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Invented back in 1695, stopwatches are still used globally to measure time with highly accurate precision. The devices are mostly used in sports and science, but there are lots of ways to use a stopwatch in the modern world.
- What does a stopwatch measure?
- What is a stopwatch used for in science?
- What is a stopwatch used for in sport?
- What is the difference between a stopwatch and a timer?
What Does a Stopwatch Measure?
A stopwatch measures the amount of time that's passed between two events. It does this using the stop and start buttons. When the start button is enabled, the stopwatch will begin tracking the time. It'll keep tracking until you click stop. Stopwatches usually have a digital screen in the center of the two buttons. This screen shows the amount of time that's elapsed.
A handheld stopwatch will usually display the time taken in minutes, seconds, and one-hundredth of a second. For even more accuracy, some stopwatches will record time down to a millionth of a second!
Typically, a stopwatch can measure the time passed in three ways:
- Cumulative: How long it takes between one event and another, e.g., the time taken for an athlete to go from the starting point to the finish line.
- Laps/splits: How long it takes between a series of events, e.g., the time is taken for an athlete to run each lap.
- Cumulative and laps/splits: How long it takes between a series of events and in total, e.g., the time taken for an athlete to run each lap and the entire race in total.
What Is a Stopwatch Used for in Science?
Since science is all about research, investigation, and understanding, knowing how long something takes is important. Scientists will typically use a stopwatch in kinetics (both chemistry and physics) and experiments to determine three things:
- Reaction: The time it takes before an event occurs.
- Speed: The time something takes in general.
- Velocity: The speed of something traveling in a particular direction.
What Is a Stopwatch Used for in Sport?
Stopwatches have always been important in the sporting world. Technology has improved significantly since the first stopwatch was invented, and nowadays, it's possible to record time as close to the mark as possible. Within the sports industry, the devices are most used for three reasons:
- To measure performance and determine rank: How long it takes an athlete to run a 100m sprint. The time taken will be used to determine first, second and third place.
- As part of training: An athlete will use a stopwatch when training with their coach to track their performance and progress.
- During gameplay: Soccer matches will use a cumulative and lap/split stopwatch to calculate any extra time needed due to pauses during gameplay.
Since sporting events are highly competitive, every second (and millionth of a second!) counts, so time must be recorded as precisely as possible. The difference between first and second place for two athletes could be as little as 0.0001 of a second.
What Is the Difference Between Stopwatches and Timers?
While stopwatches and timers are very similar in nature, they have two main differences:
- A stopwatch counts up from zero, whereas a timer counts down to zero.
- A stopwatch measures the time taken between two events, whereas a timer measures a certain period of time.
For example, if a meal takes 10 minutes to cook, a timer can count down and sound an alarm when those 10 minutes have passed. However, if you want to see how long it takes to cook a meal, it's better to use a stopwatch since you can start it when you begin cooking and stop it when you finish cooking.


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- About CARE
- For Patients
A frontline clinical staff training program was conducted by CARE Hospitals and Dr Reddy's Foundation for Healthcare Education (DRFHE) on February 23-24. The 15 participants included DNB students, Residents, Physician Assistants and Nurse Clinicians.
Aimed at creating awareness about the importance of clinical documentation and pathways, the program was inaugurated by Dr Rajeev Menon, CMS. He spoke on the need for clinical documentation and the work being done at CARE. Dr N Krishna Reddy, Vice-Chairman, interacted with the audience and focused on the relevance of clinical documentation to patient care.
Facilitating the sessions, Mr Raghavan from DRFHE covered the areas of patient centricity, emotional intelligence and interpersonal skills for communication. On the second day, Mr Rajeev Chourey, VP–Operations and Quality spoke on the importance of the consent form and clinical audits.
Dr M Arundhathy, GM–Administration (Corporate) held sessions on patient safety, clinical documentation and pathways.
The doctors' feedback revealed that they were not aware of the extent of documentation being done at CARE. They found the sessions valuable and commented that the work was of international standards. They said it would help them publish more papers and aid in their professional advancement.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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|Contact||Sue Gratton, Deputy Associate Director, Integrated Commissioning, NHS Kent and Medway|
|Address||Templar House, Tannery Lane, Ashford, Kent, TN23 1PL|
This project will establish a primary care based model of memory assessment to increase the recognition, diagnosis and targeted case management of people living with dementia in Kent and Medway.
This will build upon the best practice within the exisitng memory clinics provided by Kent and Medway Partnerhips Trust (KMPT) by aligning KMPT staff to GP practices. This will support GPs to carry out pre-diagnositic tests and memory screening in accordance with an agreed diagnostic pathway. This project will support an education and training programme for both primary care and KMPT staff to underpin this transformation programme. Access to specialist memory clinics in secondary care will remain for people with complex needs and will provide specialist advice to GPs when required.
Kent and Medway collectively have a population of 1,727,600 and according to 2011 census figures the population is predicted that it will grow to 1843,100 based on ONS projections for 2010; with the number of people over the age of sixty five predicted to increase to 375, 200. The impact of this growth will see our predicted number of people with dementia rise to 27,395.
Primary Care professionals will undertake specialist training to learn how to assess, diagnose and prescribe for dementia. The training will provide the skills and confidence required to:
- Identify people with cognitive impairment or symptoms of dementia at an early stage
- To differentiate dementia, delirium and depression
- Safely prescribe pharmacological treatments for people with dementia, specifically cognitive enhancers under a shared care protocol with Consultant Psychiatrists.
- Carry out the full range of pre-diagnostic tests required to inform diagnosis
- Identify those at greater risk of developing dementia
- Identify common co-morbidity factors and to assess risk factors accurately
- When a diagnosis is made learning how to break a diagnosis well
- To increase their overall understanding and subsequent management of the condition
- Review medications in order to identify and minimise the use of drugs that can contribute to cognitive impairment and the rationalisation of anti-psychotic medications.
- Learn when and to whom to refer for structural imaging to rule out other pathologies
- Achieve a significant increase in the number of people receiving a formal diagnosis of dementia across Kent and Medway.
- Establish appropriate baseline tests consistent across the county to exclude the causes of other cognitive impairment including medication reviews
- Establish a shared understanding of what these tests are and who will undertake them
- Improve education and understanding and there will be recognition of the difference between dementia and delirium
- Establish agreed protocols of who makes the diagnosis and when
- Establish a diagnostic pathway with an agreed timely process for assessment and review
- Ensure all people with dementia and their carers receive post diagnostic support and information. This includes:
- Psychological support
- Advance and end of life care planning
- Information on support services
- A carers assessment to identify their personal need while maintaining their caring role
- An increase in GP Dementia registers and a system to generate regular reviews
- Develop a skilled workforce within Primary Care to identify, diagnose and manage dementia safely at a practice level.
- Improve the ability of this patient group to remain at home for as long as possible
- Promote the use of assistive technology and the benefits for people with dementia
- Develop a greater understanding of dementia within multi-disciplinary teams with a specific focus on end of life care planning.
- All people with dementia will have access to a pathway of care that delivers a rapid and competent specialist assessment.
- People with Alzheimer's disease benefit from early initiation of cholinesterase inhibitors where appropriate to delay the disease progression.
- People with dementia and their carers are supported and able to continue doing the things they enjoy for as long as possible through improved and targeted management of dementia care
- People with dementia and their families across Kent & Medway are able to make decisions and plan for their future. They make an informed decision and have an advance care plan so that there ends of life wishes are respected.
- Carers are well informed about dementia and the progression of the condition and have access to local support groups and services to enable individuals to share worries and develop coping strategies with support from health professionals.
- All people with dementia receive an early diagnosis that enables them to make informed choices.
- People with dementia and their carers are confident of the care and diagnosis received in the new primary care memory pathway.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Bush Heritage in London
Learn about the connection between Australia and London during a talk with Dr Jody Gunn and Chris Darwin.
Are you interested in London, heritage and Australian wildlife?
This Thursday, 25 May 2017, Australian Executive Manager of Bush Heritage Australia, Dr Jody Gunn, will be meeting with Chris Darwin—the great-great grandson of Charles Darwin - at the Royal Geographical Society in London (with the Institute of British Geographers), the UK's learned society and professional body for geography, founded in 1830.
Jody and Chris tell an against-all-odds story of how Bush Heritage created a network of Australian conservation reserves the size of Southern England. The talk will also include a curated display of historical Australian artefacts from the RGS-IBG Collection including rare maps, journals and photographs.
The work of Bush Heritage is enormously impressive and it's wonderful to see it promoted in London. This national non-profit organisation conserves biodiversity and protects Australian native plants and animals by buying and managing land of outstanding conservation value and by working in partnership with others to help them manage and protect their land. Bush Heritage Australia currently owns and manages 33 reserves throughout Australia, covering over 10,000 square kilometres.
You can book tickets via Eventbrite: _URL_ But be quick, ticket sales close on 22nd May.
Talks will take place in the Ondaatje Theatre, where names of notable travellers and explorers line the walls. A specially curated display of items from the Society's Collections related to Australia will be on display in the Foyle Reading Room for guests to enjoy during the evening.
The event also includes complimentary drink and canapés which will be served in the Map Room, an inspirational room dating from the 1930s containing fine examples of the two-million strong collection at the Royal Geographical Society (with IBG).
The Royal Geographical Society (with IBG)
The Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) is one of the world's foremost geographical societies. The Society has developed a reputation for informed travel-themed events which appeal to a broad demographic inspired by the world around them. In addition to its growing membership of over 16,500 individuals and organisational members, the Society also attracts a wider public audience whose passion for people and places draws them to attend exhibitions, lectures, talks, seminars and other travel-related events.
As the 'home of geography' the Society also excels in providing networking opportunities for travel professionals: from tour operators to tourism board representatives and their UK-based Embassy and High Commission colleagues. The state-of-the-art facilities combine modern comfort and convenience with striking historical fine rooms, suitable for invited-guest and public audiences in the heart of South Kensington.
The combination of activities, history, networks and location makes the Society unique. It's history is associated with iconic moments and those individuals who pushed at both intellectual and physical limits – Darwin, Livingstone, Scott, Wilfred Thesiger, to name a few. Today the challenge is not about where things are on the map or who got there first, but rather explaining how the world works and why.


