Vancouver Referencing Generator
Origins of Vancouver referencing
Vancouver referencing is also known as an author-number referencing system. Vancouver referencing is very popular among scientific journals. Foundation of Vancouver citation style came into the picture in 1978. Editors from various medical journals ICMJE met in Vancouver, BC, Canada to agree on a unified set of requirements for articles of such journals.
Types of Vancouver citation
Labeling citations in Vancouver referencing style is different in various universities. In the case of the Vancouver referencing style, a reference list will be there which will follow the numbering system. For example, if there are 5 references in an article then all these five citations will be there in a numbering approach like 1,2,3,4 and 5. Universities from across the globe use different styles for presenting each reference. In some cases, universities follow the first bracket concept in which numbers against one reference will be there in a first bracket for example (1), (2), (3), and so on. Other universities follow the square bracket labeling concept as [1], [2], [3], and so on.
The Superscript labeling technique is also followed in various universities in which numbers against each reference present as superscript. 1,2,3 is an example of the Vancouver referencing style which follows the superscript labeling technique. The combination of superscript and square brackets is another technique that comes under the Vancouver referencing style followed in various universities across the globe.[1], [2], [3] is an example of the combination of superscript and square brackets technique. Some of the key features of Vancouver citation are as follows.
 - Intext citation always comes at the end of a sentence
 - If the author is following the superscript technique of Vancouver referencing style then he or she must follow the footnote approach. In the footnotes approach, articles used in the writing are presented on the same page in the footer section.
 - There are some similarities between IEEE referencing style and Vancouver referencing style, however, Vancouver referencing style has several sub-divisions.
Vancouver Reference Generator
Students face a real problem when it comes to generating Vancouver references. In all the public sources or scholar, Vancouver citations are not available. Google Scholar, JSTOR, Research gate are some of the major portals that offer academic sources to the public. In other words, students who are planning to take research articles for these portals won't be able to generate references in Vancouver style. My Assignment Tutors works as a Vancouver referencing generator. We have done a lot of assignments on the Vancouver referencing style. We have a lot of experts on the floor who are well aware of the Vancouver referencing style and have provided solutions on this referencing style for the last few years. We use a customized reference generating tool for getting references for articles in the Vancouver referencing style. Even if we don't get access to the Vancouver reference generator all our experts are capable of making references in Vancouver style manually.
Usage of the Vancouver Reference Style
Vancouver referencing is that as popular as Harvard, APA, and MLA. Most universities located in Canada suggest students make their assignments on the Vancouver referencing style. There are some criteria for this Vancouver referencing style. Most engineering papers follow the Vancouver referencing style. While comparing this Vancouver referencing style with other common referencing styles like Harvard and APA, then no significant difference will be there. Both referencing styles carry the same weightage in terms of proving the authenticity of the original work. Below section, an example of Vancouver citation given. The example includes a reference list and intext citation.
Vancouver Citation Example
Reference list example
 - [1] Kannan, P.K., 2017. Digital marketing: A framework, review, and research agenda. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 34(1), pp.22-45.
 - [2] Saura, J.R., Palos-Sánchez, P. and Cerdá Suárez, L.M., 2017. Understanding the digital marketing environment with KPIs and web analytics. Future Internet, 9(4), p.76.
Intext example
Digital marketing is the most emerging marketing strategy implemented by organizations to attract a wide range of customers through the internet medium [1]. Through the implementation of digital marketing techniques, organizations get full advantage of using the internet and web analytics [2].
In the above example, the square bracket labeling technique of the Vancouver referencing style used. In the writing part, there are two sentences, the first sentence obtained from the first article as a result citation made as [1]. Eventually, the second article's content was used for writing the second sentence of the phrase. By putting a closer look at the example of a reference list, anyone can see that that author's name and initials are there in the initial section of the reference. Then published year of that article presented. The article name and the portal in which the article currently available are the next two components of the citation. Then, the volume number and page number are the next major components of the citation in the Vancouver referencing style.
Types of sources used in references
In the academic context, journal articles, books, and newspaper articles are always known as academically reliable sources. However, in recent times several websites are there, which offer plenty of information about selected subjects. Several universities have considered websites as academically reliable sources. Using a website as a reference in Vancouver's referencing style is a bit different. In the case of citing any website, the name of the website will come in front then the year of publication will be there. then the URL of that article will be there in the website citation.
My Assignment Tutors takes the full responsibility of citing all sources in Vancouver referencing style. We have delivered a lot of assignments having the Vancouver reference website. This approach is also capable enough to ensure an impressive grade for students. We also do have a quality management team and format checking team. The quality management team is involved in taking care of content written in the solution. Associates of the quality management team go through the content and the cited references, then they check whether the cited references are original or it is fictitious. after checking the reliability of references, these solutions are forwarded to the format checking team. In the case of Vancouver referencing, the format checking team cross-check all the citations mentioned in the reference list with the Vancouver reference generator tool or not.
We are committed to students for helping them by doing assignments on their behalf. Universities across the globe allocate around 20% marks of the total assignment for the referencing and format. Students often face difficulties in the process of referencing their articles. We are helping students over the years in expanding helping hands by offering different referencing styles including Vancouver, IEEE, and OSCOLA.


Example: Modify a Tree model with EOL
var i := 0;
for (leaf in Tree.all.select(t|t.children.isEmpty())) {
 var child : new Tree;
 i := i+1;
 child.label := 'Added' + i;
 leaf.children.add(child);
}
Model.store(Model.modelFile + 'copy.model');
@namespace(uri="Tree", prefix="Tree")
package Tree;
class Tree {
 val Tree[*]#parent children;
 ref Tree#children parent;
 attr String label;
}
Clone Epsilon's Git repository:
 - navigate to trunk/examples
 - import the org.eclipse.epsilon.examples.metamodels project
 - import the org.eclipse.epsilon.examples.modelmodification project
Once you have checked out/imported the code, to run the example you need to go through the following steps:
 1. register all .ecore metamodels in the org.eclipse.epsilon.examples.metamodels project (select all of them and then right click and select Register EPackages)
 2. register any .ecore metamodels in the org.eclipse.epsilon.examples.modelmodification project
 3. right click the .launch file in the org.eclipse.epsilon.examples.modelmodification project
 4. select Run as... and click the first item in the menu that pops up
What's this?
In this example we use EOL to programmatically modify a model that conforms to a Tree metamodel and store the modified version as a new model.
What are .emf files?
.emf files are Ecore metamodels expressed using the Emfatic textual syntax.
More examples...
Epsilon Object Language
Epsilon Transformation Language
Epsilon Generation Language
Epsilon Validation Language
Epsilon Merging Language
Epsilon Flock
Combining the Epsilon Languages
EuGENia
EUnit
Even more examples...
More examples are available in the examples folder of the Git repository.


text:
the ocean, kelp would react to the turbulence created by ocean currents. The
tube attributes associated with many preset brushes have turbulence attributes
turned on for interesting visual effects. Turbulence attributes
can be increased from their default settings to make the kelp sway
back and forth, providing additional realism when used in an animation.
To increase the turbulence on the kelp
- In the scene view, select the kelp stroke.
- Open the Attribute Editor,
select the Kelp tab, and expand the Tubes
> Behavior > Turbulence section.
- In the Turbulence section,
set the options as follows:
Type: World Force
- Interpolation: Smooth
over Time and Space
- Click the Play Forward button on the
Animation Time Slider to see the turbulence effect on the kelp (You
don't need to set specific keyframes).
The kelp animates as
if it were affected by ocean currents.
- Press the Stop button to cancel the animation
You can adjust the turbulence
settings while viewing the playback. If the frame range is too short,
you can modify it to suit your needs.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
INDIA INFO: India - More Indian Musical Instruments
by V.A.Ponmelil (Feedback)
More Indian Musical Instruments
Chitra Veena / Gotu Vadhyam
The Chitraveena which is also referred to as the gotuvadhyam is one of the most exquisite instruments. It is a 21 stringed fretless lute similar to Vichitraveena.
It contains a flat top, two resonant chambers, and a hollow stem of wood. While the right hand plectrums pluck the strings, the left hand slides a piece of wood over the strings.
It is one of the oldest instruments of the world and the forerunner of the fretted Saraswati Veena.
The word Jaltarang means "waves in water". The jaltarang is an interesting ancient musical instrument consisting of a series of tuned bowls arranged in a semicircle around the performer.
The bowls are of different sizes and are tuned precisely to the pitches of various ragas by adding appropriate amounts of water. The instrument is played by striking the inside edge of the bowls with two small wooden sticks, one held in each hand.
Jal tarang is not very common and is normally found in the accompaniment of kathak dancers.
The Morsing is a tiny instrument which is held in the left hand, the prongs against the upper and lower front teeth.
The tongue, which protrudes from the mouth, is made of spring steel. This is plucked with the Index finger of the right hand (backwards, not forwards) while the tone and timbre are adjusted by changing the shape of the mouth cavity and moving the tongue. Further control of the sound can be achieved with the breath.
Like the mridangam, the morsing is tuned to the Shruti and fine tuning is achieved by placing small amounts of bee's wax on the end of the tongue.
The Shank is one of the ancient instruments of India. It is also referred to as the sushirvadya which is associated with religious functions.
In India it is considered very sacred. It is being regarded as one of the attributes of Lord Vishnu. Before using, the Shankh is drilled in such a way as to produce a hole at the base taking care that the natural hole is not disturbed. In Athar¬Veda, one finds reference to Shankh, though it existed long, before. In Bhagvad Gita, during the time of war, Shankh had played an important role. It also has different names like Panch Janya Shankh, Devadatt Shankh, Mahashan Ponder Shankh and more.
Even in Valmiki's Ramayna, the mention of a Shankh can be traced. In the temples, Shankh is played in the mornings and evenings during the prayers. In homes, it is played before the starting of havan, yagnopavit, marriage, etc.
The Kombu is a wind instrument or a kind of trumpet which is usually played along with the Panchavadyam or the Pandi Melam or the Panchari melam. This musical instrument is like a long horn and is usually seen in Kerala state of South India.
Travel Information on top destinations of India
Hill Stations of India

