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Field Guide to Maryland's Turtles (Order Testudines)
Eastern Musk Turtle
Photo of Eastern Musk Turtle courtesy of John White
2 - 4½ inches. Record - 5 inches.
Photo of Eastern Musk Turtle courtesy of Scott A. Smith
Also known as "Stinkpot", its fetid smell aids in identification.
Photo of Habitat for Eastern Musk Turtle courtesy of Rebecca Chalmers
Found in most permanent bodies of water with slow current and soft bottoms, including ponds, lakes, swamps, streams and rivers. It is not found in brackish waters. Often climbs slanting trees on swamp and marsh edges, where they occasionally fall onto boaters.
How to Find
Look in shallow water areas from April to September, particularly areas of still water. It is chiefly nocturnal, resting on the bottom during the day. It can sometimes be observed through binoculars basking on trees. May be ill-tempered if handled.
Distribution in Maryland
Can be found throughout Maryland but more common on the Coastal Plain.
- Discover Maryland's Herps
- Maryland Herp History
- Maryland Herp Checklist
- Survey Techniques, Collecting Ethics, Safety and the Law
- Problems with Buying Frogs and Tadpoles for Wild Release
- Technical Guide: A Key to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Maryland - 86.3 MB pdf file
- Maryland Amphibian and Reptile Atlas (MARA) Project
- Natural Heritage Program
- Wildlife & Heritage Home
"A Joint Project of the Natural History Society of Maryland, Inc. and the Maryland Department of Natural Resources"
To see older newsletters, please visit the MARA Resource Page.
The Maryland Herpetology Field Guide is a cooperative effort of the MD Natural Heritage Program and the MD Biological Stream Survey within the Department of Natural Resources and their partners. We wish to thank all who contributed field records, text, and photographs, as well as support throughout its development.


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Awareness of bias in algorithms is growing among scholars and users of algorithmic systems. But what can we observe about how users discover and behave around such biases?
We used a cross-platform audit technique that analyzed online ratings of 803 hotels across three hotel rating platforms and found that one site's algorithmic rating system biased ratings, particularly low-to-medium quality hotels, significantly higher than others (up to 37%).
Analyzing reviews of 162 users who independently discovered this bias, we seek to understand if, how, and in what ways users perceive and manage this bias. Users changed the typical ways they used a review on a hotel rating platform to instead discuss the rating system itself and raise other users' awareness of the rating bias. This raising of awareness included practices like efforts to reverse engineer the rating algorithm, efforts to correct the bias, and demonstrations of broken trust.
We conclude with a discussion of how such behavior patterns might inform design approaches that anticipate unexpected bias and provide reliable means for meaningful bias discovery and response.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Gulag: a History
GULAG: A History is a narrative account of the origins and development of the Soviet concentration camps, from Lenin to Gorbachev. Based on archives, interviews, new research and recently published memoirs, the book explains the role that the camps played in the Soviet political and economic system. It also describes daily life in the camps: how people lived, worked, ate, slept, fought, died and survived.
GULAG: A History won the 2004 Pulitzer Prize for non-Fiction, as well as Britain's Duff-Cooper Prize. The books was a finalist for the National Book Award, the National Book Critics Circle Award, the LA Times Book Award and the Samuel Johnson Prize. It has appeared or is due to appear in more than two dozen translations, including all major East and West European languages.
- Gulag: A History, Introduction, PDF-Document


text:
Nanofloating gate modulated synaptic organic light-emitting transistors for reconfigurable displays
The use of postsynaptic current to drive long-lasting luminescence holds a disruptive potential for harnessing the next-generation of smart displays. Multiresponsive long afterglow emission can be achieved by integrating light-emitting polymers in electric spiked transistors trigged by distinct presynaptic signals inputs. Here, we report a highly effective electric spiked long afterglow organic light-emitting transistor (LAOLET), whose operation relies on a nanofloating gate architecture. Long afterglow emission with reconfigurable brightness and retention time is observed upon applying specific positive gate voltage spiked. Conversely, when negative gate voltage stimulus is applied, these LAOLETs function as click-on display. Interestingly, upon endowing the device with force sensing capabilities, it can operate as a long afterglow pressure sensor that emits long-lasting green light subsequently to a controlled extrusion action.
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source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Book Review: The Baroness
By Graham Reid
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The Baroness by Hannah Rothschild
Virago $39.99
Book cover of The Baroness. Photo / Supplied
Book cover of The Baroness. Photo / Supplied
Some patrons of the arts are rewarded with physical legacies: the family name on the wing of a major gallery, a sculpture park, their portraits in public collections. Others make do with ephemeral acknowledgement, like Baroness Pannonica de Koenigswarter, whose name is written invisibly in the air by a couple of dozen jazz compositions written for her.
The Baroness - aka Nica - was more than a peripheral jazz patron of the 50s passing out cash. She took jazz musicians into her home and supported them, often at great personal cost.
When drug-damaged genius Charlie Parker died in her lounge in 1955 while laughing at a clown on television (he looked aged in his 50s, in reality was just 34), her name was dragged into the public domain.
A wealthy Jewish heiress hanging around with black jazz musicians was rare, and viewed with some suspicion by jazz musicians themselves.
But her loyalty was fierce and unwavering, no more so than to the pianist/composer Thelonious Monk, who she loved platonically and supported through ill-health, drug abuse, erratic behaviour and hospitalisations.
She took the rap for marijuana found in her car (facing three years' jail then deportation) and, for the final decade of his life, Monk - by then damaged, reclusive, often mute and no longer playing - lived in her New Jersey home surrounded by her cats (Monk's son Toot counted 306) while his wife and children would occasionally visit.
Nica paid for his funeral, slipped money to many other musicians and - until her end at 74 in 1988 - was a flamboyant, if faded, nocturnal habitue of jazz clubs.
Throughout her remarkable life the baroness was an exceptional character. She constructed few myths about herself - not that she needed any, she was born a Rothschild so money was never an issue. One of these was that her name, "Pannonica" given by her amateur entomologist father, was a species of exotic butterfly. It was, in fact, a species of common moth. And as an English-born woman attracted to the flame of the dark jazz scene of New York in the 50s, she was a moth bound to get burned.
Yet she seems never to have cared. Jazz and its artists were her calling.
In this candid exploration of her notorious great-aunt's life, Hannah Rothschild doesn't paint her subject as a saintly patron, however, more a mystery to unravel which some in her family prefer to ignore.
For the general reader, that eccentric Rothschild family only three generations on from the Jewish ghetto of Frankfurt is perhaps of as much interest. Nica - who inconveniently died just as the author had got to know her - doesn't fully appear here until halfway through as the writer takes us back to a time when children were rarely seen or heard other than by nurses, tutors or butlers on the great estates with their private museums and zoos.
The Rothschilds could underwrite governments and wars (or withhold the cash if it wasn't in their business interests) and Europe was their playground and corporate territory.
The family's founding-father, Mayer Amschel, enshrined the dynastic injunction that no daughters (nor sons-in-law, nor their heirs) could have any share in running the family firm. So women had their wings clipped as children and were destined for cosseted lives of lunching, planning lavish dinners and travel while the men took charge - or, in the case of the eccentrics, pursued their interests.
Nica was, however, very different. She climbed trees during a childhood of "physical luxury combined with personal neglect" by her parents, attended a Parisian finishing school ("a lesbian seminary"), rode Lipizzaner horses in Austria and had family friend Winston Churchill at her coming-out ball.
She learned to fly and in New York married the dashing Baron Jules de Koenigswarter, whom she'd met while holidaying in France (and had scooted off around Europe with in his private plane, servants and minders in pursuit).
Children followed but Nica barely broke stride. When war came she courageously stayed in her French chateau until three days before the Germans arrived, because Jules was stationed in Africa, then she left her children in New York and enlisted in the Free French Army. She travelled to West and North Africa and was variously a decoder and a driver (rumour has it she also flew Lancaster bombers). After the war she spent time in Norway where her husband was the French ambassador and, always in the background, was the seduction of jazz.
Her globe-trotting inevitably led her to New York where, after again leaving her husband and children, she lived in luxurious hotels, drove her Rolls Royce to jazz clubs, befriended musicians, drank but barely ate (she couldn't cook, had never learned) and became a target for columnists such as Walter Winchell for her associations with black musicians, many of whom were drug addicts and her lovers.
She didn't care about the gossip or the abuse she endured (vehement anti-Semitism and for her unashamed relationships). She cared only about musicians and their music: passionately and with her hand in her purse, or in their hand, when necessary. She was a freedom fighter still.
Hers was a life played out against a backdrop of elegantly managed if obscene wealth, suicide, eccentricity, heroism and personal tragedy. And with a great soundtrack.
After this freewheeling biography, never again will you hear Monk's ballad, Round Midnight - the reverie which flicked a switch in Nica's soul - without thinking of the jazz baroness. Nor of Monk in that final decade, withdrawn from the world and surrounded by hundreds of her free-range felines. Monk hated cats.
Graham Reid is an Auckland writer.
- NZ Herald
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Geflechte aus Wellpappe
Interweaving of Corrugated Cardboard
Many years ago, von Podewils discovered the use of corrugated cardboard for therealization of her sculptures. Corrugated cardboard, commonly recognized from its use in packaging, consists of paperboards with a fluted, thicker, corrugated sheet inserted in between the boards. This gives the cardboard ample stability. Only a few artists in the plastic field work with corrugated cardboard. "What is your approach to the working process?""The sculptures are constructed by me in a complex way from many individual layers and forms in such a way that a solid body is created. The form of the crea-ture or object emerges layer by layer. The rough edges of the cuts are not smoothed out during the process. An open-pored surface remains visible and sometimes even allows one to see through it."The imprints and colors of the packaging are incorporated into the work and inte-grated into the sculpture. In advance, the artist glazes cardboard in several layers with paint. Next, these colored pieces of cardboard are cut out and attached to-gether. It is important for Bronislava von Podewils that she can work freely and independently with the material. She can easily carry, assemble, and rearrange the works herself, unlike stone or wood sculptures.


