text:
Does it snow in Lake Tahoe?
Does it snow in Lake Tahoe? The answer is a resounding yes! Although, we know: you want to know more than that.
Considered one of the oldest natural lakes in the U.S and the entire world, Lake Tahoe, located on the border between the states of California and Nevada, offers some of the most enchanting natural landscapes and views in the entire United States, not only because of the beauty of the lake itself but also because of the mountainous panorama that surrounds it.
Likewise, Lake Tahoe offers all kinds of recreation to its tourist, from winter sports like skiing to summer sports like mountain biking and hiking. You can even enjoy floating casinos and cruises throughout its more than 190 square miles of extension!
In short, there's never an inadequate time to visit Lake Tahoe. Although certainly, you will only be able to enjoy the ski resorts and snowy landscapes of the Sierra Nevada mountains during the winter.
In other words, if you consider yourself a lover of landscapes and snow sports, winter is undoubtedly the ideal season to visit Lake Tahoe.
Snow in Lake Tahoe? ❄
According to the Köppen climate classification, Lake Tahoe exhibits a dry-summer continental climate (Dsb) throughout its 191 square miles, which is not surprising given its location (Sierra Nevada) and considerable elevation (6225 ft.)
In this sense, snowfall is not a strange meteorological phenomenon in Lake Tahoe. Indeed, most of the precipitation of Lake Tahoe falls in the form of snow, especially between November and April.
In short, Lake Tahoe is an exceptionally snowy region, primarily due to its elevation and location. Such is the influence of these meteorological factors that it is possible to record snowfall almost all year round in Lake Tahoe.
Oddly enough, July and August are the only months in which snowfall has not been recorded.
The climate of Lake Tahoe ⛅
TAHOE CITY WEATHER
As mentioned in the previous section, Lake Tahoe has a dry-summer continental climate (Dsb). In other words, its summers are hot and dry, with precipitation of less than an inch of accumulation on average, and its winters are cold, with moderate and heavy snowfall throughout the season and even part of the fall and spring.
Despite experiencing truly-dry summers, the average annual rainfall of Lake Tahoe is remarkably high, ranging from 55 inches on the west side of the basin to 26 inches on the opposite end.
Noteworthy, Lake Tahoe's precipitation principally falls as snow, so its accumulation is overwhelming and dangerous. Indeed, the snowfalls can cause significant flooding in the region after their melting, which usually occurs between the end of spring and the beginning of summer.
As far as Lake Tahoe temperatures are concerned, January is the coldest month in the region, with an average temperature of 41.0 °F and an average low of 15.1 °F; while July is the hottest and driest month of all, with an average temperature between 77.9°F and 44.4°F and an average rainfall of 0.26 inches.
Summer weather characteristics
- Highest record temperature: 99 °F /37.2 °C (July 22, 1988.)
- Average high: 92.5 °F (33.6 °C).
- Average low: 73.4 °F (23 °C).
- Average precipitation per summer month: 0.4 inches (1 cm).
Winter weather characteristics
- Lowest record temperature: -16 °F / -26.6 °C (December 9, 1972.)
- Average high: 40.8 °F (4.8 °C).
- Average low: 20.65 °F (-6.3 °C).
- Average precipitation per winter month: 5.232 inches (13.2 cm).
- Average snowfall per winter month: 38.2 inches (97 cm).
Precipitation and other weather characteristics
- Range average annual precipitation: 55 - 26 inches (139.7 - 66.04 cm).
- Average annual snowfall: 190.7 inches (484.3 cm).
- Average frost per year (days): 231 - 232.
When does it snow in Lake Tahoe? 🌨
Does it snow in Lake Tahoe in September?
Yes, it might snow in September. However, the chances of seeing a snowfall are minimal. Indeed, if it did happen, it would hardly be measurable.
Does it snow in Lake Tahoe in October?
Yes, it does! Compared to September, the snowfall increases in intensity and frequency considerably during this month, easily exceeding two inches of accumulation on average.
Does it snow in Lake Tahoe in November?
Yes, it does! Oddly enough, snow accumulation levels exceed fifteen inches on average in November, which means an increase of more than 600% compared to the previous month.
Does it snow in Lake Tahoe in December?
Yes, it does! Once winter begins, the snowfalls start to get heavier in Lake Tahoe, doubling its accumulation compared to the previous month, which is truly remarkable, considering that the snowpack levels of November already exceeded fifteen inches on average.
One of the most impressive White Christmases in Lake Tahoe in recent years has undoubtedly been the one that occurred in 2010. Although there were no detailed records of it, it was intense enough to leave a considerable layer of snow on the banks of the lake during Christmas.
Does it snow in Lake Tahoe in January?
Yes, it does! January is by far the snowiest month on the lake. On average, about 45.9 inches of snow accumulation is expected in Lake Tahoe this month.
Does it snow in Lake Tahoe in February?
Yes, it does! Although compared to the previous month, snowfall decreases considerably in February; these continue to be even higher than the levels usually recorded in December.
Does it snow in Lake Tahoe in March?
Yes, it does! Despite the arrival of spring, snowfall continues to register in Lake Tahoe. Oddly enough, the accumulation levels exhibited during this month are the same as those of December (35.9.)
Does it snow in Lake Tahoe in April?
Yes, it does! As of this month, the snowfall is starting to get lighter. However, these snowfalls continue to be heavier than the snowfall recorded in any average city in the eastern United States.
Does it snow in Lake Tahoe in May?
Yes, it does! Despite being considered a spring month, Lake Tahoe continues to receive moderate snowfall in May.
Does it snow in Lake Tahoe in June?
Yes, it does! Although, hopefully, this summer snowfall will hardly be measurable.
How much does it snow in Lake Tahoe? 🌨
Next, we present an informative table on different climatological parameters of Lake Tahoe, which includes the average snowfall per month expressed in inches:
|Average low (°F)||19.1||19.9||22.8||26.9||32.8||38.6||44.4||43.7||39.0||32.3||25.8||20.8||30.5|
|Record low (°F)||−14||−15||−6||5||9||24||22||28||21||9||1||−16||−16|
|Average precipitation (inches)||5.97||5.29||4.12||2.14||1.20||0.65||0.26||0.30||0.59||1.82||3.57||5.55||31.47|
|Average snowfall inches (cm)||45.9||36.5||35.2||15.9||3.7||0.2||0||0||0.3||2.4||15.5||35.2||190.7|
The above data comes from climatic data provided by The Western Regional Climate Center.
Related post → Does it snow in United States of America? | Does it snow in California? | Does it snow in Nevada?
Source → WeatherSpark.


text:
Central statue of the Leonidas monument at ThermopylaeA monument to Leonidas was erected at Thermopylae by king Paul of Greece
in 1955. It features a bronze statue of Leonidas. A sign, under the statue, reads simply: "ΜΟΛΩΝ ΛΑΒΕ
" ("Come and get them!") which the Spartans said when the Persians asked them to put down their weapons at the start of the Battle of Thermopylae.
Another statue, also with the inscription ΜΟΛΩΝ ΛΑΒΕ, was erected at Sparta
was the name of an Epic poem written by Richard Glover, which originally appeared in 1737. It went on to appear in four other editions, being expanded from 9 books to 12.Frank Miller
's 1998 comic book 300
, presents a fictionalized version of Leonidas and the Battle of Thermopylae, as does the 2007 feature film adapted from it
Helena P. Schrader has produced a three-part biographical novel on Leonidas. Leonidas of Sparta: A Boy of the Agoge
, Wheatmark, Tucson, 2010 ISBN 978-1-60494-474-7 Leonidas of Sparta: A Peerless Peer
, Wheatmark, Tucson, 2011, ISBN 978-1-60494-602-4
and "Leonidas of Sparta: A Heroic King" (scheduled for publication 2012).

