text:
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) and Singapore Maritime Institute (SMI) have launched a report that outlines how companies can use alternative fuels to power their ships. This will help them meet the International Maritime Organisation's (IMO) long-term greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets of at least 50 per cent, compared to the levels in 2008.
Completed last month, the 12-month study covers the technological, environmental and economic considerations in adopting alternative fuels. It evaluates the characteristics of four fuels, namely, liquefied natural gas (LNG), methanol, biodiesel, and hydrogen, and outlines ways to incorporate them into existing ship systems.
It also provides information on fuel performance, and the various technologies and infrastructure required to process and store them, such as energy converters and fuel storage platforms for liquid fuels at either room or cryogenic temperatures.
The report "Alternative Fuels for International Shipping" was launched today through an online webinar session led by Dr Prapisala Thepsithar, author of the study who shared the key findings with close to 150 maritime industry leaders and professionals.
"To date, worldwide research and development have been focusing on the technology for the alternative fuel application onboard ships", said Dr Thepsithar, who is a Research Lead at NTU's Maritime Energy & Sustainable Development (MESD) Centre of Excellence. "The aim of our study is to help shipping companies better understand alternative fuel technologies and how they can be incorporated into the overall value-chain."
Funded and supported by SMI, the study maps out potential pathways and energy mix in using alternative fuels, giving realistic timelines and ways to overcome technological barriers to reduce overall GHG emissions.
The study also provides short-, medium- and long-term measures, for shipping companies to overcome challenges in incorporating alternative fuels into their value chain.
Dr Sanjay C. Kuttan, Executive Director of the Singapore Maritime Insitute, said, "As climate change is an existential challenge and the maritime industry has declared its ambition to be part of the solution and not the hindrance, it is timely for this study report to be made available to the industry. We hope that this report will help the maritime ecosystem align with the adoption of the most effective decarbonisation pathway(s) that will justify the expected large infrastructure investment."
Professor Louis Phee, Dean of NTU's College of Engineering, said, "This report comes at an important time amid rising energy demands and environmental concerns about carbon emissions and global warming, with international bodies taking action. It provides comprehensive information to encourage shipping companies to adopt cleaner fuels and set sail towards greener seas and bluer skies. The report also reflects NTU's close-knit industry relations, as it is supported by the Singapore Maritime Institute, a valued partner of the university who jointly set-up MESD Centre of Excellence to nurture future maritime leaders."
Er. Tham Wai Wah, Chief Sustainability Officer and Senior Director, Engineering and Project Management, Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore, said, "Singapore supports the IMO2050 ambition to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping by at least 50% compared to levels in 2008. We recognise that the Maritime Singapore research partners play an important role in providing insights into the viable options for our industry to meet these goals. Through this report, we hope that the shipping companies will gain better clarity of the various fuel options available and find suitable fuel diversification solutions."
The 'Alternative Fuels for International Shipping' report is publicly available at NTU's MESD website
Jacqueline Goh (Ms)
Senior Manager, Outreach and Corporate Communications
Singapore Maritime Institute
Nur Amin Shah (Mr)
Manager, Media Relations
Corporate Communications Office
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
About the Singapore Maritime Institute (SMI)
The Singapore Maritime Institute (SMI) is a joint effort by the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA), the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and the Singapore Economic Development Board (EDB).
Established in April 2011, the SMI develops strategies and programmes to achieve its mission with key focus areas in sectors such as port, shipping and maritime services. The SMI charts the maritime research strategy and promotes greater industry-academia R&D collaborations to be undertaken in Singapore.
As a whole-of-Government approach, the agencies work together in initiatives driven through the SMI. The formation of the SMI will strengthen Singapore's research manpower and capabilities as a global maritime knowledge hub to enhance the overall positioning and competitiveness of the maritime industry.
For more information, please visit _URL_.
About Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
A research-intensive public university, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) has 33,000 undergraduate and postgraduate students in the Engineering, Business, Science, Humanities, Arts, & Social Sciences, and Graduate colleges. It also has a medical school, the Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, set up jointly with Imperial College London.
NTU is also home to world-class autonomous institutes – the National Institute of Education, S Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Earth Observatory of Singapore, and Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering – and various leading research centres such as the Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute (NEWRI) and Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N).
Ranked 11th in the world, NTU has been placed the world's top young university for the past six years. The University's main campus is frequently listed among the Top 15 most beautiful university campuses in the world and it has 57 Green Mark-certified (equivalent to LEED-certified) building projects, of which 95% are certified Green Mark Platinum. Apart from its main campus, NTU also has a campus in Novena, Singapore's healthcare district.
For more information, visit _URL_


text:
By Chad Ingram
Demand for locally produced food far outweighs its production.
That finding is part of a recently completed community food assessment results of which were presented to Haliburton County councillors by Highlands East homesteader Andrew von Zuben during a March 23 meeting.
"I want to take this opportunity to get people to see food as a renewable resource" von Zuben told the room adding that agriculture is one of the quickest-growing sectors in the community. "A good healthy food system is good for our environment."
The assessment included research about the county's agricultural past and present as well as interviews with farmers restaurateurs and grocery store owners.
"Demand for local food far exceeds current production levels" von Zuben said. "We need to have that cultural food to match up with the new tourists we want in our community."
Culinary attractions along with outdoors adventure and arts and culture is one of the three pillars of Haliburton County's tourism strategy.
A researcher and database consultant were hired surveying more than 50 food businesses or programs and mapping all food access in the community.
"People are looking for retreats and agricultural properties" von Zuben said.
A consultant also reviewed the official plans of Haliburton County and its lower-tier municipalities and von Zuben said local food producers want to have a working relationship with local municipalities and in particular have influence on planning decisions since they directly impact food production.
A number of local food advocacy groups are uniting under the banner of Harvest Haliburton.
Von Zuben is taking his presentation to each of the county's lower-tier councils as well.
A number of community partners collaborated on the assessment project including but not limited to the Haliburton County Farmers' Market Association Abbey Gardens the Haliburton County Farmers Association the Haliburton Grain CSA and Ontario Healthy Communities Coalition.
At a recent forum hosted by the farmers association a specialist from the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture Food and Rural Affairs said there is a particularly strong demand for sheep and goats in Canada with grocery store owners saying they could sell much more goat and lamb if it was available and only 42 per cent of the meat in the sheep and goat market supplied by Canadian farmers.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Find Mirakl Biographies
Use the links below to find biographies of Mirakls by their first name.
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source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
As a software-only implementation of the IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol (PTP), a new protocol stack from Real-Time Systems GmbH (RTS) eliminates the need for hardware-based time stamping and delivers accuracies of up to ±5 µs or better. Formerly, implementations of the IEEE 1588 protocol requiring high accuracy also needed hardware time stamping, which added non-standard components and increased costs. The RTS stack uses only common network interfaces. The software particularly suits use in instrumentation, automation systems, and process-control networks.
The RTS IEEE 1588 Software Protocol Stack includes all servo algorithms, regulators, filters, a PTP-Clock based on a hardware timer, and direct Timer access. The software is fully tested and comes with documentation and an example implementation on VxWorks for x86. The stack is available with source code to qualified customers. The PTP automatically synchronizes multiple devices with the most accurate clock found in a packet-based network—typically Ethernet. The RTS protocol stack automatically determines the most accurate clock, known as the Grand Master Clock. During operation and after initial synchronization, the PTP real-time clocks are constantly adjusted by exchanging timing messages. The stack uses statistical techniques to further reduce residual fluctuations. Because the RTS IEEE 1588 protocol stack supports the PTP hot-pluggable functionality requirement, devices may join or leave the network at any time.
Real-Time Systems GmbH|


text:
18th Century Desk Design (The Antiques Dictionary) Taken from Antiques directory By Judith & Martin Miller
A structural change occurred during the early 18th century in the design of bureau. It had been customary for the fall front to open to a concealed document compartment or well, which can be seen as a blank space on the front of the desk between the top edge of the fall (seen examples 1 &2). Sometimes decorated as a dummy drawer, this space was soon utilized as a fourth drawer at the expense of the wall.
Another change concerned the feet, which became either ogee brackets, of cabriole legs with claw and ball feet, or chunky square edged brackets, though by the end of the 18th century the splay French foot had gained considerable popularity (see example 3).
American desks of Queen Anne and Chippendale periods resemble very closely their English counterparts in design if not in materials though there is one important exception—the block front. This was from Dutch origin. See examples 4 &5
Example 1: William and Mary slant front 1710,
Example 2: A curly maple slant front 1720 Example
3: Federal mahogany veneer 1790
Example 4 Queen Anne inlaid walnut 1740 Example 5 Chippendale walnut slate front desk 1780


