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Discover more from The Costa Rica Daily: Costa Rica News & Travel
Costa Rica nears approval of Space Agency
To infinity, and beyond, and Pura Vida.
Update (Feb. 18): This project has passed a second debate and is on its way to becoming law. Our original story follows:
The Costa Rican Space Agency may soon be a reality.
Lawmakers have approved the creation of the Costa Rican Space Agency in a first debate this week. The project must pass a second debate in the coming days before it becomes law.
If the bill passes, the Space Agency (AEC, by its Spanish initials) will:
Research and develop projects focused on solving humanity's problems by improving scientific space knowledge and resource management, through a peaceful approach.
Promote space research for its potential as a means of economic development.
Develop space systems, including the technology and infrastructure necessary for Costa Rica's self-sufficiency in this sector.
Launch collaborative relationships with international space agencies and private companies dedicated to the space industry.
While the AEC would legally be based in San José, its de facto headquarters would be at a new space center in Liberia, Guanacaste.
"Costa Rica is prepared to make a quantitative leap in space exploration, since we have already launched successful satellites such as Irazú and have Costa Rican experts who can grow this activity," said lawmaker Aida Montiel, one of the project's backers.
Despite its size, Costa Rica has an impressive space history. Among its accolades:
Tico astronaut Franklin Chang Díaz participated in seven Space Shuttle missions. He is a member of the NASA Astronaut Hall of Fame and founded the Ad Astra Rocket Company, which has facilities in Liberia.
In 2018, the Irazú — a satellite designed and built in Costa Rica — was launched into space to help the country monitor carbon emissions.
Last year, space startup LeoLabs announced plans to build a next-generation space radar in Costa Rica.
Not bad for a little country of 5 million people. And, if the Space Agency bill passes, there may be even more accomplishments on the (event) horizon.
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Strigo's labs allow attendees to access resources using full internet access, as well as access other labs for cross-lab interactions.
Network Access
Strigo's labs have all ports opened by default (both inbound and outbound). This is true for both internet access and cross-lab access.
Each lab has both dedicated public and private IP addresses (as well as resolvable DNS addresses).
Limiting network access
Note: Strigo does not currently allow limiting network access out of the box. We've aware of the need, and will provide a solution for this in the future.
To limit network access to your labs, you can use the firewall software provided with your lab resources' operating systems (most Linux and Windows distributions have them pre-installed).
Communicating between Labs
Strigo's lab resources can access one another via private and public networks. As mentioned above, all ports between all lab resources are open, and so you can configure access between the resources in whichever way suits your needs.
Note: If a static configuration is required to access other lab resources, is it highly recommended not to use public IP's or DNS, as these may change.
Creating virtual networks between lab resources
You may require a more complex network configuration between lab resources (for example, to create a network where IP's are static).
Note: Strigo does not currently allow creating a virtual network between lab resources out of the box.
However, you may use SDN solutions (such as OpenVPN or Wireguard), and configure those using userdata (LINK) or our post-launch scripting layer (LINK) to configure more complex networks.
Retrieving Network Information
Within the classroom
You may need to retrieve information like the private or public IP address of a lab (or its DNS host name). This can be useful for communicating between lab resources or for accessing them outside of Strigo for different purposes.
To retrieve network information for a lab resource, click the cogwheel to right of the lab's name and then click "Machine Info". You can then copy any relevant information about the lab.
Using our REST API
You may use our REST API to retrieve lab network information.
When are lab IP's changed?
If you rely on having static IP's in your lab configuration, consider the following limitations:
 - A lab resource's public IP and public DNS can change when either replacing the lab resource or returning to an on-demand environment.
 - Private IP's and public DNS should remain the same unless replacing the lab resource.
Differences between different operating systems
There's practically no difference in network access between operating systems. Whether you work with Windows, Linux, or a custom distribution, and as long as your software allows it, network access is configured similarly.
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Proceedings PaperText characterization by connected component transformations
|Format||Member Price||Non-Member Price|
Worldwide there are many different scripts and languages in common use. Finding text lines and character and word boundaries, where present, are necessary primitive operations for most document processing applications. We have developed a method of handling text lines from several different languages that is robust in the presence of common printing and scanning artifacts. A technique is described by which information about the characteristics of a text line can be determined from a list of the connected pixel components that comprise the image. This technique applies across many languages and scripts that are laid out horizontally. For text comprising Roman type, the location and dimensions of each text line are augmented with positions of the baseline and x-height. Where appropriate, coordinates of space-delimited words and individual character cells are determined. This technique incorporates a computationally inexpensive method for straightening curved lines and segmenting kerned characters and a novel method based on font weight and stress for locating the boundaries of individual characters, even if their images touch.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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The main cause of solder cracks
The solder cracks of MLCC will not only occur in the manufacturing process such as the soldering process, but also will occur under severe use conditions after being launched on the market. The main reasons are as follows.
(1) Thermal shock and temperature cycling cause thermal fatigue
In an environment with repeated temperature changes of high and low temperatures, thermal stress is applied to the solder joints due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between MLCC and PCB. In addition, in the welding process, this situation can also occur due to imperfect temperature management.
(2) Lead-free solder
The lead-free solder used for environmental protection purposes is hard and fragile. Compared with the conventional eutectic solder, solder cracks are more likely to occur, so special attention is required.
Applications and substrates that require special attention in solder crack countermeasures
The main causes of solder cracks are thermal shock, thermal fatigue caused by temperature cycling, and the use of hard and brittle lead-free solder.
Therefore, special attention should be paid to the packaging around high-temperature heat-generating parts such as automobile engine compartments in environments where rapid heating (rapid) or rapid cooling (rapid cooling) may occur, such as rapid changes in peripheral temperature (thermal shock).
In addition, products installed in environments where the temperature changes repeatedly, such as outdoors, such as solar power generation, wind power generation, base stations, and other infrastructures, require attention to countermeasures against solder cracks due to their long maintenance cycles.
Summary of MLCC solder crack countermeasures
When stress is applied to the junction between the capacitor and the substrate, "solder cracks" may occur, which may cause components to fall off and open circuit failures.
Equipment exposed to thermal shocks and temperature cycles such as automobile engine compartments or equipment with other heat sources; implementation of maintenance-free infrastructure; hard and brittle lead-free solder joints require special attention.


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This technique summons a small, gourd-shaped toad, called a "Gourd Toad" (瓢箪蝦蟇, Hyōtan Gama), a unique species of toad indigenous to Mount Myōboku. By using the toad's tongue to drag in whatever it wraps around, his technique is best used to capture and isolate a victim dragging them into the toad's stomach. Isolated from the outside world by a barrier, the space inside the Gourd Toad's stomach is far larger than the surface size of the Gourd Toad itself.
The environment inside the toad's stomach is a cavernous chamber, which includes a lake of strong corrosive gastric acid that can dissolve anything that should happen to fall into it, along with shores around the acid lake, and formations sticking out of the lake; the already-existing structures within the Toad's stomach are seemingly unaffected by the acid lake. Once trapped inside, an opponent is cut off from any allies and susceptible to attack, and can then be easily defeated.


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The Ligao-Oas Water District supplies the potable water requirements of households in the urban barangays and some neighboring lowland barangays. Potable water in rural barangays are, in turn, obtained from springs developed and maintained by the City Government. There however remain 10 rural and coastal barangays that have no access to piped water due to unavailable spring sources in their areas. These barangays obtain their water supply either from deep wells or artesian wells.
Mt. Mayon, Mt. Masaraga and the Talisay River system are considered the important watersheds of the City's water resources. New water sources have to be identified in order to assure brighter economic prospects for the City.
Ligao City is highly dependent on spring sources for its potable water supply. Practically more than half of the city's requirements is obtained from Tres Marias Spring i n Barangay Herera, while the other source is a deepwell in Barangay Binatagan. Both water sources are sensitive to the conditions of the watersheds that recharge them. Hence, it is important that the watersheds are preserved and conserved to ensure sustainable yields.
Goal and Objectives
- To provide adequate and efficient water supply services covering the largest possible areas and serving the highest possible number of residents in the urban and rural areas.
- To provide water of sufficient quantity and quality to the City in support of its development strategies ;
- To minimize non-revenue water and improve water utilization within the service areas of Ligao Water District;
- To protect, preserve and conserve existing water supplies within Ligao particularly springs and groundwater sources to assure sustainable yields;
- To explore and identify other potential sources of water consisting of springs and groundwater for the residents in the rural areas ; and
- To tap and develop potential sources to assure adequacy of water supplies to the residential and production zones of the City .
- Explore, identify and tap other potential sources of water consisting of springs and groundwater;
- Conduct regular monitoring of the city's potable water supply sources in terms of yield and quality;
- LGU to enjoin constituents to conserve water through IEC campaigns; and
- LGU to enjoin constituents to protect watersheds and all possible potable water supplies through IEC campaigns.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Oracle Database provides scheduling capabilities with an inbuilt Oracle Job Scheduler. Oracle has the DBMS_SCHEDULER (dbms scheduler) package which provides a collection of scheduling functions and procedures that are callable from any PL/SQL program. We can even use SQL Developer IDE to create and schedule jobs.
In this 3 part article, we will see everything about jobs scheduling in Oracle. We will see examples and illustration code to understand things better.
In the first part of the article, we will briefly visit the components used for scheduler jobs and what are the prerequisites that need to be done before any of the component is created.
A job is the combination of a schedule and a program, along with any additional arguments required by the program. A schedule is nothing but the frequency of job execution. A job can perform a task that is defined by one of these –
A program is a collection of metadata about a particular task. The programs are not schedulable on their own. You need to define program using one of –
- PL/SQL block
- Stored Procedure
- Remote Stored Procedure
A chain is a series of programs that are linked together to perform a particular group of activities. To create a chain, you need to follow below steps –
- Create a chain
- Define the steps in the chain
- Add rules
- Enable (If you are using SQL Developer, you can skip this step as you have the option to enable chain at creation time.)
- Create a job that runs this chain as scheduled.
To create a database jobs, program, and chains we need to grant our users some privileges. To do that connect to the database using SQL plus command line and execute below code blocks. You need to connect as SYSDBA
GRANT CREATE ANY JOB TO ;
GRANT EXECUTE ON DBMS_SCHEDULER TO ;
GRANT MANAGE SCHEDULER TO ;
DBMS_RULE_ADM.GRANT_SYSTEM_PRIVILEGE(DBMS_RULE_ADM.CREATE_RULE_OBJ, '');
DBMS_RULE_ADM.GRANT_SYSTEM_PRIVILEGE(DBMS_RULE_ADM.CREATE_RULE_SET_OBJ, '');
DBMS_RULE_ADM.GRANT_SYSTEM_PRIVILEGE(DBMS_RULE_ADM.CREATE_EVALUATION_CONTEXT_OBJ, '');
For illustrations purpose, we have defined 2 tables and 3 procedures. Brief description of them is as
- JOB_PARAMETERS – To store some intermediate parameter and corresponding values
- JOB_LOG – To store logging statements.
- PROCEDURE JOB_PROC_STEP_1 – This procedure will create a random file name and put it in table job_parameters
- PROCEDURE JOB_PROC_STEP_2 – This procedure will create a file using file name generated in the above step.
- PROCEDURE JOB_PROC_STEP_3 – This procedure will update job_parameters table and mark the parameter as archived.
The code for the above illustrations can be downloaded from our GIT Repository
So far we have covered the basics of Oracle job scheduling now let's see it in action. In this part, we will go through an example of creating a job using a stored procedure.
Oracle Job Scheduler – Create a Job with Stored Procedure
As mentioned earlier, we will create a job stored procedure. We are using SQL Developer to create our Job. Depending upon the type of job you choose to create it will prompt you to define the parameters. E.g. if you choose to create PL/SQL block it will give you space to write your code. If you choose the stored procedure, then it will list down all the procedures available for that user and you can select any one of that to be scheduled as a job.
Let's see each of the steps for the same
- In the SQL developer right click on Job and select New Job (Wizard)
- You will see the below screen. Specify the name and description.
- Keep Job class as default.
- Select the "Repeating" from when to execute the job
- Click on the pencil icon, it will open up another window where you can specify when this job will be executed. Set the frequency as desired and click ok.
- You can see above how the interval is set for this job to be executed every 15 minutes.
- Click on Next. Keep default setting for step 2 and 3
- On step 4 change the priority and set it to 1 as shown below. Keep the rest of the settings as default.
- Click on Finish.
The Job is scheduled and it will be executed every 15 mins. For output purposes, I have set the job to run every 2 minutes. Below are the entries form JOB_LOG table.
If you don't want to use SQL developer, you can also use below PL/SQL to create a job and schedule it.
job_name => '"PAVANS"."ORACLE_JOB_PROC"',
job_type => 'STORED_PROCEDURE',
job_action => 'PAVANS.PKG_TEST_SCHEDULER.JOB_PROC_STEP_1',
number_of_arguments => 0,
start_date => NULL,
repeat_interval => 'FREQ=MINUTELY;INTERVAL=15',
end_date => NULL,
enabled => FALSE,
auto_drop => FALSE,
comments => 'Oracle Job');
name => '"PAVANS"."ORACLE_JOB_PROC"',
attribute => 'job_priority', value => '1');
name => '"PAVANS"."ORACLE_JOB_PROC"',
attribute => 'logging_level', value => DBMS_SCHEDULER.LOGGING_OFF);
name => '"PAVANS"."ORACLE_JOB_PROC"');
That's it for this article. We will see how we can create programs and chains in our upcoming posts. Stay tuned.
- Oracle Job Scheduler Guide With Examples – Part I
- Oracle Job Scheduler Guide With Examples – Part II
- Oracle Job Scheduler Guide With Examples – Part III
You can refer the Oracle package and table script from out Git Repository.
Download from Git
You may also be interested in our basic SQL Tutorials from scratch :
SQL For QA : Tutorial#1 – Select Query


