text:
Gunding was a master carpenter and painter by profession. He belonged to the Philippine Independent Church. He married Fredesvinda Francisco Hernandez on 21 March 1935. The young couple lived with Gudning's parents in 104 C.R. Fuentes Street, Iloilo City at first. The home was where their three eldest children were born.
They migrated from Iloilo City to Manila in 1941, at the advise of Fredesvinda's father who, being affiliated with the government, knew that Manila would be the only open city where supplies and rations would be most accessible. In 1942, Fredesvinda's father, Juan Anderson Hernandez, served as superintendent of the Philippine Constabulary Academy, a training school for policemen. Segundino then worked in the Academy as the chief cook. In his efforts to help the Filipino guerillas, he would keep the armory unlocked for the rebels to loot overnight.
Segundino and Fredesvinda made Mandaluyong City their home. This city was where they raised their family. Fredesvinda was a homemaker and worked as a skilled dressmaker. Despite their humble lifestyle, they raised a closely-knit family and were important influences in the lives of their grandchildren.
A smoker since his teens, Lolo Gunding died of complications from lung disease on 21 April 1992 in Manila City.
Family History Research Notes
1. Segundino Sobrepeña Magno's Family Tree can be found on Geni.com.
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" if sys.platform == 'win32': return winlog(*args, **kwargs) else: return nixlog(*args, **kwargs)
[docs]class nixlog(object): """ Under the hood, we spawn a daemon and set up a pipe between this process and the daemon. The daemon writes our output to both the file and to stdout (if echoing). The parent process can communicate with the daemon to tell it when and when not to echo; this is what force_echo does. You can also enable/disable echoing by typing 'v'. We try to use OS-level file descriptors to do the redirection, but if stdout or stderr has been set to some Python-level file object, we use Python-level redirection instead. This allows the redirection to work within test frameworks like nose and pytest. """ def __init__(self, file_like=None, echo=False, debug=0, buffer=False, env=None, filter_fn=None): """Create a new output log context manager. Args: file_like (str or stream): open file object or name of file where output should be logged echo (bool): whether to echo output in addition to logging it debug (int): positive to enable tty debug mode during logging buffer (bool): pass buffer=True to skip unbuffering output; note this doesn't set up any *new* buffering filter_fn (callable, optional): Callable[str] -> str to filter each line of output log_output can take either a file object or a filename. If a filename is passed, the file will be opened and closed entirely within ''__enter__'' and ''__exit__''. If a file object is passed, this assumes the caller owns it and will close it. By default, we unbuffer sys.stdout and sys.stderr because the logger will include output from executed programs and from python calls. If stdout and stderr are buffered, their output won't be printed in the right place w.r.t. output from commands. Logger daemon is not started until ''__enter__()''. """ self.file_like = file_like self.echo = echo self.debug = debug self.buffer = buffer self.env = env # the environment to use for _writer_daemon self.filter_fn = filter_fn self._active = False # used to prevent re-entry def __call__(self, file_like=None, echo=None, debug=None, buffer=None): """This behaves the same as init. It allows a logger to be reused. Arguments are the same as for ''__init__()''. Args here take precedence over those passed to ''__init__()''. With the ''__call__'' function, you can save state between uses of a single logger. This is useful if you want to remember, e.g., the echo settings for a prior ''with log_output()'':: logger = log_output() with logger('foo.txt'): # log things; user can change echo settings with 'v' with logger('bar.txt'): # log things; logger remembers prior echo settings. """ if file_like is not None: self.file_like = file_like if echo is not None: self.echo = echo if debug is not None: self.debug = debug if buffer is not None: self.buffer = buffer return self def __enter__(self): if self._active: raise RuntimeError("Can't re-enter the same log_output!") if self.file_like is None: raise RuntimeError( "file argument must be set by either __init__ or __call__") # set up a stream for the daemon to write to self.log_file = FileWrapper(self.file_like) # record parent color settings before redirecting. We do this # because color output depends on whether the *original* stdout # is a TTY. New stdout won't be a TTY so we force colorization. self._saved_color = tty.color._force_color forced_color = tty.color.get_color_when() # also record parent debug settings -- in case the logger is # forcing debug output. self._saved_debug = tty._debug # OS-level pipe for redirecting output to logger read_fd, write_fd = os.pipe() read_multiprocess_fd = MultiProcessFd(read_fd) # Multiprocessing pipe for communication back from the daemon # Currently only used to save echo value between uses self.parent_pipe, child_pipe = multiprocessing.Pipe() # Sets a daemon that writes to file what it reads from a pipe try: # need to pass this b/c multiprocessing closes stdin in child. input_multiprocess_fd = None try: if sys.stdin.isatty(): input_multiprocess_fd = MultiProcessFd( os.dup(sys.stdin.fileno()) ) except BaseException: # just don't forward input if this fails pass with replace_environment(self.env): self.process = multiprocessing.Process( target=_writer_daemon, args=( input_multiprocess_fd, read_multiprocess_fd, write_fd, self.echo, self.log_file, child_pipe, self.filter_fn ) ) self.process.daemon = True # must set before start() self.process.start() finally: if input_multiprocess_fd: input_multiprocess_fd.close() read_multiprocess_fd.close() # Flush immediately before redirecting so that anything buffered # goes to the original stream sys.stdout.flush() sys.stderr.flush() # Now do the actual output redirection. self.use_fds = _file_descriptors_work(sys.stdout, sys.stderr) if self.use_fds: # We try first to use OS-level file descriptors, as this # redirects output for subprocesses and system calls. # Save old stdout and stderr file descriptors self._saved_stdout = os.dup(sys.stdout.fileno()) self._saved_stderr = os.dup(sys.stderr.fileno()) # redirect to the pipe we created above os.dup2(write_fd, sys.stdout.fileno()) os.dup2(write_fd, sys.stderr.fileno()) os.close(write_fd) else: # Handle I/O the Python way. This won't redirect lower-level # output, but it's the best we can do, and the caller # shouldn't expect any better, since *they* have apparently # redirected I/O the Python way. # Save old stdout and stderr file objects self._saved_stdout = sys.stdout self._saved_stderr = sys.stderr # create a file object for the pipe; redirect to it. pipe_fd_out = os.fdopen(write_fd, 'w') sys.stdout = pipe_fd_out sys.stderr = pipe_fd_out # Unbuffer stdout and stderr at the Python level if not self.buffer: sys.stdout = Unbuffered(sys.stdout) sys.stderr = Unbuffered(sys.stderr) # Force color and debug settings now that we have redirected. tty.color.set_color_when(forced_color) tty._debug = self.debug # track whether we're currently inside this log_output self._active = True # return this log_output object so that the user can do things # like temporarily echo some output. return self def __exit__(self, exc_type


The book Dear Educator touches on the soft skills that will help to position an educator and give him the advantage for better earning power. Each chapter is a letter written from the core of the heart of the author n very simple language that is easy to understand and practise. Insights into the tips and principles needed to get ahead are discussedattitudes, character, the importance of personal development and lots more. Tips are given on how to maintain the various relationships an educator will encounter in his careerrelationships with the parents of his students, his employers, colleagues and with his bosses. The need for a mentor and for networking are emphasised. In this book, the author shares her tips on her journey as an educator and the things that have helped her make a succes of the teaching career to the point of becoming a thought leader.
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Garrion Bridge
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Garrion Bridge
Garrion Bridge is located in North Lanarkshire
Garrion Bridge
Garrion Bridge
 Garrion Bridge shown within North Lanarkshire
OS grid reference NS792510
Council area North Lanarkshire
Lieutenancy area Lanarkshire
Country Scotland
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town WISHAW
Postcode district ML2
Dialling code 01698
Police Scottish
Fire Scottish
Ambulance Scottish
EU Parliament Scotland
UK Parliament Motherwell and Wishaw
Scottish Parliament Motherwell and Wishaw
List of places
Coordinates: 55°44′15″N 3°55′22″W / 55.737402°N 3.922871°W / 55.737402; -3.922871
Garrion Bridge is a small hamlet spanning the border between North Lanarkshire and South Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is located on the banks of the Clyde Valley, 18 miles (29 km) south-east of Glasgow. The hamlet is most commonly associated with the nearby town of Wishaw.
The hamlet has grown around a main river crossing of the River Clyde in Lanarkshire. The area spans both sides of the river, with some of the houses actually located in South Lanarkshire. There are more than a dozen houses located around the bridge. There is an independent garden and antique centre, operating in the premises of the recently closed Banana ripery operated by Fyffes.
Transport links[edit]
The area is still dominated by the river crossing, which remains the most important bridge over the Clyde for several miles in either direction. The original bridge, constructed in 1817 and still in use, was supplemented in 2002 by a new bridge slightly upstream, creating for the first time a bi-directional flow of traffic over the river in the form of a roundabout.[1] Prior to this, Garrion Bridge was a notorious traffic bottleneck, with an acute crossroads formed by the junctions of the A71 and A72. As the original (1817) bridge was single lane, the traffic was signal-controlled with only one direction able to cross the bridge at any one time. This led to huge delays, also in part due to the meeting of the A71 from the west and the A72 from the north having a very acute angle with no turning restrictions, which often led to large vehicles becoming stuck. This was rectified by moving the intersection of the northern A72 and western A71 almost 0.5 miles (0.80 km) up the valley side to a new roundabout, and removing the original alignment of the A72. This work was carried out at the same time of the construction of the new bridge in 2001.
There is some public transport in the area, with a regular bus service provided by First Glasgow operating between Larkhall and Glasgow and a more sporadic local authority supported service between Hamilton and Carluke.
 1. ^ [1]
External links[edit]


