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Creating a multi-step forms using ctools multistep wizard
18.04.2012
Creating a multi-step forms using ctools multistep wizard
Author:
In the previous post I gave an example of Ctools modal API as being operated with a single form. In this one you'll be given an insight into my web development experiences with another powerful tool, namely Ctools multistep wizard as being used with or without the modal API involvement.
Let's cut the lyrics about all those pretty-looking node, user, registration forms that are done with or without the help of this tool. The popups being used, this process will move to a higher visual level.
So, as usual, we start with hook_menu (). We declare the page which we will be calling a multi-step form and the page of the form itself:
/**
 * Implements hook_menu().
 */
function multi_example_menu() {
 $items['example/%ctools_js/form'] = array(
 'title' => 'Example form',
 'page callback' => 'multi_example_form',
 'page arguments' => array(1),
 'access callback' => TRUE,
 'type' => MENU_CALLBACK,
 );
 $items['example-link'] = array(
 'title' => 'Example form link',
 'page callback' => 'multi_example_link',
 'page arguments' => array(1),
 'access callback' => TRUE,
 'type' => MENU_CALLBACK,
 );
 return $items;
}
Functions that generate category:
/**
 * Page callback: Handles multistep precessing.
 *
 * @return string
 * Multistep wizard output.
 *
 * @see multi_example_menu()
 */
function multi_example_form($js = NULL, $step = NULL) {
 if ($js) {
 ctools_include('modal');
 ctools_include('ajax');
 }
 // Define array for ctools multistep wizard.
 $form_info = array(
 'id' => 'multi_example',
 'path' => "example/" . ($js ? 'ajax' : 'nojs') . "/form/%step",
 'show trail' => TRUE,
 'show back' => TRUE,
 'show cancel' => TRUE,
 'show return' => FALSE,
 'next callback' => 'multi_example_wizard_next',
 'finish callback' => 'multi_example_wizard_finish',
 'cancel callback' => 'multi_example_wizard_cancel',
 // Define forms order.
 'order' => array(
 'start' => t('Enter your info'),
 'second' => t('What do you know?'),
 'third' => t('What do think about drupal?'),
 'fourth' => t('Do you like cookies?'),
 ),
 // Define forms
 'forms' => array(
 'start' => array(
 'form id' => 'multi_example_form_start'
 ),
 'second' => array(
 'form id' => 'multi_example_form_second'
 ),
 'third' => array(
 'form id' => 'multi_example_form_third'
 ),
 'fourth' => array(
 'form id' => 'multi_example_form_fourth'
 ),
 ),
 );
 // We're not using any real storage here, so we're going to set our
 // object_id to 1. When using wizard forms, id management turns
 // out to be one of the hardest parts. Editing an object with an id
 // is easy, but new objects don't usually have ids until somewhere
 // in creation.
 //
 // We skip all this here by just using an id of 1.
 $object_id = 1;
 if (empty($step)) {
 // We reset the form when $step is NULL because that means they have
 // for whatever reason started over.
 multi_example_cache_clear($object_id);
 $step = 'start';
 }
 // This automatically gets defaults if there wasn't anything saved.
 $object = multi_example_cache_get($object_id);
 // live $form_state changes.
 $form_state = array(
 'ajax' => $js,
 // Put our object and ID into the form state cache so we can easily find it.
 'object_id' => $object_id,
 'object' => &$object,
 );
 // Send this all off to our form. This is like drupal_get_form only wizardy.
 ctools_include('wizard');
 $form = ctools_wizard_multistep_form($form_info, $step, $form_state);
 $output = drupal_render($form);
 if ($js) {
 // If javascript is active, we have to use a render array.
 $commands = array();
 if ($output === FALSE || !empty($form_state['complete'])) {
 // Dismiss the modal.
 $commands[] = ajax_command_html('#ctools-sample', render(multi_example_get_result($object)));
 $commands[] = ctools_modal_command_dismiss();
 }
 elseif (!empty($form_state['cancel'])) {
 // If cancelling, return to the activity.
 $commands[] = ctools_modal_command_dismiss();
 }
 else {
 $commands = ctools_modal_form_render($form_state, $output);
 }
 print ajax_render($commands);
 }
 else {
 if ($output === FALSE || !empty($form_state['complete'])) {
 return render(multi_example_get_result($object)) . "\n\r" . l(t('Back'), 'example-link');
 }
 elseif (!empty($form_state['cancel'])) {
 drupal_goto('example-link');
 }
 else {
 return $output;
 }
 }
}
We need some place to keep the interim results in. For this the cache is being used by Ctools:
/**
 * Clears the wizard cache.
 *
 * @param integer $id
 * cache id.
 */
function multi_example_cache_clear($id) {
 ctools_include('object-cache');
 ctools_object_cache_clear('multi_example', $id);
}
/**
 * Stores our little cache so that we can retain data from form to form.
 *
 * @param integer $id
 * cache id.
 * @param object $object
 * object with form values.
 */
function multi_example_cache_set($id, $object) {
 ctools_include('object-cache');
 ctools_object_cache_set('multi_example', $id, $object);
}
/**
 * Gets the current object from the cache, or default.
 *
 * @param integer $id
 * cache id.
 *
 * @return object
 * cache with stored stuff.
 */
function multi_example_cache_get($id) {
 ctools_include('object-cache');
 $object = ctools_object_cache_get('multi_example', $id);
 if (!$object) {
 // Create a default object.
 $object = new stdClass;
 }
 return $object;
}
We also need separate functions reserved for "Continue", "Cancel", "Finish" buttons:
/**
 * Handles the 'next' click on the add/edit pane form wizard.
 *
 * All we need to do is store the updated pane in the cache.
 */
function multi_example_wizard_next(&$form_state) {
 multi_example_cache_set($form_state['object_id'], $form_state['object']);
}
/**
 * Handles the 'finish' click on teh add/edit pane form wizard.
 *
 * All we need to do is set a flag so the return can handle adding
 * the pane.
 */
function multi_example_wizard_finish(&$form_state) {
 $form_state['complete'] = TRUE;
}
/**
 * Handles the 'cancel' click on the add/edit pane form wizard.
 */
function multi_example_wizard_cancel(&$form_state) {
 $form_state['cancel'] = TRUE;
}
Here are the forms proper, with the processed values herein:
/**
 * Generates


text:
From Ohio History Central
Mineral specimens are not so nearly widespread in Ohio as are fossil specimens, but many areas of the state produce interesting minerals. Many of the best specimens of mineral crystals from Ohio have come from limestone and dolomite quarries in northwestern Ohio. Unfortunately for the collector, most of these quarries are now closed to collectors because of safety and legal considerations. Always OBTAIN PERMISSION before collecting on private property. The book, Minerals of Ohio, available from the Division of Geological Survey of the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, is an excellent guide to identification, occurrence, and collecting information on minerals in Ohio.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


How To Cook Something In The Dishwasher
Ed. note: Authors Gever Tulley and Julie Spiegler's Fifty Dangerous Things (you should let your children do) builds on the premise that "dangerous" things we avoid are often eye-opening and educational. One such dangerous thing: Cooking food in your dishwasher.
Cooking in the dishwasher is not much different than baking; you just need to keep the food from getting soapy. Here's how to make dishwasher chicken, hot dogs or vegetables:
 - Aluminum Foil
 - Raw Chicken, Hot Dogs or Vegetables
 - Butter
 - Salt or Spices (optional)
 - Meat Thermometer (or Adult)
How to:
 1. Prepare food. Cut chicken into strips about 1⁄2 inch wide. If you don't like chicken, hot dogs, vegetables or apples work just as well. Place food in centre of a sheet of foil. Dab with butter and add salt or spices if you like.
 2. Seal it up. Fold up, then carefully roll the edges of the foil to create a watertight packet. You can add another layer of foil if your foil is thin. Place packet in top rack of dishwasher (middle if you have three racks) and finish loading the dishwasher with dirty dishes. Do not let packet get punctured by the rack or any dishes.
 3. Cook it. Run the dishwasher on the hottest setting (at or above 70C). After the wash cycle finishes, make sure the dry cycle completes before opening.
 5. Enjoy. Toast goes particularly well with dishwasher chicken.
Now, if only there was a way to make toast without using the toaster…
Fifty Dangerous Things explores the idea that many "dangerous" things that are interesting, eye-opening, enlightening or just plain fun! And while there are aspects of danger in virtually everything we do, the trick is to learn how mastery actually minimises danger. Walking is dangerous when we start as babies, but we persevere and it becomes safe. Next we learn to negotiate stairs. Why stop there? Why not practice and become proficient at walking on the roof or walking on a tightrope? These are just a few of the Fifty Dangerous Things the book invites you to try.


text:
To finish up our series of Biodiversity Month lectures, we are delighted to present this free talk by Professor Jane Stout of Trinity College Dublin on Sunday 28th May.
We are in the midst of a nature crisis, but it's not too late bend the curve on biodiversity loss. With more international agreements, European Directives and national policy, across all sectors and scales, nature has a chance. In addition, many actions have climate and health benefits too. This talk will cover some of the actions that are being taken in Ireland and overseas to halt and reverse biodiversity loss.
Jane Stout is a Professor at Trinity College Dublin, whose work focusses on understanding complexities of natural ecosystems and interactions between nature and people. An internationally renowned expert on pollinator and pollination ecology, Jane is a prominent voice for biodiversity and its value. Her research helps to identify societal and business risks associated with biodiversity loss, and development of habitat management solutions.
At the National Botanic Gardens we are holding Biodiversity Month throughout May to celebrate the wonders of Irish biodiversity. As always National Biodiversity Week will be running from 19th to 28th May 2023.
Free event. Book here

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
A Guide Through the Labyrinth of Conflict Management
Conflict and Communication: A Guide Through the Labyrinth of Conflict Management was developed for
the Open Society Institute's Regional Children and Youth Program for use in Central and Eastern Euro
pean schools. The information and skills presented within this curriculum can also be implemented in other
parts of the world.
Author: Daniel Shapiro
Editors: Lisa Pilsitz, Susan Shapiro
Content Editor: Fran Donelan
Assistant Editors: Sarah Aitken, Lara Davidovic, Jennifer Dellmuth
Questia, a part of Gale, Cengage Learning. _URL_
Publication information: Book title: Conflict and Communication: A Guide through the Labyrinth of Conflict Management. Contributors: Daniel Shapiro - Author, Lisa Pilsitz - Editor, Susan Shapiro - Editor. Publisher: International Debate Education Association. Place of publication: New York. Publication year: 2004. Page number: iii.
This material is protected by copyright and, with the exception of fair use, may not be further copied, distributed or transmitted in any form or by any means.


