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How To Reset Ubuntu to Factory Settings
Ubuntu 15
In this guide, we will walk you through the process of resetting Ubuntu to its factory settings. This process is particularly useful when you encounter problems that prevent you from logging in or using Ubuntu normally. Before we begin, it's important to note that you should always back up your important files before attempting any system changes, as these methods can result in data loss.
Quick Answer
To reset Ubuntu to its factory settings, you have two options. First, you can try installing a new desktop environment, such as Xubuntu, Lubuntu, or Ubuntu MATE, which can often resolve login issues. If that doesn't work or you want a fresh start, you can reinstall Ubuntu using a USB installer. Remember to back up your important files before attempting any system changes.
Installing a New Desktop Environment
If you're experiencing login issues, one potential solution is to install a new desktop environment. This can often resolve login problems, and it's relatively straightforward to do.
To install a new desktop environment, you'll first need to open a terminal. You can do this by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F1. Once the terminal is open, you'll need to run the following commands:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop
The sudo apt-get update command updates your package lists to ensure that you're installing the latest version of the desktop environment. The sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop command installs the Xubuntu desktop environment.
You can replace xubuntu-desktop with lubuntu-desktop or ubuntu-mate-desktop if you prefer those desktop environments. Once the new desktop environment is installed, you can try logging in again to see if the problem is resolved.
Reinstalling Ubuntu from a USB Installer
If installing a new desktop environment doesn't resolve your problem, or if you simply want to start fresh, you can reinstall Ubuntu from a USB installer. This process involves downloading the Ubuntu ISO file and writing it to a USB drive.
To download the Ubuntu ISO file, open a terminal and run the following command:
wget _URL_
This command downloads the Ubuntu 20.04.3 ISO file. You can replace 20.04 with the version you want to download.
Once the ISO file is downloaded, you can write it to a USB drive using the ddrescue command. To do this, run the following commands:
sudo apt-get install gddrescue
sudo ddrescue -d -D --force ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso /dev/sdX
The sudo apt-get install gddrescue command installs the ddrescue utility, which is used to write the ISO file to the USB drive. The sudo ddrescue -d -D --force ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso /dev/sdX command writes the ISO file to the USB drive.
In this command, /dev/sdX should be replaced with the correct device name for your USB drive. Be sure to select the correct device, as this command will overwrite the contents of the USB drive.
Once the ISO file is written to the USB drive, you can use it to reinstall Ubuntu. This will reset Ubuntu to its factory settings.
Conclusion
Resetting Ubuntu to its factory settings can be a useful troubleshooting step when you're experiencing problems. Whether you choose to install a new desktop environment or reinstall Ubuntu from a USB installer, it's important to always back up your important files first. With these steps, you should be able to reset Ubuntu and get back to using it normally.
Can I reset Ubuntu to factory settings without losing my files?
No, resetting Ubuntu to factory settings will erase all your files and settings. It's important to back up your important files before attempting the reset.
How long does it take to reinstall Ubuntu from a USB installer?
The time it takes to reinstall Ubuntu from a USB installer can vary depending on your computer's hardware and the speed of your USB drive. Generally, it can take anywhere from 30 minutes to an hour.
Can I choose a different version of Ubuntu to reinstall?
Yes, you can choose a different version of Ubuntu to reinstall. When downloading the Ubuntu ISO file, make sure to replace "20.04" in the command with the version you want to download.
Will reinstalling Ubuntu remove all the installed applications?
Yes, reinstalling Ubuntu will remove all the installed applications. You will need to reinstall them after the reset.
Can I reinstall Ubuntu from a DVD instead of a USB drive?
Yes, you can reinstall Ubuntu from a DVD instead of a USB drive. Instead of using the ddrescue command, you will need to burn the ISO file to a DVD using appropriate burning software.
What should I do if I encounter errors during the reinstallation process?
If you encounter errors during the reinstallation process, it's recommended to check the integrity of the downloaded ISO file and the USB drive. You can also try using a different USB drive or downloading the ISO file again.
Will reinstalling Ubuntu fix all software-related issues?
Reinstalling Ubuntu can fix many software-related issues, but it may not solve hardware-related problems. If you're experiencing hardware issues, it's best to consult with a professional or seek technical support.
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is None:
 del kwargs['c']
 return f(**kwargs)
# g(a=1, b=2, c=None) === '1 2 3'
# g(a=1, b=2) === '1 2 3'
# g(a=1, b=2, c=4) === '1 2 4'
These two functions can be in different packages/modules and the programmer doesn't need to know what default value argument c in f actually have. So by using kwargs in combination with del you can say "I want the default value on c" by setting it to None (or in this case also leave it).
You could do the same thing with something like:
def g(a, b, c=None):
 kwargs = {'a': a,
 'b': b}
 if c is not None:
 kwargs['c'] = c
 return f(**kwargs)
However I find the previous example more DRY and elegant.
share|improve this answer
Using "del" explicitly is also better practice than assigning a variable to None. If you attempt to del a variable that doesn't exist, you'll get a runtime error but if you attempt to set a variable that doesn't exist to None, Python will silently set a new variable to None, leaving the variable you wanted deleted where it was. So del will help you catch your mistakes earlier
share|improve this answer
When is del useful in python?
You can use it to remove a single element of an array instead of the slice syntax x[i:i+1]=[]. This may be useful if for example you are in os.walk and wish to delete an element in the directory. I would not consider a keyword useful for this though, since one could just make a [].remove(index) method (the.remove method is actually search-and-remove-first-instance-of-value).
share|improve this answer
[].pop(index) and [].remove(item). Don't use variable named "index" when talking about value, makes it look confusing. – skyjur May 15 '14 at 10:43
Once I had to use:
del serial
serial = None
because using only:
serial = None
didn't release the serial port fast enough to immediately open it again. From that lesson I learned that del really meant: "GC this NOW! and wait until it's done" and that is really useful in a lot of situations. Of course, you may have a system.gc.del_this_and_wait_balbalbalba(obj).
share|improve this answer
Hmm... That really should not have made a difference. Although, perhaps your issue was fixed by the extra delay it introduced? – Winston Ewert Nov 28 '12 at 22:09
I don't think you can back the GC this now by any documentation. I think relying on GC and calling to __del__() is always wrong in Python (I don't know the reasons for this design, though) and it's better to use context manager API (the with statement). – Pavel Šimerda Sep 21 '14 at 7:31
That's some kind of voodoo programming. See the method description and the note in the documentation for object.__del__() for details, and keep in mind this only describes CPythons current implementation with reference counting. Other Python implementations (PyPy, Jython, IronPython, Brython, …) or future CPython implementations may use a different garbage collection scheme. Jython uses the JVMs GC which doesn't delete objects immediately. The serial module also works with Jython so your hack doesn't work there! – BlackJack Aug 13 at 15:05
BTW gc.collect would be the way to explicitly recycle. Supported in most python implementations. – tdihp Oct 28 at 1:21
del is the equivalent of "unset" in many languages and as a cross reference point moving from another language to python.. people tend to look for commands that do the same thing that they used to do in their first language... also setting a var to "" or none doesn't really remove the var from just empties its value the name of the var itself would still be stored in memory...why?!? in a memory intensive script..keeping trash behind its just a no no and anyways...every language out there has some form of an "unset/delete" var function..why not python?
share|improve this answer
del does not invoke the garbage collector any more quickly than = None, nor will either leave garbage behind in the long run. You might want to bone up on Python's garbage collection. – SilverbackNet Dec 18 '12 at 7:18
Every object in python has an identifier, Type, reference count associated with it, when we use del the reference count is reduced, when the reference count becomes zero it is a potential candidate for getting garbage collected. This differentiates the del when compared to setting an identifier to None. In later case it simply means the object is just left out wild( until we are out of scope in which case the count is reduced) and simply now the identifier point to some other object(memory location).
share|improve this answer
I would like to see proof of this. Assigning None should decrement the reference count. – Jason Baker Jun 14 '13 at 16:43
This is a nonsense and the opposite of garbage collection (in the sense of leaving the garbage lying around). – Pavel Šimerda Sep 21 '14 at 7:34
protected by Aniket Thakur Sep 8 at 6:12
Would you like to answer one of these unanswered questions instead?


text:
FDA approves third vaccine shot for immunocompromised
COLUMBUS, Ga. (WTVM) - The FDA has approved a third vaccine shot for a certain portion of the population.
"When people get sick with COVID it is catastrophic. This is a catastrophic disease," said Dr. Joseph Surber.
This is what the Chief Medical Doctor at IACT Health says is the case for anyone infected with COVID, but especially people who already have weak immune systems.
The Food Drug and Administration recently authorized a third shot of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccine for people who have severely compromised immune systems.
According to Dr. Surber people with severely compromised immune systems are people who's immune systems don't work the way they are supposed to.
"Maybe you have cancer and are going through chemotherapy that makes your immune system not work. Maybe you have an organ transplant, a liver transplant or a kidney transplant things along those lines," explained Surber. "We give them a third shot to hopefully bring their immune system back up to par."
Spokeswoman for the Department of Public Health, Pam Kirkland, says people with these conditions need more protection against the virus.
"The two doses does not give them enough protection against COVID 19," said Kirkland.
Only not all people with weak immune systems can receive the third shot.
"At this time it's only for people who have severely compromised systems," followed Kirkland.
Kirkland says children 12 years and older who qualify can receive a third shot of the Pfizer vaccine and people 18 and older can get a third shot for the Moderna.
Copyright 2021 WTVM. All rights reserved.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


