similar Plains setting. In which case, you can take inspiration not just from Pueblo but from plains and steppe cultures across the world. The tricky bit is then to ensure that your fictional culture is something unique and of itself. Don't just take actual elements from real cultures or you will end up with a mishmash of totem poles, tipis, feather head dresses, and goodness knows what else. It will be offensive to the cultures involved and lacking consistency for your readers. Better to look at what all these cultures have in common, what constraints are imposed by the generic plains setting, and allow your fictional culture to solve it in their own way, with their own unique customs, architecture, practices and so on. In that way no real world people will be offended, because the story won't be a bad pastiche of their culture, it will be something new albeit in a comparable setting.
Your Answer


text:
- 1 Who was the real Airwolf pilot?
- 2 Who flew the helicopter in Airwolf?
- 3 Is there a real helicopter like Airwolf?
- 4 Why was Airwolf Cancelled?
- 5 What helicopter was Kobe in?
- 6 Was Airwolf used in the A team?
- 7 What happened to the original Airwolf helicopter?
- 8 Is Blue Thunder a real helicopter?
- 9 What is the fastest helicopter in the world?
- 10 What is the fastest helicopter in the US military?
- 11 Can a helicopter fly to the top of Everest?
- 12 Can helicopters go supersonic?
Who was the real Airwolf pilot?
Airwolf is a drama loaded with action and adventure thanks to its true star – a science-fiction helicopter named Airwolf. Nicknamed "The Lady," Jan-Michael Vincent plays its reclusive pilot Stringfellow Hawke and veteran actor Ernest Borgnine is co-pilot Dominic Santini.
Who flew the helicopter in Airwolf?
Pilot Scott Meher, 46, of Los Angeles, flown by air ambulance to Henry Mayo Newhall Memorial Hospital, was in fair condition with a concussion and abrasions, nursing supervisor Rose Morelli said. ″Members of the crew rushed over and pulled out the pilot, then the helicopter burst into flames.
Is there a real helicopter like Airwolf?
The answer to that is a resounding "yes." The aircraft seen on the television show is a Bell 222 helicopter painted black and outfitted with film props and spruced up with special effects. The Bell 222 was designed in the late 60s and first flew in 1976. In a way, it was fitting that the Bell 222 was used as Airwolf.
Why was Airwolf Cancelled?
Scandal dogged Mr. Vincent in the 1980s. He was known to abuse alcohol and cocaine and was accused of getting into bar fights; he narrowly avoided jail in 1986 by entering a monthlong drug rehabilitation program after breaking probation related to an earlier drunken-driving conviction. CBS canceled "Airwolf" that year.
What helicopter was Kobe in?
The helicopter that Kobe Bryant was on was a Sikorsky S-76B. A model frequently used for VIP passengers, search and rescue missions, and air ambulances.
Was Airwolf used in the A team?
Today, we proudly share the Best Vehicle Guest Appearances from the A-Team The Santini Air Jetranger (N2044C) from Airwolf graced us with it's presence in a number of season 2 episodes. During season two's 2-part episode "When You Comin' Back Range Rider", a familiar '80s companion graced us with an appearance.
What happened to the original Airwolf helicopter?
The actual helicopter used in the four series however met a tragic end. After filming ended Airwolf, a modified twin-engined Bell 222, was stripped of her 'futuristic, advanced weapons systems' and sold off. Transported from California to Germany it began a second career operating as an air ambulance.
Is Blue Thunder a real helicopter?
Blue Thunder is the helicopter in the 1980s American titular film and television series. The aircraft itself was a modified Aérospatiale Gazelle helicopter. After the film and TV series was made, both helicopters were sold to Michael E. Grube, an aviation salvage collector in Clovis, New Mexico.
What is the fastest helicopter in the world?
Sikorsky X2 – 299 mph; 481 km/h; 260 knots
The Sikorsky X2 now holds the record for the fastest helicopter in the world.
What is the fastest helicopter in the US military?
According to AirForce-Technology.com, the fastest helicopter in military service is the CH-47F Chinook, which has a top speed of 195 mph.
Can a helicopter fly to the top of Everest?
Helicopters can fly higher than the summit of Everest but landing to take on a passenger or body is dangerous. According to an interview with climber and helicopter pilot Simone Moro, the Fishtail helicopters are rated to reach an altitude of 23,051'/7026m but have flown as high as 7400m.
Can helicopters go supersonic?
A supersonic helicopter is simply not possible due to a flight characteristic known as "Dissymmetry Of Lift," (also known as "retreating blade stall"). When the rotor blades are turning, think of it as as a disc. The fuselage (or body of the helicopter) simply hangs by the rotor-mast at it's center of gravity.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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What is the best way to determine if a variable in bash is empty ("")?
I have heard that it is recommended that I do if [ "x$variable" = "x" ]
Is that the correct way? (there must be something more straightforward)
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12 Answers 12
up vote 387 down vote accepted
This will return true if a variable is unset or set to the empty string ("").
if [ -z "$VAR" ];
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Does that include if a variable IS SET to a value of ""? – Brent May 12 '09 at 18:25
Yes it does... "-z" tests for a zero-length string. – David Z May 13 '09 at 2:40
if [! -z "$VAR" ]; – Aaron Copley Jul 22 '13 at 17:26
the inverse of -z is -n if [ -n "$VAR" ]; – Felipe Alvarez Oct 9 '13 at 5:59
The double quotes ensure that the variable doesn't get split. A simple $var on a command line will be split by its whitespace into a list of parameters, while "$var" will always be only one parameter. Quoting variables often is a good practice and stops you from tripping up on filenames containing whitespace (among other things). Example: after doing a="x --help", try cat $a - it will give you the help page for cat. Then try cat "$a" - it will (usually) say cat: x --help: No such file or directory. In short, quote early and quote often and you will almost never regret it. – Score_Under Jul 15 '14 at 13:40
In Bash, when you're not concerned with portability to shells that don't support it, you should always use the double-bracket syntax:
Any of the following:
if [[ -z $variable ]]
if [[ -z "$variable" ]]
if [[! $variable ]]
if [[! "$variable" ]]
In Bash, using double square brackets, the quotes aren't necessary. You can simplify the test for a variable that does contain a value to:
if [[ $variable ]]
This syntax is compatible with ksh (at least ksh93, anyway). It does not work in pure POSIX or older Bourne shells such as sh or dash.
See my answer here and BashFAQ/031 for more information about the differences between double and single square brackets.
You can test to see if a variable is specifically unset (as distinct from an empty string):
if [[ -z ${variable+x} ]]
where the "x" is arbitrary.
If you want to know whether a variable is null but not unset:
if [[ -z $variable && ${variable+x} ]]
share|improve this answer
That if [[ $variable ]] worked fine for me, and didn't even need the set -u that was required by one of the other proposed solutions. – Teemu Leisti Sep 14 '12 at 15:14
I think this is better than the accepted answer. – qed Apr 5 '13 at 10:00
Why are you recommending a non-portable feature when doing so gives no benefit? – Alastair Irvine Nov 24 '14 at 8:16
_USER_: I mention portability in the first sentence of my answer, the question title and body contain the word "Bash" and the question is tagged bash, and the double bracket structure provides clear advantages in many ways. And I don't recommend mixing bracket styles for reasons of consistency and maintainability. If you need maximum, lowest common denominator portability, use sh instead of Bash. If you need the increased capabilities that it provides, use Bash and use it fully. – Dennis Williamson Nov 24 '14 at 13:59
You should add if! [[ $variable ]] and if! [[ "$variable" ]] to be complete. – BinaryZebra Sep 1 at 21:12
A variable in bash (and any POSIX-compatible shell) can be in one of three states:
 - unset
 - set to the empty string
 - set to a non-empty string
Most of the time you only need to know if a variable is set to a non-empty string, but occasionally it's important to distinguish between unset and set to the empty string.
The following are examples of how you can test the various possibilities, and it works in bash or any POSIX-compatible shell:
if [ -z "${VAR}" ]; then
 echo "VAR is unset or set to the empty string"
if [ -z "${VAR+set}" ]; then
 echo "VAR is unset"
if [ -z "${VAR-unset}" ]; then
 echo "VAR is set to the empty string"
if [ -n "${VAR}" ]; then
 echo "VAR is set to a non-empty string"
if [ -n "${VAR+set}" ]; then
 echo "VAR is set, possibly to the empty string"
if [ -n "${VAR-unset}" ]; then
 echo "VAR is either unset or set to a non-empty string"
Here is the same thing but in handy table form:
 VAR is: | unset | empty | non-empty |
| [ -z "${VAR}" ] | true | true | false |
| [ -z "${VAR+set}" ] | true | false | false |
| [ -z "${VAR-unset}" ] | false | true | false |
| [ -n "${VAR}" ] | false | false | true |
| [ -n "${VAR+set}" ] | false | true | true |
| [ -n "${VAR-unset}" ] | true | false | true |
The ${VAR+foo} construct expands to the empty string if VAR is unset or to foo if VAR is set to anything (including the empty string).
The ${VAR-foo} construct expands to the value of VAR if set (including set to the empty string) and foo if unset. This is useful for providing user-overridable defaults (e.g., ${COLOR-red} says to use red unless the variable COLOR has been set to something).
The reason why [ x"${VAR}" = x ] is often recommended for testing whether a variable is either unset or set to the empty string is because some implementations of the [ command (also known as test) are buggy. If VAR is set to something like -n, then some implementations will do the wrong thing when given [ "${VAR}" = "" ] because the first argument to [ is erroneously interpreted as the -n operator, not a string.
share|improve this answer
Testing for a variable set to the empty string can also be done using [ -z "${VAR-set}" ]. – nwellnhof May 17 '13 at 17:56
_USER_: Thanks! I updated my answer to use the briefer syntax. – Richard Hansen May 18 '13 at 18:00
What is the difference between the first and last construct? They both correspond to "VAR is either unset or set to a non-empty string". – Faheem Mitha Jul 22 '13 at 8:53
_USER_: The difference is "empty string" vs. "non-empty string". – Richard Hansen Jul 22 '13 at 16:51
_USER_: Thanks, that's a useful addition. – Faheem Mitha Jul 22 '13 at 17:18
If you're interested in distinguishing the cases of set-empty versus unset status, look at the -u option for bash:
$ set -u
$ echo $BAR
bash: BAR: unbound variable
$ [ -z "$BAR" ] && echo true
bash: BAR: unbound variable
$ BAR=""
$ echo $BAR
share|improve this answer
-z is a the best way.
Another options I've used is to set a variable, but it can be overridden by another variable eg
export PORT=${MY_PORT:-5432}
If the $MY_PORT variable is empty, then PORT gets set to 5432, otherwise PORT is set to the value of MY_PORT. Note the syntax include the colon and dash.
share|improve this answer
Accidentally found this today, and it was exactly what I wanted. Thanks! I have to tolerate set -o nounset in some scripts. – opello Feb 16 '12 at 23:58
An alternate I've seen to [ -z "$foo" ] is the following, however I'm not sure why people use this method, anyone know?
[ "x${foo}" = "x" ]
Anyway if you're disallowing unset variables (either by set -u or set -o nounset), then you'll run into trouble with both of those methods. There's a simple fix to this:
[ -z "${foo:-}" ]
Note: this will leave your variable undef.
share|improve this answer
There's a comment about the alternative to -z at Basically, it isn't meant to be an alternative to -z. Rather, it handles cases where $foo could expand to something beginning with a metacharacter that [ or test would be confused by. Putting an arbitrary non-metacharacter at the beginning eliminates that possibility. – James Sneeringer Dec 9 '11 at 19


