Zero to Photon:
SDController.v: a Verilog SD card controller
2024 . 4 . 24
Photon stores its photos on a 128 GB SD card. When capturing a photo, it's first written to SDRAM, and then transferred from SDRAM to the SD card via SDController.v.
SDController.v should work with any FPGA, but it's been specifically tested and used with the ICE40 and the Yosys/icestorm toolchain.
SDController.v Overview
SDController.v is a Verilog module that provides an interface for reading from / writing to SD cards via the 4-wire SDIO interface.
Photon uses a 102 MHz clock and the SDR104 access mode with SDController.v, resulting in a read/write throughput of 48 MB/sec.
In theory SDController.v can support a faster clock, but the signal integrity of the ICE40 IO pads degrades significantly beyond 102 MHz when wired to an SD card.
SDController.v Interface
SDController.v groups its IO signals into eight ports, described below.
Config Port
The Config port controls the clock speed, clock delay, and pin drive mode of SDController.v:
input wire config_trigger,
input wire config_action,
input wire config_clkSpeed,
input wire[3:0] config_clkDelay,
input wire config_pinMode,
 - input config_trigger: a toggle that initiates a configuration change
 - input config_action: controls what action is performed when config_trigger is toggled. There are only two options: Reset and Init.
 The Reset action resets SDController.v to its default state (clock speed = slow, clock delay = none, pin mode = open drain).
 The Init action configures SDController.v to use the values from config_* inputs, described below.
 - input config_clkSpeed: controls whether the slow clock (400 kHz) or the fast clock (configurable frequency; Photon uses 102 MHz) is used.
 The slow clock is needed for SD card initialization; once initialized, the fast clock is enabled for maximum throughput.
 - input config_clkDelay: controls the delay for the clock signal that's output to the SD card.
 This permits dynamic delay adjustment to account for FPGA signal delays.
 - input config_pinMode: controls whether SDController.v drives its IOs as push-pull or open-drain.
 For SD card initialization, open-drain IOs are used because SD cards expect 3.3V signalling at 400 kHz.
 After SD card initialization, push-pull IOs are used for 1.8V signalling with the fast clock.
Command Port
The Command port is used to issue commands to the SD card, such as CMD18 / READ_MULTIPLE_BLOCK and CMD25 / WRITE_MULTIPLE_BLOCK:
input wire cmd_trigger,
input wire[47:0] cmd_data,
input wire[1:0] cmd_respType,
input wire[1:0] cmd_datInType,
output wire cmd_done,
 - input cmd_trigger: a toggle that notifies SDController.v to initiate the command; other cmd_* inputs must be settled when cmd_trigger toggles
 - input cmd_data: the entire 48-bit command; the CRC7 portion is automatically overwritten with the proper CRC
 - input cmd_respType: the response type: none, 48-bit, or 136-bit
 - input cmd_datInType: whether and how the DatIn state machine should trigger as a result of the command
 There are three options: don't trigger DatIn, trigger DatIn for a 512x1 response (eg CMD6 response), or trigger DatIn for a 4096xN response (eg mass data read response)
 - output cmd_done: a toggle that signals when the command is finished sending
Response Port
The Response port contains the SD card's response for the previous command sent with the Command port:
output wire resp_done,
output wire[135:0] resp_data,
output wire resp_crcErr,
 - output resp_done: a toggle signalling that the response has been received from the SD card; indicates that the other resp_* signals are valid
 - output resp_data: the 48-bit or 136-bit response (depending on the original command) from the SD card
 - output resp_crcErr: whether there was a CRC7 error in the response received from the SD card
DatOut / DatOutRead Ports
The DatOut / DatOutRead ports are used to perform mass writes to the SD card. Data is read from the client's registers, and then flows out of SDController.v to the SD card.
input wire datOut_trigger,
output wire datOut_done,
output wire datOut_crcErr,

output wire datOutRead_clk,
input wire datOutRead_ready,
output wire datOutRead_trigger,
input wire[15:0] datOutRead_data,
input wire datOutRead_done,
 - input datOut_trigger: toggle that starts the DatOut state machine
 - output datOut_done: signals that the DatOut state machine is finished
 - output datOut_crcErr: signals whether a CRC error occurred during the DatOut state machine
 - output datOutRead_clk: the clock for the DatOutRead port
 - input datOutRead_ready: signals when another SD block is available to be written; only checked at SD block boundaries (ie every 512 bytes)
 - output datOutRead_trigger: signals to the client that datOutRead_data should be updated with the next 16-bit word
 - input datOutRead_data: the next 16-bit word that should be written to the SD card
 - input datOutRead_done: signals that there's no more data to be written; only checked if datOutRead_ready=0
DatIn / DatInWrite Ports
The DatIn / DatInWrite ports are used to perform mass reads from the SD card. Data flows from the SD card into SDController.v, and is then written to the client's registers.
output wire datIn_done,
output wire datIn_crcErr,
output wire datInWrite_rst,
output wire datInWrite_clk,
input wire datInWrite_ready,
output wire datInWrite_trigger,
output wire[15:0] datInWrite_data,
 - output datIn_done: toggle that transitions after each SD block is written
 - output datIn_crcErr: signals whether a CRC error occurred during the DatIn state machine
 - output datInWrite_rst: a single-clock pulse that occurs when the DatIn state machine is started; can be used to reset client logic
 - output datInWrite_clk: the clock for the DatInWrite port
 - input datInWrite_ready: signals when another SD block can be accepted by the client; only checked at SD block boundaries (ie every 512 bytes)
 - output datInWrite_trigger: signals to the client that datInWrite_data contains the next 16-bit word
 - output datInWrite_data: the next 16-bit word that was read from the SD card
Status Port
The Status port contains a single output signal:
output wire status_dat0Idle
 - output status_dat0Idle: indicates the current state of the DAT[0] SD card signal
 This is used by clients to poll the SD card for completion of various operations, such as CMD11 / VOLTAGE_SWITCH and CMD12 / STOP_TRANSMISSION.
Voltage Switching
Traditional SD card initialization requires signalling to operate at 3.3V. Once initialized, the signalling voltage is typically dropped to 1.8V to support a higher clock frequency and data throughput. (Newer SD cards support LVS initialization which allows signalling to start at 1.8V, but many SD cards don't support LVS.)
This voltage-switching behavior is a pain to accomplish with FPGAs, but is possible with some discrete logic. Photon uses the following circuit to allow for low-speed (400 kHz) open-drain 3.3V signalling, in addition to high-speed (102 MHz) push-pull 1.8V signalling:
Photon's SD card 3.3V / 1.8V voltage-switching circuit
For SD card initialization, Photon lets SD_PULLUP_1V8_EN_ float to 1 (by way of the pull-up resistor), which sets the source voltage for the six 20k pull-up resistors to 3.3V, allowing for 3.3V open-drain signalling. (Photon actually uses 2.8V as the high voltage, but that's within the acceptable range for SD card 3.3V signalling.)
After SD card initialization, Photon drives SD_PULLUP_1V8_EN_ to 0, which sets the source voltage for the six 20k pull-ups to 1.8V


text:
Spray Bars to Help Test Engine Icing
Ron Colantonio (left), manager of the Atmospheric Environment Safety Technologies Project at NASA's Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, explains to NASA Administrator Charlie Bolden during a February visit how a large horizontal array of spray bars will emit a cloud of ice crystals in high-altitude, low pressure conditions that match those an airliner might experience in flight.
NASA scientists are mounting a research campaign using flight and ground tests to solve a modern-day aviation mystery involving the seemingly strange notion that ice crystals associated with warm-weather storms can be ingested into the core of a hot jet engine, melt and then re-freeze. As larger amounts of ice build up, some of the ice can break off and cause damage inside the engine, or melt and cause the engine to lose power or shut down altogether in a flameout.
Part of the research effort involves using the spray bars to simulate the icing conditions in engines on the ground at the Propulsion Systems Laboratory at Glenn. Eventually, a full-scale engine will be mounted opposite the bar array.
It is expected that data from this research effort will be used to update flight safety rules to increase safety in an aviation system that already is the safest in the world. Data also will be used by engine manufacturers to make engines less vulnerable in ice crystal conditions.
Image credit: NASA/Marvin Smith
› Read More
Page Last Updated: January 14th, 2014
Page Editor: NASA Administrator

