Connect the VGA output of the AV Tool converter to the input VGA on the
 eMagin control box (this is the VGA port directly next to the microphone
 input.)
 4. Connect the composite video output from your camera source to the
 composite input on the AV Tool converter.
 5. Test the video feed on the headset before moving forward.
 Note: The AV Tool converter needs to be setup to output a signal that the
 video goggles can display. If the goggles do not display and image make
 sure the led on the eMagin control box is green and the AV Tool converter
 is on. If you still only see a black image perform the following steps.
 1. Press the menu button on the AV Tool
 2. Go to Output Setup
 3. Then Set to SGA
 4. Also make sure that the input is set to C-Video
 Page 13
Centering the Headset
Due to the nature of the head tracking sensors, drift in the center points will occur
over time. In order to reset the system press the center button on the main
screen. This will return the camera to the center position that you set during
ServoCommander setup. When you release the buttons the center point of the
headset will also be reset to its current position; look forward in a natural position
while holding down the center button.
If you are using a joystick, the headset can also be centered by button presses.
Under the Input device settings choose the desired button, press and hold.
Wherever the green box appears, select "Center HMD" from the drop down menu
to map the center function to the particular button.
 Page 14
Analog Reader and Analog Reader 2
ServoCommander will see the analog reader inputs as a Direct Input joystick.
Setup for the Analog Reader and Analog Reader 2 are the same as a standard
joystick. See page 9 for joystick setup instructions.
 Page 15
ServoCommander Setup
 1. Place the ServoCommander CD in your PC and follow the setup
 instructions.
 2. Double click the ServoCommander shortcut. If any errors occur while
 starting run setup again and be sure to install all supporting files and
 restart your computer.
 3. Make sure all devices are powered on and connected before starting the
 software. Each device will appear with green boxes next to the name if the
 device is present. Red boxes will indicate the device is unavailable to the
 ServoCommander software. If the device is connected to the PC after the
 ServoCommander software has been started the application must be re-
 started in order to recognize the device.
 ServoCommander on startup
 Page 16
End and Mid points
End-point and center point values that have not been set will appear in red. The
mid points and end points for each channel must be set before communication to
the transmitter (PCTx) or 25 Servo Controller will begin. Assigning these values
is important in preventing a servo from moving past its maximum travel positions
and in turn damaging the servo or the model as well as preventing an electronic
speed control and motor from spinning faster than needed. The values can be
set by pressing the set button corresponding to left, right, and middle positions.
The text will change and appear black when set. All 9 (PCTx) or 25 channels (25
Servo Controller) must be set in order to start the communication with the model.
Note: To save setup time in the future you can save and load profiles by going to
File -> Save. Saved settings can also be loaded from the File menu.
 Page 17
Mixing and Multiple Channel Output
The ServoCommander software also allows the setting of multiple servo/ESC
outputs for the same line of control. Servos/ESC‟s can also be set for rotation
direction and delay independently to provide mixing features most commonly
used in R/C planes and helicopters. Multiple channels can be set by clicking the
Mix Settings button under each channel tab. The current channel will show up as
disabled. Checking any of the 24 boxes will set the same line of control to the
selected channel.
 Mix Settings
A mixed channel will retain the settings found it its tab on the main screen.
Inverting, delay, and mid/end points will still be applied to that channel only.
Using these settings the user can select the proper movement that is required for
the particular use. Mixing will only be applied when the software has been
started.
For example, to set aileron channels for an airplane, channels 1 and 2 could be
mixed together. The channel that is mixed with the other does not matter just as
long as the opposite settings are applied to each channel. If channel 1 was mixed
with channel 2, channel 2‟s movement should be set as inverted while channel
one set to normal creating opposite servo movement for each wing.
 Page 18
Tank Control
The Tank Control feature allows for one to setup a joystick to operate a robot or
tank naturally. To setup Tank Control have a previously setup joystick or input
device
 1. Identify an axis control to be assigned to the throttle and steering controls.
 A joystick axis or mouse will work fine for this. Something like a button
 without a full range of control will not work correctly.
 2. Open the Tank Control dialog from the Edit menu.
 3. Assign the throttle and steering channels like in the screen shot below.
 ServoCommander Tank Control Settings
 4. Move the dead zone sliders if desired. The dead zone will create an area
 where joystick movement is disabled which allows the user greater control
 of the tank or robot.
 5. Enable the Tank Control settings by checking the Enabled checkbox and
 saving the settings.
 6. The dialog can be left open to view tank setting data while running or
 closed.
 Page 19
Profiles
User profiles can be saved and loaded from the File menu. All user settings will
be saved in this file to allow for quick loading in the future.
Multiple profiles complete with different model setting data and input device data
can be saved and imported in seconds.
The file saved will include an .erc extension however the file is plain text and can
be edited outside of ServoCommander with a text editor if desired however
values and their positions are not published at this time.
 Page 20
Sensitivity
Channel sensitivity should not be confused with channel delay. While channel
delay will slow down the actual movement of the servo, the sensitivity setting will
allow a joystick axis for example to be moved in a much further direction to
achieve the same movement. Again, move the slider bar on the corresponding
channel to set the sensitivity. Sensitivity can be adjusted from 1-500% of the
current value.
 Page 21
Inverting
If the servo needs to be reversed you can set its direction by checking the
"Invert" option on the corresponding channel tab. If the channel is set to a joystick
or mouse button you will notice the servo change from one end-point to the other
immediately after inverting. Axes, dials, sliders, mouse positions will reverse
direction from the center point value. Inverting options can be set while
ServoCommander is sending data to the transmitter or servo controller for on-
the-fly adjustments.
 Page 22
Delay
A delay effect can be set for each channel by moving the delay slider on each
channel. This will allow servo motion to be slowed down or ESC throttle action to
be delayed for such items as landing gear. Move the slider bar on the
corresponding channel to set the delay.
 Page 23
Web Setup
 1. The ServoCommander software allows data to be sent to a remote PC
 running the Server software. A PCTx or 25 Servo Controller must be
 connected to the remote PC. The Server software is open source and can
 be downloaded from _URL_
 Server
 2. After the server has been started, start ServoCommander and load a
 saved profile or enter new end and mid point settings. For the "Output
 Device Location" select "Remote" from the location combo box. Under the
 IP setting, enter the IP displayed on the server application and click
 connect. Click the start button to start sending data to the server.
 Page 24
Web Connection Errors
If any error messages display or ServoCommander fails to connect to the server
your remote PC may be behind a firewall. In this case disable the firewall on port
81 and repeat. If errors persist you be behind a router and need to enable port
forwarding. See your router‟s instructions for details on how to enable port
forwarding.
 Page 25
Running ServoCommander
Once values are set or loaded click select the Output Device Location and click
Start. All mid and end point settings will be locked in while started. If a value is
not set the software will not be allowed to start operation and an error message
will display. Press stop to return to setup mode to adjust these values if
necessary.
 Page 26
Custom Tab Names
ServoCommander allows for the customization of tabs name. To change a tab
name select any channel and click the Edit Tab Name button. Change the name
and click save when done. Custom tab names are saved in user profiles.
 Page 27
Reverse at mid
In certain situations it may be useful to allow servo rotation in only one direction
from the center point. IE: if a servo was mapped to joystick axis 1, moving the
joystick left will rotate the servo left and moving the joystick right will move the
servo left.
To enable the reverse at mid function check the Reverse at mid check box within
a channel tab. Reverse the channel as necessary.
 Page 28
Hide Label
The ServoCommander logo can be removed to create a smaller footprint. To
hide the label, choose Edit Hide Logo. This function can also be combined with
Wide View


Trenchers Utah Excavation
The most obvious use of trenchers is to create a trench, of course. But, this kind of machinery also has many other uses and here at Utah Excavation, we make the most out of it for different construction projects.
What are Trenchers?
A trencher is a piece of equipment for earthmoving that uses a teethed metal chain made of high strength steel for ripping into the ground just like the way chainsaws do into trees.
Just like excavators, trenchers rip the soil up as well as the roots that are in the way to form a trench. Manually digging trenches could take several workers and hours to complete. Thanks to this equipment, it is possible to cut down the number of people and amount of time required for finishing the project.
Trenchers and Their Different Types
Ride-on trenchers or walk-behind trenchers are the two types you can choose from. Portable trenchers or walk-behind trenchers make it easier to dig trenches even in more narrow spaces. A ride-on trencher can give higher performance and even cover more digging depths unlike their walk-behind counterparts.
Chain trenchers and wheel trenchers are the two types that you can find today:
Chain trenchers are trenchers designed like chainsaws. This trencher makes use of a digging chain or belt for cutting the ground. The belt wraps around the metal frame or boom and can be adjusted for controlling the cut's depth. The bucket-type excavator helps in cutting hard ground. Their flexibility allows chain trenchers to cut deep and narrow trenches for the utility companies.
On the other hand, wheel trenchers feature toothed metal wheel that can be used for soft or hard soils. A wheel trencher works best in places with numerous rock formations. These trenchers that are also known as rockwheels can cut pavement and form access beneath the roads for the utility companies.
These feature 6 to 8 cutting elements in the wheel and the design lets the wheel cut at different depths. Ejectors and spacers move away excavated materials from the edges of the trench.
Common Uses of Trenchers
Forming drainage
Use chain trenchers to form drainage trenches for sewage or water runoff to save time and money required for digging several feet of soil.
Cutting pavement
Wheel trenchers can be used for cutting through concrete, pavement or rock. These can be operated on difficult ground conditions and create straight and clean trenches.
Digging for the electrical wires
Chain trenchers can come in handy for digging underground for telecommunication or electrical wires from power poles to households.
For homeowners who want to save themselves from long hours of tiresome shoveling that can result to blistered hands, smaller walk-behind trenchers have the ability in reducing the time required to finish the project.
Snipping roots
Aside from cutting concrete and forming rows in the soil, a portable trencher features a blade that can act as a rotary mower blade that can sever roots. When working the soil and roots are discovered, the chain blade of the trencher should be held place as the blade spins. Inch the blade forward little by little and allow the blade to snip the roots.


