text:
Ever since Pong's release in the 1970s, decades of gamers have been barraged with stereotyped messages like video games will make you fat, rot your brain, and will lead you to do nothing with your life. The great news about these stereotypes is that they are scientifically untrue. If Pong is a parent to traditional consoles and PC gaming, then VR is the grandchild. A world without them means that virtual worlds and their unique physical and mental health benefits would never exist.
VR for the Body
Stereotype #1: Video Games Will Make You Fat
In VR Fitness Insider's article "VR is Officially Exercise: A Personal Trainer's Take on the Tech and its Workout" Raphael Konforti explained how an Australian study linked playing VR games to physical exercise. Sure, sedentary VR games where you'll be sitting in a chair and pointing your controller for movement and as a weapon during gameplay do exist. But much like a two-sided coin, there are also VR games that require you to stand up and get your whole body moving.
With standalone headsets in development, VR manufacturers are improving how their external and internal sensors process your head and body positioning. These advancements in tracking during gameplay and exercise really helps to motivate users to push themselves physically. Meaning, there's no cheating in VR.
You may get your trainer to take it easy on you, but you can't fake it with a computer and an algorithm, it's cut and dry. You either complete those deep squats and lunges fully in order to pass onto the next corner, objective, and skill tier, or you stay where you are. Staying static isn't fun and exciting, so naturally, people keep moving to play the game, get steps in, burn calories, and lose track of time.
VR Games to Challenge Your Body
- Knockout League
- Redfoot Bluefoot Dancing for Vive Trackers
- VR Fitness
- Vision Therapy VR
VR for the Mind
Stereotype #2: Video Games Will Rot Your Brain
It's easy to see how parents would contribute their child's shrinking social circle, growing waistline, or lack of energy to sitting in front of a television screen for hours after school. Yet, this assumption isn't entirely accurate. A 2009 Nielsen report indicated that children spend up to 24 hours a week, and teens spend up to 22 hours a week watching TV, with an extra hour to two playing sedentary video games. It may seem like they've found a cause to children's health concerns — TV and video games. Yet, mental and physical health professionals argue the opposite.
Peter Gray, a research professor at Boston College, wrote an article "Cognitive Benefits of Playing Video Games", indicating the ways that playing video games actually improves brain function. Gray explained that research has proved that video games can improve "basic mental processes — such as perception, attention, memory, and decision-making." This throws out the dusty idea that video games will somehow impair your thoughts or dumb you down.
The Boston College researcher expressed that playing action games, where you need to "move rapidly, keep track of many items at once, hold a good deal of information in their mind at once, and make split-second decisions" are actually a sign of "the basic building blocks of intelligence." VR games are known to involve and activate a player's entire body along as they use one or two controllers, to move around and interact with objects inside a virtual world. This body awareness and rapid mental processing of actions taken in VR games won't likely get you into MENSA for being a genius, but you'll feel like one after you play a round or two.
Like any hobby that's turned into exercise (or vice versa), using VR isn't isolated to shooting, sword fighting, dancing, or adventure games. There are also games that are good for your brain's overall health as well. Help yourself, a friend, or a family member improve their memory, promote flexible thinking, and help reduce anxiety and stress with VR games. Heidi Godman, the executive editor for Harvard Health Blog, says that getting daily exercise keeps brain cells and blood vessels healthy and regenerative. She notes that both aerobic exercise and muscle training will reduce stress and anxiety due to the release of brain-friendly and memory-boosting chemicals.
VR advancements expand so quickly that there are even doctors who are helping paralyzed patients develop muscle control in their limbs with long-term use. There's also a brain-controlled and hands-free VR game called Neurable that has patients, neurologists, doctors, and the public on the edge of their seats. Using the allure of virtual worlds as a viable mental and physical activity has done so much for so many, that the military uses VR and therapy together as a way for soldiers suffering from PTSD to get some mental peace.
PTSD and other mental health issues affect 30% of soldiers within the first 3 to 4 months after they've returned home. Those who serve in the military deserve the best treatment because they fought to protect our lives at the risk of their own. Doctors like James Lake, a physician and author of the article "Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for PTSD in the Military" highlight the benefits of therapists using virtual reality with a combination of exposure therapy, yoga, being mindful, and EEG biofeedback as a way to relieve PTSD in soldiers. Lake explained that therapist-guided VR graded exposure therapy (VRGET) studies showed that "multisensory exposure and VRGET reported significant reductions in severity of PTSD symptoms in active duty combatants who had failed to respond to other forms of exposure therapy."
Virtual Games to Challenge Your Brain
- Skill Master VR
- VR Meditation SkyRun
- Guided Meditation VR
- Puzzle Island VR
- Hurl VR
- The Puzzle Room VR (Escape The Room)
- Brain Training Game – Cerevrum
Mind and Body Possibilities
Stereotype #3: Playing Video Games Will Lead You To Do Nothing With Your Life
Clearly, none of the innovative designers, developers, doctors, scientists, and therapists using VR ever listened to those 3 unfair stereotypes. There is no doubt that VR platforms and games will help millions of people all over the world find a gamified physical activity they can turn to when they've had a rough day or simply want to have fun exercising. VR is an always evolving technology, finding applications in health care, mental health, and in our very own government. Now it's time to apply it to our own lives and brains, one VR game at a time.


American Woodcock Bird Call iPhone Ringtone
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Also known as a "Timberdoodle", this superbly camouflaged snipe-like bird has a football-shaped body, small head, and a very long beak. Unlike other shorebirds, Woodcocks feed in young forests where their camouflage coloring makes them difficult to see hidden in the leaf litter. They take slow steps, using their long, flexible beaks to probe the soil for their favorite food, earthworms. Their eyes are positioned on the sides of their head, but very far back and up high, making it possible for them to feed with their heads down while keeping watch for predators above. Woodcocks are known for their special buzzy "peent" sound, which the males make when they are doing aerial displays for females. For such bulky, quiet, and unassuming birds, their mating displays at dusk and dawn are something special to see, and the easiest way to see them.


text:
- of or resembling a tooth; toothlike.
Origin of odontoid
Examples from the Web for odontoid
Historical Examples of odontoid
The first vertebra has nothing of the nature of an odontoid process.The Vertebrate Skeleton
Sidney H. Reynolds
The odontoid process of the axis is still more concave than in Poebrotherium, but not spout-like as in existing forms.
The odontoid process of the axis vertebra is somewhat cheese-taster shaped, as in recent Artiodactyles.
Odontoid process of second vertebra semi-cylindrical; skull with a sagittal crest; and the condyle of the lower jaw rounded.
Change of form of the odontoid process of the second or axis vertebrae from a cone to a hollow half-cylinder.
- of or relating to the odontoid process
- Shaped like a tooth.
- Of or relating to the odontoid process.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


