text:
Extreme States of Materials and Structures
The RCD areas of focus:
- Mathematical modeling and design of engineering structures and geological objects undergoing extra-high-intensive thermomechanical loads.
- Analysis and prediction of behavior of structures with defects (formation of microand macro-rupture, fast crack propagation, etc.), development of state-of-the-art criteria for prediction of material and structure strength.
- Testing of strength of materials under extreme conditions (high-rate loading, explosion, aggressive chemical environment) utilizing unique experimental equipment.
Primary scientific aims:
- Development of new experimental principles in material testing and modeling of structures behavior under extreme conditions of intensive high-rate interaction.
- Application of new methods to solution of technological problems of modern industry and diffusion of these methods among engineers, scientists and specialists.
RCD partners include internationally known companies, such as GAZPROM, Russian Railways, Royal Dutch Shell, and others. Successful collaboration with our partners is primarily based on unique competence of RCD research stuff in different fields of theoretical and experimental physics and mechanics as well as on modern experimental facilities of RCD.


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What type of natural vegetation do we have in the Muslim world?
5- In the Muslim world, Afghanistan, Malaysia, Indonesia and Pakistan are naturally temperate grasslands.
Which Muslim countries have short natural vegetation?
Which Muslim countries have high natural vegetation? Ans: Malaysia, Indonesia and some parts of Africa have very little natural vegetation. More than half of the whole area is hot desert.
What is the vegetation of Pakistan?
Natural vegetation comprises forests, shrubs and grasses, and is determined by climatic conditions and soil types. The climate of Pakistan is too dry for forests, except in the northern hilly and sub-montane belts.
How many deserts are there in Muslim world?
Pakistan hosts five deserts which were historical forests. They include the Thar Desert in Sindh, the Cholistan Desert in Bahawalpur (Punjab), the Thal Desert in Bhakkar (Punjab), the Kharan Desert in Balochistan, and the Katpana Desert in Skardu (Gilgit-Baltistan).
What type of vegetation is found in Saudi Arabia?
Much of Saudi Arabia's vegetation belongs to the North African–Indian desert region. Plants are xerophytic (requiring little water) and are mostly small herbs and shrubs that are useful as forage. There are a few small areas of grass and trees in southern Asir.
What is the natural vegetation of Iran?
Approximately one-tenth of Iran is forested, most extensively in the Caspian region. In the area are found broad-leaved deciduous trees—oak, beech, linden, elm, walnut, ash, and hornbeam—and a few broad-leaved evergreens. Thorny shrubs and ferns also abound.
What is the natural vegetation of Saudi Arabia?
Which is the world largest cold desert?
the Antarctic desert
The largest desert on earth is the Antarctic desert, covering the continent of Antarctica with a size of around 5.5 million square miles….Ranking of the largest deserts on earth (in million square miles)
|Desert (Type)||Surface area in million square miles|
Which is the largest desert in Asia?
It is the sixth largest desert in the world and the second largest in Asia after the Arabian Desert….
|Length||1,500 km (930 mi)|
|Width||800 km (500 mi)|
|Area||1,295,000 km2 (500,000 sq mi)|
What is an example of natural vegetation?
Natural vegetation means natural areas of forest, woodland, shrubland, scrub, mallee and mulga. Natural vegetation means unprocessed plant material from herbs, shrubbery, and trees, including grass, weeds, leaves, clippings, prunings, brush, branches, roots, stumps, and trunk wood.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Meige syndrome 2017-11-28T12:13:09+00:00
What is Meige syndrome
Meige syndrome is an eponym to describe a cranio-cervical dystonia with blepharospasm and dystonia of the muscles of the lower part of the face, the neck and the larynx as described in 1910 by Henry Meige, a French neurologist .
Patients with Meige syndrome are patients over the age of 60, who complains of involuntary eye closure when trying to speak or to chew.It usually starts with a blepharospasm, which spreads down in 35 % of the cases to the mouth and the neck.
The chewing, swallowing and the speech can be impaired due to to the spread of the dystonia to the jaw, tongue, pharynx and larynx.
The spread to the neck can be responsible of a abnormal posture of head tilted in one side or the head shift backwards with a double chin posture. Sometimes the posture become more complex with flexion of the head and neck forward (antecolllis)
The pattern of activation of the eye closure changes from an isolated blepharospasm which is better when the patient is speaking and worst when the patient is silent to a spasm of eye closure when the mouth is activated.
Patient with Meige syndrome, also called cerico-cranail dystonia needs to be treated actively with drugs, botox injections around eyes, jaw, neck and throat. They benefit from joint ENT-Neuro clinic as they can be injected in every dystonic localisation in one session. the London BTX centre is the only private centre to offer such facilities with Dr Marion, working with Ms Hicklin, eNT surgeon and voice specialist.
Take a look at what my patients say about the treatment here


CDC Home
National Vital Statistics System
Total number of deaths for 113 selected causes, _PHONE_
Worktable 250F lists the number of deaths for NCHS' mortality tabulation list of 113 selected causes of death. Deaths are tabulated for 10-year age groups and for the race categories black and white. Selected causes include such major conditions as heart disease, cancer, stroke, chronic respiratory diseases, pneumonia and influenza, diabetes, accidents (unintentional injuries), kidney conditions, atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), septicemia (infection of the bloodstream), Alzheimer's disease, birth defects, conditions originating in the perinatal period, complications related to pregnancy and childbirth, assault (homicide), intentional self-harm (suicide), anemia, chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, hypertension, and other major causes of death. A number of States did not provide complete confirmation of deaths from infrequent and rare causes. For technical details, see technical appendix.
Beginning with the 2008 data year, this annual table is no longer produced. Users are directed to CDC WONDER a detailed mortality database. This tool enables users to create tables with the content that was available in previously produced tables.
National Vital Statistics System logo
Contact Us:
 - Division of Vital Statistics
 National Center for Health Statistics
 3311 Toledo Rd
 Hyattsville, MD 20782
 - _PHONE_
A-Z Index
 1. A
 2. B
 3. C
 4. D
 5. E
 6. F
 7. G
 8. H
 9. I
 10. J
 11. K
 12. L
 13. M
 14. N
 15. O
 16. P
 17. Q
 18. R
 19. S
 20. T
 21. U
 22. V
 23. W
 24. X
 25. Y
 26. Z
 27. #


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This guide will go over how to edit various resource xmls with VTS. As an example this tutorial will use framework-res.apk and SystemUI.apk from a HTC Sense 4 ROM.
Please keep in mind that there is a huge list of possible resources in Android, so this document will cover only the most important ones.
bools.xml is part of Boolean algebra, developed by in 1854 by George Boole. Just like Boolean algebra, bools.xml uses the algebra of truth values 0 and 1 which are represented in bools xml as true and false. Basically bools.xml contains switches for different features in the apk. In this example we will look at the bools.xml in framework-res.apk.
- First lets set up the project. If you do not know how to set up a project please read Setting up your first project.
- Once you have imported framework-res.apk, go down to res/values and open bools.xml.
- Look at line 6, you will see the following (or something else) true
- Change the "true" to "false" and you have turned the IME Switch on the statsubar off. It will no longer appear.
colors.xml controls the majority of the colors that are used in the apk. It sets text colors, highlight colors, and background colors amongst some others. It is important to note that not all colors are in this xml, some colors might be in the xmls in the layout folder, color folder and styles.xml, even smali code contains colors sometimes; however, editing colors in any xml is pretty much the same.
- Colors are defined by eight characters in hexadecimal. Hexadecimal uses numbers 0-9 and the first six letters of the alphabet A-F. The first two characters set the alpha (transparency) level and the remainig six characters define the color.
- Go to res/values and open colors.xml.
- Here you will see a bunch of color values. These can easily be changed to any color of your choice by editing the last six digits of the hex value. As an example, I have changed all the green colors to different shades of ICS Blue.
dimens.xml controls the dimension of various images, fonts, and bars among other things. As an example I will explain how to remove the 3-dot menu on the bottom of apps that are not ICS optomized.
- Go to res/values and open dimens.xml
- Here you will see all the dimension values that control many aspects of the app. You really dont want to edit anything on this xml unless you know exactly what you are doing.
- Look at lines 15 and 16. These two lines control the height and width of the 3-dot menu bar. simply by setting the value to "0.0dip" you will remove the 3-dot menu bar.
drawables.xml define what images and colors are used in the app. Basically an xml in the layouts folder calls images and background colors from this xml. The majority of the edits you will do on this xml are related to colors, so just edit them as explained in the colors.xml section.
strings.xml control the text strings that are used in the app. As an example I will show you how to edit the "Android is upgrading" text that appears after flashing a rom or wiping the cache.
- Go to res/values and open strings.xml
- Look at line 996, here you can change the text to anything you want. Ex. change "Android is upgrading…" to "Your phone is optimizing…"
styles.xml define how text and some images appears on the device. In styles.xml you will see references to dimensions, color, strings, and drawables. Basically this xml controls the style of the strings and backgrounds. It tells the app what string to use, what size the text has to be, if the text is bold, italic, underlined, etc.
Most of the edits in styles.xml you will do are color related, so editing this xml is much like editing colors.xml.
- As an example I will use the styles.xml from SystemUI.apk. So add a project to the solution and import SystemUI.apk.
- Once you have done this go to res/values and open styles.xml.
- Here you can change the textcolor of the clock. Look for TextAppearance.StatsuBar.Clock and change the textColor reference to your color of choice. If no textColor reference is present you can add one by typing the following
- _TAG_
- You can replace the ffffffff to any hexadecimal color you want.
- It is also important to note that text color references can come up as "_USER_/list_primary" instead of an actual color. When this happens you have two options, track the color down to colors folder or colors.xml or change "_USER_/list_primary" to a hex value, ex. "_TAG_"
There is many more things you can do in these xmls, this is just something to get you started.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Truvia sweetener is toxic to fruit flies, study finds
Erythritol, the main component of the sweetener Truvia, has a new, unexpected application -- it may be used as an insecticide. And a sixth grader can take part of the credit for this unusual discovery.
Fruit flies who consumed Truvia had a average lifespan of just 5.8 days, while flies who didn't eat it lived between 38.6 and 50.6 days. The study is published in the journal PLOS ONE.
"The more you get them [fruit flies] to consume erythritol, the faster they die," Sean O'Donnell, a professor of biology at Drexel University in Philadelphia, told CBS News.
A large body of research has proven the sweetener is safe for humans. Scientists say further study is needed to see if it could be a used as an effective form of pest control.
Interestingly, the idea for the study came from the young son of one of the researchers. Simon D. Kaschock-Marenda, currently a ninth grader, came up with the concept three years ago.
"I would have never studied it first without the initial inquisitiveness of a sixth grader," Simon's father, study co-author Daniel R. Marenda, an associate professor of biology at Drexel, told CBS News.
When Marenda and his wife decided to cut sugar from their diets and switch to artificial sweeteners, it gave Simon an idea for his science fair project.
"He wanted to test how healthy they [sweeteners] were," Marenda said. Simon decided to test them on fruit flies.
It was then that Daniel Marenda and his colleagues realized that the boy was onto something. So they conducted their own study and discovered the same result: the fruit flies fed with Truvia died much sooner than the fruit flies fed with other sweeteners, including Equal, PureVia and Sweet'N Low.
Further experiments showed that it was in fact a specific compound, erythritol, that was responsible for Truvia's toxic effect on the flies.
And now the researchers are trying to develop it into a pesticide that people will be able to use on fruit flies, and possibly other insects.
"We are hoping to develop it into a human-safe insecticide," O'Donnell said.
The all new
CBS News App for Android® for iPad® for iPhone®


