Difference between revisions of "Ylands"
From PCGamingWiki, the wiki about fixing PC games
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|fov notes = Default 40 up to 90

|fov notes = Default 40 up to 90
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|local play modes =

|local play modes =
Revision as of 08:42, 29 March 2019
This page is a stub: it lacks content and/or basic article components. You can help to expand this page by adding an image or additional information.
Ylands
Ylands cover
Developers
Bohemia Interactive
Engines
Unity[1]
Release dates
Windows Early access
General information
Steam Community Discussions
Availability
Source DRM Notes Keys OS
Publisher website
DRM details are not known
Windows
Steam
Icon overlay.png
Windows
Game data
Configuration file(s) location
System Location
Windows
Steam Play (Linux) <Steam-folder>/steamapps/compatdata/298610/pfx/[Note 1]
Save game data location
System Location
Windows %USERPROFILE%\Documents\Ylands\SaveGames
Steam Play (Linux) <Steam-folder>/steamapps/compatdata/298610/pfx/[Note 1]
Save game cloud syncing
System Native Notes
Steam Cloud
Video settings
Input settings
Audio settings
Audio feature State Notes
Separate volume controls
Surround sound
Subtitles
Closed captions
Mute on focus lost
Localizations
Language UI Audio Sub Notes
English
Czech
Spanish
Russian
Network
Multiplayer types
Type Native Players Notes
Local play
LAN play
Online play
16
Other information
API
Executable 32-bit 64-bit Notes
Windows
System requirements
Windows
Minimum Recommended
Operating system (OS) 7
Processor (CPU) Intel Core i3-4160 @ 3.60 GHz
System memory (RAM) 4 GB
Hard disk drive (HDD) 1 GB
Video card (GPU) discrete GPU
1 GB of VRAM
DirectX 11 compatible
Notes
 1. 1.0 1.1 File/folder structure within this directory reflects the path(s) listed for Windows and/or Steam game data (use Wine regedit to access Windows registry paths). Games with Steam Cloud support may store data in ~/.steam/steam/userdata/<user-id>/298610/ in addition to or instead of this directory. The app ID (298610) may differ in some cases. Treat backslashes as forward slashes. See the glossary page for details.
References
 1. Ylands - Unity Connect - last accessed on 2018-05-18


Wednesday 7 September 2016
Pyinstaller Extractor updated to v1.6
PyInstaller Extractor is a tool to extract the contents of a windows executable file created by pyinstaller. This weekend I updated the tool to version 1.6. The new features which were incorporated include
 - Support for extracting pyinstaller 3.2
 - Extractor would now use a random name for extracting unnamed files within the CArchive
 - Preliminary support for handling encrypted pyz archives
The features are explained below.
Support for extracting pyinstaller 3.2
There has not been any format changes between pyinstaller 3.2 and the earlier versions. The previous versions works as is for pyinstaller 3.2
Handling unnamed files within CArchive
A Pyinstaller exe file can be visualized as of two nested archives. The outer layer is called CArchive. It is called so as it handled by C code i.e. the decompression of the layer is handled by a native stub written in C. The CArchive in turn contain another archive called PYZArchive along with other files. The PYZArchive is usually zlib compressed and is handled by python code and hence the reason for its name.
The CArchive usually contains the main script along with necessary dll files and python extension modules (pyd files). When running an pyinstaller exe, all dll and pyd files are written to a temporary directory to facilitate loading. (This behaviour is noticeably different from py2exe which loads dlls from memory.) The main script is never written to disk and hence it is possible to remove its name. If such is the case then the earlier versions of extractor would fail. The current version 1.6 will use a random name if it finds any unnamed files.
This feature has mainly been inspired while working on the PAN LabyREnth challenge (Threat #7).
Preliminary support for handling encrypted pyz archives
The files within the PYZ archive can be encrypted too. If such is the case, the tool would dump those files as is without attempting to process them. Previously the tool would fail trying to decompress encrypted data.
That's it. I would make a separate post to demonstrate how to extract encrypted pyz archives. It isn't difficult as the key to decrypt is present right in the CArchive.


text:
Contested Vulnerabilities: Refugees' Experiences of Humanitarian programs
This webinar draws on recent ethnographic research conducted in a refugee settlement in Uganda. It examines Humanitarian programs in the Global South and evaluates their capacity to address immediate needs of the "most vulnerable". The workshop is part of the European Union's Horizon 2020 funded Project "VULNER: Vulnerabilities Under the Global Protection Regime".
How do the vulnerability categories work in situations of resource limitations? What are refugees' concrete experiences of vulnerability in Uganda? How do migrants negotiate, resist, or contest vulnerabilities categories?
Find the list of speakers here.
- When: 27 April 2023, 1:00 PM - 2:30 PM CET
- Where: Online, Zoom

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


The Children's Media Foundation (CMF)
Our Children's Future: Does Public Service Media Matter?
Not Waving, But Drowning – An independent children's producer's perspective
As a respected producer, Anne Wood calls on government to recognise the production sector faces an almost impossible situation and is rapidly losing the talent and specialist expertise to serve the needs of the UK children's audience.
Once upon a time in the United Kingdom every broadcaster originated children's programmes. It was an accepted requirement, integral to the privilege of broadcasting. It was built into the BBC Charter from the beginning. Children's culture was recognised and perceived as important. This premise was consequently also adopted by the ITV companies. The then Independent Broadcasting Authority took a keen and serious interest to ensure that home grown children's programmes were delivered.
In April 2021 when Ofcom examined children's viewing habits during lockdown, the headline was:- 'Traditional TV a turn-off as children switch on to YouTube and Netflix'. UK children's television was presented as quaint and as antiquated as videos; eliminated by technological change.
This perception began as long ago as 1988 when children's programmes were abolished from Channel 4.
For a time, between 1993 and 2002 when CBeebies and CBBC channels were set up, the regulating authority offered some protection. Then, in 2003, Ofcom was established to assess whether the PSB Broadcasters, taken together, transmitted a suitable range of high quality programmes for children and young people. With no individual responsibility, ITV companies could begin to withdraw. In 2006 Ofcom published details of restrictions intended to limit children's exposure to advertising of food and drink products high in fats, salt and sugar. "Alas" wailed the companies – "this means we can no longer afford to continue the expensive business of originating new children's programmes". Further funding was withdrawn.
For a time, sales of ancillary products filled the funding gap but this, too, soon failed. The subtle, and not so subtle, shift to programmes that could be merchandised ended abruptly. ToysRUs finally collapsed in 2018.
In 2003 the Communications Act made originating new children's programmes non-essential for ITV. The interests of broadcasters were paramount. At one blow, the internal market for children's programme making virtually disappeared. Once the competition from ITV was removed, the BBC was the only independent customer remaining. International buyers look first to a programme's success in its home territory but with only one real UK destination there was effectively no home market.
The removal of competition was not good for the BBC; it was not good for programme making and it was especially not good for children's television culture. This is the cold, hard world of money.
There is a belief among those who deal in money for its own sake that the market always adjusts itself. We, in the British children's television production business have no market and, consequently, we have no money.
Those of us who have campaigned for years to address these inequalities had a small success in engineering the Young Audiences Content Fund, now nearing its end. Broadcasters, for the most part, including the BBC, closed ranks against it. They, and we, knew that the money would soon run out. £60million, welcome though it was, was never going to close the funding gap. For comparison, consider that in 2005, one series of 'In the Night Garden' cost £14million.
'In the Night Garden', very successful though it still is in the UK, never achieved Teletubbies' international success. In the Night Garden is more firmly rooted in the culture of nursery rhymes. It refers not to a computer generated universe but the gentle woodland world of so many bedtime stories. It belongs to the same story-telling culture and is equally highly valued in countless UK households with young children. This cultural issue is important.
There will never be another 'In the Night Garden'. This is not because there is not the talent to create one, but because we are now in a place where there can never be the money. Lacking opportunity, the talent will wither and potentially die.
How can children not enjoy the glitz and glory of the skilled North American giants? They already pick up its language and absorb the fantasy. Why should they not? These networks have instant global reach, the same content for all children no matter where they live. The media landscape has changed and it will go on changing but underneath it all, children's own perceptions remain the same. They also need to recognise reflections of their own experiences. They need, as one child put it, stories to make them "feel good inside".
'Teletubbies' briefly demonstrated that we can compete but that was long ago and far away - before the transition to brave new technology. Imagine trying to sell the 'Teletubbies' concept to any of today's big competitors? Live-action teddy bears with screens in their bellies and antennae on their heads living far away in a dome in a field? What does any of it mean? It is in fact a conversation with young children themselves, from their point of view. It succeeded the world over. It was not done to reassure adults or funders. It was done to make children smile. It had the combined funding support of BBC Children's, BBC Education and BBC Worldwide but its overnight success was due to 12 years' previous experience of making programmes for ITV and observing children's responses to them. There was a belief that quirky and eccentric, though it seemed, it was embedded in an understanding of the internal lives of young children.
Over the centuries, ideas of childhood have changed. Medieval society absorbed children invisibly into the adult world. Victorian society sentimentalised them. Early 20th Century society urged them to higher things. Our century once more treats them as mini-adults.
In the UK children's programme making has been allowed to become niche. As this is written, in the first week of May 2021, across all available children's channels, excluding the BBC, animation, particularly North American animation, dominates. At the BBC there is a dilution of live action UK drama in favour of reality shows frequently aping adult television. For younger children especially there is a crowding of 4 and 5 minute animated episodes.
Another headline from April 21st this year quotes "Children rediscover the joy of reading during lockdown"; of course they did. They had more time and just possibly a surfeit of similar continuous programming from the small screen had failed to fully satisfy them. Left to themselves, children will always find new alternatives which is why it is so important that there should be diverse television alternatives for them to discover.
Lack of money is crucial to the demise of the independent children's television sector but at the heart of the problem lies a deep cultural issue that needs to be addressed. Other nations have systems for safeguarding the equal rights of children to access indigenous work. In the UK, children's programme production is tolerated only on the most minimal terms. The whole infrastructure that supported a thriving, internationally successful children's production sector has been dismantled and displaced.
Casting around for solutions, it is easy to find disadvantages with quotas with sponsorship with regional funding. It is unlikely a Fairy Godmother/Father will appear to address this situation. We must make our own happy ending but we can only win if there is a level playing field. We can only win if children's shifting television culture is acknowledged. Government intervention is not a popular idea but when the picture is one of increasing desperation, what are the options?
Unless securely funded competition within the home market is restored, innovation will fade away, the UK's place at the cutting edge of the children's television industry will never be regained and children will never have known a difference.
What people are saying...
Discuss this article in the forums.
By Anne Wood CBE
In 1984 Anne Wood founded Ragdoll Productions, whose work is loved by children around the world. Since then, Ragdoll has produced more than 1,500 programmes aimed at the youngest viewers, including a number of award-winning shows, particularly the hugely successful 'Teletubbies' and 'In the Night Garden'.
Anne's Profile
The Children's Media Foundation (CMF)