text:
Dutch researchers say they have discovered a way to use mobile phone networks to measure rainfall.
Aart Overeem from the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute decided to pursue a lower-cost alternative to rain measurement after the depletion of traditional rain gauges worldwide in recent years made the collection of accurate data difficult.
Mr Overeem said researchers had wondered whether they could use the microwave radio links that transmit mobile phone calls to measure rainfall.
"It had already been known for a long time that rainfall can influence the strength of the signal in telecommunication," Mr Overeem said.
"For instance by the end of the '90s, some colleagues of mine already had what you call a research link in which they showed that the signal gets weaker in case of rainfall," he said.
"In case of a radio link, electromagnetic signals travel from the antenna of one telephone tower to the antenna of another telephone tower.
"When it starts raining the signal gets weaker, so the more rain droplets and the larger the size of the rain droplets, the larger the decrease in the received signal power that's one end of such a microwave link." In a study published today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Mr Overeem conducted tests across 12 days before comparing the phone network data with rainfall data collected the old fashioned way.
"It appeared to be already quite accurate, although more research is probably needed to get reliable rainfall maps all year round." Once additional work is done, Mr Overeem said the new rainfall measurement technique could become widespread very quickly.
"For instance in Africa, people often have a mobile phone, there is an infrastructure, and there are some telecommunication networks, but the number of rain gauges is quite low," he said.
"So particularly for those countries, it will be quite interesting.
"For other countries [that] do have weather radars, such as countries in Europe, the United States and Australia, this microwave link data could be interesting to adjust the radar rainfall images." He said weather radars, with their ability to provide detailed measurements over large areas, were very useful and could be used for managing the response to floods.
Researchers hoped the use of mobile phone data would receive approval by phone companies to make the information available.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
In saying that something doesn't exist, is it unusual to use the ga particle (が) and a negative verb? For example, would "(Uchi ni) Terebi ga arimasen" be an unusual way to say "There isn't a TV (at my house)"?
The reason I'm wondering is that lesson 8 of Japanese For Busy People, which introduces the ga particle and the existence of people and things, teaches "place ni noun ga arimasu/imasu" to say "The object exists at this location!". (If you were talking about a noun whose existance was already known, and you were just providing additional information, it currently suggests using "wa" and "desu" - eg "terebi wa ookii desu" - "the television is big")
Also, at the start of chapter 9, it teaches "place ni noun ga arimasu ka", and tells you how to do the positive answer "Hai, noun ga arimasu".
However, it doesn't teach "noun ga arimasen/imasen" to say "The object doesn't exist!". The only time it mentions the negative form is with "Nani mo arimasen" and "Dare mo imasen", which is to say that nothing or no-one exists at a specific location.
Since it doesn't teach "noun ga arimasen/imasen", I'm wondering if it's because that's not gramatically correct.


text:
Learn how cannabis can help spark your creativity!
Cannabis has long been used and revered for its many benefits, from its widely acknowledged medical applications to its commonly accepted ability to help people relax. And now, with the list of states and countries legalizing marijuana usage for all purposes growing rapidly, we've finally reached a tipping point where cannabis is achieving a level of mainstream acceptance and usage, especially among artists. Many established and aspiring artists are looking to cannabis use to aid in their creativity—whether that's to expand the imagination, connect disparate ideas, take artistic risks, or myriad other ways to create and generate work.
In Cannabis for Creatives, photographer and cannabis advocate Jordana Wright provides what you need to know to take full advantage of cannabis's potential in your creative work. She begins with the basics—how cannabis grows, how it is ingested, and the nuances of variety—then works through both the history of cannabis usage and all the pertinent details of the plant itself—lineage, strains, appearance, flavor, terpenes, and the types of high you can experience. Jordana also discusses the neuroscience of cannabis use, including how it affects the brain and how science measures creativity.
Then, Jordana reveals her findings after conducting more than 30 interviews with artists, including photographers, writers, sculptors, painters, actors, comedians, and musicians as she investigates how these artists use cannabis in their work—including what strains work best for them—and how it has helped them become more creative, increase their artistic output, and have creative breakthroughs. The book also features a series of creative prompts that you can use as guided creative experiences in your own creative work.
Table of Contents
Introduction: Uncovering the Relationship Between Creativity and Cannabis
Chapter 1: Cannabis Use Through History
Chapter 2: Studying Creativity
Chapter 3: Cannabis and the Brain
Chapter 4: Understanding the Plant
Chapter 5: Cannabis and Creativity: The Interviews
Chapter 6: Exploring Your Own Creativity with Cannabis

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Fullscreen image
2nd January 1920
RIC enrolls first British Recruits
As the War of Independence escalated, the Royal Irish Constabulary was becoming more and more overstretched. In December 1919, the government began to recruit ex-servicemen from Britain to bolster the police force in Ireland. These servicemen became known as the Black and Tans - due to the mixed colours of their uniforms. In July, they were joined by the Auxiliary Division, composed of ex-officers from the war.
The Black and Tans and Auxiliaries became notorious for their lack of discipline and reckless behaviour throughout their time in Ireland.
War of Independence, Military & Policing
'The New RIC'- RIC Christmas card with the RIC, Black and Tans, Auxiliaries and Station Defence.
Police Museum, Belfast


What lag time is
Lag time is the amount of time by which the destination system lags behind the source system.
The lag time is the difference between the current time and the timestamp of the Snapshot copy that was last successfully transferred to the destination system. The lag time will always be at least as much as the duration of the last successful transfer, unless the clocks on the source and destination systems are not synchronized. The time zone difference is automatically calculated into the lag time.


text:
Bibliographies of Camp-related Research
Attitudes of Children Without Disabilities Toward Peers with Disabilities: The Effect of Contact in a Summer Camp Program
Doctoral Dissertation, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 1998.
Examine the changes in attitudes of children without disabilities toward their peers with disabilities in an inclusive summer day camp setting.
Subjects: 611 campers (boys and girls), ages 8-12.
Camp Affiliation: Jewish Community Center Day Camps using Open Hearts, Open Doors Programs.
Method: Eight-week summer day camp program, six hours/day, five days/week. Program included specific inclusion interventions such as: circle of friends (peer support group for campers with disabilities), information meetings for campers without disabilities, Kids on the Block performance, inclusive fine arts performances, non-disabled-disabled buddy system for transportation around camp and in daily activities, and modifications to all sports activities to accommodate campers with disabilities. Disabilities included: autism, mental retardation, multiple disabilities, severe cerebral palsy, emotional disturbances, ADD, auditory impairment, neurological impairment, and perceptual impairment.
Instrument: Three-point attitude survey, a revision of The Acceptance Scale (22 positive and negative statements about children with disabilities).
Design: 411 campers in the inclusive camp setting, 200 in the control group at a comparable, non-inclusive day camp. Comparable number of males and females in treatment group, twice as many females as males in the control group. Pre-test/post-test design with control group (Group x Gender x Grade x Time of Test).
Data Analysis: ANOVA
- Significant differences between groups on pre-test, so no other between group comparisons were performed.
- Significant overall positive attitude change in children without disabilities toward children with disabilities in the inclusive group. No change for non-inclusive group.
- No significant attitude change between groups by gender.
- Significant grade level differences between groups: significant positive change in attitude for grades 5 & 6 in inclusive camp setting and negative changes in attitude in grades 5 & 6 for campers in non-inclusive setting.
- No significant overall attitude changes related to gender, but there were significant differences based on gender on individual questions.
- There were higher mean scores for females than for males in both groups.
- The researcher attributed success to the intensive staff training and commitment to the goals of the program, enabling staff to reach a comfort level conducive to success.


Where is the highest tide in the world?
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asked May 14, 2017 in Nature by Needa Petkar (1,010 points)
What is a tide? Mention its importance and also the geographical importance of the highest tide.
1 Answer
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answered May 14, 2017 by Soham (508 points)
The highest tides in the world can be found in Canada at the Bay of Fundy, which separates New Brunswick from Nova Scotia. At some times of the year the difference between high and low tide in this Bay is., taller than a three-story building.
Make sure your Question & Answer should be appropriate and useful to the reader. Don't just copy and paste content from other sources.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
If your parents pay for you to go to school and you ditch, is that stealing?
share|improve this question
4 Answers 4
I don't think it would considered pure stealing of money, though it might be.
Certainly, however, one who skips school when one's parents believe that they are attending is committing 'geneivas daas' by misleading their parents. This is derived from the prohibition of stealing found in the Torah (Leviticus 19:11).
share|improve this answer
"Be holy?" That's not explicitly about stealing. Could you flesh out your derivation a bit more? – Isaac Moses Apr 16 '10 at 14:25
I think he meant 19:11, "לא תגנובו". (The prohibition against stealing in the Ten Commandments - or Ten Declarations, as you prefer to call them - refers to kidnapping, so that's not relevant here.) – Alex Apr 16 '10 at 18:16
Yes, I meant 11. Sorry. – Tzvi Apr 18 '10 at 3:34
How can it be stealing? Stealing requires that the thief walk away with something to which he is not entitled. All the kid gets here is free time. The cost to the parents is the same, so he can't be stealing their money.
He is, on the other hand, wasting their money. It seems analogous to taking the dinner he was served and throwing it out. It isn't theft because he was given the food freely, but he is not using it in the way it was intended. Arguably, a plate of food is a gift on the condition that it be eaten, in which case it could be theft, but this seems a slightly unusual understanding. I don't think parents think, "This is a gift on condition" when paying tuition or when making dinner.
share|improve this answer
Do they have to actively think it for the condition to take effect? – Double AA Aug 24 '12 at 18:30
I would be interested to know if their was any actual halachic literature on the subject but it seems to me the answer is pretty clearly no.
Parents pay for a service, that their children obtain an education, not for a continuous task to be preformed like an assembly line. In other words every moment in the classroom does not translate into a moment of education and this is understood by all involved. While a certain amount of time is generally required to reach the goal, achieving the goal is a process and it is possible to "catch up" after an absence.
This is not to deny that skipping cannot have negative consequences or that it is not inappropriate, but it seems to me that it is inappropriate for what it is, skipping, without needing to make it into something else.
share|improve this answer
absolutely! one who skips school on purpose with no significant reason, is stealing from their parents money. also a student who disturbs his/her class is stealing, no only from his, but also everyone Else's parents money! -any worldshare|improve this answer
If a student disrupts a class in a public school, is that not considered as stealing "time" from the learning, even if it's a secular class. – Ken Apr 18 '10 at 12:12
If it is stealing then what difference does it make if they have a "significant reason" short of pikuach nefesh? – Yirmeyahu Aug 24 '12 at 23:08
Your Answer