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Critical flow conditions occur when, for a given discharge, the specific energy of flow is at a minimum. The specific energy, E, in Bentley FlowMaster is computed using the equation:
Flow depth (m, ft)
Velocity (m/sec., ft/sec.)
Gravitational acceleration (m/sec.2, ft/sec.2 )
The quantity V2/2g is also known as the velocity head. The specific energy equation used in Bentley FlowMaster is valid only for small slopes (< 10%). It also neglects the effects of the velocity variation across the flow section; that is, the velocity coefficient, a, is assumed to equal 1.0.
At critical depth, the velocity of flow is also equal to the wave celerity (i.e. the speed at which waves will ripple outward from a pebble which is tossed into the water). The Froude number, F, is defined as the ratio of actual velocity to wave celerity. This number is only defined for sections that have a free surface; it is undefined for closed conduits or closed top irregular channels when flowing full.
The ratio is:
Hydraulic depth of channel is equivalent to A/T (m, ft)
Flow area (m2, ft2)
Top width of flow (m, ft)
When F is less than one, the flow is said to be subcritical (velocity slower than wave celerity). When F is greater than one, the flow is said to be supercritical (velocity faster than wave celerity). When F is equal to one, the flow is said to be critical. A diagram showing these flow ranges appears below.
Figure 5-1: Specific Energy Curve
The requirement that wave celerity equals actual velocity at critical flow conditions means that critical depth can be computed by varying depth of flow until F equals 1.0. Specifically, Bentley FlowMaster uses the following function, and solves by iterating over depth until f (y) = 0:
|Copyright and Trademark Information|


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The main view can be accessed by either:
1. Clicking the PeakHour icon / target information in the menu bar.
2. Clicking the PeakHour icon in the Dock.
Main View features
This graph points out the primary feature of the main view:
The graph toolbar appears when mousing over the graph area.
From left to right, the controls are:
|Zoom out||Zooms out the graph view, increasing the amount of time shown.|
|Zoom slider||Adjusts the graph zoom|
|Zoom in||Zooms in the graph view, decreasing the amount of time shown.|
|Lock / unlock graph scale|
When locked, the graph's vertical scale adjusts to the visible area.
|Toggle absolute / relative times||Toggles absolute time-of-day times (e.g. 8:39pm) vs. relative times (e.g. 13m) on the graph's Y axis.|
|Share||Share the graph via Email, iMessage, AirDrop etc.|
|History||Opens the History view for this target.|


The LEMON Parser Generator
The Lemon program is an LALR(1) parser generator. It takes a context free grammar and converts it into a subroutine that will parse a file using that grammar.
Lemon is similar to the much more famous programs "YACC" and "BISON". But lemon is not compatible with either yacc or bison. There are several important differences:
The complete source code to the lemon parser generator is contained in two files. The file lemon.c is the parser generator program itself. A separate file lempar.c is the template for the parser subroutine that lemon generates. Documentation on lemon is also available.
To see an example of how to use lemon, see the source code to the SQLite database engine. Lemon is maintained as part of the SQLite project.
More Open Source® Software


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During the process of acetylene production, the chemical reaction produces some amount of heat. The amount of heat dispelled during generation is monitored to ensure that it is not excessive. Heat is further reduced during the purification process and under normal operating conditions, should not become an issue.
However, during the process of regenerating purification material, heat is usually created in the purifier. If the temperature of the purifier increases disproportionately in isolated spots or places, this is known as hot spots which may result in damage to the purifier liner if not corrected. Understanding the causes and corrective actions of purifier hot spots will increase the safety of your operations as well as the life of your purifier.
Reasons for Hot Spot Formation in Acetylene Purifiers
Hot spots can be caused by:
- Insufficient air reaching the purification material
- Channeling of air through the purification material, rather than complete absorption into all of the material
- Partial blockage of the purifier vent
- Incomplete purge of the acetylene plant due to blockage of the purifier vent
Reverse Hot Spot Formation in Acetylene Purifiers
If hot spots are being formed in your purifier, it can be reversed by following the below-mentioned steps:
- Mechanical Disconnections
- Vent the Pressure
- Nitrogen Purging
- Reactivate the Purifier
Open the purifier vent valve in the following manner:
a. Open the vent
b. Close the purifier outlet valve
c. Close the valves at the bottom of the generator flashback arrestors
d. Open the purifier vent valve
a. Once the purifier vent valve has been opened, the pressure in the purifier should drop one lb. in five seconds and continue decreasing.
b. If the pressure drops in this manner, close the purifier and the inlet valve.
c. In case the pressure does not drop, the purifier vent might be blocked. This can be resolved by venting out the pressure from the flashback arrestor safety valves. Maintain the pressure at 6 psig or less.
a. Connect two nitrogen cylinders to the reactivation hose that passes through the purifier.
b. Force the nitrogen through the purifier. The nitrogen cylinder regulator should be set at 5 psi and 50 CFH flow.
c. At the same time, run water on the purifier vessel until the temperature of the cabinet is approximately 98 deg F.
(If more nitrogen is needed, additional cylinders should be connected and used until the temperature is reduced.)
d. Before reactivation, pressurize the purifier four times with nitrogen. After each time, it will be necessary to vent the pressure to remove all traces of acetylene from the purifier.
a. The purifier is now ready for reactivation. Disconnect the nitrogen flow and connect the airline.
b. Proceed to pass air through the cabinet at 50 CFH for eight hours.
c. The purifier should now be at room temperature. If it is not, then continue reactivation until the acetylene purifier reaches room temperature.
d. When the purifier nears room temperature, close the vent valve. Allow the pressure to build up to 5 psi and then vent the pressure.
e. Check for increase in temperature. If the temperature does not increase, pressurize to 10 psi and vent the pressure. Repeat two more times.
f. If the purifier has warmed up, continue reactivation until it reaches room temperature.
g. Remove the lid and check the purifying material for moisture content. If the material is dry, bypass all acetylene around the low pressure dryer.
h. If you are cooling the cooler condenser with well water, reduce the water flow such that the acetylene going into the purifier is a little warmer than the purifying material.
i. The purifier is now ready to be used.
After reactivation, check the purifier in fifteen-minute intervals to determine if there is occurrence of heat buildup during the cylinder charging process. This problem is most likely to occur during the first four (4) hours after reactivation.
The safety and efficiency of an acetylene plant is dependent on the functioning of the various components and parts of the plant. Hence, it is important that the plant is serviced in accordance with the procedures outlined in the operator's manual. Plant owners can also opt for a preventive maintenance plan that helps reduce failure rate of parts and ensures seamless functioning of the plant at all times. Customized preventive maintenance kits are available that include spares and other parts that can help implement a preventive maintenance plan.


