The FEI Proposes New Rules on Pony Measuring: Why? What are they? How will they affect you?
If you are reading this article, you probably know the difference between a pony and a horse and have heard the terms "measuring in" and "measuring out" bandied about. But did you know that the FEI is proposing to dramatically revise the Pony measuring rules? This could have a massive impact on Pony owners, so we recommend you read carefully and raise any concerns you may have with your National Federations or with the FEI directly.
What are the current rules?
Under the current rules, ponies are measured at FEI events handpicked by the FEI Veterinary Department. Two measuring vets assess the ponies at these selected events using FEI certified and calibrated measuring sticks.
If you are a pony owner, the somewhat arbitrary figure of 150cm may strike fear into you because it is currently the maximum height allowed for a pony (without shoes) on competition day. Outside of competition, 148cm (without shoes) is the maximum height. Non-pony-owners might be surprised to know that ponies can 'grow' by several centimetres when under competition pressure, due to muscle exertion and sweat. Additionally, measuring conditions at events are not always perfect – there have been some controversial cases over the last few years where the measuring ground surface was found to be uneven, adding phantom centimetres to pony height. This is the reason for the FEI allowing 2cm of leeway as they explain that this compensates for any uncertainty around uneven surfaces
If a pony measures above the 150cm mark, it will not be able to compete that day. But all is not lost; an appeal can be made, leading to an appeal measurement within 40 days. The appeal measurement is done outside of event conditions and your pony has the chance to shrink back down and be called a pony again under FEI rules.
Photo © Emily McNeill
Why does the FEI want to change the rules?
The FEI identified several motivating factors behind the new proposals.
First, the FEI acknowledges the unnecessary stress, particularly for children, caused by measuring at competitions. Pony measuring – and incidental disputes – undoubtedly increase an already pressured environment. Pony measuring stress is not limited to children; it also draws in their parents and trainers. Nobody wants to travel hours to a competition, only to be told to turn around and go home again. And for those of us who are parents, we all know that there is nothing that induces stress more than the possibility of deeply disappointing our children. This makes for an explosive combination when pony measuring at events goes badly.
Additionally, the FEI believes that the 150cm limit allows ponies that are too large to compete – they think this current upper measurement is too high and needs to be curtailed.
The FEI also has efficiency on its mind. They want to eradicate the appeals system, which they believe wastes time and money. They are concerned about cases where a pony exceeded the maximum height (or 'measured out') at competition, then has a successful appeal measurement within 40 days… and then goes on to measure out at an event later that year. The FEI thinks the new proposals will prevent that from happening and therefore level the playing field for true ponies.
So… what are the new proposals?
The FEI is proposing doing away with pony measuring at competitions and instead implementing a system of global measuring sessions, undertaken yearly in each country or region. The maximum height would be reduced from 150cm without shoes to 148cm without shoes (149cm with shoes)
The FEI has suggested that the measuring sessions could take place between January 1 and March 15 each year, with an option for other sessions after this period. The sessions will take place at set measuring stations, with the FEI aiming to place at least one in each European country. The FEI proposes a complete revamp of the measuring stations under the new system. To ensure the stations are fair and consistent, the FEI has stated that there must be a flat measuring pad for ponies to stand on, an area to walk the ponies in hand, an area for ponies to urinate and finally an area for lunging and riding. There will be a measurement fee, which has not yet been set, charged for each pony.
The actual method used to measure the ponies may also evolve, as the FEI looks to increase efficiency and accuracy. The FEI is looking into using a recently developed laser device that works by sending a laser beam to the ground once placed on top of a pony. High tech!
If a pony 'measures in' the pony's profile in the FEI database will be updated to include the measurement result and the FEI will issue it with a measuring certificate. Going forward, only ponies with an FEI measuring certificate will be allowed to enter FEI pony competitions.
Ponies will need to be measured every year, until they reach eight years old. Once a pony reaches eight, the FEI will issue a lifetime certificate.
Photo © Emily McNeill
How will these proposals affect you? Should you be concerned?
If the new pony measurement proposals are accepted by National Federations, the transition period in which newly registered ponies would go through the new system, would begin on January 1, 2020 and end on January 1, 2023. During this period the FEI would carry out measuring only at three events: the European Pony Championships, the Nations Cup Final, and the Pony Trophy Final.
If your pony is already registered with the FEI, you do not need to worry about getting a certificate until January 1, 2023. That said, if your pony 'measures out' during the transition period, you will have no right to appeal and your pony must then register under the new system. Your National Federation will be notified and your pony will be blocked and will need to be re-registered as a horse. Any attempt to have the horse return back to pony status can only be made once in the same year and after that, once a year for two years.
These proposals to modify the Pony measuring system will be shared with your National Federations and then voted on at the FEI General Assembly later this year. If you have any important feedback, good or bad, you should get in touch with your National Federation and share it as your National Federations are empowered to provide feedback to the FEI during the consultation period on these proposed rules.
Lisa Lazarus is former FEI General Counsel and Head of Equestrian Services at Morgan Sports Law which represents athletes. She can be reached at For the USEF's response, click here.
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text:
Instead of picking up leaves and debris, air blowers use a strong blast of air to clean sidewalks, driveways, patios and garage floors. The power unit is carried by the operator and a hose or tube directs the air.
In addition to these uses, air blowers can clear trash and leaves from around shrubs, bushes, fences; they can blow leaves into a pile instead of raking, and they can blow away light snow.
Gas-powered commercial models were the first units on the market. Power is derived from a heavy two-cycle gas engine worn on the back of the operator. The engine delivers a blast of air down a hose which is connected to a rigid tube with a handle to direct the air flow.
A lighter-weight version of this commercial model, although still relatively heavy and worn on the back, is used on large acreage and commercial jobs.
Two-cycle gas engines power some of these units and offer the convenience of no cord, but are more expensive than a similar model with electrical power.
Several types of electric models are lightweight. They are carried in the hand and the complete one-piece unit is moved to direct the air. Some blowers accept vacuum kits as an accessory.
|1. Operate power blowers only at reasonable hours-not early in the morning, late at night, or at other times when people are likely to be disturbed. From 8:00 A.M. to 5:30 P.M. on weekdays, and from 9:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. on weekends.|
|2. Operate blowers at the lowest possible speed to do the job. Maximum speed is seldom necessary.|
|3. Use only one piece of power equipment at a time to keep noise levels acceptable.|
|4. Make sure the power blower's muffler is in good Working order.|
|5. Use the full blower nozzle extension so that the air stream can work efficiently close to the ground, minimizing the spread of dust.|
|6. In dusty conditions, wet down surfaces or use mister attachments.|
|7. Use rakes and brooms to loosen debris before blowing.|
|8. Before using a blower, check wind direction. Look for open doors and windows, freshly washed cars, children or pets at play, and other things that could be harmed by blowing dust, leaves or debris.|
|9. After using blowers and other equipment, clean up. Dispose of debris in trash receptacles. Make sure none has blown into neighboring yards.|
|10. Check the condition of your power blower, including air intakes and air filter to make sure the unit is operating properly.|
|11. Wear ear protection if you operate a blower for more than two hours per day.|
Check your state and local codes before starting any project. Follow all safety precautions. Information in this document has been furnished by the North American Retail Hardware Association (NRHA) and associated contributors. Every effort has been made to ensure accuracy and safety. Neither NRHA, any contributor nor the retailer can be held responsible for damages or injuries resulting from the use of the information in this document.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Some companies, particularly losing incumbents on existing contracts, are gaming the protest system. They seek to use the protest process to delay having to relinquish their position and lose the revenues. During these protests, the government has to choose between doing without a particular good or service or extending the period of performance of the rejected company. For the company initiating the protest, delay can mean lots of additional money. An egregious example of contract protest abuse is the behavior of the losing bidder on the State Department's Worldwide Aviation Support Services contract. I have written a commentary for National Interest here.
Find Archived Articles:


