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Ain't it true that while counting the moves for 1 tile can lead to other tiles getting to their goal state? And hence counting for each tile can give us a count more than the minimum moves required to reach the goal state?
This question is in context of Manhattan distance for 15-Puzzle.
Here is the Question in different words:
Can we use Manhattan distance as an admissible heuristic for N-Puzzle. To implement A* search we need an admissible heuristic. Is Manhattan heuristic a candidate? If yes, how do you counter the above argument (the first 3 sentences in the question)?
Definitions: A* is a kind of search algorithm. It uses a heuristic function to determine the estimated distance to the goal. As long as this heuristic function never overestimates the distance to the goal, the algorithm will find the shortest path, probably faster than breadth-first search would. A heuristic that satisfies that condition is admissible.
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Can you give some more background on what the problem is? Depending on the problem, Manhattan distance could either be perfectly admissible or entirely inadmissible. – templatetypedef Dec 31 '10 at 18:05
Manhattan Distance is a metric for distance or work, not a class of problems. DESCRIBE the PROBLEM. – San Jacinto Dec 31 '10 at 18:12
_USER_ The problem is this – belisarius has settled Dec 31 '10 at 18:15
_USER_: An "admissible heuristic" in A* search is an estimate of how close you are to your goal that never overstates the distance. That guarantees finding the shortest (or least-cost) path. This is a real question, although one requiring the knowledge of some specific terminology, and should be re-opened. – David Thornley Jan 20 '11 at 15:31
_USER_: it is now reopened, and also retagged so that it has tags that put it where people who have the requisite knowledge can find it. To someone who has the requisite knowledge, the question was mostly clear to begin with, though a link to Wikipedia for the 15 puzzle (or a description of it) would have been a good idea to start with. – Ken Bloom Jan 21 '11 at 16:03
2 Answers 2
up vote 9 down vote accepted
Admissable heuristics must not overestimate the number of moves to solve this problem. Since you can only move the blocks 1 at a time and in only one of 4 directions, the optimal scenario for each block is that it has a clear, unobstructed path to its goal state. This is a M.D. of 1.
The rest of the states for a pair of blocks is sub-optimal, meaning it will take more moves than the M.D. to get the block in the right place. Thus, the heuristic never over-estimate and is admissible.
I will delete when someone posts a correct, formal version of this.
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I got it! I am sorry for being not so clear. This happened may be because I had not given enough thought to the doubt I was facing – Akhil Dec 31 '10 at 18:28
Formal Proof: By definition of h, h(s∗) = 0, if s∗ is the goal state. Assume for proof by contradiction that C∗ < h(s0) for some initial state s0. Note that, since each action can move only one tile, performing an action can at most reduce h by one. Since the goal can be reached in C∗ actions, we have h(s∗) ≥ h(s0) − C∗ > 0, which brings us to a contradiction since h(s∗) should be zero. Therefore, we must have h(s0) ≤ C∗ forall s0, and h is admissible. (Source: University of California, Irvine)
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Tahoe Tessie
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Tahoe Tessie is a cryptozoological creature which supposedly resides in North America's largest alpine lake, Lake Tahoe, located in Nevada and California. Tales of the lake-dwelling creature can be traced to stories told by members of the Washoe and Paiute tribes in the mid-19th century, stating that the creature resides in an underwater tunnel beneath Cave Rock, and sightings have continued into modern day.
Sightings describe Tessie as being between 10 and 80 feet long, having a large, serpentine body "as wide across as a barrel," and coloration ranging from jet black to turquoise. Its skin is usually described as smooth, despite having reptilian features.
In the 1950s, two off-duty police officers out on the lake reported seeing a large, black hump rise from the water, and keep speed with the boat, going over 60 mph (97 km/h).
According to an anonymous witness on Weird California.com, "Myself, along with 3 others watched a large serpent-like creature feeding/hunting in a school of large trout. It was in the middle of winter of 1979 off the dock at Homewood. It was about as big around as a telephone pole and maybe 30'-60' in length from what we could see of it. It didn't swim like a snake (side to side). It was diving up and splashing down with its head/neck? into the school of fish, which were leaping out of the water ahead of it. We were speechless for several minutes afterwards."
In the 1980s, two fishermen reported seeing a 15-foot-long (4.6 m) serpent pass underneath the surface of the water, near Cave Rock.
Several weeks after, two divers reported finding an underwater cave, and a creature shot out, leaving the silt stirred. Where the creature had been, there were two large fin-prints.
Sometime in the late 1990s, a kayaking instructor reported seeing a glance of what looked like a green two-person kayak flip over and immediately sink. When he approached the area in a speedboat, there were no traces of the kayak, and his students did not report flipping over at any time.
In 2004, an off-duty bartender on the Tahoe Queen took a picture of a black hump in the water, which he claims is the top of the creature's head.
In 2006 a family vacationing near Tahoe sited a large, black, scale lacking creature appearing similar to a sturgeon with an upturned white nose. However the creature moved up-and-down like a mammal instead of side-to-side like a reptile.
There has been rumored Tessie footage, which is reportedly being analyzed before being released to the public.
There have been many theories surrounding Tahoe Tessie, the most popular being that it is either a Plesiosaur, Pliosaur, Ichthyosaur or a Mosasaur, due to fossils of the creatures being found in the Surrounding Nevada Desert, and Sierra Nevada mountains. These theories are quickly dismissed by many Tessie experts, stating that the lake was formed in the last Ice Age, long after the creatures went extinct. Other theories say that it may be anything from a population of Sturgeon, to a new species of Freshwater eel.
In the media[edit]
Tahoe Tessie is a popular logo for many Tahoe-based companies, with a cartoon version being in many children's picture books, and a popular character featured in local newspapers. There even used to be a local museum and hotline, but both recently closed.
Purported sightings continue in modern times.[1][2]
 1. ^ "Tahoe Tessie". americanmonsters.com. Retrieved 2009-05-24. [dead link]
 2. ^ Sheffield, Keith (2005-04-29). "Dark shapes in the lake: Tahoe Tessie legend remains alive for visitors". Tahoe Daily Tribune. Retrieved 2013-07-22.


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|Start:||01 September 2013|
|End:||31 August 2014|
|Department:||Remote Sensing (RSE)|
In the frame of a research project founded by the Italian Ministero dell'Università, dell'Istruzione e della Ricerca (PON01-02710 – "Monitoraggio in Area Sismica di SIstemi MOnumentali – MASSIMO"), the Geomatics Division was commissioned to carry out some experimental activities based on the application of ground based radar interferometry. The main objective of the project is the mitigation of seismic vulnerability related to both Cultural and Historical buildings, especially when considering monumental heritages located on seismic areas. Within such a framework, Non Destructive Testing (NDT) techniques and proximal remotely sensed tools play a key role for providing the damage detection and the conservation status evaluation, especially in response to seismic hazards. Based on this rationale, the Project proposes to provide a methodology relevant to the integrated use of Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS), Infrared Thermal Camera (IR-TC) and Radar sensors for both the structural health monitoring and the seismic risk mitigation of monumental heritages. The study is based on two experimental campaigns carried out in Calabria region (Italy). Deformation and vibration studies are focused towards three sites and using two radar terrestrial techniques: Ground-based SAR (GB-SAR) and Real Aperture Radar (RAR), used to monitor the historical centre of Cosenza, and the dynamical response of different buildings respectively. The activity consists of radar data acquisition, processing, vibration/deformation estimation, and its integration with data provided by the other sensors.
Figure above: Real Aperture Radar (RAR) monitoring of an historical building

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Brown, Ignatius (DNB00)
|←Brown, Gilbert||Dictionary of National Biography, _PHONE_, Volume 07
|Brown, James (_PHONE_)→|
BROWN IGNATIUS (_PHONE_), Irish writer was born in the county of Water ford in 1630, but educated in Spain In his twenty first year he was admitted into the society of jesuits at Compostella After teaching belles lettres for some time in Castile he was sent on a mission into his own country whence removing into France he became rector in 1676, of the newly founded Irish seminary at Poitiers Having been appointed confessor to the Queen of Spain he died at Valladolid in 1679, during a journey to Madrid. He was the author of 'The Unerring and Unerrable Church, in Answer to a Sermon of Andrew Sall, preached at Christ Church Dublin in July 1674 (dedicated in ironical terms to the Earl of Essex), 1675, and 'An Unerrable Church or None Being a Rejoinder to "The Unerring and Unerrable Church," against Dr Andrew Sall's Reply, entitled "The Catholic and Apostolic Church of England"' (dedicated to the Duke of Ormonde), 1678. He is also the reputed author of a treatise, 'Pax Yobis.'
[Ware's Works Harris, ii. 186-7.]

