nor may FGS publications be sold to the U.S. Government or the Florida State Government as part of any procurement of products or services. Our publications are disseminated to citizens "as is" for general public information purposes; many of them reflect the state of knowledge at the time of their publication and they may or may not have been updated by more recent publications. Our electronic documents should not be altered or manipulated (largely or in part) and then republished or reposted on websites for commercial resale.
FGS Publications Committee


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So Concrete Builds a Sustainable Transit Stop in Prague
Employing robotic fabrication and a super-strong mix of the material it's titled after, So Concrete has built a sturdy and sustainable transit stop in Prague.
After being awarded a commission by the city of Prague to design the Výstaviště tram stop from 3-D printed ultra-high-performance concrete, local multidisciplinary studio So Concrete enhanced an initial AI rendering with a 1:50 scale model of the structure's canopy.
How So Concrete Built a Sustainable Tram Stop
In conjunction with engineering consultant Stráský, Hustý, a more detailed rendering was made with Rhinoceros.
Another rendering examines the three columns supporting the canopy and bench to determine the least amount of steel needed, thereby reducing the project's energy use.
Trajectories of a six-axis robotic arm were mapped out before the 3-D printing process, which resulted in a compression strength five times that of regular concrete.
A material specialist at So Concrete prepared the UHPC, modified to ensure optimal printing for the canopy and bench, which were both printed in six pieces before being assembled on-site.
- 10 engineers, designers, concrete technologists, and robot operators led by robotic engineer Dimitry Nikitin and designer Záviš Unzeitig
- 36 hours to 3-D print the basic structure
- 26 foot canopy length
- 15 days of installation
- 60% of comparable material saved
The base of the tram stop, which is located in the art-centric Prague 7 district, is UHPC that has been robotically milled with graceful arches.
Panels of laser-etched Plexiglas form the backrest for the bench and cap the 9-foot-high canopy, both of which are made of tinted, 3-D printed UHPC that's been robotically cut.
Furthering the project's sustainability, electronic displays showing timetables for the city's 38 tram routes are solar-powered, all helping to encourage the use of public transportation instead of cars.
Through Adaptive Reuse, Studio Alexander Fehre Turns Two Buildings into a New Facility in Germany
Studio Alexander Fehre turns two buildings into a playful special-projects facility at the Bosch Engineering headquarters in Germany.
Rockwell Group Earns a Best of Year Award for the Moynihan Train Hall in New York
2021 Best of Year winner for Transportation – Small. Rockwell Group designed a ticketed waiting area for Amtrak and Long Island Railroad customers that brings the glamour back to travel.
The Bor̆islavka Center by Aulík Fišer Architekti Reflects Prague's History
The dramatically faceted glass facades of the Borislavka Center by Aulík Fišer Architekti reflect Prague, old and new.
Experience Damascus Room at the L.A. County Museum of Art
Damascus Room, an 18th-century, 300-square-foot chamber imported from Syria, debuts as an installation at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.
View a Towering Installation in Spain Made of Silk
Years of research into the structural potential of standard textiles transformed silk into a towering installation in Spain by Paloma Cañizares Office.
10 Questions With… IIDA's Ronnie Belizaire
Ronnie Belizaire, president of IIDA's 2023-2024 Board of Directors, discusses her career journey and IIDA's role in advocating for workplace equity.


Question: How do I create a direct link to an image, or file on my website?
It may seem like a simple thing, but it's not entirely obvious how to get the exact link for an image or file on your WordPress website.
Here's how to do it.
1. Go to Media, Add New in your WordPress backend
2. Upload an image, PDF, or other file
3. Click Edit when the file is done uploading
4. Look on the right, where it says File URL, that is the direct link to the file for sharing
This is the direct URL you can give to people to download or go directly to that file, and will be accessible from anywhere on the web.


text:
Click on a thumbnail to go to Google Books.
Keys to Drawing with Imagination: Strategies and Exercises for Gaining…
by Bert Dodson
No current Talk conversations about this book.
References to this work on external resources.
Wikipedia in English
No descriptions found.
Introduces more than forty entertaining exercises to help readers unlock the power of the imagination in an innovative guide that demystifies the often confusing creative process, accompanied by hundreds of sample illustrations by the author and other artists, including Maya Lin and R. Crumb.
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Become a LibraryThing Author.


SQLite Browser on Windows
From CDOT Wiki
Revision as of 22:03, 9 October 2013 by Jrromasanta1 (talk | contribs)
Jump to: navigation, search
 1. Download and Install SQLite Browser (Windows platform) [1]
 1. SQLite Browser - Overview [2]
 2. Generate a CVS file on generatedata.com.
 3. Run SQLite Browser
 1. Create a database. Choose a descriptive database name such as FriendsDB.
 2. Import a table from a CSV file.
 3. Save the database
 4. Testing
 1. Close and Restart SQLite Browser. Open the database that you have just created.
Importing CSV file into table using command line (windows cmd or Mac terminal)
 1. _URL_