8. echo "\nProperty Value: " . $p->value . "\n\n";
 9. }
 10. }
This will create a Zend_Gdata_Gapps_OwnerFeed object which holds each member for the selected group.
Check to see if an email is the owner of a group
To check to see if an email is the owner of a group, simply call the isOwner() convenience method:
 1. $isOwner = $gdata->isOwner('_EMAIL_', 'friends');
 2. var_dump($isOwner);
The method returns a boolean value. If the email is the owner of the group specified, the method returns true, else it returns false.
Removing an owner from a group
To remove an owner from a group, call the removeOwnerFromGroup() convenience method:
 1. $gdata->removeOwnerFromGroup('_EMAIL_', 'friends');
Interacting with email lists
Email lists allow several users to retrieve email addressed to a single email address. Users do not need to be a member of this domain in order to subscribe to an email list provided their complete email address (including domain) is used.
Each email list on a domain is represented as an instance of Zend_Gdata_Gapps_EmailListEntry.
Creating an email list
Email lists can be created by calling the createEmailList() convenience method:
 1. $gdata->createEmailList('friends');
Email lists can also be created by instantiating EmailListEntry, providing a name for the list, then calling insertEmailList() on a service object to upload the entry to the server.
 1. $list = $gdata->newEmailListEntry();
 2. $list->emailList = $gdata->newEmailList('friends');
 3. $list = $gdata->insertEmailList($list);
Retrieving all email lists to which a recipient is subscribed
To retrieve all email lists to which a particular recipient is subscribed, call the retrieveEmailLists() convenience method:
 1. $feed = $gdata->retrieveEmailLists('_EMAIL_');
 2.
 3. foreach ($feed as $list) {
 4. echo ' * ' . $list->emailList->name . "\n";
 5. }
This will create a Zend_Gdata_Gapps_EmailListFeed object which holds each email list associated with the specified recipient.
Alternatively, create a new Zend_Gdata_Gapps_EmailListQuery, set its recipient property to the desired email address, and submit the query by calling getEmailListFeed() on a service object.
 1. $query = $gdata->newEmailListQuery();
 2. $query->setRecipient('_EMAIL_');
 3. $feed = $gdata->getEmailListFeed($query);
 4.
 5. foreach ($feed as $list) {
 6. echo ' * ' . $list->emailList->name . "\n";
 7. }
Retrieving all email lists in a domain
To retrieve all email lists in a domain, call the convenience method retrieveAllEmailLists().
 1. $feed = $gdata->retrieveAllEmailLists();
 2.
 3. foreach ($feed as $list) {
 4. echo ' * ' . $list->emailList->name . "\n";
 5. }
This will create a Zend_Gdata_Gapps_EmailListFeed object which holds each email list on the domain.
Alternatively, call getEmailListFeed() on a service object with no arguments.
 1. $feed = $gdata->getEmailListFeed();
 2.
 3. foreach ($feed as $list) {
 4. echo ' * ' . $list->emailList->name . "\n";
 5. }
Deleting an email list
To delete an email list, call the deleteEmailList() convenience method:
 1. $gdata->deleteEmailList('friends');
Interacting with email list recipients
Each recipient subscribed to an email list is represented by an instance of Zend_Gdata_Gapps_EmailListRecipient. Through this class, individual recipients can be added and removed from email lists.
Adding a recipient to an email list
To add a recipient to an email list, simply call the addRecipientToEmailList() convenience method:
 1. $gdata->addRecipientToEmailList('_EMAIL_', 'friends');
Retrieving the list of subscribers to an email list
The convenience method retrieveAllRecipients() can be used to retrieve the list of subscribers to an email list:
 1. $feed = $gdata->retrieveAllRecipients('friends');
 2.
 3. foreach ($feed as $recipient) {
 4. echo ' * ' . $recipient->who->email . "\n";
 5. }
Alternatively, construct a new EmailListRecipientQuery, set its emailListName property to match the desired email list, and call getEmailListRecipientFeed() on a service object.
 1. $query = $gdata->newEmailListRecipientQuery();
 2. $query->setEmailListName('friends');
 3. $feed = $gdata->getEmailListRecipientFeed($query);
 4.
 5. foreach ($feed as $recipient) {
 6. echo ' * ' . $recipient->who->email . "\n";
 7. }
This will create a Zend_Gdata_Gapps_EmailListRecipientFeed object which holds each recipient for the selected email list.
Removing a recipient from an email list
To remove a recipient from an email list, call the removeRecipientFromEmailList() convenience method:
 1. $gdata->removeRecipientFromEmailList('_EMAIL_', 'friends');
Handling errors
In addition to the standard suite of exceptions thrown by Zend_Gdata, requests using the Provisioning API may also throw a Zend_Gdata_Gapps_ServiceException. These exceptions indicate that a API specific error occurred which prevents the request from completing.
Each ServiceException instance may hold one or more Error objects. Each of these objects contains an error code, reason, and (optionally) the input which triggered the exception. A complete list of known error codes is provided in Zend Framework's API documentation under Zend_Gdata_Gapps_Error. Additionally, the authoritative error list is available online at » Google Apps Provisioning API V2.0 Reference: Appendix D.
While the complete list of errors received is available within ServiceException as an array by calling getErrors(), often it is convenient to know if one specific error occurred. For these cases the presence of an error can be determined by calling hasError().
The following example demonstrates how to detect if a requested resource doesn't exist and handle the fault gracefully:
 1. function retrieveUser ($username) {
 2. $query = $gdata->newUserQuery($username);
 3. try {
 4. $user = $gdata->getUserEntry($query);
 5. } catch (Zend_Gdata_Gapps_ServiceException $e) {
 6. // Set the user to null if not found
 7. if ($e->hasError(Zend_Gdata_Gapps_Error::ENTITY_DOES_NOT_EXIST)) {
 8. $user = null;
 9. } else {
 10. throw $e;
 11. }
 12. }
 13. return $user;
 14. }
Using Google Spreadsheets


-rank a) 2)
 (apply #'= (array-dimensions a)))) ; => EQUIDIMENSIONAL
(deftype square-matrix (&optional type size)
 '(and (array ,type (,size ,size))
 (satisfies equidimensional))) ; => SQUARE-MATRIX
Some useful types from the trivial-types package:
(deftype pathname-designator ()
 '(or string
 file-associated-stream
 pathname))
(deftype function-designator ()
 '(or symbol
 function))
(deftype string-designator ()
 '(or character
 symbol
 string))
In practice:
(declaim (ftype (function (trivial-types:pathname-designator) pathname) my-basename))
(defun my-basename (path)
 (uiop:pathname-parent-directory-pathname path))
(compile nil '(lambda () (my-basename 17)))
; in: LAMBDA ()
; (MY-BASENAME 17)
;
; note: deleting unreachable code
;
; caught WARNING:
; Constant
; 17 conflicts with its asserted type
; (OR (VECTOR CHARACTER) (VECTOR NIL) BASE-STRING
; (AND STREAM (SATISFIES TRIVIAL-TYPES:FILE-ASSOCIATED-STREAM-P)) PATHNAME).
; See also:
; The SBCL Manual, Node "Handling of Types"
;
; compilation unit finished
; caught 1 WARNING condition
; printed 1 note
Export at definition site
One of the main pain points in Common Lisp development is exporting public symbols.
Traditionally, symbols were exported from a dedicated "package" file that's loaded first. This is cumbersome and error-prone since the symbols and their exports may run out of sync.
There is an export function which can be called at definition site. Sadly, since it's a function, it won't be called at compilation time and thus will yield an error if you attempt to access the symbol from a foreign package at this point.
The trick is to force the evaluation of export at compilation time with:
(eval-when (:compile-toplevel :load-toplevel :execute)
 (export FOO))
Since this is rather lengthy, I recommend you use Serapeum's export-* macros: _URL_
Hopefully the syntax will get even more practical once issue 38 is resolved.
Documentation
Contextual documentation is part of the Common Lisp standard, the so-called "docstrings" which can be placed at the beginning of variable and function definitions.
A detail that is perhaps not so well known is that classes, slots and packages also support docstrings via the :documentation keyword. It's underused in the community and I believe we should encourage its use.
Another perk of Common Lisp is the ability to declare the types of functions, variables, class slots, etc.
So instead of adding a comment about the accepted types of a function arguments and the type of the return value, simply declaim it:
(declaim (ftype (function (number) string) number->string))
(defun number->string (n)
 ...)
This has the double benefit of documenting the argument types and the return types of your function, as well as enforcing compile-time type-checking.
Same goes with class slots:
(defclass my-compiler ()
 ((name :accessor name
 :initarg :name
 :initform ""
 :type string
 :documentation "Name of your favourite Common Lisp compiler.")
 ...))
Compilers
Common Lisp is a standard and Common Lisp compilers are legions.
Some target specific use cases.
 - ECL targets embedded development, with good interop with C.
 - ABCL is build on top of the Java virtual machine and thus has good interop with Java.
For general purpose development, the go-to compiler these days is SBCL. It is actively developed and has many benefits:
 - Probably the best gradual type checking of all Common Lisp compilers.
 - Fast compilation.
 - Fast executables.
 - Statistical profiler.
 - Coverage analysis.
Debugging and stepper
Many Common Lisp compilers offer great support for debbuging. In particular, the step macro is part of the standard.
With SBCL, you must first compile the code you want to debug with
(declaim (optimize (speed 0) (space 0) (debug 3)))
or evaluate the target expressions with C-u C-c C-c.
Then you can run
(step (foo bar))
to step through the execution of (foo bar). With SLIME / SLY, the Emacs point will follow the currently-executed expression!
Compiler warnings
To increase the level of warning detection, call
(declaim (optimize (speed 0) (space 0) (debug 3)))
before loading a system.
Also reload-ing a system might raise more warnings. You can use ,reload-system in SLIME / SLY.
More debugging tips
See this great tutorial in four parts which covers breakpoints, stepping, inspection, class redefinitions and restarts: _URL_
(Thanks to Jach for sharing.)
Deployment and executable size
The myth: Common Lisp scripts and binaries are hard to distribute; binaries are too big.
The truth: Common Lisp compilers offer a lot of flexibility.
 - If portability across compilers is not an issue, it's trivial to distribute scripts, e.g. by using the #!sbcl --script shebang.
 - It's even possible to distribute the compiled files (e.g. the .fasls) since they are executable. The exact same compiler must be present on the target machine however.
 - Binaries produced by some compilers like SBCL or CCL are rather large for a reason: they include a self-standing complete Lisp image, that is to say more or less the whole compiler plus the required libraries. The benefit: the binary does not depend on the compiler and thus the binary is extremely portable; to top it all, the user can connect a REPL to the stand-alone binary and hack the application while it's running!
 - Some compilers like ECL or CLISP can produce dynamic binaries that link against a runtime library (just like C). Those binaries tend to be very small.
 - SBCL can produce compressed executables with no noticeable impact on startup time. With compression, a hello-world binary with all of SBCL fits in some 15 MiB.
Tip: Add this to your .asd to automatically create compressed binaries with SBCL:
#+sb-core-compression
(defmethod asdf:perform ((o asdf:image-op) (c asdf:system))
 (uiop:dump-image (asdf:output-file o c) :executable t :compression t))
Guix vs. Roswell
Roswell is a Common Lisp environment manager that can install various Common Lisp compilers, deploy applications, etc.
While less popular among Common Lisp developers, I believe that Guix advantageously supersedes Roswell:
 - Guix does not distribute opaque binaries, it allows us to produce reproducible packages (which are also increasingly more bootstrappable). Thus Guix is much more trustable.
 - Guix environments can mix in any other packages, such as libraries or other programming languages. It is thus possible to create environments for complex projects dealing with multiple programming languages at the same time.
 - Guix can run environments in containers.
 - Guix can automatically "pack" a Common Lisp application with all its dependencies (including non-Lisp ones) as a tarball or a Docker image.
Take-away
I believe that Common Lisp deserves its reputation of a robust, practical, general purpose programming language. It's high time we moved on from the old myths and we fixed the few pain points that still remain.
The setup and the learning curve is still a bit steep today, but it does not have to be this way: with the right web sites, documentation and tools, I'm convinced we could boost Common Lisp accessibility and reach out to many more developers out there.
Fashions are changing and many third-party libraries allows the language to keep up with the latest trendy paradigms.
Finally, Common Lisp is a gigantic ecosystem that we never stop exploring. I believe it's important for the community to be dynamic and communicative about the evolution of the language. So don't hesitate to reach out to me, share you critics and tell me what you think about this article!
]]>
_URL_ _URL_ Tue, 25 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000
Why GNU Guix matters
Have you ever installed an application on a computer, a smartphone or your favourite smart device? Can you trust that it does its job instead of doing the opposite of what it displays on screen or, worse, compromise your data and your private life?
How can you know? You might think "Let's use free and open source software!" The bad news: it's far, very far from being enough.
This is a hard and yet very real problem that hits our everyday life constantly. Consider this: the digital pictures of our