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Oracle 11g – Virtual Columns – to publish derived column values without storing them. And more…
Oracle 11g introduces Virtual Columns. "What do we need Virtual Columns for, aren't real ones more useful?" you might wonder. And what are they to begin with?
A virtual column is a construct that looks like a column when you describe or query a table, when you inspect meta-data, when you define indexes and constraints (except for primary key constraints). If it walks and talks like a Column, doesn't that mean that it is a column? Well, normal columns actually store values. Virtual Columns do not! All they store is their definition. And when indexed, they have values – their expression evaluated – stored in the index. Note: virtual columns can not be set in insert and update statement – no surprise there!
If you are familiar with the concept of Function Based Indexes, you may have seen something that is very close to the Virtual Column (see _URL_ and especially the section One more thing…) – Virtual Columns seem to be little more than the exposure of the the system generated column for a Function Based Index-es.
Virtual Columns are useful in those situations where values derived from the real column values are frequently required, yet would be a denormalization in the data design when implemented as real column. In the EMP table, this applies for example to INCOME (the sum of SAL and COMM), HIREYEAR (the year component of the HIREDATE). Using Virtual Columns will reduce the need for Views to provide derived column values.
Jonathan Lewis (_URL_ ) suggests another good use for Virtual Columns: so we could have the benefit of correct statistics for commonly used expressions without the need to create the index. [ One of the commonest root causes of errors in the calculations made by the Cost Based Optimizer is the use of incorrect data types (e.g. dates stored as numbers). In the past I have occasionally been able to work around such problems by creating "function-based indexes" - which I prefer to call "indexes involving virtual columns".
But if you don't really need (or want) to create new indexes it's a nasty maintenance overhead simply to get improved statistics. With a little luck the 11g implementation will allow us to add virtual columns to existing 3rd party tables in a way that doesn't affect any bad code in the application but allows predicates involving functions to be rewritten by the optimizer as predicates against virtual columns.]
You can use all columns (but not virtual columns) in the table on which the Virtual Column is defined. You can include function calls in the Virtual Column definition, either standard SQL functions or deterministic user defined functions. You can build an index – and therefore also a Unique Constraint – on Virtual Columns.
The easiest example around:
alter table emp ADD (income AS (sal + nvl(comm,0))) /
Here we add a new column INCOME to the EMP table, specifying it as a VIRTUAL COLUMN through the use of AS (column expression).
This column is henceforth available in USER_TAB_COLUMNS, DESC EMP and all queries against EMP.
SQL> desc emp Name Type ------------------------------- EMPNO NUMBER(4) ENAME VARCHAR2(10) JOB VARCHAR2(9) MGR NUMBER(4) HIREDATE DATE SAL NUMBER(7,2) COMM NUMBER(7,2) DEPTNO NUMBER(2) INCOME NUMBER SQL> select empno 2, ename 3, sal 4, comm 5, income 6 from emp 7 / EMPNO ENAME SAL COMM INCOME ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 7369 SMITH _PHONE_ ALLEN _PHONE_ 7521 WARD _PHONE_ 7566 JONES 2975 2975 7654 MARTIN _PHONE_ 2650 7698 BLAKE 2850 2850 7782 CLARK 2450 2450 7839 KING 5000 5000 7844 TURNER 1500 0 _PHONE_ ADAMS _PHONE_ 7900 JAMES _PHONE_ MILLER _PHONE_ 7788 SCOTT 3750 3750 7902 FORD 3000 3000 14 rows selected.
Updating the salary column automatically'refreshes' the Virtual Column. Well, querying the Virtual Column after the update renders a freshly calculated result:
SQL> update emp 2 set sal = sal * 1.25 3 where ename = 'MARTIN' 4 / 1 row updated. SQL> SQL> select empno 2, ename 3, sal 4, comm 5, income 6 from emp 7 where ename = 'MARTIN' 8 / EMPNO ENAME SAL COMM INCOME ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 7654 MARTIN 1562.5 _PHONE_.5 1 row selected.
Virtual Columns and Constraints
Perhaps somewhat surprising, Virtual Columns can be used in Check Constraints (Foreign Keys – like Unique and Primary Keys – are also supported.). See here an example:
alter table emp add constraint emp_income_ck check ( income < 8000) / update emp set sal = sal * 2 / update emp * ERROR at line 1: ORA-02290: check constraint (SCOTT.EMP_INCOME_CK) violated
This Check Constraint is enforced whenever INCOME is changed – which is never. Or at least, never directly. However, indirectly is INCOME changed whenever any of the columns in the INCOME Virtual Column Expression changes – SAL and COMM – and for any of those columns, changes will trigger validation of the Check Constraint.
Being able to use a Virtual Column in a Check Constraint means that indirectly we can use user defined functions in Check Constraints! Something check constraints themselves do not allow.
alter table emp ADD (sal_ck AS (income_check(deptno,sal))) / alter table emp add constraint emp_sal_ck check ( sal_ck = 'Y') / prompt this check constraint is almost: income_check(sal, deptno) ='Y', written in a round about way
However, this function is somewhat restricted: the function must be deterministic and it cannot select from table EMP – as it will run into the Mutating Table problem. I thought to resolve that issue by turning the constraint into a deferred one – one that is enforced only at commit time, when the statement is complete and the table is no longer mutating. However, for some reason that does not seem to work. What does work is adding a PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION to the function definition. Unfortunately, that means that function cannot see the changes made in the transaction that triggers the check constraint.
rem even deferred check constraints on virtual columns will immediately call the user defined function alter table emp add constraint emp_sal_ck check ( sal_ck = 'Y') INITIALLY DEFERRED DEFERRABLE / update emp set sal = 7000 where sal = 5000 / SQL> update emp set sal = sal+1 2 / update emp set sal = sal+1 * ERROR at line 1: ORA-04091: table SCOTT.EMP is mutating, trigger/function may not see it ORA-06512: at "SCOTT.INCOME_CHECK", line 10
Foreign Key on Virtual Column
Suppose we have a reorganization of the DEPT table: Departments 10-25 are in one table – DEPT_US – and other Departments are in table DEPT_ROTW. This means that we can no longer define a Foreign Key on DEPTNO. However, we can create virtual columns DEPTNO_US and DEPTNO_ROTW like this: case when deptno<= 30 then deptno end and case when deptno> 30 then deptno end and then define foreign keys to DEPT_US and DEPTNO_ROTW on those two virtual columns. I know, it is an odd scenario, but one easily pictured and therefore helpful to illustrate the concept.
create table dept_us as select * from dept where deptno<25 / alter table dept_us add constraint dept_us_pk primary key (deptno) / create table dept_rotw as select * from dept where deptno>25 / alter table dept_rotw add constraint dept_rotw_pk primary key (deptno) / alter table emp add (deptno_us as (case when deptno<25 then deptno end)) / alter table emp add (deptno_rotw as (case when deptno>25 then deptno end)) / alter table emp add constraint emp_deptno_us_fk foreign key (deptno_us) references dept_us (deptno) / alter table emp add constraint emp_deptno_rotw_fk foreign key (deptno_rotw) references dept_rotw (deptno) / update emp set deptno = 40 where deptno = 20 / delete from dept_rotw where deptno = 40 /
Another far fetched example is the implementation of a business rule that states: we do not want to hire employees in years that we not already have people hired in. One wonders how you can hire people in the past, but it is just an example of what foreign keys on virtual columns can be used for.
First we create a Materialized View with the values of years in which we have hired employees. Then we define a Unique Key – referencable by a foreign key – on this Materialized View. Then we define a Virtual Column HIREYEAR on Table EMP


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Main Entry: thau·ma·turg
Etymology: French, from New Latin thaumaturgus, from Greek thaumatourgos working miracles, from thaumat-, thauma miracle + ergon work — more at Theater, Work
The official blog of the Dramaturgy Department at Baltimore's CENTERSTAGE. For posts related to our current and upcoming shows, click the links to the right. Alternatively, you could begin at the beginning, and explore our posts in chronological order.
By Vivian Vande Velde
If the coach turned back into a pumpkin
And the coachman into a rat
And the footmen into mice,
One can only wonder
Why the glass slippers alone remained untouched by magic's ebbing tide.
Obviously a set-up.
But by whom?
The fairy godmother's ability
Didn't extend beyond midnight.
And where would a cinder girl
Have ever gotten shoes like that?
Could they possibly have been a secret gift
From the stepmother,
Eager to get her out of the house,
Tired of her unrelenting goodness,
(not to mention all that singing)?
If the shoe fits, wear it
Meaning: If a description applies to you, then accept it. This expression is often used when something derogatory is said about a person who then complains to a third party. The third party, if they agree with the original negative comment, might suggest "If the shoe fits, then wear it". An example of that might be:
Jack: Just because I've missed two or three sessions, my fitness trainer says I lack motivation.
Jill: Well, if the shoe fits, wear it.
Origin: 'If the shoe fits, wear it' is often shortened to 'If the shoe fits…', leaving the listener to fill in the blank. The expression is the American version of the earlier British phrase 'If the cap fits, wear it', which is also still in general use. Daniel Defoe used the earlier phrase in the satirical poem The Dyet of Poland. Defoe had the work printed in London in 1705 but, as it was a rather vehement critique of the English parliament, Defoe used the flimsy pretence that it had been printed in Danzig and was the work of 'Angliopoloski of Lithuania'. Defoe's point in the poem was that readers are responsible for their own opinions; he (or rather Angliopoloski) may have written the poem but that any conclusions drawn from it were owned by the reader, not him:
"Gentlemen, and if the Cap fits any Body let 'em wear it."
'If the cap fits' is itself a version of a yet earlier phrase 'if the cloak sitteth fit', that is, 'if the cloak fits well'. This expression dates from the 16th century and was used in print by Richard Hooker in Of the Lawes of Ecclesiasticall Politie, 1593:
Which cloake sitteth no lesse fit on the backe of their cause, then of the Anabaptists.
The 'cloak' version of the phrase does suggest that the later 'cap' was a variant of 'cape'.
As to 'if the shoe fits', that began being used in the late 18th Century. The earliest example … in print is from the US newspaper the New York Gazette & Weekly Mercury, May 1773:
Why should Mr. Vanderbeck apply a general comparison to himself? Let those whom the shoe fits wear it.
The change from cap to shoe may well have been influenced by the Cinderella story, which has a snug-fitting slipper as the primary plot device. Versions of the tale that include the 'lost slipper' scenario were well known in the USA and Europe by 1773. In 1634, Giambattista Basile, published Il Pentamerone, a popular collection of Italian folk tales. One of the stories, Cenerentola, is the basis of the Cinderella story as we now know it, complete with wicked stepmother, ugly sisters and a missing slipper.
Many expressions, for example, 'toe the line', 'get off your high horse' etc., were first used literally and their metaphorical meaning came later. 'If the shoe fits' is a rarity in that it has gone the other way - having been used for centuries in a figurative sense, its most common usage now is in shoe shop advertising slogans.


