Academic Session 29: Warwick 2011
AAH Annual Conference 2011
31 March – 2 April, University of Warwick
Craft, History, Theory
Session Convenor:
Janice Helland, Queen's University, Canada.
This session proposes an integrative examination of craft history and craft theory with a particular emphasis upon the impact material culture studies has had upon the
discipline. In 1999, Judy Attfield suggested that 'hybridity' is one of the 'most remarkable characteristics of material culture studies' (Journal of Design History, 12, 4: 373); in 2009, Paul Greenhalgh lamented the 'absence of historical writing' in discussions of craft (Journal of Design History, 22, 4:402); and also recently, Tom Crook posited a collapse of the dichotomies of modern and antimodern in craft studies suggesting instead an 'alternative modernity' distinguished by a 'multiplicity of 'dialogs' between past, present and future' (Journal of Modern Craft, 2,1, 2009: 17). Thus, while maintaining a concern for production and consumption, papers in the session will also consider intersectionalities, meaning, and social relationships between object and bodies, while retaining a focus upon craft history. How do objects relate to each other and/or to the bodies that create and use them particularly when informed by gender, sexualities, class and race? How does materiality make meaning? What relationships accrue between objects and social practices? How have theories of transculturation affected discussions of craft history and practice?
Speakers & Papers
Alena Buis (Queen's University Canada)
Crafting Home: The colonial homemaker in early modern Dutch trade networks
Juliette MacDonald (Edinburgh College of Art)
Craft and the City: An exploration of craft's role in contemporary urban society
Alyson Wharton (SOAS, University of London)
Armenian Master-Builders and Image-Making in mid-19th Century Istanbul
Susan Surette (Concordia University, Montreal)
Working Craft: Victor Cicansky's The Old Working Class and The New Working Class
Rosie Ibbotson (Cambridge University)
Men's accessories: crafts and fraternalism in the English Arts and Crafts Movement
Joseph McBrinn (University of Ulster)
Queer Things: Craft and Sexuality


text:
Details for Benchmark: MC1018
N 41° 32.600 W 083° 15.583 (NAD 83)
Coordinates may not be exact. Altitude is ADJUSTED and location is SCALED. (more info)
- In OTTAWA county, OH View Original Datasheet
- T 316
- Marker Type:
- bench mark disk
- massive structures with deep foundations
- Most reliable and expected to hold position/elevation well.
Benchmarks may be on private property or in dangerous locations. Obey local laws. By using the services on Geocaching.com you agree to this disclaimer.
Documented History (by the NGS)
|01/01/1980 by NGS (MONUMENTED)
|DESCRIBED BY NATIONAL GEODETIC SURVEY 1980
10.0 KM WNW FROM OAK HARBOR. 9.8 KILOMETERS (6.1 MILES) WEST-NORTHWEST ALONG THE PENN CENTRAL RAILROAD FROM THE CROSSING OF STATE HIGHWAY 19 IN OAK HARBOR, 0.08 KILOMETER (0.05 MILE) EAST OF THE JUNCTION OF GRAYTOWN ROAD IN THE SMALL COMMUNITY OF GRAYTOWN, SET VERTICALLY IN THE SOUTH FACE OF THE SQUARE SHAPED GRAIN ELEVATOR ON THE PROPERTY OF LUCKEY FARMERS INC., 12.8 METERS (42.0 FEET NORTH OF THE NORTH RAIL OF THE MAIN TRACK, 0.3 METER (1 FOOT) WEST OF THE SOUTHWEST CORNER OF THE ELEVATOR. THE MARK IS 1.0 M ABOVE GROUND.
- The horizontal coordinates were scaled from a topographic map and have an estimated accuracy of +/- 6 seconds.
- The orthometric height was determined by differential leveling and adjusted by the National Geodetic Survey in June 1991.
- The geoid height was determined by GEOID99.
- The dynamic height is computed by dividing the NAVD 88 geopotential number by the normal gravity value computed on the Geodetic Reference System of 1980 (GRS 80) ellipsoid at 45 degrees latitude (g = _PHONE_ gals.).
- The modeled gravity was interpolated from observed gravity values.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Design Nominees
Bucket Fruit 2
Bucket Fruit 2
by Alexander Fishel
Categories Tags
 - Bucket Fruit 2
 - Bucket Fruit 2
 - Bucket Fruit 2
 - Bucket Fruit 2
 - Bucket Fruit 2
Bucket Fruit 2 - Sort berry fruit and vegetables in their basket.
For children - distribute fruits vegetables and berries in their baskets.
Just move your finger with the item to the desired its basket.
Middle level: with a limited number of lives.
Expert level: same as the middle level, plus time limit.
Bucket Fruit - fun, free, catch items game for Kids,preschooler and toddler.
* It helps to you or your child learn to distinguish between different fruits, berries and vegetables.
* Based on visual perception and intuitive perception of items.
* Develop motor skills.
"Bucket Fruit 2" game is extension of previously released game "Bucket Fruit" with an altered view of visual perception.
The child himself must decide to which basket to put the emerging fruit or vegetable by dragging and dropping it in the right basket.
If a child makes a mistake, the object is returned to its original position.
The game has 3 levels of difficulty:
* For Beginners:with a constant velocity of falling items.
* Normal: with the accelerating rate of the falling item.
* Expert: with variable speed and a few items.
- Each level stores its score separately.
- Contain following items:
* fruits: apple, pear, orange, banana, pineapple
* vegetables: cucumber, tomato, zucchini, carrots, peppers;
* berries: blueberries, raspberries, blackberries, grape.
- The ability to compete with your friends through Google Account.
- The ability to share the result Google+.
- Supports phones and tablets
- If you have any questions, please email us.
Related Games


text: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi provide several ecosystem services, including increase in plant growth and nutrition. The occurrence, richness, and structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities are influenced by human activities, which may affect the functional benefits of these components of the soil biota. In this study, 13 arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi isolates originating from soils with different land uses in the Alto Solimões-Amazon region were evaluated regarding their effect on growth, nutrition, and cowpea yield in controlled conditions using two soils. Comparisons with reference isolates and a mixture of isolates were also performed. Fungal isolates exhibited a wide variability associated with colonization, sporulation, production of aboveground biomass, nitrogen and phosphorus uptake, and grain yield, indicating high functional diversity within and among fungal species. A generalized effect of isolates in promoting phosphorus uptake, increase in biomass, and cowpea yield was observed in both soils. The isolates of Glomus were the most efficient and are promising isolates for practical inoculation programs. No relationship was found between the origin of fungal isolate (i.e. land use) and their symbiotic performance in cowpea.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Sidenote for C++ programmers: just imagine that deep copy constructors are being written for you by compiler....
Exercises:
 - Examine typeclasses Eq and Show
 - Examine types of (==) and "print"
 - Try to make "Dir" instance of "Eq"
OK, back to our tests. So, what we have had to do in order to make "Dir" an instance of "Arbitrary"? Minimal definition consists of "arbitrary". Let's examine it up close:
 *Main> :t arbitrary
 arbitrary :: (Arbitrary a) => Gen a
See that "Gen a"? Reminds you of something? Right! Think of "IO a" and "Parser a" which we've seen already. This is yet another example of action-returning function, which could be used inside "do"-notation. (You might ask yourself, wouldn't it be useful to generalize that convenient concept of actions and "do"? Of course! It is already done, the concept is called "Monad" and we will talk about it in Chapter 400 :) )
Since 'a' here is a type which is an instance of "Arbitrary", we could substitute "Dir" here. So, how we can make and return action of type "Gen Dir"?
Let's look at the code:
 arbitrary = liftM2 Dir gen_size gen_name
 -- Generate random size between 10 and 1400 Mb
 where gen_size = do s <- choose (10,1400)
 return (s*1024*1024)
 -- Generate random name 1 to 300 chars long, consisting of symbols "fubar/"
 gen_name = do n <- choose (1,300)
 sequence $ take (n*10+1) $ repeat (elements "fubar/")

We have used library-provided functions "choose" and "elements" to build up "gen_size :: Gen Int" and "gen_name :: Gen String" (exercise: don't take my word on that. Find a way to check types of "gen_name" and "gen_size"). Since "Int" and "String" are components of "Dir", we sure must be able to use "Gen Int" and "Gen String" to build "Gen Dir". But where is the "do" block for that? There is none, and there is only single call to "liftM2".
Let's examine it:
 *Main> :t liftM2
 liftM2 :: (Monad m) => (a1 -> a2 -> r) -> m a1 -> m a2 -> m r
Kind of scary, right? Let's provide typechecker with more context:
 *Main> :t liftM2 Dir
 liftM2 Dir :: (Monad m) => m Int -> m String -> m Dir
Since you already heard that "Gen" is a "Monad", you could substitute "Gen" fo r "m" here, obtaining "liftM2 Dir :: (Monad Gen) => Gen Int -> Gen String -> Gen Dir". Exactly what we wanted!
Consider "liftM2" to be "advanced topic" of this chapter (which we will cover later) and just note for now that:
 - "2" is a number of arguments for data constructor "Dir" and we have used "liftM2" to construct "Gen Dir" out of "Dir"
 - There are also "liftM", "liftM3", "liftM4", "liftM5"
 - "liftM2" is defined as "liftM2 f a1 a2 = do x<-a1; y<-a2; return (f x y)"
Hopefully, this will all make sense after you read it for the third time ;)
1.5 Chapter 4: REALLY packing the knapsack this time
In this chapter we are going to write several not-so-trivial packing methods, compare their efficiency, and learn something new about debugging and profiling of the Haskell programs along the way
1.6 Chapter 400: Monads up close
Google "All about monads" and read it. 'Nuff said :)
1.7 Chapter 500: IO up close
Shows that:
 c = do a <- someAction
 b <- someOtherAction
 print (bar b)
 print (foo a)
 print "done"

really is just a syntax sugar for:
 c = someAction >>= \a ->
 someOtherAction >>= \b ->
 print (bar b) >>
 print (foo a) >>
 print "done"

