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Presentation on theme: "Wordlist 8 Giving Nature a Hand مرکز مطالعات و توسعه آموزش علوم پزشکی."— Presentation transcript:
Wordlist 8 Giving Nature a Hand مرکز مطالعات و توسعه آموزش علوم پزشکی
1. Advocate (v.) Definition: to publicly support or suggest an idea, development or way of doing something Synonym: support, advise, prescribe Example: She advocates taking a more long-term view. Word Family: ad·vo·ca·tive, adjective ad·vo·ca·tor, noun non·ad·vo·cate, noun pre·ad·vo·cate, noun
2. Aid (n.) D efinition: a piece of equipment that helps you to do something Synonym: assistant Example: teaching aids, such as books and videos Word Family: aid·er, noun aid·ful, adjective aid·less, adjective un·aid·ed, adjective un·aid·ed·ly, adverb
3. Alternative (adj.) Definition: affording a choice of two or more things, propositions, or cour ses of action. Synonym: substitute Example: an alternative route Word Family: al·ter·na·tive·ly, adverb al·ter·na·tive·ness, al·ter·na·tiv·i·ty, noun qua·si-al·ter·na·tive, adjective qua·si-al·ter·na·tive·ly, adverb
4. Ancestor (n.) Definition: a person related to you who lived a long time ago Synonym: forefather, predecessor Example: There were portraits of his ancestors on the walls of the room. Word Family:
5. Burial (n.) Definition: the act of putting a dead body into the ground, or the ceremony connected with this Synonym: funeral, entombment Example: We went back to Ireland for my uncle's burial. Word Family: re·bur·i·al, noun
6. Combine (v.) Definition: to (cause to) exist together, or join together to make a single thing or group Synonym: amalgamate, merge, unite Example: None of us has much money so let's combine what we've got. Word Family: com·bin·er, noun in·ter·com·bine, verb (used with object), in·ter·com·bined, in·ter·com·bin·i ng. non·com·bin·ing, adjective pre·com·bine, verb, pre·com·bined, pre·com·bin·ing. re·com·bine, verb, re·com·bined, re·com·bin·ing.
7. Component (n.) Definition: a part which combines with other parts to form something bigger Synonym: part, element, ingredient, section Example: The factory supplies electrical components for cars. Word Family: com·po·nen·tial, adjective com·po·nent·ed, adjective sub·com·po·nent, noun
8. Confine (v.) Definition: to limit an activity, person or problem in some way Synonym: limit, restrict Example: Let's confine our discussion to the matter in question, please! Word Family: con·fin·a·ble, con·fine·a·ble, adjective con·fine·less, adjective con·fin·er, noun non·con·fin·ing, adjective pre·con·fine, verb (used with object), pre·con·fined, pre·con·fin·ing.
9. Discrimination (n.) Definition: an act or instance of discriminating, or of making a distinction. Synonym: differentiation, distinction Example: His sharp ears has a great discrimination power. Word Family: dis·crim·i·na·tion·al, adjective an·ti·dis·crim·i·na·tion, adjective non·dis·crim·i·na·tion, noun pre·dis·crim·i·na·tion, noun self-dis·crim·i·na·tion, noun
10. Distant (adj) Definition: far away Synonym: far, remote Example: She could hear the distant sound of fireworks exploding. Word Family: dis·tant·ly, adverb dis·tant·ness, noun o·ver·dis·tant, adjective o·ver·dis·tant·ly, adverb qua·si-dis·tant, adjective
11. Eliminate (v.) Definition: to remove or take away Synonym: remove, get rid of, wipe out Example: A move towards healthy eating could help eliminate heart disease. Word Family: e·lim·i·na·tive, adjective non·e·lim·i·na·tive, adjective pre·e·lim·i·nate, verb (used with object), pre·e·lim·i·nat·ed, pre· e·lim·i·nat·ing. un·e·lim·i·nat·ed, adjective
12. Evaluation (n.) Definition: to judge or calculate the quality, importance, amount or value of something Synonym: assessment, judgment Example: We shall need to evaluate how the new material stands up to wear and tear. Word Family: mis·e·val·u·a·tion, noun non·e·val·u·a·tion, noun o·ver·e·val·u·a·tion, noun re·e·val·u·a·tion, noun self-e·val·u·a·tion, noun
13. Exploration (n.) Definition: when you search and find out about something Synonym: investigation, study, inquiry Example: The exploration for new sources of energy is vital for the future of our planet. Word Family: re·ex·plo·ra·tion, noun
14. Impose (v.) Definition: to officially force a rule, tax, punishment, etc. to be obeyed or received Synonym: force, thrust, inflict Example: Very high taxes have recently been imposed on cigarettes. Word Family: im·pos·a·ble, adjective im·pos·er, noun o·ver·im·pose, verb (used with object), o·ver·im·posed, o·ver·im·pos· ing. pre·im·pose, verb (used with object), pre·im·posed, pre·im·pos·ing. re·im·pose, verb, re·im·posed, re·im·pos·ing.
15. Improve (v.) Definition: to (cause something to) get better Synonym: advance, progress, develop Example: He did a lot to improve conditions for factory workers. Word Family: im·prov·a·ble, adjective im·prov·a·bil·i·ty, im·prov·a·ble·ness, noun im·prov·a·bly, adverb im·prov·ing·ly, adverb pre·im·prove, verb (used with object), pre·im·proved, pre·im·prov·in g.
16. Inconvenience (n.) Definition: a state or an example of problems or trouble, which often causes a delay or loss of comfort Synonym: trouble, problem, Example: We apologize for any inconvenience caused by the late arrival of the train. Word Family: un·in·con·ven·ienced, adjective
17. Objective (n.) Definition: something which you plan to do or achieve Synonym: aim, intention, target Example: Her main/prime objective now is simply to stay in power. Word Family: ob·jec·tive·ly, adverb ob·jec·tive·ness, noun pre·ob·jec·tive, adjective qua·si-ob·jec·tive, adjective qua·si-ob·jec·tive·ly, adverb
18. Opt for (v.) Definition: do something instead of other things Synonym: choose, prefer Example: Most of the people opt for bicycles nowadays. Word Family:
19.Proportion (n.) Definition: the number or amount of a group or part of something when compared to the whole Synonym: portion, amount, quantity Example: Children make up a large proportion of the world's population. Word Family: pro·por·tion·er, noun pro·por·tion·less, adjective mis·pro·por·tion, noun re·pro·por·tion, verb (used with object) su·per·pro·por·tion, noun
20. Sum (n.) Definition: an amount of money Synonym: amount, quantity, volume Example: Huge sums of money are spent on national defense. Word Family: sum·less, adjective sum·less·ness, noun out·sum, verb (used with object), out·summed, out·sum·ming.
21. Suspend (v.) Definition: to hang by attachment to something above. Synonym: hang, sling, swing Example: to suspend a chandelier from the ceiling. Word Family: sus·pend·i·ble, adjective sus·pend·i·bil·i·ty, noun non·sus·pend·ed, adjective pre·sus·pend, verb (used with object) re·sus·pend, verb
22. Voluntary (adj.) Definition: done, made or given willingly, without being forced or paid to do it Synonym: optional, discretionary, non-compulsory Example: They chose to take voluntary redundancy


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EIN-O's Seed Bursts Box Kit
What is germination? What role does gravity play in seed germination? This Seed Bursts plant biology kit answers these questions and so many more. Additionally, it teaches the essential elements for germinating seeds -- all through fun, hands-on experiments that further the educational experience. With the Ein-O I Know Guide, young botanists will plant seeds and watch them germinate and learn what effect water, a warm environment and gravity have on the germination process. Includes blotting paper, cotton wool, flower pots, grow tube, growth ruler, magnifying glass, seed potter, nursery dish and a convenient plastic storage box. Collect all 4 plant biology kits! For ages 7+.
Busy hands build strong minds! Children are curious by nature and one of the best ways for them to learn is by asking "how does it work?" These Ein-O Box Kits set out to answer basic science hows and whys and to reinforce learning through hands-on exploration. By building problem-solving skills children develop a thirst for additional learning and educational experiences.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Animals. Can't live with 'em, can't live without eating 'em. (Just kidding, vegans!)
Whether or not you do eat them, you certainly don't want to waste any of the precious meat — and that's what normally happens when a machine, not a human, tries to butcher an animal. After all, each animal is a different size and shape.
Enter Automated Lamb Boning. Developed by Scott Technology LTD, a New Zealand-based lamb exporter, this process uses X-ray technology to measure the inner dimensions of a lamb carcass to make cuts accurate and reduce waste.
Using the X-ray of each carcass, the 100% automated processing plant can adjust its robotic arms, claws, grippers, torso impalers and conveyor belts to make the most accurate cuts.
Watch the video (not for the squeamish) to see how efficiently it produces crown racks, chops and more.
Related on SmartPlanet:
- Video: Machine scoops up, deposits ketchup — in same shape
- Self-sculpting sand assembles itself into shapes
- Small, speedy robots zip, roll and swarm through the air
- Lockheed Martin debuts maple seed-inspired drone
- Video: Scientists create micro-robots that form assembly lines
via: Popular Science


Set Cover Problem (P =?= NP) and the Archetype technique for classification
I have published a heuristic solver for SCP on GitHub and PyPI (you can install it via pip):
_URL_
The paper can be found here: _URL_
The set cover problem (SCP) is one of the open problems in operations research. It has many real-life applications, such as crew-assigning for trains and airlines, fire station/school-location selection, nurse-scheduling etc. As an astronomical application of SCP, I have developed a new Archetype technique for classification purposes.
The SCP can formulated as an integer linear programming problem as follows. There are M rows to be covered and there are N columns to select from (to cover the rows). Let a binary MxN matrix A represent the relation between columns and rows. If a column j covers row i, then a_ij = 1, while a_ij = 0 if otherwise. If the cost of a column j is c_j, the problem is to find a set of columns S with minimal total cost, subject to that all rows must be covered. Formally, the SCP is to find
The problem is notoriously difficult. It is one of Karp's 21 NP-complete problems and therefore has important implications for P =?= NP, one of the seven millennium prize problems.

