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Making music from mathematics
The worlds of music and mathematics will come together for an evening of musical performances and live musical demonstrations influenced by research undertaken by Liverpool mathematicians.
'Points of Convergence: Music Meets Mathematics' will feature the compositions by the University's Leverhulme Artist in Residence, Dr Emily Howard, which are musical responses to Professor Lasse Rempe-Gillen's research in dynamical systems.
Dr Howard's compositions Leviathan (2015) and Orbits (2015) will be played by experimental duo, scapegoat, comprising saxophonist, Joshua Hyde and percussionist, Noam Bierstone, who have performed in France, Germany, Canada, the US and the UK.
Professor Lasse Rempe-Gillen said: "It has been an absolute pleasure to host Emily as Artist in Residence, with the kind support of the Leverhulme Trust.
"We have had many memorable discussions about mathematics, music, and art and science in general, and I can't wait to hear the result of her work presented on Tuesday."
'Points of Convergence: Music Meets Mathematics' will take place on Tuesday 17th November, from 7 – 9pm in the Chapel, Foresight Centre. For further information and to reserve your free ticket visit this webpage.
Earlier in the day, scientists and artists are invited to a seminar exploring the creative process involved in their own research. Students and staff from all disciplines are invited to join the discussion about how different approaches in science and art really are, and what each might learn from the other.
The event will feature a discussion panel which will include representatives alongside Mathematicians from the fields of Chemistry, Physics, Music, English and the Visual Arts.
'Arts and Sciences Forum – The Creative Process' will take place between 2- 4pm on Tuesday 17th November in the Seminar Room, Institute of Risk and Uncertainty, Chadwick Building.


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It is important that lighting in playgrounds does not dazzle either those playing or those standing nearby.
To bear in mind
- Supplement post-mounted lighting by illuminating the surrounding vegetation to enhance the sense of security.
- All children have different needs. The playground must be suitable for children of all ages, even those with disabilities.
- Children also need to play when it is dark. Remember to illuminate the playground in the evenings and during the darker period of the year.
Social spaces put people in focus and it is therefore important that there is no glare.It is better to have more, weaker light points than a few bright light points. The result is more balanced light that is more pleasant.
To bear in mind
- Select luminaires that are a decorative element even during the day when they are switched off.
- Try using lighting at different heights to define outdoor spaces, as this will make a good impression.
- Post top luminaires are excellent for general lighting, when the light is spread over a wider area.
- For more contained lighting, bollards are often used with a lower light point height. A bollard can also create lighting effects on the ground that can help to highlight objects or level differences in the environment.
- Light on elements such as benches, water and greenery can help to support both social interaction and spatial perception.
- Select as high a IK class as possible for luminaires in exposed locations. Remember that a beautiful location is rarely vandalised as often as a gloomier location.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Kendo Terminology: Kyo and Jitsu
You may have heard these words, kyo and jitsu, together as "kyo-jitsu". When we say, kyo-jitsu, we mean "kyo and jitsu".
What is kyo?
The kanji for kyo explains the following states of mind.
 1. Emptiness
 2. Hollow
 3. Not ready
In English, there is an expression such as "you caught me off guard". When we use this expression, we did not expect whatever the other person did/said to us.
How do we use the word in kendo?
We say, "aite no kyo wo tsuku", which means, "catch your opponent off his/her guard". Tsuku here does not have anything to do with "tsuki".
The best moment for us to strike is when our opponent is not ready for our strike. When our opponent is not ready, they are vulnerable to our attack.
When are they NOT ready?
Let's think about when we are not ready. When do we get struck?
We probably get struck at a moment when
 1. our concentration is broken
 2. we are surprised at our opponent's movements. (unexpectedly)
 3. - please refer to shikai
 4. we breathe in.
Why do we breathe in? It is because we need oxygen and probably we are out of air in our body. This is a good example and easy example of "kyo", emptiness. So when we breathe in, we have almost no air in our body to supply oxygen. That is why we breathe in. Thus, this is the moment we strike or get struck.
What is jitsu?
Jitsu means "fullness" in this case. We are filled with ki or energy. We are fully concentrating and there is no openness in our kamae and mind. This is the state of jitsu.
It is said that we should not strike when our opponent is in the state of jitsu. What happens if we do? Either we get struck or we cannot even get in because our opponent's shinai does not move.
The moment from jitsu to kyo
We want and try to be in the state of "jitsu". Thus, usually when we take chudan, we fully concentrate on our opponent's physical and mental movements. We are filled up with ki.
Now in kendo, we are trying to move the state of our opponent's mind from jitsu to kyo. That is the process we see in kendo before striking. We try to make an opening (kyo) using our shinai, footwork and body movements.
What happens when our mind moves from jitsu to kyo?
I am going to talk about this through my experiences. This may apply to you, or may not.
When the state of my mind moves from jitsu to kyo, I probably want to
 1. Go backwards: I probably want to take some distance from my opponent.
 2. Defend myself: I probably move my shinai from chudan and prepare to defend myself.
 3. Strike my opponent: I probably want to strike him/her before he/she gets me.
Or I cannot even do anything I mentioned above. That is called "itsuku".
So these are also good opportunities for a strike to attack.
Other moments of "kyo
If you keep striking and become out of breath, it is a definite state of "kyo". You have no energy and oxygen to keep going! That is a good opportunity to strike if your opponent is out of breath.
If the state of mind falls into one of shikai (kyo, ku, gi and waku), we are not able to keep ourselves in the state of jitsu. We are vulnerable to attacks.
We want to keep ourselves in the state of jitsu and it is very very hard to do. There is a very thin line between kyo and jitsu though... That is why we have to train, don't we?
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Home |General Shamanism | Earth and World Healing | Disclaimer | Rhuddlwm Gawr | Origins of Welsh Witchcraft | Dynion Mwyn
Gathering of the Tribes
Dynion Mwyn holds certain religious symbols to be of primary importance. Each God and Goddess is represented by a totem animal which symbolizes the power of the deity in our daily life. This relationship between animals and deities, has over the eons, built a complex relationship of religious rituals, energies of the land, and magickal practices. This same philosophy is applied to trees, plants, mountains, buildings, jewelry, springs and the weather. Every Land or tribal location has a Sacred Centre of Divine Being. Following is a summary of major Welsh symbols including totem animals and their divinities, places, and things. :
The Owl of Wisdom is associated with Bloeddewedd, and is a symbol of knowledge.
The Stag is associated with Cernunnos. This is the aspect of the wild hunt in which the spirits of the dead are transported to the underworld. The horns of the stag are symbolic of the Lord of the Animals. Also associated with Merlin.
The Serpent is also associated with the God Cernunnos and is found on Torcs, the sacred neck ornament. Some serpent Torcs also have a ram's head which symbolize the power of nature and animals.
The Horse is associated with the Goddesses Epona and Rhiannon. This represents the power and fertility of the horse connected to the Kingship of the clan.
The Bear is associated with the Goddesses Artio and Andarta and the Gods Arthgen (Arthur) and Artogenus. The Bear symbolizes the King's connection to the land as well as the Constellation Arcturus, The Great Bear.
The Bull is associated with the God Esus, trees, and the three Cranes.
The Boar is associated with the Goddess Ceridwen and the God Math. The Pig is thus closely associated with shape shifting transformative powers as well as necromancy and flight. Other important totem animals are:
The Raven is associated with the goddess Morrigna,
Salmon of Knowledge is associated with the Goddess Cerridwen.
The Hare is associated with, and the Goddess Cerridwen.
The Ram is associated with the God Cernunnos.
The Celtic Cross is the equal armed cross in a circle which is the symbol of male and female energies confined only by the boundaries of the Universe associated with the Goddess Donn.
The Winged Ankh represents eternal life and strength of the soul associated with the Goddess Donn
The Pentacle represents spiritual and earthly power; the point of the pentacle is always pointed up, meaning good, never down, which symbolizes evil, associated with the God Amaetheon.
Cromlech: This is a large stone placed upon two upright stones to make a able or altar. It was always placed in the center of the circle.
Cairns: These were either large stones or a pile of stones that were placed on high ground, such as a hill, and used to worship their deity.
Viereckschanzen: These are roughly rectangular wall or ditch constructions that appear in the La Te/ne period from middle France. Inside of these rectangular wall and ditch enclosures, which also quite often had elaborate gate constructions, there often appear deep pits which in some cases still contained wooden statues of "gods" and a number of offerings. Equal pits, but without the surrounding wall and ditch constructions, have also been found on the British isles. Sometimes also small houses appear inside these Viereckschanzen, which in some cases appear to be the precedessors of later Gallo-Roman temples.
Portal Tombs: Also called dolmens, they consisted of three or more standing stones capped typically by a large monolith and the dead would be buried under an earthen mound. Erosion over the millenia caused these structures which were built between 4,000 and 5,000 years ago to appear like an altar or table, hense the term dolmen.
Druid Sigil: The origin of this is unknown, however, it is commonly seen as a leaved wreeth with two staves running through it.
Awen: The three rays of light known as, The Awen, form a symbol of the Devine name and concentre upon the stone of speech as do the rays of the summer solstice and of the spring and autumn equinoxes upon the altar stone at Stonehenge. The Awen symbolizes the source of Light in the cosmos and in man whence come the Druidic virtues of courage, brotherhood, and selfless service.
Torc: This was often a ceremonial neck piece worn by the Druids and often worn by Celtic hierarchy. The actual significance of this is unknown.
Triskel:The triskell is considered British origin, finding its way from Scotland, Wales and Cornwall over to Brittany. The 3 arms are said to represent Earth, Wind, and Fire. It is often said that the triskel represents the three druidic virtues or the three stages of life to the Celts
We believe that when we die, we travel to that land beyond the veil of Maya, where weary souls repose within the realms of the Horned One and the Great Mother, to grow young again and to be reborn upon the earth. This is that fair land of nod called GWLAD YR HAV or the Summerland. It is the land to which the Wiccae go when they leave this life on earth. This is the abode of the Gods and Goddesses.of the Welsh Tradition.
When we part, we always say:
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Three new species of the genus Centromerus from Italy, C. tongiorgii sp. nov., C. hanseni sp. nov., and C. gatoi sp. nov., are described for the first time on the basis of both male and female specimens. Their relationships with other congeneric species, as well as their diagnoses, are discussed using morphological characters. New records of poorly known species of Centromerus from Italy are furthermore reported. Among them, C. desmeti Bosmans, 1986 is reported for the first time for the Italian fauna and for continental Europe.
Apennines, Calabria, endemic species, Italian peninsula, new data

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Zoltan Hajnal, University of California – San Diego
Abstract: Since the 1950s, there has been roughly a two-fold rise in the proportion of Americans who identify as political Independents. We argue that the ethnic and immigrant experiences of Latinos shed new light on why and how individuals self-identify with a political party. For Latinos, we argue, party identification is defined by social and political identity formation under uncertainty. We argue that for immigrant-based ethnic groups like Latinos, identification as Independent is a rationally adaptive strategy given uncertainty and ambivalence about one's social group attachments, one's core political predispositions, and the benefits of political and civic involvement to pursue the individual and group interests of Latinos in the US. Absent home-grown and wellgrooved habits, the category of Independent affords a safe harbor for many Latinos from which to bank experiences and impressions about political life in the US. We test our account using data from _PHONE_ Latino National Politics Study, the _PHONE_ Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality and the American National Election Studies.