2, diff; assert (n != NULL); /* compare ptrs */ if (pl1==pl2) { return 0; } /* check for nulls */ if ( (pl1==NULL) || (pl2==NULL) ) { *n = 1; return 1; } /* length of each procedure list */ len1 = gl_length(pl1); len2 = gl_length(pl2); /* * if len1 and len2 are different from each other , we will return 1, * but we still need to find the index of the first different procedure. * So, get the number of elements of the shorthest list and compare * that number of procedures in the lists */ if (len1 == len2) { len = len1; } else { if (len1 < len2) { len = len1; } else { len = len2; } } /* analyze the list of procedures */ for(c=1;c<=len;c++){ proc1 = (struct InitProcedure *)gl_fetch(pl1,c); proc2 = (struct InitProcedure *)gl_fetch(pl2,c); /* * compare names */ if (CmpProcs(proc1,proc2)) { *n = c; return 1; } /* * compare statement lists * if lists are different, diff will contain the index of the first * different statement. Use it if necessary */ sl1 = ProcStatementList(proc1); sl2 = ProcStatementList(proc2); if (CompareStatementLists(sl1,sl2,&diff)) { *n = c; return 1; } } /* * If we get here and the number of elements in the list are equal, * then the procedures are equal, * else the index of the first different procedure is len + 1 */ if (len1 == len2) { return 0; } else { *n = len+1; return 1; } /* parse_id are not for comparison */ }


text:
2 The Norwegian Agency for Quality Assurance in Education The Norwegian Agency for Quality Assurance in Education (NOKUT) was established on JanuaryIts purpose is to make decisions on general recognition of foreign education, to oversee the quality of Norwegian higher education by means of evaluation, accreditation and approval of quality systems, institutions, and course programs.These tasks should be carried out in such a way that the institutions can use the results to develop their own quality system.NOKUT represents Norway in the ENIC-NARIC network and is the information agency described in the Lisbon Convention on Recognition.
3 Higher educationAll higher education institutions are subject to the authority of the Ministry of Education and Research.Higher education in Norway is mainly offered at state institutions, notably universities.The degrees and titles that each institution can award and their professional and educational programs, as well as the duration and specific requirements concerning breadth and depth are all laid down in the Royal Decree of 11 October 2002 (last revision 21 December 2005).In June 2001, the Norwegian Parliament passed an extensive reform of higher education, the so-called Quality Reform.
5 The main points include a new degree structure: Bachelor, of 3 years' durationMaster of 2 years' duration, and PhD of 3 years' durationA credit system based on ECTS was introduced with 60 credits being equivalent to one year's full-time studyThe possibility for some types of colleges to become universities.The redefinition of governing bodies and management of the institutionsAn increase in student loans/grants
6 Priority is given to the improvement of teaching and assessment And the introduction of mutual and formalized agreements between students and institutionsPriority is given to participation in international programs and exchange agreementsHigher education institutions strive to offer students a period of study abroad as a component of their
7 How to become a teacher in Norway: There are several paths to becoming a teacher in Norway.Placement period: weeksPlacement period: 12 weeks in a company and 12 weeks at schoolPlacement period:14 weeksA four-year general teacher education program at a University CollegeA three-year vocational teacher education program at a University collegeA one-year postgraduate certificate in education at a University
8 Admission to Practical Pedagogic education Teacher-training program based on one of the following types of educational background :craft certificate or completed a three-year vocational upper secondary education,general education, vocational theoretical education and a minimum of two years of professional experienceprofession-oriented bachelor's degree and a minimum of two years of professional experience
9 The curriculum for teacher-training program 60 credits The goals for students' learning is structured in three main areas.Since the study work is centered on practical tasks and situations in the teacher work, it is natural to work against multiple targets simultaneously.
10 3.1 A - The teacher and the student / apprentice Target area includes training in classrooms, workshops and other learning venues.The core tasks are the development and maintenance of a good learning environment and planning, organizing, implementing and evaluating their own teaching and pupils' learning.
11 3.2 B - The teacher and the organization Target area encompasses organizational, leadership and collaboration tasks that are outside of the daily training, but that adds important framework for this.This requires an understanding of the school's / company's goals and distinctiveness as a learning place and workplace.The program will also promote the ability and willingness to further develop organizational culture, organization and management methods.
12 3.3 C - The teacher and community Target area is about the interplay between social development, education of values, discipline / profession and educational practices.The teacher must be able to justify and develop their academic and subjects-/ vocational didactic understanding and pedagogical practices from a social perspective.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
As COVID-19 cases continue to rise in the country, vaccine hesitancy among Filipinos remain high, a recent survey from Pulse Asia showed.
The survey, conducted from February 22 to March 3, showed that the greatest number of respondents at 61% would say "no" to getting inoculated with a COVID-19 vaccine if the shot was available during the polling period.
This is an increase from the previous Pulse Asia survey released in January 2021, when 47% of Filipinos said they were unwilling to get vaccinated if a COVID-19 shot was available.
The latest survey results released on Friday, March 26, also found that only 16% of respondents would have themselves vaccinated, while 23% said they "cannot say" if they would have themselves vaccinated.
Pulse Asia conducted face-to-face interviews with 2,400 Filipinos aged 18 years old and above for its survey fieldwork. The survey has a 95% confidence level with a ±2% margin of error.
The survey was conducted just as the Philippines was beginning to roll out COVID-19 vaccines donated by the WHO through the COVAX Facility (AstraZeneca doses), and by China (Sinovac doses) on March 1.
Among those unwilling to get vaccinated, the survey found that the respondents' top three reasons for refusing a vaccine were the following:
- "Not sure of its safety" – 84%
- "Vaccine might not be effective" – 7%
- "A vaccine is not needed to combat COVID-19" – 6%
Concern about the safety of a vaccine was higher in virus epicenter Metro Manila (90%) and Balance Luzon (86%) compared to the Visayas (80%) and Mindanao (80%).
Aside from this, 1% of survey respondents said they would not have themselves vaccinated as the vaccine "might not be free," while another 1% said they would not get vaccinated because it "might be costly or expensive."
Preferred vaccine brand
The survey also found that the vaccine developed by Pfizer was the most preferred by those willing to get vaccinated against COVID-19.
"Among Filipino adults inclined to get a COVID-19 vaccine, 52% choose the vaccine developed by Pfizer – a view echoed by small pluralities to huge majorities across geographic areas and socioeconomic groupings (38% to 73% and 48% to 73%, respectively)," the Pulse Asia report said.
Only 22% of the respondents favored the vaccine developed by Chinese drugmaker Sinovac.
"Other COVID-19 vaccines preferred by at least 1% of those willing to get vaccinated against the disease are those made by AstraZeneca (6%), Gamaleya Research Institute (3%), Johnson & Johnson (1%), Sinopharm (1%), and Moderna (1%)," the the report said.
Why this matters
The number of respondents unwilling to get vaccinated against COVID-19 underscores the challenges health officials still need to confront in boosting demand for the highly scarce and coveted product.
Vaccine fears fanned by the Dengvaxia scare had pulled down immunization rates in the country, even for proven vaccines.
In 2017, Dengvaxia manufacturer Sanofi Pasteur revealed that those inoculated with the vaccine who had never had dengue were at risk of contracting a more severe form of dengue. Public opinion formed that Dengvaxia killed a number of children who were administered with it, although there are still no proven links between the vaccine and the deaths.
The Philippines on Friday reached a grim milestone as active COVID-19 cases in the country breached the 100,000-mark after the Department of Health reported a record-high 9,838 new COVID-19 infections. This brings total cases in the country to 702,856. – Rappler.com


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Why this code doesn't work? I would like to return Bool if string is a number.
isNumber = do
 n <- getLine
 let val = case reads n of
 ((v,_):_) -> True
 _ -> False
share|improve this question
If you have not read it yet, here's a link to a very good Haskell tutorial: – Cedric May 21 '11 at 19:55
2 Answers 2
Firstly, you have a syntax error:
 The last statement in a 'do' construct must be an expression:
 let val
 = case reads n of {
 ((v, _) : _) -> True
 _ -> False }
Because your function doesn't return a value yet. Fixing that:
isNumber = do
 n <- getLine
 let val = case reads n of
 ((v,_):_) -> True
 _ -> False
 return val
Now it is syntactically correct, but it has a type error:
 Ambiguous type variable 'a0' in the constraint:
 (Read a0) arising from a use of 'reads'
Why? Because read is overloaded. So the compiler doesn't know what you're trying to read. In this case, you're trying to read a number. Let's say, an Integer:
isNumber :: IO Bool
isNumber = do
 n <- getLine
 let val = case (reads :: ReadS Integer) n of
 ((v,_):_) -> True
 _ -> False
 return val
Still, its not really idiomatic. Let's separate the IO from the pure code, and actually return the parsed number, if it succeeds:
readNumber :: String -> Maybe Integer
readNumber s = case reads s of
 ((v,_):_) -> Just v
 _ -> Nothing
getNumber :: IO (Maybe Integer)
getNumber = do
 s <- getLine
 return (readNumber s)
*Main> getNumber
Just 123
*Main> getNumber
So we've cleaned up the parsing, and separted IO from parsing, meaning you can test your parser in isolation, and added type information to document your design.
share|improve this answer
I would like to get True or False and Your code unfortunatelly returns me number or Nothing. – priceman May 21 '11 at 20:07
You can convert a Maybe to a Bool by using the isJust function. E.g. isJust <$> getNumber. – Don Stewart May 21 '11 at 20:09
So I need 3 functions: readNumber, getNumber and isJust - too many functions - I need only one - so I need other solution. – priceman May 21 '11 at 20:22
The point of my post was to show you how to decompose the problem into its three parts, and you can then combine them into one function that does the job properly. Your single function is just the composition of those three, independent functions: getLine, readNumber and isJust. Building up code piecewise like this is just good development practice. – Don Stewart May 21 '11 at 20:41
But if for some reason you don't want to do it idiomatically, the last version of isNumber does in fact do exactly what you want. It's just ugly code. – Anschel Schaffer-Cohen May 21 '11 at 20:55
Add return val or simply write return $ case.... The last statement in do... must be an expression. In your particular case it must be an expression of type IO Bool, so you need to lift value into IO monad with return function. You also need to specify type for v explicitly (you will probably need ScopedTypeVariables GHC extension for this.)
It is also a good idea to write a separate pure function of type String -> Bool and use it in the impure IO code.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
Big. Hot to cold
An Odyssey of Architectural Adaptation
37,37 € inkl. MwSt., zzgl. Versand
After the international bestseller YES IS MORE, BIG, the Bjarke Ingels Group, is now following up with HOT TO COLD and demonstrating that extreme environmental conditions, natural or man-made, can be seen as a challenge and that innovative design and intelligent materials make architectural solutions possible that point far beyond the present.more
Created as part of an exhibition at the National Building Museum in Washington, HOT TO COLD uses case studies to show how buildings can function as holistic ecosystems in an environmentally friendly and economical way. On a journey from the deserts of Arabia to the Finnish tundra, we see how strong the influence of climatic conditions is on architecture. The central challenge here is to mitigate the effect of climatic extremes on people, so that a need-oriented life becomes possible – particularly essential in times of dwindling resources and dramatic climatic extremes.
Nur noch 2 vorrätig