I have developed a heuristic solver based on Lagrangian relaxation,
_URL_
You can install it through pip:
>> pip install SetCoverPy
For the standard tests (4,5,6, A-G instances from Beasley's OR Library), the code yields a solution that is on average 99% optimal (in terms of the final cost). The code can still be improved and any feedback will be greatly appreciated.
★ This work has been funded by #HST-HF2-51351


CHP cuts emissions at Jaguar Halewood
BP Energy has gained consent from Energy Minister Peter Hain to build a 70MW gas-fired combined heat and power station at the Jaguar's Halewood site. The proposed stations will supply the heat and electricity needs of the Halewood works where Jaguar will build a range of models including its new X-type.
In a written answer to a Parliamentary Question from Maria Eagle (Liverpool, Garston), Hain said: 'Combined heat and power plants are designed to produce both electricity and usable heat. They have environmental benefits due to their high levels of energy efficiency.
'The decision shows the commitment of Ford to Merseyside as the power station will supply the current and future needs of the Jaguar works which will shortly be producing a new range.
The Energy Minister has also given the green light to Great Yarmouth Power to extend the South Denes combined cycle gas turbine power station by an increase in capacity from 350 to 400 MW.
In another written answer Hain commented: 'It is important that developers considering new proposals explore the opportunities to use combined heat and power.'
Combined heat and power stations release 50% less emission of such gases to the atmosphere than conventional fossil fuelled stations.
On the web


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White flour is made up mostly of starch. If you have read the article How Food Works, you know that starch is a carbohydrate, meaning that it is made of sugar molecules chained together. Anyone who has ever lit a marshmallow on fire knows that sugar burns easily. So does flour.
Flour and many other carbohydrates become explosive when they are hanging in the air as dust. It only takes 1 or 2 grams of dust per cubic foot of air (50 or so grams per cubic meter) for the mixture to be ignitable. Flour grains are so tiny that they burn instantly. When one grain burns, it lights other grains near it, and the flame front can flash through a dust cloud with explosive force. Just about any carbohydrate dust, including sugar, pudding mix, fine sawdust, etc., will explode once ignited.
When you hear about an explosion in a grain elevator on the news, this is what has occurred. A spark or a source of heat ignited the dust in the air and it exploded.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Brush Lettering
Hey guys! It's me again.
Want to start brush lettering but don't know how? If you haven't done Faux Calligraphy, go ahead and check out the post. To do either, you need a rudimentary knowledge of cursive. If you don't know how, I recommend using the D'Nealian or the Spencerian Method. I did the the D'Nealian method and now I doing the Spencerian method which is great!
To brush letter, you'll need: paper, a brush pen (best brush pen to start with is Tombow Fudenoske (comes in hard and soft tip)). I'm using normal printer paper and (what brush)
Step 1. Remember upstrokes and down-strokes? (insert photo) Practice thick down-strokes and thin upstrokes. Don't be afraid to push down on the brush tip. 🎨
Step 2. Let's do the letter "a," a cursive letter "a."
Remember to achieve downstrokes and maintain your marker, hold the tip at a 45 degree angle to the paper.
Step 3. Practice is the key to mastery (maybe I heard it somewhere 😊)
PRACTICE is the only advice I can give to getting better. I started brush lettering maybe a year and half ago.
Tell how you did!! and practice!
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Journal of Advanced Ceramics
December 2016, Volume 5,Issue 4, pp 321–328
Effects of different backbone binders on the characteristics of zirconia parts using wax-based binder system via ceramic injection molding
Jiaxin Wen,Zhipeng Xie,Wenbin Cao,Xianfeng Yang
In this work, various backbone binders were used in wax-based binder system to formulate zirconia parts by ceramic injection molding (CIM). The effect of different backbone binders on the molding, debinding, and sintering behaviors was investigated. After blending process, the feedstock using multi-polymer components exhibited more homogeneous structure compared with that using the mono-polymer ones due to the synergistic effect of multi-polymers. During solvent debinding, some defects such as "slumping" and "peeling" appeared in the parts containing ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), but they were not found in the parts with other thermal polymers. Also, as for the parts after sintering, the one using low density polyethylene (LDPE) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) as backbone binders presented a more uniform microstructure with finer zirconia grains among all the investigated compositions, and thus obtained the highest flexural strength (~949 MPa) and relative density (~98.9%).


A Morse Code typo lights city skyline
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An evening view of the city's Downtown skyline offers more than just a beautiful blend of old and new architecture towering over glistening moonlit rivers.
If you look high atop the 33-story Grant Building, you see the red neon lights flashing, in International Morse Code, a one-word message:
Wait, that's not right, said Tom Stepleton, as he decoded the message while waiting to see the city's Fourth of July fireworks show with friends at the Brew House on the South Side.
"I was looking at it, and I saw the letter 'K,' which is [dash-dot-dash]," Mr. Stepleton said. "I remembered 'K' because my sister's name starts with 'K.' And I knew that wasn't supposed to be there."
Mr. Stepleton, 29, of Squirrel Hill, a graduate student pursuing a degree in computer sciences at Carnegie Mellon University, knew from past viewing that the code should spell "Pittsburgh." He learned Morse code as a teenager, when he became a ham radio operator.
Of course, it's not like it's a secret. The flashing beacon atop the Grant Building has been famous for spelling out "Pittsburgh" since they flipped the switch during a dedication in March 1929.
The Grant Building, located on Grant Street between Third and Fourth avenues, was designed by architect Henry Hornbostel and stood as the tallest building between New York and Cleveland when it was built in 1928. Pittsburgh's first skyscraper, it cost $8.5 million to build.
The radio tower erected atop the 500-foot structure served KDKA Radio, which then was housed in the Grant Building.
But skyscrapers weren't the only thing new at the time. Commercial air travel was still a novelty and regular air mail service was just a year-old experiment. Newspapers at the time said it was decided that the tower should have an aerial beacon flashing on it "to comply with the recent request of Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover, so that aviators might recognize the city."
Red neon was chosen because it was the color best visible through fog.
It was reported that W.J. Strassburger, president of the Grant Building Inc. and its principal backer, suggested that since the tower beacon had to flash, it might as well flash something worthwhile.
The word "Pittsburgh," transmitted via 3.25 million candlepower, could be seen by pilots from 75 to 125 miles away, depending upon conditions, and was registered with the Bureau of Lighthouses in the Division of Aeronautics.
Through the decades, the tower was replaced by a smaller version, but the word "Pittsburgh" has been flashing pretty steadily from dusk to dawn.
The letters, as any sailor could tell you, are "dot-dash-dash-dot, dot-dot, dash, dash, dot-dot-dot, dash-dot-dot-dot, dot-dot-dash, dot-dash-dot, dash-dash-dot, and dot-dot-dot-dot." Following the four flashing dots for the letter "H," there is a short pause, and then the series repeats.
Until recently, that is.
Representatives of McKnight Property Management, the building's current owners, could not say how long the code has been off or how and when the lights might be reset. But the company is aware of the flawed flashes.
Mr. Stepleton, a recreational pilot, spelled out where the errors are. First, there is a stray flash -- which could be construed as a dot representing the letter "E" -- between the two dashes that represent the two "Ts" in Pittsburgh.
Then there is a dash that should be a dot at the start of the seventh letter, turning what ought to be a "U" into a "K."
Finally, there is a dot that should be a dash at the start of the ninth letter, changing the "G" into another "R."
Mr. Stepleton thought the brilliant typo interesting enough to record and upload onto Youtube.com. Then, believing that someone might want to correct it, he contacted the Post-Gazette.
Apparently, he knows how seriously the newspaper takes misspelled words.
Create a free PG account.
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The two giants of religious tolerance - Buddhism and Hinduism - are locking horns over custodianship of the Mahabodhi temple in Bihar. Fundamentalist factions from both faiths are playing tug-of-war with a shrine where devotees of both faiths have worshipped side-by-side for decades. The problem erupted when the state government tried to tried to change the management - now half Hindu and half Buddhist - to all-Buddhist. State Minister Yadav stood to gain a large Buddhist voting bloc if the law passed. A near-violent Hindu objection surprised him.
Historically, this Buddhist wealthy shrine is where Gautama achieved enlightenment 2,500 years ago. It is for Buddhists their Mecca, their Ayodhya. Hindus base their claim on a Siva lingam nestled into the temple in 602 CE and still worshipped. Others claim the Pandava brothers and their wife Draupadi performed final rites there for kinsmen lost in the Mahabharata war.
In 1590, Mahant Gossain Ghamandi Giri established a Hindu mutt there and gradually took control of the shrine. But by 1877, it was in disrepair. The king of Burma, a Buddhist, sent a team to repair it but they were blocked by Hindus. In 1903, the British Viceroy proposed a compromise where Buddhist and Hindu priests jointly manage. This became law in 1949 as the Bodhgaya Temple Act with an 8-member, half-Buddhist, half-Hindu committee, overseen by the local magistrate. But he was usually Hindu which tilted justice and tested Buddhist emotions.
District authorities fear clashes between the militants among both the Buddhist and the Hindus during the winter months, when Buddhists from all over the world visit on pilgrimage.
Article copyright Himalayan Academy.


