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Gametogenesis Eliminates Age-Induced Cellular Damage and Resets Life Span in Yeast
Author(s)Kinde, B.; Unal, Elcin; Amon, Angelika B
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Eukaryotic organisms age, yet detrimental age-associated traits are not passed on to progeny. How life span is reset from one generation to the next is not known. We show that in budding yeast resetting of life span occurs during gametogenesis. Gametes (spores) generated by aged cells show the same replicative potential as gametes generated by young cells. Age-associated damage is no longer detectable in mature gametes. Furthermore, transient induction of a transcription factor essential for later stages of gametogenesis extends the replicative life span of aged cells. Our results indicate that gamete formation brings about rejuvenation by eliminating age-induced cellular damage.
DepartmentMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Unal, E., B. Kinde, and A. Amon. "Gametogenesis Eliminates Age-Induced Cellular Damage and Resets Life Span in Yeast." Science 332, no. 6037 (June 23, 2011): 1554–1557.
Author's final manuscript


Synthesis of Salicylic Acid from Wintergreen Oil
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Experiment #04: Synthesis of Salicylic Acid from Wintergreen Oil
I. Introduction and Purpose
Until 1874 commercial salicylic acid was synthesized entirely from natural wintergreen oil. In this experiment the salicylic acid is reproduced using methyl salicylate, the major constituent of wintergreen oil and later compared to salicylic acid made from benzene. The purpose of this lab is to determine the difference between salicylic acid made from methyl salicylate and salicylic acid made from benzene comparing the melting points of the two samples.
II. Reactions and Properties
M.W.m.p.b.p.d
Methyl salicylate152.1-82231.174
Salicylic acid138.1159
III. Experimental Procedures and Results
Measure 30 ml of aqueous 6 M sodium hydroxide into the boiling flask, followed by 20.0 mmol of methyl salicylate and 2 boiling chips. Assemble condenser and start water flowing in it. Heat the mixture under reflux for 30 minutes and then, let reaction mixture cool down and transfer it to larger beaker. Slowly, add 30 ml of aqueous 3 M sulfuric acid and cool the mixture in ice water for approximate 10 minutes. Collect the salicylic acid by vacuum filtration using a small Buchner funnel, wasghing it on the filter with ice-cold water. Dry product, measure and obtain m.p. of dry product and 1:1 mix of product with salicylic acid from benzene.
Amount of methyl salicylate used: (20x10^-3) (152.1g) (ml/1.174g) » 2.5ml Melting point of salicylic acid made from methyl salicylate= 160.5 oC Melting point product mixed with salicylic acid made from benzene= 161.0 oC
IV. Observed Physical Properties of Obtained Product
The product melting point was slightly higher than the lab. Book.
V. Conclusion
After comparing the melting points from the salicylic acid made from methyl salicylate and the salicylic acid made from methyl salicylate mixed with salicylic acid made from benzene, we can conclude that they are the same.
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able to secure a sentence of only 365 days local jail time. The judge imposed a staggered sentence, whereby the client would serve 90 days each year, with the opportunity to petition the court for relief from the service of those days each year prior to the report date. the Client was also sentenced to 30 days on the in-home Intoxylizer each year for 5 years.
* If a Stay of Imposition is granted, the imposition (or pronouncement) of a prison sentence is delayed to some future date, provided that until that date the offender comply with conditions established by the court. If the offender does comply with those conditions until that date, the case is discharged, and for civil purposes (employment applications, etc.) the offender has a record of a misdemeanor rather than a felony conviction.(Minnesota Sentencing Guidelines Commission)

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


punto a groppo
punto a groppo, (Italian: "knotted lace"), ancestor of bobbin lace. It was worked in 16th-century Italy by knotting, twisting, and tying fringes, all without weights, or bobbins. Patterns were geometric, sometimes interspersed with schematic human figures. It is thought that bobbin, or pillow, lace developed when the threads came to be attached with lead weights and the design anchored on a pad, or pillow. Macramé work is a modern form of punto a groppo.


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This article describes all additional considerations that must be taken into account when deploying a K2B Audit application (i.e. an application that uses K2B Audit).
K2B Audit generates objects that should be kept away from public access. We call them "audit management objects". Audit management objects manage database triggers and may be used to understand your Data base structure, disable or enable triggers, etc. It is recommended to deploy them to a separate, non public, Web application.
Please take a look at the Deployment considerations for detailed information.
A K2B Audit application has three basic components:
- The application itself
- The audit analysis objects
- The audit management objects
There are no special considerations for deploying the application itself but to be sure it does not accidentally contain audit analysis or management objects that you do not want in it.
Audit analysis objects are used to process and query audit data. They do not change audit data but may be used to understand your application data base. They should be deployed to different web application. One having more restrictive access than the application itself. The list of main audit analysis objects follows:
Audit management objects are critical in terms of security. Having access to them may be used to understand your application data base and to start/stop auditing. They are usually not public. The list of main audit management objects follows:
- All files in K2B Audit SQL scripts directory
A K2B Audit application needs to populate K2B Audit tables with application metadata (data about the application been audited) and to define database triggers to work properly.
To populate K2B Audit tables, run K2BAudit.CreateAuditMetadataMain at the command line. Be sure the K2B Audit SQL scripts directory is accessible to this program.
There are two options to create database triggers.
The first one is to run K2BAudit.CreateAllTriggersMain at the command line. This is the easiest way but needs to be executed using a database user with sufficient privileges to perform the task. if access to such user is not available, use the second option.
The second option is to run the K2BAuditInitializationCommands.sql script using an appropriate SQL Query editor (usually part of the DBMS tool set). This is usually done by the Database Administrator.


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WELL Hosts Manual PART IX: LINKING TOPICS BETWEEN CONFERENCES
It is possible to "link" a topic from one conference to another. When this is done, the linked topic will appear in both conferences with exactly the same title and text, but with a different topic number in each conference. Users in either conference can respond to the topic, and all new responses will appear in the linked topic in both conferences. Topics can even be linked between several conferences. (As a Featured conference host, you can only link topics *into* your own conference. You cannot link topics from your conference out to conferences not hosted by you. Independent conferences do not support linking, though a Featured conference host may link an Independent topic into his or her conference with permission.)
9.1 Advantages & Disadvantages
Linking a topic presents a unique set of advantages and disadvantages to ordinary topics. The obvious advantage is that a topic which is germane to two or more conferences can appear in both or all. For example, some topics might well belong in both the Science Conference and our imaginary Mesozoic Life Conference. But some users may only frequent one of these conferences. Linking a topic between them makes the topic available to all users who visit either conference. A user who visits both conferences will see the linked topic in each conference until he/she "forgets" the topic in one or the other.
The disadvantages to linking topics are less obvious, but very important. First and foremost is the issue of a topic's compatibility between two conferences. Different conferences have different rules, expectations and userships. It's entirely possible (and, indeed, it has happened) that a topic whose subject matter appears to apply to two conferences is a poor choice for linking because the people in one conference expect the subject to be discussed in one context, and the people in the other conference expect it to be discussed in another context. Such links can lead, inadvertently, to misunderstandings between both the participants and hosts of the different conferences.
For example, the Mesozoic Life conference is full of serious discussion, scientific fact, and proven biological premise. The TV conference is a much more social atmosphere with discussions geared towards popular culture, the production aspects of broadcasting and general banter. Someone starts a topic in Mesozoic Life on National Geographic specials that the hosts then link into the tv conference. Suddenly you have a topic full of clashing dialogue between scientific fact and discussion of content, and lighthearted banter and a discussion of Barney. Though the subject applies to both conferences, the tone of each conference is significantly different and therefore makes for poor discussion on both sides.
For example, the Mesozoic Life conference is full of serious discussion, scientific fact, and proven So, careful forethought is advised for all hosts concerned before topics are linked between conferences.
9.2 Murphy's Linking Laws
Because of the potential for incompatibility between the approach of two different conferences to the same topic of discussion, it is imperative that the hosts and cohosts of the respective conferences communicate with each other and come to an agreement regarding their linking policies prior to making any links. The following rules of thumb by Dan Murphy are recommended as standard procedure for hosts wishing to link topics:
* When you link a topic from another conference, you must first obtain the permission of a host there. Cohosts in multi-host conferences should work out among themselves the protocol for how this decision is made, etc.
Hosts may waive this rule for any hosts/conferences they wish. If, for example, the hosts of the lawn conference want to give blanket permission to the hosts of the chair conference to link topics there, they may do so, allowing the hosts of chair to skip rule #1 if they see a topic they want to link. This permission may be withdrawn at any time, but until then, the hosts of lawn pretty much have to live with the results.
* If you kill a linked topic, you should leave a message in your conference administrivia or business topic to let users know this was done, as they may have forgotten the topic in another conference but wish to continue reading it there.
9.3 Technical Side-Effects of Linking
Once a topic is linked between two conferences, the ability to scribble responses in the topic is changed. Thereafter, only the original author of the post, and The WELL confteam staff can perform this action. Neither of the hosts will be able to scribble responses (other than their own). If it becomes necessary for the hosts to do so, they must contact The WELL conferencing team, who can do it for them. The hosts of both conferences should agree on the need to scribble in a linked topic before contacting the staff with such a request.
Linked topics are also immune to the host's use of the "retire" command.
The hosts in both conferences do retain, however, their abilities to kill the topic within their own conference. When a linked topic is killed in any conference, it lives on in the other conferences to which it was linked. (This little feature is a handy way for hosts to transfer topics from one conference to another: link it into the new conference then kill it in the old conference. This is also how the attic conference can store killed topics — they are linked there before killing in their place of origin.)
9.4 The Linkfrom Command (Featured Conferences Only)
Now that you know the ins and outs of linking, the actual command may be of interest. Let's say you are the host of the Mesozoic Life conference, and you want to link topic 234 of the Science conference into Mesozoic Life. You've determined who the hosts of the science conference are either by going there and typing display host, or by typing hosted science at any OK prompt, and emailed them to confirm that the link is fine. It's ok to link with permission from one host unless that host says to wait for a reply from their cohost(s) It's wise to inform all hosts of a cohosted conference since hosts may have divided up their duties or have different schedules for logging in. Here's the command (given from the OK prompt in the Mesozoic Life conference):
Both topics will then be marked as in their headers and browse lists, and you will be told the new topic numbers of the linked topic in your conference. PicoSpan will now make an automatic post logging the numbers of the topic and noting that you made the link.
That's all there is to it. Now your guests know something about how the conversation has been expanded. To see where any topic is linked, you can type linked followed by the conference name and topic number to see where a particular topic is linked. For example:
- type: linked science 234
9.5 Listing Linked Topics
This command will produce a list of conferences and topic numbers (without their corresponding titles) for each topic in that conference that is linked. For example, for the words conference, the output of linked words might look like this:
- science.404 words.1041
- archives.208 health.444 medroll.260 words.413
- cbooks.104 media.892 oldsoft.187 software.139 words.1008
- flying.142 words.794
- eff.546 words.902
- … etc.