What is an Outdoor Computer?
Back to Glossary
What is an Outdoor Computer?
An outdoor computer is designed to withstand the elements—whether it is an outdoor kiosk in a national park that helps tourists or a monitoring system designed to track motorists' license plates. It is generally part of a larger system which may include a display. Many outdoor computers have NEMA 4 enclosures. NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturer's Assocation) sets standards for grades of electrical enclosures and NEMA 4 is rated as watertight. Outdoor computers must have displays that are easily visible in all lighting conditions.
Important Features for an Outdoor Computer
As an outdoor computer is required to operate 24/7, it must be extremely reliable. Many are fanless, as fans are moving parts that can break down, and are passively cooled instead. To protect against dust and water, an outdoor computer is entirely enclosed, which can cause a problem in regards to overheating. An outdoor computer is often subject to power useage limitations and thus must be able to run with less power.


Industrial and Management Systems Engineering

Date of this Version
Summer 7-26-2012
Comments
A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science, Major: Industrial & Management Systems Engineering, Under the Supervision of Professor M. Susan Hallbeck. Lincoln, Nebraska: June, 2012
Copyright (c) 2012 Adam E. de Laveaga
Abstract
Human factors and process engineering are becoming a prominent area of research and application for industrial engineering principles as healthcare providers seek to improve patient safety, quality the optimization of resources. Human factors engineering and ergonomics play a crucial role in the pursuit of operational excellence and patient safety in healthcare. These disciplines contain the tools required to develop instrumentation, technology and training that can improve the usability of medical technology and the quality of care that patients receive. Designing tasks, tools and processes for optimal human use can enhance performance, reduce errors and improve safety. This thesis encompasses three journal articles. The first paper addresses how physical ergonomics can be used to evaluate and improve skill acquisition in endotracheal intubation. Significant differences in muscle utilization and wrist postures were observed between experience levels and genders of clinicians. Differences in muscle utilization and wrist postures were found to be significantly related to instrument grasp characteristics, identifying potential ergonomic best practices. The second paper investigates the mechanical design of laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) surgical ports from a human factors perspective. This study characterized the differences in resistance and range of motion afforded by each LESS port during simulated single-incision use. The resistance of each port varied significantly with respect to instrument positions. The final paper explored each LESS surgical port against standard laparoscopy by using a validated laparoscopic training task to assess the usability and performance of each device. Instrument mobility was restricted by the LESS ports, but it did not affect task performance significantly. While each device exhibited positive and negative human factors attributes for clinicians and patients, it was concluded that procedural factors rather than device familiarity should influence LESS port selection.
Advisor: M. Susan Hallbeck
Included in
Ergonomics Commons
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COinS


text:
posted by rock .
the merging of two streams to form a river. One stream has a width of 8.9 m, depth of 3.5 m, and current speed of 2.1 m/s. The other stream is 6.5 m wide and 3.7 m deep, and flows at 2.2 m/s. The width of the river is 10.7 m, and the current speed is 3.1 m/s. What is its depth?

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Trees and plants swaying to the beats of wind is a familiar sight to all of us. However, have you ever heard of an object, organism or installation that dances with the breeze, even if it's enclosed within an airtight compartment? Interactive artist David Bowen has created quite a number of such installations, dubbed as Tele-Present Wind, which mimic the swaying of the plant outside.
Consisting of 21 x/y tilting devices, the installation is connected to dried plant stalks, which are placed inside the gallery. An identical dried plant stalk connected to an accelerometer is installed outdoors. An accelerometer measures the wind force on the stalk outside and transmits the data to the stalks inside in real time. Responding to the gathered data, the indoor device starts to tilt in accord with the one outside.


Duhaime's Law Dictionary
Quid Pro Quo Definition:
Latin: something for something.
Related Terms: Contract Law, Consideration
Some American jurists have suggested that quid pro quo stands for the consideration of a contract; that it refers to the requirement that something be exchanged, flow to each of the contracting party, for there to be a valid contract.
Viz., Ballentine's Law Dictionary:
Quid pro quo: The consideration for a contract. That which is supplied by one party in consideration of that which is supplied by the other party."
As a further example of the use of the term quid pro quo in law, consider the suggestion of Canadian author Catherine McKinnnon who describes a variety of workplace sexual harassment she calls quid pro quo harassment: job benefits onditioned on availability of sex or physical contact, refusal leading to discharge, discipline or negative recommendations for promotion.
But that phrase had long become part of American law. For example, these words of Justice Holloway of the United States Court of Appeals in Hicks v Gates Rubber:
"The gravamen of a quid pro quo sexual harassment claim is that tangible job benefits are conditioned on an employee's submission to conduct of a sexual nature and that adverse job consequences result from the employee's refusal to submit to the conduct."
 - Hicks v Gates Rubber, 833 F. 2d 1406 (1987)
 - MacKinnon, Catherine, Sexual Harassment of Working Women (Toronto: Yale University Press, 1979). Referred to in Foisy c. Bell Canada, 18 D.L.R. (4th) 222 (1984, QCSC)
Categories & Topics:


text:
Subjective Wellbeing Among Adults with Diabetes: Results from Diabetes MILES—Australia
- First Online:
- Cite this article as:
- Holmes-Truscott, E., Browne, J.L., Pouwer, F. et al. J Happiness Stud (2016) 17: 1205. doi:10.1007/s10902-_PHONE_-4
- 370 Downloads
This study examines the subjective wellbeing of Australian adults with diabetes who completed the Diabetes MILES—Australia survey, investigating by diabetes type and treatment, and by comparing with the subjective wellbeing of the general Australian adult population. In addition, the extent to which depression and socio-demographic factors account for subjective wellbeing is investigated. People with type 1 or type 2 diabetes have significantly lower subjective wellbeing compared to the general population, even after controlling for covariates (demographic and socio-economic status, diabetes duration, body mass index, number of diabetes-related complications, and depression). Furthermore, adults with type 2 diabetes using insulin to manage their condition report the lowest levels of subjective wellbeing, and are also most likely to report dissatisfaction with their current health. These findings suggest that living with diabetes, and in particular, living with type 2 diabetes and using insulin, strongly challenges the maintenance of subjective wellbeing.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Advanced SearchSearch Tips
Analysis of effectiveness for a stirling machine regenerator
 Title & Authors
Analysis of effectiveness for a stirling machine regenerator
Jo, Gwan-Sik; Lee, Dae-Yeong; No, Seung-Tak;
 PDF(new window)
The effectiveness of the regenerator pertaining to Stirling cycle machines is studied by analyzing the heat transfer characteristics of the oscillating flow in a tube, and a new consistent definition of the regenerator effectiveness can be expressed by the ratio of the heat transfer in axial direction (Qaxial/) to that in transverse direction (Q/su w/), and its approximate form is obtained as a function of Nusselt number for practical utility. Since an approximate value of the ratio Qaxial//Qsub w/ can be expressed in terms of the time-averaged rather than transient temperatures, this expression is useful to estimate the heat transfer coefficient in the Stirling machine regenerator experimentally.
Stirling Cycle;Regenerator;Effectiveness;Oscillating Flow;
 Cited by


