Dodonaea viscosa
Sticky Hop Bush
Family: Sapindaceae
Dodonaea viscosa, the Sticky Hop Bush, is a tall multi-stemmed shrub reaching a height of four metres. The leaves are linear, sticky with a margin that may be entire, slightly wavy and slightly toothed.
Male and female flowers are held on different plants. The male flowers are insignificant whilst the females develop into 3-winged capsules. If fertilised a hard-coated seed is held at the base of each wing. If not fertilised the capsules develop but without seeds.
Spring is the flowering period. At this time, although they are insignificant, the male flowers sometimes attract honey bees in large numbers.
Dodonaea viscosa is separated into seven sub species. Although the subspecies have some botanical differences, horticulturally they are similar.
D. viscosa is a widespread species and is found throughout Australia including Lord Howe Island.
D. viscosa was used by Aboriginal people to treat toothache, cuts and stingray stings. Dodonaeas were also used by early settlers to make beer (hence the common name).
In the garden
The Sticky Hop Bush has attractive foliage and fruits. In fact many Hop Bushes have horticultural potential but unfortunately very few species are in general cultivation.
Propagate from seed or cuttings. Seed should be soaked in boiling water before sowing. We have found that cuttings take root rapidly. Propagating cuttings from female plants will ensure that you will have the attractive capsules.
Other information
The genus is named after Rembert Dodoens, a 16th century Flemish botanist.
By Warren and Gloria Sheather


text:
This youth supplement to UNFPA's flagship State of the World Population Report addresses climate change through the perspectives and experiences of seven young people (from Brazil, Marshall Islands, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Philippines and U.S.A.). It explores how environmental changes are affecting their lives, and what further climatic changes could mean for young people's lives, livelihoods, health, rights and development.
Young people all over the world are today standing up and calling for action on climate change. They are both angry with scenarios that in some cases seem inevitable and confident that their contributions will make a difference. The young people featured in this report tell stories that give us a glimpse of what impact climate change might have on young people from different backgrounds and cultures, giving a deeper understanding of how the lives of young people will change, as the projected impacts of climate change arrive.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
SIU researchers receive $194K grant for tech development to stop algae toxin production
CARBONDALE, Ill. (KFVS) - Researchers at Southern Illinois University Carbondale received funding for their work on a new technology aimed at stopping a toxin produced by a common water algae.
According to a release from SIU Carbondale, the team of faculty researchers from the School of Biological Sciences, comprised of Scott Hamilton-Brehm, Marjorie Brooks and Lahiru Jayakody, recently received a one-year $194,000 grant to pursue the research on mitigating harmful algae blooms (HABs) using a molecular technique.
The grant begins November 1, and is from the United States Harmful Algal Bloom Control Technologies Incubator, a partnership among the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the University of Maryland's Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology and Mote Marine Laboratory.
According to the release, HABs come from high concentrations of marine or freshwater cyanobacteria, commonly called blue-green algae. Cyanobacteria sometimes produce toxic substances that can harm wildlife, livestock, pets and humans.
"If you kill the bacteria, they release their payload of toxin. The more cells you kill, the more toxin is released," said associate professor in the School of Biological Sciences Hamilton-Brehm. "Most management solutions either kill cells, add other toxins into the environment or are not scalable to solve problems the sizes of lakes and oceans."
The release states that the research team is developing a molecular-based approach, resulting in a technology that will send a molecular "message" that communicates with the cyanobacteria on a genetic level. The message will tell the bacterium to stop making toxin.
The molecular-level approach would not harm the microorganism itself, Hamilton-Brehm said, but would instead switch off its appetite for making toxins.
"Animals have eaten cyanobacteria with no side effects," he said. "But it is their toxin that they sometimes produce which is the problem. Our solution is to stop toxin production while leaving the microbe alone."
The technology is being considered for a patent. If it succeeds, the team could obtain additional grants for three years aimed at scaling up the project for actual environmental applications, according to the release.
Copyright 2023 KFVS. All rights reserved.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
RAF Chivenor – UK – EGDC – Tag21 v1.0
RAF Chivenor (ICAO: EGDC) was a Royal Air Force station located on the northern shore of the River Taw estuary, on the north coast of Devon, England. The nearest towns are Barnstaple and Braunton.
Originally a civil airfield opened in the 1930s, the site was taken over by the Royal Air Force in May 1940 for use as a Coastal Command Station. After World War II, the station was largely used for training, particularly weapons training. During the 1950s and 1960s, No. 229 Operational Conversion Unit used Hawker Hunter aircraft for training. In 1974 the station was left on "care and maintenance", though No. 624 Volunteer Gliding Squadron (624 VGS) continued to fly from there. The RAF returned in 1979, forming 2 Tactical Weapons Unit (2 TWU) which flew BAE Hawks, from 1979 until the unit was renamed as No. 7 Flying Training School RAF in 1992. In 1994, 7 FTS left Chivenor, merging with No. 4 Flying Training School RAF at RAF Valley, and the airfield was handed over to the Royal Marines and the base was re-named as Royal Marines Base Chivenor.
To see all the objects you will need all the Asobo airfields, plus the Library files I identify in the screenshots.
To install the scenery, just place the scenery file into your Community folder.
When editing in the SDK the runways were showing as normal, but on compiling the scenery, the closed runway crosses have appeared. Not sure why that is.
Perhaps BigGazza can produce a 151 Sqn Hawk skin to use at the base.
Well you could buy me a coffee
GPS Coordinates: 51.088127, -4.149972


Commit 761d81f5 authored by PID GitlabRunner's avatar PID GitlabRunner
Browse files
documentation: adding section on installed binary package versions
parent bf51a7c7
......@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ GIT branches are used to organize the development workflow by registering "incre
As GIT branches can be used to represent any type of concern their understanding can quickly become a real problem. That is why their usage is constrained according to a predefined pattern inspired from successful branching models. This pattern defines what is the meaning of branches, what they are use for and the way they are created and merged :
\textbf{Main branches} (see in figure~\ref{fig-perm-branches}) have infinite lifetime and must always be usable : their last commit must point to a state in which the package is compilable and executable with unit tests successful.
\textbf{Main branches} (see in figure~\ref{fig:perm-branches}) have infinite lifetime and must always be usable : their last commit must point to a state in which the package is compilable and executable with unit tests successful.
\begin{itemize}
\item The \textbf{master} branch contains the source code that always reflects a production-ready state. This branch is used to \textbf{tag} the released stable source code with version numbers but also to tag important intermediate states of the repository that reflect the development made for demonstrations and publications.
\item The \textbf{integration} branch contains the detailed history of all the modification that have been realized on the repository. The source code of HEAD (pointer on the current state of the repository) always reflects a state with the latest delivered development changes for the next release. This is where any automatic nightly builds are built from, if any.
......@@ -177,27 +177,27 @@ As GIT branches can be used to represent any type of concern their understanding
\center
\includegraphics[scale=1]{images/permanent_branches.png}
\caption{Permanent branches of a package}
\label{fig-perm-branches}
\label{fig:perm-branches}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\center
\includegraphics[scale=1]{images/feature_branching.png}
\caption{Relation between feature and integration branches}
\label{fig-feature-branches}
\label{fig:feature-branches}
\end{figure}
\textbf{Supporting branches} are temporary branches, used to aid parallel development between team members, ease tracking of features and to assist in quickly fixing live production problems.
\begin{itemize}
\item \textbf{Features} branches (see figure ~\ref{fig-feature-branches}) are used to develop new features /address new topics for the upcoming or a distant future release. Each feature branch must branch from the \textbf{integration} branch. A feature branch exists as long as the feature is in development, but will be merged back into develop (to definitely add the new feature to the upcoming release) or discarded (in case of a disappointing experiment). During its lifetime a feature should be updated from time to time with the modifications contained in the \textbf{integration} branch (issued for instance from the integration of other features). Doing so, the final merge of the feature will be more easy as the state of the feature will be not to far, in terms of importance of modifications, from the state of the \textbf{integration} branch.
\item \textbf{Hotfixes} branches (see figure ~\ref{fig-hotfix-branches}) arise from the necessity to act immediately upon an undesired state of a released version. When a critical bug in a realease version must be resolved immediately, a hotfix branch may be branched off from the corresponding tag on the \textbf{master} branch that marks the production version. Hotfix branches are used to allow team members to continue their work (on the \textbf{integration} and \textbf{feature} branches), while another person is preparing a quick bug/security fix. When bugs are solved, the bug fix must be merged back into both \textbf{master} and \textbf{integration} branches. When merged the \textbf{master} branch is tagged with a new \textit{patch version number}.
\item \textbf{Features} branches (see figure ~\ref{fig:feature-branches}) are used to develop new features /address new topics for the upcoming or a distant future release. Each feature branch must branch from the \textbf{integration} branch. A feature branch exists as long as the feature is in development, but will be merged back into develop (to definitely add the new feature to the upcoming release) or discarded (in case of a disappointing experiment). During its lifetime a feature should be updated from time to time with the modifications contained in the \textbf{integration} branch (issued for instance from the integration of other features). Doing so, the final merge of the feature will be more easy as the state of the feature will be not to far, in terms of importance of modifications, from the state of the \textbf{integration} branch.
\item \textbf{Hotfixes} branches (see figure ~\ref{fig:hotfix-branches}) arise from the necessity to act immediately upon an undesired state of a released version. When a critical bug in a realease version must be resolved immediately, a hotfix branch may be branched off from the corresponding tag on the \textbf{master} branch that marks the production version. Hotfix branches are used to allow team members to continue their work (on the \textbf{integration} and \textbf{feature} branches), while another person is preparing a quick bug/security fix. When bugs are solved, the bug fix must be merged back into both \textbf{master} and \textbf{integration} branches. When merged the \textbf{master} branch is tagged with a new \textit{patch version number}.
\end{itemize}
\begin{figure}
\center
\includegraphics[scale=1]{images/hotfix_branching.png}
\caption{Relation between hotfix and integration/master branches}
\label{fig-hotfix-branches}
\label{fig:hotfix-branches}
\end{figure}
\textbf{Naming Conventions:}
......@@ -229,10 +229,10 @@ Privileges associated to each role are managed inside the \textbf{package server
\center
\includegraphics[scale=1]{images/collaborativework.png}
\caption{Collaboration between developers and repository}
\label{fig-collab}
\label{fig:collaborativeWork}
\end{figure}
The basic scheme for collaborative working between package developers is presented in figure~\ref{fig-collab}.
The basic scheme for collaborative working between package developers is presented in figure~\ref{fig:collaborativeWork}.
Given a package, this package has an \textbf{official GIT repository} that is deployed on a given \textbf{package server}. This repository is \textit{official} because it centralizes information of the package and is public, which means that all concerned people (team, laboratory or more generally anyone registered in the server) can access to it. The access in itself is restricted with respects to roles:
\begin{itemize}
\item registered \textbf{administrators} have read/write access on the official package.
......@@ -281,19 +281,19 @@ A workspace is a folder (preferably named "workspace") with the following struct
\subsubsection{Installing binary packages in the workspace}
\label{sec:workspaceInstall}
The install folder contains installed binary version(s) of any package used by a user. Each of its direct sub directories is a folder representing a given installed package, that itself contains :
The \textbf{install} folder contains installed binary version(s) of any package used by a user. Each of its direct sub directories is a folder representing a given installed package, that itself contains :
\begin{itemize}
\item as many folders as there are concurrent binary versions of the package installed. The name of the version folder reflects the installed package version it contains (e.g. : 1.3.5 ; 1.2.0, etc.). Version folder can be also local (correspond to an install from a source package currently developed in the workspace), in such a case they name is of the form : own-0.2.5, own-1.0.0, etc.)
\item as many folders as there are concurrent binary versions of the package installed. The name of the version folder reflects the installed package version it contains (e.g. : 1.3.5 ; 1.2.0, etc.). Version folder can be also local (correspond to an install from a source package currently developed in the workspace), in such a case their name is of the form : own-0.2.5, own-