two bodies constant.
Parameters
Name Type Argument Default Description
bodyA Phaser.Sprite | Phaser.Physics.P2.Body | p2.Body
First connected body.
bodyB Phaser.Sprite | Phaser.Physics.P2.Body | p2.Body
Second connected body.
angle number <optional>
0
The relative angle
ratio number <optional>
1
The gear ratio.
Returns
Source code: physics/p2/World.js (Line 1007)
createLockConstraint(bodyA, bodyB, offset, angle, maxForce) → {Phaser.Physics.P2.LockConstraint}
Locks the relative position between two bodies.
Parameters
Name Type Argument Default Description
bodyA Phaser.Sprite | Phaser.Physics.P2.Body | p2.Body
First connected body.
bodyB Phaser.Sprite | Phaser.Physics.P2.Body | p2.Body
Second connected body.
offset Array <optional>
The offset of bodyB in bodyA's frame. The value is an array with 2 elements matching x and y, i.e: [32, 32].
angle number <optional>
0
The angle of bodyB in bodyA's frame.
maxForce number <optional>
The maximum force that should be applied to constrain the bodies.
Returns
Source code: physics/p2/World.js (Line 1062)
createMaterial(name, body) → {Phaser.Physics.P2.Material}
Creates a Material. Materials are applied to Shapes owned by a Body and can be set with Body.setMaterial().
Materials are a way to control what happens when Shapes collide. Combine unique Materials together to create Contact Materials.
Contact Materials have properties such as friction and restitution that allow for fine-grained collision control between different Materials.
Parameters
Name Type Argument Description
name string <optional>
Optional name of the Material. Each Material has a unique ID but string names are handy for debugging.
body Phaser.Physics.P2.Body <optional>
Optional Body. If given it will assign the newly created Material to the Body shapes.
Returns
The Material that was created. This is also stored in Phaser.Physics.P2.materials.
Source code: physics/p2/World.js (Line 1219)
createParticle(x, y, mass, addToWorld, options, points)
Creates a new Particle and adds it to the World.
Parameters
Name Type Argument Default Description
x number
The x coordinate of Body.
y number
The y coordinate of Body.
mass number
The mass of the Body. A mass of 0 means a 'static' Body is created.
addToWorld boolean <optional>
false
Automatically add this Body to the world? (usually false as it won't have any shapes on construction).
options object
An object containing the build options:
Properties
Name Type Argument Default Description
optimalDecomp boolean <optional>
false
Set to true if you need optimal decomposition. Warning: very slow for polygons with more than 10 vertices.
skipSimpleCheck boolean <optional>
false
Set to true if you already know that the path is not intersecting itself.
removeCollinearPoints boolean | number <optional>
false
Set to a number (angle threshold value) to remove collinear points, or false to keep all points.
points Array.<number> | number
An array of 2d vectors that form the convex or concave polygon.
Either [[0,0], [0,1],...] or a flat array of numbers that will be interpreted as [x,y, x,y, ...],
or the arguments passed can be flat x,y values e.g. setPolygon(options, x,y, x,y, x,y, ...) where x and y are numbers.
Source code: physics/p2/World.js (Line 1584)
createPrismaticConstraint(bodyA, bodyB, lockRotation, anchorA, anchorB, axis, maxForce) → {Phaser.Physics.P2.PrismaticConstraint}
Constraint that only allows bodies to move along a line, relative to each other.
See _URL_
Parameters
Name Type Argument Default Description
bodyA Phaser.Sprite | Phaser.Physics.P2.Body | p2.Body
First connected body.
bodyB Phaser.Sprite | Phaser.Physics.P2.Body | p2.Body
Second connected body.
lockRotation boolean <optional>
true
If set to false, bodyB will be free to rotate around its anchor point.
anchorA Array <optional>
Body A's anchor point, defined in its own local frame. The value is an array with 2 elements matching x and y, i.e: [32, 32].
anchorB Array <optional>
Body A's anchor point, defined in its own local frame. The value is an array with 2 elements matching x and y, i.e: [32, 32].
axis Array <optional>
An axis, defined in body A frame, that body B's anchor point may slide along. The value is an array with 2 elements matching x and y, i.e: [32, 32].
maxForce number <optional>
The maximum force that should be applied to constrain the bodies.
Returns
Source code: physics/p2/World.js (Line 1089)
createRevoluteConstraint(bodyA, pivotA, bodyB, pivotB, maxForce, worldPivot) → {Phaser.Physics.P2.RevoluteConstraint}
Connects two bodies at given offset points, letting them rotate relative to each other around this point.
The pivot points are given in world (pixel) coordinates.
Parameters
Name Type Argument Default Description
bodyA Phaser.Sprite | Phaser.Physics.P2.Body | p2.Body
First connected body.
pivotA Array
The point relative to the center of mass of bodyA which bodyA is constrained to. The value is an array with 2 elements matching x and y, i.e: [32, 32].
bodyB Phaser.Sprite | Phaser.Physics.P2.Body | p2.Body
Second connected body.
pivotB Array
The point relative to the center of mass of bodyB which bodyB is constrained to. The value is an array with 2 elements matching x and y, i.e: [32, 32].
maxForce number <optional>
0
The maximum force that should be applied to constrain the bodies.
worldPivot Float32Array <optional>
null
A pivot point given in world coordinates. If specified, localPivotA and localPivotB are automatically computed from this value.
Returns
Source code: physics/p2/World.js (Line 1033)
createRotationalSpring(bodyA, bodyB, restAngle, stiffness, damping) → {Phaser.Physics.P2.RotationalSpring}
Creates a rotational spring, connecting two bodies. A spring can have a resting length, a stiffness and damping.
Parameters
Name Type Argument Default Description
bodyA Phaser.Sprite | Phaser.Physics.P2.Body | p2.Body
First connected body.
bodyB Phaser.Sprite | Phaser.Physics.P2.Body | p2.Body
Second connected body.
restAngle number <optional>
The relative angle of bodies at which the spring is at rest. If not given, it's set to the current relative angle between the bodies.
stiffness number <optional>
100
Stiffness of the spring. A number >= 0.
damping number <optional>
1
Damping of the spring. A number >= 0.
Returns
Source code: physics/p2/World.js (Line 1515)
createSpring(bodyA, bodyB, restLength, stiffness, damping, worldA, worldB, localA, localB) → {Phaser.Physics.P2.Spring}
Creates a linear spring, connecting two bodies. A spring can have a resting length, a stiffness and damping.
Parameters
Name Type Argument Default Description
bodyA Phaser.Sprite | Phaser.Physics.P2.Body | p2.Body
First connected body.
bodyB Phaser.Sprite | Phaser.Physics.P2.Body | p2.Body
Second connected body.
restLength number <optional>
1
Rest length of the spring. A number > 0.
stiffness number <optional>
100
Stiffness of the spring. A number >= 0.
damping number <optional>
1
Damping of the spring. A number >= 0.
worldA Array <optional>
Where to hook the spring to body A in world coordinates. This value is an array by 2 elements, x and y, i.e: [32, 32].
worldB Array <optional>
Where to hook the spring to body B in world coordinates. This value is an array by 2 elements, x and y, i.e: [32, 32].
localA Array <optional>
Where to hook the spring to body A in local body coordinates. This value is an array by 2 elements, x and y, i.e: [32, 32].
localB Array <optional>
Where to hook the spring to body B in local body coordinates. This


Red Blends
By definition, blending wine simply means you are combining two or more wines to create a new one. There are several reasons why a winemaker might want to blend wines: To enhance aroma, To improve the colour, To add or minimize flavors and tastes, To adjust the pH of a wine, To lower or raise acidity To raise or lower alcohol levels, To adjust the sweetness of a wine, To correct a wine with too much oak flavour, To raise or lower levels of tannin. Wikipedia
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text:
Taking Reading Performance
to the Next Level
K-D Reading Acceleration Program significantly improves reading performance by teaching children the physical act of reading
What is K-D Reading Acceleration Program?
Accurate and efficient eye movements are essential to develop strong and confident readers. When younger children are learning how to read, they have imprecise eye movements – in which eyes must reread text – resulting in slower performance and reading rates. Eye movements are learned motor skills that, like other complex motor skills, take practice and develop with age.
The King-Devick Reading Acceleration Program (K-D RAP), a simple web-based program, helps children learn how to move their eyes effectively by practicing the physical act of reading.
Over 90% of all children enrolled in K-D RAP significantly improved reading fluency and comprehension in as little as six weeks
"Kelsey practiced with RAP often which helped her improve her reading fluency. She is excited to be a faster reader and is getting better each day."
"I like this because I get to see my progress. My highest practice speed has been 50 npm. I am not moving my head as much while I read!"
"Sabrina is able to follow lines without using her finger. She is able to read the right line without jumping around after practicing with the Reading Acceleration Program. Sabrina loved doing RAP, and she continues to practice beyond the initial 6 weeks!"
"Aaliyah has been practicing at home for 3 weeks and enjoys RAP way more than her school work!"
Why K-D RAP?
Why Teaching Children the Physical Act of Reading is Important
According to the NAEP, 63% of 4th graders are NOT proficient readers
By the end of 3rd grade, children transition from learning to read to reading to learn
K-D RAP is Simple and Easy to
Navigate for All Users
When children use K-D RAP, they are tasked to read aloud dynamically presented number targets as quickly and accurately as possible. Speed settings are easily adjusted and increased with ongoing practice.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Although known for their nutrition value, dry fruits can cause severe damage to your oral health. A lot of people eat them especially during the winter thinking that they are healthy snacks. Little do they know that these snacks are capable of damaging tooth enamel and causing problems to dental health.
Here are some reasons how dried fruit can be risky for your teeth health.
They Are Sugary
- Dried fruits are prepared in two different ways. The first is sun-drying and controlled drying which takes about five days to yield perfect results. The other method, industrially drying is more common because of how fast it can yield results.
The main purpose of drying the fruits is to drain the water from them so that sugar is concentrated. In the process of drying, the fruits attain 7 times more sugar than their fresh form. Moreover, most dried snacks that you buy from a local grocery don't have vitamin C.
- Sometimes lemon or lime juice is also added to the mix simply to increase the percentage of the vitamin. This step also lowers the pH level, making dried fruit acidic. So in simple terms, dried fruit has more amount of sugar and acid content than fresh fruit, both of which are dangerous for the teeth.
What Kind of Damage Does Dry Fruit Cause to Teeth?
Dried fruits can cause a variety of dental problems. Here are some of the most common ones.
- Teeth discoloration. When fruits are dried, they can lose much of their natural color. Thus artificial colors have to be added to make them more appealing. Companies usually use food colorings made from mango, plums, or papaya. These can stain your teeth.
- Secretion injury. Non-organic dry fruits can decrease the natural saliva secretion of the mouth. Saliva is very important since it helps fight back bacteria that can lead to tooth decay. Reduced saliva means more bacterial activity in the mouth hence more oral health problems.
- Broken teeth. Some dry fruits are very sticky and chewing on them carelessly can lead to the removal of dental fillings and even teeth breaking and cracking. Fruits like nuts, pineapple, peanuts, and almonds can cause your teeth to break or chip. Chew them carefully and patiently.
- Caries. These fruits have sugar levels 7 times higher than fresh fruits. Since most of them are also sticky in nature, they can easily stick between the teeth and can lead to the formation of cavities.
In order to protect your teeth from potential damage, we highly recommend that you control the amount of dried fruit you eat. Brush and floss your teeth immediately after you have eaten a dried fruit that has high acidity and is sticky in nature.
- Eating dried fruits is not recommended if you have dental fillings. Try fruit juice, fresh fruits, and vegetables as alternatives. Should you still end up eating them, rinse them with water immediately.
Visit our dentists today for a routine dental checkup and learn if your teeth are in the right health to eat dried fruits.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


