How to copy file to s3 with aws cli example
This brief post will show you how to copy file or files with aws cli in several different examples. It will cover several different examples like:
 - copy files to local
 - copy files from local to aws ec2 instance
 - aws lambda python copy s3 file
You can check this article if you need to install and download files with S3 client on Linux Mint or Ubuntu: How to Download Files from S3 Bucket with AWS CLI on Linux Min
Step 1: Copy files to local with aws cli
One the S3 client is installed and correctly configured(check the link above). You can copy files from a S3 bucket to your local machine by command:
aws s3 cp
and example would be
aws s3 cp s3://some-space_bucket/my-file.txt.
The command above will copy the file located on bucket - s3://some-space_bucket/my-file.txt on the current working folder.
Step 2: Copy files to local with different AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
What about if you like to get files from a bucket which has different AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY from the configured one. And you don't like to store them on your machine.
In this case you can use the next command to copy files with custom keys:
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=xxx AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=xxx aws s3 cp s3://some-space_bucket/my-file.txt.
Step 3: Copy files from local to S3 bucket
If you need to copy a local file from your local machine to aws instance then you can use the next syntax:
aws s3 cp
or as example:
aws s3 cp./test.txt s3://some-space_bucket/my-file.txt
This will copy the local file test.txt from the current working folder to the bucket path: s3://some-space_bucket/my-file.txt
Step 4: Python aws lambda to copy S3 file(s)
If you need to create a aws lambda to copy files from S3 buckets you can check: Using an Amazon S3 trigger to invoke a Lambda function
The Python lambda to copy files is:
import json
import urllib.parse
import boto3
print('Loading function')
s3 = boto3.client('s3')
def lambda_handler(event, context):
 # Get the object from the event and show its content type
 key = urllib.parse.unquote_plus(event['Records'][0]['s3']['object']['key'], encoding='utf-8')
 response = s3.get_object(Bucket=bucket, Key=key)
 return response['ContentType']
 except Exception as e:
 print('Error getting object {} from bucket {}. Make sure they exist and your bucket is in the same region as this function.'.format(key, bucket))
 raise e
Step 5: Python aws lambda to copy S3 file from one bucket to other
If you need to copy files from one bucket to another with a aws lambda you can use next Python snippet:
import boto3
import json
s3 = boto3.resource('s3')
def lambda_handler(event, context):
 bucket = s3.Bucket('some-space_bucket-1')
 dest_bucket = s3.Bucket('some-space_bucket-2')
 for obj in bucket.objects():
 dest_key = obj.key
 s3.Object(, dest_key).copy_from(CopySource = {'Bucket': obj.bucket_name, 'Key': obj.key})
This will copy all files from some-space_bucket-1 to bucket some-space_bucket-2
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text: The non-linear free vibration behavior of functionally graded (FG) orthotropic cylindrical shell interacting with the two-parameter elastic foundation is investigated. The major goal of this research was to obtain a solution for the non-linear frequencies associated with the problem outlined above. The dynamic stability and compatibility equations of FG orthotropic cylindrical shells surrounded by an elastic foundation are derived within the first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and von Karman strain displacement relationships, and then superposition and Galerkin methods are adopted to convert the above equations into a nonlinear ordinary differential equation. The expression for non-linear frequency of FG orthotropic cylindrical shell surrounded by an elastic foundation within the FSDT is obtained using the homotopy perturbation method (HPM). In particular, similar expression in the framework of the classical shell theory (CST) is obtained, also. The results are compared and validated with the results available in the literature. Finally, the calculation and presentation of the effect of many parameters included in the analysis conclude the goals to be reached in the study. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Exactly what does it Indicate When You Name Your Baby Sugar Baby?
 - Home
"Sugar Baby" is one of the many names which has been given to the brand new genre of baby titles that are turning out to be popular in nation and the British isles. So what really does it indicate? Sugar baby is short for nice baby or sugar baby. This is a baby brand that _URL_ has been taken from the baby meals industry and is not related to the infant's health by any means. "Sugar" is simply name that sounds lovely.
What does it mean when somebody names their very own baby Sugar Baby? The meaning is pretty simple; the infant is going to be a small baby and the parents will attempt to keep the sugar absorption to a minimum mainly because that can actually cause medical problems. It is funny how that actually works because it actually is in the identity but the name is what is will make or break the baby. It is rather common to have child girl and have a child boy known as the same sugar babies sugar daddies thing, but in this case it might not be and so common.
"Sugar babies" because they are known to have been chosen seeing that the _URL_ favored brand of parents diagnosed with a family history of sugar gliders. The gliders are marsupials that are mostly from Sydney. They are primarily nocturnal in nature and in addition they primarily take in insects as their diet. They are small in size at about two pounds and the females are usually about ten pounds in pounds.
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What is the Difference between Headhunting and Recruitment?
While headhunting is a specialised job, recruitment is more functional in nature. Recruitment can be handled by a team of in-house recruiters or by professional recruiting firms, whereas headhunting needs the active involvement of the board of directors of the company, including the top management.
The terms recruitment and headhunting are often used interchangeably, but are they exactly the same things? If not, what is the difference between recruitment and headhunting?
To begin with, both of these are very different in many ways. To find out the difference between recruitment and headhunting, let us first understand what each term means.
What is hiring or recruitment?
Recruitment is best defined as the exhaustive process of sourcing and finding the right candidates from out of a pool of job seekers to fill up open job positions in the company. Therefore, recruitment is mainly about filling up vacant positions in the company with qualified and right-fit candidates.
This involves a broader process of sourcing, screening, recruitment and selection of candidates for the company, wherein, a recruiter or a team of recruiters and hiring managers work together to fill up positions.
So, when one uses the term "recruitment", it doesn't generally mean recruitment of the top management. As discussed, the term is mainly used to fill up the lower ranks rather than for filling the top executive roles.
The people involved in recruiting often serve as the link between the employer and the job seekers, providing their services to both the parties.
What is headhunting?
Allow us to explain this with an example: Salil Parekh is the CEO of Infosys. Before joining Infosys as the CEO, he served as the deputy CEO of Capgemini, another software technology firm.
How did Mr Parekh land the job as Infosys' CEO? What happened here was, Salil Parekh was headhunted by Infosys to spearhead their software technology business.
This transition materialised because Mr Parekh was already a big name as the member of the group management board at Capgemini, and was leading the business as deputy CEO. At the time he was headhunted by Infosys. So, his experience in the second most executive role at the software technology firm became a desirable skill for headhunters at Infosys. They were sure that he was perfect to lead the company as their top executive.
Hopefully, this example has properly explained headhunting. In simple terms, headhunting is also referred to as executive search and is often associated with the process of scouting and recruiting individuals for the top management positions in the organization. Headhunting, essentially, means the process of finding exclusive or highly skilled candidates for top-level positions.
Therefore, headhunting is an exclusive process limited to hiring one or 2 top people for the company, unlike recruiting, which is usually a mass hiring drive.
Headhunting is more a proactive process, wherein, the employer is looking for an eligible candidate regardless of whether the candidate is currently actively searching for a new job or not. This type of hiring is generally undertaken by the top management such as the board of directors, chairman, HR head, and other executive members of the organization.
Headhunting vs Recruitment
Now that both the terms have been understood, let us check the major difference between recruitment and headhunting.
 - Scope of open job positions
The scope of job positions is the most significant distinction in headhunter vs recruiter or headhunter vs recruitment agency.
In general, headhunters focus on hiring for limited open positions only. The purpose and scope of the headhunter are limited only to those top open job postings, which they are required to fill. The headhunting is generally done by the company board members or the top management, to fill the executive-level roles. These are top roles and, hence, are hard to fill as they usually require top experienced and highly skilled candidates who have had considerable experience working in top positions of other companies.
Whereas, recruiters are individuals or firms who undertake the overall recruitment or hiring process of the company. In general, recruiters have a wider scope of scouting for candidates as they have to fill a comparatively large number of positions. They are usually concerned with hiring for entry-level, lower-tier or middle-level job positions. They mostly hire for several different roles. Recruiters usually have a wider knowledge of the industry as their primary job is recruiting candidates.
 - The kind of job
When we talk of headhunter vs staffing agency for recruitment, it boils down to the kind of job each one recruits for. The headhunter's role is often limited to hiring for a singular role. For instance, if the company wants or needs to hire a CFO or the HR head, then the headhunting will most probably be done by the board of directors.
They will appoint one of the directors as the headhunter who will be in charge of the search committee that will scout for eligible candidates. In order to hire for CFO level roles, sometimes, the chairman and/or MD could also be present during the selection process. When the vacant position is filled, the process of headhunting is dissolved.
The recruiting team is generally an in-house, full-time team of the HR department or are hired professional recruiters whose sole purpose is recruiting and all activities associated with the process of hiring. They handle the overall recruitment process of the company, such as job ads posting, sourcing for candidates, candidate engagement, interview, selection and onboarding of new employees.
 - Time to hire
This is the major difference in headhunter vs recruitment agency. In general, recruiters or a recruitment agency has to deal with a large number of job applicants for given job positions. Therefore, they comparatively spend less time on each candidate as they have to entertain a large number of candidates. Their focus is on quantity rather than the quality of recruitment. The faster they fill the jobs the faster they earn.
As headhunting is generally about filling top-level positions, they are more focused on quality rather than quantity. Top positions require the person to be the best in the industry, therefore, headhunters are entrusted with the job to search for the best in the respective skillset. Thus, one needs to invest considerable time and effort in finding the perfect candidate, right from gathering information about prospects, rapport building, until the final selection of the candidate.
Therefore, sometimes headhunters spend months researching a particular prospect only to switch later to a different prospect due to minor differences in the key required and existing skills. So, headhunters must find the perfect candidate before finalizing the job offer.
Headhunting and recruitment are poles apart in their scope and functions. While headhunting is a specialised job, recruitment is more functional in nature. The recruitment activity can be handled by a team of in-house recruiters or by professional recruiting firms, whereas headhunting needs the active involvement of the board of directors of the company, including the top management, as the job positions are more to do with the executive level roles.
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We report the crystal structures of four synthetic members of the variscite group (space group type Pbca) and of bonacinaite, the first naturally occurring scandium arsenate member of the metavariscite group. All structures were determined using single-crystal X-ray intensity data. The following members were all synthesised under either mild hydrothermal conditions or by wet-chemical methods (<90°C). CrAsO4⋅2H2O (deep green): a = 8.894(2), b = 9.946(2), c = 10.206(2) Å and V = 902.8(3) Å3; R1 = 2.14%. Tl3+PO4⋅2H2O (colourless): a = 10.2848(7), b = 8.8578(6), c = 10.3637(7) Å and V = 944.14(11) Å3 (data at –173°C); R1 = 2.56%. MnSeO4⋅2H2O (pale pink): a = 10.441(2), b = 9.2410(18), c = 10.552(2) Å and V = 1018.1(3) Å3; R1 = 2.19%. A different method of preparation of MnSeO4⋅2H2O yielded crystals with very similar unit-cell parameters, a = 10.4353(5), b = 9.2420(5) and c = 10.5349(6) Å; R1 = 2.25%. CdSeO4⋅2H2O (colourless) has a = 10.481(1), b = 9.416(1), c = 10.755(1) Å and V = 1061.4(2) Å3; R1 = 1.53%. The thermal behaviour of the two selenate members was studied by a combination of DSC and TG, supplemented by PXRD. Bonacinaite (IMA2018-056), metavariscite-type natural (Sc,Al)(As,P)O4⋅2H2O (ideally ScAsO4⋅2H2O), crystallises in the space group P21/n, with a = 5.533(1), b = 10.409(2), c = 9.036(2) Å, β = 91.94(3)° and V = 520.11(18) Å3; R1 = 3.66%. The structural formula, supported by chemical analysis, is (Sc0.807(1)Al0.193)(As0.767(7)P0.233)O4⋅2H2O. All structures are based on frameworks built by corner-sharing of TO4 tetrahedra (T = P5+, As5+ or Se6+) with MO4(H2O)2 (M = Mn2+, Cd2+, Cr3+, Sc3+ or Tl3+) octahedra. The flexible frameworks are reinforced by partly bifurcated, strong to weak hydrogen bonds.
The crystal chemistry of all known synthetic and natural members of the variscite and metavariscite groups is discussed and compared, and the relative stabilities are evaluated. With the aid of the COMPSTRU program (Bilbao Crystallographic Server), a quantitative comparison of the crystal structures in both groups is given. Calculations of the structural and topological complexity reveal that the metavariscite structure type is structurally and topologically simpler than that of variscite. It is suggested that metavariscite and phosphosiderite are metastable kinetically stabilised phases, in contrast to thermodynamically stable variscite and strengite, respectively. The 3D frameworks of the members of both groups have been shown to be potential electrode materials for rechargeable Li ion batteries.
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text:
Every One Every Day
Every One Every Day is a project between Barking and Dagenham and Participatory City. It provides free activities and resources for communities across the Borough, including activities for young people.
Current projects include:
More information about these events and new events can be found at: _URL_