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Sections, 2016-2022, archival pigment prints, photographs taken of vegetal segments on 19th-century British and French microscopic slides, ©Tamas Dezső
On display at Robert Capa Contemporary Photography Center until 12 March, 2023.
Tamás Dezső explores the self-identity of all living things, including humans, in his latest work. What is the mysterious and inexplicable link that binds all the living personalities together for a lifetime? Physically, we are in a state of constant change: like other living things, almost all the molecules in the human body are constantly being replaced by new ones. Intellectually, we are also in a constant state of flux: our way of thinking changes throughout our lives. What does identity consist of? How can we call ourselves the same person all the time, despite all these changes? There are more differences than similarities between our tens and fifties selves. A seed and the tree that grows from it seem to have nothing in common, yet we are talking about the same living organism.
In the context of the ecological crisis, it has become imperative to treat plants according to their importance, and to make a serious effort to understand the fragile plant existence alongside human identity, amidst a nagging sense of ever-deepening belatedness. And not merely because our very existence depends on them and depends on them.
Text by István Virágvölgyi, curator

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


all splits. We leverage Apache Beam to be able to easily scale to large datasets if needed.
def make_example_with_unique_id(example, id_feature_name):
 """Adds a unique ID to the given 'tf.train.Example' proto.
 This function uses Python's 'uuid' module to generate a universally unique
 identifier for each example.
 Args:
 example: An instance of a 'tf.train.Example' proto.
 id_feature_name: The name of the feature in the resulting 'tf.train.Example'
 that will contain the unique identifier.
 Returns:
 A new 'tf.train.Example' proto that includes a unique identifier as an
 additional feature.
 """
 result = tf.train.Example()
 result.CopyFrom(example)
 unique_id = uuid.uuid4()
 result.features.feature.get_or_create(
 id_feature_name).bytes_list.MergeFrom(
 tf.train.BytesList(value=[str(unique_id).encode('utf-8')]))
 return result
@component
def IdentifyExamples(orig_examples: InputArtifact[Examples],
 identified_examples: OutputArtifact[Examples],
 id_feature_name: Parameter[str],
 component_name: Parameter[str]) -> None:
 # Get a list of the splits in input_data
 splits_list = artifact_utils.decode_split_names(
 split_names=orig_examples.split_names)
 # For completeness, encode the splits names and payload_format.
 # We could also just use input_data.split_names.
 identified_examples.split_names = artifact_utils.encode_split_names(
 splits=splits_list)
 # TODO(b/168616829): Remove populating payload_format after tfx 0.25.0.
 identified_examples.set_string_custom_property(
 "payload_format",
 orig_examples.get_string_custom_property("payload_format"))
 for split in splits_list:
 input_dir = artifact_utils.get_split_uri([orig_examples], split)
 output_dir = artifact_utils.get_split_uri([identified_examples], split)
 os.mkdir(output_dir)
 with beam.Pipeline() as pipeline:
 (pipeline
 | 'ReadExamples' >> beam.io.ReadFromTFRecord(
 os.path.join(input_dir, '*'),
 coder=beam.coders.coders.ProtoCoder(tf.train.Example))
 | 'AddUniqueId' >> beam.Map(make_example_with_unique_id, id_feature_name)
 | 'WriteIdentifiedExamples' >> beam.io.WriteToTFRecord(
 file_path_prefix=os.path.join(output_dir, 'data_tfrecord'),
 coder=beam.coders.coders.ProtoCoder(tf.train.Example),
 file_name_suffix='.gz'))
 return
identify_examples = IdentifyExamples(
 orig_examples=example_gen.outputs['examples'],
 component_name=u'IdentifyExamples',
 id_feature_name=u'id')
context.run(identify_examples, enable_cache=False)
WARNING:root:Make sure that locally built Python SDK docker image has Python 3.7 interpreter.
WARNING:root:Make sure that locally built Python SDK docker image has Python 3.7 interpreter.
The StatisticsGen Component
The StatisticsGen component computes descriptive statistics for your dataset. The statistics that it generates can be visualized for review, and are used for example validation and to infer a schema.
Create a StatisticsGen component and run it.
# Computes statistics over data for visualization and example validation.
statistics_gen = StatisticsGen(
 examples=identify_examples.outputs["identified_examples"])
context.run(statistics_gen, enable_cache=True)
WARNING:root:Make sure that locally built Python SDK docker image has Python 3.7 interpreter.
The SchemaGen Component
The SchemaGen component generates a schema for your data based on the statistics from StatisticsGen. It tries to infer the data types of each of your features, and the ranges of legal values for categorical features.
Create a SchemaGen component and run it.
# Generates schema based on statistics files.
schema_gen = SchemaGen(
 statistics=statistics_gen.outputs['statistics'], infer_feature_shape=False)
context.run(schema_gen, enable_cache=True)
2021-07-27 09:12:23.230961: W ml_metadata/metadata_store/rdbms_metadata_access_object.cc:623] No property is defined for the Type
The generated artifact is just a schema.pbtxt containing a text representation of a schema_pb2.Schema protobuf:
train_uri = schema_gen.outputs['schema'].get()[0].uri
schema_filename = os.path.join(train_uri, 'schema.pbtxt')
schema = tfx.utils.io_utils.parse_pbtxt_file(
 file_name=schema_filename, message=schema_pb2.Schema())
It can be visualized using tfdv.display_schema() (we will look at this in more detail in a subsequent lab):
tfdv.display_schema(schema)
The ExampleValidator Component
The ExampleValidator performs anomaly detection, based on the statistics from StatisticsGen and the schema from SchemaGen. It looks for problems such as missing values, values of the wrong type, or categorical values outside of the domain of acceptable values.
Create an ExampleValidator component and run it.
# Performs anomaly detection based on statistics and data schema.
validate_stats = ExampleValidator(
 statistics=statistics_gen.outputs['statistics'],
 schema=schema_gen.outputs['schema'])
context.run(validate_stats, enable_cache=False)
The SynthesizeGraph Component
Graph construction involves creating embeddings for text samples and then using a similarity function to compare the embeddings.
We will use pretrained Swivel embeddings to create embeddings in the tf.train.Example format for each sample in the input. We will store the resulting embeddings in the TFRecord format along with the sample's ID. This is important and will allow us match sample embeddings with corresponding nodes in the graph later.
Once we have the sample embeddings, we will use them to build a similarity graph, i.e, nodes in this graph will correspond to samples and edges in this graph will correspond to similarity between pairs of nodes.
Neural Structured Learning provides a graph building library to build a graph based on sample embeddings. It uses cosine similarity as the similarity measure to compare embeddings and build edges between them. It also allows us to specify a similarity threshold, which can be used to discard dissimilar edges from the final graph. In the following example, using 0.99 as the similarity threshold, we end up with a graph that has 111,066 bi-directional edges.
swivel_url = '_URL_
hub_layer = hub.KerasLayer(swivel_url, input_shape=[], dtype=tf.string)
def _bytes_feature(value):
 """Returns a bytes_list from a string / byte."""
 return tf.train.Feature(bytes_list=tf.train.BytesList(value=value))
def _float_feature(value):
 """Returns a float_list from a float / double."""
 return tf.train.Feature(float_list=tf.train.FloatList(value=value))
def create_embedding_example(example):
 """Create tf.Example containing the sample's embedding and its ID."""
 sentence_embedding = hub_layer(tf.sparse.to_dense(example['text']))
 # Flatten the sentence embedding back to 1-D.
 sentence_embedding = tf.reshape(sentence_embedding, shape=[-1])
 feature_dict = {
 'id': _bytes_feature(tf.sparse.to_dense(example['id']).numpy()),
 'embedding': _float_feature(sentence_embedding.numpy().tolist())


text:
Gotipua dancers of Konark Natya Mandap set the stage on fire at Thripunithura.
What makes Orissa's indigenous dance form Gotipua so special is that it still retains an element of rawness, distinguishing it from the more sophisticated Odissi. This traditional dance form, believed to be the precursor of Odissi, is free from refinement and restrictions of a 'classical' structure, thus remaining vibrant and full of energy. Eight boys of the famed Konark Natya Mandap set the stage on fire with a robust performance of Gotipua at Thripunithura.
History has it that Gotipua originated sometime during the end of the 15th century and beginning of the 16th century. The 'Devadasi' or 'Mahari' tradition was in a state of decline and there was the need to keep the dance tradition alive. So boys were trained for this.
Gotipua in Oriya means 'single boy.' But, ironically, the 'goti puas' always perform in pairs or groups. The structure of the dance is such that the boys – dressed as girls – move together in perfect sync. This happens not just in the movements but even in the expressional and acrobatic phases of the performance.
The dancers reach this stage of perfection through years of rigorous training. "Boys, mostly from very poor families, are recruited to different dance schools in Orissa. They are usually between the age of six and 13. After this they either turn teachers or move into Odissi. They are trained for around two years, during which they learn the techniques of dance and abhinaya, and attain the flexibility that is so important," says B.C. Biswal, manager of the troupe.
A typical Gotipua performance begins with 'Bhumi Pranam,' an invocation to the Lord or a salutation to Mother Earth. This is followed by 'Nritya,' where the dancers exhibit their subtle movements and some mudras still extant.
One part of the performance is set apart for 'abhinaya,' which offers scope for the dancers to present their skill in narrating a story through expressions or the 'navarasas.' In abhinaya, writings of medieval Oriya poets such as Gopalkrushna, Banamali, Goura Charan and others are used. Various situations, especially based on the Radha-Krishna concept, are depicted. Perhaps, the most exacting and exciting aspect of Gotipua is 'Bandha Nritya' or acrobatics. The dancers amaze with their intricate poses that are termed 'chaki,' 'shagadi,' 'mayura' and 'chira mayura.'
The 'aharya' of the dancers is simple. They closely resemble that of the more popular Odissi style or that of the Devadasis of an earlier period. They wear jewellery made of beads; necklaces, armbands and ear ornaments. Their heavy ankle bells add to the pulsating rhythm. The dancers use thick make-up and even have flowers in their hair, which is bound in a top knot.
The dancers are supported by musicians, who play the mardal, a percussion instrument akin to the pakhawaj, the gini (cymbals), the harmonium, the violin and the bansuri. The dancers sing when they perform and are backed by an additional vocalist.
It is often said that one must see a Gotipua performance before you can appreciate Odissi. And watching Gotipua is a must for aspiring Odissi dancers. That the modern, classical Odissi has been distilled from Gotipua becomes evident in the nritya, abhinaya, costume and even make-up of the dancers.
The only and major point of difference is in the acrobatic movements that are prevalent in Gotipua. These movements seem to have been derived from yoga, tribal and folk forms. The beauty of the acrobatic movements is that it gels well with the dance.
Unlike most of our classical dance forms that have been influenced by the National movement and class associations, Gotipua remains a dance of the downtrodden. So too are its practitioners. Hence, Gotipua still retains an earthy vibrancy and powerful energy. And this is what makes it special.
However, of late, there appears to be a dilution in this dance form. It appears to have been influenced by theatre and even cinema. The tableau-like poses the dancers strike, waiting for the usually loud applause, somehow do not seem original.
These young boys may not be able to explain the nuances of their dance or music; they know only to recreate only what they have imbibed in all the years of training. It is their spontaneity, vitality, unabashed dancing and raw energy that hold audiences the world-over spellbound. And Thripunithura was no exception.
The performance was held under the aegis of Society for Promotion of Indian Classical Music and Culture Amongst Youth (SPICMACAY) and Sree Poornathrayeesa Sangeetha Sabha.