The next graph shows how you map the other points on the unit circle.
In[354]:=p2=Show[ParametricPlot[{Cos[t], Sin[t]},{t,0,2Pi},DisplayFunction->Identity],ParametricPlot[{rho Cos[theta],rho Sin[theta]},
{x,0,2 Pi},DisplayFunction->Identity],
 PlotRange->All,
 DisplayFunction->$DisplayFunction,
 AspectRatio->1
];
In[355]:=Show[p1,p2,AspectRatio->1];
The lack of symmetry is attributed to the poor performance of the circular interpolation functions in general. This will become clear when these shape functions are plotted.
Two-Dimensional Circular Elements
You calculate shape functions for an annulus domain by taking the cross product of those for a one-dimensional element and a circular element. In this example, the radii of the master elements are 1 unit and 2 units, respectively.
In[356]:=pon1=Map[{#,1.}&,pnodes];
pon2=Map[{#,2.}&,pnodes];
In[358]:=elp=ElementPlot[{Map[{Cos[ #[[1]] ] #[[2]],Sin[ #[[1]] ] #[[2]]}&,pon2],Map[{Cos[ #[[1]] ] #[[2]],Sin[ #[[1]] ] #[[2]]}&,pon1]},
 PlotRange->{{-3,3},{-3,3}},
 Axes->True,
 AspectRatio->1];
In[359]:=Show[ParametricPlot[{Cos[t], Sin[t]},{t,0,2Pi},DisplayFunction->Identity],
ParametricPlot[{2Cos[t], 2Sin[t]},{t,0,2Pi},DisplayFunction->Identity],
elp,
DisplayFunction->$DisplayFunction,
PlotRange->2.5{{-1,1},{-1,1}},
AspectRatio->1];
This calculates the shape functions for this concentric shape.
In[360]:=sf5=CircularElement[pnodes,tco];
sR=HermiteElement1D[{1,2},0,rco];
ce=Transpose[sR].{sf5};
Equivalently, you can use the function ConcentricElement2D.
In[363]:=ce2=ConcentricElement2D[{pnodes,{1,2}},{rco,tco}];
In[364]:=Map[ce/.{rco->2., tco-># }&, pnodes]//Chop
Out[364]=
In[365]:=Map[ce2/.{rco->2., tco-># }&, pnodes]//Chop
Out[365]=
Now rotate the outer circle of the annulus by Pi/10 and generate the mapping functions accordingly.
In[366]:=n=6;
In[367]:=po1={{0,1.},{ Pi/2,1.},{Pi,1.},{5Pi/4,1.},{7Pi/4,1.0},{2Pi,1.}};
In[368]:=po2={{0,2},{Pi/2,2. },{Pi,2.},{5Pi/4,2.},{7Pi/4,2.},{2Pi,2.}};
In[369]:=po2=Map[{#[[1]]+Pi/10,#[[2]]}&,po2];
In[370]:=rho1=Sum[ce[[1]][[i]] po1[[i]][[2]],{i,1,n}]//N;
rho2=Sum[ce[[2]][[i]] po2[[i]][[2]],{i,1,n}]//N;
In[372]:=theta1=Sum[ce[[1]][[i]] po1[[i]][[1]],{i,1,n}]//N;
theta2=Sum[ce[[2]][[i]] po2[[i]][[1]],{i,1,n}]//N;
In[374]:=Clear[rho, theta, rco, tco];
In[375]:=rho[tco_,rco_]=rho1+rho2;
theta[tco_,rco_]=theta1+theta2;
In[377]:=ElementPlot[{Map[{Cos[#[[1]]]#[[2]],Sin[#[[1]]]#[[2]]}&,po2],Map[{Cos[#[[1]]]#[[2]],Sin[#[[1]]] #[[2]]}&,po1]},
 PlotRange->All,
 Axes->True];
Original Mesh
In this example, you create a mesh for the annulus with 10 radial nodal points and 4 axial nodal points.
In[378]:=n1=10;
n2=4;
In[380]:=nds=Table[{i+(j-1) n1,i + (j-1) n1 +1,i+1+j n1,
i+j n1 },
{i,1,n1-1},
{j,1,n2-1}];
In[381]:=ins=Map[{#[[1]],#[[4]]}&,nds[[1]] ];
outs=Map[{#[[2]],#[[3]]}&,Last[nds] ];
gapc=
Table[
Flatten[{outs[[i]][[1]],ins[[i]],outs[[i]][[2]]}],
{i,1,Length[outs]}
];
In[384]:=conCir=Partition[Flatten[{nds,gapc}],4];
In[385]:=r1=1;
r2=3;
dtheta=2Pi/n1;
dr=(r2-r1)/(n2-1);
In[389]:=nodesRT=
Partition[
Flatten[
Table[{ (i-1)dtheta, r1+(j-1) dr},
{j,1,n2},
{i,1,n1}]
],
2]//N;
In[390]:=MeshPlot[Map[{#[[2]] Cos[#[[1]]],#[[2]] Sin[#[[1]]]}&,nodesRT],
(k=0;Map[{++k,#}&,conCir]),
 PlotRange->All,
 AspectRatio->1,
 Axes->True];
Mapped Mesh
Now apply the obtained mappings to the nodes of this rectangular mesh.
In[391]:=newRT=Map[{theta[##]&@@#,rho[##]&@@#}&,nodesRT];
nnds=Map[{#[[2]] Cos[#[[1]]],#[[2]] Sin[#[[1]]]}&,newRT];
ncon=(k=0;Map[{++k,#}&,conCir]);
In[394]:=MeshPlot[nnds,ncon,
 PlotRange->All,
 AspectRatio->1,
 Axes->True];
Triangular Elements
Repeat the same procedure with the triangular elements.
In[395]:=n1=10;
n2=4;
In[397]:=nds=Table[{{i+(j-1) n1,i + (j-1) n1 +1,i+1+j n1},
{i+(j-1) n1,i+j n1,i


3 Steps to Create a Project Contract
By | February 2, 2021
3 Steps to Create a Project Contract
Every application, programming, and even a basic job starts with an idea. However, there are several steps between the inception and starting the development of that idea. Most important among the proceedings to fulfill a project is the project contract establishment. However, a process exists between the first meeting with the client and the signing of the contract. Read on to know more.
The importance of project contract
So, why bother going through the whole nine yards of writing and enforcing a contract for any project? The reason is simple; to keep the client and the company providing the job on the same page. As mentioned earlier, the essential details are mentioned in the project contract, but it may change depending upon the need of the client, company, or the project. Some of the other benefits provided by a project contract can be listed as;
 - Alignment of expectations
It is important to know the expectations and the requirements of the client, along with the provisions and services provided by the company. The project contract ensures the alignment of the requirements and the targets of the project between the company and the client.
 - Specifying the needed details
The project contract specifies the details of the working relationship between the client and the company with all the required details. For example, the contract can stipulate the time limit of delivery of any project or the correct time to pay the money. These specifications help in building the roadmap of the whole project.
 - Protection of the business
A written legal contract provides a sense of security to the clients and the company. In any case, if either of them refrains or become unsuccessful in fulfilling a condition, the other party can take legal action against them. After both parties have understood and signed the document, the contract becomes officially mandatory. With a legally binding document supporting the project contract, each of the parties has a solid reason to fulfill the terms and conditions set for the job and protect their rights in official and legal matters.
Creating a project contract
A project contract is made after the client and the service provider party agrees upon the conditions and other required points. Usually, the legal representative of each of the parties will review the conditions, change some of them if necessary, and then present it to their respective clients for final signature. The intermediate steps occurring between these events can be divided into three distinct periods. The three steps of creating a project contract can be given as;
 1. Establishment of the fundamentals
The first step of creating a project contract is to specify the basics of the job being offered. Let us discuss this taking the development of an app as an example. Usually, the client's concern will provide the content and the concept to the service provider. After that, the question of selecting the platform will come, whether it should be android, iOS, web, or any other. Besides, the management requirements of the contents and the vision and goal for the near future will also have to be discussed.
The features of this app and the technical feasibility and options provided will also be a topic of discussion. Lastly, the timeline of the project will have to be selected, whether it is a stringent one or flexible; so that the steps to be taken in such cases could be decided beforehand.
Just like the example mentioned above, any project contract will have to touch upon the several pointers mentioned above. The factors governing the project contract may change, however, the overall arrangement shall remain the same.
 1. Defining the scope
After hashing out the basics of the contact, comes the establishment of the scope of the project. Let us extend the example of the app development mentioned earlier. After the establishment of a high-level idea together, the client and the provider parties will have to go into the details and make a scope document. What would be the features of this document? It will explain and underline every feature of the app, including any back-end content management system and incorporation job. Essentially, it is an itemized list of the functions the app would include and the labor, both physical and digitalit would need to complete the project.
Again, this principle would be feasible on any service and its related project contract. All the clients and the service provider need to get cleared about should be scoped out properly and the project contract should be designed likewise.
 1. Cost and phase determination
After the establishment of defined project scope, each of the items on the lines of the project contract is a point to reimbursement of the costs. There would be fixed proposals of costs based on an estimation of labor required for the project, along with a consolidated amount for the total project.
In this context, the job would be needed to be broken into different phases, especially logical divisions that direct the commencing of work. However, this may or may not be driven by the budget. The service provider company can design a product with the most basic features before improving, adding, launching, or testing before adding more features. This is called a Minimum Viable Product (MVP) which can be used as the template for a functional product. Depending upon the client, the project can be phased or prepared with all the features discussed. Accordingly, the project contract is prepared which outlines all the feasible requirements of the client (agreed upon by the service provider), the time, and the total cost of the project.
Including every detail
More than a document filled with important legal guidelines, a project contract outlines the essential details like the range of the project, deliverables, reimbursement, timeline, and other emergencies. These guidelines and their execution determine the running of the business and the ways to protect it if any problems arise in the course. So, the inclusion of all the required features and their conditions in detail would be helpful in the long run.
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This dissertation reports three studies about what it means for teachers and students to reason with frames of reference: to conceptualize a reference frame, to coordinate multiple frames of reference, and to combine multiple frames of reference. Each paper expands on the previous one to illustrate and utilize the construct of frame of reference. The first paper is a theory paper that introduces the mental actions involved in reasoning with frames of reference.
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- Doctoral Dissertation Mathematics 2019


