I have been with my students in one dental laboratory today. Dental laboratories are some sort of outsourcing in dentistry which is: "the process of contracting an existing business function or process of an organization to an independent organization, and ceasing to perform that function or process internally, instead purchasing it as a service" (used from Wikipedia).
We have many students that are dental technicians, so they know procedures and how to "make something" in dental laboratories, too. Because of financial crisis it is very hard to start dental business in these days, so they asked me how to know where to draw the line between doing something by yourself in dental practice and sending it to a dental technician's office. That is the same question in every outsourcing, in every business.
To facilitate thinking, you have some parameters regardless of business type.
First one are legal issues. There are some jobs that you can and others that you cannot do. For example: if you have need for biochemical laboratory you cannot do blood sample analyses because you're not certified and that procedures are protected by the law. This is not the case in dentistry. Dentists can do nearly everything in dentistry in mostly all countries around the world.
After you have passed legal restraints you have to carefully choose procedures that are well candidates for outsourcing on economical basis. How? You have to calculate a ratio between costs and earning. Many entrepreneurs forget to calculate all costs and that tricks them to bring wrong decisions. It is easy to understand that you have to include costs like material, needed equipment and complicated education, but it is easy to forget to include production time. That last is important that distinct a dentist from dental technician. Dentists have much higher salaries on hour basis than dental technicians.
I have good contacts with my recent students that have finished dental medicine and are working for some time now. When they have problems, their problems are closely linked to the idea that "you have to use outsourcing as much as you can". That is correct only if you have a lot of patients so in effort of saving time you can select "expensive" procedures for outsourcing. Under "expensive" I mean that if something is complicated, takes a lot of time, needs expensive equipment and cannot reach a high price it is a good candidate for outsourcing.
What do they choose for outsourcing? Great example are orthodontic retainers or plaster casts. In the beginning I teach them to do everything they can do because in first months they will have a small number of patients so it is not good to outsource something what is not needed. They can make plastic orthodontic retainers in dental office. The same thing are plaster casts made for analyses. The cost of plastic orthodontic retainers is around 100$ (for dentist) and they take 45 minutes of production per pair. The same procedure is for teeth whitening trays. If a young dentist has two patients in a day he cannot be feasible with doing of whitening with dental technician. Especially if he want to lower price to attract patients. Do not forget that one important factor is that young dentist has a lot of time to do anything so in the pause he can make simple not demanding procedures that technicians do.
Why this is all important? Because when you are a dentist or you are managing any other business you have to understand that you have the same goals: lowering the costs and production times in the same time with raising the quality. That will present you as a good and desirable service provider and in the end that will increase your earnings.
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text:
Introducing the Performance of Political Feeling
- Date: Wednesday 27 February 2019, 14:00 – 16:00
- Location: University House
- Type: Seminars and lectures
- Cost: Free
covering Interdisciplinary Approaches and Perspectives
Part of the 2018-19 Sadler Seminar Series, 'The Performance of Political Feeling'
Across the disciplines of arts, humanities and social sciences, contemporary academic research has increasingly sought to devote attention toward the topic of emotion. Paired with an emerging focus in the political arena on the performance of emotion - and indeed political feeling more broadly, – this seminar aims to bring together academics from different disciplines to explore when, how and through what methods and means political feeling is constructed, mediated, understood and theorised. The event will use a film/television montage of events from political and cultural life that speak to the themes of politics/emotion/performance to stimulate conversation. Key questions include:
- What is political feeling? And how do political feelings emerge?
- What political feelings matter – to whom? And how, when and where are they mediated?
- What tenets of performance emerge from political feeling?
- What do the arts, humanities and social sciences do with the study of political feeling?
Key information and speakers:
The event will be introduced by Dr Beth Johnson and facilitated by Professor Stephen Coleman. The second half of the seminar will feature a short talk from writer, broadcaster and performer, Dr Kate Fox
Places are limited for this event, so if you would like to come along please send your rsvp to the seminar convener Beth Johnson
Location: St George Room, University House.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


STEM Imaging of Oxygen
- Practical Electron Microscopy and Database -
- An Online Book -
_URL_

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Figure 133a shows a STEM Z-contrast image of an 8° [0 0 1] tilt grain boundary in SrTiO3 in the [0 0 1] orientation, indicating two adjacent grains with cubic symmetry and five dislocation cores (dark ovals) at the grain boundary. Figure 133a (b) shows one of the dislocation cores at a higher magnification. The brighter columns surrounding the core represent the Sr columns, while the less bright columns represent the Ti–O columns. Due to the small scattering amplitude of oxygen, the pure O columns are not visible.
Z-contrast image of a 8° [0 0 1] tilt grain boundary in SrTiO3
Figure 133a. (a) Z-contrast image of a 8° [0 0 1] tilt grain boundary in SrTiO3, and (b) One of the dislocation cores at a higher magnification. [1]
Figure133b shows the structure of spinel Li[Mn2]O4 along the cubic [110] axis. Figure 133b (b) is an HAADF STEM image, where only the Mn atoms of the diamond periphery are visible, while the Li and O atoms are invisible.
spinel Li[Mn2]O4
Li[Mn2]O4)
(a) (b)
Figure 133b. (a) Atomic structural model of LMO (spinel Li[Mn2]O4) viewed along the cubic [110] axis. Li atoms (green) occupy tetrahedral sites, and Mn atoms (purple) occupy octahedral sites within a face-centered-cubic array of oxygen atoms (red). (b) Corresponding HAADF STEM image in which bright spots correspond to columns of Mn. Among these, the brighter spots are associated with Mn columns containing a higher number of atoms. [2]

[1] R.F. Klie, I. Arslan, N.D. Browning, Atomic resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy, Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 143 (2005) 105–115.
[2] Charles D. Amos, Manuel A. Roldan, Maria Varela, John B. Goodenough, and Paulo J. Ferreira, Revealing the Reconstructed Surface of Li[Mn2]O4, Nano Lett. 2016, 16, 2899−2906.

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text:
As educators in the largest system of higher education in the United States, faculty in the California community colleges acknowledge equity as crucial to their work. The Academic Senate for California Community Colleges' mission includes a commitment to equity (ASCCC, 2020a), and the California Community Colleges Chancellor's Office Vision for Success includes the goal to first reduce and then close achievement gaps for traditionally underrepresented student groups (CCCCO, 2017). In the last year, national and global events have highlighted the necessity for community colleges to increase focus on systemic change to promote equity and anti-racism in classrooms, colleges, and communities (ASCCC, 2020b).
The course outline of record (COR) and the curriculum review process are key places where campuses can advance equity work in important, systemic ways. As a "document with defined legal standing that plays a critical role in the curriculum of the California community colleges" (ASCCC, 2017), the COR sets expectations for a course and guides instructional practice. Embedding equity in the COR ensures that all students who enroll in a particular course will have the same access to course content and objectives that are culturally responsive and anti-racist. Explicit inclusion of equity, cultural responsiveness, and anti-racism is important for newer instructors, for articulation with four-year institutions also engaging in equity work, and for experienced instructors who may benefit from a fresh look at their course outlines. As a binding document, the COR translates directly into the classroom and affects students' success and learning.
A focus on equity and anti-racism may seem relevant only to a handful of disciplines, but reviewing CORs through an equity lens shows that faculty can all take part in this type of inquiry and systemic change. While maintaining fidelity to disciplinary content and instructional approaches is important, all faculty can have conversations about equity within the context of their disciplinary expertise. The following is a brief explanation of some of the components of the COR that can be reviewed and redesigned using an equity lens (Bean & Gelpi, 2019):
- Course Title and Description: These elements are usually the first things students see about a class and can send a message to the students. The title should be descriptive, accurate, and inclusive and the description student-centered, using accessible and inclusive language with a focus on what the student will gain from the course. They should be inviting and welcoming. Discipline-specific terminology should be appropriately defined or explained through context. The goal is to ensure that every student, even before enrolling in the class, can read the description and understand what the course will cover and how it may be relevant for that individual student. For example, the description for a history course might consider how black, indigenous, and other people of color have traditionally been erased from the curriculum and shift the focus in the course description by using language like "colonized people" in place of "colonial."
- Units/Hours: Higher units and hours can slow student progress and have consequences for student financial aid. In addition, most colleges are progressing in their guided pathways work, which includes reducing time to completion. Faculty should consider whether the course units are aligned with transfer institutions and model curricula. If units are high, a plan should be in place to validate them using disaggregated data that identifies the effects on enrollment for disproportionately impacted groups, including racial and ethnic groups. Noncredit options should be listed if appropriate.
- Limitations on Enrollment: Faculty should consider whether barriers to enrollment such as preand co-requisites or advisories may have disproportionate impact on any students. Limitations on enrollment must be appropriately validated. Reviewing requisites for disproportionate impact is already a requirement for certain types of requisites per Title 5 §55003(g), but faculty should consider whether applying that review process to other limitations on enrollment would help to ensure equitable access to more courses.
- Course Content and Objectives: Where appropriate, faculty should consider explicitly including culturally responsive and anti-racist content in the course topics and objectives. Although diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) content that explicitly addresses racial inequities may be a stronger fit in some disciplines, almost every discipline will have debates, disagreements, or assumptions that can be challenged; the COR should have an acknowledgement and discussion of these issues built in. Opportunities should be built into the topics and objectives for students to see themselves and their experiences represented and to bring their authentic selves to the course through strategies like reflection or response. Faculty should consider not just the content but also the language and terminology used to describe it and be cognizant of where the terms and topics reflect Eurocentric or colonizing views—for example, "third world countries"—and seek opportunities to move the marginalized experiences of black and indigenous people to the center. A review should not just examine what is in the course but also what is left out.
- Assignments: Example assignments act as a guide to new faculty for ideas and development. They should provide examples that align with equitable course content and opportunities for students to bring their own experiences to the course. These assignments should be both formative and summative.
- Learning Outcomes: Faculty should consider a course SLO with a specific focus on DEI or anti-racism in all CORs. For example, a course outcome addressing anti-racism could include articulating or analyzing how social and historical context affected major theories or discoveries in the field, particularly in light of systemic racism. A specific SLO aligned to the course content allows faculty to focus on these areas in assessment and ensure that their students' learning includes equity and anti-racism. Even where DEI content is not explicitly present, the outcomes assessment process should include equity review and thoughtful data disaggregation.
- Methods of Instruction and Evaluation: The COR should include multiple methods of instruction and evaluation, including some authentic assessments capturing more contextualized understanding. Delivering course content for multiple learning styles and ensuring students have a variety of methods to demonstrate their learning can lead to more equitable outcomes and a more inclusive learning experience (Harris & Hernandez, 2021).
- Course Materials: Textbooks, manuals, or other materials should include diverse representations in authorship and content. If they do not, supplemental materials might be included. Course materials should be ADA-accessible and affordable. Where appropriate, open educational resources alternatives should be considered. Although some colleges consider textbooks listed on the COR to be primarily examples, the texts are an important guide for faculty about what kinds of materials are considered acceptable for the course and can have an important impact on the texts that are ultimately selected.
- Other Considerations: Appropriate general education, transfer, and articulation agreements for the course should be listed, as should appropriate distance education modalities approved for the course. A review of the COR should balance the need for increased access with the ability to maintain the quality and fidelity of the course.
Although the points above focus on the COR, degrees and certificates can also benefit from a fresh look with an equity perspective, particularly as colleges advance a guided pathways framework with an emphasis on ensuring learning and completion.
As colleges work to include equity, cultural responsiveness, and anti-racism in their curriculum, they will also need to develop parallel review processes and professional development to ensure that faculty have the necessary tools to design and review course outlines with an equity lens. Many colleges have already begun this work, using tools like cultural curriculum audits, equity rubrics (Koenig, Taylor-Mendoza, & Miller, 2020), and guided pathways (ASCCC Guided Pathways Taskforce, 2021). Other possibilities for systematic equity review might include incorporating equity, cultural responsiveness, and anti-racism in curriculum review materials such as curriculum handbooks, committee training, and standardized questions incorporated in the curriculum management system or during committee discussions.
Models for equity review should ensure that the primary responsibility for curriculum review remains with discipline faculty while also ensuring that equity is discussed systemically across the curriculum review process. Faculty can identify the best places for these discussions at their own colleges—whether in initial faculty self-review, departmental review, program review, curriculum committee review, or some combination—and then work to develop tools that will aid the review process at each step.
Curriculum and equity are at the heart of what community college faculty do. All faculty need to help to make a more equitable system that reflects the diversity of the students, faculty, and communities of California's community colleges.
Academic Senate for California Community Colleges. (2017). The Course Outline of Record: A Curriculum Reference Guide Revisited. Retrieved from _URL_
Academic Senate for California Community Colleges. (2020a). Anti-Racism Education in the California Community Colleges. Retrieved from _URL_
Academic Senate for California Community Colleges. (2020b). Mission and Vision. Retrieved from _URL_
ASCCC Guided Pathways Taskforce (2021). Aligning Guided Pathways with Equity-Minded Actions. Powerpoint. 2021 Guided Pathways Taskforce Resources. Retrieved from _URL_
Bean, M.V. & Gelpi, S.R. (2019, July 11) The course outline of record – through an equity lens. PowerPoint. ASCCC Curriculum Institute. Retrieved from _URL_
California Community College Chancellor's Office. (2017). Vision Goals. Retrieved from _URL_
Harris, S. and Hernandez, J. (2021, July 8) Defining the fourth