text:
|Natural range of Prunus angustifolia|
Prunus angustifolia pronounced (PROO-nus an-gus-tih-FOLE-ee-uh), known commonly as Chickasaw Plum, Cherokee plum, Florida sand plum, sandhill plum, or sand plum, is a plum bearing tree native to North America. It was originally cultivated by Native Americans before the arrival of Europeans. While Prunus is the classical name for European plums, angustifolia refers to its narrow leaves. It is listed by the USDA as an endangered species in the state of New Jersey.
Chickasaw plum grows 12 to 20 feet tall and 15 to 20 feet wide in an irregular shape. It is "twiggy" in nature, and has a scaly, almost black bark. Its branches are reddish with a thorn-like, small side branches. In February, March, April and May, small white flowers blossom, 8–9 mm wide, along with red plums, up to 25 mm long. The flowers have five white petals with reddish or orange anthers. The plums are cherry-like and tend to be quite tart until they fully ripen. They ripen in late summer. It requires low to medium amounts of water to grow, and dry, sandy or loose soil. It grows best in areas with regular sunlight or areas of partial shade. In sunny areas, it will be more dense and colonize for thickly. In areas of partial shade, it will be thinner and less dense, and each plant will be more spread out. P. angustifolia are very difficult to distinguish from Prunus umbellata, with which it hybridizes easily.
Prunus angustifolia is native to the United States and can be found in Alabama, Arkansas, California, Colorado, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and Washington. They grow in dry and sandy soils, such as open woodlands, woodland edges, forest openings, savannahs, prairies, plains, meadows, pastures, and roadsides.
Chickasaw plums tend to bloom early in the spring. Because they bloom early in the spring, before many other plants bloom, and require very little maintenance, they are often used in horticulture for ornamental use. They are found along many highways, especially in the southern part of the United States. The fruit is eaten by various animals. It also provides cover for nesting sites. Ripe fruits are slightly tart, but can be eaten or are sometimes made into jellies, desserts and preserves. Because of its attractive bark, small leaves and thin branches, Chickasaw plum is also sometimes used for bonsai.
||This article has an unclear citation style. (May 2011)|
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prunus angustifolia.|
- "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". Retrieved January 27, 2014.
- USDA GRIN entry for Prunus angustifolia
- Boning, Charles R. (2006). Florida's Best Fruiting Plants: Native and Exotic Trees, Shrubs, and Vines. Sarasota, Florida: Pineapple Press, Inc. p. 77. ISBN _PHONE_.
- "Plum Delicious and Native, Too!". Florida Native Plant Society. July 15, 2011. Retrieved December 28, 2014.
- Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson. "Prunus angustifolia: Chickasaw Plum1". Retrieved 3 May 2011.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
About this task
The CO sensor features a simple snap-mount sensor pre-calibrated PCB. You can replace the entire sensor PCB with a new calibrated PCB without the removal of the enclosure. This sensor swap requires no tools and you can complete it in seconds. Disconnect the device wiring, remove the old sensor PCB, snap in the new PCB and reconnect the device power. There is no need to make any adjustments or apply gas to the device when you use the sensor swap method.
If necessary, calibrate the device or verify with CO gas. This requires a field calibration kit that consists of a bottle of gas, for example, 250 ppm CO in air, a tank pressure regulator with flow restrictor, and the necessary tubing with a calibration cap to cover the sensor. You can calibrate at 68°F to 81°F (20°C to 27°C).
Verify with gas without removing the device cover. Use the calibration cap attached directly to the port on the cover to apply gas and monitor the output value. See Figure 1. Remove the device cover to perform an actual calibration. In this case, the gas calibration cap attaches to the sensor fixture inside the enclosure. See Figure 2.
Continuously power the sensor for at least 30 min prior to calibration. Calibrate the sensor first in clean air with no CO gas present. To calibrate the sensor, complete the following steps:
- Adjust the ZERO pot on the sensor board until you obtain a 0 ppm output.
- Attach the gas supply.
- Turn the regulator on/off knob fully off and attach it to the 250 ppm gas bottle and firmly tighten it by hand.
- Moisten the sponge and squeeze out any excess water.
- Place the sponge in the cap so that it will not touch the sensor but does not plug the hole in the side of the cap.
- Attach the cap to the fixture over the sensor.
- Slowly turn the valve knob on the regulator to let the gas flow. The regulator will restrict the flow rate to the specified 200 ml/min and the sponge will ensure the gas is in the right humidity range.
- Wait for 5 min and adjust the SPAN pot on the sensor board until the output value reads 250 ppm.
- Close the valve on the tank and take the cap off from the sensor. This completes calibration.
- If the gas cap is too loose on the fixtures, wrap electrical tape around the cap to tighten it.


text:
A stock ledger is a set of records with regards to the stock or inventory of the business. Most businesses have stock which they buy and sell at a profit.
These stocks need to be accounted for to ensure that the company is making profit in order to stay in business. Pilferage and damage must be reduced to as low a level as possible. Hence, the stock ledger is a simple but important recording document.
It is to record the type of stock the business acquires and tracks its flow. The selling and purchase prices of every stock are recorded to compute the profit or loss. The quantity of stock is also recorded to ensure that the company will not lose business due to unavailable stock. This column of information prompts the company to reorder its required stock.
The expiry date of a stock is also registered to ensure that the stock is not sold beyond its expiry date. This information will allow the company to move out stocks nearing their expiry dates quickly while ordering new stock.
A stock ledger helps to identify popular or fast moving stocks and slow moving stocks. This will help the company increase its profits with more fast moving stock.
The stock ledger template may contain:
* Company Name
* Received date / Issue date
* Quantity Order
* Quantity Received
* Quantity Issued
* Batch number
Consider the attached sample template for your convenience.


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what we do about emergencies
Emergency Planning and Resilience is responsible for the readiness of the Council to respond to any emergency alongside the Emergency Services. The activities of the Council and the other Emergency Services before, during and after an emergency are dictated by the Civil Contingencies Act 2004 (Contingency Planning) (Scotland) Regulations 2005.
The core of this legislation is to improve the resilience of communities to respond to disruptive events of any size. This means that there are obligations upon individuals, families and businesses to be prepared for an emergency. This also means that there are statutory duties placed upon Local Authorities, Emergency Services, various companies and wider Government Authorities to be prepared for an emergency.
The legislation requires responders to cooperate and coordinate with one another to ensure their preparedness for any emergency.
This involves all responders creating and maintaining plans that specify what each responder does in the event of an emergency. Some plans, such as the Council Emergency Plan, are as general as possible to enable the greatest flexibility of response. Other plans are more specific to known potential hazards within the community, such as fuel depots or airports. These potential hazards within the community are reviewed on a regular basis and placed within a Community Risk Register.
Emergency plans must be exercised regularly to prove that they work, that they relate to current circumstances and that training of personnel is effective. Feedback from exercises, which may involve any or all of the Responders, is integrated into plans and training to keep them updated.
Emergency Plans recognise that Shetland is a remote community, with isolated communities within it, at the end of extended transport and communication links. Therefore, part of any planning involves the contingency of calling in resources from outside Shetland, if the scale of the emergency goes beyond the ability of local responders.
The Council has a duty to warn and inform the public, but not to cause alarm unnecessarily. All forms of media; printed, Internet and local radio will be used to inform the public.
The Council has a duty to continue to provide services to the community throughout the time of an emergency. This is especially important to the vulnerable within the community and emergency planning takes this into account.
The public should be aware that many Council staff may be involved in an emergency and that means that services may not continue to be provided as normal during and immediately after an emergency. This may mean for example that the frequency of a regular service may temporarily become less frequent.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


In recent years, lithium-ion batteries have overtaken lead-acid batteries as the industry-wide standard.
NantEnergy, a US energy company, has announced the development of a zinc-air battery which stores energy and is considerably cheaper than other battery types currently on the market, including the popular lithium-ion battery.
Compared to lithium-ion battery costs estimated to be between $300 and $400 per kilowatt-hour, NantEnergy says its zinc-air battery has cut cost down to less than $100 per kilowatt-hour-a threshold at which power storage is expected to be affordable enough to have more mainstream impact.
Beyond potential pricing points, zinc-air batteries hold other advantages over lithium-ion batteries as they don't pose fire hazards or need to prevent overheating.
Like lithium-ion, the potential applications for zinc-air batteries range from powering electric cars and also homes and businesses.
NantEnergy says its zinc-air batteries have already been successfully tested in 110 villages that previously had no access to electricity in parts of Asia and Africa, including Indonesia and Madagascar.
Like most alternatives to national grids also existing across Africa, zinc-air batteries will be deployed alongside solar panels in micro-grids.


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CORAF Executive Secretariat received from July 27 to August 03, 2022, consultants from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), who came to visit in order to clarify some details about the possibilities of collaboration between CORAF and BMGF.
In order to foster agricultural research and development (R&D) and to contribute to improving the living conditions of the populations in Africa, BMGF contacted regional organizations involved in the sector, including CORAF, to explore potential avenues for collaboration to make greater impact.
It is in this context that the foundation has mandated consultants to conduct a scoping study, in order to identify priority areas and especially intervention mechanisms.
Professor Achille Assogbadjo —Agricultural engineer and Professor at the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences (FSA) of the University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) in Benin— and Dr. Valère Salako —Researcher and Lecturer at FSA (UAC-Benin)— are the two consultants in charge of carrying out the study in the CORAF zone, West and Central Africa.
"The scoping study revealed several entry points for collaboration between CORAF and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation," said Professor Achille Assogbadjo, as the final report is being compiled.
The entry points for collaboration constitute areas of intervention where CORAF would act in a targeted manner within the framework of this potential partnership and in line with its mission and its Strategic Plan, to contribute to ensure food and nutritional security to the populations, especially the most vulnerable.
Indeed, the identified areas of intervention are essentially centered on climate change and gender-related issues, which are shared priorities of CORAF and BMGF.
"We look forward to engaging with you to the best of our abilities as we develop and explore this potential new partnership," said CORAF Executive Director, Dr. Abdou Tenkouano.
The scoping study report is expected to be submitted to BMGF Board of Directors in November, with a strong possibility of starting a collaborative project next year.
In addition to CORAF, BMGF has contacted in this process, the Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA) and the Centre for Coordination of Agricultural Research and Development for Southern Africa (CCARDESA), respectively for the Eastern and Southern Africa zones.


