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text: Without question in my mind, research paper about child abuse narrative writing tips child sexual biofuel business plan abuse can lead to an assortment of mental health issues. without question in my mind, child poes writing style sexual abuse can lead to an assortment of mental health issues. this story has a universities for creative writing lot of guidance for not only parents robert greenleaf 1970 essay but professionals as well. the second conclusion of. child abuse can be physical, emotional or sexual. they cannot be used as your own paper, even a part of it child abuse research paper about child abuse is a very real and prominent social history research paper format problem today. it is very important to provide many illustrative examples to support any statement. you can add a scientific method research paper few book report essay words into your child abuse write a literature review in a day research paper about neglect, physical, and psychological abuse. the piece of literature (my papas waltz) should not be the focus research paper about child abuse on the essay this research paper will be exploring child abuse and the different types of child abuse immigrants' children are facing. however, i believe that in thesis statement for personality essay certain instances it could potentially be the cause for numerous psychological disorders what is what should an introduction include in a research paper child abuse? Step 1: 8 (2490 words) · type:.

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text: Temensis Peacock Bass (Cichla temensis) is the largest member of the peacock bass genus and is a top level predator in their native South American river habitat. They are most often found in slow moving or still water environments like lagoons, backwaters and shoreline pockets. While Temensis Peacock Bass spend a good portion of their time in calm waters, they will readily move out into faster waters to feed and to ward off potential competitors. Temensis Peacock Bass are used to environments that have warm water year round, with temperatures reaching upwards of 86° during the day and around 80° during evening hours. Their native river habitat's water conditions are acidic with a pH range of 5.0 to 6.5 and a water hardness between 5 to 15 dH; as well as, fast flowing with a large volume of water passing down from the mountains on its way to the ocean. Cichla temensis have evolved perfectly for their environment with long sleek bodies and powerful pectoral and anal fins, which they use to maintain ambush positions in rapidly flowing waters and ambush prey. Temensis Peacock Bass are becoming much more available within the aquarium hobby as their size, pattern, coloration and aggressive feeding habits have made them very popular with aquarium hobbyists interested in keeping larger New World Cichlid species.When keeping Temensis Peacock Bass in an aquarium environment, it is important to account for their very large size and aggressive feeding habits and nature. Temensis Peacock Bass come from river ways that have a constant flow of fresh water working from the mountains down to the sea. Peacock Bass have become accustomed to an environment with high quality water with low levels of pollutants and high levels of oxygen. Temensis Peacock Bass aquariums need to replicate this environment through strong mechanical, chemical and biological filtration along with medium to strong water movement. Peacock Bass are large fish that eat equally large meals, thus excellent filtration is required to remove the excess food and waste products produced from such a large species. The adult size of the Temensis Peacock Bass is also an important factor in choosing the right aquarium to house them, with the size and shape of the aquarium being very important. With adults sizes of around 3 feet in length, it is important to provide an aquarium that is long enough and wide enough from front to back to allow the Peacock Bass to swim and turn around comfortably. An aquarium of at least 8 feet in length and 4 feet from front to back should be considered as minimum aquarium size for an adult specimen, while smaller specimens can be raised in smaller aquariums if they are moved to larger tanks as they grow. The aquarium decor should be designed to provide plenty of swimming room, while also providing some areas of cover using driftwood, floating or well rooted plants and rocks with a sandy or gravel substrate.

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1 GeoCam Memo Web
1.1 About
The GeoCam Project helps people better understand and respond to disasters. GeoCam consists of a GPS-enabled camera (or cell phone) and a web app for sharing geotagged photos and other geospatial data.
GeoCam Memo is a scribing and note-taking application intended for use by search team members as they canvas the scene of a disaster. Notes can be recorded using text or audio and various forms of attachments (including but not limited to images) can be attached for transmission to a central server. All messages can be geotagged and categorized before saving to provide proper context when analyzing them via a web interface at a later time.
GeoCam Talk is a communication application intended to aid in communication during a search mission. Members can send text and audio messages to any subset of their team members while on the field from their mobile devices. All messages are sent through a central server which catalogs them for later analysis. Just as in Memo, all messages are geotagged to provide instant awareness of team member location.
This is the web application for both GeoCam Memo and GeoCam Talk
1.2 News
Visit and for updates.
1.3 Setup
The GeoCam Memo and Talk applications were built using the Django framework and run on top of Python.
1.3.1 Dependencies
 1. Once all dependencies have been installed, clone the GeoCamMemoWeb repository to the path of your choice:
 git clone
 2. CD into your./geocamMemoWeb/example path and run syncdb, creating an admin user if prompted:
 python syncdb
1.4 Running
To run a development server, navigate to your./geocamMemoWeb/example path and execute runserver:
python runserver
Pleast note that this must be done before the geocamTalkForAndroid and geocamTalkForMemo can be successfully run on your mobile device.
1.5 Testing
Testing can be initiated from your./geocamMemoWeb/example path using the test command:
python test geocamMemo geocamTalk
See the Django documentation for more information on using
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AT LEAST a quarter of the sediment carried in the world's rivers is being trapped behind dams instead of reaching the oceans, according to an international team of water resource analysts. They warn that taking so much sediment out of circulation could have significant effects on coastal ecosystems.
The World Commission on Dams has previously estimated that sediment fills between 0.5 and 1 per cent of reservoir capacity each year. Now a team led by Charles Vörösmarty of the water systems analysis group at the University of New Hampshire, Durham, has calculated how much sediment is involved.
From the amount of time that river water is held in reservoirs, they worked out that 16 per cent of the global sediment supply is retained behind 633 large dams, defined as holding more than half a cubic kilometre of water, with another 12 per cent trapped behind 44,000 smaller dams.


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The EUR 27 million project required LCW Consult (LCW) to design a pre-stressed, concrete cantilever bridge between Lisboa and Coimbra, with a 250-meter main span at 140 meters above the riverbed, to ensure transparency of the Ceira Valley. To accommodate the large main bridge span, optimize aerodynamics, and ensure geometry control using balanced cantilever construction, LCW needed integrated bridge design and analysis software.
LCW used Bentley PowerCivil and RM Bridge to study seven different structural options to determine the most efficient design and construction solution. Bentley software helped to facilitate communication among the teams and enabled LCW to model and evaluate aerodynamic conditions and geometrical shape to reduce unforeseen adjustments during construction and to ensure optimal structural performance of the bridge.
The modeling and analysis capabilities of RM Bridge allowed LCW to study different structural scenarios and determine the most efficient solution in terms of cost, risk, and safety of the project. Using RM Bridge resulted in a 25 percent reduction in design time compared to conventional spreadsheet analysis. Integrating Bentley software improved team collaboration and reduced engineering hours, yielding a cost savings of approximately EUR 52,000. In addition, the RM Bridge code library enabled the team to easily comply with Eurocodes.
LCW used Bentley engineering software for design, analytical, and construction modeling to optimize aerodynamics and ensure geometry control for the large main span bridge to be built by the cantilever method. Integrating PowerCivil and RM Bridge facilitated collaboration between the engineering office and the field, increasing the precision of geometry modeled to reduce unforeseen adjustments during construction. The flexibility and interoperability of Bentley software ensured optimal structural design and performance for the EUR 27 million bridge project.


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IELTS ESSAY: POVERTY AND CRIME
IELTS ESSAY: POVERTY AND CRIME
Discuss the relationshop between poverty and crime
IELTS Essay 1
Different statistical researches show the correlation between crime rate and poverty. First of all, the level of crime is related to unemployment in all countries. Although, if we study the question further, we can realise, that the relationship is quite superficial.
From my point of view, increasing poverty sometimes does lead to soaring crime rate. We know, that is some cases people are able to commit a crime. For instance, poverty may lead to thefts in stores and shops. In addition to these minor offences, poor people may commit burglaries and even robbery. It depends on individual character and circumstances of life. Furthermore, poverty makes people tired of their being so that they can perform violence and even become a murderer in the families. Certainly, the main reason for such crimes is alcohol.
Although, we can better study the issue, if explore it in different societies. In other words, we know a lot of ascetics, who live in caves alone and no crime comes near them. After that, such crimes, as murder and theft, are well-known to rich people as well as to poor. The temptation of money and independance they give may lead to a horror crime. It seems to me, that noone locks the door in India, though there are lots of poor people there. And, of course, we should mention the great role of police and justice in limiting the crime rate.
Generally, I think, there is no direct relationship between crime level and money. If the system of legal enforcement can provide the correct punishment for the most crimes, the crime rate will be low, due to poor and rich both obey the laws. This means, that the main problem is of justice, not of wealth.
IELTS Essay 2
There is no doubt that poverty and crime have some connection. The positive correlation between unemployment and the crime rate in many countries could be taken as evidence for this. Though, if we investigate this question further, we may find this kind of statistical phenomenon both superficial and misleading.
It is true that, under certain conditions, poverty induces crime. Many people in the world are able to perform crime in order to gain some money for families and themselves. Sometimes poor people do not see another way except theft or robbery to make money. However, there are thousands legal ways to live wealthy life. For example, many cities have a big deal of employment opportunities. Even though, there are not many options for work for some reason, everyone is able to move to the nearby city and try to find suitable occupation. It is certainly true that all those options are not as easy to realize as they seem to be, so it needs some effort to be made.
The issue could be even better clarified by making comparison between nations. The rate of crime has strong correlation with the policy of the country. If the country has strict law for different kinds of crime it may has lower level of illegality. For instance, such countries as the UAE and Australia have very strict law, for that reason these countries are rated as ones of the safest countries in the world. On the other hand, countries like Russia or Ukraine have an immense amount of corruption, because of the imperfect law system.
In short, there is no direct relationship between poverty and crime. So long as the system of legal enforcement and prosecution can enforce justice, social conditions are kept in order, and the government's authority is obeyed by the rich and the poor alike, crime will be limited in both rich and poor areas as well as in both developed and developing countries.
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Чтобы вы смогли убедиться в эффективности моей подготовки к IELTS по скайпу, я провожу бесплатный 20 минутный вводный урок. На занятии мы проводим диагностику вашего текущего уровня и обсуждаем интересующие вас вопросы касательно занятий по скайпу.