text:
The Mississippi Chronic Illness Coalition was formed in 1996 to improve the long-term health of all Mississippians and help reduce the impact of chronic health conditions affecting the state.
The MCIC has a statewide membership of over 200 individuals representing 120 organizations. The focus of the coalition's activities is expanding from diabetes to cardiovascular disease and other major health concerns. MCIC is raising awareness of these issues with the Know Your Numbers campaign.
Chronic Illnesses in Mississippi
Mississippi suffers disproportionately from chronic illnesses, and has some of the highest rates of chronic diseases in the nation. Among others, we are addressing:
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Kidney Disease
Risk Factors for Chronic Disease
- Smoking: Smoking is the single most important modifiable risk factor for heart disease and stroke.
- High Blood Pressure (Hypertension): High blood pressure also puts Mississippians at risk for cardiovascular diseases.
- High Blood Cholesterol: High cholesterol, especially when combined with hypertension, greatly increases the chances for a heart attack or stroke.
- Lack of Regular Physical Activity: Mississippi adults and youth fall well below recommended levels of daily physical activity, and Mississippi children are more sedentary and engage in more screen time than the national average.
- Overweight/Obesity: Mississippi ranked number one — the highest in the nation — in obesity in 2012.
- Preventive Health: Mississippi suffers from strong disparities in health care and preventive health services which could reduce the impact of chronic illnesses, improve lives, and reduce lifetime health-related costs.
MCIC Chronicles is the MCIC's newsletter, published periodically each year.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Christopher Koenigsberg
It is the magic of polymorphism, and of Java interface vs. implementation types. Two objects can both be "instanceof" the same interface type, even though they are not of the same implementation type.
When you call "getConnection()" on a pooled connection cache manager object, you get a "logical" connection, something which implements the java.sql.Connection interface.
But it is not the same implementation type as you would get for your Connection, if you directly called getConnection() from a (non-pooled/non-cached) datasource.
So the "close()" that you invoke on the "logical" Connection is not the same "close()" method as the one on the actual underlying "physical" connection hidden by the pool cache manager.
The close() method of the "logical" connection object, while it satisfies the method signature of close() in the java.sql.Connection interface, does not actually close the underlying physical connection.
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text:
Research Area: Machine Learning
Reliable detection of the onset of epileptic seizures has seen renewed interest over the past few years, owing to several factors including, the global push toward digital health-care, the advancements in signal processing techniques, and the increased computational power of machines. A reliable automatic system could result in tremendous improvement in the quality of life of epilepsy patients. This paper presents dynamic mode decomposition (DMD), a data-driven dimensionality reduction technique, originally used in fluid mechanics, as an instrument for epileptic seizure detection from scalp electroencephalograph (EEG) data. DMD is employed in this paper to measure power of signals in different frequency bands. These subband-powers, along with signal curve lengths, are used as features for training random under-sampling boost decision-tree classifier. Post-processing measures ensure an acceptable balance between false positives and true positives. The proposed algorithm has been tested over a thousand hours of EEG data from two different data sets, the CHB-MIT data set and the KU Leuven data set, giving sensitivity values of 0.87 and 0.88, respectively, and specificity values of 0.99 for both the data sets.
Epileptic Seizure Detection
Author(s) Name: Muhammad Sohaib J. Solaija; Sajid Saleem; Khawar Khurshid; Syed Ali Hassan; Awais Mehmood Kamboh
Journal name: IEEE Access
Publisher name: IEEE
Volume Information: ( Volume: 6) Page(s): 38683 - 38692
Paper Link: _URL_

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Several previous reports have established the Pentax Airwayscope® (Pentax AWS, S-100, HOYA-PENTAX, Tokyo, Japan) as an efficient tool for tracheal intubation in adult patients. The Pentax AWS is often successfully used with an INTLOCK blade ; to date, however, INTLOCK blades have been released for neonatal and pediatric patients only. In this case, we performed tracheal intubation using a Pentax AWS attached to a pediatric-type INTLOCK blade (ITL-P) in an adult patient fitted with a Leksell® Stereotactic frame (Elekta, Sweden). The patient weighed 45 kg and was 154 cm tall, and was scheduled for a tumor biopsy due to glioblastoma in the brain stem. The patient was preoperatively fitted with a Leksell® frame on her head. The patient was not premedicated and was monitored with electrocardiography (ECG), noninvasive blood pressure, and pulse oximetry. Following pre-oxygenation, general anesthesia was induced using propofol 4.0 μg·ml-1 with target-controlled infusion and remifentanil 0.25 μg·kg -1·hr-1. After loss of consciousness, we administered 30-mg rocuronium boluses. We initially attempted tracheal intubation first using a Macintosh laryngoscope and then a Pentax AWS, but we could not achieve tracheal intubation with either of these instruments. Upon switching to a Pentax AWS with an ITL-P, we successfully achieved tracheal intubation without any complications. Anesthesia was maintained uneventfully with 3.0 μg·ml-1 propofol and remifentanil 0.10 to 0.25 μg·kg-1·hr-1 in oxygen and air. Further study is needed to facilitate the effective use of the Pentax AWS and the ITL-P in such cases.
|Number of pages||3|
|Journal||Japanese Journal of Anesthesiology|
|Publication status||Published - 2014 Aug|
- Leksell® frame
- Pentax airwayscope®
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine


text: Dr. ZhiQiang Chen joined the Civil and Mechanical Engineering Department at University of Missouri-Kansas City in 2010. Chen received a Ph.D. in structural engineering from University of California, San Diego in 2009, where he completed his cross-disciplinary dissertation titled "Identifying Structural Damage from Images." Prior to joining UMKC, he conducted research in nonlinear soil-structure simulation, geotechnical centrifuge modeling, and system identification as a postdoctoral researcher at UCSD. At UMKC, Chen and his research group (_URL_) dedicate to discovering knowledge from complex interactions in constructed structures and developing advanced imaging and computing methodologies for assessing disaster-induced built environment losses. Chen also has interest in applying building information modeling (BIM) in sustainable energy research. Chen currently teaches / is planning to teach courses in structural engineering and computer engineering, including structural analysis, structural dynamics, advanced engineering mathematics, and advanced image understanding.