Introduction of xenophobia and citizenship: the everyday politics of exclusion and inclusion in Africa
Recent literature on the continent has focused attention on the increasing number of forms of belonging using different labels: autochthony, nativism, indigeneity, ethnicity, and in some cases xenophobia. The latter term generally refers to discourses and practices that are discriminatory towards foreign nationals, but Wimmer (1997) also sheds light on the existence of deeper political struggles for the collective goods of the state and the building of structures of legitimacy in accessing those goods. In many instances, those structures are based on collective identities and real or fantasized notions of national community (Wimmer 1997: 32). In the African contexts, decolonization struggles have specifically shaped the type of nation-building enterprises that have emerged in the postcolonial period (Chipkin 2007). Taking into consideration both this broader theoretical dimension and the specific historical trajectories of nationalist discourses in the African contexts, our understanding of xenophobia as discussed in this issue consists of the systematic situated (in one institution) or cross-cutting construction that sees strangers as a threat to society, justifying their exclusion and, at times, their suppression.
Read here: Introduction of xenophobia and citizenship: The everyday politics of exclusion and inclusion in Africa
Authors: Laurent Fourchard, Aurelia Segatti
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Labradorite is a type of anorthite (plagioclase feldspar) mineral under the feldspar group, which crystallizes as either small grains, tabular crystals, or masses. It is frequently found as twins (two crystals joined together). The mineral composition of labradorite is a complex molecular bond of sodium, calcium, and aluminum silicates. – (Na,Ca)AlSi3O8
The hardness of labradorite is around 6 on the Mohs scale, and its physical properties vary according to the amount of calcium in it. It is not very heavy or dense, just like most feldspars. But, its chief uniqueness is its out-of-this world coloring.
Labradorite has very beautiful unearthly color, which is often a spectrum of iridescent light play, a refraction of light caused by its internal plate-like structure. For this reason, the most beautiful labradorite varieties are separately called spectrolite. This iridescent-like ability is also shared by other types of feldspar, like sunstone, and moonstone. Otherwise, the normal coloring of labradorite is a plain gray or dull, pale green color.
labradorite.jpgNamed after the region of Labrador, in Canada, from where it was first discovered, labradorite has since been found in other places like Norway, Sweden, and Russia, but high gemstone-grade labradorite is quite hard to come by. The most beautiful labradorite pieces are just perfect for jewelry, and can be cut as cabochons to display their magical iridescence.
Labradorite is a stone for cleansing and maintaining the etheric body (aura) in good condition. It symbolizes both moon and sun, assisting with transition from one phase of life to another, and helping with the recognition thereof. It helps to provide clarity to the subconscious mind, and helps one to implement the inner messages to the real world.
The color of labradorite is regarded by some as extra terrestrial in origin, and is believed to contain some of that outer space vibes in its flaming spectral coloring, providing for enhanced "galactic" derived insight in meditation, and day-to-day life. It has qualities as a bridge between inner and outer worlds of oneself, and between the earth and outer space. As a stone for meditation, labradorite works great as a calming stone.
Labradorite has been used in treating mental disorders, and to enhance the various body functions like digestion, metabolism, and eyesight. It is believed the flaming color display of labradorite assists with eyesight problems.
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Anna-maya-kosha (anna =food +maya = made of)
The densest of the five koshas (sheaths) is easy for us to understand as it's made of matter as we know it.
"From food creatures are produced: whatsoever creatures dwell on earth.
Moreover, by food they live, and into food they finally pass.
Those who care for this body are nourished by the universe itself."
Taittiriya Upanishad 1000-600 BC
Organic and inorganic matter in the form of food builds our bodies from the earliest cell division, its intake as food maintains our bodies and then, when our physical life is over, molecules and atoms which make the physical body up contribute to the food cycle again.
In our physical yoga practice (asana and vinyasa flow), we take care of Anna-maya-kosha by
 - stretching, strengthening and relaxing muscles and tendons
 - encouraging greater range of movement in the joints
 - massaging and toning the digestive, respiratory, circulatory, reproductive and endocrine systems


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Every year in San Bartolome de Pinares, west of Madrid, during the celebration of the patron saint of animals of St. Anthony Abeda, professional Spanish riders jump through flaming fires, defying death itself.
Before the sparks horse blessed the priest and the ritual has been going on for 500 years.
St. Anthony Abed Egyptian origin was recognized as the patron saint of animals from the Middle Ages
Anthony the Great or Antony the Great (c. 251–356), also known as Saint Anthony, Anthony the Abbot, Anthony of Egypt, Anthony of the Desert, Anthony the Anchorite, Abba Antonius (?????????????), and Father of All Monks, was a Christian saint from Egypt, a prominent leader among the Desert Fathers. He is celebrated in many churches on his feast days: 17 January in the Eastern Orthodox Church and Western churches; and Tobi 22, (January 30) in the Coptic Orthodox Church and the Coptic Catholic Church.
The biography of Anthony's life by Athanasius of Alexandria helped to spread the concept of monasticism, particularly in Western Europe through Latin translations. He is often erroneously considered the first monk, but as his biography and other sources make clear, there were many ascetics before him. Anthony was, however, the first known ascetic going into the wilderness, a geographical shift that seems to have contributed to his renown.
Anthony is appealed to against infectious diseases, particularly skin diseases. "Saint Anthony's fire" has described different afflictions including ergotism, erysipelas and shingles.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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You are hereGeneral French Course in France | Online French lesson by videoconference with IFALPES
Online French lesson by videoconference with IFALPES
Thanks to one-to-one videoconferencing lessons with our native speaking language tutors, you will make quick progress and become more fluent in French.
One-to-one French lessons. One lesson : 30 minutes.
Lessons via videoconference or Skype
You choose your teacher
French native speakers teachers
Flexibility of schedule
- A broadband Internet access
- A computer equipped with a webcam
- A headset and microphone
|Number of lessons*||Total time
* 1 lesson = 30 minutes
** +40€ of booking fees
Once we receive your registration and the 190€ deposit, we will contact you to finalize your booking. Your account will be created once the balance for the course is paid (either by wire transfer or credit card).


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Collection Highlights: Western Art
Flask of imitation porcelain
Painted in underglaze blue with sprays of foliage and flowers. Italian, Florence, probably between 1575 and 1587, maximum height 18.5 cm. Marked beneath the base with the Dome of Florence Cathedral and F.
This is one of about seventy known surviving examples of the earliest successful attempt in Europe to imitate Chinese porcelain. The porcelain-making project was sponsored by the Medici Grand Dukes of Tuscany between about 1575 and 1587. The firing temperatures were at the limit of contemporary Italian ceramic technology and the blue has run slightly in firing. The flask was bought in Naples in 1879 by Fortnum, whose gifts and bequest are still the basis of the Ashmolean's collections of sculpture and decorative arts of the Renaissance. [Bequeathed by C.D.E. Fortnum, WA1899.CDEF.C298].
Second Floor, Room 43, Italian Renaissance


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Nutrition is one of the most important aspects of an esoteric/occult practice. Food and the minerals which they contain can drastically effect someones energy body along with their physical body.
Most practitioners overlook this very important detail within their practice. The old saying "you are what you eat" holds true when understanding it at the occult lens. The energy of the different foods work like alchemy in composing a proper working vessel for the energy bodies to connect and operate through. A cleaner more balanced system is much easier to relay the energetic encodings.
This reading is done by scanning the name and the energetic body along with taking physical information such as height, weight, age, and daily activity levels. By using this information it high lights key areas and these energies are looked into.
The scan shows which areas and which foods would be of best benefit along with the ritual of eating itself, such as When to eat, and sometimes how to eat and what to do before hand, making food and the act of giving your body nutrition and sustenance becomes a living ritual and tradition within your life.
Because the body is a machine it needs the proper oil and lubricants within the body to run to optimum levels, much like a race needs the best gasoline to perform at max performance. This is just the same when it comes to occult practice.
This personalized plan gives you 8 weeks of nutrition guidance by a Certified Nutritionist with the proper foods and ritual Etiquette to perform for the highest vibration and invocation while partaking in the forgotten ritual of sitting and breaking bread.
Using advanced cosmological grids and a letter based gematria system the proper energies and spirits are distilled which are tied to the foods energies which instill the body with the proper energies to fulfill the task of cleanses impurities and creating a healthy, balanced, and oxygenated environment.
This is not a weight loss plan, although this may happen due to proper nutrition, but the over all goal is higher vibrations and raising the bodies vibration and health into higher levels of being.