[翻译字幕]Words and Their Stories: Bigwig
来源：慢速英语 时间：2012-04-08 08:00:41
Now, the VOA Special English program WORDS AND THEIR STORIES.
Some expressions describe people who are important, or who at least think they are. One such expression is bigwig.
In the seventeenth century, important men in Europe began to wear false hair, called wigs. As years passed, wigs began to get bigger. The size of a man's wig depended on how important he was. The more important he was -- or thought he was -- the bigger the wig he wore. Some wigs were so large they covered a man's shoulders or back.
Today, the expression bigwig is used to make fun of a person who feels important. People never tell someone he is a bigwig. They only use the expression behind his back.
Big wheel is another way to describe an important person. A big wheel may be the head of a company, a political leader, a famous movie star. They are big wheels because they are powerful. What they do affects many people. Big wheels give the orders. Other people carry them out. As in many machines, a big wheel makes the little wheels turn.
Big wheel是另外一种描述重要人物的方式。Big wheel可能是公司负责人、政治领袖、或著名影星。他们是Big wheel，因为他们极具影响力。他们的所作所为能够影响很多人。Big wheels下达命令，其他人来贯彻落实。就像在许多机器中，大轮带动小轮转。
Big wheel [became] a popular expression after World War Two. It probably comes from an expression used for many years by people who fix parts of cars and trucks. They said a person rolled a big wheel if he was important and had influence.
二战后，Big wheel变成一个常用表达，它可能源于轿车或卡车修理工人使用了很多年的一种说法。这些工人称，如果一个人很重要而且有影响力，就由他来转动大轮。
The top of something is the highest part. So it is not surprising that top is part of another expression that describes an important person. The expression is top banana. A top banana is the leading person in a comedy show. The funniest comedian is called the top banana. The next is second banana. And so on.
某个物体的顶部是最高的部分，所以top是另一个描述重要人物的短语的一部分，这并不奇怪。这个短语就是top banana。Top Banana是喜剧中的主角。最有趣的喜剧演员被称为top banana，接下来就是second banana。以此类推。
Why a banana? A comedy act in earlier days often included a part where one of the comedians would hit the others over the head with a soft object. The object was shaped like the yellow fruit: the banana.
Top banana still is used mainly in show business. Yet the expression can also be used to describe the top person in any area.
Top banana仍主要用于娱乐行业。然而，这个短语还可以用来形容任何领域的重要人物。
A kingpin is another word for an important person. The expression comes from the game of bowling. The kingpin is the number one pin. If hit correctly with the bowling ball, the kingpin will make all the other nine pins fall. And that is the object of the game.
So, the most important person in a project or business is the kingpin. If the kingpin is removed, the business or project is likely to fail.
Kingpin is often used to describe an important criminal, or the leader of a criminal gang. A newspaper may report, for example, that police have arrested the suspected kingpin of a car-stealing operation.
This VOA Special English program, WORDS AND THEIR STORIES, was written by Marilyn Christiano. I'm Warren Scheer.


text:
There is a YouTube video of synchronized swimmer Mary Killman performing what is called a Rocket maneuver to the song "Johnny B. Goode" as part of her final solo at the 2011 synchronized swimming world championships in Shanghai. Killman, who will compete in this summer's Olympics, says it is one of her favorite figures, and she can do some of the highest Rocket maneuvers worldwide. Submerged, laying on her back, with her legs held straight above her she forms a perfect floating right angle. Gracefully she moves towards the surface, almost like an illusion as if something or someone is pushing her up from below. Suddenly she bursts legs first, kicking high up and out of the water, flips over and emerges again arm raised like she is now being pulled up from above.
Synchronized swimming, or synchro, as it is often called, is a unique, beautiful hybrid form of swimming, dance and gymnastics. Swimmers are often vertical and upside down with their legs above the surface, performing spins, splits and other movements all which require exceptional strength, flexibility and breath control. Swimmers are not permitted to touch the bottom of the pool and using arm motions ("sculling") and leg kicking ("eggbeaters"), depend completely on their own strength and stamina to stay afloat. The choreographed routines swimmers perform are composed of complex leg movements and arm strokes that incorporate an elaborate series of lifts and throws.
Accompanied by music, the figures and maneuvers performed above and underwater combine split-second timing, precision and grace. The music and its interpretation is an amalgam of artistic expression and sheer athleticism. Because half of what happens in synchronized swimming is done underwater, the audience is blind to the much of the mechanics used by and the strength of the athletes. That, combined with their smiling faces has led many to conclude that the sport requires little of either. During a particularly aerobic four minute routine, a synchronized swimmer may spend more than a minute underwater without coming up for air and more than two and one half minutes cumulative underwater.
Killman says her teammates use the expression "fake it till you make it" to describe the effort to push past the urge to breathe. "You are underwater and you feel like you are going to pass out, your muscles are tired aching all you want to do is lay on your back but you have to come up and perform. With a big smile on your face…That's part of the sport. That's what you have to do. The easier you make it look the better you are doing."
After more than half a century of tireless advocacy from pioneering coaches and swimmers, the sport of synchronized swimming formerly known as water ballet, officially debuted at the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles. Fifty women from 21 countries competed, with Esther Williams—the indelible synchro pop-culture icon—providing the televised commentary.
It was the United States that originally dominated synchronized swimming and during the first three Olympiads the US Team along with Canada won all the gold Olympic medals awarded in the sport. But in 2000, Russia won gold medals in both the duet and team competitions,and the US none. In 2004 the US came back to win bronze medals in both the duet and team competition but since 2000 it is Russia that has won every gold. This year with eight team spots available (and one of those reserved for the host country) the US team did not qualify to compete.
"Usually it's like every four years synchro is this huge thing because of the Olympics," says Cheryl Furjanic, who directed and produced the documentary film, Sync or Swim, the story of the U.S. synchronized swimming team's journey to the 2004 Olympics, "I think that it's going to be a little bit of a difficult thing for the U.S. to come back from. Just in terms of keeping their numbers up and keeping the interest and the visibility going."
- The Peacock's Unearned Strut
- A Handball Nation with a Basketball Problem
- Hog Wild
- When Right Field Was Home Plate: The Ichiro Suzuki Era
- Yakkin' About Baseball: Ichiro Goes To Dave and Buster's
Today Mary Killman and her duet team partner Mariya Koroleva make up the United States great wet hope for Olympic synchronized swimming success. This summer in London, the U.S. synchronized swimming duet team will compete along with 24 other pairings from around the world but for the first time since 2000, the United States synchronized swimming team will not. For an Olympic sport that is relatively new and has struggled for decades to gain recognition, synchronized swimming in the United States now appears to be in danger of going under.
The reasons behind the United States' inability to qualify for the Olympic team competition are not just issues with athletic ability but with the changing aesthetic of the sport overall, which increasingly placed value upon and emphasized its athletic and gymnastic side and less so its artistic impression—the component of judging a routine that includes choreography, interpretation of music and presentation. This, combined with fewer girls coming up in the sport and the seemingly irreversible dominance of the Russians, has created a perfect storm that could sink the sport in the U.S.
"We are still out there performing with huge smiles on our faces, and we have sequins and glitter," says Killman, "but it's gotten a lot faster. It's gotten more—how fast can you do this and still be just as high or how high can you throw someone out of the water and how acrobatic can they look?"
Mary Killman says she considers herself more of an athlete than a performer, but her favorite part of the sport remains the choreography. "I like the choreography phase of everything. When you first get the music and it's raw. All you have is a piece of music, and you have to sit there in the water and go okay, what does this sound like? Does this sound like a spin, does it sound like a really high rocket, flexibility, like a crash? Does this feel like a lift?" Synchro swimmers also must make their routines look effortless. "Compared to a track athlete," Killman says, "who is running as hard as they can and you see the sweat pouring down their face at the end of itwe have to do the same thing, but we have to hold our breath."
"They have gone too far telling everyone how difficult it is," says Dawn Bean, who wrote a book on the history of synchronized swimming, served on the U.S. Olympic Committee for twelve years and now, well into her 80's, still coaches synchro masters teams. The shift in aesthetic away from artistic expression and much more towards that of athleticism has left sychnro she says with "… too many thrashing legs and feet above water."
Bean is not the only prominent figure in synchro's storied history that has noticed the shift towards athleticism. "Everything now is fast," says Chris Carver who began coaching in 1960 and has coached three U.S. synchro Olympic teams. She recounts the negative reactions of the judges just weeks ago at a national competition. "I sat with the judges and they were saying, 'this is frantic. It's built up to such a frantic pace, I don't enjoy it and I almost can't judge it'." Carver gives the example of Spain recently performing a technical duet that was very artistic and with a wide range of motion. "People said, 'I've never seen anything like this before'. "Well they have seen something like this before, just not in their time. We (the U.S.) were more like that."
"I would hope that there is room for all of these incarnations of what synchronized swimming is or can be," says filmmaker Furjanic, I do think it's an open-ended question, and I don't know that it can be answered. I would hate to see it answered by its disappearance."
For some observers, the outward appearance of a synchro swimmer suggests spectacle, with their helmeted hair secured tightly back with gelatin, sporting shimmering, bright sequined suits, flashing their legs and turning like a cork screw around and upside down in the water. But the performance of synchro swimmers as a duet or team is dedicated to both unity of movement and precise athletic maneuvers. For the duration of a routine, the viewing audience is not intended to focus solely on an individual athlete or a particular maneuver but to experience the swimmers collectively, as a whole creating synchronicity, as the name implies. Water is the medium and setting for the harmony of a precisely choreographed expression of athleticism. Synchro unites the body with water in a way that is literally fluid but dramatic. As swimmers repeatedly fall back into and emerge from the water, sink down and explode upward with forceful, assertive strength and rhythm, the element of water serves to hold, shelter and rebirth them. The combined athleticism and artistry that make up synchro was in the past amplified by water and today often appears to be constrained by it.
Russia raised the bar of competition by incorporating new hybrid figures. Forms and higher lifts were combined with speed that no one knew was possible. Anna Kozlova, a former synchronized swimmer who defected to the United States from Russia in 1993, competed in three Olympic Games and won two bronze medals for the U.S, says she was sad but not surprised when the United States team didn't qualify. She recalls that in the early days, the rule was "be careful not to splash the water." "But now," she continues, "it's definitely gone the other way. It doesn't bother me that it's more

