Recalling the Lucas Plan: what can an old movement for socially useful production tell us about democratising technology today?
SPRU Wednesday Seminar 5th February 2014, room G22, Jubilee Building, University of Sussex
Speaker: Adrian Smith; Discussant: Johan Schot
It is thirty-eight years since a movement for 'socially useful production' pioneered practical approaches for more democratic technology development. Of course, the world is different now. Nevertheless, remembering older initiatives casts enduring issues about the direction of technological development in society in a different and informative light: an issue relevant today in debates as varied as industrial policy, green and solidarity economies, and grassroots digital fabrication. It was in January 1976 that workers at Lucas Aerospace published an Alternative Plan for the future of their corporation. Archive film is available here:
The plan was a novel response to management announcements that thousands of manufacturing jobs were to be cut in the face of industrial restructuring, international competition, and technological change. Instead of redundancy, workers argued their right to socially useful production. Rejected by management and government, the Plan's arguments attracted workers from other sectors, community activists, radical scientists, environmentalists, and the Left. The Plan became symbolic for a movement of activists committed to innovation for purposes of social use over private profit. With hindsight, the movement was swimming against the political and economic tide, but at the time things looked less clear-cut, and some of their ideas did prove influential. Recalling the movement now, what is striking is the importance activists attached to practical engagements in technology development as part of their politics. We will discuss the relevance today of old questions connecting tacit knowledge and participatory prototyping to the political economy of technology development.


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Given two numbers $M$ and $N$, Let $q_i$ be the integer part of $\frac{iN}{M}$. What is $$ \sum_{i=0}^{M-1} q_i? $$ The Sum is obviously can be calculated in $O(M)$. Can this be done in less time, maybe $O(1)$ if there exists some simpler reduced expression?
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Why is it $O(M)$? If $N=M$, the sum is $M(M-1)/2$, which is $O(M^2)$. – user1551 Mar 9 '13 at 8:23
Is there any special relationship between M and N? For example, if M and N are coprime, I believe the calculation could be done in O(1) time. – Mike Mar 9 '13 at 8:36
I edited... It was sum to calculated in O(M) – Shashwat Kumar Mar 9 '13 at 8:37
I got the solution. It is O(log n*log m). sum = (NM - N - M + gcd(N, M))/2) – Shashwat Kumar Mar 9 '13 at 8:38
_USER_ If you have an answer, write it down. wait for comment for a while and then accept it yourself. – achille hui Mar 9 '13 at 8:51
1 Answer 1
Assuming M and N are integers, I believe your formula can be rewritten as
$$\sum\limits_{i=0}^{M-1}\frac{iN}M-\frac1M\sum\limits_{i=0}^{M-1}iN \mod M.$$
The first sum is an arithmetic sum. There is a formula for arithmetic sums that can be done in O(1) time. The second summation is the sum of remainders from the division. If $N$ and $M$ are coprime, no 2 of these remainders are the same, reducing the sum to $\sum\limits_{i=0}^{M-1}i$, which is another arithmetic sum.
I'm sure the formula can be adjusted in the case where $M$ and $N$ are not coprime. Maybe someone else can fill in the blanks while I'm getting some sleep, assuming you're interested. My guess is if you know nothing about M and N, your computation time will stem from performing the Euclidean algorithm to obtain a gcd, which I believe should be less than linear time.
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text:
The most common reasons for school administrators to avoid lead in water testing is the fear of the unknown.
The 2 most commonly sited reasons are:
- Fear that Lead is discovered
- Fear of high costs of remediation
These fears are legitimate and understandable. Many schools face limited budgets and need to be wise and make due with the funding that is available to them.
However, when you compare these 2 reasons with the downsides of NOT testing, they seem quite trivial.
These downsides include:
- Lead is having mental and physical impacts on your student's health
- Refusing to test opens yourself up to a tarnished reputation within the community
- Lead in drinking water is a hot button topic in the media and is heavily reported in the media.
School administrators are FAR better off testing for lead, identifying any problems and fixing them. In this scenario, even if lead is discovered and remediated the school is deemed a hero by parents, faculty, the community and the media.
By ignoring the need to test, school administrators put themselves in an unnecessarily difficult situation.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Williams v. California
A lawsuit that established safety and materials requirements for California schools.
On August 13, 2004, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger announced the
settlement of Williams v. California, a lawsuit filed on behalf of
thousands of California's public school students who were denied equal
educational opportunity. Williams Legislation established new standards
and accountability mechanisms to ensure that all California public
school students have textbooks and instructional materials and that
their schools are clean, safe, and functional. It also took steps
toward assuring all students have qualified teachers. A team of
researchers, affiliated with UCLA's IDEA, investigated the statewide
impact of Williams Legislation on California's lowest performing
schools. Using a mixed methodological approach, the study documents the
progress made during the first two years of Williams implementation:
2004-05 and 2005-06. Data for this investigation were provided through
surveys, County Office of Education Annual Reports, School
Accountability Report Cards, and interviews. Teacher misassignment and
English learner monitoring data were made available through the
California Commission on Teacher Credentialing. The qualitative
case-study design involved site visits to twelve decile 1-3 schools
throughout the state (Southern, Central, and Northern California)
during the fall of 2006.
Williams v. California: The Statewide Impact of Two Years of Implementation—the report drawn from this study—provides a comprehensive discussion of these quantitative and qualitative analyses. The report investigates the impact of the Williams Settlement Legislation on decile 1-3 schools by seeking answers to the following questions:
- Since the enactment of the Williams Legislation, has access to textbooks and instructional materials increased for public school students in California?
- Since the enactment of the Williams Legislation, has access to clean, safe, and functional schools increased for public school students in California?
- Since the enactment of the Williams Legislation, has access to appropriately certificated and assigned teachers increased for public school students in California?
The report can be accessed at _URL_

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Silenced more than 175 years ago, the newspaper office at Georgia's New Echota Historic Site rumbled to life last month thanks to the efforts of two Southwestern Community College instructors.
Heritage Arts department chair Jeff Marley, an enrolled member of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, teamed up with printmaking instructor Frank Brannon to print off roughly 60 copies of a poem written by Marley and translated into Cherokee syllabary by Tom Belt – a native speaker of the language. Belt is also a language instructor in the Cherokee Studies Program at WCU.
Officially recognized as starting point for the tragic "Trail of Tears" in 1838, New Echota was briefly home to the Cherokee National Legislature as well as the newspaper office. Syllabary type had not been used there since the Georgia Guard seized the original press in 1835.
"The gravity and impact of the moment didn't really set in until several days later," Marley said. "We did it, and when we were through, it was like: 'Are we really done?' It was such a big thing that the importance of it took a while to sink in."
Photographs Marley and Brannon took on their visit to New Echota are on display in the Balsam Center lobby on SCC's Jackson Campus through the end of November, which is National Native American Heritage Month.
The poem Marley wrote for the occasion is entitled, "New Echota" and describes the enduring legacy of the Cherokee language.
Brannon has been working to get the syllabary recast as metal type since 2010.
"My whole reason for writing the poem was to honor those people who were there before the removal," Marley said. "I wanted to recognize that the culture and the language are gifts from our ancestors from the Creator. We need to protect that and make sure future generations have that.
"The act of printing at New Echota was very much like a ceremony or a ritual. So being able to do that over and over again was in a way like repetitively saying that poem to honor those people."

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Throughout the day, students gain critical information from informal interactions both inside and outside of the classroom. These interactions rely on spoken language to which deaf students do not have access. These informal interactions result in what researchers call "incidental learning." We will discuss a study comparing incidental learning for deaf students compared to their hearing peers, identify the barriers they face to incidental learning, and the strategies to overcome those barriers.
Mindy Hopper, Ph.D.
Faculty, Department of Liberal Studies
National Technical Institute for the Deaf at Rochester Institute of Technology
Biography: Dr. Mindy J. Hopper is now entering her 35th year of teaching. She earned her Masters in Education at the Illinois State University and Doctor of Philosophy in Education at the University of Rochester. Dr. Hopper's pedagogy is based on access to language and students' motivation to participate in a community of scaffolding events. A professor at Rochester Institute of Technology, she asserts that Deaf students have been positioned as relegated bystanders due to spoken language privileges and embedded institutional ideologies. Professor Hopper reminds her colleagues that incidental learning, in addition to formal and informal learning, is a vast and critical component of daily learning. Finally, she argues that schools are accountable for ensuring that their environments be conducive to deaf students' access to incidental learning opportunities.
Denise Kavin, Ed.D.
DeafTEC at RIT/NTID
Biography: Denise Kavin is a Co-PI for DeafTEC at Rochester Institute of Technology's National Technical Institute for the Deaf. DeafTEC is a National Center of Excellence funded by the National Science Foundation. In addition, Denise has been teaching at RIT/NTID for over seven years. As an instructional faculty member in the NTID Department of Liberal Studies, Denise teaches a variety of developmental English courses to deaf students in associate-level programs. Finally, she serves as the Special Assistant to the President of NTID for Strategic Decisions 2020.
Both speakers are deaf, and Dr. Hopper conducted her dissertation on incidental learning. The term "incidental learning" is widely used by Deaf Academics. Their deaf epistemologies inform and elicit a common concern. There is a growing trend among deaf students attending schools with hearing peers, and it is typical to find only one deaf student in a class, often isolated even when receiving access services such as sign language interpreting and notetaking. Research has indicated that deaf adults or college students do not realize how much learning through incidental learning they have missed until later in life, often after completing school, including college.
The key is access to incidental information. The research question for the dissertation was posed as "What do deaf students say about the informal interactions that happen at their schools?" This phenomenological study involved middle-school-aged deaf students who attended school with their hearing peers. This qualitative inquiry interpretive study involved a triangulation of seven data sources. Utilizing a constructivist grounded theory analytical approach enabled a discovery of pertinent themes, relationships, and a theory.
Poignant pieces of data from each theme will be shared. The findings asserted that the deaf students have been positioned as relegated bystanders, thus limiting their access to incidental learning and scaffolding opportunities. Moreover, the deaf students in the study argued that they did not have equal access and prefer to have immediate access in order to have a sense of membership with their hearing friends when they convene and engage in discourses. The overall and main theme was that the deaf students have been savvy navigators. It was confirmed that the deaf students transcended the covert challenges through their patterns of resilience and navigation. The Access-Participation Theory explains how the deaf students were positioned as relegated bystanders. The theory calls for a simple principle: The more increased and immediate access one has to incidental information, the more choices that person has for participation. Deaf students have been excluded from participating and learning from informal interactions, crucial dimensions of school learning–the informal curriculum.
It is often that schools overlook the benefits of informal curricula, and it is proven that school environments are often not conducive for deaf students' access to incidental learning opportunities. Because deaf students are denied access to the wealth of incidental information and scaffolding opportunities because the spoken language is privileged and not accessible, are our educational systems accountable for this dilemma?
Because implications of accessing incidental learning opportunities will be highlighted, some strategies or ideas will be suggested for educators, vocational rehabilitation, mental health providers, and school personnel to consider and attempt in order to support deaf students' access to such emergent surrounding interactions.
o Participants will learn and identify the difference between formal, informal, and incidental learning.
o Participants will learn how incidental learning is defined.
o Participants will be able to identify the barriers to incidental learning for Deaf/HH individuals
o Participants will learn about strategies to open up incidental learning opportunities for individuals who are Deaf/HH
People who work with individuals with disabilities, individuals with limited English proficiency, and deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals would benefit from this presentation. It is not enough to simply provide access services (e.g., sign language interpreting, real-time captioning, and/or notetaking) in formal settings (e.g., the classroom) to ensure that members of the above identified groups have access to the material that is being shared. Much information is obtained through incidental learning–informal conversations that take place outside of the classroom or other formal settings.