text:
Find the absolute value of the difference of single-digit integers A and B such that
ABA_6 + 411_6 = 1215_6
Express your answer in base 6.
Although there are other ways to do this, I would start by converting the two right values to base ten.
The now converted equation is:
If we then subtract 151 from both sides, we get:
We can then use the equation 36A+6B+A=148, which simplifies to
The only non-extraneous values that work for this equation are A=4 and B=0
4-0=4, which makes the answer 4.


text:
|Orpines is a Scrabble word. Scrabble point value for orpines: 9 points.|
|Orpines is a Words with Friends word. Words with Friends point value for orpines: 9 points.|
Above are the results of unscrambling orpines. Using the word generator and word unscrambler for the letters O R P I N E S, we unscrambled the letters to create a list of all the words found in Scrabble, Words with Friends, and Text Twist. We found a total of 180 words by unscrambling the letters in orpines. Click these words to find out how many points they are worth, their definitions, and all the other words that can be made by unscrambling the letters from these words. If one or more words can be unscrambled with all the letters entered plus one new letter, then they will also be displayed.
|Definition of "orpines" found in the Merriam Webster dictionary|
|Definition of "orpines" from The Free Dictionary|
|Definition of "orpines" from Dictionary.com|
|Words that start with orpines||Words that end with orpines||Words that contain orpines|


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Mad Science After School Program
Mad Science is excited to offer Pleasant Grove students another great hands-on series of after school science labs to enjoy. During FALL 2019 students can register to take part in our NASA: Academy of Future Space Explorers class.
This exciting hands-on program takes students on a voyage of discovery into the atmosphere and beyond! Students will explore planets, moons, and other space phenomena in our solar system.
Register online at triangle.madscience.org.
Mad Science meets on Tuesday afternoons from 3:45 PM - 5:15 PM.
Fall sessions for Grades K-5 will run from September 24 to November 12.


text:
3.8 Foot Protection3.8 Foot Protection
Laboratory personnel (and other personnel) must wear foot protection at all times in laboratories, laboratory support areas, and other areas with chemical, biological and physical hazards are present. Laboratory personnel should not wear sandals or similar types of perforated or open toes shoes whenever working with or around hazardous chemicals or physical hazards. This is due to the potential exposure to toxic chemicals and the potential associated with physical hazards such as dropping pieces of equipment or broken glass being present. In general, shoes should be comfortable, and leather shoes are preferable to cloth shoes due to the better chemical resistance of leather compared to cloth. Leather shoes also tend to absorb fewer chemicals than cloth shoes. However, leather shoes are not designed for long term exposure to direct contact with chemicals. In such instances, chemically resistant rubber boots are necessary.
EHS strongly encourages Principal Investigators and laboratory supervisors to require the use of closed toed shoes for all laboratory personnel, including visitors, working in or entering laboratories and laboratory support areas under their supervision.
In some cases, the use of steel-toed shoes may be appropriate when heavy equipment or other items are involved. Chemically resistant boots or shoe covers may be required when working with large quantities of chemicals and the potential exists for large spills to occur. Cornell University sponsors a "Shoe-Mobile" every three months on campus for campus personnel to purchase a variety of steel-toed shoes for both work AND personal use at discounted prices. Contact EHS at _EMAIL_ for more information on chemically resistant boots, or to find out when the "Shoe-Mobile" will be on campus.


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Assembly: Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics (in microsoft.xna.framework.graphics.dll)
In the XNA Framework, all two-dimensional (2D) images are represented by a range of memory called a surface. Within a surface, each element holds a color value representing a small section of the image, called a pixel. An image's detail level is defined by the number of pixels needed to represent the image and the number of bits needed for the image's color spectrum. For example, an image that is 800 pixels wide by 600 pixels high with 32 bits of color for each pixel (written as 800 x 600 x 32) is more detailed than an image that is 640 pixels wide by 480 pixels tall with 16 bits of color for each pixel (written as 640 x 480 x 16). Likewise, the more detailed image requires a larger surface to store the data. For an 800 x 600 x 32 image, the surface's array dimensions are 800 x 600, and each element holds a 32-bit value to represent its color.
All formats are listed from left to right, most-significant bit to least-significant bit. For example, ARGB formats are ordered from the most-significant bit channel A (alpha), to the least-significant bit channel B (blue). When traversing surface data, the data is stored in memory from least-significant bit to most-significant bit, which means that the channel order in memory is from least-significant bit (blue) to most-significant bit (alpha).
The default value for formats that contain undefined channels (Rg32, Alpha8, and so on) is 1. The only exception is the Alpha8 format, which is initialized to 000 for the three color channels.


Sir Walter Scott's Ivanhoe and Real-Life Trial by Combat
Jan 19, 2010 | Fiction/Lit/Movies
The Black Knight and Friar Tuck enjoy some delicious pie
The Black Knight and Friar Tuck enjoy some delicious pie
I'm studying Ivanhoe right now, and I came across some interesting articles about the book and its connection to a real-life trial by combat… in 1817. So I thought I would blog about the details, because though I think it is really interesting it will probably never make it into my paper.
The Ashford v. Thornton case of 1817 was the last case of a trial by combat challenge in Britain. It came at a time of rising interest in medieval England, chivalry, and romance. But of course the early nineteenth century wasn't a time when trial by combat was considered anything other than absurd and (frankly) barbaric. Most people thought the case allowed a guilty man to get away with rape and murder. How? Through his very willingness and ability to commit murder.
Ivanhoe by Sir Walter Scott was published two years later, in December of 1819. It includes a trial by combat, and several scholars have argued that the case of Ashford v. Thornton was popular enough that both Scott and his readers would have been very aware of the case during the climactic final scene of the novel. Scott indeed mentions the Thornton case in his private letters (Letters; click "Vol. IV").
Details of the Ashford v. Thornton case (1817)
In 1817 Abraham Thornton was accused of raping and murdering 20-year-old Mary Ashford. Her body had been pulled from a pit of water outside a very small village, several miles northeast of Birmingham. At a party the previous night, Thornton had boasted that he'd already had Mary's sister, and he would also have Mary, who was also at the party. Thornton later told police that he did have sex with Mary that night, but that it was consensual. Although we'll never know for sure what happened, Thornton does not come across as a very sexually appealing fellow, considering his rude boasting and his appearance. The London Times noted that Thornton's "natural thickness is greater than common, but his excessive corpulency has swollen his whole figure into a size that rather approaches to deformity." [1]
At the initial trial, Thornton was found "not guilty" after only five minutes of jury deliberation. Again, based on the details available to us today, it is impossible to say whether he actually was guilty or innocent.
Mary's brother, William Ashford, was allowed by English law to make an "appeal," such that Thornton was called upon again to plead his innocence. Except this time, on the advice of his attorneys, he pleaded "Not guilty, and ready to defend the same upon my body" (qtd. in Dyer 386), at which point Thornton threw down the proverbial gauntlet (in this case a yellow leather glove). William, being a skinny teenager, did not accept the challenge. And so Thornton was free. (For what it's worth, the weapons of the fight were to be "oak clubs.")
The public at the time was shocked, given that it was the first demand for a trial by battle since 1638. It was an old law that had basically been forgotten about by the courts, and so it had never been repealed. For the public, Thornton had basically turned the chivalric code upside down. Chivalry asks men to use their power to defend women; Thornton used the chivalric code to get off the hook after supposedly raping and killing a woman. William Ashford, who actually was trying to defend a woman, was out of luck (being a skinny teenager, and all).
Ashford v. Thornton and Ivanhoe
"Combat de chevaliers dans la campagne" by Eug√®ne Delacroix
"Combat de chevaliers dans la campagne" by Eugene Delacroix
Ivanhoe's trial by combat surrounds the saintly Jewess, Rebecca, who has been threatened with rape by the Templar knight Sir Brian Bois-Guilbert. Her staunch resistance to his advances causes him to fall even further in love with her. Eventually, she is accused by the Knights Templar of being a witch who has seduced Bois-Guilbert.
There are a few obvious differences between the case of Ashford v. Thornton and Ivanhoe's trial by combat. In Ivanhoe, the trial by combat is demanded by the threatened woman, Rebecca, not the villain (though it is Bois-Guilbert who secretly suggests it to her, because he wants to save her life). The combat also does not let someone get away with murder; technically, it saves Rebecca's life. Indeed, the real villain, Bois-Guilbert, even though he is never on trial, ends up killed in the middle of the combat due to "the violence of his own contending passions" (490), and justice ends up actually being served. (The "contending passions" refer to Bos-Guilbert's will to win the duel and thus further his ambitions towards eventually becoming the Templar Grand Master, and his conflicting will to save Rebecca, with whom he's fallen in love.)
The two main scholars to take on the similarities of the Ashford vs. Thornton case and Ivanhoe are Gary Dyer and Mark Schoenfield. Both argue that Scott is attempting to rescue chivalry in some way, even if he realizes it's not at all feasible in the modern world.
I think the idea of rescuing chivalry in a world in which it's not feasible is a pretty important aspect of Scott's Ivanhoe. Part of romance involves a kind of lost golden age we can never get back to, and despite the subtle critiques of chivalry and romance in Ivanhoe, I think that the world we are introduced to is indeed a romantic golden age. Although we can't get back to that golden age, it is an important part of our history. In Schoenfield's words, for Walter Scott, chivalric institutions (such as the trial by combat) "rendered modernity intelligible" (81).
[1] I saw part of this quotation originally in Mark Schoenfield's article, and he cites it as 9 August 1817. But I could only find it in the 11 August paper. It is in regards to a Friday trial, which is why it appears three days after, on the Monday instead of Saturday.
Cited Stuff:
Dyer, Gary. "Ivanhoe, Chivalry, and the Murder of Mary Ashford." Criticism 39.3 (Summer, 1997): 383-408. Print.
Schoenfield, Mark. "Waging Battle: Ashford v. Thornton, Ivanhoe, and Legal Violence." Prose Studies 23.2 (2000): 61-86. Print.
Scott, Walter. Ivanhoe. Ed. Ian Duncan. Oxford and New York: Oxford UP, 1996. Print. Oxford World's Classics.
– – –. "The Letters of Sir Walter Scott E-Text." The Walter Scott Digital Archive. Edinburgh University Library. Web. 19 Jan. 2010.
"Warwick Assizes, Friday, Aug. 8. Trial of Abraham Thornton For The Murder Of Mary Ashford." The Times [London] 11 Aug. 1817, Law sec.: 3. The Times Digital Archive _PHONE_. Web. 3 Jan. 2010.