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Business challenges
Business challenges
Risk Assessment and Mitigation
Transportation network design always has a measure of risk.
Risk assessment allows you to estimate your transportation network's ability to resist unique events (risk) and your design's ability to recover after a disruption.
There is a clear trade-off between transportation system efficiency and resilience. As your transportation network becomes more efficient, it also becomes less resilient. If you use a lean approach to improve your network's efficiency, an unexpected change such as an increase or reduction in demand could destroy it. However, if you invest too much into risk mitigation, the cost of these improvements could reduce your competitiveness.
Whatever approach you take, the process you use to design your transportation network must evaluate how uncertainty could influence it. It also needs to help you understand how you can mitigate these risks.
 Address Your Risk Management Challenges.
 Veeroute allows you to test how different types of risk may affect your transportation network and understand how you could improve its design:
 - Learn how your transportation network reacts to uncertainty and identify which events could destroy it
 - Evaluate your network's resilience – how well it performs after a disruption – and estimate the time it will take to recover
 - Stress test your transportation network to understand its strengths and limitations
 - Design your transportation logistics to find the right balance of reliability and efficiency


text:
Know Your Seafood
Want to make the right seafood choices for your health and your planet but can't remember all the facts and recommendations when you need them at the grocery store or restaurant? Get Safe Seafood for your iPhone or iPod Touch to help you find the right answers and make informed decisions quickly and easily.
Our actions are rapidly destroying the oceans, lakes, and rivers that cover most of our planet. Rising contaminant levels make many seafood alternatives unsafe for you or your family to eat.Thankfully, numerous environmental groups and governments agencies do thorough research and publish results on contaminant levels and the environmental impact of different seafood alternatives. However, remembering this information when you need it at the grocery store or restaurant is no easy task.
Safe Seafood makes this information easily available on your iPhone or iPod touch when and where you need it. Developed using information from ten different environmental protection organizations and government agencies, this definitive guide provides recommendations for over 100 seafood choices in a clear and easy to understand format.


Tag Archives: newzealand
Not a universal language
The first meeting and interchange between Māori and Europeans was a musical one. As the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman and his party sailed toward the coast of Aotearoa (now New Zealand) on a December evening in 1642, they saw canoes approaching them and heard the men in the prows singing and blowing on a trumpet-like instrument. Two of the Dutch sailors were ordered to play welcoming tunes on their own trumpets; the exchange continued until darkness fell and the Māori paddled away.
A few days later the Dutch launched a small rowboat holding seven unarmed sailors. The Māori immediately sent canoes to attack it, and killed four of the sailors; the others swam to safety, and the canoes were driven away by Dutch gunfire.
This tragic turn of events was eventually explained: The first Māori party intended to challenge the strangers and invite them to fight. They had probably been performing a haka—a ritual war chant—and their horn was likely a pūtātara (above), a signaling device that may be used for hostile confrontations. The groups' misinterpretations of each other's music making led to a fatal misunderstanding.
This according to "Music historiography in New Zealand" by Martin Lodge, an essay included in our recently published Music's intellectual history. Below, a performance by a haka team.
Filed under Australia and Pacific islands, Ethnomusicology, Instruments


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Journey Toward the Caring Classroom describes a learning environment that begins with the idea of classroom as community, filled with students sharing common interests and joint participation. The necessity of beginning with an environment that values each member is emphasized, and creating a safe place where students can be free to learn from mistakes and disagree without being torn apart is a priority. In this scenario, the teacher whose role changes from information provider to facilitator, is an equal member of the community.
A foundational perspective of adventure and experiential education is basic to this curriculum that offers accessible activities, reflection opportunities, life skills, and academic applications for a variety of age levels.
Groups develop and, working through a developmental sequence, help create a map for community building.
Frank presents the issues, skills, and activities pertinent to any given phase in the process, and includes suggestions and ideas about how to facilitate the process.
Learn how to start a program of your own that can act as a springboard for developing an action plan to use in your individual situation.


