We've fallen in love with our virtual assistants – Cortana, Siri, Alexa, and "Hey Google." We use them in our homes, our cars, and when we're out and about with friends. Wouldn't it be great if there was a virtual assistant that would help sellers do their jobs? Wait..there is. It's the Relationship Assistant for Microsoft Dynamics 365 and InsideView is proud to be the first partner to integrate our intelligence into it.
What is the Relationship Assistant?
The Relationship Assistant uses artificial intelligence (AI) to track and analyze your daily activities, opportunities, and communications, and suggests actions to take in the form of action cards. When you log into CRM, you see a carousel of action cards for the day displayed in order of priority. You can choose to take action, discard, or snooze. When you take action, and as you move through Dynamics 365, you receive additional action cards based on exactly what you're doing right then and there.
The assistant reminds you of upcoming activities, suggests things that might need your attention, and alerts you to opportunities and threats. The action cards provide summary information, links to related records, and actions for quick response.
 1. Summary content
 2. Actions
 3. Snooze
 4. Dismiss
Why Relationship Assistant is a must-have for smart sellers
1. Helps you prioritize
The Relationship Assistant helps you solve one of your biggest headaches – knowing what to focus on first. Have a large opportunity coming due? Owe someone a proposal? Or perhaps a sales development rep just opened an opportunity for one of your targeted accounts? These important items need your prompt attention and Relationship Assistant makes sure they are top of mind.
2. Saves you time
No need to search for the documents and information you need to complete these activities. You can rely on the Relationship Assistant to put everything you need right in front of you. Need to open the opportunity? Just click on the link. Want to re-read a related email? The link is right there. Multiply that over and over by the number of activities throughout your day and then consider the extra selling time you'll gain with the Assistant doing your busy work.
3. Prevents unpleasant surprises
Imagine being questioned by your boss for missing a proposal due date. Or worse, losing an opportunity because you forgot to answer a prospect's question. Perhaps you don't need to imagine it. Ouch! The Relationship Assistant can make sure these unpleasant surprises are a thing of the past by reminding you of critical due dates… without your having to set up reminders or to-do lists.
4. Keeps you a step ahead of the competition
When a key account or prospect experiences a major business event, such as being acquired or acquiring another company. This can represent a potential loss or an opportunity to grow your business. If you know about it before your competition, you can reach out first to provide a solution, make a sale, grow the account, or prevent a loss.
5. Goes where you go
The Relationship Assistant is as mobile as you are. In fact, it's even more central to the mobile experience than on your desktop. When you log into the Dynamics 365 app, you are greeted with your action cards. Imagine this. You have an appointment in 30 minutes? See who's attending, open the related opp, send an email to attendees, or get a map and directions.
These are just a few examples of how the Relationship Assistant can make your life easier and propel your success.
At InsideView, we've been using AI since our inception to aggregate, analyze, and validate data and insights. We use it to know which insights to deliver, where, and when. Today, we're pleased to extend our use of AI as the first partner to integrate into Dynamics 365 Relationship Assistant. InsideView data and insights have been embedded in Microsoft Dynamics 365 and CRM Online since 2013. What makes this new integration exciting is how it surfaces the insights. The assistant pushes the information into the forefront of the seller's workflow. And it goes a step further by suggesting actions based on those insights.
For more information about Relationship Assistant and our integration with it, you can read our press release, contact _EMAIL_, or visit us at CRMUG Summit, booth 427, next week.


text:
3W students finished their first unit in Drama. The first unit focused on communicating feelings and emotion and building on the ideas of others to create.
We can communicate feelings, ideas and experiences in drama.
- Communicating emotion
- Building on our ideas
- Using our experiences
During this unit, students acted out emotions in drama games and collaborated with their peers to create skits. We began discussing different characters from fairytales and favourite stories and the qualities of the characters. Students acted out stories from chosen fairy tales. Each student then chose a character, listed the qualities of that character, then made a group to create a new story. Please enjoy the new stories the students have created. The videos are password protected. The password is 'drama'.
The Evil Giant (Eline, Kiana, Akhil)
Hansel is Lost (Elena, Julynn, Leanna)
The Delicious Gingerbread Man and the Evil Tanuki (Shoichi, Marcus, Teimu)
Trading (Sayo, Vienna, George, William)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Innovation of material quality control with artificial intelligence
AI powered material analysis
The Team of the projekt "MiViA" has developed an autonomous, self-learning microstructure analysis that combines the expertise of a materials scientist with the ability to recognize patterns using AI algorithms. The "MiViA" project started at the Institute of Metal Forming at TU Bergakademie Freiberg in October 2021. The MiViA team consists of four motivated scientific employees who are working on the development of a market-ready analysis software as well as the associated economic aspects.
On the way from a funded university project to an independent company, the start-up project "MiViA" is financed by the Federal Ministry of Economics and Climate Protection (BMWK) via an EXIST research transfer.
Automation of microstructure analysis
In the production and further processing of metallic semi-finished products, it is essential to determine the properties of the material so that the product can be proven to have the necessary quality for the respective application.
In this way, defects can be detected at an early stage and additional costs due to rejects and production downtimes can be avoided. In addition to various material tests, an analysis of the microstructure also takes place.
Currently, these analyses are carried out manually. This requires a qualified expert to obtain meaningful results. Due to a subjective evaluation of the expert, there is a higher result dispersion of the analyses and consequently a higher error rate.
The business idea of "MiViA" is therefore based on the commercialization of a self-learning, autonomous microstructure analysis system. Our software is based on an AI network structure trained with a database of 2 million images.
With the use of MiViA, metal processing companies have the possibility to make the analysis results reproducible and stable, independent of experts at any time. Thus, a cross-company comparison of the results is conceivable.
5 reasons for the use of "MiViA
- Autonomous image processing and analysis by AI engine
- Database generation with unique MiViA process
- Analysis independent of image quality
- Reproducible, stable quantitative analysis results, independent of experts
- From prototype to market-ready product
If you would like to test the capabilities of our software yourself, please contact jessica [dot] schneidermivia [dot] ai. All further information will be communicated to you in the following.
Would you like to learn more about MiViA? Then subscribe to our newsletter. Sign up at infomivia [dot] ai with the keyword "Newsletter".

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
NAVER LABS Europe seminars are open to the public. This seminar is virtual and requires registration
Date: 16th September 2021, 10:00am CEST (GMT +02.00)
Leveraging transformers for effective and efficient retrieval
Abstract: While relatively recent, transformer architectures like BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) have already demonstrated their ability to substantially improve effectiveness across a wide range of text ranking tasks. The increased effectiveness of these approaches is not without drawbacks, however, and the architecture of these models both comes with significant efficiency costs and creates challenges for applying them to text ranking. In this talk I will describe where and how transformers can be leveraged for text ranking, discuss some of my work tackling the challenges of applying transformers to this task, and describe some of the remaining challenges and what they mean for applying transformers to text ranking today.
About the Speaker: Andrew Yates is an assistant professor at the University of Amsterdam, where he focuses on developing content-based neural ranking methods and leveraging them to improve search and downstream tasks. He has co-authored a variety of papers on pre-BERT and BERT-based neural ranking methods as well as an upcoming book on transformer-based ranking methods. In 2016 Yates received his Ph.D. in Computer Science from Georgetown University, where he worked on information retrieval and information extraction in the medical domain.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Sweet tea is a Southern institution. In the South it is more plentiful then water, however this was not always the case. In the late 1800′s and early 1900′s sweet tea was a luxury. Sweet tea was a way to demonstrate ones status and decadence. There were several reasons for this. During this time period, tea, ice, and sugar were expensive. Out of all these the biggest luxury item was ice which had to cut and shipped from frozen lakes often over great distances and then stored into the warm months.
The oldest known recipe for sweet ice tea was published in 1879 in a cookbook called the Housekeeping in Old Virginia by Marion Cabell Tyree. This original recipe bears a strong resemblance to the modern version including the long steeping time and massive amounts of sugar. The only glaring difference is the use of green tea. Prior to WWII green tea was plentiful in the US and most sweet tea during this time period was made from green tea. However because of WWII green tea was no longer imported from Japan and instead the US turned to India which was under British-control and produced black tea. After the War, America never looked back and now black tea, specifically Lipton is the hallmark of sweet tea.
While people from the North may balk at the sweetness of the tea it is a refreshing summertime staple. But sometimes you need a little extra kick in your tea. The following drink was created by Simon Gibson of the Brooklyn Star. I discovered this recipe in an article written on Complex.com
Sweet Tea Sour 2 oz. Four Roses Bourbon
1 oz. sweet tea syrup
1 oz. lemon juice
1/2 oz. egg white Tea Syrup: Steep two large Lipton iced tea bags in three pints of boiling water for 30 minutes. Remove tea and add 1 quart of sugar while the water is still hot. Stir to dissolve and allow to cool.
For a Southern secret, try adding a touch of baking soda while the tea is boiling to help smooth some of the bitterness. The egg white adds a real nice texture to the drink. There is a a nice balance between the sweet and sour components but in homage to sweet tea on my second go round I dropped the lemon juice by a 1/4 to up the sweetness of the overall drink. I did not have have any Four Roses so I used Old Weller Antique.
The Lynchburg Lemonade was the subject of a fierce legal battle between creator Tony Mason and the Jack Daniels distillery. Was it a drink worth fighting for? Not in its original form, I'd say. The classic Lynchburg Lemonade is equal … Continue reading →
I discovered this recipe while skimming through the 75th Anniversary Edition of Mr. Boston's Official Bartender's Guide. The recipe calls for 1792 Ridgemont Reserve Bourbon Whiskey, which I did not have on hand. The notes for the drink state that this particular bourbon has a higher than average content of rye. I decided to go with a rye whiskey (Redemption Rye), although Bulleit Bourbon would have been another excellent choice.
Commodore Cocktail 2 oz 1792 Ridgemont Reserve Bourbon Whiskey (Redemption Rye or Bulleit Bourbon).75 oz white crème de cacao.5oz lemon juice 1 dash (tsp) of grenadine (hibiscus grenadine) shake with ice and strain into a chilled cocktail glass.
Some recipes call for equal parts of the first 3 ingredients and do not specify a high rye content bourbon. This will create an overall sweeter drink compared to the recipe I have listed. You should experiment to see which suits your palate best.
While its pink color may lure you into thinking its a sweet drink with no bite, beware for the rye gives it its fangs. There is sweet chocolately goodness throughout the drink with the rye making its presence felt near the end.
2oz bourbon (Makers Mark)
1oz fresh lemon juice
.5oz creme de cassis
.5oz simple syrup
1 dash Angostura bitters
Shake all ingredients in an ice filled cocktail shaker and pour over cracked ice. Garnish with a lemon wheel or lemon wedge whichever works for you
This drink was sweet, fruity, tart with a faint hint of spice. The bourbon is evident throughout and complemented by the spiciness of the Angostura. Next time I will up the bitters to 2 or 3 dashes to add a heavier spice note.
In the process of making this drink I noticed that I still had some hibiscus simple syrup in the fridge. I made a second drink and replaced the simple syrup with the hibiscus. I found that this creates a softer drink with the floral notes of the hibiscus pairing well with the cassis and toning down some of the bourbon flavors. I garnished it with a lemon wheel and an edible hibiscus flower. Hibiscus flowers taste like a combination of sweet raspberry and tart cranberry.