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How to Get Rid of Tadpoles in Your Pool Without Killing Them
- 1. Prepare a Bucket of Water Fill about one-half of a bucket with the swimming pool's water. Using more water may cause some tadpoles to slosh as you move them to a new location. ...
- 2. Remove the Tadpoles With a Net Catch the swimming pool's tadpoles with a net, and transfer them to the bucket containing swimming pool water. ...
- 3. Release the Tadpoles Nearby
Can you put tadpoles in a pool?
A swimming pool is not a very good environment for tadpoles because it probably has little for them to eat and, if chlorinated, can kill them. The best way to handle your little guests is to move them to a more suitable location as soon as you can. Fill about one-half of a bucket with the swimming pool's water.
How do you get rid of tadpoles in a bucket?
Help the tadpoles adjust to a new location by slowly mixing small amounts of water from their new home with the water in the bucket. Doing so gives them a chance to get used to the new water before you dump them in it. Too much of a change all at once may kill them.
Can tadpoles die from being left out of water?
As the larval stage of frogs, tadpoles have gills, not lungs, and must be treated like fish at all times. They'll quickly die if you leave them out of water too long, but they can cope with short periods in air as you transfer them from the pool to a bucket of water.
How to get rid of frogs in my Pool?
Some frogs can climb up trees— cut them down, especially if it is an invasive species. 2. Chlorinate Pool Water Similar to how chlorine works against bacteria and algae, it can also make the waters inhabitable for tadpoles. However, be careful when adding this chemical because large amounts can render the pool unusable for you.
Should I save the tadpoles in my pool?
Tip. After going to the trouble of collecting the live tadpoles, don't just dump them into a stream or pond — most of them will probably die. The best way to deal with them is to dump the bucket of pool water and tadpoles in a field or in the back of your property.
How do I get rid of frogs and tadpoles in my pool?
Generally, if frogs are in your pool their original body of water is within a 1km (. 62 miles) radius around your pool. To safely save the frogs, use a tight knit mesh-hole net to scoop the frogs into a bucket containing water from their original source, then relocate them to the source.
When should I move tadpoles out of water?
When your tadpoles become metamorphs (have front legs and are starting to look more like frogs, but still have a tail) they need to have a large, secured object in the tank to climb on top of. A rock or log works, and it should start in the water and reach above the surface of the water at the top.
Can tadpoles live in chlorine water?
Even a little chlorine is deadly to tadpoles. It is always a good idea to keep a little dechlorinated water on hand.
Why do tadpoles keep getting in my pool?
Frogs and toads are attracted to your pool because there is an available food source in your backyard and a water supply in your pool. Frogs are amphibious creatures that are naturally attracted to water and will seek out your pool especially if it's the dry season and there is little water around.
Why are there little tadpoles in my swimming pool?
Many frogs and toads breed in spring, which is also when you're likely to start preparing your pool for summer. If your pool hasn't been staying covered at all times (or if your pool cover has some rainwater pooled on top) there's a chance you may end up with some unexpected guests: tadpoles!
How long does it take tadpoles to turn into frogs?
about 14 weeksGrowing pains Once hatched, tadpoles take about 14 weeks to transform into tiny frogs. Toad tadpoles take a little bit longer, becoming toadlets after about four months.
Do all tadpoles turn into frogs?
All tadpoles grow into frogs, but not all frogs start out as tadpoles, reveals a new study on 720 species of frogs. The new study uncovers the surprising evolution of life cycles in frogs.
What happens to tadpoles when water dries up?
Tadpoles have a remarkable facility of changing very rapidly into tiny adult frogs when they sense the pond is drying out. They will also eat smaller siblings in order to survive themselves.
How do you clean a green pool with tadpoles?
Answer: First, get as much large debris and sediment as you can out manualy, including tadpoles. You may also need to scrub the walls and floors to destroy stubborn algae and other growth. You can also vacuum, but make sure you vacuum to waste so it does not recirculate it back into the pool.
What do tadpoles need to survive?
In order to survive, tadpoles need clean freshwater, sufficient aquatic vegetation for food, and shelter to protect themselves from surrounding dangers. The quality of these environmental factors have a drastic impact on the tadpole's chances of survival, whether in the wild or in captivity.
What kills tadpoles in water?
Tadpoles are delicate. A sudden change in water temperature is enough to kill them.
How do I stop frogs from breeding in my pool?
But that doesn't mean all hope is lost, as there are several methods to deter frogs from entering your aquatic property.Install a Fence. Though it may seem a simple solution, installing a pool fence could be the answer to your amphibian problem. ... Use a Cover. ... Turn Off Your Lights. ... Keep the Water Heated.
How do you keep frogs from laying eggs in your pool?
Here's everything you need to know on how to keep frogs out of your pool!Turn the lights off. ... Offer an exit ramp. ... Use a pool cover. ... Install a fence. ... Keep your lawn mowed and free of weeds and debris. ... Make your own DIY frog repellent. ... Sprinkle coffee grounds all around your pool. ... Keep your pool water circulating.More items...•
How do I keep frogs from getting in my pool?
0:004:24How to Keep FROGS Out of Your POOL For Good | Swim UniversityYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipOut number one use a cover cover your pool at night or whenever you're not using it this will helpMoreOut number one use a cover cover your pool at night or whenever you're not using it this will help keep bugs out of your pool.
What do you do if a frog lays eggs in your pool?
1:233:04How to Get Rid of Frog Eggs in a Pool - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipPut chlorine in the pool to discourage any more frogs from laying their eggs in your pool.MorePut chlorine in the pool to discourage any more frogs from laying their eggs in your pool.
How to catch tadpoles in a pool?
Catch the tadpoles with a pool net and deposit them in the buckets. Once you've got them all, drain the rest of the water from the pool.
How to keep pool water temperature constant?
Fill one or several 5-gallon buckets with some of the water that's left in the pool. Keep the buckets in the pool water to ensure the temperature inside the buckets stays the same as that in the pool.
Can you move tadpoles from one tank to another?
Filling buckets with pool water, catching the tadpoles with a net and dropping them into the buckets is probably safe -- as far as the tadpoles are concerned -- but you aren't likely ...
Does chlorine kill tadpoles?
The chlorine will kill the tadpoles, and once they are dead, they are easy to remove from the water with a net. Chris Deziel is a contractor, builder and general fix-it pro who has been active in the construction trades for 40 years. He has degrees in science and humanities and years of teaching experience.
Can shocking a pool kill tadpoles?
If your pump should fail while you're away or you don' t close the pool properly , though, you may soon notice hundreds of the larval amphibians, and before long, you may be kept awake at night by croaking. Shocking the pool will kill the tadpoles, but you can also be humane and relocate them. Advertisement.
Can tadpoles survive in a pool?
If you maintain your pool properly during the pool season and treat it with the right chemicals when you close it for the winter, tadpoles shouldn't be a problem because they can't survive in a properly chlorinated or brominated pool.
swimming pool bugs that look like tiny furry tadpoles
my pool cover tore while out of town all the leaves and debris fell into the pool the weather became extremely hot. I returned home to find a million living bugs in my above ground vinyl pool they look like tiny (eyelash size) tadpoles that are furry they use their tales to swim then close


