text:
So this gets complicated. Here is a good link explaining some of the differences between rating systems.
PAR Watts is a good way of measuring how much radiative energy is being produced in the relevant wavelengths per plant. You can figure it by taking the raw bulb spectrum and weighting it by the PAR plot I linked above.
The problem with this is that the response from a plant from a high vs. low energy photon (for example, blue vs. red) is often the same. The reason this is so is because a fixed energy input is required for a particular chemical process to occur, and all excess energy is wasted, converted into heat, luminescence, or other modes of energy.
An analogy would be me vs. fdd or browndirtwarrior stepping up to that thing at the carnival where you hit the target with the hammer, and it runs up the pole toward the bell. Say the bell is low enough that I can hit it. Then it doesn't matter if fdd or bdw can hit the target harder - we all make the bell ding - and the fact that they hit it harder might make the bell ring louder or the thing come harder back down the pole. All that matters in the end is that the bell dinged. I am red light, and the other two are, say, blue light.
The reason that this skews PAR watts is that watts is a unit based on energy. So, if we look at the PAR based on quantum efficiency (% absorbed/used photons vs. photons striking the plant), the white line here, and find that I'm 680nm (red), the others are 440nm (blue), but that we have the same quantum efficiency, what does that mean? It means that we induce the same average number of chemical reactions per photon, or dings per swing in our analogy. When you calculate PAR Watts, however, it tells a different story.
Since light's energy is inversely proportional to wavelength, the blue light has more energy. To be precise, it is in our case 680/440=1.54 x as much energy as the red light.
This means that when computing PAR Watts, the blue photon counts 1.5x as much as the red one, despite the fact that they induce the same reaction. By looking at the PAR plot, however, you can see that most red light is roughly 2x as efficient, so this is partially compensated for.
These differences, however, have led others to compute the meaningful radiation in terms of PFF - photosynthetic photon flux - the number of photons that are meaningful. This eliminates the aforementioned efficiency complications.
Anyway, it's complicated, but PAR Watts are not an altogether bad way to measure the amount of meaningful light. I'll convert those spectra to PAR Watts if I get around to it... or blazed enough.
The one really useful thing PUR can account for, however, is that some plants max out in certain energies. So even if green has 10% efficiency, a plant can only use so much of it per unit area and then it doesn't give a crap. Otherwise, you could just load up on a billion green lights and still grow great pot.
Until PUR spectra are available for cannabis, it's not practically useful. In addition, this method of rating lights was introduced back in 78 in one research paper. If I had a dollar for every scientist in my field who wanted to reformulate their own definition for the problem they're addressing - complete with their own fancy acronym that they'd like to see catch on - I"d have a secretary typing this for me.
For the most part, I'm finding that it's used by the government for development of LEDs (as reported by the commercial vendor below), but being championed by the company that makes PURple bulbs. Besides that, there really isn't much information on it at all. No wiki = no cookie.
I think that with the basics and common sense - don't try to overcome spectral limitations with raw power - PAR's about as good as PUR.
This question cannot be answered meaningfully without more information - how big, what kind of growth you want... why you would only grow one plant? I would assume when someone says 'the least' they are concerned about spending a few bucks on light. I cannot really identify with that being my primary concern, as opposed to, say, rate and quality of plant growth.


Underscores in floating literals
H. S. Teoh hsteoh at quickfur.ath.cx
Fri Feb 10 16:51:31 PST 2012
As an exercise in D programming, I'm writing a D lexer from scratch,
based on the online specs posted on DPLO. I'm running into what looks
like a discrepancy between the specs and compiler behaviour (I'm using
gdc-4.6.2):
Spec says:
 DecimalFloat:
 LeadingDecimal .
 LeadingDecimal . DecimalDigits
 DecimalDigits . DecimalDigitsNoSingleUS DecimalExponent
 . DecimalInteger
 . DecimalInteger DecimalExponent
 LeadingDecimal DecimalExponent
Based on the 3rd condition above, things like "123._e12" should be
illegal (you can't have only a '_' between '.' and 'e'). However, the
compiler accepts "123._e12".
Furthermore, the spec says:
 DecimalExponent
 DecimalExponentStart DecimalDigitsNoSingleUS
This means "123.e_2" should be accepted, but the compiler says:
 test.d:6: exponent expected
So the question is: am I reading the specs wrong, or is this a compiler
bug, or a spec bug? What *should* the floating literal syntax be?
Does it make sense to treat '_' essentially as a null string when seen
inside a floating literal? If so, "123._e12" should be accepted, and so
should "123.e_2", in which case *both* the spec and the compiler are
wrong.
Also, are multiple consecutive underscores permitted? I.e., is
"1__000__000.0___0" legal?
T
--
First Rule of History: History doesn't repeat itself -- historians merely repeat each other.
More information about the Digitalmars-d mailing list


The majority of quartz crystallises in a hydrothermal environment, the result of rapid cooling of silicon and oxygen in either molten magma flows or within hot thermal vents.
Enhydro quartz is transparent crystalline quartz with water-filled internal cavities. Enclosed in negative voids within the stone, there may be a bubble of air which has evaporated out of the liquid as the growing quartz crystal cooled.
If there is sufficient space enough to allow it, these air bubbles move within the cavity as the stone is rotated.
Liquid filled negative spaces within gems are common, but magnification is usually needed to observe them.
however, in some cases where the stone and the void are large enough, the movement is visible to the naked eye, making such examples highly collectable gem rarities.


text:
Android package file
The Trojan may arrive as a package with the following characteristics:
App for Android Devices (in Japanese)
When the Trojan is being installed, it requests permissions to perform the following actions:
- Check the phone's current state.
- Accesses the list of accounts in the Accounts Service.
- Open network connections.
- Read user's contacts data.
Once installed, the application will display an icon with the text App for Android Devices (in Japanese).
When the Trojan is executed, it displays two fake messages. Firstly, it displays a message stating that the app is initializing and then it displays a message stating that the app is not compatible with the device.
It then collects the following information from the device:
- Device phone number
- Names and email addresses stored in Contacts
The above information is then sent to the following location:
Symantec Security Response encourages all users and administrators to adhere to the following basic security "best practices":

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Logrotate can work on individual files or wildcarded files (*.log, for example) in a specified directory, but does it inherently have the ability to traverse a directory tree of arbitrary depth and process files it finds?
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
up vote 1 down vote accepted
No, it doesn't. You can wildcard the directories though so if your tree has a small-ish known depth you could do something like:
 /a/* /a/*/* /a/*/*/* {
 rotate 5
If you only have logs at the leaf only /a/*/*/* is needed.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


ahandrewh teaches IAT-334interface design
Reading reflection #5 (due June 22)
Remember you only need to complete five reflections over the term. There are ten available.
The "Who Are the Users? (Chapter 2)" (Sharon, 2016) reading is very long: It is approximately 9400 words, or about 47 minutes of reading. In the table of contents please highlight the headings for the sections you think are most important for you to read. Select at least three sections and read those sections.
Once done highlighting, please:
 1. Explain why you selected the highlighted sections for reading.
 2. Explain what you took away from the sections you read.
Your responses can be submitted anytime before the lecture on June 22 to the reading reflection on Canvas.
This reading reflection is worth 4% (4 points) of your final grade.


text:
Definition: Originally a flat spatula for flipping oatcakes on a griddle, the Spurtle is better known as a stick for stirring porridge. Over time, this implement changed shape and began being used specifically for stirring oatmeal and soups. It is similar to a wooden spoon without the bowl which was removed as it tears cooked oats apart. It is in common use throughout Scotland.
Also Known As: Stirring stick
Alternate Spellings: spirtle

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Combustion and Autoignition Modelling in a Turbocharged SI Engine 2016-01-2234
A holistic modelling approach has been employed to predict combustion, cyclic variability and knock propensity of a turbocharged downsized SI engine fuelled with gasoline. A quasi-dimensional, thermodynamic combustion modelling approach has been coupled with chemical kinetics modelling of autoignition using reduced mechanisms for realistic gasoline surrogates. The quasi-dimensional approach allows a fast and appreciably accurate prediction of the effects of operating conditions on the burn-rate and makes it possible to evaluate engine performance. It has also provided an insight into the nature of the turbulent flame as the boost pressure and speed is varied. In order to assess the sensitivity of the end-gas chemical kinetics to cyclic variability, the in-cylinder turbulence and charge composition were perturbed according to a Gaussian distribution. Coupling cyclic variability with autoignition modelling allowed prediction of the autoignition propensity for the entire spectrum of cyclic variations in cylinder pressure.
The models have been validated against engine test data from a technology demonstrator downsized, turbocharged engine. The knock-limited spark advance was predicted for a RON 95 and RON 102 gasoline within 2° of crank angle. This work demonstrates the viability of chemical kinetics for gasoline surrogates coupled with 0-dimensional thermodynamic modelling approach as a fast and reliable development tool for high performance engines.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
A plane that convert CO2 TO O in the air.
The laser plane main job is to save the planet though the from of flight. This plane will be autonomous when flying though the air and will be able to avoid object around it if need. The plane will be powered by solar panels that are place on top of it wings. The solar panels main goal is to keep the plane in the air 24/7. The solar panels will be able to power the lasers. These lasers will convert the CO2 into oxygen. The plane will be able to be controlled by a command center if need when a storm is near by. This plane will tackle the CO2 problem that in the air directly. This will solve many air quality problems.


