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Inside Macintosh: Operating System Utilities /
Chapter 4 - Date, Time, and Measurement Utilities
Using the Date, Time, and Measurement Utilities
This section describes how to
Getting the Current Date and Time
The Date, Time, and Measurement Utilities provide
You can access the date-time information through a date-time record, representing the date and time, or you can access the date-time information through a standard date-time value, a 32-bit integer representing the number of seconds since midnight, January 1, 1904.
To obtain the current date-time information, you can use the GetDateTime and GetTime procedures. The GetDateTime procedure requires that you pass it a standard date-time value as a parameter. Listing 4-1 shows how you can get the current date-time information, expressed as a number of seconds. The application-defined procedure MyCurrentDateTimeInt returns in the long integer the number of seconds elapsed since midnight, January 1, 1904.
Listing 4-1 Getting the current date and time with the GetDateTime procedure
PROCEDURE MyCurrentDateTimeInt (VAR myStandardDateTime: LongInt);
BEGIN
 GetDateTime(myStandardDateTime);
END;
The GetTime procedure requires that you pass it a date-time record as a parameter, and it fills in the fields of this record appropriately. Listing 4-2 shows how you can get the current date-time information, expressed as a date and time. The application-defined procedure MyCurrentDateTimeRec returns in the fields of the date-time record the current date and time.
Listing 4-2 Getting the current date and time with the GetTime procedure
PROCEDURE MyCurrentDateTimeRec (VAR myDateTime: DateTimeRec);
BEGIN
 GetTime(myDateTime);
END;
If you need to access the date-time information through a long date-time value or a long date-time record, see "Converting Date-Time Formats" beginning on page 4-12 for more information about converting date-time formats.
Setting the Current Date and Time
Your application can change the current date-time information stored in both the system global variable Time and in the clock chip by calling either the SetDateTime function or the SetTime procedure. The SetDateTime function requires a 32-bit integer as a parameter. The SetTime procedure requires a date-time record as a parameter.
Note
If you are using formats other than a date-time value or a date-time record to access date-time information, you must first convert these formats into a standard date-time value or a date-time record before you can write the new date-time information to the clock chip. See "Converting Date-Time Formats" beginning on page 4-12 for more information about converting date-time formats.
Listing 4-3 shows an application-defined function that uses the SetDateTime function to change the current date and time to 5:50 A.M. on April 5, 1994.
Listing 4-3 Changing the current date and time with the SetDateTime function
FUNCTION MyChangeDateTimeInt: OSErr;
VAR
 myDateTimeInt: LongInt;
 myErr: OSErr;
BEGIN
 myDateTimeInt := $A9C6AC88;
 myErr := SetDateTime(myDateTimeInt);
END;
Listing 4-4 shows an application-defined procedure that uses the SetTime function to change the current date and time to 5:50 A.M. on April 5, 1994.
Listing 4-4 Changing the current date and time with the SetTime function
PROCEDURE MyChangeDateTimeRec;
VAR
 myDateTimeRec: DateTimeRec;
 myErr: OSErr;
BEGIN
 WITH myDateTimeRec DO
 BEGIN
 year := 1994;
 month := 4;
 day := 5;
 hour := 5;
 minute := 50;
 second := 0;
 dayOfWeek := 3;
 END;
 SetTime(myDateTimeRec);
END;
IMPORTANT
Users can change the current date and time stored in both the system global variable Time and in the clock chip by using the General Controls control panel, Date & Time control panel, or the Alarm Clock desk accessory. In general, your application should not directly change the current date-time information. If your application does need to modify the current date-time information, it should instruct the user how to change the date and time.
Converting Date-Time Formats
The Date, Time, and Measurement Utilities provide four routines--the DateToSeconds, SecondsToDate, LongDateToSeconds, and LongSecondsToDate procedures--that you can use to convert date-time formats. You can convert a date and time to a number of seconds and a number of seconds to a date and time.
Note that when you call one of these routines, system software uses the DateToSeconds, SecondsToDate, LongDateToSeconds, and LongSecondsToDate procedures provided by the current script system.
Note
The routines that convert between time formats assume that each day contains 86,400 seconds. Occasionally (approximately once each two years) astronomers add a second to either June 31 or December 31 to compensate for imperfections in the earth's rotation. If you need to compute the exact number of seconds between two points in time, you might need to take these occasional additions into account. The routines that convert between formats are designed not to provide astronomical accuracy, but merely to convert data between one data structure and another.
If you use a standard date-time value or a date-time record to access date-time information, you can use the SecondsToDate procedure to convert a number of seconds to a date and time, and the DateToSeconds procedure to convert a date and time to a number of seconds. Listing 4-5 shows an application-defined procedure, MyConvertSecondsAndDates, that uses the SecondsToDate and DateToSeconds procedures to manipulate the date-time information. After calling the GetDateTime procedure, MyConvertSecondsAndDates calls the SecondsToDate procedure to convert the number of seconds (returned by the GetDateTime procedure) to a date and time. The MyConvertSecondsAndDates procedure manipulates the year field in the date-time record and then calls DateToSeconds to convert the date and time back into a number of seconds. The SetDateTime procedure writes the new date-time information to the clock chip.
Listing 4-5 Manipulating date-time information
PROCEDURE MyConvertSecondsAndDates;
VAR
 myDateTimeRec: DateRec;
 mySeconds: DateTime;
 myErr: OSErr;
BEGIN
 GetDateTime(mySeconds);
 SecondsToDate(mySeconds, myDateTimeRec);
 WITH myDateTimeRec DO
 year := year + 1;
 DateToSeconds (myDateTimeRec, mySeconds);
 myErr := SetDateTime(mySeconds);
END;
If you access date-time information through a long date-time value or a long date-time record, you can use the LongSecondsToDate procedure to convert a number of seconds to a date and time and use the LongDateToSeconds procedure to convert a date and time to a number of seconds.
If the type of data structure that you are using to access date-time information is insufficient, you can use a different date-time structure.
The Gregorian calendar is the default for converting to and from the long date-time forms. The current range allowed in conversion is roughly 30,000 B.C. to 30,000 A.D.
To present a date and time value as a date and time text string, you need to use Text Utilities routines, such as the DateString, TimeString, StringToDate, StringToTime, LongDateString, and LongTimeString routines. (Note that the date-string conversion routines do not append strings for A.D. or B.C.) For a complete description of these routines, see Inside Macintosh: Text.
Calculating Dates
In the date-time record and long date-time record, any value in the month, day, hour, minute, or second field that exceeds the maximum value allowed for that field, will cause a wraparound to a future date and time when you modify the date-time format.
You can use these wraparound facts to calculate and retrieve information about a specific date. For example, you can use a date-time record and the DateToSeconds and SecondsToDate procedures to calculate the 300th day of 1994. Set the month field of the date-time record to 1 and the year field to 1994. To find the 300th day of 1994, set the day field of the date-time record to 300. Initialize the rest of the fields in the record to values that do not exceed the maximum value allowed for that field. (Refer to the description of the date-time record on page 4-23 for a complete list of possible values).
To force a wrap-around, first convert the date and time (in this example, January 1, 1994) to the number of seconds elapsed since midnight, January 1, 1904 (by calling the DateToSeconds procedure). Once you have converted the date and time to a number of seconds, you convert the number of seconds back to a date and time (by calling the


Quick Answer: How Do I Pin A Tab At The Top?
How do you pause tabs?
Step 1: Click on the TooManyTabs icon to the right of the address bar.
Step 2: The page that appears will show a list of all the tabs you have open.
Click on the small arrow next to a tab to suspend it from operation..
How do I permanently pin a tab in Chrome?
Pinned tabs can become permanent if you tell Chrome to remember your last browsing session.Click the Chrome menu button, followed by "Settings," and then locate the "On Startup" heading.Click on the "Continue Where I Left Off" radio button.More items…
How do I pin a tab without a mouse?
Alt+P is the default key combination. Now, you can press the chosen modifier key and letter you chose to pin the current tab.
What does it mean to pin a tab in Chrome?
Pinning browser tabs is a feature built in to the Google Chrome browser that makes it easier to manage having multiple pages open within the browser simultaneously. The feature narrows the tab and moves it to the left of the screen.
How do you pin all tabs at once?
That's the "Pin Tab" feature. To start using this to organize your tabs, all you have to do is to right-click on a tab in Google Chrome and select the "Pin Tab" option. You can do this for all of your web apps that you keep open all day.
How do I lock a tab in Windows?
Users can lock tabs by clicking the button in the address bar, or by using the Ctrl+Alt+L shortcut. Once you've locked a page, the tab title changes and a Locked keyword is added to the tab. Moreover, when a tab is locked, any new pages that are browsed in the same tab are also auto-locked.
What does it mean to pin a tab?
Pinned Tabs allow you to always keep your favorite web apps like Facebook, Gmail and Twitter open and just a click away. Pinned Tabs are small, can't be closed accidentally and open automatically when you start Firefox.
What is Google PIN code?
Your PIN is a 4- or 5-digit number that identifies you as an authorized Google Fiber customer. … You can create or change your Google Account PIN within your account to take certain actions, like set up a device or make a purchase.
How do I pin a page?
Pinning a Web Page without the Pinterest Pin It ButtonCopy the URL of the page where the image appears. … Click the Add+ button at the top-right corner of the screen. … Click the Add a Pin button. … Paste the URL you copied in Step 1 into the URL field.Click the Find Images button.More items…
Where did my pin tabs go?
Create a new folder in Bookmarks Bar and name it "Pinned". … When I lose everything, including pinned tabs, right click on the "Pinned" folder in Bookmarks bar and select the "Open all bookmarks in new window" option. This will open all the pinned tabs you previously bookmarked, in the same order as before.
Can you lock a tab in Chrome?
Install Lock Tab from Chrome Web Store. … Then click on the blue Lock Tab icon appearing at the end of address bar. Instantly the tab will be locked with a change in the locker icon. A keyword "Locked" will also be added to the page title of the tab.
How do I get my pinned tabs back?
If you closed a pinned tab you can get it back pressing Ctrl + Shift + T altogether inmediatly after it was closed. Alternatively you can also right click a tab and select open previously closed tab.
Why did my Chrome tabs disappear?
It looks as if it doesn't have any tab. It does have a tab though if you drag at the rightmost edge of the browserwindows. … If you then drag again at the rightmost edge of the browser-window, ALL TABS DISAPPEAR. The same thing happen if you restart Google Chrome with a browser-window that is wider than your screen.
How do Tab washers work?


