text:
Background: Producing a rich, personalized Web-based consultation tool for plastic surgeons and patients is challenging.
Objective: (1) To develop a computer tool that allows individual reconstruction and simulation of 3-dimensional (3D) soft tissue from ordinary digital photos of breasts, (2) to implement a Web-based, worldwide-accessible preoperative surgical planning platform for plastic surgeons, and (3) to validate this tool through a quality control analysis by comparing 3D laser scans of the patients with the 3D reconstructions with this tool from original 2-dimensional (2D) pictures of the same patients.
Methods: The proposed system uses well-established 2D digital photos for reconstruction into a 3D torso, which is then available to the user for interactive planning. The simulation is performed on dedicated servers, accessible via Internet. It allows the surgeon, together with the patient, to previsualize the impact of the proposed breast augmentation directly during the consultation before a surgery is decided upon. We retrospectively conduced a quality control assessment of available anonymized pre- and postoperative 2D digital photographs of patients undergoing breast augmentation procedures. The method presented above was used to reconstruct 3D pictures from 2D digital pictures. We used a laser scanner capable of generating a highly accurate surface model of the patient's anatomy to acquire ground truth data. The quality of the computed 3D reconstructions was compared with the ground truth data used to perform both qualitative and quantitative evaluations.
Results: We evaluated the system on 11 clinical cases for surface reconstructions and 4 clinical cases of postoperative simulations, using laser surface scan technologies showing a mean reconstruction error between 2 and 4 mm and a maximum outlier error of 16 mm. Qualitative and quantitative analyses from plastic surgeons demonstrate the potential of these new emerging technologies.
Conclusions: We tested our tool for 3D, Web-based, patient-specific consultation in the clinical scenario of breast augmentation. This example shows that the current state of development allows for creation of responsive and effective Web-based, 3D medical tools, even with highly complex and time-consuming computation, by off-loading them to a dedicated high-performance data center. The efficient combination of advanced technologies, based on analysis and understanding of human anatomy and physiology, will allow the development of further Web-based reconstruction and predictive interfaces at different scales of the human body. The consultation tool presented herein exemplifies the potential of combining advancements in the core areas of computer science and biomedical engineering with the evolving areas of Web technologies. We are confident that future developments based on a multidisciplinary approach will further pave the way toward personalized Web-enabled medicine.
Since the creation of the World Wide Web in the early 1990s, its use for medical applications has attracted much attention due to the possibilities of centralized storage and the efficient sharing of information. The creation of the picture archiving and communication system and related Web-enabled interfaces for the Internet demonstrates the interest from the medical community in accessing information in a reliable, economical, and convenient way [, ]. However, despite efforts in computer sciences (eg [ , ]), the processing of medical images is still computationally expensive for real-time use on most personal computers. Continuing efforts are being made toward personalized patient models for the predictive health care of the future [ ], leading to new pathways in health care [ ].
A field in which Internet capabilities can be used for medical purposes is 3-dimensional (3D) human anatomy. Contrary to Web-enabled medical tools for education purposes, where standard data models are employed, the scenario is more complex when considering confidential patient-specific or personalized medical imaging data from 2-dimensional (2D) pictures. Therefore, the tool presented in this paper was developed and tested in a multidisciplinary effort by a team of experts consisting of surgeons, biomedical engineers, computer graphic specialists, and Web developers and designers.
In breast augmentation surgery, surgeon–patient communication is vital, as the diagnosis, treatment, and outcome are dominated by the patient's subjective assessment of the visual results of the elective surgical procedure. Failure to meet the patient's expectations (augmentation volume, breast projection, etc) can lead to the need for reoperations and ultimately to legal action. It is therefore essential that patients be personally involved in the process of implant selection, supported by a realistic visual representation of their body, the previsualization of the final result. The success of the surgical outcome depends significantly on the choice of implant shape, size, projection, and anatomical placement, and these are key factors in the decision process.
Available computerized 3D anatomical visualization can be divided into the following categories. First, image-morphing techniques are software solutions working exclusively in 2 dimensions, where a patient's photograph might or might not be the basis for the projected postoperative result (eg, PhotoShop, ReShapr , PlasticSurgerySimulator [ ]). Second, templated and predefined software allows a user to define a set of parameters and to relate them to a predefined model and a predefined outcome (eg, BreastDoctors [ ], LoveYourLook [ ]). Third, educational software has been one of the areas where 3D Web-based medicine has shown success. For instance, the use of avatars in virtual reality learning environments [ - ] has captured the attention of researchers and medical practitioners due to the dynamic and engaging learning, peer collaboration, and interaction with users around the world [ - ]. However, these do not meet the requirements of individualized patient data analysis. Fourth, 3D scans allow an accurate 3D reconstruction of the patient's specific shape, texture, color, and sizing. Most scanning hardware such as Portrait3D (_URL_) and VECTRA 3D (_URL_) requires bulky and costly equipment that must be installed at each surgeon's office.
The above-mentioned techniques have inherent limitations for application in the daily clinical work of a surgeon.
We propose a patient-specific system for breast augmentation previsualization using well-established 2D digital photos of the patient's body taken with a digital camera (together with a few extra body measurements for scaling) and transforming them into a 3D, interactive, visual surface representation of the upper torso, which is then available for interactive planning to the user. The simulation is performed on dedicated servers, accessible via Internet. It allows the surgeon, together with the patient, to previsualize the impact of the proposed breast augmentation directly during the consultation before a surgery is decided upon. The hypothesis of this study was thus that the proposed Web-based system would allow previsualization of results, with varying implant size and varying implant locations, acting as a guide for the preoperative planning and decision process.
The 3 goals of this study were thus to (1) develop a computer tool that allows the individual reconstruction and simulation of 3D soft tissue from ordinary digital photos of breasts, (2) implement a Web-based, worldwide-accessible preoperative surgical planning platform for plastic surgeons, and (3) validate this tool through a quality control analysis by comparing 3D laser scans of the patients with the 3D reconstructions made using this tool from original 2D pictures of the same patients.
The following subsections describe some particular adopted strategies, giving particular emphasis to Web-related components and data management.
illustrates the general pipeline of the developed system. Patients and clinicians are connected through the Internet, enabling a dialogue while being independent of geographical location. Personalized patient information, such as digital photographs and sparse measurements, enable the modeling and simulation framework to create a completely patient-specific clinical scenario.
Retrieval and Analysis of Patient-Specific Information
The real-time generation of a 3D model of the patient's anatomy is based on the extraction of patient-specific information, provided by the user in the form of 2D digital pictures, taken at 3 different angles (frontal and lateral images). In addition, and in order to create a plausible model, 2 physical distance measurements of the patient's anatomy are requested, such as nipple-to-nipple and nipple-to-submammary fold. The set of 2D images and sparse measurements allow for calibration of images to the actual patient's anatomy and for reconstruction of a realistic model of the patient's anatomy.
An important aspect is to provide the user with understandable information regarding the way digital pictures need to be taken. This is indicated to the user as guidelines for taking suitable patient photos; generally, plain white hospital walls offer sufficient contrast. Conventional fluorescent lighting found in offices and hospitals is perfectly acceptable for the system to be able to reliably detect the patient's contour from the 2D pictures.
To initiate the body extraction algorithm, the user is required to define a few anatomical landmarks on each of the 3 pictures (see). This step is guided interactively on the website and takes less than 5 minutes. From the result of the body extraction algorithm, several curvature characteristics of the breast are computed, to automatically determine the patient's breast type and to fine-tune the 3D reconstruction algorithm.
3D Reconstruction of a Patient's Anatomy and Web 3D Visualization
Once body extraction and breast type characterization is finished, a specialized image-based 3D/2D reconstruction algorithm is used to estimate the 3D shape of the patient's anatomy, from the imaging and morphometric information provided by the user. The user is presented with a 3D visual representation of the 3 views, in the form of a textured surface model (see). The model is interactive and can be rotated by the user in the Web browser. Two technologies seem to be taking the lead in Web3D: WebGL (_URL_ and Unity


Color Cueva
Glacial fauna
Home 9 Discover 9 Glacial fauna
About 45,000 years ago the Picos de Europa were covered by ice. The ecosystems and species at that time were very different from today's. Large animals such as mammoths, saber-toothed tigers and large elk inhabited our region. In Onís we proudly keep a valuable fossil skeleton of a prairie rhinoceros, unique in its species.
A surprising museum on glacial fauna
Glacial Fauna of Avín
The interpretation center of the glacial fauna of Onís is a spectacular museum inside a natural cave, the Cuevona de Avín. During your visit you will learn, in a didactic and immersive way, what life was like in the Picos de Europa thousands of years ago.
On a journey through time you will walk through the Cave accompanied by life-size replicas of animals of that era: woolly mammoth, saber-toothed tiger, giant elk, a female and a baby woolly rhinoceros and even three neradental.
A complete prairie rhinoceros fossil
The complete skeleton of the small prairie rhinoceros preserved in La Peruyal Cave is a valuable testimony of the fauna that inhabited the Picos de Europa during the last ice age.
Sheep Valley Cheese
It was discovered in the 1970s and the people of Onís fought for its maintenance in the cave itself. Initially it was thought to be a cave bear but, in 2001, studies derived from the extraction of a skeletal cast and analysis of its bones and teeth identified it as a steppe or grassland rhinoceros (Stephanorhinus hemitoechus).
It is a hatchling that, probably in search of water, fell to the bottom of the hollow. Thanks to the conditions of the cavity, it has been preserved fossilized in perfect condition until today.
To ensure the conservation of the fossil, the cave can only be visited in guided groups, accompanied by specialized personnel. It is an activity of adventure and knowledge of the paleontological heritage that does not leave indifferent.