and explains about ">>=" and ">>". Oh wait. This was already explained in Chapter 400 :)
1.8 Chapter 9999: Installing Haskell Compiler/Interpreter and all necessary software
Plenty of material on this on the web and this wiki. Just go get yourself installation of GHC (6.4 or above) or Hugs (v200311 or above) and "darcs", which we will use for version control.
1.9 Chapter 10000: Thanks!
Thanks for comments, proofreading, good advice and kind words go to: Helge, alt, dottedmag, Paul Moore, Ben Rudiak-Gould, Jim Wilkinson, avalez, Martin Percossi. If I should have mentioned YOU and forgot - tell me so.
Without you I would have stopped after Chapter 1 :)


text:
MacroBalans contains macrogol powder for the treatment of a short or longer period of constipation in adults and children. Macrogol is safe to use: it is an inert water absorbing substance, which passes through the gut without being absorbed into the body.
When macrogol is dissolved in a glass of water, it binds only the water consumed and retains it to the bowel. Macrogol does not absorb any fluid from the body nor the intestine. When the water content and volume of the stools increases in the bowel, it softens hard stools and relieves defecation without pain.
MacroBalans is CE medical device.
Treatment of short-term constipation, duration 14 days. The treatment can be repeated if necessary. Read carefully package information leaflet before use.
Adults and children over 8 years:
1 sachet of powder mixed with a glass of water (2 dl), juice or cold coffee or tea 1-2 times a day. Mix the solution well and drink the clear solution. The dose can be taken at any time of the day.
If you are pregnant or breast feeding, use only according to the doctor's instructions.
Macrogol 4000. Contains no other ingredients.
Sachet of 12 g x 20
Container of 750 g with a spoon of 6 g
Made in Finland


text:
On 24th February 2016 our very own Dr Shabnam Beheshti, Lecturer in Mathematics at QMUL will be delivering an interesting talk at the Hampstead Gardens Suburb (HGS) Astronomical Society on "Einstein's (Mathematical) Legacy: Past and Present". The talk will take place in the Free Church Hall Oriel Room near Golders Green at 19:30.
During her talk, Dr Beheshti will look at how the 100 years following the discovery of Einstein's Equations, elegant interplay between mathematics and physics has shaped modern cosmology and provided the framework for astounding results from observational astronomy. This will include a tour of key discoveries and conjectures from these disciplines and contemplate what the next 100 years might reveal.
If you'd like to attend, please contact Andrew Gledinning at _EMAIL_ for further information.


text:
This is episode 1 in a series in which Mariella Frostrup and guests, Sue Gerhardt, Stephen Scott and Jennie Bristow, discuss whether shouting at children causes long-term damage, or is an unavoidable part of busy family life. Possible effective alternatives are discussed.
Report of the Steer Review of standards of pupil behaviour in schools in England. The report presents the conclusions of the review and makes forty-seven recommendations grouped under the themes of legal powers and duties, supporting the development of good behaviour and raising standards higher.
Report exploring the causes and costs of all types of violence in the UK, looking at the interventions which have proved effective in tackling violence and discussing what more can be done to reduce violence in society.
Leaflet that highlights the main rights and powers now available to teachers, so as to support work in managing pupil behaviour.
The purpose of this consultation paper is to explore how the law relating to the physical punishment of children can be modernised, so that it better protects children from harm. The aim of the consultation is to address two specific issues. First, within the context of a modern family policy, in a responsible society, where should we draw the line as to what physical punishment of children is acceptable within the family setting? Second, how do we achieve that position in law?


text:
Differentiating The Information Commodity
One of the core components of creating a unique user experience is making it clear to the end user or customer that a product or service is differentiated from competitors so that it compels the individual to seek out this different experience. At DBL we've discussed the importance of identifying ways to differentiate the library. From the end-user perspective, what is it about the library that makes it different and unique from all other potential sources of information – especially the ones that are more convenient to use.
One of the challenges librarians face is that their primary product, information, is a commodity that is difficult to differentiate. It used to be that academic libraries could emphasize their scholarly content as different from what search engines offered, but Google Scholar changed all that. The end user perceives all information as relatively the same, especially when they can find it on their own, and it all seems to relate to the question or topic of choice. And even if it isn't the highest quality information, if finding it is convenient and fast then it's good enough.
The Branding Strategy blog explores how one might go about differentiating or branding a commodity. In fact, one of the bloggers there, Brad VanAuken, said "I am a firm believer that everything can be branded/differentiated. I have never encountered a product or service that I could not brand/differentiate". In that same post he provided some examples of branding products for differentiation. In a more recent post VanAuken wrote more specifically about how to differentiate commodities. Commodities, like the information contained in articles and books, is difficult to differentiate. What is different about the information found in a book in the local public library and the same or a similar book found online via Google books or Amazon?
The answer is nothing, at least nothing much different than the vodka found in bottles from two different companies, or for that matter much of the water sold in plastic bottles. Can you really taste the difference between two brands? But why does one brand command a higher price and why do more consumers know the name or can recite its tagline? The reason is differentiation. It's the same thing with information. It may be the same but one provider may have more brand recognition, another may offer great convenience and yet another may deliver unique packaging. Libraries offer books and other information for free. You'd think that would be a significant and desirable differentiating factor. But when you factor in questionable convenience, difficulty finding out what the library offers and some complexity in getting to the information, free looks like less of a bargain. Then again, the vodka example shows consumers will pay more if they believe they are getting higher quality or more value for their money. But will they go to more trouble and spend more valuable time to get it?
So what advice does VanAuken offer for how to differentiate any commodity? Some are the sort of things you'd expect: superior quality control; great customer service; best range of product availability. While all of these would be desirable for any library, doing them all well in order to compete with an Amazon or Barnes & Noble could be quite a challenge. He also says that one way to differentiate with commodities is to identify unique categories of customers and focus on meeting their unique needs. This is one area in which libraries of all types might be most successful. We often know our user segments (children, teens, college students, professionals), and we often know more about them and their research needs than the competition.
One way in which libraries, particularly academic libraries, might differentiate their information is to better connect the end user with highly specialized resources that may be linked to a specific issue or discipline. The same could be said for the mostly unique content in special collections. While Google is digitizing these unique materials from its library partners' collections, there still remains much that is unique and valuable for differentiation. Promoting these unique databases and collections will present a challenge since they have small numbers of potential users. But reaching these smaller groups, over time, can convert to a large user base. We are challenged to differentiate the library's core commodity – raw information – but as VanAuken says, "Everything can be branded/differentiated."


text:
Development of Dual Wall Air Gap Exhaust System 2000-01-0205
The strict new emission regulations have resulted in the development of new techniques to meet the control of cold-start emission in various competitive ways. In this study, the dual walled air gap exhaust pipe system is developed as an effective countermeasure to reduce pollutant exhaust gas emission, particularly to reduce pollutant exhaust gas emission at cold start and idling stage, in which the catalytic converter has not reached to light-off temperature. In this study, it is shown that dual walled air gap exhaust system can shorten the time to reach to light off temperature of the catalytic converter in cold start state, and reduce the emission of Hydrocarbon (HC) significantly due to its low thermal capacity and high thermal insulation effect. In the study, a thermal analysis of the dual walled air gap exhaust pipe system has been done using the computational fluid dynamics method. The analytical results were compared with the experiments obtained from specially designed bench tester, engine dynamometer tests. The analytical results have shown excellent conformity in both results. From the study the dual walled air gap exhaust system has been proved to meet the reduction in cold start emissions, particularly during the transient conditions and weight reduction target. Also it has been shown that an optimum gap size for dual wall exhaust system can be obtained from the results.


RSS bericht
Today, the internet has become an important element in people's lives, and owing to internet access becoming widespread, it has resulted in internet addiction. It is a major concern amongst medical students aiming to develop into health professionals. The implications of this addiction as well as its association with sleep and depression affects their studies, impacts their career goals and has detrimental consequences for society as a whole. The objectives of this study were to assess the proportion of medical undergraduate students and interns with internet addiction (IA), depressive symptoms and poor sleep quality and to study the association of IA with sleep quality and depressive symptoms. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was carried out in a medical college in Delhi. Universal sample consisting of all the medical students from first to final year (n = 185) and interns (n = 37) enrolled during the time of the study were included. Sleep quality, internet addiction and depressive symptoms in these students was assessed using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Young's Internet Addiction Test (YIAT) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ) respectively. The average YIAT score was 33.16 ± 15.68. Overall 18%, 59.9%, 46.8% of students scored above validated cutoff scores for internet addiction, poor sleep quality and depression respectively. Prevalence of IA among males and females were 20.4% and 12.9% respectively. Significant correlations were found between potential IA, sleep quality and depression (p < 0.001). The study concluded a strong correlation between IA, disturbed sleep quality and depression. Identifying medical students with potential IA is important because this addiction often coexists with other psychological problems. Thus timely remedial actions and tailored interventions are required to combat IA among medical students.


text: Forced commutated cycloconverters (PWM cyclo-converters) have no energy storage components except for small ac filters for the elimination of switching ripples. Therefore, the PWM cycloconverters can be made compact and highly reliable compared with the conventional converter-inverter systems. The PWM cycloconverters, however, directly connected the input terminals to the output terminals by the switching devices. As a result, if the input source voltages are asymmetrical and/or contain harmonics, the influence of the distortions directly appear on the output terminals. This problem is a major obstacle to using PWM cycloconverters instead of the conventional converter-inverter systems. This paper presents a novel control method for PWM cycloconverters. By using this control method, sinusoidal input and output current waveforms and unity input displacement factor can be obtained. Moreover, the compensation of the asymmetrical and/or harmonic contaminated input source voltages is easily realized.