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Last Updated on 03/26/2014 by Kevin Lee
The new HTC One might not be the only smartphone to feature a dual-sensor camera. Apple Insider spotted a new Apple patent that suggests the company is looking into developing a dual-sensor camera, which splits capturing color from the actual exposure. While one sensor will specifically photograph colors in the scene another sensor focuses on luminance or the brightness data.
Together these two sensors would combine their data to produce a final image. From the sounds of it one of the camera's sensors would basically be monochromatic, which could help it see more shades of gray and different lighting details. Additionally the Apple patent says that the split design would allow for improved signal-to-noise ratio to improve image quality.
Despite the patent drawing depicts the camera on a MacBook, the patent also mentions this new arrangement could make the entire module thinner; allowing for slimmer bodied handsets such as the iPhone 6. It's an interesting concept that could help improve the quality of Apple's smartphone images even beyond iPhoneography. But for now the patent is just a patent, so we will have to wait and see if anything real comes out of it.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
About this tool
Wastewater discharges to surface waters from wastewater treatment facilities (WWTFs), although treated and within compliance of regulations, has the potential to contribute unregulated endocrine disrupting chemicals. A geospatial model for the Shenandoah River watershed was developed to visualize the typical contributions of treated effluent into Shenandoah River watershed streams using WWTF outfall locations and discharge data (average daily 2015 flows), the National Hydrologic Dataset Version 2 (NHDPlus V2, USGS and EPA 2012) stream network, and USGS streamgages.
For each river segment in the watershed, the model returns the estimated percent of wastewater present in the river (the percent of accumulated wastewater, ACCWW%) during mean-annual or mean-August (low flow) streamflow conditions and for two scenarios of wastewater discharge:
- Maximum facility-capacity permitted wastewater discharges (design flow)
- 2015 average-annual wastewater discharges
ACCWW% was calculated using Python scripting, NHDPlus network connectivity attributes, and the NHDPlus Enhanced Runoff Method modeled streamflow values available for every stream segment representing mean _PHONE_ flows. For each NHDPlus stream segment, the accumulated wastewater upstream was divided by the NHDPlus EROM modeled streamflow for the segment as follows:
ACCWW (%) = (sum of upstream wastewater inputs / Total streamflow for river segment)*100


text:
Thermorheological behavior of Alaska pollock (AP) and Pacific whiting (PW) surimi was evaluated during gelation at different moisture contents (80% to 95%). The temperature sweep data (storage modulus, G′, compared with temperature) for both surimi clearly indicated G′ minima. Unlike for the PW surimi, the minimum values of the AP sarimi was moisture-content dependent and there was a linear relationship between logarithm of concentration and reciprocal absolute temperature at gelation. The activation energy (Ea) for aggregation after gelation temperature at each moisture content was calculated by a nonisothermal kinetic model for both AP and PW Surimi. The Ea values increased with moisture content of the system and ranged from 172.8 to 232.9 kJ/mol. Based on the assumption that melting temperature for a thermo-reversible gel may be considered equivalent to gelation temperature for thermo-irreversible gels, an Arrhenius-type model was used to estimate the enthalpy of cross-links formation for AP surimi to be 300.3 kJ/mol.
|Journal||Journal of Food Science|
|Publication status||Published - 2004 Sep 1|
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Food Science


text:
A Content Access Code is packaged with some new Cengage textbooks, purchased at local bookstores, or purchased online. It lets you register your book and access the online materials. Your access code should be similar to PP8XLP3XD528HC
A course key is a 12 or 15-digit string of numbers and letters that identifies which course youre taking. Your instructor should provide this to you. Try locating your course key in your syllabus or on your instructors course web pages.
To register for CourseMate you must use the Access Code located on your Printed Access Card. Note that a CourseMate Course Key is registered directly from the CourseMate Home page, only after you have registered and launched your CourseMate product.
CourseMate Course Keys are not entered via CengageBrain. If your instructor provided a Course Key, open your CourseMate product. From the CourseMate Home page click the Enter Your Course Key button and enter your Course Key to enroll in your instructors course.Close
The sixth edition of WORLD REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY offers you a rich cultural and physical geographic understanding of the world's eight regions. In the text's "Profile" chapters, the author presents brief, thematic overviews for each of the eight regions. Subsequent regional chapters present traditional, current details on a local level, including geographical factors and in-depth observations. The art program offers many new and revised maps, as well as photos submitted by the author that depict cultural and geographic aspects of the world's eight regions. New and extensively revised thematic maps centered on topics like language, religion, and ethnicity allow you to make cultural and regional comparisons quickly. You have access to these maps electronically for further study and use in the classroom. Clearly outlined chapter objectives emphasize more thematic discussions in the subregional chapters as well as highlighted textual discussions. The author also ties in relevant historical geography to give you a context for current events and geopolitical issues in the world.
CengageBrain offers two types of free content:
The amount and type of free content available will depend on whether the book comes with a companion web site or CourseMate. To get started accessing your content, click the access now button. You can either access your content immediately or save it to My Home.


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Contents:
The cloud-based version of Trifacta Wrangler is now available! Read all about it, and register for your free account.
Contents:
Where possible, changes made in one dataset or recipe propagate to the datasets that consume it. Datasets that join, union, or lookup against your dataset are likely to be impacted if you delete columns or rows or otherwise change the data. In some cases, the recipes of these dependent datasets can break.
This section describes how to identify these dependency issues and includes general steps for fixing them.
How to Identify
Dependent datasets
When making edits to a recipe, you can verify if your changes potentially impact other recipes or reference datasets that rely on it. In the Transformer page, click the drop-down next to the current dataset's name to open the Recipe Navigator. Select the Flow View tab.
Tip: If your current dataset is connected to datasets to the right of it, those datasets are dependent on the current one. After you make changes to the current one, you should use the Recipe Navigator to open recipes and datasets that are connected to it and to the right of it in flow view.
See Recipe Navigator .
Broken data integrations
When you make some changes in an upstream recipe or dataset, the recipes for any downstream datasets can break, such that you cannot generate satisfactory results. In the downstream recipe, you may see errors in the Recipe panel, such as the following:
Figure: Dependency error in the Recipe panel
In the above, the column Day does not exist in the current dataset, which is causing problems in the last two recipe steps. These types of errors may be generated when a column in the upstream dataset has been dropped or renamed .
Steps:
 1. Open the object where the column was dropped:
 1. If the recipe or dataset is from the same flow, you can use the Recipe Navigator in the Transformer Page. See Recipe Navigator.
 2. If the recipe or dataset is in a different flow, use the Flows page to locate it (REF_CAL.txt in the above). See Flows Page.
 2. In the Flow View tab, open the dataset referenced in the error message.
 3. In the Recipe panel, locate the step where the column was removed.
 4. Fix the issue. Details are below.
Hidden breakages
If you make changes to specific values in a dataset, recipe steps in downstream datasets can break if they rely on detecting specific values. Depending on the usage, the step may not actually be broken, but the generated results are incorrect.
For example, a downstream dataset recipe includes the following step:
Transformation Name Filter rows when value is exactly
Parameter: Condition Is exactly
Parameter: Column company_name
Parameter: Value 'My Co.'
Parameter: Action Delete matching rows
If the company_name column is sourced from another dataset and the My Co. value is changed to My Company, the downstream dataset that includes this transform doesn't break in an easily noticeable way. The data is simply not removed from the dataset and any generated results.
Fixing Dependencies
When you locate a dependency issue in the upstream dataset, you can fix it using one of the following methods:
 1. Fix the issue in the source dataset. Verify that the change does not impact other datasets.
 NOTE: If you fix the issue in the source dataset, you should verify if any other downstream datasets are impacted by this change.
 2. Change the input dataset to use a dataset that is not broken.
 Tip: If you must freeze the data in the dataset that you are using as an input, you can create a copy of the dataset as a snapshot. See Dataset Details Page.
 To use the copy, repair or rebuild the integration using the copied version.
 3. Fix the issue in the dataset that depends on it. In this case, you must redefine the transformation that brings in the data.
Your Rating: Results: PatheticBadOKGoodOutstanding! 4 rates
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text:
walfisch-ikegami propagation model
- The Walfish–Ikegami model is an empirical propagation model for an urban area, which is especially applicable for micro cells but can also be used for macro cells.
- Model Parameters:
- The mean value for street widths (w) is given in meters and the road orientation angle (θ or φ) in degrees.
- The mean value for building heights (hroof) is an average over the calculation area and is given in meters.
- The mean value for building separation (b) is calculated from the center of one building to the center of another building and is also given in meters.
#Ref book: Wireless Communication and Networking – V.K. Garg & _URL_


text:
As far as I've seen, this expression is almost always used in relation to gene expression profiling. Unfortunately, I have no background in this area. Can someone please explain this in layman terms?
Although each cell of your body essentially contains the same DNA and the same genes, cells in different tissues express (turn on) different genes under different conditions. Measuring differential gene expression involves looking at the amount of expression for a gene (or set of genes) in two contrasting scenarios. The contrast could be across different times, different tissues, different conditions, different related species, etc.
When, you say a gene is "differentially expressed", this is very context-specific. The phrase means nothing by itself, and it is only useful in terms of the applicable contrast. For example, the statement "gene A is differentially expressed" is uninformative, while the statement "gene A is differentially expressed in liver and muscle tissue" is descriptive--it tells you that liver tissues and muscle tissues have a significantly different level of gene A products. Often the terms "up-regulated" and "down-regulated" are also used to provide additional detail. In the context of the previous example, the statement "gene A is up-regulated in muscle tissues" tells you that the level of gene A products is higher in muscle tissues than in liver tissues.