0
I have the following setup in a GUI library I'm making (for fun). Ignore the colors and positions being integers, it's just to serve the purpose of illustration.
// Example program
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
class Rect
{
public:
 virtual void Draw(const int position) const = 0;
};
class ColorRect : public Rect
{
public:
 virtual void Draw(const int position) const override
 {
 /* does a draw */
 }
 int color;
};
class TextureRect : public Rect
{
public:
 virtual void Draw(const int position) const override
 {
 /* does a draw textured */
 }
 int texture;
};
class Widget
{
public:
 Rect* background;
 int position;
 virtual void Draw() const
 {
 background->Draw(position);
 }
 virtual void Update()
 {
 /* might do stuff */
 }
};
class Button : public Widget
{
public:
 virtual void Draw() const override
 {
 Widget::Draw();
 border->Draw(position);
 }
 Rect* border;
};
int main()
{
 ColorRect redRect;
 redRect.color = 1;
 ColorRect blueRect;
 blueRect.color = 2;
 TextureRect textRect;
 textRect.texture = 1;
 Button b1;
 b1.border = &blueRect;
 b1.background = &redRect;
 b1.position = 1;
 Button b2;
 b2.border = &blueRect;
 b2.background = &textRect;
 b2.position = 2
 while(true)
 {
 b1.Update();
 b2.Update();
 b1.Draw();
 b2.Draw();
 }
}
I think it should be obvious that the Rect class is a Flyweight that is used by multiple different objects at the same time.
What I want to do now, for example, is have b1 animate it's border Rect. This animation should not affect the other Widget*s that use the same Rect*, i.e their animation needs to be paused, started and have a different "current frame". I'm hesitant to create an "Animated Rect" class or something, because then the only way to handle separate animation is for that class to hold a map of pointers to Widgets that are using it or something.
In addition; I would also want to animate, for example, the position. Which means ideally the interface that you use to animate positions (which are specific to the object), is the same as the one used to animate the texture or color (which is shared amongst objects currently).
Whatever it is that would hold the Animation state would need to hold a few things like frame_rate and probably time_since_updated or something.
I just can't work out where to put it, or what to reorganise to fit in.
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Aspect Source Flags (ASFs)
GKS allows for two methods of specifying attributes for output primitives. One way, which is the way that has been discussed exclusively in this guide, is to specify the attributes individually. Using this method, if you want to change the width of a polyline, then you would call GSLWSC to specify the desired width, and this setting would be in effect until GSLWSC was called again.
The other method of specifying attributes for output primitives is called "bundled". Using this method, the attributes are contained in "bundle tables". These tables contain settings for all of the attributes associated with a given output primitive. For example, there can be one or more bundle tables for polylines each of which contains settings for linetype, linewidth scale factor, and polyline color index. Using the bundled attribute setting scheme you set a value for the number of the bundle table that should be used to find the desired setting for the attributes.
Clearly the individual attribute setting scheme and the bundled attribute setting scheme cannot both be in effect simultaneously. GKS supplies a means by which you can specify whether a given attribute should come from its individual setting, or from a bundle table. Associated with each output primitive attribute is an "aspect source flag." The legal values for these flags are "1" for "individual" and "0" for "bundled." Each time GKS draws an output primitive, it first looks at the setting of the aspect source flag for the appropriate attributes, and then either uses the individual setting if the aspect source flag value is "1" or the setting from a specified bundle table if the setting is "0".
All default settings for output primitive attribute aspect source flags are "individual" in NCAR GKS. In higher levels of GKS it is possible for you to define your own bundle tables and select them, but at level 0A, this is not allowed. As implemented, using bundle tables in NCAR GKS is of no value and trying to use them is not advised. The only reason that aspect source flags are discussed here is because the default environment in some GKS packages is "bundled" rather than "individual." In the case that you run NCAR Graphics on top of a non-NCAR GKS package, you will want to check on the default setting for aspect source flags, and if it is "bundled", then you should initialize all the flags to "individual" by using the subroutine GSASF described below. If you do not have access to the necessary GKS documentation, then you can use the subroutine GQASF, described below, to determine the values of the aspect source flags and then, if they are bundled, set them to individual by calling GSASF.
Set Aspect Source Flags
--------------------------------------------------
 Argument | Type | Mode | Dimension
--------------------------------------------------
CALL GSASF (LASF) | Integer | Input | 13
--------------------------------------------------
LASF
List of aspect source flags. A value of 0 means bundled and a value of 1 means individual. The ordering of the flags in LASF is:
1 - linetype ASF
2 - linewidth scale factor ASF
3 - polyline color index ASF
4 - marker type ASF
5 - marker size scale factor ASF
6 - polymarker color index ASF
7 - text font and precision ASF
8 - character expansion factor ASF
9 - character spacing ASF
10 - text color index ASF
11 - fill area interior style ASF
12 - fill area style index ASF
13 - fill area color index ASF
Defaults:
In NCAR GKS all values of LASF are initialized to 1. Other GKS packages may initialize these values to 0.
Errors:
8
-------------------------------------------------------------------
C Synopsis
#include <ncarg/gks.h>
void gset_asfs(
 const Gasfs *list_asf /* list of asfs */
);
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Inquire Aspect Source Flags
---------------------------------------------------
 Argument | Type | Mode | Dimension
---------------------------------------------------
CALL GQASF (ERRIND, | Integer | Output |
 LASF) | Integer | Output | 13
---------------------------------------------------
ERRIND
Error flag. Gives an integer error number from the errors list in in Appendix D, or a 0 if no error occurred.
LASF
List of aspect source flags. A value of 0 means bundled and a value of 1 means individual. The ordering of the flags in LASF is:
1 - linetype ASF
2 - linewidth scale factor ASF
3 - polyline color index ASF
4 - marker type ASF
5 - marker size scale factor ASF
6 - polymarker color index ASF
7 - text font and precision ASF
8 - character expansion factor ASF
9 - character spacing ASF
10 - text color index ASF
11 - fill area interior style ASF
12 - fill area style index ASF
13 - fill area color index ASF
Defaults:
In NCAR GKS all values of LASF are initialized to 1. Other GKS packages may initialize these values to 0.
Errors:
8
--------------------------------------------------------------------
C Synopsis
#include <ncarg/gks.h>
void ginq_asfs(
 Gint *err_ind, /* error indicator */
 Gasfs *list_asf /* aspect source flags */
);
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Links: GKS Index, GKS Home


text:
Integrating Selected Web 2.0 Tools into the High School Curriculum to Enhance Student Engagement and Promote Learning Among the Millennial Generation
MetadataShow full item record
This annotated bibliography explores the unique learning style of the Millennial generation and examines how Web 2.0 tools can be used by high school teachers to enhance student engagement. The bibliography is based on literature published from 1996 to 2012. Conclusions describe examples of using video sharing websites and social networking technologies in the classroom as well as some of the challenges that an educator might face when incorporating these tools into the curriculum.


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As a Driven Leaf Quiz | Eight Week Quiz C
Milton Steinberg
Purchase our As a Driven Leaf Lesson Plans
Eight Week Quiz C
Name: _____________________________ Period: ___________________________
This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Part One, Chapters XX-XVII.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Where are Elisha and Deborah to stay when at the feast?
(a) Akiba's house.
(b) Rabbi Peter's home.
(c) Their own estate.
(d) Uncle Amram's estate.
2. Who does Elisha find out he has been betrothed to?
(a) Deborah.
(b) Theo.
(c) Zoma.
(d) Shraga.
3. Why does Deborah encourage Elisha to curry the Shraga's favor?
(a) She is concerned the Shraga wants to take Elisha away from her.
(b) She is concerned the Shraga might prevent his ordination.
(c) She wants Elisha to become Shraga's disciple.
(d) She wants the Shraga to give Elisha more servants.
4. Where does the plague strike?
(a) Antioch.
(b) Usher.
(c) Palestine.
(d) Jerusalem.
5. Who does Elisha try to find in the pagan part of Caeserea?
(a) A magician.
(b) A bookseller.
(c) His old tutor.
(d) A carpenter.
Short Answer Questions
1. What does Elisha discuss with Justin, the leader of the Gentile Christians?
2. What do the workers, numbering over 500, want to do after the command to leave?
3. What is Deborah bothered by when around Meir and his wife?
4. Why is Abuyah considered something of a heretic among others in this society?
5. What does Elisha think about his new wife after the week-long festival?
(see the answer key)
This section contains 277 words
(approx. 1 page at 300 words per page)
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As a Driven Leaf from BookRags. ©2009 BookRags, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Child Dependency
General Statute 7B-101 (9) defines a dependent child as and juvenile needing assistance or placement because the child has no parent, guardian, or custodian responsible for his or her care or supervision, or the child's parent, guardian, or custodian is not able to provide for the child's care or supervision due to physical or mental incapacity and the absence of an appropriate alternative child-care arrangement.


text:
Last year (2015) two interesting studies have been published, investigating the question if the olfactory ability of dogs is influenced by medication or other kinds of substances.
This question of is not of a purely academic nature. We all know those situations at gas stations, where gasoline vapors affect our own sense of smell. It is known that in humans a large number of substances can cause the total or partial loss of sensoric ability to detect scent (Hyposmie). Among others antihistamines, antidepressants, or ACE inhibitors, the inhalation of chlorine or benzene, or long-term contact with wooden or metal dust or smoke are known to induce this dysfunction. Lack of zinc can also be a reason; an important information which will be an interesting aspect further down in this article. (Wikipedia: Hyposmie)
In case substances really negatively affect the sense of smell of detection dogs, this would be an important factor in the use of drug, bomb or other kinds of detection dogs.
Standard medication metronidazole can have an influence on the olfactory ability
Certain diseases may also affect the olfactory ability – temporarily or irreversibly. The influence of drugs is another aspect, which might not immediately be apparent. Metronidazole and doxycycline are two widely-used antibiotics. End of 2015 the American Journal of Veterinary Research published the results of a study that examined the influence of these medications on the performance of explosives detection dogs. („Effects of oral administration of metronidazole and doxycycline on olfactory capabilities of explosives detection dogs„, American Journal of Veterinary Research, August 2016, vol. 77, pages 906-912, doi: 10.2460/ajvr.77.8.906)
Over a period of 10 days, one of these antibiotics was administered to 18 healthy explosives detection dogs, while their performance in the detection of standard explosives was examined in a standard test on the „Scentwheel" on days 0, 5 and 10.
Under the influence of a normal dose of metronidazole, 9 of 18 dogs showed a significantly poorer detection rate for 2 out of 3 explosives. Metronidazole is known, that it has a negative impact on the sense of taste (associated with a specific metallic taste) in humans. It is assumed that metronidazole caused a reduced ability to smell and to detect odors (Hyposmie) in dogs, which is reversible.
No negative effects associated with doxycycline
In the same study no significant effect was found on the sense of smell in dogs under the influence of doxycycline. The authors expressly point out, that only labradors took part in their study. But it is assumed that no effect in the results would be identified if other breeds would have participated in the trial.
In summary this is an interesting study result with practical relevance for dog handlers with search and detection dogs: handlers shall avoid metronidazole if even a temporary degradation of the sense of smell is not acceptable. Doxycycline unfortunately is not an appropriate alternative medication. Both substances are used in different indications. In any case: it shall always be considered to take sick dogs out of service until full recovery.
In a second part of this article we will examine, how the sense of smell of dogs can be increase through special substances.


