3
second = 5
third = asdf
first = 4
second = 5
third = asdf
first = 5
second = 5
third = asdf
Nifty, I know.
Wrapped Subroutines
Aside from currying, it is possible to have fun with subroutines in another manner: by defining a function wrapper that is executed when sub is called. Wrappers basically allow you to write fairly polymorphic/generic functions, and wrap them with a specific functionality using full Perl 6. It's important to note though, that this wrap actually modifies the function itself; it doesn't return you an anonymous function in a Scalar or somesuch (we'll get to this in a sec.)
All Routine's have a.wrap method. It expects one argument of type Code (a block of code, essentially.) This parameter may have the special expressions callsame,callwith, nextsame and nextwith within it. These all call the original Routine, but you may specify different parameters, etc..
pugs> sub wrapexample($a) {
....> say 'in middle; value passed == '~$a;
....> }
pugs> wrapexample "asdf";
in middle; value passed == asdf
pugs> $h = &wrapexample.wrap({say 'beginning'; callwith(42); say 'end';});
pugs> wrapexample "asdf";
in middle; value passed == 42
The id returned by a.wrap method can later be used to.unwrap the method. A call to.wrap replaces the previous routine definition with what you supply as your Code block, and you may have multiple wraps. Therefore, it's wise to get the return value of.wrap so you may unwrap it later:
pugs> &wrapexample.unwrap($h);
pugs> wrapexample "asdf";
in middle; value passed == asdf
(addendum: so far,.wrap doesn't work like above on pugs r16525; ergo, the above is fabricated, but accurate. It is however documented in S06 and will most likely be implemented sometime in the near future [hopefully.])
Well, in this article I roughly covered subroutines in Perl 6. There're quite a few changes, so you need to adjust to them; none are too daring to accept, however. Next round, I think we'll cover Object-orientation in Perl 6, before moving to Grammars and rules.
Dave Rolsky said...
It's tenets, not tenants. Perl 6 is not a building full of people.
riffraff said...
I think a clarification is needed in the text: "if you do not define parameters explicitly, they will be given as read-only (just copies, not a reference) in _USER_:" shouuld be "if you don't define them as read-write". See S06.
In current pugs though, it will work partly:
sub f($a) {$a++} # raise an error
sub f($a is rw) {$a++} _TAG_ as expected
sub f(_USER_) {_USER_++} # does side effect but should not, I believe
Ben said...
Should definitely think about covering macros too at some point. I played around with them on Pugs a few months ago and they were working then so I'm sure they're suitable material for this series.
austin seipp said...
_USER_: It's on the to-do list, so don't worry. :)
Right now I'm thinking of an interlude however, to look at more functional examples of Perl 6. But Macro's are going to be covered at one point or another.
Anonymous said...
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text:
Above are clips from an MSNBC and a CNN interview with people who saw strange lights in the sky just before/during the Chile earthquake. Just as documented before the 2004 Tsunami, the 2008 China quake, and the 2010 Haiti quake, there is video evidence and many witnesses who saw aurora borealis type lights in the sky. It is NOT a natural phenomenon to see such lights before/during a natural earthquake, however, such a lighting effect IS a common side-effect of HAARP waves coming back down from the Ionosphere. This is very damning evidence.
A bright glow is not a precursor to a natural earthquake. A bright glow was reportedly seen during the time of the Haiti earthquake. Pravda.Ru reported The Russian Navy reports that the U.S. created the earthquake in Haiti, the article archived on NoLiesRadio. A bright glow was seen during the time of China's last powerful earthquake. There is documented evidence that it was created by scalar weapons based on a wedding party video that showed plasma discharge lights in the sky before that earthquake. A bright glow was seen and reported by hundreds of people, locals and tourists, during Vanuatu's 7.3 earthquake in 2002. The writer witnessed that bright glow there during that quake around 4 a.m. Ni-vans, the Republic of Vanuatu's indigenous population and one of the World's oldest living cultures that inhabits a remote and pristine tropical paradise area, reported that they had never before seen a bright glow during earthquakes. (Click here to read more from this article)
Another gauge to check for HAARP's responsibility is the Alaskan Induction Magnometer which basically shows whether or not HAARP is on or off at any particular time. Before/during the 2004 Tsunami, 2005 Katrina, 2008 China quake, and the 2010 Haiti quake, HAARP was indeed turned on and turned up to very high levels. Before yesterday's quake HAARP was turned on once again, this time at very low frequency, for about 8-12 hours ending about 5 hours before (just like Haiti) the quake hit. Not only this, but the USGS actually registered a 2.5 rictor quake in Alaska at the same time as the Chile quake! There are actually 2 HAARP facilities in Alaska, one in Russia, one in Norway, and one in Puerto Rico, unfortunately none of which have an Induction Magnometer in place to check if any of them were fired up in tandem.
There is no officially known numbers of separate HAARP stations worldwide, some say 3-4, 4-6, others as many as 8 to 10, the most well known being in Alaska and Norway (remember the Norway spiral? That happened over a HAARP station). So this technology heats up the ionosphere (an electromagnetic-wave conducting a layer of electrically charged particles acting as a shield from solar winds 62 miles above the earth). Remember there was an earthquake in Alaska today at a scale of 2.5 at the same time as this earthquake in Chile which was at a scale of 8.8, you could draw a straight line on the map between these two locations (Click here to read more from this article).
Above is Juan Andres Salfate on the Chilean conspiracy show, La Conspiración, talking about HAARP with subtitles in English. In Breaking News today, Lori Price, Managing Editor of Citizens for Legitimate Government(CLG) has implied that HARRP could have been involved in Chile's monumental 8.8 earthquake. CLG highlighting HAARP today concurs with a growing number of scientists and the public aware of the HAARP weapon of mass destruction and its geoengineering capacity to trigger "natural disasters" for imperialist political gain (Click here to read more).
To conclude, I'll just leave you with this USGS chart of Worldwide Deadly & Destructive Earthquakes over the past 100 years. Isn't it interesting that we've had a HUGE spike in deadly and destructive earthquakes since the invention of HAARP? Coincidence? You be the judge.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Insurance Underwriters Career
review individual applications for insurance to evaluate degree of risk involved and determine acceptance of applications.
What Job Titles Insurance Underwriters Might Have
- Account Underwriter
- Customer Service Representative
- Personal Lines Underwriter
What Insurance Underwriters Do
- Decrease value of policy when risk is substandard and specify applicable endorsements or apply rating to ensure safe, profitable distribution of risks, using reference materials.
- Decline excessive risks.
- Write to field representatives, medical personnel, or others to obtain further information, quote rates, or explain company underwriting policies.
- Review company records to determine amount of insurance in force on single risk or group of closely related risks.
- Examine documents to determine degree of risk from such factors as applicant financial standing and value and condition of property.
- Authorize reinsurance of policy when risk is high.
- Evaluate possibility of losses due to catastrophe or excessive insurance.
What Insurance Underwriters Should Be Good At
- Written Comprehension - The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
- Oral Comprehension - The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
- Oral Expression - The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
- Written Expression - The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
- Inductive Reasoning - The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
- Deductive Reasoning - The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
- Speech Clarity - The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
What Insurance Underwriters Should Be Interested In
- Conventional - Conventional occupations frequently involve following set procedures and routines. These occupations can include working with data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow.
- Enterprising - Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes they require risk taking and often deal with business.
What Insurance Underwriters Need to Learn
- Medicine and Dentistry - Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
- English Language - Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
- Customer and Personal Service - Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
- Mathematics - Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
- Clerical - Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.
- Education and Training - Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
this page includes information from by the u.s. department of labor, employment and training administration (usdol/eta). used under the license.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Po Leung Kuk Mr. & Mrs. Chan Pak Keung Tsing Yi School
School for Children with
Severe Intellectual Disability
(The following information is provided by the school.)
It is a special school located in Tsing Yi, covering around 5000 square meters. It serves P1-S6 students with severe intellectual disability and/or multiple disabilities, aiming at implementing equal education, respect life and care to the students. Students can explore their potentials and integrate into the community through the school's support. The school has primary section and secondary section, as well as boarding section.
The school provides balance education which focuses on 'Cognitive, Aesthetic, Social, Physical and Moral development'. Students can study in a pleasant learning environment with appropriate teaching and rehabilitation provided. Students can also improve their ability of self-care, social communication, muscle training and prepare well for their future after leaving the school.
The core values of the school are "With student-orientated approach, we progress with innovation; With care and appreciation, we unlock their potential". In order to increase students' self-esteem, confidence and independence, the school focuses on developing students' interests and performance on self-care, sports and arts, which are the opportunities for their personal development in life planning education.
The school strengthens students' ability of self-care and health through routine training. The school walking team and cycling team can strengthen student's ability of using muscles and sports equipment. Students with potential or better abilities will run rather than walk during trainings.
For cycling training, students can practise skills of riding tricycles or bicycles with assisted wheels. The training does not only beneficial to their health but also increases the variety of leisure play they can choose in daily life. Teachers also make sure they have opportunities to select what they like as a part of their living style and thus enhancing their quality of life.
Swimming training also provides suitable sports experience for students of different abilities. In addition to the regular after-school water sports group, which allows students with weaker muscles to perform activities in the hydrotherapy room, students with good gross motor abilities go swimming in Tsing Yi Swimming Pool. By doing this, the school can make good use of community resources, and students can learn social norms and the way of getting along with others. In addition, in order to allow some potential students to have more training systematically, the school also adds swimming coaching and strengthens their training, so as to allow them to enjoy swimming.


