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While rebuilding index have used option 'SORT_IN_TEMPDB = ON' in order to avoid unnecessary growing your user database files.
What does it exactly means?
Is complete process done on TempDB and does not grow mdf/ldf file size?
For example before reindex (database is in simple recovery mode), the largest index size in the database is 25GB
 -.mdf size (100GB allocated and used --> no freespace)
 -.ldf size (20GB)
 - TempDB has 200GB freespace
What will be the approximate size for.mdf &.ldf files. Are they grow or not?
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2 Answers 2
up vote 6 down vote accepted
This option only controls where intermediate sort space (not the index itself) is allocated from. See here for a more in-depth description of how tempdb is used when indexes are created.
You still need enough free space in the data file(s) to accomodate a second copy of the index, because SQL Server must lay down the new index before dropping the old one (it doesn't overwrite in-place).
The amount of space needed in the log file depends on the recovery model of the database. Check out this blog post for a comparison between FULL and BULK_LOGGED recovery models (SIMPLE would be the same as BULK_LOGGED -- in other words, minimally logged).
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When you rebuild an index the database engine creates what is called an "intermediate sort result." These intermediate results are like chunks that are combined to become your index and creating these chunks requires space. If it can the database engine will actually sort the index in memory; but if not it will store the intermediate results in the destination file group.
Using the SORT_IN_TEMPDB option asks SQL Server to store these intermediate results in TempDb instead of rebuilding them in the source database. When the TempDb resides on a different disk to the source database this can help the performance of the rebuild task and can reduce the performance impact on your database.
A requirement of rebuilding indexes is that you must have sufficient space (wherever you decide to build the index) to hold the largest index in your database: this in your example is 25GB. Which, if you use TempDb you should quite easily have.
As to whether your source database will grow, well I wouldn't rule it out but it won't grow anywhere near to what it would if you rebuilt the indexes within it. If you are concerned about this fact then take a copy of the database and put it in a test environment and try it out - it is the only way to really know for sure.
I hope this helps you.
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About the Project
The City of Abbotsford partnered with the Provincial and Federal governments, through the Building Canada Fund and Transport Canada's Rail Safety Improvement Program, as well as with Southern Railway of British Columbia and Canadian Pacific Railway, to improve traffic congestion and safety as a result of ongoing Highway 11 congestion and railway operations at Vye Road. The subject area extends across the City of Abbotsford and BC Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure ("MOTI") jurisdictions. Key project improvements included:
- The elimination of an at-grade rail crossing intersection for through traffic on Vye Road. This was achieved through a two-lane divided, paved collector road with a 13m wide, 65m long overpass structural crossing, about 8.5m in height, over the Canadian Pacific ("CP") and Southern Railway of British Columbia ("SRY") railways. This road provides unobstructed east-west traffic between Highway 11 and Riverside Road which crosses over 762mm and 1067mm diameter FortisBC Transmission Pipelines that supply a large portion of the Lower Mainland and the Fraser Valley with gas;
- The construction/widening of turn lanes at Highway 11 crossing at Vye Road and 4th Avenue;
- The construction of a 1.3km widening of Highway 11 to extend the centre NEXUS lane from about 300m south of Vye Road to the USA border;
- Safety improvements and the widening of 4th Avenue eastbound lane extending between the at-grade railway crossing to the west of Highway 11. The safety improvements consisted of the construction of concrete curbs and medians, and the installation of various traffic signs and light posts; and,
- The upgrade of various underground utilities including water, sewer and storm mains.
The project was awarded in early 2021 as a Design-Build Project to Eurovia BC who retained EXP Services Inc. ("EXP") for geotechnical, material testing and environmental consulting services.
The major engineering challenges included design elements that addressed high to moderately compressible soils, remediation and management of contaminated soils, groundwater, surface water run-off and waste discharges from neighbouring industrial properties. Ground improvement through surcharge and preload combined with the use of expanded polystyrene foam (light weight fill) was used to limit post-construction settlement of the 8.5m high overpass embankments. Environmental challenges included researching and selecting various commercially available liners with resistance to the chemicals in soil, groundwater, surface water and soil-vapour to determine the most protective and durable liner for the embankment (8.5 m high) comprising of EPS blocks. EXP's team researched various environmental liners which would provide maximum protection for the EPS over the lifetime of the structure. During project construction, archaeological finds shut down the project for an extended period of time along with a flood in the project area in 2021 due to heavy rainfall and water levels in the Sumas River that breached the dyke system. Civil, Geotechnical, Material and Environmental engineers during and after the shutdown ensured that the project design challenges including challenging site conditions were overcome by showing exceptional teamwork and coordination. Engineering design and construction services were provided with a focus on design excellence, exceptional service and timeliness.
The geotechnical and environmental design along with material testing services provided by EXP met the project requirements of both MOTI, City of Abbotsford and Eurovia. The EPS embankment was wrapped successfully with an environmental liner protective of current and future spills of chemicals and adverse site conditions. The enhanced quality and durability requirements of the stakeholders were met and resulted in a significant contribution to the infrastructure improvements in the area.
Environmental – Biological
BA Blacktop Infrastructure
Project Team (Consultants)
Sources Archaeological and Heritage Consultants
McElhanney Engineering Consulting Services Ltd
DMD & Associates Electrical Consultants Ltd.
Project Team (Contractors)
Western Tank and Lining Ltd.
Airfoam Industries Ltd.
Green Acres Ventures Ltd.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Carbon dioxide (CO2) transmission rate through films and sheeting
This measurement determines the transmission rate of carbon dioxide (CO2) through a single or multi-layered plastic film or sheeting with an infrared detector.
The measurement is performed with two parallel specimens. The testing temperature is 23°C, and the relative humidity is 0% RH.
More information about the method family:Oxygen transmission rate (OTR)
- Suitable sample matrices
- Single or multi-layered plastic films, sheeting materials
- Minimum sample amount
- DIN A4
- Typical turnaround time
- 4 weeks after receiving the samples
- Detection limit
- 1 to 98 280 cm3 / m2 / day
- Quality system
- Accredited testing laboratory
- Device types


THE North Yorkshire-built home of Captain James Cook has been vandalised by Australia Day protestors.
The cottage was originally built in 1755 in Great Ayton by Captain Cook's parents but was dismantled and transported to Melbourne in 1934 where it has become a museum and tourist attraction in the city's Fitzroy Gardens.
Australia Day is celebrated as the day, in 1788, that Cook landed on the country's east coast - but is known among some indigenous people and their supporters as "Invasion Day" because the British colonists who followed Cook claimed Australian land without a treaty.
The words "26th Jan Australia's shame" have been spray-painted across on the building.
Captain Cook was born in Marton, Middlesbrough, on October 27, 1728, and grew up in Great Ayton before becoming one of the most famous maritime explorers of the 18th Century.


Asked by: Farida Meireles
asked in category: General Last Updated: 26th April, 2020
How do you remove epoxy stone?
Use a shovel to remove the loosened epoxyand gravel from the concrete deck surface. Switch to a floorscraper to remove the gravel sections still stuck to theconcrete. Repeat the spray and removal process if only onelayer of the coating comes up.
Click to see full answer.
In this way, how do you remove epoxy from skin?
Removing Epoxy Adhesive on Skin
 1. Vinegar. You can use vinegar to remove cured epoxy adhesivefrom your skin.
 2. Acetone. Acetone is another simple, yet effective,solution.
 3. Citrus-Based Waterless Hand Cleaner. If you can find one, acitrus-based waterless hand cleaner can also do the job of removingfresh epoxy on your skin.
Also, how do you remove epoxy from tile? How to Remove Epoxy Residue From Ceramic Tile
 1. Heat the epoxy you want to remove with a heat gun on itshighest setting.
 2. Apply heat until the epoxy appears to soften, at least 30 to 60seconds.
 3. Immediately after heating the area, scrape broken-down epoxywith a plastic scraper.
 4. Clean the surface with an all-purpose tile cleaner.
Also to know, can you remove epoxy flooring?
To Remove Epoxy Flooring from Concrete. Epoxyflooring is different than epoxy paint. More than likelyit was applied by a professional and more than likely itwill need to be removed by one. The best way toremove epoxy flooring from concrete is to grind itaway.
How do you dissolve hardened epoxy?
Method 1 Using Heat to Remove Epoxy
 1. Put on gloves, goggles, and a mask. When heating epoxy, vaporswill be produced that are not friendly to your eyes.
 2. Wear clothes that cover your skin.
 3. Soak the surface in acetone.
 4. Aim a heat gun at the epoxy for several minutes.
 5. Heat small areas at a time.
 6. Scrape off the heated epoxy.
27 Related Question Answers Found
Does rubbing alcohol remove epoxy?
What happens if you get epoxy on your skin?
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Is epoxy dangerous?
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What will dissolve epoxy?
How do you clean an epoxy floor?
How do you remove epoxy from a stainless steel tumbler?