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Completions of rings and modules August 25, 2009
Posted by Akhil Mathew in algebra, commutative algebra.
Tags: , , , ,
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So, we saw in the previous post that completion can be defined generally for abelian groups. Now, to specialize to rings and modules.
 Rings
 The case in which we are primarily interested comes from a ring {A} with a descending filtration (satisfying {A_0 =A}), which implies the {A_i} are ideals; as we saw, the completion will also be a ring. Most often, there will be an ideal {I} such that {A_i = I^i}, i.e. the filtration is {I}-adic. We have a completion functor from filtered rings to rings, sending {A \rightarrow \hat{A}}. Given a filtered {A}-module {M}, there is a completion {\hat{M}}, which is also a {\hat{A}}-module; this gives a functor from filtered {A}-modules to {\hat{A}}-modules.
We'll also primarily restrict attention to the case when {A} is Noetherian and {M} finitely generated. The following is thus useful:
Theorem 1 If {A} is Noetherian and {I} an ideal, then the {I}-adic completion {\hat{A}} is too.
 As I mentioned above, the trick is to use the above result to get a filtration {\hat{I}^i \subset \hat{A}}, with (by the end of Sunday's post)
\displaystyle \mathrm{gr} \ \hat{A} = A/I \oplus I/I^2 \oplus \dots = \mathrm{gr} \ A.
But {\mathrm{gr} \ A} is an {A}-algebra, and if {a_1, \dots, a_n \in I} generate {I} as an ideal, then {\mathrm{gr} \ A} is generated as an {A}-algebra by {\overline{a_1}, \dots, \overline{a_n} \in I/I^2}, so {\mathrm{gr} \ A = \mathrm{gr} \ \hat{A}} is Noetherian.
Given {x \in \hat{A}}, we can consider the initial form {i(x) \in \mathrm{gr} \ A} defined as follows: if {x} is such that {x \in \hat{I}^n, x \notin \hat{I}^{n+1}}, then {i(x)} is the image of {x } in {\hat{I}^n/\hat{I}^{n+1} = I^n/I^{n+1}} in the {n}-th part of the direct sum defining {\mathrm{gr} \ A}. Note that {i(x)} is well-defined except when {x=0}, since {\bigcap \hat{I}^n = 0} since a complete ring is Hausdorff. Now fix an ideal {J \subset \hat{A}}. Consider the ideal {Q \subset \mathrm{gr} \ A} generated by {i(J)}; {\mathrm{gr} \ A} being Noetherian, we can find a finite number of generators {i(x_1), i(x_2), \dots, i(x_v)} for {x_1, \dots, x_v \in J}.
Set {M := \max_k \deg i(x_k)}. I now claim that {J = (x_1, \dots, x_v)}, which will prove the theorem.
This in turn will follow from
Claim 1
If {y \in J \cap \hat{I}^n}, we can find {c_1, \dots, c_v \in \hat{I}^{n-M}} with
\displaystyle y - \sum c_k x_k \in I^{n+1} \cap J.\ \ \ \ \ (1)

 Wlog, {y \notin \hat{I}^{n+1}} so {i(y)} is homogeneous of degree {n}. Now {i(y) \in Q}, which means we can find {a_k \in \mathrm{gr} \ \hat{A}, 1 \leq k \leq v}, with
\displaystyle i(y) = \sum_k a_k i(x_k) \in \mathrm{gr} \ \hat{A}.
By taking homogeneous parts, assume that the {a_k} are homogeneous of degree {n - \deg i(x_k)}, so lift each {a_k} to {c_k \in \hat{I}^{n-M}}. Then {i(c_k) = a_k}, so
\displaystyle i(y) = \sum_k i( c_k x_k) \in \mathrm{gr} \ \hat{A},
which implies (1).
Now, to prove {J=(x_1, \dots, x_v)}, proceed as follows. If {y \in J}, find {d_k^{(1)} \in \hat{A}, 1 \leq k \leq v}, with {y - \sum d_k^{(1)} x_k \in J \cap I}; then find {d_k^{(2)} \in J \cap \hat{I}^{1 - M}} with
\displaystyle y - \sum d_k^{(1)} x_k - \sum d_k^{(2)} x_k \in J \cap \hat{I}^2.
Repeat this to get {d_k^{(m)} \in \hat{I}^{m-M}}, and note that {\sum_m d_k^{(m)}} converges for each {k}. This proves {y \in (x_1, \dots, x_v)}.
The previous proof highlighted an important technique which we will use often: successive approximation. But first, here is a corollary.
Corollary 2 If {A} is Noetherian, the power series ring {A[[X_1, \dots, X_n]]} is Noetherian.
Indeed, Hilbert's basis theorem implies the polynomial ring {B := A[X_1, \dots, X_n]} is Noetherian; now, as is easily checked, the power series ring is the completion of {B} with respect to the ideal {(X_1, \dots, X_n)}. So the previous result implies the theorem.
Incidentally, Zariski-Samuels prove this corollary by imitating the proof of Hilbert's basis theorem itself; using completions is more general though. Even so, there is a useful structure theorem stating that in many cases, complete rings are actually of this form.
In view of the somewhat technical proof above, the question arises: Why does this all matter? Well, one of the most important examples is the {p}-adic integers {\mathbb{Z}_p}, defined as the completion of {\mathbb{Z}} with respect to the {p}-adic (i.e. {(p)}-adic) topology, for {p} prime. The {p}-adic integers and their quotient field, the {p}-adic numbers are important in number theory, as I hope to eventually discuss (when I get to class field theory). One of their important properties, shared generally by completions, is Hensel's lemma: using a similar successive approximation technique, we can lift "approximate" solutions of equations to exact ones in a complete ring. Thus, it becomes much easier to check whether a polynomial has a root in a complete ring. And since "local-global" results such as the Hasse-Minkowski theorem imply that properties over {\mathbb{Q}} can be studied by the completions, these become very useful indeed.
Modules
Let {A} be a commutative ring and {I} an ideal. If {M} is an {A}-module, we can consider the {I}-adic completion {\hat{M} := \varprojlim M/I^n M.} If {A} is Noetherian, then {I}-adic completion is actually an exact functor on the category of finitely generated {A}-modules.
Theorem 3 If {A} is a Noetherian ring and {0 \rightarrow M' \rightarrow


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Desert of Maine – The Desert of Maine: A Journey Through the Sands of Time
September 8, 2020 @ 10:00 am
A ten-week homeschool course at the Desert of Maine will take students ages 9-14 on an in-depth, integrated journey through the history, geology, and ecology of this special place. The class will meet Tuesdays at the Desert of Maine in Freeport (95 Desert Road) starting September 8 – October 27th from 10 am – 12 pm.
For the first five weeks of this course, we will literally get our hands dirty digging into the history of the Desert of Maine. We will begin with the obvious question: why is there a large expanse of open sand in the middle of a New England forest? We will seek the answer to this question using real-world observations as we explore how aspects of geology, biology and agriculture came together in just the right way to create what is essentially a small dust bowl. We will learn about the Tuttles who farmed here in the 1800s—examining their methods, their cultural assumptions about the land, and some of the difficulties they faced as their fields became unfarmable. From here we will dive deep into time, looking at the geological processes that have changed Maine's coast over the last 30,000 years. This exploration of ice, ocean, and wind will provide the framework for understanding how the Desert formed and what makes this landscape so unique.
Once we have gained an understanding of what happened here, the class will turn its eyes to the future, developing hypotheses about what lies ahead for the Desert of Maine. We will conduct "forensic" analyses in the surrounding forest to think about how certain ecosystems have changed over the last hundred years; and we will look closely at the reforestation taking place on the boundaries of the dune field, paying particular attention to the tug-of-war between the forest and the sand. Of course, we humans play an active role in the future of the land that sustains us; so with that in mind, we will discuss a range of diverse cultural and philosophical ideas about the relationship between the people and the natural environment. Given this focus, we hope to have a Wabanaki speaker share their perspective.
The final three weeks will be project-based, with students synthesizing and presenting what they have learned about the Desert of Maine. Alternatively, they can use that information as the foundation for exploring specific topics in greater detail, or as the springboard to more open-ended questions. Some questions that might be interesting: what meaning can we draw from the story of this landscape? How do different ways of knowing (e.g., scientific observation; deep listening; storytelling; map making; drawing) form your understanding of the Desert of Maine? How can we best care for the land that supports us? Do environmental restoration and cultural healing go hand in hand? How will you help others understand the importance and fragility of Maine's coastal landscapes?
To enroll in the course and learn more about course fees, times, dates and location, please email _EMAIL_.
Desert of Maine
95 Desert Rd.
Freeport, ME 04032
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text:
For all Permastik Mounting Tapes, the ideal application temperature is 10-36°C. For applications below 10°C heat the surface with a hair dryer and apply tape to surface while the temperature is still above 10°C.
Permastik Indoor Mounting Tape: works on most indoor surfaces that are dry, clean and smooth. Permastik Outdoor Mounting Tape: works on many surfaces including metal, glass, finished and painted wood, vinyl and plastic. None of the mounting tapes are recommended for use on wallpaper or delicate surfaces.
Please note certain surfaces will require priming or sealing such as porus surfaces, e.g.. plaster, concrete and also absorbent surfaces such as untreated timber and fabrics. Metals with oxidised surfaces such as aluminium, copper and brass may need priming or abrading. Low energy surfaces such as non-stick paints or polypropylene plastics containing aggressive plasticisers may also need treatment.
Mounting Tape is intended to be permanent, and removal may damage surfaces.
If you do wish to remove mounting tape we recommend using dental floss to gently cut through the foam substrate and remove the object from the surface. Stretch or peel off the remaining adhesive, use an adhesive solvent for best results.
Permastik Outdoor Mounting and Clear Mounting Tapes have UV-resistant adhesives so they hold up under UV exposure. These tapes are also waterproof as long at they are applied to a clean dry surface.
Due to safety concerns, it is not recommended to exceed the weight limits for Permastik Mounting Tapes.
Permastik Mounting Tapes come in a variety of thicknesses between 1-3mm.
For all Permastik Removable Hooks, the ideal application temperature is 10-40°C. For applications below 10°C heat the surface with a hair dryer and apply to surface while the temperature is still above 10°C.
Paint should be fully cured (check paint can for manufacturer's cure time) before using any Permastik Product. We recommend waiting a week before use on fresh paint. Also, isopropyl alcohol may remove or dull the surface of fresh paint.
No. Most wallpapers are too delicate and can tear when adhesives are applied.
Use dental floss to gently cut through the adhesive substrate and remove the object from the surface. Stretch or peel off the remaining adhesive, use an adhesive solvent to best results.
The one-hour wait ensures that the adhesive has had enough time to build strong adhesion to the wall or surface.
Due to safety concerns, it is not recommended to exceed the weight limits for Permastik Removable Hooks.
Permastik picture strips are designed only to be used in 4 pairs, we cannot guarantee the effectiveness of the product if more or less than 4 pairs are used.
Many household and window cleaners leave behind a very thin layer of residue that affects how strongly the adhesive will bond to the surface.
Permanent dots contain a stronger adhesive to the Removable dots. Permanent dots are best to use when a stronger fix is required such as scrapbooking etc whereas Removable dots are best to use when a temporary fix is required such as posters.


