text:
The method is as follows:
1, presses the WIN+R key to exhale the running window, enters regedit, the carriage return enters registers the Registry Editor;
2, expand to Hkey_current_usercontrol paneldesktop, find the Logpixels key value on the right, delete it;
3, if you do not find the Logpixels key value, in the desktop blank right click, select Personalized "display, adjust the size of all items, click Application, you can find the Logpixels key value, choose to delete it;"
4, then restart the computer, or set the system background picture can be.


text:
Drug Abuse is Suicide
One of Mikhail Gorbachev's most famous reform movements was glasnost' (openness), which allowed partial freedom of the press to address social problems and corruption within the Soviet Union. Among the issues raised during the glasnost' era of the Soviet Union were public health concerns, which became a prominent issue by the late 1980s. Drug abuse, for example, could be publicly discussed for the first time inside the Soviet Union as a result of glasnost'. This poster directly addresses the social crisis created by drug abuse with its simple slogan ("Drug Abuse is Suicide") and its clear picture depicting a needle. The new ideas of the glasnost' era allowed social reformers to represent drug abuse as a personal problem (note the use of "suicide") rather than as a state problem. Drug abuse was a crime against yourself, not against the Communist Party.
To view the associated Teaching Case Study, click here.
"Drug Abuse is Suicide," Soviet Union, courtesy of the Wende Museum, Los Angeles, CA, 1988.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
parallelogram of forces
If a particle is under the action of two forces,
which are represented in magnitude and direction by the two sides of a parallelogram
drawn from a point (F1 and F2 in the diagram), the resultant
(R) of the two forces is represented by the diagonal of the parallelogram
drawn from that point.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
noun, plural: chromaffin cells
Any of the cells (mostly found) in adrenal medulla and in other ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system that stains readily with chromium salts (hence the name) due to the presence of catecholamines, which it synthesizes and secretes.
In humans, chromaffin cells are derived from the embryonic neural crest. Most of them are located near the sympathetic ganglia, vagus nerve, paraganglia and carotid arteries. A few of them are found in bladder wall, prostate, and behind the liver.
They are named chromaffin cells because these cells have an affinity for stains containing chromium salts that oxidize and polymerize catecholamines, resulting in brown color (an indication of the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine).
Word origin: chromaffin: Greek chromaffine (1898), equiv. to chromchrom- + Latin affinis next to, inclined to.
Related terms: sympathochromaffin cell.


#0253-SQL Server-HASHBYTES-String or binary data would be truncated: Msg 8152
Most enterprise products require that they be able to audit data modifications being made within the application. An important aspect of auditing is to be able to identify changes made outside of the application too, i.e. updates directly made on the data using a direct connection to the SQL Server instance. I recently authored a series of articles on SQLServerCentral.com around data change and tamper detection mechanisms available in Microsoft SQL Server. These are:
 - An in-depth look at change detection in SQL Server – Part 01 [Link]
 - An in-depth look at change detection in SQL Server – Part 02 [Link]
 - HASHBYTES: Is CHECKSUM really required? [Link]
Soon after the publication of these articles, a coincidence at work prompted me to write this post.
One of our application modules used HASHBYTES for detecting data change. We were receiving random reports that the quality assurance engineers were receiving auditing errors. As we tracked the issue down through the SQL Server Profiler, we noticed that the underlying error was a "simple" string truncation error:
Msg 8152, Level 16, State 10, Line 5
String or binary data would be truncated.
Root Cause
The following line from the Books-On-Line help for HASHBYTES [Link] caught our attention:
Allowed input values are limited to 8000 bytes.
As soon as we read it, things became very clear to us. Taking a quick look at the schema showed us that the underlying field being checked for changes was an NVARCHAR(MAX) field and the users were attempting to enter data greater than 4000 characters (i.e. 8000 bytes) causing the issue. As long as the data remained less than 4000 characters, no error was encountered.
A demo
The script below demonstrates the expected behaviour of HASHBYTES given that the input string is less than or equal to the 8000 byte limit. For the sake of brevity, I am using the REPLICATE function to create the string.
USE tempdb;
GO
--Declare an NVARCHAR((MAX) variable
DECLARE @tHashInputs NVARCHAR(MAX);
--Create a 4000 character string
SELECT @tHashInputs = CAST(REPLICATE('a',4000) AS NVARCHAR(MAX));
--Attempt to generate the HASHBYTEs value for this string
SELECT HASHBYTES('MD5',ISNULL(@tHashInputs,''));
GO
image
Now, let me alter the script such that the string being evaluated using HASHBYTES is greater than the 8000 byte limit, i.e. is 4001 characters for the NVARCHAR data-type:
USE tempdb;
GO
--Declare an NVARCHAR((MAX) variable
DECLARE @tHashInputs NVARCHAR(MAX);
--Create a 4000 character string
SELECT @tHashInputs = CAST(REPLICATE('a',4001) AS NVARCHAR(MAX));
--Attempt to generate the HASHBYTEs value for this string
SELECT HASHBYTES('MD5',ISNULL(@tHashInputs,''));
GO
The following error is encountered upon executing the batch:
Msg 8152, Level 16, State 10, Line 5
String or binary data would be truncated.
As can be seen from the example above, HASHBYTES will fail for data beyond the documented 8000 character limit. Hence, areas like free-form comments may not be a suitable candidate for usage of HASHBYTES.
Solution
The only known workarounds that we have currently are:
 - Split the strings into multiple parts before generating the HASHBYTES value
 - Opt for any other change detection algorithm
Have you ever encountered such a situation before? If yes, what solution did you apply to overcome it?
References:
 - HASHBYTES – Books On Line page [Link]
 - An in-depth look at change detection in SQL Server – Part 01 [Link]
 - An in-depth look at change detection in SQL Server – Part 02 [Link]
 - HASHBYTES: Is CHECKSUM really required? [Link]
Until we meet next time,
Be courteous. Drive responsibly.
Advertisements
5 thoughts on "#0253-SQL Server-HASHBYTES-String or binary data would be truncated: Msg 8152
 1. riks
 Hi , I do not have idea about HASHBYTES but if we use VARCHAR datatype instead of NVARCHAR it would allow
 USE tempdb;
 GO
 –Declare an VARCHAR((MAX) variable
 DECLARE @tHashInputs VARCHAR(MAX);
 –Create a 4000 character string
 SELECT @tHashInputs = CAST(REPLICATE('a',4001) AS VARCHAR(MAX));
 –Attempt to generate the HASHBYTEs value for this string
 SELECT HASHBYTES('MD5',ISNULL(@tHashInputs,"));
 GO
 but for HASHBYTES if it is eecessary NVARCHAR than split string into multiple parts is better solution.
 Like
 Reply
 2. Nakul Vachhrajani
 @riks: Thank-you for your comments. The prime difference between VARCHAR and NVARCHAR is that NVARCHAR allows us to store Unicode data. Since our application needs to store Unicode data, NVARCHAR was the data-type of choice.
 In case the application can use VARCHAR, then you are very correct. HASHBYTES will be able to go upto 8000 characters without encountering an error. The reason is that NVARCHAR occupies 2 bytes as opposed to VARCHAR which occupies only 1 byte of storage space.
 Like
 Reply
 3. riks
 @Nakul : Thanks for reply. Is application data type specific? can you give some example that this particular app based on unicode data type and other is based on non unicode data type.
 Like
 Reply
 4. Pingback: #0362 – SQL Server – Change Detection in Microsoft SQL Server – Limitations of T-SQL: BINARY_CHECKSUM and CHECKSUM | SQLTwins by Nakul Vachhrajani
 5. Pingback: #0362 – SQL Server – Change Detection in Microsoft SQL Server – Limitations of T-SQL: BINARY_CHECKSUM and CHECKSUM - SQL Server - SQL Server - Toad World
Let me know what you think about this post by leaving your feedback here!
Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in:
WordPress.com Logo
You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Log Out / Change )
Google photo
You are commenting using your Google account. Log Out / Change )
Twitter picture
You are commenting using your Twitter account. Log Out / Change )
Facebook photo
You are commenting using your Facebook account. Log Out / Change )
Connecting to %s
This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.


text:
Annual County Resident Population Estimates by Age, Sex, Race and Hispanic Origin, U.S. Census Bureau
Minnesota Automated Reporting Student System
Description: Included in these computations are students who were enrolled at any time during the school year in grades K-12. Attendance data is generated from the End of Year MARSS database. Rates for each grade, school, or district are based on the portion of time a student was enrolled in that grade, school or district.
Enrollment numbers (n), based on October 1st data submission, are
calculated by adding together grades of K-6 (Primary) and 7-12
(Secondary) based on county location.
formula for attendance rate (%) is the Average
Daily Attendance (ADA) divided by the Average Daily Membership (ADM).
The ADA and ADM for each grade, school, or district are added together
and the resulting figures are used for each grade, school, or district
summary. (Grade level ADA/Grade Level ADM) *100 = Attendance Rate for
The attendance rate for each county at the specific grade levels are
then calculated by averaging the rates of attendance for that grade in
each individual county.
ADA is normally computed by taking the number of days a student was marked in attendance and dividing by the number of instructional days reported for that grade and school. ADM is normally computed by taking the number of days the student was reported as enrolled and dividing by the number of instructional days reported for that grade and school.
Slight variations in the ADA and ADM computations are made for students whose membership and attendance is reported in terms of hours.
Excluded from the counts are shared-time students, adult students, and students attending in other states or nonpublic schools for care and treatment purposes. (In the MARSS reporting system, these are students with State Aid Categories of 14, 16, 17, 18, 24, 25, 28, 98). Additionally, students enrolled in the Post Secondary
Enrollment Options program (attending college while enrolled in High School) are excluded from the computations.