Relation of fasting insulin to blood pressure and lipids in adolescents and parents
Alan R. Sinaiko, Orlando Gomez-Marin, Ronald J. Prineas
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
33 Scopus citations
Abstract
This study was intended to clarify the relation between fasting insulin, lipids, and blood pressure in adolescents before the onset of hypertension and to examine the association of these data with similar data obtained in their parents. The participants in this study were 183 adolescents 14 to 18 years old (96 girls) completing a 4-year intervention trial and their parents (164 mothers, 122 fathers). Blood pressure was measured twice on the right arm in a seated position using a random-zero sphygmomanometer. Fasting blood samples were obtained for lipid and insulin analyses. Fasting insulin was significantly correlated with systolic blood pressure in the adolescents and also in the parents before and after adjustment for body mass index. Fasting insulin was correlated significantly with levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL and LDL cholesterol in the adolescents. It was correlated only with triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol in mothers and fathers. After adjustment for body mass index, the correlations between fasting insulin and lipids in the children were not significant. A significant relation was shown between children's systolic blood pressure and mothers' fasting insulin and systolic blood pressure. Significant correlations were found between the children's and fathers' triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol, whereas significant correlations were found for fasting insulin and all lipids between mothers and children, and these remained significant after adjustment for body mass index. These results show (1) a significant relation between fasting insulin and both lipids and systolic blood pressure in adolescents and (2) a significant relation for these factors between adolescents and their parents. Although weight appears to play an important role in this relation during adolescence, genetic and environmental factors other than those mediated via weight may control insulin metabolism within families. The data support a role for studies during early biological development to address these issues.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1554-1559
Number of pages6
JournalHypertension
Volume30
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - Dec 1997
Keywords
 - Adolescence
 - Blood pressure
 - Insulin
 - Lipids
ASJC Scopus subject areas
 - Internal Medicine
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text:
So what is WIP? I'd like to explain WIP or work in progress to distinguish it from ''semi-finished goods ''. Very frequently, the two terms are used interchangeably but it is a little more complicated than this.
WIP is a mix of raw materials, semi-finished or even finished products, which are placed in a new production process but is not yet completed.
To put it simply, it is as if you wanted to uncover a pan where the ingredients were recently made for a sauce of a dish at the restaurant. This semi-finished product, bearing in mind the metaphor above, is only the cooked sauce. In the grander scheme of things, you still have to cook the pasta and add the sauce to produce finished product.
Here, we see the semifinished product represents only one stage of manufacturing of the finished product. However, unlike the WIP, a semi-finished product already has its own physical and commercial identity.
By treating the issue in more orthodox tones, from an accounting point of view, the WIP represents the aggregated costs necessary for the realization of the finished product.The analytical account opened to the recognition of WIP are loaded costs of materials used in the entrance, the cost of labor used (whether direct or indirect), the cost of machines, their consumption and other tools necessary to produce the product.
Meanwhile, the semi-finished product is something more than an aggregate of costs - this already has a physical identity. The semi-finished products are in fact equipped with their own identification code and may be available for sale or can continue within the production process.
The more the company's production process is sustained, the more the concept of WIP becomes more relevant. Because of this, it becomes more necessary for the controller to focus on the following aspects:
- Cost of monitoring WIP, attributing the costs of labor, raw materials inventory and the account that includes industrial indirect costs on the ''production account'' (or WIP account). This highlights the storage of products in progress.
- The methodology by which the end of each accounting period is established, how much of the total of the finished products is represented by WIP units using the same completion percentage. The completion percentage represents the resource costs that any WIP units used in relation to the total resources required to achieve the finished product.
For the moment, let us confine ourselves to the first of the preceding two paragraphs. In this case, the ERP should allow monitoring and correctly attribute the costs to WIP by:
- Presence of an analytical accounting plan; which allows you to assign levels of an item of the production account (or WIP account), an account for rejects and an account for the differences in the cost of WIP.
- Production cycles, tracked step by step through different types of transaction or different states of the same work order:
a. Opening of a new work order, which requires the necessary materials according to the Bill of Materials and empties the stock of raw materials on the production account (or WIP account) of the finished product.
b. Completion of the work order, which drains the production account and loads the finished products warehouse account.
c. Closure of the work order, which will enable the realized order to make an analysis of the deviations in quantity and value.
- The detection of rejects during the advancement of the work order
- Mapping and enhancement of various categories of industrial indirect costs, each of which must be divided among the accounts according to appropriate allocation coefficients
- Possibility of being able to assign to each phase of information such as machining centers involved and related machinery, required number of direct workers, man hours and machine hours required.
Learn more about the key features of this retail-specialized enterprise resource planning (ERP) software. Download our free Openbravo product features brochure which gives a closer technical view of the system

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Don't let your dives go to waste! Grab your mesh bag, scuba gear and data card to make #EveryDiveaSurveyDive and contribute to the #NextMillion2020 goal!
Project AWARE's flagship citizen-science program, Dive Against Debris®, empowers scuba divers to remove marine debris from the ocean and report data on the types, quantities and locations of materials collected.
Since the program's launch in 2011, more than 50,000 divers have participated in Dive Against Debris in 114 countries around the world, reporting over 1 million pieces of trash. As the only underwater debris data collection program of its kind, Dive Against Debris both improves the health of ocean ecosystems through localized volunteer efforts and provides valuable information about underwater debris to help inform policy change.
This step is essential! Once reported, your Dive Against Debris data enters a global database to help support the development and implementation of policies to improve solid waste management, locally and globally. You can also report your data via your smartphone. Download the free Dive Against Debris app from Google Playor iTunes and turn your phone into a tool for conservation.
Our next goal: Add our next million pieces of debris to the global Dive Against Debris dataset by the end of 2020 to mobilize local communities and continue to build evidence of the scale of the global marine debris crisis. Be part of the #NextMillion2020!

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Providing the comfort of instant hot water is the key requirement of any modern hot water system. The Raychem single-pipe system keeps water at the right temperature in a building's water distribution pipe work. The intelligent system first keeps the investment cost low and then it operates economically and efficiently.
Hot water supply without wasting water or power is a requirement of any modern hot water system. At the same time, the system has to be run on economically and maintenance-free.
Please call us to discuss your requirements.
We make every effort in answering your questions. Below is a list of those questions we are frequently asked. Click on a question to expand its answer.
Yes, when using trace heating on plastic pipes ensure that ATE- 180 aluminium tape is used to help disperse the heat around the pipe.
Yes, utilising our in-house design facilities, we can design your complete trace heating requirement.
Yes, thermal insulation is required on all heat trace applications. Without insulation, surface heat losses can increase approximately 4-5 times.
System checks depend on the system installed, constant wattage systems can be fully checked for insulation resistance and continuity. Self regulating systems can only be checked for insulation resi...
When water pipes are exposed to cold temperatures either outdoors, underground or in small spaces, you can protect them from freezing by wrapping them with heat tape. Heating tape is actually a cor...


text:
Only one day before the ICES workshop on fish condition (WKFICON) starts in Girona, we have been informed that Professor Georgiy Shulman passed away on 13 November 2016 at the age of 87.
Dr. Shulman was a renowned marine zoologist specializing in fish ecology and physiology. His well-known investigations have had great significance in the areas of fish adaptations, biodiversity, life history and productivity, and fishery problems. His research was carried out at the Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas in Sevastopol, Ukraine. He was the author of many books and articles that provided an undeniable and substantial contribution to fish condition studies.
We all mourn the loss of an excellent scientist and teacher who inspired us. We hope to continue his work.


text: Using a craft knife, carve the clay into a rectangular piece roughly the circumference of the glass bottle and bend it gently around the bottle. (Tip: Clay will stick to glass if pressed against the surface, so use a light hand in working with clay on the bottle mold.) Add strips of clay to form the bottom portion of the vase, using your finger to smooth the joints. Add another strip to create a top lip. Use your finger to gently smooth the surface, join the creases, and use a small amount water to wet the clay along the seams. Use dampened sponge to smooth uneven surfaces.


text:
- Short-lived climate pollutants
- Our work
- Our partners
- Resources for action
- News & Events
- The Coalition
Abstract - The rapid economic growth has increased trace gas emissions in East Asia, resulting in various environmental issues, including acid deposition, regional haze, air quality degradation, and climate change, which are critical to the human existence. In particular, air quality degradation became an object of rising concern in East Asian countries. In order to understand sources, transport, and chemical transformation of air pollutants, scientists have widely used atmospheric chemical transport models (CTMs) in East Asia. Here we review our knowledge related to the present air quality issues and their modeling, focusing on O3 and particulate matter in East Asia. We finally suggest a few recommendations for the next generation of air quality models to improve their capability and use in this region.
Park, R. J. & S. Kim (2014) Air Quality Modeling in East Asia: present issues and future directions, Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 50(1):105-120.