text:
Essay Topic 1
Chapter 1, "The Library," establishes that young Mr. Vane, an orphan and recent Oxford graduate, has an interest in the metaphysical. Discuss the following:
1. Define the term "metaphysical."
2. Discuss what elements of the metaphysical appear in Lilith, e. g.: What elements of Lilith seem outside the five senses? Give examples. What things that happen cannot be proved by normal scientific methods?
3. What challenges are there in reading a novel that is based in metaphysics?
Essay Topic 2
Obviously, much of Lilith is grounded in Judeo-Christian traditions and writings. Discuss one the following:
1. Discuss five images that arise out of the Torah/Old Testament. What does each image mean in the Torah/Old Testament? How is the meaning of the image similar in Lilith as in the Torah/Old Testament? How is the meaning different?
2. Discuss five images that arise out of the Christian text called The New Testament...
This section contains 2,654 words
(approx. 9 pages at 300 words per page)


text:
In the Navajo culture, marriage is very sacred. While the family traditions have shifted with the assimilation and modernization of their tribes and American culture, there is still a significant unique quality about their marriages. For the most part, it's important to understand several of the basic critical traits that their relationships typically held sacred.
Views on Marriage
Marriage for most Navajos was of economic necessity. Because they relied on the basic two-person unit to have a functioning future, it is very critical that their arranged marriages were between multiple parties that were economically sound on both ends. For one, it was incumbent upon the man to handle most of the "heavy lifting" in terms of what a man is supposed to bring to the table. Aside from that, but it was critical that the Navajo man is understanding of what it takes to make things work for the long haul. For this reason, most of the marriages were pre-arranged and done to ensure that the two kin groups being married would be able to sustain their relationship for many decades.
Reasons for Marriage
Navajos always married for practical purposes and to sustain the tribe. Getting married out of pure love and affection honestly secondary for them. In the past, it also wasn't uncommon for Navajos to have multiple wives, but much of that has changed due to more recent legislation and law. But for the most part, most Navajo relationships were one man, one woman.
As far as divorce was concerned, it was a rarity, but it did happen on occasions. But for the most part, the Navajo relationship was, again, to preserve and advance the culture forward. It was very important because this was a communal culture. While the culture was very communal and emphasized togetherness, for the most part, it was all about sticking together in the individual family units. They lived in structures called hogans, which were their typical housing structure. This is where the families lived and spent most of their family time together. This was an important part of their bonding because, for the Navajo, the community was vital to sustaining everything. Aside from that, but it was very common for a lot of these family units that were associated with one another to commonly engage in other sorts of issues. But by just knowing a few of them, most crises could be averted for the long haul and is a testament to the strength of the Navajo tribe.


Set the background color of a Power BI Embedded IFrame
Date de publication : 01 juin, 2018
When the IFrame size that's allocated for an embedded object and the embedded object itself don't share the same aspect ratio, the result is gray margins on the sides (marked in red in the following figure).
Grey Shoulders
You can use the Custom Layout API to define how to fill the IFrame or set a fixed size for the object at any time. But that sometimes doesn't entirely fix the appearance of the gray margins.
You can now set the background color of the IFrame by making it transparent. By doing so, you'll give the IFrame the defined color of the DIV element that contains the IFrame. You have full control of what color/background layout will be seen in the margins, making the embedded object wrapped entirely by the application design.
Note that the default color is still gray, so you'll need to set a definition in the JavaScript code to get the transparency of the IFrame.
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Undergrad nuclear physics; spin parity rules
 1. Sep 19, 2003 #1
 Chapter 3 #17 (Krane) The spin-parity of 9Be and 9B are both 3/2-. Assuming in both cases that the spin and parity are characteristic only of the odd nucleon, show how it is possible to obtain the observed spin-parity of 10B(3+). What other spin-parity combinations could also appear? (These are observed as excited states of 10B.)
 Here's what I think I know. The parity is (-1)l. So for 9Be and 9B, l = 1. It makes sense that these two nuclei have half-integer spin because A = 9 is odd. It makes sense that 10B has integer spin because A = 10 is even. The fact they're telling me to consider the spin and parity is charactersitic of the odd nucleon is supposed to be hinting at something, but I'm not sure what. I realize 9Be has an extra neutron and one less proton than 9B, but I don't know if I'm supposed to be getting any useful information from the fact that the unpaired particle is a proton in one case and a neutron in the other. If anyone can fill in any of these blanks for me, I would appreciate it.
 Aside from this question, and in general, I'm confused about how nucleons pair off and have their spin cancel out with other nucleons. From what I've heard in class so far even numbers of nucleons should just pair off and leave nuclei with either 0 or 1/2 spin. :(
 2. jcsd
 3. Sep 23, 2003 #2
 Tom Mattson
 User Avatar
 Staff Emeritus
 Science Advisor
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 I don't think there's anything to that, since JP for both p and n are both (1/2)+.
 That would be true if only the nucleon spin were taken into account. However, the orbital angular momentum of the odd nucleon is seen from the outside as nuclear spin. So, for instance, if an odd proton is spin-up in the p-shell with ml=1, then the whole nucleus is in a spin-3/2 state.
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Last Updated 03 Aug 2020
Wireless Networks vs Wired Networks
Category Network
Essay type Research
Words 787 (3 pages)
Views 393
The purpose of this paper is to compare wireless networks to wired networks. I will discuss a brief history of wireless networking and wired networking, the pros and cons of a wireless network, and the pros and cons of a wired or hardwired network.
The history of a wired network can be traced all the way back to the 1940's, some interesting facts about wired networking and the people involved in its inception include George Stibitz who was the first person to use a teletype machine to send instructions for a problem set from his Model K at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire to his Complex Number Calculator in New York. The use of the teletype to transmit data between two different places was in essence the very first computer network although it didn't involve a mainframe computer. Linking output systems like teletypes to computers was of interest to the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) who, in 1962, hired J.C.R. Licklider who developed a working group he called the "Intergalactic Network", a precursor to the ARPANet which was the very first true computer network.
In 1964, researchers at Dartmouth developed the Dartmouth Time Sharing System for distributed users of large computer systems. The very same year, at MIT, a research group supported by General Electric and Bell Labs used a computer (DEC's PDP-8) to route and manage telephone connections. In 1968 Paul Baran proposed a network system consisting of datagrams or packets that could be used in a packet switching network between computer systems. In 1969 the University of California at Los Angeles, SRI (in Stanford), University of California at Santa Barbara, and the University of Utah were connected to the ARPANet network using 50 kbit/s circuits. The whole reasoning for the ARPANet network was because the US government wanted a network that could survive a nuclear attack and still be usable. Read about FHP
 wireless
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In addition, to the history of networking, there are some pros and cons of having a wireless network. For instance, a pro of having a wireless network is the ease of installing the hardware components, such as the router or what is commonly known as a WAP or wireless point of access, wireless network cards which slide into a unused PCI slot,. Another , pro of using a wireless network is the fact a person can hook up to the wireless network and use it without having to connect via a Cat5 cable. Another pro, is a person does not have to go out and buy Cat 5 cable and have to run it through walls and ceilings to each node or computer on the network. Some cons of a wireless network are security issues that can creep up without warning. For example, most people just install a wireless network and do not implement the proper safeguards in terms of securing the network, basically put the network and all its data are at risk because its not protected with any authentication protocols. A wireless network that is not properly secured is like paradise for a computer cracker or for some one who is looking to steal some private information or steal a connection and download illegal material . Another, con of having a wireless network is the cost especially if a person is always on the move and is jumping from one access point to another, many towns charge to connect to municipal wi-fi hotspots.
Finally, in addition to the pros and cons of a wireless network, a wired network has pros and cons as well. A big pro of a wired network is the security factor of it, Ergo the wired factor and not having data floating up in the air to where every one can capture it. Unlike a wireless network, wired networks generally have many security safeguards built into them with such things as hardware firewalls, and software firewalls. Another pro of a wired network is the sustained speed of transmitting data. For instance, when downloading a file from the Internet a wired network will have a more consistent kilobyte rate then that of a wireless network for the simple fact the wireless network has to deal with outside obstructions such as the weather conditions mainly. A con of a wired network is the mere fact that the longer the cabling is the level of service starts to decline. Another con, of a wired network is overall speed of the network, most networks run on what is known as 10/100 speed setting which can't compare to a wireless network rate which is now up to 108 Mb's a second with the new generation protocol of 802.11g.
All in all, wired networks and wireless networks each have there pros and cons.
Reference
 Computer networking ,Wikipedia, _URL_ 8-14-2006
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text:
What We're Dealing With
Divestment is "the act of selling off a business/es, or of no longer investing money in something," (Cambridge Dictionary). Basically pulling your money from organizations that you no longer believe to be of sound investment, or that you have come to disagree with as a result of their corporate actions and operations. In the context of climate change, the movement to divest represents the growing trend to withdraw investments from companies that deal in fossil fuels (such as coal & petroleum), and consequently endanger our future and that of the planet.
Oil companies make up some of the largest corporations on the planet, and it takes an astounding amount of money to maintain and grow their operations. Not only do many of these companies receive considerable tax breaks and subsidies (as well as externalize the environmental costs), they also collect huge cash injections from private investors. These investors may be individuals, but often times they are management funds, or collective investments, from a large number of people who may not be fully aware of where exactly their money is ending up.
For many, this type of investment may come in the form of pensions savings, where the initial priority is often the financial return, rather than what organizations the funds are supporting. This pattern of passive investment on behalf of citizens is what social and environmental activists are drawing attention to with their call to "go fossil free."