Planning a Short-term Healthcare Mission Project
Often nurses are asked to organize a healthcare outreach as part of a short-term mission trip. If done well, these outreaches can provide meaningful opportunities to model how Jesus cares for the whole person. However, lack of proper planning and relationships with the host community has the potential for creating setbacks at best -- or doing harm at worst.
We will focus on planning the healthcare aspect of a mission project. If you are being asked to organize an entire short term project, there a many websites, books and resources that can assist you in the planning, travel, orientation and debriefing programs. Likewise there are many short-term mission organizations that are doing healthcare. NCF has chosen to partner with Global Health Outreach, the short-term mission arm of Christian Medical & Dental Associations.
Here are some important specific questions to ask when planning a healthcare missions program.
What is the motivation for including healthcare as a part of this missions program?
Motivations for doing healthcare missions programming are many and vary from trip to trip. Sometimes there is an overwhelming health need presented that can easily be addressed by a healthcare professional on a short-term program. Other times a healthcare outreach supplements an indigenous church's effort to reach the people in their community. It is also true that a motivating factor for healthcare professionals is a need and desire to help those who are less fortunate. This is part of who we are and our spiritual gift of caring.
For clues on motivation, look at whose idea it was to include healthcare as part of the missions program. Did the idea originate because there were healthcare professionals on the team who wanted to do healthcare? Did the partner in the host country request a healthcare program? How will healthcare contribute to the long-term impact of the mission in the community?
Spending time examining motivation prior to going on a mission trip is always instructive for a person's own spiritual journey. Do you have an invitation from a host partner with a specific goal that can be better achieved with participation from a nurse? Do you have confirmation through prayer and Bible study that God is leading in the cross-cultural experience? A confluence of both is a good indication that the motivation for participating in a healthcare missions experience will lead to spiritual growth for the participant as well as serving the host community.
What healthcare needs are present in the community that is to be served?
Before going on a healthcare mission trip, it is good to know what type of healthcare programming is needed. It is also important to recognize that there are limitations to what a team of healthcare professionals can do on a short-term trip. Caring for people who have long-term healthcare needs requires a plan for follow-up services so that their ongoing healthcare needs are addressed. Many countries in tropical regions present diseases that are not frequently seen in the United States. Nurses should do a little advanced preparation to become familiar with "common" diseases seen in the country where the mission will take place. Management of these conditions varies based on the resources available in country. Learning the management and treatment protocols of the host country will insure that people receive a standard of care that is in concert with the resources available in the country and is honoring to God and the project.
As an alternative to providing curative healthcare services, nurses should consider:
 - Surveying the community for the commonly presented health problems that can be used for healthcare planning. Doing a community assessment with baseline information on disease prevalence is helpful to the community in planning for their healthcare programming.
 - Providing appropriate health education that uses sound non-formal education methodology. Many health problems can be addresses through health education. Non-formal education methodology focuses on having the learner own the message and commit to behavior change.
 - Equipping indigenous healthcare professionals with the knowledge and skills they need to provide excellent healthcare after the team leaves are considered preferable options for a short-term healthcare missions program. Many nurses do not have access to the continuing education programming and welcome the opportunity to learn about current practice. The learning should be mutual. Often national nurses have expertise in areas that nurses in North America do not have.
Who is addressing those needs in the community now? Are there indigenous healthcare professionals with whom you can work? Who will follow up after the project ends?
Your team will only be there for a short time. Short-term teams have limited understanding of the host culture and language ability. People in the target area who have health needs have them met by someone when you are not there. Identifying these local providers and working together with them can be encouraging to local provider, mutually instructive, and provide an endorsement of their care when you leave. They know their community and their community has a level of trust in them. It's wise to build collegial relationships with them to provide quality healthcare for the community.
What are the legal requirements for practicing professionally?
We require healthcare professionals from visiting countries to have proper credentials in order to practice in the United States. herefore we should expect to submit our professional credentials to the host country and meet their standards for practice. It is important to ask the healthcare professionals in the host country about requirements. Pastors, educators, and other missionaries who are not healthcare professionals may not know what the legal requirements are for professional practice. The International Council of Nurses lists the governing nursing boards for each of the member countries. If there is no nurse or healthcare professional in the host country to assist you, you may want to contact their nursing board directly.
What are the legal requirements for importing healthcare supplies and pharmaceuticals?
Basic equipment (stethoscopes, sphygmomanometers, thermometers, etc.) may be in short supply and should be brought with you. More complicated diagnostic and medical equipment that requires electricity needs to be carefully scrutinized for voltage, cycling, and availability of spare parts. The U.S. government may have restrictions on exporting some equipment to certain countries and the host country may impose import duty.
Many countries have an essential drugs list and requirements about packaging, labeling and expiration dates for pharmaceuticals. Often the commonly used drugs are available in the country. Consider purchasing them there to support the local economy and insure a continuous supply when you leave. Be aware that many common drugs may have different names in other countries. When groups bring in large quantities of pharmaceuticals and distribute them for free, that could interfere with the ability of the local pharmacy to stay in business and continue to provide needed medications for the community. WHO has recommended standards for donation of pharmaceuticals and medical equipment.
How do the care recipients understand western medicine?
Every culture has a worldview that explains concepts related to cause of disease, the place of suffering, the spiritual dimension of life, and what happens after death. The Christian worldview provides what we believe to be the God's truth on these issues. People of different cultures may understand these concepts differently. They may try to fit western medicine into their cultural understanding. For example, people who are accustomed to going to a traditional healer who wears special clothing and performs various magical incantations to find out which ancestor is causing their illness may see western healthcare professionals in a similar manner, with their professional dress, diagnostic testing, and prescriptions. A lab coat, stethoscope, and colored pills are viewed similarly to a traditional healer. Also, many cultures do not think either/or but both/and. Hence, they will seek both the traditional healer and western healthcare. Healing is then attributed to both the traditional healer and the western healthcare provider.
What will be the focus of the healthcare mission? Health promotion and prevention of disease? Curative care? Or a combination of prevention and cure?
Jesus cared for people holistically. He cared about their physical well-being as well as their relationship with God. Sometimes he cured a disease and then addressed their sins. Other times he forgave their sins and then healed their bodies. Keeping people well by preventing disease and treating problems early is one way of caring for people holistically. Immunization programs, health education to prevent common illnesses, and screening for health problems are important health programming and can be combined with the gospel message. But when people are sick and suffering, it is also important to address the health problem that is presented in order for the gospel to be heard and received. The purpose of the healthcare mission project may influence the focus of the project. Deciding on the focus of a health program will determine the type of healthcare personnel, equipment, and resources required for the mission.
Will the project include teaching? Who will be taught? What will be taught?
One of the best gifts a healthcare professional can give is the knowledge that they have. Nurses are accustomed to teaching patients and families about health. Nursing in countries with limited resources requires a focus on healthcare education. Language and cultural differences can be limiting factors for effective health education. Working with local nurses who know the culture and language will make healthcare education efforts more effective and can be informative for learning local health practices.
When teaching nursing practice to national nurses, it is important to approach the educational process from a learner stance. Nursing in countries with limited resources is practiced differently by necessity. Asking about what the current practice is -- and why -- can prevent a rush to judgment about the standards of nursing practice. Helping national nurses to think through clinical problems and potential ways of addressing them allows them to critically look at their nursing practice with the benefit of a colleague from North America. It affords opportunities to develop a trust that can become the basis for a relationship with a national nurse and lead to furthering Christian nursing in both the host and sending countries.


text:
Creates a Core Graphics context configured according to the supplied format object.
- iOS 10.0+
- Mac Catalyst 13.0+
- tvOS 10.0+
The format object that was either supplied to or created by the graphics renderer at initialization time.
A Core Graphics context configured to represent the attributes in the format object.
Each time the graphics renderer needs to create a new Core Graphics context, it calls this method, providing the format object supplied at initialization time.
You must override this method when you subclass
UIGraphics. Use the provided
UIGraphics to create and configure a
CGContext object that is used by the renderer in the drawing routines.


Easysoft Data Access
How can I avoid setting shell environment variables required by a driver?
Article:
00809
Last Reviewed:
3rd January 2024
Revision:
2
Some drivers require environment variables setting before you can successfully connect (e.g. DB2 and DB2INSTANCE, Oracle and ORACLE_HOME). If you are using the unixODBC Driver Manager you can set environment variables per DSN in the odbc.ini file using the following syntax:
DMEnvAttr = SQL_ATTR_UNIXODBC_ENVATTR={ENVVAR=value}
e.g.
DMEnvAttr = SQL_ATTR_UNIXODBC_ENVATTR={DB2INSTANCE=db2inst2}
The unixODBC driver manager will then set the environment variable before connecting to the driver. Note, this only works this way when using DSN based connections.
Applies To
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Jefferson Lab
Jefferson Lab, known officially as the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, is one of 17 US National Laboratories maintained by the US Department of Energy. The CLAS Experiment is located in Experimental Hall B. CLAS is an acronym for CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer. CEBAF is the acronym for Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility known for a "world-class" facility devoted to the experimentation and study of hadronic matter. The facility is used by scientists around the world to probe deeply into the interior of the atomic nucleus for the purpose of studying its properties.
Lamar University became a member of the CLAS Collaboration in July 2018, marking the first university in Texas to join CLAS.
Experimental Hall B
Experimental Hall B is the smallest of four experimental halls located at Jefferson Lab. Refer to the following resource for more information on Experimental Hall B to acquire more resources about the purpose, scientific and technical details of CLAS.
Experimental Hall B