text:
Also known as Toy Theater, Paper Theater, or Juvenile Drama, this unique form of puppetry originated in England around 1811. Throughout its history, Model Theater has attracted many famous collectors including Robert Louis Stevenson, Charlie Chaplin, Hans Christian Anderson, Winston Churchill, and Charles Dickens. Philadelphia's legendary city planner Edmund Bacon is also an avid collector of model theaters. In "Cinderella," he has taken traditional collecting a step further and created his own delightfully charming production.
Before radio, television, and cinema, children in Edwardian England spent a great deal of time making and performing their own toy theater productions. Today, this art form is not very well known, especially in the United States. This exhibition features six recreated scenes from Edmund Bacon's production of Cinderella and the recorded performance in its entirety.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Print LCM of Two Integers in Python
Computations and programming when combined make a very deadly combination. As the ability to solve complex mathematical questions in itself is a great deal. But when one has to do the same thing by writing up a code, things get somewhat more complicated. Not to mention the language your coding in also determines whether it's going to be easy to difficult. So today we're going to write a program to print LCM of Two Integers in Python.
What's The Approach?
- Let us consider a and b to be the two Integers to find LCM of.
- Firstly we'll find the gcd of these two numbers, i.e, using a condition where if
abecomes zero we'll return
belse we'll recursively
return b % a, a
- Next, we'll return multiplication of a with gcd of two numbers, and again multiply it with b. The returned value will be our LCM.
Also Read: Print Cube Root of A Number in Java
Python Program To Print LCM of Two Integers
a = 15, b = 20
LCM of 15 and 20 is 60
# Python program to find LCM of two numbers # Recursive function to return gcd of a and b def gcd(a,b): if a == 0: return b return gcd(b % a, a) # Function to return LCM of two numbers def lcm(a,b): return (a / gcd(a,b))* b # Driver program to test above function a = 15 b = 20 print('LCM of', a, 'and', b, 'is', lcm(a, b))


text:
Judaism's Encounter with American Sports
Jeffrey S. Gurock
Engages the controversial role that sports has played in shaping American Jewish identity.
Judaism's Encounter with American Sports examines how sports entered the lives of American Jewish men and women and how the secular values of sports threatened religious identification and observance. What do Jews do when a society?in this case, a team?"chooses them in," but demands commitments that clash with ancestral ties and practices?
Jeffrey S. Gurock uses the experience of sports to illuminate an important mode of modern Jewish religious conflict and accommodation to America. He considers the defensive strategies American Jewish leaders have employed in response to sports' challenges to identity, such as using temple and synagogue centers, complete with gymnasiums and swimming pools, to attract the athletically inclined to Jewish life. Within the suburban frontiers of postÐWorld War II America, sports?minded modern Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform rabbis competed against one another for the allegiances of Jewish athletes and all other Americanized Jews. In the present day, tensions among Jewish movements are still played out in the sports arena.
Today, in a mostly accepting American society, it is easy for sports-minded Jews to assimilate completely, losing all regard for Jewish ties. At the same time, a very tolerant America has enabled Jews to succeed in the sports world, while keeping faith with Jewish traditions. Gurock foregrounds his engaging book against his own experiences as a basketball player, coach, and marathon runner. By using the metaphor of sports, Judaism's Encounter with American Sports underscores the basic religious dilemmas of our day.


Frosted Glass VS Scotch Tape
matte reflection
matte refraction
low refraction
Lighting 101 Posts
Lighting 101: HID Lamps
Take a look at this image:
Lighting 101: Luminance VS Illuminance
Do you know the difference between "luminance" and "Illuminance?"
When talking with students, or people who just love light but don't know much about it, there are a few terms that are used sometimes incorrectly – "That table has a high illuminance value," or "you can measure the luminance coming from that light source." Not quite right. Do you know how to use these integral lighting terms?
It's easiest to remember if you think of it in terms of what is exactly happening when a beam of light strikes a surface. Let's look at this small image:
In this example, we are looking at one beam of light hitting a surface. The beam of light is red, and the surface, obviously is green. The red arrow represents the incident light, or the beam(s) of light striking the surface. Another time I'll write about the Law of Reflection and what it means, but also look at this diagram of what happens when a beam of light is reflected:
Figuring out the difference between luminance and IL-luminance is as simple as remembering what has happened to the beam of light; the incident of light hitting a surface – a beam of light that is travelling towards a surface – is what is measured when talking about illuminance. Illuminance is measured as the amount of light striking a surface. The incident light. If we had a light meter and wanted to measure the amount of light that was striking the surface we were measuring, we would hold the little white bubble towards the device shooting the light. These meters are also called "incident meters" for a reason.
On the other side of this, luminance, is what we measure off of the surface that has light hitting it. Luminance is the measurement of the product of the incident light and the surface – anything that is reflected. Luminance is also considered the human perception of brightness, or how bright we perceive the light that is reflected off of the surface.
Make sense? Think of it like this – IL-Luminance, IL, I = Incident Light. Illuminance is measuring the incident light. Luminance is what's leaving the surface – L = leaving. Illuminance is measuring incident, luminance is measuring what's leaving.
I hope that helps!


text:
What is a delegate?
Delegates play an important role in Utah's political system. Here are some commonly asked questions about delegates.
What is a delegate? What does a delegate do?
A delegate is someone from your precinct (neighborhood) whom you elect to represent your precinct at your party's convention. Delegates are important because they elect candidates for your political party's primary (and in some cases general) election.
What is a precinct caucus?
A precinct caucus is a neighborhood meeting where you and your neighbors of the same party affiliation get together and elect delegates and precinct officers.
These meetings happen once every two years on even-numbered years. This year, precinct caucuses will be held on Tuesday, March 13, at 7 p.m. for Democrats and Thursday, March 15, at 7 p.m. for Republicans.
Why become a delegate?
In Utah, delegates have a lot of sway politically. As a delegate you are one of 4,000 or fewer people (in some races as few as 80) who decide who will be your party's nominee in this year's elections.
If a candidate gets 60 percent or more of the delegate vote at convention, he or she is the party's nominee in the general election. If no one receives 60 percent of the vote, the two candidates with the highest number of votes go on to a primary election.
Who can be a delegate?
In order to be a delegate you must
- Be a U.S. citizen
- Be 18 years old or older by the date of the general election (Nov. 6 for this year)
- Live in the precinct you represent
If you are running for a Republican delegate position, you must be a registered Republican. If you have not already registered as a party member, you can do so at the precinct caucus.
What's the difference between a state and a county delegate?
There are two kinds of delegates: county delegates and state delegates. County delegates select nominees for county offices and also for legislative offices in districts that are entirely contained within that county. They also attend to county party business.
State delegates select nominees for federal and statewide offices and for legislative seats whose districts are in multiple counties. They also attend to state party business.
If I'm elected a delegate, what will I have to do?
Delegates serve two-year terms. Each year you are asked to attend one convention (your party's county convention if you are a county delegate, or your party's state convention if you are a state delegate).
In the first year of your term, you will attend the state or county nominating convention where you will select party nominees for the primary or general election. In preparation for this convention you will need to meet with the candidates (don't worry, they will seek you out) and decide who will best represent you, your neighborhood precinct and your values.
In the second year of your term you will attend the state or county organizing convention. In this convention, you will elect party officials, discuss the party platform and conduct other party business.
Each of these conventions lasts several hours and is either held on a weekday evening or Saturday morning. Be sure that you will be available to attend these conventions if you want to be a delegate. You will not be able to vote if you do not attend the convention.