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Air Pressure and Resistance
Name: Loretta H.
Is there a relationship between air pressure and air
resistance? Recently, I had said that the air resistance acting on a
falling object is actually the air pressure that is acting on the object.
This did not sound right. Air pressure that is acting on an object is I
know a constant value per square area. However, what I was trying to say
was that since air resistance is actually a force that is acting on the
falling object and it is acting on every area of the object, and since we
know that Pressure = Force divided by Area, therefore, air resistance is
somehow related to the pressure of air acting on that object. Please do
enlighten me on this. Thanks.
Air resistance is due to the force exerted on the air by the falling
object to push the air aside to let the object proceed through the
air. By Newton's third law (for every force there is an equal and
opposite reaction) the air pushes on the object with an equal and
opposite force. The air comes together behind the object, of course,
but the resulting pressure there is less that the pressure in front of
the object. The difference in these pressures (times an area, as you
mention) is the cause of the air resistance.
Since, for a stationary object, the air pressure is equal on all sides
of the object, it exerts no net force on the object. If the air
pressure is increased, the net force on a stationary object is still
zero. The net force on a moving object will increase due to the fact
that the air is denser and the object has to push more air aside.
The detailed calculation of air resistance is complicated, but the
basic idea, as stated here, is simple.
Best, Dick Plano
Hi, Loretta!!!
I can only understand this problem by considering
that the bigger the pressure, the more resistance
there will be against the movement of a body.
And that because there will be more air to be
crossed. The behavior of the limit layer surely
will show us that at the front the pressure will
be greater than behind, where greater turbulence
should be expected. If there were no movement
the only force acting on the body is that due to
pressure differences, vertical, from the bottom to
the top. This force is independent from the value
of pressure. If the body moves across the air,
there will be a greater pressure ahead and vacuum
at the tail ( depending upon how big is the speed ).
If a body falls, the resistance will be increasingly
bigger, till it reaches a value where there will be no
more acceleration, or be, constant speed. On the
other extreme, without air, there always will be
acceleration, what means increasing velocity.
When comets reach the earth atmosphere - as
you know - the friction is so high that the tempeture increases and oxygen starts a chemical
reaction and burns the comet. In a planet where
the gravity is bigger than at the earth, there will
be more gases present, and the friction will be
You are ok in this as long as you are careful about what you mean by air
pressure. The pressure that acts to oppose an object moving through
air is not the ambient air pressure. That pressure exerts the same
force on all sides of the object, so the net force from it is zero.
When an object moves through the air, its motion causes the air
pressure in front to increase while the pressure behind decreases, and
this pressure difference produces a net force on the object. If the
object suddenly stops moving, it will take a while for the higher
pressure air in front to leak around to the back, and while this is
happening, the object will still feel a net force from the pressure
difference. So it is the pressure that causes the force.
But drag is more complicated than this because there are other things
that happen as the object moves. The air and the object are heated,
there is turbulence, jets make a condensation trail, etc. All of these
things must be "paid for" out of the momentum (and energy) of the
moving object, and any time momentum changes, there is by definition a
force of some kind.
There is a relation between air pressure and air resistance, but air
resistance and air pressure are not the same thing. If air pressure were
zero, air resistance would also be zero. Still non-zero air pressure does
not mean any air resistance is being felt.
Air pressure is from all directions. Air pressure can be different on
different parts of an object, but in most cases it is quite large all
around. Air pressure is due to molecules crashing into the object from all
Air resistance is due to the motion of an object through the air. The
object pushes the air molecules out of the way. The molecules push back.
Because the air molecules in front get squeezed together more tightly,
pressure in front is greater. Air molecules in back get a little spread
out, so air pressure in back is less. The net effect is a force opposite
the direction of motion.
Just as important to air resistance is the shape of the moving object. A
narrow, pointed object pushes the molecules aside quite easily. A flat
front must push the molecules harder to get them to the side. It is like
hammering a sharp nail versus a dull peg into a piece of wood. For an
arrow, the air molecules in front do not get so tightly squeezed together as
for the dull peg.
Air pressure may be viewed as part of why air resistance exists, but it is
not air resistance itself.
Dr. Ken Mellendorf
Illinois Central College
Air pressure does act on all (exposed) surfaces of an object. The presence of
air pressure does not depend on the state of motion of an object, or even the
presence of an object. It is a property of the air alone.
Wind resistance can only be talked about in terms of the resistance to motion
of an object in the air. The presence of a body to be acted on and the motion
of the air around it creates an increase in the air pressure in front of the
object compared to the air pressure behind the object. This DIFFERENCE in air
pressure results in a new force resisting the motion of the object, which we
call wind resistance.
Click here to return to the Physics Archives
Update: June 2012


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The City of the Dead (U.S. title: Horror Hotel) is a 1960 horror film directed by John Llewellyn Moxey and starring Christopher Lee, Venetia Stevenson, Betta St. John, Patricia Jessel and Valentine Dyall. Produced in England but set in America, the British actors were required to speak with American accents throughout.
In 1692, in the fictional Massachusetts town of Whitewood, a witch named Elizabeth Selwyn was burned at the stake. However, before her death, she managed to make a deal with the devil: he gave her eternal life in exchange for a promise eternally to create only evil.
This opening story is in reality a dramatization of the lecture on witchcraft Professor Alan Driscoll is giving to his history students at university. One of his students, Nan Barlow, is particularly interested in this subject, so the professor advises her to visit Whitewood, where she can find many interesting things on the topic. Nan goes there on vacation. Having settled in The Raven's Inn, a hotel owned by eccentric Mrs. Newless, Nan begins to study the history of the town. She gets acquainted with the only normal-seeming local resident, Patricia, and upon borrowing a book on witchcraft from her, soon learns that the very night she is there–February 1st–is also Candlemas Eve–the day when the witches sacrifice a young girl. Nan is eventually lured down to the basement of the hotel, which is actually a satanic shrine, and gets captured by Mrs. Newless and members of her coven. Newless says that she is actually the immortal Elizabeth Selwyn. To sustain her immortality, virgins must be sacrificed to the witch every year—and this year, the student is the chosen victim.
Two weeks later, having not heard from Nan, her brother Richard is persuaded to check up on her by her fiance Tom, and discovers that not only does Whitewood not exist in any phone directory, but when the police are summoned to join the search, that Nan abruptly left The Raven's Inn without informing anyone. After Patricia herself travels to Nan's school to meet Professor Driscoll, inquiring where she could find Nan's family, she visits Richard and Tom and shares her concerns with them. Richard then travels to Whitewood himself, encountering the formidable Mrs. Newless and reconnecting with Patricia. Tom must overcome witches' machinations on the way when he takes off after Richard(car crash), and the mystery deepens when Nan appears to have vanished without a trace. Richard meets the Reverend Russell, Patricia's grandfather, who tells him about the demonic cult ruling over the town. Soon, Patricia is kidnapped, and Richard finds her in the same basement where Nan died. The girl is ready to be sacrificed. To his great surprise, Richard learns that the leader of the satanic sect is Mrs. Newless/Elizabeth Selwyn and that Professor Driscoll is himself a centuries-old member of the coven, who deliberately sent Nan to her death. Richard is also captured and is soon to be killed. At the last minute, the greatly-injured Tom gets involved and, with the help of the cross, burns the witches, although he himself is killed with a knife in the back. Newless escapes, but she is dying as the time of sacrifice is missed. Later, Richard and Patricia find her burnt body in the hotel.
In the American version, a few minutes of dialogue were removed, including these lines near the beginning, which fit in with and clarify the plot of the movie:
"I have made my pact with thee O Lucifer! Hear me, hear me! I will do thy bidding for all eternity. For all eternity shall I practice the ritual of Black Mass. For all eternity shall I sacrifice unto thee. I give thee my soul, take me into thy service."
"O Lucifer, listen to thy servant, grant her this pact for all eternity and I with her, and if we fail thee but once, you may do with our souls what you will."
"Make this city an example of thy vengeance. Curse it, curse it for all eternity! Let me be the instrument of thy curse. Hear me O Lucifer, hear me!"
By John Llewellyn Moxey (_URL_ [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons


Biological Hazards
Term Level Definition Source
Biological hazard Subgroup A hazard caused by exposure to living organisms and/or their toxic substances (e.g., venom, or mold) or vector-borne diseases that they may carry. Examples are venomous wildlife and insects, poisonous plants, algae blooms, and mosquitoes carrying agents that causes disease such as parasites, bacteria, or viruses (e.g., malaria). IRDR
Animal incident Type Subtype Human encounters with dangerous or exotic animals in both urban and rural environments. IRDR
Epidemic Type Either an unusual, often sudden, increase in the number of cases of an infectious disease that already existed in the region (e.g., flu, or E. coli) or the appearance of an infectious disease previously absent from the region (e.g., plague, or polio). EM-DAT1
Infectious disease Subtype (General) Either an unusual, often sudden, increase in the number of cases of an infectious disease that already existed in the region (e.g., flu, or E. coli) or the appearance of an infectious disease previously absent from the region (e.g., plague, or polio). IRDR1
Bacterial disease Subtype An unusual increase in the number of cases caused by exposure to bacteria either through skin contact, ingestion, or inhalation. Examples include salmonella, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA), and cholera, among others. IRDR2
Parasitic disease Subtype An unusual increase in the number of cases caused by exposure to a parasite, i.e., an organism living on or in a host. Exposure to parasites occurs mostly through contaminated water, food, or contact with insects, animals, etc. Examples are malaria, Chagas disease, giardiasis, and Trichinellosis. IRDR2
Viral disease Subtype
Fungal disease Subtype An unusual increase in the number of cases caused by exposure to fungi either through skin contact, ingestion, or inhalation of spores. Examples are fungal pneumonia, fungal meningitis, etc. IRDR2
Prion disease Subtype A type of biological hazard caused by prion proteins. Prion diseases or transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are a family of rare progressive neurodegenerative disorders that affect both humans and animals. They are characterized by long incubation periods and neural loss. Examples are Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD), Kuru, etc. IRDR2
Infestation Type Subtype (General) The pervasive influx, swarming and/or hatching of insects, worms, or other animals affecting humans, animals, crops, and perishable goods. IRDR3
Grasshopper infestation Subtype Infestation of grasshoppers (insects). IRDR3
Locust infestation Subtype Infestation of locusts (insects). IRDR3
Worm Infestation Subtype Infestation of worms. IRDR3
 1. The "Infectious disease" definition corresponds to the definition of "Disease" in the IRDR glossary. The same definition is used to define "Epidemic" in the EM-DAT glossary. ↩ ↩
 2. With minor modifications. ↩ ↩ ↩ ↩
 3. These definitions have been adapted and derived from the IRDR definition of "Insect infestation". ↩ ↩ ↩ ↩