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The following error prevents me from running simulation:
# ** Fatal: (vsim-3471) Slice range (35 downto 32) does not belong to the prefix index range (31 downto 0).
# Time: 0 ns Iteration: 0 Process: /block_level_tb/cpri_wrapper_top_master/cpri_reuse_inst_inst_cpri_jb_inst_wrapper_jb_ram_inst_jb_ram_mram_jb_ram/
ramb18sdp_inst/safe_mode/prcs_clk File: C:/Xilinx/10.1/ISE/vhdl/src/unisims/unisim_VITAL.vhd
# Fatal error in Process prcs_clk at C:/Xilinx/10.1/ISE/vhdl/src/unisims/unisim_VITAL.vhd line 152747
What does the error come from and how can I resolve it?
The error is possibly caused by an undesired width of initial value assigned to the RAM component in the code either by inference or instantiation.
For example, if RAMB36 is instantiated, it is expected to have any 36-bit value for INIT_A and INIT_B in order that output of each port (DO & DOP) can obtain appropriate initial value bits. If the value you specified is less than 36-bit, you can encounter this error in simulation.
The error can also occur if using the Simple Dual Port RAM macro (BRAM_SDP_MACRO) with different read and write port widths which is not supported.
Please refer to the libraries guide or user guide for allowed values of INIT attribute.


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Here's how to say the Hogwarts houses in other languages
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By Emma Beswick
Here's how to say the Hogwarts houses in other languages
Text size Aa Aa
The Harry Potter franchise is a global sensation and the books have been translated from British English into around 73 languages.
While some translators have stayed true to the original English spelling and pronunciation, others have changed the names of characters and places for their audience.
The Hogwarts houses, named after the four founders of the school of witchcraft and wizardry, are at the core of the books and films.
In the English versions, the four houses are called Gryffindor, Ravenclaw, Hufflepuff and Slytherin, and while their pronunciations may vary, these names have been kept in the Portuguese, German, Spanish and Turkish translations.
Despite using a different alphabet, the Arabic and Greek translations keep the same pronunciation of all the Hogwarts houses, with "Gryffindor" written غودريك غريفندور and Γκρίφιντορ, but pronounced the same as in English.
Italian, French, Welsh and Hungarian have completely changed some of the houses to make their onomatopoeic quality more obvious for their audience.
"Slytherin" became "Serpentard" in French and in Welsh, translators went for the descriptive "Slaffenog".
"Hufflepuff", the house represented by a badger, became "Tassorosso" in Italian, "Poufsouffle" in French and "Wfftiwff" in Welsh.


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- To measure effects of reducing salt content on the food matrix structure in relation to food quality emphasizing texture and sensorial properties.
- To develop methods for shelf-life prediction in products with reduced salt and strategies (e.g. hurdle technology, salt substitutes) to maintain food shelf-life.
- To identify industrial process and technological changes needed to ensure acceptable quality and shelf-life of low-salt products.
- To develop decision models to facilitate optimal choice of profitable production technology.
- Knowledge based production of second generation low salt products.
The main focus in this project is to address and solve the main technological and economical challenges related to texture and shelf life of fish and meat products with reduced salt levels, in order to meet health recommendations from the authorities and to secure important consumer benefits.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


How to take tilt-shift photographs
Romain Trystram
If you've ever seen a video or photo of a large object that, for some strange reason, appears to be a picture of a small scale model, there's a good chance it was made using tilt-shift photography. The technique works by photographing an object with the lens out of line with the sensor or film. This allows for a different focal distance at various points in the photo. It's an impressive technique, but can require expensive lenses.
Fortunately, Bhautik Joshi, who "couldn't justify the cost" of one such lens, decided to take matters into his own hands. His website,, lists four ways to make one, as well as more info on how this technique works. We'll focus on his "Plungercam Mini" design, as it's simple to make.
 1. Gather the parts
 You'll need a camera body that's capable of changing lenses and an old 35mm lens you don't mind damaging. You'll also need a camera-body cap, a 5cm pipe coupling, and a 5cm turnkey hose clamp.
 Finding the correct materials will be the trickiest part of the project -- try a hardware shop.
 2. Assemble the tilt mechanism
 Remove the lens back. Cut a piece of the coupling to the length of your unaltered lens, then drill out the centre of the body cap to fit the pipe. Slide the altered body cap into one side of the coupling section. Slide your altered lens into the other end of the coupling. The length of the assembly should be close to what the lens was before alteration to keep the lens's focal distance correct. Place the hose clamp over the coupling near the lens, then tighten it. Screw the body cap on to your camera to form your new lens fixture.
 3. Focus, tilt, then refocus
 Bhautik suggests you "form a sharp image of something near, then adjust the focus on to a far object while holding the lens still."
 Now, try to get two objects in focus that are separated by some distance. The same technique works for shooting video.


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One of the inspirations for the painting was this 1897 painting of Laelaps by Charles Knight (_PHONE_). Knight was one of the founding figures of paleoart, working more than a century ago.
He started out by drawing living animals at the zoo, then studied animal anatomy and worked at the American Museum of Natural History. Despite obstacles like vision problems, he went on to paint many murals and illustrations reconstructing extinct life forms. His work has influenced several generations of artists and filmmakers throughout the 20th century.
Charles R. Knight: The Artist Who Saw Through Time
Charles Knight on Wikipedia
Previously: Lost Continent video


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The purpose of this guide is to help growers and agronomists interpret conventional 'chemical' soil tests and identify soil chemical constraints for commercial vegetable production in Australia.
This resource can be used to guide site specific decisions on nutrition management. It does NOT provide prescriptive information on how much of a certain nutrient or fertiliser to apply to various vegetable crops. A recipe approach is not recommended because results in crop performance would be unreliable.
A soil test, combined with a visual soil assessment, and knowledge about paddock history and production plans, provides a sound basis for a nutrition program. A conventional soil test can provide some information about biological and physical soil properties. While a complete soil condition assessment covers physical, biological and chemical soil properties of the topsoil and subsoil.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The Cerean Mystics were an organization of Force-sensitive Cereans from Cerea that followed the Force's will. The Hierarch of Cerea, the leader of the planet, was also the leader of the organization, as the hierarch had to be Force-sensitive. The organization was formed in 6500 BTE, by the renowned Si'a Tiar, who, according to legend, single-handedly fought off the Jedi Order in their attempt to conquer the planet.
The Mystics' relationship with the Jedi Order has not improved much, but some Cereans are still admitted into the Jedi Order if they do not wish to join the Mystics. A makeshift alliance was formed between the Cereans and the Bahk-tov Council of Bardotta, in an attempt to create a rival faction to the Jedi, however the Jedi managed to defeat the two organizations in the War of the Six Orders—between the Jedi, Cerean Mystics, Bahk-tov Council, Ordu Aspectu, Frangawl Cult and the Indonai Imperium.
- The Orders of the Force (First appearance)
Notes and references
- The Orders of the Force


But what the Yonces and thousands of other peach growers still don't know is this: How does a peach know when the cold winter weather is over and it is time to grow?
"It's an interesting phenomenon," Clemson plant biologist Doug Bielenberg said. "These plants count the cold hours and days. If it gets warm for a bit, they stop, and then they pick up counting where they left off."
"The weather controls our destiny, basically," said Yonce, who has been growing peaches for four decades. The family business is J.W. Yonce & Sons farm, founded by his grandfather in 1932 in Edgefield County.
The fruit was perfect for the area. Winter nights are cold enough for the chemical reactions that make peaches sweet, but not cold enough to kill the fruit as it grows. Peaches later need warm to hot weather for the fruit to mature. That's why the Georgia joins California and South Carolina as the nation's leading peach-producing states.
Research from Clemson and the University of Georgia has helped up farmers considerably over the years. One of the Yonce farm's best-sellers is a peach, developed through years of breeding, that doesn't need as many chill hours so it ripens in May, but has the color, texture and sweetness of peaches that used to not hit the market until July.
Yonce takes his knife and cuts open a bloom. The tiny fleck inside is black. That flower would yield no peach, but Yonce wouldn't have known until after the pruning.
"Growing peaches is like legalized gambling," he said.
And that's something that science will likely never be able to change.
Follow Collins at