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Azure Mobile App With Xamarin
Azure Mobile App on Windows, IOS and Android
Azure Mobile App on Windows, IOS and Android
Today, I'm going to explain how to create Azure Mobile App (Back-end) with database to use it with your client application whatever the platform IOS, Android, Windows.
What is Azure Mobile App ?
Azure Mobile App is Platform as a Service (PaaS), that offer you as a developer a set of capabilities to the web, mobile integration. For more info Azure Mobile App.
First of all, you need an Azure Account you can create if for free Azure Free Trial.
Let's start the demo.
Step 1: Create a Resource Group to put all the service and resources in it.
 1. Open azure.com and log in with your account.
 2. In the dashboard, click on Resource Groups.
 3. Click on + Add button to add a new Resource Group.
 4. Enter a name for the Resource Group, and select the subscription, and the location, in our case the nearest location is West Europe, then click Create.
This slideshow requires JavaScript.
Step 2: Create Azure Mobile App (Backend).
 1. On Azure Dashboard, click on + button, from the Marketplace list click on Web + Mobile, then click on Mobile App.
 2. Enter the App name, select which subscription to use, select the Resource group that you created before (or you can create a new one), then click on App Service Plan.
 3. In App Service plan section, click on + Create New, then enter the name and select the Nearest Location, then click on Pricing tire.
 4. Select the Pricing tire that suit your application, S1 Standard is recommended (it can scaled up and down later) and click on Select then
 5. Then click on Create in the Mobile App Section, a notification with Deployment started will appear, after a few minutes you will receive a notification Deployment Succeed.
This slideshow requires JavaScript.
Step 3: Create SQL Database.
 1. On Azure Dashboard, click on + button, from the Marketplace list click on Databases then SQL Database.
 2. Enter the database name, and select which subscription to use, and select the same resource group that you created before, then select Blank database the source of the database, then click on the Server.
 3. In the server section, click on Create a New Server
 4. Enter the server name, and the server admin login, and the password, then select the nearest location, then click on Select.
 5. In the SQL Database server, select the pricing tire, we recommend to select B Basic and wait for the deployment to finish.
This slideshow requires JavaScript.
Step 4: Add Data Connection to the App Service (Backend).
 1. In the App Service that you created before, scroll down to Data connections, and click on it, then click on + Add to create a new data connection.
 2. Select the type SQL Database, then click on SQL Database to select the Database that you created before.
 3. Set the connection string and the SQL admin username and the password and wait for the deployment.
This slideshow requires JavaScript.
Step 5: Create Easy table.
 1. In the App Service that you created before, scroll down to Easy Table, and click on it, then click on + Add to create a new data connection.
 2. In the Easy Table Section, click on Need to configure Easy Tables.
 3. In the Easy Table Section, tick "I acknowledge that this will overwrite all site contents.", then click on Initialize App, and wait until the initialization is finished.
 4. Click +Add, to add a new table.
 5. Enter the table name, and manage the permission as you need.
 6. Click on the table, then on the top bar, click on Manage Schema, then click on Add a column, and add a column(s) in your table.
This slideshow requires JavaScript.
Now we done of the Azure part, you just created a Mobile App (backend) with SQL Database, Data connections, and tables.
Let's Start the Xamarin part On Visual Studio.
Connecting your Client App with Azure Mobile App
Step 1: Create a Xamarin Android App on Visual Studio.
 1. In Visual Studio, File -> New -> Project.
 2. From the side menu, Installed -> C# -> Android -> Blank App, then enter the app name and hit Ok.
Step 2: Add Azure Mobile Client Package.
 1. In Solution Explorer, right click on your app and click on Manage NuGet Packages, then click on Browse and search for "Azure Mobile Client" and install it and click Ok and then I Accept.
 2. Wait for installation to finish.
This slideshow requires JavaScript.
Step 3: Connect Azure Mobile App with the App.
 1. On Azure, open the backend that your created, and scroll down to Quickstart
 2. Scroll down to the step 3 and follow the instructions.
 3. Uncomment the following line of code in MainActivity.cs
 SetContentView (Resource.Layout.Main);
 This slideshow requires JavaScript.
Step 4: Create a class for user table.
 1. In Solution Explorer, right click on your app, Add -> Class -> then create a new class for the table you have created on Azure.
 2. In the class create a setter and getter for the columns in user table.
This slideshow requires JavaScript.
Step 5: Adding a EditText and Button to Main.
 1. In Solution Explorer open, Resources -> layout -> Main.axml.
 2. From the ToolBox, drag and drop 2 EditText objects, and 1 Button.
 3. You can change the IDs of the objects.
This slideshow requires JavaScript.
Step 5: Let's have some code.
Simply read the comments in the code!
This slideshow requires JavaScript.
Now we are done, the app we just created on Xamarin is connected to the Azure Mobile Service and can insert records into the SQL Database.
Thank you! Hope you enjoyed the demo.
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text:
Ask a question about 'Grièges'
Start a new discussion about 'Grièges'
Answer questions from other users
is a commune
The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. French communes are roughly equivalent to incorporated municipalities or villages in the United States or Gemeinden in Germany...
in the Ain
Ain is a department named after the Ain River on the eastern edge of France. Being part of the region Rhône-Alpes and bordered by the rivers Saône and Rhône, the department of Ain enjoys a privileged geographic situation...
department in eastern France
The French Republic, The French Republic, The French Republic, (commonly known as France, is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
The Veyle is a long river in the Ain département, eastern France. Its source is in Chalamont. It flows generally northwest. It is a left tributary of the Saône into which it flows between Grièges and Crottet, near Mâcon.-Communes along its course:...
forms most of the commune's northern border, then flows into the Saône
The Saône is a river of eastern France. It is a right tributary of the River Rhône. Rising at Vioménil in the Vosges department, it joins the Rhône in Lyon....
, which forms the commune's western border.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


ReliaSpeak™ SEM1
Digital voice encryption, Support for GSM/UMTS voice, VoLTE,
and VoIP encrypted calls
How is encrypted call implemented?
ReliaSpeak™ Crypto Phone integrates ReliaSpeak™ digital voice encryption technology. During encrypted calls, it first compresses and encrypts the user's voice, and uses advanced AMSI modulation technology to convert the encrypted digital voice stream into an analog audio signal, which is then handed over to the telephone program for speech coding and cellular network communication, thereby, implements a source-level end-to-end encrypted call that is independent of the voice channel.
SECURE COMMUNICATION privacy protection
Protecting against cellular network eavesdropping and Trojan eavesdropping
Using your own Cryptographic Algorithms
Meets your specific security requirement
Customer can develop all security solutions including key management, key exchange, encryption algorithm, etc.
We provided a framework, API documentation, and some executable source code. Customer only needs to develop a corresponding system service or apps according to the provided program framework and run it in the specified path to implement algorithm replacement.
Customers can verify whether the voice is encrypted by their own key and algorithm through a simple communication test.
Encrypted calls anytime, anywhere
Whenever and wherever you are, you can find a suitable way to make encrypted calls, including 2G/3G cellular voice, VoLTE or public VoIP
Make Encrypted calls to Landline
Compatible with the ReliaSpeakTM Landline Encyptor, Make encrypted communication between landline and mobile phone possible.
Easy to Use
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General Parameters
Encrypted calls function
销 售 咨 询