, such as the ability to click a button which will dynamically scroll to another section smoothly. Currently, it can only be done in JavaScript, but I think it could fit in with the idea of giving CSS the ability to style the page without interfering with the basic readability of the webpage with, say, a voice reader.
Graphical Effects
Color Gradients
A lot of people mentioned color gradients.
In addition to the above, Rayne Van-Dunem specifically calls out the ability to define gradients for text.
A lot of people seem to think that it's possible to simply replace every <color> value with a gradient, but it's not that simple. A color is zero-dimentional. Gradients are either 1D or 2D. To use a fill that has dimensions means defining its "bounding box", not just its painting (or clipping) area. Imagine, for example, applying a gradient to the text of a <span> broken across two lines. Do you apply the gradient to each part individually? Glue them together as if they were all on one line first? Draw a rectangle around both parts and apply the gradient to that? (CSS3 Backgrounds and Borders has a control for this.) This would be something to consider for CSS3 Values and Units. The spec would need to consider the "bounding box" problem and specify for which CSS2.1 properties gradients are valid.
Multiple Backgrounds
Multiple people requested multiple backgrounds:
This functionality is already described in the CSS3 Backgrounds and Borders module and has high implementor interest. It will be listed as high priority in the CSS Working Group charter.
Image Borders / Shapes
Several people mentioned image borders:
Chris Jay suggested border paths.
A border-image property is already described in the CSS3 Backgrounds and Borders module, which has high implementor interest and will be listed as high priority in the CSS Working Group charter.
Control Over Border Dots and Dashes
johan kim wants controls over the gap and width/height of dots and dashes in borders.
I think the benefit of this is not anywhere near worth the complexity it would add to CSS. It would be better for implementors to put their efforts towards making those dots and dashes look good.
Background Image Sizing
thinsoldier requested the ability to resize background images.
A background-size property is already described in the CSS3 Backgrounds and Borders module, which has high implementor interest and will be listed as high priority in the CSS Working Group charter.
Foreground Images
Stephanie suggested the idea of foreground images, which are like background images except they layer in front of the content. Use cases include watermarks, corner decorations, and translucent overlays.
It's an interesting idea I don't think the CSSWG has discussed yet. It would be a very heavy feature property-wise if it were done by duplicating the background properties, but otherwise very easy to spec and implement. (Do a second pass with the background-rendering code.)
Background Positioning from Bottom Right Corner
Several comments requested the ability to position background images from the bottom right corner as well as the top left.
I've added some proposed syntax in the new CSS3 Backgrounds and Borders draft. We'll be asking for feedback on that. Also unless your design needs to depend on the writing direction (ltr vs. rtl), the calc() proposal in CSS3 Values and Units should also be able to handle this (by subtracting from 100%).
Repeat in One Direction
Webmac requests "support of x-repeat with non-zero start-position".
This would be fairly simple to specify, but we'd need some convincing real-world examples to show that it's needed and worth defining and implementing.
"Shrink-to-fit" Background Image Sizing
Simon Fraser requests "shrink-to-fit" sizing for background images:
"Shrink to fit" would reduce the scale of the image until both height and width fit in the background, while maintaining aspect ratio. Currently, it's only possible to do either width or height.
Bert and I have added this to the CSS3 Backgrounds and Borders editor's draft. Expect to see it in the next official publication.
Image Mirroring
thinsoldier suggested a way to mirror images to cut down on the number of image files.
This would be something to consider for the CSS3 Values and Units module, along with image slices.
Drop Shadows
Several comments mentioned drop shadows:
There aren't any concrete plans to add true shadows (although Robert O'Callahan's proposal for applying SVG properties to CSS layouts might be able to do that), but text-shadow is specified for the CSS3 Text module, and box-shadow is part of CSS3 Backgrounds and Borders. Expect both of those to be widely implemented in the near future.
Rounded Corners
Three comments mentioned rounded corners:
Rounded corners is in the CSS3 Backgrounds and Borders drafts as border-radius. I recently clarified the draft to say that setting overflow: hidden clips the contents of the element to the curve of the border.
Diagonal (Bevelled) Corners
Stifu would like a way to define diagonal borders.
Something like a border-corner-shape: round | slant property in conjunction with border-radius would be able to handle this. The tricky part is figuring out what to do when the corner joins two borders of different colors or styles. We could propose this for the CSS3 Backgrounds and Borders module and see if there is any interest from implementors.
Multiple Borders
Stephanie Hobson requested multiple borders:
Multiple borders
The problem
Sometimes we want multiple borders around an element.
Text.
What it might look like
Multiple borders, following the multiple background image model:
 #box{
border:2px 20px 10px 10px, solid, #fff, #000, #fff799,#aba000;
}
Or we could have the ability to define a second box around the element dynamically as suggested in comment 31.
#box:outer{border:20px solid #000;}
 #box:outer:outer{border:10px solid #fff799;}
The CSS Working Group discussed this idea and decided not to add it for CSS3. The usefulness of the feature didn't seem strong enough compared to the cost of complicating the border properties. You should be able to use SVG as a border-image to get a similar effect.
Alpha Channel Image Masks
thinsoldier proposes allowing a grayscale image to function as an alpha channel affecting the visibility of an element:
Ability to use a grayscale image as an "alpha channel" to affect the visibility of an element. This could be used in place of create a new .png for multiple things
_URL_ …I know I know I know…… :( "But in the right hands it could be used for good!"
img#mainPhoto {
 alpha: url(/gray/oval.gif)
 }
Use: I have a left column with a photo at the top the fades out towards the bottom to blend into the background color AND TEXTURE of the column. Instead of having to a. save a new .jpg with the photo + blend into texture/color for EVERY photo i plan to use b. save a transparent .png for Every photo I plan to use I only need to save the transparency itself as a greyscale file and reuse it as alpha on the photos on every page.
Sounds like a neat idea. We'll have to see what implementors think. Apple is doing a lot of graphical effects, they might have an opinion.
Filters
Emil Ivanov would like to see filter effects in CSS. Fenring comments that this is available in SVG, and CSS should be able to point to it rather than duplicating functionality.
Robert O'Callahan (Mozilla) seems to have a proposal that should satisfy both constraints: he proposes extending the SVG properties to apply to CSS boxes as well.
Styling UI
Styling Form Controls
Two comments mentioned styling form controls:
 - Neal
 - Art Clark writes
 When can we start to style form field elements:
 option.item1
 {
 background-image: url(item1.png);
 margin-left: 30px /*white space so that background image icon is visible */
 }
Because form controls are complex and their look is so platform-specific, it is unlikely that the CSS WG will add anything more than the abilities defined in the CSS3 Basic UI module. That module does allow text, border, and background colors to influence the UI: it is up to browser and platform developers to make this possible.
Styling Scrollbars
Five comments mentioned styling scrollbars, with one commenter firmly against.
 - Neal writes:
 Ability to change scrollbar colors (I know IE and opera support this, why not just make it a standard, its part of the presentation)
 - Andy Budd writes:
 I will cry if we have: Coloured scroll bars
 - thinsoldier writes:
 The scroolbar of the main window chrome MUST NEVER BE STYLED.
 However, I strongly believe than any scroll-bar on an overflow:auto element WITHIN _MY_ page should obey my wishes and allow me to style it however I want.
 Use Case: A website for old people with poor eye-sight and motor skills.
 Using a couple scrolling areas on a single page so they don't have to bother with all the complicated "back button" tom-foolery and style the scroll-bars to be FAT and impossible to miss or have


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7 Definitions of Masked
The definition of masked, the meaning of the word Masked:
Is masked a scrabble word? Yes!
- v. - Hide under a false appearance
- v. - Put a mask on or cover with a mask
- v. - Make unrecognizable
- v. - Cover with a sauce
- v. - Shield from light
- adj. - Having its true character concealed with the intent of misleading
- adj. - Having markings suggestive of a mask
Masked is worth 13 points in Scrabble, and 14 points in Words with Friends
There are 6 letters in masked: A D E K M S
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text:
SURVEILLANCE RADAR INFORMATION
In this lesson you will learn the procedures to use and your responsibilities and duties when providing
radar surveillance approach information.
Identify the responsibilities, duties, and procedures to be followed during a radar
surveillance approach by the controller at the flight data, arrival, and final
You will be given the lesson test.
You must answer correctly seven of nine practice exercise questions.
The material in this lesson was derived from the following publication:
FAA Handbook 7110.65F.
In this lesson you will learn the information necessary to functionally control an aircraft while in the
flight data, arrival, and final controller positions when conducting a radar surveillance approach in a
ground controlled approach facility. This lesson provides radar approach information according to
prescribed or approved instrument approach procedures. A radar approach may be given to any aircraft
on request and may be offered to aircraft in distress, regardless of weather conditions, or to expedite


Input and output formats
This section provides an overview of the input and output formats supported by DFTK, usually via integration with a third-party library.
Reading input formats supported by ASE
ASE is short for the atomistic simulation environment, a Python package to simplify the process of setting up, running and analysing results from atomistic simulations across different programs. If it is installed it is automatically used by DFTK in order to read a wide range of input files, such as xyz, CIF, input files of various other codes (e.g. Quantum Espresso, VASP, ABINIT, CASTEP,...). The full list of formats can be found in the ASE IO documentation.
As an example we start the calculation of a simple antiferromagnetic iron crystal using a Quantum-Espresso input file, Fe_afm.pwi. From this file the lattice, atomic positions and the initial magnetisation are read. For more details about calculations on magnetic systems using collinear spin, see Collinear spin and magnetic systems.
First we parse the Quantum Espresso input file to DFTK datastructures:
using DFTK
qe_input = "Fe_afm.pwi"
atoms = load_atoms(qe_input)
lattice = load_lattice(qe_input)
magnetic_moments = load_magnetic_moments(qe_input)
1-element Vector{Pair{ElementCoulomb, Vector{Float64}}}:
 ElementCoulomb(26, :Fe) => [-9.6, -9.6]
At this point a file of any format supported by ASE could be passed instead, e.g. an xyz file or an ABINIT input file. Behind the scenes ASE takes care to select the right parser and extract the required structural information.
Next we attach the pseudopotential information, since this information is currently not exposed inside the ASE datastructures. See Creating slabs with ASE for more details.
atoms = [ElementPsp(el.symbol, psp=load_psp(el.symbol, functional="pbe")) => position
 for (el, position) in atoms];
Finally we run the calculation.
model = model_LDA(lattice, atoms, magnetic_moments=magnetic_moments, temperature=0.01)
basis = PlaneWaveBasis(model, 10; kgrid=(2, 2, 2))
ρ0 = guess_density(basis, magnetic_moments)
scfres = self_consistent_field(basis, tol=1e-4, ρ=ρ0, mixing=KerkerMixing());
n Free energy Eₙ-Eₙ₋₁ ρout-ρin Magnet Diag
 1 -223._PHONE_ NaN 9.50e+00 -1.613 4.5
 2 -224._PHONE_ -2.20e-01 1.95e+00 -0.437 1.5
 3 -224._PHONE_ -3.27e-02 5.13e-02 -0.104 3.0
 4 -224._PHONE_ -5.98e-04 1.26e-02 -0.038 2.0
 5 -224._PHONE_ -4.54e-05 2.98e-03 -0.007 1.0
DFTK also supports using ASE to setup a calculation and provides two-way conversion routines between key DFTK and ASE datastructures. See Creating slabs with ASE for details.
Writing VTK files for visualization
For visualizing the density or the Kohn-Sham orbitals DFTK supports storing the result of an SCF calculations in the form of VTK files. These can afterwards be visualized using tools such as paraview. Using this feature requires the WriteVTK.jl Julia package.
using WriteVTK
save_scfres("iron_afm.vts", scfres; save_ψ=true);
This will save the iron calculation above into the file iron_afm.vts, using save_ψ=true to also include the KS orbitals.
Writing and reading JLD2 files
The full state of a DFTK self-consistent field calculation can be stored on disk in form of an JLD2.jl file. This file can be read from other Julia scripts as well as other external codes supporting the HDF5 file format (since the JLD2 format is based on HDF5).
using JLD2
save_scfres("iron_afm.jld2", scfres);
Since such JLD2 can also be read by DFTK to start or continue a calculation, these can also be used for checkpointing or for transferring results to a different computer. See Saving SCF results on disk and SCF checkpoints for details.
(Cleanup files generated by this notebook)


