Archive for bathing
What legal rights do users of public bathing facilities have?
Aside from the already mentioned health regulations stating that where there are toilets there must be sinks and where there are sinks there must be soap, the legal rights connected to using public bathing facilities depend, as always, on whether the place is run by the government or a private entity. The particular activities that people may undertake in the facility depend on the staffing, physical plant, and monetary resources of the place and are not a matter of law. They do not have to allow shaving or nail cutting or tooth-brushing, for example. They might only have showers, not bathtubs. They might only allow people to bathe individually to prevent people from having sexual encounters there. Law is about the way people and government behave toward each other and how society operates, it rarely ever declares that people are entitled to do any particular activity in a certain place.
Sometimes there are bathing facilities at churches, shelters, nonprofit community centers and other privately operated places that are funded by donations from individuals and businesses. These privately operated facilities are obligated to function according to the direction of their own boards and their funding sources. This means that private facilities can have their own rules and limitations about the circumstances under which they allow people to wash there or obtain hygiene supplies. It also means that they can be unfair in providing their services: allowing some people to have more time than others, excluding some people, not providing notice of rule changes, etc…
If a private agency or organization gets government funding toward a particular service, like establishing bathing facilities, there may be regulatory legal obligations connected with using that funding. The whole facility is probably not subject to those obligations,[i] only the component providing the government-funded service. To find out abut those obligations, which will probably be about the way the service is provided and the conditions of the facility, it is necessary to find out which government agency (i.e., state department of health or county department of welfare or city special grant bureau, etc…) gives that funding and then contact that government agency to obtain a copy of the regulations and instructions for interacting with them if you believe their regulations have not been followed.[ii]
Sometimes, municipalities or counties install public showers and other washing facilities as part of food banks, health clinics, community centers and other social service agencies that those government entities operate. Those kinds of facilities are considered government property because their buildings and their operations are paid for out of the ordinary tax base either through the regular budget stream or specially-dedicated government funds like limited term grants. Public users are entitled to civil rights protections when accessing these government operated facilities. The civil rights protections include things like equal access, freedom from religious impositions (i.e., they can't force you to say a prayer or participate in religious counseling in order to obtain the service), free speech, freedom from being searched unless the search is a routine security process used for everyone, privacy… (Read more about civil rights on Findlaw.)
All of the rights enumerated in the last paragraph are simply listed as general civil rights principles. Civil rights principles arise from the ways court cases interperet amendments to the U.S. Constitution. So, civil rights is an area of law in which there is often not a clear rule for everyone to follow. Rather, it is a constant analysis of comparisons:
1. weighing the government's purpose along with its rule and
2. determining whether the rule, as applied in the situation being questioned, is structured just to serve that government interest. If it limits people unfairly by going beyond the scope of the government interest, it violates civil rights.
A helpful resource for learning about civil rights is Justia's Annotated U.S. Constitution. Read the sections about the Amendments to the Constitution to find easy explanations of how courts have interpreted those amendments. Note that the list of amendments tells what subjects are covered in each amendment (due process, free speech, etc…) Click on the hyperlinked name of any case on that site and you'll get to the Supreme Court's full decision.
Here are two examples demonstrating how civil rights can be outweighed by significant government interests:
 - If a member of the public, who routinely carries a weapon, comes to the public washing facility, the facility can probably justify locking the weapon away while the visitor is on the premises because the facility has an obligation to prevent harm to its staff and users.
 - People are supposed to have the right to free speech in a public place. However, if someone comes into a washing facility and makes threatening comments to other people bathing there, the facility (i.e., the government) may be at risk of losing the victims of those comments. If the whole purpose of the washing facility is to give people a place to get clean and try to avoid disease, but people were too scared to go there, then it wouldn't be an effective washing facility anymore unless the place refused to allow threats.
[i] The whole facility can be required to make changes in order to comply with legal requirements and accommodate the government funded part. For example, the building might have to install new doors, or fire safety devices, or a stair railing, or make other kinds of modifications to the building entrance or the building's systems in order to make the government funded bathing service properly safe and available to public users.
[2] State agencies, such as health departments, publish their regulations in administrative codes. All of the states' administrative codes are available on the Internet from the National Association of Secretaries of State at
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Is the government required to provide you with bathing facilities?
 It has been held that a criminal defendant who was not provided with soap, a comb, and other basic hygiene amenities in jail was entitled to a new trial because his dirty and disheveled appearance may have turned the jury against him.[i] That is an example of one of the two situations in which the government is required to provide any kind of washing facilities: those in which government buildings make toilets available to the public and those in which the government has custody of someone, as in the case of the jail inmate or when the person is in someplace like a county or state-run nursing home, etc… Other than in those instances, the public cannot expect that the law entitles them to a place in which to get clean or even to get supplies for washing or other personal hygiene functions.
 In government custody situations, as the previous section demonstrates, regulations about the condition of hygiene facilities in institutions might come from the government agency of which the institution is a component or from the public health code. The standards that have to be followed when public restrooms or bathing facilities are available in restaurants, other businesses, or in government buildings are in state public health codes.[ii]
 A clear and detailed example of standard public restroom requirements is in the Illinois public health code which includes specifics like, "Lavatories shall be provided and located within or immediately adjacent to all toilet rooms or vestibules. All lavatories shall be provided with hot and cold running water that can be tempered by means of a valve or combination faucet" and "A supply of bar, liquid, or powdered hand-cleaning soap or detergent in a dispenser shall be available at each lavatory."[iii] The Kentucky public restroom regulations are also very detailed with statements like, "an adequate supply of toilet tissue shall be provided at each toilet facility at all times" and "hand washing facilities, including running water, soap, and individual cloth or paper towels, or other method for drying hands approved by the cabinet, shall be provided…The use of the common towel is prohibited."[iv]
 Oddly, even though there are no general legal requirements mandating public bathing facilities for people who don't have homes, there are some circumstances in which the government provides hygiene supplies to members of the public who don't need something as basic as a place to bathe and who aren't necessarily financially needy. Notable examples of this are equipping drug users with clean syringes and dispensing condoms to teenagers.
 The legal sources for these actions are public health regulations, made by state and county health departments, often in furtherance of the government's interest in preventing the spread of HIV or other viruses, diseases, etc… It seems reasonable to ask why a government would make a law entitling members of the pubic only to such limited hygiene supplies and not just ordinary sinks and showers that are fundamental to fighting so many kinds of sickness. Lobbyists for the poor, and poor people themselves, can ask that question of lawmakers if bathing facilities are not available in a community.
[i] State v. Maisonet, 763 A.2d 1254 (N.J. 2001).
[ii] State health agencies' Web sites are listed at Within each agency's site, look for a link to "laws" or "regulations" or use their search tool for more specific terms such as "cleanliness" or "homeless" or "shelter," etc..
[iii] Ill. Admin. Code tit. 77, § 895.50(g), (g)(1) (2007).
[iv] 902 Ky Admin. Regs. 10:010:2:7, 12, 13 (2006).
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Is it legal to kick someone out of a store or restaurant just because he or she smells bad?
Yes, businesses serving the public have the freedom to eject prospective customers just because they smell bad. In fact, they can kick people out just because they are not wearing shoes or a shirt. Stores and restaurants do not have to do business with anybody if they don't want to. Granted, they cannot discriminate on the basis


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Administrators Get Disproportionately Large Pensions
The Empire Center and several other organizations have published a database of New York teacher and administrator pensions that lists the pensions and service years of every member. Contrary to its name, the highest pensioners in the New York Teacher Retirement System are not teachers. Fourteen out of fifteen of the top pensioners are former superintendents and one a research professor. None retired as public school teachers.
In New York, as in most other states, pensions are based on an employee's years of service and final average salary, and teachers, principals, and superintendents all participate in the same retirement system. While not all administrators are former educators and only serve an administrative position for a few years, many have come into the profession as a former principal or teacher or other administrative pathway, often with years within the same state and local system. Long tenure in a single retirement system, paired with a high superintendent salary, equates to a very lucrative pension. In Missouri, a teacher who stays for a full career accrues $250,000 in lifetime pension wealth, a principal accrues over $360,000, and a superintendent $450,000.
In New York, one superintendent had close to 40 years of service in the Sewanhaka Central Schools, with only five years as superintendent. His annual pension totals $223,000, significantly more than a teacher with the same amount of experience would get. The highest paid retiree was the superintendent of the Commack school district, who has an annual pension of $325,000 (based on a final salary of over $655,000), the lifetime equivalent of over $5.5 million (a true pension millionaire). These are extreme examples that can occur because traditional pension formulas rely so heavily on final salary and total service years, and many superintendents have accumulated prior service years as teachers or mid-level administrators to count toward a full career. A career educator can work and pay into the retirement system with lower teacher or principal contribution rates for the majority of their working years and still qualify for a pension for the rest of their life based on their much higher superintendent's salary.
What is the impact of these top officials on student achievement? One would hope that such sizeable pay and benefits would mean a significant boost in student outcomes. According to a new Brookings report, however, superintendents in Florida and North Carolina had only a minimal effect on student achievement. Compared to teachers, who have a larger impact on student achievement, superintendents had little. Administrators of course play a vital role in other aspects of managing a district, but they benefit disproportionately from the heavily back loaded nature of the traditional pension system.
– Leslie Kan
Leslie Kan is a pensions analyst at Bellwether Education Partners. This first appeared on teacherpensions.org