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Do you need Image Classification in your IoT project? In this blog article, we will show you an easy way to develop a simple image classification application using Node-RED packages that are publicly available.
Who is this for? If you're new to low-code IoT programming and machine vision, this blog article will help you learn the ropes quickly and easily. If you've used Node-RED or are familiar with machine vision then you'll likely find our upcoming webinar more insightful as it tackles the challenges surrounding industrial machine vision IoT applications. Register here.
Toolkit: Node-RED, TensorFlow and Prescient Designer
We'll be using some open-source packages and libraries in this tutorial, so you can easily access them for this exercise.
Node-RED is an open-source software application that enables low-code programming of an IoT edge device. You'll be able to build this app quickly if you're already familiar with Node-RED. If you haven't used Node-RED before, it's still easy to get started with this introductory video.
Node-RED is focused on a single edge device, while Prescient Designer is built to scale
Node-RED and TensorFlow.js make it possible to design applications for remote monitoring, asset tracking or any other industrial application easily. However, Node-RED by itself only focuses on a single edge device, making it very difficult to scale your application to a large deployment.
However, Node-RED by itself only focuses on a single edge device, making it very difficult to scale your application to a large deployment.
Scaling Node-RED requires knowledge and experience in complex technologies and domain expertise like security, communication, protocols, orchestration and more.
That's where Prescient Designer can help. Prescient Designer is built for enterprise-class applications, with a specific focus on scaling large IoT deployments. It may look similar to Node-RED on the surface, but it's packed with advanced features like distributed programming, end-to-end security, recovery and rollback, remote collaboration built-in communication, application template solutions, and more. You can watch an overview of Prescient Designer's features here.
Getting Started with TensorFlow in Prescient Designer and Node-RED
This tutorial will work if you only have access to Node-RED, but it will be easier and more straight-forward with Prescient Designer. Watch our video tutorial to walk you through this exercise. Let's begin!
Installing Nodes from Palette Manager
Here are the required nodes you need to install from Palette Manager.
- node-red-contrib-browser-utils – This provides a file inject node to upload files from the browser
- node-red-contrib-image-output – Helps in viewing the image on the Node-RED editor.
- @prescient-devices/node-red-contrib-usb-camera - Enables image capturing from within Node-RED
- node-red-contrib-TensorFlow – Contains pre-trained TensorFlow models.
The node-red-contrib-TensorFlow node has 4 pre-trained tensorflow models.
- Object Detection -- The node to identify objects in an image
- MediaPipe Handpose -- The node to detect fingers in a hand
- MobileNet -- The node to classify images with MobileNet
- PoseNet Model -- The node to estimate human pose
It has been developed by Kazuhito Yokoi (@kazuhitoyokoi), software engineer at Hitachi and an avid node-red contributor.
If you're using Prescient Designer, import the template using Template Browser.
Things you'll need to successfully deploy this solution at the edge:
- Prescient Designer
- Any USB camera
- Raspberry pi 3+ or similar device.
If you're using Node-RED only, You can download the flow used in this tutorial here - image-classification.json.
Using MobileNet to classify images
In this demo, we will be using MobileNet to classify Images. If you want to see the full list of supported classes, you can access them here.
First, we'll drag in the required nodes inside the flow and wire them up.
Then, click on the "Deploy" button
Test your application by adding an arbitrary image using the file-inject node to see the results
There you have it! You just successfully built your first machine vision application using TensorFlow and Node-RED. Wasn't that hard, was it?
Applying your machine vision application to multiple edge devices
If you want to use the same image classification application on many devices, you will need to scale your application. Because Node-RED is a single system app, scaling this object classification solution to many devices will require expertise in vast domains from security to orchestration and everything in between.
Scaling your solution with Prescient Designer
We can use the power of Prescient Designer to deploy this solution to one edge device or thousands of edge devices with a single click of a button.
Instead of uploading images, we'll be using a camera connected to our edge device. It performs these actions:
- Take a picture
- Run inference
- Return back the result
Add (or provision) the edge device with Prescient Designer. Use ssh into the edge device and run the provisioning script found under settings. If you're not sure how to provision your edge device, you can visit our Documentation or simply follow this short tutorial video here.
Next, create a subflow. Add the following nodes to the subflow. The USB-camera node will get triggered on a message from input one and route the image to:
- Output 1 - Encoded Image for display
- Output 2 - The result of classification
Your overall flow should look like this:
Next, we'll convert this sub-flow to a device. The block of code inside the sub-flow will run on the edge device provisioned in the previous step.
Then, you can deploy and test your application.
You can download the flow used in this tutorial here, or watch this video tutorial demonstration. For more IoT learning, visit our Resource Library.
In our next blog article, I will show you how you can use TensorFlow models to classify custom images based on your application requirements.
Using Machine Vision for IoT
Want to learn more about building machine vision applications? We are hosting a webinar focused on teaching you how to build machine vision applications with TensorFlow and Node-RED on May 26 at 11AM EDT. Discover how you can use machine vision in your IoT projects with our Director of Software Development, Ashish Yadav. Register for this event now.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Help Rallies and Protests Succeed
Mason Cummings, The Wilderness Society
Make a strong showing on rally day
Rallies or demonstrations are a great way to raise visibility for conservation and environmental issues. They can help send messages to decision makers and spread awareness to the public. To be successful, rallies require certain elements. Whether you're an veteran protester or attending your first demonstration, your presence will be welcome. So grab your demonstration sign and get out there. But first, check out our tips below for how you can help make things go smoothly.
Before the rally
At the rally
Organizers often provide tools for making signs, but you can make your own ahead of time to ensure a strong visual statement. If there is a check-in table, be sure to stop by and sign your name to petitions as well as any mailing lists for future events.
After the rally
During and after the rally, keep the buzz going by sharing photos as well as local news stories on your social networks using popular hashtags.
Tag your Congress member to help drive publicity about the event. Share local media posts and leave supportive comments on social news media feeds. Use the comments sections of news stories and social media posts to add critical information that the reporter may have left out.
Climate March 2017, DC
Marching for the climate in Washington, DC
Jonathan Meyers, The Wilderness Society
Tips for success
 1. Demonstrate peacefully
 Be peaceful and respectful to passers by and ignore those who taunt or attempt to incite violence. It goes without saying that you should never damage public property in the course of a protest.
 2. Welcome the media
 Nothing helps amplify your voice like the news media can. If you're approached by a reporter, be willing to talk about why you have come or help the reporter get information. If you're uncomfortable being on camera or being quoted, point the reporter in the direction of an organizer or someone who can serve as an articulate spokesperson in your group.
 3. Stick to the issue
 Whether it's the words on your picket sign or the banter you engage in, you'll want to keep your focus on the issue at hand. Don't get lured into heated dialogue or arguments with passers-by. If the rally is about climate change, keep the focus on climate change.
 4. Be constructive
 When possible focus on solution-oriented messages for picket signs, slogans or chants. Avoid polarizing slogans that don't further the debate in a constructive way. Steer clear of picket signs or banter that spreads false "either-or" arguments. For example, pro-development voices might like the public to believe we must choose between jobs or conservation, but this is a false argument.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Let $f, \hat{f}, g,$ and $\hat{g}$ be continuous probability densities. Define probability densities $p \propto fg$ and $\hat{p} \propto \hat{f}\hat{g}$. Is it true that \begin{align*} ||p - \hat{p}||_{1} \le || f - \hat{f}|| _{1} + ||g - \hat{g}||_1 \end{align*}
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Why would this inequality imply something of interest, if true? In short, what are your motivations for asking this? – Did Oct 29 '11 at 7:13
1 Answer 1
up vote 1 down vote accepted
Here is a real counterexample, as verified by mathematica: so we take the same discrete two point space as below, and let $f=(u_1,u_2), \hat{f} = (v_1,v_2), g = (a_1,a_2), \hat{g}=(b_1,b_2)$, with the relation that $x_1 + x_2 = 1$ where $x \in \{u,v,a,b\}$. So your claim becomes in this special case
$$ |\frac{u_1 a_1}{u_1 p_1 + u_2 a_2} - \frac{v_1 b_1}{v_1 b_1 + v_2 b_2}| + | \frac{u_2 a_2}{u_1 a_1 + u_2 a_2} - \frac{v_2 b_2}{v_1 b_1 + v_2 b_2}|$$ $$\le |u_1 - v_1| + |u_2 - v_2| + |a_1 - b_1| + |a_2 - b_2|$$
Now using the relation that if $x + y = 1$ and $w + z = 1$, then $|x - w| + |y - z| = 2 |x -w|$, we can simplify the above inequality to
$$ |\frac{u_1 a_1}{u_1 a_1 + u_2 a_2} - \frac{v_1 b_1}{v_1 b_1 + v_2 b_2}| \le |u_1 - v_1| + |a_1 - b_1| $$.
What I then did is to subtract the square of the right hand side from the square of the left hand side, and call the resulting function $h(u,v,a,b)$, where $x := x_1$ for $x \in \{u,v,a,b\}$. Then I did some brute force search of maximum and found the following point:
$$u=v =0.456239, a = 1/5, b = 1/2$$ If you plug it in to $h$ you should get $0.000652285 > 0$. So that means the left hand side is not always $\le$ the right hand side. Here are the mathematica code so that you can help me verify:
q[u1_, u2_, a1_, a2_, v1_, v2_, b1_, b2_] := (u1 a1/(u1 a1 + u2 a2) - v1 b1/(v1 b1 + v2 b2))^2 - ( (u1 - v1)^2 + (a1 - b1)^2 + 2 Abs[(u1 - v1) (a1 - b1)]);
h[u_, v_, a_, b_] := q[u, 1 - u, a, 1 - a, v, 1 - v, b, 1 - b];
h[0.456239, 0.456239, 2/3, 2/5]
= 0.000652285
Edit: below was my earlier false counterexample.
I believe it's false. Here is an argument. It suffices to consider discrete probability space, say the two point space $\Omega = \{ 0,1 \} $. Now let $f =(u_1,1-u_1)$ be the probability mass function, so that means $f(0) = u_1$ and $f(1) = 1-u_1$. and similarly $\hat{f} = (u_2,1-u_2)$. Also I will let $g = \hat{g} = (p, 1-p)$. Then $\|g - \hat{g}\|_1 = 0$, so your inequality amounts to
$ |\frac{p u_1}{p u_1 + (1-p)(1-u_1)} - \frac{p u_2}{pu_2 + (1-p)(1-u_2)}| \le |u_1 - u_2|$.
Now take $u_1 = 2/3$ and $u_2 = 1/3$, and let $ 1-p >> p$. Then you get a contradiction.
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I don't think this counter example is true. The left hand side should be |P_1 - \hat{P}_1| + |P_2 - \hat{P}_2|, (P \propto fg not to confuse with your p) currently you are only considering the term |P_1 - \hat{P}_1|. Also the left hand side is 2|u_1 - u_2|. Moreover, when g is highly biased (p \to 0 in your example) then the right hand side of my inequality (||P - \hat{P}||_1) goes to zero so it's true. – Nima Oct 29 '11 at 3:42
Thanks for the counter example. I appreciate it. Do you think some inequality like that might be true perhaps with some prefactor? I want to somehow bound the tv distance of the product of some probability densities in terms of the individual tv distances – Nima Oct 29 '11 at 5:57
That's a good question. I have no intuitions whatsoever, just pure luck. Can you state the original problem you are trying to solve? My first impression was that the inequality does not scale appropriately on the two sides, which led to my disbelief. – John Jiang Oct 29 '11 at 6:01
I was trying to prove convergence of a low-complexity variant of belief propagation algorithm which we call it stochastic belief propagation. Belief propagation has various applications in signal and image processing, computer vision, etc. This statement or something like that would be helpful. Thanks anyway – Nima Oct 29 '11 at 21:14
Your Answer


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Having large sucker-like structures that allow them to stick to vertical surfaces isn't the weirdest thing about the sucker-footed bat of Madagascar. The real mystery that surrounds them is that no one has ever found a female of the species:
"We have netted enough times and in enough different places at Kianjavato to be sure they are not there," Prof Racey told the BBC. "We have netted up and down the valley and not found anything.
"We have also found a new population nearer the coast 100km away, but all males."
At Kianjavato, the researchers have so far located 133 roosts of sucker-footed bats, which roost in the partially unfurled leaves of the so-callled Traveller's tree (Ravenala madagascariensis), a well-known plant in Madagascar that looks much like a banana tree.
Each roost contained between nine and 51 individual males.
"My research assistant Mahefa Ralisata emailed this morning to say she had just netted another 26 males at Kianjavato, no females," says Prof Racey.