text:
Individuals spend billions of dollars every year on precautions to protect themselves from crime. Yet the legal academy has criticized many private precautions because they merely shift crime onto other, less guarded citizens, rather than reduce crime. The conventional wisdom likens such precaution-taking to rent-seeking: citizens spend resources to shift crime losses onto other victims, without reducing the size of those losses to society. The result is an unambiguous reduction in social welfare. This Article argues that the conventional wisdom is flawed because it overlooks how the law systematically understates the harms suffered by some victims of crime, first, by ignoring some types of harm altogether in grading and sentencing decisions, and second, by ignoring wide disparities in the amount of harm caused in individual cases. It follows that the same "crime", as defined by the law, may inflict significantly different amounts of harm on different victims, and by aggregation, on society. Thus it cannot be safely assumed that displacing a given crime from one citizen to the next is necessarily wasteful, from a social point of view. Indeed, this Article argues that shifting crime may be beneficial to society, from an economic point of view, since eggshell victims—those who are harmed more by crime—tend to take more precautions. The implication is that private crime fighting efforts that displace crime—universally criticized in the literature—may be more socially useful than previously acknowledged. The Article concludes by discussing how this insight impacts the ongoing debates over the regulation of precaution-taking.
The Online Companion
& Other Current Events
Sign Up to Join Our Mailing List


text:
A Commercial Lease Application is a legally-binding document that is filled out by a prospective tenant who wishes to use the property for business purposes. The application is used by the landlord to obtain information about the potential renter and use the information given for background checks and credit checks. The application aids the landlord in the process of deciding who to rent their commercial property to. It is also used as a protection against false claims that a landlord chose an applicant for improper or discriminatory reasons. While a landlord can customize the application, it is important that some key information is included.
The application will generally ask for information such as:
- If the potential tenant is a corporation, a partnership, or an individual
- The business' name, address and phone number
- Federal Tax ID number
- With the application, landlords will often request at least 2 years previous tax information. This includes the last 2 annual reports and corporate tax return if the potential client is a corporation. If the prospective tenant is a partnership or an individual the landlord will request the tax returns from at least the last 2 years.
- A description of the intended use of the property
- Current and/or previous landlord's name, address, and phone number
- The number of parking spaces that will be needed
- The number of employees and projected number of future employees
- A Bank reference, including the name of the bank and account number
- Two or more credit references
- And if there will be any hazardous materials and approximate amounts


text:
Since 1916, the Diplomatic Security Service (DSS) and its predecessor agencies have investigated passport and visa crime. The dedicated cadre of special agents, analysts, and support staff coordinate with other federal and international law enforcement agencies to help protect the integrity of the U.S. passport and visa.
The U.S. passport is considered to be the most valuable identity document in the world. It can be used to provide proof of U.S. citizenship and allows its bearer access to virtually every country in the world. People who attempt to obtain a U.S. passport illegally, or use stolen and altered passports, often seek to change their identities and conceal their illegal activities and movements.
The U.S. visa is an equally valuable document. With the U.S. visa, foreign citizens may apply for entry to the United States for a specific purpose, such as work or tourism. Thousands of people, however, illegally attempt to obtain U.S. visas each year to smuggle aliens into the United States, flee from prosecution, traffic drugs, conduct terrorist operations, and commit other crimes.
What is a U.S. passport?
A U.S. passport is a legal form of identity issued by the U.S. government. It provides proof of a person's U.S. citizenship allows U.S. citizens for travel to and from the United States.
What is a U.S. passport card?
In addition to a regular passport, U.S. citizens can also obtain a wallet-size passport card, also considered a travel document. Unlike a regular passport, a passport card can only be used to re-enter the United States at land border-crossings and sea ports-of-entry from Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean, and Bermuda.
The card provides a less expensive, smaller, and convenient alternative to the regular passport for those who travel frequently to these destinations by land or by sea.
The Department of State began issuing the passport card in July 2008.
Common types of passport fraud:
- Using the identity of a deceased person to apply for a passport;
- Using phony support documents, such as fake birth certificates, when applying for a passport or visa;
- Using a stolen or altered passports; and
- Circumventing the two-parent signature requirement for children to obtain a passport.
Common reasons criminals commit passport fraud:
- Concealing identity
- Illegally entering the United States or avoiding deportation from the United States;
- Committing financial crimes; and
- Facilitating other criminal activity such as drug trafficking or alien smuggling.
What is a U.S. visa?
A citizen of a foreign country who seeks to enter the United States generally must first obtain a U.S. visa, which is placed in the traveler's passport. Certain international travelers may be eligible to travel to the United States without a visa if they meet the requirements for visa-free travel.
There are two types of visas:
Immigrant visa: For people who intend to live permanently in the United States, as provided by the Immigration and Nationality Act.
Nonimmigrant visa: For people who wish to visit the United States temporarily — for tourism, medical treatment, business, temporary work, or study.
Common types of visa fraud:
- Presenting false documents to apply for a visa;
- Concealing facts that would disqualify one from getting a visa,such as the applicant's criminal history;
- Selling, trafficking, or transferring of otherwise authentic visas;
- Misrepresenting the reasons for seeking a visa; and
- Counterfeiting, creating forgery, or altering of a visa.
Common reasons criminals commit visa fraud:
- Smuggling undocumented immigrants into the United States;
- Fleeing from prosecution in another country;
- Drug trafficking and terrorist operations; and
- Assisting with other crimes.


Action Games
Chubby Bunny Game
Summary: A hilarious action game that involves stuffing marshmallows in your mouth and trying to yell, "Chubby Bunny!"
Ages: 10 and up. Recommended number of players: 3 and up. Messiness factor: Have a trash can and paper towels ready for a marshmallow mess. Materials required: A few bags of medium to large sized marshmallows.
Chubby Bunny
Chubby Bunny is a simple yet hilarious game that involves adding marshmallows to players' mouths, one at a time, and getting players to yell the words "Chubby Bunny."
How to play: Have three or more players go to the front of the room. Have paper towels or a large trash can ready, as this game can end up being a bit messy. Open up a bag of medium to large sized marshmallows. Give a marshmallow to each player, and have them insert it into their mouth. Do not let them chew or swallow the marshmallow. After each player has inserted a marshmallow in their mouth, each player takes turns screaming, "Chubby Bunny!"
If each person is successful in yelling the words with the marshmallow in their mouth, they survive and continue playing the game. Give each player another marshmallow. They must insert this marshmallow and yell "Chubby Bunny!" again. This process continues, and each player's mouth will start to become full of marshmallows. As long as the player can yell "Chubby Bunny" successfully without losing any marshmallows out of their mouth, they keep playing. When a person is unable to yell "Chubby Bunny," they are out of the game.
Warning: Be careful! This game can lead to choking if improperly played. Always supervise players. Safety first!
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of maths!
message = "Hello, World!"
w, h = font.getsize(message)
x = (inky_display.WIDTH / 2) - (w / 2)
y = (inky_display.HEIGHT / 2) - (h / 2)
The x and y variables will tell the draw.text() function where to place the top left corner of our text. We'll also have to tell the function what colour we want the text (RED, BLACK, or WHITE), and pass it our font variable. Last of all, we'll set the image with inky_display.set_image(img) and call the inky_display.show() function to tell Inky wHAT to refresh the display with our text.
draw.text((x, y), message, inky_display.RED, font)
inky_display.set_image(img)
inky_display.show()
Try experimenting with different text colours, fonts, and sizes!
Displaying images on Inky wHAT
Displaying images on Inky wHAT requires a little bit of jiggery-pokery to prepare your images properly. They should be PNG-8 images, 400x300 pixels, and in indexed colour mode with a palette of just three colours - black, white, and red - in exactly that order.
We'll run through how to prepare a simple image for Inky wHAT in the free graphics package for Linux, GIMP.
First, in the terminal, we'll install GIMP by typing sudo apt-get install gimp and then open it by typing gimp.
Go to the File menu and click New to create a new file. Make the image width 400 pixels and the image height 300 pixels.
Draw your picture. We went for a simple rectangle and circle in black and red.
Once you've finished drawing your picture, you'll need to change the colour palette of the image to a three colour, indexed colour palette image, with the colours in the order white, black, red.
Go to the Image menu, then Mode, and select Indexed.
We've created an Inky colour palette that you can use. In the terminal, type git clone _URL_ to clone the GitHub repo. You'll find the colour palette at inky/tools/inky-palette.gpl.
Select Use custom palette, then click the Palette selection dialogue button. Select Palette file and then select the inky-palette.gpl palette file from the GitHub repo that we just cloned.
The last thing to do is to export the image as a PNG. Go to the File menu and then select Export as. Give your file a filename (we called ours inky.png) and save it in your home directory, /home/pi. A dialogue box should pop up with the options for saving it. Make sure that you check the Save background colour checkbox, then click Export.
Now we have to display our image on Inky wHAT. If you haven't made an image, you can try displaying the Inky pHAT logo file that's in the GitHub repo at inky/examples/what/resources/InkywHAT-400x300.png.
In the terminal, type the following, remembering that you'll have to type the boilerplate for the Inky library and PIL again if you left the Python prompt, and replacing the filename with the name of your own image file if it's different to ours:
img = Image.open("/home/pi/inky.png")
inky_display.set_image(img)
inky_display.show()
Your Inky wHAT should now be displaying your glorious art.
Let's take it a little further and see how to take something like a photo and convert it to be displayed on Inky wHAT, all within PIL.
Converting images to be displayed on Inky wHAT
Here's what we'll do:
 1. Open the image
 2. Resize it to be 300 pixels tall
 3. Crop the image
 4. Convert the image to use the 3-colour palette used by Inky wHAT
We found a really nice geometric pattern that works really nicely with Inky wHAT and this dithering method on Unsplash. It's below, if you want to use it, or you can find it in the examples/what/resources/ folder, where it's called pattern-3.jpg.
In the terminal, type the following in your Python prompt to load in the image:
img = Image.open("pattern-3.jpg")
We're going to do some rejigging of it to resize, crop, resample, and recolour it. First, we'll get the dimensions of the image we loaded and create some variables that'll be the new sizes we want to resize to.
w, h = img.size
h_new = 300
w_new = int((float(w) / h) * h_new)
w_cropped = 400
The w_new and h_new are the width and height that we're going to resize the image to. We use the aspect ratio of the original image to calculate the width. Because this image is a bit wider than 4:3, we'll crop the width down to 400 later.
img = img.resize((w_new, h_new), resample=Image.LANCZOS)
We're using Lanczos resampling which should give a really nice resized image.
Next, we're going to crop the image, so we have to work out the top left (x0, y0) and bottom right (x1, y1) pixel coordinates that we'll crop to.
x0 = (w_new - w_cropped) / 2
x1 = x0 + w_cropped
y0 = 0
y1 = h_new
And now we can crop it!
img = img.crop((x0, y0, x1, y1))
The final thing we need to do is to convert the image from an RGB palette to a white/black/red one that's compatible with Inky wHAT.
pal_img = Image.new("P", (1, 1))
pal_img.putpalette((255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 255, 0, 0) + (0, 0, 0) * 252)
img = img.convert("RGB").quantize(palette=pal_img)
The two pal_img lines are creating the palette that we use for the conversion, and the quantize method takes care of mapping the two palettes.
Finally, let's display the converted image on Inky wHAT!
inky_display.set_image(img)
inky_display.show()
You can find the whole example in the downloaded examples in /home/pi/Pimoroni/inky/examples/what/ and run it as follows:
python dither-image-what.py --colour "red" --image "resources/pattern-3.jpg"
There are also a couple of other nice images from Unsplash in the resources folder that work really well with Inky wHAT.
Taking it further
The larger size of the display on Inky wHAT really opens up loads of possibilities to do interesting things with it. There's plenty of space to show lots of text, data, graphs, icons, you name it!
Here's a few ideas we thought of:
 - a detailed weather display with 5-day forecast
 - graphing sensor data from one of our BME680 environmental sensors
 - a to-do list
 - household chores rota
 - news headlines
 - a tiny, palm-sized e-reader, using Button SHIM as the controls
Shopping basket
Need something for this project? You can use the links below to add products to your Pimoroni Shop basket for easy checkout.
Inky wHAT (ePaper/eInk/EPD)
Black/White £42.60
Inky wHAT (ePaper/eInk/EPD)
Red/Black/White £49.50
Inky wHAT (ePaper/eInk/EPD)
Yellow/Black/White £49.50
Raspberry Pi Zero
£4.80
Raspberry Pi Zero W
£9.30
Raspberry Pi 4
1GB RAM £33.90
Raspberry Pi 4
2GB RAM £44.10
Raspberry Pi 4
4GB RAM £54.00
Official Raspberry Pi Universal Power Supply (Pi 3 & Zero Only)
£8.10
Universal USB-C Power Supply - 5.1V 3A
£9.00
NOOBS 32GB microSD card (3.1)
£9.00
Antex XS25 Soldering Iron (UK Plug)
£30.00
Antex Lead Free Solder 2m
£3.00
GPIO Hammer Header (Solderless)
Male + Female + Installation Jig £6.00
GPIO Hammer Header (Solderless)
Male £2.10
GPIO Hammer Header (Solderless)
Female £3.00
Want to checkout or change something? Click here to view your cart.
Tutorial
Beginner
Raspberry Pi, Pi Zero
Sandy Macdonald
_EMAIL_
@sandyjm