The Lennard-Jones potential has the form:
The (attractive) $r^{-6}$ term describes the dispersion force (attraction at long range). Why is the power $-6$ rather than something else?
I think that it has to do with dipole-dipole interactions, but I am having difficulty working out the physics. Can you please help me?
I know that, at a distance $z$ away, the on-axis electric potential due to a dipole at the origin and aligned on the z-axis is given by:
$$V = \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0} \frac{p}{z^2}$$
where $p$ is the (magnitude of the) dipole moment.
But if there is an atom nearby, the dipole will induce a dipole on the atom. The induced dipole will in turn induce a dipole on the first dipole. Is it possible to classically derive the $r^{-6}$ dependence of the dispersion force? Thanks for your time.
 - 2
 $\begingroup$ You might want o check the Wikipedia article on Vanderwaals forces: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_der_Waals_force $\endgroup$ – Johannes May 1 '13 at 16:48
 - 5
 $\begingroup$ The $r^{-6}$ comes from the London dispersion force (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_dispersion_force) and the derivation of this is complicated. Googling for "derivation of london dispersion force" finds several promising looking articles, but they won't be easy reading! $\endgroup$ – John Rennie May 1 '13 at 17:30
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ OK, thanks. I was thinking that the derivation would involve a dipole-dipole interaction, but I guess it is more complicated than that. $\endgroup$ – Andrew May 1 '13 at 19:57
 - 2
 $\begingroup$ _USER_ you are right it is essentially a dipole-dipole interaction but when averaging over all possible orientations the power of the decay changes from 2 to 6. $\endgroup$ – gatsu May 2 '13 at 11:00
The "simplest" classical explanation I know is the van der Waals interaction described by Keesom between two permanent dipoles. Let us consider two permanent dipoles $\vec{p}_1$ (located at $O_1$) and $\vec{p}_2$ located at $O_2$. Their potential energy of interaction is: \begin{equation} U(\vec{p}_1,\vec{p}_2,\vec{O_1 O_2}) = -\vec{p}_1\cdot \vec{E}_2 = -\vec{p}_2 \cdot \vec{E}_1 = -\frac{[3(\vec{p}_1\cdot\vec{u})(\vec{p}_2\cdot\vec{u})-\vec{p}_1\cdot \vec{p}_2]}{4\pi \epsilon_0 ||\vec{O_1 O_2}||^3} \end{equation} where $\vec{u}= \vec{O_1 O_2}/||\vec{O_1O_2}||$ and $\vec{O_1 O_2}$ is a vector going from $O_1$ to $O_2$.
Now, if the system is subject to thermal fluctuations then the dipoles can change their orientations according to a Boltzmann weight. If the time scale associated to the motion of the particles is much longer than the one associated to the dipole orientations then for each distance $r = ||\vec{O_1O_2}||$ on can trace over all the possible orientations.
The effective interaction between the dipoles is then characterized by the free energy of the system i.e. by:
\begin{equation} \mathcal{F}(r|p_1,p_2) \equiv -k_B T \ln \int \frac{d\Omega_1 d\Omega_2}{(4\pi)^2} \:e^{-\beta U(\vec{p}_1,\vec{p}_2,\vec{O_1 O_2})} \end{equation}
where $d\Omega_i$ is the solid angle element associated with the direction of dipole $\vec{p_i}$ and $\beta=1/k_B T$.
This quantity is super difficult to compute. However, if the dipoles are sufficiently far apart, their interaction energy is small and one may expand the exponential in powers of $\beta U$: \begin{eqnarray} \mathcal{F}(r|p_1,p_2) \approx -k_B T \ln \int \frac{d\Omega_1 d\Omega_2}{(4\pi)^2} && \times\\ && \:\left(1 \right.\\ && -\beta U(\vec{p}_1,\vec{p}_2,\vec{O_1 O_2}) \\ && \left.+\frac{1}{2}\beta^2 U(\vec{p}_1,\vec{p}_2,\vec{O_1 O_2})^2\right) \end{eqnarray}
The first integral $\int \frac{d\Omega_1 d\Omega_2}{(4\pi)^2} 1 $ is trivial and equal to $1$. The second integral of the potential is zero by symmetry (each dipole is as likely to be at either a positive or negative angle from $\vec{u}$ and the integral of a scalar product of two independent vectors is zero). The only remaining term is of order 2 in $\beta U$ which decays with $1/r^6$. At the end of the day we end up with something like: \begin{equation} \mathcal{F}(r|p_1,p_2) \approx -k_B T \ln \left(1+\beta^2\frac{C}{r^6} \right) \approx -\frac{C}{k_B T}\frac{1}{r^6} \end{equation} where
\begin{equation} C = \int \frac{d\Omega_1 d\Omega_2}{(4\pi)^2}\left( \frac{[3(\vec{p}_1\cdot\vec{u})(\vec{p}_2\cdot\vec{u})-\vec{p}_1\cdot \vec{p}_2]}{4\pi \epsilon_0}\right)^2 \end{equation} is a number not important in terms of physical insight.
What matters here is that the average value of the dipole-dipole interaction is zero while the first non zero term not to be zero is owing to fluctuations. This is roughly the rule with van der Waals like interactions which is that they are fluctuation driven (the same is true in the quantum case).
Remark: the previous derivation assumes that the interactions travel at infinite speed which is not true. When the limitation of the speed of light is introduced then at large distances, the van der Waals interaction decays as $1/r^7$.
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ +1 Great answer. I have a small doubt : in the equation for the free energy what happens to the internal energy part. I see that you have just indicated the entropy part. $\endgroup$ – WYSIWYG Sep 16 '15 at 5:16
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ _USER_: what do you mean by "entropy part"? I have used the usual definition that the free energy is the log of the partition function; or are you referring to something else? $\endgroup$ – gatsu Sep 17 '15 at 8:04
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ I am sorry but you are mistaken. I am taking the log of the partition function i.e. $\ln Q = \ln \sum_i e^{-\beta E_i}$ which is minus the free energy. To see this do as follows: $-\ln Q = -\ln Q -\sum_i p_i \ln p_i + \sum_i p_i \ln p_i$, where the second equality is a tautology. Now, do not touch at the second Shannon entropy term and focus on the first one. We now relate $p_i$ and $Q$ via $p_i = e^{-\beta E_i}/Q$. Upon inserting this expression into the log of the first entropy we get $\sum_i p_i \beta E_i + \ln Q$ which gives $-kT \ln Q = F = \langle E \rangle -TS$, which what I used. $\endgroup$ – gatsu Sep 18 '15 at 10:50
Your Answer