ITWissen.info - Tech know how online
noise factor (F)
The noise factor (F) is a dimensionless characteristic of radio systems, low-noise amplifiers( LNA), active analog circuits, mixing circuits, receiving systems, and of operational and differential amplifiers.
The noise factor is defined as the ratio of two noise powers at the output of an active quadrupole: The noise power without input signal, to the amplified noise power resulting from the input noise and present at the output of the quadripole. Here, the input noise is amplified by the amplifier's gain factor.
The noise factor (F) and the noise figure( NF) are directly related. The noise figure is calculated from the tenfold logarithm of the noise factor.
Informations:
Englisch: noise factor - F
Updated at: 27.05.2019
#Words: 105
Links: noise (N), low noise amplifier (LNA), active, analog, noise power (Np)
Translations: DE
Sharing:
All rights reserved DATACOM Buchverlag GmbH © 2023


text:
A Story from Colorado
- In 2003 and again in 2004, the Colorado legislature drastically reduced Master Settlement Agreement funding for the State Tobacco Education and Prevention Partnership (STEPP) within the Colorado Department of Public Health.
- Based on CDC's Best Practices funding recommendations, Colorado should be spending a minimum of $24.5 million a year on its comprehensive tobacco control program. In 2004, the state spent $4.3 million a year on tobacco prevention and control.
- Prior to November 2004, Colorado's 20-cent cigarette excise tax was one of the lowest in the nation. The state cigarette tax had last been raised in 1986.
- A coalition called Citizens for a Healthier Colorado was formed to work toward passage of Amendment 35: Tobacco Tax Increase for Health–Related Purposes.
WHAT did Citizens for a Healthier Colorado want?
- To raise the cigarette excise tax from 20 cents to 84 cents and the excise tax on other tobacco products from 20% to 40% of the manufacturer's list price.
- To earmark revenues from the tax increases for tobacco use prevention and treatment: for the expansion of health care for low–income Coloradans: and for the prevention, early detection, and treatment of cancer and heart and lung disease.
WHO could give this to them?
- Voters (the Colorado constitution requires all tax increases to be voted directly by the people)
- Legislature (to appropriate funds when the referendum passed)
WHAT did voters and legislators need to hear?
- A health care crisis existed in Colorado, and tobacco excise tax revenues could be used to address this crisis.
- Funds would be used to address health issues such as cancer and heart and lung diseases.
- Higher taxes would prevent many young people from starting to smoke.
- The money would be protected by the state constitution and could not be reallocated for other purposes without a vote by the people.
- Colorado had one of the lowest cigarette excise taxes in the nation.
- The promise made to the voters needed to be kept by appropriating funding for the initiative.
- The bill was comprehensive and would address not only tobacco prevention and control but also the prevention, early detection, and treatment of cancer and heart and lung disease.
From WHOM did the voters and legislators and heart and lung disease. need to hear these messages?
- Voluntary health organizations such as the American Heart Association, the American Lung Association, and the American Cancer Society.
- The Children's Hospital and other health care groups.
- Doctors and patients affected by cancer and heart disease.
- Co–chairs of the Citizens for a Healthier Colorado Campaign— Barbara O'Brien from the Colorado Children's Campaign and Al Yates, president emeritus of Colorado State University. These were two well–respected and prominent professionals who were able to gather broad support for the effort.
HOW did Citizens for a Healthier Colorado get Higher taxes would prevent many young people from voters to hear their messages?
- Advertising on television and radio and through direct mail.
- A total of $2.1 million was raised for the campaign, almost $1 million of which went toward an extensive television advertising effort.
WHAT did Citizens for a Healthier Colorado and the State Tobacco Education and Prevention Partnership get?
- A 64–cent–per–pack increase in the state cigarette excise tax.
- An excise tax of 40% of the manufacturer's list price on non–cigarette products.
- Overwhelming support for the excise tax increase as indicated by the large majority who voted in favor of the ballot initiative.
- Both the tax increase and the proposed use of funds are part of the Colorado constitution thus preventing reallocation of revenues without a vote of the people.
- Earmarked revenues to go toward health initiatives such as the expansion of Medicaid Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) and Community Health Centers, and include at least $25 million (16% of expected revenue) each year for tobacco prevention and treatment. This brings Colorado to the CDC–recommended minimum funding level for its comprehensive tobacco control program.
Get email updates
To receive email updates about Smoking & Tobacco Use, enter your email address:
- CDC/Office on Smoking and Health
4770 Buford Highway
Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3717
TTY: _PHONE_


text:
Immigration in the census
The 1901 Census Report noted that 'the highest proportion
of Foreigners to the total population was in London, where
it reached 30 per 1,000. It should be noted, however, that
although these Foreigners were scattered throughout the
Metropolis, a very large proportion, equal to 40% of the
whole, were enumerated in the Borough of Stepney' (east
London). Only 13 towns or cities had a foreign population
of more than 1%. These included Manchester (2.2%), Tynemouth
(also 2.2%), Cardiff, South Shields, Leeds, Grimsby, Hull,
Liverpool, Swansea and Bournemouth.
Follow this link to east
London in the census.