text: Wood is a natural, organic material that cannot be exposed to high temperatures, fire, or heat, especially when wood or wood-based materials are used as construction elements. The fire-extinguishing composition of di-ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium bromide (DAB) was used to increase the fire-resistance of birch plywood. The effects of various parameters of diffusive impregnation of the veneer (temperature and concentration of impregnating solution, duration of impregnation) were investigated. Their dependence was linear for the temperature of impregnating solution, and logarithmic for concentration of impregnating solution and duration of impregnation. Increased retention of fire retardant improved plywood fire resistance. However, considering the quality of impregnation, energy costs, and plywood properties, the following parameters of wet veneer impregnation are recommended: a temperature of impregnating solution of 22 °C, concentration of 30%, and duration of impregnation of 8 min.


text:
Harvested fruit 'still responds'
Picked fruits and vegetables continue to respond to light as if they were still growing, scientists have shown.
The discovery has implications for grocery storage and its effect on the health benefits of plant foods.
Lead researcher Professor Janet Braam, from Rice University in Texas, US, said: "Vegetables and fruits, even after harvest, can respond to light signals and consequently change their biology in ways that may affect health value and insect resistance.
"Perhaps we should be storing our vegetables and fruits under light-dark cycles and timing when to cook and eat them to enhance their health value."
Plants respond to changing light conditions by altering levels of chemicals that protect them against insects.
Some of these phytochemicals, evolved to make plants distasteful to herbivores, are believed to have anti-cancer properties.
Prof Braam's team found that even after being harvested, vegetables and fruits remained sensitive to light and kept their biological clocks ticking.
The researchers, whose findings are published in the journal Current Biology, first made the discovery in cabbages.
They then went on to show similar responses in lettuce, spinach, courgettes, sweet potatoes, carrots and blueberries.
Picked items subjected to light and dark at the right times suffered less damage when exposed to caterpillars of a plant-eating moth.
"It may be of interest to harvest crops and freeze or otherwise preserve them at specific times of day, when nutrients and valuable phytochemicals are at their peak," Prof Braam said.
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text:
Besides the Himalayan salt lamp, Grey salt lamp and other types of lamps, people will love the way Persian Salt Lamp produces the pretty illumination and negative ions. Persia has been long known as a majestic place where high civilization was recorded in the history books. The beauty of Persia and the priceless craftsmanship of the country have been widely praised. Persian is now called Iranian. Despite the recent national conflicts and many other domestic problems, Iran keeps captivating as a beautiful country with superb natural richness.
In addition to the rugs and traditional fabric, Persian Salt Lamp receives massive attention from the world. The Persian true blue rock sea salt is a rare commodity in the world. It is one of the rarest salt with many beneficial efficacies. In addition, Persian salt is one of the oldest salts for various uses.
Table of Contents
What is Persian Salt Lamp? Where do Persian Blue Salt Lamps come from?
The salt is mined in the Garmsar City, Semnan Province, Iran. Semnan province has long been known as one of the main sources of Iran's salt. According to the IRNA, there are 27 salt mines in Garmsar with purity rate of over 98%. One of them is Kouhdasht-e Kohan Salt Mine. That makes the salt even more exotic. The color of Persian salt is purple, blue or greyish blue. That is the result of the light refraction on the crystal salt. That creates a signature of the Persian salt. The color is the effect of extreme pressure in the creation of the salt millions of years ago. The salt contains a large amount of potassium chloride.
The origin of the Persian salt is that clean and pure. Therefore, the world says that Persian salt is the cleanest in the world. The salt comes from the oceans that are dried up approximately 200 million years ago. Thus, the salt does not contain any contamination which will be a healthy Persian Salt Rock Lamp.
Basically, Persian salt is used for foods. The delicious flavor of Persian salt is excellent for fish, meats, and even vegetables. However, the salt chunk has been widely crafted as a salt lamp. The original product of Persian salt lamp will be shipped directly from Semnan Salt mines.
Though the salt lamp is highly praised for the prettiness, there are still some controversies on the lamp. One of the controversies is the origin of the salt chunk. Salt was discovered for the first time between two meteorites fallen positions. The ancient salt was unique with the purple and blue color. With some scientific tests, the salt was dated to 4.56 billion years ago.
That blue color triggers a controversy. Some people state some similarities between the blue Persian salt rock with the salt image taken by NASA. Some theory believes that billions of years ago, a large salt rock flew from the space and landed in Iran. That makes it possible that the Persian salt is formed with the terrestrial materials. However, it still requires further scientific tests.
Persian Salt Lamp Benefits
Of so many interior decors, Salt lamps are recommended for multiple benefits that they offer. We can get the same advantages in Persian salt crystal lamp. Here is the summary of Persian blue salt lamp benefits for our homes and health.
- The negative ion produced by the lamp can purify the air.
- It is easy to get relaxed with the lamp in the room.
- The warm and calming illumination can help people to reduce stresses.
- The component can neutralize electromagnetic radiation.
- The lamp is proven to be effective to cure fatigue.
- Persian salt lamp can help to treat asthma and bronchitis.
- Those who suffer from allergies can use the salt lamp to reduce the symptoms.
- It increases the energy level so people can live more energetic.
- It promotes better sleep.
- The lamp is also believed as a mood booster.
Learn more about Polish Salt Lamp from Poland
Besides those benefits, we can use the lamps as part of therapy. Research checked whether the Persian salt lamp is beneficial to give a great atmosphere for reducing the symptoms of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, research came to some conclusions about the claim. The first conclusion says that there is no study that examines intensely the relations between salt lamps and ADHD patients. Besides, the ions produced by the salt lamps are never used in a clinical device. The salt lamps are beneficial in reducing the symptoms of depressions. Yet, the condition of ADHD is different from a common depression. The Chadd.org concludes that the Persian salt lamp might be beneficial and pleasant but not so helpful as a real ADHD cure and cannot be suggested as a complementary intervention.
What are the Differences Between a Persian Salt Lamp Versus a Himalayan Salt Lamp?
Those two different lamps are originally from two different areas. The cultures of the original places are different as well. So, it is not that hard to find the different features of those two lamps.
It is one of the most noticeable features of the Himalayan salt lamp and Persian salt lamp. The Himalayan salt lamps have light pink, grey, pink to orange hue. Meanwhile, the Persian salt crystal lamp looks a little more dramatic with the purple, fuchsia, magenta to blue colors.
The colors will be a guide for those who are searching for the perfect salt lamps for specific needs. For instance, Himalayan salt lamps are good picks for those who are searching for calmness, creativity, and energy flow. Whereas red-purple and blue lamps of Persian salt will be a great choice for health, confidence, mood, and wealthiness. The different colors on both salt lamps are caused by the minerals and natural conditions such as pressure with which the salt was produced in nature.
Geographically, Iran has abundant salt mines. Yet, the salt can be mined in only small areas in the limited amount as well. Himalayan salt is easier to mine because of the location. Therefore, the Persian salt lamp is rarer compared to the Himalayan lamps. This means that the Persian salt lamp is more expensive than a Himalayan salt lamp. However, the quality is equal.
When we talk about the minerals of salt, we will find that the majority of the mineral will be sodium chloride / NaCl. However, there are other advantageous minerals inside the salt. In Himalayan salt lamps, we can get the benefits of magnesium, potassium, and zinc. Similarly, in Persian salt lamp, we can find a high amount of Sylvinite, a potassium mineral.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Drone to probe Sellafield silos
'Hexacopter' being developed to map the inside of radioactive silos as part of the decommissioning and cleaning process
 - theguardian.com,
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A view of the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing site
A small 'hexacopter' drone is being developed for use at some of the oldest radioactive silos at the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing site. Photograph: David Moir/Reuters
A small drone is being developed for use at some of the oldest radioactive silos at the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing site because scientists are not sure what is inside them, the Guardian can reveal.
The hope is that an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) could use laser profiling to map the inside of the chambers and make work easier for experts who are trying to make them safe as part of a decommissioning and cleaning process.
The company responsible for Sellafield asked the University of Warwick to develop a UAV for the task and is funding the programme.
"We were told not to expect it to come back out," said Richard Seager, the university's business development manager.
There are more than 1,000 installations at Sellafield, a 6 sq km site in Cumbria that has been the hub of the UK's nuclear industry for decades.
A multibillion-pound clean-up operation is under way at the plant where a number of old ponds and silos, many dating back to the 1950s and 60s, have been causing greatest concern.
Some of the ponds contain highly radioactive waste that has been stored in water. Cladding and fuel rods were often thrown into the ponds and the sludge that remains is toxic.
"Sellafield doesn't have a huge amount of confidence about what they have inside some of these buildings," said Seager. "They want to send some kind of craft into these places to do a detailed survey and they approached us to develop a UAV."
The university has built a "hexacopter", which has six separate rotary engines. It is also equipped with lidar (light detection and ranging), remote-sensing technology that uses lasers to create detailed three-dimensional images which can be viewed from any angle.
"The hexacopter can scan the interior surface. It is can be autonomous and it will fly for about 20 minutes," said Seager.
"The craft was designed for the mapping of the interiors of buildings. Its USP is mapping inside buildings that may have been contaminated, or are difficult to access by other means. The model has potential military spin-offs. In Afghanistan, you could send it into an building and do a survey so you'd know who and what was inside."
The government committed £73bn to clean up Britain's nuclear sites and most of this has gone to Sellafield, which includes the nuclear facilities previously known as Windscale and Calder Hall. The area was first used for the production of plutonium for atomic weapons after the second world war, and the UK's first full-scale nuclear power station opened close by in 1956.
Buildings that have been cause for anxiety include one named B30, which was once described by a Sellafield executive as "the most hazardous industrial building in western Europe."
Sellafield Ltd, the company responsible for waste management on the site, admitted it was looking at using a UAV and blamed "poor record-keeping during the 1950s" for the fact the contents of some buildings remained a mystery.
Last week scientists at Sellafield were given a demonstration of the hexacopter and suggested some modifications. However, the company refused to go into details about the work.
In a statement, it said: "Sellafield Ltd has sponsored the development work at Warwick University of a hexacopter, because we are interested in the potential for the technology to be used as part of our decommissioning mission.
"No decision has yet been taken as to how useful the hexacopter could potentially be and we are some way from making a decision on whether this could or would be deployed at Sellafield Ltd. Our research and development team within the technical directorate often funds work by academics and scientists that it thinks has the potential to be of use to us in the future. Often ideas and projects go no further than the development stage."
Drones are now being considered for use in a number of civilian and military fields. The US military research agency, Darpa, has commissioned a hummingbird-size drone, equipped with a camera, from the firm AER.
A Dutch firm, Green X, builds drones that fly by flapping wings and are disguised as falcons or hawks. They have been used to patrol at low levels around Schiphol Airport to scare away geese, preventing planes sucking birds into their engines on take-off or landing. Green X is now working on multiple drones to simulate and redirect bird flocks.
Drone research is even using sophisticated biotechnology. Darpa has implanted gold-plated electrodes into the pupae of tobacco hawkmoths with the intention of learning how to control animals remotely.
There is also interest in such work in the UK. The Ministry of Defence's Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL), which works out of Porton Down in Wiltshire and at other locations, this summer produced a briefing on current research "to stimulate new lines of thought". The review references a US patent on an 'animal sensor network". The US study, it said, aimed to develop a "method for the remote guidance and training of free-roaming animal sensor networks".
It continued: "Electrodes implanted into the nervous systems of animals are used to provide clues and rewards by stimulating specific regions of the the brain to induce desired behaviours such as the direction and speed of movement. Each animal carries a backpack containing wireless networking equipment, sensors, and data storage and processing equipment." Animals, it suggests, could be trained in odour detection.
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Security and Comfort- Aluminum Handrail Profiles Explained
In the realm of home security and comfort, aluminum handrail profiles play a vital role. They provide both a physical barrier for safety and an ergonomic support for ease of movement. This article delves into the intricate details of aluminum handrail profiles, exploring their significance and versatility in residential and commercial settings.
Enhanced Security
Aluminum handrail profiles serve as a robust deterrent against intruders and unauthorized access. They are manufactured from durable aluminum alloys, renowned for their strength and resistance to bending or breaking. By creating a physical barrier along stairways, balconies, and other elevated surfaces, these handrails impede potential intruders and provide a sense of security for occupants.
Moreover, the smooth surface and lack of gaps in aluminum handrails make it difficult for intruders to gain a foothold or use them as climbing aids. This added layer of protection enhances the overall safety of a building and its inhabitants.
Improved Comfort and Accessibility
Beyond security, aluminum handrail profiles are meticulously designed to provide optimal comfort and accessibility for users. They are ergonomically shaped to fit comfortably in the hand, reducing fatigue and enhancing grip. The smooth, non-porous surface provides a comfortable tactile experience, ensuring a secure grip even in damp conditions.
The continuous length of aluminum handrails allows for uninterrupted support along stairways and railings. This seamless support promotes stability and reduces the risk of slips or falls, especially for elderly individuals or those with limited mobility. The versatility of aluminum profiles enables them to be customized in height and shape to accommodate the specific needs of users, further enhancing comfort and accessibility.
Corrosion Resistance and Longevity
Aluminum handrail profiles are inherently resistant to corrosion, making them an excellent choice for both indoor and outdoor applications. Unlike steel or iron handrails, aluminum does not rust or degrade in harsh weather conditions, ensuring their longevity and aesthetic appeal. The protective oxide layer that forms on aluminum's surface acts as a natural barrier against environmental factors such as rain, snow, and UV radiation.
This exceptional durability translates into minimal maintenance and a prolonged lifespan. Aluminum handrail profiles retain their structural integrity and visual appeal for years, eliminating the need for frequent repairs or replacements. This cost-effective and long-lasting solution provides lasting security and comfort in any environment.
Fire Safety
Aluminum handrail profiles contribute to the overall fire safety of a building. Aluminum is a non-combustible material, meaning it will not ignite or contribute to the spread of fire. In the event of a fire, aluminum handrails maintain their structural integrity, providing safe escape routes for occupants.
Furthermore, aluminum handrails do not produce toxic fumes or smoke when exposed to high temperatures. This is particularly crucial in enclosed spaces such as stairwells, where smoke inhalation can be a life-threatening hazard. The non-toxic nature of aluminum handrails ensures the safe evacuation of occupants and minimizes the risk of suffocation or injury.
Aesthetic Appeal and Customization
Aluminum handrail profiles are not only functional but also aesthetically pleasing. The sleek and modern appearance of aluminum complements a wide range of architectural styles, from contemporary to traditional. The versatility of aluminum allows for customization in terms of shape, finish, and color.
Customizable handrail profiles enable architects and designers to incorporate unique and eye-catching elements into their designs. The ability to match or contrast handrails with existing decor or architectural features adds to the overall visual appeal and creates a cohesive interior or exterior space.
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text: Recent developments in space technology have led to a renewed interest in the possibility of maintaining space colonies, or at least manned bases in space, in which groups of people can function during multi-year missions. Some of the design studies have in fact dared to consider the possibility of permanent settlements, or habitats, being initiated in the present century (1). Consideration of life support systems becomes imperative in planning such ventures. One of the essentials of life support is, of course, food. The present paper is devoted to the discussion of research which will be necessary in order to plan the food technology required for space habitats.