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Below you can browse through a list of 245 images included in Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity. The largest number are political cartoons. But we also include paintings and images of artifacts such as fans and buttons. The images are drawn from many repositories, but particularly from the Museum of the French Revolution in Vizille in southwest France and Olin Library at Cornell University. An essay on how to read images provides useful background. You can search for particular documents by keyword or topic on the search page.
There are 245 matching records.
"Celebrating Napoleons Birthday on the Island of St. Helena"
In this cartoon, Napoleon is portrayed as a buffoon, riding a goat in a charge against rodents, mocking his warlike instincts.
"His Monument": Napoleons Past and Future Are Filled with Dead Bodies
This Januslike figuration of Napoleon haunts the viewer as it suggests a future filled with skulls. Indeed, the unprecedented deaths from war and conquest of the last two centuries make this image seem predictive.
"The Exorcism": Ridding France of the Devil Napoleon
The seal in the foreground, with its fleurdelys, indicates a return to royalism after Frances liberation from Napoleon. In addition, the secularism associated with the Revolution is countered with the images reference to the religious practice of exorcism.
"The Great Heroism of the Nineteenth Century"
As in other caricatures, foreigners tried to humiliate Napoleon, once again using mice to represent those who would now attend him.
"The Great Man"
German cartoonists tried to reduce Napoleon down to size, in this case, the size of mice! Here the mice serve as courtiers.
"The Little Cartesian Devil": German Peasants Capturing the Little Devil Napoleon
The reversal of circumstances that German cartoonists emphasized seemed generally to exercise considerable sway over this use of symbols. Here, Napoleon, who strode so large over Europe, is bottled and examined. Obsessed with his small stature, Napoleon might have been particularly displeased with this image.
"The Song of the End": the Whole World Now Chases Him
Where Napoleon was once the conqueror, the world now avenges itself. This sense of reversal, felt widely outside of France, characterized a number of the caricatures of Napoleon, and indeed of the entire Revolution.
"This Is My Dear Son": Napoleon as Child of the Devil
Linking Napoleon with Hell represents a far cry from his own propaganda.
10 August 1792
This print shows the attack on the Tuileries Palace, which housed the royal family. Although the place was welldefended, many troops simply defected. When the artillery quit, the King and his family hastened across to the nearby meeting hall of the Legislative Assembly for protection. But the battle continued when a number of the defendersparticularly the Swiss guardresisted. A fullscale engagement ensued with some 600 Swiss killed and about double the number of insurgents dead. Casualties notwithstanding, the attackers won. The victory sealed the demise of the monarchy and ensured that it would be replaced by a republic.
20 June 1791, Anonymous Drawing
In this depiction of the Kings arrest, the Queen risks her body to save her son, the crown prince.
A Democrat, or Reason and Philosophy
This cartoon by the popular British caricaturist James Gillray depicts the British politician Charles James Fox as a sansculotte. Wearing a cockade in his wig and a bandage on his forehead, the unshaven Fox raises his bloody left hand as he lifts his left leg to break wind. Notice his torn shirt, the bloody dagger in his belt, and the fact that he wears no pants. He sings the popular revolutionary song, "Ça ira!" ["Itll be okay."]
A Foreign Tree
These painted engravings ridicule the unrest wrought by French revolutionaries by contrasting French subversion with British stability. The "British Liberty Tree" (depicted in the preceding image) is assigned to the mock Latin genus of "Stabilissimus," while the more sickly looking "Foreign Tree" in this image is put in the genus "Subitarius." Notice in the background of the latter, a guillotine, symbol of all that is wrong with France.
A French Gentleman of the Court of Louis XVI. A French Gentleman of the Court of Egalité, 1799
A sarcastic treatment from England of French manners that contrasts the weakness of the old regime with revolutionary arrogance. The engraver also seems to be pointing toward two entirely different views of masculinity.
A Grateful France Proclaims Napoleon the First Emperor of the French
In this engraving, Roman and contemporary themes are combined to glorify the new emperor. The absence of any clear representation of revolutionary liberty shows Napoleon moving away from the events of the preceding decade.
A Positive View?
This composition of the scene, in which a helpless Louis seems to be looking upward to heaven with his confessor, communicates humility. The executioners are relatively passive, leaving the King and confessor center stage. This reveals that in mortal death, the King had a chance to look better than his tormentors. Although this print was undoubtedly produced significantly after the fact, contemporary spectators also might have felt this moment of moral superiority available to the victim. As sentimentality became more prevalent in the eighteenth century, sympathy for the accused on the scaffold had grown, so that authorities had increasingly taken executions out of the public eye. Perhaps, it is likely that Louis at least realized a measure of this same concern. And possibly Sansons exuberance after the execution when he eagerly held aloft the Kings head, as well as a prior decision to call for a drum roll to drown out the Kings attempts to address the crowd, were meant to erase any empathy for his condition.
A Second Joan of Arc
To those who considered Marat insincere and dangerous in his unrelenting populism, the true martyr was Charlotte Corday, who had come to Paris from Caena city then serving as a base for the federalist insurgencyapparently with the express intent of killing Marat. In this engraving by the English caricaturist Cruikshank, Corday is depicted as "A Second Joan of Arc," saving her country by ridding it of oppressive rulers.
A Ship Named after Lafayette
A twentieth century ship reminds voyagers of a revolutionary past.
Abstention Rate in Napoleonic Plebiscites
All regions of France did not support Napoleon equally. His rule aroused most enthusiasm in the east (a prerevolutionary border region crucial in the Napoleonic wars) and the center of the country, least in the west, which had long provided a home to royalist counterrevolution.
Abstension rate in Napoleonic plebiscites (shaded areas = those where the abstention rate exceeded 80 percent)
Abuses to Suppress
This print depicts the Third Estaterepresented by the peasant at the rear of the chariot, the worker leading the horse, and the merchant drivingdelivering to the National Assembly a petition listing "abuses" to be remedied.
Act of Justice
Here Robespierres death is depicted as divine retribution, as in a classical myth. Numerous heads, presumably of those who had perished at the guillotine, watch two male figures (bearing a strong resemblance to Hercules, who had been an early symbol of the Revolution) carry the freshly severed heads of Robespierre and his followers toward the mythological river Styx, guarded by the threeheaded dog Cerberus.
Active Citizen/Passive Citizen
This cartoon mocks the distinction between active and passive citizens. Many revolutionaries hated this difference, essentially dividing those with property from those without. The propertied (active) were the only ones who could participate in the political process.
Ah! Monsignor! It seems that they want us to give everything back, yet while in the game I had advised you to play trumps.
Not uncommonly, revolutionary prints invoked excretory humor directed toward those priests who would not swear allegiance to the Revolution. Revolutionaries eliminated on their enemies; the latter might also receive enemas. Of course, in a world of chamber pots everyone got the message loudly and clearly.
Allegory of Truth
Female revolutionary figures stood for all kinds of qualities and virtues, in this case, "Truth." Women figures appeared so prominently in paintings and engravings because French nouns for the qualities and virtues were usually feminine (Truth = La Vérité). In other words, paintings such as this one did not represent real women; they used allegorical figures to make a more abstract point.
An Emblematical View of the Constitutions of England and France
Similar to the two engravings of trees, this engraving contrasts English order with French anarchy. On the left, a lion (representing England) sits at the foot of a chiseled rock, part of which is labeled "Unanimity." A crown appears over the rock; a unicorn lies behind it. To the right, a multiheaded serpent representing France writhes around a broken flag reading "Anarchy."
An Example of Heroic Courage
In this rendition of an incident from the Vendée rebellion, an ordinary woman is shown standing up to the rebels. It comes from a series of heroic images of the Revolution and shows that women could be heroines for the Republic.
An Exuberant Executioner
As 80,000 crowded into the square to watch the execution of Louis XVI, they cannot have been unaware that the guillotine sat where a statue of Louis XV had been. Here Sanson, the executioner, snatches the detached head of Louis XVI to show to the crowd. He leans forward with approving eagerness. If the head of the King was the


text:
usually want to
preserve. If this location is not specified, such files are temporarily
written to the temporary R directory, and subsequently removed.
outcome_column: Specifies the name of the column
that contains the outcome values. In case of survival outcomes two
columns should be specified that indicate time and event status,
respectively. For survival outcomes familiar determines which columns
contain time and event data. The
is not required in case the formula interface is used.
outcome_type: Specifies the type of outcome being
modelled. Should be one of the outcome types mentioned above in the Supported outcomes section. If not
specified, it can potentially be inferred from the data contained in the
column(s) specified by the
class_levels: Specify the class levels of two-class
binomial) and multi-class (
outcomes. For two-class outcomes, the second level specifies the class
regarded as the positive class. The values should match values present
in the outcome column Specifying this argument is not necessary in case
the outcome column is encoded as a factor. If left unspecified, the
unique values in the outcome column are used as values.
competing_risk_indicator: Specifies the values that should
be used as event, censoring, and competing risk indicators for survival
analysis, respectively. Familiar uses default values for censoring
no) and event
otherwise. Note that the
competing_risk outcome type will
be fully implemented in a future release.
series_id_column: Specifies the names of the columns
containing batch, sample, and series identifiers respectively. These are
described in more detail in the Preparing
your data section.
Familiar processes tabular data. In this case, a table consists of rows that represent instances, and columns that represent features and additional information. This is a very common representation for tabular data. Let us look at the colon dataset found in the survival package, which contains data from a clinical trial to assess a new anti-cancer drug in patients with colon cancer:
# Get the colon dataset. <- data.table::as.data.table(survival::colon)[etype==1] data # Drop some irrelevant columns. ":="("node4"=NULL, "etype"=NULL)] data[, ::kable(data[1:5])knitr
Here we see that each row contains a separate instance.
study columns are identifier
columns. Familiar distinguishes four different types of identifiers:
Batch identifiers are used to identify data belonging to a batch,
cohort or specific dataset. This is typically used for specifying
external validation datasets (using the
parameter). It also used to define the batches for batch normalisation.
The name of the column containing batch identifiers (if any) can be
specified using the
batch_id_column parameter. If no column
with batch identifiers is specified, all instances are assumed to belong
to the same batch. In the colon dataset, the
column is a batch identifier column.
Sample identifiers are used to identify data belonging to a
single sample, such as a patient, subject, customer, etc. Sample
identifiers are used to ensure that instances from the same sample are
not inadvertently spread across development and validation data subsets
created for cross-validation or bootstrapping. This prevents information
leakage, as instances from the same sample are often related – knowing
one instance of a sample would make it easy to predict another, thus
increasing the risk of overfitting. The name of the column containing
sample identifiers can be specified using the
sample_id_column parameter. If not specified, it is assumed
that each instance forms a separate sample. In the colon
id column contains sample
Within a sample, it is possible to have multiple series, for
example due to measurements at different locations in the same sample. A
series differs from repeated measurements. While for series the outcome
value may change, this is not allowed for repeated measurements. The
column containing series identifiers may be specified by providing the
column name as the
series_id_column parameter. If not set,
all instances of a sample with a different outcome value will be
assigned a unique identifier.
Within a sample, or series, it is possible to have repeated measurements, where one or more feature values may change but the outcome value does not. Such instances can for example used to assess feature robustness. Repeated measurement identifiers are automatically assigned for instances that have the same batch, sample and series identifiers.
The colon dataset also contains two outcome columns:
status that define (censoring) time
and survival status respectively. Survival status are encoded as
0 for alive, censored patients and
patients that passed away after treatment. Note that these correspond to
default values present in familiar. It is not necessary to pass these
The remaining columns in the colon dataset represent
features. There are two numeric features,
nodes, a categorical feature
rx and several
categorical and ordinal features encoded with integer values. Familiar
will automatically detect and encode features that consist of
type. However, it will not automatically convert the features encoded
with integer values. This is by design – familiar cannot determine
whether a feature with integer values is intended to be a categorical
feature or not. Should categorical features that are encoded with
integers be present in your dataset, you should manually encode such
values in the data prior to passing the data to familiar. For the
colon dataset, this could be done as follows:
# Categorical features $sex <- factor(x=data$sex, levels=c(0, 1), labels=c("female", "male")) data$obstruct <- factor(data$obstruct, levels=c(0, 1), labels=c(FALSE, TRUE)) data$perfor <- factor(data$perfor, levels=c(0, 1), labels=c(FALSE, TRUE)) data$adhere <- factor(data$adhere, levels=c(0, 1), labels=c(FALSE, TRUE)) data$surg <- factor(data$surg, levels=c(0, 1), labels=c("short", "long")) data # Ordinal features $differ <- factor(data$differ, levels=c(1, 2, 3), labels=c("well", "moderate", "poor"), ordered=TRUE) data$extent <- factor(data$extent, levels=c(1, 2, 3, 4), labels=c("submucosa", "muscle", "serosa", "contiguous_structures"), ordered=TRUE) data ::kable(data[1:5])knitr
Manual encoding also has the advantage that ordinal features can be
specified. Familiar cannot determine whether features with
character type values have an associated order and will
encode these as regular categorical variables. Another advantage is that
manual encoding allows for specifying the reference level, i.e. the
level to which other levels of a feature are compared in regression
models. Otherwise, the reference level is taken as the first level after
sorting the levels.
The experimental design defines how data analysis is performed.
Familiar allows for various designs, from very straightforward training
on a single dataset, to complex nested cross-validation with external
validation. Experimental design is defined using the
experimental_design parameter and consists of basic
workflow components and subsampling methods. The basic workflow
fs: positions the feature selection step. This
component should always be present, even if
fs_method="none". Moreover, note that the feature selection
step only determines variable importance. Actual feature selection takes
place after optimisation for model hyperparameters determines the
optimal number of features.
mb: positions the model building step. This
component should always be present.
ev: positions the external validation step. This
should be used in conjunction with the
parameter to specify which batches/cohorts should be used for external
ev is optional.
Each basic workflow component can only appear once in the
experimental design. It is possible to form an experiment using just the
basic workflow components, i.e.
fs+mb+ev. In these experiments, feature selection is
directly followed by modelling, with external validation of the model on
one or more validation cohorts for
fs+mb+ev. These options
correspond to TRIPOD type 1a and 3, respectively. TRIPOD analysis types
1b and 2 require more complicated experimental designs, which are
facilitated by subsampling.
Hyperparameter optimisation does not require explicit specification. Hyperparameter optimisation is conducted when required to determine variable importance and prior to building a model.
Subsampling methods are used to (randomly) sample the data that are not used for external validation, and divide these data into internal development and validation sets. Thus the dataset as a whole is at most divided into three parts: internal development, internal validation and external validation. Familiar implements the following subsampling methods:
bs(x,n): (stratified).632 bootstrap, with
n the number of bootstraps. Bootstrapping randomly samples
the data with replacement, and on average assigns 63.2% of the samples
to the new subsampled subset to form the in-bag dataset with the same
size as the original dataset. Remaining, unselected samples form the
out-of-bag dataset. All pre-processing steps and hyperparameter
optimisation (if any) are performed using the in-bag data.
bt(x,n): (stratified).632 bootstrap, with
n the number of bootstraps. Functions like
but pre-processing parameters and hyperparameters (if any) are inherited
from the enveloping layer. That is, for
twenty bootstraps are created from the development dataset, and feature