Skip to content
Compilation Key Metrics to Share
Commands for Compilation (cheat sheet)
This training manual (cheat sheet) will make use of Neocortex resources. If you forget your Neocortex authentication credentials, please visit the PSC Password Change Utility webpage.
Please connect to Neocortex by SSH-ing into the system using the following command:
ssh _EMAIL_
Change your current group to your Neocortex project group. This will be very important if you happen to have access to different projects on Neocortex, so you are charging the resource usage to the correct project. Choose the relevant group from the list shown by this command, from the "Project" field.
projects | grep -A 2 Project
Choose the relevant group from the list shown by this command, from the "Project" field.
projects | grep -A 2 Project
We will set the group name "cis210015p" as an example (set it in lowercase):
newgrp cis210015p
Start an interactive session on Neocortex using the group name you just identified:
interact --account cis210015p -n 14
Where
 - --account: is project allocation id to use.
 - --mem: is the amount of memory being allocated for the job.
 - -n: is the number of tasks to be started for this job. It will reserve about 256GB of RAM for the job this way.
Set the following variables. These are going to be used for easily referring to the directories to use during the training.
export CEREBRAS_DIR=/ocean/neocortex/cerebras
This CEREBRAS_DIR folder contains two main directories of interest:
 - modelzoo: it contains the code for the models.
 - data: it contains the input data for the models.
Copy the model zoo dir to your folder inside the Cerebras scratch space. Please make sure to have changed to the correct group by using the newgrp command, else it will be copied somewhere else or you might get a permission error.
For the latest version:
rsync -PaL --chmod u+w $CEREBRAS_DIR/modelzoo $PROJECT/
Start the container with the development environment.
For the latest version:
singularity shell --bind $PROJECT,$CEREBRAS_DIR/data:/data $CEREBRAS_DIR/cbcore_latest.sif
Where
 - --bind $DATA_DIR:/data: will mount the DATA_DIR (with ogb/ tfds/ wikitext-103/ ) on "/data" inside the container.
 - cbcore-latest.sif: is the latest version of the container made available by Cerebras.
TensorFlow
Change dirs into the modelzoo dir, navigate to the MNIST TF code. The contents of this folder should be "configs/ data.py model.py README.md run.py utils.py"
cd $PROJECT/modelzoo/fc_mnist/tf
Run compile in lightweight validation mode
python run.py --mode train --validate_only --params configs/params.yaml
Run compile in full compilation mode
python run.py --mode train --compile_only --params configs/params.yaml
The ratio of utilized components. Theoretical peak throughput. Grep the "total_utilization" from the JSON file:
grep -o '"total_utilization":[0-9\.]*' model_dir/*/plan.json
When the pipeline is fully loaded, it will process the model using these many cycles.
grep -o '"estimated_deltat":[0-9\.]*' model_dir/*/deltat_estimate.json
 # "estimated_deltat": **674**,
PyTorch
Navigate into the modelzoo directory to where the MNIST PyTorch codes are located.
cd $PROJECT/modelzoo/fc_mnist/pytorch
python-pt run.py --mode train --validate_only --params configs/params.yaml
To run full compilation mode:
For the latest version:
python-pt run.py --mode train --compile_only --params configs/params.yaml
The ratio of utilized components is the theoretical peak throughput. Grep the "total_utilization" from the JSON file:
For the latest version:
grep -o '"total_utilization":[0-9\.]*' model_dir/*/plan.json
Example. This means 5.8% of the WSE2 chip is going to be used for running this code:
"total_utilization": 0.0588006479419213
When the pipeline is fully loaded, it will process the model using the number of cycles as the value returned by estimated_deltat.
For the latest version:
grep -o '"estimated_deltat":[0-9\.]*' model_dir/*/deltat_estimate.json
Example. This means a total of 674 cycles are estimated to be required for the WSE2 to process one sample:
"estimated_deltat": 674
Additional notes for generating the key metrics
You need to be located in the same directory in which you compile your code with python run.py [...], as shown in the "Reference Compilation for the CS-2 Commands section". For the example instructions, that would be $PROJECT/modelzoo/fc_mnist/tf.
 1. Get the ratio of utilized components, that is, the theoretical peak usage from the total WSE2 in the CS-2.
 2. Get the total number of cycles per sample: when the pipeline is fully loaded, it will process the model using these many cycles.
 3. Size of the input dataset: how big is the total set of files for the dataset?
 - For example: 1GB composed of 1024 individual files.
 4. Size of each dataset sample to be processed: what is the size of each of the dataset samples that integrate the complete dataset.
 - For the same example, if there are 1024 individual files for a total of 1GB, the sample size is 1MB. (1024MB / 1024 files) = 1MB.
 5. What is the maximum expected batch size to use?
 - This value depends on the dataset you are using.
GitHub Repository URLs
Common Errors
 - FATAL: could not open image /path/to/cbcore-latest.sif
 - Make sure you are pointing to the correct container location. The full path is "/ocean/neocortex/cerebras/cbcore-latest.sif"
 - srun: error: Unable to allocate resources: Invalid qos specification
 - This will usually happen when the project allocation id in Neocortex has not been specified, or a different one (the default one) was used. For this not to happen, make sure to add the "--account cis210012p" to the interact command, or to set your primary group with "newgrp cis210012p".
 - 404 Error when accessing the GitHub Cerebras/modelzoo repository.
 - Please make sure you are logged in into GitHub. If you are already logged in and it doesn't work, please check your email and make sure to accept the invite to join the repository. If you have not gotten an invite, please let us know by emailing us.
 - Can't login to Neocortex.psc.edu
 - Please make sure you are using the correct username. If needed, please visit the PSC web password change site: _URL_
 - Permission denied error when trying to copy the code from the $CEREBRAS_DIR location.
 - Make sure your primary group is set correctly. You can check that by running the "groups" command and checking that "cis210012p" is showing first on the left. If it's not showing in the first position, run the following command: "newgrp cis210012p". If it's not showing at all, please make sure you logged in using the correct account, or email us if everything looks good on your end.
 - Warning! ***HDF5 library version mismatched error***
 - Please make sure you are trying to run the code using the software environment inside the container and that you are not using any other external software stacks, such as an external module or Conda environment.
 - Can't login to the Neocortex portal page.
 - Please make sure that you are using your PSC Neocortex credentials. If you are still getting authentication errors but your account is new, please try again the next day since the initial process takes a while to be reflected all throughout Neocortex; if you have been using your Neocortex account for some days now but the Neocortex Portal login doesn't work, please email us.


