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Elytron currently supports aggregate security realms which are an aggregate of an authentication-realm and one or more authorization-realms. The authentication-realm is used to load the credentials of an identity or perform evidence verification and the authorization-realms are used to load the identity's attributes used for authorization. The principal undergoes a series of transformations before being used to load the authentication identity from the aggregate-realm.

The aggregate-realm now supports the attribute principal-transformer. This attribute is optional and allows the user to configure an additional transformation for the principal to undergo after the authentication identity is loaded but before the authorization identity is loaded.

The principal-transformer attribute references a transformer defined in the mappers configuration. This transformer can then be used when configuring an aggregate realm.

This blog post will be making use of:

elytron-examples/aggregate-realm-principal-transformer at master · wildfly-security-incubator/elytron-examples · GitHub

This example shows how to configure an aggregate-realm with a principal-transformer and how to secure a webapp using the aggregated realm for authentication and authorization.

Configuring the server

A WildFly CLI script that contains all of the commands that are used in this example can be found in the aggregate-realm-principal-transformer project in the elytron-examples repository.

Our first step will be to create our authentication and authorization realms, both of which will be filesystem realms.

The following command will create the authentication realm:

/subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=authenticationRealm:add(path=authenticationFS,relative-to=jboss.server.config.dir,encoded=false)

We will then add the identity with the name "guest" and password "guestPwd1!" to the authentication realm:

/subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=authenticationRealm:add-identity(identity="guest")

/subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=authenticationRealm:set-password(identity="guest", clear={password="guestPwd1!"})

Next, we create our authorization realm and add an identity with the name "guest-attributes" and the attribute 'Roles=Users':

/subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=authorizationRealm:add(path=authorizationFS,relative-to=jboss.server.config.dir,encoded=false)

/subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=authorizationRealm:add-identity(identity="guest-attributes")

/subsystem=elytron/filesystem-realm=authorizationRealm:add-identity-attribute(identity="guest-attributes",name=Roles,value=[Users])

We now have our two realms to be aggregated: authenticationRealm to load the credentials for the identity and authorizationRealm to load the attributes used for authorization. However, the principal for the identities is different for the two realms! To remedy this, we can add a constant principal transformer which will always return the principal "guest-attributes":

/subsystem=elytron/constant-principal-transformer=constantTransformer:add(constant="guest-attributes")

We can then configure our aggregate realm using our two new filesystem realms and principal transformer:

/subsystem=elytron/aggregate-realm=aggregateRealm:add(authentication-realm=authenticationRealm,authorization-realm=authorizationRealm,principal-transformer=constantTransformer)

Now our aggregate realm will use the principal "guest" to load the credentials from the authentication realm and then transform the principal to "guest-attributes" to load the attributes from the authorization realm.

We then add a security domain which makes use of our aggregate realm:

/subsystem=elytron/security-domain=simpleDomain:add(realms=[{realm=aggregateRealm}],default-realm=aggregateRealm,permission-mapper=default-permission-mapper)

We also configure a http-authentication-factory to secure our web application with our new domain:

/subsystem=elytron/http-authentication-factory=http-auth:add(http-server-mechanism-factory=global,security-domain=simpleDomain,mechanism-configurations=[{mechanism-name=BASIC,mechanism-realm-configurations=[{realm-name=other}]}])

/subsystem=undertow/application-security-domain=other:add(http-authentication-factory=http-auth)

Finally, we reload the server:

reload

Note: There is now the option to aggregate the attributes of an identity from multiple authorization realms. The principal used for all the authorization realms will be the same one (i.e. the transformed principal if a principal transformer is defined).

Deploying and accessing the application

We're going to make use of the simple-webapp project. This application allows you to access a secured servlet if your identity has the attribute Roles=Users. It can be deployed using the following commands:

cd $PATH_TO_ELYTRON_EXAMPLES/simple-webapp
mvn clean install wildfly:deploy

You can access the application at http://localhost:8080/simple-webapp/.
Try logging in with the username: "guest" and password: "guestPwd1!"
You are successfully authorized to access the secured application, which means our transformer worked and the attribute Roles=Users was successfully loaded from the authorization-realm using the principal that was transformed from 'guest' to 'guest-attributes'.

Summary
This blog post has shown how to use the new optional attribute principal-transformer in an aggregate-realm to transform the principal between the authentication-realm and authorization-realm.

For more information on aggregate realms checkout:

wildfly/Aggregate_Security_Realm.adoc at master · wildfly/wildfly · GitHub
The Elytron Client allows remote clients to authenticate using Elytron. The configurations for these clients can be specified in two ways: using an XML configuration file or using a programmatic approach.

With WildFly 18, it is now possible to specify masked passwords as credential passwords and key store passwords for client authentication.

This blog post will demonstrate how to generate a masked password using the WildFly PasswordFactory and how to use this masked password as a credential in the authentication client using the two configuration methods.

Generating a Masked Password

A masked password consists of the following attributes:

 - 'algorithm' The algorithm used to encrypt the password. If this attribute is not specified, the default value is "masked-MD5-DES".
 - 'key-material' The initial key material used to encrypt the password. If this attribute is not specified, the default value is "somearbitrarycrazystringthatdoesnotmatter".
 - 'iteration-count' The iteration count used to encrypt the password. This attribute is required.
 - 'salt' The salt used to encrypt the password. This attribute is required.
 - 'masked-password' The base64 encrypted password (without the "MASK-" prefix).
 - 'initialization-vector' The initialization vector used to encrypt the password. This attribute is optional.

A list of the supported algorithms can be found at Passwords.

For our example, we will be generating a masked-MD5-DES type password. We can generate this password as follows:

static final Provider ELYTRON_PROVIDER = new WildFlyElytronProvider();
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
 String algorithm = "masked-MD5-DES";
 char[] keyMaterial = "somearbitrarycrazystringthatdoesnotmatter".toCharArray();
 byte[] salt = "_PHONE_".getBytes();
 int iterationCount = 100;
 String clearPassword = "password1!";
 byte[] initializationVector = null;
 PasswordFactory passwordFactory = PasswordFactory.getInstance(algorithm, ELYTRON_PROVIDER);
 MaskedPasswordAlgorithmSpec maskedAlgorithmSpec = new MaskedPasswordAlgorithmSpec(key, iterationCount, salt);
 EncryptablePasswordSpec encryptableSpec = new EncryptablePasswordSpec(clearPassword.toCharArray(), maskedAlgorithmSpec);
 MaskedPassword original = (MaskedPassword) passwordFactory.generatePassword(encryptableSpec);
 MaskedPasswordSpec maskedPasswordSpec = new MaskedPasswordSpec(keyMaterial, iterationCount, salt, masked);

 //Get the masked password as a string
 String maskedPassword = ByteIterator.ofBytes(maskedPasswordSpec.getMaskedPasswordBytes()).base64Encode().drainToString();
 System.out.println(String.format("Masked Password: " + maskedPassword));
 //Verify the masked password


text:
T2T || FAQ || Ask T2T || Teachers' Lounge || Browse || Search || Thanks || About T2T
View entire discussion
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From: Francisco Gutierrez To: Teacher2Teacher Public Discussion Date: _PHONE_:09:59 Subject: Re: Importance of Orthocenter Has it ever occurred to you why we need to learn the orthocenter? Do you even know what an orthocenter is? Well in this paragraph I am going to answer your question. An orthocenter is the point where the three altitudes meet of a triangle, according to dictionary.com. This point can be either inside, outside, or even on the triangle itself. After doing some research online, I can tell you that the orthocenter is one of the more important points on a triangle of the four major centers. Euler was a mathematician who stated that the circumcenter, the orthocenter, centroid, and the center of the nine point circle are co-linear, unless the triangle is equilateral, according to Scieceray. The orthocenter will be outside the triangle if one of the angles is over 90 degrees.
Math Forum Home || The Math Library || Quick Reference || Math Forum Search

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Animal welfare and sustainability: Can they work together?
Lawrence, A. (Speaker)
Activity: Talk, evidence or presentation typesInvited talk
Animal welfare is now seen as a part of global sustainability goals - here I explore how animal welfare can contribute to debates on the sustainability of animal farming
Period5 Nov 2020
Held atAnimal Welfare
Degree of RecognitionInternational
 - Animal welfare
 - sustainability


text:
Impact of Trade Union on Productivity of Teachers in Public and Private Primary Schools in Cross River State, Nigeria (Published)
The study investigated the impact of trade union on productivity among teachers in public and private primary schools in Cross River state. Specifically, the study compares productivity of teachers in private and public primary schools in the study area. Survey design was deployed in the study while cluster random sampling was used to select 180 pupils and purposive sampling technique to select six (6) key informants. Survey interviews and key informant interviews were used for data collection. The analysis of data involved use of percentages, mean and chi-square and transcription of views of the key informants. The study revealed that teachers in private primary schools are more productive than their colleagues in public schools based on indices of productivity such as attendance to school, attendance to classes, average number of lessons held per day and involvement in extra lessons. The study also found a significant difference in school attendance between the public and private primary schools in the study area as the computed chi-square value of 2.222 was greater than the critical value of 1.543 on 1 degree of freedom and confidence level of 0.05. Also there was a significant difference in regular class by teachers in the public and private primary schools as computed chi-square value of 46.723 was greater than the critical value of 44.416 on 1 degree of freedom and confidence level of 0.05. The study therefore recommends regular audit of teachers, strict monitoring on the job, training and retraining and inclusion of teachers' productivity as one of the core aims of trade Unions.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Running the Numbers
It's easy to read more into the yield numbers determined by the ISO/IEC standard than they actually mean. The first thing you need to know is that they don't represent a guaranteed number of pages you'll get from every individual cartridge—not even if you're printing only the set of pages defined by the standard. Basically, the stated yield is a statistical prediction that if you pick a cartridge at random and follow the procedures in the ISO/IEC standard, you'll get at least that number of pages more than 90 percent of the time.
To calculate the yield for what the ISO/IEC standard calls a primary cartridge—black or tricolor, for example—you start with the individual results from a minimum of nine cartridges. More precisely, you need results from a minimum of three sets of three cartridges tested on each of three printers, to take variations among both individual printers and cartridges into account. (The standard defines a different approach for what it calls supplementary cartridges, such as light cyan or light magenta, but for our purposes that's an unnecessary complication.)
You have to run the results through basic statistical formulas to determine what's called the "90 percent lower confidence bound." That number gets reported as the yield. —next: Understanding the Yield Numbers >