Lucent360™ Case Study:
Multiple LED Intensity / Catalyst Screening in a Single Experiment
The Lucent360™ LED modules and vial holders/reactors are interchangeable allowing the user to design the perfect experiment to fit their needs. With variable wavelength, light intensities vial arrangements and temperature control, the flexibility available to design a custom optimization are seemingly endless. The Lucent360™ allows you to quickly investigate the reactions parameters necessary to scale up a reaction at small scale with production using the same instrument.
A demonstration of the flexibility afforded by the Lucent360™ is shown by the following reaction light intensity and catalyst screen for the iridium catalyzed C-C bond formation (see Figure 1).
Figure 1:
Using the Lucent 360™ multi-light screener (HCK1021-01-010) capable of screening 16 reactions at 4 different wavelengths and light intensities, the following reaction screen was performed at 450 nm. Four iridium catalyst concentrations (1 mol %, 0.5 mol %, 0.1 mol %, 0.01 mol %.) were performed with four different light intensities on the Lucent360™. Based on the actinometry experiments performed in 2 ml reactions, each setting corresponds to running the reactions at 0.25 W, 0.54 W, 1.05 W and 1.2 W effective power. These effective powers correspond to photon flux ranging from 9.5×10-7 to 4.5×10-6 Einstein/s (moles photons/second).
Effective Power/
Reaction (W)
(+/-) Photon Flux (Einstein/s)
Quadrant 1 1.21 8.4% 4.54E-06
Quadrant 2 1.05 8.3% 3.94E-06
Quadrant 3 0.54 6.0% 2.03E-06
Quadrant 4 0.25 4.1% 9.50E-07
The multi-light intensity/catalyst screen was performed according to the following protocol (Table 1):
To each 4 ml vial equipped with a Teflon septa and stir bar was added a solution containing 1.1 mg Ni-glyme (5 mol %, 5 µmol) and 1.3 mg dtbbpy (5 mol %, 5 µmol) in methanol and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure (16 vials). To the resulting vial was weighed 48.9 mg Cs2CO3 (1.5 equiv., 150 µmol under inert atmosphere and capped. To this vial was added a 1 ml sparged solution in DMSO containing 19.9 mg bromoacetophenone (100 µmol), 35.6 mg Boc-Val-OH (1.5 equiv., 150 µmol) and 7.7 mg biphenyl (0.5 equiv., 50 µmol) as an internal standard. Ir(dF-CF3-ppy)2(dtbbpy) was added as a solution in DMSO to afford 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 or 1 mol % catalyst. Additional DMSO was added to each reaction to bring total reaction volume to 2.0 mL DMSO. Reaction was performed at 30 °C in the Lucent360™ with 450 nm LED. Analytical samples were taken from each vial at 5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes for analysis by LC-MS (10 µL dilution to 1 mL in DMSO).
Table 1: Experimental Details (for standard conditions)
Reagent Equivalent Amount (µmol) 0.05 M
bromoacetophenone 1 100 19.9 mg
boc-Val-OH 1.5 150 32.6 mg
Ir(dF-CF3-ppy)2(dtbbpy) 0.01 1 1.1 mg
Ni-glyme 0.05 5 1.1 mg
dtbbpyp 0.05 5 1.3 mg
Cs2CO3 1.5 150 48.9 mg
Biphenyl 0.5 50 7.7 mg
solvent DMSO 0.05M 0.002 L
Monitoring the reaction screen for 1 hr demonstrated clear trends in the product formation in relation to the catalyst concentration and light intensity (Table 2). Each reaction with 1 mol % Ir catalyst resulted in similar conversions (62-65%) at 60 minutes independent of the power setting. With 0.5 mol % catalyst 0.54 W or higher was sufficient to achieve a similar conversion. Lower catalyst loadings were detrimental to the conversion regardless of power setting.
Conversion at 60 minutes
Power (%)
Ir cat
0.25 W 0.54 W 1.05 W 1.21 W
1 62.0 63.5 65.6 65.2
0.5 47.8 65.1 67.7 65.8
0.1 15.7 33.7 45.2 47.7
0.01 1.0 0.2 2.6 2.6
While final conversion is similar for the seven conditions highlighted in green in Table 2, significant differences were observed in the initial rates and time to reaction completion (Figure 3). Both reactions at 1.0 W and 1.2 W are completed by 30 minutes with minimal additional product formation while the two lower power settings take the full 60 minutes for completion.
Figure 3: Plot of time course for 1 mol % at 0.25 W, 0.54 W, 1.05 W and 1.21 W
Based on the results, the reaction can be performed with 0.5 mol % photocatalyst and 0.54W to achieve similar conversions to higher catalyst loading and light intensity (Figure 4) albeit with a slower reaction.
Figure 4: Plot of time course for 0.54 W setting with 4 catalyst concentrations
Monitoring the initial rate of the reaction at 5 minutes, we can begin to see clearly the significant effect of the light intensity on the reaction. Increasing the initial rate of the reaction is a key parameter in determining the appropriate conditions to scale up a photochemical reaction. What does this all mean for this C-C bond formation reaction? We're not sure yet, but we know that without the easy setup of the Lucent360™ and the ability to monitor multiple light intensities at the same time, it would have taken us significantly longer to get all this data. Maybe for our next experiment using this reaction, we could look at 4 different concentrations of the nickel co-catalyst at each light intensity in comparison to the 0.5 mol % iridium catalyst, or screen or add additional wavelengths (365 nm, 380 nm, 405 nm or change the concentration of the substrates. Whatever we decide, we know that it will be easy to perform with the Lucent360™.
Figure 5:
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In this example we will look at how to use DynamoDB in our serverless app using Serverless Stack (SST). We'll be creating a simple hit counter.
Create an SST app
Let's start by creating an SST app.
$ npx create-serverless-stack@latest rest-api-dynamodb
$ cd rest-api-dynamodb
By default our app will be deployed to an environment (or stage) called dev and the us-east-1 AWS region. This can be changed in the sst.json in your project root.
 "name": "rest-api-dynamodb",
 "stage": "dev",
 "region": "us-east-1"
Project layout
An SST app is made up of two parts.
 1. lib/ — App Infrastructure
 The code that describes the infrastructure of your serverless app is placed in the lib/ directory of your project. SST uses AWS CDK, to create the infrastructure.
 2. src/ — App Code
 The code that's run when your API is invoked is placed in the src/ directory of your project.
Adding DynamoDB
Amazon DynamoDB is a reliable and highly-performant NoSQL database that can be configured as a true serverless database. Meaning that it'll scale up and down automatically. And you won't get charged if you are not using it.
Replace the lib/MyStack.js with the following.
import * as sst from "_USER_-stack/resources";
export default class MyStack extends sst.Stack {
 constructor(scope, id, props) {
 super(scope, id, props);
 // Create the table
 const table = new sst.Table(this, "Counter", {
 fields: {
 counter: sst.TableFieldType.STRING,
 primaryIndex: { partitionKey: "counter" },
This creates a serverless DynamoDB table using sst.Table. It has a primary key called counter. Our table is going to look something like this:
counter tally
hits 123
Setting up the API
Now let's add the API.
Add this below the sst.Table definition in lib/MyStack.js.
// Create the HTTP API
const api = new sst.Api(this, "Api", {
 defaultFunctionProps: {
 // Pass in the table name to our API
 environment: {
 tableName: table.dynamodbTable.tableName,
 routes: {
 "POST /": "src/lambda.main",
// Allow the API to access the table
// Show the API endpoint in the output
 ApiEndpoint: api.url,
Our API simply has one endpoint (the root). When we make a POST request to this endpoint the Lambda function called main in src/lambda.js will get invoked.
We also pass in the name of our DynamoDB table to our API as an environment variable called tableName. And we allow our API to access (read and write) the table instance we just created.
Reading from our table
Now in our function, we'll start by reading from our DynamoDB table.
Replace src/lambda.js with the following.
import AWS from "aws-sdk";
const dynamoDb = new AWS.DynamoDB.DocumentClient();
export async function main() {
 const getParams = {
 // Get the table name from the environment variable
 TableName: process.env.tableName,
 // Get the row where the counter is called "hits"
 Key: {
 counter: "hits",
 const results = await dynamoDb.get(getParams).promise();
 // If there is a row, then get the value of the
 // column called "tally"
 let count = results.Item? results.Item.tally : 0;
 return {
 statusCode: 200,
 body: count,
We make a get call to our DynamoDB table and get the value of a row where the counter column has the value hits. Since, we haven't written to this column yet, we are going to just return 0.
Let's install the aws-sdk.
$ npm install aws-sdk
And let's test what we have so far.
Starting your dev environment
SST features a Live Lambda Development environment that allows you to work on your serverless apps live.
$ npx sst start
The first time you run this command it'll take a couple of minutes to deploy your app and a debug stack to power the Live Lambda Development environment.
 Deploying app
Preparing your SST app
Transpiling source
Linting source
Deploying stacks
dev-rest-api-dynamodb-my-stack: deploying...
 ✅ dev-rest-api-dynamodb-my-stack (no changes)
Stack dev-rest-api-dynamodb-my-stack
 Status: no changes
The ApiEndpoint is the API we just created. Let's test our endpoint. Run the following in your terminal.
$ curl -X POST
You should see a 0 printed out.
Writing to our table
Now let's update our table with the hits.
Add this above the return statement in src/lambda.js.
const putParams = {
 TableName: process.env.tableName,
 Key: {
 counter: "hits",
 // Update the "tally" column
 UpdateExpression: "SET tally = :count",
 ExpressionAttributeValues: {
 // Increase the count
 ":count": ++count,
await dynamoDb.update(putParams).promise();
Here we are updating the hits row's tally column with the increased count.
And now if you head over to your terminal and make a request to our API. You'll notice the count increase!
$ curl -X POST
Deploying to prod
To wrap things up we'll deploy our app to prod.
$ npx sst deploy --stage prod
This allows us to separate our environments, so when we are working in dev, it doesn't break the API for our users.
Cleaning up
Finally, you can remove the resources created in this example using the following commands.
$ npx sst remove
$ npx sst remove --stage prod
And that's it! We've got a completely serverless hit counter. In another example, we'll expand on this to create a CRUD API. Check out the repo below for the code we used in this example. And leave a comment if you have any questions!