Yes, lent is a Scrabble word!
Lent is a valid Scrabble word.
Table of Contents
Dictionary definitions of the word 'lent'
The meaning of lent
4 definitions of the word 'lent'.
 1. Bestow a quality on
 2. Give temporarily; let have for a limited time
 1. A period of 40 weekdays from Ash Wednesday to Holy Saturday
What Scrabble words can I make with the letters in lent?
3 Letter Words
2 Letter Words
Words that can be created with an extra letter added to lent:
Unscramble the letters in lent
There are 6 words that can be made by adding another letter to 'lent'.
More words that can be made using the letters in lent


text:
Birmingham pen trade
 19th century
In Newhall Street, John Mitchell manufactured pens; he pioneered mass production of steel pens (prior to this, the quill pen was the most common form of writing instrument). Mitchells are credited as being the first manufacturers to use machines to cut pen nibs, greatly speeding up the process. John's brother William later set up his own pen-making business in St Paul's square.
Baker and Finnemore operated in James Street, near St Paul's Square; C. Brandauer & Co Ltd. (founded as Ash & Petit) traded at 70 Navigation Street; Joseph Gillott & Sons Ltd. made pen nibs in Bread Street (now Cornwall Street) for companies such as Perry & Co.; Hinks, Wells & Co. traded in Buckingham Street; George W. Hughes traded in St Paul's Square; Leonardt & Catwinkle (then D. Leonardt & Co.) traded in George and Charlotte Streets, and M. Myers & Son. were based at 8 Newhall Street.
By the 1850s, Birmingham existed as a world centre for steel pen and steel nib manufacture; more than half the steel-nib pens manufactured in the world were made in Birmingham. Thousands of skilled craftsmen and -women were employed in the industry. Many new manufacturing techniques were perfected in Birmingham, enabling the city's factories to mass-produce their pens cheaply and efficiently. These were sold worldwide to many who previously could not afford to write, thus encouraging the development of education and literacy.
 20th century
Richard Esterbrook manufactured quill pens in Cornwall. During the 19th century, Esterbrook saw a gap in the American market for steel-nib pens. He approached five craftsmen who worked for John Mitchell in Navigation Street, with a view to setting up business in Camden, New Jersey, USA. Esterbrook later went on to become one of the largest steel-pen manufacturers in the world. He returned to Birmingham for help when in 1928 the British Government placed restrictions on US imports. John Mitchell's factory was used to produce Esterbrook pens within the UK (Mitchells were then operating in Moland Street). In 1930 Esterbrook introduced a fountain pen in Britain which had a nib made of osmiridium, which eventually replaced large-scale production of steel-tipped pens.
During World War II, pen manufacture in the city was somewhat disturbed. Mitchell's factory on Moland Street was struck by an incendiary bomb; the premises were partially rebuilt during the war with government aid, on condition that a government stationery office and ammunition assay office could reside there. Esterbrook were still manufacturing pens in Birmingham until 1973.
During the first half of the 20th century Swan Pens opened a large gold pen-making factory in the city, taking advantage of the skilled gold workers of the jewellery quarter, and at the same time Osmiroid International had a large production plant in the city.
 See also
- D. Leonardt & Co.
- Dip pen
- Joseph Gillott's
- List of pen types, brands and companies
- Perry & Co.
- The Birmingham Pen Trade Heritage Association and Museum
- D. Leonardt & Co. /Manuscript Pen Co Ltd website
- Brause website


Is there a spiritual component to marijuana?
Ganja yoga - smoke weed in higher spheres?
Doga (dog yoga), beer and laughter yoga. The yoga trends are just sprouting up. In this article we want to introduce you to one of them: Ganja Yoga. Smoking weed and yoga sounds like an extraordinary combination at first, but what is really behind it? In our article you will find out where this trend originated, how cannabis consumption can support you in your yoga practice and bring you closer to the goals of yoga.
How do yoga and cannabis use fit together?
Ganja yoga is enjoying increasing popularity in the USA. Some US states where cannabis use is legal already have their own centers for this form of yoga. For example in California, the state in which the trend developed. Sun, beach, yoga and weed - actually not a bad idea. But maybe one or the other wonders to what extent yoga and weed go together. On the surface, it seems that smoking weed is more likely to keep us from achieving the goals of yoga practice. Ultimately, in yoga, we want to bring body and mind into harmony and achieve a state of inner calm and clarity. Does cannabis use obscure this condition or can it bring us closer to the goals of yoga?
Ganja Yoga: Combination of yoga and weed
People who smoke weed often justify their preference by saying that cannabis makes them feel more relaxed and balanced. And it is not just the Rastafarians who believe that they can reach a higher sphere of consciousness by consuming marijuana. THC, the most prominent cannabinoid in cannabis, docks in the brain on receptors that are usually available for endogenous cannabinoids such as anandamides. The function of anandamides has not yet been adequately researched, but it is assumed that they play an important role in perception, pain processing and memory, among other things. If THC attaches to the receptors, it can trigger reactions similar to anandamides. For example, the consumption of cannabis can lead to a state of deep relaxation or fatigue in some users, or to sudden hunger, the famous munchies. So it seems like both yoga and cannabis use could bring some benefits in achieving a present and peaceful state. A combination of the two could lead to an increase in the effect.
Ganja yoga focuses on the spiritual component of yoga practice
Ganja yoga can be particularly attractive for yogis who have previously practiced yoga primarily for sporting reasons and who found it difficult to get involved in the spiritual part. It is obvious that this form of yoga is one of the most relaxed types of yoga. The spiritual component of yoga practice is the focus of ganja yoga. First and foremost, the participants should relax and feel good. Representatives of Ganja Yoga report that by consuming cannabis it is easier for them to get involved in the yoga practice, to open the mind, to break away from the will to compete, to break inner boundaries and to overcome mental barriers. Since cannabis affects most people differently, this perception is subjective. If you want to find out whether ganja yoga is right for you, you have no choice but to try the yoga practice yourself. At Vice you can find a cool article about ganja yoga and meditation, a self-experiment with cannabis. And by the way: CBD yoga is all the rage and is a bit too heavy for everyone who likes weed.


Reminder from the Architectural Control Committee (ACC)
Just a few reminders of regulations in the SunBird Community:
1. Golf carts
Vehicles or golf carts are not to be parked on the unpaved portions of any homeowner's lot.
2. Clotheslines
Outside clotheslines or other outside facilities for drying or airing clothes shall not be erected, placed, maintained, or used on premises.
3. Covering vehicles
Covered storage of a vehicle on a driveway or a street is not permitted. Covered storage is allowed in a carport.
4. Windows
Mirrored, aluminum foil, cardboard, paper, etc. cannot be used as window covers.
5. Yard maintenance
Fronts, sides, and backyards should always be free of weeds, dead and dying plants, trees, bushes, and other trash and debris deemed to be a nuisance.
6. Carport and patio clutter
No major appliances, including small refrigerators, can be used or stored in carports and patios. No scooters, bicycles, household items, or household furniture can be stored on front patios, walkways, or carports. All cleaning, garden, and construction equipment cannot be stored if visible to adjacent neighbors and from surrounding streets.


text:
Born in 1817 in the town of Comillas, in Cantabria, Antonio López y López was one of several tycoons who made their fortunes in Central America by trafficking slaves from the African coast to Cuba.
Once in Barcelona, he ran the Compañía Trasatlántica shipping line and helped found the Banco Hispano-Colonial, at the same time continuing to trade in slaves and putting the brakes on social reforms in Spanish colonies on the other side of the Atlantic.
His business success earnt him the title of Marquis of Comillas in 1878 and Spain's Grand Cross in 1881. Following his death, the statue paying homage to him was erected. The monument sparked controversy and was demolished in 1936 at the start of the Spanish Civil War, later to be rebuilt in 1944.


text: An atomic force microscope (AFM) probe on a GaAs wafer was studied as a new microwave probe structure. A waveguide was created by evaporating an Au film on the top and bottom surfaces of the GaAs AFM probe. The fabricated AMF probe's tip is 8 μm long and has a radius of curvature of about 50 nm. The open structure of the waveguide at the tip of the probe was generated by using focused ion beam (FIB) fabrication. AFM topography of a grating sample was created by using the fabricated microwave AFM probe. The fabricated probe exhibits nanometer-scale resolution, and microwave emission was successfully detected at the tip of the probe by approaching Cr-V steel and Au wire samples.


text:
FEKT-NEICAcad. year: 2019/2020
The main idea of the course is to introduce the students to the procedures of designing and realizing safe, harmless electrical installation in civic utility buildings. The course is oriented towards developing the students' practical skills.
Learning outcomes of the course unit
Upon completion of the course, the students will be able to perform the following tasks:
- describe distribution networks in the Czech Republic
- define the conditions of electricity supply in the Czech Republic
- determine the method for realizing electrical installation in a civic amenities building
- specify the technique of protecting the power line against overcurrent
- determine the method of protection against electric shock
- define the risk of damage by lightning
- select a lightning protection system
- select a system of protective measures against an electromagnetic pulse
- specify a method for the realization of fire-safe electrical installation
Students wishing to enroll in the course are expected to be capable of applying Kirchhoff's and Ohm's laws, and they should be able to analyze the circuits in a three-phase system.
Recommended optional programme components
Recommended or required reading
Soubor norem ČSN 33 2000-1 až 7,ČNI (CS)
IEC 60364: Electrical installations of buildins, set of standards (EN)
DVOŘÁČEK, K. Správná a bezpečná elektroinstalace. ERA Brno 2004, ISBN 80-86517-53-5 (CS)
DVOŘÁČEK, K. Speciální elektroinstalace. ERA Brno 2005, ISBN 80-7366-018-0 (CS)
KUNC, J. Elektroinstalace krok za krokem. GRADA 2003, ISBN 80-_PHONE_-1 (CS)
STEINBAUER, M.; KALÁB, P. Elektrické instalace. Brno: Ing. Zdeněk Novotný, CSc. Ondráčkova 105, 628 00 Brno, 2009. s. 1-130. ISBN: 978-80-_PHONE_- 2. (CS)
BURANT, J. – BRABEC, L.: Požární bezpečnost elektrických instalací. IN-EL Praha 2004 (CS)
BURANT, J.: Blesk a přepětí. FCC Public Praha 2006 (CS)
MACHÁČEK, V.: Elektrické přípojky z vedení distribuční soustavy a připojování konečných zákazníků. IN-EL Praha 2005 (CS)
Hasse, P. Wiesinger, J.::EMV Blitz Schutzzonen Koncept,Pflaum Verlag Mnichov, 1993 (DE)
Planned learning activities and teaching methods
Teaching methods include lectures, seminars and practical laboratory exercises. The course uses eLearning (Moodle) system.
Assesment methods and criteria linked to learning outcomes
The only component subject to assessment consists in the final project, where the applicable classification range is 0 – 100 points (classified credit).
Language of instruction
1. Concepts of lv electrical installation
2. Electrical connections
3. Inlet structures
4. Distribution frames behind electricity meter
5. Dimensioning and protection of power lines
6. Protection against electric shock
7. Electrical installation designs
8. Protection and safety devices; short circuit resistance; selectivity; voltage loss
9. Lightning protection: persons and buildings
10. Protecting electrical and electronic systems against electromagnetic effects of lightning
11. Electrical installation in special structures
12. Fire resistant electrical installation
13. Final revision. How to become a design engineer.
The course has been set up to teach the methods of using up-to-date elements and systems to design electrical installation in tenement or utility buildings according to international standards and Czech regulations in force. The students will be provided with an overview of the currently applied materials, conductors, apparatuses, and electrical fittings.
Specification of controlled education, way of implementation and compensation for absences
The students' participation in laboratory-based instruction is compulsory. Any absence that has been duly communicated to the teacher can be compensated by temporarily joining another study group within the course.
Classification of course in study plans
Type of course unit
26 hours, optionally
Teacher / Lecturer
12 hours, compulsory
Teacher / Lecturer
The other activities
14 hours, compulsory
Teacher / Lecturer
eLearning: currently opened course