text:
Objectives: Retrospective cholecystography studies in adults with hereditary spherocytosis (HS) suggested detectable gallstones in 37% to 43% of patients. Since longitudinal studies using biliary ultrasonography are unavailable, the aim of the present study was to determine the incidence of gallstone disease, as detected by biliary ultrasonography, in children and young adults with HS. As individuals with HS who co-inherit Gilbert syndrome have a greater risk of developing gallstones, uridine diphosphate-glucuronyl transferase (UGT-IA) gene polymorphism was also determined. Patients and Methods: The authors retrospectively evaluated 44 patients aged 1.4 to 22 years with HS, 12 (27%) of whom underwent splenectomy. Ultrasonography was performed annually starting at the age of 4 years or at the time of diagnosis, if later. Results: Of the 44 patients, 18 (41%) developed cholelithiasis as demonstrated by gallbladder ultrasonography. In most patients (94%) the test first proved positive at age 4 to 13 years. Patients with HS and Gilbert syndrome tended to be younger at the time of cholelithiasis. Conclusions: Early cholelithiasis was detected in children and young adults with HS. To identify this complication, the authors recommend early annual biliary ultrasonography in HS children, starting at about 4 years of age. In patients with Gilbert syndrome, closer follow-up may be indicated.
- Biliary ultrasonography


This documentation is archived and is not being maintained.
Security in Office Solutions
Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 Tools for the Microsoft Office System solutions incorporate the security features available with the Microsoft .NET Framework, with additional restricted application domain-level policy that prevents code from running until it is explicitly granted permission.
In This Section
Security Requirements to Run Office Solutions
Discusses security from the perspective of the developer, end user, and administrator, as well as the benefits of using the security features provided by the Microsoft .NET Framework.
Best Practices for Security in Office Solutions
Describes some issues to consider regarding security best practices for Visual Studio Tools for Office solutions, including adding conditions to security policy, checking the current policy, setting default policy.
Specific Security Considerations for Office Solutions
Provides recommendations to help you use the security features provided by the Microsoft .NET Framework and Microsoft Office 2003 to help protect against possible security threats.
How to: Grant Permissions to Folders and Assemblies
Describes how to use the Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 Configuration tool or the Code Access Security Policy tool (Caspol.exe) to change security settings for the purpose of developing assemblies on your own computer.
How to: Remove Permissions from Folders and Assemblies
Describes the two methods you can use to remove trust from folders and assemblies.
How to: Grant Permissions to Documents and Workbooks in Shared Locations
Discusses how you can use the Office Document Membership Condition to grant permissions only to the documents and workbooks that are in a specific location, rather than to all content, if the location is not secure, or if you are not sure who has permission to upload content.
Walkthrough: Granting and Removing Permissions for an Office Solution
Demonstrates step-by-step how to remove the default permissions granted during project creation and add permissions based on strong name.
Related Sections
Securing Applications
Provides links to other topics in Visual Studio that discuss security risks, as well as techniques used to help prevent unauthorized access to your applications and ensure data integrity.
Creating Office Solutions in Visual Studio
Provides links to information on what is needed to create projects using Visual Studio Tools for Office.
Deploying Office Solutions
Provides information about deploying Word or Excel documents to users, including issues involved in choosing a local or network deployment model as well as security considerations.
Architecture of Visual Studio Tools for Office Solutions
Provides links to information on how Visual Studio Tools for Office solutions work, including information on the custom document properties, the data model, and the Runtime Storage Control.
Show:


text:
Current assets refer to commodities intended for assignment or consumption as such or after further processing. Current assets are divided into materials and supplies, work in progress, finished goods, other current assets and advance payments.
Materials and supplies refer to the commodities which have been acquired for the purpose of manufacturing current assets by a party obliged to keep books and engaged in manufacturing or service provision. These commodities include the raw materials and materials and auxiliary substances used in the production of goods or services.
Work in progress refers to commodities intended for sale or for use in service production, whose manufacturing process is not finished at the time of the closing of the accounts (semi-finished goods).
Finished goods refer to self manufactured commodities that can be assigned, sold or used in service production. Goods refer to commodities from external suppliers that are intended for sale or for use in service production as they are.
Other current assets refer to commodities bought or manufactured for the purpose of selling them as such or after further processing which are not included in the above mentioned current assets items. Other current assets may include, among others, lots or other property intended for sale which have been transferred from fixed assets to current assets.
Advance payments refer to purchase prices or parts thereof paid to the supplier of current assets commodities before receiving the commodities.
In the inventory inquiry approximate 300 enterprises are asked quarterly for the value of their inventories at the end of the quarter concerned. The values are requested by type of inventory: materials and supplies, fuels and lubricants, unfinished work, finished products and merchandise.
Statistics on trade inventories describe the current priced values of trade enterprises by industry. The statistics are compiled quarterly. The values of inventories by industry calculated from a sample are raised to correspond with the value of the inventories of the whole population (enterprise whose industry is trade) using the latest turnover data available from Statistics Finland's Register of Enterprises and Establishments. The raising is based on the assumption that the ratio between the values of turnover and inventories is constant within an industry.
Value of inventories includes all goods that according to a company's book-keeping form its current assets. According to Section 4 of the Book-keeping Act (1336/1997), current assets refer to commodities intended for assignment or consumption as such or after further processing.
Inventories also include purchases of goods abroad and binding purchase agreements where they represent the company's current assets. Inventories arising from commissioned work are reported by the commissioning company.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Google Maps includes the Cedar Area Transportation Service (CATS) routes for its users. This Google Maps feature can help you find the best way to utilize CATS busses to get from one place to another in Cedar City.
Following are step-by-step instructions to use this feature.
Step 1 - go to Google Maps
Once you are there, you will see this feature in the top left-hand corner of the screen:
If you click on the "Directions" link located on the right side of the lower box, you will be given a new box. Click on the icon that looks like the front of a bus (highlighted in blue below). Once you do, you will see the following text: "Choose a starting point, or click on the map" From here, you can choose your starting point.
Below that box, you can see a box with the following text: "Choose Destination"
This is what that box looks like:
This is what the box looks like when we type the City Office's address as our starting point and the bus stop on Providence Center Drive as our destination:
With the starting point and the destination in place, just click on the magnifying glass icon, and Google Maps will generate a CATS bus route and an estimated travel time to your destination, which looks like this:
This is a great tool to help you plan your trips via CATS


text:
New Study Examines Alcoholism Among Women Living With HIV
November 3, 2011
A new study will investigate whether the prescription drug naltrexone can help women living with HIV reduce their alcohol consumption and improve their overall health. The study will be run by University of Florida researchers, who received a $2.7 million grant from the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
"Alcohol consumption can be harmful in persons with HIV infection if it affects the ability to take medications on schedule, causes people to make poor decisions, or has direct harmful effects on the immune system or other parts of the body," said the study's lead investigator Robert Cook, M.D., M.P.H., an associate professor of epidemiology and medicine at the UF College of Public Health and Health Professions and the College of Medicine. "It is the same with any chronic disease, such as diabetes. Our goals are to identify simple and acceptable treatment options that can help reduce these harmful effects."...
... In an earlier long-term study of alcohol consumption in women with HIV, Cook and colleagues found that 14 percent to 24 percent of the women reported hazardous drinking in the past year. Hazardous alcohol consumption is defined as having four or more drinks daily or seven or more drinks in a week. Previous studies have shown elevated risk for adverse health effects in people with HIV who consume hazardous amounts of alcohol, including higher levels of HIV virus, lower medication adherence, increased risky sexual behavior and more rapid disease progression.
UF researchers, with colleagues from Florida International University and the University of Miami, will study whether the prescription medication naltrexone can reduce hazardous drinking in women with HIV and improve their health outcomes. Naltrexone has been found to decrease alcohol use in previous studies of men with severe drinking problems, but has not been tested exclusively in women or in people with HIV infection, Cook said. Researchers also will assess important clinical measures, such as adherence to HIV medications, white blood cell counts, levels of HIV virus present in the body and risky sexual behavior.
According to the Kaiser Family Foundation, more than 290,000 women are living with HIV/AIDS in the United States, with Florida ranking second among U.S. states. Most of the study participants will be recruited from the Miami and Fort Lauderdale areas. Given Florida's racial and ethnic diversity, researchers hope the study will provide a better understanding of how cultural issues and differences impact HIV-positive women and their relationships with alcohol and how treatment and interventions can be applied throughout the rest of the country. This study is just one of three involving Florida universities studying alcohol use among women living with HIV.
Warren Tong is the research editor for TheBody.com and TheBodyPRO.com.
Follow Warren on Twitter: _USER_.
Copyright © 2011 The HealthCentral Network, Inc. All rights reserved.
Media Coverage of Potential Link Between Hormonal Contraception, HIV Risk Needed More "Critical Thinking"
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adding your comment, please read TheBody.com's Comment Policy.)
Copyright © 2007-2013 Remedy Health Media, LLC. All rights reserved.