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Chattanooga, Tennessee: Train Town--
By looking at Chattanooga, Tennessee: Train Town, students will understand how Chattanooga's development illustrates the importance of railroads to American cities. Those interested in learning more will find that the Internet offers a variety of interesting materials.
Allegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site
Allegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site is a unit of the National Park System. The park's expanded Web pages examine subjects related to transportation history, canals, the 1800s, and more.
Mojave National Preserve Railroads
Central Pacific Railroad Photographic History Museum
Mojave National Preserve Railroads is a unit of the National Park System. The park's web page discusses the importance of transportation in our nation's history, particularly the influence of the Burlington Northern/Santa Fe on the Mojave National Preserve. This railroad provided the main economic lifeline for miners, ranchers, and homesteaders by creating a link to the national economy.
The Central Pacific Railroad Photographic History Museum Web site documents through both text and pictures the completion of the first transcontinental railroad. When it was completed, the rails of the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific Railroad were joined, completing a coast-to-coast connection. The site also offers links to other non-profit Web sites detailing laws and events that help dictate the history of trains and railroads.
Library of Congress
American Railway Maps, _PHONE_
American Memory Collection
Search the American Memory Collection Web page for a variety of historical resources on the "Chattanooga, railroad," "Chattanooga," and "railroads." Included on the Web site are historic photographs, maps, sheet music, articles, and documents on everything from Terminal Station to Chattanooga's role in the Civil War.
View the Library of Congress's American Memory Collection of Railway Maps by searching with keywords or browsing by geographical location. On the home page, scroll down to useful links on the "History of Railroads and Maps," "Related
Resources" and "Learn More About It!"
Railroad Terminals and Stations
Ohio Railroad Stations Past and Present
This Web page provides links to numerous interactive databases of existing railroad stations in Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, and several other states. The information the database provides about each station includes the original city in which it was located, the railroads it serviced, its current location, how it is currently being used, and more. Also included are many photographs that provide a frame of reference for different architectural railroad station styles in the United States.
The New York Central Terminal of Buffalo, New York
Visit this Web site that provides an in-depth look at the creation and history of the New York Central Terminal of Buffalo, NY. Included on the site are details about the rise and decline of the use of railroads in America as a form of mass transit.


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The ability to harvest rainwater completely depends upon the rainfall rate and the timing of rainfall in your area. Figure one shows the average annual rainfall rates across the continental United States.
You can use this information along with the information provided in the Rainwater Harvest Installation page to calculate the potential volume of water available from rainwater harvesting in your area.
Annual Average Precipitation
United States of America
Figure 1: Annual average precipitation in the United States (courtesy of the Oregon Climate Service)
For more detailed information on seasonal, monthly, and even daily rainfall in your area check out this web site and select the applicable regional climate center.
Remember that rainwater harvesting for landscape irrigation may only be practical in locations where rainwater can be collected in sufficient quantities during the time that it is needed. If most rainfall is seasonal, covered storage may be required which can increase costs.


text:
Patellar Luxation Part 1: Pathoanatomy, Diagnostic Tips and Client Education
This lecture begins with a discussion of what determines whether the patella tracks normally or it luxates. Understanding of this relevant pathoanatomy guides the veterinarian in their diagnostic methods, client education, case selection, and surgical techniques. Diagnostic tips include a discussion of breeds at risk for medial patellar luxation (MPL) vs. lateral patellar luxation (LPL), gait patterns typical of MPL and LPL, the importance of the standing examination and hip extension, video demonstration of cruciate ligament evaluation and common radiographic errors that can be avoided. This module concludes with a discussion of evidence-based answers to questions commonly asked by pet owners. After attending this lecture, attendees will be better able to understand and diagnose patellar luxation (including the difficult cases) and to educate pet owners with regard to their commonly asked questions.


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A recently released study by CSIRO Agriculture and Food focused on breeding and selecting new locally adapted rootstocks has had resounding success, with three new rootstocks to be released
South Australia's multi-billion-dollar food industries will benefit from new scientific leadership in the state. Dr Maria Saarela has been named Research Director, Food Sciences at the South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI), in…
'Save the bees' from what? And how exactly? A bee crisis breakdown by Dr Katja Hogendoorn, senior bee researcher at the University of Adelaide's School of Agriculture, Food and Wine.
If you've been living under a rock (of ice perhaps), you might have missed the spike in the South Australian spirit industry. Perhaps it's appropriate then, that the new 'Adelaide Gin' was created at the University of Adelaide's Waite campus….
Welcome to the Waite
This website is the online portal to the Waite Campus, the largest concentration of agricultural research and teaching expertise in the Southern Hemisphere. Established in 1924 and located at Urrbrae in Adelaide, South Australia, 'The Waite' is a co-located partnership of 15 complementary organisations and centres engaged in world-class Research and Development in plant, agricultural, food, wine and natural resources science.
In an increasingly food-insecure world with serious climate and economic challenges facing us, the vision of Peter Waite, to harness science in support of agricultural productivity, has never been more important or relevant.
The Waite is a world-renowned brand in agricultural research and education, and a leading centre of Australian research capability in wine, grains, soil and plant breeding.
The aim of this website is to bring together in one place the relevant information, including key contacts and links, from across the organisations based at the Waite Campus for our various stakeholder groups. We trust you will find it useful.
In Australia, the indigenous 'bush tucker' diet comprising witchetty grubs, honey ants, and Bogo...May 21, 4:00 pm
Presented by Dr Dimitra Capone: Characterising the distinctive flavours of Australian Cabernet Sauvi...May 23, 10:30 am
Presented by Tristan Coram, Australian Grain TechnologiesMay 30, 10:30 am


DebianLinuxTutorials
How To Install Go on Debian 9 Stretch
Install Go on Debian 9 Stretch
In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Go on Debian 9 Stretch. For those of you who didn't know, Go also known as Golang is an open-source programming language that makes it easy to build simple, reliable, and efficient software. In a nutshell, Go is an elegant language with clean and concise specifications that are readable and comprehensive. One of the major strengths of Golang is its concurrency, which means multiple processes of the Go applications can run at the same time.
This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add 'sudo' to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the step-by-step installation Go on a Debian 9 (Stretch) server.
Prerequisites
 - A server running one of the following operating systems: Debian 9 (Stretch).
 - It's recommended that you use a fresh OS install to prevent any potential issues.
 - SSH access to the server (or just open Terminal if you're on a desktop).
 - A non-root sudo user or access to the root user. We recommend acting as a non-root sudo user, however, as you can harm your system if you're not careful when acting as the root.
Install Go on Debian 9 Stretch
Step 1. Before we install any software, it's important to make sure your system is up to date by running the following apt-get commands in the terminal:
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade
Step 2. Installing Go on Debian 9.
First, go to the home directory and download Go tarball by using curl command:
cd ~ && curl -O _URL_
Now extract the downloaded tarball using the following command inside /usr/local directory:
sudo tar -C /usr/local -xzf go1.11.5.linux-amd64.tar.gz
Then, You should set PATH in order to find Go executable binaries by the system:
sudo nano ~/.profile
Add the following file:
export GOPATH=$HOME/work
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin:$GOPATH/bin
Next, save and exit the file then reload the profile running the below command:
source ~/.profile
You can confirm with the Go version installed:
### go version
go version go1.11.5 linux/amd64
Congratulations! You have successfully installed Go. Thanks for using this tutorial for installing the latest version of Golang on the Debian 9 server. For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check the official Go programming language website.
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If you don't have time to do all of this stuff, or if this is not your area of expertise, we offer a service to do "VPS Manage Service Offer", starting from $10 (Paypal payment). Please contact us to get the best deal!
r00t
r00t is a seasoned Linux system administrator with a wealth of experience in the field. Known for his contributions to idroot.us, r00t has authored numerous tutorials and guides, helping users navigate the complexities of Linux systems. His expertise spans across various Linux distributions, including Ubuntu, CentOS, and Debian. r00t's work is characterized by his ability to simplify complex concepts, making Linux more accessible to users of all skill levels. His dedication to the Linux community and his commitment to sharing knowledge makes him a respected figure in the field.
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Do elephants really never forget?
African elephants excel at memorizing facts that are key to their survival. (Image credit: Manoj Shah via Getty Images)
They say "an elephant never forgets." But how much truth is there in that expression? How good is the memory of an elephant?
Although it is not strictly speaking accurate to say that an elephant never forgets, pachyderms evolved to remember details that are key to their survival. For example, older African elephants (Loxodonta africana) can remember the unique sounds and smells of predators (even discriminate between different groups of people, depending on smell and color of clothes (opens in a new tab)), retrace their steps to find waterholes in the dry savannah, separating family members and associates from hundreds of other elephants.
"Being able to find enough food and water in a highly dynamic environment like the savanna, while managing complex social relationships and avoiding predation risk, requires a brain capable of processing and remembering detailed information." Graeme Shannon (opens in a new tab), a lecturer in zoology at Bangor University in the United Kingdom, told LiveScience in an email. "This is a critical skill that can mean the difference between life and death."
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text:
Addressing systemic discrimination in service delivery.
Substantive equality recognises that policies and practices put in place to suit the majority of clients may appear to be non-discriminatory but may not address the specific needs of certain groups of people. In effect they may be indirectly discriminatory, creating systemic discrimination.
In this section you can find:
information about the WA State Government's Substantive Equality program and how it is being implemented
resources for those participating and supporting information
EOC training for systemic discrimination
Feedback - your views are important