What is a summary of the poem "The Stone Age?"
Kamala Das
1 Answer | Add Yours
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Posted on (Answer #1)
Kamala Das' poem, "The Stone Age," is a poem which illustrates the life of an oppressed woman.
Her husband is set in his ways ("Fond husband, ancient settler in the mind"). Although he is fond (affectionate), the speaker believes him to be false ("weaving webs of bewilderment"). The husband has taken control over his wife ("You turn me into a bird of stone"), which refers to the fact that she is beautiful to look at but must not be heard.
The husband is not considerate of his wife's feelings. His "absent-minded" stroking of her face shows no true emotion, only habit. The husband is not concerned with his wife's needs either (noted by the "loud talk you bruise my pre-morning sleep,
You stick a finger into my dreaming eye").
The wife dreams of a better life, only to have the dreams vanish like the sun. Her history, misunderstood given the undefined nature of the Dravidian people (historically they fought to be defined as their own ethnic group) alienates the wife from those who fail to identify with her or identify her at all. Her ethnicity is lost to "secretly flow the drains beneath the sacred cities."
Jumping into her car, the wife searches for others like herself--only to be forgotten like the rain which comes and goes.
The wife does not seem to understand what her husband sees in her. He is a lion, a snake, a symbol of strength and power. She, on the other hand, is not. That said, the wife questions how her husband can rest so easily against her, given her weaknesses.
All said, the wife cannot understand why no one asks her anything about life. The wife seems to understand her knowledge regarding life, but, like her husband's disregard for her, she feels as if her knowledge goes unappreciated.
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Located on Missouri's largest oxbow lake
When Europeans first set foot on what is now northwest Missouri, they encountered a maze of shallow riverbeds, bottomland forests, marshes, wet prairies and lakes all teeming with fish, waterfowl and large animals. The meandering Missouri River left huge deposits of rich alluvial soils in its unchannelled wake, occasionally cutting off a loop of its own course. As the looped area filled with sediment, the water left standing in the loop became what was known as an "oxbow lake," because its 180-degree curvature resembled the "bow" part of an oxen yoke.
Big Lake is the largest remaining oxbow lake in Missouri and has attracted both settler and visitor alike for more than 100 years. Probably formed before 1804, it is quite possibly one of the lakes Lewis and Clark described in their journals as they explored the Missouri River and lands contained in the Louisiana Purchase.
The shallow lake had long enjoyed a reputation as a recreational and resort area and following the flood of 1929, interest grew to create a state park. The initial lakefront acreage was purchased in 1932, creating one of the first public recreation areas in northwest Missouri.
Growing along the banks of the lake are riverine plants such as peach-leaved willow, black willow, bulrush, rose mallow and sandbur. The lake contains fish populations of bass, catfish, crappie and carp. Wildlife such as map turtles, smooth soft-shelled turtles, wintering American bald eagles and a variety of waterfowl are commonly found.
The lake continues to provide excellent recreational opportunities. Big Lake is a favorite spot in northwest Missouri for boating and fishing, and a boat launch is available in the park. Picnic tables dot the shoreline, nestled under cottonwood and walnut trees. An open picnic shelter with electricity can be reserved for various functions. A swimming pool, with hot showers and a changehouse, is located near the modern two-story motel overlooking the lake. Eight housekeeping cabins along the shore include air conditioning, fireplaces and screened-in porches. The campgrounds contain both basic and electric campsites, as well as modern restrooms, hot showers and a dump station. Visitors can enjoy eating at the park's restaurant, which offers a scenic view of the lake.
In 1989, the Missouri Department of Natural Resources took another step in its mission of preserving the best remnants of Missouri natural landscapes when it purchased almost 300 acres of wetlands adjacent to the lake. This nearly quadrupled the size of Big Lake State Park, and added a major wetland ecosystem to the park system. Big Lake State Park now contains the biggest single marsh in all of Missouri's state parks.
Wetlands, one of the world's most productive environments, are becoming increasingly scarce. They provide necessary stopovers for migratory waterfowl and other birds as well as offering abundant shelter for a variety of wildlife. At Big Lake State Park, visitors have a chance to see such an intricate ecosystem in action. This marsh area, with its lush aquatic vegetation, provides an ideal refuge for a variety of wetland bird species such as the yellow-headed blackbird, bitterns, soras and rails. Periodically visitors are treated to spectacular bird shows, as great blue herons, pintails, teals, mallards, snow geese, cormorants and American white pelicans migrate through one of the last remaining natural wetlands in north Missouri.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Why do we do research?
The difference between chemical reactions and living systems
Manfred Eigen Scientist
Comments (0) Please sign in or register to add comments
How do I see the difference between a complex system of chemical reactions – however complex you want it to be – many reactions going on forth and back, and a living system which, after all, is also a complex system of chemical reactions? Well, my answer usually is, in the living system everything is controlled and regulated, and the final source of this regulation is information. And this information really organises itself in a way that certain information is called off and certain reaction is triggered, and the whole thing then comes about in a very regulated way. Now, if you ask how did this come about; well, the complex states need information and information in order to come about needs replication, and without replication you can't build up the complexity which is reflected in information.
I'm aware that this is a very different definition one has given in information theory by Shannon and Wiener, where one is more concerned with the aspect of information capacity. How much information could be expressed in language, how does a transmission line has to be designed in order to allow this amount of information to be transmitted without mistakes in a noise-free way? So these are the two aspects. One has always called the one aspect the quantitative aspect of information, the other the semantic aspect of information, but this is not a very correct type of expression. The one is really an information capacity, it tells you more about language than about any message in that language, whereas the other tells you why did certain messages come about. The messages have a meaning, that's semantics, but they have more than that. They are to be evaluated and the messages for life had to become evaluated... as we have seen, selection is a consequence of replication. Now, when you ask how did this transition occur from the non-life to life, then you certainly needed already a quite developed chemistry before life, the first steps of life, of forming information... it's language, forming in-for-mation... before they could occur. So the first reaction systems certainly were quite chaotic, were quite unregulated. And through this replication system there could be a build-up of information, and that's the essence of life.
Listeners: Ruthild Winkler-Oswatitch
Tags: information theory, Claude Elwood Shannon, Norbert Wiener
Duration: 3 minutes, 33 seconds
Date story recorded: July 1997
Date story went live: 29 September 2010


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If you are looking for information on Learning Communities, please visit the Learning Communities website.
In addition to choosing a program of study, you can also enroll in a certificate. A certificate provides a thematic area of concentration to complement your program choice and can add greater coherence to your General Education and program learning. Examples of certificate themes include Women's and Gender Studies and Decolonization and Indigenization Studies – see the full list below.
Certificates at Dawson include the following elements:
- Course work and opportunities for linked activities rooted in an interdisciplinary field of study;
- Accessible pathways to meet certificate requirements;
- Students and teachers engaged in a learning community that addresses contemporary issues;
- A focus on three learning outcomes: knowledge, application and agency.
Enrolling in a certificate adds value to a student's academic and life experiences at the college in several ways. Certificates engage students in a learning community of fellow students and teachers who share a passion for thinking about and finding solutions to specific contemporary issues. They foster deep learning by creating opportunities for integrative learning across General Education requirements, program courses, and activities – and also suggest new options for university degrees and future careers. Finally, certificates foster a sense of social responsibility and community engagement as students find ways to respond individually and collectively to complex social issues.
For more information, speak directly to an academic advisor.
The Certificate of Decolonization and Indigenization Studies offers students the possibility of exploring Canada's settler-colonial relationship to the diverse Indigenous peoples who have been here for millennia. They will also learn about the many ways that Indigenous peoples have continued to strengthen their cultures amidst the challenges of settlercolonialism.
The certificate provides students with the opportunity to participate in activities and events that aim to build relationships with local Indigenous communities. Indigenous resurgence, cultural and language reclamation, land rights and stewardship, and Indigenous science, are a few of the potential areas of exploration.
Upon completion of the certificate, students will be able to better understand the diversity and contributions of Indigenous peoples, across Turtle Island and globally. They will be able to critically connect the history of Indigenous communities to contemporary issues that frame the lived experiences of Indigenous peoples today, and to be a part of a dynamic, innovative and growing community of practice.
For more information, visit the Decolonization and Indigenization Studies website.
This is an interdisciplinary grouping of courses designed to help students develop an understanding of Greek language, traditions and history, which are at the root of Western civilization. Students take specially selected courses and participate in the varied activities of the Hellenic Studies Centre. Those who complete the prescribed number of these courses are awarded the Hellenic Studies Certificate upon graduation.
For more information, visit the Hellenic Studies website.
Peace Studies is an interdisciplinary, engaged, values-based field of study that integrates theory and practice. The Peace Studies Certificate invites students to reflect critically and creatively on the complex roots of violence, nonviolence, and peace, their consequences, and their roles in our world. The Peace Studies Certificate aims to prepare students to work for justice and to build peace in any context, whether in their personal or professional lives, their communities, in society, or on a global scale.
For more information, visit the Peace Studies website.
This interdisciplinary field of study explores the history of the women's rights movement around the world, gender roles and how they shape our culture. Students discuss topical issues such as abortion rights, queer identities, sexual violence and equity. Courses offered may address women's experiences throughout history and in many cultures, constructions and representations of gender in the media, sexual identities, community and cultural perspectives of gender, women's history and the politics of feminism. Students in any program of study can take courses in Women's/Gender Studies. The Women's/Gender Studies certificate comprises courses offered in disciplines as diverse as English, Humanities, History, Cinema/ Communications, Religion, Sociology, Psychology and French, among others
For more information, visit the Women's / Gender Studies website.
The SPACE: Arts and Sciences Certificate will guide students in making connections across the arts and sciences, in particular in understanding issues, concepts and experiences contextually and in applying their knowledge and skills through the development of interdisciplinary creative and/or technical projects, activities and presentations. Students will complete the certificate through individualized pathways and be given the opportunity to participate in workshops, research collaborations, excursions, hackathons and other learning activities. Participants in the certificate will also have the opportunity to share their work through articles, podcasts and other media formats on the SPACE website as well as through talks, conferences, exhibitions and annual public programming. To support their explorations, students will have access to mentorship in specialized learning environments such as makerspaces, through virtual platforms and at regular SPACE meetings.
Through a broad holistic learning experience that integrates the sciences with the arts, humanities and social sciences, the SPACE certificate will prepare students with the intellectual flexibility and adaptability to navigate our rapidly evolving world.
For more information, visit the SPACE: Arts and Sciences Certificate website.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Goqlath Castle was an ancient structure in Kol'Vat, which was the site of a famous Klingon battle. According to legend, the hero, Krim, slit the throats of the castle guards and led his forces into the fortress and captured it. Some believe it was in the stories of Goqlath Castle that the saying "four thousand throats may be cut in a single night by a running man" originated, though scholars believed the saying predated the conflict, and also that Goqlath Castle was not large enough to accomodate 40,000.
Goqlath Castle is also the name of a Klingon opera which relates the story of this battle. The opera is traditionally attributed to Emperor Sompek, and included the song "The Campaign at Kol'Vat". (TNG novel: Diplomatic Implausibility; KE novel: A Burning House)
the planet Qo'noS
landmarks and institutions Combat Testing CenterDu'HurghFederation Embassy on Qo'noSFlame Cliffs of KutabiGoqlath CastleGreat Domes of Qo'noSGreat HallHall of HeroesHall of HonorKilgore Landing BayKlingon Defense Force Command HeadquartersLukara EdificeMuseum of Military Triumph and ConquestOrion outpostPalace of KahlessPlace of HonorTactical CollegeTaklar TempleTemple of MolgarTemple of RogaxTengchaH JavThree Turn BridgeTlhIng Veng laboratoryR'kalla SquareVulcan Cuisine
nations and provinces KethaKhlaruMekro'vak


