text:
Look around a bit, and you will find lots of information and ideas about when and how to use imagery for row crop management on the Internet. Whole books have been written about this subject, and lots of papers have been published. And, every imagery company has information available. Unfortunately, much of the Internet information is misleading or simply wrong.
In this article, we'll go back to the drawing board and try to unravel some of the complexity by looking at how imagery has gotten to this point, where we are today, and what areas imagery will most likely fit in row crop management systems.
A Bit of History
Imagery in agriculture can be traced back to the Depression Era and the use of aerial photography in general. The earliest kinds of aerial photography were black-and-white photos taken of most agricultural areas from an aircraft using a mapping camera with panchromatic film. This kind of imagery began in the 1930s with the Soil Conservation Service. Pan imagery was useful to photo interpreters who looked for patterns, tones, shapes, sizes, textures, shadows, and other features in the pictures in association with other mapped information such as terrain maps. In fact, stereo photos were processed to produce such elevation and terrain maps.
These pan photos were most useful when the soils were exposed (no or little vegetation cover) and when the field was relatively dry at the surface. Based on what photo interpreters saw, lines were drawn to identify homogenous areas called soil management zones. With such soil zone maps, farmers then would decide what inputs should be applied to each zone.
MORE BY DR. JACK PARIS
In the 1940s, aerial color photography became available. These photos were really just an extension of what you see with your own eyes … but from a bird's perspective. Then, features such as soil color became something that helped define the soil management zones better as they might change over time or from year to year.
If vegetation had emerged in a field of interest, then plant colors would show where the plants were healthy and where stress was occurring. Stressed plants might be more yellow than the normal green color. One might even see areas that are diseased.
Usually, all of these pan or color aerial photos came with map coordinates or clear references to features such as row numbers, so that you could walk out to a place where something unusual was seen in the aerial photo.
After World War II, a special kind of aerial photography was available to replace or supplement ordinary color photography. This was called false-color camouflage photography. Today, this kind of imagery is called color infrared imagery. The term "false" was used to indicate that the colors that you see in a color infrared photo are not the same as the "true" colors that you see in a natural color photo.
Starting with Landsat 1 in 1972, satellite-based imagery became available as digital images that have data that can be processed by software on a computer. In the beginning, these images were crude, featuring just four bands (green light, red light, red edge, and near infrared) with large pixels about 260 feet across for each pixel. And, the precision of the brightness scale was very limited — at most, 64 shades of gray. Nevertheless, this lead to a number of spectral indicator (index) formulas being used to combine digital imagery in two or more spectral bands.
One of the most popular and often abused kinds of indicator maps is NDVI. NDVI stands for Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. NDVI values are made from only two bands … red light and near infrared. If done correctly, an NDVI map will have numbers from -1 to +1. However, for soils and vegetation, the NDVI numbers are all positive … say from 0.1 to 0.9 or up to 1.0. These numbers then are represented on a map by colorization, using a rainbow of colors. But they really are just numbers. The colors in NDVI imagery can lead you to believe that something is wrong (a red color for low NDVI values) when there is nothing wrong at all.
Now there are several kinds of NDVI-like spectral index formulas and maps that you can get from your image vendor. Some are better at handing the issues associated with real NDVI maps, such as soil noise or the lack of sensitivity at the top of the NDVI scale. Some prefer to use green light instead of red light for making an NDVI map called a "Green NDVI" map.
Some now like to use red edge instead of red light to make an NDRE map (NDVI based on red edge and near infrared). The NDRE maps are often called a chlorophyll map, but this is really just another kind of overall vigor and plant density map.
In the early days, Landsat 1 was the only global operational digital four-band camera, and you could only get an updated image every 18 days — even less often if it was cloudy on that revisit day. Later, more Landsat satellites were put into operation so the revisit interval got better — today, that's perhaps every eight days. Landsat resolution also improved.
Then, a whole host of commercial (not free like Landsat) Earth observation satellites came into operation. This created much better revisit opportunities. Also, the number of bands increased and the radiometric precision got better. Starting in 2016, free imagery from the European Space Agency's Sentinel 2A system began its regular operations. This provided for revisits that are as often as every 10 days. With Sentinel 2B now in operation, the revisits are as short as every 5 days and even every 2 to 3 days if you happen to be in the overlap between orbits.
The launch of Sentinel two years ago delivered four bands that show 33-feet details … blue light, green light, red light, and near infrared solar radiation, which is the number of bands necessary to produce any of the usual spectral indicators such as NDVI, Green NDVI, NDRE, and others that are better for handling soil noise and saturation issues.
The Fit For Row Crops
Row crops, usually annual crops, require yearly planning and decisions on seed selection, field preparation, planting, irrigation (in some regions), management during early stages of growth, management during reproductive stages of growth, preparing for harvest, harvesting, and post-season preparations for the next year or cycle. This all involves lots of time in the field — boots on the ground — with tractors, implements, and equipment for each phase of the farming cycle.
All of these management activities are best done by having good and frequent information about the soils that are in the field of interest — hence why one of the most common uses of imagery is for soil mapping and defining soil zones.
Service providers and growers also want to know about how the crop is doing throughout the growing season. A lot of this information can be gathered by using direct sampling methods – taking soil and plant samples, and using in field sensors such as the Greenseeker for leaf and yield (harvester) information. In-field photos might already be a part of what you do when you go into the field. Imagery can be an integral part of scouting throughout the season.
With a new image being taken every few days, you can now watch your crop emerge, grow (in terms of NDVI-like "vigor" values), and mature as you approach harvest. And, the better spatial resolution of these data let you see small management units that need attention at that scale of precision farming. You might even see that some parts of an otherwise healthy crop are lagging behind or turning more yellow. We use these frequent revisits of great satellite data to map both vigor (a combination of biomass density, a.k.a., leaf area index, and leaf health) and leaf health (pigmentation) as a "second option." Using two spectral index maps instead of just one can reveal spatial patterns that are not seen in one or the other.
The image above provides an example of both a vegetation vigor index map and a pigmentation map for a set of fields in California.
If the vigor and pigmentation values are calibrated, then plots of these values for any field or place in a field will be useful for making maps of plant events or conditions such as emergence date (germination success), growth rates during vegetative growth stages, and changes during reproductive stages leading to being harvest ready. And, spatial patterns can indicate places of stress that you need to visit to determine what's wrong and what needs to be done to fix the problem (if you can).
Solutions Coming to Every Field
Many satellite-based commercial companies too numerous to name are putting up relatively cheap satellites with multispectral cameras — even hyperspectral and/or thermal cameras — that will revisit at least every day and perhaps several times per day. This will make more reliable the notion that you can monitor the emergence, growth, and development of a crop of interest in a field of interest as often as every day, as often as every week for areas that are prone to be cloudy.
Such frequent revisits will also allow for better calibration of the data that so that change features can be derived from the time series of various spectral indices taken from the imagery. And, the spatial resolution of the imagery will be as good as 3 feet even for the various bands of blue light, green light, and red light — and perhaps red edge radiation and near infrared as well.
In the coming years, as we see the shift to the digital farm, data derived from imagery will persist in the overall farm management planning regimen. And the technology will be advancing, the prospects of what imagery analytics will yield in the future are exciting


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|Title||Dog-human behavioral synchronization: family dogs synchronize their behavior with child family members.|
|Publication Type||Journal Article|
|Year of Publication||2021|
|Authors||Wanser, SH, Macdonald, M, Udell, MAR|
Research on dog social cognition has received widespread attention. However, the vast majority of this research has focused on dogs' relationships and responsiveness towards adult humans. While little research has considered dog-child interactions from a cognitive perspective, how dogs perceive and socially engage with children is critical to fully understand their interspecific social cognition. In several recent studies, dogs have been shown to exhibit behavioral synchrony, often associated with increased affiliation and social responsiveness, with their adult owners. In the current study, we asked if family dogs would also exhibit behavioral synchrony with child family members. Our findings demonstrated that dogs engaged in all three measured components of behavioral synchrony with their child partner-activity synchrony (p < 0.0001), proximity (p < 0.0001), and orientation (p = 0.0026)-at levels greater than would be expected by chance. The finding that family dogs synchronize their behavior with that of child family members may shed light on how dogs perceive familiar children. Aspects of pet dog responsiveness to human actions previously reported in studies with adult humans appear to generalize to cohabitant children in at least some cases. However, some differences between our study outcomes and those reported in the dog-adult human literature were also observed. Given the prevalence of families with both children and dogs, and the growing popularity of child-focused animal-assisted interventions, knowledge about how dogs respond to the behavior of human children may also help inform and improve safe and successful dog-child interactions.
|Alternate Journal||Anim Cogn|
|Grant List||R21HD091895 / / Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development / |
HAB18-027 / / Human Animal Bond Research Institute /