Anomaly Detection and Early Warning System
ADEWaS is a project funded by Deutsche Telekom Laboratories for developing an early warning system, which detects and failures at their early stages for telecommunication services and infrastructures. Telecommunication services, applications and infrastructure elements create huge amounts of audit trails that, if properly analyzed, carry clues in the form of anomalies. Timely detection and analysis of these anomalies may result in beneficial early warning messages for detection of attacks, failures and misuse.
In this project, the DAI Laboratory realizes a multiagent system (MAS) used to detect anomalies and create warning at early stages.
The ADEWaS MAS has the following major tasks:
 1. Collect data from various sources, e.g. server log files, intrusion detection systems, and transaction system.
 2. Translate the various data formats used by data source into a common format.
 3. Provide a semantic description for the system, data and detection results.
 4. Supply data to anomaly detection approaches. Present detection results, generate warnings and realize alert and notification mechanisms
The ADEWaS MAS is designed to work with a variety of anomaly detection approaches. The project partners Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz implement those ap-proaches. The approaches range from unsupervised, statistical approaches to supervised, machine learning approaches.
The approach developed within ADEWaS project is comprised of different categories of agents. The Data Acquisition agents are distributed among the network, encapsulate data sources and provide the raw data to Data Processing agents. These agents fulfill different tasks such as the annotation of raw data, the conversion to a common format, but also provision and notification mechanisms for other ADEWaS components, such as the detection agents. These agents belong to the category Data Exploitation and provide detec-tion results that can be reviewed and verified with the help the user.
Project Acronym:
Project Title:
Anomaly Detection and Early Warning System
05/01/2010 ⇢ 04/30/2012
Contact person:
Karsten Bsufka
Competence Centers:


text:
Two scientists from WKU's China Environmental Health Project (CEHP) returned this week from rural southwest China where they trained government scientists in techniques for understanding and protecting karst water resources.
Sean Vanderhoff of Louisville, a recent graduate of WKU master's in geoscience program, joined Dr. Chris Groves, CEHP and Hoffman Institute director, traveling to the Institute of Karst Geology (IKG) in Guilin. There they gave lectures and participated in fieldwork describing specialized methods of underground water tracing to support both water resource protection and joint U.S./China efforts to measure aspects of the global carbon cycle.
The Institute of Karst Geology is China's premier karst research facility and operates under the auspices of the Ministry of Land and Resources. Much of its work is focused on understanding and finding solutions to water supply and quality problems in China's karst regions, which impact tens of millions of mostly rural people.
The China Environmental Health Project, a program of WKU's Hoffman Environmental Research Institute, works to develop partnerships in China and internationally to enhance China's academic capacity building in environmental health and resource protection. Through 30 WKU trips to China since 1995, and supported by numerous visits of Chinese scientists to WKU, the joint teams have set up laboratories, implemented training seminars and fieldwork for scientists and government officials, and published papers in scientific journals. Most of this work has been under the auspices of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
The pair gave several lectures and conducted fieldwork in the Maocun Groundwater Basin near Guilin, which is a sister research site with Lost River Cave in Bowling Green. Vanderhoff also visited Southwest University in Chongqing to evaluate conditions at a groundwater tracing laboratory there established by CEHP in 2007, and he also gave several more lectures to about 50 scientists and graduate students.
"This was the perfect opportunity for Sean to use the experience he developed as a graduate student at WKU to help our Chinese colleagues develop new skills in groundwater protection," Groves said. "The same technology is also providing direct benefits to China's serious efforts to quantify CO2 budgeting and how it is impacting climate change."
The trip and related efforts were supported by matching grants from the Chinese government and WKU's Office of Research through its Research and Creative Activity (RCAP) Program.
Dr. David Keeling, Geography and Geology Department Head, noted: "Dr. Groves' engagement with the Chinese on matters of global scientific importance is a wonderful example of WKU's international reach. Our mission in the department is to engage with communities across the planet to help address the most pressing resource issues of the 21st century. The CEHP is one of many exciting opportunities for faculty, students, and colleagues directed by the Hoffman Institute that are making a real difference in people's lives."
Contact: Chris Groves, _PHONE_.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
- Psychology & the public
- What we do
- Member networks
- Careers, education & training
Stormont minister speaks at BPS event
John O'Dowd, minister for education in the Northern Ireland Executive, gave this year's British Psychological Society Northern Ireland Branch Public Lecture in Stanmills earlier week. The lecture took place during the branch's annual general meeting for 2012.
Speaking at the event, Mr O'Dowd said: "I welcome the opportunity to speak directly to practitioners, students and lecturers, to set out my vision for education and stress my commitment to securing improved outcomes for all children.
"My top priority is to create an education service that ensures that all our young people receive a high quality education. Whilst we have much to be proud of in our education system, with many high achieving young people there are also young people who do not reach their full potential and who leave school with little or no qualifications or skills.
"I want to raise standards in all aspects of education and, in doing so, reduce educational underachievement particularly for those young people who face barriers to learning."
The minister continued by saying if his vision for education is to succeed, consideration must be given to what happens outside of school, particularly in the home learning environment:
"Parental involvement and encouragement can have a direct and long-lasting effect on a child's cognitive, social and emotional development. As we understand more about the importance of positive and supportive environments and their impact on brain development we understand more clearly how the first years can shape the rest of a child's life and educational outcomes."
Read more about the work of our Northern Ireland Branch.