Physics - Neutrinos
ATM Ethernet Daughterboard
The Super-Kamiokande experiment is a large underground neutrino detector in Japan. 15,000 photomultiplier tubes are mounted in a large tank of water in an underground mine. The tubes measure tiny flashes of Cherenkov light given off by the passage of sub-atomic particles including muons and neutrinos.
The EDF built about 500 Ethernet readout cards which are used to transmit data from the detector to a bank of computers which identify interesting events for further analysis.
[Engineering Technical Documentation]
ATM Ethercard 1
ATM Ethercard 2
ATM Board
TKO Power Supply
This is a prototype power supply for the outer detector electronics used in the Super-Kamiokande Neutrino Detector in Japan. The prototype supply was built in the EDF, and used as a basis for production units built by Acopian, Inc.
[Engineering Technical Documentation]
TKO Power Supply 1
TKO Power Supply 2
TKO Power Supply 3
Super K QTC Module
The Super-Kamiokande experiment is a large underground neutrino detector in Japan. 15,000 photomultiplier tubes are mounted in a large tank of water in an underground mine. The tubes measure tiny flashes of Cherenkov light given off by the passage of sub-atomic particles including muons and neutrinos.
The main detector is surrounded by an outer "veto" region which identifies and rejects data from particle interactions occurring in the surrounding rock, rather than interactions in the main portion of the detector, which are the most interesting from a physics standpoint.
The EDF designed and built about 100 of these charge-to-time converter (QTC) modules which process data from the veto region.
[Engineering Technical Documentation]
Super K QTC Module 2
Super K QTC Module 1


Geriatric Care Challenges: Why Is It So Complicated??
Call us today at _PHONE_
Geriatric Care Challenges: Why Is It So Complicated?? - Aging Wisely
geriatric care doctorWhy is geriatric care so complicated? Why do so many little things seem to go wrong in the care of elders? Some facts will shed some light on the complexities of geriatric care:
Older adults with multiple conditions have an average of 37 doctor visits, 14 different doctors and 50 different prescriptions each year.
Nine in 10 older Americans have at least one chronic health condition and 77% have multiple chronic conditions.
Large numbers of older adults with multiple chronic health conditions report duplicate tests
and procedures, conflicting diagnoses for symptoms, contradictory medical information, and not receiving adequate information about potential drug interactions.
A typical primary care doctor who sees Medicare patients must coordinate care for those
patients with 229 other physicians in 117 different practices.
Wow! If you didn't think geriatric care was complex before reading those statistics, they are definitely eye-opening. They come from various studies compiled by the Campaign for Better Care, which also pulled together a great deal of information on the costs that result. For those of us assisting clients in coordinating care, we know the impacts for individuals all too well. With these complexities, there are many factors that can make care go wrong…or right.
In our experience helping families navigate care, here are a few of the reasons we believe geriatric care is so complex:
 - Patients with multiple conditions inherently present challenges and time-intensive needs. The balance of ensuring that all conditions are managed properly and coordinating amongst various specialists requires careful oversight.
 - Older patients may not be accurate in reporting information, keeping track of medications, etc. especially if they have memory issues or simply a complicated medical situation.
 - In Florida, in particular, many seniors are at a distance from adult children and other family members who may be involved in helping coordinate care. Trying to assist a loved one to manage care from a distance comes with unique challenges.
 - Seemingly simple issues can complicate care and these issues are not necessarily a typical part of the medical care process, though providers trained in geriatric care have an understanding of their importance. Some examples include: timing of medical equipment delivery after a hospital discharge, ensuring nutritional needs, patients missing appointments due to memory issues or lack of transportation.
We have written many articles on our blog as well as for other publications about some of these issues, particularly the problems in hospital readmissions for seniors, which result from many of these complexities. Many hospitals and other geriatric care providers are working on systems to address these issues and programs to reduce unnecessary readmissions. While many simple individual factors may make up the problem, taken all together, the "problem" is complex to solve.
What are some of the ways families and seniors can contribute to their own improved geriatric care?
 1. Find out what type of specialists you need and when. Depending on your loved one's age, diagnoses and history, it may be time for a geriatric specialist or someone to manage the specific condition. A primary care physician trained in geriatrics has the training to recognize some of the issues stated above. But, also understand that when seeing a variety of specialists, care coordination is a must and an area where the patient, family or advocate are going to have to take an active role (and/or bringing in a professional patient advocate to help).
 2. Communication is one of the most important factors and frequently breaks down. You (or your advocate) need to share you medical history, provide accurate background, and help providers to gain a picture of the situation so they can do the best job. For example, a typical elder presenting at the emergency room without an advocate may not be able (whether due to memory issues of just being too ill) to report accurately or may not share everything that is happening. This can make it very difficult for the providers, who are seeing this patient for the first time, to make a good decision about course of treatment/admitting the patient to the hospital. There is also a vital need to communicate between providers, ask questions and follow up as needed.
 3. Watch medication issues carefully. When you have a hospitalization or a new specialist, check about medication interactions. You should: always provide an up-to-date list (or the bottles themselves) of everything you are taking; consider a pharmacist review (there are geriatric consultant pharmacists also); double check that you understand all medications and how to take them; make notes of medications that cause side effects or don't work and provide that to each medical provider as well. Review if your loved one really understands and can manage the various medications and consider medication management services.
Need help from a professional patient advocate or want to find out more about the ways an advocate can help your family improve your geriatric care outcomes? Call us at _PHONE_ or click below to request more information:
get-help-from-our-patient-advocates
We invite you to share your experiences with geriatric care in the comments section below. What have you found most challenging? What are your frustrations (whether as a patient, family member or medical provider)? What resources have helped you?
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Find out if its time to seek help for your loved one.
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Mission Statement
Our goal is to enable every individual we work with to live the most fulfilling life possible, with utmost dignity, focusing on their physical, mental, spiritual, family and financial wellbeing.


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The Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) is an instrument for evaluating the income of agricultural holdings and the impacts of the Common Agricultural Policy.
No bulk downloading. Material is available through a search interface:
There are also various PDF, DOC and other files available at:
Information on data can be found at:
Free to be re-used as long as attribution is given. The Copyright notice on the European Commission website states:
Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged, save where otherwise stated.
Where prior permission must be obtained for the reproduction or use of textual and multimedia information (sound, images, software, etc.), such permission shall cancel the above-mentioned general permission and shall clearly indicate any restrictions on use.


