I just released the Starter Class of "Learn Spring Security":
>> CHECK OUT THE COURSE
1. Overview
This article will show how to retrieve the user details in Spring Security.
The current authenticated user is available thorough a number of different mechanisms in Spring – let's cover the most common solution – programmatic access, first.
2. Get the User in a Bean
The simplest way to retrieve the currently authenticated principal is via a static call to the SecurityContextHolder:
Authentication authentication = SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication();
String currentPrincipalName = authentication.getName();
An improvement to this snippet is first checking if there is an authenticate user before trying to access it:
Authentication authentication = SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication();
if (!(authentication instanceof AnonymousAuthenticationToken)) {
 String currentUserName = authentication.getName();
 return currentUserName;
}
There are of course downsides to having a static call like this – decreased testability of the code being one of the more obvious. Instead, we will explore alternative solutions for this very common requirement.
3. Get the User in a Controller
In a @Controller annotated bean, there are additional options – the principal can be defined directly as a method argument and it will be correctly resolved by the framework:
import java.security.Principal;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
@Controller
public class SecurityController {
 @RequestMapping(value = "/username", method = RequestMethod.GET)
 @ResponseBody
 public String currentUserName(Principal principal) {
 return principal.getName();
 }
}
Alternatively, the authentication token can also be used:
import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
@Controller
public class SecurityController {
 @RequestMapping(value = "/username", method = RequestMethod.GET)
 @ResponseBody
 public String currentUserName(Authentication authentication) {
 return authentication.getName();
 }
}
The API of the Authentication class is very open so that the framework remains as flexible as possible. Because of this, the Spring Security principal can only be retrieved as an Object and needs to be casted to the correct UserDetails instance:
UserDetails userDetails = (UserDetails) authentication.getPrincipal();
System.out.println("User has authorities: " + userDetails.getAuthorities());
And finally, directly from the HTTP request:
import java.security.Principal;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
@Controller
public class SecurityController {
 @RequestMapping(value = "/username", method = RequestMethod.GET)
 @ResponseBody
 public String currentUserNameSimple(HttpServletRequest request) {
 Principal principal = request.getUserPrincipal();
 return principal.getName();
 }
}
4. Get the User via a Custom Interface
To fully leverage the Spring dependency injection and be able to retrieve the authentication everywhere, not just in @Controller beans, we need to hide the static access behind a simple facade:
public interface IAuthenticationFacade {
 Authentication getAuthentication();
}
@Component
public class AuthenticationFacade implements IAuthenticationFacade {
 @Override
 public Authentication getAuthentication() {
 return SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication();
 }
}
The facade exposes the Authentication object while hiding the static state and keeping the code decoupled and fully testable:
@Controller
public class SecurityController {
 @Autowired
 private IAuthenticationFacade authenticationFacade;
 @RequestMapping(value = "/username", method = RequestMethod.GET)
 @ResponseBody
 public String currentUserNameSimple() {
 Authentication authentication = authenticationFacade.getAuthentication();
 return authentication.getName();
 }
}
5. Get the User in JSP
The currently authenticated principal can also be access in JSP pages, by leveraging the spring security taglib support. First, we need to define the tag in the page:
<%@ taglib prefix="security" uri="_URL_ %>
Next, we can refer to the principal:
<security:authorize access="isAuthenticated()">
 authenticated as <security:authentication property="principal.username" />
</security:authorize>
6. Conclusion
This article showed how to get the user information in a Spring application, starting with the common static access mechanism, followed with several better ways to inject the principal.
The implementation of these examples can be found in the github project – this is an Eclipse based project, so it should be easy to import and run as it is. When the project runs locally, the homepage html can be accessed at:
http://localhost:8080/spring-security-rest-custom/foos/1
Get the early-bird price (20% Off) of my upcoming "Learn Spring Security" Course:
>> CHECK OUT THE COURSE
 - Jayakumar Jayaraman
 Hi Baeldung
 Thanks for the article.
 Can you please clarify the reverse of this…. i.e where to set the Authentication object after successfull login ?
 I have created a custom AuthenticationProvider. Should I add the authentication object in this class after successful login , as below ?
 SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(usernamePasswordAuthenticationToken);
 Thanks
 Jay
 - Glad you enjoyed the article.
 There is actually no direct reverse of this – Spring Security handles the process of storing the Authentication object, so in most cases, you won't need to do that yourself. You can check out my article about implementing security for a REST service and also the Spring Security reference to better understand how to do this.
 Cheers,
 Eugen.
 - Jayakumar Jayaraman
 Sure thanks
 - Raj
 Hi,
 I am using Spring security active directory login. The Spring security by default is rendering a login page for me. Can you please give me some idea about how to log the user details in spring-security.xml
 - Hey Raj – you can create a listener for AuthenticationSuccessEvent where you have full access to the Authentication object. You can log it there. Cheers,
 Eugen.
 - Hi,
 Thanks for the article, I just want to say that I liked a lot your idea of usign a Facade and it helps me a lot because I was look a way to wrap spring classes for testing.
 - Glad you found the concept useful Josue – I think it's a quick but powerful abstraction – not to be over used, but definitely makes sense if a few key places. Cheers,
 Eugen.
 - Kurniawan
 hi,
 very good article, I am interested in trying how to get the user id of the user who logged in to perform queries on the other table.
 Thanks,
 - The internal user id doesn't necessarily make it into your logged in principal, unless you specifically put it there. Simply put – when you implement your custom UserDetailsService (in case of course that's what you're using) – you'll need to have a custom UserDetails implementation to represent your principal, and simply add the internal id of your user in there. Then, you can always have access to it at runtime.
 Hope that helps. Cheers,
 Eugen.
 - Hareesh Joshi
 Hi Eugen,
 Nice article. Can you please explain how to get an object of the type other than User from Authentication – stored as Principal? An example would be better.
 - Hey Hareesh – that's an interesting question. The answer is that – the class that you're able to get when you do getAuthentication().getPrincipal() depends on what class your Spring Security implementation is actually using as a Principal. So – you won't be able to just retrieve or cast that to any implementation you need. You'll have to – in your user details service implementation for instance – return the principal implementation you want. Then, on the other end – yes, you'll be able to cast that to what you need.
 Hope that helps. Cheers,
 Eugen.
 - Jmp Jmp
 Great Info…
 - Michael Tabak
 In Craig Walls book "Spring Boot In Action", he defines