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


What is Diving
Diving is a Dynamic and Exciting Sport
Breaking new boundaries of courage, skill and athleticism. Diving is similar to the sport of gymnastics and first started off by gymnasts as a way to perform more manouvers in air while ensuring a soft landing. It combines the athleticism of gymnastics, the grace of a ballet, and the concentration and accuracy of a archer.
twins synchro 401b
Types of Dives
There are six different groups of platform and springboard dives. The first four types involve rotating in different directions relative to the board and the starting position. The fifth group includes any dive with a twist. The final group, used in platform diving, begins with an armstand.
 1. Forward Group: The diver faces the front of the board and rotates towards the water. Dives in this group vary from the simple front dive to the difficult forward four and one-half somersaults.
 2. Backward Group: All the dives in the backward group begin with the diver on the end of the board with the back to the water. The direction of rotation is away from the board.
 3. Reverse Group: These dives begin with the diver facing the front of the board (using a forward approach) and rotating towards the board.
 4. Inward Group: The diver stands on the end of the board with back to the water and rotates toward the board or opposite of the backward group's movement.
 5. Twisting Group: Any dive with a twist is included in this group. There are four types of twisting dives: forward, backward, reverse and inward. Because of the many possible combinations, this group includes more dives than any other.
 6. Armstand Group: In platform diving there is a sixth, unique group of dives called 'armstands'. Here the diver assumes a handstand position on the edge of the platform before executing the dive.
Body Positions
When each type of dive is performed, the diver utilises one or more of the four different types of body positions.
 1. Tuck: The body is bent at the waist and knees, the thighs are drawn to the chest while the heels are kept close to the buttocks.
 3. Straight: This position requires that there be no bend at the waist or knees. However, there may be an arch in the back depending on the dive. As in the pike position the arm placement is either the diver's choice or defined by the dive done.
 4. Free: This is not an actual body position but a diver's option to use any of the other three positions or combination thereof when performing a dive which includes somersaults and twists. However, in dives of this kind the tuck position is rarely used, while a combination of the other two positions is the most common occurrence.
Divers are judged by a panel of seven judges who each give a score between zero and 10 points for each dive performed. The following table gives an indication of the points awarded for dives:
0 completely failed
½ – 2 unsatisfactory
2½ – 4½ deficient
5 – 6½ satisfactory
7 – 8 good
8½ – 9½ very good
10 excellent
In classifying a dive into one of the judging categories, certain parts of each dive must be analysed and evaluated, and an overall award obtained. The parts of the dive are:
 1. Approach: Should be smooth but forceful, showing good form.
 2. Take-off: Must show control and balance, plus the proper angle of landing and leaving for the particular dive being attempted.
 3. Elevation: The amount of spring or lift a diver receives from the take-off greatly affects the appearance of the dive. Since more height means more time, a higher dive generally affords greater accuracy and smoothness of movement.
 4. Execution: This is most important, for this is the dive. A judge watches for proper mechanical performance, technique, form and grace.
 5. Entry: The entry into the water is very significant because it is the last thing the judge sees and the part probably remembered best. The two criteria to be evaluated here are the angle of entry which should be vertical and the amount of splash, which should be as little as possible.
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text:
Tennessee Tech Professor's New Book Provides Guide for Elementary TeachersA Tennessee Technological University professor's new book provides elementary school teachers a comprehensive guide for teaching reading and writing through a student-centered workshop format.
Elinor Parry Ross, professor of Curriculum and Instruction at Tennessee Tech, explains this rapidly spreading teaching method in her new book, "The Workshop Approach: A Framework for Literacy."
The book, published in November by Christopher-Gordon Publishers of Massachusetts, serves as an aid to K-8 teachers. The method, first described in 1987, encourages students to read published literature and to take a process-oriented approach to writing. Ross says the method differs from other techniques because it gives students more choice and control over what they do in class.
In the workshop approach, students choose their own reading, discuss their choices with their peers and teachers, keep a log of their thoughts on the books they've read and choose writing projects based on those ideas. The writing process includes conferences with peers and teachers as well as revising and editing stages.
"In many classrooms in the past," says Ross, "children hardly wrote at all. They used basal textbooks for their reading and answered questions or filled in blanks. There was little opportunity for creative writing.
"With the workshop approach, children spend more time reading real literature and interpreting it. They also spend more time writing. Because it gives students more control, they're more motivated and more interested in reading and writing."
Ross has been teaching reading for elementary education and library science courses at Tennessee Tech since 1971. "The Workshop Approach" is the first book she's written without a co-author. The project originated with an encounter at a professional conference. Hiram Howard, the president of Christopher-Gordon, saw Ross' presentation of the topic and asked her to consider writing a book on the subject.
One second-grade teacher who read "The Workshop Approach" called it "a terrific resource for those applying the workshop approach theory for the first time or for those attempting to refine a program already in progress." The publisher writes, "This innovative resource is ideal for all teachers seeking new and better ways to boost student literacy."
Ross has co-authored numerous educational texts with Betty Roe, also a professor of Curriculum and Instruction at Tennessee Tech. The two recently collaborated on the sixth edition of their widely used book, "Teaching Reading in Today's Elementary Schools."
The publisher of "Teaching Reading," Houghton Mifflin, describes it as a "market leader." The text, rich in classroom activities and practical suggestions, examines whole language, emergent literacy, learning comprehension and a host of other reading concepts.Ross and Roe are the authors of "An Introduction to Teaching the Language Arts," published by Holt, Rinehart and Winston; "Developing Power in Reading;" published by Kendall/Hunt; and "Student Teaching and Field Experiences Handbook," published by Charles E. Merrill.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Question: Can Worms Eat Potatoes?
Do worms like banana peels?
They'll make short work of what otherwise would have taken up space in your trash.
To make food easier for the worms to consume it is good to chop or puree it..
Do worms like coffee grounds?
Soil-borne bacteria and fungi break down the various chemical components of coffee grounds after several months. Earthworms are also able to use this food source. Earthworms consume coffee grounds and deposit them deep in soil. This may account for noted improvements in soil structure such as increased aggregation.
Do worms eat carrots?
Carrots are a good worm food but you have to consider that worms don't feed on materials that are fresh so the carrots and any other organic material that you add to your worm farm has to start to decompose to enable the worms to feed on it.
Do worms eat egg shells?
Worms will swallow eggshell powder to add grit. Since Red Wigglers don't have teeth, they need a bit of grit to help break down the food scraps. Eggshells are perfect for this.
What should you not put in a worm farm?
What To Not Feed WormsMeats, bones, fat and anything oily or greasy.Dairy products including butter, sour cream, milk, whole eggs (egg shells are ok) and cheese.Canned sauces, peanut butter and other processed food.Citrus foods like lemons, limes and oranges.Onions and garlic.Spicy foods such as hot peppers.More items…•
Do worms like oatmeal?
Aside from animal manure, you can also feed them the following organic wastes: … Starchy food wastes – these can be in the form of bread, oatmeal, and pasta. Bedding materials – the materials that you place inside the worm bin can also be consumed by your red wigglers.
What is the best food for worms?
The Best Worm Foods for Your SoilFruit peelings (not citrus)Melon rinds.Carrots.Coffee grounds.Teabags.Bread.Cereal (unsweetened)Pasta (plain)More items…•
Can worms eat tomatoes?
*Tomatoes are slightly acidic, but worms still seem to like it and will tolerate it just fine in moderation. … Those fruit trimmings can go to your hungry worms and they'll turn your kitchen waste into some of the most rich, nutritional compost you can get your hands on!
Do worms eat bread?
Fruit and vegie scraps, teabags and coffee grounds, crushed eggshells, small amounts of bread or pasta, moist cardboard and newspaper. you're not overfeeding your worms. Uneaten food will begin to smell and attract unwanted pests. … This means you can feed your worm farm a few handfuls every few days.
Do worms eat grass clippings?
What can I use as a worm blanket?
You can use several sections of newspaper soaked in water. Or, use a worm blanket made from jute. Jute worm blankets are all-natural, breathable and just the right thickness to hold in moisture. Some worm bins come with a blanket.
How fast do Worms multiply?
How do you attract worms?
See how to attract worms to the garden! When the frost leaves the ground, the earthworms start moving upward in the soil looking for mates….What a Worm WantsReduce tilling your soil.Leave organic matter on the surface.Add manure and compost.Ditch the chemicals.Use an organic mulch to keep soil moist and cool.
What should you not feed worms?
Do worms eat cucumbers?
One thing to remember is that the worms are not going to eat the food right away. It has to start decomposing a little before they chow down. That might take a day or two for cucumber peelings or melon rinds and a little longer for pumpkin or squash. Here you can see cucumber peelings that are almost all eaten.
Can worms eat cabbage?
Worms tend to avoid plants in the brassica family. Contrary to their reputation, worms are not able to eat anything and everything you put into a worm bin. … Brassicas (cabbage, kale, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, turnips, etc.) and alliums (onions, garlic, shallots, scallions, leeks, chives, etc.)
Do worms eat rice?
Bread, rice, pasta, processed foods – you can add the odd crust or bits of cooked rice off the dinner plate, but don't add lots of starchy foods. Worms don't like them and they may go off or attract pests. … Worms love coffee grounds but mix them with other foods and paper.
Can you put coffee grounds in a worm farm?
Coffee grounds have about the same amount of nitrogen as grass clippings – 2% or so, meaning they heat up quickly when added to compost and help turn the entire pile into a beautiful dark rich soil. They are also very suitable for the worm farm, with those little guys loving used coffee grounds.
Do worms eat hair?
The key point here is that worms eat organic matter. … They will also eat shredded newspaper, egg cartons and cardboard. And while this one always prompts people to screw up their faces, worms will also consume human (and pet) hair and nails.
Are tea bags good for worms?
Tea Bags: Yes! The tea bags will start to break down in the worm bin, and the worms will finish off the contents. The string and paper tab might not break down as quickly. You can rip them off before saving a tea bag.
How do you maintain a worm bed?
Lift up the bedding and underlying material to bring air into the system. Keep your worm bin in an environment with a fairly constant temperature that is neither too hot nor too cold. Never keep your worm bin in an area that receives direct sun exposure, or in an area that will become colder than 5 degrees Celcius.


