Census geographic units of Canada
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Outline map of Canada's census divisions in 2001.
The census geographic units of Canada are the administrative divisions defined and used by Canada's federal government statistics bureau Statistics Canada[1] to conduct the country's five-yearly census. They exist on four levels: the top-level (first-level) divisions are Canada's provinces and territories; these are divided into second-level census divisions, which in turn are divided into third-level census subdivisions (roughly corresponding to municipalities) and fourth-level dissemination areas.
In some provinces, a census division also corresponds to a county or another similar unit of political organization, while in other provinces the boundaries are chosen arbitrarily as no such level of government exists. Two of Canada's three territories are also divided into census divisions.
Census divisions[edit]
Canada's second-level geographic units are called "census divisions". In terms of size, they generally lie between the top-level administrative divisions of the province and territory and third-level administrative divisions such as sections, townships and ranges. Census divisions are divided into census subdivisions (see section below).
Nature of Canada's census divisions by province or territory
Province/Territory Nature of census divisions
Census divisions consist of groups of municipalities such as cities, municipal districts, and rural municipalities. Each census division is numbered.
British Columbia Census divisions correspond with regional districts or municipalities.
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia
Prince Edward Island
Census divisions correspond with counties.
Newfoundland and Labrador Census divisions are delineated without reference to administrative or other forms of division and are numbered.[2]
Northwest Territories Census divisions do not correspond with the administrative regions of the Northwest Territories.
Nunavut Census divisions correspond with the administrative regions of Nunavut.
Ontario Census divisions consist of "upper-tier" municipalities (counties, districts, regional municipalities, single-tier cities).
Quebec Census divisions mostly correspond to regional county municipalities or equivalent territories.
Yukon A territory treated as a single census division.
In most cases, a census division corresponds to a single unit of the appropriate type listed above. However, in a few cases, Statistics Canada groups two or more units into a single statistical division:
In almost all such cases, the division in question was formerly a single unit of the standard type, which was divided into multiple units by its province after the Canada 2001 Census.
Census consolidated subdivisions[edit]
A census consolidated subdivision is a geographic unit between census division and census subdivision. It is a combination of adjacent census subdivisions typically consisting of larger, more rural census subdivisions and smaller, more densely populated census subdivisions.[3]
Census subdivisions[edit]
Census subdivisions generally correspond to the municipalities of Canada, as determined by provincial and territorial legislation.[4] They can also correspond to area which are deemed to be equivalents to municipalities for statistical reporting purposes, such as Indian reserves, Indian settlements, and unorganized territories where no municipal level government may not exist.[4] Statistics Canada has created census subdivisions in cooperation with the provinces of British Columbia, Newfoundland and Labrador, and Nova Scotia as equivalents for municipalities.[5] The Indian reserve and Indian settlement census subdivisions are determined according to criteria established by Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada.[6]
Dissemination areas[edit]
Dissemination areas are the smallest standard geographic unit in Canada and cover the entire country.[7] As small areas, they comprise one or more dissemination blocks and have a population between 400 and 700 people.[7]
Specially-defined geographic units[edit]
Census metropolitan areas[edit]
See template below for links to census metropolitan areas by size.
A "census metropolitan area" (CMA) is a grouping of census subdivisions comprising a large urban area (the "urban core") and those surrounding "urban fringes" with which it is closely integrated. To become a CMA, an area must register an urban core population of at least 100,000 at the previous census. CMA status is retained even if this core population later drops below 100,000.
CMAs may cross census division and provincial boundaries, although the Ottawa-Gatineau metropolitan area in Ontario and Quebec is the only one that currently crosses a provincial border.
Unlike the United States, the methodology used by Statistics Canada does not allow for CMA-CMA mergers into larger statistical areas as the US does to form Combined Statistical Areas. If such an approach were utilized, Statistics Canada has stated that Toronto, Oshawa and Hamilton could be merged into a single CSA.[8] Statistics Canada has described the Greater Golden Horseshoe as the country's largest urban area.[9]
Census agglomerations[edit]
A "census agglomeration" (CA) is a smaller version of a CMA in which the urban core population at the previous census was greater than 10,000 but less than 100,000. If the population of an urban core is less than 50,000, it is the starting point for the construction of a 'census agglomeration'.[10]
Census tracts[edit]
CMAs and CAs with a population greater than 50,000 are subdivided into census tracts which have populations ranging from 2,500 to 8,000.
Population centres[edit]
"Population centre" redirects here. For other uses, see Center of population.
A population centre (PC), formerly known as an urban area (UA), is any grouping of contiguous dissemination areas that has a minimum population of 1,000 and an average population density of 400 persons per square kilometre or greater.[11] For the 2011 census, urban area was renamed "population centre".[11][12] In 2011, Statistics Canada identified 942 population centres in Canada. Some population centres cross municipal boundaries and not all municipalities contain a population centre while others have more than one.[13]
The population centre level of geography is further divided into the following three groupings based on population:[11]
 - "small population centre" – 1,000 to 29,999
 - "medium population centre" – 30,000 to 99,999
 - "large urban population centre" – 100,000 and greater
Designated places[edit]
Main article: Designated place
A "designated place" (DPL) is usually a small community that does not meet the criteria used to define incorporated municipalities or urban areas (areas with a population of at least 1,000 and no fewer than 400 persons per square kilometre), but for which Statistics Canada or a provincial government has requested that similar demographic data be compiled.[14]
A "locality" (LOC) is a historical named location or place. The named location may be a former census subdivision, a former urban area, or a former designated place. It may also refer to neighbourhoods, post offices, communities and unincorporated places among other entities.[15]
See also[edit]
Census divisions by province
 1. ^ Statistics Canada. "Illustrated Glossary: Census Geography". Retrieved 2006-10-11.
 2. ^ Sometimes used for municipal organization or as health regions.
 3. ^ "Census consolidated subdivision (CCS)". Statistics Canada. 2012-01-31. Retrieved 2012-02-18.
 4. ^ a b "Census subdivision (CSD)". Statistics Canada. 2010-06-14. Retrieved 2011-08-29.
 5. ^ "Interim List of Changes to Municipal Boundaries, Status, and Names" (PDF). Statistics Canada. April 2011. p. 7&8. Retrieved 2011-08-29.
 6. ^ "More information on Census subdivision (CSD)". Statistics Canada. 2011-04-04. Retrieved 2011-08-29.
 7. ^ a b "2006 Census Dictionary: Dissemination area (DA)". Statistics Canada. 2009-11-20. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
 8. ^ "Defining and Measuring Metropolitan Areas: A Comparison between Canada and the United States". Statistics Canada. 2008-11-17. Retrieved 2014-05-19.
 9. ^ "2006 Census: Portrait of the Canadian Population in 2006: Subprovincial population dynamics". Statistics Canada. Retrieved 2014-07-11.
 10. ^ Sancton, Andrew. "Canadian Local Government: An Urban Perspective" Pp. 74. Oxford University Press, 2011.
 11. ^ a b c "Population centre (POPCTR)". Statistics Canada. 2011-05-05. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
 12. ^ "Preview of Census Products and Services: Highlight tables". Statistics Canada. 2012-04-12. Retrieved 2013-08-08.
 13. ^ Sancton, Andrew (2011). Canadian Local Government: An Urban Perspective. Canada: Oxford University Press. p. 73. ISBN 978-0-19-542756-1.
 14. ^ "2006 Census Dictionary: Designated place (DPL)". Statistics Canada. 2009-11-20. Retrieved 2011-12-22.
 15. ^ "2006 Census Dictionary: Locality (LOC)". Statistics Canada. 2009-11-20. Retrieved 2011-12-23.