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Brandl & Schlesinger, $29.95 pb, 309 pp
Rhyll McMaster established her considerable reputation as a poet in the 1970s and 1980s. Feather Man is her début novel. In a first-person narrative, the protagonist recounts her life story from the time when she was a child living in suburban Brisbane in the 1950s until her emergence as a painter in London in the 1970s. It is a Kunstleroman divided into four parts, each named for a significant male character who shapes her relationship to art. The narrator's name is withheld until near the end, when we learn that, somewhat ambiguously, her classically educated father named her 'Lyce', from Horace's Odes on Love.


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Richard M. Silver, James E. Potzick, Robert D. Larrabee
The relative misalignment of features produced by different mask levels (i.e., overlay error) is projected to become an increasingly important problem to the semiconductor industry as the size of the critical features continues to decrease. In response to this need, NIST has initiated a two-step program to improve the measurement of overlay error, and to develop standards in support of overlay metrology. The approach of the first step is to develop a toolkit of standards for characterizing the tool-induced shifts (TIS) in the optical tools presently used for the measurement of overlay error, with the aim of producing and maintaining overlay tools with negligible TIS. The second step, which necessarily follows the successful completion of the first step, is aimed at developing artifact standards with negligible wafer-induced shifts for the calibration of the TIS-free overlay tools.
Proceedings of SPIE
February 20, 1995
Santa Clara, CA, USA
Integrated Circuit Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control IX, Marylyn H. Bennett, Editor May 1995, Overlay and Registration


Is The Book Of Judith True?
What does the name Judy mean for a girl?
Judy as a girl's name is of Hebrew origin meaning "praised".
It is a diminutive form of Judith first used in the 18th century.
Related Baby Names Lists..
What is Jesus real name?
Is Tobias in the Bible?
Who did Judith kill in the Bible?
general SiseraJudith is an exemplary Jewish woman. Her deed is probably invented under the influence of the account of the 12th-century-bce Kenite woman Jael (Judg. 5:24–27), who killed the Canaanite general Sisera by driving a tent peg through his head.
Is the name Judith in the Bible?
From the Hebrew name יְהוּדִית (Yehudit) meaning "Jewish woman", feminine of יְהוּדִי (yehudi), ultimately referring to a person from the tribe of Judah. In the Old Testament Judith is one of the Hittite wives of Esau. This is also the name of the main character of the apocryphal Book of Judith.
Is Judy short for Judith?
Judy is a short form of the name Judith.
1939Judith has been used in the United States ever since 1880, with over 454321 girls given the name in the past 200 years. Judith gained the most popularity as a baby name in 1939, when it's usage went up by 149.62%.
Who wrote Judith poem?
Is Judy an old fashioned name?
Records indicate that 450,505 girls in the United States have been named Judith since 1880. The greatest number of people were given this name in 1943, when 25,188 people in the U.S. were given the name Judith. Those people are now 77 years old.
What are the books taken out of the Bible?
Where is the story of Judith found in the Bible?
The story of Judith and Holofernes is found among the apocryphal works of the Septuagint, the Greek translation of Hebrew Scripture, which formed the basis for the Old Testament. The purpose of the book is to inspire courage and patriotism through its heroine, a widow named Judith.
What does Judy mean in Arabic?
Judi is a name with multiple origins. It is a short form of the Hebrew name Judith. It is also an Arabic name referring to a mountain mentioned in the Quran.
Why is the book of wisdom not in the Protestant Bible?
What does Judith mean in the Bible?
What does Judea mean?
Why are the 14 books removed from the Bible?
What books did Martin Luther removed from the Bible?
Why was Judith removed from the Bible?
Why Tobit is not in the Bible?
What are the 14 missing books of the Bible?
14 of these books are included in this volume and these are the books; The First Book of Esdras, The Second Book of Esdras, The First Book of the Maccabees, The Second Book of the Maccabees, The Book of Baruch, The Book of Bel and the Dragon, Ecclesiastes or the Preacher, The Book of Esther, The Book of Judith, The …


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about 2 years ago
We know you're focused on your Spark-powered weather app right now, but don't forget about your submission video. It's often the first (and sometimes only) thing that judges and voters review.
A good video tells the story behind your submission, providing a clear and concise explanation of what your app is and does. Here are some tips and a list of screencasting tools:
- Establish your elevator pitch. In the first few seconds of your video, explain why your app is awesome. You can get into the details of how it works later on in the video, but treat the opening seconds of your video as you would a movie trailer or TV ad: pique your audience's interest.
- Show, don't tell. Demonstrate your app's functionality and features through screencasts. Explaining what it does and how it works helps judges and voters understand and appreciate your product design.
- Keep it simple. Per the official rules, your video shouldn't be much longer than five minutes. As Thomas Jefferson once said, "The most valuable of all talents is that of never using two words when one will do."
- Uploading takes time. Don't wait until the last minute to upload your video. Due to file size, format, and your Internet connection, uploading a video to YouTube or Vimeo could take anywhere from a few minutes to several hours.
- Get organized. Write out a script of what you'll say and demonstrate in your video and rehearse it before recording.


IBM InfoSphere Information Server Deployment Architectures
Book description
Typical deployment architectures introduce challenges to fully using the shared metadata platform across products, environments, and servers. Data privacy and information security requirements add even more levels of complexity. IBM® InfoSphere® Information Server provides a comprehensive, metadata-driven platform for delivering trusted information across heterogeneous systems.
This IBM Redbooks® publication presents guidelines and criteria for the successful deployment of InfoSphere Information Server components in typical logical infrastructure topologies that use shared metadata capabilities of the platform, and support development lifecycle, data privacy, information security, high availability, and performance requirements. This book can help you evaluate information requirements to determine an appropriate deployment architecture, based on guidelines that are presented here, and that can fulfill specific use cases. It can also help you effectively use the functionality of your Information Server product modules and components to successfully achieve your business goals.
This book is for IT architects, information management and integration specialists, and system administrators who are responsible for delivering the full suite of information integration capabilities of InfoSphere Information Server.
Table of contents
 1. Front cover
 2. Notices
 1. Trademarks
 3. Preface
 1. The team who wrote this book
 2. Now you can become a published author, too!
 3. Comments welcome
 4. Stay connected to IBM Redbooks
 4. Chapter 1. InfoSphere Information Server overview
 1. 1.1 Introduction
 2. 1.2 Functional tiers
 1. 1.2.1 Services tier
 2. 1.2.2 Engine tier
 3. 1.2.3 Repository tier
 3. 1.3 Product modules
 1. 1.3.1 InfoSphere Blueprint Director
 2. 1.3.2 InfoSphere DataStage and InfoSphere QualityStage
 3. 1.3.3 InfoSphere Information Analyzer
 4. 1.3.4 InfoSphere FastTrack
 5. 1.3.5 InfoSphere Business Glossary
 6. 1.3.6 InfoSphere Metadata Workbench
 7. 1.3.7 InfoSphere Discovery
 8. 1.3.8 InfoSphere Data Architect
 9. 1.3.9 InfoSphere Information Server Manager, ISTOOL, and InfoSphere Metadata Asset Manager
 5. Chapter 2. InfoSphere Information Server installation topologies
 1. 2.1 InfoSphere Information Server software tiers
 2. 2.2 Supported platforms
 3. 2.3 Single computer topology
 4. 2.4 Client server installation topology
 5. 2.5 Dedicated computer per tier topology
 6. 2.6 Dedicated engine topology
 7. 2.7 InfoSphere Information Server clustered installations
 1. 2.7.1 Active-passive cluster
 2. 2.7.2 Clustering the services tier
 3. 2.7.3 Clustering the InfoSphere Information Server repository tier
 4. 2.7.4 Engine tier clustering
 5. 2.7.5 Active-passive engine tier topology
 6. 2.7.6 Active-active engine tier topology
 7. 2.7.7 Massively parallel processing (MPP) topology
 8. 2.7.8 Parallel Engine Grid topology
 9. 2.7.9 Multiple dedicated engines topology
 10. 2.7.10 Web services engine
 8. 2.8 Disaster recovery
 9. 2.9 Chapter summary
 6. Chapter 3. Metadata management
 1. 3.1 Defining metadata
 2. 3.2 Types of Metadata
 1. 3.2.1 Business metadata
 2. 3.2.2 Technical metadata
 3. 3.2.3 Operational metadata
 4. 3.2.4 Metadata usage classifications
 3. 3.3 Why metadata is important
 1. 3.3.1 Risk avoidance through trusted information
 2. 3.3.2 Regulatory compliance
 3. 3.3.3 IT productivity
 4. 3.3.4 Requirements for managing metadata
 4. 3.4 InfoSphere Information Server metadata
 1. 3.4.1 InfoSphere Information Server internal metadata
 2. 3.4.2 InfoSphere Information Server external metadata
 3. 3.4.3 Metadata lifecycle
 5. 3.5 Where to view InfoSphere Information Server metadata
 1. 3.5.1 Business requirements for deployment
 2. 3.5.2 Metadata environments
 7. Chapter 4. Lifecycle management of assets
 1. 4.1 Introduction to assets
 2. 4.2 Introduction to source control and deployment
 3. 4.3 Source control and deployment in traditional software development
 4. 4.4 Source control and deployment in InfoSphere Information Server
 5. 4.5 Deployment scenarios and DataStage project structures
 1. 4.5.1 Method
 2. 4.5.2 Method summary
 6. 4.6 Source control and versioning with InfoSphere Information Server Manager and ClearCase
 7. 4.7 Deployment with InfoSphere Information Server Manager
 8. 4.8 Workflow for multiple release candidates
 9. 4.9 Context for deployment and versioning tools
 10. 4.10 Workflow for promotion into production
 11. 4.11 Build environment
 12. 4.12 Connecting with InfoSphere Information Server Manager to a domain
 13. 4.13 Installing the IBM Rational ClearTeam Explorer Eclipse plug-in
 14. 4.14 Integrating source control
 15. 4.15 Importing a source control project
 16. 4.16 Adding assets to Source Control Workspace
 17. 4.17 Checking out
 18. 4.18 Checking in
 19. 4.19 Refreshing the Workspace view
 20. 4.20 Creating and building deployment packages
 21. 4.21 Using the Deploy and Send options
 22. 4.22 Promoting deployment packages with ClearCase Explorer
 1. 4.22.1 Checking out deployment packages with ClearCase Explorer
 2. 4.22.2 Deploying a checked out package
 23. 4.23 Test data deployment
 24. 4.24 Lifecycle management of other assets
 8. Chapter 5. Metadata deployment architectures
 1. 5.1 SIMPLE architecture
 2. 5.2 UNIFIED architecture
 3. 5.3 REPORTING architecture
 4. 5.4 GOVERNANCE architecture
 5. 5.5 Choosing which architecture to deploy
 9. Chapter 6. Deployment use cases
 1. 6.1 Metadata differentiator
 2. 6.2 Sample use case scenarios
 1. 6.2.1 Scenario 1: Simple
 2. 6.2.2 Scenario 2: Mixed
 3. 6.2.3 Scenario 3: Complex
 3. 6.3 Summary
 10. Glossary
 11. Related publications
 1. IBM Redbooks
 2. Online resources
 3. Help from IBM
 12. Back cover
Product information
 - Title: IBM InfoSphere Information Server Deployment Architectures
 - Author(s):
 - Release date: December 2012
 - Publisher(s): IBM Redbooks
 - ISBN: 9780738437286