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Can cats see in color?
I know cats can see in some colors. But do they see in all colors? Just like to know! Thanks(:
- Cast your vote for which answer you think is best!
For a long time people assumed that cats could see only gray tones. In the meantime we have learned that they can distinguish between some colors: for example, red and green or yellow and blue. Colors do not play a major role in a cat's life. A cat's eye orients itself to light and dark. It acts like a camera. In bright sunshine the pupils contract; at dusk they expand and catch even the tiniest glimpse of light. In this way your cat sees about six times better than you do.Cats can also "hear" with their eyes. Cats' eyes have nerve cells that transmit to the brain sounds that the ears no longer perceive. That's how even blind cats can catch flies. (from _URL_)
Izadore (Izzie) answered on 7/21/09. Helpful? / 0


Think You Know Old Novels? Test Yourself
If you're full of turkey, exhausted from shopping, and unable to watch another minute of football, curl up with this just-for-fun quiz.
The clue contains the title of one bestseller published between 1900 and 1970. Your answer should be the title of another bestseller of that period. Base your answers solely on the titles of the novels.
Need some help? Check the bestseller lists. There's a link above the logo for this page.
 1. Another term for The Deliverance.
 2. What might have been left in The Bishop's Carriage.
 3. A likely inhabitant for The House of Mirth.
 4. In Western nations, Seventeen is usually considered a year early
 5. He might have carried The Black Bag.
 6. A White Bird Flying might sing it.
 7. If WInter Comes, these may follow.
 8. The Little Shepherd of Kingdom Come might have carried it.
 9. Pride's Castle probably had them
 10. Who lead The Caine Mutiny?
I'll post my answers Wednesday, and we can compare notes.
Published by
Linda Aragoni
I make big ideas simple for learners. My program for turning teens and adults into competent writers is just eight sentences, 34 words.
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text:
Online solutions help you to manage your record administration along with raise the efficiency of the workflows. Stick to the fast guide to do Form DA 200, steer clear of blunders along with furnish it in a timely manner:
How to complete any Form DA 200 online:
- On the site with all the document, click on Begin immediately along with complete for the editor.
- Use your indications to submit established track record areas.
- Add your own info and speak to data.
- Make sure that you enter correct details and numbers throughout suitable areas.
- Very carefully confirm the content of the form as well as grammar along with punctuational.
- Navigate to Support area when you have questions or perhaps handle our Assistance team.
- Place an electronic digital unique in your Form DA 200 by using Sign Device.
- After the form is fully gone, media Completed.
- Deliver the particular prepared document by way of electronic mail or facsimile, art print it out or perhaps reduce the gadget.
PDF editor permits you to help make changes to your Form DA 200 from the internet connected gadget, personalize it based on your requirements, indicator this in electronic format and also disperse differently.


text:
Bainbridge Island, Washington, is home to a number of historical concrete structures that are remnants of the island's military past.
The presence of the United States naval base in Bremerton was one of the reasons for the establishment of coastal defense sites like Fort Ward. The Puget Sound Naval Shipyard in Bremerton has been an important facility for the United States Navy, particularly during the World War I and World War II eras when the threat of naval invasion was considered significant.
Fort Ward and other military installations in the Puget Sound area were part of the Harbor Defense of Puget Sound, a network of forts designed to prevent enemy ships from entering the inland waters and attacking naval assets, industrial facilities, and cities like Seattle and Tacoma. The strategic importance of protecting these naval and industrial resources led to the development of comprehensive coastal defense systems, including gun batteries, minefields, and observation posts, to secure the area against potential threats.
At lease five concrete bunkers are identified in the article below. If you know of more, please see the last FAQ below and let us know where it is!
Fort Ward's Concrete Bunkers
Fort Ward was established in the early 20th century, around the time of World War I, and was later expanded during World War II. The fort was part of a larger network of military installations intended to defend the important industrial and military facilities in the Bremerton area and the Seattle harbor.
The concrete structures you see scattered around the park include gun emplacements, bunkers, and ammunition magazines. These were built to be sturdy and long-lasting, and many have survived to this day, offering a glimpse into the area's military history. Some of these structures were designed to house large guns that could fire on enemy ships, while others were used for storing ammunition or for housing troops and command centers.
After World War II, the need for coastal defenses like Fort Ward diminished, and many of the military installations were decommissioned. The land was eventually turned over for public use, and Fort Ward became a state park then a city park.
Today, visitors to Fort Ward Park can explore these concrete structures, which have been preserved as historical artifacts. The park also offers recreational opportunities, including hiking, biking, camping and enjoying the natural beauty of the area.
The history of Fort Ward is a reminder of the strategic importance of the Puget Sound region in national defense plans during the first half of the 20th century. The remaining structures serve as a physical connection to the past and are a point of interest for both locals and visitors interested in military history. A more detailed history can be read in the Wikipedia entry.
The Bunkers in North Fort Ward, up the hill from the parking lot at 47.58990° N, 122.53166° W
The Bunkers in South Fort Ward at 47.58179° N, 122.52638° W
The Private Bunkers at 9751 NE South Beach Drive at 47.58179° N, 122.52638° W
The Bunkers on Fort Ward Watch Hill Dr at 47.58179° N, 122.52638° W
FAQ About the Decommissioned Fort Ward Concrete Bunkers
Q: What are the concrete bunkers at Fort Ward?
A: The concrete bunkers at Fort Ward are historical military structures that were part of the coastal defense system during World War I and World War II. They include gun emplacements, ammunition storage areas, and observation posts.
Q: When were the Fort Ward bunkers built?
A: The Fort Ward bunkers were built in the early 20th century, with construction starting around World War I and continuing through World War II as part of the fort's expansion and modernization.
Q: Why were the bunkers at Fort Ward decommissioned?
A: The bunkers were decommissioned after World War II when advances in military technology and changes in defense strategy made coastal fortifications like Fort Ward obsolete.
Q: Can the public visit the Fort Ward bunkers?
A: Many of the bunkers located within Fort Ward Park are accessible to the public and can be visited during park hours. However, some bunkers may be on private property and not open to the public.
Q: Are there any restrictions on modifying or demolishing the bunkers?
A: Restrictions on modifying or demolishing historical structures like the Fort Ward bunkers depend on local preservation laws and the historical status of the structures. Property owners should consult with local authorities before making any changes.
Q: Do the bunkers have any historical significance?
A: Yes, the bunkers are significant as they represent the military history of the Puget Sound region and the United States' coastal defense strategies during the early to mid-20th century.
Q: Are there guided tours available for the Fort Ward bunkers?
A: Availability of guided tours varies. Visitors should check with the Bainbridge Island Historical Museum or local tour operators for current offerings.
Q: Is it safe to explore the bunkers?
A: While many of the bunkers are safe to explore, visitors should exercise caution as some may have deteriorated over time. It's important to obey any posted signs or barriers and to avoid entering areas that appear unsafe.
Q: How are the bunkers being preserved?
A: Preservation efforts for the bunkers are typically managed by local historical societies, parks departments, or other preservation organizations. These efforts may include maintaining structural integrity, preventing vandalism, and providing educational materials about their history.
Q: Can the bunkers be rented for events or photography sessions?
A: Policies on renting the bunkers for private events or photography sessions vary and are subject to local regulations. Interested parties should contact the local parks department or relevant authorities for more information.
Q: What should I know about the Bunker House at 1577 Parkview Dr NE?
A: The Bunker House is a distinctive private residence on Bainbridge Island that incorporates a decommissioned World War II-era military bunker. It was creatively transformed into a modern home by Eggleston Farkas Architects, blending historical preservation with contemporary design. The property is privately owned, and the current owners' privacy should be respected. It is not open to the public for tours or visits. As for its value, the Zillow estimate for the Bunker House is around $2 million. For more details, you can view the property on Zillow. Please remember not to disturb the current owners or attempt to access the property without permission.
Q: How can I learn more about the history of Fort Ward and its bunkers?
A: To learn more about the history of Fort Ward and its bunkers, you can visit the Bainbridge Island Historical Museum.
Q: I know of another bunker! How do I notify you to update this article?
A: Use this contact form to contact our editorial department.