text:
English - Aircraft Terminology II.
- Garant předmětu:
- Department of Aerospace Engineering
Analysis of passages from professional literature from aircraft technology focusing on expanding terminology in different areas of aircraft technologies (aerodynamics, flight dynamics, solidity of aircraft constructions, different types of aircraft constructions and fuel unit construction). Individual student presentation at a conference, talking about a selected theme.
English - Aircraft Terminology I.
- Syllabus of lectures:
- Syllabus of tutorials:
- Study Objective:
Expansion of terminology in different areas of aircraft technology, preparation for individual presentation at a conference.
- Study materials:
Internal materials of Department of Aerospace Engineering.
- Further information:
- No time-table has been prepared for this course
- The course is a part of the following study plans:


wiki:Commentary/Compiler/Backends/NCG/RegisterAllocator
The Register Allocator
Overview
The register allocator is responsible for assigning real/hardware regs (hregs) to each of the virtual regs (vregs) present in the code emitted by the native code generator. It also inserts spill/reload instructions to save vregs to the stack in situations where not enough hregs are available.
GHC currently provides three register allocation algorithms, one which does simple linear scan and two version of graph coloring. Support for linear scan is likely to be removed in a subequent version.
 - Linear scan
 The linear allocator is turned on by default. This is what you get when you compile with -fasm. The linear allocator does a single pass through the code, allocating registers on a first-come-first-served basis. It is quick, and does a reasonable job for code with little register pressure.
This algorithm has no look-ahead. If say, a particular hreg will be clobbered by a function call, it does not know to avoid allocating to it in the code before the call, and subsequently inserts more spill/reload instructions than strictly needed.
 - Graph coloring (enabled with -fregs-graph)
 The graph coloring algorithm operates on the code for a whole function at a time. From each function it extracts a register conflict graph which has a node for every vreg and an edge between two vregs if they are in use at the same time and thus cannot share the same hreg. The algorithm tries to assign hregs (imagined as colors) to the nodes so that no two adjacent nodes share the same color, if it can't then it inserts spill code, rebuilds the graph and tries again.
Graph coloring tends to do better than the linear allocator because the conflict graph helps it avoid the look-ahead problem. The coloring allocator also tries harder to allocate the source and destination of reg-to-reg move instructions to the same hreg. This is done by coalescing (merging) move-related nodes. If this succeeds then the associated moves can be erased.
 - Graph coloring with iterative coalescing (enabled with -fregs-iterative)
 Iterative coalescing is an improvement over regular graph coloring whereby coalescing passes are interleaved with coloring passes. Iterative coalescing does a better job than regular graph coloring, but is slower because it must alternate between the coloring and coalescing of nodes.
Code map
For an outline of the code see Commentary/Compiler/Backends/NCG/RegisterAllocator/Code
References
If you decide to do some hacking on the register allocator then take a look at (at least) these papers first:
Iterated Register Coalescing
George, Appel, 1996
Decribes the core graph coloring algorithm used.
A Generalised Algorithm for Graph-Coloring Register Allocation
Smith, Ramsey, Holloway, 2004
For a decription of how to deal with overlapping register sets, which aren't fully implemented. Explains what the worst, squeese and triv functions are for.
Design and Implementation of a Graph Coloring Register Allocator for GCC
Matz, 2003
For an overview of techniques for inserting spill code.
The following tickets are related to register allocation: #8048 #10012 #12232
Register pressure in Haskell code
Present GHC compiled code places very little pressure on the register set. Even on x86 with only 3 allocable registers, most modules do not need spill/reloads. This is a mixed blessing - on one hand the conflict graphs are small so we can avoid performance problems related to how the graph is represented, on the other hand it can be hard to find code to test against. Register pressure is expected to increase as the Stg->Cmm transform improves.
In the meantime, here are some good sources for test code:
 - Nofib
 Only a few nofib benchmarks create spills with -O2, two are spectral/hartel/genfft and spectral/sorting.
 - Turn on profiling
 Register pressure increases significantly when the module is compiled with profiling. checkSpills.report gives tuples of (spills, reloads, reg-reg-moves) present in output code generated by the three algorithms when compiled with -O2 -prof. Left to right are the stats for the linear, graph coloring and iterative coalescing algorithms. Note that most modules compile with no spill/reloads inserted, but a few (notably real/compress2/Encode) need several hundred.
I've found it useful to maintain three darcs repos when working on the allocator. ghc-HEAD-work compiled with -Onot for fast compilation during hacking, ghc-HEAD-prof for testing with profiling turned on, and ghc-HEAD-validate for running the validate script. Patches are created in work, pushed into prof where checkSpills is used to compile the nofib benchmarks with the most register pressure. Once we're happy that the performance is ok, the patch is then pushed into validate for validation before pushing to the main repo on darcs.haskell.org
 - SHA from darcs
 The SHA1.lhs module from the darcs source, compiled with -O2 creates the most register pressure out of any Haskell code that I'm aware of. When compiling SHA1, GHC inlines several worker functions and the native code block that computes the hash ends up being around 1700 instructions long. vregs that live in the middle of the block have in the order of 30 conflict neighbors. (evidently, the conflict graph is too large for most of the graphviz layout algorithms to cope with)
For these reasons, SHA1.lhs can be treated as a good worst-case input to the allocator. In fact, the current linear allocator cannot compile it with -O2 -prof on x86 as it runs out of stack slots, which are allocated from a static pool. Make sure to test any changes to the allocator against this module.
Hacking/Debugging
 - Turn on -fasm-lint
 Breaking the allocator can result in compiled programs crashing randomly (if you're lucky) or producing the wrong output. Make sure to always turn on -fasm-lint. Doing this makes the allocator call GraphOps.validateGraph after every spill/color stage. validateGraph checks that all the edges point to valid nodes, that no conflicting nodes have the same color, and if the graph is supposed to be colored then all nodes are really colored.
 - Some useful dump flags
-ddump-asm-regalloc-stages
Shows the code and conflict graph after ever spill/color stage. Also shows spill costs, and what registers were coalesced.
-ddump-asm-stats
Gives statistics about how many spills/reloads/reg-reg-moves are in the output program.
-ddump-asm
Gives the final output code.
-ddump-to-file
Diverts dump output to files. This can be used to get dumps from each module in a nofib benchmark.
cd nofib/real/anna
make EXTRA_HC_OPTS="-O2 -fregs-iterative -ddump-to-file -ddump-asm-regalloc-stages"
 - Visualisation of conflict graphs
 Graphviz, available from _URL_ can be used to make nice visualisations of the register conflict graphs. Use -ddump-asm-regalloc-stages, and copy one of the graph descriptions into a new file niceGraph.dot
circo -Tpng niceGraph.dot -o niceGraph.png
Here's two from nofib/real/compress2/Encode compiled with -O2 -prof:
graph.dot -> graph.png
graph-colored.dot -> graph-colored.png
 - checkSpills
 checkSpills.hs is a nasty, throw away script which can be used to automate the comparison of allocation algorithms. Copy it and a list of test like checkSpills.tests to the top level nofib directory, compile and run. It will build the nofib benchmarks in the list 6 times each, once each with each of the allocators to extract spill counts, and then once again to get compile timings which are unperterbed by the space leaks introduced by compiling with debugging turned on. It's only needed if you're hacking on the allocator, parses the nofib make output directly, and is likely to rot - which is why it isn't included in the main source tree.
Runtime performance
Runtime performance of the graph coloring allocator is proportional to the size of the conflict graph and the number of build/spill cycles needed to obtain a coloring. Most functions have graphs < 100 nodes and generate no spills, so register allocation is a small fraction of overall compile time.
Possible Improvements
These are some ideas for improving the current allocator, most potentially useful first.
 - Work lists for iterative coalescing.
 The iterative coalescing alternates between scanning the graph for trivially colorable (triv) nodes and perforing coalescing. When two nodes are coalesced, other nodes that are not adjacent to the coales


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Midtown Manhattan's Lever House marked a watershed in U.S. architecture when completed in 1952. Located on the west side of Park Avenue between 53rd and 54th Streets, the corporate headquarters, with its facade made of blue-green glass and stainless steel mullions, was one of the first glass-walled International Style office buildings in the country. Within a decade of its construction, the initial enthusiasm for Lever House gave way to a universal recognition of its pivotal importance to American architecture. In 1982, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the Lever House an official landmark.
The structure consists of two intersecting masses, balanced in their proportions but contrasting in shape. A two-story horizontal block containing an open court occupies the entire site with a 21-story tower located on the north. The columns and the ground floor court create a large open plaza allowing entrances to the lobby to be located away from pedestrian traffic. Inside, the typical floor is characterized by large, open office areas with easy access to individual offices, and service cores at the western end.