text:
- 1 Is it best to boil or roast a gammon joint?
- 2 Do you have to boil gammon before roasting?
- 3 What is the best way to cook unsmoked gammon joint?
- 4 What is the difference between gammon and ham joint?
- 5 Do I need to soak a gammon joint before cooking?
- 6 Do you have to boil ham before baking?
- 7 How long does a gammon joint take to cook in the oven?
- 8 How do you keep roast gammon moist?
- 9 How do you cook a small unsmoked gammon joint?
- 10 How long does it take to cook an unsmoked gammon joint?
- 11 How do you cook unsmoked boneless gammon?
- 12 Is ham cooked gammon?
- 13 Does gammon become ham when cooked?
- 14 Is gammon joint processed meat?
- 15 Do you rinse ham before cooking?
- 16 Does boiling gammon remove salt?
- 17 What is the fastest way to get salt out of gammon?
- 18 How do you cook a gammon joint Delia in the oven?
- 19 How do you know if gammon is cooked in the oven?
- 20 How long do you boil a 1KG gammon joint for?
Is it best to boil or roast a gammon joint?
Should I boil ham before roasting it? To ensure the ham stays moist, it's best to boil it for half of the cooking time and then finish the cooking in the oven. It is also possible to boil ham for the entirety of the cooking time. But we find ham cooked this way is best served cold.
Do you have to boil gammon before roasting?
Do you need to boil a gammon before roasting? Not necessarily. However, boiling it first is much quicker and ensures the meat stays moist. But if you prefer not to boil your gammon or you don't have a big enough pan, you can just use the oven.
What is the best way to cook unsmoked gammon joint?
Method. Put the gammon in a large, deep saucepan. Add the tied herbs, onion, carrots, celery, peppercorns and cloves. Pour over enough cold water to cover the meat, then bring to the boil, cover with a lid, and lower to a gentle simmer for 1 hr 15 mins.
What is the difference between gammon and ham joint?
Both gammon and ham are cuts from the hind legs of a pig. Gammon is sold raw and ham is sold ready-to-eat. Gammon has been cured in the same way as bacon, whereas ham has been dry-cured or cooked. Once you've cooked your gammon, it's then called ham.
Do I need to soak a gammon joint before cooking?
- First soak the gammon to remove the excess salt. Talk to your butcher about the cure they've used – some are stronger than others, but most will need around 12-48 hours soaking. Cover the gammon in fresh water, changing it every 12 hours.
Do you have to boil ham before baking?
Depending on how the ham was cured, it will most probably be necessary to soak the ham for 24 hours before baking it. This step isn't necessary when boiling a ham as the boiling process automatically removes any excess salt, but it is a foolish errand to bake a salt cured ham without soaking..
How long does a gammon joint take to cook in the oven?
Roast gammon You can also roast your gammon joint in the oven. Similarly to calculating the cooking time for boiling, firstly you need to weigh your raw gammon joint, but this time, allow 30 minutes per 450g, plus an additional 30 minutes, and cook it at 180°C, 160°C Fan, Gas Mark 4.
How do you keep roast gammon moist?
To stop your gammon from drying out in the oven, or your glaze from burning due to the high sugar content, bring your gammon out and baste every 15-20 minutes to ensure it keeps moist and juicy!
How do you cook a small unsmoked gammon joint?
Cooking instructions: Oven Place joint in a roasting tray and cover loosely with foil. Place on the middle shelf of the oven. During cooking: Cook for 1 hour 15 mins. Remove foil for the last 30 mins of cooking.
How long does it take to cook an unsmoked gammon joint?
40 minutes per Kilo (20 minutes a lb). If over 5Kg (10lb) in weight reduce this to between 30 and 35 minutes per Kilo. 15 -17 minutes a pound. If under 2kg increase to 60 minutes a Kilo.
How do you cook unsmoked boneless gammon?
Cooking Instructions Instructions: 190°C/Fan 170°C/Gas 5 30 mins per 500g plus 30 mins Score surface to give crackling. Place joint in a roasting tin and wrap the exposed meat in foil ensuring the rind is left uncovered. Place onto the middle shelf of the oven and cook for 30 minutes per 500g plus 30 minutes.
Is ham cooked gammon?
Gammon is meat that has been cured (by being salted, brined or smoked) and sold raw, whereas Ham is meat that has been dry-cured or cooked, and is sold ready to eat. In a nutshell; when you've cooked your Gammon, it becomes Ham.
Does gammon become ham when cooked?
Well, to be honest, there isn't a great deal of difference, really, as once gammon is cooked, it becomes ham." Gammon is sold in supermarkets and by your local butcher raw, and requires cooking before you can eat it, whereas ham is ready to eat immediately, but both are made in a very similar way.
Is gammon joint processed meat?
Yep. "Processed meat" is any meat that's preserved by salting, smoking or curing, or by adding chemical preservatives. That means sausage, bacon, cold cuts like pastrami and salami, hot dogs and, yes, ham.
Do you rinse ham before cooking?
You don't need to wash a ham before baking. If you ask us, baked ham is delicious even when you leave it plain; however, scoring a diamond pattern with a chef's knife in the outer layer and brushing on a glaze during baking makes the ham a showy centerpiece and adds flavor.
Does boiling gammon remove salt?
Try boiling the ham. Boil the ham for about ten minutes. This can help leach out any remaining salt. Taste the ham after you have boiled it for about ten minutes. If it is still too salty, try boiling it for another one or two minutes.
What is the fastest way to get salt out of gammon?
If you still find it too salty, go ahead and try boiling briefly in fresh water (blanching) after soaking, and then plunging in ice water before you continue to glaze and roast.
How do you cook a gammon joint Delia in the oven?
Bake the ham in a pre-heated oven, gas mark 3, 325°F (160°C), for 20 minutes per lb (450 g). That would be 4 hours for a 12 lb (5.5 kg) ham or 4 hours 40 minutes for a 14 lb (6.5 g) ham. Thirty minutes before the end of the cooking time, remove the ham from the oven and turn the oven up to gas mark 7, 425°F (220°C).
How do you know if gammon is cooked in the oven?
Bake in the oven as per the roasting instructions and leave to cool in the water. Test that the gammon is cooked by inserting a knife and checking to see if the meat is tender. If it still has a "springy" feel cook for a further 15 minutes and test again.
How long do you boil a 1KG gammon joint for?
Cooking your Gammon 1. Weigh your meat to calculate cooking times. To work out your cooking time, allow 20 minutes per lb (1lb is 454g). For example for a 1KG gammon it's going to be 40 minutes.


text:
The Hoiho – New Zealand's Yellow-eyed Penguin written by Adele Vernon, photographs by Dean Schneider
Catalogue number 200101
Suitable for children and adults alike. A very informative softcover book. This engrossing account of the hoiho's secretive lifestyle and unusual characteristics is amply illustrated with striking colour photographs. 44 pages with detailed index.
5 Little Hoiho by Jake Lewis
Catalogue number 200211
New release February 2002
Jake Lewis wrote this book when he was 10 years old as part of a home school project which grew out of his interest in conservation and the plight of the hoiho (the yellow-eyed penguin). The story is aimed at the younger child, beautifully illustrated by Jake with 16 pages of colourful illustrations. Fact flashes of important information about the yellow-eyed penguin are useful for older children. Jake has kindly donated all proceeds from the sale of this book to the Yellow-eyed Penguin Trust to help save this unique bird. It's a gem!
Mustelid Trapping Field Guide by David Blair
Catalogue number 200212
RRP $7.50 (Discounts for bulk orders. For details please contact the Trust office).
2nd edition (2005) available. To order, please send your payment to the Trust office
The Yellow-eyed Penguin Trust hosted a practical workshop on mustelid control techniques in August 2000. At the request of attendees, a follow-on field guide was published by the Trust in 2002 and revised in 2005. This A5-sized booklet outlines the biology of the mustelids (stoats, ferrets and weasels), including reproduction, diet and range, and signals the implications of predator guild relationships. Placement of traps (when, where, how many), technical aspects of trapping and types of traps are all discussed. Included are sample data recording sheets, and explanations to the importance of accuracy of records, including recognising nil returns. The legal obligations under the Animal Welfare Act are also included in this booklet.
Aimed at both amateur and experienced trappers, the Trust hopes it may assist in the practical eradication of one of the threats to the rare yellow-eyed penguin and other endemic species.
Penguin Partnership – A Guide for Landowners
Catalogue number 200105
This is a great guide for those landowners who may have penguins on their land, and want to know the best way to ensure that the penguins will be safe from stock and predators.
Saving the Yellow Eye by John Darby
Catalogue number 200102
Suitable for younger readers. Excellent bright colourful photos and graphics with interesting statistics brings together this informative softcover book.
Nature Kids – the Penguin by Barbara Todd
Catalogue number 200104
This book includes facts about where penguins live, what they eat, the differences between them and how they look after their babies. 24 pages.
New Zealand Wild The Penguin by Barbara Todd
Catalogue number 200105
This book is aimed at 8-14 year-olds. The author looks at penguins, both past and present, what they look like, how they live together and parenthood. This information is followed by extensive text about penguins that live in New Zealand, followed by shorter entries about other penguin species around the world. Excellent for home or school use. 32 pages with colour photographs throughout.
Step by Step Snacks, Light Meals & Treats by Alison Holst
Catalogue number 200108 (currently out of stock)
A cooking book for beginners of all ages. Alison's reliable, trustworthy and delicious recipes for tasty and interesting family food. This book, supported by Mainland Products, our sponsor, includes a penguin icon on each page. All recipes were test-cooked by a 12 year old.
Coasting – the Sea Lion and the Lark by Neville Peat
Catalogue number 200110
Neville Peat, one of our finest observers of the natural world, takes us on a journey from Otago to the subantarctic and follows the life and migration of a sea lion. With the taut and accurate prose of a scientist, and the lyrical sense of an artist, Peat's compelling style lures us into gaining an immense amount of information.
In a work that is deeply intimate and wonderfully expansive, Peat takes us well beyond the physical. He delves into the emotional origins of myth, and reveals an impassioned respect and understanding of the close relationship between humans and animals.
While exploring changing coastal habitat – blending ancient beliefs, local history, legend and the natural sciences – Peat encounters a number of remarkable individuals along the way; sea dogs, old salts, and a mysterious drifter who follows the winds and tides. Here we gain the naturalist's sense of wonder, and the philosopher's contemplation of the mysterious presence we call nature.
From Field to Forest: A guide to revegetating southern coastlines
Catalogue number 201111. RRP $7.50
Compiled by staff and trustees of the Yellow-eyed Penguin Trust, this booklet summarizes their experiences in habitat restoration since 1987. It is a non-technical guide for anyone protecting native plant habitats, particularly those in southern New Zealand. It is as equally suitable for small scale planting in a coastal garden as for the recovery of an entire penguin nesting habitat.
Going, Going Gone? by Malcom Tait
Animals and plants around the world on the brink of extinction, the orgnanistations that help, and how you can help. A page is dedicated to New Zealand's yellow-eyed penguin. RRP $35.00


text:
the dove is a symbol of peace.
These doves can be made
and hung as if flying around your room,
or sent with a message to your Peace Pal.
You will need:
- Start with a square piece of paper which you can make from any rectangle simply by folding up a short edge diagonally to meet the long side and cut off extra. Open flat.
- Fold square paper in half into rectangle and unfold again to lay flat.
- Fold (2) corners in to center line.
- Fold paper in half with triangles inside.
- Fold head down about 1/4 of top edge, creasing well.
- Fold head backwards on the same crease again creasing well.
- Fold (2) Return head to original position and push down on top fold, reversing the middle crease.
- Draw triangle shape and cut away shaded area to make wing and tail.
- Fold up wing. Turn Dove over and fold up other wing.
- Completed Dove can be decorated or hung just like this.