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How To Solve A Rubik's Cube 3X3. Select a color on the palette then paste it on the surface of the puzzle. One of the greatest toys to ever be created is the rubik's cube.
How to solve a 3x3x3 rubik's cube for beginners : Click more than once on a field to deactivate the color palette and cycle through the colors as you keep clicking the fields of the puzzle. Position the cube so the corner piece faces you on the right side.
Table of Contents
One Of The Greatest Toys To Ever Be Created Is The Rubik's Cube.
Flip the cube so yellow is on top. Twist the bottom layer so that one of the white corners is directly under the spot where it's supposed to go on the top layer. When the solver starts you'll be presented with a completely white rubik's cube and a color palette just above it.
If We Are Thinking We Will Solve One Color, Then Second, Then Third And So On.
The fridrich method is only made up of 4 steps but also full of algorithm to learn. Here in this post, you'll come to know about your cube, the face keys of the cube, various algorithms to solve the cube, and the tricky steps to solve a 3×3 rubik's cube, all at one place. The first thing we want to find is headlights.
The Easiest Way Is To Use The Color Picker.
Here is a photo of jessica while practicing on the rubik's cube 3×3. The first step is getting to know your rubik's cube. Mix up the colors and put them back in their right spots.
The First And Most Important Step In Solving A Cube Is To Learn The Notations.
This is a better case because when you do the next step, the cube will be solved already. In which direction the white sticker is facing. Using this guide, you will solve the rubik's cube layer by layer.
Select A Color On The Palette Then Paste It On The Surface Of The Puzzle.
The way that i will be showing is personally the easiest way that i have come upon in the. Position the cube so the corner piece faces you on the right side. Rubik's cube 3×3 solution guide.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Skip to definition.
Noun: snapper sna-pu(r)
 "the snapper fumbled the handoff";
 - center [US], centre [Brit, Cdn]
 2. Flesh of any of various important food fishes of warm seas
 - cracker, cracker bonbon
 4. Australian food fish having a pinkish body with blue spots
 - Chrysophrys auratus
 5. Any of several large sharp-toothed marine food and sport fishes of the family Lutjanidae of mainly tropical coastal waters
 6. Large-headed turtle with powerful hooked jaws found in or near water; prone to bite
 - common snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina
Derived forms: snappers
Type of: favor [US], favour [Brit, Cdn], food fish, lineman, party favor [US], party favour [Brit, Cdn], percoid, percoid fish, percoidean, saltwater fish, snapping turtle, sparid, sparid fish
Part of: Chelydra, Chrysophrys, family Lutjanidae, genus Chelydra, genus Chrysophrys, Lutjanidae
Encyclopedia: Snapper


text:
A research team has created nano sponges that can effectively filter organic pollutants from water.
Researchers Changxia Li and Freddy Kleitz from the Faculty of Chemistry at the University of Vienna in Austria built their own material for the filters.
Using a combination of a highly porous covalent organic framework (COF) and graphene they found they could effectively scrub pollutants away.
The new material is efficient in filtering organic pollutants, such as organic dyes, which are usually soluble in water, non-degradable and sometimes even carcinogenic, as reported by the university on August 1, 2022.
The first author of the study and postdoctoral scientist, Changxia Li reported: "There are various ways today, including activated carbon filters, to purify water, but there is still room for improvement in terms of the efficiency or adsorption capacity of the applications."
According to a university statement, porous materials have a much larger total surface area in comparison to non-porous ones, and can consequently attach particularly large numbers of molecules to the surfaces during adsorption.
COF which are a novel class of particularly porous materials, are furthermore characterized by low density and low weight.
The researchers reported: "We have developed a method to form COF in a comparatively environmentally friendly way using water and were able to use it to design small 'sponges' with special pore sizes and pore shapes in the nanometer range as well as a coordinated negative surface charge that very selectively attracts the positively charged target molecules, i.e. our dyes, from the water.
"Just like the sponge absorbs the water, only here it's the pollutants."
According to the researchers when using COF powder, the inner pores of the material are no longer available to the pollutants as the outer edge pores are clogged, particularly with large pollutant molecules.
The university stated: "The novel composite material developed offers a consistently permeable structure: To do this, the researchers grew COF on thin nano-layers of graphene.
"The combination of graphene – in itself a 2D layer of carbon atoms – and the up to two nanometer thick layer of COF resulted in a compact, open 3D structure.
"The ultra-thin COF layer could expose more adsorption sites than the loose COF powder."
In addition, the researchers said: "The large pores of the graphene network in combination with the ultra-thin COF layer and its large number of adsorption sites therefore enable particularly fast and efficient wastewater treatment."
The relatively small amount of material necessary for graphene and the prospect of reusing the composite material as a filter makes the development of these nano sponges rather inexpensive.
The study was published in the weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal "Angewandte Chemie".


text:
Discrimination in housing markets occurs when equally qualified people are treated differently because of their membership in a particular group. This study focuses on racial and ethnic discrimination in qualitative actions by landlords, such as making an advertised housing unit available for inspection by a customer. The data come from the Housing Discrimination study, which conducted over 1500 rental housing audits in 25 metropolitan areas in 1989. Each audit consists of a visits to a landlord by a white person and either a black or Hispanic person with similar socio-economic characteristics. Using Chamberlain's fixed-effect logic estimation, we develop a nationally representative measure of the incidence of discrimination in landlord behavior and conduct hypothesis tests on the incidence and causes of discrimination. The results indicate widespread discrimination across several types of landlord behavior and support the hypotheses that landlords discriminate both out of personal prejudice and in response to the prejudice of present and future white clients.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Economics and Econometrics


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I thought about the following problem, probably it already appears in mathematical literature.
Definition 1:
Operator $\unrhd$, is binary operation, defined for natural numbers as follows: To every $n,m$ naturals, $n\unrhd m$ is first comes $n$ and then comes $m$.
Example: if $n=56$, $m=67$, then $n\unrhd m = 5667$
Definition 2:
Primes $p_k$ and $p_s$ will called brothers, if $p_k \unrhd p_s$ or $p_s \unrhd p_k$ are primes.
Example: $p_1=2$ and $p_2=3$ are brothers, as $2 \unrhd 3=23$ is prime.
Prove that there is infinite brothers numbers.
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I suspect this is beyond reach. If we could prove there are infinitely many primes $p$ such that $10p+3$ is prime, we'd have it, but this is beyond what's currently known. – Gerry Myerson Feb 15 '13 at 2:18
The first thing I thought was to attack this problem (mow an open one) by contradiction: suppose that there are finite brothers numbers. Let $A$ be such set. Now, there is a maximal length of brothers number in $A$, suppose that $\text{length $\{p_i \unrhd p_j\}$}=k$. Now - a problem. Sorry, if it sounds stupid. :) – Salech Alhasov Feb 15 '13 at 2:53
_USER_ I agree this seems just out of reach, but we can prove that for infinitely many prime pairs $(p,q)$, the numbers $10p+q$, $100p+q$, $1000p+q$, $10000p+q$ are simultaneously prime. The catch, of course, is that we don't know how to prove this for bounded $q$! – Erick Wong Feb 15 '13 at 4:32
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1 Answer
Just to slightly elaborate on Gerry's answer given in the comment, notice that your question relies heavily on the way numbers are presented (in particular you seem to assume numbers are written in decimal notation and your binary operation is not on numbers but rather on numbers expressed in binary form). In stark contrast is the property Gerry mentions is beyond current reach does not depend on any particular notation for expressing numbers. In this case the former subsumes the latter. It is important to realize when a conjecture, or any statement, about numbers relies on the way numbers are written. It is somewhat unnatural to wonder about properties of numbers that are dependent on the way numbers are written, since then it is not so much a property of numbers but rather a combination of a number theoretic property and a typographical property. But aside from sporadic results here and there, who cares about the particularities of how numbers are written? For computations it could be relevant but not really for deep number theoretic results. So not only is your question probably not in the mainstream literature, it is also not likely to get there.
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It would be most interesting to find a pair of primes that are brothers in one base but not in another. Among $2$, $3$, $5$, and $7$, I think the brothers in base ten are also brothers in binary, although not always in the same order. – Todd Wilcox Feb 15 '13 at 4:00
Well, not all questions dependent on a particular base lie outside of the mainstream. There is the recent breakthrough of Mauduit and Rivat on the distribution of the sums of digits of primes (answering a question posed by no less than Gelfond). So most of the time these seem like useless questions, but once in a while the number theoretic machinery becomes powerful enough to overcome their apparent arbitrariness, and it's truly a sight to behold. – Erick Wong Feb 15 '13 at 4:12
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Quick Answer: What Are The 5 Crown In The Bible?
Where is heaven in the Bible?
Where is the 3rd heaven?
In Judaism, Christianity and Islam, the Third Heaven is a division of Heaven in religious cosmology. In some traditions it is considered the abode of God, and in others a lower level of Paradise, commonly one of seven.
Where is the cross that Jesus died on now?
What do crowns symbolize?
A crown is a traditional symbolic form of head adornment worn by a monarch or by a deity (as distinct from a hat), for whom the crown traditionally represents power, legitimacy, victory, triumph, honor, and glory, as well as immortality, righteousness, and resurrection.
What are the sins that God will not forgive you for?
What was Jesus crown made of?
How do crowns work?
How do dental crowns work? Crowns fit on teeth much the same way sewing thimbles fit on fingertips – they fit over the top of a tooth and protect what's underneath it. They're cemented in place and, once affixed, act as a new top for the tooth while holding it together and keeping it from breaking apart.
What was Jesus found guilty of?
According to the Gospels, the Sanhedrin, an elite council of priestly and lay elders, arrested Jesus during the Jewish festival of Passover, deeply threatened by his teachings. They dragged him before Pilate to be tried for blasphemy—for claiming, they said, to be King of the Jews.
What does the crown on your head mean?
Crown can mean the top of the head and it can also mean the whole head. In the study of human anatomy the terms "Calvaria, "skullcap", "skull cap", or the "roof of the cranial cavity" are used for the top part of the head.
What does the Bible say about treasures in heaven?
What will we do with our crowns in heaven?
What have you done with crowns bestowed upon you on earth? Many have been stored away or even lost, but crowns received in heaven will be cast before Jesus' feet. (Rev. 4:10) We will lay them down as a tribute to the One who created us, saved us, gifted us, equipped us and lived in us!
How many levels are there in heaven?
seven levelsIn religious or mythological cosmology, the seven heavens refer to seven levels or divisions of the Heavens (Heaven). The concept, derived from ancient Mesopotamian religions, can be found in Judaism and Islam; a similar concept is also found in some Indian religions such as Hinduism.
What do crowns represent in the Bible?
What are the 3 levels of heaven?
What is the Hebrew word for crown?
Both tag and kether mean 'crown' in Aramaic and Hebrew respectively.
Does Jesus wear a crown?
According to three of the Gospels, a woven crown of thorns was placed on the head of Jesus during the events leading up to the crucifixion of Jesus. It was one of the instruments of the Passion, employed by Jesus' captors both to cause him pain and to mock his claim of authority.
What is the purpose of a crown?
What is a diadem in the Bible?
a crown. a cloth headband, sometimes adorned with jewels, formerly worn by monarchs in Asia Minor and other parts of the East. royal dignity or authority.