text:
By Bill Holloway
A new study in the Journal of Transport and Land Use documents changes in residential property values for homes located within one mile of Charlotte, North Carolina's, new light rail line – formerly a freight rail facility. The study analyzed home values over a period of 11 years divided into four time periods: 1) prior to any concrete plans for a light rail system (_PHONE_), 2) during the planning phase (_PHONE_), 3) during the construction phase (2005-2007), and 4) since the system has been operational (2007-2008).
The 9.6-mile light rail line analyzed in the study is Charlotte's first light rail facility, making it an ideal case study for the property value impacts of rail transit service in new markets. Although many studies have documented the relationship between a home's value and its proximity to well-developed rail transit systems, the relationship between property values and proximity to semi-developed systems is less certain.
The results indicate that the price discrepancy that existed during the first time period between homes less than a quarter mile from the line, which were somewhat lower, and those between one quarter and one mile from the line – likely due to the presence of industrial land uses along the rail line – narrowed considerably over the 11-year period. At the same time, home prices in both areas trended upward throughout the study period. While there are a number of potential explanations, the authors cite improved transit accessibility, an improved image of the area following the construction of the light rail system, or an increasing number of multifamily and commercial properties in the vicinity of the light rail stations as potential causes of the increasing property values near the new light rail line.
Although more research is needed on how transportation investments affect property values, this study represents an important step in quantifying these effects in lower-density communities that do not have well-developed transit networks.
For additional information on the economic impacts of transportation investments, see SSTI's report Economic Effects of Public Investment in Transportation and Directions for the Future.
Bill Holloway is a Transportation Policy Analyst at SSTI.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Edit Article
wikiHow to Make a Concrete Vase
Three Parts:Preparing the Mold and ConcretePouring the ConcreteFinishing the VaseCommunity Q&A
Concrete vases may appear plain and simple, but they can create a beautiful contrast against the delicate, colorful flowers you put into them. They can be expensive to buy, but luckily, they are cheap and easy to make. Once you know the basics, you can experiment with all sorts of different shapes and sizes.
Part 1
Preparing the Mold and Concrete
 1. 1
 Cut a large plastic bottle down to the height you want. Choose a large plastic bottle that you want to use as the base of your vase. Use a craft blade to cut the top portion off. This will not only make inserting the smaller bottle easier, but pouring the cement in as well.[1]
 2. 2
 Choose a smaller plastic bottle for the inside of you vase. The bottle needs to be small enough to fit inside the larger bottle with at least ½-inch (1.27-centimeter) of space between the two.[2] If the bottle has a label on it, be sure to remove it first, otherwise, it will show up on the finished vase.
 3. 3
 Mix the concrete in a plastic tub or bucket. Follow the instructions on the container as each brand will be a little different. In most cases, you will need to stir 1 part water into 4 parts of cement.[3] You can use a paint stick or even a trowel to mix the concrete.
 - Always wear gloves and protective goggles while mixing concrete.[4]
 4. 4
 Consider adding some color for a marbled effect. This works great with white concrete. Scoop out some of your concrete into a separate container. Stir in some pigment into it until evenly combined. Pour the white concrete into the dyed concrete. Stir it a few times until it starts to look marbled and swirly.[5]
 - Make sure that you are using concrete-appropriate pigments. If they are not sold alongside the concrete in the store, you will need to buy them online.
Part 2
Pouring the Concrete
 1. 1
 Fill the bottle ½ to ¾ of the way with concrete. Pour the concrete in slowly so as to minimize air bubbles. Don't worry if the concrete doesn't fill your large bottle all the way. The next couple of steps will fix that.
 2. 2
 Tap the bottle against your work surface. This will remove any air bubbles and make the surface of your vase smoother in the end.[6] Keep in mind that the finished product may still have some air bubbles. This is perfectly normal and part of the beauty of concrete.
 3. 3
 Push a smaller bottle down into the concrete. Do not push it all the way to the bottom of the vase, however. As you push the bottle into the cement, the cement will raise and fill the rest of the big bottle.[7] If the concrete overflows, simply brush it away.[8] Try not to get any concrete into the smaller bottle.
 4. 4
 Add more concrete, if necessary. If the concrete level isn't high enough, use a spoon to scoop more concrete into the large bottle. Keep doing this until the bottle is filled.[9] Once again, avoid getting any concrete into the small bottle.
 5. 5
 Smooth out the concrete, if desired. Wet your finger, then use it to smooth down the concrete between the two bottles. You can also leave it as it is for a more jagged, rustic touch.[10]
Part 3
Finishing the Vase
 1. 1
 Let the concrete dry. How long this takes depends on what type of cement you used. Quick-set concrete can dry in as little as 15 minutes.[11] Other types can take up to 3 to 5 hours, or even longer.[12] Refer to the package your concrete came in for more specific drying times.
 2. 2
 Remove the outer plastic bottle. Once the concrete is solid, use a craft blade to slice down the side of the plastic bottle. Tear it away in strips, revealing the concrete vase.[13] You may have to use pliers to pull the plastic away from the concrete.[14]
 3. 3
 Cut down the inner plastic bottle, if necessary. You may have portions of the small, inner plastic bottle sticking out of the concrete. This needs to go. Use a craft blade to cut the smaller bottle down until it is flush with the top of the vase.[15] Do not remove the plastic bottle. If you do, the concrete vase may absorb too much water.
 4. 4
 Let the concrete dry further, if necessary. After you remove the concrete from the bottle, it may still feel a little damp. Set it some place where it will not be disturbed, and allow it to dry completely.
 5. 5
 Consider painting your vase. You can paint it a solid color, or you can paint designs onto it, such as strips or spots. Painting the bottom of your vase a soft pastel color will look very chic![16] You don't have to do this, but it's a great way to make you vase look more interesting!
 6. 6
 Add some felt pads to the bottom of your vase to protect your furniture. You don't have to do this, but it would be a good idea if you plan on keeping your vase on surface on delicate or fragile surfaces. Simply turn your vase over, then stick 3 to 4 felt circles to the underside.[17]
 7. 7
 Use your vase. You can use your vase to display fresh or silk flowers. If you use real flowers, fill the inner vase with water. The plastic, glass, or metal will create a barrier, and prevent the concrete from absorbing all the water.
Community Q&A
Ask a Question
200 characters left
 - You can use a cardboard mailing tube or a milk carton instead of a large, plastic bottle. Be sure to spray the inside with cooking spray first, however; this will make it easier to remove it later.[18]
 - You can use glass or metal candle votive instead of a small, plastic bottle for the inner vase.
 - If you are using a metal candle votive for the inner vase, push it in so that only the top ¼-inch (0.64-centimeter) is exposed. This will give your vase an element of design.[19]
 - If you used a glass candle votive, wipe the rim with a damp towel after the concrete starts to set up. This will prevent it from looking foggy or cloudy.[20]
 Things You'll Need
 - 1 large plastic bottle
 - 1 small plastic bottle
 - Craft blade
 - Concrete
 - Plastic bucket or tub, for mixing
 - Paint stick, for stirring
 Sources and Citations
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 2. _URL_
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 Article Info
 Categories: Concrete | Hobbies and Crafts
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How to help support sales at natural retail
How to help support sales at natural retail
The great equalizer between smaller and more sophisticated CPG companies, true category management can differentiate any brand in today's highly competitive environment. Category managers can and should support sales within their retailer partners, and there are some different approaches to consider in doing so, some of which may prove more effective than others.
Retail sales support
Most natural companies rely on relationship selling. This can be extremely effective if you have good rapport with your buyers. Decisions are based primarily on emotion and gut as opposed to facts. This can also create an opportunity for sales people armed with solutions to help retailers compete more effectively. The challenge, then, comes from dealing with new buyers, strong competitive threats from more sophisticated brands and mainstream retailers who expect more support from their brands. The old way of selling is not as effective as it once was.
Another hurdle is that most companies tend to focus their message on what's important to them—their product's value from their perspective. Unfortunately, few take the time to educate their retail customers and help build the message around their needs: satisfying customers while making a profit. Retailers want support and guidance from their manufacturer partners.
Just the facts
Fact-based selling also relies on relationships but is bolstered by solid facts, such as additional information that supports the benefit to the consumer as well as to the retailer—the heart of any category management based strategy. This can include the brand's commitment and plan to support the retailer, the market, the category, consumer insights, the potential sales for the item, schematic recommendations, etc.
Fact-based selling with category management answers the questions:
 - How does the product meet consumer needs?
 - How can the product drive foot traffic to the retailer?
 - How can the product give the retailer a competitive advantage in their market?
In answering these questions, always keep in mind the five Ps of selling: product, placement, people, pricing and promotion.
Armed with this information, your sales team will be empowered to help retailers grow in the respective categories.
What strategies differentiate your sales team from the competition?
Hide comments
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 - No HTML tags allowed.
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text:
Section 5: Driveway Angle
Two-way driveways should intersect the roadway at an angle of ninety degrees unless it is determined that a lesser angle will provide satisfactory traffic operations for the highway. Suggested limiting values on driveway angles are:
Residential Driveway: 75o
Commercial Driveway: 75o; commercial driveways expected to have a volume of 400 vehicles per day or two or more trucks/large vehicles in a one-hour period shall be designed as normal intersections (public driveway).
Normal Intersection (Public Driveway), Service Driveway and Field Driveway: 80o.
The angle of intersection between the centerline of a one-way driveway and the edge of pavement of the public roadway may be between forty-five (45o) and ninety degrees (90o). Sixty degrees (60o) is a commonly used angle for one-way driveways.


Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to: navigation, search
In imitation of the Chinese ta or pagoda. [1]
 Symbology Romanized Hangul Hanja
Orthography tap (tap)
Orthoepy, etc
Sino-Korean word from ("stupa, tower")., from Sanskrit स्तूप (stūpa).
 1. (Buddhism) a pagoda or such a monument that has evolved from the archaic stupa
 2. a tower or such a tall structure that simply takes advantage of its height
Derived terms[edit]
proper names
See also[edit]
External links[edit]
 1. ^ Erected at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, in 1761 by Sir William Chambers. His ten-storied design is a famous exception from the traditional odd number of floors.


text:
D56 motorway (Dálnice D56), formerly Expressway R56 (Rychlostní silnice R56) is a highway in eastern Czech Republic.
HMS Tuscan was a T-class destroyer of the British Royal Navy that served during the Second World War and was scrapped in 1966.
R-phrases (short for risk phrases) are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous substances and preparations.
Mini (stylised as MINI) is a British automotive marque, owned by BMW since 2000, and used by them for a range of small cars.
The R56 is a provincial route in South Africa that connects Middelburg with Pietermaritzburg via Molteno, Maclear and Kokstad.


Meet The Brave Benin Warlord Who Fought And Killed Several British Soldiers During Invasion 1897
In Benin City, the Edo State capital in Nigeria, you would notice a particular statue of a man standing tall round the city centre with a bow and arrow and dead soldiers beneath him. Many have wondered who is the man and why that statue was erected in his honor. The purpose of this article is to bring to light who this brave man is.
He is no other than General Asoro of Benin Kingdom. He is one of the most historical figures in Benin history. He was a Benin warlord, who lead other members of the Benin royal army in resisting the British invaders from entering Benin city during what is new termed "invasion 1897".
Bronze sculpture of General Asoro
According to Benin Legend, Asoro held his ground on Ring Road, where he was reported to have said the now famous statement "So Kpon Oba" which translates to mean "no other person dare pass this road except the Oba", a word which was later corrupted to "SAKPONBA", the name of a well-known road in Benin. During the Benin Invasion of 1897 which lasted for many days, it reported that General Asoro ably defended the spot almost singlehandedly where his statue now stands. He fought with poisoned arrows and bows and was fortified by magic which made him not to fall to the guns of the British army but instead and dealt fatal shots to the British army with his poisoned arrows.
On how he died, legend has it that the only condition he had to obey to in order to stay alive, was that he should never look back over his shoulder. After fighting for several days, his quiver of arrows that hung from his shoulder was mysteriously snatched away. He looked right and left but could not find it. With pressure mounting on him to locate his arrows. he then looked back on his shoulder and saw "Ofoe" which in Benin means, "the messenger of death" and died at the spot where his statue now stands in Benin.
 To celebrate his bravery and ultimate sacrifice in preserving the Benin empire, a statue of him now stands at what is now known Oba Ovonramwen Square, at the beginning of Sakponba Road, Benin City.
Opera News Olist


Christianity in the Comoros
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Christianity in the Comoros is a minority religion. Roman Catholics in the Comoros are about 4,300 (0.5% of the population). Protestants are about 1,678 persons (0.25% of the population). In 2006 four persons were detained in the town of Moroni in the Comoros. The constitution guarantees religious liberty. Christians are not allowed to witness publicly. They are subject to the denial of many civil rights. Christians are subject to societal disadvantage. There are foreign religious groups, that give humanitarian action. They do not engage in prozeliytizing however. Religious groups do not have the duty to register.
A law states that who preaches another religion to Muslims, is subject to both a prison sentence and a fine. On Ngazidja Christian liberty is greater than in other parts of the Comoros. There is a Roman Catholic church in Moroni, on the island of Ngazidja. Another Roman Catholic church is in Mutsamudu. There is a Protestant church in Moroni. According to the World Christian Encyclopedia (2nd edition), Volume 1, p. 208 there is at least one congregation of both Seventh Day Adventists and the reformed Eglise de Jésus Christ aux Comores.[verification needed]
Online Sources[edit]


text:
|On World Water Day, PAHO Urges Greater Attention to Urban Water Management|
Access to Water, Sanitation Can Reduce Disease by 80 Percent
Washington, D.C., March 22, 2011 (PAHO) – On the occasion of World Water Day, the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) called on governments, organizations, communities and individuals to focus greater attention on urban water management, and especially on the impact of urban population growth, industrial growth, national disasters and instabilities related to climate change on urban water systems.
Photo PAHO/WHO David Spitz
Luis Augusto Galvão, manager of PAHO's Area of Sustainable Development and Environmental Health, said that access to water and sanitation services can reduce water-related diseases such as diarrhea and cholera by up to 80 percent.
"In Latin America and the Caribbean, some 105 million people have no access to basic sanitation, and the majority of these people are women, indigenous people or older adults living in rural areas or on the outskirts of major cities," Galvão said in a recorded message. Access to water and sanitation can reduce the incidence of diarrhea, for example, by 50 percent, he noted.
Regional Office for the Americas of the World Health Organization