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In this tutorial we use a PIR motion sensor to detect human presence. With a Python script on your Raspberry Pi, we monitor if motion is detected. When you have completed this tutorial, you will be able to connect the HC-SR501 sensor to your Pi via the GPIO pins. You'll also have the basic code to convert the output signal of the sensor to useable information in your Python script.
What you'll need for this tutorial
First, you need to have a Raspberry Pi 3 running on the latest version of Raspbian. This version includes "Thonny". We'll use this user-friendly IDE to write our Python code. If you're not familiar with Python or with Thonny or GPIO-pins, I suggest to have a look at our tutorials "First Python program on the Raspberry Pi" and/or "Raspberry Pi first program using GPIO" to have a quick introduction.
Next you'll need some extra hardware:
- a breadboard (we are using a 400 points breadboard)
- an HC-SR501 PIR motion sensor
- Dupont jumper wires
- a T-cobbler (optional)
- a 40 pin GPIO cable (optional)
If you miss any equipment, don't hesitate to visit our shop. We have a nice kit which contains all the things you need tot start.
The HC-SR501 PIR motion sensor
PIR stand for Passive Infrared Detection. The sensor measures variations of infrared light. As we all emits infrared light, the infrared variations will be detected by the sensor when we move in front of the sensor. When this happens, the sensor will set the output to high. As the high output signal is 3,3V, the output signal can be directly connected to a GPIO input pin of the Raspberry Pi.
The module can be configured as follows:
- Jumper set: The jumper is used to control the trigger mode. When the jumper cap is at the "L" position, the mode is set up as "unrepeated trigger mode", which means when the module is outputting an HIGH voltage because of human motion it will not be triggered again even if another human motion is detected. When the jumper cap is at the "H" position, the module is setup as "repeated trigger mode", which means the delaying time will be recalculated when a second human motion is detected during its delaying time.
- Sensitivity adjust: to adjust the detection range
- Time Delay Adjust
Some modules are not equipped with jumpers but have 3 contacts instead. In this case, you have to connect the middel contact with a soldering iron with either the "L contact" or the "H contact".
Setting up the hardware part
Before starting connecting wires on the GPIO pins of your Raspberry Pi, make sure you properly shut down the Pi and removed the power cable of the board!
- connect the 40 pin cable on the GPIO pins of your Pi (if necessary, remove the cover of your Pi first)
- plug the cobbler onto the breadboard as shown in the figure above or below
- plug the other end of the 40 pin cable in the T-cobbler
- connect the VCC pin of the sensor with a 5V pin (red wire)
- connect the OUTPUT pin of the sensor to pin 23 (yellow wire)
- connect the GND of the sensor to a GPIO GND pin (black cable)
Writing the code
The aim of this tutorial is to write a very simple Python script that allows us to visualize when motion is detected. To write the code, we use the Thonny IDE. You can find Thonny under the application menu of your Raspberry Pi.
Write or paste following code in the IDE:
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
PIR_PIN = 23
print('Starting up the PIR Module (click on STOP to exit)')
Some explanations about the code:
GPIO.setmode (GPIO.BCM): The GPIO.BCM option means that we are referring to the pins by the "Broadcom SOC channel" number, these are the numbers after "GPIO"
GPIO.setwarnings (False): We use this line of code to avoid warning messages.
GPIO.setup(PIR_PIN,GPIO.IN): We define the PIR-pin (= 23) as an input pin
time.sleep(1)We wait for 1 second to settle the sensor
while True:is an infinitive loop (until we stop the program)
- Be careful, Python is whitespace-sensitive. Don't remove the "tab" before the code line after the while command.
if GPIO.input(PIR_PIN):if the PIR-pin is high (sensor has detected movement)
time.sleep(1)Waiting for 1 second before we start the loop again
When you are done with the code, click on the Run button. You will see a message on the screen when the sensor detects movement.
To stop the program just click on the STOP button.
Congratulations! With this setup you can integrate motion detection in your code. You can further use the script to process the result in an application where you want to monitor human presence. Have fun with it!


text: From Sia to Elton John, from Billie Holiday to David Bowie, LGBT musicians have changed the course of modern music. But before their music–and the messages behind it–gained understanding and a place in the mainstream, how did the queer musicians of yesteryear fight to build foundations for those who would follow them? David Bowie Made Me Gay is the first book to cover the breadth of history of recorded music by and for the LGBT community.Darryl W. Bullock reveals the stories of both famous and lesser-known LGBT musicians, whose perseverance against the threat of persecution during decades of political and historical turmoil–including two world wars, Stonewall, and the AIDS crisis–has led to some of the most significant and soul-searching music of the last century. Bullock chronicles these struggles through new interviews and archival reports, dating from the birth of jazz in the red-light district of New Orleans, through the rock 'n' roll years, Swinging Sixties, and disco days of the '70s, right up to modern pop, electronica, and reggae. An entertaining treasure-trove of untold history for all music lovers, David Bowie Made Me Gay is an inspiring, nostalgic, and provocative story of right to be heard and the need to keep the fight for equality in the spotlight.


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2022 HarvestED Victoria
2022 cohort of HarvestED is a 3-day, immersive, online, cross-curricular, agricultural learning program, for Year 7 to 9 Victorian students in regional and rural areas of Victoria. HarvestED provides students with collaborative, investigative, and innovation-driven experiences, linking them to agricultural experts and professionals across the state, Australia and the Asia-Pacific region and from a range of agricultural industries.
Students could explore cross-curricular content in agriculture such as sustainability, environmental consciousness, technology, automation, ethics and urbanisation. The program successfully run in 4 distinct phases of learning across 3 consecutive days.


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„O admirande apium fervor!"
Zu Symbolik und ‚Agency' der Biene in der beneventanischen Osterliturgie
The bee was allegorically charged in the Christian Middle Ages: it was considered a symbol of Mary's virginity. Some regional Easter Vigil liturgies emphasise this in particular. In southern Italy, from the 10th century onwards, a new medium emerged to mark the significance of the Easter Vigil as the climax of the liturgical year. The vertically inscribed and illustrated parchment scrolls, so-called Exultet rolls, were furthermore important for the ecclesiastical and civil communities. This chant of the Easter Vigil prioritises the bee and its polis, thus transferring an ancient topos to Christian liturgy. This essay aims to trace this transfer, focusing on the agency of bees. The fact that such a significant liturgical text is concerned with a non-human animal is extremely unusual and has not yet been studied from the perspective of Human–Animal Studies.
Dieses Werk steht unter der Lizenz Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International.


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A task force co-chaired by the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy and the National Science Foundation has released its final report on the establishment of a national infrastructure that would expand access to computational resources, educational tools and data for artificial intelligence researchers and students.
The National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource Task Force conducted 11 public meetings and solicited feedback through two requests for information to inform the development of the final report, the White House said Tuesday.
According to the report, spurring innovation, increasing diversity of talent, improving capacity and advancing trustworthy AI are the four goals that should drive the establishment of NAIRR.
"The NAIRR administration and governance should follow a cooperative stewardship model, whereby a single Federal agency serves as the administrative home for NAIRR operations and a Steering Committee comprising principals from Federal agencies with equities in AI research drives the strategic direction of the NAIRR," the report reads.
The task force stated that the research cyberinfrastructure should provide access to data and computational resources, software and testing tools, testbeds and user support services through an integrated portal; establish the standard for responsible AI research through the implementation of governance processes; and implement system safeguards in accordance with established guidelines.
The task force issued its interim report in May 2022.
Hear government and GovCon industry leaders discuss AI advancements at the Potomac Officers Club's in-person 4th Annual Artificial Intelligence Summit, which will take place on Feb. 16 at Hilton-McLean in Virginia. Register here.


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Di socket spigot pipe is a pipe made of ductile cast iron commonly used for potable water transmission and distribution. This type of pipe is a direct development of earlier cast iron di pipes & fittings.
Ductile cast iron pipe is stronger and easier to tap, requires less support and provides greater flow area compared with pipes made from other materials like PVC, concrete, polyethene or steel.
About Di Socket Spigot Pipe:
Socket Spigot Pipe is allowing water to be transported from its source to treatment plants and places of consumption. Our solutions address water whether it is potable, raw, waste or recycled, and cover the entire water transport cycle, from its gravity supply, surface and ground water filtration and seawater desalination, treatment and storage, and distribution to consumers and industry.


Can vaccinations cause autism dogs? Yes, you should vaccinate your pets. And no, they can't get autism. That's the message the British Veterinary Association (BVA) is pushing out to pet owners according to TIME.
It comes amid a mounting trend of individuals who refuse to vaccinate their pets due to a mistaken belief that shots can cause autism in dogs. This theory — which originally stems from a widely discredited and later retracted 1998 study that purported to find a link between autism and the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine — has been repeatedly disproven in humans, and has no scientific basis when it comes to animals.