TTMIK Level 3 Workbook
* Please be sure to also read our return policy here.
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3. Dictation 3. Matching
4. Complete the dialogue
5. Fill in the blank
6. Complete the sentence
 7. Multiple choice
 8. Translation (Korean ↔ English)
 9. Short answer
10. Define and translate
11. Fill in the conjugation chart
12. True/False
13. Q&A
14. Vocabulary builder pyramid
15. Situational expressions
16. Vocabulary web
With over 150 pages of review with a base price of just $12, this reasonably priced study aid is the perfect investment to help improve your Korean language skills.
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text: Stellar flares are an important aspect of magnetic activity - from both stellar evolution and circumstellar habitability viewpoints - but automatically and accurately finding them is still a challenge to researchers in the big data era of astronomy. We present an experiment to detect flares in space-borne photometric data using deep neural networks. Using a set of artificial data and real photometric data we trained a set of neural networks, and found that the best performing architectures were the recurrent neural networks using long short-term memory layers. The best trained network detected flares over 5 sigma with greater than or similar to 80% recall and precision and was also capable of distinguishing typical false signals (e.g., maxima of RR Lyr stars) from real flares. Testing the network -trained on Kepler data- on TESS light curves showed that the neural net is able to generalize and find flares -with similar effectiveness- in completely new data with different sampling and characteristics from those of the training set o.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
This paper proposes and demonstrates a novel microcalorimetric sensor for detecting BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin). In order to eliminate additional heating structures and calibration steps, a split-flow microchannel is integrated with the microcalorimeter. The split-flow microchannel keeps the output of the microcalorimeter constantly near a zero level without any heating elements when there is no biochemical reaction. By using the split-flow microchannel, an active heating element such as a heater is no longer required. And, in order to improve the sensitivity of the microcalorimeter, a thermal sensing component, a thermopile in this case, has been fabricated on a high thermal resistivity layer, which reduces a parasitic heat transfer to the silicon substrate and makes released thermal energy concentrated to the thermopile. The characteristics of the proposed microcalorimeter were investigated by measuring the reaction heat of the biotin-streptavidin pairs. The sensitivity was measured to be 0.8 Whsec/cal. Then, a biological reaction between BCG and its antibody was detected using the proposed microcalorimeter. In order to verify the reliability of the measurement, exactly the same amount of BCG was reacted with its antibody, and the optical density was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a known reference.
|Number of pages||8|
|Publication status||Published - 2008|
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Biomedical Engineering
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering


text:
Construction noise is a common issue that many people face. Many construction projects are underway throughout the day and can be disruptive to your daily routine. There are several measures you can take to help reduce the impact of construction noise on your life. This blog post will discuss some of the most common issues people face with construction noise and provide tips for how to mitigate the impact.
Anyone who has ever lived near a construction site knows that the noise can be incredibly disruptive. The sound of jackhammers and other equipment can make it difficult to concentrate or even carry on a conversation. And for people who are sensitive to noise, the constant cacophony can be highly stressful. But why is construction noise so loud?
Part of the answer has to do with the fact that many construction materials are good at reflecting sound waves. Another factor is that construction equipment is often designed to be as efficient as possible, which means that it generates a lot of power – and noise. Fortunately, there are ways to reduce the impact of construction noise. For example, builders can use construction sound barriers and other sound-dampening materials and enclose noisy equipment in acoustically-sealed cabinets.
By taking measures to reduce construction noise, we can help make our communities more liveable for everyone.
Construction sites are notorious for being noisy places. The sound of drills, saws, and hammers can be heard echoing through the streets, and the constant onslaught of noise can be disruptive for both residents and businesses. However, not all construction noise is created equal.
Different types of noises can have different effects on people, and it is important to understand these implications in order to minimize the negative impact of construction noise. For example, low-frequency noises like the rumble of a diesel engine can cause headaches, dizziness, and fatigue, while high-frequency noises like the screech of a power saw can cause anxiety and irritability.
In order to minimise the disruption caused by construction noise, it is important to understand the different types of sounds that are being generated and their potential effects on people. By taking these factors into account, companies can choose the adequate construction sound barrier to reduce the negative impact of their activities on the surrounding community.
If you are being disrupted by excessive construction noise, the first thing you should do is try to talk to the contractor or construction crew. It is possible that they are not aware of the problem and will be willing to take measures to reduce the noise. If that does not work, or if you feel like the situation is not being adequately addressed, your next step should be to contact your local city or county code enforcement office. They will be able to investigate the situation and determine whether the contractor is violating any noise ordinances.
If they find that the contractor is in violation, they may issue a warning or citation. In some cases, they may even order the contractor to stop work until the problem is resolved.


How Much Power do Case Fans Use? (Explained)
How Much Power Do Case Fans Use
Do case fans use a lot of power? Do RGB case fans use more power than non-RGB fans? Should you even care about the amount of power that case fans use? These will be the subjects under investigation today.
We will be talking about fans. Specifically, how much power case fans use. We'll break it down into different sizes and speeds, and we'll be sharing a few pro tips with you that you should keep in mind when asking the question "how much power do case fans use?"
So if you're all set, let's get into it.
How Much Power do Case Fans Use?
Typically, case fans use anywhere from .06W to 6W, but the actual amount will depend on what fan you're using, its size, and at what speed it's running. As an example, a Noctua NF-F12 only uses 0.6W of power, but a Corsair LL120 uses up to 3.96W. So if you're worried about using too much power, best do your research and add up all the wattage in your computer, then add 25% to make sure your PSU can handle everything spinning up.
The Power Consumption of the Average Case Fan
Your average case fan uses very little power, typically between 1W and 6W. Therefore, many people tend to overlook them in their builds. While this usually doesn't cause any problems, it certainly could. Especially if you're close to maxing out your PSU's wattage.
If you're a fan of RGB fans, good news! RGB fans use LEDs that are super efficient and the amount of power they draw is negligible. So, it won't make any difference in your overall wattage.
Now, we'd like to share an important tip when building your PC–power management.
It's important to know the wattage of your fans and to take into account how much extra power it will take when powering everything on.
This is due to a little thing called inrush current. You see, when you start up a fan, or any electronic component for that matter, it creates a peak in the power current to get everything moving. The good news is that the inrush current immediately begins to lessen once the fans start to spin.
After just a few seconds, the fan begins to generate its own power through a process called 'counter-electromotive force' that helps stabilize the power flow and maintains the correct operating wattage.
This fact only comes into play when turning on your PC. Once your rig is running, everything stabilizes to normal operating wattages, speeds, and temperatures.
That's why it's always a smart idea to tally up your total wattages and add 25% then compare that with your power supply. If your PSU is rated higher than your total wattage, you're good to go. If it's lower, you will need to buy a new PSU.
Next, let's talk about what each size case fan is capable of at varying speeds. We'll be using the most common sizes in these examples.
80mm Case Fans Wattage
Case fans within the 80mm category are primarily used in small form factor builds. These fans are typically the most power efficient, but overall, are less efficient in regards to airflow than their 120mm brethren outside of their niche uses.
An 80mm case fan running at 2000 RPM will use roughly 0.9W of power. At 3000 RPM, they'll use about 1.4W to 1.8W depending on the model. This makes them extremely power efficient and allows you to use multiple in your build with little concern for their power requirements.
120mm Case Fans Wattage
120mm case fans are the most common with builders these days. That's because they hit that sweet spot between airflow and power efficiency.
On average your typical 120mm case fan will use 3.6W of power during normal operation. But this could go up to or even surpass 6W for models that run at 2000 or more RPM, again it depends on the brand and model, so know your fans and keep track of your PSU's available power.
140mm Case Fans Wattage
140mm case fans are another popular choice in larger builds. They are typically quieter and offer a specific aesthetic, especially when you add RGB.
Overall, you can expect around 2W to 6W of power usage at operational speeds between 1000 RPM and 2000 RPM respectively.
200mm Case Fans Wattage
For the big 'ol cases, we use big 'ol case fans–200mm. These are some of the quietest fans as they only spin at 150 RPM to 1000 RPM. Correspondingly, they do not use as much power as you might expect, despite their size.
For example, a Noctua AF20 only uses 0.96W, that's surprisingly low! But on the other hand, 200mm case fans can go to the high side of the power range, like the AeroCool Silent Master, which consumes 5.1W.
Like the rest of them, the power used by a 200mm case fan varies wildly depending on make and model, but you can safely assume anywhere between 1W to 6W. But they are some of the heaviest fans seeing as there is more plastic in the larger fins, so spin-up wattage will be among the highest.
PC Fan
Accounting for Inrush Current
Now, this is where it can get a little tricky. For the sake of this argument let's assume you have a 500W PSU. Additionally, let's also assume your total added wattage is 450W, which leaves 50W left over.
In some instances, the inrush current can be up to, or even over, 300% higher than the listed operating current. So this would mean that a fan rated at 0.08A at 12V would have a normal operating wattage of 0.99W. But taking the startup voltage into account, that same fan would need 0.36A resulting in 4.32W–an increase of 336%.
If you had five of these fans in your PC, then when you start your computer it will require 21.6W for just a few seconds to get them all going.
That only leaves 28.4W of power remaining in your PSU. And that's just for the fans. Considering that everything else in your PC also has an inrush current requirement, you're more than likely going to run into problems such as crashing or worse.
Again, these metrics are only an example and your mileage will vary, but we can not stress this enough–always add up all of your component's rated wattage and make sure you have ample wattage left over in your PSU to avoid damaging something in your PC and don't forget the fans.
How to Determine a Case Fan's Power Requirement
Normally, your case fan's power rating can be found on the manufacturer's website. It will either show the rating in watts or in amperes or both.
If it's listed in watts, great! That makes it easier for you to calculate the total power in your build.
If it's in amperes, that's ok too, the math is super easy. The formula to figure out your fan's wattage is as follows.
P=IV
P is the power in watts, where I is the rated amperes of the fan and V is current, which is typically 12V for most fans.
Using this formula is simple, just plug in the numbers. Let's take the Noctua NF-A12X15 for example. It is rated for 0.13A and requires a 12V connection. Multiply 0.13 by 12 and you get P=1.56. So, a Noctua NF-A12X15 uses 1.56 watts.
Now that you know how to determine your case fan's rated wattage, you can take the total wattage of all your case fans, plus the wattage of all your other components, and match it with your PSU. Easy, right?
In Conclusion
To simplify it all down to the basics, case fans use very little power. But they can all add up, especially when you factor in the inrush current requirement. We don't mean to sound like a broken record here, but it's important to make sure your PSU has more power than you're using. If you're getting close to your power supply's wattage limit, instead of looking for power-efficient fans, you should just buy a stronger PSU.
We hope that you found this article helpful. If you did, we kindly ask that you please share it with your family and friends on social media. By doing so, you'll be helping not only us, but you'll also be helping out the community as a whole by exposing others to our content. And if you're still in a sharing mood, share your thoughts with us in the comment section down below. We love hearing from you!
About Kasimir Wera 19 Articles
Kasimir has been fascinated by technology from a young age. It started when he got a Nintendo 64 for his 7th birthday and took it apart to see what was inside. Now, many years later, that fascination with gaming and technology has only grown with the technological boom he grew up in. Over the years, he has built, upgraded, and repaired many PCs for himself, his family, and


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Definition of Shotgun sequencing
Shotgun sequencing: An approach used to decode a genome by shredding ("shotgunning") it into smaller fragments of DNA which can then be individually sequenced. The sequences of these fragments are then ordered, based on overlaps in the genetic code, and finally reassembled into the complete sequence.
The "whole genome shotgun" method is applied to the entire genome all at once, while the "hierarchical shotgun" method is applied to large, overlapping DNA fragments of known location in the genome.Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionary
Last Editorial Review: 6/14/2012
Find out what women really need.