text:
Sunday Adelaja, The Mountain Of Ignorance Quotes
Find the best Sunday Adelaja, The Mountain of Ignorance quotes with images from our collection at QuotesLyfe. You can download, copy and even share it on Facebook, Instagram, Whatsapp, Linkedin, Pinterst, Reddit, etc. with your family, friends, colleagues, etc. The available pictures of Sunday Adelaja, The Mountain of Ignorance quotes can be used as your mobile or desktop wallpaper or screensaver.
Your level of knowledge determines if you can be a priest for God or not.
We have to make it a personal responsibility to eradicate ignorance from our society.
The higher the proportion of adults with low literacy proficiency is, the slower the overall long-term GDP growth rate is.
A person who falsely believes he or she is knowledgeable will not seek out clarification of his or her beliefs, but rather rely on his or her ignorant position.
Ignorance can stifle learning, especially if the ignorant person believes that he or she is not ignorant.
Illiteracy breeds more ignorance than you can ever begin to imagine.
We must eradicate ignorance and illiteracy from our nations and continent to the nearest minimum for us to have a national development.
It's like we are having a harvest of destruction in our nations, continent and world today, all because of ignorance.
There is no other force destroying us like ignorance.
It means that the lack of knowledge is the foundation for all life failures, destruction, depression, difficulties, hatred, bitterness, envy, etc.
Knowledge acted upon makes all the difference, produces the different results we have in life.
There are several grave consequences that come with lack of knowledge, the paramount is destruction.
When you live in darkness, you live under the ruler-ship of the devil.
When you live in light, you live under God's rulership.
Light generates life and causes it to grow.
Ignorance is darkness.
God is helpless in our area of ignorance.
The only power the devil has is in our area of ignorance.
God is limited by our ignorance.
God can only relate with us based on our level of knowledge.
Life comes from light: if we are under God's shining light, life will be generated and the divine life will grow in us.
Where there is darkness, there is chaos and confusion, but when light shines, things are set in order and the light rules and governs.
The reason there's no oneness and no harmony in the church is because the believers don't habitually walk in the light and they don't constantly allow God's light (knowledge) to shine in them.
The instability and disorderliness we have in Nigeria today and Africa at large is totally due to the absence of this light.
When there's darkness, there are all kinds of evil things happening, rebellion is there, and corruption is operating.
Ignorance actually limits God from intervening in the misfortunes of our personal lives and that of our society.
If God can only relate with us based on our level of knowledge that means God is limited to our ignorance.
We can choose to live under the ruler-ship of God or under the ruler-ship of the devil.
When we begin to shine, the darkness of ignorance will disappear from our society.
Believers must step out of the four walls of the church and take the gospel of the kingdom into every sphere of life.
We have to seek knowledge, and infuse ourselves with so much light that can only come from knowledge.
We must be true ambassadors of Christ on the earth in order to be able to put an end to the plague of ignorance in our society.
Illiteracy is the number one promoter of ignorance.
Illiteracy is simply the inability to read and write.
God has no regard for the ignorant.
When you reject knowledge, God rejects you.
Your level of knowledge will determine the level at which God relates with you.
Study to show yourself qualified for God's use.
The number one price of ignorance is destruction.
God cannot help you in your ignorance.
Lack of knowledge leads to rejection by God.
God hates ignorance.
The main recipients of injustice in any society are the afflicted the distressed and the troubled one, both in soul and in body.
People who don't feel insulted by the ungodliness and injustice around them do not do anything about it.
Heaven will always support your godly move be it a righteous cause or be it a desire to see people free from what has held them down.
It is the people who are afflicted with ungodliness and injustice that would cry unto the Lord for change.
God is reciprocally responding to the cry of the afflicted.
Individuals should take personal responsibility for knowledge acquisition and campaigns against ignorance.
For any display of displeasure or anger against injustice and ungodliness, there is a reward and a godly result.
Take a step towards actualizing the very thing you are persuaded for and do not allow injustice to silence your voice.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The economics of pollution and non-renewable material surcharges
Market based instruments
If renewable solutions were cheaper for firms to use, they would. This is how price signals function to steer the behaviour of firms. For the circular economy to function, price signals should favour circular products and production methods. In other words, it needs to make better business sense to install circular and renewable energy infrastructure, and to install and use infrastructure that uses recycled materials. Without that, the linear economy – one that inputs extracted materials and outputs materials as waste will continue to be the modus operandi of the profitable firm.
This article explores how to use price signals to steer firms' buying behaviour in a way that keeps the economy stable. Market-based instruments are financial mechanisms that steer price signals to guide the behaviour of firms and markets in general.
From the equation above it follows that the relative prices of renewable energy compared to fossil will affect the choice of energy source and the end-price of the product. So will too the price of circular materials over extracted materials affect sourcing decisions. If renewable energy is more expensive to utilize then fossil energy will be substituted. The same goes for recycled materials being substituted for extracted ones.
As proposed by the Swedish Sustainable Economy Foundation, a progressive extraction surcharge (or import surcharge) on for example fossil fuels could be levied when the material enters the economy.This surcharge is raised at regular intervals. This is a process of discovery; the levy is raised until sustainable products reach price parity with unsustainable alternatives. We can represent this in the equation below.
A surcharge on waste leaving the firm could have the same effect, assuming the surcharges are carried over to the final consumer price. This makes sustainable products competitive:
However, introducing the fee would make the overall range of product offering more expensive to the end-user.
To redress the imbalance, all or most of the fees levied should be returned to tax payers as a dividend. Guaranteeing the repayment of a sufficient fraction of the dividend in equal amounts to every tax payer by law will be an important step in an Environmental Fiscal Reform and an essential component for majority support in a functioning Circular Economy. The repayment is needed to secure that the majority of the tax payers will always receive more dividend (repayment) each month than their increased cost of living due to the fees levied to correct the price signals and to create a sustainable economic incentive structure.


text:
J Equine Vet Sci. 2022 Mar 17:103933. doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.103933. Online ahead of print.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the plasma pharmacokinetics, short-term safety, and synovial fluid levels of cannabidiol (CBD) following oral administration in horses.
DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled study.
ANIMALS: Twelve institution-leased healthy adult horses.
PROCEDURES: Twelve horses were administered sunflower lecithin oil-based CBD at 1mg/kg (Group 1) or 3mg/kg (Group 2) for a 24-hour pharmacokinetic study. Horses then received 0.5mg/kg (Group 1) or 1.5mg/kg (Group 2) CBD q12 PO for 6 weeks, with steady state and elimination sampling performed up to 96 hours post-final dose. Synovial fluid CBD concentrations were evaluated at 12 and 24 hours, and 5 weeks. Horses were monitored daily and clinicopathologic parameters were evaluated.
RESULTS: Mean ± SD Cmax and tmax were 4.3 ± 2.1 ng/ml and 4.1 ± 4.1 hours, and 19.9 ± 15.6 ng/ml and 5.0 ± 3.7 hours for Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Following the final dose at 6 weeks, one Group 2 horse still had detectable plasma levels at 96 hours. CBD was detectable in synovial fluid in 8/12 horses during steady state. Mild hypocalcemia was seen in all horses and elevated liver enzymes were observed in 8/12 horses, but these changes decreased or normalized within 10 days after the final CBD dose.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: CBD has dose-dependent, but variable, oral bioavailability at 1 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg daily dosing. CBD is consistently detectable at steady state in synovial fluid at the higher dose. Further investigation is needed to establish clinically effective doses.