Benchmark
Benchmark harness.
Usage
var bench = require( '@stdlib/bench/harness' );
bench( name[, options][, benchmark] )
Queues a benchmark to be run during a subsequent turn of the event loop. After running the benchmark, the function outputs benchmark results as Test Anything Protocol (TAP) output.
bench( 'Math.sin', function benchmark( b ) {
 var x;
 var i;
 b.tic();
 for ( i = 0; i < b.iterations; i++ ) {
 x = Math.sin( Math.random() );
 if ( x !== x ) {
 b.fail( 'should not return NaN' );
 }
 }
 b.toc();
 if ( x !== x ) {
 b.fail( 'should not return NaN' );
 }
 b.pass( 'benchmark finished' );
 b.end();
});
A benchmark function has the following signature:
function benchmark( b ) {
 // Benchmark code...
}
where b is a Benchmark instance. Synchronous benchmarks should, at minimum, have the following structure:
function benchmark( b ) {
 var x;
 var i;
 // [1] Start timing:
 b.tic();
 // [2] Loop containing code to time...
 for ( i = 0; i < b.iterations; i++ ) {
 // [3] Code to time...
 // [4] A conditional verifying results to prevent certain compiler optimizations:
 if ( x !== x ) {
 b.fail( 'something went wrong!' );
 }
 }
 // [5] Stop timing:
 b.toc();
 // [6] Another conditional verifying results to prevent certain compiler optimizations:
 if ( x !== x ) {
 b.fail( 'something went wrong!' );
 }
 // [7] End the benchmark:
 b.end();
}
Asynchronous benchmarks should have a structure similar to the following:
function benchmark( b ) {
 var i = 0;
 // [1] Start timing:
 b.tic();
 // [2] Asynchronous code to time:
 return next();
 function next( error ) {
 if ( error ) {
 return b.fail( error.message );
 }
 i += 1;
 // [3] Exit condition:
 if ( i <= b.iterations ) {
 // Asynchronous task...
 return;
 }
 // [4] Stop timing:
 b.toc();
 // [5] End the benchmark:
 b.end();
 }
}
For both synchronous and asynchronous benchmarks, calling b.end() is mandatory, as failing to do so will cause the harness to hang. For example, the following benchmark will never complete.
function benchmark( b ) {
 var i;
 b.tic();
 for ( i = 0; i < b.iterations; i++ ) {
 // Synchronous task...
 }
 b.toc();
}
Avoid making assertions within timed code, as doing so will significantly affect raw performance numbers. For example, avoid the following:
function benchmark( b ) {
 var x;
 var i;
 b.tic();
 for ( i = 0; i < b.iterations; i++ ) {
 x = Math.sin( Math.random() );
 b.equal( x, x, 'does not return NaN' ); // Avoid doing this!
 }
 b.toc();
 b.equal( x, x, 'does not return NaN' ); // This is fine.
 b.end();
}
Additionally, ensure that all setup code executes before calling b.tic() and that all cleanup code executes after calling b.toc(). For example, avoid the following:
function benchmark( b ) {
 var x;
 var y;
 var i;
 // Start timing:
 b.tic();
 // Setup code:
 x = new Array( b.iterations ); // Should be before b.tic()!
 for ( i = 0; i < b.iterations; i++ ) {
 x[ i ] = Math.random();
 }
 // Code to be timed...
 for ( i = 0; i < b.iterations; i++ ) {
 y = Math.sin( x[ i ] );
 if ( y !== y ) {
 b.fail( 'should not return NaN' );
 }
 }
 // Verify results:
 b.equal( x, x, 'does not return NaN' ); // Should be after b.toc()!
 // Stop timing:
 b.toc();
 b.end();
}
The function accepts the following options:
 - iterations: number of iterations. If null, the number of iterations is determined by trying successive powers of 10 until the total time is at least 0.1 seconds. Default: null.
 - repeats: number of repeats. Default: 3.
 - timeout: number of milliseconds before a benchmark is considered failed. Exceeding a timeout does not, however, end the benchmark. Ending a long running benchmark requires manual intervention. Default: 300000 (5 minutes).
 - skip: boolean indicating whether to skip a benchmark.
By default, the harness will automatically determine an iteration number for each benchmark such that a benchmark runs for a length of time sufficient to accurately compute benchmark results. To require a specific number of iterations, set the iterations option.
var opts = {
 'iterations': 1e6
};
bench( 'require a specific number of iterations', opts, function benchmark( b ) {
 var i;
 b.tic();
 for ( i = 0; i < b.iterations; i++ ) {
 // Code to be benchmarked...
 }
 b.toc();
 b.end();
});
To ensure that benchmark results are reproducible, the harness runs each benchmark function multiple times. To specify a repetition number, set the repeats option.
var opts = {
 'repeats': 5
};
bench( 'repeat a benchmark multiple times', opts, function benchmark( b ) {
 var i;
 b.tic();
 for ( i = 0; i < b.iterations; i++ ) {
 // Code to be benchmarked...
 }
 b.toc();
 b.end();
});
To skip a benchmark, set the skip option.
var opts = {
 'skip': true
};
bench( 'skipped benchmark', opts, function benchmark( b ) {
 var i;
 b.tic();
 for ( i = 0; i < b.iterations; i++ ) {
 // Code to be benchmarked...
 }
 b.toc();
 b.end();
});
To fail benchmarks which take longer than a specified amount of time to complete, set a timeout option (in milliseconds).
var opts = {
 'timeout': 5000 // 5 seconds
};
bench( 'async benchmark', opts, function benchmark( b ) {
 var i = 0;
 b.tic();
 return next();
 function next( error ) {
 if ( error ) {
 return b.fail( error.message );
 }
 i += 1;
 if ( i <= b.iterations ) {
 // Asynchronous task...
 return;
 }
 b.toc();
 b.end();
 }
});
bench.onFinish( clbk )
Sets a listener which is invoked once the harness finishes running all benchmarks.
function onFinish() {
 console.log( 'Done!' );
}
bench.onFinish( onFinish );
bench.createStream( [options] )
Returns a results stream.
var stdout = require( '@stdlib/streams/node/stdout' );
var stream = bench.createStream();
// Direct all results to 'stdout':
stream.pipe( stdout );
var opts = {
 'iterations': 1,
 'repeats': 1
};
bench( 'beep', opts, function benchmark( b ) {
 var i;
 b.tic();
 for ( i = 0; i < b.iterations; i++ ) {
 b.equal( 3.14, 3.14, 'should be equal' );
 }
 b.toc();
 b.end();
});
TAP version 13
# beep
ok 1 should be equal
 ---
 iterations: 1
 elapsed: 0.002985193
 rate: 334.98671610177297
 ...
#
1..1
# total 1
# pass 1
#
# ok
The results stream can be combined with any Writable stream (e.g.,


text:
The Spice Lab Granulated Garlic Powder - Gluten-Free Non-GMO All Natural Spice - 5011
- USE: Garlic is widely used around the world for its pungent flavor as a seasoning or condiment.
- FLAVOR: The flavor varies in intensity and aroma with the different cooking methods.
- PAIRED: It is often paired with onion, tomato, or ginger.
- CUISINE: Garlic is a fundamental component in many or most dishes of various regions, including eastern Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, northern Africa, southern Europe, and parts of South and Central America.
- USE: Use in meat rubs, salad dressings, steaks, pork chops and vegetables. Sprinkle on buttered Italian bread to make garlic bread.


sqrt{\frac{1}{T-1} \sum^T_{t=1} (z_t - \bar{z})^2}.
As illustrated in the figure below, depending on the values of a and b0, the optimal Pareto sets for each "future" (each with initial populations of x0 = 0.48 and y0 = 0.26) can have very different shapes and attainable values.
Future 1 2 3 4 5
a 1.75 1.75 3.75 3.75 2.75
b0 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.45
fishfutures
For this MORDM experiment, I first optimize to an assumed state of the world (SOW) in which a = 1.75 and b = 0.6. To do this, I first have to write a function that takes in the decision variables for the optimization problem as well as any potentially uncertain model parameters, and returns the objectives. Here the decision variables are represented by the vector 'vars', the uncertain parameters are passed at default values of a=1.75, b0 = 0.6, F = 0 and S = 0.5, and the returned objectives are NPVharvest and std_z.
import os
import math
import json
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy.optimize import brentq as root
from rhodium import *
from rhodium.config import RhodiumConfig
from platypus import MapEvaluator
RhodiumConfig.default_evaluator = MapEvaluator()
def fishGame(vars,
 a = 1.75, # rate of prey growth
 b0 = 0.6, # initial rate of predator growth
 F = 0, # rate of change of radiative forcing per unit time
 S = 0.5): # climate sensitivity)
 # Objectives are:
 # 1) maximize (average NPV of harvest) and
 # 2) minimize (average standard deviation of harvest)
 # x = population of prey at time 0 to t
 # y = population of predator at time 0 to t
 # z = harvested prey at time 1 to t
 tSteps = 100
 x = np.zeros(tSteps+1)
 y = np.zeros(tSteps+1)
 z = np.zeros(tSteps)
 # initialize predator and prey populations
 x[0] = 0.48
 y[0] = 0.26
 # Initialize climate parameters
 F0 = 1
 C = 50
 T = 0
 b = max(b0*np.exp(-0.3*T),0.25)
 # find harvest at time t based on policy
 z[0] = harvest(x, 0, vars)
 #Initialize NPV of harvest
 NPVharvest = 0
 for t in range(tSteps):
 x[t+1] = max(a*x[t]*(1-x[t]) - x[t]*y[t] - z[t],0)
 y[t+1] = max(x[t]*y[t]/b,0)
 if t < tSteps-1:
 z[t+1] = harvest(x, t+1, vars)
 NPVharvest = NPVharvest + z[t]*(1+0.05)**(-(t+1))
 #Calculate next temperature and b values
 T = T + (F0 + F*(t+1) - (1/S)*T)/C
 b = max(b0*np.exp(-0.3*T),0.25)
 # Calculate minimization objectives
 std_z = np.std(z)
 return (NPVharvest, std_z)
def harvest(x, t, vars):
 if t > 0:
 harvest = min(vars[0]*vars[1]*x[t] + vars[0]*(1-vars[1])*x[t-1],x[t])
 else:
 harvest = vars[0]*vars[1]*x[t]
 return harvest
Next, the model class must be defined, as well as its parameters, objectives (or "responses") and whether they need to be minimized or maximized, decision variables (or "levers") and uncertainties.
model = Model(fishGame)
# define all parameters to the model that we will be studying
model.parameters = [Parameter("vars"), Parameter("a"), Parameter("b0"), Parameter("F"), Parameter("S")]
# define the model outputs
model.responses = [Response("NPVharvest", Response.MAXIMIZE), Response("std_z", Response.MINIMIZE)]
# some parameters are levers that we control via our policy
model.levers = [RealLever("vars", 0.0, 1.0, length=2)]
# some parameters are exogeneous uncertainties, and we want to better
# understand how these uncertainties impact our model and decision making
# process
model.uncertainties = [UniformUncertainty("a", 1.5, 4.0), UniformUncertainty("b0", 0.25, 0.67)]
The model can then be optimized using a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) in Platypus, and the output written to a file. Here I use NSGA-II.
output = optimize(model, "NSGAII", 100)
with open("data.txt", "w") as f:
 json.dump(output, f)
The results can be easily visualized with simple commands. The Pareto sets can be plotted with 'scatter2D' or 'scatter3D', both of which allow brushing on one or more objective thresholds. Here I first brush on solutions with a NPV of harvest ≥ 1.0, and then add a condition that the standard deviation of harvest be ≤ 0.01.
# Use Seaborn settings for pretty plots
sns.set()
# Plot the points in 2D space
scatter2d(model, output)
plt.show()
# The optional interactive flag will show additional details of each point when
# hovering the mouse
# Most of Rhodiums's plotting functions accept an optional expr argument for
# classifying or highlighting points meeting some condition
scatter2d(model, output, x="NPVharvest", brush=Brush("NPVharvest >= 1.0"))
plt.show()
scatter2d(model, output, brush="NPVharvest >= 1.0 and std_z <= 0.01")
plt.show()
The above code creates the following images:
figure1figure2bfigure2
Rhodium can also plot Kernel density estimates of the solutions, or those attaining certain objective values.
# Kernel density estimation plots show density contours for samples. By
# default, it will show the density of all sampled points
kdeplot(model, output, x="NPVharvest", y="std_z")
plt.show()
# Alternatively, we can show the density of all points meeting one or more
# conditions
kdeplot(model, output, x="NPVharvest", y="std_z", brush=["NPVharvest >= 1.0", "std_z <= 0.01"], alpha=0.8)
plt.show()
figure4figure5
Scatterplots of all pairwise objective combinations can also be plotted, along with histograms of the marginal distribution of each objective illustrated in the pairwise scatterplots. These can also be brushed by objective thresholds specified by the user.
# Pairwise scatter plots shown 2D scatter plots for all outputs
pairs(model, output)
plt.show()
# We can also highlight points meeting one or more conditions
pairs(model, output, brush=["NPVharvest >= 1.0", "std_z <= 0.01"])
plt.show()
# Joint plots show a single pair of parameters in 2D, their distributions using
# histograms, and the Pearson correlation coefficient
joint(model, output, x="NPVharvest", y="std_z")
plt.show()
figure6figure7figure8
Finally, tradeoffs can also be viewed on parallel axes plots, which can also be brushed on user-specified objective values.
# A parallel coordinates plot to view interactions among responses
parallel_coordinates(model, output, colormap="rainbow", zorder="NPVharvest", brush=Brush("NPVharvest > 1.0"))
plt.show()
figure