Optometric technicians (OTs) are skilled eye care professionals that assist an Optometrist, otherwise known as an eye doctor.
If you're interested in a medical career but would prefer not to spend an extensive amount of time and money on medical school, becoming an ophthalmic technician is a rewarding career with training opportunities open to anyone with a high school diploma or GED.
In this blog, we discuss what an Optometric technician does, how to become one, and how they differ from an ophthalmic assistant or technologist.
What does an optometric technician do?
An Optometric technician's main responsibility is to assist an eye doctor in providing care to patients.
Every office does things a bit differently, but typically, ophthalmic technicians assist with tasks like:
 - Taking patient medical histories
 - Performing basic eye exams and tests
 - Answering questions about medications, eyeglasses, and contact lenses
 - Helping with in-office procedures
 - Using diagnostic instruments (lensometers, keratometers, and ophthalmometers)
 - Maintaining ophthalmic equipment
 - Sending prescriptions to pharmacies
 - Coordinating/scheduling future appointments
An OT is there to make sure a patient's experience at the eye doctor is as comfortable as possible and that all of a patient's questions are answered. OTs often work with patients of all kinds—from kids getting their first pair of glasses to seniors with a variety of eye health concerns.
What is the difference between a paraoptometric, assistant, technician, and coder?
An ophthalmic technician is only one of three ophthalmic-allied health professional certifications. While technicians, assistants, and technologists all assist an eye doctor, each job has different requirements and different responsibilities around the office.
 - Certified Paraoptometric (CPO ) can perform visual acuity tests (a vision exam that uses an eye chart), assess pupils, administer medications, document patient history, answer patient questions, and help with general office tasks. No prior work experience is required to become a CPO, but you must pass a certification exam, which typically requires 6 to 12 months of study independently or through a training program.
 - Certified Paraoptometric Assistant (CPOA) ) as we've discussed, can do all of the above, but are also trained to handle specialized instruments such as a lensometer, a keratometer, and an ophthalmometer. You must be employed as a CPO for at least 2,000 hours (one year of full-time work) to become certified as a technician.
 - Certified Paraoptometric Technician (CPOT) have the most training and technical knowledge of the three roles. They are able to perform all of the duties of an assistant and a technician, but can also perform ophthalmic photographs, ultrasounds, and supervise other roles. Becoming a technologist requires a minimum of 3,000 hours employed as a CPOA (18 months of full-time work).
 Each role also has specific educational requirements—you can learn more about the required courses and how the certification process works on the AOA Website
Ophthalmic Technicians vs Optometric Technicians
Ophthalmic technicians assist an ophthalmologist, an eye doctor who is licensed to practice medicine and surgery and is equipped to diagnose and treat any eye condition.
Optometric technicians assist an optometrist, an eye doctor who provides primary vision care, such as prescribing corrective lenses and administering eye exams.
Ophthalmic technicians share many of the same responsibilities as optometric technicians, such as answering patient questions and performing certain eye tests, but optometric technicians have different certification requirements. You can learn more about what it takes to become an Ophthalmic technician on the Joint Commission on Allied Health Personnel in Ophthalmology Website
How to Become an Optometric Technician
OTs must hold a high school diploma or GED—a bachelor's degree is not typically required. There are two main ways to enter the field and become an OT, each with its own pros and cons.
 1. Training Programs & Accredited Schools: Training programs for Optometric technicians typically take 1 to 2 years to complete and allow you to skip the lower levels of certification and jump right to becoming an OT. However, because they require hands-on training, these programs must be completed in person. This may not be ideal if you don't live close to a school that offers ophthalmic training
 2. On-The-Job Training: Many optometric technicians begin their careers as receptionists or office administrators in an optometry office, and receive on-the-job training to become an ophthalmic assistant. To become an optometric technician, you'll need to work as an OA for at least one year. On-the-job training is great because you're able to earn income while you learn and work your way through the levels of certification, but you'll need to be self-motivated to stay on top of your education without the structure of a formal training program.
Your education doesn't stop once you start a career in eye care—True Eye Experts, we encourage our team members to continue their learning by attending seminars and conferences and staying up to date with the latest advances in eye care technology.
Explore Careers in Eye Care
If you're interested in working in the eye care field, there are plenty of rewarding career paths to choose from.
Here at True Eye Experts, our team of optometrists and eye care staff work together to examine patients, diagnose conditions, and make treatment recommendations that best suit a patient's needs. They also help with things like fitting patients for specialty contact lenses, helping patients choose the right eyeglasses, and make referrals to eye surgery experts.
We're always looking for passionate people to join our optometry team at our offices in Lutz, North Fort Myers, New Tampa, and Trinity, Florida. If you'd like to learn more about our employment opportunities, click here to visit our Careers page.
If you're a patient who's ready to book a visit, click here to request an appointment. We're always excited to see new patients!


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Mark Hart helps high school teens understand HOW and WHY the words of the Mass are changing. Mark compares the "dynamic equivalent" and the "formal equivalent" of how we translate words from Latin to English, and then explains the elaborate process used to create the new Roman Missal. Finally, Mark challenges teenagers to rediscover the meaning behind the words we pray at Mass each week.
For more information go to IsMassChanging.org. For an overview all the videos you can download go here on CatholicYouthMinistry.com


选项
Reference
Mode:Sculpt Mode
Panel:Toolbar ‣ Options
Threaded Sculpt
Takes advantage of multiple CPU processors to improve the sculpting performance.
Fast Navigation
For multi-resolution models, shows low resolution while navigating in the viewport.
Use Deform Only
Limits the activated modifiers on the active object to Deform Modifiers, and Multiresolution. Constructive modifiers (like Subdivision Surface, Mirror and other) get deactivated, because they could give inaccurate results.
Show Diffuse Color
Allows the active object to show its diffuse color when sculpting.
Show Mask
The option to hide mask in the viewport. Brushes themselves are still affected by the mask, but the viewport will not display the mask.
See also
See the Display options.
Unified Brush
Size
Forces the brush size to be shared across brushes.
Strength
Forces the brush strength to be shared across brushes.
Color
Not used in Sculpt Mode.
Gravity
Factor
Setting the factor allows you to add gravity to your brush strokes, giving it a draping effect.
Orientation
Using another object, the gravity can be oriented to the set object's local Z axis, changing the direction of the gravity.


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Rule-Based Modeling as an Analysis Tool
Implications for Resource Allocation Within the Strategic Air Command
Examines the potential of rule-based modeling as an analysis tool for investigating resource allocation policy issues. Focus is on resource allocation within B-52 flying organizations of the Strategic Air Command (SAC). A rule-based computer system, DOSS (Decision Oriented Scheduling System), is demonstrated to provide a valid model of many variables that affect resource allocation of aircrews and aircraft. DOSS is then used to analyze effects on wing performance of several alternative decision rules and policies. Analysis focuses on the capability of SAC bomb wings, given current resources, to increase the SAC alert force and to fly more training sorties. The analysis has implications for the particular policy issues examined, but its more general aim is to illustrate the potential of DOSS for examining a broad range of resource allocation policy issues within SAC. A number of implications are discussed regarding the potential of rule-based modeling for improving organizational decisionmaking in general.