Clearing cookies from a QML WebView
From Nokia Developer Wiki
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This article shows how to clear cookies from a QML WebView
Article Metadata
Code ExampleCompatibility
Platform Security
Signing Required: Self-Signed
Capabilities: NetworkServices
Keywords: WebView, QNetworkAccessManager, QNetworkCookieJar, QmlApplicationViewer
Created: ajakl (19 Jan 2012)
Last edited: hamishwillee (31 May 2013)
In some cases, you need to clear the cookies (or the cache) from a (QML) WebView. In general, the WebView doesn't have persistent storage for cookies after the session ended, that is when you quit the application (a solution to implement persistent cookies is described in QTBUG-16449). However, it can be useful to clear cookies while the application is running, for example if you need to do Facebook authentication in a WebView.
In Qt C++, cookies and the cache are controlled by the QNetworkAccessManager used by the QWebView. This network access manager doesn't have its direct representation in QML; however, it's possible to get a pointer to the instance of the access manager that QML is using to access the Internet. Through this instance, you can then replace the cookie jar of the access manager with a newly constructed (= empty) object, which essentially cleans out all the cookies. If you want to have more control and only delete specific cookies, you would need to provide your own QNetworkCookieJar subclass; but this is not the focus of this article.
To trigger the replacement of the cookie jar from QML, you need to glue it to C++. This can be done in the standard way how to call a C++ method from QML. In short: create a QObject instance, mark the C++ method as Q_INVOKABLE and set your class instance as a context property to the declarative engine. Then, you can directly call your cookie-jar-replacement-method from within QML.
Example Application
The small example app is based on the standard Qt Quick Application wizard template from Qt Creator and demonstrates the whole process:
 - Start the app and wait for the web page to load (by default a 3rd party cookie test page).
 - In the web page, click the "Set Test Cookie" button and wait for the page to reload, listing the cookie as set.
 - Now, click the red banner at the top of the page to clear the cookies and to reload the page.
 - Note that the cookie is gone.
Download the example app: File:WebviewCookies.zip
This class is set up in a way so that it can be triggered from QML, and has a method called clearCookies() that replaces the cookie jar from the network access manager used by the web view with a new and empty one, essentially clearing all cookies. The ownership of the new QNetworkCookieJar is transferred to the QNetworkAccessManager.
Header file:
class NetworkAccessManagerInteractor : public QObject
explicit NetworkAccessManagerInteractor(QDeclarativeEngine *declarativeEngine, QObject *parent = 0);
public slots:
Q_INVOKABLE void clearCookies();
QDeclarativeEngine* m_declarativeEngine;
NetworkAccessManagerInteractor::NetworkAccessManagerInteractor(QDeclarativeEngine *declarativeEngine, QObject *parent) :
void NetworkAccessManagerInteractor::clearCookies()
QNetworkAccessManager * nam = m_declarativeEngine->networkAccessManager();
if (nam) {
QNetworkCookieJar * emptyCookieJar = new QNetworkCookieJar();
// QNetworkAccessManager takes ownership of the cookieJar object.
qDebug() << "Replaced cookie jar";
} else {
qDebug() << "Unable to retrieve Network Access Manager from declarative engine";
Registering the class with the declarative engine
The new class needs to be registered with the declarative engine at application startup, so that the clearCookies() method can be called from the QML environment.
QmlApplicationViewer viewer;
NetworkAccessManagerInteractor* nami = new NetworkAccessManagerInteractor(viewer.engine(), &viewer);
viewer.rootContext()->setContextProperty("nami", nami);
return app->exec();
Triggering the clear cookies method from QML
The simple QML file contains a webview and a self-made red button; when clicked, it triggers the C++ method to clear the cookies and reloads the page in the webview.
import QtQuick 1.1
import QtWebKit 1.0
Rectangle {
id: rectangle2
width: 360
height: 360
Rectangle {
id: myButton
height: 60
color: "_TAG_"
anchors.right: parent.right
anchors.left: parent.left
anchors.top: parent.top
z: 1
MouseArea {
id: mouse_area1
anchors.fill: parent
onClicked: {
Text {
id: myButtonText
color: "_TAG_"
text: qsTr("Clear Coookies and Reload")
font.bold: true
anchors.fill: parent
verticalAlignment: Text.AlignVCenter
horizontalAlignment: Text.AlignHCenter
font.pixelSize: 16
WebView {
id: webView
url: "_URL_
anchors.fill: parent
Download the example app: File:WebviewCookies.zip
This page was last modified on 31 May 2013, at 02:56.
147 page views in the last 30 days.


3.12 Article Caching
If you have an extremely slow NNTP connection, you may consider turning article caching on. Each article will then be stored locally under your home directory. As you may surmise, this could potentially use huge amounts of disk space, as well as eat up all your inodes so fast it will make your head swim. In vodka.
Used carefully, though, it could be just an easier way to save articles.
To turn caching on, set gnus-use-cache to t. By default, all articles ticked or marked as dormant will then be copied over to your local cache (gnus-cache-directory). Whether this cache is flat or hierarchical is controlled by the gnus-use-long-file-name variable, as usual.
When re-selecting a ticked or dormant article, it will be fetched from the cache instead of from the server. As articles in your cache will never expire, this might serve as a method of saving articles while still keeping them where they belong. Just mark all articles you want to save as dormant, and don't worry.
When an article is marked as read, is it removed from the cache.
The entering/removal of articles from the cache is controlled by the gnus-cache-enter-articles and gnus-cache-remove-articles variables. Both are lists of symbols. The first is (ticked dormant) by default, meaning that ticked and dormant articles will be put in the cache. The latter is (read) by default, meaning that articles marked as read are removed from the cache. Possibly symbols in these two lists are ticked, dormant, unread and read.
So where does the massive article-fetching and storing come into the picture? The gnus-jog-cache command will go through all subscribed newsgroups, request all unread articles, score them, and store them in the cache. You should only ever, ever ever ever, use this command if 1) your connection to the NNTP server is really, really, really slow and 2) you have a really, really, really huge disk. Seriously. One way to cut down on the number of articles downloaded is to score unwanted articles down and have them marked as read. They will not then be downloaded by this command.
It is likely that you do not want caching on all groups. For instance, if your nnml mail is located under your home directory, it makes no sense to cache it somewhere else under your home directory. Unless you feel that it's neat to use twice as much space.
To limit the caching, you could set gnus-cacheable-groups to a regexp of groups to cache, '^nntp' for instance, or set the gnus-uncacheable-groups regexp to '^nnml', for instance. Both variables are nil by default. If a group matches both variables, the group is not cached.
The cache stores information on what articles it contains in its active file (gnus-cache-active-file). If this file (or any other parts of the cache) becomes all messed up for some reason or other, Gnus offers two functions that will try to set things right. M-x gnus-cache-generate-nov-databases will (re)build all the NOV files, and gnus-cache-generate-active will (re)generate the active file.
gnus-cache-move-cache will move your whole gnus-cache-directory to some other location. You get asked to where, isn't that cool?


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Jakarta Post
Digital donations - new potential to accelerate philanthropy
 - Oscar Casalderrey and Kevin Prathama
Jakarta / Sat, March 6, 2021 / 01:08 am
Digital donations - new potential to accelerate philanthropy Paying donation: 'Zakat' (alms) commitee member serves a man paying alms at istiqlal mosque in Jakarta. (The Jakarta Post/Seto Wardhana)
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted 10 years of progress made towards eradicating poverty, increasing health standards, and improving access to education. At the same time however, philanthropy and digital donations have become increasingly important in addressing pressing needs and contributing to the achievement of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
During the COVID-19 pandemic, many Indonesians have been expressing their generosity and supporting each other. The 2018 World Giving Index has acknowledged Indonesians as among the most generous countries in the world. With lockdowns and physical distancing restrictions in place during the pandemic, many have chosen to make their donations via online platforms to show their support and solidarity.
To understand trends in digital donations during the COVID-19 pandemic, Kopernik and GoPay collaborated on research with 1,319 respondents across 29 Indonesian provinces. The research, which is the first comprehensive research to map the digital donation ecosystem in Indonesia, shows that overall donations, both conventional and digital, increased in value by 20 percent during the pandemic, while the average value per digital donation increased by 72 percent during the same period.
The research found that millennials (age 24-39 years old) as the most frequent donors among the surveyed population, making 1.5 donations on average per month, while Gen-X (age 40-55 years old) made donations with the highest monetary value. During the pandemic, health and social issues became increasingly popular causes for people to contribute to, accounting for 27 percent and 28 percent of total donations respectively.
The pandemic has shed light on the potential of digital donations to mobilize people, particularly the younger generations who tend to be more tech-savvy, to take part in collaborative actions to support urgent needs. Unlike conventional donations, digital fundraising initiatives which typically spread through social media can reach a much larger audience transcending geographic and time boundaries to raise funds quickly for emergency needs.
With technological advancements, people can easily make donations using mobile apps and digital donation platforms from wherever they are, without the hassle of going out. People also have the freedom to choose their preferred donation amount when using digital payment systems.
The key players in the digital donation ecosystem recognize the growing trend of online donations. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), one of the key stakeholders benefiting from these developments, have been shifting their strategies to incorporate digital donations as a key source of their funding. Kitabisa - one of the top digital donation platforms reported a 25-fold increase in the number of NGO fundraising campaigns over the past four years. The NGOs we spoke with reported that setting up online donation campaigns and promoting them through social media has been relatively easy and impactful, especially for emergency responses.
Religious institutions managing zakat (Islamic charitable contributions) for decades, such as Amil Zakat Institutions (LAZ), reported that the value of digital donations received, has been doubling each year, for the past five years. In Indonesia. According to the Outlook Zakat Indonesia 2020, the total potential value of zakat donations from Indonesia's Muslim citizens has been calculated at Rp 233 trillion (US$16.6 billion), while the current amount of zakat donations is estimated to be around Rp 8 trillion or 3.4 percent of the total potential. This indicates a big opportunity for digital donations to support religious institutions to make it easier for people to donate by digitizing their zakat collections.
Public figures and influencers, with significant numbers of online supporters, also show an increasing interest in setting up campaigns on crowdfunding platforms and mobilizing their followers to support a range of causes. Collaborations between crowdfunding platforms and influencers and public figures could be a strategic opportunity to increase online donations for worthwhile campaigns.
The Indonesian government has also acknowledged the contribution of digital donations in boosting collaborative efforts to support charities. To support the growth of the online donation sector, the government plans to regulate the digital donations ecosystem to improve its credibility and transparency in order to gain people's trust when making contributions.
Despite the growing trend of digital donations, the research found that 24 percent of respondents are still reluctant to make a digital donation. The main reasons stated were a lack of knowledge about digital donation platforms and a lack of transparency on how the donation will be used. However, most respondents stated that they would be willing to make a digital donation if they knew where the money would be allocated.
As digital donations become more common in gathering collective support among society, those active in the digital donation ecosystem will need to ensure their credibility and transparency in fundraising and ensure that donations are allocated correctly to those in need in order to build and maintain trust amongst the public. For crowdfunding platforms, improving user experience and adding more features such as auto-debit to support recurring donations could help in growing the donor-base.
In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, digital donations could play an important role in contributing to Indonesia's recovery from the pandemic and get back on track to achieving sustainable development.
Oscar Casalderrey and Kevin Prathama are respectively the senior director and associate manager of Last Mile Consulting at Kopernik, a research and development (R&D) lab for social and environmental challenges.


text:
Browsing by Author "Van Zyl, W. S."
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
Results Per Page
- ItemDynamic behaviour of normally reinforced concrete wind turbine support structures(South African Institution of Civil Engineering, 2015-12) Van Zyl, W. S.; Van Zijl, G. P. A. G.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Transportation logistics of large steel towers have led to concrete towers becoming a viable option. There are currently no design codes dealing exclusively with the design of concrete wind turbine towers. Wind turbine towers have strict constraints on the fundamental frequency of the tower to avoid resonance. This paper investigates the dynamic behaviour of wind turbine towers using nonlinear finite element modelling. Focus is placed on the effect of crack formation and soil stiffness on the fundamental frequency of the tower. An analytical model is then proposed that can be used in the primary design stage to determine the geometry of the tower that satisfies the fundamental frequency requirements.