Saving Data between two Scenes in Unity
Objective: Store the difficulty info(int variable) on the Main Menu and pass it to the Game scene.
Selecting the difficulty on the Main Menu
Requisites: Two scenes and a mechanism to store the difficulty info, in this case pressing a button will make the job. C# fundamentals and Unity PlayerPrefs.
You might be wondering, what is PlayerPrefs? PlayerPrefs is a Unity class that stores Player preferences between game sessions. It can store string, float and integer values into the user's platform registry.
This sounds very complicated but in a practical way, it allows us to carry on some data between the scenes.
In our main menu script on the menu scene, let's say that easy is 0 and hard is 1. We want to store and update the value on the PlayerPrefs when we click on the HARD and EASY button.
We define our int difficulty variable public just for testing purposes
In the Main Menu script, we have one function for each button, let's check the EasyButton PlayerPrefs implementation.
PlayerPrefs implementation on the EasyButton
If we go to the PlayerPrefs definition, we find that every method is static, that will allows us to save the info safely because the stored info will belong to the class and not to the object.
All available static methods from the PlayerPrefs class
What does the PlayerPrefs.SetInt() method we are using says?
Self-explanatory right?
Just in case, we are going to divide it into pieces. This function takes two parameters, a string key and an int value. The string key is the name we are giving to the stored data -> "Difficulty". The int value is the value the difficulty variable is storing depending on what button is pressed.
Now that we know how to store info succesfully in the PlayerPrefs registry, we are done with the Menu scene and we need to retrieve this information like the image above says. PlayerPrefs.GetInt() is the chosen one.
Right into the Game scene, in our GameManager let's define a public difficulty variable that will store the PlayerPrefs info we are going to retrieve.
PlayerPrefs.GetInt() will retrieve the information allocated in the "Difficulty" string and will be stored in the int difficulty variable that can be accessed by any other class.
In our game, we have a SpawnManager class that handles the times between waves, enemies, etc…
Here is a practical use. If difficulty is 0(easy) enemies will have their automatic spawning rate, but if it is 1(hard) it will change drastically the game
And that would be it for this tutorial, instead of retrieving the info once using PlayerPrefs.GetInt() in our GameManager, you can do it directly in any class, that's just how you want to architecture your game.
Passionate Unity developer always looking for new challenges!
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text:
Results of the 2007/8 Hong Kong Sustainable Development Index Survey (HKSDI Survey) produced by City University of Hong Kong (CityU) in conjunction with the Canadian Chamber of Commerce in Hong Kong were released on 20 November.
The findings of the survey reveal that environmental protection ranks alongside the education system as Hong Kong's top sustainable development priority. Among the issues of top concern are clean air, quality of teaching and the related issue of student-teacher ratio.
Launched in 2003, the Hong Kong Sustainable Development Index measures progress on 10 key economic, environmental and social priorities that have been identified as important for furthering the territory's sustainable development.
For 2007/8, the Index rose to a new high of 103.6, compared to 102.6 in 2006 and a baseline of 100 in 2003. The survey results indicate that the general public sees some overall progress being made toward Hong Kong's sustainable development goals.
While the education system has been identified as a top priority in every HKSDI Survey since 2003, the importance placed by the public on environmental protection rose significantly in 2007/8 to rank alongside the education system as a top priority. However, its performance rating fell from fourth in 2003 to ninth in 2007/8, resulting in the largest "satisfaction gap" among the sustainable development priorities tracked by the HKSDI Survey. (Click here for key findings)
"The satisfaction gap in nine of the 10 priorities decreased in 2007/8, resulting in an overall increase in the HKSDI," explained Professor Graeme Lang, convener of the Canadian Chamber of Commerce's Sustainable Development Index sub-committee and Head of CityU's Department of Asian and International Studies. The Index is, however, anticipated to decrease as a result of the deteriorating economy.
"Pursuing a sustainable quality of life should be the central objective of every society, but it is difficult to get a clear picture of where improvement is needed most unless you measure public perception of the issues," said Dr Geoffrey Tso Kwok-fai, Associate Professor, Department of Management Sciences of CityU. "Our survey is unique in providing a large-scale measure of public perception of the top priorities for sustainable development in Asia's world city. We randomly selected more than 2,000 Cantonese-speaking adults – forming a representative sample of the Hong Kong community – and interviewed them each for at least 20 minutes to generate this year's findings."
"These results enable us to assess the importance the community attaches to multiple facets of sustainable development and to track perceived progress in managing these areas, especially when viewed as a five-year series," said Professor Lang.


text:
IDEA – your idea for an Indoor Growing project is discussed with Light4Food and from here, the first steps are made.
PROGRAM OF REQUIREMENTS – the requirements of the realization of your idea will be determined jointly. From the possibilities of cultivation to the economic viability of your business case, and from the technical requirements of the system to the logistic processes. Your idea will be discussed from the first tests to realization of the end project.
START OF RESEARCH – the program of requirements is tested on the economic viability, technical- and cultivation possibilities. This can be done in an existing Light4Food test facility or in a new developed facility for the client.
ENGINEERING – the engineering is set up based on the program of requirements and the outcome of the research. This engineering can exist of, amongst others, the construction, the cultivation system, the climate control, the automation, the machines, the logistics, the LED lightingsystem, the measuring system and the software.
REALIZATION – the endsystem is built and delivered.
START UP SUPPORT – the facility is going to be used by the client. The client will be trained by Light4Food to use the systems. We guide the client in technical and cultivation aspects to start up the facility.
MAINTENANCE AND CULTIVATION GUIDANCE – technical maintenance and monitoring of our project, and cultivation guidance to jointly achieve the optimum result and keep innovating.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Mathematical Tool of Quantum Mechanics | Quantum Science Philippines
Quantum Science Philippines
Mathematical Tool of Quantum Mechanics

Problem:
Consider the set of all entities of the form (a, b, c) where the entries are real numbers. Addition and scalar multiplication are defined as follows:
\begin{array}{ccc} (a, b, c) + (d, e, f) &=& (a+d, b+e, c+f)\\ a(a, b, c) &=& (aa, ab,ac) \end{array}
i.) Write down the null vector and inverse of (a, b, c).
ii.) Show that vectors of the form (a, b, 1) do not form a vector space.

Solution:
i.) Let (x, y, z) be the null vector of (a, b, c), such that
(a, b, c) + (x, y, z) = (a, b, c)
Then as defined,
(a+x, b+y, c+z) = (a, b, c)
and by comparison,
\begin{array}{ccc} a+x &=& a \\ b+y &=& b \\ c+z &=& c \end{array}
If we are to solve these equations for the values of x, y and z, we could get
\begin{array}{ccc} x &=& 0 \\ y &=& 0 \\ z &=& 0 \end{array}.
Therefore, the null vector is given as
\mathbf{(x, y, z)} = \mathbf{(0, 0, 0)}.

Now, we let the inverse of (a, b, c) be (\alpha, \beta, \gamma), such that following the definition of an inverse vector we have
(a, b, c) + ( \alpha , \beta , \gamma) = (0, 0, 0)
( a + \alpha , b + \beta , c+ \gamma ) = (0, 0, 0)
Following the same process as before, if we compare we can obtain
\begin{array}{ccc} a+\alpha &=& 0 \\ b+\beta &=& 0 \\ c+\gamma &=& 0 \end{array}
Solving for \alpha, \beta and \gamma,
\begin{array}{ccc} \alpha &=& -a \\ \beta &=& -b \\ \gamma &=& -c \end{array}.
Therefore, the inverse vector of (a, b, c) is
\mathbf{( \alpha, \beta, \gamma )} = \mathbf{( -a, -b, -c)}.

ii.) The vector (a, b, 1) do not form a vector space because:
a.) it violates the closure under addition,
\begin{array}{ccc} ( a, b, 1) + ( c, d, 1) &=& ( a+c, b+d, 1+1) \\ &=& \mathbf{( a+c, b+d, 2) \not\in (a,b, 1)} \end{array}.
 b.) it violates the closure under scalar multiplication,
\lambda (a, b, 1) = \mathbf{( \lambda a, \lambda b, \lambda ) \not\in ( a, b, 1)}.
 c.) there is NO null vector
(0, 0, 0) \not\in (a, b, 1)
 d. an additive inverse does not exist
( -a, -b, -1) \not\in (a, b, 1).

By: Joshua J. Ordeniza, MS Physics Student, MSU-IIT

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text:
Music of Ethiopia
The music of Ethiopia is extremely diverse, with each of the country's 80 ethnic groups being associated with unique sounds. Ethiopian music uses a distinct modal system that is pentatonic, with characteristically long intervals between some notes. As with many other aspects of Ethiopian culture and tradition, tastes in music and lyrics are strongly linked with those in neighboring Eritrea, Somalia, Djibouti and Sudan. Traditional singing in Ethiopia presents diverse styles of polyphony (heterophony, drone, imitation, counterpoint).