Flag of Peru
Country Development Cooperation Strategy
Speeches Shim
USAID's Goal in Peru for the strategy period 2020 - 2025 is that Peru more effectively leads and finances shared strategic priorities through increased capacity to combat illicit activities, corruption and over-exploitation of natural resources. Remarkable economic and social progress in the last two decades has elevated Peru's position as a trusted U.S. ally in the region. To ensure sustained growth and social advancement, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, Peru must continue to address limitations in government effectiveness, corruption control, and containing illegality -- and USAID will remain a steadfast partner.
In line with Peru's development goals and U.S. foreign policy, USAID will help Peru reinforce its capacity to address joint interests and priorities of our two nations. These challenges include: the threat posed by illicit drug trafficking, making Peru the world's second-largest cocaine producer; the extent of corruption, documented by Peru's low position in integrity and international corruption indexes; and the devastating impact of environmental crimes on conservation and management of Peru's vast natural resources, especially in the Amazon where deforestation continues to increase year after year.
Given Peru's comparative progress and sizable domestic resources, USAID's role has shifted from directly financing support for targeted services and populations to providing specialized technical assistance for the Government of Peru and other Peruvian actors to better allocate and utilize their own resources. To advance the CDCS goal, the Mission will pursue a vision for a Strategic Partnership that emphasizes new roles for USAID/Peru to engage, connect and support Peruvian leaders in government, private sector and civil society to mobilize resources, transform systems and institutionalize reforms that address mutual challenges.
USAID will collaborate with Peruvian partners to pursue three objectives:
 1. Peru expands economic and social development to sustain coca reductions;
 2. Peru increases public integrity to reduce corruption; and
 3. Peru strengthens sustainable environment and natural resource management to expand economic and social benefits.
Independent of this CDCS framework, USAID/Peru has responded with new resources to reduce and mitigate the effects of COVID-19 in Peru. Additionally, USAID's bilateral program in Peru is complemented by two South America Regional programs: the Amazon Regional Environment Program and Support for Venezuelan Migrants.
This CDCS was developed and finalized in 2020 as COVID-19 became a global pandemic. USAID/Peru will continue to monitor its potential impact and if needed, the Mission will re-evaluate the strategic approach.
Last updated: March 08, 2021
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How much did the monks who wrote "Beowulf," change the story to fit Christian views?
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Think about it this way: The monks were the scribes...the printing press of the time period. Since they were religious, they would change anything they considered not worthy of attention by readers--current or future. This means all dirty jokes, anything vulgar or obscene, and anything they considered too common. So, since they were the recorders of the oral literature of the time (since so many were unable to read and write for themselves, the songs, poems, stories, riddles, jokes, etc. were recorded by the monks), they chose what to write down and keep for posterity and what they would ignore. Much was lost because of this, and it stands to reason that of the written literature we do have, much was changed.
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package UDDI::HalfDecent::ResultSet; use strict; use warnings; use UDDI::HalfDecent::Record; ### At present, this class only represents sets of businesses. When # we implement more methods, it will need generalising to represent # sets of other kinds of record. =head1 NAME UDDI::HalfDecent::ResultSet - a set of results from a UDDI query =head1 SYNOPSIS $rs = $uddi->find_business(name => 'frog'); $n = $rs->count(); foreach $i (0.. $n-1) { $bi = $rs->record($i); } =head1 DESCRIPTION This is a container class which allows access to the multiple records found by various interrogation methods on a UDDI object. Depending on what method gave rise to the result-set it will contain different kinds of objects, e.g. C will yield a result-set of Business objects. In a parallel universe, there are ResultSet subclasses corresponding to each of the possible contained object types, but that's not how we do things here. =head1 METHODS =head2 new() $uddi = new UDDI::HalfDecent::ResultSet($uddi, $xpc, $node, $class); Creates and returns a new UDDI result-set object representing the result of a search. Note that B: it is invoked by the UDDI library itself, in methods such as C. This constructor takes four arguments: C<$uddi> is the UDDI object for which it is created, and which will be used for logging, etc; C<$xpc> is an XPath content with all relevant namespaces registered; and C<$node> is the context node of the list-containing element, which in general will be different from the context-node registered as part of the XPath context. (If you didn't understand that last bit, don't worry about it -- you won't be calling this constructor yourself, remember?) C<$class> is the class to which the individual result records must belong. =cut # Actually, I don't think we need this. # _TAG_ %_class2xpath = ( # business => "uddi:businessInfos/uddi:businessInfo" # service => "uddi:serviceInfos/uddi:serviceInfo" # binding => "uddi:bindingTemplate", # tmodel => "uddi:tModelInfos/uddi:tModelInfo" #); sub new { my $class = shift(); my($uddi, $xpc, $node, $recclass) = _USER_; my $this = bless { uddi => $uddi, xpc => $xpc, node => $node, recclass => $recclass, count => undef, dom => [], # The raw DOM nodes records => [], # Corresponding wrapped objects }, $class; my $xpath; if ($recclass eq "binding") { $xpath = "uddi:bindingTemplate"; } else { $xpath = "uddi:${recclass}Infos/uddi:${recclass}Info"; } $this->{dom} = $xpc->findnodes($xpath, $node); $this->{count} = @{ $this->{dom} }; return $this; } =head2 count() $n = $rs->count(); Returns the number of records in the result-set, e.g. the number of businesses found by a C call. =cut sub count { my $this = shift(); return $this->{count}; } =head2 record() foreach $i (0.. $n-1) { $bi = $rs->record($i); } Returns a single record from the result-set, indexed from zero. =cut sub record { my $this = shift(); my($index) = _USER_; my $count = $this->count(); UDDI::HalfDecent::oops(error => "out of range", detail => "record $index not in 0..$count") if $index < 0 || $index >= $count; my $rec = $this->{records}->[$index]; if (!defined $rec) { my $dom = $this->{dom}->[$index]; UDDI::HalfDecent::oops(error => "no DOM", detail => "record $index in 0..$count") if!defined $dom; $rec = $this->{records}->[$index] = new UDDI::HalfDecent::Record($this, $dom); } return $rec; } =head1 SEE ALSO C is the module that uses this. See also its SEE ALSOs. =head1 AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE As for C. =cut 1;