text:
Whitaker Center for Science and the Arts
The Whitaker Center for Science and the Arts located in Harrisburg is a center for arts, education, and cultural enrichment. The learning and entertainment complex features three-floors of hands-on, interactive exhibits, and is composed of three main venues – Sunoco Performance Theater, Select Medical Digital Cinema, and Harsco Science Center.
Visitors of all ages learn about the world around them through engaging performances, programs, and exhibits at the Center, including KidsPlace–a kid-sized cityscape just for children ages 5 and under–and Forces of Nature –an examination of how weather and geology affects the earth.
Other activities offered at the Center include documentary viewings, live performances in the 600-seat theater, educational presentations, and art exhibitions.


text:
WWF: Water quality in Mendalam River, Heart of Borneo, now has significantly improved
PONTIANAK (18/10) - The four years analysis on water quality of Mendalam River, Kapuas Hulu, West Kalimantan since 2009 until 2012, done by WWF-Indonesia West Kalimantan Program in collaboration with ICRAF, LIPI and PDAM Tirta Dharma (state tap-water company), showed a significant decrease in water turbidity and sediment concentration in Mendalam River.
"This study showed a decrease in the average concentration of turbidity, from 13.2 NTU in July 2009 to 8.4 NTU (36.4%) in the measurement from June to July 2012. Trend of sediment concentration indicated a decrease approximately 41.6%, from 26.4 mg / liter (2009) to 15.4 mg / liter in 2012," said Iwan Ridwansyah, MSc, researcher from the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI).
"To address the quality problem of the river in West Kalimantan Province, WWF-Indonesia, CARE and IIED, supported by WWF Netherlands DGIS, started since 2006, have been working together through implementation of EPWS Program in Mendalam River, Kapuas Hulu," said M. Hermayani Putera, West Kalimantan Program Manager of WWF-Indonesia.
Emanuel Haraan Ryanto, Director of PDAM Tirta Dharma Kapuas Hulu said that the study conducted in Mendalam River since 2007-2009 has informed that around 4-15 tons / year of sediment resulted from the river. At least 37 landslide areas with more than 100 meters depth occurred on the banks of the river, as well as more than 76 other landslide locations that are less than 100 meters. Forest cover in the Mendalam currently remains only about 40%.
"The river supplies water for the PDAM Tirta Dharma in Putussibau. Turbidity of the water in this river is now reaching up to 16 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit), far above the minimal score for drinking water standards according to the regulation of the Indonesia Ministry of Health, which is 5 NTU. If this trend maintains, it will have an impact on improving the quality of tap water treatment, eventually processed tap water distributed by PDAM will be safe for consumption and meet the minimum standards set by the Ministry of Health. We thank you for the efforts made by the WWF to improve the environment, particularly in Mendalam sub-watershed. This will be very useful for people who use tap water," added Emanuel.
During the implementation of EPWS program, restoration has been done in the area of landslides along the banks of the Mendalam River. Mapping of critical areas, planting 140,000 cultivated tree types such as cocoa, rubber (local and superior quality), and also other types of useful local plants such as belian, tengkawang and gaharu. Restoration covered 5 villages totalling approximately 212 hectares. In addition, the program also helps to improve the capacity of the community through several activities such as comparative study on rubber management to one state-owned plantation company in Indonesia (PTPN XIII) in Sintang, training for plantation (nursery to planting), training on measuring water discharge, water sampling, and measurement of the landslides volume. The program has also installed three units of automatic rain gauge and 2 units of automatic water level recorder. All activities of monitoring and assessment involved local communities in 5 villages on the banks of Mendalam River.
Zainal AM, the Head Village of Nanga Sambus, said that people in Mendalam sub-watershed area have hope that the PES program can be successfully realised, which will motivate them to continue to maintaining the river quality, particularly Mendalam River, and can improve revenue of communities who lives near the river. "Let's protect together. If the people who live in the upper stream protect the area, this will yield good impact to people downstream. They will appreciate the restoration effort done by upper stream people," he added.
"We welcome the cooperation of the parties in integrating the whole comprehensive aspects involving economic, environmental and social development in the development of the sub-watershed. Hopefully this can be an example for other regions, "said Drs. Suparman, Head of Kapuas Hulu Local Planning Agency.
"With the decrease in water turbidity and sediment concentration, it has indicated that there is a positive impact of the activities carried out by EPWS Program in Mendalam River. To enhance the broader impacts, we recommend this work to be extended in two other rivers, the Sibau River and Kapuas River," said Hermayani.
---- end ----
For more information, please contact:
Iwan Ridwansyah, MSc.
PDAM Tirta Dharma Kapuas Hulu
Slamet Sugianto, Amd
Notes for Editors:
Forest ecosystems provide a wide range of environmental services benefiting public. Services include the services of water, carbon, biodiversity and landscape beauty. Report of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) stated 60% of the world's ecosystem services have been degraded more rapidly than the ability to fix it.
Particularly in Indonesia, with 62 watersheds covering an area of 18.5 million hectares, now are in critical condition. Conditions that cause a decrease in reserves of water resources, fluctuations in water discharge, as well as increasing the rate of sedimentation and erosion. The impact of these conditions will increase the cost of drinking water treatment and worsen the quality of water services and such a disadvantage for river transportation users.
About EPWS Program
In 2006, a partnership was established between the three international agencies to explore the business aspects of PWS (Payment for Watershed Services). The project is called "Equitable Payments for Watershed Services". Activities implemented through two phases.
Phase I: Building the Business Case (2006 - 2009)
Phase I goal is to prepare and build a real business case for buyers and sellers of PWS that are suitable for targeted project sites. This approach is essential to convince potential buyers and sellers that PWS mechanism that will be implemented is based on ecological and economical condition. At the end of Phase I, it is considered a successful business between buyers and sellers if agreement of cooperation in each location is signed. Activities in Phase I include baseline studies on: hydrology, institutions, livelihood and the business case (cost-benefit).
Phase II: Implementing Equitable Payments for Watershed Services (2010 - present)
Implementation phase will deal with relevant partners at the local, national and international, private sector, and government agencies. Expected result in Phase II is successful implementations of PWS mechanism in all targeted project locations, sustainable nature resource management, and improvement of community livelihoods. Activities in Phase II include restoration, Tembawang local tree enhancement and hydrology.
WWF is an independent global conservation organization, established in 1961 in Switzerland, with almost 5 million supporters and networks in more than 100 countries. WWF has been present in Indonesia since 1962 for one-horned rhinoceros project in Ujung Kulon, became a foundation in 1998 and present in more than 25 working areas in 17 provinces.
WWF-Indonesia's mission is to save biodiversity and reduce the ecology impacts from human activities through: promoting strong conservation ethics, knowledge and conservation efforts in Indonesian people; facilitating multi-stakeholders efforts in biodiversity protection and ecological process at the eco-regional scale; policy advocacy, law enforcement to support conservation; and encouraging conservation for human welfare through sustainable utilization of natural resources.
For further information, visit _URL_ or _URL_
Heart of Borneo (HoB)
The Heart of Borneo covers more than 22 million hectares (220,000 km2) of equatorial rainforest across the countries of Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia and Malaysia. One of Asia's last great rainforests, it includes some of the most biologically diverse habitats on earth, and is one of only two places on earth where elephants, orangutans, rhinoceros and clouded leopards share the same territory. In the past 15 years, more than 500 new flora or fauna species have been discovered, at a rate of more than three per month.
Borneo's cultural diversity is as distinct and varied as the island's animal and plant life. In Kalimantan (Indonesia) alone, 142 different languages are believed still to be in use today. Many people depend directly on the forest for edible and medicinal plants; fish; meat; construction materials and water. As the headwaters of the island's major rivers lie in Borneo's central highlands, protection is critical to ensuring reliable clean water supplies to a large number of human settlements, and the thriving industries that have developed in coastal urban centres.
Heart of Borneo Declaration
In February 2007, the governments of Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia and Malaysia signed the Heart of Borneo Declaration to protect an area of more than 220,000 square kilometres in the centre of the island and bordering all three countries. Together they emphasised the fact that these tropical rainforests have strategic, global, national and local functions, not only for citizens of these three countries but for the global human race. The declaration is supported under important regional and international agreements such as Association of East Asian Nations (ASEAN), Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines East Asia Growth