text:
From Rob Collins:
The name [quire] comes from Medieval Latin quaternus "a set of four" which
became quaier in Old French and quire in English.
I assume you could add Spanish
cuaderno [notebook] to the list of quaternus
From Steve Whitelaw:
About 40 days. I recall reading, although I have forgotten the source, that
the ancient scrolls contained a word that meant something like "quite a while", which in translation became "40 days", and that explains why so many
events in Biblical times lasted for 40 days, or "40 days and 40 nights." Any
information on that?
We checked for occurrences of 40 days in the Old Testament and the
New Testament. The corresponding Hebrew word in the Old Testament was 'arba'iym,
and the corresponding Greek word in the New Testament was tessarakonta.
Both of these mean "forty". If there are any Hebrew or Greek
scholars out there who are aware of different nuances to these words, do let
About "Old Dart". This is just wild speculation of the worst kind, but is
there any chance that the reference was to Dartmoor, the infamous English prison? If it was in existence at that time, many of those sent to Australia
many have been in Dartmoor.
This connection is discounted by every etymologist
who discusses the term Old Dart.
Great site. First thing I look at on Monday morning. Cheers me right up.
From Anson Young:
No quarter: I didn't see this sense of
quarter (meaning'sparing the lives of surrendering enemies') in you recent discussion of
Well we did consider including
this but decided against it because the derivation of that
particular meaning is rather obscure and we do like to be sure of ourselves.
(Well, the site is called Take Our Word For It). One suggestion is that it arose
from the notion of "giving quarter" or quarters, to
prisoners. If a prisoner is to be put to death, he isn't given a place
to stay for any length of time. This sense arose in the early 17th
From Bruce Yanoshek:
In this week's issue, you called the possessive
its irregular. If it were a noun, its possessive form would be irregular, but no apostrophe is regular for possessive pronouns.
You are correct in that it is not irregular with
regard to other pronouns. Please forgive our lapse from perfection - we'll go
back and change it.
From Greg Umberson:
Just wanted to make a small comment on the story behind
tragedy. You say that "the original Greek word was tragodia which seems to be formed from
tragos, "goat" +ode, "song" but there is little agreement on why this should be so." I thought some of your readers might be interested to know one theory mentioned in a few books about why this should be so. The early Greeks held contests with three plays on a tragic theme, followed by a burlesque play involving a satyr, a mythical creature being part man and part goat. Thus the contest comprised 3 plays followed by a "goat song". Another possible connection between goats and tragedy (are goats inherently more tragic or comic?): a sacrificial goat was often the prize for these early contests.
There's also an interesting connection between tragical goats and
aegis. The original Greek for "goat" was aix/aig (the x
would be pronounced as a "g" in certain derivations). The shield (or cloak) entrusted by Zeus to Athena was supposed to have been covered with (or made of) goatskin and called
aegis (Zeus having been suckled by a she-goat as a baby). So where does the "tr" come from in "tragedy"? Prefix to
aix/aig the Indo-European t(e)r/tor, meaning "rub, gnaw, crush, etc.", to get
tr + ago. Now you have the Greek tragos, meaning a "gnawing goat" or "he-goat" (as opposed to
aix/aig which was used for she-goats).
Thanks again, keep up the good work, and a Happy 4th of July.
We hope you had a good
Independence Day, yourself. As for the tragic goat connection [hmm... good
title for a movie?], that is all quite interesting. We'd like to see
whether the author(s) of these theories are making educated guesses or have
some evidence to back them up. Thanks, Greg.
From Ramona Boersma:
"Almost infinite" means a very large number of unknown extent, but that is not technically infinite (without end). Does "almost without end" bother you? It is effective at getting the point across, and is much more elegant than saying something like "extremely numerous," which lacks the emphasis that "almost infinite" has.
From Felix Hoffman:
Firstly, a comment about almost infinite.
While I agree that this does not make literal sense, it nevertheless represents a valid idea which may be roughly paraphrased as 'no limits need
to be taken into account for present purposes'. Almost unlimited/limitless means much the same thing but appears to be more acceptable. Perhaps we
should think of it as a manner of speaking, like "The sky is the limit". Infinity itself is very much a theoretical concept, something that may be
approximated but never reached. For example, parallel lines are said to meet in infinity (but I'm not on firm territory here).
Secondly, I am a bit miffed about the condescension you show by stating
"For any speakers of English as a second language out there (and any native
English speakers who just don't know), it's is a contraction of "it is", while its is the possessive (albeit irregular) form of it."
By this you insinuate that anyone whose first language is not English has no hope of getting the distinction right.
My claim is that someone who bothers to learn a foreign language in a systematic fashion (at school age or even later in life) is more, not less
likely to know such basic details. I invariably see this error made by people posting on the net (maybe they're
just too lazy to reach for the apostrophe key). Anyway, it is worth remembering that the use of the apostrophe is a mere
typographical convention which serves to distinguish a pair of perfect homophones. The linguistic value of such distinctions is questionable (after
all, you are not likely to confuse it's and its when listening to spoken English).
Of course we were referring to the literal sense
of infinity, but your discussions were nonetheless interesting.
for addressing "speakers of English as a second language" in the
discussion of it's vs. its, we did so because the person
initiating the conversation was a non-native speaker discussing the difficulty
that non-native speakers have with those homophones. We do not believe
that we insinuated to even the slightest degree that non-native speakers have
no hope of getting it right. We simply addressed the speakers of English
as a second (or third or fourth...) language as that is what the writer was
talking about. We agree that some non-native speakers are more likely to
use it's and its correctly than native speakers for the reasons
From Pierre Roberge:
I really enjoy your website, but... Yes, there is a "but", I'm sorry to say.
Today is the First of July, Canada Day; being a proud Canadian, I feel I have to comment on your reply to Ms. Pizzolato (Issue 161, Word to the Wise). You write "Some of them simply hopped across the border into Maine and the rest traveled all the way to the deep south..." That implies that all or most Acadians chose to migrate there. The fact is that they were forcefully expelled from their homes by the British, then deported. The "Acadiens" call it "Le grand dérangement", that is, "The Great Trouble".
Just thought you'd like to know about that shameful bit of British history.
I'll sign off now lest gloom settles in; after all, today should be all about celebrations! So... Vive le Canada!
We apologize if it sounded as
though we were trivializing the move of the Acadians to the U.S. We did
not intend to do so. We have Cajun friends in Louisiana who are proud of
their heritage and communicate their history quite readily (and ably).
Thank you for that clarification.
From Erica Hruby:
To drag out the discussion of now words meaning "later":
I was in South Africa last year, and I recall a similar distinction being drawn locally between now and the near future:
now now means "right now," while just now means "in the near future."
I hope I am recalling this verbiage correctly.
Thanks, Erica. The thought that now has
shifted meaning so much that folk must say now now to make themselves
understood has quite made our day. On the other hand, it has caused us to
wonder why people say now now to soothe a baby.
From Mats Tölöberg:
A small comment on the little Welsh
sentence in the recent edition of Curmudgeon's
Corner: As a multilingual Swede, having studied in Wales but currently living in Luxembourg, I fully agree with Mike that Welsh names are more
beautiful than English ones. In addition it always warms my heart a little


Richard Caley > speech_pm_1.0 > Speech::Festival
Annotate this POD
View/Report Bugs
Speech::Festival - Communicate with a festival server process.
 use Festival;
 $festival = new Festival -host =>'serverhost', -port => 1314;
 conn $festival;
 disconnect $festival;
 request $festival '(some scheme)';
 request $festival '(some scheme)', \&result_handler, $args, $for, $handler;
 if (result_waiting $festival) { # process it }
 wait_for_result $festival, $timeout;
 ($type, $data) = get_result $festival;
This package provides a simple interface to an instance of the festival speech synthesis system running as a server on some machine. If you want a simple speech-ouput module using this interface see Speech::Synthesis.
Since festival can return an unpredictable number of results from a single request, and since it is useful to process them as they arrive, something a little more complex than a simple remote-procedure-call interface is needed.
There are basicly three ways to organise your application's interaction with festival. In the simplest cases you can pass a result handling procedure along with your request. For more control you can process one value at a time by using result_waiting to poll for results or wait for result to block until a result is available.
In any case results consist of a type and some data. The types are
The data is a Scheme expression, for instance a number or a list.
The data is a waveform. what format this is in willbe determined by what you have previously told festival.
All the results for this request have been sent. No data.
Festival has reported an error. No data. Unfortunatly festival doesn't sen any information about the error, so for details you will have to check the server's log.
A single festival session (between calls to conn and disconnect) talks to a single Scheme interpreter in festival, and hence state will be remembered between requests.
$festival = new Festival'serverhost', 1314;
Create a new festival session which will connect to the given host and port. If ommitted these default to localhost and 1314.
conn $festival;
Connect to festival. Returns true if all is well, false otherwise. In the event of an error the variable $speech_error conatains a description of it.
disconnect $festival;
Disconnect from festival. The connection mat be reopened later with conn, but any state will have been lost.
request $festival '(some scheme)';
Send the given Scheme to festival. You should use result_waiting, wait_for_result and get_result to process the results of the request.
Send the given Scheme to festival asking it to call &result_handler on each result returned. The handler is called as:
 result_handler($type, $data, $args, $for, $handler)
if (result_waiting $festival) { # process it }
Look to see if there are any results waiting to be processed. This only guarantees that the start of the result has arrived, so a subsequent call to get_result may not return instantly, but should not block for an extended time.
wait_for_result $festival, $timeout;
Blocks until festival sends a result. Timeout is in seconds, if can be omitted, in which case the call waits for an unbounded time. Returns false if he call timed out, true if there is a request waiting. Again, this only guarantees that a result has started to arrive.
($type, $data) = get_result $festival;
Reads a single result.
The code below does some arithmatic the hard way.
 use Speech::Festival;
 $festival = new Speech::Festival -host => 'festival-server.mynet';
 conn $festival
 || die "can't talk to festival - $speech_error";
 request $festival '(+ 123 456)',
 sub {
 my ($type, $data) = _USER_;
 print "Scheme Result=$data"
 if $type eq $Speech::Festival::SCHEME;
 print "ERROR!\n"
 if $type eq $Speech::Festival::ERROR;
Richard Caley,
Speech::Synthesis, Speech::Festival::Synthesis, perl(1), festival(1), Festival Documentation
syntax highlighting:


text:
The Magic of Money and Banking
This chapter analyzes the banking system in the wizarding world of Harry Potter and compares it to the salient features of the banking system in the Muggle world. The chapter begins with a brief history of money. Although the economies in both the wizarding world and the Muggle world use money, there are striking differences between those worlds on this point. We can only speculate on why these differences exist, but it appears that the wizard concept of money stopped evolving in the Middle Ages, when bankers were really just trusted keepers of valuables. The chapter concludes that although Muggle banking and wizard banking are not the same things, but they share some important characteristics. Apparently, wizards do not manage their money supply the way Muggles do by using the slight of hand of fractional reserve banking to create money out of thin air. Instead, the money supply in the wizard world seems stagnant, creating social problems that emphasize disparities in wealth. Even so, the money that does exist is subject to security measures in both worlds that are designed to instill confidence in the banking system. Perhaps the most interesting aspect of banking in both the magical and the Muggle worlds is the crucial place in the balance of power occupied by those who control the money supply be they the goblins who run Gringotts or the MBAs who run the Federal Reserve. Political power and economic power often go hand in hand. The United States took a long time to adopt a system of central banking and when the Federal Reserve Act was finally passed the structure of the system was intentionally diffuse so that it would be difficult for the central bankers to exercise too much power over the economy. Policymakers know that economic power and political power are closely related and that economic turmoil can lead to political unrest. That dynamic is likely true in the magical world as well.
The Magic of Money and Banking, in The Law and Harry Potter (Jeffrey E. Thomas and Franklin G. Snyder, eds., Carolina Academic Press 2010)

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Number of pages: 72
Type of document: Book
Download full text pdf, 480 kB; opens in new window
Order at "De Boekerij"
More information on authors/freelancers connected to LBI :
Christa W. van Tellingen M.D.
Language of document: English
Title in English: Biochemistry, from the series: Bolks' Companions
Abstract / summary in English:
Biochemistry offers insight into the continuous changes within the human organism. But can we maintain awareness of the coherence of the (changing) organism as we study the details? How can the many processes be understood as prototypical aspects of a unique organism? Is there a relation between biochemical processes in the single organism and processes in nature as a whole?
The scope of the answers to these questions can be enhanced by using a combination of the current scientific method and a phenomenological method developed specifically to research the coherence of processes within living organisms. The current scientific method is used to discover biological facts. The phenomenological approach helps us in finding the meaning of the facts.
What emerges is a new grasp of the interrelations between biological processes, consciousness, psychology, and behavior.