How Much Does Shilajit Increase Testosterone?
How Much Does Shilajit Increase Testosterone
How Much Does Shilajit Increase Testosterone?
Introduction:
Shilajit, a natural substance found in the Himalayas, has gained popularity for its potential to improve testosterone levels in men. Testosterone is a vital hormone responsible for various bodily functions, including muscle development, bone density, libido, and overall vitality. In this article, we will explore the effects of Shilajit on testosterone levels and address some frequently asked questions about this natural supplement.
What is Shilajit?
Shilajit is a sticky black resin that oozes out of rocks in the Himalayan mountains during the warm summer months. It is composed of a rich blend of minerals, humic substances, and bioactive compounds. For centuries, it has been used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine to promote overall health and well-being.
Shilajit and Testosterone:
1. The Link between Shilajit and Testosterone:
Studies have suggested that Shilajit may have a positive impact on testosterone levels. The bioactive components found in Shilajit, such as fulvic acid and dibenzo-alpha pyrones, are believed to play a role in enhancing testosterone production and activity.
2. Increased Testosterone Production:
One of the key ways Shilajit may influence testosterone levels is by stimulating the production of luteinizing hormone (LH). LH is responsible for signaling the testes to produce testosterone. By increasing LH levels, Shilajit may indirectly facilitate higher testosterone production.
3. Improved Testosterone Activity:
In addition to promoting testosterone production, Shilajit may also enhance the activity of testosterone receptors in target tissues. This means that the testosterone circulating in your body may have a more significant impact on muscle development, energy levels, and overall well-being.
4. Antioxidant Properties:
Shilajit is known for its potent antioxidant properties. Oxidative stress can lead to cellular damage and negatively affect testosterone levels. By scavenging harmful free radicals, Shilajit may help protect the testes and support healthy testosterone levels.
5. Enhanced Energy and Stamina:
Testosterone plays a crucial role in energy metabolism, muscle strength, and endurance. By potentially increasing testosterone levels, Shilajit may help improve energy levels, reduce fatigue, and enhance overall stamina.
FAQs about Shilajit and Testosterone:
1. Is Shilajit safe to use?
Shilajit is generally considered safe for most individuals when consumed in moderate amounts. However, it is always advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are taking medications.
2. How long does it take to see results?
The effects of Shilajit on testosterone levels may vary from person to person. Some individuals may experience noticeable changes within a few weeks, while others may require more time. Consistency in usage and following the recommended dosage are key factors in achieving desired results.
3. Can women use Shilajit to increase testosterone levels?
While Shilajit is often associated with improving testosterone levels in men, its effects on women are less studied. It is recommended that women consult with a healthcare professional before considering Shilajit supplementation to ensure it aligns with their specific needs and hormonal balance.
4. Are there any side effects of using Shilajit?
Shilajit is generally well-tolerated, but some individuals may experience mild side effects such as digestive issues or headaches. These side effects are usually temporary and subside with continued use. If you experience any severe or persistent side effects, it is important to discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.
5. How should I take Shilajit for optimal results?
Shilajit is typically available in resin or powder form. It can be consumed by mixing a small amount (usually around 300-500 mg) with water or milk. It is recommended to take Shilajit once or twice a day, preferably on an empty stomach or as directed by a healthcare professional.
Conclusion:
Shilajit has shown promising potential in increasing testosterone levels and promoting overall well-being. Its unique blend of bioactive compounds and minerals may contribute to enhanced testosterone production and activity. However, as with any supplement, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional before starting Shilajit to ensure it is suitable for your individual needs. By incorporating Shilajit into your wellness routine, you may experience improved energy, stamina, and vitality.
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text: We report on the interference that hydrogen sulfide can generate on the measurement of phosphorus in seawater with the Murphy & Riley method. Free sulfide can be found in a variety of saline systems, from partially closed fjords to eutrophic estuaries, river saline wedges, saline lagoons, etc. in concentrations ranging from 0.02 up to 10 mM and, thus, may be present in water samples without the analysts suspicion. We tested the effects of sulfide concentrations ranging from 0.005 up to 0.7 mM on the measurement of phosphorus concentrations from 10 mgP to 1.5 mgP-PO4 l-1. We characterized spectrophotometrically, the product and the dynamics of the interference and we provide a simple method to detect the interference "a posteriori" by computing the ratio between the absorbances at 350 and 690 nm. If sulfide has been measured in parallel, the absorbances, even those that have had high interference, can be corrected to values without the interference with the equations that we provide. We propose the routine use of this method whenever dealing with samples that could have some sulfide in solution.


Subject: Re: New i2c framework
To: None <,>
From: None <>
List: tech-kern
Date: 02/19/2002 18:13:25
| On 19 Feb 2002 wrote:
| > | On 18 Feb 2002 wrote:
| >
| > | > if (id!= AT76C651_CHIPID) {
| > | ^^^
| > | What is the defined byte ordering for i2c? Is there one? Since id is a
| > | int16_t, BE and LE machines will handle this bit differently...
| >
| > There is no defined byte ordering for i2c. That is defined separately
| > by each device manufacturer.
| So then how do you know if you got the right id? What if another chip has
| the byte-swapped ID, and its manufacturer chose to use the other byte
| ordering, so that they both end up being the same byte sequence?
You lose.
The way things are *supposed* to work is that each manufacturer requests
a specific bus address for a specific device. Then you can identify the
device by the address at which it probes.
Some manufacturers do not allocate an address for the device, rather they
allow the address to be programmable. In that case you need some other
method of determining what sort of device is attached at a particular bus
In this case, this device has a register with a chip ID accessible with
a specific bus access sequece. Considering the many different possible
addresses and access sequences, the likelyhood that two completely
different devices will probe the same way is almost zero.


text:
Developing An incentive travel reward takes a and work to ensure outcomes are produced by it. A business should determine what company objectives should be achieved through the use of this form of program. Having a premise of what is going to be accomplished makes it easier pick a destination that is motivating and to set milestones that are reachable. This assumption permits a business to select on an itinerary that is for boosting the motivation fit. Travel packages are implemented to support prices, intensify soul, promote a product, maintain agents, or for developing a customer base that was dependable as a method. 1 program does understand each difficulty. Necessities ought to be written to deal with the earnest ones from the beginning. An incentive could target employees, clients, or a business zone to be used to reach the outcomes.
Incentive Travel: Tips for Setting Reward Objectives
The set When starting to frame an incentive travel program Destinations need to be a goal. Excursion packages are equipped for providing the outcome that is anticipated once the accomplishments that are very important are known and understood. Turning it and taking a issue makes an adequate approach to resolving problems that are authoritative. A problem can include these among other scenarios:
The As a provider picks what will be achieved through an program, the path will be managed by Qualities of practical points. Department or A company must stay focused on what is make points that are fundamental using a reason and to be achieved. All goals has to be connected for participants to in petition to understand what must be completed. Objectives should be achieved to ensure an incentive travel program. An objective that is uncertain can seem to be a notion that is fantastic. An organized arrangement of goals must be:
- Timed Appropriately
- In Line With Company Goals
The way to An honor has to be quantifiable in petition encourage involvement and to create the process reasonable. Travel grants create a situation loaded with quantifiable progress and competition is the perfect way to produce this productivity. Grants should be quantifiable to create consumers understand what they have to do to get the incentive. Placing a certain number of new client sign or a deal objective on is not reasonable for participants. The motive must match what is reasonably workable for a program to be powerful and the period of the year. All chosen goals stay consistent and should conform to points that were hierarchical. Boosting exercises or taking the time prior to picking a destination to pick these components will boost the undertaking's accomplishment.


text:
Sing this story! It isn't a secret that using songs to teach children early learning skills is fun and successful.
Read, clap and bark along with B-I-N-G-O! Between the silly rhyme and adorable illustrations, young learners will be sure to love this classic tale about the farmer's favorite dog! "There was a farmer had a dog and Bingo was his name-o. B-I-N-G-O, B-I-N-G-O, B-I-N-G-O and B-I-N-G-O was his name-o!"
Sure to be your family's favorite audio book in the car or on a plane, children of all ages will enjoy singing about BINGO!


