text:
Biofeedback Colorado works with individuals suffering from depression and anxiety in Littleton and surrounding areas. When treating anxiety, your counselor will work with you on relaxation techniques and explore the underlying causes of anxiety in order to reduce the worrisome thoughts. When working with your counselor for depression you will explore the emotions and core issues contributing to the depression and work on new ways of thinking and being to reduce the depression and improve your quality of life.
YOU ARE NOT ALONE.
When you are experiencing high anxiety and severe depression it can feel like you are alone and no one else could understand your struggles. However, a large portion of the population will experience some form of mental health struggle during their lifetime. In 2012, an estimated 16 million adults experienced a major depressive episode at least once during the year. Additionally, approximately 18.1% of the US population suffer from some form of anxiety disorder.


text:
in a Pecan ShellFirst
called La Grange in the early 1830s, the community made an attempt to become
the county seat in the later part of that decade. The loss of the election and
the proximity to Clarksville
made growth an impossibility.
A store opened in La Grange In the early
1870s with Thomas J. Dozier as storekeeper. Since there was already a more established
town named La Grange, Doxier had
to submit another name to obtain a post office. He chose Madras (no explaination
given) and the post office opened in 1887.
The first population was given
as 100 in 1910, declining to 54 for the 1920 Census. In 1925 the post office was
cancelled and mail was routed through Clarksville.
1940 Census showed 40 residents with two businesses to serve them. Today it is
known as a "dispersed community" with no visible center – other than the cemetery
and a community building.
See 1907 Red
River County Postal map
Bois d'Arc grows in Red River County|
Photo courtesy Gerald
Massey, August 2010
1907 Red River County Texas Postal Map showing Madras|
in "R-E-D R-I-V-E-R")
Courtesy Texas General Land Office
Escapes, in its purpose to preserve historic, endangered and vanishing
Texas, asks that anyone wishing to share their local history and vintage/historic
photos of their town, please contact

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Skip to definition.
Adjective: paid peyd
 1. Marked by the reception of pay
 2. Involving gainful employment in something often done as a hobby
 - nonrecreational
 3. Yielding a fair profit
 "This country has been recently concerned with the increase in paid employment among women";
 - gainful, paying
Verb: pay (paid) pey
 1. Give money, usually in exchange for goods or services
 - give
 3. Cancel or discharge a debt
 "pay up, please!";
 - pay up, ante up
 4. (investment) bring in
 "How much does this savings certificate pay annually?";
 - yield, bear
 5. Do or give something to somebody in return
 - pay off, make up, compensate
 6. Dedicate
 "pay attention to";
 - give, devote
 7. Be worth it
 "It pays to go through the trouble"
 8. Render
 "pay a visit"; "pay a call"
 10. Make a compensation for
 "a favour that cannot be paid back"
 11. Discharge or settle
 "pay a debt"; "pay an obligation"
See also: cashed, compensable, compensated, freelance, free-lance, fund, mercenary, paid-up, pay back, pay off, pay out, paying, post-free [Brit], postpaid, prepaid, professional, profitable, remunerated, remunerative, reply-paid, salaried, square, stipendiary
Antonym: unpaid
Encyclopedia: Paid


text:
country classic song lyrics are the property of the respective
artist, authors and labels, they are intended solely for educational
purposes and private study only. The chords provided are my
interpretation and their accuracy is not guaranteed.
The Wind lyrics and chords are provided for your personal use only,
this is a very pretty folk song recorded by Eddy Arnold.
to download Classic CountryMP3sand
Country GospelMP3smost only $.99 or less.
Blowin' In The Wind Recorded by Eddy Arnold Written by Bob Dylan
C F C How many roads must a man walk down F G7 Before you call him a man C F C Yes and how many seas must a white dove sail F G7 Before she sleeps in the sand
C F C How many times must the cannonballs fly F G7 Before they're forever banned F G7 C Am The answer my friend is blowin' in the wind F G7 C The answer is blowin' in the wind
F C How many times must a man look up F G7 Before he can see the sky C F C Yes and how many ears must one man have F G7 Before he can hear people cry
C F C How many deaths will it take till he knows F G7 That too many people have died F G7 C Am The answer my friend is blowin' in the wind F G7 C The answer is blowin' in the wind
F C How many years can a mountain exist F G7 Before it's washed to the sea C F C Yes and how many years can some people exist F G7 Before they're allowed to be free
C F C How many times can a man turn his head F G7 Pretending he just doesn't see F G7 C Am The answer my friend is blowin' in the wind F G7 C The answer is blowin' in the wind
If you want
to change the
"Key" on any song, click
for the easiest way possible. Copy and paste lyrics and chords to the
key changer, select the key you want, then click the button "Click
Here". If the lyrics are in a long line, first paste to Microsoft Word
or a similar word processor, then recopy and paste to key changer.
This software was developed by John Logue.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Toxic pollution from Australia floods threatens marine life
"In addition to the terrible costs to farmers and communities in Queensland, we will also see a major and extremely harmful decline in water quality on the Great Barrier Reef," said WWF spokesman Nick Heath.
Heath said the restoration of important woodlands in flood prone catchment areas of the Fitzroy River and Murray Darling Basin would help protect communities and the marine environment from future floods.
"Today's floods are bigger, dirtier and more dangerous from excessive tree clearing, overgrazing and soil compaction. As a result less water infiltrates deep into the soil, increasing the size and erosive intensity of floods," he said.
"While the current floods would still have occurred, trees and wetlands slow flood waters down and absorb water, lessening the impact of the flood. We can better prepare for future floods by bringing trees back into previously cleared catchment areas."
Climate change is likely to deepen the cycle of drought and floods, with further loss of top soil followed by bigger rainfall events, and therefore increase the damage caused by floods.
Heath said the need to rebuild farms presented an opportunity to introduce best-practice farm design and management in reef catchment areas that would boost future profitability, better prepare farms for flood recovery and significantly reduce the future impact of farming on the Great Barrier Reef.
"As devastating and tragic as these floods are, they also provide a chance to introduce newer and better technologies that will reduce pollution and increase profits," he said.
"Better management and design of our farms can reduce the risks to people, livelihoods and wildlife and also lead to greater profits further down the track by increasing deep infiltration and soil moisture, improved topsoil retention and therefore productivity."
Over the past 150 years sediment inflow onto the Great Barrier Reef has increased four to five times, and five to 10 fold for some catchments, while inorganic nitrogen and phosphorous continue to enter the Great Barrier Reef at enhanced levels, according to the Australian Government's Outlook Report.


What is the Melting Point of Aluminum?
By on in Did You Know
Melting aluminum is an imperative part of the recycling process.
Aluminium is a metal found in the second row and Group 13 on the periodic table. It is the third most abundant element after oxygen and silicon to be found in the crust of the earth. Aluminium occurs naturally in compounds but never as pure metal. The process of extracting aluminum from its compounds is an elaborate and rather difficult. Aluminium is a useful and common metal that is known for being lightweight, its malleability, and corrosion resistant. Aluminium tends to be easier to recycle than to purify from ores. It is also safe enough when it comes in contact with skin and to be used around food.
What is the Melting Point of Aluminum?
The melting point of a substance is defined as the temperature at which the substance changes from a solid to a liquid state but at a specific atmospheric pressure. It is at the melting point that a substance's liquid and solid states exist in equilibrium. However, a substance's melting point mainly depends on pressure; it is often specific at a standard pressure in reference materials. A substance's melting point is also referred to as liquidus, liquefaction point, or solidus. The melting point of aluminum is 659 degrees Celsius or 1218 Fahrenheit.
What is the Purpose of Determining the Melting Point of a Substance?
A substance's melting point is an essential physical property. The main aim of determining the boiling points and melting points of substances during a lab experiment is to use the results to help identify impurities in those substances or unknown substances. An unknown solid's melting point can be used to identify it by comparing it to a variety of other potential solids and their melting points thus making a match to identify the solid. Additionally, the purpose of knowing a substance's melting point is to use its melting point range to help determine its general purity. In this regard, the bigger the melting range of substance then the less pure the substance is while the more the melting point range decreases, the purer the substance.
Factors Affecting the Melting Point of Substances
The melting point of a substance varies from one substance to another. For instance, while oxygen melts at 218 degrees Celsius, ice melts at 0 degrees Celsius and aluminum is 219 degrees Celsius. Therefore, certain things affect the melting points of different substances. Factors affecting the melting point of substances include intermolecular forces, ionic bonds melting point variations, the shape of molecules and size of molecules. A pure compound that is crystalline usually has a more precise melting point thus completely melts over a small range of temperature not exceeding 0.5-1 degrees Celsius. If such a substance contains even the slightest amount of impurities, depression is usually produced in the freezing points showing an increase in the width of the melting point range.If a melting point range is over five degrees, then it means that the substance is impure.
The Uses of Aluminum
Aluminum is one the world's most useful metals. In its pure form, aluminum is primarily used by the electronics industry to make hard disk drives, conductor tracks on silicon chips, and capacitor foil. When the metal is alloyed with other metals such as silicon, zinc, copper, and magnesium, it becomes even stronger. Another significant use of aluminum is in the manufacturing of beverage cans and the foil used in protecting food and a variety of cooking utensils.
More in Did You Know


Kenyans Odi Dancing in Covid-19 Quarantine Inspire Hope [VIDEO]
Kenyans quarantined at Kenyatta University protest against the government on Wednesday, April 15, 2020
A break from the doom and gloom occasioned by the Covid-19 pandemic came in the form of a viral video of Kenyans dancing at a quarantine facility that surfaced on Monday, June 1.
In a hospital gown, one of those in the ward excitedly got up as he started dancing to Phone Stress by Busy Signal, a popular Dancehall tune and a favorite among odi dancers.
As he continued with the groove, other patients in the ward joined in, each showing off their moves as they beckoned a health worker in full Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to join in.
The nurse stole the show and had the ward watching as she happily odi danced to the tune, with other dancing patients urging her on in the background.
Odi dancing was made popular by young Kenyans inventing moves to Dancehall songs, and moved into the mainstream thanks to a hit of the same name by Timeless Noel. It became entrenched in the Gengetone music genre that subsequently emerged in 2018 and took over the charts.
The video of the dancers in quarantine inspired a large section of Kenyans who took to social media to express the joy and hope it brought them.
Particularly, the video was credited with helping combat stigma brought about by the pandemic even as the government reiterates messaging against stigmatization of those infected with Covid-19 or in quarantine.
Those in quarantine have faced stigma even after leaving the facilities Covid-19 free, with many friends, relatives and neighbors afraid of associating with them in fear of contracting the disease.
Some of those who arrived in the country from foreign nations and were subjected to mandatory quarantine for 14 days have recounted their struggles in re-integrating with their family, friends and communities.
Common complaints include the fact that in places such as home, no one wants to touch what they have touched and they are often confined to separate spaces.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), social stigma is the negative association between a person or group of people who share certain characteristics.
In the Covid-19 scenario, patients may be labelled, stereotyped, discriminated against, treated separately, and experience loss of status.
This stigma, WHO explains, is predicated on the fact that it is a new disease, the fear of the unknown and the ability to associate it with 'others'.