text:
Abandoned mineshafts could be used to heat Glasgow
by James Morgan
15 February 2013
In certain cases, it will be necessary to dig up streets in order to install new pipes and cables. I think that working out how to do this will prove to be the biggest challenge. However, a lot of our work is likely to be carried out in conjunction with new developments in which a centralised heat-pumping system will distribute water around houses and offices.
Experts from Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU) believe that disused coal mines could help to solve the problem of fuel poverty within Scotland's largest city. The researchers, whose work is being partly funded by ScottishPower Ltd, suspect that the warm water contained within Glasgow's abandoned mineshafts can be used to heat roads, pavements and homes.
This might sound too good to be true, but Glasgow wouldn't be the first city in the world to adopt such an approach. Hamburgers and Stockholmers already enjoy similar systems that take advantage of the geothermal energy beneath their feet. If the team – led by Project Director Dr Nick Hytiris, Senior Lecturer at GCU's School of Engineering and Built Environment – concludes that Glasgow is a suitable candidate for such a system, it has been calculated that the subterranean water supply could provide heating for approximately 40 per cent of the city's population.
To find out more about the benefits that might result from this network of almost-forgotten mineshafts, I spoke to GCU's Bjørn Aaen, a participating researcher and former technical advisor to Glasgow City Council. I began by asking how he and his colleagues plan to identify reservoirs with the potential to fuel this under-street heating system.
"We will begin by studying the maps that have already been developed by Glasgow City Council and the British Geological Survey (BGS)," Aaen replied. "These 3D models are really detailed representations of subterranean Glasgow, and they show that there are reservoirs of water stored within the city's old mine workings. The trick will be to identify the best reservoirs to use. Utilising very shallow mine workings, for instance, could cause problems relating to instability. Having said that, any water that we draw from reservoirs will be pumped back again, so there should be very little overall change in volume.
"Even so, it might be more sensible to choose reservoirs that exist at a depth of about 50m or so," he continued. "At these levels, the temperature doesn't tend to vary with the seasons. You don't have to go very deep into the ground to find water with a temperature that remains stable all year round."
Of course, assuming that Aaen and his colleagues do find a sufficient number of reservoirs to make this project economically viable, it still remains for them to pump the warm water to the places in which it is needed. I asked how difficult it would be to integrate such a system within Glasgow's already bustling underground infrastructure.
"To some extent, this depends on the distance that the water has to travel," Aaen explained. "In certain cases, it will be necessary to dig up streets in order to install new pipes and cables. I think that working out how to do this will prove to be the biggest challenge. However, a lot of our work is likely to be carried out in conjunction with new developments in which a centralised heat-pumping system will distribute water around houses and offices. For example, we are going to be working in the Clyde Gateway Regeneration area; the largest regeneration area in Scotland. As we will be starting from scratch, installing geothermal heating systems will cause very little disruption. Naturally, we will do our best to avoid digging anything up without good reason."
In the United Kingdom, a household is said to be in fuel poverty if – in addition to meeting the costs of utilities such as lighting, appliances, cooking and water heating – it spends more than 10 per cent of its income on maintaining a satisfactory heating regime.1 During recent years, energy prices have risen at a faster rate than the average income in Glasgow, leading to higher levels of fuel poverty across the city. Indeed, according to the 2008 Scottish House Condition Survey, 25 per cent of Glaswegian households are 'fuel poor'.2
In light of such statistics, I asked Aaen about the extent to which this initiative will provide heating for domestic purposes? How many people could benefit from Glasgow's geothermal energy resource?
"It has been calculated that during a 100-year period, up to 40 per cent of Glasgow's heating needs could be met by this energy resource," he replied. "It has the potential to make fuel costs more affordable for huge numbers of people. Moreover, there is existing evidence to this effect. The residents of Glenalmond Street have had this system installed for over a decade now. Whilst I am only talking about 17 houses – it is quite a small setup – the residents have reported that their heating bills have dropped to approximately £150 per year. Heating homes in this way is much cheaper than using gas or electricity."
Finally, I asked Aaen whether other UK cities are likely to follow suit if he and his colleagues find Glasgow to be a suitable host for this expansive geothermal heating infrastructure. As he explained, locations across the home nations could take advantage of their mining heritages.
"There are numerous towns and cities that exist above old mine workings similar to those that can be found beneath Glasgow," Aaen concluded. "Places across Central Scotland, England and Wales could certainly benefit from the same type of technology. After all, the remnants of mining past are spread widely across the UK and beyond."
1 'Topic guide to: Fuel Poverty', UK National Statistics
2 'Fuel poverty', Understanding Glasgow: The Glasgow Indicators Project


text:
As the elevator doors slide open, people often forget about another choice that can help them lose weight. Here's your reminder.
The little decisions that we make day in and day out can have a big impact on our weight.
In a new study, researchers looked at how to help people make a healthy choice when deciding between the elevator and the stairs. They focused on three buildings, ranging from three to 10 stories high. They measured how many people were using the stairs compared to the elevator. They then posted a sign that said "Burn Calories Not Electricity."
After the researchers put up the signs, people started using the stairs in all of the buildings 9.2% to 34.7% more often. Even nine months after the signs were installed, people were much more likely to use the stairs.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a 150-pound person burns 10 calories each minute while walking up stairs.
If you live or work in a tall building, you could burn off enough calories to treat yourself to a little dessert each week.
Over the course of a year, making little changes like this one can help your clothes fit better and your bathroom scale present a number that makes you happier.


Drop set
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
In bodybuilding and weight training, using drop sets (aka dropsets, descending sets, strip sets, the multi-poundage system the stripping method, triple-drops, down the rack, or running the rack)[1] is a technique for continuing an exercise with a lower weight once muscle failure has been achieved at a higher weight.[2][3] It is most often performed on weight machines because reducing the weight quickly is thought by some to be extremely important, but it can also be performed with dumbbells and other free weights.
History[edit]
The approach of reducing resistance during sets was described in the late 1940s by Henry Atkins, editor of Body Culture magazine, who called it the multi-poundage system.[1][4]
In the 1980s, drop sets formed part of Joe Weider's Weider System.[1]
Example[edit]
While performing a biceps curl, the person lifting the weight would start with a 25 pound dumbbell and do as many repetitions as possible without significantly compromising form. Then a 20-pound weight would be used until exhaustion is reached. One could continue to "drop" down as many times as he or she wishes, but usually the weight is not dropped to below fifty percent of his/her one rep maximum.
Variations[edit]
There are many variations possible while using the same basic concept of reducing the weight used. One way is to do a specified number of repetitions at each weight (without necessarily reaching the point of muscle failure) with an increase in the number of repetitions each time the weight is reduced. The amount or percentage of weight reduced at each step is also one aspect of the method with much variety. A wide drop set method is one in which a large percentage (usually 30% or more) of the starting weight is shed with each weight reduction. A tight drop set would remove anywhere from 10% to 25%. These definitions are somewhat arbitrary, of course, and not everyone will agree on the exact definitions.
Effects[edit]
In adults in their 50s, 12 weeks of drop-set training conducted thrice-weekly can improve muscle mass, muscle strength, muscle endurance and tasks of functionality.[5]
Drop set usage can increase the hypertrophic response to resistance training.[6]
Some researchers have reported mixed or inconclusive findings.[7]
Cautions[edit]
As it is very easy to "over train" with drop sets[citation needed], it is highly recommended that no more than one to two drop sets be done per muscle group on any given workout. This technique is also not recommended as a long term regimen. The primary focus on drop setting is to "shock" the muscles by adding stress, thus incentivizing additional hypertrophy.
Other names[edit]
Drop sets and the technique also go by the names breakdowns, burnouts, descending sets, triple-drops (when a total of three different weights are used), down the rack or running the rack (when using dumbbells), up the stack (because with a weight machine, the pin is moved up the stack of plates with each drop in weight), strip sets (when you "strip" weights off the ends of a bar), or the stripping technique (so called because of "stripping" weight plates off with each drop in weight).
References[edit]
 1. ^ a b c "What Makes Dropsets So Good, But So Nasty?". Bodybuilding.com. 9 March 2018. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
 2. ^ Evans, Nick (1 December 2009). Men's Body Sculpting. Human Kinetics. ISBN 9780736083218. Retrieved 15 October 2018 – via Google Books.
 3. ^ Wuebben, Joe (15 October 2018). Stronger Arms & Upper Body. Human Kinetics. ISBN 9781450407977. Retrieved 15 October 2018 – via Google Books.
 4. ^ "The Tight Tan Slacks of Dezso Ban: The Atkin Multi-Poundage System - Henry J. Atkin". Ditillo2.blogspot.com. 16 January 2012. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
 5. ^ Johannsmeyer, Sarah; Candow, Darren G.; Brahms, C. Markus; Michel, Deborah; Zello, Gordon A. (1 October 2016). "Effect of creatine supplementation and drop-set resistance training in untrained aging adults". Experimental Gerontology. 83: 112–119. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2016.08.005. PMID 27523919.
 6. ^ "Effects of drop set resistance training on acute stress indicators and long-term muscle hypertrophy and strength" (PDF). Researchgate.net. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
 7. ^ "Can Drop Set Training Enhance Muscle Growth?" (PDF). Researchgate.net. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
External links[edit]