While taking part in an event, every competitor sees themselves as winners. They are usually ready to go the extra mile to see themselves getting the victory crown. The secret to being a winner, in every competition, is how one prepares. The following are some tips for successful preparation for cycling races.
Get Enough Rest
While preparing for a contest, one may be tempted to overdo the training. Most cyclists think that doing extra training increases their chances of winning. This concept is not always accurate and may cause more harm than good. The human body requires some time to rest, and repair the broken tissues caused by vigorous training. Thus, taking some time to relax is important while practising.
Have Enough Financial Support
When a cyclist decides to take part in a race, they should be financially prepared. They should know who is going to fund their race from the start to the end. This preparation is essential since it determines how far one will go. Among the most important financial needs, is the purchase of the cycling attire, and paying for the trips. A poorly calculated financial plan can lead to sabotage of the entire race to a rider.
Be Mentally Prepared
Some challenges are obvious in sports competitions, while others are unseen. A cyclist should remain mentally prepared, in case anything they had not planned, does happen. This preparation is important, as it helps them to carry on with the race to the end. Some occurrences can be devastating, but with proper mental preparation, it becomes easy to get through it.
Do Enough Practice
Enough practice does not mean overdoing, or under doing one's training. It means taking the recommended time and distance in a day. Being underprepared may lead to panic for the cyclist. That panic can then affect the overall performance of a cyclist.
On the other hand, overdoing the training can be more damaging. It causes anxiety and fatigue, which may cause a cyclist not able to make it to the competition. Therefore, moderation is the key to successful practising.
Seek Professional Assistance
While undertaking cycling practice, it is essential to involve the eye of a professional. Such professional help can spot one's weaknesses. Through this, a cyclist improves their cycling and seals any loophole that may be present. Professional assistance helps one in finding tricks, they would not have realised while alone. An expert is also a confidant in such issues, and one can share what is bothering them in their careers. This sharing helps in reducing stress and tension in a cyclist.
Involve Passion
Passion is a driving factor in any career. It helps one to keep moving, even when they fail to meet their expectations. Being passionate while practising for these races, is a way of self-belief. It is what keeps burning inside when everything else fails. One should not expect to get passion from someone else. If they lack passion, it is a clear indication that cycling is not their area. It becomes high time for them to consider trying another profession, where they are likely to be passionate.
Above all, patience is an essential factor to consider. Training is always tough, and on most occasions, the results are contrary to the expectations. One should keep in mind, that first attempts are not always successful.


text:
Homecare in East Brunswick NJ
As a family caregiver you know how important it is to make sure that your elderly parent gets the nutrition that they need throughout their later years. What they eat makes a tremendous difference in how your parent manages their health and well-being, and their ability to resist health complications and issues. While you are focusing on making sure that they get the proper nutrition, however, you also want to give your loved one meals and snacks that they will enjoy. February 5 is Popcorn Day. This is the ideal opportunity for you to find creative ways to use popcorn as a simple basis for a wide variety of healthy and delicious snacks to satisfy your parent without throwing off their healthy eating plan. Air popped popcorn is low in calories and fat and high in fiber, making it a satisfying and tasty snack perfect for filling your loved one up and sneaking in extra nutrition.
Try some of these ideas for simple and delicious snacks that you can make using popcorn on Popcorn Day or at any other time throughout your care journey:
- Seasoned popcorn. Salt and butter may be traditional, but they can wreak havoc on your parent's health. Instead, create a savory snack by spritzing popcorn lightly with heart-healthy olive oil and sprinkling with a no-sodium seasoning blend such as curry powder or Italian seasoning.
- Savory mix. Add nutrition to your parent's snack with a savory snack mix bulked up with popcorn. Start with two cups of air popped popcorn and add in a few tablespoons of nuts and seeds, and a sprinkle of seasoning.
- Sweet mix. Satisfy a sweet tooth by adding dried fruit and small pieces of dark chocolate.
- Sweet and savory blend. The addition of popcorn allows your parent to enjoy more indulgent ingredients without overdoing it. Try combining olive oil, brown sugar, salt, garlic powder, and a pinch of cayenne in a skillet until blended, add in walnuts and pecans, and toast on a baking sheet at 375 degrees until fragrant. Blend these nuts into popcorn for more satisfaction and fewer calories.
Starting home care for your elderly loved one is an exceptional way to help them achieve and maintain a healthier diet as they age in place. Through a personalized approach to care, support, and assistance, this in-home senior care services provider can help your elderly loved one understand any dietary guidelines that they have, support them in designing a diet that will help them to keep their body healthy, assist them with tasks such as grocery shopping and meal preparation, and then integrate these concepts into their normal care routine so that they can continue to live the lifestyle that is right for them. This can not only help them to keep their body at its best and ward off health complications and issues, but can also promote better mental and emotional health as they maintain a greater sense of independence and control over their life.
If you or an aging loved one are considering homecare in East Brunswick, NJ, please contact the caring staff at Care Street Home Care of New Brunswick today. Call _PHONE_.
Latest posts by superadmin (see all)
- What Do You Know About Common Geriatric Health Issues? - April 5, 2019
- National Caffeine Awareness Month: How Much Caffeine is Too Much Caffeine? - March 15, 2019
- How to Help Your Senior Cope with Glaucoma - February 21, 2019

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Ever greater attention in the rubber industry is being applied to effectively measuring the degree of silica dispersion that has resulted from established factory mixing procedures. This process is particularly complicated because of the rubber phobic nature of silica (compared to carbon black), the required use of an organosilane and required mixing temperatures to be effective, and the need to establish differing degrees of total work history during the mixing process.
Three years ago, a new standard method for measuring the Payne Effect was developed as ASTM D8059 using the RPA. Also, in 2011, a standard method was developed using a reflected light microscope to measure state-of-mix under ASTM D7723.
In this study, a Premier-brand RPA Rubber Process Analyzer was used to measure the differences in rheological behavior by using SBR and TESPT with variation in the applied work history during mixing. Processability characteristics as seen in the Payne Effect were measured for these mixed stocks with varying work histories using the RPA with Extended Dynamic Range Technology. Comparisons also were made with the AlphaView DisperGrader reflected light microscope under special conditions.


text:
In the gloom of the caves and gorges of China, a plant has been discovered thriving in as little as.04 percent of full sunlight.
The three newly described species are nettles (Pilea sp.), in the same family as the stinging nettles, which can be the bane of the unwary hiker. The Gollum-like greenery lives only in a few locations, so one of the species is listed as endangered and two as vulnerable on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List.
"When my Chinese colleague Wei Yi-Gang from the Guangxi Institute of Botany first mentioned cave-dwelling plants to me, I thought that he was mistranslating a Chinese word into English," study author Alex Monro of Royal Botanic Gardens Kew said in a press release. "When we stepped into our first cave, Yangzi cave, I was spell-bound. It had an eerie moonscape look to it and all I could see were clumps of plants in the nettle family growing in very dark condition".
The newly discovered nettles grow in the ancient limestone formations of Guangxi province in southwest China. The exposed limestone is some of the oldest in the world and extends south into Burma and Vietnam. The plant life of the caves and deep canyons remains largely unexplored, meaning there may be other cave plants growing in Asia.
The paper describing the new species was published in the journal PhytoKeys.
Flowers of a new species from the nettle family known only from caves, Pilea cavernicola, where it grows in very low light conditions. (CREDIT: Alex Munro)
Botanists Wei Yi-Gang, Guangxi Institute of Botany, and Alex Monro, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, standing within Yangzi cave with clumps of plants from the nettle family nearby. (CREDIT: Alex Munro)


text:
- Manage, Organize and Schedule lessons.
- Provide efficient feedback to parents.
- Generate Lesson Reports.
- Anwser questions between lessons.
- Provide notes and feedback to parents.
- Access from any device
- Track students practice.
- More feedback.
- Unlock hidden potential
534,865 Minutes Practiced
LessonLogs "is a digital music lesson organizer that can be accessed by both the instructor and student, allowing for increased communication, more extensive feedback and far less paper waste."
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text:
A Sculptural Narrative of the Heroic Bravery of the People of Naga City
"ORAGON" is a two-part visual display that captures the heroism of Naguenos by portraying two forms of bravery, with a central tapestry dividing the two juxtaposed narratives. Crafted by artist Jose Barcena, Jr., grandson of Federico Barcena who carved the monument to the 15 Bicol Martyrs at Plaza Quince Martires, it was commissioned by the City Government of Naga under the leadership of Mayor Jesse Robredo.
"BRAVERY IN PEACE" depicts Naga's native ruler and warrior in full battle regalia, standing valiantly to face rather than run away from Spanish forces, a powerful reminder that Naguenos are gifted with courage and strength to face any challenge in life. Beside him sits Babaylan, a priestess signifying the esteemed position of women. A native boy symbolizes simplicity and trust in himself. The adolescent boy, pointing to the ruler, portrays reverence and obedience to their leaders.
Facing them is the Spanish conquistador Capt. Juan de Salcedo who brings with him two instruments of colonization: the use of force symbolized by the Spanish soldier, and the evangelization of Catholic faith by the Spanish missionary. The ancient Naguenos welcomed the latter and resisted the former, a testimony to their wisdom and capacity to withstand threats and welcome goodness.
"BRAVERY IN TIMES OF WAR" portrays the Naguenos indomitable courage to fight freedom, exemplified by figures of two prominent revolutionaries: Corporals Elias Angeles and Felix Plazo. On the third night of the Penafrancia triduum on September 18, 1898, they mounted a surprise attack on the Spanish government, forcing the governor and the Castillian community to seek refuge in Church premises and eventually capitulate to the triumphant native forces the next day.
"BRAVERY IN LIFE" is depicted by a tapestry at the center of the monument: a powerful symbol of the Naguenos courage to measure all experiences - good or bad, happy or sad, up or down - and see them as singular reality called life. It is also an invitation to realize that in spite of diversity, they remain united as one because of shared history and common vision.
The ORAGON was unveiled on the 18th day of June, 2010 during the 62nd Charter Day celebration of Naga City.
To have a virtual tour of amazing places around the world, please click here.