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Shallow Geothermal Energy Use for the Protestant School St. Marien in Neubrandenburg
The Evangelische Schulstiftung (Protestant School Foundation) in Mecklenburg-West Pomerania and North Elbia erected a new school in Neubrandenburg as part of its development into a Christian Community School. The investors focused on energy optimisation and sustainability. In addition to passive energy-saving measures, a green roof and rainwater utilisation, active systems such as photovoltaics and shallow geothermal energy were also planned. GTN was responsible for the latter.
A supply concept was developed and implemented that is based on combined heating and cooling using a groundwater reservoir with low-temperature systems (underfloor heating, etc.).
The groundwater flow of 35 m³/h is developed via a production and an injection well, each 30 m deep, and utilised by heat pumps with 180 kW heating output. Cooling energy is generated by direct heat exchange with the groundwater to the extent of 40 kW.
The school building is largely equipped with a system for concrete core activation.
- Preliminary geological exploration
- Numerical simulation
- Permitting procedures under the Water Act
- Planning, tendering and construction supervision for the systems of geothermal heat and cold production incl. asscociated pipe construction, electrical engineering and automation


Qwevla Pseudo 3D
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Encyclopedia > Races
Qwevla flag.png
The Qwevla pseudo-3D race portrait.
The Qwevla Pseudo-3D conversion is a partial shipset for Space Empires IV.
It was created by Andres Lescano, who applied a 3D bump-mapping tool to the 2-dimensional Space Empires III shipsets.
Biological Description
The Qwevla are a bulbous organic species that are hideously ugly. Due to their semi-solid form, they have enhanced their bodies with artificial exoskeletons. Without the technological physical enhancements, the Qwevla move very slowly and have difficulty sensing their environment. The Paretorian have an average lifespan of 70 years.
Society Description
The Qwevla are organized into an imperial government with an emperor considered to be the son of god. The people are in absolute thrall to the emperor and will do anything that he commands. Their race tends to be very reclusive and solitary. Due to their horrible appearance, they find relations with other races to be very difficult.
General History Description
The history of the the Qwevla has been very sparse. Few races will interact with them because of either their appearance or the lofty nature of their emperor. They have devoted much of their time to engineering pursuits and improving their exoskeletons.


text:
Pronunciation: (smûrch), [key]
1. to discolor or soil; spot or smudge with or as with soot, dust, dirt, etc.
2. to sully or tarnish (a person, reputation, character, etc.); disgrace; discredit.
1. a dirty mark or smear, as of soot, dust, dirt, etc.
2. a stain or blot, as on reputation.
Random House Unabridged Dictionary, Copyright © 1997, by Random House, Inc., on Infoplease.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
2000 liters Water Tank AutoCAD Block
The AutoCAD DWG file provides a detailed 2D plan and elevation views of a 2000-liter water tank.
This comprehensive drawing, available for free download, is an invaluable resource for engineers, architects, and project planners involved in the design and implementation of water storage systems.
The file includes precise specifications, aiding in the seamless integration of the tank into broader project designs, whether they be for residential, industrial, or agricultural applications.
This drawing can be especially useful in contexts where accurate water storage solutions are essential.


text:
Ground Anchor Systems For Buoyancy Control
Percussion Driven Earth Anchors (PDEA®) are ideal for counteracting buoyant conditions when a pipeline is constructed in an environment that is or may become saturated. Platipus pipe anchoring solutions eliminate the need for placing additional fill, the use of pipe saddles or weighted bags, pipe coatings, or encasing the pipe in concrete. At a fraction of the installed cost of these conventional systems, Platipus pipe anchor kits are transported economically and install quickly using conventional equipment. Anchor loading is field verified upon installation, and pipe anchor kits are available in temporary and permanent solutions.
In addition, with the increase of extreme global weather events creating instability, there has been a noticeable demand in the use of earth anchoring solutions for other associated pipeline right of way applications, such as surface erosion, slope stability, pipeline repair and stormwater management.


text:
The visualization below shows the burritos and their ratings in San Diego. The burritos are groups based on the
the location(ie. shop) which in turn is grouped based on the neighbourhood. The visualization uses neighbourhood
and location as categorical variables. It uses overall ratings as quantatitive variables. Information from quite a
few other fields are displayed in the detail section when one hovers over a circle.
Marks: There are two marks ie. circles and nested containment. Circles are used as marks and it depicts a neighbourhood/location/burrito. Nested Containment is another mark in this viz. Locations are contained within neighbourhood's circle and burritos are contained inside location's circle
Channels: There are two channels ie. color hue for displaying burrito ratings and depth for relationships between neighbourhood, locations and burritos.
Interaction: (1). Hover: User can over a circle to view details. The detail view displays corresponding details for neighbourhood/location/burrito.(2). Click: User can click a circle to zoom into the view. There are three levels to zoom in. Neighbourhoods > Locations > Burritos.


Our platform provides a feature to define "custom models" (this is: models that may obey a particular user-defined format, provided its execution is comformant to our standard), which is documented here.
However, the platform also provides a way to deploy different versions of the model (this involves creating a new service that is meant to be accessible to the end user, which makes use of the model version to make predictions with the incoming data) in real-time and maintain related details, and a way to access that deployed API service to make predictions.
Real-time API section
In the models section, select any model and then select edit version. There you will find a tab named REAL-TIME API.
_URL_
There, the user can see a list of the already defined model versions and:
To access the deployed service (for a specific version), our platforms offers a gateway which allows the user to access the corresponding resource via two different methods:
The customized path is optional and can be assigned to one version of the model (custom paths are unique among versions in the same model - when a version gains a new alias, the sibling version having it previously will automatically lose it and have no customized path until a new one is assigned to it), and later changed as will.
The custom path will only consist of alphanumeric characters, underscores and hyphens.
This feature gives the end user flexibility to deploy new versions of a model and, by using custom paths and maintaining them across versions, update the service(s) without any need to change their client scripts to hit the gateway and make predictions.
_URL_
Example:
_URL_
_URL_


Category HELICOPTER AERODYNAMICS
Helicopter Dynamic Stability
General analysis of dynamic stability. While static stability defines the attitude stability, dynamic stability defines the nature of the helicopter motion after disruption of equilibrium. In equilibrium the helicopter travels in a straight line with constant velocity and without rotation. Such motion is called undisturbed. If equilibrium is disrupted, the helicopter rotates about its axes and the flight velocity and direction change. This motion is called disturbed. Disturbed motion may be either aperiodic or oscillatory.
Aperiodic motion is motion in one direction from the equilibrium position. For example, when equilibrium is disturbed the helicopter center of gravity deviates (Figure 101, solid line). After elimination of the factor causing disruption of the equilibrium, the nature of the disturbed motion may differ.
Helicopter Dynamic Stability
Figure 101. Dynamic stability.
If the center of gravity approaches the line of unperturbed motion (Figure 101a, dashed line), the helicopter has aperiodic stability; if the
helicopter center of gravity continues to deviate further from the equilibrium line (Figure 101b) the helicopter has aperiodic instability. Oscillatory motion is periodic back-and-forth motion relative to the equilibrium line.
If after disruption of equilibrium the helicopter center of gravity travels along a wave-like curvilinear trajectory and this motion is damped, the helicopter has oscillatory dynamic stability (Figure 101c). If the amplitude of the disturbed oscillatory motion increases, the helicopter has dynamic instability or oscillatory instability (Figure lOld).
Most frequently the disturbed motion of the helicopter is oscillatory, and the oscillations will be complex, since the helicopter oscillates simultaneously about all axes. Moreover, the short and long periodic oscillations are superposed on one another. The short-period helicopter oscillations are those about the center of gravity with account for the influence of the main rotor damping moment; the long-period oscillations are those about a center located at a considerable distance from the helicopter.
Helicopter transverse oscillations in the hovering regime. Let us
assume that the helicopter banks to the angle у in the hovering regime (Figure
102 a). We resolve the helicopter weight force into the components:
acting in the plane of symmetry, and G2 perpendicular to this plane. The
force = G sin у is unbalanced and causes sideslip of the helicopter. As
a result of the increase of the sideslip velocity, the main rotor cone-of-
revolution axis will tilt to the side opposite the slip (Figure 102b). The
force Px is created, which reduces the sideslip velocity and the moment of this
force reduces the bank angle. But the force P is less than the force G„;
о x 2
therefore, the sidelsip velocity will increase and the velocity will be maximal at the moment the helicopter arrives at the position shown in Figure 102 c.
Подпись:The helicopter continues its motion in the same Then the force G2 changes from driving to retarding,
Helicopter Dynamic Stability
Figure 102. Helicopter lateral oscillations.