add up to 1.
CPUweight=0.25
MEMweight=0.75
#### GET MEMORY STATS
# Get memory usage from the free(1) command using a simple awk command and
# calculate the percentage of memory used. Since the shell does integer
# arithmetic only, we'll use bc(1) to do the math.
MEMtotal='free | awk '/Mem:/ {print $2}''
MEMstatus=$?
MEMused='free | awk '/Mem:/ {print $3}''
MEMload='echo "scale=3;( $MEMused / $MEMtotal ) * 100" | bc'
# Round the answer to the nearest integer
MEMloadrnd='echo "$MEMload + 0.5" | bc'
MEMloadrnd='echo "scale=0; $MEMloadrnd/1" | bc'
#### GET CPU LOAD
# Note: Some version of top(1) report avg. CPU usage since time of last
# reboot in the first iteration, so we'll take the second iteration value.
CPUidletop='top -b -n2 -d.2 | awk '/%Cpu/ {print $8}''
CPUidle='echo $CPUidletop | cut -d" " -f2'
CPUload='echo "scale=3;100 - $CPUidle" | bc'
CPUstatus=$?
# Round the answer to the nearest integer
CPUloadrnd='echo "$CPUload + 0.5" | bc'
CPUloadrnd='echo "scale=0; $CPUloadrnd/1" | bc'
#### CHECK IF STATS ARE A VALID % (between 1 and 100)
# VALID_STATS=1 means stats are valid.
# if stats are not valid, we want to return 0 to LM to disable adaptive
# LB and use round robin until a different value is received.
VALID_STATS=1
if [ $MEMloadrnd -lt 1 -o $MEMloadrnd -gt 100 -o $CPUloadrnd -lt 1 \
 -o $CPUloadrnd -gt 100 ]
then
 VALID_STATS=0
 RETURNED_LOAD=0
fi
#### CALCULATE THE WEGHTED AVERAGE OF $CPUload AND $MEMload.
# Only do this if stats were valid - i.e., $VALID_STATS=1.
if [ $VALID_STATS -eq 1 ]
then
 RSload='echo "( $CPUweight * $CPUloadrnd ) + \
 ( $MEMweight * $MEMloadrnd )" | bc'
 RSloadrnd='echo "$RSload + 0.5" | bc'
 RSloadrnd='echo "scale=0; $RSloadrnd/1" | bc'
 RETURNED_LOAD=$RSloadrnd
fi
#### DETERMINE IF WE SHOULD RETURN 101 OR 102.
# Returning 101 or 102 in the case of a highly loaded system is somewhat
# a matter of policy. In this example, we'll return 101 (take the server
# out of rotation) when stats are valid AND the aggregated load value
# is above 90%, to allow more resources to become available. If the
# aggregate load goes above 96%, we'll return 102 (which takes the server
# out of rotation AND drops all current connections). Presumably, once
# more resources are available, load values will decrease, and the
# server agent will return a lower value on a subsequent run.
if [ $VALID_STATS -eq 1 -a $RSloadrnd -gt 90 ]
then
 RETURNED_LOAD=101
elif [ $VALID_STATS -eq 1 -a $RSloadrnd -gt 96 ]
then
 RETURNED_LOAD=102
fi
#### PUT THE LOAD VALUE IN THE FILE.
# If stats were not valid above, then return 0 -- this disables adaptive
# scheduling and uses round robin instead; else, return the computed load.
if [ $VALID_STATS -eq 0 ]
then
 RETURNED_LOAD=0
fi
echo $RETURNED_LOAD > ${DOCROOT}${LOAD_FILE_PATH}
#### PRINT EVERYTHING TO STDOUT FOR DEBUGGING
# This allows for running the script from the command line to test in
# your environment -- or, if the script is run via cron, cron will
# capture the output and email it to you so you can debug any issues.
# Once you're happy the script is working properly, comment these lines
# out to avoid being emailed output by cron every time the script runs.
echo RETURNED_LOAD = $RETURNED_LOAD
echo RSload = $RSload
echo RSloadrnd = $RSloadrnd
echo MEMweight = $MEMweight
echo MEMtotal = $MEMtotal
echo MEMused = $MEMused
echo MEMload = $MEMload
echo MEMloadrnd = $MEMloadrnd
echo MEMstatus = $MEMstatus
echo CPUweight = $CPUweight
echo CPUidle = $CPUidle
echo CPUload = $CPUload
echo CPUloadrnd = $CPUloadrnd
echo CPUstatus = $CPUstatus
#### EXIT with appropriate status
if [ $VALID_STATS -eq 1 -a $MEMstatus -eq 0 -a $CPUstatus -eq 0 ]
then
# success
 exit 0
else
# error
 exit 1
fi
#### EOF
5 Sample Windows Agent Script
The following script is similar in function to the Linux script presented in the previous section, but is written in Windows PowerShell rather than the Linux bash shell and uses Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) commands to do the job of gathering performance data. The script can be set to run periodically as a Windows Task and assumes that there is an already running IIS server on the Windows Real Server that will respond to the GET request from the LoadMaster for the load value file created by the server agent.
This script is intended solely as an example, although it could be used in a demonstration or proof of concept of how to configure adaptive scheduling.
#
# Very simple adaptive server agent program, intended to be run via a
# Task Scheduler Task with system level privileges, to periodically
# populate the file LoadMaster expects to be available via HTTP on the
# Real Server.
#### DEFAULTS
# This is the default filename expected by LoadMaster. This setting must
# match what's on "Rules & Checking > Adaptive Parameters" in the LM WUI.
$LOAD_FILE_PATH="\load"
# This is the default root of a Windows IIS server. Change this to match
# the location where your HTTP server will require the load file (above)
# to be placed so that LoadMaster can access it using an HTTP GET request.
$DOCROOT="\inetpub\wwwroot"
# Define the weights to be used for CPU and Memory.
# Change these numbers to indicate the percentage weight that each
# statistic should carry when figuring the overall load value to
# return to LoadMaster. By default, these are set to 0.25 for CPU and 0.75
# for Memory, so the effect of the weighting is apparent. Weights must
# add up to 1.
$CPUweight=0.25
$MEMweight=0.75
#### GET MEMORY STATS
[int]$MEMtotal=(Get-WmiObject -Class win32_operatingsystem).TotalVisibleMemorySize
[int]$MEMfree=(Get-WmiObject -Class win32_operatingsystem).FreePhysicalMemory
[int]$MEMused=$MEMtotal - $MEMfree
$MEMloadpct=($MEMused / $MEMtotal).tostring("P")
[int]$MEMload=($MEMused / $MEMtotal * 100)
#### GET CPU LOAD
$CPUload=Get-WmiObject win32_processor | select -Expand LoadPercentage
$VALID_STATS=1
$RETURNED_LOAD=1
if ( $MEMload -lt 1 -or $MEMload -gt 100 -or $CPUload -lt 1 -or $CPUload -gt 100 )
{
 $VALID_STATS=0
 $RETURNED_LOAD=0
}
#### CALCULATE THE WEGHTED AVERAGE OF $CPUload AND $MEMload.
# Only do this if stats were valid - i.e., $VALID_STATS=1.
if ( $VALID_STATS -eq 1 )
{
 [int]$RSload=( $CPUweight * $CPUload ) + ( $MEMweight * $MEMload )
 $RETURNED_LOAD=$RSload
}
#### DETERMINE IF WE SHOULD RETURN 101 OR 102.
# Returning 101 or 102 in the case of a highly loaded system is somewhat
# a matter of policy. In this example, we'll return 101 (take the server
# out of rotation) when stats are valid AND the aggregated load value
# is above 90%, to allow more resources to


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Knowledge of exercise recommendations and energy intake from foods and beverages in relation to exercise behaviors within two Hispanic border communities
Danene (DJ) Moberly, The University of Texas School of Public Health
Abstract
This research is a secondary analysis of the Qué Sabrosa Vida population-based cross-sectional study of two predominately Mexican American communities located along the Texas-Mexico border in 2000. There were two aims for this research. The first was to determine the relationship between knowledge of exercise and water recommendations, and exercise behavior and water consumption. The second was to determine the relationship between exercise behavior and percentage of energy consumption from beverages. Chi-square analysis revealed the majority of both populations had adequate knowledge about water and exercise recommendations, although significant percentages of the populations (>40%) did not consume water or exercise in adequate amounts. Knowledge was found to be a component of both behaviors, as it was more prevalent in the adults who exercised and consumed water in adequate amounts. Analysis of variance revealed no significant difference between overall beverage calorie percentage and exercise level (all p-values > 0.05); both regions and genders reported ∼18% of total caloric intake from beverages. There was no disproportionate influence of beverage calories on total caloric intake, after controlling for water consumption and independent of exercise behavior. These findings suggest that overall caloric intake, from both foods and beverages, may be the most influential factor to the energy imbalance contributing to the obesity crisis in these Hispanic border populations.
Subject Area
Nutrition|Public health|Hispanic Americans
Recommended Citation
Moberly, Danene (DJ), "Knowledge of exercise recommendations and energy intake from foods and beverages in relation to exercise behaviors within two Hispanic border communities" (2008). Texas Medical Center Dissertations (via ProQuest). AAI1450310.
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text:
Marrriage and Midlife
To marry or not to marry? There are many pros and cons. Could marriage, and associated companionship, be a key to a longer life? According to new research, not having a permanent partner, or significant other, during midlife is linked to a higher risk of premature death during those midlife years. The work, by Dr. Ilene Siegler and colleagues from Duke University Medical Center in the US, is published online in Springer's journal Annals of Behavioral Medicine.
The aims of their study was to evaluate marital history and timing on mortality during midlife, test the role of pre-marital personality, and quantify the role of health risk behaviors.
The researchers analyzed data for 4,802 individuals who took part in the University of North Carolina Alumni Heart Study (UNCAHS) - an ongoing study of individuals born in the 1940s. The authors were particularly interested in stability and change in patterns of marital and non-marital status during midlife, controlling for personality at college entry (average age 18), socioeconomic status and health risk behaviors.
Marital history predicts premature mortality as compared to a never married as a 2.33 times higher risk of death. Midlife marital history shows that not having a partner during midlife has the highest risk of death. Controlling for personality and health risk behaviors reduces but does not eliminate the impact of marital status.
Life expectancy has always varied based on a number of factors. Before what we call modern civilization the average person from birth had a life expectancy of the mid thirties. Life expectancy increases with age and the economic life style that is available. In the modern era a life expectancy of the seventies is considered a norm.
Economic circumstances may also affect life expectancy. For example, in the United Kingdom, life expectancy in the wealthiest areas is several years longer than in the poorest areas. This may reflect factors such as diet and lifestyle as well as access to medical care. It may also reflect a selective effect: people with chronic life-threatening illnesses are less likely to become wealthy or to reside in affluent areas.
The relationship between economic circumstance and life expectancy is not clear-cut, however. A study by José A. Tapia Granados and Ana Diez Roux at the University of Michigan found that life expectancy actually increased during the Great Depression, and during recessions and depressions in general. The authors suggest that when people are working extra hard during good economic times, they undergo more stress, exposure to pollution, and likelihood of injury among other longevity-limiting factors.
And now we have the marriage factor to consider if we wish a longer life.
For further information see Marriage,
Rings image via Wikipedia.


text:
From Pegaso Wiki
Suspended load refers to that part of the total sediment transport which is maintained in suspension by turbulence in the flowing water for considerable periods of time without contact with the stream bed. It moves with practically the same velocity as that of the flowing water..
- Definitions, processes and models in morphology
- Manual Sediment Transport Measurements in Rivers, Estuaries and Coastal Seas
- ↑ Rijn, L. C. van (1986). Manual sediment transport measurements. Delft, The Netherlands: Delft Hydraulics Laboratory
Please note that others may also have edited the contents of this article.


text: Abstract The relationship between surface karst development and the geological frame is widely acknowledged in the study of karst landforms. It is of considerable interest especially in alpine environments (e.g. Alpine–Dinaric–Carpathian orogenic system). Karst corridors are generally known as kluftkarren or bogaz and form by solution of limestone along a lithoclase network. The Vânturariţa-Buila Massif (Carpathians, Romania) is a typical alpine karst ridge and a former carbonate platform of Upper Jurassic age in which geologically-controlled karst features have been developing over a geologic timescale. Field research and mapping were useful in extracting geologic features. Jointand structure-controlled karst corridors are common in the upper section of the mountain, between 1600 and 1850m. First, a complex system of lithoclases (fissures, joints and faults) occurred; then, surface runoff or meltwater solutionally enlarged them. Tension fractures strike in a northeast–southwest direction, parallel to homoclinal limestone layers. The exposed fault walls often preserve draperies and speleothem remnants. Further, statistical analysis of joint, fault and bogaz orientations has shown the close relation between the three datasets, and morphometric analysis centered only on the karst corridor system. Results derived from the statistical analysis of orientation data show that there is a strong preferred orientation of the bogaz or bogaz-like forms along the directional faults and that they commonly develop in extensional (tectonically active) environments. Additional features typical to fluviokarst are also present — subterranean connections between the karst corridors and the headwalls of the pocket valleys, generating headward recession both by continuous sapping of karst springs at the headwall base followed by collapses. An extremely poor surface drainage network developed in the upper pavement facing southeast, compared to that on the middle and lower sides.