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After grazing, the remaining stubble is a mixture of grass of different lengths. What does that mean for grass regrowth? The results of Amazing Grazing show that per centimeter of extra stubble length, the average extra growth is between half and four percent. This knowledge helps to better predict grass growth after grazing.
Grazing cows leave behind a mosaic of different grass heights. In one place the grass has been eaten almost to the ground, while further away long remnants of refused grass have remained. And there are also places with all grass heights in between.
The speed at which a grass plant recovers after grazing depends on the presence of the growing point and the amount of green leaves. If the grass has been cut or mowed so short that the growth point has been removed, the regrowth will immediately start with a delay from a newly formed side shoot. The amount of green leaves determines how quickly the grass gets off the starting blocks. Normally, up to a grass height of approximately 15 cm, the more leaves, the faster the regrowth. But this rule does not apply above that, because more older leaves will die. The net growth will then be the same or even slightly lower.
Measure growth rate
In Amazing Grazing, a trial was conducted at Dairy Campus in 2018 to measure the growth rate of grass from an initial situation with different stubble lengths. After the first, second and third cut, fields were mowed at a stubble height of 5, 8, 11, 15 or 18 cm to simulate the influence of grazing as closely as possible. Subsequently, the fields in the second, third or fourth cut were harvested as a mowing cut. With a stubble of 5 centimeters, the grass grew daily at 75 to 125 kilograms of dry matter per hectare. The higher the stubble, the faster the grass grew. With a stubble of 15 or 18 centimeters, the grass growth was 100 to 200 kilograms dry matter per hectare. The results calculated an average extra growth of about half to four percent per centimeter of extra stubble length. This knowledge has been used to improve the prediction of grass growth after grazing.


text:
Granma published a note from Castro to Randy Alonso, moderator of the Mesa Redonda television program. Castro requests that Randy broadcast a statement he made in 2001 in which Castro explained why
The section on labor union rights would provide "a pretext for imperialism to try to divide and fragment workers, create artificial unions, and reduce their political and social power and influence," Castro said in 2001. A section on education would "open the doors to the privatization of teaching, which in the past allowed painful differences and irritating privileges and injustices, including racial discrimination." (AFP Spanish story here.)
Castro asked that the text of his 2001 statement be titled, "History will tell who is right."
Maybe history will also tell us who is in charge.


text:
Authors & Events
May 03, 2022
| ISBN 9780744051377
| Middle Grade (8-12)
May 03, 2022 | ISBN 9780744051377 | Middle Grade (8-12)
Imagine learning to leap, roar, swim, or fly for the first time.Born to Be Wild explores the vast complexities of growing up in the animal kingdom, where everything feels like new. This book goes where no other has to delve into the countless ways baby animals survive in the wild. Alongside gorgeous photographs of baby bears, lions and tigers, marsupials, birds, and marine mammals, it charts the stages from dependency to independence, and looks at why some animals cling to their mothers for many months, while others must learn to run almost as soon as they are born. Informative step-by-step features focus on particular stages of learning, such as how a lion cub learns to hunt. This book focuses on key themes in a young animal's life: birth and the very first days of life, learning to hunt and feed, senses and communication, habitat and adaptation, and playtime. Full of beautiful pictures and fascinating science, Born to Be Wild reveals the mysteries of how young creatures survive in an unpredictable world.
We believe in the power of discovery. That's why we create books for everyone that explore ideas and nurture curiosity about the world we live in. From first words to the Big Bang, from the wonders of nature to city adventures,… More about DK
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text:
Celebrating the career of Prof E.R. Priest, this meeting will focus on our understanding of solar magnetic fields, through observations, theory and modelling. Speakers will address the present state of knowledge of topics such as magnetic reconnection, large-scale magnetic field structure, flux emergence, with emphasis on Prof. Priest's contributions. Future directions required to further our understanding of solar magnetic fields and the role of magnetic fields throughout the universe will also be discussed.
Ineke De Moortel (St Andrews), and others


text:
School Address: 120 Parker Avenue - Maplewood
Incorporating learning centers into our classroom provides an environment of choice and opportunity. At Kinder-Gan there are art, science, blocks, computers, holiday, dramatic play, writing and math/manipulative learning centers. Additionally the cozy corner provides an area dedicated to books and quiet time. All learning centers are amply stocked with fun, educational material; varied to reflect classroom themes presently being explored. Learning center materials challenge the children's development and interests.
Integrating every learning style in the Kinder-Gan curriculum provides each child with the tools they need to succeed. Creative movement, music, and drama enrich the classroom. Through these and other activities the children learn, develop and grow. Special visitors to our classroom, including doctors, musicians and artists, and an exciting schedule of field trips give the children special access to the world around them.
Exposing children to a rich and meaningful Jewish heritage gives them a deep appreciation of their history. Hebrew language and alphabet instruction combined with song and dance, Torah stories, Jewish Holidays and traditions make for the most opportune learning experience. The excitement can be felt as each child develops a sense of Jewish identity.
Weekly newsletters encourage family involvement. Offering information on current classroom learning themes as well as important announcements these newsletters are vital to good parent-teacher communication. Parental involvement is an important part of the curriculum at Kinder-Gan preschool. Fun annual events such as Family Shabbatons, Chanukah party, Passover Seder, and weekly Shabbat parties keep parents involved and allow them to share in their child's school experience.
7:32 PM in New Brunswick, NJ
Shabbat Ends 8:34 PM
Friday, 27 April 2018


text:
World Atlas of Total Sky-Cover.
Environmental research papers,
AIR FORCE GEOPHYSICS LAB HANSCOM AFB MA
Pagination or Media Count:
The purpose of this atlas is to establish a global cloud climatology that details seasonal and diurnal variations. The Boehm Sawtooth Wave BSW simulation model is used to devise a method for describing the frequency distribution of total sky-cover. Two parameters, scale distance and mean sky-cover, permit the calculation of the sky cover distribution from clear to overcast. This is an efficient means of data storage, since two numbers define the entire frequency distribution. Hence, the frequency distribution of sky cover can be found for locations world-wide using the global analyses of mean sky cover and scale distance given in the atlas. Twenty maps are presented for each of these parameters - one set 4 times daily 0000-0200, 0600--0800, _PHONE_, _PHONE_ LST, for each midseason month January, April, July, and October, and another set of monthly means for all hours for each midseason month.


text:
Main Article Content
Studies concerning the diameter structure are essential for understanding the development of native forests, provide growth and yield parameters sufficient to generate estimates that support sustainable management. However, the mathematical modeling of probability functions, such as density, becomes difficult to implement in multi-modal distributions, found in forest species and communities. The species Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze, of social, environmental and economic features, presents multimodal distribution pattern forming units called demographic cohorts, which arise due to natural and anthropogenic agents that operate in niches. Therefore, taking inventory database of trees with a diameter at breast height equal to or greater than 9.5 cm (DBH≥9.5 cm), from the National Forest of São Francisco de Paula, RS, it was possible to test different probability density functions. The best fit to the data series consists of a truncated polynomial function of seventh degree, which besides maintaining fitted values very close to those observed for total and diameter classes, maintained the multimodal distribution characteristic.


text:
February 25, 2020
A recent patent hints that tech giant Microsoft may be entering the smart speaker market with a product of its own. The patent describes a smart speaker with a built-in projection system that could be used as a Skype conferencing device, without requiring a PC, Mac, or mobile device.
According to Patently Apple, the projector is designed to project the image on a flat surface, but it also has a depth camera that, in theory, could be used to create 3D reconstructions of conference calls. This would be done using a Pico projector, which allows users to project content from devices such as smartphones or tablets onto a wall.
The speaker itself consists of various parts, and looks similar to an Apple HomePod or Amazon Echo. The speaker's cylindrical shape would allow the projector and the camera to move independently of each other, allowing the device to track a person as they move through a room and the user to maintain eye contact with the speaker no matter what part of the room they are in. Additionally, the patent suggests that two devices could be used simultaneously in different rooms, allowing a person to continue a conversation when they move to a second room.
Authors: Scott Kerr and Matt McDonald


text:
Dozens of fires were raging across Siberia on July 25, 2003, and were detected by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Terra satellite. Marked with red dots, the fires are creating a blanket of smoke, which in recent days has caused airports in the region to close due to lack of visibility.
The high-resolution image provided above is 500 meters per pixel. The MODIS Rapid Response System provides this image at MODIS' maximum spatial resolution of 250 meters.
Image courtesy Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Rapid Response Team at NASA GSFC


text:
and facilitators in dialogue called the LARA method: Listen, Affirm, Respond, and Affirming inquiry. This means that, regardless of what someone has shared, facilitators should model deep listening for connection and understanding. They should affirm the contribution, which is categorically different from expressing agreement or approval; affirming the contribution means, at a minimum, acknowledging the speaker with thanks or by paraphrasing what they have said to confirm understanding. In my interpretation, it is an expression of trust in the speaker: that they have integrity, that they are good enough to want to learn from their errors and intelligent enough to do so. Only after affirming, according to the LARA method, should the facilitator (or participants) respond to the actual content of the contribution; here, disagreement, correction, or pushback can be expressed. The final step, affirming inquiry, involves sharing one's own perspective and inviting others to share their own, to ensure mutuality and equal vulnerability.
- Testimonials. "In intergroup dialogue," Hicks writes, "we write testimonials in order to reflect on the impact that our membership in various social identity categories has had on our lives" (59). Testimonials are written with the understanding that they will be shared with the group. In this way, I suggest, "dialogue" expands beyond the merely oral and can continue asynchronously in written form. Testimonials can be integrated into dialogue in many ways, but I also suggest that it is powerful to offer a testimonial (or any other form of statement) without any response other than, perhaps, affirmation. bell hooks mentions using testimonials in Teaching to Transgress; Story Circles, as a dialogic model, is also based on oral testimony of a sort. Hicks identifies four parameters of a good testimonial that can be shared with students (I have paraphrased them here):
- It is a specific story of something that has happened to you.
- You are willing to share it.
- You remember it well enough to write about it.
- It focuses on an incident related to a particular social identity, but other social identities intersect and may be mentioned also.
One In-Depth Activity: How I Got Here: A Testimonial
This activity borrows the notion of the testimonial and refers to Dori Laub's seminal work on the topic of testimony and the need for an "addressable other" to stress the relational nature of testimony. Rather than introduce the testimonial as part of the "exploring social identities" stage of the intergroup dialogue process, however, as Introduction to Intergroup Dialogues does, I have designed this activity to be done in the first stage of relationship-building and dialogue skills development. Rather than speak to their experiences related to a particular social identity, students are asked to craft a narrative of "how they got here," for the principal purpose of affirming everyone's unique pathway to the university and right to belong, as well as practicing the critical dialogic skill of deep listening. The prompt itself takes inspiration from the Blanton Museum's digital video resource "Belonging," which could be included in this testimony activity. In leaving "how I got here" fairly open to interpretation as a prompt, I also intend the activity as a kind of assessment to gauge how students are (and aren't) already thinking about (their) privilege, regardless of which identity positions they occupy. It strikes me that a great deal of the friction I am feeling with privilege discourse in these readings has to do with the way it is so (necessarily) generalized; this activity allows instructors (and participants!) to become aware of and responsive to the actual people in the room, where they come from, and how they are thinking and feeling. It also grounds an ongoing discussion of privilege and oppression related to various social identities in the one privilege everyone in the room is almost guaranteed to share, which is the privilege of a college education at (in UT's case) a top-ranked, selective institution. Awareness of the privilege of being college students, spending part of their days in high-minded dialogues for the purpose of their own economic, social, intellectual, or moral betterment, is, in my mind, a good starting point from which to begin to empower students as critical agents.
The dialogue that follows the testimonial sharing should ask questions that prompt critical self-reflection such as:
- Now that you have listened to others' testimonies, what do you notice about the approach you took in your own? Was your tone defensive, proud, shamefaced, apologetic, or something else? Did you focus on yourself as an individual or make a lot of reference to your family, your community, or your identity? Why do you think that is?
- What did others express awareness about regarding their own history and journey that you did not? What did you express awareness about that others did not?
- Why do you think I asked you to do this activity? What do you feel has been the result, for you personally or for the group as a whole?
Next Week... We will be reading Democratic Dialogue in Education: Troubling Speech, Disturbing Silence (by Megan Boler, 2004).