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How Flatirons Fuse Delivers Front-end Validation
author-avatar
Development
6 min read
front-end validation
One of the key issues facing CSV importers typically built by in-house development teams is clear validation on the front-end. Customers are often left with vague errors offering little insight into why their CSV or spreadsheet import failed.
Technical error message when importing data
The developers may have clues as to what went wrong based on reviewing logs and troubleshooting techniques, but the customer is frustrated to have to contact support to resolve issues that the user could fix themselves if the problem was clearly communicated initially. This is where validation, (front or back-end) comes in. It offers the user clear indications of where the problem is, and ideally, how to solve it.
But how do we do it?
Initializations and Hooks
Our front-end validations kick into play when you first attempt to submit the data you are attempting to migrate into the target system. Rather than simply telling you that the import failed, it will tell you any known issues that will prevent the import from working. The most basic and commonly used validation is email. If you select Email as a data type in the columns of your template, our system recognizes if the data in that field does not correspond to the standard email configuration (it recognizes if there is no @ symbol or does not end in .com). This is done via initializations and hooks. This example is included and requires no configuration on our customers' part.
Descriptive technical error message when importing data
The below hooks and initializations produce similar validations to the above, tailored to your specified requirements. As you can see, the error is easily seen and dealt with prior to upload.
Let's look at how this type of validation is done. Our system makes use of initializations and hooks. The initialization does exactly what it says – initializing your embedded data importer. It requires the organization ID, and the template ID to initialize.
const importer = new FuseImporter(organizationApiKey, templateId);
const importer = new FuseImporter(organizationApiKey, templateId);
Once initialized, functions and hooks are used to deliver the desired validation. The show function launches the importer, provided it is properly initialized.
importer.show();
importer.show();
Next, we have several basic types of hooks that can be triggered for validations.
OnValidateRecord (record)
This hook is called upon by each record (row) in a customer's CSV or spreadsheet import. In it, you can specify custom front-end validations and display error messages in the importer that the user is then able to identify and fix (This is the hook used to bring attention to email addresses in the example above). When you create a Template, each column contains an internal key. These internal keys represent the following return values:
 1. If there is no error, the expected return should be an empty value (no change necessary)
 2. If there is a validation error within the record, you can specify the error as shown below:
importer.onValidateRecord = async (record) => {
 const errors = {};

 // force emails to include gmail
 if (!record.email?.includes("gmail")) {
 errors['email'] = "Email must from gmail"
 }
 return errors;
};
importer.onValidateRecord = async (record) => {
 const errors = {};

 // force emails to include gmail
 if (!record.email?.includes("gmail")) {
 errors['email'] = "Email must from gmail"
 }
 return errors;
};
As you can guess in the example above, the validation here is looking for only Gmail email addresses. In the 'if' line, we see the condition set that the record must include Gmail. Then in the line below, we see that an error message is specified to be shown to the user: "Email must be from Gmail". By extrapolating, you can see how this would be used to validate general emails as discussed in the introduction – a couple of conditional lines to ensure that the @ symbol is present, as well as .com. The error message specified might be "You have email entries that are incorrectly formatted." This type of validation is great for conditions in which there are multiple possible options to fix the record, but when you cannot risk overwriting an outcome. For example, if as shown in the above example an email address is not a Gmail address, the system would not necessarily be correcting anything by simply overwriting the company name or other suffix used for the email. It is up to the user to determine the best course of action.
FormatRecord(record)
The formatRecord hook is used in situations where you want to save the customer some effort and format data automatically for them. For example, if you have a field called first_name, and you know that your system always requires the first_name to be capitalized, you can call on this hook to format the first letter automatically.
importer.formatRecord = (record) => {
 const newRecord = { ...record };
 // capitalize first letter in first_name
 if (typeof newRecord.first_name === "string") {
 newRecord.first_name = newRecord.first_name.charAt(0).toUpperCase()
+ newRecord.first_name.slice(1);
 }
 return newRecord;
};
importer.formatRecord = (record) => {
 const newRecord = { ...record };
 // capitalize first letter in first_name
 if (typeof newRecord.first_name === "string") {
 newRecord.first_name = newRecord.first_name.charAt(0).toUpperCase()
+ newRecord.first_name.slice(1);
 }
 return newRecord;
};
The above code states that if the type of data in the record is a string entry, and is named first_name, the character at 0 (the first character) will be changed to uppercase. This type of code can be used to capitalize letters automatically or to ensure state abbreviations are capitalized, or in any situation where a simple and always necessary format change can be applied.
Meeting Your Needs
The above hooks can be modified to fit your use case, either formatting necessary records automatically or providing front-end validations before submitting your CSV or spreadsheet to the target system. With only a few lines of code for each data transformation or validation, you can ensure that the transformation and loading portion of the ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) process is seamless for your clients. If you need help in configuring your unique requirements, we at Flatirons Fuse are here to help.
Professional CSV Import Solution
Flatirons Fuse is an enterprise-grade, embeddable CSV import solution.
Learn more
Professional CSV Import Solution
Flatirons Fuse is an enterprise-grade, embeddable CSV import solution.
Learn more
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text:
A Unicorn Made of Fairy Dust?
Updated: Jan 6
One of the aims of Anglican Futures is to provoke discussion and get people thinking.
We would love to hear your response to this series of blogs, either on our Facebook page or by commenting below.
Anglican Futures admires the work of CEEC and realises the importance of including all possibilities in working documents.
In mid-2020, the Church of England Evangelical Council (CEEC) set out what it would seek in terms of "visible differentiation" should the Church of England change its teaching and/or practice in relation to Human Sexuality, saying:
"Should it be necessary, the Council, in order of preference, seek:
A new third province for those with a liberal approach (with the existing provinces taking an orthodox approach);
A reconfiguration of the two existing provinces with Canterbury maintaining an orthodox approach for the sake of the unity of the Anglican Communion and York being the liberal province. This would mean that parishes would be in Canterbury or York dependent on their theology rather than their geography;
A new third province for those with an orthodox approach (with the existing provinces being free to move in a liberal direction)." (Visibly Different p82)
As set out in the previous blog in this series, unless the bishops and archbishops of the provinces were not in communion it is difficult to see how any of these three options could create sufficient differentiation.
That aside, however, this post explores the suggestion that the idea of a "third province" is so remote it is really no more than "A Unicorn made of Fairy Dust". In order to test that proposition, it is only fair to analyse the least controversial of the CEEC options - a new province for the orthodox.
It is possible to say that because the option has also been well-tested on a road already well-travelled.
In the Church of England
The idea of a 'third province' was first floated as a possible way of providing episcopal oversight to those who could not in conscience accept women as bishops. Both the Rochester Report and the Guildford Report, however, rejected the idea, and favoured some form of 'transferred episcopal arrangement', which did not undermine the jurisdiction of the diocesan bishop. (A relatively weak version of which was introduced by the House of Bishops' Declaration and the provision of three provincial episcopal visitors.)
The Chair of the Guildford Report explained why a 'third province' would not be appropriate,
"... the establishment of a third province within the same territory seems tantamount to a form of institutionalized schism... not least where there would be capacity and probability of the new 'province' declaring itself out of communion with its elder sister." (p47-48)
In the wider Anglican Communion
Moreover, elsewhere in the Anglican Communion we see how twin jurisdictions have been regarded by the Church of England.
In the USA there are two Anglican jurisdictions (The Episcopal Church and Anglican Church in North America (ACNA)). In Brazil the same is true (Anglican Episcopal Church of Brazil and Anglican Church of Brazil). Likewise, South Africa (the Anglican Church of South Africa and the Reformed Episcopal Anglican Church (REACH-SA)).
In each case the first-named is "recognised" by the Archbishop of Canterbury and regarded by him as part of the Anglican Communion and the second-named is not. It has been open to Justin Welby to recognise any of those entities, but he has not done so.
All this was set out by the now former Archbishop of Sydney, Right Revd Dr Glenn Davies while he was still in post.
In 2018, he made a plea that that overlapping jurisdictions should be recognised in the USA, Brazil, South Africa and New Zealand. His hope was that, "…a new Lambeth Conference must rise from the ashes of disagreement". Needless to say his well-reasoned case fell on deaf ears in Canterbury precipitating the foundation of a new extra-provincial diocese in New Zealand (the Church of Confessing Anglicans Aotearoa New Zealand (CCAANZ)) and decidedly no "new Lambeth Conference".
Rather, Justin Welby invited a few of the Bishops of the ACNA and REACH-SA to the Lambeth Conference and then only as mere "observers" - not as Anglicans, but like any other ecumenical guest. He also took the time to state falsely that the Primate of the ACNA had left the Anglican Communion. (You can find a good summary of the history here).
None of the churches concerned accept that they are not part of the Anglican Communion, nor that they need to apply to join, because whatever the Archbishop of Canterbury says, they have never left it. Indeed, Justin Welby is in a distinct minority in suggesting otherwise. The vast majority of the world's Anglicans, as represented by the Global Anglican Futures Conference (Gafcon) and the Global South Fellowship of Anglicans, recognise, without question ACNA, REACH-SA, CCAANZ and the Anglican Church of Brazil, as the members of the Anglican Communion they have always been and continue to be and are in full communion with them .
Bizarrely, in these post-colonial times, one elderly, white, straight, male, Old Etonian from Kent, who is no more than primus inter pares and, in truth heads a tiny province, feels he has the right to disagree. Even stranger is that the Archbishop of Canterbury is all too eager to state when it suits him that he is not an Anglican pope and cannot and would not exclude any church from the Communion. But strikingly that is exactly what he has done to the orthodox jurisdictions named above. Time and again he has stressed the absolute inviolability of existing ecclesial boundaries.
So where does that leave us?
Surely, it is inconceivable that Justin Welby would now embrace in his own "backyard" what he has resolutely rejected in, and for, the rest of the world? If he did do the unexpected, how could he then do other than recognise the new jurisdictions elsewhere in the world? Not least of them the proto-province which is the Anglican Network in Europe, again (in part) in his own country?
But then, if he did, might he claim such provinces have to be in Communion with Canterbury - just at the time they, and other recognised provinces, have said they might soon need to break Communion ?
To this of course has to be added that the present Archbishop of Canterbury has previously, albeit in private, rejected outright the idea of a new province.
But all that is only the start.
The CEEC proposals do not even seek to address such vexed questions as the following:
How might it finally be resolved who in the Church of England owns what?
Would the provinces share a Synod?
- if not, to what extent are they one church?
- if so, how would the small new province have meaningful representation?
Would the provinces share the same body of canon law or would the different provinces be able to develop its own corpus?
- if not, to what extent are they one church?
- if so, will there be a pick and mix approach to canonical obedience?
Would the provinces have a common Prayer Book?
Would orders, including of new ordinations by any of the three Provinces be mutually recognised?
How would the Church Commissioners' resources be allocated and would they with their, quite proper, autonomy agree?
How would diocesan assets (and liabilities) be apportioned?
Who would pay the clergy and how?
Would the new province take on responsibility for church schools in their parishes? What would happen if the school did not want to be part of the orthodox province?