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Is Graphite a Good Conductor of Electricity?
Is graphite a good conductor of electricity
Baffled in thinking if graphite is a good conductor of electricity or not? Before we focus on our primary topic, let us first grab the central knowledge behind conductors and conductivity.
Every material present on Earth has its own characteristics, so do the smallest particles atoms. If we see our surroundings, everything sequentially starts from the combination of millions of trillions of atoms. An atom consists of protons, neutrons, and electrons. These electrons have the distinctive property of being electric charges and can conduct electricity. Now, what do you understand by conductivity? In simple words, the phenomenon of passing electricity through any material is its conductivity. Science has classified everything present around the globe as conductors, superconductors, and insulators.
Brief Contrast Between Conductors & Insulators
All those materials that can easily allow electricity or heat to travel through them are conductors. A good conductor can be either a metal or a non-metal. Whereas on the other side, insulators can be any substance that restricts electricity from crossing them.
Know About Electrical Conductors
If you have assimilated the above concept, it'd be easy for you to understand electrical conductors. All those materials that can easily engage electricity in them are electric conductors. Moreover, in such substances, the valence electrons are loosely associated with the nucleus, making them good conductors. There is an entire range of electrical conductivity in different elements, having different strengths. A few examples of electrical conductors are as follow:
· Aluminum
· Copper
· Silver
· Graphite
· Water
· Platinum
· Iron
· Seawater
All these materials are least resistant towards charges and easily get attracted, which shows them as good electrical conductors.
What is the Nature of Graphite – A Good Electrical Conductor?
Graphite is another name of carbon with a crystalline structure. It is a non-metal layered substance that is known as a suitable electrical conductor. Most non-metals are not so best in conductivity, but what allows this compound to show conductivity is its structure and nature. The hexagonal shape of graphite promotes it to pass electricity through it. We'll discuss the phenomenon later in the topic below!
Reason Behind Graphite Being a Good Conductor of Electricity
The central idea behind this substance showing good electrical conductivity is its structure. We should first clear the confusion that graphite is all composed of carbon atoms. We also know that every carbon atom forms four bonds with other elements for its stability. In graphite, each carbon atom is directly engaged with only three other atoms, and the rest is set to spare. The free-floating electrons in graphite enhance their conductivity and allow electrical charges to travel through them.
What Are the Characteristics of a Good Electrical Conductor?
Now that we know why graphite is a good conductor, so let's have a look at the general properties of electrical conductors.
1. Electrons in good conductors can easily flow because of the zero electric fields.
2. A conductor will always exhibit its conductivity by passing charged ions or electrons through it.
3. It doesn't matter if it's metal or non-metal, but free electrons or ions can only float on the surface of a good conductor.
4. A conductor presents zero charge density.
5. Every conductor appears with its unique characteristics in equilibrium, at equal potential.
Conclude a Statement About Graphite
We mostly have encountered metals as good electrical conductors. But after reading this article, we hope to clear the conflicts regarding graphite and the concept behind why it is a good electrical conductor. Because of the unique conductivity, graphite is widely used as electrodes in different industrial matters.
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software.
* On a period set by 'indexed_csv_keep_alive_timeout', Splunk software checks
 the CSV lookup table to see if it has been updated. If it has been updated,
 Splunk software modifies a special token file.
* At the end of the 'indexed_csv_ttl' period Splunk software looks at the token
 file. If the token file shows that its CSV lookup table has been updated,
 Splunk software does not delete that CSV lookup table.
* Default: 300
indexed_csv_keep_alive_timeout = <positive integer>
* Sets the period, in seconds, for an activity check that Splunk software
 performs on indexed CSV lookup tables.
* When Splunk software performs a CSV lookup table check and finds that the
 table has been updated, it marks this activity on a token file. The token
 file update prevents the CSV lookup table from being deleted after
 'indexed_csv_ttl' seconds of inactivity have passed.
* Default: 30
indexed_csv_inprogress_max_timeout = <positive integer>
* Sets the maximum time, in seconds, for Splunk software to wait for ongoing
 indexing of a CSV lookup table to finish before failing any search that is
 awaiting the lookup table.
* Default: 300
max_reverse_matches = <integer>
* maximum reverse lookup matches (for search expansion)
* Default: 50
shared_provider_cache_size = <integer>
* Sets the cache size in bytes that the Splunk software uses when it shares CSV lookups
 across multiple lookup commands.
* The <integer> represents the size of the cache in bytes. This is incremented by the
 size of each in-memory file (in bytes) inserted into the shared cache.
* Set this to 0 to disable lookup sharing, defaults to 200MB (209715200 bytes).
* Do not change this value unless you are advised to do so by Splunk Support or
 a similar authority.
* Default: 209715200
input_errors_fatal = <boolean>
* This setting determines whether certain inputlookup or inputcsv command
 errors cause searches to fail or return a warning message.
* When set to true, this setting causes inputlookup and inputcsv errors to make
 an entire search fail. This happens even when the errors take place in a
 subsearch.
* When set to false, this setting returns a warning message for many
 inputlookup and inputcsv error conditions.
* Certain kinds of errors cause searches to fail no matter how this setting is
 set.
* Default: false
[metadata]
bucket_localize_max_lookahead = <integer>
* This setting is only relevant when using remote storage.
* Specifies the maximum number of buckets the metadata command localizes
 for look-ahead purposes, in addition to the required bucket.
* Increasing this value can improve performance, at the cost of additional
 network/io/disk utilization.
* Valid values are 0-64. Any value larger than 64 will be set to 64. Other
 invalid values will be discarded and the default will be substituted.
* Default: 10
maxcount = <integer>
* The total number of metadata search results returned by the search head;
 after the 'maxcount' is reached, any additional metadata results received from
 the search peers will be ignored (not returned).
* A larger number incurs additional memory usage on the search head.
* Default: 100000
maxresultrows = <integer>
* The maximum number of results in a single chunk fetched by the metadata
 command
* A smaller value will require less memory on the search head in setups with
 large number of peers and many metadata results, though, setting this too
 small will decrease the search performance.
* NOTE: Do not change this setting unless instructed to do so by Splunk Support.
* Default: 10000
[metric_alerts]
* This stanza provides global settings for metric alerts.
condition_evaluation_interval = <integer>
* This setting provides the alert condition evaluation interval in minutes.
* Must be a number from 1 to 60.
* Default: 1
search_delay = <time specifier>
* This setting provides a random delay time in seconds for metric alert
 searches. It can be passed to the 'allow_skew' setting for the search.
* The search delay allows the search to wait for the latest indexed data.
* Only change this setting if you are experiencing significant data latency
 issues.
* Default: 15s+
search_ttl = <positive integer>p
* Specifies the default life span of metric alert search jobs.
* The time to live is defined as "at least until the Nth periodic run of the
 search, where the period is defined by the 'condition_evaluation_interval'
 setting".
* Default: 2p
honor_action = <boolean>
* Specifies whether the Splunk software should change the 'search_ttl' to the
 action ttl when an action is triggered.
* If there are multiple actions, the largest action ttl wins.
* Default: false
[msearch]
chunk_size = <unsigned integer>
* Specifies the default value of the 'chunk_size' argument for the 'msearch'
 command.
* When you run an 'msearch' search, the search head returns batches of metric
 time series until the search result set is complete.
* This argument sets a limit for the number of metric time series that the
 search head can gather in a single batch from a single MSIDX file. For
 example, when 'chunk_size=100', the search head can return 100 metric time
 series worth of metric data points in batches until the search is complete.
* Lower this value when 'msearch' searches use too much memory, or when they
 infrequently return events.
* Larger 'chunk_size' values can improve search performance, with the tradeoff
 of using more memory per search.
* Smaller 'chunk_size' values can reduce search performance, with the tradeoff
 of using less memory per search.
* This setting cannot be set lower than 10.
* Default: 1000
[mvexpand]
* This stanza allows for fine tuning of mvexpand search command.
max_mem_usage_mb = <non-negative integer>
* Overrides the default value for "max_mem_usage_mb".
* Limits the amount of RAM, in megabytes (MB), a batch of events or results will
 use in the memory of a search process.
* See definition in the [default] stanza for "max_mem_usage_mb"
 for more details.
* Default: 500
[mvcombine]
* This stanza allows for fine tuning of mvcombine search command.
max_mem_usage_mb = <non-negative integer>
* Overrides the default value for "max_mem_usage_mb"
* Limits the amount of RAM, in megabytes (MB), a batch of events or results
 use in the memory of a search process.
* See definition in the [default] stanza for "max_mem_usage_mb"
 for more details.
* Default: 500
[outputlookup]
outputlookup_check_permission = <boolean>
* Specifies whether the outputlookup command should verify that users
 have write permissions to CSV lookup table files.
* outputlookup_check_permission is used in conjunction with the
 transforms.conf setting check_permission.
* The system only applies outputlookup_check_permission to .csv lookup
 configurations in transforms.conf that have check_permission=true.
* You can set lookup table file permissions in the .meta file for each lookup
 file, or through the Lookup Table Files page in Settings. By default, only
 users who have the admin or power role can write to a shared CSV lookup
 file.
* Default: false
[rare]
maxresultrows = <integer>
* Maximum number of result rows to create.
* If not specified, defaults to the value set for 'maxresultrows' in the
 [searchresults] stanza, which is 50000 by default.
* Default: 50000
maxvalues = <integer>
* Maximum number of distinct field vector values to keep track of.
* Default: 100000
maxvaluesize = <integer>
* Maximum length of a single value to consider.
* Default: 1000
[set]
maxresultrows = <integer>
* The maximum number of results the set command will use from each result
 set to compute the required set operation.
* Default: 50000
[sort]
maxfiles = <integer>
* Maximum files to open at once. Multiple passes are made if the number of
 result chunks exceeds this threshold.
* Default: 64.
[spath]
extract_all = <boolean>
* Controls whether to respect automatic field extraction when spath is
 invoked manually.
* If set to "true", all fields are extracted regardless of settings.
* If set to "false", only fields used by later search commands are extracted.
* Default: true
extraction_cutoff = <integer>
* For 'extract-all' spath extraction mode, this setting applies extraction only
 to the first <integer> number of bytes. This setting applies both the auto kv
 extraction and the spath command, when explicitly extracting fields.
* Default: 5000
[stats|sistats


intervals from the corresponding one-dimensional Lagrange shape functions. To do this, take the tensor product of one-dimensional shape functions in both the x and y coordinates.
Use one-dimensional shape functions to generate the Lagrange interpolation functions for the following four-node rectangular element. For an element with equally spaced nodes in two-dimensions, as shown in this example, you generate two-dimensional interpolation functions. In this example, the nodal points of the element are located at {1, 1}, {1, -1}, {-1, -1}, and {-1, 1}.
In[20]:=ElementPlot[{{{1,1},{1,-1},{-1,-1},{-1,1}}},
 AspectRatio->1,
 Axes->True,
 PlotRange->{{-2,2},{-2,2}}];
As previously, calculate the interpolation function of a one-dimensional two-node element in x using the function HermiteElement1D. The nodes of this element are placed at x = 0 and x = L, thus the element length is 2L.
In[21]:=HermiteElement1D[{-L,L},0,x]
Out[21]=
Since the nodal points are equally spaced in both the x and y coordinates, the tensor product of the shape functions in x and y gives four shape functions for the rectangular element. The length of the element in the x-direction is , and the length of the other element is . Using the function HermiteElement, you first generate the linear Lagrange elements. Then, by taking the tensor product of the two sets of shape functions, you can compute the shape functions for the four-node rectangular element.
In[22]:=sfun=Transpose[HermiteElement1D[{-L1,L1},0,x]].HermiteElement1D[{-L2,L2},0,y]
Out[22]=
You can easily verify that these are the desired interpolation functions by evaluating sfun at the nodal points of the rectangular element, namely, (), (, ), (, ), and (, ). You can calculate the values of the interpolation functions sfun at x = and y = .
In[23]:=sfun/.{x->L1,y->L2}
Out[23]=
Similarly, the point x , y = satisfies the boundary conditions.
In[24]:=sfun/.{x->L1,y->-L2}
Out[24]=
The value of the interpolation function sfun at the point x = , y = is the following.
In[25]:=sfun/.{x->-L1,y->L2}
Out[25]=
The value of the interpolation function sfun at the point x = , y =- is the following.
In[26]:=sfun/.{x->-L1,y->-L2}
Out[26]=
You can easily generalize this method for elements with more nodal points. Now generate interpolation functions for a nine-node element.
In[27]:=ElementPlot[{{{0,1},{1,1},{1,0},{1,-1},{0,-1},{-1,-1},{-1,0},{-1,1}},{0,0}},
 AspectRatio->1,
 Axes->True,
 PlotRange->{{-2,2},{-2,2}},
 Frame->True,
 NodeColor->RGBColor[0,0,1]];
Similarly, here are the interpolation functions of the nine-node Lagrange element. The nodes in the x-direction are placed at x = , x = 0, and x = while the the nodes in the y-direction are at y = , y = 0, and y = .
In[28]:=Transpose[HermiteElement1D[{-L1,0,L1},0,x]].HermiteElement1D[{-L2,0,L2},0,y]
Out[28]=
However, the situation becomes more complicated when you consider the elements whose nodes are not equally spaced in a grid. For example, you cannot generate the shape functions for triangular elements or the rectangular elements with irregular node locations by using the above tensor product approach. Here are two examples in which the interpolation functions cannot be generated.
In[29]:=p1=ElementPlot[{{{1,-1},{-1,-1},{0,3/2}},{0,0}},
 AspectRatio->1,
 Axes->True,
 PlotRange->{{-2,2},{-2,2}},
 NodeColor->RGBColor[0,0,1],
 DisplayFunction->Identity];
In[30]:=p2=ElementPlot[{{{1,1},{1,-1},{-1,-1},{-1,1}},{0,0}},
 AspectRatio->1,
 Axes->True,
 PlotRange->{{-2,2},{-2,2}},
 NodeColor->RGBColor[0,0,1],
 DisplayFunction->Identity];
In[31]:=
5.3.2 Triangular Elements
Use the functions TriangularCompleteness, RectangularCompleteness, and ShapeFunction2D to generate interpolation functions for triangular and general rectangular elements.
First, consider the triangular element with four nodal points and obtain a set of Lagrange-type shape functions, namely c = 0. Do not specify the minimum number of symmetric terms to be dropped from the full polynomial.
In[32]:=com=TriangularCompleteness[4,0,0];
com//TableForm
Out[33]//TableForm=
You can produce Pascal's triangle using the function PascalTriangle. Viewing this diagram and considering the output com, you can easily identify what terms to use in the shape functions and what terms to exclude.
In[34]:=
Out[34]=
In[35]:=
Out[35]=
In[36]:=TableForm[PascalTriangle[6,{x,y}],TableAlignments->Center]
Out[36]//TableForm=
You compute the degrees of the terms in Pascal's triangle with the same function.
In[37]:=
Out[37]//MatrixForm=
This output tells you about the structure of the polynomial terms in the shape functions for this four-node triangular element. The term CompletePolynomialDegree->2 in the output list com implies that all the terms in the interpolation functions will consist of the terms of the second- and lower-degree polynomials.
In[38]:=1+(x+y)+(x+y)^2//Expand
Out[38]=
The second argument of the function TriangularCompleteness requires ContinuityOrderRightArrow0. CompleteSymmetricTermsRightArrow2 tells you that the complete polynomial has two symmetric terms. Similarly, CompleteAntisymmetricTermsRightArrow4 indicates that there are four asymmetic terms in the interpolation functions. SymmetricTermsRightArrow{{0, 0}, {1, 1}} will use both of the symmetric terms in the complete polynomial, namely the terms 1 and xy. SymmetricTermsDroppedRightArrow{ } informs you that no symmetric term will be dropped. AntisymmetricTermsRightArrow{{1, 0},{0, 1}} indicates that the only two asymmetric terms to be used are x and y. Finally, AntisymmetricTermsDroppedRightArrow {{2, 0}, {0, 2}}} means that the terms and will be excluded in the interpolation functions.
The data provided in com are also called the completeness information for an element. Using the completeness data and the function ShapeFunction2D, you can systematically generate interpolation functions in two-dimensional elements.
Sometimes, the function ShapeFunctions2D is not able to generate a set of interpolation functions because the set of equations for computing the interpolation functions are singular. In these cases, ShapeFunctions2D will return zeros, as in this example.
In[39]:=ShapeFunctions2D[com,{{1,-1},{-1,-1},{0,3/2},{0,0}},{x,y}]
Out[39]=
This output simply means that the terms defined in com are not suitable to represent a set of interpolation functions for the given nodal points