Подпись:decreases. As a result, the tilt of the cone-of-revolution axis decreases and the moment of the force P^ about the longitudinal axis banks the helicopter in the opposite direction. When the helicopter reaches its maximal deviation (Figure 102e) further motion terminates. The cone-of-revolution axis coincides with the huh axis and the force P =0. But the force G
X /.
reaches a maximum and causes motion in the reverse direction and the whole cycle repeats. This transverse rocking of the helicopter will increase continuously, and the helicopter will turn over if these oscillations are not terminated in time.
We have examined in this example only the transverse oscillations, but in reality the transverse oscillations are supplemented by longitudinal and directional oscillations; therefore the pattern of the oscillatory motions will be more complex.
Longitudinal oscillations of helicopter in flight with horizontal velocity. If the longitudinal equilibrium of a helicopter is disturbed, longitudinal oscillations develop (Figure 103),i. e., the helicopter will travel along a wave-like trajectory. The existence of such oscillations is confirmed by flight tests in which automatic instruments record the nature of the helicopter oscillations about all axes. The longitudinal oscillations have a considerably longer period (total oscillation time) than the transverse oscillations. The amplitude of the longitudinal oscillations increases in the course of time, although more slowly than the amplitude of the transverse oscillations. Helicopter oscillations about the vertical axis also take place; however, they are performed with a period longer than the transverse oscillations but shorter than the longitudinal oscillations.
Helicopter Dynamic Stability
Figure 103. Helicopter longitudinal oscillations.
From this analysis we can conclude that the helicopter has dynamic instability. Therefore, if the equilibrium of the helicopter is disturbed it will have an oscillatory motion with increasing amplitude and cannot by itself eliminate these oscillations. This means that in every case of equilibrium disruption the pilot must take measures to restore the equilibrium, i. e., he must control the helicopter.
Helicopter Forced Vibrations
There are in the helicopter many sources of exciting forces which cause forced vibrations. Such sources include: main and tail rotors, powerplant,
transmission gearboxes, and transmission shafts.
Each of these sources creates exciting forces with a definite frequency.
The lowest exciting force frequency is that of the main rotor. It may be found from the formula
where n^r is the main rotor exciting force frequency; ng is the main rotor rps; к is the number of main rotor blades.
The frequency of the main rotor exciting forces varies in the range of 8-16 vibrations per second. The tail rotor excites forces with a frequency of 10 – 60 vibrations per second. The transmission shafts and gearboxes create a still higher frequency of the exciting forces: from 50 to several
hundred vibrations per second. The powerplant yields a broad spectrum of exciting forces with frequency of 600 – 1000 vibrations per second.
The primary forced vibration source is the main rotor with hinged blade support. Blade oscillations relative to all the hinges are also the source of many vibrations.
26k
Vibrations from the blades of the main and tail rotors are transmitted through the hubs and the airstream deflected by the blades. This slipstream strikes the tail boom and tail fin in the form of periodic pulses and causes vibrations.
All parts of the helicopter are subjected to forced vibrations, but the amplitude of these vibrations differs. The amplitude magnitude depends on the stiffness of the structure, the closeness of the source of the exciting forces, their magnitude and points of application, and on the degree of closeness to resonance. The degree of closeness to resonance is determined by the relative frequency v, equal to the ratio of the exciting force frequency to the natural vibration frequency
v = —- •
n
nat
The amplitude of forced vibrations can be expressed graphically, plotting the structure deformation vertically and the relative frequency horizontally (Figure 110). The relative deformation is the ratio of the deformation caused /180 by the dynamic load to the deformation created by the static load. From this graph we can draw the following conclusions:
The largest deformation or the largest amplitude occurs at resonance (v = 1). Therefore, resonant vibrations are very dangerous: they can lead
to structural failure due to material fatigue;
For v > 0.5 the vibration amplitude increases very rapidly and the structural deformation increases sharply;
For v > 1.5 there is a reduction of the structural deformation in comparison with the deformation caused by a static load of the same magnitude.
Thus, to reduce the structural deformation it is necessary to reduce the degree of closeness to resonance by altering the natural vibration frequency.
If the exciting force frequency is high, the natural vibration frequency must be reduced. Rubber vibration dampers are used in mounting the engine to the frame to avoid resonance. The use of shock mounts reduces the stiffness of the frame-engine structure, which leads to reduction of the natural vibration frequency and increase of the relative frequency (v > 1.5).
Подпись: ; ^dyn 11 і' Figure 110. Relative vibration amplitude versus relative frequency. 0 0.5 1 1.5 V Another example. The main rotor provides low-frequency exciting forces. The main rotor gearbox is mounted rigidly to the gearbox frame, without shock absorbers. This type of mounting increases the natural vibration frequency, and as a result the relative frequency is considerably less than
0.5.
Helicopter Forced Vibrations
The helicopter control linkage rods are most frequently subjected to forced vibrations. Therefore, it is particularly important to prevent resonance of the control rods. To this end the natural frequency of the rod is determined. If this frequency is close to the exciting force frequency in the region where the rod is located, the natural frequency must be changed. This frequency can be found from the approximate formula
where D is the rod cross-section diameter; l is the rod length;
E is the longitudinal elastic modulus; у is the specific weight of the material.
We see from this formula that the rod diameter must be increased or its length must be reduced in order to increase the natural vibration frequency.
If the rods are long, roller type supports are used to increase the frequency. When it is not possible to determine exactly the possibility of the occurrence of resonance, use is made of rods with inertial dampers. The inertial damper is a weight located inside the rod close to its midpoint, between two rubber plugs. The presence of the damper leads to rapid decay of the vibrations.
Under normal conditions


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Advanced excremeditation by a trained professional
Excremeditation is the most Slackful form of meditation, and is promoted by the Church of the SubGenius. It is a form of meditation involving defecating into a toilet and enjoying it. Here is a 12-step set of directions for advanced excremeditation (beginners should have already learned the basics of how to defecate into a toilet and enjoy it by now, so only do this AFTER mastering the basics, and please note the risks involved in this activity before attempting it, listed in the warnings after the 12 steps):
1) Eat a can of baked beans. Well, not the can itself, but the baked beans inside of the can. The can is made of metal, and eating it isn't good for you. Just eat the food inside a can of baked beans. If the can was big, you're all set with step 1. If it was a small can, eat another small can of baked beans (not the can itself, but the food inside)! Now you're ready for step 2.
2) Drink some coffee. The exact amount of coffee for step 2 varies depending on the person, but it should be caffeinated coffee, not decaf. If you are used to drinking coffee and can handle a lot of it, drink much more than usual. If you are especially sensitive to coffee and just a little makes you go Over The Edge, one cup of coffee is the perfect amount. For an average SubGenius, 2 or 3 cups of coffee should do the trick.
3) Eat some prunes, raisins, dried apricots, dried cherries, sun-dried tomatoes, dried apples, or some other manner of dried fruit. It doesn't matter if it's freeze-dried like the way astronauts eat or if it is the sticky sort of dried fruit like prunes. All that matters is that it's dried fruit.
4) Go outside and start jogging. The moderate exercise should have a good effect on your digestion. Keep jogging in the area near your home until you start to feel a bit ill and are farting a bit.
5) Rush immediately to your bathroom, slam the door, sit on the toilet, and take a dump. Push out as much fecal matter as possible, while having your eyes closed, your head resting on your hands, and your elbows resting on your knees. Remember to keep your hands clean and away from your rear end.
6) After the fecal matter has stopped flowing, stay in this pose, with your eyes closed, your head resting on your hands, and your elbows resting on your knees. Do not move an inch, or open your eyes, or use toilet paper, or anything. Focus all of your thoughts and energies on your colon and any feces that is still in there and needs to come out. Continue doing this until you feel that your colon has been emptied completely. Your hands should still be clean.
7) Your hands are still clean and your colon is empty, correct? Without getting up from the toilet, masturbate to some pornography (do this REGARDLESS of your gender... girls, this means you should have remembered a vibrator). Also, if you like to smoke cigarettes or frop, do that at this time as well. If you forgot to bring any of those things to the area near the toilet, well remember to leave them there next time.
8) Get yourself cleaned up. You probably need a VERY thorough shower at this point, and that's AFTER using up all the toilet paper.
9) Take some anti-diarrheal and anti-gas medicine (2 mg Loperamide HCl combined with 125 mg Simethicone). Combine this with some type of central nervous system depressant (a benzodiazepine or a sleep drug like Ambien if you are prescribed that type of drug, or some alcohol or a sleep-inducing antihistamine like Diphenhydramine HCl if you aren't on that type of prescription). Only use ONE central nervous system depressant though, and don't take too much, just a little. Then go straight to bed and fall asleep, and you will have very weird dreams.
10) With any luck, The Rupture will happen to you during your sleep, and you will wake up on the Pleasure Saucers surrounded by Alien Sex Goddesses, on the way to Planet X.
11) If you wake up back on Earth, this means The Conspiracy has prevailed yet again. Do not despair. This is what usually happens. You can try excremeditation again another time if you want.
12) Fnord. That is all.
WARNINGS: Excremeditation is for trained professionals only. Do not try this at home. Excremeditation may be hazardous to your health. Side effects may include abortion, ADHD, aging, agnosticism, AIDS, alcoholism, allergies, Alzhemer's, anaphylactic shock, anarchism, anhedonia, anorexia, anthrax, apostasy, asexuality, Asperger's, asthma, Astrocism, atheism, autism, becoming an alt.slack kook, bisexuality, blasphemy, blood clots, "Bob", Bozoid metamorphosis, brain damage, brainwashing, a British accent, broken bones, bronchitis, Buddhism, bulldada, cancer, Capitalism, cardiac arrest, cerebral hemorrhage, Christianity, clenched anus, coma, Communism, Confucianism, confusion, congestive heart failure, conservatism, constipation, coughing, delusions of grandeur, deportation to North Korea, deprogramming, diabetes, diarrhea, Discordianism, drowning, drug addiction, dry mouth, the Ebola virus, election to Congress, The End Times, endocrine disruption, epilepsy, erectile dysfunction, eternal salvation, excommunication, excremeditation, exorcism, falling down, fascism, fever, fibromyalgia, flatulence, fnord, furry fandom, Gender Identity Disorder, giraffe obsession, hallucinations, heterosexuality, Hinduism, homicide, homophobia, homosexuality, immortality, incarceration, incontinence, infectious diseases, influenza, insanity, insomnia, internal bleeding, invisibility, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Islam, Judaism, kidney failure, lactation, legal arrest, liberalism, libertarianism, liver damage, loose stools, lunacy, magical abilities, mental retardation, Mermaid Syndrome, misdiagnosis, mud butt, Multiple Personality Disorder, nationalism, nausea, neurosis, nihilism, nuclear war, the number 23, obesity, omnipotence, omniscience, pacifism, paganism, pain, Parkinson's, Pastafarianism, PatrioPsychotic AnarchoMaterialism, perversion, pinkeye, PMS, poisoning, poverty, promotion to CEO, prostitution, psychic powers, psychopathy, psychosis, PTSD, racism, reincarnation, resurrection, revitiligo, rigor mortis, runny nose, schism, schizophrenia, Scientology, sexhurt, sexism, Shintoism, Slack, sleep apnea, sneezing, sociopathy, species dysphoria, spontaneous human combustion, stroke, stupidity, sudden death, suicide, supernatural powers, surreality, sweating, swollen pineal gland, talking in palindromes, Taoism, tardive dyskinesia, telekinesis, terrorism, time travel, unemployment, viral infection, vitiligo, watery eyes, xenophobia, Yetinsyny, Zoroastrianism, and any other condition not mentioned. The Church of the SubGenius is not responsible for any damages. Void where prohibited by law. All rights reserved. Ph'nglui mglw'nafh Cthulhu R'lyeh wgah'nagl fhtagn.
Excremeditation caught on camera (a silent film):
Church of the SubGenius Excremeditation00:11
Church of the SubGenius Excremeditation
Yeti excremeditation and other bulldada:
Corpseduction by Rev.Norwood S Grimes04:01
Corpseduction by Rev.Norwood S Grimes.
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How a cup of tea can improve your negotiations
Wouldn't it be great if we could improve the way someone is feeling toward us before a negotiation, without them even knowing that we're doing anything? It turns out that there is something we can do, and it could be as simple as offering a cup of tea.
It may sound like an old fashioned way of solving problems. You've lost your job – tell me all about it over a cup of tea. You've had a big argument with your business partner – let's sit down and discuss it over a cup of tea.
While this might just seem like the kind of thing your mum would suggest to make things better, there's research to back up why that cup of tea (or any other hot drink) may well make a positive impact in your negotiations.
Negotiation and the importance of relationship
A key element of each and every negotiation is relationship. In fact, in our workshops, participants often comment that the biggest challenges they face are in managing the relationships with other parties in the negotiation.
The quality of the relationship is determined by the assumptions and perceptions we hold about each other. These fundamentally impact the way we approach a negotiation. If the other person is feeling hostile towards us, the result of the negotiation will be quite different to if they are feeling more positively towards us.
When we find someone to be a "warm" person rather than a "cold" person, we are more likely to have favourable perceptions of them. Psychological warmth is associated with traits such as trustworthiness, friendliness and helpfulness.
So, what can we do to improve the way someone is feeling towards us.
The neuroscience behind warmth and negotiation
puppet stringsResearchers from the University of Colorado and Yale University conducted two studies which demonstrated that it is possible to change a person's impressions and their behaviour, without them being aware of any external influences.
To understand these studies, it is important to know that neuroscientists have discovered that the part of our brain that is involved in processing physical sensations of warmth, is also responsible for processing psychological warmth.
In the first study, participants were primed by being given either a cup of hot coffee or a cup of iced coffee to hold. They were then given a description of a person. Based solely on the information provided, participants had to rate the person on a number of personality traits.
The researchers found that when participants were primed with a warm drink, they rated the person significantly higher in traits relating to warmth. For traits not relating to warmth there was no difference in ratings between the groups primed with hot or cold coffee. Holding the warm drink influenced participants' subsequent interpersonal judgments.
In the second experiment, participants were primed with either a warm or cold therapeutic cushion. They were then given two options:
 - get a bottled drink for yourself and a $1 voucher for a friend; or
 - get a bottled drink for a friend and a $1 voucher for yourself.
The results showed that the temperature priming impacted on how likely participants were to choose a gift for themselves rather than a friend. Twenty five percent of those primed with a cold cushion selected the gift for a friend compared with 54 percent of those primed with the warm cushion.
Put the kettle on for your next negotiation
boiling kettleSo, while we wouldn't recommend relying solely on this phenomenon as a strategy for your next negotiation, it does seem like a good idea so somehow prime your counterpart with a sense of physical warmth. So before your next negotiation, make sure you offer your negotiation counterpart a nice warm cup of tea!
Download our free Harvard-based negotiation planner here to get started. To learn more about interest based negotiation, we recommend the book "Getting to Yes by Roger Fisher & William Ury."
Read more blogs from our experts


