How To Use Manual Can Opener?
How do you use a simple can opener?
How To Use A Can Opener (Tutorial) –
How do you use a manual can opener on a one wheel?
Single Wheel Opener
It comes equipped with magnets to hold the can in place, while the wheel cuts through the rim. Usage: Place the opener on top of the lid with the wheel close to the rim. Slice through the lid with ease by cranking the key to turn the wheel.
How do you use a butterfly can opener?
How to use: Vaughan's Safety Roll Jr Can Opener –
How do you use a claw shaped can opener?
Old Kitchen Gadgets That Still Work Great –


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ERIC Number: ED321385
Record Type: RIE
Publication Date: 1989-Nov
A Study of the Impact of Educational Reform Movements.
An assessment of the relative and absolute impact of various educational reform movements on student learning and an analysis of school superintendents' roles in such movements are the purposes of this study. Mailed surveys to 70 experienced New York school superintendents yielded a 78.6 percent response rate. The first phase focused on the individual impacts of 10 recent educational reform movements, and the second phase compared the movements with each other with respect to student learning and the role of the superintendency. Findings indicate that the perceptions of the value of recent educational reform movements vary widely. Approaches with specific target populations were viewed as having the most impact on student learning, and those with less structure and definition were perceived as having little impact. A conclusion is that although reform efforts may have some value, the real work of education lies in addressing specific problems at the district level. Twenty-two summary tables of survey findings are included. (12 references) (LMI)
Publication Type: Reports - Research
Education Level: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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A harmonic reduction technique for cycloconverter propulsion drives.
IEE 7th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Drives.
It is well known that cycloconverter drive systems can give rise to increased motor noise and vibration. This is mainly due to the harmonic distortion present in the output voltage and current waveforms. This paper describes research undertaken to reduce specific harmonic components in these waveforms. The aim has been to reduce those harmonics considered to be particularly troublesome in a typical marine electrical propulsion system. Specific harmonics in the output of the cycloconverter have been satisfactorily controlled and attenuated.
|Title:||A harmonic reduction technique for cycloconverter propulsion drives|
|Event:||IEE 7th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Drives|
|UCL classification:||UCL > School of BEAMS > Faculty of Engineering Science > Mechanical Engineering|
Archive Staff Only


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Developing leaders for a diverse democracy is an increasingly important aim of higher education and social justice is ever more a goal of leadership education efforts. Accordingly, it is important to explore how dominant leadership models, as blueprints for student leadership development, account for and may unwittingly reinforce systems of domination, like racism. This critical discourse analysis, rooted in racialization and color-evasiveness, examines three prominent college student leadership development models to examine how leaders and leadership are racialized. We find that all three leadership texts frame leaders and leadership in color-evasive ways. Specifically, the texts' discourses reveal three mechanisms for evading race in leadership: focusing on individual identities, emphasizing universality, and centering collaboration. Implications for race in leadership development, the social construction of leadership more broadly, and future scholarship are discussed.
A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF MAINSTREAM COLLEGE STUDENT LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT MODELS


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Photo: Temporary Transfer (flickr)
Most of us are cautious eaters.
If you're munching grapes, you'll probably skip one that's all shriveled and discolored in favor of the round, healthy ones. Likewise, when you choose a can of food at the supermarket, you'll likely choose one that's exactly can-shaped, not one that's misshapen and swollen.
Reasons for swelling
A can of food can swell for two separate reasons. The first is what food scientists call "hydrogen swelling," and it only happens to cans of acidic food such as tomatoes or citrus fruit.
The acids in the food begin to attack and dissolve the metal lining of the can, and one of the by-products of this chemical reaction is hydrogen gas. Because the can is sealed, the gas builds up, causing the can to swell.
Poorly processed foods
The second reason a can swells is the result of poorly processed food. Before it's canned, food needs to be sterilized to remove all the potentially dangerous microorganisms– especially those that can live inside a can without oxygen.
If some of these organisms are left behind, they can thrive in the can, spoiling the food and giving off carbon dioxide gas. In this case, carbon dioxide causes the can to swell.
Tell your grocer
Standing in the supermarket aisle, there's no way you can tell whether a can is swollen because of hydrogen or carbon dioxide gas, but that shouldn't really matter. Assume that the food has spoiled, inform the store manager, and choose a healthy, can-shaped can instead.


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Tanana Flats Training Area (TFTA) occupies 653,746 acres of the Middle Tanana River Basin. The Tanana Flats supports a complex mosaic of ecosystems and is situated on a large alluvial fan and glacial outwash complex built out of the north side of the Alaska Range. Both surface and subsurface water move across the Tanana Flats on a very low gradient originating from mountain glaciers that discharge to the Tanana River. A portion of the groundwater surfaces in springs and diffuse upwellings contributing to an extensive system of fens. The Flats also include a variety of other habitats, such as forests of white spruce, paper birch, and quaking aspen; black spruce bogs; thickets of willow and alder; and grasslands and meadows.
Donnelly Training Area (DTA) occupies 650,000 acres of the middle Tanana River Basin. DTA supports a complex mosaic of ecosystems and is composed of many acres of wetlands, kettle lakes, alpine and tundra habitats. Parts of DTA were designated as an Important Bird Area of World significance by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) for the large numbers of trumpeter swans and sandhill cranes that use the area.
These habitats are important to a variety of songbirds, shorebirds, and upland game birds. Some of the more significant species known to utilize the area are: sandhill crane, trumpeter swans, Canada geese, American wigeon, green-winged teal, mallard, northern pintail, blue-winged teal, northern shoveler, and scaup (both lesser and greater). Other bird species known to use this area include; bald eagles, red-tailed hawks, northern harriers, short-eared owls, northern hawk owls, and numerous small passerine species including warblers, thrushes, blackbirds, and sparrows.


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Blow to the head
Through examining his skeletal remains, scientists found evidence that at a young age, Shanidar 1 experienced a crushing blow to his head. The blow damaged the left eye (possibly blinding him) and the brain area controling the right side of the body, leading to a withered right arm and possible paralysis that also crippled his right leg. One of Shanidar 1's middle foot bones (metatarsal) on his right foot shows a healed fracture, which probably only enhanced his noticeable limp. All of Shanidar 1's injuries show signs of healing, so none of them resulted in his death. In fact, scientists estimate he lived until 35–45 years of age. He would have been considered old to another Neandertal, and he would probably not have been able to survive without the care of his social group.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Variational calculus
physics, mathematical physics, philosophy of physics
Surveys, textbooks and lecture notes
theory (physics), model (physics)
experiment, measurement, computable physics
In physics the critical locus of the action functional, hence the solution space to the partial differential equations of motion is often called the shell, or the physical shell (the diffiety corresponding to the PDE of motion).
This terminology derives from the case of the free relativistic particle propagating in Minkowski spacetime, for which the space of solutions is the hyperbola of vectors whose Minkowski norm square is the mass of the particle. This hyperbola is naturally called the mass shell.
It is common to use the adjective "on-shell" for statements that apply after restriction to the shell, and "off-shell" for statements that apply generally.
For instance Noether's theorem gives for each symmetry of a local Lagrangian an on-shell conserved current, namely a differential form on spacetime, depending on the field configurations, which is closed (only, in general) if the given field configuration satisfies its equations of motion. Such a differential form which is closed even if the equations of motion do not hold would be called an off-shell conserved current.
In terms of variational calculus the field configurations are encoded by a field bundle EE over spacetime/worldvolume Σ\Sigma as being the sections of this bundle. The shell then is encoded by a sub-bundle
J Σ E Σ \array{ \mathcal{E} &&\hookrightarrow && J^\infty_\Sigma E \\ & \searrow && \swarrow \\ && \Sigma }
of the jet bundle J Σ EJ^\infty_\Sigma E of EE, namely the subbundle of those pointwise field configurations with those jets (derivatives) that do solve the equations of motion (see at diffiety).
This way a field configuration given by a section ϕ\phi of EE is a solution to the equations of motion precisely if its jet prolongation, being a section of J Σ EJ^\infty_\Sigma E comes from a section of \mathcal{E} under this inclusion.
If one thinks of all this not as happening in the category of bundles over Σ\Sigma but in the category PDE ΣPDE_\Sigma of partial differential equations over Σ\Sigma, then the above inclusion becomes simply ι:E\iota \colon \mathcal{E} \hookrightarrow E, where now EE is thought of as the trivial partial differential equation on its sections, the one for which each section is a solution. Then a field configuration is just a morphism ϕ:ΣE\phi : \Sigma \longrightarrow E in PDE ΣPDE_\Sigma, and this is a solution precisely if it factors through the inclusion of the shell:
ϕ sol ι Σ ϕ E \array{ && \mathcal{E} \\ & {}^\mathllap{\phi_{sol}}{\nearrow} & \downarrow^{\mathrlap{\iota}} \\ \Sigma &\underset{\phi}{\longrightarrow}& E }
Accordingly, a horizontal form JΩ H p(E)Ω p+1(J Σ E)J \in \Omega^{p}_H(E) \hookrightarrow \Omega^{p+1}(J^\infty_\Sigma E) is an on-shell conserved current if it becomes horizontally closed after restriction to the shell:
ι *d HJ=0. \iota^\ast d_H J = 0 \,.
For (E,L)(E,\mathbf{L}) a Lagrangian field theory, let J Σ (E)\mathcal{E}^\infty \hookrightarrow J^\infty_\Sigma(E) be the prolonged shell.
The following is intuitively obvious but not entirely trivial to prove:
(infinitesimal symmetry of the Lagrangian is also symmetry of the shell)
Let (E,L)(E,\mathbf{L}) be a Lagrangian field theory. Then if v^\hat v is the prolongation of an evolutionary vector field which is an infinitesimal symmetry of the Lagrangian in that the Lie derivative of L\mathbf{L} along v^\hat v is horizontally exact, then the flow of v^\hat v preserves the prolonged shell.
(Olver 95, theorem 5.53)
Last revised on December 11, 2017 at 06:35:02. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.