text:
Subject: Re: /emul/xxx for all/other /sys/compat/xxx?
To: None
From: Christos Zoulas
Date: 03/06/1995 16:44:14
In article <_EMAIL_> _EMAIL_ (Frank van der Linden) writes:
>Actually, I took the Linux compat code one step further in the
>alternate root handling (perhaps too far due to a misunderstanding
>- relative pathnames are untouched.
>- opening a file for reading (in various forms) checks if the file
> exists under /emul/linux
>- creating a file (including symlink() and rename()) checks if the directory
> that it should be created in exists in /emul/linux and then attempts
> to create it there.
>The last point is not done in the svr4 emul code, only in the Linux code
>Before we make /emul directories the default, we should agree on the semantics.
>What are the objections to what I did? It seemed better to me, because
>it made things like the Linux version of ldconfig work correctly. Any
>examples of where this would break?
Let me just try to explain the reason why I chose the following semantics:
- relative pathnames are untouched.
- opening a file (in various forms) checks if the file
exists under /emul/xxx
The alternate root is provided as a means to programs to find and update
their own configuration files, shared libraries etc. Creating files should
work normally. Consider running the svr4 ksh and doing 'echo > foo' in /
as Charles said. Notice that the ldconfig example will work properly,
if the ld.so.cache already exists in /emul/linux/etc.


Files: read & write
File Operations
Read a data table
# read .csv data file
myData = read.table("data_2x20.csv", header=TRUE)
# same, but defining explicitly the separator as tabulator: "\t", text is framed by double-quotes "sample01" and all lines must have same number of columns
myData = read.table("data_2x20.csv", header=TRUE, sep="\t", row.names=1, quote="", fill=FALSE)
# same, but using read.csv
myData = read.csv("mydata_text_file.csv", header=TRUE, sep="\t", row.names=1 )
# download and read .csv data from a web address
myData = read.table( url("_URL_ , header=TRUE)
 → working with "data-frame" table
Write data to text file (print .csv .tsv table )
write.csv()
# 'write.csv' is a simple wrapper of write.table
# 'write.csv' always uses "." for the decimal point and a comma for the separator
write.csv(myData, file='myData.csv', quote = FALSE)
write.table()
# to define separator, decimal, and other output settings
write.table(myData, file = 'myData.tsv', append = FALSE, quote = FALSE, sep = "\t", eol = "\n", na = "missing", dec = ".", row.names = TRUE, col.names = NA, qmethod = "double")
writeLines()
# write strings to text file, line by line
mytext = c('A1','A2','A3')
fid <- file('output_file.txt')
 writeLines( mytext , fid)
close(fid)
 A1
 A2
 A3
read more
_URL_
_URL_
_URL_


Fuck a duck
Contents: Meaning | Origin | Spread
What does Fuck a duck mean?
Fuck a duck is a common cuss phrase which conveys anger, disappointment or even in some instances surprise.
The term implies a sense of frustration when something minor goes wrong.
Given this information, "Fuck a duck" is mainly used jokingly, to express dissatisfaction with a certain situation and/or person.
🔥 Other popular slang words 🔥
What's the origin of Fuck a duck?
The first appearance in print of this term was in Henry Miller's novel, the Tropic of Cancer. It inspired entire phrases, such as 'Fuck a duck and give it a buck' or 'Fuck a duck and see what hatches'.
You might even hear the phrase 'I'll fuck a dead duck' which expresses the full extent of the surprise.
Linguistic experts believe that the phrase came from the word duckfucker, the person on board who was taking care of domestic animals.
This phrase entered America, and the world of stoner slangs and, it's now used for annoying idiots.
Spread and Usage
How did Fuck a duck spread?
We couldn't tell exactly where the term came from, or when did it get popular.
But we can be sure that it became well liked, probably because people from a very young age learn to rhyme to associate things with other things more easily.
But these days "Fuck a duck" got more and more popular on different platforms, such as Reddit, Youtube or Urban Dictionary, where the first definition was written in 2004.
External References
Search Interest
Published: 07/31/2020 by | Last updated: 07/31/2020 | 697 views | Report error
What do you think? Any additions friend?


natural number n < m such that gcd(n, m) = 1. A self-invertible element is an element whose inverse is itself.
In the proof of Wilson's Theorem for a prime p, the numbers 1 to p - 1 all have inverses. This is not true for a general m. In fact it is certain that (m - 1)! ≡ 0 (mod m), for this reason we instead consider the product of all invertible elements in mod m.
For the case where m = p is prime we also appealed to the fact 1 and p - 1 are the only elements when squared gives 1. In fact for m = pk, 1 and m - 1 (≡ -1)are the only self-invertible elements (see exercise). But for a general m, this is not true. Let's take for example m = 21. In arithmetic modulo 21 each of the following numbers has itself as an inverse
1, 20, 8, 13
so how can we say the product of all invertible elements equal to 1?
We use the CRT described above. Let us consider the case where m = 2pk. By the CRT, each element in mod m can be represented as a two tuple (a,b) where a can take the value 0 or 1 while b can take the value 0, 1,..., or pk - 1. Each two tuple corresponds uniquely to a pair of congruence equations and multiplication can be performed component-wise.
Using the above information, we can easily list all the self-invertible elements, because (a,b)2 ≡ 1 means (a2,b2) = (1,1), so a is an invertible element in mod 2 and b is an invertible element in mod pk, so a ≡ 1 or -1, b ≡ 1 or -1. But in mod 2 1 ≡ -1, so a = 1. Therefore, there are two elements that are self invertible in mod m = 2pk, they are (1,1) = 1, and (1, -1) = m - 1. So in this case, the result is the same as when m has only a single prime factor.
For the case where m has more than one prime factors and m≠ 2pk. Let say m has n prime factors then m can be represented as a n-tuple. Let say m has 3 distinct prime factors, then all the self-invertible elements of m are
 1. (1,1,1)
 2. (1,1,-1)
 3. (1,-1,1)
 4. (1,-1,-1)
 5. (-1,1,1)
 6. (-1,1,-1)
 7. (-1,-1,1)
 8. (-1,-1,-1)
their product is (1,1,1) which corresponds to 1 in mod m.
1. Let p be a prime. Show that in arithmetic modulo pk, 1 and pk - 1 are the only self-invertible elements.
...more to come
Fermat's Little Theorem[edit]
As mentioned in the previous section, not every element is invertible (i.e. has an inverse) mod m. A generalised version of Fermat's Last Theorem uses Euler's Totient function, it states
a^{\phi(m)} \equiv 1 \pmod m \!
for all a ≠ 0 satisfying gcd(a,m) = 1. This is easy to see from the generalised version of Wilson's Theorem. We use a similar technique from the prove of Fermat's Little Theorem. We have
(ab_1)(ab_2)\cdots (ab_{\phi(m)}) \equiv b_1b_2\cdots b_{\phi(m)} \pmod m
where the bi's are all the invertible elements mod m. By Wilson's theorem the product of all the invertible elements equals to, say, d (= 1 or -1). So we get
a^{\phi(m)}d \equiv d \pmod m \!
which is essentially the statement of Fermat's Little Theorem.
Although the FLT is very neat, it is imprecise in some sense. For example take m = 15 = 3 × 5, we know that if a has an inverse mod 15 then aφ(15) = a8 ≡ 1 (mod 15). But 8 is too large, all we need is 4, by that we mean, a4 ≡ 1 (mod 15) for all a with an inverse (the reader can check).
The Carmichael function λ(m) is the smallest number such that aλ(m) ≡ 1 (mod m) for invertible a. A question in the Problem Set deals with this function.
...more to come
Two-torsion Factorisation[edit]
It it quite clear that factorising a large number can be extremely difficult. For example, given that 76372591715434667 is the product of two primes, can the reader factorise it? Without the help of a good computer algebra software, the task is close to being impossible. As of today, there is no known efficient all purpose algorithm for factorising a number into prime factors.
However, under certain special circumstances, factorising can be easy. We shall consider the two-torsion factorisation method. A two-torsion element in modular m arithmetic is a number a such that a2 ≡ 1 (mod m).
Let's consider an example in arithmetic modulo 21. Note that using the CRT we can represent any number in mod 21 as a two-tuple. We note that the two-torsion elements are 1 = (1,1), 13 = (1,-1), 8 = (-1,1) and 20 = (-1,-1). Of interest are the numbers 13 and 8, because 1 and 20 (≡ - 1) are obviously two-torsion, we call these numbers trivially two-torsion.
Now, 13 + 1 = (1,-1) + (1,1) = (2,0). Therefore 13 + 1 = 14 is an element sharing a common factor with 21, as the second component in the two-tuple representation of 14 is zero. Therefore GCD(14,21) = 7 is a factor of 21.
The above example is very silly because anyone can factorise 21. But what about 24131? Factorising it is not so easy. But, if we are given that 12271 is a non-trivial (i.e. ≠ 1 or -1) two-torsion element, then we can conclude that both gcd(12271 + 1,24131) and gcd(12271 - 1,24131) are factors of 24131. Indeed gcd(12272,24131) = 59 and gcd(12270,24131) = 409 are both factors of 24131.
More generally, let m be a composite, and t be a non-trivial two-torsion element mod m i.e. t ≠ 1, -1. Then
gcd(t + 1,m) divides m, and
gdc(t - 1,m) divides m
this can be explained using the CRT.
We shall explain the case where m = pq and p and q are primes. Given t is a non-trivial two-torsion element, then t has representaion (1,-1) or (-1,1). Suppose t = (-1,1) then t + 1 = (-1,1) + (1,1) = (0,2), therefore t + 1 must be a multiple of p therefore gcd(t,m) = p. In the other case where t - 1 = (-1,1) - (1,1) = (-2,0) and so gcd(t - 1,m) = q.
So if we are given a non-trivial two-torsion element then we have effectively found one (and possibly more) prime factors, which goes a long way in factorising the number. In most modern public key cryptography applications, to break the system we need only to factorise a number with two prime factors. In that regard two-torsion factorisation method is frightening effectively.
Of course, finding a non-trivial two-torsion element is not an easy task either. So internet banking is still safe for the moment. By the way 76372591715434667 = 224364191 × 340395637.
1. Given that 18815 is a two-torsion element mod 26176. Factorise 26176.
...more to come'
Next Section[edit]
Next Section: Multiplicative Group
Problem Set Problem Set