Why does Skype use AES?
canadiocanadio Member Posts: 13 ■□□□□□□□□□
Why does Skype use AES?
You would expect it to use stream encryption instead of block encryption?
Isn't AES more suited to FDE?
 Probably because it is faster, uses less resources, and is more secure than 3DES.
 - canadiocanadio Member Posts: 13 ■□□□□□□□□□
 So when are "stream" ciphers used in the real world?
 canadio wrote: »
 RC4 was pretty common, but it has been labeled insecure. And even block ciphers that don't support perfect forward secrecy are going the way of the dodo....
 - MannymanMannyman Member Posts: 10 ■□□□□□□□□□
 3DES is not 'trusted'. not anymore
 - PJ_SneakersPJ_Sneakers CompTIA, EC-Council, ISACA, Microsoft USAMember Posts: 884 ■■■■■■□□□□
 AES can be used to stream encryption, by making the block sizes small and chaining them, such as in the case of WPA2.
 - Mike7Mike7 Member Posts: 1,091 ■■■■□□□□□□
 AES is turning into the standard cipher for encryption; partly helped by the fact hardware vendors such as Intel, AMD and Qualcomm have added AES hardware acceleration to their chips. The overhead of AES encryption on an AES-NI CPU is almost minimal.
 - OctalDumpOctalDump Member Posts: 1,722
 You've only got one answer where they seem to have actually read your question.
 The answer is that there are ways to use AES as a stream cipher, using counter mode or Output Feedback. These are general techniques for transforming block cipher to streams. With respect to WPA2 (which uses AES) a counter mode - CCMP - is used.
 Skype uses ICM - Integer Counter Mode - that allows AES to operate as a stream cipher.
 The other answers do kind of answer the question why AES - it's the de facto standard for most symmetric encryption needs, it's robust and flexible, AES is in hardware in many computers, the algorithms and libraries are cheap and easy to find, and it's familiar to anyone involved in implementing crypto.
 Having said that, MS implemented a "lawful intercept" function for eavesdropping on any Skype conversation, so...
 2017 Goals - Something Cisco, Something Linux, Agile PM
 - kinza21kinza21 Registered Users Posts: 1 ■□□□□□□□□□
 is there any, who know's about eyebeam configure with goautodial
 Ok thanks everyone esp. OctalDump.
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AI Lund
An open network for research, education and innovation in the area of Artificial Intelligence at Lund University
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AI Lund Events
AI Lund lunch seminar: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
AI and Robotics - word cloud
From: 2020-11-25 12:00
Place: Online - link by registration
Contact: Jonas [dot] Wisbrant [at] cs [dot] lth [dot] se
Save event to your calendar
Title: AI Lund lunch seminar: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
Speaker: Professor Jacek Malec, Department of Computer Science
When: 25 November 12.00 - 13.00
Location: Online - link by registration
Abstract: In close interaction with industry, locally and globally, research in the productive robotics lab at LTH, Lund University is performed in a multitude of areas and disciplines. As part of the European Robotics Week the robotics lab arranges online presentations for primary and secondary school students. However, during this lunch seminar we invite anyone from industry, the public sector or other parts of Lund University.
During the presentation we introduce the robot lab, how it is organised and equipped with a focus on the intersection between robotics and artificial intelligence. Thereafter we show examples of various kinds of robots, research challenges and solutions.
Please register at: in order to get an access link to the zoom platform.


text:
The authors analyzed commercially available data from five New Jersey communities to categorize food outlets based on the North American Industry Classification Codes. The authors integrated information from the databases with Internet searches and phone calls to refine the categorization of food outlets listed in the databases.
- There were substantial differences between the commercial food outlet database classifications and the researchers' revised database classifications.
- The reclassification found that there were three times as many convenience stores than indicated in the commercial database; one-seventh the number of supermarkets and grocery stores; and twice as many limited-service restaurants.
This research suggests that commercial food outlet databases provide a substantially healthier picture of community food sources than actually exists. The methodologies described may create a replicable approach to tailoring information from commercial databases for public health purposes.


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Possible Duplicate:
Cohomology and fundamental classes
Given an oriented manifold $M$ and an oriented submanifold $\phi:N\to M$ we can obtain a homology class $\phi_*[N]\in H_*(M)$ where $[N]$ is the fundamental class of $N$. In general, it is not true that every homology class of $M$ can be represented by a submanifold in this manner, however for some special cases it is.
For example, for $M$ an oriented (and closed maybe?) 4-manifold every homology class can be represented by a submanifold. Another example is when $M$ an Euclidean configuration space.
My questions are:
1) Under what circumstances can every homology class of $M$ be represented by a submanifold and
2) What are some examples of manifolds who have homology classes not representable in this manner?
share|cite|improve this question
marked as duplicate by Kevin H. Lin, Ryan Budney, Loop Space, Andy Putman, Reid Barton Apr 14 '10 at 19:31
This is a duplicate, no?… – Kevin H. Lin Apr 13 '10 at 3:57
Yes, duplicate question and a question that has very good and well known answers in the literature. – Ryan Budney Apr 13 '10 at 6:43
Well it's not exactly the same question. The other question asks what is generated by images of fundamental classes of submanifolds. This question asks what is the image of the fundamental classes of submanifolds. – Don Stanley Apr 13 '10 at 6:59
The original post seems to be closer to what I was looking for. Thanks for the link and sorry for the repost. – Steve Apr 13 '10 at 12:43
3 Answers 3
up vote 19 down vote accepted
Here are a few simple answers to the question you asked:
 1. Every class in $H_{n-1}(M;Z)$ for $M$ orientable is represented by a submanifold: choose a smooth map $f:M\to S^1$ representing the Poincare dual in $H^1(M;Z)=[M,S^1]$ and take the preimage of a point. In dimensions>2 it can be taken connected.
 2. Similarly, every class in $H_{n-2}(M;Z)$ for $M$ orientable is represented by a submanifold: choose a smooth map $f:M\to CP^\infty$ representing the Poincare dual in $H^2(M;Z)=[M,CP^\infty]$, homotop $f$ into a finite skeleton, say $CP^N$, and take the preimage of $CP^{N-1}$.
 3. Transversality says that if you can represent $x\in H_k(M)$ by a map of a smooth manifold (e.g. elements in the image of the Hurewicz map, or by Thom), and $2k < n$, then you can represent it by an embedded submanifold (as Andy mentions above). For example, any class in $H_1(M)$ for $dim(M)\ge 3$. With care you can also make this work for $2k=n$, and there are techniques available in the "metastable" range (no triple points) involving generalizations of Whitney's trick and other ways to replace double points.
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A weaker question replaces "homology class of an embedded submanifold" with $f_{\ast}([M])$ for some compact smooth manifold $M$ and an arbitrary continuous map $f:M \rightarrow X$. Once you give up looking at embedded submanifolds, there is also no reason to restrict yourself to $X$ being a manifold.
A lot was proven about this by Thom in his classic paper "Quelques propriétés globales des variétés différentiables", which is more famous for containing his work on cobordism theory. A few of the results contained in that paper are as follows.
1) Every mod $2$ homology class can be so represented.
2) Integrally, it is true for every class in $H_k$ for $k \leq 6$.
3) For every $k \geq 7$, there exist polyhedra $X$ and classes in $H_k(X)$ that cannot be so represented.
EDIT : One should also remark that the above is germane to the original question too in many cases. Namely, if $X$ is a smooth $n$-manifold and $M$ is a compact smooth $k$-manifold and $f:M \rightarrow X$ is arbitrary, then $f$ is homotopic to an embedding as long as $k < n/2$.
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If you really want a submanifold then I guess you can't always do it. For a closed manifold $M$ consider two times the fundamental class $2[M]$. It's easy to see you can't represent this class as a submanifold when $M=S^1$. Perhaps if you take any class in $a\in H_*(M)$ with nonzero self intersection, then $2a$ can't be represented as a submanifold?
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About your last sentence: as Paul notes, classes of codim 1 or 2 are always representable. In the codim one case, to double the homology class, compose a map to $S^1$ with the double covering of $S^1$ by itself. – Tim Perutz Apr 13 '10 at 13:46
_USER_: It depends on what you mean by "self-intersection" and whether you allow disconnected submanifolds. eg if you take twice the first generator of H1(T), then 2x\cdot 2x=0 but the curve t\mapsto (e^{4\pi i t},1) has self-intersection 1. But 2 parallel copies of x is an embedded, disconnected manifold that represents 2x – Paul Apr 13 '10 at 14:17
Thanks Paul and Tim for letting me know. – Don Stanley Apr 14 '10 at 12:31


25 U.S. Code § 283 - Regulations for withholding rations for nonattendance at schools
The amount and value of subsistence so withheld shall be credited to the tribe or tribes from whom the same is withheld, to be issued and paid when in the judgment of the Secretary of the Interior they shall have fully complied with such regulations. The Secretary of the Interior may in his discretion withhold rations, clothing and other annuities from Indian parents or guardians who refuse or neglect to send and keep their children of proper school age in some school a reasonable portion of the year.
(Mar. 3, 1893, ch. 209, § 1,27 Stat. 628, 635.)
25 CFR - Indians


text:
A report on crop conditions for Merced County for the week ending July 11 was released by the Merced County Agricultural Commissioner's office.
Weed control spraying continues to be done on small grain fields, and wheat and oat harvests continue. The fourth cutting of alfalfa hay continues and the fifth cutting begins. Corn and beans continue to be planted, and the rye harvest continues.
Strawberry and apricot harvests are winding down, while fig and watermelon harvests continue. Bell pepper, cantaloupe, honeydew and tomato fields continue to be planted. Squash, tomato and parsley harvests continue.
Pasture and range conditions are good, with supplemental feeding of hay and nutrients to livestock continuing.-- Carol Reiter