多
关键词 电网 电网电压全前馈 电网背景谐波
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Safer Design and Less Cost Operation for Low-Traffic Long-Road Illumination Using Control System Based on Pattern Recognition Technique 认领
11
作者 Muhammad M. A. S. Mahmoud Leyla Muradkhanli 《智能控制与自动化(英文)》 2020年第3期47-62,共16页
The paper covers analysis and investigation of lighting automation system in low-traffic long-roads. The main objective is to provide optimal solution between expensive safe design that utilizes continuous street ligh... The paper covers analysis and investigation of lighting automation system in low-traffic long-roads. The main objective is to provide optimal solution between expensive safe design that utilizes continuous street lighting system at night for the entire road, or inexpensive design that sacrifices the safety, relying on using vehicles lighting, to eliminate the problem of high cost energy consumption during the night operation of the road. By taking into account both of these factors, smart lighting automation system is proposed using Pattern Recognition Technique applied on vehicle number-plates. In this proposal, the road is sectionalized into zones, and based on smart Pattern Recognition Technique, the control system of the road lighting illuminates only the zone that the vehicles pass through. Economic analysis is provided in this paper to support the value of using this design of lighting control system. 展开更多
关键词 Road Lighting Control Road Lighting Automation Vehicle Number-Plate Pattern Recognition Smart Grid Power Management Low Traffic Roads Image Processing
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双电源转换开关电网信号检测电路设计 认领 被引量：1
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作者 黄雨龙 李靖 田新疆 《电器与能效管理技术》 2020年第3期43-49,共7页
风能的波动性、间接性和随机性等特性对接入风电的电网运行特性和电能质量(如电压、频率偏差)造成影响。双电源转换开关作为电网中连续供电的一种保障,广泛应用于各种重要负载场合。完成电网信号现场参量及其检测是双电源转换开关的首... 风能的波动性、间接性和随机性等特性对接入风电的电网运行特性和电能质量(如电压、频率偏差)造成影响。双电源转换开关作为电网中连续供电的一种保障,广泛应用于各种重要负载场合。完成电网信号现场参量及其检测是双电源转换开关的首要任务之一。针对风电机组并网运行中的电网电能质量问题,就双电源转换开关电网信号检测电路分别进行了硬件和软件设计。硬件设计以TMS320F28335数字信号处理器为核心控制模块,利用其内部的模/数转换器和捕获模块对电网中的电压和频率进行检测;软件设计则编写了电压和频率的采样和算法程序。该电网信号检测电路具有采样精度高、硬件成本低、检测算法简单等优点,可以最大化保障重要负载的连续供电。 展开更多
关键词 电网 电能质量 双电源转换开关 电网信号检测 数字信号处理器
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Smart Boilers: Grid Support Services from Non-Critical Loads 认领
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作者 Panagis N. Vovos Konstantinos G. Georgakas 《电力能源(英文)》 2020年第12期23-45,共23页
The aim of this paper is to present the concept of a simple and cheap upgrade for electric water boilers, allowing them to provide power quality services to the distribution grid. The upgrade requires only minimum add... The aim of this paper is to present the concept of a simple and cheap upgrade for electric water boilers, allowing them to provide power quality services to the distribution grid. The upgrade requires only minimum additional hardware and it is easily installable. "Smart Boilers", as the upgraded boilers are named, perform precise active and reactive power control, but most significantly mitigate line current harmonics. Αctive and reactive power control is implemented by appropriate regulation of the modulation sinewave amplitude and phase, respectively. This type of control is easily customizable in order to accommodate a variety of power quality targets, depending on the required level of services and available grid monitoring equipment. The method used for line current harmonic compensation is based on the injection of mirror harmonics created at the modulation stage of the converter. It is indifferent of harmonic source: it is equally successful at mitigating harmonics caused by the power electronic converter of the Smart Boiler, other sources of current harmonics or loads. The achieved grid services are clearly beyond the "on/off" operation of electric boilers, currently implemented by Demand Side Management (DSM) in order to shift load away from peak hours. It has been demonstrated through simulations, that Smart Boilers can assist voltage regulation at terminal buses, compensate reactive power and suppress harmonic currents at lines. 展开更多
关键词 Electrical Grid Improvement High Harmonics Minimization Smart Boilers Smart Power Grids Active Power Control Reactive Power Compensation
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Techno-Economic Evaluation and Optimization of Grid Connected PV and Wind Generating System for Riyadh City 认领
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作者 Fahd A. Alturki Abdulhakim Bin Dayil 《电力能源(英文)》 2020年第12期46-63,共18页
The risks and challenges faced by human society at the moment are global warming, climate change and pollution. In addition to their effect on the atmosphere, the quantity of fossil fuels is beginning to decrease, and... The risks and challenges faced by human society at the moment are global warming, climate change and pollution. In addition to their effect on the atmosphere, the quantity of fossil fuels is beginning to decrease, and countries have taken steps to encourage greater use of renewable energy resources. This article explores the feasibility of supplying electricity from a hybrid power system (HPS) comprising wind/photovoltaic (PV) and batteries. Taking into account residential buildings that consume the largest portion of energy in Saudi grid, Saudi Arabia, Riyadh is the preferred city with distinctive geographical and climatic conditions. The hourly electricity demand data must be over 8760 hours during a 1-year analysis in order to assess the optimum design and operational planning of the HPS. The economic analysis is carried out by applying HOMER software on the basis of net present cost (NPC), energy cost (COE) and the renewable fraction for all situations. In addition, to specify the effect of fuel costs on the scheme, sensitivity tests are carried out by considering two separate tariff rates for residential consumers. The results of the economic analysis show that current tariff is not economic to use HSP under warm and temperate climate conditions compare to using electricity from grid and the expected forecasted tariff shows it's economic to use HSP compare to grid electricity. 展开更多
关键词 Solar GRID Optimization COST HOMER Pro® Software
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Forecasting-Based Adaptive Optimized Dispatch in Smart Grid Online 认领
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作者 Qiang Jiang Dan Hu Duyi He 《现代非线性理论与应用(英文)》 2020年第1期1-18,共18页
The power grid is a fusion of technologies in energy systems, and how to adjust and control the output power of each generator to balance the load of the grid is a crucial issue. As a platform, the smart grid is for t... The power grid is a fusion of technologies in energy systems, and how to adjust and control the output power of each generator to balance the load of the grid is a crucial issue. As a platform, the smart grid is for the convenience of the implementation of adaptive control generators using advanced technologies. In this paper, we are introducing a new approach, the Central Lower Configuration Table, which optimizes dispatch of the generating capacity in a smart grid power system. The dispatch strategy of each generator in the grid is presented in the configuration table, and the scenario consists of two-level agents. A central agent optimizes dispatch calculation to get the configuration table, and a


Dutch auction
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
A 1957 Dutch auction in Germany to sell fruits
A Dutch auction is a type of auction in which the auctioneer begins with a high asking price which is lowered until some participant is willing to accept the auctioneer's price, or a predetermined reserve price (the seller's minimum acceptable price) is reached. The winning participant pays the last announced price. This is also known as a clock auction or an open-outcry descending-price auction.
This type of auction is convenient when it is important to auction goods quickly, since a sale never requires more than one bid. Theoretically, the bidding strategy and results of this auction are equivalent to those in a sealed first-price auction.
Auction process[edit]
In a Dutch auction, the item being sold is initially offered at a very high price, well in excess of the amount the seller expects to receive. Bids are not sealed, as they are in some types of auctions. The price is lowered in decrements until a bidder accepts the current price. That bidder wins the auction and pays that price for the item. For example, suppose a business is auctioning off a used company car. The bidding may start at $15,000. The bidders will wait as the price is successively reduced to $14,000, $13,000, $12,000, $11,000 and $10,000. When the price reaches $10,000, Bidder A decides to accept that price and, because he is the first bidder to do so, wins the auction and has to pay $10,000 for the car.
Dutch auctions are a competitive alternative to a traditional auction, in which bids of increasing value are made until a final selling price is reached, because due to ever-decreasing bids buyers must act decisively to name their price or risk losing to a lower offer. [1]
A second price auction[edit]
There is some confusion over terminology. Some financial commentators and some third-party auction sites use the term Dutch auction to refer to second-price auctions, which are different from Dutch auctions.
In a second price auction, the seller offers more than one identical item for sale, so that there may be more than one winning bidder. Each bidder can bid for all the items or only some of them, and publicly indicates the price that he/she is willing to pay for each item. However, all winning bidders need to pay only the lowest qualifying (successful) bid. If there are more successful bids than items available, priority goes to the bidders who submitted their bids first.
In order to beat a competing bidder, one must bid a higher price per item than that competitor, regardless of the number of items that are being bid for. Here is an example of how this might work:
The seller auctions 5 identical items.
 1. Bidder "High" bids for 4 items at $21 each.
 2. Bidder "Mid" bids for 2 items at $20 each.
 3. Bidder "Low" bids for 3 items at $18 each.
The outcome of this auction would be:
 1. Bidder "High" wins all the items they sought (qty 4), at $20 each.
 2. Bidder "Mid" wins 1 of the 2 items they sought (because no more remain), also at $20 each.
The price is $20 because that was the lowest successful bid (hence the second price). Since Bidder "Mid" was only awarded 1 item, and his original bid was for 2 items, he has the right to refuse the purchase of that partial amount. As a winning bidder, you have the right to refuse paying only if you are awarded less than the number of the items you were bidding on. If this were a Dutch Auction, the first bid made wins the item, regardless of value.
Public offerings[edit]
The United States Department of the Treasury, through the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (FRBNY), raises funds for the U.S. Government using a Dutch auction.[citation needed] The FRBNY interacts with primary dealers, including large banks and broker-dealers who submit bids on behalf of themselves and their clients using the Trading Room Automated Processing System (TRAPS), and are generally told of winning bids within fifteen minutes.
For example, suppose the sponsor of the issuance is seeking to raise $10 billion in ten-year notes with a 5.125% coupon and in aggregate the bids are as follows:
 - $1.00 billion at 5.115% (highest bid)
 - $2.50 billion at 5.120%
 - $3.50 billion at 5.125%
 - $4.50 billion at 5.130%
 - $3.75 billion at 5.135%
 - $2.75 billion at 5.140%
 - $1.50 billion at 5.145% (lowest bid)
In this example the % at high is 66.66%, meaning only $3 billion of the $4.5 billion at 5.130% will get bonds. Bids will be filled from the lowest yield (highest price) until the entire $10 billion has been raised. This auction will clear at a yield of 5.130%, and all bidders will pay the same amount. In theory, this feature of the Dutch auction format leads to more aggressive bidding as those who in this case bid 5.115% will receive the bonds at the higher yield (lower price) of 5.130%.
A variation on the Dutch auction, OpenIPO, was developed by WR Hambrecht and has been used for 19 IPOs in the US. Auctions have been used for hundreds of IPOs in more than two dozen countries, but have not been popular with issuers and thus were replaced by other methods. One of the largest uniform price or "Dutch" auction IPOs was for Singapore Telecom in 1994. The 1994 auction IPO of Japan Tobacco was substantially larger (with proceeds more than double those of Singapore Telecom and triple those of Google), but this auction was discriminatory or pay-what-you-bid, not uniform price or "Dutch". SRECTrade.com uses a two-sided Dutch auction to trade Solar Renewable Energy Credits (SRECs).
Dutch auction share repurchases[edit]
The introduction of the Dutch auction share repurchase in 1981 allows firms an alternative to the fixed price tender offer when executing a tender offer share repurchase. The first firm to utilize the Dutch auction was Todd Shipyards. A Dutch auction offer specifies a price range within which the shares will ultimately be purchased. Shareholders are invited to tender their stock, if they desire, at any price within the stated range. The firm then compiles these responses, creating a supply curve for the stock.[2] The purchase price is the lowest price that allows the firm to buy the number of shares sought in the offer, and the firm pays that price to all investors who tendered at or below that price. If the number of shares tendered exceeds the number sought, then the company purchases less than all shares tendered at or below the purchase price on a pro rata basis to all who tendered at or below the purchase price. If too few shares are tendered, then the firm either cancels the offer (provided it had been made conditional on a minimum acceptance), or it buys back all tendered shares at the maximum price.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ _URL_
 2. ^ To understand the Dutch auction bidding and outcome from actual shareholder tendering responses, see Bagwell, Laurie Simon, "Dutch Auction Repurchases: An Analysis of Shareholder Heterogeneity,". 1992. Journal of Finance, Vol. 47, No. 1, 71–105.