Create a function triggered by Azure Queue storage
Learn how to create a function triggered when messages are submitted to an Azure Storage queue.
View message in the logs.
Prerequisites
Favorite Functions in the portal
If you haven't already done so, add Function Apps to your favorites in the Azure portal. This makes it easier to find your function apps. If you have already done this, skip to the next section.
 1. Log in to the Azure portal.
 2. Click the arrow at the bottom left to expand all services, type Functions in the Filter field, and then click the star next to Function Apps.
 Create function app in the Azure portal
 This adds the Functions icon to the menu on the left of the portal.
 3. Close the menu, then scroll down to the bottom to see the Functions icon. Click this icon to see a list of all your function apps. Click your function app to work with functions in this app.
Create an Azure Function app
 1. Click the New button found on the upper left-hand corner of the Azure portal.
 2. Click Compute > Function App. Then, use the function app settings as specified in the table.
 Create function app in the Azure portal
 Setting Suggested value Description
 App name Globally unique name Name that identifies your new function app.
 Subscription Your subscription The subscription under which this new function app will be created.
 Resource Group myResourceGroup Name for the new resource group in which to create your function app.
 Hosting plan Consumption plan Hosting plan that defines how resources are allocated to your function app. In the default Consumption Plan, resources are added dynamically as required by your functions. You only pay for the time your functions run.
 Location West Europe Choose a location near you or near other services your functions will access.
 Storage account Globally unique name Name of the new storage account used by your function app. Storage account names must be between 3 and 24 characters in length and may contain numbers and lowercase letters only. You can also use an existing account.
 3. Click Create to provision and deploy the new function app.
Function app successfully created.
Next, you create a function in the new function app.
Create a Queue triggered function
 1. Expand your function app and click the + button next to Functions. If this is the first function in your function app, select Custom function. This displays the complete set of function templates.
 Functions quickstart page in the Azure portal
 2. Select the QueueTrigger template for your desired language, and use the settings as specified in the table.
 Create the storage queue triggered function.
 Setting Suggested value Description
 Name your function Unique in your function app Name of this queue triggered function.
 Queue name myqueue-items Name of the queue to connect to in your Storage account.
 Storage account connection AzureWebJobStorage You can use the storage account connection already being used by your function app, or create a new one.
 3. Click Create to create your function.
Next, you connect to your Azure Storage account and create the myqueue-items storage queue.
Create the queue
 1. In your function, click Integrate, expand Documentation, and copy both Account name and Account key. You use these credentials to connect to the storage account in Azure Storage Explorer. If you have already connected your storage account, skip to step 4.
 Get the Storage account connection credentials.
 2. Run the Microsoft Azure Storage Explorer tool, click the connect icon on the left, choose Use a storage account name and key, and click Next.
 Run the Storage Account Explorer tool.
 3. Enter the Account name and Account key from step 1, click Next and then Connect.
 Enter the storage credentials and connect.
 4. Expand the attached storage account, right-click Queues, click Create Queue, type myqueue-items, and then press enter.
 Create a storage queue.
Now that you have a storage queue, you can test the function by adding a message to the queue.
Test the function
 1. Back in the Azure portal, browse to your function, expand the Logs at the bottom of the page, and make sure that log streaming isn't paused.
 2. In Storage Explorer, expand your storage account, Queues, and myqueue-items, then click Add message.
 Add a message to the queue.
 3. Type your "Hello World!" message in Message text and click OK.
 4. Wait for a few seconds, then go back to your function logs and verify that the new message has been read from the queue.
 View message in the logs.
 5. Back in Storage Explorer, click Refresh and verify that the message has been processed and is no longer in the queue.
Clean up resources
Other quick starts in this collection build upon this quick start. If you plan to continue on to work with subsequent quick starts or with the tutorials, do not clean up the resources created in this quick start.
If you do not plan to continue, click the Resource group for the function app in the portal, and then click Delete.
Select the resource group to delete from the function app.
Next steps
You have created a function that runs when a message is added to a storage queue.
Learn how to create functions with other kinds of triggers or how to integrate functions with other Azure services.
For more information about Queue storage triggers, see Azure Functions Storage queue bindings.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
For $$A\in C_{n\times n} \text{ define the norm of A to be } ||A||=max{|[a]_{ij}|}.$$
Prove: $$ ||A+B|| \leq ||A||+||B|| $$
I really don't know how to approach this proof.
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
up vote 4 down vote accepted
Let $C=A+B$. Then $c_{ij}=a_{ij}+b_{ij}$, so $|c_{ij}|\le|a_{ij}|+|b_{ij}|$ for each pair $i,j$ with $1\le i,j\le n$. Moreover, each $$|a_{ij}|\le\max_{1\le k,\ell\le n}|a_{k\ell}|=\|A\|\;.$$
Can you finish it from here? Use the fact that if $S$ is a set of numbers, and $x$ is a number such that $s\le x$ for every $s\in S$, then $\max S\le x$ as well.
share|improve this answer
can I then say $$|b_{ij}|\leq||B||$$ and then say $$|c_{ij}|\leq||C||$$ and since $$|c_{ij}|\leq|a_{ij}|+|b_{ij}|$$ can I conclude that $$ ||A+B||\leq||A||+||B||$$ – sarah jamal Oct 1 '12 at 9:24
_USER_: I'd say it a bit differently, but I think that you probably have the idea: each $|c_{ij}|\le|a_{ij}|+|b_{ij}|\le\|A\|+\|B\|$, so the maximum of all the $|c_{ij}|$ must be $\le\|A\|+\|B\|$. But the maximum of all the $|c_{ij}|$ is $\|A+B\|$, so $\|A+B\|\le\|A\|+\|B\|$. – Brian M. Scott Oct 1 '12 at 9:27
Your Answer


text:
Ugly food will be on the menu for a dinner commemorating a Christmas meal by Canadian soldiers during the Second World War.
The 2777 Seaforth Highlanders Royal Canadian Army Cadet Corps (RCACC) Langley, is using scrounged food to recreate the famous Ortona dinner this coming Sunday.
"However, unlike the officers who had to find and probably source the black market for supplies during that battle, we're benefitting from the generosity of DeLorme Food Services and the hard work, initiative, and generous spirit of the Fraser Valley Permaculture Guild's farm to food bank philosophy and gleaners," explained Capt. Mark Iredale.
The guild is donating imperfect or ugly vegetables that would normally go into soup stock.
Cadets at the dinner will learn how in the midst of this fierce Second World War battle the Canadian officers, determined to provide a good Christmas meal for their men, scrounged table linens, china dishes, beer, wine, roast pork, applesauce, cauliflower, mashed potatoes, gravy, chocolate, oranges, nuts, and cigarettes.
Canadian troops advancing along Italy's Adriatic coast were tasked with securing the village of Ortona, not realizing the town was considered an important German winter defence line held by Hitler's elite paratroopers. It took the mostly young Canadians eight brutal days just to fight their way into Ortona where the battle became even more deadly.
The German paratroopers had skillfully ensured their infantrymen and snipers had cover in ruined buildings from heavy artillery and easily destroyed Canadian Sherman tanks, killing many of the Three Rivers Regiment. A basement loaded with explosives was remotely detonated, claiming the lives of all but one member of the Loyal Edmonton Regiment. To survive, Canadians began "mouseholing" from building to building using demolition charges to blast through interior walls so they weren't fighting on the streets. They would then clear the enemy one room and one house at a time before repeating the process into the next house.
In the midst of this brutality, the Canadian soldiers ate their festive meal in shifts before going back into battle. An Anglican military padre named Major Roy Durnford prayed with the men and an organist played "Silent Night" while the men ate in shifts before returning to the battle. A CBC Radio journalist was present to record the event, which was reported back home. German soldiers later reported they could hear the Canadians singing the Christmas carol. Two days after Christmas the Germans withdrew and the Canadians had achieved their objective, but it cost the lives of hundreds of men.
"Part of the Army Cadet program is teaching cadets about Canadian military history," said Iredale. "The Ortona Dinner teaches them so much about the harsh realities of war, in all its complexities, by bringing the history to life with bits of history, memories of soldiers read out throughout the meal, and an empty table set in memory of fallen comrades adjacent to the head table."
The cadets will also have a chance to learn about the food guild which will have a display at the dinner.
"We really appreciate the support of local families, businesses, and groups like the Fraser Valley Permaculture Guild (FVPG) who support our cadet events like the Ortona dinner so that our fundraising dollars stretch for training for cadets. Using the ugly food from the guild is new this year, and really a great teaching moment for the cadets that relates to today as well as to Canada's military history," Iredale added.
The FVPG Farm to Food Bank initiative collected over 53,000 pounds of produce from local farms in 2015 that otherwise would have been thrown away or left to rot. That's enough to feed 29,444 people a full day's portion of fresh vegetables and fruit. The guild will have a display at the Ortona Dinner so that cadets and guests can find out how people are working to combat hunger and stop food waste.
The DeLorme family has a long established relationship with the Seaforth cadets in Surrey and Langley and Mrs. Dorothy DeLorme is fondly considered to be the mother of the local cadet corps. The DeLormes have donated the pork roasts for this year's dinner, at which they are special guests, in memory of Mrs. DeLorme's late husband John ("Jack") DeLorme, who served with the Loyal Edmonton Regiment and was one of the soldiers at Ortona during Christmas 1943.
Find out about cadets at _URL_.