text:
In the electromagnetic field computation in consideration of nonlinear magnetic anisotropy, the solution by the Newton-Raphson method has some problems which are an asymmetric matrix and poor convergence characteristic. We applied the Fixed-Point method to the electromagnetic field computation in consideration of nonlinear magnetic anisotropy and examined the usefulness of the Fixed-Point method through comparing the Fixed-Point method with the ordinary Newton-Raphson method. The Fixed-Point method with a symmetric matrix is quite faster than the Newton-Raphson method with an asymmetric matrix. Therefore, the Fixed-Point method is a very useful technique in nonlinear magnetic anisotropy problems.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering


text:
A male Western Lowland Gorilla born at the Oklahoma City Zoo on Valentine's Day was given a name on his one-month birthday: the baby will be called Leom, which combines the last two letters of his mother's name, Kelele, and his father's name, Bom Bom.
Leom is the first birth for 19-year-old Kelele, who has ben providing excellent care to her newborn. Female Gorillas carry their infants 24 hours a day, never putting them down. Leom's father, Bom Bom, was a beloved 36-year-old silverback who died in July 2012 of cardiac arrest.
Photo Credits: Andrea Wright (1,3,4,5); Gillian Lang (2)
The zoo's three young male Gorillas, who have never seen a baby Gorilla before, are very curious about Leom. Kelele, always protective of her baby, keeps her distance from them for now.
With Leom's birth, the Oklahoma City Zoo continues its involvement in the
Gorilla Species Survival Plan (SSP) through the Association of Zoos and
Aquariums (AZA). One of the SSP's most important roles is to ensure that the Gorilla
population remains healthy, genetically-diverse, and self-sustaining.


text:
Learn something new every day More Info... by email
Chorba is a type of soup dish that is eaten in the Middle East, Eurasia, and Afro-Eurasia, since some countries in these regions have similar traditions, especially when it comes to food. Some people say that the dish resembles a minestrone soup, since both contain as their main ingredients meats, vegetables, and spices. The soup can be enjoyed on its own, or with a piece of bread on the side.
The Turkish language can be credited for giving the dish the name "chorba," but the soup is also called different, but similar names, such as "sorpa" for the Kazakhs, "shurpa" for the Russians, and "shorpo" for the Kyrgyz. The soup is also known as "ciorba" in Romania. The Turkish origin of the dish's name may have been a byproduct of the Ottoman Empire, when the Turks controlled many regions in Asia, Africa, and Europe and, as a result, influenced their culture and cuisine. It is probable that the Turks would cook the chorba during their stay in a particular area, and the locals who tasted the dish began to imitate it. It also helped that during these times, countries had less strict policies on geographical borders and migrants may have easily crossed the borders, bringing a new dish with them.
One of the preferred meat ingredients included in the chorba would be lamb as it gives the dish a very unique taste, but other meat like beef, pork, and chicken can be used as well, sometimes in combination. To make the soup more flavorful, some cooks boil a separate amount of meat in some water to make a stock; others boil the meat and vegetables together, along with some onion and garlic for flavor. Some cooks suggest not putting salt in while the meat is softening, as the salt can make the meat tough.
The vegetables in a chorba are very varied, but some ingredients like tomatoes, carrots, potatoes, and turnips are almost always included. Other vegetables that can be used are zucchini, parsley, and cilantro. To make the soup heartier and thicker, beans such as chickpeas, green peas, and red kidney beans can be put in the pot, though some Europeans use pasta to thicken the soup.
Aside from the usual garlic, onion, salt and pepper, an assortment of spices gives the chorba a very unique flavor. These spices can include ginger, turmeric, and saffron. Even mint and lime juice can also be used, as well as some cayenne pepper to give the dish more heat. A bowl of chorba can be enjoyed on normal days, but many Islamic regions eat the dish as part of celebrating Islam's holy month, Ramadan, probably at the end of the fasting time.


Censorship of Japanese media in South Korea
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Censorship of Japanese media in South Korea refers to laws created by the government of South Korea to prevent the import and distribution of media from Japan. These laws were a reaction to the decades-long Japanese occupation of Korea. As a result, South Koreans had no legal access to Japanese media at all until the 1990s. As of 2018, there are still several laws restricting broadcasting of Japanese media in South Korea.
Immediately following the end of the Japanese rule of Korea, on August 15, 1945, South Korea enacted the Law For Punishing Anti-National Deeds (반민족행위처벌법), which was followed with many other laws over the decades restricting the broadcast and distribution of records, videos, CDs, and games from outside the country. While the laws did not specify any specific country, the intent of the laws was primarily aimed at Japanese media.[1]
Revisions to the laws[edit]
On 20 October 1998, manga and other publications were allowed to be imported for the first time.[2][3] Films that were joint Japan–Korea productions, or had won an Academy Award or an award at a major international film festival (Cannes, Berlin or Venice), were also allowed to be screened in theatres.[4][5] Animated films continued to be banned.[6]
In September 1999, Japanese music was allowed to be performed in venues not exceeding 2000 seats, and non-animated films that had won an award at any international film festival were allowed to be shown.[7][6][5]
In June 2000, the limit on seats in live performances was lifted, and animated feature-length theatrical films that had won one or more major international film awards were allowed to be shown, as were all films with a 12+ or 15+ rating. These films could also now be screened on cable and satellite television. Computer, online and arcade-style video games were allowed to be sold, and sporting events, news programs and documentaries were allowed to be broadcast on television. Music recordings and CDs with no Japanese lyrics, such as instrumental music or songs sung in other languages, was allowed to sold.[6][7]
On 1 January 2004, all Japanese films were allowed to be shown in theaters, and all Japanese music and video games could be sold by retailers.[4] For satellite and cable television, programming now allowed was lifestyle information programs, educational programs, Japanese music, Japanese films (those screening in theatres), and television dramas that were Japan–Korea productions or had a 7+, 12+ or general rating. For terrestrial television, allowed programming was lifestyle information programs, educational programs, non-animated Japanese films (those screening in theatres), television dramas that were Japan–Korea productions, live broadcasts of Japanese singers' concerts in South Korea, and Japanese singers appearing on Korean programs.[6]
Laws remaining in place[edit]
It is still illegal to broadcast Japanese music and television dramas over terrestrial signals in South Korea.[8]
In February 2011, the Korean censor indicated that they might consider lifting the ban in the future.[9] In August 2011, a single Japanese song was broadcast in South Korea as part of a trial program.[10][11]
In 2014, the Korean-language song "Uh-ee" by Korean band Crayon Pop was banned from broadcast by KBS because it contained the Japanese word pikapika in its lyrics.[12][13] However, SBS MTV and SBS funE allowed it.[14]
 1. ^ 中村知子 (Tomoko Nakamura) "韓国における日本大衆文化統制" (Control of Japanese popular culture in Korea) Archived 2011-12-23 at the Wayback Machine (in Japanese). Ritsumeikan University. March 2004. (English translation)
 2. ^ "[어제의 오늘]1998년 일본 대중문화 1차 개방 발표" (in Korean). The Kyunghyang shinmun. 19 October 1998.
 3. ^ <연말특집:聯合通信선정 '98 국내 및 해외 10대뉴스>-① (in Korean). yonhapnews. 10 December 1998.
 4. ^ a b Demick, Barbara (28 December 2003). "South Korea Makes Way for Anime". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2016-07-05. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
 5. ^ a b "Minister proposes allowing Japanese dramas into Korea". The Dong-a Ilbo. February 25, 2011. Retrieved 6 July 2016. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
 6. ^ a b c d Suzuki, Hitoshi (2004-03-15). "Ban Lifted on Japanese Popular Culture in South Korea". IIST World Forum. Institute for International Studies and Training. Retrieved 2016-07-05. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
 7. ^ a b Kim, Elisa (July 22, 2000). "Korea loosens ban on Japanese pop culture". Billboard. Vol. 112 no. 30. p. 68. Retrieved July 7, 2016. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
 8. ^ "韓国政府による日本文化開放政策(概要)" (Open-door policy of Japanese culture by the Korean government – Overview) (in Japanese), Embassy of Japan in South Korea, 30 December 2003. (English translation)
 9. ^ 韓国、日本ドラマ解禁に積極姿勢 (Positive attitude Korea, Japan to ban drama) (in Japanese), 西日本新聞 (West Newspapers), 24 February 2011. (English translation)
 10. ^ 日, 정치인까지 反한류 감정에 편승 (Politicians capitalize on the emotions of the Korean Wave) (in Korean), chosun.com, 1 September 2011. (English translation)
 11. ^ 「韓流偏重批判に考慮を 自民・片山さつき議員が民放連に要請 ("Liberal Democratic Party lawmaker Satsuki Katayama NAB requested to "take into account the criticism obsessed Hallyu") (in Japanese), J-Cast News, 31 August 2011. (English translation)
 12. ^ Yonhap News. ＜芸能＞韓国アイドルの新曲 日本語使用で「放送不適合」 2014/04/03
 13. ^ Ashcraft, Brian. "Korean TV Network Bans Pop Song for Using Japanese". Kotaku. Retrieved 2019-02-06.
 14. ^ "[HD] 140408 Crayon Pop - Uh ee @ SBS MTV The Show". YouTube. Retrieved 2014-04-08.