R Type Provider
Developer notes
There are two things that make the R type provider tricky:
 - When you use R provider via NuGet and the F# compiler references the R provider, it attempts to load it from the location where NuGet puts it. This is typically packages/RProvider.1.0.8/lib. This directory does not contain RDotNet.dll (which is installed in packages/R.NET.1.3.5/lib/net40) and so the loading could fail.
 To avoid this, we need to make sure that the assembly that is loaded by the F# compiler (and Visual Studio) does not trigger loading of R.NET immediately - that way, we can setup AssemblyResolve event handler and load R.NET assembly from another directory.
 - Connecting to R is not entirely stable and so we do not want to crash the F# compiler (or Visual Studio) when something goes wrong with R. For this reason, we run the type discovery in a separate process and communicate with it via .NET remoting.
Project structure
To solve the two issues outlined above, the project structure looks like this:
Things to keep in mind
Here is what you need to know about individual assemblies in the solution:
 - RProvider.Runtime.dll - this is the assembly that contains most of the interesting runtime functionality (such as initialization of R, interop with R and converters that convert values between F# and R). It also contains helpers (logging, etc.).
 This assembly references R.NET in its public assemblies and so when it is loaded, .NET needs to be able to load R.NET (i.e. the AssemblyResolve event handler needs to be set up).
 - RProvider.dll - this is the assembly that the user of R provider will reference. It does not contain any useful code - it only contains TypeProviderAssembly attribute pointing to the assembly with the actual type provider code.
 Note that we cannot put the functionality from RProvider.Runtime.dll here, because the code needs to be referenced by the other two assemblies (that are compiled before the type provider can be loaded).
 - RProvider.DesignTime.dll - this is where the type provider code lives. This sets up AssemblyResolve event handler and then it generates types (by calling the RProvider.Server.exe to do the type discovery).
 - RProvider.Server.exe - this is started as a stand-alone process that performs type and package discovery in R. It is called by the DesignTime component and restarted automatically. This also needs to setup the AssemblyResolve event handler.
Fork me on GitHub


Filters
Filters applied on datastores allow filtering the data used in mappings.
Create a filter
Add a filter to a mapping
To create a filter:
 1. Select a column from a source datastore in the mapping editor.
 2. While keeping the mouse button pressed, drag this column onto an empty zone of the mapping editor.
 3. Release the mouse button.
 4. A menu opens to select an action. Select Create a Filter.
 filter menu
 5. A filter iconfilter is added to the diagram.
 6. In the Expression Editor view, edit the filter's expression.
 A filter expression must use the language and functions from the engine that will process it, which depends on the filter's Execution Location property (Source or Staging Area).
 Drag and drop columns from datastores onto the Expression Editor to add them to the current expression.
 When editing a join or a filter, think of it as a conditional expression from the WHERE clause of a SQL statement.
 Examples of valid filter expressions:
 - CUSTOMER_COUNTRY LIKE 'USA'
 - COUNTRY_CODE IN ('USA', 'CAN', 'MEX') AND UCASE(REGION_TYPE) = 'SALES'
 7. Select the filter in the mapping diagram.
 8. In the Properties view, set the following Standard Properties:
 - Enable: Enables or disables the filter.
 - Aggregate: Select this option if this filter is an aggregate and must generate a HAVING' clause.
 - Set the Execution Location. The filter may be executed by the Source datastore or in the Staging Area.
 To set the Execution Location property directly from the mapping diagram: select the filter on the diagram and then click the source icon to execute the filter on the source or the staging icon to execute it in the Staging Area.
 Selecting Source as Execution Location reduces the volume of data transferred from the source datastore.
 - Qualify: Select this option to generate a QUALIFY clause for this filter (if supported by the Execution Location's engine).
 - Description: Free form text.
 9. Press CTRL+S to save the mapping.
Select the target for a filter
By default, a filter defined on a source datastore applies to all the target datastores the source datastore is mapped with. To apply the filter to only one target:
 1. Right-click the filter on the mapping diagram.
 2. Select Activate > For <datastore name>. To apply the filter to all target datastores, select Activate > Always.
Filter joins
To add a filter to a specific join:
 1. Drag and drop the source column you want to use as filter onto this join. A default filter clause is added to the join expression.
 2. Update the join expression.
Exists / Not Exists filters
Semarchy xDI allows performing Exists / Not Exists operations in mappings to filter datasets:
 - An Exists filter selects only the rows from a source datastore that exist in another datastore.
 - A Not Exists filter selects only the rows that do not exist in another datastore.
In this section:
 - The source dataset designates the filtered dataset.
 - The target dataset designates the datastore that is used to filter data from the source dataset with an Exists / Not Exists operation.
To add an Exists / Not Exists filter:
 1. Select the column from the source datastore in the mapping diagram.
 2. Drag this column onto a column of the target datasource.
 3. Release the mouse button. Select Exists / Not Exists.
 link types
 4. An exists/not exists icon Exists / Not Exists filter is added to the diagram.
 A dotted line between the Exists / Not Exists filter and the target datastore allows identifying which datastore is used to filter data.
 To switch the source and target datastores, right-click the Exists / Not Exists filter and select Switch Datasets in the contextual menu.
 exists / not exists sample diagram
 5. In the Properties view, select the Exists or Not Exists Operation depending on the expected behavior.
 6. In the Expression Editor, edit the expression to use to identify matching records between the source and target datastores.


text:
- Crowle was part of the Crowle sub-district of the Thorne Registration District (which is in South Yorkshire).
- Check our Census Resource page for county-wide resources.
- The table below gives census piece numbers, where known:
|1841||H.O. 107 / 631|
|1871||R.G. 10 / 4728|
|1891||R.G. 12 / 3870|
|St Oswald, Crowle, Church of England|
|Fieldside, Crowle, Congregationalist|
|Mill Road, Crowle, Cemetery|
|Fieldside, Crowle, Methodist (Wesleyan)|
|Main Street, Ealand, Crowle, Methodist (Primitive)|
|Main Street, Ealand, Crowle, Methodist (Wesleyan)|
|Blessed Sacrament and Saint Norbert, Crowle, Roman Catholic|
- The Anglican parish church is dedicated to Saint Oswald.
- The older portions of the building are of Norman origin, but some Saxon stonework also exists.
- There is evidence that a pre-Norman, Saxon church of wooden construction may have stood here, also dedicated to St. Oswald. Oswald was a Christian King of Northumbria, who was slain on 5 August, 642.
- A stone and brick porch was added in 1628. The entire church was restored in 1884.
- The church seats 400.
- Richard CROFT has a photograph of St. Oswald's Church on Geo-graph, taken in June, 2006.
- Here is a photograph of St. Oswald's Church supplied by Ron COLE (who retains the copyright):
- The parish register goes back to 1561 and includes entries from Eastoft.
- Check the Isle of Axholme Deanery to see what LFHS marriage indexes exist.
- In 1872, there was a Catholic Church built here, dedicated to the Blessed Sacrament and Saint Norbert.
- Mike KIRBY has a photograph of the Roman Catholic Church on Geo-graph, taken in August, 2008.
- The village also boasted chapels for the Congregationalists (1760), Wesleyan Methodists, Baptists (1599) and Primitive Methodists. For information and assistance in researching these chapels, see our non-conformist religions page. (JB)
- Mike KIRBY has a photograph of the Methodist Church on Geo-graph, taken in July, 2008.
- Check our Church Records page for county-wide resources.
- The parish was in the Crowle sub-district in the Thorne Registration District (which is in South Yorkshire).
- Check our Civil Registration page for sources and background on Civil Registration which began in July, 1837.
Crowle is both a parish, a township and a market town in the Isle of Axholme. The town lies about three miles north of the M180 Motorway, on the A161 as it winds north to Goole, and is 17 miles north of Gainsborough and 165 miles north of London. The Old River Don skirts the north part of the village. The parish covers about 6,900 acres and includes the hamlet of Ealand, where the railway has a station.
If you are planning a visit:
- By automobile, the village of Crowle is bisected by the A161 trunk road as it travels north from the M180 motorway.
- Check the Crowle Community Forum web page to see what is happening in the parish.
- Visit the White Hart pub, the oldest pub in the Isle of Axholme.
- Check our touring page for more sources.
- John HILES provides this photograph of an older, quieter town center (John holds the copyright, 2008):
- Ask for a calculation of the distance from Crowle to another place.
You can see the administrative areas in which Crowle has been placed at times in the past. Select one to see a link to a map of that particular area.
- Late Neolithic / Early Bronze Age flints have been found in the parish, as has Roman and Romano-British pottery. Pieces of amphora suggest either a higher status building or that Crowle was a trading centre.
- The top of Mill Hill was used for arable farming from Roman times [at least] onwards. Field walking conducted between 2002 and 2004 on the east side of Mill Hill suggests that the arable farming was conducted down towards the 5 m contour. Below this point the land was too damp and used for pasture. Below about 4 m very little pottery was found. The land was too difficult to work until the invention of the tractor. The town had extensive fisheries.
- The town seems to have gone into decline in the late Middle Ages. This could be for a number of reasons. The end of the warm climatic period saw to a growth in the marshland [and a die-back of many trees on the wetter land. Two villages to the north, Haldenby and Waterton, were deserted in this period. Possibly the Black Death gave the town a knock but what was probably more important was the switch of trade patterns, the fair declined and the growth of Hull caused trade to shift there.
- In the 1620s Vermuyden drained the land, turning a productive marsh-based peasant economy into a less productive arable system. It was not until the late C18th that the land was drained properly.
- Crowle was the local market town for many centuries.
- Eastoft village was once a part of Crowle parish, but was split off in 1855 to form its own parish.
- For many centuries Crowle held a feast on the 22nd of November.
- A Market Hall was erected in the village in 1870.
- After 1870 the town went into a sharp decline, as foreign competition in the meat and corn markets was coupled with bad harvests and animal diseases. The population fell from about 3500 to 2500 in 1890.
- Histories and descriptions of Crowle and Eastoft provided by the Isle of Axholme FHS.
- There was a station here on a branch of the Doncaster to Grimsby line of the Great Central Railway.
- There was also a Crowle Town Station on the Axholme Joint Railway.
- There was a Police station here in 1900. William PEACH, inspector, was in charge. In 1913, William FORD, inspector, was in charge.
- There was a brickworks in Crowle up until 1975.
- See our Maps page for additional resources.
You can see maps centred on OS grid reference SE772131 (Lat/Lon: 53.608345, -0.833931), Crowle which are provided by:
- Google Maps
- StreetMap (Current Ordnance Survey maps)
- Bing (was Multimap)
- OldMaps (Old Ordnance Survey maps.)
- Old Maps Online (Other old maps.)
- National Library of Scotland (Old Ordnance Survey maps)
- Vision of Britain (Click "Historical units & statistics" for administrative areas.)
- English Jurisdictions in 1851 (Unfortunately the LDS have removed the facility to enable us to specify a starting location, you will need to search yourself on their map.)
- Magic (Geographic information) (Click + on map if it doesn't show)
- GeoHack (Links to on-line maps and location specific services.)
- Mike KIRBY has a photograph of the War Memorial on Geo-graph, taken in August, 2008.
- Locals pronounce the name as "Crole". But local radio personalities use "Crow..le" (as in "how by"). [Fred T. BRUMBY]
- Pat HORTON allows that many local pronounce the name as if it were "Cruel" and some Yorkshire folk use "Crowle" ("Crow" as in the bird). [Pat HORTON]
- Wikipedia tells us to pronounce the name as if it rhymes with "Coal".
- In 1900, the Crowle Advertiser on High Street was published weekly, on Fridays. Publishing continued past 1913.
- See our Newspapers page for additional resources.
- This place was an ancient parish in England and became a modern Civil Parish when those were established.
- There is much confusion about which county is "home" to Crowle. After the 1972 redistricting plan, Doncaster was added as part of the postal address for Crowle and it was part of South Humberside. The naming was unpopular and South Humberside was split into East Yorkshire, North Lincolnshire and Northeast Lincolnshire. However Crowle and local parishes were in the civil Thorne Registration District in South Yorkshire, so this added to the confusion.
- The parish was in the West Division of the ancient Manley Wapentake in the Gainsborough district (sometimes given as West Lindsey division) in the parts of Lindsey.
- The parish was also partly in the West Riding of Yorkshire. About 500 acres of Moorland lay in the West Riding of Yorkshire, but there were no houses on it in 1841. That portion was in the Strafforth and Tickhill Wapentake.
- In 1894, the town formed an Urban District Council to manage utilites and the like.
- In April, 1968, the parish was enlarged by 89 acres gained from Belton Civil Parish in Lincolnshire.
- In the 1972 government redistricting, this parish became part of the Boothferry District, which is now in the County of Humberside (formerly Lindsey, Lincolnshire).
- Three houses and ten acres of land were bequeathed for the education and relief of the poor by Richard BREWER in 1687; Thomas WALKWOOD in 1692; and Richard CLARK in 1721.
- After the Poor Law Amendment Act reforms of 1834, the parish became part of the Thorne Poor Law Union.
- Bastardy cases would be heard in the Epworth petty session hearings every other Thursday.
Crowle flourished in the 1800s:
- A National School with 23 acres of land