text:
The 'mandarin duck and lotus' design of the current marriage bowl is based on imperial porcelain examples most commonly seen in the doucai palette. These bowls were part of the repertoire of court ceramics of the 18th and 19th centuries.
For four examples of this design, variously dating to the Qianlong (_PHONE_), Jiaqing (_PHONE_) and Daoguang (_PHONE_) reigns, see Catalogue of a Special Exhibition of Cheng-hua Period Porcelain, National Palace Museum, Taipei, 1984.
A further example from the Qianlong period (_PHONE_) is illustrated in Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong: Qing Porcelain from the Palace Museum, 1989, p. 392, pl. 73.


text:
Trees were a type of plant found on many planets and moons throughout the galaxy. Some sentient species such as the Wookiees of the planet Kashyyyk and the Ewoks of the Forest Moon of Endor made their homes in the branches of trees. The subterranean caverns of Aleen housed a species of tree-like sentients, the Kindalo.
During his life on Tatooine, trees were unimaginable to Luke Skywalker, who had never seen them in the landscape of the desert planet, however trees were found on Tatooine in the poles where the desert surface was much like a savannah. This explains how Tatooine has a breathable atmosphere, with oxygen..


text:
Texas Dust Storms
The same weather system that brought snow and ice to the American Midwest just after Thanksgiving 2005 also kicked up significant dust in western Texas and eastern Mexico. The winds associated with this cold front also fanned the flames of grass fires in the region, adding smoke to the mixture of aerosols. The most obvious dust cloud is a pale beige dust plume swirling through Texas and Mexico. However, a second, more orange-colored cloud of dust blows across northern Texas. Parts of northern Texas saw wind speeds around 60 miles per hour. Resulting dust storms reduced visibility to just 2.5 miles in some areas, and swamped local fire departments with calls regarding both fires and downed power lines.
Image Credit: NASA/GSFC/MODIS Land Rapid Response Team/Jeff Schmaltz


text:
Results Follow Up, UNAD 2017
The project "Digitalizing Uganda Sign Language" aims to make Uganda sign language accessible via digital platforms.
There is no digital resource available to learn Uganda sign language today.
Spider supports the implementation and research for the project "Digitalizing Uganda Sign Language". The project is based in Uganda and aims to make Uganda sign language accessible via digital platforms across the country. The Spider results follow up performed a baseline study at the beginning of the project to examine the level of ICT use and accessibility for sign language in Uganda's various regions. This will help UNAD understand stakeholders' experiences, expectations and the challenges in utilising Uganda's digital sign-language content.
The baseline study on use of ICTs for learning sign language in Uganda shows that mobile apps, social media networks and CDs are very helpful in learning sign language.
The baseline study on use of ICTs for learning sign language in Uganda shows that mobile apps, social media networks and CDs are very helpful in learning sign language. Findings show that there are low levels of ICT use and accessibility among sign language learners in the different regions of Uganda. Yet the attitude towards using ICTs to learn sign language is positive, among the deaf, their friends, sign language instructors, parents and community service providers (such as nurses, the police, teachers, business persons, etc.).
Social media groups, videos on WhatApps and Facebook, mobile apps and compact discs (CDs) were among some of the commonly used ICTs for learning sign language.
The baseline study found that challenges related to use of these ICTs include unaffordable costs for Internet especially when learners have to share and download videos and also acquiring the artefacts (smartphones, CDs, etc.).
The Channel 4 Documentary "Patrick Speaks" shows how 15 year Patrick Otema learns sign language and how this knowledge breaks the silence he has lived in so far.
Literacy among deaf persons was found to be low. A majority of them have only primary school education. Most schools offer no special education beyond primary level. Literacy challenges also make it difficult to use ICTs as well as other learning materials such as dictionaries and tutorials.
The baseline study highlights some of the interventions to address challenges faced by deaf people and sign language learners in Uganda. The Ugandan population has to be sensitised on how to communicate with the deaf rather than stereotyping them as social misfits. To achieve this, the study recommends creating awareness programmes and integrating sign language learning into national education programmes.
Literacy challenges also make it difficult to use ICTs as well as learning materials such as dictionaries and tutorials.
There is a need to borrow a leaf from universal sign language programmes but also to contextualise particular interventions, especially the curriculum and content developed. Some of the signs are not universal and for this reason the signs confuse learners. Therefore, learning materials should address content localisation issues.
When it comes to learning sign language using ICTs, the study found that there is a need to streamline strategies for digital sign language implementation. For example availing digital resources (content, devices, etc.) to the deaf and their helpers and empowering people and institutions which were found to be influential in supporting the deaf: that is, friends, religious institutions, family members and deaf instructors. These would scale the cause.


text:
Medieval Chronicles and the Rotation of the Earth
The main purpose of this work is to obtain and assess a large body of observations of solar eclipses from medieval records (roughly the period from 400 to 1200), and to use the observations in improving our knowledge of the motion of the solar system. Catalogues of various types of data are given in the appendices including but not limited to lunar eclipses, comets, novae, famines, and earthquakes.
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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSES OF THE WORK
Coco ver A
ANNALS CHRONICLES AND HISTORIES
16 other sections not shown
6th hour according annalist annals appeared assigned assume astronomical Bede believe bout calculations calendar calends called century Chapter Christian Chronicle church cited close compiled Conclusions contains contemporaneous continuation copied correct described detail discussion early Easter edition editor entry equinox error example fact feria German give given happened Hence hour identified independent interesting Italy known later lipse lists lunar eclipse magnitude means medieval mentioned monastery month moon needed nones notes notice observation occurred original perhaps period person Place possible probably reason record Reference Reliability Roman says Section seems seen Sigebertus solar eclipses Standard deviation stars suggests TABLE taken tion translation Ulster usually writing written wrote


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I just learned about the transfer homomorphism, and I am having trouble internalizing it. I am learning from 'A Course in the Theory of Groups', and I was hoping that perhaps someone had a more intuitive explanation of the transfer to supplement the book's construction.
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2 Answers 2
up vote 9 down vote accepted
The transfer tries to capture conjugacy in a homomorphism. This is a little hard to do so the definition is a little complicated. I give a simpler to verify definition from Kurzweil–Stelmmacher, then the standard product-of-conjugates formula and its specialization to the center and to a Hall subgroup.
Smoother definition
Kurzweil–Stellmacher gives a slightly nicer definition of the transfer: Let $H \leq G$ be a subgroup of finite index in the group $G$. If $R,S$ are transversals of $H$ in $G$, define $$(R|S) = \prod_{(r,s) \in R \times S \atop Hr = Hs} \overline{ rs^{-1} } \in H/[H,H]$$ Then one easily verifies that $$(R|S)^{-1} = (S|R), \quad (R|S)(S|T) = (R|T), \quad (Rg|Sg) =(R|S), \quad \text{and} \quad (Rg|R) =(Sg|S)$$ (At the moment, I couldn't do the last in my head, but $(Rg|R) = (Rg|Sg) (Sg|S) (S|R) = (Sg|S)$ since the outer factors cancel by the previous properties and the fact that $(R|S)$ lives in an abelian group.)
Hence the map $tr:G \to H/[H,H]: g \mapsto (Rg|R)$ is well-defined (by the last property) and a homomorphism since $$(Rgh|R) = (Rgh|Rh)(Rh|R) =(Rg|R)(Rh|R)$$
Some important properties
For g in G, consider the orbits of $\langle g \rangle$ on the cosets $G/H$. Let them have representatives $g_i \in R$ and size $n_i$. Then $$tr(g) = \prod g_i g^{n_i} g_i^{-1}$$ is a product of conjugates of $g$. In particular, if $g \in Z(G)$, then all the conjugates are the same, so $$tr(g) = g^{[G:H]}, \quad \text{if } g \in Z(G)$$ and a similar formula holds if we consider $tr(g)$ mod the subgroup $$H^* = \langle h^{-1} h^g : h,h^g \in H, g \in G \rangle$$ since modulo this subgroup, all $G$-conjugates are the same: $$tr(g) \equiv g^{[G:H]} \mod H^*, \quad \text{if } g \in H$$
In particular, if $G$ does not sufficiently swirl $H$, that is, if $H^* < H$, and if $\gcd([H:H^*],[G:H])=1$ (for instance if $H$ is Hall or Sylow), then the transfer map restricts to an automorphism of $H/H^*$ and in particular $G$ has a proper normal subgroup $K=\ker(tr)$ such that $H \cap K = H^*$. When $H$ is a Sylow $p$-subgroup, this $H^*$ is called the focal subgroup and is equal to $H \cap [G,G]$.
Notice that $H^* \geq [H,H]$ measures how much extra conjugacy (fusion) $G$ causes in $H$. The transfer allows us to pull $H^*$ back into $G$, and so we get a normal subgroup of $G$ that somehow measures fusion in $H$. Again this is most useful and precise when $H$ is a Hall or Sylow subgroup of $G$.
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Other good answers would include the definition from homology of groups, and the definition from character theory. This answer is closest to the material in Robinson, if I recall correctly. – Jack Schmidt Oct 2 '12 at 21:45
There is a way (in my opinion, quite natural) which leads not only to transfer map, but also to the induced representations.
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Please explain your downvotes. – Alex W Jun 5 at 16:48
Your Answer