text:
Create, make and innovate in Tatachilla's new Middle School STEM Centre
Tatachilla is committed to providing the best possible STEM education.
STEM stands for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. They are the subjects that have been identified as being critical for Australia's future workforce, with high demand forecast for STEM graduates.
The Tatachilla difference is that STEM is a "lived experience".
For younger students, it starts with developing a love for STEM and bringing it to life with excitement and interactive teaching.
In Years 7 and 8, students enter a dedicated STEM learning space. This $1.2 million facility includes a purpose-built workshop and an enclosed technology hub with some of the latest technology to be used in education. In these years, the focus is on integrating the theoretical and practical elements of STEM.
Progression through the upper secondary years sees another change in focus. Students are encouraged to pursue their own interests. They experience "deep learning" that will allow them to consider future pathways for STEM occupations.
To tour Tatachilla's STEM Centre, book a tour today or take the virtual tour.


Answering the Child's Why
Answering the Child's Why
Please choose a format above.
Remember the 50's? No? Neither do we, since our parents were still in diapers back then. But apparently as children, their generation was just as annoying as every generation has been since the start of the human race. Yes, its those adorable children asking questions constantly while annoyance, resentment and bitterness begin to build within all the adults within earshot. This short provides us with a sad look at what was considered progressive social education back then, which can be summed up thusly. "Try answering their questions in a relatable and appropriate way". It also helpfully points out that forcing children to kiss strange relatives they've never met may be emotionally scarring, and that if you crush all the ambition and curiosity out of a child, they may not grow up to be successful. Common sense these days, but apparently these were new and exciting concepts back then. Sort of makes you realize why the hippie movement started a decade later. Anyway, Kam and Dan give this short the sound thrashing it deserves. Please enjoy, "Answering The Child's Why".
Due to transcode difficulties, we ask that you use VLC Media Player to view this file for best possible results.
iRiff file formats
AVI (175.22 MB)
MOV (129.9 MB)
An iRiff by:
Baka Riffs
Intended for mature audiences


text:
In Your Opinion:
Are Athletes Heroes?
Students participate in a classroom debate about athletes as heroes.
Students define the words debate, pro, and con. Students clearly express oral and/or written opinions about whether people should view athletes as heroes.
hero, athlete, debate, pro, con, issue
- teacher-selected and student-researched articles and commentaries about various athletes from print and/or online sources
- box or paper bag
- small slips of paper with the words pro and con written on them
Before teaching the lesson: Write the words pro and con on slips of paper. Put the slips into a box or paper bag.
Complete this activity over several days.
- Discuss the meaning of the word debate.Discuss examples of debate topics.
- Ask the following questions: In your opinion, what is a hero? Are athletes heroes? (If yes) What qualities make an athlete a hero? (If no) Why not?
- Tell students that the class will hold a debate on this topic. Explain general debating guidelines from teacher-selected resources or from An Introduction to the Debating Process and Debate Rules [scroll down the page]. Discuss the meanings of the words pro and con.
Find many more resources in the Education World article, It's Up for Debate and its accompanying Resources for Classroom Debates.
- Organize students into small groups or teams. Present the box or bag containing the slips of paper with the words pro and con.
- Have a student from each team pick a slip of paper from the bag or box to determine which side of the debate they will cover.
- Tell students that each group must research print or, if Internet access is available, online sources to support their side of the debate. Give students a few days to complete their research, write their position papers, and rehearse for the debate.
Hold the classroom debate.
Variation: Invite other classes in your grade to the debate. Let the visitors pose questions to the teams.
Extension: Ask students if their opinions about athletes as heroes changed as a result of participating in the debate.
Evaluate students' abilities to work in teams, position papers, and participation in the debate.
Lesson Plan Source


text:
- FileFormat returns a format name of the type used by Import.
- FileFormat uses heuristic methods, and may not give correct results, particularly for shorter files.
- FileFormat does not verify that Import would succeed if applied to "name".
- FileFormat gets clues from both names of files and properties of files recorded in the filesystem, but bases the final result it returns only on the actual contents of files.
Introduced in 2007