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ISBN : 9780878935161
Stephen W. Kuffler was the most dominant figure in experimental neuroscience in the 1960s and '70s. The lessons he taught by example about how to do research and how to interact with one's students and colleagues transcend specific disciplines and are timeless. This volume consists of letters by Steve's former students and colleagues and a biography by the noted biophysicist Sir Bernard Katz. Altogether, they demonstrate the views, achievements, and versatility of this extraordinary scientist, teacher, and friend.
Can Mr. Kuffler Come Out To Play?
The Pied Piper
After the End
Stephen William Kuffler (By Sir Bernard Katz)


om\} $$ and $\text {\rm HD}$ denotes Hausdorff-dimension. \endproclaim Urba\'nski has also established an analogous statement for Anosov-flows. \proclaim {Theorem 10.2\ \ [U(1991)]} Let $G$ be a non-empty open subset in $\bom$. Then $$ \text {\rm HD}(G\cap ND) = \dim \bom $$ where $ND=ND(S)$ is the set from (1.1). \endproclaim Dolgopyat has found an interesting strengthening of the question answered by the previous theorems. Note that $ND$ is the set of orbits whose limit points do not fill up the whole space. For $Z \subset \bom$, a fixed subset we can consider the set $$ L_Z:= \{ x\in \bom:\ \lim T^\Bbb Z x \cap Z = \emptyset\} $$ where $\lim T^\Bbb Z x$ denotes the set of limit points of the orbit $\{T^nx:\ t \in \Bbb Z\}$. Dolgopyat's theorem sounds as follows: \proclaim {Theorem 10.3\ \ [D(1997)]} Assume $T$ is a topologically transitive Anosov $C^2$-diffeomorphism of $\bt^2$, the two-torus, and denote by $\text {\rm HD}(\mu)$ the Hausdorff-dimension of its Sinai-Ruelle-Bowen measure $\mu$. If $Z \subset \bt^2$ has Hausdorff-dimension less than $\text {\rm HD}(\mu)$, then $$ \text {\rm HD}(L_Z)=2. $$ Conversely, for any $p > \text {\rm HD}(\mu)$, one can find a set $Z$ of Hausdorff-dimension less than $p$ for which the above statement fails. \endproclaim The proofs of theorems 10.1-3 all exploit the existence of a finite Markov partition. Furthermore, the verifications of Theorems 10.1-2 use a generalization of a result of McMullen, [McM(1987)] providing a lower bound for the Hausdorff dimension through local densities. On the other hand, for establishing theorem 10.3, Dolgopyat uses formulas of Manning-McCluskey, [MM(1983)] and Young, [Y(1982)] which are valid in the two-dimensional setting and this fact explains the dimensional restriction in Theorem 10.3. For systems with singularities the Markov partition, even if it exists, can not be finite and the previous methods do not work. Nevertheless it is reasonable to expect \proclaim {Conjecture 10.4} Theorems 10.1-3 are valid for Anosov systems with singularities (for the axioms of these systems see [Y(1998)] or [Ch(1998)]). \endproclaim Finally we note that results analogous to the aforementioned theorems have been formulated for certain one-parameter subgroups of some Lie-groups but even their listing would go beyond the scope of the present survey. For results and conjectures we refer to [M(1990)] and [K(1998)] and we just note that in these cases again the method of Markov partitions is not at hand but one can exploit the rich algebraic structure instead. \heading {11. Ball-Avoiding in Physics: Open Systems and Repellers} \endheading \bigskip For a better understanding of the pre-turbulent behaviour of the Lorenz-model, in 1979, Pianigiani and Yorke, [P-Y(1979)] initiated the study of open dynamical systems. One main model they suggested was a dispersive billiard with a hole. Since it is close to our basic object, let us look at the questions they raise for this model. Assume we are given a dispersive billiard in $\q$ and a small hole is cut in the table. Whenever the billiard particle enters the hole, it gets absorbed with its orbit deleted from the phase space. We select the hole to be an open subset $B$ of the phase space and assume that the initial phase point is given by a measure $m_0$. Let then $$ p^+(t):= m_0\{S^{[0,t]}x \cap B = \emptyset\} $$ be the probability that the particle stays on the table for at least time $t$, and $$ p^+_A(t):= m_0\{S^{[0,t]}x \cap B = \emptyset\ \text {and}\ S^tx\in A\} $$ the probability that it is in the set $A$ in time $t$. \noindent {\bf Question 1.} What is the rate $p^+(t)$ converges to $0$ with, when $t \to \infty$? \noindent {\bf Question 2.} Does the weak limit of the conditional measure $$ \lim_{t \to \infty} \frac{p^+_A(t)}{p^+(t)}= \mu^+\{A\} $$ exist and if it does what is its value? \noindent {\bf Question 3.} How does $\mu^+$ depend on the initial distribution $m_0$? The questions can be raised in a time-symmetric way, too. Indeed, denote $$ p(t):= m_0\{S^{[-t,t]}x \cap B = \emptyset\} $$ and $$ p_A(t):= m_0\{S^{[-t,t]}x \cap B = \emptyset\ \text {and}\ S^tx\in A\} $$ $$ \mu\{A\}= \lim_{t \to \infty} \frac{p_A(t)}{p(t)}. $$ Then we can pose the same questions for these objects as before. Pianigiani and Yorke answered questions 1-3 for expanding maps acting in a domain of $\br^d$. In a recent work of Chernov, Markarian and Troubetzkoy, [Ch-M-T(1998)] the problems are settled for Anosov diffeomorphisms on surfaces with small holes. Their and previous rigorous results of other authors have been based on analytic calculations obtained originally by physicists. Out of these --- without aiming at completeness --- we only mention the works of Kantz and Grassberger, [K-G(1985)] (related, in particular, to Theorem 11.5 below), of Hsu, Ott and Grebogi, [H-O-G(1988)] (related, in particular, Theorem 11.1 below) and of Legrand and Sornette, [L-S(1990)] (as to an analytic calculation for stadia); for a review we refer to the survey of T\'el, [T(1996)]. Since we only plan to give the flavour of the results of [Ch-M-T(1998)], we will omit the very technical formulation of their conditions. Let $T:\ \bom \to \bom$ be a topologically transitive Anosov $C^{1+\alpha}$-diffeomorphism of a compact Riemannian surface and $B \subset \bom $ be a nice open subset. Denote $\widetilde \bom:= \bom \setminus B$ and let for every $n \ge 0$ $$ \bom_n := \cap_{i=0}^n T^i\widetilde \bom\ \ \ \text {and}\ \ \ \bom_{-n} := \cap_{i=0}^n T^{-i}\widetilde \bom $$ and, moreover, $$ \bom_+ := \cap_{n\ge 1} \bom_n, \qquad \bom_- := \cap_{n\ge 1} \bom_{-n}, \qquad \Omega := \bom_-\cap \bom_+. $$ The set $\Omega$ is called {\it the repeller} (in physics literature, recently they are often called {\it chaotic saddles}). Some more notations: for every finite Borel-measure $m$ we denote $\vert m \vert = m\{ \bom \}$, $$ (T_*m)\{A\} = m \{T^{-1}(A \cap \bom_1)\} \qquad\qquad\qquad (A \subset \widetilde \bom) $$ $$ T_+m:=\frac{1}{\vert T_*m\vert}T_*m \qquad\qquad\qquad \text {if}\ \ \vert T_*m\vert \neq 0. $$ We say that the probability measure $m$ on $\widetilde \bom$ is {\it conditionally invariant } under $T$ if $T_+m=m$, or equivalently if there is a $\lambda_+ >0$ such that $T_*m=\lambda_+ m$. Any conditionally invariant measure $m$ is, of course, supported on $\bom_+$, and we also have $\lambda_+


text:
Defining leaf analysis as a strategy for effective nutrition management
Qbloom Pty Ltd
Project code: PRJ-008061
Project stage: Closed
Project start date: Friday, June 22, 2012
Project completion date: Saturday, May 30, 2015
National Priority: NEPI-Industry building and connectivity
Effective nutrition management combines strategies for balanced soil nutrient content and targeted plant nutrition. In commercial horticulture leaf samples are regularly sent for analysis of nutrient levels. The actual levels measured in a sample are compared against a known standard range for normal leaf nutrient content for that specific crop, and recommendations for fertiliser applications may be made to correct any deficiencies or imbalances in the plant. This project aims to develop leaf standard nutrient ranges for key wildflower products. In the first phase of the project historical data of leaf analyses will be collected and combined to define standard ranges. In the second phase any gaps or inconsistencies will be addressed through monthly leaf analyses of relevant crops. The results of this project further add to a broader understanding of key wildflower crops initiated by the Quality specifications profiles and built on in the Canopy Management project and the Farm Plus project.
New and Emerging Plant Industries
Qbloom Pty Ltd
The project aims to establish normal ranges of leaf nutrient concentrations for Australian and South African native plants grown for commercial flower production. This will enable the industry to use regular leaf analysis as a tool in developing effective nutrition management plans to support healthy plant growth and provide high yields of good quality product. The 30 products highlighted in the RIRDC Quality Specifications manual will be the focus of this project.


text:
The main tunnel has an area of 21 sq m. It is about 4.5 metres wide and 5 metres high. The tunnel will start to be constructed at level minus 27 metres (i.e. 27 metres below sea level) in Bromma and then follow a falling line towards Sickla, where the level is at minus 43 metres. The tunnel will slope at an angle of 1 ‰, which means a drop of 14 metres over the overall 14 km route of the tunnel. The gradient of the tunnel will allow wastewater to flow all the way to Sickla due to gravity.
At its lowest level, the tunnel will travel beneath the bed of Lake Mälaren, 90 metres below sea level. The wastewater in this section will pass through a number of pipes in the tunnel in order to prevent sedimentation at the lowest level. This will allow the pipes to be flushed clean at regular intervals to prevent deposits and sludge.