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Map of planet Zi as it appears in the Manga
Planet Zi is a fictional planet in the Zoids universe. Zi is located 60,000 light years away from Earth, directly opposite its position in the Milky Way, and is home to the biomechanical lifeforms called Zoids.
Zi contains several continents, such as Nyx, Europa, Delpoi and the Eastern Continent.
In most timelines, Planet Zi has two moons.
Key characteristics[edit | edit source]
Planet Zi as seen during Rebirth Century
Below are characteristics of the Planet as mentioned in the Zoids Bible Promotional Zoids Prints:
 - Zi was originally the closest planet to its sun, but is now the second closest.
 - Zi's sun is an F-class yellow-white star.
 - Zi's average orbital speed is 101,326 km/h.
 - Zi's diameter is 10026km.
 - Zi's axial tilt is 26.3°.
 - Zi and its solar system were formed roughly 5 billion years ago.
 - 200 million years after formation, the heavy Planet Mi (1/4 of Zi's diameter) collided with Zi, becoming part of the planet and blowing 1/4 of its crust into space.
 - 78% of the heavy metals on Zi are thought to originate from Mi.
 - Fragments from Mi and crust from Zi became three moons: "De", "Se", and "Ae".
 - "De", the yellow moon, is the smallest moon and the closest to Zi. De is only 180,000 km from Zi and getting closer every day. [De was destroyed by the comet Thorne in Rebirth Century and Battle Story material.]
 - "Se", the middle moon, is blue, and "Ae" (the largest and most distant) is red. Due to its mass, Ae has a highly eccentric and inclined orbit. Ae is thought to be composed entirely of fragments from Mi's moon "Te".
 - 700,000 years ago, a group of 8 tiny planetoids crashed into Zi's equator, causing the current geography. The largest had a 16.2 km radius and was estimated to weigh 1.0008 trillion tons.
 - Zi currently has 6 major continents (Northern, Southern, Eastern, Western, Central and Dark).
Timelines[edit | edit source]
Battle Story[edit | edit source]
Main article: Battle Story
The development of Zoids, from domestication of wild zoids to modern mechanical bodies.
In the older battle story, Zi had three moons. Life evolved on Zi, naturally developing into biometallic life. Original Zoids developed into dinosaur forms, but environmental changes drove the Dinosaurs to extinction on the planet's surface, allowing mammal Zoids to rise. around this time, the Ancient Zoidians evolved as well. The Zoidians would later discover that several types of Dinosaur Zoids survived underground.
Humans arrive on Zi
The Ancient Zoidians learned to domesticate Zoids, and eventually learned how to extract their cores and implant them into artificial bodies. Originally divided into clans, the Zoidians eventually fromed two mighty empires: the Zenebas Empire and the Helic Republic. Some time after this the Globally III, a large spaceship from Earth, crashed on the planet Zi, landing right on the border. Both superstates would lay claim to the survivors, incorporating their people and technologies.
The Republic would battle the Empire time and again, both the Zenebas and later the Guylos Empire.
In ZAC 2056, a comet struck one of Zi's moons, shattering it. The shards rained down onto the planet, causing massive destruction; the Central Continent broke into three pieces and large parts of Nyx sank.
Anime[edit | edit source]
As seen in Guardian Force, these two timelines take place on a continent that corresponds to the battle story's western continent.
Chaotic Century[edit | edit source]
Chaotic Century was set some thirty-three years after this disaster (in 2099), running parallel to the new battle story for some time. It deviates from the battle story, and as seen in the picture opposite, takes place entirely on the Western Continent (referred to as "Eupora" by Prozen in episode 7), thus moving the location of a few landmarks such as Red River. Furthermore, the actual location of the continent may be different, as New Helic City appears to be close to the North Pole (as, in Zoids: Chaotic Century Episode 17, the aurora emanating from the North Pole is able to affect New Helic City's communication), which would not correspond to the Western Continent, which is largely below the equator. It must be stressed that there are many possible explanations for thisas both this comment and the map were only referred to in passing, and as such were probably not scrutinized by the series' creators.
Guardian Force[edit | edit source]
Guardian Force takes place in the same timeline as Chaotic Century, and therefore inhabits the same Zi as Chaotic Century.
New Century[edit | edit source]
A satellite view in New Century.
The Royal Cup battlefield. (Deigan peninsula)
While not explicitly stated, there is evidence that suggests that New Century takes place on the same timeline as the first two series, albeit in the distant future, as the ruins of the Gravity-Cannon-equipped Ultrasaurus are found in the Gurrill Plateau, the same place where the finale of Guardian Force took place. Further supporting evidence stems from the Charge Particle Cannon in the Backdraft Group's possession appearing similar to the Death Stinger's tail and the common use of technologies that did not exist prior to Chaotic Century
Fuzors[edit | edit source]
While Zoids: Fuzors takes place on Planet Zi and still has two moons, the show almost never refers to the regions beyond Blue City, other than to give some random location names in passing (some of which are inconsistent throughout the series). Aside from mentioning that these names don't match with the names used in other series, since Fuzors is set entirely on the Eastern Continent (which was rarely mentioned in any other media), there is no useful information with which to describe the overall geography of the Planet Zi that appears in the Fuzors timeline.
A map of the main continent on which the Genesis anime takes place.
Genesis[edit | edit source]
In the Genesis anime, there was an apocalyptic upheaval on Planet Zi some time in the ancient past. Thousands of years before the events of the anime series, the whole planet shook. The planet's axis was moved, and what were once tropical landmasses became frigid wastelands. The continents broke up and the seas became turbulent, while volcanoes erupted en mass, resulting in the total reformation of Zi's surface.
The planet became inhospitable, and the once-great civilization that had thrived there was annihilated. To preserve the last relics of their technology, they built Sora City, a giant airborne colony which remained operational after the great change (dubbed by some as the "God's Fury"). They initially set about making the surface habitable once more, and to do so built the Generators, massive plant-like devices that stabilised the land, water, and atmosphere and produced the Zoid-fuel Reggel.
However, it took many decades to build the first one, and several more for each one after that. Even after they were built, it would be another century before they actually became operational. In this time, the people of Sora city initiated birth control policies and decided to live perpetually in their flying city. Due to this, the technology on the surface of Zi is incredibly low, far behind what would be seen in every other series (with a few exceptions, as Sora City was not entirely cut off from the surface and had ties with Digald).
The anime series takes place on only one continent, but Ron's comments indicate that there are more. Notably, the aforementioned Zoid energy source, Reggel, is a significant break from the Chaotic Century timeline, which used the Zoid Eve to power their Zoids. While some speculate the "God's Fury" was a natural (or divine) occurrence, others (such as Ron) promote the idea that it was man-made and that the warring of at least two forces, each lead by a Gil Dragon, was to blame for the cataclysm. It should also be noted that only one moon is shown during the Genesis timeline.
Wild[edit | edit source]
Unlike the previous series, Zoids Wild is not set on Planet Zi, and is instead set on "Ferroterra". The main cast visit many locations. A common joke through the series is moving into strange villages that each have an identifiable quirk. These include a village of large hats, a butt-slapping village, a con-artist village, and so on.
Several of the important locations are: The "Rural" Village where Arashi and his family hail from. The Ancient Ruins where the Mushi Hermit makes his home. The central Volcano near the Dark Metal Empire. Gallagher's throne room.
As few of these location are revisited, Sanratan is crucial to the main party. She sends home messages or money on behalf of the party.
Despite the vast areas explored by the main party, it's revealed to be only a tiny portion of the wold. Bacon's words that the "World is vast" is backed up late in the series by Arashi's Father, who even describes the Dark Metal Empire as a small part of the world.
Wild ZERO[


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"We ran into some kind of field-distortion effect, produced by the energy mining, I'll bet. It wiped out our on-board instrumentation."
―Princess Leia Organa[src]
Energy mining was a form of mining that utilized energy drills to disintegrate a target area with plasma bolts. The process produced residual energy that dissipated into a planet's atmosphere in the form of lightning unless properly shielded. Debris around the mining area was also subject to irradiation.
Because of the fallout, energy mining was forbidden by Imperial law on any planet with a native population. The Empire was known to violate this law in secret, as they did on Mimban during the Galactic Civil War.
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text:
Sidewalk Math Carpets engage young children ages 3 to 7 in learning mathematical patterns by walking, hopping, jumping, and skipping through colorful designs on carpets that are similar to hopscotch patterns drawn on sidewalks. However, Sidewalk Math patterns are designed with special attention to the skills that build the mathematical numbersense that students will need to succeed in school.
Counting Things = object counting
Counting By = multiplication facts
Counting to Order = ordering skills
Counting On = addition skills
Check out Sidewalk Math videos on Lesley University's website!
Numbersense, the ability to count and to see numbers and shapes as patterns of numbers, is at the very foundation of mathematics. Sidewalk Math patterns were designed in the Creativity Commons of Lesley University by faculty and educators in Early Childhood Education, Mathematics, Art & Design and Creative Arts in Learning. Each Sidewalk Math Carpet provides a unique mathematical pattern with counting activities that are developmentally appropriate, beautifully designed and mathematically meaningful.
Research demonstrates the impact of Sidewalk Math Carpets on increased growth in numbersense in young children ages 3years to 7 years:
To guide teachers and parents in the use of Sidewalk Math patterns Lesley University faculty created The Footbook: Steps to Developing Numbersense in Young Children. The Footbook provides information on the importance of math literacy, ways to engage young children in counting activities, and additional resources (books, songs, objects, and chalk activities) to help teachers and parents count with children.
The Creativity Commons faculty also provide professional development in schools and districts to support early childhood educators in developing guided activities that align with their curriculum and meet the needs of all learners, particularly children with learning differences or those who are English language learners. For more information, contact Creativity Commons Director Martha McKenna at _EMAIL_.
Young children learn through play. Research shows that the learning is more likely to stick when children are intrigued and fully engaged — body, mind, and imagination. Sidewalk Math Carpets meet these criteria. Sidewalk Math Carpets support learning:
Patterns encourage children to practice counting in different ways: forward and backward, counting by, counting on, building the foundations of number sense and operations
Some patterns encourage exploration of color and shape, encouraging not only counting of shapes, sides, and corners, but experimentation with different possibilities for making shapes and patterns, engaging children in thinking flexibly and mastering ideas such as equivalence and regrouping
Some patterns help children link size, quantity, and number
The carpets encourage children to practice—just because it's fun—until key sequences and patterns become automatic
As play mats, the carpets invite games and conversations, building language and supporting social development and creativity.
Dr. Betty Bardige, co-author of Building Literacy with Love
Uses of Sidewalk Math Carpets in the early childhood classroom include:
Creating an indoor space for active play in the classroom
Engaging children in demonstrating their counting skills and invite others to join their play
Supporting children in learning each other's languages as they count in different ways
Building gross motor skills of children by jumping, tiptoeing, walking backwards, and hopping on patterns
Build fine motor skills of children drawing, coloring, and cutting out shapes to make their own patterns
Sparking creativity with songs, games, creating art, pretending and developing new mathematical patterns
Students taking initiative for their own learning.