You can install Communicator Web Access snap-in and Office Communications Server administrative tools from the command prompt by running the file AdminTools.msi.
To install Communicator Web Access snap-in from the command line
 1. Log on to the computer where you want to install Communicator Web Access snap-in as a member of both the local Administrators group and the Domain Admins group.
 2. Click Start, and then click Run.
 3. In the Rundialog box, type cmd, and then click OK.
 4. At the command prompt, navigate to the Setup folder on the Office Communications Server 2007 R2 CD and then press ENTER. For example, if your CD drive is drive F type the following:
 cd f:\setup
 5. Type the following command to install the Communicator Web Access snap-in:
 AdminTools.msi
 If you would like to create a log file for the installation process then add the /lvswitch followed by the file path for the log file. For example, to save a log file as C:\Logs\CWA_Install.txt use the following command:
 AdminTools.msi /lv c:\logs\cwa_install.txt


Number of strings of length N with no palindromic sub string
Given two positive integers N, M. The task is to find the number of strings of length N under the alphabet set of size M such that no substrings of size greater than 1 is palindromic.
Examples:
Input : N = 2, M = 3
Output : 6
In this case, set of alphabet are 3, say {A, B, C}
All possible string of length 2, using 3 letters are:
{AA, AB, AC, BA, BB, BC, CA, CB, CC}
Out of these {AA, BB, CC} contain palindromic substring,
so our answer will be
8 - 2 = 6.
Input : N = 2, M = 2
Output : 2
Out of {AA, BB, AB, BA}, only {AB, BA} contain
non-palindromic substrings.
First, observe, a string does not contain any palindromic substring if the string doesn't have any palindromic substring of the length 2 and 3, because all the palindromic string of the greater lengths contains at least one palindromic substring of the length of 2 or 3, basically in the center.
So, the following is true:
 - There are M ways to choose the first symbol of the string.
 - Then there are (M – 1) ways to choose the second symbol of the string. Basically, it should not be equal to first one.
 - Then there are (M – 2) ways to choose any next symbol. Basically, it should not coincide with the previous symbols, that aren't equal.
Knowing this, we can evaluate the answer in the following ways:
 - If N = 1, then the answer will be M.
 - If N = 2, then the answer is M*(M – 1).
 - If N >= 3, then M * (M – 1) * (M – 2)N-2.
Below is the implementation of above idea :
C++
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// CPP program to count number of strings of
// size m such that no substring is palindrome.
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// Return the count of strings with
// no palindromic substring.
int numofstring(int n, int m)
{
 if (n == 1)
 return m;

 if (n == 2)
 return m * (m - 1);

 return m * (m - 1) * pow(m - 2, n - 2);
}

// Driven Program
int main()
{
 int n = 2, m = 3;
 cout << numofstring(n, m) << endl;
 return 0;
}
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Java
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// Java program to count number of strings of
// size m such that no substring is palindrome.
import java.io.*;

class GFG {

 // Return the count of strings with
 // no palindromic substring.
 static int numofstring(int n, int m)

 if (n == 1)
 return m;

 if (n == 2)
 return m * (m - 1);

 return m * (m - 1) * (int)Math.pow(m - 2, n - 2);
 }

 // Driven Program
 public static void main (String[] args)
 {
 int n = 2, m = 3;
 System.out.println(numofstring(n, m));
 }
}

// This code is contributed by ajit.
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Python3
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# Python3 program to count number of strings of
# size m such that no substring is palindrome

# Return the count of strings with
# no palindromic substring.
def numofstring(n, m):
 if n == 1:
 return m

 if n == 2:
 return m * (m - 1)

 return m * (m - 1) * pow(m - 2, n - 2)

# Driven Program
n = 2
m = 3
print (numofstring(n, m))

# This code is contributed
# by Shreyanshi Arun.
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C#
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// C# program to count number of strings of
// size m such that no substring is palindrome.
using System;

class GFG {

 // Return the count of strings with
 // no palindromic substring.
 static int numofstring(int n, int m)

 if (n == 1)
 return m;

 if (n == 2)
 return m * (m - 1);

 return m * (m - 1) * (int)Math.Pow(m - 2,
 n - 2);
 }

 // Driver Code
 public static void Main ()
 {
 int n = 2, m = 3;
 Console.Write(numofstring(n, m));
 }
}

// This code is contributed by Nitin Mittal.
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PHP
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<?php
// PHP program to count number
// of strings of size m such
// that no substring is palindrome.

// Return the count of strings with
// no palindromic substring.
function numofstring($n, $m)
 if ($n == 1)
 return $m;

 if ($n == 2)
 return $m * ($m - 1);

 return $m * ($m - 1) *
 pow($m - 2, $n - 2);
}

// Driver Code
 $n = 2; $m = 3;
 echo numofstring($n, $m) ;
 return 0;
}

// This code is contributed by nitin mittal.
?>
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Output
6
My Personal Notes arrow_drop_up
Check out this Author's contributed articles.
If you like GeeksforGeeks and would like to contribute, you can also write an article using contribute.geeksforgeeks.org or mail your article to _EMAIL_. See your article appearing on the GeeksforGeeks main page and help other Geeks.
Please Improve this article if you find anything incorrect by clicking on the "Improve Article" button below.
Improved By : nitin mittal


text:
The Access Network is a valuable core asset. Monitronix's CPMS can be deployed as a modular or total solution for proactive maintenance of the Access Network.
The various components, from compressor dryers to monitoring systems to transducers, can be integrated into an existing cable pressure monitoring system.
- Return on Investment within three months.*
- Can be integrated into a workflow management system.
- Labour saving functions such as inbuilt diagnostic facilities and portable, handheld transducer testers for use in the field.
- Saves time and money through remote access to monitoring systems via PSTN or Ethernet.
- Reduces the number of required site visits through monitoring of compressor dryers.
- Quick and easy installation of wall-mountable, compact monitoring systems. Rack space is not a requirement.
- Reduction in maintenance costs through the use of Digital Flow Panels. DFPs provide local and remote tracking of air usage and can be retrofitted to any make of compressor dryer.


Počet záznamů: 1
Strikingly Different Effects of Hydrogen Bonding on the Photodynamics of Individual Nucleobases in DNA: Comparison of Guanine and Cytosine
 1. 1.
 _PHONE_ - ÚOCHB 2013 RIV US eng J - Článek v odborném periodiku
 Zelený, T. - Ruckenbauer, M. - Aquino, A. J. A. - Müller, T. - Lankaš, Filip - Dršata, Tomáš - Hase, W. L. - Nachtigallová, Dana - Lischka, H.
 Strikingly Different Effects of Hydrogen Bonding on the Photodynamics of Individual Nucleobases in DNA: Comparison of Guanine and Cytosine.
 Journal of the American Chemical Society. Roč. 134, č. 33 (2012), s. 13662-13669. ISSN 0002-7863. E-ISSN _PHONE_
 Grant CEP: GA ČR GAP208/12/1318; GA MŠMT(CZ) LH11021
 Grant ostatní: GA ČR(CZ) GD203/09/H046
 Program: GD
 Institucionální podpora: RVO:61388963
 Klíčová slova: excited-state dynamics * ultrafast internal-conversion * photoinduced nonadiabatic dynamics * nonradiative decay mechanisms * MR-CI level * ab initio
 Kód oboru RIV: CF - Fyzikální chemie a teoretická chemie
 Impakt faktor: 10.677, rok: 2012
 Ab initio surface hopping dynamics calculations were performed to study the photophysical behavior of cytosine and guanine embedded in DNA using a quantum mechanical/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach. It was found that the decay rates of photo excited cytosine and guanine were affected in a completely different way by the hydrogen bonding to the DNA environment. In case of cytosine, the geometrical restrictions exerted by the hydrogen bonds did not influence the relaxation time of cytosine significantly due to the generally small cytosine ring puckering required to access the crossing region between excited and ground state. On the contrary, the presence of hydrogen bonds significantly altered the photodynamics of guanine. The analysis of the dynamics indicates that the major contribution to the lifetime changes comes from the interstrand hydrogen, bonds. These bonds considerably restricted the out-of- plane motions of the NH2 group of guanine which are necessary for the ultrafast decay to the ground state. As a result, only a negligible amount of trajectories decayed into the ground state for guanine embedded in DNA within the simulation time of 0.5 ps, while for comparison, the isolated guanine relaxed to the ground state with a lifetime of about 0.22 ps. These examples show that, in addition to phenomena related to electronic interactions between nucleobases, there also east relatively simple mechanisms in DNA by which the lifetime of a nucleobase is significantly enhanced as compared to the gas phase.
 Trvalý link: _URL_

Počet záznamů: 1
 Tyto stránky využívají soubory cookies, které usnadňují jejich prohlížení. Další informace o tom jak používáme cookies.


text:
Geopotential Height - 500 mb Height Current
This is a contour plot of 500 mb height in meters with a interval of 60 meters. The 500 mb level is often referred to as the steering level as most weather systems and precipitation follow the winds at this level. The winds follow the height contours and generally run from 30 to 100 knots. The speeds can be roughly estimated from the 300 mb winds as roughly 2/3rds their magnitude. This level averages around 18,000 feet above sea level and is roughly half-way up through the weather producing part of the atmosphere called the troposphere.


Main Content
Linear System Transformations
A number of Signal Processing Toolbox™ functions are provided to convert between the various linear system models. You can use the following chart to find an appropriate transfer function: find the row of the model to convert from on the left side of the chart and the column of the model to convert to on the top of the chart and read the function name(s) at the intersection of the row and column. Note that some cells of this table are empty.
To →
From ↓
Transfer Function
State- Space
Zero- Pole- Gain
Partial Fraction
Lattice Filter
Second- Order Sections
Convolution Matrix
Transfer Function

tf2ss
tf2zp roots
residuez
tf2latc
none
convmtx
State-Space
ss2tf

ss2zp
none
none
ss2sos
none
Zero-Pole- Gain
zp2tf poly
zp2ss

none
none
zp2sos
none
Partial Fraction
residuez
none
none

none
none
none
Lattice Filter
latc2tf
none
none
none

none
none
SOS
sos2tf
sos2ss
sos2zp
none
none

none
Note
Converting from one filter structure or model to another may produce a result with different characteristics than the original. This is due to the computer's finite-precision arithmetic and the variations in the conversion's round-off computations.
Many of the toolbox filter design functions use these functions internally. For example, the zp2ss function converts the poles and zeros of an analog prototype into the state-space form required for creation of a Butterworth, Chebyshev, or elliptic filter. Once in state-space form, the filter design function performs any required frequency transformation, that is, it transforms the initial lowpass design into a bandpass, highpass, or bandstop filter, or a lowpass filter with the desired cutoff frequency.
Note
All Signal Processing Toolbox second-order section transformations apply only to digital filters.


text:
GROW CABINETS OR GROW BOX
A grow box is a partially or completely enclosed system for raising plants indoors or in small areas. Grow boxes are used for a number of reasons, including lack of available outdoor space or the desire to grow vegetables, herbs or flowers during cold weather months. They can also help protect plants against pests or disease.
Grow boxes may be soil-based or hydroponic. The most sophisticated examples are totally enclosed, and contain a built-in grow light, intake and exhaust fan system for ventilation, hydroponics system that waters the plants with nutrient-rich solution, and an odor control filter. Some advanced grow box units even include air conditioning to keep running temperatures down, as well as CO
2 to boost the plant's growth rate. These advanced elements allow the gardener to maintain optimal temperature, light patterns, nutrition levels, and other conditions for the chosen plants.
Key growlight options include fluorescent bulbs, which offer relatively limited light output; high-intensity discharge lamps such as sodium-vapor lamps and metal-halide lamps; and light-emitting diodes bulbs, which are becoming more energy-efficient.
In different sizes and degrees of complexity, grow boxes are also referred to as grow cabinets and lightproof cabinets.
Sorry, there are no products in this collection.