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Primary Advisor/Dissertation Chair
Secondary Advisor/Reader One
The purpose of this research study was to answer the research question: How does integrating STEMthemed environmental investigations in the middle school classroom impact environmental literacy? In order to understand the various aspects of this research question, a literature review was conducted for the topics of middle school learners, STEM learning and environmental literacy. The study utilized a mixed methods approach and 131, 7th grade students participated in the study; students took the Middle School Environmental Literacy Survey (MSELS) as a pretest and posttest. Between these surveys, students participated in four learning investigations that applied STEM learning, environmental problems, inquirybased and projectbased learning strategies. The four week study period illustrated that students enjoyed learning about environmental problems using the learning strategies, including STEM, inquiry and projectbased learning, and the study's MSELS scores compared well to national data trends for environmental literacy. Middle school students in this study, outscored national 6th and 8th graders, and scored comparatively well to national 7th grade students that participate in exemplary schoolwide environmental education programs. Furthermore, 7th graders in this study scored high in the area of Cognitive Skills which included issue identification, issue analysis and action planning which could be contributed to their participation in an integrated STEM program at the study's school. In addition, MSELS scores highlighted the disconnect between students' knowledge about the environment, their intention to act positively towards the environment, and their actual, measured followthrough on these positive behaviors. Major findings from this study included the importance of having some sort of statewide measurement for the environmental literacy benchmarks that are already in place for this target audience, and the general positiveness towards learning using the environment, STEM, inquiry and projectbased learning.
Action Research, Interview, Observation, Survey
Heitkamp, Megan Alece, "The Impacts Of Classroom Stem¬-Themed Environmental Investigations On Middle School Environmental Literacy" (2016). School of Education Student Capstone Theses and Dissertations. 4225.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Easter Egg Crafts for the Kids
Bring out the paint, dyes and glitter…the kids will love this one!
With little helpers looking for new craft ideas, decorated eggshells are sure to be a popular choice these school holidays.
While you are able to dye and decorate the shells of hard-boiled eggs, these instructions step through the process of emptying the contents of a raw egg so you can decorate the empty shell. How eggs-actly? We'll show you how to blow out the contents (reserving the raw egg for your next round of baking, or scrambled eggs) and leave the hard shell in tact, ready for painting!
How to Blow Out Eggs:
 1. Stick a small piece of clear or masking tape over each end of a raw egg. While this isn't an essential step in the process (you may find some success without using tape) it will help prevent the eggshell from cracking more than intended. To keep the egg stable you may wish to nestle it in a container with a paper towel.
 2. Poke a small hole through the top of the egg. Using a small nail, thumbtack or needle, pierce a small hole through the taped end of the egg, right on the end. Twist or rotate so the hole widens slightly. Turn the egg upside down, use the same technique and pierce a slightly larger hole in the other end. This larger hole is where the yolk will come out.
 3. Break the yolk. In the holes created, slide a needle/toothpick or straightened paperclip and wiggle it gently to break up the yolk. Move it around as if you were stirring it up, but not too forcefully otherwise you may crack the egg shell.
 4. Blow through the small hole at the top. This will blow air into the egg resulting in the yolk being pushed out of the bottom, larger hole. Be sure to hold the egg over a container to catch the contents so you can save it for your breakfast! If you find it difficult to blow the egg content through the hole, try making the bottom hole slightly bigger. If you don't wish to press your lips to the egg shell directly to blow, try using a short piece of straw over the hole first.
 5. Rinse the empty shells and allow them to dry. Hold the egg with the top hole towards a running tap so the water runs through the inside of the shell and out the other side. This helps remove any extra pieces of yolk that may still be inside. If you wish to sanitise the eggs while you rinse, add a bit of soap or vinegar to the water. Set the eggs on a paper towel to dry thoroughly before painting or dying (as otherwise the colours may run).
 6. Decorate! Paint, glue, dye, draw….have lots of fun.
Here are some Decorated Eggs for inspiration:
And for breakfast afterwards!
Scrambled Eggs


I have read Mimblewimble paper.
Certainly, Transaction merging process is non-interactive.
However, Transaction creation process seems to be not non-interactive.
To create transaction, a sender must interact a receiver because a sender shouldn't know all output's blinding factor(except change). If a sender knows output's blinding factor, he can spend output.
Is my understanding of this correct?
It is possible to create MW transactions interactively, and if you're creating multisignature outputs I think this is actually necessary. But ordinary transactions can be created non-interactively (well, with half a round of interaction, as in Bitcoin where one party sends an address to another party who builds a transaction) in two ways:
Suppose the sender is trying to send 5BTC to the receiver.
 1. The sender can create a transaction that doesn't balance unless a 5BTC output is added. Aside from this discrepancy the transaction is valid; she sends this to the recipient. The recipient then adds a 5BTC output, adds another kernel to the transaction so that the blinding factors still add up, and the transaction is complete.
 2. The sender acts as above, but sends the opening of the kernel. This is a bit dangerous because it gives the sender the ability to reverse the transaction long after the fact, but I'm unsure what sort of attack this would enable.
Note that both cases require a secure channel from the sender to the receiver because anyone who gets the incomplete transaction could add their own 5BTC output to it.
It's also possible to do this in reverse: the recipient sends the sender an incomplete transaction that needs a 5 BTC input to balance, and the same considerations apply.
 - Does the kernel means excess value? and What is opening? – chikyukotei Feb 3 '17 at 6:32
 - 2
 Kernel is the more generic term for excess value. Opening means being able to spend. – Pieter Wuille Feb 4 '17 at 5:04
 - Could some form of DH be used for the secure channel and passive receiving? Like, I publish some pubkey (A=a*G) of mine, you generate some random one-time private key (R=r*G), and publish the (R, H(r*A), unbalanced transaction encrypted with H(r*A)) to the blockchain. I can claim this TX at any time (unless you double-spend?), after which it could be purged from the blockchain. – JollyMort Oct 14 '17 at 17:38
 - There is a fundamental flaw in (1), the transaction which consists of 2 parts, whose the blinding factors are balanced, whereas the sum is not. So there are donor and acceptor parts. The attacker (malicious Node) may brute-force the sum that you're trying to send, and eventually puzzle out its structure. And then it just removes the intended acceptor part, and substitutes its own. – valdo Aug 30 '18 at 23:19
Your Answer


text:
Practice using a Paper Cone
Teaching Session 1 - 2 - 3 - 4
The illustrations below show more sophisticated patterns made with
the contact method Beginners should first practice the falling
method before proceeding to more complicated designs. The contact
method is used when you want to vary the thickness of the lines.
Hold the cone as you would hold a pen, with the tip in contact with the surface and at an
angle of about 30 to 45 degrees. Draw lines as though you were drawing on paper with a
pen. Control the thickness of the line by adjusting the pressure of your thumb. Squeezing
harder makes a thicker line.
Introduction | I'm done, lets look at some cake motives
Buy the book: Prestige Des Grands Chefs | Professional
Copyright © PastryWiz TM

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Short Answer Questions Key
1. Sacks sees himself as having what kind of personality?
2. Sacks sees his patients as:
3. What does Sacks call his chapters?
4. What does Sacks compare his tales to?
5. Sacks finds his patients:
6. Sacks is a:
7. Sacks' book is different from a college textbook in that it:
Has a friendlier style
8. If Sacks called his chapters'studies' what would that mean about his attitude?
He is detached from his patients.
9. Sacks' patients are typically:
10. Sacks thinks of his patients as:
This section contains 4,078 words
(approx. 14 pages at 300 words per page)


Adding data to the table
You can add a table component to the dashboard by creating an intance of the TableComponent class in your dashboard code.
$table = new TableComponent ();
$table->setCaption ("Regional Sales");
$table->setDimensions(4, 4);
// Configure the table
$this->addComponent($table);
Add data to the table
For adding the data, there are two steps:
 1. Add one or more column definitions to the table.
 2. Add rows of data to the table.
Adding columns
To add columns to the table, you can use the addColumn function. The first parameter to the addColumn function is a unique string key for the column.
$table->addColumn ('storeName', "Store Name");
$table->addColumn ('salesAmount', "Sales");
Adding rows
Let's say a table has 3 columns like this:
$table = new TableComponent ("table1");
$table->addColumn ('zone', "Store Zone Name");
$table->addColumn ('name', "Store Name");
$table->addColumn ('sale', "Sales amount");
You can add a row by passing a JavaScript object like this:
$table->addRow (array("zone" => "North", "name" => "Northern Stores", "saleAmount" => 5000));
Add multiple rows at once
$data = array(
 array("zoneName" => "North", "name" => "Northern Stores", "sale" => 4000),
 array("zoneName" => "South", "name" => "Southern Stores", "sale" => 4500)
);
$table->addMultipleRows ($data);
<?php
class SampleDashboard extends StandaloneDashboard { public function buildDashboard () { $table = new TableComponent('table1'); $table->setCaption("Regional Sales"); $table->setDimensions (4, 4); $table->setRowsPerPage (8); $table->addColumn('zone', "Zone"); $table->addColumn('name', "Store Name"); $table->addColumn('sale', "Sales Amount");
 $data = array(
 array("zone" => "North", "name" => "Northern Stores", "sale" => 4000),
 array("zone" => "South", "name" => "Southern Stores", "sale" => 4500)
 );
 $table->addMultipleRows($data);
 $this->addComponent ($table);
}
}
$db = new SampleDashboard(); $db->renderStandalone();


text:
which means that SQL necessarily ignores the law of the excluded middle. Put simply the Law of the Excluded Middle essentially states that when given any Boolean result, the opposite of the result can be obtained by applying the logical "not" operator. This does not apply to SQL nulls, however. Under the precepts of the law of the excluded middle, a Boolean expression like the following can be simplified:
SELECT * FROM stuff WHERE ( x = 10 ) OR NOT ( x = 10 );
The law of the excluded middle allows for simplification of the WHERE clause predicate, which would result in a statement like the following:
SELECT * FROM stuff;
This will not work in SQL, since the x column could contain nulls which would result in some new rows being returned.
SELECT * FROM stuff; -- is (because of 3VL) equivalent to: SELECT * FROM stuff WHERE ( x = 10 ) OR NOT ( x = 10 ) OR x IS NULL;
Thus, to correctly simplify the first statement in SQL requires that we return all rows in which x is not null.
SELECT * FROM stuff WHERE x IS NOT NULL;
While ignoring the law of the excluded middle does introduce additional complexity to SQL logic, attempts to apply this rule to SQL's 3VL results in a false dichotomy.
The ISO SQL:1999 standard introduced the Boolean datatype to SQL. The Boolean datatype, as defined by the standard, can hold the truth values TRUE, FALSE, and UNKNOWN. Null is defined in this one instance as equivalent to the truth value UNKNOWN.
This "null equals UNKNOWN truth value" proposition introduces an inconsistency into SQL 3VL. One major problem is that it contradicts a basic property of nulls, the property of propagation. Nulls, by definition, propagate through all SQL expressions. The Boolean truth values do not have this property. Consider the following scenarios in SQL:1999, in which two Boolean truth values are combined into a compound predicate. According to the rules of SQL 3VL, and as shown in the 3VL truth table shown earlier in this article, the following statements hold:
However, because nulls propagate, treating null as UNKNOWN results in the following logical inconsistencies in SQL 3VL:
The SQL:1999 standard does not define how to deal with this inconsistency, and results could vary between implementations. Because of these inconsistencies and lack of support from vendors the SQL Boolean datatype did not gain widespread acceptance. Most SQL DBMS platforms now offer their own platform-specific recommendations for storing Boolean-type data.