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The term appreciation when used in the context of investing usually refers to an increase in the value of a particular asset. In the case of diamond jewelry, appreciation occurs when the value of a piece increases over time due to several different factors, such as supply and demand, inflation, and scarcity. Investing in diamond jewelry can make a great financial decision because diamonds tend to hold their value over long periods of time and can even appreciate in certain conditions.
Factors Affecting Appreciation – Reasons Why Diamonds Increase or Decrease in Value
Diamonds naturally appreciate or depreciate depending on a variety of factors. Supply and demand is one big factor when determining the worth of diamonds. When there's too much abundance, prices decrease. Similarly, if there's not enough availability for high quality stones then prices tend to be higher. Variables like technology advancements, geopolitics, and fashion trends can also affect gemstone prices. Scarcity is another major factor impacting diamonds' appreciation; rare gems are usually more expensive than those that are more common. Likewise, new discoveries or mines opening up will affect how much diamonds cost. Additionally, inflation plays an important role too; as the dollar weakens in purchasing power due to currency-wide inflation rates going up, so does the cost for certain items like gold and diamond jewelry rise in tandem with it.
Types of Diamond Jewelry Appreciation
Diamond jewelry can appreciate in value, meaning that over time the same piece of jewelry will be worth more. This appreciation is driven by a variety of factors such as rarity, demand, and inflation. Rarity: Diamonds are rare gemstones, as natural diamonds are formed deep below the earth's surface, making them less common than other gemstones like sapphire or rubies. Demand: As the worldwide market for diamond jewelry grows, so does the demand for diamonds and prices tend to increase proportionally. Inflation: When prices rise due to an increase in general prices across all services and goods due to the lack of purchasing power of currency then diamonds often experience similar increases in value. Appreciation Over Time: As mentioned above, factors like rarity and demand usually cause significant appreciation over time because more people will compete for a given limited supply—driving up prices. Therefore, with proper care and maintenance, diamond jewelry can even become more valuable with time.
Factors that Affect Diamond Jewelry Appreciation
Market Factors: As with most investments, diamond jewelry appreciates or depreciates in value depending on the current market. If prices are rising and demand is high, then you can expect to see your diamond jewelry's value increase. However, if prices are low in the market and demand is low, the value of your jewelry may drop correspondingly.
Cultural Influences: Diamond jewelry is steeped in symbolism and has long been associated with love and marriage, making it a desired and highly sought after item for many cultures around the world. This can have a direct effect on its appreciation potential. For example, some traditional Indian wedding sets featuring diamonds tend to show very strong appreciation potential due to their cultural significance.
Supply & Demand: The law of supply and demand states that if there is an increase in demand, but no corresponding increase in supply, then the price will rise – this applies just as much to diamonds as it does to oil or other commodities. Certain diamond shapes such as round brilliants often become more valuable when they become rarer; if a large period of time elapses between two similar stones offering identical specifications being made available to the market.
Rarity : A diamond's rarity directly impacts its appreciation potential. If a piece of natural rough contains certain characteristics such as clarity or size that make it rarer than other pieces of its type; these factors greatly contribute to a higher appraisal value when compared against more common stones with similar characteristics.
Quality: Ultimately though, quality is the most important factor impacting diamond jewelry appreciation potential; no matter what shape takes preference at any given time. It stands to reason that larger diamonds with better cut-grades will always be worth more than those rated lower than them on both counts – so investing in high-quality diamonds is always something sound advice for anyone looking for sustained investment returns from their purchase over time!
Care and Maintenance to Increase Appreciation
Diamond jewelry can appreciate and gain value over time. While the appreciation of diamonds can vary and is usually less than other forms of investments, caring for a diamond piece will help increase its value. Some of the best ways to ensure long-term appreciation are proper cleaning, storing, insurance, and repairs, as needed.
Cleaning jewelry frequently keeps your diamond pieces looking sparkly and attractive. Getting your jewelry professionally cleaned on a regular basis not only increases the visual appeal but also helps retain any existing stones or enhance their longevity.
Storing precious gems properly can also help preserve their quality. Storing in an airtight box filled with velvet-lined compartments can protect from everyday dust that may otherwise dull a jewels sparkle. It's best to store each piece separately so that larger pieces don't scratch smaller ones. Keeping away from exposure to heat and cold temperatures is critical too since extreme temperatures can damage the integrity and weaken metals used in settings or mountings.
Jewelry Insurance is something to consider so that you are protected if you lose a stone or if something happens to the piece itself such as damage or theft. Insurance companies offer policies which provide coverage for up to several times an item's appraised value depending on the policy you choose. Knowing that your jewelry is insured provides added peace of mind while ensuring that your beloved pieces remain appreciated and valuable should something unexpected arise.
Finally, making sure any necessary repairs are done quickly by a qualified professional jeweler keeps everything in working order and maintains protection against damage due to daily wear & tear or exposure to elements like water, heat or cold temperatures etc In some cases, these repairs may even restore a diamond's original sparkle! Taking care of any small issues right away before they become bigger problems makes for much more cost effective resolution down the line should anything happen at all — it's just good preventative upkeep here!
Appreciable Diamond Jewelry Assets
Yes, diamond jewelry does appreciate. However, it depends on several factors such as the quality and size of diamonds, the metal used to make the jewelry, market trends and demand for particular colors of diamonds and metals. Many people view diamond jewelry as an appreciable asset because investing in it can be more profitable than keeping money in a bank account. There are several key pieces that should be held for investment purposes, such as rings and necklaces featuring larger diamonds or highly-prized settings. For those looking to maximize their return, they should research cut types (princess cut vs round), color grading (D-F) and clarity scales (IF-SI3), all of which will play a large factor in determining the value of a piece of diamond jewelry. Additionally, exploring different avenues of selling – such as private buyers or auctions – could result in higher returns for those selling diamond jewelry.
Strategies for Investing in Diamond Jewelry
Yes, diamond jewelry can appreciate in value over time as long as it is of good quality. The key to realizing a return on investment (ROI) is to purchase jewelry that meets the standards for investment grade items. These are commonly classified as prime gems and limited editions or rare antique diamond pieces. To meet these criteria a piece must have superior craftsmanship, high clarity, excellent cut and color rating, certificate from the Gemological Institute America (GIA), and an origin free of conflict diamonds. Additionally, the buyer should research current market conditions to place an appropriate price tag at the initial purchase. With these factors in consideration one can acquire an asset expected to appreciate in value over time.
When selling diamond jewelry it's important to be knowledgeable about its provenance so that its value can be accurately assessed. An appraisal evaluation is often necessary which should be conducted by a GIA-certified gemologist prior to listing the item for sale. Delivering accurate counterfeit assessments with up-to-date diamond grading reports will help maximize any appreciation potential when it goes into the marketplace and help make sure your piece is not discounted due to suspicious grading or false information about its origins. Furthermore, buyers should also do their own research into current prices for similar jewelry pieces when selling their item within the same region or far away from home; there tends to be regional pricing differences even when working within the same country or international markets. To meet these criteria one must be sure to identify reliable trades providing accurate information on resale prices plus certifications detailing gemstone identity and origin details – all this combined will ensure maximum ROI potential over time if properly managed asset. Taking these steps should ensure your diamond jewelry asset portfolio is adequately protected against depreciation while maintaining critical provenance details needed for authenticity results required on any high-end luxury item transaction before making such investments with either cash or financing alternatives available online today.
Investing in Secondhand Diamond Jewelry
One of the most appealing factors in investing in secondhand diamond jewelry is that, because diamonds are durable and last for a long period of time, the pieces may appreciate in value over the years. As with any investment, there is a chance that some diamonds may depreciate; but it's likely that the piece will be worth more after it has been purchased than did when bought. Additionally, while diamonds tend to stay relatively consistent, they have seen incredible appreciation over time—with prices on some rare colors and sizes rising substantially due to their rarity. Because of this, buying a used diamond piece can not only provide cost-savings today but could potentially prove to be a great investment if you choose to resell it later. Furthermore, many diamond dealers offer certificates of authenticity which are essentially warranties of quality and value assuring the customer that their purchase corresponds to the stated price. These certificates also help buyers maintain their investments for future resale by attesting to genuine craftsmanship and increasing marketability.
Investing in diamond jewelry can be a smart way to increase the value of your assets, as diamonds generally appreciate over time. However, there