Merge branch 'sg/test-bash-version-fix'
[git.git] / lockfile.h
blob35403ccc0d586c4732411a5813cb97761dddc435
1 #ifndef LOCKFILE_H
2 #define LOCKFILE_H
4 /*
5 * File write-locks as used by Git.
7 * The lockfile API serves two purposes:
9 * * Mutual exclusion and atomic file updates. When we want to change
10 * a file, we create a lockfile '<filename>.lock', write the new
11 * file contents into it, and then rename the lockfile to its final
12 * destination '<filename>'. We create the '<filename>.lock' file
13 * with 'O_CREAT|O_EXCL' so that we can notice and fail if somebody
14 * else has already locked the file, then atomically rename the
15 * lockfile to its final destination to commit the changes and
16 * unlock the file.
18 * * Automatic cruft removal. If the program exits after we lock a
19 * file but before the changes have been committed, we want to make
20 * sure that we remove the lockfile. This is done by remembering the
21 * lockfiles we have created in a linked list and setting up an
22 * 'atexit(3)' handler and a signal handler that clean up the
23 * lockfiles. This mechanism ensures that outstanding lockfiles are
24 * cleaned up if the program exits (including when 'die()' is
25 * called) or if the program is terminated by a signal.
27 * Please note that lockfiles only block other writers. Readers do not
28 * block, but they are guaranteed to see either the old contents of
29 * the file or the new contents of the file (assuming that the
30 * filesystem implements 'rename(2)' atomically).
32 * Most of the heavy lifting is done by the tempfile module (see
33 * "tempfile.h").
35 * Calling sequence
36 * ----------------
38 * The caller:
40 * * Allocates a 'struct lock_file' with whatever storage duration you
41 * desire. The struct does not have to be initialized before being
42 * used, but it is good practice to do so using by setting it to
43 * all-zeros (or using the LOCK_INIT macro). This puts the object in a
44 * consistent state that allows you to call rollback_lock_file() even
45 * if the lock was never taken (in which case it is a noop).
47 * * Attempts to create a lockfile by calling 'hold_lock_file_for_update()'.
49 * * Writes new content for the destination file by either:
51 * * writing to the file descriptor returned by the
52 * 'hold_lock_file_for_*()' functions (also available via
53 * 'lock->fd').
55 * * calling 'fdopen_lock_file()' to get a 'FILE' pointer for the
56 * open file and writing to the file using stdio.
58 * Note that the file descriptor returned by hold_lock_file_for_update()
59 * is marked O_CLOEXEC, so the new contents must be written by the
60 * current process, not a spawned one.
62 * When finished writing, the caller can:
64 * * Close the file descriptor and rename the lockfile to its final
65 * destination by calling 'commit_lock_file()' or
66 * 'commit_lock_file_to()'.
68 * * Close the file descriptor and remove the lockfile by calling
69 * 'rollback_lock_file()'.
71 * * Close the file descriptor without removing or renaming the
72 * lockfile by calling 'close_lock_file_gently()', and later call
73 * 'commit_lock_file()', 'commit_lock_file_to()',
74 * 'rollback_lock_file()', or 'reopen_lock_file()'.
76 * After the lockfile is committed or rolled back, the 'lock_file'
77 * object can be discarded or reused.
79 * If the program exits before 'commit_lock_file()',
80 * 'commit_lock_file_to()', or 'rollback_lock_file()' is called, the
81 * tempfile module will close and remove the lockfile, thereby rolling
82 * back any uncommitted changes.
84 * If you need to close the file descriptor you obtained from a
85 * 'hold_lock_file_for_*()' function yourself, do so by calling
86 * 'close_lock_file_gently()'. See "tempfile.h" for more information.
89 * Under the covers, a lockfile is just a tempfile with a few helper
90 * functions. In particular, the state diagram and the cleanup
91 * machinery are all implemented in the tempfile module.
94 * Error handling
95 * --------------
97 * The 'hold_lock_file_for_*()' functions return a file descriptor on
98 * success or -1 on failure (unless 'LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR' is used; see
99 * "flags" below). On errors, 'errno' describes the reason for
100 * failure. Errors can be reported by passing 'errno' to
101 * 'unable_to_lock_message()' or 'unable_to_lock_die()'.
103 * Similarly, 'commit_lock_file', 'commit_lock_file_to', and
104 * 'close_lock_file' return 0 on success. On failure they set 'errno'
105 * appropriately and return -1. The 'commit' variants (but not 'close')
106 * do their best to delete the temporary file before returning.
109 #include "tempfile.h"
111 struct lock_file {
112 struct tempfile *tempfile;
115 #define LOCK_INIT { NULL }
117 /* String appended to a filename to derive the lockfile name: */
118 #define LOCK_SUFFIX ".lock"
119 #define LOCK_SUFFIX_LEN 5
123 * Flags
124 * -----
126 * The following flags can be passed to 'hold_lock_file_for_update()'.
130 * If a lock is already taken for the file, 'die()' with an error
131 * message. If this flag is not specified, trying to lock a file that
132 * is already locked silently returns -1 to the caller, or ...
134 #define LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR 1
137 * ... this flag can be passed instead to return -1 and give the usual
138 * error message upon an error.
140 #define LOCK_REPORT_ON_ERROR 4
143 * Usually symbolic links in the destination path are resolved. This
144 * means that (1) the lockfile is created by adding ".lock" to the
145 * resolved path, and (2) upon commit, the resolved path is
146 * overwritten. However, if 'LOCK_NO_DEREF' is set, then the lockfile
147 * is created by adding ".lock" to the path argument itself. This
148 * option is used, for example, when detaching a symbolic reference,
149 * which for backwards-compatibility reasons, can be a symbolic link
150 * containing the name of the referred-to-reference.
152 #define LOCK_NO_DEREF 2
155 * Attempt to create a lockfile for the file at 'path' and return a
156 * file descriptor for writing to it, or -1 on error. If the file is
157 * currently locked, retry with quadratic backoff for at least
158 * timeout_ms milliseconds. If timeout_ms is 0, try exactly once; if
159 * timeout_ms is -1, retry indefinitely. The flags argument and error
160 * handling are described above.
162 extern int hold_lock_file_for_update_timeout(
163 struct lock_file *lk, const char *path,
164 int flags, long timeout_ms);
167 * Attempt to create a lockfile for the file at 'path' and return a
168 * file descriptor for writing to it, or -1 on error. The flags
169 * argument and error handling are described above.
171 static inline int hold_lock_file_for_update(
172 struct lock_file *lk, const char *path,
173 int flags)
175 return hold_lock_file_for_update_timeout(lk, path, flags, 0);
179 * Return a nonzero value iff '


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Are Minnesotans really more 'Cold Hardy' than everyone else? Or are we making that up?
This week Minnesota and Florida share the same weather, but residents have two very different reactions to it. Does that mean Minnesotans are more "cold hardy?"
Up here we like to think of ourselves as hardy Minnesotans.
To us, a 30-degree day is a walk in the park.
But down in Florida, 30-degrees to many Floridians feels like the end of the world.
This week, both states have similar temperatures, but the way residents feel about them couldn't be more different.
In Minnesota, residents see 30-degrees as a respite from the cold, but in Florida, theme parks are shutting down and iguanas are falling from the trees.
If you haven't seen the videos yet, check it out.
Iguanas are literally so cold in this 30-degree weather that their bodies are shutting down, stunning them, and sending them crashing to the ground.
It got us thinking, do humans have similar physiological reactions to cold and hot weather?
Can we literally evolve or adapt to our surroundings and become more tolerant of the weather?
Many Minnesotans pride themselves on being "cold hardy" but is that actually a real thing?
Turns out "cold hardiness" has little to do with our bodies, it's mostly our minds.
"There's nothing in our body that makes us cold hardy," Hennepin Healthcare emergency physician Dr. Ashley Strobel says.
"It's because we're mentally used to this, we're prepared. It's an attitude. It's a perspective."
Think about it this way, in Minnesota, a 40-degree day in October, you're running to grab your coat.
But 40-degrees in April it's like bring on the shorts!
Same temperature, same place, but mentally it's different.
"It's all about your perspective. In the Fall you're coming off hot temps in the summer and colder weather might feel even colder. In the spring you're coming off winter and the same temperature will feel warmer. You're mentally prepared to think and feel the weather a certain way," Strobel says.
Now, there are exceptions to all of this.
Certain medical conditions will affect the way you adjust to cold and hot weather.
Your weight, age and metabolism can also play a role, and certain people, scientists don't exactly know why, are just better at dealing with cold and hot weather.
"If you're someone who is always on the go, always moving, you can't sit still, perhaps you have a higher basal metabolic rate, so then, you may feel like you run a little bit warmer than others and that's because you're turning and burning energy continuously and so you are creating some of your own heat," Strobel explains.
But this whole idea that up here in the north our bodies have somehow evolved to handle the cold, that's just not the case.
"The truth is there's not much to that. That's not what research has shown," Strobel says.
"One could say it is something in us, because it's our fortitude. It's mental toughness. So, maybe you could say Minnesotans are tougher than Floridians? I don't know, there might be something to that."


text:
Adjunct Professor at Randolph College and Executive Director of the Lynchburg Diversity Center, Andi Miller, will host a public film screening and dialogue series as part of the Public Humanities Cinema Project.
The Celluloid Closet, the first film in the series, is a documentary based on the book of the same by Vito Russel. Both works examine the portrayal of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transsexual characters in the film industry, in particular Hollywood, over time. Throughout the business' history, characters have been portrayed as archetypal sissies, subjected to censorship by the Hollywood Production Code, slipped secretly into films, and depicted using cruel stereotypes before changes were made in the early 1990s. The documentary interviews various men and women connected to the Hollywood industry to comment on various film clips and their own personal experiences with the treatment of LGBT characters in film.
The film was honored with four Emmy Award nominations in 1996. It was nominated for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Informational Programming for editing, sound recording and director of photography. It was also nominated for Outstanding Informational special. Additionally, the film received both a Peabody Award and recognition at the 1996 Sundance Film Festival by winning the Freedom of Expression award.
A public discussion and open dialog on the LGBT culture of the 1990s and in cinema will follow, lead by a TBD guest speaker and host Andi Miller.
Sponsored in part by a grant from Virginia Foundation for the Humanities.


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This research focuses on the comparison of existing macroscopic DTA-models. The comparison should focus on the functionality and properties of propagation models. The most important points of interest are the behaviour of the models with respect to spillback effects and the effect of intersections in urban areas. The comparison could be done in two steps. Firstly, a methodological comparison using theoretical test networks should be conducted to isolate and qualitatively describe the individual differences. Secondly a (small) case study using a realistic network from an existing strategic transport model combined with (big) data (traffic counts and observed travel times and speeds from floating car data) should be done to quantitatively describe the differences between the models in a realistic setting. Also, other models could be included in the research, such as the 2nd order Cell Transmission model (MADAM) and/or the event based Generalized Link Transmission Model (eGTLM).
January 1, 2020


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MALARIA testing and diagnosis has been improved, based on the progress of a four-year joint Australia-China-Papua New Guinea malaria project.
These achievements were presented by the Department of Health malaria program manager Leo Makita; PNG Institute of Medical Research deputy director Dr Moses Laman; and Department of Health malaria medical officer, Dr Leonard Nawara, to more than 100 medical practitioners and students at the University of PNG's school of medicine and health sciences last Tuesday. "The team has come a long way in the first three years of this project. Together, laboratory staff and health care workers in PNG have been working with specialists from PNG, Australia and China to strengthen malaria testing, diagnosis and monitoring in all 22 provinces," Mr Makita said.
"We are now asking for provinces and provincial health authorities to take the lead in prioritising and implementing malaria control activities to achieve our goal of malaria elimination by 2030."
Malaria is a life-threatening disease transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito. Almost 90 per cent of all malaria cases in the Pacific region are found in PNG. On average, more than a million suspected cases are seen at health facilities across the country every year.
The Australia-China-Papua New Guinea pilot cooperation on malaria control project was introduced in January 2016 in support of PNG's national malaria strategic plan to improve the quality of malaria diagnosis and to pilot effective cooperation between the three countries.
Since 2016, the project has trained more than 300 Papua New Guinean health professionals in malaria testing and diagnosis, and over 50 laboratory technicians have been trained and certified to detect malaria using a microscope.
These trainees have gone on to supervise other laboratory staff, doubling the number of technicians across PNG.