Reliability HotWire
Issue 92, October 2008
Reliability Basics
Derating for Electronic Components
Derating is a technique usually employed in electrical power and electronic devices, wherein the devices are operated at less than their rated maximum power dissipation, taking into account the case/body temperature, the ambient temperature and the type of cooling mechanism used. In this article, we will briefly explain the theoretical background of derating and how it is applied.
Derating increases the margin of safety between part design limits and applied stresses, thereby providing extra protection for the part. By applying derating in an electrical or electronic component, its degradation rate is reduced. The reliability and life expectancy are improved.
Intuitively, if a component or system is operated under its design limit, it will be more reliable than if it is operated at or above the design limit. Theoretically, the benefit of derating can be explained using load-strength interference theory.
Load-Strength Interference
Usually, failure happens when the applied load exceeds the strength. Load and strength should be considered in a general way. For electronic parts, "load" might refer to voltage, power or an internal stress such as junction temperature. "Strength" might refer to any resisting physical properties.
Electronic components of a given type are not identical. They have strength variability. This variability results from the differences between raw materials and between manufacturing processes. Even for components made from the same materials and by the same processes, differences still exist due to noise factors such as microscopic material defects or variations within a single manufacturing process. Therefore, the strength of a component is considered to be a random variable. The load applied to electronic parts, such as power, temperature or humidity, is also a random variable. Thus, statistical distributions are usually used to describe the load and strength.
Two factors are used to analyze the interference of load and strength distributions. These factors are safety margin (SM) and loading roughness (LR).[1]
Safety margin is defined by:
where L and S are the mean values of the load and strength distributions, and σL and σS are the standard deviations of the load and strength distributions. SM is the relative separation of the mean values of load and strength.
Loading roughness is defined in terms of the standard deviation of the load by:
Figures 1-3 show three examples of different relationships between safety margin and loading roughness.
Load and strength distributions that are non-overlapping, as shown in Figure 1, indicate a highly reliable scenario, with narrow distributions, low loading roughness and a large safety margin.
Figure 1: Non-overlapping load and strength distributions with high SM and low LR
Figure 2 illustrates low loading roughness and low safety margin. In this situation, extreme load will cause failures of weak parts.
Figure 2: Load and strength distributions with low SM and low LR
Figure 3 is the situation with low safety margin and high loading roughness. This is an undesirable case because an extreme stress will cause a large proportion of the population to fail.
Figure 3: Load and strength distributions with Low SM and High LR
From the above figures, we can see that there are several possible ways to improve the population reliability: by increasing the safety margin or by decreasing the width of the load and/or strength distribution. Often, increasing the safety margin by increasing the mean strength is expensive; thus, curtailing the load distribution may be preferable because of low expense. Derating is actually one method of load distribution curtailing.
Derating Standards
Several derating guidelines have been issued by military or other agencies, and the following are some examples:
 - MIL-STD-975, published by NASA, focuses on selection of parts used in the design and construction of space flight hardware as well as mission-essential ground support equipment.
 - MIL-STD-1547, published by the Department of Defense, is targeted to aid in the design, development and fabrication of electronic systems with long life and/or high reliability requirements while operating under the extreme conditions of space and launch vehicles.
 - AS4613, published by the U.S. Navy, sets forth derating requirements for the reliable application of electronic and electromechanical parts.
 - NAVSEA TE000-AB-GTP-010, published by the U.S. Navy, contains derating requirements and part selection and application information on the ten most commonly used electrical and electronic parts.
 - ECSS-Q-30-11A, prepared and maintained under the authority of the Space Components Steering Board in partnership with the European Space Agency, contains derating requirements applicable to electronic, electrical and electromechanical components.
 - MSFC-STD-3012, prepared by NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, sets requirements for electrical, electronic and electromechanical parts selection, management and control for space flight and mission-essential ground support equipment for Marshall Space Flight Center programs.
In addition to the derating standards published by the military, many semiconductor manufacturers such as Freescale and Hitachi provide their own derating guidelines, which can be explored in the datasheets or application notes of electronic parts.
For the same component, the derating parameters in different standards may be different. An example using MIL-STD-975M for a resistor is given below. The software package used is ReliaSoft's Lambda Predict.
Example
Table 1 gives the properties of the resistor and the derating specifications. Figure 4 is the derating output from Lambda Predict.
Table 1: MIL-STD 975M derating specs for resistor, fixed carbon
Standard MIL-STD 975M
Component Resistor, fixed carbon
Parameter Power
Derating Specs 60% up to 70C and further decreasing to 0 at 110C
Figure 4: Lambda Predict 2 Derating Example for Resistor, Fixed Carbon
In Figure 4, the green line is the derating curve given by MIL-STD-975M. The blue dot shows the resistors working temperature and power ratio under the defined working condition. For the case shown, the resistor is properly derated since the power ratio is below the derating line for the resistors working temperature. However, if the dot were above the derating curve, the stress under the working condition would not meet the derating requirement given by MIL-STD-975M. This would imply that the resistor would be likely to fail; therefore, changing to a higher-rated resistor or adjusting the operating condition might be needed.
References
[1] OConnor, Patrick D. T., Practical Reliability Engineering, 4th ed., West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, 2002.
Copyright 2008 ReliaSoft Corporation, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED


libjio - A library for Journaled I/O
Fire Ant (Solenopsis Invicta)
libjio is a userspace library to do journaled, transaction-oriented I/O.
It provides a very simple API to commit and rollback transactions, and on top of that a UNIX-alike set of functions to perform most common operations (open(), read(), write(), etc.) in a non-intrusive threadsafe and atomic way, with safe and fast crash recovery.
The library guarantees file integrity even after unexpected crashes, never leaving your files in an inconsistent state.
On the disk, the file you work on is exactly like a regular one, but a special directory is created to store in-flight transactions.
It's written in C and has no dependencies on external libraries. It's based on the POSIX/Single UNIX Specification API, and it runs in all major UNIX variants. When available, Linux-specific system calls are used for improved performance.
It also comes with Python (both 2 and 3) bindings that provide a file-like object.
It's in the public domain, so you can link the library with anything you want.
The rest of the documentation, including manpages, can be found in the source.
Code samples
Using the UNIX-alike API (simplified, without error checking):
 char buf[] = "Hello world!";
 jfs_t *file;
 jtrans_t *trans;
 file = jopen("filename", O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0600, 0);
 jwrite(file, buf, strlen(buf));
Using the basic, lower-level API (simplified, without error checking):
 char buf1[] = "Hello ";
 char buf2[] = "world!";
 jfs_t *file;
 jtrans_t *trans;
 trans = jtrans_new(file, 0);
 jtrans_add_w(trans, buf1, strlen(buf1), 0);
 jtrans_add_w(trans, buf2, strlen(buf2), strlen(buf1));
Using the Python bindings:
 import libjio
 f ="filename", libjio.O_RDWR | libjio.O_CREAT)
 t = f.new_trans()
 t.add_w("Hello world!", 0)
More complete code samples are included with the source.
The current version is 1.02 (released on 2011-02-27): You can also browse all released files.
Patches are welcome. The source code is managed using git. You can browse the repository, or clone it by running:
git clone git://
If you want to be notified about new releases, you can use twitter, freshmeat, or just send me an email.
Alberto Bertogli ( - Last updated 30/Oct/2013


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Natural Resources Wales brings together the work of the Countryside Council for Wales, Environment Agency Wales and Forestry Commission Wales, as well as some functions of Welsh Government.
The Directorate for Nature Management and the Climate and Pollution Agency are being merged to form the Norwegian Environment Agency with effect from 1 July 2013.
Policies that promote green growth need to be founded on a good understanding of the different factors that affect green growth, and appropriate information is needed to monitor progress and measure results. As part of Green Growth Strategy, the OECD has developed a conceptual framework and indicators that help governments monitor progress towards green growth. According this conceptual framework
Federal Environment Agency / Umweltbundesamt, Germany
The Federal Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt) is the central scientific authority for environmental protection in
The Federal Environment Agency was established by an act of the Federal German Parliament (Bundestag) on 22 July 1974. Together with the Agency for Nature Conservation and the Office for Radiation Protection, the Umweltbundesamt provides a scientific basis for environmental policy in
The Federal government has assigned the Agency with a variety of duties which can be divided into the following categories:
Budget and number of staff
In 2011 the Agency had a budget of 99 million euros, of which 26 million were allocated to the annual Environmental Research Plan the Agency administrates for the Ministry of the Environment.
The Agency has about 1,400 employees (2011) working at 13 locations, including seven of the Agency's monitoring stations. Approximately 800 employees work at the Agency's headquarters in
Areas of responsibility
To see location on map click here

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The Murder Factory
Life and Work of H. H. Holmes, First American Serial Killer
Distributed for Sternberg Press
The simultaneous emergence of the serial killer and the assembly line as expressions of the rationality of modern production methods.
In 1896, at the age of 35, Henry Howard Holmes, whose real name was Herman Webster Mudget, became the first serial killer in the United States, confessing to dozens of crimes. To carry out his activities quietly, he built in Chicago a building so vast that his neighbors called it the "Château." Located just a stone's throw from the most sophisticated slaughterhouses in the world, lethal, practical, and comfortable, Holmes's building was equipped with the latest innovations. A rational, cozy masterpiece of crime dressed in slippers, Holmes's project fit perfectly into the functionalist project of the modern world.
In The Murder Factory, Alexandra Midal examines the almost simultaneous emergence of the industrial revolution and the figure of the serial killer. Far from being a coincidence, it marks the rationality of new production methods—of which the assembly line and serial murder are two expressions. In the Holmes case, an antihero of modern history can shed light on the treatment of living things brought about by this economic, mechanical, and cultural revolution.
H. H. Holmes's confessions, published in the Philadelphia Enquirer just before his execution in April 1896, follow Midal's text.
Paperback$19.95 T ISBN: 9783956795435 120 pp. | 5.5 in x 8 in
Not for sale in Europe or the UK.