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- Precious stones
- Arabic manuscripts (4)
- Mines and mineral resources (2)
- Arabic poetry (1)
- Botany (1)
- Illuminations (1)
- Miniatures (Illuminations) (1)
- Naskh script (1)
- Poetry (1)
- Zoology (1)
Book of Royal Gemstones
This work, by Abu al-‛Abbās Ahmad b. Yūsuf al-Qaysī al-Tīfāshī, a 13th-century writer and mineralogist who was born in Tunisia and worked in Egypt, describes precious gems found in the treasuries of kings and rulers. The author lists 25 gemstones and dedicates a chapter to each. They include the ruby (yāqūt), emerald (zumurrud), topaz (zabarjad), diamond (almās), turquoise (fīrūzaj), magnetite (maghnātīs), agate (‛aqīq), lapis lazuli (lāzward), coral (marjān), and quartz (talq). In each chapter, the author discusses the causes of the gemstone's formation, provenance, criteria for appraisal of...
The Book on the Properties of Precious Gems
The title page identifies this manuscript as a copy of Kitab khawas al-jawāhir (The book on the properties of precious gems), written by Yaqūb ibn Ishāq al-Kindī in the ninth century. The work has 25 chapters, which are titled "On the knowledge of gems in general," "On knowledge of rubies," "On knowledge of emeralds," "On knowledge of lapis," and so forth. Each of these chapters gives basic information about these precious stones and their properties, as understood at the time. Information on the pricing of gems and the location of...
The Blossoms of Thoughts Regarding the Precious Stones
Azhār al-Afkār fī Jawāhir al-Ahjār (The blossoms of thoughts regarding precious stones) is considered the most detailed and complete treatise of the Middle Ages on stones and their properties. Lapidaries, or treatises devoted entirely to the discussion of precious stones and their features, can be traced to ancient Greece. Pliny, in his Naturalis Historia (Natural history), mentions at least 20 authors as sources of his knowledge of stones, even though, of the works he cites, only the treatise On Stones by Theophrastus (circa 371–287 BC) has survived. Theophrastus's...
The Selection of Treasures Regarding Precious Stones
Kitāb nuhab al-dahā'ir fī ahwāl al-jawāhir (The selection of treasures regarding precious stones) is a treatise devoted to precious stones and, in particular, to the different kinds of hyacinth (a precious stone of the ancients, sometimes held to be the sapphire). The work opens with a draft of a poem on precious stones on the title page, probably copied at the same time as the manuscript, and proceeds with brief notes on the different kinds of hyacinth, on pearls, and on other precious stones found in water. The author...
Farah's Encyclopedia of Nature
This Persian manuscript contains the text and accompanying illustrations of Faraḥ nāmah (Farah's encyclopedia of nature), also known by the title Ajayib al-dunya (Wonders of the world). The work is a treatise on natural history by al-Muṭahhar ibn Muḥammad al-Yazdi (flourished circa 1184). The manuscript was copied in the 17th century in a large Taliq script, and is illuminated with detailed multicolored illustrations of animals, birds, plants, rocks, and humans. Persian miniature painting was becoming a fine art genre in the 12th–13th centuries, and portrayal of the...


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Renewable Energy Sources
Beaufort Court has been designed so that nearly all the energy required should be provided by renewable sources located on the site. These include: a wind turbine generating electricity, a solar panel array providing both electricity and hot water for heating, an underground borehole providing cooling during the summer, and a biomass crop which will be burned in a biomass boiler to provide heat. A large underground seasonal heat store allows heat generated from the PVT and solar thermal panels in the summer to be used later during cold weather.
Wind Energy
The 225 kW Vestas wind turbine, which is clearly visible from the nearby M25 motorway, is 36m high with a rotor diameter of 29m. The electricity it generates is used to provide power to the buildings at Beaufort Court, with any excess being sold to the Herts-based electricity supplier, Green Energy UK.
Solar Energy
The full solar array is made up of 54 sq m of hybrid photo-voltaic / thermal (PVT) panels and 116 sq m of solar thermal panels. The novel design of the seven PVT panels, consisting of a photovoltaic array which converts sunlight into electricity, combined with a copper heat exchanger on the back to capture the remaining solar energy, allows the production of both electricity and hot water. The other fifteen solar thermal panels do not have the PV array and so produce only hot water. The hot water produced is used to provide heat for the buildings, either directly, or indirectly via the heat store at a later date.
Biomass Energy
The buildings' heating needs are primarily met by a biomass boiler fuelled by the energy crop Miscanthus, or 'Elephant Grass', 5 hectares of which have been planted around the edge of the site. The crop is harvested annually in the late winter with conventional harvesting equipment, then dried and stored as bales until needed. The bales are then shredded on-site before being fed into the 100kW biomass boiler, or can be sent off-site for conversion into a pelleted fuel source. Until the miscanthus crop is at full yield, wood chips and pellets from other sustainable sources are being used to fuel the boiler.
Borehole Cooling
Naturally available underground water is used to cool the buildings during the summer. Water is extracted from the local aquifer at a constant temperature of 12° C via a 75m deep borehole. First it is used to cool and dehumidify the incoming air to the buildings in the Air Handling Units, then it is circulated at 15° C through chilled beams in the offices, before being pumped out to irrigate the energy crop.


Populations Students Early Career Families Educators View My Account
Skip Navigation LinksNASP Home Publications Communiqué Volume 37, Issue 7 10 Things State Associations Can Do
Advocating for School Psychologists in Response to the APA's Proposed Model Act for State Licensure of Psychologists: 10 Things State Associations Can Do To Help
By Anastasia Kalamaros Skalski
NASP has created a roadmap for state associations to respond to the model act. This roadmap contains extensive information on the model act, checklists for assessing your state's risk for exposure to these proposals, and suggestions for working to combat them. The full roadmap is available at _URL_
Exhibt E in this roadmap details the top 10 essential advocacy activities for state associations. These activities include:
 1. Identify leaders and a clear set of procedures for monitoring and responding to the introduction of potentially harmful state legislation, regulations, or policies. Suggested leaders include: State Association President, NASP Delegate, State GPR/legislative chairperson, SPAN Coordinator, state lobbyist, etc.
 2. Conduct a needs assessment of the advocacy skills and knowledge of leaders and members. Prepare school psychologists as needed so that they clearly understand key advocacy messages and specific strategies that they can personally use in responding to this issue. Consult the NASP GPR Committee as needed in building this capacity.
 3. Conduct a 'risk' assessment of how vulnerable your state is to potential policies or legislation that would remove the right of nondoctoral school psychologists to use the 'psychologist' title and to engage in psychological practice in school settings.
 4. Complete the NASP Advocacy Roadmap for States: Profile of School Psychology Credentialing and Psychologist Licensing (Exhibit D).
 5. Respond to needs assessment, risk assessment, Profile of State Credentialing, and other NASP Advocacy Roadmap for States materials by developing a State Action Plan (Exhibit I). To be most useful, the state plan should have concrete recommendations of specific actions (e.g., advocacy training, developing a legislative alert system, setting up a phone tree for contacting legislators, etc.) to be taken to improve awareness, communication and message development, and advocacy skills.
 6. Set up an ongoing State Action Plan (Exhibit I) monitoring and evaluation system to ensure that all activities are completed on time and all pertinent information is communicated to state school psychology leaders and grassroots advocates.
 7. Establish communication methods with state school psychologists where regular updates are posted, questions answered, and time-sensitive action requests can be made. Suggestions include: website bulletin boards, blogs, brief e-mail announcements, and 'alert systems' that include e-mails, phone calls, or other types of announcements. Appoint specific leaders as responsible for managing all communications.
 8. Identify and reach out to key stakeholders and allies. Inform nonschool psychology colleagues and stakeholders about the model act issue and solicit their support in responding to any potential threatening legislation. Focus on the how disruptive potential legislation could be to services, policies, and procedures. Build coalitions that can be helpful in responding to this crisis while also building collaborative relationships and promoting shared missions regarding advocacy for essential student services.
 9. Prepare information packets or an 'issue kit' that can be accessed easily and quickly. Select key materials and information that succinctly explains the problem and how it can be resolved. Consult the NASP Advocacy Roadmap for States materials for ideas of key materials and resources.
 10. Work with state administrators, psychology licensing boards, state credentialing boards, and other public policy agencies and personnel to work out agreements that articulate why school psychologists are essential to the mission and purpose of schools. Be patient and never give up. Your colleagues and students are counting on you.
Several state associations have made a significant effort to inform their members about the impact that the model act could have on practices within their state and have also developed tools and strategies to help their members respond. Exhibit P in the Advocacy Roadmap provides examples of some of these products.
Anastasia Kalamaros Skalski, PhD, is NASP Director, Public Policy.