Botley House
You are here Home > Lost Historic sites > Botley House
Item image
HCC Site ID: 1770 Parish: Eastleigh
Designations: SINC, SSSI Area: 30 ha
Access: Public Access Ownership: Private
Image: HRO:TOP 37/2/2
William Cobbett bought Botley House in 1805-6. Between the purchase of the house and 1810 when he was sent to Newgate Prison, he added a grandiose portico to the house; built stables with a clock, stable yard and four tied cottages. He planted shrubberies, orchards and mature trees. In the walled garden the fruit trees were trained as espaliers; there were hot beds for melons and early vegetables. He was very much in favour of the formal garden, and not the 'picturesque'. He advocated that gravel paths should dissect his gardens and shrubberies, be four feet wide and edged with box, and that the lawn or 'grass-plat' was an essential part of the beauty of the pleasure garden. He considered a greenhouse essential, preferably built onto, and entered and viewed from, the sitting room where early spring flowers could be enjoyed.
In 1812, when he was released from Newgate prison the family rented a smaller house at Botley Hill. This property had three quarters of a mile of high walls for fruit trees, and Cobbett spent £150 on plants and trees, nectarines, peaches and vines, and employed a gardener to prune and train them. In 1817 Cobbett fled to America and Botley House was re-possessed. When he returned to England his family were in distress with debts and lawsuits. He was allowed to live in Botley House for a short while through the kindness of the mortgagee, John Tunno. In 1820, John Tunno sold
Botley House to John Jenkyns, a lawyer who owned Botley Hill. In 1831 Botley House was almost buried by the locust trees planted by Cobbett, and was demolished.
William Cobbett owned and lived at Botley House in the early part of the 19th century, during which time he had a formal garden and extensively planted the grounds with trees and shrubs, so much so that in 1831 the house was demolished due to the overgrown locust trees. During his residence at Botley Hill, he planted the extensive walls with various fruits.
Information: April 2001
English Gardener, paras 55-6
Extracts from Barbara Biddell's 'The Jolly Farmer'
Our address
Botley Historic site Click for Disclaimer & copyright
50.91366006513217, -1.2670572996466944
Comments are closed.


text:
What is Museum2you?
An environmental education program for communities across NSW on the issues of sustainability, climate change and biodiversity.
Reaching out to communities across NSW
Councils, libraries, regional museums, community groups and organisations across NSW can host a Museum2you mini exhibition to make teaching and learning about important environmental issues empowering and engaging. The Museum2you display and resource module contains useful information on environmental issues as well as practical ideas and activities to help individuals and groups facilitate change in their communities.
What you get
Each Museum2you exhibit box contains:
- information panels
- display support material
- specimens and objects
- practical activities
- education resource packs
Just a click away
Experts at your fingertips
Museum2you includes access to online discussions and video conferencing links with Australian Museum experts where communities can ask questions, gather information and participate in professional development or practical workshops.
The Museum2you website is also a great place to find useful information on sustainability, climate change and biodiversity.
Twitter and Blogs
Connect with us and join our social network. Follow Museum2you on Twitter and get updates, links, and tips about environmental topics. Check out our blogs and take part in lively discussions on issues surrounding climate change, sustainability and biodiversity or share your thoughts and feedback about Museum2you.
Isabelle Kingsley, Education Project Officer - Museum2you

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
How to Assemble a Knitting Project
There are multiple ways to attach knit pieces together. You may need to attach pieces of a sweater, for example, or attach blocks together to make a throw.
Sewing knit pieces together is the most common way to attach them. You may also crochet pieces together, or you may pick up stitches on one piece and knit the second piece directly on it. This guide is concerned with seaming and with crocheting knit pieces together.
Assembling a project has two components: placing the pieces together so they are correctly lined up, and attaching them. Patterns may give instructions on the suggested way to attach pieces together, but often will not give detailed notes on lining them up.
If you are attaching pieces that are the same size and stitch count, you can line up the stitches so they are in pairs, and then attach each stitch to its paired stitch. If you are attaching pieces that are slightly different, such as a flat piece and a curved piece, or the end of a piece to the side of another piece, you may want to pin the pieces together before you start so they line up neatly. Pinning pieces is also recommended for larger pieces. Pinning helps keep on side from being stretched out or the seam from being uneven.
A pattern may call for a particular method of attaching pieces together, or it may just say to attach them or to sew them. Use whichever method you are comfortable with and that gives you a seam you are happy with. Seams are generally designed to be invisible or unobtrusive. Using the same color yarn as the project is made in will help the seam to be invisible. Generally projects are sewn together using the same yarn they were made with. If a yarn is very bulky or textured, use a finer, smooth yarn in a matching color to attach them.
The Mattress Stitch is a very common stitch for joining seams. (Read the guide.)The whipstitch is another common stitch, although it may be more noticeable. The Kitchener Stitch (grafting) is used to join the toe of a sock to avoid a seam. (Read the guide.)
Below: LW4245 Bashful Bear Hat Free Knitting Pattern


text:
Xcel Energy and ITC Midwest applied to the Minnesota Public Utilities Commission for a certificate of need and route permit for a proposed 345 kV transmission line running from the Huntley substation near Winnebago to the Wilmarth substation in Mankato.
As a third-party consultant for the Minnesota Department of Commerce, Barr prepared a draft Environmental Impact Statement that guided the state's route selection process for the proposed powerline. The EIS included evaluation of five route alternatives, 19 route-segment alternatives, and three alignment alternatives. Assessing the alternatives required conducting a technical review of a range of complex issues involving human-health impacts, property values, socioeconomic concerns, wetlands, wildlife, and threatened and endangered species.
To assist the public and regulators in comparing routes and understanding the advantages and drawbacks of each, Barr made extensive use of GIS technology. We developed a resource-data-analysis plan listing more than 100 spatial data sets, and then used GIS tools and custom Python scripts to quantify natural resources in and near the corridors being considered. The resulting graphics-based EIS featured multiple GIS maps and figures highlighting the issues most critical to routing.
The final EIS was made available in April 2019, and the route permit was issued by the PUC four months later. Construction began in spring 2020; the line is slated to begin delivering electricity by the end of 2021.


Why Choose Black And White Photography
We see and live in a world full of colors. That is how we have evolved and it is naturally, the world that we know. There are different schools of thought when it comes to black and white photography. Some individuals believe that this was a technical limitation of the past and people need to get over it.
While others still believe that it is still an inventive choice that needs to even be reconnoitered in great depths. As the camera technology evolves, with more emphasis being placed on improved colors, why would one choose to shoot or process their images in black and white?
In this article, we take a look at the top reason why you might consider shooting, processing or converting your images to black and white.
1. Black and white helps you see differently
In the old adage, the photographers took shots in black and white, because they had no choice. However, even with the Kodachrome that introduced the world to color, there is still pursuance of black and white photos. This is due to the fact that black and white was and still is being seen as photography in its purest form. Whenever color is removed from the equation of an image, the emphasis shifts to the compositional element of the photo.
These factors include shape, lines, texture, tones, and contrasts. With this in mind, it is obvious that not all pictures will translate to black and white, thus as a photographer, you will have to deduce something else to work with besides the color. Most of the time, black and white assist you develop a different perspective from what you are used to seeing. This helps nurture your photographic eye.
2. Eliminates distractions
Human beings are set to view the world in color and there is absolutely nothing wrong with that. At times, this contributes to other elements that might be lost. Some of the elements that are required in photography include texture, lighting, form, and shape.
When you take a shot in black and white, your challenge yourself to remove all the distractions of color. These include color cats and the difference in color temperature, and strong colorful elements that might reside on the background of the image.
Monochromic imagery always forces photographers to focus on shape, form, and texture while composing the image. With black and white photography, the distractions are removed and the colors are translated to gray that add to the image.
3. Offers Creative Choice
Since the world is obsessed with color, it is always safe to say the color depicts reality, hence the black and white photography is depicted as a rendition of reality.
When color is removed from an image, you not only isolate the different elements but also be compelled to find how they relate to each other. Therefore, it helps you to explore and create a different way of telling a story.
4. Adds mood and emotion
The variance tonal ranges or rich black and deep contrasts always appeal human psychologically. It helps create the connection that makes one stop and pay attention to whatever is being presented. Most photographers use black and white in storytelling, especially in street photography. In some genres, monochrome connects, strengthens and enhances mood and emotion.


text:
Definitions of why
adv. - For what cause, reason, or purpose; on what account; wherefore; -- used interrogatively. See the Note under What, pron., 1. 2
adv. - For which; on account of which; -- used relatively. 2
adv. - The reason or cause for which; that on account of which; on what account; as, I know not why he left town so suddenly; -- used as a compound relative. 2
n. - A young heifer. 2
The word "why" uses 3 letters: H W Y.
No direct anagrams for why found in this word list.
All words formed from why by changing one letter
Browse words starting with why by next letter


Learning from the elders
The peculiar program of the Grand École du Droit (GED) encourages its students to choose at an early stage the legal field they want to study later on. Indeed, once we come back from our LLM year, we have to apply for our « Masters 2 », which mean that it's necessary for us to know very early what we appreciate or not.
However, when you're a second-year law school student, it's quite difficult to determine which legal area is interesting or not. Being a GED student means living in the fast lane (_URL_ it also means taking important decisions before other students, and this can become confusing.
Fortunately, being a GED student implies benefiting from a cooperation spirit and from an alumni network, which often facilitate our lives. Concerned about our worries and academic guidance, several former GED students came to advise us! Some are still studying (masters 2, bar school …), others have already begun their career, but all of them have endured these 3 years as GED students and lived an LLM experience. Through short meetings of an hour with the current GED students (GED 1, 2 & 3), each of them presented their academic background and the courses that composed their LLM as well as their masters 2. Lire la suite
My internship at Eversheds
Lire la suite