text:
Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Acronyms, Idioms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.
impregnated with seed; propagated; spread: You have sown the seeds of suspicion.
Not to be confused with:
sewn – made, repaired: I have sewn the pieces together.
A past participle of sow1.
a past participle of sow1
v. sowed, sown sowed, sow•ing. v.t.
1. to scatter (seed) over land, earth, etc., for growth; plant.
2. to scatter seed over (land, earth, etc.) for the purpose of growth.
3. to implant, introduce, or promulgate; disseminate: to sow distrust or dissension.
4. to strew or sprinkle with anything.v.i.
5. to sow seed, as for the production of a crop.Idioms:
sow one's wild oats, to have a youthful fling at reckless, indiscreet behavior.
[before 900; Middle English; Old English sāwan, c. Old Saxon sāian, Old High German sā(w)en, Old Norse sā, Gothic saian; akin to seed, Latin sēmen seed, serere to sow]
1. an adult female swine.
2. the adult female of various other animals, as the bear.
a. a large oblong mass of iron that has solidified in the common channel through which the molten metal flows to the smaller channels where the pigs solidify.
b. the common channel itself.
[before 900; Middle English sowe, Old English sugu, c. Old Saxon suga]

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
inputs, perform filtering and de-bouncing, and detect wall console pulses at step 1110. Debouncing inputs can involve ignoring inputs for a period of time (e.g., one second) after power up to avoid false reads to unstable signals. After the debouncing period, a condition can require that the button be released before it can be activated for the first time. This requirement can prevent a button from triggering an operation if it is held down during power up.
 The inputs debounced at step 1110 can be pulse input signals from wall console 32, as mentioned above. For example, depression of the door command button of the wall console 32 can be detected if the value counted on timer 1008C is in a predefined frequency range for a number of interrupts, in which case a flag can be set to indicate that the wall console door button was pressed. This flag can be cleared if the value of timer 1008C does not fall into the range for a larger number of interrupts. This flag can also be cleared once it has been serviced, in which case reset of the flag can be prevented until the number of interrupts occurs in which the button is not pressed. Additionally, depression of the light button on the wall console 32 can be detected if the timer 1008C value lies in another predefined frequency range for the same number of interrupts, in which case a flag can be set to indicate that the wall console light button was pressed. Again, if the timer 1008C value is not in that range for the same number of interrupts, then this flag can be cleared. Also, the depression of vacation lock mode button on the wall console 32 can be detected if the timer 1008C value lies in another predefined frequency range for the same number of interrupts, in which case a flag can be set to indicate that the wall console vacation switch was actuated. As with the other button press flags, if the timer 1008C value is not in that range for the same number of interrupts, then this flag can be cleared. An RF keyless entry pin state of the secondary microcontroller can be received over remote detection line 1044. If this pin is low for a number of interrupts, a flag can be set to indicate that a door button of the remote transmitter 53 was pressed. As with the flags indicating status of wall console button presses, this flag can be cleared if the pin is low for a predefined number of interrupts. As with the wall console door button press flag, the door button press flag on the RF transmitter 53 can also be cleared once it has been serviced, in which case reset of the flag can be prevented until the precise number of interrupts occur in which the pin is seen low.
 With respect to the location of barrier travel, the details of which are subsequently described, this interrupt process at 1108 (FIG. 11) can also update average motor current at step 1112, and check that the optical wheel 1013A (FIG. 22) is moving at step 1114 when the motor is on. At step 1114, the process 1108 can send a failure event if the optical wheel 1013a (FIGS. 10 and 22) has not moved for a period of time that can vary based on drive type and/or operating conditions. At step 1116, the target speed can be updated, and a power fail signal 1013B can be checked at step 1118 to determine whether or not a power fail handling process needs to be executed.
 Referring again to FIG. 10, a dedicated hardware circuit can provide a digital AC power fail signal 1013B that transitions in the event that the AC power ever falls below a predetermined value (e.g., eighty-five volts AC). This signal 1013B is input to both the main microcontroller 1000 and secondary microcontroller 1002 so that they can both monitor the AC line. If the signal 1013B transitions, the software can recognize that a brown-out is occurring. Upon this signal 1013B going active, the microcontrollers can immediately stop the motor if it is in motion. This procedure can include the use of a quick stop signal as described below with reference to FIG. 17, which can cause the motor leads to be directly shorted out, resulting in the motor 1022 stopping more abruptly. Stopping the motor 1022 as soon as possible on power failure makes it possible to accurately recover by preventing the optical wheel 1013A from rotating more than one revolution after the power goes out. The software can perform necessary procedures to recover properly when power is restored. These procedures can include storing all necessary values in the EEPROM 1016, thus ensuring that the position can be recalled again upon the subsequent power-up.
 If an AC power failure signal 1013B is active (i.e., high), then a battery backup unit, if available, can be optionally used and enabled. Otherwise, an active AC power failure signal 1013B can cause the main microprocessor to indicate, via fault signal 1046, that it has ceased operation.
 Referring back to FIG. 11, following step 1120, an adapter task step 1126 can be performed in which the main microcontroller 1000 performs a scan to see if an adapter 1034 (FIG. 10) is installed that allows use of optional wireless accessories 1036. If so, the microcontroller 1000 utilizes a universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART) interface 1032 to communicate with the adapter 1034. This adapter 1034 can enable wireless communication, for example of 915 MHz, with any number of external accessories 1036 with which the processor 30 cannot communicate natively. A connector port such as a serial port, provided in the power head, can be used to supply a connection between the UART interface 1032 and the adapter 1034. Other types of ports can alternatively be used, as appropriate, such as a parallel port or USB port. The accessories 1036 can include, for example, non-standard remote controls, other wall consoles, door status communication devices, setup and calibration modules, lights, security systems, and other desired equipment. A messaging protocol useful for communication between the interface 1032 and the adapter 1034 can implement reception of messages via an interrupt service routine 1144 (FIG. 11), and store received messages at step 1146 in a buffer for processing by the main loop. The adapter task step 1126 can parse any incoming messages and queue appropriate responses to be sent on the next cycle. In some embodiments, all of the incoming messages can be handled before sending any messages to the adapter 1034. When the main microcontroller 1000 sends an establish communications message to the adapter 1034, it can wait for a period of time (e.g., up to two seconds) for the authentication process to be completed. If it is not completed, the main microcontroller 1000 can resend the establish communications message. This attempt to establish communications can continue until an authentication is completed.
 The controller unit 30, and particularly the main controller 1000, can handle many different types of messages. For example, because of the capability of the adapter 1034 to communicate with a wide variety of accessories 1036, messages that can be handled at step 1126 could include, as examples, authentication responses, head reset commands, operator status requests, door operation commands, light operation commands, alarm operation commands, vacation mode commands, learn remote commands, set limits commands, change position commands, existing and new force profile commands, set speed commands, set force commands, raise fault commands, request fault log commands, set LEDs commands, issue diagnostics commands, and/or general acknowledgements.
 The authentication response, head reset commands, and status requests can be handled, for example, as follows. When an authentication response is received, the main microcontroller 1000 can attempt to validate an encrypted number, and can respond with either an acceptance message or an error message. When a head reset command is received, it can be encapsulated in an expansion bus packet and queued for relay to the secondary microcontroller 1002. The secondary microcontroller 1002 can respond by halting for a short period of time, and then resetting itself, which can allow the main microcontroller 1000 time to save any important data before it is reset during the secondary microcontroller's 1002 initialization. An establish communications command can then be sent once the head has re-initialized, while the adapter 1034 can allow enough time for the head to complete the requested reset. When an operator status request is received, a message can be prepared that contains operator status information, and this message can be sent to the adapter 1034.
 The light operation commands, alarm operation commands, vacation mode commands, and learn remote commands can be handled, for example, as follows. When an operate light command or an operate alarm command is received, then a light message or alarm message, respectively, can be queued for communication to the secondary microcontroller 1002, and these messages can contain appropriate parameters to accomplish these operations. When a vacation mode message is received, then a vacation lock can be set or released, depending on the mode received; a lockout message can be queued for communication to the secondary microcontroller 1002 with the appropriate mode indicated. When a learn remote command is received, this message can be encapsulated in an expansion bus packet and queued for delivery to the secondary microcontroller 1002.
 There are various types of learn remote modes that can be handled by the secondary microcontroller 1002. For example, if the mode is a door mode


text:
Trout Condition Factor
By Dick Marquand
Trout anglers and those involved with the management of our trout and salmon fisheries are often heard to use the term "trout condition factor. " What does the term actually mean?
Condition factor is a numerical value given to a trout or salmon that reflects its condition. This value is arrived at by using a mathematical formula that takes into account both the weight and length of the fish. A well-conditioned fish has a high condition factor, while one in poor condition has a low factor.
The condition factor is arrived at by dividing its weight (in grams) by its cubed length (in centimetres
from the tip of its nose to the fork of its tail) and multiplying the result by 3612.8. This may sound
complicated, but in this day and age of pocket calculators, it is very simple and takes little time.
For example, let's take the trout in photo A, a typical good condition Lake Dunstan brownie with a length of 55.5 cm and a weight of 2700 grams.
For those of you who still think of your trout and salmon in pounds and inches, the formula is even
For example, the poor conditioned brown trout in photo B is 23 inches long and weighs 1 lb 12 oz. (One ounce is equal to 0.0625 of one pound, so 1 lb 12 oz is 1.75 lb.)
The condition factor of a trout or salmon is important to fisheries managers. The reason for a low condition factor could be that the fish is stressed, diseased or starved because of overpopulation, or perhaps its the environment is unsuitable because of water temperatures, pollution or some other factor that affects either the trout or its food source. Likewise, a high condition factor indicates a healthy fish and healthy habitat with a low population and/or a plentiful food supply.
Pre-spawning trout will be found to be in better condition than those that have experienced the rigours of spawning.
I enjoy grading my catch using a value other than its weight and length. The condition factor is to me, a very important value. I'd far rather catch a 1 kg brownie in good condition than a 3 kg slab that I could almost shave with – wouldn't you?
The growth of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in warm-temperate lakes from The University of Waikato.