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Chapter Effectiveness Award
The Chapter Effectiveness Award recognizes an individual chapter for its outstanding achievements in advocacy to influence action and support for the credit union movement. This chapter illustrates the importance of advocacy, collaboration and teamwork. They are removing barriers, not only for their chapter, but also on a statewide and national level. This chapter reflects the importance of grassroots organization and the goals achieved by working together.
This chapter has demonstrated a yearlong effort to affect positive change for their region, their state and the credit union movement.
(One award winner per year)
The Chapter Effectiveness Award is presented for achievement in leadership, mentoring, advocacy and collaboration. Distinction in these categories can be demonstrated through:
- Supporting the next generation of credit union leaders through education, training and mentoring activities, as well as encouraging participation on the chapter executive committee
- Measurable impact to the chapter and movement as a whole
- Supporting key legislative initiatives such as: PAC fundraising, legislative events, etc.
- Supports Michigan Credit Union Foundation
- Supporting key cooperative initiatives such as: CU Link, CMS support, etc.
- Consistent record of teamwork through multi-chapter functions
- Nomination letter and letters of recommendation
- NOMINATION LETTER: A nomination letter must describe and elaborate in detail upon how the award criteria were met
- LETTERS OF SUPPORT: A minimum of 2, maximum of 5, letters of support must be sent and are expected to address the author's first-hand knowledge of the nominee with relation to all of the award criteria


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Are Glass Cages Good For Hamsters? Many hamsters are kept in glass tanks with a secure wire mesh top. A glass tank may better protect your hamster from other pets and small children. Glass tanks also allow for clear viewing of your pet's antics. Keeping your hamster in a glass tank may cut down on cage odors; however, this could come at a price.
Do I need a lid on glass hamster cage? Put a Lid On It A lid that doesn't allow for ventilation will make the cage too humid for your hamster's preference for an arid environment; hamsters are desert creatures. You'll have to clean the tank weekly to keep smells from building up, since glass won't breath as well as wire.
Can I put my hamster in a fish tank? Rather than shelling hundreds of dollars for such a cage, you might try converting an old aquarium into Fluffy's new habitat. If you have a master escape artist, tanks are also pretty safe — as long as you don't give the hamster a chance to climb on something to reach the top of the tank.
Table of Contents
- 1 Is it cruel to keep hamsters in cages?
- 2 Are hamster cages easy to clean?
- 3 Is the IKEA Detolf a good hamster cage?
- 4 Is a 40 gallon tank good for a hamster?
- 5 Is a 20 gallon tank good for a hamster?
- 6 What size tank does a hamster need?
- 7 Where is the best place to put a hamster cage?
- 8 Do hamsters need a night light?
- 9 What I Wish I Knew Before Getting a hamster?
- 10 Should I remove hamster poop?
- 11 Is hamster poop poisonous?
- 12 Can I give my hamster a bath?
- 13 How much is a Detolf hamster cage?
- 14 Can a hamster get out of a metal cage?
- 15 Which type of hamster is the friendliest?
- 16 Are plastic cages good for hamsters?
- 17 Why is my Syrian hamster biting her cage?
- 18 Do Syrian hamsters need dust baths?
Is it cruel to keep hamsters in cages?
Hamsters Need Large, Secure Homes If an enclosure is too small, the animal can develop "cage rage," a condition caused by stress that can lead to various behavioral issues, including biting, excessive urinating, and incessant cage-bar biting that can cause serious harm to teeth.
Are hamster cages easy to clean?
Daily Cleaning Hamsters are typically clean creatures and generally choose one or two areas in the cage to relieve themselves. This "bathroom" corner can easily be cleaned up. To do so, use a scoop or a gloved hand to reach into the cage and remove any soiled material and dispose of it in a bag.
Is the IKEA Detolf a good hamster cage?
The IKEA Detolf is a popular choice of cages for those with some DIY skills. It is actually a glass display case that is placed on its side to provide a large habitat. The Detolf actually provides the largest amount of unbroken floor space (in terms of square inches) of any cage on the market.
Is a 40 gallon tank good for a hamster?
40 gallon breeder aquariums are attractive and great for viewing your hamster. At 36″ long, 18″ tall, 18″ deep and offering 648 in², they will fit any wheel with room left over for a 12" saucer or treadmill style wheel. They are sturdy and made to last but are also heavy and difficult to move.
Is a 20 gallon tank good for a hamster?
A 20-gallon tank is big enough for one Syrian hamster or two Dwarf hamsters. While this is a sufficient size, a bigger cage is always better. If you have the space in your home to place a larger cage, you may consider getting something as large as 55 gallons. A hamster cage cannot be too big.
What size tank does a hamster need?
A lot of people keep hamsters in 10-gallon tanks, but the Humane Society writes: Size: Minimum 24 inches long and 12 inches wide; 10-gallon aquariums are too small. Consider not only size but shape—a long aquarium is better than a tall aquarium with unused height.
Where is the best place to put a hamster cage?
The best spot in your home for hamsters Place their cage in a quiet, calm area of the house. It should be away from busy rooms and not near a TV or music system. Loud noises and vibrations make hamsters stressed. Kept at a steady temperature between 18-21C, out of draughts and direct sunlight.
Do hamsters need a night light?
Hamsters typically eat their meals at night, and they also typically get their exercise at night. Darkness makes them feel energetic and ready to conquer their "days." Because of that, hamsters need to have the lights off at night.
What I Wish I Knew Before Getting a hamster?
Your hamster needs you to clean out his cage every day. Remove droppings, replace soiled bedding and try to find all his hoarded food. Once a week, remove and discard all the shavings; wash the cage with warm, soapy water; and lay fresh shavings down for bedding.
Should I remove hamster poop?
Droppings are usually all over the place, but they don't smell because they are dry. Be sure to remove them, though, as they do look bad. As for the food, hamsters tend to stash uneaten food in one place to reserve it for later (it's a hamster's instinct to ensure it always has enough to eat).
Is hamster poop poisonous?
Hamsters can be wonderful pets, and overall, hamsters are relatively low-risk when it comes to diseases they can potentially transmit to humans. However, they can sometimes carry bacteria like Salmonella in their feces, and the virus that causes lymphocytic choriomeningitis, to name a couple.
Can I give my hamster a bath?
Can you give a hamster a bath? Hamsters are fastidious groomers and do a good job keeping themselves clean, baths, as we tend to think of them, are not necessary. However, it is possible to spot-clean them, if they truly need it.
How much is a Detolf hamster cage?
The lid provides extra height to allow bedding to be stacked high and for large syrian hamster sized wheels to fit well while preventing escapes. This lid isn't readily available anywhere and has to be DIYed. Selling the cage, lid and storage unit as a set for $100 (COST PRICE: $220). – IKEA DETOLF Glass Cabinet.
Can a hamster get out of a metal cage?
Bars that are spaced too widely can allow your hamster to nose through and escape. Do not use a wire cage if you have a dwarf hamster. Most dwarf hamsters can fit their heads between bars spaced as little as . 2 in (.
Which type of hamster is the friendliest?
The Syrian hamster is the most popular hamster breed, at least partially because it is the friendliest and the largest, but also because it was introduced in the 1940s when lab hamsters were first introduced into captivity and into family homes.
Are plastic cages good for hamsters?
In addition to being visually appealing (plastic cages are very colorful), plastic cages can be good for a dwarf hamster, since his small size would allow him to easily run through the twists and turns of the tunnels. It can be fun to watch your hamster run through the cage.
Why is my Syrian hamster biting her cage?
Boredom – If there aren't enough toys to play with or chew on, a hamster may begin bar chewing due to boredom. Hamsters need mental and physical stimulation just like other pets and if they are isolated to a small, rectangular cage with nothing to do they could resort to this activity.
Do Syrian hamsters need dust baths?
Because hamsters naturally clean themselves, they shouldn't need sand baths. However giving your hamster a sand bath can actually help it clean itself. Additionally, whilst sand baths are allowed for hamsters, dust baths are not recommended, as they could give your pet respiratory problems.