text:
The thermal performance of each test cells will be monitored continually from this winter until autumn 2007. The cells will be heated. So, sensors will be used to
- control and measuring the heating,
- determine temperature variation in various parts of the room;
- measure heat movement through the cells' fabric; and
- Monitor air movement in the roof and sub-floor spaces.
In addition, local weather conditions will be monitored and recorded.
Controlling the heating
The regulatory modelling program, AccuRate, estimates the amount of energy required to keep specific rooms at a comfortable temperature during different times of the day. To replicate this, the heater in each cell will be controlled by internal temperature sensor. Running time and energy use will be measured and recorded.
Temperature in a room is not consistent. It is influenced by height in the room, proximity of hot and cold surfaces such as walls, and draughts and other air movement. Temperature will be measured at three heights (0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 m high) at each of nine points in the cells. This is shown in Image 3 below.
Heat movement through the fabric
Heat moves through each surface of the cells, ceiling and roof, walls and floor. To measure this heat flow and the thermal performance of the construction systems, temperature sensors are positioned:
- At each material surface in the centre of the north and south walls;
- At each material surface in the centre of the ceiling and across the roof sheet on the centre of the north facing roof segment; and
- At each material surface in the centre of the floor. As the slab may use the ground under it as a heat sink, temperature is also measured one meter under ground in the centre of each cell.
Air movement under the timber sub-floors and in the roof spaces influences the flow of heat through the floor and the ceiling. Air movement sensors will be positioned in the centre of the floor and ceiling space of each module.
The collected data will be analysed to compare actual thermal performance to that predicted by AccuRate. This will provide a critical but objective comparison between the performance accessed by the rating software and the measured performance of three similar test cells.


Capillary Filtration
Description
Capillary filtration works on the same basis as tubular filtration, utilizing cross flow as opposed to dead end. The only difference is that the tubes in capillary filtration are smaller, like a capillary, than those used in tubular filtration.
How it works
An outer body called a shell is packed full of small tube like structures akin to capillaries. Water flows across the inside of the capillary tubes and travels through the pores in the capillaries, exiting through the top of the shell as permeate. As the water travels down the capillary length, it exits the other size of the capillary tube as concentrate.
Disadvantages
Capillary filtration suffers from the same problems as tubular, though these issues are not as extreme because of the smaller size. Since capillary tubes are only slightly smaller, packing density is still an issue. Because of the decreased size as well, fouling is more likely to occur. Rigidity and strength are not as high as tubular filtration units as well.
Advantages
Capillary filtration sacrifices some of the rigidity gained from a large structure for increased packing density. This offers some advantages over tubular modules where support and/or durability are not key factors. The packing density is greater than tubular modules but less than hollow fiber and spiral wound elements.
LC19 - Capillary Module
CASE STUDY
Applications
Resources
MEMBRANE RESOURCES
Membranes 101
Membranes 102
Module Configurations & Processes
-> View all membrane resources
TUTORIALS
thumb5

thumb

th2

th3


text:
Umqua River Lighthouse
The Umqua River Light
is located just south of Reedsport at the entrance to Winchester Bay. This
is the second light to be contructed here. The first was built in 1857 and
was the first lighthouse on the Oregon coast. However, because of the unstable
ground and the eroding sands, this light fell into the sea in 1861. Two new
lights were commissioned at the same time, the Umqua River and Heceta Head.
They were designed by the same company and to be built at the same time.
The Umqua River Lighthouse
encountered several problems along the way. First, their contractor went bankrupt
putting a halt to the building. Once back on track, their lens was delivered
but they were not yet ready to install it so it was sent up the coast to Heceta
Head and installed there. When they were finally ready, a new lens arrived
but it didn't fit. It was bigger and used a slightly different rotating system
than originally designed so they made the modifications and finally installed
their light. Umqua River Lighthouse was first lit on December 31, 1894.
This lighthouse is
unique in that it has a red and white light signature. There were only 6 lens
of this type ever manufactured and today the light at Umqua River is the only
one still complete and still standing on it's original structure, a rare find
Tours are available
for this wonderful lighthouse and Bob, your tour guide, is absolutely fascinating.
You will hear the complete history of the light, enjoy a few laughs AND get
to go up and see inside this fabulous lens.
Newest Additions June '07
We shot these from the "view point" on Hwy 101 above. You can see the rare and unique red colored lens, even without a zoom lens or binoculars.
all photos ©
this site owned and maintained by R.Wrede,
© all rights reserved.


User:ZarHakkar/Dimute, legacy (5e Race)
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< User:ZarHakkar(Redirected from Dimute (5e Race))
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Physical Description[edit]
A lone dimute in the Underdark
Dimutes resemble small shards or pieces of flat rock or crystal suspended in a glowing field in a vaguely humanoid form.
The majority of dimutes are created as a byproduct of mana faults, large crevices in the earth that geyser with natural arcane energy. They are often captured or harvested by the other sentient species of the Underdark, such as the drow. Some are kept as pets, while others find their way into magical charms or other items.
Dimutes tend to congregate around the mana faults that created them, appearing in their dormant form as crystal or rock shards that project from the edges of the fault. The local magic of the fault recharges their own internal energies and, due to this effect, some dimutes end up living for thousands of years. Occasionally, lone dimutes break off from the group to wander throughout the Underdark. Most feral creatures of the Underdark tend to leave them alone, as they are not edible and tend to explode when destroyed. They are very curious and their behavior is what might be described as easygoing.
Dimute Names[edit]
Dimutes tend to take auditory names that are related to the natural magical processes that created them. These names are simply for personal aesthetic, as they have no means of communicating them.
Examples: (the sound of a crackling mana fault), (the sound of crystals clinking together), (the whoosh of air through a tunnel)
Dimute Traits[edit]
A race of tiny, magically charged elemental constructs that arise from natural processes.
Ability Score Increase. Your Charisma increases by 1.
Age. Some dimutes can live for up to 200 years before their magical charge finally expires.
Alignment. Dimutes tend towards neutrality, but they can be any alignment.
Size. Dimutes can vary from anywhere between 3 inches to 10 inches tall, and average about 3 pounds. Your size is Tiny.
Speed. Dimutes hover slightly off the ground. Your base hovering speed is 20 feet.
Blindsight. You have blindsight for 30 feet.
Pronged Forelimbs. You cannot use tools or hold weapons, but your unarmed strike deals piercing damage instead of bludgeoning.
Freeform. You can arrange the floating components that make up your body into any arrangement you wish and you are immune to the prone condition, but you cannot wear armor.
Glowing Body. Your body gives off a dim, arcane light, giving you disadvantage on Stealth checks to hide in darkness.
Elemental Construct. You do not need to eat, breathe, or sleep. Instead of sleeping, you enter a dormant state for 4 hours in which you are completely aware of your surroundings. After resting in this way, you gain the same benefit that a human does from 8 hours of sleep. You are also immune to disease and the poisoned condition.
Arcane Battery. Your body has a natural magic charge that dissipates explosively when your form is fatally compromised. When you die from taking damage, all creatures within a 5 foot radius must make a DC 11 Dexterity saving throw or they will take 1d4 + your Constitution modifier force damage, or half on a successful save.
Antimagic Susceptibility. Both your sentience and animation are due to the magic charge hosted within your body, making you extremely vulnerable to antimagic effects. You are rendered unconscious while in the area of an antimagic field. If targeted by dispel magic, you must succeed on a Constitution saving throw against the caster's spell save DC or you become nothing but an inert pile of crystals, killing you instantly.
Languages. You know Primordial and one other language of your choice, but you cannot speak.
Random Height and Weight[edit]
0′ 2″ +1d8 0 lb. × (0.5) lb.
*Height = base height + height modifier
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text:
The Historic Railroad Depot was the first passenger loading area and mail station in the central valley. The Depot was a source of pride and the center of the town. By 1919 the railroad departed Basalt.
From 1930 the building has been repurposed . . . — — Map (db m152905) HM
In 1883, investors created the Colorado Midland Railroad and built track from Colorado Springs to Buena Vista. In 1885 the CMR began tunneling under Hagerman pass, on to Aspen Junction and then to Aspen and Grand Junction. This was the first great . . . — — Map (db m152985) HM
The durable Colorado Midland Depot in Basalt has had a wide and varied career over its 127 years of existence and is still going strong today.
Constructed in 1886, the Railroad Depot was the first passenger loading area and mail station in the . . . — — Map (db m152903) HM
In the lower left corner of the large photo, you can see the edge of the roof of a house, which you are now facing. Constructed as a residence circa 1890, Frank Snell's home was destroyed in the fire of 1897 that devastated the western end of . . . — — Map (db m152902) HM
In March 1908, the "Potato Special" pulled into the Valley. Staffed by government
agents, they promoted the potato, illustrating the latest tools, species and techniques.
The local ranchers took notice, and by 1922 more potatoes were grown . . . — — Map (db m152901) HM
Basalt was formed in the late 1800s. Settlement of the West was influenced by many factors: miners looking for precious metals; ranchers providing meat, grains and vegetables; and the railroads, which served both. Railroads became the lifelines that . . . — — Map (db m152906) HM
Skiing in Colorado
The earliest recorded use of skis in Colorado dates to 1857, when mountain guide Jim Bridger fashioned a crude pair to bail out an army unit snowbound in the San Juan Mountains. Such was the function of "snowshoes" . . . — — Map (db m120241) HM
Camp Hale is the only site developed by the United States Army specifically for mountain and winter warfare training. The location provided natural features necessary for training and convenient access by both a Federal Highway and the Denver & Rio . . . — — Map (db m69168) HM


text:
Latin evaginare, to unsheath; ex-,from +vagina, sheath
evaginate (third-person singular simple present evaginates, present participle evaginating, simple past and past participle evaginated)
- (intransitive) To evert a body organ inside surface to outside.
- (transitive) To cause a body organ or part to become inside-out.
- second-person plural present active imperative of ēvāgīnō