text:
Sloan Canyon Nawghaw Poa Road parking area hours change June 1
LAS VEGAS – The hours of operation for the Sloan Canyon parking area at the end of Nawghaw Poa Road will change to Friday through Sunday from 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. starting June 1. The parking area will be closed Monday through Thursday. The change in hours is a result of reduced visitation during the hot summer months.
Sloan Canyon was designated as a National Conservation Area in 2002 and its 48,438 acres provide peace and solitude for those who visit the unique scenic and geologic features and extraordinary cultural resources. Surroundings can vary from lowland dry lake beds to volcanic rock peaks reaching more than 5,000 feet.
The centerpiece of the area is the Sloan Canyon Petroglyph Site, one of the most significant cultural resources in Southern Nevada. Archeologists believe the more than 300 rock art panels with 1,700 individual design elements were created by native cultures from the Archaic to historic era.
Visitors are asked to help preserve this precious resource. While in Petroglyph Canyon, remain on the trail as climbing on the walls near the rock art may cause damage. Photographs and sketches are great ways to remember your visit, but rubbings are not permitted. Please do not touch the rock art because contact with the oils in skin will damage them.
The BLM manages more than 245 million acres of public land located primarily in 12 western states, including Alaska, on behalf of the American people. The BLM also administers 700 million acres of sub-surface mineral estate throughout the nation. Our mission is to sustain the health, diversity, and productivity of America's public lands for the use and enjoyment of present and future generations.


Gorm Salomonsen
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We describe the theory behind a practical voting scheme based on homomorphic encryption. We give an example of an ElGamal-style encryption scheme, which can be used as the underlying cryptosystem. Then, we present efficient honest verifier zero-knowledge proofs that make the messages in the voting scheme shorter and easier to compute and verify, for voters(More)
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The arctic is one of the few areas where humanity could not yet set feet. Arctic Transition is located on Novaya Semlya, an island in the north of Russia above the polar circle. The building should create a transition from the cityscape (HydroCity) to sea and the landscape. The idea is to create a continuous space which establishes the connection between the various conditions. The space should emphasize the feeling of this transistion and create an attractive surrounding for people living in this hostile environment.
Semester project at Studio Hani Rashid


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Combined Translational and Rotational Motion - JEE Important Topic
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What is Rolling Motion?
Rolling motion is one of the most common movements seen in daily life. All wheels used in transportation, such as cars, buses, trains, aeroplanes, bikes, buffalo carts, and many other things with wheels attached to them, such as trollies, have a rolling motion. Let's start with a disc for clarity, but the result applies to any rolling body, rolling on a level surface. When the disc rolls, it is assumed that it is not slipping. This implies that the bottom of the disc in contact with the flat surface is always at rest on the surface.
Now, there are two types of rolling motion: pure rolling and combined rolling. Pure rolling occurs when there is no slipping between the object and the surface. Combined rolling occurs when there is slipping between the object and the surface. In this article, let's study more about rolling motion, translatory motion definition and examples and many other concepts.
Understanding Rolling Motion
Rolling motion contains two types of motion: translational and rotational motion. It can also be said that rolling motion is a combination of translational and rotational motion. A body's translational motion is the movement of its centre of mass.
During a body's rolling motion, the surfaces that come into contact, deform slightly and this deformation is temporary; that is, when the areas of both bodies come into contact with each other, the body deforms temporarily. This phenomenon has a frictional impact effect, which is the component of the contact force parallel to the surface that resists motion.
What is Translation Motion ?
Translational motion, or translation motion, is the movement of an object from one point to another. The object can be moved in any direction, but it must move in a straight line. Translation motion can be represented using a vector. Rectilinear and curvilinear are the two types of translational motion.
 - Rectilinear motion: When a body in translatory motion moves in a straight line, the type of motion is known as rectilinear motion. For instance, a car moving on the straight road, or a train running on a straight track.
 - Curvilinear motion: It describes the movement of a body in translatory motion along a curved path. For instance, turning a car.
Examples of Translational Motion
 - The movement of an object from one point to another without changing its orientation or shape.
 - A type of motion in which an object moves along a path from one point to another.
 - An example of translation motion is when a person walks across a room.
What is Rotational Motion?
Rotational motion is a type of motion in which an object or body rotates around a fixed point. The fixed point may be the centre of mass of the object, or any other point in space. The object may be rotating about its own axis, or it may be orbiting another object (such as a planet orbiting the sun).
Examples of Rotational Motion
 - A merry-go-round at a playground
 - A Ferris wheel
 - A top
 - The blades of a fan or propeller
Let us assume the velocity of the wheel's centre of mass is vcm, which is its translational velocity. Since the rolling wheel's centre of mass is at its geometric centre C, vcm is the velocity of C. It is parallel to the flat surface. If you observe, the wheel rotates along its symmetrical axis that passes through the centre of C. Thus, the velocity of each point on the disc, such as P0 ,P1 ,or P2 is made up of two parts i.e, the linear velocity vr due to rotation and the translational velocity vcm.
A Wheel Representing Certain Mass and Velocity
A Wheel Representing Certain Mass and Velocity
 - Here, the magnitude of vr is ${{v}_{r}}={{\omega }_{r}}$, where r is the distance between the point and the axis and $\omega $ is the angular velocity of the wheel rotation about the axis. With regard to C, the velocity ${{v}_{r}}$ is perpendicular to the radius vector of the given point w.r.t C. ${{v}_{r}}$ is perpendicular to $C~P{}_{2}$ in this case.
 - It's simple to demonstrate that ${{v}_{2}}$ is perpendicular to the line ${{P}_{0}}{{P}_{2}}$. As a result, the instantaneous axis of rotation is defined as a line passing through \[{{P}_{0}}\]and parallel to $\omega $.
 - Due to rotation, the linear velocity ${{v}_{r}}$, is exactly opposite the translational velocity, ${{v}_{cm}}$, at point ${{P}_{0}}$. Furthermore, the magnitude of ${{v}_{r}}$, in this case, is ${{R}_{\omega }}$, where R is the wheel's radius.
 - The condition that ${{P}_{0}}$ is instantaneously at rest requires ${{v}_{cm}}={{R}_{\omega }}$. Thus, for the wheel, the condition for rolling without slipping is ${{v}_{cm}}={{R}_{\omega }}$.
 - This also means that the velocity of point ${{P}_{1}}$ at the top of the wheel ${{v}_{1}}$is ${{v}_{cm}}+R$or $2{{v}_{cm}}$ and is parallel to the level surface.
Difference Between Translational and Rotational Motion
Translational Motion
Rotational Motion
In translational motion, an object moves in a straight line.
In rotational motion, an object turns or spins around a central point.
Translational motion can be described by its distance and direction.
Rotational motion is described by its angle of rotation and axis of rotation.
Translational motion is a type of linear motion.
The speed of rotational motion is always constant (unless there is friction).
The acceleration of translational motion can be uniform or non-uniform.
The acceleration of rotational motion is always non-uniform (due to centripetal force).
The speed of translational motion can be constant or variable.
Rotational motion always has a constant speed unless there is friction.
Summary
We can summarise the whole article in a few important points. Rolling motion is a combination of translational and rotational motion. Translational motion is the movement of an object from one point to another, whereas rotational motion is a type of motion in which an object or body rotates around a fixed point. When an object is moving in such a way that it combines two motions, it is called combined motion. When it comes to combination motion examples, it can be observed that the movement of wheels on a cycle combines rectilinear and rotatory motion. The fixed point may be the centre of mass of the object, or any other point in space. We have also seen the examples of these two motions. We hope you found the article useful!
Last updated date: 21st Sep 2023
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FAQs on Combined Translational and Rotational Motion - JEE Important Topic
1. What happens in rolling motion?
Rolling motion is a combination of translational motion and rotational motion. For a body, the motion of the centre of mass is the translational motion of the body. During the rolling motion of a body, the surfaces in contact get deformed a little but temporarily. For instance, in our day-to-day life, we observe various moving cars, bikes, rickshaws, etc. All these circular wheels possess rolling motion. Also, football, tennis balls or even a wheel on the ground are examples of rolling friction.
2. What kind of force will act on a ball rolling on the floor? Does a rolling ball have kinetic energy?
The force of friction acts between two surfaces by opposing the relative motion of one surface over the other. For example, when a ball rolls on the ground, the force of friction acts between the surface of the ball and the surface of the ground. Kinetic energy depends on an object's mass and its speed. Ignoring frictional losses, the total amount of energy is conserved. For a rolling object, kinetic energy is split into two types: translational (motion in a straight line) and rotational (spinning).