text:
Hendrick Avercamp (January 27, 1585 (bapt.) - May 15, 1634 (buried)) was a Dutch painter.
Avercamp was born in Amsterdam, where he studied with the Danish-born portrait painter Pieter Isaacks (1569–1625), and perhaps also with David Vinckboons. In 1608 he moved from Amsterdam to Kampen in the province of Overijssel. Avercamp was mute and was known as "de Stomme van Kampen" (the mute of Kampen).
As one of the first landscape painters of the 17th-century Dutch school, he specialized in painting the Netherlands in winter. Avercamp's paintings are colorful and lively, with carefully crafted images of the people in the landscape. Many of Avercamp's paintings feature people ice skating on frozen lakes.
Avercamp's work enjoyed great popularity and he sold his drawings, many of which were tinted with water-color, as finished pictures to be pasted into the albums of collectors. The Royal Collection has an outstanding collection of his works.
Avercamp died in Kampen and was interred there in the Sint Nicolaaskerk.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Hendrick Avercamp|
|This article about a Dutch painter is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


Throttle Modes
From Train Control Systems Documentation
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Overview
Check out our video overview of all of the Throttle Modes available in TCS WOWSound, or continue reading for detailed descriptions of each mode individually
Prototype Throttle Mode
Proto Notch
Proto Notch™ is the TCS exclusive approach to matching the motive power sounds of your model locomotive with the prototype. Using our advanced BEMF motor algorithm, Proto Notch™ decoders can sense exactly how much force is being applied to the rails to move your locomotive and train. By matching that information with prototype performance, we can scale the effort of the model to the real thing and play the right sound to match the work being done.
WOWDiesel
WOWDiesel decoders are configured with diesel-specific prototypical notching. The WOWDiesel decoder selects which notch (1-8) the prototype locomotive would have to be in to haul your scale load at your scale speed. Then it plays the corresponding prime mover sound to emulate the correct power for that notch.
WOWSteam
WOWSteam decoders are configured with variable chuff intensity to emulate prototypical throttling. Your locomotives will make faster and harsher chuff sounds as you ramp up speed or increase the load, and soften to slower and smoother chuffs under lighter loads and less pressure. When the locomotive is coasting, rod clanks and snifters also activate depending on coasting rate and track grade.
The video below can teach you all you need to know about Prototype Throttle Mode:
WOWDiesel Auto Notching
TCS brought auto notching to the model train hobby with the advent of the very first WOWDiesel decoder. It is arguably the coolest feature of the WOWSound decoder!
Auto notching is only available in the Prototype Throttle Mode. Auto notching allows the decoder to sense the load it is under, and decide what notch to be in. Auto notching is unlike Traditional Throttle Mode where the active notch is based exclusively on the speed. With Auto notching the prime mover sound is constantly changing as it goes up hills, around curves, picks up more cars, and coasts down hills!
In order to make the best use of auto notching, you must calibrate the locomotive in Audio Assist® so it knows what the ruling grade is on your layout and will be in notch 8 as it traverses it. Every locomotive is different, both in the sense of unqiue characteristics of the motor and gearing, as well as the "normal" operating conditions in which you run it. All of these factors need to be accounted for, and thus a calibration is needed in order for the decoder to "learn" your railroad.
To calibrate your WOWDiesel locomotive so that it knows the ruling grade and downhill grades on your layout enter Audio Assist® and go to the calibration menu (menu 3.2) and follow the audio prompt from the decoder. It will ask you to run the locomotive in a coasting condition and then a notch 8 condition. (PRO TIP: While on the calibration menu you can calibrate the coasting point by pressing function 1 or the notch 8 point by pressing button 2, even if the menu is telling you to do otherwise)
Behind the scenes Audio Assist® is saving the calibration data to indexed CV4:17 BEMF Calibration Low and CV4:18 BEMF Calibration High both CV's can be programmed tweaked manually. TCS recommends calibrating using Audio Assist® and then manually tweaking the CV's if need be.
WOWSteam Auto Chuff Intensity
WOWSteam Auto Chuff Intensity
Other Prototype Throttle Mode Features
In Prototype Throttle Mode, the default momentum values are set to the "Mainline Momentum" values stored in the decoder as part of the Momentum Modes feature. The Mainline Momentum values are typically high momentum values which create a more realistic operating experience. The higher momentum values require you to use the Train Brake to slow down your train, rather than simply using the speed control on your throttle.
Traditional Throttle Mode
Traditional throttle mode is how sound decoders of the past would "traditionally" operate, where the chuff intensity was one constant volume, or the prime mover notch is related directly to the speed. E.G. every (n) speed steps (of 128 speed steps) is a different notch, so the faster you go the higher the notch you will be in.
See the video below for a demonstration of Traditional Throttle Mode:
Configuration Options
Traditional throttle mode can be selected though and can be selected using Audio_Assist® menu 4.1. Both WOWSteam and WOWDiesel support Traditional Throttle Mode.
(WOWDiesel ONLY): The speed setpoints that the prime mover changes notches are controlled by CV165 through CV172 - where CV165 controls when the locomotive goes into Notch 1 and CV172 controls what speed step the locomotive goes into Notch 8.
(WOWSteam ONLY): To adjust the volume of the Chuff while in Traditional Throttle Mode, you need to change the volume level for the sound type "Chuff." This can be done easily through Audio Assist®. Note that making this change to the Chuff volume type will affect the maximum volume that the Chuff can reach when in Prototype Throttle Mode.
Other Traditional Throttle Mode Features
When you select Traditional Throttle Mode, the momentum values are set to the "Switching Momentum" values stored in the decoder as part of the Momentum Modes feature. The Switching Momentum values are typically low momentum values which disregard realism in favor of a "snappy" and "slot-car-like" operating experience which closely ties the speed of the locomotive to the speed on your handheld throttle. While it is still possible to slow down your locomotive using the Train Brake, it is not a requirement with Traditional Throttle Mode. That said, you can use the Momentum Modes feature to switch back to Mainline Momentum in case you only want to have the notching or chuff intensity be constant but the momentum be realistic.
Manual Notching Throttle Mode (WOWDiesel)
WOWSound from TCS is the original "Full Throttle" diesel decoder. We call it "Manual Notching" but the feature is essentially the same. Manual notching is available on every WOWSound diesel decoder ever made, beginning with Version 1 released back in January of 2015, as part of our overall Proto Notch™ experience.
What is Manual Notching?
Manual Notching allows you to independently adjust the prime mover sound or "notch sound", and separately control the speed of the locomotive. Real life locomotives can be set in notch eight but operating at slow speed because of a heavy train and steep grade. Your TCS decoder by default is configured to Prototype Throttle Mode, giving you the correct load-based sound!
Manual Notching is for users who like to run prototypically without letting the decoder have all the fun of Auto Notching. If you'd like to move notch sounds manually, there are two modes: Semi-Manual Notching and Full-Manual Notching.
The main advantage of TCS' Manual Notching, when compared to many other implementations by other manufactures, is that with a WOWSound decoder you can completely separate the locomotive physical speed and RPM while still retaining complete control of both simultaneously. Additionally, entering and exiting manual notching is simple. Continue reading to learn more.
How do I use Manual Notching?
Using the throttle, you set the desired speed of the loco, and by using the Manual Notch up (default button 10) and Manual Notch down (default button 11) you can change the notch sound to the desired notch. Yes it is that simple! The notch sound you manually select locks in and overrides the current throttle mode's selected notch setting.
Semi-Manual Notching
The manual notch buttons are always active regardless of which Throttle Mode is selected; however, when not in the Manual Notching Throttle Mode, manual changes are overridden when a speed change is made. For example if you are in Traditional Throttle Mode and running down a hill you may want to manually notch down, and then when you reach the bottom of the hill, changing the speed will revert the notch back to what it was before going down the hill. (Note that this is the behaviour you would observe when in Prototype Throttle Mode.) While in manual notch mode speed changes do not override the manual notch setting.
With semi-manual notching active, when you change the throttle the decoder automatically takes back control and sets the appropriate notch sound as determined by the active throttle mode. Ergo, the notching will return from manual to autpomatic if you change the speed of the locomotive.
Full Manual Notching
With the Manual Notching Throttle Mode active, you can manually select the notch by pressing the notch up or notch down buttons. Meanwhile you can still control the speed as your normally would without affecting the active notch setting. This gives full control of both the speed and notch to you simultaneously and completely independently! With full manual notching active, the decoder does not take back over the selected notch when you change the throttle. You remain in full control of the selected notch at all times. To override the decoder's selected notch setting simply use the Manual Notch up and down buttons at any time. Manual Notching overrides the automatically selected notch sound. You can notch up before you even move the locomotive!
Can I remap the Manual Notching buttons?
Yes. By default, TCS "Manual Notch Up" is button ten, and "Manual Notch Down" is button eleven; however, if Manual Notching is something that you would like to use often then we recommend you re-map the