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TNN | Posted March 04, 2024 03:46 PM
The Delhi government has set aside Rs 16,396 crore for education. During the budget presentation, Delhi's finance minister Atishi said, "In the last 10 years, major changes have been introduced in Delhi government schools. We doubled the budget for education in the national capital. Today we are proposing a budget of Rs 16,396 crore for education in Delhi."
"Before the Kejriwal government, the condition of Delhi government schools were not good. People were forced to go to private schools to study," Atishi added.
The minister also praised the former deputy chief minister Manish Sisodia, recognising his efforts towards enhancing the educational environment in Delhi. She highlighted that student outcomes in Delhi government schools have seen improvement under the Kejriwal government, surpassing those of private schools.
The minister declared the addition of 20,000 new seats in state-run universities, accommodating the current enrolment of 93,000 students across these institutions.
Discussing teacher training and recruitment, Atishi highlighted the efforts of the Kejriwal-led Delhi government in this regard. She informed that the government has been actively involved in the training of teachers, having already regularised 47,914 teachers, with an ongoing recruitment process for 7,000 vacancies.
(With inputs from PTI)


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New research from smart building technology firm, Infogrid, has found over half of hybrid employees in the UK are worried about how healthy their work environments are, with 53 per cent saying they're concerned poor air quality and ventilation will impact their general health, rising to 70 per cent amongst London-based hybrid workers.
The survey of 2,000 UK hybrid workers by OnePoll, on behalf of Infogrid, finds that hybrid workers are facing a Catch-22 moment as we enter the colder months; balancing worries over the cost of working from home with concerns about their own wellbeing in the office. To reduce personal energy use and bills at home, nearly a quarter (23 per cent) plan to increase the frequency they go into work this winter to save money as they combat the cost of living crisis. But, at the same time, they have concerns about the health and safety of these environments.
As winter approaches, one in five (21 per cent) hybrid workers are fearful about catching Covid and other bugs due to poor air quality in their workplace, with this figure rising to 24 per cent of those aged 18-34.
The research suggests that many employees feel their concerns are not being heard by employers who may be failing to realise the importance of air quality. Over a third (35 per cent) of the hybrid workforce believe that while their company is taking steps to improve air quality, they aren't doing enough – rising again amongst the younger generation to 48 per cent.
In fact, 17 per cent of hybrid employees don't think employers have carefully considered air quality when designing the workplace – suggesting that safe and healthy ventilation is not being taken seriously enough. One in four (25 per cent) believe clean air in the workplace should be implemented as a company policy.
The data comes from Infogrid's Air Quality and Health in the Workplace: Key Insights and Hybrid Worker Perspectives report.
The post Over half of UK hybrid workers are concerned about indoor air quality appeared first on FMJ.


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Our river for people and wildlife
Restoring 158 miles of river for shad
The project was inspired by one of the UK's rarest fish. Hundreds of thousands of twaite shad used to migrate up the River Severn to reach their natural spawning grounds. But weirs installed in the mid-19th century blocked this annual migration. Unlocking the Severn has provided fish passage at six barriers on the River Severn and its River Teme tributary. Allowing access around these barriers has restored 158 miles of river habitat, and benefitted a host of other important fish species including salmon and eel.
In 2022, environmental-DNA results confirmed that shad had navigated past all four fish passes on the River Severn. The fish had begun to reclaim key spawning habitats for the first time in almost two centuries!
The Canal & River Trust (lead), Severn Rivers Trust, Environment Agency and Natural England were the partner organizations for delivering this project. Unlocking the Severn was funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund and the EU LIFE Programme, as well as The Waterloo Foundation and the partners.
Reconnecting with our river
Unlocking the Severn involved exciting activities for people of all ages, interests and backgrounds, so that more people could be inspired and learn from the UK's longest river.
Our heritage, education and people-powered science programmes reconnected millions of people with the River Severn. This included working with community groups along the river, over 6000 school children, and creating opportunities for hundreds of volunteers.
Tours of Diglis Island and Fish Pass continue via the Canal & River Trust, welcoming visitors to brand new visitor sites. The unique underwater viewing gallery at Diglis Fish Pass provides a lens into the River Severn, allowing us to watch wild fish making their epic migratory journeys upstream.


The Rutile network.
Rutile is a decentralized hosting platform. This means that anyone can participate in becoming a server and start hosting someone's website.
The network is secured by a subset of Blockchain, called the (Block)DAG. This allows data to be permanently stored, which is useful for transferring value and creating self-executing (smart) contracts. And to have transactions be executed parallel to each other.
The Rutile chain uses Proof-of-Stake for securing its chain. People can participate in the network by staking RUT tokens. The more RUT tokens they stake the higher chances of getting picked.
Once a participant gets picked to validate transactions it must check if all transactions are possible. If the participant is honest it can collect the fees from the web application.
However, if a participant acts maliciously it will get punched by burning the stake they have put in. This incentives participants to do honest work and keep the network secure.
People who participate in the Rutile network gets rewarded with RUT tokens. They earn this by acting fast on requests and changing the state of the web application.
Storage included.
Rutile has storage included in its network. This allows you to store and read files from the network. The storage layer is powered by IPFS. Rutile takes care of the incentives to store the files and the availability of the files.
Serverless based.
Rutile is serverless based. This means that your code only runs when it's requested to run. The non-serverless code runs all the time even when you don't need it, while you still pay for it. With Rutile, you only pay for what you need.
All serverless functions are written in WebAssembly. This means you can write your code in any programming language that can compile to WebAssembly, allowing you to use your existing skills and team.


During this SOFREP exclusive interview, former Navy SEAL Eric Davis reveals his second book, titled "Habits of Heroes." Eric explains his interest in animal behavior studies and behavior change, and how they are now being applied to humans. Eric suggests that humans have an underlying design and overall purpose, and when we live outside of that purpose we can develop destructive behavior.
If you look at the habits of a group of people, such as people who we recognize as "heroes," those who, for the most part, feel like their lives are fulfilled and are serving the purpose for which they were created, they don't have poor coping mechanisms or destructive habits.
You can order Eric Davis's first book, "Raising Men: Lessons Navy SEALs Learned from Their Training and Taught to Their Sons," on Amazon now.


Strategic Direction V: Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
The College of Pharmacy will build and promote a supportive, inclusive, and connected community through awareness and education, reflection and affirmation of individuals, and continuously improving organizational effectiveness through the lens of diversity, equity, and inclusion.
Strategic Goal 1: Programs/Curriculum/Research
Design academic programs, research, and service initiatives that develop awareness of and competence in principles of diversity, equity, and inclusion.
Strategic Goal 2: Recruit, Retain, and Develop
Recruit, retain, and develop a college community that is culturally reflective of the community that UGA serves and displays a commitment to racial justice, gender equity, and the inclusion of all people regardless of identity, ability, or beliefs.
Strategic Goal 3: Student Community
Attract and retain a student body who represent and value a culture that respects all races, ethnicities, genders, abilities, ages, sexual orientations, nationalities, and religions.
Strategic Goal 4: Systemic Change
Evaluate systems, processes, and partnerships through the lens of equity, ethics, and social justice to improve, or deconstruct, systems that do not provide equitable and fair access for all stakeholders of the UGA COP.
Connect with the UGA College of Pharmacy


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Diverse Learning tools
Due to geographical limitations, schools in the mountains have less access to facilities and resources compared to urban areas. Every year, DENER Children Foundation prepares diverse learning tools, such as stationery, art supplies, and sports equipment, to assist these schools in the mountains to have enough resources to provide their children fair education. This not only encourages children to participate in diverse educational programs but also serves as a way for us to support their school expenses.
In the remote districts, there are no cram schools, skill classes, or tutoring classes. During the winter and summer vacations, children in these remote districts rarely have the opportunity to even leave the mountains, let alone travel domestically or abroad to see a wider world. Every year, we cultivate passionate young volunteers who are enthusiastic about education. After receiving comprehensive training, these volunteers provide short-term reading and teaching services at rural schools both domestically and internationally during the winter and summer time.
Long-term Diversified Classes
In addition to the inconvenience caused by geographical limitations, the schools in remote districts often do not have enough teachers, who are willing to stay long enough to provide continuous support and attention to children as a guide and role model. DENER aims to inspire children's reading habits and cultivate their self-learning ability. To achieve this goal, we send well trained and experienced teachers regularly and consistently to those schools in the remote districts to provide diverse reading and teaching services.
Over more than a decade, DENER has been providing educational assistance, and we have supported over 200 remote mountain schools. These children are located in various regions, including Taiwan, Nepal, Bhutan, India, as well as Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Zhejiang the provinces in China. Every year, we provide educational assistance to more than ten thousand students.
With your support, DENER's act of educational assistance can continue to bring benefit
Every kindness of yours supports DENER will be able to continue promoting our educational assistance programs in remote districts, allowing children in the mountains to be accompanied by love and care while they grow. We invite you to join us in cultivating education deeply in these remote districts, working together to show children a wider future!
20220722 Taoyuan Elementary School summer vacation
Bilingual summer camp interactive teaching enhances interest in learning English
Giving a Blessing | Angela Wu