The Untold Truth Of Pere Lachaise, The World's Most Visited Cemetery
If you never went through an emo phase, you might think it's weird that people like to visit cemeteries. And sure, some can be sad, uncared for, and small, but there are other cemeteries that are basically a combination art gallery and beautiful park.
Pere Lachaise in Paris might be the most stunning of them all. As the Encyclopedia Britannica notes, it's probably the most visited cemetery in the world (it's impossible to know for sure, since Pere Lachaise, like most cemeteries, doesn't actually count up the people who come there, but the superlative is generally accepted by people who know about these things.)
It's no wonder that even in a city with as many sights to see as Paris, so many are drawn to Pere Lachaise. For some, it's even a place of pilgrimage for fans of everyone from iconic rock stars to star crossed lovers to infamous writers. This is the untold truth of Père Lachaise, the world's most visited cemetery.
Creating Pere Lachaise was one of Napoleon's first acts
At the turn of the 19th century, Napoleon had wrestled control of France. He hadn't yet crowned himself emperor, but he was calling the shots, and according to City of Immortals, one of his main concerns was day-to-day living conditions for his subjects. In a place like Paris, this meant something had to be done about the conditions of the dead.
For hundreds of years, Christians in Paris (and most other places, for that matter) were buried in and around their churches. Many of these buildings had originally been on the outskirts of the city, but as the city grew, those villages became part of it, and so did those graves. With the population booming, eventually, there was a serious space issue. There wasn't room for both the living and the dead, so the dead had to go.
Napoleon issued a challenge to get some new cemeteries up and running outside of town. Four were planned, although in the end only three would be built. The only one that was completely original, according to, was Pere Lachaise. It was named after the Sun King Louis XIV's personal confessor, the Jesuit priest Father François de la Chaise, who had lived on the land from 1665 to 1709. A competition was launched to design this new type of cemetery, drastically different from the church graveyards people were used to. The winner was architect Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart, who had an audacious idea.
Pere Lachaise was the world's first "garden cemetery"
Church graveyards were usually small, crowded, and with room for little more than small or standard-sized tombstones. They were old and crumbling and definitely evoked a macabre feel. Sure, that seems fine, because they have dead people in them. But the designer Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart decided his cemetery would be the complete opposite.
According to, Brongniart's vision was for something beautiful, "in harmony with the Romantic aspirations of the epoch." The land, located on a hill, was not paved flat but allowed to stay rolling and natural. Trees and other natural vegetation stayed as well. To allow visitors to enjoy strolling through the wooded area, the graves were connected by wide paved walkways. If you ignored the tombstones everywhere, it would have been more like you were in a park than a graveyard. And that was the idea. City of Immortals notes that large sculptures unrelated to the graves were also purchased and spread about the grounds, giving it an open-air art gallery feel as well.
The design was a true revolution in death. Who wouldn't want to clean up their own city by moving the literally overflowing graveyards out of the city and get a gorgeous public space in the bargain? Within a few decades, the Victorians would combine their obsessions with death and the outdoors and build garden cemeteries of their own. It became a huge movement in both Europe and the United States, and designers looked to Pere Lachaise for their inspiration.
Pere Lachaise was originally secular, so anyone could be buried there
Another beautiful thing about Pere Lachaise Cemetery was the fact that from the beginning it was egalitarian, or at least more so than the church graveyards that had come before. To be buried in a church, you needed to be Christian, belong to that denomination, usually belong to the actual church, and be considered holy enough for their ground (people who died by suicide were excluded, for example).
But Napoleon was coming off the French Revolution, when many traditional things were being questioned, including religion. Come to Paris says Napoleon decreed, "every citizen has the right to be buried regardless of race or religion." (Except, you know, in French.) This meant the already revolutionary Pere Lachaise was about to be even more so.
Still, it wasn't the lovefest it might sound like. Religious conflicts run deep, and while non-Christians were buried in Pere Lachaise, for a long time they had their own sections, walled off from those who had followed what the majority of French people thought was the only right faith. Paris Cemeteries records a Jewish section was added in 1810, just six years after Pere Lachaise opened. It took until 1856 for a Muslim burial section to be added, but when it was, it included a mosque, which La Gazette Drouot says was the first Islamic religious building in modern France. In the 1880s, segregation in cemeteries was outlawed, and Pere Lachaise took down the dividing walls.
It took a PR stunt to make the cemetery popular
On May 21, 1804, a 5-year-old girl was the first person to be laid to rest in the brand-new Pere Lachaise Cemetery, according to Surely, she would soon be joined by thousands more. Who wouldn't want to spend their eternity among the trees on a hillside overlooking Paris?
It turned out, no one wanted that. A nondenominational cemetery? And so hilly? And it was too far outside of Paris. Why would you want to leave Paris, even in death?
This led to possibly the most morbid PR stunt in history. If people needed a reason to be buried in Pere Lachaise, the authorities would give them one. There were lots of dead people buried in other places, and some of them were famous. So they dug up notable people and moved their remains to Pere Lachaise. The Encyclopedia Britannica says this was done with "much fanfare," so everyone knew.
First Napoleon had Louise de Lorraine, queen consort of Henri III, reinterred there. But it still wasn't enough. So 1817 saw the relocation of the remains of the famous poet Jean de La Fontaine, the writer and actor Moliere, and — the biggest get of all — the tomb of Abelard and Heloise. If those names don't ring a bell, just know it's like getting the French Romeo and Juliet for your cemetery. Of course, people will want to be buried next to them. Pere Lachaise was suddenly the most desirable cemetery in France.
Pere Lachaise was the site of a massacre
In 1871, tensions were running high in France. The country had just lost a war against Prussia, and the people of Paris, always up for a bit of protest, decided they didn't like how the French government was essentially taking the loss out on them. The Encyclopedia Britannica says a group of left-wing French citizens formed the Commune of Paris, a new government reminiscent of the one that came out of the French Revolution, with goals like abolishing religion and limiting the workday to ten hours.
This revolution would not be as successful at the one 100 years before. According to Find A Grave, during the "Bloody Week" of May 21 to 28, the heavily outnumbered communards fought the French army — which had only just finished fighting the Prussians and was now used against its own citizens. But that's not where the atrocities ended.
Pere Lachaise became a battleground, but then it was all over. The Commune's rebellion failed, and many of the communards met their end in the cemetery where they made their last stand. On May 28, without even a show trial to pretend it was justice, 147 of the rebels were lined up against a wall in Pere Lachaise and shot, then dumped in a mass grave in the cemetery. Now known as the Communards' Wall, the spot became a symbol of their martyrdom, and the left-leaning political parties of France still hold demonstrations there to this day.
Pere Lachaise had the first crematorium in France
Cremation had long been controversial in the Western world. According to the Guardian, some of the Jacobins during the French Revolution tried to introduce cremation, performing the first one "of any sort" in France for a millennium in 1794. When Napoleon took over, he might have been liberal about cemetery design, but he wasn't about to legalize cremation. It wasn't until the Law of 15 in November 1887, "On the Freedom of Funerals," that cremation was technically allowed. The government was now fine with it. The Catholic church was not. Since most of France was Catholic, this meant cremation still remained unpopular.
That didn't stop Pere Lachaise from adding a monumental crematorium