Wayne Manor
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Wayne Manor
Wayne Manor as it appears in Batman and the Outsiders vol. 2, #13 (Jan. 2009)
Art by Fernando Dagnino
Notable characters Bruce Wayne
Thomas Wayne
Martha Wayne
Alfred Pennyworth
Dick Grayson
Barbara Gordon
Jason Todd
Timothy Drake
Stephanie Brown
Damian Wayne
Publisher DC Comics
Haly's Circus
Publication information
Publisher DC Comics
First appearance Detective Comics
Created by Bob Kane, Bill Finger
In-story information
Type of business Mansion
Base(s) Gotham City
Owner(s) Bruce Wayne
Wayne Manor is a fictional American setting appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics and is the personal residence of Bruce Wayne, who is also Batman. The residence is typically depicted as a large mansion on grounds outside Gotham City, maintained by the Wayne family's butler, Alfred Pennyworth. While the earliest stories showed Bruce Wayne buying the house himself, by the 1950s at the latest, retroactive continuity had established that the manor had belonged to the Wayne family for several generations. It was without exception referred to in the 1960s TV series as "stately Wayne Manor."
In live-action films, English country house locations in Nottinghamshire, Hertfordshire, and Buckinghamshire, as well as Stevenson Taylor Hall in New York, have been used to depict the less urban setting of Wayne Manor.
Access to the Batcave[edit]
The manor grounds include an extensive subterranean cave system that Bruce Wayne discovered as a boy and later used as his base of operations, the Batcave. The method used to access it has varied across the different storylines in the comics, movies, and shows. In the comic books, it is typically accessible from a hidden door in Wayne Manor's study behind a non-functioning grandfather clock, which opens to a descending staircase when the hands on said clock are turned to 10:47, the time Thomas and Martha Wayne were killed.
The grounds also includes a large hill that was partially hollowed out for Batman's aerial vehicles, and there is also an underground river system that is large enough to accommodate docking space for the Batboat and has a large opening for said vehicle.
The Wayne Foundation Penthouse era[edit]
While these grounds are the regular home of Bruce Wayne, he temporarily vacated it in the stories from the late 1960s to the early 1980s, preferring to live in a penthouse apartment on top of the Wayne Foundation building in the city, which also included a secret sub-basement acting as a Batcave.
Wayne came to this decision when Dick Grayson went off to college, which led him to decide that the mansion was now impractical with only one resident and one servant. Furthermore, Wayne decided he wanted to be closer to his main field of operations in Gotham City than a home situated outside the main urban area would allow. However, by the early 1980s, Wayne came to reconsider that purpose and decided being somewhat less accessible to the public was more advantageous for his Batman activities after all and returned to Wayne Manor.
Following the events of Cataclysm[edit]
During the events of Batman: Cataclysm a massive earthquake struck Gotham City, the epicenter of which was less than a mile from Wayne Manor. The mansion was seriously damaged, as was the cave network beneath. The ground beneath the mansion shifted significantly, and actually revealed the Batcave below. The original Manor was damaged beyond repair, forcing Bruce Wayne to redesign the Manor along with the Batcave. The new Manor is a veritable fortress, a pastiche of Gothic architecture combined with features of castellated architecture. Solar panels are installed in the new Manor, providing environmentally-friendly electricity generation for the complex.[1] It also includes a heliport for commercial helicopters.[2]
Batman: The Return of Bruce Wayne[edit]
In Batman: The Return of Bruce Wayne it is revealed that Wayne Manor was designed by Nathan Van Derm for Darius Wayne, forming a stylized "W", although the additional gardens that existed at the time the manor was built add on to this symbol to create the image of a bat.
Batman Eternal/Arkham Manor[edit]
During Batman Eternal, Hush's machinations result in Wayne Enterprises being ruined and Bruce Wayne essentially bankrupt after the villain detonates various weapons caches Batman had concealed around Gotham.[3] As part of this bankruptcy, Wayne Manor is repossessed by the city and turned into the new Arkham Asylum following the destruction of the original,[4] but Bruce decides to accept this new status quo, reasoning that he can at least make sure that his enemies remain contained in the new manor given his intimate knowledge of its entrances and exits.[5]
Other versions[edit]
Vampire Batman[edit]
In Batman & Dracula: Red Rain, Wayne Manor is destroyed as part of a plan to destroy Dracula's vampire family, bombs exposing the interior of the Batcave to sunlight after Batman lured the vampires into the cave. Although the manor collapses into the cavern system after a second series of bombs are set offthus concealing Bruce Wayne's secret - Batman and Alfred relocate to a brownstone in the center of town, Batman residing in a mausoleum in the basement while Alfred prepares his equipment in the main house. Although Alfred and Gordon stake Batman at the conclusion of Batman: Bloodstorm after he succumbs to his vampire instincts and drinks the Joker, he is restored to life after Alfred removes the stake, subsequently relocating to the catacombs underneath the remains of Wayne Manor. The manor's remains are finally destroyed for good when Gordon, Alfred, Two-Face, Killer Croc, and Two-Face's gang plant bombs on the cave roof, exposing the interior to sunlight and ending Batman's reign of terror once and for all.
Kingdom Come[edit]
In Kingdom Come, the Manor was mostly destroyed by Two-Face and Bane after Batman's true identity was exposed; the Batcave, however, remained relatively untouched. By the end of the graphic novel, the Manor has been rebuilt as a hospital/hospice for Gulag battle victims.
Other media depiction[edit]
TV series[edit]
In the 1960s live action series, the exteriors were shot at 380 South San Rafael Avenue in Pasadena, California.[6][7] The interiors were shot at various soundstages. The primary passage to the Batcave from the manor was located in Bruce Wayne's study behind a bookshelf that retracted into the wall. The bookshelf was activated by a switch hidden in a bust of William Shakespeare. The bookshelf would disappear to reveal two labeled firepoles descending to the Batcave. Through an undisclosed mechanism, the poles allowed for Batman and Robin to go from their civilian garb to costume (the film based on the TV show shows a switch which initiates the change, though the process itself was never explained). The interiors and exterior of the Wayne Manor was also used in the original Mission: Impossible TV series episodes "Charity" and "The Visitors." It was used in 2016 for another superhero group as the residence of Hydra leader, Gideon Malick, in Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. on ABC.
Webb Institute's Stevenson Taylor Hall reprises its earlier film role as Wayne Manor in the pilot for the TV series Gotham.[8]
Live-action films[edit]
Knebworth House was used for the exterior of the 1989 Batman film
Stevenson Taylor Hall, Webb Institute in Glen Cove, New York was used as Wayne Manor in Batman Forever and Batman and Robin.
Mentmore Towers was used for exterior shots in Batman Begins.
Wollaton Hall was used as Wayne Manor in The Dark Knight Rises.
Lambert Hillyer serial[edit]
The 1943 Batman serial originated the use of a grandfather clock as a door to the bat cave (or "bats' cave" as it was called in the serial), a device which was then adopted by the comics. The austere bat cave featured only an ornate desk, on the wall behind which was projected the shape of a bat.
Spencer Gordon Bennet serial[edit]
1948's Batman and Robin serial showed little more of Wayne Manor than its predecessor did. It continued the use of the grandfather clock as a secret door to the bat cave, which boasted more accoutrements than in the 1943 serial, including a holding cell.
Tim Burton films[edit]
In 1989's Batman, Knebworth House, a Gothic Tudor mansion 28 miles (45 km) north of London was used for the exterior. The interior, however, is Hatfield House, Hertfordshire. The gaming room from the movie used the long gallery, and the marble hall was used for Wayne's "arsenal" with the two-way mirror. In Batman Returns (1992), an original scale model was used for the exteriors of Wayne Manor. In the sequel, the passageway to the Batcave is uncovered by turning on the lights of an ornament in a nearby aquarium and dropping through a false floor in an iron maiden, although Alfred does quip that he'll "take the stairs".
Joel Schumacher films[edit]
In Batman Forever (1995) and Batman & Robin (1997), Webb Institute in Glen Cove, New York was used for the exterior shots of Wayne Manor. In Batman Forever, Dick Grayson discovers an entrance to the Batcave concealed behind a silverware storage cupboard.
Christopher Nolan films[


calaspargase pegol
Pronunciation: kal AS par jase PEG ol
Brand: Asparlas
What is the most important information I should know about calaspargase pegol?
You should not use this medicine if you have ever received pegaspargase and it caused an allergic reaction, a blood clot, pancreatitis, bleeding, or liver problems.
What is calaspargase pegol?
Calaspargase pegol is used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and young adults from 1 month to 21 years old.
Calaspargase pegol may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking calaspargase pegol?
You should not use calaspargase pegol if you are allergic to it, or if:
 - you have liver disease;
 - you have had a serious allergic reaction to pegaspargase; or
 - you have had a blood clot, pancreatitis, or serious bleeding caused by using asparaginase.
Tell your doctor if you have ever had:
 - pancreatitis;
 - heart problems;
 - a blood clot; or
 - liver disease.
Calaspargase pegol may harm an unborn baby. Use effective birth control to prevent pregnancy while you are using this medicine and for at least 3 months after your last dose.
Calaspargase pegol may interact with birth control pills. To prevent pregnancy while using calaspargase pegol, use an effective non-oral form of birth control (injection, implant, skin patch, vaginal ring) plus a barrier form of birth control (condom, diaphragm, cervical cap, contraceptive sponge).
Do not breastfeed while using this medicine, and for at least 3 months after your last dose.
How should I take calaspargase pegol?
Calaspargase pegol is given as an infusion into a vein. A healthcare provider will give you this injection.
Calaspargase pegol is usually given once every 21 days. Your doctor will determine how long to treat you with this medicine.
Calaspargase pegol doses are based on body surface area (height and weight). Your dose needs may change if you gain or lose weight or if you are still growing.
You will need frequent medical tests.
What happens if I miss a dose?
Call your doctor for instructions if you miss an appointment for your calaspargase pegol injection.
What happens if I overdose?
Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at _PHONE_.
What should I avoid while taking calaspargase pegol?
Follow your doctor's instructions about any restrictions on food, beverages, or activity.
What are the possible side effects of calaspargase pegol?
Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: hives, itching, redness; feeling light-headed; wheezing, difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
You will be watched closely for at least 1 hour after each injection, to make sure you do not have an allergic reaction.
Call your doctor at once if you have:
 - easy bruising, unusual bleeding;
 - high blood sugar --increased thirst, increased urination, dry mouth, fruity breath odor;
 - pancreatitis --severe pain in your upper stomach spreading to your back, nausea and vomiting;
 - liver problems --loss of appetite, stomach pain (upper right side), dark urine, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes); or
 - signs of a blood clot --headache, sudden numbness or weakness, blurred vision, chest pain, swelling or redness in an arm or leg.
Your cancer treatments may be delayed or permanently discontinued if you have certain side effects.
Common side effects may include:
 - pancreatitis;
 - blood clotting problems; or
 - abnormal liver function tests.
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
What other drugs will affect calaspargase pegol?
Other drugs may affect calaspargase pegol, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Tell your doctor about all your current medicines and any medicine you start or stop using.
Where can I get more information?
Your pharmacist can provide more information about calaspargase pegol.
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated, disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. Learn how we develop our content.
Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.