Immigration, Religion, and the West
How do the religious practices of immigrants to the Western World affect their integration? How does the process of immigration affects their faith?
The Syrian Civil War and the advent of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) have caused a human disaster of the highest degree. According to recent media estimates, 300,000 have died and 10 million have been made homeless since demonstrations began in the fateful "Arab Spring" of 2011.[1] A terrible situation has become worse. US, Kurdish and Iranian forces are attacking ISIS, but Russian forces in Syria are also targeting US-backed Syrian rebels who are trying to overthrow Syrian president Bashar Al-Assad. There is no end in sight.
Unsurprisingly such misery has generated millions of refugees. Turkey, Lebanon and Jordan have accepted 3.5 million between them,[2] but a tide of refugees is beginning to roll towards Europe. Many countries have absorbed some, and Germany has agreed to accept 800,000.[3] Libya, sub-Saharan Africa, and many other failed states also send tens of thousands of migrants to Europe, and the United States, every year.
Continue reading "Immigration, Religion, and the West"


text:
Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne
|Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne|
|24th Governor of Illinois|
|Preceded by||Charles S. Deneen|
|Succeeded by||Frank O. Lowden|
|38th Mayor of the City of Chicago|
|Preceded by||Carter Harrison, Jr.|
|Succeeded by||Fred A. Busse|
October 12, 1853|
|Died||May 24, 1937
|Spouse(s)||Elizabeth J. Kelly (d.1928)|
Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne (October 12, 1853 – May 24, 1937) was an American politician who was the 24th Governor of Illinois from 1913 to 1917 and previously served as the 38th mayor of Chicago from April 5, 1905 to 1907.
Early years
Born in 1853, in Watertown, Connecticut, he was the son of an ardent Irish nationalist, Patrick William (P. W.) Dunne (1832–1921), who emigrated to America in 1849 after the failed Young Ireland revolt. His mother, Delia Mary (Mary) Lawlor, was the daughter of a prosperous Irish contractor, and participant in the Irish Rebellion of 1798, who helped construct the docks of Galway.
The family moved to Peoria, Illinois while Dunne was still an infant, and he was educated there in the public schools. His father refused to send his son to the local Catholic academy, because the Catholic Church had spoken out against the activities of the Fenians.
P. W. Dunne was a prosperous businessman, active in both Irish and American politics. He raised money for the Fenians, gave generously of his own funds, and frequently hosted Irish politicians, political exiles, and rebels in his home when they traveled to Chicago.
Education and early career
After Dunne graduated from high school in 1871, he was sent to Ireland to attend Trinity College in Dublin. His father wanted his son to be educated at the alma mater of Irish patriot, Robert Emmet. Among his classmates was the author Oscar Wilde. Dunne did extremely well at Trinity, but was forced to leave one year short of graduation, after his father suffered a financial setback.
Dunne returned to Illinois, and finished his education at Union College of Law in Chicago, where his family had settled in 1877. Soon after graduation he married the daughter of a Chicago businessman, Elizabeth Kelly, and started a prosperous legal practice.
Political career
He served from _PHONE_ as Judge of the Circuit Court in Chicago. He resigned to run for mayor, winning election as a Democrat, in 1905. As Mayor, Dunne was instrumental in reducing the price of gasoline in Chicago from $1.00 to 85 cents, and of water from 10 cents to 7 cents per thousand gallons. He was also a strong proponent of municipal ownership of public utilities.
Dunne returned to his legal practice in 1907 after he finished his term as mayor. He returned to politics in 1912, when he was elected Governor of Illinois, on the Democratic ticket.
As governor Dunne championed numerous progressive reforms, including Women's Suffrage, prison reforms, major infrastructural improvements, the creation of the Public Utility Commission, the Efficiency and Economy Commission, the Legislative Reference Bureau, and he also expanded the state's responsibility for overseeing workman's compensation benefits and teachers' pensions.
In November 1915, Dunne designated state Senator Stephen Canaday of Hillsboro to appear as his representative on the train car along with the Liberty Bell as it passed through southern Illinois on its nationwide tour returning to Pennsylvania from the Panama-Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco. After that trip, the Liberty Bell returned to Pennsylvania and will not be moved again.
- "In view of the fact that the Ku Klux Klan has adopted the weapon of mass action, it was our desire to organize a society which shall develop harmony and good feeling between different classes, rather than enmity," Mr. Dunne said today. "Invitations were sent to many prominent church, political, business and welfare men, and the replies are coming in now...."
- The Ku Klux Klan, which maintains an office here under the name of the "Southern Publicity Bureau" was called "a menace to this and any community" by former Governor Dunne in their adoption of the "equipment of burglar masks and implements of violence."
American Commission on Irish Independence
In 1919, Dunne was appointed by the Irish Race Convention to serve on the American Commission on Irish Independence. As part of this commission, Dunne traveled to the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 in order to voice Irish-American desires for an independent Irish nation. During his stay in Europe, he also visited Ireland. He spend ten days touring the island and meeting with politicians. He also addressed the First Dail on 9 May 1919.
Later years and death
Dunne returned once again to practicing law after leaving office in 1917. His legal practice was damaged by the ravages of the Great Depression, but he supplemented this work with a position as counsel to the Cook County Board of Election Commissioners.
Dunne died in Chicago on May 24, 1937.
- Morton, Richard Allen. Justice and Humanity: Edward F. Dunne, Illinois Progressive. p. 1-4. Carbondale, Ill.: Southern Illinois University Press, 1997.
- Curtis, Georgina Pell.The American Catholic Who's Who, Vol 1. p. 179-180. Washington, DC, 1910.
- Morton, Richard Allen. Justice and Humanity: Edward F. Dunne, Illinois Progressive. p. 79-81. Carbondale, Ill.: Southern Illinois University Press, 1997.
- Morton, Richard Allen. Edward F. Dunne: Illinois' Most Progressive Governor. ISHS, Winter 1990 edition. p.218-234
- "Liberty Bell Attracts Crowd in Greenville During 1915 Stop". Greenville Advocate. July 3, 2007.
- "Organizing to Fight The Ku Klux Klan", New York Times, September 21, 1921. Accessed August 25, 2009. _URL_
- Carroll, F. M. American Opinion and the Irish Question. (New York: St. Martin Press, 1978), 133 and 198.
- Morton, Richard Allen. Justice and Humanity: Edward F. Dunne, Illinois Progressive. p. 127. Carbondale, Ill.: Southern Illinois University Press, 1997.
Further reading
- Morton, Richard Allen. Edward F. Dunne: Illinois' Most Progressive Governor. ISHS, Winter 1990 edition. p. 218-234
- Morton, Richard Allen. Justice and Humanity: Edward F. Dunne, Illinois Progressive. Carbondale, Ill.: Southern Illinois University Press, 1997. ISBN 0-8093-2095-9
- Sullivan, William Larkin. Dunne: Judge, Mayor, Governor. Chicago: Windermere Press, 1916
- Public Transportation and the Failure of Municipal Socialism in Chicago, _PHONE_:
- Chicago and Municipal Ownership, by Edward F. Dunne, National Magazine, June 1905
- "Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne". Find a Grave. Retrieved September 3, 2010.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Global energy-optimised redundancy resolution in hydraulic manipulators using dynamic programming
Nurmi, Jarmo; Mattila, Jouni (2017-01)
01 / 2017
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
This paper addresses the problem of redundancy resolution in closed-loop controlled hydraulic manipulators. The problem is treated at the hydraulic level using proposed cost functions formulated into a dynamic programming approach of minimum-state representation. Bounds on joint range, actuator velocity and acceleration were enforced. This approach minimises the hydraulic energy consumption of the widely popular load-sensing and constant-supply pressure systems. The presented approach can resolve the redundancy more effectively from the hydraulic side than do actuator velocity or energy optimisation approaches, point-wise optimal approaches or some standard direct optimisation tools that may lead to inferior solutions, as shown in simulation results where up to 15–30% greater energy use is seen with some competing approaches. The results obtained motivate joint trajectory optimisation at the hydraulic level in prospective applications at construction sites where frequently driven work cycles of hydraulic construction cranes are automated.
- TUNICRIS-julkaisut

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The British Nationality Act 1981 provides that a child born in the UK is either automatically born British or, they are not British but may be able to apply to become British through a process called registration when certain conditions are satisfied. The most relevant subsections of the Act are set out:
1 Acquisition by birth or adoption.
(1) A person born in the United Kingdom after commencement, or in a qualifying territory on or after the appointed day, shall be a British citizen if at the time of the birth his father or mother is—
(a) a British citizen; or
(b) settled in the United Kingdom
Example: a child born in the UK where one parent holds settled status under the EU settlement scheme will automatically be born a British citizen, on account of one parent being considered settled in the UK at the date the child is born.
(3) A person born in the United Kingdom after commencement who is not a British citizen by virtue of subsection (1) (1A) or (2) shall be entitled to be registered as a British citizen if, while he is a minor—
(a) his father or mother becomes a British citizen or becomes settled in the United Kingdom; and
(b) an application is made for his registration as a British citizen
Example: a child born in the UK where both parents hold pre-settled status under the EU settlement scheme is not automatically born British as neither Parents is settled in the UK at the date of the Childs birth. However, the child will be entitled to register as a British citizen if either of the parents is granted settled status in the future and the child is still under 18 years old at the date of application. If the child does not make an application to the Home Office to register, they will not become a British citizen. An application to register a child as a British citizen under this section of the British Nationality Act currently costs £1012.
The BNA Regulations
The British Nationality Act 1981 (Immigration Rules Appendix EU) (Amendment) Regulations 2021 (The BNA Regulations) relate exclusively to children born in the UK whose parent(s) obtain status under the EUSS. The purpose of the BNA Regulations is to amend the above provisions of the British Nationality Act 1981 so that children born on or after 01 July 2021 automatically become British if one of their parents is granted settled status under Appendix EU after the child is born (subject to meeting the relevant conditions). The same approach is taken where parents are issued Indefinite Leave under Appendix EU of the Isle of Man immigration rules. The child automatically becomes British on the date the parent is granted settled status. This is a significant change to the existing law as it removes the requirement for the child to make a paid registration application to become British once either parent is granted settled status. It also removes the choice for the child / parent to decide if they want the child to become British.
The Regulations cover two situations; in both cases the outcome of the EUSS application must be that the parent is granted settled status and was eligible for settled status before the date the child was born (in other words, the parents had been continuously resident in the UK for five years at the date of the child's birth). The child must be born on after 01 July 2021:
- A parent applicant applies before the EUSS deadline and then has a child born in the UK on after 01 July 2021, but before they receive the decision on the EUSS application.
- The parent applicant misses the EUSS deadline but subsequently makes a late application that is accepted and is granted settled status. The child is born between 01 July 2021 and the date that the application is granted.
In either situation described, if the parent is granted settled status the child will become a British citizen automatically. This also applies to children where their parents were immigration exempt at the time of their birth if they were subsequently granted settled status once they ceased to be immigration exempt.
Potential discrimination issue
There is an issue with this approach highlighted in the explanatory memo at point 7.3, it states:
This means that such a person will, after 30th June 2021, be residing in the UK without immigration leave, until such time as their application to the EU Settlement Scheme is successful. Should any child be born in the UK to them in the meantime, the parent would not be able to meet the definition of 'settled' required under the BNA and the child would not automatically become a British citizen. This should be contrasted with the position had the child been born before the grace period ended (and assuming their parent would have met the eligibility requirements for Indefinite Leave under the EU Settlement Scheme at that time), or if they were born after a grant of Indefinite Leave.
A child born in the grace period to parents without settled status would only be British if it could be shown that their parents had attained permanent residence under the EEA Regulations (under Section 1(1) of the British Nationality Act 1981 the person is considered to be settled in the UK at the date of the child's birth where they hold permanent residence).
However, there is no basis to argue that non-permanent residence parents who were eligible for settled status but did not apply before the child was born, could argue that the child is British. This is because as the law stands today (the Regulations to not take effect until 01 July 2021), a child is either automatically born British or, they are not British at all and need to apply to become British through registration. Therefore, a child who is born before the end of the grace period will not automatically become British if the parents are granted settled status under the EUSS even if the parents were had lived in the UK for five years at the point when the child is born.
Arguable, the Home Office could have created a set of Regulations to take affect from 01 January 2021 which would have created the same rule that is being implemented from 01 July 2021. Effectively, children born in the Grace Period (and before), are disadvantaged against those born postGrace Period. The explanatory memo misstates the law where is says that a child born in the Grace Period would be born a British citizen "assuming their parent would have met the eligibility requirements for Indefinite Leave under the EU Settlement Scheme at that time", as there is nothing in the British Nationality Act 1981 that provides for this legal situation.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Frequency and Incidence of Pyrenochaeta terrestris in Root Internodes of Different Maize Hybrids
Authorized Users Only
Article (Published version)
MetadataShow full item record
The frequency and incidence of Pyrenochaeta terrestris and symptom type on the roots of each internode of four maize hybrids of different maturity groups were studied 70 days after sowing. The fungus developed in the roots of all developed internodes (from the primary to the sixth or seventh internodes of all tested hybrids). The average frequency and incidence of P. terrestris in the roots of late and medium early maturity hybrids ranged from 29.5 to 55.2% and from 11.8 to 22.7%, respectively. The highest frequency of the fungus was at the 2nd root internode (93.3%), and its greatest incidence was detected in the mesocotyl of the medium early hybrid H-1 (56.9%). Necrosis predominated in the roots of the medium early (i.e. medium late maturity hybrids, 44.5% and 44.3%, respectively), whereas reddish pink symptoms were recorded in the roots of the late hybrids (51% and 42.5%). Because the fungus always produces a distinctive red pigment on carnation leaf agar (CLA) in a light regime, th...ese conditions can be recommended for the reliable identification of P. terrestris, even if pycnidia are not formed. These are the first reports of the successive distribution of the fungus in each maize root internode of different hybrids, as well as the use of CLA medium in the identification of the P. terrestris.
Keywords:Pyrenochaeta terrestris / maize / red root rot / symptoms / Serbia
Source:Journal of Phytopathology, 2011, 159, 6, 424-428
- Wiley-Blackwell, Malden