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Private MD News
| General Wellness
Scientists recommend increase to RDA of vitamin C
Updated: 2012-07-17 13:07:54 CST Category: General Wellness
Researchers from Oregon State University suggest that the recommended daily allowance (RDA) for vitamin C needs to be higher than current guidelines. This conclusion may be relevant to individuals who are identified as deficient in this nutrient by a lab test.
"Significant numbers of people in the U.S. and around the world are deficient in vitamin C, and there's growing evidence that more of this vitamin could help prevent chronic disease," said researcher Balz Frei, who co-authored a paper published in the Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition.
The current RDA for vitamin C is 75 milligrams for women and 90 milligrams for men. However, at these levels, up to one-third and 20 percent of people are marginally and severely deficient in this nutrient, respectively. High-risk populations include smokers, college students and the elderly.
Signs of a marginal vitamin C deficiency include malaise and lethargy, according to the researchers. They recommend increasing the RDA to 200 milligrams. According to their reviews of the preexisting literature, higher levels of vitamin C are associated with optimal blood pressure, better immune function and reductions in the risk of inflammatory conditions.
In the meantime, individuals who are worried about whether they are consuming enough vitamin C may benefit from a lab test.
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Thursday, February 23, 2017
Etymology "Red Neck"
Etymology: The study of the origins of words.
On the hunt
From Wikipedia
The term redneck is a derogatory term chiefly used for a rural poor white person of the Southern United States. Its usage is similar in meaning to cracker, hillbilly (especially regarding Appalachia and the Ozarks), and white trash
"Hold my beer?" What kind of idijiot do you think I am? Nobody holds MY beer but me.
Well, that is their story.
But consider that English has many words of Germanic origin via its Saxon roots.
Have you every heard of "Reineke"? Sounds a bit like Red Neck, doesn't it? the main character in a literary cycle of allegorical Dutch, English, French and German fables. Those stories are largely concerned with (Reineke), an anthropomorphic red fox and trickster figure. His adventures usually involve him deceiving other anthropomorphic animals for his own advantage or trying to avoid retaliations from them. His main enemy and victim across the cycle is his uncle, the wolf Isengrim (or Ysengrim). While the character of (Reineke) appears in later works, the core stories were written during the Middle Ages by multiple authors and are often seen as parodies of medieval literature such as courtly love stories and chansons de geste, as well as a satire of political and religious institutions.
So what we have here predates the Br'er Rabbit stories. The humor is rich....White man's Rednecky is a fox. Black Man's Br'er is a rabbit. The same character and many of the same stories.
The etymology of the word "Rednecky" itself, as I like to think of him, is old German for "made hard by the gods" or "denoting someone who is wise, clever, or resourceful" depending on the authority you prefer. Both work for me. Both describe most of the "Red Necks" I know.
Those who would reject it on the basis that "there is no evidence" cannot present evidence that it is not true. In fact, there IS evidence that my etymology is the true origin. If you doubt it, reread the last paragraph and consider that some of the Br'er Rabbit stories sound much like the Red Necky stories told by slave owners. As the fox is to the wolf, the rabbit is to the fox.
 1. Actually the first use of the term redneck was after the mining strikes in West Virginia where the rebel miners wore red scarves around their necks so the other fight would know who was on their side.
 2. And here I thought it was all about (Very) white Scot Irish immigrants getting sunburned necks working outside every day.
 Actually still think it's that.
 1. That is the version that was shared with me.
 My reaction, at the time, was that everybody who works outside in the sun on a regular basis wears hats. Even those swarthy, migrant laborers in not-so-sunny Michigan wear hats out in the onion fields.
 You would have to be very, very stupid, or very, very poor to not wear a hat when everybody else was wearing one.


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By Dorie Turner, Associated Press
ATLANTA Four-year-old Bernas isn't the computer wizard his mom is, but he's learning. Just the other day he used his lips and feet to play a game on the touch-screen monitor as his mom, Madu, swung from vines and climbed trees. The two Sumatran orangutans at Zoo Atlanta are playing computer games while researchers study the cognitive skills of the orange and brown primates.
The best part? Zoo visitors get to watch their every move.
The orangutans use a touch screen built into a tree-like structure that blend in with their zoo habitat. Visitors watch from a video monitor in front of the exhibit.
"That's so cool," Jeri McCarthy told her three daughters as Bernas drew a red, blue and yellow picture on the screen. "He can't get enough!"
Zoo officials hope the exhibit will raise awareness of the rapidly diminishing wild orangutan population, which is on track to completely disappear in the next decade, and potentially provide keys to their survival.
"The more we understand about orangutan's cognitive processes, the more we'll understand about what they need to survive in the wild," said Tara Stoinski, manager of conservation partnerships for the zoo. "It enables us to show the public how smart they are."
In one game, orangutans choose identical photographs or match orangutan sounds with photos of the animals — correct answers are rewarded with food pellets. Another game lets them draw pictures by moving their hands and other body parts around the screen. Printouts of their masterpieces are on display in the zoo.
The computer games, which volunteers from IBM spent nearly 500 hours developing, test the animals' memory, reasoning and learning, spitting out sheets of data for researchers at the zoo and Atlanta's Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, a partner in the project.
The data will help researchers learn about socializing patterns, such as whether they mimic others or learn behavior from scratch through trial and error, said Elliott Albers with the Center for Behavioral Neuroscience.
Researchers hope the data can point to new conservation strategies to help the 37,000 orangutans living in the wild on the Indonesian islands of Borneo and Sumatra.
"Hopefully we can get the animals to find better sources of food more easily," Albers said.
The National Zoo in Washington, D.C., and Lincoln Park Zoo in Chicago are also conducting such orangutan research. Visitors can also watch the animals use computers at the National Zoo, Stoinski said.
Copyright 2007 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
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The City of Talisay used to be an Agustinian estate in 1648 but only became a municipality in 1849 with Silverio Fernandez as its first gobernadorcillo and Pedro Labuca as capitan. Some accounts trace the origin of its name from Magtalisay trees abounding in areas while others claim origin of the name from a town in Spain. In both the American and Japanese occupations, Talisay served as haven of colonial forces. During World War II, the city served as the center of guerilla intelligence operations for the Philippine residence movement in Cebu. The returning American forces made their historic landing in the beach of Talisay on March 26, 1945 - an event that marked the eventual surrender of the Japanese forces in Cebu. The event is now annually commemorated by the provincial government of Cebu. On December 30 2000, Talisay became a component city by virtue of Republic Act 8979.
To promote and sustain environmental balance, economic stability and social equity for the welfare of its empowered citizenry
An environmentally sustainable Aqua City with a happy empowered citizenry working towards a peaceful and progressive community in a diversified economy guided by dynamic and efficient local leadership.


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Let $f(x,y)=0$ and $g(x,y)=0$ be bivariate polynomial equations where the polynomials have the same degree, say, $N\geq 3$. Furthermore, both of them have the same terms but different coefficients. For example, $f(x,y) = a_1x^2y^3 + a_2xy^2 + a_3$ and $g(x,y) = b_1x^2y^3 + b_2xy^2 + b_3$. How may common roots of $f(x,y)=0$ and $g(x,y)=0$ are there? I am not interested in finding the common roots but the number. Can Bézout's Theorem help?
Thanks a lot.
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Bezout's theorem would imply that if $f,g$ had no common factors, then the number of common roots is at most $N^2$. – Mohan May 22 '13 at 17:21
And the resultant $R(f,g)$ would decide if $f$ and $g$ had any common roots at all (in an extension field). Are the polynomials over a field? – Dietrich Burde May 22 '13 at 18:37
Hm, what if you compute the Gröbner basis for such varieties? Do you get anything interesting? (This would be quite nice to experiment with a bit, to get some feeling for the problem). – Per Alexandersson May 22 '13 at 20:03
Since you fix the terms, the Bernstein-Kushnirenko theorem (or Bernstein-Khovanskii-Kushnirenko) would be more precise than Bezout's theorem. – quim May 22 '13 at 20:08
I don't think much mathematical background is needed. The $\Delta_i$ is just the convex hull of the set of exponents of the terms involved in the $p_i$, inside $\mathbb{R}^2$, so in your case they are both equal to the triangle with vertices (2,3), (1,2), (0,0). The coefficients don't matter. Vol denotes "mixed volume" but I think that when all $\Delta_i$ are equal, this is just ordinary volume. Have a look at arXiv:0812.4688. BTW, just as Bezout, this only gives an upper bound on the number of solutions, which is the exact number if the coefficients are "general enough". – quim May 23 '13 at 8:58
1 Answer 1
I reread the previous posts. The answers are very interesting but the question is really hilarious. When we have the same terms in each equation (with different coefficients in a field $K$) then the problem is essentially a linear one. For instance, here, we obtain (generically) a sole solution in $K$ for $x^2y^3,xy^2$. Then a value for $x^2y^4$, then a value for $y$, then a value for $x$.
The moral of the story is that some trivial matters can lead to exciting discussions and take time before downgrading certain issues to stackexchange!
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The problem is linear only in the sense that finding the roots of the characteristic polynomial of a matrix is linear (that is, not at all). – S. Carnahan Sep 21 '13 at 13:11
Dear Carnahan, I don't understand one word you write. We have a linear system of $2$ equations in the $2$ unknowns $x^uy^v,x^ry^s$. Then we obtain (generically) one solution in $K$ ($x^uy^v=?,x^ry^s=?$). We deduce easily (according to the values of $u,v,r,s$) the solutions in $x,y$, using $p^{th}$ roots. Can you solve a characteristic polynomial with radicals? – loup blanc Sep 21 '13 at 14:02
Moreover, and it is funny, the second part of the calculation is essentially: solving a linear system in $log(x),log(y)$.:) – loup blanc Sep 21 '13 at 14:50
Given the statement of the problem, you always get two linear equations. If there are more terms in the polynomials $f$ and $g$, you will get more unknowns. Your method only seems to work when you have 2 unknowns. – S. Carnahan Sep 21 '13 at 14:52
Your Answer


