text:
Some social and literary aspects in Zambian popular music : The case of Serenje Kalindula band
Sichinga, Willy Geas
MetadataShow full item record
The research was on some social and literary aspects of popular music in Zambia, giving a case study of Serenje Kalindula Band and the Kalindula genre. Kalindula music became popularized in the late 1970's when the electric guitar and other Western instruments were introduced to enhance it. Kalindula popular music flourished given the political environment that existed under the rule of the first Republican President Dr. Kenneth Kaunda who made a policy that Zambia national broadcasting corporation (ZNBC) was to play 95% of Zambian music on both Television and Radio. From this background, the author aimed to investigate some social and literary aspects that characterized this kind of popular music. Also the critical role of people like Alick Nkhata and their contribution to the popular music in Zambia was examined. This was important because most of the previous studies in music centred on tradition music. Furthermore, this research was to specifically review aspects of value, function, theme as well as other literally studies in the selected song texts of the Kalindula popular genre. To successfully conduct the research, the author was informed by both primary and secondary sources. For instance, published works from libraries were consulted. Also, Newspapers like the Post made weekly publications of music reviews which proved very helpful to the research. The Internet rendered valuable information in the study of Zambian popular music especially the interviews carried over it involving personalities like Chisha Folotiya. Chisha Folotiya is proprietor of Mondo Music Corporation, a recording company in Zambian popular music. The author equally conducted interviews with different people and as was found appropriate. One such interview was that done in Mufulira with one surviving and founder member of Serenje Kalindula Band, Wisdom 'Destroyer' Nkandu. As a resident of Serenje district, where the Serenje Kalindula Band had its ethnic inclination, the author through participatory observation gained insights into cultural values of Kalindula music among the natives of Serenje and Mkushi. Tapes by Serenje Kalindula Band were vital in transcribing song texts on which the research was based. Descriptive approach was used to write the research report. The research revealed a number of trends that characterized Zambian popular music, especially Kalindula genre under study. Revelations hinted on social and literally aspects of Kalindula popular music. For instance, the music was shown to express feelings and attitudes towards the economic and social crisis experienced by Zambians at that time. Serenje Kalindula Band composed songs to sing about these bad times and urged government and political leadership to alleviate the suffering of the Zambian citizenry. Also, both the music and dance point to the ethno music of the Lala people of Serenje and Mkushi districts. The literally aspects were found to characterize African sang poetry. This is poetry composed in free verse and is repetitive. The investigation showed that Kalindula popular music competed well as national music. The popular genre proved relevant to the Zambian society and depicted literature as it pertains to society. Among the recommendations is the need for the government to support old guards of Zambian popular music like Wisdom Destroyer Nkandu, the only surviving member of Serenje Kalindula Band, in their quest to propagate to the youth and the nation at large Kalindula as a popular genre. This would be necessary so that cultural values in the nation continue to be upheld.


text:
- For Teachers
Are the following questions (B:) natural if we ask someone to repeat something we don't hear it or understand it?
A: Do you like bungee jumping?
B: Do I like what?
A: Have you been to Norwich?
B: Have I been to where?
A: Have you tried bungee jumping?
B: Have I tried what?
They only work, of course, if the only part of the sentence you didn't hear or understand was the end.
If you misheard a different part of a sentence, you would ask a different question (or simply say "Pardon?")
Have you ever spotted Bill Clinton?
Have I ever whatted Bill Clinton?
Note that "to what" is obviously not a verb but in BrE you might hear it used only in that context.
Remember - correct capitalisation, punctuation and spacing make posts much easier to read.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


JSR-308 and the Checker Framework Add Even More Typesafety to jOOQ 3.9
Java 8 introduced JSR-308, which added new annotation capabilities to the Java language. Most importantly: Type annotations. It is now possible to design monsters like the below:
The code displayed in that tweet really compiles. Every type can be annotated now, in order to enhance the type system in any custom way. Why, you may ask? One of the main driving use-cases for this language enhancement is the Checker Framework, an Open Source library that allows you to easily implement arbitrary compiler plugins for sophisticated type checking. The most boring and trivial example would be nullability. Consider the following code:
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
class YourClassNameHere {
 void foo(Object nn, @Nullable Object nbl) {
 nn.toString(); // OK
 nbl.toString(); // Fail
 if (nbl != null)
 nbl.toString(); // OK again
 }
}
The above example can be run directly in the Checker Framework live demo console. Compiling the above code with the following annotation processor:
javac -processor org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.NullnessChecker afile.java
Yields:
Error: [dereference.of.nullable] dereference of possibly-null reference nbl:5:9
That's pretty awesome! It works in quite a similar way as the flow sensitive typing that is implemented in Ceylon or Kotlin, for instance, except that it is much more verbose. But it is also much much more powerful, because the rules that implement your enhanced and annotated Java type system can be implemented directly in Java using annotation processors! Which makes annotations turing-complete, in a way ;-)
award
How does this help jOOQ?
jOOQ has shipped with two types of API documentation annotations for quite a while. Those annotations are:
 - @PlainSQL – To indicate that a DSL method accepts a "plain SQL" string which may introduce SQL injection risks
 - @Support – To indicate that a DSL method works either natively with, or can be emulated for a given set of SQLDialect
An example of such a method is the CONNECT BY clause, which is supported by Cubrid, Informix, and Oracle, and it is overloaded to accept also a "plain SQL" predicate, for convenience:
@Support({ CUBRID, INFORMIX, ORACLE })
@PlainSQL
SelectConnectByConditionStep<R> connectBy(String sql);
Thus far, these annotations were there only for documentation purposes. With jOOQ 3.9, not anymore. We're now introducing two new annotations to the jOOQ API:
 - org.jooq.Allow – to allow for a set of dialects (or for the @PlainSQL annotation) to be used within a given scope
 - org.jooq.Require – to require for a set of dialects to be supported via the @Support annotation within a given scope
This is best explained by example. Let's look at @PlainSQL first
Restricting access to @PlainSQL
One of the biggest advantages of using the jOOQ API is that SQL injection is pretty much a thing of the past. With jOOQ being an internal domain-specific language, users really define the SQL expression tree directly in their Java code, rather than a stringified version of the statement as with JDBC. The expression tree being compiled in Java, there's no possibility of injecting any unwanted or unforeseen expressions via user input.
There is one exception though. jOOQ doesn't support every SQL feature in every database. This is why jOOQ ships with a rich "plain SQL" API where custom SQL strings can be embedded anywhere in the SQL expression tree. For instance, the above CONNECT BY clause:
DSL.using(configuration)
 .select(level())
 .connectBy("level < ?", bindValue)
 .fetch();
The above jOOQ query translates to the following SQL query:
SELECT level
FROM dual
CONNECT BY level < ?
As you can see, it is perfectly possible to "do it wrong" and create a SQL injection risk, just like in JDBC:
DSL.using(configuration)
 .select(level())
 .connectBy("level < " + bindValue)
 .fetch();
The difference is very subtle. With jOOQ 3.9 and the Checker Framework, it is now possible to specify the following Maven compiler configuration:
<plugin>
 <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
 <version>3.3</version>
 <configuration>
 <source>1.8</source>
 <target>1.8</target>
 <fork>true</fork>
 <annotationProcessors>
 <annotationProcessor>org.jooq.checker.PlainSQLChecker</annotationProcessor>
 </annotationProcessors>
 <compilerArgs>
 <arg>-Xbootclasspath/p:1.8</arg>
 </compilerArgs>
 </configuration>
</plugin>
The org.jooq.checker.PlainSQLChecker will ensure that no client code using API annotated with @PlainSQL will compile. The error message we're getting is something like:
C:\Users\lukas\workspace\jOOQ\jOOQ-examples\jOOQ-checker-framework-example\src\main\java\org\jooq\example\checker\PlainSQLCheckerTests.java:[17,17] error: [Plain SQL usage not allowed at current scope. Use @Allow.PlainSQL.]
If you know-what-you're-doing™ and you absolutely must use jOOQ's @PlainSQL API at a very specific location (scope), you can annotate that location (scope) with @Allow.PlainSQL and the code compiles just fine again:
// Scope: Single method.
@Allow.PlainSQL
public List<Integer> iKnowWhatImDoing() {
 return DSL.using(configuration)
 .select(level())
 .connectBy("level < ?", bindValue)
 .fetch(0, int.class);
}
Or even:
// Scope: Entire class.
@Allow.PlainSQL
public class IKnowWhatImDoing {
 public List<Integer> iKnowWhatImDoing() {
 return DSL.using(configuration)
 .select(level())
 .connectBy("level < ?", bindValue)
 .fetch(0, int.class);
 }
}
Or even (but then you might just turn off the checker):
// Scope: entire package (put in package-info.java)
@Allow.PlainSQL
package org.jooq.example.checker;
The benefits are clear, though. If security is very important to you (and it should be), then just enable the org.jooq.checker.PlainSQLChecker on each developer build, or at least in CI builds, and get compilation errors whenever "accidental" @PlainSQL API usage is encountered.
Restricting access to SQLDialect
Now, much more interesting for most users is the ability to check whether jOOQ API that is used in client code really supports your database. For instance, the above CONNECT BY clause is supported only in Oracle (if we ignore the not so popular Cubrid and Informix databases). Let's assume you do work with Oracle only. You want to make sure that all jOOQ API that you're using is Oracle-compatible. You can now put the following annotation to all packages that use the jOOQ API:
// Scope: entire package (put in package-info.java)
@Allow(ORACLE)
package org.jooq.example.checker;
Now, simply activate the org.jooq.checker.SQLDialectChecker to type check your code for @Allow compliance and you're done:
<plugin>
 <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
 <version>3.3</version>
 <configuration>
 <source>1.8</source>
 <target>1.8</target>
 <fork>true</fork>
 <annotationProcessors>
 <annotationProcessor>org.jooq.checker.SQLDialectChecker</annotationProcessor>
 </annotationProcessors>
 <compilerArgs>
 <arg>-Xbootclasspath/p:1.8</arg>
 </compilerArgs>
 </configuration>
</plugin>
From now on, whenever you use any jOOQ API, the above checker will verify that any of the following three yields true:
 - The jOOQ API being used is not annotated with @Support
 - The jOOQ API being used is annotated with @Support, but without any explicit SQLDialect (i.e. "works on all databases")