Janet M. LaRue
The Ku Klux Klan may start marketing a line of baby bigot wear if they fall for Newsweek's Sept. 14, cover story, "See Baby Discriminate."
Arguing with Idiots By Glenn Beck
According to the editors at the "we've fallen for him and we can't get up" Barack Obama fan magazine: "Kids as young as 6 months judge others based on skin color." Thanks to Newsweek, we now know why babies are comfortable in hoods-at least white ones-both babies and hoods, that is.
If you expected Newsweek to include a photo of a black baby with a white baby to illustrate its cover story, you probably waste too much money on lottery tickets.
A white baby's face adorns the cover even though the "research" cited by authors, Po Bronson and Ashley Merryman, in their new book, NutureShock, is based on one "test" of 100 white babies and 100 black babies by one researcher revealing the same response by both races:
How do researchers test a 6-month-old? They show babies photographs of faces. Katz found that babies will stare significantly longer at photographs of faces that are a different race from their parents, indicating they find the face out of the ordinary. Race itself has no ethnic meaning per se-but children's brains are noticing skin-color differences and trying to understand their meaning.
Newsweek editors apparently concluded from this "research" that 6-month old white babies are born racists. What else explains Newsweek's cover question: "Is Your Baby a Racist?" Can Newsweek explain why the cover doesn't include a photo of a black baby?
Bronson and Merryman ask, "What's a parent to do?" Not reading their book and Newsweek comes immediately to mind.
Bronson and Merryman cite another researcher, Birgitte Vittrup, who tested "about a hundred families, all of whom were Caucasian with a child 5 to 7 years old" in the Austin, Texas area: "The goal of Vittrup's study was to learn if typical children's videos with multicultural storylines have any beneficial effect on children's racial attitudes."
The authors don't mention if they asked the researcher why she didn't conduct the same research on black families. Nor do they address other possible explanations for children's responses that have nothing to do with racism.
Bronson and Merryman include a T-Shirt "test," which to them "seems to show how children will use whatever you give them to create divisions-seeming to confirm that race becomes an issue only if we make it an issue":
Vittrup's mentor at the University of Texas, Rebecca Bigler, ran an experiment in three preschool classrooms, where 4- and 5-year-olds were lined up and given T shirts. Half the kids were randomly given blue T shirts, half red. The children wore the shirts for three weeks. During that time, the teachers never mentioned their colors and never grouped the kids by shirt color.
The kids didn't segregate in their behavior. They played with each other freely at recess. But when asked which color team was better to belong to, or which team might win a race, they chose their own color. They believed they were smarter than the other color. "The Reds never showed hatred for Blues," Bigler observed. "It was more like, 'Blues are fine, but not as good as us.'" When Reds were asked how many Reds were nice, they'd answer, "All of us." Asked how many Blues were nice, they'd answer, "Some." Some of the Blues were mean, and some were dumb-but not the Reds.
Were the red shirts all worn by white children? Were the blue shirts all worn by black children? Were the teams mixed? We don't know. Even though racism wasn't a factor in the children's behavior, we're supposed to conclude that little kids who identify more readily with teammates wearing the same color T-Shirt are susceptible to racism?
Apparently, Bigler, Bronson and Merryman have never observed children competing in the unifying experience of team sports. Are the "experts" proposing anti-racism indoctrination for Little League, soccer, softball, and Pop Warner Football? Should every team wear the same color uniform?
"The election of President Barack Obama marked the beginning of a new era in race relations in the United States-but it didn't resolve the question as to what we should tell children about race," according to Bronson and Merryman.
What Bronson and Merryman do admit is that all of the diversity indoctrination and desegregation hasn't made any significant difference in the fact that whites identify more easily with whites and blacks identify more easily with blacks:
All told, the odds of a white high-schooler in America having a best friend of another race is only 8 percent. Those odds barely improve for the second-best friend, or the third-best, or the fifth. For blacks, the odds aren't much better: 85 percent of black kids' best friends are also black.
For Bronson and Merryman, desegregation and the election of a black President of the United States by a white majority are not significant indicia that Americans aren't racist because blacks still tend to have black friends and whites still tend to have white friends.
White parents don't discuss race as readily as black parents do, according to Bronson and Merryman:
From a very young age, minority children are coached to be proud of their ethnic history.... That leads to the question that everyone wonders but rarely dares to ask. If "black pride" is good for African-American children, where does that leave white children? It's horrifying to imagine kids being "proud to be white." Yet many scholars argue that's exactly what children's brains are already computing. Just as minority children are aware that they belong to an ethnic group with less status and wealth, most white children naturally decipher that they belong to the race that has more power, wealth, and control in society; this provides security, if not confidence. So a pride message would not just be abhorrent-it'd be redundant.
It's quite peachy if minority kids are "coached to be proud of their ethnic history." But it's "horrifying" and "abhorrent" for Bronson and Merryman to imagine "kids being proud to be white." If white parents teach their children to be ashamed and feel inferior because of their ethnicity, is that supposed to improve race relations? And Bronson and Merryman wonder why white parents are hesitant to discuss race with their children.
Newsweek's depiction of white babies as racists has taken the race card to an all-time low. Including mention of Obama with this shoddy research is a deplorable attempt to shame and bully his critics into silence.
As scant as the evidence is for congenital racism, it's as credible as the evidence that homosexuality is inborn. So, maybe racism will also become a protected civil rights class, or at least a defense to a hate crime. They could call it "The Newsweek Racist Protection Act" to commemorate Newsweek's demise.
Janet M. LaRue


1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Potter, Philip Cipriani Hambley
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POTTER, PHILIP CIPRIANI HAMBLEY (_PHONE_), English musician, was born in London, the son of a pianoforte teacher, and godson of a sister of G. B. Cipriani, the painter. He was educated for the musical profession under Attwood, Callcott, Crotch and Woelfl; later at Vienna, where he received encouragement from Beethoven. In 1816 an overture by him was performed at a Philharmonic concert, and he began a distinguished career as a pianist. In 1822 he became a professor, and in 1832 principal (resigning in 1859) of the Royal Academy of Music; in 1860 an exhibition was founded there in his honour. Cipriani Potter composed many works, now mostly forgotten, though important in their day. He died on the 28th of September 1871.


text:
UltraCID is a HomeSeer 2.2 plug-in that adds caller ID functionality to HomeSeer. Simply specify the communications port of your caller ID modem from the options web page and restart HomeSeer. The plug-in will then connect to the modem, enable caller ID, then log all incoming calls to the database. The plug-in will also manage a single entry for the caller in the database which tracks total calls and last call timestamp. In addition, you can override the caller name field to display a custom name in the caller log web page.
How It Works:
- The plug-in connects to a caller ID capable modem and logs each call to an underlying database.
- A caller log web page displays callers based on date range and can filter based on caller name.
- A caller details web page displays call count, last call timestamp and the caller ID display name (which can be modified).
- UltraCID supports most Conexant PCI and USB modems.
- Supports HomeSeer triggers based on caller local and extension pick-up (if supported by your modem).
- Logs all calls to an OLEDB aware database.
- Web page supports caller log filters and caller summary.
- Ability to block callers based on name or number using regular expressions.
- Currently supports Microsoft Access 2003 (database included), Microsoft SQL 2000 and Microsoft SQL 2005.
- Ability to open and close database connections while plug-in is running.
- Debugging output to troubleshoot database connection issues.
- Ability to specify custom connection strings.
- Ability to purge caller data after a specified number of months.
- Error Try/Catch logic to ensure plug-in doesn't fail with an unhandled exception.
- Ability to specify HomeSeer user roles (admin, guest, normal, local) that can access the web page.
- Written in VB.Net 2008, 100% managed code.
HomeSeer HomeSeer Triggers:
- UltraCID Incoming Call
- Any Caller
- Blocked Caller
- Business Caller
- Family Caller
- Friends Caller
- or any previous caller ...
- UltraCID OnRing
- Local handset on/off hook (if modem supports voice mode)
- Local phone extension on/off hook (if modem supports voice mode)
Modems Test with UltraCID:
- Rosewill RNX-56USB Conexant Hardware Based 56Kbps USB (Plug & Play) V.92 PCI Date/Fax/TAM modem
- Zoom Model 3025 V.92 56K-PCI Modem 56 Kbps V.92 PCI FaxModem
Quick Start Documentation: _URL_
Please see the announcement for screenshots and more information.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Farming played a role in the subsistence base for the Fremont culture, but there is no consensus as to how significant that role was. Maize is consistently found in Fremont sites, but evidence of wild plant use is also abundant. The use of both domesticates and foraged plants by the Fremont, combined with the diversity of the landscape and sites that were inhabited by the Fremont, contributes to the diversity of theories on Fremont subsistence. This thesis examines evidence for plant usage at Wolf Village, a Fremont site in Utah Valley. Wolf Village is ideally situated for a Fremont farming village. Maize, beans, and wild plant remains were all recovered in the excavation process. In order to better understand the basis of Fremont subsistence there, further research is needed, however, into the economic importance of both the domesticates and the foraged plants, how the foraged foods may have contributed to the subsistence base, and whether the foraged plants were complimentary to a farming lifestyle. The information on plant use at Wolf Village should contribute to a better understanding of Fremont subsistence.
College and Department
Family, Home, and Social Sciences; Anthropology
BYU ScholarsArchive Citation
Dahle, Wendy, "Macrobotanical Evidence of Diet and Plant Use at Wolf Village (42UT273), Utah Valley, Utah." (2011). All Theses and Dissertations. 2703.
Native Americans, Utah, Fremont, Wolf Village, diet and plant use