text:
The Coriolis Effect
The Coriolis force comes from the rotation of Earth. Earth spins on its axis at a rate of one rotation per 24 hours. At the equator, this is equivalent to approximately 1,600 km per hour—this is the speed a person standing at the equator experiences. But at the North and South Poles, the speed is zero. This differential in speed causes eddies (swirling patterns) in the atmosphere. These in turn affect weather patterns.
Put a few drops of food coloring on a tennis ball, gently lower it into a tub of water, and give it a spin with your fingers. Note the patterns of motion that the food coloring makes in the water.
Hurricanes spin counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere because of the Coriolis force.
We don't notice the spinning of Earth directly, because we move at constant velocity (speed and direction).
A popular myth holds that the water in toilets and sinks demonstrates the Coriolis effect (the observed effect of the Coriolis force) by draining counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. However, this actually has to do with the design of the toilet or sink rather than where it is located on Earth.
NASA scientists must take Coriolis effects into consideration when they launch rockets. In fact, space launching facilities, including the Johnson Space Center in Houston and Cape Canaveral in Florida, are located in the south to take advantage of the greater speed of Earth's surface at those latitudes (distances north or south of the equator, measured by imaginary lines running east to west parallel to the equator). This activity shows you several ways to demonstrate the Coriolis force and its effects.
- 2-L soda bottle
- food coloring
- metric ruler
- merry-go-round or a swivel chair and weights
- safety goggles
- steel washer, nut, or other small weight
- I-m nylon fishing string or line
These effects were first described by GaspardGustave de Coriolis (1792–1843), a French engineer and mathematician.
- Fill a 2-L soda bottle with water. Turn it upside down and let the bottle begin to pour out. Swirl the bottle clockwise until a miniature cyclone starts. Study the cyclone as the water pours out. Notice that the swirl will remain powered by gravity even if you hold the bottle still. For a more dramatic effect, first release a drop of food coloring from a height of 10 cm and allow it to settle into the water. As an extension, you can vary bottle sizes and mouth openings to find out what conditions work best to support this motion.
- Get on a small merry-go-round and give it a good spin. Move toward the center. Notice what happens to the rate of rotation. You spin faster because of a principle called the conservation of angular momentum.
- Put on your safety goggles, and swing a small weight in a circular orbit at the end of a I-m string. Let the string wind around your finger as shown. The result is always the same—as the length of the string decreases, the speed of the weight increases. The string may be compared to a nearly massless merry-go-round and the weight to a heavy person.
Angular momentum is a quantity that is based upon an object's mass and rate of rotation.
Move back to the edge and the spinning slows down. You can demonstrate the same effect in a swivel chair by holding weights in your arms, spinning, and then moving your arms toward and away from your body, or by observing figure skaters as they change their rate of rotation using their arms.
In physics terms, the weight has a radial velocity (speed of rotation in respect to angle) toward your finger because of the shortening of the string. The radial velocity interacts with the rotational velocity (the speed and direction the weight turns) to produce an acceleration that is tangential (touching but not intersecting) to the path of the weight and acts to speed up the weight.I
As artificial satellites fall toward Earth out of their orbit, the radius of their orbit (the distance to Earth's center) decreases and their speed increases, until friction becomes so great that they burn up in the atmosphere.
Rocket Science: 50 Flying, Floating, Flipping, Spinning Gadgets Kids Create Themselves by Jim Wiese (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1995).
The Spinning Blackboard and Other Dynamic Experiments on Force and Motion (Exploratorium Science Snackbook series) by Paul Doherty (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1996).
Warning is hereby given that not all Project Ideas are appropriate for all individuals or in all circumstances. Implementation of any Science Project Idea should be undertaken only in appropriate settings and with appropriate parental or other supervision. Reading and following the safety precautions of all materials used in a project is the sole responsibility of each individual. For further information, consult your state's handbook of Science Safety.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Constantine the African
Constantine the African (Latin: Constantinus Africanus) (1017, Kairouan – 1087, Monte Cassino) was a Tunisian doctor of the eleventh century. The first part of his life was spent in Tunisia and the rest in Italy. In Salerno, Italy, he became a professor of medicine and his work attracted widespread attention. A few years later Constantine became a Benedictine monk, living the last two decades of his life in the Monte Cassino monastery.
It was in Italy where Constantine compiled his vast opus, mostly composed of translations from Arabic sources. He translated into Latin books of the great masters of Arabic medicine: Razes Ali Ibn Massaouia Baghdad, Ibn Imran, Ibn Suleiman, and Ibn Al-Jazzar. These translations are housed today in libraries in Italy, Germany, France, Belgium, and England. They were used as textbooks from the Middle Ages to the seventeenth century.
The historians of Constantine
The twelfth century monk Peter the Deacon is the first historian to have written the biography of Constantine. He noted that Constantine was a 'Saracen', the medieval Franco-Italian term meaning a Muslim from North Africa. Later historians such as De Renzi and Daremberg, curator of the National Library in Paris, and Leclerc, author of History of Arab Medicine, relied on Diaconus' account. The German Steinscheider wrote a book dedicated to Constantine, which was printed in Berlin in 1865. The Orientalist Karl Sudhoff made his Berber-Islamic thesis when he discovered new and important documents touching on Constantine's life and religion in the northern Italy; these documents were published in the journal Arkioun in 1922.
Constantine emigration to Italy
Karl Sudhoff, said, according to documents cited above, he emigrated first to Italy as a merchant from Sicily, and was called in those documents Constantine Siculus. He moved to Salerno as a merchant (mercator). Suffering from an illness and took refuge with the king's brother Gusulf. A doctor named "Abbas of Curiat" was the interpreter between the two men, as Constantine ignored the Italian. Constantine noted that Abbas did not ask for the bottle of urine and the doctor who had come to examine it was inexperienced. He concludes that medicine in Italy was limited to a few simple practical knowledge, which led Constantine to ask whether there was in Italy for good books in medicine, he said no. This man, who had an extensive general knowledge, felt he had a civilizing mission that he wanted to accomplish.
He returned to Carthage. He practiced medicine for three years and collected many books of medicine and went to southern Italy carrying with him this treasure. He walked towards Salerno,passing through the coast of Lucania by boat. It is north of the Gulf of Polycastro, a storm arose at sea damaging some manuscripts. The first three parts of the books of Ali Ibn Abbas Al Majoussi were lost. Our man arrived at Salerno with what remained of the books, he converted to Christianity, then moved to Cassino, where he worked as an interpreter. The Sudhof story ends with this event.
These are the parts borrowed and translated word for word from the study of Karl Sudhoff. Sudhoff is a scientist who has a thorough knowledge of history, renowned for its reliability in research. The interpreter between Constantine and the Italian doctor on his first trip, was also a Tunisian doctor. He was called Abbas of Curiat? Curiat is an island lying off the town of Mahdia, Tunisia. May be Abbas was with there with him from Sicily? Constantine was a trader and cultivated, there is nothing surprising, because education in the great mosque of the Zaytuna in Tunis and the scientists houses was open to all. He understood the traditional and the rational knowledge. The trade between Tunisia and Italy were flourishing, and that did not cease during difficult times. Tunisia had offices in various locations of Christian Sicily and southern Italy itself. These include Bari, Taranto, Agripolis and Gaglione.
Tunisia exported olive oil, wax, leather, wool and derivatives, and imported wheat in famine years. Market forces did not prohibit trade with countries of Christians and Constantine was converted to Christianity there is nothing surprising in that the thing was common, particularly if the person was forced, which was the case for prisoners. These include the case of Moroccan Hassan El Ouazzan traveler who converted to Christianity and called himself Leo Africanus, a situation similar to that of Constantine the African.
Constantine scientific production
He arrived at Cassino, bringing with him the manuscripts of medicine that he took from Tunis. They include works of the Kairouanese El Baghdadi.
- The Kairouanese books
- The book of melancholy of Ishaq Ibn Imran.
- The book of the pulse, urine and food regime of Ibn Ishaq Suleiman.
- The book "Zad Al Mussāfir" (Viaticum) of Ahmed Ibn Al Jazzar.
- The Baghdadi books
- The book "Al Hawi" of Abu Bakr Al Razi
- The book "Al Kamil " of Ali Ibn Al Abbas Al Majoussi, at least in part. Constantine translated the first ten books (on the theory of medicine) but his translation of the second ten books (on practice) do not entirely survive. (The same book was retranslated in the twelfth century by Stephen of Antioch, who was dismissive of Constantine's translation.)
The books of Constantine are either by him or translated from Arabic. In many cases he fails to name his Arabic sources. It is so for the "Zad Al Mussāfir" of Ibn Al-Jazzar, that he translated and to which he attached his name, with what some observers have labeled as impertinence. He writes in the introduction of Zad Al Mussāfir the following: "If people are planning to dig into this book that comes from me, I let them sleep in their stupidity. I thought it is my duty to sign it because people envy other people for their work and to seize any book who falls into their hands, I titled Zad Al Mussāfir viaticum as his small volume will not clutter the baggage of the passenger nor hinders his movements. "
Editions of Constantine's Works
Constantine's works are most readily available in two sixteenth-century printed editions, the 1515 Lyons edition and the 1536 Basel edition. (Both editions are readily available online.) The Basel edition is missing some of Constantine's prefatory material, but Mark Jordan notes that, while both Basel and Lyons editions are problematic, and have undergone some humanistic retouching, the Basel edition may be more reliable. Modern scholars of the history of medicine, however, have tended to refer to the Lyons edition.
The Isagoge of Johannitius, which Constantine may have translated (the attribution is contested), has been edited by Gregor Maurach in Sudhoffs Archiv 62 (1978). This edition was never meant to be definitive, and it has received some criticism and corrections, most notably by Ursula Weisser.
The legend of Constantine
In his introduction of the complete works of Ambroise Pare, here what Doctor Malgaine writes: "Constantine was born in Carthage and taken with an ardent desire to learn all sciences he went to Babylonia, learned grammar, logic, physics (medicine), geometry, arithmetic, mathematics, astronomy, necromancy, and music. After exhausting all sciences of the Chaldeans, Arabs and Persians he went to India, asked the scientists of this country, returned from Egypt where he completed his long study and after four decades of travel and work, he returned in his hometown. But the rarity and breadth of his knowledge scared his countrymen, they took him for a sorcerer and banished him. Constantine informed in time, fled and went to Salerno where he remained for some time hidden under the garb of a beggar. The brother of the king of Babylon who passes through this city, recognized him and presented him to the famous Robert Guiscard, who made him his first secretary. But more than eager to rest than with honors he left the court and retired to Monte Cassino where he spent the rest of his life translating from Arabic into Latin various medical books."
- Walsh, J.J. (1908). Constantine Africanus. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. _URL_
- See also: Steinschneider, Moritz, "Constantin's Liber de gradibus und ibn al Gezzar's Adminiculum", in Deutsches Archiv fűr Geschichte der Medizin 2 (1879): 1-22
- Confusingly, the title of 1515 Lyons edition (Omnia opera Ysaac) actually refers to Isaac Isra'ili, not Constantine. Renaissance scholars thought of Constantine as a plagiarist because of his tendency to omit the names of the authors of works he translated from Arabic.
- The Fortunes of Constantine's Pantegni, in Burnett and Jacquart, Constantine the African and ʻAlī ibn al-ʻAbbās al-Maǧūsī, 289.
- Ahmed Ben Miled, Ibn Al Jazzar, Constantin l'Africain, éd. Sal


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Link Management Protocol (LMP), October 2005
- Canonical URL:
- File formats:
- PROPOSED STANDARD
- Updated by:
- RFC 6898
- J. Lang, Ed.
- ccamp (rtg)
Discuss this RFC: Send questions or comments to _EMAIL_
For scalability purposes, multiple data links can be combined to form a single traffic engineering (TE) link. Furthermore, the management of TE links is not restricted to in-band messaging, but instead can be done using out-of-band techniques. This document specifies a link management protocol (LMP) that runs between a pair of nodes and is used to manage TE links. Specifically, LMP will be used to maintain control channel connectivity, verify the physical connectivity of the data links, correlate the link property information, suppress downstream alarms, and localize link failures for protection/restoration purposes in multiple kinds of networks. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
For the definition of Status, see RFC 2026.
For the definition of Stream, see RFC 4844.