What is an " Apostille „?
In German inheritance law, the probate court usually asks for documents that have to be provided with an " Apostille „. But: What is an " Apostille „?
Asking for an Apostille means that the document needs to be „legalised", in other words that another, higher authority confirms its authenticity.
How that can be done depends on the state and the authority, in which the document was originally issued.
There is a lot of differences between the legal systems, which is why it can be worth to ask first the probate court what kind of legalization or „Apostille" they need from your special country or the state where the documents stem from (which does not have to be your country).
Prices for legalisation also vary a lot between the different countries, but they cost around 30,- € usually, give or take. But the money you might waste by getting a useless legalization is maybe not even the worst. Even more annoying could be the waste of time – by getting a stamp from somewhere, then sending the documents to the German probate court – and then weeks later getting the information that this paper was not the one they needed.
It is wiser to ask someone competent to give you or get you a reliable answer.
If you need competent advice in English, you can contact us here
Dr. Donat Ebert
Rechtsanwalt – Lawyer
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FORM-Blog_Eating Before Surgery (1)
Why do I have to stop eating before plastic surgery?
For any surgery we perform during which patients will be put to sleep, i.e. undergo general anesthesia, patients will be asked to stop eating and drinking at midnight the night before their surgery date. This blog will answer all our most commonly asked questions about this aspect of your surgery. Note that this information is specific to patients of FORM Face + Body, and you may receive different instructions if you are undergoing other types of surgery.
Why is it important to fast before plastic surgery?
Having food or beverages in your digestive system during surgery can be dangerous. It can result in vomiting or aspiration; meaning the contents of your stomach are expelled upwards through the esophagus and travel back down through your windpipe. If you've ever had something 'go down the wrong way' while you're eating, you'll know what this feels like. When you're conscious, you can react to this by coughing and clearing your airway. However, under general anesthesia your muscles are paralyzed and your reflexes will not react, meaning food could enter your lungs and damage or infect them.
You will also be intubated for your surgery, meaning an endotracheal tube will be placed down your throat after you are asleep to assist with breathing during the surgery. Intubation can make aspiration more likely. We can minimize these risks by making sure your stomach is empty prior to surgery. The guideline of ceasing to eat or drink at midnight the night before your surgery is based on the time it takes for your stomach to digest and clear its contents.
What happens if I eat or drink too close to my surgery time by mistake?
In this case, we may have to postpone your surgery. It is important to tell your surgical team what you consumed and when—your health and safety is the most important thing.
What should I eat for my last meal before surgery?
Generally, you can eat a normal meal for dinner the night before your surgery. It's best to avoid heavy foods, e.g. things that are very fatty or fried, as these are harder for your body to digest.
We don't recommend attempting to eat significantly more than usual the night before your surgery, as this may result in your stomach taking longer to empty than anticipated and you don't want to defeat the purpose of the fast.
What if I am diabetic?
If you are diabetic, you should disclose this to your surgeon during your initial consultation. Your surgeon will have a conversation with you regarding the safe management of your condition and you may receive different instructions.
What about coffee, tea, flavoured water, etc.?
You should stop consuming everything other than plain water at midnight the night before your surgery. You can continue drinking plain water up until two hours before your surgery.
Will you remind me?
Your specific instructions for eating and drinking will be included in the pre-op instructions you are provided with. Our team will also call you the day before surgery and remind you not to eat or drink past midnight.
What about after surgery?
After waking up from a general anesthetic, you may experience some nausea. Thus, we recommend sticking to clear fluids until your stomach feels settled—'clear' meaning liquids that are free of particulates, not necessarily colourless. Apple juice, sports drinks like Gatorade, tea without milk, and flat pop are all okay choices. From there you can move onto broth and crackers. By the day after surgery, most patients are back to their regular diet. If you continue to feel nauseous for a few days, you can take Gravol tablets to help.
What if I'm not undergoing general anesthesia?
For minor procedures that you will remain awake for and receive only a local anesthetic injection, you can eat and drink as usual prior to your surgery.
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We're counting down to something BIG. Follow along on social and stay tuned for the reveal on October 12th!


text:
As we are approaching the opening of the 18th Architectural Biennale in Venice, Bulgaria has unveiled the theme and details of its exhibition pavilion titled "Education is the movement from darkness to light" which brings light to the rapid population decline that happened the last 30 years in the country.
Bulgaria's pavilion is curated by the architects Boris Tikvarski, Bojidara Valkova, and Mariya Gyaurova together with the Belgian photographer Alexander Dumarey.
"The topic of the Biennale is 'The Laboratory of the Future' as Africa is in the spotlight. The problems that will be examined through the prism of the projects are not only related to poverty but to the turbulent development of the continent and the problems stemming from it,' explains architect Bozhidara Valkova.
"Our topic is also related to two negative trends in Bulgaria – depopulation and aging of the population. While being a visual expression of the theme 'Education is the movement from darkness to light', the project focuses on a number of issues that we need to address in order to be able to look forward to the future."
Showcasing information about the photographed schools, furniture, and tools collected from the abandoned school sites, the curators collaborated with institutions and municipalities to gather these artifacts.
As the population declines, according to the architects' team, there will be fewer and fewer children to occupy the schools.
To visually illustrate the process of abandonment and population decline, the curators and Alexander Dumarey will document the processes of population decline and the abandoned schools of the country under three main zones.
The exhibition is divided into three main zones: the entrance, the classroom, and the interview/debate area.
These spaces are inviting visitors to gradually immerse themselves in the complex and pressing issue of shrinking regions.
"The project will become a platform for thoughtful consideration, prompting visitors to engage in dialogue about the challenges we face," state the curators.
"How do we cope with shrinking regions? How to address preservation? How to adapt to change?" are the questions emphasized at the exhibition.
These topics have been absent and not widely discussed in the country and the curators hope to provoke and lay the foundations for a more conscientious and informed discourse about shrinking and abandoned regions.
According to the curators, such phenomena exist throughout the entire Eastern block and forecast a global population decline.
The project was selected following a national competition organized by The Ministry of Culture, The Chamber of Architects in Bulgaria, and the Union of Architects.
Project: "Education is the Movement from Darkness to Light" – Bulgarian Pavilion for the 18th Venice Architecture Biennale
Architects/ Curators: Boris Tikvarski, Bojidara Valkova, and Mariya Gyaurova
Photographers: Alexander Dumarey


A psycholinguistic analysis on a dyslexic character in the novel "Fish in a Tree" by Lynda Mullaly Hunt Asmah Dien Amaliah Primary Author mixed material bibliography Makassar Fak. Adab & Humaniora UIN Alauddin 2020 continuing Weekly en English
xi, 72 hlm.: 21cm.
the result of this research showed that; 1) the symptoms of dyslexia portrayed in the main character of the novel includes reading difficulty, writing difficulty and spelling difficulty. Basides, the researcher also found that the dyslexic character also showed strength in cognitive are such as critical thinking, good comprehension, good observation, and good at arts. 2) in the process of overcoming the dyslexia, the character used several learning method which are multisensory method, structured method, sequence method, over-learning method, playing chess and motivation. BSI 2020 _PHONE_-23 10:16:06 2021-02-23 10:16:06 machine generated