text: In this article we present an algorithm to estimate the orientation of a robot relative to an orientation specified at the beginning of the process. This is done by computing the rotation of the robot between successive panoramic images, grabbed on the robot while it moves, using a subsymbolic method to match the images. The context of the work is Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) in unstructured and unmodified environments. As such, very few assumptions are made about the environment and the robot's displacement. The algorithm's performance depends on the value of a number of parameters being determined to provide overall good performance of the system. The performance is evaluated in different situations (trajectories and environments) with the same parameters and the results show that the method performs adequately for its intended use. In particular, the error is shown to be drifting slowly, in fact much slower than unprocessed inertial sensors, thus only requiring infrequent realignment, for example when relocalizing in a topological map. Limitations of the proposed methods are also shown and discussed.


Swiss Empa scientists and their colleagues have spent four years studying the potential of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to store heat from the warmth of summer into the cold of winter.
The theory behind this kind of heat storage is fairly straightforward: if you pour water into a beaker containing solid or concentrated sodium hydroxide (NaOH), the mixture heats up. The dilution is exothermic where chemical energy is released in the form of heat. Moreover, the sodium hydroxide solution is highly hygroscopic and able to absorb water vapor. The condensation heat obtained as a result warms up the sodium hydroxide solution even more.
Heat exchangers from instant water heaters provided the solution: the sodium hydroxide solution. Spirals along a pipe, absorbs water vapor and emits heat. Image Credit: Empa. Click image for the largest view.
We are still far from a sustainable energy supply. In Switzerland during 2014, 71 percent of all privately-owned apartments and houses were heated with fossil fuels, and 60 percent of the hot water consumed in private households is generated in the same way. In other words, a considerable amount of fossil energy could be saved if we were able to store heat from sunny summer days until winter time and retrieve it at the flick of a switch.
Materials capable of storing heat include those such as bricks or concrete that slowly release the stored heat, and others such as water or ethylene glycol that take in heat when they transform from a solid to a liquid. However, none of these materials can store heat energy over a long period as they simply naturally release it slowly over time. A material that could store heat energy for a long time and release it at the exact timing desired would be a boon for the field of renewable energy.
Is there a way to do this? It certainly looks like the Swiss have it. Since autumn of 2016, following several years of research, Empa has a plant on a lab scale in operation that works reliably and is able to store heat for the long term. But the road to get there was long and winding.
When heat energy is fed into a dilute sodium hydroxide solution in the form of heat, the water evaporates, the sodium hydroxide solution will get more concentrated and thus stores the supplied energy. This solution can be kept for months and even years, or transported in tanks. If it comes into contact with water (vapor) again, the stored heat is re-released.
That's how the theory works. But could the beaker experiment be replicated on a scale capable of storing enough energy for a single-family household? The Empa researchers Robert Weber and Benjamin Fumey rolled up their sleeves and got down to work. They used an insulated sea container as an experimental laboratory on Empa's campus in Dübendorf – a safety precaution as concentrated sodium hydroxide solution is highly corrosive. If the system were to spring a leak, it would be preferable for the aggressive liquid to slosh through the container instead of Empa's laboratory building.
Unfortunately, the first prototype didn't work as anticipated. The researchers had opted for a falling film evaporator – a system used in the food industry to condense liquids, most commonly, orange juice into a concentrate. Instead of flowing correctly around the heat exchanger, however, the thick sodium hydroxide solution formed large drops. It absorbed too little water vapor and the amount of heat that was transferred remained too low.
Then Fumey had a brainstorm. The viscous storage medium should trickle along a pipe in a spiral, absorb water vapor on the way and transfer the generated heat to the pipe. The reverse – charging the medium – should also be possible using the same technique, only the other way round. The idea worked. And the best thing about it is the spiral-shaped heat exchangers are already available from existing inventory as the heat exchangers from flow water heaters.
Fumey then optimized the lab system further by asking which fluctuations in NaOH concentration are optimal for efficiency? Which temperatures should the inflowing and outflowing water have? Water vapor at a temperature of five to ten degrees C is required to drain the store. The water vapor can be produced with heat from a geothermal probe, for example.
During the heat recovery process a 50-percent sodium hydroxide solution runs down the outside of the spiral heat exchanger pipe and is thinned to 30 percent in the steam atmosphere. The water inside the pipe heats up to around 50º Celsius – which is just about right for radiant floor heating.
To recharge the heat inventory, the 30-percent, "discharged" sodium hydroxide solution again trickles down around the spiral heat exchanger pipe. But now inside the pipe flows 60º C hot water, which could be produced by a solar collector. Then the water from the sodium hydroxide solution evaporates; the water vapor is removed and condensed. The condensation heat is conducted back into a geothermal probe, where it is stored. The sodium hydroxide solution that leaves the heat exchanger after recharging is concentrated back to 50 percent again, i.e. "charged" with thermal energy.
Fumey said, "This method enables solar energy to be stored in the form of chemical energy from the summer until the wintertime, and that's not all. The stored heat can also be transported elsewhere in the form of concentrated sodium hydroxide solution, which makes it flexible to use."
The search for industrial partners to help build a compact household system on the basis of the Empa lab model has now begun. The next prototype of the sodium hydroxide storage system could then be used in Switzerland's NEST building innovation project.
There have been many attempts at heat storage over the years, most all too vulnerable in heat loss to justify the investment, Here the Swiss have a fully static storage. This concept might well get to market. There are many questions yet to ask and answer, but this looks very good indeed.
2 Comments so far
 1. MattMusson on January 13, 2017 8:16 AM
 Many people do not know that Bat Masterson – western sheriff and gunfighter – became a writer for Chicago Newspaper late in life. Your article reminded me of the unfinished editorial that Masterson was working on when he died.
 He wrote, "It has been my experience in life that everything evens out. Take Ice for instance. The Rich have Ice in the Summer and the Poor have Ice in the Winter. So, it all evens out."
 2. Concrete trailer pump on September 22, 2017 4:58 AM
 Hope scientists can find ways that can store heat from the warmth of summer into the cold of winter. That will be amazing!
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Which was the first European nation to be absorbed by Nazi Germany?
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pohnpei397's profile pic
Posted on (Answer #1)
The answer to this depends on what you mean by "absorb." There will be a different answer if you are talking about Germany taking a country over without fighting than there will be if you are talking about military conquest and absorption.
If you are talking about military conquest, the correct answer would be Poland. Germany invaded Poland in September of 1939. It defeated Poland in about six weeks. It divided up conquered Poland with the Soviet Union as it had agreed to do before the war started.
However, I think that the better answer is Austria. This was the first country that Germany absorbed before the war started. It did so in a semi-voluntary annexation that is known as the "Anschluss." Much of the population of Austria welcomed this union with Germany because the people of both countries were ethnically German. Even so, Austria ceased to exist as a country for that time. Therefore, it is proper to say that Germany absorbed Austria.
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text:
Andrea L. Thomaz, Cynthia Breazeal
As robots become a mass consumer product, they will need to learn new skills by interacting with typical human users. Past approaches have adapted reinforcement learning (RL) to accept a human reward signal; however, we question the implicit assumption that people shall only want to give the learner feedback on its past actions. We present findings from a human user study showing that people use the reward signal not only to provide feedback about past actions, but also to provide future directed rewards to guide subsequent actions. Given this, we made specific modifications to the simulated RL robot to incorporate guidance. We then analyze and evaluate its learning performance in a second user study, and we report significant improvements on several measures. This work demonstrates the importance of understanding the human-teacher/robot-learner system as a whole in order to design algorithms that support how people want to teach while simultaneously improving the robot's learning performance.
Subjects: 12.1 Reinforcement Learning; 6. Computer-Human Interaction