Tuesday, September 16, 2008
Left Turns!
Q: Why does the state of Indiana have so many different left turn arrows.
They are from what I can see the follow:
1. left arrow
2. left arrow with the word only
3. no sign just a light
4 left arrow with words left turn on arrow only.
Do they all mean the exact same thing or does the last one in that list mean you can only turn with a green arrow and the rest are a stop and yield until it is safe to go (provided there is a green light for through traffic)?
A: I would refer you back to the Indiana Operators manual, but in short, turns designated by lights are to be made when allowed by light and safe to do so. A quick excerpt:
The lights indicate and apply to drivers of vehicles and pedestrians as follows:
(1) Green indication means the following:
(A) Vehicular traffic facing a circular green signal may proceed straight through or turn right or left, unless a sign at the place prohibits either turn.
(B) Vehicular traffic, including vehicles turning right or left, shall yield the right-of-way to other vehicles and to pedestrians lawfully within the intersection or an adjacent sidewalk at the time the signal is exhibited.
(C) Vehicular traffic facing a green arrow signal, shown alone or in combination with another indication, may cautiously enter the intersection only to make the movement indicated by the green arrow or other movement permitted by other indications shown at the same time.
"Left on Arrow Only" means just that. You may NOT make a turn left at any other time.
posted by South Bend Police Department @ 5:06 PM
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text:
Why is solid sodium chloride white - and for that matter, why are the majority of salts white in solid form?
closed as too broad by Todd Minehardt, Klaus-Dieter Warzecha, Jan, ron, Zhe Jan 16 '17 at 2:34
Please edit the question to limit it to a specific problem with enough detail to identify an adequate answer. Avoid asking multiple distinct questions at once. See the How to Ask page for help clarifying this question. If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.
Sodium chloride is colorless because the electrons are tightly bond tho the sodium cation and the chloride anion. Visible light has not enough energy to excite the electrons to higher energy levels. So there's no absorption or emission of visible light of a certain wavelength and therefore no color.
I wouldn't say that the majority of salts is colorless, since the more complex the composition of a salt is the more likely it is not colorless.


text:
Protests and Demonstrations
Saint Charles Borromeo Seminary supports the right of persons to lawfully assemble and conduct peaceful protests. We ask members of the Seminary community to follow these guidelines whenever such a gathering becomes disruptive or has the potential to become violent:
- Avoid the area of disturbance and observe the situation from a safe distance to determine if the gathering is currently or potentially violent.
- Do not engage the demonstrators or protesters either verbally or by actions.
- Notify the Safety & Security Department _PHONE_) and await instructions.
- If inside, secure your area (lock doors, files, vital records and expensive equipment).
- Continue with normal routines as much as possible.
- Keep away from doors and windows and Stay Inside!
- Prepare for evacuation or relocation.


When was the Dishwasher Invented😄🤩😃
The dishwasher is an appliance that has become a staple in many households around the world. It has revolutionized the way we clean our dishes and has saved us countless hours of laborious hand-washing. But when was the dishwasher invented? Who can we thank for this incredible invention? In this article, we will explore the history of the dishwasher and how it has evolved over time.
The earliest known reference to a mechanical device for washing dishes dates back to 1850. Joel Houghton, an American from Ogden, New York, received the first U.S. patent for a hand-powered washing machine that was designed for cleaning dishes. The machine consisted of a wooden tub with a hand-operated crank that rotated a series of gears, which in turn drove a reciprocating paddle. The paddle was designed to agitate the water and the dishes, cleaning them in the process.
Houghton's invention was not a commercial success, and it wasn't until 1886 that a mechanical dishwasher was patented by Josephine Cochrane. Cochrane was the wealthy wife of a politician and socialite who was frustrated with the way her servants were handling her fine china. She decided to take matters into her own hands and designed a machine that would clean her dishes more effectively.
Cochrane's dishwasher was a massive improvement on Houghton's machine. It featured a motor-driven belt that moved the dishes through a series of compartments, where they were washed with hot soapy water, rinsed with hot water, and then dried with hot air. The machine was a success, and Cochrane's company, which later became known as KitchenAid, went on to sell dishwashers to hotels and restaurants.
3 Best GE Dishwashers 1 When was the Dishwasher Invented😄🤩😃
Despite its commercial success, the dishwasher did not become a common household appliance until the mid-20th century. It was considered a luxury item and was too expensive for most families to afford. However, as the cost of production decreased and the technology improved, dishwashers became more accessible to the average person.
In the 1950s, dishwashers began to feature more advanced features, such as spray arms, which replaced the paddles used in earlier models. This allowed for a more thorough cleaning of the dishes and reduced the amount of water needed. By the 1960s, dishwashers were becoming increasingly common in households across the United States and Europe.
Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, dishwasher technology continued to improve, with the introduction of more energy-efficient models and electronic controls. Manufacturers also began to offer different sizes and styles of dishwashers to suit a variety of kitchen designs.
Today, dishwashers are an essential appliance in many households. They are more energy-efficient than ever before, and many models feature advanced features such as adjustable racks, multiple wash cycles, and even Wi-Fi connectivity. They have come a long way since Joel Houghton's hand-cranked machine and Josephine Cochrane's motor-driven belt.
When did dishwashers become popular?
Dishwashers became popular in the United States in the 1950s. After World War II, dishwashers started to become more affordable and accessible to the average American household. The invention of automatic dishwashers allowed people to save time on washing dishes and freed up time for other activities. This shift in convenience helped to make dishwashers a common household item.
Prior to the 1950s, dishwashing was a labor-intensive task that often required multiple people working together. However, with the invention of automatic dishwashers, one person could easily complete this chore. As technology improved, so did the efficiency of dishwashers; they became quieter and more energy efficient, allowing them to become even more popular among households.
Today, most households have at least one dishwasher and it is considered an essential home appliance in many parts of the world. It has become a staple in modern kitchens and continues to be refined as technology advances.
When was electric dishwasher invented?
The first electric dishwasher was invented in 1886 by Josephine Cochrane. She was an American inventor who wanted to make the chore of washing dishes easier and faster. Her original invention consisted of a motorized wheel that rotated a rack of dishes through a copper tub filled with hot soapy water. This invention was presented at the 1893 World's Fair in Chicago and won the highest award for mechanical construction. It was then commercially produced and sold, becoming more popular as households began to rely on electricity and plumbing systems became more common. Today, electric dishwashers are used all over the world, making it easy to keep our dishes clean without having to do them manually.
Who invented the dishwasher?
The dishwasher was invented by Josephine Cochrane in 1886. She was a wealthy socialite from Shelbyville, Illinois who wanted to find a way to keep her expensive china from being damaged while being washed. She enlisted the help of mechanic George Butters to construct a machine that would use water pressure to push water through the dishes and clean them.
The first version of the dishwasher was made out of a wheel, metal racks, and a motorized pump. It was displayed at the 1893 World's Fair in Chicago where it received much acclaim. After that, Cochrane founded the Garis-Cochran Company which manufactured and sold dishwashers until they were bought out by KitchenAid in 1986.
Today, dishwashers are found in most households around the world as an essential kitchen appliance.
In conclusion, the dishwasher is an appliance that has been around for over 100 years, and it has undergone significant changes and improvements during that time. From the hand-cranked machine of the 1850s to the advanced, energy-efficient models of today, the dishwasher has come a long way. It is an essential appliance in many households and has made our lives easier by taking the labor out of dishwashing. We owe a debt of gratitude to Joel Houghton and Josephine Cochrane for their pioneering work in developing the dishwasher, and to the many engineers and designers who have continued to improve it over the years.
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Kudremukh (Kuduremukha) (Kannada: ಕುದುರೆಮುಖ) is a mountain range in Chikkamagaluru district in Karnataka state, India. The name Kuduremukha'' literally means "horse-face" in Kannada and refers to a particular picturesque view of a side of the mountain. It is also the name of a small town situated near the mountain which is primarily an iron ore mining town where the government run Public Sector Kudremukh Iron Ore Company Ltd. (KIOCL) operates. The town is noted for its scenic beauty. Owing to the dense forests, sighting wildlife can be challenging, though the area is rich in wildlife.
The Kudremukh National Park is the second largest declared Wildlife Protected Area (600.32 km²) of a tropical wet evergreen type of forest in the Western Ghats. Kudremukh National Park is located in Dakshina Kannada and Chikmagalur districts of Karnataka state. 13°4′48″N 75°9′36″E / 13.08°N 75.16°E / 13.08; 75.16
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Kikiaola Harbor is located along the southwest coast of the island of Kauai between the towns of Kekaha and Waimea. The Federal project modified an existing harbor, which was originally developed by the State of Hawaii in 1959. The project was authorized under Section 101 of the River and Harbor Act of 1968 and it was completed in 2009 at a cost of $18,771,500.
The Federal project consists of a dredged 725-foot-long entrance channel varying in width from 105 to 205 feet to a depth of 11 feet, a dredged 320-foot-long access channel varying in width from 70 to 105 feet to a depth of seven feet, removal of 150 feet of the existing outer east stub breakwater, raising the crest elevation and flattening the seaward slope of approximately 764 feet of the existing east breakwater, removing and reconstructing the 71-foot-long inner east breakwater, and modifying 245 feet of the seaward portion of the existing west breakwater.
These navigation improvements were designed to eliminate dangerous breaking wave conditions within the entrance channel and allow for the safe passage of vessels entering the basin. The local sponsor, State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, continues to work towards fulfilling their obligation to construct items of local cooperation such as the sand bypass system and west breakwater root repair. These features are integral to the overall function of the modified harbor project.