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Creative Experts to Address Hot Topics in International Education During DC Conference
By Jennifer Brookland
March 5, 2015
Nearly 3,000 education professionals from around the globe are in Washington, D.C., this week to take part in the 59th annual Comparative and International Education Society conference's 500 activities exploring the most important issues in global education.
Creative experts will moderate or speak at 12 events, providing insights from completed and ongoing work ranging from randomized control trials investigating school dropout in Asia to strategies for teacher professional development in low-resource settings.
Recruiters from Creative's human resources team will also be on hand throughout the conference at the organization's table and at various presentations and receptions.
More than 500 workshops, panel discussions, paper presentations, films, networking events and talks from Sunday, March 8 through Friday, March 13 will reflect this year's theme of "Ubuntu! Imagining a Humanist Education Globally."
Registration is still possible for the conference, which takes place this year at the Washington Hilton hotel.
A focus on global math education
Basic mathematical skills play a critical role in determining an individual's life success, and even dictate a country's capacity to advance in science and technology. Yet large, cross-national mathematics studies have shown that children in developing countries lag behind when it comes to performance in math. What the studies don't show is why, or where the problems originate.
Creative's math specialist Deepa Srikantaiah will chair a panel on Global Mathematics Education: Mathematics for Youth, which will focus on out of school youth, older children, non-formal education, and math for workforce development, and answer some of these questions.
She will also chair a panel on Math education for linguistic and cultural minorities, examining efforts and gaps in making math education more inclusive for linguistic and cultural minorities.
Another, two-part panel will continue the focus on math education, presenting research on approaches to supporting primary school math teachers in low-resource contexts. Traditional learning models used in these environments often run counter to current thinking that holds mathematics instruction should stress conceptual understanding, adaptive reasoning, and flexible problem-solving.
Facilitated by Joy du Plessis, a Senior Associate in Creative's Education for Development division, the panels will first address teachers' knowledge and beliefs, and then teacher practice and attempts to change it through training and support.
The overwhelming importance of literacy
In today's globalized and technology-driven era, where literacy is tantamount to earning potential and power, Ubuntu-inspired education means all students learn to read well. But today, only a fraction of primary school-age children worldwide learn to read with speed, accuracy, expressivity, and understanding.
Improving and expanding fluency and comprehension instruction has proven challenging in early grade reading classrooms around the world, with the consequence that many children develop these skills slowly, or not at all.
Diane Prouty, a senior educational researcher at Creative, will discuss planning and organizing for success in fluency and comprehension on a panel called Instruction for optimal fluency and comprehension: Approaches and possibilities, in which experts imagine how high-quality fluency and comprehension instruction can become a standard feature of all classrooms, rather than being largely confined to the global North.
Prouty will provide evidence about the efficacy of strategies and techniques to deliver fluency and comprehension skills that are feasible for teachers even in the most difficult classroom contexts, calling on data on student outcomes from programs in Yemen, Tanzania, and Zambia.
Prouty will also chair, and present on a panel entitled Differentiated instructional practices in Reading and Math: Reaching all students.
Despite awareness that teaching should be responsive to individual learning needs, many teachers announce with pride that they treat all their students the same. "Consequently, multiple factors lead to the marginalization and vulnerability of individual students in any classroom," explains Prouty, and "students who start off with the toughest learning situations frequently end up getting the poorest instruction and least opportunity to learn."
In fact research has shown that the poorer the country, the greater the gap between the learning opportunities of students based on gender, social economic demographics, urban/rural settings and disability.
This panel will explore important influences that impact students' opportunity to learn reading and math, and how Creative has introduced teaching practices and professional development strategies that foster differentiated instructional techniques in its education programs.
Prouty will take a special look at educational reform efforts in developing countries where there are booming student populations in under-resourced learning environments.
Srikantaiah will discuss differentiated teaching and learning strategies based on recent brain research that revealed structural and functional differences between the ways boys and girls learn.
And Nicholas Hoekstra, a research associate at Creative, will present on differentiated learning strategies to reach students with special learning needs.
In a panel chaired by Karen Tietjen, Director of Creative's Instructional Systems and Governance practice area, experts will present "experiences from smalland large-scale reading improvement programs in an effort to inform (and perhaps temper) expectations surrounding how quickly and easily the needle on reading performance has been (and can be) moved."
Despite increasing momentum for the post-2015 set of global goals and indicators to include a target for primary education learning outcomes, experts disagree not just on which goals to select, but what expectations are reasonable.
Great Expectations: Reflections on reading results achieved to date and prospects for "All Children Reading" in a post-2015 world will focus on results from programs in several countries, including Tanzania, Yemen and Zambia, and will attempt to set expectations that are indeed great, but also informed.
Tietjen will also chair a panel on Preventing Dropout: Exploring impact, successes, failures, and imponderables, which features Creative staff and partners from the USAID-funded School Dropout Prevention Pilot (SDPP) in Cambodia, Timor-Leste, India and Tajikistan.
While enrollment has grown globally, the ability of school systems to provide quality education has not always kept pace. Dropout has emerged as a worldwide problem; up to 50 percent of American students in some urban centers fail to complete compulsory education, and the number is even higher in parts of Asia. There is little evidence from developing countries on effective ways to mitigate this.
School Dropout Prevention Pilot, which is assessing the effectiveness of tailored anti-dropout interventions through randomized control trials, will eventually collect data from 898 schools and 278,000 students. This panel will present the varying effectiveness of the pilot's dropout mitigation interventions, and will address its impact on variables including student progression and dropout, engagement, behaviors and attitudes.
More panels not to miss: Conflict, coaching, and middle school
Creative experts will also present on learning in conflict and crisis, bringing attendees through video to Nigeria, Pakistan and Honduras for a glimpse at the challenges and expectations for students in these places, and revealing each group's unique strategies and learning outcomes as they navigate danger in their daily lives.
Education programs that combine academic achievement with positive coping strategies can play a crucial role in safeguarding children's psychosocial health and keeping them on track for success later in life. Unique perspectives on learning in contexts of conflict, chaired by Creative's Education in Conflict expert Wendy Wheaton, will investigate the effectiveness and potential of programs that address vulnerable learners, particularly in the context of conflict and crisis.
In a panel on Adapting coaching for different contexts, Creative's instructional systems and school governance expert Lynn Evans poses a few key questions about coaching early grade reading teachers. How can it be embedded in broader professional development, and how can Ministries of Education that are sometimes weak and under-resourced provide it? Can anyone make the paradigm shift from supervisor to coach? Does gender matter in coach selection?
The international education community is learning that "Effective coaching for teachers can influence their resiliency, student learning in the classroom, and overall school improvement efforts."
Creative experts Evans and du Plessis will present findings from coaching components they have introduced in Zambia and Yemen. Creative's Chief of Party in Tanzania, Renuka Pillay, will speak about the organization's role in Coaching for Reading Across the Curriculum, a part of the Tanzania 21st Century Basic Education Program being implemented in 900 primary schools.
Sylvia Ellison will chair a panel discussion on Issues and opportunities in middle school education—a level that will soon demand more attention as enrollment rises but quality stagnates.
Middle school is a transition period for children, who are facing new academic and social challenges that could lead them down a path to success and opportunity, or frustration, negativity and diminished options for a positive adulthood. At this level, scholastic pressure rises while school-based support for students often wanes.
And yet "the resilience of middle school children coupled with their increasing capacity for autonomous action, their growing mastery of new knowledge and skills and their innate pursuit to find purpose in life create powerful opportunities that schools can leverage."
This panel will look at strategies and approaches that can help students thrive in middle school, empower educators to meet their learning and developmental needs, and ensure structures and policies promote healthy learning environments.
Creative's Eric Rusten will present on middle schoolers' perceptions of and experiences with school, and will share the perspectives of students in Morocco, Jordan, Tajikistan and Cambodia. —the role schooling plays in their life, their views of teachers and other students, how they experienced school, what caused them or would cause them to leave, and what would keep them in school and enhance their well-being.
It will also look at various way of eliciting authentic student opinion and supporting a productive dialogue among students, parents and educators.
Abdelkader Ezzaki, a Creative education expert based in Morocco who now works on the Enhanced Reading Program, will present what worked in strengthening reading instruction for middle school students. Jeff Coupe will present on creating a healthy learning environment that can foster student engagement and well-being, particularly among at-risk students with lagging skill sets.


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Some people who have diabetes may experience increased levels of blood sugar in the morning. It turns out that high blood sugar levels in the morning it can be lowered by eating vegetables.
Vegetables are not only good at night when a person consumed a diet, because eating the right vegetables in the morning can help achieve the blood sugar to normal levels while providing essential nutrients.
Increased blood sugar levels in the morning is often caused by several factors. Experts from Clevelend Clinic describes one person's body store sugar that is consumed at night. By morning, the body will pull it from the storage of sugar so that the blood sugar to rise.
High blood sugar levels or hyperglycemia called marked by increased thirst, the urge to urinate continues, slightly blurred vision and fatigue.
Some vegetables are known to help lower or stabilize blood glucose levels. This is because vegetables contain fiber that can help lower blood sugar, as quoted from MayoClinic.
Foods that are known to contain soluble fiber can help lower blood sugar, such as vegetables, carrots, broccoli, cauliflower, fruit bits, certain mushrooms and green vegetables including spinach and kale.
These vegetables can be mixed with breakfast foods, such as mixing the eggs with broccoli, asparagus and a little cheddar cheese, or eating boiled eggs and spinach leaves. In addition it can also be juiced vegetables, such as carrot juice, beet juice or spinach.
Yet the American Diabetes Association recommends to avoid starchy vegetables because they contain high carbohydrates that cause blood sugar to rise. Should avoid peas, corn or squash in the morning. If the consumption of vegetables in a can then read the label because it usually contains added sugar.
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How do I change the header size in PowerPoint for all slides?
- On the View tab, click Slide Master. …
- Click the slide master to change the font on all slides, or click any of the layouts to change the font size on just that layout.
- On the slide master or layout, select the level of placeholder text for which you want to change the font size.
How do you select all titles in PowerPoint?
unless you can reapply the slide master to all the slides. If you switch the left pane to OUTLINE. You might be able to select all of the titles (CTRL down) and adjust the font etc.
How do I apply the same format to all slides in PowerPoint?
Select the slide to which you want to apply the design. On the Design tab, right-click the design in the Themes group, and then click Apply to Selected Slides.
Which option is used to replace the font in all?
You can also use the Replace Font option to change a font throughout your presentation. Here's how: On the Home tab, in the Editing group, select Replace and then select Replace Fonts.
How do I apply slide master to all slides?
To apply a slide master to slides that you imported from a Slide Library, do the following: Open the presentation that you want to add a slide to. On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click New Slide, and then click Reuse Slides. In the All Slides list, click the slide that you want to add to your presentation.
What is slide title master pair?
The Slide Master and Title Master for a template are called a slide-title master pair. The Slide Master controls the properties of every slide in the presentation. All of the characteristics of the Slide Master (background color, text color , font, and font size) appear on every slide in the presentation.
What is the fastest way to change all of the slide layout and Colours of your presentation?
- Select the slide that you want to change the layout for.
- Select Home > Layout.
- Select the layout that you want. The layouts contain placeholders for text, videos, pictures, charts, shapes, clip art, a background, and more.
How do I select all text and change the font in PowerPoint?
Select all the slides ( Ctrl + A ) using the Outline view. You can then change the Font for the selected text. You should edit Slide Master. Set all fonts as the one you want in all slides in the Slide Master.
How do I copy all text in PowerPoint?
Press Ctrl + A to select everything. If that doesn't work, choose View> Page Display> Enable Scrolling, double-click at the top, and drag downward until everything is selected. (For some reason, this is slow.) With the entire document selected, copy to the Clipboard.
How do you select multiple text in PowerPoint?
Click. The easiest way to select multiple objects on a slide is to hold down the Shift key and start clicking.