Masquerade and Social Justice in Contemporary Latin American Fiction
By Helene Carol Weldt-Basson
Contemporary Latin American fiction establishes a unique connection between masquerade, frequently motivated by stigma or trauma, and social justice. Using an interdisciplinary approach that combines philosophy, history, psychology, literature, and social justice theory, this study delineates the synergistic connection between these two themes. Weldt-Basson examines fourteen novels by twelve different Latin American authors: Mario Vargas Llosa, Sergio Galindo, Augusto Roa Bastos, Fernando del Paso, Mayra Santos-Febres, Isabel Allende, Carmen Boullosa, Antonio Benítez-Rojo, Marcela Serrano, Sara Sefchovich, Luisa Valenzuela, and Ariel Dorfman. She elucidates the varieties of social justice operating in the plots of contemporary Latin American novels: distributive, postmodern/feminist, postcolonial, transitional, and historical justices. The author further examines how masquerade and disguise aid in articulating the theme of social justice, why this is important, and how it relates to Latin American history and the historical novel.
Contributor Bios
Helene Carol Weldt-Basson is currently a professor of Spanish and Latin American Literature at the University of North Dakota. She is the author of Subversive Silences: Nonverbal Expression and Implicit Narrative Strategies in the Works of Latin American Women Writers and Augusto Roa Bastos's I The Supreme: A Dialogic Perspective. She received an honorary doctorate for her work on Paraguay from the Universidad del Norte in 2012.


Animalcule
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Animalcule ('little animal', from Latin animal + the diminutive suffix -culum) is an old term for a microscopic organisms that included bacteria, protozoans, and very small animals. The word was invented by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek to refer to the microorganisms he observed in rainwater.
Some better-known types of animalcule include:
The concept seems to have been proposed at least as early as about 30 BC, as evidenced by this translation from Marcus Varro's Rerum Rusticarum Libri Tres:
Note also if there be any swampy ground, both for the reasons given above, and because certain minute animals, invisible to the eye, breed there, and, borne by the air, reach the inside of the body by way of the mouth and nose, and cause diseases which are difficult to be rid of.[1]
The term was also used during the 17th century by Henry Oldenburg, the first Secretary of the Royal Society and founding editor of Philosophical Transactions, to translate the Dutch words used by Anton van Leeuwenhoek to describe microorganisms that he discovered.[2]
In Gilbert and Sullivan's The Pirates of Penzance, the word appears in adjectival form in the 'Major-General's Song', in which Major-General Stanley sings, 'I know the scientific names of beings animalculous...' [3]
A 1795 illustration of van Leeuwenhoek's animalcules by an unknown artist.
A 1795 illustration of van Leeuwenhoek's animalcules by an unknown artist
See also[edit]
References[edit]
 1. ^ Storr-Best, Lloyd (1912). Varro on farming. M. Terenti Varronis Rerum rusticarum libri tres. London: G. Bell and Sons. p. 39.
 2. ^ Anderson, Douglas. "Animalcules". Lens on Leeuwenhoek. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
 3. ^ "I Am the Very Model of a Modern Major-General". Paragraph #2.CS1 maint: others (link)


text:
Scrambled Eggs Beef and Cheese.
You can cook Scrambled Eggs Beef and Cheese using 8 ingredients and 4 steps. Here is how you cook it.
Ingredients of Scrambled Eggs Beef and Cheese
- It's 1/2 cup of dried beef.
- Prepare 1 cup of tomatoes.
- Prepare 1/4 cup of grated cheese.
- Prepare 2 tablespoons of butter.
- Prepare of Paprika.
- It's 3 of eggs.
- It's of Black pepper.
- You need of Few grains red pepper.
Scrambled Eggs Beef and Cheese step by step
- Chop beef heat over hot water.
- Heat tomatoes add cheese butter seasoning well beaten eggs and later beef.
- Cook until eggs are creamy but not dry.
- Serve on hot buttered toast.