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Why is the ninth month called September?
Old English cetil (Mercian), from Latin catillus "deep pan or dish for cooking," diminutive of catinus "bowl, dish, pot." A general Germanic borrowing (cf. Old Saxon ketel, Old Frisian zetel, Middle Dutch ketel, Old High German kezzil, German Kessel). Spelling with a -k- (c.1300) probably is from influence of Old Norse cognate ketill. The smaller sense of "tea-kettle" is attested by 1769.
A steep, bowl-shaped hollow in ground once covered by a glacier. Kettles are believed to form when a block of ice left by a glacier becomes covered by sediments and later melts, leaving a hollow. They are usually tens of meters deep and up to tens of kilometers in diameter and often contain surface water.
a large pot for cooking. The same Hebrew word (dud, "boiling") is rendered also "pot" (Ps. 81:6), "caldron" (2 Chr. 35:13), "basket" (Jer. 24:2). It was used for preparing the peace-offerings (1 Sam. 2:13, 14).
in geology, depression in a glacial outwash drift made by the melting of a detached mass of glacial ice that became wholly or partly buried. The occurrence of these stranded ice masses is thought to be the result of gradual accumulation of outwash atop the irregular glacier terminus. Kettles may range in size from 5 m (15 feet) to 13 km (8 miles) in diameter and up to 45 m in depth. When filled with water they are called kettle lakes. Most kettles are circular in shape because melting blocks of ice tend to become rounded; distorted or branching depressions may result from extremely irregular ice masses


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A 3D Collision Avoidance Tool for External Beam Radiation Therapy Treatment Planning
International Journal of Medical Physics Research and Practice
Purpose: We are presenting the design and implementation of a 3D‐graphical tool for the detection of potential collisions of various linac components for patient‐specific external treatment planningMethod and Materials: The graphical tool uses the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) to model the exact geometry of any treatment machine by reading its manufacturer's CAD design files. The robust system is based on VRML and Java programming that allows for accurate simulation of any linac hardware module based on the manufacturer's CAD drawings. Results: The tool predicted eminent collisions between different linac components graphically for a simulated Varian 2100EX for certain gantry and table angles. The collision angles were verified manually on the linac and found to agree with the predicted angles from the tool. Conclusions: We have developed a 3D graphical simulation tool that can be used as a stand alone application to assist in external treatment planning by visually simulating collisions between various linac hardware components. Unlike other anti‐collision methods developed so far in the literature, our tool would be able to model the details of the treatment linac and add‐on devices for patient‐specific setups. Hence, the tool will create patient‐specific realistic collision maps for any external treatment scenario. The tool can be used as a stand‐alone program and it is platform independent.
Hamza-Lup, Felix G., L. D. Davis, Sanford Meeks, Omar A. Zeidan.
"A 3D Collision Avoidance Tool for External Beam Radiation Therapy Treatment Planning."
International Journal of Medical Physics Research and Practice, 33 (6): 2175: Wiley.
Wiley Rights & Permissions


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There are two photos in this picture! They're on cards set against a brown background. Other pictures in the Milstein gallery have one or three photos, with or without a white border:
To make something akin to OldSF, I'd need to write a program to find and extract each of the photos embedded in these pictures. It's incredibly easy for our eyes to pick out the embedded photos, but this is deceptive. We're really good at this sort of thing! Teaching a computer to do makes you realize how non-trivial the problem is.
I started by converting the images to grayscale and running edge detection:
The white lines indicate places where there was an "edge" in the original image. It's an impressive effect—almost like you hired someone to sketch the image. The details on the stoops are particularly cool:
The interesting bit for us isn't the lines inside the photo so much as the white box around it. Running an edge detection algorithm brings it into stark relief. There are a number of image processing algorithms to detect lines, for example the Hough Transform or scipy's probabilistic_hough. I've never been able to get these to work, however, and this ultimately proved to be a dead end.
A simple algorithm often works much better than high-powered computer vision algorithms like edge detection and the Hough Transform. In this case, I realized that there was, in fact, a much simpler way to do things.
The images are always on brown paper. So why not find the brown paper and call everything else the photos? To do this, I found the median color in each image, blurred it and called everything within an RMSE of 20 "brown". I colored the brown pixels black and the non-brown pixels white. This left me with an image like this:
Now this is progress! The rectangles stand out clearly. Now it's a matter of teaching the computer to find them.
To do this, I used the following algorithm:
- Pick a random white pixel, (x, y) (statistically, this is likely to be in a photo)
- Call this a 1×1 rectangle.
- Extend the rectangle out in all directions, so long as you keep adding new white pixels.
- If this rectangle is larger than 100×100, record it as a photo.
- Color the rectangle black.
- If <90% of the image is black, go back to step 1.
Eventually this should find all the photos. Here are the results on the original photo from the top of the post:
The red rectangles are those found by the algorithm. This has a few nice properties:
- It naturally generalizes to images with 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. photos.
- It still works well when the photos are slightly rotated.
- It works for any background color (lighting conditions vary for each image).
There's still some tweaking to do, but I'm really happy with how this algorithm has performed! You can find the source code here.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Underground drip irrigation serves two purposes
Dispose of wastewater and irrigate trees.
Water is plentiful in the fruit-growing area along Lake Michigan's eastern shore, so it's not scarcity that's an issue. The problem is with some water that's been made slightly dirty but is perfectly useful if handled right.
That's led some fruit growers and fruit processors to make double use of wastewater through subsurface trickle irrigation systems installed in fruit orchards. The system uses water that would otherwise be wasted, to irrigate.
As Beau Shacklette tells it, a fruit-processing company approached the company he works for, Trickl-Eez Company in St. Joseph, Michigan, wanting an onsite system for disposal of wastewater from their processing plant. Trickl-Eez, working with an environmental engineering company, developed the Agricultural Wastewater Dispersal System that Trickl-Eez now sells and installs.
Shacklette, the regional sales manager for Trickl-Eez in Traverse City, Michigan, has installed systems at four fruit-processing companies and for a few growers since getting state Department of Natural Resources approval for the system four years ago.
The fruit-processing companies need to get rid of wastewater they have used to cool, wash, or handle fruit or vegetables, Shacklette said. The water contains low levels of soluble solids and nutrients. The companies are located away from municipal sewage disposal systems and needed either to install their own waste treatment plants or come up with methods acceptable to the state.
On-land disposal of such water through irrigation is legal, but in northwest Michigan there is a long winter season when the land is frozen and won't accept surface-applied water. Putting the water into the ground below the frost layer solves that problem.
The orchardists, mostly growers of tart cherries, use cold well water to cool fruit during harvest in July. While this water is not considered a waste requiring treatment, there is a lot of it leaving cooling pads and trying to find its way somewhere. "Growers know it's just a matter of time until they have to contain and dispose of the water that runs off their cooling pads," Shacklette said.
Trickle irrigation is growing as a practice, especially in young cherry orchards, so the water has a use.
The system Trickl-Eez developed is a grid of underground drip irrigation tubing that runs down the rows and alleys of fruit orchards. Some of the processing companies are growers themselves, so they have their own orchards, or there are orchards close by they can access. In some cases, they've installed the systems in open fields devoted to production of hay.
"One important requirement was that the disposal system be able to operate year round," Shacklette said. "A subsurface drip irrigation system was chosen as the best delivery system to move lagoon discharge water to adjacent fruit orchards where the trees can benefit from the nutrients in the water as well as receiving beneficial irrigation water."
Allen Steimel, the plant general manager for Leelanau Fruit Company near Suttons Bay, about 20 miles north of Traverse City, said his company installed a four-acre system a year ago as an expansion for their on-land sprinkler irrigation disposal system.
"We process brined cherries for maraschinos," he said, "so we work year around using stored cherries. We needed a way to dispose of water during the winter time."
The water is only marginally dirty since it's used to move cherries that contain some residual brine solution. The actual spent brine is disposed of by injection into deep wells.
In the summer, water used in the pitting operation contains more nutrients, and that is spray irrigated since frozen ground is not an issue.
The company needs to dispose of about 22 million gallons of water a year, and most of that is sprinkler irrigated onto land that grows hay for horses, Steimel said.
Other systems Shacklette has installed vary in size from 5 to 16 acres. When installed in existing orchards, he said, usually three lines are run down each alley. Lines run on both sides of a tree row, about 30 inches from the trees, and one down the center of the alley.
In the fruit area in northwest Michigan, soil is often sandy to gravelly, and trees, especially young trees, benefit greatly from irrigation, and many growers use trickle irrigation in young orchards.
To make the drip irrigation disposal system work, water has to be relatively free from solids or the emitters will clog. In the processing plant systems he designs, Shacklette likes to have two lagoons, linked in series, that serve as settling ponds that remove much of the organic matter. Then the water is pumped through filters before getting into the drip lines. Water from cooling pads does not contain enough solids to require filtration.
Shacklette, who originally came to Michigan from Colorado and is experienced in irrigation systems, thinks this system will work well for food processing plants in any environment anywhere.
"The Agricultural Wastewater Dispersal System can be expanded to many other sites," he said. "It provides a very practical, affordable, and common-sense solution to the previously very difficult problem of how to manage agricultural wastewater and put it to a beneficial use rather than create an environmental problem."
There is also a food safety aspect to drip irrigation. Since no effluent water is sprayed onto foliage or fruit, there are no contamination issues, Shacklette said.
Unlike sprinkler application, where water slams the ground, compacting it and causing surface runoff, subsurface irrigation lets the soil act as a huge absorption system and biofilter, he said. Growing plants and trees can benefit from the water and the nutrients it contains.
The loading rate needs to be designed to fit the soil type, and the system is computer controlled to dispense the correct amount of water, Shacklette said. Trees must be able to absorb the nutrients in the water or they can leach down below the root zone.
The dispersal system includes several components.
First are the pretreatment lagoons, where oxygen is added to provide aerobic, odor-free conditions for breakdown of solids in the wastewater.
Next are the computer controls and pumps that move the water in a controlled dosing cycle.
Filters are very important, Shacklette said, to keep the drip tubes from plugging.
The drip system in the field or orchards is divided into zones, to which water entry is controlled by valves.
The final part is the underground drip lines that are buried from one to two feet deep. The lines contain pressure-compensating emitters.
"One of the biggest advantages to the subsurface drip system is the ability to provide the dose and rest cycles that facilitate wastewater infiltration into the soil," Shacklette said. "Timed doses allow for the even distribution of the liquid waste throughout the day or night."


