text:
Battalion Chief, San Francisco Fire Department
- Appointed to the Department from the truckman's list, November 6, 1903, age 21
- Assigned to Truck Co. No. 4
- Other assignments as a fireman: 1905, Engine Co. No. 36, 1910, Truck Co. No. 10
- Appointed Lieutenant, October 1, 1913
- Assigned to Engine Co. No. 20
- Appointed Captain, April 1, 1916
- Appointed Battalion Chief, February 7, 1919
- Retired, March 1944
- Died - 1945
Chief Bowlen followed the footsteps of his father, Thomas, who was a member of Hose Co. No. 3, 1880
HOW BATTALION CHIEF BOWLEN STARTED AN INTEREST IN THE HISTORY OF THE S.F.F.D.
Three Decades of Smoke and Flames:
When on July 2, 1929, Mill Valley in Marin County went afire, Battalion Chief Frederick J. Bowlen was chosen by Acting Chief Engineer Charles J. Brennan to answer that city's call for aid. Four powerful pumping engines and hose wagons, together with a chemical fire engine and a crew of 50 officers and men were on their way within 12 minutes after the call reached San Francisco. Fire companies from neighboring towns were also on the scene.
On the hills where the greatest volume of fire was centered a 25-mile an hour wind was blowing. It was a fight against every vicious agency of nature. In the first place the humidity was so low that buildings were bursting into flame long before the oncoming sweep of fire reached them. On the scene, soldiers from the Presidio and Fort Baker, a crew from a Coast, Guard cutter, 25 San Francisco policemen and thousands of civilians were valiantly attempting to help.
Chief Bowlen made a rapid survey of the fire and started out at once to save the business district. Powerful streams were played on house tops, on nearby trees, and in other places high into the air. It was the making of an artificial rain that helped to raise the humidity to a point above which spontaneous ignition was liable to occur. These streams were kept wide open for hours as there was a plentiful water supply in the downtown area.
Meanwhile, several companies were fighting in the upper area, and the fight was won. Chief Bowlen generously admits the danger point was overcome by a change of wind about 9 o'clock that night.
Fight Another Proof of Unsurpassed Efficiency:
The fight had been handled in a remarkable manner — one more, record to be placed beside thousands of others in the history of the officers and men of the most efficient fire department in the world. (This rating of the SFFD is attested to by visiting fire officials from all over the world after inspections here.)
After the embers had cooled, a meeting was held in Mill Valley and Chief Bowlen called across to give suggestions for future safeguards. As he was leaving the hall, he was approached by a visitor from New York, who said she had a 12-year-old son. Would the chief some time tell the lad about firefighting in general? Bowlen said he would sit down and write a few stories for the boy. He did. But young Laurence M. Symmes Jr. of New York requested more by mail. These were supplied, but more were demanded.
So Chief Bowlen found himself digging into the history of the department to supply the curiosity of a small boy. From such a small incident has come the first accurate and complete history of the San Francisco Fire Department. In his office in the firehouse on Eighteenth Avenue the chief now has a cabinet filled with 63 volumes that contain 22,000 typewritten pages. A rough estimate places this remarkable history at 6,600,000 words.
Only Reward Leaving Record to Posterity:
A labor of love, Chief Bowlen calls it. And that is what it is. He expects to make nothing from it; he only desires that before he goes he will have left behind the true record of the service he has loved and of the work that has given him great happiness.
The man whose tireless effort brought into existence this history that The Chronicle will publish is well capable in every way for its telling. He was born and reared in San Francisco, coming from a pioneer family. His father was a fireman and later a police officer. In 1903, Frederick J. Bowlen joined the department as a member of Truck Company No. 4. He experienced the trying days of the great fire of April, 1906. Now he ranks as senior Battalion Chief in the department. (1939)
Knowing that man is, of course not immortal, the Chief has made arrangements that his work be carried on after his retirement By legal means he has decreed that the volumes will go into the hands of Louis W. Hage, a fireman attached to his division, who is already well into the work. Young Hage, only six years in the department, has already done a great amount of research and was chosen to "carry on" because of his keen interest.
Painstaking Search For Data Unending:
Ten years of so many allotted hours a day, vacation visits to the Huntington Library and San Marino, the State Library at Sacramento, the Jenny Weir collection of historical matter at Reno, trips into the Mother Lode country where still many of our pioneer societies are. These are only part of Bowlen's search for the facts.