Nepali Government Should Allow Eligible Diaspora Members To Obtain NRN Citizenship: Ambika P. Adhikari
Ambika P. Adhikari, DDes., who is a Principal Planner at City of Tempe, AZ, USA heading its long-range planning division, is a well known name in Nepalese Diaspora. Obtained Doctorate in Urban Planning and Design from Harvard University, and Master of Architecture from University of Hawaii, he is a Sr. Sustainability Scientist, a frequent Faculty Associate, and was a former Program Manager, and a former Research Professor at Arizona State University (ASU). In Nepal, he was Associate Professor at Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, and Country Representative of IUCN (International Union of Conservation of Nature). He is a Fellow of American Society of Nepalese Engineers (ASNEngr), a Member of American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP), LEED Accredited Professional and has a certification as a Project Management Professional (PMP). Dr. Adhikari, who has authored one, and co-edited five books related to planning, environment and development. He is active in many Nepali community organizations in North America, spoke to New Spotlight.
Aug. 13, 2019, 9:03 a.m.
Since you have been travelling different parts of the world, how do you see the presence of Nepalese Diasporas?
The total number of Nepalis abroad in 2019 estimated to be around 4-5 million. Most are temporary migrants working in several countries including in the Middle-East, Malaysia, Korea, Cyprus, and Japan.
In the past several decades, many are permanently settled, or intend to settle in Western Europe, North America, Oceania. In addition, the number of Nepalis permanently settled in countries such as Japan, Singapore, Korea and Hong Kong is small but is growing. There are also significant number of Nepalis who live in Burma and Thailand, and a smaller number in countries like Fiji, Singapore and Malaysia for a long time.
My estimate for the number of this permanently settled group in foreign lands is about 1.3 million. In the real sense, this group can be called Nepali diaspora. Out of this, about 850,000, live in the Western Worldand other developed countries.
The above number does not include Nepalis living in India and Bhutan. For Nepal, I think it is a positive trend as the diaspora is a resource for the country.
How can the diaspora contribute to Nepal's development?
The temporary migrant group working abroad for a defined period of time, sends money as remittance to Nepal. Remittance is a critical component of Nepal's national income and in 2019, accounts for almost 30 percent of the size of the country's Gross Domestic Product. The remittance amount also includes the money sent by Nepalis living in developed countries such as US, Australia and Canada and from Europe. Contrary to popular belief, a recent report shows that USA sends the largest amount of remittance to Nepal. This is due to the high income of workers and professionals who live in the US.
Monetary flow is an important contribution the diaspora members makes to Nepal. However, a more important contribution the diaspora members living in the developed world can make to Nepal is through sharing their skills, knowledge and experience related to technology, management and administration.
Since the establishment of Non-Residential Nepalese Association (NRNA), Nepalese Diaspora living in different parts of world hasan organized voice. How has the NRNA contributed to defend rights of the Nepalese Diaspora?
The Non-resident Nepali Association (NRNA) was established in 2003 with several objectives including the protection of the interests and rights of the diaspora, creation a network of the diaspora members globally, facilitating collective investments in Nepal, and promoting the transfer of skills and knowledge of the diaspora members towards the development of science and technology in Nepal.
NRNA has worked hard in lobbying for the NRN citizenship, which was finally enshrined in the Nepali constitution of 2015. NRNA was also active in working with the Government of Nepal (GoN) in creating the provisions of the NRN and Person of Nepali Origin (PNO) card for the benefit of the NRNs. The NRN and PNO cards bestow several privileges to the card holders related to travel, living, working and owning of property in Nepal. These cards also help NRNs to travel to Nepal more frequently, invest there and help enhance the business activities in Nepal.
NRNA has also focused in helping Nepal through investment, knowledge and technology transfer, tourism promotion and several other means. NRNA regularly forms various task forces to support programs in Nepal that include tourism promotion, investment, technology transfer and export promotion for Nepal.
How have the Nepalese leaving in different parts of the world been contributing to Nepal?
The major areas where the NRNs have been helping Nepal include: financial investments, knowledge, technology and skill exchange and transfer, tourism promotion, supporting education programs, sending remittances, creating connections between Nepali and foreign business and organizations and lobbying for Nepali interests.
The diaspora group themselves are also important tourists in Nepal, who travel to many parts of Nepal and spend a significant amount of money each year in Nepal. They also promote Nepali tourism by posting images of their travel in Nepal in social media and popularizing the destination. This is a free, effective and targeted publicity for tourism in Nepal.
The bi-annual Global NRNA Convention in Nepal itself is a big event bringing some 1,500-2,000 guests to Nepal. The participantsspend a large sumof money while in Nepal for hotel, food, transport, shopping and tourism.
As another example, many diaspora members working in academic institutions in the developed countries have helped to forge important formal relationship between their institution inforeign country and Nepali universities.
An example of the initiative taken by the NRNS is the Nepal Open University, which was established in Nepal in 2016. A group of NRN academic leaders from Canada, USA, Australia and other countries spent more than seven years to make the establishmentof the NOU possible. They wrote the initial scheme for the university, drafted parliamentary bills, worked with the Nepali lawmakers, and political and academic leaders, worked with several foreign universities, and also mobilized initialfunding to create the platform for the university. It was unfortunate that while appointing the leadership in the university, the Government of Nepal did not appreciate the contribution of the diaspora members.
Nepal has been talking about the need to utilize the talent and resources of non-residential Nepalis. What steps has the Nepal government taken?
The Government of Nepal (GoN) has been a solid partner of the NRNA on many fronts. GoN and NRNA collaborate to hold the bi-annual Global Convention in Kathmandu. In addition, since 2018, the NRNA and GoN are also partnering hold a bi-annual global Knowledge Convention in Kathmandu, where hundreds of top diaspora experts from across the world converge in Kathmandu. The experts present new ideas, research findings and recommend appropriate policies for science, technology, energy and other areas that can work in Nepal. The 2018 Knowledge Convention in Kathmandu was a big success culminating in a paper that recommended several crucial policies to advance science and technology education and practice in Nepal.
More recently, the Nepali government has initiated a program "Brain Gain Center" to create an up to date and real time on-line repository of diaspora resources by professional and academic fields. The government of Nepal has also created useful regulations related to the Non-resident Nepalis, and supported Nepalis in need in the Gulf countries.
New constitution of Nepal recognizes the importance of NRN allowing them to hold dual citizenship. Has any Nepali secured dual citizenship?
Although the provision of NRN citizenship has been protected in Nepal's Constitution 2015, the laws regarding the obtaining of the NRN Citizenship are still being developed in Nepal. This has been a source of frustration to the diaspora groups as the NRNA citizenship has been one of the primary objectives of NRNA right from the start.
The Nepali government should expedite the creation of legal provisions to allow eligible diaspora members to obtain NRN citizenship. NRNA has provided several useful suggestions to the Nepali government in this regard.
You yourself as well-known urban planner worked in different capacities in international organizations. Has Nepal government ever consulted you for any advicerelated to urban planning?
I work in the field of urban planning, design, environment, clean energy policies and economic development. Several years ago, I went back to Nepal and worked there for about five yearsfocusing on the environment, nature conservation and urban planning. Since I settled in the US more than one and half decades ago, I have been to Nepal several times organizing trainings in clean energy, and environmental protection. I have also done informal advising to interested groups on urban planning issues. Some local governments have also approached me for advice related to urban planning. As I prepare towards retirement, I expect to be more actively involved in helping Nepal in the field of urban planning, environmental management and community and economic development.
What are the problems Nepalese Diaspora have been facing?
Although not technically defined as diaspora, the temporary migrant workers in the Gulf, Malaysia, Korea and similar countries face several serious problems. They are paid low wages; their labor rights are marginal, and their safety and protection at work is often compromised. This is an area where the GoN, and NRNA and other diaspora groups need to work harder and provide more help and support to the NRNs there.
The diaspora groups