Use of Logistics Channel and Public and Private Distribution Facilities – For Material Sources
Use of Logistics Channel
The procurement cycle occurs at the manufacturer/supplier interface and includes all processes necessary to ensure that materials are available for manufacturing to occur according to schedule. During the procurement cycle, the manufacturer orders the components from suppliers that replenish the component inventories. The relationship is quite similar to that between a distributor and manufacturer, with one significant difference: whereas retailer or distributor orders are triggered by uncertain customer demand, component orders can be determined precisely once the manufacturer has decided what the production schedule will be. Component orders are dependent on the production schedule. Of course, if a supplier's lead times are long, the supplier has to produce to forecast because the manufacturer's production schedule may not be fixed that far in advance.
In practice, there are several tiers of suppliers, each producing a component for the next tier. A similar cycle would then flow back from one stage to the next. The processes are shown as below;
A firm can vary supply of product by controlling a combination of the following two factors:
 1. Production capacity
 2. Inventory
The objective is to maximize profits. Some of the specific approach to managing capacity and inventory are listed below:
 - Time flexibility of workforce so as to comfortably utilize the idle or unused space
 - Use of seasonal workforce so as to meet the sudden shoot in demand and not loose on the revenue thus generated.
 - Use of subcontracting so as to acquire an economical way since it works out to be cheaper.
 - Use of dual facilitiesdedicated and flexible so as to produce at a relatively steady rate with fluctuations being absorbed by the flexible facility.
 - Designing product flexibility into the production processes, modification in layout, so as to meet the sudden demand as well as effectively extract the best possible from all the resources in an accommodating and flexible manner.
Managing inventory by:
 - Using common components across multiple products, which would facilitate a relatively constant overall demand.
 - Build inventory of high demand or predictable demand products, which helps in synchronization of supply and demand making the utmost and optimum use of seasonal and off seasonal advantage.
Use of Public and Private distribution facilities:
This aspect involves a two-fold consideration
 1. From the transportation point of view
 2. From the warehousing point of view
As can be clearly understood, transportation involves either owning the means of transport or appointing an agency for transport commonly known as outsourcing of transportation service. This has to be analyzed considering the long-term benefits, the cost-benefits, the responsive benefit, and efficiency, comparing the estimated results in both the cases – owned as well as outsourced. Again if the lead time is high, the location facility if at a greater proximity to the suppliers, and if the cost structure is suitable to the company the company shall go ahead to establish its own infrastructure to increase the transportation efficiency. This is mostly the case with companies that practice just in time method and is affiliated to a reduced inventory system. Similarly, the reason not many companies owning is its involves huge capital investment, increased complications, increased labour and the like. Companies now a days also design their own shapes in the trucks and other means of transport so as to accommodate maximum in the limited possible space.
A warehouse, may be, privately owned and operated by company making its own goods known as private warehouse and a warehouse may be owned and operated by another organization, including a government agency, and only used by a company on certain terms and conditions known as public ware house.
Irrespective of whether a warehouse is privately or publicly owned, the following factors have to be taken into account to work out the cost of storage:
 - Interest on the cost of buying the site
 - Interest on the cost of furniture
 - Cost of repairs and maintenance
 - Depreciation on building and equipment
 - Insurance
If productivity (or efficient use) of the warehouse can be increased by 20% there is an equivalent reduction in costs per unit handled and processed. There are fixed costs in the shape of the cost of space per square meter or per cubic meter, which have to be borne, whether or not the warehousing is operating. Maximum efficiency is obtained by processing a larger number of units through the warehouse space. The larger the number of processed units, the lower the cost per unit. There is nothing as a better or the best option but both have their sets of advantages and disadvantages and a company should critically evaluate all the expenses related and accordingly decide the better and the most suitable option for itself. However it is always advised to use a perfect blend of both, private as well as public warehouses. Also, private warehouses need not be owned, they can be rented or leased with or without equipment.
Source: ( Extracted from 60408786-Logistics-Book)
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Silver Karshapana of Matsya Janapada
13 Oct 2020 Tue
The word Janapada is derived from a Sanskrit word 'Jana' and 'Pada'. Jana means 'people' or 'subject' and the word 'Pada' means 'foot'.
The janapada were the kingdoms of the Indian Vedic period reaches from the Late Bronze Age into the Iron Age. There were nearly around 16th Mahajanapadas, most of the states were annexed by more powerful neighbours, although some remained independent.
The Matsya Janapadas was one of the sixteen Mahajapadas. In Sanskrit, the word Matsya is known as 'Fish'. Today it is a modern part of central Rajasthan. The people of Matsya Janapada are also associated with Surasena (Uttar Pradesh) was also an ancient kingdom of India.
This silver karshapana that weighs around 11.41g was issued from Matsya Janapada.
Image Courtesy: Imperial Auction
Knowledge Base


pet products
parakeet in a nest box
Do Parakeets need a nest box? ( Rest, Sleep, Breeding )
If you're preparing to get a pet parakeet, you may be pondering over whether or not your parakeet needs a nest or nest box. Knowing what to buy and what not to buy for a new pet, especially a pet that is not as common as a cat or a dog, can be perplexing.
The question is, does a domestic parakeet that has all the comforts of life provided by a human caretaker really need a nest? Do they sleep in one, breed in one?
Parakeets need a nest for breeding, resting, and privacy. Domestic parakeets do not build nests, so one will need to be provided for them in captivity. In the wild parakeets will use hollow trees and other places to rest. Breeding parakeets need a special nesting box, a place where they can lay eggs and protect them.
What kind of nest does a parakeet need?
In the wild, the majority of parakeets build their nests in holes in trees. However, the Monk Parakeet builds a bulky stick nest in the branches of a tree, for sleeping in and for raising its young.
In captivity, nothing this elaborate—or traditionally nest-y—is necessary. Parakeets are low maintenance birds and do not require a conventional nest; they simply need somewhere for privacy and rest.
Your parakeet will be happy with a small enclosure inside its cage that it can go inside, be unseen, and get some sleep. An excellent choice is a small hut with a soft sleeping mat inside.
wild parakeet nesting
What does a pet Parakeet need besides a nest?
First, the bigger the parakeet cage, the better. Opt for the largest enclosure in your budget and that you have space for in your home. The cage should be no smaller than 18" x 18" x 24" and should have several perches for your parakeet to stand on.
We like the Prevue Hendryx Cage from Amazon ( Link )
Line the aviary with bedding made of recycled paper, or you can use a specific cage liner. Replace the lining no less than every other day; parakeets despise an untidy living environment.
Place your parakeet's cage below eye level and away from the kitchen and any windows. Parakeets have a sensitivity to smoke and strong odors, so they should be kept safely away from anywhere they could be exposed to such irritants. A nest box is another way to escape the bright light or sunshine.
Your parakeet also needs food, water, and toys in their cage.
A parakeet should eat a balanced diet of pellets, bird seed blend, fresh fruits and vegetables, treats, and plenty of water, which should be changed every day.
The types of toys parakeets enjoy playing with are bells, chew toys, puzzles, creative/fun perches, ladders, and swings.
A cuttlebone is also something important for a parakeet to have in their cage. Parakeets use cuttlebones to smooth their growing beak, almost like a nail file for humans. It also provides nutrients that are otherwise difficult for your parakeet to get in their diet.
Some people have concerns about letting their parakeets have cuttlebones, but it's a 100% natural product; it's the endoskeleton, or inner bone, of a cuttlefish. The Humane Society has ruled that it is entirely safe for parakeets to have cuttlebones.
Parakeets Sleeping Habits
In captivity, parakeets typically sleep on the same schedule as their caretakers and nap during the day, much like cats or dogs. However, parakeets are a bit finicky over sleeping conditions, and there are a few things that will affect the quality of a parakeet's sleep:
 - Parakeets don't like total darkness—Either get them a night light or don't cover their cage completely at night.
 - Parakeets scare easily by loud noises—Make sure they have somewhere quiet to rest and try not to make loud, abrupt sounds while they're sleeping.
 - Parakeets do not like messy cages—Clean their cage regularly, or you will get some sass from your parakeet.
 - Parakeets do not like it too cold or too hot—Keep the temperature in their cage environment from 70°-80°F.
Other than that, it's quite simple, parakeets like a quiet, private, warm place to cuddle up and sleep. As long as you've provided a comfortable nest for your parakeet and you make sure that it has prime sleeping conditions, your parakeet should rest easily.
You should make sure that your parakeet gets enough rest (9-12 hours per day) because it will get cranky if it doesn't. A soft sleeping nest like the Keeris Soft nest box on Amazon will provide a safe, warm, and dark place to rest or sleep.
parakeet in a nest
Do you need a nest or nest box to breed Parakeets?
Yes, parakeets can breed in captivity. It's not very difficult. Under the optimal conditions, parakeets will breed with little encouragement from their caretakers.
Two parakeets of the opposite sex in a cage together will typically pair up, but if it does not happen right away, give it a few days before intervening.
Some pairs of parakeets chosen to mate will fail to bond after having been stuck in a cage together. It's common for a fail-bond pair to be defensive and hostile towards one another. In this case, take a step back and reconsider your matchmaking. Re-pair your parakeets and try again.
Breeding Season
The parakeet mating season is during the wet spring season and the summer. Still, parakeets in the northern United States breed during the entire year. However, they do need daylight hours to trigger the mating instinct.
Breeding Age
Parakeets mature to breeding age at around six months, but you shouldn't breed them until at least ten months. You should not breed a parakeet at six months because they aren't ready to be good parents just because they have reached physical maturity; they still have brain development to finish, and they need to reach mental maturity, which doesn't happen until at least ten months.
Nesting Requirements
A parakeet breeding cage's dimensions should be no less than 25" x 15" x 15". The breeding pair should be in this cage alone, away from all the other parakeets. The breeding cage should have all of the cage amenities detailed in the sections above, plus a nesting box, which you should affix to the side of the cage.
Just as with nests, in the wild, parakeets breed in holes in trees. For successful breeding in captivity, you need to simulate a hole in a tree—nesting boxes made of wood with holes for the parakeets to enter and exit work perfectly for this.
PINVNBY Parakeet Nest Box Bird House Budgie Wood Breeding Box for Lovebirds, Parrotlets Mating Box (M: inch)
 in stock
as of August 5, 2021 08:18
You should line the inside of the nesting box with something for the female to lay her eggs on, such as soft nesting material.
Some parakeets won't use the nesting box and will lay eggs on the floor of their cage. You can teach your parakeet to use the nesting box by placing her eggs inside the nesting box to show her that's where she should lay her eggs in the future.
Parakeet Nesting Behaviors
When your parakeet becomes a parent, its behavior will likely change. Like any parent in the animal kingdom, parakeets experience the natural instinct to protect their young. Hormones that parakeets begin to release when protecting their eggs cause them to display increased aggression rather commonly.
You should avoid handling your parakeet during this stage of early parenthood. Over time, the hormones will subside. Your parakeet will return to the personality it had before becoming a parent; it may even allow you to play with its babies.
Final Thoughts
A nest is a place where your parakeet can feel safe and secure. They will not build one so remember to buy a suitable nest box or build one yourself if you want you parakeet to relax and enjoy their home.