Every record of the fire department went into smoke and ash in the great fire of 1906. That meant a start under the greatest difficulty for every scrap of information.
And yet today, Chief Bowlen has several hundred pictures, most of which no one thought were in existence. He has a complete roster of the members of the department from 1849. These include the Volunteers, the Exempts and the Paid departments. The name and history of practically every man who ever signed the fire rolls; stories of the heroes; lives of every chief, fire marshal are in the volumes.
And bound there in the cabinet for posterity are compilations of causes of fires, the history and romance of early day fire bells, detailed accounts of firemen injured or killed, social affairs, parades, records of the pioneer engines and what happened to them, the origin of our water supply, a long record of every notable fire since 1847, (alarms since 1775), even stories of each firehorse—and countless other data unbelievable in scope.
From this mass of material, Battalion Chief Frederick J. Bowlen has now got down to concrete effort—writing of the History of the San Francisco Fire Department. From these volumes he is taking the essential facts, the tales of heroism, the valuable reports, the details of history that will make one complete, honest, accurate account.
Battalion Chief Frederick J. Bowlen was yesterday (1939) notified that he had been made an honorary member of the famous pioneer Liberty Engine Company No. 1, Gold Hill, Nevada. Notification came on an original highly-colored lithographic certificate, dated May 22, 1867. Gold Hill, once a teeming mining city, is now practically a ghost city, but its Fire Department is maintained with all the ancient traditions.
Back to the Top


variable to early (PSALLOC=early).
Garbage collection of paging space
AIX 7 also supports garbage collection of paging space, which means that disk space used as paging blocks can be forcibly recovered in the event of your machine running out of paging space for a particular workload and set of applications. Garbage collection can be used to help eke out even more memory from your system and help improve the performance in workloads with a range of applications being used concurrently.
This allows you to configure less paging space than you might necessarily need by allowing pages to be recovered. Garbage collection works in a number of configurable ways through the deferred page space allocation policy. The default method is to perform the collection after the pages have been read back into memory. In this case, the pages are stored on disk, and also exist in memory, but are not deleted from the disk so that if the page has to be written out again (but with no changes), there is no performance hit.
There are two key parameters, npsrpgmin and npsrpgmax, which set the number of blocks when re-pagein garbage collection starts and then it should stop. Two further parameters, rpgclean and rpgcontrol, specify how the garbage collection should operate.
The rpgclean parameter defines whether the garbage collection is started on pages that are modified (the default, 0), or pages that are simply read from the paging space (1). Setting to the latter may increase the incidences of garbage collection and make more pages available, but may impact performance.
The rpgcontrol supports three options and controls when garbage collection is performed with reference to the npsrpgmin and npsrpgmax options. The default value of 2 specifies that garbage collection occurs irrespective of the limits. A value of 1 indicates that read accesses are processed. A value of 0 disable freeing of paging space disk blocks.
All settings can configured using the vmo tool.
An alternative to the garbage collection when pages are read in and written out is for the kernel process pgsc to scrub memory, identifying the pages that have been written to disk, but which now appear in memory and that have not been written out to disk again. This frees the paged blocks on the paging device so that they can be used by other applications.
Page scrubbing is a more intensive process than the pagein scrubbing, but has the benefit that it can free pages that have been created on disk but which are never actually written to the paging space.
Like pagein scrubbing, the operation is configured by vmo. The npscrubmin and npscrubmax parameters specify the number of free paging space blocks where scrubbing starts and when it stops.
The scrub parameter enables or disables scrubbing (default is disabled). The scrubclean parameter enables or disables the scrubbing of pages that are allocated but which have not been modified.
For both types of page scrubbing, on systems where the paging space is regularly low, you may want to configure a more aggressive scrubbing schedule to make more pages available for all the applications and workload that you need to support.
To better understand your paging requirements, let's first look at how to monitor your page space.
Monitoring and configuring paging space
In this section, we'll show you how to monitor the paging space on your system. We'll also discuss the various commands used for configuring paging space and other tools that help you work with paging space as a systems administrator.
The simplest way of determining the amount of paging space used on your system is by running the lsps command (see Listing 3).