text:
Cotton Brazil presents 2022 outlook during global events
Brazilian cotton |
On World Cotton Day, Cotton Brazil participated in some of the most important industry events and presented figures about the current Brazilian crop.
Several events took place on October 7, World Cotton Day, to foster the use of natural fiber around the globe. Abrapa (Brazilian Cotton Growers Association), through the Cotton Brazil initiative, participated in one exclusive session during the Congress of the International Cotton Association (ICA), held in Liverpool (UK). The association also took part in events in Bangladesh, India, and in a panel of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
Progress recognized around the world
Brazil has expanded its production in recent years to meet domestic demand comfortably. The surplus is exported, with 99% of the 2.4 million tons shipped from July 2020 to August 2021 destined for the Asian market. This volume places the country as the second largest world exporter.
"Brazilian cotton is in constant evolution. We have grown in volume, but mainly in quality, and today we offer an increasingly sustainable product", said Abrapa's president, Júlio Cézar Busato.
In Brazil, 100% of the harvest is mechanical, which results in large-scale, uncontaminated cotton, a distinguishing characteristic in the eyes of foreign markets.
Cotton sustainability is the focus of global attention
Sustainability was a major highlight of the ICA forum. According to Abrapa's president, 81% of the 2021 Brazilian crop was certified by the Responsible Brazilian Cotton (ABR) program, making it eligible for the Better Cotton Initiative (BCI) global certification as well.
"Our program began in 2012 and in less than ten years we have expanded the number of certified farms and bales more than fivefold," said Busato.
"Our cotton is grown in dryland, respecting strict environmental, labor, and land legislation and is 100% traceable, which gives buyers more stability and transparency", said Pedro Valente, director of Amaggi Agro, a Brazilian firm. The executive emphasized that transparency in production is a growing demand in international markets.
Brazilian harvest data
The 20/21 Brazilian cotton crop is estimated at 2.32 million tons, of which 99% has already been harvested and 55% ginned. It is a lower volume than in the previous cycle, but the projections are optimistic. "We will have our second-best production year in the 2022 cycle," said Abrapa's International Relations Director, Marcelo Duarte. Last season's acreage reduction was climate-related.
Cotton Brazil at CITI
Abrapa also presented the numbers for the current Brazilian crop in another online event held on World Cotton Day (7) – this time, organized by the Confederation of Indian Textile Industry (CITI). "In 2022, we will have a bigger cotton crop and with even more quality. Over 80% of our cotton is already certified by the ABR program, which makes it eligible for BCI credits, besides being contamination-free", said Alexandre Schenkel, Vice-President of the association.
Abrapa was also present in a virtual event by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) to celebrate World Cotton Day. Abrapa's executive director, Márcio Portocarrero, participated in a panel about how associations contribute to the strengthening of the cotton sector in Latin America and the Caribbean.
On Friday (8), Cotton Brazil also promoted a business roundtable with trading companies as part of the program of ICA's annual event.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Don't mix await and compound assignment
The 5.0 release of C# introduced the await keyword which makes it extremely easy to use Task in a non-blocking fashion. This allows developers to replace either blocking calls to Task.Wait() or complicated combinations of ContinueWith and callbacks with a nice simple, straight forward expression
 Task task =...;
 int local = await task;
What most people don't consider is the implications of this non-blocking support. At the point the "await task" expression executes the program can do one of two things. If task is resolved the await expression will complete and the method will continue executing immediately. If it's not then the method will pause and some other part of the program will wake up and start running. This other code interleaves with with the execution of this method. This means subtle timing changes in when Task values are resolved can drastically alter the order in which a program executes.
These method interleavings can be the source of many subtle bugs in the program. They are typically timing related and hence often don't predictably reproduce and possibly don't show up at all until the program is executing on a customers machine. One of the most common bugs I see is when developers mistakenly combine compound assignment with the await keyword
 x += await y;
The C# compiler will rewrite this code into roughly the following [1]
 x = x + await y;
And it executes in the following steps
 1. load x onto the stack
 2. await y
 3. Push result of "await y" onto the stack
 4. Add the stack values
 5. Store into x
In the case where "y" isn't resolved the execution of this code will stop at step #2. At which point some other code will begin executing in its place. If "x" is a local there isn't much danger here but what if "x" represents a field that is accessible to another part of the program? And what if that field is modified while this expression is paused at #2? When this statement resumes it will never re-read the value of "x" and hence any writes to it which occurred during the pause will be erased once the expression completes. Or in other words, it will quite simply ignore the other write.
I most frequently see this problem with accumulator scenarios. A collection of tasks are spun up and the results are tallied up as they complete
 class Accumulator
 private int m_sum;
 public int Sum
 get { return m_sum; }
 public async Task Add(Task value)
 m_sum += await value;
This code is fundamentally incorrect because it invites this very problem. Consider the following scenario
 1. Call to Add is made with an unresolved Task. Add pauses on the task having already read m_sum onto the stack
 2. Call to Add is made with a resolved Task with a value of 4. Add completes and m_sum is now 4
 3. Task from step 1 resolves with a value of 2. The value on the stack for m_sum is still 0 so m_sum is written out as 2 instead of 6
The way to avoid this problem is to simply not mix await and the compound operator. Instead store the await value into a temp and then do the assignment without the risk of interleavings.
 public async Task Add(Task value)
 var temp = await value;
 m_sum += temp;
Here is a sample which will demonstrate the bug in a deterministic fashion.
 var accumulator = new Accumulator();
 var taskCompletionSource1 = new TaskCompletionSource();
 var taskCompletionSource2 = new TaskCompletionSource();
 var task1 = accumulator.Add(taskCompletionSource1.Task);
 var task2 = accumulator.Add(taskCompletionSource2.Task);
 await task1;
 await task2;
This code will print out 2 instead of the expected 5
[1] I use "roughly" here because it the compiler actually does a more complicated rewrite. It ensures that the side effects of "x" happen exactly once during the execution of this method. For locals though this is roughly the code that is generated and serves fine for this example
Comments (7)
 1. Ian Obermiller says:
 Since you are referencing multi-threading bugs, isn't the example with a temporary value still unsafe? The first add could get preempted after it reads m_sum, and the second thread could run and update m_sum, and then the first thread would trample the second thread's update. So the correct code would need some kind of synchronization, like Interlocked.Add.
 The main point though is a good one, and problems like this are becoming much easier with await.
 2. jaredpar says:
 This is actually a bug which happens equally as well for single threaded and multi-threaded code. The repro code I showed all executes on a single thread.
 3. Oh, right. That is what makes it even more interesting (and deadly) I suppose. Thanks!
 4. Leonid Tcarev says:
 >The first add could get preempted after it reads m_sum, and the second thread could run and update >m_sum, and then the first thread would trample the second thread's update.
 Adding of something to int32 bit variable (not property) should be atomic at x86
 5. jaredpar says:
 _USER_ the write of the int32 value is atomic but the read of the original value can occur on a separate turn from the write. This is what makes it unsafe
 6. Leonid Tcarev says:
 _USER_, why?
 add m_sum, eax is atomic.
 7. jaredpar says:
 _USER_ it is indeed atomic but that's not the code that is executed here. If you look at the IL it's essentially
 ldfield m_sum
 await y
 stfield m_sum
 The "add" IL instruction operates on the 2 values which are pushed on the IL stack. The m_sum value is pushed atomically but it is also cached on the stack. While waiting for 'await y' to finish, it's very possible that another operation will start running which modifies m_sum. This will modify the field only and not the value which is cached on the stack. Hence when it resumes it will add the previous value of m_sum to 'await y' and erase the intermediate m_sum value