text:
What I am trying to do is discover servers on the same subnet.
I believe that multicast UDP is the standard sort of way for solving this problem. (At least that's what I've done before, and IIRC it's what JINI service discovery is based on). It's really simple (and fast). Your server just broadcasts a small id-string on a pre-determined multicast group on a periodic basis (i.e. once every 250ms). Clients join the group and listen for a second or so to pick up any id-strings being broadcasted. That's it.
Actually with Jini it's more the other way around. The client sends a multicast request for the next lookup service, with it's ip address in the source address field. The lookup services (the servers) are listening for these requests and will send back a unicast answer.
The 255.255.255.255 isn't a multicast, but a global broadcast. You can send and receive broadcasts by setting the broadcast property on a DatagramSocket.
Using the global broadcast address usally works but is regarded as BadStyleTM
The real broadcast adress is the highest address of your subnet. So the actual value depends on you netmask. For a class C net, having a netmask of 255.255.255.0, the broadcast address is x.x.x.255. The host part of their address is: Addresses in this subnet minus one. (256 -1).
A net with a netmask of 255.255.255.224 (only the last five bits of the ip address are host adresses) uses a broadcast address of (x.x.x.x & 255.255.255.224) + 31.
The differences between broadcasts and multicasts are:
- Broadcasts will not be routed. They are restricted to one subnet. Multicasts can be routed if the router is configured to do so.
- Broadcast are read by every network card. To receive a multicast packet you will have to join the corresponding multicast socket beforehand.
If you are to program a server discovery algorithm in Java, take a look at Jini _URL_
. Gives you all this and more. Don't be intimidated by the'more', the core is very simple to handle.


text:
Octamed on the Amiga has a feature that assists one to create perfect slides/glides from note to note using effect commands(1xx,2xx or 3xx/5xx in Renoise).
One could simply select a few notes and let the program calculate the correct speed for noteslide command or 1xx / 2xx.
For example lets say i wanted to create a pitch slide from C-3 to C4 between rows 0-16.
In Octamed i could simply enter C-3 on row 0 and C-4 on row 16 select rows 0-16 and then chosse pitch slide(either using 1xx/2xx or 3xx), when using 1xx the program entered aproriate 1xx on all rows untill row 16 & targetnote was reached.
Or in the case of using 3xx the program would move the target note to the next row(row 1 of sourcenote was set on row 0) and calculate the slide speed and enter 3xx untill line 16 was reached.
I have looked around in the advanced edit and it's interpolation features but none seem to work well with pitch related commands, they work fine for volume and panning, maybe i'm blind?


text:
On 28 June Artsakh Republic President Bako Sahakyan sent an address in connection with the opening of the "Education without Discrimination within the framework of the Bologne Process" international conference. The address runs as follows:
"Respected participants of the conference,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
I welcome cordially the participants of the international conference "Education without Discrimination within the framework of the Bologne Process".
Holding such events in Artsakh with the participation of renowned Armenian and foreign scientists and experts, representatives of the educational sector is demanded and significant. Discussions held in this format will enable to form a more extensive and in-depth vision of various issues related to the development of education in the world and leading countries, possible solution to them and the prospects of applying successful patterns in our republic.
In Artsakh we put special emphasize to these very crucial issues, especially taking into consideration the significance of education and science for our country and nation. The field of education is considered to be among the key strategic directions for the progress of our state. Intellectual potential is the biggest wealth Artsakh possesses and its development and continuous improvement to a great extent depends on the establishment and maintenance of firm ties and practical interactions with the civilized world in the sphere of education. This vision is also in full correspondence with international norms, as high quality education promoting all-round development of an individual is among the most significant components securing the development of a state, fundamental human rights and democracy.
I am confident that the conference will solve efficiently the tasks set before it and will have a useful contribution to the development of education in our republic.
I wish everybody success and all the best".


Current Limitations of the Cost-Based Optimization Process
The cost-based optimization process can be only applied to a query when there are statistics for all the base views involved in the query.
Example: Let us suppose V1 and V2 are base views from the same database and V3 is a base view from another data source. Let us also suppose DV is a derived view obtained by joining V1 and V2. Because V1 and V2 are from the same database, Virtual DataPort pushes down the join operation to the database.
Let us suppose we execute the following query:
This query can benefit from the cost-based optimization only when we have gathered the statistics of V1, V2 and V3.
When the cost-based optimization cannot be applied because the statistics of a required view are lacking or are disabled, the execution trace contains a message like "Missing statistics or not activated in the following nodes: DV, V3"
In addition, you have to take into account the following limitations of the cost-based optimization process:
 - This optimization is not applied in queries involving subqueries in the WHERE clause.
 - Although possible, we do not recommend enabling the cost-based optimization in views obtained from Multidimensional Databases or ITPilot data sources. The cost-based optimization process makes certain assumptions that are not verified in those types of data sources. Therefore, cost estimations may produce unexpected results.
 - The n-joins involving any left, right or full outer join will not be reordered. Virtual DataPort will still try to find the best execution plan for each 2-join in the n-join, but it will execute them in the order specified by the query.


Ohmic conduction flux of charged species
 This function computes the fluxes due to ohmic conduction appearing in the Nernst–Planck equation. The species charge concentrations are then updated using the explicit scheme \displaystyle c^{n+1}_i = c^n_i +\Delta t \, \nabla \cdot( K_i c^n_i \nabla \phi^n) where c_i is the volume density of the i-specie, K_i its volume electric conductivity and \phi the electric potential.
 extern scalar phi;
 struct Species {
 scalar * c; // A list of the species concentration and their corresponding
 int * z; // valences
 double dt;
 // optional
 vector * K; // electric mobility (default the valence)
 void ohmic_flux (struct Species sp)
 If the volume conductivity is not provided it is set to the value of the valence.
 if (!sp.K) { // fixme: this does not work yet
 int i = 0;
 for (scalar s in sp.c) {
 const face vector kc[] = {sp.z[i], sp.z[i]}; i++;
 sp.K = vectors_append (sp.K, kc);
 scalar c;
 (const) face vector K;
 for (c, K in sp.c, sp.K) {
 The fluxes of each specie through each face due to ohmic transport are
 face vector f[];
 f.x[] = K.x[]*(c[] + c[-1,0])*(phi[] - phi[-1,0])/(2.*Delta);
 boundary_flux ({f});
 The specie concentration is updated using the net amount of that specie leaving/entering each cell through the face in the interval dt
 c[] += sp.dt*(f.x[1,0] - f.x[])/Delta;
 boundary ({c});


text:
Sorption complex of selected soils of the Drawskie Lakeland
Recevied: No data
Accepted: Brak danych
Published: March 13, 2012
Categories: Agricultural, Pollution and environment
Magnesium, calcium, potassium and sodium occur in soil in various forms but for plant nutrition their exchangeable forms are the most important. Cations bonded in soil colloids constitute a specific reservoir of nutrients.The aim of this research was to determine sorption properties and to evaluate the distribution of exchangeable cations in the profiles of soils of the Drawskie Lakeland. Samples were taken from 6 soil profiles formed from glacial till of the Baltic glaciation in the vicinity of Złocieniec and Czaplinek. In general, the sampled soils had the grain-size composition of loams. The reaction of most soil samples was acid. Exchangeable cations were extracted with the BaCl2 solution according to PN-ISO 11260. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) ranged from 52.6 to 216.6 mmol(+) kg–1 of soil. The soils, despite acid reaction, were sorption-saturated. Alkaline cations were dominated by calcium, whose highest share in the sorption capacity was identified in the horizons of the parent material of all the examined soils. The lowest amounts of exchangeable calcium and magnesium were found in horizons Ap and Eet. The horizons rich in clay fraction contained higher contents of Ca2+ and Mg2+, which was confirmed by significantly positive correlation. The acid reaction did not affect significantly either the content of exchangeable cations or their distribution in the soil profiles. The highest content of K+ in arable-humus horizons of some of the soils can be related to potassium fertilisation and the weathering of minerals containing that metal. The highest content of magnesium and calcium cations in horizons Bg and the parent material of Gleysols point to the possibility of some overlapping of the top-down gleyic process features with lessivage features.
Kobierski M., Długosz J., Bartkowiak A. 2011. Sorption complex of selected soils of the Drawskie Lakeland. J. Elem. 16(3): 397-405, DOI - 10.5601/jelem.2011.16.3.05.
Luvisols and Gleysols, glacial till, exchangeable cations.
About issue:Download article