text:
T. M. Schmidt, B. Chazelas, C. Lovis, X. Dumusque, F. Bouchy, F. Pepe, P. Figueira, D. Sosnowska
In the last decade, white-light illuminated Fabry-Pérot interferometers have been established as a widely used, relatively simple, reliable, and cost-effective way to precisely calibrate high-resolution echelle spectrographs. However, a recent study reported a chromatic drift of the Fabry-Pérot interferometer installed at the Habitable-zone Planet Finder spectrograph. In particular, they found that the variation of the etalon effective gap size is not achromatic, as has usually been assumed, but that, in fact, it depends on wavelength. Here, we present a similar study of the Espresso Fabry-Pérot interferometer. Using daily calibrations spanning a period of over 2.5 yr, we also find clear evidence for a chromatic drift with an amplitude of a few cm s−1 per day with a characteristic, quasi-oscillatory dependence on wavelength. We conclude that this effect is probably caused by the aging of the dielectric mirror coatings and we expect that similar chromatic drifts might affect all Fabry-Pérot interferometers used for the calibration of astronomical spectrographs. However, we also demonstrate that the chromatic drift can be measured and, in principle, corrected using only standard calibrations based on hollow cathode lamp spectra.
instrumentation: spectrographs / techniques: spectroscopic / techniques: radial velocities
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Volume 664, Article Number A191, Number of pages 8


text:
Topic Page: Lloyd George, David, _PHONE_ Definition: Lloyd George from Collins English Dictionary n 1 David, 1st Earl Lloyd George of Dwyfor. 1863–1945, British Liberal statesman: prime minister (1916–22). As chancellor of the exchequer (1908–15) he introduced old age pensions (1908), a radical budget (1909), and an insurance scheme (1911) Summary Article: Lloyd George, David 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyf or from The Columbia Encyclopedia (du'ē vôr), 1863–1945, British statesman, of Welsh extraction. Lloyd George was a brilliantly eloquent, forceful, and creative statesman, but he was often unscrupulous and opportunistic in his methods and widely mistrusted.
Early Career Elected (1890) to Parliament as a Liberal, the young Lloyd George soon became known as a radical and an anti-imperialist. He bitterly opposed the South African War. In 1905 he entered Sir Henry CampbellBannerman's ministry as president of the board of trade, establishing an outstanding reputation for his welfare reforms. In 1908 he was appointed chancellor of the exchequer by Herbert Asquith, later 1st earl of Oxford and Asquith. The rejection by the House of Lords of his 1909 budget, which provided for a system of social insurance partly financed by land and income taxes, led to passage of the Parliament Act of 1911, by which the Lords lost its power of veto (see Parliament). Image from: David Lloyd George (186 3–19 4 5) (Illustrated... in Alcohol and Temperance in Modern History: An International Encyclopedia
During World War I In 1911, Lloyd George made his famous Mansion House speech, in which he warned Germany that Britain would not tolerate interference with its international interests. After the outbreak of World War I, Lloyd George remained chancellor until 1915 when he became minister of munitions. He was then (1916) minister of war before he succeeded (Dec., 1916) in ousting Asquith and formed his own coalition government. Lloyd George immediately reorganized the structure of the government, creating a small war cabinet of five (which when attended also by representatives of the dominions and India became the Imperial war cabinet) and forming for the first time a cabinet secretariat. His war policy was bold and aggressive, and, although he was often at odds with the military leaders, he was largely responsible for the unification of military command under Marshal Ferdinand Foch. At the Paris Peace Conference (1919), Lloyd George exercised a moderating influence on both the harsh demands of Georges Clemenceau and the idealistic proposals of Woodrow Wilson, and to a large extent he shaped the final agreement (see Versailles, Treaty of).
Af t er t he War
A general election in 1918 had given Lloyd George and his coalition a substantial majority, but he was heavily dependent on Conservative support. This fact accounts at least partially for the repressive policy he adopted in Ireland, although he finally concluded the treaty that set up (1922) the Irish Free State. In 1922 the Chanak crisis occurred, in which Lloyd George delivered an ultimatum to the Turks, who, having seized Smyrna from the Greeks, were poised to strike across the neutralized Straits zone. The Turks agreed to withdraw, but in Britain Lloyd George was accused of recklessness. The Conservatives withdrew from the coalition, and his ministry fell (1922). Lloyd George continued to be active in Parliament and, despite the fact that he was disliked by many Liberals for his treatment of Asquith, served (1926–31) as the leader of the by-then shattered Liberal party. In 1936 he visited and was much impressed by Adolf Hitler, but he later attacked the policy of appeasing Nazi Germany. He was raised to the peerage only a few months before his death.
Bibliography See his War Memoirs (6 vol., 1933–36; 2 vol., 1943) and Memoirs of the Peace Conference (1939). biographies by William George, his brother (1958), M. Gilbert (1968), and F. L. Lloyd George, his widow (1971). K. O. Morgan (1971) and J. Grigg (3 vol., 1973–85). The Columbia Encyclopedia, © Columbia University Press 2017
APA Lloyd George, David 1st Earl lloyd-george of dwyfor. (2017). In P. Lagasse, & Columbia University, The Columbia encyclopedia (7th ed.). New York, NY: Columbia University Press. Retrieved from _URL_
Chicago "Lloyd George, David 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor." In The Columbia Encyclopedia, by Paul Lagasse, and Columbia University. 7th ed. Columbia University Press, 2017. _URL_
Harvard Lloyd George, David 1st Earl lloyd-george of dwyfor. (2017). In P. Lagasse & Columbia University, The Columbia encyclopedia. (7th ed.). [Online]. New York: Columbia University Press. Available from: _URL_ [Accessed 3 July 2018].
MLA "Lloyd George, David 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor." The Columbia Encyclopedia, Paul Lagasse, and Columbia University, Columbia University Press, 7th edition, 2017. Credo Reference, _URL_ Accessed 03 Jul. 2018.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I was here earlier and got a hand adding to chars ascii references to increment the cipher shift on each letter. However i have no idea how to fix the problem of characters being higher than 'z'.
Can someone give me a hint towards how to wrap around when the characters reach the end of the alphabet. I don't expect anyone to do my work for me, of course.
char decrypt(char letter)
int increment = 9;
if(letter =='')
 return letter;
letter += increment;
return letter;
int main()
char message[446]; int i = 0; char space ='';
ifstream in("encryptedText.txt");
if(in.getline(message, 446))
 cout << decrypt(tolower(message[i])) << endl;
{cout << "Can't read file" << endl;}
cout << endl;
share|improve this question
_USER_... it's worth bearing in mind that the ascii characters can be directly translated into digits. It would help you if you thought about them as digits... google search for ascii table and you can see the universally applicable numeric values that you can use for future "letter maths". – Dennis Dec 13 '11 at 14:21
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1 Answer
up vote 4 down vote accepted
The modulo operation is your friend. Whenever integers form a ring instead of a sequence, a modulo operation can be applied, like:
5 % 4 == 17 % 4
You need to compute this in the integer space relative to 'a', of course, subtracting 'a' appropriately.
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That's a good answer to a homework question. It helps without doing the asker's work. +1 from me. – sbi Dec 13 '11 at 12:53
Thanks _USER_, appreciate it! – Marobri Dec 13 '11 at 13:07
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text:
Intensity normalization is an important preprocessing step in brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) analysis. During MR image acquisition, different scanners or parameters would be used for scanning different subjects or the same subject at a different time, which may result in large intensity variations. This intensity variation will greatly undermine the performance of subsequent MRI processing and population analysis, such as image registration, segmentation, and tissue volume measurement.
In this work, we proposed a new histogram normalization method to reduce the intensity variation between MRIs obtained from different acquisitions. In our experiment, we scanned each subject twice on two different scanners using different imaging parameters. With noise estimation, the image with lower noise level was determined and treated as the high-quality reference image. Then the histogram of the low-quality image was normalized to the histogram of the high-quality image. The normalization algorithm includes two main steps: (1) intensity scaling (IS), where, for the high-quality reference image, the intensities of the image are first rescaled to a range between the low intensity region (LIR) value and the high intensity region (HIR) value; and (2) histogram normalization (HN),where the histogram of low-quality image as input image is stretched to match the histogram of the reference image, so that the intensity range in the normalized image will also lie between LIR and HIR.
We performed three sets of experiments to evaluate the proposed method, i.e., image registration, segmentation, and tissue volume measurement, and compared this with the existing intensity normalization method. It is then possible to validate that our histogram normalization framework can achieve better results in all the experiments. It is also demonstrated that the brain template with normalization preprocessing is of higher quality than the template with no normalization processing.
We have proposed a histogram-based MRI intensity normalization method. The method can normalize scans which were acquired on different MRI units. We have validated that the method can greatly improve the image analysis performance. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that with the help of our normalization method, we can create a higher quality Chinese brain template.