Where perfection is the only acceptable goal.
Falls -with every fall event there is a catastrophe, which either
 1. has occurred.
 2. could have occurred or
 3. if an existing flaw goes undiscovered and uncorrected, may occur in the future.
There is all too often an overlooked or under-appreciated connection between in-room falls and delayed answering of call lights-particularly in ALFS Level 1. Investigate any fall or any call light complaint thoroughly.
Start with the resident and/or family members him, her or themselves; if they are consistent and credible they can be the best initial source of the truth.
 1. Staff-they can be helpful but…
 2. Records-of course they should be reviewed but beware of what is not regularly recorded.
 3. Systems-the more automatic, the better and more reliable.
 1. The Administrator-Are they a good one or a bad one? Are they transparent?
 2. Staff-are they trained; do they respect the Administrator; is turnover/continuity of staff a problem?
 3. Conduct every investigation in such a manner that takes into account answers to these questions.
Documentation-Care plans, progress notes and policies and procedures
 1. Look for compliance with written care plans and policies and procedures.
 2. Look for patterns/protocols/procedures/habits/routines not required in the care plans or policies and procedures but nevertheless followed.
 3. Identify both compliance and lapses in those patterns, protocols and procedures.
 4. Find out why there is compliance and/or lapses and prescribe necessary remedies.
Ombudsman-one real job
 1. To advocate for the residents.
 2. To ensure resident rights are strictly enforced.
 3. No goal other than 100% enforcement should be acceptable for anyone in the elder care chain of care and service.
Resident and Staff Safety
 1. Failures, even with the building itself, resulting in injury or death are not product liability issues.
 2. Such failures are health and safety issues for all residents, families and staff.
 3. Always err on the side of health and safety-take the broadest possible investigative approach and involve the whole state team when and where necessary.
 4. Do a "root cause" quality analysis-fix it quickly but make sure there is a permanent solution.
 5. Reporting should be encouraged and watch out for and do not tolerate retaliation both obvious and subtle.
Fort Pierce, Florida
[email protected]


How long do you have to live? Life Expectancy Self Test
A simple test, developed by Dr. Claudio Gil Araujo can predict with uncanny accuracy, how much longer a person over 50 is likely to live. The test, called the Sitting Rise Test (SRT), can be done in just moments. In fact, you can do it right now. The SRT predicts how long you How long do you have to live? Self test infographic (image credit Roen Kelly/Discover)
Follow the steps above to perform the SRT – How long do you have to live?
have to live based on your balance, strength, and flexibility.
How to do the Test
Wear loose-fitting clothing. If you have difficulty keeping your balance, get somebody to stand by to catch you if you lose your balance during the test.
 1. Take your shoes off. Start from a standing position
 2. Bend your legs, drop straight down to the floor. Do not use your arms or legs for leverage, don't lean against anything
 3. Sit in a cross-legged sitting position
 4. Without using your arms, or leaning on anything, rise straight up, return to a standing position
How to Score the test
The SRT is scored on a scale of 1 – 10:
 - You get 5 points for going from standing to sitting position
 - You get 5 more points for returning to the standing position
 - Subtract 1 point each time you use an arm or knee to help you sit down or get up
 - Subtract a half point each time you lose your balance
 - Subtract a half point each time your movement becomes clumsy
What the test results mean
This test predicts your chances of dying early compared to a normal life expectancy. A score 8 points or less on the test indicates you're about twice as likely to die within the next six years. People who score three points or less are five times more likely to die within that same time period. Each point you get on the test is worth a 21-percent decrease in mortality:
Points
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Decrease in Mortality Risk%
100%
79%
64%
51%
40%
32%
25%
20%
16%
13%
0%
The chart shows the percentage that your risk of dying in the next 6 years decreases with each point you earn.
What to do if you score poorly on this test
Don't panic! If you're reading this, there's still time to make changes that will help you score better on this test. The great news is, each point you can add to your score increases your potential life expectancy by a greater amount than the previous point. Here's what you need to do:
 - Posture – Good posture is essential to good health. Squat, don't bend over. Sit up straight in your chair. Bend your knees slightly when you stand. Walk on the balls of your feet – not your heels! You are much less likely to slip and fall with good posture
 - Yoga, Tai Chi, Belly Dance, etc. – Balance is critical to life expectancy. Many older people die each year from complications after a fall. Exercises that emphasize flexibility, balance and graceful movement help you avoid falls
 - Hydration – People often lose flexibility as they age, but proper hydration can preserve it. Alkaline water hydrates better than plain water. Exercise pushes water into the joints, so the better you can hydrate your body, the more water it has to lubricate your joints
 - Diet – If you are carrying excess weight, it is interfering with your balance. We recommend an alkaline diet along with alkaline water if you've had a hard time dropping the pounds
 - Exercise – Passing this test calls for strength in addition to balance and flexibility. If you can't lift yourself off the floor without help, speak with an athletic trainer so they can help you come up with an exercise plan.
Why this test works
Dr. Araujo noticed that many of his patients, especially older ones, had difficulty with simple feats of balance and strength. Balance and conditioning problems increase your risk of dangerous falls and accidents. They can also harm your cardiovascular health. Dr. Araujo theorized that a patient's flexibility, balance and strength could be used as a measure of life expectancy.
To find out if he was right, Dr. Araujo tried this test out on more than 2,000 of his patients aged 51 to 80. He found that he was able to predict their life expectancy with "alarming accuracy."
How Long do you have to live? That depends on you
If you are younger than 50 and scored poorly on this test, that should serve as a wake up call. You can choose to eat healthier foods, and drink healthier water. Taking a walk is a healthy alternative to sitting in front of the TV. If you are concerned about how you did on this test, you should speak with your doctor about the results.
We can help you choose healthier foods, water, and exercises. Call us today at _PHONE_ for a free consultation with one of our healthy living experts.
Tons of benefits. One captivating eBook.
Alkaline Health: 10 Reasons to Drink Alkaline Water Every Day
Get yours today!
DownArrowConsumersGuide


text:
Ada and Beatrice Beattie were the sisters of William Beattie, a musician, singer, actor and writer, and one of Lambert's closest friends in Sydney at the turn of the century. Beattie was best man at Lambert's wedding. He contributed to the Australian Magazine (1899) and wrote a tribute to Lambert in the Lambert memorial number of Art in Australia (Lambert 1930). Lambert drew this pencil portrait of Ada Beattie when she was lying in bed with the flu, while he discussed amateur theatricals with her.
Lambert's remarkable ability as a draughtsman was recognised early on. In 1897 the Sydney Daily Telegraph critic remarked of one of Lambert's pencil drawings that 'Few men in Australia …
can do more with a pencil than he' (Sayers 1989, p.126). In this drawing he used his pencil expressively to capture the cosy warmth of Ada Beattie's wrap, contrasting these energetic lines with the brief outlines with which he hinted at the pillows and bedlinen. Likewise, he drew her hair using a dark pencil and her facial features with more subtle, delicate gestures. In this way
he gave interest and variety to the image.
Lambert showed this drawing, together with pencil portrait sketches of Beatrice Beattie and William Beattie, in the New South Wales Society of Artists exhibition in 1898. It was then purchased by the Art Gallery of New South Wales.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
U.S. Highway 67
As of 2004, the highway's northern terminus is in Sabula, Iowa at an intersection with U.S. Highway 52. Its southern terminus is in Presidio, Texas at the Rio Grande, where it continues in Mexico as Highway 16.
- When US 67 was commissioned in the original 1926 numbering plan, it extended from Fredericktown, Missouri to Dallas, Texas.
- The route was extended across West Texas to its present-day southern terminus in 1930.
- In 1934, US 67 was extended northward to Dubuque, Iowa. Between Davenport, Iowa and Dubuque, it incorporated the route of U.S. Highway 55. The remainder of US 55 (to Minneapolis, Minnesota) was absorbed by U.S. Highway 52.
- The 1934 extension left the last 35 miles (56 km) of US 67, south of Dubuque, co-signed with the extended US 52. In 1967, the US 67 designation was removed from this section, ending US 67 at Sabula, Iowa.
The highway passes through the following states:
Related US Routes
Sources and external links
- Endpoints of US highways (used with permission)
The contents of this article is licensed from _URL_ under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details


Tuesday, 3 August, 2021
contagious Archives - Iran News Daily
Why Is Yawning so Contagious? 02 Sep 2017
Why Is Yawning so Contagious?
TEHRAN – Experts published a research that suggests the human propensity for contagious yawning is triggered automatically by primitive reflexes in the primary motor cortex – an area of the brain responsible for motor function. Feeling tired? Even if we aren't tired, why do we yawn if someone else does? Experts at the University of […]