text:
What's in this guide?
Have you ever looked at your bill and decided it was too complicated to even attempt to read?
Many customers have had the exact same thought.
This guide will help you to understand your Scottish Power bill, work out what is included and help translate the jargon.
Scottish Power Bill Page 1
Typically, the first page of your bill with most suppliers will include the most important information regarding your energy.
This includes the billing for the last and current period, your energy usage so you can compare it to the last year and essential account information.
Your account balance will tell you how much you're either in credit or debit to your energy company.
Credit = When your energy supplier owes you.
Debit = When you owe your energy supplier.
You can use your account number when ringing up your energy supplier so they can access your account quicker.
On the bottom right you can often see whether you could be getting a cheaper electricity or gas with a different tariff, or where you can find this information.
Some other useful information on this page includes how to get in touch with Scottish Power, which is very important if you need to sort something out quick.
Scottish Power Bill Page 2
The second page of your Scottish Power bill will tell you more information about your actual usage.
This is where you'll see things such as how many units of kWh you used during that period for both electricity and gas, any discounts you might be getting and your total charges.
You can also find your MPAN and MPRN numbers.
MPRN Number: Your MPRN, is the unique number for your property that is for identification. This is usually six to ten numbers and no letters.
MPAN number: The Meter Point Administration Number (MPAN) is the electricity supply number for the meter in your property.
These numbers are essential when it comes to talking to your energy supplier about your supply.
At the bottom of the second page, your Scottish Power bill will tell you how they calculated your gas bill.
Scottish Power Bill Page 3
Your final page should show you information regarding the last 12 months of your consumption and how much it cost you.
As well as the future 12 months assuming your energy consumption habits remain the same.
Why is this information helpful?
This helps you to better compare suppliers, as you can use these figures to determine which energy tariff might be the most cost-effective for you.
Are you a Scottish Power customer?
Did you know that you could be saving up to £500 on your energy bills every year?


text:
Construction Cost: $30 Million
The Apponaug Bypass is a highway project with a heavy traffic design component driving the final concept. The project's goal was to provide a two-way road around the section of Post Road located in front of the Warwick City Hall, between Apponaug Four Corners and Williams Corner. The new bypass has successfully diverted most of the traffic that formerly travelled on Post Road eastbound at City Hall resulting in significant lower traffic volumes passing through the heart of Apponaug Village. The reduction of those traffic volumes is a key element in the City of Warwick's plans for the revitalization and redevelopment of the historic village.
Whereas the project was originally planned with traffic signal control at the major intersections, the concept was subsequently revised to incorporate roundabouts due to their increased safety, improved traffic flow, traffic calming effects and aesthetic benefits.
Central to the project design was the need to provide a comprehensive and holistic approach to the management of stormwater and natural resources, particularly due to the project's location within the watershed of Greenwich Bay—an impaired waterbody subject to a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) plan established by the RIDEM—and, as an MS4 owner/operator regulated under the Rhode Island Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (RIPDES) Phase II Stormwater program, RIDOT is required to amend its Stormwater Management Program Plan (SWMPP) to incorporate measures to address stormwater impacts contributing to the impairment. Complicating the environmental issues was the fact that the 0.2-mile segment of new roadway required to complete the bypass (Veterans Memorial Drive Extension) extends across the former Apponaug Mill Complex, a site known to contain contaminated materials due to its long history of industrial use.
The same Veterans Memorial Drive Extension segment also spans across the Apponaug River (which was culverted under former mill buildings for hydropower and other use) and the floodplain associated with the river and its main tributary (Hardig Brook); and, despite having been culverted along the mill reach, the Apponaug River remains a seasonal fish run for Alewife migrating upstream to spawn in Little Gorton's Pond, a function of high ecological value that had to be maintained during and following construction. These environmental issues were addressed to the satisfaction of RIDEM, and all required permits were obtained.
A major component of this project, during design and construction, involved stakeholder coordination and public outreach. GRA coordinated and participated in regularly-scheduled stakeholder meetings which included various city departments (planning, engineering, public works, landscape, etc.), local public agencies (Chamber of commerce, Apponaug Village Association) and local business and property owners. The intent of the meetings was to provide project status information, seek input and address concerns. Stakeholder services also included the coordination and participation in quarterly "Partnering" meetings and related follow-up. The partnership sessions were structured to draw on the strengths of each interested or affected organization to identify and achieve reciprocal goals. Meetings were held every three months during the construction and contract period.
Construction phase services entailed assisting the RIDOT Resident Engineer through the participation in meetings, investigations, research and review of questions related to concerns, issues, differing site conditions, sequence of construction, or contractor suggested/requested design changes that took place during construction in order to assist with resolutions in a timely and cost-effective manner. Utility coordination was also conducted as necessary to address and help resolve questions or issues.
Bicycle and pedestrian considerations were important throughout the design of this project. The planning for the bypass included sidewalks throughout and shoulders four feet in width to provide for bicycle travel. A bicycle lane has been provided on Post Road in Apponaug Village.
With the bypass in place, the formerly heavy eastbound traffic of approximately 22,000 vehicles per day (VPD) has been reduced to approximately 5,000 VPD. As part of the project, that section of Post Road was reconstructed using a road diet to reduce the former two travel lanes to one lane and a six-foot bicycle lane. Under a complete streets approach, traffic calming is provided through a series of three bump-outs and extensive streetscape treatments. Pedestrian accommodations include new sidewalks throughout and raised crosswalks at the bump-outs.
ACEC RI Engineering Excellence Award Recipient


text:
Is there any documentation or evidence of anyone finding gold in California before the discovery at Sutter's Mill in 1848?
The Spanish DID come to the New World to find Gold, and other things, but while I always thought they came across it much earlier than they did it looks like that was not so. At least in the province of California:
When James Wilson Marshall found gold in the tailrace of Sutter's mill on January 24, 1848, he was not the first to come across this much sought mineral in California. As early as 1816, there were reports of gold in the Spanish province of California. Reports and rumors of gold persisted, but it was not until 1842 that there was a real gold rush in the future Golden State. Either late in 1841 or early in 1842, Francisco Lopez, majordomo of the San Fernando Rancho, and a companion were in search of some stray cattle in the mountains near the ranch. Becoming tired they dismounted to rest in San Feliciano Canyon. Here Lopez whipped out his knife to dig some wild onions to eat, and in the earth clinging to them he found particles of what appeared to him to be gold. Using his knife he continued to mine in the vicinity and found additional alluvial gold deposits.
The original source is from the California Department of Conservation, learn something new every day..