LATEST VERSION: 9.3.2 - RELEASE NOTES
Pivotal GemFire® v9.3
Implementing Delta Propagation
By default, delta propagation is enabled in your distributed system. When enabled, delta propagation is used for objects that implement org.apache.geode.Delta. You program the methods to store and extract delta information for your entries and to apply received delta information.
Use the following procedure to implement delta propagation in your distributed system.
 1. Study your object types and expected application behavior to determine which regions can benefit from using delta propagation. Delta propagation does not improve performance for all data and data modification scenarios. See When to Avoid Delta Propagation.
 2. For each region where you are using delta propagation, choose whether to enable cloning using the delta propagation property cloning-enabled. Cloning is disabled by default. See Delta Propagation Properties.
 3. If you do not enable cloning, review all associated listener code for dependencies on EntryEvent.getOldValue. Without cloning, GemFire modifies the entry in place and so loses its reference to the old value. For delta events, the EntryEvent methods getOldValue and getNewValue both return the new value.
 4. For every class where you want delta propagation, implement org.apache.geode.Delta and update your methods to support delta propagation. Exactly how you do this depends on your application and object needs, but these steps describe the basic approach:
 1. If the class is a plain old Java object (POJO), wrap it for this implementation and update your code to work with the wrapper class.
 2. Define as transient any extra object fields that you use to manage delta state. This can help performance when the full object is distributed. Whenever standard Java serialization is used, the transient keyword indicates to Java to not serialize the field.
 3. Study the object contents to decide how to handle delta changes. Delta propagation has the same issues of distributed concurrency control as the distribution of full objects, but on a more detailed level. Some parts of your objects may be able to change independent of one another while others may always need to change together. Send deltas large enough to keep your data logically consistent. If, for example, field A and field B depend on each other, then your delta distributions should either update both fields or neither. As with regular updates, the fewer producers you have on a data region, the lower your likelihood of concurrency issues.
 4. In the application code that puts entries, put the fully populated object into the local cache. Even though you are planning to send only deltas, errors on the receiving end could cause GemFire to request the full object, so you must provide it to the originating put method. Do this even in empty producers, with regions configured for no local data storage. This usually means doing a get on the entry unless you are sure it does not already exist anywhere in the distributed region.
 5. Change each field's update method to record information about the update. The information must be sufficient for toDelta to encode the delta and any additional required delta information when it is invoked.
 6. Write hasDelta to report on whether a delta is available.
 7. Write toDelta to create a byte stream with the changes to the object and any other information fromDelta will need to apply the changes. Before returning from toDelta, reset your delta state to indicate that there are no delta changes waiting to be sent.
 8. Write fromDelta to decode the byte stream that toDelta creates and update the object.
 9. Make sure you provide adequate synchronization to your object to maintain a consistent object state. If you do not use cloning, you will probably need to synchronize on reads and writes to avoid reading partially written updates from the cache.This synchronization might involve toDelta, fromDelta, toData, fromData, and other methods that access or update the object. Additionally, your implementation should take into account the possibility of concurrent invocations of fromDelta and one or more of the object's update methods.


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Home city guide geography of nagpur
Geography of Nagpur
Nagpur, well known as city of Oranges, is one of the cities in state of Maharashtra. If it is checked based on practicality, then it is at the centre of India and also has the presence of zero milestones (which is a monument which helps in locating the geographical centre, during British time it was the measuring point for all locations) of India and is considered as the capital city of Maharashtra in winter. After Mumbai and Pune, it is third largest city which is becoming quite popular with regards to commercialization, transportation and Industrial location or working areas. Products which are famous in Nagpur are iron, textiles and brassware.
All famous highways like NH-6 (Mumbai-Sambalpur-Calcutta) and NH-7 (Varanasi - Kanyakumari) goes through Nagpur and also the famous railway trunk route crosses the city of Nagpur (Mumbai, Howrah, Chennai and Delhi). All the essential state and central government offices along with institutions are located in city of Nagpur. Nagpur lies at 210.07 degrees North latitude and 790.07 degrees East Longitude.
Geography of Nagpur
Nagpur district is surrounded by Bhandara District in east, on the south east lies Chandrapur district, on Southwest lies Wardha district, on northwest lies Amravati district, and in North lies the Chhindwara district. The district of Nagpur is divided into 14 talukas and 12 Vidhan Sabha constituencies.
It is 13th most populated city and 13th largest urban cluster in India. According to the census of 2011, the population of Nagpur was recorded as 4,653,171 which were roughly similar to the nation of Ireland. The climate of Nagpur is mostly dry throughout the year with seasonal rainfall. The annual rainfall which is witnessed in area is around 1,205mm (which is equivalent to 47.44 inches) due to monsoon rains which occur in month of June to September. Summers in this region are extremely hot which lasts from March to June mostly, but hottest month is May. Winter lasts from November to January, during the winters it has witnessed that the temperature drops down below 10 degree Celsius or 50 degree Fahrenheit. Recently the highest recorded temperature for the year 2013, in Nagpur was around 47.9 degree Celsius on 22nd May 2013 and the lowest went to around 3.9 degree Celsius.
For visitors, some of the major attractions with respect to places areSeminary hill, Sitabuldi fort, Deekshabhoomi, Shukrawari Lake, Zero Mile Stone, Maharajbagh zoo, Raman science centre and many more. Further it also boasts that it has a vast forest area and tiger Sanctuaries within the radius of few hundred kilometres. It is marked with remarkable artificial and natural lakes and among them the largest is Ambazari Lake. Some other natural lakes are Telangkhedi and Gorewada Lake. Some of the historical rulers have created some artificial lakes which are Gandhisagar and Sonegaon. In fact further it has been named as Tiger capital of the Country. Major national parks which could not be left behind without mentioning are – Tadoba, Nagzira, Kanha, Pench, Melghat etc. Due to proximity with the international airport, lots of tourists do visit this attractive location and enjoy to the fullest.
The Geography of Nagpur would be incomplete if there is no mention of the rivers flowing across the city. Some of the famous river in Nagpur areGodavari, Wardha, Kanhan, Pench and Wainganga. Other essential facts about Nagpur areFirstly, it covers an area of 218 Km per square, Languages spoken are Marathi and Hindi. Secondly, the STD code which is followed in the area is 0712, thirdly the literacy is around 84.18%, fourthly, it is confined with best literacy rate of around 93.13%, and according to 2010 records it has been proved that Nagpur is considered as the second greenest city after Chandigarh. Recently, the Government of India has selected Nagpur as Model city for the National Clean air mission (for which around 25 crores of plans was furnished). Major commercial area which is in the heart of city is Sitabuldi (which is in Central Market). Nagpur owes around 3 state Universities, and Nagpur University is considered as one of the oldest which was founded in the year 1923.
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 2. Reduce the costs of unsold goods by precise planning of production.
 3. Prepare more precise budgets and sales forecasts.
 4. Develop your pricing and promotions strategy using on-demand data.
 5. Eliminate human bias and establish consistent AI-based sales forecasting methodology.
About iERP


text:
Introduction:La Piscine, a splendid Art Deco building in Roubaix, part of greater Lille, houses the Musée d'Art et d'Industrie. It's one of the most exciting surprises in the Nord region, housing an impressive collection of 19thand 20th-century art. The museum covers fine and applied art (a concept more English than French), and displays painting, sculpture, textiles, ceramics, and glass by both local and artists and internationally known names.
The Building and the Background
La Piscine was just that, a swimming pool built for the well-to-do and the principal bath house for the poor in Roubaix. One of France's major textile centers, Roubaix grew hugely in the 19th century as workers flooded in to work in the factories and mills. The houses they occupied were basic, with no running water and no electricity. The idea was to provide the poor with a place where they could wash, so this 'Temple of Hygene' was built by the forward-thinking Mayor. La Piscine was an Utopian dream, welcoming, practically and very beautiful.
La Piscine was designed by Albert Baert and built from _PHONE_ in flamboyant Art Deco style. It was modeled around the Abbey of Cluny with a cloister and garden in the center and a chapel and restaurant, reflecting the old refectory idea.
The centre of the building is an Olympic-sized swimming pool, decorated with mosaic tiles that were inspired by the waves depicted in so many images by the Japanese artist Hokusai, and lit by a huge stained glass window at one end. The pool particularly was full of Freemasonry motifs. The pool runs from north to south; the window depicts the rising sun; the eye of knowledge is depicted everywhere.
When La Piscine was converted into a museum, the architects filled in much of the pool but left a long stream running down the middle to evoke its previous existence. Small changing rooms, which house some of the art, lead off the pool with corridors running in front and behind them where more exhibits are displayed. It's beautiful and as you walk into the main area you're taken back to its original purpose by a soundtrack of children, now long gone, happily splashing about in the water.
The original collection came from the Industrial Museum of Roubaix which was housed in the building opposite (now the High School of Art and Industry). A rich and unusual mix of pattern books and textile samples from Coptic Egyptian up to contemporary work, it symbolises the connection between Roubaix and the textile industry.
Today the collections have hugely expanded. On display around the pool itself are sculptures that take in 19th-century neo-classical works by the likes of Henri Fantin Latour, Rodin and others, and 20th-century works by Bonnard, Vlaminck, Van Dongen and other leading artists.
A series of small rooms takes you through the grand 19th century tradition of painting through a series of themes like local painters, the Realists and an Oriental Room. There's also a small but impressive collection of ceramics, showing superb examples from the works of the porcelain factory, through the likes of Picasso and Raoul Dufy to contemporary works by the Italian designer of the Memphis group, Ettore Sotsass, Rembrandt Bugatti, the Frenchman Philippe Starck and others.For Practical Information on La Piscine, Roubaix, see the next page.


text:
Transfer to the Collinear Libration Point L3 in the Sun-Earth+Moon SystemThe collinear libration point L3 of the sun-earth+moon system is an ideal place for some space missions. Although there has been a great amount of work concerning the applications of the other two collinear libration points L1 and L2, little work has been done about the point L3. In this paper, the dynamics of the libration points was briefly introduced first. Then a way to transfer the spacecraft to the collinear libration point L3 via the invariant manifolds of the other two collinear libration points was proposed. Theoretical works under the model of circular restricted three-body problem were done. For the sun-earth+moon system, this model is a good approximation. The results obtained are useful when a transfer trajectory under the real solar system is designed.
Hou, Xi-yun (Nanjing Univ. China)
Tang, Jing-shi (Nanjing Univ. China)
Liu, Lin (Nanjing Univ. China)
August 24, 2013
September 24, 2007
Publication: Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on Space Flight Dynamics


text:
Note that prestandard size 1 is approximately the same size as standard size 23 (2.21 to 2.30 inches
in diameter). Prestandard size 3 is approximately the same size as standard size 31. Prestandard size 5 is
approximately the same size as standard size 37.
The letters used in the prestandard coding system indicate the function, mounting, or special
characteristics of the synchro as shown in the following chart.
Flange Mounted Receiver (this letter is normally omitted if letters
other than H or S occur in type designation)
Bearing Mounted Unit
Nozzle Mounted Unit
Navy prestandard synchros are rarely used today. They have been replaced by the standard synchro.
However, by being familiar with the prestandard coding system, you will be able to identify the older
synchros and make correct replacements if necessary.
Q-6. What does the code 26V-11TX4D mean on a synchro nameplate?
Q-7. Which of the two synchro designation codes is indicated by 5DG on a synchro nameplate?
Schematic symbols for synchros are drawn by various manufacturers in many different ways. Only
five symbols (as shown in figure 1-3), however, meet the standard military specifications for schematic
diagrams of synchros and synchro connections. When a symbol is used on a schematic, it will be
accompanied by the military abbreviation of one of the eight synchro functional classifications (TR, TX,
The symbols shown in views A and B of figure 1-3 are used when it is necessary to show only the
external connections to a synchro, while those shown in views C, D, and E are used when it is important
to see the positional relationship between the rotor and stator. The letters R and S, in conjunction with an
Arabic number, are used to identify the rotor and stator connections; for example, R1, R2, S1, S2, and S3.
The small arrow on the rotor symbol indicates the angular displacement of the rotor; in figure 1-3 the
displacement is zero degrees.