.
dnssec_keys{}.public
The public portion of this key.
dnssec_keys{}.private
The private portion of this key.
dns_repos
A list of zone file repos to check out on the server. Each item in the list is a dictionary with the following keys:
dns_repos[].name
The name of the repo.
dns_repos[].url
The URL of the git repository.
dns_zones
A list of zones that should be served by named. Each item in the list is a dictionary with the following keys:
dns_zones[].name
The name of the zone.
dns_zones[].source
The repo name and path of the directory containing the zone file. For example if a repo was provided to master-nameserver.dns_repos.name with the name example.com, and within that repo, the zone.db file was located at zones/example_com/zone.db, then the value here should be example.com/zones/example_com.
dns_notify
A list of IP addresses of nameservers which named should notify on updates.
minimal-nodepool
Create minimal nodepool requirements so that we can manage nodepool servers with ansible and puppet while we transition.
NOTE: THis likely isn't what we want long term. Should have a proper nodepool role or use windmill.
Role Variables
 - None
nameserver
Configure an authoritative nameserver
This role installs and configures nsd to be an authoritative nameserver.
Role Variables
tsig_key
The TSIG key used to authenticate connections between nameservers.
tsig_key{}.algorithm
The algorithm used by the key.
tsig_key{}.secret
The secret portion of the key.
dns_zones
A list of zones that should be served by named. Each item in the list is a dictionary with the following keys:
dns_zones[].name
The name of the zone.
dns_zones[].source
The repo name and path of the directory containing the zone file. For example if a repo was provided to master-nameserver.dns_repos.name with the name example.com, and within that repo, the zone.db file was located at zones/example_com/zone.db, then the value here should be example.com/zones/example_com.
dns_master
The IP addresses of the master nameserver.
openafs-client
An ansible role to configure an OpenAFS client
Note
This role uses system packages where available, but for platforms or architectures where they are not available will require external builds. Defaults will pick external packages from OpenStack Infra builds, but you should evaluate if this is suitable for your environment.
This role configures the host to be an OpenAFS client. Because OpenAFS is very reliant on distribution internals, kernel versions and host architecture this role has limited platform support. Currently supported are
 - Debian family with system packages available
 - Ubuntu Xenial with ARM64, with external 1.8 series packages
 - CentOS 7 with external packages
Role Variables
openafs_client_cell
Default: openstack.org
The default cell
openafs_client_cache_size
Default: 500000
The AFS client cache size, in kilobytes
openafs_client_yum_repo_url
Default: ''_URL_
The URL to a yum/dnf repository with the OpenAFS client RPMs. These are assumed to be created from the .spec file included in the OpenAFS distribution.
openafs_client_yum_repo_gpg_check
Default: no
Enable or disable gpg checking for openafs_yum_repo_url
openafs_client_apt_repo
Default: ppa:openstack-ci-core/openafs-arm64
Source string for APT repository for Debian family hosts requiring external packages (currently ARM64)
pip3
Install system packages for python3 pip and virtualenv
Role Variables
 - None
puppet-install
Install puppet on a host
Note
This role uses puppetlabs versions where available in preference to system packages.
This roles installs puppet on a host
Role Variables
puppet_install_version
Default: 3
The puppet version to install. Platform support for various version varies.
puppet_install_system_config_modules
Default: yes
If we should clone and run install_modules.sh from OpenStack Infra system-config repository to populate required puppet modules on the host.
root-keys
Write out root SSH private key
Role Variables
root_rsa_key
The root key to place in /root/.ssh/id_rsa
set-hostname
Set hostname
Remove cloud-init and statically set the hostname, hosts and mailname
Role Variables
 - None
snmpd
Installs and configures the net-snmp daemon
timezone
Configures timezone to Etc/UTC and restarts crond when changed.
Role Variables
 - None
unbound
Installs and configures the unbound DNS resolver
users
Configure users on a server
Configure users on a server. Users are given sudo access
Role Variables
all_users
Default: {}
Dictionary of all users. Each user needs a uid, gid and key
base_users
Default: []
Users to install on all hosts
extra_users
Default: []
Extra users to install on a specific host or group
disabled_users
Default: []
Users who should be removed from all hosts
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License
Except where otherwise noted, this document is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. See all OpenStack Legal Documents.


text:
Low-temperature spin dynamics in the face-centered-icosahedral Zn-Mg-Tb quasicrystal has been investigated by inelastic neutron scattering around its spin-glass-like freezing temperature (Tf 5.8 K). A single broad inelastic peak, centered at ω 2.5 meV, was observed in the inelastic scattering spectrum at temperatures ranging from the base temperature up to ∼20 K. The inelastic peak energy is Q independent, whereas the peak intensity shows weak Q dependence, which is qualitatively similar to that observed for the elastic diffuse scattering. The inelasticity of spin excitations is hardly seen in canonical spin glasses and thus is a distinct feature of the Zn-Mg-Tb quasicrystal. We argue, with an aide of numerical simulation, that this broad inelastic peak can be interpreted as localized collective fluctuations of short-range-ordered spins in a dodecahedral spin cluster. In a much lower-energy region (ω<0.8 meV), we observed a strong quasielastic signal, appearing only above Tf; its peak width decreases as the temperature is lowered and vanishes at Tf. It is thus evident that the quasielastic signal corresponds to a slow spin dynamics that freezes at the macroscopic freezing temperature. The coexistence of the inelastic peak and quasielastic signal suggests that the short-range order in the single cluster is robustly formed but is dynamic for Tf <T<20 K. The macroscopic freezing at Tf is, thus, attributed to a random freezing of spin-cluster fluctuations.
|Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics
|Published - 2006