Producer Consumer Thread Race Conditions
Recently, on StackOverFlow.com, a question was asked about why java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue use while loops instead of if around calls to await(). The accepted answer was that it was due to spurious wakeups. I strongly disagree with this answer and instead believe that it is due to bad programming around race conditions. This is an all too common problem with producer/consumer models from threaded/reentrant applications. See the wikipedia section on it.
I'm not saying that spurious wakeups aren't an issue and the while protects against them as well, but the incidence rate of them is 3-4 orders of magnitude less than the race conditions described here. As you can see running the following Java code, you can get the race conditions to happen extremely reliably.
The Problem
In producer/comsumer applications you have threads which are producing some items and threads which are consuming the items and working on them. This can be a website with servlet threads queueing up aynchronous database requests, a thread reading lines from a file and queueing up work that needs to be done on each line, etc..
Typically you have some sort of blocking queue so that when a producer has a item, it adds it to the end of the queue, possible blocking if the queue has too many items in it already. The consumer, when it needs a new item, gets from the front of the queue, possibly blocking if the queue is empty. It is the fact that both sides are blocking and need to signal the other side is where the complexity and confusion originate.
In the code listed at the bottom of the page, the consumer locks the lock and tests whether the items list is empty. If it is empty then it waits until a producer signals the hasItems condition. However, when an item is added to the list, and the condition is signaled, the consumer goes to re-lock the lock and may end up behind another consumer waiting for the same lock. That other comsumer will get the lock first and de-queue the item that the first consumer was signaled for. This race to the dequeue is why what we call a race condition and it is the real source of the problem.
The Race
race condition
Here is a more specific enumeration of the race condition. It shows the interaction of 2 consumer threads (getter-A and getter-C) a single producer thread (putter-B).
 1. getter A is waiting for there to be items in the queue (line #31)
 2. putter B locks the lock (line #54)
 3. getter C finishes the last item, calls get(), tries to lock the lock, waits for B to unlock (line #25)
 4. putter B adds an item into the queue and signals that there is an item there (line #72)
 5. getter A is awoken and tries to lock the lock, has to wait for B to unlock (after line #31)
 6. putter B unlocks (line #74)
 7. getter C is ahead of getter A waiting for lock so it is given the lock first (line #25)
 8. getter C dequeues the item that getter A was notified for (!!), and then unlocks (line #48)
 9. getter A is finally able to lock, goes forward and calls remove on an empty list (line #40)
The race is between getter A and C on who is able to get the lock first to dequeue the new item. The race condition would be solved by changing lines 26 and 51 from if statements to while statements. Once getter A gets the lock it would check again to see if items is empty and would go back to waiting if C had already dequeued. The producer would also check again to see if the list is at capacity.
This is the real problem with many producer/comsumer models instead of spurious wakeups which I'm sure do happen but not nearly as frequently. As an interesting historical note, I had submit corrections to the original O'Reilly Pthreads book which suffered from the same problems -- errata had to be issued and a new version published.
Other Reading
Sample Code
Click to download sample code.


text:
The Ministerial Decree of 28 Dec.2012 (the so-called "Renewable Energy for Heating & Cooling Support Scheme") implemented Legislative Decree no. 28 of 3 Mar. 2011 on a scheme of support for small-scale projects of energy efficiency improvement and production of thermal energy from renewables.
Gestore dei Servizi Energetici-GSE S.p.A. is the body in charge of implementing and managing the scheme, as well as of awarding financial incentives.
Eligible projects concern: energy efficiency improvements in existing building envelopes (thermal insulation of walls, roofs and floors, replacement of doors, windows and shutters, installation of solar screens); replacement of existing systems for winter heating with more efficient ones (condensing boilers); replacement and, in some cases, construction of new renewable-energy systems (heat pumps, biomass boilers, heaters and fireplaces, solar thermal systems, including those based on the solar cooling technology).
The new decree also introduces – subject to specific requirements – incentives for energy auditing and energy certification associated with the above projects.
The support is granted on the basis of the type of project and on the improvement of the energy performance of the building which may be achieved and/or on the energy which may be produced by renewable-energy systems. The incentive (contribution to the costs incurred for the project) will be paid in yearly instalments over a variable support period (2 to 5 years), depending on the projects.


text:
Inyo County COVID-19 Update: 01/13/2023
!! CLOSURE ALERT !!
The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) will be permanently closing the Bishop COVID-19 testing site at the Tri-County Fairgrounds on Sunday, January 22, 2023 due to low utilization.
The Lone Pine COVID-19 testing site was permanently closed on 12/09/2022.
For more information about testing and test-to-treat, please read below.
Inyo County is currently in the MEDIUM transmission level of the CDC's COVID-19 Community Index.
The Inyo County Public Health team continues to monitor levels of several respiratory illnesses circulating through our community, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Influenza, and COVID-19. The spread throughout the community has slowed but will continue to impact community health through the winter months. The Public Health team is working closely with healthcare providers to monitor activity and minimize stresses on resources.
Communities across the nation are still encountering an over-the-counter shortage of medications that help reduce fevers.
For more information and guidance, download our Fever Reduction Guidance
[PDF – English] or [PDF – Spanish]
As respiratory virus activity continues, Inyo County Public Health encourages individuals to take the following preventative measures:
- Five-step prevention measures that are proven to reduce the spread of respiratory viruses:
- Washing hands frequently and thoroughly with soap and warm water or hand sanitizer.
- Coughing or sneezing into your elbow or arm.
- Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth.
- Wear a mask – An effective mask has both good fit and good filtration. Learn more about effective mask wearing here: [English] or [Spanish].
- Stay home when sick!
- Additional prevention measures that are strongly encouraged to help stop the spread of respiratory viruses include getting vaccinated. Everyone 6 months and older are eligible to get an Influenza (Flu) Vaccine and the COVID-19 primary series/bivalent booster vaccines. Vaccines reduce the risk of illness, hospitalization, and death.
- All vaccines take 10 to 14 days to reach full efficacy.
- The influenza vaccine and the COVID-19 vaccines may be co-administered.
- Influenza and COVID-19 Vaccines are available through most healthcare providers:
Plan ahead and keep at-home COVID-19 tests on-hand. If you need COVID-19 tests, the resources below are available:
- Order FREE at-home tests through USPS & COVID.gov
- At-Home Tests through select HHS Services: At-home tests are available at no-costs through Public Health Clinic services, WIC program services, the Tecopa Community Center, Employment & Eligibility locations, and the Senior Centers. – while supplies last –
- Insurance Reimbursement for At-Home Tests: If you have health insurance through an employer or Marketplace, your insurance will pay you back for 8 at-home tests each month for each person on your plan. Contact your health insurance company to learn how to request reimbursement.
- At-Home Tests at Retailers and Pharmacies: At-home tests are available for sale around the U.S. Check with local retailers and pharmacies to see where at-home tests are available.
FREE testing is available in Bishop until January 18, 2023:
**CLOSED on Monday 01/16/2023 for the Martin Luther King Jr. Holiday – The Testing site will be OPEN one final day Wednesday, January 18, 2023.
COVID-19 & Flu Testing
– Tallman Pavilion –
475 Sierra Street, Bishop CA 93514
8:00 am to 4:00 pm (Closed for Lunch: Noon to 1:00 pm)
COVID-19 Treatment and Telehealth
If you're feeling sick or have tested positive for COVID-19, one of the safest ways to find out what medical care you may need is by phone or video while staying at home. This is called "telehealth."
If a telehealth provider determines that you should receive prescription medication for COVID-19 treatment, they can send a prescription to your local pharmacy or help you get a prescription filled through the mail.
California's are able to connect with a health care provider same day for a no-cost one-time telehealth visit with Sesame Care.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major effect on our lives. You may feel anxious, stressed, worried, sad, depressed, lonely or frustrated because of it. You are not alone.
Regardless of your insurance coverage, you can get access to emotional support through mental health and substance use hotlines, crisis lines, and other emotional support via phone are available.
Resources for Emotional Support and Well-Being
- For the Suicide Prevention Lifeline, call 800‑273‑8255 or text 838255
- For the Domestic Violence Hotline, 800‑799‑7233 or click Chat Now
- Call 911 if you or the person you are helping is in immediate danger.
(From Inyo County Public Health)


You are here:
Step 1: Map your value chain
Send to a friend
Identify the focus of your assessment and gather data to help you draw up a value chain map.
The mapping process will provide a holistic view of your entire value chain. This requires identifying multiple factors, such as where your suppliers get their materials (your upstream value chain), how your product or service is purchased, and what happens when your customers have finished using it (your downstream value chain).
Step 1 will provide you with visual and/or data driven diagrams and images that summarise your value chain and will allow you to assess risks and opportunities in Step 2.
 Action Points
 - Identify areas of focus
 Start by looking at areas of high risk (e.g. stakeholder concern around labour related issues in manufacturing or reliance on petrochemical derived materials), major spend or the most critical issues or products.
 - Define your scope and stay within it
 Decide which area to focus on and what within this area should be included in this mapping exercise and what should be excluded. Some great examples of scope are seen in our case studies and exemplars:
 - Toyota chose to focus on its energy use within New Zealand.
 - Wellington Zoo mapped the value chain of two of its critical animal feeds.
 - Ideas Shop mapped its communications service.
 - New Zealand Post mapped the value chain of its staff uniforms.
 - Visualise your value chain
 Build a rough value chain using visual and data-driven diagrams and images (see template).
 - Gather data
 If required gather and collate data to help define issues and opportunities. Use of a Life Cycle Assessment at this stage can provide robust environmental data if this is required.
 - Test assumptions
 Test the assumptions about your value chain with staff and external parties (such as suppliers, NGOs and peers). A workshop is a useful forum to facilitate discussion.
 - What is required?
 Explore what is required to produce your product or service. Listing these down on the value chain diagram template can be useful:
 - What raw materials are used to make your product – list these down, how are the sourced, by who, and where are they sourced from?
 - Where, how and by who are the materials processed and what's involved?
 - Where, how and by who is your product manufactured?
 - How is it bought?
 - Where or how do you purchase materials, products or services?
 - Who supplies your suppliers?
 - Where or how do your customers buy your product or service?
 - How is your product or service used?
 Think about how your customers use your product or service. Does it require other resource use e.g. water, fuel or electricity, will it require regular maintenance?
 - What happens once it's finished?
 What do your customers do with your product or service once they have finished using it, or parts of it? Does it have further value e.g. is it reused or recycled?
 - How is it moved?
 How is your product or service transported throughout each value chain stage? E.g. how does it get from manufacturers to consumers?
 Tools & Resources


text:
Synonyms for Common Comfrey: Blackroot, boneset, bruisewort, comfrey, consound, knitback, knitbone, slippery root
Scientific Name: Symphytum officinale L.
Family: Boraginaceae (borage family)
This plant likes the wet. From May to September dense clusters of its flowers, usually reddish violet, more rarely whitish yellow, adorn damp meadows and the banks of streams. The opening flowers unfold one after the other like the tips of fern fronds. Common comfrey grows from a thick, juicy rootstock and its shoots can reach a metre in height. The root is black on the outside and white inside. Comfrey is easily recognisable by its drooping, bell-shaped flowers with their long, protruding pistils, as well as by its bristly hairs which resemble those of the related borage. The lanceolate leaves taper towards the stem. The stalks of the upper leaves grow along the stem like wings, each reaching down to the leaf below.