1. Authorities have differed regarding the optimum degree of moisture associated with the presence of Collembola. Experiments have, therefore, been carried out to ascertain the influence of variation in relative humidity on the death-rate of certain species of these insects.
2. At a uniform temperature of 25° C. it was found that saturated conditions of the environment are necessary for the survival of all species of Collembola used in the experiments.
3. It has been found that, with the exception of the genus Entomobrya, Collembola devoid of a tracheal system are very susceptible to dry conditions. Sminthurus viridis, which possesses a tracheal system and well-developed ventral tube, is much less susceptible to atmospheric dryness.
4. An experiment carried out with Sminthurus mridis suggests that the ventral tube is used for conveying droplets of water from the hairs of the body to the mouth. It also serves as a "cleaning" organ.
5. The results of the above experiments have had direct practical application in methods of control of Collembola.
Now Adviser in Agricultural Zoology, University College of N. Wales.


text:
By Niamh Casey
The Students' Union launched their #SustainableMonday campaign at the beginning of February with the aims being to offer NUI Galway students advice and encouragement to live more sustainably and to highlight the small changes we can all make that will have a big impact on our planet.
Helping students take environmentally-sound action is a priority for the Students' Union, and so each Monday in February they will be setting challenges, through which they will highlight tips and information on ways to live more climate-friendly. Speaking with Róisín Nic Lochlainn, the Welfare and Equality officer and the head of the campaign, she said "The climate crisis is possibly the biggest challenge facing our generation which is why I felt having dedicated days to sustainability is so important! We recently launched the SU environmental and sustainability working group which helped massively in the planning of the sustainable Mondays."
Students' Union President Pádraic Toomey spoke of his delight at the launch of the new initiative,
"We are delighted to launch our #SustainableMonday campaign this month. This year we introduced our SU Clean Ups and they were a huge success showing how much our students care about the world they live in. This campaign will show that by making small changes in our lives, like our choice of toothbrush, we can be part of the move to a sustainable future."
The campaign has been launched as a replacement to the pre-existing sustainability themed week. This way the SU hopes to achieve a more lasting effect by drawing attention to the cause throughout the month. Each Monday will have a specific theme, with the first one being dedicated to sustainable eating. The goal was to encourage students to cut down on the amount of meat in their diets. Nic Lochlainn spoke about this, telling SIN, "We used the #meatfreemondays on our social media posts and others tagged us in their veggie food stories (they can win a Keep Cup if they tag us with their hashtag). We want to encourage students to try and go without meat at least once a week and SULT had some cheap, easy vegan recipes up on their social media."
The following Monday was a two-minute beach clean-up challenge, which NUI Galway students have shown great participation for in the past. Last Monday was the Get Walking challenge, where people were asked to tag the SU in photos of their walk. This also tied in with the Students' Union's February Kilometre Challenge, where students walk, run, or cycle a set distance throughout the month in order to raise funds for different Galway charities like Galway Rape Crisis Centre, Galway Autism Partnership and Helplink Mental Health.
Next Monday the SU will be posting general tips for students on their social media on how to live more sustainably. Some of the tips include getting a reusable water bottle/Keep Cup, carrying reusable shopping bags, do a local area clean up and try not to buy into fast fashion. However, Nic Lochlainn added, "it is emphasised that fast fashion is a necessity for most students, and the wider population, so we won't be pressuring anyone at all in that regard."
The Students' Union will also have lists of eco-friendly period products, cheap yet sustainable shopping lists and different charity shops around Galway, as well as online classes on how to make your own clothes.
To sum up, Nic Lochlainn added "This campaign is very much about thinking globally by acting locally. We will be encouraging our students to look at sustainable food and transport choices." Overall, the movement is about bringing awareness to eco-friendly and sustainable living habits that students can incorporate into their everyday lives and use going forward into the future.


text:
The Waikato River is within the city limits here and this site is downstream of the 8 hydro dams and Lake Taupo. Two kilometres downstream from this point is the Hamilton city wastewater treatment discharge point and 10km upstream is the city's water supply take. You also have the Cambridge wastewater treatment plant upstream of that point. The river then runs north of Hamilton to Mercer before heading west and out to the Tasman Sea at Port Waikato.
Landuse upstream of the monitoring site will affect the water quality. High flow events can also elevate the sediment and bacteria levels, which may lead to poor water quality and clarity.


text:
A Quantity Surveyor (QS) is a crucial member of a construction project team. A QS plays a vital role while this role is the base of costing and control for the project. They are also here to ensure that a construction project is completed on time, within budget, and to the required quality standards. In this article, we will discuss the importance of a Quantity Surveyor and the services they offer to construction projects. A Quantity Surveyor is a professional who specializes in construction cost management. Their primary role is to manage all the costs associated with a construction project, from the initial feasibility stage to the final account. A QS is responsible for providing accurate cost estimates, preparing bills of quantities, managing the tender process, evaluating contractor's claims, and preparing final accounts.
Services offered by Quantity Surveyors
Cost Estimation: One of the primary services offered by a QS is the preparation of accurate cost estimates. Cost estimation is essential as it helps in determining the overall budget of a construction project. A QS uses their expertise and knowledge of the construction industry to provide a detailed cost estimate, which includes all the necessary costs associated with the project, such as labor costs, materials, and equipment costs.
Preparation of Bills of Quantities: A QS prepares a bill of quantities, which is a detailed list of all the materials, labor, and equipment required for a construction project. The bill of quantities is an essential document used in the tendering process as it ensures that all the contractors are bidding on the same scope of work. A QS also uses the bill of quantities to monitor the progress of the construction project and ensure that the project is on budget.
Tendering: A QS manages the tendering process, which involves inviting bids from contractors and evaluating their bids. A QS evaluates the bids based on their technical and financial capabilities and recommends the most suitable contractor for the project.
Cost Control: A QS is responsible for controlling the costs associated with a construction project. They monitor the project budget, track the costs incurred, and identify any potential cost overruns. A QS ensures that the project is completed within the allocated budget by implementing cost control measures such as value engineering, change management, and cost monitoring.
Claims Management: A QS evaluates contractor's claims for additional payments and ensures that they are legitimate and supported by adequate evidence. They also negotiate with the contractor to reach a fair and reasonable settlement.
Final Account Preparation: A QS prepares the final account, which is a detailed statement of all the costs incurred during the construction project. The final account includes all the variations, adjustments, and additional costs incurred during the project.
In conclusion, a Quantity Surveyor plays a critical role in ensuring the success of a construction project. Their expertise and knowledge of the construction industry are invaluable in managing the costs associated with a project. A QS provides services such as cost estimation, bill of quantities preparation, tendering, cost control, claims management, and final account preparation. Hiring a Quantity Surveyor for your construction project can save you time and money by ensuring that the project is completed on time, within budget, and to the required quality standards.
Property Quantity Surveying and Building Management Contractor in Malaysia
Contact us today, as our team is able to do the design, cost generation, cost management, reverse engineering, energy efficiency consultation, material or service computation, other design efficiency works, reverse engineering, renovation, materials supply, installation, upgrading, defect detection, property assessment, new project, refurbishment for all types of projects. We can cover residential, high rise, landed building, terrace, bungalow, semi-detached house, semi-D, infrastructure, shoplot, commercial buildings, industrial, hotel, office, facade, entertainment, amusement park, leisure, recreation, retreat, government, port, plants and factories in KL Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Klang Valley, JB Johor Bahru, Penang, Malacca (Melaka), Seremban Negeri Sembilan, Perak, Pahang, Kuantan, Kelantan, Terengganu, Perlis, Alor Setar Kedah, as well as Sabah and Sarawak for East Malaysia; of course, also we are able to be design consultant, architecture, interior design, building materials supplier and installation contractor for also other countries in Southeast Asia (SEA) countries, including Singapore, Myanmar (Burma), Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Brunei, Bangladesh as well as China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Australia and New Zealand.
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Helllo i just got a firestorm black and decker 10 inch mitre saw off one of my buddies for free because he upgraded. I was looking at some videos (none for this saw) and i couldn't figure out how to get the blade off. i put a wrench on the nut and turned clockwise but i don't know if it a clockwise or counter clockwise nut can anybody help? (Black and Decker firestorm 10" mitre saw)
If the model number is correct, or even close to it, this may be useful for you:
Firestorm FS100L miter saw manual
From that link, I found this set of images that are sure to be useful:
blade change pictures
A bit more digging in the manual shows this text:
 1. Remove screw (A) Fig. 41 and rotate cover (B) to the rear (Fig. 42).
 2. To remove the saw blade, insert the hex wrench (C) Fig. 43 into the hex hole located on the rear end of the motor shaft to keep the shaft from turning.
 3. Use a wrench (D) Fig. 44 to loosen the arbor screw (E) by turning it clockwise.
 4. Remove the arbor screw (E) Fig. 44, the outside blade flange (B), and the saw blade from the saw arbor.
 5. Attach the new saw blade making certain that the teeth of the saw blade are pointing down (Fig. 44). Place the outside blade flange (F) on the arbor, and attach the arbor screw (E) by turning it counter-clockwise using the wrench (D). At the same time, use the hex wrench (C) Fig. 43 to keep the arbor from turning.
 6. Rotate the cover back to the front and replace the screw that was removed in STEP 1.
WARNING:Remove wrenches (C) Fig. 43 and (D) Fig. 44 before starting machine.
Step 3 confirms reverse thread on the bolt holding the blade, turn clockwise (analog, not digital) to loosen.
| improve this answer | |
 - that last warning is priceless! – agentp Jan 7 '18 at 2:48
 - Turning right or left would depend on if the handle is at 12 o'clock position or 6 o'clock position that's why we use cw & ccw. Other than that it is a good answer. – Ed Beal Jan 7 '18 at 12:16
Easy to remember I think, you loosen the screw turning in the blade's cutting direction. Typically clockwise for miter saws and counter clockwise for hand held circular saws. They need to be that way so the motor doesn't tend to loosen the screw while cutting.
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People with autism have altered sense of self: Study
Washington: People with autism have an altered sense of self, which may explain some of the differences shown in social functioning, a recent study suggests.
The research found that, unlike neurotypical participants, people with autism do not experience the 'full body illusion'. This is a test that causes people to experience their self as being located outside of their body and to identify with their own virtual 'avatar' viewed through virtual reality goggles.
The study involved a group of 51 adults, involved a group of 51 adults, half of them with and half of them without autism.
MS Education Academy
The scientists also measured the size of the participants' peripersonal space. This is the area of space directly around our body which the brain treats in a special way as it enables us to interact with the external world. They found that this area of space, that defines the boundaries of self, is smaller in people with autism.
A smaller peripersonal space may explain certain behaviors sometimes seen in individuals with autism, such as approaching others more closely than social norms prescribe, or having difficulty considering communications coming from outside their personal space as being directed towards them.
"For long time autism has been considered a disorder of the self as some people with autism have difficulties accessing memories about themselves and using personal pronouns such as 'me' and 'I'," said Cari-lene Mul, lead researcher of the study published in the Journal of Autism.
"We wanted to find out whether arguably more fundamental aspects of the self – the feeling that your body belongs to you and that your self is located within it – might be altered in people with autism," Mul explained.
According to Jane Aspell, senior author of the study, the findings of our study show that the 'bodily' self is less flexible in people with autism and their brains may combine sensory information about their bodies in a different way. These differences in self may relate to, and partly explain, differences in self-processing and problems with social functioning, including the ability to empathize with others.
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Русская версия English version
Evaluation of supply voltage non-sinusoidality effect on tooth buckling stress in asynchronous engines
E.A. Shumilov, S.K. Gnutov, A.V. Tamyarov, Y.B. Kazakov
Vestnik IGEU, 2017 issue 1, pp. 33—39
Download PDF
Abstract in English:

Background: Mechanical stresses in electric motor teeth and their deformation by electromagnetic forces should not exceed admissible values. The existing methods determine tooth mechanical stresses and deformations under sinusoidal supply voltage. But modern electrical units often use frequency control systems with non-sinusoidal voltage supply from frequency converters, with higher voltage time harmonics causing an additional range of electromagnetic forces in the electric motor. This makes it urgent to evaluate the impact of supply voltage non-sinusoidality on tooth buckling stresses in asynchronous engines.
Materials and methods: The study employed the developed simulation model of asynchronous variable-frequency electric drive in the Simulink environment of the Matlab package, the method of voltage curve decomposition into time harmonics, methods of current spectral analysis and finite element simulation of electromagnetic fields, forces and bending moments, method of determining the total mechanical stress.
Results: A technique has been developed for evaluation of supply voltage nonsinusoidality effect on asynchronous drive tooth buckling stress taking into account the nonsinusoidality form, including pulse-width modulation, stator and rotor core serration, electromagnetic engine condition, range of time and space harmonics of electromagnetic forces. Stator tooth buckling stresses of asynchronous engines have been evaluated for sinusoidal form of supply voltage and supply from voltage pulse-width modulation frequency converter.
Conclusions: Supply voltage non-sinusoidality causes a range of voltage time harmonics, an additional range of electromagnetic forces in the electric motor, which changes tooth buckling stresses and deformations. The developed technique allows evaluation of the effect of supply voltage non-sinusoidality on asynchronous engine tooth buckling stresses. Using pulse-width modulation frequency converters to supply asynchronous engines, in comparison with a sinusoidal voltage source, increases the bending moment and stator tooth buckling stress by up to 10 %. Increasing the carrier frequency of pulse-width modulation reduces additional asynchronous engine tooth deformation.
Key words: asynchronous engine, non-sinusoidal supply voltage, finite-element models, magnetic field, electromagnetic efforts, bending moments, tooth buckling stresses.
References in English:
 1. Ananyev, S.S., Golubev, A.N. Asinkhronnyy elektroprivod s uluchshennymi vibroshumovymi kharakteristikami [Asynchronous electric drive with improved vibronoise characteristics]. Elektrichestvo, 2008, no. 8, pp. 52–56.
 2. Popov, V.I., Tikhonov, S.I. Elektromagnitnye raschety kharakteristik i magnitnykh shumov trekhfaznykh 2r = 6, 8, 10-polyusnykh asinkhronnykh dvigateley serii RA na vysote osi vrashcheniya N = 132 mm [Electromagnetic calculations of characteristics and magnetic noises of three-phase 2r = 6, 8, 10-polar asynchronous engines of RA series at the spin axis height of H=132 mm]. Nizhny Novgorod, VGIPU, 2006. 28 p.
 3. German-Galkin, S.G. Shkola MATLAB. Urok 7 [MATLAB School. Lesson 7]. Silovaya elektronika, 2008, no. 1, pp. 92–99.
 4. Kazakov, Yu.B. Modelirovanie energoeffektivnosti raboty asinkhronnykh dvigateley ot preobrazovatelya s shirotno-impul'snym modulirovannym napryazheniem [Simulation of energy efficiency of operation of asynchronous engines supplied by a pulse-width modulated voltage converter]. Trudy VII Mezhdunarodnogo simpoziuma «ELMASh-2009»: «Energetika i elektrotekhnika. Problemy i perspektivy» [Collected works of the VII-th international symposium «ELMASH-2009»: «Power engineering and electrical engineering. Problems and prospects»]. Moscow, MA «Interelektromash», sentyabr' 2009, vol. 1, pp. 131–136.
 5. Kazakov, Yu.B., Shumilov, E.A., Chuyanov, D.O. Voronin, S.M. Komp'yuternoe modelirovanie vneshnikh elektromagnitnykh poley asinkhronnogo chastotno-reguliruemogo elektrodvigatelya [Computer simulation of external electromagnetic fields of the asynchronous variable-frequency electric engine]. Sbornik trudov Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-tekhnicheskoy konferentsii «Problemy elektrotekhniki, elektroenergetiki i elektrotekhnologii» [Collected works of the International scientific and technical conference «Problems of electrical engineering, power engineering and electric technology»]. Tol'yatti, Izdatel'stvo TGU, 2012, рart 1, рр. 161–166.
 6. Shubov, I.G. Shum i vibratsii elektricheskikh mashin [Noise and vibrations of electrical machines]. Leningrad, Energoatomizdat, 1986.
 7. Romanov, M.Ya. Sbornik zadach po detalyam mashin [Collection of machine component problems]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie, 1984. 238 p.
 8. Geller, B., Gamata, V. Vysshie garmoniki v asinkhronnykh mashinakh [Higher harmonics in asynchronous engines]. Moscow, Energiya, 1981. 352 p.
 9. Zyryanov, V.M., Mitrofanov, N.A., Sokolovsky, Yu.B. Analiz garmonicheskogo sostava napryazheniya chastotnogo elektroprivoda [Analysis of harmonic composition of variable-frequency electric drive]. Nauchnye problemy transporta Sibiri i Dal'nego Vostoka, 2015, no. 1, pp. 154–159.
 10. Elcut – rukovodstvo pol'zovatelya. OOO «Tor» [Elcut – a user guide. LLC Tor]. Saint-Petersburg, 2015.
Ключевые слова на русском языке:
асинхронный двигатель, несинусоидальное питающее напряжение, конечно-элементные модели, магнитное поле, электромагнитные усилия, изгибающие моменты, напряжения смятия зубцов
Ключевые слова на английском языке:
asynchronous engine, non-sinusoidal supply voltage, finite-element models, magnetic field, electromagnetic efforts, bending moments, tooth buckling stresses
The DOI index:
10.17588/2072-2672.2017.1.033-039
Downloads count:
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text:
Only God can tame your tongue, but you have the responsibility to bridle your tongue. Listen as Pastor Robert uncovers the three keys to transforming your speech.
Just as a bridle in a horse's mouth doesn't immediately tame the horse, we go through a process to tame our tongue. Here are three keys to bridling our tongues:
We should pause before we speak. Often, when we have a problem with anger, it's because we're quick to speak and slow to listen (James 1:19). On the other hand, when we guard our mouth, we keep our soul from troubles (Proverbs 21:23). We show wisdom when we restrain our lips (Proverbs 10:19; 17:27–28; 18:13). An acronym to help us remember to pause before we speak is: W.A.I.T. – Why Am I Talking?
We should ponder what we're going to say before we speak. We think, not only with our mind, but also with our heart (Proverbs 23:7; Luke 2:19, 35; Hebrews 4:12). If we pause and consider what we're planning to say, we can think about our words in our heart, not just in our mind. This is important because our heart was cleansed and made new when we were saved, but our mind is still in the process of being renewed. Our converted heart can tell our renewing mind what to say so we can always speak life and not death.
We should pray for our mouth before we start our day. In Isaiah 6:1–8, we see an example of how to live this daily prayer. Like Isaiah the prophet, we come into the presence of God in worship. As we have an encounter with God, we confess our sins and weaknesses, and He cleanses us, which includes redeeming our mouth. Then we're able to go out and help others in the society we live in today with people who have unclean lips.
Transformation in our life and speech happens only when we fully surrender ourselves and give God everything.
Robert Morris - Amazing Facts
1-04-2021, 00:00, Robert Morris
Robert Morris - The Truth About Words
30-03-2021, 00:00, Robert Morris
Robert Morris - Ten Deadly Sins
31-03-2021, 00:00, Robert Morris
Robert Morris - The Value of Words
29-03-2021, 00:00, Robert Morris
Robert Morris - Have You Believed A Lie?
20-01-2021, 06:50, Robert Morris
Robert Morris - What's So Important About Worship?