@File parameter will create a chooser for a single file. Here is an example in python:
<source lang="python">
# @File(label="Select a file") myFile
print(myFile)
</source>

You can request for multiple files or folders as well.

Example in ImageJ Macro Language:

<source lang="python">
#@File[] listOfPaths(label="select files or folders", style="both")

print("There are "+listOfPaths.length+" paths selected.");

for (i=0;i<listOfPaths.length;i++) {
myFile=listOfPaths[i];
if (File.exists(myFile)) {
print(myFile + " exists.");
if (File.isDirectory(myFile)) {
print("Is a directory");
} else {
print("Is a file");
}
}
}

</source>

The exact same code works for the [[Macros|ImageJ1 Macro language]], too.

You can set restrictions on accepted file types based on file extension (using a style property):

<source lang="python">
#@ File(label="Select an image file", style="extensions:png/jpg") myImageFile

print(myImageFile)
</source>
<source lang="python">
# @File(label="Select a directory", style="directory") myDir
print(myDir)
</source>

=== Styles ===

You can influence the visual style of some of the input widgets. See previous paragraph for an example for how to switch from file to folder selection. You can also switch

<source lang="python">
#@ String(choices={"Option 1", "Option 2"}, style="listBox") myChoice123
#@ String(choices={"Option A", "Option B"}, style="radioButtonHorizontal") myChoiceABC

print(myChoice123)
print(myChoiceABC)
</source>

[[File:Input-styles.png]]
[[Category:Scripting]]
Emailconfirmed, administrator
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text:
Pruning roadside trees when branches overhang your property
Should you wish to carry out pruning to roadside trees, when branches overhang your property, you may do so given the following provisos:-
- branches may not be cut beyond the property boundary.
- pruning must not cause significant damage to the tree (e.g. large cuts can result in decay leading to further safety concerns).
- you have the responsibility for checking that a tree is not protected by a Tree Preservation Order or within a Conservation Area. Please contact your local District Council Planning Department (see below).
- please dispose of the cuttings.


Introduction
Renewable energy sources, such as solar and geothermal power, have gained significant traction in recent years as a cleaner and more sustainable alternative to traditional energy generation methods. One area where renewable energy integration holds immense potential is in HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems. This article explores the benefits, challenges, and strategies for effectively integrating renewable energy sources into HVAC systems.
The Benefits of Renewable Energy Integration in HVAC Systems
Integrating renewable energy sources into HVAC systems offers a range of benefits, both in terms of environmental sustainability and economic advantages. Let's examine some key benefits:
1. Reduced Environmental Impact
The primary advantage of renewable energy integration in HVAC systems is the significant reduction in environmental impact. Renewable energy sources, such as solar and geothermal power, produce clean electricity without relying on fossil fuels. By replacing traditional energy sources with renewables, HVAC systems can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to mitigating climate change.
2. Energy Cost Savings
Renewable energy sources provide a long-term cost-saving potential for HVAC systems. Once the initial investment is made in renewable energy infrastructure, such as solar panels or geothermal heat pumps, the ongoing operational costs are relatively low. With proper design and integration, HVAC systems can utilize renewable energy to offset electricity consumption from the grid, resulting in reduced energy bills and long-term cost savings.
3. Energy Independence
By integrating renewable energy sources, HVAC systems can achieve a certain level of energy independence. Solar panels or geothermal systems generate electricity on-site, reducing reliance on the grid. This increased energy self-sufficiency can be particularly advantageous during power outages or in remote locations where grid access is limited. It also provides a sense of resilience and stability in energy supply.
Challenges and Considerations for Renewable Energy Integration
While the benefits of renewable energy integration are substantial, there are some challenges and considerations to keep in mind. Addressing these factors is crucial to ensure a successful and efficient integration process.
1. System Design and Sizing
Proper system design and sizing are critical for effective renewable energy integration in HVAC systems. Factors such as building energy requirements, available renewable resources, and space limitations need to be carefully evaluated. HVAC professionals and renewable energy experts can assist in determining the appropriate system size and configuration to meet energy demands efficiently.
2. Integration Complexity
Integrating renewable energy sources into HVAC systems requires careful coordination and compatibility between different components. The integration process involves connecting renewable energy generators, such as solar panels or geothermal heat pumps, to the HVAC system. This may involve the installation of additional equipment, such as inverters or energy storage systems, to ensure seamless energy flow and compatibility.
3. Variability of Renewable Energy
Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, are inherently variable due to weather conditions and natural fluctuations. This variability poses challenges for HVAC systems that require consistent energy supply. To address this, advanced control systems and energy management strategies can be implemented to optimize energy usage, store excess energy, and supplement with grid power when necessary.
Strategies for Effective Renewable Energy Integration
To ensure effective renewable energy integration in HVAC systems, consider the following strategies:
1. Energy Auditing and Efficiency Measures
Before integrating renewable energy sources, conduct an energy audit of the building to identify areas for energy efficiency improvements. Implementing energy-saving measures, such as insulation upgrades, efficient lighting systems, and optimized HVAC controls, reduces overall energy demand, making renewable energy integration more effective and cost-efficient.
2. System Compatibility and Sizing
Work with HVAC and renewable energy professionals to ensure proper system compatibility and sizing. Consider factors such as the building's energy requirements, available renewable resources (solar potential, geothermal feasibility), and the HVAC system's capacity. Proper sizing ensures that the renewable energy system can meet the HVAC system's demands while maximizing energy production and efficiency.
3. Smart Energy Management Systems
Implement smart energy management systems to optimize the integration of renewable energy into HVAC systems. These systems leverage advanced algorithms and data analytics to monitor energy production, consumption, and demand. By analyzing real-time data, smart systems can automatically adjust HVAC operation, prioritize renewable energy usage, and optimize energy flow within the system.
4. Energy Storage Solutions
Integrate energy storage solutions, such as batteries, into the HVAC system to store excess renewable energy for later use. Energy storage enhances system efficiency by capturing surplus energy during peak renewable generation periods and utilizing it during periods of high demand or low renewable energy production. This helps balance energy supply and demand, reducing reliance on the grid.
5. Grid Interaction and Net Metering
Explore opportunities for grid interaction and net metering. Depending on local regulations and utility policies, excess renewable energy generated by the HVAC system can be fed back into the grid. Net metering allows for energy credits, reducing overall electricity costs and promoting a more sustainable energy ecosystem.
Case Studies: Successful Renewable Energy Integration in HVAC Systems
Examining real-world examples of successful renewable energy integration in HVAC systems can provide valuable insights and inspiration. Here are a few case studies:
1. Solar-Powered HVAC System for a Commercial Building
In this case study, a commercial building integrated a solar power system to meet a significant portion of its HVAC energy needs. The solar panels were strategically placed on the building's rooftop to maximize energy production. An intelligent control system was implemented to balance the HVAC load and optimize solar energy utilization. The system achieved significant energy cost savings and reduced carbon emissions.
2. Geothermal Heat Pump Integration in Residential HVAC
In this residential case study, a geothermal heat pump was integrated into the HVAC system. The heat pump utilized the stable temperature of the ground to provide heating and cooling. The system was designed to take advantage of the renewable energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and achieving energy cost savings. Smart controls and zoning strategies further enhanced system efficiency and comfort.
Conclusion
The integration of renewable energy sources in HVAC systems presents a tremendous opportunity to enhance sustainability, reduce environmental impact, and achieve long-term energy cost savings. By addressing challenges such as system design, integration complexity, and variability of renewable energy, and implementing strategies like energy auditing, smart energy management, and energy storage, successful integration can be achieved. Case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of renewable energy integration in both commercial and residential settings. As the world continues its transition to a greener future, the integration of renewable energy in HVAC systems will play a vital role in creating more sustainable and energy-efficient buildings.
Energy-efficient HVAC system design principles and considerations
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text:
Porosity Analysis in Porous Brass Using Dual Approaches
- 1 North Carolina A&T State University, United States
Copyright: © 2020 Ryan Yeargin, Rob Ramey and Cindy Waters. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
The goal of this research is to produce porous samples for various applications such as heat exchangers, filters and radiation shields. The level of porosity is an important objective yet the level of confidence in two main methods (hand calculations and microscopic analysis) is not high. This work will compare porosity values obtained from traditional hand calculations against analysis from microscopic imaging. Brass powder was mixed with sodium chloride (NaCl) and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) to create porous brass to examine the different levels of porosity in the porous brass. Porous brass was fabricated by powder metallurgy using the dissolution sintering technique by mixing brass with NaCl to obtain the volume ratios of 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5 and 1:2 brass to sodium chloride. The expected porosities are as follows: 1:0.5-33, 1:1-50, 1:1.5-60 and 1:2-67%. In order to create a mixture of the desired volume ratios the respective density of each component must be factored into an equation to determine the measured mass for mixing. The NaCl was leached away for 2 hours in 90°C water after sintering. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to confirm the morphology of the porous brass. It was also used to observe the particle size while viewing the particle's shape and surface appearance. SEM imaging showed a hierarchical bimodal structure existing of macropores and micropores throughout all samples. The porous samples were polished and their micro pore morphology was captured at three different levels.
- 856 Views
- 1,487 Downloads
- 0 Citations