text:
After receiving more than 550 applications and conducting interviews with 85 candidates over a 12-week period, the UCSF Adult Psychiatry Residency Training Program (RTP) announced that it will welcome a full class of 16 new residents into its Class of 2021. The incoming class, which will begin clinical work in late June after participating in orientation activities, is a highly diverse and accomplished group.
Together, the group has published 63 peer-reviewed manuscripts and presented 95 posters at national meetings. They hold interest in a wide variety of sub-specialties, including basic science research, child and adolescent psychiatry, clinical research, global mental health, medical education, public psychiatry, translational research, and women's mental health.
The class includes founders and managers of free clinics and non-profit community organizations, entrepreneurs, AmeriCorps members, editors-in-chief of literary magazines, medical student curriculum committee members, and peer mentors among its ranks, as well as Amnesty International, Latino Medical Student Association, Physicians for Human Rights, and Student National Medical Association chapter presidents. Included in the group are fluent speakers of Arabic, Dutch, French, Italian, Persian, Spanish, Thai, Vietnamese, and American Sign Language.
Additional facts about the UCSF Adult Psychiatry Residency Training Program Class of 2021:
- 56 percent are women
- 25 percent are from under-represented minorities in medicine (as defined by the Association of American Medical Colleges)
- 31 percent received their medical degree from California institutions, 63 from medical schools in other U.S. states, and 6 percent from institutions abroad
- 44 percent intend to participate in the UCSF Psychiatry Research Resident Training Program
- 31 percent identify as LGBT
- 31 percent hold combined MD/PhD degrees, with several others holding other advanced degrees
- At 16 students, this year's incoming class of psychiatry residents is the largest in California and among the top ten largest in the nation
According to primary figures provided by the National Resident Matching Program, nearly 36,000 U.S. and international medical school students and graduates vied for residency positions, making this year's match the largest in history. Of those, 1,506 applicants were offered residency positions by 246 psychiatry programs. Over the past five years, the total number of psychiatry residency positions offered nationwide has increased by 34 percent.
About UCSF Psychiatry
The UCSF Department of Psychiatry and the Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute are among the nation's foremost resources in the fields of child, adolescent, adult, and geriatric mental health. Together they constitute one of the largest departments in the UCSF School of Medicine and the UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, with a mission focused on research (basic, translational, clinical), teaching, patient care and public service.
UCSF Psychiatry conducts its clinical, educational and research efforts at a variety of locations in Northern California, including UCSF campuses at Parnassus Heights, Mission Bay and Laurel Heights, UCSF Medical Center, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospitals, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, the San Francisco VA Health Care System, and UCSF Fresno.
About the UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences
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Vesanoid (tretinoin)
Vesanoid capsules contain the active ingredient tretinoin, which is a type of medicine called a retinoid. It is a form of vitamin A. It is also sometimes called ATRA ( All-Trans Retinoic Acid).
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What is it used for?
This medicine is used to induce remission in this particular type of leukaemia. It is used alongside chemotherapy to reduce the risk of relapse and improve survival. It can be used for people who have not yet had any treatment for their leukaemia, as well as for people whose leukaemia has not responded to chemotherapy or has come back (relapsed) after chemotherapy.
Chemotherapy may be given at the same time as this medicine, or immediately after remission is induced.
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How does it work?
Vesanoid capsules contain the active ingredient tretinoin, which is a type of medicine called a retinoid. It is a form of vitamin A. It is also sometimes called ATRA ( All-Trans Retinoic Acid).
Tretinoin is used in a particular form of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) called M3 (acute promyelocytic leukaemia).
In leukaemia the bone marrow produces too many immature white blood cells. These abnormal cells take up space in the bone marrow and result in less room for production of normal healthy blood cells.
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The way tretinoin works is not fully understood. It is thought to stop the abnormal blood cells from increasing in numbers. It also stimulates the abnormal promyelocytic cells to mature and develop normally, allowing space for the growth of normal, mature blood cells in the bone marrow and blood. Tretinoin is used to induce remission in this particular type of leukaemia. It is not a chemotherapy medicine itself.
How do I take it?
 - Vesanoid capsules are usually taken twice a day. The number of capsules to take and how long for will vary from person to person. It is important to follow the instructions given by your doctor.
 - The capsules should be swallowed whole with a drink of water. They should preferably be taken with or shortly after a meal.
 - If you forget to take a dose, take it as soon as you remember and tell your doctor immediately. Do not take a double dose to make up for a forgotten dose.
 - Your doctor will usually want you to take this medicine until there is no sign of your leukaemia (you are in remission) or for a maximum of 90 days.
 - Chemotherapy may be started during treatment with this medicine, or immediately after you stop taking it.
Warning!
 - You must not take vitamin A supplements (including multivitamins or fish oil supplements that contain vitamin A) while you are taking this medicine.
 - This medicine may cause birth defects if used during pregnancy and for this reason you must use an effective method of contraception to avoid getting pregnant during treatment. The mini-pill is not considered an effective enough method. Contraception should preferably be started one month before you start treatment. You should continue to use contraception to prevent pregnancy during treatment and for at least one month after treatment with this medicine is stopped. Consult your doctor immediately if you think you could be pregnant during treatment.
 - You will need to have regular blood tests during your treatment so that your doctor can monitor your blood cells, blood clotting, blood lipids, calcium levels and liver function.
 - Retinoic acid syndrome, often associated with very high levels of blood cells called leucocytes, is a very common side effect of this medicine. You should contact your doctor immediately if you experience possible symptoms of this syndrome while taking this medicine. These include a high temperature (fever), shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, coughing, dizziness, chest pain, abdominal pain, sudden weight gain or swelling. These side effects may mean you need additional treatments.
 - There is a risk of blood clots in the blood vessels during the first month of treatment with this medicine. You should let your doctor or nurse know if you get any redness, swelling or pain in your legs, chest pain, dizziness or breathlessness.
Use with caution in
 - Decreased kidney function.
 - Decreased liver function.
Not to be used in
 - People who are allergic to tretinoin or other retinoid medicines. These include acitretin and tazarotene.
 - People who are allergic to peanuts or soya (Vesanoid capsules contain soya bean oil).
 - Rare hereditary problems of fructose intolerance (Vesanoid capsules contain sorbitol).
 - Pregnancy.
 - Breastfeeding.
This medicine should not be used if you are allergic to one or any of its ingredients. Please inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have previously experienced such an allergy.
If you feel you have experienced an allergic reaction, stop using this medicine and inform your doctor or pharmacist immediately.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding
Certain medicines should not be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding. However, other medicines may be safely used in pregnancy or breastfeeding providing the benefits to the mother outweigh the risks to the unborn baby. Always inform your doctor if you are pregnant or planning a pregnancy, before using any medicine.
 - This medicine should not be used during pregnancy as it causes birth defects. Your doctor may want you to have a pregnancy test before starting treatment and every month throughout treatment.
 - Women who could get pregnant must use an effective method of contraception to prevent pregnancy during treatment. The mini-pill is not considered an effective enough method. Contraception should preferably be started one month before you start treatment. You should continue to use contraception to prevent pregnancy during treatment and for at least one month after treatment with this medicine is stopped. Consult your doctor immediately if you think you could be pregnant during treatment.
 - This medicine may pass into breast milk. Mothers who need treatment with this medicine should not breastfeed. Seek medical advice from your doctor.
Side effects
Medicines and their possible side effects can affect individual people in different ways. The following are some of the side effects that are known to be associated with this medicine. Just because a side effect is stated here, it does not mean that all people using this medicine will experience that or any side effect.
Very common (affect more than 1 in 10 people)
 - Retinoic acid syndrome. See the warning section above.
 - Increased white blood cell count (hyperleukocytosis).
 - Feeling generally unwell.
 - Shivering.
 - Decreased appetite.
 - Disturbances of the gut such as diarrhoea, constipation, nausea, vomiting or abdominal pain.
 - Anxiety or depression.
 - Difficulty sleeping (insomnia).
 - Confusion.
 - Headache.
 - Raised pressure inside the skull. tell your doctor if you are getting severe headaches while taking this medicine.
 - Dizziness.
 - Flushing.
 - Pins and needles sensations.
 - Problems with hearing or sight.
 - Irregular heartbeat.
 - Chest pain.
 - Beathing problems such as slow, shallow breathing or asthma attack.
 - Dry nose and mouth.
 - Skin reactions such as rash, itching, hair loss, sweating.
 - Bone pain.
 - Raised levels of fats called cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood.
Frequency unknown
 - Raised level of calcium in the blood (hypercalcaemia).
 - Increased levels of blood cells called platelets in the blood.
 - Inflammation of the blood vessels (vasculitis).
 - Blood clot in a blood vessel (thrombosis). See warning section above.
 - Stroke or heart attack as a result of a blood clot.
 - Inflammation of the muscles (myositis).
 - Genital ulcers.
 - Kidney problems.
The side effects listed above may not include all of the side effects reported by the medicine's manufacturer.
For more information about any other possible risks associated with this medicine, please read the information provided with the medicine or consult your doctor or pharmacist.
How can this medicine affect other medicines?
It is important to tell your doctor or pharmacist what medicines you are already taking, including those bought without a prescription and herbal medicines, before you start treatment with this medicine. Similarly, check with your doctor or pharmacist before taking any new medicines while taking this one, to make sure that the combination is safe.
Tetracycline-type antibiotics, eg minocycline, doxycycline, tetracycline, must not be used in combination with this medicine, because the combination may increase the risk of a condition where there is raised pressure inside the skull (benign intracranial hypertension).
You should not take vitamin supplements that contain vitamin A while you are taking this medicine, because this may result in a condition similar to vitamin A overdose. (Bear in mind that vitamin A may be found in multivitamin and fish oil supplements.)
There is an increased risk of getting a blood clot in the blood vessels if anti-fibrinolytic medicines such as tranexamic acid or aprotinin are used in combination with this medicine.
The following medicines may reduce the breakdown of this medicine by the liver and could increase the chance of side effects:
 - fluconazole (multiple dose treatments)
 - ketoconazole
 - voriconazole.
Other medicines containing the same active ingredient
There are no other medicines for treating cancer that contain tretinoin available in the UK.
Retin-A gel contains tretinoin; it is used to treat acne.
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C)and the add-on aﬃne module 1N Q/Y .
3 LLS with Discrete-time Pseudo YK Design
We discuss ﬁrst a special discrete-time case of Theorem
1 and its generalization for LLS, then provide the corre-
sponding design of Qand control of the waterbed.
Proposition 2 Consider a stable discrete-time nega-
tive feedback loop consisting of a controller C(z), and
a plant P(z)whose relative degree is m. If P1(z)and
C(z)are stable, then
Call (z) = C(z) + zmP1(z)Q(z)
1zmQ(z), Q(z)∈ S (3)
parameterizes all stabilizing controllers for P(z), and
the sensitivity function is
S(z) = 1zmQ(z)
1 + P(z)C(z)
,So(z)1zmQ(z)(4)
Proof follows by letting X(z) = C(z),Y(z)=1,
N(z) = zm, and D(z) = zmP1(z)in Theorem 1.
2Y()denotes, respectively, Y(s)|s=and Y(z)|z=, in
the continuous- and the discrete-time cases.
2
Proposition 2 reduces the add-on module in the sensitiv-
ity function to 1zmQ(z)in (4). The inverse-based pa-
rameterization has made the added module simple and
depend little on C(z)and P(z)(only the delay zmap-
pears here). This was achieved by conﬁning to plants
with stable inverses, and closed loops with stable base-
line controllers. These two conditions are relaxed in a
pseudo YK scheme in the next result.
Proposition 3 Consider a stable discrete-time nega-
tive feedback loop consisting of a controller C(z), and a
plant P(z)whose relative degree is m. Let
˜
C(z) = C(z) + zmˆ
P1(z)Q(z)
1zmQ(z), Q(z)∈ S (5)
where ˆ
P1(z)is chosen stable. If P(z) = ˆ
P(z), then
the new feedback loop consisting of P(z)and ˜
C(z)has
guaranteed stability. Otherwise, the new feedback loop is
stable if the roots of the following characteristic equation
are all inside the unit circle:
zmAQ(z)Bˆ
P(z)[AC(z)AP(z) + BC(z)BP(z)]
+AC(z)BQ(z)[Aˆ
P(z)BP(z)AP(z)Bˆ
P(z)] = 0 (6)
where BG(z)and AG(z)denote the coprime numerator
and denominator polynomials of a transfer function G.
Proof With P(z) = BP(z)/AP(z),C(z) = BC(z)/AC(z),
ˆ
P(z) = Bˆ
P(z)/A ˆ
P(z), and Q(z) = BQ(z)/AQ(z), (5)
transforms to
˜
C(z) = AQ(z)Bˆ
P(z)BC(z) + zmAC(z)Aˆ
P(z)BQ(z)
Bˆ
P(z)AC(z) [AQ(z)zmBQ(z)] (7)
With (7), the closed-loop characteristic equation is (6).
The root condition in the second half of the proposition
then readily follows. If P(z) = ˆ
P(z), (6) reduces to
AQ(z)Bˆ
P(z)[AC(z)AP(z) + BC(z)BP(z)] = 0 (8)
Hence the closed-loop poles are composed of the baseline
closed-loop poles and the poles of Q(z)and ˆ
P1(z).
As the baseline feedback loop, Q(z), and ˆ
P1(z)are all
stable, the new closed loop is thus stable. 2
Proposition 3 relaxes the requirements on stable Cand
P1by focusing on LLS and dropping the attempt to
parameterize all the stabilizing controllers. More specif-
ically, the subclass of all stabilizing controllers (5) can
be seen to always retain the unstable poles (which can
occur for stabilizing certain unstable plants) of C, if any.
On the other hand, from the viewpoint of implemen-
tation, a perfect plant model is unrealistic in practice
(due to high complexities or system uncertainties). In
this sense, a practical YK parameterization has to be an
approximation, or a robust version, of the ideal cases in
Section 2 and Proposition 2. As a perfect plant model is
not available anyway, a stable nominal inversion ˆ
P1(z)
is adopted in Proposition 3. This is one constraint that is
achievable in a large class of practical systems. 3More-
over, the next two paragraphs will show that the mis-
match between ˆ
P1and P1, if any, can actually be al-
lowed in the frequency regions that do not require servo
enhancement in LLS.
With (5), the sensitivity function 1/(1 + P(z)˜
C(z)) is
S(z) = 1zmQ(z)
1 + P(z)C(z) + zmQ(z) ( ˆ
P1(z)P(z)1) (9)
If ˆ
P1(e )P(e )=1, namely, at frequencies where the
inverse model is accurate, (9) gives
S(e ) = 1emjω Q(ejω)
1 + P(e )C(e )(10)
i.e. the decoupling of sensitivity in (4) remains valid
in the frequency domain. Enhancing the closed-
loop performance at ωithus translates to design-
ing emjωiQ(ej ωi)=1, which gives perfect distur-
bance rejection (S(ei)=0) and reference tracking
(T(ei) = 1) at ωi. Meanwhile, at ωkwhere there
are large model uncertainty and mismatches, high-
performance control intrinsically has to be sacriﬁced
for robustness based on robust control theory. We
will thus make Q(ek)0, to keep the inﬂuence
of the mismatch element zmQ(z)( ˆ
P1(z)P(z)1)
small in (9). More formally, as Q(z)and the base-
line sensitivity 1/(1 + P(z)C(z)) are both stable, if
|Q(e )(P(e )ˆ
P1(e )1)|<
1 + P(e )C(e )
in
(9) ω,S(z)will have guaranteed stability.
Fig. 1 presents a realization of the pseudo YK scheme. By
block diagram analysis, one can show that when r(k)=0
and zmQ(z)|z=ei1,c(k)approximates d(k)at
ωi(hence canceling the disturbance). Such time-domain
intuition can be used for tuning during implementations.
//zmˆ
P1(z)+
//
zm
+
oooo
Q(z)
+
c(k)
? d(k)
+
r(k)+
////C(z)+
//u(k)+
////P(z)y(k)
//
OO
Fig. 1. Block diagram of pseudo YK parameterization
3Indeed, inverse-based design has long been used in motion
control, e.g., in feedforward designs.
3
Next we provide solutions of Qfor LLS, and then several
design tools to control the waterbed.
Prototype LLS Solution Let {ωi}n
i=1 be a set of
distinct frequencies (in rad). Let Aζ(z) = Qn
i=1(1
2ζcos ωiz1+ζ2z2)—or after multiplication—Aζ(z) =
1 + a1ζz1+· · · +anζnzn+· · · +a1ζ2n1z2n+1 +
ζ2nz2n, where ζ=αor β,0< α < β 1, and βis
very close or equal to 1. Let P(z)be stabilized by (5),
with P(ei) = ˆ
P(ei), and
Q(z) = BQ(z)
Aα(z):K(z)Aβ(z)+zmBQ(z) = Aα(z)(11)
where K(z) = 1 if m= 1;K(z) = k(0,1] if m=
0; and K(z)is an FIR ﬁlter when m > 1. Then at
each ωi, a notch is created in the magnitude response
of the sensitivity function. Furthermore, if β=