text:
get stuck. A Cochrane Review comparing induction of labour before 40 weeks for a suspected big baby with waiting for spontaneous labour, found that induction decreased the incidence of shoulder dystocia from 6.8% to 4.1%. However, they also found an increased rate of severe perineal tearing in the induction group of 2.6% vs 0.7% in the spontaneous labour group; and an increase in the treatment of jaundice for the baby (11% vs 7%). Both NICE guidelines and WHO guidelines state that induction of labour should not be carried out simply because the baby is suspected of being big. Which is interesting because both guidelines support induction in the case of GD with high BGLs where the only significant risk factor for birth is a suspected big baby.
Women with high BGLs in pregnancy need to consider the risks of possible shoulder dystocia with the risks of induction (see Berger and Melamed 2014 ) and their own individual situation and preferences. Many women with abnormal BGLs can and do have physiological births, however most follow care provider recommendations and have their labour induced. The following are some suggestions for reducing/managing complications associated with birth for women who had high BGLs in pregnancy. Most of these suggestions can be applied to physiological labour or induced labour – although an induced labour is likely to result in a smaller baby.
- Maximise the size of the pelvis – avoid positions that restrict the movement of pelvic bones (eg. don't sit on the back of the pelvis)
- Maximise the ability of the baby to rotate – A mobile mother offers lots of opportunities for baby to move – water immersion is good for this. Resting space between contractions also allows the baby to move when the uterus is relaxed. If syntocinon is regulating contractions, make sure there is a good 'resting space' between the contractions (no more than 4 contractions in 10 mins). If the woman has an epidural her care providers / support people will need to assist her to move her pelvis (eg. pelvic rocking using the drawsheet or towel).
- BG management – if the woman is insulin dependent it may be necessary to check BGLs during labour.
- Avoid interventions that cause wounds eg. c-section or episiotomy. High BGLs can interfere with healing and increase the chance of infections.
- Avoid any interventions that interfere with instinctive behaviour as the woman pushes her baby out. If she has an epidural then avoid directed pushing until the baby's head is on the perineum – and then keep it gentle with spaces in between for re-oxygenation of mother/baby and a chance for baby to rotate and move. Do not pull on the baby's head immediately after it has birthed – this can wedge the shoulders into the pelvis before they have had a chance to rotate. If there is no change with the next contraction (no rotation or descent) – then suspect shoulder dystocia. and manage accordingly.
- After birth do not remove the baby from their mother – this will result in a stress response that will burn up the baby's glycogen (glucose stores). These stores will be needed as the baby re-balances their metabolism. Any resuscitation should be done with mother and baby together.
- Prolonged skin-to-skin with mother will stabilise the baby's heart rate and temperature; reduce stress; and encourage early breastfeeding – all great for maintaining BGLs.
- Ensure the baby feeds early and often. Colostrum provides a nutrient dense package of glucose to help the baby keep their BGLs within a normal range. Even a few drops can increase the baby's BGLs significantly. Woman can express and store colostrum at the end of pregnancy to provide additional colostrum for the first hours after birth.
- The baby may have their BGLs monitored as they adjust to the withdrawal of high maternal BGLs. Any monitoring and/or management can be done with mother and baby together. Separating mother and baby is detrimental for all kinds of reasons, including BGL stabilisation.
- Observe the baby during the first week for jaundice. As discussed above, significant jaundice is fairly common for babies who produced high insulin during pregnancy. The baby may need light therapy to resolve their jaundice.
High BGLs in pregnancy alter the growth and development of the baby, increasing the chance of particular complications occurring. However, the label 'gestational diabetes' is problematic because it is poorly defined and there is a lack of evidence to demonstrate that labelling and treatment improves outcomes. Guidelines do not support induction of labour for GD unless BGLs are high. Inducing women before 40 weeks with high BGLs reduces the chance of a large baby and shoulder dystocia, but increases the chance of other complications. Labour and birth care for women with high BGLs should centre on minimising the chance of shoulder dystocia, and supporting the baby to regulate their own BGLs after birth.


text:
Paradoxical Motion of Interventricular Septum in Left Bundle Branch Block
Abnormal interventricular septal motion, with pre-ejection posterior motion and anterior motion away from the posterior left ventricular wall during ejection, was demonstrated by echocardiography in 14 out of 17 cases with complete left bundle branch block (LBBB). Two of 14 cases had intermittent LBBB and showed abnormal septal motion only during LBBB. Of the control group of 49 patients without LBBB but with cardiac disorders similar to the cases with LBBB, only two showed abnormal septal motion. However, pre-ejection motion was not seen in these two cases. During right ventricular pacing abnormal septal motion was observed in three out of ten cases. It is suggested that conduction abnormalities are responsible for abnormal septal motion in LBBB; normal septal motion in most cases with right ventricular pacing may be due to different conduction pathways not affecting the septum.
- Noninvasive technique
- Right ventricular volume overload
- Right ventricular pacing
- Received August 29, 1973.
- Accepted November 19, 1973.
- © 1974 American Heart Association, Inc.


How to transfer messages from Android to iPhone
0
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In the never-ending race to the top between Android and iOS, the main culprits have mainly been users. The urge to try out new and wonderful smartphones might have often seen you jump ship either way. However, when you do this, you are likely to encounter a well-known problem. Both types of phones use completely different processing systems. This means that you might be able to smoothly transfer some things. Chief among them is transferring messages from Android to iPhone.
If this is your situation, this article should help. It provides amble ways to copy text messages from Android to iPhone.
Two Best Methods for transferring messages from Android to iPhone
1. Move to iOS
The first way to get this done is by using the official method that was released by Apple. This method works for all Apple phones and devices that use 4.3 upwards. It allows you to transfer a lot of things completely free from your Android to the iPhone.
Step One
The first thing you have to do is to download the application on the Google play store. Once you have done it, install it and run the application on your Android device. Once you have done this, choose the option to move data from Android to iPhone.
Step Two
Make sure it has been launched. Then, make sure your wireless connection and Bluetooth are both switched on, you are going to need it through this process. Do the same for your Apple smartphone and place it side by side. Once you have done this, it's time to move on to the next stage.
Step Three
To make sure that the transfer is authorized by you, you will need to match a code. This code will be sent to both phones and you will have to verify that the codes are the same. Once you do this, then you get to choose what to move and what you can choose not to move.
2. Using Backuptrans
You also have the option of using a tool to get this done. The reason why this method might be more appealing is that you get to transfer a wider range of things including text messages.
To use backuptrans, all you have to do is to install and run the program on your computer. Once you have that figured, you will have to connect your Android and iPhone to the computer. To know about the procedure of using backuptrans, all you have to do is click the link in the first paragraph of this article.
Conclusion
So here's the deal. If you want your messages and other things transferred from Android to iPhone, then you have two really good methods. You can choose to use the official method or use other tools such as backuptrans. Before you make a decision, you should do well to consider the options that are more convenient for you. You should also consider what you want to transfer.
By considering all these variables, you set yourself for future success.
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text:
canine hemangiosarcoma cell growth and viability
Canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a malignant neoplasm of the vascular endothelium, which affects millions of dogs. The molecular mechanisms leading to HSA are unknown, and no effective treatments exist. The aim of this project was to study the sphingosine 1-phosphate (s1p) signaling pathway in HSA for the first time. The hypothesis was to determine if increased s1p/s1p1 signaling plays an important role in HSA progression.