Royal SMIT Transformers
Ready for the
Large power Transformers
up to 765 KV
Whilst in the 21st century electronic components are in general becoming increasingly small and compact, at Royal SMIT Transformers B.V.. in Nijmegen, the Netherlands, larger and heavier power transformers are being developed. However, there is an important parallel: in both situations technicians are constantly pushing the boundaries to the limit.
The development of electricity grids worldwide towards ever-larger generating units requires transformers that have higher voltages and higher capacities. Amongst other things, the development of transformers is limited by their exceptional dimensions and weight, because this large electro technical component has to be transported to its destination in one piece. In the nearly one hundred year old history of Royal SMIT Transformers B.V., the transformer is still based on the same principle. However, the production location of Smit in Nijmegen was transformed several times to stay ahead of this development.
And this was successfully achieved! In 2008, the company took another giant step forward by introducing air cushion transportation for transformers in final assembly and testbay, resulting in a time decrease for each transformer movement by approximately 8 hours.
The Lean Manufacturing principles are propagated and employees are trained and encouraged to strive for continuous improvement. The purpose of this is to achieve a shorter throughput time, without negative effect to the quality level. An important motivating factor is having a well filled orderbook in hand.
Contact person
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text:
«EIA FOR THREE 10MW PHOTOVOLTAIC (SOLAR) ENERGY FACILITIES PROPOSED FOR MARIENTAL, OMARURU AND OKAHANDJA BACKROUND INFORMATION DOCUMENT PURPOSE OF ...»
EIA for three proposed 10 MW photovoltaic (solar) energy facilities at Mariental, Omaruru and Okahandja, Namibia
EIA FOR THREE 10MW PHOTOVOLTAIC
(SOLAR) ENERGY FACILITIES
PROPOSED FOR MARIENTAL, OMARURU
BACKROUND INFORMATION DOCUMENT
PURPOSE OF THIS DOCUMENTThe purpose of this Background Information Document (BID) is to provide stakeholders with a background to three proposed solar energy facilities and to invite Interested and Affected Parties (I&APs) to register in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process. By registering as an I&AP, stakeholders can submit comments on the proposed solar energy facilities and be kept informed throughout the EIA. This BID includes the following
Introduction How does the EIA Process work?
What is Public Participation and how do you get involved?
What is proposed and where?
Why are solar energy facilities needed and what benefits are anticipated?
How does a typical solar energy facility work?
What alternatives are being considered?
Potential environmental impacts associated with the project Way forward Introduction Namibia Power Corporation (Pty) Ltd (NamPower) propose to off-take power from an Independent Power Producer (IPP) or Producers (IPP's). The power will be generated from three individual 10 megawatt (MW) photovoltaic (PV) solar energy facilities at three separate locations in Namibia namely; Mariental, Omaruru and Okahandja (Figure 3).
In terms of the Namibian environmental legislation (Environmental Management Act (No. 7 of 2007)), an EIA is required to obtain an Environmental Clearance Certificate from the Ministry of Environment and Tourism (MET) before the project can proceed. As a preferred IPP or IPP's has not yet been selected, NamPower has appointed Aurecon South Africa (Pty) Ltd (Aurecon) to undertake the EIA study to investigate the biophysical and socio- economic environmental issues. The findings will help inform MET's decision-making and to inform the design and operation of the three proposed PV solar energy facilities.
HOW DOES THE EIA PROCESS WORK?An EIA is a process that evaluates the biophysical and socio-economic characteristics of proposed projects and the consequences of the project on the environment and the people that live in the area affected by the project activities.
Where negative impacts are likely to result from the project, measures can be recommended to avoid or lessen these impacts to a level where the impacts are considered acceptable from a biophysical and social perspective. Where positive impacts are likely to result from the project, measures can be recommended to increase these impacts. The EIA process also provides I&APs with opportunities to comment on the project and to be kept informed about decisions that may impact on them or the environment. The various stages of the consultation within the EIA process are shownin Figure 2.
Figure 1 | Locality Map indicating the project locations The EIA process would typically consist of a scoping phase and an EIA phase. However, MET's decision can be informed by the scoping report if sufficient information is provided at this stage. Due to the impacts of solar energy facilities being well understood, the scoping report will include specialist assessments of the proposed project, assessments of all anticipated impacts and mitigation measures to address the anticipated impacts which should be sufficient for decision making by MET.It is therefore anticipated that the project would not need to proceed to the EIA phase.
Okahandja) and on the Aurecon website (_URL_) and the NamPower website (_URL_) Registered I&APs will also be informed of the availability of the Draft Scoping Report for a 14 day comment period, during which period the public will have the opportunity to review the draft document and raise any issues or concerns Advertising the decision received from MET and affording an opportunity to I&APs to appeal the decision.
WHAT IS PROPOSED AND WHERE?
NamPower identified three existing substations into which each of the proposed solar energy facilities could feed, based on the grid capacity, network of existing transmission lines, the national map of solar radiation indicating the average sunshine hours per day and location of the largest source of demand. The three substations identified were the Hardap substation near Mariental, Omburu substation near Omaruru and Osona substation near Okahandja.
Three alternative sites, were identified at each substation and assessed by specialists. Each alternative site is approximately 100 hectare (ha) in extent and within a 5km radius from the substation. All sites are located on farming land, which are currently used for stock grazing, transmission line corridors and are uninhabited. A site selection process was undertaken to select the preferred three sites (one alternative site per substation location). The site selection process will be detailed in the Scoping Report. It should be noted that Osona site 1 was decreased in size as a small hill, considered to be sensitive in a number of aspects, was distorting the findings for the site and hence was excluded from the original 100 ha site for the site selection process. The following sites were selected as the
preferred sites (see Figure 3, Figure 4 and Figure 5):
Hardap site 1 on Farm Koichas 89 close to Mariental, Hardap Region (referred to as Hardap site);
Omburu site 3 located on Omaruru Townlands Portion B, 2215 close to Omaruru, Erongo Region (referred to as Omaruru site); and Osona site 1 located on Portion C of Farm Gross Barmen 7 near Okahandja, Otjozondjupa Region (referred to as Osona site).
An area of 35ha is generally required to construct a 10MW PV solar energy facility. Areas with a footprint of 35ha were therefore identified within the 100ha sites, informed by sensitive features on site, which were excluded from the development area.
Each of the proposed 10MW solar energy facilities would consist of the following:
Photovoltaic component: numerous rows of PV panels and associated support infrastructure to generate electricity.
Transmission corridor: one overhead 66kV transmission line located within the transmission corridor to connect the proposed onsite substation to the existing main substation.
On-site substation: the on-site substation to collect the electricity produced on site and step it up to the correct voltage to transfer via the transmission line to the existing main central substation.
Access road corridor: a 100m corridor to accommodate the access road for constructing, servicing and maintaining the facility.
Buildings: operation and maintenance buildings to house equipment and a guard cabin for security.
Additional infrastructure: includes a boundary fence for health, safety and security reasons; water supply infrastructure for groundwater abstraction and storm water infrastructure, if required.
WHY ARE SOLAR ENERGY FACILITIES NEEDED AND WHAT BENEFITS AREANTICIPATED?
Namibia has a high reliance on power imports (on average 60%, but up to 80 % during dry seasons). A number of Namibia's energy import agreements are about to end and if not renewed, Namibia is likely to face a capacity deficit in its electricity generation from 2015.
This is based on current growth forecasts of its electricity demands (peak demand of 534MW with a 4% per annum growth)1. In order to address the potential capacity deficit, and to take advantage of the good solar resource in Namibia, NamPower is proposing to purchase electricity from solar energy facilities.
Renewable energy is recognised internationally as a major contributor in diminishing the negative effects of climate change, as well as providing a wide range of biophysical environmental, economic and social benefits that can contribute towards long-term global sustainability. These impacts include, amongst others, reduction of greenhouses gases emitted per unit of electricity, reduced reliance on fossil fuelled power stations, employment benefits and associated social upliftments, improvement in electricity security and diversity, and expenditure in local economy.
The proposed solar energy facilities are therefore expected to contribute positively towards climate change mitigation. The establishment of the proposed solar energy facilities would also help to meet the current national electricity demand, which far exceeds supply. Furthermore, the proposed projects would assist Namibia in meeting its international obligations by aligning domestic policy with internationally agreed strategies and standards as set by the Kyoto Protocol and United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, to which Namibia is a signatory.
HOW DOES A TYPICAL PV SOLAR ENERGY FACILITY WORK?
Solar panels capture light energy from the sun to generate electricity through a process known as the PV effect, where light energy energise the electrons to produce electricity (see Figure 62). There are various types of solar panels, but for the proposed PV solar energy facilities Conventional PV solar cells are proposed.
WHAT ALTERNATIVES ARE BEING CONSIDERED?
The best suitable site at each location (Mariental, Omaruru and Okahandja) was selected through the Multi-criteria Decision-Making process. This is therefore forms the assessment of alternatives and only the preferred site location alternative will be assessed in detail against the "no-go" option in the assessment phase. Mounting alternatives and access road alternatives will however be considered in the EIA process. For all three sites, two mounting alternatives
to fasten the panel to the frame will be considered, namely:
a) Single-Axis Tracking PV: The panels are fixed on a a b single axis that follows the seasonal sun to ensure maximum exposure to sunlight as indicated in in Figure 7a.
b) Fixed Tilt PV: This is typically a rack mounted system of panel arrays on frames and installed at a fixed angle (see Figure 7b). These arrays would be uniformly aligned to facilitate efficient sun energy capture. Figure 7 | Mounting Alternatives

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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How Do You Make Biodiesel Fuel Out Of Horse Manure?
Making biodiesel out of horse manure is a do-it-yourself project that is challenging but rewarding. As it decomposes, horse manure creates a gas called methane that can be harnessed and used as a heat or power source. All gasses, even natural ones, must be handled carefully and by someone with experience. Collect the horse manure. Soiled horse bedding can be used for the biofuel creation process without having to separate out the manure. The straw bedding will decompose along with the manure and the urine will add nitrogen to the process, speeding up the decomposition. Add the soiled bedding to the collection tank portion of the biofuel converter until the tank is half full. Do not pack down the bedding to allow water and air to flow into the open spaces and speed up decomposition. Add 10 gallons of water to the tank. Seal the lid onto the tank securely. Stir the contents of the tank every 4 days for the first 2 weeks, then leave lid closed. Methane will begin to develop in 3 to 4 week


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At first glance, this surprising object could almost be mistaken for an impressive piece of skeleton from a whale or something similarly enormous. In actual fact, it is an extremely rare preserved example of a late 15th/early 16th-century German jousting saddle, which was used in the form of joust known as the 'Gestech im hohen Zeug'. The saddle supported knights in a standing position rather than seating them on the back of the horse.
The saddle consists of a large wooden shield, forked for the horse's back. Behind this barrier projects a seat made up of a central bar with a ring on either side. The rider would insert their legs through the rings, so that they were secured and protected by the shield. The knight would thus be anchored firmly into a standing position from which to joust, although the rigid stance must have increased the potential for serious injury if he received a forceful blow.
Mounting was probably quite difficult; John Hewitt speculated in 1858 that 'Into a saddle of this kind the knight must have crept from the back of the horse'! The saddle is covered in rawhide and still retains some traces of paint. It is one of only a very small handful known to survive.
Blogger: Natasha Roberts, Curatorial Assistant


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This is a surface treatment process in which a stream of high pressure water is mixed with abrasive particles which are
directed on to the surface to be treated. This method is used to remove paint, metal scales, rust, salt and other contaminants
from the surface. The velocity of the water jet along with hardness, density, toughness and particle shape of the
abrasives will create a surface prole to provide a suitable surface for painting.
Fluidtech offers high pressure water jetting pump sets with venturi nozzles which are mounted on to the water jetting
guns which mixes water with the abrasives. This method is called "wet sand blasting" which offer a pollution free