, they look about [the equivalent of] 25-30" (its hard to tell precise age).
share|improve this answer
If you want an age range between 0 and 100 use this system. First determine your base age by rolling a d6: (D6 result of 1: Base age is 10, D6 result of 2: Base age is 20, D6 result of 3: Base age is 30, D6 result of 4: Base age is 50, D6 result of 5: Base age is 70, D6 result of 6: Base age is 90)
Then, roll 2d6-2 and write that number down somewhere as the age modifier.
Then, roll another d6 (or flip a coin). On a result of 1-3 (heads) add the age modifier to your base age and on a result of 4-6 (tails) subtract it. The final result is your character's age.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
- Area teachers spend summer in TTU engineering labs to help high school students
- To learn more about RETainUS and from teachers and faculty, watch this YouTube video.
- A Summer of Teaching, Learning / Teachers Get Into the Lab
Teacher ParticipantsJoe is a science teacher at Cookeville High School in Putnam County. His faculty mentor was Dr. Ying Zhang and together they researched the method and apparatus used for creep testing of ferritic-martensitic steel. This steel, with 9% chromium material, is thinner which helps reduce the fatigue associated with extreme heating and cooling associated with power generating plants. Joe compared the results of different testing methods to ascertain which apparatus would produce the most consistent results when performing a creep-rupture test.
The Legacy Cycle Joe developed from this work will ask students to research tests that are associated with metal creep, stress, and strain. Then the students will design tests to measure these qualities in a common household metal – aluminum foil. Finally, students will design a product that can be made from recycled aluminum and engineer the process for its recycling.
At least 8 of Tennessee State Standards will be met with this curriculum.Angela McCulley is a science teacher at White County High School. She worked with mentor Dr. Holly Stretz, Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering at Tennessee Tech. Angela's research concerned the procedure for successfully synthesizing nanorods with a high aspect ratio. Nanorods add strength when added to electrophoresis hydrogels for medical diagnostics.
The Legacy Cycle Angela developed will ask her students to choose among different brands of sunscreen. One criterion of comparison will be the nanoparticles of each brand. The students will design their own decision-making system for comparison and selection of the optimal sunscreen. With money provided by the grant, Angela is purchasing classroom equipment for hands-on demonstration of electrophoresis. Once the students have selected their sunscreen, they will create marketing materials on its properties and the reasons why consumers should buy it.
At least six Tennessee Curriculum Standards are met with this legacy module.
Josh Price is a Science teacher at Clay County High School in Celina, Tennessee. He mentored with Dr. Ying Zhang, Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering. Josh analyzed high-temperature coatings on the microstructure and composition of nickel-based superalloys. Specifically, his work concerned the pack cement method of applying diffusion coatings to metals to make them more heat and corrosion resistant.
The Legacy Cycle that Josh developed from his research posits a situation for his students in which they are FAA investigators called into the scene of an airliner crash. Their assignment is to research and analyze the type of metal used in the engine and research processes that will help those metals better withstand the high ambient temperatures of the engine. Elements of this curriculum are conducting an electroplating activity in the lab, and optionally presenting the results of their accident investigation at a science fair.
Josh's legacy cycle meets 19 of the Tennessee Curriculum Standards Course Level Expectations and Checks for Understanding.
Bridget Pugh is a Science teacher at Monterey High School in Putnam County. She mentored with Dr. Holly Stretz, an Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering at TTU. Bridget's research with Dr. Stretz focused on polymer hydrogels which have many uses in the field of medical and bio-technology. The research question was: 1) How strong are the gels? and 2) Do gold nanoparticles affect specific properties of the gels? During her research, Bridget designed and had built an apparatus to better test tensile strength. This apparatus will be incorporated into her classroom legacy cycle.
This teacher developed two separate legacy cycles, one each for her physics and chemistry classrooms. Her physics students will be asked to determine the strength of several known polymers. The students must research polymers, methods of measurement, and design a means of measuring strength. The chemistry students are asked to identify products in their everyday lives that contain polymers and record the types. The students will utilize this information to invent and describe a new product that is currently not on the market that includes their polymer's strengths.
These curricula meet many of the Tennessee State Curriculum Standards.
Virginia Mayfield participated in the "pilot" RET program in 2008 and found it to be so useful in her classroom that she applied to the 2009 program as well. Virginia teaches mathematics at Monterey High School in Putnam County. Dr. Kenneth Currie, Professor of Industrial and Systems Engineering, mentored this teacher in researching a more "holistic" approach to cellular manufacturing. Virginia applied a bond energy and a genetic algorithm to determine a method of reducing part manufacturing costs based on shared part features and shared machines.
The Legacy Cycle derived from Virginia's research asks the students to assume the job of an industrial engineer in charge of scheduling shipments for a motor manufacturer. The task is to calculate the composition of the shipment of two different types of motors to ensure the truck is filled to capacity. Two additional and increasingly complex challenge questions are built from this initial scenario.
Five Algebra II Curriculum Standards are met with this legacy cycle.
Robert Sircy is an in-service teacher completing his education degree at Tennessee Tech University. Robert was paired with mentor Dr. Cynthia Rice-York, an Assistant Professor in Chemical Engineering at Tennessee Tech University. His research concerned characteristics of membranes of fuel cells and how to reduce the amount of methanol that crosses the nafion membrane. Current methanol fuel cells are inefficient and if we can improve upon them, doors are opened to use fuel cells in many different conditions.
The Legacy Cycle that Robert developed from his fuel cell research places his students into a hypothetical R&D department of a large polymer production company, designing the optimal polymer for their client's needs. The students will learn about fuel cells and manipulate their variables with a hands-on laboratory using miniature fuel cell cars. They will be asked to determine how many protons a Nafion membrane can hold, using multiple perspectives and approaches to the question. The students will have an opportunity to test their own membrane in the lab and will write a sales publication to advertise their product.
The classroom applications of this legacy cycle include chemical reactions, reaction rates, thermodynamics, and energy transfer.
Rachel Sparkman is a science teacher who mentored with Dr. Joseph Biernacki in the Chemical Engineering Dept at TTU. Rachel's research was a chemical analysis using fast pyrolysis of biomass. This process evaluates its potential as a feed stock for production of bio-oil, with similar characteristics to crude petroleum. Preliminary results suggest the three main types of carbon compounds that make up fescue are cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin.
The Legacy Cycle that Rachel developed asks her students to imagine they are on an island with a boat that is out of fuel. They are tasked with finding a fuel source using only resources from the island. Students will be learning about combustion of carbon compounds, exploring heat, and alternate fuels. After selecting their fuel, the students must describe a method of harnessing the energy from the fuel source.
This classroom module meets most course level expectations, checks for understanding, and state performance indicators for physical science: 1) embedded technology and engineering and 2) matter.
Cynthia Stowers teaches mathematics at Clarkrange High School in Fentress County. Cynthia mentored with Dr. Cynthia Rice-York, an Assistant Professor in Chemical Engineering at Tech, on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.
Cynthia's Legacy Cycle will use fuel cell technology to teach the complex number system. Her challenge for her students is, "What characteristics of fuel cells are measured by researchers in determining the efficiency of using fuel cells?" The main focus is the research and study of fuel cells, using real data to plot points on the complex plane, then to build a fuel car and race!
This curriculum module covers twelve course-level expectations, six state performance indicators, and twelve checks for understanding. The standards span mathematical processes, numbers, and operations and algebra.
Lynne Thurber is a science teacher at Cookeville High School in Putnam County. She mentored with Dr. Joseph Biernacki, a Professor of Chemical Engineering at Tennessee Tech. Her work analyzed the hydration of Portland cement, specifically the dynamics of the products calcium hydroxide and silicate. Studying the formation of these products is helpful in understanding the reaction mechanism and kinetics of cement hydration. Lynne's research suggests that reacting solutions of Portland cement do not reach calcium hydroxide saturation levels, possibly due to an interfering process or reverse reactions. Other trials indicate that calcium hydroxide is not stable in the reaction vessel, possibly due to side reactions.
The Legacy Cycle that Lynne developed asks her students to imagine they have been hired to make concrete tiles for a countertop, with the requirements that the tiles are strong and attractive. She asks the students to determine how they will make the tiles and how they can determine the tiles' strength. During this cycle, the students will participate in a hands-on lab, actually making concrete and pouring the mixture into molds to make tiles. The students will design a strength-testing method and carry out the test. Their tiles will then be judged for strength and appearance. This legacy cycle meets several course level expectations and checks for understanding in both physical world concepts and chemistry.


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Scottsdale Irrigation Scheme
The Scottsdale Irrigation Scheme delivers a new dam, a mini hydro power station and a water distribution network with 92km of pipelines.
The project is helping build resilience to drought for northern Tasmanian producers and will allow for more higher-value irrigation agriculture and dairy. It has the potential to increase irrigation by an additional 13,000 hectares.
The $57.3 million project was jointly funded by the Australian Government ($25.3 million) and the Tasmanian Government and State partners ($32 million).
Australian Government funding was provided through the National Water Infrastructure Development Fund.
Construction was completed late 2020.


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to modify the values of the layout packet. The following abbreviations are used in the formulae below:
- disp_h: Display Height, from main header packet
- disp_w: Display Width, from main header packet
- l_h: Luma height, from data layout packet
- l_w: Luma width, from data layout packet
- c_h: Chroma height, from data layout packet
- c_w: Chroma width, from data layout packet
- Layout ID: 0x32315659
l_h = (disp_h + 1) & ~1 l_w = (disp_w + 1) & ~1 c_h = l_h / 2 c_w = l_w / 2 a_offset = 0 yr_offset = 0 ug_offset = l_h * l_w + c_h * c_w vb_offset = l_h * l_w a_y_stride = 0 yr_y_stride = l_w ug_y_stride = c_w vb_y_stride = c_w a_x_stride = 0 yr_x_stride = 1 ug_x_stride = 1 vb_x_stride = 1
- Layout ID: 0x32595559
l_h = disp_h l_w = (disp_w + 1) & ~1 c_h = l_h c_w = l_w / 2 a_offset = 0 yr_offset = 0 ug_offset = 1 vb_offset = 3 a_y_stride = 0 yr_y_stride = l_w * 2 ug_y_stride = l_w * 2 vb_y_stride = l_w * 2 a_x_stride = 0 yr_x_stride = 2 ug_x_stride = 4 vb_x_stride = 4
- Layout ID: 0x80808081
l_h = disp_h l_w = disp_w c_h = disp_h c_w = disp_w a_offset = 0 yr_offset = 2 + (disp_h-1) * -yr_y_stride ug_offset = 1 + (disp_h-1) * -yr_y_stride vb_offset = 0 + (disp_h-1) * -yr_y_stride a_y_stride = 0 yr_y_stride = -1 * (((disp_w*3)+3) & ~1) ug_y_stride = -1 * (((disp_w*3)+3) & ~1) vb_y_stride = -1 * (((disp_w*3)+3) & ~1) a_x_stride = 0 yr_x_stride = 3 ug_x_stride = 3 vb_x_stride = 3
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Background: Diagnostic errors are the leading basis for malpractice claims in primary care, yet these errors are underidentified and understudied. Computerized methods used to screen for other types of errors (eg, medication related) have not been applied to diagnostic errors. Our objectives were to assess the feasibility of computerized screening to identify diagnostic errors in primary care and to categorize diagnostic breakdowns using a recently published taxonomy.
Methods: We used an algorithm to screen the electronic medical records of patients at a single hospital that is part of a closed health care system. A Structured Query Language-based program detected the presence of 1 of 2 mutually exclusive electronic screening criteria: screen 1, a primary care visit (index visit) followed by a hospitalization in the next 10 days; or screen 2, an index visit followed by 1 or more primary care, urgent care, or emergency department visits within 10 days. Two independent, blinded reviewers determined the presence or absence of diagnostic error through medical record review of visits with positive and negative screening results.
Results: Among screen 1 and 2 positive visits, 16.1% and 9.4%, respectively, were associated with a diagnostic error. The error rate was 4% in control cases that met neither screening criterion. The most common primary errors in the diagnostic process were failure or delay in eliciting information and misinterpretation or suboptimal weighing of critical pieces of data from the history and physical examination. The most common secondary errors were suboptimal weighing or prioritizing of diagnostic probabilities and failure to recognize urgency of illness or its complications.
Conclusions: Electronic screening has potential to identify records that may contain diagnostic errors in primary care, and its performance is comparable to screening tools for other types of errors. Future studies that validate these findings in other settings could provide improvement initiatives in this area.


RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Sequestration and recycling of beta 2-adrenergic receptors permit receptor resensitization. JF Molecular Pharmacology JO Mol Pharmacol FD American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics SP 666 OP 676 VO 47 IS 4 A1 S Pippig A1 S Andexinger A1 M J Lohse YR 1995 UL _URL_ AB Stimulation of beta 2-adrenergic receptors in intact cells causes, first, rapid functional uncoupling from Gs, which is triggered by receptor phosphorylation, and, second, somewhat slower sequestration of the receptors to an internal compartment. The present study addresses a possible role of sequestration in the resensitization of desensitized beta 2-adrenergic receptors in human A431 cells. Exposure of these cells to isoproterenol caused rapid phosphorylation, desensitization (as assessed in adenylyl cyclase assays), and sequestration of the receptors. Subsequent removal of the agonist led to recycling of the receptors to the cell surface, dephosphorylation, and restoration of receptor function. These effects occurred without any change in the total receptor number. The rate constant of agonist-induced sequestration was 0.03/min; the rate constant of receptor recycling was 0.06/min and was not markedly altered by the presence of agonist. Blockade of sequestration with concanavalin A or 0.6 M sucrose prevented receptor dephosphorylation as well as receptor resensitization. Inhibition of protein phosphatases with calyculin A caused a similar blockade of beta 2-adrenergic receptor resensitization; the effects of maximally effective concentrations of concanavalin A and calyculin A were not additive. Monensin impaired recycling of desensitized beta 2-adrenergic receptors to the cell surface and also prevented receptor resensitization. We conclude that sequestration of beta 2-adrenergic receptors, followed by dephosphorylation and recycling to the cell surface, may serve to restore the function of desensitized receptors.


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The immediate extraction and display of insect flight trajectories from infra-red remote sensor signals
The increasing need to study insect flight behaviour in the natural environment has led to the development of a relatively inex- pensive remote sensing instrument (IRADIT) . Flying insects dfferentay iumjmted, under a light cmations, in a intense ba of pulsed near infra-red radiation and detected using a gated image intensifier - CIV system at a rate of 5OHz. This thesis details the methods employed for extracting insect oo-ordinates from the' CI video signals, 'using low~oost electronic circuits ad micro computer (Apple II+) , and for the immediate analysis and display of two-dimensional insect flight trajectories, whilst rejecting environmental and system noise. Flight trajectories are often dominated by the immediate local wind. A new low-cost sensitive three dimensional digital anemometer system hs be developed for use with the IRADIT system, providing the data required to allow the vector wind to b immediately subtracted and interesting aspects of flight behaviour to b revealed. The IRADIT - Anemometer system ws tested i the field, on insects above wheat. _ Small insects with membzßanous wing areas as small as 5mm2 were readily detected and tracked over distances of the order of l at ranges up t 15m against a mid-day sky background. Subse- quent computer analysis of stored insect track and wind data oonfirmed that the effects of immediate local wind cn b smdied or canoelled out. Examples of insect flight behaviour are described. The relatively low cost of the IRADIT system and the practical features in its design result in a powerful new tool for use by the field entomologist.


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Why are Carbide Rods So Popular?
Why are carbide rods So Popular?
The tungsten carbide rods are used in making high-quality carbide cutting tools for the machining of heat-resistant alloys, such as end mills, drills, and reamers. They can withstand high compressive stresses imposed during cutting, as well as have good wear and oxidation resistance at the high temperatures reached.
1. Cemented carbide rods/round bars with coolant holes for milling have various dimensions, blanks, or finished, and many different grades with different applications for customer selections.
2. Good wear resistance, higher toughness, high precision, better deformation, and fracture resistance
3. Advanced automatic extrusion equipment to produce
4. HIP sintering and precision grinding to ensure good performance
5. Both blank and finished conditions are available
6. Can reach a mirror effect surface after accurate grinding and polishing
With the surging demand, the ultra-fine tungsten carbide rod has been more and more widely used. In the field of high-speed cutting, due to the high standard, security, reliability, and durability, solid carbide cutting tools have strict requirements of quality in the inner and surface. With the unceasing enhancement of the inner and surface of the tungsten carbide, more and more attention are paid to the quality of the surface of carbide cutting tools.
Our country offers a huge variety of solid carbide cutting tools such as milling cutting tools, drilling bits, and plug gauges with tungsten carbide rods. There are many materials to choose from. The highest hardness can reach 94.5 (HRA) for processing a variety of difficult processing materials such as titanium alloy. At the same time, our country can provide a variety of blunt needles, and punch with carbide rods. You can see that the carbide rod has been used widely and the market prospect is very considerable. In the face of increasing demand for tungsten carbide rods, traditional detection methods can not be fast, accurate, and effective. So many manufacturers have an urgent demand for automatic testing equipment.
ZZBETTER manufactures tungsten carbide rods with 100% virgin material, advanced sintering furnaces, high-precision grind machines, high stability, and high performance guaranteed.


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EU boosts its cooperation on sustainable energy with developing countries
BRUSSELS, Kingdom of Belgium, September 22, 2014/African Press Organization (APO)/ -- European Commission President José Manuel Barroso will tomorrow co-sign joint declarations in New York to reinforce energy cooperation with five African countries: Cabo Verde, Côte d'Ivoire, Liberia, Togo and Rwanda. These agreements will aim to increase access to sustainable energy sources, even in rural areas where the needs are the greatest.
In order to achieve this also on a global scale, the EU plans to allocate more than 3.3 billion euro worth of grants in the 2014-2020 financial period to support sustainable energy projects all over the world. Around 2 billion euro will be dedicated to African countries.
Ahead of the signing, President Barroso said: "Sustainable energy is essential for fuelling growth and development. Two years ago, at the EU Sustainable Energy for All Summit in Brussels, I therefore proposed the ambitious target of helping developing countries to provide access to sustainable energy services to 500 million people by 2030. I am delighted that we are now joining forces with European and African countries that have decided to take the lead in the fight against energy poverty."
European Development Commissioner, Andris Piebalgs, added: "Without energy, factories cannot function, schools cannot be lighted up and families cannot cook, and this is a situation that many people are still facing today. But it is equally important that sustainable energy sources are promoted first and foremost. These declarations are a clear sign of the political commitment of all co-signatories that we want to work together and achieve faster progress in ensuring access to sustainable energy for all."
A key goal of the agreements is to engage with the private sector to improve the conditions for investment and funding, and therefore increase access to sustainable energy or the production of sustainable, reliable and cost effective electricity. For this to be truly effective, the governments of our partner countries and the EU will work together on bringing forward sustainable energy projects.
President Barroso and Commissioner Piebalgs are currently in New York for the UN General Assembly, to attend, among other key international meetings, the Climate Change Summit. Tomorrow, President Barroso will also address the Assembly's High Level Session on renewable energy and energy efficiency. Development topics of the General Assembly will include negotiations of the post-2015 development agenda, the preparations for a Conference on Financing for Development as well as the process under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change for reaching a global agreement on climate change in 2015.
Tomorrow's agreements will also aim to strengthen the political ties between energy policy commitments of signatory countries and the financial support by the EU and other co-signing donors. The following European countries will equally co-sign the joint declarations:
- Cabo Verde: Austria, Luxembourg, Spain and Portugal
- Ivory Coast: France
- Liberia: Norway
EU energy funding in development and cooperation
For the period 2014-2020 about 30 developing countries have chosen energy as a focal sector for their cooperation with the EU. In addition, other countries will also receive substantial allocations in the field of energy where this has not been defined as a focal sector. In total, around €3.3 billion will be dedicated to supporting sustainable energy in the EU's partner countries around the globe, through bilateral and regional cooperation. This is expected to leverage between €15 and €30 billion in loans and equity investment to fill gaps in energy infrastructure and power businesses, schools, homes and hospitals.
Some examples of ongoing EU work on energy
EU blending facilities: The EU supports the Lake Turkana Wind Power project with €25 million under the EU-Africa Infrastructure Trust Fund. This will result in the construction of a 310 MW wind farm in Kenya and unlock a total investment cost of €625 million. The project will reduce the country's import dependency and season-sensitive hydropower production, increase energy security and improve economic activities in remote areas.
Rural Electrification: An EU funded €2 million project in Liberia, implemented by Save the Children, installs solar panels in all public health facilities that have no electricity to provide light and power radios. The project will reach around 1.5 million beneficiaries, mainly women and children in rural areas in a country of 3.5 million people.
Building alliances: The EU and New Zealand have created a partnership that supports concrete projects in the Pacific. For instance, with a new hydropower plant with a capacity of less than 1 MW has a positive impact on the lives of 188 000 people in Samoa.