text:
Expect cloudy conditions with a chance of scattered and occasional rain, says the National Centre of Meteorology and Seismology (NCMS)
Unstable weather conditions in UAE to persist
ABU DHABI // More scattered showers are expected today and in the next two days over different parts of the country.
Unstable weather conditions will persist.
Clouds will increase over scattered areas, with a chance of occasional rain over the central and southwestern region, according to the National Centre of Meteorology and Seismology (NCMS).
Winds are expected to be moderate, and may freshen at times, causing blowing dust over the exposed area.
Temperatures could reach a maximum of 26ºC to 32ºC in the interior, and 25ºC to 29ºC on the coast, with lows of 18ºC to 23ºC in the interior and 19ºC to 25ºC on the coast.
Winds may reach 35kph at times in the interior and coastal areas. Relative humidity is expected to reach highs of 60 to 90 per cent.
Weather conditions will remain unstable for the next two days. It will be partly cloudy, with a chance of occasional rain over the eastern region.
Winds will be moderate in general, causing blowing dust over the exposed areas, while the sea will be moderate to rough at times.
The temperature is expected to rise on Wednesday, predicted the NCMS.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I'm studying Weil pairing and its applications in cryptography. I already know that it can be defined like this:
$$w(P, Q) = (-1)^n\frac{f_P(Q)}{f_Q(P)}\frac{f_Q}{f_P}(\mathcal{O})$$
$\textrm{div}(f_P) = n(P) - n(\mathcal{O})$ and $\textrm{div}(f_Q) = n(Q) - n(\mathcal{O})$.
This is not suitable for computation, so we shift the numerator by $R$ and the denominator by $S$ and we obtain:
$$w(P, Q) = (-1)^n\frac{g_P(Q+S)}{g_Q(P+R)}\frac{g_Q(R)}{g_P(S)}$$
$\textrm{div}(g_P) = n(P+R) - n(\mathcal{R})$ and $\textrm{div}(g_Q) = n(Q+S) - n(\mathcal{S})$.
Enter Miller's algorithm. In order to calculate $g_P(A)$ we define $h_k$ for $k = 0,\ldots,n$ as:
$$\textrm{div}(h_k) = k(P+R) - k(R) - (kP) + \mathcal{O}$$
Now, $h_n = g_P$ and we can calculate $h_{k+l}(A)$ from $h_k(A)$ and $h_l(A)$. So we construct a "double-and-add" algorithm similar to fast exponentiation.
Although $g_P(A)$ is never zero or infinity (for $A = Q+S$ or $A = S$), it can happen that during the execution of "double-and-add" algorithm we can encounter some $h_k(A)$ equal to zero or infinity. The solution is to randomly select new $Q$ and $S$ and start over.
How do I prove that there exist such $Q$ and $S$ that I will be able to calculate the Weil pairing of $P$ and $Q$?
If possible, I'd like to see some simple argument that does not refer to algebraic geometry, as I don't know anything about it - I come from cryptography.
share|improve this question
I fear that any legitimate proof that the algorithm succeeds after relatively few re-starts, or even that there exists a choice that would succeed, will require a little serious consideration of how elliptic curves work. Not "algebraic geometry", really. Ed Silverman has several books about elliptic curves addressing a range of audiences, starting with one with minimal prerequisites. – paul garrett Jun 27 '11 at 18:30
Argh. Of course it's Joe Silverman. I'm an idiot. – paul garrett Jun 27 '11 at 19:31
I think I recall that the additive group is the direct product of two cyclic groups or something similar. So you choose points in the "other half" (for the algorithm probabilistically they have high enough order, for the proof one exists with high enough order) so that no collisions/interactions happen. – Aeryk Jun 27 '11 at 19:40
2 Answers 2
I had thought that if suitably formulated, Miller's algorithm works without having to go back and recompute if some intermediate point turns out to be the point at infinity. Miller's algorithm is described in many books, but I'll point for example to the 2nd edition of my Arithmetic of Elliptic Curves (Springer GTM 106, 2009). The algorithm is described in Figure 11.6 on page 394, where note that the formula for $h_{P,Q}$ on that page depends on whether the relevant slope is finite or infinite. I'm not really an algorithms person, so there are likely to be ways to make the computation more efficient than what I described. And as a final note, there's an alternative way to compute the Weil and Tate pairings using elliptic divisibility sequences (nets) due to Kate Stange, The Tate pairing via elliptic nets, Pairing-Based Cryptography -- PAIRING 2007, Springer LNCS 4575 (2007), 329-348 [_URL_
_USER_ Garrett: Who is "Ed" Silverman?
share|improve this answer
_USER_... Argh... Sorry! In fact, there really was Ed Silverman, a professor at Purdue. – paul garrett Jun 27 '11 at 19:29
(Actually, Ed Silverman was a math prof at Purdue some decades ago, is how the name got into my head... But, still, sorry!) – paul garrett Jun 27 '11 at 19:32
Thank's, I'll definitely look into that. Meanwhile, I think I found a simple argument, see my answer below. – Jasiu Jun 27 '11 at 20:20
_USER_: Not a problem, I figured it was a slip of the keyboard. So Edward Silverman (Ph.D. University of California, Berkeley 1948) had two PhD students at Purdue in the 1970s. (The math genealogy project is such fun!) – Joe Silverman Jun 27 '11 at 21:04
In order to calculate $h_{k+l}(A)$ from $h_k(A)$ and $h_l(B)$ you have to evaluate lines $l_1$ and $l_2$ at point $A$, where $l_1$ passes through $kP$ and $lP$ and $l_2$ is a vertical line through $(k+l)P$. The "double-and-add" algorithm takes $log_2(n)$ steps to compute $h_n(A)$, so only $O(log_2(n))$ points of form $mP$ are involved when determining lines $l_1$ and $l_2$ at various steps of the algorithm. There are certainly more points on an elliptic curve than that.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


Two different naphthene.
 1. In this table there are two different naphthene so this confuses me.
 Attached Files:
 2. jcsd
 3. adjacent
 adjacent 1,536
 Gold Member
 They are saturated and non saturated Naphthene.
 4. Why arent there any explanation for aromatic in the table and benzene and unsaturated naphthene are written under aromotic so are benzene and unsaturated naphthene are aromatic but saturated naphthene not?
 5. Borek
 Staff: Mentor
 What does it mean "aromatic"?
 Do you understand the difference between benzene and cyclohexane?
 6. Look at the table in the pic, there is no info for aromatic and there are benzene and the other
 7. Borek
 Staff: Mentor
 I agree table is not especially good, but formulas given explain rather well what is what. Especially when you know the answers to the question I posted earlier.
Have something to add?
Draft saved Draft deleted


Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) Plants
The purpose of recycling is to use the valuable energy that found in waste and to protect the environment and contribute to the economy by replacing fossil fuels.
HSK provides special technologies,processes and equipment to convert waste into energy. This includes shredding, sifting, classification and equipment.
During the recycling process, parts of high calorific value are reusable, separated from other product groups and prepared for fuel in industrial plants and ovens.This plants are called Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) preparation plants.
Paint which is decomposed as industrial waste and cannot be used again, textiles, paper, waste mud with sufficient caloric value, waste such as plastic support the economy and environmental protection in RDF plants.
Waste required for RDF plants can be used not only with industrial waste, but also in remaining waste after the separation of municipal waste.
Depending on the calorific value and grain size, these fuels are often used in heat-needed plants such as cement factories or fuel power plants.
RDF plants can undergo different porcesses according to the desired grain size and caloric values as input and output product type. These operations can be single step or multiple step.
Single Step RDF Plants;
 - Final Shredding and Sizing process
Multiple Step RDF Plants;
 - Pre-Shredding Process
 - Elimination and Decomposition
 - Magnetic Separation
 - Secondary Shredding and Sizing
Refuse Derived Fuel Plants Photo Gallery
Refuse Derived Fuel Plants Video


Understanding Maximum Geomagnetic Latitude and Auroral Ovals
The Max textbox in the GeoMag panel of DXView's Main window displays the maximum magnetic latitude encountered by a signal traversing the short or long path from your QTH to the selected position. This parameter is relevant because it indicates the likelihood of auroral interaction -- the higher the maximum geomagnetic latitude, the more likely a signal is to traverse the auroral zones.
The earth's magnetic poles do not align with its geographic poles, and are in fact moving. In 2005, the geomagnetic north pole was estimated to be at 82 18' N, 113 24' W. Interaction between the stream of charged particles emitted by our sun and the earth's magnetic field produces auroral zones over the earth's north and south geomagnetic poles. The auroral zones expand and contract as a function of the intensity and orientation of this particle stream. KN4LF provides a nice discussion of the impact of these zones on propagation, excerpted below:
To configure DXView to display the estimated position of the auroral zone boundaries (based on the K-index and time-of-day) on its world map, check the Auroral zones box in the World Map window's Map panel; then you'll directly see the likely interaction experienced by a paricularly signal.
Post a question or suggestion on the DXLab Discussion Group
DX Information
Getting Started with DXLab
AuroralOvals (last edited 2018-07-12 17:19:45 by AA6YQ)


text:
Italy's rain and snowfall levels are currently not sufficient to rectify the water deficit that nation has carried over from last year, the ANBI water resource association said.
It said the levels of the nation's largest freshwater reserves, the big lakes of northern Italy, were under the average for the time of year.
It added that the percentage that had been refilled during the wetter autumn and winter months was lower than in January 2022, which came before an "extraordinary season of drought" last year.
It said it was "impossible" make up the deficit with the "current rainfall levels".
Scientists say that longer droughts, irregular rainfall and more frequent and intense extreme-weather events are among the consequences of the climate crisis caused by human greenhouse-gas emissions.


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Invisible Emotion, Anxiety and Fear: Quantifying the Mind Using EKG with mDFA
Fluctuation or variation of the heartbeat represents momently varying inner emotional tension. Can this psychological variations of the inner world, anxiety for example, is detectable and even quantifiable? Our answer to the question: Using a long-time electrocardiogram (EKG), we quantified them. We recorded EKGs by our own EKG amplifiers. The amplifier has a newly designed electric circuit, which enable us to record a stable EKG. The amplifier made it possible to record a perfect EKG where the EKG trace never jump-out from the PC monitor screen. Using this amplifier, we captured approximately 2000 heartbeats without missing a single beat. For the analysis of the EKGs, we used "modified detrended fluctuation analysis (mDFA)" technique, which we have recently developed by our group. The mDFA calculates the scaling exponent (SI, scaling index) from the time series data, i.e., the R-R interval time series data obtained from EKG. Detecting 2000 consecutive peaks, the mDFA can distinguish between a normal and an abnormal heart: a normal healthy heartbeat exhibits an SI of around 1.0, comparable to the fluctuations exemplified as the 1/f spectrum. The heartbeat recorded from subjects who have stress and anxiety exhibited a lower SI. Arrhythmic heartbeats and extra-systolic heartbeats both also exhibited a low SI ~0.7, for example. We propose that the mDFA technique is a useful computation method for checking health. The functional capabilities of various internal systems, such as the circulatory system and the autonomic nervous system, can be quantified by using mDFA.