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audience applaud in a sentence
1) The audience applauded; he bowed and smiled.
2) The costumes were amusing and the audience applauded them.
3) Some members of the audience applauded it.
4) The audience applauded; Dinah took the final call.
audience applaud example sentences5) The audience applauded, and the parade was on.
6) The affected audience applauded both authors for their unique insights and talent.
7) After each Jolson song, the audience applauded.
8) For the first and only time, the audience applauded.
9) Smiling he leaped from the stage and the audience applauded.
10) As each song flowed into the next scene, the audience applauded and cheered.
11) That it was misunderstood." (audience applauds) "Thank you.
12) The audience applauded her stance.
13) After the customary conductor's bow, the reserved audience applauded lightly and the music began.
14) I hear the audience applauding.
example sentences with audience15) An awed audience applauded Claude.
16) Now the audience applauded, and Auguste Rodin in the audience stood up to cheer.
17) The appreciative audience applauds, then files out of the theatre back to their busy lives.
18) The audience applauded wildly, and we saw it happen yesterday as Americans marched on the National Mall.
19) He appears as Fartman once again, with Howard falling in mid-air, which the audience applaud for.
20) The audience applauded when the clip was finished, and Philbin and Kathie Lee praised Howarth's performance.
21) At the end of the scene, the setting reverts to the Globe Playhouse and the audience applauding.
22) Despite its shocking scenes and gritty dialogue, the audience applauded for half an hour after the debut performance ended.
23) Turkeys–as many as possible, because they can make a noise that sounds like an audience applauding.
24) The film ends as it begins, where there is a large audience applauding Peter Fallow's premiere of his book.
25) Later, Yuma says it's better to think of Peter Pan, where the audience applauds to keep Tinkerbell alive.
26) After the movie is over, the audience applauds wildly and leaps to its feet while balloons and streamers fill the air.
27) After the assembled audience applauded Peres, Erdoğan said: "I find it very sad that people applaud what you said.
How to use audience in a sentence28) When he gives away the film's ending, Marge tells him to shut up and the audience applauds, embarrassing Homer.
29) As John King of CNN framed his question to Romney, the audience applauded mention of Sheriff Joe Arpaio of Arizona's Maricopa County, who is known for his advocacy of hard-line immigration policies.
30) In a domed auditorium adorned with celestial cherubs an enthusiastic, society audience applauds as Krankeit enters the ring, like a matador.
31) Chairman Lee, upon receiving the award declared a message, "Peace has an answer," with the Chinese audience applauding in agreement with their thumbs up.
32) The audience applauded.
33) The audience applauded her anyway and she later performed an unaired version of the song which was uploaded to "The View's" YouTube account.
34) The Japanese players later held up a banner to thank China ("Arigato 謝謝 (Xie Xie) China") at the end of the game while the audience applauded in response.
35) Kelsi and Ryan start out the show followed by a couple other numbers; Jimmie then performs with Sharpay and embarrasses her, although the audience applauds the performance.
36) Mary asks Beth to stay behind and make sure Frank is not left alone with Gussie, but Beth chooses to trust her husband and leaves Frank on his own, listening to the sound of the audience applauding.
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Process Folder of Images Using Image Batch Processor App
This example shows how to use the Image Batch Processor app to process a group of images in the same folder.
Create a new folder in an area where you have write permission and copy a set of 10 images from the Image Processing Toolbox
imdata folder into the new folder.
Load Images into Image Batch Processor App
Open the Image Batch Processor app from the MATLAB® toolstrip. On the Apps tab, in the Image Processing and Computer Vision section, click Image Batch Processor .
Load images into the app. In the app toolstrip, click Import Images. In the Load Images from Folder dialog box, specify the folder containing the images you want to load. For this example, specify the folder that you created in the first step,
cellprocessing. By default, the app includes images in subfolders. To change this behavior, clear Include images in subfolders. Then, click Load.
The Image Batch Processor app creates thumbnails of the images in the folder and displays them in a scrollable tab in the left pane. The app displays the first selected image (highlighted in blue) in larger resolution in the Input Image tab in the right pane.
Specify Batch Processing Function
Specify the name of the function you want to use to process the images in the folder. To specify an existing function, type the name in the Function Name box in the Batch Function section of the app toolstrip. You can also click the folder icon next to the box to browse and select the function. To create a new batch processing function, click Create in the Batch Function section of the app toolstrip. When you do this, the app opens the batch processing function template in the MATLAB® Editor. For this example, click Create to create a new function.
In the batch processing function template, enter code for the new function into the space reserved in the template file and click Save. This example uses the default name for the batch processing function,
myimfcn, but you can specify any name. For this example, the code specifies a function that creates a mask image, calculates the total number of cells in the image, and creates a thresholded version of the original image.
function results = myimfcn(im) %Image Processing Function % % IM - Input image. % RESULTS - A scalar structure with the processing results. % %-------------------------------------------------------------------------- % Auto-generated by imageBatchProcessor App. % % When used by the App, this function will be called for every input image % file automatically. IM contains the input image as a matrix. RESULTS is a % scalar structure containing the results of this processing function. % %-------------------------------------------------------------------------- imstd = stdfilt(im,ones(27)); bw = imstd>30; thresholdMask = imfuse(im, bw); [~, n] = bwlabel(bw); results.bw = bw; results.thresholdMask = thresholdMask; results.numCells = n; end
Save the file. After saving, the app displays the name of this new function in the Function Name box on the app toolstrip.
Process Images Using Batch Processing Function
Test the new function by running the batch processor on one of your images. With one image selected (highlighted in blue), click Process Selected to process the selected image. The app displays the results of the processing in a new panel called Results. For this example, the app displays the binary mask, a count of the number of objects (cells) in the image, and a thresholded version of the image.
To get a closer view of the image results, click Show for that particular result in the Results panel. The app open a larger resolution version of the image in a new tab in a bottom-center pane. For this example, view the binary mask results be clicking Show for
bw in the Results panel. To explore the results, move the cursor over the image to access the pan and zoom controls. When zooming and panning, the app links the result image to the original image—panning or zooming on one image causes the other image to move as well. If you do not want this behavior, clear Link Axes in the app toolstrip.
If the results of the test run on one image are successful, then execute the function on all of the images in the folder. To process all the images at once, on the app toolstrip, click Process Selected and select Process All. To process only a subset of the images, click Process Selected. You can select images to process either by pressing Ctrl and clicking the desired images or by clicking one image to start, pressing Shift, and clicking another image to select all images in between the starting and ending images. If you have Parallel Computing Toolbox™, you can click Use Parallel on the app toolstrip to process the images on a local parallel pool. For this example, process all of the images.
The app processes all the images in the specified folder. A filled-in green square next to a thumbnail indicates the app successfully processed that image. The Results panel contains the results of the selected image (highlighted in blue). A status bar at the bottom-right of the app reports on the number of images processed.
Export Processed Images and Processing Pipeline
To save the results, click Export to view the options available. You can export results to the workspace or to a file, or you can get the MATLAB® code the app used to generate the results.
Save the results in a workspace variable. On the app toolstrip, click Export and select Export result of all processed images to workspace option. In the dialog box that opens, select the results you want to export. A common approach is to export the nonimage results to the workspace and save the images that result from the processing in files. This example saves the cell count along with the name of the input file to the workspace variable
By default, the app returns the results you select in a table named
allresults. To store the results in a structure instead of a table, select Struct Array in the Choose format section of the dialog box. To specify another name for the result variable, change Variable name in the dialog box. If you select Include input image file name, the app includes the name of the image associated with the results in the structure or table. After specifying exporting details, click OK.
To get the MATLAB® code that the app used to process your files, on the app toolstrip, click Export and select the Generate function. The app generates a function that accepts the input folder name and the output folder name as input arguments. By default, the function returns a table with the results, but you can choose a structure instead. For image results, you can specify the file format and whether you want the function to write the image to the specified output folder.


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Land is an important investment. One that is often passed down through generations. Farmland needs to be monitored and cared for to maintain the value and sustainability if it is to be enjoyed and profitable for future generations. Nearly 50% of landowners in Ohio are female. If you fall into this statistic and want to learn more about your land, farming and conservation practices and how to successfully pass it on to the next generation, this program is for you!
Farming has changed dramatically over the last several decades. The thought of trying to understand it all can be overwhelming, especially if not actively farming. This series is designed to help female landowners understand critical conservation and farm management issues related to owning land. It will provide participants with the knowledge, skills and confidence to talk with tenants about farming and conservation practices used on their land. The farm management portion will provide an understanding of passing land on to the next generation and help establish fair rental rates by looking at current farm budgets.
The series runs every other Thursday, June 14 through August 23 from 9:00-11:30 in the Champaign County Community Center Auditorium in Urbana, Ohio. It is $50 for the series. If you are only able to attend a couple of session, it is $10 per session but there is a lot of value in getting to know other participants in the series and talking with them each week. The registration flyer can be found at _URL_ For questions or more information, please contact Amanda Douridas at _PHONE_ or _EMAIL_. Please register by June 4. The detailed agenda is below.
June 14- Building Soil Structure
- Soil Structure Discussion and Demo
- Tillage Methods and Compaction (includes three demonstrations)
- Soil Coverage Discussion and Demo
June 28- Implementing Conservation
- Conservation Activity
- Aquifer Demonstration
- Watershed Maps of Participants Farms
- Explanation of Conservation Practices
July 12- Value of the Land Beyond the Dollar
- Land Value Diagram
- Landowner/Tenant Relationship Panel
- Wildlife Habitat Programs
July 26- Transition and Succession Planning
- Peggy Hall and Wright Moore Law Firm
Aug 9- Leasing and Budgets
- Good Leasing Contracts
- Hunting Leases
- Overview of Commodity Budgets
Aug 23- Farm Visit
Some activities developed by Women, Food and Agriculture Network for its Women Caring for the Land program.