Chaim Potok:
Maps of
Interview by
Jeff Keuss,
Connie McDougall and
Jennifer Johnson
Chaim Potok Speaks on
A Conversation with
Chaim Potok
Asher Lev and Discovering Your Gift
Additional Resources:
Chaim Potok's speech (Real Audio)
For the past three or four years, Chaim Potok has been "rethinking and reworking" the subject matter for his writings. A Potok novella will be released next year, along with a group of short stories. "The new stuff is starting to come out," says the writer, also an ordained rabbi. "And it will surprise some people."
On October 29, Seattle Pacific University welcomed to campus renowned author and scholar Chaim Potok. A professor of philosophy at the University of Pennsylvania, Potok has written numerous novels: books which often examine coming-of-age dilemmas in settings where culture, art and faith collide.
Born in Brooklyn in 1929 to Polish immigrants, Potok was raised an Orthodox Jew with the expectation that he would become a Talmudic scholar. However, at age 16, following a powerful encounter with literature, he decided on a writing career. He wanted to create stories that "provide a map not only of the physical elements of life, but of the spiritual ones as well."
Potok's best-known novels include The Chosen, nominated for a National Book Award and recipient of the Edward Lewis Wallant Award; The Promise, awarded the Athenaeum Prize; My Name is Asher Lev; and The Gift of Asher Lev, which won the National Jewish Award. Other books include In the Beginning, The Book of Lights and Davita's Harp. Potok has also written children's literature, as well as works of non-fiction such as Wanderings: Chaim Potok's History of the Jews.
Potok's work has long been part of Seattle Pacific University's core curriculum for incoming freshmen. For instance, The Chosen is required reading in Professor of Christian Ministries Les Steele's class, "Dynamics of Christian Formation." "First of all, the book tells a good story," Steele explains. "Students relate to the characters. They're the same age dealing with the same issues of identity and faith."
Barbara Korner uses My Name is Asher Lev, which tells of a young artist at odds with his Jewish community, in her "Arts in American Culture" course. "The book works on many levels," says the associate professor of theatre. "Students learn about the artistic process and gain a new understanding of art and culture as tools to examine our faith."
Last year, sophomore Shannon Fletcher studied The Chosen. "The thing I remember most is how the Jews in the book were so devoted to their faith. It meant everything to them."
Steele says using a Jewish author's books in a Christian curriculum underscores a deep relationship between the two religions. "Our roots are imbedded in and indebted to Jewish traditions," he emphasizes.
Amy Lerner, earning her doctorate at SPU in psychology, has a unique understanding of the two traditions. Her father grew up in a family of Russian Orthodox Jews. Her mother, on the other hand, was and is a Protestant.
For Lerner, a Christian, Potok's work resonates with her "dual" heritage. "His themes are universal, bigger than any one belief system." And Potok, like her father, teaches the value of Jewish traditions upon which her faith is built.
She recalls Genesis 12:1-2, when God spoke to Abraham: "I will make you into a great nation, and I will bless you; I will make your name great, and you will be a blessing."
Says Lerner, "Potok is a blessing to all of us."
A Conversion with Chaim Potok
Response: Many of your writings deal with characters who are "coming of age." Why has that been such an important theme for you?
Potok: I think that those are the ages where individuals from any given culture are profoundly affected by ideas that might come to them from other cultures. Those are the vulnerable ages.
Response: How well do you think American higher education today is assisting students in this formative time of their lives?
Potok: I teach at an Ivy League school, and I doubt that's representative of what is going on generally in the United States. My impression is that in many areas universities are wanting. And it's very difficult to pinpoint exactly what it is that's going wrong, why and where. I think a lot of people are quite concerned, and rightly so, and are attempting to re-evaluate the educational process.
Response: In the courses you teach, what are some of the questions that students are asking today?
Potok: Universal questions like: Who am I? What do I owe my community? What am I learning about my past? What am I preparing to give to the future? What sort of commitments am I going to make? Students are involved in the search for meaning. They're very concerned about what place they're going to find in this culture in the next century - what the real world is going to be like for them.
Response: At Seattle Pacific, we use your novels The Chosen and My Name is Asher Lev in our freshman core classes. What attitudes do you hope that we would bring to an exploration of your works?
Potok: An openness to discuss all sorts of ideas. The conviction that no idea should be foreign to us. A willingness to debate without fear of consequences. At the same time, an acknowledgment that, as a civilization, in the end there have to be limitations; there have to be borders; there has to be some measure of what most of us will agree is the deviant in our culture. There has to be some way of living a day-to-day life in spite of the fact that the discussion remains fluid.
I think that's the fundamental purpose of the university: to teach the student how to create a balance between an ongoing, fluid discussion about the nature of a culture, and the reality that when the student wakes up Monday morning he or she has to commit himself or herself to something. It's one thing to discuss; it's another thing to live.
Response: That's reminiscent of the character Danny Saunders in your book The Chosen. Here is someone steeped in both religious readings and psychoanalytic theory. His efforts to reconcile the two push him to a deeper understanding of himself and the world, don't they?
Potok: Yes, I think that really can happen - and that would be the ideal for me. And you know, you don't have to be overly brilliant to achieve that sort of understanding. The character Asher Lev isn't especially smart academically. He's gifted as an artist. But, he certainly doesn't have significant academic prowess. Not all kids are geniuses at the level of Danny Saunders. All of us can achieve this at our own level, if properly directed.
It's important to confront ideas from outside our cultures and somehow come to grips with them and not be overwhelmed by them. The best way for that to happen is to be firmly grounded in whatever culture you come from so that you confront the world from a base of knowledge and commitment, rather than from a base of ignorance.
Response: In My Name is Asher Lev, you write that "one man is no better than another because he's a doctor while the other is a shoemaker. One is no better than the other because he's a lawyer while the other's a painter. A life is measured by how it is lived for the sake of heaven." What does it mean to live a life for the sake of heaven?
Potok: That's a very strong strain of thought in Judaism, and my guess is in Christianity as well. There's this great Hasidic story of a shepherd who came to the synagogue on the Day of Atonement and couldn't read the prayers. And the Hasidic master told him to do whatever it was that he could do the best. And the shepherd whistled. And the Hasidic master said to his followers, who were sort of aghast at this, that that whistle meant more to God than all their prayers together, because that whistle really came from the very soul of that shepherd. It's the depth of a life lived. That's what touches the transcendent. And everybody's capable of that.
Response: The characters in your books often suffer real trauma in the course of their lives. And that seems to bring on a reckoning, a sense of calling to use their individual gifts in the culture. What role do you think suffering has for us as people?
Potok: If we live, we're going to suffer sooner or later - especially in this century. It's inconceivable to me that anybody could have lived through any significant part of this century and not encountered major trauma of one kind or another. It makes little difference where you're from or what your background is. And sooner or later we have to come to terms with that suffering. It affects our lives and our commitments in profound ways.
Response: For the characters in your books, one way of expressing themselves is through art. Do you see this as something that's becoming lost in a technological culture?
Potok: I don't think it's going to become lost because I think the hunger for art is fundamental to human expression. It's one of the essential means of human communication. It's one of the fundamental ways that we give meaning to our existence. It can be put on the back burner for a while by benighted individuals and by technology, although people sophisticated about technology know that technology, too, has its aesthetics. It's


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The Wikipedia page for Joule heating explains
However, I wonder why they only talk about ions. Of course, electrons can easier interact with particles, which also have a long range field, but what about the non-charged particles which are also all around?
Is Joule heating only between electrons and ions?
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I guess they have metals in mind. For a solution (electrolyte) it is clearly not the case because each charged molecule (ion) is surrounded by neutral molecules (since most of the molecules are neutral) and in liquid molecules can't just fly through, they are in a constant collision.
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prime(t) = \langle 2t,\sin t,6t^2\rangle + \langle 5,3,0\rangle = \langle 2t+5, \sin t + 3, 6t^2\rangle\). To find \(\vecs r(t)\), we integrate once more.
 \[\begin{align*}
 \int \vecs r ^\prime(t)\ dt &= \langle \int 2t+5\ dt, \int \sin t + 3\ dt, \int 6t^2 dt \rangle\\
 &= \langle t^2+5t, -\cos t + 3t, 2t^3\rangle + \vecs C_2.
 \end{align*}\]
 With \(\vecs r(0) = \langle -7,-1,2\rangle\), we solve for \(\vecs C_2\):
 \[\begin{align*}
 \vecs r(t) &= \langle t^2+5t, -\cos t + 3t, 2t^3\rangle + \vecs C_2\\
 \vecs r(0) &= \langle 0,-1,0\rangle + \vecs C_2\\
 \langle -7,-1,2\rangle &= \langle 0,-1,0\rangle + \vecs C_2\\
 \langle -7,0,2\rangle &= \vecs C_2.
 \end{align*}\]
 So \(\vecs r(t) = \langle t^2+5t, -\cos t + 3t, 2t^3\rangle + \langle -7,0,2\rangle = \langle t^2+5t-7,-\cos t+3t,2t^3+2\rangle.\)
 What does the integration of a vector-valued function mean? There are many applications, but none as direct as "the area under the curve'' that we used in understanding the integral of a real-valued function.
 A key understanding for us comes from considering the integral of a derivative: \[\int_a^b \vecs r ^\prime(t) dt = \vecs r(t)\Big|_a^b = \vecs r(b)-\vecs r(a).\]
 Integrating a rate of change function gives displacement.
 Noting that vector-valued functions are closely related to parametric equations, we can describe the arc length of the graph of a vector-valued function as an integral. Given parametric equations \(x=f(t)\), \(y=g(t)\), the arc length on \([a,b]\) of the graph is
 \[\text{Arc Length} = \int_a^b\sqrt{f^\prime (t)^2+g^\prime (t)^2} dt,\]
 as stated in Theorem 82 in Section 9.3. If \(\vecs r (t) = \langle f(t), g(t)\rangle\), note that \(\sqrt{f^\prime (t)^2+g^\prime (t)^2} = \norm{\vecs r ^\prime(t)}\). Therefore we can express the arc length of the graph of a vector-valued function as an integral of the magnitude of its derivative.
 THEOREM 95: Arc Length of a Vector-Valued Function
 Let \(\vecs r (t)\) be a vector-valued function where \(\vecs r ^\prime(t)\) is continuous on \([a,b]\). The arc length \(L\) of the graph of \(\vecs r (t)\) is \[L = \int_a^b \norm{\vecs r ^\prime(t)}\ dt.\]
 Note that we are actually integrating a scalar-function here, not a vector-valued function.
 The next section takes what we have established thus far and applies it to objects in motion. We will let \(\vecs r (t)\) describe the path of an object in the plane or in space and will discover the information provided by \(\vecs r ^\prime(t)\) and \(\vecs r ^{\prime\prime}(t)\).