Larry Osterman's WebLog
Confessions of an Old Fogey
Blog - Title
What's wrong with this code, part 20(!): Yet another reason that named synchronization objects are dangerous...
Rate This
 - Comments 38
When you're doing inter-process communication, it's often necessary to use named synchronization objects to communicate state between the processes. For instance, if you have a memory section that's shared between two processes, it's often convenient to use a named mutex on both processes to ensure that only one process is accessing the memory at a time.
I recently had to fix a bug that was ultimately caused by a really common coding error when using named events. I've taken the bug and stripped it down to just about the simplest form that still reproduced the error.
const LPCWSTR EventName = L"MyEventName";
DWORD WINAPI WorkerThread(LPVOID context)
 HANDLE eventHandle = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, EventName);
 if (eventHandle == NULL)
 return GetLastError();
 WaitForSingleObject(eventHandle, INFINITE);
 // Do Some Work.
 return 0;
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
 HANDLE threadHandle = CreateThread(NULL, 0, WorkerThread, NULL, 0, NULL);
 WaitForSingleObject(threadHandle, INFINITE);
 return 0;
There are actually TWO things wrong with this code, and they're both really bad. The second one won't become apparent until after the first one's found.
Things that are not wrong:
 - Using CreateEvent in the worker thread instead of OpenEvent - remember, in the original incarnation of this code, the two components that deal with the event run in different processes - using CreateEvent allows you to protect against race conditions creating the event (if you call OpenEvent and follow it with a call to CreateEvent if the OpenEvent fails, there's a window where the other side could also call CreateEvent).
 - Calling CreateThread BEFORE calling CreateEvent - this was quite intentional to show off the potential for the race condition above.
 - There's limited error checking in this code. While this code is not production quality, error handling could obfuscate the problem.
 - The _tmain/_TCHAR - this function's Unicode, VS stuck in the _T stuff in it's wizard.
 As always, kudos and explanations on Monday.
 - Answer to quick puzzle about security and synchronization
 - Comment: Nope, that's not what's wrong. But it's a great hint.
 - Well you better hope that "MyEventName" is unique....
 - Also, you have not set any security... so anyone can now set and reset the event.
 - Ah, Jeff hit the first part of the problem - there's no DACL set on the call to CreateEvent.
 Now what's the second problem? This one's much trickier.
 - It isn't that if "MyEventName" is already around you could open someone else's?
 Well there is also the terminal services issue, and where this event is shared. Is it globally shared or only shared in the session?
 Depending on a bunch of things you could cause the main thread to wait forever.
 - Assume that MyEventName is unique. And that both apps run in the same TS session (I should have added those to the "not a bug" parts - they're all valid concerns but not part of the issue).
 Here's another hint: I was VERY surprised when I figured this out.
 - Yeah the only thing I could see is if you opened someone else's event named the same thing, signaled it, they wake up reset the event to unsignaled, then the worker thread opens and waits forever. Which causes your main thread to wait forever.
 - Jeff, as I said, this one's subtle, and horribly dangerous.
 Assume that the events are unique.
 - ooooh.. no way... it couldn't be. Could the second call to CreateEvent actually set the event to non-signaled? MSDN says:
 [in] If this parameter is TRUE, the initial state of the event
 object is signaled; otherwise, it is nonsignaled. "
 If this is taken 100% to the text, then depending on the order of the calls and what runs when, the event could be set to unsignaled.
 Please tell me thats not true..... ouch...
 - That's not it either. Read the MSDN documentation for CreateEvent more carefully.
 - The documentation says that "If lpEventAttributes is NULL, the event gets a default security descriptor. The ACLs in the default security descriptor for an event come from the primary or impersonation token of the creator. "
 Could this somehow cause a situation where the theard creates the event first, then main tries to, but fails because of secrutiy issues? Main would ends up with a null for the event, thus never signaling anything and never starting the thread, deadlocking both of them.
 - Well the only thing I can see is that if the event is already created, then the bInitialState and bManualReset parameters are ignored. This could cause an issue if the two threads opened the event differently, but they aren't in your example.
 Other than that, I'm stumped....
 - Tyler, as long as the client and server are running in the same account that won't happen (remember, this is a simplified example).
 Remember my comment: The second bug won't become obvious unless you've figured out the first. Jeff figured out the first bug earlier in the thread.
 Also the second bug is very subtle (subtle enough that it surprised me when I realized it).
 - Does the problem have anything to do with the fact that CloseHandle isn't being called for any of the event handles, or is that something else we're supposed to ignore?
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green design, eco design, sustainable design, paper art, Michael Velliquette, One From Many From One, Caestecker Art Gallery, Paper sculptures
Unlike other artists who work with paper, Velliquette's cuts and curves are more spontaneous, allowing the placement of each piece to dictate his next move. One would hardly guess the method to this madness is not carefully calculated, as each finished piece seems almost perfectly placed, but Velliquette prefers each color and shape to inspire the next.
Using archival card stock in a rainbow of colors, Velliquette relies only on his meticulous cuts to transform the flat sheets of paper into textural components for his sculptures. Fine snips create furry, feather-like elements that the artist uses as ornamental details and longer pieces sprout out like whiskers from his mask-like sculptures. Short fringe is used to create husky texture, reminiscent of bark or rough fur. Velliquette also suggests volume, simply by curling contrasting colors of paper and arranging them in a line, which the viewer's eyes seamlessly blend together, even though the actual mass is lacking.
Bending, folding, and rolling create visual trompe l'oiels that make each fleck of paper seem to be more than the delicate medium it is. Velliquette's fine-tuned techniques transform normal paper into iconic deities and statuettes that appear rich and weighty.
+ Michael Velliquette
Via Frame Mag