text:
Manual browser: random(6)
NAMErandom — random lines from a file or random numbers
DESCRIPTIONrandom reads lines from the standard input and copies them to the standard output with a probability of 1/denominator. The default value for denominator is 2.
The options are as follows:
- If the -e option is specified, random does not read or write anything, and simply exits with a random exit value of 0 to denominator-1, inclusive.
- The -r option guarantees that the output is unbuffered.
|March 20, 2007||NetBSD 7.0|


text:
After naming Oshiwara, an upcoming railway station in the Western line of Mumbai suburban railway to Ram Mandir, the Maharashtra government passed a resolution to change the name of Elphinstone Road railway station to Prabhadevi.
Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis said Shiv Sena leaders and residents of the Elphinstone locality had demanded the change in the name, according to Firstpost. Meanwhile the details for the change in name have been sent to the Ministry of Railways in Delhi.
Apart from renaming the Elphinstone Road, Chief Minister has also proposed renaming of two other places, Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus railway station to Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus railway station and Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport to Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport.
The station is currently named after John Elphinstone, 13th Lord Elphinstone, The Governor of Bombay during British Era from 1853 to 1860. And the Prabhadevi temple which is situated in the vicinity was built about 300 years ago and is significant to the city's history. The Mumbai International Airport was earlier known as Sahara International Airport and renamed to Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport in 1999, whereas the government had renamed the Victoria Terminus to Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus in 1996.
Various political parties have demanded that the names of three Mumbai suburban railway stations be also changed. They are Dadar railway station to Chaityabhumi, Grant Road railway station to August Kranti and Charni Road railway station to Gaondevi.


text:
The chart below shows the _PHONE_ daily normal temperatures for the Gulkana airport, which is just a few miles from Glennallen, and for the Fairbanks airport. Fairbanks sees a somewhat larger swing from summer to winter, but overall the large seasonal variations are similar. Peak summer temperatures occur a few weeks later in Gulkana, which reflects a slightly greater maritime influence in the more southerly location.
In high summer (June and July), the differences between the two locations are more significant compared to the range of temperatures observed at that time of year. As shown in the charts below, Gulkana is quite a bit cooler, especially for the daily minimum temperatures. Minimum temperatures are generally in the 40s in Gulkana, but are more often above 50 °F than below 50 °F in Fairbanks. In Gulkana, daily high temperatures most often fall in the range 60-75 °F, but Fairbanks is typically in the range 65-80 °F.
The cooler temperatures overall in Gulkana can be explained partly by the higher elevation (1560' vs 430' MSL). Cooler nights in particular are the result of lower humidity: Gulkana's average dewpoint in June and July is 41 °F, compared to 47 °F in Fairbanks. Accordingly, Gulkana is about 10 percent drier in terms of June-July precipitation. Longer nights may also play a role in nighttime coolness: the sun is below the horizon for at least 4 hours every night in summer in Gulkana.
Lastly, I'll touch on the correlation of temperature variations in the two locations. The list below shows the correlation coefficients between the two locations for daily temperature departures from normal, based on the _PHONE_ normals and calculated over the common period of record (_PHONE_). Correlations are highest in winter and spring, and are relatively low in late summer when it appears that local variations in cloudiness have a large effect compared to the underlying temperature variance.


text:
Abraham and Coprius of Gryazovets
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
They were born in Russia, and built the monastery of Gryazovets, near Vologda, around 1492, on the banks of Petshenga River. Their feast day is celebrated on February 4 in the Russian Orthodox Church.
- Holweck, F. G. A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints. St. Louis, MO: B. Herder Book Co. 1924.
|This article about a saint is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


text:
What is a Submersible Pump Shroud or Sleeve?
PVC pump shrouds are installed over the body of the pump and motor so that the water flow past the motor is sufficient to achieve adequate cooling of the motor. Easy to fit and definitely required if you are installing the submersible pump in a well or bore with a diameter of 200mm or greater. You can buy ready to use shrouds or sleeves of standard pump sizes, alternatively a shroud or sleeve can be made from PVC Pipe. A shroud is always required in an open body of water eg. a dam or river, or a cascading bore. A pump shroud should also be used if the pump is to be installed below water inlet level. This protects the pump from damage from falling sand and ensures correct velocity of water over motor for cooling purposes. Fitting a shroud over the pump intake and motor casing will ensure that cool underground water flows upwards over the motor casing on its way to the intake, ensuring that the motor stays cool. The shroud is a tube open only at its base enclosing the submersible pump. W


What does 'what's up?' mean? Why does this question confuse the British?
What does Babra mean?
An apparently simple question demonstrating Churchill's dictum about two countries divided by a shared language. An American colleague of mine used to greet me every morning with question 'what's up?' to which I would reply 'Nothing' or 'I'm fine.' After the third time it occurred that for her the question was an all purpose greeting whereas to British ears it meant 'what is the problem?' or 'is something wrong?'
So when Bug's Bunny - or Babara Streisand at the other end of the beauty continuum - ask 'What's up, Doc?' we British assume a sarcasm that may not be intended.


HomeSupportSTB-1000Operation GuideTimer› Using the Timer ›
STB-1000
Using the Timer
a. Hours
b. Minutes
c. Seconds
d. 1/10 seconds
1.
Use the button operations below to perform a countdown.
D
Start
Timer starts.
D
Stop
Timer stops.
D
Resume
Timer resumes.
Time up (00:00)
Alert by beep or vibration.
To discontinue a timer operation part way through,press D to stop it and then press A to reset to the timer start time.
To stop a beep or vibration alert operation, press any button or double-tap the center of the watch's display.
2.
Press B twice to return to the Timekeeping Mode.
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Medicine LibreTexts
3.5: pH and Cellular Metabolism
 - Page ID
 - 1.5.1: Why is pH so important?
 The Davis Hypothesis & Ion trapping
 What is the role of pH in the body and why does H+ have an importance which seems out of keeping with its incredibly low concentration?
 An insight can be gained from the findings of Davis (1958). He surveyed all known metabolic pathways and looked at the structural features of the compounds in each of these pathways. He found that nearly every biosynthetic intermediate has at least one group that would be largely ionised at physiological pH, whether it is an acid or a base. The only few exceptions he could find amongst hundreds of compounds were some macromolecules, some water-insoluble lipids and end-products of metabolism (eg waste compounds).
 In summary, he found that:
 all the known low molecular weight and water soluble biosynthetic intermediates possess groups that are essentially completely ionised at neutral pH.
 These groups are phosphate, ammonium and carboxylic acid groups.
 The Davis hypothesis is that the advantage to the cell of this pH-dependent ionisation was the efficient trapping of these ionised compounds within the cell and its organelles.
 1.5.2: What about the exceptions to this generalisation?
 There are some compounds that are seeming exceptions to the generalisation. So we need to ask this question: Does the existence of the exceptions that Davis found render his whole theory of ion trapping invalid?
 Let's look at the 3 groups of possible exceptions:
 Some macromolecules
 It could be argued that these large molecules do not need to be charged for their distribution to be restricted to the intracellular environment. They could be trapped within the cell because of their size. However, size-trapping is not particularly effective if the macromolecule is very hydrophobic as such molecules would tend to move into lipid membranes. But most macromolecules in ther cell (eg proteins) are charged or are polar molecules and it is this that effectively traps them within the cell (unless there is a specific pathway for their excretion from the cell).
 Lipids are not ionised and cross cell membranes easily. But some lipids are 'trapped' within the cell despite not being ionised. These lipids which are not charged are trapped within the cell by another mechanism: by being protein-bound. So lipids that are necessary for intracellular purposes are trapped by an alternative means.
 Metabolic precursors & waste products
 These compounds need to be able to cross the membrane for ease of uptake (precursors like glucose) or excretion (waste products) from the cell. It is an advantage if they are not charged and not trapped. The first reaction that precursors undergo when they enter a cell is a reaction that places a charged group on the molecule. An example is glucose which is converted to glucose-6-phosphate which is charged at intracellular pH and thereby trapped within the cell. Clearly any reaction pathway that had noncharged or non-bound intermediates would have strong evolutionary pressures against it because of the diffusional loss of these intermediates from the cell.
 So these exceptions do not invalidate the Davis hypothesis but instead add to it.
 The importance of H+ is clearly not related to its concentration per se because this is incredibly small. Its importance derives from the fact even though its concentration is extremely low, an alteration in this concentration has major effects on the relative concentrations of every conjugate acid and base of all the weak electrolytes. One major consequence as discussed above is that at 'neutral pH' metabolic intermediates are present only in the charged form and effectively trapped within the cell.
 It is not just the small molecules of intermediary metabolism that are affected. The other critically important aspect of the importance of pH involves proteins. The net protein charge is dependent on the pH and the function of proteins is dependent of this charge because it determines the 3-D shape of the molecule and its binding characteristics (eg ionic bonding). (See 'Importance of Intracellular pH')
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text:
by Manuel Adelino, Kristopher Gerardi, and Paul S. Willen
Abstract: We document the fact that servicers have been reluctant to renegotiate mortgages since the foreclosure crisis started in 2007, having performed payment-reducing modifications on only about 3 percent of seriously delinquent loans. We show that this reluctance does not result from securitization: servicers renegotiate similarly small fractions of loans that they hold in their portfolios. Our results are robust to different definitions of renegotiation, including the one most likely to be affected by securitization, and to different definitions of delinquency. Our results are strongest in subsamples in which unobserved heterogeneity between portfolio and securitized loans is likely to be small, and for subprime loans. We use a theoretical model to show that redefault risk, the possibility that a borrower will still default despite costly renegotiation, and self-cure risk, the possibility that a seriously delinquent borrower will become current without renegotiation, make renegotiation unattractive to investors.