text:
Neurocognitive and functional impairment in adult and paediatric tuberculous meningitis.
journal contributionposted on 11.11.2020, 10:12 authored by Angharad G Davis, Sam Nightingale, Priscilla E Springer, Regan Solomons, Ana Arenivas, Robert J Wilkinson, Suzanne T Anderson, Felicia C Chow, Tuberculous Meningitis International Research Consortium
In those who survive tuberculous meningitis (TBM), the long-term outcome is uncertain; individuals may suffer neurocognitive, functional and psychiatric impairment, which may significantly affect their ability to lead their lives as they did prior to their diagnosis of TBM. In children who survive, severe illness has occurred at a crucial timepoint in their development, which can lead to behavioural and cognitive delay. The extent and nature of this impairment is poorly understood, particularly in adults. This is in part due to a lack of observational studies in this area but also inconsistent inclusion of outcome measures which can quantify these deficits in clinical studies. This leads to a paucity of appropriate rehabilitative therapies available for these individuals and their caregivers, as well as burden at a socioeconomic level. In this review, we discuss what is known about neurocognitive impairment in TBM, draw on lessons learnt from other neurological infections and discuss currently available and emerging tools to evaluate function and cognition and their value in TBM. We make recommendations on which measures should be used at what timepoints to assess for impairment, with a view to optimising and standardising assessment of neurocognitive and functional impairment in TBM research.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Potter County Solid Waste Authority (SWA) has established an electronic recycling program, in partnership with a Bedford company that's licensed and certified by the Pa. Dept. of Environmental Protection. This program is in its early stages and SWA is still working on arrangements. At this point, computers, televisions and cell phones are being accepted at no charge. They must be clean and separated from regular trash. These may be brought to the recycling section of the SWA transfer station in Gold Monday through Friday from 8 am to 3 pm. Recycling of these items is not available on Saturdays.
State environmental officials are advising Pennsylvanians about the Covered Devices Recycling Act, which makes it illegal to dispose of computers, televisions and computer-related devices with other solid waste, effective Jan. 24, 2013. Purpose of the act is to end the environmentally harmful disposal of hazardous chemicals found in those devices. The new law requires television and computer manufacturers to come up with new opportunities for consumers to recycle electronics ("e-waste"). Retailers must sell only devices that are registered with the state and must display in stores how consumers can recycle devices. Manufacturers must register covered devices to be sold in Pennsylvania, set up plans to collect and recycle devices, and report total weight of devices sold and recycled each year. DEP will assess manufacturers' plans, post a list of approved manufacturers and retailers on its website, and disseminate a list of collection sites for consumers.
Potter County Today is a timely information site courtesy of the Potter County Commissioners. Reprinted with Permission.


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Over the past decade, there has been a drastic shift toward heavy duty material handling storage in British Columbia. Heavier product loads landing from overseas, engineering and seismic requirements, an increasing emphasis on workplace safety and the introduction of WorksafeBC inspections have all contributed to the trend. When it comes to designing a pallet rack system, users must choose between structural or roll formed pallet racking. Structural steel pallet racking is the most durable product on the market and engineers better than roll formed, making it the superior choice for taller/heavier racking projects. The frame columns and beams are manufactured out of channel steel using a bolted connection which allows for the highest level of capacity and versatility.
Benefits of structural steel pallet rack
- Strength: Using structural steel (instead of roll-formed) in the manufacturing process creates a tougher product. Structural steel is heavier with stronger channel corners and thicker gauge metal columns. Because of this, the finished product holds up to higher abuse.
- Safety: Employee safety is a top priority and ensuring rack is up to par for seismic capacity and weight drives the discussion towards a structural rack design. Even in the case of impact, damaged structural steel sections can retain up to 90% capacity.
- Rigidity: Fully bolted connections on structural rack yield a stronger and more rigid system than roll-formed steel.
- Durability: Structural rack is manufactured to more precise specifications for longer lasting performance and is designed to withstand high-use applications such as heavy loads, quick turnover and harsh conditions.
- Versatility: Offers a wide range of sizes, designs and load capacities. Common configurations include selective, drive-in, push back and pallet flow applications.
- Food and beverage distribution
- Freezer and ambient temperatures
- Record and archive storage
- Warehouse and distribution centres
- Retail storage
Another variation of structural pallet racking is very narrow aisle (VNA). VNA pallet racking makes use of floor area and roof height to provide high-density storage with 100% accessibility and improved stock rotation. This pallet racking system is placed very close together and utilizes a side-loading forklift for loading and unloading. This enables aisles to be extremely narrow, ensuring space is used efficiently. With VNA, rotation and access to product—in addition to the amount of product stored in the warehouse—is maximized.
Contact one of our experienced pallet racking reps for a free consultation.
Steelhead Warehouse Solutions Inc. is a value-added distributor of Frazier Industrial Company.


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March 22, 2022
MachineWorks Ltd, supplier of software components to the engineering industry, has released MachineWorks 8.4.
Headline enhancements include:
- computation of safe holder profiles;
- multiple simultaneous holder and tool collision checks;
- improved simulation performance through collision check buffering;
- extensions to design part comparison Render Query;
- enhanced analysis of intersect solids for bending simulation;
- new sectioned stock view;
- application-defined swept volumes; and
- computation of safe holder profiles.
Using this new method applications can determine the maximum safe profile that can be used to machine a particular toolpath without collisions. The resulting holder profile can be compared with available holders in a tool library, allowing the end user to choose a holder they know will not cause collisions during the cutting process, the company reports.
Multiple Tool Collision Checks
A new function has been added to compute multiple simultaneous collision checks between tools and holders and/or stocks and fixtures, allowing fast determination of safe access limits with a particular holder or combination.
The function is internally multithreaded to provide performance for toolpath generation and optimization algorithms, along with rapid path evaluation for CMM and Metrology inspection plans.
Improved Simulation Performance
This new option allows computation of collision checking to be deferred until required by the host application. This option improves performance for CMM and Metrology inspection applications.
Extensions to Design Part Comparison Analysis
The MachineWorks Render Query APIs have been extended, with respect to analyzing design part or target part comparison results.
The Render Query application programming interfaces (APIs) provide an optimized mechanism to decouple the graphical simulation from the geometric simulation, allowing tight integration of MachineWorks to external graphics environments or use in distributed deployments such as public and private clouds.
- Cut numbers are now available in render query updates.
- New APIs allow the Render Query analysis mesh to be serialised to disk.
- New filters are provided to specify which triangles are delivered by the Render Query update.
- A new API to provide direct export of analysis mesh distance information has been provided.
Enhanced Analysis of Intersect Solids
New API functions have been added to split and recombine the solids of intersection created between the in-process stock and swept-volume during a cutting operation.
Sources: Press materials received from the company and additional information gleaned from the company's website.


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Powdered snuff was regarded as having medicinal qualities and with Court patronage, rapidly grew in popularity. Ornate and intricate bottles to hold and dispense the "medicinal" snuff were designed by Chinese craftsmen using a bewildering array of materials: porcelain, enamel, metal, wood, jadeite, ivory and glass, often employing techniques known only in China at the time.
Snuff bottles are elaborately decorated, invariably miniature and admired for their tactile qualities. The surviving examples are highly prized by collectors and students of the history of arts and crafts in China.
This book is the third catalogue of the vast Denis Low collection of snuff bottles, which numbers more than 1000. Its publication coincides with an exhibition of 355 snuff bottles from this world-renowned collection at the Asian Civilisations Museum from July to November 2007.
Largely organised by the material of fabrication, each snuff bottle is carefully described and provenance details are given. Although this book is not meant to be a scholarly study of snuff bottles, much research has been done by Denis Low, the results of which can be seen from the notes he presents on the style, design, decoration, use or uniqueness of each example featured here.


Chicago Treasures: Art Shay and Garry Wills
March 14, 2007
Download Story
Gary Wills
The theme of place and identity is powerfully revealed through first hand accounts from the people and personalities who have transformed the city through their vision and ingenuity. The Chicago Treasures series focuses on Chicagoans who have imagined what Chicago could be - people whose work has defined the city, while the city has defined their work. From architects who have built the City's skyline to journalists and authors who give voice to people and places to entrepreneurs who give strength to the City of Big Shoulders and to artists who draw from and interpret the City's inner spirit, this series will frame the question: Why Chicago? What opportunities does the city offer to those who wish to take risks; what challenges does it reveal; and what are the rewards and frustrations that they continue to face?
Renowned magazine photographer Art Shay and Pulitzer Prize-winning historian Garry Wills have spent decades chronicling America's stories in words and images. They'll join Chicago Public Radio's Steve Edwards for a lively conversation about their work, their long-time friendship and their mutual passion for Chicago.
Recorded Wednesday, March 14, 2007 at Chicago History Museum.


text:
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
- n. A game of cards for two to four persons, played with a special deck of 48 cards, with points being scored by taking tricks and forming certain combinations.
- n. The combination of the queen of spades and jack of diamonds in this game.
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. See penuchle.
- n. card games A card game, similar to bezique.
- n. card games A meld of jack of diamonds and queen of spades in said card game.
GNU Webster's 1913
- n. A game at cards, played with forty-eight cards, being all the cards above the eight spots in two packs.
- n. a card game played with a pack of forty-eight cards (two of each suit for high cards); play resembles whist
- Perhaps from German dialectal Binokel, beziquelike card game, from French dialectal binocle, spectacles, from New Latin bīnoculus, the two eyes : Latin bīnī, two each; see dwoin Indo-European roots + Latin oculus, eye; see okwin Indo-European roots. (American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition)
"Interesting that "marriage" is a type of meld in pinochle (king and queen of the same suit)."
"In fact, one of the things he did when he went to New York was that he went to the Waiters Club in New York, and has an - he was a fiend for pinochle, which is - is it "pin-oakley" or "pin-ockle"?"
"This brought the verb meld into much wider circulation than it ever had before, though it had been recorded from the 1880s in connection with other card games, such as pinochle and rummy."
"I did play pinochle in college (but only when I couldn't find a foursome for bridge), but I never really put together the use of the word "meld" in pinochle with any general definition — I just assumed it was a specialized term in pinochle & never gave it any thought (sort of how most people play pinochle, which is why I much preferred bridge)."
"It was the kind of a hat which was known in that city as a "pinochle"; pronounced "pea-knuckle" by all well-informed boys."
"He and his card rivals wore fedoras and smoked and played vicious rounds of pinochle."
"The mobsters proved themselves as cold-blooded murderers and often reminisced about their hits while playing pinochle."
"New York Mayor Fiorello La Guardia said, "I do not want any of the pinochle club atmosphere to take hold among city workers."
"The pollen, pet dander, mildew, and just good old dirt are constantly flowing in my house! pinochle Says:"
"Reality: One of them, Agnes, who has thin dingy gray hair, lips moist with slobber, and is as tall as she is wide, brayed at me that she and her friends where supposed to meet my grandmother there to play pinochle, but that my grandmother wasn't home yet."
These user-created lists contain the word 'pinochle'.
Im savin it for later
cool beans dude
hit me man
Get a life dude
A list of words that are odd or words that I have looked up.
List of terms used in the card game pinochle, beginning with meld and trick.
A list of playing card games employing fewer cards than the typical 52-card deck.
Interesting words worth @ least 15 points.
Classic Children's Toys and Games and Amusements
Verbal curios, because of their meaning, their shape, or their history.
A contemplation of the indo european root meaning of meldh-.
All lists are melds.
Card games with weird and/or unpronounceable names.
Looking for tweets for pinochle.