text:
How To Say "Born" in Spanish
IntroductionWhen learning a new language, it's essential to familiarize yourself with common vocabulary. One word that often comes up in conversations is "born." In this article, we will explore the different ways to say "born" in Spanish, as well as some related expressions and useful examples.
Translation Options1. Nacer: The most common translation for "born" is "nacer" in Spanish. This verb is used when referring to the act of being born. For example, "Ella nació en España" translates to "She was born in Spain."2. Nacimiento: Another option is to use the noun "nacimiento," which directly translates to "birth." For instance, you can say "Mi hermana celebrará su nacimiento el próximo mes" (My sister will celebrate her birth next month).3. Ser nativo de: This expression is used when describing someone's origin or nationality. For example, if you want to say "He is born in Mexico," you can say "Él es nativo de México."4. Provenir de: If you want to emphasize where someone originates from, you can use the verb phrase "provenir de." For instance, "Ella proviene de una familia humilde" means "She comes from a humble family."
Example SentencesNow let's take a look at some example sentences to further understand the usage of these translations:1. Mis abuelos nacieron en Italia. (My grandparents were born in Italy)2. El cantante famoso es nativo de Argentina. (The famous singer is born in Argentina)3. Él proviene de una ciudad pequeña en el sur del país. (He comes from a small city in the south of the country)4. Ella celebrará su nacimiento en el hospital. (She will celebrate her birth at the hospital)5. Mis primos son nativos de Francia pero viven en España. (My cousins are born in France but live in Spain)
Related VocabularyTo expand your vocabulary further, here are some related words and phrases that you may find useful:1. Recién nacido/a: Newborn2. Parto: Delivery3. Maternidad: Maternity4. Origen: Origin5. Nacionalidad: Nationality6. Infancia: Childhood7. Tribu: Tribe
ConclusionIn conclusion, when expressing the concept of being "born" in Spanish, you can use the verb "nacer" or the noun "nacimiento." Additionally, to describe someone's origin, you can use phrases like "ser nativo de" or "provenir de." By using these translations and expanding your vocabulary with related terms, you will be able to discuss birth and origins in Spanish more confidently. Practice actively using these words and expressions in conversations, as it will greatly enhance your language skills.
How To Say Catholicism in Spanish


Who Owns Data
Data Quality is a risk without a clear understanding of responsibilities
There are other questions that have come before this one like, "why am I here?" but, for those of us especially interested in data management, none are as critical to answer. And while at first the answer may seem easy to discern, on closer examination, it is not so straight-forward.
Consider trading within the Financial Services industry and the ubiquitous need to maintain a master list of securities and related indicative data, such as Security Identifiers, Name, Issuer, Ratings, Rates, Classifications, etc., each security type having different attributes to describe from the next. And that's where the challenges begin. Are all of the attributes for all security types owned by one person or group; or is there a distribution of responsibilities based on asset class? Different firms have different approaches, which, in large part, depend on the firm's size, scope and organizational structure.
So, which approach is right? Or, to be exact, which approach yields the best results? Ownership of data comes down to two major components: who owns the data content and who owns the data structure. Consider this analogy – as a condominium owner, you have responsibility for the contents of your condo. You're allowed to put anything you want into the condo, with some limits (no elephants allowed, for example). At the same time, even though you own the condo, you are not allowed to change its structure – that is left to the building manager, or structure owner. The structure owner is required to maintain the structure according to a set of standards (e.g., SLA, settlement or regulatory requirements). And may, with prior notice and sign-off from condo owners, even change the structure (to improve performance, add features or increase capacity). So, who owns the condo? Who owns the data?
There are close parallels between the condo owner and the data content owner, and the building manager and the data structure owner. The most effective answer is that there should be a collaborative relationship where there is shared ownership with "the business" more responsible for data content and their technology partners with primary responsibility for data structures and systems. Joint ownership will have a positive impact on data quality, the ability to properly govern that data (in terms of both content and structure), and ultimately on the usability of the data as well.
If you would like to know more, contact Craig at _EMAIL_.


at 14:06
 - $\begingroup$ No the data is not swinging positive and negative, because I take the absolute value of the signal at the beginning of the code : (fs, x) = read('test.wav') x = abs(x) $\endgroup$ – Basj Nov 30 '15 at 14:09
 - $\begingroup$ See this answer, first bullet in the list, he suggests using median instead of moving average to have less effect of outliers. $\endgroup$ – Basj Nov 30 '15 at 14:09
What you said is correct - moving median is less sensitive to outliers, where an outlier is usually a single point in time series that is very different from all others, which may be due to some kind of error. Moving median filter simply removes outliers from the result, where moving mean/average always takes into account every point. However, moving median can be even more sensitive to short term significant spikes that span several points, especially when they span more than half of the moving window.
Your Answer


text:
2-aminopurine (2-AP) is a fluorescent analog of adenine (6-aminopurine). The fluorescence of 2-AP ia quenched once it is incorporated into the base-stacked structure of dsDNA. However, if the base stacking or base pairing of DNA is locally perturbed, the fluorescence of 2-AP is enhanced. Therefore the intensity of fluorescence emissions by 2-AP molecules can be used to monitor perturbations in DNA structure caused by interactions between DNA and proteins, such as DNA polymerase, helicase, and methyl transferase.
Subjects: Genetics and Genomics.


text:
Quick Start Guide
- vMAP overview
- Manage users and rights
- View your data on vMAP
- Analyse your data
- Style your map
- Print and share your map
- vMAP Glossary
- Admin Center Guide
Split a polygon
To split two polygons, follow these steps:
Step 1. Select a polygon on the mapview by clicking on the polygon. To open the Split Polygon window, select from the icon in toolbar on the mapview.
Step 2. The polygon Name and Target layer will be displayed in the Split Polygon window. Choose a target layer where the split two layers will be saved later.
Step 3. To draw a line across the selected polygon for splitting, click the Create Line button. Hold down the [Shift] key while moving the cursor, click on the map to mark the start point and double-click to mark the end point, forming a line.
To reset the Split Polygon window and select another polygon, click the Select Another Polygon button.
Step 4. To save the splitting operation, click the button to proceed.
Step 5. Set the Name and Description of the two new split polygons. Also set the field values if needed (see the screenshot below). vMAP offers two approaches to set the field values:
Approach 1: Set the field value by batch processing.
Approach 2: Set the field value one by one manually.
Approach 1: Set the field values by batch processing
Follow these steps to batch process values of split polygons:
Step 1. To copy the value of each field from the original polygon to the corresponding values of the two split polygons, click the Copy button.
Step 2. To split the value of each field from the original polygon to the two split polygons evenly, click the Average button.
Step 3. To reset the value of each field of the two split polygons, click the Clearbutton.
Step 4. To save the split polygons, click the button. Then you can locate these two split polygons on the target layers.
Approach 2 :Set the field values one by one manually
Approach 2 is different from Approach 1 in that you can set the field values one by onem and they will not be affected by the original polygon's values. The icons have the same functionalities as Approach 1.
When getting back to vMAP center map panel and selecting the polygon, you will find it will be three polygons now: the original polygon, two split polygons in target layer.