text:
Chromebook Lesson Ideas
Station Activities for the Elementary Classroom
About the Project
Station-based instruction is a great teaching strategy for technology. Students move among a variety of activities matched to their ability or interest levels. Meanwhile, the teacher is freed up to work with small groups or individual students on special challenges.
Set up three to five station activities for individual students or small groups to work on such as spelling games, flashcards, typing activities, or manipulatives. Students rotate through the stations every 5 to 15 minutes. Lessons usually take place over at least a 30-minute period. Ideally, one of the stations involves working directly with the teacher.
Tips and Suggestions
Getting students to the right website, screen, page, etc. can be a slow process. Speed it up by using QR codes and access cards so that elementary students are taken to the correct page each time. Develop sets of activity cards for your workstations, so that you can quickly pull them out as needed. Students can use a QR scanner app and the camera on their Chromebook to visit the activity website.
Remember, not all of your stations need to incorporate technology! Having a variety of digital and hands-on activities will increase student interest.


text:
UBC releases 2021 animal research statistics
UBC's summary of animals involved in research at the university in 2021 is now available.
Nov 10, 2022
UBC team developing oral insulin tablet sees breakthrough results
A team of University of British Columbia researchers working on developing oral insulin tablets as a replacement for daily insulin injections have made a game-changing discovery.
Aug 30, 2022
Canada ranks third worldwide in permeable landscapes for wildlife
Canada ranks third in the world for animal movement between protected areas, finds new UBC research.
Jun 2, 2022
New nasal spray treats Delta variant infection in mice, indicating broad spectrum results
Researchers have shown a new compound delivered in a nasal spray is highly effective in preventing and treating COVID-19 caused by the Delta variant in mice.
Mar 28, 2022
Bees are explosively ejaculating to death. A polystyrene cover could help stop it.
A simple polystyrene cover could help cool beehives during heat waves, preventing a grim outcome for male bees.
Feb 22, 2022
Data from thousands of cameras confirms protected areas promote mammal diversity
A new University of British Columbia study offers new evidence that protected areas are effective at conserving wildlife.
Jan 27, 2022
Sunflowers' invisible colours help them attract bees and adapt to drought
It turns out sunflowers are more than just a pretty face: the ultraviolet colours of their flowers not only attract pollinators, but also help the plant regulate water loss, according to new UBC research.
Jan 18, 2022
UBC releases 2020 animal research statistics
UBC's summary of animals involved in research at the university in 2020 is now available.
Dec 9, 2021
Domestic cats drive spread of Toxoplasma parasite to wildlife
New UBC research suggests free-roaming cats are likely to blame in the spread of the potentially deadly Toxoplasma gondii parasite to wildlife in densely populated urban areas.
Nov 10, 2021
No apparent shortage of prey for southern resident killer whales in Canadian waters during summer
A popular belief that there are fewer Chinook salmon during the summer in Canadian waters for southern resident killer whales, compared to an abundance of fish for northern resident killer whales, has been debunked by a study led by scientists at the University of British Columbia.
Oct 12, 2021
Cancer chemotherapy drug reverses Alzheimer's symptoms in mice
A drug commonly used to treat cancer can restore memory and cognitive function in mice that display symptoms of Alzheimer's disease, new UBC research has found.
Oct 5, 2021
Innovative coating for blood vessels reduces rejection of transplanted organs
Researchers have found a way to reduce organ rejection following a transplant by using a special polymer to coat blood vessels on the organ to be transplanted.
Aug 9, 2021
Surprising insights into the migration pattern of world's farthest-migrating species
The Arctic tern—which has the world record for the longest annual migration—uses just a few select routes, a key finding that could help efforts to conserve the species, according to a new University of British Columbia study.
Aug 5, 2021
Physical fitness of wild Pacific sockeye salmon unaffected by PRV
The respiratory performance of wild Pacific sockeye salmon functions normally even when infected with piscine orthoreovirus (PRV), according to a new study released today.
Jul 13, 2021
A planet without apes? New research highlights danger to gorillas, chimpanzees and bonobos in shifting habitats
New analysis published today reveals that if the pressures on great ape habitat remain unchecked, Africa's great apes could lose between 85 and 94 per cent of their range by the year 2050. Jacqueline Sunderland-Groves, a great ape expert in UBC's faculty of forestry explains what can be done to ensure the long-term survival of gorillas, chimpanzees and other great apes.
Jun 7, 2021
Salmon virus originally from the Atlantic, spread to B.C. wild salmon from farms: Study
Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) – which is associated with kidney and liver damage in Chinook salmon – is continually being transmitted between open-net salmon farms and wild juvenile Chinook salmon in British Columbia waters, according to a new genomics analysis published today in Science Advances.
May 26, 2021
Female salmon are dying at higher rates than male salmon
Female adult sockeye from the Fraser River are dying at significantly higher rates than their male counterparts on the journey back to their spawning grounds, finds new UBC research.
Mar 24, 2021
UBC releases 2019 animal research statistics
UBC's summary of animals involved in research at the university in 2019 is now available.
Nov 17, 2020
Camera traps show impact of recreational activity on wildlife
The COVID-19 pandemic has fired up interest in outdoor activities in our parks and forests. Now a new UBC study highlights the need to be mindful of how these activities may affect wildlife living in protected areas.
Sep 24, 2020
Long live the queen: UBC scientists find clues to queen bee failure
Scientists at UBC are unravelling the mysteries behind a persistent problem in commercial beekeeping that is one of the leading causes of colony mortality—queen bee failure.
Sep 8, 2020


text: Since 1991, NOAA/PMEL has routinely detected Tertiary waves from NE Pacific ocean earthquakes using the U.S. Navy's SOSUS hydrophone arrays. Tertiary (T) waves are seismically generated acoustic waves (between 5--50 Hz) that propagate over great distances in the oceanic sound channel with little loss in signal strength. Low attenuation, combined with the availability of detailed ocean acoustic velocity models, have made T waves extremely useful for monitoring seafloor earthquakes; T waves allow for highly accurate epicentral locations, and a reduction of the detection threshold by almost two orders of magnitude. However, it is still not well understood how seismic energy generated at the earthquake source propagates through the seafloor--ocean interface and couples to the sound channel. Hence, the relationship between earthquake source parameters and the T-wave amplitude recorded at the hydrophone are not directly known. The goal of this paper is to empirically compare earthquake magnitude, seismic moment, and fault orientation (radiation pattern) to an event's T-wave source level to see if systematic relationships exist. T-wave source level is estimated by deconvolving instrument gain and the transmission loss from the T-wave signal, thus resulting in the earthquake's acoustic energy at the seafloor--ocean interface.


text: This paper addresses 3-D reconstruction of a marine floating platform using an unmanned surface vessel (USV). Lidar and sonar sensors equipped on the USV are used to gather volumetric point cloud data of the floating platform structure both above and below the waterline. These measurements are collected in the vehicle-fixed frame, and thus, an accurate estimation of the vehicle 's pose (i.e., position and attitude) is essential for satisfactory 3-D reconstruction. Because global positioning system signals are severely deteriorated or unavailable around large steel structures, relative navigation with respect to the planar surfaces of their hull structures is performed in the framework of simultaneous localization and mapping. To verify and demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach, a field experiment around a full-scale semisubmersible platform was conducted using a custom-designed USV.


text:
Photometric Units of Measurement
The intensity of electric lights is commonly given as so many candlepower, i.e., so many times the intensity of a standard candle. Since an ordinary candle is not a sufficiently accurate standard, the unit of intensity has been defined in various ways. It was originally defined as the luminous intensity in a horizontal direction of a candle of specified size burning at a specified rate. Later the international candle was taken as a standard; not actually a candle, it is defined in terms of the luminous intensity of a specified array of carbon-filament lamps. In 1948 a new candle, about 1.9% smaller than the former unit, was adopted. It is defined as 1/60 of the intensity of one square centimeter of a black body radiator at the temperature at which platinum solidifies (2,046°K). This unit is sometimes called the new international candle; the official name given to it by the International Commission of Illumination (CIE) is candela.
Other quantities of importance in photometry include luminous flux, surface brightness (for a diffuse rather than point source), and surface illumination. Luminous flux is the radiation given off in the visible range of wavelengths by a radiating source. It is measured in lumens, one lumen being equal to the luminous flux per unit solid angle (steradian) emitted by a unit candle. Surface brightness is measured in lamberts, one lambert being equal to an average intensity of 1/π candle per square centimeter of a radiating surface. The intensity of illumination, also called illuminance, is a measure of the degree to which a surface is illuminated and is thus distinguished from the intensity of the light source. Illumination is given in footcandles, i.e., so many times the illumination given by a standard candle at 1 ft. Another unit of illumination is the lux, one lux being equal to one lumen incident per square meter of illuminated surface. One lux equals 0.0929 footcandle.
Sections in this article:

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The Comparison of the Effect of Honey, Dextromethorphan, and Diphenhydramine on the Nightly Cough and Sleep Quality of Children and Their Parents
The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, July 12, 2010
Objectives: Coughing is a prevalent symptom of upper respiratory infections (URIs) that cause disturbance in the sleep of children and their parents. There is as yet no reliable treatment to control URIs and their related cough; however, drugs such as dextromethorphan (DM) and diphenhydramine (DPH) are now mainly used in the world. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of honey, DM, and DPH on the nightly cough and sleep quality of children and their parents.
Design: This was a clinical trial study in which 139 children aged 24–60 months suffering from coughing due to URIs were selected and assigned randomly to 4 groups. The first group received honey (HG), the second one DM (DMG), the third DPH (DPHG), but the fourth group or control group (CG) was assigned to a supportive treatment.
Outcome measures: After approximately a 24-hour intervention, the 4 groups were reexamined and their cough frequency, cough severity, and sleep quality in children and their parents were recorded by using the questionnaire with Likert-type questions.
Results: The mean of cough frequency score HG is 4.09±0.72 and 1.93±0.65 before and after the intervention, respectively, while these figures for the CG are 4.11±0.78 and 3.11±0.57, respectively. After the intervention, the difference of the mean score of the variables in all groups became statistically significant. The mean score of all variables in HG has stood significantly higher than those in other groups. There is also a significant relationship between the DMG and CG groups, even though there is no statistically difference between DMG and DPHG groups.
Conclusions: The result of the study demonstrated that receiving a 2.5-mL dose of honey before sleep has a more alleviating effect on URIs-induced cough compared with DM and DPH doses.