01 March 2011
Snail dispersal by cars - Part 2
Published evidence for the passive dispersal of land snails, especially of alien species, on cars was the subject of this post. The process is simple: if a car is parked at a spot where there are active snails, some of them may climb on the car and later go wherever the car happens to go.
Here is a piece of evidence that this indeed happens. These pictures of a snail was taken by my friend Selim Dorak on his car in the city of Antalya in southern Turkey. The car was in the parking lot of a store when Selim first saw the snail. He then drove with the snail on the car to his house and thereby demonstrated that dispersal of snails by car, at least over short distances, is possible.
The snail seems to have been a species in the family Hygromiidae. Another possibility is that it was a juvenile Helix, sp. but they usually don't have such pointed spires.
1 comment:
Anonymous said...
Snails are routinely intercepted on shipping containers coming into the United States. They have also been found on used cars and excavators.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Trying to brush up on some geometric and algebraic topology, I got a little confused about the following:
Suppose we have the standard unit sphere $S^2$, but we remove its north and south poles. Is this topological space homeomorphic or homotopic to $S^1 \times \mathbb{R}$? I would think that they are not homotopic since I don't think both spaces are deformation retracts, are they? Now I do know that the stereographic projection is a map from $S^2$ to the plane, but that just involves the removal of either the north or the south pole, correct?
share|improve this question
If you know that $S^2$ minus one pole is homeomorphic to $\mathbb{R}^2$, then $S^2$ minus two poles is homeomorphic to...? – Qiaochu Yuan Mar 31 '12 at 18:04
$S^1 \times \mathbb{R}$ is a cylinder. Put the sphere inside the cylinder (north and south pole on the axis of the cylinder) and project from the center of the sphere minus north and south-pole onto that cylinder using straight lines. – t.b. Mar 31 '12 at 18:06
It makes it a straight line homeomorphism, if such a term exists :) A straight line homotopy is usually understood to be a homotopy $H$ between two functions $f,g: X \to \mathbb{R}^n$ of the form $H(x,t) = (1-t)f(x) + tg(x)$. See here for example. – t.b. Mar 31 '12 at 18:15
If $Y$ is homeomorphic to $X$ it's clearly also homotopy equivalent. Just use the homeomorphism and a constant homotopy. – user20266 Mar 31 '12 at 18:16
Linguistic nitpick: maps are homotopic. Spaces are homotopy equivalent. – Neal Mar 31 '12 at 18:57
1 Answer 1
up vote 4 down vote accepted
The two spaces are homeomorphic. $S^2$ minus one point is identified by stereographic projection with $\mathbb{R}^2$, so $S^2$ minus two points is homeomorphic with say $\mathbb{R}^2 \backslash \{0\}$. Identifying $\mathbb{R}^2$ with $\mathbb{C}$ and $S^1$ with $\mathbb{R}/\mathbb{Z}$, the homeomorphism
$\mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R}/\mathbb{Z}\cong \mathbb{C} \backslash \{0\}$
is given by $(r,\theta)\mapsto e^re^{2\pi i\theta}$.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


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Minimally invasive (laparoscopy) surgery techniques
Most adrenal disease requiring surgery can be done using minimally invasive (laparoscopy) surgery techniques. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is the preferred technique for non-cancerous adrenal disease, including the following:
- Aldosterone-secreting adrenal tumors (Conn's syndrome)
- Cortisol-secreting adrenal tumors (Cushing's syndrome)
- Adrenalin-producing adrenal tumors (Pheochromocytoma)
- Primary adrenal hyperplasia
- Adrenal hyperplasia after failed treatment of Cushing's disease
- Large nonfunctioning adrenal tumors (<10-12cm)
- Adrenal metastasis
The operation is performed using small skin incisions and a camera called a laparoscope.
Patients are usually place on their left or right side depending on which gland is been removed. Three to five small incisions (cut) are typically made under the rib cage. Operative ports called trocars are placed. Using these ports, a camera and surgical instruments are placed into the abdomen.
The camera projects the inside of the patient's abdomen onto a television monitor. The surgeon performs the operation while looking at a television monitor. Once the adrenal gland is freed, it is placed in a bag and removed through one of the very small skin incisions.
Laparoscopic adrenal surgery has become the standard of care for most diseases of the adrenal gland. Compared to open adrenal surgery, laparoscopic adrenal surgery has several benefits, including:
- Less pain after surgery
- Less pain medication
- Smaller scars
- Less wound complications (wound infection, abscess)
- Faster return of bowel function
- Shorter hospital stay (1-2 days versus 5-7 days)
- More rapid recovery (2 weeks versus 4-8 weeks)
- Earlier return to work and other activities
- Less overall complications.


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The Acoustic Search
In the field
ARU mounted on a tree (left) with its battery (right). Photo by Chris Tessaglia-Hymes
To search for acoustic evidence for Ivory-billed Woodpeckers in Arkansas and other states within the historical range, we record ambient sounds using autonomous recording units (ARUs). ARUs are programmable, battery-operated digital audio recorders developed by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology's Bioacoustics Research Program. Each ARU contains a microprocessor, 12-bit analog-to-digital converter, an omnidirectional microphone, preamplifier and signal conditioning circuitry, and a hard disk for storing audio data. These components are packaged in a cylindrical PVC housing, and attached to tree trunks two to three meters above the ground or water surface. ARUs are typically deployed for periods of two to four weeks.
ARU in Arkansas. Photo by Chris Tessaglia-Hymes
ARUs are programmed to record for two four-hour periods each day, the first beginning 30 to 45 minutes before sunrise, the second ending 30 to 45 minutes after sunset. The range at which an ARU could detect sounds of an Ivory-billed Woodpecker is unknown, because there are no data available on the volume of kent calls or double knocks. We estimate, however, that these signals would be detectable by ARUs up to distances of approximately 200 meters.
We select recording sites based on habitat quality, locations of previous Ivory-billed Woodpecker sighting reports, and presence of possible ivory-bill roost/nest cavities and feeding signs.
Reviewing and analyzing the sounds
Since the start of large-scale acoustic search efforts in 2004, our protocols for reviewing and evaluating ARU recordings have evolved in order to provide more consistent and informative evaluations of ivory-bill-like sounds. Our current protocol is summarized here.
To find sounds similar to those of Ivory-billed Woodpeckers in the ARU recordings, we use a multi-step process:
1. Automated screening by computer: The digital recordings are scanned by software that detects sounds similar to known vocalizations of Ivory-billed Woodpeckers (from the 1935 Allen-Kellogg recording), and to double-knocks from other Campephilus woodpeckers.
2. Initial human screening: An acoustic analyst reviews all of the computer's detections. Most of the sounds flagged by the computer are easily discarded at this stage as not being similar enough to ivory-bill sounds to warrant further attention. The computer flags many "false alarm" events because we adjust the software to be very sensitive, reducing the chance that a real ivory-bill call might be missed. Sounds that pass this stage are forwarded to the next stage of review.
3. Expert panel review: A panel of three or more experts (outside of the acoustic analysis team) reviews all of the sounds that pass stage two. The expert panel categorizes each sound as "implausible" or "plausible." "Plausible" events are further categorized depending on whether a potential alternate source is identified, and if that alternate source is positively identified elsewhere on the deployment. Sounds categorized as "implausible" are either positively identified as an alternate source, or are deemed to be too different than an ivory-bill.
Plausible categories are:
- P1: Plausible Ivory-billed Woodpecker, no likely alternative known
- P2: Plausible Ivory-billed Woodpecker, alternate possibility identified but not present in recording
- P3: Plausible Ivory-billed Woodpecker, alternate possibility identified and present
- P4: Insufficient signal for full analysis
"Plausible" sounds are scored on various criteria, receiving a point for each positive response to one of several questions. A higher score indicates a greater likelihood that the sound originated from an Ivory-billed Woodpecker.
Scoring criteria for vocalizations:
1. Is the harmonic interval between 580 and 780 Hz?
2. Is harmonic emphasis appropriate?
3. Is the event part of a biologically appropriate series?
4. Is there a temporal context or co-occurrence with other events of interest on the same day?
5. Is there a clear temporal context or co-occurrence with other events of interest across days?
Scoring criteria for double-knocks:
1. Is the inter-knock interval between 60 and 120 milliseconds?
2. Is sound resonant and woody?
3. Is there an absence of confounding woodpeckers?
4. Is the event part of a biologically appropriate series?
5. Is there a clear temporal context or co-occurrence with other events of interest on the same day?
6. Is there a clear temporal context or co-occurrence with other events of interest across days?
At every stage of the review process, researchers compared suspect sounds not only with those of ivory-bills and other Campephilus woodpeckers, but also with a variety of similar sounds from other species, and carefully considered the surrounding context.
What have we discovered so far?
Here we present some examples of "plausible" sounds collected in the Big Woods of Arkansas. Note: this website is not intended to be a complete and final analysis of our acoustic monitoring and research. Rather, we aim to provide a sampling of sounds that we believe are suggestive of ivory-bill and a number of "sound-alikes" that we hope will help inform other searchers about what to listen for. We are presently working on peer reviewed publication that will explain our findings in detail.


text:
Did you know the origin of Megan's Law?
In July of 1994, Jesse Timmendequas, a convicted sex offender, raped, beat and
strangled Megan Nicole Kanka. This sex offender lived across the street from
the Kanka family, however the family was never aware of this.
Since Megan's death, the Kanka family has fought to get laws approved that requires
each state make public information about sex offenders. Most states do this
through an online sex offender registry website. In addition, each sex offender,
by law, must be compliant to re-register each time they move or annually. The
Kanka family created a foundation in behalf of their daughter and received some
430,000 signatures to create these new proposed laws called 'Megan's Law.'
In 1996 President Bill Clinton signed legislation requiring states to
notify communities when a sex offender moves into the area. In signing
the law Clinton noted the rights of former offenders, but said "there
is no greater right than a parent's right to raise a child in safety
and love." Since this time, each state in the nation has developed and
maintained an online registry of all the registered sex offenders. In
addition, laws have been cracking down on such things that lead to sex
crimes, such as child pornography, sexual assaults on children under
the age of 16, and sexually lewd acts.
Megan's Law allows the States discretion to establish criteria for disclosure,
but compels them to make private and personal information on registered
sex offenders available to the public. Community notification: 1. Assists
law enforcement in investigations; 2. Establishes legal grounds to hold
known sex offenders; 3. Deters sex offenders from committing new sex
offenses; 4. Offers citizens information they can use to protect children
from Registered Sex Offenders, child molesters and victimization.
Nicole Kanka Foundation