text:
Omacetaxine Mepesuccinate (Synribo®)
Pronounced: OH-ma-set-AX-een MEP-i-SUX-in-ate
Classification: Protein Synthesis Inhibitor
About: Omacetaxine Mepesuccinate (Synribo®)
Omacetaxine mepesuccinate is a type of medication called a protein synthesis inhibitor. The exact mechanism of action is not well understood, but it does appear to work differently than other medications for CML. The medication inhibits proteins, which in turn, reduces the levels of Bcr-Abl (Philadelphia chromosome) in the body.
How to Take Omacetaxine Mepesuccinate
Omacetaxine mepesuccinate is given by a subcutaneous (SQ) injection, similar to the way insulin is given. How often you receive the medication will be determined by your provider.
Follow instructions provided by your care team on how to administer the medication. You or your caregiver should wear gloves and protective eyewear while giving the medication. If you get the medication on your skin, wash with soap and water. If you get it in your eyes, flush your eyes with water and call your healthcare provider right away. Do not eat or drink while handling this medication and always wash your hands before and after giving you the medication. Pregnant or nursing women should not prepare the dose for you. If you miss a dose, skip that dose and give the next dose at the regularly scheduled time. Do not take 2 doses to make up for a missed dose.
Storage and Handling
The medication will be pre-mixed in single dose syringes by your healthcare team. Transport the medication as instructed by your provider. You can store vials in the refrigerator for up to 6 days or at room temperature for up to 12 hours. When stored in the refrigerator, keep away from food and drink. Keep the vials out of the reach of children and pets.
Do not reuse or recap syringes or needles. Do not throw the vials, syringes, or needles in the household trash. Dispose of all used needles and syringes in a puncture-proof disposable container with a lid. The FDA provides further information about the disposal of vials, syringes and needles.
If the medication is spilled, use the supplies provided to clean up the spill. Do not touch the spill unless you are wearing gloves and protective eyewear. Use an absorbant pad to wipe up the spill. Wash the area with soap and water and use a paper towel to dry. Dispose of all materials in a biohazard container and report the spill to your provider.
Where do I get this medication?
Omacetaxine mepesuccinate is available through select specialty pharmacies. Your oncology team will work with your prescription drug plan to identify an in-network specialty pharmacy for distribution of this medication and shipment directly to your home.
This medication may be covered under your prescription drug plan. Patient assistance may be available to qualifying individuals without prescription drug coverage. Co-pay cards, which reduce the patient co-pay responsibility for eligible commercially (non-government sponsored) insured patients, may also be available. Your care team can help you find these resources, if they are available.
Possible Side Effects of Omacetaxine Mepesuccinate
There are a number of things you can do to manage the side effects of omacetaxine mepesuccinate. Talk to your care team about these recommendations. They can help you decide what will work best for you. These are some of the most common or important side effects:
Low Platelet Count (Thrombocytopenia)
Platelets help your blood clot, so when the count is low you are at a higher risk of bleeding. Let your oncology care team know if you have any excess bruising or bleeding, including nose bleeds, bleeding gums or blood in your urine or stool. If the platelet count becomes too low, you may receive a transfusion of platelets.
- Do not use a razor (an electric razor is fine).
- Avoid contact sports and activities that can result in injury or bleeding.
- Do not take aspirin (salicylic acid), non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) such as Motrin/Advil (ibuprofen), Aleve (naproxen), Celebrex (celecoxib) etc. as these can all increase the risk of bleeding. Please consult with your healthcare team regarding use of these agents and all over the counter medications/supplements while on therapy.
- Do not floss or use toothpicks and use a soft-bristle toothbrush to brush your teeth.
Infection and Low White Blood Cell Count (Leukopenia or Neutropenia)
This medication can cause life threatening infections, with or without a decrease in white blood cell counts.) White blood cells (WBC) are important for fighting infection. While receiving treatment, your WBC count can drop, putting you at a higher risk of getting an infection. You should let your doctor or nurse know right away if you have a fever (temperature greater than 100.4°F or 38°C), sore throat or cold, shortness of breath, cough, burning with urination, or a sore that doesn't heal.
Tips to preventing infection:
- Washing hands, both yours and your visitors, is the best way to prevent the spread of infection.
- Avoid large crowds and people who are sick (i.e.: those who have a cold, fever or cough or live with someone with these symptoms).
- When working in your yard, wear protective clothing including long pants and gloves.
- Do not handle pet waste.
- Keep all cuts or scratches clean.
- Shower or bath daily and perform frequent mouth care.
- Do not cut cuticles or ingrown nails. You may wear nail polish, but not fake nails.
- Ask your oncology care team before scheduling dental appointments or procedures.
- Ask your oncology care team before you, or someone you live with, has any vaccinations.
Low Red Blood Cell Count (Anemia)
Your red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen to the tissues in your body. When the red cell count is low, you may feel tired or weak. You should let your oncology care team know if you experience any shortness of breath, difficulty breathing or pain in your chest. If the count gets too low, you may receive a blood transfusion.
Your oncology care team can recommend medications to relieve diarrhea. Also, try eating low-fiber, bland foods, such as white rice and boiled or baked chicken. Avoid raw fruits, vegetables, whole grain breads, cereals and seeds. Soluble fiber is found in some foods and absorbs fluid, which can help relieve diarrhea. Foods high in soluble fiber include: applesauce, bananas (ripe), canned fruit, orange sections, boiled potatoes, white rice, products made with white flour, oatmeal, cream of rice, cream of wheat, and farina. Drink 8-10 glasses on non-alcoholic, un-caffeinated fluid a day to prevent dehydration.
Nausea and/or Vomiting
Talk to your oncology care team so they can prescribe medications to help you manage nausea and vomiting. In addition, dietary changes may help. Avoid things that may worsen the symptoms, such as heavy or greasy/fatty, spicy or acidic foods (lemons, tomatoes, oranges). Try saltines, or ginger ale to lessen symptoms.
Call your oncology care team if you are unable to keep fluids down for more than 12 hours or if you feel lightheaded or dizzy at any time.
Fatigue is very common during cancer treatment and is an overwhelming feeling of exhaustion that is not usually relieved by rest. While on cancer treatment, and for a period after, you may need to adjust your schedule to manage fatigue. Plan times to rest during the day and conserve energy for more important activities. Exercise can help combat fatigue; a simple daily walk with a friend can help. Talk to your healthcare team for helpful tips on dealing with this side effect.
Injection Site Reactions
Pain, redness or swelling may occur at the injection site. This typically lasts less than 10-15 minutes. Rotating the site of the injections is helpful to reduce injection site discomfort.
Less common, but important side effects can include:
- GI Bleed & Stroke: This medication can cause bleeding in the GI tract and stroke; particularly in patients with low platelet counts. Symptoms of gastrointestinal bleeding include unexpected bleeding, blood in the stool or black stools, coughing up blood, vomiting blood, vomit that looks like coffee grounds, fever, severe pain in the abdomen or new abdominal swelling. Signs of stroke include numbness or weakness on one side of the body, trouble talking, confusion or mental status changes. If you experience any of these, contact your healthcare provider immediately or go to the emergency room.
- High Blood Sugar: This medication can cause elevated blood sugar levels in patients with and without diabetes. Your healthcare team will monitor your blood sugar. If you develop increased thirst, urination or hunger, blurry vision, headaches or your breath smells like fruit, notify your healthcare team. Diabetics should monitor their blood sugar closely and report elevations to the healthcare team.
Exposure of an unborn child to this medication could cause birth defects, so you should not become pregnant or father a child while on this medication. Effective birth control is necessary during treatment. Even if your menstrual cycle stops or you believe you are not producing sperm, you could still be fertile and conceive. You should not breastfeed while receiving this medication.


Revision as of 15:53, 16 July 2012 by Oskar Bukolt (Talk | contribs)
HERE Maps API - How to create a KML data file
From Wiki
Jump to: navigation, search
This article explains how to create and edit a sample KML file using an online editor
Note.pngNote: in order to load a KML file successfully, the generated KML file should be hosted on the same domain as the JavaScript or the results may be unpredictable. Some browsers will automatically prohibit cross-domain access.
For example, if you are hosting at, the final line of the JavaScript to load the KML will need to be:
kml.parseKML("" + "generated_kml_data_file.kml")
and both the KML loading HTML and the generated_kml_data_file.kml should be placed on
Article Metadata
Code ExampleTested with
Devices(s): Firefox, Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Opera
Platform(s): Web Browser
Dependencies: Nokia Maps API 2.2.1
Keywords: Nokia Maps, JavaScript, KML
Created: jasfox (10 Jan 2012)
Last edited: Oskar Bukolt (16 Jul 2012)
Keyhole Markup Language (KML) is an XML notation for geographic applications. The advantages of using KML are numerous, and have been listed in a previous article. The learning curve for KML is quite steep, requires a thorough understanding of both XML and mapping technologies, and since the reference documentation is written for 3d rather than 2d maps, much of it is irrelevant for simple mapping cases. All this means that some web developers are put off using KML, which is a pity, since KML is a standard data format, and the use of KML would result in the faster porting of a mapping applications to other platforms.
In order to remedy this, it would be useful to have a WYSIWYG point and click KML generator, where a map could be edited on screen, and the resultant KML file generated. The coded example below, attempts to fill this gap as shown.
After the usual Map set up, we need to get a reference to each of the text boxes on the right of the screen. This is done by using document.getElementById()
var lat = document.getElementById("lat");
var lng = document.getElementById("lng");
var waypoints = document.getElementById("waypoints");
var title = document.getElementById("title");
var name = document.getElementById("name");
var description = document.getElementById("description");
var address = document.getElementById("address");
var icon = document.getElementById("icon");
var styleURL = document.getElementById("styleURL");
var lineStyleURL = document.getElementById('lineStyleURL');
Adding Markers
Markers can be added by pressing and holding down the mouse, this is the longpress event. An event handler has been added to the map to cope with this. The associated values such as and come directly from the text boxes defined above.
eventExEl.addListener("longpress", function(evt) {
var markerData = new Object();
markerData.coords = map.pixelToGeo(evt.targetX, evt.targetY);
markerData.title = map.objects.getLength() + 1;
markerData.description = description.value; = name.value;
markerData.address = address.value;
if (icon.value!= ""){
markerData.icon = icon.value;
} else {
markerData.styleURL = styleURL.value;
}, false);
An alternative method of adding a marker is by adding an address. This uses the standard geoCoding service, and picks the first address found on the list. If your address is in the "wrong" format, just try making the address more general for now e.g.try the city only. The handler for geo-coding retrieves most of its information from the text boxes on the right hand side of the screen, but the address comes from the callback function.
var searchManager =;
searchTerm : address.value,
onComplete: onSearchComplete});
 var onSearchComplete = function (data, requestStatus) {
// If the search has finished we can process the results
if (requestStatus == "OK") {
var markerData = new Object();
markerData.coords = data.location.position;
markerData.title = map.objects.getLength() + 1;
markerData.description = description.value; = name.value;
var address = data.location.address;
markerData.address = "";
markerData.address = markerData.address + address.houseNumber + "\n";
markerData.address = markerData.address + address.street + "\n";
markerData.address = markerData.address + address.district + "\n";
markerData.address = markerData.address + + "\n";
markerData.address = markerData.address + address.postalCode + "\n";
markerData.address = markerData.address +;
} else if (requestStatus == "ERROR") {
alert("The search request failed.");
The addMarkers() method actually adds the marker, which itself contains a copy of its own , , & etc. The marker has two events:
 - a click event to display the data in text boxes for editing. This will also display an infobubble if the field is set. A reference is kept on the currentMarker i.e. the last one selected.
 - a drag event to remove the infobubble if a marker is repositioned. All markers are defined as draggable so the user can reposition them as necessary.
function addMarker(markerData) {
var marker;
marker = new, {
text: markerData.title, //small title
draggable: true, //the marker is marked to be draggable
$data: markerData
marker.addListener("click", function(evt) {
title.value =;
description.value =$data.description;
address.value =$data.address;
name.value =$;
styleURL.value =$data.styleURL;
lat.innerHTML =;
lng.innerHTML =;
if ($data.description!= ""){
} else {
currentMarker =;
}, false);
marker.addListener("drag", function(evt) { infoBubbles.removeBubble();}, false);
Editing Marker Data
The editMarker() method, removes the currentMarker and adds another one with the current data from the text fields.
function editMarker() {
var markerData = new Object();
markerData.coords = currentMarker.coordinate;
markerData.title = title.value;
markerData.description = description.value; = name.value;
markerData.address = address.value;
if ( description.value != ""){
infoBubbles.addBubble(markerData.description, markerData.coords );
Adding Polylines
It is impossible to create Polylines without first having some defined waypoints. The waypoints are merely geo.Coordinates, so a button has been added to take the coordinates of the currentMarker and add them to an array. The marker is then removed to "tidy up" the display. When the create line from Waypoints button is pressed, the Polyline is created.
Warning.pngWarning: There is currently no method to delete waypoints or Polylines, this must be done by editing the KML directly.
var currentWaypoints = new Array();
currentWaypoints.push( currentMarker.coordinate);
function createLineFromWaypoints() {
var lineData = new Object();
lineData.lineNo = map.objects.getLength() + 1;
lineData.waypoints = currentWaypoints ;
if( lineStyleURL.value!= ""){
lineData.styleURL = lineStyleURL.value;
color: "#22CA",
width: 5,
$data: lineData
currentWaypoints = new Array();
waypoints.innerHTML = "";
KML Generator
The saveMapObjects() method has been taken from the converting from JavaScript to KML article. All the map Objects currently on screen are iterated through and added as KML equivalents. In order to discourage the use of inline styles, a element has been added. This should refer to a


text:
The fundus in focus: retinal image assessment
This interactive visual recognition and discussion session will offer insights into the importance of fundus image quality in the identification of a number of common conditions, including diabetic retinopathy, AMD and optic disc anomalies. Registrants will view a selection of fundus images and answer a series of questions before participating in a discussion covering the issues raised by each case. The session will include a review of the current photographic marker-based diabetic retinopathy grading systems used in the UK.
Practitioners will be able to interpret digital fundus images and communicate specific findings to the patient
Practitioners will be able to recognise different levels of diabetic retinopathy and classify the level of disease using recognised national grading protocols
Practitioners will be able to identify a number of different conditions, which can be detected using digital fundus photography