text:
Methadone-induced Hyperhidrosis Treated With Oxybutynin
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
OBJECTIVES: This case report aims to help healthcare providers and methadone clinic patients to recognize one of the less recognized adverse effects of methadone, hyperhidrosis, and to suggest oxybutynin as a possible solution. METHODS: A 35-year-old man on methadone maintenance therapy presented with excessive sweating, which began promptly after methadone was introduced. Urine toxicology was conducted every 2 weeks to rule out other illicit substances that may have contributed to the sweating. RESULTS: Oxybutynin (5 mg PO QID) resulted in cessation of the methadone-induced hyperhidrosis within 2 days of starting the medication. CONCLUSIONS: Methadone-induced excessive sweating is an adverse effect of the medication that reportedly affects up to 45% of those prescribed methadone, and oxybutynin is a potent treatment for methadone-induced excessive sweating.
Hong, J., Lee, J., Totouom-Tangho, H., Dunn, N., & Swift, R. (2017). Methadone-induced Hyperhidrosis Treated With Oxybutynin. Journal of Addiction Medicine, 11 (3), 237-238. _URL_

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Are you allowed to go 10% above the speed limit?
What is the 'rule'? The 'rule' itself is quite straightforward: if the speed limit is (for example) 30mph, the rule states that you won't get a speeding ticket unless you are going 10% plus 2 mph faster than the limit.
How many miles per hour can you go over the speed limit?
There is a misconception that as long as people stay within five miles per hour (mph) over the speed limit, they are within the law, but this is not true. Drivers cannot go any mph over the posted limit and must obey speed limits at all times or they may receive a fine from a police officer.
What happens if you drive over 100 mph UK?
Driving at 100mph on public roads in the UK is classified as a Band C speeding offence – the highest category. So, drivers caught at this speed will receive a summons to a magistrates' court rather than a fixed penalty notice. If you're convicted, you can be given six points on your driving licence.
How much over speed limit can you go UK?
Can I break the speed limit to overtake? Short answer, no! Despite the higher thresholds of speed cameras in some areas of the UK – you should never go beyond the speed limit. For example, if you're travelling 31mph in a 30 limit or 71mph on a motorway, you're in fact breaking the law and could receive a charge.
Can you go 10 over the speed limit in Georgia?
In Georgia, a speeding citation can result in a number of possible consequences. … $25 for driving > 5 mph over < 10 mph over the speed limit. $100 for driving > 10 mph over < 14 mph over the speed limit. $125 for driving > 14 mph over < 19 mph over the speed limit.
Can you go 10 over the speed limit in Florida?
The fines can range from how fast you went over the speed limit in Florida. … A driver could face a fine of $118 to $151 and three points on their license. 10 MPH to 14 MPH over the speed limit: Usually ticketed for speeding. A driver could face a fine of $193 to $226 and three points on their license.
Is it legal to go 5 over the speed limit in Washington state?
Washington's basic speeding law prohibits driving at a "speed greater than is reasonable and prudent under the conditions and having regard to the actual and potential hazards then existing." In other words, motorists must always drive at a safe speed.
Is going over 100 mph an instant ban?
While the answer to the question "is driving over 100 mph an instant ban?" is no, you need to understand that you are still at the risk of a driving disqualification in such a situation.
Is over 100 mph an automatic ban?
If you have been caught speeding over 100mph, in most circumstances this arises on a motorway where the speed limit will be 70mph. In these types of cases, the Court has the power to impose a driving ban of 7 to 56 days or 6 penalty points.
Can you go to jail for speeding UK?
Can I go to prison for speeding? As can be seen from the list above, the courts cannot send you to prison for a speeding offence alone. The maximum penalty for speeding is a fine and penalty points or a driving disqualification.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Dead Neck Sampsons Island Dredging/Renourishment Project—Restoring and Protecting Shorebird Habitat
Mass Audubon is seeking regulatory approval to restore coastal bird habitat on Dead Neck Sampsons Island.
What is the project?
Mass Audubon and Three Bays Preservation are seeking permits to restore coastal bird habitat on Dead Neck Sampsons Island by renourishing important nesting areas on the island. Dead Neck has been the site of many renourishment projects over the past 30 years. Sand that has been deposited on Dead Neck has eroded over the years and been carried westward to accrete at the western end of Sampsons Island. Renourishment will restore eroded nesting habitat for vulnerable shorebirds and strengthen the island against breaching. The dredging will restore the channel between the island and Cotuit which has filled in and has required dredging several times previously since the 1930s.
Why is Mass Audubon a proponent?
Mass Audubon works to protect the nature of Massachusetts. Mass Audubon's Coastal Waterbird Program protects vulnerable populations of shorebirds on approximately 160 beaches in the state (more than 70 mi of coastline) through partnerships with private landowners and with local and state agencies. We protect about 40% of the piping plovers nesting in the state and about 50% of the least terns—both of these species are listed under the Massachusetts Endangered Species Act. Restoring habitat on the island will advance our objectives in bird conservation.
Who owns Dead Neck Sampsons Island?
Sampsons Island is owned by Mass Audubon having been given to us in the 1940s to be protected as a "as a tern sanctuary." Dead Neck is owned by Three Bays Preservation and is managed under a conservation restriction for "bird protection… and conservation purposes." Only about 10 of the 160 beaches that Mass Audubon protects are owned by Mass Audubon and therefore we have a relatively rare opportunity and strong obligation to protect nature on our own properties to exemplary standards.
How will the project serve to protect birds?
The dredging and renourishment project proposed by our two organizations will restore and protect habitat for coastal birds. Nourishment of Dead Neck will 1) restore acres of open sand habitat for nesting birds, 2) provide a sand source to widen the Nantucket Sound beach over approximately 5-10 years, and 3) protect the island from breaching. Protecting the island from breaching is critical to maintaining Dead Neck Sampsons Island as an island relatively isolated from mainland ground predators. Breaching is predicted to result in disintegration of the island, and cause the remainder of Dead Neck to join with Oyster Harbors; the remainder of Sampsons Island would attach to Cotuit. The project proposes to increase nesting and productivity through habitat restoration as described, and also through vegetation, predator and disturbance management.
What information is used to predict the outcomes of the project?
Coastal geologists are working on the project to direct the design. In addition, a similar project took place on the island in 2000 which produced desired outcomes. When a similar volume of material was placed on Dead Neck in 2000, we documented a dramatic increase in nesting terns and over time, increased abundance of nesting plovers as the south coast of the island widened. As that material drifted toward Sampsons Island and accreted, the number of pairs of all species declined again, and productivity also declined as the smaller nesting areas became more vulnerable to predators and storm overwash.
Have alternative designs been considered?
Alternative sources of sand for renourishment have been considered including a mainland source, other maintenance dredging in the area, and off-shore mining. All of these are less environmentally sound and more expensive than the proposed project. Sediments used to renourish Dead Neck must be compatible with existing sediment to provide new, safe nesting habitat. For example, incompatible sediment coming from an upland site might cause water to puddle which would create a hazardous nesting site for birds. No other channels in the region are available for dredging having been used in previous projects to strengthen the island. Off-shore mining from natural shoals is known to reduce habitat for sea ducks and other animals.
Finally, the coastline of Barnstable has been altered significantly through groins and shoreline armoring. These alterations have reduced the movement of sand from land to the coastline and caused some areas of the coast to be starved of sand leading to significant erosion such as at Dead Neck. Because of the movement of sand along the coast, Sampsons Island has accreted greatly over the past several decades. The project design replaces the sand from Sampson's Island "upstream" to Dead Neck which provided the source of sand through previous renourishment projects. Adding additional "external" sand to the project through off-shore mining or from mainland sources would increase the need to dredge Cotuit channel to keep it from closing. The project is considered to take advantage of a closed sand transport system with sand being back-passed from Sampsons Island to its original source.
What are possible adverse effects of the project and how will they be mitigated?
In designing the project and through the permitting process we have considered possible adverse effects to storm damage protection, marine fisheries, shellfish, and coastal birds. We continue to solicit comments from the public and experts to avoid and minimize possible adverse effects. We anticipate that perhaps up to three nesting territories of plovers will be displaced through the removal of sand, however, based on prior projects we expect to gain 15 or more new nesting territories through habitat restoration and enhancement.
What's at stake?
Dead Neck Sampsons Island has provided habitat to rare coastal birds for decades. It is the most important site for plovers on the southern Massachusetts coast west of Monomoy. In addition, large numbers of least and common terns have nested on the island historically. The endangered roseate tern has nested on the island and uses foraging habitats near the island to prepare for migration. Mass Audubon and Three Bays Preservation are dedicated to restoring habitat on the island to continue protection to these vulnerable coastal bird species.