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Tricon completed this very technically difficult project for the City of Dubuque. The Railroad Culverts Project is a critical phase of the larger Bee Branch Watershed Flood Mitigation Project and will increase the flood mitigation system's capacity to protect the area from a 75-year rain event to a 500-year rain event. The railroad culverts project involved using micro-tunneling methods to install six, 8-foot diameter culverts under the Canadian Pacific Railway (CP) tracks along Garfield Ave. This will allow stormwater to drain more efficiently from the Upper Bee Branch Creek to the Lower Bee Branch Creek and 16th St. Detention Basin. The six steel culverts were installed under the CP Railroad tracks while the trains remained operational. A jacking system was constructed below the Bee Branch water basin and the culverts were installed by boring 200' long tunnels 20' under the railroad. Each pipe required considerable prep work including cutting the holes through the sheet pile walls to allow the micro-tunneling machine to pass.
Upstream and downstream connections were also built. These included a large buried concrete transition structure south of Garfield Ave. where water from the creek and the 22nd St./Kaufmann Ave. storm sewer system comes together before entering the newly installed pipes. Downstream, a structure was built to transition water from the pipes into the creek as well as a pumping station and gate to control the water level of the upstream creek and storm sewer.
This project took 2.5 years to construct.
Click on an image below to view in slideshow


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DOE invests in electric cars
The US Department of Energy (DOE) is making a big investment in electric cars nationwide. The investment is part of DOE's Clean Cities initiative which is supporting the growth of energy efficient and renewable energy measures in America's cities. Awards were given to 16 electric vehicle projects in 24 states and Washington DC.
The projects that were awarded funds are focused on accelerating the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and providing job training to individuals and college students to design and build EVs.
Through the awards, $8.5 million will go to providing additional electric vehicle charging stations and fostering public-private partnerships to deploy EVs throughout the nation. The funding recipients range from communities with extensive EV planning experience to those that are eager to begin, but have not previously had the resources to do so. Most projects awarded in this round of funding are one-year start up projects focused on creating the ideal conditions for EV deployments such as revised permitting, charging station construction and training municipal personnel.
"By developing the next generation of automotive engineers and preparing communities for plug-in electric vehicles, these projects will help reduce our nation's dependence on oil imports, create jobs, and help America capture the growing global market for advanced vehicles," said Department of Energy Secretary Chu.
Individuals interested in learning about where they can purchase or charge electric vehicles in their state can visit the map on the DOE website which highlights all of the clean cities funding sites so far. The effort from DOE supports other electric vehicle initiatives already moving forward in several states. So far, these initiatives been supported in larger cities – the DOE funds will help foster growth in smaller cities, adding continuity to the budding national EV infrastructure.


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Provide flow control in conjunction with any of the other stormwater management offerings to mitigate potential issues associated with high flows and maintain the effectiveness of your water quality treatment unit or Best Management Practice (BMP). Diversion structures protect and increase the efficiency of BMPs by allowing only the water quality flow (treatment flow) to enter the BMP. Flow rates greater than the water quality flow are allowed to bypass the BMP.
Stormwater enters the structure via the inlet pipe and encounters a weir. The weir height is set at a predetermined elevation, in order to direct the treatment flow (water quality flow) into a BMP. Jensen Water Resources diversion structures can be manufactured with an adjustable height weir, allowing for fine-tuning and setting the final weir elevation in the field as necessary. The weir crest is set at an elevation such that flow greater than the treatment flow overtops the weir and bypasses the BMP, thereby ensuring that the BMP operates efficiently and effectively, and that previously captured pollutants are not re-suspended.


What is an Adjuster?
A Claims Adjuster is an individual assigned by an insurance company to determine the amount of compensation that is to be paid in order to settle the claim. Adjusters handle property claims, like damage to structures and vehicles, as well as liability claims that involve personal injury.
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A Study of a Cavity Nearby a Pulsar at -60º Latitude in the Far Infrared Map
Keywords:Interstellar medium, Inhomogeinity in ISM, Pulsar wind
We present physical properties of a region in the interstellar medium where the past evolutionary remnant of pulsar evolution is observed. For this, a systematic search of dust structure in the far infrared (100 μm and 60 μm) IRAS (Infrared Astronomical Satellite) survey was performed using Sky View Observatory. Our selection criteria are as follows: (a) Cavity should be greater than 0.25 degree in diameter and (b) the cavity should have 3-fold minima in flux density. In the 100 micron infrared map, a new cavity-like isolated far infrared dust structure (size ~ 1.62 pc x 0.98 pc) is found at R.A. (J2000) 18h 33m 14.8s and Dec. (J2000) -60° 23' 24". We have studied flux density variation and temperature variation within the structure. We found that the dust color temperature varies from 22.78 K to 24.78 K, with offset of 2 K. The dust mass of each pixel of the region of interest was calculated using their dust color temperature. The excess mass in the region was found to be 1.62 x 1023 Kg. The energy required to create that inhomogeneity in the structure is calculated to be 3.24 x1035 J.
Journal of Nepal Physical Society
Volume 4, Issue 1, February 2017, Page: 33-41
How to Cite
All right reserved. No part of this Journal may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passage in a review. The views and interpretation in this journal are those of author(s) and they are not attributable to the NPS.


loaded by the NSApplication class when needed. The scripting dictionary is usually an XML file that specifies how application-specific objects are selected or identified and what commands may be used with the objects. Script writers use the dictionary to determine what commands to send from scripts. Script development tools like Mac OS X's Applescript Studio and Automator applications read the dictionary to validate scripts and detect scripting errors before the scripts are run.
Cocoa's Preference Pane Architecture
Mac OS X's built-in System Preferences application is extensible. It has a plug-in architecture with which new user interfaces called "panes" can be added. When started, the System Preferences application searches a set of standard file system locations to find and load any available plug-in panes. It then displays a window in which users choose among the available loaded preference panes. The System Preferences application as a whole uses the MVC design, and the panes that you add must also use that design.
The System Preferences Model consists of data files where systemwide and per user preferences are stored. Preferences include information like the chosen keyboard repeat speed, the desktop background picture, and the default method of connecting to the Internet. The System Preferences Model is encapsulated by the Core Foundation Preference Services interface, which is used by all applications and the operating system to access the preference values.
Each preference pane contains its own Controller subsystem created by subclassing Cocoa's NSPreferencePane class. NSPreferencePane handles most of the work of interfacing with the System Preferences application. For example, whenever your preference pane is selected by a user, but before it is displayed, the -(void)willSelect message is sent to your Controller. Immediately after your View is displayed, System Preferences sends the -(void)didSelect message to your Controller. Whenever the user unselects your pane by selecting a different pane, closing the preferences window, or quitting System Preferences, the -(NSPreferencePaneUnselectReply)shouldUnselect message is sent to your Controller. Depending on the value returned from your implementation of -shouldUnselect, your pane can postpone the unselect action. As an example, your pane can implement -shouldUnselect to display an error message indicating any problems with the current preference values and warning that the values will not be saved.
Finally, each preference pane provides its own View subsystem so that users can interact with whatever preference values the pane is designed to access. Use Interface Builder to construct the View and connect it to the Controller with the Outlets, Targets, and Actions pattern described in Chapter 17 or bindings described in Chapter 29, "Controllers."
As always in the MVC design, it's critical that the actual preference values are stored in the Model and not just in the pane's user interface. If a value is only stored in the pane's user interface, then the value might as well not exist because the system and other applications will have no way to access it.
Quartz Composer's Architecture
The Quartz Composer application is one of Apple's free developer tools. It builds upon Mac OS X's Quartz Core Imaging technology to create visual compositions using high performance graphical operations called "patches." A group of interconnected patches along with source data such as images, colors, and text comprise the Model. The Model is essentially a recipe for creating visual compositions. The QCView is a subclass of NSView and is able to display final compositions. The QCPatchController class mediates between the Model and the QCView.
When you embed Quartz compositions in your Cocoa applications, you can connect your own user interface controls to an QCPatchController to influence the compositions displayed. For example, a group of patches may use a variable to specify how opaque the resulting composition should be. Your application can use actions or bindings so that the value of a slider sets the opacity variable via the QCPatchController instance.
The QTKit Architecture
Mac OS X's QTKit is an Objective-C framework that manipulates and displays QuickTime media. The Model used by QTKit is the QTMovie class, which encapsulates movies, audio streams, animations, and other supported QuickTime media formats defined by the international MPEG-4 standard. QTMovieView is a subclass of Cocoa's NSView class and displays QuickTime media to users.
To use the QTMovie and QTMovieView classes in a Cocoa application, you typically implement your own Controller layer. The Controller creates QTMovie instances and loads their content from files or over a network. The Controller then sends messages to tell a QTMovieView instance which QTMovie to play. Play, pause, fast forward, rewind, and other operations are implemented by sending messages to the QTMovieView.
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