No BSD License
Highlights from
Advanced Mathematics and Mechanics Applications Using MATLAB, 3rd Edition
image thumbnail
Advanced Mathematics and Mechanics Applications Using MATLAB, 3rd Edition
by

14 Oct 2002 (Updated )
Companion Software (amamhlib)
[c,phi,stres,z]=...
function [c,phi,stres,z]=...
 recstrs(a,nsega,b,nsegb,ntrms,nxout,nyout)
%
% [c,phi,stres,z]=...
% recstrs(a,nsega,b,nsegb,ntrms,nxout,nyout)
% ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
% This function uses least square fitting to
% obtain an approximate solution for torsional
% stresses in a Saint Venant beam having a
% rectangular cross section. The complex stress
% function is analytic inside the rectangle
% and has its real part equal to abs(z*z)/2 on
% the boundary. The problem is solved
% approximately using a polynomial stress
% function which fits the boundary condition
% in the least square sense. The beam is 2*a
% wide along the x axis and 2*b deep along
% the y axis. The shear stresses in the beam
% are given by the complex stress formula:
%
% (tauzx-i*tauzy)/(mu*alpha) = -i*conj(z)+f'(z)
%
% where
%
% f(z)=i*sum( c(j)*z^(2*j-2), j=1:ntrms )
%
% and c(j) are real.
%
% a,b - half the side lengths of the
% horizontal and vertical sides
% nsega, - numbers of subintervals used in
% nsegb formation of least square
% equations
% ntrms - number of polynomial terms used in
% polynomial stress function
% nxout, - number of grid points used to
% nyout evaluate output
% c - coefficeints defining the stress
% function
% phi - values of the membrane function
% stres - array of complex stress values
% z - complex point array at which
% stresses are found
%
% User m functions called: none
%----------------------------------------------
% Generate vector zbdry of boundary points
% for point matching.
zbdry=[a+i*b/nsega*(0:nsega-1)';
 i*b+a/nsegb*(nsegb:-1:0)'];

% Determine a scaling parameter used to
% prevent occurrence of large numbers when
% high powers of z are used
s=max(a,b);
% Form the least square equations to impose
% the boundary conditions.
neq=length(zbdry); amat=ones(neq,ntrms);
ztmp=(zbdry/s).^2; bvec=.5*abs(zbdry).^2;
for j=2:ntrms
 amat(:,j)=amat(:,j-1).*ztmp;
end
% Solve the least square equations.
amat=real(amat); c=pinv(amat)*bvec;
% Generate grid points to evaluate
% the solution.
xsid=linspace(-a,a,nxout);
ysid=linspace(-b,b,nyout);
[xg,yg]=meshgrid(xsid,ysid);
z=xg+i*yg; zz=(z/s).^2;
% Evaluate the warping function
phi=-imag(polyval(flipud(c),zz));
% Evaluate stresses and plot results
cc=(2*(1:ntrms)-2)'.*c;
stres=-i*conj(z)+i* ...
 polyval(flipud(cc),zz)./(z+eps*(z==0));
am=num2str(-a);ap=num2str(a);
bm=num2str(-b);bp=num2str(b);
% Plot results
disp(' '), disp('Press [Enter] to plot')
disp('the warping surface'), pause
[pa,k]=max(abs(phi(:)));
Phi=a/4*sign(phi(k))/phi(k)*phi;
close, colormap('default')
surfc(xg,yg,Phi)
title('Warping of the Cross Section')
xlabel('x axis'), ylabel('y axis')
zlabel('transverse warping'); axis('equal')
shg, disp(' ')
disp('Press [[Enter]] to plot the')
disp('total stress surface'), pause
% print -deps warpsurf
surfc(xg,yg,abs(stres));
title('Total Shear Stress Surface')
xlabel('x axis'); ylabel('y axis')
zlabel('total stress'), axis('equal'), shg
disp(' '), disp('Press [Enter] to plot the')
disp('stress contours'), pause
% print -deps rectorst
contour(xg,yg,abs(stres),20); colorbar
title('Total Stress Contours');
xlabel('x axis'); ylabel('y axis')
shg, disp(' ')
disp('Press [Enter] to plot the maximum')
disp('stress on a rectangle side'), pause
% print -deps torcontu

plot(xsid,abs(stres(1,:)),'k');
grid; ylabel('tangential stress');
xlabel('position on a horizontal side');
title('Stress for y = b/2'); shg
% print -deps torstsid
Contact us


text:
This study explored the differences among online elementary school student groups based on their communication features. Two hundred and ninety-one Taiwanese students, ranging in age from 11 to 12 years old, participated in this study. The students were randomly arranged within-class into three-member groups. Each group was asked to use a collaborative learning system to accomplish a group task generating a shared concept map. The textual discussions in each group during collaboration were collected, coded, categorized, and quantified to profile their communication characteristics. Cluster analysis on the resulting communication characteristics resulted in four types of small student groups, including passive or reticent, frequently off-task, actively participating, and knowledge emphasizing. Most student groups (56%) were found to be relatively passive or reticent. Frequently off-task student groups made a protrusive amount of messages for off-task social purposes. The actively participating student groups were characterized by abundant discussion, particularly for continuing task, managing procedure and coordinating efforts. The distinctive feature of knowledge emphasizing student groups was that they devoted particular attention to task related knowledge. In addition, they performed better in task accomplishment.
- Computer-mediated communication
- Cooperative/collaborative learning
- Elementary education
- Interactive learning environments
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Computer Science(all)


text:
GDN's Global Research Project, Bridging Research and Policy, endeavored to improve and understand the links between research and policy, and bridge the gap between researchers, policymakers and intermediary organizations such as media and professional associations. The overarching goal was to promote evidence-based policymaking in low and middle income countries by closing the gap between ideas and their implementation.
Driven by southern policy makers, the three-year project provided practical advice to both researchers and policy makers, by improving understanding of the research-policy nexus. The project generated valid and reliable knowledge about research-policy linkages (and gaps) in developing and transition countries, and developed a set of operational conclusions and tools that could assist policymakers, researchers and donors.
- Increased awareness among policy makers of the value of research
- An international coalition of policy makers, researchers and communicators interested in collaborating to improve linkages between research and policy
- Enhanced understanding of how to improve research-policy links and impact
- Lessons, recommendations and practical tools for researchers and policy makers
- A cutting edge web site "learning platform" for researchers and policy makers


1. Can the GMAT be waived?
 2. What is the current tuition rate for the MBA, MBATM & PMBA programs? Tuition for the MBA programs is $52,000 ($1,333 per credit hour) for the full 39 credit hour program when you begin in the 2013-2014 academic year. Tuition is inclusive to cover course work, books, fees, networking events, seminars and a ten-day international contextual tour.
 3. Is there a program of study that focuses on Accounting?
 We do have an elective portion in the MBA that allows you to "specialize" your degree. You can add in what we call a graduate certificate in accounting using the electives of the MBA. When this occurs, you graduate with a full MBA and a graduate certificate in accounting. We also offer a Master of Accountancy degree.
 4. How is your MBA designed?
 Our MBA is designed to give you cross-functional literacy across all functional areas of business. We want to make sure that as executive-level decision makers, our graduates are able to have literacy and understanding of the impacts of those decisions on ALL areas.
 5. What separates the MBATM from the traditional MBA? The MBATM focuses on special challenges faced by technology-based firms (especially startups) and innovative new products. Traditionally the MBATM student has a background in math, science or technology. While you take many of the same classes, 12 credits out of the 39 will be MBATM specific.
 6. How long is the program?
 The MBA program requires a minimum of 39 credit hours. The average person completes in 2.5 years and if you take a full-time schedule (two classes per block), you'll complete the program in around two years.
 7. When can I start the program?
 We offer flexibility in starting times for students. Our main start dates are Fall (August), Spring (January), Summer (May).
 8. How much time should I give myself for schoolwork?
 Throughout the program, you will have classes two nights a week if you're a full-time student. Each class is three hours and twenty minutes in length and homework is usually three to five hours per week per class. As a total, you should expect 12-16 hours of total work.
If you have questions, please contact our Graduate Admissions Office at _PHONE_ or _PHONE_, or e-mail us at _EMAIL_


Design Specifications
 - Min Wall Supported: 2mm
 - Min Wall Free: 3mm
 - Min Wire Supported: 2mm
 - Min Wire Free: 3mm
 - Min Embossed Detail: 0.4mm
 - Min Engraved Detail: 0.4mm
 - Min Bounding Box: x+y+z≥75mm
 - Max Bounding Box: 250x380x200mm
 - Min Escape Hole: One hole: 25mm, Two holes: 15mm, Four holes: 10mm
 - Interlocking or Enclosed Part?: Yes
 - Multiple Part per STL: Yes
 - Clearance: 0.9mm
 - Accuracy: Medium accuracy
Design Tips
Sandcastle Rule: If this structure was made of wet sand, would it break? Sandcastle Rule: If this structure was made of wet sand, would it break?
There's a part in the production process for sandstone 3D printing during which the model is fragile and brittle. It's basically like wet sand. When you design, ask yourself this question: if I made this out of wet sand or brittle clay, could I lift the design without it breaking? If the answer is "no," then your design might break in production.
Hanging structures are not printable. Hanging structures are not printable
Any structure that has a hanging structure is likely to break. This includes the end piece in an unsupported, heavy object, as pictured. Another example of something that would break is a miniature of a person with an arm sticking straight out. The arm would break off.
Exposure to water will fade colors Exposure to water will fade colors
The colors we use are similar to Inkjet Printer coloring, which fades when wet. The same principle applies to 3D printed colors. In this photo, the original color was a sky blue (as represented in the lower right of the photo), and after we dipped the model in water the blue faded and whitened. This model should not be designed for applications that requires the model to touch water.
The more supported, the thinner the structure (& vice versa) The more supported, the thinner the structure (& vice versa)
Supported structures are structures that connect to other structures. As an example, think of an empty box. The bottom of the box is supported by the side walls, and can therefore be thinner. On the other hand, something like a fan blade is not supported except at the end. This kind of unsupported structure should be made thicker to avoid breakage during production.