Open main menu
Projection (linear algebra)
 (Redirected from Orthogonal projection)
The transformation P is the orthogonal projection onto the line m.
In linear algebra and functional analysis, a projection is a linear transformation from a vector space to itself such that . That is, whenever is applied twice to any value, it gives the same result as if it were applied once (idempotent). It leaves its image unchanged.[1] Though abstract, this definition of "projection" formalizes and generalizes the idea of graphical projection. One can also consider the effect of a projection on a geometrical object by examining the effect of the projection on points in the object.
DefinitionsEdit
A projection on a vector space is a linear operator such that .
When has an inner product and is complete (i.e. when is a Hilbert space) the concept of orthogonality can be used. A projection on a Hilbert space is called an orthogonal projection if it satisfies for all . A projection on a Hilbert space that is not orthogonal is called an oblique projection.
Projection matrixEdit
 - In the finite-dimensional case, a square matrix is called a projection matrix if it is equal to its square, i.e. if .[2]:p. 38
 - A square matrix is called an orthogonal projection matrix if for a real matrix, and respectively for a complex matrix, where denotes the transpose of and denotes the Hermitian transpose of .[2]:p. 223
 - A projection matrix that is not an orthogonal projection matrix is called an oblique projection matrix.
The eigenvalues of a projection matrix must be 0 or 1.
ExamplesEdit
Orthogonal projectionEdit
For example, the function which maps the point in three-dimensional space to the point is an orthogonal projection onto the xy plane. This function is represented by the matrix

The action of this matrix on an arbitrary vector is

To see that is indeed a projection, i.e., , we compute
 .
Observing that shows that the projection is an orthogonal projection.
Oblique projectionEdit
A simple example of a non-orthogonal (oblique) projection (for definition see below) is

Via matrix multiplication, one sees that

proving that is indeed a projection.
The projection is orthogonal if and only if because only then .
Properties and classificationEdit

The transformation T is the projection along k onto m. The range of T is m and the null space is k.
IdempotenceEdit
By definition, a projection is idempotent (i.e. ).
Complementarity of range and kernelEdit
Let be a finite dimensional vector space and be a projection on . Suppose the subspaces and are the range and kernel of respectively. Then has the following properties:
 1. is the identity operator on
 .
 2. We have a direct sum . Every vector may be decomposed uniquely as with and , and where .
The range and kernel of a projection are complementary, as are and . The operator is also a projection as the range and kernel of become the kernel and range of and vice versa. We say is a projection along onto (kernel/range) and is a projection along onto .
SpectrumEdit
In infinite dimensional vector spaces, the spectrum of a projection is contained in as
 .
Only 0 or 1 can be an eigenvalue of a projection, implying that is always a positive semi-definite matrix. The corresponding eigenspaces are (respectively) the kernel and range of the projection. Decomposition of a vector space into direct sums is not unique in general. Therefore, given a subspace , there may be many projections whose range (or kernel) is .
If a projection is nontrivial it has minimal polynomial , which factors into distinct roots, and thus is diagonalizable.
Product of projectionsEdit
The product of projections is not, in general, a projection, even if they are orthogonal. If projections commute, then their product is a projection.
Orthogonal projectionsEdit
When the vector space has an inner product and is complete (is a Hilbert space) the concept of orthogonality can be used. An orthogonal projection is a projection for which the range and the null space are orthogonal subspaces. Thus, for every and in , . Equivalently:
 .
A projection is orthogonal if and only if it is self-adjoint. Using the self-adjoint and idempotent properties of , for any and in we have , , and

where is the inner product associated with . Therefore, and are orthogonal projections.[3] The other direction, namely that if is orthogonal then it is self-adjoint, follows from

for every and in ; thus .
Properties and special casesEdit
An orthogonal projection is a bounded operator. This is because for every in the vector space we have, by Cauchy–Schwarz inequality:

Thus .
For finite dimensional complex or real vector spaces, the standard inner product can be substituted for .
FormulasEdit
A simple case occurs when the orthogonal projection is onto a line. If is a unit vector on the line, then the projection is given by the outer product

(If is complex-valued, the transpose in the above equation is replaced by a Hermitian transpose). This operator leaves u invariant, and it annihilates all vectors orthogonal to , proving that it is indeed the orthogonal projection onto the line containing u.[4] A simple way to see this is to consider an arbitrary vector as the sum of a component on the line (i.e. the projected vector we seek) and another perpendicular to it, . Applying projection, we get

by the properties of the dot product of parallel and perpendicular vectors.
This formula can be generalized to orthogonal projections on a subspace of arbitrary dimension. Let be an orthonormal basis of the subspace , and let denote the matrix whose columns are , i.e . Then the projection is given by:[5]

which can be rewritten as

The matrix is the partial isometry that vanishes on the orthogonal complement of and is the isometry that embeds into the underlying vector space. The range of is therefore the final space of . It is also clear that is the identity operator on .
The orthonormality condition can also be dropped. If is a (not necessarily orthonormal) basis, and is the matrix with these vectors as columns, then the projection is:[6][7]

The matrix still embeds into the underlying vector space but is no longer an isometry in general. The matrix is a "normalizing factor" that recovers the norm. For example, the rank-1 operator is not a projection if After dividing by we obtain the projection onto the subspace spanned by .
In the general case, we can have an arbitrary positive definite matrix defining an inner product , and the projection is given by . Then

When the range space of the projection is generated by a frame (i.e. the number of generators is greater than its dimension), the formula for the projection takes the form: . Here stands for the Moore–Penrose pseudoinverse. This is just one of many ways to construct the projection operator.
If is a non-singular matrix and (i.e., is the null space matrix of ),[8] the following holds:

If the orthogonal condition is enhanced to with non-singular, the following holds:

All these formulas also hold for complex inner product spaces, provided that the conjugate transpose is used instead of the transpose. Further details on sums of projectors can be found in Banerjee and Roy (2014).[9] Also see Banerjee (2004)[10] for application of sums of projectors in basic spherical trigonometry.
Oblique projectionsEdit
The term oblique projections is sometimes used to refer to non-orthogonal projections. These projections are also used to represent spatial figures in two-dimensional drawings (see oblique projection), though not as frequently as orthogonal projections. Whereas calculating the fitted value of an ordinary least squares regression requires an orthogonal projection, calculating the fitted value of an instrumental variables regression requires an oblique projection.
Projections are defined by their null space and the basis vectors used to characterize their range (which is the complement of the null space). When these basis vectors are orthogonal to the null space, then the projection is an orthogonal projection. When these basis vectors are not orthogonal to the null space, the projection is an oblique projection. Let the vectors form a basis for the range of the projection, and assemble these vectors in the matrix . The range and the null space are complementary spaces, so the null space has dimension . It follows that the orthogonal complement of the null space has dimension . Let form a basis for the orthogonal complement of the null space of the projection, and assemble these vectors in the matrix . Then the projection is defined by

This expression generalizes the formula for orthogonal projections given above.[11][12]
Finding projection with an inner productEdit
Let be a vector space (in this case a plane) spanned by orthogonal vectors . Let be a vector. One can define a projection of onto as

where the 's and 's imply Einstein sum notation. The vector can be written as an orthogonal sum such that . is sometimes denoted as . There is a theorem in Linear Algebra that states that this is the shortest distance from to and is commonly used in areas such as machine learning.

y is being projected onto the vector space V.
Canonical formsEdit
Any projection on a vector space of dimension over a field is a diagonalizable matrix, since its minimal polynomial divides , which splits into distinct linear factors. Thus there exists a basis in which has the form

where is the rank of . Here is the identity matrix of size , and is the zero matrix of size . If the vector space is complex and


Polar plot of a sine function with factor in argument
The sine function is a well known periodic function. Choose an argument factor, which doesn't divide the period well, and you can see a complicated path around the origin.
This plot was originally made for my blog post on TikZ.de: _URL_
See also the other polar sine plot examples there.
Polar plot of a sine function
Edit and compile if you like:
 domain = -14400:14400,
 samples = 3000,
 hide axis
 \addplot[no markers, mesh, opacity=0.5] {1-sin(40*x/39};
Click to download: sine-plot.texsine-plot.pdf


New fertilizer SRM can help control heavy metal content
A new reference material developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) can help the agriculture industry and state regulators monitor the concentrations of several potentially hazardous heavy metal contaminants in fertilizers.
Modern multi-nutrient fertilizers produced for home and agricultural use are formulated from multiple sources to provide significant amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the major plant nutrients, and lesser or even trace amounts of other nutrients needed by different crops, such as boron, calcium, iron and zinc.
Until relatively recently, fertilizers were tested and certified for their nutrient content, but little attention was paid to the possibility of heavy metal contaminants introduced by the mineral sources used to prepare the fertilizer. However, in response to incidents of heavy metal contamination of cropland, several states have enacted regulations in the past seven years that limit the amounts of some potentially hazardous non-nutritive elements in fertilizers. Several countries, including Japan, China, and Australia, and the European Union, also limit the amount of selected elements in fertilizers.
While fertilizer manufacturers and state regulatory authorities have needed to develop analytical methods to implement these regulations, until now there have been no certified reference materials available that they could use to validate the accuracy of their measurements. It can be difficult to measure accurately trace levels of some metals in a chemically complex mixture like fertilizer.
NIST's Standard Reference Material, SRM 695, "Trace Elements in Multi-Nutrient Fertilizer," was developed in collaboration with members of the Association of American Plant Food Control Officials (AAPFCO) and The Fertilizer Institute (TFI) to help meet this need. SRM 695 is a typical multi-nutrient fertilizer certified for the content of both major elements and trace elements, including calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese, sodium, potassium, zinc, arsenic cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, lead and vanadium. Additional reference values are provided for aluminum, boron, nitrogen, phosphorous and selenium.
To order SRM 695, Trace Elements in Multi-Nutrient Fertilizer, see:
 Published on All rights reserved.