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Reference and Simulation Costing is a tool for planning costs and setting prices, with which you manually enter the costing items in spreadsheet form in aunit cost estimate.
With this component, you can create base planning objects. A base planning object is a reference object of Product Cost Planning which you create in Reference and Simulation Costing, in order to plan costs for a new product or service and simulate changes to existing cost estimates.
In base object costing, you can access data in the Controlling, Materials Management and Production Planning modules.
You can access data that already exists in the R/3 System, such as:
For further information,seeMaster Data for Unit Costing.
You create base planning objects to plan new products or services. They provide the data required for management decisions as to the manufacture of products, the provision of services, or whether the product should be produced internally or externally.
You enter the additive costs manually in the form of a unit cost estimate.
You can use the base planning object as follows:
You can use a base planning object in the costing of the following objects in the R/3 System:
As a Spreadsheet Without Accessing Data in the R/3 System
In the first stage of a feasibility study, you create a cost estimate. In this cost estimate, you create an item consisting of a quantity, a unit of measure, and a price, for each operation to be carried out. The sum of the item values is the total costs of the undertaking.
At a later stage, you can expand this costing template with detailed information from the R/3 System on the materials to be used and activities to be provided.
Spreadsheet with Access to Data in the R/3 System
In a base object cost estimate, you list all the materials and activity types required to carry out a specific process. The R/3 System valuates them using prices from the material master records, and the activity prices from Cost Center Accounting. The total costs of the process are produced from the total of the costing items.
You can use this cost estimate later as a reference when carrying out cost planning for an order or a project.
Item in Another Cost Estimate
You create three base object cost estimates containing the materials, internal activities and external activities that are regularly used. When processing a quotation, you enter these base object cost estimates in the cost estimate for the quotation and add further costing items specific to that customer's requirements. This gives you a basis for the quotation price in Sales (SD).
Reference when Planning Specific Reference Objects in the R/3 System
You create a base object cost estimate in which you list all the activities generally carried out by the marketing department during a trade fair. When you open an internal order for collecting the costs of a particular trade fair, you can copy the relevant costing items to the order and use them as a basis for planning the order.
You can create multiple base object cost estimates in which you plan the expected costs for the various components of a standard product. When you enter a quotation for a particular variant of this product in Sales and Distribution (SD), you can select the relevant costing items from the base object cost estimate, transfer them into the quotation and use them to process the quotation in SD.


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How to say appraiser and appraisal in Spanish?
I work as an appraiser in areas with a lot of Spanish speakers. I have looked up appraiser in a dictionary and it shows "el tasador". Is this commonly understood? I have never heard it in the field. For appraisal I usually use "valuación". Thanks for your help.
For learning: Spanish
Base language: English
Category: Other
 Please enter between 2 and 2000 characters.
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 Best Answer - Chosen by the Asker
 Appraiser = is the person who calculated a value the price or the rate, to a house or something.
 Appraiser = evaluador, valuador o tasador
 Appraisal = valorización, estimación, apreciación, tasación, evaluación
 In Spain I would say "tasador" and "tasación".
 We had a so big housing bubble, that everyone can understand these two words.
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TPWD News Release — Feb. 1, 2005
Most of the fish kills are relatively small and involve shad, an abundant forage fish, but some game fish species are also being lost, say investigators with TPWD's Kills and Spills Team.
"We're seeing more ongoing activity," said David Sager, Ecosystem/Habitat Assessment branch chief at TPWD. "We're monitoring and taking water samples, studying the water chemistry and a lot of other parameters of the lakes during the blooms to see if there's anything we can attribute to the cause."
TPWD is currently monitoring golden alga activity on Lake Whitney, where cell counts had been rising during the last two weeks and a fish kill occurred on Sunday, Jan. 30 in the upper end of the lake.
"Unfortunately, it is happening, but we expected it because cell counts (the density of the alga) were going up and the water was turning yellow and foamy," said Joan Glass, a Kills and Spills Team investigator.
Golden alga activity has been ongoing along the Brazos River watershed for several weeks, impacting fisheries at Possum Kingdom Reservoir and Lake Granbury. Because of recent rainfall, dams at both impoundments have been releasing water, which Glass said may be contributing to activity at Lake Whitney.
TPWD is also monitoring for golden alga on the following: Lake Kemp, Lake Diversion, Lake Sweetwater, Lake Colorado City, Moss Creek Lake, Wadley-Barron Park pond in Midland and Red Bluff Reservoir in New Mexico. E. V. Spence Reservoir is not experiencing a kill and the Colorado River between Spence and O.H. Ivie Reservoir is stable. There have been no reports of any dead or stressed fishes in O.H. Ivie Reservoir.
Biologists at the Dundee State Fish Hatchery in Wichita Falls are also experiencing golden alga in several hatchery ponds and are experimenting with various techniques to control the alga. "They're looking at various treatment options including barley straw in containers to see if it helps control the toxins," said Sager. "Straw has been used to control algae in other lakes and areas, but it's never been tried on golden alga."
While golden alga is present on several lakes, biologists say the good news is that the blooms have not returned to Lake Texoma. Texas and Oklahoma fisheries biologists have not found any high concentrations of the toxin producing alga in samples taken throughout the lake.
Glass also reported that golden alga activity on Lake Granbury appears to be subsiding. "We're not losing any more fish and a fishing tournament was held there over the weekend and they were catching fish so that's a good sign," she noted.
The ongoing algal blooms also are providing researchers with an active event to study, according to Sager. "We've begun an intensive monitoring program at Lake Whitney and will be taking samples of all the different plankton communities. We'll share that information with the universities so they can use it in conjunction with their research."
Scientists from several universities in Texas are working in laboratories and with net enclosures at Possum Kingdom Reservoir studying the affects of water quality on algal bloom toxicity. Researchers are also looking at algae genetics. Another study is focusing on the economic impacts of fish kills; specifically at the 2001 golden alga fish kill events at Possum Kingdom Reservoir.
"We're also working in cooperation with river authorities and local governments to obtain water samples from around the state to see where golden alga might be present," added Sager. "That could be helpful if we find it in locations that aren't experiencing kills. We could try to identify what controls are present at those sites that aren't present at sites experiencing fish kills."
First discovered in Texas in 1985, golden alga (Prymnesium parvum) was identified in a fish kill in the Pecos River and has since been responsible for fish kills in the Colorado, Canadian, Wichita, Red and Brazos river systems as well.
This alga releases a toxin that kills gill-breathing organisms such as fish and clams. According to the Texas Department of State Health Services, anecdotal evidence has shown no human health risks associated with golden alga.
Since 2001, golden alga fish kills have occurred on two dozen reservoirs in Texas. Since 1985, nearly 18 million fish have been killed, most of which were either forage or rough fish species.
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text:
The café wall illusion is an optical illusion, first described
by Doctor Richard Gregory. He observed this curious effect in the tiles of the
wall of a café at the bottom of St Michael's Hill, Bristol.
This optical illusion makes the parallel straight horizontal lines appear to be bent.
To construct the illusion, alternating light and dark "bricks" are laid in staggered rows. It is essential for the illusion that each "brick" is surrounded by a layer of "mortar" (the grey in the image). This should ideally be of a colour in between the dark and light colour of the "bricks".


Our guides are catered for maximum efficiency to the role a user has while automating with HIRO™. Please select from the below if you're a Subject Matter Expert (SME) or an AI Expert (AIE).
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Expert who will teach HIRO how to automate processes they are knowledgeable on through a chat conversation where they answer questions regarding said processes and tasks within them.
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This role will be given to users who understand how HIRO works, and can edit HIRO's automatically generated code to ensure it has translated content from an SME's chat conversation correctly into Knowledge Items, which is what HIRO™ will use to automate.
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Admins are able to access HIRO™ and use it like AI Experts do, with the addedd permissions to the Admin application where they can carry out administrative tasks on their instance, such as user management.
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A HIRO™ Developer is responsible for creating and configuring the Action Handlers and Connectors planned in the Solution Design phase. They are familiar with the source and target systems, and the available HIRO™ APIs.