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To optimize the use of natural water resource.
To increase the ground water table.
To efficiently use the water in the campus.
To reuse the waste water.
Institute implements the following practices/initiatives towards establishment and maintenance of water resources.
1. Rain water harvesting:
The institution has established roof top rain water harvesting system with 1500 liters capacity. The harvested water is used for gardening and cleaning purpose.
2. Soak pits and Bore well recharge:
The institution has constructed soak pits at different roof top outlets to increase the ground water table. And bore well recharge pits are constructed to increase the bore well water level.
3. Construction of tanks:
Concrete and sintex overhead water tanks are established in the campus to save and distribute the water to various places in the campus.
4. Drip & Sprinkler irrigation systems:
The institution has established drip and sprinkler irrigation systems in the gardens for wise utilization of water.
5. Regular monitoring of water distribution system:
The institution plumber and his team regularly monitor the leakages at taps, joints, flushes, water tanks and water coolers to reduce the wastage.
Fixing of low flow faucets in taps.
Avoiding autoclaves and insisting the students to turn off the sink taps when smudging the glassware in the chemistry laboratory to reduce the use of water.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
- Historic Sites
The modest brick home was commandeered to be used as the Federal Command Post while the Carter family, and two neighboring families, took refuge in the basement. At 4 PM on November 30, 1864, General John Bell Hood gave the order for the Confederate Army of Tennessee CSA to attack the breastworks held by the Federal troops in Franklin. The battle that ensued is now called "the Gettysburg of the West". The 1,000 bullet holes that today remain in the side of the house testify to the ferocity of the fighting. Indeed, the Carter house is the most bullet-damaged building that remains standing from the entire Civil War. This Registered National Historic Landmark is now open to the public and serves as a memorial to the Carter Family and to the countless heroes in the Battle of Franklin. Visitors tour the house with a guide who explains the rich history of this tragic site.


RAMFS SYSFS and TMPFS on Linux
These three are all in-memory file-system. Sysfs was originally based on ramfs. ramfs was written around the Linux 2.4 time. It's an exercise in elegance, as it showed just how easy it was to write simple filesystem using the VFS layer. Because of its simplicity and use of the VFS, it provided a good base from which to derive other in-memory based filesystems.
Using in-memory fs you can allocate part of physical memory to be used as a harddisk partition. You can mount this partition and start writing and reading files like a harddisk partition, it will be much faster for sure. When a vital process becomes drastically slow because of disk writes, you can choose either ramfs or tmpfs file systems for writing files to the RAM.
Both tmpfs and ramfs mount will give you the power of fast reading and writing files from and to the primary memory. When you test this on a small file, you may not see a huge difference. You'll notice the difference only when you write large amount of data to a file with some other processing overhead such as network.
How to mount Tmpfs and Ramfs
# mkdir -p /mnt/{tmp,ram}
# mount -t tmpfs -o size=50m tmpfs /mnt/tmp
# mount -t ramfs -o size=50m ramfs /mnt/ram
You can mount ramfs and tmpfs during boot time by adding an entry to the /etc/fstab or execute the above mount command when starting your system.
Difference between Ramfs and Tmpfs
Generally ramfs and tmpfs does the same thing with few minor differences.
* Ramfs will grow dynamically. So, you need control the process that writes data to make sure ramfs doesn't exhaust all avaliable RAM in your system, otherwise an OOM will occure which might cause some potential damage. Assume that you have 2GB of RAM and created a 1 GB ramfs and mounted as /mnt/ram. When the total size of the /mnt/ram crosses 1GB, you can still write data to it. System will not stop you, when it goes above total RAM size of 2GB, the system may hang, as there is no RAM for other operation.
* Tmpfs will not grow automatically. It's more like a harddisk partition. It does not allow you to write more data to the mounted tmpfs. When you try to write more data the specified limit, It'll output errors like this:
bash-3.20# cp 20mb.tgz /mnt/tmp
cp: writing '/mnt/tmp/20mb.tgz': No space left on device
* Ramfs does not use swap while Tmpfs uses.
Ramfs and Tmpfs Disadvantages
Since both ramfs and tmpfs is writing to the system RAM, it would get deleted once the system gets rebooted, or crashed. If the data is critical, you should write a script to pick up the data from ramfs/tmpfs to disk in periodic intervals, and another script to write down the data from ramfs/tmpfs to disk while the system is shutting down. But, this doesnt help you when system crash.
======== Comparison of ramfs and tmpfs =======
Experimentation ——– Tmpfs ———— Ramfs ——–
continue writing —- display error —– continue writing
Fixed Size ————— Yes —————– No ————
Uses Swap ————- Yes —————— No ———–
Non-volatile ———— No —————— No ———–
If you want your process to write faster, opting for tmpfs is better, frankly it's mostly used to store php sessions.
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Tag: APUs
Apus ( /ˈeɪpəs/) is a faint constellation in the southern sky, first defined in the late 16th century. Its name means "no feet" in Greek, and it represents a bird-of-paradise (which were once believed to lack feet). It is bordered by Triangulum Australe, Circinus, Musca, Chamaeleon, Octans, Pavo and Ara. Its genitive is "Apodis".
Apus was one of twelve constellations created by Petrus Plancius from the observations of Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser and Frederick de Houtman and it first appeared on a 35 cm diameter celestial globe published in 1597 (or 1598) in Amsterdam by Plancius with Jodocus Hondius. Plancius called the constellation "Paradysvogel Apis Indica"; the first word is Dutch for 'bird of paradise', but the others are Latin for "Indian Bee"; "apis" (Latin for "bee") is presumably an error for "avis" or "bird". The name "Apus" is derived from the Greek "apous", meaning "without feet", which referred to the Western conception of a bird-of-paradise as one without feet, a…


Road Landscaping
Landscape is partially formed by the law of nature and partially by the actions of human beings. How one interprets a forest road within a landscape is influenced by one's own personal experiences, objectives, hopes and attitudes.
Landscaping is very much a matter of aesthetics. Anyway in forestry and forest road building a planner is faced with the task of optimizing economics, ecology and aesthetics at the same time.


text:
Just a few weeks ago Google received a record €50m (£44m) fine under data protection regulation, sending out a clear warning that companies need to proceed with extreme caution when harvesting, storing and using customer information. Now it has emerged that the IT sector, including social media, has seen the most significant year-on-year growth in reported ethical lapses.
The figures come from the Institute of Business Ethics (IBE), which monitors the number of news stories in the UK media featuring "lapses" in business ethics.
Banking and finance remains the area with the highest number of stories focused on ethical missteps, but IT has gone from number three to number two, indicating a significant uptick in the volume of bad news emerging from the tech sector.
The IBE recorded 48 ethics issues in IT during 2018, compared with 58 in banking and finance. The highest proportion (27%) of ethics issues in IT stem from data protection and privacy issues, while 19% come from behaviour and culture.
Fuelling the rise was the introduction of the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), giving customers or website users greater rights over their personal data.
But hacking is also an issue. Last year saw cyber security breaches at British Airways, T-Mobile, Facebook and Google+ grab the headlines as millions of customers had their data stolen by criminals.
Hacking caused the public to "question how their data is stored and used, which forced some companies to defend the way they manage the personal information of their customers and other stakeholders," according to the IBE.
But non-compliance with regulation is now a major issue for tech companies. Google's €50m fine from the French data regulator in relation to GDPR breaches was the first penalty of its scale. Experts believe, however, it will not be the last. In a clear sign that some of the biggest IT players are at risk, Ireland's data commissioner opened an inquiry into Twitter last month.
There have been sharp reminders that companies need to take care. On the recent Data Protection Day, UK information commissioner Elizabeth Denham said: "In these data-driven times, when public trust in how personal data is used is low, organisations must seize the opportunity to have a positive and direct impact on consumer and citizen trust."
Meanwhile, banking and finance has its own worries, driven largely by news media focusing on historical events.
"This, perhaps, indicates that the public is looking for greater openness about business culture," according to the IBE.
"As a result, the media is responding with a more active approach to exposing lapses which have happened in the past and it seems that the banking and finance sector is still trying to catch up with the consequences of these prior ethical lapses."
Researchers at IBE say while most reported events are historical, it does not necessarily mean current behaviours are improving. The figures do demonstrate that reporting of ethical lapses in other sectors is growing.
Perhaps the headline issue for most workers will be news that treatment of employees was the subject of most reports of ethical lapses, according to the IBE. Much of this was generated by the treatment of workers in the gig economy and on zero-hours contracts, a section of the workforce on the front line of many new services driven by the digital economy. That could mean the companies in those areas still need to work on their cultures.
That said, recent news stories—including the delivery company Hermes and its new deal for drivers—also demonstrate a big effort to get on top of the problem. Linn Byberg, a researcher with the IBE, points out that "gig economy employers are trying to improve their reputation and workers' rights in an industry that has yet to find answers to a variety of business ethics questions and dilemmas."
The IBE's report outlines the dangers of failing to grapple with ethics. "Any company mentioned in such a news story often suffers reputational damage and may be implicated in legal proceedings for breaking the law or to attempt to relieve the damage caused," it says. You've been warned.
*This article was updated on 5 February, 2019.