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Since the 1930s, women have had an important role in documenting, preserving and celebrating Florida's diverse cultural heritage. March is Women's History Month, and in this podcast we will recognize and give voice to some of these women.
We begin with Eatonville native Zora Neale Hurston, who documented turpentine workers in Cross City, Florida as part of the Works Progress Administration's Federal Writers' Project. Through her essay "Turpentine," and field recordings, Hurston captured unique, first-hand accounts of day-to-day life in the turpentine camps, and the traditions that were an integral part of the workers' culture.
During the same time Zora Neale Hurston was conducting fieldwork in Florida, Sarah Gertrude Knott founded both the National Folk Festival and the National Folk Festival Association in 1934; among the earliest advisors for these endeavors was Ms. Hurston. In 1952, under contract from the Stephen Foster Memorial Commission, Knott organized the first Florida Folk Festival and formed the Florida Folk Festival Association. She also served as director of the first two Florida Folk Festivals in 1953 and 1954.
Succeeding Sarah Gertrude Knott as director of the Florida Folk Festival from _PHONE_ was "Cousin" Thelma Boltin from Gainesville. In addition to sharing her gifts as a storyteller, organizer and emcee, Cousin Thelma—a title earned from her familial rapport with festival participants—scouted the state for folk artists to recruit for the festival. With the help of Barbara Beauchamp, Boltin established the Florida Folk Festival in White Springs as a valuable institution for sharing and celebrating the state's varied traditions.
The success of the Florida Folk Festival brought the Stephen Foster Memorial Center a grant from the National Endowment of the Arts, and the Florida Folklife Program was instituted in 1976. Dr. Peggy Bulger was Florida's first State Folklorist, founding and administering the Florida Folklife Program from _PHONE_. She created a large body of fieldwork which laid the foundations for the Florida Folklife Collection, and instituted valuable outreach programs such as apprenticeships, educational videos and publications, workshops and exhibits. Dr. Bulger went on to serve as the Senior Program Officer for the Southern Arts Federation, and later as director of the Library of Congress' American Folklife Center.
With the establishment of the Florida Folklife Program came significant contributions from many other women. Working alongside Peggy Bulger was Brenda McCallum, who was instrumental in documenting and establishing contacts in Florida's communities. She also played an important role in developing the Florida Folklife Program Archive, and today the American Folklore Society awards a prize in her honor to institutions and individuals working with folklife collections. Tina Bucuvalas served as the State Folklorist from _PHONE_, though her work in the Florida Folklife Program dates back to 1986 with the Miami-Dade Folklife Survey. She currently serves as Curator of Arts and Historical Resources for the City of Tarpon Springs, and recently edited The Florida Folklife Reader.
The list of women who have been integral to the research, documentation and teaching of Florida's folk traditions continues with Lillian Saunders, Merri Belland, Doris Dyen, Nancy Nusz, Riki Saltzman, Jan Rosenberg, Debbie Fant, Andrea Graham, Laurie Sommers, Mary Anne McDonald, Teresa Hollingsworth, and Betsy Peterson. As part of the Florida Folklife Collection, the recordings in this podcast provide a unique look into to some of the methods, philosophies and motivations behind the work of folklorists.
This podcast features songs, stories, speeches and interviews from Zora Neale Hurston, Sarah Gertrude Knott, Thelma Boltin, Peggy Bulger, and Doris Dyen.


text: Weak memory models provide a complex, system-centric semantics for concurrent programs, while transactional memory (TM) provides a simpler, programmer-centric semantics. Both have been studied in detail, but their combined semantics is not well understood. This is problematic because such widely-used architectures and languages as x86, Power, and C++ all support TM, and all have weak memory models. Our work aims to clarify the interplay between weak memory and TM by extending existing axiomatic weak memory models (x86, Power, ARMv8, and C++) with new rules for TM. Our formal models are backed by automated tooling that enables (1) the synthesis of tests for validating our models against existing implementations and (2) the model-checking of TM-related transformations, such as lock elision and compiling C++ transactions to hardware. A key finding is that a proposed TM extension to ARMv8 currently being considered within ARM Research is incompatible with lock elision without sacrificing portability or performance.


Brief overview of The Republic of Buryatia
The Republic of Buryatia is a subject of the Russian Federation and is part of the Far Eastern Federal District. Ulan-Ude is the administrative-economic and cultural center of the republic. The distance by rail from Ulan-Ude to Moscow is 5519 km, and to the Pacific ocean- 3,500 km.
The Republic of Buryatia was founded in 1923. Buryatia covers an area of 351,300 km2. Buryatia is located in the southern part of Eastern Siberia, to the south and to the east of Lake Baikal. In the south, the Republic of Buryatia borders Mongolia, in the south-west - with the Republic of Tuva, in the north-west - with the Irkutsk region, in the east - with the Chita region.
There are 21 municipal districts, 2 city districts, 263 urban and rural settlements in the Republic.
As of January 1, 2013 the total resident population was 971.8 thousand people, the average population density was 3.0 inhabitants per 1 square kilometer. The national composition of the republic, according to the 2010 census, is as follows:
- Russians - 66.1%,
- Buryats - 30%,
- Ukrainians - 0.6%,
- Others - 3.3%.
The territory of Buryatia inhabited by representatives of small indigenous peoples:
- Evenks - 0.3%
- Soyots - 0.4%
of the total population.
The climate of Buryatia is sharply continental, with cold winters and hot summers. Winter is cold, with dry frost and a small amount of snow. Spring is windy, with frost and almost no rainfall. Summer is short, with hot days and cool nights, with heavy rainfall in July and August. Autumn comes imperceptibly, without a sharp change in the weather, in some years it happens to be long and warm. The average air temperature in summer is +18.5 ° C, in winter - 22 °C, and the average annual temperature is -1.6 ° C. During the year, average rainfall of 244 millimetres.
Within the Republic there is a large part (about 60% of the coastline) of Lake Baikal - the deepest freshwater lake in the world. The length of Lake Baikal is 636 km., width is from 25 to 79 km. The total length of the Baikal coastline is 2100 km, and the total area of water is 31.5 thousand square meters. The maximum depth is 1637 m., the average depth is 730 m. Lake Baikal is the natural reservoir of the fifth part of the world's fresh water supply of the highest quality. The lake has 2500 different species of animals and fish, 250 of which are endemic.
The Republic of Buryatia is one of the most promising regions of Russia in terms of tourist-recreational potential. The development of tourism is facilitated by a convenient geographical location, the richest historical, cultural and natural resources, a developed transport system linking the republic with the regions of Russia and with foreign countries, a stable ecological situation, peaceful coexistence of religions, and the growing popularity of Baikal.


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Welcome to our comprehensive guide on Concrete Driveways and their impact on Property Taxes. In this detailed exploration, we delve into the crucial relationship between these two aspects of homeownership. Understanding how concrete driveways can influence property taxes is essential for homeowners looking to make informed decisions about their property investments.
The Durability of Concrete Driveways
Concrete driveways are renowned for their durability and longevity. Unlike other materials, such as asphalt, concrete driveways can withstand heavy loads and harsh weather conditions. This durability not only ensures a long-lasting and resilient driveway but also adds value to your property.
Property Value Enhancement
One of the primary factors that contribute to property tax assessments is the overall value of your home. A well-maintained and aesthetically pleasing concrete driveway can significantly enhance your property's curb appeal. As property assessors often consider the exterior features of a home, a properly installed and visually appealing concrete driveway can positively impact your property value.
Cost-Effectiveness of Concrete Driveways
Investing in a concrete driveway is not only a smart choice for its durability but also for its long-term cost-effectiveness. While the initial installation cost may be higher than some alternatives, the minimal maintenance requirements and extended lifespan make it a financially prudent choice in the long run. This is an important consideration for homeowners aiming to maximize the value of their property without incurring frequent repair expenses.
In an era where environmental consciousness is paramount, concrete driveways emerge as an eco-friendly option. The manufacturing process of concrete involves fewer pollutants compared to alternative materials. Additionally, the reflective properties of concrete contribute to lower energy consumption, as it helps to keep surrounding areas cooler. These eco-friendly features not only align with sustainability goals but also enhance the overall attractiveness of your property in the eyes of potential buyers.
Property Taxes and Concrete Driveways
Now, let's address the connection between concrete driveways and property taxes. Property tax assessments are influenced by various factors, and the quality of your property's infrastructure plays a pivotal role. A well-constructed concrete driveway is a tangible asset that can positively impact the assessed value of your property.
How Property Assessors Evaluate Concrete Driveways
Property assessors consider several factors when evaluating concrete driveways:
The type and quality of the materials used in your concrete driveway significantly affect its assessment. High-quality materials contribute to longevity and are viewed favorably by assessors.
The skill and craftsmanship employed during installation also play a crucial role. A professionally installed concrete driveway not only looks appealing but also assures assessors of its durability.
Curb appeal matters, even when it comes to driveways. A well-designed and aesthetically pleasing concrete driveway can positively influence property tax assessments.
In conclusion, a concrete driveway is not just a functional aspect of your property but a strategic investment that can positively impact property taxes. By understanding the correlation between the durability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness of concrete driveways, homeowners can make informed decisions that enhance both the quality of their living space and the overall value of their property.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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How to Activate Verizon's Small Business Call Forwarding
Operating a business places many demands on your time, and sometimes it just isn't possible to handle everything within a given time frame. If you're torn between waiting for a phone call and leaving for your next appointment, it might be time to set up call forwarding on your business line. Telephone companies such as Verizon enable you to forward calls from your business line to a cellular phone or other alternative number, helping you stay in touch when you're out of the office.
Dial *72 on your telephone's keypad. If your phone is a vintage model and doesn't support tone dialing, dial the number 1172 instead. The dial tone will pause and then return.
Punch in or dial the forwarding telephone number. This might be your cellular number, another branch of your business, or a home or satellite office. The number will ring.
Answer the phone, if it's your cellular. If the phone is in a remote location, arrange to have someone else answer it for you. You'll hear two tones, indicating that call forwarding is turned on. Hang up the receiver. If you can't arrange for someone to answer the other telephone, repeat your call within two minutes. Verizon will recognize this as a signal to turn on your forwarding, and you'll hear the same two short tones to tell you it's active.
Disable call forwarding when you return to the office, by lifting the receiver and entering *73 on the keypad. You'll hear a confirmation tone to let you know call forwarding is turned off.
- Justin Sullivan/Getty Images News/Getty Images