Main Content
fprintf
(To be removed) Write text to instrument
This serial, Bluetooth, tcpip, udp, visa, and gpib object function will be removed in a future release. Use serialport, bluetooth, tcpclient, tcpserver, udpport, and visadev object functions instead. For more information on updating your code, see Compatibility Considerations.
Syntax
fprintf(obj,'cmd')
fprintf(obj,'format','cmd')
fprintf(obj,'cmd','mode')
fprintf(obj,'format','cmd','mode')
Arguments
obj
An interface object.
'cmd'
The string written to the instrument.
'format'
C language conversion specification.
'mode'
Specifies whether data is written synchronously or asynchronously.
Description
fprintf(obj,'cmd') writes the string cmd to the instrument connected to obj. The default format is %s\n. The write operation is synchronous and blocks the command line until execution is complete.
fprintf(obj,'format','cmd') writes the string using the format specified by format.
format is a C language conversion specification. Conversion specifications involve the % character and the conversion characters d, i, o, u, x, X, f, e, E, g, G, c, and s. Refer to the sprintf file I/O format specifications or a C manual for more information.
fprintf(obj,'cmd','mode') writes the string with command-line access specified by mode. If mode is sync, cmd is written synchronously and the command line is blocked. If mode is async, cmd is written asynchronously and the command line is not blocked. If mode is not specified, the write operation is synchronous.
fprintf(obj,'format','cmd','mode') writes the string using the specified format. If mode is sync, cmd is written synchronously. If mode is async, cmd is written asynchronously.
Examples
Create the serial port object s, connect s on a Windows® machine to a Tektronix® TDS 210 oscilloscope, and write the RS232? command with the fprintf function. RS232? instructs the scope to return serial port communications settings.
s = serial('COM1');
fopen(s)
fprintf(s,'RS232?')
settings = fscanf(s)
settings =
9600;1;0;NONE;LF
Because the default format for fprintf is %s\n, the terminator specified by the Terminator property was automatically written. However, in some cases you might want to suppress writing the terminator. To do so, you must explicitly specify a format for the data that does not include the terminator, or configure the terminator to empty.
fprintf(s,'%s','RS232?')
Tips
Before you can write text to the instrument, it must be connected to obj with the fopen function. A connected interface object has a Status property value of open. An error is returned if you attempt to perform a write operation while obj is not connected to the instrument.
The ValuesSent property value is increased by the number of values written each time fprintf is issued.
An error occurs if the output buffer cannot hold all the data to be written. You can specify the size of the output buffer with the OutputBufferSize property.
fprintf function will return an error message if you set the flowcontrol property to hardware on a serial object, and a hardware connection is not detected. This occurs if a device is not connected, or a connected device is not asserting that is ready to receive data. Check you remote device's status and flow control settings to see if hardware flow control is causing errors in MATLAB®.
Note
If you want to check to see if the device is asserting that it is ready to receive data, set the FlowControl to none. Once you connect to the device check the PinStatus structure for ClearToSend. If ClearToSend is off, there is a problem on the remote device side. If ClearToSend is on, there is a hardware FlowControl device prepared to receive data and you can execute fprintf.
Note
To get a list of options you can use on a function, press the Tab key after entering a function on the MATLAB command line. The list expands, and you can scroll to choose a property or value. For information about using this advanced tab completion feature, see Using Tab Completion for Functions.
Synchronous Versus Asynchronous Write Operations
By default, text is written to the instrument synchronously and the command line is blocked until the operation completes. You can perform an asynchronous write by configuring the mode input argument to be async. For asynchronous writes,
 - The BytesToOutput property value is continuously updated to reflect the number of bytes in the output buffer.
 - The callback function specified for the OutputEmptyFcn property is executed when the output buffer is empty.
You can determine whether an asynchronous write operation is in progress with the TransferStatus property.
Rules for Completing a Write Operation with fprintf
A write operation using fprintf completes when
 - The specified data is written.
 - The time specified by the Timeout property passes.
Rules for Writing the Terminator
For serial port, TCPIP, UDP, and VISA-serial objects, all occurrences of \n in cmd are replaced with the Terminator property value. Therefore, when using the default format %s\n, all commands written to the instrument will end with this property value.
For GPIB, VISA-GPIB, VISA-VXI, and VISA-GPIB-VXI objects, all occurrences of \n in cmd are replaced with the EOSCharCode property value if the EOSMode property is set to write or read&write. For example, if EOSMode is set to write and EOSCharCode is set to LF, then all occurrences of \n are replaced with a line feed character. Additionally, for GPIB objects, the End Or Identify (EOI) line is asserted when the terminator is written out.
Note
The terminator required by your instrument will be described in its documentation.
Version History
Introduced before R2006a
expand all
Not recommended starting in R2021b
Not recommended starting in R2021a
Not recommended starting in R2020b
Not recommended starting in R2019b


Node: Showing Pictures, Next: , Previous: Modifying Pictures, Up: Picture Reference
void show ([string text = "", [bool stop = false]]) Function
Prints information about the Picture to standard output.
show() first prints the string "Showing Picture:" to standard output, followed by text, if the latter is not the empty string ("")1. Then it calls, prints the size of shapes and labels, and the value of do_labels. Then it calls show() on each of the Shapes on shapes. Since show() is a virtual function in class Shape, the appropriate show() is called for each Shape, i.e., Point::show() for a Point, Path::show() for a Path, etc. If stop is true, execution stops and the user is requested to type to continue. Finally, the string "Done showing picture." is printed to standard output.
void show_transform ([string text = "Transform from Picture:"]) Function
Calls, passing text as the argument to the latter function.
 1. Actually, it's printed to standard output even if it is the empty string, you just don't see it.


text:
SUSAN MANGO TRACKS ORGAN DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORM
September 17th, 2009
After developmental biologist Susan Mango received a surprise call announcing her MacArthur Foundation Fellowship (casually dubbed a "genius grant"), congratulatory emails streamed in from New York, London, and Washington DC - places she had lived as her father, who was from Turkey, followed his career as a Byzantine historian.
The MacArthur Foundation cited her discoveries of the genes that control the formation and physiology of the digestive track - and that are often mutated in cancer and birth defects - and the role of the digestive track in starvation.
But the foundation also noted Mango's "infectious enthusiasm for science" and "clarity in thinking" - attributes that she has cultivated since her introduction to high school biology. "My teacher taught science as an intriguing puzzle to tussle with, not a collection of facts," Mango recalls. "I loved the interplay of imagination and logic in science. I liked to ask questions about things that seem simple and then dream up experiments to test them. Inevitably, the experiments will give you unexpected results that prod you to formulate a new model to explain them and to try new experiments. It's fun."
The fun continued when, as a biochemistry major at Harvard, she encountered Professor Richard Losick perching on a stool in freshman biology and brimming with "a sense of wonder of at the marvel of life."
From Science to Art and Back Again
"I loved science but I was also interested in the arts," Mango says. "My dream was to combine them in a career in art conservation." After graduating, she worked among Rembrandts and other masters at the National Gallery of Art and the Smithsonian, puzzling over questions like whether a white fuzz on the oil paint represented mold or a chemical precipitate and then what do about it.
But she missed the logic of science, so she entered Princeton University for a Ph.D. in molecular biology and then concentrated on organ development as a postdoc in Judith Kimball's lab at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. "Lots of people were working on how individual cells were programmed, but few people were studying organogenesis. I wanted to know how cells organized themselves into groups with the specialized shapes and functions of an entire organ." She was one of the first researchers to apply forward genetics - identifying mutations that produce a certain phenotype - to organogenesis.
Mango focused this work on the pharynx, or foregut (analogous to our throat, stomach and liver) in the tiny roundworm, Caenorhabditis elegans. When hatched, C. elegans has just 550 cells, and fewer than 100 comprise the developing pharynx. "That's an advantage because you get to know the individual cells and you can track how they turn genes on and off, change shape, and take on the functions of the pharynx," she notes.
She continued these studies at her own lab at University of Utah, where she became the H.A. and Edna Benning Professor of Oncological Sciences in the Huntsman Cancer Institute. Why oncology? "Many of the genes that govern pharynx development also get mutated in cancer, so we can gain insights into the major pathways that initiate cancer by studying their normal roles in worms."
Now, she is back in the Molecular and Cellular Biology Department as a newly appointed professor (and Losick's lab neighbor), happy to be amid the MCB's collegial atmosphere along with seven of her lab members from Utah.
A Beautiful Phenotype
After 13 years of research, Mango measures one special milestone: the birth of her son, now 10 years old. But she recalls several "Aha!" moments of unexpected results.
The first eureka moment came as a postdoc in the early 1990s when observing a plate of mutant worms that lacked just one gene, Pha-4, named for its role in pharynx development. These mutants had no pharynx but otherwise looked fine - until they died from malnourishment. "It was a beautiful phenotype, and I was fascinated that one gene could affect a whole group of cells that make up an entire organ. I wanted to know what Pha-4 did!"
Then in her own lab at Utah she discovered that the Pha-4 protein is a transcription factor that directly regulates an unexpectedly long list of other genes - that helped explained how the worm might lose an entire organ just by losing Pha-4.
Timing the Developmental Sequence
But just as children must do one-year-old behaviors before they do two-year old ones, a developing organ must turn on one set of genes before another. How does Pha-4 regulate these sets in the proper temporal sequence?
Typically, transcription factors head a hierarchy: Gene A turns on Gene B, which turns on Gene C, in a linear cascade. But Mango discovered that the Pha-4 works more like an umbrella, covering many gene targets all at once - but with different degrees of affinity. Like burrs on different textures, Pha-4 clings to some target genes stronger and longer, while it falls off more loosely bound genes sooner.
To unravel how the Pha-4 burrs bounce on and off of different gene targets to promote different activity during different developmental stages, Mango helped devise a method combining microarray analyses and computer algorithms that is now used by many other researchers.
During this time, Mango realized that Pha-4 resembles an ancient gene called FoxA that is present in all animals - and that is highly over-expressed in breast and prostate cancers. "It's very exciting because FoxA is always involved in forming the gut, but its downstream target genes are just now becoming known," Mango explains.
Metabolism and Development
Among the seemingly simple questions a researcher intrigued by logical puzzles might ask is how our digestive track deals with nutrition and mobilizes the machinery for keeping our metabolism going. "Many animals, including humans, use genes in their gut to sense the amount of available food and to adjust their growth and development, including sexual maturity and aging," Mango says. "We know that starvation during development can delay sexual maturity, for example, but that caloric restriction can also prolong lifespan."
Also, the growing evidence of links between nutrition and the prevalence of cancer in the developed world makes her wonder if "our comfy well-fed lifestyle may help fuel cancer cells." So she is tussling with that question by studying how food feeds into the Pha-4/FoxA pathway that influences development, longevity, and cancer. In 2008 she found an important clue when she showed that a gene called TOR, which slows aging in the worm and other animals, works through Pha-4/FoxA. Increasing TOR activity decreased Pha-4/FoxA activity downstream, for example. This interaction may help explain why worms fed a high-calorie diet had decreased lifespan and, conversely, why restricting calories lengthened lifespan.
Mango continues to investigate how the pharynx develops as an organ. How, for instance, does its tubular structure of tightly connected epithelial cells form? Surprisingly, the worm requires none of the genes considered critical for forming epithelial cells in vertebrates.
"We and others knocked out all those genes but the worm still made a pharynx," she recalls. "So we are looking for the responsible genes by screening mutants that can't form the epithelia to see what genes they are missing." Then she will figure out how these cells organize themselves into tubes, something she can literally watch happen in these tiny transparent embryos.
Pluripotency After All
But exactly how does the worm assign a group of still undifferentiated cells to a certain fate, such as becoming the pharynx? Previously, C. elegans researchers had charted how each embryonic cell divides and differentiates into various cell types in perfectly predictable and reproducible ways. Researchers thought the embryonic cell's fate was predetermined and immutable rather than plastic and pluripotent as in higher organisms.
"But we now realize that each early cell has many possible fates and lots of flexibility," she says. "It could become muscle or gut or nerve. Only after it starts going down a particular path does it cut off other options. This means that many of the discoveries related to pluripotency in stem cells also apply to the worm embryo. Now the question is how do the worm's cells make the predictable decision on what they will become? What guides them so that we always get the same outcome?"
Mango is convinced that Pha-4/FoxA is part of the answer, and she is formulating new models and new experiments to test them in her new lab at MCB in hopes of discovering the rest of the mechanisms controlling this amazing process.
Although she no longer works in the art world, Mango still spends time in art museums, and with pictures in her head. "There's a visual aspect to biology," she explains, "and I often imagine how processes happen visually, like seeing a Japanese anime movie of blobs of proteins on wiggly lines of DNA."