text:
Dmytro Fishman, Chief Science Officer and Founder at Better Medicine
's portfolio company Better Medicine
- co-founded by the University of Tartu Institute of Computer Science lecturer, has received a large grant from European Innovation Council's Accelerator.
Thanks to cutting-edge research at the Institute of Computer Science, Better Medicine, a company that automates the analysis of cancer CT scans, has received a boost. Better Medicine was recently awarded with a €2.5 million grant from the European Innovation Council's Accelerator.
, Lecturer in Artificial Intelligence at the Institute of Computer Science and co-founder of Better Medicine,
says that thanks to high-level research in applying artificial intelligence, a company was born that started looking for practical solutions to make life easier for doctors and patients. "At the Institute of Computer Science, we do world-class research that helps companies find and maintain their competitive advantage, and that is why companies should be more bold in investing in R&D,
" says Dmytro Fishman.
The collaboration between the Institute of Computer Science and Better Medicine has been mutually beneficial and has resulted in an innovative way to analyse CT scans. In particular, the AI-powered solution, unlike other methods in use, is able to detect the metastatic spread of cancer in different organs throughout the body and assess disease progression and response to treatment. Given that metastatic cancer is responsible for 90% of all cancer deaths, Better Medicine is transforming the diagnostic market by significantly reducing the time to diagnose metastases.
The European Innovation Council Accelerator has recently provided support to several Estonian health technology start-ups. Among others, Better Medicine received a €2.5 million grant.
"It is really hard to overstate the importance of this accomplishment for our company, but also for the entire field. I could not be happier. Years of research are being put into practice for the sake of doctors and patients. This is really the main reason why I became a scientist.
" added Dmytro Fishman.
Read more (in Estonian):
Eesti AI-ettevõte aitab tuvastada vähi levikut terves kehas ning hinnata haiguse progresseerumist ja ravivastust - Forte (delfi.ee)
**Photo credit: Accuray on Unsplash
/ Henry Narits


text:
Barbed Wire University tells the extraordinary tale of Winston Churchill's internment of some of the most gifted Jewish refugee writers, professors, artists and painters of their generation in a camp on the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea. These were men who had fled Hitler's Germany, found refuge in Britain and then in the hysteria of 1940 were held in captivity as a perceived security threat. They turned the camp―Camp Hutchinson―into a school, concert hall and artistic community.
Using memoirs and diaries, some of which have only recently become available in archives, Dave Hannigan pieces together a richly detailed account of what these remarkable men did during their time in captivity. This is a forgotten corner of World War II and the way these men constructed a Bohemian idyll in the middle of the Irish Sea, their freedom taken from them, is an extraordinary tale of grit and creativity.


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Convection described by Lorenz's Equation Bifurcation
 1. Sep 3, 2006 #1
 Hi all!
 I am currently reading the text "Practical Bifurcation and Stability Analysis" by Seyedel for an introduction to practical bifurcation theory.
 I do not tatolly understand the theory and hope that some of you could help explain to an idiot like me.
 I have read till P.80 of the books (I scanned a few pages, see below please).
 I would like to ask, in the bifurcation diagram, there is a hopf bifurcation at R=33.45. My intuition is that, there are periodic oscialltions from R=29 to 33.45, is it correct? But why would there be period obits at R=22.3, R=19 as given by below diagrams?
 I thought that at R=22.3 or 19, there are just stable and unstabl equilibria as indicated in the bifurcation diagram, why would there be periodic orbits?
 I am sure that something is wrong with my concepts, please kindly rectify me.
 Attached Files:
 2. jcsd
 3. Sep 3, 2006 #2
 User Avatar
 Staff Emeritus
 Science Advisor
 Stable and unstable equilibria will not result in Hopf bifurcation. You have to have periodic orbits of "cascading" periods in order to have that kind of chaotic bifurcation.
 4. Sep 3, 2006 #3
 Isn't a hopf birfurcation a birfurcation from a branch of equilibria to a branch of periodic oscillations? (periodoic oscillations = periodic orbits = closed trajectories?)
 Last edited: Sep 3, 2006
 5. Sep 3, 2006 #4
 I jstu interpret the bifurcatio diagram as follows:
 For R<29, there are only stable and unstable equilibria, no periodic orbits since the hopf bifurcation value is not reached yet.
 The hopf bifurcation exist when R=33.45 where periodoic orbits are born but STOP AT R=29???? (I know it is wrong...but what does the shaded area means?)
 Or it means for R<33.45, period orbits are born? That means there are periodoic orbits where all values of R on the left of the hopf bifurcation value? But why the curved dashed curve end around R= 29? I just don't get it...
 Please kindly help.
 6. Sep 13, 2006 #5
 User Avatar
 Steady states undergo Hopf bifurcations; steady states on the bifurcating branch then have an extra pair of complex conjugate eiegnvalues in the right-half of their stability plane.
 A branch of periodic solutions emanate from a Hopf bifurcation.
 Equilibria (staedy states) undergo Hopf bifurcations. The periodic orbit which emanates from this point may undergo a period-doubling cascade to chaos - though there are other routes
 In your second thumbnail, you have a subcritical Hopf bifurcation (criticality can be determined from the Jacobian or higher order terms of normal form in more complex systems). This results in an unstable periodic solution growing in the "backward" direction. Your steady state was initially stable (solid line) but becomes unstable after the bifurcaiton (dashed line).
 Fig.2.32 presumably shows this unstable periodic solution.
 In your last thumbnail, I don't have Seydel on me so can't look it up, but is that the branch of periodic solutions (shown in dots) cutting back on itself. In this figure, I don't think they indicate stability - 1. the steady state is shown as solid after the bifurcation (if it is steady state); 2. After such a cut-back, of periodic solutions emanating from a Hopf bifurcation, you would expect the periodic solutions to undergo a saddle-node bifurcation of limit cycles and acheive stability, of which I see no indication.
 Through in more details if you want - we don't get many bifurcation questions on here, well not enough!:smile:
 Last edited: Sep 13, 2006
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Similar Discussions: Convection described by Lorenz's Equation Bifurcation
 1. Lorenz Equations (Replies: 0)
 2. Lorenz Equations (Replies: 1)