text:
AccelaCAPTURE, Your Electronic Superbill
AccelaCAPTURE™ replaces your paper encounter forms with an intelligent, electronic superbill deployed on a tablet, laptop or desktop PC. The fast capture form enables physicians to work as fast as paper while automating charge entry, providing faster practice throughput, preparing for ICD-10 and enabling digital routing within the medical office. Physician offices can transition to a digital paperless environment without having to change the way they operate now.
AccelaCAPTURE is a minimally invasive technology that can produce major results.
With AccelaCAPTURE, providers simply select diagnosis and procedures using a touch screen or mouse and utilize the notes section of the electronic encounter form for specific instructions to charge entry or front desk personnel. Once the provider completes each encounter, ePASS workflow software routes these charges through the powerful AccelaSMART charge resolution engine, validating compliance with Medicare CCI, Medical Necessity Guidelines, blended LCD's, and payor-specific guidelines. Each encounter form receives multilevel editing. As errors are identified, they are presented to coding staff along with recommendations for correction. Corrected charges or "clean claims" are then automatically uploaded into the practice management system.
- Protects physcian productivity
- Maintains familiar encounter form, but in electronic version
- Eliminates paper expense
- Makes ICD-10 a non-event for the physician
- Automates charge entry
- Eliminates lost or missing encounter forms
- Gives clinical and administrative staff electronic access to encounter forms
- Can be utilized simultaneously with EMR


Tag:man_made=windpump
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Public-images-osm logo.svg man_made = windpump
Water Pumping Windmill.jpg
Description
A device that pumps natural gas or water using the wind, typically mass produced. Edit or translate this description.
Group: Man made
Used on these elements
may be used on nodesshould not be used on waysmay be used on areasshould not be used on relations
Useful combination
Status: in use
A wind pump is a kind of windmill, usually mass-produced and made of metal, that is typically used for pumping natural gas or water. In North America, they are also referred to as weathercocks or simply windmills.
Wind pumps are used extensively in Southern Africa, Australia, and on farms and ranches in the central plains and southwestern United States. Although they are a type of windmill, they are distinct from a man_made=windmill by their distinct construction, smaller size, and numerous small rotors.
How to Map
Add a node node at the centre of the windpump and tag with man_made=windpump.
They can be combined with man_made=water_well and amenity=watering_place.
If you know it you can extensively complete it with pump_mechanism=*. Many wind pumps use pump_mechanism=piston and may be manually driven by handle=lever in case of lacking wind.
As you see on the chart below, a wind pump can be associated with several other features, like man_made=storage_tank.
Typical features found on ranches, including wind pumps, and their corresponding OSM tags.
See also


text:
Nature is pretty amazing sometimes; even just thinking about the way the process of pollination works. Living things are pretty amazing, and there are few things as amazing as flowers in the natural world. We might be moving away from the warmer seasons, where flowers blossom and bloom, but that doesn't mean we shouldn't learn more about them.
The rhyme tells us that roses are red, and violets are blue, but it is actually very rare to find a flower that is truly blue. Plant breeders have been doing their best to try to create and cultivate blue flowers. These flowers must almost always be chemically enhanced with dyes to make them appear bluer. Purplish and bluish flowers are generally the outcome, but true blue is hard to find; but, there is also a secret halo that many flowers have, and it's blue.
What are the halos?
There are definitely some distinctive halo markings, known as rings, at the base of the flower petals. We don't realize they are there because they often aren't visible to us unless the petals are dark. But in the majority of cases, they are so small that we can't make them out most of the time, and we often need laboratory equipment to see them. These halos were unknown to us until a few years ago, and now botanists are discovering, they are much more commonplace than we first thought.
The most curious thing about these halos is that they have been found in plants of different species, but, they also differ in appearance. It was discovered, by Beverley Glover of Cambridge University, that some of these halos are very faint, whereas others are much stronger and more pronounced, but all the same color. Clearly, the blue is the common denominator here, and the disorder in the height, width, scatter the blue light across the petals, and this leads to the halo shape.
Bees have a strong and important relationship with flowers, and they play a big part in this story as well. We know that bees can see the blue halo, and they might even be a way for the flowers to communicate with the best, or at least to attract them. No matter the background of the flower, or the conditions, bumblebees are proven to be able to see the halo, and they can find halos more quickly when they have a blue halo attached to them. It could even be that the bees are attracted the blue halo, so are more likely to pollinate it. However, this has been disputed and is not wholly proven yet.
These secret halos present on flowers have taught us a lot about flowers and the way they work. It is curious that only a select number of flowers have this blue halo, and we are still unsure exactly what the purpose of this halo is if there is one. It could just be a colorful and pretty pigment, but it could play a role in attracting bees to pollinate the flower.


text: From a Germanic word, karl, meaning 'free man', akin to Old English ceorl 'man'. The name, Latin form Carolus, owed its popularity in medieval Europe to the Frankish leader Charlemagne (?742–814), who in 800 established himself as Holy Roman Emperor. His name (Latin Carolus Magnus) means 'Charles the Great'. Carolus—or Karl, the German form—was a common name among Frankish leaders, including Charlemagne's grandfather Charles Martel (688–741). Charles is the French form. The name occurs occasionally in medieval Britain as Karolus or Carolus; it had a certain vogue in West Yorkshire from the 1400s, particularly among gentry families. The form Charles was chosen by Mary Queen of Scots (1542–87), who had been brought up in France, for her son, Charles James (1566–1625), who became King James VI of Scotland and, from 1603, James I of England. His son and grandson both reigned as King Charles, and the name thus became established in the 17th century both in the Stuart royal house and among English and Scottish supporters of the Stuart monarchy. In the 18th century it was to some extent favoured, along with James, by Jacobites, supporters of the exiled Stuarts, opposed to the Hanoverian monarchy, especially in the Highlands of Scotland. In the 19th century the popularity of the name was further enhanced by romanticization of the story of 'Bonnie Prince Charlie', leader of the 1745 rebellion.


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Say I have a limited sample, a month of daily returns, and I want to estimate the 99.5th percentile of the distribution of absolute daily returns.
Because the estimate will require extrapolation, I will need to make a distributional assumption. Is there a standard approach to take here if I want to include the higher kurtosis in my estimate?
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What you refer to as the 99.5th percentile is known as the "Value-at-Risk." You are correct that you will need to make a distributional assumption, and there is a popular and well-researched approach to this problem, though I'm not certain it could be called "standard." I would recommend you use the "truncated Levy flight" distribution. James Xiong at Morningstar has written a few papers on this topic, and you can find more by googling him and this topic. Here is a less technical, more introductory piece on the topic.
Also, you should consider other risk measures, most notably Expected Shortfall (ES), also known as Conditional-Value-at-Risk (CVaR), which examines not just what the 99.5% percentile is, but what the conditional expected return is beyond that point. I also recommend you read this MSCI piece on the topic.
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en - MMIWG2S+
Understanding urban Indigenous realities is vital to effective program and funding decisions to address missing and murdered Indigenous women, girls, and two-spirited, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, queer, questioning, intersex, asexual and non-binary people (MMIWG 2SLGBTQQIA+). Friendship Centres are leaders in facilitating programming to eradicate violence in urban Indigenous communities.
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University of Cambridge > Talks.cam > Biological Anthropology Seminar Series > Anthropology, mass graves and the politics of the dead
Anthropology, mass graves and the politics of the dead
If you have a question about this talk, please contact Michael Rivera.
In the past few decades, anthropologists, among other experts, have been called to assist in the investigation of mass graves by conducting exhumations, anthropological examinations and identifications of human skeletal remains. The reasons for this choice of specialists are several: anthropologists are trained in methods of grave location, archaeological excavation and identification by constructing the biological profile of the exhumed remains. In recent years, DNA analyses have been employed to verify the anthropological findings, bringing into the picture yet another scientific specialisation. The use of anthropologists in the investigation of mass graves started in Argentina in the mid-1980s and it has since become common in similar situations. When an international organisation such as the United Nations or even a government decide to investigate a mass grave, this can be for either legal or humanitarian purposes. In the legal context, the focus is to bring those responsible to justice, while in the humanitarian the main goal is to identify the remains and return them to their families for a proper burial according to local customs. The involvement of experts who employ scientific techniques in these investigations, is aimed at providing the objectivity and impartiality required in this context. But are the investigations always objective?
This talk is part of the Biological Anthropology Seminar Series series.
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