text:
Provided by: libacl1-dev_2.2.49-2_i386
acl_from_text - create an ACL from text
Linux Access Control Lists library (libacl, -lacl).
acl_from_text(const char *buf_p);
The acl_from_text() function converts the text form of the ACL referred
to by buf_p into the internal form of an ACL and returns a pointer to the
working storage that contains the ACL. The acl_from_text() function
accepts as input the long text form and short text form of an ACL as
described in acl(5).
This function may cause memory to be allocated. The caller should free
any releasable memory, when the new ACL is no longer required, by calling
acl_free(3) with the (void*)acl_t returned by acl_from_text() as an
On success, this function returns a pointer to the working storage. On
error, a value of (acl_t)NULL is returned, and errno is set
If any of the following conditions occur, the acl_from_text() function
returns a value of (acl_t)NULL and sets errno to the corresponding value:
[EINVAL] The argument buf_p cannot be translated into an ACL.
[ENOMEM] The acl_t to be returned requires more memory than is
allowed by the hardware or system-imposed memory
IEEE Std 1003.1e draft 17 ("POSIX.1e", abandoned)
acl_free(3), acl_get_entry(3), acl(5)
Derived from the FreeBSD manual pages written by Robert N M Watson
〈_EMAIL_〉, and adapted for Linux by Andreas Gruenbacher


Using select and update together
I dont know if this is possible but thought why not ask around and see what answers are given. Using SQL 2005 or MySql does not matter which. What i would like to do is as follows:
I have a table with 3 fields, field 1 is known IMB code (varchar(45)), field 2 is success (int), field 3 is trayID (int).
When this would be it would obtain a string, then using this string it would search the database, when it found a match it would set success to a 1 for that row, and would retreive the value in field 3.
So it would be the equivalent of these two statements but it would be run as one statement
update table1 set success = 1 where IMB = {this}
Select from table1 trayid where IMB = {this}
so is there a way to combine these two transact statements into one so that it would update the database and select the trayid in the same transact?
If so how would this be done?
Thanks and have a great day.
In SQL Server, MERGE statement should be able to do what you are trying to do, but that is available only in SQL 2008 or later.
An alternative would be to use a trigger and have the select statement in the trigger. (I hate me for even suggesting this though)
If your desire to do it in a single statement is because of concerns about atomicity, there are ways to manage that even if you are using two separate statements.
Being as i am fairly new to the SQL world and well dont have a lot of exerience most of self taught or by reading what others write and trying it. would you mind terrible of giving me an example of how i would do this in a merge and how i would do this in a trigger. I have found out that the mysql that they may end up using on this project does indeed have the merge command. as of this writing though they are not looking to spend the money to upgrade MS Sql. But who knows anything can change at any time.
Actually, I have to apologize. I had a brain-freeze (too early in the morning, before coffee). What you want to use is OUTPUT clause, and that is available in SQL 2005 as well. Here is how you would do it.
DECLARE @str VARCHAR(45) = 'SomeIMBCode';
UPDATE YourTable SET success = 1 OUTPUT INSERTED.* WHERE IMBCode = @str;
The additional things beyond the normal update is the "OUTPUT INSERTED.*". Give it a try, and reply back if that does not do what you are looking for.
I dont see where in this statement you are referencing the value that is in the trayID column.
You see when the IMBCode = @str then i want to update the column success to a 1 and read back or select the trayID from that row. Here would be an example of the data
row IMB success tray
1 123456 0 1
2 234552 0 2
3 564565 0 3
4 234545 0 4
Now if i ran the query against this table and had an @str value of 66565 it would update the row 3 by setting success to a 1 and returning back a value of 3
If i ran a query again this with a value of @str of 234552 it would update row 2 setting success to a 1 and returning a trayid value of 2
Must be the coffee kicking in. lol
I assume that is a typo, and you really meant "@strvalue of 564565". If that is the case, the query that I posted earlier is meant to do exactly what you described. If you want only the traid column change the INSERTED.* to INSERTED.trayid
Thank you James K The query works quite well and does exactly as expected. :+1:


text:
Modelling of hydrogen assisted stress corrosion cracking
2017-02-28T04:20:06Z (GMT) by
Modelling of hydrogen assisted stress corrosion cracking (HASCC) within the framework of mechanics is very important for its control and avoidance. The main focus of this study is to develop suitable approach for modelling and analysis of stable crack growth through high strength steels under HASCC. A new strategy based on combined analytical/numerical solution and finite element based cohesive zone model (CZM) has been developed. This has helped to couple analysis of hydrogen diffusion and crack growth during HASCC. The strategy has been applied to study crack growth in compact tension (CT) specimens. The solution to diffusion process is obtained through either an analytical or a numerical solution to the governing differential equation. The crack growth is analysed by CZM. For the analytical solution, both one- and two-dimensional approximations of the domain have been considered. The new CZM strategy, termed as hydrogen concentration dependent cohesive zone model (HCD-CZM), has been used for both CT and circumferentially notched tensile (CNT) round specimens. The CNT specimen has been employed for the first time to obtain the fracture toughness data of high strength steel under internal and external supply of hydrogen. The experimental scheme involving CNT specimen under slow strain rate loading is demonstrated as a valid experimental procedure for study of HASCC for high strength steels. Both types of HASCC, internal hydrogen assisted cracking (IHAC) and hydrogen environment assisted cracking (HEAC), are found to induce a proportionate drop in fracture toughness under higher hydrogen concentration near the crack tip. The experimentally obtained lowest fracture toughness data compare favourably with lower range of published threshold values for the similar material. The experimental average crack growth rates too agree with the reported data for the material. For CT specimens, both schemes of analysis of diffusion, excluding or including the effect of hydrostatic stress and plastic strain, predict variation of crack opening displacement with crack growth with good accuracy. Diffusion solution based on one- and two-dimensional analyses do not significantly alter the prediction of crack growth. The effect of hydrostatic stress on the distribution of hydrogen concentration is observed to be significant as long as plastic strain is less than 5%. The study has given rise to an important correlation between hydrogen concentration dependent strength reduction and plastic strain rate. A new modelling technique is presented for the CNT specimen with eccentrically placed ligament using two-dimensional finite element approximations; this has considerably simplified analysis of the problem which otherwise would require a three-dimensional solution. For CNT specimens, the HCD-CZM approach employing both analytical and finite difference based diffusion solutions predicted the critical fracture toughness in agreement with experimental results. In this case too, the inclusion of hydrostatic stress in the diffusion analysis has been found to have not so significant influence on the prediction of experimental observations. The K-resistance curve obtained for the case is included. The proposed HCD-CZM has been found to satisfactorily handle variation in specimen geometry, material and source of hydrogen supply. The thesis is divided into six chapters dealing sequentially with introduction, literature review, experiments with CNT specimen, analysis of CT specimens, modelling of CNT specimens and conclusions. Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India and Monash University, Australia.


text: Secrets of the Druids The Romans Attack The Druids were not the gentle pagans they are often portrayed as. But did they carry out human sacrifice? Remarkable new archaeological evidence is unearthed that reveals the truth about Druid sacrifice and tells the dramatic story of the Druids' bloody last stand against Rome's conquering legions. Here is a reenactment of a Roman attacking a druid in Anglesey. Anglesey Druids In 54 BC, fresh from conquering Gaul, Julius Caesar lands on the Kentish coast at the head of his battle-hardened legions, the first Romans in Britain. He writes dispatches back to Rome, describing an island dominated by powerful shaman priests who lead their people in gruesome spectacles of human sacrifice. In one ritual, he portrays Druids herding prisoners into wicker cages shaped like giant men, and watch them burn alive. Uncovering the Truth Deep in Britain's peat bogs reveal a vivid and chilling new picture of the Druids and the world of the ancient Celts. A mass grave in northern France with hundreds of carefully stacked headless bodies and evidence of ritual sacrifice. Here a Roman with a torch in Anglesey. Iron Age Round-House The Druids were not the gentle pagans they are often portrayed as, but did they carry out human sacrifice? Evidence discovered at an Essex grave shows that Druids may have taken part in human sacrificial rituals. Skull Veneration On the gatepost in Ribemont, a skull is shown. A mass grave in northern France with hundreds of carefully stacked headless bodies, and evidence of ritual sacrifice. The remains of 150 bodies discovered by potholers in a cave near Bristol, that reveal not just mass human sacrifice, but even ritual cannibalism. Celtic Warrior Remarkable new archaeological evidence is unearthed that reveals the truth about Druid sacrifice and tells the dramatic story of the Druids' bloody last stand against Rome's conquering legions. Iron Age ossuary A reconstruction of an Iron Age ossuary built out of human bones in Ribemont, northern France. Sacred Groves The truth is revealed about the Druid and their powerful hold over the Celtic Britons, their role as revered medicine men, judges, fortune tellers and priests. Also, why the Roman conquerors were so determined to wipe them out as they became the center of British resistance against the Roman onslaught is unveiled. 1 comments Get Livefyre FAQ Sign in + Follow Post comment Link Newest | Oldest Scott Whitaker 5pts I want to watch this in the worst way. I will buy the dvd if it is available!