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National Action Plan for Conservation of Gibbons welcomed in Vientiane
The Government of Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) has taken a further step to demonstrate its commitment to protecting globally important biodiversity by launching a national action plan for the conservation of gibbons.
Throughout their range gibbons are under considerable threat, often restricted to isolated patches of forest within a region with some of the highest human population densities in the world, namely South-East Asia. It is a poorly known fact that Lao PDR is one of the most species-rich countries in the world when it comes to gibbons.
Altogether six species of gibbon are known from Lao PDR, among 17 species globally, and the country offers the best chance for long-term survival for at least two of them. Of particular significance are the crested gibbons, of which there are four species in Lao PDR. This is the most endangered genus of gibbons and they are found almost exclusively east of the Mekong River, also in Cambodia, China and Vietnam.
Formally launched on 6 July 2011 in Vientiane, the National Gibbon Conservation Action Plan is a major step towards improving the status of gibbons in Lao PDR. Throughout the latter half of 2010 and early 2011, a technical working group of representatives of the Government of Lao PDR, the National University of Laos, scientists and non-governmental organisations outlined the steps to achieving a goal by 2020 of having gibbon populations in priority areas fully protected and the gibbon status for each species nationwide improving. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and Fauna & Flora International (FFI) coordinated preparation of the action plan with the Division of Forest Resource Conservation within the Department of Forestry.
Achieving this goal is a considerable challenge within a climate of rapid economic development and natural resource depletion in Lao PDR. The priority for meeting that challenge is clearly stated within the action plan as seriously tackling the issue of hunting.
Even where there is forest degradation, Lao PDR remains blessed with vaster areas of intact forest than most of its immediate neighbours. Hunting therefore remains the main threat to gibbons. Yet hunting is often opportunistic as gibbons have relatively little economic value, but it is also deliberate as gibbons, being arboreal, do not accidentally get caught by traps on the ground.
A combination of improved enforcement and raised awareness are imperative to protecting gibbons in Lao PDR. Already though, there is a traditional appreciation of gibbons in Lao PDR among rural communities, for several reasons, including enjoyment of their entrancing calls or common beliefs that gibbons are manifestations of spirits in the forest.
To achieve the goal of the gibbon conservation action plan, priority locations have been identified for each gibbon species. At some of these locations, gibbons have been receiving attention already to ensure their long-term protection. It is hoped that approval of this action plan will lead to greater support for gibbon conservation at all priority sites throughout the country so improving the chances of survival of some of the world's most endangered primates, while benefitting more of Lao PDR's unique biodiversity.
As noted by the Deputy Director-General of the Department of Forestry, Mr Khamphanh Nanthavong, "Lao PDR has a good opportunity now for retaining its diversity of gibbon species while maintaining them as a resource for future development of the country."
Given sufficient support and interest, the goal of the National Gibbon Conservation Action Plan for Lao PDR is achievable.
Gibbons are apes, like chimps, gorillas and orangutans, and are thus closely related to humans. Native to the forests of Southeast Asia, they are considered to be among nature's greatest acrobats. Gibbons live in close-knit family groups usually comprising a male, one female and their offspring. They also make distinct and complex bird-like calls, called a'song', which they can project up to two kilometres through the forest canopy. Adult family members sing both duets and solos (with the male and female singing different parts) in the early morning to defend their territory. This haunting melody has become part of the folklore of the indigenous people of Southeast Asia.
Gibbon species in Lao PDR
There are six species of gibbons in Lao PDR:
1. Black crested gibbons (Nomascus concolor) are globally Critically Endangered and in Lao PDR there is only one location in the northwest of the country known to have a viable population. They are mainly found in China. One area in Vietnam is also known to have a viable population. See _URL_ for more information on this species.
2. Northern white-cheeked crested gibbons (Nomascus leucogenys) are globally Critically Endangered. Most of the global population is found in Lao PDR. There are also records in China and Vietnam close to the Lao border.
3. Southern white-cheeked crested gibbons (Nomascus siki) are globally Endangered and only found in central Lao PDR and central Vietnam.
4. Northern buff-cheeked crested gibbons (Nomascus annamensis) are a newly-described species to science and found in southern Lao PDR, Vietnam and Cambodia.
5. White-handed gibbons (Hylobates lar) are listed as globally Endangered and are one of the most widely distributed gibbon species globally ranging from China down to Sumatra, but their situation in Lao PDR is perilous.
6. Pileated gibbons (Hylobates pileatus) is listed as globally Endangered and also found in Thailand and Cambodia, but this species is possibly on the verge of extinction in Lao PDR.
The categories Critically Endangered and Endangered are from the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and define the most threatened categories for species still found in the wild.
About the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) _URL_
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, helps the world find pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges. IUCN works on biodiversity, climate change, energy, human livelihoods and greening the world economy by supporting scientific research, managing field projects all over the world, and bringing governments, NGOs, the UN and companies together to develop policy, laws and best practice. IUCN is the world's oldest and largest global environmental organization, with more than 1,000 government and NGO members and almost 11,000 volunteer experts in some 160 countries. IUCN's work is supported by over 1,000 staff in 60 offices and hundreds of partners in public, NGO and private sectors around the world.
About Fauna & Flora International (FFI) _URL_
FFI is the world's first established international conservation body, founded in 1903. FFI acts to conserve threatened species and ecosystems worldwide, choosing solutions that are sustainable, are based on sound science and take account of human needs. FFI operates in more than 40 countries world-wide.
About the Division of Forest Resource Conservation
The Division of Forest Resources Conservation, part of the Department of Forestry within the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, is responsible for the management and protection of Lao PDR's forest resources. This includes the wildlife residing within those forests, as well as the management of the country's system of National Protected Areas.
Funding for this work:
Our work is only possible through generous donations. Funding support for preparing the National Gibbon Action Plan for Lao PDR came from the United States Embassy in Vientiane, the Arcus Foundation and the Mohammed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund.
For more information, please contact:
Ms. Charlotte Hicks, IUCN Lao PDR. Tel: +856 21 216401; email: _EMAIL_


IA Scholar Query: Fast Pattern Recognition and Deep Learning Using Multi-Rooted Binary Decision Diagrams. _URL_ Internet Archive Scholar query results feed en _EMAIL_ Fri, 01 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT fatcat-scholar _URL_ 1440 When person-occupation fit falls down; Understanding why some poor fits are happy in their line of work, and some good fits are not _URL_ This study explores the relationship between fit and satisfaction. More specifically it examines the congruence problem - the weaker than expected relationship between a good occupational fit (also referred to as congruence) and higher levels of work satisfaction. Using John Holland's prominent and influential Theory of Vocational Choice as a framework, this research sought individual perspectives from workers who do not conform to expectations of fit theory, in that they are either measured as a good fit for their occupation and unsatisfied, or measure as a poor fit and yet are satisfied at work. This study analysed workers in this anomalous situation to understand how their experience of work links to, and helps to highlight, limitations in current occupational fit approach. 253 UK workers, in occupations spanning across all major categories, were measured for satisfaction and fit with their current occupation using a RIASEC work personality assessment. From this initial assessment, 39 of those workers with the largest measured disparity between fit and satisfaction were identified. Using semi-structured interviews, these participants were asked to describe a wide range of work experiences, including those relating to satisfaction, their occupations, and perceptions of fit and adjustment. Thematic Analysis was used to identify common and important aspects of their lived experiences that helped explain the congruence problem. Several explanations of the congruence problem emerged from this analysis. Firstly, elements that are measured in Holland's approach appear to have important sub-elements that are not considered, or not considered sufficiently. In some cases, part of the current fit calculation mechanism was found to be insufficiently detailed to allow meaningful measurement. This research also identified several factors important to work satisfaction that fall outside Holland's scope of fit measurement. There are also elements that themselves defy expectations of fit theory, such as the satisfaction derive [...] Joel Warburton work_lqtblhi7wfe4dnhn6pigivz52e Fri, 01 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT Artificial Intelligence Models for Predicting Mechanical Properties of Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC): Critical Review _URL_ Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) has attracted more interesting in the past several years because it is an economical and eco-friendly building material. But generally, the mechanical properties of RAC are poor compared to natural aggregate concrete (NAC). So, the mechanical properties of RAC need robust predictive models to be evaluated before its application. Traditional (empirical based) models, e.g., linear, and non-linear regression methods, have been extensively proposed. But these models lack flexibility in updating (i.e., limited to a finite number of variables) and can give inaccurate results. Consequently, to handle such shortcomings, several Artificial Intelligence (AI) models have been suggested as an alternative strategy for predicting the mechanical properties of RAC. In this study, state-of-the-art AI models were reviewed to predict the mechanical properties of RAC. The application of each predictive model and its training, testing, and performance are critically examined and analysed, consequently identifying present knowledge gaps, practical recommendations, and required future investigation. Amira Hamdy Ali Ahmed, Wu Jin, Mosaad Ali Hussein Ali work_jx2yp6mhdng2pjrdlsawchpoay Wed, 29 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT ZMK Zeitschrift für Medien- und Kulturforschung. Ontography _URL_ (:Unkn) Unknown, Mediarep.Org, Lorenz Engell, Bernhard Siegert work_fjnnizhrxnbdvpushvlc6u3iqa Wed, 29 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT A soft robotic approach for robot-assisted palpation training _URL_ This thesis investigates the coupled actuation and sensing in pneumatic-based soft robots, and further explores its applications in designing medical simulators for palpation training. Palpation is a fundamental part of clinical training for physical examination. However, the learning approach remains a problem after centuries of modern medical development. A novel perspective to view this complex behaviour based on embodied physical intelligence pointed out that the learning of the technique ultimately relies on the training tasks and associated feedback. This opens up a new way to train medical practitioners with a quantitative archetype through soft robotic approaches. Pneumatic-based soft robots with elastomeric material have the advantages of high-compliance, easy-for-control, and flexible-in-design. More importantly, the inherent soft sensing with the driving fluid shows promising sensitivity and reliability for human-robot interaction in palpation training. Such an actuation/sensing approach was first employed in the design of a sensorized abdominal phantom with a controllable liver for realistic tumour rendering. Positive granular jamming nodules are used for tumour simulation instead of nodules made of pure rubber membrane. The method introduces extra constraints to the actuator where the volume/pressure curve can be effectively flattened. Thus, the valid control region is extended. This thesis then explored the force and position sensing ability of the multi-nodule phantom with a machine-learning-based methodology. Reliable results are shown with a UR5 robot performing palpation with complex motion. Finally, two applications of palpation training simulators based on the soft robotic approach were proposed: A full-sized abdominal phantom for physical environment training and a portable haptic interface for VR based training. In summary, the findings from this thesis provide important notations for designing a pneumatic based soft robot with coupled actuation and sensing. In particular, such methodology s [...] Liang He, Thrishantha Nanayakkara, Nicolas Rojas Libreros work_kxk4skrke5dtlmwyspf7hnfkmm Tue, 28 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT Serendipitously Ludic Spaces: Vintage fashion fairs through the Lens of Critical Spatial Theory _URL_ This thesis argues that it has never been more important to understand the spatial bene fits or 'serendipitously ludic' experiences of fashion consumption in bricks and mortar spaces, with traditional retail facing an existential threat from online. Spatiality is funda mental to the shopping experience, especially when shopping for vintage fashion items. However, space is often undervalued in contemporary thought as it is invisible and intan gible. This research investigates critical spatial theory, finding that space is not a negative container, but a positive and palpable force surrounding human activity; with physical, mental, social and temporal dimensions. Critical spatial theory has been applied to educa tional buildings, care homes and hospitals, but what has not been researched in depth is shopping spaces. The vintage fashion fair is becoming ubiquitous, offering an alternative to mainstream retail, exemplifying symbolic and experiential post-modern consumption, and enacted in liquid spaces where individual and collective identities are forged. How ever, despite the increasing prevalence of such second-hand, travelling spaces of con sumption, there is scant literature addressing their spatialities. This research aims to fill this gap; advancing critical spatial theory by applying it to the United Kingdom (UK) vin tage fashion fair to create new knowledge. The thesis will demonstrate how critical spatial theory, synthesised with consumer culture theory can be extended to create new knowledge of contemporary consumption space. It will investigate how consumers experi ence space at vintage fashion fairs, and create new understanding of these consumption spaces, making it possible to design spaces which are better for everyone, despite all consumers having unique perceptions. This research combines phenomenology and nar rative enquiry, to understand the actual lived experience of space at the vintage fashion fair. In-depth interviews were held with ten 'Serious Leisure Vintage Fashionistas'; using digital par [...] Esther Pugh work_m3l6iw2w2zfwdfy2u7rmcpbahe Tue, 28 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT Download the Whole Issue _URL_ s take on Scott as spelled out in Life on the Mississippi: (accessed January 7, 2022). 4 To be precise, Gladstone's family had a statue of the poet placed on the exterior wall of the library built in his honor in Hawarden, Wales. On Gladstone's cult of Dante, see Havely 2014, 179-86; Havely provides a helpful chronology of Dante in British culture with several pages devoted to the modernist period 284-98. On Douglass and the image of Dante in his private library, see Looney 2011, 62-63. "This is one of the unusual instances when Harnett actually depicted the titles of the books in his paintings. More typically, the texts appear as props for invoking a leisurely moment in a bachelor's private quarters." Martha M. Evans, Claude Raguet Hirst: Transforming the American Still Life 95, note 122. Also helpful is the essay by Judy L. Larson in William M. Harnett. 7 CoSMo Comparative Studies in Modernism n. 20 (Spring) • 2022 the edition by Filippo Giunta, edited by Girolamo Benivieni with a