text:
Robust Bayesian models are appealing alternatives to standard models, providing protection from data that contains outliers or other departures from the model assumptions. Historically, robust models were mostly developed on a case-by-case basis; examples include robust linear regression, robust mixture models, and bursty topic models. In this paper we develop a general approach to robust Bayesian modeling. We show how to turn an existing Bayesian model into a robust model, and then develop a generic computational strategy for it. We use our method to study robust variants of several models, including linear regression, Poisson regression, logistic regression, and probabilistic topic models. We discuss the connections between our methods and existing approaches, especially empirical Bayes and James–Stein estimation.
"A General Method for Robust Bayesian Modeling." Bayesian Anal. 13 (4) 1163 - 1191, December 2018. _URL_


text:
PhD candidate Widhya Nugroho Satrioajie
Fish aggregation devices (FADs) have been used by tuna fishers in Indonesian waters since the 1980s. FADs increase the efficiency of fishing activities and may lead to an increase in fishing pressure on tuna stocks and the pelagic ecosystem. The high demand on the international markets is an incentive for an increase in fishing pressure and may lead to an excessive use of FADs. This research aims to study the dynamics of FADs utilization by fishers and tuna as a basis for sustainable management of tuna.
This study will describe the fishery system of tuna fishing such as the classification of FADs, the actual density of FADs and the total number fishers making use of them in an area, where these information are essential to evaluate the uncertainty of the status and characteristic as well as total fishing effort of this fishery. In order to maximize the long term catch rate, fishers go to the certain network of FADs by implementing their tactics to make the best scenario on exploiting FADs. Their knowledge of fishing patterns and practices around FADs are important factors in dealing with the catch variability. To install and place FADs in certain locations, fishers have to decide their strategies for a long-term effort allocation that may be directed more by operational constraints than by their knowledge of tuna behaviour.
The information of fish behaviour around FADs is necessary to understand the role of FADs regarding the resources by (i) analysing the movement dynamics of tuna in and out of the eastern Indonesia and (ii) determining factors of the rate of tuna biomass build up around a FAD. Information of species composition and the catch amount from the fishers will be used to ascertain the fish biomass and fishing consequences toward biodiversity around FADs. All information of the research findings can be used to support the basis of sustainable management of tuna.
The main objective of the research is to generate and evaluate the utilization of FADs by tuna fishers including fishing mechanisms (practices) and tuna behaviour around FADs.
1. What are the characteristics of the fishers who associated to FADs?
2. What are the fishing tactics of tuna purse seiners around FADs?
3. What are the fishing strategies of tuna purse seiners around FADs?
4. What is the fish behaviour under FADs?


text:
DIPLOMA ESPAÑOL DE LENGUA EXTRANJERA – DELE
Spain's Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport granted the DELE Spanish Diplomas that accredit the competence and the mastery of the Spanish language. Universidad de Salamanca in Spain designs the exams and is in charge of the reformation and the assessment while the exams organize by The Instituto Cervantes at various centers.
Following exams are various levels exams conducted under DELE.
- DELE A1, A2, B1, B2, C1 & C2
- DELE Schools : A1, A2/B1
Upcoming DELE Exams
NOVEMBER EXAM :
Date: Friday 22nd November
Levels: A1, A2/B1 for Young Learners.
Date: Saturday 23rd November
Levels: A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2
Enrollment until 9th October.


Sheep on Romney Marsh
The original Romney Marsh sheep were developed on low lying land in Kent and Sussex, adjoining the English Channel. The area was, and still is, exposed and isolated, so that a hardy breed of sheep was produced requiring the minimum of attention.
The breed expanded over the rest of the South East of England and became known as Kent Sheep. It then spread all over the world and the name Romney came into general use. The vast sheep industries of New Zealand and many other countries had their origin in the Romney sheep. For this reason, it is often referred to as 'the best-known sheep in the world'.
It is said that the first sheep were brought to Britain by the Phoenicians sometime between 800 and 500 BC. Certainly, the Romans brought sheep with them when they invaded Britain in 43AD but it is not clear whether they had them on Romney Marsh, as Winchester was the centre of their wool industry.
Sheep have grazed the marshes for centuries, the quality of its pastures is renowned. By 14th century England's most important commodity for internal trade and export was wool. This continued until in the 16th century when wool prices in England fell forcing traders to export more to the continent.
Romney Marsh Sheep Coin
Falklands Island Stamp Sheep
Romney Marsh Sheep on Falklands Island Coin & Stamp
But in 1660 a bill was passed preventing traders from exporting. With a long sea coast facing France there had always been a history of smuggling on Romney Marsh but the introduction of the Wool Acts of 1660 & 1699 led to an increase, especially on Romney Marshes. Incidents of smuggling continued to escalate in the 18th & 19th centuries until the government made a concerted effort to suppress it.
In l939 there were some 200,000 sheep on the marsh, but during World War II the sheep were sent away to the hill farmers in Yorkshire and the numbers of sheep on the marshes were halved, arable farming increased four-fold to 15,000 acres and this trend continues with the exception of areas that are Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) or Nature Reserves.
For centuries the raising of sheep for the wool market was the most important part of the trade of Romney Marsh. The Romney (originally called Romney Marsh) is one of the oldest known sheep breeds, with its origins having been traced back more than 700 years to the 13th Century and possibly earlier.
A Romney Sheep
The Romney Sheep
The plague in 1346, the Black Death had a major effect on sheep farming on Romney.
History of the Romney Breed
 - The Romney breed became indigenous ie native to the Romney Marsh in c 13th century.
 - In the middle ages, the English woollen industry was the most important export commodity
 - The Romney was recognised as a pedigree breed in England in 1896.
 - The Romney is known as a "semi long-wool" sheep, an efficient grazier with a good return on meat and wool.
 - Dual purpose breed bred both for wool and meat and exported around the world.
 - In the late years of the 20th century the breed was considered old fashioned, pushed aside by continental breeds.
 - Re-established their place in the 21st century farming.
The Romney sheep has the highest quality of fleece on any native British breed of sheep. The fleeces have long, crimped staples which are easy to spin and soft enough to use in the production of clothing.
Romney Lambs
Romney Lambs
Picture of the Romney Marsh Ram taken from an old cigarette card
The text reads:
'Exceptional hardiness and adaptability to all conditions are
characteristics of this mutton breed which by careful
crossing and selection has been produced
to thrive on thecoastward
pastures of Britain.
The wool is close and good,
and the animal fattens rapidly'.
Romney Marsh Ram
The Romney Breed
Romney sheep are a hardy and adaptable English lowland breed, being a familiar site on their indigenous areas of the Romney Marsh and lowlands of the south east coast of Kent and Sussex, England. They are a dual purpose breed, bred for both their wool and meat.
The geographic and climatic conditions on Romney Marsh led to the development of specific characteristics in the breed. These traits include black hooves resistant to footrot, resistance to internal parasites, excellent fertility and milking/mothering ability, fleeces that withstand high rainfall and a constitution that tolerates harsh, wet conditions.
Romney was developed from the native European white-faced, long-tailed sheep and took its name from the low-lying Romney Marsh area. By 1800 it was recognised as "Romney Marsh" or "Kent" and the breed's quality improved with Leicester blood. It was recognised as a pedigree breed in 1896.
Romney Marsh sheep have white faces and a heavy fleece, and being big framed sheep they are a dual-purpose breed, providing excellent meat as well as wool. While the meat is renowned for its flavour, the fleece uniquely combines several important traits - being lustrous and hanging in separate locks. High yielding and easily spun, the wool clip from the pure-bred Romney flock is sought for many commercial products, ranging from sweaters to carpets. The fleece is also especially attractive to handspinners.
Romney Sheep and Lambs
Romney Sheep and their lambs
Flocks on Romney Marsh were many times larger than those in other parts of Kent and in 1700 there were an estimated 160,000 sheep on the Marsh. Local men were employed to tend these flocks. These men became known as Lookers and are distinguished from shepherds by the fact that Lookers cared for sheep of more than one owner, whereas shepherds were employed by a single owner. The Lookers lived in the villages and had to travel some distance to tend the sheep. This necessitated the construction of sheephouses, known as Lookers' Huts.
Romney Wool
Romney Wool is a natural cream colour, semi-lustrous with a long staple, often used in knitting yarns, etc. The Axminster carpet company in Devon use Romney wool in their wool carpets.
Lanolin is a yellow waxy substance found in the sheep fleece. Lanolin's role in nature is to protect wool and skin against the ravages of climate and the environment. As a natural occurring fat in wool, it keeps the hands of sheep shearers and wool sorters so exceptionally soft. This makes lanolin a simple and natural product for Wool Fat Soap, first produced in the early 1930's. The soap, and related products, has many beneficial attributes, being it is gentle, rich and soothing and helps keep skin hydrated.
What Makes Wool So Special?
Wool is becoming a more popular choice as it is a renewable resource and a natural product. In Jan 2010 the Prince of Wales convened the 'Campaign for Wool' which aims to educate the world about the versatility and sustainability of wool. Wool represents only 5% of the Worlds Fibre production.
Woollen Industry
Romney provided the foundation for the English woollen industry, which was the most important export commodity in the Middle Ages. Their long, dense fleece was highly prized, leading to widespread wool smuggling from the 14th to the early 19th Centuries. Live sheep were exported to other continents, enabling Romney to become the world's second most economically important sheep breed and to be known as a dual purpose breed—bred for wool and meat.
Romney sheep were exported internationally early in the 19th Century when a shipment was sent to New Zealand. Today the breed is distributed throughout England, New Zealand, Australia, Patagonia, Canada, Brazil, Portugal, Falkland Islands and the United States. Hence the claim, "The sun never sets on Romney sheep." Romneys have made an easy transition to New Zealand, where they became quickly established and still remain the predominant breed.
Romney Sheep in New Zealand
The Romney Breed in New Zealand
Local Farmers
Paul and Kristina Boulden are 6th generation family farmers on the Romney Marsh. They run a mixed farm consisting of arable farming and a suckler herd as well as their Romney flock. The sheep graze on clover-rich pasture and this plays an important role in their arable rotation.They have approximately 1000 ewes lambing in March/April.
In 2008 Paul and Kristina decided to diversify and set up Romney Marsh Wools, with the vision 'To Capture the spirit of Romney Marsh by creating an opportunity to take home a part of history, with our quality natural wool and to pass it on from generation to generation.'
Find out more Website Link Monograph: Sheep-keeping and Lookers' Huts on Romney Marsh
Website Icon Romney Sheep Breeders Association
Romney Marsh Wools