Alligator shear
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 (Redirected from Crocodile shears)
Jump to: navigation, search
An alligator shear, historically known as a lever shear[1] and sometimes as a crocodile shear,[2] is a metal-cutting shear with a hinged jaw, powered by a flywheel or hydraulic cylinder. Alligator shears are generally set up as stand-alone shears, however there are types for excavators. The jaw size can range from 4 to 36 in (100 to 910 mm) long. They are generally used to cut steel members, such as rebar, pipe, angle iron or I-beams.[3][4]
Older alligator shears were powered by a flywheel. These shears ran continuously, which posed a safety hazard. Now alligator shears are hydraulically actuated. When actuated, the piston arm extends and slowly closes the upper jaw of the alligator shear, which passes alongside the bed or lower jaw of the shear to perform the cut.[4]
Alligator shears are used for cutting long-length metal stock or scrap, generally where accuracy is not an important consideration, and the size or shape of the material makes other cutting or shearing options impracticaloften the only other cutting option is cutting with a torch. Alligator shears are often used in conjunction with large metal shredders in the metal recycling industry, to 'clean' or prepare scrap for shredding by removing unwanted fittings or other parts the shredder will not accept.
The safety requirements for other powered metalworking shears are contained in ANSI B11.4, but alligator shears are specifically exempted from that standard. Federal OSHA and various state OSHA programs have requirements for guarding alligator shears, and newly manufactured alligator shears are provided with guards that adjust to the size of the stock or scrap being cut. The purpose of this guard, however, is to prevent pieces of metal from being ejected during cutting. Such a guard also prevents inadvertent exposure of the operator's hands, but does not conform to more stringent 'point of operation' guarding requirements.
In an interpretive letter dated June 24, 1981, Federal OSHA discussed the guarding dilemma presented by the alligator shear.
In instances where the shear is exclusively used for routine cuts on standardized stock, safeguarding of the point of operation is definable. In other instances, the operator is safeguarded from exposure to the point of operation by the physical size and configuration of the material being cut.
These practical considerations for guarding are not exclusive to alligator shears. A much more common type of equipment, the press brake, also requires point of operation guarding when used with standardized stock, but not with large-dimension stock.
 1. ^ International Textbook Company (1906), International Library of Technology 123, International Textbook Company, p. 27.
 2. ^ Gale, Walter Keith Vernon (1971). "crocodile shear". The iron and steel industry: a dictionary of terms. David and Charles. p. 57.
 3. ^ Mazzolani, Federico M.; Ivʹanyi, M. (2002), Refurbishment of buildings and bridges, Springer, p. 267, ISBN 978-3-211-83690-3 .
 4. ^ a b Lund, Herbert F. (2001), The McGraw-Hill recycling handbook (2nd ed.), McGraw-Hill Professional, p. 28.20, ISBN 978-0-07-039156-7 .


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Hundreds of buffaloes estimated to be at least 400 drowned in the Choebe river on the border between Botswana and Namibia. According to early investigations by the Botswana authorities and eyewitness accounts, the huge herd of buffalo was fleeing from a pride of lions when it ran into the river. According to reports, the Buffaloes got stuck because the river bank on the other side was too steep which resulted in the buffaloes panicking and stampeding. Locals who live near the river took most of the buffalo meat after the lions had finished eating. The authorities are reported to have granted them permission to eat the meat.
Image Credit: Serondela Lodge


Hardware Fingerprinting: Good but not quite Great
Last week, UCSD PhD student Tadayoshi Kohno and CAIDA associates Andre Broido and KC Claffy published a paper detailing the identification of unique pieces of hardware on a network. The basic assumption of the paper, titled Remote physical device fingerprinting, is that the system clock keeping time on every networked device is inaccurate in a unique way, slowly creeping ahead or behind time at a predictable rate. Mr. Kohno makes compelling arguments that this time skew can be identified across multiple hops, long distances, and high-latency links, even if the system in question is using NTP to synchronize its clock with a more accurate (presumably atomic) clock.
This influential and original research is just the kind of infusion of fresh ideas that the information security field needs; however, it isn't quite the remarkable feat that many have heralded it as. One of the fundamental assumptions of the research is that each system's clock skew is unique, but no data is provided, nor references cited, to back this claim. I would be interested to see some follow-up research in this field to show exactly how unique a clock skew can be. Even if the clock skew is found to be repeatable only once in every one million devices, the sheer size of the Internet means that this method could not alone uniquely identify systems. Furthermore, kernel modifications or system-level tools can defeat this process. These two observations do not diminish the value of the research, but are important points that some supporters seem to have glossed over.
This research will inevitably be added to the toolchest of reconnaissance techniques employed by COTS vulnerability assessment scanners, as well as open-source tools such as Fyodor's nmap. While it won't be used alone, when combined with other data collected by these tools, it will serve as the centerpiece to a set of data that will accurately identify a unique system anywhere on the Internet.
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Abstract
Why do Babies Fall Asleep in Moving Cars?
Thomas Köhn, Oliver Kissling
We wanted to find out why babies fall asleep so easily in moving cars. We asked parents with small babies and tested their theories with vacuum cleaner experiments. We found that neither the engine sound nor the rocking movement of a moving car alone is sufficient to calm the baby. Only their combination lets the baby drift off to sleep quickly.
Miniforschung - St. Michael-Gymnasium Bad Münstereifel - Disclaimer, privacy policy, imprint


Tax Deductible Travel Expenses for Continuing Education
If it's work-related education, you may be able to write it off.
Stockbyte/Stockbyte/Getty Images
Learning is a lifelong process -- and in many professional fields, lifelong learning is mandatory. Architects, real-estate agents, nurses and accountants typically have continuing education requirements, for instance. You can take the cost of continuing education classes as a tax write-off. That includes the cost of traveling to attend classes and seminars.
Tax Forms
If you're self-employed, you write off continuing education expenses on Schedule C, like your other business expenses. If you're an employee, you write the expenses off by itemizing on Schedule A. Work expenses are a 2 percent deduction on Schedule A, along with tax-preparation costs and investment fees. You add all such deductions together, subtract 2 percent of your adjusted gross income and write off the rest. If your total is less than 2 percent of your AGI, there's no write-off this year.
Local Transportation
If your continuing ed is a local class, you deduct local travel costs. That includes buses, taxis, subway rides, and the cost of driving your car to school. You can take either a 56.5 cents a mile write-off, or claim the actual costs of driving to class. If your classes will wrap up in less than a year, you can take the round-trip costs of going from home to class, or home to work to class to home. With classes that last longer, you can only write off the journey from work to school, and only one way.
Long Distance
If you have to travel out of town overnight for your seminar, the costs of travel are still deductible. You can also write off lodging and up to half the cost of your meals. This only works if you spend most of your trip on business. If you take a sightseeing trip or dinner with friends during a week-long seminar, you're probably safe. A one-day class followed by five days of partying might raise IRS eyebrows.
Other Limits
If your boss reimburses you for your trip, you can't take the write-off. It's the same rule if a client pays you to take continuing ed. You can bring someone along with you to an out-of-town seminar, but you can't take a write-off for his expenses unless he works for you or has a business purpose on the trip. Bringing a spouse for company is acceptable, but deducting his expenses as a business write-off is not.


Using Hemp Lotion While Pregnant: What You Need to Know
July 5, 2023
Expectant mothers are often extra careful about the products they incorporate into their skincare routines, particularly during pregnancy. This surge in popularity can be attributed to the potential benefits that hemp lotion offers for maintaining healthy and radiant skin during this transformative period.
However, can I use hemp lotion while pregnant? The safety aspect of using hemp lotion while pregnant is a significant concern for many women.
Making informed choices and prioritizing the well-being of both the mother and the developing baby is of utmost importance.
During pregnancy, it is essential to carefully navigate the wide range of skincare products available in the market and select options that not only deliver effective results but also prioritise safety. This is where understanding hemp lotion and its unique properties becomes essential.
By delving into the specifics of hemp lotion and how it differs from other lotions, expectant mothers can make informed decisions about its suitability for their skincare regimen.
This article aims to explore the reasons behind this growing trend and emphasize the significance of making safe skincare choices during pregnancy.
Understanding Hemp Lotion
Hemp lotion is a skin care product enriched with hemp-derived ingredients, most notably hemp seed oil. Unlike other lotions, hemp lotion stands out due to its unique blend of essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals, making it an exceptionally nourishing option for skincare.
The natural properties of hemp lotion offer more than just hydration; they may also help soothe inflammation, support overall skin health, and provide a protective barrier. Despite these benefits, there are numerous misconceptions about hemp lotion that need clarification, especially when it comes to its use during pregnancy.
So, can you use hemp lotion while pregnant? Understanding hemp lotion's composition and potential benefits is crucial for expectant mothers to make informed decisions about their skincare.
It's always wise to consider individual needs, consult with healthcare professionals, and opt for reputable brands like Elixinol, prioritising safety and quality in their products.
How Can I Use Hemp Lotion While Pregnant?
There isn't a lot of research specifically on using hemp lotion while pregnant. However, by looking at studies on hemp-derived ingredients, we can get an idea of how safe and beneficial hemp lotion might be for expecting mothers.
Expert Opinions and Advice
Doctors and skincare experts have valuable insights into using hemp lotion during pregnancy. By listening to their advice, you can better understand the potential benefits and any risks involved, helping you make safer choices for your skincare routine.
Understanding Risks and Side Effects
It's important to be aware of any risks and side effects when using hemp lotion during pregnancy. This includes things like allergies, skin sensitivities, and how your body might react differently. Knowing these factors can help you use hemp lotion more safely.
So, can you use hemp lotion while pregnant? If you're thinking about it, it's best to choose products made specifically for pregnant women or those that are certified safe for pregnancy. These products are usually tested more thoroughly to make sure they're safe and have the right ingredient levels.
If you're still unsure, you can try other skincare options like fragrance-free or hypoallergenic moisturizers. It's also a good idea to talk to your doctor for personalized advice.
Hemp Lotion and Pregnancy: What You Need to Know
It's generally safe to use hemp lotion during pregnancy, but it's essential to take a few precautions. Hemp lotions are made from hemp seed oil, which is rich in essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals.
These ingredients can be beneficial for your skin, helping with hydration, elasticity, and overall skin health.
However, during pregnancy, your skin may become more sensitive, so it's always a good idea to:
 1. Check the Ingredients: Make sure the hemp lotion doesn't contain any other potentially harmful ingredients, like retinoids, salicylic acid, or high levels of essential oils, which may not be recommended during pregnancy.
 2. Patch Test: Apply a small amount of the lotion to a small area of your skin first to see if you have any adverse reactions, such as redness or irritation.
 3. Consult Your Doctor: If you have any concerns or underlying skin conditions, it's always best to consult with your healthcare provider before using any new skincare products during pregnancy.
Overall, hemp lotion can be a great way to keep your skin moisturized and healthy, but always proceed with caution and consult with your doctor if you're unsure.
Elixinol: The Trusted Choice for CBD Products
Introducing Elixinol and BRITISH CANNABIS™
Elixinol is a reputable CBD UK brand that prioritizes quality and safety. As a brief overview, this section will highlight Elixinol's commitment to providing high-quality CBD products sourced from BRITISH CANNABIS™, ensuring consumers have access to premium CBD products.
Elixinol's Commitment to Safety and Transparency
Elixinol stands out due to its dedication to safety and transparency. By emphasizing Elixinol's rigorous testing and quality control measures, this section will provide reassurance to expectant mothers seeking safe CBD products. In addition, it will emphasize the importance of transparent labeling and easily accessible product information to allow consumers to make educated choices.
Elixinol's Range of Pregnancy-Safe CBD Products
Elixinol offers a diverse range of CBD products that are suitable for expectant mothers. This section will showcase specific products, such as Elixinol's pregnancy-safe CBD lotions, oils, or balms, highlighting their potential benefits for pregnant women's skincare needs. By outlining the unique features of each product, readers can identify which options align with their preferences.
Conclusion
In conclusion, using hemp lotion during pregnancy can be a safe and beneficial choice for expectant mothers seeking natural skincare alternatives. Understanding the unique properties of hemp lotion, debunking misconceptions, and considering safety considerations are key factors in making informed decisions.
Elixinol, as a trusted and reputable brand, offers a range of pregnancy-safe CBD products that are backed by BRITISH CANNABIS™. Their commitment to quality, safety, and transparency ensures that expectant mothers can confidently choose Elixinol as their trusted source for CBD products during pregnancy.
By visiting elixinol.co.uk, expectant mothers gain access to a wide selection of high-quality hemp lotions and other CBD-infused skincare options. Elixinol's dedication to safety, rigorous testing, and transparent product information further solidifies its position as a trusted choice for pregnancy-safe CBD products.
With careful consideration, individual preferences, and guidance from healthcare professionals, expectant mothers can confidently incorporate hemp lotion into their skincare routine, nurturing their skin and promoting overall well-being during the transformative journey of pregnancy.
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text:
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Fingerprint image enhancement is an essential preprocessing step in fingerprint recognition application. There are many authors proposed the different fingerprint enhancement methods. Most present well-known methods are base on Gabor filters. However, the present proposed Gabor filters almost can not be efficient in some cases such as: the local orientation changes rapidly and the fingerprint image is heavily noisy. This paper proposes a novel filter design technique based on the orientation consistency to improve the Gabor filter with the aim that achieves higher efficiency in clarifying the high curvature ridges of the noisy fingerprint images. It is called adaptive orientation consistency-based Gabor filter (AOC-BGF). Actually, this is the technique which tunes adaptively the Gabor filter window size based on analyzing the orientation consistency. The orientation consistency describes how well the orientations over a neighborhood are consistent with the dominant orientation. The performance of the minutiae detection process on the database FVC2004 DB4 shows the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.