text:
Fayetteville, North Carolina, is a city located in the southeastern part of the state, situated along the Cape Fear River. Positioned at approximately 35.0527° N latitude and 78.8784° W longitude, Fayetteville experiences a humid subtropical climate, characterized by four distinct seasons with relatively mild winters, warm to hot summers, and moderate precipitation throughout the year. The city's climate is influenced by its inland location and its position in the southeastern United States. See citiesplustowns for a full list of cities in North Carolina.
Summer: Summers in Fayetteville are warm to hot, with average high temperatures ranging from the mid-80s to the low 90s Fahrenheit (29-35°C). The summer season typically spans from June through August. July is usually the warmest month, with average high temperatures around 92°F (33°C). The humidity levels can be relatively high during the summer, contributing to the perception of warmth.
Summer evenings in Fayetteville are generally mild, with nighttime temperatures dropping into the 60s and 70s Fahrenheit (16-24°C). The longer daylight hours provide ample time for outdoor activities, and residents often take advantage of parks, recreational areas, and community events during the warmer months.
Thunderstorms are common during the summer months, and they can bring heavy rainfall, thunder, and lightning. These storms often provide relief from the heat and contribute to the overall precipitation in the region.
Fall: Fall is a transitional and pleasant season in Fayetteville, marked by a gradual decrease in temperatures and changing colors in the landscape. It typically spans from September to November. Daytime high temperatures in September are still relatively warm, ranging from the mid-80s to the low 90s Fahrenheit (29-35°C). As the season progresses, temperatures gradually decrease, with highs in the 70s and 80s Fahrenheit (21-29°C) in October and November.
Nights become cooler in the fall, with temperatures ranging from the 40s to 60s Fahrenheit (4-16°C). The changing colors of deciduous trees and the gradual shift in temperatures make fall an attractive season in Fayetteville. Outdoor activities, such as hiking and exploring the nearby natural areas, are popular during this time.
Winter: Winters in Fayetteville are generally mild, with daytime high temperatures ranging from the mid-40s to the low 50s Fahrenheit (7-13°C). The winter season typically extends from December through February. January is usually the coldest month, with average high temperatures around 50°F (10°C) and lows around 30°F (-1°C).
While snowfall is infrequent, Fayetteville may experience occasional light snow or sleet during the winter months. The city receives an average of about 1-2 inches (2.5-5 cm) of snow annually. Nights in winter are cool, with temperatures often dropping into the 20s and 30s Fahrenheit (-6 to 1°C).
Winter weather is generally manageable, and residents do not face the extreme cold temperatures or heavy snowfall that are characteristic of more northern regions. The city is equipped to handle any winter precipitation, and road maintenance is sufficient to keep the city running smoothly.
Spring: Spring is a season of renewal in Fayetteville, marked by the blossoming of flowers and the return of milder temperatures. It usually spans from March to May. Daytime high temperatures in March can range from the mid-50s to the low 60s Fahrenheit (13-18°C). As spring progresses, temperatures warm up, with highs in the 60s and 70s Fahrenheit (16-24°C) in April and May.
Nights become milder in the spring, with temperatures ranging from the 30s to 50s Fahrenheit (1-13°C). Spring is a transitional period, and residents often witness the emergence of greenery, flowering trees, and the return of migratory birds. Outdoor activities become more popular as the weather becomes more inviting.
Overall Climate Characteristics: Fayetteville's climate is classified as humid subtropical, characterized by four distinct seasons with relatively mild winters and warm to hot summers. The city is situated inland, away from the moderating influence of large bodies of water, which contributes to greater temperature variations between seasons compared to coastal areas.
The overall annual precipitation in Fayetteville is moderate, with a relatively even distribution throughout the year. The city receives an average of about 48 inches (122 cm) of precipitation annually. The combination of moderate precipitation and warm temperatures supports a diverse range of vegetation and ecosystems in the region.
Fayetteville is not prone to the direct impact of hurricanes as much as coastal areas, but the region can experience indirect effects such as heavy rainfall and occasional wind associated with tropical systems that make landfall along the nearby coast. Residents typically stay informed about hurricane forecasts and preparedness measures during the hurricane season.
Conclusion: Fayetteville, North Carolina, experiences a humid subtropical climate with four distinct seasons. The city's geographic location in the southeastern part of the state, away from the coast, contributes to the unique weather patterns observed in the region. Residents and visitors to Fayetteville can enjoy a variety of outdoor activities throughout the year, from the warmth of summer to the milder temperatures and changing colors of fall and spring. The city's climate brings a mix of seasonal experiences, making Fayetteville an inviting place to live or visit.


Skip to definition.
Noun: medlar tree
 1. Small deciduous Eurasian tree cultivated for its fruit that resemble crab apples
 - medlar, Mespilus germanica
Derived forms: medlar trees
Type of: fruit tree
Part of: genus Mespilus, Mespilus
Encyclopedia: Medlar tree


text:
Solution to MIU puzzle:
Count the number of I's in a theorem, it seems it is never 0,
in fact it is never a multiple of 3. This may mean that
MIII can never evolve into MU.
(1) # of I's is 1 to start with!= multiple of 3.
(2) Rules 1 and 4 do not affect I Count.
(3) Rule 3 diminishes I count by 3 exactly
= only create a multiple of 3 if already a multiple of 3.
Rule 2 doubles I count
if 2n is multiple of 3
then n must be multiple.
Therefore I count cannot be a multiple of 3.
Therefore MIII --> MU is not possible.
Therefore cannot get an I count of 0.
And hence MU is not in system.


Italianate Style
historic view of Fort Mason commanding officer's residence
Fort Mason's commanding officer's residence, constructed in 1877 in the Italianate style.
History of the Style
The Italianate style, most prevalent in America between the 1850s and the 1880s, was inspired by rambling, informal Italian farmhouses and Italian-style villa architecture. The Italianate style placed an emphasis on the vertical orientation of the building, as if someone was pulling the top of the building up, and as if the building was made of putty, as it stretched upwards, the windows and door frames became narrower and attenuated. The dominant characteristic of the Italianate style was the low, overhanging roof with decorative eave brackets; there was often much decorative detail applied to the building just at the roof line. The windows were accentuated with thick, decorative hoods and the front entrances were often highlighted with a tower, a cupola or a projecting porch.
Italianate buildings were more playful and decorative than the earlier Greek Revival buildings and their floor plans designs were often asymmetrical. This style's popularity spread quickly across the country, partially as a result of newly-available building pattern books. These books, once considered too costly to reproduce, were now less expensive so families and builders alike could use them as reference manuals in designing their own buildings.
Italianate buildings at Golden Gate
While the civilian Italianate buildings in San Francisco were often wildly colorful and ornately decorated, the army's version of Italianate represented a more restrained and paired-down style. In both cases at the park - the Fort Mason Officers' Club and the Presidio Sutler's Buildingthe buildings were unique and not constructed from the standard army quartermaster plans. These two buildings were also originally constructed as residences and were both located in a highly visible part of their post.
The Fort Mason Officers' Club (Building 1), located on Franklin Street at Fort Mason, was originally built as the post's commanding officers' residence in 1877. This Italianate building has a hipped roof that extends past the buildings sides, with wooden decorated brackets. The windows are long and narrow and are outlined on all sides with thick moldings.
The Presidio Sutler's Building (Building 116) was built in 1885 as both a store and residence for the post's sutler, the man who sold goods and supplies to the soldiers. This building, located on Sheridan Road, has a hipped roof with a central, pedimented (triangular) element, decorative frieze under the roof line and a series of double pairs of multi-paned windows with decorative moldings. The building's design emphasizes its verticality.
(Return to the Guide of Architectural Styles at Golden Gate).
Fort Mason Officers' Quarters
The Italianate elements of the Fort Mason Officers' Club:
1. Overhanging roof with decorative eave brackets
2. Thick, decorative window moldings
3. Decorative frieze band at 2nd floor level
4. Projecting wood-frame "porte cochere" (car port)
historic photo of the Presidio sutlers building
This circa 1938 photo of the Presidio Sutler's Building shows the building's original Italianate features and the style's emphasis on verticality.
Did You Know?