text:
Rockville, MD (PRWEB) January 25, 2006
Ariadne Genomics, Inc. today announced the release of MedScan Reader 1.0, a new category of desktop software that enables automated extraction of information from scientific text. This software, developed for a broad range of life science professionals and biomedical students, dramatically facilitates professional reading and reduces time spent on literature research.
MedScan Reader is the first commercially available product with the ability to read and digest thousands of abstracts or documents on the fly, summarize content, and provide an instant snapshot of relevant information. This user-friendly product is helpful for students, post-docs, professors and doctors specializing in various areas of the biomedical field. MedScan Reader understands a broad range of subjects, and can process documents on numerous aspects of protein function, biochemistry, cellular physiology and molecular pathology.
MedScan Reader is derived from MedScan, Ariadnes well-established information extraction technology based on natural language processing (NLP). Over the past few years, MedScan has been deployed as an information extraction tool at a number of biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. This product has also been used for the creation of Ariadnes ResNet database, the core data source for PathwayStudio


text:
given above.
- All part overs are truncated (i.e. ignore the decimal points to the next lowest whole over). See the following example:
The team batting first scored 149. "Target Score" is therefore 150 runs for the team batting second (149 plus 1 run).
- To score 5 points, the team batting second must pass the 1st innings score within 26 completed overs. (Calculation = 150 / 5.60 = 26.785, truncated to26 overs).
- 4 points = Must reach the Target of 150 within 30 completed overs (150 /5.00 = 30.000000. Truncated to 30).
- 3 points = Must reach the Target of 150 within 34 completed overs (150 /4.40 = 34.090909. Truncated to 34) etc.
- If the side batting second reaches 150 in 30 completed overs, they would score 4 points. If they reach 150 in 30 overs & 1 ball, they would score 3.
- If chasing a very small target, it may occur that, after truncating overs, the same target over applies for different points. In this case, the team that reaches the target in this time shall receive the highest applicable points.
-The points are not cumulative ie the side only scores the maximum attributable points.
Note: Captains of both sides should calculate the number of points earned by each team & include them on the score sheet submitted to the HKCA after each game. These will be verified by the HKCA by checking the information on the scoresheet. The HKCA determination will be final. Therefore, it is important to clearly indicate on the score sheet which over the team batting second scored the target runs, if they won the game. This should be done in the 'remarks' section of the form as follows: "Team (e.g. LSW), batting second, scored the target of (e.g. 150) runs in (e.g. 26 overs); equals (e.g. 5) batting bonus points."
Bowling Bonus Points
10. Bowling Bonus Points are awarded to both sides as follows:
One point each for 2,4, 6 and 8 wickets plus one point for "All Out". (maximum 5 points)
Reduced Overs Matches
11. Should the start of the match be unavoidably delayed due to ground, weather and/or light conditions or other reason, the umpires shall reduce the total number of overs to be bowled by two overs for every six minutes lost (i.e. one over per innings). In the event that a 50-over match is so reduced, the number of overs allowed per bowler and the fielding restrictions shall be reduced as follows:-
12. A fielding circle shall be drawn or otherwise marked with disks by the home side in each game. The circle shall be 27.5m (30 yards) metres in radius measured from the base of both centre stumps. Fielding restrictions AT THE MOMENT OF DELIVERY are as follows:
a) a minimum of four fielders, in addition to the bowler and wicket keeper, must remain within the 27.5m circle throughout the game;
b)for the first 15 overs, there must be no more than two fielders outside the 27.5m circle; and
c)for the first 15 overs there must be a minimum of two stationary (catching) fielders within a 13.72m (15 yards) circle from the striker's wicket.
Note: At the umpire's discretion when a fast bowler is bowling, the 13.72m rule for catching fielders may be relaxed for orthodox slip, gully and leg-slip positions.
13. The umpire at the striker's end shall monitor the position of the fielders and should any of the above conditions not be observed, either umpire shall call and signal No ball.
14. A tie occurs when the scores are level at the conclusion of the game.
15. A WALKOVER shall be awarded to a team whose opposition is unable to raise aside. A side shall comprise no less than seven players.
16. At the conclusion of the season, if the top teams have the same number of points, the following will be the order of precedence for deciding the League Champions:
i. Team with most outright wins.
ii. Team with fewest lost matches.
iii. Team with most bonus points.
17. Should all the above be identical, a play-off match will be arranged. If this is not possible the Championship will be shared.
Sunday league Rules will apply unless specified otherwise.
Entrants and Eligibility
1. a) The top 8 teams from the Sunday League are eligible to enter the Sunday Cup competition. The LCMC may invite other, non-league teams to enter.
b) Teams must submit their player squads in writing to the HKCA before the draw is made for the first round. No transfers or additions will be allowed thereafter without the prior approval of the MDC.
c) All players must have played at least two HKCA matches during the current season.
2. The draw for each round of the Cup will be made by the LCMC Chairman (or his representative) and a minimum of three HKCA members appointed by him. Teams will not be seeded before the draw and its date, time and venue published in advance.
3. All matches except the final will be played on the home ground of the first drawn team, whenever possible.
4. The Sunday Cup will be held on a simple knockout basis. Playing conditions for the Cup will be the same as for the League except that:
a) Intervals will be limited to one, 10-minute drinks break after 25 overs in each innings with a 30-minute lunch break taken between innings.
b) No bowler may bowl more than 10 overs per innings.
c) Matches abandoned as no result will be re-scheduled, if possible. If not, the result may be decided by the toss of a coin.
d) Any expenses incurred during the game are to be shared equally between the teams.
5. a) The team scoring the higher number of runs in the allocated number of overs shall win.
b) In the event of tied scores, the team losing fewer wickets will win.
c) If both teams have scored the same number of runs and have lost the same number of wickets, the winner will be the team with the superior run rate (total runs scored divided by the total number of balls bowled). If still equal, the superior run rate after 20 overs (and, if necessary, 10 overs) will decide the winner.
All HKCA members, players and officials agree to take positive steps to maintain the high reputation of cricket and of the Hong Kong Cricket Association. Players must approach the game with a determined, winning attitude, i.e. play hard but maintain control.
1. Everyone on the field shall ensure that the match is conducted within the Laws of Cricket and the Spirit of the Game.
2. No player shall fail to comply with the instructions of an umpire, criticise his decision by word or action, show dissent or generally behave in a manner, on or off the field, which may cause embarrassment to an umpire or to the HKCA.
3. Every player selected to represent Hong Kong or the HKCA shall follow the instructions of the Team Manager and Coach and, while at a tournament, the directions of the tournament controller.
4. If a player is in serious breach of this Code or is deemed to have indulged in alcohol or drug abuse, he may be suspended and/or expelled from the tournament by the Team Manager (if overseas) or MDC.
5. Any player guilty of unacceptable behaviour is to be reported to the Match & Disciplinary Committee.
6. Examples of unacceptable behaviour:
ANY BREACH OF THIS CODE IS LIABLE TO ACTION BY THE MATCH & DISCIPLINARY COMMITTEE AND MAY RESULT IN SUSPENSION OR TERMINATION OF HKCA MEMBERSHIP


text:
Ohio did not make it a law to keep birth records until 1867.
Ohio made it a law to record births in 1867. County probate courts kept birth records between 1867 and December 19, 1908. There is no statewide index to birth records from 1867 through December 19, 1908. Births were recorded in a log book. Birth certificates were not created until 1908.
Special Collections and Archives has the birth records for the following counties:
The state of Ohio began issuing certificates for births on December 20, 1908. The Ohio Department of Health holds birth certificates for the state of Ohio from December 20, 1908 to the present. Researchers should contact the Ohio Department of Health.
3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, Ohio 45435. Phone: _PHONE_