What is the DISC Test
What is the DISC Test
The DISC test it is not a 'test' because a person can't pass or fail when writing it. Also, there are no right or wrong answers, and there is no bad or good score. Everyone is a mix of all four personality dimensions, and each mix is equally valuable.
- Intelligence
- Morality/character
- Levels of ambition or motivation
- Self-esteem or lack of it
What are the origins of the DISC test?
The idea of personality testing is not new. In fact, the word 'personality' itself comes from the Latin word 'persona' which referred to the masks worn by stage actors in Greek theatre.
The first recorded use of four quadrants of personality comes from Empedocles in the 5th century BC. Hippocrates in the 4th century BC believed that the four personality types came from four fluids within our bodies. Galen (2nd century AD) first came up with the terms choleric, melancholic, phlegmatic and sanguine to describe the four categories of human personality.
DISC dates back to 1928 when William Marston published his landmark book "Emotions of Normal People." Marston was a lawyer and a psychologist and contributed to the first polygraph test, authored self-help books, and even created the character "Wonder Woman!"
Psychologist Walter Clark developed these ideas into the first DISC profile in 1956. Clark created the 'Activity Vector Analysis,' a checklist of describing words on which he asked people to indicate descriptions that were true about them. The assessment was intended to be used by employers trying to find qualified employees.
Is there a difference between DISC and DiSC?
There are both similarities and differences between DISC and DiSC. Both tools are based on Marston and Clark's original work, and both use similar categories and descriptors to describe the four personality types.
In the 1970s, John Geier began developing material using the DISC categories. His assessment material would eventually become known as 'Everything DiSC' and is currently owned by John Wiley and Sons.
DISC on the other hand, is a similar tool developed by others, and used by many coaches (such as Tony Robbins) and other professionals to promote self-understanding, enhance team function, and put right people in right roles.
What does DISC stand for?
In 1928, William Marston labelled the four personality types:
- D: Dominant
- I: Influential
- S: Steady
- C: Compliant
Based on administering personality assessments to approximately 10,000 people over a 25-year span, gettingpeopleright.com has updated these four categories to:
- D: Dominant
- I: Inspiring
- S: Steady
- C: Conscientious
These categories are updated to better reflect what Marston originally meant, and are also more in step with modern culture. Few people today wish to self-identify as 'compliant' for instance. Nor is the 'S' personality type necessarily steady in all circumstances.
A simple description of each of the four DISC personality types:
The dominant person is direct, forceful, strong-willed and proactive.
They like to do tasks quickly, and are always interested in taking action, especially when the action is bold and decisive. It's important for them to be in charge and as a result may be poor at dealing with authority. Working towards and achieving goals energizes them, and they are focused primarily on the future.
Also, they are naturally task-oriented and tend to think only later about how the people involved might be affected.
Possible weaknesses include being insensitive, being too pushy or forceful, and being too blunt for the comfort of other personality types. They may also think they're often (or always) right, and it's hard to convince them to change once their minds are made up.
The inspiring person is enthusiastic, outgoing, ideas-oriented, and fun.
The inspiring person is talks a lot; they enjoy expressing themselves and persuading others. They are natural-born salespeople. They like to perform and are drawn to the spotlight. They love brainstorming and collaborating with other enthusiastic people who display vision and share their passion for ideas.
Their possible weaknesses include talking too much, struggling to compete projects once their initial enthusiasm has worn off, and maintaining focus on one idea for a long time. They also find details challenging; they know that details are important, but struggle to get them exactly right.
The supportive person is patient, diplomatic, flexible, and empathetic.
The supportive person is energized by feeling that they've helped someone. They love to contribute behind the scenes, away from the spotlight. They need to know that they're more than just a number, and so they thrive in collaborative environments. They are energized by doing practical jobs that they feel confident in completing. To a supportive person, trust is everything, and when they feel trusted and appreciated, they perform at peak levels.
Their weaknesses may include avoiding conflict, and not speaking their minds (especially about controversial topics. Since they don't enjoy engaging in conflict, they may struggle with feelings of bitterness, or hold grudges over real or perceived sleights. When they feel badly treated, they may become stubborn and display a 'quiet will of iron.'
The conscientious person is detailed, accurate, thorough, and precise.
The conscientious person is energized by doing a task thoroughly and well. They desire the time and quiet necessary to focus on doing a perfect job.
Detail and data appeal to them because data is predictable and consistent; people are not!
Also, it's natural for them to create structure, order and process, and they're very interested in building a detailed plan that will lead to quality results.
Their weaknesses include being too picky; they spot what's wrong before they see what's right in most situations. At times they exert inappropriate control over others, especially when they're under stress. Since they strive for quality results, they may become bogged down in detail, trying to be perfect in every aspect of a task, whether the task matters or not.
How is the DISC personality test used?
- Learning how to communicate better with others
- Understanding the motivations of others
- Hiring the right person for the right job
- Coaching people to recognize their natural areas of strength and weakness
- Self-reflection and personal growth
Summary of the DISC Test
- grow communication on your team
- increase your knowledge of your strengths and weaknesses
- learn the strengths and weaknesses of those around you
- understand the motivations of yourself and others
- improve success in hiring and promotion
- dramatically increase your effectiveness working with people
The tool is simple, easy to use, and highly effective. Give it a try and see for yourself. Try writing it for free at gettingpeopleright.com
Additional resources
Thanks for reading this article on 'What is the DISC test?' Below are additional resources from Getting People Right, the global provider of online human resources and leadership tools:
Trevor Throness is a speaker, consultant, and author of "The Power of People Skills." He is also co-founder and senior instructor at gettingpeopleright.com _URL_
Find more about "The Power of People Skills" here: _URL_
Related Resources
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 - Enhancing your career through delegation
 - Building a one-page strategic business plan
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 - Dealing with under performers
 - Learning the process to hire a-players
 - How to fire with minimum pain and drama
 - Objectively assessing your team
 - Building your personal annual plan
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text:
Aerial photographs of the Lower Illinois River Basin (LIRB) were taken
from a remote-controlled (R/C) helicopter with a camera suspended from a
remote-controlled camera rig. This was done to document the shape of LIRB
study unit stream reaches and to document and quantify the amount of woody
debris in the stream reaches. Woody debris is important because it
influences the flow of water, which affects the shape of the stream.
Woody debris also provides a habitat for fish and benthic
macroinvertebrates that are used as indicator species of water quality.
Personnel to contact about a specific subject are listed on the staff page.
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
221 North Broadway, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
Last modified: 16:59 CST Wed 17 May 2000

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
074932 - THE RAF COLOURING BOOK
Across 2018, the Royal Air Force celebrates its centenary year, looking back over one hundred years of history from its inception following the First World War through to the modern age. This long history has seen operations conducted across greatly varied terrain in vastly different aircraft, from biplanes to bombers, from jet to delta wing, through to the fighter, surveillance, air mobility aircraft and helicopters of today. The illustrations in this book chart the story of the RAF through its aircraft and its most significant events, remembering and highlighting such key milestones as the Battle of Britain and the Dams Raid. Its drawings are sure to captivate both RAF and colouring enthusiasts for hours. Suitable for children.
|Publication Date||July 2018|


text:
COLTO's Toothfish Depredation Workshop that took place in Punta Arenas in March 2016 was labelled a success by the 40+ attendees that took part. The attendees consisted of fishermen, vessel owners/operators, scientists, gear manufacturers, and policy makers in what was a collaborative effort to assess the state of depredation in the Southern Ocean's toothfish fisheries.
It was concluded that the vast majority of toothfish fisheries are experiencing depredation at some level, by Killer and/or Sperm whales, and there was agreement on moving to a standardised data collection method to determine what is happening in each fishery, which could then be analysed independently by scientists to look at trends, compare with other fisheries, and consider mitigation and potential management options at a fishery-specific level.
It was agreed that the outcomes of the workshop would be to produce:
- Peer reviewed paper – a global review on depredation in high latitude fisheries
- CCAMLR paper summarising the workshop
- COLTO Guidelines on:
i) Data collection
ii) Using Acoustic data
iii) Photo identification
iv) Hauling speed trials
v) Whale move on practices


text:
Dynamic keyword insertion (DKI) is a process which lets advertisers dynamically insert keywords into their advertisement texts; this helps their advertisements to perform better in search engine results pages (SERPs).
It is a targeting strategy which allows businesses to tailor their advertisements to each individual user, ensuring that the advertisement is relevant and engaging. This is done by automatically replacing specific phrases in the advertisement copy with user-defined keywords; this method helps to ensure that users are presented with the most relevant adverts when they search on a particular keyword.
The basic premise of dynamic keyword insertion is that businesses create a template advertisement which includes keywords that they know potential customers may be searching for. When an individual searches using a keyword they have specified, the advertisement is displayed with that keyword inserted in the text. This helps the advertiser to reach more potential customers, as the keyword used by the user will be dynamically inserted in the advertisement text and be relevant to the user's search term.
For example, if a business is advertising for lawn mowers and the keyword in their advertisement is "lawn mower", then when a user searches for "lawn mowers", their advertisement will appear with "lawn mowers" inserted in the text. This helps the business to target potential customers who are searching for lawn mowers, ensuring their advertisement is relevant to the user's search query and will be more successful in attracting clicks.
When using dynamic keyword insertion, there are several things businesses should bear in mind and adhere to. Firstly, the keywords used in dynamic keyword insertion must be relevant to the advertisement and the services or products being promoted; using irrelevant keywords can lead to user dissatisfaction and cause your advertisement to be less successful. Secondly, businesses should keep the maximum characters for their advertisement texts in mind, as dynamic keywords which are too long may cause the advertisement to exceed the character limit and be rejected by the SERPs.
Become a Sales & Marketing Rainmaker
Learn valuable skills to win more customers, grow your business, and increase your profits.
Another important best practice to consider when using dynamic keyword insertion is that it is best to use a generic term or phrase in the template text, rather than an exact keyword or phrase. This helps to ensure that the text of your advertisement remains relevant, regardless of which keyword the user searches for. It also helps to keep your advertisement from becoming repetitive, as the same exact phrase or keyword may be searched more than once.
It is also important to ensure that the keywords you are targeting with dynamic keyword insertion have sufficient daily search volume. Keywords which do not have enough search volume may appear in the advertisement, but they are unlikely to attract clicks.
Failing to use dynamic keyword insertion correctly may result in your advertisement appearing with irrelevant keywords or unable to appear at all in searchers. Therefore, it is important to ensure that you fully understand the concept of using dynamic keyword insertion before using it in your advertisement campaigns.
Last but not least, it is recommended to use a monitoring tool to track how your advertisements are performing in response to dynamic keyword insertion. This will allow you to quickly identify any issues and take the necessary action to improve the performance of your campaigns.