The Methods Behind the "Oil-Slick" Craze
What is Oil Slick?
The "oil-slick" finish is achieved with the application of a iridescent titanium coating. This coating displays different shades of green, yellow, blue, and purple. The oil-slick finish can only be achieved using high-cost machinery and extensive manufacturing processes. The oil slick finish will never fade away on parts with the exception of the braking surface of the oil slick brake rotors. The braking surface makes contact with the brake pads inhibiting the color change but the rest of the brake rotor will always remain oil slick! The finish will never fade away because it is an anodized titanium layer applied to the part which is extremely durable against the elements due to its material properties.
How is it Made?
The titanium oxide layer on the surface is transparent and of varying thickness, so part of the light bounces off the top of the titanium oxide coating and part bounces off the bottom, causing thin film interference.
Thin Film Interference
Titanium is applied to the alloy part with a PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) process.
Next, the coloration is done by anodizing the titanium to varying thicknesses by controlling the immersion depth, time and voltage applied.
Aluminum Anodization Bath
 The specific manufacturing processes to achieve the "oil-slick" finish is not readily available to the general public. Engineers and scientists have invested years of research into developing this process.
Example Parts


text:
Save us! 12-year-old urges Jamaicans to give hope to the children
She has not yet entered her teen years, but Alexia Blake is well aware of the dangers facing Jamaican children.
"Children need to have hope. What hope can we have if all we know is violence at home, school and in the society in which we live?" declared the 12-year-old as she addressed the recent children's day celebration of the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Falmouth, Trelawny.
"Parents in particular must be wise in the care and protection of their children; and if children have proper home training, they will not be found on the streets or anywhere else for that matter.
"Train your children to be true to God under all circumstances and in all places," added Alexia.
She called on all Jamaicans to provide a safer society for children.
"If you fail to choose a proper society for your children and allow them to associate with persons of questionable morals, you place your children at risk," said Alexia.
The Falmouth Preparatory School student received a resounding amen from the worshippers who participated in the function which was held under the theme 'Heaven-bound children on a mission for the Lord'.
She argued that children must be taught that every organ of the body and every faculty of the mind is the gift of a good and wise God, and that each is to be used to His glory.
Work to do
Alexia was supported by Rachel Pyne, the education and children's ministries director for the North Jamaica Conference.
"As parents and adults we have work to do in protecting our children and to provide a warm, loving environment so that they can grow up into stable adulthood," said Pyne.
"The times in which we live are serious, and based on what we see and hear about our children being abused and misused, we must take a stand and fight these horrific crimes right where we are.
"We must continue to do our part to end abuse by reporting them, and as parents, whether the abuse is caused by you, another family member, friend or stranger - act now! Get help or report the cases. The well-being of our children is important, for our future and our country's safety."


Planning the Engineering Design of a Food Processing Facility
July 2017
Introduction
Engineering design and construction of a food processing facility requires a great deal of planning. Information must be collected from many sources and combined into documents that are simple to read and share with others. Planning sessions should not involve persons that represent all aspects of facility activity. Examples are production, maintenance, supervision, sales, accounting, receiving, warehousing, distribution, human resources, management, engineering, research and development, key suppliers (products and services), government agencies, and consultants. Consultants include engineers, lawyers, insurance providers, and other specialists that may not be regularly employed by the company. For large projects, it is recommended to hold scheduled planning sessions at a convenient location that is free from distractions. It is often desirable to obtain and unrelated, third party to lead and moderate planning sessions in order to retain objectivity and purpose. An agenda should be drafted for each planning sessions.
This fact sheet lists many of the elements to consider when designing food-processing plants. Since each situation is unique, some elements will not apply and some important elements may need to be added. Relevant elements can form the basis for a planning session agenda. Elements listed are not in any particular order of importance and emphasize engineering design (not economics, marketing, logistics and other necessary inputs). Lists of design considerations are given under four headings.
 - Facility
 - Process
 - Product
 - Other
The "Other" list contains miscellaneous elements and items that can be classified in multiple categories. Where useful examples and a brief explanation of the desired input are given. For a more detailed explanation of an engineering approach to facility design for food processing, please call the author for a copy of the Oklahoma State University circular E-959, Process Engineering Method for Food and Agricultural Products.
Facility
 1. Site selection: Identify the best location(s) for the facility, considering the following factors.
 - Economic development assistance – grants or other support offered to new businesses
 - Flexibility
 - Expansion
 - Utilities availability
 - Maintenance
 - Sanitation
 - Access
 - Environmental impact
 - Zoning laws
 - Permit requirements
 - Parking for employees and delivery vehicles
 1. Existing or proposed facility size (square feet)
 - Designate size of dedicated areas (storage, cooler, processing, packing, etc.)
 - Provide a plan view of the proposed facilities layout (a scaled drawing is not necessary if dimensions are included)
 - Estimate expansions requirements (show on drawing)
 1. Provide a budget estimate for the cost of the facility
 2. Utilities: Identify source(s) and cost to provide utility service as shown in table 1. Review the impact of variable demand charges (if any) and limitations on quantity (e.g. BOD of discharge to treatment system). Consider including meters that can record utility usage to provide data for improving operating efficiency.
 3. List code and permit requirements (local, state, federal and international)
 4. Type of construction (steel frame, concrete, panel, pre-packaged, etc.)
 5. Overhead clearance available or required in designated areas (especially processing)
 6. Description of access requirements to facility and dimensions of openings
 7. Flooring, walls and ceiling in wash down and special use areas
 8. Floor drains in wash-down and process areas
 9. Type (drop-down, floor, or wall) and number of utilities connections (electric, steam, water, air, etc.) in process areas.
 10. Refrigerated storage requirement (square feet or amount of products/materials/pallets) for proper handling, rotation and placement of goods
 - Temperature
 - Raw materials (ingredients)
 - Finished product
 - Rework
 - Long-term storage requirements for seasonal goods
 - Stack height
 1. Strategy for grouping separate refrigerated areas to maximize energy efficiency, materials handling requirements, and expansion of needs
 2. Ambient temperature storage requirement (square feet or amount of products/materials/pallets)
 - Raw materials (ingredients)
 - Finished product
 - Packaging materials
 - Rework
 - Long-term storage for seasonal products (estimate)
 - Incoming materials inspection and storage
 - Wall clearance and inspection lane requirements
 - Stack height
 - Develop a strategy for grouping separate storage areas to maximize materials handling requirements and expansion needs
 1. Employee service facilities requirements
 - Drinking water fountains
 - Toilet and lavatory facilities
 - Change rooms
 - Training or classroom
 - Retiring room
 - First aid
 - Food service
 1. All warehousing and storage areas
 - Incoming materials inspection and storage
 - Truck and railcar parking and sanitation facilities
 - Wall clearance and inspection lane requirements
 - Protective guard posts for walls, doors, and equipment
 1. Cleaning and Sanitation
 - Layout
 - Materials handling
 - Grease trap location
 - Building exterior
 - Floors and drains
 - Walls and ceilings
 - Ventilation
 - Lighting
 - Pest proofing
 - Surface treatments and coatings
 - Truck and railcar sanitation
 - Wastewater pretreatment
 - Secondary and tertiary wastewater treatment systems
 1. Process electrical equipment rating (wash-down, dust proof, explosion proof, etc.)
 2. Electrical switchgear and motor control room location
 3. Emergency Power: Indicate the amount (square feet or percentage of area) and temperature of refrigerated warehouse or facility area to be protected by an emergency power source, if any.
 4. Parking and access
 - Delivery trucks
 - Truck drivers lounge
 - Railcar
 - Employee
 - Special designation (inspector, visitor, customer, etc.)
Table 1. Utility source, availability, capacity, fee, and rate
UtilitySource
(provide contact name and phone number)
Hook-up Fee
(maximum)
CapacityRate
ElectrickW$/kW
Natural Gastherm$/therm
Watergal.$/1,000 gal.
Sewagegal.$/1,000 gal.
Solid wasteN/A$/cubic yard
Other
Process
 1. Describe the value-added products to be processed. An example is provided in table 2. Include future requirements.
 2. Process organization and flow
 - Materials flow (product, waste, rework, packaging, ingredients and intermediates) and storage
 - Personnel flow
 - Data collection and manipulation
 1. Provide recipes and examples of product/packaging materials if available
 2. Regulatory requirements for products (local, state, federal and international)
 3. Describe the level of process automation desired for the facility (e.g. manual, semi-automated, or fully automated)
 4. Describe the level of packaging automation desired for the facility (e.g. manual, semi-automated, or fully automated)
 5. Describe the carton or case requirements for products
 6. Describe the image desired for the facility (e.g. state-of-the-are, modern or utility)
 7. Provide a budget estimate for capital equipment expense
 8. Is used equipment acceptable/desired? If so, state any specific areas in the process where used equipment is unacceptable
 9. How will ingredients or raw materials be delivered to the facility (delivery size, pallet or container size, stacking specifications, temperature, frequency, supply capability, and plans for handling)?
 10. How will packaging materials be delivered to the facility (delivery size, frequency, pallet dimensions, stacking specifications, case size and plans for handling)?
 11. How will finished goods leave the facility (frequency, pallet requirements, wrapping, coding, and handling requirement)?
 12. Technology
 - Process equipment
 - Materials handling (pneumatic conveying, bucket elevators, augers, conveyors, gravity slide, etc.)
 - Control systems for process and environment (degree of automation)
 - Quality assurance (in-house systems)
 - Research and development
 1. Expansion capability and space availability
 2. Flexibility (changeovers, seasonal packs or products, and future upgrades)
 3. Reliability of equipment (lifetime requirement)
 4. Waste treatment, handling, disposal, and recovery
 5. Sanitation standards
 - Housekeeping
 - Raw materials handling and storage
 - Processed and finished product handling and storage
 - Waste handling procedures
 - Current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMPs)
 1. Sanitary facilities
 - Cleaning and sanitizing
 - Methods required
 - Systems needed
 1. Personnel safety
 2. Environmental safety
 3. Product and process safety
 - Metal detection
 - Line magnets and strainers
 - cGMPs
Table 2. Description of product, production rate and package
 Production Rate
ProductMinMaxPackage
Example I: 1 cc capsule of pure emu oil (red or green)250 caps/min500 caps/min250, 500 and 1,000 caps.
Plastic bottle with cotton insert and shrink band
Example II: 1cc capsule of pure emu oil (red or green)500 caps/minn
phase II
1,000 caps/min
phase III
Same as example I
Example 111: 5cc capsule of emu oil and aloe (blue and brown)250 caps/min500 caps/minMini 50 count and Jumbo 5,000 plastic bottle with heat-activated foil seal
Product
Describe the value-added products to be processed as shown in table 2. Describe the physical properties of ingredients, intermediate and final product(s) (include or forecast ingredients in future plans). Intermediate products may be important in cases where physical properties of the intermediate are unique when compared to the ingredients and final product. Examples of descriptive terms follow:
 1. Common name of ingredient, source or specification
 2. Density (weight per volume)
 3. Corrosive nature
 4. Viscosity (indicate temperature or range of temperatures)
 5. Sensitivity to air
 6. Sensitivity to temperature
 7. Sensitivity to moisture
 8. Sensitivity to materials (contact)
 9. Requirement for agitation or mixing
 10. Dustiness
 11. Flammability
 12. Volatility
 13. Reactivity
 14. Bridging
 15. Abrasive nature
 16. Toxicity
 17. Freezing point
 18. Boiling point
 19. Rheology
 20. Particle size
 21. Stiffness
 22. Thermal conductivity
 23. Electrical conductivity
 24. Specific heat
Other design considerations
Food and Drug Administration, United States Department of Agriculture, or