text:
|Author:||Rao, B. K. ; Rajput, T. B. S.|
|Book Group Author:||NA|
A decision support system for canal water releases (CWREDSS) was developed to provide demand-based optimal canal water releases for reducing the gap between canal supplies and demands for increasing the water-use efficiency in canal command areas. The developed decision support system (DSS) was evaluated under different situations of the command area of Guvvalagudem major distributary of the Nagarjunasagar Left Canal, Andhra Pradesh, India, as a case study. Results indicate that the CWREDSS is capable of developing releases under different scenarios of varying cropping patterns, groundwater use situations and different rainfall probability levels of the study area, and reduced the gap between demands and supplies considerably. DSS provides suggestions/decisions under different situations of water deficit/surplus. CWREDSS will help irrigation engineers, agronomists and agro-meteorologists in the planning, operation and management of irrigation systems.
|Pages:||90 - 98|
canals, cropping systems, decision support systems,groundwater, irrigation, irrigation systems, irrigation water, watermanagement, water use, water use efficiency, Andhra Pradesh, India,India, South Asia, Asia, Developing Countries, Commonwealth of Nations,water resource management, watering, Plant Cropping Systems (FF150),Soil Water Management (Irrigation and Drainage) (JJ800) (Revised June2002) [formerly Soil Water Management], Water Resources (PP200),Mathematics and Statistics (ZZ100)


text:
On this episode Your Local Weather Authority talks about weather history. From local history to international weather related history.
Adam discussed the importance and interesting anniversary of some of the first weather maps to be published in a newspaper. Sir Francis Galton published his maps on April 1st, 1875 with images drawn out from the weather observed in Western Europe the day before to help give the public a forecast. This was made in a time period where weather data was usually only found at surface observations.
Along with the meteorological feat, the group talked about multiple tornado outbreaks from late March and Early April. Some of the most historic events happened early in severe weather season.
The meteorologists also talked about the local history of the NWS office in Lincoln. How they went from being a Weather Bureau Office in Peoria to moving Central Illinois operations to the city of Lincoln.
Here are some links to articles about some of the events discussed and the NWS Lincoln office's own history:
Comfrey, Minnesota Tornado Event
This Day In Weather History Facebook Page


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Posted
Binding the ASP.NET TreeView to a DataSet or an ObjectDataSource
, 2 May 2008 CPOL
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The TreeView can not bind to a DataSet or to an ObjectDataSource. With one line of code, you can do that now.
Introduction
The TreeView in ASP.NET is a powerful control that helps display hierarchical data. However, unlike other controls, it does not support binding to a DataSet or an ObjectDataSource. I have seen a lot of developers do this the old fashioned way, filling the tree programmatically, which is a waste of time and energy.
The solution
The key to this solution is that the TreeView can bind to any object implementing the interface IHierarchicalDataSource. So, this article presents to you a small class that will take a DataSet as an input and return an object that implements IHierarchicalDataSource so that the TreeView can easily bind with your DataSets.
Under the hood
The class HierarchicalDataSet presents data in a hierarchy, which means supports Parent-Child relationships, just like the nature of a TreeView control. You have nodes, and under some nodes, you have children. Creating this structure in a database involves having a table reference itself to implement the parent-child relationship. Here is how such a table would look like:
Table
Here is a quick example for some records to see how they will present the child parent relationship:
DataRow row = dataSet.Tables[0].NewRow();
row["ID"] = 1;
row["Text"] = "Parent 1";
dataSet.Tables[0].Rows.Add(row);
row = dataSet.Tables[0].NewRow();
row["ID"] = 2;
row["Text"] = "Parent 2";
dataSet.Tables[0].Rows.Add(row);
row = dataSet.Tables[0].NewRow();
row["ID"] = 3;
row["ParentID"] = 1;
row["Text"] = "Child 1";
dataSet.Tables[0].Rows.Add(row);
row = dataSet.Tables[0].NewRow();
row["ID"] = 4;
row["ParentID"] = 1;
row["Text"] = "Child 2";
dataSet.Tables[0].Rows.Add(row);
row = dataSet.Tables[0].NewRow();
row["ID"] = 5;
row["ParentID"] = 2;
row["Text"] = "Child 3";
dataSet.Tables[0].Rows.Add(row);
row = dataSet.Tables[0].NewRow();
row["ID"] = 6;
row["ParentID"] = 2;
row["Text"] = "Child 4";
dataSet.Tables[0].Rows.Add(row);
Using the code
Using the code is very simple. You need to call the constructor of the class that takes the DataSet and the two column names needed. The primary key and the foreign key reference the same table.
TreeView1.DataSource = new HierarchicalDataSet(dataSet, "ID", "ParentID");
The original blog of this article can be found here.
Hope this helps.
License
This article, along with any associated source code and files, is licensed under The Code Project Open License (CPOL)
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About the Author
Ralph Varjabedian
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Lebanon Lebanon
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Comments and Discussions

GeneralRe: Not so nice though! Pin
Ralph Varjabedian4-May-08 6:05
memberRalph Varjabedian4-May-08 6:05
GeneralRe: Not so nice though! Pin
nutwiss14-May-08 6:23
membernutwiss14-May-08 6:23
GeneralRe: Not so nice though! Pin
rexahs7-Oct-08 7:38
memberrexahs7-Oct-08 7:38
GeneralRe: Not so nice though! Pin
Ralph Varjabedian10-Oct-08 0:08
memberRalph Varjabedian10-Oct-08 0:08
QuestionWhy didn't Microsoft provide this? Can you make this work with custom collection? Pin
defwebserver2-May-08 11:04
memberdefwebserver2-May-08 11:04
AnswerRe: Why didn't Microsoft provide this? Can you make this work with custom collection? Pin
Ralph Varjabedian2-May-08 14:27
memberRalph Varjabedian2-May-08 14:27
AnswerRe: Why didn't Microsoft provide this? Can you make this work with custom collection? Pin
Ralph Varjabedian9-May-08 0:11
memberRalph Varjabedian9-May-08 0:11
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text:
Curio 1.0.1 Release Notes
February 17th, 2004 — our first public release!
Curio 1 runs on macOS Jaguar (10.2) or above, with Safari.
- Page Setup changes are now stored with the document.
- Dossier and text figure text views now have continuous spell checking enabled.
- Select All in an idea space now selects scribble region as well.
- Added m4p to the list of music asset extensions so they can be played within the idea space.
- Library assets marked for deletion weren't being purged.
- Resizing the dossier's Edit Questions dialog had problems.
- Fixed issue with Quick Zoom: press the q key, click on a figure, drag it, then release, and release the q key. You were placed where you clicked, not where you released.
- Fixed issues with dossier text views wrapping text under the scrollbar region.
- Dragging categories around in dossier's Edit Questions is now easier to do.
- Option-dragging a figure or scribble region used to jump a bit when the drag started.
- Redraw problems when pasting a figure rectangle.
- Pasted figure archives are now arranged a bit nicer.
- Dropped assets from the Finder are now arranged a bit nicer.
- Undoing the creation of a rectangle is now cleaner.
- Greatly increased the selection speed when dragging a selection region.
- Full Screen mode is now canceled if the last document is closed.
- The opacity inspector control is now disabled if the eraser tool is used.
- Crash no longer occurs if, while editing a text figure, you press and hold spacebar to activate hand-scroll mode.
- Inspector is now cleared when the project dossier is brought up.
- Undoing asset title changes where multiple instances exist in an idea space is now cleaned up.
- You can now save while still in the middle of editing a text figure and the edits are saved.
- Holding Shift while creating a rectangle or circle figure is no longer flakey.
- Grabbing resize handles is now a lot easier.
- Fixed problem in the asset library with tracking multiple references of a child asset within the same idea space.
- Dossier text views now support Bold and Italic formatting menu items and hot keys.
- Show Ruler now toggles to Hide Ruler as appropriate.
- Document attributes are now only saved if the user specifically saves the document.
- Fixed fuzzy text problems with using Quick Zoom or the zoom-to-fit scaling feature.
- Deleting an idea space no longer removes contained assets.
- Fixed horizontal scrollbar resize issue when Organizer is collapsed.


text:
The Legislative Assembly, the unicameral legislative body for Mexico City, just passed a marriage equality bill 39-20. The mayor is expected to sign it. Mexico City has been a regional leader in LGBT rights, passing a civil unions law and other LGBT-positive legislation in recent years.
The Los Angeles Times says:
The bill calls for changing the definition of marriage in the city's civil code. Marriage is currently defined as the union of a man and a woman. The new definition will be "the free uniting of two people."
The change would allow same-sex couples to adopt children, apply for bank loans together, inherit wealth and be included in the insurance policies of their spouse, rights they were denied under civil unions allowed in the city. …
Argentina's capital became the first Latin American city to legalize same-sex civil unions in 2002 for gay and lesbian couples. Four other Argentine cities later did the same, and as did Mexico City in 2007 and some Mexican and Brazilian states. Uruguay alone has legalized civil unions nationwide.
Buenos Aires lawmakers introduced a bill for legalizing gay marriage in the national Congress in October but it has stalled without a vote, and officials in the South American city have blocked same-sex wedding because of conflicting judicial rulings. …
City lawmaker Victor Romo, a member of the mayor's leftist party, called it a historic day. "For centuries unjust laws banned marriage between blacks and whites or Indians and Europeans," he said. "Today all barriers have disappeared."


text:
OPTIMUM ADAPTATION OF THE CONVENTIONAL TRACK TO FUTURE TRAFFIC. RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE TRACK (CONTINUED)
Measurements of ballast stiffness and damping have been made for ORE D 117 Committee. Two aspects of the work are reported here. A special purpose vehicle was built to measure static and dynamic stiffness and energy losses for a range of ballast depths and formations, on existing BR tracks. Results of these tests are reported here. Appendix 1 contains an account on the validity of the theory of foundation vibration and concludes that a relatively simple model can be used to predict ballast behavior.
- Restrictions on the use of this document are contained in the explanatory material.
International Union of RailwaysOffice of Research and Experiments
- Publication Date: 1975-4
- Features: Figures; Tables;
- Pagination: 29 p.
- TRT Terms: Ballast (Railroads); Equipment tests; Inspection; Railroad tracks; Stiffness; Test vehicles; Tests; Track components
- Identifier Terms: British Rail
- Uncontrolled Terms: Ballast
- Old TRIS Terms: Ballast quality; Ballast stiffness; Question d117; Radcliffe-on-trent test track; Test equipment; Track component investigations
- Subject Areas: Geotechnology; Railroads;
- Accession Number: 00053159
- Record Type: Publication
- Source Agency: International Union of Railways
- Report/Paper Numbers: D117/RP 6/E
- Files: TRIS
- Created Date: Jun 5 1976 12:00AM


text:
I've recently come to grips in Turkish about the subtleties of translating "to like", and am wondering about how it works in a few other languages including Hungarian. What is the difference between:
I do know that "tetszik" is different from the others in that its structure is better translated as "to appeal to sb/sg" rather than "to like". However are there situations where natives prefer to use "kedvel-" over "szeret-" (and vice-versa)? What are some other ways Hungarians could use to translate "to like"? (i.e. did I miss including other verbs that Hungarians use to translate "to like" etc.?)
As I learn more languages, the more I realize that few true synonyms exist. It's more accurate to think of matters as a few words overlapping in meaning or register but the nuances remain distinct and beyond the grasp of a learner or not always covered in a big dictionary.