text:
A microscope paradigm, which the authors term the "mirror tunnel microscope" (MTM), is described. The MTM uses a low numerical aperture (NA) lens together with parallel mirrors positioned between the lens plane and the object plane to provide a relatively simple means for digital wide-field microscopy. In MTM, the mirror tunnel acts as a spatial periodic-bandpass filter, which creates low-resolution, bandpassed versions of the object function in the image plane. However, each low-resolution image formed by the MTM carries a unique band of spatial frequencies. Coherent addition of the phase and amplitude of the spatial frequency information contained in each of these low-resolution images enhances the effective NA of the lens without decreasing field of view. To demonstrate the proof of principle, they have utilized a two-mirror MTM to reconstruct an image of a pinhole. Along the axis perpendicular to the mirrors, the image was reconstructed with higher resolution, commensurate with an effective fivefold NA increase. Initial results indicate that MTM is a promising method for wide-field digital microscopy.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)


text:
Quantification of GD results for CDP
When performing a Depth Profile Analysis with GD-OES, the intensity - time profile measured by the GD spectrometer must be converted into a Content Depth profile, expressing the elemental composition as function of depth. This process is commonly called quantification of a GD analysis, or Quantitative Depth Profile Analysis (QDP or QDPA)
Atoms in the Plasma
The atoms sputtered from the surface of the sample enter the plasma where they are excited and emit photons. Imagine the number of photons per atom is constant. Then by counting the number of photons we are effectively counting the number of atoms.
Typically one photon is emitted for about every 10 000 atoms entering the plasma. Hence if we measure 1000 photons we have really counted 1000x10 000=10 million atoms.
(The graphic is supplied by courtesy of Alwyn Anfone, Clemson University, USA)
By measuring photons at different energies (different emission lines) we can tell what proportion of these atoms are Al atoms or Fe atoms or Na atoms, etc. And the total number of atoms per second tells us the sputtering rate. So from measuring the intensities we know both the concentrations and thesputtering rate simultaneously.
From the sputtering rate we can then tell how much material we have removed from the sample surface. This allows us to plot concentrations versus depth in the sample.
It sounds simple, and in fact it really is, though it has taken us many years to get to this simple picture. The problem is that people start to think it must be more complicated or we make approximations which are not valid.
So, going back to the plasma, we could easily imagine that the number of photons will vary from element to element (and from line to line), so we have an equation relating photons (measured as Intensity, Ii, of element i) and the number of atoms of element i in the plasma (given as the product of concentration ci in mass % and sputtering rate qM in g/m2):
Unfortunately there are four known complications. First, and most serious, there is always some unwanted background signal, so our equation becomes:(1)
where bi is known as the background equivalent concentration (or BEC, for short). If you are wondering why we make ciqM the dependent variable rather than Ii, click here.
Secondly, there is the possibility, though usually small in GD-OES, that some nearby emission lines from some other elements j will interfere with our line from element i, giving some additional unwanted signal:
Thirdly, there is the possibility, though only for resonance lines, that our photon will be absorbed by some other atom. The likelihood of this increases exponentially with the number of atoms. It therefore can make our equation non-linear, see self-absorption for more details:(2)
Fourthly, and most annoying, the number of photons per atom does change by a small amount. This change in emission is called the 'relative emission yield', and is the most controversial parameter in GD-OES. For mathematical convenience we take the inverse of the relative emission yield, give it the symbol Ri and call it, naturally, the 'inverse relative emission yield'.
Hence our equation finally becomes:
So our simple equation is not so simple anymore. Fortunately it represents few problems for a computer.
The final equation can be used both for bulk analysis and for quantitative depth profiling. The only real difference between bulk and depth profiling is in the presentation of the results.
(1) T Nelis, Colloq. Spectrosc. Intnl. York (1993).
(2) R Payling, Spectroscopy 13, 36 (1998).
further and more publications related to the subject :
- Z. Weiss, Surf. Interface Anal., 1992, 18, 691.
- J. Takadoum, J.C. Pirrin, J. Pons-Corbeau, R. Berneron and J.C. Charbonnier, Surf. Interface Anal., 1984, 6, 174.
- Takimoto, K. Nishizaka, K. Suzuki and T. Ohtsubo, Nippon Steel Technical Report, 1987, 33, 28-35
- Z.Weiss, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 2006, 61, 121; DOI:
- Z. Weiss, J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom., 1994, 9, 351, DOI:.
- Z. Weiss, J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom., 2001, 16, 1275, DOI: .
- V.-D. Hodoroaba, V. Hoffmann, E. B. M. Steers and K. Wetzig, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2000, 15, 1075, and references cited therein, DOI: .
- V.-D. Hodoroaba, V. Hoffmann, E. B. M. Steers and K. Wetzig, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2000, 15, 951, DOI:
- P. míd, E. B. M. Steers, Z. Weiss and J. Vlček, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2003, 18, 549, DOI: .
- A. Menendez, J. Pisonero, R. Pereiro, N. Bordel and A. Sanz-Medel, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2003, 18, 557, DOI: .
- E. B. M. Steers, P. míd and Z. Weiss, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 2006, 61, 414, DOI: .
- A. Martín, A. Menéndez, R. Pereiro, N. Bordel and A. Sanz-Medel, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2007, 388, 1573, and references cited therein, DOI:
- Z. Weiss, P. míd, E. Steers, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2005, 20, 839, DOI:
- Z. Weiss, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 2007, 62, 787, DOI: .
First published on the web: 1 June 2000.
Author: Richard Payling


point is created while playing back, you can solve this problem and see the pictures by rewinding after slightly forwarding. Such a freezing point cannot be recovered if it was created while recording. To prevent such a problem, use the Sony mini DV cassette.
Aim the Remote Commander towards the remote sensor to operate your camcorder. Point the remote sensor away from strong light sources such as direct sunlight or overhead lighting. Otherwise, the Remote Commander may not function properly. When you are operating with the Remote Commander supplied with your camcorder, your VCR may also operate. In that case, select a commander mode other than VTR 2 for your VCR, or cover the sensor of your VCR with black paper.
To change the battery of the Remote Commander
1 While pressing on the tab, inset your fingernail into the slit to pull out the battery case. 2 Place a new battery with the + side facing up. 3 Insert the battery case back into the Remote Commander until it clicks.
A PHOTO (27)
The on-screen image when you press this button will be recorded onto the Memory Stick Duo as a still image.
Battery may explode if mistreated. Do not recharge, disassemble or dispose of in fire.
When the lithium battery becomes weak, the operating distance of the Remote Commander may shorten, or the Remote Commander may not function properly. In this case, replace the battery with a Sony CR2025 lithium battery. Use of another battery may present a risk of fire or explosion.
B Memory control buttons (Index, /+, Memory/playback) (29) C SEARCH M. (46) D.> E Video control buttons (Rewind, Playback, Fast-forward, Pause, Stop, Slow) (28) F ZERO SET MEMORY (46) G Transmitter H START/STOP (25, 46) I Power zoom (30) J DISPLAY (44)
Indicators for the LCD screen and viewfinder
The numbers in ( ) are reference pages. The indicators will not be recorded on the tape during recording.
126min
0:08:13 12min
163min
A Recording format ( (66) B Remaining battery (approx.)
G Recording folder (70) H Image size (68) I Quality ([FINE] or [STD]) (68) J Recording indicator
Recording mode (SP or LP) is also displayed in the DV format.
C Recording status ([STBY] (standby) or [REC] (recording)) D During recording: Tape counter (hour: minute: second) During playback: Time code (hour: minute: second: frame) E Recording capacity of the tape (approx.) F Audio level display (64)
Data code during recording
The date/time during recording and the camera setting data will be recorded automatically. They do not appear on the screen during recording, but you can check them as [DATA CODE] during playback (64). Quick Reference
Indicators for the LCD screen and viewfinder (Continued)
Viewing movies
120min
Viewing still images
0:08:12:17 12min
125min _PHONE_
CAM DATA DSP (Camera data display).. 63 CAMERA DATA. 64 CAMERA PROF. (Camera profile). 70 CAMERA SET menu.. 56 Cassette Insert/Eject.. 23 Tape.. 102 Cassette compartment.. 23 CHARGE lamp.. 15 Charging time.. 16 CINEMA.. 36 CINEMATONE GAMMA.. 37 CLOCK SET. 21, 71 CNTRST ENHCR.. 57, 92 COLOR BAR.. 57 COLOR LEVEL. 37 COLOR PHASE. 37 COMPONENT. 67 COMPONENT OUT jack. 49 Component video cable. 49 Computer.. 83 Connect TV.. 48 VCR.. 73 COPY.. 38 CURRNT FOLDER. 69
AC Adaptor.15 Access lamp.24 AE RESPONSE..58 AE SHIFT..33, 58 AF ASSIST..57 AGC LIMIT..58 ALL ERASE..69 ALL FILES..69 ASSIGN BTN..71 ASSIGN buttons.39 AT IRIS LMT..58 AUDIO REC LV.61 AUDIO SET menu..61 AUTO LOCK switch.33 AU.LVL DISP (Audio level display).64 AWB SENS.58 A/V connecting cable..49, 73 A/V connecting cable with S VIDEO.52, 73 A/V OUT jack..49
End search.41, 92, 94 Expanded focus..32 EXPOSURE..32 EXPOSURE/IRIS.32, 56 EXPOSURE/IRIS button..32 EXPOSURE/IRIS dial..32 EXP.FOCUS TYPE.63
BACK LIGHT.59, 92 BATT RELEASE (battery release) button..16 Battery Battery Info.45 Battery pack.15 BEEP.72
FADER..60 FILE NO. (File number). 69 FINE..68 FLCKR REDUCE. 58 Focus.31 FOCUS button..31 Focus infinity.40
DATA CODE.. 64 DATE.. 64 Date search.. 46 DATE/TIME. 22, 121 DC IN jack.. 15 DC plug.. 15
Focus ring..31 Folder NEW FOLDER.70 PB FOLDER (Playback folder)..70 REC FOLDER (Recording folder)..70 FORMAT..69
INTELLIGENT.. 58 IN/OUT REC menu. 66 IRIS.. 32 i.LINK.. 107 i.LINK cable. 50, 76, 86 i.LINK CONV. 48, 67
Memory Stick PRO Duo.104 MEMORY/DELETE button...79 MEMORY/INDEX button.28 MEMORY/PLAY button..28 Menu AUDIO SET menu.61 CAMERA SET menu.56 DISPLAY SET menu.62 IN/OUT REC menu.66 MEMORY SET menu..68 Menu items..54 OTHERS menu.70 Using the menu.53 MENU button..21 Menu items..54 MIC jack..118 Microphone..118 Mirror mode.26 MIX..61 Moisture condensation.108 MONOTONE..36 MPEG2..88 MULTI-SOUND.61
Jack cover.. 23 JPEG.. 103
Gain..34 GAIN button..34 Grip belt..18 GUIDEFRAME..63
LANC jack.. 116 LANGUAGE.. 71 Large eyecup. 20 LCD.. 19 LCD backlight.. 19 LCD BL LEVEL. 64 LCD BRIGHT.. 64 LCD COLOR.. 64 Lens hood fixing screw. 14 Lens hood with lens cover. 14 LETTER SIZE. 65 LINEAR. 59 LP (Long Play). 67
HANDLE ZOOM..58 Handle zoom..30 HD (high definition) image quality..48 HDMI cable.50 HDMI jack.116 HDMI OUT jack.49 HDV..66 HDV format..9, 101 HDV1080i..66 Headphones jack..117 High definition TV..48 HISTOGRAM.62, 92 Hook for the shoulder strap.117, 118
Macintosh.. 83 Mains lead.. 15 Maintenance.. 108 MARKER.. 63 MEMORY SET menu.. 68 Memory Stick.. 3, 103 Memory Stick Duo. 23, 104 Insert/Eject.. 23 Number of recordable pictures. 68 Write-protect tab. 104 Memory Stick Duo adaptor.. 104 Memory Stick Duo slot. 24