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


line} \psi(x)=-c\int_0^{-x/c}q(t')\,dt'+\phi(x)=\\ -c\int_0^{-x/c}q(t')\,dt'+\frac{1}{2}g(-x) + \frac{1}{2c}\int_0^{-x} h(x')\,dx'. \qquad \label{eq-2.6.14} \end{multline} Then plugging $x:=x+ct$ into (\ref{eq-2.6.6}) and $x:=x-ct$ into (\ref{eq-2.6.14}) and adding we get from (\ref{eq-2.6.4}) that \begin{multline} u(x,t)= \underbracket{\frac{1}{2}g(x+ct)+ \frac{1}{2c}\int_0^{x+ct}h(x')\,dx'}_{=\phi(x+ct)}+ \\ \underbracket{-c\int _0^{t-x/c}q(t')\,dt'+\frac{1}{2}g(ct-x) +\frac{1}{2c}\int_0^{ct-x} h(x')\,dx'}_{=\psi(x-ct)}. \qquad\label{eq-2.6.15} \end{multline} This formula defines $u(x,t)$ as $0< x< ct$. Recall that for $x> ct$ solution is given by (\ref{eq-2.6.4}).
In particular
a. As $g=h=0$ (wave is generated by the perturbation of the end) \begin{equation} u(x,t)= \left\{\begin{aligned} & 0\qquad && 0< ct < x,\\ & -c\int_0^{t-x/c} && 0 < x < ct. \end{aligned}\right. \label{eq-2.6.16} \end{equation} b. As $g(x)=\phi(x)$, $h(x)=c\phi'(x)$ , $p=0$ (wave initially running to the left and then reflected) \begin{equation} u(x,t)= \left\{ \begin{aligned} & \phi(x+ct)\qquad && 0 < ct < x,\\ & \phi(x+ct)+\phi(ct-x) && 0 < x < ct; \end{aligned}\right. \label{eq-2.6.17} \end{equation}
Example 3. Alternatively, consider boundary condition \begin{equation} (\alpha u_x+\beta u_t)|_{x=0}= q(t), \qquad t>0. \label{eq-2.6.18} \end{equation} Again we get equation to $\psi(-ct)$: $(\alpha -c \beta)\psi'(-ct)+ (\alpha +c \beta) \phi' (ct)=q(t) $ and everything works well as long as $\alpha\ne c\beta $.
Example 4. Alternatively, consider Robin boundary condition \begin{equation} (u_x+\sigma u)|_{x=0}= q(t), \qquad t>0. \label{eq-2.6.19} \end{equation} and we get $ \psi'(-ct)+\sigma \psi (-ct) + \phi'(ct)+\sigma \phi (ct)=q(t)$ or equivalently \begin{equation} \psi'(x)+\sigma \psi (x)=q(-x/c)- \phi'(-x)+\sigma \phi (-x) \label{eq-2.6.20} \end{equation} where the right-hand expression is known.
In this case we define $\psi(x)$ as $x<0$ solving ODE (\ref{eq-2.6.20}) as we know $\psi(0)=\frac{1}{2}g(0)$ from (\ref{eq-2.6.7}).
1D Wave equation on the finite interval
Consider wave equation in domain $\{a< x< b, t>0\}$ and initial conditions \begin{align} &u_{tt}-c^2 u_{xx}=0 \qquad &&a<x<b,\ t>0\label{eq-2.6.21}\\ &u|_{t=0}=g(x) && a< x< b, \label{eq-2.6.22}\\ &u_t|_{t=0}=h(x) && a< x< b.\label{eq-2.6.23} \end{align} Here we take $f(x,t)=0$ for simplicity. Then according to the previous section solution $u(x,t)$ is defined uniquely in the characteristic triangle $ABC$.
Fig-2.6.2
 1. However $\phi (x)$, $\psi(x)$ are defined as $a< x< b$.
 2. Now the boundary condition on the left end (f. e. $u|_{x=a}=p_l(t)$, or $u_x|_{x=a}=q_l(t)$, or more general condition) allows us to find $\psi (a-ct)$ as $0< t< (b-a)/c$ and then $\psi(x-ct)$ is defined in $ABB''A'$. Similarly the boundary condition on the right end (f. e. $u|_{x=b}=p_r(t)$, or $u_x|_{x=b}=q_r(t)$, or more general condition) allows us to find $\phi (b+ct)$ as $0< t< (b-a)/c$ and then $\phi(x+ct)$ is defined in $ABB'A''$. So, $u$ is defined in the intersection of those two domains which is $AA'C'B'B$.
 3. Continuing this process in steps we define $\phi (x+ct)$, $\psi (x-ct)$ and $u(x,t)$ in expanding "up" set of domains.
Half-line: method of continuation
Consider wave equation in domain $\{x>0, t>0\}$, initial conditions, and a boundary condition \begin{align} &u_{tt}-c^2 u_{xx}=f(x,t) \qquad &&x>0, \label{eq-2.6.24}\\ &u|_{t=0}=g(x) && x>0,\label{eq-2.6.25}\\ &u_t|_{t=0}=h(x) && x>0,\label{eq-2.6.26} \\ &u|_{x=0}=0. \label{eq-2.6.27} \end{align} Alternatively, instead of (\ref{eq-2.6.27}) we consider \begin{align} & u_x |_{x=0}=0.\qquad&&\qquad\quad \tag*{$(27)'$}\label{eq-2.6.27-'} \end{align}
Remark 1. It is crucial that we consider either Dirichlet or Neumann homogeneous boundary conditions.
To deal with this problem consider first IVP on the whole line: \begin{align} &U_{tt}-c^2 U_{xx}=F(x,t) \qquad &&x>0,\label{eq-2.6.28}\\ &U|_{t=0}=G(x) && x>0,\label{eq-2.6.29}\\ &U_t|_{t=0}=H(x) && x>0,


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The ratio of activities of a solute, A in an aqueous/organic system will remain constant and independent of the total quantity of A (hence [A]_{org} \propto [A]_{aq}), so at any given temperature:
(K_D)_A = {(a_A)_{org} \over(a_A)_{aq}} \approx {[A]_{org} \over[A]_{aq}}
Thus, the conentration of A remaining in an aqueous solution after i extractions with an organic solvent can be found using:
[A]_i = ({V_{aq} \over V_{org} K_D + V_{aq}})^i [A]_0


text:
What is the Difference Between C and Embedded C?
Difference Between C and Embedded C:
In our previous posts, we had seen the introduction about Embedded C... Now let us see the difference between C and Embedded C...
The following table gives us the summary of the difference between C and Embedded C.
|C Language||Embedded C|
|A type of high level language.||Nothing but an extension of C.|
|Has a free-format of program coding.||The source code format depends upon the type of microprocessor/ microcontroller that is used.|
|Optimization is normal.||High level of optimization.|
|An Operating system is essential to function.||Can work with or without an Operating system.|
|Used for desktop applications.||Used for microcontroller/ microprocessor applications.|
|Does not bother about memory resources.
i.e., use entire memory available in CPU.
|Uses limited resources.
Hence consider memory allocation of the embedded processor.
|C programs run in console.
Hence see the output through desktop
|They run in realtime constraints.
Hence output is not available in OS
|Directly or indirectly support other various programming languages during application.||Supports only required processor of the application.|
|Input can be given to the program while it is running.||Only the pre-defined input can be given to the running program.|
|C compilers are OS dependent.
i.e, run the ram directly from OS terminal.
|Requires compilers of Embedded C.
These compilers in turn enable access to all resources of the embedded system. Hence OS independent.
|Some of the examples of Applications: logical programs, system software programs.||Some of the examples of real-time Applications: DVD, TV,Digital camera.|
By the way, these are simple and normal differences that exist between C and Embedded C for an open eye.
But in real there is no such logical differences between C and Embedded C. As I said earlier in the previous post, The Embedded C is just an extension of C.
Somehow we can say that the only difference between C and C on embedded systems is just their Input and Output is too on the way the input is given and output is seen.
Say for example, consider the following:
Input: Printf <<< read_pin_no (the pin number where input is given)
Output: scanf <<< read_pin_no (the pin number from where output is taken)
Hence there is no differences between C and Embedded C except these type of some small disturbances...
Thanks for reading....