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White papers lab instruments golgi apparatus news and research rss a cellular component known as the golgi apparatus may play a role in how lung cancer. Cell organelles and the variation between plant and essays research papers] 686 or they are collected via the golgi apparatus for further protein. Dedicated to the advancement of research in all branches of cell biology search for: going for golgi where is the golgi apparatus and what is it. Essays & papers golgi apparatus assignment - paper example golgi apparatus assignment latest research about golgi apparatus. Yale scientists give the golgi apparatus its own identity, paving the way for more targeted cancer research date: november 22, 2000 source: yale university.
Golgi apparatus name: course: instructor: institution: date: golgi apparatus question 1 all the living cells, whether prokaryotes or the. View golgi apparatus research papers on academiaedu for free. Review & primary research articles examples home search this guide search review & primary research articles examples: home the golgi apparatus in blood.
Research papers clinical research journal publications events golgi apparatus: organization, function and diseases the golgi apparatus is a cellular. Studymode - premium and free essays, term papers & book notes cell and golgi apparatus have a great research document you think will help inspire other.
Explore the latest articles, projects, and questions and answers in golgi apparatus, and find golgi apparatus experts. Free essays & term papers - golgi apparatus professional research paper company to offer you up to 15 professional research papers per month for just. Golgi apparatus isolated from rat liver and comparison with other cell fractions this paper describes the phospholipid class distribution and fatty acid.


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BEGINNINGS OF MODERN TOWN PLANNING IN THE KINGDOM OF HUNGARY: THE CASES OF BRATISLAVA AND NOVI SAD
Languages of publication
The principles of modern urban planning began to be applied in the Kingdom of Hungary in the second half of the 19th century. In most cases, the first regulation plans appeared around 1900, when these cities were experiencing dynamic growth. The ideas generated in the first plans for regulation and long-term development pre-determined the development of these cities and has determined their form until today. The study considers the principles and approaches applied in modern planning at the turn of the century. Using the example of two cities – Bratislava and Nový Sad – it analyses the key terms applied in expert discussion at the time, their use in territorial planning practice and the contribution of the notable Hungarian city planning expert Antal Palóczi to this discussion.
977 – 990
Publication order reference


Acupressure Treasures: Lao Gong - Pericardium 8
Loa Gong - Pericardium 8
Loa Gong - Pericardium 8.
Lao Gong is an acupuncture point (Pericardium 8) and a minor chakra in the center of the palm of the hand, frequently employed by practitioners of energy healing modalities.
Lao Gong & Energy-Healing
Taoist practitioners and other energy healers who use qigong emission (external qi therapy) techniques to amplify and balance another person's qi (life-force energy) frequently use the palms of their hands as a place from which to emit energy. And you've probably seen photos, if not experienced in person, saints and healers from various spiritual traditions offering group blessings by extending the palms of their hands in the direction of their devotees. What's going on here?
Lao Gong - Palace Of Labor
As it turns out, the palm of the hand is home to one of the most powerful acupuncture points, which is considered also to be a minor chakra. The Chinese name for this point is Lao Gong, and it's the 8th point on the Pericardium meridian. "Gong" means palace, and "Lao" means labor or toil; so the point name is often translated as "palace of toil" or "palace of labor."
Pericardium 8 may have been named "palace of labor" for a very mundane reason: because the hands are the part of the body frequently used to engage in manual labor. A somewhat more interesting explanation is that, according to the Five Shen system, the heart is the residence of the "emperor" of all the shen. Since the pericardium is the sac that encases and protects the heart, we can think of it also as being the heart's (and emperor's) "palace," whose job (i.e. labor) it is to comfort and protect the king.
Pericardium 8 - Location
The classical location of this point is where the tip of the ring finger lands, in the palm of the hand, when we make a fist (i.e. between the 3rd and 4th metacarpal bones). Some modern texts define the location to be where the tip of the middle finger lands when we make a fist (i.e. between the 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones). You can use either location or a combination -- depending upon what you're intuitively drawn to.
As alluded to above, Lao Gong is used in all kinds of ways, in the context of qigong healing -- as a location from which to emit qi from one person to another person. Its classical acupuncture indications (i.e. the effect its stimulation has on our own bodymind) include calming the spirit and resolving fatigue.
How To Activate Lao Gong
To massage your own Lao Gong, simply rest one hand, palm up, on the fingers and palm of the other hand. Then, use the bottom hand's thumb to reach into the palm of the top hand. Apply moderate pressure, with the end or tip of your thumb, moving it in tiny circles, as you place your mental focus gently upon the point.
Another way to activate Lao Gong energy is to place the palms of your hands together in "prayer position" in front of your heart-center. Then separate the palms just slightly, so there's about an inch distance between them. With your attention resting gently in the space between the palms, begin to move your two hands in tiny circular motions, maintaining that one-inch distance between them. Notice what you feel.
Then, slowly, in a wave-like fashion, pull your hands apart, until there's five or six inches space between them; and then press them back toward each other, until they're almost but not quite touching. Repeat this movement, ten or fifteen times (with your eyes either open or closed), with your attention, once again, in the space between the palms, i.e. between the two Lao Gong points.
Chances are you'll begin to notice sensations of heat or tingling, or a sense of heaviness (or lightness), or a magnetic or taffy-like feeling in and between your palms. This, at least in part, is the activation of the Lao Gong points.
Once your Lao Gong points are activated in this way, you can use the Qi (life-force energy) flowing from the palms of your hands to nourish, support and harmonize the Qi of your friends and clients, via specific qigong healing techniques, or a more intuitive "laying on of hands."


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How will students develop programming skills while improving core teamwork skills in the classroom?
What does Merge do?
Merge is a flipped classroom learning environment that uses daily collaborative challenge labs to teach students to apply the programming concepts they learned for homework the night before. In addition to cementing their mastery of the curriculum, Merge teaches students to work together towards a common goal in a well-structured development process.
The integration of an AGILE workflow was important to the concept because it gives high-school aged teens the vocabulary and knowledge to contribute to software teams without needing to learn lots of jargon– theoretically, they could contribute to an open source project on Github as soon as they've mastered the concepts of programming, having already learned the software development process.
Each day in class, students complete a coding challenge in teams. This challenge is broken up into discrete phases, which enables students to stay on track and organized throughout each step of the project.
Merge's brand is based on three values: it is rigorous, intuitive, and crafted. The color palette is intentional and simple, and the typography is clean and out-of-the-way. Even the logo is designed to impart Merge's central feature: a collaborative process that makes learning to code easy and fun.
Producing a Video
The final deliverable for the project was a product walkthrough video. This video required its own set of processes and procedures as well, so I've included some of my process work from this phase of the project, including storyboarding and asset creation.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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I have a GUI (not very complex, just one dialog) and I would like to have it in two languages, notably German and English.
I might also do this for more complicated GUIs if it turns out not to be too difficult.
Now ... what would the easiest thing to do be? I know that one is supposed to use the string tables - but:
* How do I add the strings in differnet languages
* How do I determine what language will be used
* How do I specify what variables/strings to use in the static controls for example?
* How do I use the string table in my code such as in custom messagebox() calls ...


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Innovative Solutions To Global Problems
The Godley Family Foundation recognizes that the global challenges of quality health care and climate change are interconnected with issues of poverty, food systems, gender equity, peace and justice. We are committed to partnering with global changemakers to work on systemic changes necessary to achieve the ambitious UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Our priority funding areas generally fall into the following categories: Global Health, Climate Action, Women and Girls, and Rhode Island/New England.
In the health sector, we are particularly focused on increasing access to care, and building strong, effective and resilient health systems to meet the needs of underserved populations. Our partners in this area:
- Support the expansion of Community Health Worker programs to deliver primary health care in hard to reach areas;
- Promote timely access to health information through innovative technology platforms;
- Strengthen health systems through evidence-based training and education;
- Promote the intersection of community health, health care and environmental sustainability.
We are interested in supporting transformative social entrepreneurs who are working to mitigate or adapt to the global threat of climate change. In particular, we are focused on organizations that:
- Utilize innovative technology and information platforms to address climate change;
- Promote the intersection of community health and environmental sustainability;
- Support sustainable agriculture and the people who rely on them for their livelihoods;
- Promote grassroots-led efforts to protect the planet and the rights of people most impacted by climate change;
- Promote environmental justice and seek to include the voices of those most affected by environmental harms.
Women and Girls
We believe that empowering women and girls is one key aspect to improving health and impacting communities both in the United States and in developing countries. In this area we are interested in supporting organizations that:
- Advance health education so families are healthy and able to work;
- Increase access to healthcare, particularly for pregnant women and children;
- Reduce maternal and child mortality in severely resource-limited settings;
- Promote gender-focused entrepreneurship and sustainable ways of earning a living.
Rhode Island/New England
The Godley Family Foundation works in partnership with the Rhode Island Foundation and other partners to support a range of organizations in our local community.