text:
Metallic Glass Stronger Than Steel
Researchers have created a new kind of damage-tolerant metallic glass that may be tougher than any other known material. The new metallic glass is a microalloy featuring palladium, a metal with a high "bulk-to-shear" stiffness ratio that counteracts the intrinsic brittleness of glassy materials.
"Because of the high bulk-to-shear modulus ratio of palladium-containing material, the energy needed to form shear bands is much lower than the energy required to turn these shear bands into cracks," Ritchie says. "The result is that glass undergoes extensive plasticity in response to stress, allowing it to bend rather than crack."
(Damage-tolerant metallic glass)
This micrograph of a deformed notch in palladium-based metallic glass shows extensive plastic shielding of an initially sharp crack. The inset is a magnified view of a shear offset (arrow) developed during plastic sliding before the crack opened.
"These results mark the first use of a new strategy for metallic glass fabrication and we believe we can use it to make glass that will be even stronger and more tough," says Robert Ritchie, a materials scientist who led the Berkeley contribution to the research.
"Our game now is to try and extend this approach of inducing extensive plasticity prior to fracture to other metallic glasses through changes in composition," Ritchie says. "The addition of the palladium provides our amorphous material with an unusual capacity for extensive plastic shielding ahead of an opening crack. This promotes a fracture toughness comparable to those of the toughest materials known. The rare combination of toughness and strength, or damage tolerance, extends beyond the benchmark ranges established by the toughest and strongest materials known."
Science fiction fans recall the metalloglass buildings in the comic strip version of Buck Rogers in the 25th Century. As far as I know, there is no reference to "metalloglass" in Philip Nowlan's 1928 novel Armageddon: 2419, which introduced Buck Rogers to the world.
I also thought of the tower of glass from Robert Silverberg's 1970 eponymous story.
Compare to the glassite seen in Edmond Hamilton (and probably other) stories; it is used as a material for transparent bubble-style helmets for space-suits, and as a building material:
The Terra Hotel stood in a garden at the edge of town, fronting the moonlit immensity of the desert. This glittering glass block, especially built to cater to the tourist trade from Earth, was Earth-conditioned inside...
The place had glassite walls and ceiling, and was designed to give an impression of the navigating bridge of a space-ship.
(From The World with a Thousand Moons by Edmond Hamilton )
Via Lab Spaces; thanks to Winchell Chung for the tip and the reference for this story.
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Difference Between Trade or Non-Trade Cement
What is Cement?
Cement is a binding material called binding agent. We know cement is a main ingredient of building materials.
Cement is a commonly used binding material in the construction. The cement is obtained by burning a mixture of calcarious (calcium) and argillaceous (clay) material at a very high temperature and then grinding the clinker so produced to a fine powder. It was first produced by a mason Joseph Aspdin in England in 1924. He patented it as Portland cement.
Cement Marketing are two types
 1. Trade Cement marketing
 2. Non-Trade Cement Marketing
What is Trade Cement?
Trade cement is sold by the manufacture to the dealers and distributors, who in turn sell to the consumers.
 - Cement dealer, buy directly from cement company and sell also do retail sale from his shop.The dealer is incentive's to sell the product.
 - Trade cement are costly than non trade cement. All taxes to be paid at the time of delivery while in non trade cement taxes can paid in any month of financial year.
 - Selling Price involves share of dealers, retailers etc.
trade cement tutorials tips civil
Trade Cement BAG
What is Non-trade Cement?
Cement sold to direct customer like a construction company for self consumption (their project use), not to be resold to a third party falls under NonTrade Category.
non-trade cement
on Non-Trade cement bag written (Not for retail sale)Its Mean this type of cement bags is coming direct from plant.
 - Non-trade cement is that which sell by the manufacturer directly to the consumer (Builder, Contractor or and Institution involve in any project, NGO or Government). The dealer bypass.
 - Non-trade cements do not have heavy overheads and are cheaper as compared to trade cements. Consumers such as realtors, contractors, etc., purchase in bulk from the manufacturer.
 - In non trade the company can directly dispatch material from its factory to the destination of buyer without any doubt of middle men meddling with the product.
What is Water cement ratio?
You may also like...
2 Responses
 1. kasimvali says:
 i want to do NON Trade Businesss how to apply for GST number and what are the rules
Leave a Reply


}
 class B {
 long idb;
 A myA;
 }
 <class name="A" table"TA">
 <field name="ida" column="IDA"/>
 <field name="myB"> column="FKIDB"/>
 </class>
 <class name="B" table"TB">
 <field name="idb" column="IDB"/>
 <field name="myA" column="FKIDA/>
 </class>
 One-Many Bidirectional relationship
 With a One-Many bidirectional relationship, the usual mapping is to have one foreign key in the Many side of the relation. We strongly advice you to define the mapping of the One side with simple columns and to specify the 'mapped-by' on the Many side.
 Here is an example of One-Many relation ship between 'A' and 'B' classes. The 'A' class references a collection of 'B' instances whereas the 'B' class reference a single A instance.
 class A {
 long ida;
 Collection myBs;
 }
 class B {
 long idb;
 A myA;
 }
 <class name="A" table="TA">
 <field name="ida" column="IDA"/>
 <field name="myBs" mapped-by="myA">
 <collection element-type="B"/>
 </field>
 </class>
 <class name="B" table="TB">
 <field name="idb" column="IDB"/>
 <field name="myA" column="FKIDA"/>
 </class>
 Many-Many Bidirectional relationship
 With a Many-Many bidirectional relationship, there is one join table and two foreign keys. The mapping is defined on only one side and the mapped-by attribut is used on the other.
 Here is an example of Many-Many bidirectional relationship between the 'A' and 'B' classes. The mapping is only defined on the reference 'myAs' (table name and both foreign keys).
 class A {
 long ida;
 Collection myBs;
 }
 class B {
 long idb;
 Collection myAs;
 }
 <class name="A" table="TA">
 <field name="ida" column="IDA"/>
 <field name="myBs" table="TAB">
 <collection element-type="B"/>
 <join column="FKIDA"/>
 <element column="FKIDB"/>
 </field>
 </class>
 <class name="B" table="TB">
 <field name="idb" column="IDB"/>
 <field name="myA" mapped-by="myBs">
 <collection element-type="A"/>
 </field>
 </class>
 15. Class mapped over several tables
 16. In case of legacy database schema, sometimes it is interesting to map a persistent over several table. Currently Speedo supports this mapping if the join conditions between tables are the identifier columns of the persistent class.
 Below is an example of a persistent class (Address) stored on 3 tables (SECONDTAB_ADDRESS_MAIN, SECONDTAB_ADDRESS_DELIV, SECONDTAB_ADDRESS_MAP).
 <class name="Address" identity-type="application" table="SECONDTAB_ADDRESS_MAIN">
 <join table="SECONDTAB_ADDRESS_DELIV">
 <column name="FK_D_STREET" target-column="STREET"/>
 </join>
 <field name="street" primary-key="true" column="STREET"/>
 <field name="city" column="CITY"/>
 <field name="state" column="STATE"/>
 <field name="zip" column="ZIPCODE"/>
 <field name="deliveryInstructions" table="SECONDTAB_ADDRESS_DELIV">
 <column name="DELIV_INS" sql-type="VARCHAR(50)"/>
 </field>
 <field name="signatureRequired" table="SECONDTAB_ADDRESS_DELIV"/>
 <field name="mapJPG" table="SECONDTAB_ADDRESS_MAP" column="IMAGE">
 <join column="FK_M_STREET" target-column="STREET"/>
 </field>
 </class>
 The fields 'street', 'city', 'state' and 'zip' are stored on the main table (SECONDTAB_ADDRESS_MAIN). The fields 'deliveryInstructions' and 'signatureRequired' are stored on the table 'SECONDTAB_ADDRESS_DELIV'. Finally the field 'signatureRequired' is stored on the table 'SECONDTAB_ADDRESS_MAP'. The example shows both ways (at class level or at field level) to declare the secondary tables and their join. When secondary table is declared at field level, any other field of the class can be stored on this secondary table.
 17. Inheritance
 18. An inheritance tree can be mapped according to several strategy: filtered, horizontal, vertical. Here is an example of the inheritance strategies:
 class A {
 String id;
 String f1;
 }
 class B extends A {
 String f2;
 }
 Name Description Schemas of both classes
 Filtered A single table contains all fields of all classes.
 Horizontal Each class has its own table containing its fields and its inherited fields.
 Vertical Each class has its own table containing field of the current class. This table has a join to the parent table. Inherited fields are not mapped again because parent table is used.
 The parent class and inheritance strategy have to be defined in the .jdo file as shown by this example.
 <class name="B" persistence-capable-superclass="A">
 <inheritance strategy="superclass-table"/>
 ...
 </class>
 Currently Speedo supports only two strategies of inheritance mapping: Filtered and horizontal. The next chapters describes details of each strategy.
 Filtered mapping
 This strategy stores the sub class in the same table than its parent. The common table is defined at parent level. Field mapping is defined once time.
 <class name="A" table="TA">
 <inheritance strategy="new-table"/>
 <field name="id" primary-key="true" column="ID"/>
 <field name="f1" column="F1"/>
 </class>
 <class name="B" persistence-capable-superclass="A">
 <inheritance strategy="superclass-table"/>
 <field name="f2" column="F2"/>
 </class>
 To distringuish class of instances a discriminator is required. There are three possibles case for this discriminator:
 If you use the speedo identifier (long value auto computed), no discriminator is required because it is included into the long value. It is the best choice when identifier structure is not defined by the application.
 Horizontal mapping
 With the horizontal strategy, each class has its table. Currently Speedo supports this strategy only if Speedo manages the identifier it already includes a discriminator. With this stategy, the sub class must define the mapping of inherited field. To distinguish fields, you have to add the class name as prefix (fully qualified name if not in the same package).
 <class name="A" table="TA">
 <inheritance strategy="new-table"/>
 <field name="f1" column="F1"/>
 </class>
 <class name="B" persistence-capable-superclass="A" table="TB">
 <inheritance strategy="new-table"/>
 <field name="A.f1" column="F1"/>
 <field name="f2" column="F2"/>
 </class>
 Vertical mapping
 With the vertical mapping strategy, each class has its table. The table contains columns of new fields (not inherited fields). Currently Speedo supports this strategy only if Speedo manages the identifier or if application identifier includes a discriminator. Indeed this mapping choice is the more efficient when you have reference to parent class, because it avoids to look for in all tables corresponding to subclass.
 <class name="A" table="TA">
 <inheritance strategy="new-table"/>
 <field name="f1" column="F1"/>
 </class>
 <class name="B" persistence-capable-superclass="A" table="TB">
 <inheritance strategy="new-table"/>
 <field name="A.f1" column="F1"/>
 <field name="f2" column="F2"/>
 </class>
 19. Index, unique, foreign key declarations
 20. The JDO 2 specification permits to declare constraints and indexes in relational database. For the three type of declaration there are the same ways to define them.
 Note: Currently Speedo supports only indexes and unique constraint.
 21. Sequence
 22. The sequence element identifies a sequence number generator that can be used for several purposes:
 A sequence is defined at the package level


text:
Thomas Prince The double life of the number 24.
The number 24 appears in a somewhat surprising result in the study of polyhedra with integer lattice points. In a different setting, the number 24 is the Euler characteristic of a K3 surface: a four (real) dimensional object which plays a central role in algebraic geometry. We will hint at why both instances of 24 are in fact the same, and suggest that integral affine geometry can be used to interpolate between the realm of integral polytopes and the world of complex algebraic geometry.
Mohit Dalwadi A multiscale mathematical model of bacterial nutrient uptake
In mathematical models that include nutrient delivery to bacteria, it is prohibitively expensive to include many small bacterial regions acting as volumetric nutrient sinks. To combat this problem, such models often impose an effective uptake instead. However, it is not immediately clear how to relate properties on the bacterial scale with this effective result. For example, one may intuitively expect the effective uptake to scale with bacterial volume for weak first-order uptake, and with bacterial surface area for strong first-order uptake. I will present a general model for bacterial nutrient uptake, and upscale the system using homogenization theory to determine how the effective uptake depends on the microscale bacterial properties. This will show us when the intuitive volume and surface area scalings are each valid, as well as the correct form of the effective uptake when neither of these scalings is appropriate.