ZONES & WORKING WITH MULTIPLE LASERS
When ever we are talking about laser output with Pangolin software, we are also talking about Pangolin's exclusive ILDA-Award-winning Projection Zones technology, which allows to use separate projection areas (zones) either from a single laser projector, or up to many laser projectors / multiple lasers.
Projection Zones combine a scanner (laser) selection with Geometric Correction for that particular zone, along with the Preview Window Appearance for that zone and a Beam Attenuation Map that can control the brightness in that particular zone.
As sometimes projection zones may appear as an abstract term, even if everyone uses them, lets see how they appear in Pangolin Quickshow:
QS-projection-Zone-main
There are 30 projection zones which can be selected on the left side of the window. When you click on a zone in the left side, the tabs on the right allow you to view and adjust the parameters for each projection zone.
To view and adjust the parameters, click on the Geometric Correction, Preview Window Appearance, Beam Attenuation Map, Advances Settings or Other tab.
PROJECTION ZONE NAME
The area toward the top of the General tab allows you to specify a Projection Zone Name. Since there are 30 zones, you should give a descriptive name to each zone such as "Main Graphics" or "Scanner 2 Beam zone".
SCANNER (PROJECTOR) OUTPUT SECTION
The next section, labeled Output this zone to allows you to indicate the scanner (projector) that will be used for that zone, and also to adjust the parameters for that scanner. This is how you indicate which scanner will be used for each zone. Pressing the "Adjust scanner settings" button will display the Projector Settings window.
TEST PATTERN CONTROL SECTION
The bottom section allows you to display a test pattern if desired, and it is possible to project a test pattern on multiple zones simultaneously in this mode. This allows you to adjust geometric correction settings on overlapping scanners.
There are two different test patterns available for selection: a Simple test pattern and a Grid test pattern. The simple test pattern has roughly 500 points, and the grid test pattern has roughly 1000 points. Using the simple test pattern when you are projecting multiple test patterns from the same set of scanners will help to reduce flicker.
In addition to the lines that make up the actual test pattern, each test pattern also has an identifying number to help distinguish which test pattern is being projected from which zone.
GEOMETRIC CORRECTION SECTION
The next section shows the Geometric Correction parameters for the selected zone, and allows you to adjust it. The Geometric Correction settings allow you to adjust the geometric correction for each scanner. Moreover, each scanner can actually have multiple geometric correction settings if desired simply by directing more than one zone to the same scanner.
To adjust the geometric correction, you click, on the different Correction Types and then move the sliders that appear on the sides and top of the window, or you can click and drag the mouse in the window area.
qs-projection-zone-geometric-correction
PREVIEW WINDOW APPEARANCE SECTION
The next section shows the Preview Window Appearance for the selected zone, and allows you to adjust it. Note that it is possible to specify a Preview Window Appearance for each projection zone, and this preview window appearance is independent of the laser output so master size, position and geometric correction do not affect the preview window.
For each zone, the Preview image size and position can be adjusted. Moreover, you can specify whether the preview for that zone should be normal laser graphics, or audience scanning beam effects.
If you specify that the preview should be Audience Scanning Beams, you get a few more options. You can control the vanishing point created by the actual projector position. You an also chose whether or not to mirror the output and the position in the preview window.
You would mirror the output and position when you are sending the output of a single FB3 to multiple scanners (multiple lasers) at either side of a stage. When this is selected, the preview window automatically duplicates and mirrors the output even though there is only one signal source for both scanners.
qs-projection-zone-preview
Note that with all of this flexibility, you can adjust the preview window for each zone to truly simulate what the show will look like in the final venue.
BEAM ATTENUATION MAP SECTION
The next section shows the Beam Attenuation Map section for the selected zone, and allows you to adjust it. The Beam Attenuation Map allows you to control the brightness of the beam over the entire projection zone and allows non-uniform brightness maps.
qs-projection-zone-bam
The Beam Attenuation Map is a 64 by 64 "pixel" brightness control map. Each pixel can be set to any brightness level from 0 to 100%. Rudimentary tools are provided to sample a brightness level in the map, fill the entire map with the selected brightness level, fill a rectangular area with the selected brightness level and freehand-draw brightness levels into the map.
The Beam Attenuation Map can be used for graphics, atmospheric and beam effects.
ADVANCED SETTINGS SCANNING PARAMETERS SECTION
The next section shows the "Advanced Settings" Scanning Parameters for the selected zone, and allows you to adjust them. These are advanced scanning parameters which are particularly well suited for zones used for targeted beam effects.
When the Prevent master size and master position check box is checked, it will make it so that the Master Size and Master Position controls in the Projector Settings window do not affect the output of this zone.
The Minimum number of points setting in the Projector Settings window can be adjusted to relieve the scanners from trying to scan high duty-cycle images that might cause power limiting. Setting the Minimum number of points to 200 or higher can actually increase the life of your scanners. However, doing so will mean that if you project less than 200 points, the additional points will be blanked. For beam frames, it is often undesirable to have any unintended blanking at all because such blanking would tend to reduce the power of the display. When the Prevent minimum number of points check box is checked, all scanner output will be dedicated strictly to producing laser output and the Minimum number of points setting is ignored.
qs-projection-zone-advanced-settings
RECOMMENDED USE OF THE FIRST EIGHT ZONES
Although we do not restrict the use of zones in any way, for maximum compatibility Pangolin recommends that the first 8 projection zones be used as follows:
Zone Scanner Name Comment
Zone 1 Scanner 1 Scanner 1 Main Used for most common output
Zone 2 Scanner 2 Scanner 2 Main Used for anything directed to scanner 2
Zone 3 Scanner 3 Scanner 3 Main Used for anything directed to scanner 3
Zone 4 Scanner 4 Scanner 4 Main Used for anything directed to scanner 4
Zone 5 Any scanner Secondary Graphics Used for a second graphics screen
Zone 6 Any scanner Raster Graphics Reduced in size used for raster graphics (retained for compatibility with LD2000 zones)
Zone 7 Any scanner Hot Beams Used for high-intensity beams which may or may not be directed within the audience area
Zone 8 Any scanner Atmospheric Effects Used for atmospherics and audience scanning (retained for compatibility with LD2000 zones)
Zone 30 Any scanner Targeted Beams Used for QuickTargets beams
CONTROLLING MULTIPLE LASERS
QuickShow allows you to control up to nine* separate FB3 laser controllers connected to the computer via USB (normally using one or more powered USB hubs). Simply connect multiple FB3s to the computer, and QuickShow will automatically recognize them, and place an icon in the status bar portion of the program.
(* Note that the number of FB3 that QuickShow can control depends strongly on the horsepower of your computer. The more FB3s you connect to a single computer, the faster your computer will need to be since QuickShow computes the output for all laser systems using the PC processor.)
First steps
Once you have connected more than one FB3 to your computer, you should do the following:
 1. Adjust the Projector Settings for each FB3 in order to optimize the settings for each projector.
 2. Adjust the Geometric Correction, and perhaps other parameters using the Projection Zones dialog box as explained above.
Once you have setup the projector settings and geometric correction for each projector, you can now direct QuickShow cues to the individual lasers using one of two methods:
 1. Specify which laser to use within the cue properties of each cue.
 2. Use "zone hot keys" to indicate where to send cues.
Specifying a projection zone within the cue properties
You can access the properties of each cue by right-clicking on that cue and choosing Cue Properties.
qs-cue-properties
The Projection Zones section controls the destination of the cue (i.e. where the cue will be routed once it is triggered). Note that you can specify that the cue be directed to more than one zone (i.e. laser) simultaneously, so if you check both the "Zone 1" and "Zone 2" boxes above, the cue will be directed to both lasers simultaneously.
You may go through each cue in the workspace and specify which zone (i.e. laser) you want to use for that cue. For certain applications, this makes sense, but greater flexibility is afforded by using "Zone hot keys".
Using "zone hot keys"
You may split the Laser Preview window into nine separate zones by right-clicking in the Preview Window and selecting "Show 9 zones".
qs-preview-9-zones
Once the Laser Preview window is split into nine zones, you may click the left mouse button on one of the zones, and, from that point forward, most laser cues will be directed to the zone you selected.
qs-9-zones-action
Two-handed keyboard control
Note that the layout of the nine zones is exactly like


text:
Form design intern at Fathom, James Grady, maps population density in Dencity:
Dencity maps population density using circles of various size and hue. Larger, darker circles show areas with fewer people, while smaller, brighter circles highlight crowded cities. Representing denser areas with smaller circles results in additional geographic detail where there are more people, while sparsely populated areas are more vaguely defined.
While we've seen population density mapped, both directly and indirectly, the circle approach adds a different aesthetic that seems to add something about what it's like to live somewhere. Compare to a broader country-level map or one that uses only color. Doesn't this version feel like more?


text:
Mental Health Nursing: Connect with People
What is mental health nursing?
Mental health nursing is a specialised field of nursing whose main focus is on a person's subjective experiences. Mental health nursing's primary tool to understand a patient's inner world is the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship. Mental health nursing focuses on the mind of the patient with mental illness and problems, and how they relate about themselves and the world. Mental health nurses work in collaborative arrangement with patients including promotion of:
- Psychological well-being and emotional health
- Relationships with others and their peace of mind.
What do mental health nurses do?
Mental health nurses monitor the biological dimensions of mental illness through medication administration and behavioural observations and interpretation in general. In line with current trends and reforms, mental health nurses protect patients' rights and support their families, carers and significant others.
Want a fantastic career that lets you work in a range of settings and can take you interstate or overseas?
Visit the ACMHN Ambassador's Website
How do I become a mental health nurse?
With an undergraduate degree in nursing you can register to practice as a nurse and work in most mental health settings. However, to become a specialist, most nurses go on to study mental health at Graduate Diploma or Masters Level. Find out more about postgraduate mental health nursing study.
Specialist mental health nurses may also undertake additional training in specific therapies, such as couple and family therapy.
Mental Health Nurses are in demand across Australia. Scholarships to study mental health nursing are available through the Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing (DoHA) and through each State and Territory Department of Health.


text:
Traffic cones as the name suggests, are cone shaped marking devices used in various applications as warning signals. Known also as road cones, pylons, highway cones, safety cones, they are temporarily used mostly on road construction sites, and road work areas. Additionally, the reflective cones are often seen ahead and behind a disabled vehicle to warn other drivers that there is a stationary vehicle present in their path. Residentially, parents have taken to use them to warn drivers that a neighborhood event is taking place or there at kids at play. In essence, their usefulness to warn others to exercise caution is unlimited. Now available in many color choices, safety orange still remains the #1 color purchased because of the traditional association of Orange as a color of warning.
A little history about 'traffic cones": they were invented by an American by the name of Charles Scanion in 1943. They were originally made of concrete but with the advent of plastics technology, they are now primarly made with thermoplastics or rubber.


text:
Size is not all that matters. But still, we would love to know how big Hoboken in New Jersey is. Here is the answer:
Hoboken, New Jersey covers an area of 5.18 square kilometers (2 square miles).
With 50,005 people living in Hoboken that comes to a population density of 9653.47 inhabitants per square kilometer (25002.5 / sq mi)
As a reference: The 8,398,748 people living in New York City are crammed onto 1214 sq km (468.73 sq mi), which results into a population density of 6918 inhabitants per square kilometer (17918 / sq mi).
Hoboken ( HOH-boh-kən; Unami: Hupokàn) is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 50,005, having grown by 11,428 (+29.6%) from 38,577 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 5,180 (+15.5%) from the 33,397 in the 1990 Census. Hoboken is part of the New York metropolitan area and is the site of Hoboken Terminal, a major transportation hub for the tri-state region.Hoboken was first settled as part of the Pavonia, New Netherland colony in the 17th century. During the early 19th century the city was developed by Colonel John Stevens, first as a resort and later as a residential neighborhood. Originally part of Bergen Township and later North Bergen Township, it became a separate township in 1849 and was incorporated as a city in 1855. Hoboken is the location of the first recorded game of baseball and of the Stevens Institute of Technology, one of the oldest technological universities in the United States. It is also well known for being the birthplace and hometown of American singer Frank Sinatra, and there are parks and streets located in the city that are named for him.Located on the Hudson Waterfront, the city was an integral part of the Port of New York and New Jersey and home to major industries for most of the 20th century. The character of the city has changed from a blue collar town to one of upscale shops and condominiums. It has been ranked 2nd in Niche's "2019 Best Places to Live in Hudson County" list.
Cities with a similar size as Hoboken
If you want to check which cities have a similar size as Hoboken, New Jersey, here you go:
- Garfield, New Jersey with a size of 5.67 square kilometers (5.67 sq mi), population: 10,213
- Cheney, Washington with a size of 4.37 square kilometers (4.37 sq mi), population: 10,590
- Hamtramck, Michigan with a size of 5.41 square kilometers (5.41 sq mi), population: 22,976
- Clawson, Michigan with a size of 5.70 square kilometers (5.70 sq mi), population: 11,825
- Farmersville, California with a size of 5.85 square kilometers (5.85 sq mi), population: 10,588
- Uniontown, Pennsylvania with a size of 5.29 square kilometers (5.29 sq mi), population: 10,372
- Cornelius, Oregon with a size of 5.19 square kilometers (5.19 sq mi), population: 11,869
- University Heights, Ohio with a size of 4.71 square kilometers (4.71 sq mi), population: 13,539
- Lawndale, California with a size of 5.11 square kilometers (5.11 sq mi), population: 32,769
- Parlier, California with a size of 6.00 square kilometers (6.00 sq mi), population: 14,494
Cities with a similar population density as Hoboken
Other cities that have a similar population density as Hoboken, New Jersey are:
- Arlington County, Virginia with a population density of 8,627 people per sq km (22,334 / sq mi).
- Passaic, New Jersey with a population density of 8,313 people per sq km (21,537 / sq mi).
- Cusseta, Georgia with a population density of 8,102 people per sq km (20,953 / sq mi).
- Maywood, California with a population density of 8,976 people per sq km (23,216 / sq mi).
- Takoma Park, Maryland with a population density of 8,589 people per sq km (22,356 / sq mi).
Cities with a similar population size as Hoboken
Here a list of cities that have a similar number of inhabitants like Hoboken, New Jersey:
- Novato, California with a population of 51,904 people
- Grand Junction, Colorado with a population of 59,899 people
- Middletown, Connecticut with a population of 47,648 people
- Shoreline, Washington with a population of 53,007 people
- Binghamton, New York with a population of 47,376 people
- Coeur d'Alene, Idaho with a population of 44,137 people
- San Jacinto, California with a population of 44,199 people
- La Mesa, California with a population of 57,065 people
- Lewiston, Idaho with a population of 41,789 people
- Council Bluffs, Iowa with a population of 62,230 people