text:
Examples of Just Do It
Examples of Just Do It
Where does Just Do It come from?
The Just Do It video, also known as Shia LaBeouf's Intense Motivational Speech, was released in 2015. It shows actor Shia LaBeouf, of Nymphomaniac and Transformers fame, giving what is supposedly a motivational speech in front of a green screen. In it, LaBeouf repeatedly roars "Just do it!" at the camera while making wildly over-the-top, furious expressions and gestures. He also growls such lines as: "Don't let your dreams be dreams, yesterday you said tomorrow, so just do it!"
This video exploded in popularity almost as soon as it was released. There was some misconception that LaBeouf made the video as an earnest motivational speech, particularly given Shia LaBeouf's eccentric public persona. But, in actuality, LaBeouf's zealous performance was part of an art project.
The Just Do It video has its origins in Central Saint Martins, the London arts college, where LaBeouf joined in on a project called _TAG_. This project had each student in class write a short script for LaBeouf to perform, lasting no more than 100 words, with an emphasis on strong emotion. LaBeouf actually did thirty of these performances, some involving different stunts or props. Other pieces from the same set can be found online. The Just Do It segment that went viral was written by student Joshua Parker, who intended it as a mockery of the corporate health and fitness industry, specifically targeting one of its most famous slogans, Nike's Just Do It.
The green background is no accident; as many film students know, a green screen is used to superimposes backgrounds, special effects, props, and so on. Here, it allowed the London film students to edit in their own footage and use it as an introductory video for their projects. When the Just Do It clip went online, it was released under a Creative Commons license, specifically so that viewers could rework it however they pleased—which millions of people did do, and quite rapidly so.
Who uses Just Do It?
Though the Intense Motivational Speech spread virally in its original form, it became even more intense when internet users began taking advantage of the green screen provided.
Because a green screen allows editors to replace the background with anything they want, the original Just Do It clip has been reworked to depict Shia LaBeouf's speech in countless different scenarios. Videos have shown him giving the speech before massive crowds from archival film footage (e.g., Hitler's rallies), delivering it as a TED talk, or superimposed onto the Batman V Superman: Dawn of Justice trailer. There's even one version where he replaces Yoda in The Empire Strikes Back, with Shia telling a distressed Luke Skywalker to "Just do it!" and use the force.
There are also parody videos that show other people giving the same exaggerated speech in front of a green screen.


text:
Recall from my previous posts that certain words (we will call predicates) require additional material to complete their message. I used the examples of ate and the. Ate requires at least two additional pieces of material to be complete. That is, someone ate something. And, the requires at least one additional piece of material, the what?
So, the argument behind this hypothesis is that all verbs have specific thematic, or semantic roles that must be assigned to their arguments in a sentence. Let's look at a new example, the verb "drive." Drive must have a subject to which it will assign the role of agent as in, "John drives." This agent role is an active one. John is actively responsible for the driving of some vehicle. So drive needs at least one additional piece of material in order to convey a complete message. When a verb has only one "role" to assign we call these intransitive verbs.
When a verb can assign more than one role, as in, "John drives the car" we call these transitive verbs. In the second sentence we can see that drive assigns two thematic roles, one to the subject, "John," and the other to the object, "the car." Since the subject here is playing an active role we already determined that "John" receives the role of agent. However, "the car" (the object of the sentence) receives the thematic role of theme. A theme is the element which undergoes physical movement because of the verb. Therefore, with verbs such as "fell" or "disappeared," which only require one thematic role to be assigned, this role would be a theme since "to fall" or "to disappear" happens to someone and is not the result of the subject actively causing a change.
Other verbs can assign more than two thematic roles. These verbs are referred to as ditransitives. Gave is an example of such a verb: "I gave the book to my son." In this sentence, "I" is the agent, "the book" is the theme, and "my son" is assigned the role of the goal.
Can you determine the thematic roles for this sentence:
When did she place the order of supplies for your department?


text:
History of aviation in Bangladesh
The history of aviation in pre-1947 India began with kites, the traditional heavier-than-air man-made object that is flown by one or more people while stayin' on the ground, you know yourself like. The first recorded manned flight was arranged by the feckin' Dhaka Nawab Family in 1882, which resulted in the bleedin' death of the feckin' flyer.
Kite flyin' was one of the many different forms of entertainment of the feckin' elite people of Dhaka, since the Mughal period. Whisht now and eist liom. It became a festive tradition durin' the oul' period of Nayeb-e-Nazim Nawajesh Mohammad Khan in the feckin' 1740s. Kite flyin' is still a feckin' popular pastime in Bangladesh, especially right after the bleedin' monsoon. In the oul' older parts of Dhaka it is one of the oul' most popular activities. Kite paintin' was a specialised art form in the feckin' 18th century in Bangladesh. Some kites of Bengal has been known to keep flyin' for three months. I hope yiz are all ears now. They were big kites tied to anchors with stout ropes.
Kite flyin' festival had long been a major festival. Whisht now and listen to this wan. The Chaitra Sankranti festival (known as Shakrain or Hakrain in Old Dhaka) is celebrated every year in the last day of the oul' Bengali calendar (30th Choitro, mid April). It is a bleedin' major event for competitive kite flyin' and boat racin'. Combatin' fighter kite flyers tryin' to shlash each other's carefully sharpened kite-strin' is an oul' major part of the feckin' competition. In West Bengal the oul' major kite flyin' festival happens on the oul' day of Makar Sankranti or end of winter (mid January), and Vasant Panchami (late February).
First manned flight
Jeanette "Jenny" Rummary (performin' as "Jeanette Van Tassell" along with Park Van Tassel), was a young balloonist from the bleedin' United Kingdom, was hired as a part of the feckin' Van Tassell Troupe by the oul' then incumbent Nawab Khwaja Ahsanullah to make a balloon ascension and parachute descent. G'wan now. She had made several previous parachute descents across India since October 1891. Bejaysus. At 6.20 pm on 16 March 1892, she launched from the feckin' bank of the feckin' Buriganga River opposite from the oul' Ahsan Manzil. G'wan now. Ascendin' in the bleedin' balloon, she jumped via parachute as planned to make her descent but was caught in a Casusrina tree in Ramna Park, fair play. Durin' her rescue, she unfortunately fell to the oul' ground and died two days later from her injuries. She was interred in the Christian Cemetery at Narinda, Dhaka.
World War II
Modern aviation in modern Bangladesh area began when the bleedin' British Government of India built a Royal Indian military airstrip in Tejgaon durin' World War II to fly warplanes towards the battle fields of Kohima and war theatres in Burma. Other airstrips were built in Comilla, Feni, Chittagong, Cox's Bazar, Chakaria, Sylhet, Jessore, Rajshahi and Lalmonirhat.
In August 1943, a bleedin' South Asia Command was formed under Admiral Mountbatten, includin' the feckin' RAF Third Tactical Air Force (Third TAF), which launched the oul' second Burma Campaign against the bleedin' Empire of Japan in the oul' December that year. Here's another quare one. The Royal Indian Airforce (RIAF), Indian part of the bleedin' Royal Air Force played a holy crucial role by providin' tactical reconnaissance and extensive close support to the oul' army when a British Corps started advancin' down the Arakan coast in January 1944.
In November 1943, 6 Squadron and later 8 Squadron were moved to Cox's Bazaar. By the feckin' end of February 1944, No 6 Squadron pilots had completed over 1,000 operational sorties, averagin' 6 sorties an oul' day per pilot, a bleedin' record for the oul' entire the Third TAF. Arra' would ye listen to this shite? Towards the oul' end of March 1944, 4 Squadron joined the operations when it was moved first to Feni airfield, and then to Comilla in June to replace 6 Squadron. In March 1944, the bleedin' squadron moved to Feni for operations against the oul' Japanese, to be sure. The role of the squadron was to provide close Air support to the bleedin' XIV Army. it was from Feni that the bleedin' squadron carried out its first operational sorties by providin' fighter escort to Dakota, engaged in supply droppin' missions in the northern Burma. From August 1944 to January 1945, No. Chrisht Almighty. 4 Squadron was based at Cox's Bazar and carried out CAS, interdiction and tactical recce operations.
In May 1944, 9 Squadron was moved to Comilla after a brief spell of tactical reconnaissance duties supportin' the feckin' battles of Imphal and Kohima. Durin' August 1944, the feckin' two squadrons carried out intensive bombin' of Japanese positions in the Sangu River valley, specially for three consecutive days in Labawa to support an offensive by 81 Division to expel the Japanese from the bleedin' area. Whisht now and eist liom. By the end of December 1944, 10 Squadron had also been moved into the oul' operational area at Ramu. With the feckin' fall of Rangoon on 3 May 1945, the oul' operations in Burma were reduced to moppin' up of small pockets of resistance. Arra' would ye listen to this shite? By the end of June most of the feckin' Royal Air forces squadrons were withdrawn, leavin' only 8 Squadron to assist in the bleedin' moppin' up.
The Shahjalal International Airport originated in 1941, durin' the bleedin' second world war, as the bleedin' British government built a landin' strip at Kurmitola, several kilometres north of Tejgaon, as an extra landin' strip for the oul' Tejgaon Airport. At that time Tejgaon was a holy military airport, to operate warplanes towards the war fields of Kohima (Assam) and Burmese war theatres. Shah Amanat International Airport was a feckin' combat airfield as well as a holy supply point and photographic reconnaissance base by the feckin' United States Army Air Forces Tenth Air Force durin' the feckin' Burma Campaign _PHONE_. Known American units assigned to Chittagong were: 80th Fighter Group, flew P-38 Lightnin' fighters over Burma between March 1944 and February 1945; 8th Reconnaissance Group, between October and December 1944 (various detachments); and 4th Combat Cargo Group, flew C-46 Commando transports between January and June 1945. Osmani International Airport in Sylhet was built durin' British rule as Sylhet Civil Airport, partly to check Japanese aggression from Burma. Jaykers! Biman Bangladesh Airlines earns most of its revenue from this airport.
When the oul' war was over, the oul' colonial government decided to build the bleedin' Tejgaon Airport along with a landin' strip at Kurmitola to meet the needs of a bleedin' Royal Indian Air Force (RIAF) station in Dhaka. In 1946, the bleedin' Mirza Ahmad Ispahani and his partners formed an airline – Orient Airways – which soon started usin' the feckin' airport as a civil airport. Shiftin' its base from Kolkata to Karachi when Pakistan was born, Orient Airways started DC-3 flights from Karachi to Dhaka on 7 June 1954, formin' a holy critical connection between the oul' capitals of geographically separated East and West Pakistan. Bejaysus. On 11 March 1955, Orient Airways merged with the government's proposed airline, becomin' Pakistan International Airlines Corporation, later rechristened as Pakistan International Airlines (PIA).
The Eastern Pakistan Flyin' Club was established in 1948, to be sure. By 1960, British Overseas Airways Corporation and Pan American Airways had started operatin' flights out of Dhaka, PIA had started operatin' Boein' 707 and Vickers VC10 jet services, and new airports had been established out of former Royal Air Force stations at Jessore, Chittagong, Thakurgaon, Ishwardi, and Comilla. Durin' the 1962 Sino-Indian War, services to East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) were provin' to be difficult, therefore PIA placed their Sikorsky S-61 helicopters on these routes until 1966 when conditions improved. In the bleedin' 1971 war, PIA aided the bleedin' Pakistan Army by transportin' soldiers to East Pakistan in the feckin' Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and lost a holy couple of its aircraft to Indian Air Force fighters. Between 10 and 13 March, immediately before the

