TLD Reader – Glow Curve
As was written, previously absorbed energy from electromagnetic radiation or other ionizing radiation in these materials is re-emitted as light upon heating of the material. The intensity of light emitted is measure by TLD reader and it is dependent upon the radiation exposure. A typical basic TLD reader contains the following components:
 - Heater. Heater raises the temperature of the TL material
 - Photomultiplier tube. PMT amplifies and measures the light output.
 - Meter/Recorder. Recorder is able to display and record data.
Glow Curve - TLD Reader
Glow Curve Source: Dosimetry. Study Guide for Radiological control Technician. DOE-HDBK-1122-99. Department of Energy
In order to obtain the dose received, the TLD chip must be heated in this TLD reader. The trapped electrons return to the ground state and emit photons of visible light. The amount of light emitted relative to the temperature is called the glow curve. This curve is analyzed to determine the dose. After the readout is complete, the TLD is annealed at a high temperature. This process essentially zeroes the TL material by releasing all trapped electrons. The TLD is then ready for reuse. There are two types of readers. Automatic, and manual readers. The automatic TLD reader is a lot more complicated than it might expected.
References:
Radiation Protection:
 1. Knoll, Glenn F., Radiation Detection and Measurement 4th Edition, Wiley, 8/2010. ISBN-13: 978-_PHONE_.
 2. Stabin, Michael G., Radiation Protection and Dosimetry: An Introduction to Health Physics, Springer, 10/2010. ISBN-13: 978-_PHONE_.
 3. Martin, James E., Physics for Radiation Protection 3rd Edition, Wiley-VCH, 4/2013. ISBN-13: 978-_PHONE_.
 4. U.S.NRC, NUCLEAR REACTOR CONCEPTS
 5. U.S. Department of Energy, Instrumantation and Control. DOE Fundamentals Handbook, Volume 2 of 2. June 1992.
Nuclear and Reactor Physics:
 1. J. R. Lamarsh, Introduction to Nuclear Reactor Theory, 2nd ed., Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA (1983).
 2. J. R. Lamarsh, A. J. Baratta, Introduction to Nuclear Engineering, 3d ed., Prentice-Hall, 2001, ISBN: 0-201-82498-1.
 3. W. M. Stacey, Nuclear Reactor Physics, John Wiley & Sons, 2001, ISBN: 0- 471-39127-1.
 4. Glasstone, Sesonske. Nuclear Reactor Engineering: Reactor Systems Engineering, Springer; 4th edition, 1994, ISBN: 978-_PHONE_
 5. W.S.C. Williams. Nuclear and Particle Physics. Clarendon Press; 1 edition, 1991, ISBN: 978-_PHONE_
 6. G.R.Keepin. Physics of Nuclear Kinetics. Addison-Wesley Pub. Co; 1st edition, 1965
 7. Robert Reed Burn, Introduction to Nuclear Reactor Operation, 1988.
 8. U.S. Department of Energy, Nuclear Physics and Reactor Theory. DOE Fundamentals Handbook, Volume 1 and 2. January 1993.
 9. Paul Reuss, Neutron Physics. EDP Sciences, 2008. ISBN: 978-_PHONE_.
See above:
TLD


Quote Originally Posted by Steve Sherman View Post
The previous post didn't work out to well.
I used to use a piece of 1/4" plate glass with not frame. In using Azo I found the printing time quite long. Just happened to switch to a vacuum frame which uses a piece of clear 1/8" glass, the printing times were significantly shorter with the same negatives. I asked a glass person why and he said that plate glass is inherently stronger than ordinary glass and actually has a light reducing effect, he simply asked if the sides of the glass were at all green, that is an indication of "plate" glass which reduces light transmission.
Also, Azo is largely sensitive to UV and glass tends to block UV - that's why UV lenses are made of quartz. I'd bet that if you were using ordinary enlarging paper, you wouldn't see nearly as much difference between the 2 pieces of glass.


How Long Does A Drunk Person Throw Up (And Why)?
Exact Answer: 10 Minutes
Drinking is often followed by puking in case the normal quantity is exceeded. This is the body's innate way of signaling that it can't take any more alcohol content. For people who throw up each time they indulge in drinking episodes, it is highly essential to know the normal duration.
This will definitely help the person control the amount and understand the body's limits as well. There is nothing dangerous about throwing up after drinking a lot as it is a defense mechanism, but it might be a health hazard in some cases. To keep a check, puking for ten minutes is considered normal.
How Long Does A Drunk Person Throw Up?
An individual's drinking habits play a huge role in determining the duration of throwing up later on. The body is basically trying to digest and absorb the ethanol content but as it is not possible, all the contents are thrown out. It is generally assumed that females throw up more than males but no research work or proof has been able to establish it yet.
There are three distinctions based on the body's tolerance and capacity. Health is also a crucial factor. Drinking leads to more drinking. The most common reason is that an intoxicated person is unaware of how much alcohol intake would be reasonable. A solution to this issue is to keep limited drinking resources in reach. People even begin drinking again after puking for such small durations.
It is quite obvious that excessive drinking will lead to a severe hangover. Though throwing up is not the only issue that constitutes a hangover, it is a major part. Either the person faints due to the inability to stay alert or pukes for short intervals for an hour. This is the average duration and might vary based on remedies used and timely treatment.
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Like food poisoning, alcohol poisoning can also turn fatal. This condition arises when alcohol reaches the person's blood. The absorption process disturbs all the internal mechanisms and disrupts normal bodily functioning. Due to this, the defenses treat the drink as an invasion. Medical help is required in this case.
In summary:
ConditionTime
Binge Drinking10 minutes
Severe Hangover50 minutes
Alcohol Poisoning 2 hours
Why Would A Drunk Person Throw Up For So Long?
It is worth understanding the reason why people throw up in the first place, after high or low liquor intake. The body can handle only a limited amount as alcohol is not a very palatable beverage. Though some options come with enriching properties, the side effects and disadvantages always outdo the perks.
People who have experienced a sudden urge to puke after drinking would be aware that it is a feel-good experience. That is enough to prove that the extra liquor might be hurting the body internally. Once the person turns sober again, vomiting stops automatically.
The duration is directly proportional to the alcohol intake too. This does not mainly depend on how much one drinks. Different beverages have different alcohol content per milliliter. That's what leads to the hangover and subsequent throwing up. This is also referred to as the strength of the drink.
For instance, Spirytus Stawski has 96% alcohol content which is the highest known quantity. On the other hand, unfortified wine has only 16% of alcohol. As drinking most often leads to dehydration, going for neat pegs is also associated with long strides of feeling pukish and ultimately leading to that forceful expulsion. Drinking on an empty stomach also increases the risk of throwing up for long.
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Apart from this, nauseous experiences might even include headaches, dizziness, and even passing out as a result. If one is unable to stop vomiting, administering antiemetics can be a reliable remedy. Lemonades are also effective, but the immediate relief is not scientifically proven yet.
Conclusion
Mostly, throwing up can be an after-effect of drinking but it is advisable to discontinue further intake of alcohol if this becomes a routine. On the other hand, people with liver abnormalities should take it as a warning sign. The aforementioned durations are apt as per the common experience of people.
As every individual is different, the duration might vary accordingly. Most importantly, getting a check-up done is never a bad idea. As prevention is better than cure, limited alcohol consumption can altogether reduce the puking duration considerably. Drinking is not that hazardous, but excessive drinking can even be fatal.
References
 1. _URL_
 2. _URL_
x
How Long After Protein Shake To Eat Meal


Question: How Often Should You Bathe A 4 Year Old?
Why don't they bathe babies right away?
Is it OK for child to sleep with parents?
What age should you stop bathing with child?
around five years"The general rule of thumb is by the time children reach school age, around five years old, they shouldn't be showering with you," says Dr. Richard Beyer, a licensed psychologist in Arcadia, California. "That's the conventional wisdom, the general cutoff line."
How often should a 5 year old shower?
The American Academy of Dermatology recommends bathing children age 6-11 once or twice a week or when: They get dirty from playing outside. They finish swimming in a pool, lake, or ocean. They get sweaty or are dealing with body odor.
Can you leave a 4 year old in the bath?
When should you start bathing your baby every day?
Can I give my 6 week old a bath every day?
Can I bathe my baby once a week?
Bathe Your Baby Every Day Dr. Sears says that parents should bathe their babies once or twice a week, at most. Bathing your baby too often can wash off the natural moisturizing layer of oil on his or her skin, leaving it cracked, dry and red with eczema.
Why you shouldn't kiss your child on the lips?
At what age should a child sleep in their own bed?
Do 4 year olds need a bath every day?
How often should a child take a bath?
Children ages 6 to 11: Guidelines for bathing If your child is in this age group, taking a daily bath is fine. Children in this age group, however, may not need a daily bath. Children aged 6 to 11 need a bath: At least once or twice a week.