text:
The Regional Transportation Authority (RTA) of Middle Tennessee initiated the Northwest Corridor Transit Study to evaluate transit options between Clarksville and Nashville. The study will build upon previous efforts and will examine enhanced, cost effective transit improvements in the northwest corridor to connect travelers to destinations (work, school, shopping, entertainment, etc.) and address anticipated traffic growth and congestion along Interstate 24. One of the key components of the project will be active stakeholder participation and public engagement throughout the entire study process to both share information and gather input regarding the alternatives under consideration.
The Northwest Corridor Transit Study Summary of Findings and Recommendations has been finalized and is available for review. The locally preferred alternative includes options to make transit capital and operations investments within the corridor in three phases. View the report and the project summary.
Short Term (1 – 5 years)
Short-term improvements include the existing 94X Express Bus service with over-the-road coaches in the corridor. This would involve expanding hours and trips, improvements to the park-and-ride lots and promotion of the guaranteed ride home program.
Medium Term (5 – 15 years)
Mid-term improvements include ways to improve travel time on I-24 and the arterials from I-24 leading to the main transit terminal in Nashville, Music City Central. These improvements could involve a bus on shoulder (BOS) mode, including transit signal priority or transit queue jump lanes and/or combinations of all three.
Long Term (15 years or more)
In the longer term, commuter rail would be the preferred investment in the existing and new Nashville & Western Railroad from Nashville to Clarksville. The vehicle would be a diesel multiple unit vehicle that would convert to a single-car train that would operate in "local" mode within the Nashville/Davidson County area.
The Northwest Corridor Transit Study team is working closely with RTA to establish the Northwest Corridor Advisory Committee (NCAC). The NCAC will provide guidance for the public outreach and engagement of the larger community, as well as input on the need and purpose for the project, the alternatives that will be studied, and the evaluation criteria that will be used (including cost) to screen and evaluate alternatives.
The Northwest Corridor Transit Study team has reviewed prior reports, collected data, and conducted a "desktop review" of the corridors under consideration. The team is currently preparing a summary of existing environmental considerations, land uses, highway and railway infrastructure, and transit service operations present within the study area.


text:
In this example, presents an analysis for finding the deformation of the gear due to induction hardening using a two way coupled Magnetic / thermal stress study in JMAG.
Eddy current Loss
Fig. 1 shows the eddy current loss density distribution of the cross-section of a tooth top.
The coil is feed with a high frequency (30 kHz) current that will generate an oscillating magnetic field that will create induced current in the gear. Because of the High frequency nature of the Magnetic field the currents will be located in a small portion of the gear because of the skin effect. The skin depth can be calculated using the equation shown in Fig. 2.
The Magnetic Field frequency Analysis will allow us to find the induced current in the work piece. The losses induced by those currents will be shared with the thermal stress study. The changes in temperatures and deformation of the work piece will be used as an input constraint of the FQ analysis.
Fig. 3 shows the temperature distribution of the gear, and Fig. 4 shows the temperature variation versus time of the tooth tops. Fig. 4 shows the temperature variation of the tooth top at the measuring points shown in Fig. 3.
The Losses created by the induced current will act as an heat source and increase the temperature of the work piece. In the Thermal stress study will set the losses found in the magnetic study as an input constraint. As the losses are mainly concentrated in the outer layer of the workpiece, this area will naturally have the highest temperature changes. The resulting temperatures will be shared with the Magnetic study where the magnetic properties of the material will be change according to it.
Thermal Stress (deformation)
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 shows the deformation of the gear. Using a scaling factor of 100 we can observe the expansion of the work piece.
The changes in temperature in the work piece will create thermal stress that will lead to the thermal expansion of the heated geometry. We can observe that the parts subject to the most temperature have the highest expansion. After 4 sec the work piece deformed up to 0.18 mm. Furthermore we can also the impact the gravity has on the deformation of the work piece as it bending because of the force pulling it to the ground.


Can Life360 Track Or See Your Text Messages?
avatar
Aug 12, 2022 • Filed to: Virtual Location Solutions • Proven solutions
Life360 is a family locator application that brings people closer to their family members with location sharing and place alerts, but people misunderstand its features and compare it to other spying apps and wonder if you can track text messages with it. It is a free application that allows users to track the location of their loved ones with text messages and one-tap directions. However, you cannot simply answer whether it can see your text messages with a "yes" or "no."
Life360 uses real-time GPS data to notify your group members about your location as a location-sharing app. It also tracks driving habits and the user's safety while on the road. In addition, you don't have to worry about privacy; people outside your circle can't view or access your location or texts. Here we will answer your various questions about Life360, including, can it see internet history, read or show text, etc. You will also learn how to stop life360 from seeing your location data or texts.
Part 1: Is Life360 a spy app?
You might have learned from your friends or social media about various applications that allow you to track other devices, view text messages, and track everything someone does on their device. No one, including your circle members, can spy on what you do on your devices, like checking your internet history or reading texts. Although life360 has many tracking features similar to spy apps, it only provides basic location and text tracking under specific conditions. For people who don't use Life360 for privacy reasons, what can life360 monitor? Can Life360 see your internet history, or can Life360 see who you text? Here is a brief about everything the app can do and monitor on your phone.
Part 2: What can you do with Life360?
Life360 is a mobile application that provides family security services that you can download and use for free on android and IOS. Its basic features include location and driving safety tracking as the application runs in the background. In addition, the application notifies group members if someone in the group is not driving responsibly. Users can also pay for premium perks to access more safety and tracking features for the security of their loved ones.
There are many valuable features in the life360 app, such as device tracking and locator, which allows you to track your stolen or lost devices. It also allows users to track what other circle members like to do, which route they prefer, and which locations they usually visit. Unfortunately, the app only runs when the location services on any device are turned on, and the user permits it to run in the background. It does not work when the device is turned off, or its battery is dead.
The paid features of life360 notify circle members when you text while driving. Even if the user turns this feature off, it will still show that you are doing something on your phone while driving.
One of the best features of Life360 is the panic button which allows users to send out mass emergency texts to their circle members with their GPS coordinates if they are in danger.
Part 3: Can Life360 see your texts?
Although it uses some tracking features, there are limitations on what the app can or cannot do. If you are wondering can life360 see your texts, then the answer is "yes"; the app can only see and track your texts under one condition. As Life360 links group members' devices, it can read texts sent between members of any group. All circle members get notifications when your app is active. Some applications allow users to view the text on someone's device, like their spouse or partner, but life360 does not compromise the privacy of its users and only shows limited information without any way of spying on others.
Part 4: How to stop Life360 from seeing your location data?
Life360 can only have limited access to your texts, but it tracks your location as long as the app runs in the background and the location services are on. For those of you who wonder, does life360 alert you when someone checks your locations? The answer is no because no android or IOS application has that feature. So, all group members can track your location or see your location history all the time. Here is how you can stop life360 from seeing your location.
Dr.Fone - Virtual Location is a location changer application that teleports your GPS location to anywhere you want with a single click. It is the best tool to fool all location tracking-based android or IOS applications, including Life360. Users can fake their location by stimulating GPS location with a joystick and drawing a fake route on a 360-degree map. It also allows you to play location-based games on your device without moving a single step.
style arrow up
Dr.Fone - Virtual Location
1-Click Location Changer for both iOS and Android
 - Teleport from one location to another across the world from the comfort of your home.
 - With just a few selections on your computer, you can make members of your circle believe you're anywhere you want.
 - Stimulate and imitate movement and set the speed and stops you take along the way.
 - Compatible with both iOS and Android systems.
 - Work with location-based apps, like Pokemon Go, Snapchat, Instagram, Facebook, etc.
Available on: Windows Mac
_PHONE_ people have downloaded it
Open the Dr.Fone software on your computer and connect your phone. Next, navigate to "visual location" and click on "get started" to open the maps.
tap on get started button
Click on the "teleport mode" search for your fake location or use the joystick stimulator to move to the exact coordinates. Finally, click on the "move here" button to change your device's location.
choose destination
Conclusion
I hope reading this article helped relieve your concerns about the Life360 app. Can you track text messages with life360 "yes" the app tracks your location through texts but can life360 read texts, or can life360 see who you text, "no" because it cannot monitor all your device's actions? The device can see if you are texting others. Still, it cannot store any data, so you can privately communicate with people inside or outside your circle. But you can stop the app from tracking your location for safety purposes, so you have to use Dr.Fone - Virtual Location to trick location-based applications or change your GPS coordinates or location history with one click.
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James Davis
staff Editor
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text:
Your box contains a unique product.
Cofaidh beans which are hand roasted within the Outer Hebridean Archipelago using the senses of sight, sound, smell, and of course taste. Our small artisan roastery is nestled in the shadows of Benn Kenneth situated alongside turquoise coloured waves. Where the coffee is roasted to a medium profile, and cooled by the Atlantic Ocean winds. Then gently smoked using the blooms of hand-picked wild heather and locally sourced and environmentally considered, sphagnum moss peat.
Failte / Welcome
Heather / Fraoch
Outer Hebridean heather blooms in the late summer months, peaking in August, when the moors and slopes of the uplands and mountains are covered with a blanket of beautiful mauve, lilac and purple shaded buds.
'Fraoch', the local Gaelic name, is an abundant plant, which is hardy, fast growing, and provides a home to both insects and birds. Furthermore local families believe the shrub to have medicinal properties which are able to treat many conditions and ailments.
The Celts brewed Heather Ale as a restorative tonic and the plant is widely used in aromatherapy products as an internal cleanser and detoxifier.
I pick the Heather when it as its most pungent and leave to air dry.
For crofting families, the annual peat cutting is a time-consuming, process driven task which uses traditional methods at its heart, passed down over generations. Peat has been the main source of fuel in the Outer Hebrides for hundreds of years with specific areas of the croft allocated for cutting. Allocating areas means there is less of an environmental impact and when the yearly quota runs out coal is used for warmth instead.
The first process is to dig by hand, the top layer of the sedge marsh, in Gaelic; 'Am Barr Fhad'. There is soft peat under this upper layer and it is easier to cut. Once dug it is sliced and laid across the ground using a tool called a 'Tairsgear' which has a long wooden handle with an angled blade, a foot or so in length that both lances and turns the peat.
The peat bricks are then stacked in a specific way reflecting thefamily heritage and township. Known as a 'Cruach' the peat mound is left to dry by the winds. Mounds are often curved at each end which tapers to a point approximately 2 metres high.
Our peat bricks come from local crofters Iain and Anne Campbell whose working croft is within walking distance of our roastery in South Uist. Iain and Anne use these traditional methods to gather the peat and then leave to dry on the moors for almost one year, before it is ready to be used.
We are privileged to be able to utilise this unique natural resource. For our purposes, one small peat brick smokes an awful lot of coffee.
On the tongue, expect wild berries with cream, hints of dried banana chips and dark spiced cacao. The smoked heather enhances the beans natural sweetness and lends overtones of cherry kirsch and vanilla with a spiced clove base note. Wrapped around all those subtle nuances lies a gun smoke injection of flavour, which quietly lingers on the tongue.
In bean form ready to be appropriately ground for your brewing appliance.
Small batch roasting.
Hand packed and labelled.
Fully recyclable packaging (4).
Percentage of sales can go towards re-instatement of peat lands. Scotland will probably meet, if not exceed, its goal of restoring 50,000 hectares of land back to its original state.
Thank you and a good day to you.