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
- System Process: Yes
- Background Process: Yes
- Application Process:Yes
- Common Path:
C:\ Windows\ system32\ wmiexe.exe
- Uses Network:Yes
- Uses Internet:No
In technical terms, the wmiexe.exe process executes the Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI), an infrastructure on Windows through which instrumented components provides management data and operations. It is part of Microsofts Web-Based Enterprise Management (WBEM) and an implementation of the Common Information Model (CIM) standards.
Programmers can use the wmiexe.exe file to write applications automating administrative tasks on remote computers and control in an enterprise environment. It also supplies management data to those parts of the operating system that needs Windows Remote Management (WinRM) or Microsoft Operations Manager (MOM) functions. Managers can use this file to query and set information on applications, desktop systems, networks, and other enterprise components. Similarly, developers can use it to create event monitoring applications alerting users when unexpected incidents happen.
In simple terms, the wmiexe.exe process automatically loads the appropriate drivers it needs to load a plug-and-play device plugged into the computer. It is that cursor that tends to stay for 20-30 seconds just after the startup of Windows has finished. After that, it stays in the background and seemed to have been loaded by the systray.exe file, the background task for taskbar volume control, battery meter, etc. The wmiexe.exe process cannot be
Users are given access to basic system information, performance information, event monitors, and application monitors by the wmiexe.exe file. If, for example, you want to find out how much space is left on your hard disk or if you need the detailed information of your motherboard, you could use the wmiexe.exe process to retrieve information from your computer.
This is a safe process. There is no necessity to remove this process from your system or change it in any way.


Quantcast
Fine-Tune Your MALDI-TOF to Produce Good-looking Mass Spectra
Mass Spec is all about getting the perfect peaks. Without a good peak assigning the correct mass is impossible and you cannot make accurate identifications. Make sure you know how to adjust your MALDI-TOF instrument parameters to achieve your perfect peak.
In our previous posts 'How does Mass Spec Work' and 'Imaging Mass Spectrometry: the new(ish) kid on the block', provide Mass Spec newbies with an excellent introduction to mass spectrometry. We've also covered how to select the best matrix and prep your sample, for MALDI (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization) experiments, in 'How to Choose Your MALDI (Soul) Matrix. However, once your sample is prepped, there are still many parameters you can tweak in your MALDI-TOF (time-of-flight) machine to make sure you acquire high-quality data.
What does a good mass spectrum look like?
Below you can see a continuum or analogous spectrum. In which the full profile of each ion peak is shown. Average mass is usually calculated by chemists for each element by weighting for its natural isotopic abundance. The monoisotopic mass, however, is calculated based on the most abundantly detected isotope of each element. While the nominal mass is the same value rounded to the nearest integer.
M
A high-quality mass spectrum, like the one in the above image, will have a high signal-to-noise ratio (s/n), allowing significant mass peaks to be clearly labeled and isotope clusters to be fully resolved. Each machine usually has its own optimum peak shape, but a smooth peak, without any spikes or shoulders is essential. Machines with TOF analyzers tend to produce more asymmetric peaks, but care should be taken to minimize this asymmetry.
Why do you need high-quality spectra?
An accurate peak centroid is critical for the correct mass assignment. This enables sample identification. It is also important to produce reproducible peaks. Further, poor peak shapes can lead to problems with sensitivity and mass resolution, i.e. how easily you can separate ions of two different m/z values.
So, what parameters can you tweak in your MALDI-TOF machine?
There are a number of MALDI-TOF instrument parameters that can be adjusted to make sure you acquire good-looking mass spectra. These include:
Laser power
The laser power is a measure of how much energy is delivered per unit area sampled. Increasing the laser power, beyond the threshold needed to detect ion signals with sufficient s/n, can increase the analyte signal intensity. However, the optimum laser power must be determined as one that is too high can cause the signal to become saturated, leading to an incorrect peak shape.
Laser beam diameter
Newer MALDI-TOF machines are equipped with tunable lasers. This means that the diameter of the laser beam can be adjusted. A larger diameter increases the intensity of analyte ion signals as more of the sample is ionised. Since the size of the ablated area at each point determines the effective spatial resolution however, narrower beams are used for high-resolution imaging mass spectrometry. If a narrow beam is being used, the laser power will have to be adjusted accordingly to ensure that the fewer molecules being sampled are all being ionised.
Number of laser shots
The number of ions that have to be desorbed and ionised to form a detectable analyte ion signal is known as the limit of detection (LOD) of the instrument. Averaging the signal from multiple laser shots allows more ions to reach the instrument's LOD, improving the intensity of analyte signals. Typically about 50-100 laser shots are averaged to acquire a spectrum at each sampling spot.
Pulse delay
The delayed extraction is the time between the laser pulse ionising the sample and the application of the full accelerating voltage to the ions. Increasing the delayed extraction allows ions with lesser initial kinetic energy to travel for longer in the electric field, allowing it to pick up as much kinetic energy as other ions of the same mass when the full accelerating voltage is applied. As all the ions of the same mass now have the same kinetic energy they will arrive at the detector at the same time producing a sharp peak (i.e. greater resolution) in the mass spectrum. Typically, the delayed extraction is set between 120-400 ns
Grid voltage
The grid voltage is the percentage of accelerating voltage that is applied to a variable-voltage grid over the sample plate. Generally, a higher grid voltage with a lower potential difference decreases ion fragmentation. It is often adjusted in conjunction with the delayed extraction to optimise the quality of the spectrum.
Each of these parameters can be optimised to ensure that you collect high-quality data from your MALDI experiment. Published work is often a good start when determining which parameters to use. And your particular MALDI-TOF vendor is another helpful ally in your quest for good-looking spectra!
Sources:
 1. Barwick, V., Langley, J., Mallet, T., Stein, B., Webb, K. (2006). Best practice guide for generation mass spectra. LGC Ltd.
 2. Chaurand, P., Schriver, K.E., Caprioli, R.M. (2007). Instrument design and characterization for high resolution MALDI?MS imaging of tissue sections. Journal of Mass Spectrometry 42(4): 476-489.
 3. Rubakhin, S. S. and Sweedler, J. V. (2010). A mass spectrometry primer for mass spectrometry imaging. Mass Spectrometry Imaging: Principles and Protocols: 21-49.
 4. Watson, J. T. and Sparkman, O. D. (2007). Introduction to mass spectrometry: instrumentation, applications, and strategies for data interpretation, John
1 Comment
 1. Jia Yu on October 28, 2017 at 7:51 am
 Hi, Lakshini Mendis
 Great introduction.
 May I ask you a question: Why a higher grid voltage with a lower potential difference will decreases ion fragmentation? Do you have any references to explain it.
 Thank you very much.
Leave a Comment
This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.
Share via
Copy link
Powered by Social Snap


text:
Production and Distribution of Pressurized Biogas in Gas Cylinders
"Production and Distribution of Pressurized Biogas in Gas Cylinders". This initiative has been developed by a private company, an international NGO and government organizations to produce and store pressurised biogas for cooking made from urban, domestic and industrial wastes. Environmental benefits are achieved by offering an alternative firing material to firewood and charcoal.
The initiative Compressed Biogas proposes to build large biogas plants that will continuously produce biogas from urban, domestic and industrial wastes. The biogas produced will be stored under pressure in gas cylinders for easy distribution to urban and peri-urban customers as alternative to charcoal and firewood. The objective of CBG is to provide affordable biogas for poor households, targetting peri-urban and urban Rwandan households that are still using firewood and carbonized charcoal for heating and cooking. Distribution will be through a network of sales representatives, existing hardware shopkeepers in focal commercial centres throughout the country.
- Establishment of partnership with equity investors.
- Construction and operating of 7 small biogas pilot plants.
- Environmental impact assessment required for the increased number of CBG plants.
- Scaling up the technology of the Compressed Biogas (high yield of biogas substrates, efficient production and storage technology, cheap gas cylinders, etc.).