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Devices (Device Usage metric)
The number of Visitors or Sessions by Device Type metric tells you the type of devices used by visitors to your website in a specific time range.
This information helps you optimize your website design, experience, content, and optimize your content for advertising campaigns.
What is the device type usage in your analytics dashboard?
Device type in your analytics refers to the visitors who use a mobile phone, desktop, or tablet. Some analytics tools display the device brand, as well.
As you might know by now, visitors to a website come from all around the globe and from all sorts of devices. While some industries are more keen to have visitors using a specific device in a high percentage, sometimes you have to declutter your statistics and see what type of device do people use when they visit your site.
Why is the Device Usage essential for you and your site?
Knowing the devices your website is accessed from helps you optimize your design and content for the devices that your customers use and display a consistent experience to your customers no matter the device they use. This means a higher chance to convert your visitor into a customer.
 Once you start to analyze the data (e.g., each visitor activity combined with device types), you will see the number of visitors by device type in a specific time range. This helps you observe and analyze trends in your traffic, identify opportunities, and easily see the problems that have an impact on your users based on the device type.
 Here a few examples of actions influenced by device type:
 1. Visitors who use a mobile device (e.g., smartphone) to check a site that's not mobile-friendly will:
 - Bounce fast and spend less time on the site
 It is easier to quit a site using a mobile device, and people are used with short content (mobile copywriting) and easy to use websites and apps - if your site lacks these, there is an extremely high chance to lose these customers.
 - Be less likely to perform purchases or fill forms
 If you have a non-mobile-friendly site, but you want your visitors to buy a product or sign-up to something, there is a low chance for this to happen if the user experience is not smooth.
 1. visitors who use a desktop device (computer, notebook)
 While we know for a fact that mobile devices are the leading source of internet traffic in the US and Europe, the highest percent of people spending/buying something online was coming from visits made through a desktop device. Here are a few facts to know about desktop device visitors:
 - They are familiar with long-form content, so if you have a more complex checkout or form, you may want to target desktop users with your ads. However, keep in mind that most of the research is done via mobile devices and the purchase via laptops/notebooks and desktop devices.
 - They spend a higher amount of time watching videos. This, again, helps you optimize the product video of your site (make it lengthier or shorter, based on your target group and stats) and optimize your video ads as well!


text:
What it is:
A leadership grid, also known as a management grid, is a tool for determining leadership style. The idea dates to the 1960s and was developed by Robert Blake and Jane Mouton.
How it works (Example):
Leadership behavior, as it relates to the leadership grid, has two types: task orientation and relationship orientation. Task behavior involves monitoring and rewarding achievement of certain tasks; it involves more organizing and scheduling. Relationship behavior involves making employees feel good, building trust and monitoring working conditions.
The leadership grid, below, plots the task orientation as the X axis and the relationship orientation as the Y axis.
Why it Matters:
Leadership grids don't just illustrate how leaders lead -- they show how companies get things done and achieve goals. They can also detect which leaders need to place more focus on getting things done as opposed to making people happy, and vice versa.


text:
Whether for plastic welding, the deformation of material, heat-shrink tubing, removing material residues or drying paint – hot air blowers are universal aids and hence belong in every professional's basic tool kit.
With the powerful heat tools from the Trotec range of products you always have the appropriate solution for every requirement.
What is a hot air blower?
In order to deliberately heat or cool down various materials you need a special power tool known as hot air blower, heat gun or, alternatively, hot air gun. For this purpose the hot air blower sucks in the ambient air and heats it by means of a heating element. Then the heated air is discharged again through an outlet tube. You can systematically control or adjust the according air flow rate. In the majority of application scenarios this flow rate ranges between 150 and 500 litres per minute. Normally, temperatures between 50 and 600 °C are available on that score. If you want to specifically direct the air current, you should get a hot air blower with differently shaped discharge nozzles.
Hot air blowers: their main application purpose and advantages at one glance
The electronically controlled hot air blowers can be applied in multiple scenarios. By preference you should apply these tools for the following cases of application:
Compared to a Bunsen burner or a blowtorch, which could also be used for some of the tasks, a hot air blower features simple handling characteristics and a temperature regulation that allows for relatively low values. Especially the latter attribute makes for a distinctive advantage seeing as combustible materials can be processed with a substantially reduced hazard potential owing to the low temperature settings.


text:
the delay time of 1.0 s. This result revealed that the VR transmittance depends on the molecular chain orientation. Results of this investigation show that the molecular chain orientation becomes least at 0.3 s delay time.
Regarding the light scattering intensity in the oriented polymer, Norris and Stein have shown the Rayleigh ratio R([theta]) in the following equations as a function of the angle between the direction of incident light and the direction of the scattered light based on Debye-Bueche theory:
[mathematical expression not reproducible] (3)
k = 2[pi]/[lambda] (4)
s = 2sin([theta]/2) (5)
[gamma](r) = exp(-r/a) (6)
Therein, [bar.[[eta].sup.2]] stands for the mean-square dielectric constant fluctuation, [[lambda].sub.0] and [lambda] respectively represent the wavelengths of light in vacuum and in the medium, and [gamma](r) signifies the correlation function describing the correlation between fluctuations for vacuum elements separated by distance r, as reported by Debye and Bueche. Furthermore, a is the correlation distance [29-31].
When r becomes large by molecular chain orientation, the Rayleigh ratio becomes small because [gamma](r) in Eq. 6 becomes small. Therefore, it is shown that the transmittance increases because of low scattering. This calculation result corresponds to the result found from this study that VR transmittance increases when the molecular chain orientation is large.
Furthermore, because the DSC curve of the molded parts surface was obtained, results for curves of Type I and Type II presented in Fig. 8 depict that the orientation was small. This result demonstrates that the skin layer has a small orientation. Absorption of IR is known to occur because of intermolecular vibration. This frequency v, which depends on the molecular structure, is expressed as the following Eq. 7:
v = 1/2[pi]c [square root of (f/[mu])] (7)
Therein, c and f respectively represent the velocity of light and the force constant. Also, [mu] is the reduced mass of this system, as defined by the following Eq. 8:
[mu] = [m.sub.A] x [m.sub.B]/[m.sub.A] + [m.sub.B] (8)
This intermolecular vibration is inferred from results of Fig. 7 to occur only in a thin skin layer having smaller molecular chain orientation and low crystallinity. Furthermore, v in the skin layer becomes the same value because the only polymer used for this study was HDPE. Therefore, the IR transmittance is expected to depend on the skin layer thickness. Most of the IR in the shear-core layer is thought to be transmitted because this vibration occurs only with difficulty when crystallized by molecular chain orientation.
Distribution of Thickness in the Melt Flow Direction
Figure 10 presents measurement results for the molded part thickness when the delay time was changed at the cavity open distance of 0.5 mm using a mold of different surface roughness. The measurement locations were (P1), (P2), and (P3), as presented in Fig. 1a. The thickness became uniform by setting a longer delay time. Particularly, results showed that mold surface roughness affected the molded parts thickness uniformity because it became a constant value when using a mold with large surface roughness.
To obtain high IR transmittance and low VR transmittance necessary for a high-performance IR lens as a target HDPE, injection press molding was conducted with different cavity open distances and delay times considering the polymer melt flowability. The effects of these conditions on IR and VR transmittance of molded parts were assessed experimentally. The disk-shaped mold cavity has 0.5 mm thickness. Regarding the flowability of the polymer melt, two mold surface roughnesses Ra were used, 0.007 and 0.420 [micro]m, considering the influence of the mold surface roughness. As factors affecting transmittance, we evaluated the surface roughness, thickness, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), crystallinity, and internal structure of molded parts. Results of this investigation show that the surface roughness and thickness of molded parts did not influence IR or VR transmittance. Furthermore, when the skin layer having a small molecular chain orientation became thin, the IR transmittance rose by setting of a longer delay time. When the molecular chain orientation in the shear-core layer was small, the VR transmittance decreased. The molecular chain orientation in the shear-core layer changed depending on IPM conditions. Conditions sufficient to obtain the minimum value were found from this investigation. As a result of having evaluated the distribution of the molded parts thickness, it became uniform by setting a longer delay time. Furthermore, because a constant value was obtained when a mold of large surface roughness was used, the mold surface roughness was shown to affect the uniformity of the molded parts thickness.
In two of our earlier reports, injection molding changed the mold temperature and cooling time using a mold having mirror-like surface and surface roughness of three kinds. Furthermore, as described in this report, injection press molding with changed cavity open distance and delay time was done based on two of our earlier investigations. The main results obtained for injection molding and injection press molding obtained using a 0.5 mm thick cavity with disk shapes are described below.
* IR transmittance becomes higher with a thin skin layer having small molecular chain orientation and low crystallinity.
* VR transmittance becomes lower when the molecular chain orientation in the shear-core layer is small.
To obtain a skin-core structure as described above:
* For injection molding, the mold temperature and cooling time are set, respectively, as higher and longer. In such cases, it is not necessary to finish a mold in the mirror-like surface because the influence of the surface roughness of molded parts becomes extremely small when the mold temperature is high.
* For injection press molding, the IR transmittance increases when the delay time is particularly long. However, the VR transmittance increases simultaneously. In these investigation results, the most suitable values of cavity open distance and delay time were, respectively, the same values as the cavity thickness and injection time.
[1.] T.A. Osswald, L.S. Turng, and P.J. Gramann, Eds., Injection Molding Handbook, Hanser, Munich, 45 (2002).
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[18.] X. Yu, H. Wu, J. Li, S. Guo, and J. Qiu, Polym. Eng. Sci., 49, 703 (2009).
[19.] Z. Lu and K.F. Zhang, Polym. Eng. Sci., 49, 1661 (2009).
[20.] J. Giboz, A.B. Spoelstra, G. Portale, T