text:
Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta 2006-27
Over the past years, several countries around the world have adopted a system of prudential prompt corrective action (PCA). The European Union countries are being encouraged to adopt PCA by policy analysts who explicitly call for its adoption. To date, most of the discussion on PCA has focused on its overall merits. This paper focuses on the preconditions needed for the adoption of an effective PCA. These preconditions include conceptual elements such as a prudential supervisory focus on minimizing deposit insurance losses and mandating supervisory action as capital declines. These preconditions also include institutional aspects such as greater supervisory independence and authority, more effective resolution mechanisms, and better methods of measuring capital.


Date of this Version
Aquaculture, the cultivation or husbandry of aquatic plants and animals, is the fastest growing component of United States agriculture. Nebraska presently has an extremely small aquaculture industry, but the potential benefits of investing in the development of a large-scale industry are enormous.
Nebraska is one of the nation's most water-rich states. Its groundwater resources are enormous, and include the High Plians Aquafer, which ranks among the world' largest near-surface aquifers.


text:
Got Nutrients? Dietary Comparison of Medieval European and 21st-century American Food Pyramids
Produced by Gabriel G. Alvarez, Mark Twain Middle School, 2009.
Published: Thursday, May 13, 2010
Dietary Comparison of Medieval Europe and 21st Century
in Relation to the Food Pyramid and the Six Nutrients of Life
Introduction: The students will take an inventory of their lives by keeping track of their daily food intake for breakfast, lunch, dinner, and any snacks in between for three days. They will also ask an adult to do the same survey for three days so that they can compare both surveys with the dietary intake of people of medieval Europe. The students will compare their results with what the food pyramid says they should eat and the six nutrients of life, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, proteins, and water in order to see who is healthier Medieval Europeans or us today? This lesson should take about a week's span to survey their food intake, research the diet of Medieval Europe, and time to write up their results and conclusions.
Related History and Science/Health standards:
7th grade history standard that will encompass this lesson will be:
- 7.6.1- geography of Europe and Eurasia including vegetation and climate and the relationship to life.
7th grade Science Standard: (Investigation and Experimentation)
- 7.b. Use a variety of print and electronic resources (including the World Wide Web) to collect information and evidence as part of a research project
- 7c. Communicate the logical connection among hypotheses, science concepts, tests conducted, data collected, and conclusions drawn from the scientific evidence.
- 7e. Communicate the steps and results from an investigation in written reports and oral presentations.
7th grade Health guidelines:
- 5.1.N Use a decision-making process to evaluate daily food intake for nutritional requirements.
- 1.2.N Identify nutrients and their relationships to health.
- Report writing handout
- Food log or survey form x 2
- Computer lab – medieval research (websites)
- Medieval dietary handouts (see attached)
- Blank Food Pyramid (labeled) x 3
- Blank Food Pyramid (unlabeled)
- Venn diagram
- Six nutrients lecture notes
- Food Pyramid for display (see and handout)
Prior to the students getting to compare their diets to that of the people of medieval Europe the student are frontloaded in understanding the six essential nutrients of life, water, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, & carbohydrates. Also understanding the vocabulary terms they will use with the food pyramid information and what is required on a daily bases to ingest as guided by the food pyramid. Students must also be able to understand serving sizes like what the food pyramid is specifying. Once having that information in the students toolbox they will be prepared to extend the understanding of food through the analysis of what they eat and what people from the past to see who is healthier.
To do: copy all appropriate handouts before the lesson:
- Report writing handout
- Food log or survey form x 2 per student
- Medieval dietary handouts (see attached) per group
- Blank Food Pyramid s
- Venn Diagrams
Day # 1
- In the 1st day the best way to start this small unit is to put the students into small groups of about 3-4 in order to do a brainstorming session as to what food is needed to stay alive and why?
- After they try to figure out what is needed to stay alive they can be given a group copy of a blank food pyramid (unlabeled) to have them fill out with what they came up with previously. Students need use their prior knowledge to fill out the handout and really analyze what they think they should be eating before being told.
- As a group we share out what they came up with before going over the food pyramid and lecture notes on the six essential nutrients. In going over the food pyramid make sure the students understand proportion sizes, this will be important for the homework assignment food log survey.
- Lecture notes for six essential nutrients (see attached) and any food pyramid to go over. Visuals and hands on examples for EL students
- Explain to the students the Hw in which they write down for three days the food they are eating for breakfast, lunch, dinner & snacks along with the amounts or proportion sizes. The students will need to give the sheet for an adult in their lives to keep track for three days as well.
Day # 2
- Lecture notes are finished in class or can be printed and given to students.
- Go over day one of the food log survey to make sure they are filling it out correctly.
- Begin going to the computer lab to look up information on the diets of Medieval Europeans or handout can be given to the groups of 3-4 if no computers are available. The students will be given a blank food pyramid (labeled) to keep track of the food being eaten by the common people of medieval Europe to keep for their records and writing assignment. The EL & special ED students can also draw the pictures of some of the foods to help them remember the items. Once the pyramid is filled out, they can see what categories are missing and can try to figure out why those items are missing and where they could get those things through trade. STUDENT Homework or discussion questions—Why did the people of Medieval Europe have those categories missing as part of their diet? Was it due to geography, religion, achievements (lack of), politics, economics, or social structures (G.R.A.P.E.S.)?
Day # 3
- Second day of research of the medieval diet followed by a class discussion of the common findings.
- One thing you can do is having poster around the room with the food pyramid and giving post it™ notes so they can place the six essential nutrients of the correct posters along with the food items they found from the research they did. The EL & special ED students can also draw the pictures of some of the foods to help them remember the items.
- A gallery walk can be done with the students to see if the students agree with the placements of the items or they can leave a comments next to the post it™.
- Once the students complete the gallery walk and discussion can be done over the disagreements on the placement of some of the items.
Day # 4
- By day four the students should have the food log survey completed so they can also complete the blank food pyramid (labeled) from their data and the adult that they will analyze. STUDENT discussion questions, why did you and the adult you surveyed have those categories missing as part of their diet? Was it due to geography, religion, achievements (lack of), politics, economics, or social structures (G.R.A.P.E.S.)?
- Once the students have had time to analyze both their own and the adult's surveys, they can make a Venn Diagram (fig. 1) comparing both surveys to that of Medieval Europe.
- The Report writing handout and rubric can now be given, explained so they know how the write-up should be done and so they know how they will be graded.
Day # 5
- Class time can be given to start their rough drafts and to ask question of their group and to the teacher.
- What will be collected as part of the report:
o Lab write-up (typed or hand written)
- Both food log surveys (raw data)
- Discussion questions
- Food pyramids for their survey and adult
- Food pyramids for Medieval Europeans
- Venn Diagram comparison
- Before collecting the reports you have the students self score their work or trade with another student to score it before you.
Download File: Got_Nutrients_Attachments.docm


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Understanding Pet Safety
I have always been one of those people who is overly concerned about keeping their animals safe, which is why I started visiting local pet stores to look for solutions. I talked with the owners about the products and services that could help me to eliminate common problems, and it was amazing to see the wide range of products that were available. Within a few weeks, I had finally gathered enough supplies to keep my animal safe and sound. This blog is all about understanding pet safety and learning to provide for your animals in a safe, effective, and convenient way.
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What Is A Martingale And When Is One Needed?
by Caleb Jackson
If you are training a horse or your horse is at risk of throwing their head back, then you may want to consider using a martingale. Martingales are a common tool often used with English tack, but western riders also have purpose for them. They can be a critical safety tool under certain circumstances. Here is more about martingales, whether you need one, and how to use them.
What Is A Martingale?
A martingale is a device to control how high your horse can raise their head. It consists of a strap made of leather or synthetic material that either connects the bit or the nose to a neck strap. Another piece connects the neck strap to the cinch to keep the martingale in place. There are three common types of martingale, and each has its pros and cons.
Why Use a Martingale?
Some horses throw their heads up during certain activities, or out of nervousness or defiance. For example, if your horse likes to evade the bit by raising their head, then a martingale will help prevent that. It's also used as a training aid to teach the horse how to carry its head and body properly.
What Are the Types of Martingales?
Most people use one of the three martingale types listed below. Each works differently. Which one you use should be based on your horse and your own safety.
Running Martingale
Running martingales work directly with the reins and bit to control the horse's head. If the head is lifted too high, then the horse will feel pressure in the mouth. Running martingales are said to be safer than other martingales and offer a horse the most freedom of movement.
Standing Martingale
Instead of using the bit to help control the head, this martingale uses nose pressure. This physically prevents the horse from moving their head too high. However, if fitted too tight, it could cause balance problems for the horse. Some horses also get into the habit of leaning on it for balance which could be a problem if you ride without it.
German Martingale
The German martingale, also known as the Market Harborough, is similar to the running martingale. However, unlike the running martingale, it relies entirely on the horse to self-correct instead of the rider and the reins. These martingales are generally used in training and not in regular riding or competition.
Martingales are a tool for both training and safety while riding with English tack. Whether you need one depends on your horse, your riding level, and the activities you do. Even if you choose to use one, you won't need it for every activity. If you are interested in martingales, then contact an English tack seller for more information.