Also referred to as Bubble and Squeek for the effect this dish has on the digestive system - this dish is an excellent way to dispose of holiday leftovers.
You need
You should
 1. Cook bacon in pan. When bacon fat is released, add onions.
 2. When onions begin to brown, add potato and turnip leftovers.
 3. Cook till leftovers are hot.
 4. Share and enjoy!
Yeah, it's no sensei receipe. /me misses him too.
In my experience, neeps and tatties refers to the Scottish dish of mashed turnip (neep = swede or swedish turnip, the big yellow ones usually served to cows, not the little white ones) and mashed potatoes. It is most famously served with haggis, the much-maligned "national dish" of my homeland.
In England, which is near Scotland, "bubble and squeak" (note spelling) refers to fried leftover cabbage and potatoes (optionally with onion).
Re: Bubble and squeak gaining its name from the sound of the digestive system, have you ever had rumbledethumps? This is the Scottish version of bubble and squeak, the difference being that it is baked in the oven with lots of cheese. Parp!!
Briefly trawling the Web tends to confirm me in my opinions.
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expect(1) — Linux manual page
NAME | SYNOPSIS | INTRODUCTION | USAGE | COMMANDS | LIBRARIES | PRETTY-PRINTING | EXAMPLES | CAVEATS | BUGS | EXPECT HINTS | SEE ALSO | AUTHOR | ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | COLOPHON
EXPECT(1) General Commands Manual EXPECT(1)
NAME top
 expect - programmed dialogue with interactive programs, Version 5
SYNOPSIS top
 expect [ -dDinN ] [ -c cmds ] [ [ -[f|b] ] cmdfile ] [ args ]
INTRODUCTION top
 Expect is a program that "talks" to other interactive programs
 according to a script. Following the script, Expect knows what
 can be expected from a program and what the correct response
 should be. An interpreted language provides branching and high-
 level control structures to direct the dialogue. In addition,
 the user can take control and interact directly when desired,
 afterward returning control to the script.
 Expectk is a mixture of Expect and Tk. It behaves just like
 Expect and Tk's wish. Expect can also be used directly in C or
 C++ (that is, without Tcl). See libexpect(3).
 The name "Expect" comes from the idea of send/expect sequences
 popularized by uucp, kermit and other modem control programs.
 However unlike uucp, Expect is generalized so that it can be run
 as a user-level command with any program and task in mind.
 Expect can actually talk to several programs at the same time.
 For example, here are some things Expect can do:
 - Cause your computer to dial you back, so that you can
 login without paying for the call.
 - Start a game (e.g., rogue) and if the optimal
 configuration doesn't appear, restart it (again and
 again) until it does, then hand over control to you.
 - Run fsck, and in response to its questions, answer
 "yes", "no" or give control back to you, based on
 predetermined criteria.
 - Connect to another network or BBS (e.g., MCI Mail,
 CompuServe) and automatically retrieve your mail so
 that it appears as if it was originally sent to your
 local system.
 - Carry environment variables, current directory, or any
 kind of information across rlogin, telnet, tip, su,
 chgrp, etc.
 There are a variety of reasons why the shell cannot perform these
 tasks. (Try, you'll see.) All are possible with Expect.
 In general, Expect is useful for running any program which
 requires interaction between the program and the user. All that
 is necessary is that the interaction can be characterized
 programmatically. Expect can also give the user back control
 (without halting the program being controlled) if desired.
 Similarly, the user can return control to the script at any time.
USAGE top
 Expect reads cmdfile for a list of commands to execute. Expect
 may also be invoked implicitly on systems which support the #!
 notation by marking the script executable, and making the first
 line in your script:
 #!/usr/local/bin/expect -f
 Of course, the path must accurately describe where Expect lives.
 /usr/local/bin is just an example.
 The -c flag prefaces a command to be executed before any in the
 script. The command should be quoted to prevent being broken up
 by the shell. This option may be used multiple times. Multiple
 commands may be executed with a single -c by separating them with
 semicolons. Commands are executed in the order they appear.
 (When using Expectk, this option is specified as -command.)
 The -d flag enables some diagnostic output, which primarily
 reports internal activity of commands such as expect and
 interact. This flag has the same effect as "exp_internal 1" at
 the beginning of an Expect script, plus the version of Expect is
 printed. (The strace command is useful for tracing statements,
 and the trace command is useful for tracing variable
 assignments.) (When using Expectk, this option is specified as
 -diag.)
 The -D flag enables an interactive debugger. An integer value
 should follow. The debugger will take control before the next
 Tcl procedure if the value is non-zero or if a ^C is pressed (or
 a breakpoint is hit, or other appropriate debugger command
 appears in the script). See the README file or SEE ALSO (below)
 for more information on the debugger. (When using Expectk, this
 option is specified as -Debug.)
 The -f flag prefaces a file from which to read commands from.
 The flag itself is optional as it is only useful when using the
 #! notation (see above), so that other arguments may be supplied
 on the command line. (When using Expectk, this option is
 specified as -file.)
 By default, the command file is read into memory and executed in
 its entirety. It is occasionally desirable to read files one
 line at a time. For example, stdin is read this way. In order
 to force arbitrary files to be handled this way, use the -b flag.
 (When using Expectk, this option is specified as -buffer.) Note
 that stdio-buffering may still take place however this shouldn't
 cause problems when reading from a fifo or stdin.
 If the string "-" is supplied as a filename, standard input is
 read instead. (Use "./-" to read from a file actually named
 "-".)
 The -i flag causes Expect to interactively prompt for commands
 instead of reading them from a file. Prompting is terminated via
 the exit command or upon EOF. See interpreter (below) for more
 information. -i is assumed if neither a command file nor -c is
 used. (When using Expectk, this option is specified as
 -interactive.)
 -- may be used to delimit the end of the options. This is useful
 if you want to pass an option-like argument to your script
 without it being interpreted by Expect. This can usefully be
 placed in the #! line to prevent any flag-like interpretation by
 Expect. For example, the following will leave the original
 arguments (including the script name) in the variable argv.
 #!/usr/local/bin/expect --
 Note that the usual getopt(3) and execve(2) conventions must be
 observed when adding arguments to the #! line.
 The file $exp_library/expect.rc is sourced automatically if
 present, unless the -N flag is used. (When using Expectk, this
 option is specified as -NORC.) Immediately after this, the file
 ~/.expect.rc is sourced automatically, unless the -n flag is
 used. If the environment variable DOTDIR is defined, it is
 treated as a directory and .expect.rc is read from there. (When
 using Expectk, this option is specified as -norc.) This sourcing
 occurs only after executing any -c flags.
 -v causes Expect to print its version number and exit. (The
 corresponding flag in Expectk, which uses long flag names, is
 -version.)
 Optional args are constructed into a list and stored in the
 variable named argv. argc is initialized to the length of argv.
 argv0 is defined to be the name of the script (or binary if no
 script is used). For example, the following prints out the name
 of the script and the first three arguments:
 send_user "$argv0 [lrange $argv 0 2]\n"
COMMANDS top
 Expect uses Tcl (Tool Command Language). Tcl provides control
 flow (e.g., if, for, break), expression evaluation and several
 other features such as recursion, procedure definition, etc.
 Commands used here but not defined (e.g., set, if, exec) are Tcl
 commands (see tcl(3)). Expect supports additional commands,
 described below. Unless otherwise specified, commands return the
 empty string.
 Commands are listed alphabetically so that they can be quickly
 located. However, new users may find it easier to start by
 reading the descriptions of spawn, send, expect, and interact, in
 that order.
 Note that the best introduction to the language (both Expect and
 Tcl) is provided in the book "Exploring Expect" (see SEE ALSO
 below). Examples are included in this man page but they are very
 limited since this man page is meant primarily as reference
 material.
 Note that in the text of this man page, "Expect" with an
 uppercase "E" refers to the Expect program while "expect" with a
 lower-case "e" refers to the expect command within the Expect
 program.)
 close [-slave] [-onexec 0|1] [-i spawn_id]
 closes the connection to the current process. Most
 interactive programs will detect EOF on their stdin and
 exit; thus close usually suffices to kill the process as
 well. The -i flag declares the process to close
 corresponding to the named spawn_id.
 Both expect and interact will detect when the current
 process exits and implicitly do a close. But if you kill
 the process by, say, "exec kill $pid", you will need to
 explicitly call close.
 The -onexec flag determines whether the spawn id will be
 closed in any new spawned processes or if the process is
 overlayed. To leave a spawn id open, use the value 0. A
 non-zero integer value will force the spawn closed (the
 default


text:
Land use - National Responses (Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia)
Land protection in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia has been secured through various policy documents, concepts, strategies and legislative measures.
Under the Law on Environment (Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia No.53/05, 81/05), every citizen is entitled to have access to environmental information, including data on land cover. The law also facilitates uniform access to such information, both at national and European levels. In addition to the provisions of this law, the provisions of special laws regulating specific environmental media and areas also apply to the protection and improvement of the quality and condition of soil, water, and air. The aims of the law relevant to land management include rational and sustainable utilisation of natural resources, preservation of a clean environment and remediation of damage, prevention of environmental risks and hazards, combating desertification and mitigating the effects of droughts.
Based on the Law on Land Survey and Registration, regular annual land survey information is provided on the types of land cover, which enables continuous justification of the land cover changes.
The Law on Agricultural Land (Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia No. 135/07) regulates agricultural land use, disposal, protection and change of use. The aims of this law include rational use of agricultural land as a limited natural resource and its protection. As a resource of general interest for the country, agricultural land enjoys special protection and may be used only under the terms and in a manner provided for by the law.
Building land is also regarded a resource of general interest for the country under the law and the terms and the manner of its use are therefore legally regulated and controlled Law on Building Land (Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia No.82/08)).
All development activities have to be based on spatial and urban plans developed under the Law on Spatial and Urban Planning (Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia No.24/08). These plans are intended to provide for land planning, development and use, as well as protection and improvement of the environment and nature, the protection of immovable cultural heritage, and protection against damage by war, natural and technological disasters and accidents. As activities of public interest under the law, elaboration, adoption and implementation of the Spatial Plan of the Republic of Macedonia, as well as the application of other relevant regulations of national legislation, international agreements and other documents ratified by the Republic, have the ultimate goal of providing sustainable development for the country.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
This park is closed due to extensive damage to the Florida Keys from Hurricane Irma.
Preserving a patch of tropical forest surrounding a quarry opened in 1908, Windley Key Fossil Reef Geological State Park showcases the uniqueness of the Florida Keys in both botany and geology, with vast slabs of coral frozen in stone awaiting your inspection.
Location: MM 84.9, Windley Key
Fees: $2.50 per person. Additional $2 for guided tour.
Open: Thu-Mon 9-5. Education Center open Fri-Sun 9-5, with tours offered at 10 and 2.
Fossilized coral, sliced and polished, graces the exterior of buildings throughout South Florida, including the grand estate Vizcaya in Miami and the Miami and Key West post offices. Its source? This long time quarry opened in 1908 by Henry Flagler during construction of the Overseas Railroad. It was first used for crushed limestone for the railroad bed, but by 1912, slabs of decorative stone were sliced from these quarry walls.
In the 1980s, the site was threatened by condo development. Local residents stepped up to the plate to preserve the remaining 30 acres of tropical hammock and historic quarries. The park has an excellent visitor center to interpret the unique history, botany, and geology of the site, and its trails interpret the fossil corals found in the walls of the quarry.
Tag along on a ranger-led guided tour Fri-Sun at 10 AM and 2 PM. Bring your birding life list! A stroll through this tropical forest not only yields a wide variety of strange tropical plum trees but offers the possibility of seeing mangrove cuckoo and white-crowned pigeon.
Explore the park
- Florida's toxic trees - Southeast Florida is home to two poisonous trees, the poisonwood and the manchineel. Learn how to recognize them so you don't get too close, and find out how truly dangerous they are.
- Windley Key Hammock Trail - More than 30 acres of tropical hammock surround a geological centerpiece of a coral rock quarry at Windley Key Geologic State Park near Islamorada.