How to uninstall Grammarly's desktop app
To uninstall Grammarly's desktop app from your computer, follow these steps:
 1. Click the Start button
 2. Go to Control Panel -> Programs and Features
 3. Right-click on Grammarly and select Uninstall
 1. Click on Finder
 2. Select Applications in the Finder sidebar
 3. Drag the Grammarly app from the Applications folder to the Trash (located at the end of the Dock)
Note: If you prefer to use Grammarly without installing an extension, you can take advantage of the Grammarly Editor
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text:
Houston hosted this year's annual conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Management of Data (SIGMOD). During the five-day event (June 10-15), several awards were presented to a select group of participants. One of the most coveted of these awards is the Best Demonstration Award, won this year by Professor Anastasia Ailamaki and her student Eleni Tzirita Zacharatou. Both are attached to EPFL's Data-Intensive Applications and Systems Laboratory. Prof. Ailamaki is Lab Director and Ms Zacharatou is pursuing her doctoral program in computer and communication sciences.
The demonstration proposals received by the organizers went through rigorous and highly competitive selection criteria, leaving only one winner at the end of a six-month process: the EPFL duo's presentation on "Interactive Visual Exploration of Spatio-Temporal Urban Data Sets using Urbane." It was selected for showcasing an exciting and novel data management technology, backed by the extraordinary research and development efforts of the presenters.
Elucidating their work in the paper, the researchers highlight the burgeoning number of datasets emerging in urban environments and from sensor applications associated with human interactions. That presents new opportunities for data-driven approaches to understand and improve cities. Visual analytics systems like Urbane help domain experts explore multiple datasets in different spatial and temporal resolutions. The main challenge in using systems like Urbane is to attain interactivity. Conventional approaches are not effective in supporting ad-hoc query constraints or polygons of arbitrary shapes. To tackle this constraint, the researchers propose the Raster Join approach, which converts a spatial aggregation query into a set of drawing operations on a canvas and leverages the rendering pipeline of the graphics hardware (GPU). In the process, Raster Join analyzes queries on the fly at interactive speeds on laptops and desktops. In their prize-winning demonstration, they integrated Raster Join with Urbane to enable interactivity.
The members of SIGMOD include software developers, academic and industrial researchers, practitioners, users, and students. Over the years, the SIGMOD/PODS conference has become one of the most significant and selective events in the domain of data-driven management systems and technologies.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
「もしも」の語り合いが開く子ども理解の可能性 : 複線径路・等至性モデル（TEM）を応用した園内研修の試み
Development of Understanding Children by Discussing the "ifs" : The trial of Early Childhood Education and Care Conference using Trajectory Equifinality Model (TEM)
Understanding children is important in the Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) practice. The ECEC conference is an opportunity for practitioners to deepen their understanding of children. This research focuses on the Trajectory Equifinality Model (TEM), which is the methodology of qualitative research as a tool promoting a practitioner's understanding of children in the ECEC conference. The features of the TEM are modeling the process of a research participant's experience and imagining and considering the possibilities ("ifs") of a different experience from just the facts. This research clarifies the meaning of these features of the TEM for the practitioner's understanding of children. The ECEC conference use of the TEM was tried, and the conversation of the practitioners there was analyzed. As a result, it was revealed that two developments of understanding children was brought to the practitioners by discussing the experience and the "ifs" of the target child. First, the practitioners can obtain a reasonable understanding of the cases and the children by comparing the facts and the "ifs." Second, the practitioners can discover a child's potential capabilities and demands by imagining the figure of a child's "ifs." Therefore, the ECEC conference using the TEM supports the practitioners catching a child's state and intentionality and planning a suitable assistance.
広島大学大学院教育学研究科紀要. 第三部, 教育人間科学関連領域


text:
Applications of Chemical Precipitation Methods for Improving Sensitivity in X-Ray Fluorescent Analysis
X-ray fluorescent analysis has limited application to the determination of traces in metals because of insufficient sensitivity when absorption by the matrix is significant. By applying chemical precipitation methods to concentrate the elements to be determined, orders of magnitude increase in sensitivity can be obtained. In addition to gaining sensitivity, absorption and enhancement effects become negligible since the precipitate is exposed to the X-ray beam as a thin film, producing a linear relationship between intensity and concentration. Because the elements to be determined are separated from the matrix, a single set of standards can often be used for the analysis of samples with varying composition. Application of chemical precipitation methods to the determination of parts-per-million concentrations of zirconium in cobalt, iron, and nickel alloys and to the determination of chlorides in high-purity titanium metal has been accomplished.
KeywordsLithium Fluoride Standard Statistical Procedure Zirconium Content Estimate Standard Deviation Chemical Precipitation Method
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source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
see if any earthworms emerge. Any adult earthworms that appear can be taken and preserved for identification.
Health & Safety
You should carry out your own risk assessment before doing fieldwork. We recommend the following precautions:
- Avoid doing fieldwork on your own, if you do ensure you tell someone exactly where you will be and when you expect to return.
- Always ask permission from the owner before entering land.
- Always tell a responsible adult where you are going and what time you expect to return.
- Check the weather forecast before doing fieldwork, and take appropriate clothing.
- Be aware of local hazards such as dangerous wildlife or hazardous terrain.
- Watch out for dangers such as sharp objects and broken glass in soil
- Take care to avoid hurting yourself and soil borne diseases by wearing gloves.
- Always take a mobile phone and a map of the area.
- Know who to contact in the event of an emergency and check where the nearest source of help is in case your mobile phone does not work.
Except where otherwise indicated, this work was created by Keiron Derek Brown on behalf of the Earthworm Society of Britain and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.


@Article{mcb.2004.001.161, AUTHOR = {Jun Wang, Wei Huang, Raghbir S. Bhullar, Pin Tong}, TITLE = {Modeling of Surface-Tension-Driven Flow of Blood in Capillary Tubes}, JOURNAL = {Molecular \& Cellular Biomechanics}, VOLUME = {1}, YEAR = {2004}, NUMBER = {2}, PAGES = {161--168}, URL = {_URL_ ISSN = {_PHONE_}, ABSTRACT = {Surface-tension-driven blood flow into a capillary tube, as in some medical devices, is studied. In a previous article, we considered the early stages of the entry flow from a drop of blood into a capillary, and solved the problem analytically under the assumption that the resistance of the air is negligible. In the present note we consider a capillary tube of finite length, with the far end containing a small window which opens to the atmosphere. The dynamic reverberation of the air in the capillary tube is analyzed in conjunction with the dynamics of the blood. Existing computing programs are used to solve the Navier-Stokes equations. The interface is characterized by the surface tension between the blood and the air, and the contact angle at the triple point where the air-blood interface meets the capillary tube wall. The results tell us how good our earlier simplified analysis is. The new numerical results show that the smaller the window, the larger is the effect of aerodynamic reverberation. However, even for a window as small as 4% of the capillary cross section, and located at the end of the capillary, the difference of the time of arrival of the interface at the window is less than 5%.}, DOI = {10.3970/mcb.2004.001.161} }


text:
How to Play Media with USB on Vizio TV?
If you have Vizio TV, except for streaming on the TV, you can also enjoy media on the USB. The USB Media Player allows you to connect a USB thumb drive to your TV and play music, video, or photos, and here is the guide.
Preparing Media on Your USB Drive to Play USB Media
To display USB media, you must first save your videos onto a USB thumb drive:
- The USB thumb drive must be formatted as FAT32.
- Files on the USB thumb drive must end in a supported file extension
( .mp3, .jpg, etc.)
- The player is not designed to play media from external hard drives, MP3 players, cameras, or smartphones.
Displaying USB Media
To display your USB media:
1. Connect your USB thumb drive to the USB port on the side of the TV.
2. The TV will recognize the USB stick. Use the Arrow Keys on the remote to select the content you'd like to play.
3. Select USB from the bottom streaming icons on the SmartCast Homepage.
Removing the USB Drive from the TV
To safely remove your USB drive from the TV:
1. Turn off the TV.
2. Disconnect your USB thumb drive from the USB port on the side of the TV.


text:
Signal Improvement Studies and Instrumentation Systems for Space Vehicles.
Final rept. 1 Apr 68-30 Sep 71,
NORTHEASTERN UNIV BOSTON MASS
Pagination or Media Count:
Contract effort can be grouped under programs concerned with telemetry system studies, rocket and balloon instrumentation systems, orbiting vehicles, field support for certain sounding rockets and balloons, and evaluation of commercial telemetry system components. The telemetry system studies are concerned with signal-to-noise improvement in frequency division multiplex systems and deal with subcarrier pre-emphasis tapers, computer analysis of FMFM spectrums and extension of system threshold. The orbital vehicle effort is concerned with the solar panels and a magnetic tape recorder for the Cannonball II satellite as well as the solar power analysis of an additional vehicle. The field support rendered in connection with the various programs is tabulated. Author
- Atmospheric Physics
- Electric Power Production and Distribution