{value}' substring, it is replaced with the formatted value of the measurement.
If it's set to false, the header is hidden.
If a function is passed, it receives the formatted value as parameter and the returned value appears in the header.
height Number 40 Height in pixels of one item on the wheel. The default value depends on the theme:
Mobiscroll: 40
Android Holo: 36
Bootstrap: 40
iOS: 34
jQuery Mobile: 40
Material: 40
Windows Phone: 76
invalid Array undefined An array containing the invalid values.
layout String undefined Sets the layout of the component. Possible values:
 - 'liquid' - Wheels will expand to the maximum available width, but will not exceed the width set by the maxWidth setting. If maxWidth is not specified, the total width of all wheels will not exceed 600px. In 'top' or 'bottom' display mode this is the default behavior.
 - 'fixed' or undefined - Wheels will expand to the size of the longest wheel value, but will not exceed the width set by the maxWidth setting.
max Number 100 Maximum value.
maxWidth Number or Array undefined Maximum width of the wheels. If number, it is applied to all wheels, if an array, it is applied to each wheel separately.
min Number 0 Minimum value.
minWidth Number or Array 80 Minimum width of the wheels in pixels. If number, it is applied to all wheels, if an array, it is applied to each wheel separately. The default value depends on the theme:
Mobiscroll: 80
Android Holo: 76
Bootstrap: 80
iOS: 55
jQuery Mobile: 80
Material: 80
Windows Phone: 76
multiline Number 1 If greater than 1, the wheel item's content will be wrapped into the specified number of lines. If the content is shorter, it will remain vertically centered.
readonly Boolean or Array false If true, the component is displayed, but the values are not selectable. If an array, it can be specified as a per wheel configuration, e.g. for 3 wheels: [true, false, false] - sets the first wheel readonly.
responsive Object undefined Specify different settings for different viewport widths, in a form of an object, where the keys are the name of the breakpoints, and the values are objects containing the settings for the given breakpoint.
There are five predefined breakpoints:
 - xsmall - min-width: 0px
 - small - min-width: 576px
 - medium - min-width: 768px
 - large - min-width: 992px
 - xlarge - min-width: 1200px
Custom breakpoints can be defined by passing an object containing the breakpoint property specifying the min-width in pixels. Example:
responsive: {
 small: {
 display: 'bottom'
 },
 custom: { // Custom breakpoint
 breakpoint: 600,
 display: 'center'
 },
 large: {
 display: 'bubble'
 }
}
rows Number 3 Number of visible rows on the wheel. The default value depends on the theme:
Mobiscroll: 5
Bootstrap: 3
iOS: 5
Material: 3
Windows: 6
scale Number 2 Controls the decimal precision for the scrollers.
scrollLock Boolean true Disables page scrolling on touchmove (if not in inline mode, and popup height is less than window height).
showOnFocus Boolean false - on desktop true - on mobile Pops up the component on element focus.
showOnTap Boolean true Pops up the component on element tap.
showOverlay Boolean true Show or hide overlay.
showScrollArrows Boolean false Display scroll arrows for the wheels.
step Float 0.05 Step (precision) between values.
theme String undefined Sets the visual appearance of the component.
If it is 'auto' or undefined, the theme will automatically be chosen based on the platform. If the theme for the specific platform is not present, it will default to the Mobiscroll theme.
Supplied themes:
 - 'bootstrap' - Bootstrap themes
 - 'ios' - iOS theme
 - 'ios-dark' - iOS dark theme (deprecated)
 - 'material' - Material theme
 - 'material-dark' - Material dark theme (deprecated)
 - 'mobiscroll' - Mobiscroll theme
 - 'mobiscroll-dark' - Mobiscroll dark theme (deprecated)
 - 'windows' - Windows theme
 - 'windows-dark' - Windows dark theme (deprecated)
It's possible to modify theme colors or create custom themes.
Starting from v4.9.0 setting directly the dark version of the theme is deprecated. Use the themeVariant setting instead to control the light / dark appearance of the theme.
Make sure that the theme you set is included in the downloaded package.
themeVariant String undefined Controls which variant of the theme will be used (light or dark).
Possible values:
 - 'light' - Use the light variant of the theme.
 - 'dark' - Use the dark variant of the theme.
 - 'auto' or undefined - Detect the preferred system theme on devices where this is supported.
If not set, only the theme setting will determine which theme to use.
To use the setting with custom themes, make sure to create two custom themes, where the dark version has the same name as the light one, suffixed with '-dark', e.g.: 'my-theme' and 'my-theme-dark'.
The setting will not have any effect if the theme setting explicitly sets the dark version of a theme, e.g. theme: 'ios-dark'.
touchUi Boolean true Use true to render a touch optimized user interface, or false for a user interface optimized for pointer devices (mouse, touchpad). Can be used with the responsive setting to change the user interface based on viewport width.
width Number, Array 70 Exact width of the wheels, in pixels. Wheel content will be truncated, if it exceeds the width. If number, it is applied to all wheels, if an array, it is applied to each wheel separately.
Setting options runtime (changing options dynamically)
There are two ways to modify options after initalization
 1. Using the option method.
 The option method always triggers reinitialization. Most of the settings can be updated only this way, updating without initialization has no effect, because the markup is already generated. If the scroller was visible, the reinitialization hides it and it's not shown again automatically (except in inline display mode).
 Here is an example for the dynamic option change
 import { ViewChild } from '@angular/core';
 @Component({
 selector: 'my-example',
 template: '
 <input mbsc-measurement #myVariable="mobiscroll" [(ngModel)]="myExample"/>
 <button (click)="changeOptions()">Change theme and language</button>
 '
 })
 export class MyExample {
 @ViewChild('myVariable')
 myRef: any;

 // Modify options
 changeOptions() {
 this.myRef.instance.option({
 theme: 'mobiscroll',
 lang: 'de'
 });
 }
 }
 2. Modify directly the settings object.
 Useful when changing dynamic settings, which do not need redraw (e.g. readonly, calendar marked days).
 Example
 import { ViewChild } from '@angular/core';
 @Component({
 selector: 'my-example',
 template: '
 <input mbsc-measurement #myVariable="mobiscroll" [mbsc-options]="myOptions"/>
 <button (click)="changeOptions()">Change readonly</button>
 '
 })
 export class MyExample {
 @ViewChild('myVariable')
 myRef: any;

 // get instance and modify a setting
 changeOptions() {
 this.myRef.instance.settings.readonly = true;
 }

 // Modify settings in an event
 myOptions: any = {
 onBeforeShow: (event, inst) => {
 inst.settings.readonly = true;
 }
 }
 }
Events
Using arrow functions is recommended so you have access to your outer component instance inside event handlers through this reference.
When using the events inline (see here) the inst parameter is passed as a property to the event.
Name Description
onBeforeClose(event, inst) Triggered before the component closes. Close can be prevented by returning false from the handler function.
Parameters
 - event: Object - The event object has the following properties:
 - valueText: String - The selected value as text.
 - button: String - The name of the button which triggered the component to close ('set', or 'cancel').
 - inst: Object - The instance object of the measurement.
Example
export class MyExample {
 settings: any = {
 onBeforeClose: (event, inst) => {
 }
 }
}
onBeforeShow(event, inst) Triggered before the component is shown. It is useful if you want to modify the settings object before generating the markup. It can be used also to


text:
Editor Orlando Ortiz and authors review important areas in Imaging of the Postoperative Spine. Articles will include: Post-operative spine imaging in cancer patients; Minimally invasive spine intervention; Post-vertebral augmentation spine imaging; Imaging of lumbar spine fusion; Motion sparing spine instrumentation; Imaging of spine surgery complications; Post-operative fluid collections; Emerging techniques of post-operative spine imaging, What the spine surgeon needs to know about post-operative spine; Post-operative spine infection evaluation; and more!
- © Elsevier 2014
- 12th May 2014
- eBook ISBN:
- Hardcover ISBN:
Department of Radiology, State University of New York - Stony Brook


text:
Embrace's seizure monitoring is based on an algorithm we've developed that is designed to recognize unusual movements, electrodermal activity variation, and peripheral temperature.
Most devices on the market consider two threads of information: duration and intensity of your movements. Instead, Embrace takes into account additional variables, such as skin temperature and electrodermal activity variations, that accompany tonic-clonic seizures. In addition, we created our algorithm using advanced machine learning methods, trained on data collected in epilepsy monitoring units in hospitals.
To learn more about the algorithm Embrace uses to detect unusual patterns in movement and physiological signals we recommend this article: Event detection accuracy
We also encourage you to learn more about how Embrace works.