Frog-Friendly Gardens
For most people making your garden a friendly area for frogs seems like a strange idea, but what we often don't have is understanding. These often misunderstood amphibians are one of the nicest critters you can attract to your garden. In many ways frogs can be amazing survivors, however changing habitats over the years have caused them great distress and they are disappearing at an alarming rate [1]. You should keep in mind that introducing non-native frogs to the local ecosystem is a pretty bad idea, sometimes even forbidden by laws and for a good reason [2]. You can, however do your best to attract the local frogs to your garden, as they will be quite useful and great companions.
Frog pond by Eagle lake in Acadia National Park, Mount Desert Island, Maine. Photo by JR Libby.
 - You would do well to avoid simply introducing the frogs into your Bayswater garden, instead you should do your best to invite them by creating the right conditions for that.
 - If you happen to have kids living with you, then they can learn to interact with the frogs. There is nothing to fear from most common variety frogs, so they can even be caught and picked up, just remember to treat them with respect and care.
 - You can make a useful garden pond to allow amphibians to live there, but that means your pond will need to have shallow edges that taper off into surrounding moist vegetation, such as nice and leafy mulch. Frogs will need shelter from summer heat, though they tend to enjoy moving around most after moist and rainy weather. Overhanging trees are welcome, as long as they don't completely cover the pond in shade, as the frogs will still need sunlight. You need to use a good mix of native pond plants, such as marsh marigolds, water violets and the like if you want to have good vegetation around and in your pond. Check a garden center for more information and the type of plants in your area you can use. Your pond should be about 2-3 feet in depth for optimal conditions.
 - Another thing worth mentioning is that frogs will keep most insects away from your garden, since they dine on moths, mosquitoes, slugs, snails, flies, cockroaches, beetles and more. If you have a good combination of plants and shrubs native to the area as well as mulching your garden beds and keeping a good compost heap, then you will have a garden much more welcoming for amphibian guests.
 - Having a good garden pond will also improve the conditions where they can breed in peace, but it mostly depends on how much peace they get while living there. Shade and good plant life will create exactly what they need for living there.
 - There are some things to watch out for, which can be hazardous to frogs. If you do have frogs in your garden, you should pay special attention at all times when you're using a string trimmer or mowing, or else you may hurt or even kill them. You must use a nylon mesh to keep your garden plants protected and that its size is good enough, such as at least 2 inches, as this will keep them away.
1. Why are Frogs Disappearing?
2. Why Are Coqui Frogs a Problem in Hawai'i?
Ella Andrews, bloggerGuest post by Ella Andrews, who is a writer and blogger with great flair for gardening and landscaping. She is focused on writing the best possible way and is always searching for new inspiration sources. Her present article offers non traditional methods for garden care.
Enhancing Your Eco-Friendly Garden to Attract Frogs and Toads
Guest post by Jeriann Watkins
There are a few different reasons you might want frogs and toads in your garden. They do a great job of keeping bugs away. They're fun to watch after rainstorms when they hop in puddles and through wet grass. They serenade you to sleep at night (ok, that may be a bad thing, depending on whether you like croaky serenades).
As much as you may like frogs and want them in your yard, you should never take it on yourself to place them there. Frogs do not do well when removed from their habitats. Also, you want to be sure that your garden is home to native species, not invasive ones that will do more to harm your private ecosystem than help.
The best way to attract any wildlife to your garden is to emulate what the land would do itself. Trees, shrubs, bushes, and vegetation that would normally grow in your area are most likely to attract native insects, which will in turn attract frogs and toads.
To the human eye, frogs are pretty unassuming. Some people don't like the slimy appearance. Whatever your opinion, you probably don't see them as vicious. But they are fierce predators with large appetites, so if you have the environment and the bugs, they will come.
Courtesy of New England Nature Notes: Image copyright Daniel E. Levenson 2013.
Choose plants that retain moisture and offer shade. Frogs love cool damp environments, mostly out of necessity. Mulch and compost piles are also great for attracting frogs. They're a).moist b). full of bugs and c).dark.
There are a lot of plants that are poisonous to frogs. If you have a vegetable garden, you'll want to avoid planting these items near your pond or areas where frogs are likely to congregate:
Eggplant, Rhubarb, Snowpeas, Potatoes
For landscaping and flower gardens, you'll want to avoid:
Honeysuckle, Azalea, Hydrangea, Daffodils, Hyacinth
For more info, check out this more exhaustive list of plants that are poisonous for amphibians and reptiles.
Frogs and toads are important for the environment, and are great for maintaining healthy eco-systems. While displacing wildlife to improve your garden will always backfire, you can enhance your garden and landscape to attract creatures that do need food sources and shelter. It's a symbiotic relationship in that you're helping them so they can help you.


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Giant Coal-Derived Gas Fields and Their Gas Sources in China presents a thorough look at 32 coal-derived gas fields in China. This reference book includes two main parts, the first discussing the geologic characteristics of the tectonic, stratigraphy, source and cap rock assemblage for the accumulation periods.
The second part features multiple differential indexes, charts, phase states (gas, liquid, solid), and the methods used to determine the sources of the coal-derived giant gas fields. As the first comprehensive coverage of the methods of gas to source correlation in China, this book will be a classic reference for researchers working in natural gas geology and geochemistry, and teachers working in universities around the world.
- Provides geochemical data of the coal-derived giant gas fields, guaranteeing the reliability of the research
- Integrates various indexes, charts, phase states (gas, liquid, solid), and methods to determine the sources of the coal-derived giant gas fields
- Provides numerous data and case studies of gas fields from coal source rock, giving readers a unique reference for the petroleum geochemistry and geology market
Researchers working in oil and gas geology, teachers and students in petroleum universities, and as a reference for their technical and administrative staff.
- Large Gas Fields and Their Significances in the Natural Gas Industry
- Large Coal-derived Gas Fields and Their Gas Sources in the Ordos Basin
- Large Coal-derived Gas Fields and Their Gas Sources in the Sichuan Basin
- Large Coal-derived Gas Fields and Their Gas Sources in the Tarim Basin
- Large Coal-derived Gas Fields and Their Gas Sources in the Junggar Basin
- Large Coal-derived Gas Fields and Their Gas Sources in the Songliao Basin
- Coal-derived Gas Fields and the Offshore Gas Sources of China
- No. of pages:
- © Academic Press 2016
- 2nd June 2016
- Academic Press
- eBook ISBN:
- Hardcover ISBN:
Prof. Dai was elected as a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in October, 1995 and a member of International Academy of Sciences for Europe and Asia on December, 2012. Prof. Dai has been engaged in the geological and geochemical research work of natural gas in the past 40 years. He has established the coal-derived gas theory in China which shed lights on a brand new exploration field for natural gas in the country; and made great contributions to establish the first batch of abiogenic alkane gas fields and abiogenic CO2 gas fields and their geochemical characteristics;. He has made a distinguished contribution to the identification of natural gases with different genetic types; made significant contribution to the formation condition, quantitative and semi-quantitative controlling factors, and the prediction of favorable areas prediction of giant gas fields in China;. Professor Dai has made initiative contributions to the geochemical research on unconventional natural gas (coalbed methane, tight sand gas and shale gas) in China. In a word, systematic and creative contributions have been made by Prof. Dai which that improves fostered the rapid development of the Chinese natural gas industry.
Professor, Academician of Chinese Science Institute.


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This week's questions:
- Why were there no U.S. competitors in 1912 when swimming events for women were introduced at the Olympics?
- What was the first single-letter ticker symbol on the Nasdaq stock exchange?
- What popular fruit was declared a vegetable in a unanimous 1893 U.S. Supreme Court decision?
- What nation's flag most closely resembles the U.S. Stars and Stripes?
- What two-time Oscar-winning best actor challenged Paul McCartnet to write a song on the spot–and lost?
This week's answers:
- The United States would not permit women to compete in events in which they couldn't wear long skirts.
- Z–for Zillow, the Seattle-based real-estate website, in 2011.
- The tomato.
- 4. Liberia's. Modeled after Old Glory and adopted in 1847, it features 11 alternating red and white stripes, with a single five-pointed white star on a field of blue in the upper left corner.
- Dustin Hoffman, in 1973. McCartney, asked by Hoffman how he came up with the songs, answered that he just made them up.
Source: Workman Publishing/"Page-A-Day"


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TIRANA, August 13
Bioenergy can be a determinant of the competitiveness of Albanian indoor farmers, and some are already expecting to reap the benefits of alternative sources of energy.
The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) recently wrote about a pilot project with Albanian farmers in Lushnja, who are including bioenergy technologies on greenhouse farming.
Switching from fossil fuels to bioenergy not only reduces greenhouse emission, but it also fuels economic growth.
Biomass heating boilers are used instead of old diesel boilers. They burn olive pits taken from a local olive oil mill. Other biomass sources include wood, sawdust, bark, agricultural waste, etc.
All these sources of energy are cheaper and environmentally friendly compared to fossil fuels. The cost of olive pomace per ton is Euro 100 and a greenhouse needs about 20 tons per year.
According to UNIDO, one of the farmers in Lushnja that is using two biomass boilers in tomato greenhouses is going to have three harvests per year instead of two.
Currently, Albania ranks first in the region for the volume of tomatoes exported to the European Union (EU). They are exported fresh without having to be frozen. The farmer from Lushnja said for UNIDO that largest part of his greenhouse's production is exported to Germany by truck. The produce reaches its destination fresh, thus the farmer can sell them at a higher price.
The high cost of the biomass boilers can discourage farmers given that one costs €75,000. The farmer from Lushnja was able to afford them because of the support offered by a project implemented UNIDO in partnership with the Global Environment Facility and loan from a second-tier bank that's part of the project.
On his part, Mark Draeck, an Industrial Development Officer at UNIDO said that they expect the uptake of biomass in the industry to not only reduce Albania's greenhouse gas emissions by replacing fossil fuels but also to increase the country's competitiveness and create employment.
"Currently, ten enterprises have completed the application process for UNIDO support. The project hopes to involve at least 15 enterprises as pilot projects that will serve as examples to encourage other financial institutions, local banks, and local governments to support similar initiatives in the rest of Albania," UNIDO says.