ABSTRACT
This chapter reviews and discusses the main methods currently used to improve thermal power plant boiler efficiency. Using Neural Networks (NN), model predictive control, and direct search technologies, NeuCo's CombustionOpt can determine the optimal fuel type and air set points for the specific goals and constraints and then make the necessary adjustments to fuel and air variables in real time. NN-based optimization technologies have been applied in United States power plant optimization demonstration projects to improve the fossil fuel power plant combustion process. Although NN-based technologies are employed to successfully solve problems in the power-generation industry, some problems still seriously impair the efficiency of heat transfer, degrading the performance of the boiler in a power plant. The NN algorithm learns the relationships between operating conditions, emissions, and performance parameters by training process and develops a highly complex nonlinear function which maps the system inputs to the corresponding outputs. The chapter also discusses existing thermal power plant efficiency problems.


text:
Yu, L.; Snapp, R. R.; Ruiz, T. & Radermacher, M. Probabilistic principal component analysis with expectation maximization (PPCA-EM) facilitates volume classification and estimates the missing data. Journal of structural biology, 2010 , 171 , 18-30
We have developed a new method for classifying 3D reconstructions with missing data obtained by electron microscopy techniques. The method is based on principal component analysis (PCA) combined with expectation maximization. The missing data, together with the principal components, are treated as hidden variables that are estimated by maximizing a likelihood function. PCA in 3D is similar to PCA for 2D image analysis. A lower dimensional subspace of significant features is selected, into which the data are projected, and if desired, subsequently classified. In addition, our new algorithm estimates the missing data for each individual volume within the lower dimensional subspace. Application to both a large model data set and cryo-electron microscopy experimental data demonstrates the good performance of the algorithm and illustrates its potential for studying macromolecular assemblies with continuous conformational variations.


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How to: Add a Hyperlink to a URL (Reporting Services)
Add a hyperlink to a URL when you want your users to be able to click a link in a report and open a browser to the URL you specify. You must ensure that the user has access to the URL that you provide.
You can also specify URLs to reports on any report server that you and your users have permission to view using URL requests to the report server. For example, you can specify a report and hide the document map for the user when they first view the report. For more information, see URL Access.
You can add a hyperlink to a URL to any item that has an Action property, for example, a text box, an image, or a calculated series in a chart. For more information, see the Action page topics in Report Designer F1 Help.
To add a hyperlink
 1. In Design view, right-click the text box, image, or chart to which you want to add a link and then click Properties.
 2. In the Properties dialog box, click Action.
 3. Select Go to URL. An additional section appears in the dialog box for this option.
 4. In Select URL, type or select a URL or an expression that evaluates to a URL.
 5. Click OK.
 6. To test the link, run the report and click the report item that you set this link on. For text boxes, it is helpful to change the color and effect of the text to indicate that the text is a link. For example, change the color to blue and the effect to underline by setting the corresponding Font properties in the Text Box Properties dialog box.
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© 2016 Microsoft


, Volume 18, Issue 3 Supplement, pp 305-311
Date: 01 Apr 2009
Benchmarking with Spine Tango: potentials and pitfalls
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The newly released online statistics function of Spine Tango allows comparison of own data against the aggregated results of the data pool that all other participants generate. This comparison can be considered a very simple way of benchmarking, which means that the quality of what one organization does is compared with other similar organizations. The goal is to make changes towards better practice if benchmarking shows inferior results compared with the pool. There are, however, pitfalls in this simplified way of comparing data that can result in confounding. This means that important influential factors can make results appear better or worse than they are in reality and these factors can only be identified and neutralized in a multiple regression analysis performed by a statistical expert. Comparing input variables, confounding is less of a problem than comparing outcome variables. Therefore, the potentials and limitations of automated online comparisons need to be considered when interpreting the results of the benchmarking procedure.


text:
Connection to the TCE
Once built on top of a UCI implementation, a subnet connects to the TCE to start interacting with other subnets in the ecosystem. The TCE node discovery mechanism is based on hardcoded DNS seeds which serve dynamic lists of TCE node IP addresses.
Upon connecting to TCE nodes, a subnet registers itself with the TCE. The subnet registration consists in the submission of a registration certificate, a certificate that includes the initial state of the subnet—relatively to its lifetime in the TCE—and its long-lived public key (for certificate authentication). The initial state is stored by TCE nodes to validate subsequent state transitions, while both TCE nodes and subnets save the long-lived public key to authenticate future certificates.
Interactions with other subnets
Once known to the rest of the Topos ecosystem, a subnet can start interacting with other subnets, i.e., exchanging cross-subnet transactions, by submitting certificates that comply with the specifications defined in the UCI.


text:
FIGURE A2.1. (a) Daily amplitudes of the Arctic
Oscillation (AO) the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the
Pacific-North American (PNA) pattern. The pattern amplitudes for the
AO, (NAO, PNA) are calculated by projecting the daily 1000-hPa
(500-hPa) height anomaly field onto the leading EOF obtained from
standardized timeseries of daily 1000-hPa (500-hPa) height for all
months of the year. The base period is 1979–2000.
(b-d) Northern Hemisphere mean and anomalous
500-hPa geopotential height (CDAS/Reanalysis) for selected periods
during the month are shown in the remaining 3 panels. Mean heights
are denoted by solid contours drawn at an interval of 8 dam. Dark
(light) shading corresponds to anomalies greater than 50 m (less
than -50 m). Anomalies are calculated as departures from the 1979–95
base period daily means.


text:
In optical imaging, the resolution of the imaging system is not only limited by the aperture and imperfection of the lens, but also by the CCD nonzero pixel size and separation between the two consecutive pixels. We deal only with the geometric superresolution and assume that the size of the CCD pixels is much smaller in comparison with the separation between the pixels. The separation between the pixels limits the resolution of the CCD camera. Our object is to address this problem. In the proposal, we focus on exceeding the geometric resolution with a new approach in which no moving element of the imaging system is used, but only a mask is placed at the Fourier transform plane. This mask encodes the input data. The encoded image is captured by the CCD. The captured image is then Fourier transformed and a decoding mask is used to nullify the effect of undersampling by the CCD. Mathematical modeling and simulation in one dimension are presented.
© 2010 Optical Society of America
Original Manuscript: January 5, 2010
Revised Manuscript: April 14, 2010
Manuscript Accepted: April 18, 2010
Published: May 21, 2010
Vol. 5, Iss. 10 Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics
Mohammad Sohail and Asloob A. Mudassar, "Geometric superresolution by using an optical mask," Appl. Opt. 49, 3000-3005 (2010)


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Date of Award
Social phobia -- Effect of interpersonal electronic surveillance on, Online social networks, Social media, Internet -- Social aspects, Electronic surveillance
The advent of social media has created a new type of information seeking to reduce uncertainty: extractive information seeking, which refers to when people seek information about their target by perusing their online social media profiles. The social compensation hypothesis suggests that those who suffer from social anxiety in face-to-face contexts might use a computer-mediated communication context (such as Facebook) to mitigate their face-to-face anxiety. The goal of this study is to find a relationship between general social anxiety (GSA) and interpersonal electronic surveillance (IES), a type of extractive information seeking. Results from this study indicate that while there is a positive relationship between general social anxiety and extractive information seeking, the relationship was not statistically significant. Due to finding non-significant results, implications for future research should follow up on the possibility that extractive information seeking has become normative to the point that social anxiety no longer mediates extractive information seeking.
Rasmussen, Jordan J., "Relationship Between Social Anxiety & Facebook Surveillance" (2017). University Honors Theses. Paper 448.


Spores (mammals)
Datei-Download
 - ELSA-20 Megafauna Data
 - ELSA-20 Megafauna Data Smoothed
 - ELSA-20 Megaherbivore Presence of GI 10 – 8
Spores from various fungi are regularly observed during the pollen analysis. We observe about 20 different taxa, but count regularly only the spores from Sporormiella and Sordaria, and other less common coprophilous taxa. These two fungi genera cover the fecal remains of large herbivores, from modern cattle and sheep to reindeer, deer, bison, horse up to the glacial megafauna like mammoth. It is impossible to determine the mammals that produced the dung, but many spores of Sordaria and Sporormiella indicate the presence of large herds of mammals. If Sordaria and Sporormiella reach more than 2.5% of the total pollen number, they are regarded to document the presence of megafauna.
It is difficult to apply this relation to the ELSA-20-Stack data, because pollen are dissolved during the entire last glacial maximum, but also many of the stadials. Thus, we use the absolute number of Sordaria and Sporormiella relative to our internal standard and define the presence of megafauna if more than 2 Sordaria or 2 Sporormiella spores have been found in a sample with no pollen preservation.
According to this approach we observe presence of megafauna during the tundra times, but also during the LGM. The most pronounced maximum of Sporormiella is found after 14,700 yr b2k, when the climate warmed and late glacial humans are known from archeological excavations to have hunt mainly reindeer in the larger Eifel region. The influence of volcanism, dust, paleotemperature, vegetation type on the presence/absence of the megafauna will be presented in an upcoming paper.
Spores
Spores-related Papers
Britzius, S., Sirocko, F. (2023). Vegetation Dynamics and Megaherbivore Presence of MIS 3 Stadials and Interstadials 10–8 Obtained from a Sediment Core from Auel Infilled Maar, Eifel, Germany. Quaternary 6, 44. doi: 10.3390/quat6030044
Sirocko, F., Albert, J., Britzius, S., Dreher, F., Martínez-García, A., Dosseto, A., Burger, J., Terberger, T., Haug, G. (2022). Thresholds for the presence of glacial megafauna in central Europe during the last 60,000 years. Scientific Reports, 12(1): 20055. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-22464-x


text:
Free Search (1444 videos)
IML-1: International Microgravity Laboratory
- Title IML-1: International Microgravity Laboratory
- Released 01/01/1992
- Length 00:16:05
- Language English
- Footage Type Documentary
A 16:07 minute description of Space Lab, the world's first reusable space laboratory built in Europe and launched in December 1983 and the international collaborative project IML, the International Microgravity Laboratory. Through interviews with ESA astronaut Ulf Merbold and ESA Project Scientist Claude Brillouet the video explains what microgravity is and why it is important for research in many different scientific areas including astronomy, Earth observation, biology and human physiology. Research was also carried out in the IML on the "critical point", the transitional state of certain materials such as the moment when ice changes to water.