text:
Reason #1: The Dark Ages of Ballroom Dance
The less important reason is that for many people, the term "following" still carries a negative connotation left over from the early 20th century.
The original ballroom emphasis toward partnering was best, as reflected in these quotes from the 19th century:
Recollect that the desire of imparting pleasure, especially to the ladies, is one of the essential qualifications of a gentleman. The truly polite man is always mindful of the comfort of those around him. — Prof. D. L. Carpenter, Philadelphia, 1854
Unfortunately, the 1920s through 1950s saw the emergence of a particularly disagreeable phase of ballroom dance, when the term lead meant "command" and follow meant "obey".
Soon after American women won the right to vote, many dance manuals changed their tone, proposing that the man was still the "boss" on the dance floor, while the "weaker sex" had to "submit entirely" to the man. Advice for women was that, "she must not have a mind of her own," and that "you don't have much to say in the matter at all."
You might be amused to read these quotations, which are here: Partnering Before and After the Vote.
But that was a long time ago — the "dark ages" of ballroom dance. Fortunately we've become much more enlightened since then, as friendliness and respect have returned to the dance floor.


Skip to main content
Stop using validations for checking constraints!
 If you run your APEX application - like a Form based on the EMP table - and test if you can change the value of Department to something else then the standard values of 10, 20, 30 or 40, you'll get a nice error message like this:
But it isn't really nice, is it? So what do a lot of developers do? They create a validation (just) in order to show a nicer, better worded, error message like "This is not a valid department". And what you then just did is writing code twice : Once in the database as a (foreign key) check constraint and once as a sql statement in your validation. And we all know : writing code twice is usually not a good idea - and executing the same query twice is not enhancing your performance!
So how can we transform that ugly error message into something nice? By combining two APEX features: the Error Handling Function and the Text Messages!
Start with copying the example of an Error Handling Function from the APEX documentation. Create this function in your database schema and define this as the Error Handling Function for your application:
When you put this in place, the message gets a bit better - the ORA-02291 is removed - but still not that you would like to show to your customer.
Now lets add a few lines to that Error Handling Function in the part that handles the contraint violations. The original code is this:
 l_constraint_name := apex_error.extract_constraint_name (
 p_error => p_error );
 select message
 into l_result.message
 from constraint_lookup
 where constraint_name = l_constraint_name;
 exception when no_data_found
end if;
Now change the select from the constraint_lookup table (which we don't have anyway) into:
 l_constraint_name := apex_error.extract_constraint_name (
 p_error => p_error );
 l_result.message := apex_lang.message( l_constraint_name );
 if l_result.message = l_constraint_name then
 apex_lang.create_message( p_application_id => v('APP_ID')
 , p_name => l_constraint_name
 , p_language => apex_util.get_preference
 , p_message_text => 'TODO'
 end if;
end if;
So the first step is to "translate" the message using the constraint name ( e.g. EMP_DEPT_FK) as a parameter. If that value is not found the apex_lang.message will simply return the parameter value. So if that happens, the procedure apex_lang.create_message is called to create a Text Message entry with a default text "TODO'.
When we run our test case again, the first time we get an error that is only showing the constraint name as a message.
If we immediately press the Save button again, we get a different message.
Now head over to the APEX Designer, Shared Components, Text Messages and look for the messages you still need to change:
And after adding a meaningful message, run your test again.
So without writing any additional validation code on your pages, you can show a nice, user-friendly error message by just using the power of APEX and the Oracle Database.
Of course this is just a simple example of what you can do with an Error Handling Function: just to name an example or two, you can also send an email from that function or do a REST call from one database to another.
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Almost every APEX Developer knows that JavaScript and CSS belongs in separate files and (in 99% of the use cases) not somewhere in your Page properties. If you have this code in separate files it is easier to use them in a Version Control System (SVN or Git) - if the files are outside of APEX. And the code you store in these files can be reused, in contrast to the stuff you store on Page level. In a lot of environments it is harder to use external files, because deployment of these files to the appropriate location on a webserver requires special privileges that not everybody has. In those cases storing these files as Static Application Files or Static Workspace Files might be a better solution. It makes deployment easier, because these files will be exported and imported as part of the application. You can't accidentally forget about them. But working with these files is quite a pain. When you need to edit something you have to download that file, make the changes, upload it again
Filtering in the APEX Interactive Grid
Remember Oracle Forms? One of the nice features of Forms was the use of GLOBAL items. More or less comparable to Application Items in APEX. These GLOBALS where often used to pre-query data. For example you queried Employee 200 in Form A, then opened Form B and on opening that Form the Employee field is filled with that (GLOBAL) value of 200 and the query was executed. So without additional keys strokes or entering data, when switching to another Form a user would immediately see the data in the same context. And they loved that. In APEX you can create a similar experience using Application Items (or an Item on the Global Page) for Classic Reports (by setting a Default Value to a Search Item) and Interactive Reports (using the APEX_IR.ADD_FILTER procedure). But what about the Interactive Grid? There is no APEX_IG package... so the first thing we have to figure out is how can we set a filter programmatically? Start with creating an Interactive Grid based upon the good old Employ
Adding items to your Interactive Grid Toolbar
The APEX Interactive Grid uses the Toolbar widget to create the default Toolbar showing the Search box, Actions menu, Save button etc. And since quite a while there is a nice Plugin " Extend IG Toolbar " by Marko Goricki that makes it very easy to add additional buttons to the Toolbar. But what if you need more than a button? Inspecting the contents of widget.toolbar.js, you can easily spot there can be added more to the Toolbar than just a button: The type of control, available values: "STATIC", "TEXT", "SELECT", "BUTTON", "MENU", "RADIO_GROUP", "TOGGLE". The first example will show a way to easily switch from one filter to another. Of course we could use the standard functionality and create two different Report views, but using a Radio Group on the Toolbar gives a more "Tab" like user experience. So how can we create a Radio Group that looks like a switch in the Toolbar? In


) and their subsumption hierarchy describe the expression power of the language in which the ontology is expressed.
Ford Explorer is-a-subclass-of 4-Wheel Drive Car, which in turn is-a-subclass-of Car.
An important type of relation is the subsumption relation (is-a-superclass-of, the converse of is-a, is-a-subtype-of or is-a-subclass-of). This defines which objects are classified by which class. For example we have already seen that the class Ford Explorer is-a-subclass-of 4-Wheel Drive Car, which in turn is-a-subclass-of Car.
The addition of the is-a-subclass-of relationships creates a taxonomy; a tree-like structure (or, more generally, a partially ordered set) that clearly depicts how objects relate to one another. In such a structure, each object is the 'child' of a 'parent class' (Some languages restrict the is-a-subclass-of relationship to one parent for all nodes, but many do not).
Another common type of relations is the mereology relation, written as part-of, that represents how objects combine together to form composite objects. For example, if we extended our example ontology to include concepts like Steering Wheel, we would say that a "Steering Wheel is-by-definition-a-part-of-a Ford Explorer" since a steering wheel is always one of the components of a Ford Explorer. If we introduce meronymy relationships to our ontology, the hierarchy that emerges is no longer able to be held in a simple tree-like structure since now members can appear under more than one parent or branch. Instead this new structure that emerges is known as a directed acyclic graph.
As well as the standard is-a-subclass-of and is-by-definition-a-part-of-a relations, ontologies often include additional types of relations that further refine the semantics they model. Ontologies might distinguish between different categories of relation types. For example:
 - relation types for relations between classes
 - relation types for relations between individuals
 - relation types for relations between an individual and a class
 - relation types for relations between a single object and a collection
 - relation types for relations between collections
Relation types are sometimes domain-specific and are then used to store specific kinds of facts or to answer particular types of questions. If the definitions of the relation types are included in an ontology, then the ontology defines its own ontology definition language. An example of an ontology that defines its own relation types and distinguishes between various categories of relation types is the Gellish ontology.
For example in the domain of automobiles, we might need a made-in type relationship which tells us where each car is built. So the Ford Explorer is made-in Louisville. The ontology may also know that Louisville is-located-in Kentucky and Kentucky is-classified-as-a state and is-a-part-of the U.S.. Software using this ontology could now answer a question like "which cars are made in the U.S.?"
References [edit]
 1. ^ See Class (set theory), Class (computer science), and Class (philosophy), each of which is relevant but not identical to the notion of a "class" here.
 2. ^ Note that the names given to the classes mentioned here are entirely a matter of convention.