fbpx What are Pavers Made of? | Unilock
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What are Pavers Made of?
People tend to throw the terms "paver" "paving stone" "concrete paver" "brick paver" around interchangeably. That is because of the many changes that pavers have undergone over the years, leading to the variety of options on the market today.
Historically, pavers were made from clay or natural stone. As the availability of stone and/or raw materials declined over time, combined with changes in science and manufacturing technology, it was not long before manufactured concrete pavers became the popular hardscape choice.
At Unilock, when we talk about pavers, we are typically referring to the manufactured concrete paving stones that we produce.
Pavers are made on specialized machinery that blends the materials and presses them into paving stones. The ingredients used to create pavers are quite simple:
 1. Sharp sand
 2. Small stone chips (about 1/8" or 3 mm in size)
 3. Cement powder
 4. Water
 5. Pigment
 6. Additives to help with curing, de-molding, and reducing efflorescence.
Although pavers are made on a specialized paver machine/press, the basic ingredients of the concrete are exactly the same as traditional concrete, only with slight changes to the proportions of those ingredients.
Because of the machinery used to mold and press these pavers, these concrete pavers are two to three times stronger than regular poured-in-place concrete. The fact that they are so strong allows us to offer a Lifetime Warranty. The manufacturing process also allows us to create paving stones and retaining wall blocks in a variety of colors, shapes and textures.
The only other additional ingredients are those used to make EnduraColor products. These "secret sauce" ingredients include high-quality specialty aggregates and a slightly different manufacturing process that results in a particular look and feel, while providing visual longevity and lasting performance.
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In years gone by, the process specified was to "pickle and passivate"- a two-step method in order to create a surface on stainless steel that would be resistant to corrosion. Today, we differentiate between the two. It is two separate processes. Pickling (or Chemical Descaling) is done to remove scale and to clean the part before the passivation process takes place. The passivating of stainless steel is a post-fabrication process with the end goal of making the surface more passive and corrosion resistant by restoring the surface to the original characteristics with a protective oxide film.
How Does Passivation Work?
The passivation process returns the stainless steel or other metals back to its original specifications by removing unwanted debris and oils from the surface and then submerging the part into a passivating bath. When a part is machined, various particles can permeate the surface of the base metal, weakening it's resistance to corrosion and making the part more susceptible to environmental factors. Debris, dirt and other particles and residue such as free iron, grease and machining oils all affect the strength of the natural surface and can become embedded in the surface during the machining process. These often go unseen to the human eye and are often the cause of the deterioration. As stated above, "passive" is defined as being less affected by environmental factors. The process improves and purifies the surface of the part. The restored surface acts as a protective coating to environmental factors such as air, water, and other extreme environments. It is important to note that passivation does not change the outward appearance of the base metal.
Advantages of Passivation
- Improved Corrosion Resistance
- Uniform, Smooth Appearance & Finish
- Deburring (Polished Surface)
- Improved & Extended Life of Product
The passivation of stainless steel is a process performed to make a surface passive, i.e., a surface film is created that causes the surface to lose its chemical reactivity. Stainless steel is already known as being corrosion-resistant, however, the passivation process further strengthens its' natural coating by improving the exterior surface of the overall part. Stainless steel passivation unipotentializes the stainless steel with the oxygen absorbed by the metal surface, creating a monomolecular oxide film. Passivation can result in the very much-desired low corrosion rate of the metal. Passivation also is accomplished by stainless steel electropolishing.
Delstar is the industry leader in passivation services, delivering the highest quality of passivated products to our customers since 2002. Here at Delstar Metal Finishing, we offer on-site passivation services on all types of metals with a focus on stainless steel, Inconel, Hastelloy, and other nickel alloys. Call or contact us today to speak to a Delstar specialist about passivating!男人和美女睡觉亲热在线观看 男人和美女睡觉亲热无删减 男人和美女睡觉亲热在线观看 男人和美女睡觉亲热无删减,伊人狠狠色丁香婷婷综合在线观看 伊人狠狠色丁香婷婷综合 伊人狠狠色丁香婷婷综合在线观看 伊人狠狠色丁香婷婷综合


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Fiber Arts Exhibit at Sacred Heart University is Sure to Pleasecomments (2) May 12th, 2008
"The history of fiber can be traced to the beginnings of civilization. With uses dating from the Stone Age, approximately 2.5 million years ago, such natural fibers as flax, cotton, wool and silk have been discovered in ancient burial sites in Egypt, Babylonia, Peru, and Great Britain," according to Nisha Drinkard of William Paterson University.
Drinkard curated Contemporary Fiber, the current exhibit at The Gallery of Contemporary Art at Sacred Heart University (Fairfield, Connecticut), which features fiber art from 22 purveyors and is on display until May 29, 2008.
Their offerings range from dresses to framed work on canvas, but all entries are made mainly with textiles. Techniques used to manipulate the fibers include knitting, sewing, stitching, weaving, and quilting.


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School of Visual Communication Design
Kent State University
Jessica Barness is an Assistant Professor in the School of Visual Communication Design at Kent State University. Barness' creative work is in both print and screen design, exploring how language and behavior are reshaped in interactive contexts. Her current research interests include visual translation, glitches, aesthetics and rhetoric in graphic design.
A (Dis)Connected Twenty-Six is a digital interface that transforms a user's typed word into an array of audio-visual 'ingredients' for screen-based collage. Situated at the intersection of design, interactive artwork and writing, this interface is a stage for a performance of translation, transforming letters of the alphabet into a curated collection of images and sound. Morse code – with its ability to be read, seen, heard and spoken – is used here in a modular way to form the project's foundation.
The user begins by entering a word of their choice, which prompts a display of stylized Morse code on screen. When rolled over, the Morse code dashes and dots launch images and sound, and can be dragged and positioned anywhere on the stage. Clicking on a button within each Morse code letter translates the media one final time back to typographic letterforms. Images layer visually according to the syntax of the user's word. The user experience is both indeterminate and determinate: modular elements may be continually rearranged on screen, or a configuration captured at any time by printing the collage.
The project presents an opportunity for user-‐oriented performance that is also social; the making of each collage is an imaginative act of discovery, and is visible to others during its creation. It references the past (Morse code) as a way to examine possibilities of the future (interactive 'writing'). By literally using language and code, it offers a glimpse at the ways writing and audio-visual activity can come together in an unusual production of media-rich artifacts.


text:
Leaked data has reportedly emerged indicating that Flight MS804 was on fire before it crashed, as smoke alarms were sounding for almost three minutes before it began its rapid descent.
The leaked data was filed through the Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS), a data link for sending messages between planes and ground facilities.
The new information suggests that a fire may have been on board the EgyptAir plane and is more likely reason for the crash than a bomb, although experts have not ruled out the use of an 'incendiary device'.
According to the leaked data, smoke alarms in the lavatory behind the cockpit first began sounding at 00.26GMT. Less than a minute later, smoke was also detected in the avionics [electronics].
The final two alerts from the plane indicate faults with the FCU – the flight control unit used by the pilot to input instructions into the flight computer – and the SEC 3 – the computer that controls the plane's spoilers and elevator computers.
An ACARS screen grab published by air industry website The Aviation Herald shows time stamps that appear to match the time the aircraft lost contact with controllers.
Meanwhile Egyptian officials have continue saying that they suspect terrorism, no group has yet come forward to claim credit as theories as to the cause of the crash continue to circulate.