has been rejected.
isResolved(){Boolean}inherited
isResolved() may be used to verify if creating an instance of the class is resolved. If it is resolved, true will be returned.
Returns
Type Description
Boolean Indicates whether creating an instance of the class has been resolved.
load(signal){Promise}inherited
Loads the resources referenced by this class. This method automatically executes for a View and all of the resources it references in Map if the view is constructed with a map instance.
This method must be called by the developer when accessing a resource that will not be loaded in a View.
The load() method only triggers the loading of the resource the first time it is called. The subsequent calls return the same promise.
It's possible to provide a signal to stop being interested into a Loadable instance load status. When the signal is aborted, the instance does not stop its loading process, only cancelLoad can abort it.
Parameter
signal AbortSignal
optional
Signal object that can be used to abort the asynchronous task. The returned promise will be rejected with an Error named AbortError when an abort is signaled. See also AbortController for more information on how to construct a controller that can be used to deliver abort signals.
Returns
Type Description
Promise Resolves when the resources have loaded.
on(type, listener){Object}inherited
Registers an event handler on the instance. Call this method to hook an event with a listener.
Parameters
An event or an array of events to listen for.
listener Function
The function to call when the event fires.
Returns
Type Description
Object Returns an event handler with a remove() method that should be called to stop listening for the event(s).
Property Type Description
remove Function When called, removes the listener from the event.
Example
view.on("click", function(event){
 // event is the event handle returned after the event fires.
 console.log(event.mapPoint);
});
removeHandles(groupKey)inherited
Since: ArcGIS API for JavaScript 4.25
Removes a group of handles owned by the object.
Parameter
groupKey *
optional
A group key or an array or collection of group keys to remove.
Example
obj.removeHandles(); // removes handles from default group
obj.removeHandles("handle-group");
obj.removeHandles("other-handle-group");
when(callback, errback){Promise}inherited
when() may be leveraged once an instance of the class is created. This method takes two input parameters: a callback function and an errback function. The callback executes when the instance of the class loads. The errback executes if the instance of the class fails to load.
Parameters
callback Function
optional
The function to call when the promise resolves.
errback Function
optional
The function to execute when the promise fails.
Returns
Type Description
Promise Returns a new promise for the result of callback that may be used to chain additional functions.
Example
// Although this example uses MapView, any class instance that is a promise may use when() in the same way
let view = new MapView();
view.when(function(){
 // This function will execute once the promise is resolved
}, function(error){
 // This function will execute if the promise is rejected due to an error
});
Event Overview
Show inherited events Hide inherited events
Name Type Summary Class
{view: View,layerView: LayerView}
Fires after the layer's LayerView is created and rendered in a view.
more details
Layer
{view: View,error: Error}
Fires when an error emits during the creation of a LayerView after a layer has been added to the map.
more details
Layer
{view: View,layerView: LayerView}
Fires after the layer's LayerView is destroyed and no longer renders in a view.
more details
Layer
Event Details
layerview-createinherited
Fires after the layer's LayerView is created and rendered in a view.
Properties
view View
The view in which the layerView was created.
layerView LayerView
The LayerView rendered in the view representing the layer in layer.
See also
Example
// This function will fire each time a layer view is created for this
// particular view.
layer.on("layerview-create", function(event){
 // The LayerView for the layer that emitted this event
 event.layerView;
});
layerview-create-errorinherited
Fires when an error emits during the creation of a LayerView after a layer has been added to the map.
Properties
view View
The view that failed to create a layerview for the layer emitting this event.
error Error
An error object describing why the layer view failed to create.
See also
Example
// This function fires when an error occurs during the creation of the layer's layerview
layer.on("layerview-create-error", function(event) {
 console.error("LayerView failed to create for layer with the id: ", layer.id, " in this view: ", event.view);
});
layerview-destroyinherited
Fires after the layer's LayerView is destroyed and no longer renders in a view.
Properties
view View
The view in which the layerView was destroyed.
layerView LayerView
The destroyed LayerView representing the layer.
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text:
A few days ago, I wrote a post about why the word barrel is abbreviated bbl. I thought I had done my homework. I had checked my sources and it seemed like my post was reliably sourced (going back as early as 1904) when I had attributed the abbreviation bbl to the use of blue colored barrels in the Pennsylvania oil industry in the 1860s.
Thankfully, an anonymous reader wrote in with a tip saying that bbl was in use long before the Pennsylvania oil industry. Sure enough, I did a little poking around on the internet and found some old cargo manifests from the early days of sail. I found one as early as 1764 that use the bbl abbreviation and it was certainly in use even before this.
(Manifest of the brig Sally, dated September 11, 1764 - note the bbl abbreviation)
So where did bbl come from? I contacted three reference librarians across the country, and after doing their research, all three came back with the "blue barrel" answer. When after I explained my earlier cargo manifest finds, one librarian from New York still put up a defense saying that "blue barrel" was well researched and had a long history of documented evidence.
One site I found took a couple of good guesses stating that the "b" may have been doubled originally to indicate the plural (1 bl, 2 bbl), or possibly it was doubled to eliminate any confusion with bl as a symbol for the bale. Of course these are just guesses.
I'll keep looking for a satisfactory answer and I'll let you know if I find anything. Of course if there's someone else with more information, feel free to post in the comments.


Man Pages
ip-l2tp(8) - phpMan ip-l2tp(8) - phpMan
Command: man perldoc info search(apropos)
IP-L2TP(8) Linux IP-L2TP(8)
NAME
 ip-l2tp - L2TPv3 static unmanaged tunnel configuration
SYNOPSIS
 ip [ OPTIONS ] l2tp { COMMAND | help }
 ip l2tp add tunnel
 remote [ ADDR ] local [ ADDR ]
 tunnel_id ID peer_tunnel_id ID
 [ encap { ip | udp } ]
 [ udp_sport PORT ] [ udp_dport PORT ]
 ip l2tp add session [ name NAME ]
 tunnel_id ID session_id ID peer_session_id ID
 [ cookie HEXSTR ] [ peer_cookie HEXSTR ]
 [ offset OFFSET ] [ peer_offset OFFSET ]
 ip l2tp del tunnel tunnel_id ID
 ip l2tp del session tunnel_id ID session_id ID
 ip l2tp show tunnel [ tunnel_id ID ]
 ip l2tp show session [ tunnel_id ID ] [ session_id ID ]
 NAME := STRING
 ADDR := { IP_ADDRESS }
 PORT := { NUMBER }
 ID := { NUMBER }
 HEXSTR := { 8 or 16 hex digits (4 / 8 bytes) }
DESCRIPTION
 The ip l2tp commands are used to establish static, or so-called unmanaged L2TPv3 ethernet tunnels. For unman-
 aged tunnels, there is no L2TP control protocol so no userspace daemon is required - tunnels are manually cre-
 ated by issuing commands at a local system and at a remote peer.
 L2TPv3 is suitable for Layer-2 tunnelling. Static tunnels are useful to establish network links across IP net-
 works when the tunnels are fixed. L2TPv3 tunnels can carry data of more than one session. Each session is iden-
 tified by a session_id and its parent tunnel's tunnel_id. A tunnel must be created before a session can be cre-
 ated in the tunnel.
 When creating an L2TP tunnel, the IP address of the remote peer is specified, which can be either an IPv4 or
 IPv6 address. The local IP address to be used to reach the peer must also be specified. This is the address on
 which the local system will listen for and accept received L2TP data packets from the peer.
 L2TPv3 defines two packet encapsulation formats: UDP or IP. UDP encapsulation is most common. IP encapsulation
 uses a dedicated IP protocol value to carry L2TP data without the overhead of UDP. Use IP encapsulation only
 when there are no NAT devices or firewalls in the network path.
 When an L2TPv3 ethernet session is created, a virtual network interface is created for the session, which must
 then be configured and brought up, just like any other network interface. When data is passed through the
 interface, it is carried over the L2TP tunnel to the peer. By configuring the system's routing tables or adding
 the interface to a bridge, the L2TP interface is like a virtual wire (pseudowire) connected to the peer.
 Establishing an unmanaged L2TPv3 ethernet pseudowire involves manually creating L2TP contexts on the local sys-
 tem and at the peer. Parameters used at each site must correspond or no data will be passed. No consistency
 checks are possible since there is no control protocol used to establish unmanaged L2TP tunnels. Once the vir-
 tual network interface of a given L2TP session is configured and enabled, data can be transmitted, even if the
 peer isn't yet configured. If the peer isn't configured, the L2TP data packets will be discarded by the peer.
 To establish an unmanaged L2TP tunnel, use l2tp add tunnel and l2tp add session commands described in this doc-
 ument. Then configure and enable the tunnel's virtual network interface, as required.
 Note that unmanaged tunnels carry only ethernet frames. If you need to carry PPP traffic (L2TPv2) or your peer
 doesn't support unmanaged L2TPv3 tunnels, you will need an L2TP server which implements the L2TP control proto-
 col. The L2TP control protocol allows dynamic L2TP tunnels and sessions to be established and provides for
 detecting and acting upon network failures.
 ip l2tp add tunnel - add a new tunnel
 name NAME
 sets the session network interface name. Default is l2tpethN.
 tunnel_id ID
 set the tunnel id, which is a 32-bit integer value. Uniquely identifies the tunnel. The value used must
 match the peer_tunnel_id value being used at the peer.
 peer_tunnel_id ID
 set the peer tunnel id, which is a 32-bit integer value assigned to the tunnel by the peer. The value
 used must match the tunnel_id value being used at the peer.
 remote ADDR
 set the IP address of the remote peer. May be specified as an IPv4 address or an IPv6 address.
 local ADDR
 set the IP address of the local interface to be used for the tunnel. This address must be the address of
 a local interface. May be specified as an IPv4 address or an IPv6 address.
 encap ENCAP
 set the encapsulation type of the tunnel.
 Valid values for encapsulation are: udp, ip.
 udp_sport PORT
 set the UDP source port to be used for the tunnel. Must be present when udp encapsulation is selected.
 Ignored when ip encapsulation is selected.
 udp_dport PORT
 set the UDP destination port to be used for the tunnel. Must be present when udp encapsulation is
 selected. Ignored when ip encapsulation is selected.
 ip l2tp del tunnel - destroy a tunnel
 tunnel_id ID
 set the tunnel id of the tunnel to be deleted. All sessions within the tunnel must be deleted first.
 ip l2tp show tunnel - show information about tunnels
 tunnel_id ID
 set the tunnel id of the tunnel to be shown. If not specified, information about all tunnels is printed.
 ip l2tp add session - add a new session to a tunnel
 name NAME
 sets the session network interface name. Default is l2tpethN.
 tunnel_id ID
 set the tunnel id, which is a 32-bit integer value. Uniquely identifies the tunnel into which the ses-
 sion will be created. The tunnel must already exist.
 session_id ID
 set the session id, which is a 32-bit integer value. Uniquely identifies the session being created. The
 value used must match the peer_session_id value being used at the peer.
 peer_session_id ID
 set the peer session id, which is a 32-bit integer value assigned to the session by the peer. The value
 used must match the session_id value being used at the peer.
 cookie HEXSTR
 sets an optional cookie value to be assigned to the session. This is a 4 or 8 byte value, specified as 8
 or 16 hex digits, e.g. 014d3636deadbeef. The value must match the peer_cookie value set at the peer. The
 cookie value is carried in L2TP data packets and is checked for expected value at the peer. Default is
 to use no cookie.
 peer_cookie HEXSTR
 sets an optional peer cookie value to be assigned to the session. This is a 4 or 8 byte value, specified
 as 8 or 16 hex digits, e.g. 014d3636deadbeef. The value must match the cookie value set at the peer. It
 tells the local system what cookie value to expect to find in received L2TP packets. Default is to use
 no cookie.
 offset OFFSET
 sets the byte offset from the L2TP header where user data starts in transmitted L2TP data packets. This
 is hardly ever used. If set, the value must match the peer_offset value used at the peer. Default is 0.
 peer_offset OFFSET
 sets the byte offset from the L2TP header where user data starts in received L2TP data packets. This is
 hardly ever used. If set, the value must match the offset value used at the peer. Default is 0.
 ip l2tp del session - destroy a session
 tunnel_id ID
 set the tunnel id in which the session to be deleted is located.
 session_id ID
 set the session id of the session to be deleted.
 ip l2tp show session - show information about sessions
 tunnel_id ID
 set the tunnel id of the session(s) to be shown. If not specified, information about sessions in all
 tunnels is printed.
 session_id ID
 set the session id of the session to be shown. If not specified, information about all sessions is
 printed.
EXAMPLES
 Setup L2TP tunnels and sessions
 site-A:# ip l2tp add tunnel tunnel_id 3000 peer_tunnel_id 4000 \
 encap udp local 1.2.3.4 remote 5.6.7.8 \
 udp_sport 5000 udp_dport 6000
 site-A:# ip l2tp add session tunnel_id 3000 session_id 1000 \
 peer_session_id 2000
 site-B:# ip l2tp add tunnel tunnel_id 4000 peer_tunnel_id 3000 \
 encap udp local 5.6.7.