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Using electrodes from different manufacturers
If welding is to be performed according to a welding procedure specification, it is possible that changing the electrode manufacturer will invalidate approval of the procedure to the code/standard on which it was based. The manufacturer or 'trade name' of the electrode can be classed as an essential variable in a given weld procedure. The extent to which re-qualification is necessary will vary from code to code.
For example, in EN ISO 15614-1[1] and in the UK standard BS 4515:2004[2], approval is only restricted to the specific make of electrodeif impact testing is required as part of the procedure qualification. On the other hand, DNV OS-F101[3] states that on changing the brand of consumable, the welding procedure is to be considered invalid, and would need to be re-qualified (see table C-2).
In ASME IX[4] (QW-404.12, supplementary essential variable), the trade name is considered only if the electrode is not covered by an SFA specification or if the designation has a 'G' suffix within an SFA specification. In such cases and if impact testing is required, a change in the trade designation of the filler metal requires requalification.
If the code/standard permits use of another electrode brand, or if welding is not being carried out to a specific procedure, provided there have been no problems with their use, it is still advisable to stick with the consumables used in the code/standard or that which is normally used. This is because electrode classification does not take into account 'useability'. Different brands of electrode (of the same specification) often weld differently, and many welders are sensitive to differences in quality and operating characteristics of electrodes from various manufacturers. On occasion, differences have been identified in electrode performance for the same brand or source of electrode coating materials, which has resulted from a change in the plant where the electrodes are made. Whilst there may be no way of avoiding this, for the other reasons highlighted above the adage 'if it isn't broke, don't try to fix it' is sometimes the best advice regarding changing electrode brands.
 1. BS EN ISO 15614-1:2004+A2:2012 'Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - Welding procedure test'.
 2. BS 4515-1:2009 'Specification for welding of steel pipelines on land and offshore'.
 3. Det Norske Veritas, Offshore Standard DNV-VOS-F101 'Submarine Pipeline Systems', October 2010.
 4. ASME B&PV, Section IX, 'Welding and Brazing Qualifications', 2011a edition.
For more information please email:


Stress in a name
Stress in a word is often on the last syllable (stress shown in bold below).
ka = door
araba = car
pazar = market, bazaar
Pazar = Sunday (= market day)
With composite words, one of the sub-words takes the stress:
Pazartesi = Monday (literally: Pazar + ertesi = the day after Sunday)
As suffixes get appended, the stress still remains on the last syllable, unless the suffix is an unstressed suffix:
zel = beatiful
güzellik = beauty
güzelliğin = your beauty
güzelliğinden = from your beauty
In proper names such as city and country names, the second last syllable mostly takes the stress:
 - Istanbul
 - İzmir
 - Edirne
 - Nikaragua
 - İngiltere
 - Yugoslavya
 - Ankara
İstanbul from space:
- left: Europe, right: Asia
- north: Black Sea, south: Marmara Sea
- in between: the Bosphorus
The old İstanbul is a little below the center of the photo.


text:
Mediterreanean Weather Handbook for Sailors
Mediterranean Weather Handbook for Sailors' is an indispensable reference providing a general understanding of the various phenomena concurring to determine weather in the Mediterranean as well as useful forecasting aids. It is written for sailors, not meteorologists; theory is kept to a minimum, while every effort is made to provide clear interpretative tools that are helpful in understanding actual weather and forecasting. Roberto Ritossa is a meteorology expert and this handbook is a result of many years research on Mediterranean weather patterns.
Last places available


text:
The Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) Learning Platform was developed within the context of a programme being implemented by UNESCO entitled Our Rights, Our Lives, Our Future, (O3). The purpose of this Platform is to encourage knowledge sharing and learning across countries, connecting different stakeholders, including but not limited to, policy makers, teachers, health workers, opinion leaders, parent/guardians, so that they can share experiences, resources, and lessons in promoting the health and well-being of adolescents and young people. The Learning Platform therefore provides a unique opportunity for countries to exchange and strengthen the delivery of good quality Comprehensive Sexuality Education.
The platform has a digital library which has several resources on Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) including CSE curricular and CSE teaching and learning material; as well as an 'Ask and Share' forum where members can interact and engage in discussion on key issues.
Representatives from local and national governments, educational institutions, donor organizations, civil society organisations; policy makers; teachers; health workers; religious and traditional leaders; learners, and any interested individuals. The platform can be accessed by individuals from any part of the world.


text:
Community benefits go far beyond charity care
Charity care spending flat among top hospitals (January 6, 2018) gives readers an inaccurate and incomplete picture of how hospitals and health systems provide tremendous benefit to both patients and their communities, and do so while facing many challenges in delivering care.
In addition to providing high quality care 24/7, hospitals and health systems provide enormous value to their local communities. Charity care, which is care provided for free or at reduced prices to low income patients, is only one part of how a hospital benefits its community. It does not account for the total community benefit provided, including the many programs and services that hospitals tailor to meet the specific needs of their particular community. These include programs that go well beyond the mission of hospitals to treat life-threatening injuries and diseases, and include programs that promote health and wellness to help prevent chronic conditions, tackle social detriments of health and disparities in care, address identified community health needs along with strengthening community partnerships that promote well-being.
An Ernst and Young report released last October demonstrates that for every dollar invested in non-profit hospitals and health systems through the federal tax exemption, they deliver $11 in benefits back to their communities in the form of health care services. No other health care sector can claim anything close in terms of providing such value for the public benefit it receives.
The article also fails to adequately highlight the financial challenges many hospitals currently face, including the fact that one out of every four hospitals in America operates in the red. Since 2010, hospitals have absorbed numerous payment reductions for services, estimated as high as $148.75 billion.
The fact is that hospitals and health systems deliver a vast array of community benefits that go far beyond charity care. And, many do so in the face of dire financial challenges because of their unwavering commitment to the health and well-being of their communities.
President and CEO
American Hospital Association


text:
Topical use of B. lactis HN019 promotes a protective effect against alveolar bone and connective tissue attachment losses.
J Periodontol. 2016 Sep 23:1-20. Epub 2016 Sep 23. PMID: 27660886
Benefits of Bifidobacterium Animalis Subsp Lactis Probiotic in Experimental Periodontitis.
BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the effects of topical administration of probiotic bacteria (PROB) of the genus Bifidobacterium on experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats.METHODS: 32 rats were divided into groups C (control; without EP), EP (EP only), C-HN019 (control+PROB) and EP-HN019 (EP+PROB). On day 0 of the experiment, animals of groups EP and EP-HN019 received cotton ligatures around mandibular first molars (MFM). In groups C-HN019 and EP-HN019, 1mL of suspensions containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis (B. lactis) HN019 was topically administered in the subgingival region of MFM on days 0, 3 and 7. In groups C and EP, topical administrations were performed using a sham suspension (without PROB). All animals were euthanized at day 14. Gingival tissue, hemi-mandibles and oral biofilm were collected. Data were statistically analyzed (P


data-object-0.2.0: Represent hierachichal structures, called objects in JSON.Source codeContentsIndex
Data.Object.Scalar
Synopsis
data Scalar
= Numeric Rational
| Text Text
| Binary ByteString
| Bool Bool
| Timestamp UTCTime
| Null
type ScalarObject = Object String Scalar
toScalarObject :: ConvertSuccess a ScalarObject => a -> ScalarObject
fromScalarObject :: ConvertAttempt ScalarObject a => ScalarObject -> Attempt a
module Data.Object.Base
Documentation
data Scalar Source
Constructors
Numeric Rational
Text Text
Binary ByteString
Bool Bool
Timestamp UTCTime
Null
show/hide Instances
type ScalarObject = Object String ScalarSource
toScalarObject :: ConvertSuccess a ScalarObject => a -> ScalarObjectSource
toObject specialized for ScalarObjects
fromScalarObject :: ConvertAttempt ScalarObject a => ScalarObject -> Attempt aSource
fromObject specialized for ScalarObjects
module Data.Object.Base
Produced by Haddock version 2.6.0