text:
Moreover, a lead acid battery of 12V is approximately 41 pounds. However, this does not say everything about car batteries. Further, there are different types of car batteries and several factors that depend on the age, BCI group and the size.
So you might ask yourself how much does a car battery weigh? We will discuss them below. Before that, you need to know why you should know the weight of a car battery.
Why Should You Know The Weight?
As an owner, it is vital to know the weight of car batteries. Because, you will need to purchase a similar weight battery when you will replace your old battery with the new one. Moreover, you will be able to choose the right battery for your car by matching the weight of the new battery with the old one.
Further, there are some important reasons why you should know the weight of your car battery. This becomes more useful during the replacement process. Moreover, the battery weight is proportional to your car's visible driving performance.
This means, choosing the right battery is important for maximized driving experience. Furthermore, your car battery weight also determines the maximum voltage output from that battery. A large vehicle needs a larger battery therefore it will be heavier.
A smaller battery pack will hamper the performance of that large vehicle. Less dense batteries tend to supply less voltage output from the battery to the car thus affecting visible performance.
Moreover, choosing the best weight battery will supply an adequate amount of power that the vehicle needs. So you will get the right amount of performance. Note that 40 pounds is the average weight of car batteries. However, it might fluctuate depending on the car and its models.
Some best car battery weight chart
- Honda 2000cc Accord- 15.9Kg
- Toyota 1500cc Rav4- 17.7Kg
- Subaru 1300cc Impreza- 12.8Kg
- Toyota 1500cc Corolla- 20.4kg
- Ford 1500cc Explorer- 20.2Kg
- Honda 1500cc Civic- 12.2kg
Now, you might ask yourself why are car batteries so heavy. We have answered it below.
Why Do Car Batteries Weigh So Much
Car batteries are made up of lithium ions. These are very dense chemicals and are in very huge quantities. Moreover, the acid in the batteries acts as an electrolyte supplying electricity. Further, most car batteries are also made up of lead. Lead is mixed with water in the battery to make an electrical conducting solution. This makes the car battery very heavy. However, it supplies enormous amount of power needed for your vehicle.
Lithium ion batteries are an alternative to lead acid batteries. So what are lithium ion batteries?
Lithium Ion battery :- They are best optimised for electric and hybrid technology vehicles. Moreover, they are significantly lighter than lead batteries and are very efficient.
However, lithium ion batteries are expensive. This makes the overall battery price rise making it less financially economical. Therefore, they are more expensive that the standard car batteries. Moreover, the price is worth the penny. Light weight gives an advantage for less unwanted weight.
Thus, your vehicle will become more efficient. However, there are several safety issues at lower temperatures. Therefore, lithium ion batteries are good but have some downsides too.
So how can you know the weight of a car battery. Moreover, You will now know how much a car battery weighs.
How Much Does A Car Battery Weigh
You may like this: 10 Best Car Battery For Hot & Cold Weather of 2021
There are several ways to determine the weight of a car battery. However, you cannot always weigh the car battery by itself. Therefore, below are some ways on how to weigh them.
Go Through The Package Or Manual
This is one of the ways to check the weight of the car battery. Look at the surface of the battery. Check for any labels or seals. Moreover, it can also be labelled on the packaging of the battery.
The weight may be indicated in pounds. However, you can also check the user manual that comes with the battery pack. You will get the information about the battery that came with your vehicle in your vehicle's user manual book.
Looking At The Size Of Battery
Sometimes, you can get an idea of the weight of the battery by seeing the size of it. We have given the battery size on the chart above.
This might become handy sometimes. Moreover, you can check the BCI group against the normal size of the battery. This will eventually help you find the weight of the battery itself.
You can also apply your common sense. You can get the approximate weight of the battery by seeing the actual size of it. Further, the weight of the battery is proportional to the size of it.
Moreover, an old battery will weigh less than a new one. New batteries are fully loaded with electrolyte and other components. Old batteries also have the same but are decayed.
Like all moving objects, batteries also undergo natural wear and tear over time. The electrolyte starts to become less with time. This contributes to weight loss of the battery compared to new ones.
So how much do you need for a new car battery?
The price of a new battery is dependent on many factors like the quality and the size. A standard lead acid battery costs around $40 to $150.
Moreover, it also depends on the group of your car battery too. Lithium ion batteries cost even more. You need around $500 to a staggering $2000 for them.
Now you know how important it is to know the weight of the car battery. Now you know how much a car battery weighs. There are several factors considering the size, age, capacity and vehicle.
Larger vehicles need larger batteries for more power. Smaller vehicles need smaller batteries due to less power consumption of the vehicle itself. However, there are several more factors to consider before buying a new car battery. Weight is one of them to start with!


text: Argentina has borrowed more than it could repay on five occasions since independence in 1816. The Museum of Foreign Debt in Buenos Aires, set up in 2005 by a group of spirited economics professors, helps explain why. Exhibits trace a timeline from the nation's first default in 1827 to the most recent, in 2001, when the government triggered the largest default in history by suspending repayments on loans worth $142 billion."The museum helps those hurt by the debt issue understand the technical details," says founder Simón Pristupin. Museo de la Deuda Externa, Centro Cultural Ernesto Sábato, 763 José E. Uriburu.


When a food writer can't taste.
I read a headline this past weekend "When a food writer can't taste" which got me thinking about brand strategy and marketing strategy. How does a food writer approach an assignment when s/he can't actually taste the food? (How did Beethoven compose after losing his hearing?) Had the food writer the ability to taste prior to losing the sense, the experience would be muscle memory-driven. Of course the writer would need to know how the meal was prepared, the ingredients and the amounts. And watched preparation technique. It would also help to watch people eat the food to understand tastes, aromas and textures.
Sadly, a good deal of strategic work in the market today is perfunctory. It lacks the hand and design of someone who has actually tasted the product or product experience. Often there is a reliance on the muscle memory of other assignments. A reliance on demographics — and then the work is driven by nothing more than a media insight. jean-georges
Just as creatives know when the work is done, so do planners. Planners need enough time to mine insights, experience those insights and learn deeply about their meaning. Put that level of learning into your brand plan and you are, then, ready to start tasting. Peace.


Laboratory Ovens
Laboratory Ovens
Laboratory Ovens are typically used in the lab for various functions, as such there are a variety of ovens that a user would need to consider before making their choice. For example, the most simple natural convection oven, is use for drying applications that requires gentle airflow such as for baking, conditioning, curing, pre-heating and aging. It also serves to do thermal storage tasks as well as sterilization. Apart from the standard applications, It can also be used to perform material testing for instance, to determine tensile strength, deformation, and resiliency of a product.
Apart from the natural convection oven, there is also the forced convection oven, as well as vacuum oven, each built with their unique specific uses for various types of applications.
Forced convection oven, are built with a fan inside the wall of the oven which forces the hot air in the oven to circulate throughout, it is typically used in procedures involving cultures and samples where accurately controlled uniform heating is required.
Vacuum ovens are used where materials would be damaged if exposed to high temperature, it removes moisture but also avoids oxidation or explosion which can occur when certain materials combine with air and usually used for hydroscopic and heat sensitive materials.
The most economical option are Natural convection ovens. Fan assisted convection ovens, also known as Forced Convection Ovens, are able to achieve greater temperature uniformity and offer faster recovery rates. A Furnace would the best for extremely high temperature applications.
In some cases, laboratory ovens are used for unique applications especially for users from the biological, forensic and environmental labs. Here are some examples of how the natural sciences utilizes ovens to advance the pace of research:
 - Vacuum ovens with specific configurations as fingerprint development chambers in Forensic Laboratories
 - In Biological Laboratories, Gravity Convection Ovens are used for removal of microbiological contaminants in lab wares and Vacuum Ovens are used for adhering substrates to the surface of filters and other media
 - Environmental Laboratories need to determine the moisture content of a sample. In order to obtain this, users will dry their specimens in laboratory ovens and calculate the difference of the sample's weight before and after the drying process. Gravity convection and forced-air ovens are used for such application.
Different Types of Lab Ovens & Furnace
 - Gravity Convection Oven
 - Forced Convection Oven
 - Natural Convection Oven
 - Vacuum Oven
 - Side Draught Ovens
 - Muffle/Ashing Furnaces
 - Chamber Furnaces
 - Tube Furnaces


text:
This GBCA Safety Toolbox Talk discusses ladder safety. Specifically, this toolbox talk provides tips and reminders of things to check when using straight fixed and extension ladders. Click below to download the Toolbox Talk as a handout (includes Sign-In Sheet).
Straight Fixed and Extension Ladders
Straight fixed ladders and extension ladders are two of the most commonly used ladders in construction. Unfortunately, they are often used incorrectly, leading to serious injury. Straight fixed and extension ladders are leaned against a fixed point, such as a wall, roof line, or platform. They can have specialized attachments for poles as well as bridging for stability.
Always Check the Following Before Using a Ladder:
- Be sure there are no electrical hazards where you will be using the ladder before you set up. If there is, STOP and get your supervisor.
- Check the ladder's label and rating to be sure that the ladder is rated for what you need.
- Inspect the ladder for defects. Do not use defective ladders. Alert your supervisor immediately, (tag as defective) or remove from the site.
- Do not set up a ladder in doorways, behind doors, or in areas where traffic (walking or otherwise) can hit the ladder.
Correct Use Requires the Correct Angle:
- The right pitch for a fixed or extension ladder is 75.5 degrees from the wall or surface.
- The 4-1 Rule: For every 4 feet up, the ladder's base should be 1 foot out from the wall.
- The Standing Test: Stand and place your toes against the erected ladder's rails. While standing straight up, extend your arms straight out. The palms of your hands should touch the top of the rung at shoulder level.
Things to Check After Setting Up the Ladder, and Before Use:
- Secure the base of the ladder and make sure that it does not move.
- Secure the top of the ladder.
- The ladder rails MUST extend at least 3 feet above the intended exit point.
- Be sure the rungs, as well as the bottoms of your shoes, are not slippery.
Reminders for When Using the Ladder:
- Always face the ladder when ascending or descending and use 3 points of contact.
- Center yourself (belt buckle to the center of the ladder).
- NEVER carry tools or equipment up a ladder. Use a line or safety bucket.
Remember to record the attendees of your toolbox talk!