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The Dean Sports and Arts Facility adjoins Dean Church of England Primary in the village of Dean on the outskirts of the Lake District National Park in Cumbria. Comberton Sports & Arts promotes and hosts a varied line up of music, comedy, dance, concerts, community theatrical productions, conferences and exhibition events throughout the year. Citing the perception that the arts are for high society" and sports are for the masses" also distorts reality.
We have decades of experience working at USA summer camps Our in-depth knowledge and understanding of each camp allows us to answer internationals' questions and offer expert one-on-one-advice Summer camp is a great place for kids of all nationalities and we look forward to helping you find the right US summer camp for your family.
They also practise team sports such as volleyball, basketball, soccer and badminton. It is an exciting time for the sport of Muay Thai to gain the international recognition as one of the most effective and exciting stand-up combat sports. Sports and music teach about social interaction and following instructions among other things.
We provide the summer of a lifetime in a safe, supportive, supervised and age appropriate environment. FYI on average the smallest amount of a school's budget goes to music education and the other performing arts. Primary and Secondary specialists are employed to teach the Arts and a dedicated Arts Centre is part of the medium-term development plan.
Our mission is to enhance as many people's lives as possible through Martial Arts Training. The building comprises a sports hall and arts foyer with changing rooms, kitchen facilities, office space and reception. In 2013, the commitment to arts programming expanded, leading to a new name: the After School Sport and Arts Initiative, or ASSAI.


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I have a gen_server module that logs data to a file when a client process sends it data. What happens when two client processes send data at the same time to this module? Will the file operations conflict with each other? The erlang documentation is frustratingly unclear here.
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4 Answers 4
up vote 8 down vote accepted
Every Erlang process maintains a message queue. The process will fetch a message and handle the messages one by one.
In your example, if two clients calls the gen_server at the same time, these calls will become a message in the queue of gen_server process, and the gen_server will process these messages one by one. So no need to worry about a conflict.
But if one process has to handle too many messages from other processes, you'll need to think about the capacity of the process and optimize the design, or else it will become a bottleneck.
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Thanks! I managed to find the issue. It turned out that it wasn't a concurrency problem at all (as you indicated), but rather it was a serialization problem. I wasn't using the Erlang bitstring syntax correctly to serialize my data, and so bytes were getting lost. – quanticle May 30 '12 at 15:17
The gen_server runs in a separate process from your client process so when you do a call/cast to it you are actually sending messages to server process. All messages are placed in a processes message queue and processes handle their message one-by-one. If a message arrives while a process is busy then it is placed in the message queue. So log messages arriving concurrently will never interfere with each other as they will be processed sequentially.
This is not a property of the gen_server as such but a general property of all processes in erlang, which is why no mention of this is made in the gen_server documentation.
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gen_server just handles requests in the order that they was done, not matter they was done from one process or many.
In case of writing to log there is no reason to worry about race-conditions.
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Fortunately, the source for OTP is readily available at github, but the short answer is that gen_server runs in a loop, answering requests in order received, with no priority of one type (handle_cast, handle_call, or handle_info) over another.
Using handle_call can potentially be an issue, as the gen_server process will have to return before it can deal with the next cast/call/info in queue. For example, in a handle_call, avoid gen_server:call with self()!
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Your Answer


text:
I've heard the question a hundred times: How, oh how, do I create a form in Flash to send an email? So here's the answer, in 10 minutes or less.
For this article, I'm going to assume that you have some prior experience using ActionScript and a decent amount of experience with Flash in general. I also assume that you actually need this information (smart of me, huh?). Because we have only 10 minutes, I won't get into the server-side scripting (CFM, ASP, PHP, etc.) you would use to process an email form. But I will show you how to create the form, compile its data, and send the data out of Flash.
So, let's do it.
Launch Flash and create a new blank document. It doesn't matter whether you use Flash MX or Flash MX 2004/Flash Pro. Either version will work.
Set the Publish Settings to use Flash Player 6 or higher by using either ActionScript 1.0 or 2.0.
Set the Stage dimensions to whatever you want. Just be sure to leave enough space for five text fieldsone of which will be rather largeand a button.
Add a layer in the Timeline (so you have two) and then name them actions and assets, with the actions layer on top.
On the assets layer, create four individual lines of static text: First Name, Last Name, Email, and Message (see Figure 1).
Add four empty text fields to the Stage in a layout of your choice, and set their text field types to Input, using the menu in the Property inspector. One of the fields will be used to enter an email message, so make sure it's fairly large.
Position the Static text fields from Step 5 (First Name, Last Name, etc.) above or next to the input text fields so the user will know what is supposed to be entered into each Input field, similar to Figure 2. Leave space for a fifth text field, which you'll add in a moment.
Select the Input text field next to First Name and use the Property inspector to give it an instance name of first_name_txt. This gives you a way to identify the field in the ActionScript you'll write in the next section.
Name the other input text fields last_name_txt, email_txt, and message_txt.
Create a Dynamic text field, position it, and give it the instance name status_txt. This field will be used to notify the user if the form is incomplete and can't be sent.
Create a new Button symbol and design yourself a Send button. I used the word Send and changed the color of the text for the Over state (if using plain text for the button, be sure to add a rectangle into the Hit state for the button that covers the entire word). Return to Scene 1 when you're done.
Position the Send button somewhere where the user can find it (on the Stage, for example, where it can actually be used) to complete the form layout.
Snap an instance of the Scrollbar component to the right side of the largest Input text field (message_txt). This way, users can write extra long messages and scroll through them while writing.
Add a keyframe to frame 2 of the assets layer (by pressing F6). Select the new keyframe, delete everything on the Stage, and add a line of Static text that says Thank you. Your message has been sent. This will cue users that everything went smoothly, giving them that nice, warm, fuzzy feeling you get when you know an email has been sent.
Save this file as form.fla to your desktop (or wherever you might need it).
Figure 1 Words. Pretty, pretty words.
Figure 2 The careful planning of a form.
If you're using Flash MX 2004/Flash Pro and don't have the legendary Scrollbar component now missing from Flash, copy it from the exercise file for this article, which can be downloaded at the end of this article.
The form should now contain all the assets shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3 One of a million possible layouts for a form in Flash.
Hooray! You have a form. Of course, it doesn't do anything yet, so keep reading.


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From The Foundry MODO SDK wiki
Forms are displayed in Form View viewports. These viewports exist in layouts, and are common in modo.
Forms can be edited in two ways:
- Through the Form Editor, a tree-based interface for defining and grouping forms and their associated commands.
- Through hand-editing of Config files, for more advanced users.
- Form Categories and Groups provide a straight-forward mechanism to add a form to the beginning or end of another form without modifying the parent, and a way to organize forms within the Form Editor.
- Form Developer Commands to simply exporting specific forms into your own config files and to aid in message table generation.
- Form Filtering


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Volcanologists at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST) will receive a $119,821 grant from the U.S. National Science Foundation to study the ongoing volcanic activity on Hawaiʻi Island. The project, Rapid: Tracking magmatic and volcanic changes in the May 2018 Kīlauea Eruption, seeks to inform why the current volcanic activity is occurring and will help to predict future eruption activity.
"Scientific data has been critical to tracking the volcanic activity on Hawaiʻi Island to minimize the threat to Puna families," Hirono said. "This federal funding is timely and will increase the resources available to study Kīlauea's east rift zone and gain insight into future eruptions.""We are extremely grateful to the U.S. National Science Foundation, UH Hilo and the USGS (United States Geological Survey) Hawaiian Volcano Observatory for funding and supporting this research into the current eruption at Kīlauea, using a range of rapid-response tools," said Ken Rubin, principal investigator on the grant and chair of the Department of Geology and Geophysics at SOEST.
The project was funded through the National Science Foundation's Rapid Research Response program, which is available for research on natural disasters and other unanticipated events.
Rubin, along with three other SOEST volcanologists, Thomas Shea, Julia Hammer and Michael Garcia, will lead the assessment of the location and movement of magma beneath the lower east rift zone of Kīlauea to provide information on the processes leading up to the fissures and eruption activity. This study will incorporate aerial imagery and samples of lava collected throughout the event by UH Hilo and the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory to inform knowledge on volcanic processes and activities in volcanic rift zones.
Additionally, the project also includes application of very short half-life natural radioactivity to look at volcanic conditions such as magma ascent rate and degassing. These need to be measured in lavas shortly after being erupted or the signal decays away.
"This eruption represents an amazing opportunity to look, really for the first time, at variations of the isotopes with eruption condition in space and time, and would simply not be possible without the sample collections in real time by USGS," said Rubin. "Very few labs in the world can do this sort of analysis and we are lucky to be able to take advantage of this opportunity."


text: sera floredepot is a long-term gravel substrate with growth promoter for freshwater aquariums. The 2.4 kg bucket is sufficient for a 60 litre aquarium, the 4.7 kg bucket for a 100 litre aquarium. sera floredepot contains essential nutrients and trace elements and should be used with new aquarium set-ups and larger rearrangements. During the first 4 weeks sera floredepot provides the plants with everything they need in order to form strong roots and lush green leaves. sera floredepot is free from nitrate and phosphate.Do you have questions about this article?