FUB és a pártok
Freie Ungarische Botschaft and Political Parties
The organizational mission of the Freie Ungarische Botschaft (FUB) is to restore the democratic rule of law and to create a society of solidarity in Hungary—from abroad.
The group aims to achieve this goal as a civil society organization. One cornerstone of our independence is our relationship to political parties. The FUB has no intention to assume or exercise any form of public power. The association also refrains from supporting organizations in their efforts to assume or exercise public authority.
The purpose of the FUB is to raise awareness and to disseminate information, to build alliances with other organizations as well as to turn European and particularly German public attention to the Hungarian situation. The association can only be successful in fulfilling this purpose if it remains independent, impartial and makes its affairs with political parties transparent to the public.
Guiding principles regarding political parties and elections:
 1. The FUB sees German and Hungarian political parties and their representatives who share its core values as important partners, and actively seeks cooperation with them. Nevertheless, it never commits itself to any candidates or nominating organizations in any elections whose purpose is to pursue public office (mandate in an organ of popular representation or position in a governmental body) neither in Hungary, nor in Germany, nor at the European level. This excludes the appraisal of candidates, nominating organizations and their programs strictly on the basis of professional criteria in alignment with the aims of the FUB.
 2. Board members and any persons publicly representing the association may neither run in any election whose purpose is to pursue public office nor perform a key function in a political party or publicly represent it. In the case that a member should choose to run in such an election, they are obliged to inform the FUB board four months prior to the expected date of that election, and are to resign from any such functions in the FUB.
 3. The FUB does not develop party platforms, and its members and associates do not participate in developing such platforms in the name of the association. In the case that the FUB assesses parts of party platforms pertaining to its programs or function, the result of that assessment will be made publicly available on its web site.
 4. The FUB may share its official opinion with representatives of any political party.
 5. The FUB board has the authority to approve or disapprove any participation or publicly held speech at a political party's event. The main consideration regarding this decision is whether such participation poses a risk of the FUB committing itself to a candidate or a nominating organization, or appearing to do so.
 6. Representatives of political parties may be invited to public events organized by the FUB if the topic of the event justifies this participation. In the case that a speaker at a FUB public event is a representative of a political party, the association will strive to strike a balance of voices by adjusting the list of participants for the event or event series accordingly. This rule also applies to events jointly hosted by the FUB and other organizations and it is a necessary condition of any such joint undertaking.
 7. The FUB does not organize events collaboratively nor does it participate in joint engagements with any political party, political party foundation or any organizational unit thereof nor with any elected official1 of a political party.
 8. The FUB maintains a register of inquiries received from political parties and other nominating organizations, political candidates as well as persons holding mandates in an organ of popular representation or holding public offices in a government body in Germany or in Hungary, as well as registering answers provided to these inquiries. The register also contains any enquiries the FUB directed at such persons or organizations. The register is updated at least semiannually and is publicly available.
 9. The FUB does not accept any direct or indirect cash or in-kind donations from political parties or political party foundations registered in Hungary or the elected officials thereof. In the case that a political party or a political party foundation registered outside of Hungary offers a donation2, the FUB can only accept this with consideration of maintaining a balance between parties. The details of any such contributions will be published on the FUB's website.
 10. The FUB does not collect or otherwise provide any donations to political parties or political party foundations registered in Hungary or the elected officials thereof.
This document is based on the statement "A TASZ és a politikai pártok (Hungarian Civil Liberties Union and Political Parties)".
This regulation comes into effect on 24.02.2020.
1 Elected office is an office assumed as a result of in-party elections, or a public office (member of parliament, municipal representative, mayor etc.).
2 Any contribution is considered a donation, which includes funds awarded through grants or other awards.


Closest-pair problem
From Rosetta Code
(Redirected from Closest pair problem)
Task
Closest-pair problem
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Closest pair of points problem. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance)
Task
Provide a function to find the closest two points among a set of given points in two dimensions, i.e. to solve the Closest pair of points problem in the planar case.
The straightforward solution is a O(n2) algorithm (which we can call brute-force algorithm); the pseudo-code (using indexes) could be simply:
bruteForceClosestPair of P(1), P(2), ... P(N)
if N < 2 then
 returnelse
 minDistance ← |P(1) - P(2)|
 minPoints ← { P(1), P(2) }
 foreach i ∈ [1, N-1]
 foreach j ∈ [i+1, N]
 if |P(i) - P(j)| < minDistance then
 minDistance ← |P(i) - P(j)|
 minPoints ← { P(i), P(j) }
 endif
 endfor
 endfor
 return minDistance, minPoints
 endif
A better algorithm is based on the recursive divide&conquer approach, as explained also at Wikipedia's Closest pair of points problem, which is O(n log n); a pseudo-code could be:
closestPair of (xP, yP)
 where xP is P(1) .. P(N) sorted by x coordinate, and
 yP is P(1) .. P(N) sorted by y coordinate (ascending order)
if N ≤ 3 then
 return closest points of xP using brute-force algorithm
else
 xL ← points of xP from 1 to ⌈N/2⌉
 xR ← points of xP from ⌈N/2⌉+1 to N
 xm ← xP(⌈N/2⌉)x
 yL ← { p ∈ yP : px ≤ xm }
 yR ← { p ∈ yP : px > xm }
 (dL, pairL) ← closestPair of (xL, yL)
 (dR, pairR) ← closestPair of (xR, yR)
 (dmin, pairMin) ← (dR, pairR)
 if dL < dR then
 (dmin, pairMin) ← (dL, pairL)
 endif
 yS ← { p ∈ yP : |xm - px| < dmin }
 nS ← number of points in yS
 (closest, closestPair) ← (dmin, pairMin)
 for i from 1 to nS - 1
 k ← i + 1
 while k ≤ nS and yS(k)y - yS(i)y < dmin
 if |yS(k) - yS(i)| < closest then
 (closest, closestPair) ← (|yS(k) - yS(i)|, {yS(k), yS(i)})
 endif
 k ← k + 1
 endwhile
 endfor
 return closest, closestPair
endif
References and further readings
360 Assembly
* Closest Pair Problem 10/03/2017
CLOSEST CSECT
USING CLOSEST,R13 base register
B 72(R15) skip savearea
DC 17F'0' savearea
STM R14,R12,12(R13) save previous context
ST R13,4(R15) link backward
ST R15,8(R13) link forward
LR R13,R15 set addressability
LA R6,1 i=1
LA R7,2 j=2
BAL R14,DDCALC dd=(px(i)-px(j))^2+(py(i)-py(j))^2
BAL R14,DDSTORE ddmin=dd; ii=i; jj=j
LA R6,1 i=1
DO WHILE=(C,R6,LE,N) do i=1 to n
LA R7,1 j=1
DO WHILE=(C,R7,LE,N) do j=1 to n
BAL R14,DDCALC dd=(px(i)-px(j))^2+(py(i)-py(j))^2
IF CP,DD,GT,=P'0' THEN if dd>0 then
IF CP,DD,LT,DDMIN THEN if dd<ddmin then
BAL R14,DDSTORE ddmin=dd; ii=i; jj=j
ENDIF , endif
ENDIF , endif
LA R7,1(R7) j++
ENDDO , enddo j
LA R6,1(R6) i++
ENDDO , enddo i
ZAP WPD,DDMIN ddmin
DP WPD,=PL8'2' ddmin/2
ZAP SQRT2,WPD(8) sqrt2=ddmin/2
ZAP SQRT1,DDMIN sqrt1=ddmin
DO WHILE=(CP,SQRT1,NE,SQRT2) do while sqrt1<>sqrt2
ZAP SQRT1,SQRT2 sqrt1=sqrt2
ZAP WPD,DDMIN ddmin
DP WPD,SQRT1 /sqrt1
ZAP WP1,WPD(8) ddmin/sqrt1
AP WP1,SQRT1 +sqrt1
ZAP WPD,WP1 ~
DP WPD,=PL8'2' /2
ZAP SQRT2,WPD(8) sqrt2=(sqrt1+(ddmin/sqrt1))/2
ENDDO , enddo while
MVC PG,=CL80'the minimum distance '
ZAP WP1,SQRT2 sqrt2
BAL R14,EDITPK edit
MVC PG+21(L'WC),WC output
XPRNT PG,L'PG print buffer
XPRNT =CL22'is between the points:',22
MVC PG,PGP init buffer
L R1,II ii
SLA R1,4 *16
LA R4,PXY-16(R1) @px(ii)
MVC WP1,0(R4) px(ii)
BAL R14,EDITPK edit
MVC PG+3(L'WC),WC output
MVC WP1,8(R4) py(ii)
BAL R14,EDITPK edit
MVC PG+21(L'WC),WC output
XPRNT PG,L'PG print buffer
MVC PG,PGP init buffer
L R1,JJ jj
SLA R1,4 *16
LA R4,PXY-16(R1) @px(jj)
MVC WP1,0(R4) px(jj)
BAL R14,EDITPK edit
MVC PG+3(L'WC),WC output
MVC WP1,8(R4) py(jj)
BAL R14,EDITPK edit
MVC PG+21(L'WC),WC output
XPRNT PG,L'PG print buffer
L R13,4(0,R13) restore previous savearea pointer
LM R14,R12,12(R13) restore previous context
XR R15,R15 rc=0
BR R14 exit
DDCALC EQU * ---- dd=(px(i)-px(j))^2+(py(i)-py(j))^2
LR R1,R6 i
SLA R1,4 *16
LA R4,PXY-16(R1) @px(i)
LR R1,R7 j
SLA R1,4 *16
LA R5,PXY-16(R1) @px(j)
ZAP WP1,0(8,R4) px(i)
ZAP WP2,0(8,R5) px(j)
SP WP1,WP2 px(i)-px(j)
ZAP WPS,WP1 =
MP WP1,WPS (px(i)-px(j))*(px(i)-px(j))
ZAP WP2,8(8,R4) py(i)
ZAP WP3,8(8,R5) py(j)
SP WP2,WP3 py(i)-py(j)
ZAP WPS,WP2 =
MP WP2,WPS (py(i)-py(j))*(py(i)-py(j))
AP WP1,WP2 (px(i)-px(j))^2+(py(i)-py(j))^2
ZAP DD


text:
In this note we are concerned with the control of a non-holonomic mobile robot, including the kinematic and the mechanical models of the robot as well as the electrical dynamics of the brushed DC motors used as actuators. We present, for the first time, a formal justification for a control strategy based on velocity and current inner loops driven by proportional controllers. Although this strategy is well known and very common in practice, a formal stability analysis supporting these ideas had not been presented until now. © 2010 Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden and The Robotics Society of Japan.
Avendaño-Juárez, J. L., Hernández-Guzmán, V. M., & Silva-Ortigoza, R. (2010). Velocity and current inner loops in a wheeled mobile robot. Advanced Robotics, _PHONE_. _URL_