text:
The Hieroglyphs from A to Z memory game offers a fun way for kids to learn the alphabet. And kids of all ages will enjoy playing the game and learning about hieroglyphs.
Sharpen your recall with this two-or-more player game. Each card features an English letter ("L is for Lion") and an Egyptian hieroglyph for that letter's sound. Match pairs to win and refer to the enclosed booklet for more information about the gylph and the sequence of symbols that spell the whole word. This game was created by Peter Der Manuelian
- 52 Egyptian-motif alphabet cards, each card is 2-1/2 inches square
- 40 page booklet about hieroglyphs
- Instructions for play are printed on the bottom of the box.
- Suitable for ages 3 to 103


What is a Kahawai?
Debra Durkee
Debra Durkee
Kahawai is a popular and desirable target for fishermen.
Kahawai is a popular and desirable target for fishermen.
The kahawai is a saltwater fish native to the waters around Australia and New Zealand. Dwelling in the pelagic zone of the ocean, it is fished commercially throughout its native waters. It is a highly desirable target for fishermen, as it contains high levels of nutrients like omega-3 and presents a challenge in the sport.
Colors vary among green, blue, and purple, although most kahawai have a silvery, pale underbelly that camouflages it to fish that swim beneath. The back and sides may be solid, spotted, or sport dark patches. The majority of the fish weigh between 4.4 pounds (2 kg) and 8.8 pounds (4 kg), although larger individuals are not unheard of. Sizes also vary, and many mature at longer than 12 inches (about 30 cm). Smaller ones are known as kopapa.
While the native waters of the kahawai are the saltwater oceans, the fish do venture into freshwater lakes and rivers that empty into the larger oceans. There, these carnivorous fish hunt prey such as eels and other freshwater fish, although they do not remain in these waters for long. Typically, a kahawai will feed on small saltwater fish, shrimp, and even small squid. The most common places to find large schools are in the estuaries and bays where freshwater and saltwater meet. Schools typically remain fairly close to the surface of the water, making the fish easy to see from above.
The kahawai is a popular target among fly fishermen, and is a challenge to land as it will fight from the moment it is hooked. In addition to being a desirable fish in itself, the kahawai is usually found in large schools closer to the surface than other types of fish. As a predator, it will often travel in schools that follow other groups of fish that it might prey upon; this often serves as a marker for fly fishermen looking for a spot with a variety of fish available. The kahawai is also a favorite food of kingfishers, and flocks of these colorful seabirds can often point the way toward schools of fish.
Also known as the Australian salmon even though it is not a member of the salmon family, the fish travel in schools usually made up of individuals in the same size range. Fishermen have found schools that remain in the same place for weeks at a time, although with frequent fishing, instances of these stationary schools are dwindling. As the kahawai is such a popular fish for sport and commercial fishermen, numbers have declined in some areas.
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 - Kahawai is a popular and desirable target for fishermen.
 Kahawai is a popular and desirable target for fishermen.


text:
the area.
Here at low tide, you get the chance to see the beautiful formations of flowerpot rocks (caused by tidal erosion) that stand up to 70 feet tall and walk the ocean floor for over 2 km.
At high tide approximately 6 hours and 50 ft of water later you can explore the same areas but perhaps by boat, kayak or the observation points as they are now filled with water, making the flowerpot rocks appear as islands.
There are plenty of educational and interactive learning opportunities located at Hopewell Rock as well so it is fun for the whole family.


text:
Objective To report the latest long-term outcome of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and to analyze the predictors of prognosis.Methods Subjects who were diagnosed with ALS between January 2005 and December 2009 at a single institute were followed up until death or up to December 2014. Data regarding age, sex, date of onset, date of diagnosis, presence of bulbar symptoms on onset, date of initiation of non-invasive ventilation (NIV), and the date of tracheostomy were collected. Survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate analyses of the risk of death were performed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results Among 212 suspicious subjects, definite ALS was diagnosed in 182 subjects. The survival rate at 3 and 5 years from onset was 61.5% and 40.1%, respectively, and the survival rate at 3 and 5 years post-diagnosis was 49.5% and 24.2%, respectively. Further, 134 patients (134/182, 73.6%) were initiated on NIV, and among them, 90 patients (90/182, 49.5%) underwent tracheostomy. Male gender and onset age of ≥65 years were independent predictors of adverse survival.Conclusion The analysis of long term survival in ALS showed excellent outcomes considering the overall poor prognosis of this disease.
Bibliographical notePublisher Copyright:
© 2017 by Korean Academy of Rehabilitation Medicine.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes


text:
Storage-Related Post-Harvest Losses
English: % of target farmers who experienced post-harvest losses due to poor storage of crops after the [specify the season]
French: % des agriculteurs ciblés qui ont subi des pertes après récolte en raison d'un mauvais entreposage des cultures après [précisez la saison]
Portuguese: % de agricultores-alvo que sofreram perdas pós-colheita devido ao armazenamento deficiente de culturas após o [especifique a estação do ano]
Czech: % cílových farmářů postižených posklizňovými ztrátami způsobené nevhodným skladováním plodin po [určete sezónu]
What is its purpose?
The indicator measures the proportion of supported households whose stores of certain crops were affected by pests or diseases. Inadequate storage is one of the main causes of post-production losses, accounting for up to 10% of losses to a household's harvest.
How to Collect and Analyse the Required Data
Determine the indicator's value by using the following methodology:
1) Specify the crop(s) your survey focuses on. If required, provide further specification of what exactly is stored (e.g. maize cobs versus maize grains).
2) In consultation with the extension workers, local farmers and the project staff, list for the given crop(s) a limited number (2-4) of the most common causes of storage-related loses.
3) Collect the following data by conducting individual interviews with a representative sample of the target farmers:
Q1: After the [specify the season], did you store any [specify the crop/product]?
A1: yes / no
(ask the following question only if the previous question is YES)
Q2: After the [specify the season], did you lose a part of the stored [specify the crop/product] due to [specify the cause of storage-related losses]?
A2: yes / no
4) Consider also assessing the amount of the stored harvest that was lost due to the assessed cause. Do so either by asking for specific quantities (use locally known units) or by using the 1-5 scale, as explained under Q3 in the Production Losses indicator.
5) Calculate the indicator's value by dividing the number of respondents who incurred storage-related loses by the number of respondents who stored the given crop(s) and multiplying it by 100. For example, 100 affected respondents divided by 400 respondents who stored the crop, multiplied by 100 = 25% households affected.
Repeat the process for other common, severe causes and the crops you focus on.
Disaggregate the data by wealth.
1) In order to analyse the data and allow for useful disaggregation, also collect data on the type of storage facilities the interviewed household members use.
2) Do your best to secure photos of the diseases affecting stored crops and ask the data collectors to show them to the respondents to prevent any misunderstandings.
3) European Commission's DEVCO recommends to use two similar indicators: "Volume (in tonnes) and value (currency) of post-harvest losses" and "Proportion of harvest that is lost post-harvest".


read_csv?
Even though this functions has many parameters, we will simply pass it the location of the text file.
Location = C:\Users\TYPE_USER_NAME.xy\startups\births1880.txt
Note: Depending on where you save your notebooks, you may need to modify the location above.
In [16]:
Location = r'C:\Users\david\births1880.txt'
df = read_csv(Location)
Notice the r before the string. Since the slashes are special characters, prefixing the string with a r will escape the whole string.
In [17]:
df.info()
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
Int64Index: 999 entries, 0 to 998
Data columns (total 2 columns):
Mary 999 non-null values
968 999 non-null values
dtypes: int64(1), object(1)
Summary says:
 - There are 999 records in the data set
 - There is a column named Mary with 999 values
 - There is a column named 968 with 999 values
 - Out of the two columns, one is numeric, the other is non numeric
To actually see the contents of the dataframe we can use the head() function which by default will return the first five records. You can also pass in a number n to return the top n records of the dataframe.
In [18]:
df.head()
Out[18]:
Mary 968
0 Jessica 155
1 Jessica 77
2 Bob 578
3 Jessica 973
4 Jessica 124
5 rows × 2 columns
This brings us the our first problem of the exercise. The read_csv function treated the first record in the text file as the header names. This is obviously not correct since the text file did not provide us with header names.
To correct this we will pass the header parameter to the read_csv function and set it to None (means null in python).
In [19]:
df = read_csv(Location, header=None)
df.info()
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
Int64Index: 1000 entries, 0 to 999
Data columns (total 2 columns):
0 1000 non-null values
1 1000 non-null values
dtypes: int64(1), object(1)
Summary now says:
 - There are 1000 records in the data set
 - There is a column named 0 with 1000 values
 - There is a column named 1 with 1000 values
 - Out of the two columns, one is numeric, the other is non numeric
Now lets take a look at the last five records of the dataframe
In [20]:
df.tail()
Out[20]:
0 1
995 John 151
996 Jessica 511
997 John 756
998 Jessica 294
999 John 152
5 rows × 2 columns
If we wanted to give the columns specific names, we would have to pass another paramter called names. We can also omit the header parameter.
In [21]:
df = read_csv(Location, names=['Names','Births'])
df.head(5)
Out[21]:
Names Births
0 Mary 968
1 Jessica 155
2 Jessica 77
3 Bob 578
4 Jessica 973
5 rows × 2 columns
You can think of the numbers [0,1,2,3,4,...] as the row numbers in an Excel file. In pandas these are part of the index of the dataframe. You can think of the index as the primary key of a sql table with the exception that an index is allowed to have duplicates.
[Names, Births] can be though of as column headers similar to the ones found in an Excel spreadsheet or sql database.
Delete the csv file now that we are done using it.
In [22]:
import os
os.remove(Location)
Prepare Data
The data we have consists of baby names and the number of births in the year 1880. We already know that we have 1,000 records and none of the records are missing (non-null values). We can verify the "Names" column still only has five unique names.
We can use the unique property of the dataframe to find all the unique records of the "Names" column.
In [23]:
# Method 1:
df['Names'].unique()
Out[23]:
array(['Mary', 'Jessica', 'Bob', 'John', 'Mel'], dtype=object)
In [24]:
# If you actually want to print the unique values:
for x in df['Names'].unique():
 print x
Mary
Jessica
Bob
John
Mel
In [25]:
# Method 2:
print df['Names'].describe()
count 1000
unique 5
top Bob
freq 206
Name: Names, dtype: object
Since we have multiple values per baby name, we need to aggregate this data so we only have a baby name appear once. This means the 1,000 rows will need to become 5. We can accomplish this by using the groupby function.
In [26]:
'''
df.groupby(self, by=None, axis=0, level=None, as_index=True, sort=True, group_keys=True)
Group series using mapper (dict or key function, apply given function
to group, return result as series) or by a series of columns
'''
df.groupby?
In [27]:
# Create a groupby object
Name = df.groupby('Names')
# Apply the sum function to the groupby object
df = Name.sum()
df
Out[27]:
Births
Names
Bob 106817
Jessica 97826
John 90705
Mary 99438
Mel 102319
5 rows × 1 columns
Analyze Data
To find the most popular name or the baby name with the higest birth rate, we can do one of the following.
 - Sort the dataframe and select the top row
 - Use the max() attribute to find the maximum value
In [28]:
# Method 1:
Sorted = df.sort(['Births'], ascending=[0])
Sorted.head(1)
Out[28]:
Births
Names
Bob 106817
1 rows × 1 columns
In [29]:
# Method 2:
df['Births'].max()
Out[29]:
106817
Present Data
Here we can plot the Births column and label the graph to show the end user the highest point on the graph. In conjunction with the table, the end user has a clear picture that Bob is the most popular baby name in the data set.
In [30]:
# Create graph
df['Births'].plot(kind='bar')
print "The most popular name"
df.sort(columns = 'Births', ascending = False)
The most popular name
Out[30]:
Births
Names
Bob 106817
Mel 102319
Mary 99438
Jessica 97826
John 90705
5 rows × 1 columns
Author: David Rojas LLC