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Email has become an essential communication tool in healthcare, providing a quick and convenient way for healthcare providers to communicate with their colleagues, patients, and other stakeholders.
However, with the increasing volume of emails, healthcare providers are struggling to keep up with their inboxes, leading to feelings of overwhelm, stress, and decreased productivity.
In this article, we'll discuss effective email management strategies tailored specifically for healthcare providers to help them manage their inboxes efficiently and effectively.
1. Prioritize Emails
One of the most effective ways to manage emails is to prioritize them. Healthcare providers receive a wide range of emails, including urgent patient-related emails, administrative emails, and newsletters.
Prioritizing emails can help you focus on the most important messages and ensure that you don't miss any critical information.
To prioritize your emails, you can use a few strategies. Firstly, create different folders to categorize your emails. For example, you can create a folder for patient-related emails, administrative emails, and newsletters.
You can also create a folder for emails that require follow-up or action. Secondly, use the "Flag" or "Mark as Important" features to flag or highlight the most important emails.
By prioritizing your emails, you can ensure that you're not wasting time on low-priority messages and can focus on the critical ones.
2. Set Aside Dedicated Email Time
Another way to manage emails effectively is to set aside dedicated email time. Many healthcare providers are guilty of constantly checking their emails throughout the day, which can be distracting and time-consuming.
By setting aside specific times during the day to check and respond to emails, healthcare providers can reduce distractions and increase productivity.
Some best practices for using email appointment reminders are send appointment reminders at an appropriate time, make sure the reminder is clear and concise, email appointment reminders should be professional and respectful.
Customize the reminder to the patient's needs, Include a clear call-to-action in the email reminder and using a secure messaging system or patient portal is an effective way to send appointment reminders while also ensuring patient privacy
3. Use Email Filters and Rules
Email filters and rules can help you manage your inbox efficiently. Filters allow you to automatically categorize emails based on specific criteria, such as sender, subject, or keywords.
For example, you can set up a filter to automatically categorize patient-related emails into a specific folder.
Rules, on the other hand, allow you to set specific actions for emails that meet certain criteria. For example, you can set a rule to automatically mark all emails from your supervisor as important or to move all emails containing the word "urgent" to a dedicated folder.
Using email filters and rules can help you manage your inbox more efficiently, reduce distractions, and save time.
4. Unsubscribe from Non-Essential Emails
Healthcare providers receive a wide range of emails, including newsletters, updates, and promotions. While these emails may contain useful information, they can also clutter your inbox and distract you from more critical messages.
To manage your inbox more effectively, consider unsubscribing from non-essential emails.
To unsubscribe from emails, look for the "unsubscribe" link at the bottom of the email. Clicking on this link will usually take you to a page where you can unsubscribe from future emails.
By unsubscribing from non-essential emails, you can reduce inbox clutter and focus on more important messages.
5. Use Email Templates
Healthcare providers often receive similar types of emails, such as appointment confirmations, test results, or prescription renewals. Using email templates can save time and reduce the risk of errors when sending these types of messages.
To create email templates, simply save frequently used messages as templates in your email client. You can then customize the templates as needed and send them out quickly and efficiently.
Effective email management is essential for healthcare providers who want to avoid inbox overload, reduce stress, and increase productivity.
By prioritizing emails, setting aside dedicated email time, using email filters and rules, unsubscribing from non-essential emails, and using email templates, healthcare providers can manage their inboxes efficiently and effectively.
However, effective email management requires discipline and consistency. It's essential to establish a routine and stick to it to ensure that you're managing your emails effectively.
You should also regularly review and assess your email management strategies to ensure that they're working effectively and make adjustments as needed.
In addition to these email management strategies, there are other best practices that healthcare providers should follow when it comes to email communication. These include:
1. Be Clear and Concise
When communicating via email, it's essential to be clear and concise. Use simple and direct language to ensure that your message is easy to understand. Avoid using medical jargon or technical terms that your recipient may not be familiar with.
2. Maintain Patient Privacy
Healthcare providers have a legal and ethical obligation to protect patient privacy. When communicating via email, it's essential to ensure that patient information is protected.
Avoid sending patient information via unsecured email and always use encryption and secure messaging platforms when communicating sensitive information.
3. Respond in a Timely Manner
Prompt and timely communication is essential in healthcare. When you receive an email from a patient or colleague, make sure to respond in a timely manner.
Even if you don't have all the information or can't provide a complete answer, a quick response to acknowledge receipt of the email is essential to maintaining good communication.
4. Use Professional Language and Tone
Email communication should be professional and respectful. Avoid using informal language or tone and maintain a professional demeanor at all times.
Remember that email communication can be easily misinterpreted, so choose your words carefully and be mindful of your tone.
In conclusion, effective email management is essential for healthcare providers who want to manage their inboxes efficiently and effectively. By following the strategies outlined in this article, healthcare providers can reduce stress, increase productivity, and avoid inbox overload.
Additionally, by following best practices for email communication, healthcare providers can maintain good communication with their colleagues and patients while protecting patient privacy and maintaining a professional demeanor.


Hand Sanitizer
OPERATIONAL GUIDELINES ON PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE FOR COVID-19 OUTBREAK FOR WORK SETTINGS, Ministry of Health and Indigenous Medical Services – Sri Lanka
Raw Materials required
 1. Ethyl Alcohol >90% or Isopropyl Alcohol >90%
 2. Hydrogen peroxide 3%
 3. Glycerol 98%
 4. Food colouring (blue or green)
 5. Water (Properly boiled and cooled up to room temperature)
Method of preparation
In order to prepare 100 millilitres of the hand sanitizer,
 1. 85 millilitres of Ethyl Alcohol or Isopropyl Alcohol,
 2. 4 millilitres of Hydrogen peroxide,
 3. Few drops of food colouring and
 4. 1.5 millilitres of Glycerol, is required.
Translations by Creative Content Consultants
Add any one kind of alcohol mentioned above into an adequately large bottle (150 millilitres or more). Then add Hydrogen peroxide to the bottle. Mix it and add Glycerol to the mixture.
Then add water to the mixture until the total volume of the mixture becomes 100 millilitres.
Finally, the bottle with the mixture should be closed and mix thoroughly. The solution made can be used as an alcohol-based hand rub.
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Created: 21. december 2014
Version: 1.1
iTunes Store: MySpending
A simple effort or spending calculator which allows you to precalculate the costs. It can be used to calculate the size of a backup plan or to overview our livelihood.
The app allows you to categorize your spendings. The categories can be exported and imported. The costs can be copied to another category per drag and drop.
 1. Overview of the selected category. All the entries in the category will be sum up. Each entry will be multiplicated with the corresponding interval. An entry which has a daily interval will be multiplicated with 360 for the yearly display. The interval monthly will be multiplicated with 30 and the interval weekly with 56
 2. Listing of all categories. All entries must be assigned to a category. This means that there must exist at least one category
 3. Listing of all entries of the selected category. You can set up the interval for each entry. Either never, daily, weekly, monthly or yearly
 4. With those buttons you can add or remove a category
 5. The selected category can be exported to a file. The category can be imported even between different systems. You can use the buttons to create a backup or to share the data
 6. Those buttons can be used to add or delete an entry from a category
Site overview


How Long Does a MacBook Air last – (And Why)?
Exact Answer: 5 years
The MacBook Air is a line of laptops developed and produced by Apple Inc. On January 15th, 2008, the MacBook Air series was introduced by Apple. It was promoted as the world's thinnest notebook, beating the record earlier put by the Toshiba Portege R200. It was also Apple's first laptop with an optional solid-state drive (SSD).
This was the first generation of MacBook Air laptops. Apple released the 2nd and 3rd generations of MacBook Air computers in October 2010 and October 2018, respectively. These second and third-generation laptops were each made to be more advanced than their predecessors.
How Long Does a MacBook Air last
MacBook Air Hardware PartLifespan
Hard Drive3-5 years
Processor3-5 years
Battery3-5 years
Screen3-5 years
Everyone has an individual perspective on how he or she defines a computer's lifespan. Once the latest model of a MacBook Air is acquired, it can remain productive for around five years. Apple laptops generally have a productive lifespan of three to five years, depending on how they are being used.
MacBook Air laptops, like any machine out there, are prone to mechanical or physical damage. This can affect them at any time, even at the store, before they are sold to users. This laptop series was designed to be the lightest and thinnest but not the toughest.
Most of MacBook Air users complain of the screen's hinges becoming a bit lose after about five years of use. This is due to the repeated movement around the hinges while flipping up and down the screen.
Some MacBook Air users are still using the first generation laptops launched back in 2008. Having a productive lifespan of 5 years does not mean that the computer becomes utterly useless after the five years are over. Even after the hinges grow loose, the MacBook Air still performs quite well.
Most problems that affect this laptop after five years of use are mechanical. It is rare to find a MacBook Air that has performance issues after five years of use. Mechanical problems are usually fixed by replacing the parts that have undergone wear or those that have seized to function altogether. Almost 70% of MacBook Air users use their laptops for more than five years.
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How Long Does Caulk Take to Dry and Why?
Why Does MacBook Air Last That Long?
The following are some of the reasons the MacBook Air has an average lifespan of five years:
System updates
After around five years of use, Apple stops supporting the laptop with system updates. This doesn't mean that the computer is no longer functional. The operating system (OS) on the computer can still run correctly. The only disadvantage is that the user won't enjoy the new features introduced by the new Mac Operating system. Some users go ahead and buy the latest laptop models to enjoy the new OS features.
What is the laptop for?
Some users use their laptops for graphic designs, communication, or general office work. These users, especially those using their laptops for office work, are always on their laptops. A lot of work in the office is done using computers and laptops. Their laptops have to have a strong processing unit; otherwise, they will start overheating and subsequently having battery issues.
Features and capabilities
Every generation of the MacBook Air comes with certain features and capabilities. As indicated above, some laptops are used for more than they can handle. Some programs or applications, especially games that are run on the computer, require too much RAM usage or CPU usage. If the laptop runs an app, it can't handle well after some time it will crash. The user should understand the laptop's capabilities and run programs and applications it can handle.
Proper care and use
Physical or mechanical damage on the laptop can occur at any time. It is, therefore, the user's responsibility to ensure that the MacBook Air laptop is kept safe from the time of purchase.
There are many definitions of a laptop's lifespan, as stated previously. The standard lifespan that seems to be set by Apple for its laptops is around five years. This is a reasonable time putting in mind that laptops are machines that are used by many people on a day to day basis.
Proper maintenance and care is key to increasing the MacBook Air laptop's lifespan. Any MacBook that is properly maintained can last several years or decades.