Introduction - Comparing parallel Rust and C++
7 bookmarks. First posted by spl 15 days ago.
Example of optimizing code for a modern CPU to take advantage of multiple cores, cache efficiency, SIMD, etc
optimization code simd programming tootme
15 days ago by nelson
In this tutorial, we will implement a Rust program that attempts to utilize 100% of the theoretical capacity of three relatively modern, mid-range CPUs. We'll use an existing, highly efficient C++ implementation as a reference point to compare how our Rust program is doing. We start with a simple baseline solution of 3 nested for-loops, and keep improving on the baseline solution incrementally, implementing 8 versions in total, until the program is going so fast it can hardly go faster. We'll approach the problem from the point of view of a C++ programmer who already knows how the reference implementation solves the problem, but is interested in an approach using the Rust language.
rust c++ parallel optimization
15 days ago by spl


I'm starting to make a symbol and subject index with the package multind. In the symbol index, I would like to group the symbols by thematics, e.g., write set theory notation and have all the symbols below the description, after write operators and have all the notation for the operators, etc.
Does anyone knows how to do this?
I would like to obtain something like the following
Can anyone help me with a minimal working example? Preferably changing the section with page number.
 - 2
 The package multind is very old and unmaintained. I suggest you to use either imakeidx or splitidx to generate multiple indexes. – karlkoeller Nov 20 '13 at 6:01
 - 2
 This seems more a work for the glossaries package. – egreg Nov 20 '13 at 8:49
You can use glossaries to do this. I assume you either want to sort your symbols according to definition or to usage since symbols are difficult to sort alphabetically (and your sample isn't alphabetically sorted). With glossaries you can use the package option sort=def to sort in order of definition or sort=use to sort according to usage. In the example below, I've used sort=def (change \setglossarystyle to \glossarystyle if you are using a version of glossaries prior to version 4.0):
% (Pre glossaries v4.0 requires \glossarystyle rather than
% \setglossarystyle)
% Define a command to define operators
% Syntax: \newoperator[options]{label}{operator symbol}
% Similarly for constants
% Define operators
% Define constants
\chapter{Sample Chapter}
Some sample usage of constants:
 \gls{pdash}, \gls{Mcn}, \gls{jnu}
Some sample usage of operators:
 \gls{Mop}, \gls{Aalpha}, \gls{nablaOmega}
More sample usage:
\gls{T}, \gls{I2}, \gls{Jz}, \gls{Gz},
\gls{Mcn}, \gls{Dpq}, \gls{jnu}
In order to build the PDF you need to do:
 1. Run pdflatex
 2. Run makeglossaries
 3. Run pdflatex
The above example produces:
Page 1:
Image of page 1
Page 2:
Image of page 2
Page 3:
Image of page 3
In your example image, you have some lines with multiple entries (for example, c, c_1, c_2, \ldots, v_n). There are various ways to deal with these. You could designate the first in the list (e.g, c) as the main parent entry, and the remainder as sub-entries, and then define a glossary style that puts the sub-entry names after the parent entry name, but this will complicate the location list. However, I think the easiest solution is probably to define an entry with the specified list and then use \glsdisp or \glslink whenever you use it.
For example:
\newconstant{c}{c, c_1, c_2, \ldots, v_n}
Then in the document:
In-line: $\glslink{c}{c}$ or $\glslink{c}{c_1}$ or $\glslink{c}{c_2}$ etc.
Your Answer


text:
Recent years have seen rapid deployment of mobile computing and Internet of Things (IoT) networks, which can be mostly attributed to the increasing communication and sensing capabilities of wireless systems. Big data analysis, pervasive computing, and eventually artificial intelligence (AI) are envisaged to be deployed on top of the IoT and create a new world featured by data-driven AI. In this context, a novel paradigm of merging AI and wireless communications, called Wireless AI that pushes AI frontiers to the network edge, is widely regarded as a key enabler for future intelligent network evolution. To this end, we present a comprehensive survey of the latest studies in wireless AI from the data-driven perspective. Specifically, we first propose a novel Wireless AI architecture that covers five key data-driven AI themes in wireless networks, including Sensing AI, Network Device AI, Access AI, User Device AI and Data-provenance AI. Then, for each data-driven AI theme, we present an overview on the use of AI approaches to solve the emerging data-related problems and show how AI can empower wireless network functionalities. Particularly, compared to the other related survey papers, we provide an in-depth discussion on the Wireless AI applications in various data-driven domains wherein AI proves extremely useful for wireless network design and optimization. Finally, research challenges and future visions are also discussed to spur further research in this promising area.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Wireless networks
- artificial intelligence
- data-driven AI
- deep learning
- machine learning


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NYC Employers: Watch For Proposed NYC Legislation Limiting the Use of AI in Hiring
New York City is considering proposed legislation that would regulate the use of artificial intelligence in hiring.
If passed, the new law would (effective January 1, 2022) require that, in order to sell an "automated decision tool" in New York City, the tool's developer must:
 1. Be able to show that the tool was the subject of a "bias audit" conducted in the past year;
 2. Offer, at no additional cost, an annual bias audit and provide the results of the audit to the purchaser; and
 3. Include a notice (aimed at the purchaser) stating that the tool is subject to the provisions of this law.
One potential issue here is that "automated decision tool" is defined in a way that may sweep in a broad range of selection tools:
"Any system whose function is governed by statistical theory, or systems whose parameters are defined by such systems, including inferential methodologies, linear regression, neural networks, decision trees, random forests, and other learning algorithms, which automatically filters candidates or prospective candidates for hire or for any term, condition or privilege of employment in a way that establishes a preferred candidate or candidates."
Notice to Candidates
In addition to imposing requirements on a tool's developer, any employer who uses such a tool must provide a notice to candidates (within 30 days of them being screened) of:
 1. The fact that an automated decision tool that is required by the law to be audited for bias was used in connection with their candidacy; and
 2. The job qualifications or characteristics that such tool was used to assess in the candidate.
The law doesn't address the degree of specificity with which "qualifications or characteristics" must be described in the notice. We believe that general descriptions of broad competencies (e.g., "customer orientation" or "problem-solving") should suffice.
Bias Audit
The required "bias audit" is defined as "an impartial evaluation," of the tool "to assess its predicted compliance with the provisions of section 8-107" of the New York City Code. Section 8-107 is the anti-discrimination section of the City Code. It includes, among other provisions, a prohibition against employment practices that have disparate impact. In general, this provision tracks the definition of disparate impact from federal law, with one very significant difference. While federal law focuses on disparate impact on the basis of race or gender (and expressly requires the collection of race and gender data to assess adverse impact), the City Code encompasses disparate impact based on any protected characteristic, meaning "age, race, creed, color, national origin, gender, disability, marital status, partnership status, caregiver status, sexual and reproductive health decisions, sexual orientation, uniformed service or alienage or citizenship status."
That last aspect could create a significant compliance hurdle for employers, since they generally do not (and cannot, without running afoul of other laws) collect information about applicants' protected characteristics other than race and gender, making it difficult to see how a tool developer could test whether or not its tool is likely to have disparate impact on other groups.
While the law continues to work its way through committee, businesses that are based in or hire employees for positions in New York City should review their pre-employment selection tools and confer with their vendors to determine if they utilize learning algorithms and, therefore, could be subject to the new law.
Scroll to the top of the web page anchor link.


Conveyancing and the Advantages of Seeking Professional Help
By law, conveyancing is the act of transferring the contract deeds of one property, such as a house or office space, from one owner to another. Certainly, each person has once in their life experienced selling or buying a property that is why ample knowledge in this field is highly advised. Although the mere act of conveyancing can be done by anybody, more and more people are hiring the services of professionals.
In this article, we will discuss the advantages of seeking the help of a professional conveyancer on this legal matter.
 1. They are knowledgeable
How extensive is your knowledge in assets law, bidding, contract exchange, and real estate matters? If your answer is not much, it is really a good idea to get help for your conveyancing needs from more knowledgeable people. Conveyancers hold a license issued by the Council of Licensed Conveyancers and have spent a lot of time studying all there is in the industry. They can answer your questions better than any research you will get from the Internet. Besides, their knowledge is what you have paid their conveyancing fees for.
 1. They hold a great amount of practical experience
They will know exactly how to manage your case as they have already dealt with similar situations before. They know the right people to talk to. They know which official to speak with at the Local Authority to find out if there are factors that may affect the value of the property, for example. Your conveyancer will guide you in every step of the way and will give valuable advice on the process. Because of their substantial experience, no problem is too big for them as they can find a way out of that difficulty.
 1. They are your legal representatives
This is one of the great things about hiring a conveyancer. They will be the ones to process the transaction on your behalf so all you have to focus on is moving to your new house if you are the buyer, or receiving the money from the purchase as the seller. You will not have to carry the burden of sitting in seemingly endless meetings, bidding, or dealing with paper works. Because of these professionals, clients find conveyancing not as stressful and time-consuming.
These are just some of the benefits you can take advantage of when you employ the services of a conveyancer. However, it is very important to do a background check on the conveyancer you are eyeing to know if he is suitable for the job. There are a lot of conveyancer solicitors around, they come in varying credentials, conveyancing fees, and areas of experience. Never entrust your property and your money without doing the mandatory research.
Conveyancing is a crucial part in any property transaction. Finding the right professional is essential for a smooth property deed transfer. Good luck on your search!
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text: This study identifies the factors which influence user participation in community-based rural water supply schemes in north Kerala, using primary data. To capture the rate of participation, two forms of indices were constructed: one to measure attendance in group meetings, and the other to measure their influence on decisions. The relative importance of factors such as locality, group and household characteristics that affect participation were analysed using linear regression models. Of the three sets of factors, it was found that household characteristics were the most influential. The analysis shows that males actively participated in group meetings. Level of education and involvement of households in other local organizations were the other major factors affecting participation.