Plant 323
Senegalia senegal (L.) Britton (Fabaceae)
Gum acacia
Acrimonious, arcane argument in the mid-2000s resulted in all African acacias losing their place in the genus Acacia. However, such scientific name shifts change nothing regarding the ecological, cultural, social and economic importance of these leguminous African trees. Researchers from the Oxford Forestry Institute spent decades investigating the biology and genetic improvement of multipurpose African acacias.
Globally, gum arabic is the most economically important material produced by African acacias. The international gum arabic trade is ancient. Egyptians were trading it from at least 3400 BCE, using it in everything from mummification to cosmetics and inks. By the seventeenth century and eighteenth century, gum arabic trade with Europe had shifted to West Africa.
Between 2014 and 2016, crude gum arabic exports from Africa (primarily Sudan) were worth over US$150 million; the majority was imported by France and India. This polysaccharide-rich gum is the dried sap that leaks from the trunks and branches of two African acacias: Senegalia senegal and Vachellia seyal, of which the former is the most important.
Gum arabic dissolves in water to produce highly concentrated, low-viscosity solutions, with multiple traditional and industrial uses where thickening and stabilisation are necessary. Moreover, it is capable of stabilising oil-in-water emulsions.
Traditionally, in Africa, gum arabic is a famine food, which is also used in medicine and in household activities, such as glue and ink making. Industrially, the main use of gum arabic is in confectionary, for texture improvement, and in beverages, as an emulsifier and flavour enhancer. It also has multiple roles in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, printing, photography and firework manufacture.
The natural distribution of Senegalia senegal extends in a band from Senegal through sub-Saharan Africa to the Red Sea, south through East Africa to South Africa across Arabia and into India and Pakistan. It grows best in deep, sandy, well-drained soils in warm, sub-desert environments.
Traditional Sudanese gum gardens evolved from bush-fallow systems where cereal crops were planted annually until the soil was exhausted and cereal yields fell. Crop production was shifted, and the area replanted or regenerated with Senegalia. Since Senegalia fixes nitrogen from the atmosphere, soil fertility of the abandoned areas gradually increased, and eventually cropping cycles could be re-established.
Current desertification in sub-Saharan Africa is being ameliorated by planting gum acacia, which brings benefits to people and the environment. Soil fertility and stability is improved, whilst the trees provide fuel wood, animal fodder and income for local communities.
Further reading
Diop S et al. 2018. Combating desertification and improving local livelihoods through the GGWI in the Sahel Region: the example of Senegal. Journal of Resources and Ecology 9: 257-265.
Fagg CW and Allison GE 2004. Acacia senegal and the gum arabic trade. Oxford Forestry Institute.
UNCTAD 2018. Commodities at a glance: special issue on gum arabic. United Nations.
Stephen Harris


text:
The bean is the seed of a leguminous plant, annual herbaceous plant imported from South America after the discovery of the New World.
For the people of Central and South America, the vegetable proteins obtained from beans and other leguminous plants like soja are still the main - and sometimes the one and only - source of proteins.
Also in Italy the cultivation of beans have been successful, especially among the poorest groups of people and in periods of economic crisis, above all in Central-Southern Italy. Today, the cultivation of beans is widespread in the regions of Piemonte, Veneto, Campania, and Lazio. In Piemonte there are large cultivated areas in the surroundings of Fossano, while in Saluggia the cultivation of beans is more localized, but of great quality.
The bean variety cultivated in Saluggia is the result of a series of factors: the selections carried out over the years, the climate, and the soil features distinguish Saluggia bean from products obtained from similar cultivars.
|Azienda Agricola Roberto Molinatto||Saluggia (VC)|
|Bono Giovanni||Saluggia (VC)|
|Cooperativa Agricola Valverde (S.R.L.)||Saluggia (VC)|
|Dalmasso Dario||Saluggia (VC)|
|Formica Franco||Saluggia (VC)|
|Formica Giorgio||Saluggia (VC)|
|Formica Renzo||Saluggia (VC)|
|Gasparini Francesco e Antonio||Saluggia (VC)|
|Melle Renzo||Saluggia (VC)|
|Negro Franco e Bruno||Saluggia (VC)|
|Sivornino Paolo||Saluggia (VC)|
|Tomatis Marco||Saluggia (VC)|
|Agrinova - Societa' Agricola Cooperativa||Sant'Antonino di Saluggia (VC)|
|Agriturismo Greppi Massimo||Crescentino (VC)|


is sufficient, because the order guarantees that the subquery will never be executed with the same inputs again once new inputs are read from the ordered correlation attributes. Again, ODs extend the applicability of such order-based optimizations to further attributes.
Also, cost predictions, e.g., for operator costing, can take ODs into account to more accurately estimate execution costs of operators that rely on ordered data.
Inclusion dependencies
Inclusion dependencies often serve data linkage and data integration scenarios as they may span across multiple data sources. We illustrate in this section, how they can be utilized also for query optimization.
INDs and joins
By their definition, INDs are most relevant for join operations. An often used join variant are semijoins \(R \ltimes _{{\varvec{X}}} S\), which are used to filter R by the tuples that have a matching tuple in S. In SQL, semijoins are expressed as joins with a post-projection on the attributes of the R side, which is \(\pi _R(R \bowtie _{{\varvec{X}}} S)\). Given the IND \(R.{\varvec{X}} \subseteq S.{\varvec{X}}\) with its formal definition \(\forall t_r \in R, \exists t_s \in S : t_r[{\varvec{X}}] = t_s[{\varvec{X}}]\), all tuples from R match tuples in S so that the semijoin is redundant; hence, it can be removed. Note that this optimization requires all \(R.{\varvec{X}}\) to be NOT NULL or the IND to follow the null \(\ne \) null semantics. This is because the semijoin filters out all tuples with null values in \(R.{\varvec{X}}\); the IND \(R.{\varvec{X}} \subseteq S.{\varvec{X}}\) with null \(=\) null semantics, on the contrary, might find a matching tuple in S with the same null values as the R tuple.
A popular, yet dependency-independent optimization technique is semijoin reduction [11, 112], which reduces the number of tuples considered by join operators before the actual join is conducted. For this reduction, the matching (non-dangling) tuples are determined a priori by utilizing semijoins. The semijoin reduction \((R \ltimes \pi _{{\varvec{X}}}( S ) ) \bowtie _{{\varvec{X}}} S\) is equivalent to the plain join operation \(R \bowtie _{{\varvec{X}}} S\). The rationale is that identifying the matching tuples in R and joining only these with S is more efficient than joining R and S directly. This semijoin technique is particularly useful for distributed database setups that need to minimize expensive data transfers. However, if all tuples from R match tuples in S, which is the case under an IND, semijoin reductions are unnecessary but still costly as they effectively perform the join twice. So if the IND \(R.{\varvec{X}} \subseteq S.{\varvec{X}}\) is known, semijoin reductions on \(R.{\varvec{X}}\) can be avoided. Because the semijoins are used only as pre-filters in this optimization, it is possible to use INDs based on null \(=\) null and null \(\ne \) null semantics in this optimization: By using null \(=\) null INDs, we might eliminate semijoins that would filter some records with nulls in the join attributes, but (i) the following join filters them anyway so that the result remains correct, (ii) removing such semijoins might not even impact the performance negatively depending on the number of actually filterable null records, because the filtering costs might outweigh the data transfer overhead, and (iii) adding a default null check to all join tuples before sending them would easily solve the issue.
Johnson and Klug [64] as well as Cheng et al. [24] discuss and evaluate techniques to eliminate joins in the presence of INDs and foreign-key constraints, respectively. If a foreign-key constraint holds, it allows to eliminate certain joins whose result is known without executing them: Given the IND \(R.{\varvec{X}} \subseteq S.{\varvec{X}}\) and a UCC on \(S.{\varvec{X}}\) on the relations R and S, then the join \(R \bowtie _{{\varvec{X}}} S\) can be avoided if there are no further selections or projections on any attributes of S. This is, because the IND guarantees that every tuple of S joins with a tuple in T, and the UCC ensures the absence of multiple matching tuples. The described optimization, again, requires that either \(R.{\varvec{X}}\) is free of null values or the IND is valid under null \(\ne \) null semantics.
The idea of join elimination can be extended to intermediate joins: If there are two joins \(R \bowtie _{{\varvec{X}}} S\) and \(S \bowtie _{{\varvec{X}}} T\) with the INDs \(R.{\varvec{X}} \subseteq S.{\varvec{X}}\) and \(S.{\varvec{X}} \subseteq T.{\varvec{X}}\) and a UCC on \(S.{\varvec{X}}\), the two joins can be reduced to a single join \(R \bowtie _{{\varvec{X}}} T\) following from the transitivity of INDs [21]. The UCC on \(S.{\varvec{X}}\) is necessary, because duplicate values in \(S.{\varvec{X}}\) would cause record duplication that would be ignored in the optimized case. The removal of S also requires that the SQL query neither contains attributes from S in its final projection nor that it filters S. The authors state that transitive join queries are suboptimal and could be avoided in the first place, but they are nevertheless often seen in practice, because applications and object-relational mappers automatically generate them or database users can access only specific views that contain unnecessary joins. For this reason, query optimizers can benefit from such IND-based optimization techniques.
Deutsch et al. show that in certain cases a join \(R \bowtie _{{\varvec{X}}} S\) can be replaced with a join \(R \bowtie _{{\varvec{X}}} T\) [33]. This replacement can be beneficial for peer database systems, in which T might offer faster access or higher availability due to being located at a different site than S. This rewrite requires the INDs \(T.{\varvec{X}} \subseteq S.{\varvec{X}}\) and \((R \bowtie _{{\varvec{X}}} S).{\varvec{X}} \subseteq T.{\varvec{X}}\) to hold. Because the second IND depends on a query result, a practical implementation would need to check the stricter, but discoverable IND \(S.{\varvec{X}} \subseteq T.{\varvec{X}}\).
Further optimization opportunities with INDs
Although IND-based query optimizations seem to focus primarily on join operations, various further optimization opportunities exist.
Query folding Query folding is an optimization technique to answer queries by rewriting them in a way that lets them use certain resources, e.g., cached query results or materialized views instead of base tables. Jarek Gryz demonstrated in [51] how INDs enable further scenarios for the application of query folding with views.
Assume a query that accesses the attribute combination \({\varvec{X}}\) of a relation S. If no materialized view contains \(S.{\varvec{X}}\), this query does not have a query folding and cannot be answered using views. However, assuming that there is an IND \(R.{\varvec{X}} \subseteq S.{\varvec{X}}\) and a materialized view on \(R.{\varvec{X}}\), the query could be rewritten to access \(R.{\varvec{X}}\) instead of \(S.{\varvec{X}}\) so that the answer to the query can be retrieved via query folding from \(R.{\varvec{X}}\)'s materialized view. Clearly, the rewrite may return only a subset of the actual result of the initial query, but this might be acceptable for certain use cases where users need their answers quickly [51].
Deutsch et al. [33] as well as Ileana et al. [57] explain how INDs (the original work uses more general tuple-generating dependencies) enable rewritings that utilize materialized views or result caches if set semanticsFootnote 12 are assumed. For example, a join \(S \bowtie _{{\varvec{X}}} T\) can be replaced by accessing a view \(V_{ST}\) if the INDs \(S \bowtie _{{\varvec{X}}} T \subseteq V_{ST}.{\varvec{X}}\) and \(V_{ST}.{\varvec{X}} \subseteq S \bowtie _{{\varvec{X}}} T\) hold.
Exists Correlated subqueries as part of EXISTS statements can also be simplified with INDs. Given the IND \(R.A \subseteq S.A\), the query
can be computed without accessing S, because the IND ensures that