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Did anyone do hair treatment (rebonding, keratin treatment etc) while breastfeeding?
In general, it should be safe for breastfeeding mothers to have a hair treatment done. While the fear is usually that chemicals from such treatment would be absorbed (through the skin) the mother's bloodstream and be passed on to the baby through her breast milk. While small amount may indeed be absorbed, it is unlikely that that trace amount will cause any permanent damage to the baby. Here are some points to keep in mind when contemplating a hair treatment: - ask about the chemicals used in the treatments. Resorcinol is one common chemical found in hair dyes and bleaching ingredient that is highly toxic and should be avoided. - after a hair treatment, there may be a more direct effect on the baby if he/she inhaled any lingering scent of ammonia or chemicals in the hair. - if possible, opt for organic products to help decrease the exposure to any potentially harmful chemicals For more information: _URL_ Do your research for safe products. At the end of the day, a hair treatment is supposed to make a mother feel happy and it would defeat its purpose if it causes excessive worry instead.Read more
Although no data is available on women receiving hair treatments while breastfeeding, it is known that little of the chemicals would actually be absorbed into the bloodstream. Therefore, the chance of them entering the milk and posing a risk to an infant would be unlikely. BUT if you are hesitant (very good reason to be), you can avoid treatments that involve the scalp because these can be absorbed into the bloodstream and in the long run, affect breastmilk. Consider alternatives like having highlights put in your hair because the dye is only placed on strands of your hair and does not touch the scalp. This way, the skin does not absorb the chemicals into the bloodstream. Another alternative is pure vegetable dyes including henna. You could also consider home made natural hair treatments. Here's a link that has some awesome ideas: _URL_ If you are still concerned about hair treatments and dyes, you may want to talk to your doctor just to be safe.Read more
I wasn't breastfeeding but I've had mummy friends who have gone for treatments while they are breastfeeding. My only concern would the smell that comes off from your hair that your baby might inhale while feeding. Perhaps it's okay for older babies. I wouldn't recommend newborns.


text:
- About Us
- SW Climate
Published November 23, 2010
Precipitation Outlook(December 2010–May 2010)
Data Source(s): NOAA-Climate Prediction Center (CPC)
The NOAA–Climate Prediction Center (CPC) precipitation outlooks suggest drier-than-average conditions for most of the winter and early spring in all of Arizona and western New Mexico (Figures 10a–d). Probabilities for elevated temperatures are more than 40 percent in the southern halves of Arizona and New Mexico for the December–February period (Figure 10a). Probabilities for increased temperatures exceed 50 percent in southern parts of both states during the January–March and February–April periods (Figures 10b–c). In early spring, elevated temperatures are still expected, but odds decrease slightly in both states (Figure 10d). These outlooks are influenced heavily by the strong La Niña event. Chances that Arizona and New Mexico will receive drier-than-average conditions are highest in the January–March and February–April periods because La Niña events are strongest during these periods and the atmosphere has had time to adjust to cooling sea surface temperatures.
These outlooks predict the likelihood (chance) of above-average, average, and below-average precipitation, but not the magnitude of such variation. The numbers on the maps do not refer to inches of precipitation.
The NOAA-CPC outlooks are a 3-category forecast. As a starting point, the 1971–2000 climate record is divided into 3 categories, each with a 33.3 percent chance of occurring (i.e., equal chances, EC). The forecast indicates the likelihood of one of the extremes—above-average (A) or below-average (B)—with a corresponding adjustment to the other extreme category; the "average" category is preserved at 33.3 likelihood, unless the forecast is very strong.
Thus, using the NOAA-CPC precipitation outlook, areas with light green shading display a 33.3–39.9 percent chance of above-average, a 33.3 percent chance of average, and a 26.7–33.3 percent chance of below-average precipitation. A shade darker green indicates a 40.0–50.0 percent chance of above-average, a 33.3 percent chance of average, and a 16.7–26.6 percent chance of below-average precipitation, and so on.
Equal Chances (EC) indicates areas where no forecast skill has been demonstrated or there is no clear climate signal; areas labeled EC suggest an equal likelihood of above-average, average, and below-average conditions, as a "default option" when forecast skill is poor.
For more information on CPC forecasts, visit:
For IRI forecasts, visit:
Southwest Climate Outlook Staff
- Michael Crimmins, UA Extension Specialist
- Stephanie Doster, Institute of the Environment Editor
- Dan Ferguson, CLIMAS Program Director
- Gregg Garfin, Founding Editor, Institute of the Environment
- Zack Guido, CLIMAS Associate Staff Scientist
- Gigi Owen, CLIMAS Assistant Staff Scientist
- Nancy J. Selover, Arizona State Climatologist
- Jessica Swetish, CLIMAS Publications Assistant
Please direct your Southwest Climate Outlook comments and suggestions to Zack Guido.
The CLIMAS Web site contains official and non-official forecasts, as well as other information. While we make every effort to verify this information, please understand that we do not warrant the accuracy of any of these materials.... Read full disclaimer


map unit scale for the vertical displacement between odd numbered columns in the pattern.
void setSeed(unsigned long seed)
Sets the random number seed to use when randomly shifting points, or 0 if a truly random sequence wil...
void setOffsetY(double offset)
Sets the vertical offset values for points in the pattern.
const QgsMapUnitScale & offsetXMapUnitScale() const
Returns the unit scale for the horizontal offset for rows in the pattern.
const QgsMapUnitScale & displacementXMapUnitScale() const
Returns the map unit scale for the horizontal displacement between odd numbered rows in the pattern.
const QgsMapUnitScale & offsetYMapUnitScale() const
Returns the unit scale for the vertical offset between rows in the pattern.
void setDistanceXMapUnitScale(const QgsMapUnitScale &scale)
Sets the map unit scale for the horizontal distance between points in the pattern.
Qgis::RenderUnit distanceYUnit() const
Returns the units for the vertical distance between points in the pattern.
const QgsMapUnitScale & displacementYMapUnitScale() const
Returns the map unit scale for the vertical displacement between odd numbered columns in the pattern.
void setDistanceXUnit(Qgis::RenderUnit unit)
Sets the unit for the horizontal distance between points in the pattern.
void setOffsetYUnit(Qgis::RenderUnit unit)
Sets the units for the vertical offset for rows in the pattern.
const QgsMapUnitScale & randomDeviationYMapUnitScale() const
Returns the unit scale for the vertical random deviation of points in the pattern.
Qgis::RenderUnit offsetXUnit() const
Returns the units for the horizontal offset for rows in the pattern.
void setOffsetYMapUnitScale(const QgsMapUnitScale &scale)
Sets the unit scale for the vertical offset for rows in the pattern.
void setDistanceY(double d)
Sets the vertical distance between rendered markers in the fill.
Qgis::RenderUnit displacementXUnit() const
Returns the units for the horizontal displacement between rows in the pattern.
Qgis::RenderUnit randomDeviationXUnit() const
Returns the units for the horizontal random deviation of points in the pattern.
void setDisplacementXUnit(Qgis::RenderUnit unit)
Sets the units for the horizontal displacement between rows in the pattern.
void setDistanceX(double d)
Sets the horizontal distance between rendered markers in the fill.
double offsetX() const
Returns the horizontal offset values for points in the pattern.
void setRandomDeviationXUnit(Qgis::RenderUnit unit)
Sets the unit for the horizontal random deviation of points in the pattern.
double maximumRandomDeviationX() const
Returns the maximum horizontal random deviation of points in the pattern.
std::unique_ptr< QgsMarkerSymbol > mMarkerSymbol
void setDisplacementXMapUnitScale(const QgsMapUnitScale &scale)
Sets the map unit scale for the horizontal displacement between odd numbered rows in the pattern.
void setMaximumRandomDeviationY(double deviation)
Sets the maximum vertical random deviation of points in the pattern.
void setDistanceYMapUnitScale(const QgsMapUnitScale &scale)
Sets the map unit scale for the vertical distance between points in the pattern.
Qgis::RenderUnit displacementYUnit() const
Returns the units for the vertical displacement between rows in the pattern.
double displacementX() const
Returns the horizontal displacement for odd numbered rows in the pattern.
void setOffsetXMapUnitScale(const QgsMapUnitScale &scale)
Sets the unit scale for the horizontal offset for rows in the pattern.
~QgsPointPatternFillSymbolLayer() override
double distanceY() const
Returns the vertical distance between rendered markers in the fill.
void setClipMode(Qgis::MarkerClipMode mode)
Sets the marker clipping mode, which defines how markers are clipped at the edges of shapes.
A fill symbol layer which places markers at random locations within polygons.
~QgsRandomMarkerFillSymbolLayer() override
void setDensityAreaUnitScale(const QgsMapUnitScale &scale)
Sets the map scale for the density area.
Qgis::RenderUnit densityAreaUnit() const
Returns the units for the density area.
const QgsMapUnitScale & densityAreaUnitScale() const
Returns the map scale for the density area.
A class for filling symbols with a repeated raster image.
const QgsMapUnitScale & sizeMapUnitScale() const
Returns the map unit scale for the image's width and height.
double width() const
Returns the width used for scaling the image used in the fill.
Q_DECL_DEPRECATED void setWidthUnit(Qgis::RenderUnit unit)
Sets the unit for the image's width.
void setOffsetUnit(const Qgis::RenderUnit unit)
Sets the units for the fill's offset.
void setHeight(double height)
Sets the height for scaling the image.
Q_DECL_DEPRECATED const QgsMapUnitScale & widthMapUnitScale() const
Returns the map unit scale for the image's width.
Qgis::SymbolCoordinateReference coordinateMode() const
Coordinate mode for fill.
Qgis::RenderUnit offsetUnit() const
Returns the units for the fill's offset.
double opacity() const
Returns the opacity for the raster image used in the fill.
void setSizeUnit(Qgis::RenderUnit unit)
Sets the unit for the image's width and height.
~QgsRasterFillSymbolLayer() override
Q_DECL_DEPRECATED Qgis::RenderUnit widthUnit() const
Returns the units for the image's width.
Qgis::RenderUnit sizeUnit() const
Returns the units for the image's width and height.
void setOffsetMapUnitScale(const QgsMapUnitScale &scale)
Sets the map unit scale for the fill's offset.
QString imageFilePath() const
The path to the raster image used for the fill.
Q_DECL_DEPRECATED void setWidthMapUnitScale(const QgsMapUnitScale &scale)
Sets the map unit scale for the image's width.
double height() const
Returns the height used for scaling the image used in the fill.
void setWidth(double width)
Sets the width for scaling the image used in the fill.
void setSizeMapUnitScale(const QgsMapUnitScale &scale)
Sets the map unit scale for the image's width and height.
QPointF offset() const
Returns the offset for the fill.
const QgsMapUnitScale & offsetMapUnitScale() const
Returns the map unit scale for the fill's offset.
void setOffset(QPointF offset)
Sets the offset for the fill.
Contains information about the context of a rendering operation.
A class for filling symbols with a repeated SVG file.
void setSvgStrokeWidthMapUnitScale(const QgsMapUnitScale &scale)
Sets the map unit scale for the pattern's stroke.
QColor svgStrokeColor() const
Returns the stroke color used for rendering the SVG content.
void setSvgStrokeWidthUnit(Qgis::RenderUnit unit)
Sets the unit for the stroke width.
Qgis::RenderUnit patternWidthUnit() const
Returns the units for the width of the SVG images in the pattern.
void setSvgFillColor(const QColor &c)
Sets the fill color used for rendering the SVG content.
const QgsMapUnitScale & svgStrokeWidthMapUnitScale() const
Returns the map unit scale for the pattern's stroke.
double svgStrokeWidth() const
Returns the stroke width used for rendering the SVG content.
QMap< QString, QgsProperty > parameters() const
Returns the dynamic SVG parameters.
void setSvgStrokeWidth(double w)
Sets the stroke width used for rendering the SVG content.
void setPatternWidthUnit(Qgis::RenderUnit unit)
Sets the unit for the width of the SVG images in the pattern.
QColor svgFillColor() const
Returns the fill color used for rendering the SV