text:
MATAGORDA PENINSULA. Matagorda Peninsula is a narrow strip of land separating the Gulf of Mexico from East Matagorda and Matagorda bays. It is located at 28°35' north, 96° 01' west. The peninsula is fifty-one miles long and is crossed at midpoint by the Colorado River. Brown Cedar Cut, at the northeast end of the peninsula, connects East Matagorda Bay with the Gulf. Cavallo Pass, at its south end, provides access to Matagorda Bay.
Early reference is made to the peninsula as Isla de Culebra, or Snake Island. Karankawa Indians probably inhabited the area in the summers and moved to the mainland for the winter. With cessation of the Indian threat, the peninsula opened for settlement. A small German colony of about twelve houses, midway between the Caney Creek connection and Decros Point, was destroyed in the storm of 1854, rebuilt, and destroyed again in 1875.
For many years the barrier-island peninsula played an important role in coastal defense. During the Civil War, Capt. E. S. (Ned) Rugeley lost twenty-two men in a blizzard during an attack on Yankee gunboats landing on Matagorda Peninsula. Battles on the peninsula occurred on December 29, 1863, and January 21–25, 1864.
Samuel A. Maverick moved to Decros Point on the peninsula in 1844 and received 400 cattle there the following year. Cattle drives by the Huebner family in 1919 began a tradition that continued for fifty-five years. In the early 1920s and 1930s, before the Colorado River filled in the area between Matagorda and Matagorda Peninsula, the peninsula was long and narrow and ran parallel to the mainland. Cattle made the almost two-week trip up the peninsula to Sargent. The area was known as the "Cherry" after the name of an early inhabitant. Later herds were brought directly through Matagorda, and hay was scattered on the bridge to keep animals from seeing the water. Drives helped local workers survive the Great Depression, and as late as 1975 500 to 600 cattle made spring and fall drives.
On July 30, 1941, the United States Army declared its eminent domain over the area and established a bombing and machine-gun range there. It returned the "Cherry" to the Huebner family on December 28, 1945. In 1990 Matagorda Peninsula was actually two islands with a ship channel separating them, and was largely uninhabited.
Douglas B. Comstock and Terry Lynn Galloway, Assessment of the Archeological and Historical Resources of the Area Around the Mouth of the Colorado River, Texas (Texas Archeological Survey, Research Report 19 [Austin: University of Texas, 1973]). Lorraine Bruce Jeter, Matagorda: Early History (Baltimore: Gateway, 1974). John Columbus Marr, History of Matagorda County (M.A. thesis, University of Texas, 1928). Junann J. Stieghorst, Bay City and Matagorda County (Austin: Pemberton Press, 1965). Rockette L. Woolridge, "Here Comes the Herd to Matagorda," Texas Historian, January 1975.
The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article.Art Leatherwood and Diana J. Kleiner, "MATAGORDA PENINSULA," Handbook of Texas Online (_URL_ accessed May 21, 2013. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Comparative phenology of Paropsisterna cloelia and Paropsis charybdis in Marlborough
Type of content
Executive Summary: Paropsine leaf beetles (referred to as paropsines) are the most damaging group of eucalypt foliar pests in Australian plantations and elsewhere where eucalypts are grown. Six eucalypt-feeding paropsine leaf beetles from Australia have established in New Zealand (NZ) to date. Paropsis charybdis has historically been the most damaging defoliator of eucalypt species throughout NZ and is currently regarded as the number one eucalypt pest. Paropsisterna cloelia was first detected in March 2016 in New Zealand, in Hawke's Bay. The current known range of Pst. cloelia in NZ spans the central North Island to the upper South Island, including the districts of Gisborne, Taupo, Hawke's Bay, Manawatu-Wanganui, Wellington, Marlborough, Nelson, and North Canterbury. The Australian distributions of P. charybdis and Pst. cloelia largely overlap and extend from subtropical Queensland to cool temperate Tasmania. This suggests a similar climate tolerance of the two species. Paropsis charybdis generally produces two generations per year in NZ, however, no systematic study of Pst. cloelia phenology (i.e., seasonal presence and abundance of life stages) has been completed. In Australia, Pst. cloelia produces two to five generations depending on climatic region.
This project aims to understand Pst. cloelia phenology in NZ. This contributes to our understanding of the potential risks posed by Pst. cloelia compared to P. charybdis. Moreover, knowledge of a pest species' phenology informs the development and implementation of more effective and efficient control methods, such as integrated pest management and biological control.
A total of 15 assessments were made at regular two-week intervals between September 2021 and March 2022 on Eucalyptus bosistoana at the NZDFI Dillon site in Marlborough. Immature life stages (egg batches and four larval stages) and adults beetles of Pst. cloelia and P. charybdis were counted. Defoliation and the production of new leaves was measure using the Crown Damage Index (CDI) and New Leaf Score (NLS), respectively. The southern distribution of Pst. cloelia along the eastern coast of the South Island was quantified in an ad hoc, opportunistic assessment.
Paropsisterna cloelia clearly dominated P. charybdis on E. bosistoana and accounted for 96% of all immature stages and 88% of all adult beetles counted throughout the sampling season. Both species produced two generations with simultaneous peaks of immature life stages in November and January for the first and second generation, respectively, and the start of a third generation with egg batches again being found in March. The total time that immature stages were discovered in the field differed between species: first Pst. cloelia egg batches were observed on 28 September and first P. charybdis batches on 26 October. At the end of the season, however, immature life stages of both species were still found on the last sampling date on 29 March. The second larval generation was smaller for both species with second-generation last-instar larvae being 35 and 4% of the first generation for Pst. cloelia and P. charybdis, respectively. Additionally, survival rate of last-instar larvae in the first generation was 46% and 88% for Pst. cloelia and P. charybdis, respectively, but only 20% for both species in the second generation. New Leaf Score declined severely from an average of 2 to 0.1 from beginning to end of the first larval generation (November/December), but showed the highest seasonal peak of 2.5 in the middle of the second larval generation (January/February). Hence, food limitation is an unlikely driver of the higher larval mortality. We tentatively attributed low larval survival in the second generation to an increase in predation. Since its first discovery in the South Island in Nelson/Marlborough in 2019, Pst. cloelia has spread by at least 120 km in a direct line southward to North Canterbury.
We conclude that it is likely that Pst. cloelia will establish throughout NZ where preferred eucalypts occur and will dominate or potentially even outcompete P. charybdis. Paropsisterna cloelia has the potential to become a damaging pest to its preferred eucalypt hosts, but it remains unknown whether its abundance and impact on the trees will exceed that previously observed by P. charybdis. The threat that Pst. cloelia may pose to eucalypt plantings in the warm northern regions will depend on a complex interaction between climate, the ability of trees to produce new leaves in response to herbivory, and the strength of top-down control by natural enemies on populations.