Viewing Unit History
The information below is relevant from 08/03/2021 to 11/07/2021
Click Here to view current information
AVAT12007 - General Aeronautical Knowledge (Commercial Pilot Licence)
General Information
Unit Synopsis
General Aeronautical Knowledge (Commercial Pilot Licence) will provide you with knowledge of small commercial aircraft power plants and systems. You will cover the aeronautical knowledge requirements of the Civil Aviation Safety Authority's Commercial Pilot Licence General Aeronautical Knowledge syllabus. Topics you will study in depth include piston engine power plants and propellers. You will learn about aircraft electrical and hydraulic systems, fuel systems, and ice and rain protection systems. You will also become familiar with flight and navigation instruments.
Details
Level Undergraduate
Unit Level 2
Credit Points 6
Student Contribution Band SCA Band 2
Fraction of Full-Time Student Load 0.125
Pre-requisites or Co-requisites
Prerequisites: AVAT11002 Basic Aeronautical Knowledge; AVAT11003 Basic Aeronautical Practice and AVAT11005 Aviation Physics.
Important note: Students enrolled in a subsequent unit who failed their pre-requisite unit, should drop the subsequent unit before the census date or within 10 working days of Fail grade notification. Students who do not drop the unit in this timeframe cannot later drop the unit without academic and financial liability. See details in the Assessment Policy and Procedure (Higher Education Coursework).
Class Timetable View Unit Timetable
Residential School No Residential School
Unit Availabilities from Term 1 - 2021
Term 1 - 2021 Profile
Bundaberg
Cairns
Online
Perth
Term 1 - 2022 Profile
Brisbane
Bundaberg
Cairns
Online
Perth
Attendance Requirements
All on-campus students are expected to attend scheduled classes – in some units, these classes are identified as a mandatory (pass/fail) component and attendance is compulsory. International students, on a student visa, must maintain a full time study load and meet both attendance and academic progress requirements in each study period (satisfactory attendance for International students is defined as maintaining at least an 80% attendance record).
Assessment Overview
Recommended Student Time Commitment
Each 6-credit Undergraduate unit at CQUniversity requires an overall time commitment of an average of 12.5 hours of study per week, making a total of 150 hours for the unit.
Assessment Tasks
Assessment Task Weighting
1. Written Assessment 20%
2. Online Quiz(zes) 20%
3. Examination 60%
This is a graded unit: your overall grade will be calculated from the marks or grades for each assessment task, based on the relative weightings shown in the table above. You must obtain an overall mark for the unit of at least 50%, or an overall grade of 'pass' in order to pass the unit. If any 'pass/fail' tasks are shown in the table above they must also be completed successfully ('pass' grade). You must also meet any minimum mark requirements specified for a particular assessment task, as detailed in the 'assessment task' section (note that in some instances, the minimum mark for a task may be greater than 50%).
Consult the University's Grades and Results Policy for more details of interim results and final grades
Past Exams
To view Past Exams, please login
Previous Feedback
No previous feedback available
Feedback, Recommendations and Responses
Every unit is reviewed for enhancement each year. At the most recent review, the following staff and student feedback items were identified and recommendations were made.
Source: Instructor observation.
Feedback
More emphasis on revision time, unit review and exam preparation.
Recommendation
A full tutorial was conducted during week 13. Many students appeared not to attend or view the tutorial. The lecturer will place more emphasis on the importance of this final tutorial.
Action Taken
This was implemented and resulted in a positive outcome.
Source: Unit Coordinator.
Feedback
The unit included 6 voluntary quizzes. Many students did not attempt the quizzes. The quizzes were designed to review and consolidate subject areas and act as exam preparation.
Recommendation
The quizzes should be made compulsory.
Action Taken
This was implemented and resulted in a positive outcome.
Source: Student feedback/instructor observation.
Feedback
Some students said they felt the unit content was too detailed, whilst others stated that they had already covered some of the material in previous units.
Recommendation
The unit was designed to review and consolidate material presented in previous units, and also extended and build upon previous learning. The lecturer should emphasis this during the first lecturer. The unit coordinator believes that a 'happy medium' between the review and presenting new material was achieved, whilst ensuring that all the learning objectives were met.
Action Taken
This was implemented and resulted in a positive outcome.
Source: Unit Coordinator.
Feedback
The unit was 'inherited' and there were some areas where the presentation material contained only sufficient detail. Also, there were many formatting inconsistencies.
Recommendation
The unit was enhanced and tidied up in a very short period of time to ensure that all learning objectives were clearly met. Although student feedback was very positive, the unit coordinator will continue to enhance the material in certain areas to 'add value' and improve appearance.
Action Taken
This was implemented and resulted in a positive outcome.
Source: Unit Coordinator.
Feedback
Enhanced learning through virtual reality.
Recommendation
The unit coordinator is currently researching/developing flight simulator and flight deck virtual reality. Initial student feedback (and staff feedback) of the virtual reality is very positive. It is believed that virtual reality will greatly enhance the student learning experience and will be included as much as possible when this unit is taught again.
Action Taken
This was not implemented due to a change in unit coordination.
Source: Student Evaluation
Feedback
Lack of Course Instructor for 4-5 weeks in the middle of the course was disruptive.
Recommendation
Uninterrupted instruction is required throughout the term.
Action Taken
Nil.
Source: UC observation
Feedback
Student engagement was low.
Recommendation
1. Ensure uninterrupted instruction throughout the term. 2. Use recorded lectures and provide more interactive tutorials/workshops. 3. Develop interactive learning resources.
Action Taken
Nil.
Unit learning Outcomes
On successful completion of this unit, you will be able to:
 1. Explain the operation and construction of aircraft piston engine power plants
 2. Describe the operation and performance characteristics of fixed and variable pitch propellers
 3. Describe the function of a typical small aircraft's mechanical system
 4. Explain the operation and function of a light aircraft undercarriage system
 5. Convert between various airspeeds such as Indicated Airspeed, Rectified Airspeed, Calibrated Airspeed, Equivalent Airspeed, and True Airspeed
 6. Explain the operation of the aircraft pressure and gyro flight instruments
 7. Discuss the basic operating principles of aeronautical radio systems.
N/A. No external accreditation.
Alignment of Assessment Tasks to Learning Outcomes
Assessment Tasks Learning Outcomes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 - Written Assessment
2 - Online Quiz(zes)
3 - Examination
Alignment of Graduate Attributes to Learning Outcomes
Introductory Level
Intermediate Level
Graduate Level
Graduate Attributes Learning Outcomes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 - Communication
2 - Problem Solving
3 - Critical Thinking
4 - Information Literacy
Alignment of Assessment Tasks to Graduate Attributes
Introductory Level
Intermediate Level
Graduate Level
Assessment Tasks Graduate Attributes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 - Written Assessment
2 - Online Quiz(zes)
3 - Examination


Can Anavar Give You Anxiety? (Paranoid & Jittery)
 - By: Dave Moffat
 - Date: December 3, 2023
Can Anavar Give You Anxiety?
Anavar, a steroid also known as Oxandrolone, is highly popular. It helps build muscles and enhances performance.
But just like any other medicine, it might cause some side effects that you should know about.
One possible side effect that some people have mentioned is feeling anxious. We often discuss physical side effects. It's crucial to consider Anavar's impact on mental health. This includes the potential for increased anxiety.
This article will try to explain this issue. We'll examine research findings on Anavar. We'll also consider user experiences with Anavar. Additionally, we'll explore expert opinions on the Anavar-anxiety link.
Can Anavar Induce Anxiety?
Anavar, also known as Oxandrolone, has been linked to anxiety in some studies and user reports. Studies show that Anavar may reduce anxiety levels in both men and women.
Using steroids like Anavar for sports can cause many side effects. Side effects include increased anxiety, according to the Gateway Foundation.
A study on PubMed found that young rats became anxious when given Oxandrolone (also known as Anavar). Anaheim Lighthouse warns that Anavar can cause severe mood swings. They also mention that it can lead to irritability, depression, paranoia, and anxiety.
But, if you look at what people are saying on TMuscle and Eroids forums, not everyone who uses Anavar feels anxious. Some even say it's a good choice for girls because it's not as strong and doesn't have as many side effects.
Does Paranoid Behavior Link to Anavar Usage?
Anavar, also called Oxandrolone, is a steroid causing mental effects. It can make people act paranoid.
Some people say there's no clear proof that Anavar specifically makes people paranoid. But it's important to remember that everyone is different and not everyone will have this side effect.
A study on a website called PubMed says that using steroids can make people act violent and paranoid. Steroids may affect the production of dopamine and serotonin in the brain. These chemicals are important.
Anaheim Lighthouse discusses the common side effects of steroid misuse. Experiencing intense anger, also called "roid rage," is a symptom. Having significant mood swings is another symptom.
The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) states that steroids can cause mood swings. Steroids can also cause manic symptoms and paranoia. These effects are more likely to occur when steroids are taken in large amounts.
Athletes who use steroids may experience significant changes in their mental state. These changes can sometimes make them more aggressive, according to the Los Angeles Times. These changes can include feelings of paranoia.
Related Post Can Anavar Cause Acne, Pimples & Spots? (All Revealed)
Can Anavar Result in Jitteriness?
There is no definite link between Anavar and jitteriness. Using anabolic steroids can lead to potential mental health concerns. It is important to be aware of this risk.
Steroids can cause hormonal changes, which may result in anxiety or nervousness.
It is possible that jitteriness may be a symptom of anxiety caused by Anavar use in some individuals. Using anabolic steroids should always be guided by a healthcare professional. This helps minimize the risk of negative side effects.
What are the Emotional Effects of Taking Anavar?
Anavar is an anabolic steroid often used by bodybuilders and athletes to increase muscle mass and performance. Using it may have physical benefits, but be aware of its potential emotional effects. These effects can vary from person to person and can range from mild to severe.
 - Mood Swings: Anavar can cause drastic shifts in mood, leading to unpredictability and instability. Users may experience periods of euphoria followed by bouts of depression.
 - Anxiety: Some users have reported increased feelings of anxiety while using Anavar. This could manifest as restlessness, nervousness, or a general feeling of unease.
 - Depression: Long-term use of Anavar has been linked to feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and other symptoms associated with depression.
 - Aggression: Known as 'Roid Rage', some Anavar users might experience heightened aggression, irritability, and short tempers.
 - Paranoia: Certain individuals may experience paranoia or overly suspicious thoughts and feelings about others' motives.
Not everyone will experience these emotional effects. Severity can vary based on factors like dosage, duration, and predisposition.
Do All Anabolic Steroids Potentially Cause Anxiety?
The potential for anabolic steroids to induce anxiety is a subject of concern in medical and fitness circles. These substances are commonly used to improve physical performance. They can cause various negative side effects, such as increased anxiety levels.
These drugs can affect the body's serotonin levels. This can cause pathological anxiety. Chronic exposure to these drugs can cause higher levels of anxiety. It can also lead to increased aggression.
Key findings suggest:
 - Anabolic steroids can increase the risk of adverse side effects, including heightened anxiety.
 - Steroid use is associated with a higher incidence of pathological anxiety.
 - Chronic exposure to anabolic steroids can elevate levels of anxiety and aggression.
 - Misusing anabolic steroids regularly can cause physical and psychological changes. It can also lead to potentially dangerous medical conditions.
 - Steroids increase irritability. Steroids increase anxiety. Steroids increase aggression. This happens when taken in high doses.
 - Almost half of steroid users believe they are addicted to them. They feel this way because they believe the drugs have good effects on their mind and body.
Related Post Anavar cycle (Oxandrolone cycle) - The Ultimate Guide
How to Manage Anxiety Triggered by Steroids?
Managing anxiety triggered by steroid use, such as Anavar, involves several strategies:
1. Gradual Reduction: If your anxiety is linked to steroid use, it's important not to stop using them abruptly. A gradual reduction under the supervision of a healthcare professional can help manage withdrawal symptoms, including anxiety.
2. Professional Support: If you're experiencing severe anxiety or other psychological symptoms due to steroid use, seek professional help. Psychiatrists and psychologists can provide essential help in managing these symptoms.
3. Healthy Lifestyle: Regular exercise can help mitigate anxiety induced by anabolic steroids. Maintaining a healthy diet can contribute to anxiety reduction. Getting enough sleep can also help reduce anxiety. Avoiding caffeine and alcohol is another way to reduce anxiety.
4. Mindfulness and Relaxation Techniques: Techniques such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, yoga, or progressive muscle relaxation can help manage anxiety symptoms.
5. Medication and Therapy: In some cases, medication may be necessary to manage severe anxiety. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can also be effective in dealing with anxiety related to steroid use.
Is it Safe to Use Steroids When Experiencing Anxiety?
Using steroids without a doctor's approval can harm mental health. Steroid usage without supervision may lead to negative mental effects. These effects may include increased anxiety. Studies show that about 28% of corticosteroid users have mild to moderate side effects. These reactions may include feelings of anxiety.
Corticosteroids make people feel scared and anxious. They also influence behavior. If you use steroids for a long time, especially in large amounts, it can lead to mental problems.
Misusing steroids can make you feel even more anxious and can even lead to drug addiction. Some individuals who use steroids claim increased power and energy. However, steroids can also induce irritability, anxiety, and aggression.
Corticosteroids can decrease GABA, a chemical for brain messages. This can cause anxiety and mood changes in people. It can also lead to feelings of depression and seizure disorders. Additionally, it can make it more difficult for them to manage chronic pain.
Dave Moffat
Hi, I'm Dave Moffat the founder and Chief Editor of steroidsourcetalk.com and certified International Personal Trainer and Certified Nutritionist. My passion has always been bodybuilding but with 15 years' experience in weight loss programs too, it's hard not to mention all that when you're working at your fitness level fullest (I hope). When Im not in the gym or spending time away from my family i often think about what advice would help others achieve theirs goals just like these inspired mine.