text:
- spelunker •
Pronunciation: spee-lêng-kêr • Hear it!
Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning: An amateur cave explorer, a cave enthusiast, a person whose hobby it is to explore caves, (British) a potholer.
Notes: "Well, if spelunkers are amateurs," I hear you ask, "what are professionals who explore caves scientifically called?" They are called speleologists and their discipline is called speleology. The formations found in caves—stalagmites, stalactites, and such—are known as speleothems by speleologists.
In Play: Unlike troglodyte "cave-dweller", today's word refers to those who only explore caves: "The Spelunker's Club gathers for their monthly meetings in a nearby cave." We can, however, bring this word out into the light, even if we have trouble bringing spelunkers out: "The weather was so dark and cold that not even spelunkers would have enjoyed the picnic."
Word History: This word started out as a lexical plaything in the US in the 1940s, but has since acquired an air of legitimacy. It apparently is based on Latin spelunca "cave, cavern", which Latin took from Greek spelunx (spelunk-s) "cave, cavern". It appears in several other Western European languages, including Dutch spelonk and German spelunke, both meaning "cave". The English suffix -er is an uncomfortable fit for nouns (although less so in Britain (footballer, for example). It is doubly uncomfortable when added to a Latin root. Still, it seems to have found a comfortable place for itself within the English vocabulary. How this word came to be in ancient Greek is one of many great mysteries of etymology. (We thank Kathi Kitao of Kyoto, Japan, for bringing today's Good Word to the surface and shairing it with us.)


What is an FBI 302? The Problematic Nature of FBI Agents' Interview Memos
Writing correspondenceBy: Sara Kropf
Former FBI Director James Comey apparently wrote a memo summarizing his meeting with President Trump. The memo purportedly recounts the president's statement saying he "hoped" that Comey would drop the investigation into the ties between his campaign and the Russians.
There's nothing surprising about an FBI agent formalizing notes of a conversation. It's SOP. In any white-collar criminal investigation, FBI agents' notes of conversations with witnesses are often key evidence of a possible crime.
Let's take a closer look at how a witness interview gets memorialized into an interview memo or, in white-collar parlance, a "302."
The Witness Interview
An FBI agent named Amy Silver, with her partner Agent Stanley Starley, knocks on the door of the house of a witness in a criminal investigation one evening. We'll call the witness Jack McKinley. He's a supervisor at a pharmaceutical company, overseeing many sales reps who visit doctors. Mr. McKinley comes to the door. He's surprised to see them. After Agent Silver identifies herself and Starley, though, Mr. McKinley agrees to answer some questions for a few minutes.
"I have nothing to hide," he thinks. He doesn't have a lawyer there and it's too awkward to ask to get a notepad to take some notes himself.
They sit in his living room. Agent Silver asks questions about whether Mr. McKinley knew that anyone at his company was bribing doctors to get their Medicare business. Throughout the interview, Agent Starley takes handwritten notes of Mr. McKinley's answers. Two hours later, after the interview, the agents thank Mr. McKinley and leave. Mr. McKinley's not worried; he told the truth. He puts the interview behind him.
The agents' work is not done, though. Using his handwritten notes scribbled during the two-hour long interview, Starley takes his handwritten notes and types them up into an interview memo using FBI form FD-302. He may do this the next day or a month later.
Mr. McKinley never sees the 302 until two years later when he's confronted with it as he prepares to testify before a grand jury.
What is a 302?
FBI form FD-302 has space to list the name of the agents, the date of the interview, the name of the interviewee, the place of the interview and so forth. Then it allows the agent to draft a memo—in paragraph form—of what the witness said. It can be one page long or twenty pages long, depending on the length of the interview.
The memo section of a 302 is the key part. This is a combination of what the agent was able to write down during the interview and his recollection. It may list the questions and the answers or simply be a narrative of what the witness said.
The witness generally doesn't see the 302 or get a chance to correct any mistakes he thinks are in it before it is finalized.
What's the Problem?
As an associate at a big firm for many years, I wrote a lot of interview memos. It's never a perfect process. First of all, taking handwritten notes to capture a conversation is inherently difficult. People talk faster than anyone can write. If it's a complicated topic, such as accounting fraud dealing with complex GAAP rules, then it's nearly impossible to be completely accurate because you are simultaneously listening to the witness, trying to understand what he is saying and summarizing it by hand.
Second, relying in part on memory to draft an interview memo is equally troubling. Memory is a funny thing and not all that reliable. If you draft the memo the next day after the interview, then your memory may be passable. But wait a week or two and you are guaranteed to get something wrong or leave out something important. Using memory is a necessary evil when it comes to interview memos given that handwritten notes are not perfect.
Third, turning notes of an interview into a coherent summary is challenging. Verbal conversations often veer from topic to topic. That's just the nature of how we talk with each other. Witnesses meander during answers or don't answer the question directly. They don't understand the question or they answer a different question. There are tangents and diversions. The task is doubly onerous if the witness is deliberately evasive. Answers that made perfect sense at the time you wrote the notes turn incomprehensible when you draft the memo.
Fourth, there's no requirement that the FBI agent write down everything the witness says or that the agent take any notes at all. There's nothing to prevent the agent from stopping the note-taking if the witness says something helpful to the target of the investigation. Because it's nearly impossible to obtain the handwritten notes underlying a 302 during discovery, the FBI is not concerned that anyone can prove a conflict between the notes and the final 302 anyway.
How Does the Government Use 302s?
You may think that a 302 is simply an interview memo.
It's not. It's much more.
302s are a powerful tool for a prosecutor. Since the witness doesn't generally take notes during an interview, it's the only contemporaneous document capturing what was said. Plus, it's the "official" record of the interview. It's on a nice, official-looking form. The agent signs it, verifying its accuracy. Very credible stuff to a jury.
The time lapse between the interview and the use of the 302 works to the government's advantage as well. White-collar investigations take a while. When Mr. McKinley is called to testify before the grand jury a few years later, he won't remember what he said during the interview with any real clarity. The government can use the 302 to refresh his memory, whether the memo is 100% accurate or not.
As many other commentators have noted, an aggressive prosecutor can also use a 302 to intimidate a witness into cooperating by threatening a felony charge against the witness.
Going back to our example, let's say Mr. McKinley told the agents during his interview that his co-workers didn't bribe any doctors for Medicare business. But the agent writes down that Mr. McKinley said that his co-workers did bribe doctors. During the prep session with the government before his grand jury testimony, he tells the prosecutors that the co-workers never bribed anyone. They whip out the 302, showing him that, two years ago, he said that they did.
Mr. McKinley is now under incredible pressure to testify consistently with what was written in the 302 by Agent Starley, even if it is not correct. If he gives testimony different from what's written in the 302, then Mr. McKinley opens himself up to a felony charge either for lying during the grand jury testimony (perjury) or making a false statement to the agent during the original interview.
A witness who was not represented by counsel during the interview cannot effectively challenge the accuracy of the 302. It becomes a witness-said/agent-said situation. And who is the jury going to believe? Two clean-cut FBI agents who insist the 302 is an accurate summary of what the witness said, or the witness?
In other words, a witness can be effectively coerced into testifying not to the truth of what happened but the "truth" as it was captured by the handwritten notes of an FBI agent. As explained above, the witness notes may not be accurate for all sorts of innocent reasons. It also may not be accurate because an FBI agent has a strong interest in finding evidence of a crime.
The only silver lining to this whole situation is that 302s that capture exculpatory statements about the defendant must be disclosed under Brady, and the government must disclose 302s for testifying witnesses under the Jencks Act. 302s are a very effective discovery tool when they are disclosed to the defense after indictment. After a long investigation, you can finally learn what the witnesses said (or what the FBI agents heard).
This silver lining only benefits the defendant, not poor Mr. McKinley, who is still stuck between a rock and a hard place.
Why Doesn't the FBI Record Every Interview?
You may be wondering why the FBI doesn't simply record every interview, given all the issues I've described. That would fix the problem, right? No one could dispute what was asked or what the witness answered.
The reason is that the official DOJ policy is not to record witness interviews. A 2006 FBI memorandum explained that recording interviews would impede the FBI's ability to successfully question witnesses. (Why this is absurd is a topic for another day.)
In 2014, DOJ issued guidance creating a "presumption" that the FBI would record interviews of people in federal custody.
This is only a presumption and not a requirement. Plus, the policy doesn't cover most witnesses in white-collar cases (like our beleaguered Mr. McKinley) who are not in custody when they are questioned.
The same 2014 guidance "encourage[d] agents and prosecutors to consider electronic recording in investigative or other circumstances when the presumption does not apply." To this day, I've never seen an agent record an interview so it's safe to assume agents are not accepting the kind invitation to record the interviews.
Why would they? The system works just fine.
For the FBI.
 1. Very good and informative article, thanks for writing it. I just have one question, are you allowed to record the interview yourself? i.e. with an audio recording device, not just your own notes. I would assume any notes you took would also turn into a witness-said/agent-said situation. Also I would think it would be hard to prove that your notes