Wazeesupperclub.com News How do I copy a SQL table from one table to another?
How do I copy a SQL table from one table to another?
How do I copy a SQL table from one table to another?
The first method is called Simple Cloning and as its name implies it create a table from another table without taking into account any column attributes and indexes.
 1. CREATE TABLE new_table SELECT * FROM original_table;
 2. CREATE TABLE adminUsers SELECT * FROM users;
 3. CREATE TABLE new_table LIKE original_table;
How do I copy a table structure with data in SQL Server?
Right-click on the database name, then select "Tasks" > "Export data…" from the object explorer. The SQL Server Import/Export wizard opens; click on "Next". Provide authentication and select the source from which you want to copy the data; click "Next". Specify where to copy the data to; click on "Next".
How do I copy a table in SQL?
Cloning or Copying a Table
 1. CREATE TABLE new_table LIKE original_table;
 2. INSERT INTO new_table SELECT * FROM original_table;
 3. mysql> CREATE TABLE employees_clone LIKE employees;
 4. mysql> INSERT INTO employees_clone SELECT * FROM employees;
 5. CREATE TABLE new_table SELECT * FROM original_table;
How data can be copied from one table to another table?
The INSERT INTO SELECT statement copies data from one table and inserts it into another table. The INSERT INTO SELECT statement requires that the data types in source and target tables match. Note: The existing records in the target table are unaffected.
How do you copy a table?
To copy the table, press CTRL+C. To cut the table, press CTRL+X.
How do you duplicate a table with data in SQL?
How to Duplicate a Table in MySQL
 1. CREATE TABLE new_table AS SELECT * FROM original_table; Please be careful when using this to clone big tables.
 2. CREATE TABLE new_table LIKE original_table;
 3. INSERT INTO new_table SELECT * FROM original_table;
How do I make a copy of a table?
How to Duplicate a Table in MySQL
 1. CREATE TABLE new_table AS SELECT * FROM original_table;
 2. CREATE TABLE new_table LIKE original_table;
 3. INSERT INTO new_table SELECT * FROM original_table;
How can I copy data from one table to another in BigQuery?
In the Cloud Console, go to the BigQuery page. Click Data transfers. Select a transfer for which you want to view the transfer details. On the Transfer details page, select a transfer run.
How do you copy and paste without losing formatting?
To paste without formatting, press Ctrl+Shift+V instead of Ctrl+V. This works in a wide variety of applications, including web browsers like Google Chrome. It should work on Windows, Chrome OS, and Linux. On a Mac, press Command+Option+Shift+V to "paste and match formatting" instead.
How can I duplicate a table in MySQL?
How do I duplicate a record in SQL Server?
First, define criteria for duplicates: values in a single column or multiple columns….Using GROUP BY clause to find duplicates in a table
 1. First, the GROUP BY clause groups the rows into groups by values in both a and b columns.
 2. Second, the COUNT() function returns the number of occurrences of each group (a,b).
How do I copy a table in SQL Developer?
Create a duplicate table in Oracle database
 1. Create an exact copy of the table within the same schema.
 2. Copy only the table structure without copying data.
 3. Insert duplicate data into an already existing table.
 4. Copy a table between different database schemas.
 5. Use the GUI tool to implement any type of table copying.


Trials of Passion
Crimes in the Name of Love and Madness
This book journeys into the heart of dark passions and the crimes they impel. When passion is in the picture, what is criminal, what sane, what mad or simply bad?
Brighton, 1870: A well-respected spinster infuses chocolate creams with strychnine in order to murder her lover's wife.
Paris, 1880: A popular performer stalks her betraying lover through the streets of the city for weeks and finally takes aim.
New York, 1906: A millionaire shoots dead a prominent architect in full view of a theatre audience.
Through court and asylum records, letters and newspaper accounts,this book brings to life a period when the psychiatric professions were consolidating their hold on our understanding of what is human. An increasingly popular press allowed the public unprecedented insight into accounts of transgressive sexuality,savage jealousy and forbidden desires.
With great story-telling flair, Lisa Appignanesi teases out the vagaries of passion and the clashes between the law and the clinic as they stumble towards a (sometimes reviled) collaboration. Sexual etiquette and class roles, attitudes to love, madness and gender, notions of respectability and honour, insanity and lunacy, all are at play in that vital forum in which public opinion is shaped - the theatre of the courtroom.
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October 29, 2010 Leave a comment
Danish development policy is increasingly removing itself from its focus on poverty alleviation and capacity building that it adhered to ten years ago, even though the phraseology or choice of words of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Development and Cooperation Ministry has tended to remain somewhat the same.
The ministry still talks of democracy, human rights, and poverty alleviation, although perhaps not as much as ten years ago, but the policies it implements are essentially neoliberal, even though neoliberal development policies have shown themselves to be incompatible with implementing the above-mentioned ideals. If you read the Danish government's new strategies it becomes clear that "private sector driven economical growth" is seen as the main way of ensuring poverty alleviation and that growth is one of the five main priority areas in Danish development policy. Read more of this post


text: This 112-sheet manuscript includes depictions of contestants equipped for various tournaments; a parade preceding a late form of tournament called a carrousel; participants in tournaments known as Gesellenstrechen, or bachelors' jousts, held in Nuremberg between 1446 and 1561; and depictions of pageant sleighs, some of which were used in a parade held in the winter of 1640–41. The illustrations are probably the work of a Briefmaler, or letter painter, who also would have written and embellished official documents and painted coats-of-arms.In many instances, the names of the tournament participants are written above them. They are armed for the Gestech, the joust fought with blunt lances. A helmet and a four-pronged lance head similar to those in the album are also on display in gallery 373 (acc. nos. 29.156.67a, 42.50.40). Albums such as this provide an invaluable record of the jousters' colorful costumes, fanciful crests, and humorous, often satirical emblems that decorated the jouster's shields and horse trappings.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Vice President of Colombia
|This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
The Vice President of Colombia is the first in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of Colombia upon leaves of absence or death, resignation, or removal of the President, as designated by the Colombian Constitution of 1991 which also reinstated the vice president figure after almost a century of being abolished during the presidency of Rafael Núñez. The Vice President cannot assume Presidential functions on temporary absences of the President such as official trips abroad or vacations. In these cases, the President delegates functions to a cabinet member, usually the Minister of the Interior. The current Vice President of Colombia is German Vargas Lleras.
The vice president must be a natural-born citizen of Colombia, at least 30 years of age. The Colombian Constitution of 1991 requires the vice president to meet the same eligibility requirements as the president that can be re-elected. It is also eligible for an unlimited number of terms as vice president.
The Vice President has the same period of functions that the President of Colombia and will replace him in case of temporary or complete absences. The Vice President can also be authorized by the President special missions (like to represent him on international diplomatic visits) or designate him in any position of the Colombian Executive branch of Power.
Every President has defined the Vice President's functions within their government.
According to the Decree 2719 of December 17, 2000 in the Colombian Constitution of 1991 which modified the structure of the Administrative Department of the Presidency of the Republic, the functions of the Vice President are:
- To execute special missions set by the President of Colombia and in accordance with the Colombian Constitution.
- Advise the President on the execution of policies and politics regarding Human Rights and Corruption.
- Collaborate with the Colombian government's management of international and national activities regarding Human Rights and corruption.
- Plan mechanisms to harmonize agreements between the different levels of the executive government in Colombia on issues regarding Human Rights and corruption.
- Represent Colombia internationally as ordered by the President.
- By determination of the President, the Vice President will support and advise the President on other issues.
- Other functions will be addressed according to the needs of the President.
- List of Vice Presidents of Colombia
- Presidential Designate
- President of Colombia
- Human rights in Colombia
- List of current vice presidents
- Vice Presidencia de Colombia official website
- Biblioteca Luis Angel Arango - List of Vice Presidents of Colombia


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I don't have much experience with amateur satellites and I went to the AMSAT website to track a few passes. Two of the terms are "Maximum Elevation" and "Max El Azimuth"
I go to look up the terms, and I find this link _URL_
For Max El Azimuth, they say
Max El Azimuth - this is the maximum height the satellite should reach on this pass, as viewed from your location - a height of 90 degrees would be straight overhead.
But I see values higher than 90 on the AMSAT pass tracker online and am confused. And the Maximum elevation says values less than 90 degrees.
Just to be sure, what exactly is the difference between Maximum Elevation and Maximum El Azimuth?


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Train dispatching is a task that requires the absolute coordination of various elements for the safe and efficient movement of railroad traffic. Train dispatchers manage the entire process of the use of railroad tracks. On the surface, train dispatching seems a simple task that includes routing scheduled trains that arrive on time to predefined tracks, but things are not as simple as they seem.
There are hundreds of unprecedented scenarios that require train dispatchers in the USA to make dynamic decisions. In this post, we will look at the common challenges professional train dispatchers face in train dispatching.
Delays in train arrival
The art of anticipation is key to efficient railroad traffic management. Train dispatchers take various factors into account, such as the characteristics of the train, the conditions of the track, the weather and the time of day, which can influence the movement of a train on the track. But still, delays are inevitable. Delays in the arrival of one train has the potential to disrupt the entire predefined schedule and routing. This requires dynamic decision-making to ensure that delays do not affect the schedule of other trains. Even if they do, the impact should be minimized.
This is the most common challenge faced by train dispatchers. Scheduled maintenance is easy to manage but track outages, sudden track repairs and maintenance, and unnoticed changes in the physical characteristics of tracks can disturb an existing operating plan. Train dispatchers need to re-route trains and ensure that priority trains containing hazardous materials or restricted shipments pass on time. In the case of scheduled maintenance, the focus of the train dispatcher is to facilitate maintenance when tracks are least busy.
High demand on track usage
Considering railroad is the cheapest way to haul freight overland, you can assume that track usage is always in high demand. According to the Association of American Railroads (AAR), the U.S. freight train system leads the world in volume of traffic, revenue, the amount of freight hauled, affordability, miles of track and other measures. It is the highly-skilled train dispatchers of professional freight dispatch services that monitor train movement beyond their territory, maintain familiarity with scheduled trains, destinations, times of arrivals and departures, balance multiple demands placed on-track usage, anticipate delays and make rapid decisions to ensure high demand is served in the best possible manner.
Every now and then, unexpected events occur, sometimes due to weather conditions, sometimes due to mechanical failures, sometimes due to natural obstructions and sometimes due to alleged violations of operating rules. Train dispatchers don't just coordinate the traffic movement but are also responsible for incident reporting. Managing such unprecedented scenarios requires dynamic decision-making, good communication and cooperation.
These are the common challenges faced by train dispatchers.
If you are looking for a good train dispatcher to manage train dispatching, you can hire our RailRCS professional GCOR and NORAC-qualified train dispatchers.
Our dispatchers are fully-trained on physical characteristics, GCOR/NORAC operating rules, hazardous materials, security awareness, Federal Hours of Service laws and various other important operational materials.