Home / Resources / September 2019 / Part 1 - From power wheelchair environmental control to IoT
Part 1 - From power wheelchair environmental control to IoT
Dela:
Abstract
The wheeled mobility devices industry has experienced a significant level of technological development over the last few years; this innovation entails not just an increased level of customisation of the aid to meet the user's needs, but also a range of solutions enabling the user to interact with ICT devices (e.g. smartphones and tablets) and with household technologies directly through the wheelchair's controls.
But how can the Power Wheelchair (PWC) effectively interact with the home environment? What is the potential of this interaction? This publication aims to find simple and quick answers to these questions.
Keywords
IoT (Internet of Things); ICT (Information Communication Technology); PMD (Power mobility devices); PWC (Power Wheelchair); Wheelchair; AT (Assistive Technologies); Electronics; Environmental control
Introduction
It seems that the assessment and choice of a wheelchair, as well as the user's training, are not yet considered priority tasks by many clinicians, thus leaving them to be managed only by the providers of mobility aids 1. We believe however that this state of things should be reconsidered, with the investment of appropriate resources and time, because:
 - over the last few years there has been a remarkable increase in the quantity and in the level of customisation of the models available; furthermore, the manufacturers are focusing more and more on design and aesthetic features of their products, which are among the essential factors that promote their introduction and support their use
 - wheelchairs, particularly powered ones, are wheeled mobility devices that can offer a range of automated posture settings controlled directly by the user, resulting in increased comfort and prevention of pressure sores, even in subjects with very severe disabilities
 - the number of persons with disabilities who use a wheelchair is rising constantly, with a bigger increase among elderly people and people with disabilities, which means that manual or power wheelchairs are now used by many people who a few years ago, while being in the same situation, would not have adopted them; it is consequently possible to infer that this solution is becoming more and more accepted1, 2 ,3
 - research underlines the fact that personal mobility, a function that wheelchairs can offer to those with mobility problems, gives people with disabilities the opportunity to increase their social inclusion and improve their quality of life.4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
However, in order for the wheelchair to fulfil this important function in the best possible way, it is necessary for it to be carefully chosen and customised, and for the user to be suitably trained on how to operate it 10, 11, 12: This means that the practitioners ought to be trained, competent and possibly specialised. We evince from the existing literature that in order to provide a satisfactory service it is vital for the professional advice to be focused on the resources, activities and wishes of the person with disabilities13, 14, 15.
Power Mobility Devices
The power mobility devices industry has witnessed a remarkable technological development over the last few years; this innovation is not limited to the adoption of new mechanical and electronic resources, but includes the offer of solutions allowing a high degree of customisation and levels of performance that until recently were considered out of reach, which includes the interaction with other technological devices of common use, firstly smartphones and tablets. When choosing from the wide range of power wheelchairs currently on offer, it is worth to focus the comparison on:
 1. main usage environments (indoors, indoors/outdoors, outdoors)
 2. driving configuration (rear-wheel, front-wheel, mid-wheel drive,all-wheel drive).
It is possible to add to these well-established categories another one that takes into account the opportunities offered by modern power wheelchairs in terms of being able to fit them with special/alternative joystick commands, environmental controls and connectivity modules for ICT devices (smartphone and tablet);
 1. comparison based on electronics expandability (expandable electronics, non expandable electronics) 16.
Most power wheelchairs are controlled by a joystick, called a standard proportional control, which is tasked with controlling both the propulsion and the direction of the wheelchair. It is called proportional because it works like a throttle; an increase in the tilt angle of the stick results in a proportional acceleration of the wheelchair.
Q200-non-expandable-electronics-Q700-expandable-electronics
Picture 1: Q200 Sunrise Medical electronic wheelchair with non expandable electronics
Picture 2: Q700 Sunrise Medical electronic wheelchair with expandable electronics
If the user is unable to operate the joystick, a wheelchair with expandable electronics can be fitted with alternative controls: mini or compact joystick, head arrays, chin controls, foot controls, Sip 'n Puff, switch controls, scanning controls, etc. Expandable electronics enable the use of smart technology, a real nervous system in which the functions of its various components (motors, automations, controls, etc.) are managed and programmed via data packets processed by artificial intelligence located in a single power module.
Expandable electronics allow to "follow" and adapt the wheelchair to the needs and characteristics of the user, even in the event of rapidly developing progressive diseases; this is an essential aspect to consider when choosing the wheelchair, because there are several models that can be provided with both types of electronics.
Direct environmental control
One of the most frequent requests from power wheelchair users is to be able to access environmental controls from the wheelchair, as well as managing mobile ICT (Information Communication Technology) devices such as smartphone and tablet. These devices can concentrate functions and applications that until recently could only be provided by cumbersome ICT equipment, but now they can be easily installed on power wheelchairs with significant benefits on the quality of life of people with disabilities and their care-givers.
Expandable electronics in wheelchairs are therefore offering what was considered not that many years ago as a potential new frontier, since the power wheelchair can be equipped with some integrated modules for environmental control enabling the user to interact with PC, TV set, as well as lighting, doors, windows, etc. by operating the same controls used to drive the wheelchair.
Environmental control modules are generally integrated in some joysticks (see picture 3) or LCD screen modules dedicated to special/alternative controls (see picture 4) which allow to interact through specific menus with domestic devices that are operated via IR controls (TV set, decoder, air conditioning unit, etc.)
From-power-wheelchair-environmental-control-to-IoT-CJSM2-advance-joystick-omni2-lcd-screen
Picture 3: CJSM2 "Advance" Joystick. Picture 4: Omni2 LCD screen
The environmental controls integrated module can learn and store the IR codes of every remote control in the house and retransmit them on request; these modules are therefore real programmable universal remote controls 16,17 (see picture 5).
Picture 5: Copying the IR codes of domestic remote controls
Picture 5: Copying the IR codes of domestic remote controls
This interactive mode, which uses the wheelchair's technology to manage the environment, is called direct environmental control.
Picture-6-direct-integrated-environmental-control
Picture 6: direct integrated environmental control
(see Part 2 in EIM Resources - October 2019)

Clinical Support Information Citations
End of part 1
(See references in part 2, in next EIM Resources - October 2019)

To mention this publication:
Trioschi D., Rizza F., (2019), "From power wheelchair environmental control to IoT". In EIM – Education In Motion, Sunrise Medical, September-October 2019

This publication is copyrighted. Consultation for private use is permitted, for the reproduction of content is required the authorization of authors.
Contact: _EMAIL_
Devis Trioschi - Sunrise Medical Italy
Devis Trioschi - Sunrise Medical Italy
Clinical & Product Specialist – Occupational Therapist (OT) and Physioterapist (PT)
Graduated in Occupational Therapy, Physical Theraphy and Sport Science, Devis previously worked for 14 years in one of the most known centre for Assistive Technology in Italy dealing mainly with seating posture and powered mobility devices for adults and children.
Federico Rizza - Sunrise Medical Italy
Federico Rizza - Sunrise Medical Italy
Clinical & Product specialist - Occupational Therapist (OT)
Based in Italy, Federico graduated with a bachelor of Health Sciences (Occupational Therapy) degree from University of Pavia in 2017. He is the youngest Occupational Therapist that joins this Sunrise Medical Clinical Team, he is a talented and brilliant clinician despite his young age. He gained experience with a lot of Internships in different facilities, being able to see different clinical realities, from spinal units to neurological rehab, working with blind or visually impaired patients always targeting independence in ADL's.
DISCLAIMER: FOR PROFESSIONAL USE ONLY. THIS WEBSITE (AND THE DOCUMENTS REFERENCED HEREIN) DO NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. Sunrise Medical (US) LLC ("Sunrise") does not provide clinician services. The information contained on this website (and the documents referenced herein), including, but not limited to, the text, graphics, images, and descriptions, are for informational purposes only and should be utilized as a general resource for clinicians and suppliers to then use clinical reasoning skills to determine optimal seating and mobility solutions for individual patients. No material on this website (or any document referenced herein) is intended to be used as (or a substitute for) professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Never disregard your professional medical training when providing medical advice or treatment because of something you have read on this website (or any document referenced herein). Clinicians should review this (and any other materials) carefully and confirm information contained herein with other sources. Reliance


text:
Monkey Business – Rounding to Nearest Ten
I've been working on a comprehensive Notebook lesson called Monkey Business that helps students learn and review basic procedures for rounding to the nearest 10 and the nearest 100. In this lesson, I created a fun review activity called Banana Rama where the goal is to collect 10 bananas as fast as possible by touching on the correct answer to a rounding problem.
I thought it would be useful for teachers if I put the Banana Rama activity into a separate Notebook file and place it in the Free Resource section of The Notebook Gallery website. On the last page of the file, I also included instructions for how to create new versions of the activity that use different numbers so teachers can continue to reinforce rounding to 10 without using the same numbers over and over again.
The complete Monkey Business lesson will be available on The Notebook Gallery resource site in the next day or two. The 80+ page lesson introduces the concept of rounding, provides a fun method for remembering the rules for rounding, and reinforces the concept of rounding through examples and assessment activities.
Sharing Is Caring!
The Notebook Gallery is not associated with Smart Technologies.


text: Problems related to reflection of some algorithms of image processing onto multiprocessor systems are investigated. In particular, algorithms of allocation of contours, such as the gradient method and the combinatorial method (the method of the threshold gradient), are considered. In view of complexity of the algorithm of searching objects on an image, we focus our attention on the parallel variant of only one stage of this algorithm. Namely, we investigate the stage of working with a search tree. Thereby we suppose that architecture containing a switchboard or the multiprocessor Cell developed by IBM Corporation is used in all cases. Data allocation, all data transfers, etc. are described. The formulas for acceleration coefficients are obtained.