Exception as e:
 print(e)
 return str(e)
 7. Use the gcloud run deploy run-function command to deploy the Cloud Run container:
 gcloud run deploy run-function
 --image gcr.io/PROJECT_ID/restricted-function-caller
 --no-allow-unauthenticated
 --update-env-vars=URL=https://SERVICE_REGION-PROJECT_ID.cloudfunctions.net/restricted-function-caller
 --vpc-egress=all
 --vpc-connector=serverless-connector
 --region=SERVICE_REGION
 where:
 - PROJECT_ID is the project ID.
 - SERVICE_REGION is a region for your connector; this must match the region of your serverless service. If your service is in the region us-central or europe-west, use us-central1 or europe-west1.
 The Cloud Run run-function service is now set to send a GET request via the VPC connector to the network-restricted function.
Routing function egress through your VPC network
VPC networks in Google Cloud support a rich set of configurations and networking features. By routing egress traffic from your function into your VPC network, you can ensure that Cloud Functions egress traffic follows your VPC network's firewall, DNS, routing, and other rules, and you can use products such as Cloud NAT.
 1. Set up a VPC network. Configure an existing VPC network or create a new one by following the guide at Using VPC networks.
 2. Set up a Serverless VPC Access connector. Cloud Functions need a Serverless VPC Access connector to route traffic into your VPC network. Create a connector and set up the appropriate permissions by following the instructions at Connecting to a VPC network.
 3. Deploy a function that uses the connector and route all egress through. the connector.** Use the Google Cloud console or the gcloud command-line tool:
 Console
 1. Open the Functions Overview page in the Google Cloud console:
 Go to the Cloud Functions Overview page
 2. Click Create function. Alternatively, click an existing function to go to its details page, and click Edit.
 3. Expand the advanced settings by clicking Environment variables, networking, timeouts and more.
 4. In the Connections section, under Egress settings, select your Serverless VPC Access connector and select Route all traffic through the VPC connector.
 gcloud
 Use the gcloud functions deploy command:
 gcloud functions deploy FUNCTION_NAME \
 --vpc-connector CONNECTOR_NAME \
 --egress-settings all \
 FLAGS...

After you deploy your function, all traffic originating from your function is routed through your VPC network and adheres to the rules set on your VPC network. Note that your function is unable to access the public internet unless you configure Cloud NAT. Further note that you need your Cloud NAT to map all primary and secondary IP ranges for all subnets to the NAT gateway, in order to include the connector's subnet in the mapping.
Associating function egress with a static IP address
In some cases, you might want traffic originating from your function to be associated with a static IP address. For example, this is useful if you are calling an external service that only allows requests from explicitly specified IP addresses.
 1. Route your function's egress through your VPC network. See the previous section, Routing function egress through your VPC network.
 2. Set up Cloud NAT and specify a static IP address. Follow the guides at Specify subnet ranges for NAT and Specify IP addresses for NAT to set up Cloud NAT for the subnet associated with your function's Serverless VPC Access connector. As stated above, you need your Cloud NAT to map all primary and secondary IP ranges for all subnets to the NAT gateway, in order to include the connector's subnet in the mapping.
Multi-region load balancing
You can deploy a function to different regions, and allow the request to be be sent to the closest healthy region. To achieve this, you need to set up a serverless network endpoint group (NEG) for the function and connect it to a load balancer, as described in Setting up an HTTP(S) load balancer with serverless NEGs.


text:
Weak pulse; Absent pulse
Definition of Pulse – weak or absent
A weak pulse means you have difficulty feeling a person's pulse (heartbeat). An absent pulse means you cannot detect a pulse at all.
Linda Vorvick, MD, Family Physician, Seattle Site Coordinator, Lecturer, Pathophysiology, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc. – 2/22/2009


text:
How did The Book Fairies celebrate International Women's Day?
Book Fairies around the world celebrated International Women's Day by hiding copies of Our Shared Shelf books – and there are still more to find on the 9th!
Emma Watson is a Book Fairy for the day
We must admit, we had an extra pair of hands on the day – Emma Watson hid books around places of significance to women and the feminist movement. Did you spot one?
The places Emma visited:
The Gertrude Stein statue: Gertrude Stein was an American novelist, poet, playwright and art collector. She was a leading figure in modernism in literature and art in the early 20th century. She wrote Tender Buttons and Three Lives, as well as work dealing with homosexual themes.
The Joan of Arc statue: The statue of French patriot and saint Joan of Arc was sculpted by a woman, Anna Vaughn Hyatt Huntington, in 1915. It was the very first statue depicting a non-fictional woman in NYC and was the only one until the 1980s.
Blue Stockings: a radical bookstore which holds regular events, including a feminist book club.
Harriet Tubman memorial: Harriet Tubman was an American abolitionist and humanitarian. Born into slavery in 1822, she escaped and subsequently rescued around seventy enslaved families and friends. After the American civil war she became an active participant in the struggle for women's suffrage.
Harriet Truman statue: Eleanor Roosevelt was the longest-serving First Lady in US history and she later served as the US delegate to the United Nations. She was the first chair of the UN Commission on Human Rights and also oversaw the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
You can see all her videos and pictures on Emma's instagram.
The books Emma dropped:
My Life on the Road by Gloria Steinem
The Color Purple by Alice Walker
Persepolis by Marjane Satrapi
How to be a Woman by Caitlin Moran
Mom & Me & Mom by Maya Angelou
Half the Sky by Sheryl WuDunn and Nicholas Kristof


SQL Book
The SQL Union command can be used to combine the output from 2 or more SELECT statements into 1 resultset. This article explains the syntax and rules of the UNION command and gives real world examples of it in use.
SELECT [ColumnName,...]
SELECT [ColumnName,...]
UNION rules for success
The syntax for the UNION command is very simple but there are some rules that must be followed for the command to work correctly.
 - The SELECT statements must select the same number of columns
 - The columns selected in the different SELECT statements must be in the same order
 - The corresponding columns from each SELECT statement must either be of the same data type or be able to be converted (either implicitly or explicitly using a SQL function such as CAST).
Real world example
In the following example for an e-commerce website that has a shopping cart and message forum on it we want to generate a resultset of users who we can send the sites monthly email newsletter to. To do this we want to combine the user information from the Customer table with user information from the ForumUser table:
SELECT FirstName, LastName, Email, DateLastOrder
FROM Customer
WHERE ReceiveNewsletter = 1
SELECT FirstName, FamilyName, EmailAddress, DateLastPost
FROM ForumUser
WHERE SendNewsletter = 1
The output of this query would look similar to the following:
Jimi Hendrix _EMAIL_ 10/10/2007
Bob Marley _EMAIL_ 05/01/2007
Fred Bloggs _EMAIL_ 09/10/2007
We can see that the single resultset that is made from the UNION command always takes its column headings from the first SELECT statement in the UNION.
It is also important to identify that the UNION removes any duplicate (non distinct) rows from the resultset. This means that in the example above if a user was in both the Customer table and the ForumUser table and the corresponding Email addresses were the same and the LastOrderDate and LastPostDate were the same then only one or these 2 rows would be included in the resultset. By chance it happens that for the above example this is a beneficial aspect of the UNION command as we would not want to send the newsletter to the same email addresss twice. There may be times however when we want to include all the duplicate rows and to do this we simply modify the UNION command to include the ALL keyword.
SELECT Column1, Column2 FROM Table1
SELECT Column1, Column2 FROM Table2
SELECT Column1, Column2 FROM Table3
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Are first person shooters healthy for kids?
Asked by: Sofias4
 - Not necessarily healthy but not negative
 Many video games including first person shooters help kids strenghthen hand eye coordination skills. But the problem is kids aren't really supposed to play them in the first place, most fps games are rated mature and there's a reason for that so if you don't want your child exposed to violence then don't give them access to the game.
 - Yes, if Done Well
 While it is true that many major titles like Call of Duty or Battlefield are arcade-like and not representative of reality, other games like Arma or Red Orchestra 2 are more accurate. It's not like the glorification of war is exclusive to video games; it has been in every form of entertainment media to date. I can't even begin to count the number of movies that fit the bill. Some games like Spec Ops: The Line actually provide really insightful commentary on war. Others are outright shy down by critics from the community for being too accurate.
 - Not healthy for kids
 It makes the kids want to be like the people in the game. Have you ever heard the stories about those kids shooting people? The rate of kids killing people are rising and i think it is because of games like these. I would let my kid play these games until he was probably 15
 - No, they are not
 No they are not healthy to kids for a number of reasons (not to say that there are no positive aspects to these games), firstly they give kids a false sense of what real war is like and therefore desensitize them to that kind of thing, secondly its gives them false ideas about the physical limits of the human body (in no way am i saying this applies to all kids, but mostly younger ones), for example healing quickly after being shot, being able to be shot with multiple bullets and still survive and lastly i must say that this definitely does not apply to all kids, but it does to the majority of them, so no, i do not think that they are exactly healthy for kids.
 - No, not healthy.
 First person shooters aren't exactly "bad" for kids, they provide entertainment and there's no evidence to support that they negatively affect mentally stable children. However, they're not "healthy". A child who plays fps's isn't going to be any healthier, mentally, emotionally, or physically, than a child who doesn't. Playing shooters isn't hurting children, but it's not improving their health.
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text:
How many Boston priests went to jail?
In 2002, criminal charges were brought against five Roman Catholic priests in the Boston, Massachusetts area (John Geoghan, John Hanlon, Paul Shanley, Robert V. Gale and Jesuit priest James Talbot) who were all convicted and sentenced to prison.
How many priests have been excommunicated?
The AP found that in all, roughly 110 clergy members moved or were suspected of moving out of the U.S. after allegations were made. At least five priests were excommunicated from the Roman Catholic Church because of their refusal to stop participating in other religious activity.
How many priests have been convicted in Ireland?
List of accused clergy. In August 2018, a list was released revealing that of the over 1,300 Irish clergy who were accused, only 82 were convicted.
How many Catholic priests have been convicted in Australia?
Of the 21 alleged and convicted perpetrators 17 were priests which is 8.7% of the priests who ministered during this period. The royal commission's final report of Catholic Church authorities in Ballarat was released on 6 December 2017.
How much is the Catholic Church worth?
The best estimates that investors can make about how much money the Catholic Church has is approximately $10 billion to $15 billion.
How many priests are in jail?
According to the John Jay study, 3 percent of all priests against whom allegations were made were convicted and about 2 percent received prison sentences."
Why was Martin Luther excommunicated?
In January 1521, Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther. Three months later, Luther was called to defend his beliefs before Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms, where he was famously defiant. For his refusal to recant his writings, the emperor declared him an outlaw and a heretic.
Was Castro excommunicated?
Fidel Castro is reported to have been excommunicated latae sententiae in 1962 for affiliating with the Communist Party of Cuba, preaching communism and supporting a communist government; the basis of the excommunication is supposed to have been the 1949 Decree against Communism of Pope Pius XII.
What percent of priests are child molestors?
Philip Jenkins, professor at the Department of Religion and History at Penn State University, questioned the theses of increased sexual abuse among priests, saying the percentage of priests accused of molesting minors is 1.8%, much of which is not about pedophilia alone.
What were the abuses of the Catholic Church before the Reformation?
the main abuses in the church were: (i) Nepotism: Many relations of nobles, cardinals and bishops were appointed to church offices or positions. this was called nepotism. (ii) Simony: this was the buying and selling of church positions.
Can you sue the Catholic Church?
Can The Catholic Church Be Sued? Yes. Survivors of clergy abuse have filed lawsuits against Catholic dioceses, religious orders, church leaders and individual abusive clergy members.