text:
We have used cryogenic high pressure measurements and lifetime studies to investigate a defect related emission at 1.269eV in silicon doped GaAs. The pressure measurements prove that the 1.269 eV photon energy is relative to the conduction band. This implies a deep defect level ≈ 0.30 eV above the valence band and an electron capture process from near the conduction band into the defect. The defect level moves up in the bandgap at a rate of (23 ± 3) meV/GPa. Between 20 K and room temperature the defect emission lifetime remains constant at (9.63 ± 0.25) ns, while the intensity decreases over this same range. We explain this surprising result using an intradefect emission process. These results are consistent with a vacancy related defect level, possibly stemming from a gallium vacancy - silicon at gallium (second-nearest-neighbor) defect complex.
|Number of pages||5|
|Journal||Physica Status Solidi (B) Basic Research|
|State||Published - Nov 1996|


text:
Self-advocacy and cancer: a concept analysis
Version of Record online: 24 JAN 2013
© 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Journal of Advanced Nursing
Volume 69, Issue 10, pages 2348–2359, October 2013
How to Cite
2013) Self-advocacy and cancer: a concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing 69(10), 2348–2359. doi: 10.1111/jan.12084& (
- Issue online: 13 SEP 2013
- Version of Record online: 24 JAN 2013
- Manuscript Accepted: 15 DEC 2012
- National Institute of Nursing Research. Grant Numbers: T32 NR011972, R01 NR010735
- cancer survivorship;
- concept analysis;
To report an analysis of the concept of self-advocacy among individuals with cancer to clarify its meaning, to differentiate this meaning with related concepts, and to unify understanding of the concept in cancer research and practice.
Cancer survivors are increasingly required to assume an active role in their health care. A thorough analysis of how survivors advocate for themselves is a crucial aspect in supporting survivors' ability to engage and manage their care throughout all stages of cancer survivorship.
Walker and Avant's eight-step process of conducting a concept analysis was used.
PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases were searched for articles, reviews, editorials, and grey literature directly addressing self-advocacy.
A broad inquiry into the literature from 1960 to 2012 that produces a definition of self-advocacy. Model and contrary cases of self-advocacy demonstrate the concept's application and intricacies.
Antecedents to self-advocacy include particular personal characteristics, learned skills, and attainable support. The essential element of self-advocacy and what differentiates it from related concepts, is the internalization of these antecedent resources into self-advocacy thoughts and actions while incorporating personal values and priorities in a way that upholds the survivors' goals and beliefs. A full realization of self-advocacy facilitates a cancer survivor attaining a strong self-concept, sense of control, and adaptation to a life with cancer.
Self-advocacy is a process of internalizing skills and resources to act in a way that supports survivors' needs and goals.


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Random positive definite matrix
How can I get a random positive definite (or positive semi definite) matrix of given order? I know that there is a inbuilt function random_matrix with an additional feature algorithm to set with it. But there we can get some special matrices like 'echelon_form', 'orthogonal' ', 'echelonizable', 'diagonalizable'.... but positive definite command is not in built there. Some other important matrix classes are not there. So how to obtain random matrix of those classes?


Angular Databinding
Databinding is a powerful feature of Angular. Angular Databinding is used for communication. It is used to communicate between your TypeScript code (your business logic) and the other component which is shown to the users i.e. HTML layout.
Databinding is necessary because when we write the code in TypeScript, it is compiled to JavaScript and the result is shown on HTML layout. Thus, to show the correct and spontaneous result to the users, a proper communication is necessary. That's why databinding is used in Angular.
There is two type of databinding:
One-way databinding
One way databinding is a simple one way communication where HTML template is changed when we make changes in TypeScript code.
Or
In one-way databinding, the value of the Model is used in the View (HTML page) but you can't update Model from the View. Angular Interpolation / String Interpolation, Property Binding, and Event Binding are the example of one-way databinding.
Two-way databinding
In two-way databinding, automatic synchronization of data happens between the Model and the View. Here, change is reflected in both components. Whenever you make changes in the Model, it will be reflected in the View and when you make changes in View, it will be reflected in Model.
This happens immediately and automatically, ensures that the HTML template and the TypeScript code are updated at all times.
Angular Databinding
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pdpbox.pdp.pdp_isolate
pdpbox.pdp.pdp_isolate(model, dataset, model_features, feature, num_grid_points=10, grid_type='percentile', percentile_range=None, grid_range=None, cust_grid_points=None, memory_limit=0.5, n_jobs=1, predict_kwds={}, data_transformer=None)
Calculate PDP isolation plot
Parameters:
model: a fitted sklearn model
dataset: pandas DataFrame
data set on which the model is trained
model_features: list or 1-d array
list of model features
feature: string or list
feature or feature list to investigate, for one-hot encoding features, feature list is required
num_grid_points: integer, optional, default=10
number of grid points for numeric feature
grid_type: string, optional, default='percentile'
'percentile' or 'equal', type of grid points for numeric feature
percentile_range: tuple or None, optional, default=None
percentile range to investigate, for numeric feature when grid_type='percentile'
grid_range: tuple or None, optional, default=None
value range to investigate, for numeric feature when grid_type='equal'
cust_grid_points: Series, 1d-array, list or None, optional, default=None
customized list of grid points for numeric feature
memory_limit: float, (0, 1)
fraction of memory to use
n_jobs: integer, default=1
number of jobs to run in parallel. make sure n_jobs=1 when you are using XGBoost model. check: 1. _URL_ 2. _URL_
predict_kwds: dict, optional, default={}
keywords to be passed to the model's predict function
data_transformer: function or None, optional, default=None
function to transform the data set as some features changing values
Returns:
pdp_isolate_out: instance of PDPIsolate


Get and set add-in metadata for an Outlook add-in
Office Add-ins
Learn to load and store custom data that only your Outlook add-in can access - through roaming settings and custom properties.
Last modified: December 16, 2015
Applies to: apps for Office | Office Add-ins | Outlook
In this article
Custom data per mailbox: roaming settings
Custom data per item in a mailbox: custom properties
Additional resources
There are two ways to manage custom data in your Outlook add-in:
 - Roaming settings, which manages custom data for a user's mailbox.
 - Custom properties, which manages custom data for an item in a user's mailbox.
Both of these give access to custom data that is only accessible by your Outlook add-in, but each method stores the data separately from the other. That is, the data stored through roaming settings is not accessible by custom properties, and vice versa. The data is stored on the server for that mailbox, and is accessible in subsequent Outlook sessions on all the form factors that the add-in supports.
You can specify data specific to a user's Exchange mailbox using the RoamingSettings object. Examples of such data include the user's personal data and preferences. Your mail add-in can access roaming settings when it roams on any device it's designed to run on (desktop, tablet, or smartphone).
Changes to this data are stored on an in-memory copy of those settings for the current Outlook session. You should explicitly save all the roaming settings after updating them so that they will be available the next time the user opens your add-in, on the same or any other supported device.
Roaming settings format
The data in a RoamingSettings object is stored as a serialized JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) string. The following is an example of the structure, assuming there are three defined roaming settings named add-in_setting_name_0, add-in_setting_name_1, and add-in_setting_name_2.
{
 "add-in_setting_name_0":"add-in_setting_value_0",
 "add-in_setting_name_1":"add-in_setting_value_1",
 "add-in_setting_name_2":"add-in_setting_value_2"
}
Loading roaming settings
A mail add-in typically loads roaming settings in the Office.initialize event handler. The following JavaScript code example shows how to load existing roaming settings and get the values of 2 settings, "customerName" and "customerBalance":
var _mailbox;
var _settings;
var _customerName;
var _customerBalance;
// The initialize function is required for all add-ins.
Office.initialize = function () {
 // Initialize instance variables to access API objects.
 _mailbox = Office.context.mailbox;
 _settings = Office.context.roamingSettings;
 _customerName = _settings.get("customerName");
 _customerBalance = _settings.get("customerBalance");
}
Creating or assigning a roaming setting
Continuing with the preceding example, the following JavaScript function, setAddInSetting, shows how to use the RoamingSettings.set method to set a setting named cookie with today's date, and persist the data by using the RoamingSettings.saveAsync method to save all the roaming settings back to the server. The set method creates the setting if the setting does not already exist, and assigns the setting to the specified value. The saveAsync method saves roaming settings asynchronously. This code sample passes a callback method, saveMyAddInSettingsCallback, to saveAsync. When the asynchronous call finishes, saveMyAddInSettingsCallback is called by using one parameter, asyncResult. This parameter is an AsyncResult object that contains the result of and any details about the asynchronous call. You can use the optional userContext parameter to pass any state information from the asynchronous call to the callback function.
// Set a roaming setting.
function setAddInSetting() {
 _settings.set("cookie", Date());
 // Save roaming settings for the mailbox
 // to the server so that they will be available
 // in the next session.
 _settings.saveAsync(saveMyAddInSettingsCallback);
}
// Callback method after saving custom roaming settings.
function saveMyAddInSettingsCallback(asyncResult) {
 if (asyncResult.status == Office.AsyncResultStatus.Failed) {
 // Handle the failure.
 }
}
Removing a roaming setting
Also extending the preceding examples, the following JavaScript function, removeAddInSetting, shows how to use the RoamingSettings.remove method to remove the cookie setting and save all the roaming settings back to the Exchange Server.
// Remove an add-in setting.
function removeAddInSetting()
{
 _settings.remove("cookie");
 // Save changes to the roaming settings for the mailbox
 // to the server so that they will be available
 // in the next session.
 _settings.saveAsync(saveMyAddInSettingsCallback);
}
You can specify data specific to an item in the user's mailbox using the CustomProperties object. For example, your mail add-in could categorize certain messages and note the category using a custom property messageCategory. Or, if your mail add-in creates appointments from meeting suggestions in a message, you can use a custom property to track each of these appointments. This ensures that if the user opens the message again, your mail add-in does not offer to create the appointment a second time.
Similar to roaming settings, changes to custom properties are stored on in-memory copies of the properties for the current Outlook session. To make sure these custom properties will be available in the next session, save all the custom properties to the server.
These add-in-specific, item-specific custom properties can only be accessed by using the CustomProperties object. These properties are different from the custom, MAPI-based, UserProperties in the Outlook object model, and extended properties in Exchange Web Services (EWS). You cannot access CustomProperties by using the Outlook object model or EWS.
However, a mail add-in can get MAPI-based extended properties by using the EWS GetItem operation. Access GetItem on the server side by using a callback token, or on the client side by using the mailbox.makeEwsRequestAsync method. In the GetItem request, specify the custom extended properties you need in a property set. A mail add-in can also use makeEwsRequestAsync and EWS CreateItem and UpdateItem operations to create and modify extended properties.
For more information about MAPI properties, Outlook UserProperties, EWS extended properties, using the callback token mechanism and makeEwsRequestAsync, see the _URL_ section.
Using custom properties
Before you can use custom properties, you must load them by calling the loadCustomPropertiesAsync method. If any custom properties are already set for the current item, they are loaded from the Exchanger server at this point. After you have created the property bag, you can use the set and get methods to add and retrieve custom properties. To save any changes that you make to the property bag, you must use the saveAsync method to persist the changes on the Exchange server.
Note Note
Because Outlook for Mac doesn't cache custom properties, if the user's network goes down, mail add-ins in Outlook for Mac would not be able to access their custom properties.
Custom properties example
The following example shows a simplified set of methods for an Outlook add-in that uses custom properties. You can use this example as a starting point for your add-in that uses custom properties.
This example includes the following methods:
 - Office.initialize — Initializes the add-in and loads the custom property bag from the Exchange server.
 - customPropsCallback — Gets the custom property bag that is returned from the server and saves it for later use.
 - updateProperty — Sets or updates a specific property, and then saves the change to the server.
 - removeProperty — Removes a specific property from the property bag, and then saves the removal to the server.
var _mailbox;
var _customProps;
// The initialize function is required for all add-ins.
Office.initialize = function () {
 _mailbox = Office.context.mailbox;
 _mailbox.item.loadCustomPropertiesAsync(customPropsCallback);
}
// Callback function from loading custom properties.
function customPropsCallback(asyncResult) {
 if (asyncResult.status == Office.AsyncResultStatus.Failed) {
 // Handle the failure.
 }
 else {
 // Successfully loaded custom properties,
 // can get them from the asyncResult argument.
 _customProps = asyncResult.value;
 }
}
// Get individual custom property.
function getProperty() {
 var myProp = custom