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- Is Tsunade more powerful than Jiraiya?
- Who is the weakest Hokage?
- Can jiraiya beat Itachi?
- Can jiraiya beat Kakashi?
- Who is Naruto's brother?
- Is jiraiya stronger than Orochimaru?
- Who is the weakest Akatsuki?
- Who is the strongest out of the 3 sannin?
- Who can defeat Jiraiya?
- Who is the strongest of the sannin?
- Who is stronger than Jiraiya?
- Who is the strongest Uchiha?
- Why is Itachi afraid of Jiraiya?
- Can Minato beat Itachi?
- Did jiraiya know about Itachi?
Is Tsunade more powerful than Jiraiya?
Conclusion based on strength alone Tsunade is strong but by skill,lesser weak points and effectiveness Jiraiya would be stronger.
It's important to note that through out most of there lives Jiraiya is the strongest Sannin, while he started as the weakest he becomes the strongest in there 20's/30's..
Who is the weakest Hokage?
Kakashi Hatake1 WEAKEST: Kakashi Hatake Kakashi Hatake was the Sixth Hokage of Konohagakure right until Naruto Uzumaki took over.
Can jiraiya beat Itachi?
2 WEAKER THAN ITACHI: Jiraiya The third and the last member of the Legendary Sannin, Jiraiya was an exceptionally competent shinobi. In his lifetime, he had trained people like Nagato, Minato, and even Naruto, all of which went on to become just as strong. Despite that, Jiraiya was, undoubtedly, weaker than Itachi.
Can jiraiya beat Kakashi?
18 Jiraiya Jiraiya is the toad sage and shows consistent ability throughout the series. His fight with Pain highlighted the totality of his ability. That being said, it is hard to say Jiraiya is definitely stronger. On the one hand, Jiraiya seems to have the durability and ninjutsu to match Kakashi.
Who is Naruto's brother?
Itachi UchihaItachi Uchiha (Japanese: うちは イタチ, Hepburn: Uchiha Itachi) is a fictional character in the Naruto manga and anime series created by Masashi Kishimoto.
Is jiraiya stronger than Orochimaru?
Jiraiya with sage mode was more powerful than Orochimaru. Without sage made, they were on par with each other. Jiraiya was one of the most powerful characters in the manga (kage level) and he lost while trying to figure out the secrets of "Pain". Orochimaru was extremely powerful too, Spoilers.
Who is the weakest Akatsuki?
Here is Every Member Of The Akatsuki, Ranked Weakest To Strongest.1 Madara Uchiha.2 Obito Uchiha/Tobi. … 3 Pain/Nagato. … 4 Orochimaru. … 5 Itachi Uchiha. … 6 Kabuto Yakushi. … 7 Black Zetsu. … 8 Shin Uchiha. … More items…•
Who is the strongest out of the 3 sannin?
JiraiyaOrochimaru and Jiraiya are the strongest. I think they are equal. In my point of view Jiraiya is the strongest, Because he has Sage Mode. with this he take on six path of pain.
Who can defeat Jiraiya?
10 Kabuto. While Kabuto's medical ninjutsu may not have been terribly formidable during his first battle against Jiraiya, Tsunade, and Naruto, he has since come upon such terrifying power that even Itachi and Sasuke were forced to resort to drastic measures to defeat him.
Who is the strongest of the sannin?
The Legendary Sannin were some of the strongest characters in the Naruto series. They included legendary Konoha Shinobi in Jiraiya, Tsunade Senju, and Orochimaru, who were all trained by the Third Hokage himself.
Who is stronger than Jiraiya?
OrochimaruOrochimaru is stronger than Jiraiya… When Itachi was 13, he destroyed Orochimaru in moments. He caught him in a kanashibari no genjutsu before the fight even seriously started, and in the next instant, paralyzed him again, and severed his arm from his body before Orochimaru could react.
Who is the strongest Uchiha?
Sasuke Uchiha1 STRONGEST: Sasuke Uchiha Undoubtedly, the strongest Uchiha of all-time, Sasuke gained the Mangekyo Sharingan after the death of Itachi Uchiha. His eyes granted him the power of Amaterasu and Flame Control. Along with that, Sasuke also gained the ability to use Full-body Susanoo, making him extremely powerful.
Why is Itachi afraid of Jiraiya?
itachi isnt afraid of jiraiya. he fled from jiraiya because using the MS takes up a lot of chakra. he used it on sasuke to mentally torture him, than jiraiya shows up and used the frogs stomach jutsu.
Can Minato beat Itachi?
Minato uses sage mode like Kabuto did to Steve him instead of looking at him, and he can blitz him with his speed which FAR surpasses Itachi.
Did jiraiya know about Itachi?
Jiraiya said Madara being alive was a "hunch," so no. He wasn't that familiar with Itachi. He would have tried to kill him with the Mountain Toad back then either.


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Skip to Main Content
All existing superconducting instrumentation for measuring the concentration of iron stored in the human liver requires liquid helium for its operation. We report the mathematical modeling, optimization, and instrumental performance of an instrument that uses high-transition-temperature (high-Tc) superconductors. Requiring only liquid nitrogen to operate, the susceptometer represents the first medical application of the phenomenon of high-temperature superconductivity with the potential for widespread clinical utility.
Date of Publication: Sept. 2007


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What is Three-Sigma Limits
Three-sigma limits (3-sigma limits) is a statistical calculation that refers to data within three standard deviations from a mean. In business applications, three-sigma refers to processes that operate efficiently and produce items of the highest quality.
Three-sigma limits are used to set the upper and lower control limits in statistical quality control charts. Control charts are used to establish limits for a manufacturing or business process that is in a state of statistical control.
BREAKING DOWN Three-Sigma Limits
Control charts are also known as Shewhart charts, named after Walter A. Shewhart, an American physicist, engineer and statistician (1891–1967). Control charts are based on the theory that even in perfectly designed processes, a certain amount of variability in output measurements is inherent. Control charts determine if there is controlled or uncontrolled variation in a process. Variations in process quality due to random causes are said to be in-control; out-of-control processes include both random and special causes of variation. Control charts are intended to determine the presence of special causes.
To measure variations, statisticians and analysts use a metric known as the standard deviation, also called sigma. Sigma is a statistical measurement of variability, showing how much variation exists from a statistical average. In other words, it measures how far an observed data deviates from the mean or average. Investors use standard deviation to gauge expected volatility — this is known as historical volatility. To understand this measurement, consider the normal bell curve which has a normal distribution. The farther to the right or left a data is recorded on the bell curve, the higher or lower, respectively, the data is than the mean. From another point of view, low values indicate that the data points fall close to the mean; high values indicate the data is widespread and not close to the average.
The term "three-sigma" points to three standard deviations. Shewhart set three standard deviation (3-sigma) limits as "a rational and economic guide to minimum economic loss." Three-sigma limits set a range for the process parameter at 0.27% control limits. Three-sigma control limits is used to check data from a process and if it is within statistical control. This is done by checking if data points are within three standard deviations from the mean. The Upper Control Limit (UCL) is set three sigma levels above the mean and the Lower Control Limit (LCL) is set at three sigma levels below mean. Since around 99.99% of a controlled process will take place within plus or minus three sigmas, the data from a process ought to approximate a general distribution around the mean and within the pre-defined limits. On a bell curve, data that lie above the average and beyond the three-sigma line represent less than one percent of all data points.
Calculating Three-Sigma Limit
Let's consider a manufacturing firm that runs a series of 10 tests to determine whether there is a variation in the quality of its products. The data points for the 10 tests are: 8.4, 8.5, 9.1, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.7, 9.7, 9.9, and 9.9.
First — Calculate the average of the observed data. (8.4 + 8.5 + 9.1 + 9.3 + 9.4 + 9.5 + 9.7 + 9.7 + 9.9 + 9.9) / 10 which equals 93.4 / 10 = 9.34.
Second — Calculate the variance of the set. Variance is the spread between data points and is calculated as the sum of the squares of the difference between each data point and the mean divided by the number of observations. The first difference square will be calculated as (8.4 – 9.34)2 = 0.8836, the second square of difference will be (8.5 – 9.34)2 = 0.7056, third can be calculated as (9.1 – 9.34)2 = 0.0576, and so on. The sum of the difference squares of all 10 data points is 2.564. The variance is, therefore, 2.564 / 10 = 0.2564.
Third — Calculate the standard deviation, which is simply the square root of the variance. So, standard deviation = √0.2564 = 0.5064.
Fourth — Calculate three-sigma, which is three standard deviations above the mean. In numerical format, this is (3 x 0.5064) + 9.34 = 10.9. Since none of the data is at such a high point, the manufacturing testing process has not yet reached three-sigma quality levels.