Welcome to habitats week! This week we will look at a different habitat found on Alderney each day, try and think if you have something similar near you for each one
First we will look at clifftop habitats which cover the south end of Alderney. Becuase they are often very exposed to the wind clifftops rarely have trees on them, and if they do they tend to be short and twisted. Most of the plants that grow on cliffs are very hardy - but some of the flowers there give beautiful displays - great for pollinators
Cliffs with soft soil or sand often make great habitats for insects as they make their burrows inside the cliff face and there are often more plants able to grow here, leading to a higher diversity. Can you think why only some plants will be able to grow on the cliffs? Soft cliffs have a variety of microhabitats (which are small changes making them suitable for invertebrates).
Rocky cliffs have lots of ledges and crevices which provide a home for seabirds. Razorbills, guillemots, gulls and fulmars are just a few of the species that use these ledges to nest in Alderney. The Gannets of Les Etacs and Ortac are on rocks out to see, but the habitat is the same as a cliff face, with those highest up getting the most protection from the sea


Solving The Trigger Challenge
In week three of Eliot's MongoDB World Weekly Challenge, you were tasked with setting up MongoDB so that actions were executed as data was inserted into the database using Triggers. Triggers are great for reacting to changes in the data so let's look at how we can put them to work, solve that problem and learn more about this great Stitch feature.
We will assume you've already got your database cluster created previously. If not, create an MongoDB Atlas M0 tier free trial cluster to work though this solution.
Create the Stitch Application
Before we start working with our data we need to create a Stitch application which will host our Database Trigger.
Create Stitch App
The application should be linked to your cluster and the deployment model can be local or global. Once the application is created, a unique App ID will be created. This App ID is the answer to question one. See. It is that simple.
Getting the App ID
Now that we have our Stitch application linked to our cluster, we can create the Stitch Trigger.
Create the Stitch Trigger
A Stitch Trigger uses MongoDB change streams to react to events in our system and push these notifications to downstream systems. In our use case, we are capturing real-time inserts and counting sales that meet our given criteria.
Select Triggers from the left-hand menu, we will use the Database Trigger for this use case. This is just one of three types of triggers that Stitch offers. The Database Trigger generates events based on database operations such as inserts, updates, and so on so you can act on database changes. The authentication trigger executes based on Stitch user events such as create and login so you can act on user activity. Finally, a scheduled trigger will execute Stitch Functions at a user-defined time interval. These are useful for database maintenance commands such as cleaning up old data or creating reports at set times. The Stitch Functions are executed in a the application's context so they also have access to all the third-party services offered by Stitch.
Knowing the three types of triggers offered by Stitch and how to use them not only allows us to be more productive developers but is also the key to answering the last question.
Adding a Trigger
Let's give our Database Trigger a name, like any good variable name the more descriptive the better. For our challenge, we want to count all documents created in the sales collection of the sample_supplies database which originated from the Denver or San Diego store locations which were purchased in store or on the phone and used a coupon.
For this trigger we will only look at inserts against the sales collection in the sample_supplies database. The great thing about this is the database does not have to exist for the trigger to start. With this current configuration, the trigger will process each sale as it comes in the proper order, but we want to find specific data, so before we create our new function, let's scroll down to the advanced features and update our match expression:
Match Expression in Trigger
Now the trigger will only fire when new a new sales document is created which matches the search criteria:
 "fullDocument.storeLocation": {
 "$in":["Denver","San Diego"]
 "$in":["In store","Phone"]
The fullDocument is a field set in the change stream which contains the newly created document. We can search for specific fields of this full document, and only those documents that match will be sent to the function (which we will create next) for processing. Something worth noting is that we are getting the full document even though we did not turn on full document processing. This is because a create will create a change event for the trigger with the full document. Compare this with an update which will only return the fields that have changed unless we explicitly ask for the full document. When we do that, it forces the trigger do a lookup on the original document.
 - A common mistake we saw was the omitting of the fullDocument field in the match expression. The fullDocument field is required as the match is being run not on the document that fired the trigger but rather on the change event document that the trigger captured.
 - One common match expression we saw had explicit use of the $and operator. A match in MongoDB uses a logical AND by default when looking at multiple fields. Calling it out can make things more readable, so this is more of a code styling preference and no points were removed if a different style was used.
Now, of course, you could perform a match like this in your function but it would make the function needlessly complex. More importantly, every new sale document would call the function, meaning it would do unnecessary extra processing.
When the trigger conditions are met, we want this trigger to execute a Stitch Function. Stitch Functions are written in JavaScript and execute in a serverless style on the Stitch platform.
Create the Stitch Function
For this part of the challenge, we simply want a count of the documents that met the criteria. We could do a query after all the sales have been loaded, but using a trigger with a function gives us a "real-time" or "at the moment" view of the data. We could expand on this example to create real-time dashboards. We could even use Charts as we saw in the previous challenge.
From the Stitch Trigger page, let's link a function. We can link an existing function or create a new function. For this challenge, we will create a new function:
Creating a Linked Function
This will expand an editor window with the prepopulated code for a trigger:
Initial code template for a Function
The code template here shows some useful examples of how to work the with the changeEvent that is sent to the function. There's some great information here, but for this challenge we will not be using any of it. We simply need to get a total count of the number of times a document was created with the criteria described previously. We can't, though, just add one to a variable. Variables created in the function scope cease to exist when the function has been run. That means we need to store the running total in the database. Using the global context associated with our Stitch application we can get a handle to a collection where we will write that running total:
exports = function(changeEvent) {
 /* 1 */
 let collection =
 /* 2 */
 return collection.updateOne(
 {_id: 1},
 {$inc: {total: 1}},
 {upsert: true}
 ).then(result => {
 return result;
 }).catch(err => {
 return err;
The first line, /* 1 */ gets the MongoDB Stitch service using the mongodb-atlas name. This name is created by default. We then get the sample_supplies database from the MongoDB Stitch service. Finally, we get a handle to a collection called sales_output which we store in the variable collection.
On second line, /* 2 */, we use the updateOne method of the collection object to increment the value in the total field by 1 for a single document with a query filter of {_id: 1}. If this document does not exist, it will be created because of the {upsert: true} arguments.
The updateOne method returns a promise. We chain the.then() method to simply return the results to the caller. We also chain the.catch() method, which catches errors, to return the error to the caller. Note that the caller, in this case, is the trigger we created.
This function is another of the answers we were looking for though we are not looking for the exact lines above, just something similar.
A couple of common mistakes (not necessarily wrong, just extra code) we saw were:
 - There was an extra check to the changeEvent object for an "insert" event. This check is not needed if we configure our trigger to only notify insert events.
 - There were validations on the changeEvent.fullDocument field to ensure the document met the query criteria. This is also not needed if we setup our match criteria correctly.
 - There were a couple entries where the updateOne method calls used an open query filter of {}. Although this does not cause an issue with this challenge as we are only storing one document in the collection, it could introduce a bug when we have more writers executing on the collection. We did not deduct any points for this difference.
Though these mistakes may be considered cosmetic, it is a best practice to only include meaningful instructions in cloud based serverless environments like Stitch Functions. In the cloud computing world we are charged for compute time of each function, reducing this compute time not only improves performance but can also save money (albeit minimal for each call) over time.
There's one last step to go in creating the function. Once we save it, let's go and edit the Function's settings. On the left hand menu click Functions, select the our newly created function, and go to its Settings page.
Function Settings
Ensure the function is marked as private so that only internal services can execute this function. Then enable run as system which allows this function to bypass any service rules that might be configured. We will learn more about services rules in an upcoming challenge.
Once finished and the changes are saved, we are now ready to load our sample data. Go back to the Atlas application page and load the sample data for the cluster.
Loading Sample Data
As the data loads, it will create various sample databases and collections. One of those will be the sample_supplies database and its sales collection where it will insert new documents, firing our trigger which in turn will call our function. Once the data is completely loaded we can go the Collections tab to view our data. Go into the sample_supplies database and look at the sales_output collection. You should see something like this:
Results in the sales_output collection
As easy


text:
ICCCS members, structure, activities, standards and accredited education
National societies in cleanroom technology and contamination control often make guidelines that fit the needs of the industries in their country. These guidelines often contain new knowledge. Sometimes these guidelines are used in the development of new standards or the revision of existing standards. In an ISO or CEN standards working group the knowledge of the participating countries is shared, combined and put as a common denominator into a new standard. Through the international standard the knowledge becomes available in the countries that adopt the new standard.In the ISO TC209 recent examples are the standards on cleanroom suitability (ISO 14644-14 and 15), energy efficiency (ISO 14644-16) and particle deposition rate (ISO 14644-17). As an example the monitoring and application of particle deposition rate, the key parameter in contamination control, will be discussed.


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|When:||This exhibition has now closed|
|Where:||Special Exhibition Gallery|
Imagine life in a different time with Herbert Basedow's photographs of early 20th-century expeditions into central and northern Australia.
Herbert Basedow — anthropologist, geologist, scientist, explorer and medical practitioner — was a remarkable Australian. He was renowned for the breadth of his work across central and northern Australia in the early decades of the 20th century. His extensive knowledge of the country and his opinions were highly valued by scientists, politicians and businessmen of his era.
Part of his great legacy is the National Museum of Australia's collection of more than 2200 negatives created during his many expeditions in remote Australia. His photographs reveal his diverse interests and provide poignant reflections of expeditionary and frontier life — a window into a different time.
A Different Time: The Expedition Photographs of Herbert Basedow 1903–1928 draws on the National Museum of Australia's rich collection of Basedow's photographic work.
WARNING: This exhibition contains images of nudity and people in distressing circumstances. Visitors should also be aware that the exhibition and website include names and images of deceased people that may cause sadness or distress to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
Image above: Herbert Basedow on Buxton, a riding camel, near present-day Granite Downs station, South Australia, 1903. Photograph by Alfred Treloar using Basedow's camera.