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Province of Corrientes
This national parks has its origin in
a donation by Dr. Troels M. Pedersen who gave his estancia to the National
Parks Administration. The 15,060 ha are in the NW of the province of Corrientes,
on the northern shores of the system of marshes of the Iberá system.
The park is large enough to
contain representative samples of the major habitats of that part of the
province, all in an exceptionally good state of conservation, providing
thus habitat for the varied fauna of the area. Here there is a remarkably
varied Biodiversity due to the fact that three major biomes are present:
the chaco, espinal and paranaense rainforests.
The eastern reaches of the chaco are here represented by a mosaic of forest
patches, palm groves, grassland and marshes. The two most characteristic
trees are the two quebrachos (red and white), urunday and viraró.
In the lower land Prosopis alagarrobo trees grow with Celtis and Copernicia,
The paranaense rainforest here is represented by patches of alecrín,
pindó palms, the giant cane (Guadua angustifolia) and laurels.
The espinal is represented by dry woods, Syagrus Yatay palm groves, grassland
steppe and shallow marsh.
Amongst the endangered fauna one can find the manned wolf, the paraná
otter and the two species of cayman - latirostris and yacare. Howler monkeys
are common in the forests and even around the headquarters - the old estancia
In the Santa Lucía marshes on the southern border of the park there
is a varied fauna of fish species with the dorado, giant surubí
catfish, Loricaria armoured catfish and others.
HOW TO GET
The road through
the park is the east-west route 84 which joins the localities of Palma
Grande and Mburucuyá. The park is some 150 km from the city of
Corrientes and access from here is along routes 12, 17 and 13 to Mburucuyá.
TO THE VISITOR
There is an area
for rough camping. A nature trail leaves from nearby, the Yatay trail
through different habitats in the park - woods, palm groves, grassland
Thanks to APN - Administración
de Parques Nacionales


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A program aimed at improving access to health care by increasing the number of Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) is showing positive results in a report recently presented to Congress. Memorial Hermann-Texas Medical Center (TMC) is one of only five institutions nationwide chosen to participate in the Graduate Nurse Education (GNE) Demonstration.
The purpose of the Demonstration is to increase the number of APRNs by funding their clinical training. APRNs improve access to care and reduce healthcare costs by providing primary care, preventive care, transitional care, chronic care management, and other services.
Historically, many hospitals and healthcare institutions have been limited in their ability to provide clinical training due to cost, which consequentially affected APRN enrollment, according to The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Under the GNE Demonstration, CMS provided training reimbursement to the five participating hospitals that were required to partner with accredited schools of nursing and non-hospital community-based care settings, ensuring students also received training in underserved areas of the country where access to care is especially critical.
"Working with APRN students over the last several years has helped our office see their value as an essential aspect of primary care moving forward," said Dr. Peter Jung, pediatrician at Blue Fish Pediatrics affiliated with Memorial Hermann Health System. "APRNs offer a desirable combination of clinical experience, seasoned bedside manner, and practical fund of knowledge which translates into high quality care for patients."
Memorial Hermann-TMC has far exceeded its initial goal of graduating an additional 400 APRNs in four years. As of August 2016, the Demonstration had graduated 1,695 APRNs of which 98 percent are currently employed in community care settings, offering skilled, high-quality care in areas that need it most. In addition, enrollments in APRN programs at GNE schools have seen a 180 percent increase in enrollment since the beginning of the Demonstration.
"The Demonstration Project has far exceeded its goals and expectations and our participation in this innovative program is not only having a positive impact on our community, it is providing lasting benefits for hundreds of nursing students," said Lori Hull-Grommesh, Director of the Texas Gulf Coast Graduate Nurse Education Demonstration at Memorial Hermann-TMC.
Memorial Hermann-TMC partnered with Prairie View A&M University College of Nursing, Texas Woman's University-Houston College of Nursing, University of Texas Medical Branch-Galveston School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Nursing, physician groups, hospitals, community care clinics, Federally Qualified Health Centers and Gateway to Care to accomplish the Demonstration goals set forth by CMS.
"My experience with the GNE has been amazing and the program is truly beneficial to both students and patients. The GNE aids in increasing the number of highly qualified nurse practitioners, which in turn increases access to care for thousands of patients in our community," said Raymond Donato, APRN, adult-gerontology nurse practitioner.
As the Demonstration has been extended to a sixth and final year, a main focus is on the sustainability efforts of the Demonstration with the goal to continue to provide funding for APRN clinical training. Learn more about the Texas Gulf Coast Graduate Nurse Education Demonstration.


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And here's what my Gparted says about my clone SD (it should be identical to the internal SD, except for the bottom unallocated space):
Which version of gparted are you using? Mine is 0.9.1, ran under Fedore 15. The differences are that it does reports ext4 for 3 partitions (as Kobo's "mount" command), but it agrees with you on /data being ext2, and KOVOBOX being fat32. Why on earth are they using fat32 on the internal SD card? WHat advantage can it have compared to ext* file systems, given that it is Linux?


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Sonoran Pronghorn to be reestablished in Southwestern Arizona
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) is reestablishing the Sonoran pronghorn, a federally listed endangered mammal, in its historical habitat in King Valley, Kofa National Wildlife Refuge, in Yuma County, and the Barry M. Goldwater Range-- East, Maricopa County, in southwestern Arizona.
They are reestablishing the Sonoran pronghorn under section 10(j) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, and classifying that reestablished population as a nonessential experimental population (NEP). The NEP is located in southwestern Arizona in an area north of Interstate 8 and south of Interstate 10, bounded by the Colorado River on the west and Interstate 10 on the east; and an area south of Interstate 8, bounded by Highway 85 on the west, Interstates 10 and 19 on the east, and the United States-Mexico border on the south.
This action is one of the recovery actions that the Service, Federal and State agencies, and other partners are conducting throughout the historical range of the species. This final rule establishes the NEP and provides for limited allowable legal taking of Sonoran pronghorn within the defined NEP area. An Environmental Assessment and Finding of No Significant Impact have been prepared for this action.
The effective date of this rule is June 6, 2011.
Click here to read the complete Federal Register Notice.
- Hits: 3934


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EVA Report for 24Jan2018
Author: Oscar Ojeda
Purpose of EVA: Usage of rovers for battery discharge, aerial mapping of terrain, testing of mid-range EVA protocols, testing of the Guache I Rover, Collection of possible halophile samples.
Destination: Intersection of Quarry Road and Cow Dung Road
Coordinates: 518400 E, _PHONE_ N
Participants: Atila, Danton, David and Oscar
Narrative: One successful EVA was undertaken on this day. A crew of 4 departed the habitat at 11:35, aiming for the two main goals of discharging the rover's battery and to keep testing the different projects. After taking Cow Dung Rd for about 30 minutes, the crew arrived at Quarry Road, where several aerial shots were taken, testing the 3D mapping software, as well as a first field run of the Guache I rover. On the way back, the crew stopped on two more locations to perform the same activities, taking aerial footage, and testing the Guache I rover performance over different types of terrain. The expedition never left the main road for more than 20 meters. No halophile samples were taken, because no relevant sites were found during the expedition. The batteries of the rovers were discharged, and in particular, opportunity dropped to 55% during the traverse. The crew entered the airlock at 13:55 and finished the EVA.
No incident or anomaly was sustained during the EVA.


System Variables
System Variables
Advantage SQL Engine
 Previous topic Next topic
The Advantage Query Engine maintains two categories of system variables. The first category of system variable returns information about the current user connection or information about the current query handle. These variables are prefixed with the :: (double colons) followed by either "conn." or "stmt.", short hand for connection or statement (query handle) respectively. The second category of system variables are maintained by the SQL Script Execution Engine for the purpose of error handling. These variables are denoted by the double underscore-characters, "__", leading the variable name.

Server Level Variables

Variable Name
Description
::server.OldestActiveTxn
Timestamp. Returns the starting time of the oldest active transaction on the server. NULL is returned if there is no transaction active on the server.

Connection Level Variables

Variable Name
Description
::conn.Name
Character string. Returns the name of the current user connection. The connection name is unique for each connection and it is used by the SQL debugger.
::conn.Collation
Character String. Default collation for statements allocated on the current connection. This variable is settable. See SET <system variable>.
::conn.TransactionCount
Integer. Returns the nesting depth of the current transaction or 0 if one has not been started.
::conn.OperationCount
Integer. Returns the number of operations performed by the server for this connection.

Statement Level Variables

Variable Name
Description
::stmt.Name
Character string. Returns the name of the current query handle. The statement name is unique for each query handle and it stays unchanged as long as the query handle is valid regardless the number of individual statements executed on the query handle. This variable is used by the SQL debugger.
::stmt.UpdateCount
Returns the number of rows affected since the beginning of the current execution.
::stmt.TrigRecNo
Integer. Returns the record number of the row that led to the firing of the trigger. This variable is only meaningful when accessed inside a trigger script.
::stmt.TrigRowid
Char(18). Returns the ROWID of the row that led to the firing of the trigger. This variable is only meaningful when accessed inside a trigger script. ROWID is similar to record number but it is more useful in SQL statements and scripts.
::stmt.TrigName
Character String. Returns the name of the trigger object being fired. This variable is only meaningful when accessed inside of a trigger script.
::stmt.TrigTableName
Character String. Returns the name of the table object that is being updated and caused the trigger to fire. This variable is only meaningful when accessed inside of a trigger script.
::stmt.TrigEventType
Integer. Returns the type of event that led to the firing of the trigger. This variable is only meaningful when accessed inside of a trigger script. See CREATE TRIGGER.
::stmt.TrigType
Integer. Returns the type of trigger being fired. This variable is only meaningful when accessed inside of a trigger script. See CREATE TRIGGER.
::stmt.Collation
Character String. Collation language for sorting and comparing character data when executing SQL statements on this statement handle. This variable is settable. See SET <system variable>.