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CPCCPD3021 Prepare existing coated surface for painting Training Resources
Get the latest CPCCPD3021 Prepare existing coated surface for painting RTO training and resource assessment tools from CAQA, one of Australia's most trusted RTO resource developers. These training resources will help you deliver quality, up-to-date training for this unit of competency.
The RTO training and assessment materials in this unit training package are designed to give your organisation and your students the best learning experience possible. These course materials were created with the help of professional instructional designers and industry expert to ensure their quality.
These training resources by CAQA were created to meet all CPCCPD3021 training requirements and underwent a comprehensive development process to make sure you receive only the best RTO training materials.
CPCCPD3021 Learner Resources
- Learner Guides— developed to meet training package requirements. These also include formative assessments to evaluate students' competence level before they undertake any summative assessments.
CPCCPD3021 Assessment Tools
- Students Assessment Workbooks—include an assessment plant, context and conditions of assessment, tasks to be administered to the student, and an outline of the evidence to be gathered from the candidate.
- The Trainer Assessor Assessment Materials— have benchmark answers and evidence criteria used by assessors to judge competence.
- Mapping Document— maps each assessment task back to the unit requirements. This vital reference tool will help with compliance and at audit.
- Simulated Business Resources (where applicable)— includes workplace resources such as templates, policies, procedures, and the like to ensure students have access to the resources required for assessment are consistent with the Principles of Assessment and the Rules of Evidence.
Additional CPCCPD3021 Training Resources
- Self-Study Guide— support your learners and help them understand the underpinning knowledge of the training package with this tool. This guide assists with delivering effective, engaging, and compliant classroom or webinar delivery of this unit.
- Class Activity Books—help your students develop greater understanding of the competencies with these books. These materials allow your trainers and assessors to collect detailed information on students' current level of competence. Your trainers and assessors will have a better idea on how to improve instruction and ensure excellent learning outcomes.
- Session Plans—for effective and engaging classroom delivery of the unit. These plans are easy-to-customise to adapt to different delivery modes.
- PowerPoint Presentations—designed around classroom delivery sessions. These presentations have pictures, topic headings, and key content notes for each topic. It also includes mapping so you can demonstrate how this tool meets your training package requirements.
Features of Your CPCCPD3021 Resources
- Unlimited Student Licence—you are free to deliver and assess training to as many students as you want within your RTO. No ongoing fees or resource costs!
- Printable Digital Resources—print as many copies of the RTO training resources as you like for your students to use in the classroom or take with them on work placement.
- Editable Training Resources—your CPCCPD3021 training materials come in an easy-to-edit digital format so you can contextualise them to meet your organisations' needs.
More Information About the CPCCPD3021 Prepare existing coated surface for painting Unit of Competency
Find more information about the CPCCPD3021 Prepare existing coated surface for painting unit of competency, including currency, vocational outcomes, elements, performance criteria, unit requirements, course packaging and more on the training.gov.au page here.
Check Out through Our Online Shop Now!
Simply click the "Buy Now" button at the top of the page to complete your order of the CPCCPD3021 RTO learning materials. You can also get in touch with us for more information.


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Frequently Asked Questions
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How do I delete a space after an email address in Excel file?
Sometimes email addresses are entered into a Microsoft Excel file with spaces after them and this can cause issues when you try to upload the list into your Benchmark Email account. Follow these steps to remove any spaces from your file:
- Highlight and copy the space that is after the email address.
- Open the "Find and Replace" menu by clicking CTRL+F or by selecting Edit > Find > Replace.
- Select the Replace tab.
- In the "Find" field, paste the space you copied earlier.
- Leave the "Replace" field blank.
- Click Replace All.
- Highlight and copy the column of email addresses from your Excel file.
- Open the Notepad program by selecting Start > All Programs > Accessories > Notepad. Paste the email addresses into Notepad.
- Place the cursor after the first email address on the list. Click and drag to the right to highlight any space. Copy the area you just highlighted.
- Click CTRL-H to open the "Replace" box. Paste the space you copied into the "Find What" box. In the "Replace with" section, place your cursor inside and then click Replace All.
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2. BeeBase is the Animal and Plant Health Agency's (APHA) National Bee Unit website, supporting Defra, Scottish Government and Welsh Government Bee Health Programmes and providing information for beekeepers across the UK. It contains information dedicated to identifying and reporting potential incursions of the Asian hornet to the Non-Native Species Secretariat (NNSS).
3. The Non-Native Species Secretariat has responsibility for helping to coordinate the approach to invasive non-native species in Great Britain. The NNSS is responsible to a Programme Board which represents the relevant governments and agencies of England, Scotland and Wales. It has a species alert page for the Asian hornet on its website containing an identification sheet as well as instructions for reporting sightings.
4. Sections 14D to 14O of the Wildlife and Countryside Act set out the provisions of Emergency Species Control Orders. Information about Emergency Species Control Orders can also be found on the Scottish Government website.
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BLM Road Numbers - Understanding Township and Range
BLM roads are identified numerically by a legal description based upon a rectangular grid, established from a point in northwest Portland, and spanning the State. From this point, Township grid lines run east and west; Range grid lines run north and south -each six miles apart. The resulting 6-mile squares called Townships are divided into 36 one-mile squares called Sections. Each section is approximately 640 acres.
BLM road signs in the field have three numbers. They identify the Township, Range, and Section from which a road originates. For example:
Numbers after the decimal point indicate another road originating in Section 14.