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, and how soon sperm are found, the procedure can take anywhere from minutes to hours.
How much does a sperm retrieval cost?
The cost of a sperm retrieval can depend on a number of different factors including the type of procedure being performed, the location of the procedure (i.e. in the office or in the operating room), how long the procedure takes, whether or not sperm are being used fresh or will be frozen for later use.
Office procedures performed under straight local anesthesia do not require the cost of a surgical suite or a formal anesthesia team.
What happens if no sperm are found?
In cases of obstructive azoospermia, failure to obtain sperm is rare. In cases of non obstructive azoospermia, inability to retrieval sperm occurs in 20-80% of cases depending on the associated condition.
Not finding sperm is always a possibility and can be emotionally devastating to men and their partners. Couples should thoroughly discuss this with each other and their doctors well in advance of the procedure. If no sperm are found at the time of a sperm retrieval procedure, one option is to be prepared to use donor sperm as backup for assisted reproductive technologies such as IVF/ICSI. The decision to use donor sperm is a very personal one that individual couples need to address and prepare for PRIOR to surgery. If the use of donor sperm is not an option for couples, then adoption remains a viable option for family planning.
Links to Support Groups
American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM)
Reviewed: January 2011
Last updated: April 2013
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عنوان مقاله [English]
Increasing demand for water has challenged governments to manage water resources by optimizing and designing highly efficient hydraulic systems. One common water-management device is the weir which is used to modify the water-flow within rivers. Existing weirs are not typically responsive to water demand. Consequently, it would be advantageous if the water supply from these structures could be modified to meet fluctuating water demand. Therefore, new structures could replace existing structures or modifications could be made to current weirs to achieve this desired control. Candidate changes could include an extension of the weir crown or an opening up of the weir body to modify the flow. When the flow can pass over and under the structure, one of the proposed options is a combined culvert-weir, which also increases the sediment and flow rate. Choosing the appropriate overflow to achieve this goal is very important. In this research, the piano key weir has been used as the overflow of this combined structure due to its high performance. The innovative shape of a non-rectilinear weir, known as the Piano-Key weir PKW, increases the total effective crest length, escalating the discharge capacity of the weir. A PKW is a modified form of a labyrinth weir with the specific geometrical characteristics including inlet and outlet overhangs or inclined inlet and outlet keys floors, forming a new set of variables.
The experiments have been performed in hydraulic laboratory of Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani University. The tests were conducted in a rectangular channel with 10 m long, 0.6 m wide, and 0.75 m high. Models were built with galvanized sheet with 0.9 mm thickness. Laboratory models of the combined culvert-weir were examined by considering the varied height and length of the overflow, as well as the different openings for culverts. In addition, the performance of the culvert and piano key weir was investigated and compared with the combined structure. Experiments had been done in free flow conditions and in discharge range of 5 to 50 lit/s, for piano key weirs, culverts and combined culvert-weir structures. The geometry parameters of models are shown in Table (1) (Refer to fulltext of the paper).
The results indicated that in the PKW the discharge 25% and 12.5% is increased with %50 and 63% increasing in height and width of the weir respectively. Thus, the effect of the height on increasing the discharge of the weir is more considerable. In combined structures the effects of culvert opening are more than weir height. The results show that for a specific head, the discharge of combined structure is greater than the discharge of weir and culvert and the efficiency of combined structure is approximately 10% more than culvert and weir.
The results showed that in piano key weirs, the discharge coefficient decreases with the dimensionless ratio of head to the weir height and in the combined structure, this trend is increasing. Therefore, in situations where the flow rate is high and it is not possible to use a high piano key weir, a combined culvert-weir is a good option.


Definitions for ice bag
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word ice bag
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
ice′ bag'(n.)
 1. a waterproof bag filled with ice and applied to a part of the body, as to reduce pain or swelling.
 Category: Medicine
Origin of ice bag:
Princeton's WordNet
 1. ice pack, ice bag(noun)
 1. ice bag(Noun)
 A waterproof bag with a wide-mouthed stopper designed to hold ice, for service as an ice pack.
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Making Youth Work Work: A Toolkit - Section 6
SECTION 6 - Youth Workers are appropriately trained, qualified and competent
Many people think that youth work is easy: from the outside, its lack of formal structures and relaxed approach to working alongside young people looks pretty straightforward. But those who have done it for a longer time know that it involves a lot of really complex processes, a good understanding of how young people grow and develop, an ability to use conversation as a tool to help young people learn and a clear understanding of the boundaries between a professional relationship and friendship. Youth workers need to have a substantial toolkit of approaches and techniques to help them help young people get the most out of different situations. And, most importantly, they have to actually like young people and enjoy their company!
There is a tradition of professional training for youth work that goes back to the 19th century, and training now is based on regularly reviewed National Occupational Standards and approved Subject Benchmarks. There are different levels of qualifications available for youth workers, ranging from introductory training for those just starting out to degree and post-degree qualifications for those who want to make youth work their career.
The documents here help to explain youth work qualifications, and provide some examples of job descriptions for workers at different levels, to show how skills can be applied in different settings. More information on this can be found in the youth work training section of the Learning South West web-site.
Somerset Children and Young People's Workforce Matrix
Good Practice Guidelines in Delivering Youth Support Worker Qualifications
Youth Support Worker Job Description & Person Specification
Professional Youth Worker Job Description & Person Specification
National Youth Agency's Getting Qualified guidance
To see Section 7 of the Toolkit, click here


Gem Cutting Abrasives
"Compounds-1," diamond compounds, micron diamond powder, and felt bobs, by cpxmn is licensed under CC By-SA 2.0
Basically, grit, mesh, and micron are three different ways to measure particle size. For lapidaries, this is important because particle size defines the coarseness of gem cutting abrasives, such as polishes, cutting compounds, and laps.
What Do Grit, Mesh, and Micron Mean?
Grit refers to the size of particles embedded in an abrasive material. The higher the grit, the finer the abrasive. There are different standards for grit used internationally and by manufacturers. For example, just because a polish or compound is labeled as 14,000 grit doesn't mean that all its content is that size. It depends on the methods used to make and grade the compound. Some manufacturers use an average particle size and some use a "nothing larger than" standard, and so on. Read the label or ask the retailer if you're not sure of the standard used.
Mesh refers to the number of evenly spaced holes in a screen per square inch. This refers to a traditional technique used to winnow material through a series of screens with increasingly finer mesh sizes. Particles stopped by a screen of a particular mesh were measured by that mesh number.
Shopping Advice For Gem Cutting Abrasives
In general, the more expensive brands of gem cutting abrasives have better quality control for the sizing and grading of their polishes and compounds. You get what you pay for. Beware of very inexpensive abrasives. They're usually not graded well. It only takes one piece of grit the wrong size to scratch your gemstone and cause problems.
Grit, Mesh, And Micron Conversion Chart
Some of the grits described in the chart below are not commonly available in gem cutting abrasives for various reasons. Nonetheless, they're shown here for conversion purposes. For example, 60,000 grit is the conversion for 0.5 microns, but you'll almost never find it available. 50,000 grit is commonly used.
Grit (American Standard) Mesh Micron Comments
100,000 0-0.5 0.25 Very fine and not used often commercially. Mainly for contest cutting or hobby cutters. Seldom needed.
60,000 0-1 0.5 Seldom used. 50,000 grit is more common and used for polishing sapphire and other hard materials.
14,000 0-2 1 This is the standard commercial polish for sapphires, although I recommend going another step to 50,000.
13,000 1-2 1.5 Seldom used because it's so close to 14,000.
9,000 2-3 2.5 Seldom used because it's so close to 8,000.
8,000 2-4 3 This is my standard pre-polish for sapphires and other hard materials.
5,000 2-6 4 Seldom used.
4,500 4-6 5 Seldom used.
2,800 5-10 7 Seldom used. 3,000 is commonly used.
1,800 6-12 9 Seldom used.
1,400 8-20 14 Seldom used.
1,200 10-20 15 Seldom used.
1,050 12-25 18 Seldom used.
800 20-30 25 Seldom used.
600 20-40 30 Commonly used for charging copper laps. I prefer plated laps.
500 30-40 35 Seldom used.
325 40-50 45 Commonly used for charging copper laps. I prefer plated laps.
285 50-60 55 Seldom used.
240 60-80 70 Seldom used. 260 is commonly used for charging copper laps. I prefer plated laps.
225 80-100 90 Commonly used for charging copper laps. I prefer plated laps.
160 100-120 110 Seldom used.
100 120-160 150 Commonly used for charging copper laps. I prefer plated laps.


Sensory Weighting in a Rhythmic Ball Bouncing Task
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2015-07-24
Nickl, Robert
Ankaralı, Mustafa Mert
Cowan, Noah
The role of sensory information in walking remains unclear despite its relevance to understanding human locomotor deficits and as a source of insight for robotics. System identification experiments using sinusoidal perturbations of a visual scene have yielded insights into control of human standing posture [2]. We propose a framework through which similar techniques can be used to identify estimator and controller structures used by humans during rhythmic movement. A key challenge in translating these techniques to human walking is the high number of degrees of freedom involved. To address this, we examine paddle juggling (Figure 1) as a useful starting point to study control of rhythmic movements. Paddle juggling is much simpler than behaviors such as walking and running [1, 3] and yet preserves much of the essential nature of locomotion, such as its hybrid dynamical structure
Dynamic Walking (21 - 24 Temmuz 2015)
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Behavioral relevance of consciousness for human action: explorations with the simon task paradigm
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Citation Formats
R. Nickl, M. M. Ankaralı, and N. Cowan, "Sensory Weighting in a Rhythmic Ball Bouncing Task," presented at the Dynamic Walking (21 - 24 Temmuz 2015), Ohio, United States Of America, 2015, Accessed: 00, 2021. [Online]. Available: _URL_


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Under a deregulated environment, ancillary services (AS) are defined as the set of products separated from the energy production, which are related to security and reliability of a power system. Ancillary services can be classified in: (a) active power ancillary services (load–frequency control (LFC)—including primary control, automatic generation control (AGC), tertiary control, balancing service and black start provision) and (b) reactive power ancillary services (voltage control). The system operator is the entity responsible for the secure operation of the power system and in this way, the management of all the AS is considered a specific function of the system operator. Under a deregulated framework, ancillary services are separated from the energy production, and can be mandatory or remunerated under market-driven mechanisms. This paper overviews the management of ancillary services in the Spanish power system, including a detailed technical description of the services and the organization of the ancillary services markets. In addition, a comprehensive review of different optimization algorithms and tools used by the agents and system operator within the Spanish electricity business is presented.
Keywords: Ancillary services; VAR/voltage control; Load–frequency control (LFC); Automatic generation control (AGC); Power loss reduction; Optimal power
Electric Power Systems Research. Volumen: 78 Numero: 3 Páginas: 515-523
Publicado en papel: Marzo 2008.