Cardinal Numbers
Cardinal Numbers are explained with Chart and Diagram.
Cardinal numbers are those numbers which show how many of the something in series.
Eg:- one, two, three etc.
Chart for Cardinal Numbers
How many balls are showing in the picture below?
There are six balls in the given picture.
Helping Topics
Ordinal Numbers
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text:
Follow these guidelines to set up the Centurylink router. Set the Centurylink router on a flat surface. Connect the phone cable to their respective wall outlet and port on the router. Attach the Centurylink router to the power outlet by using the supplied power cable. Connect the yellow Ethernet port on the Centurylink router and the computer by using the Ethernet cable. Enter the Centurylink router passphrase and username on the computer after selecting the router's Wi-Fi SSID from the Wi-Fi SSID list. Now the centurylink router setup is done.
Here are the detailed guidelines to set up the Centurylink Wi-Fi router.
Check whether you have the Centurylink Wi-Fi router, Ethernet cable, phone cable, and the Centurylink router power cable before proceeding with these steps.
Connect the Centurylink router and the wall Ethernet port by using the Ethernet cable.
Make sure you keep the Centurylink router in a location where the air circulation is good as the router shouldn't get too hot or cold. Remove any device that might cause radio interference, which is kept close to the Centurylink router.
Connect the Centurylink router's power cable to its power port and the wall power outlet. Wait until the power LED turns green before going to the next step of how to setup centurylink wi-fi router guide.
Attach the Centurylink router's phone cable to its phone port and the wall phone jack. Make sure you connect the phone cable to the DSL port on the Centurylink router.
Now, wait for a couple of minutes until the green DSL LED glows steadily.
Take the Ethernet cable that was supplied with the Centurylink router and connect it to the computer. Connect its other end to the Ethernet port on the Centurylink router setup.
If you need to connect the Centurylink router to the computer wirelessly, look for the Wi-Fi SSID and password on the router. Use these Centurylink router credentials to log into the router's Wi-Fi SSID and connect to the internet.
CENTURYLINK ROUTER SETTINGS
Here are the guidelines to change the Centurylink router settings.
Type the Centurylink router's IP address on the address bar of your computer's internet browser and press Enter. The default Centurylink router is 192.168.0.1.
Navigate to the Advanced Setup option and click it.
Choose WAN Settings. Make the required changes to DNS type, enter the DNS addresses, and click Apply.
Go to the Centurylink router's status page and check whether these settings have changed.
CENTURYLINK ROUTER LOGIN
To log into the Centurylink router web setup page, open its EWS page, and enter the credentials by following the how to setup centurylink wi-fi router guidelines mentioned above to setup router.
The default Centurylink router IP address is 192.168.0.1. Check the label on the Centurylink router setup to see the username and passphrase data. Make a note of them.
Type the Centurylink router's IP address in the web address field on your computer's web browser and press Enter.
Enter the Centurylink router username and password to login to the EWS page and make changes to the router settings.
RENAME CENTURYLINK ROUTER
First, connect the router and a device of your choice.
Launch a frequently used browser and key in the IP Address of the Centurylink router in the address bar. The default IP address of the centurylink router setup is 192.168.0.1.
Enter the Administrator User and Password in the respective fields. Tap the Apply button.
Go to the Wireless Setup menu and choose the 2.4GHz option. Click on the Wireless Security option.
From the list of SSIDs displayed, select the SSID that you want to edit.
Next, you have to choose the Security Type as per your choice. Tap the Both option under Encoding.
Tap the Apply button to save the modified name.
CENTURYLINK ROUTER DEFAULT PASSWORD
The default password of the Centurylink router can be found using two methods.
First, turn the router to its backside and check the white label that is stuck there for the username and password of the Centurylink router.
Else, check the documentation that came along with the router for the default password.
It will be printed in the documentation. Make a note of it and use it to enter the web management page.
HOW TO CHANGE CENTURYLINK ROUTER PASSWORD
Do the steps below to change the default password of the centurylink router.
After you setup the router using how to setup centurylink wi-fi router guide, Make sure a device is connected to the modem before proceeding to change centurylink router password.
Key in 192.168.0.1 in the search bar and tap the Enter button.
Specify the router's username and password in the respective field.
Select the Wireless Setup menu followed by the SSID Setup option to change centurylink router password.
Choose the SSID you wish to edit and navigate to the password field.
Specify a new password of your choice and make sure it satisfies the strong password criteria.
Tap the Apply button and save the changes you made to change centurylink router password.
HOW TO RESET CENTURYLINK ROUTER
Find the reset button that is available at the back of the router.
Press the Reset button and hold it for at least 15 seconds to reset centurylink router.
Wait patiently till the Internet light turns to green color.
Once the reset process is complete, you have to configure your Centurylink router setup and then connect any devices to it.
HOW TO UPDATE CENTURYLINK ROUTER
To update the firmware, you have to log into the web management page of Centurylink router.
In the Login window, enter the correct username and password in the respective fields.
Tap the Log In button, and you will be directed to the web utility page of the router to update centurylink router.
Select the Utilities option followed the Upgrade Firmware option.
If the Firmware is Up To Date message appears, then you don't have to update centurylink router firmware.
In case the Upgrade Firmware option is displayed, you have to download and install the firmware for centurylink router setup.
Click the Download button available on the next screen.
Go to the drop-down menu present near the Save option and choose the Save As option from the list.
Choose the Desktop option and tap the Save button to update centurylink router.
Next, click the Browse button followed by the Desktop option.
Select the Firmware file. Click the Update Firmware option.
Once the process completes, you will be directed to the Log in screen.
HOW TO REMOVE DEVICES FROM ROUTER CENTURYLINK
Launch the default browser on your computer and key in the IP address of the Centurylink router in the search bar to remove devices from router centurylink.
Next, key in the administrator username and password in the correct text boxes. Click the Sign In button.
Choose the Advanced Setup menu and then select the DHCP Reservation option on centurylink router setup.
Next, you have to disable the DHCP Reservation Status. Tap Apply to modify the changes you have made to remove devices from router centurylink.
Remove any devices that you want from the list available at the bottom of the screen.
You have now successfully removed the devices from the Centurylink router.
CENTURYLINK ROUTER NOT WORKING
Is solve centurylink router not working, perform the instructions given below.
Check if proper internet connection is being provided to the Centurylink router setup.
If so using how to setup centurylink wi-fi router guide, you have to wait till the error is rectified and then you can start using the router.
Unplug the Centurylink router from power supply and wait for a few seconds.
Connect it again after a few seconds and check if the issue has been resolved. Restart the router and examine if the problem has been sorted out.
Else, reset the router to its default values to solve Centurylink router not working
Find the Reset button available at the back of the router and press it. Hold it for a few seconds.
Once you release it, the router will take 3-5 minutes to restore the settings to the default values.
Get support from our techies if the issue persists on centurylink router setup.


text:
extroversion (usually uncountable, plural extroversions)
- (psychology) Concern with or an orientation toward others or what is outside oneself; behavior expressing such an orientation; the definitive characteristic of an extrovert.
- 1999, Ben Brantley, "'The Dead': a Musical That Dares to be Quiet," New York Times, 29 Oct.:
- In a genre characterized by brassy extroversion, The Dead is a quiet revolutionary: a musical that dares to be diffident.
- The condition of being extrorse, or turned wrong side out.
- extroversion of the bladder
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Dunglison to this entry?)
- (concern with or an orientation toward others): sociability
- (concern with or an orientation toward others): introversion
concern with or an orientation toward others


text:
Tutor for Higher Education.
List of subject:
- Financial accounting
- Management accounting
- Financial management
- Human resource/ Strategic management
For all subjects it is 2 hours per session, once a week.
Price : RM 110 per hours
Focus is on students' performance in the higher education, revision for exams and guidance through assignments.
Teaching and coaching students so that they understand the concepts and have a good understanding of the relevant subjects. Through focus and usage of study materials, the aim is to help students achieve good knowledge and produce excellent results in their assignments and examinations.
Dr. Parimala Rengiah
Doctorate in Business Administration (Southern Cross University, Australia)
- Tutor/ lecturer with more than 20 years' experience in the higher education sector.
- Lecturer in Universities and Colleges, teaching local and foreign degree programs.
- Assurance for good results.
- Guidance given throughout the course for students to achieve good results.