Listing 3. Running the lsps command
# lsps -s
Total Paging Space Percent Used
 768MB 3%
You looked earlier at the -a flag. We prefer using the -s flag, because the -a flag shows only paging space that is being used while the -s command gives you a summary of all paging space allocated, including space allocated using early page space allocation. Of course, this only applies if the default method of paging allocation was turned off.
Next on the plate is vmstat. Part 2 of this series discussed vmstat in great detail, which is one of our favorite VMM monitoring tools. We find that it is the quickest way to determine what is going on in your system. If there is a lot of paging and thrashing going on, you will find it here.
Let's look at some output shown in Listing 4.
Listing 4. Using vmstat
# vmstat 1 5
System Configuration: lcpu=2 mem=4096MB
kthr memory page faults cpu
----- ----------- ------------------------ ------------ -----------
r b avm fre re pi po fr sr cy in sy cs us sy id wa pc ec
1 0 419284 18634 0 0 0 0 0 0 231 20152 529 6 62 32 0 0.92 368.5
1 0 418879 19038 0 0 0 0 0 0 231 18725 500 6 63 32 0 0.89 357.1
1 0 419644 18274 0 0 0 0 0 0 251 19784 526 6 63 31 0 0.91 365.3
1 0 419970 17948 0 0 0 0 0 0 153 19319 514 6 62 32 0 0.91 365.1
1 0 419575 18343 0 0 0 0 0 0 142 19617 535 6 62 32 0 0.95 378.8
The columns most meaningful for your purposes here are:
 - avm—This column represents the amount of active virtual memory (in 4k pages) you are using, not including file pages.
 - fre—This column represents the size of your memory free list. In most cases, we don't worry when this is small, as AIX 7 loves using every last drop of memory and does not return it as fast as you might like. This setting is determined by the minfree parameter of the vmo command. At the end of the day, the paging information is more important.
 - pi—This column represents the pages paged in from the paging space.
 - po—This column represents the pages paged out to the paging space.
As you can see in Listing 4, there is essentially no paging going on in the system.
Listing 5 shows an example of a system that is probably thrashing.
Listing 5. Possible thrashing system
# vmstat 2 3
System Configuration: lcpu=4 mem=4096MB
kthr memory page faults cpu
----- ----------- ------------------------ ------------ -----------
r b avm fre re pi po fr sr cy in sy cs us sy id wa pc ecs
1 0 421128 36893 0 57 129 29 43 0 257 19123 581 6 63 32 0 0.94 374.3
1 0 422808 11079 0 49 384 91 199 0 358 18182 496 13 63 24 0 0.95 381.8
1 0 420776 37703 0 45 117 0 0 0 192 19392 550 6 63 31 0 0.95 381.6
1 0 421073 37406 0 0 0 0 0 0 157 20342 502 6 61 33 0 0.94 377.2
1 0 421119 37353 0 0 0 0 0 0 131 18633 507 6 62 32 0 0.88 352.8
1 0 420748 37717 0 0 0 0 0 0 154 19737 534 6 62 32 0 0.92 369.1
How can you tell this? First of all, look at the po column. This signifies that pages are consistently being moved back and forth between disk and RAM. You should also see a bottleneck on your system, as the blocked processes and wait times are abnormally high. The freelist is also lower than it should be. In looking at the freelist with the vmo command, you determined that the number was 120. This means that this number should not be falling below the 120 mark. Ordinarily, we would say it is not a problem when your freelist is low but, in this case, it is below where it should be. When this occurs, it usually signifies that thrashing is going on in your system. A classic sign of thrashing is when the operating system attempts to release resources by first warning processes to release paging space and then killing entire processes. In tuning vmo parameters, you can help set the thresholds when thrashing starts. You can also look at memory usage with either topas or nmon.
What about maintaining the size of your paging space? You do this with the swap command (see Listing 6) in AIX 7 or by using the individual mkps and chps commands create paging space with logical partitions.
Listing 6. Using the swap command
# swap -l
device maj,min total free
/dev/hd6 10, 2 768MB


text:
At the peak of his career, he was dubbed "The World's Greatest Entertainer". His performing style was brash and extroverted, and he popularized many songs that benefited from his "shamelessly sentimental, melodramatic approach. Although Married ladies wants hot sex Bainbridge remembered today Bainbrodge the star of the first talking picture, The Jazz Singerhe starred in a series of successful musical films during the s.