text:
7.4. Polarization Position angles and Physical Parameters
The Extreme IR polarization data for these dusty objects can reveal the magnetic field direction (from polarization position angle), and the degree of polarization (from polarization amplitude and total continuum), and can permit testing physical models. The total continuum emission allows the derivations of the 'optical' depth and thermal density upon reasonable physical assumptions (e.g. McCutcheon 1992).
In the following I describe briefly the physical correlations obtained so far in the submillimeter / Extreme IR, involving the position angle of polarization. More observations would certainly improve and extend these correlations, and then a proper testing of these correlations against the theoretical model predictions could be done better.
7.4.1. Angle Correlation 1 (B shape and companionship)
An interaction effect among companion disks is possible. In Table 1, the presence or absence of a cold gas companion nearby (within two source radii) seems to be correlated with the angular difference between the magnetic field direction and the source elongation. Most sources in this Table 1 having 'a poloidal magnetic field direction' also have 'a nearby companion within two source radii', and those having 'a toroidal magnetic field direction' are more likely to be isolated. A similar correlation for 3 low-mass sources has been noted by Holland et al. (1996): two sources with companions have a poloidal magnetic field, one source without companion has a toroidal magnetic field. More data are badly needed.
|Object||B||Source|||PA(B) -||Total||Source||Gas||Cold gas||Note|
|(i) B toroidal|
|s.d. of mean:||03||99||0.1||07||0.1|
|(ii) B poloidal|
|Mon R2-IRS2||170||045||55||(b)||0.02||0.7||29||SW ext.||(f)|
|s.d. of mean:||04||690||0.1||07||0.1|
| (a): Cold gas companion located nearby, no more than
two source radii away.
(b): Aitken et al. (1993), and references therein. Mid IR polarization data.
(c): Sato et al. (1985), and references therein. Near IR polarization data. These data may be due to a magnetic field or to multiple scattering. They are kept for statistical purposes.
(d): Vallée & Bastien (1998). Extreme IR polarization data.
(e): Mundy et al. (1992), their Fig. 1.
(f): Wolf et al. (1990), their Fig. 4.
(g): Vogel et al. (1984), their Fig. 3.
(h): Hayashi et al. (1985), their Fig. 4.
(i): Vallée & Bastien (1995). Extreme IR polar. data.
(j): Minchin & Murray (1994).
(k): Tamura et al. (1995)
(l): Minchin et al. (1995)
(m): Holland et al. (1994).
(n): Minchin et al. (1991).
(o): Leach et al. (1991)
(p): Akeson et al. (1996)
(q): Kane et al. (1993)
7.4.2. Angle Correlation 2 (B shape and viewing angle)
A viewing angle effect is claimed by Minchin et al. (1996), whereas poloidal magnetic field lines parallel to the minor axis of a cloudlet (or disk) can be well detected, but toroidal magnetic field lines parallel to the major axis of a cloudlet (or disk) will be subject to wide misinterpretations. Greaves et al. (1977) found with 7 sources that a small viewing angle (outflow direction close to the line-of-sight to Earth) yields a poloidal magnetic field, while a large viewing angle (outflow direction orthogonal to the l-o-s to Earth) yields a toroidal magnetic field. More observational work would help.
7.4.3. Angle Correlation 3 (B shape and beam size)
A beam size effect is claimed by Holland et al. (1996), i.e. for nearby sources the telescope beamwidth can detect well the toroidal magnetic field lines (parallel to the major axis of the cloudlet), but for distant sources the telescope beamwidth includes both the toroidal magnetic field in the denser part of the cloudlet (or disk) and the poloidal magnetic field in the huge thin envelope/outflow (above and below the elongated cloudlet/disk) thus leading to a net poloidal magnetic field. More data are needed. Figure 18 shows the possible misunderstanding due to the beam size effect. The inner circle represents a telescope beamwidth englobing a nearby cloudlet/disk (square) with a toroidal magnetic field inside (horizontal arrows) - leaving out the outer diffuse gas in the envelope/outflow above and below the disk, thus yielding a toroidal magnetic field answer. The outer circle represents a telescope beamwidth englobing a distant cloudlet/disk and its envelope/outflow (twin cones, above and below the disk) having a poloidal magnetic field (vertical arrows), thus yielding a poloidal magnetic field answer (diffuse gas over a large volume wins over dense gas over a minuscule volume).
Figure 18. Illustration of the "beam size effect", in which a small telescope beam (inner circle) sees mostly the magnetic field in the core/cloudlet/protostellar disk (rectangle), while a large telescope beam (outer circle) sees both the magnetic fields in the twin outflow/envelope (twin cones) and in the core (rectangle). For a fixed telescope beam (in angle), the cores of nearby sources are mostly seen, while the full extent of distant sources are mostly seen in the beam. Adapted from Holland et al. (1996).
7.4.4. Angle Correlation 4 (B shape and time evolution)
A time evolution may be at play. At a young age, the protostellar disk and its surroundings may both have a poloidal/vertical magnetic field. At a later age, differential rotation sets in the protostellar disk, so a toroidal magnetic field would be seen in the protostellar disk while a poloidal magnetic field would still be seen in the surroundings. More observations would help.


Piano to Bench distance, location, road map and direction
Piano is located in France at the longitude of -93.05 and latitude of 40.76. Bench is located in USA at the longitude of -111.68 and latitude of 42.5.
Distance between Piano and Bench
The total straight line distance between Piano and Bench is 1558 KM (kilometers) and 100 meters. The miles based distance from Piano to Bench is 968.2 miles. This is a straight line distance and so most of the time the actual travel distance between Piano and Bench may be higher or vary due to curvature of the road.
The driving distance or the travel distance between Piano to Bench is 1790 KM and 294 meters. The mile based, road distance between these two travel point is 1112.4 miles.
Time Difference between Piano and Bench
The sun rise time difference or the actual time difference between Piano and Bench is 1 hours, 14 minutes and 32 seconds. Note: Piano and Bench time calculation is based on UTC time of the particular city. It may vary from country standard time, local time etc.
Piano To Bench travel time
Piano is located around 1558 KM away from Bench so if you travel at the consistent speed of 50 KM per hour you can reach Bench in 35 hours and 40 minutes. Your Bench travel time may vary due to your bus speed, train speed or depending upon the vehicle you use.
Midway point between Piano To Bench
Mid way point or halfway place is a center point between source and destination location. The mid way point between Piano and Bench is situated at the latitude of 42.007530939166 and the longitude of -102.23597391194. If you need refreshment you can stop around this midway place, after checking the safety,feasibility, etc.
Piano To Bench road map
Bench is located nearly West side to Piano. The bearing degree from Piano To Bench is 277 ° degree. The given West direction from Piano is only approximate. The given google map shows the direction in which the blue color line indicates road connectivity to Bench. In the travel map towards Bench you may find en route hotels, tourist spots, picnic spots, petrol pumps and various religious places. The given google map is not comfortable to view all the places as per your expectation then to view street maps, local places see our detailed map here.
Piano To Bench driving direction
The following diriving direction guides you to reach Bench from Piano. Our straight line distance may vary from google distance.
Travel Distance from Piano
The onward journey distance may vary from downward distance due to one way traffic road. This website gives the travel information and distance for all the cities in the globe. For example if you have any queries like what is the distance between Piano and Bench? and How far is Piano from Bench?. Driving distance between Piano and Bench. Piano to Bench distance by road. Distance between Piano and Bench is 9638 KM / 5989 miles. distance between Piano and Bench by road. It will answer those queires aslo. Some popular travel routes and their links are given here :-
Travelers and visitors are welcome to write more travel information about Piano and Bench.
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Convert Excel to PDF: All You Need to Know
It is useful (but not required) to create a new .XML file for each project using Word 2007/Word 2010. If the .PDF was saved from a .doc file that you can access then copy the table from the Word file into an .XML spreadsheet. Sometimes, a .pdf is saved from a .doc and the text in the .pdf is selectable. Then you don't need the .doc because you can select text from the .pdf file. However, some .pdf files are just scanned bitmap (.bmp) files that are saved as a .pdf file. In that case, use text recognition software with optical character recognition (OCR) to pull text from the .pdf file. Then paste it into a .doc and format it into a table and then copy/paste into the .XML file. It is useful (but not required) to create a new .XML file for each project using Word.


How to Test a Bestec PC Power Supply
By Gabriel Dockery
Testing a Bestec PC power supply is essential to not only ensure that you are utilizing a safe power supply, but also that the power supply is not the cause of a malfunctioning system. Thankfully, Bestec power supplies conform with the ATX form factor and specifications, which allow for a signaling wire in the power supply's main connector for testing purposes. It is the signaling wire that we'll use to test the operation of the power supply.
Step 1
Find the main PC connection from the power supply to the motherboard. This connection will be either a 20-pin or 24-pin connector.
Step 2
Orient the connector so that the side clip is facing to your left. This clip is the one that attaches to the side of the main power connector on the motherboard.
Step 3
Unfold a paperclip so that it is in the shape of a U.
Step 4
Locate the green wire connected to the power supply's main connector. There will be only one green wire connector among the 20 or 24 wires.
Step 5
Insert one end of the paperclip into the green wire's connection hole.
Step 6
Locate one of the black wires immediately next to the green wire and insert the other end of the paperclip into its connective hole. There will be two black wires beside the single green wire; either wire may be used for this test.
Step 7
Plug the power supply in to an available wall outlet and turn it on using its power switch.
If the fan within the power supply turns on, then the power supply is indeed functional and without failure. The green wire on the power supply sends an operational signal to signify that the power supply is functional. In the event that a portion of the power supply was not functioning correctly, the green wire would not send the signal and the power supply would fail to turn on.