text:
Your phone might know better than you do:
Just by analyzing the calling patterns, the researchers could accurately label two people as friends or nonfriends more than 95% of the time. But the results, published online today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, show that the mobile phone data were better at predicting friendship than the subjects themselves. Thirty-two pairs of subjects switched from calling each other acquaintances to friends in the traditionally gathered survey data. These are most likely new relationships that formed during the course of the study, say the researchers, and they left a clear signal in the mobile phone data. Friends call each other far more often than acquaintances do when they are off-campus and during weekends. The pattern is so distinct that the researchers spotted budding friendships in the phone data months before the people themselves called themselves friends.
Finally, the team compared people's self-reported job satisfaction with their networks of friendship at their workplaces. Because the mobile phones kept track of people's proximity to each other, the researchers had a clear measure of people's daily contact with friends at work, not only through calls but through physical proximity. As predicted, the more contact people had with friends at their workplace, the more highly they rated their job satisfaction. And conversely, the less face-to-face contact people had with friends at work, the less they said they enjoyed it.
…at MIT, scientists who tracked student cellphones during the latest presidential election were able to deduce that two people were talking about politics, even though the researchers didn't know the content of the conversation. By analyzing changes in movement and communication patterns, researchers could also detect flu symptoms before the students themselves realized they were getting sick.
"Phones can know," said Dr. Pentland, director of MIT's Human Dynamics Laboratory, who helped pioneer the research. "People can get this god's-eye view of human behavior."
So far, these studies only scratch the surface of human complexity. Researchers are already exploring ways that the information gleaned from mobile phones can improve public health, urban planning and marketing. At the same time, researchers believe their findings hint at basic rules of human interaction, and that poses new challenges to notions of privacy.
"We have always thought of individuals as being unpredictable," said Johan Bollen, an expert in complex networks at Indiana University. "These regularities [in behavior] allow systems to learn much more about us as individuals than we would care for."
Of course, companies are very interested in this data:
Cellphone providers are openly exploring other possibilities. By mining their calling records for social relationships among customers, several European telephone companies discovered that people were five times more likely to switch carriers if a friend had already switched, said Mr. Eagle, who works with the firms. The companies now selectively target people for special advertising based on friendships with people who dropped the service.
And some of the results are downright unnerving:
After analyzing more than 16 million records of call date, time and position, the researchers determined that, taken together, people's movements appeared to follow a mathematical pattern. The scientists said that, with enough information about past movements, they could forecast someone's future whereabouts with 93.6% accuracy.
The pattern held true whether people stayed close to home or traveled widely, and wasn't affected by the phone user's age or gender.
A few other interesting tidbits:
- They may be making us more selfish, however. Our phones can fulfill our need for human contact, making us less inclined to go out of our way to help others.
- These devices can distract us so much we don't notice the world around us — even if it contains unicycling clowns. (To be fair, people may actually like us better when we are distracted during a conversation.)
- We've become so addicted to our phones that two-thirds of users report hearing "phantom ringing".
- We rely so much on these devices that a third of people under 30 can't remember their home phone numbers — if they have one at all.
- By stripping away the emotional information in faces and intonation, text messaging might be simulating autism.
- Soon there will be more "booty texts" than "booty calls". (iPhone users are more promiscuous, by the way.)
Join 25K+ readers. Get a free weekly update via email here.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The FlowCam Automated Liquid Handling system from Yokogawa Fluid Imaging Technologies integrates with the FlowCam 8000 series for uninterrupted processing of samples.
The system allows up to 288 samples to be queued for unattended operation, improved repeatability, and increased productivity.
FlowCam ALH Benefits:
- Pre-analysis sample preparation can be programmed using easy-to-use graphical and menu-driven operations.
- Heating and cooling features allow sample conditioning and control of sample degradation and evaporation during the processing.
- System is self-contained to protect against outside contamination and accidental disturbance of samples.
- Vertical architecture saves valuable bench space while a monitor provides access to current system status and review of workflows for both instruments.
- Uses standard SBS format labware that can be deployed on any of the general-purpose locations.
Yokogawa Fluid Imaging Technologies, Inc. manufactures industry-leading particle analysis instrumentation based on digital imaging technology. The FlowCam is the first automated particle analysis instrument to use digital imaging to measure size and shape (including 40+ morphological characteristics) of microscopic particles in a fluid medium. With applications in municipal water, biopharmaceutical formulations, chemicals, oil and gas, biofuels, food & beverage, aquatic research, and many other markets, Yokogawa Fluid Imaging Technologies continues to lead the way in imaging particle analysis.
FlowCam and VisualSpreadsheet are trade mark.
YOKOGAWA will contribute to technology evolution particularly in measurement and analytical tools to help build a world where researchers will increasingly focus on insightful interpretation of data, and advancing Life Science to benefit humanity.
İnsanlarımız, teknolojimiz ve çözümlerimiz hakkında daha fazla bilgi mi arıyorsunuz?Bizimle İletişime Geçin


text:
Well, if both the memory available and the memory used keep on increasing with the available increasing faster than that used, then you're safe since on balance there's more memory available for matlab. Of course, if the memory available for all arrays increases while the memory used by matlab also increases that means that some other program is using less memory. So, at some point that other program will settle down to its minimum usage and then the increased usage by matlab may be become a problem.
Whether or not you'll run out of memory depends on how much memory you have, how long you want to run for and what the rate of memory increase is. You'll get a out of memory error if:
- memory available for all arrays decreases to 0
- you try to increase the size of an existing array (e.g. by adding elements) so that its memory requirement are higher than maximum possible array size.


text:
Purchase this article with an account.
Gernot Horstmann, Arvid Herwig; Eye movements during highly inefficient visual search: What determines search efficiency differences in blank trials?. Journal of Vision 2013;13(9):527. doi: 10.1167/13.9.527.
Download citation file:
© ARVO (_PHONE_); The Authors (2016-present)
Introduction. Some targets in visual search are more difficult to find than others; for example, a target which is similar to the distractors is more difficult to find than a target which is dissimilar to the distractors. A remarkable result is that efficiency differences manifest themselves not only in target trials but also in blank (target absent) trials. In fact, even physically identical displays are searched through with different efficiencies depending on the searched-for target (e.g., Horstmann, Lipp, & Becker, 2012; _URL_ Obviously, this effect is not driven by the target but by the search template. Because the focus of models of visual search is on target trials, theoretical or empirical treatments of blank trials have been presented only sporadically. Eye movements are examined to explore three hypotheses concerning the causes of differential search efficiencies in blank trials: (a) distractor skipping regulated by a variable threshold, (b) rescanning, and (c) dwell times. Methods. Participants performed a very inefficient search for two types of emotional target faces among neutral distractor faces. Target-distractor similarity (TDS) was varied between blocks: while in the high TDS blocks, the target was similar to the neutral distractors, in the low TDS blocks, the target was dissimilar to the distractors. The distractors were the same in all blocks. Results. Visual search times differed between the high and the low TDS condition, replicating earlier results. Eye movements were analyzed for skipping of distractors, rescanning of distractors, and gaze dwell times. Results showed that differences in dwell time and rescanning account for most of the search time differences between high and low TDS blocks. Conclusion. Low search efficiency in blank trials of high TDS blocks is mostly due to prolonged dwelling and more frequent rescanning of distractors, at least for a very inefficient search.
Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2013
This PDF is available to Subscribers Only


Novell is now a part of Micro Focus
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DIS: Domain database error
This document (_PHONE_) is provided subject to the disclaimer at the end of this document.
Novell GroupWise 8
Novell GroupWise 7
Novell GroupWise 6.5
DIS: Domain database error.
DIS: Domain database error. Transfer domain not found
Transfer domain not found
MTA does not load.
MTA fails to load with domain database error
MTA fails to load; DIS: Domain database error.
This happens when there are multiple domains and the outbound link for one or more domain is set to Direct Link mode via TCPIP. However, there is no IP address seen as it can be seen in the screenshot.
Corrective Action:
This could get very tedious specially when there are a lot of domains involved in a singel GroupWise system
1. Connect to the domain database in ConsoleOne for which MTA fails to load
2. Right-Click | GroupWise Utilities | Link Configuration
3. Check every outbound links for the domain.
4. If everything looks good then from the Drop down box select Primary Domain
5. Now check every outbound link.
Keep following the search process from steps 3 - 5 until you get the link as similar to screenshot above. Kindly check the links thoroughly to ensure nothing is missed.
6. Once the link is found verify the outbound links are for which domain
7. Connect to the domain database that was found in the above step and edit the outbound link
8. Toggle the setting and then save it.
9. Connect to primary domain database and rebuild the secondary domain. The MTA should now load without any errors.
Additional Information
Note: The observation generally seen when connected to secondary domain and checking the link configuration of a primary domain. When conecting the primary domain and then checking the link configuration may or may not display the correct information. Hence Toggling the link configuration and then rebuilding the secondary domain solves the issue. However, it can be that a secondary domain has got wrong info and not primary. The procedure remains the same.
Since this has got to do with link configuration, it can get quite confusing based on the complexity and number of domains and links set. Hence ensure that each link is thoroughly checked.
 - Document ID:_PHONE_
 - Creation Date:20-AUG-09
 - Modified Date:26-APR-12
 - NovellGroupWise
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5 traits of a successful veterinary school graduate - Veterinary Economics
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DVM Veterinary Economics Featuring Information from:
5 traits of a successful veterinary school graduate
Diploma's in hand. Tests are passed. Now see if you've got what it takes to dive into practice.
Veterinary-school seniors, you're done—or almost done. Congratulations. You've learned a lot, and now you're ready to inflict it—er, share it with the world.
But before you do, make sure you've got these five important traits of a successful graduate in addition to all the book learning, natural talent, and practice time. They come from Elaine Stirling's The Corporate Storyteller:
1. Responsibility. When you feel frozen and unsure what to do, remember you're a veterinarian now. Clients, bosses, and team members are counting on you to make decisions—whether it's to ask for help, verify information, or make a difficult choice in the heat of the moment.
2. Curiosity. You've just been stuffed full of more medical information than the human brain can hold, but we bet you're still brimming with curiosity about animal physiology, client psychology, and business terminology—or you should be. Never let go of the curiosity that led you to veterinary school. Losing curiosity, the sense that the world always has something new to teach, leads to mental fatigue, passivity, and distraction.
3. Capacity. You won't know the right answer all the time, but courage will give you the capacity to let wrong answers and "I don't know" keep rolling through until the solution pops up. Don't be defensive; let the creative juices flow.
4. Audacity. You need more than a sense of responsibility to make decisions; you need audacity, a brazen willingness to wade into the messy fray of veterinary practice and provide help to pets, their owners, as well as the other members of your practice team.
5. Authority. You need authority, and not just the kind bestowed on you by veterinary schools, licensing boards, and employers. The word authority is related to the words author and self—you're the author in charge of your destiny. Authority can mean holding yourself accountable for your words and actions. To be truly engaged in a job, a career, a patient, or a client is to be ready to make decisions (remember responsibility above?) and to hold yourself accountable as the authority in making them—good or bad, mistake or success.
And always remember, your colleagues are here for you as you develop into the leaders we all know you are.
Now get out there and have fun.
Click here