text:
A beautiful Aritaware porcelain plate in the Museum's collection, decorated with underglaze blue, dates to the mid-Edo period (1615–1868). Its exquisite design features a simple yet precisely painted radiating flower, unfolding with weblike precision. Our watch has been adapted from this elegant motif.
Resin case. Resin link bracelet. Ceramic face, made with SWAROVSKI ELEMENTS. Quartz movement. Case: 1 3/4'' diam.; inner circumference: 7 1/2''L (adjustable).
- Resin case
- MADE WITH SWAROVSKI® ELEMENTS
- Resin link bracelet
- Ceramic face
- Quartz movement
- Case: 1 3/4'' diam.; inner circumference: 7 1/2''L (adjustable)
Art HistoryDuring the Edo period (1615–1868), Japan was unified under the strict control of the Tokugawa shogunate, which controlled access to the outside world. In 1639, less than a century after Europeans had first found their way to Japan, the shogun instituted a policy of national isolation. Dutch merchants, however, were permitted to maintain residences near Nagasaki and to continue trade with Japan. Responding to European demand, the Dutch encouraged the Japanese porcelain industry to fill the gap left by China, where porcelain production was in decline. That Japanese export porcelain is commonly referred to as Aritaware.


text: Most digital libraries make extended document metadata available for the purpose of citation. This metadata has commonly been provided in human readable format, but more and more digital libraries are beginning to offer this information in convenient machine readable formats. At the same time, many advances have been made in cataloging and accessing documents and their associated metadata. We are witnessing the early evolution of bibliographic web services. In this paper we introduce an application (CITEX) for compiling bibliographies dynamically from bibliographic web services as they currently exist and we explore some of the challenges associated with providing bibliographic information, suggesting future paths for bibliographic web services.


text:
The private plane was met by two Typhoon jets scrambled from RAF ConingsbyRead the full story ›
A team of personnel from the German Air force were stationed at RAF Coningsby in March.
The team were taking part in the exercise dubbed Cobra Warrior and utilises every type of aircraft in the RAF's inventory which includes fast jets, helicopters, transport and ISTAR assets.
The personnel used different platforms to take part in eight 'real-world' scenarios as part of a three week- training.
Both the RAF and the German Air Force used the exercise as the final phase of their respective Qualified Weapons Instructor courses for their Eurofighter and Typhoon Aircraft.
One of Lincolnshire's most famous RAF stations got the Royal seal of approval today as it celebrated its 100th anniversary.
Prince William, took the Royal salute at the centenary parade of 29 squadron at RAF Coningsby, of which he is Honorary Air Commandant.
His Royal Highness also took to the skies, but in a different aircraft to that which had originally been planned as Kate Hemingway reports:
The Duke of Cambridge took a flight in a Chipmunk aircraft and observed a royal salute to mark the 100th anniversary of an RAF squadron.Read the full story ›
Members of 29 Squadron have spoken of their delight at Prince William attending their anniversary celebrations at RAF Coningsby.
RAF Coningsby is home to the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight. It held a flypast to celebrate the 100th anniversary of 29 Squadron.
Prince William is flying in a Chipmunk aircraft at RAF Coningsby as part of celebrations of the 100th anniversary of 29th Squadron.Read the full story ›
The Duke of Cambridge is at RAF Coningsby today as the 29th Squadron marks its 100th anniversary.Read the full story ›
A Typhoon fast jet has been specially painted to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the Battle of Britain. The jet, which is based as RAF Coningsby in Lincolnshire, has been painted in colours from the era with the identification number of the only RAF pilot to be awarded a Victoria Cross during the battle.
The last man out of Camp Bastion, Afghanistan, Wing Commander Matt Radnall, Royal Air Force Regiment arrived home on British soil, returning to RAF Brize Norton on Thursday evening.
His troops manned watchtowers on the camp perimeter until the last possible moment, handing over each tower to Afghan security forces in a well-rehearsed and seamless transition, before boarding a Royal Air Force Chinook helicopter to Kandahar, from where they were flown home.
7 Force Protection Wing based at RAF Coningsby are made up of RAF Regiment and RAF Police personnel from 15 Sqn, RAF Honington and 34 Sqn, RAF Leeming.
The Royal Air Force Regiment are the dedicated infantry for the RAF.


for kobject based structs. Must be followed with
- character for specific type of kobject as listed below:

- Device tree nodes:
+For printing kobject based structs (device nodes). Default behaviour is
+equivalent to ''%pOFf''.

- %pOF[fnpPcCF]
+ - f - device node full_name
+ - n - device node name
+ - p - device node phandle
+ - P - device node path spec (name + @unit)
+ - F - device node flags
+ - c - major compatible string
+ - C - full compatible string

- For printing device tree nodes. The optional arguments are:
- f device node full_name
- n device node name
- p device node phandle
- P device node path spec (name + @unit)
- F device node flags
- c major compatible string
- C full compatible string
- Without any arguments prints full_name (same as %pOFf)
- The separator when using multiple arguments is ':'
+The separator when using multiple arguments is ':'

- Examples:
+Examples::

 %pOF /foo/bar@0 - Node full name
 %pOFf /foo/bar@0 - Same as above
@@ -412,11 +425,10 @@ kobjects
 P - Populated
 B - Populated bus

- Passed by reference.
-
+Passed by reference.

 struct clk
-==========
+----------

 ::

@@ -430,8 +442,8 @@ structure; ''%pCr'' prints the current clock rate.

 Passed by reference.

-bitmap and its derivatives such as cpumask and nodemask
-=======================================================
+Bitmap and its derivatives (such as cpumask and nodemask)
+---------------------------------------------------------

 ::

@@ -439,13 +451,13 @@ bitmap and its derivatives such as cpumask and nodemask
 %*pbl 0,3-6,8-10

 For printing bitmap and its derivatives such as cpumask and nodemask,
-''%*pb'' output the bitmap with field width as the number of bits and ''%*pbl''
-output the bitmap as range list with field width as the number of bits.
+''%*pb'' outputs the bitmap with field width as the number of bits and ''%*pbl''
+outputs the bitmap as range list with field width as the number of bits.

 Passed by reference.

-Flags bitfields such as page flags, gfp_flags
-=============================================
+Flags bitfields (such as page flags, gfp_flags)
+-----------------------------------------------

 ::

@@ -459,14 +471,14 @@ character. Currently supported are [p]age flags, [v]ma_flags (both
 expect ''unsigned long *'') and [g]fp_flags (expects ''gfp_t *''). The flag
 names and print order depends on the particular type.

-Note that this format should not be used directly in :c:func:'TP_printk()' part
-of a tracepoint. Instead, use the ''show_*_flags()'' functions from
-<trace/events/mmflags.h>.
+Note that this format should not be used directly in the
+:c:func:'TP_printk()' part of a tracepoint. Instead, use the show_*_flags()
+functions from <trace/events/mmflags.h>.

 Passed by reference.

 Network device features
-=======================
+-----------------------

 ::

@@ -476,8 +488,10 @@ For printing netdev_features_t.

 Passed by reference.

+Thanks
+======
+
 If you add other ''%p'' extensions, please extend lib/test_printf.c with
 one or more test cases, if at all feasible.