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Public Law 78-534 ~ The Flood Control Act of 1944
This gives NRCS the authority to assist local units of government to plan and install measures to reduce runoff in 11 selected pilot watersheds in the nation. The Salem Fork, Tenmile Creek watershed in West Virginia was one of those eleven pilot watersheds.
Public Law 83-566 ~ The Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act of 1954
This gives NRCS the authority to assist local units of government to plan and install needed water management and flood prevention measures in watersheds throughout the nation.
Watershed Projects Benefit West Virginia Communities
West Virginia has over a $2 billion infrastructure that provides over $72 million in benefits each year. NRCS has designed and installed 170 watershed dams and 22 channels throughout West Virginia.
· Flood Control
· Water Supply
· Erosion Control
· Wildlife Habitat


Woman wearing blazer
Possibly a development of the nautical reefer jacket, a blazer is a loose-fitting and lightweight flannel sports jacket. Coming in both double-or single-breasted styles, although most are double-breasted, a blazer is generally tailored in either plain navy or black, has brass buttons, two side vents, is thigh length and in many cases has a breast-pocket badge. A well-constructed blazer can make even a pair of jeans appear smart. The blazer is generally considered to be a vital component of the "preppy" or "British look."
History of the Blazer
The familiar navy blazer traces its origins back to the captain of the frigate HMS Blazer, who had short double-breasted jackets cut in navy blue serge for his scruffy-looking crew when Queen Victoria visited his ship in 1837. The crew's "blazers" with their shining brass Royal Navy buttons impressed the Queen and soon became part of their dress uniform.
It is believed that the heavier double-breasted reefer jacket was the inspiration for the captain's original blazer design. What is less clear is how and why the naval blazer came to be worn by civilians. One likely explantion, and probably why so many owners of yachts and other sailing vessels wear blazers, is that many people who had no obvious association with the sea or indeed the navy could still have blazer jackets made originally for maritime experiences. With traditional outfitters such as Gieves and Hawkes, on London's Savile Row, cutting blazers for Royal Naval officers it is likely that many civilians would get their own tailors to copy a version for them. If buttons with emblems were not used then simple flat brass buttons were, although it would then become difficult to distinguish the blazer from the other sports jackets.
Divorced from any military background, the single-breasted blazer was the favored style of club jacket worn by rowing clubs in the nineteenth century. These would be made up in college, school, or club colors to be worn at special outdoor sporting events, such as the Henley Royal Regatta. Crests and other insignia were often embroidered in heavy gold thread on the left breast pocket, and the buttons were similar to those used by the navy. Men who were not in a sporting club might still wear a blazer but, as with the naval-inspired version, more likely using enamel buttons instead of brass.
Worn by many Europeans for both work and leisure and popularized by Brooks Brothers for the American market in the early twentieth century (and later in bright colors, such as bottle green or yellow, for golf attire), the authentic British blazer (and its imitations) have held a minor but consistent place in the male wardrobe for decades. The blazer's most recent revival was as essential executive dress in the 1980s, often worn with open shirt and cravat. Its popularity is limited somewhat by its reputation as being too formal for the young, and too stuffy for the "casual dress" office.
See also Jacket; Sports Jacket.
Hardy Amies. A,B,C of Men's Fashion. London: Cahill and Company Ltd., 1964.
Byrde, Penelope. The Male Image:-Men's Fashion in England _PHONE_. London: B. T. Batsford Ltd., 1979.
De Marley, Diana. Fashion for Men: An Illustrated History. London: B. T. Batsford Ltd., 1985.
Keers, Paul. A Gentleman's Wardrobe. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1987.
Wilkins, Christobel. The Story of Occupational Costume. Poole: Blandford Press, 1982.


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Are you concerned about poor management, lack of representation or corruption in your municipal government? Or simply interested in how to make your city's administration more democratic? UN-HABITAT has developed the Urban Governance Index (UGI) for this purpose. Its indicators will allow you to measure the quality of your city's urban governance on the basis of how accountable, effective, equitable and participatory it is. Ultimately good urban governance is one of the best indicators of the quality of life for a city's inhabitants.
The Urban Governance Index is now available as a downloadable programme and on CD-Rom. Once you access it, we highly recommend you use this tool as part of a participatory workshop. This is because using the UGI is as much about the process as the final score. Assessing your city in a participatory, transparent workshop is in itself an excellent way of practicing good urban governance: you can involve and focus on the needs of excluded groups -- like women and the poor -- as you help raise awareness of good urban governance around the world. And your assessment will help you identify your city's governance priorities and set targets for measuring their progress. We encourage you to submit your results for inclusion in our global urban database. Please send us your results at _EMAIL_.


Noise (economic)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Economic noise, or simply noise, describes a theory of pricing developed by Fischer Black. To Black, noise is the opposite of information. Sometimes it's hype, other times it's inaccurate ideas, other times it's inaccurate data; noise has many forms. Noise is everywhere in the economy and we can rarely tell the difference between it and information.
Noise has two broad implications.
 - It allows speculative trading to occur (see below).
 - It is indicative of market inefficiency.
People trade speculatively because they disagree about the future; this company will grow a great deal over the next three years, this commodity will become cheaper starting next month, and so on. These disagreements stem from the fact that everyone interprets information or data differently and subjectively. Because some of the complex nature of the world's markets, not all market data is "information." Much of the price fluctuations we see on a day-to-day basis are due to random change rather than meaningful trends. Thus, the problem of discerning the real information from the noise presents itself. This problem is what drives trading in a market; if everyone knew all things, then no trades would occur because there is general agreement on how the economy will unfold. In real life, however, trades occur as a kind of bet on what is noise and what is information; generally the more skillful, and technologically advanced, "gambler" wins.
This trade takes place between what Black calls information traders and noise traders, where the former operates based on accurate information and the latter trades based on noise. Unfortunately, there is no way of precisely parsing the noise and information from a data stream or signal, so the so-called noise traders tend to think that they, in fact, trade on information that others in the market simply reject as noise. Thus, methods of parsing noise and information from a signal are becoming increasingly important in the market-place, especially as strategies used by high-tech alternative investment firms, such as some hedge funds.
Business Cycles[edit]
A particular type of trader Black makes special mention of is the entrepreneur. Like the above-mentioned traders, entrepreneurs have theories about what will happen and what is happening. In this case, though, they have theories as to what people want. When they are correct, there is a little boom; I make what you want, you make what I want, we trade and we are happy.
But the world has noise and entrepreneurs make mistakes. They make things others don't want. Thus, they don't work as hard, money is wasted and the economy is harmed. When this happens on a massive scale, there is a bust.
Critics argue that this disobeys the law of large numbers; with so many entrepreneurs trying, the aggregate success rate will be constant. (This assumes that producers are more or less independent; critics say they are, proponents say they're more interconnected.)
Noise is everywhere and people make it all the time. Black argues that econometrics is filled with it in the forms of unobservables and mis-measurement. No matter how many variables one puts into a model, there are always more to add but can't (ones you can't observe) and the ones you have will always have error. This is how noise manifests in econometrics (as well as poor interpretation of regressions, such as assuming correlation means causation).
 - Noise. Fischer Black. Journal of Finance, 1986.