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Roman Emperor Clodius Albinus (195-197 AD)
Born c. 140 AD in Africa as Decimus Clodius Septimus Albinus. He was appointed governor of Britain between 191 and 192 AD. While supp ortive of Pertinax when he was raised to the purple, he opposed Didius Julianus upon his succession. Albinus accepted the rank of Caes ar under Septimius Severus after Julianus was deposed in April 193 AD. In December 195 AD he, along with three legions, left Britain f or Lugdunum and was there proclaimed Augustus. Severus returned from his Parthian campaign to put down Albinus's revolt and defeated h im at Lugdunum. Albinus committed suicide on 19 February 197 AD.
Listing of Roman Emperors and their Family | Index of Coin Papers


Can You Deposit A Check Without A Signature?
 - Post category:Money Misc.
Financial checks are designed to let people exchange money directly between bank accounts. Because these accounts and your money should remain secure, both parties — the giving and receiving — are required to permit the money to be exchanged. The payer does this by signing the check. But what happens if the payer gives you a check that they didn't sign? We've researched this and have come up with the answer.
Some banks will let you deposit a check that wasn't signed but will ask for a guarantee that you are the intended payee. Check with your bank to learn their policies. Your best bet is to ask the payer to rewrite the check, filling it out correctly.
We understand that your money is important to you, so we're excited to help you understand how to solve this problem. Please read on for more information about depositing checks, correcting errors, and other related topics. Let's get started!
Businessman's Hand Signing Check On Glass Desk, Can You Deposit A Check Without A Signature?
Can you deposit a check without a signature?
Woman's hand writing a check to pay the bills, with calculator and an invoice on the desktop
Banks require a signature from the person whose account will be charged the amount written on the check. This is generally an effective way to verify that the person is giving the money to the payee. It eliminates fraud in most cases since the payer's signature can be matched with what's written on the check in the case of a dispute.
In general, the payer is not liable for a check unless they've signed it; that's the verifiable way to process the money. However, if the person forgot to sign at all but has given a person the check, they will still be on the hook for it. Treat it like a bad check: the payer still owes you the money.
The best way to make sure this never happens is to make sure the payer has signed the check before accepting it. You should proofread any check given to you to allow the payer to correct any errors, not just forgetting to sign it. That will save you an awkward and potentially confrontational conversation later.
That's not always possible, like in the case of a business that prints their checks or if someone has mailed one to you. If you've received a check that isn't signed, you have a couple of options. The first is to ask the payer to write you a new one. If this is a person with whom you've done business before or is someone you know and trust, this shouldn't be a problem.
If it's a stranger or a business of some sort, this might be trickier. You can ask your bank about their particular policy. Some will absolutely not accept an unsigned check for any reason. Others, though, might have a way around the issue.
Guaranteeing a Check
For instance, one common fix is to "guarantee" the check. Essentially what you're doing is giving your word that this check was given to you in good faith, even though it was unsigned. If your bank accepts this, they're assuming that there won't be a problem. If there is a dispute from the payer, your bank will have a process that you must undergo.
To guarantee a check, endorse it like normal. Then, in the endorsement section, add a line that says "lack of signature guaranteed." If you can, take the check to a teller and deposit it in person. This is the best way to ensure that it will be deposited.
Forgetting to sign a check might not be a correctable mistake. However, there are some check-writing errors that you can correct. This article has more details: "How to Correct a Mistake on a Check."
What Happens If You Deposit A Check Without Signing It?
If you deposit a check without signing it — also known as endorsing it — there's a good chance that it will get rejected. Endorsing the check is a process that includes signing it and verifies that the money will go to the correct person and account. Most banks ask for it as a way to reduce errors or fraudulent activity.
If you take your check into a bank to deposit it, the teller should look for an endorsement as soon as you hand it to them. You'll be asked to endorse it before he or she deposits it into your account. You'll also be asked which account you'd like the money to be deposited, or whether or not you'd like to cash it.
At an ATM or via mobile deposit, not signing the check could lead to it being rejected. Oftentimes, the automated system will accept the check at first but will catch the error later in the process. With a mobile deposit, that shouldn't be a problem since you can then endorse the check and try again. But at an ATM that has already taken the check, you'll need to ask for the payer to write another one.
Where Do You Endorse A Check With No Line?
The check's endorsement section is usually one and a half inches long and the same width as the check. Usually, you can find it on the same end as the numeric amount is on the front. Oftentimes this section will be marked by a box and instructions such as "endorse here."
This is still the endorsement section, even if it isn't explicitly outlined or doesn't have a signature line. In this case, go ahead and endorse the check as you normally would. Try to keep it all within the one and a half-inch area and put your signature at the top.
Want more information about endorsing checks? Read this article: "What Does Endorsing a Check Mean?
Can Someone Deposit A Check For You?
Someone can deposit a check for you in person as long as you've endorsed the check, or the person who's depositing it writes the phrase "for deposit only" in the endorsement section. Basically, the bank won't have a problem depositing money into your account as long as you're the intended recipient. There are a few ways to make this process easier for the friend who's helping you deposit it.
The most secure way to make sure the money gets into your account is to write a deposit slip for your friend. A deposit slip is a form used by many banks to make the teller's job easier and ensure that everything is happening appropriately. If you have a deposit slip handy, fill one out and give it to your friend with the check.
Assuming you don't have a stack of deposit slips at home, you can write the account number in the endorsement section, under your signature. This will help the bank make sure it gets into the right account since you aren't there to show them identification. For further safety, write the phrase "for deposit only" in the endorsement section.
In fact, you don't even have to write your account number in the endorsement section if you don't want to. The phrase "for deposit only" means that your friend can't cash the check, which means the teller won't give them cash in exchange for the check. The riskiest thing you can do when asking someone else to deposit a check for you is to sign it only. This is called a "blank endorsement." This lets the person depositing it tell the teller they want to cash it.
In Closing
If a person writes you a check but forgets to sign it, consider asking them to rewrite it. If that's unreasonable or impossible, your bank might let you guarantee the check, even if it doesn't have a signature. You'll have to check with your bank's specific regulations. Also, pay attention to how you endorse checks to make sure it gets into the right account.
We hope this article has shown you how to handle this unfortunate situation. Good luck!


ifelse {base}R Documentation
Conditional Element Selection
Description
ifelse returns a value with the same shape as test which is filled with elements selected from either yes or no depending on whether the element of test is TRUE or FALSE.
Usage
ifelse(test, yes, no)
Arguments
test
an object which can be coerced to logical mode.
yes
return values for true elements of test.
no
return values for false elements of test.
Details
If yes or no are too short, their elements are recycled. yes will be evaluated if and only if any element of test is true, and analogously for no.
Missing values in test give missing values in the result.
Value
A vector of the same length and attributes (including dimensions and "class") as test and data values from the values of yes or no. The mode of the answer will be coerced from logical to accommodate first any values taken from yes and then any values taken from no.
Warning
The mode of the result may depend on the value of test (see the examples), and the class attribute (see oldClass) of the result is taken from test and may be inappropriate for the values selected from yes and no.
Sometimes it is better to use a construction such as
 (tmp <- yes; tmp[!test] <- no[!test]; tmp)
, possibly extended to handle missing values in test.
Further note that if(test) yes else no is much more efficient and often much preferable to ifelse(test, yes, no) whenever test is a simple true/false result, i.e., when length(test) == 1.
The srcref attribute of functions is handled specially: if test is a simple true result and yes evaluates to a function with srcref attribute, ifelse returns yes including its attribute (the same applies to a false test and no argument). This functionality is only for backwards compatibility, the form if(test) yes else no should be used whenever yes and no are functions.
References
Becker, R. A., Chambers, J. M. and Wilks, A. R. (1988) The New S Language. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole.
See Also
if.
Examples
x <- c(6:-4)
sqrt(x) #- gives warning
sqrt(ifelse(x >= 0, x, NA)) # no warning
## Note: the following also gives the warning !
ifelse(x >= 0, sqrt(x), NA)
## ifelse() strips attributes
## This is important when working with Dates and factors
x <- seq(as.Date("2000-02-29"), as.Date("2004-10-04"), by = "1 month")
## has many "yyyy-mm-29", but a few "yyyy-03-01" in the non-leap years
y <- ifelse(as.POSIXlt(x)$mday == 29, x, NA)
head(y) # not what you expected ... ==> need restore the class attribute:
class(y) <- class(x)
y
## This is a (not atypical) case where it is better *not* to use ifelse(),
## but rather the more efficient and still clear:
y2 <- x
y2[as.POSIXlt(x)$mday != 29] <- NA
## which gives the same as ifelse()+class() hack:
stopifnot(identical(y2, y))
## example of different return modes (and 'test' alone determining length):
yes <- 1:3
no <- pi^(1:4)
utils::str( ifelse(NA, yes, no) ) # logical, length 1
utils::str( ifelse(TRUE, yes, no) ) # integer, length 1
utils::str( ifelse(FALSE, yes, no) ) # double, length 1
[Package base version 3.5.0 Index]