Reciprocity law
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the reciprocity law in photography, see Reciprocity (photography).
In mathematics, a reciprocity law is a generalization of the law of quadratic reciprocity.
There are several different ways to express reciprocity laws. The early reciprocity laws found in the 19th century were usually expressed in terms of a power residue symbol (p/q) generalizing the quadratic reciprocity symbol, that describes when a prime number is an nth power residue modulo another prime, and gave a relation between (p/q) and (q/p). Hilbert reformulated the reciprocity laws as saying that a product over p of Hilbert norm residue symbols (a,b/p), taking values in roots of unity, is equal to 1. Artin reformulated the reciprocity laws as a statement that the Artin symbol from ideals (or ideles) to elements of a Galois group is trivial on a certain subgroup. Several more recent generalizations express reciprocity laws using cohomology of groups or representations of adelic groups or algebraic K-groups, and their relationship with the original quadratic reciprocity law can be hard to see.
Quadratic reciprocity[edit]
Main article: quadratic reciprocity
In terms of the Legendre symbol, the law of quadratic reciprocity for positive odd primes states
Cubic reciprocity[edit]
Main article: cubic reciprocity
The law of cubic reciprocity for Eisenstein integers states that if α and β are primary (primes congruent to 2 mod 3) then
Quartic reciprocity[edit]
Main article: quartic reciprocity
In terms of the quartic residue symbol, the law of quartic reciprocity for Gaussian integers states that if π and θ are primary (congruent to 1 mod (1+i)3) Gaussian primes then
Octic reciprocity[edit]
Main article: Octic reciprocity
Eisenstein reciprocity[edit]
Suppose that ζ is an th root of unity for some odd prime. The power character is the power of ζ such that
for any prime ideal of Z[ζ]. It is extended to other ideals by multiplicativity. The Eisenstein reciprocity law states that
for a any rational integer coprime to and α any element of Z[ζ] that is coprime to a and and congruent to a rational integer modulo (1–ζ)2.
Kummer reciprocity[edit]
Suppose that ζ is an lth root of unity for some odd regular prime l. Since l is regular, we can extend the symbol {} to ideals in a unique way such that
where n is some integer prime to l such that pn is principal.
The Kummer reciprocity law states that
for p and q any distinct prime ideals of Z[ζ] other than (1–ζ).
Hilbert reciprocity[edit]
Main article: Hilbert symbol
In terms of the Hilbert symbol, Hilbert's reciprocity law for an algebraic number field states that
where the product is over all finite and infinite places. Over the rational numbers this is equivalent to the law of quadratic reciprocity. To see this take a and b to be distinct odd primes. Then Hilbert's law becomes But (p,q)p is equal to the Legendre symbol, (p,q) is 1 if one of p and q is positive and –1 otherwise, and (p,q)2 is (–1)(p–1)(q–1)/4. So for p and q positive odd primes Hilbert's law is the law of quadratic reciprocity.
Artin reciprocity[edit]
Main article: Artin reciprocity law
In the language of ideles, the Artin reciprocity law for a finite extension L/K states that the Artin map from the idele class group CK to the abelianization Gal(L/K)ab of the Galois group vanishes on NL/K(CL), and induces an isomorphism
Although it is not immediately obvious, the Artin reciprocity law easily implies all the previously discovered reciprocity laws, by applying it to suitable extensions L/K. For example, in the special case when K contains the nth roots of unity and L=K[a1/n] is a Kummer extension of K, the fact that the Artin map vanishes on NL/K(CL) implies Hilbert's reciprocity law for the Hilbert symbol.
Local reciprocity[edit]
Hasse introduced a local analogue of the Artin reciprocity law, called the local reciprocity law. One form of it states that for a finite abelian extension of L/K of local fields, the Artin map is an isomorphism from onto the Galois group.
Explicit reciprocity laws[edit]
In order to get a classical style reciprocity law from the Hilbert reciprocity law Π(a,b)p=1, one needs to know the values of (a,b)p for p dividing n. Explicit formulas for this are sometimes called explicit reciprocity laws.
Power reciprocity laws[edit]
Main article: Power reciprocity law
A power reciprocity law may be formulated as an analogue of the law of quadratic reciprocity in terms of the Hilbert symbols as[1]
Rational reciprocity laws[edit]
A rational reciprocity law is one stated in terms of rational integers without the use of roots of unity.
Scholz's reciprocity law[edit]
Shimura reciprocity[edit]
Weil reciprocity law[edit]
Main article: Weil reciprocity law
Langlands reciprocity[edit]
The Langlands program includes several conjectures for general reductive algebraic groups, which for the special of the group GL1 imply the Artin reciprocity law.
Yamamoto's reciprocity law[edit]
Yamamoto's reciprocity law is a reciprocity law related to class numbers of quadratic number fields.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Neukirch (1999) p.415


text:
Cathleen McCluskey, _PHONE_, _EMAIL_
New Resource for Organic Tomato Seed Growers
A webinar will cover the basics on April 20th at 12pm Pacific Time
Port Townsend, WA – Organic Seed Alliance (OSA) and partners of the Tomato Organic Management and Improvement Project (TOMI) announced today two new tools to help growers produce tomato seed using organic practices.
The new Tomato Seed Production Guide, and an accompanying webinar on April 20th, Growing Organic Tomato Seed: A How-To Virtual Training, provide practical information for growers interested in producing high-quality tomato seed for their own farm or to sell commercially. These resources are applicable to growers of all scales.
According to U.S. Department of Agriculture data, tomatoes are the fourth largest organic vegetable crop by sales, demonstrating the popularity of this iconic summer crop. Organic growers are required to use organic seed unless commercially unavailable, which means as demand for organic food grows, so too does demand for organic seed to help growers meet this regulatory requirement. About half of certified organic tomato growers responding to a recent survey are using all organic seed, according to OSA's own data.
The Tomato Seed Production Guide offers readers a comprehensive resource for growing organic tomato seed from start to finish, beginning with the history of tomatoes, the various types and fruit colors, as well as the lifecycle and biology. The guide outlines climatic requirements and how to select for desired traits, which includes recommendations for isolation distances to maintain genetics and population sizes. The guide also serves as a go-to resource for learning about seedborne diseases of tomato seed crops, including bacterial, fungal, and viral diseases, and methods for treating them.
In addition to providing guidance on production practices, the guide gives advice on harvesting techniques, cleaning methods, and how to store seed to keep it viable.
The April 20th webinar will take place from 12:00 – 1:00 pm Pacific Time. Participation is free but pre-registration is required at the link below. TOMI partners Laurie McKenzie and Jared Zystro from OSA, and Plant Pathologist Dan Egel from Purdue University, will provide a summary of recommendations in the guide – including tomato biology, climatic requirements, genetic maintenance, disease management, and how to harvest, clean, and store tomato seed – while answering questions from participants.
Webinar: Growing Organic Tomato Seed: A How-to Virtual Training
When: April 20th from 12:00 – 1:00 pm Pacific Time
New publication: Tomato Seed Production Guide
Free download at: _URL_
About Organic Seed Alliance: Organic Seed Alliance advances the ethical development and stewardship of the genetic resources of agricultural seed. Each year we educate thousands of farmers and other agricultural community members, conduct professional organic plant breeding and seed production research, and advocate for national policies that strengthen organic seed systems. Learn more at _URL_.
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text:
A buzzword is a term which is ultimately meaningless, but is used to evoke a particular emotional response in the listener, or to falsely convey an impression that the speaker is knowledgable about their subject. Many buzzwords are neologisms. Many are political in nature.
Examples of buzzwords include:
- Words redefined to promote political correctness, such as diversity and rainbow
- Terms common to postmodernism, critical theory, and leftist academia, such as "social construct", "narrative" (when used to denigrate accepted history as a mere "narrative" rather than established fact), "framing", etc.
- Politically loaded terms in general, such as "oppression" and "empowerment". These may be related to identity politics.
- Terms used by promoters of pop psychology, some of which has a basis in either the New Age movement or other non-Christian cults. These buzzwords have been criticized as psychobabble by critics.
- Marketing and advertising buzzwords.
- Business buzzwords, such as "diversity hiring", "global", and "best practices"
- Buzzwords are commonly found in futurism and Internet advocacy, where such neologisms as "information superhighway", "networking", "synergy", paradigm, meme and so forth are common.
In 1996, Al Gore's liberal use of buzzwords in his speeches became the target of a humorous prank by students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who distributed a "buzzword bingo" sheet containing Gore's most-used buzzwords in the form of a bingo card, which MIT students would mark upon Gore's use of each buzzword until 5 in a row were marked.
Gore's current favorite buzzword is "unified national smart grid", which he promotes in conjunction with his catastrophic global warming prophecies.


text: This paper presents an optimal control method for the prediction of parallel centrifugal variable frequency pump performance in any conditions to maximize the total efficiency of the pump system, thereby minimizing energy consumption. First, a theoretical model of parallel water pumping set was established, after which the shaft power model was setup specifically for the off-rating conditions. By combining the typical polynomial fitting method of the efficiency and the shaft power model we brought up, a new optimized control method was proposed. Using this method, the complex optimization task was solved with the optimal control of the operating number selection and speed ratios for parallel variable speed pumps based on the decision-making. The proposed method was subsequently applied to the pumping set of the water-cooling system in High Magnetic Field Facility. The practical testing results of the proposed method showed its superiority over both the primitive and the previous optimal methods, by considerably lowering the power consumption and accurately calculating the performance parameters in any conditions. The method has universality and simplicity for online implementation, which provides a reference for the control methods of parallel centrifugal pumps in variable flow systems with a differential pressure control strategy.


Urban tourism
Urban tourism is not just about attracting visitors, increasingly it is about managing flows of tourists. Many city destinations pursue active policies to limit the number of visitors and their impact on quality of life in the city. However, for many tourists are also a source of revenue, leading to urban challenges.
Managing impacts
Famous cities and established tourism regions profit from growing foreign and domestic tourism, but also experience negative impacts. Cases such as Venice, Barcelona and Amsterdam show that strong visitor flows can have negative impacts on local quality of life. This leads to a trend of managing tourism, instead of tourism promotion.
Addressing all urbanites
Erasmus UPTs experts consult and research many questions of urban tourism. We offer a unique data-driven perspective on tourism development, where we measure economics, social and environmental impacts of tourism.
Actual questions our experts are working on: What is the impact of Airbnb on local quality of life? Do short term rental services increase local house prices? How is social cohesion in cities affected by tourism? How to address crowding due to over tourism?
Thorough and fact-based
By combining data research and strategy building, we can help cities and marketing organisations, as well as tourism policy makers, make better decisions. And thereby help economies and citizens thrive.
Relevant projects
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 Anna Bornioli, senior researcher Erasmus UPT
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text:
gloss over the squares. To do this, follow these steps:
Create a rectangle by using the Rectangular Tool. Press R to select it. Draw a line intersecting all the squares in half. Make the height go as far as almost touching the text above it. An example of this is below.
The rectangle is in grey in my picture (zoomed in), but this is only to show you where to put it. In your image, make it white.
Next convert your rectangle to a â€™graphicâ€™. If you do not remember how to get the convert to box up press F8.
Click inside your rectangle, choose the color mode as â€™Alphaâ€™ and like with the text before drop the opacity down to around 25%.
View the final result below:
Thank you for viewing this tutorial – we hope you liked it
Copyrigh @ EvenICouldDoIt 2007