text: The aim of this systematic review was to summarise adverse effects after spinal manipulation reported in the South Korean literature. The Korean literature was searched for relevant articles. Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria. They reported a total of 18 cases. In most instances, the patient made a full recovery. The implicated treatment was frequently a spinal manipulation technique that is an integral part of traditional Korean medicine. It is concluded that adverse effects after spinal manipulation are not specific to chiropractic but occur with most types of spinal manipulation. Incidence figures can, however, not be derived from the data available to date.


Chromatomyia asteris (Hendel, 1934)
< back | NBN Map | next >
puparium in mine
Food Plant: Aster tripolium (Sea Aster)
Mine: Jun -July; Sept-Oct
Notes: Forms a linear mine which is mainly upper surface but it starts lower surface. Frass grains are large and irregular. Pupariation occurs within the mine (as shown). Spencer (1972, 1976) states that the puparium is white with front spiracula penetrating the epidermis but Warrington (pers. comm) also found that on pupariation the anterior spiracles went black straight away, then within an hour or so, the whole puparium was black. A widespread coastal species.
Data: 26.x.2017, Hessle, South-east Yorkshire, VC61
Image:© Barry Warrington
Recording Grade: 5
Spencer, KA (1972) -Diptera, Agromyzidae; Handbooks for the Identification of
British Insects, 10
sponsored by Colin Plant Associates (UK) LLP/Consultant Entomologists


2.1.40 ProjectSearch
Description
Query objects inside Origin
Syntax
VB: Function ProjectSearch(text As ByVal String) As String
C++: LPCSTR ProjectSearch(LPCSTR text )
C#: string ProjectSearch(string text )
Parameters
text
The string contains the content for searching
Return
The ProjectSearch method returns XML string as search result.
Remark
Examples
Python
EX1
import OriginExt as O
app = O.Application(); app.Visible = app.MAINWND_SHOW
pageName = app.CreatePage(app.OPT_WORKSHEET)
searchResult = app.ProjectSearch("1")
print(searchResult)
EX2
import OriginExt as O
import os
str = input('to search for:')
root = 'c:\\tmp\\'
flist = []
for fn in os.listdir(root):
 if fn.endswith('.opju') or fn.endswith('.opj'):
 fullpath = root + fn
 flist.append(fullpath)

app = O.Application()
found=[]
for afile in flist:
 if app.Load(afile):
 result = app.ProjectSearch(str)
 app.Execute('doc -s')#to prevent asking to save
 if len(result) > 10:
 print('*',end='')
 found.append(afile)
 else:
 print('.',end='')
print('done')
for fopj in found:
 print(fopj)

app.Exit()
del app
Version Information
Origin 2018 SR0
See Also
GetFinder


Terms And Conditions
You are here: Home » Terms And Conditions
Terms And Conditions
The following terms and conditions will apply to any Applicant (defined below) making an Application for a Grant (all terms defined below)
1. Definitions
1.1 Definitions
In these terms and conditions unless the context otherwise requires, the following words and expressions shall have the following meanings:-
Applicant" means the applicant business applying to the Council for a Grant in terms of these terms and conditions;
Application" means any document or information sent to the Council by an Applicant in support of their request for a Grant;
Council" means South Ayrshire Council;
Grant" means the amount of business grant set out in the Grant Notification Letter;
Grant Expiry Date" means the date by which the Applicant must satisfy all conditions of Grant as set out in these terms and conditions and the Grant Notification Letter;
Grant Notification Letter" means the Council's letter confirming the Grant award to you.
1.2 Interpretation
1.2.1 A reference to any enactment, order, regulation, Statutory Instrument, or the like shall include references to any amendment, replacement, consolidation or re-enactment of the same.
1.2.2 Words importing the masculine gender include the feminine gender, words in the singular include the plural and words importing individuals shall be treated as including bodies corporate, unincorporated associations and partnerships and, in each case, vice versa.
1.2.3 Clause headings do not form part of the Contract and shall not be taken into account in its construction or interpretation.
2. Eligibility for Grant
2.1 Applicants shall provide details and evidence of the following in order to be eligible for the Grant:-
2.1.1 The identification and residence of all owners, partners or directors of the Applicant business;
2.1.2 A legitimate business bank account in the name of the Applicant business;
2.1.3 The trading and registered address of the Applicant business, which shall be within the Council region;
2.1.4 The business plan and financial projections for the first two years of trade for the Applicant business, which shall be assessed and must be deemed viable by an authorised officer of the Council acting reasonably.
2.2 The Council shall be entitled to withhold the advance of the whole or any part of the Grant in the event of the Applicant owing any sum or otherwise being in debt to the Council.
2.3 Businesses involved (whether directly or indirectly) or associated with any of the following commercial models and purposes will not be eligible for the Grant:-
2.3.1 Pornography or other ventures of an overt sexual nature;
2.3.2 Multi level marketing and pyramid selling;
2.3.3 Gambling;
2.3.4 Politics;
2.3.5 Religion;
2.4 Without prejudice to clause 2.3, the Council reserves the right to refuse Applicant businesses which the Council deem, in its sole discretion, may bring South Ayrshire Council into disrepute.
3. Grant
3.1 The Grant shall be awarded only once to an Applicant in the 24 month period commencing with the date of the Grant Notification Letter.
3.3 Subject to the provisions of clause 4, the Grant will be advanced in such instalments as the Council (acting reasonably) shall consider appropriate.
3.4 Grants are discretionary and the Council reserves the right to refuse any Application at its sole discretion. Further, the Council reserves the right to vary the amount of Grant awarded at its sole discretion.
4. Purpose for which the Grant is to be applied
4.1 The Grant awarded to an Applicant shall be conditional on the following requirements being satisfied:-
4.1.1 The Grant shall be applied by the Applicant solely towards genuine business costs associated with the establishment and trading of the Applicant business, and for no other purpose whatsoever (for the avoidance of doubt, director / owner remuneration is not an eligible business cost for the purposes of this clause 4.1.1);
4.1.2 No later than the Grant Expiry Date, the Applicant shall exhibit to the Council evidence of the business employing at least one additional full-time member of staff (which shall be on terms no less than 16 hours per week for a minimum of period of 6 months), as compared with the number of staff at the time of the Application.
4.2 The Council shall be entitled, at its sole discretion, to waive any of the conditions referred to in clause 4.1.
4.3 The payment by the Council of any part of the Grant shall not of itself imply an acknowledgement that any of the conditions referred to in clause 4.1 have been either satisfied or waived.
5. Monitoring
5.1 Applicants shall provide to the Council upon written request any progress reports and financial or other information and records reasonably needed from time to time in relation to the Grant or the purposes set out in clause 4 hereof.
5.2 Applicants shall comply with the Council's systems for monitoring, evaluating and auditing the operation of the Grant upon being given reasonable notice by the Council. The Council will advise the Applicant about the systems for monitoring, evaluating and auditing in use. The Council (and anyone authorised by the Council) reserves the right to visit the Applicant at any reasonable time without giving notice and without prejudice to the Applicant's right to privacy.
6. Repayment of Grant
6.1 The Applicant shall repay the Grant in full on demand if any of the following events occur:-
6.1.1 The Applicant is found to have made any misrepresentation in connection with the Application;
6.1.2 The Applicant has failed to satisfy any of the conditions provided under clause 4.1 prior to the Grant Expiry Date;
6.1.3 The Council considers that no reasonable effort on the part of the Applicant has been made to trade.
7. Interest
7.1 Interest will accrue and shall be payable by the Applicant to the Council on all sums due to the Council in terms of these terms and conditions at the rate of four per centum per annum above the base rate or rates for the time being of the Royal Bank of Scotland from the date the same falls due until paid.
8. Publicity
8.1 The Council may make the purpose and amount of the Grant public in whatever way they consider appropriate.
9. Governing Law and Jurisdiction
9.1 The construction, validity and performance of these terms and conditions shall be governed by Scots law and the Council and the Applicant irrevocably submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Scottish courts.


text:
Over 300 cases of COVID-19 recorded last week in Moldova
13:31 | 29.11.2022 Category: Social
Chisinau, Nov. 29 /MOLDPRES/- Last week 319 cases of infection with the new coronavirus were recorded in Moldova.
According to the Ministry of Health, in the same period 17,861 tests were carried out and five deaths were recorded.
Also 397 people received their first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, and 1,344 received their third dose. So far 1,073,456 people have been vaccinated with the full schedule.
Starting from July, citizens can administer their Booster 2 dose of the vaccine against COVID-19. At the same time, it is possible to immunize children who have reached the age of 12.