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MC:P163 Papers of Henry Bensley Wells (_PHONE_)
Henry Bensley Wells (always called Ben in these letters) was born in 1891 and attended Winchester College before coming to Magdalen as a Commoner in 1909–1913, where he got a Third in History. He coxed the Magdalen College First Eight in 1911–1913, the Blues boat in 1911–1914, and a Leander Eight which won the Olympic Regatta at Stockholm in 1912. After serving in the First World War, he became a barrister, and then a County Court Judge in 1934. He died in 1967.
The letters were given to the College archives by the recipient's son, John Wells, himself an Old Member of Magdalen (C. 1946–1949), in May 2001 as Accession No. 01/108. The photograph album and photographs were donated by his sons John (mentioned above) and David Wells (C.1949-52) in the late 1980s and accessioned as 89/2.
The collection has been divided into the following series:


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|A Collaborative Approach for Reducing Wildland Fire Risks to Communities and the Environment|
The Secretaries of Agriculture and the Interior joined the Western Governors' Association, National Association of State Foresters, National Association of Counties, and the Intertribal Timber Council to endorse this 10-Year Comprehensive Strategy to deal with the wildland fire and hazardous fuels situation, as well as the needs for habitat restoration and rehabilitation in the Nation. Its goals were to improve fire prevention and suppression, reduce hazardous fuels, restore fire-adapted ecosystems, and promote community assistance.
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DLESE Catalog ID: DLESE-000-000-003-650
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Contributor: USDA Forest Service
Contributor: National Association of State Foresters


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 Marcel Boussac
Black colt, 1936 - 1957
By Pharos - Carissima by Clarissimus
Darley Arabian Sire line:
Phalaris Branch.
Family #20 - a
Pharos His sire, Pharos
Pharis was a superb racehorse and champion sire in France. His career on the turf and in the breeding shed was seriously affected by World War II: the outbreak of war in 1939 put an end to his planned fall season on the racecourse in both France and England, and he lost almost five seasons as a stallion in France when he was confiscated by the Nazis and taken to Germany.
Pharis' dam, Carissima (1923), bred by Marcel Boussac, was out of an Irish-bred mare, Casquetts (by Captivation), and by Clarissimus, a winner of the Two Thousand Guineas that was sold to France after three years at stud in England. Clarissimus got a good winner in Nino, who took the prix du Cadran and was later a pretty good sire in France, and the Italian Guineas winner Delleana, later a superior brooodmare. But Clarissimus was most known as a broodmare sire whose grandchildren included Pharis and the French stallion Brantôme.
Carissima was a moderately successful winner of three races, the Prix de Sablonville and Prix de Malleret at Longchamp, and the Prix de Minerve at Evry, and was second, by five lengths, to Dorina in the Prix de Diane. She bred eight winners from twelve foals for Boussac, some of which were born in England after the start of the war. In addition to Pharis she bred Carius, a winner of some races, including the Prix Berteux; Caprifolia (winner of eight races and later dam of The Solicitor); Torissima, a winner of seven races and second dam of Tetrarch Stakes and Zetland Gold Cup winner Tale of Two Cities and of Djenne (later dam of the U.S. handicapper and stallion Olden Times); and Libération, that became the dam of Emperor (Prix Robert Papin and Dewhurst Stakes) and the outstanding stayer Elpenor (Prix du Cadran and Ascot Gold Cup).
In 1935 Boussac put Carissima to Pharos, a superior middle-distance horse at age four in England that stood at stud at Haras d'Ouilly in France after several years as a stallion at Woodland Stud in Newmarket. The year Carissima was bred to Pharos, a mare owned by Federico Tesio dropped a handsome bay colt to the cover of Pharos named Nearco, who was, like Pharis, a champion runner, and was to become one of the most influential stallions of the twentieth century. Pharis, while a very successful stallion in France with sons that went to every continent, would, in the long run, not prove as important in thoroughbred breeding.
Pharis eventually reached 16.2 hands in height. Although listed in some sources as "brown or black," a contemporary turf writer who visited described him as black "as a crow." This same writer, who interviewed Boussac's stable manager while gazing at Pharis, was very impressed by his presence and calm temperament, although Pharis had been known to nip a groom when he removed a water bucket too quickly "to his liking." He spent some time in a mild restraint to prevent him from chewing at his flanks, but was calm and professional on the racecourse. Pharis had a good, sloping shoulder and powerful hind end, but was long in the back and slightly back in the knees.
Pharis on the Turf
Pharis was placed in training with Boussac's private trainer, A. Swann. He did not run as a juvenile, a strategy Boussac and Swann seemed to follow for big, growthy colts, including several of Pharis' offspring in later years. He ran only three times in his life, and was unbeaten, at age three. What would have been his fall season was interrupted by the war: the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, slated for October 8th, was cancelled, and the Doncaster St. Leger in England, where Pharis would have met the champion English colt Blue Peter, was also abandoned that year. The interruption by war of the brilliant career of a French racehorse recalled the champion Sardanapale's career a little over twenty years before.
Pharis started his season in late May by easily winning the Prix Noailles at Longchamp (1-1/2 miles), beating the favorite, Foxhound, by three lengths. In early June he ran with thirteen others in the Prix du Jockey Club. The race started in a heavy rain downpour, and Pharis' pacemaker, Horatius, went to the front, while Pharis lay back at the tail of the field. As he moved up he was checked when he ran into interference, and as the horses passed the stands he turned on his amazing speed, successively passing each horse, and running down the leader, Galérian, to win by two and one-half lengths. It was a brilliant, thrilling race that made Pharis a hero and gave Boussac his fifth Prix du Jockey Club win.
Pharis' final performance was his dramatic win of the Grand Prix de Paris at Longchamp on June 15 (15 furlongs) in heavy, holding ground due to rain. There were seventeen colts and two fillies in the field, including Horatius, who set the pace at the start; Pharis was at the end of the pack for the early part of the race, and then four hundred meters from the post, was boxed in behind already beaten horses and nearly went to his knees, but as soon as an opening appeared on the rail, his jockey, C. Elliott, sent him through and Pharis came thundering down the stretch, "liked the winged horse of the Arab legend," putting away his opponents by two and one-half lengths. This was Boussac's first Grand Prix du Paris triumph. Pharis was acclaimed the champion of his year, and many compared him to the great French hero, Gladiateur.
Pharis in the Stud
Pharis was retired to Haras Fresnay-le-Buffard, where he was a successful, versatile stallion. He got four winners of the Prix du Jockey Club (French Derby), champion juveniles and champion three-year-olds of both sexes in France, terrific stayers that won the Doncaster St. Leger (two), the Prix Royal-Oak (French St. Leger), the Prix de l'Arc deTriomphe, the Prix Kergolay, and other distance races, a champion filly in Germany, and more than one winner in England of the Champion and Hardwicke Stakes. He was the leading sire of juveniles in France four times, and topped the general sires list in 1944, was third four times, and fourth once (when one factored in his winners beyond France, he was leading sire in 1944, 1950, 1951, and 1952). He was second on the list of leading broodmare sires twice, in 1955 and 1956.
Boussac bred and raced most of Pharis' successful offspring, and contingents of Pharis youngsters regularly made the channel crossing to run and win in England, where purses were much higher than in post-war France, and the glory certainly more prestigious at the time. Their successes, both in England and France, contributed to Boussac's placing at the top of the breeders lists in France for years, and to his reputation as the most successful of French breeders of the twentieth century. Up until Pharis' death at Haras de Fresnay-le-Buffard in February of 1957, he had bred 47 stakes winners and a total number of 108 individual winners of 285 races valued at £308,000, despite losing 4-1/2 years of breeding in France when he was confiscated by the Nazis and taken to Germany. Pharis was seldom put to outside mares (except for his time in Germany), in fact he was most often bred to daughters of Boussac's stallions Astérus (hugely contributing to his reputation as a broodmare sire) and Tourbillon, and one does wonder what he might have effected had that not been the case.
Pharis sons were extremely popular as stallions, and they spread his genes all over the world. They went to stud in Great Britain, South Africa, South America, Italy, New Zealand and Australia, the United States, and eventually, Japan. Although most were only moderately useful, some became champion sires that established long-lived tail male lines to Pharis. Not one of his sons that remained in France ever made the top ten in the sires list, but Pardal, who went to stud in England, was several times in the top ten there, and second in 1961, and he, along with Ardan,


text: Performing in musical ensembles can be viewed as a dual task that requires simultaneous attention to a high priority �target� auditory pattern (e.g., a performer�s own part) and either (a) another part in the ensemble or (b) the aggregate texture that results when all parts are integrated. The current study tested the hypothesis that metric frameworks (rhythmic schemas) promote the efficient allocation of attentional resources in such multipart musical contexts. Experiment 1 employed a recognition memory paradigm to investigate the effects of attending to metrical versus nonmetrical target patterns upon the perception of aggregate patterns in which they were embedded. Experiment 2 required metrical and nonmetrical target patterns to be reproduced while memorizing different, concurrently presented metrical patterns that were also subsequently reproduced. Both experiments included conditions in which the different patterns within the multipart structure were matched or mismatched in terms of best-fitting meter. Results indicate that dual-task performance was best in matched-metrical conditions, intermediate in mismatched-metrical conditions, and worst in nonmetrical conditions. This suggests that metric frameworks may facilitate complex musical interactions by enabling efficient allocation of attentional resources.