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TIA Portal Programming 2 (TIA-PRO2)
All Siemens training programmes are subsidised by Industry 4 Skillnet funds and provided with a discount. To avail of this offer contact us below.
- Tools for program creation (e.g. structograms)
- Analogue value processing
- Functions, function blocks, and multi-instances using the IEC-compliant timer/counter as an example (International Electrotechnical Commission)
- Jump commands
- Indirect addressing
- Classical software error handling and evaluation with error organisation blocks (OBs)
- Evaluation of diagnostic data
- Troubleshooting and alarms with a HMI device (Touchpanel)
- Introduction into Axis Control by means of a Technology Object, Structured Control Language (SCL), S7-GRAPH and statement lists (STL)
- Deeper understanding of contents through practical exercises on TIA system model
Find out how a free membership to the Industry 4.0 Skillnet network can save you up to 30% on this programme.
Who Should Attend
- SIMATIC S7 knowledge equivalent to the Siemens TIA-PRO1 course.
- You can use the online tests below to find out whether you have sufficient prior knowledge to participate effectively in the course you wish to attend. If you answer more than 70 % of the questions correctly you are well prepared to take part in the course.
- Understand the interaction of the TIA components
- Apply classical program development methods
- Solve comprehensive programming tasks
- Program advanced functions such as indirect addressing in Structured Control Language (SCL)
- Implement data administration with the SIMATIC S7 automation system
- Apply system blocks along with blocks from the standard STEP 7 library
- Understand the fundamental differences between optimised access and non-optimised block access
- Program software error handling and evaluation
- Configure alarms of the operator control and monitoring system (HMI)
- Configure TIA system components consisting of SIMATIC S7, HMI, remote IO, and a Sinamics G120
- Please ensure you set-up an appropriate working area.
- Provision of laptop/desktop PC. An external monitor is recommended.
- Provision of audio & visual equipment (microphone/speakers/headset. Camera would be an advantage but not a necessity).
- Ensure local Wi-Fi access.
- Registration for MyTraining account for access to course materials will be arranged by Industry4.0 Skillnet.
- MS Teams can be accessed through a browser session from the MS Teams course invite, please use the email you have used to register for the course. The MS Teams desktop app can be installed, please use your course registered email address to access the meeting invite.
- Install Chrome Remote Desktop using _EMAIL_ address and the password supplied to you for this course.


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The legs, church windows or tears of wine. Many a wine drinker and scientist have swirled the wine through their glass and watched this phenomenon with amazement. What causes the tears? And what do they say about the wine? For a long time, science has not been able to explain exactly how the tears come about, but surface tension, temperature, ridge instability and shock waves (!) seem to give the long-expected complete answer.
Wine is primarily a mixture of water and alcohol. In a wine glass, due to capillary action, the wine crawls up slightly at the side of the glass. The bend wine surface that is formed is called the meniscus (see figure below). The alcohol evaporates faster in the meniscus than in the rest of the glass. This is because the meniscus has a larger surface area in proportion to the volume underneath. As a result, the wine in the meniscus contains less alcohol and relatively much water compared to the wine in the rest of the glass. Water has a higher surface tension than alcohol and therefore "pulls" harder on the surrounding liquid. The gradient that arises from the high-alcohol wine in the glass to low-alcohol wine in the meniscus causes a difference in surface tension. The higher surface tension of the watery wine in the meniscus makes that more wine is pulled up from the glass, resulting in a film layer of wine on the side of the glass.
In 1865 the Italian physicist Carlo Marangoni described this effect in his thesis, and a few years later Josiah Willard Gibbs gave a theoretical thermodynamic description in several articles entitled "On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances". Since then, the formation of the film layer of wine on the side of a wine glass has been known as the Marangoni-Gibbs effect.
The formation of a wine film layer on the side of a wine glass due to the Marangoni-Gibbs effect. The evaporation of alcohol provides a gradient in the surface tension (λ), and a gradient in the temperature (T) of the film layer on the wall of the glass. The tears of the wine form under the influence of gravity on the ridge of the film layer.
Recent research shows that the Marangoni-Gibbs effect can not only be attributed to the evaporation of the alcohol and the difference in surface tension that arises. Venerus et al. showed in 2015 that the evaporation of the alcohol also causes the wine in the film layer to cool down. The importance of this temperature difference for the Marangoni effect has always been overlooked.
The resulting temperature gradient in the film layer causes the wine to "flow". Just like the warm Gulf Stream that brings warm sea water from the Gulf of Mexico to the northern part of the Atlantic. Similarly, the temperature gradient in the film layer ensures that wine flows up the side of the glass. As such, the temperature difference contributes to the Marangoni-Gibbs effect. The flow rate of the wine in the film layer is therefore dependent on the gradient in surface tension AND the temperature gradient, and both are caused by the evaporation of alcohol1.
Infrared photo of the tears of wine. The color scale indicates the temperature of the film layer of wine on the glass. The white arrow indicates the direction of the flow of the wine caused by the Marangoni-Gibbs effect.
Adapted from Venerus, 2015 via CC BY 4.0
This information further clarifies the Marangoni-Gibbs effect, and explains how it is that wine flows up against the side of the glass. But what makes the wine drip down again? Gravity? Yes, but that is a very simplistic representation of reality. How is it that wine specifically forms drops at regular intervals that as tears flow back into the glass?
The ridge, on top of the film layer, falls apart into tears under the influence of gravity. In a 2018 study, Nikolov and his colleagues show that the way in which the ridge of the film layer falls apart corresponds to the theory of the Plateau-Rayleigh-Taylor instability2. This is a mathematical description of the instability that occurs when a liquid with a light density pushes against a liquid with a higher density. In the case of our wine film layer, the film layer is the liquid with a light density that pushes against the wine that forms the ridge and has a higher density. At a certain point the downward pull of gravity on the heavy liquid (that is pulled down more than the light liquid) outweighs the upward force of the light liquid. The heavier liquid breaks through the barrier created by the upward flow of the light fluid and forms tears that stream into the glass. The ridge stability is therefore a balance between gravity and the upward pressure of the light liquid.
A simplistic representation of the Plateau-Rayleigh-Taylor instability on the basis of which the wine tears form according to Nikolov et al.. The ridge of the film layer (dark red) has a higher density than the film layer (light red) that under the influence of the Marangoni effect is formed and flows up.
However, the last question that remains is: what makes that the film layer has two different densities, creating a ridge that falls apart into tears?
The film layer is created by the Marangoni effect, and the tears are caused by the instability of the ridge of the film layer. But how is it possible that this ridge is created at the top of the film layer? According to Dukler et al. of the University of California, a shock wave through the film layer causes the formation of the ridge and the subsequent tears3. A "reverse undercompressive shockwave", that is. Dukler and his colleagues have developed a theoretical model that shows how this shock wave (in theory) arises from the evaporation of alcohol in the film layer and moves from the meniscus to the ridge of the film layer. A characteristic of this atypical shock wave is that the density of the liquid behind the wave is lower than before the wave. A situation thus arises that the ridge of the film layer has a higher density than the film layer below. And let this be THE starting point for the Plateau-Rayleigh-Taylor instability as described above.
"After removing the cover, [from a glass filled with port wine] evaporation quickly increases, inciting a "reverse" front to climb out of the meniscus, followed by the formation of wine tears falling back into the bulk. The forming front is characterized by a depression, i.e. the film ahead of the front is thicker than the film behind it. It is in a sense, a "dewetting" front that leaves a thinner layer behind it."[Dukler, 2019]
The researchers tested their theory by looking at the formation of tears in a stemless Martini glass with Port wine. The shock wave was perceptible (see the figure below) and preceded the tears of the wine. The researchers applied some simplifications for the model, but also for the experiment. For example, a martini glass is used because this glass has a constant angle, and the model assumes a constant gradient in the surface tension (caused by the evaporation of the alcohol). The effect in different wine glasses with a convex surface (and in particular the theory behind it) needs to be further investigated.
The ridge of the film layer and therefore also the tears of the wine are caused by a shock wave. The top four photos show from left to right how a wave front forms out of the meniscus and stabilizes in the tears of the wine after 10 seconds. In the lower left photo you can see a close-up of the shock waves that run to the ridge at the top of the film layer. The term "rarefaction" indicates the zone in which the density of the wine is lower than in the rim due to the shock wave. The figure below on the right shows the stemless Martini glass as used by Dukler et al. to test their theory.
Adapted from Dukler, 2019 via non-exclusive distribution license
What do the tears say?
As the theory above shows, the speed with which the alcohol evaporates is particularly important for the formation of tears. This evaporation depends on the amount of alcohol in the wine, but for example also on room temperature, wine temperature, humidity and air pressure. In general, the more alcohol the wine contains, the more tears there are. However, it is difficult to keep all these conditions constant, and in a mountain village, or on a rainy day, the formation of tears will proceed differently than on a beautiful sunny day at the beach.
The speed with which the tears flow back into the glass says something about the viscosity of the wine. The slower the tears drip down, the syrupier the wine. This syrupiness depends among other things on the amount of alcohol, sugar and glycerol in the wine. Alcohol, but especially glycerol and sugar, increase the viscosity.
Read now: Chardonnay arose through inbreeding!
All these different variables make it very difficult to conclude anything based on the tears of the wine about the contents of the wine glass. Provided that you do not only have the alcohol content as a criterion, then the tears of the wine say nothing at all about the quality of the wine.
The tears are the secondary effect of the evaporation of alcohol from the wine. With the evaporation of the alcohol, however, all kinds of aromas also evaporate. The wine derives its scent (bouquet) from the evaporation of these aroma substances. Knowledge about the formation of tears, and therefore the evaporation of alcohol in the wine glass, can contribute


facebook launched a new programming language for HHVM
Hack is a programming language for the HipHop Virtual Machine (HHVM) invented by Facebook.Hack can be seen as a new version of PHP that also runs on the HHVM, but it allows programmers to use both dynamic typing and static typing.
This is what is called gradual typing, which has been mostly seen as an academic exercise; as described by Facebook, it is the first to bring gradual typing to a "real, industrial strength" language.
Hack Features
Hack interoperates seamlessly with PHP, which is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. Majority of scripts that are valid in PHP are also valid in Hack.[4] Hack's type system allows types to be specified for function arguments, function return values, and class properties; types of local variables cannot be specified.
Syntax and Example
The basic file structure of a Hack script is similar to a PHP script with a few changes. A Hack file starts with