text:
Par Legal Terminologyadmin
Traditional meaning of par in English (with legal use of this Latin concept in England and the United States in the nineteenth century) : (in Latin) idem. Pares: Peers. The free owners of a neighborhood. Pares curiae: tenants of a manor house who are present on the farm; see Book 2 ("The Rights of Things"), Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England 54. the place. Pares regni: Peers of the Reiches. in commercial law. » Equal; Equality. The equality between the nominal or nominal value of a bill of exchange, share of shares, etc. and its actual sale value. Thus, if the values are equal, the instrument or action is called "au par"; If it can be sold at a price above its face value, it is "above face value", if it is "below face value", it is "below face value". tt Edward v.
Fisch, 156 N. Y. 363, 50 N. E. 973; Evans v. Tillman, 38 pp. C. 238, 17 p. E. 49. In commercial law.
The exact equality or equivalence of a particular sum or sum of money in the coin of one country and the same sum or sum of money in the coin of another foreign country in which it is to be exchanged, provided that the currency of that country has the exact weight and purity determined by the currency standard of that country. Geschichte, Rechnungen, 4 30. Murphy v. Kastner, 50 N. J. Gl. 220, 24 Atl. 564; Blue Star S.
S. Co. v. Keyser (D.C.) 81 Fed. 510. The nominal value of the currencies of two countries means the equivalence of a certain amount of the currency of one in the currency of the other, provided that the currency of both has the exact weight and purity determined by their respective currencies. Trade between the two countries should be on an equal footing when invoices are negotiated on this basis; t. if an invoice for 100 euros drawn up in London is sold in Paris for 2,520 Frs., and vice versa. Bowen, Pol. Econ.
284. PARA. It is used to designate a state of equality or equal value. Bills of exchange, shares and the like are equivalent if sold at nominal value; above or below par if sold more or less. Supported by Black's Law Dictionary, Free 2nd ed., and The Law Dictionary. The New York State Society of Certified Public Accountants provides the following definition of peer in a way that is easy for everyone to understand: equal to the face or face value of a security. In commercial law. Equal; Equality.
The equality between the nominal or nominal value of a bill of exchange, share of shares, etc. and its actual sale value. Thus, if the values are equal, the instrument or action is called "au par"; If it can be sold at a price above its face value, it is "above face value", if it is "below face value", it is "below face value". Fort Edward v. Fisch, 156 N. vol. 363, 50 N. E. 973; Evans v. Tillman, 38 pp. C. 238, 17 p.
E. 49. n. 1). (2) the par value of a share or bond printed on the certificate, i.e. the amount paid by the original purchaser to the issuing company. However, most common shares are issued at "par value" and the value reflects the current stock market. Preferred shares indicate a par value on the basis of which dividends are calculated, and the par value of bonds determines the final amount of payment at maturity, usually many years into the future.
(See: shares, common shares, preferred shares) The term even refers to an equality that exists between the nominal or nominal value of a document – such as a bill of exchange or a share – and its actual sales value. If the values are equal, the proportion is called by; If it can be sold at a price higher than its face value, it is higher than its face value; If it sells for less than its face value, it is lower than its face value. Alternative definitions of para: (1) average, equal, normal, etc. (2) nominal value, as for negotiable instruments. (ex par-tay, but popularly ex part) Latin adj. means "for a party" and refers to petitions, hearings or orders made at the request and for the benefit of a single party. This is an exception to the fundamental rule of judicial proceedings that both parties must be present at every hearing before a judge, and to the otherwise strict rule that a lawyer may not notify a judge without first notifying the objection. Ex parte cases are usually injunctions (such as an injunction or pre-trial detention) awaiting a formal hearing or an urgent request for an extension. Most jurisdictions require at least a cautious attempt to contact the other party's lawyer about the date and location of an ex parte hearing.


See also: cardinal-number
cardinal number (plural cardinal numbers)
 1. A number used to denote quantity; a counting number.
 The smallest cardinal numbers are 0, 1, 2, and 3.
 The cardinal number "three" can be represented as "3" or "three".
 2. (mathematics) A generalized kind of number used to denote the size of a set, including infinite sets.
 - 1920, Bertrand Russell, Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy, page 83
 This cardinal number is the smallest of the infinite cardinal numbers; it is the one to which Cantor has appropriated the Hebrew Aleph with the suffix 0, to distinguish it from larger infinite cardinals. Thus the name of the smallest of infinite cardinals is ℵ0.
 3. (grammar) A word that expresses a countable quantity; a cardinal numeral.
 "Three" is a cardinal number, while "third" is an ordinal number.
See alsoEdit
External linksEdit


text: We propose a stochastic modelling framework to simulate the spatially lumped sediment and vegetation dynamics in a flood plain of a braided gravel bed river as an alternative to detailed morphodynamic modelling. The idea is that floods intermittently erode the river bed and expose sediment on gravel bars, while riparian vegetation continuously recolonises the exposed area. The exposed sediment and water stochastic dynamics can be analytically solved in terms of their probability density function (pdf), and later used to force a vegetation model, together forming a so-called coupled "Master-Slave" stochastic dynamical system in continuous time. We apply and validate the master model by using a historical record of aerial photographs of the Maggia River (Tessin, Switzerland) and daily streamfiow measurements. This approach is useful to statistically quantify the amount of sediment that is reworked by flood events, as well as the effects of changes in the flood disturbance regime on flood-plain dynamics.


DebugView QML Type
View to show rendering statistics and perform debug and developer actions. More...
Import Statement: import QtQuick3D.Helpers
Inherits:
Rectangle
Properties
Detailed Description
This helper allows viewing render performance statistics of a View3D. It shows the FPS, sync and render times. In addition, it can also show detailed statistics about draw calls, render passes, and the textures and meshes used by the scene's assets. The showing of such extended information is controlled by the resourceDetailsVisible property, which defaults to false.
For example, the following snippet shows how a DebugView can be added that shows its information in the top-left corner of the Qt Quick scene:
View3D {
 id: v3d
 anchors.fill: parent
 camera: camera
 PerspectiveCamera {
 id: camera
 position: Qt.vector3d(0, 0, 600)
 }
 ...
}
DebugView {
 source: v3d
 resourceDetailsVisible: true
}
In addition, the Tools section allows performing actions such as turning on wireframe rendering, or visualizing various aspects of the material.
Property Documentation
resourceDetailsVisible : bool
Indicates whether the additional fields with detailed render pass, mesh, texture, and other resource statistics should be shown by default.
The default value is false, which means only CPU timings from the last rendered frame will be shown, unless the user interactively enables additional data via the on-screen checkbox. Change the value to true to make more information visible by default. This includes render pass details and the active assets for the last rendered frame.
source : var
Specifies the source View3D to show the statistics from.
© 2023 The Qt Company Ltd. Documentation contributions included herein are the copyrights of their respective owners. The documentation provided herein is licensed under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License version 1.3 as published by the Free Software Foundation. Qt and respective logos are trademarks of The Qt Company Ltd. in Finland and/or other countries worldwide. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.


text:
I am delighted to receive this award for my work in an area that I believe can improve the quality of life for many people. The most useful robot assistants should be able to adapt what they are doing to suit the person they are supporting. By starting with the definition of user preferences, we have been able to develop new tools and algorithms that will improve the way robots behave and interact with dependent users while assisting them".
09 November 2020
International award for PhD thesis on assistive robots
Award for PhD thesis
Dr Gerard Canal, post doctoral research associate in the Department of Informatics, has been awarded the Marc Esteva Vivanco Award from the Catalan Association for Artificial Intelligence (ACIA), for his PhD thesis ("Adapting robot behavior to user preferences in assistive scenarios").
Gerard's research looked at the role that robots play in helping people with daily tasks, such as eating and getting dressed, and how personalisation can improve the task performance and interaction. As populations age the use of robot assistants is becoming more commonplace. Since no two people are the same understanding how robots can adapt their behaviour will improve the quality of life of those who need their help.
Discussing the award Gerard commented:
Gerard is part of the group at King's working on the Trust in Human-Machine Partnerships project, funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Council, to advance the state-of-the-art in trustworthy human-AI decision-support systems. The project addresses the technical challenges involved in creating explainable AI (XAI) systems so that people using the system can understand the rationale behind and trust suggestions made by the AI.
Commenting on Gerard's achievement, Dr Andrew Coles, Senior Lecturer in Computer Science, said:
This is excellent news, and very well deserved -- Gerard's PhD made a strong contribution to the area of assistive robotics. He is an invaluable member of the team working on the EPSRC-funded 'Trust in Human-Machine Partnership' (THuMP) project here at King's, working on explainable AI: by developing assistive robots that can explain their behaviour to humans, we can address some major societal challenges."