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You are here
Garden Category: Kahanu
Wander leisurely around the garden and linger at what intrigues you – plants, archaeological and cultural features. You create your own adventure. Meet the people of Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia through the plants that are so integral to their culture.
Visit the thatched canoe house and imagine what it might have been like to travel great distances across open ocean not knowing what you would find. Experience the spirit (mana) of the chiefs of old and savor the serenity of this secluded place.
No reservations required.
A guided tour of Kahanu Garden will reward you with a deeper experience and sense of place. Your guide will reveal archaeological features and intriguing stories not covered in the self-guided tour, and share with you the captivating tales of a region so rooted in history.
Hear the mo'olelo (stories) of ancient Hawai'i and of Chief Pi'ilani who ruled over these lands in the 16th century. You will see firsthand some of the traditional uses of the plants brought to the islands by the first Hawaiians. Many of our guides grew up in this culturally rich region and are experts in practices and traditions passed down to them by their elders.


How do I add contactless key tags?
There are 2 contactless key tags supplied with the Yale Unity Entrance Lock. A contactless key tag can be added to the lock via the Yale Access App. Follow the steps below;
 1. Tap the guest list icon.
 2. Select invite
 3. Select contactless Key Only
 4. Name the contactless key
 5. Select the lock that the contactless key will be paired too.
 6. Wait for the Bluetooth connection to the lock
 7. Have the contactless key ready
 8. Once prompted by the app, tap the contactless key on the contactless key reader on the front of the lock.
Once a contactless key is created the access can be set.
 - 'Always', for unlimited access for kids and family members
 - 'Reoccurring', for someone like a service person; for example, every Monday at 10am
 - 'Temporary access' for a limited date a time period you choose, once the set time ends, keys are automatically deleted so they can never be reused.
All keys can be deleted at any time for any reason.
Click ok when you're done.


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Tackling Cancer Pain – A toolkit for patients and families was Highly Commended at the British Medical Association (BMA) Patient information awards 2016.
The reviewer said 'This resource is of an exceptionally high standard; the amount of effort that went into producing and reviewing it is clear. It's very well-presented, and contains a large amount of helpful information in a clear and easy to read way. This really is an excellent resource.'
The purpose of Tackling Cancer Pain is to provide evidence-based information and practical advice for patients and families about self-management of advanced cancer pain. The resource comprises a booklet in the form of a compact loose-leaf A5 ring binder with a DVD attached to the inside front cover. Both were designed on the basis of an extensive literature review and user involvement and produced with the input of professional film-makers and designers. The booklet and DVD contain essentially the same information but in different formats and are structured so that they can be used independently by patients or family members. They can also form the basis for one-to-one or group education or coaching from a health professional. Clear guidance is given in each chapter about how to use the information presented. Step-by-step tuition is provided on non-pharmacological pain relief measures such as relaxation and visualisation, and on how to initiate and conduct conversations about pain with health professionals.


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File/Folder Collaboration Policies are supported for Box, Google Drive, and GSuite.
There are two ways to handle responses for Folder/File policies: Modify permissions or quarantine/delete.
To create a Folder/File policy:
- Go to Policy > DLP Policies.
- Click Actions > Create New Policy.
- Under Rules, select Collaboration.
- Choose Folder/File Collaboration.
- Add any option keywords or data identifiers.
- Choose one of the following:
- Modify permissions to enact the policy when a sensitive file is shared with domains that match a policy, or when a shared file is updated with sensitive information.
IMPORTANT: Policies with a Modify permissions response action do not recursively modify permissions on all parent folders that contain a sensitive file.
- Quarantine or Delete to enact the policy when a sensitive file is shared with domains that match a policy, or when a previously shared file is updated with sensitive content. They are also enacted when a sensitive file is uploaded in a folder that has already been shared with domains that match a policy.


You are here
Green Currency: Bringing Lights and Income to Poor Coconut Farmers
This policy, developed in the city of Tayabas, aims to reduce poverty through income generation, job creation, and access to light provision for coconut farmers living in the slopes of Mount Banahaw of Quezon Province, a volcano located at the boundary of Laguna and Tayabas (Quezon province).
Due to the physical and financial constraints experienced by the coconut farmers, such as remoteness and poverty, environmentally harmful activities have been conducted by them in order to survive and great amounts of coconut husks get discarded, leaving them to rot, or are used as burning fuel. These communities are also deprived of basic commodities such as electric power and, consequently, lighting. Nevertheless, the territories in which these upland coconut farmers dwell are rich in hydric resources such as rivers and creeks.
The policy/project described here aimed to develop an alternative and innovative paying scheme, using the river currents to generate clean electricity through a micro dam installed on Mount Banahaw that, in turn, provides energy to a battery recharging facility. Batteries and light bulbs have been distributed to provide lighting to the households scattered throughout the mountain, thus improving the quality of life of the coconut farmers. Beneficiaries of the lighting systems and batteries have been trained on how to process coconut fibre. Fibre twinning and looming machines have been distributed and installed and the beneficiaries are already producing coconut fibre nets.
As of May 2007, 25 households had been provided with lights and a total of 40 households had been provided with a coconut fibre livelihood. This livelihood has provided three times more income than previous incomes and many people have stopped their environmentally destructive livelihood activities. In 2007, the project ambitiously planned to expand to at least 100,000 more household beneficiaries over the next 10-15 years (Baroña-Cruz 2007). The Philippine Coconut Authority in the region now adopts this project approach in its own fibre development programs.
The policy demonstrates a very efficient mechanism of community involvement, economic production, and environmental sustainability, which, nevertheless, can be replicated only if its principles are adapted to the context. The concepts on which the policy was built and implemented were wisely conceived and thought out with reference to several complementary aspects of the coconut production chain and its interlinkages, and available markets. Thanks to the technology, the voluntary work, and the synergies between different sectors a sustainable chain of coconut fibre was formed without waste nor damage to the environment, and with a spatially proximate economic cycle of production. The coconut market chain determined possibilities for farmers' adoption of these processes and for the creation of 'productive capacities' within the communities of Philippine coconut farms, identified and enabled through university-based research and the local government. If the ability to reproduce this cycle and this mechanism are created, then the policy can be successfully replicated in other contexts.