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Solr has support for writing and reading its index and transaction log files to the HDFS distributed filesystem. This does not use Hadoop Map-Reduce to process Solr data, rather it only uses the HDFS filesystem for index and transaction log file storage.
To use HDFS rather than a local filesystem, you must be using Hadoop 2.x and you will need to instruct Solr to use the HdfsDirectoryFactory. There are also several additional parameters to define. These can be set in one of three ways:
 - Pass JVM arguments to the bin/solr script. These would need to be passed every time you start Solr with bin/solr.
 - Modify solr.in.sh (or solr.in.cmd on Windows) to pass the JVM arguments automatically when using bin/solr without having to set them manually.
 - Define the properties in solrconfig.xml. These configuration changes would need to be repeated for every collection, so is a good option if you only want some of your collections stored in HDFS.
Starting Solr on HDFS
Standalone Solr Instances
For standalone Solr instances, there are a few parameters you should be sure to modify before starting Solr. These can be set in solrconfig.xml(more on that below), or passed to the bin/solr script at startup.
 - You need to use an HdfsDirectoryFactory and a data dir of the form hdfs://host:port/path
 - You need to specify an UpdateLog location of the form hdfs://host:port/path
 - You should specify a lock factory type of 'hdfs' or none.
If you do not modify solrconfig.xml, you can instead start Solr on HDFS with the following command:
This example will start Solr in standalone mode, using the defined JVM properties (explained in more detail below).
SolrCloud Instances
In SolrCloud mode, it's best to leave the data and update log directories as the defaults Solr comes with and simply specify the solr.hdfs.home. All dynamically created collections will create the appropriate directories automatically under the solr.hdfs.home root directory.
 - Set solr.hdfs.home in the form hdfs://host:port/path
 - You should specify a lock factory type of 'hdfs' or none.
This command starts Solr in SolrCloud mode, using the defined JVM properties.
Modifying solr.in.sh (*nix) or solr.in.cmd (Windows)
The examples above assume you will pass JVM arguments as part of the start command every time you use bin/solr to start Solr. However, bin/solr looks for an include file named solr.in.sh (solr.in.cmd on Windows) to set environment variables. By default, this file is found in the bin directory, and you can modify it to permanently add the HdfsDirectoryFactory settings and ensure they are used every time Solr is started.
For example, to set JVM arguments to always use HDFS when running in SolrCloud mode (as shown above), you would add a section such as this:
The Block Cache
For performance, the HdfsDirectoryFactory uses a Directory that will cache HDFS blocks. This caching mechanism is meant to replace the standard file system cache that Solr utilizes so much. By default, this cache is allocated off heap. This cache will often need to be quite large and you may need to raise the off heap memory limit for the specific JVM you are running Solr in. For the Oracle/OpenJDK JVMs, the follow is an example command line parameter that you can use to raise the limit when starting Solr:
HdfsDirectoryFactory Parameters
The HdfsDirectoryFactory has a number of settings that are defined as part of the directoryFactory configuration.
Solr HDFS Settings
Parameter
Example Value
Default
Description
solr.hdfs.home
hdfs://host:port/path/solr
N/A
A root location in HDFS for Solr to write collection data to. Rather than specifying an HDFS location for the data directory or update log directory, use this to specify one root location and have everything automatically created within this HDFS location.
Block Cache Settings
Parameter
Default
Description
solr.hdfs.blockcache.enabled
true
Enable the blockcache
solr.hdfs.blockcache.read.enabled
true
Enable the read cache
solr.hdfs.blockcache.write.enabled
true
Enable the write cache
solr.hdfs.blockcache.direct.memory.allocation
true
Enable direct memory allocation. If this is false, heap is used
solr.hdfs.blockcache.slab.count
1
Number of memory slabs to allocate. Each slab is 128 MB in size.
solr.hdfs.blockcache.global
false
Enable/Disable using one global cache for all SolrCores. The settings used will be from the first HdfsDirectoryFactory created.
NRTCachingDirectory Settings
Parameter
Default
Description
solr.hdfs.nrtcachingdirectory.enable
true
Enable the use of NRTCachingDirectory
solr.hdfs.nrtcachingdirectory.maxmergesizemb
16
NRTCachingDirectory max segment size for merges
solr.hdfs.nrtcachingdirectory.maxcachedmb
192
NRTCachingDirectory max cache size
HDFS Client Configuration Settings
solr.hdfs.confdir pass the location of HDFS client configuration files - needed for HDFS HA for example.
Parameter
Default
Description
solr.hdfs.confdir
N/A
Pass the location of HDFS client configuration files - needed for HDFS HA for example.
Kerberos Authentication Settings
Hadoop can be configured to use the Kerberos protocol to verify user identity when trying to access core services like HDFS. If your HDFS directories are protected using Kerberos, then you need to configure Solr's HdfsDirectoryFactory to authenticate using Kerberos in order to read and write to HDFS. To enable Kerberos authentication from Solr, you need to set the following parameters:
Parameter
Default
Description
solr.hdfs.security.kerberos.enabled
false
Set to true to enable Kerberos authentication
solr.hdfs.security.kerberos.keytabfileN/A
A keytab file contains pairs of Kerberos principals and encrypted keys which allows for password-less authentication when Solr attempts to authenticate with secure Hadoop.
This file will need to be present on all Solr servers at the same path provided in this parameter.
solr.hdfs.security.kerberos.principalN/A
The Kerberos principal that Solr should use to authenticate to secure Hadoop; the format of a typical Kerberos V5 principal is: primary/instance@realm
Example
Here is a sample solrconfig.xml configuration for storing Solr indexes on HDFS:
If using Kerberos, you will need to add the three Kerberos related properties to the <directoryFactory> element in solrconfig.xml, such as:
Limitations
You must use an 'append-only' Lucene index codec because HDFS is an append-only filesystem. The currently default codec used by Solr is 'append-only' and is supported with HDFS.
Automatically Add Replicas in SolrCloud
One benefit to running Solr in HDFS is the ability to automatically add new replicas when the Overseer notices that a shard has gone down. Because the "gone" index shards are stored in HDFS, the a new core will be created and the new core will point to the existing indexes in HDFS.
Collections created using autoAddReplicas=true on a shared file system have automatic addition of replicas enabled. The following settings can be used to override the defaults in the <solrcloud> section of solr.xml.
Param
Default
Description
autoReplicaFailoverWorkLoopDelay10000The time (in ms) between clusterstate inspections by the Overseer to detect and possibly act on creation of a replacement replica.
autoReplicaFailoverWaitAfterExpiration30000The minimum time (in ms) to wait for initiating replacement of a replica after first noticing it not being live. This is important to prevent false positives while stoping or starting the cluster.
autoReplicaFailoverBadNodeExpiration60000The delay (in ms) after which a replica marked as down would be unmarked.
Temporarily disable autoAddReplicas for the entire cluster
When doing offline maintenance on the cluster and for various other use cases where an admin would like to temporarily disable auto addition of


text:
We are excited to announce that we just released a course on C++ Real-Time Audio Programming with Bela. This is aimed at beginner to intermediate C++ users, so if you have so far been using Bela with other languages and you are interested in tipping you toes in C++, this is a great occasion. If you know your C++ stuff, you may still want to check out some of the more advanced topics (ARM/NEON assembly, state machines, fixed-point maths, timing, block-based processing).
During the course you will learn:
- Writing real-time audio code in C++
- Running that code on embedded hardware
- Creating musical instruments, audio effects and synth modules
- Turning digital signal processing theory into working code
New lessons will be coming out twice a week for a few months, covering programming topics such as:
Working in real time, Buffers and arrays, Parameter control, Classes and objects, Analog and digital I/O, Filtering, Circular buffers, Timing in real time, State machines, MIDI, Block-based processing, Threads, Fixed point arithmetic, ARM assembly language
all of this while building audio signal processors that implement:
Oscillators, Samples, Wavetables, Filters, Control voltages, Gates and triggers, Delays and delay-based effects, Metronomes and clocks, Envelopes, ADSR, MIDI, Additive synthesis, Phase vocoders, Impulse reverb
Subscribe to our youtube channel so that you don't miss any of the upcoming classes, and feel free to share this with your friends on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram.
Af a "getting started" lesson 0 last week, the course has fully started today with lesson 1, and the next class will be out this Friday at 5pm.
Note: you will need up-to-date Bela code to follow along with the course, as the example code relies on some of the latest features we added (namely the slider Gui via the GuiController library). Updating your board is covered in lesson 0.
As you'd expect, you can find support here on the forum, using the "Online C++ course" tag.