Join the webinar on 'Unlocking Insights: The Role of Data Science in Mobile Testing' on Sep 18th.
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Regression intelligence practical guideRegression intelligence practical guide
Regression Intelligence practical guide for advanced users (Part 1)
June 7, 2022
 by
Shinji KanaiShinji Kanai
Shinji Kanai
HeadSpin's Regression Intelligence is a fully automated solution and provides a set of capabilities to help you discover regression early and improve quality assurance. This article is the first part of the two series. The goal is to give you a practical idea of how Regression Intelligence works by guiding you through creating custom KPIs and setting regression alerts. This knowledge is the foundation for understanding the more advanced topics covered in Part 2, where we dive into statistics and the more profound product realm. Through this series, you will understand all concepts necessary to utilise Regression Intelligence where applicable and help you maximise your investment. For those looking for basics, please refer to the product page and the following materials:
In this article, we will cover:
 1. What is a custom KPI?
 2. Creating a custom KPI?
 3. What options are available for regression detection and alerting?
 4. Regression monitoring with Grafana
 5. Regression monitoring with Watcher
 6. Conclusion
What is a custom KPI?
A Key Performance Indicator (KPI) is a quantifiable indicator of performance that you have identified as important to measure the success of your application. HeadSpin supports data collection from more than 120 data points. You choose one or more KPIs from the standard set that HeadSpin supports out of the box, or create your own KPI if the KPI you need is not found in the default setting.
HeadSpin Data Collection
See how beautifully the data collected is plotted. The "Max Current" values collected from multiple sessions from the selected "Samsung SM-j610G" device are highlighted in the orange line. Looking at the trend, you can easily find spikes in the data set where the anomaly occurred and correlate them with over 100 KPIs at a glance. You can also jump to an individual session to open the detail page or switch highlights by selecting another device or region. For more details about Performance UI, see Performance Monitoring UI.
This is just an introductory feature of Regression Intelligence. In the following, I will cover how to create this "Max Current" KPI and automatically receive notifications when an anomaly or regression is detected.
Creating a custom KPI
Here, you will create a custom KPI called "Max Current". Let's start a session and collect data from the remote control. Here is the instruction. After the session is recorded, for this exercise, you will use summary statistics to get the max current by adding a "time-series-request" label as shown below.
Adding a time-series-request (stats) label via Web UI
Adding a time-series-request
The label capability enables you to annotate the collected data and aid your analysis. There are multiple ways to create labels: by calling Session Label API or LOG functions, so labels can be created while the app or automated test is running. You can also use the COPY method to duplicate labels across sessions.
Once the label is added successfully, you will see the result below.
Adding session label
The following API will create the "time-series-request" label via Web UI:
Adding a time-series-request (stats) label via API
curl --request POST '_URL_ \
--data-raw '{
 "label_type": "time-series-request",
 "name": "max current",
 "start_time": 0,
 "end_time": 38.252 ,
 "data":
 { "method": "stats",
 "time_series_key": "battery_current",
 "parameters": {
 "metrics": ["max","mean", "percentile 10", "percentile 97.5"]
 }
 }
}'
To obtain the MAX calculation result, the Session Analysis API below must be called separately. The result cannot be obtained from the Web UI as of this writing. Specify the Label Group ID, which you noted earlier, as a parameter.
curl --request GET '_URL_
The following API is returned. In this case, the maximum value observed in the electric current in this session is 176.116mA.
{"summary_statistics": [{"time_series_key": "battery_current", "label_group_id": "b1150db6-cba9-4607-a1fd-25f08a43598f", "session_id": "c9cc7333-dd5c-11ec-96bb-025b84ee4231", "metric": "max", "value": 176.116, "time_intervals_ms": [[0, 38252]]}, {"time_series_key": "battery_current", "label_group_id": "b1150db6-cba9-4607-a1fd-25f08a43598f", "session_id": "c9cc7333-dd5c-11ec-96bb-025b84ee4231", "metric": "mean", "value": 162.61328571428572, "time_intervals_ms": [[0, 38252]]}, {"time_series_key": "battery_current", "label_group_id": "b1150db6-cba9-4607-a1fd-25f08a43598f", "session_id": "c9cc7333-dd5c-11ec-96bb-025b84ee4231", "metric": "percentile 10.0", "value": 157.734, "time_intervals_ms": [[0, 38252]]}, {"time_series_key": "battery_current", "label_group_id": "b1150db6-cba9-4607-a1fd-25f08a43598f", "session_id": "c9cc7333-dd5c-11ec-96bb-025b84ee4231", "metric": "percentile 97.5", "value": 168.668, "time_intervals_ms": [[0, 38252]]}]}
Next, you will use the Performance Monitoring API and add the retrieved value (i.e. 176.116) to a user flow. A user flow is a data repository for storing session data originating from the same user action. Typically, you will create a flow for each critical user operation (e.g. cold startup, shopping cart, payment transaction) where any failure triggers user frustration.
Adding a custom KPI "Max Current" to a user flow via API
curl --request POST '_URL_ \
--data-raw '{
 "test_name": "{{user flow name}}",
 "session_id": "{{session_id}}",
 "status" : "passed",
 "data": [
 {"key": "My Measurement", "value":{{any value}}},
 {"key": "Max Current", "value": 176.116}]
}'
If the data collected through a session is not valid, set the "status" to either "failed" or "excluded" to filter out the session from the analysis.
That's it. Here, we learnt how to create a "Max Current" KPI. Next, we will set up regression detection and alerts for this KPI.
What options are available for regression detection and alerting?
There are two approaches available; one uses Grafana, and the other uses Regression Intelligence. Depending on your use case, you will need to know when to use which depending on your use case. See below are some guidelines:
Grafana
 - Supports various charts and alert options (e.g. email, webhook and more) that work on any KPIs, whether aggregated or not.
 - Excellent choice to visualise the relationship between different KPIs and discover hidden insights in the population.
 - Knowledge of SQL and data representation skill are required.
 - Fundamentally makes the detection of an anomaly session easier.
Regression Intelligence
 - Supports the trend line view and email alert that works on network-based or duration-based KPIs (aggregated only).
 - The goal is to predict the overall failure rates from the collected samples if the product were shipped as-is.
 - Knowledge of statistics is required.
 - Fundamentally makes comparisons of 2 data sets easier.
Not intuitively understandable? In the following, I will walk you through two use cases to understand these differences visually.
Regression monitoring with Grafana
Here, you will learn how to trigger an alert when the electric current observed during a session exceeds 800mA. For this exercise, you will use the "Max Current" KPI mentioned earlier. Grafana is the right choice for this task as neither statistical processing nor data aggregation is required. It monitors all sessions and notifies when an anomaly with the "Max Current" KPI is detected.
The steps below