Compounding effects of climate change reduce population viability of a montane amphibian
Ecological Applications
By: , and
Links
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change presents challenges and opportunities to the growth, reproduction, and survival of individuals throughout their life cycles. Demographic compensation among life‐history stages has the potential to buffer populations from decline, but alternatively, compounding negative effects can lead to accelerated population decline and extinction. In montane ecosystems of the U.S. Pacific Northwest, increasing temperatures are resulting in a transition from snow‐dominated to rain‐dominated precipitation events, reducing snowpack. For ectotherms such as amphibians, warmer winters can reduce the frequency of critical minimum temperatures and increase the length of summer growing seasons, benefiting post‐metamorphic stages, but may also increase metabolic costs during winter months, which could decrease survival. Lower snowpack levels also result in wetlands that dry sooner or more frequently in the summer, increasing larval desiccation risk. To evaluate how these challenges and opportunities compound within a species' life history, we collected demographic data on Cascades frog (Rana cascadae) in Olympic National Park in Washington state to parameterize stage‐based stochastic matrix population models under current and future (A1B, 2040s, and 2080s) environmental conditions. We estimated the proportion of reproductive effort lost each year due to drying using watershed‐specific hydrologic models, and coupled this with an analysis that relates 15 yr of R. cascadae abundance data with a suite of climate variables. We estimated the current population growth (λs) to be 0.97 (95% CI 0.84–1.13), but predict that λs will decline under continued climate warming, resulting in a 62% chance of extinction by the 2080s because of compounding negative effects on early and late life history stages. By the 2080s, our models predict that larval mortality will increase by 17% as a result of increased pond drying, and adult survival will decrease by 7% as winter length and summer precipitation continue to decrease. We find that reduced larval survival drives initial declines in the 2040s, but further declines in the 2080s are compounded by decreases in adult survival. Our results demonstrate the need to understand the potential for compounding or compensatory effects within different life history stages to exacerbate or buffer the effects of climate change on population growth rates through time.
Additional publication details
Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Compounding effects of climate change reduce population viability of a montane amphibian
Series title Ecological Applications
DOI 10.1002/eap.1832
Edition Online First
Year Published 2019
Language English
Publisher Ecological Society of America
Contributing office(s) Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center


text:
Dominion Virginia Power (previously known as Virginia Electric Power or VEPCO) is the largest investor-owned utility in Virginia. Appalachian Power is the second-largest. In the mid-1900's, they generated most of the electricity needed to supply customers using coal.
Who provides my electricity Virginia?
Most residents are served by Dominion Virginia Power. Residents in portions of Centreville and Clifton may receive electric service from the Northern Virginia Electric Cooperative.
Where does electricity in Virginia come from?
Electricity. Natural gas fueled three-fifths of the electricity generated in Virginia in 2019, and the state's two nuclear power plants supplied three-tenths. Renewable energy sources, including biomass, hydroelectric power, and solar, as well as coal and petroleum are also used to generate electricity.
Who supplies electricity to new property?
To find out who supplies the electricity to your new property, contact the local electricity distribution company. Its telephone number will be in the telephone directory under 'Electricity'. You should ask for the company's meter point administration service (MPAS).
Does Virginia have electric choice?
Historically, all the components of electric service – generation, transmission and distribution – were combined as one service. Today, the generation part – the electricity itself – is open to choice for Virginia's non-residential customers with at least a five megawatt (5 MW) load.
What area does Appalachian Power cover?
Appalachian Power (APCO) is based in Charleston, West Virginia and owns the naming rights to Appalachian Power Park in Charleston. APCO serves about one million customers in central and Southern West Virginia, the West Virginia Panhandle, Southwest Virginia and parts of Northeast Tennessee, specifically Kingsport.
What states does Dominion Energy operate in?
Dominion Energy, Inc., commonly referred to as Dominion, is an American power and energy company headquartered in Richmond, Virginia that supplies electricity in parts of Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina and supplies natural gas to parts of Utah, West Virginia, Ohio, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, South …
Where does my home electricity come from?
Most electricity is generated with steam turbines using fossil fuels, nuclear, biomass, geothermal, and solar thermal energy. Other major electricity generation technologies include gas turbines, hydro turbines, wind turbines, and solar photovoltaics.
Where does Northern VA power come from?
Today, most Northern Virginia homes get their primary heat from fuel oil, natural gas, or electricity (baseboard heaters or heat pumps).
Where does the US get its electricity?
According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, most of the nation's electricity was generated by natural gas, coal, and nuclear energy in 2019. Electricity is also produced from renewable sources such as hydropower, biomass, wind, geothermal, and solar power.
How do I find out who my electricity supplier is?
How to find your electricity supplier
- Check your last energy bill.
- Talk to the last person to take care of the bill.
- Call your electricity distribution network.
How do you set up utilities when you buy a house?
Setting up new service: To set up a new service, visit the website of your new provider. There should be information on there about how to set up utilities, but if not, call them directly. You'll need to tell them the address that you're looking to set up utilities, as well as the date that you need service to start.
How do I get gas and electricity in my new house?
How to set up gas and electric for the first time
- Find out who supplies your energy. …
- Find your gas and electricity meters. …
- Take a meter reading. …
- Find the fuse box and trip switch. …
- Find your meter number. …
- Get in touch with your new energy supplier. …
- Find out what tariff you're on. …
- Shop around for a better energy deal.


Scientists Spend 27,000 Euros to Study the Ozzy Osbourne Genome
By: Jordan M - Published: • References: &
The Ozzy Osbourne genome is the target of a 27,000-euromapping procedure, making the rocker one of the few people in history to have the process done on them.
Scientists from the US company 'Knome' have chosen the Ozzy Osbourne genome because they feel his continued survival after decades of legendary drug and alcohol abuse might shed some light on how the human body adapts to drugs, and why some people like Ozzy Osbourne are more resistant to their negative long-term effects.
If they've already chosen Ozzy Osbourne, however, it definitely can't be long until Keith Richards gets the call as well. Stats for Rockstar Genome Mapping Trending: Older & Chilly
Traction: 1,066 clicks in 242 w
Interest: 4 minutes
Concept: Ozzy Osbourne
Related: 46 examples / 35 photos
Segment: Neutral, 18-55+
Comparison Set: 17 similar articles, including: 25 dna & art fusions, 40 dna and genome finds, and dr develops enzyme that destroys aids.


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In recent years, numerous analytical and experimental researches have been performed on the prediction of thermal stresses in mass concrete structures. However, due to the difficulty of the problem, limitations still exist for both analytical and experimental methods of measuring thermal stresses in mass concrete. In this research, a new experimental device measuring thermal stresses directly in a laboratory setting is developed. The equipment is located in a temperature chamber that follows the temperature history, which has been previously obtained from temperature distribution analyses. Thermal forces are measured continuously by two load cells in the device. The results show that the thermal stresses estimated by the newly developed device agree well with general stress variations in actual structures.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Building and Construction
- General Materials Science


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The location of inelastic deformations in reinforced concrete bridge columns has been examined to simulate the nonlinear response of bridge columns and estimate the ultimate displacement capacity. In bridge columns, these nonlinear deformations generally occur over a finite hinge length. A model of hinging behavior in reinforced concrete bridge columns will help guide proportioning, detailing and drift estimates for performance-based design. Data was collected during the NEESR investigation of the seismic performance of four-span large-scale bridge systems at the University of Nevada Reno that details deformations in column hinging regions during response to strong shaking events. In order to evaluate the plastic hinging regions, a photogrammetric method was used to remotely track deformations of the concrete surface in the joint regions. The surface deformations and rotations of a reinforced concrete bridge column under dynamic loading has been examined and compared with the results obtained from traditional instruments.
This research utilized the experimental data from photogrammetry measurements of bridge column deformations to create a finite element model that realistically represents hinging behavior in a reinforced concrete bridge pier. The three dimensional finite element model of one column was defined with the cap beam on the top of the column and the footing system under the circular column using ABAQUS Finite Element software. The results of the FE model of the bridge column under dynamic loading were obtained and compared with the photogrammetric measurements as well as the data from the traditional instrumentations.
Two plastic hinge length expressions for reinforced concrete bridge columns under static and dynamic loadings have been developed by studying the available test results in the literature. Many of the previous tests were conducted using the static loading and for small-scale components. A few of the tests focused on bridge columns and dynamic loading. Expressions that have been developed to estimate the plastic hinge lengths have either been based on the maximum drift at the top of the column, or the spread of plasticity in the hinging regions. An expression to calculate the maximum drift capacity of a bridge column in double curvature has been derived by considering the deformations due to flexure as influenced by the definition of plastic hinge length (lp), and the bond-slip effect of the longitudinal reinforcement at the connections. Drift capacity of a bridge column, which corresponds to a 20% reduction in lateral load capacity on the descending branch of the response backbone curve, has been estimated using the new expression and compared with the results that were obtained from the earlier plastic hinge length expressions. The measured drift of the bridge column from the four-span large-scale bridge system test was also compared with the calculated responses from the expressions. The proposed equations provide the best estimate of plastic hinge length for reinforced concrete bridge columns.
Zeynep Firat Alemdar
Cite this work
Researchers should cite this work as follows:


How Does Fatigue Affect Your Kicking Performance?
By |2020-10-28T08:58:30-05:00October 28th, 2020|Fatigue, Kicking Performance, Lifestyle, Overuse, Soccer|
Fatigue can be considered as a contributing factor for reduced coordination and response time in soccer athletes (8, 11, 13). Generally, the negative effects of fatigue are shown in athlete's decline in muscle strength ability and shifts in coordination (8, 9, 14). These negative changes can impact an athlete's kicking performance (5) and can be costly to both the individual and their team. Several studies have suggested fatigue negatively impacts kicking ball velocity (3, 4, 8, 15). However, other studies have shown conflicting results. A 2009 study found after a simulated match play intervention, athletes showed no changes in kicking [...]