How to Identify
How do you know if your tree is infected? The name says it all: The Shot Hole Borer burrows into different trees in burrows smaller than a ballpoint pen tip.
Your tree will not die quickly or easily. As the tiny PSHB beetle lives inside the wood it is unlikely to be noticed crawling on the bark.
Depending on the tree, identification differs. Sings of infestation could be sawdust collecting on the bark and around the base of the tree, in other trees there may be an oozing of liquid and gum from the beetle holes.
Here's a closer look at the PSHB, and how you can spot infestation.
21 tree species have been identified as "Reproductive Hosts" within South Africa and evidence of PSHB has been found in 151 trees species within South Africa.
Host trees can be defined as either Reproductive Host Trees or Non-Reproductive Host Trees. Reproductive host trees are trees where the PSHB can successfully reproduce, and which eventually die due to the fungus. Non-Reproductive host trees are attacked by the beetle, but PSHB reproduction is not successful. The fungus might or might not disease and eventually kill these trees.
Australian Blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon)
Avocado (Persea americana)
Black wattle (Acacia mearnsii)
Boxelder (Acer negundo)
Castor bean (Ricinus communis)
Chinese maple (Acer buergerianum)
English Oak (Quercus robur)
Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos)
Japanese maple (Acer palmatum)
Liquidambar; American sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)
London Plane (Platanus x acerifolia)
Pin oak (Quercus palustris)
Pink flame (Brachychiton discolor)
Southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora)
REPRODUCTIVE HOST – Indigenous Trees
Fever (Acacia zanthophloea)
Flat crown (Albizia adianthifolia)
Coast coral (Erythrina caffra)
Common coral (Erythrina lysistemon)
Natal fig (Ficus natalensis)
Wild plum (Harpephyllum caffrum)
Pigeonwood (Trema orientalis)
Paper bark thorn (Vachellia sieberiana var. woodi)
Wild frangipani (Voacanga thouarsii)
The Tree Survey mobile app allows you to report infestations. Each reported incident receives in-app feedback. You can just report the bug, or you can select a further action from either a City Parks official or a private service provider.
To illustrate the impact of the of the borer, South African arborists explored the nature of the borer's tunnel and to determine the impact of the fungus on the trees vascular system.
Here is an inside peek into how the PSHB enters a tree:


text:
Prof. Barduhn, who gave a talk about expatriate teachers, once said, 'If English were a drug, expatriate teachers would be the dealers…' In her talk entitled Language Dealing, she starts by looking into the definition of 'the drug'. Are dealers necessarily drug takers themselves? Drugs can serve to imprison but are drugs necessarily bad? Could they not be medicine, which could serve as an anti-exploitation tool?
In Hawkins (1974) 'I-thou'it' triangle as spreaders of this drug, Prof Barduhn states that 'I' refers to the expatriate teacher, the 'thou' the students and other expat teachers, and explaining the 'it' as the fishing rod in the metaphor 'Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish and he can fish and you feed him for a lifetime'.
Quoting Johnston (1999) talking about the Expatriate Teacher as Postmodern Paladin, these teachers are fighters of a noble cause, not unlike the errant of the medieval knights. He suggest that ELT as a whole is a marginal occupation, expanding on the idea of postmodernity.
The original Paladins crossed the seas for adventures with spiritual (self-realisation) and earthly (material gain and acquisition of a good reputation) goals.
The knight errant are those who choose to work outside their own country and the wish to educate, to share knowledge, expertise and skils. It's also characterised by the 'restless traveller', wandering the earth and never settling.
The knights knew what they believed in and why they were venturing forward, and knew that eventually they would go home.
So why do ELT teachers keep going to other countries and new ones too?
Are we cultural marginals and do we have an identity group?
Differentially perceptual groups and identity group, Prof Barduhn talks about perceptual groups as how others see you versus the identities given to you, before explaining cultural marginality and highlighting the fact that ELT teachers are often the non-dominant community in a dominant community.
The definition of an encapsulated marginal is one where there is no revognised reference group, conscious of self, troubled by ambiguity and never 'at home'. The definition of a constructive marginal is one of a marginal reference group, conscious of choice, intrigued by complexity and never not 'at home'.
Stated by respondent teachers in her research as reasons and motivation for going to live in each country, 'travel', 'love of teaching' and 'career advancement' occurred frequently, but professional development was highlighted as one of the more common answers.
This challenges the theory that most ELT teachers living overseas are of the back packer variety.
Family was stated at the number one reason why people move back to their own country.
When examining the changes in attitude amongst the teachers living overseas, it was clear that most became most tolerant and understanding of their country of origin (and its culture), got involved in more teaching fields e.g. ESP, saw themselves as ambassadors for their own country, thought of the new culture as gradually becoming part of them, and saw their job as important ('We teach future leaders, We make English more attainable for the masses') and are happy living abroad.
But as Chinese becomes more in the globalising world, would those involved in teaching of Mandarin have the same attitudes and motivation? Are they also on medieval knights' errants?
Going through her results, here are some findings regarding Chinese expat teachers:
'I'm more critical of my country but love it more'
'I have no power to change methodologies', 'I've become more student-centred, teacher as a guide instead of dictator, to guide learners to see the fun in Chinese and understand the similarities between English and Chinese.'
Growing towards an acceptance of Western values like tolerance, quality orientation, etc.
'As long as China's economy keeps growing, it'll become important as a world language'
Very few non-native Chinese teach Chinese in the UK.
Expat teachers are the only way people can access Chinese culture.
Expat teachers might not have an influence on trends in teacher training but conversely teacher training trends would have an influence on expat teachers.
Belonging to teaching associations and getting conference updates were a common path towards professional development.
So what is the drug?
Could the phenomenon of expat teachers be considered a historical and cultural movement?
TESOl culture is seen to equate 'diversity', 'cooperation' and 'respect'.
Could these also stand for Chinese language teaching culture?
So what are we dealing?
The answer might not be the same for everyone but teacher training needs to delve further in social and economic theory so that we are doing it with more awareness.


Document Type
Publication Date
Due to high data volumes and unpredictable arrival rates, continuous query systems processing expensive queries in real-time may fail to keep up with the input data streams - resulting in buffer overflow and uncontrolled loss of data. In this work, we explore join direction adaptation (JDA) to tackle resource-limited processing of multi-join stream queries. While the existing JDA solutions allocate the scarce CPU resources to the most productive half-way join within a single operator, we instead leverage the operator interdependencies to optimize the overall query throughput. We identify result staleness as an impending issue in resource-limited processing, which gets further aggravated if throughput optimizing techniques are employed. For throughput optimization we propose the pathproductivity model and further extend it for fulfilling the Freshness tolerance. Our proposed JAQPOT approach is the first integrated solution to achieve near optimal query throughput while also guaranteeing fulfillment of the desired result freshness. JAQPOT runs in quadratic time of the number of streams irrespective of the query plan shape. Our experimental study, using both synthetic and real data sets, demonstrates the superiority of JAQPOT in achieving higher throughput than the state-oftheart strategies while, unlike the other methods, also fulfilling freshness predicates.


text:
RSS receives ICT green award from IFGICT
The International Federation of Global Information and Communication Technology (IFGICT) presented Ahmed Masadeh, Executive Director of ICT for Development Sector at the Royal Scientific Society (RSS), on behalf of the Royal Scientific Society, a shield of honour in the field of green information technology granted by the federation.
Masadeh highlighted that marking a first for the Middle East and GCC region, the RSS has received the most prestigious award given by the IFGICT, designating it as a "Green Business".
This certification recognises the achievements of key organisations in raising their ICT infrastructures to world-leading standards, according to a RSS statement.
He also added that the Green Business Certificate of quality was awarded based on a comprehensive ICT audit that was carried out over the course of almost a year, during which time the IFGICT representative in Jordan Metanoia Training and Consulting worked closely with the RSS staff.
"With the full and constant support and collaboration of the RSS management, the process of certification was achieved in record time, despite the difficult and challenging times faced due to the corona pandemic," said Masadeh.
The process comprised of several phases, starting with internal documentation control, followed by an internal audit of the infrastructure of the RSS Data Centre and each department of the RSS ICT for Development Sector and, finally, the comprehensive training of relevant RSS staff, he said.
Implementing the IFGICT ICT standards helps committed organisations to achieve coherent ICT quality management to enhance organisational development and greatly improve the quality of services and products provided for stakeholders and customers. It also helps to maximise employee satisfaction and skills-development, he added.
At the end of the ceremony, Samah Alafeef, CEO of Metanoia Training and Consulting as a MENA Regional Officer of the IFGICT presented the award to the RSS. Whereas Belal Ayoub, IFGICT Jordan Officer, presented the RSS project team with certificates of appreciation for their outstanding efforts.
Source: Jordan Times. Link: _URL_


Message Translator
Camel supports the Message Translator from the EIP patterns by using an arbitrary Processor in the routing logic, by using a bean to perform the transformation, or by using transform() in the DSL. You can also use a Data Format to marshal and unmarshal messages in different encodings.
You can transform a message using Camel's Bean Integration to call any method on a bean in your Registry such as your Spring XML configuration file as follows
 .bean("myTransformerBean", "myMethodName")
Where the "myTransformerBean" would be defined in a Spring XML file or defined in JNDI etc. You can omit the method name parameter from beanRef() and the Bean Integration will try to deduce the method to invoke from the message exchange.
or you can add your own explicit Processor to do the transformation
or you can use the DSL to explicitly configure the transformation
You can also use Spring XML Extensions to do a transformation. Basically any Expression language can be substituted inside the transform element as shown below
Or you can use the Bean Integration to invoke a bean

You can also use Templating to consume a message from one destination, transform it with something like Velocity or XQuery and then send it on to another destination. For example using InOnly (one way messaging)
If you want to use InOut (request-reply) semantics to process requests on the My.Queue queue on ActiveMQ with a template generated response, then sending responses back to the JMSReplyTo Destination you could use this.


text:
Nonlinear wave energy modelling in the surf zone
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Civil Engineering, Division of Hydraulics and Environmental Engineering, Thessaloniki, 54006, Greece
Abstract. Breaking wave energy in the surf zone is modelled through the incorporation of the time dependent energy balance equation in a non linear dispersive wave propagation model. The energy equations solved simultaneously with the momentum and continuity equation. Turbulence effects and the non uniform horizontal velocity distribution due to breaking is introduced in both the energy and momentum equations. The dissipation term is a function of the velocity defect derived from a turbulent analysis. The resulting system predicts both wave characteristics (surface elevation and velocity) and the energy distribution inside surf zone. The model is validated against experimental data and analytical expressions.