text:
in partnership withAnalog Devices Inc.
On the outside, New England–grown tomatoes look much like tomatoes grown anywhere else. But in terms of flavor, they're rarely anybody's first choice. In fact, New England tomatoes are more likely to end up in soup or as ketchup than sliced for sandwiches or drizzled with olive oil and served with basil and mozzarella.
Determined to find out why the region's tomatoes are comparatively tasteless, Analog Devices Inc. (ADI) started its Internet of Tomatoes project. This precision agriculture experiment uses technologies such as micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and sensors to figure out whether environmental monitoring could improve flavor.
The project stems from a 2014 MEMS & Sensors Industry Group conference in Scottsdale, Arizona. There, keynote speaker Francis Gouillart, president of the Experience Co-Creation Partnership, an education and consulting firm, challenged attendees to use technology to improve basic human needs: water, food, energy, health care, education, and freedom. ADI decided to tackle the food factor by examining two facets of tomatoes that could be remedied: temperature measurements and growing-degree days, a heat index used to predict when a crop will reach maturity.
The Hardware of Tomatoes
ADI launched its project in January 2015 with several local farm partners to test technology that could survive in the fields, connect to the cloud to send data gathered from sensors, and deliver information to farmers in real time. Among the initial challenges, the first farm on the project had no usable power or Internet access, which raised the issue of how to transfer data from environmental sensors in the field to the cloud. ADI examined different technologies, but it ultimately chose low-energy wireless Bluetooth sensors that connect to handheld devices hardy enough to survive New England's unpredictable and often harsh weather. "Choosing the right devices is critical because they have to survive out there. We have to consider the temperature range and the New England weather," says Rob O'Reilly, a senior technical advisor at ADI who's been involved with the project since it began.
ADI is currently working on a complete package: temperature sensor, cloud provider, and gateways—the sum of which will be a turnkey solution that farmers could use to grow tastier tomatoes. Meanwhile, it's still addressing battery life and condensation issues. "Every morning, everything is covered in dew," O'Reilly notes. "Keeping the sensors dry in the morning dew can be a challenge."
Leveraging "Growing-Degree Days"
Other analytics useful to farmers include growing-degree days. The average tomato's growing-degree day cycle is 1,300 days, but, of course, that measurement doesn't refer to actual days. Instead, it reflects a heat accumulation calculated using the average daily maximum and minimum temperatures in the farm's location and compared with a base temperature. This formula determines when tomatoes should be harvested, as well as the effectiveness of the integrated pest-management system. Add in the gestation cycle of beetles and other insects that feast on tomato crops, and farmers know not only how long the plants have been growing and maturing, but also when the pests can be expected—all thanks to the data.
Another component of harvesting, knowing exactly when to harvest, has usually been managed by feel rather than science. But the Internet of Tomatoes adds data-gathering sensors and analytics that help farmers determine the optimal time to pluck their ripe tomatoes from the vines.
The Chemistry of Tomatoes
ADI, along with its farm partners, is working toward developing a chemistry profile that helps identify what elements make the tomatoes juicy and delicious. "We're building a database around it to measure the quality of the tomato—not just individual items, but the taste profile," O'Reilly says.
These measurements have revealed that the chemistry of New England tomatoes differs from their tastier counterparts from other parts of the world. They don't have high fructose, glucose, or salt content—which is why when most people grab a New England–grown tomato, they also grab a salt shaker. "When you compare them to an Italian tomato, they're not even close," O'Reilly says, noting that from an aesthetic perspective, the New England tomatoes look like any other. But on the inside, the chemistry doesn't match up, according to ADI's analysis of thousands of tomatoes.
ADI is also seeking a non-invasive way to test tomatoes for their chemistry profiles without destroying the tomatoes. Currently, testers puree and pipette tomatoes into lenses to test for the different elements: fructose, sucrose, glucose, and salinity. ADI also measures the tomatoes' Brix during testing—that is, their carbohydrate and mineral levels.
In addition to a tomato's chemistry, its health is also critical. Lycopene is an antioxidant that affects not only the red color of the tomato, but also its quality. ADI's goal is to look at acids, sugars, nutrients, and other measurable markers with the same technology as that used for tomato testing to assess the health and overall nutritional value of the tomato. "We have a non-destructive optical approach in the works so we don't have to destroy the tomatoes we want to test," O'Reilly says. That approach is a "tomato tricorder"—think of a Star Trek–inspired device to scan the tomatoes, using nearfield infrared technology like what is used in night-vision goggles.
Going Beyond Tastier Tomatoes
Although a precision design kit with some components will be released soon, ADI's ultimate goal is to develop a kit for farmers to use, one that not only contains temperature and humidity sensors but also the components necessary to set up the system for data-gathering and tomato-scanning. Users will access the gateway and cloud via IOS or Android devices. Optical technology will measure the soil, leaf, and stem lengths and their stress levels.
Ultimately, the data collection will help create models to predict growth, bugs, and the all-important question of when to water. "Overwatering and humidity are the source of tomato crops being wiped out," O'Reilly notes. "Farmers can lose a lot of tomatoes due to white blight mold and bug infestation."
O'Reilly and his colleagues at ADI are also investigating other problems, including root stress and vapor pressure deficit (the difference between theoretical pressure and the actual pressure from humidity, which causes leaf stress). Mitigating those issues could lead to better-tasting tomatoes. Much of the data is being crowdsourced from the precision-design kit released last winter.
The potential economic impact to farmers is huge. "Getting the most from every crop is vitally important to them. A very large company can help without a huge amount of effort, and that's why we're doing this," O'Reilly says. "Ultimately, farmers focus on where their tomatoes sit on the quality scale so that when they sell their harvest, it's not going to the ketchup shelves"—but instead to higher-paying, more prestigious outlets such as supermarkets and restaurants.
In the long term, according to O'Reilly and his project colleagues, ADI's Internet of Tomatoes project isn't just about testing tomatoes. Instead, it's part of a larger Internet of Things (IoT) effort intended to open the door for other optical applications for more crops and even for non-agricultural products.
"We've built our own IoT Farm lab at our Wilmington, Massachusetts, campus to further explore additional smart agriculture–sensing opportunities," notes John Patrick O'Connor, an ADI senior systems application engineer. "Our ambition with smart agriculture is to provide ubiquitous sensing capabilities and easy-to-understand and factual data to growers worldwide," adds Michael Murray, ADI's general manager of industrial sensing. "This approach to crowdsourced, accurate, and economical data will help provide better outcomes for growers, higher-quality produce for consumers, and a socially sustainable business for ADI."
Analog Devices' technologies form the foundation of groundbreaking IoT solutions by sensing, measuring, and interpreting the world around us to bridge the physical and digital domains. For more information, please visit _URL_
Capitalizing on machine learning with collaborative, structured enterprise tooling teams
Machine learning advances require an evolution of processes, tooling, and operations.
The Download: how to fight pandemics, and a top scientist turned-advisor
Plus: Humane's Ai Pin has been unveiled
The race to destroy PFAS, the forever chemicals
Scientists are showing these damaging compounds can be beat.
How scientists are being squeezed to take sides in the conflict between Israel and Palestine
Tensions over the war are flaring on social media—with real-life ramifications.
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Drexel University College of Medicine Hahnemann University Hospital
Drexel University College of Medicine
Hahnemann University Hospital
Podiatric Medicine & Surgery Residency (PMSR)
Reconstructive Rearfoot & Ankle (RRA)
Goals: A rotation that allows the resident to directly observe and monitor a patient with chronic
pain under the supervision of a pain management specialist. Skills enhanced during this rotation
include understanding the definition of pain, how patients demonstrate pain, how to assess and
manage chronic pain, theory and application of peripheral nerve blocks, and understanding the
relationship between pain and function.
Competencies: The resident will be able to demonstrate the following competencies:
1. Demonstrate competency in obtaining thorough history from patients with a focus
on patients acute and chronic pain complaints
2. Demonstrate competency in the different etiologies of common pain syndromes
and identify these in an outpatient setting
3. Understand the indications and use of physical therapy, pharmacologic agents,
nerve blocks, psychosocial support in the treatment of pain
4. Understand and perform assessment in pain and function
5. Demonstrate the ability to write reasonable prescription for patients with acute
and chronic pain
6. Understand the pharmacology of opiates, non-narcotic analgesics, and
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents
7. Understand the side effects and complications of acute and chronic pain
management modalities


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Pulse Induction Metal Detector - The Best Detectors for Finding Gold!
The pulse Induction metal detector is the best metal detector for finding gold in the WA Gold fields because;
 - PI Detectors do not respond to the iron mineralization commonly found in the WA Goldfields e.g. magnetite.
 - This is strongly evident in magnetite hotrock conditions which will cause the VLF to overload but not impact on a PI. A nugget of gold next to a magnetite hotrock will be missed by a VLF detector but the positive gold response will be picked up by a PI detectors.
 - They have increased depth over VLF due to the increased power that can be generated to the coil which creates a stronger signal.
 - Pulse Induction metal detectors are designed specifically for the conditions found in the goldfields of Australia.
As outlined in the Compare metal detectors page, it can be seen that the PI is the best metal detector for finding native gold nuggets.
How do Pulse Induction Metal Detectors Work?
The Pulse Induction Metal Detector generates a brief high current pulse into the ground via the coil transmit wiring. When the current is flowing it generates a magnetic field that expands outwards from the coil.
When this magnetic field encounters a metallic object it changes the current flow.
When the current pulse is turned off the current flow generated by the object generates back to the coil creating the target sound.
The resulting signal (target sound) returned via the receive coil is amplified, sampled and analysed.
This cycle is repeated on an ongoing basis hundreds to thousands of times per second.
Why Can You Find Small Pieces of Iron Easily Yet Miss Small Gold?
It is important to note that the signal strength and duration of the signal varies from object to object. Iron produces a larger and longer signal than gold and that is why a similar sized piece of iron will produce a stronger signal than gold and be easier to detect!
So if you are wildly swinging your detector and finding small pieces of iron like staples and no gold, remember it may be the technique you are using that is preventing you detecting those small pieces of gold. It does not follow that just because you are finding small fragments of iron you will also always find the small gold!
Pulse Induction Metal Detectors Main Advantages
Mineralised Ground Handles mineralised ground better than a VLF. Heavily mineralised ground will overload the circuits of a VLF.
DepthGenerally greater depth particularly in mineralised areas.
Hot RocksHandles hot rocks and mineralisation better than VLF.
Small Nugget DetectionIn noisy mineralised areas the PI has an advantage over the VLF.
Monoloops Only Used on PI metal detectors.Monoloops are only used on PI detectors and they can be more sensitive to smaller gold.
For a further information about coils see Metal Detector Coils
PI Metal Detectors Designed to Find GoldIn general terms the PI Metal Detectors have been specifically designed and built to find native gold nuggets.
PricePrice of PI Machines are much higher than the VLF machines
Electrical Interference and EMIMore sensitive to Electrical and Electromagnetic interference.
Discrimination PI Machines do not reliably discriminate between different metals.
The most reliable discriminator is you, by digging the target!
A Signal can be Generated by some hotrocks In PI Detectors PI Machines will generate a response to the basalts and banded jaspers in WA
Some hotrocks will generate a weak target in the WA goldfields but the target dissapears if the coil is raised so deeper hotrocks do not generate a notieceable signal.
Earth Field Effect signal (EFE)This is the noise caused by voltage generated by the coil moving through the earths magnetic field.
Although there is an attempt to elimintate this in the design of the detector it is seldom eliminated.
This signal is particularly noticeable at the end of each swing of the metal detector.
Other sensitivity to noise PI Machines can create strong ground noises in some conditions such as:
- Where there is a clay base.
- Where there is a accumulation of buried ash from fires.
- Where there is concentrations of Maghemite (Ferromagnetic ferric oxide)
What Should You Base Your Purchase Decision On?
For example now the Minelab 5000 series has been released, Minelab 4500 machines are readily available second hand for about $Aud4500.
Minelab 4000 machines range down from these prices.
A new Minelab 5000 metal detector will set you back $Aud6700 - the technology of the Minelab 4000 and 4500 is excellent for finding gold in Western Australia, but at a much lesser cost.
Compare Metal Detectors
If you review this page and the VLF metal detector page it will help you make a more informed decision based on your needs and the criteria you want to use when selecting a metal detector and coil combination.
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Channel Embeds
Learn how to set Channel embed options and use the Channel API.
If you are looking to embed your channel and you don't have the functionality available, head to our plans page to find out more!
What is a Channel Embed?
At a high level, a Channel Embed is a snippet of code that lets you put a Wistia Channel on your website.
A Channel maps to a Project in the Wistia Video Marketing app. In wide layouts, each Section in a Project displays a horizontal row of its videos. In narrow layouts, each Section displays vertically.
The main view of a Channel — when a video is not showing — includes a name, description, Start Watching button, and a "hero" image or video in the background.
Clicking on a video's thumbnail will load that video in the "hero" area. When a video ends, the next video in the Channel will automatically start. As it approaches the end, an "Up Next" preview of the next video will appear in the lower right.
Channel Embed Types
There are a few different settings that impact how your channel loads and displays.
Inline
Use an Inline Channel when you want your channel to show within the flow of your website.
Responsive Inline
A Responsive Inline Channel will horizontally fill the width of its parent element and grow vertically based on the content of the channel.
This is the preferred inline mode.
Fixed Size Inline
A Fixed Size Inline Channel will not grow vertically and has a fixed width. This will make it so that the channel scrolls independently of your website.
Popover
Use a Popover Channel when you want the viewer to click a "card" which launches your channel so that it covers the full window.
Fixed Size Popover
A Fixed Size Popover Channel has a card with a specific width and height that do not change. These are just CSS values; you may change the width and height to work with the CSS of your site.
Responsive Popover
A Responsive Popover Channel has a card that will match its width to its immediate parent element, and modify its height to maintain the aspect ratio defined by the Fixed Size values in the Channel Editor.
If you care about your popover card maintaining a specific aspect ratio, use this type.
Structure of a Channel Embed Code
A channel embed code is structured similarly to a video's standard embed code. In its most basic form, it looks like this:

Let's break that down.
The first line is our script, channel.js, which contains the code needed for the initial render of your channel.
The second line is called the "container." It is the DOM element where we will initialize the channel. The "wistia_channel" class identifies this DOM element as a channel. The "wistia_async_65su5wva44" class says "target the project with ID 65su5wva44 for our channel."
Like video embeds, the embedOptionName=value syntax is supported in the class attribute. For the example above, mode=inline is set, which means we will render the channel content directly into its container.
The different types of channels all keep this basic form, modifying the embed options, style attribute, or adding responsive wrapper elements.
Setting complex options
Sometimes embed options can't be passed as simple values. Channels support a syntax similar to video embeds to pass complex options.
window._wcq = window._wcq || [];
window._wcq.push({
 id: "a-string-that-matches-your-channel",
 options: {
 aFunctionForExample: function () {
 doAThing();
 },
 }
});
Routing
When you interact with a Channel Embed, it will change routing information in the URL bar. This makes it so that you can send links to specific videos. It also lets us inject SEO metadata for each video, to be indexed by advanced search engines like Google. You can configure your channel to use a different routing strategy if you like. We use query parameter routing by default because it is highly compatible and also indexable by search engines with no work on your part.
Changing page routing without integrating your site's routing logic can potentially cause issues. Therefore, we support passing a history object as an embed option. We plan to provide built-in adapters for the most common client-side routers.
Channel Embed Options
A channel's embed options can be set using the embedOptionName=value syntax in the container's class attribute, or by using the window._wcq object.
You can see how this syntax is used in the Embed Option documentation for the Player. Please note that channels only support embed options listed on this page. They do not support the same options as the player.
backgroundColor
Set backgroundColor=fffff to change the background color of the embed to white. Defaults to 000000 (black). This option is best used in conjunction with the foregroundColor option.
color
Set color=ff0000 to change the highlight color to the hex value for pure red. Please note that this value should not be preceded by a #, which is commonly used for CSS color values.
The default value is 54bbff.
contentOffsetTop
Set contentOffsetTop=100 to move the text and video content in a Channel down by 100 pixels.
If you have a fixed position header that appears over your channel, this may be necessary to ensure the header does not block channel and player controls. In that case, you will likely want to pair this with the pageFixedHeaderHeight option, e.g. contentOffsetTop=100 pageFixedHeaderHeight=100.
The default value is 0.
customFont
Set customFont=Walsheim to change the heading font to Walsheim. If Walsheim exists as a CSS font-family on the page, it will be used. If it is not available, the channel embed will fall back to displaying the googleFont.
Note that font names with spaces must be percent-encoded if they are included as embed options via the class attribute, e.g. customFont=Slabo%2013px. You can use our percent encoding tool to help with that, if necessary.
If you are setting this font to match your brand and expect to have multiple channels, you can paste a snippet like this in the  of your site:

description
Set description=My%20channel%20has%20a%0Amulti-line%20description to change your Channel's description to:
My channel has a
multi-line description
Remember that spaces in embed option values must be percent encoded, which you can get using encodeURIComponent("my description") or by using our percent encoding tool.
foregroundColor
Set foregroundColor=000000 to change the foreground color of the embed (for things like text and icons) to black. Defaults to ffffff (white). This option is best used in conjunction with the backgroundColor option.
googleFont
Set googleFont=Roboto to change the heading font to Roboto. The font name should exactly match the name of the font as it appears in a Google Font's URL. For example, for Open Sans (_URL_ you'd use googleFont=Open+Sans.
Note that non-heading sections, like the names of videos in section, cannot be changed currently.
The default value is Roboto.
headerFontSizeMultiplier
Set headerFontSizeMultiplier=1.2 to increase the size of heading fonts by 20% its default. You can use this if your base font is naturally small, or if you want an extra large effect.
The default value is 1.
history
The history option lets you integrate your site's routing mechanism with Wistia Channels. Because it defines functions, it can only be passed using _wcq.
window._wcq = window._wcq || [];
window._wcq.push({
 id: "_all",
 options: {
 history: {
 back: function () { ... },
 pushState: function () { ... },
 replaceState: function () { ... },
 state: {
 pointer: 0,
 }
 }
 }
});
When you pass a history object, we will use this object instead of the window.history object to manipulate the page's state. This gives you an opportunity to ensure any history operations work with your client-side routing.
mode
A channel can have two major modes: inline and popover. Set mode=inline to initialize the Channel content directly in the container. Set mode=popover to initialize a Channel "preview card" in container, which launches the full channel view on click.
The default value is popover.
noDescription
By default, a Channel has a description that appears


Mule 4 connectors debug logging
4
Mar
mule 4 connectors debug logging
How to Enable Logging for the different connectors in Mule 4 applications in anypoint studio and cloudhub The following configuration is used to enable verbose logging for debugging purpose. Some important points to note when enabling verbose logging The application performance is impacted when enabling verbose logging as it has to log each and every thing associated with the particular connector enabled for logging. Debug/verbose logging should be done only temporarily and only for the duration of troubleshooting.
Concurrency vs Multi threading vs Asynchronous Processing Explained
13
Feb
Concurrency vs Multi-threading vs Asynchronous Processing
Simple explanation on Concurrency vs Multi-threading vs Asynchronous Processing There is a common misconception on Multi-threaded, Asynchronous and concurrent processing. Some even think that they are same as their definitions overlap, and they are often used interchangeably. First we need to understand the terms threads, synchronous, Asynchronous, concurrency and multi-threading to understand the concepts. Threads: Without going in depth details on what a thread is lets consider a thread as a worker to do a tasks
REST API Versioning
9
Feb
Rest API versioning
Change is inevitable and this is no different with APIs. If APIs are successful, they evolve over time. New requirements may drive you to make changes to your APIs. Advancements in technology are also a contributor to changes to APIs. Handling these changes in a way to minimize the impact on the clients is the art of versioning. Versioning is the process of assigning unique version numbers to identify the current changes associated with the product/software.
REST API best practices
7
Feb
Rest API best practices
Designing and building a REST API takes time, takes effort and most importantly takes the right skill. REST APIs should be easy to understand, well documented and follow standards so that integration is straightforward. This can be achieved only if we follow the best practices when designing a RESTful API. Lets look into the REST API best practices to design and build great APIs which are robust and reliable. APIs are a generic concept that can be explained in many ways.
Octobercms
11
Nov
Detailed review on OctoberCMS
October is a free, open-source, self-hosted CMS platform based on the Laravel PHP Framework where it claims that clients don't build websites, developers do. This is true! for anything much bigger than a personal blog, the end user of a CMS is rarely a developer and most often clients hire someone to build their website. October platform is build based on this concept, and focused on being a developer-first platform with an assumption that developers have basic knowledge in HTML, CSS and PHP. It is a mix of file based and database driven CMS.


text:
Dr. Zuchov has placed all the exam scores on the board from the lowest to highest. There are 31 scores. Jimmy had an 85 on the exam. There were as many scores below Jimmy's score of 85 as there were above it. In view of this, what significance does the score of 85 have in this set of data?
A.)The score of 85 is the mean score.
B.)The score of 85 is the standard deviation.
C.)The score of 85 is the median.
D.)The score of 85 is the mode.