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Animal Species:Sergeant Baker, Hime purpurissatus Richardson, 1843
The Sergeant Baker is probably named after Governor Phillip's orderly sergeant, William Baker. The species is commonly seen by divers in on the New South Wales coast.
The Sergeant Baker can be recognised by its long tapering body, blotched colouration and its behaviour. The species is commonly observed by divers as it perches on the substrate with its head raised.
Adult males and females are easy to tell apart. Several of the anterior rays of the first dorsal fin are greatly elongated in males, nearly reaching the adipose fin. The elongated dorsal fin rays can be seen in the middle image.
The Sergeant Baker is probably named after Governor Phillip's orderly sergeant, William Baker. Sergeant Baker came to Australia as a Corporal of Marines on the transport ship Charlotte. He was reported to have been a keen fisherman, and possibly the first white settler to have caught this species.
It grows to about 68 cm in length.
This species is endemic to Australia. It is recorded from temperate waters from the central Western Australian coast to southern Queensland.
The map below shows the Australian distribution of the species based on public sightings and specimens in Australian Museums. Click on the map for detailed information. Source: Atlas of Living Australia.
Distribution by collection data
Feeding and Diet
Dietary items include molluscs, fishes and crustaceans.
It is reported to be a poor to fair table fish.
- Edgar, G.J. 1997. Australian Marine Life: the plants and animals of temperate waters. Reed Books. Pp. 544.
- Glover, C.J.M. in Gomon, M.F., Glover, C.J.M. & R.H. Kuiter (Eds). 1994. The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. State Print, Adelaide. Pp. 992.
- Hutchins, B. & R. Swainston. 1986. Sea Fishes of Southern Australia. Complete Field Guide for Anglers and Divers. Swainston Publishing. Pp. 180.
- Kuiter, R.H. 1993. Coastal Fishes of South-Eastern Australia. Crawford House Press. Pp. 437.
- Kuiter, R.H. 1996. Guide to Sea Fishes of Australia. New Holland. Pp. 433.
Mark McGrouther, Collection Manager, Ichthyology


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Christian: God is Love (2015)
Chapter 4: Famous Christians who fell
Yeah right Christians are hypocrites
True some famous Christians are hypocrites and they have given Christianity a bad name. But not all Christians are hypocrites some really do love Jesus and obey His commands. The bible says this about being a hypocrite:
"You hypocrite, first take the plank out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to remove the speck from your brother's eye." Matthew 7:5
Clearly a Christian who lives a life without hypocrisy can look at a need in another Christian's life and correct that Christian in the proper way. The Christian who is without hypocrisy is in a position where they can help other people. Here are two examples of Christians in the Bible who weren't hypocrites.
Jesus the founder of Christianity never acted like a hypocrite during His life/ministry on earth. He lived what He taught. His actions were always consistent with His words. One looks through the four gospels (Narrations of Jesus life) it will be observed that Jesus never said or did a hypocritical thing in His life.
Paul, the greatest Apostle in Christianity was another shining example. He wrote 2/3 of the New Testament. He was one Christian who lived and walked what he taught. He led a life that reflected no hypocrisy. He was able to point out hypocrisy in other Christian's lives. He could do so because he lived an obedient and pure life before God.
People cannot judge Christianity by Christians. It is hard to separate the Christian from Christianity. But Christianity stands on its own merits. Jesus Christ the, Person of Christianity, is the ultimate standard to judge Christianity by. He certainly wasn't a hypocrite. So if a person is new to Christianity they should judge it on the Bible and no other standard.
They say one thing and do another
The true sign of a Christian hypocrite can be found in the type of lifestyle they live. Do they say one thing and do another? How do they act at home? How do they act at church? Are they different when they are around Christians as opposed to Non-Christians?
A true Christian will be consistent in word and deed in all environments. He will live what he tells others. One will find no inconsistencies in his nature. He is supposed to reflect Jesus whether he is at the company party or the church potluck. He loves Non-Christians the same way he loves Christians. He treats everyone the same way. He shows favoritism towards no one. His rich friend and his poor friend are both his friends. He is not embarrassed to be seen with either one.
A Christian hypocrite is one who lives like a chameleon. He acts righteous and prays all the right prayers. He says all the right Christian things when he is at church. He puts his monetary offering for God in the offering plate every week. One looks into his heart and finds a totally different person living there. He may be saying and praying all the right words and prayers. But deep down inside he doesn't believe one prayer he prays. He doesn't mean one word he says. He tells other Christians they should not drink and smoke. You will find him in the popular local bar on Friday night drinking and smoking his night away. He curses every other word. He corrects other Christians when they curse.
The bible says you will know a person by their fruits. (Their actions) A Christian who acts one way and says he lives a totally different way is a hypocrite. A consistent Christian will reflect Jesus every day of his life.
How do Christians overcome temptation?
This is the age old question. What source or power keeps Christians from bowing to temptation when it comes their way? The answer is quite simple. The Christian God that lives inside of His children gives them the power to resist and overcome any temptation.
"So shall they fear the name of the Lord from the west and His glory from the rising of the sun. When the enemy shall come in like a flood, the Spirit of the Lord shall lift up a standard against him." Isaiah 59:19.
This verse in Isaiah's book clearly states that temptation will come to break down the Christian's door. The Spirit of God that lives within the Christian will raise up a standard against that temptation. Christians face an age old enemy-the devil. Satan is his name. He brings temptation against the Christian from the four corners of the earth. Here is a common example of temptation for a Christian man:
The beautiful co-worker is young and attractive. She has that shapely body. She likes to flaunt it in the young married Christians face. She is constantly flirting with this young man and inviting him out for drinks, etc. The young Christian man cannot resist the young woman's charm in his own strength. He must turn to someone much stronger than himself. Someone who can give him the power to stay away from this woman and tell her no. WHO IS THAT SOMEONE? God is the source of the Christian's ability to resist that woman and overcome the temptation. This is how Christians overcome temptation by the power of God that dwells in them. They must choose to submit the temptation to God. He will then release His power in their lives and help them defeat every temptation that comes their way.
I thought the God of Christianity helped Christians avoid temptation
You thought right God does help Christians overcome temptation. The Christian has to let God help him or her overcome the temptation. I Corinthians 10:13 advises this:
" No temptation has overtaken you except what is common to mankind. And God is faithful; he will not let you be tempted] beyond what you can bear. But when you are tempted he will also provide a way out so that you can endure it."
God clearly helps Christians overcome temptation. The Christian maybe facing a very tough temptation that hangs around for a while. God will strengthen the Christian during the temptation and then He will remove the temptation from the Christian. Other times God will remove the temptation right away from the Christian. God will also remove the Christian from the temptation. Sometimes He does this after a period of time. He also will do this instantly! So yes God is always a refuge for Christians from evil.
The Christian must also see a bad circumstance coming and steer clear of it. God will warn the Christian of an undesirable situation before it appears. The Christian follows God's lead avoiding the temptation. Christians can also see an obvious bad circumstance coming their way. They should run in the other direction to flee the temptation.
Does God tempt people with evil?
Certainly not God never tempts people to sin. He will never tell a person to act in a way that goes contrary to His holy nature. He will never put a person in a tempting circumstance. It has to be understood that God is perfect, sinless and holy. Nothing but goodness dwells within God. The bible says God is so pure that no man can look on Him and live.
"When tempted, no one should say, "God is tempting me." For God cannot be tempted by evil, nor does he tempt anyone." James 1:13
This verse in James quite plainly says that God cannot be tempted by evil. He doesn't tempt anyone with evil either. A person is tempted by evil when the evil confronts them. They dwell on the evil thought, image or picture for too long. The temptation takes root in their heart and they act it out. This is how people and Christians are tempted. God absolutely will never tempt anyone. He has no evil within. He cannot even tempt people with evil. God's thoughts toward anyone are always good and holy. He never thinks evil toward any human on the earth. It doesn't matter whether the person is a Christian or not. God will not tempt them with evil. This section closes with this:
" Finally, brothers and sisters, whatever is true, whatever is noble, whatever is right, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is admirable—if anything is excellent or praiseworthy—think about such things." Philippians 4:8


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Serialization: Serializing an Object
The article Serialization: Making a Serializable Class shows how to make a class serializable. Once you have a serializable class, you can serialize objects of that class to and from a file via a CArchive object. This article explains:
You can let the framework create the archive for your serializable document or explicitly create the CArchive object yourself. You can transfer data between a file and your serializable object by using the << and >> operators for CArchive or, in some cases, by calling the Serialize function of a CObject-derived class.