Adding a language to Tableau Server
If you find yourself embedding Tableau Server but serving areas with languages that are not part of the standard set provided by default, it is possible to add support for additional language.
DISCLAIMER: Not supported by Tableau whatsoever, may break at any time, may void your warranty, proceed with caution!!!.
Updated 2018-05-09: New instructions for Tableau Server 10.5. A few things moved but it all works like before.
Adding a New Language
There are two parts to Tableau Server that are visible to the end user (only one when you fully embed):
 - vizportalclient: the UI of Tableau Server
 - vizqlserver: Draws all of the vizes that are embedded in an iframe.
These instructions will add a language to vizqlserver, but we'll also do some work on vizportalclient to make sure everything is in order.
There are three steps to adding a language:
 1. Adding an entry for the language into the Repository
 2. Duplicating an existing language's files and modifying
 3. Adjusting the JavaScript files of Tableau Server to make the language available
Adding an entry for the language into the Repository
Inside the Tableau Server PostgreSQL Repository, there is a table called language_prefs. If you SELECT * this, you'll find the languages that appear in the Language selection box for each user. Tableau Server also uses this table on startup to determine which languages exist in the server.
To add a Russian language pack:
INSERT INTO language_prefs VALUES
('ru','русский',900,'/help/en_US','ru_RU')
The values for the row are:
 1. The lowercase version of the language code ('ru' for Russian). This is how the language will be identified in other places throughout the Tableau Server code
 2. The name that will be visible in the drop-down selector in the Tableau Server UI
 3. An integer that determines the order the languages appear in the selector box for each user. The default pattern goes up by 100 each time, and there are 8 original languages, so our first new language is 900 and we'll just increment from there. I suppose you could rearrange the existing languages to put your new one to the top.
 4. The fourth value is the help file link pattern, which we'll leave pointed to the English help, because that's one thing we're not going to take into our own hands for translation.
 5. The last value is the language_locale code, with language lower-case and locale uppercase. 'ru_RU' in this case.
If you just tried this with the readonly user, you received a message that you don't have privileges. That user isn't named "readonly" for nothing. To do this warranty voiding action, you'll have to find a user with admin rights, which might be mentioned in various blog posts. If you can find the user and its password, you are qualified to continue.
At this point, when you restart Tableau Server it will try and look for the Russian language files. They don't exist yet, so we better create some.
Duplicating an existing language's files and modifying
Note: You'll want to copy all of the custom files you create before you do an upgrade, then put them back in place afterward, checking that no new values have been added to the jsstrings files for the supported languages. You also should keep a copy of the original vizportalMinLibs.js and messageformat_locales.js (and anything else you change) that you can substitute back in place so nothing gets messed up when you upgrade.
Note 2: In 10.0+, every content file has an equivalent .gz file which will be read if it exists. You can rename all of these with ".old" at the end so that the Apache server will ignore them. Or you can gzip your modified files to replace them. You also MUST follow these steps to disable server-side caching so that your new files will be delivered. There are also min.js versions of almost every JavaScript file. These are almost impossible to modify, so what you can do is change their names (and move somewhere safe) and then save the non-minified version with the .min.js ending. I supposed you could minify the files as well but that's beyond me.
Note 3 (10.5): In 10.5, the server-side caching seems to be less strong that before, so you may not need to disable it. However, the system is definitely looking for the min.js versions of the files, so make sure you do the duplication mentioned at the end of Note 2.
vizqlserver files
As mentioned earlier, the files that are involved in the actual display of a Viz (and web edit) come from vizqlserver. The JavaScript files that include those strings live in the directory (or its equivalent):
C:\Program Files{ (x86)}\Tableau\Tableau Server\{version}\vizqlserver\public\v_{versionnumber}\javascripts\
In this directory you'll find a set of files named "jsstrings_". Open up "jsstrings_en.js" and you'll find a JavaScript object with keys and text that clearly line up with every bit of text found in the viz iframe. We can use this as our template for translation. Save As a copy as "jsstrings_ru.js", and then modify something you'll see immediately once all the changes are in place. I suggest "ToolbarDownload:" or "ToolbarEdit:" as good candidates.
Eventually you'll want to translate all of these strings so that the end user gets the desired experience. This takes care of vizqlserver — the jsstrings file controls it all.
vizportalclient files
Now let's do some work on vizportalclient just to make sure the server doesn't balk when it looks for a language. Let's look in
C:\Program Files{ (x86)}\Tableau\Tableau Server\{version}\vizportalclient\public
Notice that there are directories for each language. Let's copy the 'en' folder and rename that copy 'ru'.
Earlier than 10.5: If you compare the files in each of the directories, you'll notice that they are all identical, with placeholders where the translated text goes. This is convenient and means there is no danger in just replicating the 'en' folder for each new language we add.
10.5: The files themselves actually have the real values for quite a few of the words in the HTML files themselves. If you remove (or rename) the .gz version of a file, the web server will use the basic HTML version. You can change the text directly (remember to only change text that is between the tags, and not any of the attributes of the HTML tags.
The next directory to make changes to varies between versions, so follow the correct instructions:
Earlier than 10.5:
C:\Program Files{ (x86)}\Tableau\Tableau Server\{version}\vizportalclient\public\loc
you'll find "__.json" files like "en.json" which include most of the strings that are used in the Tableau Server UI. Let's just copy en.json and rename is "ru.json". You could translate these later if you needed to, but for now let's leave them in English so we can still navigate when we test our new language.
10.5:
C:\Program Files{ (x86)}\Tableau\Tableau Server\{version}\vizportalclient\public\localize
you'll find "messages.language_locale.js" files like "messages_en_US.js" which include most of the strings that are used in the Tableau Server UI. Let's just copy en.js and rename is "ru.js". You could translate these later if you needed to, but for now let's leave them in English so we can still navigate when we test our new language.

There is a basic set of language_locale information around times, calendar dates, numbers, etc. in
C:\Program Files{ (x86)}\Tableau\Tableau Server\{version}\vizportalclient\public\locales
which do not need any changes — the codes for almost every locale are already here and ready.
Adjusting the JavaScript files of Tableau Server to make the language available
The actual JavaScript files that compose the functional "Tableau Server" application code have references that actually direct the correct localized content to be loaded. These also vary a bit depending on the version:
Before 10.5:
There are two more files we need to change to enable the new language, and we make the same change to both of them:
C:\Program Files{ (x86)}\Table


text:
|Sea Aster||Daisy family|
|Aster tripolium||Asteraceae (Compositae)|
Sea Aster grows in saltmarshes and around the coastlines of Britain.
The flower occurs in two forms: usually it has purple ray florets, but plants nearer the water
may only have the yellow disc florets.
This plant was grown in gardens before the introduction of Michaelmas Daisy, a similar plant that has now also established itself in the wild.
|Flower without ray florets|


text:
Q-Span™ Workstation Kit
AUTOMATE DIGITAL CALIPER MEASUREMENTS, DATA LOGGING AND PART HANDLING
The Q-Span™ Workstation Kit for UR3e cobots is a flexible solution for QC measurement inspection.
Automatically pick small parts, measure multiple features on each, and decide where to place the parts based on any measured dimension (for example pass, fail, or sort into bins by dimension ranges).
You can also record all measured data to your PC for statistical analysis. Your QC team will improve small-part measurement consistency and repeatability, eliminate data entry errors, and spend their time on higher-value tasks.
- Improve precision, yield and quality in measurements of small parts
- Measurement resolution of 2.5 µm (0.0001 inches)
- Increase production capacity faster than headcount
- Boost employee engagement and job satisfaction while reducing risk of repetitive stress injuries
- Install quickly with minimal changes to existing facilities and process flow
- Fast part changeover for agile automation
- ROI in less than 10 months
Install the three precision gripper/caliper tools on your UR3e cobot using the multi-tool mount. Install the standard metrology fingertips. Use the URCap to build QC measurement processes: pick a small part from an input tray, place it on the measurement fixture, measure multiple dimensions, and place the part in an output tray or bin.
The kit includes a cable and software for logging measurement data to a PC. The flexible workstation table lets you easily position the system into existing workspaces.
Use the Q-Span Workstation Kit with your UR3e e-Series robot as a starting point for automating measurements of your specific parts. Once you have developed the Q-Span Workstation for your first part, you can easily expand its use to additional parts and change over between parts in minutes.
Software version requiredPolyscope e-Series 5.3 or higher
Certifications and standardsCE, RoHS
What's in the box?
- Three (3) NSR-PG gripper/calipers
- Standard metrology fingertips set
- NSR MTM Multi-Tool Mount
- "Example part" accessory set including example part(s) with matching trays (parts-in, parts-passed, parts-rejected) and measurement fixture
- Zero-reference fixture including gage block (NIST traceable artifact)
- Workstation table
- NSR Devices URCap with sample scripts for the example part, demonstrating how to grasp and move parts, measure dimensions, make decisions and log data.
- A cable and software for logging data to your PC
- Documentation and videos for installation and operation
- ROBOT not included.
License typeOne-time purchase