text:
Suicide Behind Bars: Prediction and Prevention
David Lester, PhD and Bruce Danto, MD
The primary aim of this unique book is to provide practical knowledge about suicide and its prevention for those who work within the criminal justice system, particularly psychologists and correctional officers in jails, detention centers and prisons. The authors supply current and reliable information on legal responsibility, attempted suicide, self-mutilation, inmate screening and counseling, facility design, staff training and prevention programs. A widely read and welcomed addition to the scant literature on this subject, this book is used as a reference in hundreds of prisons, jails and detention centers in the US and around the world.
"The first half of this book offers a wealth of statistics and cited research articles...and the second half of the book...provides practical information concerning the assessment of potential suicide attempters, the training of staff and facility designs to prevent suicide, and the counseling of potential suicides. Correctional institution libraries should purchase Suicide Behind Bars. In addition, academic libraries with studies in psychology or corrections will also want to purchase this book for its excellent bibliography."
— Library Journal
"In this book a valid effort is made to examine and report on the factors, methods, preventative measures, and liability issues of prisoner suicide. The authors have met the challenge of presenting a wide spectrum of information in a highly reasonable and logical format, using case histories, citations of other published works, screening guidelines, management formats, and counseling recommendations. Contained in this work is information so critical that this book merits a chapter by chapter review.
Chapter 1: Spectrum of Inmate Suicide
Through the use of seven case histories, the authors examine successful suicide attempts in lockups and jails. A conclusion is afforded drawing common threads among all seven cases. Each individual had given direct or behavioral cues as to suicidal intent, was suspected of having been using alcohol or drugs, or had a previous psychiatric history, and died by his own hand shortly after booking. Officers' negligence rests firmly in the failure to perceive that the prisoner was a danger to himself. This negligence establishes the tone and direction of the rest of the book.
Chapter 2: Inmate Suicide: How Common Is It?
The authors examine the suicide rates and percentages in jails and prisons and compare them to the rates for the entire population. Some revealing figures stare out at the reader. The authors report that about 20 percent of custody deaths are directly caused by suicide in prisons and jails. This compares to less than 2 percent in the entire population. The authors also reveal the extremely high rate of suicide of death-row inmates in spite of intensive death row supervision. Also examined is the higher rate of suicides in county jails as compared to state prisons. The authors attribute this to state prisons providing more complete policies and follow up. I feel that the authors missed the fact that most state prisoners are admitted to state prison out of the county jail. These prisoners have had an opportunity to adjust to confinement and probably had X opportunities to commit or attempt suicide if that was their choice.
Chapter 3: Which Inmates Commit Suicide?
Characteristics of suicidal inmates in jails, lockups, and prisons are the focus of this chapter. The authors develop material that points toward young, white, male prisoners with minor arrest charges and frequently intoxicated as the primary risk group. In jails, most suicides occur at night and within 24 to 72 hours of admission. A profile of persons likely to be at risk for jail suicides is not as reliable, but inmates who are incarcerated for violent crimes against persons seem at greater risk. The authors report that most all custodial suicide victims are male and that whites have a higher rate than black inmates. The authors offer no insight into this difference. In attempting to clarify this issue for myself, I spoke with the black control officer in our facility and proposed the question to him. His response was straightforward and concise. He advanced the idea that due to social constraints on blacks in our society, resulting in feelings of already being confined, a shift in location of that confinement makes little difference.
The book lists four primary types of suicidal prisoners:
"Morality Shock" – The inmate becomes suicidal after booking due to embarrassment and disgrace to himself and family. The crime may be violent, a publicized sex offense, or white collar.
"Chronic Despair" – This prisoner has been jailed for some time and feels isolated, dehumanized, or alone and without any possibility of change.
"Manipulator" – An antisocial individual who uses nonlethal attempts to gain attention or better housing assignment (i.e., hospital versus jail cell). Death can result from the miscalculation [by facility personnel] on the [level of] lethality of the suicide attempt.
"Self-Punishment" — This describes a person who mutilates himself to make life as humiliating, degrading, and painful as possible and may escalate into a full blown lethal attempt.
The book warns against using the suicide profile as the sole determining factor in assessing suicide risk. I feel that this warning is valuable. A better method is to look at the four types of suicidal prisoners the book lists and develop methods to screen for these individuals.
Chapter 4: Suicide Attempts and Self-Motivation
Nonlethal suicide attempts and self-mutilation are a serious problem and must be examined and treated. The authors believe that those who make nonlethal attempts and/or who self-mutilate are [perhaps not trying to end their lives as much as they are trying to bring attention to a problem and/or get help. For example, they may be exhibiting one or more of the following:
A Desire for reclassification to more secure housing
A cry for help, personal attention, or counseling
An escape from perceived intolerable conditions (in other words, guilt, prison, depression, etc.)
A desire for clemency from courts, officers, parole, etc.
Chapter 5: Theories of Inmate Suicide
Discussion of the relationship between childhood experience, physical abuse, psychological factors, and stressors involved in creation of a suicidal individual is presented in this highly informative chapter. Having been trained previously regarding signs and symptoms of suicide, I was pleased that the authors took some space to establish the emotional background and influences present in suicidal inmates. The authors draw a picture of a person already on the road to destructive behavior and then encountering the additional stressors of usual jail life including:
Bad news or no news from home
Unexpected jail sentence
Long term non-sentenced status
Feelings of guilt or depression
Chapter 6: Screening Inmates for Suicidal Risk
Several excellent screening documents are offered in this chapter. Intended to be used at the time of booking or transfer, prior to any actual suicidal act, the purpose of these documents is to screen prisoners for suicidal potential. According to their work, the authors set forth areas which must be addressed on any screening form, including signs of depression, history of mental problems, terminal illness (HIV included), poor occupational history, monetary problems, withdrawal from alcohol/drugs, history of suicide attempts by self or family members, rapid behavioral changes, and feelings of hopelessness. Methods of administration of such screening range from inmate aides to psychiatric nurses to corrections officers.
Chapter 7: Facility Design
Issues of levels of supervision and cell construction or modification are offered for examination. A management table for four different levels of suicide-prone inmates is presented. This approach, as presented, seems logical, well-developed, and usable by most facilities. Discussion of the negative effects of isolation on suicidal inmates as well as the planning and training needs for responding to an actual suicide attempt is right on target. This chapter also, quite effectively, stresses the need for immediate intervention by medical or psychiatric personnel as soon as the prisoner is identified as suicidal.
Chapter 8: Organization and Staff
An exploration into the need for staff training in such areas as screening skills, communications and interaction techniques, careful booking and classification procedures and emergency medical training is documented. Some examples in terms of staff training programs and of general content are also listed. I felt that the authors handled these subjects well but could have offered more extensive information regarding training directions, specifics, and training resources.
Chapter 9: Counseling the Suicidal Inmate
A five-step process in suicide intervention is given and seems suitable for initial intervention approaches from any quarter. Choice of who responds to any given suicidal crisis, be it inmate aides, correction officers, or medical or mental hygiene personnel, is usually determined by the resources of each facility. The authors present the case for using inmate counseling aides. As a 17-year practitioner in county corrections, I feel that this approach would work in state prisons or facilities where extended sentences are served, but not in facilities were the average stay is 30 days or less. The key issue here is that crisis in adequate follow-up response be provided.
Chapter 10: Institutional Programs for Suicide Prevention
In this chapter, the authors have provided all too brief descriptions of working suicide prevention programs in several jurisdictions. As a Suicide Prevention instructor for the NYS Commission of Correction, I was gratified to see the New York program described in this chapter. Implementation of this program in county jails across the state has resulted in a 90 percent decrease in inmate suicides since 1987. Programs from Mobile, Alabama, El Paso, Texas and Champaign, Illinois are also described here as potential models for use in program development.
Chapter 11: The Escalating Problem of Inmate Suicide
This chapter seemed out of place at the end of this otherwise comprehensive work. The problems of the deinstitutionalization of the mentally ill and the overcrowding of jails with drug users raised a call by the authors to place these persons in treatment facilities more commensurate with their needs. Although I agree with this idea, it is unlikely that this will happen. A more pressing question is: How we


text:
APOMIXIS IN DIPLOID BETA VULGARIS LJournal: Science and world (Vol.1, No. 5)
Publication Date: 2014-01-28
Authors : Seilova L.B.;
Page : 68-70
Keywords : apomixis; apogamy; diplospory; apospory; adventitious embryony;
Apomixis is a genetically governed reproductive mechanism, capable of providing a maternal inheritance of characters and uniform offspring. Increased emphasis on apomixis by a number of research programmes around the world is helping to develop this reproductive mechanism as a perspective plant-breeding tool. In diploid sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) all known apomictic types are detected ? apogamy, diplospory, apospory and adventitious embryony. Only apospory is functional mechanism of apomixis, lead to complete the matroclinal seminal progeny.
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Content can be chunked (divided or merged into new output documents) in different ways for the purposes of delivering content and navigation. For example, content best authored as a set of separate topics might need to be delivered as a single Web page. A map author can use the _USER_ attribute to split up multi-topic documents into component topics or to combine multiple topics into a single document as part of output processing.
The _USER_ attribute is commonly used for the following use cases.
Reuse of a nested topic
A content provider creates a set of topics as a single document. Another user wants to incorporate only one of the nested topics from the document. The new user can reference the nested topic from a DITA map, using the _USER_ attribute to specify that the topic should be produced in its own document.
Identification of a set of topics as a unit
A curriculum developer wants to compose a lesson for a SCORM LMS (Learning Management System) from a set of topics without constraining reuse of those topics. The LMS can save and restore the learner's progress through the lesson if the lesson is identified as a referenceable unit. The curriculum developer defines the collection of topics with a DITA map, using the _USER_ attribute to identify the learning module as a unit before generating the SCORM manifest.
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Ftp: bell
Toggles an audible sound to occur after each file transfer command is completed.
Syntax
bell
Parameters
? bell : Displays help for the bell command.
Remarks
 - By default, bell is off.
Formatting legend
Format
Meaning
Italic
Information that the user must supply
Bold
Elements that the user must type exactly as shown
Ellipsis (...)
Parameter that can be repeated several times in a command line
Between brackets ([])
Optional items
Between braces ({}); choices separated by pipe (|). Example: {even|odd}
Set of choices from which the user must choose only one
Courier font
Code or program output
Ftp
Command-line reference A-Z


text:
The site known as the Old Pooncarie Mission is located eight kilometres west of Pooncarie Township on the Darling River.
The mission site is Western Lands Leasehold and is bounded on the western and southern sides by the Darling River. The property forms part of the Darling River floodplain and is subject to occasional flooding.
The area is covered with an over-storey of native vegetation of riverine woodlands and a highly-modified under-storey and ground layer.
By 1880, almost all the Darling River region was divided up into pastoral holdings and many Aboriginal people provided labour for the landholders.
Following the establishment of the Aboriginal Protection Board in 1833, Aboriginal reserves were developed, including the Pooncarie Mission. The Pooncarie Mission closed in the early 1930s when mission inhabitants were taken to the Menindee Mission.
With the closing of the mission, the land became part of Menincourt Station until February 2001 when the land was acquired by the Indigenous Land Corporation. There is currently a proposal before the Indigenous Land Corporation to enter into an agreement with the Barkandji people for management of the Old Mission land subject to a viable management plan being developed.