Bumper Color Mismatch & Variation: 6 Causes
PPG helps answer body shop customers' concern as to why the factory original color doesn't always match the rest of the vehicle.
Collision repair shops occasionally run into the situation where a customer complains that the color of their bumper doesn't match the rest of the vehicle—or repair shop owners sometimes need to explain why blending may be required in order to create an invisible repair that'll match even better than the factory original.
Trying to conjure up a simple explanation that's simple and straightforward enough to satisfy a customer's concern isn't always an easy proposition. To effectively educate the customer…it's essential to convey a good grasp of the underlying causes of why OEM bumpers often don't match the rest of the vehicle. Basically, there are four common reasons for an OEM bumper mismatch.
 1. A color can vary depending on the substrate on which it is painted. For example, the evaporation rate for solvent varies over metal or plastic. A longer rate gives a flake pigment additional time to "float" and can darken the "face" of the color.
 2. The body was painted on a production line at the factory, while other parts, such as the bumper and trim, were painted with a different application method at another location.
 3. Slight adjustments can be made during application creating a lighter or darker color, or causing the metallics or mica elements to lay down differently.
 4. Light reflects differently on curved and flat surfaces causing the appearance of a color shift.
Not all bumper-to-body color mismatches can be blamed on the factory and the many variables involved in applying OEM finishes. There are occasions when the body and the bumper are painted at the same time, with the same paint, yet the colors turn out differently. The causes are related to some fundamental differences in the properties of the two substrates.
First, unless specially treated, plastics are good electrical insulators, so they can build up a static charge when wiped down during surface preparation. If the static is not discharged, it can migrate into the paint film. If the color contains a metallic, the charge can force the metallic flakes apart and change their alignment. The result is a shift in the color or darkening on the "face". The best way to tackle this problem is to make sure any static charge is removed with an anti-static wipe before applying the color.
The Second major cause lies in the thermal conductivity of the substrates. If you have sprayed solvent onto a metal panel on a warm day, you may have noticed how the panel cools down significantly as the solvent evaporates. The solvent is pulling the heat out of the panel as it evaporates and as a result, speeds up the drying process. This doesn't occur as much with plastic since it is a good insulator. As a result, the same paint may evaporate at a different rate on plastic than metal. This increase in the evaporation time gives metallic flakes longer to "float" in the film which can darken the "face" slightly. This can be compensated for using the techniques discussed in an earlier Repaint Reporter article entitled "Vanishing Act" (Vol. 65, No. 1).
To view past issues of the Repaint Reporter, please visit _URL_ and click on Refinish News.


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LandScan derived population estimates are provided for 90% of our cities. Those lacking population estimates are often in sparsely inhabited areas. We provide a range of population values that account for the total "metropolitan" population rather than it's administrative boundary population. Use the PopMax column to size your town labels.
Use the following selection statement to derive this theme from the 10m populated places:
"SCALERANK" <= 4 Or "FEATURECLA" = 'Admin-0 capital' Or "FEATURECLA" = 'Admin-0 capital alt' Or "FEATURECLA" = 'Admin-0 region capital' Or "FEATURECLA" = 'Admin-1 region capital' Or "FEATURECLA" = 'Scientific station'
While we don't want to show every admin-1 capital, for those countries where we show most admin-1 capitals, we should have a complete set. If you find we are missing one, please log it in the Cx tool at right.


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Please see Prism Objects for a generic introduction to prism concepts.
Prism library maintains some long-living objects that are needed for correct operation of prism objects. This includes:
- Parsed schemas (
SchemaRegistry). Prism parses static schema when the system is initialized and keeps them in memory. Processing the schemas may be costly. Storing them in memry avoids the need for expensive re-parse of the schemas on each use.
- Initialized instances of parsers and serializers (such as JAXB)
These instances are kept in an umbrella class
PrismContext. Prism context is usually maintained as singleton. Instance of prism context is needed for vast majority of operations with prisms. However, prism objects, definitions and items keep a reference to the prism context instance. Therefore the use of prism context is often hidden.
Prism Context Initialization
MidPoint initializes prism context as a part of its normal system initialization. Prism context is exposed as a spring bean. Therefore manual initialization of prism context is usually not needed when working in midPoint environment. In case of need to manually initialize prism context a use of prism context factory is recommended. Please look for classes implementing
PrismContextFactory interface as an example of prism context initialization.
Creating Objects Using Compile-Time Classes (JAXB)
Perhaps the most convenient way how to create an object is to use its generated compile-time class. These classes are generated from the static schema for all prism object types. You can directly instantiate the class and fill it with data using Java getters and setters:
UserType is class generated by prism at compile-time. It correstponds to the
UserType schema type (in XSD schema definition). It has getters and setters for prism properties and containers defined in the schema.
UserType can be instantiated directly using a default constructor. However an object which is instantiated in this way has no connection with the prism context. It will work just fine for most basic operations. But advanced operations will fail unless the object is associated with a prism context. The association can be done in a very simple way by invoking
adopt method of prism context. It is a best practice to adopt new objects as soon possible. This has two major advantages: Adopting the object immediately after instantiation means that you will not forget to adopt it later. Adoption of the object will also associate the object with its schema definition (if possible). Therefore the subsequent operations will be able to do better checks of the object content.
Instantiated (and adopted) object can be populated by data. Getters and setters are available for single-valued properties. For multi-valued attributes only getters are available. Such getters return a collection that can be changed as needed e.g. by adding a new value into the collection.
Prism objects (as the name itself suggests) are multi-faceted. The same object can be inspected and modified using several interfaces:
- Native prism interface (
PrismProperty,...). This is the most powerful interface but it may be slightly difficult to use. It can be used to iterate over the objects, closely inspect every item, iterate over them, inspect (or modify) their schema and do almost any kind of magic imaginable.
- Compile-time class interface (
Containerable). This interface is using classes generated at compile time. It is very similar to JAXB (in fact it is based on JAXB) but it works for more data formats not just XML. The objects are accessed using simple getters and setters. This interface is very convenient to use. But it is only limited to the parts of the schema that was available at compile time.
- DOM interface (W3C DOM) used to access the objects as DOM elements. The implementation of this interface is not complete yet.
- Map interface (java.util.Map and Collection) might be able to access the prism objects as simple Java Maps and Collections. This is planned. The implementation haven't started yet.
Any prism object can be represented using any interface. At the same time. Each representation can be converted to any other representation using methods such as
The important thing to remember is that these are just different representations of the same data. They are not copies. Therefore modifying the data using one representation will have immediate effect on all other representations of the same object.
Parsing and Serializing Objects
Prism context contains a set of processors to support various data formats:
- DOM processor supports parsing of XML data structures represented in DOM form (or parsed into DOM form).
- JAXB processor supports parsing of XML data structures represented in JAXB form (e.g. as JAXB elements). This is not a standalone processor by itself. Due to the JAXB limitations this processor usually cannot be used by itself. It cooperates with DOM processor (and vice versa). The interplay of these two processors is quite intricate. And quite fragile. We are sorry for this. But haven't found a better way how to work around the limitations of these XML libraries.
- JSON processor supports parsing of JSON-formatted objects. This is currently in development.
The processors can be invoked to parse the objects stored in appropriate forms:
Parsing will process the objects in their input form (File, stream, string,...) and it will return complete and initialized prism objects. On the other hand serialization will work on initialized prism object and it will output it in an appropriate form for storage, transmission over the network, etc. Serialization is also invoked by using processors:
PolyString and PolyStringType
PolyString is a special type of string that is designed to very easily support text operations in international environment. Most properties that contain human-readable names are represented as PolyString in midPoint data model. Using polystrings instead of strings may be a bit of nuisance during development but it is more than worth the trouble. As a developer you would usually only care about
orig part of the polystring. This is what you will be usually displayed. You also need to set just the
orig part of the polystring when setting a new value. The other polystring values (e.g.
norm) will be computed transparently by prism code when polystring is added to any prism property.
Unfortunately due to implementation limitations we have two classes that represent polystrings:
|PolyString||Prism native interface (PrismProperty)||Manually written from scratch, part of prism core|
|PolyStringType||Compile-time classes (UserType, etc.)||JAXB class (almost) generated from XSD||In UserType use PolyStringType|
The reason for this confusion is mostly caused by a limitation of JAXB framework. We are using JAXB framework to parse XSD schemas and generate compile-time classes. As the origin of all generated compile-time classes are in XSD definition also all of their property types must also have XSD definition. This includes PolyString. Although we have modified and customized significant part of JAXB we haven't found a way how to avoid this confusion.
As you might have already noticed native prism interface makes a heavy use of generics. Although Java generics has its limitations this approach gives us at least some compile-time type checking.
Prism object are designed to be serializable using Java IO serialization (implement interface
java.io.Serializable). This is needed for GUI to store this objects in web session, etc. However, only items (PrismObject, PrismContainer, PrismProperty,...), values (PrismPropertyValue,...), definitions (PrismObjectDefinition,...) and deltas (ObjectDelta,...) are serializable. Infrastructure classes such as prism context or processors are not.
You can serialize the prism objects directly using standard java serialization. These objects contain reference to prism context but that reference is transient. This also means that you need to restore this reference after you deserialize the objects. Use
adopt method of prism context to do so.
- Components: "prism" component and "schema" component
- Dynamic schema
- Deltas (and diff)