tfp.stats.log_loomean_exp
View source on GitHub
Computes the log-leave-one-out-mean of exp(logx).
tfp.stats.log_loomean_exp(
 logx,
 axis,
 keepdims=False,
 name=None
)
Args:
 - logx: Floating-type Tensor representing log(x) where x is some positive value.
 - axis: The dimensions to sum across. If None (the default), reduces all dimensions. Must be in the range [-rank(logx), rank(logx)]. Default value: None (i.e., reduce over all dims).
 - keepdims: If true, retains reduced dimensions with length 1. Default value: False (i.e., keep all dims in log_mean_x).
 - name: Python str name prefixed to Ops created by this function. Default value: None (i.e., "log_loomean_exp").
Returns:
 - log_loomean_exp: Tensor with same shape and dtype as logx representing the natural-log of the mean of exp(logx) except that the element logx[i] is removed.
 - log_mean_x: logx.dtype Tensor corresponding to the natural-log of the arithmetic mean of x. Has reduced shape of logx (per axis and keepdims).


text:
London's Heathrow Airport has saved more than 130 million liters of water annually using General Electric's water treatment technologies, GE says, adding that its technologies also saved the UK's largest airport $310,000 in a year.
Thirty-nine cooling towers across four terminals at the airport were treated with GE's corrosion inhibitor, cooling and chemical treatment technologies. After 12 months, the airport saved the equivalent of 5 percent of total site water usage.
In recognition of its water usage reductions, GE awarded Heathrow Airport with an Ecomaginaton award, given to top industrial customers to recognize their environmental and economic performance.
In addition to helping Heathrow save money and water, GE's Ecomagination line of products and services drives profits for GE, representing about 30 percent of the company's total sales in 2014. Ecomagination products have generated more than $200 billion in revenues since GE started the program 10 years ago.
At Heathrow, the airport's cooling towers were monitored in real time, and the data was analyzed with GE's InSight knowledge management system and TrueSense for Cooling remote monitoring and diagnostics platforms. The Industrial Internet technologies enable the precise dosing of chemicals in the right quantity. They also allowed the airport to continuously monitor the system, thus ensuring system performance, cost optimization and improved efficiency.
Previously, the 39 cooling towers were treated with ozone, which restricted the cooling towers to only two cycles. After using GE's water treatment chemicals and technologis, Heathrow Airport was able to reduce make-up water demand by increasing cooling tower cycles from two to five, which led to a increase in water efficiency and clean water.
In March — on World Water Day — in the US, GE participated in a White House summit to discuss water saving strategies and technologies, at which major businesses pledged to invest more than $1 billion over the next decade to conduct research and development into new water management technologies. This includes $500 million from GE, focusing on advanced water, wastewater and reuse technologies.


locations, and that is who I now believe is in the photograph with his wife, Laura Gertrude's mother.
So the man sitting on the chair in the photo above is William John Isaacs who was in the Wiltshire Constabulary from c1881 to 1907. This has been confirmed in a reply from the History Centre to PB: "William Isaac Police number 172 born 1851 at West Cholderton entered the force in 1874 and served to 1902." In the censuses he was at Ludgershall 1881, Tinhead 1891, and Edington 1901. Coincidentally he shared the same police collar number as William Fred 'Farmer' Brown of the Metropolitan Police and Chitterne.
More about the new findings on Farmer Brown in a forthcoming blog.
Church Organ
The Willis Organ in Chitterne Church
The Willis organ in Chitterne Church has recently been tuned, cleaned and updated by an organ-builder who was trained by the original designer of the instrument.
Our organ was built in 1968 for Laleham Abbey Convent, Middlesex. The secondhand organ was offered to Chitterne Church in 1993, installed, and dedicated on 26 February 1995 by the then Bishop of Ramsbury, the Rt Rev Peter Vaughan.
This Willis Junior Development Plan Organ was designed by Henry Willis 4, the fourth Henry of the Willis family of organ builders. I know very little about organs so here I will quote AC who carried out the recent work and let him explain what the name means:
" "Junior" because they (the organs) were designed by Henry Willis, 4, who was then Junior to his father who was running the firm up until 1968. "Development Plan" because they were a series of models which started as a one manual organ with two stops and no pedals, and could be developed in stages to a two manual organ, a little larger than the Chitterne instrument, as and when funds became available. The Willis nameplate on the console IV-LVII denotes Henry Willis, 4, then the Opus Number. Opus 57 started as a one manual and pedal instrument. It gained the Swell organ, which I worked on in the early 1980s. "
Members of the Willis family of organ builders
The Chitterne Willis organ has been updated with a computer that enables recordings to be made. The recordings can be used at future services when no organist is available. I have heard a recording of AC playing the instrument and it sounded beautiful.
War Memorial 100
Field Marshall Viscount Allenby
On Sunday 28th August 1920 Field Marshall Viscount Allenby unveiled the Chitterne War Memorial to the fallen, and servicemen who had served, in the First World War. Field Marshall Allenby, who had taken command of the British Forces in Palestine in the war, was seen as a great hero at the time.
Edmund Allenby's connection to Chitterne was through his sister Faith who lived at Chitterne House with her husband Vice-Admiral Charles Lionel Napier.
Newly erected Chitterne War Memorial (sorry about the quality of the photo)
Ashley Returns, Alan's Farewell, Time Passes
A bizarre juxtaposition of events happened yesterday.
Alan working with metal in his workshop 2016
Abdon Close Centenary
1950s postcard of Council Houses showing footpath in front of the houses
1950s photo showing the access footpath from Townsend
Scots pipers on the road in Abdon Close September 1987
How We Were in 1988
1988 railings
1988 sportsfield
1988 pitts cottage
1988 back road
1988 stables
1988 arch cottages
1988 bridge cottage
1988 garage
Gassing in the Church
church pre war memorial


The Career Diversity Five Skills
The Career Diversity Five Skills were first identified in focus groups of historians with PhDs who found careers beyond traditional academia—five things they hadn't learned in grad school but that they found they needed in order to succeed beyond the academy. These five skills are also essential to succeeding as professors. They are:
 1. COMMUNICATION, in a variety of media and to a variety of audiences
 2. COLLABORATION, especially with people who might not share your worldview
 3. QUANTITATIVE LITERACY: a basic ability to understand and communicate information presented in quantitative form, i.e., understanding that numbers tell a story the same way words, images, and artifacts do
 4. INTELLECTUAL SELF-CONFIDENCE: the ability to work beyond subject matter expertise, to be nimble and imaginative in projects and plans
 5. DIGITAL LITERACY: a basic familiarity with digital tools and platforms
This guide presents an introduction to each skill—adapted from posts originally published on AHA Today in Spring 2016—as well as a list of AHA-produced resources that can help develop an understanding of that skill. The resources include blog posts, Perspectives on History articles, video resources, and more.
Many thanks to our blog authors for their thoughts and to Lindsey Martin, Mellon career development officer at the University of Chicago, who compiled and annotated these resources.


text:
So far, Optimize offers the following features:
- Show created Reports, Dashboards and Collections.
- Consolidate all important information by grouping several Reports together in a Dashboard.
- Process Analysis
- Explore, discover and get insights into your processes that otherwise would be hidden.
- Decision Analysis
- Explore, discover and get insights into your decisions that otherwise would be hidden.
- Get a notification as soon as your system is behaving in an unexpected manner.
- Event Based Processes
- Create and analyse reports backed by ingested events
- Export and Import
- Export and import Optimize entities.
- Enter you license to get full access to Optimize.
- Get an overview about the connection status of the engine, elasticsearch and the Optimize version.