written in). This allows the browser, for example, to display the appropriate UI elements to the user or in development tools.
The Lifecycle of a Response
Status codes also tell the Google crawler what to do: pages responding with 200 OK status codes will be indexed, pages responding with 500 errors will be revisited later, and the crawler will follow redirection instructions from pages responding with 300-series status codes.
The Lifecycle of a Response
For these reasons, we want to be as precise as possible when choosing a status code.
(Pro-tip: you can learn a lot more about status codes by going to _URL_
The simplest responses are the ones that require no response body. Even better, we can tell the browser not to even expect a response body by choosing the correct status code.
For example, let's say our Safari Controller has an eat_hippo action:
class SafariController < ApplicationController
 def eat_hippo
 consume_hippo if @current_user.lion?
 head :no_content # 204
 end
end
The action allows the current user to consume the hippo as long as they are a lion. Then it responds with a simple 204, which means "the server has successfully fulfilled the request and there is no additional content to send in the response body." In Safari speak, that's "the lion successfully ate the hippo and we can expect the hippo to have no body"....or something.
In Rails, the head method is shorthand for "respond only with this status, headers, and an empty body." The head method takes a symbol corresponding to a status, in this case :no_content for "204."
Redirects
Another common set of status codes is the 300 series: redirects.
For example, if we send a GET request to "_URL_", the find_hippo action redirects us to the oasis_url because it's the dry season and the hippos have moved to find water.
The Lifecycle of a Response
The Rails redirect_to method responds with a 302 Found status by default and includes a Location "header" (more on headers below) with the URL to which the browser should redirect. This status tells the browser "the hippo resides temporarily at the oasis URL. Sometimes the hippo resides elsewhere, so always check this location first."
But let's say the hippo has moved to the oasis permanently, maybe because of global warming. In this case, we could pass a status to redirect_to:
The Lifecycle of a Response
The :moved_permanently symbol corresponds with a 301 status code. This says to the browser, "the hippo has moved permanently to the oasis, so whenever you are looking for the hippo, look in the oasis." The next time you try to visit the hippo at /find-hippo, your browser can automatically visit /oasis instead without having to make the extra request to /find-hippo.
Alternatively, we could add the following to our routes file:
The Lifecycle of a Response
Handling the redirect in the routes file allows us to remove the controller action altogether. The redirect helper in the router responds with a 301 as well.
Danger! There is one important thing to note about the redirect_to method. The controller continues to execute the code in the action even after you've called redirect_to. For example, take a look at this version of the find_hippo action:
The Lifecycle of a Response
Because we didn't return when we called redirect_to, we actually hit both the redirect and render, so Rails doesn't know which response to respond with (a 301 or a 200?). Rails will throw a Double Render Error.
The Lifecycle of a Response
And fixed. By moving the redirect into a before_action, we ensure that render doesn't also get called because we now skip our entire controller action.
Status codes are a very concise way of conveying important information to the browser, but often, we need to include additional instructions to the browser about how to handle our response. Enter, headers.
The Lifecycle of a Response
Headers
Headers are included in a hash as the second item in the response array that our Rails app returns to our web server.
Headers are simply additional information about the response. This information might provide directions for the browser, such as whether and for how long to cache the response. Or it might provide metadata to use in a JavaScript client app.
We already talked about the Location header, which is used by the browser to know where it should redirect to.
Some other common headers you might see in a Rails app include:
 - The Content-Type response header tells the browser what the content type of the returned content actually is—for example, an image, an html document, or just plain unformatted text. The browser checks this in order to know how to display the response in the UI.
 - The Content-Length header tells the browser the length in bytes of the response. For example, you might send a HEAD request to an endpoint. That endpoint can respond with head :ok and a Content-Length so you can see how many bytes its response would be (in order to generate a download percentage, for example) without having to wait for the entire body to download (thus negating the usefulness of a download percentage). This header is set automatically by the Rack::ContentLength middleware.
 - The Set-Cookie header includes a semi-colon separated key-value string representing the cookies shared between the server and the browser. For example, Rails sets a cookie to track a user's requests across a session. Cookies in Rails are managed by a class called, no joke, the CookieJar.
These headers, and many more, are managed automatically by Rails. You can also set a header manually using response.headers like this:
response.headers['HEADER NAME'] = 'header value'
HTTP Caching
Headers can be used to give the browser directions about caching. "HTTP caching" is when your browser (or a proxy of the browser) stores an entire HTTP response. The next time you make a request to that endpoint, the response can be shown to you more quickly.
The Lifecycle of a Response
Caching behavior varies depending on the status code returned in the response, which is yet another reason that status codes are important.
The main header used to control caching behavior is, not surprisingly, called the Cache-Control header. Let's look at some examples.
(Pro-tip: You can turn on caching in development by running rails dev:cache.)
Hippos are pretty big and difficult to render, so maybe we should just render the hippo once, then cache it forever. The controller method http_cache_forever allows us to do this.
The Lifecycle of a Response
It sets the Cache-Control header's max-age directive to 3 billion, 155 million, 695 thousand and 200 seconds (or one century, which is basically forever in computer years). It also sets the private directive, which tells the browser and all browser proxies along the way that "This is a private hippo and she would prefer to be cached only by this user's browser and not by a shared cache."
The private directive means only the account owner should have access to the response. The browser can cache it, but a cache between your server and the client, such as a "content distribution network" (or CDN), should not. If we want to allow caching by shared caches, we can just pass public: true to http_cache_forever to tell browser proxies that we're OK with them caching the hippo response along the way to the browser.
The Lifecycle of a Response
For another example of indefinite caching, let's include a picture of our hippo in the template. When we visit the page and look at the image source, we notice that Rails didn't just serve up the image at /assets/hippo.png. Instead, it served the image at /assets/hippo-gobbledygook.png.
The Lifecycle of a Response
What is that about?
When the server serves our image, it sets the Cache-Control header to the equivalent of http_cache_forever. Browsers and browser proxies, like the CDN I mentioned before, will cache that hippo pic forever.
But what if we change the picture? How will our users access the most up-to-date hippo pix on the interwebs?!
The answer is "fingerprinting." The "gobbledygook" is actually the image's "fingerprint," and it's generated every time the Rails asset pipeline compiles the image based on the content of the image. If the image changes, the fingerprint linked in the html changes, and instead of showing the user the cached hippo pic, the browser will retrieve the new version of the image.
OK...back to response caching...
Was it really smart to cache the entire hippo forever? Hippos only live for about 40 years, and surely they change throughout their lives? Maybe we should only cache the hippo for an hour.
The Lifecycle of a Response
The expires_in controller method sets the Cache-Control header's max-age directive to the given amount of time. Now


Flow with Keet Shagoon
Hear artist Preston Singletary talk about the imagery in his work and how he uses the medium of glass to reconnect and reinterpret traditional Tlingit art and culture.
In addition to being a visual artist, Preston Singletary is a musician and member of Khu.éex', an Indigenous band. The band focuses on bringing awareness to social issues affecting Indigenous communities and keeping tribal culture and endangered ancient languages alive through music, storytelling, and art.
Listen to a Khu.éex' song. As you listen, think about the story being told through the song and how this might be visually represented in Keet Shagoon.
Excerpt from"Khu.éex': the Magic of Noise" by Heartstone Studios.
Watch this clip of Singletary describing how his glass art flows like music.
Singletary was inspired by YéilX'eenh (RavenScreen), which hangs in SAM's galleries across from Keet Shagoon. YéilX'eenh (Raven Screen) is an interior house screen like those that can be found in the clan houses of the Tlingit tribal community. These screens separate the chief's quarters from the rest of the clan house. The small hole in the middle of the screen acts as a portal that is used by the chief to make dramatic entrances when entertaining guests or at potlatches. The imagery on the screen depicts a family crest—in this case, it depicts Raven.
How are these artworks similar? How are they different?
How are the materials the artists use different?
What could these continuities and departures tell us?
Formline by Steve Brown, courtesy of Sealaska Heritage.
Both Keet Shagoon and YéilX'eenh use formline design, a stylistic approach that serves as the foundation for designs by artists from central British Columbia to southeast Alaska. Objects like animals or people are depicted with one continuous outline, called a form line, and then filled with different shapes that represent anatomical details like eyes, wings and fins, thus creating positive and negative space within the delineated object.
Formline designs are typically made up of four basic shapes. See how many you can identify in both the contemporary artwork and the traditional artwork the next time you visit SAM.
Images: Keet Shagoon (Killer Whale), 2003, Preston Singletary. Fused and sand carved glass, 72 x 92 x 3/8 in., Purchased in honor of John H. Hauberg with funds from the Mark Tobey Estate Fund, John and Joyce Price, the Native American Art Support Fund, Don W. Axworthy, Jeffrey and Susan Brotman, Marshall Hatch, C. Calvert Knudsen, Christine and Assen Nicolov, Charles and Gayle Pancerzewski, Sam and Gladys Rubinstein, SAM Docents, SAMS Supporters, Frederick and Susan Titcomb, and Virginia and Bagley Wright, 2003.12. © Preston Singletary. Yéil X'eenh (Raven Screen), ca. 1810, Native American, Kadyisdu.axch', Tlingit, Kiks.adi clan. Spruce, paint, 105 3/4 x 129 in. Gift of John H. Hauberg, 79.98.


Sun Java System Identity Synchronization for Windows 6.0 Installation and Configuration Guide
Retrieving the CA Certificate from the Directory Server Certificate Database
Ensure that you have enabled SSL in Directory Server. To export the Directory Server certificate to a temporary file so that you can import it into the certificate database of the Directory Server Connector, issue the following command:
\shared\bin\certutil.exe -L -d.
-P slapd-hostname- -n server-cert -a \ > C:\s-cert.txt
ISW-server-root is the path where ISW-hostname directory is present.
These examples are run in the alias directory immediately below the server root. Otherwise, Directory Server will not find the certificate database.


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This chapter discusses the OO (organizational ombudsman) in the context of organizational conflict management systems (CMS). The OO is a confidential, neutral, internal resource-formally independent of line and staff management-working informally, without decision-making power. OOs work with all employees and managers, and every workplace issue, as a "zero barrier" office. OOs seek fair processes for concerns brought to them. OOs refer to all formal and informal CMS options, identify "new" issues, and recommend systems improvements. The chapter discusses the emergence of the role in the context of social, political, and cultural changes over the past 50 years, especially in North America. It discusses the alternative dispute resolution movement-and concurrent emergence of the OO as an appropriate dispute resolution role within a CMS. It describes the functions-and competencies required-of ombudsmen, and discusses current challenges faced by those in OO roles.The full article is available by subscription only. (Oxford Handbooks Online.)
Related posts: Mary Rowe; Howard Gadlin.


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Goo Gone Topical & Surface Adhesive Remover
Micro-Scientific™ Goo Gone® Topical and Surface Adhesive Remover removes tape and adhesives completely and safely from instruments, equipment and containers. The unique formula painlessly removes tape and adhesives from skin and is non-irritating.
- Safe. Product is safe and compatible with all metals.
- Rapid and Effective. Removes tape and adhesives quickly and effortlessly.
- Painless. Does not harm skin while allowing removal of tape and adhesives without discomfort.
- Highly Concentrated. Low cost per use.
- Bacteriostatic. If stored properly, not favorable to bacterial growth.
- Biodegradable, phosphate-free formula.
- Form: Liquid
- Color: Blue
- Odor: Citrus
- pH Concentration: n.a.
- Usage: Room Temperature
- Storage: Cool, dry area
Saturate cotton swab or gauze with Micro-Scientific™ Goo Gone® Topical and Surface Adhesive Remover and apply it to the edge of the tape or adhesive. Pull the tape gently and keep applying Adhesive Remover. Use more Adhesive Remover if tape is being removed from hirsute areas. Wash skin with soap and water after use then rinse and dry with clean cloth. After using Adhesive Remover on instruments, equipment or containers, follow complete processing procedures again before proceeding with disinfection or sterilization.