text:
4th StarTree General Assembly Meeting Report
More than 50 participants attended 4th StarTree General Assembly (GA) meeting. The three‐day meeting was held in the historic Stift Neuberg in the village of Neuberg an der Mürz. Neuberg is placed in the heart of the Styrian Case Study region in the South-Eastern part of Austria, which enabled close and fruitful interaction with regional stakeholders in the project.
The first day of the meeting consisted of work package (WP) parallel sessions and a session regarding the status of State of the Sector Report, in which preliminary results by WP leaders were presented. Furthermore, a session on in-depth case studies and action research was held, where general instruction was given and parallel group discussions were held.
In the evening, participants enjoyed a traditional dinner at Anni Holzers Inn with local music.
The field visit on Day 2 included a session on "Cooking from the Meadow" with Renate Dobrovolny, a local expert on herbs, where participants were encouraged to pick wild flowers and herbs to make a smoothie and a herb salt mix. Styria Nature Parks facilitates such events and activities to promote interaction with nature and environmental education, an alternative "product" to come out of the forests there.
Additionally, StarTree participants visited an organic Christmas tree plantation, run by family farm Reisinger. Christmas tree production is an important aspect of the forest economy in a region which is, nevertheless, dominated by the timber industry. Read more here.
The "Market Place" and Knowledge Exchange Event has become one of the cornerstones of the StarTree General Assembly meeting. The "Market Place" facilitates the exchange of knowledge and experiences between science and practice. Strong collaboration with members of the Styrian Regional Stakeholder Group and the Austrian GA organising committee facilitated a truly excellent Market Place in Styria. Furthermore, the event was not simply a presentation of the varied local products to come out of Styrian forests but rather also to provide the opportunity for mutually beneficial dialogue and discussion between the regional representatives and the project consortium partners.
At the end of this second day a special Styrian dinner with products from the region, including Non Wood Forest Products, was organised at the Gasthof Hubert Holzer, whose environment and hosts perfectly reflect the spirit of the region.
On the whole, significant progress was made on all work packages over the course of the meeting, which are now moving from the initial data collection phase into in‐depth case studies and data analysis. Some preliminary results were shared which will soon be available for further dissemination.
(Photographer for all pictures: Ivana Zivojinovic, EFICEEC)


text:
The Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit is an internationally renowned institution focused on the delivery of field-changing mechanistic insights into toxicology and disease. This studentship will join the Unit's new Systems Biology group, led by Dr Kiran Patil.
Pollutants such as pesticides often find their way into agricultural products posing a health risk. Exposure to these toxic compounds is harmful not only to the human cells but also to the commensal microbiota. While the effect on the microbiota could increase the risk of, for example, metabolic diseases, certain bacteria might aid in detoxification of these compounds through their metabolization. This PhD project will investigate the potential of prevalent gut bacteria to detoxify commonly found environmental pollutants and discover underlying biochemical mechanisms. The candidate will thereby combine a variety of experimental methods in microbiology, biochemistry and genetics. The project also provides an excellent opportunity to learn state-of-the-art data analysis methods through working closely with the computational members of the team.
The research will be conducted within the MRC Toxicology Unit which is a core-funded institute within the School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge. This leading international research Unit provides state of the art research facilities, with excellent opportunities for collaborative interaction within a vibrant community at the University of Cambridge. The Unit will move into the newly refurbished Gleeson Building, Cambridge, in Autumn 2020.
There are a variety of training modules and courses which students are encouraged to attend. In addition, students follow the Toxicology Unit's weekly external and internal seminar programs and are included in the postdoc/student forums which take place each month and offer excellent opportunities for collaboration and career development.
Students will be registered with the University of Cambridge for the duration of the studentship. Successful applicants will enjoy membership of a University of Cambridge College from commencement of their PhD in October 2020.
It is recommended that you contact the supervisor prior to making your formal application:
Dr. Kiran R. Patil: [email protected]
Further information regarding the Patil lab can be found here: _URL_
This advert will remain open until 31st May 2020 or until a suitable candidate is found. Please check the Toxicology Unit website for updates: _URL_
Applications will need to be made through the University Application Portal and will entail an application fee of £65. _URL_
Please enter the project title in the 'Proposed title of Research' textbox.
Your online application needs to include:
- A CV, including full details of all University course grades to date.
- Contact details for two academic or professional referees.
- A personal statement outlining your interest in a specific project area, what you hope to achieve from a PhD, and your research experience to date.
This studentship is for four years commencing October 2020 with an annual stipend of £15,009 (tax free).
Candidates must expect to obtain qualifications at the level of a first-class or 2.1 Honours Degree in a related discipline. In addition to an excellent academic record we are looking for those with hands-on experience in at least one of the following areas: microbiology, bacterial genetics, mass-spectrometry. Enthusiasm to work in an interdisciplinary project and willing to collaborate closely with the other members of the team is essential.
Full funding is available to UK and EU applicants only.


text:
What is interesting is some will find MIL easier to do in their head than MOA and vise versa. Hence the reason I stated what I did. Find the system you like best, make sure the math is doable for you and then go with it. The reality is though that the math on either system is plenty doable with a little practice.
There are 2 formulas for ranging that are both pretty simple and very similar.
MOAtarget size in inches / MOA reading x 100 = distance to target in yards
MILtarget size in inches x 27.8 / MIL reading= distance to target in yards.
One can also use target size in yards x 1000 / MIL reading = distance in yards
No trig needed!
I still think guys get too wrapped up in the math of it all. Unless you are ranging you shouldn't be using any math at all, just measure with the reticle and make the appropriate adjustments. If ranging is needed then there are simple basic math formulas that will get the job done.
This is so true. Both methods are terribly easy and will accomplish the same thing if you are actually using the reticle for ranging. The problem with ranging with the reticle is that often times you don't know the exact size of your target. You have approximations of size, for instance a mule deer might average 19" from brisket to back bone. What if he is actually 22"? Either way, you should be able to go into a hunt with the first half of the equation answered already. All you have to do is divide by the measurement of either MOA or mil from your scope.
let's do a quick exercise both ways with a deer 19" brisket to backbone deer.
Let's say you measure his size at 4 MOA in your scope
MOA: 19 inches x 95.5 / 4 MOA = 454 yards away
You can also multiply the inches by 100, but 95.5 is the more accurate measure since MOA is not a direct converison to inch.
For mil you measure a 19" buck to be 2 mils. (19" converted to yards is.53 yards.)
Mil =.53 yards x 1000 / 2 mils = 265 yards away
These are extremely simple calculations and both will work if you're in a pinch without a rangefinder.
Wouldn't that technically be IPHY while MOA is x" / MOA * 95.466 y/"?
You are correct, but it's still darn easy. If you actually plan to measure with your scope you should be able to go into a hunt with the first half of the calculation done because, no matter what, you are dealing with approximations of animal size.
I know they are exactly the same as MRAD. The whole 10 based system is why people relate MRAD as metric system which it isn't. It suits metric perfectly but isn't a SI standard unit.
You are correct, MIL and MOA are both angular measurements not imperial or metric. Hence, the reason I point out that guys get too caught up in the math of it all. As I have stated many times, guys really shouldn't use math at all for most of the reasons that a reticle will be used. That is except for ranging where then a formula is necessary.
The problem is though, that trainers, manufacturers, and advertisers all relate MOA to imperial and MIL to metric because the numbers are very close and work if one is to do the math. Plus everyone is trying to find a marketing advantage. And MOA makes more sense to consumers in the US which is why I think it has been more widely popular here. The opposite is true in Europe. In reality the reasons we choose MOA or MIL likely don't matter much and the real differences or advantages of one over another are ignored.
For those of us who use metric as a base, easy measurements are either 1m (upper torso of a man, height of the average whitetail etc) or 30cm which is almost equal to 12" and approximate the size of a human head for example. If you can find targets that size on your game, mils becomes a VERY easy calculation.
For you example, your 19" estimate is very close to 50cm, an easy mil calculation again.
0.5m * 1000 / 2 = 250m
Even if you went with straight inch to m conversion, calculating distance is still easy:
0.4826m * 1000 / 2 = 241.3m ( = 263.888 yd)
There is always going to be error margin on both methods. First is the estimation of target size but with inches and yards you also have a error margin coming from the conversion. 19/36 = 0.53 is a rounded number from 0.52777...... Then add the error margin from the estimation of the mils on the reticle...so all I can say is practice, whatever system you use!
I think we're on the same page here and I don't disagree with you a bit. My point here is that even by using the most accurate figures in calculation, you are still approximating the size of the animal. 50 cm or 19 inches isn't going to make a great deal of difference. But if you go in thinking the approximate size of a mule deer buck is 19" and the buck you have in your scope is actually 22" then the range is going to be off significantly.
It's best to reserve reticle measurements for pinch situations when the rangefinder isn't working or not available.