,
 78. // Event when you move an item in the list or between lists
 79. onMove: function (/**Event*/evt, /**Event*/originalEvent) {
 80. // Example: _URL_
 81. evt.dragged; // dragged HTMLElement
 82. evt.draggedRect; // DOMRect {left, top, right, bottom}
 83. evt.related; // HTMLElement on which have guided
 84. evt.relatedRect; // DOMRect
 85. evt.willInsertAfter; // Boolean that is true if Sortable will insert drag element after target by default
 86. originalEvent.clientY; // mouse position
 87. // return false; — for cancel
 88. // return -1; — insert before target
 89. // return 1; — insert after target
 90. // return true; — keep default insertion point based on the direction
 91. // return void; — keep default insertion point based on the direction
 92. },
 93. // Called when creating a clone of element
 94. onClone: function (/**Event*/evt) {
 95. var origEl = evt.item;
 96. var cloneEl = evt.clone;
 97. },
 98. // Called when dragging element changes position
 99. onChange: function(/**Event*/evt) {
 100. evt.newIndex // most likely why this event is used is to get the dragging element's current index
 101. // same properties as onEnd
 102. }
 103. });
 104. '''
group option
To drag elements from one list into another, both lists must have the same group value.
You can also define whether lists can give away, give and keep a copy (clone), and receive elements.
name: String — group name
pull: true|false|["foo", "bar"]|'clone'|function — ability to move from the list. clone — copy the item, rather than move. Or an array of group names which the elements may be put in. Defaults to true.
put: true|false|["baz", "qux"]|function — whether elements can be added from other lists, or an array of group names from which elements can be added.
revertClone: boolean — revert cloned element to initial position after moving to a another list.
Demo:
- _URL_
- _URL_ — use of complex logic in the pull and put
- _URL_ — use revertClone: true
sort option
Allow sorting inside list.
Demo: _URL_
delay option
Time in milliseconds to define when the sorting should start.
Unfortunately, due to browser restrictions, delaying is not possible on IE or Edge with native drag & drop.
Demo: _URL_
delayOnTouchOnly option
Whether or not the delay should be applied only if the user is using touch (eg. on a mobile device). No delay will be applied in any other case. Defaults to false.
swapThreshold option
Percentage of the target that the swap zone will take up, as a float between 0 and 1.
Demo: _URL_
invertSwap option
Set to true to set the swap zone to the sides of the target, for the effect of sorting "in between" items.
Demo: _URL_
invertedSwapThreshold option
Percentage of the target that the inverted swap zone will take up, as a float between 0 and 1. If not given, will default to swapThreshold.
direction option
Direction that the Sortable should sort in. Can be set to 'vertical', 'horizontal', or a function, which will be called whenever a target is dragged over. Must return 'vertical' or 'horizontal'.
Example of direction detection for vertical list that includes full column and half column elements:
 1. ''' js
 2. Sortable.create(el, {
 3. direction: function(evt, target, dragEl) {
 4. if (target !== null && target.className.includes('half-column') && dragEl.className.includes('half-column')) {
 5. return 'horizontal';
 6. }
 7. return 'vertical';
 8. }
 9. });
 10. '''
touchStartThreshold option
This option is similar to fallbackTolerance option.
When the delay option is set, some phones with very sensitive touch displays like the Samsung Galaxy S8 will fire
unwanted touchmove events even when your finger is not moving, resulting in the sort not triggering.
This option sets the minimum pointer movement that must occur before the delayed sorting is cancelled.
Values between 3 to 5 are good.
disabled options
Disables the sortable if set to true.
Demo: _URL_
 1. ''' js
 2. var sortable = Sortable.create(list);
 3. document.getElementById("switcher").onclick = function () {
 4. var state = sortable.option("disabled"); // get
 5. sortable.option("disabled", !state); // set
 6. };
 7. '''
handle option
To make list items draggable, Sortable disables text selection by the user.
That's not always desirable. To allow text selection, define a drag handler,
which is an area of every list element that allows it to be dragged around.
Demo: _URL_
 1. ''' js
 2. Sortable.create(el, {
 3. handle: ".my-handle"
 4. });
 5. '''
 1. ''' html
 2.

 3.
:: list item text one
 4.
:: list item text two
 5.

 6. '''
 1. '''css
 2. .my-handle {
 3. cursor: move;
 4. cursor: -webkit-grabbing;
 5. }
 6. '''
filter option
 1. ''' js
 2. Sortable.create(list, {
 3. filter: ".js-remove, .js-edit",
 4. onFilter: function (evt) {
 5. var item = evt.item,
 6. ctrl = evt.target;
 7. if (Sortable.utils.is(ctrl, ".js-remove")) { // Click on remove button
 8. item.parentNode.removeChild(item); // remove sortable item
 9. }
 10. else if (Sortable.utils.is(ctrl, ".js-edit")) { // Click on edit link
 11. // ...
 12. }
 13. }
 14. })
 15. '''
ghostClass option
Class name for the drop placeholder (default sortable-ghost).
Demo: _URL_
 1. '''css
 2. .ghost {
 3. opacity: 0.4;
 4. }
 5. '''
 1. ''' js
 2. Sortable.create(list, {
 3. ghostClass: "ghost"
 4. });
 5. '''
chosenClass option
Class name for the chosen item (default sortable-chosen).
Demo: _URL_
 1. '''css
 2. .chosen {
 3. color: #fff;
 4. background-color: #c00;
 5. }
 6. '''
 1. ''' js
 2. Sortable.create(list, {
 3. delay: 500,
 4. chosenClass: "chosen"
 5. });
 6. '''
forceFallback option
If set to true, the Fallback for non HTML5 Browser will be used, even if we are using an HTML5 Browser.
This gives us the possibility to test the behaviour for older Browsers even in newer Browser, or make the Drag 'n Drop feel more consistent between Desktop , Mobile and old Browsers.
On top of that, the Fallback always generates a copy of that DOM Element and appends the class fallbackClass defined in the options. This behaviour controls the look of this 'dragged' Element.
Demo: _URL_
fallbackTolerance option
Emulates the native drag threshold. Specify in pixels how far the mouse should move before it's considered as a drag.
Useful if the items are also clickable like in a list of links.
When the user clicks inside a sortable element, it's not uncommon for your hand to move a little between the time you press and the time you release.
Dragging only starts if you move the pointer past a certain tolerance, so that you don't accidentally start dragging every time you click.
3 to 5 are probably good values.
dragoverBubble option
If set to true, the dragover event will bubble to parent sortables. Works on both fallback and native dragover event.
By default, it is false, but Sortable will only stop


Home > Blog > Is working more the answer to your financial problems?
Is working more the answer to your financial problems?
Posted on 21 December 2018
Is working more the answer to your financial problems?
Money and Life
(Financial Planning Association of Australia)
When working more means earning more, it makes sense to take that promotion or extra shift to get ahead financially. But when expenses go up and quality of life goes down, is the price you're paying for longer hours too high?
So you've been offered a pay rise at work that comes with more responsibilities. If that's going to mean staying late at the office or taking work home with you, is the extra income really going to make it worth your while? Here are 3 important things to ask yourself before changing your lifestyle and habits to make more time for earning money.
1. Where will you be spending more?
 - When leisure time is rare and precious, you're more likely to spend extra money on household maintenance, cleaning and laundry services.
2. What will you be missing out on?
It's all too easy to get caught up in the idea that earning more is the path to greater security. And if you feel more secure, then you're going feel less anxious and more positive right? Well it depends a lot on your personal definition of what security and happiness means for you. Perhaps it's a priority for you to have comfortable home you can enjoy. If extra work commitments take you away from home more, then you're paying for something you actually enjoy less and less. And when you value things like your health and time with family and friends, there's a very good chance that working more will mean investing less time in these things too. If you're only getting to the gym every other week and skipping family dinners because of work, it's worth asking yourself if the extra dollars are really making up for these missed opportunities.
3. Could you be better off without earning more?
Although getting ahead financially may be important to you, earning more isn't the only way to go about it. Taking a good look at where your money is going is a positive step towards making better spending choices for you and your family. If you're really clear about what matters to you, and your day-to-day budget matches those priorities, you could be better off in a financial sense and have a stronger commitment to your goals and values. A financial planner can act as a sounding board to help you reflect on what's most important to you. They can also guide you through the process of setting goals and managing your budget to make the most of the income you have now.
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This is a baptism sermon idea with the message that there are lots of roles in the Family of God and we all have a part to play in this child's Christian life. It went down very well and I felt many people engaged with it as everyone has a favourite Jelly Baby. I used a set of toy Jelly Babies and made a giant bag so folk could choose their favourite one when I spoke about them.
Bible Reference: Baptism of Jesus: Matthew 3, Mark 1, Luke 3
Give brief history of Jelly Babies (see Wikipedia etc)
All jelly babies used to be the same shape then in 1989, six of the 'babies' were given a name, an identity and features to distinguish them from one another.
Get out of the bag
It takes many people to make up a bag of Jelly Babies/a family/involved in bringing up/influencing a child – many people were and are involved in nurturing:
Jesus, and this child


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Transient Analysis of the Piston Temperature with Consideration of In-cylinder Phenomena Using Engine Measurement and Heat Transfer Simulation Coupled with Three-dimensional Combustion Simulation
This study examined a method of predicting the piston temperature in reciprocating internal combustion engines with the aim of developing lightweight pistons. Since the piston temperature is strongly affected by the in-cylinder temperature distribution and turbulence, it is necessary to consider the effects of flame propagation, cooling by the intake air, temperature rise due to combustion, in-cylinder flow and the combustion chamber shape. A three-dimensional combustion simulation that can take these effects into consideration was run to calculate the heat transfer coefficient from the piston crown surface and the gas temperature. The results were used as the boundary conditions for an analysis of heat transfer from the piston, and a method was thus developed for analyzing the piston temperature.