text:
New research from the University of Florida highlights the most effective strategies for applying fertilizer to produce more consistent results with less environmental impact.
Click on the PDF in the LearnMore! box to view all figures, charts and graphs.
We surveyed several leading liner producers on how they applied water-soluble fertilizer during a four-week cropping cycle with vegetative annuals (Figure 1). While there are many ways to deliver nutrients during cutting propagation, some strategies for applying fertilizer produce more consistent results with less environmental impact than others.
This range in the application of water and fertilizer raised several research questions that have driven Kate Santos' Ph.D. project on cutting nutrition. In this article, we describe a few of our findings from university trials and grower experience as part of the Young Plant Research Center program.
Nutrition Requirements of Unrooted Cuttings
Unrooted cuttings (URCs) require higher tissue nutrient levels than finished plant material because tissue nutrient concentrations often drop from just after sticking until roots begin to form. If the cuttings contain a high level of nutrients (relative to finished plant material), then this drop will not cause a problem because the tissue levels never reach a minimum critical level that affects growth, if fertilizer is supplied throughout the rooting cycle (Figure 2). However, if the nutrient levels in the URC are low to begin with, then this drop can cause nutrient levels to drop below the critical level, often causing the appearance of nutrient deficiencies, slow or non-uniform rooting, or greater susceptibility to diseases.
One of the biggest problems we found was the lack of information on tissue nutrient levels in URCs and how they related to published levels in finished plant material. We therefore asked cuttings suppliers and rooting stations to send in tissue samples from healthy URCs for nutrient analysis. We collected more than 4,000 tissue samples between 2004 and 2008, and we now have information on 89 plant species. We have included the survey results for petunia (Figure 3), and other results will be published later this year. Overall, we have found that stock plant producers are doing a good job providing rooting stations with cuttings that are high in initial nutrient levels relative to finished plant material (Figure 4).
In your own operation, if you consistently see deficiencies in cuttings during propagation (Figure 5), check nutrient levels of the URCs using a tissue analysis, and increase stock plant fertilizer levels. It is common to see deficiencies in tip cuttings taken off a tray, because those tip cuttings are likely to have low initial nutrient levels unless you have adequately fertilized mother plants in the tray.
Maintain Steady Supply
Once root initials emerge, cuttings need a constant supply of nutrients. There are several ways to do this at the stage when roots emerge.
Include a pre-plant charge, and minimize leaching. Most pre-plant nutrient charges are highly soluble. Our research has shown that once a complete container volume of water is leached through a plug tray, that pre-plant charge is gone. We developed a simple collection tray method to measure leaching, which growers use to refine their mist practices (Figure 6a). When we used this method in several grower locations, we found that some growers leached a container volume very quickly, within a week of sticking, whereas other growers used much less water.
Apply a fertilizer drench as soon as mist is reduced. Growers typically apply 200- to 250-ppm nitrogen from a complete fertilizer as a one-time drench.
Apply fertilizer in the mist system from sticking on. Mist fertigation is most effective for crops that show nutrient deficiencies early during propagation at your location, if URCs arrive looking nutrient deficient, or if you are taking tip cuttings from liners that were grown lean. Most growers only apply 50- to 100-ppm nitrogen during mist fertigation to avoid salt burn.
As with any change in your management, trial the fertilizer method you use on a small group of plants before applying to the entire crop. Once plants are off mist, most growers apply 150- to 200-ppm nitrogen. Higher fertilizer concentrations tend to increase shoot growth and decrease root growth.
Research emphasizes that nutrient deficiency during propagation is less likely if URCs have adequate nutrient levels prior to sticking. Even with a URC high in nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron and boron (the most common deficiencies in cuttings), it is easy to run into deficiency issues during propagation. Nutrients need to be supplied to cuttings by the time roots begin to grow, either through a pre-plant charge, corrective fertilizer drench or mist fertigation. A moderate fertilizer level (100- to 200-ppm nitrogen) with minimal leaching will provide the best combination of root and shoot growth without excess runoff.
The authors thank the American Floral Endowment, the University of New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, InnovaPlant (Proven Winners), Oro Farms, Bodger Botanicals, Syngenta Flowers, Ball FloraPlant, Dramm Corporation, Hortimax, and our Young Plant Research Center partners — Altman Plants, Blackmore Co., Center Greenhouses, D.S. Cole Growers, Ellegaard, Fafard, Florida Plant Specialist, Four Star Greenhouses, Greencare Fertilizers, Knox Nursery, Kube-Pak Corp., Lucas Greenhouses, Pindstrup, Pleasant View Gardens, Premier Horticulture, Quality Analytical Laboratories, Smith Gardens, Sun Gro Horticulture, Wagner Greenhouses and Welby Gardens — for supporting this research.


text:
Daly City, California
1957 March 22 19:44:21 UTC Magnitude 5.3
1957 March 23 08:13:48 UTC Magnitude 4.2
These earthquakes caused property damage estimated at $1 million and injured about 40 people. The first and strongest shock caused one death. Minor damage at several houses was reported along the ocean in the Westlake-Palisades tract, west of Daly City. Many chimneys were damaged at Daly City. In San Francisco, damage to chimneys, plaster, windows, and merchandise was widespread. The pavement along the edge of Lake Merced sloughed off into the lake, and both ends of a pedestrian bridge collapsed. Landslides blocked State Highway 1 near Mussel Rock, and the shoulder of the highway was cracked extensively.
The main shock was felt over a moderate area of west-central California, and many aftershocks were observed. The shock on March 23 caused slight damage at Menlo Park and San Francisco.
Abridged from Seismicity of the United States, _PHONE_ (Revised), by Carl W. Stover and Jerry L. Coffman, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1527, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1993.


SmileDetector: Detecting and Rating Smiles
Proposal
Medium Article
Introduction
Smile! Ever wonder if machine learning models can recognize facial features like humans can? Well, here's your answer! Project director Noah Cristino and his team created a multi-step approach for detecting smiles. Rather than using a standard CNN, the developers were able to reduce the model's input size significantly using a novel approach. The result is a model that can perform smile classification with high accuracy in a fraction of the time of comparative models. Its name? SmileDetector!
SmileDetector has the potential to increase the quality of life of consumers by being applied in a variety of settings, including engagement analysis, marketing, and photography. This feature can be integrated into camera apps to detect smiles, in order to help take pictures of children and babies, who struggle to keep prolonged smiles for pictures. In the future, if this technology is extended to detect a variety of other facial expressions, it has massive potential to be used on video streaming platforms to rate user engagement.
Smile detection with lip keypoint
Framework
Dataset
The GENKI-4000 Dataset compiled by the MPLab at UC San Diego was used to train the model. This dataset consists of 4,000 images that all contain faces that are either smiling or not smiling. This dataset is tagged with 1 = smiling, 0 = not smiling.
GENKI-4000 Dataset
Preprocessing
A program takes the input image, resizes it, and converts it to grayscale. This image is then passed into the DLib model, and facial vectors are generated. The vector representing the bridge of the nose is used to rotate the facial vectors so that the nose bridge is perfectly vertical. The vectors are then localized to deal with the fact that the face can be a different size in each image. These vectors are then taken and added to the ones around the mouth to a list. This list is passed into the SVC model, which detects whether the image contains a smile or not.
Face Keypoints
Architecture
Network Structure The DLib Facial Detect model uses a Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) feature combined with a linear classifier, an image pyramid, and a sliding window detection scheme described in this paper. This model is pretrained and provided in the DLib python library. The SVC model was trained using lists of vectors as input data, which mapped to a list of booleans that indicate smiling or not smiling.
Model Architecture
Additional Features In addition to creating the basic smile detector, the same model was used to create a video parsing feature. Using this feature, one would be able to upload a video, and then receive an edited version of that video containing only the sections where someone is smiling. This worked by analyzing keyframes in the video to see if they were smiling or not, as opposed to processing the entire video, which made for faster processing times. Using this technique, large video files could be processed in a relatively short amount of time and increase the usefulness of the model created.
Video parsing tool
Conclusion
Our project resulted in a much faster model than competing smile detection models while maintaining high accuracy. The speed allowed us to perform a live video analysis up to 720 FPS, allowing us to analyze webcam footage in real-time. This makes it possible to use our model for applications previously not possible with other competing models. Furthermore, we can analyze higher resolution cameras in real-time and run our model alongside others due to its small size. This allows us to generate additional data that can be used alongside the user's emotion for analyzing engagement. Shrinking the number of required resources to create a faster model has allowed us to use this technology in new ways and outperform existing models.


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An evaluation of whether a system works well enough to be fit for purpose. Normally performance refers to the speed with which a system completes an operation or set of operations over time.
Normally performance refers to the speed with which a system completes operations. This general consists of response time and throughput either of which could be more critical in a given situation. A system will have to meet certain performance criteria to be judged useful, and from this perspective has a subjective aspect.
Database systems often have issues with performance arising from queries with suboptimal plans that generate excessive I/O traffic. Where this happens it may be necessary to tune the system by modifying queries, adding indexes to the database or adjusting the memory allocation policies of the system. In more extreme cases the database structure may need to be modified or moved to an appropriate hardware platform.


text: The objective of Spreadsheet Query is to provide the user with two powerful tools for the strategic and competitive analysis of a nation in terms of the Millenium Development Goals. The first tool is called the Reference Matrix. The Reference Matrix creates a bubble chart that compares a Country's results with respect to a group of indicators against the results of the other countries within the same geographical region, income level or type of lending. The second tool is called the Goals Scorecards. The Goals Scorecard allows the user to follow up on a Country's performance with respect to the Millenium Development Goals, through a graphic representation of their deviations or progress achieved. Spreadsheet Query is an Excel (Microsoft Office) based application. It works with Excel 2003 and higher versions. It takes advantage of the functionality offered by these spreadsheets for the management and analysis of databases.