text:
Skip to Main Content
At present the Changjiang river water supply projects are widely distributed and their types are different. The current situation brings much inconvenience to the management of water resources. In order to improve the supervision and management of the water intake permission work efficiency, we set up The Changjiang Water Resource Commission's Water intake Remote Monitoring and controlling System to the Changjiang river water resources scientifically. This paper mainly introduces the framework and main functions of the System including the water intake information collection subsystem, the GPRS information transmission subsystem, the information storage subsystem and the information application subsystem based on ArcGIS Server technology. Through building the Changjiang River's water intake remote monitoring network, we monitor the water intake effectively, control the water intake dynamically in real time, and improve the reasonable allocation of water, scheduling and scientific management level.
Date of Conference: 19-21 Oct. 2012


text:
History of Trinity Church
At Trinity the pleasant,historic environment of old Towsontown still thrives at 120 Allegheny Avenue, in the middle of bustling, high rise, modern Towson, the seat of Baltimore County, Maryland.
The congregation of Trinity stands upon a long history of traditional worship plus community sharing, in continuity. Kenneth H. Saunders III, the current rector, is only the seventh to hold this office since the parish was chartered. Trinity Church began in 1839 as a small group of Episcopalians meeting in the Epsom Chapel, a Methodist church that was located amid what is today the Towson Center parking garage. Because the Epsom Chapel was not preserved while Towson grew from town to metropolis. Trinity is the oldest church edifice in the Towson area.The original church, which constitutes the nave of the present building, was dedicated on Ascension Day, May 20, 1860. The church was designed by noted architect Norris Starkweather in a conservative Romanesque style. It is constructed of limestone donated by John Ridgely of Hampton. All additions and other church buildings are made of stone from the same quarry in Texas, Maryland. The nave is centered on a direct north-south line with the cross corridor of the original Court House.
The chancel and the baptistery in the west transept were added in 1892. The present sanctuary was built in 1926. The Moller organ, built in 1939, was enhanced in 1978. The Lee Chapel in the east transept was added in 1960 on the One Hundredth Anniversary of the church.


text:
What Are The Factors That Affect The Performance Of The Electric Pump Tube?
What are the factors that affect the performance of the Electric Pump tube?
There are several factors influencing the following factors
1. Chemical compatibility
The pipe must be chemically compatible with the fluid to be pumped in order to have good Pump Pump performance and safety performance.
Many Electric Pump pump suppliers will provide chemical compatibility tables. However, engineers should be aware that chemical compatibility tables for Electric Pump tubing should be used, rather than chemical compatibility tables for general pipelines. Because the common piping is only in general contact with chemical substances and the Electric Pump tubing is in contact with chemical fluids under pressure conditions, the chemical compatibility level of ordinary piping is not equal to the chemical compatibility level of the Electric Pump tubing. Therefore, reference should be made only to the Electric Pump tubing, rather than the general chemical compatibility level of the piping with the associated substance, which would otherwise cause the Electric Pump to fail or break the leak, resulting in damage to the pump or a hazardous accident.
The pressure source of an Electric Pump fluid delivery system can vary. A backpressure is generated when the fluid is pushed through a filter, or the fluid is passed through a flow meter or valve, or when the fluid is pumped into a pressurized reaction vessel. Before selecting a pipe, the user should first make sure that all the pressure sources in the system have been clarified and that the measured values of the total system pressure have been obtained. When selecting pump tubing for Electric Pump, make sure that the pressure in the system does not exceed the recommended working pressure of the pump tubing. If the pressure is too high, the pump tube will bulge, with the pump head with poor, resulting in excessive wear and failure. System pressure greatly exceeds the capacity of the pump tube, and even make the pump tube burst, spray the fluid, endangering safety. After selecting a pipe, use it to ensure that the pressure is maintained within the manufacturer's recommended pressure range. If the Electric Pump system exceeds the maximum operating pressure, a simple pressure relief valve or pressure switch can be installed to prevent excessive pressure buildup. The effect of the pressure relief valve is: when the system pressure exceeds the set value, it will exhaust to the atmosphere, the system pressure down to a safe level. A complicated pressure switch can also be used. When the pressure value exceeds the set value, it will shut down the device or ring the alarm device via a relay. When the Electric Pump system pressure exceeds the safety line, the above two methods are conducive to safety.
The operating temperature range of the Electric Pump is another important factor to consider. Some pipes, such as silicone rubber, have a wide temperature range and are suitable for high temperature and low temperature processes. Some pipes such as Tygon and C-Flex are only suitable for a small temperature range. The end user should first understand the maximum temperature and minimum temperature in the system before selecting the tubing, and then ensure that the pump tube is safe to operate in this temperature range. In applications where temperature is required to be increased, the end user should consider the effect of temperature on the chemical resistance and pressure capacity of the pump tubing. When the temperature increases, the capacity of the Electric Pump tubing will be reduced.
With each roller in the Electric Pump pump head pressed against the pump tubing, Electric Pump pumps a certain amount of fluid, so the size of the pump tubing is directly related to the pumping flow, that is, the effect on the operation of the fluid delivery system Big. Pump tubing is a part of the design of high quality Electric Pump. The optimum size or optimum size range of the pump tubing is to be calculated. Where the size of the main refers to the pump tube diameter and thickness. The inner diameter determines the amount of fluid pumped by one revolution per turn, and the thickness determines the ability to restore the original shape after each roll, which greatly affects the service life of the pump tubing. The size of the pump tube relative to the pump head size is too small, the pump head can not catch the pump tube, Electric Pump pump tube will be pulled out of the pump head; and pump tube size is too small, the pump head roller can not suppress the pump , It will cause the Electric Pump pumping flow to be insufficient or complete failure. And if the tubing is too large, the excess pipe will fold between the roller and the pump shell or between the roll and the bite bed, resulting in excessive wear and premature failure. The end user should follow the manufacturer's recommendations when selecting the pump tubing to ensure that the system functions well. In some applications where high accuracy is required (eg chemical dosimeters), the size of the pump tubing is even more pronounced. A slight deviation in size will result in too much deviation in traffic or distribution. Although some manufacturers offer pump tubing sizes that are "close" to the recommended size, "look the same", but there are still gaps. So in order to make the pump system to achieve the best performance and accuracy, the user should be used with the manufacturer recommended size exactly the same size of the pump tube.


text:
China's Wireless Electromagnetic Method project has been in progress for 13 years to make communication with submarines underwater possible. However, researchers expressed concern about exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) waves.
Earth/Environment January 3, 2019
Scientists discovered that Jupiter moon Ganymede is releasing powerful electromagnetic waves that may destroy spacecraft. The invisible magnetic field surrounding Ganymede is powered by the magnetic field of Jupiter, which is about 20,000 times stronger than Earth's.
Space August 8, 2018


Note: We are experiencing longer wait times than normal due to increased demand. You can still view answers to frequently asked questions or contact us but wait times may be longer than expected. Thank you for your patience.
Create Spindump File On Mac Follow
About
A spindump file samples user and kernel stacks for processes in the Mac system. This can be useful if the program hangs, crashes, or is not running well.
How To Create a Spindump File
 1. Open your Activity Monitor found in Applications>>Utlities
 2. Select zoom.us, open the Settings Menu, and select Run Spindump
 3. Wait for the spindump file to generate
 4. Select Save to generate a spindump file to send to our team.
Was this article helpful?


text:
History of Brock
Opened in 1964, Brock University is named for Maj.-General Sir Isaac Brock, who died at nearby Queenston Heights in the War of 1812. His last words — "Surgite! Push on!" — have become the University's motto.
But the seeds of the University were sown long before the doors first opened. Brock's story is about a community that rose up and built the institution it wanted for its future.
A grassroots effort
In the late 1950s, there was growing public discussion about how Niagara should have its own university. Its founders wanted young people to get a good education without having to leave the area.
The grassroots sentiment became a movement when, in November 1957, the Allanburg Women's Institute asked the Ontario government to "favourably consider the placing of a university in the Niagara Peninsula."
Momentum spread. By fall 1962, the Brock Founders Committee was incorporated. They received approval to create a new university, then developed an administrative and academic plan. Then they began raising money.
Onward and upward
After years of meetings and fundraising, Brock opened in September 1964. It had 127 students in a refurbished refrigeration factory at the foot of the Niagara Escarpment in St. Catharines. In 1966 the landmark Brock Tower was completed, and faculties began moving "up the hill" to the University's permanent home atop the escarpment.
For the next 30 years, Brock sent thousands of graduates on to successful careers. It built a name for its personal quality of teaching afforded by attentive faculty and controlled class sizes. As the new millennium dawned, enrolment soared. Brock transformed from an undergraduate institute to a comprehensive University with flourishing research, graduate and doctoral programs.
The campus steadily expanded to keep pace with the demand for a Brock education. It's a pattern that continues with the construction of world-class research labs, a landmark fine arts complex and an international students' centre.
Today the University also operates a campus in Hamilton, Ont., primarily for teacher education.
Brock serves its community as a cultural, academic and recreational centre, bringing excellent facilities to the people who created the University all those years ago. We are committed to building our community and to fostering an environment that serves our students and our neighbours.