Archive for November, 2009
A Favorite Theorem
November 30, 2009
one can also obtain
Or, taking limits,
Anyway, it's about time for Khinchin's theorem:
This constant gets called the Lévy-Khinchin constant on Wikipedia.
So anyway, what's your favorite theorem?
November 27, 2009
Yesterday we ended with the identity
If you then integrate by parts you find that
because you can write (fairly cleverly, I feel)
Möbius Inversion
November 25, 2009
Anyway, yesterday I defined the Möbius function
and stated Möbius inversion as follows:
That's pretty fun, I think.
We now have another language in which to state Möbius inversion:
or, in other words,
How's that for an identity?
we have
In the mean time…
A Formula for Primes
November 24, 2009
We've been working with the function
where (mod issues)
Translating the above into symbols, we have just decided that
Möbius inversion is then the following:
or, more generally, we have
Consider the sum
which by our most recent formula is the same as
\pi(x)\sim Li(x).
So you've got that going for you, which is nice.
Another Formula for J(x)
November 22, 2009
If you then use the relation I mentioned previously:
(as if that were helpful).
The important terms seem to involve the function
So, finally, we have written
The Log of Zeta
November 21, 2009
Last time (too long ago, sorry), I finally got around to talking about the function \zeta(s). Today, I think I'd like to talk about \log \zeta(s).
First, though, I should mention Euler's product formula. The goal is to re-write the infinite series \zeta(s)=\sum_n n^{-s} as a product. For each prime p, we can tease out of the series above those terms where n is p to some power. That is, we can think about the sub-series \sum_{k\geq 0} (p^k)^{-s}. This is a geometric series that converges to (1-p^{-s})^{-1}. If we take two such series and multiply them together, which terms from our starting series for \zeta(s) will we recover?
Suppose p and q are two primes, and consider the product
\displaystyle\left(1+\frac{1}{p^s}+\frac{1}{p^{2s}}+\frac{1}{p^{3s}}+\cdots\right)\cdot \left(1+ \frac{1}{q^s}+\frac{1}{q^{2s}}+\frac{1}{q^{3s}}+\cdots\right).
The terms in \sum_n n^{-s} that we obtain from this product are those where n is a product of some power (possibly the 0 power) of p and some power (again, possibly 0) of q. We could then think about another prime, say r, and it's geometric series, and multiply it by the above, and obtain all the terms in \sum_n n^{-s} where n=p^aq^br^c for some 0\leq a,b,c.
Continuing on, and recalling that every positive integer has a unique factorization as a product of primes, we obtain the magical formula (isn't most of Euler's work magical?):
\displaystyle \sum_n \frac{1}{n^s}=\prod_p (1-p^{-s})^{-1},
where the product is indexed by the primes. What's nice about this, for us, at the moment, is that logarithms work well with products and powers, but not soo well for sums. Recalling the Taylor polynomial
\ln(1-x)=-1-x-x^2-x^3-\cdots=-\sum\limits_{n=0}^{\infty} x^n
we find
\displaystyle \ln \zeta(s)=\sum_p\sum_n \frac{1}{n}p^{-ns}.
That was fun. Incidentally, it's not much of a jump from here to show that the series of prime reciprocals diverges. I mentioned it in a post a while ago.
Let's switch gears for a little bit. I'm going to define a function J(x) on the positive reals. If you're following Edwards' book with me (as I jump all over the place), this will be almost exactly his J(x), differing only at the integers (for today anyway :)). Let me start by setting J(0)=0. The function J(x) will be a step function, which I'll define to mean piecewise linear with slope 0 on each piece. So to define J(x) I only need to tell you when to jump, and by how much. The rule is: when you get to an integer n, if n=p^k for some prime p, then you jump up by 1/k. So at 2,3,5,7,11,\ldots you jump by 1, at 4,9,25,49,\ldots you jump by 1/2, at 8, 27, \ldots you jump by 1/3, etc. Here's a little picture of J(x), with a few values highlighted:
Slightly more precisely, we can write
Now, let me see if I can convince you that there is some justification in writing
\displaystyle \ln \zeta(s)=s\int_0^{\infty} J(x)x^{-s-1}\ dx.
Let's work with the right-hand side. Since J(x)=0 near x=0, I'll actually start my integral at x=1. I think the way to go about it is as follows:
\begin{array}{rcl} \displaystyle s\int_1^{\infty}J(x)x^{-s-1}\ dx &=& \displaystyle s\sum_{m=1}^{\infty}\int_m^{m+1}J(x)x^{-s-1}\ dx \\ {} & = & \displaystyle \sum_{m=1}^{\infty}J(m)\left(\frac{1}{m^s}-\frac{1}{(m+1)^s}\right).\end{array}
Now suppose that J(m)=J(m+1) for some m. Then the terms corresponding to m and m+1 telescope as follows:
\begin{array}{c} \displaystyle J(m)\left(\frac{1}{m^s}-\frac{1}{(m+1)^s}\right)+J(m+1)\left(\frac{1}{(m+1)^s}-\frac{1}{(m+2)^s}\right)\\ =\displaystyle J(m)\left(\frac{1}{m^s}-\frac{1}{(m+2)^s}\right)\end{array}.
If, also, J(m)=J(m+2), this we can telescope another term into this one, and so on. So, really, the important m in this sum are those where J(x) jumps, which are the prime powers. Let m_i=p_i^{n_i} be the i-th prime power (i.e., the point where J(x) makes its i-th jump), starting with m_1=2. Then we can write
\begin{array}{rcl} \displaystyle s\int_0^{\infty}J(x)x^{-s-1}\ dx & = & \displaystyle \sum_i J(m_i)\left(\frac{1}{m_i^s}-\frac{1}{m_{i+1}^s}\right) \\ & = & \displaystyle \frac{1}{2}J(2)+\sum_{i=2}^{\infty} -J(m_{i-1})\frac{1}{m_i^s}+J(m_i)\frac{1}{m_i^s} \\ & = & \displaystyle \frac{1}{2}+\sum_{i=2}^{\infty} \frac{1}{m_i^s}\left(J(m_i)-J(m_{i-1})\right) \\ & = & \displaystyle \frac{1}{2}+\sum_{i=2}^{\infty} \frac{1}{m_i^s}\cdot \frac{1}{n_i} \\ & = & \displaystyle \sum_{p}\sum_n \frac{1}{n}p^{-ns} \\ & = & \ln \zeta(s).\end{array}
What good is writing \ln \zeta(s) this way? I guess if you know something about Fourier inversion (which I don't) then you get to say that
for a=\text{Re}(s)>1. What good is that? I think I'll have to read some more and tell you about it tomorrow, but it'll turn out to be useful once we have yet another description of \ln \zeta(s), in terms of the 0s of \zeta(s) (finally getting to those 0s everybody cares so much


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Build a Wren and Chickadee Box
NOTICE: Please read all directions before beginning any new woodworking project!
The 1 1/8-inch hole size is adapted to the needs of house, Bewick and Carolina wrens and chickadees. If you only want to attract house wrens, the hole can be reduced to 7/8 inch (the diameter of a quarter). The 3 1/2 x 4-inch interior dimensions are minimal, and some people prefer a 4 x 4-inch interior size.
For wrens, mount the house 6 to 8 feet high; for chickadees, it can be slightly higher, up to ten feet. If the box is nailed to a tree, use aluminum nails and leave the heads protruding 1/4 to 1/2 inch to allow for tree growth. Clean the box after each nesting. Several of these houses may be erected in a yard. Space them 20 to 50 feet apart. Wrens build two or more nests per year, but they rarely use the same box twice in a season, preferring to nest in a different box. Male wrens also sometimes attract two females into their territory. The males may put twigs in all the houses, but the females pick the box for nesting. Also, there is competition between chickadees and wrens. Chickadees nest first, and the late-arriving wrens may attempt to destroy their nests. Several houses, well spaced, help provide enough room for both species.
Wrens arrive about April 10-20, after wintering in the southern United States. Clutch size usually is six to eight eggs. Incubation is about 15 days, and age to first flight is another 15 days. Two or more broods per year are normal.
Chickadees are year-round residents of Missouri, and we have both the black-capped and Carolina chickadees. Nesting begins in late March and early April. One clutch of five to eight eggs is common. Incubation is from 11 to 13 days, and first flight is made 14 to 18 days after hatching. Chickadees prefer wooded areas.
Paper wasps or ants may be a problem. Inspect and clean vacant boxes.


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Measurement of the transition form factor in ϕ → ηe+e − and ϕ → π0e+e− decays at KLOE
Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati - INFN -
a e-mail: _EMAIL_
Published online: 26 November 2014
In this work we present a study of the Dalitz decay ϕ → ηe+e−, with η → π0π0π0, performed using 1.7 fb−1 of e+e− collisions collected at KLOE in the 2004-2005 data taking period. The resulting branching fraction is: BR(ϕ → ηe+e−) = (1.075 ± 0.007(stat.) ± 0.038(norm.)) × 10−4. We have also studied the invariant mass of the dilepton system, extracting the slope of the transition form factor: b ϕη =(1.17 ± 0.10 −0.11+0.07) GeV−2. The ϕ → π0e+e− rare decay is also being studied using the same data sample. The branching ratio will be measured, with a consistent reduction of the actual total uncertainty. The double off shell π0 Transition Form Factor will also be measured for the first time in the time-like region, with the momentum transfer given by the e+e− invariant mass.
© Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2014
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


AIR Annual Forum
May 29-31, 2018
Center of Inquiry staff did several presentations at the 2018 Annual Forum of the Association of Institutional Research (AIR). Below you will find titles and abstracts of their presentations.
Balancing Survey Participant Experience with Analysis and Reporting
Poster presentation by Kirsten Skillrud and Macanda Myers
It is difficult identifying or creating a survey that both caters to the participant experience and produces thoughtful, useful results; however, a survey that satisfies both is critical to boosting your response rates and allowing data-driven decisions. To help you identify or create surveys that satisfy these needs, this poster presentation describes the Higher Education Data Sharing (HEDS) Consortium's experiences in seeking this balance in their surveys. The poster highlights examples of questions and response options from HEDS surveys that have either supported user experience over reporting or vice versa and the outcomes of these choices on analysis and reporting. The poster session will also provide questions IR professionals can ask themselves and their colleagues to help determine if a survey is right for their participants and will provide beneficial results.
Collaboratively Creating Campus Surveys
Discussion Group led by Ivaylo Mantchev and Kirsten Skillrud
In our work with the Higher Education Data Sharing Consortium, we have collaboratively created or significantly revised five national surveys in the last few years. In this discussion group, we will briefly discuss the processes we have used in creating and revising surveys with the assistance of many of our consortium colleagues. Then we will open discussion to the group to ask about their experiences with collaboratively developing a survey. What parts of the process worked well? What didn't work? How would they characterize the final product? What would they do differently if they could start the process over? Participants will discuss their experiences with and best practices for collaboratively creating surveys and will leave with concrete tips for most effectively structuring a survey process with others on their own campus or in other groups.
Developing a Procedure to Effectively Check Data for Errors
Preconference workshop by Adrea Hernandez and Kirsten Skillrud
IR professionals work on countless data sets and numerous reports, and they must do so while ensuring the quality of these data because inaccuracies can lead to fines, poor data-driven decisions, and even embarrassing public blunders. Naturally, having data-quality procedures in place and using effective techniques to check these data are critical. The presenters aim to demonstrate how to devise a procedure with multiple techniques that make use of Excel formulas and features in order to ensure quality, error-free data sets and reports. The presenters will also demonstrate formulas and features to use in Excel to check for suspicious data and discuss when to use the techniques and why it is helpful to use them. Participants in this workshop will develop procedures that they can implement at their institutions to ensure that they are reporting error-free data. Participants will also be able to execute various techniques in Excel in order to highlight suspicious data in their own analyses.
Graduation to One Year Out: What Changes Along the Way?
Presentation by Adrea Hernandez, Ivaylo Mantchev, and Kirsten Skillrud
Institutions use senior, first destination, and alumni surveys as mechanisms to measure graduate outcomes, with each type of survey providing a snapshot of the respondent's trajectory after completing college. These various checkpoints allow IR offices to report on the growth and development that graduates attribute to their college experiences, as well as the post-graduate activities of alumni, in terms of employment, advanced degrees, income, and debt. Drawing on results from over 100 institutions and dozens of alumni cohorts, this presentation provides an analysis of how responses to identical or similar questions differ between seniors at graduation and alumni three, six, and 12 months after graduation on multiple levels: longitudinally by cohort, as well as across survey type overall and by institution.
Networking and Collaborating for One-Person IR Shops
Discussion Group led by Macanda Myers and Adrea Hernandez
At small colleges and universities, many institutional researchers are a "one-person shop." They are responsible for every role associated with IR: collecting, organizing, analyzing, and presenting to others. So often, others on their campus turn to them as the keeper of institutional knowledge and the person with all of the answers, but they also need someone to turn to when they have questions. One-person shops depend on collaboration both on and off their campuses. In this discussion group, we will discuss strategies for building relationships with other departments that can support efforts to collect data, administer surveys, and report results. Additionally, participants are encouraged to share networking and Forum resources they turn to when an issue unique to their type of campus or type of work arises.