1
$\begingroup$
I am trying to do the following:
I have a simple 2x2 matrix that depends on three parameters (physically -- momentum coordinates kx, ky, kz). Then I want to replace each of these parameters by a matrix block of size "cut x cut" (physically -- Peirels substitutaion with a cut-off). The results is a "2*cut x 2*cut" matrix. I want to study eigenvalues of this matrix.
Let me show how I implement this, step by step, in my code. The problem is that in the end I get wrong results, and I don't understand why.
First, I define the small matrix that depends on three parameters. For example (although in general I also have powers of kx,ky,kz):
H[kx_,ky_,kz_]:=kx*PauliMatrix[1]+ky*PauliMatrix[2]+kz*PauliMatrix[3];
Next, I know I will replace parameters kx, ky, kz (and potentially also their powers) by some matrix blocks. I define these blocks as follows:
a[cut_] := Module[
 {c = cut, t},
 t = ConstantArray[0, {c, c}];
 Do[t[[i, i + 1]] = Sqrt[i], {i, 1, c - 1}];
 t
 ];
aDag[cut_] := ConjugateTranspose[a[cut]];
eye[cut_] := IdentityMatrix[cut];
Now I substitute the parameters kx,ky,kz by the blocks defined above:
HLLz[kz_, cut_] :=
 ArrayFlatten[
 H[kx, ky, kz] /. {kx -> (a[cut] + aDag[cut])/Sqrt[2],
 ky -> I*(a[cut] - aDag[cut])/Sqrt[2],
 kz -> kz*IdentityMatrix[cut]}];
For example,
HLLz[kz, 6] // MatrixForm
Eigenvalues[HLLz[kz, 3]] // MatrixForm
correctly output
enter image description here
These eigenvalues can be plotted as a function of kz
Plot[Sort[{-kz, kz, -Sqrt[2 + kz^2], Sqrt[2 + kz^2], -Sqrt[4 + kz^2],
 Sqrt[4 + kz^2]}, Greater], {kz, -2, 2}]
Leading again to a correct output
enter image description here
However, when I calculate the eigenvalues and plot them in one step (for example when I want to apply this calculations to more complicated models which do not have analytic solution for eigenvalues), I get something wrong. This piece of code:
Plot[Sort[Eigenvalues[HLLz[kz, 3]], Greater], {kz, -2, 2}]
outputs the following different and wrong plot of eigenvalues:
enter image description here
Could anybody explain to me why the two pieces of code yield different plots? How do I correct the latter piece of code where I calculate the eigenvalues and plot them in a single cell/step?
$\endgroup$
4
 - $\begingroup$ Still trying to trace down exactly where the error is, but it's due to calling HLLz with a numerical input: evaluate Eigenvalues[HLLz[0.1, 3]] and Eigenvalues[HLLz[kz, 3]] /. kz -> 0.1. $\endgroup$
 – march
 Commented Apr 10, 2019 at 18:17
 - $\begingroup$ Make the following modifications: In the definition of HLLz[kz_, cut_], use HLLz[kzp_, cut_] instead and modify kz -> kz*IdentityMatrix[cut] to kz -> kzp*IdentityMatrix[cut]. It's hard to trace out exactly what is happening, but by using the same symbol there and plugging in numbers before the replacement happens, the final (numerical) matrix is wrong, and so the eigenvalues are wrong. $\endgroup$
 – march
 Commented Apr 10, 2019 at 18:20
 - $\begingroup$ I see. Yes this is making sense, and seems to correct the output. Thank you @march ! $\endgroup$ Commented Apr 10, 2019 at 18:22
 - $\begingroup$ I'll go ahead and write an answer so that this Q&A can be completed. $\endgroup$
 – march
 Commented Apr 10, 2019 at 18:22
1 Answer 1
0
$\begingroup$
It's hard to trace out exactly what is happening (for instance by using Trace: there is just too much there to sift through), but problem is in the definition of HLLz and the difference between calling it with a symbolic vs a numerical kz. Note that
Eigenvalues[HLLz[kz, 3]] /. kz -> 0.1
(* {-0.1, 0.1, -1.41774, 1.41774, -2.0025, 2.0025} *)
is correct whereas
Eigenvalues[HLLz[0.1, 3]]
(* {-2.01133, 2.00884, 1.41814, -1.41714, 0.1, -0._PHONE_} *)
is not. The issue is due to calling H[kx, ky, kz] inside the definition of HLLz and then making the the replacement
kz -> kz*IdentityMatrix[cut]
Since kz is the argument for the original function, the numerical value of kz gets put in first before the replacement is made, and so the matrix and hence the eigenvalues will be different.
To fix this in the simplest way, make the following modifications: In the definition of HLLz[kz_, cut_], use HLLz[kzp_, cut_] instead and modify kz -> kz*IdentityMatrix[cut] to kz -> kzp*IdentityMatrix[cut], i.e. define
HLLz[kzp_, cut_] := ArrayFlatten[
 H[kx, ky, kz] /. {
 kx -> (a[cut] + aDag[cut])/Sqrt[2],
 ky -> I*(a[cut] - aDag[cut])/Sqrt[2],
 kz -> kzp*IdentityMatrix[cut]
 }
 ];
$\endgroup$
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New site suggests that multivalued logic is the theory behind brain microcircuits
RonBlue rcb5 at MSN.COM
Mon Sep 14 19:14:28 EST 1998
>So for a brain to work out some logic circuit, which is stable and does
>to changing circumstances, we need a brain to program it.
This turns out not to be true, but the position is certainly a logical one.
Wavelets, oscillons, opponent-process, and reciprocal inhibition are adequate
enough to do the job.
Ron Blue
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Design of query function for master-slave architecture of database cluster
Time：2020-10-29
According to any IP or domain name, it is a very common and essential function in DBA operation and maintenance to find the cluster architecture, whether it is the master database or the slave database. The implementation of the function described in this paper has been applied to an Internet company. At present, it runs stably and provides services continuously. Here, I'd like to share with you how to realize it and learn with you.
1. Preconditions
In order to find all cluster architectures in a unified way, these machines need to have a unified account and password that can access all the machines. DB is used here_ In addition, the master-slave synchronization needs to use a unified account and password. Here, repl is used.
As an example, the following cluster structure is used here:
Design of query function for master-slave architecture of database cluster
Here, a, B, C are the slave database of the master database, which are the primary slave database; D and E are the slave database of the slave database C, and they are the secondary slave database. If there are other more complex structures, so on.
2. Search and search
Usually, you can search any IP or domain name. Because the domain name cannot be marked in the cluster, you need to convert the domain name to IP for searching. According to any IP search, you will not know its location in the cluster. In order to get the structure of the whole cluster, you need to backtrack to the main database of the whole cluster.
3. Backtracking the main database
DB is used in backtracking master database_ Login MySQL with admin account and execute the "show slave status" command to find the main database information of the current database for sorting.
For the previous cluster structure, the common backtracking types are as follows:
Design of query function for master-slave architecture of database cluster
Design of query function for master-slave architecture of database cluster
Design of query function for master-slave architecture of database cluster
Finally, the main library instance is to be obtained. The implementation code of Python is as follows:
# curr_ Node current search node
#Lisense unified access account and password
# sub_ Node child node
def traceback_root(curr_node, lisense, sub_node):
 query_process = 'SHOW SLAVE STATUS'
 master_row = None
 conn = None
 try:
 #Connect to the current database to find the main database information
 conn = get_connection(
 curr_node.get('ip'), curr_node.get('port'),
 lisense.get('account'), lisense.get('passwd'))
 with open_cursor(conn) as cursor:
 cursor.execute(query_process)
 master_row = cursor.fetchone()
 except Exception as e:
 return None
 if master_row:
 return curr_node
 #Read main database information
 io_run = master_row.get('Slave_IO_Running', '')
 sql_run = master_row.get('Slave_SQL_Running', '')
 master_ip = master_row.get('Master_Host', '')
 master_port = master_row.get('Master_Port', '')
 #Check the status of the master database. If the status is not correct, return to the current node
 if io_run.lower() == 'yes' and sql_run.lower() == 'yes':
 may_master_node = dict()
 may_master_node['ip'] = master_ip
 may_master_node['port'] = master_port
 #Check whether the parent node instance information is the same as the child node,
 #It is used to avoid the double master database backtracking falling into the wireless loop
 if sub_node and sub_node.get('ip', '') == master_ip and\
 sub_node.get('port', '') == master_port:
 return None
 #The parent node of the current library is only the possible primary database because of the dual master situation,
 #Use the parent node to continue backtracking the master database instance
 master_node = traceback_root(
 may_master_node, lisense, curr_node)

 #If it traces back to the master database, it returns; otherwise, it returns the current node
 if master_node:
 return master_node
 else:
 return curr_node
 else:
 return curr_node
4. Traverse the slave library
After finding the master database, start from the master database and find all the slave databases under the master database. Find slave library using DB_ Admin logs in to MYSQL to execute the "show processlist" command, and then filters the results according to whether the user is a repl or not. If the user is a repl slave database, connect to it and use the method used by the backtracking master database to verify whether the master database of the slave database is the database instance of the current query. If yes, join the cluster; otherwise, give up. For the found slave libraries, continue to use the above method to find the slave libraries until all the slave libraries are found.
5. Return to the cluster structure
The found cluster structure is organized in JSON format, which can be returned to the required services or displayed on the page after sorting. The following figure shows a simple display of the whole cluster structure found:
Design of query function for master-slave architecture of database cluster
6. Conclusion
This is the general process of the whole query. There are not too many coding details. In the actual use process, it can be adjusted according to the needs, such as adding multi threads to improve the query speed.
Recommended Today
Summary of recent use of gin
Recently, a new project is developed by using gin. Some problems are encountered in the process. To sum up, as a note, I hope it can help you. Cross domain problems Middleware: func Cors() gin.HandlerFunc { return func(c *gin.Context) { //Here you can use * or the domain name you specify c.Header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*") //Allow header […]


Taking food to and from the Pacific islands
It is very important to keep food safe while taking it between New Zealand and the Pacific Islands. Food is often shared so if it's not safe, it can make many people sick. Food can go bad and make people sick if it is kept warm for more than two hours. The total time of a trip, including time travelling to and from the airports at either end of the flight, time at the airports and during the flight is long enough for food to go very bad.


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The Sidewinder seeker is something like the CCD in a video camera. It has an array of sensors that generate an electrical signal when exposed to the infrared light given off by hot objects. Since it only sees things in terms of "very hot" and "not very hot," the infrared system is much simpler than a visible-light detection system (an ordinary video camera). Additionally, infrared seekers don't need an outside light source, so they work perfectly well night or day.
In the current Sidewinder models, the infrared sensor array is coupled with a conical scanning system. The basic idea of a conical scanning system is to continually move the feed horn -- the assembly of lenses and mirrors that directs light to the sensor -- around in a small circle (to visualize this, imagine holding the eraser end of a pencil steady in one hand while moving the pointed end around in a circle). As a whole, the moving feedhorn scans a large section of the sky. The guidance control system figures out where the target is based on fluctuations in the detected infrared light as the feed horn moves around the circle. If the target is to the left of the missile, for example, the sensor will detect greater infrared light when the feed horn is aimed to the left than when it is aimed to the right.
In the next section, you'll find out more about the guidance control system.


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a database fails to appear as part of an availability group with automatic seeding enabled, the automatic seeding likely failed. This prevents addition of the database to the availability group on either the primary and secondary replica. Query
sys.dm_hadr_automatic_seeding on both the primary and secondary replicas. For example, run the following query to identify failure state of automatic seeding.
SELECT start_time, completion_time, is_source, current_state, failure_state, failure_state_desc, error_code FROM sys.dm_hadr_automatic_seeding
Automatic seeding and performance considerations
SQL Server uses a fixed number of threads for automatic seeding. On the primary instance, SQL Server uses one thread per LUN to read changes. On the secondary instance SQL Server uses one thread per LUN to initialize database.
Set trace flag 9567 on the primary replica to enable compression of the data stream during automatic seeding. This can significantly reduce the transfer time of automatic seeding, however it also increases the CPU usage. For more information, see Tune compression for availability group.
When not to use automatic seeding
In some scenarios automatic seeding may not be optimal for initializing a secondary replica. During automatic seeding, SQL Server performs a backup over the network for initialization. This process can be slow if databases are very large, or the secondary replica is remote. The transaction log for these databases cannot be truncated during the backup process, so a prolonged initialization process on a busy database can result in significant transaction log growth. Before adding a database to an availability group with automatic seeding, evaluate the database size, load, and site distance between replicas.