-
 Thank you for your cooperation and attention.
diff --git a/lib/vsprintf.c b/lib/vsprintf.c
index 01c3957b2de6..e9538ed3d8b2 100644
--- a/lib/vsprintf.c
+++ b/lib/vsprintf.c
@@ -1727,115 +1727,68 @@ static char *ptr_to_id(char *buf, char *end, void *ptr, struct printf_spec spec)
 return number(buf, end, hashval, spec);
 }

+/**
+ * DOC: Extended Format Pointer Specifiers
+ *
+ * Briefly we handle the following extensions:
+ *
+ * - F - For symbolic function descriptor pointers with offset.
+ * - f - For simple symbolic function names without offset.
+ * - S - For symbolic direct pointers with offset.
+ * - s - For symbolic direct pointers without offset.
+ * - [FfSs]R - As above with __builtin_extract_return_addr() translation.
+ * - B - For backtraced symbolic direct pointers with offset.
+ * - R - For decoded struct resource, e.g., [mem 0x0-0x1f 64bit pref].
+ * - r - For raw struct resource, e.g., [mem 0x0-0x1f flags 0x201].
+ * - b[l] - For a bitmap, the number of bits is determined by the field width
+ * which must be explicitly specified either as part of the format string
+ * 32b[l] or through *b[l], [l] selects range-list format instead of hex format.
+ * - M - For a 6-byte MAC address, it prints the address in the usual
+ * colon-separated hex notation.
+ * - m - For a 6-byte MAC address, it prints the hex address without colons.
+ * - MF - For a 6-byte MAC FDDI address, it prints the address with a
+ * dash-separated hex notation.
+ * - [mM]R - For a 6-byte MAC address, Reverse order (Bluetooth).
+ * - I[46] - For IPv4/IPv6 addresses printed in the usual way.
+ * - I[S][pfs] - For generic IPv4/IPv6 address (struct sockaddr *) that falls
+ * back to [4] or [6] and is able to print port [p], flowinfo [f], scope [s].
+ * - i[46] - For 'raw' IPv4/IPv6 addresses IPv6 omits the colons (01020304...0f)
+ * IPv4 uses dot-separated decimal with leading 0's (010.123.045.006).
+ * - i[S][pfs] - For generic IPv4/IPv6 address (struct sockaddr *) that falls back
+ * to [4] or [6] ([pfs] as above).
+ * - [Ii][4S][hnbl] - For IPv4 addresses in host, network, big or little endian order.
+ * - I[6S]c - For IPv6 addresses printed as per _URL_
+ * - E[achnops] - For an escaped buffer.
+ * - U - For a 16 byte UUID/GUID.
+ * - V - For a struct va_format which contains a format ''string *'' and ''va_list *''.
+ * - K - For a kernel pointer that should be hidden from unprivileged users.
+ * - NF - For a netdev_features_t.
+ * - h


text:
Locust Grove is a National Historic Landmark on 55 acres of the original 694-acre farm established by William and Lucy Clark Croghan in 1790. William Croghan was the brother-in-law and surveying partner of George Rogers Clark, founder of Louisville and Revolutionary War hero. George spent the last nine years of his life at Locust Grove, from 1809 until his death in 1818.
Locust Grove also hosted three U.S. presidents (Monroe, Jackson, and Taylor) and was a stopping point for famed explorers Meriwether Lewis and William Clark—George and Lucy's younger brother—upon their return from their expedition to the Pacific. Contemporary exhibits at Locust Grove tell their stories alongside those of the many enslaved African Americans who lived and worked on the farm and contributed to its success. A tour of Locust Grove is a trip back to early Kentucky history, America's era of Western expansion, and frontier farm life.
- Program 125
- The restoration of the West Baden Springs Hotel in southern Indiana, the Crusade for Children telethon, historic Locust Grove, Raptor Rehabilitation of Kentucky, and Louisville Metro's Office for International Affairs. (#125)


text:
Digital Gold Mastery: A Roadmap to Successful Online Trading
In the fast-paced world of finance, where digital innovations constantly reshape the landscape, the concept of "Digital Gold" has emerged as a game-changer for online traders. This article provides a comprehensive roadmap to mastering the art of trading Digital Gold successfully. From understanding the fundamentals to navigating the challenges, we'll explore every facet that contributes to becoming a proficient online trader.
In today's digital age, the term "Digital Gold" has gained significant traction, signifying a new era in online trading. Before diving into the intricacies of trading this digital asset, it's crucial to grasp the fundamental concepts and appreciate the role it plays in the broader context of online trading.
Digital Gold represents a form of investment where gold is purchased and held electronically. This digital form provides investors with the advantages of owning physical gold without the associated hassles. Understanding the nuances of Digital Gold is paramount to making informed investment decisions.
How Digital Gold Differs from Traditional Gold
Drawing a clear distinction between Digital Gold and its traditional counterpart is essential. Explore the unique characteristics and benefits that set digital gold apart in the realm of online trading.
The Rise of Online Trading
As we witness the continuous evolution of financial markets, online trading has become more prevalent, offering both novice and experienced investors unprecedented opportunities.
Evolution of Online Trading Platforms
Trace the evolution of online trading platforms, from the early days to the sophisticated systems available today. Recognize the technological advancements that have paved the way for seamless digital transactions.
Increased Accessibility for Retail Investors
Online trading has democratized access to financial markets, allowing retail investors to participate in a way that was once reserved for institutional players. Examine the factors that contribute to this newfound accessibility.
Benefits of Trading Digital Gold
Unravel the numerous advantages that come with incorporating Digital Gold into an investment portfolio.
Liquidity and Flexibility
Digital Gold offers unparalleled liquidity, allowing investors to buy and sell with ease. Explore how this liquidity contributes to flexibility in managing investments.
Security and Transparency
Examine the security features and transparency inherent in Digital Gold transactions. Understand how these aspects address concerns commonly associated with traditional gold investments.
Choosing the Right Platform
Selecting the right platform is a critical step in the journey towards mastering online trading. Explore the factors that should influence this decision.
Researching Online Trading Platforms
Delve into the importance of thorough research when selecting an online trading platform. Consider factors such as reputation, security features, and user interface.
Factors to Consider
Highlight the key factors that traders should consider when evaluating different online trading platforms. From fees to customer support, each element plays a crucial role in the overall trading experience.
Getting Started with Online Trading
Embarking on the online trading journey requires a systematic approach, starting with the basics.
Creating an Account
Provide step-by-step guidance on creating an account on an online trading platform. Emphasize the importance of account security and the verification process.
Understanding Market Trends
Equip traders with the essential skills to interpret market trends. Discuss the significance of staying informed and utilizing analytical tools for effective decision-making.
Strategies for Successful Online Trading
Success in online trading hinges on employing effective strategies that mitigate risks and maximize returns.
Elaborate on the importance of risk management strategies in online trading. Discuss techniques such as setting stop-loss orders and diversifying portfolios.
Diversification of Assets
Advocate for a diversified approach to trading, exploring how spreading investments across different assets can help manage risk and enhance overall portfolio stability.
Digital Gold and Cryptocurrencies
Examine the intricate relationship between Digital Gold and the broader world of cryptocurrencies.
Relationship Between Digital Gold and Bitcoin
Explore the parallels and distinctions between Digital Gold and the pioneer of cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin. Understand how these assets complement each other in a diversified investment strategy.
Impact of Cryptocurrency Trends on Digital Gold
Analyze how the trends in the broader cryptocurrency market can influence the value and demand for Digital Gold. Stay attuned to the dynamic nature of this relationship.
Market Analysis Techniques
Mastering market analysis is essential for making informed trading decisions.
Break down the principles of fundamental analysis and how it applies to Digital Gold. Explore factors such as economic indicators and geopolitical events that can impact market trends.
Dive into the world of technical analysis, utilizing charts and patterns to forecast future price movements. Discuss the importance of technical indicators in making strategic trading decisions.
Challenges in Online Trading
Navigating the challenges inherent in online trading is a crucial aspect of achieving long-term success.
Acknowledge the reality of market volatility and explore strategies for managing and capitalizing on it. Discuss the psychological resilience required to withstand market fluctuations.
Psychological Challenges for Traders
Recognize the psychological challenges that traders often face, from fear and greed to the impact of emotional decision-making on trading outcomes.
Tips for Managing Risks
Managing risks is a continuous process that requires a proactive approach.
Setting Realistic Goals
Guide traders in setting realistic and achievable goals. Emphasize the importance of aligning goals with risk tolerance and investment horizon.
Staying Informed about Market Conditions
Highlight the significance of staying informed about market conditions. Discuss the role of ongoing education and the value of remaining adaptable in the face of evolving market dynamics.
Future Trends in Online Trading
Anticipating future trends is vital for staying ahead in the dynamic world of online trading.
Explore the impact of emerging technologies, such as blockchain and artificial intelligence, on the future of online trading. Consider how these advancements may shape the landscape.
Examine the evolving regulatory environment surrounding online trading. Stay abreast of regulatory developments and their potential implications for traders.
Community and Support Networks
Building connections within the online trading community can contribute to success.
Importance of Networking in Online Trading
Highlight the benefits of networking with other traders. Discuss how shared experiences and insights can contribute to continuous learning and growth.
Online Trading Communities
Explore the various online trading communities and forums where traders can connect, share information, and seek advice. Emphasize the value of a supportive community in navigating the challenges of online trading.
In conclusion, mastering the art of trading Digital Gold involves a holistic understanding of the market, strategic decision-making, and continuous learning. By embracing the roadmap outlined in this article, traders can navigate the complexities of online trading with confidence and competence.
Is Digital Gold a safe investment?
Digital Gold is considered a relatively safe investment, offering the benefits of gold ownership without the logistical challenges of physical possession.
How can I manage the psychological challenges of online trading?
Managing psychological challenges involves setting realistic goals, staying informed, and maintaining emotional resilience in the face of market fluctuations.
What are the key factors to consider when choosing an online trading platform?
Factors to consider include platform reputation, security features, user interface, fees, and customer support.
How can I stay informed about market conditions?
Staying informed involves continuous education, monitoring market trends, and utilizing news sources and analytical tools.
Are there success stories in Digital Gold trading that I can learn from?
Yes, profiles of successful Digital Gold traders provide valuable insights and lessons that aspiring traders can incorporate into their strategies.