Why Aren't As Bad As You Think
April 9, 2020
Technology
Comments Off on Why Aren't As Bad As You Think
Benefits of PRP Therapy
If you are experiencing chronic pain or have wounds that don't heal, PRP therapy can offer a solution through the use of blood drawn from your own body. These platelets aid in clotting if bleeding occurs as well as stimulating the formation of new tissues plus PRP therapy can be combine with other treatment methods. If you are thinking that PRP therapy is only limited in improving healing and speeding up recovery, you could not be more wrong because this treatment method brings an array of benefits. Below are a few of the many benefits of PRP therapy.
The body is capable of healing itself in case of an injury, which is the same technique used in PRP therapy; there are no foreign chemicals or agents used in PRP therapy except for concentrated amounts of platelets taken from your body and introduced in the affected areas. If you are worried about post-treatment procedures like those experienced by patients who undergo surgery, you will be glad to know that there is nothing like that involved in PRP treatment, in fact you can complete the treatment and walk straight to your office without feeling any pain or discomfort.
One of the major benefits of PRP treatment is its suitability to all skin types; different people have different skin types and react to different things uniquely, but you don't have to worry about finding a suitable treatment method other than PRP treatment. As you age, the amount of collagen produced in your body will become less which is what makes skin look brittle and subject to wrinkling, however, the new skin formed after PRP therapy contains more collagen, giving you a young, radiant and youthful looking skin.
No risk of contamination or transfer of communicable diseases; most treatment methods really on the use of blood from a different person to treat a patient which can result in contamination but PRP therapy uses blood from your body. PRP therapy is a quick treatment method that should not take more than a few minutes but that single treatment session is capable of serving you for a long time, which gets even longer if you go for multiple treatment. If you choose PRP therapy, you will leave the same way you came because you can only expect minimal scarring with this treatment method.
PRP therapy is great for unresponsive injuries; if you are experiencing chronic pain and muscle stiffness that hinder from engaging in certain activities, they can be corrected through PRP therapy. You will experience less blood loss after PRP therapy because it increases the number of platelets at the injection site. If you have never thought about PRP therapy or you are skeptical about it, these are some of the reasons to try it.
The Path To Finding Better
Smart Ideas: Revisited


text:
German Shepherds are beloved and popular dogs known for their intelligence, loyalty, and versatility. As responsible pet owners, it's natural to wonder about their lifespan and how long we can enjoy their companionship. In this article, I will explore the average lifespan of German Shepherds and the factors that can influence their longevity. Additionally, I will provide valuable tips on promoting their health and well-being to ensure they live happy and fulfilling lives.
- German Shepherds have an average lifespan of 9-13 years.
- Factors such as genetics, nutrition, exercise, veterinary care, and breed-specific health conditions can influence their lifespan.
- A balanced diet, regular exercise, dental care, veterinary check-ups, and considering neutering/spaying can contribute to a longer and healthier life for German Shepherds.
- Being proactive and attentive to their needs is crucial for ensuring their well-being and longevity.
- German Shepherds bring joy and companionship, and it's important to cherish the time we have with them.
Factors That Affect Lifespan
Several factors can influence the lifespan of German Shepherds. Genetics play a significant role, as dogs bred with care and consideration for health are more likely to have longer lifespans. It is important to select reputable breeders who prioritize the overall health and well-being of their dogs. Nutrition is another vital factor, as a balanced diet with high-quality protein and essential nutrients promotes overall health and longevity. Providing a diet tailored to meet the specific nutritional needs of German Shepherds is crucial.
Regular exercise is essential for maintaining a German Shepherd's physical fitness and mental well-being. Engaging in daily activities such as walks, runs, or interactive play helps them burn off excess energy and prevent behavioral problems. Veterinary care also plays a significant role in a German Shepherd's lifespan. Regular check-ups and preventive measures such as vaccinations and parasite control can detect and manage potential health issues before they become serious.
Environmental factors also contribute to a German Shepherd's lifespan. Providing a safe and stimulating living environment helps prevent accidents and reduces stress, which can have long-term effects on their overall health. Ensuring they have access to clean water, a comfortable resting area, and appropriate shelter from extreme weather conditions is essential. Additionally, providing mental stimulation through interactive toys and training exercises helps keep their minds sharp and prevents boredom.
|Factors That Affect Lifespan
|Dogs bred with care and consideration for health are more likely to have longer lifespans.
|A balanced diet with high-quality protein and essential nutrients promotes overall health and longevity.
|Regular physical activity helps maintain physical fitness and mental well-being.
|Regular check-ups and preventive measures can detect and manage potential health issues.
|A safe and stimulating living environment contributes to a German Shepherd's lifespan.
By understanding and addressing these factors, owners can help ensure that their German Shepherds live long, healthy lives.
By implementing these German Shepherd health tips and promoting a holistic approach to care, you can give your beloved companion the best chance at a long and healthy life.
Role of Nutrition and Diet
Proper nutrition is essential for ensuring the health and longevity of German Shepherds. A well-balanced diet is crucial to provide them with the necessary nutrients they need to thrive. Feeding a healthy diet that includes high-quality protein, vitamins, and minerals contributes to their overall well-being.
It is important to choose a dog food that is specifically formulated for German Shepherds to meet their unique nutritional requirements. Look for products that contain real meat as the main ingredient and avoid those with fillers or artificial additives. Providing a healthy and nutritious diet helps support their immune system, promotes healthy growth, and maintains their energy levels.
When feeding a German Shepherd, it is crucial to follow proper portion control to prevent overfeeding and maintain a healthy weight. Obesity can lead to various health problems, including joint issues and reduced lifespan. Consulting with a veterinarian or a professional dog nutritionist can provide guidance on the appropriate feeding amounts based on your dog's age, weight, and activity level.
|Nutrition Tips for German Shepherds
|Choose high-quality dog food specifically formulated for German Shepherds
|Avoid artificial additives and fillers
|Feed appropriate portion sizes to maintain a healthy weight
|Consider incorporating fresh fruits and vegetables as healthy treats
|Ensure access to fresh water at all times
In addition to providing a nutritious diet, it is important to monitor your German Shepherd's body condition and make adjustments to their diet as needed. Regular veterinary check-ups can help ensure that their nutritional needs are being met and address any health concerns that may arise.
Importance of Exercise and Physical Activity
Regular exercise and physical activity are crucial for the health and well-being of German Shepherds. These intelligent and active dogs require daily exercise to maintain optimum health and prevent behavioral issues. Incorporating physical activity into their routine helps burn excess energy, maintain a healthy weight, and strengthen their muscles.
Exercise also provides mental stimulation and prevents boredom, which can lead to destructive behaviors in German Shepherds. Engaging in activities such as walking, running, playing fetch, or participating in dog sports not only keeps them physically fit but also satisfies their need for mental stimulation and social interaction.
It is important to tailor the exercise routine to the individual dog's age, health condition, and energy level. Puppies, for example, have different exercise needs compared to adult dogs. Consulting with a veterinarian or a professional dog trainer can help determine the appropriate amount and type of exercise for your German Shepherd.
Dental Hygiene for German Shepherds
Regular Tooth Brushing: Establishing a daily tooth brushing routine is crucial for preventing periodontal disease and maintaining healthy gums. Use a dog-friendly toothbrush and toothpaste to gently brush your German Shepherd's teeth, paying special attention to the gum line.
Nutrition and Dental Health: Feeding your German Shepherd a balanced diet that includes dry kibble can contribute to their dental health. The texture of dry food helps remove plaque and tartar buildup, reducing the risk of gum disease and tooth decay.
Veterinary Dental Care: Regular dental check-ups and cleanings by a veterinarian are important to detect and address any dental issues early on. Your veterinarian may recommend professional dental cleanings to remove stubborn plaque and tartar and ensure your German Shepherd's teeth and gums are in optimal condition.
Preventing Periodontal Disease in German Shepherds
Periodontal disease is a common dental condition in German Shepherds and can lead to serious health problems if left untreated. To prevent periodontal disease:
- Establish a regular dental care routine, including daily tooth brushing.
- Provide chew toys or dental treats specifically designed to promote dental health.
- Feed a balanced diet that includes dry food to help remove plaque.
- Schedule regular dental check-ups and cleanings with your veterinarian.
By prioritizing dental care and following these preventive measures, you can help your German Shepherd maintain healthy teeth and gums, contributing to their overall health and well-being.
|Dental Care Tips for German Shepherds
|Regular tooth brushing
|Prevents plaque and tartar buildup, reduces risk of gum disease
|Feeding dry food
|Helps remove plaque, strengthens teeth and gums
|Regular veterinary dental care
|Detects and addresses dental issues, maintains optimal oral health
|Preventing periodontal disease
|Reduces risk of serious health problems, promotes overall well-being
By implementing these dental care tips and maintaining regular veterinary check-ups, you can ensure that your German Shepherd has a healthy and happy smile for years to come.
Importance of Veterinary Care
I cannot stress enough the importance of regular veterinary care for German Shepherds. Just like humans, our furry friends require proper medical attention to ensure their overall health and well-being. Regular vet check-ups and preventive care are essential for maintaining their longevity and identifying any potential health issues early on.
During routine check-ups, veterinarians can assess your German Shepherd's overall health, perform necessary vaccinations, and conduct screenings for common breed-specific health conditions. These screenings can help detect any underlying issues that may not be immediately apparent, allowing for early intervention and treatment.
Preventive care, such as flea and tick prevention, heartworm medication, and routine dental cleanings, can significantly contribute to your German Shepherd's long-term health. These measures help prevent and manage common health problems, ensuring your furry companion can enjoy a happy and healthy life for years to come.
Regular Vet Check-ups for German Shepherds
Regular vet check-ups are crucial for monitoring your German Shepherd's health, especially as they age. Your veterinarian can conduct thorough physical examinations, review their medical history, and discuss any changes in behavior or symptoms you may have noticed.
During these check-ups, your veterinarian may recommend additional tests or screenings based on your German Shepherd's specific needs. This could include blood work, X-rays, or other diagnostic procedures to gain a comprehensive understanding of their health.
By maintaining a consistent schedule of regular check-ups, you can establish a strong partnership with your veterinarian and ensure that your German Shepherd receives the best possible care throughout their life.
Benefits of Neutering/Spaying
Neutering or spaying dogs, including German Shepherds, can have significant benefits for their overall health and lifespan. Neutering refers to the surgical removal of the testicles in male dogs, while spaying involves the removal of the uterus and ovaries in female dogs. Let's explore the importance of neutering/spaying and the advantages it brings for your beloved German Shepherd.
Lifespan Benefits of Spaying/Neutering
Studies have shown that neutering male dogs can increase their life expectancy by 13.8%, while spaying female dogs can increase it by 26.3%. Neutered and spayed dogs are less likely to engage in risky behaviors such as roaming, aggression, and sexual frustration. This reduces their chances