Buddhist Annealing: Wireheading Done Right with the Seven Factors of Awakening
Hi everyone!
I recently went on a two-week meditation retreat. I'm on the grid again, slowly catching up with things (please be patient if you sent me messages – I will get to them eventually).
Seven Factors of Awakening
I had a great retreat. There is a lot that clicked into place, and in time I will share it in posts, articles, and videos. For now I just wanted to share an interesting insight I got. In brief, I found that there is a seamless way to blend the Buddhist "Seven Factors of Awakening" and QRI paradigms, in particular those of Wireheading Done Right and Neural Annealing:
Seven Factors of Awakening and Wireheading Done Right
The overall idea here is that in order to sustain a state of consciousness where meditation has benefits one needs to have a state of mind that has a lot of control over itself. In particular, there is a zone in the valence / arousal space that is ideal for meditation, namely, the region that is positive valence and middle-of-the-road arousal. In this light, when your mind is too excited and restless you should put emphasis on the tranquilizing factors (concentration, equanimity, and tranquility). When your mind is too sluggish or sleepy, you put extra emphasis on the exciting factors (investigation, energy, and joy). And the balancing factor (mindfulness) is what allows you to keep track of this process without getting distracted by the hindrances. This allows you to cybernetically stay in the zone most conducive to meditative development.
Importantly, I think that the factors themselves are best developed in that zone. So it may be futile to ask someone who is panicking to focus on tranquility IF they have not focused on tranquility before when they were in the optimal zone. So for a lot of people developing the seven factors is going to be a bootstrapping process. Pragmatically, I expect that e.g. people with chronic pain might benefit from actual painkillers in order to reduce the pain enough to then be close to the zone where they can actually practice and develop the seven factors effectively. When the painkillers wear off at least they will have gotten some practice time, and then applying equanimity to the pain will be easier (I think that it is both ineffective and cruel to ask someone in pain to "just have equanimity about it" if they haven't already developed equanimity when they were in the zone).
In addition to valence and arousal, the seven factors also allow you to cybernetically stay in the zone for two additional key dimensions. Namely the dimension of "clinging vs. letting go" and the dimension of "noise vs. purity". In this light, we have that energy increases fast euphoria (positive valence and positive arousal), joy increases valence, investigation identifies trends that take you out of the zone and maintains purity, concentration increases purity, equanimity increases valence a little and "letting go" a lot, tranquility induces slow euphoria (positive valence and negative arousal), and mindfulness oversees the whole process while also increasing "letting go". Together they can help you stay in the optimal zone along these four dimensions! They are, in effect, a "natural way" to do Wireheading Done Right.
Seven Factors of Awakening and Neural Annealing
In addition to the lens of Wireheading Done Right, Neural Annealing also interfaces with the Seven Factors of Awakening quite well. Namely, you can think of them as "welding tools" for wholesome annealing!
In brief, you first need to use "flow" which "melts" the structures of your world-simulation and makes them flexible and amenable to modifications. Then you use the seven factors in order to direct the evolution of the flow into healing and harmonious dynamics. Doing this over and over will, over time, allow you to create a very wholesome and healing flow. More specifically, here are the seven factors as seen through the lens of Neural Annealing:
Balancing Factor
 1. Mindfulness
 1. Maintain flow in the foreground
 2. Focus on the texture rather than the content of flow
 3. Monitor for the arising of hindrances and inclining the mind away from them
Energizing Factors
 1. Energy
 1. This is what happens when you "pluck" the flow. Naturally, this energizes the eigenmodes of the flow! It is like the light that gets trapped between two parallel mirrors. Energy illuminates the harmonics of the flow you are cultivating.
 2. Joy
 1. The judicious selection of sets of eigenmodes that are consonant together
 2. Given joyous flow, deepening the joy entails energization, blending, and annealing of the consonant gestalt (cf. Focus on Positive)
 3. Investigation
 1. Examining the texture of flow. Testing it to determine the presence of hindrances.
 2. It is listening for the ring of the flow (with its objects) and diagnosing what is in it
Tranquilizing Factors
 1. Tranquility
 1. Cultivating tranquility entails developing highly-efficient cooling structures that channel flow and dissipate energy quickly (cf. Focus on Rest)
 2. Equanimity
 1. Not interfering with energy transit and dissipation by letting it recruit as large of a piece of flow as possible for its diffusion
 2. At a high-enough concentration (in my experience), equanimity undergoes a phase change. It becomes very fluid which balances out the forces inside you. I can see how in large enough amounts this would significantly reduce the suffering associated with intense pain.
 3. Concentration
 1. It is hard to tell "what you do" to increase concentration. As far as I can tell it requires a lot of skillful rhythmicity that guides awareness in a way that prevents its falling away.
 2. A rough metric for concentration might be: amount of energy of flow that is in phase, in harmonic relationship, and synchronized. Thus, for any level of concentration there are many possible "solutions". Only on the very high-levels of concentration do experiences become constrained to only a few types. The combinatorial space becomes smaller as concentration increases.
The holy grail here would be the creation of a high-entropy alloy that blends together all seven factors. It's a bootstrapping process. As you start developing some of the factors, you can use them to weld the flow in such a way that developing the other factors becomes easier. Then you can start developing two or more factors simultaneously (e.g. "tranquil equanimity" or "joyous concentration"). In time, one climbs the gradient that fortifies the presence of the factors in the mind, making it a home for wholesome qualia computing.
Wishing you all a wonderful Sunday!
The Goal: To Anneal a Wholesome Annealing Toolkit
(the Holy High-Entropy Alloy of the Seven Factors of Awakening)
 1. Pingback: 7 Recent Videos: Buddhist Annealing, Is This Simulation?, The Purple Pill, DMT vs. 5-MeO-DMT, Digital Sentience, Psychedelics and the Free Energy Principle, and Advanced Visions of Paradise | Qualia Computing
 2. Pingback: Healing Trauma with Neural Annealing | Qualia Computing
 3. Patri Friedman · April 15
 I'm curious how samadhi & jhana fits into the neural annealing and your other models for joy. Why does a simple repetitive process feel so good? Is it about harmony between sub agents? Does concentration somehow add neutral energy and promote annealing (what Buddhists call "purification of mind")? Or is it something else?
 Given that jhanas are (to some degree) bliss states, they seem highly relevant to any investigation of achievable joy for humans.
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text:
When you make a chart, Excel determines the scale of the Y-axis based on the numbers in your data set. If the range of your data (the difference between the highest and lowest numbers) is greater than 20% of the lowest number in your data set, then the Y-axis of your chart will go from zero to a number greater than the highest number in your chart. If the range of your data is less than 20% of the lowest number, then the Y-axis will not start at zero, but at a number slightly lower than the lowest number in your data set, like in the first chart at the top of this post.
In the two charts above, the first one uses the scale Excel assigned to it using the 20% rule. It illustrates the fluctuation in temperature over the course of the week (this is Austin's forecast for the week).
But sometimes you may not want the default scale and will need to change it. In the second chart, I adjusted the Y-axis so it starts at zero. Now it doesn't emphasize the fluctuation in temperatures, but it does show how far the nineties are from zero, and that this week is rather hot*.
You always have the option to change the scale of your chart to meet your needs.
Change the Y-Axis Scale
- Select your chart.
- On the Layout tab of the ribbon, click on the Axes button.
- Select Primary Vertical Axis.
- Select More Vertical Axis Options.
- In the Axis Options section, for Minimum, select Fixed and enter the lowest number you want on your Y-axis.
- For Maximum, select Fixed, and type the number where you want the Y-axis to end.
- Click Close.
Note: if you've already changed your axis and want to go back to Excel's defaults, select Auto, instead of Fixed and click Close.
* I realize that for some readers living in other parts of the world, the nineties are practically chilly. I hope you're reading this with an iced beverage and a fan. Or air conditioning.


Harvard Catalyst Profiles
Contact, publication, and social network information about Harvard faculty and fellows.
Pancreatic Elastase
"Pancreatic Elastase" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings). Descriptors are arranged in a hierarchical structure, which enables searching at various levels of specificity.
A protease of broad specificity, obtained from dried pancreas. Molecular weight is approximately 25,000. The enzyme breaks down elastin, the specific protein of elastic fibers, and digests other proteins such as fibrin, hemoglobin, and albumin. EC 3.4.21.36.
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Pancreatic Elastase" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Pancreatic Elastase" was a major or minor topic of these publication.
Bar chart showing 99 publications over 26 distinct years, with a maximum of 11 publications in 2005
To see the data from this visualization as text, click here.
Related Networks
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Funded by the NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences through its Clinical and Translational Science Awards Program, grant number UL1TR002541.


text:
Dolcan English, German|
The pipes of the Dolcan are inverted conical metal, or occasionally inverted pyramidal wood. Only a few flue stops are always made of inverted conical pipes (wider at the top than at the bottom), and the Dolcan is the most common of these. Found at 16', 8' or 4' pitch, its tone resembles that of the Dulciana, but is brighter and more open. According to Williams, the tone of the Dolcan seems to have not changed much over the centuries. Sumner calls it the precursor to the modern Dulciana. Grove dates it from around 1580 in the Netherlands and northern Germany. Audsley, who provides the illustration reproduced here, specifies a 1/5 to 2/9 mouth with a 1/5 to 1/4 cut-up, and gives the following representative scale:
While Audsley's scale has a ratio of about 1:1.3 between the mouth and top diameters, Maclean specifies the much larger ratio of 1:2.5, and states that its tone is of insufficient distinction to justify the cost of its construction.
There has been much confusion over the centuries between names such as Dolcan, Dolce, Dulciana, Dulzian, and their synonyms. Bonavia-Hunt claims that the Dolcan, Dolce and Flauto Dolce are one and the same, a soft metal flute introduced to England by Snetzler in 1741 and later popularized by Schulze, whose tone "is precisely that of a fluty dulciana... a fair imitation of an echo waldflote". Wedgwood also equates Dolcan with Flauto Dolce, calling it a flute with a "suspicion of stringiness", and says that it was introduced to England by Schulze.
Osiris contains fourteen examples of Dolcan at 8' pitch, five at 4' pitch, and one at 16'; three examples of Dolkan at 8' and four at 2' (all from the late 20th century); and four examples of Trichterflöte at 4' pitch, and one each at 8' and 2' (all from the 20th century). No examples of Dulcan, Dulzaen, Dulzain, Scharfpfeife, Tolkaan or Trichterpfeife are known.
Dolcan 8', Echo; Church of St. Bartholomew, Armley, England; Schulze 1866. This is the oldest known example.
Tolkaan 8', Positief; Dutch Reformed Church, Johannesburg Wes, Gauteng, South Africa; Ganser 1959.
Would you like to hear what a Dolcan sounds like?
For as little as $10 (US), you can sponsor a page in this Encyclopedia, and help purchase more sound samples!
Copyright © 2001 Edward L. Stauff, all rights reserved.|
Dolcan.html - Last updated 10 January 2003.