JavaScript: Iterable Object
By Xah Lee. Date: . Last updated: .
New in JS2015.
Purpose of Iteratable Object
What is Iterable Object
A iterable object is an object that has (own or inherited) property Symbol.iterator.
In practice, it just means you can use for-of Loop or Spread Operator or Array.from on it.
Here is what it means:
 1. Symbol is a new type of value in JS2015.
 2. The Symbol is a function object. Symbol() returns a value of type symbol.
 3. The function object Symbol has many properties.
 4. One of Symbol's property key is "iterator", and its value is a symbol. (that is, the type of Symbol.iterator is symbol.)
 5. Objects can use the value of Symbol.iterator as a property key. For example, obj_name[Symbol.iterator] = .
 6. The value of obj_name[Symbol.iterator] must be a function that returns a Iterator.
 7. Any object that has a property key of Symbol.iterator is called "iterable".
console.log(
 Symbol.hasOwnProperty("iterator"),
);
console.log(
 (typeof Symbol.iterator) === "symbol",
);
For example, array is iterable object. Because it has inherited property key Symbol.iterator.
const aa = [3, 4, 5];
// array has an inherited property key Symbol.iterator
console.log(Reflect.has(aa, Symbol.iterator));
// not its own property
console.log(
 aa.hasOwnProperty(Symbol.iterator) === false,
);
// the property Symbol.iterator of array is inherited from Array.prototype
console.log(
 Reflect.apply(
 Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,
 Array.prototype,
 [Symbol.iterator],
 ),
);
Test If Object is Iterable
Standard Iterable Objects
Standard objects that are iterables include: String, Array, Set, Map.
const is_iterable = ((x) => (Reflect.has(x, Symbol.iterator)));
console.log(
 is_iterable(String.prototype),
 is_iterable(Array.prototype),
 is_iterable(Set.prototype),
 is_iterable(Map.prototype),
);
The Iterable Interface
Technically, any object that conforms to the Iterable Interface is called Iterable. To fully understand iterable, you need to understand JavaScript Interface.
Define Your Own Iterable Object
You can easily create your own iterable object using Generator Function .
JavaScript Iterable 🌟
BUY
ΣJS
JavaScript in Depth
JavaScript in Depth
Basic Syntax
Value Types
Variable
String
Property
Object and Inheritance
Array
Function
Constructor/Class
Iterable 🌟
Misc


text:
The genus Monstera is represented in Mexico by nine species, of which five are reported for the region of Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz. During fieldwork between 2014 and 2019 in Los Tuxtlas, we discovered a previously undescribed species belonging to Sect. Marcgraviopsis and consisting of a third species from Mexico with a pendent habit. The new species Monstera guzmanjacobiae, is described taxonomically and illustrated, using color photographs of vegetative and reproductive features in living material. The behavior of flowering coincides with that observed in other species of Monstera. Both nitidulid beetles and drosophilid flies found inside the chamber may be the pollinators of M. guzmanjacobiae.
- Los Tuxtlas


text:
Vehicle tracking using ultra-wideband radar
MetadataShow full item record
In this thesis a vehicle tracking problem using an ultra-wideband radar sensor is considered. Prior research is heavily focused on specific applications, such as highway driving, where tracked-vehicle motion is confined and limited. The target application of this thesis is one of low speed but high variability in tracked-vehicle's entry and exit points. After analysis of common nonlinear estimation techniques, and with the target application in mind, the tracker is developed within a Particle Filter framework. Given the cluttered nature of the radar-sensor data, pruning and gating methods are formulated for use in the measurement update procedure. Considering the quality and separation of vehicle data points within the radar-sensor data, a simple data association step is developed that facilitates the tracking of multiple vehicles simultaneously and independently. The system is extended to a moving platform via developed mappings from the radar frame-of-reference to an inertial frame, and vice versa. An Extended Kalman Filter is developed to estimate the platform's state from limited, noisy sensor measurements. The results show that the developed system is successful in detecting and tracking single and multiple vehicles when using real-world data from the radar sensor. The Extended Kalman Filter is also shown to provide a suitable state estimate when using real-world data. Testing of the two systems jointly is advised for future research.


Gist of the law: Eliminating "non-Aryans" from these profession
Document Number: 1400-PS
Date: 30 June 1933
Reichsgesetzblatt-Page:?
Signed by: Hitler, Frick, Schwerin von Krosigk
Law Changing the Regulations in regard to Public Officers, June 30, 1933
Chapter 2
Article la
1. Only such persons may be appointed Reich officials who possess for their career the prescribed education or customary training or who have special qualifications for the office about to be given, and who guarantee that they will support the Reich at all times without reservation.
2. Women may only be appointed Reich officials for life when they have completed the 35th year.
3. Anyone of non-Aryan descent, or married to a person of non-Aryan descent, may not be appointed a Reich official. Reich officials of Aryan descent who marry a person of non-Aryan de-scent are to be discharged. The question of who is of non-Aryan descent is to be decided by regulations decreed by the Reich Minister of the Interior.
* * * * * * *
4. If urgent requirements of the administration so necessitate, the highest Reich officials may make exceptions in individual cases —exceptions from the provisions of (2) with the approval of the Reich Minister of Finance, exceptions from the provisions of (3) with the approval of the Reich Minister of the Interior.
* * * * * * *
Article 6
1. The provisions are also to be applied to the civil service regulations of the states, local communities, and of the other bodies, institutions, and foundations of public law * * *.
2. The German State Railways, the Reichsbank, the public-legal religious societies, and the confederations are empowered to issue similar regulations.
Chapter 3
* * * * * * *
Article 7
2. When the economic status of a female official appears to be permanently secured because of a family income, the officials * * * may order a dismissal. The conditions for dismissal are always present when the husband is a permanent official not subject to dismissal.
Chapter 8
* * * * * * *
Article 40
1. The states and the bodies of public law not supervised by the states are empowered and compelled to lower the incomes of their officials insofar as they are higher than the incomes of Reich officials of equal rank. The Reich ministers and the Reich chancellor are to be considered as Reich officials within the scope of this I chapter. Sentence 1 is not applicable to university teachers; for them the special rules of Section 44 apply. Similarly, the Reich Government or the state governments may make different rules in other cases in which the scholarly or artistic significance of an office requires a special evaluation.
2. The local communes, and the other bodies of public law which are under the supervision of the state officials are empowered and I obligated to reduce the salaries of their officials, insofar as they are higher than the salaries of state officials, of corresponding rank.
* * * * * * *
Article 44
1. The state governments are empowered to alter or annul the assurances given to university professors before this chapter be-came effective. They are not bound hereby to agreements, compromises, legal judgments or arbitration decisions.
* * * * * * *
Chapter 13
* * * * * * *
Article 77
1. Insofar as the execution of the provisions of this law requires it, deviations from the Reich constitution and from the state constitutions are permissible.
Berlin, 30 June 1933
The Reichschancellor
Adolf Hitler
The Reichsminister for Finance
Graf Schwerin von Krosigk
The Reichsminister of the Interior
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Binary Subdivision
Quadratic Subdivision
Recursive Subdivision
Adaptive Subdivision

Binary Subdivision --
Similar to the curves, we can refine the knots to subdivide a surface. Let us look at the knots in U direction. We can insert knot any where along an iso-parametric curve, but preserve exactly the same point set as the surface before knot refinement. A new mesh is to be calculated for the new knot vector. It can be done by treating the mesh as rows of control polygons of curves. When a knot is inserted here, these polygons are replaced by the new ones, such that they form a new mesh (with eventually an extra column of vertices) for the new surface that has exactly the same point as the original surface. To subdivide this surface at this knot position, we need to keep inserting knots here, until the multiplicity at this knot is equal to the order, which is three here. The last knot insertion actually created a double mesh column. This surface can be subdivided by splitting the mesh along this double column. Knot refinement and surface subdivision in V direction can also be done along an iso-parametric curve. We keep inserting knots at this position until its multiplicity equals to the order, which is four in this case. This surface is further subdivided in V direction. The same surface could have been subdivided in Vfirst, and then in U.
Quadratic Subdivison --
Subdivision could have been quadruple instead of binary.
Recursive Subdivision
In fact, surface subdivision can be done recursively, that is, a surface is subdivided into four subpatches, and each sub-patch, as a well defined surface itself, can be recursively subdivided into smaller patches, and so on, and so forth.
Adaptive Subdivision --
Certainly the subdivision doesn't have to be quadruple all the time. For instance, if the aspect ratio is important, we need to subdivide in one direction for a few times, then mixed with subdivisions in the other direction. Sometimes, we put different subdivision criteria together to determine the direction of subdivisions and the level of recursion. This is called the adaptive recursive subdivision. It is usually coupled with a well-known divide-and-conquer strategy which is very popular for display processing as well as geometric processing.


text:
Boulder trails are common to the interior of Menelaus crater as materials erode from higher topography and roll toward the crater floor. Downhill is to the left, image width is 500 m, LROC NAC M139802338L [NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University].
Most boulder trails are relatively high reflectance, but running through the center of this image is a lower reflectance trail. This trail is smaller than the others, and its features may be influenced by factors such as mass of the boulder, boulder speed as it traveled downhill, and elevation from which the boulder originated. For example, is the boulder trail less distinct than the others because the boulder was smaller? What about the spacing of boulder tracks? The spacing of bounce-marks along boulder trails may say something about boulder mass and boulder speed. But why is this boulder trail low reflectance when all of the surrounding trails are higher reflectance? Perhaps this boulder trail is lower reflectance because the boulder gently bounced as it traveled downhill, and barely disturbed a thin layer of regolith? The contrast certainly appears similar to the astronauts' footprints and paths around the Apollo landing sites. Or, maybe the boulder fell apart during its downhill travel and the trail is simply made up of pieces of the boulder - we just don't know yet.
LROC WAC context of Menelaus crater at the boundary between Mare Serenitatis and the highlands (dotted line). The arrow marks the location of today's featured image at contact between the crater floor and NE crater wall [NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University].
What do you think? Why don't you follow the trail to its source in the full LROC NAC frame and see if you can find any other low reflectance trails.