Banded linsang
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 (Redirected from Banded Linsang)
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Banded linsang
Prionodon linsang - Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria - Genoa, Italy - DSC02704.JPG
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Prionodontidae
Genus: Prionodon
Species: P. linsang
Binomial name
Prionodon linsang[2]
(Hardwicke, 1821)
Banded Linsang area.png
Banded linsang range
The banded linsang (Prionodon linsang) is a linsang, a tree-dwelling carnivorous mammal native to the Sundaic region of Southeast Asia.[1]
Characteristics[edit]
The banded linsang is around 74 cm (29 in) long including the tail. It is a pale yellow with 5 dark bands. It has broad stripes on its neck and its tail consists of several dark bands with a dark tip. The banded linsang has very sharp retractable claws and razor sharp teeth.
Distribution and habitat[edit]
The banded linsang has been recorded in southern Myanmar, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, and the Sunda Islands of Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Bangka and Belitung Islands. It lives in evergreen forests. In Thailand and Malaysia it has been recorded in deciduous forest, and in Sarawak also in secondary forest and close to oil palm plantations.[1]
In 2013, a banded linsang was recorded for the first time by a camera-trap in the hill forests of Karen State.[3]
Ecology and behaviour[edit]
The banded linsang is nocturnal and usually solitary.[4]
Very little is known about the banded linsang's reproduction. It is thought that litters of 2–3 are born semiannually in a nest in burrows or hollow trees.[5]
Taxonomy[edit]
Until recently the two species of Asiatic linsangs were considered to be members of the family Viverridae and to be related to the morphologically similar genets. However, recent genetic taxonomy investigations have strongly suggested that the Asiatic linsangs are a sister-group of the cat family, Felidae. It has been proposed that the Asiatic linsangs be placed in the monogeneric family Prionodontidae.[6]
References[edit]
 1. ^ a b c Duckworth, J.W.; Mathai, J.; Chutipong, W.; Brodie, J. & Wilting, A. (2016). "Prionodon linsang". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2017-1. International Union for Conservation of Nature.
 2. ^ Wozencraft, W.C. (2005). "Order Carnivora". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 532–628. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
 3. ^ Saw Sha Bwe Moo, Froese, G.Z.L., Gray, T. N.E. (2017). "First structured camera-trap surveys in Karen State, Myanmar, reveal high diversity of globally threatened mammals". Oryx: first view. doi:10.1017/S0030605316001113.
 4. ^ Jennings, A.P. and Veron, G. (2015). Predicted distributions, niche comparisons, and conservation status of the Spotted Linsang (Prionodon pardicolor) and Banded Linsang (Prionodon linsang). Mammal Research 60: 107–116.
 5. ^ Whitfield, P., ed. (1984). Macmillan Illustrated Animal Encyclopedia. Macmillan Publishing Company. p. 92. ISBN 0-02-627680-1.
 6. ^ Gaubert, P. and Veron, G. (2003). "Exhaustive sample set among Viverridae reveals the sister-group of felids: the linsangs as a case of extreme morphological convergence within Feliformia". Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B, 270 (1532): 2523–2530. doi:10.1098/rspb.2003.2521
External links[edit]


text:
Pathology is a medical specialty that focuses on determining the cause and nature of diseases. By analysing and testing body tissue and fluids, pathology enables medical professionals to diagnose and treat patients correctly. Australian Medical Laboratory and Pathology services are integral to the health of all Australians, with 70% of all medical decisions and 100% of cancer diagnoses relying upon a pathology test. To understand more about Australian pathology and register your support see Know Pathology.
Each year, SDS's pathologists, scientists and staff analyse and report in excess of fifteen million patient cases and conduct in excess of fifty million patient tests. SDS operates over 100 medical laboratories, employs in excess of 300 specialist pathologists, 6,000 dedicated scientists, phlebotomists and support staff, and operates approximately 2,000 patient collection centres across metropolitan, regional and remote Australia.
SDS practices provide 1 in every 3 pathology services provided in Australia, extending from being the only pathology provider to remote and central Australian aboriginal communities to exclusively servicing some of Australia's largest and most complex and acute private and public hospitals.
Primary's mission in pathology is to deliver better insights into the health of more Australians.
SDS operates its medical laboratory and pathology service through a variety of different specialty and geographical practices including:
QML Pathology was founded in the 1920s to serve Queensland medical practitioners and their patients, and is now recognised as one of the most respected and innovative pathology providers in Australia, having pioneered numerous testing and service advances for the Australian patient. It operates over 20 laboratories throughout regional and metropolitan Queensland and has over 500 patient collection centres throughout far northern NSW and Regional Queensland. Click here to find your nearest QML Pathology patient collection centre.
Laverty Pathology services metropolitan Sydney, ACT and regional New South Wales. SDS and its predecessor practices can trace their foundations back to 1928, with the establishment of Dr Eva Shipton's medical laboratory in Macquarie Street in Sydney. Dr Shipton was one of Australia's first female specialist pathologists, and her practice grew steadily through the addition of a number of well-known pathology practices and in 2008, SDS merged with Symbion Laverty Pathology to become one of Australia's largest pathology practices, and today is known as "Laverty Pathology."
Dorevitch Pathology is Victoria's premier medical laboratory and pathology provider. With a team of approximately 50 specialist pathologists, Dorevitch operates over 30 specialist laboratories across the state servicing some of the largest and most complex acute public and private hospitals. This expertise is supported by a network of approximately 500 patient sample collection centres throughout the Victorian Community.
Tasmanian Medical Laboratories represents the newest addition to our state based practices, with two laboratories established in Launceston and Hobart in 2014. Despite still being early days, these laboratories are supported by an increasing number of patient collection centres throughout the state as doctors and their patients increasingly prefer the quality, accessibility and affordability of the service offered by our new practice.
Western Diagnostic Pathology services an area the size of Western Europe with its pathology services extending from the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara lands in central Australia, to Arnhem land in the North, and Albany in the South. It provides specialist pathology expertise to Perth's most acute public and private hospitals and services the needs of community general practitioners throughout the state including through the provision of over 100 patient collection centres.
Gastrolab is SDS's specialist gastrointestinal laboratory focused upon gut and bowel diagnostics. Gastrolab's current focus is upon the diagnosis, management of and differentiation between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Genomic Diagnostics is SDS's specialist genomic analysis laboratory. We have a long lasting leadership position in genomics extending from being the first private laboratory in Australia to offer polymerase chain reaction testing for detection of the DNA of viruses in the 1990s (now considered the gold standard), to being the first private pathology provider to provide next generation sequencing for diagnostic testing. Genomic Diagnostics is a recognised leader in genomic testing including:
- The largest non-government diagnostic genetic sequencing facility in Australia
- One of the largest genetically characterised tissue banks in Australia
- The largest databases of cancer mutations in Australia, and arguably the largest database of BRCA (breast cancer) mutations in the world (outside of Myriad Genetics)
- A forensic testing laboratory that was the first non-government laboratory to obtain NATA accreditation for DNA forensics
Newly constructed in 2016, Kossard Dermatopathologists is a dedicated, specialist Dermatopathology laboratory, conveniently co-located with Laverty Pathology in Sydney. Kossard Dermatopathologists is home to two internationally renowned, dual-qualified Clinical Specialist Dermatologists and Dermatopathologists, and several other senior and deeply experienced Australian Dermatopathologists. This team brings unrivalled intellectual diagnostic resources to bear upon the skin biopsies it receives, to the exacting standards of its many Specialist Dermatologist referrers, and for those other Skin Practitioners who demand access to the same standard for their patients.
IQ Pathology is a specialised dermatopathology laboratory providing comprehensive histopathology services throughout Queensland and northern New South Wales. With a strong emphasis on high-quality dermatopathology diagnostics, our services are provided for patients of specialists involved in the management of all aspects of skin disease. We employ more than 40 skilled and dedicated staff who perform only histologic testing.


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UFO Sighting Report - Canada
June 18th 2007 : Kamloops, British Columbia
UFOINFO Sighting Form Report
Location: Kamloops, BC, Canada
Date: 9:20 PM PST. June 18, 2007 Lat 50 40.60N Long 120 21.02W
Approach Direction: one object, traveling North-East to South-West.
Departure Direction: South-West, disappearing into the shadow cast by the earth. visible for about 4 seconds.
Witness Direction: West
Description: walking East along a park lane with our dog, I glanced West up into a clear blue evening sky and saw a glittering object pass between the moon and Venus then vanish while going on a straight southerly trajectory. The remarkable thing about the object was that it appeared to be only 10 KM away at about 40 degrees POV angle, however I realized it was much further away and glittering from the rays of the sun that had already gone below the horizon. It became invisible once it had entered the earth's shadow.
Color/Shape: a polished chrome triangular-shaped object that caught the rays of the sun, making it glitter as it spiraled. Imagine a highly-polished hunting arrow shape that rotates as it travels, causing the sun to glitter off its surface with each rotation.
From my POV it is possible the object was not earthbound, but rather entering and exiting the stratosphere at an oblique angle. If it was in the stratosphere it was larger than a passenger jet. The object's glittering was brighter than Venus, which was also visible at the same moment.
Height & Speed: the object matched the speed of a meteor without any vapour trail or sound, glittering in the sun then disappearing into the earth's shadow.