Copyright © University of Cambridge. All rights reserved.
'Auditorium Steps' printed from
Show menu
The challenge follows on from Wrapping Presents.
Here's a model of a small auditorium. There are four squares at the bottom inside and there are three sets of steps to the top. To help to visualise it I've coloured each face of the cube blocks according to which way they are facing.
Your challenge is to imagine that this is a small model that is a present for someone and so it has to be carefully wrapped up with paper. We do not want to waste paper so the wrapping needs to be from a cut shape so that each visable face (no matter where you are viewing it from) needs to be covered CLOSELY with ONE LAYER OF PAPER ONLY and there is to be just ONE piece of wrapping paper.
Draw the shape of that wrapping paper which would need to be cut out.
Describe how you went about it and say what you can about the paper shape.
Then ask yourself "I wonder what would happen if I...?"


Marrakesh Treaty ratification
11 December 2015
Australians with vision impairment will have greater access to books and other published materials in accessible formats such as large print, braille or audio following Australia's ratification of the Marrakesh Treaty The Treaty is a significant international agreement that will help 285 million people with vision impairment worldwide to access these materials.
Ratifying this treaty is an important part of the Government's commitment to supporting Australians with disability. Accessible format materials are essential to ensuring all Australians can engage fully in school, work and our communities.
By improving access to large print, braille and audio materials in the Indo-Pacific, the Marrakesh treaty will also support economic and social development in our region.
The treaty recognises the commercial interests of copyright holders by encouraging the use of accessible material already available, before relying on the treaty.
Australia joins eleven other countries in ratifying the treaty, which will come into effect three months after 20 countries have ratified or acceded to it. We strongly encourage other countries to take this step.
The Australian Government is also working with the World Intellectual Property Organization to fund practical initiatives to help increase the global availability of books in accessible formats.
Media enquiries
Minister's office: (02) 6277 7500


text:
IISc and TalentSprint offer deep expertise in Computational Data Science to shape the workforce of the future
Wed, Oct 7, 2020
Hyderabad, October 7, 2020: The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) and TalentSprint today announced the launch of an Advanced Program in Computational Data Science. The 10-month executive program will equip current and aspiring data engineers, data analysts, data architects and data scientists with the latest expertise to lead the workforce of the future. Several leading faculty and experts from an interdisciplinary background will teach live and interactive online classes and mentor participants to solve data science problems. The program is novel in that it will allow participants to build a personal portfolio of data stories to showcase on their career profiles, and get plugged into TalentSprint's network of deeptech professionals from around the world. The first cohort of the program will start in January 2021 and is open to 50 professionals from India, APAC and Middle East. (Visit _URL_ for details).
Data is a vital asset to research and industry and data science is transforming business and society at an unprecedented pace. IDC predicts that worldwide data, which is at 33ZB in 2020, will grow to 175ZB by 2025, an explosion which has disrupted every business and industry, especially over the last two years. The ability to collect, clean, manage and analyze complex data sets and then design, build and deploy solutions that offer valuable insights and enable data driven business decisions are becoming critical for professionals who want to thrive in today's hyper digital economy. Moreover, according to a WEF report, data scientists and analysts will be the top emerging jobs in the world by 2022.
Announcing the program, Dr. Sashikumaar Ganesan, Chair of the Department of Computational and Data Sciences (CDS) at IISc and Program Dean, said: "CDS at IISc is a first-of-its-kind interdisciplinary department to focus on research at the intersection of computer science and data science. Over the last five years, our PhD and M.Tech programs have attracted the best students from around the world. We are very pleased to partner with TalentSprint and jointly offer this executive program to working professionals who wish to capitalize on the data science wave sweeping through the industry. Participants will practice on a variety of industry case studies and capstones, including the opportunity to bring their own projects and get mentored to solve them. Data stories, another unique feature of our program, will help them demonstrate their expertise on their career profiles, for the benefit of current and future employers."
Speaking on the partnership, Dr. Santanu Paul, Co-Founder and CEO, TalentSprint said: "At TalentSprint, we build unique executive education programs to solve the most challenging and pertinent problems. All our programs in collaboration with top-tier academia have consistently reported extremely high participant satisfaction. We are delighted that the Advanced Program in Computational Data Science, our newest program with IISc, the #1 NIRF ranked academic institution in the nation, has been carefully designed to help industry professionals re-orient and reboot their careers in tune with the opportunities in a post-pandemic, hyper-digital economy. In that sense, this is the first data science program in the country to be explicitly designed to enable, equip and empower the workforce of the future."
The Advanced Program in Computational Data Science is open for applications for the first cohort, which starts in January 2021. Please apply at _URL_
Established in 1909, IISc is India's leading university (NIRF Number 1 rank) in advanced education and research in the sciences and in engineering. From its beginnings, IISc has laid equal emphasis on fundamental investigations and the solution of practical problems in such a setting. IISc's reputation and preeminence ensures that it attracts the best of young faculty members and students from across the world. IISc aims to be among the world's foremost academic institutions through the pursuit of excellence in research and promotion of innovation by offering world-class education to train future leaders in science and technology and by applying science and technology breakthroughs for India's wealth creation and social welfare.https://www.iisc.ac.in/
TalentSprint brings transformational high-end and deep-tech learning programs to young and experienced professionals. The company's digital platform ipearl.ai offers a hybrid onsite/online experience to seekers of deep technology expertise. TalentSprint partners with top academic institutions and global corporations to create and deliver world class programs, certifications, and outcomes. It is a leading Innovation Partner for the National Skill Development Corporation, an arm of the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, Government of India.www.talentsprint.com
+91 98450 59457
Debjani Mukherji, Senior Director, Strategic Alliances, TalentSprint


to do data mapping effectively
Getting started with data mapping can be a daunting task. However, implementing a robust solution early on in the data lifecycle can save you vast amounts of time in the future and ensure that your data is robust and reliable.
These steps will help you to understand what you need to do before, during, and after initiating your data mapping solution.
Define the data that will be moving. This means that you should look at the tables, fields, and the format of these. Think about the frequency that data will need to be mapped.
Map the data. This stage requires you to map fields in the source data to fields at the destination.
Define any transformation that you'll need. For example, this could be rules or governance procedures that deal with clashes in data or duplicates.
Test the mapping process. Start with a small amount of data and test to see if the data mapping works as expected.
Once you are happy that everything is working correctly, you can start your workflow or deploy your mapping system. If you are using a platform such as Wult, you can see in real-time where errors occur and attain full visibility at before and after points.
Maintain and update the mapping process. This will require input as new data sources are added with new fields.

Data mapping techniques
So you have been through the process, and you know what you need to do. But how do you select the right tool for data mapping? What options are there, and what techniques can you use to build a robust data mapping solution?

Manual data mapping
This is the first solution to create a data mapping tool for your business. This requires developers to code the connections that match the source data to the final database. For one-off injections of data or custom data types, this could be a viable solution.
However, the scale of most datasets and the speed needed to adapt to how these change in today's data landscape mean that a manual process can struggle to deal with complicated mapping processes. In these cases, businesses will need to move to an automated solution.

Fully automated mapping
Fully automated data mapping tools allow businesses to seamlessly add new data and match it to their current schemas. Most tools make this p[process available in a UI so that users can visualize and understand the stages that data flows through and map fields at each stage.
Some allow inputs from thousands of different sources, and the mapping process lets users bring data in an agnostic way to their databases and solutions.
The benefits of a fully automated solution are that it provides an interface that means nontechnical employees can monitor and set up data mapping. As well as this, users can check and visualize how their data is being mapped, identify errors quickly, and improve the process simply.
Categories
Data Management
What Is Data Quality – Definition + Why It's Important
Data is big business. It is used across numerous industries, and everyone is talking about the competitive edge that they can get from data.
But as data has grown to become one of the world's most valuable commodities, data quality has started to dominate the conversation. The opportunity is clear – but to get the best results, companies need to be able to trust the quality of their data.
The simple fact is that many companies are unaware of what useful data looks like. Managing data, filtering, and improving datasets can have a significant impact on results. That's why we've written this post – to help understand what you can do to source better data, and improve on the data already in your infrastructure.

What is data quality?
So what is data quality? Well, there are usually many factors that contribute to a dataset being better than another. These individual factors may be more or less important for each company, depending on the use case.
However, data quality can usually be divided into smaller categories that are as follows:

Accuracy
One of the most important factors to consider with your data, but what does it mean? Accuracy is the similarity between the data and the actual real-world situation it is related to.
Having data that doesn't represent the real-world conditions presents numerous problems. It can cause incorrect conclusions and can create real issues further along the line.
An example can be seen in location data when a data point is falsely attributed to a store. The data could be inaccurate as the real-world device might not have gone inside the location. The data suggests that the person has, and this can create issues for somebody targeting devices that are aware of a product inside the location, for example.

Completeness
This refers to how consistent the amount of data is from entry to entry. Having incomplete data means that some of the fields are missing. This means that the dataset as a whole is not as valuable as there may be some insights that can't be reached due to missing information.
For example, let's say that you are collecting data from a form or survey. If there is an option to skip the interests field, then your data set will likely have missing information in this field. In the future, somebody may wish to segment this list based on interests. Doing so would probably remove some people that might have the same interests but didn't submit them in the data collection process.