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Tinkering with Zinc
Scientists have made air-stable compounds that should not be stable in air. Custom-designed carbon chains bonded to zinc control the rate and selectivity of reactions with oxygen and lead to the formation of novel stable zinc peroxides. New metal peroxides are desirable because they are highly effective oxidants that are useful for a variety of chemical transformations. Most metal peroxides are made using transition metals and lack the stability necessary to directly study their role in important catalytic industrial processes. Zinc is not a transition metal, but some of its properties are similar to those of transition metals, and this was crucial to the discovery. Common transition metal peroxide decomposition pathways are blocked when zinc is used. Zinc—oxygen and oxygen—oxygen bond cleavage, for example, are not fast whereas they are if transition metals are used. The lack of decomposition pathways make these zinc peroxides remarkably robust compounds. And, zinc has the added benefit of being inexpensive. These new air-stable organozinc compounds may be useful for a variety of catalytic conversions and also provide new routes to metal alkylperoxides.
Highlight Date:
Friday, May 3, 2013
Article Title:
Remarkably Robust Monomeric Alkylperoxyzinc Compounds from Tris(oxazolinyl)boratozinc Alkyls and O2
Author(s):
D. Mukherjee, A. Ellern, and A. D. Sadow
Article Link:
Journal Name:
Journal of the American Chemical Society
Volume:
134
Year:
2012
Page Number(s):
13018


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VABS
Vector Absolute
Syntax
VABS{cond}.datatype Qd, Qm
VABS{cond}.datatype Dd, Dm
where:
cond
is an optional condition code.
datatype
must be one of S8, S16, S32, or F32.
Qd, Qm
are the destination vector and the operand vector, for a quadword operation.
Dd, Dm
are the destination vector and the operand vector, for a doubleword operation.
Operation
VABS takes the absolute value of each element in a vector, and places the results in a second vector. (The floating-point version only clears the sign bit.)
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text:
Fatty food imports, such as mutton flaps and turkey tails – waste products from affluent countries – are a cause of obesity in the Pacific and have been criticised in the NZ Medical Journal.
Report – By Rose Rees-Owen
Alma Hayes returned from her two-week holiday in Samoa, refreshed and rejuvenated. She talks of beautiful sunsets on tranquil beaches and delicious and fresh produce.
"You can't get much fresher than going out to the banana tree and whacking off a bunch for breakfast," she says. However, Hayes stayed in fales with breakfast and dinner included.
There is a paradox between what tourists such as Hayes experience and what many local Samoans eat – supermarkets and markets in Samoa frequently sell imported fatty, mutton flaps, turkey tails and unsafe to eat eggs.
An article titled "New Zealand's impact on health in the South Pacific: Scope for improvement?" in the New Zealand Medical Journal has warned "excess consumption of imported food, especially imported fatty meats, has a causative relationship with endemic obesity in the Pacific".
According to Islands Business, the most relevant survey on obesity in Samoa was done by STEP in 2002, and claims that 85.2 percent of the population in Samoa is obese.
The magazine also cites figures saying that 81.1 percent of men are obese or overweight and 89.8 percent of women are obese or overweight.
Critics condemn "clean, green" New Zealand for contributing to these statistics.
Mutton flaps are fatty scraps of sheep meat. They contain 27.4 gm of fat per 100 gm and New Zealand is a major exporter.
The Medical Journal article says: "From July 2006 to July 2007, NZ$73 million of sheep meat was exported to the Pacific Islands, constituting New Zealand's largest export good to the Pacific."
Co-author of the article in the NZ Medical Journal and associate public health professor at the University of Otago, Dr Nick Wilson, wrote: "I think it is really disgraceful for a wealthy country like New Zealand to export such unhealthy food.
"What is the point of giving Pacific countries development assistance on one hand – and then spreading heart disease epidemics via our hazardous exports on the other."
Another fatty meat regularly sold in Samoa is turkey tails.
They are imported from the United States of America and contain an even higher fat content than mutton flaps.
"Turkey tails top the fat content chart with 32 grams of fat per 100 grams," reports Islands Business.
Jason Garman, media and communications adviser for Oxfam New Zealand, says turkey tails have poor nutritional values.
"They are the fattiest part of the turkey. Most Americans don't even know they exist and wouldn't consider eating them."
So why are Samoans and the wider Pacific allowing these nutrition imports?
Dr Roman Grynberg, a Pacific authority on trade, says the reason is simple – many Pacific Islanders are poor "and these foods are cheap".
"Local healthy foods such as fresh fish, vegetables and root crops are much more expensive," he says.
Edwin Tamasese, a domestic egg farmer in Samoa, is saddened by the quality of eggs imported from the US.
Since March, imported eggs have been forced to put a use-by-date on their products but Tamasese laments that this has not changed much for domestic egg farmers.
"Importers are putting a 60-day sell by date on the cartons instead of the 30-day sell by date that California uses."
This means that when eggs are close to expiring in California, the US can dump them on Samoa, and recover some of their losses.
The major health risk due to the eggs being in the market place for 30 extra days is the presence of Salmonella enteritidus in American poultry.
"With the increased selling time there is a much higher probability of deadly bacteria within the eggs," says Tamasese.
The cheap, imported eggs have intruded heavily on the business of domestic egg farmers.
Tamasese says that the imported eggs have created an "uneven playing field".
The imbalance is responsible for the closure of 13 out of 15 farms on the island, and the remaining two are under severe pressure.
"Domestic producers now only supply approximately 10 – 15 per cent of the market," says Tamasese.
Documentary on diet
Mark Dolan's controversial documentary, The World's Fattest Families and Me, was broadcast recently.
Dolan journeyed to Tonga where he met Towa, 222 kg, and his daughter Sia, 133kg.
The documentary touched many when Dolan took Sia to the supermarket, and showed Sia the nutritional value in the fatty mutton flaps.
He told Sia New Zealanders did not eat this.
"This is the bit that they throw away," he said. Sia broke down in tears.
The documentary exposed that there are no food export regulations in place.
Sue Kedgely, Green Party MP and spokesperson for food, health and wellbeing, said: "New Zealand has a hands-off free trade approach to trade, and government seems to stand back and allow exporters to more or less do what they want."
Commercial interests take priority over the health of poor nations, such as Samoa.
"Trade is not neutral, it can have devastating effects on nations but trade occurs in a context where poverty in our region is endemic and power is used by our neighbours to further their own commercial interests," says Dr Grynberg.
Dr Grynberg also comments that mutton flaps would be processed into pet food in New Zealand, and by exporting the flaps cheap to the Pacific, suppliers can sell their product at a higher price to humans.
Nick Braxton, advocacy and research coordinator of Oxfam New Zealand, says the Samoan government is trying to ban turkey tails from being imported because of their poor nutritional value.
But because turkey tails are a waste product in the United States, and are generating profit, the US is opposing the ban.
The NZ Medical Journal says that Fiji banned mutton flap imports in 2000 and New Zealand responded by threatening to refer the issue to the World Trade Organisation because it goes against the policy of free trade between the two nations.
However, the threat was later dropped and the ban stands.
Dr Grynberg believes that it is an issue of giving the masses what they want, and that is the reason why the government has not taken action.
"Any Pacific Islands government that heavily taxes these products or bans them will suffer the ire of the working poor at the elections and so the issue is largely avoided." Dr Grynberg said.
Rose Rees-Owen is a Postgraduate Diploma in Communication Studies student on the Asia-Pacific Journalism course at AUT University.


text:
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