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Article dans une revue
Release of coumarin incorporated into chitosan-gelatin irradiated films
Abstract : Chitosan and fish gelatin were used to formulate active biobased films containing an antioxidant (coumarin). After drying, the films were irradiated at 40 and 60 kGy using an electron beam accelerator. The effect of irradiation on the film properties as well as the coumarin release mechanism were investigated and compared with the control. Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) revealed free radical formation during irradiation in films containing coumarin. Antioxidant addition and/or irradiation treatment at a dose of 60 kGy resulted in a shift of amide A and amide B peaks. Furthermore a shift of amide II band was only observed for the control film at the same dose. Irradiation allowed improving the thermal stability of the control films. Both irradiation process and addition of coumarin increased the surface wettability (increase of the polar component of the surface tension). From the water barrier analysis, neither irradiation nor coumarin addition influenced the permeability at the lower RH gradient used (0-30% RH). Using the higher RH gradient (30-84%) induced a rise of the WVP of all films (containing or not coumarin) after irradiation treatment. At 60 kGy, the tensile strength of only the control films increased significantly. Considering coumarin release from the film in aqueous medium, the apparent diffusion coefficient of coumarin is two times reduced after irradiation. Irradiation also allowed to better protect the incorporated antioxidant. Indeed, the amount of coumarin in the non-irradiated film was significantly lowered compared to the initial quantity, which is probably due to chemical reactivity.
Liste complète des métadonnées
Contributeur : Pam - Université de Bourgogne <>
Soumis le : mercredi 11 janvier 2017 - 15:21:34
Dernière modification le : samedi 13 février 2021 - 03:31:22
Lien texte intégral
Nasreddine Benbettaïeb, Odile Chambin, Ali Assifaoui, Saphwan Al-Assaf, Thomas Karbowiak, et al.. Release of coumarin incorporated into chitosan-gelatin irradiated films. Food Hydrocolloids, Elsevier, 2016, 56, pp.266 - 276. ⟨10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.12.026⟩. ⟨hal-01432119⟩
Consultations de la notice


Nobel Prizes and Laureates
Nobel Prizes and Laureates
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975
John Cornforth, Vladimir Prelog
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Vladimir Prelog - Facts
Vladimir Prelog
Vladimir Prelog
Born: 23 July 1906, Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary (now Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Died: 7 January 1998, Zurich, Switzerland
Prize motivation: "for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions"
Field: organic chemistry, stereochemistry
Prize share: 1/2
Nature is full of organic substances - chemical compounds that contain the element carbon and that can be transformed in a multitude of different chemical reactions. At the end of the 1940s, Vladimir Prelog began researching the connection between the structures of organic molecules and how they react. His studies included ring-shaped molecules of medium size and how reactions can arise when different parts of the molecule come in contact with one another. He also studied substances that occur in two different reversed forms and how they react.
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MLA style: "Vladimir Prelog - Facts". Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 27 Apr 2017. <>


text:
05 Oct DATA CENTER KEYNOTE SPEAKER: WHAT'S NEXT FOR CLOUD SECURITY AND ONLINE APPS?
Why are data center keynote speakers constantly in high demand? From a futurist consultant's standpoint, we'd argue that it's because:
- Online data management solutions are becoming increasingly important as more and more data is generated and companies rely on the cloud. Presentations by data center keynote speakers at tech conferences provide insight into new technologies, trends, and strategies related to the field.
- There is a lot of complexity and rapid change happening in the industry with new architectures like hybrid cloud and edge computing. Knowledgeable speakers help make sense of it all.
- Many technical founders and executives from major cloud providers and hyperscalers like AWS, Google Cloud, Microsoft Azure, etc. are sought after as data center keynote speakers for their unique perspectives.
- Data center efficiency, sustainability, and environmental impact are hot topics where expert views are valued. Speakers who can address energy usage, water consumption, recycling, and more are popular.
- With data centers consuming massive amounts of energy worldwide, keynotes around renewable energy sources, battery technologies, and other innovations are in demand.
- On top of it, data center keynote speakers who can simplify complex topics like AI, machine learning, quantum computing, cybersecurity, and high-performance computing for audiences are particularly useful.
- Visionary presenters who can forecast upcoming data center developments like quantum computing applications, carbon-neutral facilities, liquid cooling, and automated operations provide value.
Long story short? Knowledgeable data center keynote speakers help interpret the latest technologies while providing strategic vision and practical insights to data center professionals looking to the future. Their unique experience makes them highly sought after.


text:
The Trevi fountain is at the ending part of the Aqua
Virgo, an aqueduct constructed in 19 BC. It brings water all the
way from the Salone Springs (approx 20km from Rome) and supplies
the fountains in the historic center of Rome with water
Construction of the Fountain In 1732, Pope Clement XII commissioned
Nicola Salvi to create a large fountain at the Trevi Square. A
previous undertaking to build the fountain after a design by
Bernini was halted a century earlier after the death of Pope Urban
VIII. Salvi based his theatrical masterpiece on this design.
Construction of the monumental baroque fountain was finally
completed in 1762.
The central figure of the fountain, in front of a large niche, is
Neptune, god of the sea. He is riding a chariot in the shape of a
shell, pulled by two sea horses. Each sea horse is guided by a
Triton. One of the horses is calm and obedient, the other one
restive. They symbolize the fluctuating moods of the sea.
On the left hand side of Neptune is a statue representing
Abundance, the statue on the right represents Salubrity. Above the
sculptures are bas-reliefs, one of them shows Agrippa, the girl
after whom the aqueduct was named.


text:
In this study the results of magnetic tests, carried out by an experimental model device employing a High Critical Temperature bulk Superconductor (HTCS) ring above circular iron-magnetic guideway, are presented and discussed. The model device simulates, by analogy, the electromagnetic behaviour of magnetic levitation vehicle, using bulk HTCS on board, riding above the iron-magnetic guideway. In the wide range of work conditions magnetic levitation experiments were conducted and lift and drag forces were measured. Moreover numerical analyses by two-dimensional finite element parametric models were carried out; the results are presented in terms of levitation, guidance forces and flux density distribution.
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text:
Sports play an important formative role in the lives of many middle and high school students. Science Behind Sports from Lucent Books explores the science behind key contemporary sports. Volumes present in a clear and engaging manner the scientific principles and concepts involved, the biomechanics and physiology of playing, and related health issues and medical concerns related to the sport.
"By combining science and sports, the publisher has figured out a way to engage teenagers in learning about the physical and psychological needs of each sport, about the physical science concepts involved in playing each sport and about the treatment of sports-related injuries. Recommendations: All middle school and high school libraries need this series. The science teacher could organize the science curriculum around it or use it as a resource when teaching a particular lesson."
--Tri State Young Adult Book Review Committee, September 2011


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This version of the documentation is archived and no longer supported.
update
Definition
update
New in version 2.6.
The update command modifies documents in a collection. A single update command can contain multiple update statements. The update methods provided by the MongoDB drivers use this command internally.
The update command has the following syntax:
{
 update: <collection>,
 updates: [
 { q: <query>, u: <update>, upsert: <boolean>, multi: <boolean>,
 collation: <document>, arrayFilters: <array> },
 { q: <query>, u: <update>, upsert: <boolean>, multi: <boolean>,
 collation: <document>, arrayFilters: <array> },
 { q: <query>, u: <update>, upsert: <boolean>, multi: <boolean>,
 collation: <document>, arrayFilters: <array> },
 ...
 ],
 ordered: <boolean>,
 writeConcern: { <write concern> },
 bypassDocumentValidation: <boolean>
}
The command takes the following fields:
Field Type Description
update string The name of the target collection.
updates array An array of one or more update statements to perform in the named collection.
ordered boolean Optional. If true, then when an update statement fails, return without performing the remaining update statements. If false, then when an update fails, continue with the remaining update statements, if any. Defaults to true.
writeConcern document
Optional. A document expressing the write concern of the update command. Omit to use the default write concern.
Do not explicitly set the write concern for the operation if run in a transaction. To use write concern with transactions, see Read Concern/Write Concern/Read Preference.
bypassDocumentValidation boolean
Optional. Enables update to bypass document validation during the operation. This lets you update documents that do not meet the validation requirements.
New in version 3.2.
Each element of the updates array contains the following fields:
Field Type Description
q document The query that matches documents to update. Use the same query selectors as used in the find() method.
u document The modifications to apply. For details, see Behavior.
upsert boolean Optional. If true, perform an insert if no documents match the query. If both upsert and multi are true and no documents match the query, the update operation inserts only a single document.
multi boolean Optional. If true, updates all documents that meet the query criteria. If false, limit the update to one document that meet the query criteria. Defaults to false.
collation document
Optional.
Specifies the collation to use for the operation.
Collation allows users to specify language-specific rules for string comparison, such as rules for lettercase and accent marks.
The collation option has the following syntax:
collation: {
 locale: <string>,
 caseLevel: <boolean>,
 caseFirst: <string>,
 strength: <int>,
 numericOrdering: <boolean>,
 alternate: <string>,
 maxVariable: <string>,
 backwards: <boolean>
}
When specifying collation, the locale field is mandatory; all other collation fields are optional. For descriptions of the fields, see Collation Document.
If the collation is unspecified but the collection has a default collation (see db.createCollection()), the operation uses the collation specified for the collection.
If no collation is specified for the collection or for the operations, MongoDB uses the simple binary comparison used in prior versions for string comparisons.
You cannot specify multiple collations for an operation. For example, you cannot specify different collations per field, or if performing a find with a sort, you cannot use one collation for the find and another for the sort.
New in version 3.4.
arrayFilters array
Optional. An array of filter documents that determines which array elements to modify for an update operation on an array field.
In the update document, use the $[<identifier>] filtered positional operator to define an identifier, which you then reference in the array filter documents. You cannot have an array filter document for an identifier if the identifier is not included in the update document.
Note
The <identifier> must begin with a lowercase letter and contain only alphanumeric characters.
You can include the same identifier multiple times in the update document; however, for each distinct identifier ($[identifier]) in the update document, you must specify exactly one corresponding array filter document. That is, you cannot specify multiple array filter documents for the same identifier. For example, if the update statement includes the identifier x (possibly multiple times), you cannot specify the following for arrayFilters that includes 2 separate filter documents for x:
[
 { "x.a": { $gt: 85 } },
 { "x.b": { $gt: 80 } }
]
However, you can specify compound conditions on the same identifier in a single filter document, such as in the following examples:
[
 { $or: [{"x.a": {$gt: 85}}, {"x.b": {$gt: 80}}] }
]
[
 { $and: [{"x.a": {$gt: 85}}, {"x.b": {$gt: 80}}] }
]
[
 { "x.a": { $gt: 85 }, "x.b": { $gt: 80 } }
]
For examples, see Specify arrayFilters for Array Update Operations.
New in version 3.6.
Returns:A document that contains the status of the operation. See Output for details.
Behavior
The <update> document can contain either all update operator expressions or all field:value expressions.
Update Operator Expressions
If the <update> document contains all update operator expressions, as in:
{
 $set: { status: "D" },
 $inc: { quantity: 2 }
}
Then, the update command updates only the corresponding fields in the document.
Field: Value Expressions
If the <update> document contains only field:value expressions, as in:
{
 status: "D",
 quantity: 4
}
Then the update command replaces the matching document with the update document. The update command can only replace a single matching document; i.e. the multi field cannot be true. The update command does not replace the _id value.
Limits
For each update element in the updates array, the sum of the query and the update sizes (i.e. q and u ) must be less than or equal to the maximum BSON document size.
The total number of update statements in the updates array must be less than or equal to the maximum bulk size.
Document Validation
The update command adds support for the bypassDocumentValidation option, which lets you bypass document validation when inserting or updating documents in a collection with validation rules.
Transactions
update supports multi-document transactions.
If the operation results in an upsert, the collection must already exist.
Do not explicitly set the write concern for the operation if run in a transaction. To use write concern with transactions, see Read Concern/Write Concern/Read Preference.
Important
In most cases, multi-document transaction incurs a greater performance cost over single document writes, and the availability of multi-document transaction should not be a replacement for effective schema design. For many scenarios, the denormalized data model (embedded documents and arrays) will continue to be optimal for your data and use cases. That is, for many scenarios, modeling your data appropriately will minimize the need for multi-document transactions. For additional transactions usage considerations (such as runtime limit and oplog size limit), see also Production Considerations.
Examples
Update Specific Fields of One Document
Use update operators to update only the specified fields of a document.
For example, given a users collection, the following command uses the $set and $inc operators to modify the status and the points fields respectively of a document where the user equals "abc123":
db.runCommand(
 {
 update: "users",
 updates: [
 {
 q: { user: "abc123" }, u: { $set: { status: "A" }, $inc: { points: 1 } }
 }
 ],
 ordered: false,
 writeConcern: { w: "majority", wtimeout: 5000 }
 }
)
Because <update> document does not specify the optional multi field, the update only modifies one document, even if more than one document matches the q match condition.
The returned document shows that the command found and updated a single document. See Output for details.
{ "ok" : 1, "nModified" : 1, "n" : 1 }
Update Specific Fields of Multiple Documents
Use update operators to update only the specified fields of a document, and include the multi field set to true in the update statement.
For example, given a users collection, the following command uses the $set and $inc operators to modify the status and the points fields respectively of all documents in the collection:
db.runCommand(
 {
 update: "users",
 updates: [
 { q: { }, u: { $set: { status: "A" }, $inc: { points: 1 } }, multi: true }
 ],
 ordered: false