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What is Fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X?
Fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X, also known as optical brightener CBS-X, is a highly effective whitening agent widely used in the manufacturing of laundry detergent products. Its brilliant blue-violet shade provides an enhanced level of whiteness and brightness to fabrics, making them appear cleaner and brighter. CBS-X is particularly effective in brightening white fabrics which have yellowed over time due to exposure to sunlight or repeated washing.
CBS-X is an anionic compound and works by interacting with ultraviolet light.
The fluorescent properties of CBS-X work to absorb ultraviolet light and reflect back blue-violet light, which gives textiles a brighter appearance. The increased whiteness of fabrics is particularly effective in hiding stains and soil that may remain after washing.
Laundry detergents that contain CBS-X are typically marketed as "whitening" or "brightening" detergents. The concentration of CBS-X in the detergent is closely monitored by manufacturers to ensure that the optimum amount is used to achieve maximum whiteness without causing any damage to the fabric.
The use of CBS-X in laundry detergents is highly regulated by global and national authorities. These regulations ensure that CBS-X is safe for human health and the environment. Regulatory bodies, such as the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), enforce strict regulations on the use, manufacture, and disposal of CBS-X.
Well, let's take the fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X purchased by the washing powder/liquid factory as an example to analyze and explain in detail.
First of all, when the washing powder factory purchases the fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X, it needs to pay attention to confirm the recommended concentration with the supplier. Generally speaking, the recommended concentration of fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X in laundry detergent is usually between 0.05% and 0.1%, and the specific concentration can be adjusted according to product requirements and user needs.
After adding fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X, laundry detergent products can significantly improve the brightness and cleanliness of white fabrics. The luminescent effect of fluorescent whitening agents can cover up yellow or gray stains on fabrics, making white clothes look clearer and brighter. This not only enhances the cleaning ability of laundry detergent products, but also allows users to feel bright and clean when wearing white clothes.
In addition, the fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X also has good stability and compatibility, can be compatible with detergents and other additives, and will not negatively affect other properties of laundry detergent. This allows detergent powder factories to easily combine the optical brightener CBS-X with other ingredients during the production process to create stable laundry detergent products.
The advantages of fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X are not only reflected in improving the brightness of white fabrics, but also increasing the durability of the effect after washing. Due to its good adhesion in fabrics, adding fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X to laundry detergent products can keep white clothes bright after repeated washings and prolong their service life.
In addition, the safety of the fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X to fabrics in the washing process has also been widely recognized. It will not cause damage to fabric fibers or cause allergic reactions, ensuring the safety and comfort of washing clothes for users.
For washing powder factories, it is very important to choose a high-quality optical brightener CBS-X supplier. They should cooperate with reliable suppliers to ensure that the purchased fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X meets the relevant quality standards and regulatory requirements. At the same time, communicate with suppliers in time to understand product technical guidance and application suggestions to ensure the best results in laundry detergent manufacturing. RAYTOP is a well-known optical brightener manufacturer in China. Can meet the detailed requirements of laundry detergent and laundry detergent.
How does the washing powder factory use the fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X in the production process?
Let's break it down in detail below.
1. Determine the amount of fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X
Understand the recommended concentration of fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X: When communicating with fluorescent whitening agent suppliers, understand the recommended concentration range. Generally speaking, the concentration of fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X is usually between 0.05% and 0.1% in laundry detergent. If the factory has special requirements for its own products, it can experiment with the dosage many times, and finally get the dosage you want.
Adjust according to product requirements: According to the characteristics of laundry detergent products and user needs, the concentration of fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X can be fine-tuned. For example, for products that require higher brightness effects, the amount of fluorescent whitening agent can be slightly increased.
2. Steps of adding fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X
Define the timing of adding: determine the timing of adding the fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X. In general, it is usually added in the final stage of laundry detergent manufacturing to ensure that other ingredients have been well mixed.
Prepare fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X: Prepare an appropriate amount of fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X according to the predetermined concentration.
Adding to the laundry detergent manufacturing process: Add the fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X evenly into the laundry detergent manufacturing process. It can be carried out by spraying, dropping or weighing to ensure that the fluorescent whitening agent is evenly dispersed throughout the laundry detergent.
Thorough mixing: According to the technical requirements of laundry detergent manufacturing, fully stir or mix the laundry detergent to ensure that the fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X is evenly distributed and fully mixed with other ingredients.
3. Quality control and testing
Quality control: The washing powder factory should establish a quality control program to monitor the addition process of the fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X. Make sure to use the correct dosage and follow the relevant quality standards and regulatory requirements.
Conduct testing: Take samples from the laundry detergent manufacturing process for testing to ensure the quality and effectiveness of the fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X. Common tests include whiteness test and fluorescence test.
Whiteness test: Use a professional whiteness measuring instrument to test the white fabric in the laundry detergent product, and compare the whiteness change before and after adding the fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X. Make sure products with optical brighteners provide a bright, clean afterwash finish.
Fluorescence test: Use ultraviolet light to irradiate the white fabric in the laundry detergent product, and observe its fluorescence effect in a dark environment. Fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X can emit blue light, making white fabrics show a bright fluorescent effect. Make sure that the product after adding fluorescent whitening agent has good fluorescent properties.
Through the quality control and testing of the optical brightener CBS-X addition process, the laundry detergent factory can ensure the stability and consistency of the product to meet the needs and expectations of consumers.
To sum up, the fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X plays an important role in the manufacture of laundry detergent. Through the correct dosage and usage method, it can significantly improve the cleaning ability and after-washing effect of laundry detergent products, and keep users' white clothes bright and clean. Laundry powder factories should cooperate with reliable suppliers to select high-quality fluorescent whitening agent CBS-X and follow relevant technical guidance to ensure the production of excellent laundry detergent products that meet the needs and expectations of consumers.
In conclusion, the use of CBS-X as a whitening agent in laundry detergents is a common practice. Its effectiveness in increasing the brightness and whiteness of fabrics has made it a popular choice for detergent manufacturers. The continued regulatory oversight ensures that the use of CBS-X in laundry products is safe and environmentally friendly.


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Putting a Stop to Steam Kettle Failure
Print Date: 12/13/2017 2:50:13 PM
Yash Nagpaul
Chief Boiler Inspector, State of Hawaii
Spring 1997
Category: Design/Fabrication

Summary: The following article is a part of National Board Classic Series and it was published in the National Board BULLETIN. (3 printed pages)

No one wants to experience the effects of a boiler or pressure vessel-related incident. With this in mind, one goal is apparent to every inspector: find a way to prevent the destruction of property, and more importantly, the loss of lives.
Unfortunately a variety of injuries, and even deaths, continue to encumber the boiler and pressure vessel industry, not only in Hawaii but around the world.
For instance, eight years ago a steam kettle exploded in a Hawaii school cafeteria kitchen, injuring one cook. The incident occurred at a time when the cafeteria was not filled with school children.
The investigation revealed that the cook had turned the kettle on and was standing on a step next to the unit, when 10 minutes later, its lid blew off and struck her face. The entire kettle was blown 30 to 40 inches above its footing before falling to the floor. Steam and debris blew about in the immediate vicinity following the accident. No other employees, nor any children, were injured.
It was discovered that the jacketed steam kettle had been losing water for some time and that the water had to be replenished on a regular basis. The school administration had ordered a replacement, but prior to its arrival, the original kettle failed. Surprisingly, the kettle had been in service for only five years.
Following the incident, the remaining four kettles were inspected for corrosion. Serious corrosion was found and the kettles were immediately taken out of service.
After some investigation, it was found that the failed vessel had suffered excessive corrosion in the skirt area and the lower head, therefore causing the failure at a very low pressure. In addition, the vessel failed at the circumference of the head skirt.
Upon this conclusion, the investigation team suggested that the failure may have occurred because of the presence of a silicone-like substance between the decorative vessel skirt and the lower head. The substance may have caused cleansing agents and moisture to collect between the head and skirt. This possibly led to localized corrosion of the carbon steel head, resulting in the kettle?s failure.
The National Board issued an alert after the incident and suggested the following inspection guidelines to help prevent further incidents.
Jacketed Steam Kettle Inspection Guidelines:

 1. If the lower head and all pressure parts are fully exposed, external inspection should reveal any apparent problems.

 2. If the lower head is concealed by a skirt and is fabricated of carbon steel, inspect for corrosion in the following manner:

 1. Check the bottom of the unit. If there is a splash shield covering the lower end, have the shield removed.

 2. Examine the lower head. If there is evidence of staining or moisture, there is an excellent chance of corrosion in the skirt area.

 3. If there appears to be a seal between the skirt and head, remove a portion and determine if corrosion or debris exists. (This area is very tight and will be difficult to observe. A strong light and mirror are necessary.)

 4. If water is added to the jacket manually, check with maintenance to find out how much water is being added and determine the path the liquid follows inside the kettle.

Obviously, no pressure-retaining item is immune from the possibilities and dangers of a failure. However, the guidelines mentioned above are designed to greatly reduce the chance of another jacketed steam kettle failure.

Editor's note: Some ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code requirements may have changed because of advances in material technology and/or actual experience. The reader is cautioned to refer to the latest edition of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code for current requirements.