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We have all seen numerous pictures on social media of messy eating babies with food smeared all over their faces and hands. While these pictures get an "awww" reaction out of us, the parents have a hard time cleaning up these messes.
I know many mothers cringe at the thought of offering potentially messy food to their little ones, fearing the aftermath. But let me put forth my case as to why it's ok to let your baby make a mess while eating. So the next time you see your little one flinging yogurt across the room or dropping yet another bowl of food from the high chair, you know you are actually helping his/her development in some way.
AZ Tuckerbox sent me the new Burp 'N Drool Tuckerbox, but the opinions expressed in this article are my own.
Benefits of Messy Eating
Messy eating promotes language development
A recent study shows the influence that the context of everyday activities such as mealtimes has on children's exploration, attention and word learning. When young children messily eat and explore food at each meal, they are learning both about individual foods and also about non solid substances. This aids in early word learning and language development.
This higher vocabulary generally correlates with a better executive function which means better ability to apply rules to situations and control behavior appropriately.
Messy eating leads to greater acceptance of food
A Reuters article highlighted a study that showed there may be an association between getting children to play with messy substances helping their food acceptance. The researchers suggested that playing with food may actually help kids overcome a fear of new flavors and eat a more varied diet.
The takeaway here is that as parents we need to approach eating as a hands-off approach, allowing our children to explore, touch and feel their food. This quenches their thirst for exploration and curiosity and generates a more positive association with the food they eat.
Messy eating promotes the development of gross motor skills and fine motor skills
From learning gross motor skills like sitting upright at the table to fine motor skills like managing to scoop up a spoonful of soup and bringing to mouth, all these skills involve getting messy in some way. So let them make a mess and learn along the way. You can guide them on how to sit at the table and use their forks and spoons. Then let them go ahead and experiment and use those muscles in their hands to become skilled at eating. Learning to use the spoon and fork is a key skill to becoming less messier eater down the road. Also, these skills are transferable to when they learn to write and color. Once they know how to eat with spoon and fork they are quick to learn how to hold color pencils and crayons correctly too.
Messy eating is a form of sensory play
Children eat their food with both hands, squishing at peas, smearing the soup across the table, licking it off their fingers, then going back to dipping their fingers in the soup for some more smearing.
While all this looks messy, what is happening at the brain level is something amazing. They are getting feedback from their food about different textures, volumes, and differentiation between solid foods and non solid foods. Learning about food through this type of sensory play is an exercise in exploration, curiosity and self feeding which ultimately helps build a positive environment around the food they eat.
Some foods are hot, some cold, some are sticky, some are smooth, some liquid and some hard to touch. Imagine the excitement they experience on using their senses to discover new flavors and textures of foods.
Read here to learn more about the importance of sensory play in child development.
Messy eating promotes independent eating
As I just mentioned in the point above getting messy while eating helps their curiosity which in turn promotes self feeding. Once they have touched and tasted the food, the sense of achievement they feel every time they can guide the spoon skilfully from bowl to their mouths is something else.
Okay, now these were some of the benefits of allowing children to get messy eating at the table. But you must be thinking, it's easy for you to say so, I am the one cleaning up after every meal.
I have been there! being a baby led weaning mom. Mess is a part of every meal time for us. Along the way, I have come up with a few strategies to reduce the mess. Let me tell you all about them.
Tips to reduce the mess
- Serve finger foods whenever possible. Pancakes, oats fingers, fruits are easy finger foods to offer a baby. Also reduces the number of messes to clean later.
- Make a thicker version of oats and dals that don't slide off the spoon easily. This helps them get good at scooping up the food in their spoons and aids initial learning of self feeding with spoons. Once they become skilled at it you can move on to smoother and thinner textures of liquid food.
- Lay a splash mat or newspapers on the floor. This catches most of the messes and reduces half the workload.
- Keep a spray bottle with natural cleaner or water at hand. Helps to wipe down the high chair easily.
- Use highchair and booster seats that are made of easy to clean materials. I highly recommend, Chicco Pocket Lunch Highchair especially because it has a large tray that helps limit the messes to the table and Fisher-Price Quick Clean N' Go Booster because it is made of easy to clean materials, lightweight and comes with a travel-friendly strap.
- Use bowls and plates with a suction base to minimize messes. Those who follow me on Instagram know how much I love my Avanchy bowl and plate set. This set is made of bamboo wood and comes with a silicone suction base. A boon for baby led weaning families.
- A new product I love is the AZ Tuckerbox bib and burp cloth set. The bibs help catch any messes my toddler makes when he eats. They come in stylish patterns and colors. I find them great to use especially when we travel outside, as they look like a part of his outfit and not like I put him in some sort of contraption and help with keeping his outfit clean.
The Burp 'N Drool Tuckerbox also comes with a burp cloth that is nice and big in size, easy to carry in the diaper bag and use it for cleaning those messy fingers on the go. The material used is soft cotton and washes well too. AZ Tuckerbox curates cool subscription boxes right from newborn stage to older kids and now moms too. Be sure to check them out, its a one of a kind unique service available to Indian mothers.
So go ahead let your little ones make some messes as they eat. Rest assured they are learning some great things along the way.
AZ Tuckerbox was kind enough to send me the new Burp 'N Drool Tuckerbox, but the opinions expressed in this article are my own.
This blog post contains affiliate links. These links provide me with a small percentage commission but don't cost you anything extra.


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The summer of 1916 delivered a major flood near Marion, North Carolina and sent some of its large rocks and boulders spinning downhill into the fields and pastures along side the road bed of highway #221. Nary a trace was left of many of the homes. Much of western North Carolina was devastated by the event, especially along the McDowell and Mitchell County line and down into North Cove. Flooded streets became raging streams and rivers. More than 80 people died. Hundreds of homes were destroyed as millions of dollars went down the drain.
Find your Ancestors Records on North Carolina Pioneers


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Why Güd is Better
This food container is made out of:
Bagasse - The fibrous residue that remains after sugarcane stalks are crushed for sugar extraction.
It has a temperature tolerance of up to 120°C.
Fewer greenhouse gasses are emitted when making this product compared to alternatives such as paper and plastic.
It leaves behind no toxins, harmful residues, and microplastics in the environment.
OK home compost (compostable within 12 to 18 months)
To learn more about Certifications, click here.


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You may have heard of development tools such as zoning and overlays, but do you know how they help shape our city?
Zoning is the main tool the City uses to help balance growth and create sustainable communities that meet the diverse, evolving needs of Edmontonians. Communities where everyone has access to the roads, parks, schools, shops and places to work that make our city a great place to live.
There are six main zones in Edmonton – residential, commercial, industrial, urban service, agriculture, and specialty areas – each containing a series of regulations that determine how land is used. Together, these regulations make up Edmonton's Zoning Bylaw.
The Zoning Bylaw controls what types of buildings are allowed to be built in certain areas, the height and basic shape of these buildings, and the types of activities or businesses allowed. This helps minimize conflicts and ensure that the places where we live, work and play fit together. For example, it's nice to have two houses next to each other but it's not so nice to have a loud, smelly factory next to a house.
Except for some specialty areas, such as Direct Control Provisions, the regulations in the Zoning Bylaw generally do not control the architectural style of buildings. The Zoning Bylaw does, however, contain overlays – a set of additional zoning rules applied to special areas around the city.
Overlays can add to or override the rules of underlying zones to help support a certain look or feel of a specific area. There are 16 overlays in Edmonton, including the Mature Neighbourhood Overlay (MNO).
Created in 2001, the MNO applies to Edmonton's mature and established neighbourhoods and helps new development fit in with existing older communities that feature tree-lined streets and smaller lots. The current MNO contains 24 regulations that modify the existing zoning, including more specific regulations for the amount of space between buildings and property lines, window placement and driveway locations, among other things.
With the recent influx of new development in our mature neighbourhoods, the City is reviewing the MNO to make sure it continues to meet our city's needs. The MNO review is action 17 on Edmonton's Infill Roadmap, the City's two-year work plan for advancing infill in Edmonton
For more information on development tools, including a new booklet on zoning, and the MNO, visit edmonton.ca/matureneighbourhoodoverlay.
This video and blog post is the first in our five-part Mature Neighbourhood Overlay (MNO) series. The series showcases the role zoning and the MNO play in shaping Edmonton's mature neighbourhoods.