polymerization.
 2. Influence of step length and landing pattern on patellofemoral joint kinetics during running.
 Science.gov (United States)
 Willson, J D; Ratcliff, O M; Meardon, S A; Willy, R W
 2015-12-01
 Elevated patellofemoral joint kinetics during running may contribute to patellofemoral joint symptoms. The purpose of this study was to test for independent effects of foot strike pattern and step length on patellofemoral joint kinetics while running. Effects were tested relative to individual steps and also taking into account the number of steps required to run a kilometer with each step length. Patellofemoral joint reaction force and stress were estimated in 20 participants running at their preferred speed. Participants ran using a forefoot strike and rearfoot strike pattern during three different step length conditions: preferred step length, long (+10%) step length, and short (-10%) step length. Patellofemoral kinetics was estimated using a biomechanical model of the patellofemoral joint that accounted for cocontraction of the knee flexors and extensors. We observed independent effects of foot strike pattern and step length. Patellofemoral joint kinetics per step was 10-13% less during forefoot strike conditions and 15-20% less with a shortened step length. Patellofemoral joint kinetics per kilometer decreased 12-13% using a forefoot strike pattern and 9-12% with a shortened step length. To the extent that patellofemoral joint kinetics contribute to symptoms among runners, these running modifications may be advisable for runners with patellofemoral pain. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
 3. On the reaction of the nitroso group with olefins. Mechanisms of ene reactions
 International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
 Seymour, C.A.; Greene, F.D.
 1982-01-01
 Intra- and intermolecular isotope effects point to a two-step process for the reaction of pentafluoronitrosobenzene with tetramethylethylene to afford the ene product, rate-determining formation of an intermediate (for which the arizidine N-oxide is suggested) followed by C-H (or C-D) cleavage to the ene product
 4. Insights into the mechanisms on chemical reactions: reaction paths for chemical reactions
 International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
 Dunning, T.H. Jr.; Rosen, E.; Eades, R.A.
 1987-01-01
 We report reaction paths for two prototypical chemical reactions: Li + HF, an electron transfer reaction, and OH + H 2 , an abstraction reaction. In the first reaction we consider the connection between the energetic terms in the reaction path Hamiltonian and the electronic changes which occur upon reaction. In the second reaction we consider the treatment of vibrational effects in chemical reactions in the reaction path formalism. 30 refs., 9 figs
 5. One-step reduced kinetics for lean hydrogen-air deflagration
 Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
 Fernandez-Galisteo, D.; Sanchez, A.L. [Area de Mecanica de Fluidos, Univ. Carlos III de Madrid, Leganes 28911 (Spain); Linan, A. [ETSI Aeronauticos, Pl. Cardenal Cisneros 3, Madrid 28040 (Spain); Williams, F.A. [Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0411 (United States)
 2009-05-15
 A short mechanism consisting of seven elementary reactions, of which only three are reversible, is shown to provide good predictions of hydrogen-air lean-flame burning velocities. This mechanism is further simplified by noting that over a range of conditions of practical interest, near the lean flammability limit all reaction intermediaries have small concentrations in the important thin reaction zone that controls the hydrogen-air laminar burning velocity and therefore follow a steady state approximation, while the main species react according to the global irreversible reaction 2H{sub 2} + O{sub 2} {yields} 2H{sub 2}O. An explicit expression for the non-Arrhenius rate of this one-step overall reaction for hydrogen oxidation is derived from the seven-step detailed mechanism, for application near the flammability limit. The one-step results are used to calculate flammability limits and burning velocities of planar deflagrations. Furthermore, implications concerning radical profiles in the deflagration and reasons for the success of the approximations are clarified. It is also demonstrated that adding only two irreversible direct recombination steps to the seven-step mechanism accurately reproduces burning velocities of the full detailed mechanism for all equivalence ratios at normal atmospheric conditions and that an eight-step detailed mechanism, constructed from the seven-step mechanism by adding to it the fourth reversible shuffle reaction, improves predictions of O and OH profiles. The new reduced-chemistry descriptions can be useful for both analytical and computational studies of lean hydrogen-air flames, decreasing required computation times. (author)
 6. Multistage reaction pathways in detonating high explosives
 International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
 Li, Ying; Kalia, Rajiv K.; Nakano, Aiichiro; Nomura, Ken-ichi; Vashishta, Priya
 2014-01-01
 Atomistic mechanisms underlying the reaction time and intermediate reaction products of detonating high explosives far from equilibrium have been elusive. This is because detonation is one of the hardest multiscale physics problems, in which diverse length and time scales play important roles. Here, large spatiotemporal-scale reactive molecular dynamics simulations validated by quantum molecular dynamics simulations reveal a two-stage reaction mechanism during the detonation of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine crystal. Rapid production of N 2 and H 2 O within ∼10 ps is followed by delayed production of CO molecules beyond ns. We found that further decomposition towards the final products is inhibited by the formation of large metastable carbon- and oxygen-rich clusters with fractal geometry. In addition, we found distinct unimolecular and intermolecular reaction pathways, respectively, for the rapid N 2 and H 2 O productions
 7. Multistage reaction pathways in detonating high explosives
 Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
 Li, Ying [Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Computer Science, and Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0242 (United States); Argonne Leadership Computing Facility, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 (United States); Kalia, Rajiv K.; Nakano, Aiichiro; Nomura, Ken-ichi; Vashishta, Priya [Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Computer Science, and Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0242 (United States)
 2014-11-17
 Atomistic mechanisms underlying the reaction time and intermediate reaction products of detonating high explosives far from equilibrium have been elusive. This is because detonation is one of the hardest multiscale physics problems, in which diverse length and time scales play important roles. Here, large spatiotemporal-scale reactive molecular dynamics simulations validated by quantum molecular dynamics simulations reveal a two-stage reaction mechanism during the detonation of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine crystal. Rapid production of N{sub 2} and H{sub 2}O within ∼10 ps is followed by delayed production of CO molecules beyond ns. We found that further decomposition towards the final products is inhibited by the formation of large metastable carbon- and oxygen-rich clusters with fractal geometry. In addition, we found distinct unimolecular and intermolecular reaction pathways, respectively, for the rapid N{sub 2} and H{sub 2}O productions.
 8. Reaction of tellurium with Zircaloy-4
 International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
 Boer, R. de; Cordfunke, E.H.P.
 1994-09-01
 Interaction of tellurium vapour with Zircaloy during the initial stage of an accident will lead to retention of tellurium in the core. For reliable estimation of the release behaviour of tellurium, it is necessary to know which zirconium tellurides are formed during this interaction. In this work the reaction of tellurium with Zircaloy-4 has been studied, using various reaction temperatures and tellurium vapour pressures. The compound ZrTe 2-x is formed on the surface of the Zircaloy in a broad range of reaction temperatures and vapour pressures. It is found that the formation of the more zirconium-rich compound Zr 5 Te 4 is favoured at high reaction temperatures is combination with low tellurium vapour pressures. (orig.)
 9. Steps to Advanced CANDU 600
 International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
 Oh, Yongshick; Brooks, G. L.
 1988-01-01
 The CANDU nuclear power system was developed from merging of AECL heavy water reactor technology with Ontario Hydro electrical power station expertise. The original four units


text:
What are urban wildlife species?
An urban environment exerts novel selective pressures on wildlife species due to habitat modification, natural habitat loss, and a large human population.
Some species are able to thrive in this urban landscape. These animals are called "urban wildlife". Urban wildlife have many adaptive traits in common: a diverse diet, highly opportunistic, ability to exploit human modified habitats, reduced fear of humans, loss of natural predators or competition, and increased food sources.
What are the most common urban wildlife species in Fairfax
How do you determine what urban species to manage in Fairfax
A biological carrying capacity does exist and determines the maximum number of animals a habitat or geographic area can support without causing damage to that habitat.
It is the responsibility of wildlife managers, natural resource managers and environmental stewards, to preserve wildlife and to protect remnant natural habitats in all ways possible.
It is a chosen responsibility to address Public Health & Safety issues, mitigate wildlife conflicts, and protect property from actual and potential damage.
How do you develop a successful wildlife management program?
An effective wildlife management program resolves Wildlife conflicts with the most humane, comprehensive and integrated management techniques available:
- Humane exclusion & Repellency
- Population control
- Habitat modification
- Conservation & Research
Additional information on wildlife management and conservation is available from the United States Department of Agricultural Natural Resources Conservation Services.
For more information please contact the Fairfax County Wildlife Biologist at _PHONE_.