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Why should a Mobile Network Operator worry about Artificially Inflated Traffic? An insight into how it effects their P&L in the long term.
SMS artificially inflated traffic (AIT) refers to the practice of generating fake or fraudulent text messages, often with the goal of defrauding the enterprises which send A2P SMS to their customers. This can happen in a number of ways, including using automated bots to send large numbers of messages, or using stolen identities to send messages on behalf of other users.
Nefarious organisations, as well as lone operators, can essentially eat-up a significant portion of Application-to-Person messaging (it goes beyond SMS) revenues from Mobile Network Operators with no considerable investment requirement. As indicated in a previous article which focused on SIM box activity in Europe, SIM box activity is wide-ranging and global. A $60 billion business opportunity is at stake here.
How can Mobile Network Operators prevent SIM box activity from punching through their A2P business?
Mobile Network Operators are facing a plethora of challenges that are being triggered by the ever-evolving nature of their business, as this is shifting from a communication provider to a data platform and network business, with emphasis on the value chain. This change has brought about significant shift pains in the business model design, along with the investment required for more capable networks to cater to the looming hyper-connected future.
Since the advent of telecoms, hackers have had an abundance of techniques to penetrate, phish, capture and fraud subscribers globally. Mobile Network Operators are – shall we say – always fighting off new, and constant attacks.


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(Contributor: Johann Bauer, Max-Planck Institute Martinsried, Germany)
Free Flow Electrophoresis (FFE) is an electrophoresis procedure working continuously in the absence of a stationary phase (or solid support material such as a gel). It separates preparatively charged particles ranging in size from molecular to cellular dimensions according to their electrophoretic mobilities (EPMs) or isoelectric points (pIs). Samples are injected continuously into a thin buffer film, which may be segmented or uniform, flowing through a chamber formed by two narrowly spaced glass plates. Perpendicularly to the electrolyte and sample flow, current may be applied while the fluid is flowing (continuous FFE) or while the fluid flow is transiently stopped (interval FFE). In any case the applied electric field leads to movement of charged sample components towards the respective counterelectrode according to their electrophoretic mobilities or isoelectric points. The sample and the electrolyte used for a separation enter the separation chamber at one end and the electrolyte containing different sample components as separated bands is fractionated at the other side.
|FFE-mode||samples for separation||resolution*||throughput*|
|zone electrophoresis (ZE)||cells, bacteria, proteins, peptides, (DNA), viruses, membranes, organelles, enantiomers||3% EPM||40 Mio/h**
|isoelectric focusing (IEF)||proteins, peptides, membranes, organelles, viruses||0.03 pI||500 mg/h***|
|isotachophoresis (ITP)||proteins, peptides, membranes, organelles, (bacteria), viruses, enantiomers||1% EPM||150 mg/h***|
|field step electrophoresis (FSE)||preconditioning of any sample||30% EPM||5 g/h***|


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The MPLS Topology Server uses the following convention to name a Cisco-based TE tunnel:
TETunnel-/_
The MPLS Topology Server uses the following convention to name a Cisco-based primary or backup/secondary TE LSP:
For discovered TE tunnels and TE LSPs that are built on Juniper M/T devices, the MPLS Topology Server uses the tunnel names that are available in the JUNIPER-MPLS-MIB. Because no tunnel IDs are available in the JUNIPER-MPLS-MIB, no tunnel ID appears in the name of a TE tunnel that is discovered on a Juniper M/T device; for example:
The VMware Smart Assurance MPLS Management Suite User Guide describes in detail the naming formats that are used to create MPLS and VPN object names.


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During the transition to chip, customers are being told to swipe their card as they normally would and follow the prompts. If the terminal is chip-enabled, it will prompt them to insert it instead. If you have chip-enabled terminals and you see that your customer has a chip card, you can tell them to insert their card for a chip transaction. These basic steps will help your customers pay successfully in your store:
- The customer should insert their card with chip toward terminal, facing up. The chip card should not be removed until the customer is prompted.
- The customer will provide their signature or PIN as prompted by the terminal. Some transactions may not require either.
- When the terminal says the transaction is complete, the customer can remove their card.
- If the customer has questions, remind them to follow the prompts on the terminal and leave their card inserted until prompted to remove.


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The Listening Inventory (TLI) is an informal behavioral observation completed by parents and/or teachers for students between the ages of 3 to 17. The Listening Inventory is a first step to quantify behaviors to see if a child might need evaluation for auditory disorders and it can provide a starting point for discussions with the speech-language professional prior to formal evaluation of a child. Six areas are assessed and index scores are derived for each. The areas are:
auditory processes. TLI is a sensitive measure to identify those at risk for Auditory Processing Disorders (APD).
TLI is broadly tuned to identify a wide variety of APD characteristics.
TLI contains questions that help to identify four conditions that often overlap with APD.
TLI is a tool that is administered individually (Ages 3 through 17) and requires about 15 minutes to complete and score. Kit includes Manual, 25 Inventory forms, 25 Profile forms


How To Guides at
Baby Furniture Crib Sets
by Emily Lloyd
Ebony 4 in 1 crib with matching nursery furniture
Parents need to invest in a baby furniture crib set before their newborn makes his initial appearance. Having a baby furniture crib set already installed will help prevent unnecessary stress and allow parents to be as prepared as possible for their newborn. Experienced parents will tell first-time parents that a crib is the most essential item on a baby furniture list. The best way to make sure you have all the necessary items for a new baby is to invest in a crib set. Below is a list of possible baby furniture items needed to complete your crib set.
Buying Baby Furniture Crib Sets:
 1. Crib: Cribs are must-have pieces of baby furniture, and a crib should be one of the first things parents purchase for their baby. Cribs are heavy and sturdy stationary beds that usually come with adjustable railings. Crib railings will keep your baby from rolling, climbing and falling out of the bed. Before placing your baby in the crib, make sure the bed joints aren't loose and that there aren't any nails or screws poking out which could cause injuries. When properly cared for, a crib can last for many years. Parents should avoid drop-side cribs because they pose a risk to infants and were banned by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission.
 2. Bassinet: An alternative to a crib, at least for your baby's first few months of life is a bassinet. A bassinet is a lightweight, small bed which is ideal for newborns. Bassinets usually come with wheels, which makes it easier to transport from room to room. Most parents keep the bassinet in their room for the first few months to keep the baby closer to them for late night and early morning changings and feedings. A bassinet is smaller than a crib, so one is safe to use as long as the baby is below a certain weight and cannot roll over yet. Once a baby can roll over, it's time to move him into a nursery crib for safety reasons.
 3. Drawers: Drawers are another essential item in baby furniture crib sets. Babies are small, but they need a lot of clothes, diapers and wipes. Organized drawers make it easy to locate baby items quickly, and keeping baby items in drawers helps to keep the nursery clean and clutter-free.
 4. Changing table: Changing tables should be a secure place to change a baby, so it's important to make sure that the changing table is sturdy. Many changing tables come equipped with safety railings. It's important to double-check that the changing table is big enough for the newborn and that it's at the right height for the caretaker. Some changing tables come with drawers so everything needed is within reaching distance.
Buy Cribs
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text:
In 3D printing systems, different print modes can be selected with different layer time, and
depending on this print mode selected, the parts could have different properties because depending
a specific print modes, a high amount of energy is needed to fulfill print modes requirements, and
sometimes, electrical feeding system is not enough depending on external conditions.
In this article, we want to explain a system that can swap on the fly between different print modes
depending on electrical grid adopting the best solution for the user.
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 License.
INC, HP, "PRINT MODE SWAP DUE TO ELECTRICAL FEEDING CONDITIONS", Technical Disclosure Commons, (July 15, 2019)


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Because we didn't do an in-place upgrade from Vista 3 to Vista 4, we're realizing there are even larger gaps in our policies than we had thought, and there are serious misconceptions on campus concerning types of course management data and their retention, purging and archiving.
Notre Dame is starting to look at some of these issues and our assumptions around them:
1. How long should student work (online quiz answers, assignment submissions, discussion postings) be accessible to students after the semester is over? Is continuing their access through the next semester good enough? Should it be for the duration of their stay at the university?
2. How long should Instructors have access to student work?
3. How long should an Instructors' online course (with student work removed) be retained live on the server? Here at Notre Dame we have a Banner SSB customization that displays a form to faculty allowing them to choose from content available on the Bb Vista servers as the starting point for any given course in the current semester. Behind the scenes this programmatically creates an assignment job of one section's content to the specified one.
4. How much data can we feasibly store in the database? Even if archiving isn't practical, what should the purging cycle be for online course content and for user accounts? Should it be based on some time after last access, or on a time period such as # of semesters or years?
5. Should we make the technical investment to develop a viable section archiving strategy and then, policies around it?


What Happens To A Person When He Transcends The Machsom?
Laitman_032_01Question: What happens to a person when he transcends the Machsom (barrier)? Does he enter a new dimension?
Answer: Yes, a person exits his egoistic intentions and enters altruistic intentions, which enables him to feel what is external to him, outside of his natural perception.
Question: What actually happens to a person?
Answer: It is the revelation of a new dimension in new attributes of love and bestowal that are above human nature that a person acquires by his efforts to connect to the friends who study the wisdom of Kabbalah with him in a group. The change that takes place in a person is actually a person's spiritual birth and the attainment of the soul.
Related Material:
In Neutral Gear
The Machsom Is A Psychological Barrier
Machsom Is A Psychological Barrier
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Babies & Hatchlings
Crested gecko babies are barely an inch in length when they hatch and their care is very similar to adults. There are just a few subtle differences in the care of crested gecko hatchlings that involve handling, enclosures, feeding and shedding. Watching them grow and become healthy, mature pets is enjoyable for many keepers.
The crested gecko hatches between 60 and 100 days. If they are exposed to lower temperatures, the hatch time will increase. This is actually beneficial to the gecko, as a longer hatch time will produce a healthier and stronger reptile. On the contrary, higher temperatures will result in a shorter incubation time and the hatchlings will be weak due to rapid development.
New Home Placement
Once the baby crested geckos hatch, they should be transferred to a small enclosure that is outfitted simply with paper towels as substrate. A few branches and plants should be placed in the enclosure to make them feel secure, but not so much to block your view or make it difficult for the hatchling to find its food.
Crested gecko hatchlings will generally not begin eating until after their first shed, which takes place 2-3 days after hatching. They are sustained on the nutrition from their yoke sack. The new gecko should be observed to make sure its first shed is complete. Misting them and their enclosure twice a day will help.
Once they have shed, crested gecko babies can be fed 1/8" crickets or the Crested Gecko Diet (CGD). To encourage them to eat, you can put a small drop of food on the gecko's nose and let them lick it off. Crickets should be gut-loaded or coated with a supplement powder to ensure that the baby gecko gets the required nutrition.
Handle With Care
Baby crested geckos should not be handled right away. This can cause them stress. They are very skittish and can quickly get away, possibly causing themselves injury. Give them one to two weeks' time to acclimate to their new surroundings and limit handling to five minutes per day. It is best to handle them while sitting so that if they jump away they will not have far to fall.
Crested gecko babies are very small and delicate. They are also very skittish and should be cared for gently. When acquiring crested gecko hatchlings, you will take much pleasure in watching them grow and become more comfortable and secure in their new environment. In four months, they will have reached their juvenile stage and can be transferred to a larger enclosure. During that time, take good care of them and watch them thrive.
Crested Gecko Baby Care
Caring for the babies is easy but requires attention to their handling, housing, proper feeding and shedding of their skin.