Roman Tax on Estate Auctions was the Outrageous Level of 1%
QUESTION: Mr. Armstrong; You recently showed a coin of the emperor Hadrian burning tax records. Was there a tendency to always raise taxes as we have today to extreme levels? It seems that our government here in BC just assumes everything you have belongs to them. We should be grateful for what they allow us to retain. That is really the attitude here in Canada. Has this been the norm for governments in general?
ANSWER: Actually no. This attitude toward tax levels over 10% is the product of Socialism and Karl Marx. Even the notorious Emperor Caligula abolished taxes placed on auctions. This was the norm when estates were liquidated and the proceeds went to the family. Augustus put in this auction tax which was effectively on top of a 5% Inheritance Tax. It caused a lot of tax protests. The tax level was the outrageous level of 1%. The next emperor Tiberius bowed to the pressure and cut the tax in half to just 0.5%. Then Caligula followed Tiberius and he issued this coin announcing that he abolished the auction tax altogether. Note that the coin has SC meaning it was sanctioned by the Senate.
Overall, Rome did not have any direct taxation on income and this was the model for the Founding Fathers of the United States where the Constitution forbids direct taxation. The Roman Empire only imposed indirect taxes. It was Augustus who added to the taxes on harbors and manumission the centesima rerum venalium. Augustus imposed the 1% tax on the price of articles sold at auctions. There was the quinta et vicesima mancipiorum, or 4% tax on the price of every slave purchased but a 5% tax if you freed a slave. Then there was the vicesima hereditatum et legatorum, of 5% on all inheritances above 100,000 sesterces, which did not fall to the nearest blood-relations, and on all legacies. The freedom of the citizens from direct taxation following the victory of the Punic Wars continued unimpaired. Emperor Caracalla in 212 AD granted to all free subjects of the Empire the right of citizenship, but it did not abolish taxation as was the case for those in Italy. There was a customs tax was 2.5% and there was a religious tax on Jews of an extra two denarii a year for not supporting the temples. Diocletian (284-305AD) removed the last distinctions between the inhabitants of Italy and of other parts of the Empire by introducing into Italy the same taxation as obtained in the provinces.
I think we all would prefer an Emperor with low taxation than career politicians who never leave office either and want everything we earn.


text: Future Lunar Landers and Rovers will require variable thermal links that can reject heat during daytime, and passively shut-off during lunar night. During the long lunar day, the thermal management system must remove the waste heat from the electronics and batteries keep them within the acceptable temperature limit. Since the heater power availability is restricted, a variable thermal link is therefore required to limit the amount of heat that is removed from the electronics and radiated to space during the long lunar night. Conventional Loop Heat Pipes (LHPs) can provide the required variable thermal conductance, but they consume electrical power to shut down the heat transfer. Our innovation adds a Thermal Control Valve (TCV) to the LHP, allowing it to passively shut off without consuming any electrical power. This is important since there is a severe penalty for electrical power consumption: supplying 1 W in a photovoltaic system requires roughly 5 kg of extra equipment. The TCV used in the LHP has been previously selected for thermal control in the pumped loop on the Mars Science Laboratory. The Phase I project was successful in demonstrating the feasibility of integrating the TCV in a LHP. The Phase II project will fabricate and test a LHP with a TCV at representative conditions, bringing the technology to TRL 6. The testing will include full characterization of the TCV under various LHP operation modes. Analysis and testing of different LHP condenser layouts will also be performed, as well as freeze/thaw analysis.


- validateActionName is the validation method, returning true or false. It is the first method looked for when the action ActionName is requested. If it doesn't exist, the action method is executed directly.
 - handleErrorActionName is the method called when the validation method fails. If it doesn't exist, the Error template is displayed.
 - executeActionName is the action method. It must exist for all actions.
Listing 6-29 shows an example of an action class with validation methods. Whether the validation passes or fails in this example, the myActionSuccess.php template will be executed, but not with the same parameters.
Listing 6-29 - Sample Validation Methods
class mymoduleActions extends sfActions
{
 public function validateMyAction()
 {
 return ($this->getRequestParameter('id') > 0);
 }

 public function handleErrorMyAction()
 {
 $this->message = "Invalid parameters";

 return sfView::SUCCESS;
 }

 public function executeMyAction()
 {
 $this->message = "The parameters are correct";
 }
}
You can put any code you want in the validate() methods. Just make sure they return either true or false. As it is a method of the sfActions class, it has access to the sfRequest and sfUser objects as well, which can be really useful for input and context validation.
You could use this mechanism to implement form validation (that is, control the values entered by the user in a form before processing it), but this is the type of repetitive task for which symfony provides automated tools, as described in Chapter 10.
Filters
The security process can be understood as a filter by which all requests must pass before executing the action. According to some tests executed in the filter, the processing of the request is modified--for instance, by changing the action executed (default/secure instead of the requested action in the case of the security filter). Symfony extends this idea to filter classes. You can specify any number of filter classes to be executed before the action execution or before the response rendering, and do this for every request. You can see filters as a way to package some code, similar to preExecute() and postExecute(), but at a higher level (for a whole application instead of for a whole module).
The Filter Chain
Symfony actually sees the processing of a request as a chain of filters. When a request is received by the framework, the first filter (which is always the sfRenderingFilter) is executed. At some point, it calls the next filter in the chain, then the next, and so on. When the last filter (which is always sfExecutionFilter) is executed, the previous filter can finish, and so on back to the rendering filter. Figure 6-3 illustrates this idea with a sequence diagram, using an artificially small filter chain (the real one contains more filters).
Figure 6-3 - Sample filter chain
Sample filter chain
This process justifies the structure of the filter classes. They all extend the sfFilter class, and contain one execute() method, expecting a $filterChain object as parameter. Somewhere in this method, the filter passes to the next filter in the chain by calling $filterChain->execute(). See Listing 6-30 for an example. So basically, filters are divided into two parts:
 - The code before the call to $filterChain->execute() executes before the action execution.
 - The code after the call to $filterChain->execute() executes after the action execution and before the rendering.
Listing 6-30 - Filter Class Struture
class myFilter extends sfFilter
{
 public function execute ($filterChain)
 {
 // Code to execute before the action execution
 ...

 // Execute next filter in the chain
 $filterChain->execute();

 // Code to execute after the action execution, before the rendering
 ...
 }
}
The default filter chain is defined in an application configuration file called filters.yml, and is shown in Listing 6-31. This file lists the filters that are to be executed for every request.
Listing 6-31 - Default Filter Chain, in myapp/config/filters.yml
rendering: ~
web_debug: ~
security: ~
# Generally, you will want to insert your own filters here
cache: ~
common: ~
flash: ~
execution: ~
These declarations have no parameter (the tilde character, ~, means "null" in YAML), because they inherit the parameters defined in the symfony core. In the core, symfony defines class and param settings for each of these filters. For instance, Listing 6-32 shows the default parameters for the rendering filter.
Listing 6-32 - Default Parameters of the rendering Filter, in $sf_symfony_data_dir/config/filters.yml
rendering:
 class: sfRenderingFilter # Filter class
 param: # Filter parameters
 type: rendering
By leaving the empty value (~) in the application filters.yml, you tell symfony to apply the filter with the default settings defined in the core.
You can customize the filter chain in various ways:
 - Disable some filters from the chain by adding an enabled: off parameter. For instance, to disable the web debug filter, write:
 web_debug:
 enabled: off

 - Do not remove an entry from the filters.yml to disable a filter; symfony would throw an exception in this case.
 - Add your own declarations somewhere in the chain (usually after the security filter) to add a custom filter (as discussed in the next section). Be aware that the rendering filter must be the first entry, and the execution filter must be the last entry of the filter chain.
 - Override the default class and parameters of the default filters (notably to modify the security system and use your own security filter).
tip
The enabled: off parameter works well to disable your own filters, but you can deactivate the default filters via the settings.yml file, by modifying the values of the web_debug, use_security, cache, and use_flash settings. This is because each of the default filters has a condition parameter that tests the value of these settings.
Building Your Own Filter
It is pretty simple to build a filter. Create a class definition similar to the one shown in Listing 6-30, and place it in one of the project's lib/ folders to take advantage of the autoloading feature.
As an action can forward or redirect to another action and consequently relaunch the full chain of filters, you might want to restrict the execution of your own filters to the first action call of the request. The isFirstCall() method of the sfFilter class returns a Boolean for this purpose. This call only makes sense before the action execution.
These concepts are clearer with an example. Listing 6-33 shows a filter used to auto-log users with a specific MyWebSite cookie, which is supposedly created by the login action. It is a rudimentary but working way to implement the "remember me" feature offered in login forms.
Listing 6-33 - Sample Filter Class File, Saved in apps/myapp/lib/rememberFilter.class.php
class rememberFilter extends sfFilter
{
 public function execute($filterChain)
 {
 // Execute this filter only once
 if ($this->isFirstCall())
 {
 // Filters don't have direct access to the request and user objects.
 // You will need to use the context object to get them
 $request = $this->getContext()->getRequest();
 $user = $this->getContext()->getUser();

 if ($request->getCookie('MyWebSite'))
 {
 // sign in
 $user->setAuthenticated(true);
 }
 }

 // Execute next filter
 $filterChain->execute();
 }
}
In some cases, instead of continuing the filter chain execution, you will need to forward to a specific action at the end of a filter. sfFilter doesn't have a forward() method, but sfController does, so you can simply do that by calling the following:
return $this->getContext()->getController()->forward('mymodule', 'myAction');
note
The sfFilter class has an initialize() method, executed when the filter object is created. You can override it in your custom filter if you need to deal with filter parameters (defined in filters.yml, as described next) in your own way.
Filter Activation and Parameters
Creating a filter file is not enough to activate it. You need to add your filter to the filter chain, and for that, you must declare the filter class in the filters.yml, located in the application or in the module config/ directory, as shown in Listing 6-34.
Listing 6-34 - Sample Filter Activation File, Saved in apps/myapp/config/filters.yml
rendering: ~
web_debug: ~
security: ~
remember: #