Peace In Conflict Resolution
977 Words4 Pages
The ASEAN efforts toward peace Peace has always been among humanity's supreme values, especially essential elements of cooperation. It is considered as part of a dynamic social process and meaningful substance in definite relationship cooperation. Because the necessary precondition for trade, economic stability, and a rising prosperity is peace, both within and among countries have to prevent conflict, build a lasting peace, and give citizen security special relevance. Cooperation also needs peaceful environment to proceed and develop. When cooperative relationships are put in an atmosphere of great fear and uncertainty, it would not be facile to achieve the sustainable goals. Building and maintaining peace in the regional cooperation are the…show more content…
ASEAN applied the non-intervention policy to the Cambodian case through using indirect means of diplomacy, communication, and trade-offs to pressure into Cambodia and restrain member countries from the conflict. When a major player in the civil war, the Khmer Rouge guerrillas boycotted the national elections and the terms of a ceasefire was violated, ASEAN request all parties in Cambodia to assume full implementation of their obligations as outlined in the peace agreement. ASEAN declared the suspension of the admission of Cambodia into ASEAN until free and democratic elections can be held in Cambodia. Besides, the intermediate group, "Friends of Cambodia" was created with the participation of an ASEAN troika led by the foreign ministers of Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand for reconciling the confrontational situation in Cambodia between the Hun Sen government and the Khmer Rouge and restore democratic legitimacy to the government. Therefore, without the need for force, ASEAN played an important role in resolving the Cambodian conflict and helping to stabilize the region. Enforcement power utilized a direct and aggressive strategy may not effective to resolve the conflicts and disputes. Governments not only have to spend a large sum of money to develop military force and armaments but also get possibility of incurring the far greater costs during wartime. The horrible disadvantages of war that everyone must have known cause terrible human misery, so war should be used as a last resort when trying to solve international disputes. The humanitarian intervention as a viable strategy, the "ASEAN way", should be more
More about Peace In Conflict Resolution
Open Document


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The score and completion status sent back to an LMS can be registered in a number of different ways
1. 'Sets course completion' option ticked in the Assessment Results asset
- If the Is tracked assessment option is checked then the score will be sent back to the LMS at the end of the assessment
- If Sets course completion is NOT set then completion from a SCORM perspective will be determined by whether the learner visits every screen in every topic in the course.
- If Sets course completion IS set then completion status sent back to the LMS will be determined by the assessment results. This can be set as either Completed or Pass/Fail in the Type of course completion dropdown.
Note that if completion is determined by the assessment then a dummy, unreachable, screen or topic should be added to the gomo course to ensure that completion isn't also triggered by the learner visiting every page.
2. Learner visiting every screen in the project
3. 'Sets course completion' action added to an interactive asset e.g. Button, Image Button


Why is carbon often called building block of life?
Among all of the chemical elements, carbon has the greatest capacity to
bond to itself and to most other nonmetallic elements, especially nitrogen,
phosphorus, oxygen, sulfur, and hydrogen. This ability makes it the building
block of life as we know it, as carbon integrates itself with every element that helps to create or sustain life.


text:
Separating a solid from a liquid:
- separating a dense, insoluble solid from a liquid (pour away)
- separates insoluble solid + liquid (eg. sand + water)
- residue and filtrate will be collected
3. Evaporation to dryness (for substances which will not decompose upon heating)
- dissolved solid from a solution
- when we evaporate salt solution to dryness, we get the solid salt.
4. Crystalization (substances that will decompose upon heating)"
- separates a solution (soluble solid + liquid)
- water is removed by heating the solution
- heating is stopped at the stage when a hot saturated solution is formed.
- when cooled to room temp, the dissolved solid will be formed as pure crystals
- only if one of the solid is soluble and the other one is not.
- obtain the solid that sublimates
Separating a liquid from a solution:
- getting pure water from seawater
- water in at the bottom,
- water out at the top
- this is to ensure cooling is efficient
- the thermometer should not be dipped into the solution,
this is to ensure that it measures the bp of the substance that is being distilled.
2. Fractional distillation
- separates mixture of 2 miscible liquids(liquid with 2 diff. bp) (ethanol + water)
- obtain the liquid with the lower boiling point.
- there's a fractionating column where the glass beads in it provide a large surface area for the vapour to condense on,
- and also allow vapours of liquid with higher bp to condense and re-enter the round bottomed flask.
3. Separating funnel
- separates 2 immiscible liquid (oil + water)
- obtains oil and water separately
volatile = liquid that evaporates easily, low boiling point
- separates mixtures of…


Architecture + Design
This Nuclear-Powered Superyacht Is Longer Than the Titanic and Costs $700 Million
Designed to attract the best and brightest minds in exploring and combating climate change, the vessel plans to be a "science city" on the water
yacht in the water
Measuring 150 feet at its widest—almost the length of a football field—the sleek ship includes an extraordinary observation deck on the bow.All photos are courtesy of Iddes Yachts
A nuclear-powered gigayacht longer than the Titanic, with 22 state-of-the art laboratories and a 13-story "science sphere," might sound like the floating headquarters of a criminal mastermind. But Earth 300 is actually a revolutionary exploration vessel designed to investigate climate change and other challenges that face our planet. Designed by naval architect Iván Salas Jefferson, founder of Iddes Yachts, the 300-meter vessel has a radically aerodynamic look. It's been envisioned as an "extreme technology platform," incorporating robotics, AI, and quantum computing to attract the best and brightest minds from a wealth of fields. A Davos on water, if you will.
Such a bold vision doesn't come cheap—right now the price tag for the ship, being constructed by Polish naval architecture firm NED, hovers between $500 and $700 million. Designed to resemble Earth, the orb's "science city" will house top climate scientists, who will use the ship's state-of-the-art tech to develop innovative solutions.
The vessel is designed to house top climate scientists.
"We wanted to create a design that would inspire," Salas Jefferson said in a statement. "When one looks at the sphere, we want them to be inspired to protect Earth. When one walks into the sphere, now housing the science city, and feels the action of all the ongoing scientific works, we want them to be inspired to become an alchemist of global solutions."
Measuring 150 feet at its widest—almost the length of a football field—the sleek ship includes an extraordinary observation deck on the bow, a foredeck helipad to transport passengers to and from the vessel, and a selection of advanced underwater expedition vehicles for deep-sea exploration.
"The ship will introduce features found on cruise, expedition, research, and luxury yachts, but she will be none of them," said Aaron Olivera, Earth 300's chief executive. "We wanted to build the Olympic torch of global science, to expand our knowledge and understanding of the universe, both above and below the ocean's surface."
The orb is the most striking design element of the yacht.
The project's list of backers is impressive and includes IBM, Triton Submarines, EYOS Expeditions, and RINA, an international leader in maritime safety. TerraPower, the nuclear innovation company founded by Bill Gates, devised the technology for the onboard molten-salt reactor, which will provide zero-emissions energy.
Expected to launch in 2025, Earth 300 will have room for a complement of 160 scientists from a variety of disciplines, as well as 165 crew members and dozens of experts-in-residences and student researchers.
There will also be spots for 40 VIP guests, who will pay $3 million each for the privilege. That's more than 10 times the cost of a seat on Virgin Galactic. With so many looking spaceward, why develop a cutting-edge seafaring vessel?
"The oceans are dying," Salas Jefferson told Architectural Digest. "Having been born in Palma de Mallorca, I've seen it firsthand in the Mediterranean. Now is the time to reboot, reconnect, and redirect our planet's destiny. Our oceans keep us—and our planet—alive, and Earth 300's mission is to protect our oceans and ensure their health for generations to come." Space may be the future, Salas Jefferson says, but "today, Earth is our only home."