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text:
Table Of Contents
1. Meaning Of Positive Group Behaviour
2. Characteristics Of Positive Group Behaviours
3. Benefits Of Positive Group Behaviours
Meaning Of Positive Group Behaviour In Social Studies
This is a group behaviour that is acceptable by the society. It is behavioural outcome that is generally accepted and motivating to a greater number of the population. This behavioural outcome is in conformity with the rules and regulations that govern the society or country.
Positive group behaviour is productive, inspiring and affective because it comes from the correct thinking and feeling of the cream of the people in the society. Positive group behaviour is an antidote to many social ills ravaging the country today.
Constructive or positive group behaviours are those actions from groups of people who are bound together by some common interests or professions; who embark on activities to influence government policies to their own advantage and their society.
It may be in support or rejection of a particular policy or law that will be harmful or counter-productive to the society. These bodies exhibit constructive behaviours: the Nigerian Bar Association, Nigerian Union of Teachers, Nigeria Labour Congress, Academic Staff Union of Universities, Market Women Associations, etc. These are good examples of groups who mean well for the nation.
They hardly can engage in destructive actions likely to disrupt the smooth running of the government or society. Their actions are rational.
They return to reason whenever they see that their demand is not yielding positive effects.
Characteristics Of Positive Group Behaviour
1. They exist to promote the common good of the masses and not to take over the running of the government.
2. The source of their income remains levies, donations, and dues. They can get financial support from members of the society who appreciate their activities.
3. They are well-organized. Their leadership is carefully tested, selected and approved.
4. They accept membership only from those who possess the requisite criteria.
5. They have body of knowledgeable experts who can relate with people from all walks of life – religion, military, civilian, economy, traditional institutions, etc.
Ways Through Which Constructive Group Behaviours Can Be Carried Out In Society
This is the approach used by the organized bodies to explain in details, the merits and demerits of a particular issue which they project. Through lobbying, they persuade those that matter in the society to accept their proposals for their own good and that of the society.
2. Strikes, Lock-outs And Boycotts
Organized groups like NBA, TUC, NUT, ASUU, NLC, etc, use strikes, lockouts and boycotts to press home demands. In attempts to avoid the great damage that may result from long strikes, the governments or owners of an organization may agree to the terms of agitation.
3. Publicity Campaigns
Social groups such as CAN, NUT, ASUU, NLC, etc, organize extensive campaigns through meetings, rallies, house-to-house visits, posters, hand-bills stickers, conferences, flyers, etc, to reach the people and attract their support or sympathy in order to get their intentions achieved.
4. Use Of Mass Media
Positive groups use advertisements and sponsored programmes on the radio, television and newspapers to convince the entire public about their products, intentions, etc, and urge them to accept.
Positive groups write open petitions to the appropriate quarters or persons to inform them of what is wrong and suggest constructive remedies to them.
6. Peaceful Demonstrations
Positive groups use peaceful demonstrations to press-home their demands, rights, and other intentions. They can march out in the streets, carrying placards stating their demands, and calling for support from the public.
Benefits Of Positive Group Behaviours
There are so many benefits in positive group behaviours. They among others include:
This is the pleasant feeling that is shared in friendly relationship. Positive group behaviours encourage this in companionship. This pleasant feeling include love, or affection. The family, social clubs, sports competitions, etc, have much of these pleasant feelings.
Through companionship, good social behaviours are taught and learnt. Members learn social obligations, rights, laws, duties and other forms of acceptable conducts.
They also learn how to tolerate, how to resolve conflicts through counselling and reprimands.
2. Survival And Security
Several skills are provided by positive groups for the survival of their members and others. They encourage their members and others to acquire quality skills that can fetch them better incomes.
They provide first-hand information for further training through part-time studies, evening programmes, sandwich and seminars/workshops.
Organized groups like NUT, NUJ, NBA, NLC, etc, etc., intervene anytime their members are attacked by individuals, groups or government.
There is security in the employment offered to their members. They make them to know the rules and regulations, rights, and privileges that could engage them to secure their jobs. Job security promotes positive behaviour in human relationship.
3. Affiliation And Status
Positive behaviours from groups and organizations develop dignified connections. Attachment to civil society, religious organizations, political parties give organizational connections that are rewarding to the individual with them. Important status or positions also come from positive groups.
This is because social groups recruit members based on well-defined criteria. People who qualify to become members enjoy social status which has obligations and rewards.
Organized groups help to secure good positions for their members in politics, church at national and international levels.
4. There Are Power And Control From Positive Group Behaviour
Positive group behaviours have the ability of enforcing decisions and compelling obedience from other people.
Basically, the exercise of power is always seen in the hands of those endowed with the ability of handling the human and material resources to reward and punish the people as they deem fit.
5. Positive Group Behaviours Develop Achievable Goals In Their Members
As members struggle to attain these goals, they acquire strengths that spur them into more action and achievement. Successful completion of tasks or projects, is a plus in the individual and his society.


Use CSV Uploader for Ad-hoc Analysis
You can upload a set of data to your GoodData workspace (project) and analyze it on an ad hoc basis using our CSV Uploader. You can use the CSV ploaderU to quickly analyze your data or to verify data integrity and standard compliance of your CSV files.
CSV Uploader allows you to add data from a file without affecting the rest of the data in your workspace (production data). The data from the file is added as a separate dataset (non-production data) and does not affect the existing datasets. To add data from a CSV file to use in your production environment, see Load CSV Files to a Workspace with the LDM Modeler.
For the following tutorial, download the order_lines.csv sample file. Ensure the downloaded file keeps its *.csv suffix. If you decide to upload your own CSV files, ensure that you read CSV File Requirements. Once the data is added, you can immediately start analyzing it in Analytical Designer (see Create Insights).
To load the data using the CSV Uploader:
 1. Select the workspace/project that you want to use to upload your CSV file.
 The Default dashboard page with your workspace opens.
 2. Click Load in the top navigation bar.
 The Load page opens.
 Depending on your GoodData plan, the page may look differently:
 3. Click Load on the CSV tile.
 The Choose a CSV file pop-up window appears.
 4. Click Browse to select the CSV file, then click Load to start data processing.
 5. On the screen that appears, verify the data, then click Done.
 GoodData will start processing your data.
 When the processing is finished, you will see the confirmation message
 6. Close the green message and click Analyze to open Analytical Designer and begin creating insights.
Access Data from a CSV File
The data from a CSV is added to a separate dataset and do not mix with your prodution data that you added from a data warehouse or using LDM Modeler.
To access the CSV data, simply click the Production data tab under the name of your workpace and click the CSV dataset (Order LInes (2) in this case).
Manage CSV datasets
To update or delete a CSV dataset uploaded using the CSV Uploader, go to the Load section.
For more information, see:
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Skip to definition.
Verb: singe (singeing) sinj
 1. Burn superficially or lightly
 "I singed my eyebrows"
 2. Become superficially burned
 "my eyebrows singed when I bent over the flames";
 - scorch, sear
Noun: singe sinj
 1. A surface burn
 - scorch
Derived forms: singes, singeing, singed
Type of: blacken, burn, char, combust, scorch, sear
Encyclopedia: Singe


text:
Reading Main Idea Worksheets For Free. Web all of these are different ways of asking students to find the main idea of a text. Students are asked to identify the main ideas and supporting details of short texts.
Worksheets are grade 6 main idea, main idea details, main idea reading work, main ideas, identifying main idea and supporting. This is a pivotal skill at all levels. Read all the passage and find the main idea for us.