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Double Torah Portion
I enjoy attending synagogue every Shabbat morning. When it comes to the weekly Torah reading, sometimes we read two parshas. Why is that?
The Aish Rabbi Replies:
The Torah is split up into 54 portions, called parshas. The entire Torah is completed once per year, which works out to approximately one per week.
More precisely, though, there are 54 weekly portions in the Torah, but only 50 or 51 Shabbats in a year. In addition, there are at least two, and sometimes as many as 4 or 5, times when Shabbat falls on a holiday, and the normal weekly portion is not read that week. How are the calendars and the Torah reconciled?
The normal Jewish year (i.e. not a leap year) is generally 354 days long. 354 divided by 7 is 50 weeks, with a remainder of 4. In other words, there are 50 or 51 Shabbats during a normal Jewish year.
There are also certain times when the normal weekly portion is not read on Shabbat. Such instances are during Passover and Sukkot, when at least one day of the holiday happens on Shabbat, and other holidays which sometimes fall on Shabbat. Thus, there are at least two times during the year where the normal weekly portion is not read on Shabbat.
So now we're down to approximately 48 Shabbats each year when the weekly portion is read. (Actually, we only read 52 of the 54 portions on Shabbat: The first portion of the Torah, Breishis, is always read on the Shabbat immediately following Simchat Torah. The last portion is always read on Simchat Torah, even though that holiday can never fall on Shabbat.)
The way these problems get reconciled is that certain portions can be combined:
- Vayakhel (Exodus 35:1–38:20) and Pekudei (Exodus 38:21–40:38)
- Tazria (Leviticus 12:1–13:59) and Metzora (Leviticus 14:1–15:33)
- Acharei (Leviticus 16:1–18:30) and Kedoshim (Leviticus 19:1–20:27)
- Behar (Leviticus 25:1–26:2) and Bechukotai (Leviticus 26:3–27:34)
- Chukat (Numbers 19:1–22:1) and Balak (Numbers 22:2–25:9)
- Matot (Numbers 30:2–32:42) and Masei (Numbers 33:1–36:13)
- Nitzavim (Deuteronomy 29:9–30:20) and Vayelech (Deuteronomy 31:1–31:30).
Some of these seven pairs of portions are combined each year to reconcile the number of Shabbat readings with the need to complete the annual Torah cycle.
During a Jewish leap year, an extra 30-day month is added to the year in the winter. This allows for at least four more weeks in the year, meaning that there is still a need to combine portions, but not as many as in a regular year.
Thankfully, all this is determined by a pre-set calendar, so there is no guesswork involved. If you're interested to see how this plays out over many years, you can download user-friendly Jewish calendar software at _URL_


Oak Pokémon Wiki
Ptropa is the unevolved forme of Tropius. (found here, made by 'lydario' on DeviantArt)
Tropic Prevo.png
Breeding Information: 'When Tropius breeds while holding the "Fertile Seed" it produces not an egg, but a larger fruit on its neck, in place of the bundle of smaller ones. It then falls off, and grows into a Ptropa'
Specie: Fruit Pokémon
Type: Grass/Flying
Height: N/A
Weight: N/A
Pre-Evolution: N/A
Evolution: Tropius
Requirements for Evolution: N/A
Area, Region: Hoenn?


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Main distinction – Lactic mountain vs alcohol addict Fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation and also alcoholic fermentation are two types of anaerobic respiration methods. Therefore, both lactic acid and also alcoholic fermentation execute not require oxygen. The main difference in between lactic acid and also alcoholic fermentation is that lactic acid fermentation produces lactic mountain molecules native pyruvate whereas alcoholic fermentation produces ethyl alcohol and also carbon dioxide. Alcohol addict fermentation the yeast is supplied in the food sector to produce wine and beer. Lactic mountain fermentation wake up in the muscle cells once they room run out of oxygen.
You are watching: What is the difference between lactic acid fermentation and alcohol fermentation?
Key areas Covered
1. What is Lactic acid Fermentation – Definition, Mechanism, Importance 2. What is alcoholic Fermentation – Definition, Mechanism, Importance 3. What space the Similarities in between Lactic Acid and also Alcoholic Fermentation – rundown of common Features 4. What is the Difference in between Lactic Acid and Alcoholic Fermentation – to compare of crucial Differences
Key Terms: alcoholic Fermentation, Anaerobic Respiration, Carbon Dioxide, Cytosol, Glucose, Heterolactic Fermentation, Homolactic Fermentation, Lactic mountain Fermentation, Pyruvate
What is Lactic mountain Fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation refers to a metabolic procedure by i beg your pardon glucose is converted right into the metabolite: lactate and also cellular energy. Generally, lactic acid fermentation is lugged out by bacteria such together Lactobacillus and yeast. It occurs in two significant steps: glycolysis and also fermentation. Both glycolysis and lactic acid fermentation take place in the cytosol. Glycolysis is the an initial step that both lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation. Throughout glycolysis, hexose sugars are damaged down right into two pyruvate molecules. Pyruvate is written of 3 carbon molecules. 2 NADH molecules and also four ATP molecule are developed by this process. Because two ATP molecules space consumed by the process itself, the net yield the ATP is two in the fermentation. The process of lactic acid fermentation is presented in figure 1.
Figure 1: Lactic mountain Fermentation
Two species of lactic mountain fermentations can happen in the cytosol. They room homolactic fermentation and also heterolactic fermentation.
In homolactic fermentation, two lactic mountain molecules are produced by the action of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. The chemistry reaction for homolactic fermentation is presented below.
C6H12O6 → 2 CH3CHOHCOOH
In heterolactic fermentation, lactic acid, ethanol, and also carbon dioxide are produced with the assist of both lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate decarboxylase enzymes. The chemical reaction of heterolactic fermentation is shown below.
C6H12O6 → CH3CHOHCOOH + C2H5OH + CO2
Muscle cells commonly undergo aerobic respiration in the visibility of oxygen. But when the oxygen it is provided is poor, they undergo lactic mountain fermentation. This may occur due to extreme exercising or major straining. Muscle cells undergo lactic mountain fermentation to fulfill quicker energy requirements. The production of lactic mountain in muscle may cause cramps or stiffness in muscles. The framework of a lactic mountain molecule is displayed in figure 2.
Figure 2: Lactic Acid
Lactic mountain fermentation has a wide range of applications in the food industry. Lactobacillus spps are provided in the manufacturing of yogurt, cheese, sauerkraut, kefir, and imparting a cake taste come food.
What is alcohol addict Fermentation
Alcoholic fermentation refers to a metabolic process by i beg your pardon glucose is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide. The is mainly lugged out by yeast and also some various other bacteria. Alcoholic fermentation additionally occurs in the cytosol in the absence of oxygen. The two pyruvate molecules produced in the glycolysis room converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide. The fate that the pyruvate in the alcoholic fermentation is presented in figure 3.
Figure 3: alcoholic Fermentation
The switch of pyruvate right into ethanol and carbon dioxide wake up in 2 steps. The first reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate decarboxylase when the second reaction is catalyzed by the alcohol dehydrogenase. The network ATP manufacturing is very same in both lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation together the second reaction the both processes perform not productivity ATP. The 2 NADH molecules developed by glycolysis are provided in the 2nd step in both lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation. Alcoholic fermentation is supplied the bread baking. The carbon dioxide created by alcohol addict fermentation cause the bread come rise. Alcoholic fermentation is also used in the manufacturing of alcoholic beverages such together wine, beer, whiskey, vodka, and rum.
Similarities between Lactic Acid and also Alcoholic FermentationLactic acid and also alcoholic fermentation space two species of anaerobic respiration mechanisms.Both lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation room catabolic processes.Both lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation do not call for oxygen.Both lactic acid and also alcoholic fermentation occur in the cytosol.Both lactic acid and also alcoholic fermentation malfunction glucose molecules right into two pyruvate molecules.Both lactic acid and also alcoholic fermentation occur in two steps: the very first step the both lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation is glycolysis.Both lactic acid and also alcoholic fermentation create heat.Both lactic acid and also alcoholic fermentation create four molecules of ATP.The network ATP gain is 2 in both lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation.The two NADH molecules created in the glycolysis are offered in the second step that both lactic acid and also alcoholic fermentation.Both lactic acid and also alcoholic fermentation are less efficient in the production of ATP when contrasted to aerobic respiration.
Difference between Lactic Acid and also Alcoholic Fermentation
Lactic mountain Fermentation: Lactic mountain fermentation refers to a metabolic process by i beg your pardon glucose is converted into the metabolite: lactate and also cellular energy.
Alcoholic Fermentation: Alcoholic fermentation describes a metabolic procedure by i beg your pardon glucose is converted into ethanol and also carbon dioxide.
Lactic acid Fermentation: Lactic acid fermentation occurs in Lactobacillus spps, yeast, and also muscle cells.
Alcoholic Fermentation: Alcoholic fermentation occurs in yeast and other microorganisms.
Lactic acid Fermentation: Lactic mountain fermentation to produce lactic mountain molecules native the pyruvate.
Alcoholic Fermentation: Alcoholic fermentation to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide indigenous the pyruvate molecule.
Lactic mountain Fermentation: Lactate dehydrogenase and also pyruvate decarboxylase room the two enzymes involved in the lactic mountain fermentation.
Alcoholic Fermentation: Pyruvate decarboxylase and also alcohol dehydrogenase room the two enzymes involved in the alcoholic fermentation.
In the Food Industry
Lactic mountain Fermentation: Lactic acid fermentation is provided in the production of yogurt and cheese.
Alcoholic Fermentation: Alcoholic fermentation is used in the production of bread, beer, wine, and also vinegar.
Lactic acid and also alcoholic fermentation room two mechanisms involved in the respiration in the absence of oxygen. Both varieties of fermentation take place in the cytosol. Glycolysis is the very first step that both lactic acid and also alcoholic fermentation, which produced pyruvate. Lactic mountain fermentation produce lactic mountain molecules native pyruvate when alcoholic fermentation produce ethanol and also carbon dioxide native pyruvate. The key difference in between lactic acid and alcohol fermentation is the commodities of each fermentation.
See more: Difference Between &Quot;+R&Quot; And &Quot;-R&Quot;, Coronavirus Disease (Covid
1. "Lactic acid Fermentation." BiologyWise, obtainable here.2. "Glycolysis and also Alcoholic Fermentation." The academy for development Research, accessible here.Image Courtesy:
1. "Figure 07 05 02" by CNX OpenStax – (CC through 4.0) via Commons Wikimedia2. "Lactic-acid-skeletal" by NEUROtiker – Own work (Public Domain) via Commons Wikimedia3. "Pyruvate decarb 1" by Cwernert at en.wikipedia – moved from en.wikipedia come Commons through Ronhjones. (CC BY-SA 3.0) via Commons Wikimedia


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Bringing the Community together
Gt Barton Parish Council and Gt Barton Primary Academy have been working together on a project to commemorate 100 years since the end of World War 1.
The children each made a poppy to create a trail from the school to the Church:
Poppies were also used to cover '100' signs which were displayed with a seated 'There but not There' Tommie statue supplied by the Armed Forces Covenant Fund Trust. These were created to represent every single name from the 888,246 British and Common wealth Fallen of the First World War.
Badger and Hare classes from the School walked to the Church as an Act of Remembrance.
Click here for more details and pictures of the event.