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Sinking lake levels have exposed some of Hill County's hidden secrets.
Fossils and Native American tools from eight thousand years ago are easy to find at Lake Whitney, and looters are taking advantage.
They used to be buried in underwater caverns, but the drought has evaporated that protection.
"The looter and scavenger comes and digs up the site," said U.S. Army Corps Engineer Brad Demsey. "They just destroy all that and leave it to the side."
Even in remote parts of Lake Whitney that were once buried under concrete for security, scavengers unearth and discard valuable history.
There are fossils and Native American tools from prehistoric times.
Texas and federal laws ban the removal of Native American artifacts from archaeological sites, but burial grounds have been disturbed.
It has been decades since the lake has been this low. Demsey said it has been 20 years since anyone has seen the caverns.
Authorities patrol Lake Whitney and have made 30 arrests. Violators were put on probation and fined thousands of dollars.
But, state and federal agents fear the only the thing that can truly protect the historic artifacts is enough rain to end a historic drought.


text:
Watch the Webinar: _URL_
Healthy Summers for Kids: Turning Risk Into Opportunity
The purpose of the Healthy Summers for Kids: Turning Risk Into Opportunity brief is to draw attention to summer as a unique developmental period for youth—a time when risk for obesity and food insecurity both rise—by highlighting findings from recent research. The brief also provides a window into opportunities to make positive change to improve children's health in summer, including a few ways that communities, schools, summer programs, health practitioners, and caregivers are already working to promote healthy habits, healthy eating, and increased physical activity. Read the entire article and download the brief here
According to a report released by the RAND Corporation, the average summer learning loss in math and reading for American students amounts to one month per year. More troubling is that it disproportionately affects low-income students: they lose two months of reading skills, while their higher-income peers — whose parents can send them to enriching camps, take them on educational vacations and surround them with books during the summer — make slight gains. A study from Johns Hopkins University of students in Baltimore found that about two-thirds of the achievement gap between lowerand higher-income ninth graders could be explained by summer learning loss during the elementary school years. Read More.
California Food Policy Advocates have issued their annual report
on summer nutrition in California that documents an alarming drop in the number of low-income children getting federally-funded summer meals, due primarily to budget cuts that reduced the availability of summer school. To view the annual report, click here.


Foreign Corrupt Practices
Review the scenario and complete the activity below. This scenario can also be found in the "Questions & Problems" section of Ch. 6, "International and Comparative Law" in Dynamic Business Law.In an interview published by The New York Times in February 1976, former Lockheed President A. Carl Kotchian defended the payment of bribes by the company as follows:"Some call it gratuities. Some call them questionable payments. Some call it extortion. Some call it grease. Some call it bribery. I look at these payments as necessary to sell a product. I never felt I was doing anything wrong."More than 30 years later, Reinhard Siekaczek, an accountant employed by Siemens who oversaw an annual budget for questionable payments in excess of $50 million, stated:"I never thought I would go to jail for my company. …We thought we had to do it. Otherwise, we would ruin the company. …People will only say about Siemens that they were unlucky and that they broke the Eleventh Commandment. The Eleventh Commandment is, 'Don't get caught.'"You have been hired to assist ABC Multinational Company to help educate employees on ethical practices and corporate culture. More specifically, related to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, your role is to prevent situations described in the above scenario.Create either a handout, job-aid, poster, or flier to educate employees on the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act. Complete the following for your educational tool:o Explain what the employees should know regarding the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.o Provide examples of Foreign Corrupt Practices Act violations.o Identify company actions or red flags that might indicate violations of the Act.o List any consequences of the violations.o Recommend actions to report possible violations.o Describe protections for whistleblowers. Why are they important? How do the protections impact the Act?Cite references to support your assignment. for more information on Foreign Corrupt Practices check on this:
DNP Role Presentation
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Fantastic Static Learning Kit Includes Fun Flystick
This 25 piece experiment kit provides everything you need to learn to levitate everyday items and perform exciting experiments with static charge. Learn how to bend a thin stream of water, move a conductive cylinder, create electric wind, power a neon lamp, and more. The in-depth static electricity experiment guide includes an introduction to static electricity, information about insulators and conductors, an explanation of triboelectric charge, and more.
The kit also comes with a portable and transparent Van de Graaf generator, the "Fun-Fly-Stick," which allows you to see the inner workings of the wand while you play wizard.
The material includes introduction to static electricity, overview of atom models (solar system and electron cloud), teaches about insulators and conductors, triboelectric charge, explains Van de Graaff generator on very detailed level including electrostatic induction, polarization, and coronal discharge.
Kit includes: One transparent, portable Van de Graaf generator; one illustrated and detailed experiment guide; 10-piece levitation kit and 25-piece experiment kit.
Recommended for ages 14+.
Requirements: 2 AA batteries (not included)
Play with FunFlyStick at least 3 ft from computers, TV, and other electronic devices. It is recommended to avoid contact between FunFlyStick and metal objects such as pots, pans, etc.
- bend a thin stream of water
- move a conductive cylinder
- feel the 'electric wind'
- ion motor
- power a lamp with the fun Fly Stick
- electrostatic adhesion
- fly fling saucers
- electrostatic motor
- electrostartic drummer
- understanding induction
- leyden jar


text:
CO2 drop checkers for your aquarium
If the plant aquarium is fertilized with carbon in the form of carbon dioxide. A drop checker is used to permanently monitor the CO2 content of the aquarium water. This permanent test consists of a test fluid, which is located inside a container. This container is usually made of glass or acrylic glass and is installed inside the aquarium. The test fluid is in no direct contact with the aquarium water. An air-filled channel is located between the test fluid and the aquarium water. CO2 dissolved in the aquarium water diffuses through this layer of air and reacts with the testing fluid, which indicates through its colour an optimal (green), too low (blue) or too high (yellow) CO2 content in the water. In an aquascape or in aquariums with many aquatic plants, concentrations of 20 to 30 mg / l CO2 are aimed at. If the test reagent turns green, this content is reached. Please note that the liquid in the drop checker always indicates the CO2 with a time lag of several hours. In order to combine the green hue with a certain CO2 concentration, the test liquids such as the Aqua Rebel CO2 Check 250 ml have a fixed carbonate hardness.
A measurement of the CO2 content in this way is much more faithful than measuring directly in the aquarium water or calculating with CO2 conversion tables. In both cases, the pH of the water plays a role in determination - and the pH can be influenced, for example, by acids dissolved in the water or by humic substances! That makes these evaluations quite inaccurate.
We offer a vast selection of drop checkers in our online shop. The required testing fluids can be purchased through our webshop as well. The checkers are made of either plastic or glass. Especially the glass checkers are very attractive and fit well into the overall look of an aquascape.
You have trouble filling your drop checker? No problem, we have a guide for you in our Aquascaping Wiki.


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Several factors usually determine if a person will have or experience social anxiety. A few of them are genetics, trauma, their childhood, introversion vs. extroversion, and whether they feel safe in that environment or social situation.
Some people are generally sensitive to social situations and can experience varying degrees of anxiety when confronted with a social situation. Although there is no way to actually tell if someone has social anxiety, there are certain behavioral factors or qualities that make some people more likely to experience social anxiety than others. One of such qualities is the zodiac sign.
In this article, we'll be discussing which is the worst zodiac sign for social anxiety. If you're interested in knowing which is the worst zodiac sign, then keep reading. We'll be providing a list containing 5 signs that have qualities that make them more susceptible to social anxiety.
5 Zodiac Signs Most Susceptible to Social Anxiety
- Virgo (August 23 to September 22) – Virgo is a mutable and grounded sign. It is generally associated with the earth and being well-grounded. Virgos are extremely patient and calm. They tend to suffer in silence and give people several second chances. Virgos are also loyal. The combination of these qualities can lead to heightened feelings of social anxiety. Due to the Virgo's reluctance to discuss what is wrong, they can continue to internalize their issues, and this can manifest in social situations. Virgos also like order and being in control. These are qualities often absent in a social situation. The lack of order and control may cause Virgos to withdraw and feel anxious about the situation.
- Gemini (May 20 to June 21) – Infamously known as the two-faced sign, Geminis can actually be quite dependable. They tend to see both sides of things and have more than one thought process. This helps them to be more patient and calculated in their decisions. Unfortunately, this can also cause social anxiety. They have a tendency to overthink situations, and this can manifest as social anxiety. Gemini will also absorb the energy of others. If they're in a location they do not feel comfortable in; they can become extremely socially anxious and overthink everything they do.
- Scorpio (October 23 to November 21) – Scorpios are deep thinkers and introverts. They have an iron control of their thoughts and expressions. Unfortunately, this makes it hard to spot signs of social anxiety in a Scorpio. If they get too deep in their head around people they don't know well; they can become socially anxious.
- Cancer (June 21 to July 22) – Cancers are a fluid sign as their element is water. They have many emotions and can often feel overwhelmed by their emotions. Due to this, they may get called moody or pessimistic. They simply prefer to stay within people they trust. Being in a place with a lot of people they do not know can make them socially anxious.
- Taurus (April 20 to May 20)- This sign is calm and collected. They prefer calm situations and staying in their comfort zone. Taking them out of their comfort zone can lead to feelings of anxiety.