server and may slow it down. If your server is busy, the effects of trying to perform these
reverse lookups or double reverse lookups may be quite noticeable.
Reverse lookups and double reverse lookups are also an issue for the Internet as a whole. All of the
individual connections made to look up each hostname add up. Therefore, for your own Web servers
benefit, as well as for the Internets benefit, you should leave this option set to No Reverse Lookup.
26.2.3. Environment Variables
Sometimes it is necessary to modify environment variables for CGI scripts or server-side include (SSI)
pages. The Apache HTTP Server can use the mod_env module to configure the environment variables
which are passed to CGI scripts and SSI pages. Use the Environment Variables page to configure
the directives for this module.
Figure 26-5. Environment Variables
Use the Set for CGI Scripts section to set an environment variable that is passed to CGI scripts and
SSI pages. For example, to set the environment variable MAXNUM to 50, click the Add button inside the
Set for CGI Script section as shown in Figure 26-5 and type MAXNUM in the Environment Variable
text field and 50 in the Value to set text field. Click OK to add it to the list. The Set for CGI Scripts
section configures the SetEnv directive.
Use the Pass to CGI Scripts section to pass the value of an environment variable when the server was
first started to CGI scripts. To see this environment variable, type the command env at a shell prompt.
Click the Add button inside the Pass to CGI Scripts section and enter the name of the environment
Chapter 26. Apache HTTP Server Configuration 195
variable in the resulting dialog box. Click OK to add it to the list. The Pass to CGI Scripts section
configures the PassEnv directive.
If you want to remove an environment variable so that the value is not passed to CGI scripts and SSI
pages, use the Unset for CGI Scripts section. Click Add in the Unset for CGI Scripts section, and
enter the name of the environment variable to unset. Click OK to add it to the list. This corresponds
to the UnsetEnv directive.
To edit any of these environment values, select it from the list and click the corresponding Edit button.
To delete any entry from the list, select it and click the cooresponding Delete button.
To learn more about environment variables in Apache HTTP Server, refer to the following:
_URL_
26.2.4. Directories
Use the Directories page to configure options for specific directories. This corresponds to the
<Directory> directive.
Figure 26-6. Directories
Click the Edit button in the top right-hand corner to configure the Default Directory Options for
all directories that are not specified in the Directory list below it. The options that you choose are
listed as the Options directive within the <Directory> directive. You can configure the following
options:
ExecCGI Allow execution of CGI scripts. CGI scripts are not executed if this option is not
chosen.
FollowSymLinks Allow symbolic links to be followed.
Includes Allow server-side includes.
196 Chapter 26. Apache HTTP Server Configuration
IncludesNOEXEC Allow server-side includes, but disable the #exec and #include com-
mands in CGI scripts.
Indexes Display a formatted list of the directorys contents, if no DirectoryIndex (such as
index.html) exists in the requested directory.
Multiview Support content-negotiated multiviews; this option is disabled by default.
SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Only follow symbolic links if the target file or directory has the same
owner as the link.
To specify options for specific directories, click the Add button beside the Directory list box. The
window shown in Figure 26-7 appears. Enter the directory to configure in the Directory text field at
the bottom of the window. Select the options in the right-hand list, and configure the Order directive
with the left-hand side options. The Order directive controls the order in which allow and deny
directives are evaluated. In the Allow hosts from and Deny hosts from text field, you can specify one
of the following:
Allow all hosts Type all to allow access to all hosts.
Partial domain name Allow all hosts whose names match or end with the specified string.
Full IP address Allow access to a specific IP address.
A subnet Such as 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0
A network CIDR specification such as 10.3.0.0/16
Figure 26-7. Directory Settings
If you check the Let .htaccess files override directory options, the configuration directives in the
.htaccess file take precedence.
Chapter 26. Apache HTTP Server Configuration 197
26.3. Virtual Hosts Settings
You can use the HTTP Configuration Tool to configure virtual hosts. Virtual hosts allow
you to run different servers for different IP addresses, different host names, or different ports
on the same machine. For example, you can run the website for _URL_
and _URL_ on the same Web server using virtual hosts. This option
corresponds to the <VirtualHost> directive for the default virtual host and IP based virtual hosts. It
corresponds to the <NameVirtualHost> directive for a name based virtual host.
The directives set for a virtual host only apply to that particular virtual host. If a directive is set
server-wide using the Edit Default Settings button and not defined within the virtual host settings,
the default setting is used. For example, you can define a Webmaster email address in the Main tab
and not define individual email addresses for each virtual host.
The HTTP Configuration Tool includes a default virtual host as shown in Figure 26-8.
Figure 26-8. Virtual Hosts
_URL_ and the Apache HTTP Server documentation on your ma-
chine provides more information about virtual hosts.
26.3.1. Adding and Editing a Virtual Host
To add a virtual host, click the Virtual Hosts tab and then click the Add button. You can also edit a
virtual host by selecting it in the list and clicking the Edit button.
26.3.1.1. General Options
The General Options settings only apply to the virtual host that you are configuring. Set the name of
the virtual host in the Virtual Host Name text area. This name is used by HTTP Configuration Tool
to distinguish between virtual hosts.
Set the Document Root Directory value to the directory that contains the root document (such as
index.html) for the virtual host. This option corresponds to the DocumentRoot directive within the
<VirtualHost> directive. The default DocumentRoot is /var/www/html.
The Webmaster email address corresponds to the ServerAdmin directive within the VirtualHost
directive. This email address is used in the footer of error pages if you choose to show a footer with
an email address on the error pages.
198 Chapter 26. Apache HTTP Server Configuration
In the Host Information section, choose Default Virtual Host, IP based Virtual Host, or Name
based Virtual Host.
Default Virtual Host
You should only configure one default virtual host (remember that there is one setup by default).
The default virtual host settings are used when the requested IP address is not explicitly listed in
another virtual host. If there is no default virtual host defined, the main server settings are used.
IP based Virtual Host
If you choose IP based Virtual Host, a window appears to configure the <VirtualHost> di-
rective based on the IP address of the server. Specify this IP address in the IP address field. To
specify more than one IP address, separate each IP address with spaces. To specify a port, use the
syntax IP Address:Port. Use :* to configure all ports for the IP address. Specify the host
name for the virtual host in the Server Host Name field.
Name based Virtual Host
If you choose Name based Virtual Host, a window appears to configure the NameVirtualHost
directive based on the host name of the server. Specify the IP address in the IP address field.
To specify more than one IP address, separate each IP address with spaces. To specify a port,
use the syntax IP Address:Port. Use :* to configure all ports for the IP address. Specify
the host name for the virtual host in the Server Host Name field. In the Aliases section, click
Add to add a host name alias. Adding an alias here adds a ServerAlias directive within the
NameVirtualHost directive.
26.3.1.2. SSL
Note
You can not use name based virtual hosts with SSL, because the SSL handshake (when the browser
accepts the secure Web servers certificate) occurs before the HTTP request which identifies the
appropriate name based virtual host. If you want to use name-based virtual hosts, they will only work
with your non-secure Web server.
Chapter 26. Apache HTTP Server Configuration 199
Figure 26-9. SSL Support
If an Apache HTTP Server is not configured with SSL support, communications between an Apache
HTTP Server and its clients are not encrypted. This is appropriate for websites without personal or
confidential information. For example, an open source website that distributes open source software
and documentation has no need for secure communications. However, an ecommerce website that
requires credit card information should use the Apache SSL support to encrypt its communications.
Enabling Apache SSL support enables the use of the mod_ssl security module. To


text:
Posted by: Ivy Wigmore
a or an, abbreviations, acronyms and initialisms, acronyms and prepositions
Which is correct?
An enhanced driver's license contains _______ that allows authorities to pull up your data.
a. a RFID tag
b. an RFID tag
The official pronunciation of RFID is R-F-I-D – saying the letters of the initialism separately. However, if something can be said in two syllables rather than four, that's usually going to happen (and who am I to argue, since I pronounce ASAP as A-sap). RFID is commonly pronounced ARE-fid. Whether you pronounce the letters separately, though, or say are-fid, "an" is the correct article because both sound as if they start with a vowel.
There are also those who pronounce RFID as RIFF-id or RIFF-dee. If that's how you pronounce it, you could write a RFID but be aware that most people would read that as "a ARE-EFF-EYE-DEE" or "a ARE-fid," which would not leave a good impression of your intelligence. Try saying them out loud and you'll see what I mean.
The Urban Dictionary discusses RFID, including its pronunciation.
Follow me on Twitter _USER_


How To Change Ring Alarm Keypad Entry Time
How long is the ring Keypad functional? How long will the keypad's battery last before it has to be recharged? The battery should last between six and nine months on a single charge. This varies according on use and power-saving settings.
How long does Ring Alarm's entrance delay last? When you enter your house, your alarm system starts a countdown to the alarm sounding. This is referred to as a "Entry Delay," because it allows you to enter your house and deactivate the system prior to it activating. This system may be configured to have a delay duration of 0 to 180 seconds.
When I open the door, why does my Ring Alarm sound? Armed Modes: When armed, the Contact Sensor will alert you to the opening of a door or window. You may change the parameters for the Sensor mode. Bypass Sensors: If a Contact Sensor is open or unavailable during arming, or if you choose to leave a window open, you may bypass the Contact Sensor and leave it disarmed.
How To Change Ring Alarm Keypad Entry Time – RELATED QUESTIONS
Is it possible to hardwire a ring keypad?
Is there a rechargeable battery for the ring keypad?
The Keypad connects to normal power outlets and features a rechargeable battery that ensures the Keypad remains operational even when the power is turned off.
What is the procedure for resetting my ring alarm?
To reset a Ring Base Station, put a pin into the minuscule hole on the back and keep it in place for at least 10 seconds. When the LED (on the front of the device) turns red, the reset is complete. Unplug the Base Station after it has been reset.
See also How To Set Up Ring Alarm With Alexa
What is the procedure for resetting a ring alarm?
For about ten seconds, press and hold the Setup button. Your listener has reset when the LED stops flashing.
Where is the five-digit PIN code for the ring doorbell located?
On the back of each Ring Alarm gadget is a unique QR code and 5-digit code.
Is it possible to alter the duration of the Ring Alarm?
To set your entrance delay, follow these steps: Modes may be found under Location Settings. "Home" or "Away" are tapped. "Entry Delay" should be selected. Set the entry delay to the desired duration.
Is the Ring keypad equipped with a panic button?
Ring Alarm customers may use the Panic option to rapidly activate emergency assistance through their Ring Alarm system. The Ring Alarm Panic Button or the Ring Alarm Keypad may be used to activate the Panic alarm.
Why is the ring doorbell delayed?
What exactly is this? The doorbell requires a strong signal to transmit data accurately between the device and the smartphone on which you want to receive alerts, and a poor internet connection may be causing your ring camera to lag.
Does Ring indicate that the entrance door is open?
How do you disable a Ring Security System?
What is an alert for an open door?
Open door alarms with audio or short-range notifications are reasonably priced and simple to install. When a door is opened, a sensor installed on the door delivers a signal to a receiver.
Is it possible to have two Ring keypads?
However, several keypads may be added to the Ring system, allowing you to have one at each entrance point or in your bedroom if that is a more convenient location. The keypad may be set flat on a table or wall mounted, and is powered by a simple MicroUSB cord.
See also How To Make Alarm Ring Through Headphones Iphone
What is the Ring Keypad's energy-saving mode?
With energy conservation turned on: Mode When a button is pushed, it illuminates. When it is dark and any button is pushed, the numbers illuminate. This is the most energy-efficient choice. When it is dark and either (1) a button is pushed or (2) motion is sensed, the numbers illuminate.
How long do the batteries in ring alarms last?
The battery has a three-year life. Nota bene: You do not have to disassemble the complete gadget to change the battery. Remove the cover from your motion sensor by pressing the cover release. Disconnect the battery.
How is a ring keypad's battery replaced?
How long does it take to charge the Ring keypad?
The Ring Alarm Keypad requires between two and five hours to completely charge. When charging is complete, the green charging indicator will become solid green.
Does the ring keypad have to be plugged in at all times?
The Ring Keypad does not need continual recharging. When in power-saving mode, it has a battery life of up to 12 months. The Ring Keypad's battery is meant to last months, which means that once charged, the Keypad may be left on the wall or on a table without being plugged in.
Is there a night mode on the ring alarm?
Utilize Mode Schedules to configure your Ring Alarm to arm in Home Mode every night around bedtime, or to disarm in Home Mode Monday through Friday before the kids return from school.
What is the meaning of ring delay?
When a call is placed to your machine, you will hear the standard telephone ring. The Ring Delay option specifies the number of rings. In the Fax Only and Fax/Tel Modes, the Ring Delay parameter controls the number of times the machine rings before responding.
See also Does IphOne Alarm Still Ring on Silent
What does triggered entry delay mean?
The entry delay is the time required to disarm the system after your return home and activation of a sensor. The entrance delay is set to 30 seconds by default. Both the departure and entrance delay periods may be customized to fit your lifestyle through your online account.
Does Ring Alarm contact the authorities?
When you activate SOS inside the Ring app, a signal is sent seeking police, fire, or medical assistance. The monitoring center will contact your primary point of contact in the event of an emergency. If no one responds, the monitoring center will contact the appropriate authorities (police, fire, or medical), based on your option.
What happens when the Ring panic button is pressed?
When an emergency occurs within your house, seek assistance immediately. For three seconds, press and hold the Alarm Panic Button to activate the Ring Alarm's siren. If you're a Ring Protect Plus subscriber, our 24-hour professional monitoring center will be contacted, and emergency personnel will be summoned.