Querying Places
Revision Information
 - Revision slug: Querying_Places
 - Revision title: Querying Places
 - Revision id: 131213
 - Created:
 - Creator: Gemal
 - Is reviewed? Yes
 - Reviewed:
 - Reviewed by: Jay
 - Is approved? Yes
 - Is current revision? No
 - Comment executeQuery instead of executeQueries
Revision Source
Revision Content
Most information from the Firefox history and bookmarks system ("Places") comes from executing queries on the history system (nsINavHistory.executeQuery/executeQueries). This will give you a nsINavHistoryResult object which will contain a tree structure of the results. The definitions of these structures is in {{template.Source("browser/components/places/public/nsINavHistoryService.idl")}}
Executing a query
There are two parts of a query: a list of one or more nsINavHistoryQuery objects, and an nsINavHistoryQueryOptions object. You first need to fill out these structures with the parameters you want. Use nsINavHistoryService.getNewQuery and nsINavHistoryService.getNewQueryOptions to retrieve empty objects. These objects typically have empty values for each possible field, so using them in their initial state will give you all of history in a flat list:
var historyService = Components.classes["_USER_-history-service;1"]
// get all history sorded by ascending visit date
var options = historyService.getNewQueryOptions();
options.sortingMode = options.SORT_BY_DATE_ASCENDING;
// no query parameters will return everything
var query = historyService.getNewQuery();
var result = historyService.executeQuery(query, options)
Result types
The query options structure nsINavHistoryQueryOptions has an attribute resultType for the type of the results that you want. It is important to understand the differences between these:
 - RESULTS_AS_URI: This is the default, and means that you get one result node of type RESULT_TYPE_URI for each URI that matches the query. The visit date for each node will be the last visit date for that URL. You will definitely want this when showing bookmark folders.
 - RESULTS_AS_VISIT: This means that you want one entry for each time a page was visited matching the given query. Therefore, you may get duplicate entries for URLs, each with a different date. The nodes will be of type RESULT_TYPE_VISIT which will give you access to a session ID for each visit. This session ID is the same for all pages that were reached by clicking links. A new session starts when the user types a new URL or follows a bookmark. It is used to compute the dividing lines in the places history view.
 - RESULTS_AS_FULL_VISIT: This is the same as visits but the results will be of type RESULT_TYPE_FULL_VISIT and will have additional information about the visit, such as the referring visit, and how the transition happened (typed, redirect, link, etc). This information is typically not needed and causes the result nodes (of which there may be many) to be larger, which is why it is a separate option.
The named constants are properties of nsINavHistoryQueryOptions, for example Components.interfaces.nsINavHistoryQueryOptions.RESULTS_AS_VISIT.
Query parameters
Note: The query object interface is subject to change. In its current form it is not very expressive. Implementing a better interface is {{template.Bug(317830)}}.
You can pass one or more nsINavHistoryQuery objects to nsINavHistoryService.executeQuery/executeQueries. Within one query object, all parameters are ANDed together. The conditions for different query objects are then ORed together. This allows for a simpler implementation and interface than a full logical operation with nested clauses while still being expressive.
Example of querying for any pages I've visited that contain the word "firefox" in the title/URL or that I've visited today from mozilla.org.
// first query object searches for "firefox" in title/URL
var query1 = historyService.getNewQuery();
query1.searchTerms = "firefox";
// second query object searches for visited in past 24 hours AND from mozilla.org
var query2 = historyService.getNewQuery();
query2.beginTimeReference = query2.TIME_RELATIVE_NOW;
query2.beginTime = -24 * 60 * 60 * _PHONE_; // 24 hours ago in microseconds
query2.endTimeReference = query2.TIME_RELATIVE_NOW;
query2.endTime = 0; // now
query2.domain = "mozilla.org";
var result = historyService.executeQueries([query1, query2], 2, options);
Note: Keyword searching doesn't work correctly across OR queries. The current behavior does the normal query and then selects keywords from the first query and filters all the results. (In other words, the keywords from the first query are ANDed with all queries.) Keywords from subsequent query objects are ignored. This is {{template.Bug(320332)}}.
Bookmark queries
The contents of bookmark folders can be retrieved by setting the "folders" member in the query object. This item is an array of folder IDs from the bookmark service. Typically, you will only have one folder ID in this list, which will given you the contents of that folder. You can set multiple folders and the result will be the intersection of all the folders.
Generally, you want to set the grouping mode in the options to GROUP_BY_FOLDER for bookmarks queries. This will result in a hierarchical structure containing the bookmark folder hierarchy rooted at where you requested.
Note: This doesn't actually have any effect in the current implementation. The query system always assumes GROUP_BY_FOLDER for bookmarks queries. See {{template.Bug(324579)}}.
For sorting, you will generally want to use SORT_BY_NONE (the default) since this will return items in their "natural" order as specified by the user in the bookmarks manager. Other sortings will work, however.
For bookmark queries you will generally want no query parameters to retrieve all items from the requested folder(s). When you specify exactly one folder, GROUP_BY_FOLDER, and no query parameters, the system will be more efficient querying and keeping the results up-to-date since this maps to exactly one bookmark folder.
var bookmarkSvc = Components.classes["_USER_-bookmarks-service;1"]
// |options| is an object created in the previous section
options.setFolders([bookmarkService.toolbarRoot], 1);
options.setGroupingMode([options.GROUP_BY_FOLDER], 1);
var result = historyService.executeQuery(query, options);
Serializing queries
Normally, query and options objects are represented in terms of objects. However, it is possible to serialize these objects using queriesToQueryString, and deserialize them using queryStringToQueries. The result will be a string starting with "place:" which you can store or bookmark. When a "place:" URI is bookmarked, it will expand to the results of the query when it is opened by the user.
You should never manually construct "place:" URI strings. The format is subject to change. If you need one, create the proper objects and call the history service to serialize it for you.
Be careful, queryStringToQueries may not return any query objects if the string was empty. Your code should handle this case. There will always be an options structure returned. If no options were specified, it will have the default values. If there were no query parameters specified but the input string was not empty (there were options) you may get one query object returned, containing the default query values.
Example of serializing and deserializing two queries and an options object:
var queryString = historyService.queriesToQueryStrings([query1, query2], 2, options);
var queriesRef = { };
var queryCountRef = { };
var optionsRef = { };
historyService.queryStringToQueries(queryString, queriesRef, queryCountRef, optionsRef);
// now use queriesRef.value, optionsRef.value
Using the results
Note: Be careful when accessing nodes and do not keep references to them around. Notifications sent to the result from the history and bookmarks system, as well as commands executed by the programmer such as sorting may cause the structure to change and nodes may be inserted, removed, or replaced.
The nsINavHistoryResult object returned by executeQuery/executeQueries contains the list of matches to the given history or bookmarks query. These results are contained in a tree structure made up of nodes. A node's type can be retrieved using its type attribute. This type tells you what interface you can QueryInterface the node to in order to get at more detailed information:
 - nsINavHistoryResultNode: Base class for all nodes. Contains URI, title, and other general info.
 - nsINavHistoryVisitResultNode: Derived from nsINavHistoryResultNode, contains session information.
 - nsINavHistoryFullVisitResultNode: Derived from nsINavHistoryVisitResultNode, contains information about how the user navigated to this page. Note: currently unimplemented, see {{template.Bug(320831)}}.
 - nsINavHistoryContainerResultNode: General container node giving access to its children. Derived from nsINavHistoryResultNode.
 - nsINavHistoryQueryResultNode: A type of container representing a query of the history system. It allows you to get the query options and parameters.
 - nsINavHistoryFolderResultNode: Derived from nsINavHistoryQueryResultNode, this represents a special type of query mapping to the exact contents of one bookmarks folder. It gives easy access to its folder ID, and also updates itself more efficiently than a general query.
Example of detecting the type of a node
var Ci =


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More info about the name "Lucetta"
Lucetta is a diminutive of Lucia, or Lucy. Lucy originates in Latin language and means "light of the day". It is ultimately derived from Lucia, the feminine form of Lucius. Lucy has always been one of the most popular feminine given names in the English-speaking countries and in variant spelling all over the world. Saint Lucy, or Lucia, was the 3rd century Christian martyr and patron saint of the blind. More recently, the famous bearer is the American actress Lucy Liu.


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Updated: Feb 8, 2021
Food processing refers to the method of converting raw materials into edibles in a way that humans and animals can consume them easily. In the run, businesses operating in this domain use a wide variety of food processing equipment. Such equipment is crucial to execute necessary operations during a production cycle effectively.
Mentioned below are different types of food processing equipment that are useful in different situations.
Commercial Butter Churns
Stainless steel butter churns work efficiently in turning cream to butter. Historically, butter churns were large containers usually made of wood where butter was made by turning the staff inserted in from the top in a vertical motion. However, modern-day churns made of stainless steel come with features that make it easy to manufacture butter on a commercial scale.
Anco equipment offers numerous products that aid in the cheese-making process. The stainless steel cheese presses consist of the pneumatic driven control that comes as a standard feature. Additionally, their sizes may range from a single cylinder to around ten cylinders so you can manage your cheese-making operation as efficient as possible. Moreover, if you can't find the ideal size, you can order it to be custom built to fit your needs.
Commercial Cheese Vats
The crucial dairy processing equipment finds its use in the stage where the milk has already been pasteurized. The stainless steel vats manufactured by Anco equipment are easy to install and maintain. Depending on the amount of cheese you plan on producing, the vats are easy to customize. You can even choose the vat's gallon capacity as well as the features to be included.
Anco equipment designs its stainless steel process and mix tank while keeping in mind the need for various industries including dairy, food, chemicals, beverage and cosmetics. Constructed with 304 Stainless Steel, they are resistant against corrosion and will last for a really long time.
With these and several other food processing equipment available at affordable cost, Anco equipment has set a high standard for itself. You can also opt for its equipment to add pace to your food or dairy processing business.