After a period of inactivity, his stardom returned with The Jolson Story padies, for which Larry Parks played Jolson, with the singer dubbing for Parks. The formula was repeated in a sequel, Jolson Sings Again He died weeks after returning to the U.Mwm Seeks Mwf For Discrete Passionate Hot Play Sessions
According to music historian Larry Stempel, "No one had heard anything quite like it before on Broadway. Jolson has been dubbed "the king of blackface " performers, a theatrical convention since the midth century. With his dynamic style of singing jazz and blues, he became widely successful by extracting traditionally African-American music and popularizing it for Married ladies wants hot sex Bainbridge American audiences who were otherwise not receptive to the originators.
In an essay written in the 21st century, Ted Gioia of the Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia remarked, "If blackface has its shameful poster boy, it is Al Jolson", showcasing Jolson's complex legacy in American society.
Al Jolson was born Asa Yoelson Yiddish: Jolson did not know his date of birth, as birth records were not kept at that time in that region, and he gave his birth year as Inhis father, who was qualified as a rabbi and cantormoved to New York City to secure a better Married ladies wants hot sex Bainbridge for his family. ByMoses Yoelson could afford to pay the fare to bring Nechama and their four children to the U. Jolson's mother, Naomi, died at 37 in earlyand he was in a state of withdrawal for seven months.
He spent time at the St. After being introduced to show business in by Al ReevesJolson and Hirsch became fascinated by it, and by the brothers were singing for coins on local street corners, using the names "Al" and "Harry". Married ladies wants hot sex Bainbridge often used the money to buy tickets to the National Theater. In the spring ofJolson accepted a job with Walter L. Main's circus. Although Main had hired him as an usher, Chat line for Akron Ohio was impressed by Jolson's singing voice and gave him a position as a singer during the circus's Indian Medicine Side Show segment.
In Maythe head producer of the burlesque show Dainty Duchess Burlesquers agreed to give Jolson a part in one show. He Married ladies wants hot sex Bainbridge "Be My Baby Bumble Bee", and the producer agreed to keep him, but the show closed by the end of the year.
Searching Swinger Couples Married ladies wants hot sex Bainbridge
He avoided financial troubles by forming a vaudeville partnership with his brother Hirsch, a vaudeville performer known as Harry Yoelson. The brothers worked for the William Morris Agency.
During their time with Palmer, they were able to gain bookings in a nationwide tour. However, live performances were falling in popularity as nickelodeons attracted audiences; bynickelodeon theaters were dominant throughout New York City. While performing in a Brooklyn theater in Jolson began performing in blackfacewhich boosted his career.
He began wearing blackface in all of his shows. In lateHarry left the trio after an argument with Is there anybody to love. Harry had refused his request to Married ladies wants hot sex Bainbridge care of Joe Palmer, who was in a wheelchair.
Want People To Fuck Married ladies wants hot sex Bainbridge
After Harry's departure, Jolson and Palmer worked as a duo but were not particularly successful. By they agreed to separate, and Jolson was on his own. In Jolson, needing money for himself and his new wife, Henrietta, returned to New York. Inhis singing caught the attention of Lew Dockstaderthe producer and star of Dockstader's Minstrels. Jolson accepted Dockstader's offer and became a Fuck u n ur car performer.
According to Esquire magazine, " J. Shubertimpressed by Jolson's overpowering display of energy, booked him for La Belle Pareea musical comedy that opened at the Winter Garden in Married ladies wants hot sex Bainbridge a month Jolson was a star.
Ladies wants sex tonight MD Bainbridge I Wanting Horny People
From then untilwhen he retired from the stage, he could boast an unbroken series of smash hits. La Belle Paree helped start his career as a singer. Opening night drew a large crowd, and became popular with the audience by Stephen Foster songs in blackface.
He was given a position in the show's cast. The show closed after performances.
Ladies wants sex tonight MD Bainbridge Neglected Hot Married Searching Woman For Sex Cute Female Looking For A Grown Woman 25 Brooklyn Divorced woman want porno orgy Glendale Biography section of B&N in mature women Hot wife want sex encounter - Hot lady want dating Ill undress you. looking for a fuck buddy Like the says i'm looking for a girlfriend I am married But I want more sex then what im getting would life a girl that's Married herself but.