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Beat the Lockdown: Target the Buck Between Does
Rut action slow? Pursue a buck that's leaving one doe and looking for another
It happens every season. Just when the chasing phase reaches its height, everything comes to a halt as bucks hole up with newly willing mates. But you can still fill your tag. The key is to catch a buck between does. A dominant buck may breed with two to five does during the peak mating period. That means he'll move from one doe to another up to four times. Here's how to catch him:
**1. Locate doe feeding areas. **Oak stands, fruit trees, cropfields, and food plots are the top spots. Look for tracks and feeding sign in the woods, and glass open areas to confirm does are using them.
2. Find doe bedding areas. Focus on good cover nearest the food. Does love to bed on gentle knolls in semi-open cover with scattered brush, tall grass, and thickets. Follow trails to uncover clusters of beds 2 to 21⁄2 feet in diameter or smaller.
3. Pinpoint the buck routes. Once you've found several doe bedding areas, look for travel corridors between them. Small bucks will move directly from one area to the next. Mature bucks will take a more circuitous route, using a brushy creekbottom, overgrown fenceline, or heavy timber between cutover areas to move unseen. Look for large tracks and the occasional fresh rub to confirm that the route is active.
**4. Hang your stand. **Once you find a likely buck route, follow it. Look for a pinch point, such as the head of a wash, a rock outcropping, or a riverbank, where the deer is forced through a narrow opening. Hang your stand downwind with a clear shot to the trail. Another great spot is directly downwind of one of the doe bedding areas; this is where a good buck will stop to scent-check for a hot doe—and present a good shot.
5. Stake a fake…and wait. If the cover is fairly open, place a subordinate male decoy just off the route to draw a buck over for a fight or to make him pause for a shot. Calling with doe bleats or short grunts can also draw a buck that's not traveling the exact route you're watching. Finally, plan to stay on stand all day. If a buck finishes with a doe at 11 a.m., he won't wait until evening to look for the next mate. And you won't tag him unless you're there.


EOL CD Review
CD cover
Hungary and Romania: Descendants of the Itinerant Gypsies: Melodies of Sorrow and Joy
Produced by Yuji Ichihashi, Aki Soto, and Stephen McArthur. Recorded by Kazuyuki Tanimoto and Norio Inagaki. Multicultural Media: Music of the Earth MCM3009. 1997. Compact Disc. Liner notes by Kazuyuki Tanimoto and Norio Inagaki.
Melodies of Sorrow and Joy is a re-release of field recordings of songs and instrumental pieces performed by Gypsy (Rom) musicians from Hungary and Romania and originally released in Japan. The disc is divided into two halves, each recorded by a different researcher, with the pieces in each half grouped together on the recording by geographical region. As a result, the CD and its accompanying notes seem like two separate projects, which they originally were.
AU sound iconAudio 1: "Khelimaski dyili," opening (152 KB.au)
RealAudio iconAudio 1: "Khelimaski dyili," opening
Download RealAudio Player
AU sound iconAudio 2: "Meselaki dyili," opening (381 KB.au)
RealAudio iconAudio 2: "Meselaki dyili," opening
The first half of the disc, recorded in Hungary, consists of sixteen tracks of vocal music. All of the songs are examples of either thekhelimaski dyili, a rhythmic, sung dance, (Audio 1) or the meselaki dyli, a slow song with free rhythm (Audio 2). Brief, paraphrased translations are provided for each of the slow songs, while no translations are provided for the dance songs.
The generous number of examples of both song types provides a good introduction to these genres, and a welcome opportunity for comparison of styles between various singers and different villages. The meselaki dyli selections recorded in Gyngys Village, for example, are sung in heterophonic style by a group of men's and women's voices, and provide an important contrast to the meselaki dyli examples of Piricise Village, which are performed by solo voices.
AU audio iconAudio 3: Men's Dance, opening (188 KB.au)
RealAudio iconAudio 3: Men's Dance, opening
AU audio iconAudio 4: Wedding March, opening (141 KB.au)
RealAudio iconAudio 4: Wedding March, opening
The second half of the disc provides a more diverse sampling of instrumental styles from the Carpathian Mountain region, including a Csardas, a funeral piece, several varieties of men's dances, (Audio 3) a wedding march, (Audio 4) and couples' dances. With the exception of one piece played by a violin/gardon (cello-like stringed instrument) duo, the instruments playing on each track are not listed.
Multicultural Media is to be commended for releasing these valuable recordings and for translating the original notes. The notes however, and the format in which they are presented, are confusing and perhaps require more editorial comment than the brief disclaimer at the back of the booklet which describes both the difficulties of transliteration as well as the diverse professional backgrounds of the researchers. Several problems are apparent. Some tracks include no annotation other than the name of the genre. None of the songs or instrumental pieces are given a title, and none of the performers appearing in the recording or the accompanying photographs are identified or credited.
The editors state that they wanted to preserve the tone of the original Japanese notes, but the original commentary seems to need some additional context and frame, particularly for the notes which accompany the first half of the disc. While the romantic travelogue-type narration employed here can perhaps be forgiven for its exuberant enthusiasm, at other times the notes are dangerously misleading as when, for example, the first annotator proclaims that in general, Gypsy dancing has no fixed gestures or organized movements.
Although these recordings were originally released in 1992, with the songs from the first half recorded in the 1980s, the photographs in the accompanying booklet are from 1963, leaving some question as to when the rest of the field recordings were made. Again, some historical context for the recordings and the notes would be a welcome addition.
Difficulties in presentation aside, the recordings and the notes too, contain much that should delight and interest many listeners, especially newcomers to Rom music of this region. The song selections are compelling performances representing a variety of individual and regional styles, and the instrumental tracks provide documentation of some fine examples of solo violin and ensemble playing from the Carpathian Mountains. Although the annotations to the individual selections are somewhat incomplete, the notes provide a fine history of Gypsy instrumental music in Hungary, and good, informative general descriptions of the song genres.
Suzanne Camino
Suzanne Camino is a doctoral candidate in the ethnomusicology program at the University of Michigan. She is currently researching songs of emigration and exile among Albanian communities in the United States. Her past research has focused on Albanian polyphonic singing and Bektashi Sufi chanting.
Thanks to Aaron A. Fox for web design assistance


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The HQd family of electrochemistry meters was designed to provide laboratory accuracy in a durable and highly portable field instrument. The multi-parameter meter supports EPA recommended methods for the field testing of sample pH, luminescent dissolved oxygen, conductivity, oxidation reduction potential and sodium, among others. Designed for harsh environments, HQd meters are used for environmental and industrial hygiene monitoring.
Formation worked closely with Hach's internal team to develop a true IP68 instrument capable of withstanding harsh treatment such as repeated drops and periodic submersion. The handheld instrument and its accessories were designed to work as a highly integrated product platform. In July 2006 the United States Environmental Protection Agency exclusively recommended the HQd as the preferred meter for measuring dissolved oxygen in water and wastewater.


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compound dislocation n.
See open dislocation.
- Compound document architecture
file format (CDA) DEC's set of standards for compound document creation, storage, retrieval, interchange and manipulation. (1996-11-03)
noun 1. an arthropod eye subdivided into many individual, light-receptive elements, each including a lens, a transmitting apparatus, and retinal cells. noun 1. the convex eye of insects and some crustaceans, consisting of numerous separate light-sensitive units (ommatidia) See also ocellus compound eye An eye consisting of hundreds or thousands of tiny light-sensitive parts (called […]
- Compound fault
noun 1. (geology) a series of closely spaced faults
- Compound flap
compound flap n. See composite flap.


both premisses to Jenny Bailey).
Hence we do not have to accept any fundamental distinction between definite descriptions and proper names. Rather, it is easier to read definite descriptions in an ambiguous way. When we say 'The UK Prime Minister used to be a woman', we can read it either as saying that the present PM used to be a woman, or that some former PM used to be a woman. And this ambiguity is not fundamentally different from the one we find here.
William Pitt was the youngest Prime Minister
William Pitt was not the youngest Prime Minister
the youngest Prime Minister was not the youngest Prime Minister
For there was more than one person called 'William Pitt', just as there was more than one person called 'Prime Minister of the UK'.
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Wednesday, August 17, 2011
Sentence negation, predicate negation and direct reference
There is a good post here by Vallicella, about a comment I made to an earlier post of his. My claim, in essence, is that if we cannot distinguish between sentence negation and predicate negation of a singular sentence, then we have to accept 'direct reference'. Let me explain. Predicate negation – e.g. 'a is non-F' is such that its truth requires that the object denoted by 'a' exist, and that this object is not F. Sentence negation, by contrast, is when we simply deny whatever is asserted by 'a is F'.
In modern predicate logic, we do not distinguish between these two forms of negation, at least for singular sentences. The negation '~Fa' is true whenever some thing is referred to by the singular term 'a', and when that thing is not F. Thus it is predicate negation. But it is also the contradictory of 'Fa'. If it is not true that ~Fa, then it is true that Fa, and conversely. Thus it is sentence negation.
By contrast, in traditional logic (or at least in standard forms of it) we do distinguish between these forms of negation. 'Socrates is a non-runner' is true when there is some such person as Socrates, and that person is not running. Thus 'Socrates runs' and 'Socrates is a non-runner' are contraries. Both can be false when Socrates does not exist. This is predicate negation (or 'indefinite negation' as the scholastics called it). This was considered distinct from propositional or 'extinctive' or 'destructive' negation, where everything asserted by 'Socrates runs' is denied, and which can be true even when there is no such person as Socrates. Thus 'Socrates runs' and the destructive negation 'It is not the case that Socrates runs' are contradictories. Both cannot be false, for one denies everything the other asserts.
Now I claim that in systems where there is no distinction between predicate and sentence negation, we have 'direct reference'. This is easily shown. Direct reference in a singular sentence is when the sentence is meaningless when the singular subject fails to refer. Assume that 'a is F' is not meaningless. If it is true, then there is a referent for 'a'. If it is not true, the sentential negation 'It is not the case that a is F' is true. If sentential negation is equivalent to predicate negation, it follows that 'a is non-F' is true, and so a exists, and so, there is a referent for 'a'. But (by excluded middle) either 'a is F' is true, or its contradictory (the sentential negation) is true. In either case, 'a' has a referent. Thus if 'a is F' is not meaningless, 'a' has a referent. Conversely if 'a' does not have a referent, 'a is F' is meaningless. But that is Direct Reference, as I have defined it.
In systems where we can make a distinction between the two forms of negation, we do not have to accept Direct Reference. If 'a is F' is meaningful but false, this could either be because the predicate negation is true, or because there is no referent for 'a'.
Both Peter Lupu and David Brightly challenged this idea in their comments to the post.
Peter argued that we do not have to accept Direct Reference if we accept the distinction between meaning and reference (or 'sense' and reference or whatever you call it). I reply: in accepting this distinction we have (tacitly) accepted the distinction between the two forms of negation. If we are happy that 'a is F' may not be true in the case that 'a' has a sense but not a reference, and assuming that (in this system) we can say that this is so, i.e. state that a does not exist, then we can state the disjunction 'a does not exist or a exists but is non-F'. But that disjunction is equivalent to the sentential negation of 'a is F', and is therefore distinct from the predicate negation 'a does exist and is non-F'.
David argued that we can suppose a singular term has a referent, and prove a contradiction in order to show that it does not have a referent. For example, let 'a' denote the largest ordinal number. That supposition leads to a contradiction, therefore 'a' cannot denote that. Yet (according to David) it is meaningful to make assertions using the singular term 'a'. I reply: what is meant by 'denotes' here? If it means 'signifies' or 'means', then the supposition that it has a meaning leads to a contradiction, and so it does not have a meaning. This is Direct Reference. On the other hand, if it does not mean 'signifies', but rather that a exists, then my reply is the same as to Peter. To accept the possibility that 'a' is meaningful but fails to correspond to any existing number, is tacitly to accept the distinction between the two forms of negation.
Tuesday, August 16, 2011
On simple explanations
Clever Connolley caught me out with a comment here on simple explanations. Mencken says that the reason for the 'inferior man' hating knowledge is because it is complex. All superstition is a short cut to make the unintelligible simple. Connolley, apparently agreeing with Mencken, chides me for wanting a simple explanation for global warming.
But is Mencken right? The appeal of true scientific explanation generally does lie in its simplicity. There are obvious exceptions - the proof of the four colour theorem for example. But consider the explanation of an eclipse. That is pretty simple. The moon goes round the earth, the earth goes round the sun. The sun lights up the earth. Occasionally the moon gets in the way and casts a shadow. How simpler could it get? The theory that the eclipse is caused by a dragon crossing the sun, by contrast, requires a theory of dragons, and no theory of dragons - at least not one that gives a comprehensive treatment of them, including their metabolism, genetic structure etc - could be simple at all.
Or consider Augustine's explanation of why evil exists:
The explanation - that Adam and Eve offended God, and that these evils are a punishment - appears simple at first sight, just like the dragon explanation. But it is not, for it requires a theory of God, and also a theory of Paradise, which is problematic. Sociobiology could probably provide a simpler one (although I'm not sure it has, yet).
Superstition is not necessarily a simpler theory. So, what distinguishes superstition from science?
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Hello again
Apologies for the absence of posts recently. The manuscript of the Scotus translation (plus extensive commentary) is to be submitted to the publishers soon and work on that takes precedence. I shall be posting sporadically, however.