text:
Pulp and Paper
|Pulp and Paper merit badge|
|BSA Advancement ID:|
|Latest pamphlet revision:||2006|
Merit badge requirements
- 1. Tell the history of papermaking. Describe the part paper products play in our society and economy.
- 2. List the trees that are the major sources of papermaking fibers. Then discuss what other uses are made of the trees and of the forestland owned by the pulp and paper industry. Describe the ways the industry plants, grows, and harvests trees. Explain how the industry manages its forests so that the supply of trees keeps pace with the demand, and tell about one way the industry has incorporated a sustainable forestry concept. Give two ways the papermaking industry has addressed pollution.
- 3. Describe two ways of getting fibers from wood, and explain the major differences. Tell why some pulps are bleached, and describe this process.
- 4. Describe how paper is made. Discuss how paper is recycled. Make a sheet of paper by hand.
- 5. Explain what coated paper is and why it is coated. Describe the major uses for different kinds of coated paper. Describe one other way that paper is changed by chemical or mechanical means to make new uses possible?
- 6. Make a list of 15 pulp or paper products found in your home. Share examples of 10 such products with your counselor.
- 7. With your parent's and counselor's approval, do ONE of the following:
- a. Visit a pulp mill. Describe how the mill converts wood to cellulose fibers.
- b. Visit a paper mill and get a sample of the paper made there. Describe the processes used for making this paper. Tell how it will be used.
- c. Visit a container plant or box plant. Describe how the plant's products are made.
- d. Visit a recycled paper collection or sorting facility. Describe the operations there.
- e. Using books, magazines, your local library, the Internet (with your parent's permission), and any other suitable research tool, find out how paper products are developed. Find out what role research and development play in the papermaking industry. Share what you learn with your counselor.
- 8. Find out about three career opportunities in the papermaking industry that interest you. Pick one and find out the education, training, and experience required for this profession. Discuss this with your counselor, and explain why this profession might interest you.
Source: 2007 Boy Scout Requirements (33215)
1. This badge is one of the elective merit badges of the William T. Hornaday Awards for Boy Scouts.
Help with these requirements
Mr. R's Pulp and Paper An online module for earning the badge.


text:
Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
The emerging relationship between vitamin K and neurodegenerative diseases: a review of current evidence
Neurodegenerative disease refers to a group of disorders that predominantly damage the neurons in the brain. Despite significant progress in the knowledge of neurodegenerative diseases, there is currently no disease-modifying drug available. Vitamin K was first established for its involvement in blood clotting, but there is now compelling evidence indicating its role in the neurological system. In particular, the results of recent studies on the effects of vitamin K2 on preventing apoptosis, oxidative stress, and microglial activation in neuron cells through its role in electron transport are very promising against Alzheimer's disease. In addition to its protective effect on cognitive functions, its inhibitory effects on inflammation and α-synuclein fibrillization in Parkinson's disease, which has been revealed in recent years, are remarkable. Although there are many studies on the mechanism and possible treatment methods of neurodegenerative diseases, especially Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, studies on the relationship between vitamin K and neurodegenerative diseases are very limited, yet have promising findings. Vitamin K has also been proposed for therapeutic use in multiple sclerosis patients to lower the intensity or to slow down the progression of the disease. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to review the current evidence for the use of vitamin K supplementation in neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis.


the equation for the second moment is
(A2)dM2(t)dt=C[M2(t)]2,
with the solution being M2(t)=M2(t0)1-CM2(t0)t.
After Tgel, a runaway droplet forms, and the kinetic collection equation is no longer valid, since the assumption of a continuous distribution breaks down. There is, in essence, a phase transition in the system from a continuous distribution to a continuous distribution plus a runaway droplet.
Appendix B: The Monte Carlo algorithm
Back to toptop
In this study, the species accounting formulation (Laurenzi et al., 2002) of the stochastic simulation algorithm (SSA) of Gillespie (1975) was used for the stochastic simulation. The steps below summarize the algorithm:
 1. Initialization. Initialize the number of droplets in each species (the species are defined as droplets of different sizes). There is a unique index μ for each pair of droplets i,j that may collide. For a system with N species, n1,n2,,nNμNN+12. The set {μ} defines the total collision space and is equal to the total number of possible interactions.
 2. Monte Carlo step. Determine the next collision to occur and the time to the next collision. The next collision μ is calculated according to the distribution Pμ=aμα, from the inequality:
 (B1)ν=1μ-1aν<r2αν=1μaν,
 where r2 is a uniformly distributed random number in the interval (0,1). aμ is calculated from the following probabilities:
 - a(i,j)dt=V-1K(i,j)ninjdtPr{two unlike particles i and j with populations (number of particles) ni and nj will collide within the imminent time interval},
 - a(i,i)dt=V-1K(i,i)nini-12dtPr{two particles of the same species i with population (number of particles) ni collide within the imminent time interval},
 - α=ν=1NN+12aν.
 As the time to the next collision is exponentially distributed with mean 1∕α (Gillespie, 1975) and 1-r1=r1 is a uniformly distributed random number in the interval [0,1], the time τ to the next collision can be calculated from the following expression:
 (B2)τ=1αln1r1.
 3. Increase the time by the randomly generated time in Step 2. Change the numbers of species to reflect the execution of a collision.
 4. If stopping criteria are not met, go to step 2.
Appendix C: Procedure for estimating the limiting values for the Kolmogorov–Smirnov goodness of fit test for distributions with unknown parameters
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When parameters of a distribution are estimated from the data, the limiting values provided for the Kolmogorov–Smirnov criterion cannot be used. In this case, approximate limiting values and p values can be obtained via Monte Carlo simulations. First, the parameter vector ϕ^=θ^,μ^1,μ^2,β^,σ^ is estimated for a given sample of size n, and the test statistics (Eq. 12) are calculated assuming that the sample is distributed according to Fx;ϕ^, returning a value of Dn. Next, a sample of size nFx;ϕ^ variates is generated, and the parameter vector ϕ^1 is estimated. The test statistics are calculated again assuming that the sample is distributed according to Fx;ϕ^1. Such a calculation was made for different sample sizes (n=100,200,,500) 1000 times, and the distribution pattern of Dn was derived (see Table C1). Thus, 5 % (for α=0.05) from the greater side was taken as the estimated Dnα=0.05 limiting values. The estimate of p value is calculated as the relative number of occasions in which the test statistics are at least as large as Dn. The numerically calculated K-S limiting values for the three distributions under analysis (mixture, Gumbel and Gaussian) for α=0.05 are shown in Table C1. As can be checked, the values are smaller than the case with known parameters, which can be estimated (for α=0.05) as 1.36/n.
Table C1Estimated limiting values (for α=0.05) for the Kolmogorov–Smirnov goodness of fit test for the three distributions.
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Author contributions
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Author contributions.
LA performed the model runs of the Monte Carlo algorithm, performed the statistical analysis of synthetic and observational data, and wrote the paper. GBR and DB provided the observational data and edited and improved the paper. All authors contributed to developing the basic ideas and discussing the results.
Competing interests
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Competing interests.
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgements
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Acknowledgements.
This study was funded by a grant from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología of Mexico (SEP-Conacyt) CB-284482. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on our paper.
Financial support
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Financial support.
This research has been supported by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (grant no. CB-284482.).
Review statement
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Review statement.
This paper was edited by Sachin S. Gunthe and reviewed by two anonymous referees.
References
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Aldous, D. J.: Deterministic and stochastic models for coalescence (aggregation, coagulation): A review of the mean-field theory for probabilistic, Bernoulli, 5, 3–48, 1999.
Alfonso, L.: An algorithm for the numerical solution of the multivariate master equation for stochastic coalescence, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 12315–12326, _URL_ 2015.
Alfonso, L. and Raga, G. B.: The impact of fluctuations and correlations in droplet growth by collision–coalescence revisited – Part 1: Numerical calculation of post-gel droplet size distribution, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 6895–6905, _URL_ 2017.
Alfonso, L., Raga, G. B., and Baumgardner, D.: The validity of the kinetic collection equation revisited, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 969–982, _URL_ 2008.
Alfonso, L., Raga, G. B., and Baumgardner, D.: The validity of the kinetic collection equation revisited – Part 2: Simulations for the hydrodynamic kernel, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7189–7195, _URL_ 2010.
Alfonso, L., Raga, G. B., and Baumgardner, D.: The validity of the kinetic collection equation revisited – Part 3: Sol–gel transition under turbulent conditions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 521–529, _URL_ 2013.
Baker, M., Corbin, R. G., and Latham, J.: The influence of entrainment on the evolution of cloud drop spectra: I. A model of inhomogeneous mixing, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 106, 581–598, 1980.
Bayewitz, M. H., Yerushalmi, J., Katz, S., and Shinnar, R.: The extent of correlations in a stochastic coalescence process, J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 1604–1614, 1974.
Bazant, M. Z.: Largest cluster in subcritical percolation, Phys. Rev. E, 62, 1660, _URL_ 2000.
Beard, K. V. and Ochs, H. T.: Warm-rain initiation – An overview of microphysical mechanisms, J. Appl. Meteorol., 32, 608–625, 1993.
Bhattacharjee, S. M.: Critical Phenomena: An Introduction from a modern perspective, in: Field Theories in Condensed Matter Physics, 69–117, Hindustan Book Agency, Gurgaon, 2001.
Botet, R.: Where are correlations hidden in the distribution of the largest fragment?, PoS, 007, WPCF2011, 2011.
Botet, R. and Płoszajczak, M.: Exact order-parameter distribution for critical mean-field percolation and critical aggregation, Phys. Rev. Lett., 95, 185702, _URL_ 2005.
Botet, R., Płoszajczak, M., Chbihi, A., Borderie, B., Durand, D., and Frankland, J.: Universal fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions in the Fermi energy domain, Phys. Rev. Lett., 86, 3514, _URL_ 2001.
Chen, S., Yau, M. K., and Bartello, P.: Turbulence effects of collision efficiency and broadening of droplet