JMS Activation Specification (jmsActivationSpec)
Defines a JMS activation specification configuration.
NameTypeDefaultDescription
authDataRef
A reference to top level authData element (string).
Default authentication data for an activation specification.
autoStart
boolean
true
Configures whether the message endpoints associated with this activation specification start automatically or need to be manually started using the resume command.
id
string
A unique configuration ID.
maxEndpoints
int
Min: 0
500
The maximum number of endpoints to dispatch to.
authData
Default authentication data for an activation specification.
NameTypeDefaultDescription
password
Reversably encoded password (string)
Required
Password of the user to use when connecting to the EIS. The value can be stored in clear text or encoded form. It is recommended that you encode the password. To do so, use the securityUtility tool with the encode option.
user
string
Required
Name of the user to use when connecting to the EIS.
properties.wasJms
A JMS activation specification is associated with one or more message-driven beans and provides the configuration necessary for them to receive messages.
NameTypeDefaultDescription
acknowledgeMode
 - Auto-acknowledge
 - Dups-ok-acknowledge
Auto-acknowledge
The acknowledge mode indicates how a message received by a message-driven bean should be acknowledged.
busName
string
defaultBus
The name of a bus when connecting to the service integration bus in WebSphere Application Server traditional.
clientId
string
The JMS client identifier needed for durable(and for shared non-durable) topic subscriptions on all connections. This identifier is required if the application is doing durable(and for shared non-durable) publish/subscribe messaging.
connectionFactoryLookup
string
This property can be used to specify the lookup name of an administratively-defined javax.jms.ConnectionFactory, javax.jms.QueueConnectionFactory or javax.jms.TopicConnectionFactory object that is used to connect to the JMS provider from which the endpoint (message-driven bean) can receive messages.
destination
string
Reference to a JMS destination
destinationLookup
string
This property can be used to specify the lookup name of the administratively-defined javax.jms.Queue or javax.jms.Topic objects that define the JMS queue or topic from which the endpoint (message-driven bean) can receive messages.
destinationRef
A reference to top level adminObject element (string).
Reference to a JMS destination
destinationType
 - javax.jms.Queue
 - javax.jms.Topic
javax.jms.Queue
The type of the destination, which is javax.jms.Queue or javax.jms.Topic.
maxBatchSize
int
Min: 1
Max: _PHONE_
The maximum number of messages received from the messaging engine in a single batch.
maxConcurrency
int
Min: 1
Max: _PHONE_
5
The maximum number of endpoints to which the messages are delivered concurrently. The increase in the number can improve the performance, but it also increases the number of threads that are in use at the specified time. If the message order must be retained for all the failed deliveries, set the maximum concurrent endpoints value to 1.
messageSelector
string
The JMS message selector used to determine which messages the message-driven bean receives. The value is a string that is used to select a subset of the available messages.
readAhead
 - AlwaysOff
 - AlwaysOn
 - Default
Default
Read ahead is an optimization that preemptively assigns messages to consumers. This processes the consumer requests faster.
remoteServerAddress
string
The remote server address that has triplets separated by a comma, with the syntax hostName:portNumber:chainName, used to connect to a bootstrap server. For example, Merlin:7276:BootstrapBasicMessaging. If hostName is not specified, the default is localhost. If portNumber is not specified, the default is 7276. If chainName is not specified, the default is BootstrapBasicMessaging. Refer to the information center for more information.
retryInterval
A period of time with second precision
30s
The delay (in seconds) between attempts to connect to a messaging engine, both for the initial connection, and any subsequent attempts to establish a better connection. Specify a positive integer followed by a unit of time, which can be hours (h), minutes (m), or seconds (s). For example, specify 30 seconds as 30s. You can include multiple values in a single entry. For example, 1m30s is equivalent to 90 seconds.
shareDurableSubscription
string
Controls whether or not durable subscription can be shared across connections.
subscriptionDurability
 - Durable
 - DurableShared
 - NonDurable
 - NonDurableShared
NonDurable
Type of MS topic subscription. The value can be any of following values: Durable DurableShared NonDurable NonDurableShared
subscriptionName
string
The subscription name needed for durable(and for shared non-durable). Required field when using a durable(and for shared non-durable) topic subscription.This subscription name must be unique within a given client identifier.
targetTransportChain
 - InboundBasicMessaging
 - InboundSecureMessaging
InboundBasicMessaging
Transport chains specify the communication protocols that can be used to communicate with the service integration bus in WebSphere Application Server traditional.


text:
Mission, Vision, Foundation Goals
The Foundation of Florida Virtual School is the philanthropic arm of Florida Virtual School serving its students, teachers, and support staff. The Foundation is supported by a volunteer Board of Directors.
Laptops for Learners - a community-centered laptop loan program to facilitate student success Professional Development for Staff – enriching staff learning opportunities
Awards & Scholarships - provide expanded educational opportunities, and recognition of excellence, for both students and staff
Mission and Vision
- Mission Statement
The Foundation for Florida Virtual School invests its resources to provide access to Florida Virtual School education for under-served students.
- Vision Statement
The Foundation for Florida Virtual School strives to ensure all students have access to world-class education and quality online learning opportunities that prepare them for a lifetime for success.


text:
This empirical analysis deals with the determinants of growth and the explanation of variations in the growth between innovative and non-innovative start-ups. Based on theoretical models explaining the growth of firms, hypotheses on potential determinants are formulated. The regression results indicate strong correlations between the growth rate on the one side and firmspecific, founder-specific as well as external factors on the other side. These factors influence the growth rates of innovative and non-innovative young firms in different ways. It becomes obvious that large and mature firms have smaller growth rates than small and young innovative as well as non-innovative firms. Moreover, other firm-specific characteristics like legal form and formal links to other firms from Western industrialised countries have an impact on the development of start-ups. With respect to founder-specific characteristics, positive effects can be derived from the human capital of the founder(s). This holds especially for technological disciplines whereas business knowledge plays a minor role. In addition to firm and founder characteristics, locationspecific factors controlling for agglomeration effects and the industry structure in the Eastern German counties have an impact on growth. Comparing annual growth rates of start-ups, innovative start-ups grow on average faster than non-innovative start-ups.
New Technology-based Firms Employment Growth Determinants of Growth


text:
This document presents data mapping on our Platform and provides a detailed description of the new mapper UI.
Components that receive data from previous steps must be mapped to those steps for proper data processing. Data mapper matches the data from trigger Component to the corresponding fields in the action Component, and that's what we call mapping. You can read all about our current way of data mapping here. The process remains basically the same, but there is a different UI for it.
You will arrive at Step Configuration, which presents some of the following settings in tabs, depending on the Component. You may be familiar with them, but to be sure, let's go over each one.
In this tab you select the Component for this step.
Here you can select the required Component version. As versions may differ by functionality, sometimes it is essential to use the most recent or a bit older one, depending on the task requirements.
Some Components have more than one way of operation, so you are prompted to select one.
Some Components allow you to configure Local Agent.
Credentials hold authentication data for Components. In this tab you can select from the available credentials, add new ones, verify and save them. Also you can edit and delete existing credentials.
The actual mapping tab. Here you provide data input for fields required by the Component. There are three methods of mapping: Integrator view, JSONata view, and Developer Mode.
Integrator view is the standard mapping view, where you can see all the data fields:
JSONata view is intended for JSONata expressions in fields. You can switch to this view like this:
In both views you can evaluate the expressions and see which data will be seen as the result. As you can see, our
First Name and
Last Name in the field resulted in the complete name:
If you want to code your mapping manually, you can use the Developer Mode:
Data is evaluated the same way in Developer Mode, with green light showing that everything works, and red, if not:
Then, you can switch back to Integrator view:
This is where you retrieve a data sample. A data sample is an example of Component output data. It is essential in building integration flows, because it allows you to see what sort of data the next component in the flow will receive from the previous one. With this information you can configure the next component to act properly on the input it receives.
Tab for Step description. This is optional, but consider adding detailed descriptions to your Steps. This way Flow users won't have to nag you with questions. Additionally, there may be Credentials here, and a passthrough switch to turn passthrough on and off for this step.


Bond TT
Wire insulations and coatingsDatasheet
Datasheet updated 2021-03-29 10:35 (supersedes all previous editions)
Disclaimer: Recommendations are for guidance only, and the suitability of a material for a specific application can be confirmed only when we know the actual service conditions. Continuous development may necessitate changes in technical data without notice. This datasheet is only valid for Sandvik materials.
Bond TT is a high temperature thermoplastic polyamide bondcoat, that exhibits good bond strength after activation with heat at 170-180°C. Bond TT can also be activated with solvent. This allows windings that maintain their shape until permanently bonded with heat. The recommended solvent for activation of this material is isopropyl alcohol.
Bond TT is typically applied over wire that has already been coated with one of our insulation offerings (polyurethane for example). Such wire bonds to itself when heat softens the overcoat on adjacent turns and it flows together. Upon cooling the overcoat hardens, locking the turns in place.
Bond TT softens between 170-180°C. Full bond strength can be achieved after being baked for one hour at 175°C. Additional time or higher temperatures may increase the effective bonding area between conductors, giving a modest increase in performance.
The bonding cycle above refers to time that the wire is at temperature. Ovens or forced hot air stations may require additional time or higher temperatures to bring the magnet wire up to the required bonding temperature.
Bonding of the wire can be accomplished by resistance heating after winding or by heating in an oven. Bonding is also possible by application of hot air or solvents to the wire during winding.
The bond strength of the bonded windings decreases as a function of temperature. Bond TT will retain approximately 10% of its room temperature strength at 170°C. Service testing should be performed to verify the adequacy of the winding construction and the bonding process.
Disclaimer: Recommendations are for guidance only, and the suitability of a material for a specific application can be confirmed only when we know the actual service conditions. Continuous development may necessitate changes in technical data without notice. This datasheet is only valid for Sandvik materials.