text:
Fundación Centro Canario del Agua
The Centro Canario del Agua Foundation (FCCA) is an independent and non-profit organization whose objective is the research and development of innovative products for water treatment. It was founded on December 14, 1998 by the General Directorate of Water of the Canary Islands Government, the Insular Water Councils of the seven islands and a series of private companies with interests in the Canary Islands water sector.
The FCCA carries out and promotes R&D work autonomously and in combination with public institutions and private companies.
The FCCA conducts applied research mainly in the following areas:
- Equipment for remineralization of desalinated waters
- Design of filtering and draining floors
- Optimization of reverse osmosis plant control
- Treatment of hard water and rich in silica
- Improvement of desalinated water quality


is deployed, and once the deployment is complete, the already deployed revision is undeployed.
$ curl -X POST -H "Content-type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded" \
_URL_ \
-u email:password
You can further optimize deployment by setting the delay parameter. The delay parameter specifies a time interval, in seconds, before which the previous revision should be undeployed. The effect is that in-flight transactions have a time interval in which to complete before the API proxy processing their transaction is undeployed. Following is what occurs with override=true and the delay parameter set:
 - Revision 1 is handling requests.
 - Revision 2 is being deployed in parallel.
 - When Revision 2 is fully deployed, new traffic is sent to Revision 2. No new traffic is sent to Revision 1.
 - However, Revision 1 may still be processing existing transactions. By setting the delay parameter (for example, 15 seconds), you give Revision 1 15 seconds to finish processing existing transactions.
 - After the delay interval, Revision 1 is undeployed.
With override set to true, Apigee will not undeploy Revision 1 if the basepath of Revision 1 differs from that of Revision 2. In such a scenario, you will end up having two revisions deployed in the same environment. This can break other plugins and wrappers that make use of the seamless deployment API if you are not accommodating for this scenario in your assertion.
$ curl -X POST -H "Content-type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded" \
_URL_ \
-u email:password
Query Parameter Description
override
Default is false (normal deployment behavior: existing revision is undeployed, then new revision is deployed).
Set to true to override the normal deployment behavior and provide seamless deployment. The existing revision remains deployed while the new revision is also being deployed. When the new revision is deployed, the old revision is undeployed. Use in conjunction with the delay parameter to control when undeployment occurs.
delay
To allow transaction processing to complete on the existing revision before it is undeployed—and eliminate the possibility of 502 Bad Gateway or 504 Gateway Timeout errors—set this parameter to the number of seconds you want undeployment to be delayed. There is no limit to the number of seconds you can set, and there are no performance ramifications for setting a large number of seconds. During the delay, no new traffic is sent to the old revision.
Default is 0 (zero) seconds. When override is set to true and delay is 0, the existing revision is undeployed immediately after the new revision is deployed. Negative values are treated as 0 (zero) seconds.
When override=true is used along with a delay, HTTP 5xx responses during deployment can be eliminated. This is because both API proxy revisions will be deployed simultaneously, with the older revision undeployed after the delay.
See all deployments of an API Revision
Sometimes it's necessary to fetch a list of all of the currently deployed revisions of an API proxy.
$ curl _URL_ \
-u email:password
{
 "aPIProxy" : "weatherapi",
 "environment" : [ {
 "configuration" : {
 "basePath" : "",
 "steps" : [ ]
 },
 "name" : "test",
 "server" : [ {
 "status" : "deployed",
 "type" : [ "message-processor" ],
 "uUID" : "90096dd1-1019-406b-9f42-fbb80cd01200"
 }, {
 "status" : "deployed",
 "type" : [ "message-processor" ],
 "uUID" : "7d6e2eb1-581a-4db0-8045-20d9c3306549"
 }, {
 "status" : "deployed",
 "type" : [ "router" ],
 "uUID" : "1619e2d7-c822-45e0-9f97-63882fb6a805"
 }, {
 "status" : "deployed",
 "type" : [ "router" ],
 "uUID" : "8a5f3d5f-46f8-4e99-b4cc-955875c8a8c8"
 } ],
 "state" : "deployed"
 } ],
 "name" : "1",
 "organization" : "org_name"
}
The response above contains many properties specific to the internal infrastructure of Apigee Edge. Unless you are using Apigee Edge on-premise, you can't change these settings.
The important properties contained in the response are organization, environment, aPIProxy, name, and state. By reviewing these property values, you can confirm that a specific revision of an API proxy is deployed in an environment.
See all deployments in the test environment
You can also retrieve the deployment status for a specific environment (including the revision number of the currently deployed API proxy) using the following call:
$ curl -u email:password _URL_
This returns the same result as above for every API deployed in the test environment
See all deployments in your organization
To fetch a list of all currently deployed revisions of all API proxies in all environments, use the following API method:
$ curl _URL_ -u email:password
This returns the same result as above for all API proxies deployed in all environments.
Since the API is RESTful, you can simply use the POST method, along with a JSON or XML payload, against the same resource to create an API proxy.
A profile for your API proxy is generated. The default representation of an API proxy is in JavaScript object notation (JSON). Below is the default JSON response to the POST request above, which created an API proxy called 'weatherapi'. A description of each element in the profile follows:
{
 "configurationVersion" : {
 "majorVersion" : 4,
 "minorVersion" : 0
 },
 "contextInfo" : "Revision 1 of application weatherapi, in organization {org_name}",
 "createdAt" : 1357172145444,
 "createdBy" : "_EMAIL_",
 "displayName" : "weatherapi",
 "lastModifiedAt" : 1357172145444,
 "lastModifiedBy" : "_EMAIL_",
 "name" : "weatherapi",
 "policies" : [ ],
 "proxyEndpoints" : [ ],
 "resources" : [ ],
 "revision" : "1",
 "targetEndpoints" : [ ],
 "targetServers" : [ ],
 "type" : "Application"
}
Keep in mind that the response payload merely contains a representation of an API resource — you can create an API proxy using JSON or XML, and you can also retrieve representations of the API proxy as XML or JSON, depending on your needs.
The API proxy profile that is generated demonstrates the complete structure of an API proxy:
 - APIProxy revision: The sequentially numbered iteration of the API proxy configuration, as maintained by API Services
 - APIProxy name: The unique name of the API proxy
 - ConfigurationVersion: API Services version to which the API proxy configuration conforms
 - CreatedAt: Time when the API proxy was generated, formatted in UNIX time
 - CreatedBy: Email address of the Apigee Edge user who created the API proxy
 - DisplayName: A user-friendly name for the API proxy
 - LastModifiedAt: Time when the API proxy was generated, formatted in UNIX time
 - LastModifiedBy: Email address of the Apigee Edge user who created the API proxy
 - Policies: A list of policies that have been added to this API proxy
 - ProxyEndpoints: A list of named ProxyEndpoints
 - Resources: A list of resources (JavaScript, Python, Java, XSLT) available to be executed in this API proxy
 - TargetServers: A list of named TargetServers (that can be created using the management API), used in advanced configurations for load balancing purposes
 - TargetEndpoints: A list of named TargetEndpoints
Note that many of the elements of the API proxy configuration created using the simple POST method above are empty. In the following topics, you will learn how to add and configure the key components of an API proxy.
You can also read about these configuration elements in the API proxy configuration reference.
Scripting against the API
The Using the sample API proxies, available on GitHub provide shell scripts that wrap the Apigee deploy tool. If for some reason you cannot use the Python deploy tool, then you can call the API directly. Both approaches are demonstrated in the sample scripts below.
Wrapping the Deploy Tool
First, make sure the Python deploy tool is available in your local environment.
Then create a file to hold your credentials. The deployment scripts that you write will import these settings, helping you to centrally manage the credentials for your account. In the API Platform sample, this file is called setenv.sh.
#!/bin/bash
org="Your ORG on enterprise.apigee.com"
username="Your USERNAME on enterprise.apigee.com"
# While testing, it's not necessary to change the setting below
env="test"
# Change the value below only if you


DSDP/RTSC - xdc.platform.ICpuDataSheet
From Eclipsepedia
< DSDP
Revision as of 20:44, 20 July 2009 by D-russo.ti.com (Talk | contribs)
Jump to: navigation, search
Contents
Introduction
The current RTSC platform model contains a description of the hardware (HW) as a part of the configuration model. This part of the model - accessible via Program.cpu - allows portable XDCscript code to reflect on the specific HW and conditionally generate results that are platform-specific.
Although the current HW model provides specific device information and a complete memory map as seen by executing applications, it does not currently provide a way to identify peripherals that are part of the device; e.g., what types of peripherals (timers, serial ports, ADCs, etc.) are present, how many exist, their base addresses, and any device specific attributes associated with these peripherals).
Goals
Extend the platform model to include a notion of a "peripheral" and augment the existing platform packages to include sufficient information to enable "automatic" configuration of peripheral drivers. Automatic configuration implies:
 - user rarely needs to add configuration statements that are device specific
 - peripheral drivers can get information from the platform model (that is "implied" by the HW platform) sufficient to ensure all software drivers operate properly without conflict
Requirements
Automatic configuration of
 - ti.sysbios timers and
 - ti.sdo.ipc.Sem
Sketch
The following notes sketch the current thinking.
ICpuDataSheet would include a map of peripherals, say xdc.platform.IPlatform.Peripheral, were each peripheral would be a structure containing a name, base address, and an arbitrary hash of device specific attributes.
 - name would name a RTSC module that identifies the HW peripheral
 - the base address would be a device
 - the attrs hash would contain attributes such as interrupt id
The keys of the peripheral map might be the device-specific names for the peripherials.
Resources
RTSC Platform Model Reference - the reference API for the current platform model