text:
Still life is one of the great traditional art forms. The first still-life photograph was created around 1827, more than a decade before the news of photography's invention was announced in Paris and London in 1839. This volume surveys some of the innovative ways photographers have explored the traditional genre of still life from photography's earliest years to the present day.
The introductory essay is followed by an illuminating sequence and juxtaposition of plates selected from the J. Paul Getty Museum's collection. Still life has served as both a conventional and an experimental form during periods of significant aesthetic and technological change. Illustrating that here are nineteenth-century masterpieces by practitioners such as Hippolyte Bayard and Roger Fenton, twentieth-century examples that include the diverse styles of Baron Adolph de Meyer, Irving Penn, and Edward Weston, and a sampling of contemporary artists, some recalling styles from the past. The current revival of interest in the genre comes as the digital age is transforming the medium.
Paul Martineau is assistant curator in the Department of Photographs at the J. Paul Getty Museum.
Available October 2010
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text:
- of or belonging to the past; not modern.
- dating from a period long ago: antique furniture.
- noting or pertaining to automobiles approximately 25 years old or more.
- in the tradition, fashion, or style of an earlier period; old-fashioned;.
- of or belonging to the ancient Greeks and Romans.
- (of paper) neither calendered nor coated and having a rough surface.
- any work of art, piece of furniture, decorative object, or the like, created or produced in a former period, or, according to U.S. customs laws, 100 years before date of purchase.
- the antique style, usually Greek or Roman, especially in art.
- Printing. a style of type.
verb (used with object), an·tiqued, an·ti·quing.
- to make or finish (something, especially furniture) in imitation of antiques.
- to emboss (an image, design, letters, or the like) on paper or fabric.
verb (used without object), an·tiqued, an·ti·quing.
- to shop for or collect antiques: She spent her vacation antiquing in Boston.
- a decorative object, piece of furniture, or other work of art created in an earlier period, that is collected and valued for its beauty, workmanship, and age
- (as modifier)an antique shop
- any object made in an earlier period
- the antique the style of ancient art, esp Greek or Roman art, or an example of it
- made in or in the style of an earlier period
- of or belonging to the distant past, esp of or in the style of ancient Greece or Rome
- informal old-fashioned; out-of-date
- archaic aged or venerable
- (of paper) not calendered or coated; having a rough surface
- (tr) to give an antique appearance to
1530s, "aged, venerable," from Middle French antique "old" (14c.), from Latin antiquus (later anticus) "ancient, former, of olden times; old, long in existence, aged; venerable; old-fashioned," from PIE *anti in sense of "before" (see ) + *okw- "appearance" (see (n.)). Originally pronounced in English like its parallel, but French pronunciation and spelling were adopted from c.1700.
"an old and collectible thing," 1771, from(adj.).
"to give an antique appearance to," 1896, from Antiqued; antiquing.(adj.). Related:


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Название: Functional evaluation of the effective potential
Автор: Jackiw R.
By use of the path-integral formulation of quantum mechanics, a series expansion for the effective potential is derived. Each order of the series corresponds to an infinite set of conventional Feynman diagrams, with a fixed number of loops. As an application of the formalism, three calculations are performed. For a set of n self-interacting scalar fields, the effective potential is computed to the two-loop approximation. Also, all loops are summed in the leading-logarithmic approximation when n gets large. Finally, the effective potential for scalar, massless electrodynamics is derived in an arbitrary gauge. It is found that the potential is gauge-dependent, and a specific gauge is exhibited in which all one-loop effects disappear.


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An estimate of the number of pioneer workers needed for initial church planting among unreached people groups by country. Estimates are calculated only for unreached people groups and are based on ratio of 1 worker for every 50,000 individuals living in an unreached people group by country. Some workers may already be onsite. Many more workers are needed beyond this initial estimate.
Only people groups speaking Senoufo, Djimini as primary language
are listed. Other groups may speak Senoufo, Djimini as a secondary language
|Language Alternate Names
|Dialect Alternate Names
||Year / Status


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AN-124 (Antonov 124)
The Antonov An-124 Ruslan (Ukrainian: Антонов Ан-124 «Руслан») (NATO reporting name: Condor) is a strategic airlift jet aircraft. It was designed by the Antonov design bureau in the Ukrainian SSR, then part of the Soviet Union. The An-124 is the world's largest serially manufactured cargo airplane and world's second largest operating cargo aircraft, behind the one-off Antonov An-225 (an enlarged variant of the An-124) . During development it was known as Izdeliye 400 in house, and An-40 in the West. First flown in 1982, civil certification was issued on 30 December 1992. Over 40 are in service (26 civilian models with airlines and 10 firm orders as of August 2006) and 20 were in commercial use in 1998 in Ukraine, Russia, the United Arab Emirates and Libya.
"Antonov An-124" Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 17 May 2013.
Size of cargo cabin
Length = 36.50 m
Width = 6.40 m
Height = 4.40 m
Maximum useful load
Click on the images below to enlarge


Karina Brocco French explains that sea stars are like butterflies: They go through metamorphosis.
"They start out as adults on the sea floor, and they look like what you expect a starfish to look like," she said. "And they spawn, and then those little embryos end up flying through the water, if you will, during a larval stage where they look like weird little spaceships."
The weird little spaceship stage lasts around a month, Brocco French said, before they metamorphose into juveniles, settling onto the sea floor. Jon Allen said the juveniles are essentially pinhead-sized, star-shaped versions of their parents.
To grow, the juveniles must eat, and Brocco French and Allen discovered that what the young sea stars eat often turns out to be each other. Cannibalism is widespread in nature, but their discovery marks a heretofore unknown example of cannibalism in marine invertebrates fresh out of metamorphosis.
Their findings are described in "Cannibalism of newly-metamorphosed juvenile sea stars," recently published in the journal Ecology. Allen is an associate professor in William & Mary's Department of Biology. Brocco French is a Ph.D. student at the University of California, Irvine. She is a 2016 William & Mary graduate, and the research was conducted while she was an undergraduate member of Allen's marine invertebrate lab. Their study animal is Asterias forbesi.
"This is our good old Virginia starfish. It goes from New England to the Gulf of Mexico," Allen said. "So if you found this starfish on the Eastern Shore, it would likely be the one Karina and I were working on."
And if you pick up one of these starfish, there's a good chance that your beach souvenir ate one or more of its siblings at a very early age. Allen and Brocco French recorded cannibalism among the sea stars as early as four days post-metamorphosis.
"I'm convinced that if they could, they would eat each other during the little spaceship phase," Brocco French said. "But unfortunately, I don't think they have the ability to do that until they turn into little bitty sea stars."
Allen said the larval sea-star spaceships eat unicellular algae, but "when the spaceship lands, the juveniles on the bottom eat the larvae." The star-eats-spaceship behavior was documented earlier by other researchers, he added.
The juveniles are so much bigger than the larvae that this form of cannibalism was not surprising. But when juvenile-eats-juvenile action occurs, a sea star is taking on a meal roughly the same size as itself. Brocco French explains that sea stars feed in a manner that is totally different from how it's depicted on "Spongebob Squarepants."
"They extrude their stomachs, kind of like turning it inside out like a plastic bag," she said. "And then they sort of engulf whatever it is they're trying to eat, and start to break it down, and then absorb the broken-down stuff. So they don't need teeth or anything. They've got it covered."
Allen adds that a sea star has multiple stomachs; the one Brocco French describes is known as the cardiac stomach. "Instead of putting their food in their mouth, they slide their stomach out of their mouth into their food," he said.
Their observations show that even minute differences in size can delineate the difference between the dinner and the diner. The bigger ones always seem to eat the smaller ones.
The duo's interest in the teeny young cannibals began with a fortuitous disaster in the invertebrate lab.
"This started out as a totally different project, as Karina probably remembers painfully," Allen said. "We were going to be culturing these juveniles to look at their reaction to predatory crabs, and whether the sea stars change their behavior in response to predator cues from the crabs. But they all started eating each other before we even introduced the crabs. So we had to scrap that experiment."
They turned their attention to the more interesting phenomenon of sea star cannibalism, behavior that for the most part had escaped notice among the scientific community.
Allen said that in evolutionary context, sibling cannibalism provides an adaptive advantage to the individual sea star, especially when you consider the inevitable competition that results when a female Asterias produces five to ten million eggs each year. They began their paper by noting that cannibalism is common in the animal kingdom, the practice documented in more than 1,300 species, vertebrates and invertebrates alike.
Brocco French and Allen suspect that cannibalism is even more widespread. It would make sense that future research would reveal that previously unsuspected cannibalistic behavior is common among small animals and animals in early growth stages, like their sea stars. Allen says he hopes the Ecology paper will represent an "aha! moment" for researchers to look closely at the wide range of microscopic life for additional examples.
"We think—anthropomorphizing—that cannibalism is terrible. No one should be cannibalistic, "he said. "But in nature, 'red in tooth and claw," this is something that can be favored. So it seems to be a strategy that's likely to be common."
Provided by: The College of William & Mary
More information: Karina Inge Brocco French et al. Cannibalism of newly metamorphosed juvenile sea starsEcology (2021). DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3352
Image: ine young cannibal: A sea star, just days from metamorphosis, consumes a sibling. A faculty-undergraduate research team documented the previously unknown behavior. Their discovery was published in the journal Ecology.
Credit: The College of William & Mary