The Grammarphobia Blog
Bullies and bulldogs
Q: I came across someone who wonders if "bullying" has something to do with "bulldogs." Is there anything to this? Or is it just bull?
A: It's just bull, though the paths of the two words did cross at least once (more on this later).
"Bullying" and "bulldogs" aren't etymologically related. In fact, the word "bully" had nothing to do with what we now think of as "bullying" when it entered English in the 1500s.
The noun "bully" was originally "a term of endearment and familiarity" similar to "sweetheart" or "darling," according to the Oxford English Dictionary.
Although it was initially used for both men and women, the OED says, it was "later applied to men only, implying friendly admiration: good friend, fine fellow, 'gallant.' "
The origins of the word are fuzzy, but the dictionary suggests that it might have come from boel or buole, Dutch or Middle High German terms for a lover.
The earliest Oxford citation for the usage is from A Comedy Concernynge Thre Lawes, of Nature Moses, & Christ, Corrupted by the Sodomytes, Pharysees and Papystes (circa 1548), a morality play by John Bale, an Anglican bishop:
"The woman hath a wytt, / And by her gere can sytt, / Though she be sumwhat olde. / It is myne owne swete bullye, / My muskyne and my mullye." ("Muskyne" and "mullye" are obsolete terms of endearment.)
Here are a few examples from Shakespeare's plays:
"From my hart strings I loue the louely bully." (Henry V, c. 1600.)
"What saiest thou, bully, Bottome?" (A Midsummer Night's Dream, c. 1600.)
"Blesse thee my bully doctor." (The Merry Wives of Windsor, c. 1602.)
In the late 1600s, the term "bully" came to mean a "blustering gallant" or a "swashbuckler," according to the OED, though it now generally means "a tyrannical coward who makes himself a terror to the weak."
It's impossible to tell from the dictionary's examples when the swashbuckling sense of the noun evolved into the tyrannical sense.
But the verb "bully," which showed up in the early 1700s, was initially used in both the blustering and tyrannical senses—or, as the OED defines it, "to act the bully towards; to treat in an overbearing manner; to intimidate, overawe."
The OED's earliest example for the verb is from Samuel Palmer's Moral Essays on Some of the Most Curious and Significant English, Scotch and Foreign Proverbs (1710): "His poor neighbour is bully'd by his big appearance."
And here's an example in Google Books of the noun used in the tyrannical sense, from Tobias Smollett's 1775 novel The Expedition of Humphry Clinker:
"Then, it must be owned, he wants courage, otherwise he would never allow himself to be cowed by the great political bully, for whose understanding he has justly a very great contempt."
As for the noun "bulldog," it first showed up in the mid-1700s. (The OED has a questionable 1518 citation that refers to "two bolddogges," but it's unclear whether the animals were actually bulldogs.)
The dictionary defines the noun, which it hyphenates, as "a dog of a bold and fierce breed, with large bull-head, short muzzle, strong muscular body of medium height, and short smooth hair."
Oxford says the name of the dog is derived from the words "bull" and "dog." Why a bull? Because the dog was once used in bull-baiting—a "sport" in which a dog would lock its teeth onto the snout of a tethered bull.
The first clear "bulldog" citation in the OED is from a 1752 essay by David Hume: "The courage of bull-dogs and game-cocks seems peculiar to England."
The adjective "bully" (meaning admirable) showed up in the late 1600s. We discussed this usage in a blog post several years ago about the term "bully pulpit."
In the late 1800s, the adjective was also used to describe someone who looked like a bulldog—this is where the paths of "bully" and "bulldog" crossed.
The OED's sole example of the adjective used this way is from Mary Elizabeth Braddon's 1883 novel Phantom Fortune: "Angelina is bully about the muzzle." (Angelina is a fox terrier.)
Although the usage hasn't made it into the OED or standard dictionaries, many dog rescue groups use the term "bully breeds" to refer to such breeds as the American Staffordshire terrier, bull terrier, bulldog, and bullmastiff.
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text:
ROANOKE — The Sikorsky S-61 roared into the valley bottom, threading a dangling 3-ton jumble of logs between the power line and the trees. A hook was released, and the logs crashed into the dirt with a thud.
As a crew ran to the pile to pull cables out, the helicopter veered away toward the mountainside, where more logs lay waiting.
To the U.S. Forest Service, which managed this public-land timber sale, this aerial performance is a double victory -- a shining example of environmentally sensitive logging and the savior of a forest ravaged by gypsy moths.
"If not for the helicopter, those units would be left to die and fall down," said Russ MacFarlane, a Forest Service environmental coordinator.
SENSITIVE ISSUES AT STAKE.
The dangerous, rugged work of helicopter timber harvest could hardly have had a more scenic setting.
Uphill are the Blue Ridge Parkway and the Peaks of Otter. Just downhill is Jennings Creek. In between is the Jefferson National Forest's McJennings timber sale -- a saga of invasive pests, a rare salamander and the deep-running passions that surround the issue of how national forests should be managed.
The 179-acre timber sale was the subject of a lawsuit resolved in favor of the government in December.
Forest Service officials say the conflict illustrates a growing trend -- long battles with environmental groups that mean a quagmire of paperwork and an unhealthy decrease in logging. Environmental groups counter that the federal agency is too focused on logging, and some say they should abandon it altogether.
Increasingly, Jefferson National Forest professionals are looking to helicopters as a way to tread lightly on sensitive land, while still providing timber for everyday products such as flooring and furniture.
Hordes of hungry gypsy moths descended on this mountain in 2001 and again in 2002, chomping leaves and leaving many trees dead or dying. So the Forest Service began making plans for a salvage operation, aimed at removing dead and weak trees so healthy trees could sprout in their place.
GROUPS FIGHT IN COURT.
But two environmental groups, Appalachian Voices and Virginia Forest Watch, opposed the sale, first administratively and then in court. A key argument was that the sale didn't take enough steps to ensure that the Peaks of Otter salamander wouldn't be harmed.
The agency maintained that it did consider the salamander and its limited range.
The service won the lawsuit, and the operation began this spring.
For Forest Service officials, the lawsuits and the more common administrative appeals are an irritant. MacFarlane said a minority of citizens was gumming up a system that most of the public thought worked well. He said that meant they sometimes fought legal battles while furniture-quality wood rotted into little more than firewood. In that light, winning individual lawsuits might not be enough, he said.
Timber harvest in Jefferson National Forest has dropped from more than 30 million board feet in 1991 to about 4 million board feet in 2002.
For the environmental groups opposed to the sale, the flight of the Sikorsky represented a loss. Tammy Belinsky is an attorney for the Alabama-based environmental law firm WildLaw, and she represented the groups. She said the lawsuit was part of a larger effort to change the focus of public-forest management. Forest officials say many decisions are driven by wildlife and ecological concerns, but Belinsky said there was too much emphasis on timber and popular game animals.
"The Forest Service view clearly is of forest health from the perspective of timber production," Belinsky said.
Belinsky knows that helicopters mean fewer roads on logging jobs, but they also mean access to steep slopes that other methods couldn't reach. And, to her, the larger question of the future of public lands remains.
"Whether or not we can count on those public lands to provide habitat for all of those creatures ... is really questionable," she said.
PROTECTING PUBLIC ASSETS.
The helicopter operation itself is a specialized tool -- it's lighter on the land than other methods, but it's so expensive, it's generally used only on steep slopes that hold valuable timber.
Loggers fell the mix of oak, hickory, yellow poplar and basswood on the mountainside and cut it to length. Later, the helicopter flies in, lifts the logs without landing on the mountain and takes them to a drop area, where trucks wait to take the logs to a mill.
Forest Service Forester Hank Sloan said the helicopter cost $3,600 an hour. Used in Virginia national forests since 1994, Sloan said, helicopter logging is getting heavy consideration nowadays because of its low effect on the land.
About 15 percent of logging jobs in the George Washington and Jefferson national forests are now done by helicopter.
But helicopter logging is at the intersection of legal battles, millions of taxpayer dollars and deep questions about how a society interacts with the land.
A century ago, Virginia saw the reduction of its mountains to stump fields. Donna Wilson, Forest Service public-affairs officer, said the Jefferson National Forest had now become a coveted public asset.
"They were the lands nobody wanted," she said. "Now they're the lands that everybody wants."
And what about the trees that were ravaged by moths, fought over in the courts and flown out by helicopter?
They will become furniture, flooring and pallets. The mill pays the government $71,000 for the timber -- as well as the cost of helicopter and the trucking -- and still turns a profit from the processed lumber.
Lawyer Belinsky said environmental groups were simply availing themselves of a public process provided by law.
Forest Service professionals say the answer to spending more time managing the forest -- and less time fighting legal battles -- must come from Washington, D.C., not Botetourt County.
"We, at this level, cannot solve the problem," MacFarlane said.


text:
How to Make a Felted Ball
Felted balls are so fun to make! Use them as embellishments on projects, string them together for a garland, or use them as jewelry.
1. Pull off a small piece of wool from one or more colors of roving.
2. Gently pull fibers apart to fluff the wool. The finished ball will be about half the size of this fluff of wool.
3. Using palms of your hands, roll wool into loose ball; change direction often to make a round ball. Wind errant fibers around ball as evenly as possible to keep smooth.
4. Fill a small bowl with very warm water as hot as your hands can comfortably tolerate. Add a drop of liquid laundry or dish soap. Dip ball of wool into bowl of hot, soapy water.
5. Squeeze excess water out of ball.
6. Roll ball between palms of your hands like you would roll a ball of modeling clay. Roll it very gently to avoid forming large cracks or lumps that cannot be taken out. Let ball dry.


text:
After touring open houses in Fraser Valley's Agricultural Land Reserve (ALR), seeing the pent-up demand for detached housing in rural neighbourhoods first-hand didn't come as any surprise. Considering new listings for the month of August 2021 fell to their lowest count in over 20 years. It felt more like an auction, with waves of interested parties pulling up on the sprawling paved driveway through the grand entrance gates.
How can you not desire to live on 5 to 10 acres of your own farmland, to do with it what you will? A true Viking dream. The ALR is a "provincial land-use zone where agriculture is the priority use." It comprises 5% of BC's total land base and is the area with the greatest agricultural capacity.
When buying property in the ALR, along with a home inspection, it's recommended to get a well test, septic test, and soil/tissue sample. A plant tissue analysis is used to detect low nutrient levels in plants before they are seen by the human eye. The test results are an indicator of plant nutritional health and a basis for diagnosing whether existing problems are nutritional in nature.
There are a number of different uses for land in the ALR, which shows why such a high value is placed on properties within this zone. The possibilities for experimenting with new types of business are plenty. If the land is in the ALR, land uses are restricted and agriculture is the priority use, as stated in the Agriculture Land Commission Act and the Agriculture Land Reserve Regulations.
Here are some of the activities and use cases:
Farming and Ranching Activities
|Raising livestock (cattle, bison, sheep, goats, hogs, horses)||Berries|
|Livestock grazing||Tree Fruits|
|Poultry production (chicken, turkeys, waterfowl)||Vegetables (field, greenhouse)|
|Apiculture||Grains and oilseeds|
|Grapes||Ornamentals (floriculture, horticultural, nursery crops)|
Permitted Farm Uses
|Wineries & Cideries||Farm retail sales|
|Storage, packing & processing of farm products||Temporary or seasonal agri-tourism activities|
|Timber production, harvesting and silviculture||Agroforestry|
|Equestrian facilities||Production of compost with conditions|
|Application of soil amendments||Land development works for farm purposes|
Permitted Non-Farm Uses
|Home-based business||Aggregate extraction of less than 500 m3|
|Temporary sawmill subject to conditions||Conservation & passive recreation & open land parks|
|Pet kennels and breeding facilities||Education & research (not schools)|
|Production, storage and application of Class A compost||Force mains, trunk sewers, gas and water pipelines within an existing right of way|
|Production & development of biological products used in integrated pest management|