text:
On December 14, 2023, the SEC published its review ("Review") of the accredited investor definition. Section 413(b)(2)(A) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act requires the SEC to review the accredited investor definition, in its entirety, as it pertains to natural persons, at least once every four years to determine whether the requirements of the definition should be adjusted or modified for the protection of investors, in the public interest, and in light of the economy. The Review does not contain any recommendations or proposals to change the accredited investor definition. Rather, the Review is a detailed consideration of whether the accredited investor definition is an accurate measure of the extent to which accredited investors have the financial sophistication and ability to sustain the risk of loss of investment, and access to information to "fend for themselves." This eUpdate highlights certain notable points from the Review.
Composition of the Accredited Investor Pool
According to the Review, the SEC estimates that the percentage of U.S. households that qualify as accredited investors has grown steadily in the four decades since the definition was adopted, from 1.8% of households in 1983 to more than 18% of households in 2022. This appears to be largely due to the fact that the natural person accredited investor thresholds have not been adjusted to reflect inflation. If the natural person accredited investor thresholds were adjusted to reflect inflation since their initial adoption through 2022 using the Consumer Price Index, the net worth threshold would increase from $1 million to $3,037,840, the individual income threshold would increase from $200,000 to $607,568, and the joint income threshold would increase from $300,000 to $911,352. The number of individuals who qualify as accredited investors has likely also increased as a result of the SEC's 2020 amendments to include as accredited investors individuals holding in good standing certain professional certifications or designations, as well as knowledgeable employees of certain private funds. Further, the Review noted that a significant percentage of investors' assets, for purposes of determining accreditation, are retirement savings, which was not the case when Regulation D of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 was adopted in 1982.
History of Suggestions to Revise the Accredited Investor Definition and Conclusion
The Review goes on to summarize the proposals and suggestions by the SEC and commenters to revise the accredited investor definition over the years. Many of these suggestions and proposals were focused on the financial thresholds of the definition, such as adjustments to the thresholds to account for inflation. The SEC concluded the Review by soliciting the public's views and feedback on the matters discussed in the Review.
While the Review does not contain any suggestions or proposals to change the accredited investor definition, it clearly expresses a concern that the financial thresholds of the accredited investor definition, which have not been adjusted in the four decades since the definition was adopted, may not be an accurate proxy for an investor's financial sophistication, and ability to sustain the risk of loss of investment and fend for themselves. Dorsey will continue to monitor and report on any developments by the SEC to change the accredited investor definition.
 "Review of the "Accredited Investor" Definition under the Dodd-Frank Act" (December 14, 2023) available at _URL_
 The SEC estimates that 31% of households would qualify as accredited investors by 2032 using the Consumer Price Index if the thresholds are not adjusted for inflation going forward.


text:
Dissolved Oxygen Improvement by Hydroelectric Turbine Aspirationby Donald C. Raney, Assoc. Prof.; Univ. of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL,
Terry G. Arnold, (M.ASCE), Asst. Mgr.; Water and Air Resour., Alabama Power Co., Birmingham, AL,
Serial Information: Journal of the Power Division, 1973, Vol. 99, Issue 1, Pg. 139-153
Document Type: Journal Paper
Atmospheric oxygen introduced into the draft tube of a modern low head hydroelectric turbine by a draft tube aspiration system is shown by experimental data to be absorbed with efficiencies higher than previously reported. An analytical model of the turbine aeration system has been developed which yields aeration flow rates that are in good agreement with experimental data. A unique feature of the turbine aeration system is the application of wedge shaped deflector plates in the draft tube. The low pressure region created in the wake of the deflector plate is used to induce an aspirated air flow into the draft tube. By this procedure, appreciable air flow rates may be obtained at most efficient gate openings even for machines where the turbine is set at or below tail water elevation. The increase in dissolved oxygen levels and oxygen absorption efficiencies has been experimentally measured. The loss in turbine efficiency has been obtained from direct measurement of the output and turbine flow rate.
Subject Headings: Turbines | Dissolved oxygen | Hydro power | Air flow | Flow rates | Aeration | Plates | Displacement (mechanics) | Data processing | Oxygen
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 1. Can you please help me on this question about how to generate single signals only? One triangle and one Pulse simultaniusly in order to make only one characteristic curve of a transistor! I've been trying and i only get continuous signals of triangles and pulses! i need something like this in waveforms and how to do it in python using the sdk! What instruction is it actually in the sdk refference manual? Please your answer will be valuable! _USER_
 2. Hello, i have a question on how do i generate one positive triangle pulse only, without repetition? And also how to generate on pulse only without repetition? In order to make only one charactiristic curve on a transistor!
 3. Hello, i need some help to generate I-V characteristics of a BJT transistor! I found this curve tracer written in python online: _URL_ I am reading the signal by the scope of the GUI and when i click the "Ic vs Vce" Button it doesnt seem to make any curve! It reads only a triangle signal and i need to make it DC signal in order to make the characteristic curves! But im having a hard time finding it in the cod
 4. Ok thank you! That was VERY helpful. But now if i want to use the scope to measure a voltage drop in a resistor, how to get the result of it and express on a plot everything? (vds, vgs, and Id) The Id i think is an equation to transform the voltage drop. But how to measure with the scope and use the plot to make the charactiristic curve?
 5. Hello, i need help with using the script in "WaveForms". I dont know much about java script but i need to make a gui to put my data in there and to get the characteristic curves of a transistor! Im planning to give Vgs and Vds and measure with the scope the voltage off a resistor near the drain to calculate the Id. Then i will need to have as an output the charactiristic curve of the result. My questions are: 1) How to make tha user input in the gui the value of the channel in the wavegen? 2) How to make the gui bigger, to have many buttons and options? (ex. Set Vgs:, Set Vds:


text:
All planetary materials sampled thus far vary in their relative abundance of the major isotope of oxygen, 16O, such that it has not been possible to define a primordial solar system composition. We measured the oxygen isotopic composition of solar wind captured and returned to Earth by NASA's Genesis mission. Our results demonstrate that the Sun is highly enriched in 16O relative to the Earth, Moon, Mars, and bulk meteorites. Because the solar photosphere preserves the average isotopic composition of the solar system for elements heavier than lithium, we conclude that essentially all rocky materials in the inner solar system were enriched in 17O and 18O, relative to 16O, by ∼7%, probably via non-mass-dependent chemistry before accretion of the first planetesimals.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Number of pages||5|
|State||Published - Jun 24 2011|
ASJC Scopus subject areas


text:
sticky cards known as glue boards (shown right). Often used to capture mice and cockroaches, the devices can be purchased at grocery or hardware stores. The best glue traps for capturing brown recluse spiders are flat, like thin pieces of sticky cardboard, without a raised perimeter edge.
The more glue traps used the better -- dozens placed throughout a home will reveal "hot spots" where spiders are most abundant. Traps should be placed in corners and along wall-floor junctures, especially behind furniture and clutter since spiders tend to travel in these areas. Besides being useful for detection, glue traps can capture and kill large numbers of spiders, especially the males, which are more likely to wander into places where people are accidentally bitten. Ongoing eradication efforts can be judged by the number of new spiders collected in traps. Glue traps should be installed before insecticide treatments, as some products will cause spiders to relocate and wander into traps.
Insecticides - Brown recluse infestations will usually warrant the use of insecticides. Some spiders will not be caught in glue traps, especially the adult egg-laying females, which stay hidden more so than male spiders. Insecticides should be applied into cracks, voids, and other areas where spiders are likely to be hiding, attempting to contact as many as possible. Spray, dust and aerosol formulations may be employed. Dust insecticides are particularly effective for treating cracks, such as under baseboards and along sill plates in basements and crawl spaces. Dusts also work well when treating under insulation, within voids of hollow block foundations, and behind light switch and outlet plates to contact spiders traveling along wires from attics. Typical dust insecticides include silica gel (two professional brands are Drione and Tri-Die) and deltamethrin (DeltaDust).
Insecticide sprays can also be effective applied into harborages and along floor/wall junctures, edges of suspended ceilings, and other places where spiders tend to travel. Better spray ingredients include cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, deltamethrin and lambda cyhalothrin, which are contained in such professional insecticide brands as Demon, Tempo, Talstar, Suspend, and Demand. Consumer versions containing similar ingredients include Bayer Advanced Multi-Insect Killer, Spectracide Triazicide, and Ortho Home Defense Max. "Bug bombs" and total-release foggers are seldom effective against these spiders, and should only be considered when treating otherwise inaccessible areas. Treatments can also be made outdoors to help reduce spider entry. Cracks in exterior walls can be treated, and sprays can be applied along the base of foundations and likely entry points with one of the above-mentioned insecticides.
As treatments are being implemented, precautions can be taken to lessen the chance of being bitten. Beds should be moved away from walls, drapes and other furnishings, and skirts and bedspreads removed to break contact with the floor. Shoes and clothing should also be kept off floors, or at least shaken well before wearing. Remove excess clutter and store seldom-used items in plastic storage containers. There may be comfort in knowing that bites are a rare occurrence, even in homes where brown recluses are abundant.
Read more about Brown Recluse Spiders at the Kentucky Critter Files.
CAUTION! Pesticide recommendations in this publication are registered for use in Kentucky, USA ONLY! The use of some products may not be legal in your state or country. Please check with your local county agent or regulatory official before using any pesticide mentioned in this publication.
Of course, ALWAYS READ AND FOLLOW LABEL DIRECTIONS FOR SAFE USE OF ANY PESTICIDE!