text:
مجلة عصور الجديدة
Volume 6, Numéro 25, Pages 302-311
الكاتب : بوهند خالد .
I will try in this article to study the history of the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman Imama (or the kingdom of Oman), as well as geographic and sociopolitical study, in light of the journal "El -Minhadj" which was published in Cairo by the Algerian reformer Abu Ishaq Ibrahim Tfayyesh, during the period between _PHONE_.
history-Sultanate-Oman-geographic-El -Minhadj- Algerian-
تلمساني بن يوسف


text:
The Student Loans Company is feeling the strain of an FE loans scandal that has left hundreds of learners with huge debts and no qualifications, as their repayments reprieve draws to a close.
FE Week has been campaigning for the past year to have debts from advanced learning loans written off for the blameless former learners of several collapsed training providers.
The SLC granted them a 12-month deferment on repayments, but now led by Pater Lauener, who was boss of the Education and Skills Funding Agency when the scandals broke, it will not say whether the debts will be cancelled after the deferment period closes at the end of March.
The chair of the parliamentary education committee, Robert Halfon, who was skills minister when the providers folded and who now feels free to speak his mind, is trying to encourage more decisive action.
It is utterly essential that they should not be made to repay the loans
"If the providers have failed through no fault of the students, and there isn't adequate and accessible alternative provision, it is utterly essential that they should not be made to repay the loans," he said.
Labour's shadow skills minister Gordon Marsden heaped further pressure on both the SLC and ESFA through a parliamentary question he lodged this week.
He asked new education secretary Damian Hinds "if he will make it his policy to write off advanced learner loan debts for former learners affected by the collapse of John Frank Training Ltd, Edudo Ltd, and Focus Training & Development".
Former JFT learner Asim Shaheen, 50, was among the ex-learners hit by the collapse. The chef still had an outstanding debt of £8,000 after the London company went bust.
The Skills Funding Agency offered to send him to South Cheshire College to complete his training.
But this just wasn't a viable option because it is 25 miles from where he lives. He says he has been "left completely in the lurch".
FE Week soon found many more learners affected by the collapse of Hampshire-based Edudo Ltd and Darlington's Focus Training & Development Ltd.
Our #SaveOurAdultEducation campaign, which was launched last February in Parliament with Mr Shaheen a special guest, has led the charged to have the debts scrapped.
The ESFA has issued a statement to FE Week on the situation with the loans.
"We have ensured learners have not entered repayment in this tax year, where there was a need to allow them time to move providers," a spokesperson said. "The SLC will be contacting learners again shortly regarding next steps.
"Our priority continues to provide learners with alternatives, if their provider is no longer able to deliver training."


Giscuit
Prev Next
Layers
Guest user
In the Layers subpanel check the checkbox next to your desired layer in order to turn on it's visibility or uncheck to turn off it's visibility. Multiple overlays can be active but only 1 base layer can be active at the same time.
Mouse over layer's name for 1 second to display it's metadata. There is a Zoom to layer button in the top right of the metadata window.
If you have marked a layer visible and it's name turned gray this means that the layer is not visible at current scale. Check layer metadata for minimum and maximum scale values.
Logged in user
In the top left corner of the Layers subpanel you can select a group, only layers that belong to this group will be shown in the layers data table. You can also use the Filter field to search and display certain layers that match the input.
Label settings. Change layer label settings ().
 - Size. Text size of the label
 - Color. Text color of the label
 - Fields. Fields to include in the label
To save your changes click on the Save button, or click the Back button to go back to the layers list without saving the changes.
Layers data table description
Name. Name of the layer
View.() Layer visibility
Information.() Is the layer included in the Information tool results
Label.() Label visibility
Edit.() Is the layer editable. Only one layer can be edited at the same time.
Mouse over layer's name for 1 second to display it's metadata. There is a Zoom to layer button in the top right of the metadata window.
If you have marked a layer visible and it's name turned gray this means that the layer is not visible at current scale. Check layer metadata for minimum and maximum scale values.
Prev Up Next
Navigation Desktop Geolocation
COPYRIGHT ® 2012, VEC


text:
- An instance of gaining access to a property under false pretences, with the intention of committing theft: two thieves pretending to be from the Water Board have carried out a string of distraction burglaries in the areaMore example sentences
- Clear links have been established between doorstep cold-calling and crimes such as distraction burglaries, where crooks con their way into someone's home under false pretences.
- A trial scheme in Cambridgeshire has cut the incidence of distraction burglaries by a ninth (11%) since it was set up two years ago.
- Police officers are also warning elderly people to be on their guard tonight because Halloween can be rife with people committing distraction burglaries.
- More example sentences
- A total ban on all doorstep selling for property repairs will be the only sure way to protect older people from rogue traders and distraction burglars.
- Three distraction burglars were disturbed during an offence but still managed to escape with the money.
- He arrested a distraction burglar who targeted his neighbour's home.


text:
Identifying Nocturnal Mammal Activity
Animals like raccoons, skunks, and opossums may be difficult to observe live since they come out at night, but if you know what evidence to look for, you can figure out where they've been even during the day. Knowing the pathways and habits of animals in your yard and neighborhood can help you observe them more easily, and also inform your strategies to avoid human-wildlife conflict.
You can learn a lot about wildlife activity in your yard or another space by looking at the routes animals are following at night. Animals often follow the same pathways multiple nights in a row, so these areas tend to be well worn and identifiable. Look for trampled-down grass and debris, or pathways on the ground where the grass doesn't seem to grow as well. Skunks, raccoons, and opossums tend to travel along fence perimeters, especially in yards where greenery is planted along the fence. In thick vegetation such as Mexican bamboo, you may be able to see "tunnels" along the fence that animals use. There also may be trampled depressions where animals go under the fence into the next yard.
Larger animals create trampled pathways as well. If you live where there are coyotes, or if you are visiting an open space like the Palermo Open Space, look for pathways through tall grass that seem too narrow for a person to have made. These may be from coyotes.
Detecting Active Pathways, Tunnels, and Burrows
How does one tell if a pathway or tunnel through vegetation or under a fence is active? You can detect recent activity with a simple experiment. Place a pile of straw or dry leaf litter in the path in the afternoon, large enough that you would be able to tell if it has been stepped on, but not so large as to deter animals from using the path. In the morning, check all of these "detectors" and see if any show new trampling. (The photo on the right shows where an animal went under the fence and created a path through the straw.) You can even put out a motion-detecting wildlife camera, or sit in your yard in the evening in person, to find out what specific animal is using the path. Often, paths will be used by more than one species.
The same technique works to see if a burrow is active. If there is more than one entrance to the burrow, place detectors at all entrances- just because one entrance does not appear to be active doesn't mean the burrow is unused. Always use caution near potential burrows, as there could be an animal inside! Place the detectors in broad daylight, long before the animal will likely come out. Avoid reaching into burrows with your hands, and if you can, place the detectors using a long stick or a trash picker to avoid getting too close to the burrow. And make sure to have an easy exit from the area if you accidentally disturb an animal. Most of the time, however, quietly placing leaves or straw in front of a burrow will not cause the animal to come out.
If skunks, raccoons, and/or opossums are in your neighborhood, it's possible they might even be living in your yard! When inspecting the perimeter of your yard and vegetated areas for pathways and tunnels, it is possible that one may lead to a burrow. Skunks either dig their own burrows or reuse other cavities like hollow logs, other animals' burrows, or crawlspaces under buildings. Raccoons and opossums don't dig their own burrows, but reuse spaces they find. All three of these animals may be found nesting close to the ground, and raccoons and opossums sometimes nest aboveground (such as in tree branches hollowed out by woodpeckers) as well.
When looking for burrows, here are some signs to look out for:
Tunnels that lead into thick vegetation and don't seem to come out on the other side. Many animals make their homes in these areas. However, it might just be another tunnel.
Holes dug under structures or at the edges of paved areas. These may be burrows a skunk has made, which may be inhabited by the skunk itself or another animal like an opossum.
Cavities in the trunks or branches or trees. These areas tend to appeal to raccoons and sometimes opossums. Look for signs of use, such as fur stuck to the edges of the hole or a trampled pathway leading to and from the tree.
Trampled pathways leading into crawlspaces or other manmade cavities. Skunks, raccoons, and opossums sometimes make use of these areas to live in, and probably wouldn't be entering them if they're just passing by.
As with pathways, once you have identified possible burrows, you can monitor activity by making detectors with straw or leaves, by setting up a wildlife camera, or by simply sitting in your yard as it gets dark and watching for animals.
Skunks, raccoons, and opossums are opportunistic eaters, feeding on a wide range of items they can find in either natural settings or neighborhoods. Sometimes they will grab a piece of food and take it with them, leaving scraps along the way. If you have fruit trees, look for fruit or fruit scraps that seem out of place. For example, an opossum might have taken a fallen apple off the ground and brought it into the bushes to eat it, leaving part of it behind. Eggshells, bones, pieces of trash, and other items in unusual places could also be signs of nocturnal animal activity. They could also have been left behind by crows or jays.
Signs of Digging
Nocturnal animals, particularly skunks, sometimes dig small holes in the ground to forage for grubs. Look in areas of moist soil such as gardens and lawns, which are likely to support these insects. If you see a place where it looks like something was digging, but the hole doesn't go all the way into the ground like a gopher hole, it may signify skunk activity.
Scratched Wooden Fences
Raccoons can move between yards by climbing over fences, but they can be quite clumsy, leaving scratches on the wood as they try to get up. Look for these marks near trees or bushes along the perimeter of your yard, as these are the places where raccoons will likely be trying to climb over the fence. If you have a fence right outside your window, you may even be woken up by the sound of a raccoon climbing over it every once in awhile.
Tracks and Scat
Look closely on the ground and you may see the tracks or scat of animals. Tracks are most easily found when the ground is wet- look for imprints in muddy areas, or dirty footprints on a path or sidewalk. Scat can be found all year, and is most commonly located in areas that animals spend the most time- under bushes and around the perimeter of your yard, for example. You can use a field guide or the iNaturalist app to identify the specific type of animal from its tracks or scat, or simply monitor for these signs to determine what areas of your yard are most used by wildlife.