text:
Ariyalur to Cuddalore distance, location, road map and direction
Ariyalur is located in India
at the longitude of 79.08 and latitude of 11.14. Cuddalore is located in India
at the longitude of 79.77 and latitude of 11.74.
- Driving Distance : 126 KM and 354 meters / 78.5 miles.
- Straight Line Distance : 100 KM and 900 meters / 62.7 miles.
- Travel time : 2 hours and 26 minutes.
- Direction and bearing : North East side, 48 degree.
Distance between Ariyalur and Cuddalore
The total straight line distance between Ariyalur and Cuddalore is 100 KM
(kilometers) and 900 meters. The miles based distance from Ariyalur to Cuddalore is 62.7
miles. This is a straight line distance and so most of the time the actual travel distance between Ariyalur and Cuddalore may be higher or vary due to curvature of the road.
The driving distance or the travel distance between Ariyalur to Cuddalore is 126 KM and 354 meters. The mile based, road distance between these two travel point is 78.5 miles.
Time Difference between Ariyalur and Cuddalore
The sun rise time difference or the actual time difference between Ariyalur and Cuddalore is 0 hours, 2 minutes and 45 seconds
Ariyalur and Cuddalore time calculation is based on UTC time of the particular city. It may vary from country standard time, local time etc.
Ariyalur To Cuddalore travel time
Ariyalur is located around 100 KM away from Cuddalore so if you travel at the consistent speed of 50 KM per hour you can reach Cuddalore in 2 hours and 26 minutes. Your Cuddalore travel time may vary due to your bus speed, train speed or depending upon the vehicle you use.
Ariyalur to Cuddalore Bus
Bus timings from Ariyalur to Cuddalore is around 2 hours and 26 minutes
when your bus maintains an average speed of sixty kilometer per hour over the course of your journey. The estimated travel time from Ariyalur to Cuddalore by bus may vary or it will take more time than the above mentioned time due to the road condition and different travel route. Travel time has been calculated based on crow fly distance so there may not be any road or bus connectivity also.
Bus fare from Ariyalur to Cuddalore
may be around Rs.95.
Midway point between Ariyalur To Cuddalore
Mid way point or halfway place is a center point between source and destination location. The mid way point between Ariyalur and Cuddalore is situated at the latitude of 11.442536817488 and the longitude of 79.423003773107. If you need refreshment you can stop around this midway place, after checking the safety,feasibility, etc.
Ariyalur To Cuddalore road map
Cuddalore is located nearly North East
side to Ariyalur. The bearing degree from Ariyalur To Cuddalore is 48 ° degree
. The given North East direction from Ariyalur is only approximate. The given google map shows the direction in which the blue color line indicates road connectivity to Cuddalore. In the travel map towards Cuddalore you may find en route hotels, tourist spots, picnic spots, petrol pumps and various religious places. The given google map is not comfortable to view all the places as per your expectation then to view street maps, local places see our detailed map here.
Ariyalur To Cuddalore driving direction
The following diriving direction guides you to reach Cuddalore from Ariyalur. Our straight line distance may vary from google distance.
Travel Distance from Ariyalur
The onward journey distance may vary from downward distance due to one way traffic road. This website gives the travel information and distance for all the cities in the globe. For example if you have any queries like what is the distance between Ariyalur and Cuddalore? and How far is Ariyalur from Cuddalore?. Driving distance between Ariyalur and Cuddalore. Ariyalur to Cuddalore distance by road. Distance between Ariyalur and Cuddalore is 100 KM / 62.3 miles. distance between Ariyalur and Cuddalore by road. It will answer those queires aslo. Some popular travel routes and their links are given here :-
Travelers and visitors are welcome to write more travel information about Ariyalur and Cuddalore.
- It can be your previous travel experience between Ariyalur and Cuddalore.
- Available transport routes to reach Cuddalore like train routes, bus routes, air routes and cruise routes.
- Tourist places or any other important places on the routes between Ariyalur and Cuddalore.
- Hotels, restaurant information on the way to Cuddalore.
- Photos related to Ariyalur and Cuddalore or en route.
- Travel queries and other relavent information related to this page.


License article
She Said Theatre makes Sydney debut with Fallen, an all-female provocation
These days, the London suburb of Shepherd's Bush is best known for its BBC facilities, its permanent market, and Loftus Road, home ground of Queens Park Rangers FC.
But in the 1840s, what is now a densely developed area was semi-rural, with tracts of open farmland. An ideal environment, thought the novelist Charles Dickens, for a home for "fallen" women.
Urania Cottage, the residential reformatory for women Dickens set up with financial backing from a banking heiress, is a biographical footnote in the life of the prodigiously energetic novelist and social reform advocate. Few knew anything of it until British writer Jenny Hartley published Charles Dickens and the House of Fallen Women in 2008.
Now Urania Cottage is the inspiration for a new Australian play, Fallen, written by Seanna van Helten and staged by the Melbourne-based She Said Theatre.
So what was a "fallen woman" and what did you do to become one?
"Maybe you grew up in an orphanage, or your father ended up in a debtor's prison," says Penny Harpham, company co-founder and the director of Fallen. "Or you could be a petty thief or a sex worker."
Dickens, she explains, would go into the streets and gaols and hand-select women he thought suitable for reform. "He was looking for something in their character he deemed worthy," Harpham says.
Dickens believed fallen women could wipe the slate clean through training in the household arts, reading, gardening and learning the piano. His goal was to reform the women so they were fit for export to the colonies as marriage material.
"I read the book and I thought, this is insane," says Harpham. "No one knows about this. We are talking about how Australia was founded, on these people being sent to Australia. We are still sorting this out. By zooming in on this really specific time, we can show people how it still resonates today."
Fallen doesn't offer conventional period drama. Instead, van Helten and Harpham use the historical record as a springboard into an examination of Victorian patriarchy and its ongoing echoes.
"We are coming at this as contemporary feminist theatremakers," Harpham says. "We are asking questions. Our story tells of a year in the life of this house and the relationships, desires, disappointments and heartbreaks these women experience as they enter into the program, then start to question the program itself."
Fallen marks the Sydney debut of She Said Theatre, which Harpham and van Helten, both VCA graduates, formed in response to the gender imbalance in creative positions in theatre.
"We have men in the company but we have a rule that on every project, we have more women than men," Harpham says. "We don't ever want to get into a position where we say, 'wow, why aren't there many female voices in the room?'"
She Said Theatre also addresses diversity issues by ensuring that in every production, there are opportunities for those the mainstream theatre industry might be overlooking.
For Moreblessing Maturure, Fallen offers a rare opportunity to work in a "colour-blind" environment.
"I'm originally from Zimbabwe, so for me to play in an Australian period piece is really exciting," Maturure says. "My character is Julia, a young girl who has been living on the streets ever since she lost her father – she literally lost him in the crowd on [Queen Victoria's] Coronation Day and never saw him again, and so she found herself in this house. For her it's safer and she wants to learn how to be a 'better woman'."
Rebecca Montalti plays Isabella, one of the hard cases in the home. "She might see herself as the leader of the pack but I see her as someone who is scared and fragile and vulnerable," Montalti says. "She acts out of fear, like any bully."
Chantelle Jamieson plays Rosina, an upper class girl whose father has gone bankrupt. "We meet her dealing with the constraints that this institution is putting on her," Jamieson says. "Dickens set it up for positive reasons but there's no single way of being female that fits everybody. They are all struggling to fit the mould."
Where Seymour Centre, Chippendale
When April 6-22, Tuesday-Friday, 7.30pm, Saturday, 2pm & 7.30pm, $35-$44, seymourcentre.com
Stars Lucy Goleby, Megan Holloway, Chantelle Jamieson, Abbie-lee Lewis, Moreblessing Maturure, Rebecca Monalti, Eloise Winestock
Director Penny Harpham


text: In August 1999, the Indian Navy placed an order for four Ka-31 helicopters and a contract for an additional five was signed in February 2001. Total value of all nine helicopters is estimated at US $207 million. The first Ka-31 for the Indian Navy made its debut flight on 16 May 2001 and the first two of nine Ka-31 helicopters completed tests at the Kamov's Chkalovsky airfield near Moscow. The first batch of four aircraft was officially inducted into the Indian Naval Air Arm in April 2003 and the second batch arrived by the end of 2004. In Indian Navy service, these helicopters operate from surface combatants and shore bases. Due to its limitations in terms of endurance, the helicopter will be fitted with a helicopter-to-helicopter in-flight refuelling capability. The first three photographs in this album were taken on 10 February 2006, at INS Dega in Vizag, during the Presidential Fleet Review at the Eastern Naval Command. The other images were scanned from a Kamov brochure, which illustrates the capabilities of this Russian AEW [Airborne Early Warning] helicopter. The third page in the brochure depicts IN 561 [both corners] ---» the Indian Navy's first helicopter in the Ka-31 series.


text:
Destruction of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS) is prominent in many clinico-pathologic conditions. Among animal models that reproduce the pathological features of deand remyelination processes, the mouse model of cuprizone administration is widely used. Both hyperactivity and motor impairment have been reported upon cuprizone exposure. The aim of the present study was to assess behaviour in mice after CPZ withdrawal.To summarize, animals showed hypo-activity and deficits in motor coordination when they were subjected to acute demyelinating insult while minor exploratory activity, impairment in motor coordination and lower anxiety levels emerged when remyelination was reached following cuprizone withdrawal. A recovery period of 6 weeks after removal of CPZ was not accompanied by a similar return of normal activity indicating long lasting behavioural effects caused by this neurotoxicant. Specifically, the recovery group showed impairments in neurological functions involved in sensorimotor, neuromuscular, motor coordination and the capacity to cope with a stress-inducing event.
Keywords: Cuprizone; Demyelination; Motor coordination and anxiety; Neurobehavioral screening; Remyelination.
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


text:
Fewer Containerships In The US Waters Reflects Trade Slowdown
The number of container vessels in the US coastal waters has dropped to less than half of the count of what was a year earlier, in the most recent ominous sign of slowing worldwide trade.
There were 106 container vessels off the coastline and in port around late Sunday, compared with 218 at this time last year, a 51% drop per vessel data analyzed by Bloomberg.
Data received from IHS Markit reflected that the weekly count of port calls in the US waters via March 4 had slowed to 1,105 from 1,906 registered the year before. That's the lowest level since mid-September back in 2020.
Poor weather could be partly to blame. Also, more broadly, a slowdown in worldwide consumer demands — driven by higher inflation and poorer economic growth — is translating into fewer vessels required to ship goods from top manufacturing hubs of Asia to Europe and the US.
Ships in the port of New Jersey/New York are currently experiencing an incoming winter storm, fell to three as of late Sunday, and compared with a two-year median of 10. There were 15 vessels in the West Coast shipping hubs of Los Angeles and Long Beach, which typically experiences a median of 25 vessels.
Meanwhile, the vessel capacity of idled containers in February was close to the highest level since August 2020, per maritime consultant Drewry.
References: Business Times, BNN Bloomberg