Bay Scallop Argopecten irradians
Bay Scallop_8
Bay Scallop Argopecten irradians
Bay scallops are found from Nova Scotia to the Texas and can be categorized into several subspecies. Bay scallops found in Florida usually have 17-21 ribs and are found in seagrass beds. Most animals have one mottled gray-brown shell and one white shell while the orange variety is less abundant (above).
Image Credit: FWC
FWC Facts:
Groupers are very slow-growing fish, taking anywhere from 4-8 years to reach sexual maturity.
Learn More at AskFWC


text:
Narrative observation is a useful tool for assessing children's educational, emotional and social development. Narrative tenses by rachael nobbs age: adults and young adults exercise 5 checks the meaning and use of the three different narrative tenses focused on. The advantages of narrative observations essay sample there are many different ways to observe children in an early years setting each type of observation has a. 1 ch 6 observational/descriptive methods i observational / descriptive methods a observation is both a research design and a measurement tool. Child observation forms (sample completed) use this form in step 1 and throughout the five steps to write detailed observations of each child child observation form.
To move beyond description to detailed analysis and interpretation of observation takes time and queensland kindergarten learning guideline professional. Observation is the active acquisition of information from a primary source in living beings, observation employs the senses in science, observation can also involve. The method of observation is a written narrative of the 10 minutes of observation as it happened.
I have to do a description on how to do a narrative observation on a child. Narrative observation example in childcarepdf free download here observations and regulation 5 - the galway city & county. Chapter classroom observation in teaching practice introduction observation plays a central role in practice teaching, both observation of your teaching.
Essays - largest database of quality sample essays and research papers on narrative observation of a child. Observational methods in psychology the information obtained would only generalize to the one time period in which the observation observers rely on narrative. Hi i'm starting a new job in september after being on maternity for a year i have a bigger class than i am used to and the old reception teacher did thin.
A narrative observation sheet to aid record making for the eyfs in reception assessing progress for eyfs profile etc. A2–1 appendix 2 daily observation report (dor) and narrative evaluation the daily observation report (dor)and narrative evaluation are key components of. Observation (watching what people do) would seem to be an obvious method of carrying out research in psychology however, there are different types of observational. Calstateteach ~ narrative observation form generated 01/02/07 1 narrative observation form candidate: term: select setting: date: observer. From participant observation to the observation of participation: the emergence of narrative ethnography1 barbara tedlock department of anthropology, state university.
Ofsted outstanding year 2 literacy lesson observation - watch full lesson at - duration: 4:57 mediamerge ltd 312,518 views. Anecdotal observations an anecdote is a short account of a particular incident or event of an interesting or amusing nature, often biographical (anecdote,nd. Classroom observation – narrative form instructor of class: _____ semester and year: _____ class level and title.
The purpose of an observation essay is to provide an how do you begin an observation essay a: what are some tips for writing a narrative essay. Unit 2 - child observation 3 when child a arrives the nursery it is 7 55 in the morning, on a friday, and child a should be arriving at the nursery very. 2 observation essay examples to watch closely the essay then frames the observation in a narrative format to help you see what i mean by this,. 4/3/12 ana-preschool-exampledoc example of preschool observation: documentation and analysis ana, aged 3-1/2, was observed in.


text: Overtopping wave energy converters (OWECs) are designed to extract energy from ocean waves based on wave overtopping into a reservoir, which is emptied into the ocean through a set of low-head turbines, and typically feature a low crest freeboard and a smooth impermeable steep slope. In the process of optimizing the performance of OWECs, the question arises whether adapting the slope geometry to the variable wave characteristics at the deployment site (i.e., geometry control) can increase the overall hydraulic efficiency and overall hydraulic power compared to a fixed slope geometry. The effect of five different geometry control scenarios on the overall hydraulic efficiency and overall hydraulic power of OWECs has been simulated for three possible deployment sites using empirical prediction formulae. The results show that the effect of an adaptive slope angle is relatively small. On the other hand, adapting the crest freeboard of the OWECs to the wave characteristics increases the overall hydraulic efficiency and power. Based on the simulations, gains in overall hydraulic power of at least 30% are achievable when applying an adaptive crest freeboard compared to a fixed crest freeboard.


lagged pipe design that internally conducts surface temperature to the bottom, warming it from 2degrees (I'm sure I read somewhere once that the density of water reaches a minimum at 4degrees, though) to, say, 15degrees (Mathematical challenge: At 15 degrees the remaining temperature difference is 5-10 degrees in good weather, how thick does a really good thermal conductor have to be to achieve this, given a fixed water flow: Which begs Gamma48's question - how much volume of fresh water would this enormous edifice produce?). The change in density could, I suspect, be much more effective than that caused by change in salinity and in any case will work in tandem with it, decreasing the required length (and depth) of the pipe.
 This invention is very simple in the sense that "Rocket Science" is extremely simple - a rocket only really requires a fuel, an oxidant, and a structure to direct which way it all goes bang, and I've seen it achieved with cardboard, gunpowder, and air. In the same vein, however, the complexity comes from conducting it on a scale that it becomes useful (achieving orbit / getting fresh water to the surface).
TheLightsAreOnBut, Jul 27 2009
 TheLightsAreOnBut: If you used the energy from a thermal vent to heat the pipe water, you could greatly decrease the water depth needed. In that case, you'd want to operate adiabatically--eg, by insulating the pipe.
 I've added a link to a water density calculator. Just type in the salinity and temperature.
ldischler, Jul 27 2009
 // And fourth, the economics are insane, sure, but so what? Eventually, the cost of oil will reach $100/barrel, and then all sorts of formerly insane technology will get funded. // posted in 2004.
marklar, Jul 27 2009
 Thanks for that, Idischler. On use of the calculator you linked to, I surmise that salinity has a much stronger effect on density than temperature...
 I see - the change in salinity in the ocean, which is relatively tiny, makes a difference of 2.5kg/m3 from highest to lowest, whereas the difference in temperature, 2deg to say 25deg, makes a 4.5kg/m3 difference.
 This is very tiny compared to the difference that changing salinity from 3.5%ish to nothing makes on density. bother.
TheLightsAreOnBut, Jul 27 2009
 yes, marklar, I thought that oddly prophetic. Probably still doesn't make it affordable to dig a 10km hole in the mariana trench, though.
TheLightsAreOnBut, Jul 27 2009
 ...but salinity does increase with depth due to the natural tendency for denser fluids to sink below less dense fluids. When you add in the thermodynamic element you come to realize that there is a near uniform osmotic potential from the bottom of the halocine layer to the deepest location that I could find data for.
WcW, Jul 27 2009
 Right, Idischler, I've just remembered why I avoid this site.
 Using the calculator, and presuming it's correct at extreme temperatures (it doesn't specify pressures required to keep water liquid above 100degC but it does still give a density), at 95degC and requiring 60bar pressure differential, "only" 9400m are required for this to work - this presumes, however, that the surrounding sea water is still at 2degC.
 Going to the extreme with the underwater geysers, that reach temperatures of up to 400degC, at that temperature, and still presuming sea water at 2degC, only 1300m depth is required - these vents are found at 3000m depth. However, some serious engineering is also required to withstand that temperature, and in any case land based evaporative desalination is probably easier at a land based volcanic location such as Iceland. Not that they need it, really.
 Fascinating article on the deepest hole ever bored in the earth, though, at the link given.
TheLightsAreOnBut, Jul 27 2009
 //However, some serious engineering is also required to withstand that temperature,// Not so, at that depth...
 The biggest problem, so far not discussed, is at those depths the inside of your long tube becomes a liability, unless you can add the same amount of pressure as 3000m of seawater. If you add the same amount of pressure, or something remotely similar in order to prevent collapse into an envelope, you won't get your font of elixir vitae. So we are looking for a tube of extrordinary compression strength. That can house a semi-permeable membrane of similar strength. Although as a thought experiment it will work ([WcW], technically the maths does work), as do space tethers, I fear the devil will be in the details.
4whom, Jul 27 2009
 //unless you can add the same amount of pressure as 3000m of seawater...So we are looking for a tube of extrordinary compression strength //
 Actually no. The pipe would be lowered already filled with fresh water, so the max deferential pressure it would see would only be a few hundred psi at the bottom.
ldischler, Jul 27 2009
 //so the max deferential pressure it would see would only be a few hundred psi at the bottom// And the osmotic pressure would, therefore, be zero?
4whom, Jul 27 2009
 There has to be some pressure differential, not maintained by the inner medium, to allow for osmotic flow. Most notably this pressure would be taken up by some structure, this structure would support a differential membrane operating under similar forces that that structure would have to support. The difference between what the structure supports and what the membrane (carved into however many small pieces) supports is what you can get out the system.
 Mathematically this allows for a fountain at the top end. However, we have to presume an open structural integrity on the pipe/s, and an osmotic membrane with high structural integrity, at 3000m, with flow. All of these beasts are unicorns of the same feather. The maths is right, we are just not up to it at the moment.
4whom, Jul 27 2009
 The initial assumption was that osmosis would begin at 20 bar--about 300 psi. (Actually, this is probably closer to 30 bar minimum, or about 450 psi.) At that point the flow would be a trickle, so you need more than that--the more the better. How much you can get is dependent on all these factors being discussed--water salinity, salinity profile, temperature and temperature profile, and operating depth. Anything that lightens the water column in the pipe is good, as it reduces the required operating depth.
ldischler, Jul 27 2009
 4whom, the Freefall self-pumping freshwater filled deep pipe occupies the interior of the pipe with incompressible water. The structural requirements for the deep pipe are the same as for my original shallow air filled pipe where you must pump the water out because the pressure involved to make it happen are the same. The membrane must withstand pressure adequate to do reverse osmosis. The pipe must be at least as strong so it does not cave in.
 My original version is supersimple, I still think. The free energy Freefall version is a unicorn only because of the phenomenal depth needed to make it happen but the tantalizing this is that this great depth is not an order of magnitude away from earth conditions but close enough that various temperature / dissolved gas tweaks might make it possible.
bungston, Jul 27 2009
 [bung...] I bunned this idea long ago, and as it stands it is a good idea (in fact I would prefer to pump out my fresh water from 10m (all things considered) than have it magically fountain out the top).
 I even agree with [Freefall]'s addendum. It is not so impossible. The oceans, even at those depths contain energy we can only hope for. In theory. I even agree with [ld...]'s points. In theory.
 But these theories assume pipes that can contain enormous pressures, I don't care if you send farkin mercury down your tube initially. You will have to deal with the pressures at some point, for the desired result. These pressures have to come from some manufactered state. No such thing as a free lunch...
 Containment will always be an issue, if we want to derive energy that we can use. From fission to fusion to osmotic to ionic. Containment issues are always the consideration, else the energy "evaporates" into the system.
 The deeper this goes the more energy evaporates into structural integrity. When we solve that problem, we solve a lot more than fresh water from deep sea water...
4whom, Jul 27 2009
 This is simply a perpetual energy idea that has repeatedly been hashed and re-hashed. If it would work for a 95% R/O then it should work gangbusters with an 85% R