text:
The University of Alberta Observatory will be open to the public to view the partial solar eclipse on Thursday, October 23, 2014.
The University of Alberta's Jeanette Gladstone, a world-leading astrophysics researcher, weighs in on the surprising discovery of the brightest pulsar ever recorded.
University of Alberta researchers have combined physics and biological sciences knowledge to understand disordered proteins.
Students in the University of Alberta's graduate program in geophysics studies brought home four awards from this year's GeoConvention in Calgary, Alberta.
Physics grad student Ross Lockwood returns to Earth and talks about life after Mars.
Black Hole Burps
Why do black holes "burp" up high energy particles? University of Alberta observational astronomer Gregory Sivakoff is investigating.
Hear Gregory Sivakoff on CBC Radio's Quirks and Quarks (pop up player) or use this link to download an mp3.
University of Alberta geophysicst Martyn Unsworth talks about the international Helmholtz-Alberta initiative that is investigating how geothermal energy could reduce the impact of the oilsands industry.
James Pinfold explains the University of Alberta-led physics experiment at CERN which could dramatically change our concepts of basic physics and lead to future technologies that right now only exist in science fiction.
University of Alberta Expressnews


Keep Bananas Fresh Longer by Separating Them and Wrapping the Stems in Plastic Wrap
We've discussed how wrapping bananas with plastic wrap keeps a bunch fresher longer, but if you want your banans to last as long as possible, the real key is to separate them and then wrap each individual stem with plastic wrap. Here's why.
Instructables user wilgubeast explains that the traditional method of wrapping the whole crown of a bunch works well, but if you want those bananas to last all week, separate them and wrap the stems individually as tightly as possible. You can also slice them up and rest the cut sides in a little acid (lemon juice works best, maybe a little vinegar) to prevent browning. Some people also swear by putting them in the fridge to slow the process.
If you're uncertain of the science here, it's really straightforward. Bananas, like many fruits, release ethylene gas naturally, which controls enzymatic browning and ripening of not just itself, but other fruits nearby. Much of that offgassing takes place at the stem—or the crown—of the banana. By wrapping the crown of a bunch, you slow down the ripening process a bit. For the best effect, separate the bananas and wrap them individually. If you've ever gotten a fresh bunch home and removed the wrap around the crown only to discover the bananas ripened faster than you expected (this has happened to me before), this is why. Still, don't take my word for it, wilgubeast links a number of papers on the topic at the link below, along with more detail on how to wrap those stems.
Keep Bananas Fresh Longer (Slices, Too!) | Instructables


text:
Hi Dear Customers:
Some people frequently ask us, how to maintain their cowhides. When you buy a new high quality cowhide from us, we ship it with cleaning instructions. However, here are some tips on how to protect your cowhide:
- Shake your cowhide outside once in a while, that's the best way to eliminate small particles
- You can use a simple vacuum once and then without any problem. It won't shed.
- If some spills occur, for example wine, coffee, juices or any other, use some mild soap and water to clean it, and use paper towel or a sponge immediately to absorbed it
- Never wash your cowhide in a washing machine or dry clean
If you have any specific questions related on how to clean or maintain your cowhides, you can always contact our Customer Care Department at, _EMAIL_


Main Content
An Open Source Solid State Current measurement device
There are many practical situations where we need to know the current absorption of a circuit branch, a motor or in general, an electric utilizer. Sure, we could just use a multimeter set on amps measurement, but this is not to point, in fact in this context, when we say know we mean to detect a value and transmit it to a circuit that will in turn carry out specific actions. In this case, we need an amperometric sensor capable of providing an appropriate output.
We know that this can be implemented in various ways, according to the coupling with the circuit where we have to take the measurement, which can basically be magnetic (like an amperometric clamp) or galvanic. In this post, we propose a device of this kind, based on a dedicated chip mounted on a breakout board that is very practical to combine to various circuits, such as one of the many Arduino boards or our Fishino boards.
The amperometric sensor described can measure up to 5 A both in direct or alternate current and provides, on the output, and analog voltage that is directly proportional to the detected value, according to a linear relation, although including a fixed offset.
We will better explain this and more by analyzing the circuit on which we are going to install the sensor."
Link to article


Main Content
rlMBPOAgentOptions
Options for MBPO agent
Since R2022a
 Description
 Use an rlMBPOAgentOptions object to specify options for model-based policy optimization (MBPO) agents. To create an MBPO agent, use rlMBPOAgent.
 For more information, see Model-Based Policy Optimization (MBPO) Agent.
 Creation
 Description
 opt = rlMBPOAgentOptions creates an option object for use as an argument when creating an MBPO agent using all default options. You can modify the object properties using dot notation.
 example
 opt = rlMBPOAgentOptions(Name=Value) creates the options set opt and sets its properties using one or more name-value arguments. For example, rlMBPOAgentOptions(DiscountFactor=0.95) creates an option set with a discount factor of 0.95. You can specify multiple name-value pair arguments.
 Properties
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 Number of epochs for training the environment model, specified as a positive integer.
 Example: NumEpochForTrainingModel=2
 Number of mini-batches used in each environment model training epoch, specified as a positive scalar or "all". When you specify NumMiniBatches to "all", the agent selects the number of mini-batches such that all samples in the base agents experience buffer are used to train the model.
 Example: NumMiniBatches=20
 Size of random experience mini-batch for training environment model, specified as a positive integer. During each model training episode, the agent randomly samples experiences from the experience buffer when computing gradients for updating the environment model properties. Large mini-batches reduce the variance when computing gradients but increase the computational effort.
 Example: MiniBatchSize=256
 Transition function optimizer options, specified as one of the following:
 - rlOptimizerOptions object — When your neural network environment has a single transition function or if you want to use the same options for multiple transition functions, specify a single options object.
 - Array of rlOptimizerOptions objects — When your neural network environment agent has multiple transition functions and you want to use different optimizer options for the transition functions, specify an array of options objects with length equal to the number of transition functions.
 Using these objects, you can specify training parameters for the transition deep neural network approximators as well as the optimizer algorithms and parameters.
 If you have previously trained transition models and do not want the MBPO agent to modify these models during training, set TransitionOptimizerOptions.LearnRate to 0.
 Reward function optimizer options, specified as an rlOptimizerOptions object. Using this object, you can specify training parameters for the reward deep neural network approximator as well as the optimizer algorithm and its parameters.
 If you specify a ground-truth reward function using a custom function, the MBPO agent ignores these options.
 If you have a previously trained reward model and do not want the MBPO agent to modify the model during training, set RewardOptimizerOptions.LearnRate to 0.
 Is-done function optimizer options, specified as an rlOptimizerOptions object. Using this object, you can specify training parameters for the is-done deep neural network approximator as well as the optimizer algorithm and its parameters.
 If you specify a ground-truth is-done function using a custom function, the MBPO agent ignores these options.
 If you have a previously trained is-done model and do not want the MBPO agent to modify the model during training, set IsDoneOptimizerOptions.LearnRate to 0.
 Generated experience buffer size, specified as a positive integer. When the agent generates experiences, they are added to the model experience buffer.
 Example: ModelExperienceBufferLength=50000
 Model roll-out options for controlling the number and length of generated experience trajectories, specified as an rlModelRolloutOptions object with the following fields. At the start of each epoch, the agent generates the roll-out trajectories and adds them to the model experience buffer. To modify the roll-out options, use dot notation.
 Number of trajectories for generating samples, specified as a positive integer.
 Example: NumRollout=4000
 Initial trajectory horizon, specified as a positive integer.
 Example: Horizon=2
 Option for increasing the horizon length, specified as one of the following values.
 - "none" — Do not increase the horizon length.
 - "piecewise" — Increase the horizon length by one after every N model training epochs, where N is equal to HorizonUpdateFrequency.
 Example: HorizonUpdateSchedule="piecewise"
 Number of epochs after which the horizon increases, specified as a positive integer. When RolloutHorizonSchedule is "none" this option is ignored.
 Example: RolloutHorizonUpdateFrequency=200
 Maximum horizon length, specified as a positive integer greater than or equal to RolloutHorizon. When RolloutHorizonSchedule is "none" this option is ignored.
 Example: HorizonMax=5
 Training epoch at which to start generating trajectories, specified as a positive integer.
 Example: HorizonUpdateStartEpoch=100
 Exploration model options for generating experiences using the internal environment model, specified as one of the following:
 - [] — Use the exploration policy of the base agent. You must use this option when training a SAC base agent.
 - EpsilonGreedyExploration object — You can use this option when training a DQN base agent.
 - GaussianActionNoise object — You can use this option when training a DDPG or TD3 base agent.
 The exploration model uses only the initial noise option values and does not update the values during training.
 To specify NoiseOptions, create a default model object. Then, specify any nondefault model properties using dot notation.
 - Specify epsilon greedy exploration options.
 opt = rlMBPOAgentOptions;
 opt.ModelRolloutOptions.NoiseOptions = ...
 rl.option.EpsilonGreedyExploration;
 opt.ModelRolloutOptions.NoiseOptions.EpsilonMin = 0.03;
 - Specify Gaussian action noise options.
 opt = rlMBPOAgentOptions;
 opt.ModelRolloutOptions.NoiseOptions = ...
 rl.option.GaussianActionNoise;
 opt.ModelRolloutOptions.NoiseOptions.StandardDeviation = sqrt(0.15);
 For more information on noise models, see Noise Models.
 Ratio of real experiences in a mini-batch for agent training, specified as a nonnegative scalar less than or equal to 1.
 Example: RealSampleRatio=0.1
 Options to save additional agent data, specified as a structure containing the Optimizer field.
 You can save an agent object in several ways, for example:
 - Using the save command
 - Specifying saveAgentCriteria and saveAgentValue in an rlTrainingOptions object
 - Specifying an appropriate logging function within a FileLogger object.
 When you save an agent using any method, the fields in the InfoToSave structure determine whether the corresponding data is saved with the agent. For example, if you set the Optimizer field to true, then the transition, reward, and is-done functions optimizers are saved along with the agent.
 You can modify the InfoToSave property only after the agent options object is created.
 Example: options.InfoToSave.Optimizer=true
 Option to save the agent optimizer, specified as a logical value. If the Optimizer field is set to false, then the transition, reward, and is-done functions optimizers (which are hidden properties of the agent and can contain internal states) are not saved along with the agent, therefore saving disk space and memory. However, when the optimizers contain internal states, the state of the saved agent is not identical to the state of the original agent.
 Example: true
 Object Functions
 rlMBPOAgentModel-based policy optimization (MBPO) reinforcement learning agent
 Examples
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 Create an MBPO agent options object, specifying the ratio of real experiences to use for training the agent as 30%.
 opt = rlMBPOAgentOptions(RealSampleRatio=0.3)
 opt =
 rlMBPOAgentOptions with properties:

 NumEpochForTrainingModel: 1
 NumMiniBatches: 10
 MiniBatchSize: 128
 TransitionOptimizerOptions: [1x1 rl.option.rlOptimizerOptions]
 RewardOptimizerOptions: [1x1 rl.option.rlOptimizerOptions]
 IsDoneOptimizerOptions: [1x1 rl.option.rlOptimizerOptions]
 ModelExperienceBufferLength: 100000
 ModelRolloutOptions: [1x1 rl.option.rlModelRolloutOptions]
 RealSampleRatio: 0.3000
 InfoToSave: [1x1 struct]

 You can modify options using dot notation. For example, set the mini-batch size to 64.
 opt.MiniBatchSize = 64;
 Algorithms
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 Version History
 Introduced in R2022a


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Juicing has become increasingly popular as a way to get a quick and easy boost of essential vitamins and minerals. Often, when making fresh juice, you may notice that the juice separates into layers. This can be a cause for concern, as it may indicate that the juice is no longer fresh or nutritious. However, this is not always the case. In this blog post, we will explore the reasons why juice separates, if it is still safe to consume, and what you can do to minimize separation.
Why does juice separate?
Juice separation is a common occurrence in raw, cold-pressed juice. This is because fruits and vegetables have different densities and water contents, which make them separate when juiced. The thicker, pulpier parts of the fruits and veggies settle at the bottom of the juice, while the lighter, waterier parts float to the top.
Additionally, certain types of fruits and vegetables are more prone to separation than others. For example, citrus fruits like oranges and grapefruits have a lot of pulp that settles at the bottom of the juice. On the other hand, leafy greens like spinach and kale have very little pulp, which can result in a more watery juice.
Finally, the speed at which the juice is consumed can also lead to separation. If the juice is consumed slowly, the denser pulp will settle at the bottom, creating a layered effect. However, if the juice is shaken or stirred, the layers will mix together.
Is separated juice still safe to consume?
If the juice has been stored properly in a refrigerated environment and is before its expiration date, separated juice is still safe to consume. Separation is a natural process that does not indicate that the juice has gone bad or is no longer nutritious. It is simply an indication that the juice is settling into its natural state.
When consuming separated juice, you may notice a different taste or texture due to the separation process. However, the nutritional benefits of the juice remain unchanged. It is still packed with essential vitamins and minerals that can provide numerous health benefits.
What can you do to minimize juice separation?
While separation is a natural process that cannot be fully avoided, there are ways to minimize it. Here are a few tips to help keep your juice from separating:
– Shake or stir the juice. This will help mix the layers together and create a more consistent texture.
– Add a natural emulsifier. Emulsifiers are substances that help combine liquids that normally wouldn't mix. For example, adding lecithin or coconut oil to your juice can help prevent separation.
– Use a high-quality juicer. A good juicer will extract juice in a way that results in less separation. Look for juicers that use masticating or triturating methods, as these extract more juice and leave behind less pulp.
In conclusion, juice separation is a natural process that occurs when making fresh, raw juice. It is a result of the different densities and water contents of fruits and vegetables and can be minimized through proper storage and handling. While separated juice may look different and have a slightly different taste or texture, it is still safe to consume and packed with essential vitamins and minerals. By following a few simple tips, you can minimize juice separation and ensure that your juice is as delicious and nutritious as possible. So, shake up that juice and enjoy!
If you want to learn more about the benefits of juicing, check out this article from Medical News Today.
How do you keep homemade juice from separating?
When making homemade juice, it can be frustrating to find that the solids and liquids separate over time. This can leave the juice looking unappealing and impact its flavor. If you are wondering how to keep homemade juice from separating, there are some methods that you can try.
One solution is to use a homogenizer, which is a machine that mixes the juice thoroughly to prevent any separation from occurring. However, this can be an expensive option and may not be practical for home use.
Fortunately, there are other ingredients you can add to the juice to help prevent separation. One option is to add pectin, which is a natural substance found in fruits that acts as a thickener. Adding pectin to your juice can help keep the solids and liquids mixed together, preventing separation. Be sure to mix the pectin well into the juice before bottling.
Another option is to add an emulsifying agent, such as lecithin or gum Arabic. These substances help to keep the liquid and solids mixed together and can be found at health food stores or online.
One ingredient that has been found to be particularly effective in preventing separation in citrus juice is a combination of low viscosity propylene glycol alginate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose. This has been shown to significantly reduce the separation of solids in fruit juice-containing products.
There are several methods you can use to keep homemade juice from separating. Using a homogenizer is an effective but expensive option, while adding pectin or an emulsifying agent can help keep the solids and liquids mixed together. Alternatively, incorporating low viscosity propylene glycol alginate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose into the juice can reduce the separation of solids, particularly in citrus juice.
Is it normal for orange juice to separate?
Yes, it is normal for orange juice to separate. When orange juice is freshly squeezed, it has a tendency to separate into layers. The separation happens because most fresh fruit juices contain pulp and other fruit solids that aren't completely soluble in water, and as a result, they tend to settle. This also happens with other types of freshly squeezed juices, such as grapefruit, lemon, and lime juice.
The separation process is entirely natural and doesn't have any effect on the quality or safety of the juice. In fact, it's a good sign that the juice is fresh and hasn't undergone heavy processing. However, many consumers prefer their orange juice to have a consistent texture and appearance. This is why most commercially available orange juice is treated with a process called pasteurization.
During pasteurization, orange juice is heated at high temperatures (over 190 degrees Fahrenheit) to extend its shelf life. This process also deactivates an enzyme called pectinesterase that causes the juice to separate upon standing. As a result, carton orange juice doesn't have the same tendency to separate as fresh juice.
It's worth noting that some brands of orange juice marketed as "not from concentrate" may separate more than others. This is because these juices tend to be less processed and may contain more pulp and fruit solids. Therefore, if you're a fan of freshly squeezed orange juice but don't enjoy the separation, you may want to look for a brand that offers a less processed juice. Alternatively, you can try giving your orange juice a good shake before consuming it to mix the layers back together.
How long does juice last in the fridge?
When it comes to storing juice, it's important to know how long it can last in the fridge before it goes bad. Depending on the type of juice, the storage time can vary. Freshly squeezed fruit juice, for example, has a shorter shelf life than store-bought juice that has been pasteurized and treated to last longer.
If you've made your own juice at home, your best bet for preserving it is to keep it in an airtight container and store it in the refrigerator. Generally, freshly squeezed juice will stay good in the fridge for up to three days. After that, it can start to go bad due to the natural sugars in the juice, which can ferment and spoil.
If you've purchased juice from the store, it's important to check the expiration date before buying it. Store-bought juice is typically pasteurized and treated to last longer, so it can usually stay fresh in the fridge for up to a week past the expiration date. However, it's always best to check the label and follow the instructions for storage.
It's important to note that if juice has a strange smell or taste, it's best to err on the side of caution and throw it out. Consuming spoiled juice can lead to food poisoning or illness, so it's better to be safe than sorry.
If you want to extend the life of your juice, you can also freeze it. Frozen juice can last for up to 12 to 16 months in the freezer. Just be sure to use a freezer-safe container and leave some room for the juice to expand as it freezes. When you're ready to enjoy the juice, simply thaw it in the fridge overnight and give it a good shake before drinking.
Freshly squeezed juice can last up to three days in the fridge, while store-bought juice can last up to a week past the expiration date. If you want to extend the life of your juice, freezing it can keep it fresh for up to 12 to 16 months. Always check the label and the smell and taste of the juice before consuming it, and err on the side of caution if you have any doubts about its freshness.


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DSWCD used the Oregon Department of Agriculture (ODA) Grant to fund the Medina Water Quality Project, which converted flood irrigation to sprinkler system. The 17 acres of flood irrigated pasture is grazed by alpacas and sheep, which led to nutrient runoff from manure and fertilizer of the field. Whenever there was excess irrigation water, the nutrient runoff would enter the Central Oregon Irrigation District (COID) main canal. The main goal was to address the water quality problem to COID canal by eliminating the current method of flood irrigation by installing a sprinkler system and improving irrigation water management (IWM).
To achieve this goal, a vault with an inline pump replaced the divertion gate entering the property. The on-farm open ditch was replaced by an underground 6 inch 165psi class PVC pipe. A wheel line was also installed, replacing the current flood irrigation method. Estimated water savings for the conversion is 37% which is 1.5 ac-in/ac (570,200 gal/yr). With the adoption of an IWM plan, it is estimated that an additional 3% water savings will be achieved (.1 ac – in/ac (38,013 gal/yr).