Optimizing Web Performance: Understanding Waterfall Charts
Waterfall charts are diagrams which represent how website resources are being downloaded, parsed by the engine, in a timeline that gives us the opportunity to see the sequence and dependencies between resources. It assists in identifying where important events happened during the loading process. They can also let the user easily see how good or bad the performance of their website is, showing you exactly what is slowing down your site.
Waterfall charts within the Dotcom-Monitor platform can help users identify where important events happened during the page load process. Waterfall charts let us see a cascade effect over several tasks, and in the matter of a few seconds, the user can see how bad/good the performance of the website is, such as how many resources are blocking parallel downloads or how many rows exist. The user has the summary on the device, with descriptive visualizations of device statistics on pie charts. Users can also watch the actual URL loading video in the browser window.
The screenshot below is a sample of a waterfall chart of amazon.com to introduce what waterfall charts look like. As you can see, there are a lot of different elements that come into play during page's load time. Some of those factors include the following:
 - URL
 - Test Location
 - Browser (Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, mobile browsers etc…)
 - Connection
 - Number of Tests
 - Repeat View
waterfall chart_amazon
Elements Used in Waterfall Charts
Interactive Slider: The Interactive Slider is an indicator of the performance of each element in terms of milliseconds. In the image below, it is pointed at with the arrow. The user can drag the interactive slider to see which element is being loaded, and in what point in time. In this screenshot, you can see the highlighted elements are being loaded in the 531st millisecond.
Interactive Slider
Load Time Grid: The highlighted area below is called Load Time Grid. It shows how much time it takes to load for each element.
Load Time Grid
Element List: The elements exist in the web page is shown in the Element List. The element's extension can be HTML, CSS, GIF, etc.
Element List
Element Performance: A user can reach the information of the performance of each element that exists in waterfall chart.
Element Performance
When the user clicks on the specific element button, they are welcomed by a performance page, shown below.
Performance PageBy analyzing the performance page, the user has a deeper knowledge about the response details. They can select the desired are and release mouse button to display details. The user can also observe the performance issues by paying attention to the red marked area, which means there is a performance down period.
Load Time Details For Individual Elements: In the waterfall chart, when the user moves their cursor on a specific bar, he is shown a load time details which are DnsTime, ConnectTime, SSLTime, RequestTime, FirstByteTime, ResponseTime, StartTime, EndTime, Speed which is pointed in a red oval.
Load Time Details
Explanation of Color Coding: Within in Dotcom Monitor platform, representation of load time details are defined by the following colors:
Color Coding
Navigation Timings: They can be shown as a column in the waterfall chart to show the Navigation Start, Redirect Start, Redirect End, Fetch Start, Domain Lookup Start, Domain Lookup End, Connect Start, Secure Connection Start, Connect End, Request Start, Response Start, Response End, Unload Event Start, Unload Event End, DOM Loading, DOM Interactive, DOM Content Loaded Event Start, DOM Content Loaded Event End, DOM Complete, Load Event Start, and Load Event End with color coding (shown below within the red oval).
Navigation Timings
It's important to mention that within the Dotcom Monitor platform there is a feature that a user can watch the actual URL loading video in the browser window (shown below).
Load Video Capture
Optimizing Web Performance by Understanding Waterfall Charts
Performance and speed of a web site plays a tremendous role. If your website isn't fast enough, the user will not wait for it to finish loading. A fast website increases conversion rates and leads you to perform well on search engines. To understand the speed of your website, waterfall diagrams are used. Waterfall charts help you to identify the problem source and are a great way to diagnose what's slowing down your web pages.
In a waterfall chart by looking a size of a file which is more than 1MB may cause your site to slow down. With the help of the timeline in the waterfall chart, the user is able to discover the different phases of resource loading and understand which phases slow their website down. Some of the phases are presented below:
 - Receiving. The time it takes to download files. This is the first phase of the timeline. Large files, such as non-optimized images, delays the download time and absorbs more bandwidth, causing a delay on the website. The solution for this specific problem is that the user should optimize media by reducing the size of the images without lowering their quality. To boost the bandwidth availability, the user should keep the images on a cloud server.
 - Waiting time. The time captured by the server to produce a response. If the waiting time is too much, it may mean an overloaded network server or there may be an inefficient code, which must be fixed by software developers by finding the bugs and correcting the code. Moreover, caching utility may decrease the waiting time. In that case, the user should shift from shared hosting to dedicated hosting.
 - Queued request. Consists convenient connections HTTP/HTTP2, HTTP authentication, execution of CSS or JavaScript, SSL connect time, is an important phase of the timeline.
 - DNS lookup. Consists the time for the DNS to resolve and gives the user a big clue what is slowing down the website. In general, most of the scripts are slowing the websites down due to DNS lookup.
When the user identifies the issues that are slowing down their web page with the help of waterfall charts, they can begin to come up with a solution to the problem. Some of the problems and their solutions are represented below.
IssueSolution
Page tracking link
Uninstall or remove the tracking tool that is in use
Slow DNS lookupThe user may use a CDN
Slow server endSend an email to your service provider.
Error due to pluginsThe user may uninstall the plugins.
Unused/bulky theme customizationThe user may hire a web developer
Even abeginner user can quickly understand the specific reasons that are slowing their website down by observing the waterfall charts. For example, long bars means the related element takes too much time to load, red text means an error fetching data, and long gaps between bars means times when there are no requests.
How to Make Websites Load Faster
By using waterfall charts, we can create a great user experience by making a web page load faster.
Decrease the Width of the Waterfall
Website performance can be improved by reducing the amount of time it takes to download the resources which leads reduce the width of the waterfall chart.
If there are long purple bars in the waterfall chart. Purple means time spent performing an SSL/TLS negotiation. In case a user faces with purple continuously, it means the website is not optimized for TLS. The user must optimize TLS performance.
If there's a lot of orange in the waterfall chart. Orange means the initial TCP connection made for your website. Only 2-6 requests to a specific hostname should create a TCP connection. After 2-6 requests, the existing connections are reused. When a user is faced with a lot of orange, they must understand that the website does not use persistent connections. When persistent connection is made, the width of every request will be half since the web browser is not going to make new connections with every request.
If there are long blue bars in the waterfall chart. Blue color means time spent downloading the response. If there is a long blue bar, there's a strong likelihood it's because the resource is too large. Reducing the file size of the file can help solve the problem. A user can decrease the size by image optimization or HTTP compression.
If there is too much green the waterfall chart. The green color means the browser is waiting to get content. To reduce the green, the user should move the static content to a CDN.
Decrease the Height of the Waterfall Chart
Website speed can be improved by decreasing the number of requests the browser needs to perform to load the web page, which leads to decreasing the height of the waterfall. The user must review all their content within each page and decide if they really need it at all.
If there are too many JavaScript/CSS files that are less than 2kb. The user must involve the contents of those files directly in the HTML via inline, , or
tags.
If there are too many JavaScript/CSS files in the waterfall chart. The user must combine them with CMS plugin or as part of a build process. This action will decrease the number of requests made, increase page speed.
If there are too many 302 redirects. Yellow rows mean redirects, which mean links on the page are mistakenly made or outdated, which create unnecessary redirects that increase the height of the waterfall. The solution is to replace those links with direct links.
Increase Render Time
To improve rendering time, the user should optimize the ordering of resource requests, which moves the green Start Render line to the left.
If there are too many requests for separate CSS files. Before browsers start rendering the page, they wait until all the CSS is downloaded


text:
Parallelizing Computation of Expected Values in Recombinant Binomial Trees
MetadataShow full item record
Type of Work18 pages
journal article pre-print
Citation of Original PublicationSai K. Popuri, Andrew M. Raim, Nagaraj K. Neerchal & Matthias K. Gobbert (2018) Parallelizing computation of expected values in recombinant binomial trees, Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 88:4, 657-674, DOI: 10.1080/00949655.2017._PHONE_
RightsThis item may be protected under Title 17 of the U.S. Copyright Law. It is made available by UMBC for non-commercial research and education. For permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the author.
Public Domain Mark 1.0
Monte Carlo estimation
High Performance Computing Facilty (HPCF)
Recombinant binomial trees are binary trees where each non-leaf node has two child nodes, but adjacent parents share a common child node. Such trees arise in option pricing in finance. For example, an option can be valued by evaluating the expected payoffs with respect to random paths in the tree. The cost to exactly compute expected values over random paths grows exponentially in the depth of the tree, rendering a serial computation of one branch at a time impractical. We propose a parallelization method that transforms the calculation of the expected value into an embarrassingly parallel problem by mapping the branches of the binomial tree to the processes in a multiprocessor computing environment. We also discuss a parallel Monte Carlo method and verify the convergence and the variance reduction behavior by simulation study. Performance results from R and Julia implementations are compared on a distributed computing cluster.
The following license files are associated with this item:
- Creative Commons


text:
Each message can have various labels assigned to it as a means of classification. Each label has a name; different names are different labels. Any given label is either present or absent on a particular message. A few label names have standard meanings and are given to messages automatically by Rmail when appropriate; these special labels are called attributes. (See Rmail Attributes.) All other labels are assigned only by users.
The a (
rmail-add-label) and k
rmail-kill-label) commands allow you to assign or remove any
label on the current message. If the label argument is empty, it
means to assign or remove the same label most recently assigned or
Once you have given messages labels to classify them as you wish, there are three ways to use the labels: in moving, in summaries, and in sorting.
C-M-n labels
rmail-next-labeled-message) moves to the next message that has
one of the labels labels. The argument labels specifies
one or more label names, separated by commas. C-M-p
rmail-previous-labeled-message) is similar, but moves
backwards to previous messages. A numeric argument to either command
serves as a repeat count.
The command C-M-l labels
rmail-summary-by-labels) displays a summary containing only the
messages that have at least one of a specified set of labels. The
argument labels is one or more label names, separated by commas.
See Rmail Summary, for information on summaries.
If the labels argument to C-M-n, C-M-p or C-M-l is empty, it means to use the last set of labels specified for any of these commands.
See Rmail Sorting, for information on sorting messages with labels.


text:
Your Gregory pack is designed to provide you with many years of enjoyable use. It is important that you take the following steps:
- Using a mild soap (never use detergents or solvents) and a damp sponge, wipe out the inside and outside of the pack bag. Be sure to completely air dry the pack with all zippers open prior to storing.
- Stubborn stains may require scrubbing with a soft bristle nylon brush. However, please note that excessive cleaning may damage the protective coatings provided by the manufacturer and is NOT recommended.
- Never put your pack in the dryer as the heat may damage the manufacturers protective coatings. You should also keep it out of direct sunlight and away from direct heat sources (the oven, a radiator, etc) when storing your pack.
- The use of solvents and dryers may damage your pack.
- Always store your pack in a cool, dry place.


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What are the methods to insert data in the SQLite table?
There are two ways to insert data in an SQLite table:
1. INSERT INTO TABLE_NAME [(column1, column2, column3,...columnN)] VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...valueN);
2. INSERT INTO TABLE_NAME VALUES (value1,value2,value3,...valueN);
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