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NLT Kids Slimline Bible, Matthew 7:8 Wisdom, Leatherlike
The new Kids Slimline Bibles in the New Living Translation were designed for kids ages 8-12. The presentation page, and cover create an overall theme.
The New Living Translation is an authoritative Bible translation, rendered faithfully into today's English from the ancient texts by 90 leading Bible scholars. The NLT's scholarship and clarity breathe life into even the most difficult-to-understand Bible passages—but even more powerful are stories of how people's lives are changing as the words speak directly to their hearts. That's why we call it "The Truth Made Clear."
- 53-page dictionary/concordance helping kids locate passages on various topics
- 8 pages of full-color maps
- Words of Jesus in red
- Ribbon marker
- 8-point text size
- 8.00" x 5.75"


Teacher De-Registered: 10 Questions for the Education Bureau Misleading, Framing, and Political Murder
A teacher at the Alliance Primary School in Kowloon Tong was accused of disseminating pro-independence messages and consequently de-registered for 'serious professional misconduct', which means the teacher is banned from entering school campuses for life. The principal and vice-principal of the school were reprimanded by the Education Bureau for mismanagement, while teachers who used the same teaching materials received warning letters.
In March last year, the involved teacher designed lesson plans and worksheets for Life Education for primary five and six students to discuss freedom of speech. Students were to watch RTHK programme 'Hong Kong Connection' and give answers on why Hong Kong independence was advocated and what freedom of speech was on the worksheets. Half a year later in September, pro-establishment newspapers published the worksheets and smeared the teacher for advocating Hong Kong Independence. The Education Bureau received anonymous complaints from 'parents' and sent staff to gain an understanding of the events. In March this year, the Bureau requested the school management committee to submit an investigation report. The internal investigation report concluded that the teacher was not guilty, but the Bureau overruled the report and disciplined the teacher with extreme punishments.
In the Bureau's press conference on 6th October, the teacher was depicted as a most vicious 'bad apple'. The Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union (HKPTU) has been following the case to gain a deep understanding of the situation and holds that the Bureau's arguments are ridiculous and the procedure was outright 'black box' operation. HKPTU fully supports the teacher in appealing against the decision. Summarising all the doubts and fallacies, HKPTU poses the following ten questions to the Bureau:
Question 1: What is the intention of the complaints?
The only two relevant lessons were delivered in March 2019 and no enquiries or complaints had been received. The anonymous complaint from a 'parent' was filed six months later in September 2019. At this point, the primary six students the lessons were delivered to had already graduated. Why did the Bureau not question the complaint about its intention – was the complaint filed out of genuine concern or political motives?
Question 2: Why was teaching motive judged solely based on lesson plans?
The teacher was only responsible for creating the lesson plans and did not deliver the lessons himself. All education professionals are aware that lesson plans serve as reference only for lesson planning only. Teachers understand the background from the lesson plans and rarely stick strictly to the lesson plans in class. The Bureau did not conduct any on-site observation and concluded their accusation solely based on the content in the lesson plans. Is that a professional investigation?
Question 3: Why are other 'advanced' issues deemed appropriate?
The Bureau said that the teacher overestimated students' comprehension skills, but the students of this primary school seem to exhibit more advanced skills than their peers. Life Education teaching materials for the previous classes include topics about the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant as well as North Korea, which are not deemed inappropriate by the Bureau. Is that a double standard?
Question 4: Is the Bureau hiding the truth?
The Bureau paid a unannounced visit to the school (without saying that it's an investigation), the officials interviewed a sample of students, who unanimously said the topic of the class was freedom of speech, the teacher did not advocate Hong Kong Independence, and that they personally did not support Hong Kong Independence. Why did the Bureau never disclose this information?
Question 5: Was procedural justice observed?
In the press conference on 6th October, the Bureau brought up some 'accusations' for the first time, including the Bureau's dissatisfaction of the time planning in the lesson plans and the request for students to show their views by raising hand. Why were these accusations not mentioned in the letters issued to the teacher beforehand, so that the teacher can explain and defend himself?
Question 6: Is taking an isolated example for teaching a wrong judgement?
In the press conference, the official accused the teacher of spending 50 minutes in the lesson to account for the objectives of the Hong Kong National Party, 35 minutes to discuss topics about the division of the country such as Tibet independence and Taiwan independence. Did the Bureau gain an understanding of whether the time planning was practised in class? The Bureau regarded an isolated example as the focus of teaching. Is that a wrong judgement or is it a mere act of planting the evidence?
Question 7: This was only one lesson – how could the teacher have had a 'premeditated plan' to promote independence?
The official said the teacher had a 'premeditated plan' to promote Hong Kong independence, but video watching consisted half of the two-hour lesson. The complete video was played and students were asked to work on their worksheets afterwards. In such limited time and in one lesson, how could the teacher have had a 'premeditated plan' to promote independence?
Question 8: Is the Bureau misleading the public?
The official said there was no room for students to express their opinions and could only memorise and write the video content, so the teacher was imposing relevant thoughts and concepts on the students. Yet, in the video played in class, guests from both proand againststances were interviewed. For example, Senior Counsel Ronny Tong Ka-wah said, 'Freedom of speech never extends to harm national security'. Why did the Bureau not mention in the press conference that the teaching content also included these anti-independence standpoints?
Question 9: Is it an abuse of power?
The bureau said the teacher was offered two opportunities for written arguments, but the teacher requested to meet in person to clearly respond to the accusations. Why did the Bureau decline such a request? Is it not an abuse of power to decide on such extreme disciplines without a meeting?
Question 10: Do teachers' basic human rights still matter?
After the incident, some requested the school sponsoring body, the school, and parents to disclose information of the involved teacher in spite of privacy protection regulations and rights, but the Bureau did not show any objections to such threats to the education sector. Will the Bureau protect teachers' basic human rights?
If the Bureau fails to respond to the above questions and proceeds with disciplining the involved teacher with such extreme punishments, the Bureau admits to not fulfilling its duty, framing the involved teacher, power abuse, and threatening. HKPTU will hold the Bureau accountable.


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need to parse all 101 pages again. You just need to count the words on the last page and add that to the previous total.*
Having an identity element is not always required. Having a closed, associative operation (i.e. a semigroup) is sufficient to do many useful things.
But in some cases, it is not enough. For example, here are some cases that might crop up:
- How can I use
reduceon an empty list?
- If I am designing a divide and conquer algorithm, what should I do if one of the "divide" steps has nothing in it?
- When using an incremental algorithm, what value should I start with when I have no data?
In all cases we need a "zero" value. This allows us to say, for example, that the sum of an empty list is
Regarding the first point above, if we are concerned that the list might be empty, then we must replace
fold, which allows an initial value to be passed in.
fold can be used for more things than just monoid operations.)
fold in action:
// ok [1..10] |> List.reduce (+) // error |> List.reduce (+) // ok with explicit zero [1..10] |> List.fold (+) 0 // ok with explicit zero |> List.fold (+) 0
Using a "zero" can result in counter-intuitive results sometimes. For example, what is the product of an empty list of integers?
The answer is
0 as you might expect! Here's the code to prove it:
[1..4] |> List.fold (*) 1 // result is 24 |> List.fold (*) 1 // result is 1
To sum up, a monoid is basically a way to describe an aggregation pattern – we have a list of things, we have some way of combining them, and we get a single aggregated object back at the end.
Or in F# terms:
Monoid Aggregation : 'T list -> 'T
So when you are designing code, and you start using terms like "sum", "product", "composition", or "concatenation", these are clues that you are dealing with a monoid.
Now that we understand what a monoid is, let's see how they can be used in practice.
In the next post in this series, we'll look at how you might write real code that implements the monoid "pattern".


Saving layouts
You can save your Monitoring task layouts in an areas view that everyone can access.
What you should know
When you save a Monitoring task as a layout, the tile pattern, and the entities displayed in each tile (tile content) are saved. The monitoring state (event and alarm monitoring) of the tiles, and the video mode of the cameras (live or playback) are not saved with the layout.
NOTE: The Save as layout menu item is only available in a Monitoring task.
The benefits of saving a Monitoring task layout are as follows:
 - You can quickly change the monitored entities (cameras, doors, and so on) without leaving the Monitoring task.
 - You can share layouts with other users who have access to the area view where the layout was saved.
To save a Monitoring task as a layout:
 1. In the Monitoring task, right-click the task tab and click Save as layout.
 NOTE: Only users with the required access rights to the area can view or modify this layout.
 2. In the Save as layout dialog box, use the drop-down menu to select the area where you want to save the layout.
 3. Enter a Name for the layout.
 Example: If you are currently monitoring your parking lot cameras, you can save your Monitoring task as a layout with the name Parking lot - Monitoring layout.
 4. (Optional) Enter a Logical ID.
 5. Click Save.
After you finish