text:
Posted December 5, 2012 Atlanta, GA
Study finds security indicators sacrificed to accommodate small screens
ATLANTA – Dec. 5, 2012 – How unsafe are mobile browsers? Unsafe enough that even cyber-security experts are unable to detect when their smartphone browsers have landed on potentially dangerous websites, according to a recent Georgia Tech study.
Like their counterparts for desktop platforms, mobile browsers incorporate a range of security and cryptographic tools to provide a secure Web-browsing experience. However in one critical area that informs user decisions—the incorporation of tiny graphical indicators in a browser's URL field—all of the leading mobile browsers fail to meet security guidelines recommended by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) for browser safety, leaving even expert users with no way to determine if the websites they visit are real or imposter sites phishing for personal data.
"We found vulnerabilities in all 10 of the mobile browsers we tested, which together account for more than 90 percent of the mobile browsers in use today in the United States," said Patrick Traynor, assistant professor in Georgia Tech's School of Computer Science. "The basic question we asked was, 'Does this browser provide enough information for even an information-security expert to determine security standing?' With all 10 of the leading browsers on the market today, the answer was no."
The graphic icons at issue are called either SSL ("secure sockets layer") or TLS ("transport layer security") indicators, and they serve to alert users (a) when their connection to the destination website is secure and (b) that the website they see is actually the site they intended to visit. The tiny "lock" icon that typically appears in a desktop browser window when users are providing payment information in an online transaction is one example of an SSL indicator. Another is the "https" keyword that appears in the beginning of a desktop browser's URL field.
The W3C has issued specific recommendations for how SSL indicators should be built into a browser's user interface, and for the most part, Traynor said, desktop browsers do a good job of following those recommendations. In mobile browsers, however, the guidelines are followed inconsistently at best and often not at all.
The principal reason for this, Traynor admits, is the much smaller screen size with which designers of mobile browsers have to work. Often there simply isn't room to incorporate SSL indicators in same way as with desktop browsers. However, given that mobile devices are widely predicted to face more frequent attacks from cyber-criminals, the vulnerability is almost sure to lead to increased cyber-crime unless it is addressed.
"Research has shown that mobile browser users are three times more likely to access phishing sites than users of desktop browsers," said Chaitrali Amrutkar, a Ph.D. student in the School of Computer Science and principal author of the paper that described the SSL research. "Is that all due to the lack of these SSL indicators? Probably not, but giving these tools a consistent and complete presence in mobile browsers would definitely help."
The paper, "Measuring SSL Indicators on Mobile Browsers: Extended Life, or End of the Road," earned Amrutkar a Best Student Paper award at this year's Information Security Conference, held Sept. 19-21 in Passau, Germany. Traynor and Amrutkar said the study, essentially a measurement analysis of the current state of visual security indicators in mobile browsers, is a necessary first step in developing a uniform set of security recommendations that can apply to mobile browsers.
"We understand the dilemma facing designers of mobile browsers, and it looks like all of them tried to do the best they could in balancing everything that has to fit within those small screens," Traynor said. "But the fact is that all of them ended up doing something just a little different—and all inferior to desktop browsers. With a little coordination, we can do a better job and make mobile browsing a safer experience for all users."
Assistant Director of Communications
College of Computing at Georgia Tech


One Aphasia Action is a set of small, actionable activities you can do from home that will help you retain speech progress.
We may need to stay at home right now, but that doesn't mean you need to stay inside. Make sure you stand outside for five minutes today and breathe fresh air. Taking these moments to reconnect with the world and relax can help the words flow. Take a walk, even if it's just back and forth on a driveway or a few steps on a balcony. If you can't get outside, open a window and sit beside it for five minutes. Or even smaller, make a plan to bring flowers or a small plant indoors to look at while you relax.
You can find all of the One Aphasia Action activities on this list. This works best if you start on Day 1 and work at your own pace, even if you're finding this project long after it has started. Try every activity, even if you only do it once. Keep doing the activities you like, repeating them the next day along with the new activity, and drop the ones that don't work for you.


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The University of Alabama, in partnership with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), is pleased to announce the In-Space Manufacturing Workshop to be held in Tuscaloosa at the Bryant Conference Center on The University of Alabama campus September 28 - 29, 2020.
The Workshop will focus on the advanced materials and manufacturing processes for in-space and lunar surface capabilities that are critical to the success of NASA's plan for sustained lunar exploration and development. Together with other government agencies, academic and commercial partners we are seeking to identify significant technical challenges and accelerate the technology and innovation needed to achieve these ambitious missions, maintain leadership in science, manufacturing and technology and inspire a new generation in human space exploration.
The Workshop is intended for government, industry and academic thought leaders in the broad areas of advanced materials, advanced manufacturing, cyber-physical systems, space operations, value proposition, technology transfer, and workforce development. A special emphasis will be placed on building strong partnerships between universities, industry and government.
For attendees who register prior to September 1, there will be no charge for Workshop registration, lunches on September 28 and 29, and networking breaks and reception.
Additional information, including the full agenda, speakers and parking for the conference center will be updated soon. Please stay tuned.
If you have any questions, please contact Angie Brown at _EMAIL_.


Abstract
Reactive oxygen species, specifically hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), activate signal transduction pathways during angiogenesis and therefore play an important role in physiol. development as well as various pathophysiologies. Herein, the authors utilize a near-IR fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) sensor array to measure the single-mol. efflux of H2O2 from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in response to angiogenic stimulation. Two angiogenic agents were investigated: the pro-angiogenic cytokine, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and the recently identified inorg. pro-angiogenic factor, europium(III) hydroxide in nanorod form. The nanosensor array consists of a SWNT embedded within a collagen matrix that exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity to single mols. of H2O2. A calibration from 12.5 to 400 nM quantifies the prodn. of H2O2 at nanomolar concn. in HUVEC with 1 s temporal and 300 nm spatial resolns. The authors find that the prodn. of H2O2 following VEGF stimulation is elevated outside of HUVEC, but not for stimulation via nanorods, while increased generation is obsd. in the cytoplasm for both cases, suggesting two distinct signaling pathways. [on SciFinder(R)]
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text: The behavior of As precipitation in low-temperature grown III-V arsenides is investigated and correlated with the doping level, crystal bond strength, and dislocation density. Experimental results reveal that the doping level affects the concentration of charged defects, such as vacancy and antisite point defects, and hence leads to the selective precipitation of excess As in homojunctions. For heterostructures, As precipitates tend to condense in materials with a lower bond strength due to differences in point defect concentrations between the materials. In addition, dislocations are found to be a vacancy source that facilitates As precipitation around them. These results indicate that column III vacancies play an important role in As precipitation of low-temperature grown III-V arsenides. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)07917-7].


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The Psychology and Politics of the Collective
Groups, Crowds and Mass Identifications
Edited by Ruth Parkin-Gounelas
Routledge – 2012 – 222 pages
What are the psychological factors in operation when we form groups or crowds, and how are these affected by socio-historical circumstances? History offers endless examples of different forms of human collectivity, both private and public, small-scale and large: from the primal horde to the modern nuclear family, from the Athenian polis to virtual internet communities. Within the context of shifting social bonds in global culture, this book brings together debates on the left from political philosophy, psychoanalysis, social psychology and media and cultural studies to explore the logic of the formation of collective identities from a new theoretical perspective. Challenging liberal-capitalist models of individualism, as well as postmodern identity politics, analysts here turn to Continental philosophy (Lacan, Derrida, Agamben, Laclau, Badiou, among others) in order to re-think collectivity in relation to questions of agency, alterity, affect, sovereignty, the national imaginary and the biopolitical. In the aftermath of the great mass movements of the twentieth century (Marxist-Leninism, Mao), which resulted in bureaucratic submission and the cult of the State, the fate of our collective identity today raises urgent questions about the future of collaborative activity, the role of mediating institutions in shaping mass psychology, what is at stake in a radical democracy, and what happens in a crowd.
Introduction Ruth Parkin-Gounelas Part I: Psychoanalysis and the Group 1. Brother Animal's Long Tail: Sigmund Freud, Victor Tausk and Intellectual Influence Mandy Merck 2. Mass Enjoyment and the Society of the Camp: The Revised Case of Dorian Gray Josiane Paccaud-Huguet 3. Interview with Ernesto Laclau Conducted by Ruth Parkin-Gounelas Part II: What's in a Crowd? 4. Crowds, Agency and Passion: Reconsidering the Roots of the Social Bond Stephen Reicher 5. "A Swinish Multitude" versus "A Crowd of Golden Daffodils" Jina Politi 6. The Masses as a "Vanishing Mediator": Class and Politics in Dušan Kovačević's The Professional Sean Homer Part III: Global Networks and Mass Identifications 7. Globality, the Totalitarian Mass and National Belonging Effie Yiannopoulou 8. Geographies of Cultural Globalization and Cosmopolitanisms of the Future Joseph Michael Gratale 9. "Touching Everyone": Media Identifications, Imagined Communities and New Media Technologies in the Case of Madeleine McCann Nicola Rehling 10. Swarm Intelligence: Blogging and On-Line Subjectivities Holger Briel Epilogue: Pluralities to Come Ruth Parkin-Gounelas
Ruth Parkin-Gounelas is a Professor in the Department of English Literature and Culture at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.