text:
| "I once thought I could save the world... now look at it"
— Spoilers for Deus Ex: Mankind Divided follow!
|"Welcome to Golem City, clank!"|
|- A policeman|
Útulek Complex or Útulek Station, nicknamed Golem City, is an enclosed city on the outskirts of Prague, Czech Republic. It was originally built by the Santeau Group to offer temporary housing to Prague's working class. Following the Aug Incident in 2027, the complex quickly devolves into a ghetto for the mechanically augmented.
The Útulek Complex served as temporary housing for augmented workers that flowed into Prague during the period of economic growth under Žofie Růžička's pro-corporate government, which relied on an augmented workforce to fuel the economic growth.
After the Aug Incident, which resulted in Žofie Růžička's death and a transition of power to a new anti-Aug government, the Czech Republic cancels Santeau's contract and seizes control of the Complex. The government then declares that the Complex would henceforth be used as permanent housing for unlicensed Augs. The Complex soon earns the nickname "Golem City."
The conditions in Golem City eventually degrade into something comparable to a prison camp. In 2029, the police artificially restrict the amount of Neuropozyne distributed in the city. In doing so, they establish a way to control the augmented population living there who need the drug to survive. State police patrol Golem City and ensure that its residents live in a constant state of fear.
In 2029, Golem City serves as the headquarters of the Augmented Rights Coalition, after its leader Talos Rucker relocated from Stuttgart sometime in 2028. By the time Adam Jensen visits Golem City, ARC activities are evident all around the Útulek Complex in the form of propaganda posters depicting Rucker and featuring various revolutionary slogans. Loudspeakers around the city broadcast messages from Rucker, such as denouncements of violence as a solution to oppression.
Lower Residential AreaEdit
- Police Station: A police station with several holding cells and an armory. On the upper level, in Block 01, Tibor Sokol is being held, and his brother Dušan Sokol is in a more heavily guarded solitary cell on the lower level.
- Mír ("Peace") Flats
A market area where various daily goods are sold. Fruits ("ovoce") and vegetables ("zelenina") are prominently displayed with signs made from fluorescent light tubes. On the floor below this, on the east side, Entity runs a shop that Jensen can interact with.
- ARC Residential Area
- Talos Rucker's office
Ty Zahrada ("The Gardens")Edit
Large outdoor roof gardens, open to the sun, in which fresh fruit and vegetables are grown.
- According to the Art of Deus Ex Universe, the Útulek Complex was inspired by the real-world Kowloon Walled City in Hong Kong. The Walled City was a tightly packed collection of buildings with a large population density. Like Útulek Complex, the quality of life for residence was poor and the city experienced high crime rates.
- The word útulek is Czech for shelter or refuge; obviously referring to Útulek Complex's supposed function as a refuge for augmented people.
See also Edit
- Golem City computers
- Golem City pocket secretaries
- The Rucker Extraction (mission walkthrough), for annotated maps of the Útulek Complex
- Maps without annotations:


Site menu:
New DocsTeach Activity: Petition Against the Annexation of Hawaii
by on March 25, 2014
In our newest activity on, students analyze a petition signed by over 50% of the native Hawaiian population against it becoming a part of the United States. Petition Against Annexation of??? challenges students to use context clues within this petition to figure out which specific territorial acquisition this petition relates to in US History.
Petition against the Annexation of Hawaii
We suggest teaching with this activity in units related to US imperialism, manifest destiny, and the growth of the United States. Students should have some background related to the issues that led to the United States taking a larger role in the world at the turn of the 20th century. Students in grades 6-12 may complete this activity individually, in small groups or as a full class activity. Approximate time needed is 15 minutes. The activity can be found under The Emergence of Modern America (_PHONE_) or directly at
The sole document used in this activity is a selection from a single page of an over 500 page petition sent to Congress from native Hawaiians. More than 21,000 native Hawaiians—out of a population of less than 40,000—signed this petition opposing the annexation of Hawaii. Their actions contributed to the defeat of a proposed annexation treaty.
Begin by asking students to read and analyze the petition from the native inhabitants of a future territory against the US annexing their homeland. Since this activity uses the Focusing on Details: White Out/Black Out Tool, the specific name of the territory is obscured and students must use clues from other parts of the document to determine which territory it is.
Ask the students to examine the document and answer the following questions:
 - What type of document is it?
 - Who wrote the document?
 - To whom was it written?
 - What is the date of the document?
 - Why do you suppose it was written in two languages?
 - What was the purpose of the document?
Based on the evidence, ask students to offer hypotheses about which annexation in US history this petition is about. After discussing their educated guesses, inform students that this is a petition against the US annexation of Hawaii. Inform students that this petition contributed to a defeat of a proposed treaty to annex Hawaii. As a result of the petition, only 46 Senators in favor of the resolution to annex, less than the 2/3 majority needed for approval of a treaty.
Hawaii DT 2
Tell students that victory was shortlived, however as unfolding world events soon forced the annexation issue to the forefront again. With the explosion of the U.S.S. Maine in February 1898 signaling the start of the Spanish-American War, establishing a mid-Pacific fueling station and naval base became important to the United States. The Hawaiian islands were the clear choice, and this time Congress annexed the Hawaiian islands by Joint Resolution (which requires only a simple majority) on July 12, 1898.
The activity will encourage classroom discussion whether or not the US should have annexed Hawaii. Since lawmakers initially listened to the will of the Hawaiian people, but changed their minds following the outbreak of the Spanish-American War (something that had nothing directly to do with native Hawaiians), ask students if they believe our annexation was a justified action.
 - If this petition was signed by over 50% of the native population, do you think the United States should have annexed it? Why or why not?
This activity is adapted from an article published in Social Education by Wynell Schamel and Charles E. Schamel.
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This figure shows the Rules Designer. It contains the following tabs: Facts, Functions, Globals, Bucketsets, Links, Decision Functions, and Rulesets. The Facts tab is selected. The Facts area contains the following tabs along the bottom: XML Facts, Java Facts, RL Facts, and ADF Business Components Facts. The XML Facts tab is selected. The XML Facts area contains a table with the following columns: Alias, Name, Description, XML Name, and Generated From. The XML Facts area also contains the following icons: Refresh, Add, Edit, Delete, and Reload XML Facts From Updated Schemas. The Edit and Delete icons are greyed out.


text: This study aims to analyze the differential bundle functioning in multi-dimensional tests with a specific purpose to detect this effect through differentiating the location of the item with DIF in the test, the correlation between the dimensions, the sample size, and the ratio of reference to focal group size. The first 10 items of the test that is comprised of 30 items were acknowledged as the bundle. The data in line with the parameters were generated via SAS program as two categories (1-0) and multidimensional through an extended 2PL model. Differential bundle functioning was detected via the SIBTEST procedure. The results of the study were interpreted according to the criteria of the power rate and the type I error. When the results were reviewed, the analysis of the bundle revealed that the more the correlation between the two dimensions increased, relatively the less the power rates became. It was observed that the power rates, which were obtained according to two different sample sizes in the study, increased as the sample size increased. Another result as to the SIBTEST's power for detecting DIF was the highest when the ratio of reference to focal group size was equal. According to the results of the type I error rate, the error rate was observed to be relatively decreasing as the correlation between the dimensions increased and it was observed to be increasing as the sample size increased. Also, the highest error rate was obtained when the ratio of the samples was equal.