What are the risks associated with vacuum extraction delivery?
A vacuum extractor is a suction device sometimes used to deliver a baby. It is the duty of the physician to inform the mother of the risks of a vacuum extraction delivery, as well as the alternatives. Improper use of a vacuum extractor can result in birth injury.
Birth injuries from vacuum extraction delivery
Vacuum extraction can increase the risk of the following neonatal conditions (1):
 - Shoulder dystocia (when the baby's shoulder gets stuck on the mother's pelvic bone after the head has been delivered). This can cause a group of nerves to the arms and hands, called brachial plexus nerves, to be injured. It can also affect the baby's ability to flex and rotate the arm, lead to permanent damage, or even paralysis.
 - Skull fractures
 - Scalp wounds
 - Fetal stroke: Inappropriate use of vacuum extractors can cause severe brain damage from brain bleeds, contusions in the brain, stretching and tearing of blood vessels and brain tissue, and compression of the brain with changes in blood flow. In addition, trauma from vacuum extractor use can cause the formation of blood clots inside blood vessels (thrombosis), which can lead to a stroke.
 - Brain hemorrhages or bleeds: Vacuum extraction can cause brain bleeds (2). A serious complication of a vacuum extraction is a subgaleal brain hemorrhage. This occurs when the vacuum ruptures a vein, which bleeds into a space between the scalp and skull. This condition is life threatening with a mortality rate as high as 20%. About 90% of all subgaleal hemorrhages are related to vacuum extraction. This type of bleeding is most likely to occur with excessive force, prolonged cup application, misapplication or misuse of the vacuum, or if forceps are also used (which is contrary to the medical standard of care). There are many types of brain hemorrhages that can occur during forceps use. This often leads to neurological impairments and cerebral palsy. Other types of brain hemorrhages include the following:
 - Cerebral hemorrhage: This is a form of stroke where bleeding occurs within the brain.
 - Subarachnoid hemorrhage: This is bleeding in the subarachnoid space, which is the area between the innermost of the two membranes that cover the brain. This type of hemorrhage usually occurs in full-term babies, and it can lead to seizures, lethargy, and apnea.
 - Intraventricular hemorrhage: This is when there is bleeding into the brain's ventricular system, where spinal fluid is produced. It is the most serious type of intracranial bleeding and is usually seen in premature infants and infants with low birth weight. This is because blood vessels in the brain of premature infants are not fully developed and are therefore weak.
 - Subdural hemorrhage or subdural hematoma: This occurs when there is a rupture of one or more blood vessels in the subdural space, which is the area between the surface of the brain and the thin layer of tissue that separates the brain from the skull. These ruptures are usually caused from difficult deliveries. Seizures, high levels of bilirubin in the blood, rapidly enlarging head, a poor Moro reflex, or extensive retinal hemorrhages sometimes occur with these kinds of hemorrhages.
 - Cephalohematoma: This is bleeding that occurs between the skull and its covering, starting as a bump on the baby's head. It occurs a few hours after birth and lasts anywhere from 2 weeks to a few months.
Vacuum extractor; vents; fetal head injury; smbgaleal hematoma; intracranial hemorrhage; nuchal cord; vacuum extraction; subarachnoid hemorrhage; infant brain damage; neonatal brain injury
Improper use of vacuum extractors can cause hematomas, intracranial hemorrhages, and permanent brain damage
Legal help for vacuum extractor injuries
Children injured due to the misuse of vacuum extractors often require specialized care throughout their lives. Therapy, special education, and assistive technology will allow your loved one to navigate their diagnosis easier. If a medical professional's error caused your loved one's disabilities, you are likely entitled to compensation to afford these resources. We encourage you to contact us today for a free legal consultation. During your case review, our team of birth injury attorneys, nurses, and professionals will determine if medical malpractice caused your loved one's injuries, identify the negligent party, and inform you of your legal options.
ABC Law Centers (Reiter & Walsh, P.C.) is one of the only law firms in the United States exclusively handling birth injury cases. We focus solely on helping families like yours obtain the resources they need, and our niche focus allows us to win even the most medically and legally complex cases. To begin your free case review, please contact us in any of the following ways:
Free Case Review | Available 24/7 | No Fee Unless We Win
Press the Live Chat button on your browser
Complete Our Online Contact Form
Related Resources
 1. Vacuum extraction. (2020, August 18). Retrieved September 27, 2020, from _URL_
 2. Infant Intracranial Hemorrhages (Brain Bleeds): Birth Injuries. (2020, September 24). Retrieved September 27, 2020, from _URL_
 3. Newborn Subgaleal Hematoma and Medical Malpractice. (2019, July 24). Retrieved September 27, 2020, from _URL_


text:
I am so excited to announce our brand new My Danish Ancestor Activity Book. This 52-page activity book encourages youth to ask questions and delve into the Danish history of their family in a fun way. The "My Ancestors" hands-on workbooks create bonds between generations with hours of activities, puzzles, games, recipes, stories and crafts that can involve the entire family. Timelines, paper dolls, coloring pages, maps, music, dot-to-dots and crossword puzzles combine to give youth ownership of their own genealogy and the send them on a quest to bring their family history to life.
As I've said before, studies have shown that greater knowledge about family history strengthens and empowers youth by creating self-esteem, resilience and a greater sense of control over their lives. Learning about the family's past also strengthens the relationships between living family members by creating a shared experience and core identity that no one else in the world can duplicate. This new children's workbook is designed to help kids gain the benefits of family history and start asking their family members about their shared past.
I have a particularly inspiring Danish ancestor and I'm excited to share this book with my children and someday with my grandchildren. But beyond that, this was our most requested book. These are activities, games, and questions that will help you discover the exciting lives of your Danish Ancestors. You can:
- Make some Danish rye bread and learn about Danish sandwiches
- Sing a Danish Folk Song
- Find some Danish family words
- Complete a dot-to-dot of a famous Danish castle
- Document what you know about your favorite Danish ancestor
- Learn about Danish royalty and Danish crests
- Solve puzzles about famous Danish people
- Make a special Julehjerte to honor your Danish ancestor
- Simple projects, recipes, and worksheets make it easy for your busy family to celebrate their Danish heritage.
You can purchase this book now, through our website. We'll also have plenty of copies on hand at Rootstech. Either way, you cannot go wrong when you use these books to introduce your children and grandchildren to your Danish heritage.


text:
Border rows are used in yield trials to negate the effect of neighboring plots. Border rows are often not thinned to a final stand as are the harvest rows and it is assumed differential density in the border rows has a trivial effect on harvest row yield. In this study, 10 corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids were planted in 1994, 1995, and 1996 at Urbana, IL, in a randomized complete block design with 10 replications. Experimental units were four row plots with the middle two harvest rows thinned to a final stand of 68 000 plants/ha while the outer two border rows were either thinned as the harvest rows or not thinned. Seed weight (g/100 seed) was significantly and negatively correlated with plants per row (R = -0.57, P > |R| = 0.0001) and significantly and positively correlated with grain yield (R = 0.16, P > |R| = 0.0062). Thinning border rows increased mean grain yield 0.2 Mg/ha and a significant hybrid x treatment interaction was detected. Thinning of border rows decreased the mean square error as much as 26%. Thinning of border rows affected the membership of the highest yielding (elite) group. This is particularly important because it is among this elite group that new hybrids are chosen. We conclude that both border rows and harvest rows should be thinned to a uniform final stand in corn yield trials and failure to do so may result in erroneous conclusions and wrong decisions.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Agronomy and Crop Science