Timeliness
This term is used to describe the delay between the real-world event and the data. This should be as close as the real-world event as possible as data becomes less effective the further away it is from the real-world event.
As the world changes, delays in data reporting can have huge effects and can drastically limit the effectiveness of data. For example, investors using data to gauge stock performance can get a significant competitive edge if their data is more timely than the competition.

Relevancy
Making sure that the data you use is relevant to the purpose is essential. Clearly defining goals and the types of data needed to achieve these is a crucial part of the data collection process.
Relevancy makes sure that your data is as lean as possible. By including only relevant information, you make it easier to ingest, filter, and manipulate data most efficiently.

Consistency
When comparing data, the structure must be consistent, so that you can accurately make comparisons and identify differences and trends between two data points.
This extends out to different departments and people that are using the data. If the same dataset is presented differently or formatted differently, then this can cause huge issues. For example, when measuring KPIs, if the underlying dataset is different, then two entities could have completely different ideas of what's going on.

Why is quality data relevant?
Compliance
As new regulations relating to data come into play, compliance becomes more of an issue for companies and their data.
Ensuring that data is appropriately collected and managed in a way that complies with internal and external regulations is now a crucial part of any data business. Data quality is a fundamental part of this issue as bad or disorganized data makes it more difficult to prove compliance.

Results
Ultimately useful data is invaluable for companies as it leads to better outcomes and helps them to reach their goals across many departments and areas. Data quality allows each department to make better decisions and achieve their goals.
Poor data can have an opposing effect; it can lead to drastically wrong decisions. That's why it's crucial to be able to manage and control data quality from collection through to use.

Benefits of high-quality datasets
Better insights and ability to plan effectively
The more high-quality data that you have, the better your insights are going to be. This allows you to make better decisions, understand what will happen in the future, and plan effectively.

A bigger competitive advantage
This one kind of goes without saying. If you have better data than your competitors, then you are in a much better position. This competitive advantage allows you to act quicker, with more insight, and get better results.

Less time spent fixing problems after ingestion
Better data doesn't just get you better results; it saves you time and resources. Having consistently high-quality data flowing into your organization makes it easier to generate insights and makes it easier to deliver these to the right people in the organization. It also makes it easier to map data.
Contrast this with bad data, which can require vast amounts of time, adding structure and reformatting into an acceptable state.

Better segmentation, targeting, and attribution
For marketers and advertisers, higher quality data means improved segmentation and better targeting. Collecting quality audience data allows markets to build detailed profiles and match behavior to conversions across the customer journey.

Improved customer experience
Quality data insights can help to build new products and improve how users use existing tools and services. You can be alerted to areas of customer pain and identify an example of why and how customers are dropping off from your funnel.

Improved commercial results
Better data will have a positive effect on commercial outcomes. It will help to reduce waste and ensure that your marketing campaigns are of the highest quality.

Collecting high-quality data
Data quality issues can occur during the collection process and cause huge problems at a later time. It's vital to get the data collection stage right as doing so is one of the quickest ways to bring in structured, quality data to your organization.
Generally, issues arise because of a lack of tools or structure. Having the right data governance policies is another area where companies should focus to collect high-quality data.

Make a plan
A lack of a plan is going to seriously inhibit the results that you get from data. Plan for how the data is going to be collected, the tools that you'll need and how to ingest the data in the best way. This should extend to the roles and people that have specific roles in the process.

Define standards
Make sure that your organization has a communally available and agreed-upon definition of what quality data looks like. Everyone


text:
- The Christian mystical tradition continually asserts that any man-made means or techniques cannot attain true contemplation, which is a pure gift of God.
- The gift of contemplation is only given after years of practising prayer in the context of an ascetical life-style. There is no such thing as instant mysticism in the Christian tradition. Techniques that purport to lead to the same are bogus.
- Authentic Christian prayer never begins by introducing mantras to teach people how to pray, but by introducing them to a loving person to teach them how to love. It is only when first love leads them on, that words or phrases are taught, not to generate or maintain states of inner peace but to maintain the heart's attention on the love that radiates from God. They should not be repeated, come what may, but should be discarded the moment this love begins to make itself felt, so that it can be savoured in silent contemplation.
- The experience of contemplation then, is not due to the recitation of mantras calming the mind, but to the tangible experience of the love of God drawing the heart to ever more absorbing degrees of intensity. The use of words or phrases is merely a means to this end.
- The ultimate aim of Christian contemplation is not to search for an experience of inner peace, but to search for God whose love eventually leads them into experiences that infinitely transcend any form of man-made mysticism, gradually transforming them into Christ.
David: I know of one person who travelled from the UK to John Maine's monastery, and after a year of endlessly being told to 'Keep saying your mantra', she was in despair. Her prayer life came to a halt, until she discarded his method and returned to praying in the Christian way. We now have Fr Freeman in England promoting the John Main method and sadly he has a following…. All my writings try to promote the Christian way of prayer, and I consider it my life's work.


text:
Claparede L1, Clavier N, Dacheux N, Moisy P, Podor R, Ravaux J.
Inorg Chem. 2011 Sep 19;50(18):9059-72. doi: 10.1021/ic201269c. Epub 2011 Aug 2.To underline the potential links between the crystallization state and the microstructure of powdered cerium-neodymium oxides and their chemical durability, several Ce(IV)(1-x)Nd(III)(x)O(2-x/2) mixed dioxides were prepared in various operating conditions from oxalate precursors and then leached. The powdered samples were first examined through several physicochemical properties (crystallization state and associated crystallite size, reactive surface area, porosity. Read More


February 12, 2013Dancho Danchev By Dancho Danchev
New underground service offers access to thousands of malware-infected hosts
Thanks to the success of multiple botnet aggregating malicious campaigns launched in the wild, cybercriminals are launching malware-infected-hosts — also known as loads — as a service type of underground market propositions, in an attempt to monetize the botnet's infected population by selling "partitioned" access to it.
How much does it cost to buy a thousand US-based malware infected hosts? What about hosts based in the European Union? Let's find out. In this post, I'll profile a newly launched underground service offering access to thousands of malware-infected hosts to virtually anyone who's willing to pay the price.
More details:
Sample screenshot of the advertised underground service:
The price for a thousand US-based hosts is $200, the price for a thousand EU-based hosts varies between $60/$120, and the price for a thousand international mix type of hosts is $20. How are cybercriminals coming up with these pricing schemes in the first place? Pretty simple, as it all has to do with high purchasing power and long-term value of a malware-infected host.
Based on the pricing scheme used in this underground market proposition, the cybercriminals behind the service assume that a US-based user would have a higher online purchasing power, compared to an EU/Internationally based user, hence, the higher price. What's also worth noting is that this isn't the first time they've reached the same conclusion and naturally increased the price for US-based hosts. On the majority of occasions, every service offering access to malware-infected hosts would put the US on the top of its price list, of course, if we are to exclude novice market entrants who will do everything to undercut professional cybercriminals and purposely lower the price, or take advantage of price discrimination schemes.
A logical question emerges in the context of these services – what would a potential customer do with all of these malware-infected hosts? It entirely depends on the customer in question. For instance, novice cybercriminals looking for efficient ways to scale their malicious operations would buy access to these hosts and utilize them for launching related malicious and fraudulent campaigns.
Other cybercriminals, whose botnets' infected population is no longer possessing clean IP reputation, and whose campaigns aren't achieving the necessary results, would buy access to malware-infected hosts that are part of another botnet and use this "partitioned" access to further disseminate their very own malware variants. It's not uncommon for the security industry to often come across these inter-connections between different malware families. And although they may sometimes be the result of a direct/known purchase of "partitioned" access, there's always the probability that cybercriminal A would never known that cybercriminal B is spreading his malware variants through his service, due to lack of investment in time and resources to monitor the post-purchase behavior/activities of the customers.
We'll continue monitoring the development of the service, and post updates as new features become available.
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Non-local Structural Mechanics,9781848215221
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Non-local Structural Mechanics
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This book gives science and engineering graduates and researchers a detailed understanding of the methods of
non-local analysis necessary for nanoscale structures.
The conventional local elasticity theory has underpinned the majority of applications of continuum mechanics in applied science and engineering since its inception in the early 19th Century. The application of the local elasticity theory in the context of nanoscale objects has been repeatedly questioned in various research articles over the past decade. Non-local elasticity theory, pioneered from the 1970s, is a scale-dependent theory and is considered to be more suitable for analyzing nanoscale objects such as carbon nanotubes and graphene sheets.
This book is the first comprehensive text to cover non-local elasticity theory for static, dynamic and stability analysis of wide-ranging nanostructures. The authors draw on their considerable research experience in this field. The text will be written from a mechanics standpoint, with numerous worked examples relevant across a wide range of nanomechanical systems.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1
1. Introduction to nonlocal elasticity
1.1 Classical Elasticity
1.2 Size-dependent Continuum Theories
1.3 Nonlocal Elasticity vs. Molecular Dynamics
1.4 Nonlocal effects at small-scale
1.5 Nonlocal Modulus
1.6 What is nonlocal parameter?
1.7 Nonlocal constitutive relations
Chapter 2
2. Nonlocal Rod Theory
Chapter 3
3. Nonlocal Beam Theory
3.1 Euler Bernoulli Beam Theory
3.1.1 Bending of small-scale beam
3.1.2 Vibration of small-scale beam
3.1.3 Buckling of small-scale beam
3.2 Timoshenko Beam Theory
3.2.1 Bending of small-scale beam
3.2.2 Vibration of small-scale beam
3.2.3 Buckling of small-scale beam
3.3 Higher Order Beam Theory
3.3.1 Bending of small-scale beam
3.3.2 Vibration of small-scale beam
3.3.3 Buckling of small-scale beam
3.4 Torsional vibration of small-scale beam
Chapter 4
4. Nonlocal Plate Theory
4.1 Kirchhoff plate
4.1.1 Bending
4.1.2 Vibration
4.1.3 Buckling
4.2 Mindlin Plate
4.2.1 Bending
4.2.2 Vibration
4.2.3 Buckling
4.3 Higher Order Plate Theory
4.3.1 Bending
4.3.2 Vibration
4.3.3 Buckling
4.4 In-plane vibration of plates
4.5 Orthotropic plates vs. Isotropic plates
Chapter 5
5. Nonlocal Shell Theory
5.1 Donnell Shell theory
5.2 Love Shell theory
5.3 Flugge Shell theory
Chapter 6
6. Influence of Elastic Medium
6.1 Winkler Foundation Model
6.2 Pasternak Foundation Model
Chapter 7
7. Thermal effect on the mechanical properties of nonlocal structures
Chapter 8
8. Double Nanostructure Systems
8.1 Vibration of nonlocal double nanorod-system
8.2 Vibration of nonlocal double-nanobeam-system
8.3 Buckling of nonlocal double-nanobeam-system
8.4 Vibration of nonlocal double-nanoplate-system
8.5 Buckling of nonlocal double-nanoplate-system
Chapter 9
9. Application of Nonlocal Elastic Theory
9.1 Bending of single-walled carbon nanotubes
9.2 Bending of multi-walled carbon nanotubes
9.3 Free vibration of single-walled carbon nanotubes
9.4 Free vibration of multi-walled carbon nanotubes
9.5 Buckling of single-walled carbon nanotubes
9.6 Buckling of multi-walled carbon nanotubes
9.7 Bending of single-walled Graphene-sheets
9.8 Bending of multi-walled Graphene-sheets
9.9 Free vibration of single-walled Graphene-sheets
9.10 Free vibration of multi-walled Graphene-sheets
9.11 Buckling of single-walled Graphene-sheets
9.12 Buckling of multi-walled Graphene-sheets
9.13 Nonlocal parameter Values
9.14 Rotational Vibration
9.15 Mechanisms of Nonlocal Effect on the Vibration of Nanoplates
Chapter 10
10. Nanosensors Design Based on Nonlocal Elasticity
10.1 Vibration of CNT-Buckyball Coupled Systems
10.2 Torsion of CNT-Buckyball Coupled Systems
10.3 Nonlocal model of CNT with attached bio molecule
10.4 Nonlocal model with attached distributed bio molecules
10.5 Nonlocal sensor equations
10.6 Frequency of SWCNT with deoxythymidine as a point biomolecule
10.7 Frequency of SWCNT with strands of deoxythymidine as distributed bio molecules
10.8 Nonlocal sensors: point mass vs. distributed mass
Chapter 11
11. Nonlocal Finite Element Method
11.1 Variational Principle
11.2 Finite Element Method
11.2.1 Vibration of nanobeam
11.2.2 Vibration of nanoplates
11.3 Dynamic Finite Element Method
11.3.1 Vibration of nanorod
11.3.2 Vibration of nanobeam
Chapter 12
12. Introduction of Molecular dynamics of small scale structures
12.1 Overview of molecular dynamics
12.2 Molecular dynamic simulation
12.2.1 Deflection of carbon Nanotubes
12.2.2 Vibration of carbon Nanotubes
12.2.3 Buckling of carbon Nanotubes
12.2.4 Vibration of graphene sheets
12.2.5 Buckling of graphene sheets
12.3 Molecular dynamics experiments for nonlocal elasticity