Ghana Rent Law
This post, authored by Emmanuel Mate-Kole, Managing Partner at M&O Law Consult originally appeared on It details all the Ghana rent laws and is a great reference for anyone looking for more information on real estate in Ghana. This post on Ghas been slightly edited for context and clarity.
Rental property is a property from which a landlord receives payments from a tenant. Rental properties may be either residential or commercial. The rights and obligations of both the landlord and the tenant in a rental property can be found in a lease or tenancy agreement. These documents are subject to statutory and common law rules.
In this article, I will show you the statutory and common law rules that every lease or tenancy agreement is subject to whether oral or in writing and how a landlord or tenant can use these rules to protect their interest or seek legal redress.
I will start by identifying the relevant common law rules and statutory rules.
1) The Common Law Rules
Rent Advance Laws in Ghana illustration by Vector Juice
Illustration by vectorjuice
The common law rules are implied. That is, they are included as part of the lease or tenancy agreement although they are not expressly stated. These include:
a) covenant for quiet enjoyment;
b) the obligation not to derogate from the grant;
c) the obligation to pay rent;
d) the obligation not to commit waste;
e) the landlord's right to enter to view the state of repair;
f) the safety or fitness for habitation
Please note that the common law rules are also implied by the Conveyancing Act. The difference is that the covenants implied by common law may be implied if there is no express provision in the lease or tenancy dealing with the issue.
However, the covenants implied by the Conveyancing Act if it is an absolute one, will apply invariably regardless of the express terms of the contract. For instance, it is an implied covenant in the Conveyancing Act that a landlord cannot contract out of the implied covenant by removing his personal liability.
Thus if a landlord attempts to remove his personal liability by stating in the tenancy agreement or lease that "he shall not be liable if the land conveyed is encumbered", such a covenant will be void because it removes the landlord's liability.
The upside of the covenants implied by common law is that they apply if the lease is oral and if it was not created for valuable consideration but the covenants implied by statute apply only if the lease is in writing and was created for valuable consideration.
2) The Statutory rules
The statutory rules are contained in various statutes namely:
 - the Rent Act, 1963 (Act 220);
 - the Rent Regulations, 1964 (L.I. 369);
 - Limitation Act, 1972 (NRCD 54);
 - the Conveyancing Act, 1973 (NRCD 175);
 - the Rent Control Act, 1986 (PNDCL 138);
 - the Courts Act, 1993 (Act 459);
These rules include:
a) Scope of application of the Rent Act
The first rule is that the Rent Act does not apply to vacant lands. Therefore if you have been given vacant land to build on, the provisions of the Rent Act will not apply to you.
b) The requirement for a lease or tenancy agreement
The second rule is that for a lease or tenancy to be valid, admissible in court and enforceable, it must have the following characteristics:
 - be in writing;
 - signed by the landlord or by his agent who is duly authorised in writing to do so;
 - stamped; and
 - registered.
Below are some exceptions to the above rule. These leases are permitted to take effect without meeting the above requirements. These include:
 - Leases by operation of law;
 - Leases by operation of the rules of equity; and
 - Leases where the lessee is in possession for a term not exceeding three (3) years.
c) The applicable rent
The third rule is that the Rent Act allows a landlord or tenant of premises or any person interested in premises to apply to a rent officer for an assessment of the recoverable rent of those premises.
Recoverable rent is the maximum amount that a landlord may lawfully receive for premises. For the purpose of the recoverable rent, premises are classified as furnished and unfurnished, and different formulae are applicable to them.
Section 10 of the Rent Act provides that, a landlord or tenant of premises or any other person interested in the premises can apply to a rent officer to assess the amount of recoverable rent of those premises.
Unless under very limited situations specified under the Rent Act, the rent officer cannot entertain an application for an assessment of a premises. The limited situations specified in the Rent Act include if an assessment has been made previously by him or the appropriate Rent Magistrate.
According to the courts in Andrew v. African Automobile [22/12/2004] Suit No. L249/98, the power of the rent officer in assessing recoverable rent is limited to the four walls of the lease and there is no room for any interpretation outside the lease.
That case was about a rent officer who had attempted to interfere with the terms of the lease in spite of an express rent review clause because he found the existing clause unconscionable in the light of the inflationary trends then. The courts agreed that the rent together with the review clause had become "insignificant and unconscionable".
That notwithstanding, the court held that the rent officer in assessing the recoverable rent had no mandate to vary the terms of the lease. It further held that the power to interfere with a term of a lease was not with the rent officer but with the courts.
d) Variation of the terms of a lease or tenancy agreement
The fourth rule is that section 18 of the Conveyancing Act affords a landlord or tenant the right to go to court to seek a variation of the terms of a lease on grounds of exorbitance. Therefore in Andrew v. African Automobile above the landlord in seeking to vary the terms of his lease because he believed he had been cheated should have gone to the courts for redress and not the rent officer.
e) Recovery of possession of premises and ejectment
The fifth rule is that section 17 of the Rent Act allows an order of ejectment or recovery of possession to be made against a tenant on the following grounds:
 1. non-payment of rent;
 2. breach of obligations in the Rent Act;
 3. nuisance or annoyance to adjoining premises;
 4. immoral or illegal use of premises;
 5. deterioration of premises owing to acts of waste;
 6. notice to quit by the tenant;
 7. premises required by the landlord; and
 8. effluxion of time.
For a landlord to invoke section 17 of the Rent Act for a tenant's ejectment, he must comply with the statutory and the common law rules. In other words, under the common law, there must be an express provision in the lease for re-entry and forfeiture for all the grounds except (i) above.
For a landlord to eject a tenant on grounds of non-payment of rent, the rent must be lawfully due. Rent cannot be lawfully due if it is rent in excess of the recoverable rent or if the tenant failed to make an advance payment of rent of one year in a yearly lease because the law permits the payment of only six months rent advance.
Also, the Conveyancing Act provides that a right of re-entry or forfeiture under a provision in a lease for a breach of a covenant, condition or an agreement in the lease is not enforceable, by action or otherwise, until the lessor serves on the lessee a notice, specifying the particular breach complained of and requiring the lessee to remedy the breach, if the breach is capable of remedy, the lessee has knowledge of the fact that the notice has been served, and the lessee fails, within a reasonable time after the service of the notice to remedy the breach, if it is capable of remedy.
f) Statutory tenant
The sixth rule is that the law protects tenants whose lease or tenancy has expired but who remain in possession of the rented premises. The statute which confers such protection on the tenant is the Rent Act.
There is however a limitation on this right of a statutory tenant in the Rent Act. The Act provides that the statutory tenant's right is a personal right to retain possession of the premises and it cannot be assigned nor does it pass on to his personal representatives upon his death.
The effect of the determination of a statutory tenancy on a sub-tenancy was stated in the case of Dhalomal v. Pupulampu [1984-86] 1 GLR 341-366 where the court held that "when a statutory tenant sub-lets part of the premises, he does not thereby confer any estate or interest on the sub-tenant. When the statutory tenancy comes to an end, the subtenant's right automatically comes to an end unless there is some statutory protection afforded him.
g) How a subtenant can become a tenant of a superior landlord
The seventh rule is that where a rented premises has been recovered from a tenant or an order or judgment for ejectment has been obtained against a tenant, the recovery of possession or ejectment of a tenant shall not affect the right of any subtenant to whom the premises or any part thereof were lawfully sublet before the proceedings for recovery of possession or ejectment were commenced to retain possession and every such order or judgment shall declare whether it shall be enforced against a subtenant or


text:
- Code of Conduct (Please note there is no longer a separate version for elementary students)
- Code of Conduct – Arabic (Arabic Translation)
The Dearborn Public Schools consider maintaining a safe, secure, and orderly learning environment our number one priority. We believe, through securing a safe, secure, and orderly learning environment, we foster the development of responsible active citizens of our city, state, and country.
A necessary step to secure such an orderly learning environment is to outline the standards for behavior by our students and staff. The Code of Conduct for the Dearborn Public Schools ensures this first step. It is through the judicious application of our Code of Conduct that we nurture responsible and caring citizens and citizenship by our students.


MACADEMY ABC (A Better Chance) Scholars
"A Better Chance has been opening the doors to many opportunities for thousands of young students who believe in Academic Advancement and educational opportunities that can advance their career path. ABC's mission is to substantiallyincrease the number of well-educated people of color who are capable of assuming positions of responsibility and leadership in American Society."
This institution carries out its mission through a signature college preporatory school program which annually recruits, refers, and supports hundreds of ABC Scholars at more than 300 of the nation's leading boarding day, private, and public schools. The students of MACADEMY School of Science and Technology have been very successful in being accepted as ABC Scholars based on their ISEE and SSAT scores. Each year, MACADEMY students take these exams and list the schools of their choice that will help them to significantly contribute to the community of leaders who can compete in High School, College, and the workplace.
MACADEMY is an institution that prepares their scholars to compete, succeed, and lead in our society.
Listed below are the names of our A Better Chance Scholars:
 1. Nathanyah Antoine
 2. Tydell Brown
 3. Dujuan Millington
 4. Laura Gonzales
 5. Tyler Forsythe
 6. Messiah McCall
 7. Abindigo Bain
 8. Tristen Odle
 9. Keith Hill
 10. Naomi Henry
 11. Brianna Nurse
 12. Jayden Mckenzie
 13. Cerena Parkinson
 14. Jonathan Barley
 15. Aniesha Dyce
 16. Isaiah Binns
 17. Marvin Gibbs
 18. Kai Owosu
 19. Abrie Clarke


Schema generator
To generate schema from your entity metadata, you can use SchemaGenerator helper. You will need to create simple script where you initialize MikroORM like this:
./create-schema.ts
import { MikroORM, SchemaGenerator } from 'mikro-orm';
(async () => {
 const orm = await MikroORM.init({
 entities: [Author, Book, ...],
 dbName: 'your-db-name',
 // ...
 });
 const generator = new SchemaGenerator(orm.em.getDriver(), orm.getMetadata());
 const dump = generator.generate();
 console.log(dump);
 await orm.close(true);
})();
Then run this script via ts-node (or compile it to plain JS and use node):
$ ts-node create-schema