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Using the Display Interface
With BlueZone, users have the ability to remove session text from the display session and paste it onto the Windows Clipboard. The Clipboard text can then be pasted back into another screen of the display session or into another Windows application. To cut session text to the clipboard:
Hold down the left mouse button while dragging the mouse pointer over the desired text; or, use the keyboard select functions: Left, Up, Right, Down, All.
Once the desired text is selected, release the left mouse button.
From the BlueZone MenuBar select Edit, Cut.
De-select Highlighted Text
To de-select the highlighted text without cutting it click the left mouse button; or use the keyboard select function Cancel.
View Text on Clipboard
Use the Clipboard Viewer application that comes with Windows.
To view the text in the correct context make sure the Display, OEM Text option is enabled in the Clipboard Viewer.
NOTE When using Edit, Cut to remove session text, only unprotected input data will be cut to the clipboard. Also, The Edit, Cut operation always functions as if Copy with Columns Aligned is enabled. For additional information, see Edit Property Sheet below in related topics.
Copying Text to a File
Copying Text to the Printer
Pasting Text into the Display Session


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Complex Neuronal Communication Behind Jump Execution
When danger looms, locusts on the ground leap and fly away. The timing and precision of that leap starts with the complex coding of visual information within a single neuron.
In the current edition of the journal Neuron, researchers at Baylor College of Medicine and the University of Utah uncovered three distinct features in the communication process of a sensory neuron that control distinct motor aspects of escape behavior "" firing rate threshold, peak firing time and spike count.
"This process has been studied for years but it is only now that we have been able to record firing rates of neurons in freely moving animals," said Dr. Fabrizio Gabbiani, associate professor of neuroscience at BCM. "When movement happens naturally, its relation to neuronal firing is interpreted more easily and accurately."
Jump muscles in the leg
Researchers at the University of Utah created a microchip used along with a digital telemetry system that allowed Haleh Fotowat, a graduate student in the department of neuroscience at BCM, to record the activity of the descending contralateral movement detector (DCMD) neuron and of thoracic motoneurons that control the jump muscles in the leg. The DCMD transmits visual information about the threat to these motoneurons in thoracic motor centers.
"We were able to measure the firing rate of the detector neuron and predict when the insect will jump," said Gabbiani.
In their study, researchers used an image that grew bigger and appeared to be getting closer to trigger the locust's jump.
The response of the DCMD can be summarized by three essential features: firing rate threshold, peak firing time and spike count.
"As the object gets bigger, the firing rate increases. When the firing rate crosses a certain threshold, about 220 spikes per second, we start to see what we call an initial energy storage phase. Muscles begin to contract to store energy, like loading a spring," said Gabbiani.
The firing rate reaches a peak and then begins to decrease. Researchers say the time of the peak predicts when locusts will jump. Whether locusts will jump at all depends on the number of spikes generated from the time the energy storage phase begins.
"If I know the time of the peak, then I know when they are going to jump," said Gabbiani. "Also, if they start storing energy late, then they can't generate enough spikes and you can predict with high accuracy that they won't jump."
The next step is to look at escape behaviors while the insect is in flight.
"Right now, we want to understand this process fully because this is the first time we see this type of encoding of information at different levels in a single neuron firing rate," said Gabbiani. "There is essentially no reason to believe that the encoding of escape behaviors would not be similar in other animals."
Others who took part in this study include Reid R. Harrison, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT. Gabbiani is also with the department of computational and applied mathematics at Rice University.
The study was funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory, the Human Frountier Science Program, the National Institute of Mental Health and the National Science Foundation.
On the Net:


Topic 5
Anatomy & Shot Placement
Anatomy & Shot Placement
Understanding the basic anatomy of an elk will help you make appropriate equipment and shot placement choices prior to your hunt.
Vital Organs
Let's first define the "vital organs" and the importance of choosing the vitals as an ethical shot. The most vital organs of elk and all game animals are the heart and lungs. A proper shot through the heart and/or lungs will offer the quickest kill, making it the most humane for the animal. These organs offer the best opportunity for a kill for firearm and archery hunters.
A double lung shot offers a hunter the best opportunity to take down an elk quickly. The lungs provide the largest target and by collapsing both lungs, the animal will be unable to travel a far distance. Though a heart shot will do the job as well, it presents a much smaller target and makes the margin of error smaller for the hunter. The heart is tucked behind the front shoulder towards the bottom of the body cavity. Miss low and you may miss all together, miss forward or high and you may hit shoulder blade (bone) losing necessary penetration.
Envision: You have an elk at 30 yards, whether you realize it or not your body will most likely release adrenaline and therefore you should expect heavier breathing, shaking and even enough excitement to make poor decisions. Would you rather have an inch margin of error or 4-5 inches?
Elk Shot Placement
Image Source: Wayne Trimm
So what tissue, muscle and bones do your arrows and bullets pass through to reach the vital organs?
By now, you have an understanding of just how BIG elk really are. For an animal of this size to support its weight, its "frame" or skeletal system must be sturdy and strong and must be supported by the necessary muscles and tissues for movement.
The scapula of an elk can have a thickness ranging from ¼ inch to 2 ½ inches! Add to that the thickness of the skin/hide, heavy muscles and tendons. There is a lot of matter your arrow or bullet must travel through to even REACH the vitals—and it still must PENETRATE them to make the kill!
Let's take a closer look at elk anatomy from different angles. A proper shot-placement opportunity makes for the most humane kill for the animal, and an easier recovery for you.
Only two shot angles offer shot-placement opportunities to make the ideal double lung or heart shot for both archery and firearm hunters. The hunter's ability to wait for one of these two shots will increase the chance of a successful harvest and decrease the chance of injury and non-recovery of the animal.
This is the ideal shot for most archery and firearm hunters. It provides the hunters with the largest target of the vital area behind the shoulder blade (scapula). Properly placed shots will have little bone to pass through, enabling more penetration to the vitals. This shot angle also provides the best opportunity to make a double-lung/heart shot and offers a quick humane kill.
Image Source:
Quartering Away
This shot offers another ideal shot-placement opportunity for hunters. The angle of the elk away from you will affect your shot placement for the proper entry and exit holes. An extreme quartering away shot will offer little room for error as the margin between the back hip and front shoulder shrinks as the angle of the elk away from the hunter increases. A slight quartering away angle will open up the vital area to the hunter and provide ample opportunity for a deep penetrating shot. The ability of a hunter to envision the arrow or bullet path through the elk is of high priority to successfully make a double lung shot.
Quatering Away
Image Source: Joe Lacefield
While elk will present hunters with other less-ideal shot opportunities such as a quartering toward shot, these shots are not recommended as there is a high chance of hitting bone, resulting in little to no penetration of the vitals. The ability for a hunter to successfully make a double-lung shot decreases and the margin of error becomes much smaller as well. Especially when taken by bowhunters, these shots present the most likelihood of injury to the animal causing potential infection and death over an extended period of time. Many hunters use calls to draw the bulls to get close. That presents a problem because the bulls usually walk straight towards the noise and don't present a broadside shot. Caller placement then becomes important.
Poor shot Placement
Image Source: Joe Lacefield


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In this paper the actual tasks of estimation azimuth in radio systems of short-range navigation (RSSRN) are presented. For example, these tasks are used in airplane landing systems. The estimation azimuth algorithms, that uses rejection of the passive interferences, are provides higher accuracy than algorithms without rejection. But the relation a signal/noise is decrease, therefore the signal energy must be increased. The estimation of maximal probability with using rejection of the passive interferences provides the best accuracy.
Date of Conference: 1-5 July 2004


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check that no read occurs to a location that is undefined. I will discuss this method and related issues in a later post.
Stopping Heap Spray—Other Approaches
There are several other methods for protecting against heap spray attacks. One project is called Nozzle and is work of Paruj Ratanaworabhan, Benjamin Livshits, and Benjamin Zorn of Microsoft. This method is really an intrusion detection method: it watches the memory and reports if it detects the presence of objects that contain executable code. One problem with this method is the existence of false positives. They note that often data stored by programs is legal code.
Another project is called BuBBle and is the work of Francesco Gadaleta, Yves Younan, and Wouter Joosen. They use a method very close to one I am suggesting. They replace parts of memory by random pieces—these random pieces cause the memory left by the attacker to be gone. This will cause the malware to cause an exception when it attempts to execute that part of memory. One problem is they only modify some of memory, and second is they need additional storage for the actual values of the modified memory.
Can theory help in other ways in building secure operating systems? Does the idea here have any use in fighting heap spray attacks? Can we use more crypto in making secure systems?


This wire study focused on simple geometry and repetition, causing an unknown final product. Creating simple rules for creating and combining shapes shifted focus from final product onto the creation of base units and their interaction with one another. When pieces were exponentially duplicated and combined, new geometries abounded, primarily spiraling for any triangular base units.
Wire Monster
Deconstructed Pyramids | First Year


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coffin, closed receptacle for a corpse. Its purpose is usually to protect and to aid preservation of the body, although in the past some have believed that it may confine the spirit of the deceased. Bark, skins, and mats were commonly used in primitive societies to wrap the body prior to burial. Peoples living near rivers or oceans often buried their dead in canoes, and hollowed oak coffins have been found in the Bronze Age barrow. The Chaldaeans and the early Greeks enclosed a corpse in clay, sealing the coffin by firing it. The largest known stone coffins (see sarcophagus) are Egyptian. Wood and papier-mâché were also used in Egypt for mummy chests. Coffins lined with metal, usually lead, came into use in the Middle Ages. Most coffins used in the Western world today are made of elm or oak and are lined with bronze, copper, lead, or zinc.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
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 1. Function: noun
 Definition: an unfinished treehouse: a treehouse your father got really psyched about building until he zoned out
 Word History: "treehouse" dropping the "se"
 Example Sentence: The roof of my new treehou doesn't protect from the rain very well.
 Submitted by: Cinderella Jelly from MA on 01/16/2008 02:07
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 Definition: a person who hugs trees: a person who believes in environmental causes
 Example Sentence: My dad is a treehugger!
 Submitted by: Vicki from Texas, USA on 02/11/2008 07:02
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 Definition: full of trees: having a lot of trees in one place
 Example Sentence: The forest was treeish and very green.
 Submitted by: Jae from California on 09/18/2008 08:40
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 Definition: to be territorial about a specific tree or group of trees
 Example Sentence: Many squirrels are treeitorial and defend their trees by fighting over them.
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 Example Sentence: Don't step on the treeling, please.
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 Example Sentence: I felt treenormus.
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 Word History: It comes from the words "tree bark" combined with the word "paper."
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