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E-Dogz is a collaborative mobile kitchen project that is a platform for the cross-pollinating of foodways. Through collaborative cooking practices, Eric "E-Dog" May develops recipes with guest chefs that reflect the contemporary food landscape while promoting evolving cultural expressions. The guest chefs that work with E-Dogz range from professionals to home cooks and from artists to scientists with whom Erichas struck a dialog with in his continual food- obsessed travels and research. Oftentimes, he allows for the collaborator to guide the menu with their own recipes and traditions, while Eric plays role more as curator of ingredients, bringing to the table flora and fauna that demonstrate his worldview of contemporary eating- a common sense, sustainable approach that challenges societal prejudices toward food sources. E-Dogz intends to bridge cultural ideas about eating and cooking and promote discourse about food, advocating deeper understandings of what we eat- where it comes from and who is making it. The practices of cooking and eating are undeniably central to our lives and thusly are an easy-to-pick up conversation topic that transcends social differences. Street food, the kind of stuff prepared with modest facilities and resources and served out in the open to the public is a catalyst for such engagement. The sites of street food serve as urban oases for ever-shifting populations, gathering places for hungry working people and sites of cultural expression and lively discussion. Promoting a democratic, evolving cuisine is the goal of the E-Dogz project.
Like hotdogs and pizza, BBQ is one of those foods with fierce regional allegiances. In projects such as the International Hotdog Forum, E-Dogz has set aside such arguments for the sake of celebrating the diversity of all the great working class food traditions. For Speakeasy, E-Dogz will be showcasing the similarities and differences of Kansas City and Chicago styles of BBQ, while charting the history of these great traditions. Like Kansas City style BBQ, Chicago style has roots in the south, the former a direct descendant of Memphis style BBQ brought to KC by pitmaster Henry Perry and the latter style traveling up from the Mississippi Delta during the Second Great Migration in the 1950's. The two styles have much in common- like all (real) BBQ the meat is smoked over hard wood and both share similarities in their sauce recipes- tomato based, thick, and sweet. Both Chicago and Kansas City were (and are) hubs of transportation and commerce with prevalent meatpacking industries, so we can safely call them carnivorous towns.
Join us on Friday, April 6th from 6-9 PM, as we celebrate the great Midwestern tradition of smoking meat over hardwood!


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Baltimoreans support a broad approach to fighting crime
A majority of respondents supported harsher punishments and increased police presences as well as gun control and prevention programs like Safe Streets.
This collection of pie charts visualizes the responses by percent of Baltimoreans support for a wide range of crime fighting strategies. This visualization includes data not included in the story. 68% of respondents support allocating funding from the police budget to various social, mental health, and drug treatment programs.
Note: Baltimore Now was conducted by The Baltimore Banner and Goucher College Poll between May 17 and May 23. The margin of error is 3.09%.


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Charles Bridges promotion, Castine, 1861Item 66910 info
Maine Historical Society
Bridges was 22 when the Castine Light Infantry militia unit to which he belonged became part of the new 2nd Maine Infantry.
At the outbreak of war, President Abraham Lincoln had asked the states for 75,000 men to serve for ninety days – at the time, few expected a long war – and Maine was asked for one regiment, or 1,000 men.
In a declaration of patriotism, the legislature approved raising 10 two-year regiments, combining existing militiamen with new volunteers.
Five militia companies from Bangor and Penobscot Bay, more ceremonial than martial, anchored the 2nd Maine. The Castine Light Infantry became Company B.


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The Assut de l'Or Bridge (Valencian: Pont de l'Assut de l'Or, Spanish: Puente de la Presa del Oro) is a white single-pylon cable-stayed bridge in the City of Arts and Sciences in Valencia, Spain, designed by Valencian architect and civil engineer Santiago Calatrava and completed in December 2008. The name l'Assut de l'Or is Valencian for the Dam of the Gold and refers to a dam that was located nearby, although locally it is referred to as El Jamonero (The Ham Holder) or Pont de l'Arpa, Spanish: Puente del Arpa (The Harp Bridge). Calatrava called it the Serreria Bridge.
The bridge crosses the Túria Gardens in southeast Valencia, Spain near the east end of the City of Arts and Sciences complex. Its design is a variant of Santiago Calatrava's 1992 design of a cantilever spar cable-stayed bridge in Seville, Spain. In the Serreria bridge, the pylon is curved backward and back-stayed to concrete counterweights in the roadway. The aesthetic effect of the Serreria bridge arises in part from the curved pylon and the 29 parallel cables supporting the bridge deck, accented at night by spot lighting of the cables and the pylon. The bridge deck has two carriageways, three lanes each for cars and one additional lane for a tramway, and a carriageway for only pedestrian and cycle traffic along the middle spine of the deck by the cable stays.
Wander is a travel search engine that allows you to find the perfect travel destination that fits your budget and preferences.


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I wasn't able to find any specific quotes from JK addressing this, but I did come across a post on MuggleNet from a contributor named Leah which speculated regarding a Celtic legend she happened upon in a bookstore. She explains the story in length, but summarizes it in this way:
Now, there are obvious similarities between [the main character's] mare and thestrals, such as their remarkable traveling abilities, their appearance, and their association with abstract things such as destiny, death, and magic. Rowling's thestrals were carnivorous, which brings me back to the bird, kestrel.
Kestrels are mentioned in Quidditch Through the Ages as the name of a team, denoting that Rowling is familiar with them. Kestrels are dark birds of prey, with white patches below their eyes. Perhaps Rowling combined these birds with the mare of doom? One thing I also caught was N'oun Doare's education by a Druid and his return at 17. Druids were ancient scholars and magicians who are believed to have practiced rituals in such places as Stonehenge. He reminds me very much of a certain young wizard…
I do not know if this is the story where J.K. Rowling discovered her intriguing creature, but one is allowed to speculate, no?
This seems a potential jumping off point for some further investigation, but of course not a solid answer.


job name template
In CloudBees CD, a template used to determine the default name for jobs launched from the procedure. You can create a job name template when you create a procedure. For example: In the Job Name Template field, you might enter: 93436[/increment /myproject/jobCounter]0, which produces a name like: projectFoo_1234_20140102130321. You can enter any combination of elements to create procedure names more meaningful to you. For example, you could choose to include the build number and procedure name.