Duplicate channels
You can copy a channel and use it in the current image or another image.
For example, you may want to use the Duplicate Channel feature to create a channel mask; or you may want to back up a copy of a channel before you edit it.
Duplicate a channel
If you are duplicating alpha channels between images, the channels must have identical pixel dimensions. You cannot duplicate a channel to a Bitmap‑mode image.
 1. In the Channels panel, select the channel to duplicate.
 2. Choose Duplicate Channel from the Channels panel menu.
 3. Type a name for the duplicate channel.
 4. For Document, do one of the following:
 - Choose a destination. Open images only with pixel dimensions identical to the current image are available. To duplicate the channel in the same file, select the channel's current file.
 - Choose New to copy the channel to a new image, creating a multichannel image containing a single channel. Type a name for the new image.
 5. To reverse the selected and masked areas in the duplicate channel, select Invert.
Duplicate a channel in an image
 1. In the Channels panel, select the channel you want to duplicate.
 2. Drag the channel onto the Create New Channel button at the bottom of the panel.
Duplicate a channel in another image
 2. Make sure that the destination image is open.
 The destination image does not have to have the same pixel dimensions as the duplicated channel.
 3. Do one of the following:
 - Drag the channel from the Channels panel into the destination image window. The duplicated channel appears at the bottom of the Channels panel.
 - Choose Select > All, and then choose Edit > Copy. Select the channel in the destination image and choose Edit > Paste. The pasted channel overwrites the existing channel.
Split channels into separate images
You can split channels of flattened images only. Splitting channels is useful when you want to retain individual channel information in a file format that doesn't preserve channels.
 1. To split channels into separate images, choose Split Channels from the Channels panel menu.
 The original file is closed, and the individual channels appear in separate grayscale image windows. The title bars in the new windows show the original filename plus the channel. You save and edit the new images separately.
Merge channels
Multiple grayscale images can be combined as the channels of a single image. The images you want to merge must be in grayscale mode, be flattened (have no layers), have the same pixel dimensions, and be open. The number of grayscale images you have open determines the color modes available when merging channels. For example, if you have three images open, you can merge them into an RGB image; if you have four images open, they can become a CMYK image.
If you are working with DCS files that have accidentally lost their links (and so cannot be opened, placed, or printed), open the channel files, and merge them into a CMYK image. Then re-save the file as a DCS EPS file.
 1. Open the grayscale images containing the channels you want to merge, and make one of the images active.
 You must have more than one image open for the Merge Channels option to be available.
 2. Choose Merge Channels from the Channels panel menu.
 3. For Mode, choose the color mode you want to create. The number of channels appropriate for the mode appears in the Channels text box.
 4. If necessary, enter a number in the Channels text box.
 If you enter a number that is incompatible with the selected mode, Multichannel mode is automatically selected. This creates a multichannel image with two or more channels.
 5. Click OK.
 6. For each channel, make sure the image you want is open. If you change your mind about the image type, click Mode to return to the Merge Channels dialog box.
 7. If you are merging channels into a multichannel image, click Next, and select the remaining channels.
 All channels of a multichannel image are alpha channels or spot channels.
 8. When you have finished selecting channels, click OK.
 The selected channels are merged into a new image of the specified type, and the original images are closed without any changes. The new image appears in an untitled window.
 You cannot split and recombine (merge) an image with spot color channels. The spot color channel will be added as an alpha channel.


FMXTMemoSelTextProperty (Delphi)
From RAD Studio Code Examples
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Description
A very simple example that selects a range of text using SelStart and SelLength. Once selected, SelText is used to extract the selected text.
Code
 Memo1.SetFocus;
 Memo1.SelStart := 12;
 Memo1.SelLength := 20;
 showmessage (Memo1.SelText);
Note: The TMemo component should have focus when selecting text.
Uses
Personal tools
Assistance


text:
Mon May 7, 2012
Earth Calendar for May 7th and 8th
The United States has one of the safest public drinking water systems in the world. Tap water not only provides water for daily activities such as drinking, bathing and cooking, it also benefits the entire community by providing water to serve businesses, school and hospitals and promoting overall health. May 6th - 12th is Drinking Water Week, an annual observance whose theme this year, "Water: Celebrate the Essential", will underscore the many services provided by public drinking water in the United States. New challenges to the US water supply include an again water infrastructure, the impact of climate change on water supply and quality, chemical contaminants, emerging pathogens and the development of new ways to obtain and use water. Safe drinking water depends on all of us and we all depend upon it. We can do our part by being informed, observant, involved and protective. For mor information, visit the American Water Works Association's website.
On Our Calendar
Do you love watching birds? Do you wish you could identify some of the birds that live near you? If so, meet at Burnet Woods and learn some of the basic birding techniques that will help you become a better birder. Learn the lingo and discover the best habitats to find our feathered friends at the Trailside Nature Center on May 12th at 9:00 am. For more information, call _PHONE_.


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Through the Regional Hub, the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) developed a training manual to facilitate the development of resilient and sustainable (green) food value chains. Over May and June, they hosted remote regional training events to troubleshoot the manual and kickstart the greening process.
"Greening" refers to the transformation of a process or practice towards a more holistically sustainable and resilient outcome. Green food value chains proactively promote the sustainable use of natural resources to mitigate adverse impacts on the landscape and generate positive results for nature and communities. A resilient and sustainable food value chain considers proper disposal and recycling and has a plan for recapturing value at every stage to reduce environmental, socio-cultural and economic impact overall.
"Greening" intends to provide a holistic, circular, open-ended framework that creates sustainable economic, environmental, and social outcomes for all stakeholders involved. Greening a food value chain leads to increased economic opportunities, innovation in processes and operations, upgraded technology and myriad social benefits, especially for smallholder farmers.
RFS Regional Hub partners AGRA and UNDP have supported country projects in developing resilient and sustainable value chains since the programme's start. In September 2019, AGRA and UNDP hosted a regional training workshop focused on greening agricultural value chains for RFS country project teams in Nairobi. The event's purpose was to teach country project teams to apply value chain concepts to farming operations, raise technical awareness on how to make food value chains more sustainable and resilient, and, importantly, identify further training needs.
Thirty people attended, representing Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Niger, Nigeria, Malawi, Senegal, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania. The trainees attended seminars on integrating climate-smart agriculture into value chains, building community resilience and adapting to climate change. At the end of the training, each country project developed specific action plans for greening their food value chains.
With the knowledge gained from the initial training session, UNDP and AGRA developed a training manual to help guide RFS country teams as they work to green food value chains. The guide aims to build value chain actors' capacities and analytical skills, focusing specifically on smallholder producers and service providers.
The manual blends best practices and lessons learned from projects, programmes and initiatives that promote resilient and sustainable food value chain development in Africa. It will help country teams implement a holistic approach to agricultural productivity and agribusiness development in their smallholder farming systems.
In May and June, AGRA and UNDP hosted a second round of targeted training to promote and encourage the use of the manual. The training built country team capacity to develop multi-stakeholder platforms (MSPs), identify priority value chains, map value chains, and develop action plans. AGRA-UNDP planning and assistance will cover all aspects of value chain development, from mapping the value chain to financing its "greening".
To ensure training is tailored to each geographical context, AGRA-UNDP held region specific sessions:
If you missed the AGRA-UNDP training or are interested in attending future training sessions, please contact Assan Ngombe for more information.


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The Knoxville Symphony Orchestra has long claimed to be the "oldest symphony in the South" or, in the most recent promotional literature, "the oldest continuing orchestra in the Southeast." The KSO is certainly older than the average Southern symphony orchestra—or, for that matter, the average American symphony orchestra. However, they're not the only organization to make the "Oldest Symphony Orchestra in the South" claim.
Comparing various claims would require some labor, as well as a universal standard of what constitutes a symphony. Is it a certain number of musicians? A certain frequency of performances? Professional status, for either the conductor or the musicians? What if a symphony closes temporarily? In fact there's no agree-upon definition of what a symphony is, and whether continuity permits pauses. The KSO began as an extraordinarily small orchestra of 27 pieces, but grew rapidly to count 45 musicians by its third season, and has performed two or more shows every season since 1935.
The KSO is older than the symphonies of many larger cities, including Atlanta, Louisville, Nashville, and Memphis. It's the oldest symphony orchestra in Tennessee. However, several Southern orchestras report earlier dates of origin. Charlotte's symphony claims a 1932 birthdate. The Alabama Symphony Orchestra in Birmingham reports that it had been founded by 1933, with a board of directors and a fund-raising organization; by 1935, when the KSO performed its first regular concert, Birmingham's ASO was three times the size.
No orchestra makes more of the Oldest Symphony in the South claim than Georgia's Rome Symphony Orchestra, which is smaller and less active than the KSO, but cites a 1921 founding date, and touts its status liberally.
KSO historian Rudy Ennis says he first heard the KSO make that claim during the David Van Vactor days, in the '60s. He has never tried to confirm or deny it. He says, however, that the KSO's definition of its founding is more conservative than the estimates made by many orchestras; by looser standards, the KSO might reach back to various landmark assemblages in 1927 or 1924 or 1917 as its origin—rather than 1935, which was the beginning of an unbroken stream of prescription seasons.


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New disease management ally for northern growers
Author: Sarah Jeffrey | Date: 09 Apr 2015
Northern grain growers have a powerful new ally in the management of crop disease following the recent launch of a new Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC) GrowNotes 'Tips and Tactics' fact sheet.
The Sunflower Disease Management 'Tips and Tactics' is one of the most comprehensive integrated disease management guides ever produced for the northern grains industry.
It forms part of the GRDC GrowNotes suite of 'know more, grow more' products and was showcased at the recent GRDC Grains Research Updates at Coonabarabran and Goondiwindi.
The publication encourages a whole of farming systems approach to disease management and provides in-depth advice on sunflower disease awareness, inoculum reduction through crop rotation, the potential disease implications of various rotation strategies, weed control, stubble management and chemical control options.
Coordinator of the Better Sunflowers project funded by the GRDC and Australian Oilseeds Foundation, Liz Alexander said the publication included "ready reckoner" tables aimed to help growers manage disease across the farming system and weigh up the risks and benefits of different rotation options.
"This is the first time this information has been collated in a single document and in a simple comparable format across northern region crops," Ms Alexander said.
"The ready reckoner tables are designed for the ute, glovebox or office wall. One table summarises the disease implications of planting 16 common crops of the northern region following important sunflower soil and stubble borne diseases," she said.
"The second ready reckoner table provides growers and advisers with a tool to quickly and easily compare the rotational benefits and disease risks of crop selection following common diseases of other northern region crops.
"For some, sunflower has a reputation for disease issues but this table clearly displays the crop's advantages as a profitable break crop for diseases of many crops."
Ms Alexander said effective disease management required growers to select and implement a number of complementary strategies to minimise crop losses and maximise sunflower yield and oil quality.
"Integrated disease management in sunflower requires implementation of sound farm hygiene, effective paddock rotations, appropriate agronomic and chemical practices, and the use of disease resistant hybrids where available," she said.
"An understanding of the diseases of sunflower, the source of pathogen inoculum, methods of spread, symptoms of infection, and the potential impacts of environment and management options on yield and quality is essential.
"This fact sheet provides a one-stop shop for information, industry resources and links to ensure that crop production and profitability are maximised."
She said integrated disease management had a whole-of-farm focus rather than individual paddocks or crops and should be implemented by all northern growers regardless of whether or not a disease problem currently existed.
The Sunflower Disease Management 'Tips and Tactics' provides links to other useful agronomic management resources such as the GRDC Sunflower GrowNotes, additional GRDC factsheets on powdery mildew, phomopsis stem canker and root lesion nematodes, NSW Department of Primary Industries Summer Crop Production Guide and the Better Sunflowers disease enquiry service.
Liz Alexander, Better Sunflowers Coordinator
0429 471 511
For more information
Research Fellow (Summer Crops Pathology)
University of Southern Queensland
0477 718 593
Sarah Jeffrey, Senior Consultant Cox Inall Communications
0418 152 859
GRDC Project Code DAQ000186, PAL00019