text: Millipedes are a diverse and ancient group of poorly known terrestrial organisms. While recent advances in their taxonomy and distribution have occurred in some areas of the world, our knowledge about the distribution and ecology of many taxa in the Pacific Northwest is limited. We review the ecology of taxa we observed and present results from a field study relating millipede abundance and community composition to environmental conditions of geology, vegetation, and climate. Millipedes of southwest Washington State were surveyed in the spring and fall of 2005 and 2006 along twelve headwater streams in forested landscapes. Overall, we observed 10 families of millipedes, with confirmed identification of 15 species. Millipede community composition differed strongly between seasons and across sites. For each season, we report family-specific multiple regressions relating millipede abundance/presence to environmental conditions. Given the ecological importance of millipedes as detritivores, more information on taxonomy and environmental relationships is needed. This research provides insight into the patterns and distribution of riparian-associated millipedes in the Pacific Northwest.


text:
Raze to the ground
To destroy and sweep completely away.
The expression 'raze to the ground', like 'bated breath' and 'just deserts', is often spelled incorrectly. The sources of these misunderstandings are the homophones 'bated' and 'baited', 'deserts' and 'desserts' and, in 'raze to the ground', 'raze' and 'raise'. Added to that is the fact that the correct spelling in each case is of an archaic word that is rarely used elsewhere.
As a child, I heard stories of WWII and of cities like Dresden and Hiroshima being, as I thought, 'raised to the ground'. That seemed odd to me. How could destroying them with bombs raise them? Were these cities underground? It makes a little more sense when we understand that 'raze' is the verb that gave rise to the noun 'razor'. What's being said is akin to 'razored (i.e. shaved) to the ground'. It seems that others are similarly confused - there are currently (Oct 2009) many hits in Google for 'raise the the ground'.
Raze is hardly a common word now (in the UK at least - there is more use of it in other countries, notably the USA), but it was in the 16th century; for example, Henry Howard, the Earl of Surrey, used it in Aeneid II, 1547, in a context that makes the 'razored/erased' meaning evident:
"I saw Troye fall down in burning gledes. Neptunus town clene razed from the soil."
Shakespeare also used it in Henry VI, Part II, 1592:
"These are his substance, sinewes, armes, and strength, With which he... Razeth your Cities, and subverts your Townes."
The earliest example that I can find of the precise 'raze to the ground' form is in The Glory of England, written by Thomas Gainsford in 1620:
"King Lewis held nothing in Italy but the lanterne of Genes, which afterward the Genouais razed to the ground."
If you invite your neighbours to a barn raising, you had better get the spelling right, or the consequences might be unfortunate.
See also, 'beck and call'.
See other phrases and sayings from Shakespeare.


Yahoo Obtains U.S. Patent For Human-Aided Search Ranking Method
Next Story
Public Enemy Cuts Its Next Album With Sellaband's Crowd-Funding
Remember when Yahoo was nothing more than a directory of the best links on the Web as determined by human editors? The Web is too vast for any humans to keep track of, but what if you could combine the heavy lifting of computers with the smarts and expert knowledge of humans? Well, Yahoo now has a patent for that.
Yahoo today was awarded a U.S. patent for a "Method and apparatus for search ranking using human input and automated ranking", which was originally filed more than 7 years ago. The patent, numbered 7,599,911, can be viewed on the USPTO website.
The patented method described in the documents calculates search rankings based on a combination of automated algorithms and human editor input. In the patent, Yahoo describes a way that previously-collected input from human editors can be mixed in ("blended") with what its search algorithms return, essentially resulting in better search results.
In the description, Yahoo admits there are disadvantages to human editors (mainly caused by the sheer volume of information available on the Web), but says the benefits are clear:
Ranking by human editors reviewing search results provides more relevant ranking than automated processes and even search users, because human editors possess better intelligence than the best software and more clearly understand distinctions in pages, and human editors focus on areas of their expertise. For example, a human editor would more easily spot a page that is irrelevant but contains terms designed to get a high ranking from an automated process.
I wonder about two things. First, since the patent application was filed back in August 2002, is it still relevant for Yahoo considering the advances that have been made in search technology over the past few years? And second, how does it feel about being awarded the patent now that it has basically sold off its search business to Microsoft? Too little, too late.
blog comments powered by Disqus


text:
About Fritz Kortner
May 12, 1892 - July 22, 1970
|Place of Birth||:||Vienna - Austria|
|Imdb Profile||:||IMDB Profile|
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Fritz Kortner (12 May 1892 – 22 July 1970) was an Austrian-born stage and film actor and theatre director. Kortner was born in Vienna as Fritz Nathan Kohn. He studied at the Vienna Academy of Music and Dramatic Art. After graduating, he joined Max Reinhardt in Berlin in 1911 and then Leopold Jessner in 1916. Also in that year he made his first appearance in a silent film. He became one of Germany's best known character actors. His speciality was playing sinister and threatening roles, though he also appeared in the title role of 1930's Dreyfus. With the coming to power of the Nazis, Kortner, being Jewish, chose to flee Germany in 1933. He emigrated to the United States, where he found work as a character actor and theatre director for a time before returning to Germany in 1949. Upon his return, he became noted for his innovative staging and direction, particularly of classics such as his Richard III (1964) in which the king crawls over piles of corpses at the end. Kortner died in Munich. Description above from the Wikipedia article Fritz Kortner, licensed under CC-BY-SA,full list of contributors on Wikipedia.


text:
Verification of greenhouse gases "Angrensor Energo" LLP
Project descriptionIn 2019, Green Bridge LLP, an accredited greenhouse gas verification body, verified greenhouse gas documents for Angrensor Energo LLP. The plant is included in the National Quota Allocation Plan for 2018-2020, accounting for GHG emissions is based on specific greenhouse gas emission factors.
The main activity of the enterprise is open pit coal mining at the Ekibastuz open pit.
Sources of GHG emissions are open pit coal mining, internal overburden extraction and storage, endogenous self-heating boilers, gas cutting.
In accordance with the verification carried out, the GHG assertion was recognized as reliable and made in accordance with the requirements of relevant international standards for the quantification of GHG emissions, their monitoring and reporting, as well as in accordance with national standards and current practice.


text:
Things that are regarded clean in terms of Religion
* All of the earth (mines, waters, grass, trees, flowers, fruit, etc) the external parts of the bodies of all of the living beings are regarded clean unless something regarded as najasah ghalizah or khafifah smears on them.
Only the pig is an exception. Its flesh, external part of its body, that is, its hair and skin are all dirty. If the clothes or the hand touches it, the part that touches it becomes dirty. It becomes obligatory to wash that part.
Some scholars say it is permissible to use the hair of pig in making paintbrushes and in sewing shoes due to a necessity. That is, the paint applied by a paintbrush made of the hair of pig and the shoes sewn by thread made of the hair of pig are not regarded as dirty.
Shafiis regard the external part of the body of the dog as dirty just like the pig.
* The blood of the flea, lice and bedbug is clean too.
* The fish and other animals that live in water and die in water are clean. Their blood is clean, too. If it smears the clothes, the clothes are regarded clean.
* Small sprinkles of urine as small as a pinpoint or the eye of a needle do not cause najasah on the body or clothes. It is permissible to perform prayers with clothes sprinkled with urine like that.
However, if those sprinkles of urine fall into a small amount of water, that water becomes dirty.
* The smoke from najasah does not make a garment dirty when it touches the garment.
* The mud of the streets is regarded clean whether it is hard or soft whether it contains manure or not. Therefore, the clothes do not become dirty when mud smears on them.
* The water used in wudu or ghusl – they are called ma al-musta'mal (used water) in fiqh – is clean. Dirt can be cleaned with this water. However, wudu or ghusl cannot be made with that used water.
* If someone lies in a dirty bed or on dirty ground, his clothes are not regarded to be dirtied.
* Wet laundry or things laid on a dirty but dry place are not regarded dirty unless traces of dirt are seen on them.


text:
Engines & Handcrews: At The Frontline
Engines and hand crews are at the frontline of wilderness and/or Wildland Urban Interface fires. When a fire first breaks out, an initial attack crew-- either an engine or handcrew-- will immediately respond to the outbreak.
Engine crews vary in size and capabilities, but usually include at least three trained firefighters, a few hundred gallons of water (and up to 1000 gallons or more) and foam concentrate, roll-out hose-reels with spray nozzles, chain saws, protective gear, various hand-tools (for constructing fire-line) and additional fire-hose to combat a blaze.
Hand crews usually consist of approximately 18-20 trained firefighters (including a crew boss and individual squad bosses), each armed with chainsaws or line-constructing tools (pulaskis, shovels, hazel hoes, rakes, etc.,) protective nomex pants and shirts, fire shelters and hard-hats. These individuals may utilize bladder bags (40 lb. water packs with spray nozzles), but mainly rely on hand-tools and saws to construct a line around the perimeter of a fire.
photos: Ian Keusink