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Nested Object Form Support
Nested This allows forms to have arbitrarily complex nested forms that can build multiple related objects together. Let's take a simple example of a person with an address. Here are the related pseudo models:
class Person < ORM::Base has_many :addresses, :class_name => 'Address' accepts_nested_attributes_for :addresses, :allow_destroy => true end class Address < ORM::Base belongs_to :person end
The model declarations are dependent on your chosen ORM. Check the documentation to understand how to declare nested attributes in your given ORM component. Given those models and enabling nested attributes for the association, the following view will allow nested form creation:
= form_for _USER_, '/person/create' do |f| = f.text_field :name = f.text_field :favorite_color = f.fields_for :addresses do |address_form| = address_form.label :street = address_form.text_field :street = address_form.label :city = address_form.text_field :city - unless address_form.object.new_record? = address_form.check_box '_destroy' = address_form.label '_destroy', :caption => 'Remove' = submit_tag "Save"
This will present a form that allows the person's name and color to be set along with their first address. Using this functionality, the controller does not need to change whatsoever as the nested data will be passed in and instantiated as part of the parent model.
last updated: 2018-07-12comments powered by Disqus


Version: 2018.4
public long longValue ;
説明
Long としての整数のプロパティーの値
Contains a valid value when propertyType is SerializedPropertyType.Integer. For accessing sbyte, byte, short, ushort, int, uint, long and ulong properties.
When assigning a value to intValue, the value is clamped in the range of the property's declared type. For example, a property that is declared as a byte is clamped between 0 and 255.
See Also: intValue, propertyType, SerializedPropertyType.Integer.


About Gaddi Community in Himachal
Gaddis, Tribes of Himachal resides mainly in Kangra and Chamba Districts.
Gaddis are basically shephards who owns number of sheep and goats. Though the community is also present in Mandi, Kullu and Bilaspur but the major population of Gaddis live in Kangra District and Bharmaur in Chamba.
The origin of Gaddis is still a topic of debate. This is because in earlier days Gaddis did not have their permanent home. In the summers they used to climb up the Himalayas with their sheep and goat ( commonly known as Dhan). In the winters they used to roam around in the plane areas. There are many theories about the origin of Gaddis but none of them has arrived at the conclusion. Few theories believe that the Gaddis have originated from plains mainly from Punjab.
Gaddi community speak their own gaddi dialect. They also speak other languages like pahari and hindi. The population of Gaddis is very small. The exact number is not available. This small community possess its unique culture. They have their own folk songs, unique, attractive and colourful Gaddi dress and a different way of performing poojas.
Gaddi Topi (cap) is know famous and worn all over in Himachal.Gaddi dance called Naati is very famous in Himachal Pradesh.Gaddis have a stong built and has very good stamina. They can carry quintil of load on their back and travel non stop in the Himalayan region. The people in this community are honest hard working and very affectionate. Now a very small population is left with Dhan (sheep and goat). Most of the Gaddis now do farming or weaving and have taken up Government Jobs.
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The SPECTRACAP OMT355 oxygen transmitter from Vaisala
, Woburn, MA, uses a tunable diode laser in a compact probe to monitor oxygen in industrial process gases. The sensor measures oxygen concentration by measuring the absorption of light from a tunable diode laser. For oxygen sensing, the laser is tuned to a wavelength characteristic of the oxygen molecule. The OMT355 can be flange-mounted directly into a process without sampling or sample-conditioning equipment. The SS probe tolerates aggressive chemicals and excessive amounts of moisture and a SS mesh filter protects the probe optics from dust and dirt.


CIV. WDDX Functions
Introduction
These functions are intended for work with WDDX.
Requirements
In order to use WDDX, you will need to install the expat library (which comes with Apache 1.3.7 or higher).
Installation
After installing expat compile PHP with --with-xml and --enable-wddx.
Runtime Configuration
This extension has no configuration directives defined in php.ini.
Resource Types
This extension has no resource types defined.
Predefined Constants
This extension has no constants defined.
Examples
All the functions that serialize variables use the first element of an array to determine whether the array is to be serialized into an array or structure. If the first element has string key, then it is serialized into a structure, otherwise, into an array.
Example 1. Serializing a single value
<?php
print wddx_serialize_value("PHP to WDDX packet example", "PHP packet");
?>
This example will produce:
<wddxPacket version='1.0'><header comment='PHP packet'/><data>
<string>PHP to WDDX packet example</string></data></wddxPacket>
Example 2. Using incremental packets
<?php
$pi = 3._PHONE_;
$packet_id = wddx_packet_start("PHP");
wddx_add_vars($packet_id, "pi");
/* Suppose $cities came from database */
$cities = array("Austin", "Novato", "Seattle");
wddx_add_vars($packet_id, "cities");
$packet = wddx_packet_end($packet_id);
print $packet;
?>
This example will produce:
<wddxPacket version='1.0'><header comment='PHP'/><data><struct>
<var name='pi'><number>3._PHONE_</number></var><var name='cities'>
<array length='3'><string>Austin</string><string>Novato</string>
<string>Seattle</string></array></var></struct></data></wddxPacket>
Note: If you want to serialize non-ASCII characters you have to set the appropriate locale before doing so (see setlocale()).
Table of Contents
wddx_add_vars -- Add variables to a WDDX packet with the specified ID
wddx_deserialize -- Deserializes a WDDX packet
wddx_packet_end -- Ends a WDDX packet with the specified ID
wddx_packet_start -- Starts a new WDDX packet with structure inside it
wddx_serialize_value -- Serialize a single value into a WDDX packet
wddx_serialize_vars -- Serialize variables into a WDDX packet


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Traps with the definition of retirement
The definition of retirement has become increasingly important as SMSF trustees seek to convert their TRIS to an account-based pension. There are a few quirks to watch out for however.
From 1 July 2017, retirement as a superannuation condition of release will be growing in importance as people seek to leave transition to retirement income stream (TRIS) phase to be eligible to enter account-based pension (ABP) phase, which also means the tax-free earnings phase. However, the definition of retirement contains a number of interesting quirks.
What is the issue?
One of the major effects of the 2016 superannuation reforms will be to further distance the nature of a TRIS from an ABP, because from 1 July 2017:
- a TRIS will no longer be eligible for the earnings tax exemption on assets supporting the TRIS;
- assets supporting an ABP will continue to be eligible for the earnings tax exemption; and
- a transfer balance cap will limit the total amount of superannuation assets a member can transfer into the tax-free earnings phase (this is referred to as retirement phase in the new laws, and can also be thought of as the ABP phase), but TRISs will not be limited by this transfer balance cap (since they are not eligible for the earnings tax exemption, there is no reason for the transfer balance cap to limit them).
Accordingly, many might want to be able to access an ABP as soon as possible and thereby access the tax-free earnings phase.
A person only needs to reach their preservation age to access a TRIS. There is no need for the person to have actually retired. Preservation age for a person is determined by the person's year of birth and can range from 55 to 60 years old.
The main ways in which it is possible for a person to access their superannuation benefits as an ABP are for a person to retire for the purposes of superannuation law or reach 65 years of age. The timing on when somebody reaches 65 is beyond the ability of mortals to manipulate. However, retirement under superannuation law can require a close inspection of the quirks of the definition. Retirement is specifically defined under superannuation law and does not simply mean retirement in the ordinary sense of the word. Additionally, the growing importance of the condition of release may mean additional ATO scrutiny.
Meaning of retirement in the regulations
Under the Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Regulations 1994 (Cth) ('SISR'), reg 6.01 provides that retirement can happen under either of two limbs as follows:
- Limb 1 — for a person who has reached their preservation age which for them was an age under than 60, such a person is taken to be retired if:
- an arrangement under which the person was gainfully employed has come to an end; and
- the trustee is reasonably satisfied that the person intends never to again become gainfully employed, either on a full-time or a part-time basis; or
- Limb 2 — for a person who has reached the age of 60 — such a person is taken to be retired if an arrangement under which the person was gainfully employed has come to an end, and either:
- the person attained 60 on or before the ending of the employment; or
- the trustee is reasonably satisfied that the person intends never to again become gainfully employed, either on a full-time or a part-time basis.
Gainfully employed is defined to mean employed or self-employed for gain or reward in any business, trade, profession, vocation, calling, occupation or employment (reg 1.03(1) of the SISR).
Part-time is defined to mean gainfully employed for at least 10 hours, and less than 30 hours, each week (reg 1.03(1) of the SISR).
Restrictions in the definition
Examining the definition, it is not possible to retire if one has never worked. Also, it is impossible to meet the retirement definition before reaching preservation age. However there is quirk here, since under limb 1, it is possible for a person to cease gainful employment early (eg, at age 45), and then after reaching a preservation age that is less than 60 (say many years later at age 59) the trustee can at that later time be reasonably satisfied that the person never intends to be gainfully employed again. Accordingly, for limb 1, the ceasing of gainful employment can be early and does not have to be at the same time as the trustee's inquiry.
What 'gainful employment' is sufficient to retirement from?
It is not possible meet the retirement definition by ceasing simply any job, work or task. Rather, both possible limbs of the test involve the ceasing of gainful employment. What does it mean to be gainfully employed? Gainfully employed means 'employed or self-employed for gain or reward in any business, trade, profession, vocation, calling, occupation or employment'. This is narrower than many realise because 'employment or self-employment' is always required and 'for gain or reward' is also always required. Whether or not there is employment is a multi-factor legal test based on things such as degree of control, who bears the risk of the venture, whether standard working hours exist, etc. Accordingly, not every task or role is enough. For example, a director of a small private company is not likely to actually be an employee by virtue of that role, since a directorship is an office but is not necessarily employment (see, eg, Beljan v Energo Form Act Pty Ltd ACTMC 21 ). On the other hand, genuinely driving for Uber as a paid form of self-employment is likely to qualify.
Working two jobs and stopping one
For limb 2 of the definition, those over 60 have some greater flexibility to meet the definition since that limb only requires that 'an arrangement under which the member was gainfully employed has come to an end' and that the person attained 60 before the ending of the employment. This will mean that a person who works two genuine jobs can be taken to retire if one job comes to an end after age 60, even if the other job continues. This can be true even if the remaining job had the greater number of hours and remuneration flowing from it. For example, it is possible that a person over 60 with a full time job could be genuinely also self-employed as an Uber driver, and ceasing only the Uber self-employment could in some circumstances be enough to meet the retirement definition.
David Oon, senior associate, DBA Lawyers