Hopkins Fulfillment Services
Berkshire Conference of Women Historians virtual bookstore
With the cancellation of the in-person Berkshire Conference of Women Historians meeting, we are inviting Berks' attendees to instead browse our virtual bookstore. We are offering a 30% discount and free media mail shipping on all the books below from May 25 until August 31. To access the discount, add the books you would like to purchase to your cart, and use the promo code HBCH before checking out.
To see more books that might interest you, browse our latest history catalog here.
Iliazd: A Meta-Biography of a Modernist
Johanna Drucker
Iliazd is the first full-length biography of the poet-publisher, Ilia Zdanevich, as well as the first comprehensive English-language study of his life and work. Johanna Drucker weaves two stories together: the history of Iliazd's work as a modern artist and poet, and the narrative of the author's encounter with his widow and other figures in the process of researching his biography. Drucker's reflection on what a biographical project entails addresses questions about the relationship between documentary evidence and narrative, between contemporary witnesses and retrospective accounts. Ultimately, Drucker asks how we should understand the connection between the life of an artist and their work.
Fabric of EmpireThe Fabric of Empire: Material and Literary Cultures of the Global Atlantic, _PHONE_
Danielle C. Skeehan
A history of the book in the Americas, across deep time, would reveal the origins of a literary tradition woven rather than written. It is in what Danielle Skeehan calls material texts that a people's history and culture is preserved, in their embroidery, their needlework, and their woven cloth. In defining textiles as a form of cultural writing, The Fabric of Empire challenges long-held ideas about authorship, textuality, and the making of books. This book shifts how we look at cultural objects such as books and fabric and provides a material and literary history of resistance among the globally dispossessed.
Faces of Civil War NursesFaces of Civil War Nurses
Ronald S. Coddington
In Faces of Civil War Nurses, Ronald S. Coddington turns his attention to the experiences of 77 women of all ages and walks of life who provided care during the war as nurses, aid workers, and vivandières. Their personal narratives are as unique as fingerprints: each provides a distinct entry point into the larger social history of the brutal and bloody conflict. Coddington tells these determined women's stories through letters, diaries, pension files, and newspaper and government reports. Following their postwar stories, he also explains how the bonds they formed continued long after the cessation of hostilities.
The Lives of Amish WomenThe Lives of Amish Women
Karen M. Johnson-Weiner
Karen M. Johnson-Weiner draws on her thirty-five years of fieldwork in Amish communities and her correspondence with Amish women to consider how the religiously defined roles of Amish women have changed as Amish churches have evolved. What does it mean for an Amish woman to be humble when she is the owner of a business that serves people internationally? Is a childless Amish woman or a single Amish woman still a "Keeper at Home" in the same way as a woman raising a family? What does Gelassenheit—giving oneself up to God's will—mean in a subsistence-level agrarian Amish community, and is it at all comparable to what it means in a wealthy settlement where some members may be millionaires?
Come and Be ShockedCome and Be Shocked: Baltimore beyond Johns Waters and The Wire
Mary Rizzo
The city of Baltimore features prominently in an extraordinary number of films, television shows, novels, plays, poems, and songs. Whether it's the small-town eccentricity of Charm City (think duckpin bowling and marble-stooped row houses) or the gang violence of "Bodymore, Murdaland," Baltimore has figured prominently in popular culture about cities since the 1950s. In Come and Be Shocked, Mary Rizzo examines the cultural history and racial politics of these contrasting images of the city. From the 1950s, a period of urban crisis and urban renewal, to the early twenty-first century, Rizzo looks at how artists created powerful images of Baltimore and explores the rise of tourism, urban branding, and citizen activism.
Suffrage at 100Suffrage at 100: Women in American Politics since 1920
edited by Stacie Taranto and Leandra Zarnow
In Suffrage at 100, Stacie Taranto and Leandra Zarnow bring together twenty-two scholars to take stock of women's engagement in electoral politics over the past one hundred years. Why, they ask, has women's struggle to achieve equal political power in the United States dragged on longer than the nearly seventy-five-year campaign for women's suffrage? This is the first wide-ranging collection to historically examine women's full political engagement in and beyond electoral office since they gained a constitutional right to vote. Bringing this history up to the Women's March and the _TAG_ movement, the collection assesses how far women have come, as well as the ongoing challenges of navigating a patriarchal political system.
Detectives in the ShadowsDetectives in the Shadows: A Hard-Boiled History
Susanna Lee
America has had a love affair with the hard-boiled detective since the 1920s, when Prohibition called into question who really stood on the right and wrong side of the law. And nowhere did this hero shine more than in crime fiction. In Detectives in the Shadows, literary and cultural critic Susanna Lee tracks the evolution of this truly American character type—from Race Williams to Philip Marlowe and from Mike Hammer to Jessica Jones. Lee explores how this character type morphs to fit an increasingly troubled world, offering compelling interpretations of The WireTrue Detective, and Jessica Jones.
Mary Elizabeth GarrettMary Elizabeth Garrett: Society and Philanthropy in the Gilded Age
Kathleen Waters Sander
Mary Elizabeth Garrett was one of the most influential philanthropists and women activists of the Gilded Age. With Mary's legacy all but forgotten, Kathleen Waters Sander recounts in impressive detail the life and times of this remarkable woman, through the turbulent years of the Civil War to the early twentieth century. At once a captivating biography of Garrett and an epic account of the rise of commerce, railroading, and women's rights, Sander's work reexamines the great social and political movements of the age.
All the Horrors of WarAll the Horrors of War: A Jewish Girl, a British Doctor, and the Liberation of Bergen-Belsen
Bernice Lerner
On April 15, 1945, Brigadier H. L. Glyn Hughes entered Bergen-Belsen for the first time. Waiting for him were 10,000 unburied, putrefying corpses and 60,000 living prisoners, starving and sick. One month earlier, 15-year-old Rachel Genuth, Lerner's mother, arrived at Bergen-Belsen; deported with her family from Sighet, Transylvania, in May of 1944, Rachel had by then already endured Auschwitz, the Christianstadt labor camp, and a forced march through the Sudetenland. In All the Horrors of War, Bernice Lerner follows both Hughes and Genuth as they move across Europe toward Bergen-Belsen in the final, brutal year of World War II.
ArtifactsArtifacts: How We Think and Write about Found Objects
Crystal B. Lake
In Artifacts, Crystal B. Lake unearths the four kinds of old objects that were most frequently found and cataloged in Enlightenment-era England: coins, manuscripts, weapons, and grave goods. Following these prized objects as they made their way into popular culture, Lake develops new interpretations of works by Joseph Addison, John Dryden, Horace Walpole, Jonathan Swift, Tobias Smollett, Lord Byron, and Percy Bysshe Shelley, among others. Rereading these authors with the artifact in mind uncovers previously unrecognized allusions that unravel works we thought we knew well.
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Marla B. Miller
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The Ruler's HouseThe Ruler's House: Contesting Power and Privacy in Julio-Claudian Rome
Harriet Fertik
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Photos by Manan Sarupria, Matthew Walter and Jarrod Miller July 25, 2022
UD study uses satellite and drone imagery to spot barren salt patches on Delmarva farms
On farms in coastal areas around the Chesapeake Bay, and increasingly on farms located further inland, lush cropland will occasionally be plagued with spots of salty, barren soil. These spots occur over usually healthy farmland and with these spots comes a decrease in crop yield.
The University of Delaware is part of a multi-institutional team, which includes researchers from the University of Maryland and George Washington University, researching this problem and trying to develop a tool to help farmers better prepare themselves against these damaging salt patches.
Manan Sarupria and Matthew Walter, both doctoral students in the Department of Geography and Spatial Sciences, are conducting research on the issue with Pinki Mondal, assistant professor in the Department of Geography and Spatial Sciences and the Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and a resident faculty member of UD's Data Science Institute. They recently spent two days in Somerset County, and one day in Dorchester County, both in Maryland, looking at these salt patches on farms and collecting data points to help train a machine learning algorithm that will use current and historical satellite data to paint a better picture of the history and extent of these patches throughout the region.
The work builds off research Walter conducted in 2019 with Mondal that mapped salt deposits on cropland across the Delmarva region using the United States Geological Survey's National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP), which provided high-resolution aerial images of farmland, and Landsat satellite images.
Building off those projects, Sarupria is using Sentinel satellite images — which will provide a larger dataset but images with a coarser resolution than the NAIP images — to get a more frequent estimation of salt deposits as well as a better understanding of the mechanism behind those salt deposits.
To begin this work, Sarupria and Walter went to farms after virtually identifying salt or bare patches on pieces of cropland. Once there, they were able to map the salt patches.
"We saved the geolocation, the latitude and longitude of a particular point, where we saw salt patches, unhealthy crops or bare patches in the field," said Sarupria. "We did this for all the fields from where we had the permission of the farmers and the reports that these problems have been seen."
Over the course of two days, they collected 200 data points in 20 fields. With that data in hand, they will now examine the satellite imagery precisely at these 200 points and try to see how these salt patches, unhealthy vegetation or bare patches look from space — using images from Sentinel satellites.
"The satellite data allows us to see beyond what we can see with the naked eye and gives us more insight into what is happening in that particular point or that particular pixel," said Sarupria. "The great thing about the satellite product is that it gives us a chance to look in the past — we will have the same visualization of the same part of the world every five days — and it will help us see the changes that have been occurring on that particular point."
For example, if a hurricane happened and there was a lot of salty water pushed inland from the coast, they could see how the farms looked before and after the hurricane.
In addition to collecting data points, seeing the fields in person allowed Sarupria and Walter to train their eyes to see what these spots look like in the real world. This will help them identify the patches on satellite images and allow them to train the machine learning algorithm to identify the patches on a larger scale.
It also allowed them to see how this problem was physically affecting the farms and personally affecting the farmers.
The first field they visited had a big, white and crusty salt patch at the entrance, and they could tell the difference from the healthy soil the moment they stepped on it.
"Our shoes were crushing those salt and soil mixtures, and it did not feel normal," said Sarupria. "It was interesting to walk through healthy crops, and then all of a sudden, in the center of the farm, you have a big bare patch or some crops shorter than the other crops, which you don't notice when you're at the edge of the field."
Walter said it was interesting to see how farmers have been adjusting to these increases in salt on their respective farms and how some areas were no longer farmable.
"We saw some farms where the farmers basically abandoned land for farming so there were huge fields that were no longer being farmed at all," said Walter. "Instead, there are wetlands or meadow plants that are starting to grow because those plants are better adapted to grow in the salty areas. Seeing that impact and the amount of loss of cropland was pretty interesting. It's something you can't easily notice on the satellites."
The farms were all close to estuaries and tidal streams, which connect to the bay and make channels for salt to encroach onto the farmlands. Usually estuaries drain the water from the farms to the ocean, but when a high tide occurs or when the sea level is rising, instead of draining towards the ocean, saltwater is now moving the other direction, into the farms.
Now that the initial data is gathered, Sarupria is going to train a machine learning algorithm to spot the various types of salty points across the Delmarva region. Because what the salt patches look like can vary greatly — one point might have a lot of salt and less soil while another point might have less salt but a lot of soil — those differences and combinations need to be registered so the model can capture as many points as possible.
Both Sarupria and Walter said that it was helpful to visit the fields and speak with those impacted by the salt intrusion.
"We saw firsthand the effects of climate change, salt water intrusion, and unsustainable farming practices, and I think it's something we're going to see more of," said Walter. "When you're sitting behind a computer for so long, you can lose that human component so I think that's why the fieldwork was so important for us, to get that connection between the land, the farmers and those affected. One of the farmers said to us, 'As soon as you finish this work or publish this work, please send it my way and let me know.' So it was great to see that the farmers are also interested in this, and they also want to know what's happening."