text:
Sacred-Texts Buddhism Index Sources Previous Next
§ 21. THE COMPOSITION OF THE BODY.
Translated from the Visuddhi-Magga (chap. xi.).
The amount of the earthy element in the body of a man of medium size is about a bushel, and consists of an exceedingly fine and impalpable powder. This is prevented from being
dispersed and scattered abroad, because it is held together by about half a bushel of the watery element and is preserved by the fiery element and is propped up by the windy element. And thus prevented from being dispersed and scattered abroad, it masquerades in many different disguises, such as the various members and organs of women and men, and gives the body its thinness, thickness, length, shortness, firmness, solidity, etc.
The watery element is of a juicy nature and serves to hold the body together. It is prevented from trickling or flowing away, because it rests in the earthy element and is preserved by the fiery element and is propped up by the windy element. And thus prevented from trickling or flowing away, it gives the body its plumpness or leanness.
The fiery element has heat as its characteristic, and has a vaporous nature, and digests what is eaten and drunk. Resting in the earthy element and held together by the watery element and propped up by the windy element, it cooks the body and gives it its beauty of complexion. And the body thus cooked is kept free from decay.
The windy element is characterized by its activeness and its ability to prop up, and courses through every member of the body. Resting in the earthy element and held together by the watery element and preserved by the fiery element, it props up the body. And it is because the body is thus propped up that it does not fall over, but stands upright. And it is when the body is impelled by the windy element that it performs its four functions of walking, standing, sitting, or lying-down, or draws in and stretches out its arms, or moves its hands and its feet.
Thus does this machine made of the four elements move like a puppet, and deceives all foolish people with its femininity, masculinity, etc.
Next: § 22. On Getting Angry


text:
Investing in European food companies presents clear environmental and social risks as well as considerable opportunities (the sector as a whole should benefit from further population growth).
As a bottom-up, long-term investor, we have developed a valuation tool that factors ESG considerations into investment decisions to find companies able to generate sustainable value.
Assessing the opportunities and risks
Estimates indicate a gap of nearly 70% between the amount of food available today and that required by 2050.
Closing this gap, while improving the quality of our food, protecting the environment, replenishing strained resources, recognising the value of those who farm the land and wasting less along the food chain, will be part of private and public sector policies over the next thirty years.
- Environmental risks:
Agriculture represents approximately 10% of greenhouse gas emissions in the EU and the US. The extensive use of monocultural fields has led to biodiversity loss. Nutrient degradation and erosion affect soil quality. Resource depletion and pollution to water and air are also concerns.
- Economic and, hence, social risks:
- Large food producers and distributors shifted the balance of power, now reaping most of the pricing power to the detriment of farmers.
- Political instability (e.g. 2014 Russian ban on EU food products, end of European milk quotas) has led to sharp falls in prices of certain food products, further impacting farmers' revenues.
- More rigorous environmental and animal-welfare standards have raised farmers' costs significantly over the past ten years.
- Consumers are eating less meat – very few categories, like poultry, are still growing.
- Farmer-led protests often impact the economy as a whole.
Integrating opportunities and risks into models
As a proxy for gauging the sustainability of a company's business model, we look at whether it creates value for its stakeholders: suppliers/society/states, people, investors, clients and the environment (SPICE). The SPICE model structures our financial and ESG research work and is fully integrated into our proprietary research and valuation tool.
Each company in the investment universe is given a SPICE rating, and the fund manager reviewing the stock is responsible for keeping the analysis up-to-date. The SPICE rating is used to adjust a stock's beta:
Impact of integration
The table below shows food-related examples of how ESG issues, which represent over 65% of our SPICE rating, have affected companies' adjusted beta.


text:
Francis William Kellogg (May 30, 1810-January 13, 1879) was a U.S. Representative from the states of Michigan and Alabama.
Kellogg was born in Worthington, Massachusetts and attended the common schools. He moved to Columbus, Ohio, in 1833 and then to Grand Rapids, Michigan, in 1855 where he engaged in the lumber business with the firm Kellogg, White & Co. at Kelloggville (which was named after him) in Kent County, Michigan. He was a member of the Michigan State House of Representatives in 1857 and 1858.
Kellogg was elected from Michigan as a Republican to United States House of Representatives for the Thirty-sixth, Thirty-seventh, and Thirty-eighth Congresses, serving from March 4, 1859 to March 3, 1865. During the American Civil War, he organized the Second, Third, and Sixth Regiments by authority of the United States Department of War and was appointed colonel of the Third Regiment. He was appointed by U.S. President Andrew Johnson as collector of internal revenue for the southern district of Alabama on April 30, 1866, and served until July 1868, residing in Mobile, Alabama.
Upon the readmission of Alabama to the Union, Kellogg was elected as a Republican to the Fortieth Congress, serving from July 22, 1868, to March 3, 1869. He then moved to New York City and later to Alliance, Ohio, where he died. He is interred in Fulton Street Cemetery in Grand Rapids, Michigan.
This article incorporates facts obtained from the public domain Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.


Project LooM
Gujarat Places
Ajrakh: Part 5: Web of connections
Ajrakh's web of connections
It takes a village to raise a child, goes the old saying. Well, it takes a village to make Ajrakh as well.
Using wood blocks to create designs on fabric is a technique that goes back centuries. Ajrakh belongs to this class of crafts. It originated in Sindh and came into Gujarat.
Step 1: Let us begin with the wood blocks. Ajrakh block carving is itself a highly specialised craft. Today there are just a few Ajrakh block carvers in Pethapur, Gandhinagar, Gujarat. The wood that is most suitable comes from local indigenous trees such as babur (Acacia farnesiana), keekar (Acacia arabica) and sisham (Dalbergia sisso). The main trunk of the tree is cut into square blocks of a particular size. Then comes the carving of the design. Negative areas are skilfully carved out to make a wood block that is used for printing.
Step 2: Saaj. The cotton cloth is torn, traditionally by hand, into lengths that are specific and suitable for use. This cloth is soaked overnight in a mixture of soda, castor oil, water and animal dung (cow, camel or goat) to dislodge the starch. The next day, the fabric is watched in running water. The fabric is beaten with a mallet until it is cleaned of starch and other impurities.
Step 3: Kasanu: The next step is to dip the fabric in myrobalan (harda) solution. This prepares the fabric to absorb colour. The solution is made by mixing dry myrobalan powder with castor oil and water.
Step 4: Kiryana: The outlines are drawn. A mixture of gum arabic with lime and water is made into a thick paste. This lime is the main resist with whitening powder, which helps ensure a smooth texture without any cracks and makes the surface impermeable. The same pattern is repeated on the other side of the fabric if the Ajrakh needs to be a double sided one.
Step 5: Kat: Iron acetate is used for the black patterns. It is made by fermenting iron scrap with water, gram flour or besan and molasses for 10 days. This is boiled further to make a thick emulsion by adding tamarind powder and edible oil. This gives a dark black colour. Alum is added to get a greyish tone. If the background of the fabric has black colour, it is painted black using a brush instead of printing the background with blocks.
Step 6: Pah: A mixture of tamarind seeds, alum and water is boiled to make the printing paste red in colour. Since alum is colourless, usually some red colour is mixed in so that the colour is visible and the blocks can be properly aligned. This red colour will wash out. The printed area/alum will develop red colour when the fabric is boiled in alizerine or madder.
Step 7: Gachh: Millet flour is mixed with water and boiled till it becomes a paste. This paste is then mixed with fuller's earth or clay, alum and molasses until all the ingredients are thoroughly dissolved. This thick paste is spread over the fabric and ground cow dung or ground saw dust is sprinkled immediately over it. The fabric is dried under the sun for a few hours. Areas which need to be resisted from the next process of indigo dyeing are printed with this resist paste.
Step 8: Bodaw: The Indigo vat is a deep earthenware pot sunk into the ground. Indigo, lime, soda and dates are the ingredients for making indigo dye. The fabric is carefully pleated and dipped in the vat in parts. The folds are slightly opened to ensure even dyeing. The fabric is taken out, slightly squeezed and spread under the sun. Oxidation takes place in about 20 minutes. The fabric is then folded and rolled into a large bundle ready to be washed the next morning.
Step 9: After indigo dyeing, the fabric is washed to degum the resist print. This will remove the excess indigo, clay, sawdust and other colouring materials which may not have penetrated the fabric's fibre. The fabric is thoroughly washed in running water and laid flat to dry in the sun.
Step 10: Rang: A solution of alizerine (madder), alum and water is boiled in a large container. The fabric is dipped into this boiling solution along with dhawai phool or Woodfordia fruiticosa. The fabric is boiled in the solution until the desired red colour is achieved. Then the fabric is washed, squeezed and dried in the sun.
Step 11: Minakari: To achieve two shades or darker shades of indigo and read, a process called Minakari is followed. This literally means repeating the work So that the earlier steps are repeated to make the shade darker.
Thanks to Abduljabbar Mohammad Khatri for explaining and providing this content.
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text:
The city of Reno has become the newest municipality to make the move from Columbus Day to Indigenous Peoples Day.
During its regular meeting Oct. 2, Reno City Council unanimously approved the establishment of Indigenous Peoples Day. It will be recognized the second Monday in October every year, in place of Columbus Day.
According to a news release from the city, council took the recommendation from the Human Rights Committee "as a way to recognize, respect and honor the importance of the First Nations and Indigenous People."
According to the city, the Oct. 2 vote came in response to a group of residents involved with the American Indian Movement of Northern Nevada (AIM) initially speaking during public comment at the Aug. 4 council meeting.
For decades, Native American activists have advocated for abolishing Columbus Day (this year, it will be observed Oct. 14), which became a federal holiday in 1934.
The holiday honors 15th-century Italian explorer Christopher Columbus, who is credited for discovering America in 1492.
What is not taught in schools, regional tribal leaders stress, is the fact Native Americans — the first inhabitants of the land that later became the United States of America — were displaced and decimated after Columbus and other European explorers reached the continent.
Columbus called the indigenous peoples' "Indians" because he mistakenly thought he had arrived in the "Indies," the islands of Southeast Asia.
"It's a shame to celebrate somebody that did so much harm to the Indigenous peoples here," Laurie Thom, chairwoman of the Yerington Paiute Tribe, said in a recent interview with First Nation's Focus. "This land was inhabited; he didn't discover it, and that's a key message I think we need to send across the nation."
According to the city, after the Aug. 4 meeting, council directed the Human Rights Commission to discuss and make a recommendation regarding Indigenous Peoples Day; that discussion took place Sept. 12, leading up to this week's vote.