we can see that this relation is transitive, because if 101 is required before taking 201, and 201 is a prerequisite for 301, obviously, 101 is a prerequisite for 301. The hierarchal nature of partial order relations means that they can describe many types of workflows and process-based activities.
The value of uncovering mathematical constructs in everyday activities becomes apparent when creating software. Entire books are dedicated to algorithms and data structures, both of which are based on well-defined mathematical concepts. Therefore, if a real-world informatics problem can be mapped to a mathematical construct, then all of the math and computer science materials available for that construct can be used to solve the problem. Why reinvent the wheel?
The next post will discuss functions, one of my favorite topics.
1. Epp SS. Discrete Mathematics with Application, Fourth Edition. Belmont, CA: Thomson-Brooks/Cole; 2010
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module nbe where {- The implicational fragment of intuitionistic logic, its soundness w.r.t. Agda (via Tarski-ish semantics), and its soundness and completeness w.r.t. Kripke semantics, presented here by Tillmann Rendel. Checked with the development version of Agda, latest commit from Tue Nov 10 17:35:20 2015 +0100, commit hash 5297d70ee87c32dc7817d51f2c611eb7426cae8b. Naming convention: foo acts on a proposition. foo′ acts on a single formula. foo″ acts on multiple formulae. foo‴ is universally quantified over all models -} -- Relations Relation : Set → Set → Set₁ Relation A B = A → B → Set Reflexive : ∀ {A} → Relation A A → Set Reflexive _~_ = ∀ {x} → x ~ x Transitive : ∀ {A} → Relation A A → Set Transitive _~_ = ∀ {x y z} → x ~ y → y ~ z → x ~ z Monotone : ∀ {A} → Relation A A → (A → Set) → Set Monotone _~_ P = ∀ {x y} → x ~ y → P x → P y -- Propositions postulate Proposition : Set -- Formulas data Formula : Set where prop : Proposition → Formula _⊃_ : Formula → Formula → Formula infixr 22 _⊃_ -- Formulae data Formulae : Set where ∅ : Formulae _,_ : Formula → Formulae → Formulae infixr 21 _,_ data _≼_ : Relation Formulae Formulae where done : ∅ ≼ ∅ drop : ∀ {A Γ Δ} → Γ ≼ Δ → Γ ≼ A , Δ take : ∀ {A Γ Δ} → Γ ≼ Δ → A , Γ ≼ A , Δ ≼-reflexive : Reflexive _≼_ ≼-reflexive {∅} = done ≼-reflexive {A , Γ} = take ≼-reflexive ≼-transitive : Transitive _≼_ ≼-transitive done done = done ≼-transitive Γ≼Δ (drop Δ≼Θ) = drop (≼-transitive Γ≼Δ Δ≼Θ) ≼-transitive (drop Γ≼Δ) (take Δ≼Θ) = drop (≼-transitive Γ≼Δ Δ≼Θ) ≼-transitive (take Γ≼Δ) (take Δ≼Θ) = take (≼-transitive Γ≼Δ Δ≼Θ) data _∈_ A : Formulae → Set where this : ∀ {Γ} → A ∈ A , Γ that : ∀ {B Γ} → A ∈ Γ → A ∈ B , Γ ∈-monotone : ∀ {A} → Monotone _≼_ (A ∈_) ∈-monotone (done) () ∈-monotone (drop Γ≼Δ) i = that (∈-monotone Γ≼Δ i) ∈-monotone (take Γ≼Δ) this = this ∈-monotone (take Γ≼Δ) (that i) = that (∈-monotone Γ≼Δ i) -- Proofs data _⊢′_ : Formulae → Formula → Set where assumption : ∀ {A Γ} → A ∈ Γ → Γ ⊢′ A ⊃E : ∀ {A B Γ} → Γ ⊢′ A ⊃ B → Γ ⊢′ A → Γ ⊢′ B ⊃I : ∀ {A B Γ} → A , Γ ⊢′ B → Γ ⊢′ A ⊃ B _⊢_ : Formulae → Proposition → Set _⊢_ Γ p = Γ ⊢′ prop p data _⊢″_ (Γ : Formulae) : Formulae → Set where ∅ : Γ ⊢″ ∅ _,_ : ∀ {A Δ} → Γ ⊢′ A → Γ ⊢″ Δ → Γ ⊢″ A , Δ ⊢-monotone′ : ∀ A → Monotone _≼_ (_⊢′ A) ⊢-monotone′ A Γ≼Δ (assumption A∈Γ) = assumption (∈-monotone Γ≼Δ A∈Γ) ⊢-monotone′ B Γ≼Δ (⊃E {A} Γ⊢′A⊃B Γ⊢′A) = ⊃E (⊢-monotone′ (A ⊃ B) Γ≼Δ Γ⊢′A⊃B) (⊢-monotone′ A Γ≼Δ Γ⊢′A) ⊢-monotone′ (A ⊃ B) Γ≼Δ (⊃I A,Γ⊢′B) = ⊃I (⊢-monotone′ B (take Γ≼Δ) A,Γ⊢′B) ⊢-monotone : ∀ p → Monotone _≼_ (_⊢ p) ⊢-monotone p = ⊢-monotone′ (prop p) ⊢-monotone″ : ∀ Θ → Monotone _≼_ (_⊢″ Θ) ⊢-monotone″ ∅ Γ≼Δ ∅ = ∅ ⊢-monotone″ (A , Θ) Γ≼Δ (Γ⊢A , Γ⊢Θ) = ⊢-monotone′ A Γ≼Δ Γ⊢A , ⊢-monotone″ Θ Γ≼Δ Γ⊢Θ ≼→⊢″ : ∀ {Γ Δ} → Δ ≼ Γ → Γ ⊢″ Δ ≼→⊢″ done = ∅ ≼→⊢″ (drop Δ≼Γ) = ⊢-monotone″ _ (drop ≼-reflexive) (≼→⊢″ Δ≼Γ) ≼→⊢″ (take Δ≼Γ) = assumption this , ≼→⊢″ (drop Δ≼Γ) -- Truth à la Tarski record ⊤ : Set where constructor tt record _×_ (A B : Set) : Set where constructor _,_ field prj₁ : A prj₂ : B record Tarski : Set₁ where field _⊨_ : Proposition → Set open Tarski _⊨′_ : Tarski → Formula → Set M ⊨′ prop p = M ⊨ p M ⊨′ A ⊃ B = M ⊨′ A → M ⊨′ B _⊨″_ : Tarski → Formulae → Set M ⊨″ ∅ = ⊤ M ⊨″ A , Γ = (M ⊨′ A) × (M ⊨″ Γ) _⊨‴_ : Formulae → Formula → Set₁ Γ ⊨‴ A = ∀ {M} → M ⊨″ Γ → M ⊨′ A ∈→⊨‴ : ∀ {Γ A} → A ∈ Γ → Γ ⊨‴ A ∈→⊨‴ this (M⊧A , M⊧Γ) = M⊧A ∈→⊨‴ (that A∈Γ) (M⊧B , M⊧Γ) = ∈→⊨‴ A∈Γ M⊧Γ ⊢→⊨‴ : ∀ {Γ A} → Γ ⊢′ A → Γ ⊨‴ A ⊢→⊨‴ (assumption i) ρ = ∈→⊨‴ i ρ ⊢→⊨‴ (⊃E p q) ρ = (⊢→⊨‴ p ρ) (⊢→⊨‴ q ρ) ⊢→⊨‴ (⊃I p) ρ x = ⊢→⊨‴ p (x , ρ) -- Truth à la Kripke record Kripke : Set₁ where -- set of worlds field World : Set -- reflexive and transitive reachability field _≤_ : Relation World World field reflexive : Reflexive _≤_ field transitive : Transitive _≤_ -- forcing of propositions field _⊩_ : World → Proposition → Set field monotone : ∀ p → Monotone _≤_ (_⊩ p) -- forcing of formulae _⊩′_ : World → Formula → Set w ⊩′ prop p = w ⊩ p w ⊩′ A ⊃ B = ∀ {u} → w ≤ u → u ⊩′ A → u ⊩′ B monotone′ : ∀ A → Monotone _≤_ (_⊩′ A) monotone′ (prop p) = monotone p monotone′ (A ⊃ B) w≤u f u≤v v⊩A = f (transitive w≤u u≤v) v⊩A -- forcing of formula sets _⊩″_ : World → Formulae → Set w ⊩″ ∅ = ⊤ w ⊩″ A , Γ = (w ⊩′ A) × (w ⊩″ Γ) monotone″ : ∀ Γ → Monotone _≤_ (_⊩″ Γ) monotone″ ∅ w≤u w⊩Γ = tt monotone″ (A , Γ) w≤u (w⊩A , w⊩Γ) = monotone′ A w≤u w⊩A , monotone″ Γ w≤u w⊩Γ forces = Kripke._⊩_ forces′ = Kripke._⊩′_ forces″ = Kripke._⊩″_ syntax forces M w p = w ⊩₍ M ₎ p syntax forces′ M w A = w ⊩′₍ M ₎ A syntax forces″ M w Γ = w ⊩″₍ M ₎ Γ _⊩‴_ : Formulae → Formula → Set₁ Γ ⊩‴ A = ∀ {M w} → w ⊩″₍ M ₎ Γ → w ⊩′₍ M ₎ A -- soundness ∈→⊩‴ : ∀ {Γ A} → A ∈ Γ → Γ ⊩‴ A ∈→⊩‴ this (w⊩A , w⊩Γ) = w⊩A ∈→⊩‴ (that A∈Γ) (w⊩B , w⊩Γ) = ∈→⊩‴ A∈Γ w⊩Γ ⊢→⊩′ : ∀ Γ A → Γ ⊢′ A → Γ ⊩‴ A ⊢→⊩′ Γ A (assumption A∈Γ) w⊩Γ = ∈→⊩‴ A∈Γ w⊩Γ ⊢→⊩′ Γ B (⊃E {A} Γ⊢A⊃B Γ⊢A) {M} w⊩Γ = (⊢→⊩′ Γ (A ⊃ B) Γ⊢A⊃B w⊩Γ) (Kripke.reflexive M) (⊢→⊩′ Γ A Γ⊢A w⊩Γ) ⊢→⊩′ Γ (A ⊃ B) (⊃I A,Γ⊢B) {M} w⊩Γ w≤u w⊩A = ⊢→⊩′ (A , Γ) B A,Γ⊢B (w⊩A , (Kripke.monotone″ M Γ w≤u w⊩Γ)) -- term model terms : Kripke terms = record { World = Formulae ; _≤_ = _≼_ ; reflexive = ≼-reflexive