text:
WiFi Calling is one extensive technology by which you can make calls and text messages at the expense of your Wi-Fi network. However, the service doesn't go smoothly forever. The Error Er01 "Invalid Certificate" is quite common with Wi-Fi calling but getting rid of it doesn't require much of your time.
The Invalid Certificate can be seen to come up as ER01. This Error usually means that your phone is having connectivity and functionality troubles with Wi-Fi calling feature. There are several quick ways to encounter the issue but I am afraid that sometimes your Wi-Fi Calling issue doesn't get solved with simple steps. In this article, we are providing some authentic and easy troubleshooting steps that would likely solve your Wi-Fi Calling issue.
Why Am I Having ER01 INVALID CERTIFICATE ERROR?
This issue mostly happens to those who are working in their organizations and trying to connect to their people using Wi-Fi calling over the company's Wi-Fi network. Many people failed to make calls due to the IT department of their workplace continuously blocking their employees' calling activity on their company's network. In homes, this ER01 Invalid Certificate might be happening due to improper installment of your home Wi-Fi network and other settings.
The following are some troubleshooting steps to encounter the ER01 Invalid Certificate Error.
Ways To Troubleshoot WiFi Calling ER01 Invalid Certificate:
Here is the priority list that'd help you get rid of the issue. Try to keep up yourself with the following steps priority wise.
- Check The WiFi Calling Feature On Your Phone:
First of all, you would need to check if the Wi-Fi calling feature is enabled on your device. Log in to your network by entering the correct credentials. Here you will be given a lot of options. Look for the device that you want to enable Wi-Fi calling on. Click on the Edit icon that contains a Wi-Fi calling option and enable it.
- Check The WiFi Calling Services Enabled:
After enabling the Wi-Fi calling feature, make sure that you have marked all the featured services.
- Switch Your WiFi Calling Preferences:
Set up your troubled device to prioritize Wi-Fi calling. It would help you connect to Wi-Fi calling when the cellular signals are excellent. Make sure to update your Wi-Fi calling preferences to get rid of the ER01 "Invalid Certificate" Error. Here is how you would need to prefer the devices:
- Soft Reset Your WiFi Calling Enabled Device:
If none of the troubleshooting steps helps, we would suggest you to Soft Reset your connected device or phone. Soft Reset does not remove anything from your Wi-Fi enabled phone. Moreover, it is safe.
- Update Your Device:
Updating your devices for features like WiFi calling is very important to have run smoothly.
WiFi Calling Error ER01 Invalid Certificate is most common to occur. It meanly means that your phone is having trouble while connecting to Wi-Fi Calling. Just disable your phone's WiFi calling feature and enable it again. That's it!


text:
Frederick Childe Hassam (Boston, 1859 – East Hampton, Connecticut, 1935) was an American Impressionist painter. In 1886, he went to Paris to study. By suggestion of Celia Thaxter he switch his name from "Frederick C. Hassam" to the more artistic-sounding "F. Childe Hassam".
On his second trip to Europe in _PHONE_, Hassam had been among the first Americans to embrace French impressionism. With his New Englander's worship of order, however, he consistently subjected his compositions and brushstrokes to a geometric rigor. Hassam even claimed, somewhat dubiously, "I have to de-bunk the idea that I use dots of color, so called, or what is known as Impressionism."
Hassam was a prolific artist with more than 3,000 works. He liked to paint scenes of New York life and landscapes of New England, most of them at plain air with freshness and a clear luminous atmosphere. His most distinctive and famous works of his later life are a set of paintings known as the "Flag series".


text:
Date Added: Jul 2009
This paper presents Agilla, a mobile agent middleware designed to support self-adaptive applications in wireless sensor networks. Agilla provides a programming model in which applications consist of evolving communities of agents that share a wireless sensor network. Coordination among the agents and access to physical resources are supported by a tuple space abstraction. Agents can dynamically enter and exit a network and can autonomously clone and migrate themselves in response to environmental changes. Agilla's ability to support self-adaptive applications in wireless sensor networks has been demonstrated in the context of several applications, including fire detection and tracking, monitoring cargo containers, and robot navigation. Agilla, the first mobile agent system to operate in resource-constrained wireless sensor platforms, was implemented on top of TinyOS.


text:
Banwari Trace in Trinidad
The Oldest Site in the West Indies!
Issued: 18th March 2004
In November 1969, the Trinidad and Tobago Historical Society discovered the remains of a human skeleton at Banwari Trace. Lying on its left-hand side, in a typical Amerindian "crouched" burial position along a northwest axis, Banwari Man (as it is now commonly called) was found 20-cm below the surface.
This important archaeological site at Banwari Trace in Southwest Trinidad was recently featured in World Monument Watch 2004, an internationally acclaimed magazine that highlights the world's 100 most endangered sites. Dr. Basil Reid, Head of The University of the West Indies Archaeology Centre and Lecturer in Archaeology at UWI, recently wrote about the importance of this historical site to our cultural heritage and pre-Columbian history.
"Dated to about 5000 B.C. (years Before Christ) or 7000 B.P (years Before Present), it is the oldest pre-Columbian site in the West Indies. Banwari Trace sheds considerable light on the patterns of migration of Archaic (pre-ceramic) peoples from mainland South America to the Lesser Antilles via Trinidad between 5000 and 2000 B.C. The site provides rich insights into the lifeways of one of the earliest pre-Columbian settlers in the Caribbean. The Trace has also yielded human remains of Trinidad's oldest resident."
Dr. Reid explained that Banwari Trace's antiquity holds much significance for understanding the migratory patterns of Archaic peoples from South America into the Caribbean region. Also as the oldest Archaic site in the West Indies, Banwari Trace clearly indicates that southwest Trinidad was one of the first migratory "stops" for northward-bound Archaic settlers who eventually colonised several islands in the Caribbean archipelago.
Dr. Reid went on to detail the artifacts found at the site and their relevance. He stated that: " The Banwari Trace complex shows a highly distinctive cultural assemblage, typically consisting of artifacts made of stones and bones. Objects associated with hunting and fishing include bone projectile points, most likely used for tipping arrows and fish spears, beveled peccary teeth used as fishhooks, and bipointed pencil hooks of bone which were intended to be attached in the middle to a fishing-line…"
The 3,127.2-m² property on which the site is situated is now Government-owned, having being acquired from a private landowner in March 2000; while the skeletal remains of Banwari Man are presently in the custody of the Life Science Department, U.W.I., St. Augustine. Preserved with cellulose-in-acetone, the skeleton is in a secure environment and is very much available for future studies by a physical anthropologist.
"Banwari Trace, given its tremendous importance to the pre-Columbian history of Trinidad and Tobago and the wider Caribbean, requires that we commit significant financial and technical resources to its protection, preservation and professional research," Dr. Reid concluded.


text:
Solar Powered Separator Alarm
Ideal for remote locations and where mains power is unavailable. The Solar Alarm removes the need for digging ducts and laying long cable runs, making installation efficient and cost effective.
The Solar Alarm removes the need for digging ducts and laying long cable runs, making installation efficient and cost effective. The solar separator alarm alerts the user of a fault by means of a flashing amber xenon beacon or via mobile phone text messaging.
The standard system is supplied complete with an intrinsically safe control unit together with a high oil probe and a steel mounting stand to automatically detect the levels of oil within.
The control unit is capable of monitoring up to 6 probe units in 2 separator tanks (3 probes per tank), to automatically monitor oil, silt and liquid levels notifying immediately when the separator needs emptying and therefore eliminating unnecessary waste management visits.
If excessive levels are reached the alarm activates a claxon or beacon to provide an audible or visual notification of excessive liquid levels. For more remote applications an alert can be transmitted by text message.
Alarm warnings allow you time to take corrective action ensuring the safe and economic operation of separators preventing oil passing through the separator and polluting watercourses which may result in expensive fines and clean up costs.
The status of the probes is displayed via a liquid crystal display which can be customised to display your messages.
There are 2 Solar Alarms available, the Beacon System alerts the user by means of a flashing amber xenon beacon, alternatively there is the GSM System which will alert the user via mobile phone text messaging.
The solar separator alarm comprises:
© Darcy 2021 Darcy Spillcare Manufacture 2015 All Rights Reserved all 3rd party trademarks acknowledged.
Darcy Products Limited trading as Darcy Spillcare Manufacture, a company registered in England number _PHONE_.
The registered office of the company is, Brook House, Larkfield Trading Estate, New Hythe Lane, Larkfield, Kent ME20 6GN