text:
Repetition of key sentences and key phrases is extremely important in a grant application. The key sentences that introduce each subsection of the background and the description of the project in the case for support should be repeated in the introduction and also in the summary. So each key sentence should appear at least three times.
Some key phrases should be repeated more than three times because they occur in more than one key sentence. For example, imagine you are writing a grant in which one of the sub-projects will characterise the relationship between motherhood and apple pie. The phrase 'the relationship between motherhood and apple pie' will be in two of your key sentences. One will explain why we need to characterise 'the relationship between motherhood and apple pie'. The other will introduce the description of the sub-project that characterises the relationship between motherhood and apple pie.
Most academics accept that it is helpful to repeat key sentences. But most of them reject the idea that the repetition should use the same words in the same order. So I want to explain now why it is more effective to use the same words in the same order whenever you repeat a phrase or sentence.
Effectiveness is much more important here than correctness. Few would disagree with the assertion that exact repetition is a more correct use of English than paraphrasing but it is much more important to think about how you can increase the effectiveness of a grant application by using repetition in the way that I recommend and how you will fail to increase effectiveness in the same way if you change the words you use or their order.
In thinking about the effectiveness of a grant application, we should consider who will read it and how. Committee members and referees have different needs and derive different benefits from repetition.
The most important readers are the committee members that make the decision. All of them will have a vote in deciding whether or not the grant application gets funded. Few, if any, will understand the details of the research topic. All of them will read the summary and most of them will stop there. Some will try to read the application and understand it. Usually two members of the committee, the designated members, are tasked with reading the application and leading the committee discussion. They will try hard to understand the application, but they will find it very difficult and they won't have much time – maybe an hour. Any help you give them will be gratefully received. Although most of the rest of the committee will not read the application they will probably glance through it during the discussion.
There are three ways that repetition is particularly helpful to committee members:-
- Repeating the key sentences means that all the committee members will be likely to remember them. Even those who just glance through the application once will read the key sentences three times. This means that there is a very good chance that they will remember them and understand the logic of your case for support – what outcome your project will achieve, why it is important, what things you need to know in order to achieve the outcome and how you will achieve them. If you repeat the key sentences but substantially change the wording then people will be less likely to remember them. Every change in wording is likely to be interpreted as a change in meaning, leading to potential confusion.
- Repeating key phrases in the sentences that state what we need to know and what the sub-projects will discover makes it very clear that the project will discover exactly what we need to know. In this way the key phrases act like labels for the different parts of the project.
- Repeating the key phrases enables committee members to learn them and to have a sense of what they mean. Humans learn the meaning of new phrases by encountering them repeated in different contexts. Committee members who read your grant application carefully will get the sense that they know what it means, even if they don't. If you vary the wording of the key phrases it becomes harder to learn them and less clear to the reader that you mean the same thing.
The referees are, notionally at least, experts in the research topic. They will read the application, write an analysis of its strengths and weaknesses and give it a score, which the committee will consider, but not necessarily follow. The referees are likely to read your application more carefully than the committee members and to have a deeper understanding of the topic. However, they will want to assess whether the detailed content of your case for support actually supports the assertions made in the key sentences. Repetition helps them do this in two stages.
- Reading the key sentences in the summary and in the introduction allows them to create a mental list of questions to which they want to find answers in the case for support.
- Repeating the key sentences at the head of each subsection of the case for support guides the referees to the answers. Again, the key phrases act like labels. For example, a referee that has some doubts about whether your research approach really will characterise the relationship between motherhood and apple pie will be guided straight to the place where you describe the relevant part of your research approach by the phrase the relationship between motherhood and apple pie. If you decide to change any of the words in the key phrase, not only does it become less effective as a label, it also introduces the possibility that you are seeking to do a piece of research without having told the reader why it is important to do it.
In sum, repetition of key sentences and key phrases makes a grant application more effective in four different ways, provided that you use the same words in the same order.


}
Using the Adafruit Library
Since the PWM Servo Driver is controlled over I2C, its super easy to use with any microcontroller or microcomputer. In this demo we'll show using it with the Arduino IDE but the C++ code can be ported easily
Install Adafruit PCA9685 library
To begin reading sensor data, you will need to install the Adafruit_PWMServo library (code on our github repository). It is available from the Arduino library manager so we recommend using that.
From the IDE open up the library manager...
And type in adafruit pwm to locate the library. Click Install
We also have a great tutorial on Arduino library installation at:
_URL_
Test with the Example Code:
First make sure all copies of the Arduino IDE are closed.
Next open the Arduino IDE and select File->Examples->Adafruit_PWMServoDriver->Servo. This will open the example file in an IDE window.
If using a Breakout:
Connect the driver board and servo as shown on the previous page. Don't forget to provide power to both Vin (3-5V logic level) and V+ (5V servo power). Check the green LED is lit!
If using a Shield:
Plug the shield into your Arduino. Don't forget you will also have to provide 5V to the V+ terminal block. Both red and green LEDs must be lit.
If using a FeatherWing:
Plug the FeatherWing into your Feather. Don't forget you will also have to provide 5V to the V+ terminal block. Check the green LED is lit!
Connect a Servo
A single servo should be plugged into the PWM #0 port, the first port. You should see the servo sweep back and forth over approximately 180 degrees.
Calibrating your Servos
Servo pulse timing varies between different brands and models. Since it is an analog control circuit, there is often some variation between samples of the same brand and model. For precise position control, you will want to calibrate the minumum and maximum pulse-widths in your code to match known positions of the servo.
Find the Minimum:
Using the example code, edit SERVOMIN until the low-point of the sweep reaches the minimum range of travel. It is best to approach this gradually and stop before the physical limit of travel is reached.
Find the Maximum:
Again using the example code, edit SERVOMAX until the high-point of the sweep reaches the maximum range of travel. Again, is best to approach this gradually and stop before the physical limit of travel is reached.
Use caution when adjusting SERVOMIN and SERVOMAX. Hitting the physical limits of travel can strip the gears and permanently damage your servo.
Converting from Degrees to Pulse Length
The Arduino "map()" function is an easy way to convert between degrees of rotation and your calibrated SERVOMIN and SERVOMAX pulse lengths. Assuming a typical servo with 180 degrees of rotation; once you have calibrated SERVOMIN to the 0-degree position and SERVOMAX to the 180 degree position, you can convert any angle between 0 and 180 degrees to the corresponding pulse length with the following line of code:
Download: file
pulselength = map(degrees, 0, 180, SERVOMIN, SERVOMAX);
Library Reference
setPWMFreq(freq)
Description
This function can be used to adjust the PWM frequency, which determines how many full 'pulses' per second are generated by the IC. Stated differently, the frequency determines how 'long' each pulse is in duration from start to finish, taking into account both the high and low segments of the pulse.
Frequency is important in PWM, since setting the frequency too high with a very small duty cycle can cause problems, since the 'rise time' of the signal (the time it takes to go from 0V to VCC) may be longer than the time the signal is active, and the PWM output will appear smoothed out and may not even reach VCC, potentially causing a number of problems.
Arguments
 - freq: A number representing the frequency in Hz, between 40 and 1600
Example
The following code will set the PWM frequency to 1000Hz:
Download: file
pwm.setPWMFreq(1000)
setPWM(channel, on, off)
Description
This function sets the start (on) and end (off) of the high segment of the PWM pulse on a specific channel. You specify the 'tick' value between 0..4095 when the signal will turn on, and when it will turn off. Channel indicates which of the 16 PWM outputs should be updated with the new values.
Arguments
 - channel: The channel that should be updated with the new values (0..15)
 - on: The tick (between 0..4095) when the signal should transition from low to high
 - off:the tick (between 0..4095) when the signal should transition from high to low
Example
The following example will cause channel 15 to start low, go high around 25% into the pulse (tick 1024 out of 4096), transition back to low 75% into the pulse (tick 3072), and remain low for the last 25% of the pulse:
Download: file
pwm.setPWM(15, 1024, 3072)
Using as GPIO
There's also some special settings for turning the pins fully on or fully off
You can set the pin to be fully on with
pwm.setPWM(pin, 4096, 0);
You can set the pin to be fully off with
pwm.setPWM(pin, 0, 4096);
Python & CircuitPython
It's easy to use the PCA9685 sensor with Python or CircuitPython and the Adafruit CircuitPython PCA9685 module. This module allows you to easily write Python code that control servos and PWM with this breakout.
You can use this sensor with any CircuitPython microcontroller board or with a computer that has GPIO and Python thanks to Adafruit_Blinka, our CircuitPython-for-Python compatibility library.
CircuitPython Microcontroller Wiring
First wire up a PCA9685 to your board exactly as shown on the previous pages for Arduino. Here's an example of wiring a Feather M0 to the sensor with I2C:
 - Board 3V to sensor VCC
 - Board GND to sensor GND
 - Board SCL to sensor SCL
 - Board SDA to sensor SDA
Python Computer Wiring
Since there's dozens of Linux computers/boards you can use we will show wiring for Raspberry Pi. For other platforms, please visit the guide for CircuitPython on Linux to see whether your platform is supported
Here's the Raspberry Pi wired with I2C:
 - Pi 3V3 to sensor VCC
 - Pi GND to sensor GND
 - Pi SCL to sensor SCL
 - Pi SDA to sensor SDA
Don't try to power your servos from the RasPi or Linux board's 5V power, you can easily cause a power supply brown-out and mess up your Pi! Use a separate 5v 2A or 4A adapter
5V 2A (2000mA) switching power supply - UL Listed
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Need a lot of 5V power? This switching supply gives a clean regulated 5V output at up to 4 Amps (4000mA). 110 or 240 input, so it works in any country. The plugs are "US...
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CircuitPython Installation of PCA9685 and ServoKit Libraries
You'll need to install the Adafruit CircuitPython PCA9685 library on your CircuitPython board.
First make sure you are running the latest version of Adafruit CircuitPython for your board.
Next you'll need to install the necessary libraries to use the hardware--carefully follow the steps to find and install these libraries from Adafruit's CircuitPython library bundle. Our CircuitPython starter guide has a great page on how to install the library bundle.
For non-express boards like the Trinket M0 or Gemma M0, you'll need to manually install the necessary libraries from the bundle:
 - adafruit_pca9685.mpy
 - adafruit_bus_device
 - adafruit_register
 - adafruit_motor
 - adafruit_servokit
Before continuing make sure your board's lib folder or root filesystem has the adafruit_pca9685.mpy, adafruit_register, adafruit_servokit, adafruit_motor and adafruit_bus_device files and folders copied over.
Next connect to the board's serial REPL so you are at the CircuitPython