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The EXISTS predicate evaluates to TRUE providing the subquery contains any rows, otherwise it evaluates to FALSE. NOT EXISTS works the same as EXISTS being satisfied if no rows are returnable by the subquery. This predicate does not evaluate to UNKNOWN.
As in our case, the EXISTS predicate is generally used with correlated subqueries. That subquery type has an outer reference to the value in the main query. The subquery result may be dependent on this value and must be separately evaluated for each row of the query that includes the subquery. Because of this, the EXISTS predicate may have different values for each row of the main query.
Find those laptop makers who also produce printers:
The printer makers are retrieved by the subquery and compared with the maker returned from the main query. The main query returns the laptop makers. So, for each laptop maker it is checked that the subquery returns any rows (i.e. this maker also produces printers). Because the two queries in the WHERE clause must simultaneously be satisfied (AND), the result set includes only wanted rows. The DISTINCT keyword is used to make sure each maker is in the returned data only once. As a result, we get:
Find those laptop makers who do not produce printers:
Here, it is sufficient to replace EXISTS in the previous example with NOT EXISTS. So, the returned data includes only those main query rows, for which the subquery return no rows. As a result we get:


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UK Germination Toolbox - about the database
The Millennium Seed Bank Partnership has successfully collected and stored seed samples from around 90% of the United Kingdom's native seed plant species, as a hedge against extinction and as a conservation resource. The 'missing' species produce either no seeds at all; or seeds that cannot be stored conventionally; or are too rare, or fruit too infrequently for seed collections to have been made without threatening their survival. As well as further collecting to increase bio-geographic and genetic coverage of those species already in the bank, efforts are also continuing, to locate and bank collectable samples from those last few, elusive species.
In this database, the naming and definition of UK native species follows the PLANTATT database (Hill, Preston and Roy, 2004); and includes species designated there as native (N), native endemic (NE) or archaeophyte (AR; introduced before 1500AD) – 1442 species. At present casuals, aliens and more recent introductions are not included.
Germination tests are central to the routine management of seeds collected for the purpose of their conservation. As well as being the most useful means of monitoring seed viability over time in storage; they also provide essential information towards the propagation of new plants. Ultimately, seeds in a bank, even though they may be perfectly viable, will be of little use if we do not know how to grow new plants from them.
The MSBP aims to promote conservation by enabling the sustainable use of seeds in the bank, not least for the re-introduction of native species and restoration of degraded natural and semi-natural vegetation. Consequently, this database is intended as a resource for all those who need to propagate UK native species from seed: researchers; conservationists attempting to restore native species and vegetation; horticulturalists, including those commercial nurseries specialising in growing and supplying UK native species. It will also be useful for researchers in comparative and evolutionary ecology, seeking germination trait data. The 'toolbox' is comprised of information on germination from up to three available sources.
1. MSB germination tests
The main purpose of this database is to share the MSB's germination data on UK species with potential users. So, wherever they are available, a search returns a summary of the conditions applied in successful MSB germination tests.
By and large the conditions (mostly temperatures) returned by a search for a particular species will be those that resulted in at least 75% germination (i.e. the MSB viability standard is passed). The tests 'accepted' by the MSB are usually those that are easiest to apply and repeat; wherever possible avoiding complicated temperature regimes, or the application of dormancy-breaking chemicals, for example.
Please note that the successful germination conditions presented almost always DO NOT result from designed experiments with controls. Thus, they do not exclude other potentially equally successful conditions that have not been tried; nor are unsuccessful conditions reported at present. In a few cases the successful germination conditions result from tests on collections of species native to the UK, but originating elsewhere, usually in Europe.
2. Information from published literature
Despite the MSB's high coverage of UK native species, successful germination conditions are not yet available for some of them. This is sometimes due to as yet intractable dormancy problems in certain species – and research continues on these. More frequently, the collections currently held of those species are too small (<500 seeds) to commit any of them to germination testing, without jeopardising the value of the conservation collection.
In such cases, where there is published information available, the database will return a summary of the conditions found to be successful in other laboratories. This part of the database currently relies heavily on the extensive compilation and analysis of published literature by Baskin & Baskin (1998), with further updates to 2001 kindly provided by the authors (cf. Baskin & Baskin, 2003a). Updates beyond that date are from the MSB's own literature searches, which are ongoing, and will be added to the database in due course. Some published germination treatments for UK native species is for material not collected in the UK.
3. Predicting likely successful temperature regimes
Worldwide, around one third of all wild species studied are not exacting in their germination requirements; and this is probably also true of UK species. So long as they have sufficient moisture and a broadly favourable temperature, they are relatively easy to germinate fully. The remainder possess varying degrees of several different kinds of dormancy, presumed to result from evolution to ensure that seedlings emerge when they are most likely to survive, and often also to ensure that emergence is spread over time ('bet hedging'). Synchronous germination to a high percentage is often quite difficult to achieve for these species. However, optimal germination temperature and dormancy breaking conditions are often related to local climatic conditions; and these can suggest likely successful germination conditions.
For example; seeds of tropical dry-land species, shed at the beginning of the dry season, often require an extended period of relatively high temperature in the dry state before germination occurs in the subsequent rainy season. This requirement appears to be an adaptation to avoid germination in response to sporadic, unreliable rainfall during the dry season, when emerging seedlings would probably be killed by drought. Similarly, cool temperate species shed in autumn may delay germination until temperatures begin to rise in the early spring, by having a requirement for an extended period at low temperature ('cold stratification') before germination can occur, mimicking the passage of winter and the risk of frost damage to sensitive seedlings.
Application of temperature regimes related to seasonal climate cycles forms the basis of 'move-along' experiments (e.g., Baskin & Baskin, 2003b); in which seeds, imbibed on a moist substrate, are transferred between a succession of incubators, running at temperatures that approximate to local conditions at the source of the seeds. The start point in the temperature regime is set at the conditions pertaining when seeds are shed naturally (≈ collected) in the field.
To help users predict likely successful temperature sequences, they are able to enter the latitude and longitude of the source of their seed collection (if known; input restricted to decimal degrees at present), as well as month of collection. The system will return the monthly mean minimum and maximum as well as corresponding median temperatures. This facility is mainly to allow users to make predictions of likely germination conditions in the absence of information from MSB germination tests MSB. However, they can also be used in conjunction with MSB records and published data, where they exist.
The temperature values are provided by 'WORLDCLIM' (Hijmans et al., 2005); which uses an algorithm to compute interpolated, or modelled, temperature and rainfall data from real data compiled from weather station records worldwide, at high (1km) spatial resolution. Properties of the algorithm and uneven distribution of climate stations mean that uncertainty is highest for small islands and mountainous regions.
The database currently does not return interpolated monthly rainfall amounts for UK locations, as rainfall appears to have very limited value in predicting germination period in the UK. Especially in seasonal climates, rainfall amounts can give an indication of relatively dry periods (when germination would be less likely); or relatively moist periods, when seedling emergence is likely to take place in the field. Rainfall is more evenly distributed throughout the year in the UK; and though observed mostly in spring and autumn, newly emerged seedlings of some species can be seen at any time of the year, even during mild weather in winter. Worldwide, observations of species' seedling emergence timing are scarce or mostly non-existent; whereas it is often quite well documented for UK species (e.g. ECOFLORA).
Keep up to date with events and news from Kew


text:
Rear Adm. Mat Winter, chief of the Office of Naval Research, has outlined ONRâs research investments in the field of Arctic science atÂ the Symposium on the Impacts of an Ice-Diminishing Arctic on Maritime and Naval Operations, Americaâs Navy reported July 20.
ONR âhas extensive research on computer modeling and prediction of sea waves, ice movement, seasonal ice cycles and air-ocean interaction,â heÂ said in his keynote address.
WinterÂ noted the involvement of ONR researchers in what he called the âscience and technology diplomacyâ practice to establish partnerships with other scientists worldwide, Bob Freeman writes.
"Our ONR global outreach mission allows our scientists to collaborate with other scientists around the world to discover the breakthrough technologies and build the scientific relationships vital to addressing the unique challenges in the harsh Arctic environment," WinterÂ said.
HeÂ also cited other research initiatives of ONR, including studies on marginal ice zones using computer simulation programs and research experiments that intend to determine how changing Arctic environments affect low-frequency sounds in both sonar and water operations, according to the report.


text: The NEWS-G collaboration employs Spherical Proportional Counters (SPCs) to search for low-mass dark matter. Their excellent sensitivity to the minute energy depositions expected from light dark matter scattering make SPCs fundamentally well-suited for this task, but demands exquisite understanding of the detector response at the level of single electron/ion pair events. A novel UV laser calibration system has been developed to address this need, allowing for precision measurements of the single electron response of SPCs, which are presented here. Additionally, this calibration system is shown to be ideal for several other key tasks, including measuring the trigger efficiency of SPCs, and monitoring detector stability in real time. The UV laser was also used together with a low energy Ar-37 source to measure the mean ionization energy in a Ne + 2% CH4 gas mixture, demonstrating its future applicability for measuring fundamental gas properties. Bolstered by these results, the UV-laser calibration system will play a crucial role in the next phase of the NEWS-G experiment at SNOLAB.


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Protecting Northern Michigan's Water Resources
Rapid River
The Rapid River is a tributary to the Torch River. The Rapid is 18 miles long and originates about six miles northeast of Kalkaska in a forested area of the Mancelona Plain. For most of its length, it flows through a deep, picturesque valley which was probably carved by a larger glacial meltwater stream. The stream corridor is mostly forested, undeveloped cedar swamp.
Overview of Rapid River
Primary Inflows
Headwaters
Primary Outflows
Mouth
Torch River
Surface Area
0 acres
Shoreline
Maximum Depth
Length
18 miles
Known Aquatic Invasive Species
Description:
The Rapid River is a tributary to the Torch River. The Rapid is 18 miles long and originates about six miles northeast of Kalkaska in a forested area of the Mancelona Plain. For most of its length, it flows through a deep, picturesque valley which was probably carved by a larger glacial meltwater stream. The stream corridor is mostly forested, undeveloped cedar swamp.

The stream system has only five tributaries, which is a low number for a stream of its length. This indicates that tremendous quantities of cold, high-quality ground water discharge directly into the main stream channel. The total length of the five tributaries is about 12 miles, bringing the total channel length for the system to about 30 miles. Only one tributary, the Little Rapid River, is named. The Rapid is a second-order stream.

The stream system is crossed by roads nine times: Priest Rd.(nearest its headwaters), followed by Leetsville Rd., U.S. 131, Wood Rd. (twice), Underhill Rd., Kellogg Rd., Rapid City Rd. (C-597) and Aarwood Rd. (nearest its mouth).

The greatest elevation of the river's headwaters is 1,083 feet. The river drops almost 500 feet in elevation, for an average stream gradient of about 27 feet per mile. In a nine mile stretch between U.S. 131 and Kellogg Road, the river's gradient averages 36 feet per mile. As a result of the steep gradient, most parts of the stream have a gravel or rocky bottom. The last three miles have a low gradient with sand and organic sediments on the bottom. The lower 1.25 miles of the Rapid River is slightly impounded by the Elk Rapids Dam.