text: The ability to share data among numerous software applications used to design and analyze products is an important aspect of computer integrated manufacturing. In the past, data sharing has been implemented by direct translation of data files, through neutral data formats, and through central shared databases. This paper describes a data sharing architecture that addresses some of the limitations of these systems. It employs a database management system as a central repository for part data in an application independent format. A configurable translator, called Datatrans, is used to transfer data between the database management system and native application data files. In this way software from multiple independent vendors or legacy software can be supported, because applications need not incorporate code specific to any database management system nor have knowledge of the centralized database schema. The translator uses grammars to define and recognize the data to be translated. The grammar is augmented with commands that are passed to the front-end of the database management system or to application programs to store and retrieve data. Thus the query language and the application commands serve as a high level interface to the underlying database and application data files. Entity transformations that are beyond the scope of a grammatical description are performed by database methods, which are available to all applications. An implementation of the system demonstrates the feasibility of this approach.


OpenBSD manual page server
Manual Page Search Parameters
KVM_OPEN(3) Library Functions Manual KVM_OPEN(3)
kvm_open, kvm_openfiles, kvm_closeinitialize kernel virtual memory access
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <kvm.h>
kvm_t *
kvm_open(const char *execfile, const char *corefile, const char *swapfile, int flags, const char *errstr);
kvm_t *
kvm_openfiles(const char *execfile, const char *corefile, const char *swapfile, int flags, char *errbuf);
int
kvm_close(kvm_t *kd);
The functions () and kvm_openfiles() return a descriptor used to access kernel virtual memory via the kvm(3) library routines. Both active kernels and crash dumps are accessible through this interface.
execfile is the executable image of the kernel being examined. This file must contain a symbol table. If this argument is NULL, the currently running system is assumed, which is indicated by _PATH_KSYMS, if it exists, otherwise _PATH_UNIX is used. Both are defined in <paths.h>.
corefile is the kernel memory device file. It can be either /dev/mem or a crash dump core generated by savecore(8). If corefile is NULL, the default indicated by _PATH_MEM from <paths.h> is used.
swapfile should indicate the swap device. If NULL, no swap device will be used.
The flags argument indicates read/write access as in open(2) and applies only to the core file. Only O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY, and O_RDWR are permitted. A special value KVM_NO_FILES can be specified which will cause no files to be opened and the handle can only be used on live kernels on a limited subset of all kvm operations.
There are two open routines which differ only with respect to the error mechanism. One provides backward compatibility with the SunOS kvm library, while the other provides an improved error reporting framework.
The () function is the Sun kvm compatible open call. Here, the errstr argument indicates how errors should be handled. If it is NULL, no errors are reported and the application cannot know the specific nature of the failed kvm call. If it is not NULL, errors are printed to stderr with errstr prepended to the message, as in perror(3). Normally, the name of the program is used here. The string is assumed to persist at least until the corresponding () call.
The () function provides BSD style error reporting. Here, error messages are not printed out by the library. Instead, the application obtains the error message corresponding to the most recent kvm library call using () (see kvm_geterr(3)). The results are undefined if the most recent kvm call did not produce an error. Since kvm_geterr() requires a kvm descriptor, but the open routines return NULL on failure, kvm_geterr() cannot be used to get the error message if open fails. Thus, kvm_openfiles() will place any error message in the errbuf argument. This buffer should be _POSIX2_LINE_MAX characters large (from <limits.h>).
The kvm_open() and kvm_openfiles() functions both return a descriptor to be used in all subsequent kvm library calls. The library is fully re-entrant. On failure, NULL is returned, in which case kvm_openfiles() writes the error message into errbuf.
The kvm_close() function returns 0 on success and -1 on failure.
open(2), kvm(3), kvm_geterr(3), kvm_getprocs(3), kvm_nlist(3), kvm_read(3)
There should not be two open calls. The ill-defined error semantics of the Sun library and the desire to have a backward-compatible library for BSD left little choice.
April 4, 2015 OpenBSD-6.1


text:
It's not a garden, it's a tree.
The hickories nut tree is a hardy species that can withstand extreme cold, but the growing medium can be tough and hard to work with.
It's one of a few species of trees that can't tolerate drought, but its resilience to the cold and harsh conditions of New Zealand's North Island has given it a special place in the hearts of bushwalker and bushfire survivors.
Hickory nuts are native to Australia, New Zealand and Tasmania, but they are more common in New Zealand.
They can reach as high as 1.2 metres (5ft) and grow up to 40cm (16in) in diameter, making them among the largest nut trees in the world.
The tree has two branches, each of which is slightly different.
The thick-leafed, dark brown, slender, black and shiny, the hickores have long slender leaves.
The tips are also black.
It grows best in moist soils, but can survive dry conditions.
It is very adaptable and can be planted outdoors, even in a house, in a bush or in the back yard.
It has a wide range of varieties, and it is easy to grow.
What are the different kinds?
The most common kind is the red-leaf nut tree, which is hardy to the southern hemisphere.
It produces a seed from a single seed pod and can survive a dry winter.
It is also commonly known as the yellow-bark nut tree.
It can grow up as tall as 60cm (2ft), and is a favourite among bushwalkers.
However, this tree is harder to grow in the warmer climate, so it's best suited to a more semi-arid environment.
More recently, a red-barks tree has come to be seen in New South Wales and Victoria, which produce large quantities of nuts.
These trees produce their seeds from seed pods.
They are also quite hardy, with a tolerance to drought up to one month.
But this is just the beginning.
A tree can grow from a seed pod up to a whopping 140cm (45ft) tall.
In the past, the tree was sometimes confused with a red bark nut.
It was a mistake.
Red barks nut trees can survive freezing temperatures up to -40C (-40F), but their root system is very different from that of the hicks.
This means that they need a good source of moisture to grow and are prone to frost damage if they get too cold.
These trees can also survive extreme cold up to 6C (-4F).
It's worth noting that red barks nuts are not drought tolerant, so they're not a great choice for people trying to grow hickys.
This tree is not the only one.
The red bays are not the tallest tree in the North Island, but their long leaves and short, skinny, slender branches can withstand some harsh conditions.
If you've ever been a bushwalker, you know that they are often referred to as "frightening trees".
They can be found in the mountains and along the coast, and can withstand the harsh winter winds of the north.
In a recent study, researchers found that red-bs trees can grow to a height of 10 metres (33ft), but the longer they grow, the more susceptible they are to frost.
It may also be difficult to get enough rain in the winter.
A good tree to grow outdoors is the hicswimmer tree, but even this species can survive temperatures as low as -30C (-21F).
There are also other varieties of nut trees that are harder to reach and harder to work on.
There's also another variety of nut tree called the black-barn nut tree that is particularly hardy and resistant to drought.
These are commonly found in south-eastern Australia.
They grow up a few metres in height, but also produce seeds from pods.
It does not need a lot of moisture and is tolerant of drought.
Another tree that grows in southern New Zealand is the orange-barg tree.
This is a slightly smaller, more delicate tree that produces seeds from seeds.
It doesn't need much moisture and can tolerate very mild winter temperatures up -20C (-11F).
However, these trees are very hardy.
An orange-banana tree is another tree that can be grown outdoors, but it's less common than a hicks tree.
These will grow up from seeds, but are usually more suited to the colder, subtropical climates of the South Island.
They're particularly hardier than hicks, and the colder temperatures of New England and the north-east of the country can make it harder to harvest them.
Finally, there are other tree varieties that can grow outdoors, such as the kiwi nut tree and the hawthorn nut tree in New England.
These can grow