Flipper Zero
Flipper Zero: Empowering Hardware Enthusiasts with Versatile Security Solutions
Flipper Zero emerges as a pioneering multifunctional device, revolutionizing the realm of hardware hacking and security testing. Catering to the needs of hardware enthusiasts, security researchers, and pentesters, this open-source gadget serves as a Swiss Army knife of innovation and exploration.
At its core, Flipper Zero excels in RFID and NFC emulation and hacking capabilities, allowing users to emulate a myriad of cards and intercept signals seamlessly. Additionally, its prowess extends to infrared control, enabling users to manipulate various appliances through learned and replayed signals.
However, Flipper Zero is not merely limited to these functionalities. Armed with an array of hardware hacking tools, including GPIO pins, SPI, I2C, and UART interfaces, it facilitates extensive hardware debugging. Moreover, its compatibility with diverse radio protocols such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and Zigbee broadens its scope of application.
What truly sets Flipper Zero apart is its Tamagotchi-like interface, which evolves and grows in capabilities as users engage with it, injecting an element of gamified learning into the process. Furthermore, its expandability through custom firmware and applications underscores its adaptability to specific user requirements.
Fueling its development is a vibrant and inclusive community, actively contributing to its growth and fostering collaboration. This community-driven approach ensures continuous improvement and innovation, enriching the Flipper Zero experience for all users.
From penetration testing to research and development endeavors, Flipper Zero serves as a catalyst for exploration and creativity. However, it's imperative for users to exercise responsibility, adhering to legal frameworks governing hacking and security testing. Additionally, while Flipper Zero offers a user-friendly interface, proficiency in programming and hardware hacking concepts may be advantageous for certain functionalities.
In conclusion, Flipper Zero stands as a beacon of empowerment for hardware enthusiasts, offering a versatile toolkit for security solutions and creative problem-solving. With its open-source ethos and supportive community, it paves the way for endless possibilities in the ever-evolving landscape of hardware hacking and pentesting. For the latest updates and developments, exploring the Flipper Zero website and communities is recommended.
Online course cybersecurity
Upskilling for the Future: Mastering Cybersecurity Through Online Courses
Online Course Cybersecurity: Empowering Individuals and Businesses in the Digital Age
In today's interconnected world, cybersecurity has become an essential shield against a constantly evolving threat landscape. Businesses and individuals alike require robust defenses to protect their data and infrastructure. Fortunately, the rise of online course cybersecurity has opened a gateway to accessible and effective education, empowering individuals and organizations to build their cybersecurity expertise.
Why Choose Online Cybersecurity Courses?
Flexibility: Unlike traditional education, online cybersecurity courses offer the convenience of learning at your own pace and schedule. This caters to busy professionals and individuals juggling work, family, or other commitments.
Cost-Effectiveness: Compared to traditional university programs, online cybersecurity courses are often significantly more affordable. This makes them a viable option for individuals and organizations seeking budget-friendly upskilling opportunities.
Accessibility: With an internet connection, geographical limitations vanish. Learners across the globe can access top-tier cybersecurity education from renowned institutions and industry experts.
Popular Options in Online Cybersecurity Courses:
The cybersecurity field offers diverse career paths, and online cybersecurity courses cater to various learning levels and specialties:
 - Fundamentals: Beginner-friendly courses like Google's Cybersecurity Professional Certificate equip learners with the core concepts of cybersecurity, network security, and system administration.
 - Certifications: Industry-recognized certifications such as CompTIA Security+ validate your knowledge and enhance your resume, making you a more competitive candidate in the job market.
 - Advanced Skills: For experienced professionals, specialized courses in penetration testing, security operations, and digital forensics can help refine existing skillsets and unlock career advancement opportunities.
Expanding Your Cybersecurity Knowledge Base:
The learning journey extends beyond completing an online course cybersecurity. Several valuable resources can supplement your knowledge and keep you updated on evolving cyber threats:
 - Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP): This non-profit organization provides a wealth of free information and resources on web application security vulnerabilities and best practices.
 - National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Cybersecurity Framework: This framework offers a set of guidelines that organizations and individuals can utilize to build a strong cybersecurity posture.
 - Industry Blogs and Publications: Staying informed about the latest cyber threats and vulnerabilities is crucial. Subscribing to industry blogs and publications authored by reputable cybersecurity professionals can provide valuable insights and keep you ahead of the curve.
Investing in online course cybersecurity is an excellent strategy for both individuals and organizations. The flexibility, affordability, and accessibility of online learning platforms empower individuals to build their skillsets and organizations to strengthen their cybersecurity posture. By combining online cybersecurity courses with additional resources and continuous learning, you can navigate the ever-evolving world of cybersecurity with confidence and competence.
How to Access the Dark Web
Safely Navigating the Dark Web
Disclaimer: Accessing the Dark Web can be risky and involve illegal activities depending on your location and actions. This guide is for informational purposes only and does not encourage or endorse any illegal activity. Always prioritize your safety and legal compliance when exploring the Dark Web.
Introduction:
dark webThe Dark Web, shrouded in mystery and misconception, represents a hidden portion of the internet accessible through special tools. While it harbors both legal and illegal content, approaching it cautiously and responsibly is crucial. This guide delves into the technical aspects of navigating the Dark Web safely, emphasizing the use of the Tor Browser and providing best practices for secure exploration.
Understanding the Foundation: The Tor Network
The Tor network stands at the heart of Dark Web access. This decentralized infrastructure anonymizes user identities by routing internet traffic through a series of volunteer-operated servers, encrypting it at each step. Imagine an onion with multiple layers; each layer of encryption peels away, masking your true identity.
Setting Up the Tor Browser: Your Gateway to Anonymity
 1. Download from the Source: Head to the official Tor Project website (_URL_://www.torproject.org) and choose the Tor Browser compatible with your operating system. Downloading directly from the source ensures authenticity and security.
 2. Follow Installation Instructions Carefully: Meticulously follow the installation instructions. While the Tor Browser is designed for user-friendliness, understanding the process strengthens your security posture.
 3. Launch and Navigate: Once installed, launch the Tor Browser. It automatically establishes connections to the Tor network, creating a secure tunnel for your online activities.
Navigating the Dark Web: Unveiling Hidden Corners with .onion Links
With the Tor Browser ready, let's explore the Dark Web. Websites here typically end with ".onion," denoting their residency within the Tor network. Remember, the Dark Web often mirrors the "surface web" but with added anonymity.
Discovering Hidden Treasures:
Securing Your Journey: Best Practices for Digital Explorers
 - Customizing Security Settings: The Tor Browser offers a security slider allowing you to balance functionality and anonymity. Adjust it based on your comfort level and risk tolerance. Remember, stricter settings may limit some functionalities.
 - Mitigating Risks: Consider disabling JavaScript, especially on untrusted sites. While it might limit some functionalities, it adds a layer of protection against potential vulnerabilities.
 - Regularly Update Tor: Keep your Tor Browser updated to ensure you have the latest security patches and bug fixes.
Cautionary Steps: Safeguarding Your Digital Footprint
 - Anonymity is Key: Guard your personal information zealously. Use pseudonyms and avoid revealing identifiable details to maintain your anonymity.
 - Verify Before Interaction: Always verify the legitimacy of websites before interaction. Rely on trusted directories, forums, and user reviews to assess a site's reliability.
 - Cryptocurrency Shields Against Scams: If engaging in transactions, use cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin or Monero. This enhances privacy and protects against potential scams and fraud. Remember, cryptocurrency transactions can be irreversible.
Legal Compass: Navigating the Digital Wild West
Understanding the legal implications of Dark Web exploration is paramount. Ignorance of the law offers no excuse, so legal awareness is your compass in this digital frontier.
 - Know Your Jurisdiction: Familiarize yourself with the laws governing online activities, privacy, and anonymity in your region. Legal boundaries can vary even within the same country, so thorough research is crucial.
 - Ethical Responsibility: Uphold ethical standards while exploring the Dark Web. Respect legal frameworks, contribute positively to the communities you encounter, and remember that ethical choices foster a safer online environment for all.
The Art of Responsible Exploration: Concluding the Odyssey
Congratulations on reaching the end of this guide! Equipped with the Tor Browser, valuable .onion links, and a deep understanding of security and legal considerations,
Hacker History: In-Depth Exploration from Pioneers to Cybersecurity
The world of hacking has undergone a remarkable evolution, shaped by brilliant minds pushing the boundaries of technology. From the early pioneers exploring systems out of curiosity to the modern cybersecurity experts defending against sophisticated threats, the hacker landscape is rich


text: Phenolic and Garolite are high temp resistant, very rigid, and mechanically stable. Often used for fixturing (think PCB bed of nails testing, soldering fixturing, etc.), housings, bearing linings, electrical insulators, etc. Can be machined, ground, sanded, etc. Think of phenolic as being similar to an epoxy resin with a paper or linen or other fabric filler in layers. Phenolic often has a "wood grain" appearance due to its color and the fabric layers used. It can be ground and polished to a glossy, attractive finish. Garolite usually has a "flour" filler added to the resin instead of the fabric, resulting in a more homogeneous appearance. Both are often overlooked by inexperienced engineers because they are thermoset materials (i.e., does not lend itself to high quantity injection molding like most thermoplastics) and are typically not used in very high quantity applications due to the type of processing required, but each has its place.


_USER_{Magma:software, key = {Magma}, type = {Web Site}, organization = {Computational Algebra Group, \URL[School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Australia]{_URL_ note = {A software package (the successor to CAYLEY) designed to solve computationally hard problems in algebra, number theory, geometry, and combinatorics, and to provide a mathematically rigorous environment for computing with algebraic, number-theoretic, combinatoric, and geometric objects.}, links = {\URL[Magma]{_URL_


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This is a jointly delivered programme between the Department of Economics at Trinity College Dublin and the Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI). The Economic Policy programme of Trinity College Dublin is aimed students who do not have a background in economics or who wish to refresh their economics knowledge through a policy angle. This programme will enable graduates to engage with international and national economic research with relevance for Irish policy formation. It will cover a range of key policy areas including, but not limited to, health economics, housing, climate change, banking, regulation, behavioural economics, taxation and welfare.
This degree will provide you with a unique understanding of the complex challenges of contemporary governance, providing a real-world context to the policy-making skills you will develop
This is the only masters programme in Ireland which has been specifically designed for those working in the public sector and/or policy design and evaluation who do not have a background in Economics to allow them to better engage with international and national economic research with relevance for Irish policy formation. The combination of expertise from TCD's Economics Department and the policy focussed research at the ESRI provides a unique programme which combines technical and evaluation expertise applied to Irish policy challenges.
- Micro Economic Policy
- Macro Economic Policy
- Quantitative Methods for Economics
- Research Methods for Economics
- Applied policy evaluation
- Behavioural Economics
- 24 months
Start dates & application deadlines
- Apply before , EEA/EU
DisciplinesEconomics Econometrics Public Policy View 10 other Masters in Econometrics in Ireland
- Admission to the course is competitive. Applicants will be expected to have a level 8 Bachelor's degree at 2.1 or above in any discipline and five years policy experience.
- Applicants with less than five years experience or a level 7 qualification with eight years experience in a policy relevant area will be considered on a case by case basis by the Dean of Graduate Studies."
EU/EEA15000 EUR/yearTuition FeeBased on the tuition of 15000 EUR per year during 24 months.
Living costs for Dublin
Apply and win up to €10000 to cover your tuition fees.


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If the V.ALRT will not stay connected or continuously blinks, you may need to restart the V.ALRT device. You can do this by following the steps below.
- Power off the V.ALRT by pressing and holding the button for 30 seconds. Once you hear two beeps and two flashing red lights the device will be turned off. (Tip: Wait the full 30 seconds until you hear the two beeps before releasing)
- Open the V.ALRT application on the phone and go to device manager.
- Click on the minus sign to remove the device from the application.
- Restart the V.ALRT device by pressing and holding the button for ~10 seconds or until you hear a beep followed by a flashing green light.
- Once the device has been put in pairing mode you can select it in the application. (Tip: The app may take 10-20 seconds to complete the pairing process.)