text:
Cancer detection fell in Scotland during pandemic
About 1,600 fewer people than expected were diagnosed with the three most common cancers during the first nine months of the Covid pandemic.
Public Health Scotland has attempted to work out how restrictions put in place at the start of coronavirus affected diagnosis of the disease.
The statistics show that breast cancer diagnosis was down by 19%, bowel cancer by 25% and lung cancer by 9%.
The data also showed cancer was not being diagnosed at the earliest stages.
This is when treatment is most successful.
Cancer Research UK called for urgent action to prevent progress on cancer survival going backwards.
- Cancer referrals return to pre-pandemic levels
"If swift action isn't taken, our fear is that cancer survival in Scotland could go backwards."
The Covid-19 lockdown at the end of March 2020 led to severe restrictions on hospital appointments and a halt to cancer screening.
The Public Health Scotland report said the biggest drop in cancer diagnoses was in that initial lockdown from April to the end of June last year.
In the remaining months of 2020, the numbers of people diagnosed with breast and lung cancer started to return to pre-pandemic levels, although colorectal (bowel) cancer figures remained well below previous years.
'Urgent action needed'
The PHS report said that during the nine months of the pandemic in 2020 (April-December), there were 2,681 patients diagnosed with breast cancer. This is 635 fewer than the expected 3,316, based on previous years.
For bowel cancer there were 1,958 patients, 647 fewer than expected. Lung cancer was 3,287, 325 fewer.
The statistics show that for breast cancer, there were large falls numbers diagnosed at early stages, with stage 1 down 35% and stage 2 down 15%. In contrast, there were small increases in stages 3 and 4.
For colorectal cancer, there were substantial drops in the numbers diagnosed with stages 1, 2 or 3 and lung cancer also had fewer people diagnosed at early stages.
David Ferguson, from Cancer Research UK in Scotland, said the PHS report reinforced fears that opportunities to diagnose cancer at an early stage were missed during the pandemic.
He said: "Urgent action is needed. Cancer survival wasn't good enough before the pandemic. Too many people are waiting far too long for diagnosis and treatment so this must be addressed."
He called for a "road map" to tackle staff shortages and backlogs.
"If swift action isn't taken, our fear is that cancer survival in Scotland could go backwards," he said.
Comments are closed.


text:
- Enter a word for the dictionary definition.
From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:
Glycolic \Gly*col"ic\, a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, glycol; as, glycolic ether; glycolic acid. [1913 Webster] Glycolic acid (Chem.), an organic acid, found naturally in unripe grapes and in the leaves of the wild grape (Ampelopsis quinquefolia), and produced artificially in many ways, as by the oxidation of glycol, -- whence its name. It is a sirupy, or white crystalline, substance, HO.CH2.CO2H, has the properties both of an alcohol and an acid, and is a type of the hydroxy acids; -- called also hydroxyacetic acid. [1913 Webster]


text:
Jump to navigation
Minister R. J. Simpson
We want to hear from you about how the Junior Kindergarten to Grade 12 (JK-12) education system can meet the needs of students across the Northwest Territories.
ECE's approach to improving student outcomes; including actions that focus on quality early learning and child care, and those that support a quality JK-12 education system.
A streamlined labour market recovery program to support broad sectors of our economy, including: Wage Subsidy, Project Fund and Community Supports.


text:
-20°C. For frequent use, it can be stored at 2-8°C. Try to avoid repeated freezing and thawing.
|2×Multipurpose SNP Genotyping qPCR MIX
Multipurpose SNP Genotyping qPCR MIX is a real-time fluorescence quantitative 2×PCR premix system for probe-based SNP genotyping, including Taq DNA Polymerase, PCR Buffer, dNTPs, Mg²+, enhancers and stabilizers, and is easy and convenient to operate. The unique PCR buffer system has strong tolerance to complex templates such as blood and saliva. It can not only efficiently amplify the extracted DNA, but also support the direct amplification of buccal swab fluid and blood with a final concentration of no more than 15%. increase, without complicated extraction and storage process. Typing results are fast and accurate.
Pre-experiment preparation and precautions
1. Before use, please mix gently up and down, try to avoid foaming, and use after short centrifugation.
2. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing of this product, as repeated freezing and thawing may reduce the performance of the product. Long-term storage of this product can be stored at -20°C away from light. If it needs to be used frequently in a short period of time, it can be stored at 2-8°C.


Nancy Armstrong
Gilbert, Louis, and Edward Lehrman Distinguished Professor of English
Nancy Armstrong has served as editor of the journal Novel: A Forum on Fiction since 1996 and serves as co-organizer of The Novel Project at Duke, a faculty research seminar. Her scholarship explains how novels imagine a world that can be inhabited (or not) in specific ways by historically and culturally variable readerships. Currently focused on the contemporary novel, she continues to address questions of how modern cultures imagine themselves as a political society: Have, do, or can novels imagine alternative social formations? What narrative mechanisms make it possible for them to do so? How do novels presume to change their readers in the process? How do these "arguments" against the status quo engage political theories that attempt the same feat? Can any such alternative leave the formation we call "the family" intact?
Office Hours
Mondays 3:00 p.m. - 4:30 p.m.
Current Appointments & Affiliations
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Question about class
This is a discussion on Question about class within the C++ Programming forums, part of the General Programming Boards category; I am stuck over these for hours. Plz help. 1.There are 3 files here: fraction.h - class definition , fraction.cpp ...
 1. #1
 Registered User
 Join Date
 Oct 2006
 Posts
 50
 Question about class
 I am stuck over these for hours. Plz help.
 1.There are 3 files here: fraction.h - class definition , fraction.cpp - member functions & main.cpp- main function. How to link fraction.cpp with fraction.h? Does it need to link fraction.cpp with main.cpp also? How? Actually I tried to link them. I am not sure what I have done.
 2.There are 2 errors in Fraction.cpp. It is specified in the code. It said missing ; before string .That's weird. It doesn't have any string. I can't get it. How to fix them?And I am sure every { matches with } there.How come there is unexpected file end?
 3. I wrote a function- add(Fraction num) to get the numerator & denominator of (num1+num2) so that it is called in this way:
 ans = num1;
 ans.add(num2);
 Does it have problem?
 This is a simplified version of my code:
 header:
 Code:
 class Fraction
 {
 public:
 Fraction(int numer1, int denom1);
 Fraction();
 void display();
 void add(Fraction num);

 private:
 int denom,numer;
 void reduce();
 }
 Fraction.cpp
 Code:
 #include "Fraction.h"
 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;
 Fraction::Fraction(int numer1, int denom1)
 {
 numer=numer1;
 denom=denom1;
 }
 Fraction::Fraction()
 {
 numer=0;
 denom=0;
 }
 void Fraction::display()
 {
 cout<<numer<<"/"<<denom;
 }
 void Fraction::reduce()
 {
 int x;
 if (numer>denom)
 {
 for(x=denom;x>1;x--)
 {
 if ((numer%x==0) && (denom%x==0))
 {
 numer=numer/x;
 denom=denom/x;break;

 }//syntax error : missing ';' before 'string'
 //fatal error C1004: unexpected end of file found
 }
 }
 if (numer<denom)
 {
 for(x=numer;x>1;x--)
 {
 if ((numer%x==0) && (denom%x==0))
 {
 numer=numer/x;
 denom=denom/x;break;
 }
 }
 }
 }
 void add(Fraction num)
 {
 numer=numer+num.numer;
 denom=denom+num.denom;
 reduce();
 }
 main.cpp
 Code:
 #include "fraction.h"
 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;

 void main()
 {
 int numerator, denominator;
 Fraction num1, num2, ans;

 cout << "Input a fraction (a/b): ";
 cin >> numerator >> denominator;
 num1 = Fraction(numerator, denominator);

 cout << "Input another fraction (a/b): ";
 cin >> numerator >> denominator;
 num2 = Fraction(numerator, denominator);

 // addition
 ans = num1;
 ans.add(num2);
 num1.display();
 cout << " + ";
 num2.display();
 cout << " = ";
 ans.display();
 cout << endl;
 }
 2. #2
 Registered User hk_mp5kpdw's Avatar
 Join Date
 Jan 2002
 Location
 Northern Virginia/Washington DC Metropolitan Area
 Posts
 3,803
 Code:
 class Fraction
 {
 public:
 Fraction(int numer1, int denom1);
 Fraction();
 void display();
 void add(Fraction num);

 private:
 int denom,numer;
 void reduce();
 };
 Code:
 void Fraction::add(Fraction num)
 {
 numer=numer+num.numer;
 denom=denom+num.denom;
 reduce();
 }
 [edit]And main should return an int... [/edit]
 "Owners of dogs will have noticed that, if you provide them with food and water and shelter and affection, they will think you are god. Whereas owners of cats are compelled to realize that, if you provide them with food and water and shelter and affection, they draw the conclusion that they are gods."
 -Christopher Hitchens
 3. #3
 Code Goddess Prelude's Avatar
 Join Date
 Sep 2001
 Posts
 9,796
 >How to link fraction.cpp with fraction.h?
 Headers aren't linked. The preprocessor adds them to your .cpp files before compilation and linking glues together the object files that result from compilation. Just include your headers and link your .cpp files. All will be well.
 >It said missing ; before string
 Sometimes a syntax error will hide for a while. The actual problem is that you didn't terminate your Fraction class definition with a semicolon.
 >Does it have problem?
 Yes, right now the definition of add doesn't say that it's a member function of Fraction. You need to add Fraction:: to it.
 My best code is written with the delete key.
 4. #4
 Registered User
 Join Date
 Oct 2006
 Posts
 50
 Thx!I thought it would be going more complicated.lol
 Last edited by Roy01; 11-20-2006 at 10:28 AM.
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