text:
Function Generator is a small app that simulates a device used in electronic lab to generate sine or square wave.
It offers numerous usage possibilities like testing the audio of your phone, annoying your friends, parents or teachers,
trying to play "Mary had a little lamb", scaring sharks off or drawing their attention (we haven't yet established which works better) ;).
* frequency range 100 Hz - 10 kHz
* generates sine or banlimited square wave
* gain/volume setting
Keywords: laboratory | equipment | sound | generator | sine | square | wave | scaring sharks | scaring dogs | scaring other animals | annoying | fun
Tags: signal generator, sound card generate sine wave, generate audio square wave code, funcgen, how to generate squarewave, generating a square wave, laboratory audio cards, funcgen signal generator, versuche mit signalgenerator


text:
Hybrid tunnel solar dryer for coffee processing in Colombia
Eduardo Duque Dussán, PhD student at the Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, presented his study on developing a new hybrid system to dry coffee beans.
Colombia's coffee production is the third highest in the world, with an average of 11.5 million bags a year. A critical step for producing a high-quality and safe product is the drying process, which traditionally consists of exposing the trays containing the coffee beans to the sun and letting it do the job. This method is sustainable and easily applied, but the weather conditions lead to challenges. Indeed, during the rainy season, due to the reduced sun hours, the drying can critically extend up to more than 14 days. This can negatively affect the quality of the products all the way to spoilage, leading to important products and therefore profit losses.
The goal of Eduardo's research is to develop a hybrid solar drying unit as a response to this issue, which would decrease the drying time, function 24/7, regardless of the weather conditions, and finally increase profits. A very interesting point is also the alternative heat source that has been tested during the experiments. After the harvesting of the coffee beans, millions of tons of trunks are left on the field and have to be disposed of to prepare the field for the following crop. This hybrid solar drying unit is designed to use those trunks as heat sources, which would represent a great step towards a circular economy.
The results from Eduardo's research show that this hybrid unit can indeed decrease the drying time up to 70.47% with constant mechanical aid, and 47.75% when only used during the night. This evidence is very promising, and the production of these units on a large scale units can represent a viable solution for sustainable but still more efficient coffee production not only in Colombia but in all producing countries.
Duque-Dussán, Eduardo and Sanz-Uribe, Juan and Banout, Jan, Design and Evaluation of a Hybrid Solar Dryer for Postharvest Processing of Parchment Coffee. Available at SSRN: _URL_ or _URL_


text:
Jane Atkin Jewellery
Jane Atkin is a jeweller and sculptor, some pieces are sculpture in their own right but some are obviously jewellery and as a self taught jeweller comes the freedom to experiment. Jane hand carves using the direct carving method which dictates the final form having them cast using the lost wax process. The materials she uses are a mixture of gold and silver, semiprecious stones and Jet, the Jet used is found by her on the Yorkshire coast beaches. Each piece is unique and her designs are modern and often bold, influenced by good design and brutalist architecture.
Artist Demonstrations at the Saltaire Makers Fair, 27 – 29 May 2023:
Discover the traditional lost wax casting technique of jewellery making and explore the tools Jane uses to carve into wax.


text:
April 29, 2012 by Andrew
If you have been looking for scrimshaw patterns, we will be hosting several of them at scrimshaw.com. It can be especially daunting for the beginner to find a pattern or template to scrimshaw, and a great place to start is the iconic lighthouse.
The lighthouse is an historic part of the maritime landscape from as far back as 260 B.C. with the lighthouse of Alexandria. Warning sailors of rocky shores, guiding them through fog as well as a beacon of civilization, lighthouses served the maritime community throughout history. Most modern lighthouses operate automatically. Some lighthouses are also run as bed and breakfasts or vacation houses (see _URL_ The only time a lighthouse can be less than romantic is when the fog rolls in, and the foghorn starts to blow. Those who used to run lighthouses say they would get used to it, talking in between the soundings, and even sleeping through a foggy night!
There is a non-profit organization, the Beacon Preservation, Inc. which is dedicated to the preservation of lighthouses and their environments for educational, cultural, recreational, and historical preservation purposes. Their mission is to ensure that communities, civic organizations, and educational and research institutions are able to enjoy access to these important icons of nautical history. You can find out more about them at _URL_
The lighthouse pictured is in New Haven, CT – Lighthouse Point Beach – January, 2007(photo credit: Chris Amelung -
_URL_ CC Creative Commons Attribution License. Chris' site is
Clicking on the Lighthouse-Template will bring up a pdf which you can download and print out. There will be several sizes of the traced template varying from 1/4″ high to a 2″x3″ with the background. You can use these templates on anything from piano key ivory (often used as bookmarks) to lightswitch plates or other materials.
Cut out the size that fits your material and secure it in place with tape.
Using a sharp tool, you can pierce the paper and make a dot on your ivory, making dots every 16th of an inch or so, creating a "dot-to-dot" (kids will sometimes use the school's compasses – the type used to make circles, not to find true north) to do this.
Once you have gotten most of the template pierced, remove the paper.
You can see the dots easier if you fill them in by wiping oil paint across the surface then wiping it away, this will leave the paint in the impressions you created.
From here, you can continue putting stippled dots between the dots already there, or scribe from dot-to-dot to get the initial picture. Fill in a small area with dots or scribed lines, then coat and wipe the area with oil paint (or India ink). Using the large original picture as a guide you can then create the shadows, or get creative and add a different shoreline, add a ship in the harbor, or anything else you desire.
Here's a link to another picture of the lighthouse from Tony Fischer Photography
Write to us at "_EMAIL_" and let us know what you are looking for, we'll be glad to get you started.
Last updated byat.
Category How-To | Tags:


TitleOn the taxonomic status of Eurylepis poonaensis (Squamata: Scincidae): resolving a long-standing conundrum
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2017
AuthorsDatta-Roy A, Deepak V., Chaitanya R, Murthy C, Bhosale H, Lajmi A, K. Karanth P, Kunte K, Giri V
Date Published08/2017
The scincid genus Eurylepis was split off from the cosmopolitan genus Eumeces sensu lato, with Eurylepis taeniolatus
being the type species, which is taxonomically poorly understood. The other nominate species in this genus is
Eurylepis poonaensis, which was known only from its type locality and original description, and is the only known member
of the subfamily Scincinae from near the Western Ghats. However, earlier studies raised doubts about its specific validity,
often without examining type or other specimens. We collected fresh samples of this species from the type locality
and nearby areas. Based on the examination of the holotype and the new material, we provide a detailed redescription of
E. poonaensis, additional data on its skeletal structure, habitat, and natural history. We also provide a detailed redescription
of E. taeniolatus based on the holotype to avoid further taxonomic ambiguity.