text:
Whereuare Community – Nätverka med andra distansarbetare & ta del av bra erbjudanden
CLIMATE PRODUCT EXPERT
EUMETSAT is Europe's meteorological satellite agency – monitoring the weather and climate from space – 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
We are currently looking for an experienced Climate Product Expert to join our international team of inspiring engineers and industry professionals, tasked with driving innovation within the Space, Satellite and Earth Observation sector.
This role is rooted in the mission of EUMETSAT and will provide the opportunity to work with leading IT, Space and Earth Observation organisations and domain experts to make a positive impact on society!
EUMETSAT uses data from its growing Earth observation fleet, as well as data from other agencies, to support climate information services by rescuing, recalibrating and reprocessing long series of satellite observations and validating the resulting climate datasets.
Within the Climate Services Team of the User Support and Climate Services Division (USC), the Climate Product Expert leads specific scientific developments for the generation and validation of climate data records, focusing on the rescue, recalibration and reprocessing of satellite observations to Level 1, including relevant EUMETSAT contributions to cooperative European research projects and to the Copernicus Climate Change Service.
The Climate Services team consists of staff with a wide range of expertise from climate applications of Earth Observation data to informatics that produce climate data efficiently. The team uses the latest technologies that can be applied to cloud/bulk data processing systems to generate and validate the datasets. The team also supports the further development of these systems. Joining EUMETSAT in this role offers a unique opportunity to develop a professional career in a highly motivating environment.
What you'll be doing
· Lead agreed scientific developments for the rescue, recalibration, uncertainty characterisation, and reprocessing of observations into Level 1 products and the validation of the resulting Fundamental Climate Data records for instruments operating in the visible spectrum including:
o Development and application of quality control methods for metadata and raw data;
o Development and validation of instrument corrections and re- and cross-calibration methods;
o Development of appropriate uncertainty estimates for Level 1 products.
· Coordinate the implementation and validation of calibration and inter-calibration activities together with the corresponding experts within EUMETSAT;
· Support the implementation of all developed methods in the operational systems and environment; Compile relevant documentation, reports and peer reviewed scientific publications;
· Support the definition and maintenance of product requirements for EUMETSAT climate data records and the evolution of climate data records and related interactions with Satellite Application Facilities.
What we offer
· Excellent salary, of up to Euro 7,500 NET (after tax) based on skills and experience
· Flexible working time including additional flexi-leave
· Full medical coverage for employee and family
· Attractive pension
· 30 days of annual leave + 14.5 days public holidays
· Training and development support
· Relocation allowance and support (if applicable)
· University degree in Meteorology, Atmospheric Physics, Remote Sensing or another relevant discipline.
Skills and Experience:
In-depth knowledge and demonstrated experience in:
· Scientific development for instrument calibration including external calibration, measurement corrections and validation of satellite products for satellite instruments measuring in the visible spectrum;
· Use of radiative transfer models in the visible spectrum;
· Metrological uncertainty characterisation;
· Programming using C/C++ and/or Fortran 95 (and higher) programming languages as well as scripting languages, such as Python, Shell;
· Management of small to medium scientific projects;
· Good interpersonal skills and a proven ability to apply these to the interactions within a team and between teams in an international environment.
APPLICATIONS MUST BE SUBMITTED IN ENGLISH. WE WILL BE UNABLE TO CONSIDER APPLICATIONS SUBMITTED IN OTHER LANGUAGES.
EUMETSAT is an international organisation employing staff from across all 30 member states and this role is being advertised on multiple international job boards, but please note that this role would be based in Darmstadt, Germany and would require international applicants to work from the headquarters from day 1. Remote working is not an option for this role.
More about us
EUMETSAT's role is to establish and operate meteorological satellites to monitor the weather and climate from space – 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. This information is supplied to the National Meteorological Services of the organisation's Member and Cooperating States in Europe, as well as other users worldwide.
EUMETSAT also operates several Copernicus missions on behalf of the European Union and provide data services to the Copernicus marine and atmospheric services and their users.
As an intergovernmental European Organisation, EUMETSAT can recruit nationals only from the 30 Member States (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom).
Salary: Up to 7,500.00kr per month
Work Location: On the road


text:
The Headwaters: Shaped by Demand
In July 2010, Expedition Blue Planet explored the headwaters of the Colorado River to investigate how this mighty river is overallocated from the moment its waters touch the ground up in the Rocky Mountains, where the Continental Divide rises like a spine and demarcates the Mississippi watershed that lies to the East from the Colorado watershed that falls to the West. Today we find that this iconic river still means life for the 20 million people who live in its basin — just as it did for the Native Americans, just as it did for the settlers who drove West and claimed it as their own. But the truth is, the minute it touches the ground, we've allocated every drop and too often we're not even judicious in how we use it. In this short film, we speak to key voices in the headwaters region and chart the path of the river's flow to investigate water use and management issues in the American West. Here, it's all about what's downstream.


Wanted: Effectively-Once Processing in Azure
This experimental post is a question. The question is too broad for StackOverflow, so I'm posting it here. Please engage in the comments section, or forward the link to subject experts.
TL;DR: Are there any known patterns / tools / frameworks to provide scalable, stateful, effectively-once, end-to-end processing of messages, to be hosted in Azure, preferably on PaaS-level of service?
Motivational Example
Let's say we are making a TODO app. There is a constant flow of requests to create a TODO in the system. Each request contains just two fields: a title and a project ID which TODO should belong to. Here is the definition:
type TodoRequest = {
 ProjectId: int
 Title: string
Now, we want to process the request and assign each TODO an identifier, which should be an auto-incremented integer. Numeration is unique per project, so each TODO must have its own combination of ProjectId and Id:
type Todo = {
 ProjectId: int
 Id: int
 Title: string
Now, instead of relying on some database sequences, I want to describe this transformation as a function. The function has the type (TodoRequest, int) -> (Todo, int), i.e. it transforms a tuple of a request and current per-project state (last generated ID) to a tuple of a TODO and post-processing state:
let create (request: TodoRequest, state: int) =
 let nextId = state + 1
 let todo = {
 ProjectId = request.ProjectId
 Id = nextId
 Title = request.Title
 todo, nextId
This is an extremely simple function, and I can use it to great success to process local, non-durable data.
But if I need to make a reliable distributed application out of it, I need to take care of lots of things:
 1. No request should be lost. I need to persist all the requests into a durable storage in case of processor crash.
 2. Similarly, I need to persist TODO's too. Presumably, some downstream logic will use the persisted data later on in TODO's lifecycle.
 3. The state (the counter) must be durable too. In case of crash of processing function, I want to be able to restart processing after recovery.
 4. Processing of the requests should be sequential per project ID. Otherwise I might get a clash of ID's in case two requests belonging to the same project are processed concurrently.
 5. I still want requests to different projects to be processed in parallel, to make sure the system scales up with the growth of project count.
 6. There must be no holes or duplicates in TODO numbering per project, even in face of system failures. In worst case, I agree to tolerate a duplicated entry in the output log, but it must be exactly the same entry (i.e. two entries with same project id, id and title).
 7. The system should tolerate a permanent failure of any single hardware dependency and automatically fail-over within reasonable time.
It's not feasible to meet all of those requirements without relying on some battle-tested distributed services or frameworks.
Which options do I know of?
Traditionally, this kind of requirements were solved by using transactions in something like SQL Server. If I store requests, TODO's and current ID per project in the same relational database, I can make each processing step a single atomic transaction.
This addresses all the concerns, as long as we can stay inside the single database. That's probably a viable option for the TODO app, but less of so if I convert my toy example to some real applications like IoT data processing.
Can we do the same for distributed systems at scale?
Azure Event Hubs
Since I touched IoT space, the logical choice would be to store our entries in Azure Event Hubs. That works for many criteria, but I don't see any available approach to make such processing consistent in the face of failures.
When processing is done, we need to store 3 pieces: generated TODO event, current processing offset and current ID. Event goes to another event hub, processing offset is stored in Blob Storage and ID can be saved to something like Table Storage.
But there's no way to store those 3 pieces atomically. Whichever order we choose, we are bound to get anomalies in some specific failure modes.
Azure Functions
Azure Functions don't solve those problems. But I want to mention this Function-as-a-Service offering because they provide an ideal programming model for my use case.
I need to take just one step from my domain function to Azure Function: to define bindings for e.g. Event Hubs and Table Storage.
However, reliability guarantees will stay poor. I won't get neither sequential processing per Event Hub partition key, nor atomic state commit.
Azure Service Fabric
Service Fabric sounds like a good candidate service for reliable processing. Unfortunately, I don't have much experience with it to judge.
Please leave a comment if you do.
JVM World
There are products in JVM world which claim to solve my problem perfectly.
Apache Kafka was the inspiration for Event Hubs log-based messaging. The recent Kafka release provides effectively-once processing semantics as long as data stay inside Kafka. Kafka does that with atomic publishing to multiple topics, and state storage based on compacted topics.
Apache Flink has similar guarantees for its stream processing APIs.
Great, but how do I get such awesomeness in.NET code, and without installing expensive ZooKeeper-managed clusters?
Call for Feedback
Do you know a solution, product or service?
Have you developed effectively-once processing on.NET / Azure stack?
Are you in touch with somebody who works on such framework?
Please leave a comment, or ping me on Twitter.
Cloud developer and researcher.
Software engineer at Pulumi. Microsoft Azure MVP.
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text:
Joseph Henry was born in Albany in December 1797. He was the son of Scottish emigres-turned-Albany residents William and Ann Alexander Henry. This younger son of a marginal southside family was sent to live with his grandparents in rural Saratoga County even before his father died in 1811.
He returned to Albany when he was fifteen already having displayed the intellect and curiosity of a scholar. He moved into the South Pearl Street home of his widowed mother.
He also found work as a tutor and surveyor. Interested in drama, he was an amateur actor.
In 1826, he was appointed to the faculty at his alma mater, the Albany Academy.
In May 1830, he married Harriet Alexander in Schenectady. She was the niece of his mother. They had four children.
In 1830, he was listed as a professor at the Academy on Fayette Street in the city directory. His widowed mother also lived at that address.
In 1832, he left Albany for Princeton University. In 1846, he was appointed secretary of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington.
Joseph Henry died in Washington, DC in May 1878.
Although among the most notable of native sons who became reknowned after they left Albany, his story is most significant in an early Albany context as a case of extreme upward mobility - laborer's son to world-class scientist!
Sources: The life of Joseph Henry is CAP biography number 8420. This sketch is derived chiefly from family and community-based resources. Numerous biographical treatments in print and online. But see: The Papers of Joseph Henry:... The Albany Years. This sketch considers only his early years in Albany.