I have no background in chemistry.
But, I have a good background in mathematics and computer programming.
I have planned to simulate the collision of two simple molecules $\ce{Br2}$ and $\ce{H2}$ just for fun and using state space and Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) to simulate.
I have considered 24 states for simulations of their collision. The state vector is X, and the state space representation is:
Atom numbering
1: Br
2: Br
3: H
4: H
The 24 states for vector X are:
x1, x2, x3: position of atom 1 in x, y, z axis
x4, x5, x6: position of atom 2 in x, y, z axis
x7, x8, x9: position of atom 3 in x, y, z axis
x10,x11,x12: position of atom 4 in x, y, z axis
x13,x14,x15: velocity of atom 1 in x, y, z axis
x16,x17,x18: velocity of atom 2 in x, y, z axis
x19,x20,x21: velocity of atom 3 in x, y, z axis
x22,x23,x24: velocity of atom 4 in x, y, z axis
To make a simulation, I need to know two things:
 1. Are the mentioned states enough to describe the entire system? Are there more states to be added?
 2. What are the forces applied to each atom at each moment?
$\frac{d x_1}{d t}=x4$ (derivative of position is velocity)
$\frac{d x_4}{d t}=\frac1{m_{Br}}(???????)$ (derivative of velocity is acceleration)
There are two types of molecular simulation (in a broad sense), namely
1) Monte Carlo simulation
2) Molecular dynamics simulation
And they can be mixed together to give rise to new algorithm. According to your problem statement I am assuming you are trying to use molecular dynamics simulation. There are lots of things you should consider for your simulation system. According to your problem statement your atoms have position and velocity, but the problem is when they will collide each other they will loose energy and will come to a halt after few time steps. Either you can use thermostat to keep the temperature constant (Anderson thermostat and Nose-Hoover thermostat), or you can use constant pressure molecular dynamics simulation. For a beginner I would like Anderson thermostat as this is very simple technique. Then you have to use Newton's second law to determine the force and velocity on each atoms. After that you can use numerical integration technique to find new position based on F=ma formulation. Now you will repeat this task to get the trajectory of individual atoms.
If you want to find the diffusion coefficient of atoms, you can use lattice gas models or Ising models based on random Monte Carlo movement. I wrote a python code for finding diffusion coefficient. Also you can use Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method to determice the stochastic evolution of the system.
For your better understanding I would suggest to use Understanding Molecular Simulation by Daan Frenkel & Berend Smit
 - $\begingroup$ Thanks a lot. Is Monte Carlo used on atoms? I mean for 4 atoms is Monte Carlo necessary too? My aim is not to simulate a mass of atoms despite I know that is the applicable approach. In addition, are orbitals or their interactions considered? And is there any sample code in this field to give me some intuition? $\endgroup$ – ar2015 Jan 19 '16 at 22:36
 - $\begingroup$ Please see the attached URL for example code: cchem.berkeley.edu/chem195/files.html _URL_ $\endgroup$ – Osman Mamun Jan 20 '16 at 2:20
 - $\begingroup$ Usually ab Initio calculations are carried out separately. Because doing molecular simulation with on the fly ab Initio techniques is not worth the time and effort. However Monte Carlo or molecular dynamics techniques are being used to explore the potential energy surface but that's different story. $\endgroup$ – Osman Mamun Jan 20 '16 at 2:23
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text:
Drake, Paul. What Did They Mean By That?: A Dictionary Of Historical And Genealogical Terms Old And New. Westminister, Md. : Heritage Books, 2008, c2000. Call no. PE1667.D73 2008.
As we dig through old probate, land, court and other documents, genealogists often come upon terms that are unfamiliar. Other terms may be familiar but their meaning has changed over time. What Did They Mean By That? is a must-have for serious genealogists.
The front of the book contains a helpful list of abbreviations such as:
10br = December
orpns = orphans
p:cells = parcels, usually of land
The balance of the book is set up dictionary style, with a few illustrations sprinkled throughout. Definitions are concise and easy to understand. Each entry also includes a sentence further demonstrating use of the term. Here are some seasonal examples:
kersey: a heavy wool or wool and cotton fabric used for outer coats e.g., "She needed 4 ells (q.v.) of kersey to make winter coats for the children."
plumcake: a sweet cake made with raisins, e.g., "the term 'raisins' meant the same in the early days as it does today, and plumcakes were not made with plums."
snow roller: a horse-drawn vehicle having a huge roller instead of front wheels, used to flatten the snow on streets so as to facilitate the use of sleighs and cutters, e.g., "The purchase of a snow roller by the little town was a boon to those who had to move about during the winter."
For more historical terms, also try:
Drake, Paul. More What Did They Mean by That?: A Dictionary of Historical and Genealogical Terms : Old and New. Westminster, Md: Heritage Books, 2006.


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Men who do housework get less sex
Kimberly Gillan
Thursday, January 31, 2013
Couples who stick to the "traditional" household chores for men and women enjoy more sex, according to a controversial new study.
Despite the modern man being encouraged to cook and clean and women taking to DIY, the study suggests that the role reversal could actually impact on sex life.
In the study, published in the February journal American Sociological Review, couples who followed traditional gender roles — like wives doing the cooking and cleaning while men stick to yard work and paying bills — reported greater sexual frequency.
"It seems that the gender identities husbands and wives express through the chores they do also help structure sexual behaviour," said co-author Julie Brines, associate professor of sociology at the University of Washington.
The researchers studied 4500 married couples who were surveyed between 1992 and 1994 –– the latest US data available about sexual frequency in married couples.
Wives who did more "female" tasks reported having sex 1.6 times more than couples where the husband did most of the cooking, washing and cleaning.
The researchers said their findings weren't related to husbands being sexually coercive, as the wives reported similar sex satisfaction, regardless of how much house work they did.
"Marriage today isn't what it was 30 or 40 years ago, but there are some things that remain important," Brines said. "Sex and housework are still key aspects of sharing a life, and both are related to marital satisfaction and how spouses express their gender identity."
Dr Lauren Rosewarne, a sex researcher from the University of Melbourne, told ninemsn we needn't revert to 1950s gender roles.
"I am somewhat skeptical of the study because they just looked at one factor that may contribute to why couples have or don't have sex, but in individual couples there is a number of reasons why they are having as much sex or as little sex as they are," she said.
"We don't know everything about these couples' sex lives, we just know data as related to amount of domestic work. Linking that directly to the amount of sex had, that makes me nervous."
Past studies have found the opposite –– that men who assist with household chores are more likely to be rewarded sexually by their wives.
"The idea of a man helping around the house and this idea of being an equal relationship and potentially less exploited … may make women want to have sex," Dr Rosewarne said.
Infrequent sex between couples has also been related to fatigue, so Rosewarne said it's possible the women studied did not have demanding careers.
"If you have time for housework you potentially don't have an incredibly demanding employed job," she said.
"When you look at studies of couples who don't have sex or have sex less, one of the reasons is often that they are tired. So potentially if you are not in a very demanding job, you may have more time freed up and more emotional resources."
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text:
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.
- noun A natural
celestialobject, visible in the sky, such as a star, planet, natural satellite, asteroid, comet, the Moonor the Sun. Objects flying or moving in the atmosphere are not usually considered as heavenly bodies.
- noun astronomical object
from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
- noun natural objects visible in the sky
Sorry, no etymologies found.
Sorry, no example sentences found.


which point the account is disabled.
The new ADServiceAccount object will always either be disabled or have a user-requested or randomly-generated password. There is no way to create an enabled service account account object with a password that violates domain password policy, such as an empty password.
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false
-AuthenticationPolicy<ADAuthenticationPolicy>
Specifies an Active Directory-Domänendienste authentication policy object. Specify the authentication policy object in one of the following formats:
-- Distinguished name
-- GUID
-- Name
This parameter can also get this object through the pipeline or you can set this parameter to an object instance.
The cmdlet searches the default naming context or partition to find the object. If the cmdlet finds two or more objects, the cmdlet returns a non-terminating error.
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-AuthenticationPolicySilo<ADAuthenticationPolicySilo>
Specifies an Active Directory-Domänendienste authentication policy silo object. Specify the authentication policy silo object in one of the following formats:
-- Distinguished name
-- GUID
-- Name
This parameter can also get this object through the pipeline or you can set this parameter to an object instance.
The cmdlet searches the default naming context or partition to find the object. If the cmdlet finds two or more objects, the cmdlet returns a non-terminating error.
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-AuthType<ADAuthType>
Specifies the authentication method to use. Die folgenden Werte für diesen Parameter sind zulässig:
-- Negotiate or 0
-- Basic or 1
The default authentication method is Negotiate.
A Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) connection is required for the Basic authentication method.
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-Certificates<String[]>
Specifies an array of certificates. The cmdlet modifies the DER-encoded X.509v3 certificates of the account. These certificates include the public key certificates issued to this account by the Microsoft Certificate Service. This parameter sets the Certificates property of the account object. The LDAP Display Name (ldapDisplayName) for this property is userCertificate.
To add values:
-Certificates @{Add=value1,value2,...}
To remove values:
-Certificates @{Remove=value3,value4,...}
To replace values:
-Certificates @{Replace=value1,value2,...}
To clear all values:
-Certificates $Null
You can specify more than one operation by using a list separated by semicolons. For example, use the following syntax to add and remove Certificate values:
-Certificates @{Add=value1,value2,...};@{Remove=value3,value4,...}
The operators are applied in the following sequence:
-- Remove
-- Add
-- Replace
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-CompoundIdentitySupported<Boolean>
Indicates whether an account supports Kerberos service tickets which includes the authorization data for the user's device. This value sets the compound identity supported flag of the Active Directory msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes attribute. Die folgenden Werte für diesen Parameter sind zulässig:
-- $False or 0
-- $True or 1
Warning: Domain-joined Windows systems and services such as clustering manage their own msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes attribute. Therefore any changes to the flag on the msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes attribute will be overwritten by the service or system which manages the setting.
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-Credential<PSCredential>
Specifies the service account credentials to use to perform this task. The default credentials are the credentials of the currently logged on user unless the cmdlet is run from an Active Directory PowerShell provider drive. If the cmdlet is run from such a provider drive, the account associated with the drive is the default.
To specify this parameter, you can type an administrative account name, such as Admin1 or Contoso\Admin1 or you can specify a PSCredential object. If you specify a service account name for this parameter, the cmdlet prompts for a password.
You can also create a PSCredential object by using a script or by using the Get-Credential cmdlet. You can then use it to specify the Credential parameter to the ADServiceAccount object.
If the acting credentials do not have directory-level permission to perform the task, Active Directory PowerShell returns a terminating error.
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-DNSHostName<String>
Specifies the Domain Name System (DNS) host name.
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-Description<String>
Specifies a description of the object. This parameter sets the value of the Description property for the object. The LDAP Display Name (ldapDisplayName) for this property is description.
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-DisplayName<String>
Specifies the display name of the object. This parameter sets the DisplayName property of the object. The LDAP Display Name (ldapDisplayName) for this property is displayName.
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false
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named
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false
-Enabled<Boolean>
Indicates whether an account is enabled. An enabled account requires a password. This parameter sets the Enabled property for an account object. This parameter also sets the ADS_UF_ACCOUNTDISABLE flag of the Active Directory UAC attribute.
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-HomePage<String>
Specifies the URL of the home page of the object. This parameter sets the homePage property of an Active Directory object. The LDAP Display Name (ldapDisplayName) for this property is wWWHomePage.
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-Instance<ADServiceAccount>
Specifies an instance of a service account object to use as a template for a new service account object.
You can use an instance of an existing service account object as a template or you can construct a new service account object for template use. You can construct a new service account using the Windows PowerShell command line or by using a script.
Note: Specified attributes are not validated, so attempting to set attributes that do not exist or cannot be set raises an error.
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-KerberosEncryptionType<ADKerberosEncryptionType>
Indicates whether an account supports Kerberos encryption types which are used during creation of service tickets. This value sets the encryption types supported flags of the Active Directory msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes attribute. Die folgenden Werte für diesen Parameter sind zulässig:
-- None
-- DES
-- RC4
-- AES128
-- AES256
None will