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Serbian Guerillas Attack Nazi Concentration Camp and Liberate 400 Jews
More than 400 Jewish internees confined by the Nazi authorities in a concentration camp in Yugoslavia were released in a lightning raid by a group of guerilla fighters who attacked the camp under the leadership of a Jewish commander, a report reaching Yugoslav circles here today stated.
The liberated Jewish prisoners immediately joined the guerilla forces, the report said. The number of Jews participating in the guerilla battle against the Nazi army in Yugoslavia is so large that a special Jewish news bulletin in the Serbian language is now being published by the Jewish guerillas. The clandestine publication, which appears under the title "Zidov," constantly calls upon the Jews in Yugoslavia to join the guerilla forces and avenge the massacres of Jews in Belgrade and other Yugoslavian cities.
As a result of the fact that a large number of Jews escaped from Sarajevo to the mountains to join the guerilla forces, the Nazi military authorities have issued an order providing the death penalty for Jews suspected of "intending to join" the Yugoslav fighters. At the same time General Draja Mihailovitch, the commander-in-chief of the guerilla forces, issued instructions to his units to attack as many concentration camps as possible in order to liberate the Serbian and Jewish patriots imprisoned there, the Yugoslav report declared.


How to: Debug Your Fluent Mapping Project
How to: Debug Your Fluent Mapping Project
Telerik Data Access uses Enhancer, which is a special enhancer program, to read and process compiled.NET assemblies for adding persistence capability. The enhancer is called directly by Visual Studio during build time to process the.NET assemblies in your project. Sometimes if your FluentMetadataSource is not configured correctly (it is wrong), the enhancer won't be able to enhance your assemblies and errors will be thrown during compilation. For example, consider the following code snippet:
public class FluentModelMetadataSource : FluentMetadataSource
 protected override IList PrepareMapping()
 IList configurations = null;
 MappingConfiguration productConfiguration = new MappingConfiguration();
 return configurations;
Public Class FluentModelMetadataSource
 Inherits FluentMetadataSource
 Protected Overrides Function PrepareMapping() As IList(Of MappingConfiguration)
 Dim configurations As IList(Of MappingConfiguration) = Nothing
 Dim productConfiguration As New MappingConfiguration(Of Product)()
 Return configurations
 End Function
End Class
Note that the preparedConfigurations collection is not initialized (it is set to null). If the Telerik Data Access Enhancer is integrated in your project, you will get the following compilation error: System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object. One possible action in that situation is to remove (decouple) the Telerik Data Access Enhancer from your project, and try to debug the PrepareMapping method.


Start Drawing: 3 Fun, Freeing Exercises to Spark Your Creativity | Carly Kuhn | Skillshare
Start Drawing: 3 Fun, Freeing Exercises to Spark Your Creativity
Carly Kuhn, Artist & Designer, The Cartorialist
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9 Lessons (43m)
 - 1. Introduction
 - 2. Getting Started
 - 3. Mindset and Materials
 - 4. Exercise One: Switching Hands
 - 5. Exercise Two: Continuous Line
 - 6. Exercise Three: Blind Contour
 - 7. The Art of the Aesthetic
 - 8. Final Thoughts
 - 9. Sneak Peek: Carly's Next Class
829 students are watching this class
About This Class
Often the hardest part of being creative is getting started. Overcome that hurdle and let loose in this fun, accessible class from artist Carly Kuhn!
Before gaining Instagram acclaim for her elegant and whimsical line drawings, Carly was an office worker doodling at her desk. While she didn't think of herself as an artist, she felt compelled to create, often returning to simple line drawing exercises that gave her the freedom to play and experiment without judgement. Today, Carly uses these same exercises whenever she needs an infusion of inspiration or an excuse to start drawing—and you can do the same!
Take 45 minutes to turn off your inner critic and unleash your most creative self, as Carly guides you through easy exercises to create a one-of-a-kind art piece for your home.
Using just a pen and paper, you'll explore:
 - Drawing with your non-dominant hand and without looking at your paper
 - Trusting yourself, embracing flaws, and letting go of judgement
 - Mixing and matching exercises to develop your own style
To finish, Carly shares simple steps to incorporate your illustrations into your space, revealing the styling tips and tricks she uses to make her own home more conducive to creativity.
Whether you're looking to bust block, explore a new style, or just have some fun, by the end you'll have a renewed appreciation for your own creative imagination, plus a meaningful daily reminder displayed in your home. Join in and get drawing!
Looking for more? Build on these exercises in Carly's next class, where you'll combine illustration, text, and found material to create a one-of-a-kind greeting card for a loved one!
1. Introduction: I think the word creative or artist is such a loaded word. Anything that you create can become art. Hi, my name is Carly Kuhn, also known as The Cartorialist and I'm an artist, designer living in Los Angeles, California. In today's class we are going to be doing three of my favorite line drawing exercises. These exercises helped me and continue to help me because we're not trying to create some perfect portrait, we're creating without judgment. We are going to put pen to paper with some obstacles that give you free range to mess up and intentionally not have something look like a face. Then we will finish by styling one of your drawings in your home so that every day you could be reminded of the artist within you. I did not think that I would grow up to become an artist. If you are someone who wants to be an artist, if maybe you doubled in art back in the day and you're looking to spark that creativity again, or if you're just someone who works a regular 9-5 job and you need a little bit of you time. I want to communicate that anyone can be creative and these exercises are a great place to start. So let's get started. 2. Getting Started: Welcome to the class. I'm very happy that you're here, and I'm excited that I get to teach this class because I wish I had this when I was starting out. I think it's very intimidating sometimes when you have this idea of wanting to be an artist and you maybe look to other examples or you came from school and there were things that you were taught that you should do something one way. If you didn't do it that one way, you felt like, "You know what? This isn't for me," and that's how things started out for me. I have a very early memory of being in my first drawing and painting class and not being able to look at a bowl of fruit and draw the bowl of fruit the way the fruit looked. I think when you're younger and you're in some type of school, you feel like you need to do certain things a certain way. But as you dig a little deeper and start to understand that there really isn't one right way to create or to become an artist. I went to school for something completely different. I grew up in New York City. I went to school in Syracuse and I was a television film major, and I graduated and I moved to Los Angeles and I actually worked in television comedy. I was always searching for something else, but I didn't necessarily know what that looked like. I think the way that I found what I'm doing now was just by experimenting and trying new things. At one point, I tried Groundlings, which is an improv school in Los Angeles. Through improv, I actually built some confidence in going for it without rules. I mean, in improv, you are up on a stage, given a scenario, and told to just go. I feel like that really translated later into my style of art. When Instagram came along, a friend recommended, "Start an Instagram and put your art on there." When I started, it started out just like these little characters that I drew and I put it out there. But at the time, when I was drawing, Instagram was mainly just fashion photography, fashion bloggers, editorial. so the subject matter of what I was drawing was what I was seeing on Instagram. I, by accident, fell into this fashion illustration world, and I'd shifted from maybe me just drawing little characters to drawing things that caught my eye and inspired me from Instagram. I did that for a little bit and slowly this person would repost me and that person would repost me, and the powers of Instagram turned it into something greater. I was drawing the fashion world and it became what I was known for. But at the same time, it felt a little paralyzing because I was doing it so much and felt like I had to keep going, and at a certain point, I just felt like my creativity was stifled and it was feeling very forced. I, by accident, found this style. I was like, "What if I just draw without picking up my pen, just like mindless doodling?" This new style came about, which is what we are going to be exploring today, this continuous line contour drawing. It was a really good way to get to be creative without a pressure of it having to end up a certain way. What's interesting and what I hope will happen for you in this class is this simple exercise. You'll do it again and again. You'll discover new things about what you like, what you don't like, and there will be exercises, but it could also birth a new style of art that you discover. I was doing these continuous line drawings and it ended up becoming today what a lot of people know me for, which are these faces, these continuous line drawings, these abstract things which some people today, that's the only thing they know about me. They don't even know why I did the fashion illustration. But what you want to take away from that is taking all of any expectation or goal of what something might be in a finished product, throwing that out the window and just you, pen to paper, having fun, not overthinking it, can lend itself to something that might actually become your style later on. 3. Mindset and Materials: For today's class, all you need is any pen. I like this uni-ball Vision Elite. I discovered it from when I was working at an office. Office pen, but also like sometimes to use a Sharpie. Then, you need some paper, any kind of paper that you have around the house. When you do these exercises, as you'll do them over and over again, you'll probably get a sense of a kind of pen you like. The pen will go differently on the piece of paper, but then depending on what paper you use, it will bleed differently on the page or it will feel a little sleeker and crisper. Right here, for example, this is more of a matte, thicker paper, and when I use a Sharpie on it, versus this pen, and then versus on here, it just has a different feel. It's hard maybe to see, but the more you do the exercises and the more you start to draw and experiment, you'll find your own style, you'll find the pen that feels most comfortable to you, you'll find the paper that you like the most. Those are the materials that you need for the actual drawing. Then, we'll need a subject matter to draw. I have here, a lovely, I think, signed photo of Ann-Margret from Bye Bye Birdie. The subject matter is whatever you feel comfortable using or drawing. If it's a vase of flowers that you want to look at instead, that's fine. I just like to start with faces because I think a face can feel intimidating because you have this idea of drawing a face, it has to look a certain way, there's maybe a connection to