text:
Freshwater predatory fish, trout and other salmonids
Related to the European pickerel, the yellow walleye can be fished virtually year round, even while ice fishing, and is the number one favourite among sport fishers in Québec. The province's waters also teem with northern pike, which is sometimes called the freshwater shark and has been known to provide many thrilling moments to those who have the good fortune to fish for it.
The large and small mouth bass, whose Algonquin name at-chi-gane means "he who struggles," are found in lakes and rivers with low currents. They are mainly fished for sport and are almost always released back into the water. Several other species inhabit Québec's large water bodies, such the sturgeon and the muskellunge.
You can fish for salmonids other than Atlantic salmon in Québec's lakes and rivers. The ouananiche, or landlocked salmon, is as combative and delicious as its maritime cousin. Favouring clear, cold waters, the brook trout is popular among fishers for its tasty pink flesh. This fish is abundant in Québec, particularly in Mauricie.
Better adapted to a northern climate, the Arctic char is found almost exclusively in Québec's Far North regions and is enjoyed by the Inuit of Ungava and Hudson bays. Rainbow trout, along with brown or sea trout, can reach a very respectable weight and are also a diner's delight. Lake trout, a powerful fighting fish, thrives in cold lakes and in summer heads deep below the surface (50 to 100 m / 165 to 330 ft.) as the temperature climbs.


text:
A typical example of almost pure dependent marking is Japanese, where each part of a sentence is supposed to be marked for its function (topic, subject, object, complement), while the verb is completely devoid of morphological marks showing person, number, gender, or any other property of the arguments.
Less pure examples are Czech, Latin, Spanish, German, and English. In English, the word order determines the role of the nouns in the sentence, so neither the head nor dependent are usually marked in the case of the verb phrase.
Dependent light scattering in white paint films: clarification and application of the theoretical concepts.(Report)
Apr 28, 2012; Abstract Among the numerous publications analyzing the causes and consequences of titanium dioxide crowding on the optical...
DEPENDENT AUDITS: Going for the interception; Sporting goods chain conducts successful dependent eligibility audit.(HEALTH CARE)
Dec 01, 2011; Byline: Kathleen Koster Anticipating the increase in age of covered dependents to 26 starting in 2011, as required by the...


Dog Ear Hematoma Popped – Diagnose & Treat it
Have you noticed a swelling or lump on the ear of your dog? You might be looking at something called a hematoma, also called an aural hematoma. A dog ear hematoma is a blood blister that forms on the inside of the ear flap, caused when a blood vessel bursts. Simple actions, like head shaking or ear scratching can cause hematoma in dogs when they already have an underlying issue, like an ear infection or skin problems, but usually they form after a knock or injury.
A canine's ears give them their lovely appearance – two triangles framing the face, sometimes pointy and long and in other dogs cute and floppy, but either way, they really add a bit of personality to the animal. But aside from being aesthetically pleasing, dogs' ears are vital to hearing and letting the dog manoeuvre its world with confidence.
Hematomas can occur in all types of dogs, but those with droopy ears are more likely to suffer from them.
What to do If Dog Ear Hematoma already Popped?
In case your Dog has scratched an already developed Hematoma and popped it, it should be cleaned thoroughly with hydrogen peroxide or alcohol using a sterile cloth/ cotton wool – afterwards it can be wrapped with gauze or even a plaster to avoid infections. It's very unlikely that a hematoma would pop on its own however.
It is tempting to try to treat a hematoma yourself, but that is not advised. If you aren't sure whether your dog's ear flap is swollen because of a hematoma or something else, read common symptoms below for a better diagnosis.
Is it dangerous If Dog's Ear Hematoma Popped?
In simple terms, Hematoma is an accumulated sack of fluid, In extremely rare chance that it might pop on it's own there is no real danger to your dog provided that the wound is thoroughly cleaned to avoid infection. Once the Hematoma "pops" the accumulated blood would come out draining itself, this should be cleaned and discarded. You should however call vet if there are any obvious signs of infections starting to appear after it has popped which can be extremely dangerous if left untreated.
What causes hematoma on dogs' ears?
If a blood vessel in the dog's ear bursts a hematoma can develop. As the vessel bleeds, the dog's ear may swell like a balloon, become heavy, warm and uncomfortable.
In treating the hematoma, it is important to understand the root cause. Burst blood vessels can be caused by a variety of factors, such as:
 - A knock or bump to the head/ear
 - Mites
 - Skin infection or irritation
 - Ear infection
Symptoms of a dog ear hematoma
Depending on the severity of the hematoma, your dog may or may not be acting differently to its usual self. Look out for the following symptoms to assess whether your pooch is suffering from dog ear hematoma:
 - A red, swollen ear flap that will be hot to the touch
 - The ear flap will be droopy or hang down at a slightly strange angle
 - Scratching of the ear
 - Tilting of the head
 - Head shaking
Treatment of dog ear hematoma
Dog hematoma treatment very much depends on the size and cause of the swelling. There are a few cases which warrant leaving the hematoma to heal on its own, but in any case, it is not a good idea to treat it yourself. Your vet can advise on the best course of action.
As well as resolving the hematoma itself, vets can address the underlying causes and prescribe to treat mites, or the irritated skin, for example, reducing the likelihood of future issues reoccurring.
If the hematoma is too large and complex to leave alone, the following options will be discussed:
 1. Draining
This is usually done using a syringe and needle, although in some cases an indwelling plastic drain is necessary. If the swelling refills, next steps will be surgery. In some cases, a drain with negative pressure is set up to constantly suck out any liquid. This helps also bring the separated layers together again. This technique is less invasive than full surgery and does not require a general anaesthetic. It is also fairly straightforward to perform.
 1. Surgery
Surgery involves making a slit in the ear flap to drain it before compressing it with stitches so it can't refill. General anaesthetic is needed, the procedure is more painful and the post-op recovery time is obviously a little longer. It is the best route for achieving a flat flap again though.
 1. Medication
Dog ear hematoma can be treated with anti-inflammatory medication. This reduces the swelling and eases the pain. If the underlying cause of the hematoma requires additional medication, the vet will prescribe that too.
If draining or surgery are the chosen route, your vet will supply a head cone to stop your pet from rubbing against the ear or causing further infection or damage to the area. The hematoma wound may continue to leak blood for a little while after treatment. If that worsens or lasts for longer than a couple of days you should contact your vet again.
Massaging the dog's ear helps the ear get back to normal quickly and is something the owner can easily do at home.
Less traditional methods of treatment for Dog hematoma
There are also alternative methods for treating dog ear hematoma. The following are probably not going to be prescribed by your vet, but that doesn't mean you might not want to consider them:
 - Holistic medicines
Homeopathic remedies, such as hypernicum and arnica, can be effective on smaller hematomas – those that take up one-fourth or less of the ear. But as time progresses, and the hematoma begins to clot and harden, homeopathy can be less effective.
 - Inclusion of steroids
Because eosinophils (a type of white blood cell) and mast cell infiltrations have been found in hematomas some experts speculate that hematoma blood blisters may partly be due to an allergic reaction. Little data has been found to support this theory, but in some cases prescribing steroids alongside the other treatments can help reduce inflammation and resolve the hematoma.
 - Leeches
These wriggling black worms have been used for centuries to remove excess bloods. Because they inject numbing chemicals into the skin when they bite, no additional pain relief is needed with their use. Treatment can be slow – it might take up to a month for the swelling to properly subside – but the ear's appearance is usually back to normal afterwards.
Is a dog ear hematoma painful
Yes, your dog's ear will hurt and throb; particularly, if it has been caused by a bump, knock or scratching. Pain will reduce after a couple of days, but of course will return if draining or surgery are performed to treat the hematoma.
Can a dog ear hematoma heal on its own
In some cases dog ear hematoma can be left to heal on its own. The body reabsorbs the fluid and blood and the swelling subsides. In more serious cases, the ear does not revert back to its previous appearance. Also, as the cause of the hematoma can often be due to other issues, such as mites, skin or ear infections or skin irritations, it is not a good idea to ignore it. The problem is unlikely to go away.
What happens if a dog ear hematoma is left untreated
The severity of the hematoma very much decides whether leaving it untreated will cause a problem or not. The challenge with hematomas is in reattaching the skin to the ear cartilage, which separates when the flap swells with blood. The best course of action is to get guidance from a vet. Leaving complex hematomas untreated can cause scarring, leaving a thickened, crinkly ear flap – like a rugby player with 'cauliflower ear'. This is unsightly and can in some cases be very uncomfortable for the animal.
When to call a vet?
In all circumstances it is best to get a vet to check your dog's ear over. Primarily to accurately diagnose that it is a hematoma, but also to establish the reason for its appearance, as well as helping with treatment.
Can a dog ear hematoma burst on its own
No, dog ear hematomas will not burst of their own accord. If untreated they can scar, but smaller ones may disappear as the body reabsorbs the blood, leaving the ear as it was before. The only way for it to "burst" is if your dog pierces it by scratching it.
How to do hematoma treatment / remedy at home
So, how do you drain a dog's ear hematoma? If you feel you must carry out a hematoma drain at home yourself, get hold of a sterilised, surgical needle and syringe. Pierce the swelling and drain the fluid. Wash well with hydrogen peroxide, alcohol or salty water a couple of times a day until the wound has healed.
How long does it take for a dog ear hematoma to go away
Without treatment, hematomas can continue for quite a while (up to a month). Once treatment has been administered (particularly draining or surgery) the ear should heal within one to two weeks.
Related Questions
I'm unsure why my dog's ear flap is swollen
The main causes for a swollen ear are that your dog has a hematoma. If your furry friend is holding its head at an angle, is scratching or shaking its head a lot and the ear feels squishy and is swollen, it is likely to be a