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Government Undergraduate Wins Best Paper Award
Nathan Abell wins top prize at national conference
Posted: June 25, 2010
Government student Nathan Abell has received the 2010 First Place Prize for Best Undergraduate Student Paper at the 18th Annual Illinois State University National Conference for Students of Political Science. Abell won the award for his paper, "Theory and Practice of Structural Agenda Setting: A Case Study of U.S. HIV/AIDS Policy from 1979 to 1989."
In his paper, Abell offers a truly novel approach to agenda setting studies by identifying a lack of emphasis in the current literature on the structure within which agenda setting decisions are made. Focusing on the federal government's lack of timely response to the severity of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, Abell points out that the problem was not simply lack of medical knowledge, nor active homophobia, but a combination of the two that can only be understood by accounting for the embedded social structure in which medical research progressed.
Prevailing social attitudes about homosexuality, within the medical and scientific communities as well as the public at large, predisposed scientists to identify HIV/AIDS as an explicitly homosexual disease. For example, when the medical community discovered HIV/AIDS in an individual who was both homosexual and an IV drug user, standard classificatory procedure was to categorize the individual only as homosexual, thereby swelling the numbers of cases identified solely with homosexuality. This research-generated connection between HIV/AIDS and homosexuality subsequently translated into a homophobic political response. Crucially, neither dynamic was rooted in empirical reality. Both the medical and political communities were defining the policy space based on inherited social biases about homosexuality. Studying agenda setting can therefore not simply be about studying processes and the power relationships competing within them, but must also adequately account for the structure of beliefs conditioning public actions. It was a fundamental shift in public perceptions, rather than a shift in empirical reality, which ultimately secured a place for HIV/AIDS on the policy agenda.
In explaining why the federal government was so slow to respond to the HIV/AIDS pandemic, Abell points out that one of the most shocking features of the government's response was the utter reluctance to even discuss whether the issue should be on the policy agenda, let alone make the issue a public policy priority. While active homophobia alone cannot explain this, the lack of response can still only be understood by taking into account the broad social prejudice against certain affected groups – such as homosexuals, heroin addicts, and Haitians – that was channeled through the medical and political communities. When the HIV/AIDS pandemic first emerged, the Center for Disease Control took notice and initiated action to understand and control the disease. Nonetheless, the popular and scientific perception of HIV/AIDS was that it was a 'gay' or 'degenerate' disease, prompting Abell to ask how HIV/AIDS came to be defined as a 'gay' disease, rather than an immune disease disproportionately affecting homosexual men. Part of the answer, he finds, is that the research methods employed by the scientific community were biased toward a finding of sexual identity as the driving factor, as scientists imported homophobic background knowledge into their initial studies.
The public was made aware of the pandemic in 1981, but President Ronald Reagan did not publicly, at his own initiation and for the explicit purpose of addressing the pandemic, mention the disease until 1987. The Reagan administration feared the issue politically, not wanting to associate itself with the affected populations. Due to pervasive homophobia, HIV/AIDS research and outreach became conflated with a homosexual agenda, and the political universe consequently feared association with it. The result was an overall delay in the issue becoming a subject of public discourse. A history of prejudice within the medical establishment toward homosexuals, as homosexuality had, for a long time, been classified as a mental disease, combined with anti-homosexual social attitudes input into scientific research and the public mind, and consequent political fears of association with specific groups, actively kept the issue off the public agenda. Only when the possibility of nonsexual and heterosexual transmission was documented and acknowledged within the broader public, aided by the revelations of prominent, beloved, and infected public figures, such as Rock Hudson and Magic Johnson, did the structure within which agenda setting occurs change such that actively pushing for congressional action became politically tolerable.
Jeffrey Tulis supervised Nathan's paper. This is the fourth student Tulis has supervised who has won a best paper award at the Illinois State conference; Abell is the first to take the top prize.
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GEM File Extension - What is it and how to open GEM format
gem
Opening GEM files
Have a problem opening a .GEM file? We collect information about file formats and can explain what GEM files are. Additionally we recommend software suitable for opening or converting such files.
What is the .GEM file type?
In keeping with the gemstone theme of Ruby, the .gem filename extension primarily represents the Ruby/Ruby on Rails Module (.gem) file type. Ruby is the name of a server-side scripting language, while Ruby on Rails (RR) refers to an efficient and widely popular web application framework. In Ruby on Rails, a gem is an established name of a self-contained framework module (extension, library, plugin, etc.). Gems are packaged and distributed as gemfiles (.gem). A gemfile (.gem) is a regular tar archive that contains a gem specification, along with one or more text-based Ruby source files, a set of customary metafiles such as README, and optionally additional assets (JavaScript or other code). Outside Ruby on Rails, .gem files can be opened and processed as tar archives using any compatible archive manager.
Alternatively, the .gem extension denotes the Corel Ventura Document (.gem) file type introduced in 1990's by Ventura Publisher, a legacy DOS desktop publishing application by Ventura Software (to be later acquired by Corel Corp. and become known as Corel Ventura). Discontinued since 2002, Corel Ventura saved its documents using the GEM (Graphics Environment Manager) Metafile binary format originating from the GEM desktop environment. Here, a .gem file is a Corel Ventura vector-based graphics project that can be opened in Corel Ventura itself and several other applications providing read-only support for the GEM format (e.g., Corel Paint Shop Pro).
Software to open or convert GEM files
You can open GEM files with the following programs:
Ashampoo Photo Commander
Ashampoo Photo Commander by Ashampoo GmbH & Co. KG

Paint Shop Pro
Paint Shop Pro by Jasc Software Inc

Popular formats


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- The Federal Transit Administration is proposing to strengthen regulations relating to safety oversight of rail transit. This oversight is delegated to eligible states with rail transit systems.
- The proposed revisions broaden the definition of events that must be reported to the FTA by state safety oversight agencies, adds new required tasks for these agencies and encourages them to take an active role during the engineering and construction of rail transit projects.
- The FTA's actions are consistent with requirements of the 2021 infrastructure law that gave new authority to state safety oversight agencies and required them to review and approve the rail transit agency safety plans they oversee.
The FTA's state safety oversight program came into the limelight last year following a series of accidents on rail transit lines operated by the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. The FTA faulted both MBTA leadership and the Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities, which oversees safety at the transit agency.
As far back as 2018, a Government Accountability Office report found that the FTA had "not provided all the necessary guidance and support to states' safety agencies to ensure they develop appropriate and effective rail transit safety inspection programs." Since 2017, the FTA has issued special directives to the Massachusetts DPU, the Illinois Department of Transportation, the Georgia Department of Transportation and the New York State Department of Transportation's Public Transportation Safety Board.
Under the FTA's proposed revisions to the state safety oversight regulation, published Nov. 15 in the federal register, all "safety events" must be reported to the federal agency within two hours. These include collisions, derailments, fires and unintended train movements. The FTA would require state safety oversight agencies to conduct "risk-based inspections" of the rail public transportation systems they oversee, reflecting new requirements of the 2021 infrastructure law. The proposed regulation also adds specific oversight requirements related to mitigating safety risks at rail transit agencies. The new rules would also give state oversight agencies the authority to review and approve the persons responsible for safety supervision at each transit agency it oversees.
The FTA's newly proposed rules are open for public comments until Jan. 16, 2024.