Fork me on GitHub
Nikos Baxevanis
Write you some QuickCheck - Generating random strings
This post is part of a series of posts on implementing a minimal version of QuickCheck from scratch. The source code is available on GitHub.
In this post I'll be generating random strings from randomly selected characters. I will also describe a way of customizing the whole creation process.
The following generators are required for this:
Given the above, a generator for strings can be written as:
/// <summary>
/// Generates a random string.
/// </summary>
let string =
 Gen.char
 |> Gen.list
 |> Gen.map (List.toArray >> System.String)
Here are some sample strings:
> Gen.string |> Gen.generate;;
val it : String = "lof5ºÛ"
> Gen.string |> Gen.generate;;
val it : String = "'fv*ì UÇ"
> Gen.string |> Gen.generate;;
val it : String = "Ðê
Customizations
Generarting upper-case strings
let upperCase = Gen.choose (65, 90) |> Gen.map Operators.char
val upperCase : Gen<char>
let customString g =
 g
 |> Gen.list
 |> Gen.map (List.toArray >> System.String)
val customString : g:Gen<char> -> Gen<String>
Sample output:
> upperCase |> customString |> Gen.generate;;
val it : String = "DGVHAYFAWIHQBOD"
> upperCase |> customString |> Gen.generate;;
val it : String = "HEDDZYBATTYL"
> upperCase |> customString |> Gen.generate;;
val it : String = "XLYJSMEYYZXN"
Generating lower-case strings
let lowerCase = Gen.choose (97, 122) |> Gen.map Operators.char
val lowerCase : Gen<char>
let customString g =
 g
 |> Gen.list
 |> Gen.map (List.toArray >> System.String)
val customString : g:Gen<char> -> Gen<String>
Sample output:
> lowerCase |> customString |> Gen.generate;;
val it : String = "qsnj"
> lowerCase |> customString |> Gen.generate;;
val it : String = "cltfvqckqxeirmuqvjn"
> lowerCase |> customString |> Gen.generate;;
val it : String = "wzwfojfjlrjglu"


text:
Accessible Playgroups Initiative
Playgroup Queensland's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Playgroup Resource Unit is available to provide support and assistance to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities to establish community and supported Playgroups.
Assistance can include training for workers, support for families, resources and activities, and on site mentoring for workers. Workers are based in Cairns and Brisbane. Information and telephone support are also provided to Indigenous community playgroups throughout Queensland and visits can be undertaken.
As an early intervention strategy, Indigenous Playgroups provide an opportunity for family focused early intervention, using the Playgroup as a means of family support.
Family support empowers the families by assisting them to identify and develop their own strengths and resources.
The children develop a positive sense of identity through knowledge and understanding of their family and culture. Attendance at Playgroup sessions provides the parents and carers with an environment where pride in family and cultural identity can be fostered.
Strengths of an Indigenous Playgroup can be seen as:
- A model that fits well with Indigenous family ideas, that is family looks after children and family members can attend the Playgroup with the children.
- Providing an opportunity for Playgroup coordinators to model positive and appropriate parenting skills to the families.
- Providing opportunities for families to access local family support workers in a non-threatening environment.
- Providing an opportunity for children's developmental needs to be informally assessed.
- Working in partnership with local Indigenous agencies, government departments and other early childhood services to establish and support Indigenous Playgroups.
Over three years there will be 45 Indigenous Playgroups operating throughout Queensland, from suburban Brisbane to Cape York.
For more information please call:
Brisbane: Andrew McMahon on 1800 171 882 or by email
Cairns: Donna McGaw on 4041 5574 or by email
Download our Accessible Playgroups Initiative brochure here


text:
Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
Among the various quality assurance tests carried out on X-ray machines i" a radio-diagnosis department, kVp measurement is an important one. Unfortunately, the commercially available instruments for . ' measuring kVp are very expensive and generally unaffordable by small radiodiagnostic centres. A simple kvp, penetrameter and a home made optical densitometer have been used to study a total of 15 X-ray machines. The study shows that the simple penetrameter and the optical densitometer are useful and economical tools for checking kVp in small X-ray units.


text:
Media Contact: Mike Bradley
Communications and Media Relations
ORNL launches new Center for Radiation Detection Materials and Systems
CRDMS Director Lynn Boatner: "We plan to take on more global challenges." (hi-res image)
The goal of the new Center for Radiation Detection Materials and Systems (CRDMS) is to establish ORNL as the nation's central national laboratory for innovation and development in the field of radiation detection materials and systems.
Center Director Lynn Boatner said the program is the latest chapter in a rich ORNL history of radiation detection research that includes development of technologies for national security, non-proliferation, worker safety, medical imaging and other applications.
"This center takes what is currently a collection of relatively independent projects and pulls them together into a program with more focus on major goals. It will coordinate and concentrate our efforts by bringing together ORNL physicists, chemists, materials scientists, crystal growers, nuclear engineers, and electrical and electronics engineers," said Boatner, a materials physicist in ORNL's Condensed Matter Sciences Division and an ORNL Corporate Fellow.
"There is a lot of expertise here, but we have lacked a cohesive program. Now, in place of individual proposals and relatively small projects, we plan to take on more global challenges."
Radiation detection research at ORNL began with reactor and physics instrumentation developed here in the early 1940's. Today, ORNL is a leader in the technology behind radiation detectors that use scintillators - high density crystal, glass, or polymeric materials that give off photons of light when exposed to radiation. The photons are then amplified and converted to electrons which produce an electrical signal that is measured to give a radiation detection reading.
Radiation detectors are fabricated from a variety of materials and include electronic materials like germanium and cadmium zinc telluride and scintillators such as lanthanum bromide and lutetium silicate. Materials' properties vary widely: germanium detectors have excellent energy resolution but must operate at cryogenic temperatures, while scintillators operate at room temperature but generally have poor energy resolution.
The new center will focus on new crystal growth, fabrication, and characterization methods, continuing an impressive record of scintillator materials development via crystal growth, hot pressing, glass synthesis, sol-gel processes, and other novel methods, Boatner said.
Hot pressing uses pressure and heat to mold ceramic powders to form high density bodies with controlled microstructures. In sol-gel chemistry, nanoparticles are formed in a liquid phase, condensed into a gel, and dried at low temperatures. The process allows scientists to change the structure of the material at the nanoscale (billionth-of-a-meter) and create ceramics at near-room temperature.
At ORNL, Boatner and colleagues are using a hot press-based process to develop a more versatile, faster way to produce large inorganic scintillators by first synthesizing zinc oxide nanoparticles doped with gallium. Sheng Dai, ORNL Chemical Sciences Division, has used sol-gel processes to form both nanocrystalline and glass scintillators.
Boatner said another center priority is to move ORNL technology into the marketplace. Over the years, ORNL scientists have formed companies like ORTEC and TENNELEC for commercial applications of radiation detection technologies.
More recently, Zane Bell, ORNL Nuclear Science and Technology Division, has led the development of a new radiation detector material and detector prototype to be licensed to NucSafe, a local radiation detector manufacturer. Bell also is co-developer of the HotSpotter, an inexpensive, handheld gamma-ray spectrometer that uses a cadmium tungstate scintillator.
Boatner said the new center will hone technologies to detect illicit nuclear threats such as "dirty bombs," locate stolen nuclear weapons, and verify international agreements to dismantle and convert nuclear warheads into fuel for U.S. nuclear power plants.
It also will exploit ORNL's world-class facilities for fabrication and characterization of radiation detector materials, Boatner said. Those facilities include the Environmental Effects Lab, the High Flux Isotope Reactor, the Spallation Neutron Source, the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Leadership Class Computing, and the nation's best facilities for radioisotope preparation and radiation calibration.
"ORNL has the most complete set of materials fabrication capabilities in the nation," Boatner said. "We can do almost every known crystal growth technique, and with the capabilities of HFIR and the SNS, ORNL will have the world's finest neutron analysis tools to characterize properties of new scintillator and electronic radiation detection materials including the purity, structure and performance of crystals."


text:
P4_3 Total Free Fall
This paper analyses the logistics of The Fall, a fictional elevator through the Earth in the 2012 film Total Recall. In the film, it is claimed that the elevator can make its journey in 17 minutes by free falling through the centre of the planet. By modelling the actual free fall of an object in a vacuum through the Earth, it is shown that this trip would in fact take over 42 minutes. Drag forces were then considered, showing that without an external force The Fall would enter damped harmonic motion and would never reach its destination.