a small doming effect. DFT calculations are used to analyse the occurrence of reverse isotope shift ratios (ISR) in H/D substitution of the free-base tetrapyrroles, whereby the frequency ratio νH/νD is less than 1. The reverse ISR effect is found to be most evident in the out-of-plane bending modes (B2g and B3u symmetry) involving some N-H motion for the four molecules studied; porphyrin (H2P), tetraazaporphyrin (H2TAP), tetrabenzoporphyrin (H2TBP), and phthalocyanine (H2Pc). This effect was analysed by following the evolution of the normal mode frequencies with incremental variation of the H atom masses from 1 to 2 amu. This method allows direct, unambiguous mode correlations to be established between the light and the heavy isotopologues. When the NH(D) motion is predominant, the H to D frequency evolution decreases in a continuous manner for a particular normal mode. In the case of two modes of the same symmetry and whose frequencies are similar, their frequency evolutions could cross, depending on the extent of NH(D) motion involved in them. The evolution diagrams may show avoided crossings of various extents, which thereby reflects the degree of the NH(D) motion in the modes. The reverse ISR effect is directly correlated to these avoided crossings.
 Item Type: Thesis (PhD)
 Keywords: Electronic; Vibrational; Spectroscopy; Metal Phthalocyanines; Metal Phthalocyanine Chlorides; Low Temperature Solids;
 Academic Unit: Faculty of Science and Engineering > Chemistry
 Item ID: 10419
 Depositing User: IR eTheses
 Date Deposited: 10 Jan 2019 15:24
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 Use Licence: This item is available under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike Licence (CC BY-NC-SA). Details of this licence are available here
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text:
Creating a Plot Plan in Home Designer Pro
| Reference Number: KB-00576 Last Updated: 05-28-2014 12:57 PM
The information in this article applies to:
I would like to know how to create a plot plan in Home Designer Pro. How is this accomplished?
Once you have created a floor plan, you are probably ready to create your plot plan. Use the following procedure to learn how to create a basic plot plan, then take what you learn and apply it to your own design.
To begin creating a plot plan
- Launch Home Designer Pro, and select File> New Plan.
- Next, select CAD> Lines> North Pointer, then click and drag a North Arrow straight up in your floor plan view.
- Next, select CAD> Points> Place Point, and click one time to place a point to the lower left as a start point for the property line.
The entire property line may be relocated later, so don't worry about exactness at this time.
- Once the point is on the screen (it should look like an x), select CAD> Lines> Input Line to display the New CAD Line dialog.
- Click on the Num Style button to display the Number Style / Angle Style dialog, and make the following changes:
Note: These settings only apply to numbers displayed in the specification dialogs and status bar. They do NOT apply to objects display in plan and other view windows.
- Under Number Style, move the radio button to Decimal Feet.
- Under Angle Style, move the radio button to Quadrant Bearing.
- Click OK to return to the New CAD Line dialog.
- In the End Point section of the dialog, make the following selections:
- Click the radio button beside Relative to Start Point.
- Place a check in the box beside Polar.
- Next, using the numbers that follow, enter the information to define the property line.
Press the Next button to stay in the dialog to enter the next value.
Distance = 122.21', Angle = N82° 49'E
Distance = 98.75', Angle = N2° 17'W
Distance = 143.56', Angle = N87° 47'W
Distance = 122.33', Angle = S12° 20'E
The above coordinates serve as an example only. Use these coordinates to learn how to create a plot plan. Once you understand the process, you can substitute in your own coordinates.
- Press OK after entering in the last value to close the dialog and return to floor plan view, where we can see the polyline we created.
- Next, use the Select Objects tool to select the polyline you created, and click on the Open Object edit too to display the Polyline Specification dialog.
- Go to the Line Style panel, and in the lower right of the dialog in the Display Options category, check the boxes beside Show Length and Show Angle then click the OK button to return to your floor plan view.
Note that it defaults to having lengths of inches and angles in regular degrees. Most property lines are shown in bearings and decimal feet.
To change the display to decimal feet and bearings
- Select Edit> Default Settings.
- Expand the CAD category, select General CAD, and click on the Edit button.
- In the CAD Defaults dialog:
- Under Display Line Angle as, select Quadrant Bearing.
- Under Display Line Length as, move the radio button to Decimal Feet.
- Click OK to apply the change and close the CAD Defaults dialog.
- Click Done to close the Default Settings dialog.
- In Home Designer Pro 2012 and newer, to increase the size of the Length and Angle displayed on your Plot Plan polyline, select Tools> Display Options.
- Navigate down to the CAD, Default layer, click to highlight its name, and use the Text Style drop down menu to select the Plot Plan Text Style and click OK.
Now the property line should display properly.
If you want to add details such as the property offset, now is the time to make these changes.
To create setback lines
- Select Edit> Preferences and under the Edit category, select Behaviors.
- Under Edit Type, move the radio button to Concentric, and in the Jump field, type in the setback distance required by your local planning department, such as 10'.
- Click OK to close the Preferences dialog and return to floor plan view.
- Using the Select Objects tool, click the plot plan polyline to select it, then click the Copy/Paste edit button.
- Place your cursor over a corner edit handle, click and drag towards the center of the polyline until a copy of the polyline appears inside.
- Select the inner polyline and click the Open Object edit button to open the Polyline Specification dialog.
- On the Line Style panel, select a dashed line style from the drop-down list, then uncheck Show Length and Show Angle, and click OK.
- When you have finished creating your concentric copy, select Edit> Edit Behaviors> Default to restore the default edit behavior.
- Finally, select CAD> Points> Delete Temporary Points to remove the point that we started our plot plan polyline from.


text:
BacalhauNET, a team with José Rosa, a Master's student in Electrotechnical Engineering at the Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão (ESTG) of the Polytechnic of Leiria, was the big winner of the ITU AI/ML in 5G Grand Challenge, an international competition on Artificial Intelligence (AI) promoted by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
In addition to the student José Rosa, the team also includes Daniel Granhão, Guilherme Carvalho and Tiago Filipe Gonçalves, Ph.D. students at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP) and collaborators at the Institute of Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science (INESC TEC).
The team was guided by Mónica Figueiredo, supervisor of José Rosa, professor at ESTG and researcher at Instituto de Telecomunicações (IT), Luís Conde Bento, professor at ESTG and researcher at the Institute of Systems and Robotics – Coimbra (ISR-UC), Nuno Paulino and Luís Pessoa, professors at FEUP and researchers at the Telecommunications and Multimedia Center at INESC TEC.
In this competition, participants are challenged to solve real-world problems based on standardized technologies developed for AI in 5G networks. The challenge aims to create a knowledge community, providing open source solutions to problems related to communications networks using AI and involving students and researchers on ITU standards.
The BacalhauNET team competed in the open challenge "Lightning-Fast Modulation Classification with Hardware-Efficient Neural Networks", with 12 other teams. The main objective was to use quantification, scattering, custom topology design, and other techniques to design a neural network.
"It is a pleasure to be part of this team! Their dedication, competence, and ingenuity were recognized with this award, which makes me very proud. The results achieved also show the added value that collaboration between different teaching and research institutions can bring in the production of results of international excellence", says IT researcher Mónica Figueiredo.
Watch the video presentation (1:07:24" – 1:11:26"):


Extrusion Parameters for Foaming of a β-Glucan Concentrate
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2019
Plastics is a group of materials commonly encountered on a daily basis by many people. They have enabled rapid, low-cost manufacturing of products with complicated geometries and have contributed to the weight reduction of heavy components, especially when produced into a foamed structure. Despite the many advantages of plastics, some drawbacks such as the often fossil-based raw-material and the extensive littering of the material in nature, where it is not degraded for a very long time, needs to be dealt with. One way to address at least one of the issues could be to use polymers from nature instead of fossil-based ones. Here, a β-glucan concentrate originating from barley was investigated. The concentrate was processed into a foam by hot-melt extrusion, and the processing window was established. The effect of different blowing agents was also investigated. Water or a combination of water and sodium bicarbonate were used as blowing agents, the latter apparently giving a more uniform pore structure. The porous structure of the foamed materials was characterized mainly by using a combination of confocal laser scanning microscope and image analysis. The density of the samples was estimated and found to be in a similar range as some polyurethane foams. A set of 3D parameters were also quantified on two selected samples using X-ray microtomography in combination with image analysis, where it was indicated that the porous structure had a pre-determined direction, which followed the direction of the extrusion process.
Hemicellulose
Starch
Image analysis
Extrusion
X-ray microtomography
Författare
Kristina Karlsson
Chalmers, Industri- och materialvetenskap, Konstruktionsmaterial
Emanuel Larsson
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden
Niklas Lorén
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden
Mats Stading
Chalmers, Industri- och materialvetenskap, Konstruktionsmaterial
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden
Mikael Rigdahl
Chalmers, Industri- och materialvetenskap, Konstruktionsmaterial
Journal of Polymers and the Environment
_PHONE_ (ISSN) _PHONE_ (eISSN)
Vol. 27 6 _PHONE_
Ämneskategorier
Polymerkemi
Polymerteknologi
Kompositmaterial och -teknik
DOI
10.1007/s10924-019-01412-3
Mer information
Senast uppdaterat
2019-11-03


text:
UK, 10 July 2006: During the OGC Technical Committee in Edinburgh earlier this month, CityGML, serving 3D data over the Web was successfully demonstrated by a collaboration between Snowflake Software and the University of Bonn.
The schema translation software (GO Publisher WFS) from Snowflake Software could transform 3D geometry in Oracle to CityGML and stream it as a Web Feature Service to the Aristoteles viewer client developed by the Institute for Cartography and Geoinformation, University of Bonn. The ability to translate on-the-fly from the relational database to the 3D CityGML format enables visualisation of the live data across the internet.
"The benefits of being able to dynamically serve and view 3D data over the web are only just being recognised. Obviously, urban development issues such as managing noise pollution are prime applications but, going forward, the possibilities of using 3D for disaster recovery and emergency planning are now being considered," explained Eddie Curtis, CTO of Snowflake Software.
CityGML is a major stride towards integrating the GIS and CAD worlds using a mainstream, standards-based web interface. The OGC has introduced a CAD/GIS/BIM working group, which is targeted to prove interoperability for the fourth OGC Web Services testbed (OWS-4) scheduled for the end of this year.