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Jean Shin: The Last Straw
Commissioned by Arts Brookfield
Jean Shin's The Last Straw presents three macro and micro views of plastic waste, featuring different configurations and perspectives of colorful straws and reflective material. A poignant part of the installation includes scattered piles of straws in the distance, which map the flow of plastic debris from our coastlines into the gigantic concentration of garbage floating in the ocean. The artwork encourages viewers to contemplate their own plastic consumption and question the ecological impact of consumer behavior in contributing to plastic pollution.
While acknowledging the Straw Ban represents only a tiny fragment of the problem in slowing down the flood of plastics into our marine environment, Jean Shin's artwork aims to prompt us to better understand the magnitude and urgency of the environmental dilemma facing our planet.
"The straw that broke the camel's back" is the familiar phrase said when a small and seemingly insignificant addition to an existing burden renders it too much to bear. What is "the last straw" in our ecological crisis? What would our future look like when we individually and collectively decide that we will no longer accept the status quo? How do we stop the first straw from being produced and get to the source of the problem?
Floating MAiZE and The Last Straw are curated by Kendal Henry for Brookfield Place. Henry is an artist and curator who has specialized in the field of public art for nearly thirty years, and the Director of the New York City Department of Cultural Affairs Percent for Art Program.
Click here to learn more about Jean Shin's FLOATING MAiZE, also at Brookfield Place.
Co-presented with Arts Brookfield and Lower Manhattan Cultural Council (LMCC) as part of River To River 2020: Four Voices.
ABOUT THE ARTIST:
Jean Shin is recognized for her monumental installations that transform everyday objects into elegant expressions of identity and community engagement. Her work has been widely exhibited in over 150 major museums and cultural institutions including at The Museum of Modern Art in New York and Storm King Art Center. Born in Seoul, South Korea and raised in the United States, Shin lives and works in Brooklyn, NY.
A public program of Lower Manhattan Cultural Council (LMCC), River To River is Downtown New York City's completely free summer arts festival. River To River celebrates artistic and creative diversity across disciplines, presenting live art and installation in public spaces and in partnership with leading institutions in Lower Manhattan. All events are free and all are welcome.


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The Celebration of Reconciliation
In Chapter 16 the students learn about the celebration of the sacrament of Reconciliation and the Rite of Reconciliation for several and individual penitents.
- Click here for the Chapter 16 activity.
Distribute the activity sheets. Read the directions aloud. Using a paper clip and the tip of a pen or pencil, demonstrate how to make the spinner for the game. Encourage the students to use their We Believe texts to help them write their questions for the "Wheel of Reconciliation" game. Give the students time to complete the each part of the "wheel" with a question about the sacrament of Reconciliation. Then, have students work with a partner to play the game. Partners should exchange "wheels" and take turns by "spinning" and recording their answers. When all questions have been answered on each "wheel" ask the partners to use their We Believe texts to help score and tally each others' answers. Correct answers are worth one point.
Answers will vary.
Multiple Intelligences: Linguistic, Bodily/Kinesthetic, Interpersonal, Logical/Mathematical


Garcinia – What Is It And How Does It Help?
Garcinia is a fruit that comes from a tree that goes by several different colloquial terms, such as Mangosteen (Purple Mangosteen, wild mangosteen, or red mango) Saptree.
It is also known in some places as the monkey fruit and kokum as well. The fruit is known to have several uses as flavoring for food, for medicinal uses and industrial uses. Traditional people have long used this as a preservative and as a vital ingredient for special tart curries.


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HBK Engineering is seeking highly motivated and talented individuals for 2022 Summer Engineering Intern positions. Our firm offers an excellent learning environment for students allowing them to gain hands-on field and design experience. Engineering Interns at HBK are considered an integral part of the company and are provided with tasks that are both technically challenging and educationally stimulating.
This position offers the opportunity to be part of a project team consisting of professional engineers, project engineers and designers who are involved in the design, modification, and analysis of new and existing utility systems.
- Work on challenging assignments that include investigating, trouble-shooting, and solving a wide variety of civil engineering related issues.
- Work with a team lead in the coordination of detailed design phases for all aspects of civil engineering work.
- Perform designs for utility infrastructure using subsurface utility engineering ("SUE") guidelines.
- Perform designs for civil site grading and drainage.
- Assist in leading efforts to ensure projects are completed satisfactorily, on time, and within budget.
- Coordinate design activities to ensure installation and operations will comply with specifications, codes and client requirements.
- Interface with vendors to prepare materials.
- Prepare reports and studies that present technical information in a clear and concise manner and meet client requirements.
- Pursuit of Bachelor's engineering degree from an accredited institution with at least one-year of post-secondary education.
- Excellent verbal and written communication skills.
- Strong problem solving and analytical skills.
- Working knowledge of computer application software (training will be provided if needed)
- Organized and able to work in a fast-paced environment.
- Work independently with minimal supervision.
Valued but not required skills and experience:
- Minimum of a 3.0 GPA strongly preferred.
- Prior internship and/or related consulting experience.
- Involvement on campus or in the community.
- Flexible and able to work overtime when required.
- Demonstrated leadership skills.
- Experience with AutoCAD, MicroStation, and Microsoft Office Suite.
- Surveying experience.
Offers contingent upon satisfactory results from our standard background check and receipt of results of a satisfactory drug screening test from a location specified by HBK.


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Mango Kush Full Spectrum Terpene Blend
- Reg. Certificates-FMK
A top seller in the category, this light yet fruity blend is an incredible representation of the strain.
How to Use Terpenes
Use 1%-5% by weight
Warm up your concentrate as you normally would. Calculate how much terpenes you will need to use, by weight. Always measure by weight, and never by the drop. We will use an example of a 100g batch, and our average add back rate of 4%. Using a calculator, input 100 x 0.04 (4%). You should get an answer of 4 grams.
1. WARM MATERIAL AND CALCULATE ADD BACK RATE
Remove your concentrate from heat and allow it to cool down enough so that you can still manipulate it. Concentrates should at the very most be 100°F at the time of adding terpenes.
2. ALLOW MATERIAL TO COOL
Take a pyrex beaker and a scale that is accurate to at least 0.00 decimal places. Place the beaker on the scale, and using the same example of 4% usage in a 100g batch, carefully weigh out 4g of terpenes, using a disposable plastic pipette. Set aside in preparation for mixing.
3. WEIGH TERPENES
Once your material is at 100°F or less, it is time to add back the 4g of terpenes. Pour them into the concentrate, and using either a magnetic stir bar or a hand tool, mix the solution for up to 20 minutes.
4. ADD AND MIX
Many people make the mistake of tasting the product right after mixing. It is always better to let the solution sit for 24 hours. Once it has steeped for a day, and it has passed your visual test, you may apply it to whichever end product the material is going into and give it an official taste test.
5. WAIT AND TASTE
Once you are satisfied with your end product, it is ready to go into production. If this is the first time you have developed this product, be sure to document your add back rate for each terpene product for future use. Always store your finished product between 60° and 75°F. This will help prevent separation, crystallization, and oxidation.
Does NOT contain THC or CBD as all of our products are botanically derived from plants and NOT cannabis or hemp.


Is Quartz a Master Healing Crystal?
Healing Crystals 101: Quartz (Woo-Woo Optional)
Crystals are said to contain metaphysical properties that can align your chakras and heal your body in ways you could never imagine. Curious? Consider this an introduction to quartz's many rumored properties.
Quartz History
Stone quartz is considered one of the most powerful healing crystals and is also one of the most commonly known. Quartz contains all the colors of the spectrum when held to the light.
Quartz Forms
Quartz comes in two different forms: macrocrystalline quartz and cryptocrystalline quartz (or microcrystalline quartz). Macrocrystalline quart is made of visible crystals or grains, such as in smoky quartz, rose quartz, and quartz grains in sandstone. Cryptocrystalline quartz is comprised of a dense and compact accumulation of microscopic quartz crystals and crystallites, such as in flint, agate, and radiolarite chert.
The Gist of Healing Crystals
The healing benefits of crystals, including quartz, come down to the stones' unique composition. Because of the way they are structured, crystals like quartz respond to the input of all kinds of energies surrounding them, causing the crystals to oscillate and emit specific vibratory frequencies. The crystal matrix is balanced and orderly, so the energy it gives off stays consistent – when dissonant energy is put into the crystal, that energy becomes balanced and harmonic.
Crystal enthusiasts say that this balancing of energies is why crystals are healing to the body and its chakra: crystals take what is "off" and bring it back into harmony. Of course, none of the healing benefits of quartz and other crystals are scientifically proven. That's the clincher. Even so, it hasn't put the crystal industry out of business, if the recent shenanigans of Spencer Pratt are anything to judge by.
And, indeed, there's something to be said of ancient traditional practices. If healing crystals have withstood centuries, there must be something there.
Quartz Benefits
If you ask an experienced crystal collector and/or crystology practitioner, you'll likely be suggested to purchase clear quartz as your first stone. The silicon and oxygen-containing crystal is considered a "master healer" that can be used to treat just about any condition. It's the go-to crystal.
Clear quartz is said to balance and revitalize the physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual planes as well as to cleanse the organs and soul, enhance psychic abilities, aid in concentration, boost memory, and stimulate the immune system.
How to Use Quartz
There are many ways to employ quartz into your everyday life. Here are four basic ways to start:
1. Keep a quartz crystal with you
Wear quartz in a pouch around your neck or as part of your jewelry. You could also keep the crystal in your pocket.
2. Sleep with quartz at night
Hold a quartz crystal in your hand while you sleep or tuck it under your pillow.
3. Target a chakra
Clear quartz connects you to the spiritual aspects of life, so placing the crystal on your head (standing up) or forehead (lying down), near your pineal gland, best activates and opens your crown chakra.
How to Care for Quartz
To benefit from quartz, it is important to keep the stone clean. In fact, many take the cleansing of crystals as seriously as they do their application.
Here's how to clean your quartz crystals:
1. Wash them thoroughly under faucet water.
2. Lay them out just after sunset, somewhere where they will get direct moonlight.
3. Let the crystals stay out just through sunrise. It is important they receive sun, but not too much.
4. Charge crystals with your intentions. As you transfer your crystals to their usual resting place, imagine your intentions or even say them out loud. Charge them with whatever emotion you hope to cultivate in your life, such as love, forgiveness, awareness, health, and so on.
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