Back Scratcher with triangular rake-like head
Kind Code:
A back scratcher, including an elongated handle with an open end for gripping and a closed end inserted into a polypropylene or other light weight plastic head offering rigidity, flexibility, light weight and relatively low cost, and resembling in general appearance a poly leaf or shrub rake. The head is in a triangular shape and has a base from which extends individual, flexible, reinforced tines of a sufficient length to allow movement—particularly horizontally—when used in an upright position. Each tine can move independently of the other tines thus allowing the device to conform to the natural contours of a back and facilitating the even distribution of exerted pressure on the recipient's back.
Wright, Jonathan P. (South Ogden, UT, US)
Application Number:
Publication Date:
Filing Date:
Primary Class:
International Classes:
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Related US Applications:
Primary Examiner:
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
Jonathan P. Wright (South Ogden, UT, US)
What is claimed is:
1. I claim a back scratcher comprising: an elongated handle with an open end for gripping and a closed end inserted into a head designed for scratching; said head having a base from which independent, flexible, reinforced tines extend upward sufficiently from the base to allow each tine to move independently, more particularly in horizontal directions relative to a vertically-oriented (upright) subject; said tines extending upward from the base and bending forward at approximately a 90° angle, and sufficiently pointed on the end to create an abrasive edge on the head.
2. A back scratcher as set forth in claim 1 wherein the shape of the head is generally triangular and resembles the general proportions of a rake intended to rake leaves commonly referred to as a poly leaf or shrub rake; said head being constructed of molded polypropylene high impact plastic or other lightweight material, offering rigidity, flexibility, and relatively low cost.
This invention relates to back scratchers. As long as there have been backs, there has been a need for back scratching. Certain trees serve the purpose well but they are not always conveniently close by and lack portability. It is also difficult if not impossible to reach all the potentially itchy areas of one's own back without the aid of a back scratching device. In the opinion of the applicant, the ultimate back scratching experience is realized by the kind contribution of a second person, skilled in the art, and using both hands simultaneously, as if connected at the wrist. (This is the preferred method this invention attempts to mimic). However, such a benefactor is not always readily accessible, willing or able to perform such a service. For these reasons, handheld or mechanical back scratching devices were created and have brought much relief to their users. The most pertinent of these devices are represented by U.S. Pat. No. 6,221,034 for its flexible toothbrush-like bristles, D311,605 reflective of scratchers with a rigid spike or spikes, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,904,661 for its small pivoting head. Also known to applicant are the following: U.S. Pat. No. 6,110,132 which mounts on an outside corner of an interior wall, D392,424 resembling building blocks on sticks, D330,094 resembling a small triangle on the end of a pole, D312,145 shaped like a bent ice pick, D4,574,788 resembling a scrub brush with a bent head, D266,280 a flat stick with a scratch pad, and D0,260,694 a chess piece-like scratcher.
Additionally known to applicant are references teaching related inventions in lawn and garden leaf rakes including D233,305 a 1974 patent for a poly rake head, U.S. Pat. No. 3,707,835 a design with long tines, U.S. Pat. No. 4,215,528 having a plastic molded head, and D248,612 a one-piece molded plastic head with long tines.
A thorough review of the prior art demonstrates the differences in the present device as a back scratcher in its use of long, independent (free floating on the open end), flexible tines formed in a rake-like shape allowing a significantly increased contact area and improved conformity to the natural contours of the human back. Nothing known to applicant in the prior art teaches the unique combination of features and structural parameters of applicants invention.
The specific problems involved in the prior art deal with the limited area of contact and the lack of flexibility across the contact area, resulting in uneven distribution of scratching pressure—thus over—scratching high areas and missing low areas of the back. The applicant's invention also allows the user to cover a large surface area with each stroke thus saving energy and time and bringing faster relief to one's itchy back. In sum, from observation of the present invention and the prior art, it can be shown that a single stroke with this invention covers a substantially greater area and because of the independent, floating tines, does so more effectively.
This back scratcher has the basic appearance of a small (by leaf rake standards), handheld poly leaf rake. Yet by back scratcher standards, the rake head and consequent "swath" is quite large. The elements of the invention solve problems found in the prior art such as the absence of a wide contact area fanning out from a narrow, ergonomically-sized handle and the lack of a method producing even pressure distribution over a broad area. The present invention substantially improves the utility of such devices by offering a wide contact area—while maintaining a narrow handle—consisting of independently "floating" tines that encourage the even distribution of pressure over the naturally uneven surface of the back in ways unattainable in the methods previously taught.
It is therefore the object of this invention to introduce a back scratching device that for a relatively low cost duplicates a two-handed, ten-fingered back scratching experience.
It is yet another object of this invention to provide a back scratcher that has the general appearance of a small handheld leaf or shrub rake with a triangular-shaped head made of polypropylene or other light weight material.
It is yet another object of this invention to provide a head on the back scratcher that offers reinforced and rigid tines that are capable of movement independent of each other thus facilitating even pressure distribution and allowing contouring to individual back shapes.
The handle, which ranges in size from 6-24 inches in exposed length, has an open end for grasping FIG. 5A and a closed end on which the head is attached FIG. 5B. The head is constructed ideally of molded polypropylene high impact plastic in a triangular shape FIG. 3A. The head is fashioned such that multiple tines extend upward from the base of the head FIG. 5C then make a uniform 90° turn an inch or so from the end FIG. 4A to create the abrasive edge of the head. The tines are individually reinforced to encourage rigidity but are not laterally connected above the base or near the end FIG. 3B, (as typically found on leaf rakes designed for a different purpose), so that each tine can "float" independently over the natural contours of the back FIG. 6, thus duplicating the independence of human fingers bent to form roughly a 90° angle which can flow naturally and accommodatingly over a recipient's back. Further, the tines are pointed at the end 4B to create an edge with a level of abrasion not unlike adequately sharp fingernails. By back scratcher standards, at 4-8 inches in width, the device is large, and will improve the quality of the back scratching experience through the even distribution of pressure FIG. 6 across a large contact area FIG. 2 because of the independently floating tines, and will improve efficiency, both of which are lacking in prior art FIG. 1.
While the invention at hand has been described in its preferred embodiment, it is understood that departures may be made there from within the scope of the invention, and therefore should not be limited to the details and description disclosed herein. The invention is to be afforded the full scope of claims to cover various modifications and materials contemplated in the future.
FIG. 1 is a pictorial view of a person using a prior art back scratcher.
FIG. 2 is a pictorial view of a person using the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a front elevation view of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a side elevation view of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the preferred embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a bird's eye view of the contouring effect of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.


variable mstrLine. Now you need to change the procedures in your form, so you pass the value from txtLine text box to the constructor.
 1. Open your frmLineTest.vb form.
 2. You will need to change both the btnDisplay_Click event procedure and the btnGetWord_Click event procedures to declare the oLine variable as shown below.
 Dim oLine As New Line(txtLine.Text)
The New keyword tells Visual Basic.NET to create a new instance of Line and pass the data that is contained within the Text property of the txtLine text box to the New constructor.
You need to change both event procedures before you can run the project. By changing the New procedure to accept a parameter, any declaration of the Line class must now pass some data when declaring the object.
Try It Out
After making the changes to the event procedures, you are ready to try running the program again to make sure you did it correctly.
 1. Press F5 to run this application.
 2. If you receive any errors, fix them and try it again.
Use Classes for All Your Tasks
It's a good idea to create classes for all of your programming tasks. Visual Basic.NET will still let you create stand-alone functions and procedures within a module. But there are quite a few advantages to using classes (and objects) over traditional structured programming techniques:
 - Calculations or operations are encapsulated (wrapped-up) into an easy-to-use interface. This helps newer programmers tackle the problem at hand without having to know how everything works. It also helps the old pros speed up their development time considerably.
 - It is easy to change the internal workings of a class to make it perform better. Any program that uses this class receives the benefit of the improved performance.
 - It is possible to have multiple instances of a class active in memory at one time. This eliminates the need to create multiple Public variables when you wish to compare multiple values from one source against values from another.
 - It is possible to inherit from a class and extend the functionality without changing the original class. Inheritance is covered in a separate document, named "Inherit from a Base Class."
What's Different in Visual Basic.NET From Visual Basic 6.0
There are a lot of differences in how classes are created in Visual Basic.NET from Visual Basic 6.0. Below is a list of the major ones.
 - You now use Public Class…End Class to define a class. In Visual Basic 6.0, each class had to be in its own separate file.
 - You can have multiple classes per file.
 - Declarations of properties are completely different from Visual Basic 6.0.
 - You no longer use the Set keyword to instantiate a new instance of a class, or to set an object reference.
 - You can now pass in parameters to the constructor of a class.
You have now created a class that has one read/write property, a read-only property, and a method. You also passed data into the constructor of this class. As mentioned in the beginning of this paper, OOP is about the ability to piece together software components that help you create your applications more easily. By creating a Line class, you did not have to remember the details of how to calculate the length of a line of text, or use the Split function to return the first word of a line of text. Instead, you used a Line class, passed it the line, and used properties and methods to do these operations for you. This is a much more elegant approach to programming.
About the Author
Paul D. Sheriff is the owner of PDSA, Inc. (_URL_), a custom software development and consulting company in Southern California. Paul is the MSDN Regional Director for Southern California, is the author of a book on Visual Basic 6 called Paul Sheriff Teaches Visual Basic, and has produced over 72 videos on Visual Basic, SQL Server,.NET and Web Development for Keystone Learning Systems. Paul has co-authored a book entitled ASP.NET Jumpstart. Visit the PDSA, Inc. Web site for more information.
About Informant Communications Group
Copyright © 2001 Informant Communications Group and Microsoft Corporation
Technical Editing: PDSA, Inc. and KNG Consulting
© 2014 Microsoft


text:
On June 4, 2016 at the 2016 New Mexico STEM Symposium, Fractal Foundation representatives Jonathan Wolfe (founder and Board President) and Emma Eckert (Education Director) inspired teachers from all over the state to incorporate fractal activities into their curriculum. The teachers participated in an informative presentation highlighting the key components of fractals and how fractals are SMART – Science, Math, and ART! Following the presentation, the teachers were led through hands-on 'fractivities', examples of the fantastic resources available for free on the Fractal Foundation's website,_URL_. (Pictured here are two variations on the fractal cut-out card activity, a great way to show how the complex patterns seen in fractals are made by repeating a simple process over and over – in this case, by cutting, folding, and inverting. One of the Special Education instructors in attendance also remarked that in addition to learning about fractals, it is a great activity for honing fine motor skills.)
The response to the Fractal Foundation's program at the STEM Symposium was wholly positive. Everyone was engrossed in creating their own unique fractal artwork and found the introductory presentation relevant to today's students and helpful in enhancing the current STEM curriculum. Our group of educators were happy to learn about fractals and how to utilize them to teach math, science, and art concepts in the classroom. The teachers went away feeling inspired, with the seeds of fractal knowledge planted and ready to grow!


text:
The Bahamas is a new-comer in the cryptocurrency industry.
The Bahamian Government and Finance Minister revealed that a conference will be held soon to involve blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies in the Islands' governance.
The Bahamas have been struggling with poor transportation and an unstable economy. Blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies will help with both. Bahamian banks are not usually reliable, so a completely digital network will help people conduct daily transactions, and with trade.
Blockchain technology will remove the need for paperwork and allow the Islands to function on a secure network. Business already primarily runs on the internet today; blockchain technology will ensure that business and trade will be secure, publicly recorded and smooth. Cryptocurrencies will also improve the country's income and economy. Foreign trade will be easier to conduct on blockchain platforms, and in the cryptocurrency sphere.
The Bahamas is planning to involve blockchain technology in areas like licensing, passports, insurance and more. These fields require safe, fast and user-friendly networks which are exactly the features that blockchain technology offers.
Blockchain technology is a distributed online ledger and personal records will remain safe on the database. Only authorized nodes or people on the network will be able to access the records. The database will put to use to cross-examine the records and to validate information in insurance and similar sectors.
Human errors and inefficiency will no longer be an issue if the Bahamas can function on blockchain technology. Digital currencies bring an opportunity to a country's businesses to develop outside of capitals based on fiat currencies.
The generally unstable government in the Bahamas will benefit greatly from the introduction of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology. Not only will the country's industries have better access to foreign investors and buyers, but digital currencies will be a tradable asset to buy products and services without geographical limits.
Blockchain technology will digitally optimize different sectors in the Bahamas that previously required manpower. The blockchain network will make it easier to track transportation, and cryptocurrencies will allow monitoring of payments.


text:
- Aerial photos are post-processed to generate orthophotos
- Orthophotos are of uniform scale and provide a mathematically correct representation of ground distances. This makes them valuable to use as reference imagery or as part of a base data set in a map.
- The process of creating orthophotos includes:
- Correcting naturally occurring distortions in the aerial photos resulting from the perspective view of the camera