The visual search engine Google Lens is Google's future
Google notified about Google lens at I/O 2017, providing us a preview of the new software, before proceeding with the announcement of the Pixel 2, and Pixel 2 XL, its latest handsets launched in October 2017, with android as its operating system. So, if you wish to know where Google is headed, look through Google Lens.
What is Google Lens? Google Lens is an Artificial Intelligence-powered technology that employs smartphone camera and deep machine learning that not only identifies an object but understands what it recognizes and provides information based on the same or related things.
What can Google lens do?
Google lens uses the camera on a Pixel phone to scan various items, documents, text and provide relevant information about what it sees. For example, if you point your phone at something, like a pen, you'll not only be provided with the answer but also will be provided with ideas based on the object it sees, like the nearby stationery shop in case of a pen. Google Pixel can help you with-
1. Plants and Flowers: Just by viewing through your phone's camera, it can tell you what species a flower is, and based on the object, it can also suggest you about the nearest florist.
2. Complexpasswords: It can read a complicated Wi-Fi password through your phone's camera and automatically log you into the network by scanning the password on the rear of the router.
3. Buildings, Landmarks, Places: It can offer you reviews and information about the retail store or restaurant, cafes, bars, clubs across the street if you just flash your camera over the physical location. It will provide you with a pop-up window showing reviews, opening times, address details which are helpful in a considerable manner.
4. Posters, Movies, Books: It also provides details about a recently released movie by its poster. You can know about the reviews and based on it you can decide whether to watch it or not.
5. Barcodes: With your Google Assistant and Google Lens, You can quickly look for products by barcode, or simply scan QR codes.
Besides, it helps you with the landmarks, books, art, movies, etc. To be precise, Google Lens scans photos you've saved or snapped and gives additional information about the same.
What apps will Google Lens function with?
1. Google Assistant:
At the start, Google Lens will be executed by Google Assistant and Google Photos. Other Google apps will gradually follow which we are yet to know what they would be.
For example: Within Google Assistant, users can tap the Google Lens icon in the bottom right-hand corner, focus their smartphone camera at show time outside a cinema. You'll then be provided with numerous suggestions in the viewfinder, like a song from the artist picked up from the information board, get tickets for the event, or may add the event to your calendar. Google lens is really convenient because you will be able to get information and numbers without having about.
2. Google Photos:
Google Lens will be able to identify the buildings or landmarks within Google photos, a sign, a product, a poster, etc attempting to provide more information to users like directions about it. Not only that, Google Lens will provide information on famous work of art as well. We hope, maybe it will resolve the debate about Mona Lisa's smile too.
When will Google Lens Arrive?
Google Lens as a part of Google Assistant will officially be available to all Android users. It was revealed at the launch of the Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XLavailable from late October, but there is no news when Google lens will be coming to other Android users. Google Lens in the Assistant is available in all Pixel phones set to English in the U.S., U.K., India, Canada, Australia, and Singapore. Once you receive the update, go to your Google Assistant on your mobile device on your phone and tap the Google Lens icon in the bottom right corner.
Now, with the help of the Google Assistant, Google Lens will help you explore and learn about the world around you. Since it is also available in Google Photos, so once you click the picture, you can continue to explore and get more information about what's there in your photo. So, have a happy learning.


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Quail (Common Quail) Coturnix coturnix
A scarce breeding bird in Norfolk and the rest of the UK, and much more often heard than seen. Although wintering birds are occasionally recorded in Norfolk (I once flushed one during a blizzard on 1st February) the majority move south for the winter. They are more numerous in parts of Europe but in most areas still provide a challenge to get good views.
So far I've not seen one in Europe out in the open anywhere near long enough to get a photo but a pair in Africa were more obliging. These could conceivably have belonged to the race africana which occurs in Malawi as an intra-African migrant and is darker than the nominate coturnix from Europe, but they are more likely to be the locally resident and even darker race erlangeri.
pair of Common Quail (probably race erlangeri), Nyika Plateau (Malawi), 6th October 2008


Herb & Honey Compounds
Australerba Herb and Honey Compounds
Australerba Herb and Honey Compounds are a combination of pure unrefined bee's honey and spagyrically prepared extracts from selected herbs species from different parts of the world.
Herbs and honey have been combined as tonics and therapeutic formulae since antiquity. they are nature's gift readily available to mankind and come from the same source, the generous plant kingdom.
Honey is the processed nectar of flowers, a wonderfully balanced energizer and suitable carrier of principles obtained from herbs through our special extraction methods.
They are highly concentrated, syrup like consistency and pleasant to taste. They can be taken from a teaspoon, or mixed with milk, water, fruit juice etc.
At present the following range is available:


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A full-scale experiment was carried out on air flow and heat transfer of a fight plane-s cockpit. Aerothermal load and body heat load were simulated, and ATM2400 36-channel airflow and temperature instrument were used to measure velocity fields of 5 measurement planes and temperature fields of 2 measurement planes and near clothing surface. The influnce of air supply flux and the switch of nozzles was observed, and the cockpit comfort was assessed. The results show that velocity fields are asymmetry and temperature distribution on cockpit-s inside wall is unevenness, and the switch of nozzles has great effect on velocity fields, temperature fields and temperature distribution near clothing surface while has little effect on the average velocity and temperature in cockpit, and the average velocity is linear with air supply flux. Experimental results can be used for proving numerical simulation accuracy.
����,Ԭ��.��-��-����ϵͳ��������[M].����:�������պ����ѧ������,2000:1-7 Chen Xin, Yuan Xiugan. General human-machine-environment system[M]. Beijing: Press of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2000:1-7(in Chinese)
������,�λ�ɺ.��������������[M].����:�������պ����ѧ������,2004:314-398 Shou Rongzhong, He Huishan. Aircraft's environment control[M]. Beijing: Press of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004:314-398(in Chinese)
Singh A, Hosni M H, Hortsman R H. Numerical simulation of airflow in an aircraft cabin section[J]. ASHRAE Transactions, 2002, 108(1): _PHONE_
Gunther G, Bosbach J, Pennecot J, et al. Experimental and numerical simulations of idealized aircraft cabin flows[J]. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2006(10):563-573
�ֹ���.�յ��������������ʹ��ȵ���ֵ�о� .����:�������պ����ѧ���տ�ѧ�빤��ѧԺ,1998 Lin Guohua. Numerical fluid flow and heat transfer within an air-conditioning cockpit . Beijing: School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering,Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1998(in Chinese)


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Whitworth Home Page > Physics Department >
Annual Pumpkin-Launch Contest
This the culmination of the students' efforts to apply basic physics and engineering principles to design simple machines that throw pumpkins as far as possible using only mechanical means, such as counterweights and springs. Students are not allowed to use compressed gases, chemical reactions or electrical power in their designs.
Click here to view a Quicktime video taken during the 2004 pumpkin launch.
Students use the laws of physics to predict the potential altitude of rockets they build, and then test the accuracy of their predictions with an electronic altimeter on board the rockets.
Students apply their knowledge of electronics to design unique interfaces to a robot to enable it to tackle problems such as finding and extinguishing a fire, climbing a staircase, or even crossing a chasm.
Whitworth Student Science Club
The Whitworth Science Club is a group of students that have set out to help each other achieve their educational, spiritual, and social goals. Our goal is to build a sense of community in the science department in order to aid the learning process. We will provide a way for students to discuss their goals, and help them plan for the years spent at Whitworth. By working closely with the science faculty we hope to produce a more dynamic educational experience here at Whitworth.


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Creich History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms
The ancient Pictish-Scottish family that first used the name Creich lived in the lands of Creich in Fife. "This place is supposed to have derived its name, signifying in the Gaelic language, rocky or rugged ground, from the general appearance of its surface. "
Criech is a parish, in the county of Sutherland, 11½ miles from Tain. "This place is famed for a contest which happened in the eleventh or twelfth century, between the Scots and the Danes, at Druimleah, near Bonar-Bridge, whence the invaders, after being completely routed, retired to their ships at Portnacoulter, at present called the Meikle Ferry. "
Early Origins of the Creich family
The surname Creich was first found in Fife, at Creich, derived from the ancient Celtic word "crug" which means a mound or hill.
"The parish of Creich, in the northern part of Fifeshire, contains the remains of an ancient casde but there is no trace of any family bearing the name occupying the lands. Douenaldus (i.e. Donald) de Creych, a cleric, was one of the witnesses to a confirmation charter by Walter, son of Alan of the land of Tubermor between 1204 and 1241. "
While the surname hails from Scotland, there are at least two listing of the same name further south in England, specifically Creech East in Dorset and Creech St. Michael in Somerset.
Both date back to the Domesday Book where they were listed as Cris and Crixe, respectively.
The Hundredorum Rolls of 1273 included Robert de Criche, Nottinghamshire and Kirby's Quest listed Peter de Cryche, Somerset, 1 Edward III (during the first year of King Edward III's reign).
Early History of the Creich family
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Creich research. Another 164 words (12 lines of text) covering the years 1394, 1403, 1423, 1429, 1585, 1544, 1611, 1745, 1815, 1659, 1700, 1720 and 1693 are included under the topic Early Creich History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Creich Spelling Variations
The arts of spelling and translation were yet in their infancies when surnames began, so there are an enormous number of spelling variations of the names in early Scottish records. This is a particular problem with Scottish names because of the numerous times a name might have been loosely translated to English from Gaelic and back. Creich has been spelled Creech, Creich, Creigh, Craich, Creych, Creyche and others.
Early Notables of the Creich family (pre 1700)
Notable amongst the Clan at this time was Thomas Creech (_PHONE_), an English translator of classical works, and headmaster of Sherborne School, born at Blandford in Dorset. His...
Migration of the Creich family
This oppression forced many Scots to leave their homelands. Most of these chose North America as their destination. Although the journey left many sick and poor, these immigrants were welcomed the hardy with great opportunity. Many of these settlers stood up for their newfound freedom in the American War of Independence. More recently, Scots abroad have recovered much of their collective heritage through highland games and other patriotic functions and groups. An examination of passenger and immigration lists has located various settlers bearing the name Creich: Stephen Creigh who settled in Philadelphia in 1850.