connections in the graph.
Diffusion Maps
Diffusion Maps (DM) [35, 36] start with building a graph G as well, but differ in weighting the edges by the Gaussian kernel function: W ( i, j ) = exp ( x i x j 2 σ 2 ). With the rows being normalized by W ^ ( i, j ) = W ( i, j ) Σ l = 1 N W ( i, l ), the weights W ^ N × N can be seen as a Markov Matrix that defines the probability to move from one sample to another in one time step. The transition probability for t time steps, denoted W ^ ( t ), is given by W ^ t. It can be used to control the local connections among neighbored samples. Here, we set it to t = 1. Diffusion Maps retain a weighted L2 distance, the 'diffusion distance'
D ( t ) ( x i, x j ) = l = 1 N ( W ^ ( t ) ( i, l ) W ^ ( t ) ( j, l ) ) 2 ψ ( x l )
The term Ψ ( x i ) = Σ j W ^ ( i, j ) Σ j l W ^ ( j, l ) leads to stronger weighting of samples from dense areas in the graph. Since the diffusion distance between two points is computed over all possible paths in the graph, Diffusion Maps are more robust to noise.
Locally Linear Embedding
Unlike Isomap and MVU, Locally Linear Embedding (LLE) [24, 37] attempts to preserve local properties of the data. Each sample x i is represented by a linear combination of its k nearest neighbors:
x i = j = 1 k W ( i, j ) x j
. The weights W N×N are estimated by minimizing the reconstruction error
i = 1 N x i j = 1 k W ( i, j ) x j 2
subject to W (i, j) = 0, if x i is not a neighbor of x j, and j = 1 N W ( i, j ) = 1. The last constraint ensures an invariance to translation next to rotation and rescaling. By minimizing
ϵ ( Y ) = i = 1 N y i j = 1 k W ( i, j ) y j 2
the low-dimensional representation that best preserves the weights in the target space is chosen.
Laplacian Eigenmaps
As well as LLE, Laplacian Eigenmaps (LEM) [38, 39] are a local technique. Similar to Diffusion Maps, this method first constructs a neighborhood graph, weighted with values W (i, j) from the Gaussian kernel function. By minimizing a cost function
ϵ ( Y ) = i j y i y j 2 W ( i, j )
for neighbored y i, y j (W (i, j) = 0 otherwise), the distances between the low-dimensional representations are minimized and nearby samples x i, x j are highly weighted, and thus brought closer together. This way, Laplacian Eigenmaps implicitly enforces natural clusters in the data.
Methods of Assessment
Our benchmark (Figure 1) is divided into three parts. First, the studied dimension reduction methods were applied to the complete dataset. The low-dimensional datasets were then assessed by two different approaches, namely classification and cluster validation. To evaluate and compare the performance of each method, the classification accuracies of Support Vector Machines [40] (with Gaussian kernel) and the compactness and distance of clusters within the low-dimensional representations were used. In the following, each step of our benchmark is described in detail.
Figure 1
Benchmark. Our benchmark, consisting of three independent procedures. (1) Dimension reduction: Every dataset is mapped into a low-dimensional target space. All necessary parameters are determined by a loo-cv with a SVM. (2) Classification: Every dataset is classified by a SVM with Gaussian kernel during 100 randomization steps. A gradient descend procedure estimates all SVM parameters. (3) Cluster validation: The Davis-Bouldin-Index measures the distance between labeled clusters within the low-dimensional data.
The methods were tested on ten published microarray datasets as well as on simulated data. Each published dataset was divided into two classes according to a binary variable corresponding to the samples' disease status, the presence of certain molecular mutations or other sample characteristics as shown in Table 1. Since microarray data is technically provided with a more or less high level of noise, we reran the benchmark on the microarray datasets combined with normally distributed noise with zero mean and an increasing variance between 0 and 0.1. Before adding noise, all data was scaled to values between 0 and 1 to overcome the varying means and standard deviations of the datasets.
Table 1 Microarray datasets
The simulated data is based on a 50 sample dataset whose 10.000 gene expression values are normally distributed with zero mean and standard deviation one. The covariances of all genes are given by a block diagonal matrix with coefficients ρ = 0.2 within and ρ = 0 outside the blocks of size 50 × 50. To separate the data into two classes, between 10 and 500 genes were randomly chosen to be differentially expressed by adding a constant of 0.6 to the expression values of the first 25 samples. We generated 100 datasets for testing.
In the same manner as for the ten microarray datasets before, normally distributed noise with zero mean and an increasing variance between 0 and 0.2 was added to the simulated data. We repeated the benchmark on 50 of these noisy artificial datasets. The number of differential features was fixed to 300.
Dimension reduction
All dimension reduction techniques discussed here have one or two free parameters, that influence the embedding and the target dimension. Their determination was done by minimizing the error rate of a Support Vector Machine (SVM) within a leave-one-out cross-validation (loo-cv) schema: For N samples, the dataset was divided N times into a training and a test set. One sample was excluded for testing while the rest was taken for training. The average over all prediction accuracies gives an estimate of the SVMs' generalization error.
This procedure was repeated for every set of parameters within the following ranges:
Target dimensionality: 2 ≤ d ≤ 15
Neighbors: 4 ≤ k ≤ 16
Gaussian kernel: 1e − 1 ≤ σ ≤ 5e 5
If the same loo-cv accuracies were achieved by using different parameter values for the target dimension, the lowest value was taken for reasons of a most simple representation. The same applies to the neighbor/kernel parameters.
After the loo-cv, the whole dataset was reduced in its dimension in an unsupervised manner, i.e. without consideration of class labels.
The first evidence for the quality of the different dimension reduction methods are the accuracies of a Support Vector Machine with Gaussian kernel.
The data was classified repeatedly during several randomization steps:
We randomly split the dataset a hundred times into a set to train the SVM and a test set for classification, and selected the median accuracy of all runs. Within the training set, a loo-cv was performed to determine the SVM parameters. For reasons of performance, a gradient descent procedure as proposed in [41] was used to minimize the loo-cv error. Every time during randomization, the training set consisted of two thirds of the original data and the test set of the remaining samples. The only constraint was to keep the balance between the number of samples in each class. Since SVMs do not restrict the dimension of the input data, the randomization results of the low-dimensional data can be compared to the high-dimensional original data, to see if more or less significant features got lost after the embedding.
Cluster validation
To measure the distances between the labeled clusters, we used the Davis-Bouldin-Index (DB-Index) [42]: Given M clusters C i (i = 1,..., M ) and their centers μ i = 1 | C i | x C i x,
d i = 1 | C i | x C i x μ i
is the average distance of the samples in cluster C i to its center. While R i j = d i + d j μ i μ j reports the compactness of clusters C i, C j related to their distance, the DB-Index
D B = 1 M i = 1 M max { R i j | 1 j M, i j }
averages the worst cases of the clusters' separations. One might expect well separated clusters to have smaller values close to one. In our case, the DB-Index was computed for fixed target space dimensions 2,3,5, and 10.
Implementation details
The presented benchmark was implemented in Matlab 7.8.0 (R2009a). Furthermore, libsvm (version 2.89) [43] served as Support Vector Machine implementation, in conjunction with Automatic Model Selection for Kernel Methods (Apr 2005) [44]. The Dimensionality Reduction Toolbox (version 0.7 - Nov 2008) [45], Isomap package (Release 1 - Dec 2000) [46], LLE routine [45] and MVU implementation (version 1.3) [47] were used for dimension reduction. Because the Isomap and LLE routines performed best in our benchmark, we converted their Matlab implementations for the statistical programming language R [48]. The R-package 'RDRToolbox', also including


text:
The UV eco-solvent ink produced by Shenzhen Micolorprint Technology has been continuously improved after years of research and testing. The current product is very mature. It is used with the flatbed printer produced by our company. In the process of use, it still responds that there is a phenomenon of blocking the head. There are actually many reasons for the blocked heads. Generally, the blocked heads are not really blocked, but a false head blocked temporarily or operationally during use. We will summarize and classify the possible situations. and list the corresponding solutions.
1: Dirty blocked heads
This type of plug is generally caused by fluff or dust on the printing material.
2: The sundries block the head
This is that tiny objects in the ink enter the head and block the ink outlet.
3: Filter blocking head
If you use inferior ink for a long time, the larger substances and harmful solvents in the ink will be blocked in front of the filter screen, and the head will be blocked after a long time.
4: Dry and block the head
Often in a considerable period of time without causing.
5: Chemical plugging of heads
Often, inks of different properties are used to cause chemical reactions, causing jelly to block the heads.
6: Bacterial spoilage plugs the head
This type of blockage of the heads often occurs when the temperature is above 20 degrees, and the bacteria in the ink multiply, causing the ink to rot and degenerate, and flocculent rotten substances appear inside the heads.
7: Scaling blockage of heads
Due to the improper treatment of water in some ink manufacturing processes, the water is too hard, and the minerals in the water will be fouled on the head after long-term use, resulting in a smaller effective diameter of the head, which often starts with horizontal lines in the print.
8: Oily plugging heads
The ink cart needs lubricating oil, and sometimes the lubricating oil will spread to the head, changing the physical properties of the head, resulting in a phenomenon similar to blocking the head.
9: Electrical plugging head
Some printer heads are equipped with ink or ink cartridge chip electrical performance detection. When non-standard ink or chips are detected, the ink valve will be closed to varying degrees, so that the ink cannot pass through the head normally. Such blocked heads are called false plugs.
10: Gas blocking head
Some inks have poor defoaming performance, and bubbles will be generated in the ink. Once the bubbles enter the print head, it is difficult to come out, causing air to block the print head.
Knowing the causes of these problems, we can easily find solutions.