Dwell-time distributions in quantum mechanics - Quantum PhysicsReportar como inadecuado
Dwell-time distributions in quantum mechanics - Quantum Physics - Descarga este documento en PDF. Documentación en PDF para descargar gratis. Disponible también para leer online.
Abstract: Some fundamental and formal aspects of the quantum dwell time are reviewed,examples for free motion and scattering off a potential barrier are provided,as well as extensions of the concept. We also examine the connection betweenthe dwell time of a quantum particle in a region of space and flux-fluxcorrelations at the boundaries, as well as operational approaches andapproximations to measure the flux-flux correlation function and thus thesecond moment of the dwell time, which is shown to be characteristicallyquantum, and larger than the corresponding classical moment even for freelymoving particles.
Autor: J. Muñoz, I. L. Egusquiza, A. del Campo, D. Seidel, J. G. Muga
Fuente: _URL_
DESCARGAR PDF
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text:
Ron Dick (Author) & Dan Patterson (Photographer)
War and Peace in the Air, the final book in the acclaimed five-volume Aviation Century series, explores the influence of aviation in the major wars and minor conflicts since World War II. The authors also examine the dangers of flight, including airborne disasters, accident investigations and threats from terrorism, and speculate on the myriad ways in which aviation will change in the near and far future. Included are:
– The introduction of the jet engine and the changes it brought in training, logistics and administration
– Improvements in weaponry, avionics and aircraft systems in the transformation of basic bombers and fighters
– The history of flight safety, from the first air fatality in 1908 to the disaster-prevention tactics introduced to defeat modern terrorist threats
– Profiles of 21st century aircraft, plus the future in aviation — including collision avoidance systems, computer-driven air-traffic control, and the return of supersonic travel.
Rare archival photographs and newly photographed color images add to the entertaining and informative text. All the current photographs have been shot on site or in museums, collections or the field.


text:
noun, plural: anastomoses
(1) Interconnection between parts of a branching system forming a network, as in leaf anastomosis.
Related forms: anastomotic (adjective).
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... with splenomegaly, ascites, GI bleeding and/or portal systemic encephalopathy. The consequences of portal hypertension are due to portal systemic anastomosis formed by the body as an attempt to bypass the obstructed liver circulation. These collateral vessels form along the falciform ligament,...
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What's the dollar value of wild salmon produced by the Tongass and the Chugach?
Alaska's Tongass and Chugach National Forests provide many different things to the people who rely on them for food, recreation or a living, but because the forests work for free, the value of the services they provide is sometimes hard to recognize. As part of a growing movement to figure out the dollar value of those forest "products," however, scientists for the first time have estimated the value of the Tongass and the Chugach National Forests to Alaska's commercial salmon industry.
LINK (via: The Cordova Times)
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text:
Klystron show / hide
Electron tube in which high-frequency electromagnetic waves are generated and increased through the energy exchange between an electron beam and standing electric fields.
KTA Standard 1202show / hide
Safety related standard of the Nuclear Safety Standards Commission (KTA) on requirements on the handbook. This standard must be applied to content, structure, design, and development of the inspection list and the inspection instructions listed therein, jointly summarised in the handbook, of a stationary nuclear power plant. It applies to all periodic inspections of the systems specified in the nuclear licensing procedure that are important with regard to safety, and to their components and equipments.


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Aspect is a piece of information about a topic, usually on look and appearance.Aspect can refer to:
Aspect is a feature that is linked to many parts of a program, but which is not necessarily the primary function of the program.
Aspect Co., Ltd. is a Japanese video game company.
Grammatical aspect is a component of the conjugation of a verb having to do with the internal temporal flow of an event.
Lexical aspect is a distinction among different kinds of verb according to their relation to time.
Astrological aspect is the relative angle between two heavenly bodies.
Aspect refers to the direction to which a mountain slope faces.
Aspect refers to the direction the property is facing (e.g. a north-east aspect).
Aspect Software, a software corporation specialized in software solutions for call centers.
Warner Aspect, an imprint of the publishing company Warner Books focusing on works of science fiction.
Aspect musical group refers to the Dance Music group from Dublin, Ireland.


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Often we are asked to recover money for goods and/or services supplied to customers where there is no contract to support the same. Although not ideal, it doesn't make debt recovery impossible and the usual defence 'get lost, I didn't sign anything' depending on the circumstances does not apply.
Unjust Enrichment is a general equitable principle that no person should be allowed to profit at another's expense without making restitution for the reasonable value of any property, services, or other benefits that have been unfairly received and retained.
Unjust enrichment is not based on an express contract. Instead, litigants normally resort to the remedy of unjust enrichment when they have no written or verbal contract to support their claim for relief. In such instances litigants ask a court to find a contractual relationship that is implied in law, a relationship created by courts to do justice in a particular case.
Unjust enrichment has four elements:-
Examples of Unjust Enrichment
For example a Builders Merchant supplies customer 200 bricks (the Bricks) without having previously quoted for the same. Nevertheless the Builders Merchant invoices for the (Bricks) which the customer has not returned, and despite admitting receipt of the Bricks refuses to pay. As a result the customer has been enriched at the expense of the Builders Merchant and it would be unjust for the customer to continue to be enriched without paying the Builders Merchant an amount representing the reasonable value of the Bricks.
In other circumstances unjust enrichment is the appropriate remedy for parties who have entered a legally enforceable contract, but where performance by one party exceeds the precise requirements of the agreement. For example, a homeowner and a builder have entered into a legally binding contract for the construction of a garage.
One day the owner returns to her residence and discovers that in addition to constructing a garage, the builder has paved the driveway. The owner makes no complaint about the driveway but later refuses to compensate the builder for the paving job. The builder has a claim for unjust enrichment in an amount representing the reasonable value of the labour and materials used in paving the driveway.
If you are owed money but don't have a contract and/or have a case with the above hallmarks call award winning credit professional and Legal Executive Carlo Pegna at Master Collections on 01920 481467 for a FREE debt recovery assessment.


text:
Does personality moderate reaction and adaptation to major life events? Evidence from the British Household Panel Survey
A nationally representative panel study of British households was used to examine the extent to which Big Five personality traits interact with the experience of major life events (marriage, childbirth, unemployment, and widowhood) to predict increases and decreases in life satisfaction following the event. Results show that major life events are associated with changes in life satisfaction, and some of these changes are very long lasting. Personality traits did not have consistent moderating effects on the association between stressful life events and life satisfaction over time.
Journal of Research in Personality
Volume and page numbers
46, 477 -488
Albert Sloman Library Periodicals *restricted to Univ. Essex registered users*


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The Drinking Ostriches (an-na'am al-warid)
The Drinking Ostriches are part of the Ostriches (an-na'a'im) celestial complex, which also includes the Nest (al-udhi) of the ostriches and the Wasteland (al-balda). Unlike the Lion or the Scorpion, each star of the Ostriches represents an individual ostrich. The Ostriches are divided into two groups, four Drinking Ostriches and four Returning Ostriches (an-na'am as-sadir). The Drinking Ostriches were so named because their stars are located in the swath of the Milky Way, the river from which the Ostriches are drinking.
One of two groups of four bright stars, each arranged as a quadrilateral, with a ninth star connecting the two groups. The Drinking Ostriches are the first of the two groups to set.
γ SGR (Al Nasl), yellow giant star, magnitude 3.0
η SGR, orange star, magnitude 3.1
ε SGR (Kaus Australis), blue-white star, magnitude 1.9
δ SGR (Kaus Meridionalis), orange giant star, magnitude 2.7
The four stars of the Drinking Ostriches take just over a week to rise and set. Ibn Qutayba (d. 879 CE) reported that the Ostriches were said to rise on the morning of December 23 and set on the morning of June 23. On account of the precession of the equinoxes, today we can expect to observe the Drinking Ostriches setting in late June and rising in mid-January, as seen from the latitude of Tucson. (See How to Observe on the About page for more on this topic.)
The Drinking Ostriches do not figure in the calendar of the rains stars.
In early listings of the lunar stations, the Ostriches as a whole are the 22nd station of the year. This was later changed to the 20th lunar station after the stations were adjusted to begin with the vernal equinox. Two of the stars of the Drinking Ostriches match the Hindu nakshatra called Purva Ashadha.
Related Stars and Celestial Complexes
The Drinking Ostriches are part of the Ostriches (an-na'a'im, النعائم) folkloric celestial complex.
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