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Simple Teddy bread cooking recipes that you can practice yourself at home, make the family happy with the recipe of the Teddy bread cuisine.
This childrens party staple is not just for fairies! Kids can use a bear-shaped pastry cutter to help make brown bready teddies.
The ingredient of Teddy bread
- 16 thick slices wholemeal bread, crusts removed
- 125g chocolate hazelnut move ahead
- 190g (3/4 cup) chocolate sprinkles
The instruction how to make Teddy bread
- progress the bread slices evenly similar to the chocolate hazelnut spread. Use a 9cm-long teddy bear-shaped pastry cutter to cut shapes from the bread slices. (Use a small heart or flower-shaped cutter to cut shapes from the unshakable bread, if desired.)
- build up the chocolate sprinkles over a plate. Press 1 bread shape, chocolate-side down, into the chocolate sprinkles to coat. Gently shake off any excess. Transfer to a plate. Repeat gone the remaining bread shapes and chocolate sprinkles. Serve.
Nutritions of Teddy breadcalories: 151.765 calories
fatContent: 6 grams fat
saturatedFatContent: 3 grams saturated fat
carbohydrateContent: 21 grams carbohydrates
proteinContent: 3 grams protein


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How to run downhill (safely...and fast)
running downhill
Running downhill should feel relaxed and flowing (Image credit: Getty Images)
We have all seen the top runners seemingly plummet effortlessly from the top of a mountain or hill to the base in no time at all. But how do they achieve such speed and look so relaxed?
When most people try to run downhill it feel slows, laborious, painful, and fraught with danger of tripping or slipping. But if you take part in races with hills and mountains, or you simply want to become more efficient when out for a long off-road run, learning to run fast downhill will be a big benefit.
The easier you can run downhill, the less taxing you will find the overall outing. Here are our expert tips to help you to be able to run more efficiently and smoothly downhill.
How to run faster downhill
Running downhill is good for you
It might feel like downhill running is painful and bad for your knees (see: Trail running injuries), but if you do it properly it can have benefits. Running down a slope should activate and engage stabilising muscles in and around the knee, which in turn will help to strengthen them. Stronger knees means more powerful running.
As well as physical advantages, there is a huge sense of freedom and joy that comes with being able to run more easily downhill and at speed.
Lean forwards
Your natural instinct when running downhill is to lean back because you usually feel the need to slow down and put on a bit of a brake. However, leaning forwards is the best method for more efficient running downhill and it means you will not overly tire muscles.
Try to think hard about relaxing and learning forwards as you go. A good tip is to aim to align your shoulders in front of you with your knees and you run downhill.
Stride out
It can be tempting to shorten your stride when running downhill but longer strides are what the top athletes do. You will cover more ground more quickly and it's easier to lean forward when taking longer steps.
Legs should be bent and you should try to push yourself forwards, leading with your chest, with each step, rather than letting gravity alone pull you down the hill.
More technical and steeper slopes will require a shorter, more accurate step to avoid injury so keep the long strides for the gentler gradients. Also watch how the experts take side steps, too, to maintain momentum and balance.
Land on your midfoot
The best runners head downhill with almost flat feet. It's not a good idea to hit the ground with your forefoot or your heel. Hitting the middle of the fort gives the greatest balance and bounce and the best control.
run downhill
Runners benefit fom learning how to run downhill faster and more efficiently (Image credit: Getty Images )
More tips for running downhill on trails
Use your arms
To maintain balance and to aid the forward motion, use your arms like mini windmills by your side. The aim is to do small, rounded movements with your hands and arms.
Look ahead
It is tempting to look at your feet the whole time, but you should be looking ahead and at least 10 metres/30 feet in front of you. If you do this your brain will be able to more easily assess what is coming on the trail or the hillside.
If you look down close to your feet you will be more likely to slough and this is not good for downhill speed. Look up and ahead.
Empty your mind
It's fear and anxiety that will slow you down on descents. Trust your body's capabilities and your instincts and simply let your worries go.
The right footwear
Running downhlll, especially on tracks, trails and hill paths requires the right trail running footwear. For more on this, check out our best mud running shoes and best trail running shoes, and our guide on how to choose trail running shoes
With practice, the fine art of running downhill at speed should come to you.
Fiona Russell


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- The Camera has to be connected and adjusted in advance.
- Ensure data transfer between PC workstation and LCS works proper (Test data transfer with tool 'amcap.exe' in subfolder 'Tools' of the program folder at your individual eurolaser customer CD).
- This procedure requires 3 – 6 pcs. of white card board / paper 140 up to 200g/sheet.
Laser in action! This procedure requires trained personnel for operating the Laser Cutting System (LCS). This short instruction assumes basic user knowledge about the eurolaser LCS (G3/S3 systems) and its user software LaserScout POSITION (or OS Production resp. OS Production & Design).
Fast moving axis possible! Keep safety distance and watch your hands!
Follow the instructions given in order to the numbers:
1. Start the system in normal operational mode.
2. Initialize the Z-axis onto the material support. After OK, lift the nozzle approx. +2 mm up.ESC 1-1-1-2-1 OK
3. Place the sheet (A4 print of test pattern) "Camera Offset_GBR.pdf" (subfolder: "Test jobs\Camera-Offset") at any position of the table (e.g. close to the 0/0-Position of the system)
4. Define a reference position at the lower right corner of the paper: ESC-[F8]-3. Switch vacuum ON and fix the sheet of paper additional with some tape at two points. It should not move at all!
5. Switch the system to 'ONLINE'.
6. Start user software and open file 'Camera Offset_GER.job' (\Test jobs\Camera-Offset of the OS-Program folder).
7. Choose for the layer 'Cutting contours' (green) those parameter setup defined for '200 g. Paper Cut'. Define the layer 'Information' invisible by clicking the eye (crossed). Registermarks (Reg.-Marks) are displayed in red.
8. Click Register: 'Settings / Standard Settings / Register Jog Marks', and set as type Video Marks.Set the size = 6 mm.
9. Open the output device window.
10. Set Number of copies = 1 and Production mode = manually. Click on 'preview'
11. Edit 'Mark settings' and define the Reg.-Marks for the test pattern:
Mark settings / Mark recognition / Normal / OK
Mark settings / Mark type / Circle / OK
12. The preview window pops up and shows the camera live-view. Click-right for open the sub-windows and click 'Default settings/ Mark Recognition'.
13. Move the Camera by using the cursor keys at your PC-keyboard to the first Reg.-Mark closest to the REF point
- A red circle at the video screen indicates, the Reg.-Mark is inside the search radius of the camera.
- A green circle at the video screen indicates, the REG-Mark is already identified. If it does not automatically switch to green click on 'Move to Mark' until it turns to a green circle.
- If the circle still remains red marked, click on the 'Measure' button. Now the Reg.-Mark has been scanned and the 'Mark size' value displayed will be adapted. At the spell State the values in Pixel are shown e.g. D(act) 54,8 PixRes.
- Save those values with a click on the 'Save' button.The window will close now.
14. At the preview window (camera live-view): Click-right for open the sub-windows and click 'Default settings / Set Camera Offset'.
15. Move the axis with the camera by your PC-cursor keys down to the bigger black test circle on the paper and stop approx. in the centre. Click on 'Cut mark' The laser will cut a circle into the paper now.
16. Put a white sheet of paper underneath the test cut circle to increase the contrast.
Caution: The test-pattern paper should not move anyway on the table!
17. Touch any cursor key at the PC shortly. The camera returns now back to the test cut circle. If required control the camera by pressing the cursor keys to a closer area so the identification is confirmed by the green circle. Click on 'Measure'.
- The camera software measures now automatically the difference in X- and Y-axis direction. This defines the new OFFSET values in the window 'Camera Offset'.
- If the measurement is constant about 5 seconds, the measurement procedure is completed.
18. Click 'Save' under 'Camera Offset' to complete the procedure.
19. The Offset assignment is verifiable by activating the Test-Pattern (print on the Paper). Switch the system to 'ONLINE'.
20. Move the axis with the camera (red square in the right window) by your PC-cursor keys down to the closest Reg.-Mark next to the temporary Ref.-Position until the identification is confirmed by the green circle.
- Click on the recognition mark symbol to start the recognition sequence for all Reg.-Marks.
- Those Reg.-Marks signed green are identified by the camera.
21. All identified Reg.-Marks (min. 2 pcs. per each contour, better 3 pcs.) are now signed green andchecked with a checkmark.
Click on 'Run' to accept the Reg.-Marks and start the contours cut out.
If too many Reg.-Marks are not clearly identified, check the following issues:
- shows the area illumination enough brightness and light is diffuse?
- how is the contrast of the test-pattern (quality of print)?
- check the fixing of the paper / card-board. Is the paper / card-board positioned nearly parallel to the axis?
- repeat procedure from no. 17.
22. The preview-window opens. Check the position on the screen and compare with the paper positioned at the table. Note: X-axis on the screen is horizontal!
23. Click on the output icon to start the cutting sequence.
24. After cutting is completed, switch system to 'OFFLINE' mode and move the bar (Y-axis) in a rear position (approx. +500 mm), so you can evaluate the results.
25. If the new offset values are correct, the contour-cuts are centered according the printed frames. Each contour shall show the same thickness of frames to each direction.
26. If the contours are not centered (not placed exactly in the middle position the offset values may need some corrections. Click-right on the preview-screen and open the popup window. Click 'Default setting' / 'Set Camera offset' and make the necessary corrections under 'Camera Offset' X-Y according the X-and Y-arrows on the Test-Pattern print.
- Typically the correction may need some 1/10 [mm] only. Mind the algebraic sign!
- Click 'Save' to confirm the input.
- Place a new Test-Pattern print on the table – same position.
- Repeat the procedure from no.16. until the result is good enough for the next laser application.
Note: In case of lost position proceed as follows:
- Stop and close the Plot-Manager (icon right/lower PC monitor frame)
- Clear the REF-Point at the system's user panel [F8] - 2 and define a new REF-Point [F8] - 3 move manually to the position, than confirm message. Click 'OK'.
- Clear the system buffer memory, 'ECS 2-4-1' / 'OK'
Note: Check the Reg.-Mark identification frequently before starting any high quality jobs. Especially after moduleor lens-system exchange the test procedure for "Checking the camera offset" should be performed.