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We wanted to give a bit more insight into the Warning from our SMTP Diagnostic tool about 'Reverse DNS Failing'.
When a sending server makes a connection to the recipient server, the recipient server notes the sending IP address and performs a reverse lookup. This is done by sending a DNS query which returns a Fully Qualified Domain Name ( FQDN) registered for that IP address. If the sending SMTP address matches the domain, then it's much more likely that the message is legitimate and therefore will be passed on to the recipient. If the IP address doesn't match, it's much more likely that the sending address was spoofed and therefore much more likely that it's unwanted and could be considered spam.
A FQDN is associated to an IP with a valid PTR record. You want the domain name portion of the FQDN to match the domain of your email address. (e.g. if your sending addresses follow the convention of _EMAIL_, your PTR record should contain something like mailserver.mydomain.com). Only the organiztion which controls and owns the IP can set a PTR record. PTR record queries are sent to the owner of the IP address which is the ISP, unlike other DNS queries which are sent to the DNS server of whoever owns the domain. For this reason Setting a PTR record on your own DNS servers is almost useless since no one is asking your servers.
To make any changes to your rDNS, you will need to contact your ISP or if you host your own DNS (rare) you will adjust it yourself. You will not be able to do this in your DNS control panel unless your ISP also hosts your DNS and gives you the functionality to add your own rDNS records.


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Microsoft DOS rd and rmdir command
Removes an empty directory in MS-DOS. To delete directories with files or directories within them the user must use the deltree command, or if you are running Microsoft Windows 2000 or Windows XP use the /S option.
The rd and rmdir commands are internal commands and are available in the below Microsoft operating systems.
Removes (deletes) a directory.
Windows 2000 and Windows XP Syntax.
RMDIR [/S] [/Q] [drive:]path
RD [/S] [/Q] [drive:]path
|/S||Removes all directories and files in the specified directory in addition to the directory itself. Used to remove a directory tree.|
|/Q||Quiet mode, do not ask if ok to remove a directory tree with /S.|
If a directory contains files or folders when attempting to delete the directory you will receive "The directory is not empty." error message. If you want to delete directories that are full, use the deltree command or if you're using Windows 2000 or later use the below example with the /s switch.
Remove the test directory, if empty.
rmdir c:\test /s
Windows 2000, Windows XP and later versions of Windows can use this option with a prompt to permanently delete the test directory and all subdirectories and files. Adding the /q switch would suppress the prompt.


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- 1 How many numbers do you need to win on rolling cash?
- 2 How do you play Indiana Cash 5?
- 3 How does EZ Match work on cash 5?
- 4 How much does it cost to play Rolling Cash 5?
- 5 How many numbers do you need for Lucky for Life?
- 6 How many numbers do you need to win the Pick 5?
- 7 Who won the Cash 5 in Indiana?
- 8 Where was winning Cash 5 ticket sold Indiana?
- 9 What is the EZmatch?
- 10 What's the Pick 5?
- 11 How do you win Cash 5?
How many numbers do you need to win on rolling cash?
Rolling Cash 5 requires you to select any 5 numbers from 1 to 39. The Jackpot starts at $100,000 and keeps on rolling until someone wins it. There are 5 play areas and 5 Auto Picks per bet card. Winning cash prize depends on the wager bet.
How do you play Indiana Cash 5?
To play Cash 5, choose five numbers from 1 to 45. Each ticket costs $1. This game draws the five winning numbers every night, Monday through Sunday. The odds of winning the Indiana Cash 5 first prize are one in 1,221,759. The odds of winning any prize is 1 in 11.
How does EZ Match work on cash 5?
When purchasing a Cash 5 with EZ Match ticket, you can add EZ Match for an extra $1 per play. If any of the EZ Match numbers match one of your chosen Cash 5 numbers, you win the prize shown instantly. The prize can be cashed immediately at retail.
How much does it cost to play Rolling Cash 5?
Each wager costs $1. Choose 5 out of 39 numbers. Players may select their own numbers or use the Auto Pick feature to have the computer randomly select their numbers. Players may give their numbers to the retailer or may place their wagers by using a bet card.
How many numbers do you need for Lucky for Life?
Odds & Prizes – Lucky for Life | A LIFETIME OF WINNING EVERY DAY. Lucky for Life drawings take place EVERY NIGHT. Five winning numbers between 1 and 48 are drawn with white balls, then one winning number between 1 and 18 is drawn with the gold "Lucky Ball." You have won if you have made any of the matches shown here.
How many numbers do you need to win the Pick 5?
PICK 5 is a twice-daily Draw game where players select five numbers to win prizes of $5,000 to $50,000!
Who won the Cash 5 in Indiana?
INDIANAPOLIS, Ind. (WANE) – A Farmland man wasted no time coming forward to claim a record-breaking $1,239,000 Cash 5 jackpot. Devin Hodson won in the Saturday, January 21 drawing and was at the Hoosier Lottery headquarters the following Monday to claim the prize.
Where was winning Cash 5 ticket sold Indiana?
The Hoosier Lottery announced Monday that a winning CA$H 5 ticket worth $1.08 million was purchased for Sunday's drawing at RA Foods, 1201 Chicago Ave. The winning CA$H 5 numbers for Sunday's drawing were: 6-12-15-16-44.
What is the EZmatch?
EZmatch is a $1 add-on feature that gives players the opportunity to win cash prizes instantly! When a player adds EZmatch to their FLORIDA LOTTO purchase, six EZmatch numbers and instant prize amounts print on their ticket. EZmatch prizes can also be claimed by mail.
What's the Pick 5?
Playing PICK 5™ is a twice-daily game that pays a top prize of $50,000. Play it Straight, Box, or Straight/Box. You can play it your way any day – twice a day. With midday and evening drawings, you have two chances to play – and win!
How do you win Cash 5?
The Cash 5 jackpot is won by matching all five white balls, in any order. Additional prizes can be won by matching 4, 3, or 2 numbers. By adding EZ Match, you can win instantly by matching any EZ Match numbers. By adding Double Play, you double your ways to win with a second drawing.


Drug Sensing by the Ribosome Induces Translational Arrest via Active Site Perturbation
Molecular Cell, 2014, _URL_ 56, 1–7, published on 08.10.2014
Molecular Cell, online article
During protein synthesis, nascent polypeptide chains within the ribosomal tunnel can act in cis to induce ribosome stalling and regulate expression of downstream genes. The Staphylococcus aureus ErmCL leader peptide induces stalling in the presence of clinically important macrolide antibiotics, such as erythromycin, leading to the induction of the downstream macrolide resistance methyltransferase ErmC. Here, we present a cryo-electron microscopy (EM) structure of the erythromycin-dependent ErmCL-stalled ribosome at 3.9 Å resolution. The structure reveals how the ErmCL nascent chain directly senses the presence of the tunnel-bound drug and thereby induces allosteric conformational rearrangements at the peptidyltransferase center (PTC) of the ribosome. ErmCL-induced perturbations of the PTC prevent stable binding and accommodation of the aminoacyl-tRNA at the A-site, leading to inhibition of peptide bond formation and translation arrest.
CIPSM Movie
LMUexcellent
TU München
MPG
Helmholtz München
MPI of Neurobiology
MPI of Biochemistry


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The Defining Issues Test (DIT) is an internationally used instrument that measures an individual's moral reasoning skills—that is, how an individual explains right and just action. DIT scores are correlated with age and education, and they are also correlated with clinical performance when administered to professional practitioners. Practicing signed language interpreters' scores, however, were not reflective of their age and education in one study, being much lower than those of practitioners from other professions. Providing communication access for individuals who do not share the same language as their service providers is grounded in social justice and equity, yet practicing interpreters' DIT scores did not reflect higher-order justice skills. The current study investigates American Sign Language interpreting students' DIT performance. Over the course of 3 years, different classes of third-year interpreting students in an undergraduate program in the United States took the DIT. Each year, the students' average scores were significantly higher than those of working interpreters (n = 80). This result raises the question of whether, how, and why years of interpreting experience curtail ethical development. A follow-up study with one student class (n = 32) also found that taking the DIT as a collective, meaning that answers were negotiated among group members, resulted in higher scores than the group members' individual median scores. This additional finding adds credence to educational approaches that focus on ethical discussion and deliberation of interpreting practice.
Dean, Robyn; Samar, Vincent; and Maffia, Daniel
"Are Two Heads Better Than One? Interpreting Students' Moral Reasoning Skills,"
International Journal of Interpreter Education: Vol. 14:
1, Article 4.
Available at: _URL_