text:
Spring Semester 2013
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Work stations of dentists, doctors, designers
AutoCad, Illustrator, Photoshop
In three separate projects this design workshop tries to explore importance of different concepts in design process.
In project one, which is presented here, the concept of "flamingo" was chosen for designing a chair and project named "Comfort on One Leg".
"Flamingo Dream" chair is designed specifically for doctors, dentists and designers who need a light and easy-to-move piece of furniture in their work stations. It is elevated more than regular chairs since most of the users prefer to have full top control on the objects they are working on.
The concept of this design is influenced by the form of "flamingo" bird, thus, it uses the significant formal characteristics of this animal which include a long neck and long feet in addition of the curvaceous form of the body.
The suggested materials for this piece are leather or other washable fabrics for three soft pieces of head/neck rest, back/arm rest and the seat and could be provided in varieties of colors. They are connected with tube of iron, covered by plastic which can be adjustable for adjusting the height of seat and height of head/neck-rest.


text:
At Effinger Music Studio, students have the opportunity to play duets, participate in chamber music ensembles, and collaborate with violinists, singers, flutists, and other instrumentalists from neighboring music schools. We believe that collaboration with other musicians can be fun, educational, and inspirational; it can also help pianists find ways to supplement their income in the future.
To inquire about our piano lessons in Vancouver, please get in touch! And if you would like to learn more about the benefits of collaborative piano for pre-college students, keep reading below.
Until recently, pianists playing with soloists on another instrument were often thought of as merely "accompanists". Their job was to make the soloist look and sound good while staying out of the way. But what the listener often doesn't realize is that the pianists almost always has a more demanding part, and must know their part just as well as the soloist's part. This is true whether the piece is a Sonata for Piano and Violin, or an accompaniment for a choir. Furthermore, in many cases, the pianist must take a leadership role in an ensemble, facilitating rehearsals and helping the ensemble prepare the piece for performance. Being a pianist in an ensemble is demanding, and requires just as much skill, control, and sensitivity as playing solo piano repertoire!
Let's consider some situations where a pianist might be a part of a performance with another musician:
In the Schubert song, the pianist begins the piece, before the singer enters with their part. Through the piece, both performers must be sensitive to the phrases, the direction in the music, and work together to create a unified texture that is mindful of the combination of notes between the pianist and the singer, of collateral melodies that occur between the singer and the pianist, and of the meaning of the text. The pianist does not play a subsidiary role to this goal, but an integral one! Have a listen to a performance of this song with pianist Gerald Moore and singer Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau: _URL_
For the pianist playing the transcription of the concerto, not only must they often confront clunky or difficult arrangements of pieces written for a large ensemble, they must take on the role of an entire orchestra! This means they must create different sound colors with the piano in order to sound more like the instruments the piece was originally written for, and they must also be sensitive to the difficulties of having a distinctly different role from the soloist while playing the same kind of instrument as the soloist. Composers who write for piano and orchestra make intentional decisions about what instruments will play what parts because they can use the difference in tone between the instruments in the orchestra and the piano to create contrast, but when a part that is normally played by an instrument in the orchestra is now played instead by a pianist, it can be difficult to play the parts originally for the orchestra in a supporting role without overshadowing the solo pianist. The sensitivity to take on this role effectively is necessarily a collaborative one, not a subsidiary one.
In the case of the pianist playing for a choir, very often the same pianist is part of the rehearsals leading up to the performance, and assists the director and sections in learning their parts. This requires effective score study skills and the ability to read parts. During the performance, the pianist must listen carefully to their own playing in relation to the choir, and be able to follow the indications from the conductor for tempos, phrasing, expression, and changes to dynamics arising from balance issues that occur in the performance. This kind of playing requires the sensitivity of a commanding artist who can control their instrument, and keep their ears open to be sensitive to the ensemble they are playing with.
Singers and string players have a wealth of literature written for their instrument with piano through the 18th and 19th centuries. The compositional conventions from the corresponding style periods lead the piano parts for these pieces to be generally idiomatic for the piano. This does not mean they are easy, or that they won't require as much (if not more) practice than solo piano literature by the same composers, but you are less likely to confront problems with texture or balance that arise from the often clunky arrangements of late 19th and 20th century literature written for wind and brass instruments. In some cases, composers of instrumental music in the 20th and 21st centuries were not (or are not) pianists themselves, and wrote published pieces with piano parts that are impossible to play and require reductions or adaptations to perform. There is no such thing as an easy piano piece, but some present more difficulties than others!
Performing with another musician is always a collaborative experience, if for no other reason than the fact that every member of the ensemble must work together toward the common goal of giving a convincing performance of the music. Here are a few pieces for different instruments where the composer demands more of the pianist than the soloist. If you learn the piano parts for these pieces and play them well, you will be in high demand as a collaborator.
Band members, choir members, and percussionists regularly rehearse and perform with other musicians. This can be fun, and the communal nature of making music in an ensemble is rewarding. As pianists who regularly perform music written for solo piano, this can lead to feeling excluded. The sense of community that comes from being a member of an ensemble is often missing for pianists who spend many hours of solitude with their scores and instruments. Collaborative piano activities give pianists the opportunity to make music with other musicians.
Collaborative pianists must be able to learn music quickly. In some cases, the pianist may even need to be able to sight read a piece of music they have not seen before or practiced in real time with the other members of an ensemble. This occasionally happens even in lessons! A collaborative pianist playing for a vocalist during their lesson might be asked to sight read a piece with the singer.
Pianists who perform in chamber ensembles often take on additional roles beyond what they might encounter when working with only one other musician. Because most members of an ensemble play from a part with only their notes but the pianist plays from a full score with all the musician's parts, the pianist is often tasked with facilitating rehearsals and solving issues related to fitting the piece together with all the other members of the ensemble.
As a group, all the members of an ensemble must make decisions about how they will perform the music. This includes making decisions about parameters like:
While the technical demands are just as high for collaborative literature as they are for solo literature, the pianist is not alone on the stage during the performance. This may be a welcome change of pace if you are accustomed to performing alone in recitals, competitions, and auditions. As a collaborative pianist, you get to have fun practicing with other musicians, and enjoy a performance where the spotlight is on the ensemble.
If you would like to learn more about collaborative piano, how you can get gigs, and how it will benefit you as a pianist, please get in touch.