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Strengths and weaknesses of the administration order
Structure: Issues, Legal rules and application
- Identify the purposes for creating an administration order (i.e. corporate rescue)
- Identify the weaknesses of administration order (i.e. chargee is entitled to appoint their own receivers) (chargee will retain their existing place in the order of creditors) under old regime and changes proposed by the new provisions.
- Administration with the proposal for Company Voluntary Arrangement with the company's creditors
The Enterprise Act 2002 has a significant impact on how financial failure of a business is dealt with in the UK. The rescue culture is strengthened by streamlining the administration procedure which are court based. It also prevents lenders holding security over companies business and assets, including floating charges, from appointing a Administrative Receiver to realise assets to such an extent that it satisfies their debt. This was seen as UK's pro-creditor approach. This does not prevent the fixed charge holder from appointing a receiver however if an Administrator is appointed then such a receiver has to relinquish his office.
The previous insolvency regime did not provide enough transparency and accountability to the range of stakeholders especially to the creditors who have an interest in a company's affairs. The Administration is an important tool which can be used to give breathing space for a company in financial difficulty so as to put together a rescue plan or provide better returns for creditors. To achieve this the formalities have been reduced and administration as well as Company Voluntary Arrangements have been made more accessible to the companies.
Reasons for creating Administration Orders
The government's intention was to deal with a company in financial trouble in a positive way when they introduced Administration. In order to protect itself from the threat of creditors' action against itself, the insolvent company usually initiates the procedure. The primary aim of an administration is to rescue the company as a going concern. The main thrust of the Enterprise Act 2002 is to restrict the use of Administrative Receiverships considerably. It is also intended to extend and streamline the administration procedure.
This procedure is available by order of the court if the court takes a view that the business of the company or at least part of it should be saved or a view to a more beneficial realisation of assets than could be achieved winding up that company, or with a view to obtaining approval for a voluntary arrangement with the creditors of the company.
The petition for the administration order may be presented by the company, or its directors, or by a creditor, including the holder of a floating charge, on the grounds that the company is unable to pay its debts or is likely to become unable to pay its debts. As a consequence of the presentation of the petition a 'moratorium' is imposed on the company's debts and creditors may not enforce any security over the company's property, but can appoint an administrative receiver, repossess goods, start or continue proceedings or levy distress against the company's property. The company cannot be wound up during this time.
In the first instance the administrator of the company must attempt to rescue the company as a going concern unless it is not reasonably practicable or it is not in the interest of the creditors. If this is the case then the administrator must seek to achieve a better result for creditors as a whole than company were to wound up in a conventional way. If we take an example of MG Rovers the Administrators, KPMG, are desperately trying to rescue the company from its current financial situation by selling off its assets and trying to open up negotiations with Chinese company in order to either sell off the company as a going concern or to make better realisations of the assets for the benefits of the creditors as a whole. If none of the above options are found to be viable then they would seek to realise the property and make a distribution to secured or preferential creditors.
The grounds for petition are that the company is unable to pay its debts as defined in section 122 of the Insolvency Act 1986. If the directors are inclined to go ahead with it then they will have to swear an affidavit, setting out the grounds for the petition. This may be supported by a report from an independent insolvency practitioner who will also include his reasons for believing that the objectives set out can be achieved, that is the survival of the company, and the whole of its undertaking as a going concern. In addition to this, a voluntary arrangement or a composition in satisfaction of the company's debt between the company and its members under section 425 of the Company's Act 1985 could be reached. This could allow a more advantageous realisation of the company's assets than would be effected on a winding up.
If the directors decide to make such an application for an administration, they must then notify everyone who is entitled to appoint an administrative receiver of the company or who is entitled to appoint an administrator of the company. This means they have to notify the bank and other floating charge holders as well as suppliers who have all monies retention of title clause. Under the new insolvency regime a creditors meeting will not be necessary as the company has sufficient property to enable every creditor to be paid in full eventually.
An administration order is able to save all or part of a company as a going concern. It can also support a company voluntary arrangement, agree to an arrangement as well as realising the company's assets for a higher value than would have been obtained in a winding up.
Weaknesses of an Administration Order
A major problem in putting the administration in place has always been the difficulty in holding off individual creditors from taking legal action driving the company in to liquidation. An administration order would create a moratorium giving breathing space for the company. However, pursuant to section 9(2) of the Insolvency Act 1986 a notice of the application for administration order has to be given to any person who is entitled to appoint an administrative receiver.
A floating charge holder is entitled to appoint his or her own receivers even when an administration order is in place.
Once an administrative receiver has been appointed by the floating charge holder, it's main priority is to realise and repay the lender and thus other parties are not attended to. Also such floating charge holders had the power to veto the appointment of an administrator over the company.
Therefore it is vital to have full co-operation and consent of fixed and floating charge holder in order for the administration to be successful. The old administration procedure was not easily available and when it was available only handful of companies were able to make use of it. Under the new scheme
Chargee will retain their existing place in the order of the creditors as they hold a security over the company's business and assets they can control the process. If the charge holder is not persuaded to hold back from enforcing the security.
Reforms of the Enterprise Act 2002
The main reforms were:
- The appointment of administrative receivers to be restricted to creditors who have floating charges that were created before the effective date and also for those who have floating charges that have been granted in capital markets.
- Preference for the crown is abolished
- Part of the proceeds from realizations will be given to unsecured creditors
- Administrators are able to be appointed by holders of floating charges, the company and its directors.
- Before a liquidator can begin proceedings, a sanction of the court must first be obtained.
- More frequent review of the rates of interest put on deposits kept with the Insolvency Service Account. Commercial rates to be used.
- Majority of bankruptcies to last no longer than 1 year.
- Fewer restrictions on bankrupts.
- Floating charge holder not allowed to appoint a receiver after a fixed date.
Before the Enterprise Act 2002 came into force the Administration procedure was slow, less flexible and difficult to access. The Government also claims that it wasn't as fair.
Also before, the liquidator could bring about legal proceedings without the permission of the creditors. The powers of floating charge holders before was greater as they were able to appoint a receiver.
Vanessa Finch evaluates in her article the potential contribution of recent reforms which have been implemented in a effort to further a rescue culture.
Under the new insolvency regime the holder of qualifying floating charge would be prohibited from appointing an administrative receiver however, they would be able to appoint an administrator without recourse to the court. This new provision applies to any floating charge which is created on or after the date these new provision came into force.
It is interesting to note that this obviously leaves open for the holders of the floating charges created before the new legislation came into force to appoint administrative receiver.
The law as it stands today allows a company to be able to grant security over all of its assets. However if the company imposes restriction on these secured creditors then it is likely that the credit facilities will become more expensive regardless of rescue procedure in place. It may become more difficult to obtain finance, which is less flexible. This may lead to more personal guarantees and securities from directors of the company being demanded by the secured lenders to reduce their exposure. On the other hand when the company runs into financial difficulties then secured creditors would want to protect their position, which could be detrimental to the unsecured creditors.
It should be noted that if a company enters into Administration then the benefits go to the unsecured creditors. Under new provisions the administrator has been given new powers to make distributions to secured and preferential creditor. A Special Fund, which an administrator can create, has been introduced exclusively for the benefit of unsecured creditors. In brief, share of the assets have to be ring fenced for the unsecured creditors to preserve their contractual rights under the new regime. It is not yet clear exactly how much will be kept aside for the unsecured creditors; my guess is that it depends upon the size of the company and the amount of creditors involved. However it is likely that 10


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Change your localized address for Rapida payments
Your localized address is the address associated with your Rapida payments. Follow these instructions if you want to change your localized Rapida address:
- Sign in to your AdSense account at _URL_
- In the left navigation panel, click Payments.
- Click Add payment method.
- Set the radio button to "Rapida settings".
- Click Continue.
- Next, enter your address details and on the last line enter the Rapida form number.
Enter your name and address in Russian characters. Be aware that in the Rapida system, the characters ";" and "/" are not allowed. Use words instead of these characters. The address in Russian must correspond with the Latin variant of the address, otherwise a failure may occur when a payment is made.
Below is an example of correctly completed fields:
First Name: Андрей
Last name: Бобров
Address: 1 Ул. Ленина 15-5
Address (use if address does not fit on the first line)
Rapida template ID: _PHONE_
- Confirm that you have the official documents (for example, passport) and supporting information indicated in the form shown above.
Make sure that the first name and last name in the account correspond precisely with the information in the state-approved proof of identity that you will present when collecting your payment through the Rapida system.
- Click Save changes.
Please note the following: if you set up your payments through the Rapida system after the 15th of the current month, we cannot guarantee the use of this payment method in the upcoming payment cycle. For example, to guarantee that you received your March payment through the Rapida system, you'd need to carry out the steps listed above before April 15.


The Champagne system is a system of categorising sea serpent sightings developed by Bruce A. Champagne in 2001, and finalised in 2007.[1][2][3] After examining 1,247 sightings, he concluded that there were only 351 credible observations, and classified the animals into nine categories, some of which have their own sub-categories. While Champagne's preliminary study recognised three types, the long-necked, eel-like, and multiple-humped,[2] the final Champagne types are the long-necked I, long-necked II, eel-like I, eel-like II, eel-like III, multiple-humped, sail-finned I, sail-finned II, carapaced, saurian, segmented, digited, and snake-like.[3][4]
In 2016, Champagne published an analysis of lake monster reports, in which he concluded that his multi-humped sea serpent, the "classic" undulating sea serpent, could explain several lake monsters,[5] making the Champagne system the only sea serpent classification system besides the Coleman-Huyghe system to incorporate lake monsters.
Image Name Range Champagne's identity Equivalents in other systems
Long-necked sea serpent I Cosmopolitan Long-necked pinniped
Long-necked sea serpent II North Sea Long-necked pinniped
Eel-like I, Cameron McCormick.png
Eel-like sea serpent I North Atlantic Ocean Reptile
Eel-like sea serpent II Atlantic and Pacific Oceans Beaked whale
Eel-like III, Cameron McCormick.png
Eel-like sea serpent III Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, South China Sea Reptile
Multiple-humped, Cameron McCormick.png
Multiple-humped sea serpent Atlantic and Pacific Oceans Possible reptile
Sail-finned sea serpent I North Atlantic Ocean Beaked whale
Sail-finned sea serpent II Cosmopolitan Possible reptile or mammal
Carapaced sea serpent Cosmopolitan Possible mammal or mammal-like reptile
Saurian sea serpent.png
Saurian sea serpent North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea Crocodile or crocodile-like reptile
Segmented sea serpent Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans Mammal
Digited sea serpent, Cameron McCormick.png
Digited sea serpent North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans Possible amphibian or reptile
Snake-like sea serpent Atlantic Ocean Reptile
Notes and references
 1. Eberhart, George M. (2002) Mysterious Creatures: A Guide to Cryptozoology ABC-CLIO, Inc. ISBN 1-57607-283-5
 2. 2.0 2.1 Champagne, Bruce A. "A Preliminary Evaluation of the Study of the Morphology, Behaviour, Autoecology, and Habitat of Large, Unidentified Marine Animals, Based on Recorded Field Observations," Crypto-Dracontology Special No. 1 (November 2001)
 3. 3.0 3.1 Champagne, Bruce A. "A Classification System for Large, Unidentified Marine Animals Based on the Examination of Reported Observations," Elementum Bestia: Being an Examination of Unknown Animals of the Air, Earth, Fire and Water (2007), Lulu Press, ASIN B001DSIB2W
 4. "Bruce A. Champagne," The Haunted Sea with Scott Mardis, Monster X Radio (2019) — Online
 5. Champagne, Bruce A. "A Preliminary, Comparative Type Proposal For Large, Unidentified Marine and Freshwater Animals," The Journal of Cryptozoology Vol. 4 (December 2016)