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- This event has passed.
Professor José Manuel Rodríguez-Ramos (University of La Laguna, Spain): "Light field and wavefront phase acquisition"
November 13, 2019 @ 4:30 pm - 5:30 pm
Location: Packard 101
Talk Title: Light field and wavefront phase acquisition
Talk Abstract: Light field can be understood as the knowledge of the intensity and direction of each ray. But the light field does not contain the diffraction effects. The wavefront phase measurement does allow an approach to the measurement of these effects. The wavefront phase sensors are fundamental in any Adaptive Optics (AO) system, both in Astronomy and Ophthalmology. With AO it is possible to correct the images degraded by the atmospheric turbulence in large telescopes or sharply improve the retina images of the human eye. In fact, the wavefront phase is proportional to the refractive index changes, that is, it serves to detect structure in transparent objects. The same data acquired by a plenoptic sensor can be used to obtain the tomographic distribution of the atmosphere over the telescope, but also to detect transparent biological tissue, such as the neuronal one, in microscopes and without needing chemical markers. In this talk we will explain how to use the wavefront phase sensors as a complement to the acquisition of the light field, and we will show direct applications in fields as disparate as computational imaging (SEBI camera: real-time Full-HD single lens light field camera), silicon metrology (one-shot subnanometer accuracy on silicon wafers), and ophthalmology (wow!).
Speaker's Biography: Jose M. Rodríguez-Ramos received his Ph.D. from IAC (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias) in March 1997. He is Associate Professor at the University of La Laguna since 2001. His research focuses on Adaptive Optics for Astronomy, but now is trying to transfer this experience to other fields such as computational imaging, silicon metrology, ophthalmology, microscopy… after founding Wooptix, an Intel's portfolio company (2016), where nowadays he combines the CEO and CTO roles.
Demo following the talk: Wooptix presents the first light field video camera using a single adaptive optics lens; no resolution killing micro lens array. The light field video is processed live using a high end PC graphic card and displayed in HD resolution on a 3D display (no head worn glasses) using the 2D all-in-focus image coupled with a depth map generated using the focal stack. The demo consist of a small handheld video camera with adaptive optics, a PC for instant light field video processing, and a 3D display for live viewing of our light field video.


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We measured retinal image quality in astigmatic eyes, using the double-pass technique. We analyzed the influence of the amount of astigmatism and changes in axis of astigmatism on the eye's optical performance. Different amounts of astigmatism were obtained by variation of the cylindrical power of a lens situated in front of the eye, between 0.25-diopter (D) overcorrection and 1-D undercorrection at intervals of 0.25 D. Changes in the axis of astigmatism were obtained by rotation of the lens, which neutralizes the astigmatism in an angle of ±10° at 5° intervals. The results show the decrease in retinal image quality and the increase in the degree of image astigmatism obtained when the amount of astigmatism increases or the angle between the lens and the eye axis is other than zero. In general, the largest variations correspond to when the astigmatism changes from 0 to 0.25 D or when the axis changes from 0° to ±5°. The reduction in optical performance is smaller in living eyes than in an eye model or in an artificial eye. The aberrations present in the living eye reduce the relative loss of retinal image quality introduced by astigmatism.
© 1998 Optical Society of America
[Optical Society of America ]
(_PHONE_) Vision, color, and visual optics : Vision system - noninvasive assessment
(_PHONE_) Vision, color, and visual optics : Physiological optics
(_PHONE_) Vision, color, and visual optics : Vision
Jaume Pujol, Montserrat Arjona, Josep Arasa, and Victoria Badia, "Influence of amount and changes in axis of astigmatism on retinal image quality," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 15, 2514-2521 (1998)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The role of fetal adipose tissue thicknesses measured ultrasonographically in the prediction of gestational diabetes
A novel approach for gestational diabetes
Keywords:Fetal Soft Tissue Thickness, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, 50 gr Oral Glucose
This study aims to investigate whether second-trimester fetal adipose tissue components reflect glycemic control in diabetic pregnancies and their role as an auxiliary method in predicting gestational diabetes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study was designed prospectively, cross-sectionally in 300 pregnant women 24-28 weeks of gestation between April 2020 and July 2020. The adipose tissue thickness of the humerus, femur, scapula, and abdominal circumference was examined by transabdominal ultrasound. The age, body mass index, family history of diabetes, and diabetes history in previous pregnancies of the groups were questioned.
The anterior abdominal wall adipose tissue thickness of the fetuses we included in the study was 5 ± 0.8 mm, femur adipose tissue thickness was 4 ± 0.7 mm, humerus adipose tissue thickness was 3.7 ± 0.7 mm, scapula adipose tissue thickness was 4.1 ± 2,2 mm. The total adipose tissue thickness was 16.9 ± 2.9 mm.
A statistically significant correlation was found between femoral adipose tissue thickness (p = 0.001) and humeral adipose tissue thickness (p = 0.023) in gestational diabetes groups.
Patients with a diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (n = 60) constituted the first group, patients without GDM (n =240) constituted the second group. In our independent analysis of two groups, femur and humerus adipose tissue thickness were found to be statistically significantly different between both groups (p= 0.002, p = 0.043, respectively). Other parameters did not differ significantly between groups.
Between three groups (healthy, impaired glucose tolerance, and gestational diabetes groups). Femoral adipose tissue thickness was statistically significant among the three groups (p = 0.005). As a result of binary logistic regression, if the femoral adipose tissue thickness was above 4.1 mm, the possibility of developing GDM was observed with 63.8% sensitivity and 65% specificity.
In the prediction of gestational diabetes, fetus femoral adipose tissue thickness may be significant
How to Cite
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I am trying to calculate the salary the person receives, based on any of the following inputs - hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly. When one of them is entered, the others should be recalculated automatically.
Here's how I proceed:
First, I have 5 Double type variables defined at the top of the activity. They are: hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly. Then I have 5 EditText fields, corresponding to these variables. I have attached a custom subclass that implements TextWatcher to these 5 EditTexts.
For example:
etHourly = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.etHourly);
etHourly.addTextChangedListener(new EditTextWatcher(etHourly));
This custom class has a constructor that accepts and stores the view that was passed to it, since the default methods of the TextWatcher class don't provide a way to find out which View invoked the change.
After saving the passed view as a local variable inside the custom subclass I then proceed with the implemented afterTextChanged inside this subclass and get the value of the passed EditText and save it as a Double to its corresponding defined variable at the top of the activity. (e.g. if the EditText passed is for the Weekly salary, I set the value of this EditText as a double to the weekly variable.
Finally, just before the end of the afterTextChanged method I call another custom method Recalculate(), that has a bunch of if()'s to check if hourly, daily, weekly, monthly or yearly is set and if it is, calculate and use setText() on the remaining EditText's. The problem is that this setText() will invoke the TextWatchers for each of these EditTexts, causing an infinite loop.
How do I overcome this?
Here's some code to have a better understanding of this. Before onCreate:
Double hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly = 0.0;
EditText etHourly, etDaily, etWeekly, etMonthly, etYearly;
Inside onCreate():
etHourly = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.etHourly);
etDaily = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.etDaily);
etWeekly = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.etWeekly);
etMonthly = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.etMonthly);
etYearly = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.etYearly);
etHourly.addTextChangedListener(new EditTextWatcher(etHourly));
etDaily.addTextChangedListener(new EditTextWatcher(etDaily));
etWeekly.addTextChangedListener(new EditTextWatcher(etWeekly));
etMonthly.addTextChangedListener(new EditTextWatcher(etMonthly));
etYearly.addTextChangedListener(new EditTextWatcher(etYearly));
The EditTextWatcher subclass:
private class EditTextWatcher implements TextWatcher {
 EditText v;
 public EditTextWatcher(EditText view) {
 this.v = view;
 public void afterTextChanged(Editable s) {
 // Only if the currently edited text field contains something
 if (v.getText().toString().length() > 0) {
 switch (v.getId()) {
 case R.id.etHourly:
 hourly = getTvAsDouble(etHourly);
 case R.id.etDaily:
 daily = getTvAsDouble(etDaily);
 case R.id.etWeekly:
 weekly = getTvAsDouble(etWeekly);
 case R.id.etMonthly:
 monthly = getTvAsDouble(etMonthly);
 case R.id.etYearly:
 yearly = getTvAsDouble(etYearly);
 int after) {
 int count) {
hourly = daily = weekly = monthly = yearly = 0.0;
if(hourly!=null && hourly>0.0){
// I will complete the other if's once this works
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possible duplicate of KeyReleased equivalence in Android – nandeesh Sep 18 '12 at 14:42
1 Answer 1
up vote 3 down vote accepted
Mate!! I too was stuck here.... I was getting the StackOverflowError...but I was assuming that maybe it is because I have instantiated TextWatcher multiple times... but you helped me by identifying the problem, which was actually with setText(),which was calling TextWatcher's methods infinitely.... so here I did it --- as per your code --->
 if(etHourly.isFocused()) //this condition helped suppressing infinite loops
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