text:
Find and Replace Basics
Bluefish offers a wide range of find and replace methods in the Edit menu, also available through the contextual menu within a document. Here we will explore the most basic ones. For advanced find and replace methods, see Section 5, "Find and Replace".
10.1. Searching for a word within a whole document
Choose the Edit → Find... (Ctrl+F) menu item. A Find dialog will be displayed. Enter the word (or string) to search for in the Search for: field. Then click OK.
If the search is successful, the document window scrolls up to the first occurrence of the string to search in the document and highlights it.
Below is an example of a search applied to a mediawiki document.
To find a subsequent occurrence of the string, use the Edit → Find again (Ctrl+G) menu item. If no further occurrence is found, a dialog will be displayed notifying you that no match was found.
10.2. Setting limits to the search scope
You may want to search for a string from the cursor location till the end of the document. Here is an example to search all name == occurrences within a python script from a given location.
Procedure V.2. Searching from selection
- Put the cursor where you want to start the search from in the document window
- Open the Find... dialog
- Enter your search string in the Search for: field
- Choose Current position till end from the Starts at: pop up menu
- Click OK.
Here is the result:
Notice that the search does not take into account the occurrence of the same string at line 50, since it is outside the search scope.
You can also limit the search scope to a selection range. In that case, highlight the selection before the search, and choose Beginning of selection till end of selection from the Starts at: pop up menu in the Find dialog.
10.3. Case sensitive search
By default, the search process is case insensitive. If you want to make it case sensitive, just check the Match case box in the Find dialog.
Here is the result applied to a ruby script:
Notice again that the result does not catch the XML string at line 45, since the search string was xml and case sensitive search was requested.
10.4. Overlapping searches
It may occur that the document contains some kind of palindrome you want to search for. The "normal" find process does not retrieve all occurrences of that kind of string.
In this case, you have to check the Overlap searches box in the Find dialog to retrieve all occurences of the string.
The search (with Ctrl+F, then Ctrl+G) will give the following results:
10.5. Retrieving previous search strings
Notice that the pop up menu to the right of the Search for field in the Find dialog allows you to retrieve previous search strings. They are listed in reverse order by search history, providing quicker access to the most recent searches.
10.6. More on find
For an explanation of the Bookmark results box of the Find dialog, see Section 4.1, "Generating several bookmarks at once".
You will find details on Find Again and Find from Selection in Section 5, "Find and Replace".
For a quick way of switching from HTML entities to other types of encoding and changing letter cases, see Section 5.1, "Special find and replace features".
10.7. Replacing features
The Edit → Replace... (Ctrl+H) menu item works the same way and has all the features, the Edit → Find... (Ctrl+F) menu item offers.
The Replace dialog is also accessible through the contextual menu within a document.
For the features common to the Find dialog, see 10.1, "Searching for a word within a whole document".
Here we will explain the features unique to the Replace dialog.
10.8. Retrieving previous replace strings
As for the Search for field's pop up menu, the Replace with field's pop up menu allows you to retrieve previous strings used for replace, the most recent ones being at the top of the list.
10.9. Changing letter case when replacing
If you want to change letter case when replacing, use the Replace type pop up menu.
The default choice is Normal, that is the case is not changed.
With the Uppercase replace type, the search string will be replaced with its uppercase translation.
Likewise, with the Lowercase replace type, the search string will be replaced with its lowercase translation.
Notice that in this case, the Replace with field is deactivated, thus not taken into account even if you have entered some string in it.
10.10. Choosing strings to replace
It may occur that you do not want to replace all search strings retrieved by the search process, but only some of them.
In this case, check the Prompt before replace box. A Confirm replace dialog will appear for each retrieved string where you can choose to Skip this string, i.e. leave it as it is, Replace it, Replace all strings within the search scope, or Close the dialog, i.e. cancel the process.
If you want to replace only the first occurrence of a search string, check the Replace once box instead.
10.11. More on replace
For further explanation on replace features within Bluefish, see Section 5, "Find and Replace".


text:
Indian and Himalayan Art
A Woman with an Ascetic (Kedara Raga)
Artist/maker unknown, India
Opaque watercolor on paper
Currently not on view
2004-149-53125th Anniversary Acquisition. Alvin O. Bellak Collection, 2004
LabelThe ragamala (garland of musical modes) is one of the most popular subjects of Indian painting. Ragas are selections of musical notes and patterns that invoke particular emotions, times of day, and seasons of the year. Ragamala verses and illustrations are the poetic and visual personifications of ragas. The system, however, is very complex and the meaning of particular images is not always clear. This scene is labeled on the painting as Kedara Raga, a melody to be sung on wintry nights. Images of Kedara Raga usually depict an ascetic and a musical instrument. Here a young ascetic is seated on the right, his renunciation of the physical world shown only by his matted hair and scanty clothing. The motif of the instrument, however, is absent. This particularly elaborate ragamala series shows the vibrant palette and strong contrasts of hue and tone favored by painters from the small state of Sirohi in southern Rajasthan.


Main Page | See live article | Alphabetical index
Ash tree
Ash is the name of three very distinct group of trees. In America and Europe, "ash" generally refers to trees of the Genus Fraxinus. In Great Britain, "ash" also refers to the mountain ash or Rowan, Genus Sorbus. In Australia, "mountain ash" refers to a type of eucalyptus, Eucalyptus regnans, one of the tallest trees in the world (perhaps second only to the coast redwood).
Table of contents
1 Ash Genus: Fraxinus
2 Cultural aspects
Ash Genus: Fraxinus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Scrophulariales *
Family: Oleaceae
Genus: Fraxinus
 Fraxinus americana -- white ash
 Fraxinus angustifolia -- narrowleaf ash
 Fraxinus anomala -- single-leaf ash
 Fraxinus apertisquamifera
 Fraxinus caroliniana -- water ash
 Fraxinus cuspidata -- fragrant ash
 Fraxinus dipetala -- two-petal ash
 Fraxinus dubia
 Fraxinus excelsior -- common ash
 Fraxinus baroniana
 Fraxinus bungeana -- Bunge ash
 Fraxinus chinensis -- Chinese ash
 Fraxinus chiisanensis
 Fraxinus floribunda
 Fraxinus gooddingii -- Goodding's ash
 Fraxinus greggii -- Gregg's ash
 Fraxinus griffithii
 Fraxinus holotricha
 Fraxinus hubeiensis
 Fraxinus lanuginosa
 Fraxinus latifolia -- Oregon ash
 Fraxinus longicuspis -- Japanese ash
 Fraxinus malacophylla
 Fraxinus mandshurica -- Manchurian ash
 Fraxinus micrantha
 Fraxinus nigra -- black ash
 Fraxinus ornus -- flowering ash
 Fraxinus papillosa -- Chihuahua ash
 Fraxinus paxiana
 Fraxinus pennsylvanica -- green ash
 Fraxinus platypoda
 Fraxinus profunda -- pumpkin ash
 Fraxinus purpusii
 Fraxinus quadrangulata -- blue ash
 Fraxinus raibocarpa
 Fraxinus rufescens
 Fraxinus uhdei -- Shamel ash
 Fraxinus sieboldiana -- Chinese
 flowering ash
 Fraxinus spaethiana
 Fraxinus trifoliata
 Fraxinus velutina -- velvet ash
 Fraxinus xanthoxyloides -- Afghan ash
*Some botanists include the Oleaceae
in the order Lamiales.
The Genus Fraxinus is in the olive family (Family Oleaceae). Ashes are usually medium to large trees. Most have pinnately-compound, opposite leaves. Seeds are borne in keys, a type of fruit known as a samara.
The white ash is a particularly important timber tree in eastern North America, and is the source of wood for quality wooden baseball bats. The green ash is widely planted as a street tree in the United States. The inner bark of the blue ash has been used as a source for a blue dye.
Ashes of eastern North America include:
Ashes of western and southwestern North America include:
Ashes of Europe include:
Ashes of Asia include:
Ashes of Africa (North Africa only) include:
Cultural aspects
Norse mythology, the World Tree, Yggdrasil, was an ash tree, and the man, Ask, was formed from an ash tree (the first woman was made from alder). Elsewhere in Europe, snakes were said to be repelled by ash leaves or a circle drawn by an ash branch. Irish folklore claims that shadows from an ash tree damage crops. In Cheshire, it is said that ash could be used to cure warts or rickets.
See also; Trees of Britain, Trees of the world


Google Awards $1.2M in Natural Language Research Grants
Alex Armstrong of I Programmer reports, "Google has awarded over $1.2 million to support research in several areas of natural language understanding that relate to Google's concept of the Knowledge Graph. Google has been investing heavily in machine learning and deep neural networks to improve web search. Supporting natural language understanding is also motivated by the need to further search technology. In the announcement of the awards Google Research Blog explains how natural language processing is integral to its Knowledge Graph technology that represents a shift 'from strings to things'."
The blog post states, "Understanding natural language is at the core of Google's work to help people get the information they need as quickly and easily as possible. At Google we work hard to advance the state of the art in natural language processing, to improve the understanding of fundamental principles, and to solve the algorithmic and engineering challenges to make these technologies part of everyday life. Language is inherently productive; an infinite number of meaningful new expressions can be formed by combining the meaning of their components systematically. The logical next step is the semantic modeling of structured meaningful expressions -- in other words, 'what is said' about entities. We envision that knowledge graphs will support the next leap forward in language understanding towards scalable compositional analyses, by providing a universe of entities, facts and relations upon which semantic composition operations can be designed and implemented."
Read more here.
Image: Courtesy Google


text: The ancient name of Basilan Island was Tagime, named after a Datu who once ruled a big part of the island before the Spaniards came to Basilan. In the long past, Basilan had other names. It used to be named Uleyan, derived from a mountain located at the heart of the island. Later, it was changed to Matangal, also named after Mt. Matangal in Tuburan. Other names given were Puh Gulangan (island of forest); Umus Tambun (fertile land); Kumalarang, named after a river; Baunuh Peggesan; and later it was changed to Basih Balan.