(Sweden)
 Davidek Pavel
 2018-03-01
 Full Text Available The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS exercise on maximum paddling force (PF and self-reported pain perception in the shoulder girdle area in flatwater kayakers. Twenty male flatwater kayakers from a local club (age = 21.9 ± 2.4 years, body height = 185.1 ± 7.9 cm, body mass = 83.9 ± 9.1 kg were randomly assigned to the intervention or control groups. During the 6-week study, subjects from both groups performed standard off-season training. Additionally, the intervention group engaged in a DNS-based core stabilization exercise program (quadruped exercise, side sitting exercise, sitting exercise and squat exercise after each standard training session. Using a kayak ergometer, the maximum PF stroke was measured four times during the six weeks. All subjects completed the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH questionnaire before and after the 6-week interval to evaluate subjective pain perception in the shoulder girdle area. Initially, no significant differences in maximum PF and the DASH questionnaire were identified between the two groups. Repeated measures analysis of variance indicated that the experimental group improved significantly compared to the control group on maximum PF (p = .004; Cohen's d = .85, but not on the DASH questionnaire score (p = .731 during the study. Integration of DNS with traditional flatwater kayak training may significantly increase maximum PF, but may not affect pain perception to the same extent.
 2. Reducing Resistance
 DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
 Lindell, Johanna
 care may influence decisions on antibiotic use. Based on video-and audio recordings of physician-patient consultations it is investigated how treatment recommendations are presented, can be changed, are forecast and explained, and finally, how they seemingly meet resistance and how this resistance......Antibiotic resistance is a growing public health problem both nationally and internationally, and efficient strategies are needed to reduce unnecessary use. This dissertation presents four research studies, which examine how communication between general practitioners and patients in Danish primary...... is responded to.The first study in the dissertation suggests that treatment recommendations on antibiotics are often done in a way that encourages patient acceptance. In extension of this, the second study of the dissertation examines a case, where acceptance of such a recommendation is changed into a shared...
 3. Understanding the Role of Reservoir Size on Probable Maximum Precipitation
 Science.gov (United States)
 Woldemichael, A. T.; Hossain, F.
 2011-12-01
 This study addresses the question 'Does surface area of an artificial reservoir matter in the estimation of probable maximum precipitation (PMP) for an impounded basin?' The motivation of the study was based on the notion that the stationarity assumption that is implicit in the PMP for dam design can be undermined in the post-dam era due to an enhancement of extreme precipitation patterns by an artificial reservoir. In addition, the study lays the foundation for use of regional atmospheric models as one way to perform life cycle assessment for planned or existing dams to formulate best management practices. The American River Watershed (ARW) with the Folsom dam at the confluence of the American River was selected as the study region and the Dec-Jan 1996-97 storm event was selected for the study period. The numerical atmospheric model used for the study was the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). First, the numerical modeling system, RAMS, was calibrated and validated with selected station and spatially interpolated precipitation data. Best combinations of parameterization schemes in RAMS were accordingly selected. Second, to mimic the standard method of PMP estimation by moisture maximization technique, relative humidity terms in the model were raised to 100% from ground up to the 500mb level. The obtained model-based maximum 72-hr precipitation values were named extreme precipitation (EP) as a distinction from the PMPs obtained by the standard methods. Third, six hypothetical reservoir size scenarios ranging from no-dam (all-dry) to the reservoir submerging half of basin were established to test the influence of reservoir size variation on EP. For the case of the ARW, our study clearly demonstrated that the assumption of stationarity that is implicit the traditional estimation of PMP can be rendered invalid to a large part due to the very presence of the artificial reservoir. Cloud tracking procedures performed on the basin also give indication of the
 4. Leaf Dynamics of Panicum maximum under Future Climatic Changes.
 Science.gov (United States)
 Britto de Assis Prado, Carlos Henrique; Haik Guedes de Camargo-Bortolin, Lívia; Castro, Érique; Martinez, Carlos Alberto
 2016-01-01
 Panicum maximum Jacq. 'Mombaça' (C4) was grown in field conditions with sufficient water and nutrients to examine the effects of warming and elevated CO2 concentrations during the winter. Plants were exposed to either the ambient temperature and regular atmospheric CO2 (Control); elevated CO2 (600 ppm, eC); canopy warming (+2°C above regular canopy temperature, eT); or elevated CO2 and canopy warming (eC+eT). The temperatures and CO2 in the field were controlled by temperature free-air controlled enhancement (T-FACE) and mini free-air CO2 enrichment (miniFACE) facilities. The most green, expanding, and expanded leaves and the highest leaf appearance rate (LAR, leaves day(-1)) and leaf elongation rate (LER, cm day(-1)) were observed under eT. Leaf area and leaf biomass were higher in the eT and eC+eT treatments. The higher LER and LAR without significant differences in the number of senescent leaves could explain why tillers had higher foliage area and leaf biomass in the eT treatment. The eC treatment had the lowest LER and the fewest expanded and green leaves, similar to Control. The inhibitory effect of eC on foliage development in winter was indicated by the fewer green, expanded, and expanding leaves under eC+eT than eT. The stimulatory and inhibitory effects of the eT and eC treatments, respectively, on foliage raised and lowered, respectively, the foliar nitrogen concentration. The inhibition of foliage by eC was confirmed by the eC treatment having the lowest leaf/stem biomass ratio and by the change in leaf biomass-area relationships from linear or exponential growth to rectangular hyperbolic growth under eC. Besides, eC+eT had a synergist effect, speeding up leaf maturation. Therefore, with sufficient water and nutrients in winter, the inhibitory effect of elevated CO2 on foliage could be partially offset by elevated temperatures and relatively high P. maximum foliage production could be achieved under future climatic change.
 5. Productivity response of calcareous nannoplankton to Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (ETM2
 Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
 M. Dedert
 2012-05-01
 % increase in Sr/Ca above the cyclic background conditions as measured by ion probe in dominating genera may result from a slightly elevated productivity during ETM2. This high productivity phase is probably the result of enhanced nutrient supply either from land or from upwelling. The ion probe results show that calcareous nannoplankton productivity was not reduced by environmental conditions accompanying ETM2 at Site 1265, but imply an overall sustained productivity and potentially a small productivity increase during the extreme climatic conditions of ETM2 in this portion of the South Atlantic. However, in the open oceanic setting of Site 1209, a significant decrease in dominant genera Sr/Ca is observed, indicating reduced productivity.
 6. The power and robustness of maximum LOD score statistics.
 Science.gov (United States)
 Yoo, Y J; Mendell, N R
 2008-07-01
 The maximum LOD score statistic is extremely powerful for gene mapping when calculated using the correct genetic parameter value. When the mode of genetic transmission is unknown, the maximum of the LOD scores obtained using several genetic parameter values is reported. This latter statistic requires higher critical value than the maximum LOD score statistic calculated from a single genetic parameter value. In this paper, we compare the power of maximum LOD scores based on three fixed sets of genetic parameter values with the power of the LOD score obtained after maximizing over the entire range of genetic parameter values. We simulate family data under nine generating models. For generating models with non-zero phenocopy rates, LOD scores maximized over the entire range of genetic parameters yielded greater power than maximum LOD scores for fixed sets of parameter values with zero phenocopy rates. No maximum LOD score was consistently more powerful than the others for generating models with a zero phenocopy rate. The power loss of the LOD score maximized over the entire range of genetic parameters, relative to the maximum LOD score calculated using the correct genetic parameter value, appeared to be robust to the generating models.
 7. Efficient Photovoltaic System Maximum Power Point Tracking Using a New Technique
 Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
 Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian
 2016-03-01
 Full Text Available Partial shading is an unavoidable condition which significantly reduces the efficiency and stability of a photovoltaic (PV system. When partial shading occurs the system has multiple-peak output power characteristics. In order to track the global maximum power point (GMPP within an appropriate period a reliable technique is required. Conventional techniques such as hill climbing and perturbation and observation (P&O are inadequate in tracking the GM


text:
November 2, 2008
Still Working Hard, Still Falling Short
Many American families, despite working hard, earn incomes too low to achieve economic security. Still Working Hard, Still Falling Short, a follow-up to a 2004 report, found that an additional 350,000 working families were low-income in 2006 compared to 2002.
Written by the Working Poor Families Project and funded in part by the Casey Foundation, the new report analyzes U.S. Census data and concludes that more than one out of four working families with children is low-income, and a total of 42 million adults and children struggle to get by.
Learn more from the Working Poor Families Project or download the report.


text:
When working in Microsoft Word, you've probably seen two different kinds of text with lines through it (commonly called a "strikethrough"). Red text with a red line through it happens when you delete text while the collaborative Track Changes feature is on. Black text with a black line just has special character formatting applied. Here's how it works.
Why Would You Want to Strike Through Text, Anyway?
It's a good question. Why cross out words when you can just delete them? When you're tracking changes in Word so that you can collaborate with other people, keeping that deleted text visible, but struck through, lets them know what has changed. They can even review those changes and accept or deny them.
We have a full guide on keeping track of changes made to a Word document, so we're not going to cover all that in this article. It's a good read, though, if you're collaborating on a document.
Instead, we're going to focus on how to apply strikethrough character formatting and why you might want to.
So, why bother? Well, you might be collaborating with someone and not want to use the Track Changes feature. Maybe they don't use Word or Microsoft Office, and you're sending it to them to view in Google Docs, or as a PDF they can print out.
Either way, you can strike through text as a suggestion that it be deleted, but leave it in place for them to see. This is particularly useful in a situation where, for example, you're tutoring a student in a subject like a foreign language. It's much easier for the student to learn if they can go back and see the mistakes along with the corrections.
Some writers also use strikethrough text (and
occasionally often overuse it) to show a change of thinking in a document. Or maybe you just want to be annoying funny.
Whatever the reason, we're here to show you how to do it.
How to Apply Strikethrough Formatting to Text
Applying strikethrough formatting is pretty easy. Start by selecting the text you want to strike through. You can do this by clicking and dragging over the text (or just double-clicking a word), but when you do this, Word likes to select the space after the text, as well. If you don't want that to happen, click to place your insertion point at the beginning of the text, and then Shift-click at the end of the text for a more precise selection.
If you want to get fancy and select multiple words spread out through the document at the same time, you can do that, too. Select the first bit of text the regular way, and then hold down the Ctrl key while selecting additional text in different places. We suggest only doing this a paragraph at a time because it's frustrating when you accidentally let go of the Ctrl key and have to start over.
When you have your text selected, look on the "Home" tab of Word's Ribbon. In the "Font" group, click the Strikethrough button (it's the three letters with a line drawn through them).
Now, any text you had selected should be struck through.
You can also apply strikethrough formatting using the Font window. Select your text, and then press Ctrl+D on Windows or Cmd+d on Mac to open that window up. Here, you can select not only the regular "Strikethrough" option but a "Double Strikethrough" option if you want to go that way, instead. Make your selection, and then click the "OK" button.
Make Things Easier By Creating a Keyboard Shortcut
Microsoft Word has loads of keyboard shortcuts, including a bunch for applying formatting. Unfortunately, there's no built-in shortcut for applying strikethrough formatting. If it's something you do a lot, though, you can create your own key combo.
Start by opening that Font window back up. Now, press Ctrl+Alt+Plus on Windows (you might have to use the Plus key on your number pad). Your cursor should very briefly turn into a clover shape. After that happens, click the "Strikethrough" option and a Customize Keyboard window should open.
Here, you can assign your preferred keyboard combo by clicking once in the "Press New Shortcut Key" box and then pressing the keys you want to use. If the combination you choose already has a shortcut function, Word will let you know that it's currently assigned to something else. You can, of course, still use it even if it's assigned to something else, but it's better to try to find a combination that doesn't have any current functions. We find Ctrl+Alt+- (minus) is pretty easy to remember and doesn't have any other use in Word.
Press the "Assign" button, and then go back to your Word doc and try it out.
Now you have your customized strikethrough shortcut!