The Rapid River is located in Clearwater, Rapid River, and Cold Springs Townships in Kalkaska County. There is one dam on the river, creating a 30 acre impoundment called Rugg Pond. In the past this pond has been stocked with brook trout.

There is quite a bit of State land along the upper third of the river (upstream from Woods Road). In 1998, The State acquired a one mile stretch of stream (known as the Seven Bridges Property) with the assistance of the Grand Traverse Regional Land Conservancy. Clearwater Township's Freedom Park is located on the river just north of Rapid City.

Studies have shown that the Rapid River has high dissolved oxygen levels, due to the low temperature, turbulent flow, and low numbers of aquatic plants (which can reduce oxygen at night through respiration). Phosphorus levels are low, probably because of the forested condition of the watershed, coupled with the fact that ground water recharge rather than surface runoff supplies most of the river's water. The channel above Rapid City was never cleared for log drives and therefore contains an abundant supply of cover compared to most streams.

Electroshocking surveys by the MDNR have revealed a high population of wild brook trout in the upper reaches, with brook, brown and rainbow trout all being found in the middle and lower reaches. The lower reach also contains white sucker and cheek chub. Anadromous rainbow trout (a.k.a. steelhead) ascend the Rapid from Torch and Elk Lakes in spring to spawn. The Rapid River is designated as a trout stream by the MDNR. It is considered a premier trout stream, although it is not listed as a blue ribbon stream.


text:
From a recent newspaper article in the USA Today:
"If you've ever had blood drawn from your arm, you know the drill: Tourniquet in place around your upper arm, you clench your fist a few times to get the blood flow going.
That might not be such a good idea, says a new study in the Annals of Clinical Biochemistry, Fist clenching seems to be one of the main reasons for falsely high potassium levels, a situation called pseudohypercalemia.
Fist clenching does improve blood flow and make veins stick out, lead author Vanessa Thurlow told the BBC. But a lot of good that does if it results in a high potassium level that really isn't, because that finding could mistakenly lead to further tests or treatment for impaired kidney function.
A phlebotomist, someone who draws blood, told the BBC that a better technique is to ask patients to gently close their hand when the needle is being inserted and then open it. Oh, and tourniquet should be loosened once the blood starts flowing."


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Aims and scope
Sinergie, Italian Journal of Management (formerly Sinergie, rivista di studi e ricerche) is a peer-reviewed scholarly publication focusing on the principal trends in management, corporate governance and sustainable development.
Connections between research, thought and managerial action are the foundation premises on which to build a future based on the common good.
- Rigor in selecting the studies and papers submitted to the Journal.
- Innovation in research pathways and in service to readers.
- Consideration of 'voices' from the scientific community.
- Openness to all researchers-particularly young researchers.
- Internationalisation of relations with foreign researchers and journals edited in foreign countries.
- Simplicity, in the sense of valuing carefully crafted results and paying attention to interpersonal relationships.
- Respect for the thoughts of authors, staff and the audience.
To build a bridge between business and society, and to bring the Italian management perspective to the international debate on business enterprise and its role in society.
- The Journal is interested in papers with future scenarios/visions that contribute to Sinergie's mission to be a review that is oriented towards the future of business and management.
- The Journal has a generalist positioning, meaning that it intends to cover various management and corporate governance topics, including strategy, marketing, human resources and finance, without limiting itself to company functions or business sector boundaries that are too specialised.
- The Journal aims to promote both empirical and conceptual contributions that are not merely descriptive and/or quantitative in nature. Sinergie aims to balance relevance with rigor and encourages interpretation, critical discussion and reasoning with respect to the measurement of more or less significant phenomena.
to The Journal
FIND A SPECIFIC ISSUEsubscribe


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Multiple Barrier Approach
Management practices targeting pathogens focus on establishing multiple barriers between the pathogen source and water, with each barrier designed to lessen the risk of pathogens.
Keep Pathogens Off the Farm
Barrier 1 targets reducing the potential for pathogens to enter the farm through:
- Identifying and quarantine of infected animals. The farm's veterinarian is an important partner in implementing the first two barriers.
- Preventing transport of infected manure onto the farm on clothing, boots, or equipment; Controlling pets, rodents, and other animals that can introduce pathogens to the farm.
Cross-Contamination Between Animals
Barrier 2 focuses on minimizing cross-contamination among animals including:
- Keeping calf-raising areas clean;
- Controlling pets, rodents, and other animals that can transport pathogens between groups of animals;
- Ensuring that all feeds and feeding utensils are clean.
Barriers 1 and 2 will vary with species from this dairy targeted approach. A species specific bio-security program encouraged by industry or veterinarian organizations is the foundation for the first two barriers.
Uncontrolled runoff from open lot housing is a high risk source of pathogens.
Image courtesy USDA NRCS photo gallery.
Manure Collection, Storage, and Treatment
Barrier 3 addresses manure collection, storage, and treatment. Practices include:
- Elimination of runoff from animal housing and manure storage (e.g. runoff collection ponds, vegetative filters).
- Extended storage of manure. Liquid systems receiving manure daily typically produce a 10-fold reduction in pathogens. Two storage facilities (no fresh manure additions for two months prior to land application) further reduce risk.
- Composting. Well managed composting systems can eliminate most pathogens.
- Anaerobic digestion. Digesters operating at 100 degrees F can produce a 100-fold or greater reduction in pathogens.
Avoiding application on tile-drained areas during periods of tile flow is an example of a Barrier 4 practice.
Source: Jane Frankenberger, Purdue University.
Land Application of Manure
Barrier 4 focuses on minimizing risk associated with land application of manure through such practices as:
- Immediate incorporation of manure into soil. This practice must be balanced with residue loss and increased erosion potential.
- Implementing sound soil conservation and runoff management practices in crop land (e.g. reduced tillage systems, grassed filters).
- Applying manure from higher risk animals (e.g. calves) to crop land with lowest risks of runoff, erosion, or groundwater infiltration.
- Applying manure to tiled fields only when the soil is relatively dry. Tile drained fields present a unique risk due to macropores caused by roots, earthworms, or cracks. Managing drainage water by raising drain outlets before manure application also reduces pathogen risk.
Recommended Resources About Manure-borne Pathogens
Page Managers: Rick Koelsch, University of Nebraska, and Janice Ward, US Geological Survey
Reviewed by: Dan Shelton, USDA ARS, and Jane Frankenberger, Purdue University


text:
Definition of Long-wool
1. Adjective. (of sheep) having relatively long wool.
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Long-wool Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Long-wool
Literary usage of Long-wool
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. Report of the Secretary for Agriculture by United States Dept. of Agriculture (1866)
"The demand for long wool is still unsatisfied, and the movement of... The breeding of long-wool sheep, especially of Cotswolds, Shropshire, and other Downs..."
2. Report of the Secretary of Agriculture by United States Dept. of Agriculture (1865)
"The old Lincoln sheep produced a long wool, making a fabric of lustrous... 4 Mr. Unwin observed that there was a greater demand for long wool and a wider..."
3. The Monthly Review by Ralph Griffiths (1782)
"... long wool; for tbe duty on exportation mutt be laid in a determinate fum on every pound of wool exported...."
4. The Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General by Thomas Spencer Baynes (1890)
"It will be obvious that the gill-boxes through which long wool passes, while possessing the power of bringing the fibres into s smooth, equal,..."
5. English Farming Past & Present by Rowland Edmund Prothero Ernle (1917)
"In England, long wool was employed mainly for worsted fabrics,... In long wool, or combing-wool, England had practically a monopoly of the markets,..."
6. The Parliamentary Debatesby Thomas Curson Hansard, Great Britain Parliament by Thomas Curson Hansard, Great Britain Parliament (1825)
"Every pound of long wool enabled the manufacturer to work up a certain quantity of inferior fine wool ; and, if the long wool were exported, the inferior..."


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Clover seed brings benefits to Oregon's growers and the environment
Expanding the market for crimson clover seed means economic growth and fertilizer reduction
Crimson clover isn't just a pretty sight to passersby – the seed crop was worth more than $5 million to Oregon in 2011. OSU Extension is working to boost that number by promoting the clover's nitrogen-producing qualities to growers in other states.
Crimson clover has long been used as a cover crop, and because it puts nitrogen into the soil, it can help growers save on fertilizer and reduce chemicals from leaching into groundwater. More than 95 percent of the crimson clover seed produced in the United States comes from western Oregon. Of the 7,650 acres harvested last year in Oregon, 63 percent of it came from Washington County.
Extension field crop faculty member Nicole Anderson has been working with the Oregon Clover Commission to form partnerships with local Extension agents, crop consultants and growers in other states. Anderson and the commission also created a popular brochure with recommendations for establishing and managing crimson clover cover crops.
Source: Oregon Agricultural Information Network, Nicole Anderson


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News From the Field
Predicting If Scientists Will Be Stars
September 12, 2012
Will a young scientist's career be brilliant or ordinary? Now there's a crystal ball in the form of a new formula that accurately predicts a young scientist's success up to 10 years into the future and could be useful for hiring, tenure and funding decisions. The new formula is more than twice as accurate as a measure called the "h index" for predicting future success for researchers in the life sciences.
The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent federal agency that supports fundamental research and education across all fields of science and engineering. In fiscal year (FY) 2012, its budget was $7.0 billion. NSF funds reach all 50 states through grants to nearly 2,000 colleges, universities and other institutions. Each year, NSF receives about 50,000 competitive requests for funding, and makes about 11,500 new funding awards. NSF also awards about $593 million in professional and service contracts yearly.
Get News Updates by Email
Useful NSF Web Sites:
NSF Home Page: _URL_
NSF News: _URL_
For the News Media: _URL_
Science and Engineering Statistics: _URL_
Awards Searches: _URL_


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a. Lakes by human activities i.e. man-made lakes. This is formed as a result construction of dams across river channels to generate hydroelectric power e.g. Lake Kanji on River Niger and Volta Lake in Ghana.
b. Lakes caused by animals
c. Lakes caused by vegetation along course of river.
d. Ornamental lakes, which are created to serve fortourist attraction e.g. Lake Gardens.