text:
Trevor Hugh James Marchand. The Masons of Djenné. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2009. xvi + 352 pp. $75.00 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-253-31368-3; $29.95 (paper), ISBN 978-0-253-22072-1.
Susan Vogel. The Future of Mud: A Tale of Houses and Lives in Djenne. Video. Brooklyn: Icarus Films, 2007. Presented by the Musée National du Mali.
Reviewed by Elisabeth den Otter
Published on H-AfrArts (November, 2009)
Commissioned by Jean M. Borgatti
Building Mud Houses in Djenné (Mali): An Anthropologist as Apprentice
Djenné, a town on the Bani River in central Mali, is famous for its mud architecture, and is a UNESCO World Heritage site. It is a favorite town for tourists, because of its mosque, the beautiful traditional mud buildings, and the Monday market. Trevor Marchand, an architect as well as an anthropologist, worked for two winters (2001 and 2002) as an apprentice with established masons, went back every year after that, and co-produced a documentary film in 2005.
Marchand cooperated with Dutch projects, the first year (comprising chapters 1-4 of his book) constructing a new traditional Tukolor-style house for a Dutchman, Ton van der Lee, under mason Bayeré Kouroumansé. Van der Lee, who used to be a documentary filmmaker, is an author as well: he wrote a book about the building of his house, The Sand Castle, A Home in West Africa (2005). During the second year (chapters 5-10) Marchand was an apprentice in a Dutch government project of reconstructing the Moroccan-style house belonging to a French scholar, Brunet-Jailly, and the house of a marabout, both under mason al-Hajji Kouroumansé, "the Michelangelo of Djenné." His objective was to understand the training and transmission of knowledge and expertise to younger generations in the trade, through what anthropologists call participant observation. An outline of the book can be found in pages 23-27.
Marchand describes the principles of building and the social structure of the trade. The building process is minutely described: brick-making, the basics (the walls), the more complicated aspects (the arched openings and decorative elements), the proportions (measured by body measurements such as finger width, hand span, arm, stride). The masons are organized in a guild-like association called barey ton (barey means officially validated mason). Meetings are convened to organize the division of labor, to mediate conflicts between masons and clients, to settle disputes between masons, and to organize the annual replastering of Djenné's mosque. The masons' traditional education remains entirely practice-based, and their transmission of knowledge relies on an apprenticeship system which they control and reproduce. Technologies and secrets are transferred and transformed in the confluence of generations. The majority of the masons are Bozo, an ethnic group who are traditionally fishermen. They work together with apprentices (often Koranic students, and young men from other ethnic groups) and laborers. Interaction often takes place in the form of bantering, a common form of expression, often in the form of insults. The drawings and photos are welcome additions to the text.
Being a mason requires more than mere technical competence. The masons of Djenné demonstrate a keen ability to innovatively configure building plans and details, communicate their ideas and knowledge with words and actions, negotiate their positions and status, and perform secret knowledge. Or, as Marchand puts it, morals, muscles and mind are integrated, and his argument is that the traditions most worthy of support and conservation are part of the apprenticeship system itself.
Of course, the masons function in a changing world, and act accordingly. Some of them opt for working in other Malian cities or abroad, and work with modern materials such as cement. Marchand mentions "the interface between local building traditions and foreign intervention" (p. 25). An example is mason Bayeré Kouroumansé, who worked closely with several European researchers, had an integral role in the Mali-Dutch restoration projects, built houses for Europeans, traveled to Europe on several occasions, and participated in the Smithsonian Folklife Festival in Washington DC in 2003. Another is the annual replastering of the mosque, which is now specially staged during a festival in February, in hopes of attracting tourists. This raises a question: what would have happened to Djenné if there had not been outside intervention?
In 2005 Marchand returned to co-produce a "constructed" documentary film on Djenné's masons, with Susan Vogel (director) and Samuel Sidibé (director of the National Museum in Bamako). Mason Konmoussa Tennepo is the central figure in the film. He was chosen because he had excellent camera presence and an effervescent personality. Moreover, he had not been part of Marchand's field research, a fact which precluded conflict between the masons with whom he had already established relations.
The film reveals the interdependence between masons, buildings, and lives lived in them. It examines the tenuous survival of the inherited learning of masons, and the hard work that sustain this style of architecture. It shows daily life in Djenné's mud buildings: courtyards, a blacksmiths' workshop, the construction site, and Friday prayers at the great mosque.
The main characters are Konmoussa and those who surround him: his apprentice Amadou, a Koranic student from Timbuktu; his father, who taught him the trade; his wife; and his teenage son. His sister is a business woman who lives in Bamako, an example of the modern Malian woman: enterprising and outspoken. Some actors are real persons (Konmoussa, his father, his wife, Amadou), and some are acted ("invented"), like his "sister" who in real life runs a cybercafé in Djenné, and his "son." Interviews in Bamana are subtitled, and Mme Diallo, an official of the Cultural Heritage Center, narrates the English voice-over. The music is by Issa Bagayogo and the editing was done by Henry Kafka. An invented story line is that of Konmoussa's childless sister taking his son with her to Bamako. I imagine it was put in the film to show the dilemma between keeping a son in Djenné to be a mason, or sending him off to Bamako for a formal education. The discussion between Konmoussa and his sister, about the future of his son, takes place in public: she is in the street below, he on top of a building. This does feel a bit staged.
The resurfacing of the great mosque, at the end of the film, is quite exciting to watch: one sees Konmoussa and Amadou clinging dangerously to slippery ladders and working feverishly, accompanied by drumming and rattles. The last shot, of the two of them leaving, holding hands, is quite touching. For me, this could have been the last shot of the film. In my opinion, the filmmakers succumbed to the temptation to say too much, and there are too many people and subjects in the film. It might have been a stronger film, if less pedagogically useful, had the Koranic scholar, the blacksmiths, and the epilogue ("Two Years Later") been left out and replaced by longer shots showing more of the actual work of the masons, and the interaction between them. Still, to have a film accompany a book is a wonderful thing, and I can only hope that it will be done more often in the future!
If there is additional discussion of this review, you may access it through the list discussion logs at: _URL_
Elisabeth den Otter. Review of Marchand, Trevor Hugh James, The Masons of Djenné and
Susan Vogel, The Future of Mud: A Tale of Houses and Lives in Djenne.
H-AfrArts, H-Net Reviews.
|This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License.|