text:
This paper assesses local biodiversity monitoring methods practiced in the Tonle Sap Lake of Cambodia. For the assessment we used the following criteria: methodological rigor, perceived cost, ease of use (user friendliness), compatibility with existing activities, and effectiveness of intervention. Constraints and opportunities for execution of the methods were also considered. Information was collected by use of: (1) key informant interview, (2) focus group discussion, and (3) researcher's observation. The monitoring methods for fish, birds, reptiles, mammals and vegetation practiced in the research area have their unique characteristics of generating data on biodiversity and biological resources. Most of the methods, however, serve the purpose of monitoring biological resources rather than biodiversity. There is potential that the information gained through local monitoring methods can provide input for long-term management and strategic planning. In order to realize this potential, the local monitoring methods should be better integrated with each other, adjusted to existing norms and regulations, and institutionalized within community-based organization structures.
Authors: Seak, S.; Schmidt-Vogt, D.; Thapa, G B.
Subjects: biodiversity, conservation areas, mammals, monitoring
Publication type: ISI, Journal Article, Publication


text:
|Cemetery notes and/or description:|
Grafton, Utah is a ghost town located in Washington County alongside the Virgin River, outside the canyon mouth of Zion National Park.
This area of Utah was called "Dixie" by early Mormon pioneers, who settled the St. George area soon after immigration to the west (the St. George LDS temple was completed before the Salt Lake City temple). The pioneers hoped to raise cotton in the valley of the Virgin River, plus other vital warm weather crops essential in the rugged and isolated intermountain region, an area they called "Deseret."
Efforts to grow cotton failed, leaving many ghost towns on the river above St. George. More successful were logging operations in the high country above Zion Canyon. Timber from this source was used to build the early city of St. George, along with the prominent. Ruins of early pioneer cable works built to lower timber down into the canyon can still be seen from the canyon floor today. The Dixie National Forest is a legacy which survives today.
The remaining buildings of the Grafton ghost town are a mix of authentic pioneer era structures and modern-built "period" movie sets constructed for the 1969 classic "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid," starring Paul Newman and Robert Redford. These buildings are clearly recognizable to fans of the movie. All are located on private property, and trespassing will likely bring a quick visit from a Washington County Sheriff's deputy.
The Grafton Cemetery is an actual historic pioneer burial ground, and is open to the public. Located on a spur off the approach road leading to Grafton, the cemetery is tucked on high ground away from the river. Evidence of the early Mormon past is abundant within the cemetery, with graves of plural wives. Because this community failed during the pioneer era, burials at the Grafton Cemetery largely ceased before polygamy was banned within the LDS church in 1890. As a result, the Grafton Cemetery shows clear evidence of plural marriage without being obfuscated by ongoing burials in the modern era.
Another legacy of the Old West evident in Grafton Cemetery is deaths due to Indian attacks. Besides multiple graves of pioneer men identified as killed in specific incidents, the SE corner of the cemetery was reserved for burial of Native Americans who were killed in the same battles. The pioneers duly buried and marked the graves of these nameless warriors.
(text by D. Grizzle)


text:
How Much Does Calcium Chloride Cost?
Calcium Chloride is a salt of calcium and chlorine. This chemical compound often includes brine and is used for refrigerating plants; ice and dust control on roads; and desiccation. Calcium chloride is hygroscopic in nature and should be kept in tightly sealed air tight containers.
As a desiccant, calcium chloride is used to absorb moisture mainly on the road since it is thrown on the road which makes it hold the dust down. This chemical compound is often sold in bags in various amounts. This is one of the factors being considered for the price of it. Other factors that affect the price are the types of calcium chloride as it can be used in a number of ways.
How much is it?
- A pallet of calcium chloride can cost anywhere from $550 to $650, while a single bag can run anywhere from $12 to $25. Ice melter that is designed to melt the snow and ice in the winter months can cost $10 to $18 per 5 to 10 pound container.
- Calcium chloride used in the food industry is usually sold in bottle. Food grade calcium chloride is water soluble and is used in food preparation, such as in the process to obtain firmness of certain vegetables. A 500g bottle can cost anywhere between $18 and $24.
- Calcium Chloride is also sold in a pellet form, which is stored in buckets. This product is sold for $30 to $55 per 50 pound bucket. For example, the PELADOW brand sells a 50 pound bucket for $30 to $40. The chloride that commonly comes in pellet form can be a great solution for icy driveways as well as melting snow.
What are the extra costs?
- If you're going to be using the product to thaw or melt ice, you'll need to spread it evenly; this is where a hand held spreader may come in handy. This device can cost anywhere from $14 to $26, depending on the size.
What is going to be included?
- Calcium chloride comes packaged either in a clear container or a bag. Ice melter containers may have a cap that can act as a spreader to make it easier.
How can I save money?
- Calcium chloride is not an everyday household item. Purchase an appropriate amount every time you need it and save any remaining product after use. A good time to get a discount is after the winter season as many retailers are trying to get rid of their overstock.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
In Java instance variables can be initialized by an initialization block as shown below:
class Example {
 private int varOne;
 private int varTwo;
 // Instance Initializer
 varOne = 42;
 varTwo = 256;
Is there an equivalent construct in C#?
[Edit] I know that this can be inline with the instance variable declaration. However, I am looking for is something similar to the static constructor in C# but for instance variables.
share|improve this question
Point of pedantry: instance initialiser blocks and instance field initialisation are executed by the constructor immediately after calling super. – Tom Hawtin - tackline Mar 28 '09 at 13:05
_USER_ - You are right about the calling order. The source code comment is removed. – maxyfc Mar 28 '09 at 13:16
Why not just make it a method and call it from the constructor, if that is what happening behind the scene anyway? – toxvaerd Mar 28 '09 at 13:19
_USER_ - Sometimes we can't create constructors (e.g. anonymous class in Java). But, I think you can use different constructs like delegates in C# to do what anonymous classes are used for in Java (e.g. GUI event handlers). Just wondering if there is an equivalent construct. – maxyfc Mar 28 '09 at 13:35
add comment
2 Answers
up vote 5 down vote accepted
There really is no equivalent in C#. C# has only 2 ways to initialize instance varibles
 1. In the constructor
 2. By explicitly initializing the variable at it's declaration point
There is no way to do an initialization after the object is created but before the constructor runs.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Create an instance constructor that any other local constructor will call in the initialization list:
private Example ()
 //initialize all fields here
public Example (/*list of parameters*/) : this()
 //do specific work here
If the default constructor is already required by the logic of the application, then susbstitute
private Example ()
private Example (object dummy)
and, of course, accordingly modify the initilization call.
share|improve this answer
unfortunately that doesn't let you have multiple instance initializer blocks... but for the common case would be reasonable. – TofuBeer Mar 28 '09 at 16:34
Curious - what is TofuBeer? and also, why would you want multiple instance initializer blocks? For the latter - it seems it would lead to confusion with blocks scattered throughout the class code, separate from constructors and separate from the member decls. – Cheeso Mar 28 '09 at 22:26
a concrerte example - there is a private readonly field I need to initialize based on some class methods that are unavailable at the static initialization. – Roland Tepp Feb 10 '11 at 8:59
In Java (static/instance) initialization block is usually (!) used in conjunction with static/instance variables that need some sort of special initialization incantation. Using initializer blocks allows you to keep the initialization code close to the fields being initialized this way, thus lessening the cognitive distance between declaring something and setting up it's value. It's not perfect, but sometimes necessary – Roland Tepp Feb 10 '11 at 9:03
add comment
Your Answer


text:
PAN - Polish Academy of Sciences
Polska Akademia Nauk
The Polish Academy of Sciences is a state scientific institution founded in 1952. From the very beginning, it has functioned as society acting through an elected corporation of top scholars and research organisations, via its numerous scientific establishments. It has also become a major scientific advisory body through its scientific committees. The activities of the Academy in its present form are regulated by the Parliamentary Act of April 25, 1997.
The bi-lateral scientific cooperation is based on 76 agreements. PAN is the member of about 100 international organisations. Partner from the ASEAN members is Vietnam - relations are based on the Agreement on scientific cooperation between the PAN and the VietnameseAcademy of Science and Technology signed in 1995 and the Agreement on scientific cooperation between the PAN and the VietnameseAcademy of Social Sciences and Humanities signed in 1996. Main scientific areas are: oceanology, hydro-engineering, geology, botany.
Budgetary resources are provided for in the part of the budget under heading "the PolishAcademy of Sciences". The principles of administration of these resources are regulated by the budgetary law. Financial resources of Academy's research centres are channelled by the Ministry of Education and Science (statutory funding, grants, etc.). International cooperation priorities: increasing of collaboration with regions (i.e. Visegrad Group), increasing of collaboration with specific countries, development/adoption of new technologies, strengthening national capacity in specific fields of research, targeting young researchers, increasing the exchange of scientists, bi-lateral agreements, multi-lateral agreements.
The main activities of the organisation: research activities (institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences), presentation of opinions and programmes concerned with science and the practical application of its results, international scientific cooperation effected through membership in international scientific organisations and cooperation with foreign scientific institutions, concluding agreements on scientific cooperation with foreign and international organisations and institutions, education on different levels, cooperation with other scientific institutions and higher education institutions and with science societies, issuing opinions on drafts of legal acts concerning science, its application and education.


text:
The first model of the Sinclair ZX Spectrum Personal Compute was introduced in 1982 by Sinclair Research Limited and priced at 279 DM in 1986. It is quite small without its own monitor. It can work alone, but surely you won't know what it is doing. It can be connected to a TV set and cassette recorder. As its name implies the ZX Spectrum produces a colour output video signal. It contains a CPU, 48K RAM, ROM (read only memory) and an ULA (uncommitted logic array) chip.
Its keyboard is quite similar to a standard typewriter's one but each key can perform more than one function. All information stored in its memory is lost when it is switched off. One way of keeping the information for later use is by recording it on a cassette tape which serves as a floppy disk. Presented by K. Lanyi Scott to the Computer Center of Humboldt University, Berlin
Mrs. Lanyi got this first computer of hers from her parents as a gift in 1986. Using it she started learning BASIC. In 1998 when she got her position at the Computer Center much better personal computer had been created and become popular. It was preserved quite well and carefully kept along with two computing course manuals, a useful "Tipps and Tricks " guide and instructions for programming.