One Common Trench or Two Opposite Sides?
From Wikisource
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The Arab Socialist Baath Party regards all Arabs as being part of one nation both in the cultural and spiritual sense. The different countries, in which they live, make up a politically and economically united fatherland. In the Party's documents, 'the Arab fatherland' means all the Arab countries. Each of these is a 'qotr', which, literally translated, means country; in the Baath context, it should be read as province or region. The adjective 'Qotri' (provincial, regional) is used when referring to an individual country. The adjective 'qawmi' (national), on the other hand, is used when referring to all the countries, which together make up the one fatherland. Thus, the National Leadership deals only with matters concerning the whole fatherland. Each Regional Leadership deals with matters within its own country.
As for example, the Lebanese or Jordanian Regional Leadership etc.
The word Baath can be translated as meaning revival, resurgence or renewal. Hitherto, resurgence seems to be the meaning, which is preferred by Arab intellectuals and foreign Arab experts.
Nuvola apps important.svg
This work may still be copyrighted in countries and areas.


text:
Here's what's cooking: Celebrity chef Jamie Oliver helps launch cooking class program at Stanford
The program is designed to teach students hands-on cooking skills and educate them about building healthy eating habits.
Jamie Oliver talks about the importance of food education.
Celebrity chef and food activist Jamie Oliver donned a white chef's jacket and joined a group of Stanford students in a cooking class in the teaching kitchen of the Arrillaga Family Dining Commons on Thursday for a lesson in making risotto.
A natural teacher, Oliver advised the students on how to adapt the risotto cooking process to fit one's schedule and how to vary the recipe for seasons: "What's quite nice is in the summer, make a plain white risotto, pan fry some mushrooms to put on top; very light," he told the students, adding that in winter a richer version is "more comfy."
The message behind all of Oliver's advice: Start with nutritious ingredients and savor the cooking experience. It's a message he's been passionate about since his former cooking show The Naked Chef debuted on the Food Network in the 1990s. Since then his cooking shows have been broadcast in more than 100 countries and he has sold more than 36 million cookbooks worldwide.
Oliver's campaign to instill in youth a lifelong love for fresh food and healthy eating habits is a passion shared by Eric Montell, executive director of Residential & Dining Enterprises Stanford Dining, who hosted Oliver's visit to Stanford. The visit was designed, in part, to launch Stanford Dining's Teaching Kitchen @ Stanford cooking class program for Stanford students, which is being created with the support of the Jamie Oliver Food Foundation.
The program, which is expected to launch within the next few months, is designed to teach students hands-on cooking skills, learning from certified teaching chefs using Oliver's recipes and teaching style. "We fundamentally believe in educating students about building healthy eating habits through the use of healthy cooking techniques and sustainable ingredients," Montell said.
For the Jamie Oliver Food Foundation, the program at Stanford is the next step in its effort to educate students of all ages about cooking and eating well. The foundation offers extensive teaching materials for K-12 classes and was instrumental in helping pass a law in Britain that requires secondary schools to teach all students basic cooking skills. But the Stanford program will be the foundation's first foray into working at the university level.
Oliver hopes the classes will help students incorporate healthy cooking and eating habits well into the future. The challenge is to inspire students to incorporate and sustain good eating habits in their busy lives, he said: "We want them to stay passionate about food while they're doing other stuff."
In noting Stanford's long history of developing leaders in many fields, Oliver said it's important that those leaders have a foundation in strong eating habits.
Added Montell: Stanford's 7,000 undergraduate students will consume roughly 200 million meals in their lives. "If you can influence the current students over the life of their meals, you will influence their ability to impact others as well."
In addition to providing meals at dining facilities throughout campus, Stanford Dining supports the university's academic mission of creating living and learning environments for students. Among Stanford Dining's efforts is the Dining Ambassadors program. These paid student positions help build student community in the dining halls by promoting wellness, healthy eating habits and sustainability. Some of the dining ambassadors were on hand for Thursday's risotto cooking experience with Oliver.
The celebrated chef, who turns 40 this year, seemed as interested in hearing from the students as they were eager to learn from him. "What do you want to learn?" he asked. "What do you want to be amazing at in the kitchen?"
Said student Andrew Beckman: "I want to be able to have kale and chard not taste like kale and chard."
Oliver had a ready answer for the aspiring cook: "Dressing and sauces are your best friend."


text:
The conditions under which ordinary least squares (OLS) is an unbiased and consistent estimator of the linear probability model (LPM) are unlikely to hold in many instances. Yet the LPM still may be the correct model or a good approximation to the probability generating process. A sequential least squares (SLS) estimation procedure is introduced that may outperform OLS in terms of finite sample bias and yields a consistent estimator. Monte Carlo simulations reveal that SLS outperforms OLS, probit and logit in terms of mean squared error of the predicted probabilities.
linear probability model sequential least squares consistency Monte Carlo


Working principle of greenhouse motor
Edit：Weifang Liwang Electric Co., Ltd.UpDate：2019-07-04
Greenhouse motorIt is the integration of reducer and motor (motor). This integration may also be called a gear motor or gear motor. The geared motor is a fixed speed motor. Once the speed ratio is selected, the motor is selected and the output speed is fixed.
The greenhouse motor is mainly used for driving the sunshade net and window opening inside and outside the greenhouse. Its working principle is as follows:
The reduction motor drives the drive shaft to rotate, and the drive shaft drives the A-type gear to rotate, and the gear rotation causes the frame to reciprocate. Because the frame and the push rod are connected together, the push rod and the frame move at the same time. The driving side profile and the push-pull rod are connected by a push rod connecting clamp, and one end of the sunshade is fixed on the driving side profile, thereby shading. With the reciprocating movement of the driving edge profile, the curtain can be opened and closed.
The reducer is used to change the speed and output torque to provide high torque and low speed. Reducer speed ratio=input / output speed, if the revolution ratio is 100, the output torque is about 100 times the input torque. (Rotational speed slows down and torque increases)
One of the heavy parts in the greenhouse motor is the limit device. The quality of the limit device directly affects the stability of the geared motor and the accuracy of the positioning of the system such as curtain drawing and window opening. So how can we determine the quality of the limit device? This requires users to try it by themselves. After buying a new geared motor, first try to check whether the limit device is sensitive before use. After connecting the motor power line and limit signal line according to the manual under no-load state, power on to see if the limit device It is important to be able to cut off the power supply of the motor as required and stop it accurately.


text:
Monetary Policy Uncertainty And Macroeconomic Performance: An Extended Non-Bayesian Framework
The existing literature has shown that less political uncertainty, or more central bank transparency, may worsen macroeconomic performance by raising the nominal wage. The authors extend this analysis to a non-Bayesian framework, where there is some aversion to ambiguity. They show that the result found in the literature under the Bayesian approach does not hold when the distance from the Bayesian case is large enough, or when a reduction in "Knightian uncertainty" is considered. Then, less uncertainty, or more transparency of the central bank, does not raise the nominal wage and, as a consequence, macroeconomic performance is not worsened (and is in general strictly improved).