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Hitler's Nephew, Stalin's Daughter and Other Famous Defectors
Here are four defectors whose stories you won't soon forget.
1. Hitler's Nephew
© Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORBIS
William Patrick Hitler was born in England to a German father, Alois Hitler, and an Irish mother, Bridget Dowling. When William was still a boy, his father moved back to Germany, but his mother refused to go, raising her son alone in England. Alois kept in touch with the family and so, when his famous Uncle Adolf rose to power, young William moved to Germany in the hopes that he would be given a high-profile job. After hounding him for months, Uncle Adolf agreed to give William a cushy position as long as he renounced his British citizenship and promised never to return home. Sensing something wasn't right, William went back to England and capitalized on his famous family by writing an article for Look Magazine called, "Why I Hate My Uncle."
The popularity of the story gave William and his mother (pictured above) the opportunity to travel to America as part of a lecture tour. While there, World War II broke out, and the two were essentially stranded in the United States.
Hoping to do his part in the war effort, Hitler asked for and received special permission from President Roosevelt to enlist in the U.S. Navy in 1944.
According to a newspaper story printed at the time, when he introduced himself at the draft office, the recruiter thought he was joking and responded with, "Glad to see you, Hitler. My name's Hess." a reference to Nazi leader Rudolf Hess.
William Hitler served valiantly in the war and received an honorable discharge in 1947. Then, he simply disappeared.
In 1998, author David Gardner went looking for Hitler's lost nephew and found that, after the war, William and his mother had become U.S. citizens and changed their name to Stuart-Houston. William started a successful medical laboratory business, got married, moved to Long Island, had four boys, and died in 1987. At one point during the interview, William's wife claimed that her sons made a pact never to have children—so the Hitler bloodline would end with them. The oldest son, Alexander Adolf Stuart-Houston, has denied that such a pact exists, though the men never married or had children.
2. The Littlest Defector
When the Polovchak family moved to Chicago from Soviet-controlled Ukraine in January 1980, they hoped to find the American Dream. However, it wasn't meant to be. After less than six months, the family decided to move back home. Well, most of the family did anyway. Young 17-year old Natalia and her 12-year old brother Walter were determined to stay in America. So just days before they were to board a plane, the siblings, with the help of family living in Chicago, filed for religious asylum, claiming they faced religious persecution in the Soviet Union due to their Baptist upbringing.
Because of Natalia's age, her parents couldn't legally make her come home. However, because Walter was still a minor, his parents asked for assistance from the Chicago Police Department to have their son returned to their custody. Under advisement from both the U.S. State Department and Immigration and Naturalization Service, the Chicago PD instead placed Walter in the care of the State of Illinois as a minor in need of supervision.
With their hands tied in the U.S., the rest of the Polovchak family went home without him, but they continued to fight for their son's return through political and legal channels. Before long, everyone from the Soviet Embassy, the FBI, the KGB, and the ACLU were embroiled in the controversial court cases that followed.
Sympathy for Walter caused the U.S. Government to intentionally drag its feet, stretching these court procedures out for six years in order to give Walter enough time to become a legal adult and decide for himself where he would like to stay. He was sworn in as an American citizen just a few days after his 18th birthday and still lives here today.
3. Stalin's Daughter
Svetlana Alliluyeva was born in 1926 to Nadezhda Alliluyeva and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin. She was the youngest of Stalin's three children and his only daughter. Her mother died under suspicious circumstances when Svetlana was only six years old, leaving her in the care of nannies for much of her childhood, and only receiving occasional visits from her busy father.
While the two were never close, Stalin still had a forceful hand in his daughter's life, especially her love life. Although it wasn't the official reason, it's believed that Svetlana's first love was sent into exile because of their relationship. She later married another man, but even after the couple had a son and named him after Stalin, the Premier refused to meet his son-in-law.
She married again two years later, to Yuri Zhadanov, son of Stalin's second-in-command, Andrei Zhdanov, but the marriage didn't last. She met her next love, Brajesh Singh, in 1963, 10 years after her father's death. Although the two were never allowed to marry, they often referred to each other as husband and wife. Singh died three years later due to complications from various ailments, and Alliluyeva was allowed to take Singh's ashes to his family in New Delhi, India. With her first taste of freedom, Svetlana went to the United States Embassy and asked for political asylum.
After moving to America, she wrote her autobiography, Twenty Letters to a Friend, denouncing her father's regime and the Communist way of life. While here, she married William Wesley Peters, a top apprentice of Frank Lloyd Wright, and the couple had a daughter. After this marriage also ended in divorce, Svetlana and her daughter moved to the UK, then later back to the Soviet Union, where they were both, surprisingly, granted citizenship. However, they left again and bounced between the UK and the US throughout the 1980s and 90s.
She lived in obscurity until 2007, when filmmaker Lana Parshina tracked her down to record a series of interviews, resulting in the 2008 film, Svetlana About Svetlana. As of 2010, Joseph Stalin's only daughter lives in a retirement home in southern Wisconsin.
4. The Reluctant Communist
In 1965, to avoid deployment to Vietnam, U.S. Army Sergeant Charles Jenkins, stationed in South Korea, surrendered to a bewildered North Korean soldier. Jenkins thought he'd be sent to Russia and then returned to America as a part of a prisoner exchange, but instead, North Korea reported that he had asked for political asylum. In response, the U.S. branded him a traitor and issued a warrant for his arrest. With no way to communicate with the outside world to plead his case, Jenkins had little choice but to stay in North Korea.
Unlike other countries, North Korea did not provide an easy life for defectors. Jenkins was quarantined in a one-room house with other American defectors, where they received political indoctrination under constant threat of violence. In 1972, they were moved to separate homes, but life didn't get much better. Jenkins was assigned professions and given a small ration of food, but otherwise eked out an existence like everyone else. The violence continued as well, most notably when North Korean doctors held Jenkins down and, without anesthetic, removed a U.S. Army tattoo from his arm with a pair of scissors.
Hitomi Soga, a Japanese woman, was 21 years old when she met Jenkins in 1980. Hitomi had been kidnapped by North Korean agents to teach spies Japanese, and was later "given" to Jenkins as a wife to prevent him from "dirtying" the Korean bloodline. While their marriage was arranged - and despite a 20-year age difference – the two actually fell in love and had two daughters. At about the same time, Jenkins and other defectors were ordered to appear in a 20-hour propaganda film, Unsung Heroes, acting as villainous U.S. military leaders. When American intelligence acquired the film, it was the first time they could confirm that Jenkins was still alive.
Figuring they would never be allowed to leave, the Jenkins family made the best of their situation, suffering through the country's most difficult times in the 1980s and 90s. However, in 2002, their luck changed when North Korea admitted that Japanese civilians, like Hitomi, had been abducted. To make amends, abductees and their families were allowed to return to Japan. Jenkins was resistant – he feared North Korea was testing his loyalty, and worried about the American arrest warrant – but he was finally convinced to leave with his family in 2004. Once in Japan, Jenkins offered to have his marriage to Hitomi dissolved, figuring she had only stayed with him before because she had no choice. She refused.
To clear his conscience, on September 11, 2004, Jenkins, at the age of 64, put on his old Army uniform, and reported for duty at Camp Zama, a U.S. Army base near Tokyo. His 40-year absence marked the longest any American deserter had ever gone before turning himself in. Jenkins pleaded guilty to charges of desertion and aiding the enemy, but denied making disloyal statements (those charges were later dropped). Although he could have received life in prison, he was sentenced to 30 days in the brig and a


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Shortly after 11 am on April 19, 1861 as the Lowell-based Sixth Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment marched through Baltimore on its way to reinforce the nearly undefended Washington DC, a pro-Southern mob attacked the soldiers from Lowell. Within an hour, Luther Ladd, Addison Whitney, Sumner Needham and Charles Taylor were dead and 32 of their comrades were seriously wounded, but the rest of the regiment made it through to Washington, preempting a Confederate attack.
How was it that soldiers from Lowell were the first to be killed in action during the American Civil War? On Sunday, March 27, 2011 at 11:30 am at the Lowell National Park Visitor Center, 246 Market Street, Lowell, I will explain how these men from Lowell came to be present at this critical point in our nation's history. Admission is free. Please join us.


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The Multi-Tiered Cloud Security (MTCS) Singapore Standard (SS 584:2015) is the world's first cloud security standard that covers multiple tiers of cloud security. It aims to encourage the adoption of sound risk management and security practices for cloud computing. MTCS prescribes cloud computing security practices and controls, applied to cloud users and Cloud Service Providers (CSPs), to strengthen governance, reliability and resilience of cloud security controls in their environments.
MTCS serves the needs of differing cloud users for data sensitivity and business criticality. As cloud computing resources are shared across public sector organizations and private companies, in various locations and within diversity of information security maturity levels, risks have emerged of unsanctioned access to sensitive data.
MTCS certification is currently applied to different service models offered in cloud computing across South-East Asia, simplified to three types: The base type is data center infrastructure (Infrastructure-as-a-Services), the platform that sits on top of the infrastructure (Platform-as-a-Service), and finally the enterprise-facing application (Software-as-a-Service).
MTCS certification would help CSPs structure disclosure clauses in service level agreements with end-user contracts, concerning data retention, ownership, portability, legal obligations, availability, business continuity, disaster recovery and incident reporting.