text:
AUTHOR: NDUBISI-IGWILO CHIKA (MSc)
FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, OWERRI.
Technology is clearly among the most influential characteristics of a country experiencing rapid growth and development. The importance of satellite technology in improving the lives of the people cannot be underestimated. Satellite technology has made tremendous impact in enhancing agricultural productivity, security, environment, communication, geology and mining, governance, transportation, aviation, education, military etc. This study was carried out in order to determine the effect of satellites on the technological growth of Nigeria based on three aspects of satellite technology, satellite communication, satellite navigation and satellite remote sensing. To determine this, a quantitative research was carried out by administering questionnaires to experts in various fields affected by satellite technology to determine the extent to which these aspects of satellite technology have positively affected their jobs using the likert 5 ranking scale. A regression analysis of the result shows that all the aspects of satellite technology (communication, navigation and remote sensing) as a whole has made a significant impact on the technological growth of Nigeria. This significance can be attributed mainly to satellite communication. Satellite Navigation and Satellite Remote Sensing have contributed insignificantly to the technological growth of Nigeria. We therefore recommend from this study that for Nigeria to reap from the applications of satellite technology as experienced in more developed countries, more research and development to be carried out in the area of satellite remote sensing and navigation to improve on the lives of the people and for better national security.
TO VIEW THIS RESOURCE, PLEASE VISIT THE FUTO LIBRARY


text:
All-Russia Exhibition 1896
The All-Russia industrial and art exhibition 1896 in Nizhny Novgorod was held from May 28 (June 9) till October 1 (13), 1896. The 1896 exhibition was the biggest pre-revolution exhibition in Russian Empire and was organized with the money allotted by Nicholas II, Emperor of Russia. The All-Russia industrial conference was held together with the exhibition. The exhibition demonstrated the best achievements of the industrial development in Russia that began in the latter part of the 19th century:
- the world's first radio receiver (thunderstorm register) designed by Alexander Stepanovich Popov;
- the first Russian automobile designed by Evgeniy Yakovlev and Pyotr Freze;
- the world's first hyperboloid steel tower-shell and the world's first steel lattice hanging and arch-like overhead covers-shells (8 exhibition pavilions with the total area of more than 25 thousand square meters, including the unique rotunda of Vladimir Shukhov (Russian Empire patents №№ 1894, 1895, 1896 dated March 12, 1899);
- many other technical inventions, technologies and artistic achievements.
Savva Mamontov, who at the time was interested in building a railway between Vologda and Arkhangelsk, decided to open a Far North pavilion. He asked Konstantin Korovin, one of the most notable Russian artists at the time, to design the pavilion. In addition, he sponsored a number of trips for Korovin and other Russian artists, so that they could familiarize themselves with the topic. Korovin designed the pavilion and in addition painted ten big canvasses for the pavilion as well, depicting various aspects of Northern and Arctic lifestyle. After the closure of the Exhibition, the canvasses were eventually placed in the Yaroslavsky Rail Terminal in Moscow. In the 1960s, they were restored and transferred to the Tretyakov Gallery.
The suburb of Kanavino, on the left bank of Oka River, was chosen as the place for the exhibition. It occupied the territory of around 84 hectares within a few hundreds meters southwest of the Nizhny Novgorod Fair. Nearly 70 buildings and constructions were built in Nizhny Novgorod and at the exhibition with the money allotted by the Nicholas II Emperor of Russia. Also, more than 120 pavilions of private companies were built on the territory of the exhibition.
See also
- The world's first Hyperboloid structure
- Shukhov Rotunda
- Tensile architecture
- Steel lattice shell structure
- Expo (exhibition)
- Photos of Shukhov's Towers
- Rotonda of the Panrussian Exposition (1896) at Structurae
- "The Nijni-Novgorod exhibition: Water tower, room under construction, springing of 91 feet span", "The Engineer", № 19.3.1897, P.292-294, London, 1897.
- William Craft Brumfield, "The Origins of Modernism in Russian Architecture", University of California Press, 1991, ISBN 0-520-06929-3.
- Rainer Graefe, Jos Tomlow, "Vladimir G. Suchov _PHONE_. Die Kunst der sparsamen Konstruktion.", 192 S., Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart, 1990, ISBN 3-421-02984-9.
Rotunda by V.Shukhov, Nizhny Novgorod, 1896
Shukhov Rotunda and rectangular pavilion, Nizhny Novgorod, 1896
Oval pavilion by V.Shukhov, Nizhny Novgorod, 1896
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to: All-Russia Exhibition 1896|


as applies to EVERYTHING
But falsification implies ockhams razor
Not everything has a covariable or alternative, incompatible explanation
Oi at 9:35 AM on August 11, 2020 | #17298 | reply | quote
Hickams dictum does not explain causality because causality implies cause and effect
A specific effect
However, it does still invalidate ockhams razor if we recall not only can illnesses be comorbid (or yes, falsifiable symptoms),
But a symptom be contributed by 2 illnesses which DO HAVE THE SAME biological chemical AAAND somatic anatomatical etc pathways, pathologies, result
Psychosis for instance. Or bipolar depression as opposed unipolar even in people without bipolar
You could argue dsm is not science but a reflection of clinical summed traits
True. But there are also different mutations, even with the same proteins or nucleotides, chromosomal abnormalities or alleles. Many mental illnesses share this. Many then inside spectra, subtypes
Classical autism shares the same causes as AS. But they ALSO DIFFER in MUTATION. As well symptoms, NOT SEVERITY
Parkinsons too
But we do know this. Whether it is conclusive we know WHICH for SURE
Is a matter of conclusivity. Not lack of provability
It might be unprovable whether we can ever prove it aka also prove provability
But it is definitely provable insofar as we have the data necessary. What we lack is the replicability
But replicability is an integrity issue
In newton it was not replicability since he never tested outter space
Unless we cant test, the only inductive issue is stuff like whether any pinpointed gene is alone enough to cause this
Or whether it is the ONLY sum of mutations that cause it
Might be, AS arises from these 2 mutations
But also a totally separate 2
Other hand, it is still provable, where multiple mutations occur being we have POLYGENOMIC TOOLS
Yes yes nucleotides not genomes but bear with me
Neutral theory was falsifiable
Because it was bullsh-t
But polygenomic assessment makes it easier
Whether we know where the allele originated, is ofc open to finding older corpses or an issue of dating degrading the sample
It is also not relevant to note this, alleles, wont solve mutation
Why? Mutations dont last more than at most 2 generations and those that do without new emergence only deplete as much they accumulate
If i go back 5 generations, and average assume fecundity for birth order even irrespective a btw proven not hypergamic rate, it is still maybe i share 0.0001% of the same mutations
In addition to new 1s
Yet others which arent eeeeven mutations but actual hard inheritance, say my great great aunt who had auburn hair,
That is deleted too. We can prove that if not by the way dominant or recessives work in now multiple generations passed, by dna test
Oi at 9:50 AM on August 11, 2020 | #17299 | reply | quote
It might be falsifiable the gene that causes it is the only 1 but dating is not an issue, save for imperfectness, embalment (not that i would desecrate a grave) so if you know which 1 that caused it she had,
It is...verifiable, no other allele would matter if i had any other too
Besides genetic incompatibility -- this is provable upon discovery
I am not suggesting this gene was incompatible with any other. Im just noting a general point here
Unless i applied my great great aunt or myself to all auburn descendants or assumed my ggm lacks it (unlike my gggm), i am pretty safe to confirm
Oi at 9:56 AM on August 11, 2020 | #17301 | reply | quote
Because i can only be incorrect in my claim if i overextend my claim
But a claim can be specific. That is not a nothing
Oi at 9:57 AM on August 11, 2020 | #17302 | reply | quote
I know this isnt quite probably useful to many here but maybe it is interesting
It is worth noting irony, *popper mentored hayek*
Yes. I dont like hayek. But they werent like enemies. To the contrary, at least in teaching anyway as well friendlier than with rothbard hayek ever had after the years went by (which is ofc tragic, being friendship shouldnt be held hostage but being kicked from cato by koch, i guess understandable he would be envious, hayek a 2nd rate mind much as keynes also 2nd rate got popular...though the latter, he only it is said, cackled over & even mises had a fallingout, sweet guy too, with schumpeter)
Oi at 10:21 AM on August 11, 2020 | #17303 | reply | quote
The snark wasnt directed at anybody here to clarify, earlier
It was a snark at dead guys
Oi at 11:01 AM on August 11, 2020 | #17304 | reply | quote
Here is a less primary source
You seem to come from that angle too
Reason is sociopolitical but not economical to you?
The thing is, outside of scientism, the political economy is the economy & economics is a sociology
So either scientific methodology is applied to science or everything social, cultural AND economical is reason based
But reason based in that it is human reason
If it isnt the cognition nor the axiom, isnt EVERYTHING not directly empirical a reason exercise?
Regardless what 1 thinks of economics being a sociology, it is still political
If politics is reason based, i just fail to see how those are separate
Oi at 11:22 AM on August 11, 2020 | #17305 | reply | quote
Bounded rationality isnt something needed nor math
Math can do monetary or marketing can be bounded
Ayn wasnt focused on economics but there is a reason it is directly relevant to it
This is why polanyi worked on embedment or weber, industrialization
All of it is reason. Economics is simply a specialization whereas ayn generalized it in an ideal, than a description
Oi at 11:25 AM on August 11, 2020 | #17306 | reply | quote
Whatever profession popper was or wasnt, rothbard was or wasnt,
You might be surprised to learn i consider myself a political sociologist 1st, an economist 2nd
Not 1st. So perhaps it is less to do with viewpoint. Somebody can come to a different conclusion even being only secondarily an economist
Oi at 11:30 AM on August 11, 2020 | #17307 | reply | quote
Which i sensed from how Rafe words it, he is hinting at the Weiser controversy
Surely enough, i googled it
Oi at 11:38 AM on August 11, 2020 | #17309 | reply | quote
Mises broke from Weiser on more than only 1 thing. Menger's arguments were only part of that
Weiser actually influenced Hayek more. I mentioned Laske+Polanyi
Polanyi worked with and influenced him even MORESO than weiser EVER DID
Laske's ideas are similar to Kuhn's but applied to sociology
Culturalism i mentioned, remember? Even the neurohayekians cite Kuhn
Only certain hermueneticists actually even cover this. The road to postmodernism is 1
Oi at 11:41 AM on August 11, 2020 | #17310 | reply | quote
This is then where it boils down to Husserl v Simmel primarly in part later on
Oi at 11:42 AM on August 11, 2020 | #17311 | reply | quote
Luckman, THATS the other name, other than Laske
Oi at 12:08 PM on August 11, 2020 | #17314 | reply | quote
Thank you for all the interesting links. I have been going through a lot of them using curi's suggestion of the dream reader app. It works great and I can get through a lot more content faster without sacrificing comprehension.
However, I fear that as someone who doesn't have a basic understanding of the various topics you are presenting, that I am building a library from sheets of papers here and there. Instead of books.
Any suggestions for a beginner?
Periergo at 12:15 PM on August 11, 2020 | #17315 | reply | quote
On epistemology / logic or economics?
Ive linked popper's logic of discovery up there as have I Gordon on austrian methodology
Espistemology, i have not linked?
Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding by Hume
Truths and meanings by Davidson (not an endorsement FTR)
Truth and moral sciences by Putnam (also not an endorsement)
Charles Pierce, it is best if you just get his collected papers. That is, besides, where the gold is -- personally, i hate neopragmatism but he is a MUST READ for EPISTEMOLOGY
[even BEFORE putnam or davidson, personally i hate most of all both but it gives background to the debate]
I assume you're familiar Human Action by Mises, but i have