Script Error Handling Variables
The variables in this category are __errclass (String), __errcode (Integer), and __errtext (String). These three variables provide information about an exception in the script, either a raised exception or a runtime error. They are local to the current executing SQL script. They cannot be assigned values directly using assignment statements. Instead, their values are initialized when a RAISE statement is executed or when a runtime error is detected. If the exception originates from a RAISE statement, these three variables will be assigned the values provided by the RAISE statement. If the exception is caused by a runtime error, the __errclass variable will be initialized with string value "ADS_SCRIPT_EXCEPTION" and the __errcode and __errtext variables will contain the error code and error text that will be returned to the caller if the exception is not handled.


What is Example On Y, H And Transmission Parameters
The z parameters of a 2-port network are as follows:
 z11 = 5Ω, z12 = z21 = 2Ω, z22 = 1Ω
Determine the y, h and transmission parameters.
SOLUTION
The defining equations of the z parameters are
 V1 = z11I1 + z12I2
 V2 = z21I1 + z22I2
 V1 = 5I1 + 2I2 …Eq.a
 V2 = 2I1 + I2 …Eq.b
We shall rearrange these equations in the form of the defining equations of the parameters to be determined.
Determination of y parameters
To eliminate I2, let us multiply Eq. b by 2 and subtract it from Eq. a
 V1 – 2V2 = I2
Or I1 = V1 – 2V2 …Eq.c
Also I1 = y11V1 + y12V2 …Eq.d
Comparison of Eq. c with Eq. d gives
 y11 = 1S, y12 = −2S
To eliminate I1, we multiply Eq. a by 2 and Eq. b by 5 and subtract
 2V1 – 5V2 = –I2
Or I2 = –2V1 + 5V2 … Eq.e
Also, I2 = y21V1 + y22V2
Comparison of Eq. e with Eq. d gives
 y21 = –2S, y22 = 5S
Determination of h parameters
Eq. c may be written as
 V1 = I1 + 2V2 …Eq.f
Also, V1 = h11I1 + h12V2 …Eq.g
Comparison of Eq. f with Eq. g gives
 H11 = 1, h12 = 2
Eq. b can be rearranged as
 I2 = –2I1 + V2 ...Eq.h
Also I2 = h21I1 + h22V2 …Eq.i
Comparison of Eqs .h and Eq.i gives
 h21 = −2, h22 = 1
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Egypt New Updated Transfer Pricing (TP) Guidelines
Egyptian Ministry of finance has issued new decree 547 dated October 21, 2018 including the new updated transfer pricing guidelines which replaces the old guidelines issued in 2010.
The new guidelines will be the base for Egyptian Tax Authority (ETA) to rely when assessing the arm's length of financial or controlled commercial transactions which occur between associated enterprises (any person related to a taxpayer in a way that affects the determination of the tax base). These transactions can include, but not limited to:
- Exchange of commodities or services.
- Group cost allocation.
- Other financial or commercial activities.
It is worth to be mentioned that it is not allowed not to follow the new transfer pricing guidelines unless it was requested by the taxpayer and accepted by the head of the ETA.
After Egypt became associate member of Base Erosion & Profit Shifting (BEPS), certain amendments in Egyptian tax legislation were supposed to follow in order to match with the new BEPS four minimum standards of actions including Action 5 (Harmful Tax Practices), Action 6 (Treaty Abuse), Action 13 (Country by Country Reporting) and Action 14 (Dispute Resolution).
Accordingly, the new transfer pricing guidelines were issued to cover the BEPS four minimum actions requirements.
The new guidelines to reflect changes made in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) as a main source to rely on and to facilitate the implementation of BEPS actions specially Country by Country Reporting CbCR.
Three-tiered TP documentation:
- Introducing three-tiered level of transfer pricing reports for transparency to include Master File, for the ultimate holding company of the group, Local File for each subsidiary in the group and CbCR to be submitted in the specific deadline.
- Threshold for Egyptian group who has equal or more than EGP 3 billion (Euro 144 million) of consolidated revenue where the holding company/individual is inside Egypt will be required to maintain the filing for CbCR.
- Threshold for Egyptian group who has equal or more than Euro 750 million of consolidated revenue where the holding company/individual is outside Egypt will be required to maintain the filing for CbCR.
TP Documentation Deadline:
1. It is now mandatory to file the above mentioned three tiered reports within the following deadlines:
– Master file: Will depend on the country of the ultimate parent deadline submission. This has to be available to ETA when needed if the ultimate parent is in Egypt.
– Local file: Two months following the submission of the tax return deadline.
– CbCR: During one year after the concerned financial year end.
2. The above-mentioned changes are to be followed and applied starting from financial year end of December 31, 2018.
- All comparability analysis and benchmarking can be made every three years unless there was a change in the group functions or business that may need to maintain new comparability analysis and benchmarking before three years.
- Comparable figures included in the comparability analysis need to be within local market and if not available then it can be within the geographic region (Middle East). In case no comparability figures within the region then global comparable figure can be relied on
Advance Pricing Agreement (APA)
- Advance Pricing Agreements were introduced in the new transfer pricing guidelines update, this provide the taxpayer probability to agree in advance with ETA about his prices with associated enterprises in order to facilitate and save efforts, cost and reduce risk.
- There are many APA types as per the new TP guidelines which was derived from the OECD as a main reference.
- This APA is to be used and applied for some taxpayers who have unique complex TP issues.
- With regard to APA request, specific steps and procedures with documents were introduced to be followed.
- Specific forms were also presented to be used for APA official request.
- ETA has the right to accept or reject or adjust the scope of the submitted APA official request.
- As per article 129 of income tax law 91/2005, if the taxpayer complies with the law, it is supposed that the burden will be on the ETA side. However, according to article 90 and 130 of income tax law, if the taxpayer fails to comply with the above-mentioned TP requirements, especially when not submitting the data and documents supporting the tax return or submitting incorrect, inaccurate and inadequate documents will result in serious consequences for the taxpayer.
- The consequences of not submitting the TP requirements shall expose the taxpayer to let the ETA have the chance to estimate prices between associated enterprises and adjust these prices to asses additional taxes for Egyptian taxpayers.
- It is also assumed that the ETA will review TP documentation submitted by the taxpayer and may adjust prices from its own perspective.
- In all cases, if ETA will adjust prices, this will result late payment interest and delay fines as follows:
* As per article 110 of income tax law, annual credit interest rate plus 2% for every year late, effectively it can reach around 19% for 2018 only per year.
* As per article 87 BIS, progressive delay fines can be calculated as follows:
– 5% of the tax payable on the non-included amount if such amount is equivalent to 10% up to 20% of the legally payable tax;
– 15% of the tax payable on the non-included amount if such amount is equivalent to more than 20% up to 50% of the legally payable tax; and
– 40% of the tax payable on the non-included amount if such amount is equivalent to more than 50% of the legally payable tax.
5. If not providing the TP documents needed, then, as per article 135 of income tax law, taxpayer will be entitled to a fine between EGP 20,000 and EGP 50,000.
6. In addition, transfer pricing risk can be also triggered for Value Added Tax (VAT) purposes as it is stated in article 10 and article 54 of VAT law that transactions between associated enterprises should occur with similar prices compared to those transactions with non – associated enterprises. In addition, transactions between associated enterprises shall be disregarded in case it was made for tax avoidance by any mean.
Associated risk in this regard shall include:
– Payment of VAT differences plus late payment interest.
– Late payment interest shall be 1.5% for every month late.
– In case it is viewed as a tax evasion, then criminal act consideration and the minimum punishment is three to five years in prison along with fixed fine whichever or both. Compromise with ETA may be accepted and will expose to pay additional 50% of the original unpaid tax.
Responsibility and Commitment:
Andersen Tax & Legal Egypt's tax team has prepared this summarized tax report to introduce Egypt's new updated Transfer Pricing guidelines of 2018. Efforts have been combined to produce this report with clear and accurate content however this report aims only to spread general information and should not be treated as a legal document or a document that can be used for decision making, or for issuing specialized consultations. Please contact Andersen Tax & Legal Egypt for tailor made solutions.


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on the effects of activities on such processes and on the extent to which they are applying these Principles.
2. In reviewing and improving their laws, policies, strategies and arrangements, States and regional economic integration organisations will, in conjunction with the PBI and network at the appropriate level, consider:
(a) the impact of their activities on Earth-system processes that are necessary for ensuring a safe operating space for humanity, and
(b) how they can ensure that their activities do not exceed their fair share of that safe operating space.


60 Words That Lead to America's Longest War
Consider this sentence-60 Words.
That sentence is what the United States used to justify its involvement in its longest ever war.
Where did that language come from, who wrote it and why did Congress go along?
RadioLab examines that in it's award-winning examination "60 Words." The Peabody Awards jurors wrote:
60 Words tells the fascinating story of how one 60-word sentence, pieced together in the fraught aftermath of 9/11, became the distinguishing legal marker between war and peace in the United States. Tracing the evolution of the "AUMF" – or "the authorization to use military force" – the program combines recreations, analysis and interviews to chronicle the phrase's inception, the frenzied discussions over its viability, the pressured congressional voting that ushered it into existence, and its contemporary implications. Together it weaves a riveting patchwork of legal intrigue, political strategizing, moral handwringing and linguistic nuance that has since been used to authorize and justify the Iraq war, the "War on Terror" and other conflicts. A collaborative effort between Radiolab and BuzzFeed, the program is radio at its finest, using sound to artfully recreate the context by which legal and political circles came to authorize the language that would repeatedly permit America's entry into military conflict.
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