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My last blog introduced the idea of using Microsoft Visual Studio Code to work with Power BI Models. For this article, I build on that idea by showing how you can use a TOM based script to automatically generate measures in your model Power BI (or Azure Analysis Services) model.
For simplicity, the example in this blog will do the following:
– Connect to an instance of Power BI Desktop
– Iterate through every Table in the model
– Iterate through every Column in the "current" table from the outer loop
– If the Column is numeric and not hidden, create a simple [Sum of ] measure
Read on for demonstration code and a walkthrough of the process.


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Watch A Snake Eat Itself [VIDEO]
Well, here's something you don't see everyday.
This snake in a pet shop was recorded eating itself. Instead of finding someone to make it stop, some dude decided it would be better to record it. While this phenomenon is rare, it does happen when snakes get disoriented or stressed. According to this article at iflscience.com:
If snakes get too hot, they can become confused and disoriented. They also get a ramped-up metabolism, causing them to have a false sense of hunger and a desire to eat the first thing they see. As captive snakes typically live alone and food isn't routinely consistently available to them, they end up attacking themselves.
The article goes on to say that it is possible to get the snake to stop eating itself by turning down the heat and spritzing it with cool water, but most of the times, these instances become fatal.


The Oxford English Dictionary defines a post as (1) a support or column of timber, (2) a stand for displaying notices, and (3) a vehicle or vessel used to carry letters and other postal matter. In this essay, I will elaborate the significance of the digital post in relation to these definitions. I argue that the digital post connotes these meanings in a variety of ways, but is ultimately distinct. Thus, an understanding of the digital post necessitates an understanding of its roots. The OED definition implies that a post is a foundation upon which more complex systems are built and maintained. As a stand for displaying notices, the post is a mass address and a social practice. Likened to the postal system, digital posts make up a networked medium that redefines spatial and temporal limitations in the transportation of information.
As an act of publication, the post's purpose is to convey ideas by mediating the mind into a form that is movable, comprehensible, and capable of reaching others. It forms relationships between individuals and disseminates information over spatial and temporal boundaries, forming a network. Through an examination of its etymology, the post is revealed as representing two disparate network structures: the centralized network of the post for displaying public messages, and the linear network of the postal system. The critical differentiating factor between these two network forms is the intended audience of address.
The post of the public notice attempts to address all of the members of the network. It does so from a centralized position of prominence, and is incorporated into the systems of power of the network. Access to the ability to publish, whether limited to a particular group, or available to all members of the network has no bearing on access to the posted publications. The centralization of the system ensures that all members of the network have equal access to it.
The post of the postal system, though, directs a distinct and singular message to an intended and specified addressee, ensuring adherence "to certain established standards of regularity, speed, and security." The network shape of any postal message is linear and unidirectional, with the information moving from sender to addressee. It is important to note that an examination of the postal system as a network, as opposed to the postal message, would reveal a distributed structure. However, this network is irrelevant to this discussion, as it addresses the shape of a system of aggregated and unrelated posts, and does not address the post itself.
In stark contrast, the digital post is capable of simultaneously embodying both network forms, resulting in an unprecedented structure. In this network, the post has a specific addressee, but is differentiated in that these connections are accessible to the entire network. Unlike the publication of an "open letter," which does not ensure that the intended recipient obtains the letter, the digital post is delivered directly to the addressee. However, the digital post is no less private than the posting of a public notice. The resulting network shape of a singular digital post is entirely distributed, while simultaneously being uniquely linear. It is best understood as a system of connected nodes, where all the nodes and connections are available to every other node in the network.
Hence, the digital post is the dominant communicative form connecting the digital social network, as compared to "messaging" and "friending." "Post" spans the spectrum of digital platforms and networks that serve to connect individuals via networked computers. The content or message of the post can encompass a wide range of media, with little preference given to any particular medium. Some of these media are more traditional forms, including text, picture, and video, while others are more particular to the social networking environment, such as "liking," "linking," and "poking." The important distinction is that the post as a medium creates value independent of its content.
Due to its complexity, I believe it beneficial to approach the post as an environment through which the personas and avatars represented by "profiles" live, grow, and interact. Doing so, advances us past the materialistic conception of a medium, and allows us to understand the post as a social practice of "digital identities," embodied forms represented in a digital space. I would like to suggest that it is the post, and not the profile, that forms the basis for the digital identity, as it is the post that confirms the "life" of the profile. Once set up, the profile can exist without a sender or a receiver, and as such only confirms the existence of a data pattern on a server. If the profile is not generating posts, it becomes, in way, dead. Without posting, there is no way to confirm the existence of the inferred embodiment implied by the profile. Alternatively, the post is the pulse of the digital identity. Not only does it substantiate the digital identity, but it can also tell us how the identity lives, its state of health, level of activity, and relation to other identities. As such, it is the post and not the profile that links the digital identity to its embodied, analog, user.
As the representation of a social practice, the post can be understood in Peirce's terms of icon (a physical resemblance), index (a corollary sensory indication), and symbol (an arbitrary representation). The post operates as an index on the basis of its objectness, pointing to the existence of a specific digital identity and its relative placement in a network. A symbolic understanding exposes the post as content that can be interpreted to reveal aspects of the identity it represents. However, the post cannot serve as an icon because the abstract nature of the digital identity resists iconic representation. Furthermore, the post itself opposes iconic representation by not being consistently grounded in a particular physical shape, format, or form.
When identity exists without iconic representation, there is no representation of the identity as form. In her book on post-humanism, Katherine Hayles raises that when an identity becomes heavily dissociated from its surface representation and heavily mediated by technology, the identity becomes dependent on that technology. For Hayles, the human becomes post-human when engaged in an extensive form of heavily mediated representation. I believe the digital post is a condition of possibility for the formation of post-human identities, as it transforms the identity of an embodied presence into an aggregate of patterned information contingent on its mediated production. To build upon Hayles, I argue that the digital identity conferred by the post is a post-human identity, and that the post-human and posting human are undifferentiated.
On the basis of these singular qualities, the digital post has established a precedent by which the commodity can enter into the digital social network to represent itself. This expansion of capitalism may be the most exceptional effect of the post, as older mediums limited commodities to mediated forms of representation, like the logo or spokesperson. These forms cannot embody the commodity, but only serve to represent it in the abstract. Conversely, the adoption of the post by companies and products bestows commodities with a digital embodiment free from iconic representation. This allows an intensification of commodity fetishism, as commodities are able to represent themselves in digital space and engage in new relations with markets and individual consumers. Through the post, the commodity and the person are reduced to the same pattern of representation. Their capacity to interact with the network becomes analogous, forming indistinguishable expressions of identity.
In many ways the post has produced the ultimate self-amputation by means of technology, allowing for the complete externalization of the self. I can look at a computer screen and observe my own digital identity. This is not akin to looking in a mirror. The identity that is established by the post is distinct, and although reflective, it is not a reflection. Currently, this digital identity requires a physical embodiment to provide the keystrokes that massage the medium of the post into the correct shape. However, it would be folly to assume the post is imperatively dependent on a physical embodiment. It need not be so. The post is many things; foundational, representative, informational, and has become the medium in which the digital identity communicates. But above all the post gives life to the digital identity, thereby substantiating it. Constituo, ergo sum: I post, therefore I am.
Tom Hehir
"_URL_" Oxford English Dictionary Online. 29 October 2010.
McLuhan, Marshall. Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man. Boston: MIT Press, 1994.
Mitchell, WJT. What Do Pictures Want? Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2005.
Dunston, Bryan. "Postal system" in The Chicago School of Media Keywords Glossary. [_URL_ cited on 29 October 2010.
Galloway, Alexander. "Networks" in Critical Terms for Media Studies. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2010.
Dunston, Bryan. Postal system in The Chicago School of Media Keywords Glossary. [_URL_ cited on 29 October 2010.


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- a reformed calendar officially introduced by the French Republican government on October 5, 1793.
The calendar was taken to have started on the equinox of September 22, 1792, the day of the proclamation of the Republic. It had twelve months of thirty days each, with five days of festivals at the year's end (six in leap years). The names of the months were Vendémiaire, Brumaire, Frimaire, Nivose, Pluviose, Ventose, Germinal, Floréal, Plairial, Messidor, Thermidor, and Fructidor. The new calendar was abandoned under the Napoleonic regime, and the Gregorian calendar was formally reinstated on January 1, 1806


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Drinking, Family Relations and Authority in Early Modern Germany
The ideal of orderly family life in early modern Germany did not exclude drinking. In fact, drinks shared at the family table were closely tied to early modern notions of the marital bond and were also a necessary component of normal work relations. Drinking became a problem only when it threatened the stability of the household. The amount of alcohol involved in such cases might be as little as one drink if the circumstances were unsuitable. On the other hand, drinking that would by our standards be viewed as excessive or chronic could be considered acceptable. Even during and immediately after the period of Reformation, when polemical and prescriptive literature addressing the household was dominated by the problem of sin, drunkenness was rarely treated as a spiritual issues. The primary concern of both authorities and populace was not to protect the health or the rights of individuals but to protect the sanctity of the household and the stability of the community.
The Journal of Family History
Tlusty, B. Ann. "Drinking, Family Relations and Authority in Early Modern Germany." The Journal of Family History (2004) : 253-273.