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Writing a Smart Handle class using template template parameters
, 9 Jun 2003
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An article describing the use of template template parameters
Introduction
Microsoft Visual Studio 2003 supports new advanced C++ features which were not available in the previous VS versions. Template template parameters, the powerful tool for generic C++ programming, is one of them. This article describes creating of Smart Handle template class that uses the new template template parameters.
The EnsureCleanup template class from [1] is a thin wrapper around the Windows handles, which allows to create various kinds of handles (HANDLE, HKEY etc.) and releases them in the destructor. The template is instantiated with a pointer to a release function - CloseHandle, RegCloseKey etc. and an invalid handle value - INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE for the file handle, NULL for all other handles. Using the Policy-Based Design described in [2], we can replace a pointer to a release function with the Release Policy , which is a template class itself. This policy is responsible for releasing the handle in the class destructor. Replacing the C-style function pointer with a Release Policy class makes the code more generic and gives more flexibility to the Smart Handle class. As an example of such flexibility, we can use this class as simple smart pointer, providing an appropriate Release Policy.
WARNING: this code is compiled only on Visual Studio .NET 2003. It uses features unsupported in previous Visual Studio versions.
Class Design
Let's decide what the class CSmartHandle looks like. It should work with the following Windows handles types:
Handle Type Release Function Invalid Value
General Handle HANDLE CloseHandle NULL
Registry Key Handle HKEY RegCloseKey NULL
Dll Handle HANDLE FreeLibrary NULL
View of File Handle PVOID UnmapViewOfFile NULL
File Handle HANDLE CloseHandle INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE
Each Release Policy class is a template class with a Handle Type parameter. The Close function is responsible for releasing the handle:
template <typename T>
struct CCloseHandle
{
 void Close(T handle)
 {
 CloseHandle(handle);
 }
};
template <typename T>
struct CCloseRegKey
{
 void Close(T handle)
 {
 RegCloseKey(handle);
 }
};
template <typename T>
struct SCloseLibrary
{
 void Close(T handle)
 {
 FreeLibrary(handle);
 }
};
template <typename T>
struct CCloseViewOfFile
{
 void Close(T handle)
 {
 UnmapViewOfFile(handle);
 }
};
Exactly as done in [1], let's define some number of typedef for template clients (assuming that the third template parameter has a default value of NULL):
typedef CSmartHandle<HANDLE, CCloseHandle> CAutoGeneralHandle;
typedef CSmartHandle<HKEY, CCloseRegKey> CAutoRegKey;
typedef CSmartHandle<PVOID, CCloseViewOfFile> CAutoViewOfFile;
typedef CSmartHandle<HMODULE, SCloseLibrary> CAutoLibrary;
typedef CSmartHandle<HANDLE, CCloseHandle, INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE> CAutoFile;
The client code looks like this:
CAutoLibrary hLibrary = LoadLibrary(_T("psapi.dll"));
// No need to release library handle - it is closed in class destructor
So, from the clients point of view, CSmartHandle looks like EnsureCleanup. The last thing to do is to write the CSmartHandle class itself.
Class CSmartHandle
The CSmartHandle template class has the following three parameters:
 - HandleType - HANDLE, HKEY or other handle type.
 - ReleaseAlgorithm - this parameter is a template itself. It defines the Release Policy.
 - NULL_VALUE - non-type parameter which defines the incorrect handle value - NULL or INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE.
CSmartHandle class is derived from the Release Policy. Its header looks like this:
template <typename HandleType,
template <typename> class ReleaseAlgorithm,
HandleType NULL_VALUE = NULL>
class CSmartHandle : public ReleaseAlgorithm<HandleType>
{
 ....
};
The first and third parameters are simple: handle type and null value with default parameter NULL. The second parameter is a template template parameter. Writing template <typename> class ReleaseAlgorithm we define the second parameter as a template which has one class/typename parameter. This is a type definition like a function prototype: void SimeFunction(int); ReleaseAlgorithm template is instantiated with the HandleType type in the CSmartHandle code.
Note: class and typename keywords are equivalent in the template definition. According to [2] typename is better to use for template parameters which can be both simple types and classes.
The full CSmartHandle code:
template <typename HandleType,
template <typename> class ReleaseAlgorithm,
HandleType NULL_VALUE = NULL>
class CSmartHandle : public ReleaseAlgorithm<HandleType>
{
public:
 CSmartHandle()
 {
 m_Handle = NULL_VALUE;
 }
 CSmartHandle(HandleType h)
 {
 m_Handle = h;
 }
 HandleType operator= (HandleType h)
 {
 CleanUp();
 m_Handle = h;
 return(*this);
 }
 operator HandleType()
 {
 return m_Handle;
 }
 BOOL IsValid()
 {
 return m_Handle != NULL_VALUE;
 }
 ~CSmartHandle()
 {
 CleanUp();
 }
protected:
 void CleanUp()
 {
 if ( m_Handle != NULL_VALUE )
 {
 Close(m_Handle); // call to the policy function
 m_Handle = NULL_VALUE;
 }
 }
 HandleType m_Handle;
};
Extending class functionality
As template class clients we can extend its functionality by providing our own Release Policies. What about adding a Release Policy which just deletes plain pointers? With such a Release Policy the CSmartHandle class works like a very primitive smart pointer. However, first we need to add operator-> to the class:
HandleType operator->()
{
 return m_Handle;
}
The Release Policy looks like:
template <typename T>
struct CClosePointer
{
 void Close(T handle)
 {
 delete handle;
 }
};
It's impossible to make a typedef for the client code because typedef has no parameters. Client could easily use CSmartHandle with CClosePointer passing the pointer type as a parameter. Additional template CAutoPointer helps to do this:
template <class T>
struct CAutoPointer
{
 typedef CSmartHandle<T*, CClosePointer> AutoPtr;
};
Client code:
CAutoPointer<CMyClass>::AutoPtr pMyClass = new CMyClass();
pMyClass->DoSomething();
The Demo project HandleTest also contains a CCloseArrayPointer policy for use with array pointers.
Misuse of template class
Adding the smart pointer functionality creates some problems. Consider the following code:
CAutoLibrary hLibrary;
hLibrary->unused = 0;
This code is compiled and effectively crashes the program at run time. What happens? The handles are defined by such way:
struct HINSTANCE__ { int unused; }; typedef struct HINSTANCE__ *HINSTANCE;
All handles are void* pointers. However, SDK headers define each handle as a pointer to the structure with some informative name, which has the dummy member unused. The following code is compiled as well:
HINSTANCE h;
h->unused = 0;
As a template writers, we should always prefer to detect template misuse at compile time and not at run time. This problem may be solved by adding an additional parameter to the CSmartHandle template. This parameter is class PointedBy, or pointee. It is defined as empty class for the handles, which prevents using an instance of the class as a pointer. With such change the CSmartHandle definition looks more exciting:
template <typename HandleType,
 template <class, class> class ReleaseAlgorithm,
 class PointedBy = CEmptyClass,
 HandleType NULL_VALUE = NULL>
class CAutoHandle : public ReleaseAlgorithm<HandleType, PointedBy>
{
....
};
See details in the second Demo project, HandleTest2.
Performance issues
Consider the following two code fragments, first using CSmartHandle:
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
 FARPROC address;
 CAutoLibrary hLibrary = LoadLibrary(_T("psapi.dll"));
 if ( hLibrary.IsValid() )
 {
 address = GetProcAddress(hLibrary, _T("EnumProcesses"));
 }
 return 0;
}
and second without CSmartHandle:
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR*


text:
Welcome to the Global Runoff Data Centre
This is the Global Runoff Data Centre, a repository for the world's river discharge data and associated metadata.
The GRDC is an international archive of data up to 200 years old, and fosters multinational and global long-term hydrological studies. Originally established two decades ago, the aim of the GRDC is to help earth scientists analyse global climate trends and assess environmental impacts and risks. Positioned as a facilitator for exchanges between data providers and data users, the GRDC has become a focal point for international cooperation. Researchers, universities and other organisations make use of the facilities available for research programmes and projects.
The Global Runoff Database at GRDC is a unique collection of river discharge data collected at daily or monthly intervals from nearly 9000 stations in 157 countries. This adds up to around 360.000 station-years with an average record length of 40 years. The GRDC provides discharge data and data products for non-commercial applications.
The GRDC operates under the auspices of the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) and supports research on climate variability and global change. The German Federal Institute of Hydrology (Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde or BfG) hosts the GRDC in Koblenz near the confluence of the Moselle and Rhine Rivers.


text:
A grandson's photo album. Old postcards. English porcelain. A granite headstone. These are just a few of the material objects that help reconstruct the histories of colonial people who lived during Japan's empire. These objects, along with oral histories and visual imagery, reveal aspects of lives that reliance on the colonial archive alone cannot. They help answer the primary question of Lost Histories: Is it possible to write the history of Japan's colonial subjects? Kirsten Ziomek contends that it is possible, and in the process she brings us closer to understanding the complexities of their lives.
Lost Histories provides a geographically and temporally holistic view of the Japanese empire from the early 1900s to the 1970s. The experiences of the four least-examined groups of Japanese colonial subjects—the Ainu, Taiwan's indigenous people, Micronesians, and Okinawans—are the centerpiece of the book. By reconstructing individual life histories and following these people as they crossed colonial borders to the metropolis and beyond, Ziomek conveys the dynamic nature of an empire in motion and explains how individuals navigated the vagaries of imperial life.