Overwriting a file in python do i always have to type
If you read the file back and print the first 20 values of the dataset, you will see that they are all zeros except for the indexes 10 to For more functions, please refer to standard Python documentation. We open a file called random. Even if you seek back, every write will append to the end of the file: Besides the length of the data you want to store, you may want to specify the type of data in order to optimize the space.
Method overriding in Python
Reading Keyboard Input Python provides two built-in functions to read a line of text from standard input, which by default comes from the keyboard. When you override you have to think if you want to filter the arguments for the original implementation, if you want to filter its results, or both.
In theory a well designed API should make it always possible but we know that boundary cases exist: The GitHub issues page is the best place to submit corrections. You can read the values back and see what was actually stored.
When in need of skipping the call be sure to document the reasons. Even if there is an error within the with, the file is going to be closed. In those cases you may prefer to skip the call to the original implementation of the method; Python does not make it mandatory, so feel free to walk that path if you think the situation requires it.
Let's start by creating a new file and storing data; that part is the easiest one: This respects the resolution order in case of multiple inheritance and, for Python 3.
Many other guides stop at these sort of examples, without ever really showing the full potential of the HDF5 format with the h5py package. Let's go straight to using the HDF5 library. This meakes the underlying API work as expected.
How to use HDF5 files in Python
We will store the same data to them and then we can compare their sizes. In theory a well designed API should make it always possible but we know that boundary cases exist: The important thing to remember is that the number of bytes tells you how many different numbers you can store.
We create a dataset called default and we set the data as the random array created earlier.
How to write file versions instead of overwriting file in python?
For an insight on this mechanism check this post. So, by calling the original implementation, you get the result you later want to improve. In our example, each element is just a number, but it could have been anything, from a text to an image or a video.
For many applications, however, you need to save data while it is being generated. If the file does not exist, it creates a new file for writing.
If the file does not exist, creates a new file for reading and writing. That is, the file is in the append mode. In the example above, you can use data as an array. Be sure to know what you are doing, however, and document why you are completely overwriting the method. To read the data back, we can do it in a very similar way to when we read a numpy file: If the file does not exist, creates a new file for writing.
We don't append data when creating it, we just create an empty dataset able to hold up to elements. Python for key in f. First, let's see how this works with a simple example.
Bevor Sie fortfahren...
Hello Python Received input is: To use the dataset, we can use the same syntax as before, but taking into account the second dimension: The file Object Attributes Once a file is opened and you have one file object, you can get various information related to that file.
This surely follows the Python idea that "Explicit is better than implicit" The Zen of Pythonbut this advice is not just a matter of taste or some sort of programming mannerism. We can try to do something like this:.
If you would open this file, it would have following content. Python is a great language. Yeah its great!! The read() Method. The read() method reads a string from an open file. It is important to note that Python strings can have binary data. apart from text data. Syntax.
By overwriting list, I no longer have access to the list function until the program is closed. This can be dangerous, especially if you have code in a completely different module that depends on this function.
Using HDF5 Files with Python; When dealing with large amounts of data, either experimental or simulated, saving it to several text files is not very efficient. Sometimes you need to access a very specific subset of data and you want to do it fast.
In these situations, the HDF5 format solves both issues thanks to a very optimized underlying library. I have a directory, 'Dst Directory', which has files and folders in it and I have'src Directory' which also has files and folders in it.
What I want to do is move the contents of'src Directory' to 'Dst Directory' and overwrite anyfiles that exist with the same name.
Method overriding in Python
So for example 'Src Directory\douglasishere.com' needs to be moved to 'Dst Directory\' and overwrite the existing douglasishere.com Unfortunately there is no way to insert into the middle of a file without re-writing it.
As previous posters have indicated, you can append to a file or overwrite part of it using seek but if you want to add stuff at the beginning or the middle, you'll have to rewrite it. Oct 07, · As the title goes, how do I write something to a file, overwriting file contents in the process in Python?Status: Resolved.
Overwriting a file in python do i always have to type
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Overwriting a file in python - Stack Overflow


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Updated: November 16, 2022
sexwork sexworker decrim decriminalization sexworkiswork
This is a heavily loaded topic, so I'm just going to touch the surface in this blog post.
Why use the term 'sex worker' rather than 'prostitute'? The term 'sex worker' recognizes that sex work is work. Prostitution, on the other hand, has connotations of criminality and immorality.
Sex workers sell sex in order to earn a livelihood. There are many kinds of sex workers, ranging from fssw to online sex work. The reason why people get into sex work are limitless. Some find that sex work pays better than civilian jobs and provides better working conditions due to disability and mental health issues, while others pursue sex work to explore and express their sexuality.
'Sex Worker' vs 'Prostitute'
Those who sell sexual services prefer the term 'sex worker' and find the term 'prostitute' demeaning and stigmatizing, as it contributes to their exclusion from health, legal, and social services. I can attest to this.
Human trafficking is a horrific human rights violation involving the threat or use of force, abduction, deception, or other forms of coercion for the purpose of exploitation. This may include forced labor, sexual exploitation, slavery, and more. Sex work, on the other hand, is a consensual transaction between consenting adults, where the act of selling or buying sexual services is not a violation of human rights. Conflating trafficking with sex work can be harmful and counterproductive. However, the two terms are often used interchangeably which creates great confusion. In addition, the terms 'sex work' and 'prostitution' have been used interchangeably, which also leads to great confusion, as well as consequences to sex workers. By conflating terms, sex workers argue that Canada's existing adult prostitution laws are unconstitutional and violate the rights of sex workers.
Decriminalizing and destigmatizing sex work are important goals of the sex workers' rights movement. Advocates suggest that decriminalization has the potential to make the activity of prostitution safer.
There is a clear distinction between so-called forced prostitution (trafficking) and free prostitution (sex work). Advocates suggest that people have a right to choose sex work as an occupation, and that if they choose that occupation, they have the right to engage in it without violations of their human rights. That is why decriminalization is important.
Criminalization of sex work comprises sex workers health and safety by driving sex work underground. Criminalization includes everything from criminalizing the sale and purchase of sexual services, to blanket prohibitions on management of sex work. It makes it harder for sex workers to negotiate terms with clients, work together with other sex workers for safety, and carry condoms without fear that they will be used as evidence of prostitution. For example, I had a friend of mine, who was advised not to carry condoms across the border when she was going to meet a client of hers for a FMTY, and instead advised to purchase them upon arrival. Of course she did, but the fact that she couldn't carry them with her raises several issues.
Sex workers in many settings report extreme levels of violence and harassment in connection with their work, including from clients, managers, and police. Criminalization makes it difficult for sex workers to report violations (such as stolen time/ money, rape and abuse) especially by the police, because they are vulnerable to incarceration, further abuse, and retribution. This perpetuates stigma, violence, and impunity, which further endanger sex workers' health and safety.
Many opponents of sex work acknowledge the harms that result from criminalizing sex workers and support a system that criminalizes buyers and third parties—such as managers or brothel owners—but not sex workers themselves. This kind of criminalization, which is often referred to as the 'Swedish' or 'Nordic Model', which seeks to end demand for sex work while treating sex workers as victims rather than criminals.This model further perpetuates stigma against sex workers, leading to discrimination in social services, housing, and health care. It does not address the fundamental problem of criminalization, driving sex work further underground and pushing sex workers away from safety and services.
Criminalization and stigma do make sex work circumstantially harmful.
The only true answer is decriminalization, which means removal of criminal and administrative penalties that apply specifically to sex work, creating an enabling environment for sex workers health and safety. For decriminalization to work, it must be accompanied by a recognition of sex work as work, allowing sex work to be governed by labour law and protections similar to other jobs. While decriminalization does not resolve all challenges that sex workers face, it is a necessary condition to realize sex workers' human rights.


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Science has never been so cuddly! Introduce budding, young scientists to the basic organs and systems of the human body. Unbutton the doll's chest to explore the organs inside. Match the different organs to different body systems. Squeeze the heart, lungs and stomach to hear different sounds!
Includes: 1 doll 18" (46 cm) tall, 7 organs approximately 3½" (9 cm) and guide.
- Fun way to introduce students to the basic organs
- Students can connect sounds with different organs
- Great way to learn what organs go with what body system


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Online games promoting food items prompt children to consume more energy-dense foods – regardless of the kind of food the games promote, suggests new research from the Netherlands.
The research, published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, sought to investigate the snack choices of children aged 8-10 who played advergames featuring high calorie snacks compared to those who played games featuring fruit or non-food items.
They predicted that advergames promoting energy-dense snacks would increase the children's intake of energy-dense snacks, while those promoting fruit would increase fruit intake – but they found that promotion of any food, whether fruit or energy-dense snacks, increased intake of energy-dense snacks.
"Our findings illustrate that fruit advergames can affect energy-dense snack intake rather than fruit intake," the authors wrote. "The results of the current study advance the current knowledge base regarding advergames that promote energy-dense snacks and fruit by expanding the literature from selection and preferences to actual behaviour."
They noted that previous research has suggested links between children's exposure to advertising of energy-dense foods and increased consumption, and added that further investigation was required to fully understand how advergames and similar forms of digital marketing affect children's snack choices.
A group of 270 children was split into four conditions: One played a game promoting confectionery, a second played a game promoting fruit, a third played a game promoting a non-food toy, and a fourth played no game. After five minutes of play, the children were allowed a snack from a selection of fruits and confectionery.
They found that children who played a game promoting food consumed much more energy than those who did not. Those who played the confectionery game consumed an average of 202 calories, and those who played the fruit game consumed 183 calories.
In contrast, those who played the toy-promoting game consumed an average of 130 calories, while those who played no game consumed 106 calories.
"Additional research is needed to examine the psychological mechanisms that can explain the individual susceptibility to advergames and to measure the effects of these games on the health-related behaviors of children," the researchers wrote.
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
First published online ahead of print doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.047126.
"The effect of playing advergames that promote energy-dense snacks or fruit on actual food intake among children"
Authors: Frans Folkvord, Doeschka J Anschu¨tz, Moniek Buijzen, and Patti M Valkenburg


text:
Location of Canaveral Harbor: 145 miles south of Jacksonville and 70 miles north of Fort Pierce
Canaveral Harbor history: Created in 1951 by an artificial cut through the barrier beach to provide access to a turning basin in the Banana River, jetties completed in 1954
Lift of lock: Varies by tide stage in Canaveral Harbor and water level in the Banana River. Normal maximum difference in water levels is 3 to 4 feet.
How water level is changed: By releasing water from the ocean side to the Banana River side or vice versa
Lock staff: Five Corps of Engineers personnel
Major commodities through lock: Petroleum, NASA Shuttle booster rockets, commercial fishing vessels
Lock usage: Any vessel with draft up to 12 feet, no charge for lockage. Lockage takes 20 to 30 minutes.
Lock cost: $5.6 million total (includes bridges, roads, barge canal enlargement), cost of lock $2.96 million