After Vera Violetta closed, Jolson starred in another musical, The Whirl of Societypropelling his career on Broadway to new heights. During his time at the Winter Garden, Jolson told the audience, "You ain't heard nothing yet" before performing additional songs.
In the play, he debuted his signature blackface character "Gus. InRobinson Crusoe, Jr.Beautiful Housewives Seeking Sex Personals Delaware
Inhis acting career was pushed further after he starred in the hit musical Sinbad. Jolson added " My Mammy ". Byhe had Married ladies wants hot sex Bainbridge the biggest star on Broadway. His next play, Bombobecame so successful that it went beyond Broadway to performances nationwide. At the age of 35, Jolson was the youngest man in American history to have a theatre named after him. Out of fear, he lost his eex backstage and begged the stagehands not to raise the curtains. But when the curtains went up, he Swinger party 29032 [still] standing in the wings trembling and sweating.
In Marchhe moved the production to the larger Century Theater for a benefit performance to aid injured Jewish veterans of World War I. The reviewer for Married ladies wants hot sex Bainbridge New York Times wrote, "He returned like the circus, bigger and brighter and newer than ever Last night's audience was flatteringly unwilling to go home, and when the show proper was over, Jolson reappeared before the curtain and sang Maried songs, old and new.
To watch him is to marvel at his humorous vitality. He is the Lingle WY wife swapping minstrel man turned to modern account. With a song, a word, or even a suggestion he calls forth spontaneous laughter. And here you have the definition of a born comedian.
This simulation of a stage performance Married ladies wants hot sex Bainbridge Jolson was presented in a program of musical shorts, demonstrating the Vitaphone sound-film process. The soundtrack for A Plantation Housewives personals in Pine AZ was considered lost in but was found in and restored by The Vitaphone Project.
Warner Bros. He told Jessel that he would have to sing in the movie, and Jessel balked, allowing Warner to replace him with Jolson. Jessel never got over it and often said that Warner gave the role to Jolson because he agreed to help finance the film. Harry Warner 's daughter, Doris, remembered the opening night, and said that when the picture started she was still crying over the loss of her beloved uncle Sam.
He was planning to be at the performance Married ladies wants hot sex Bainbridge died suddenly at the age of 40, the day before.
But halfway through the minute movie she began to be overtaken by a Martied that something remarkable was happening. Jolson's "Wait a minute" line provoked shouts of pleasure and applause from the audience, who were dumbfounded by seeing, hearing, someone speak on a film for the first time.
So much so that the double-entendre was missed at first. After each Jolson song, the audience applauded. Excitement mounted as the film progressed, and when Jolson began his scene with Eugenie Besserer"the audience became hysterical. According to film historian Scott Eyman"by the film's end, the Warner brothers wanrs shown an audience Women wants sex Mims they had never known, moved them in a way they hadn't expected.
The tumultuous ovation at curtain proved that Jolson was not merely the right man for the part of Jackie Rabinowitz, alias Jack Robin; he was the right Married ladies wants hot sex Bainbridge for the entire transition from silent Married ladies wants hot sex Bainbridge to talking realism.
Better first dates Wives seeking casual sex Seadrift
The audience, transformed into what one critic called, 'a milling, battling mob' stood, stamped, and cheered 'Jolson, Jolson, Jolson!
Vitaphone was intended for musical renditions, and The Jazz Singer follows this principle, with only the musical sequences using live sound recording. AMrried moviegoers were electrified when the silent actions were interrupted periodically for a song sequence with Married ladies wants hot sex Bainbridge singing and sound.
Jolson's dynamic voice, physical mannerisms

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
MIMBRES PAINTED POTTERY, REVISED EDITION
by J. J. Brody
This lively, engaging work will interest archaeologists, art historians, and all people who enjoy the beauty of Mimbres pottery. Featuring more than one hundred new illustrations and insights drawn from a lifetime of study and contemplation, this book is much more than a revised edition; it establishes a new standard for the artistic interpretation of a classic Southwestern culture for the new century.
"Like its predecessor, this updated study- with it authoritative text and several hundred color and black-and-white illustrations – is the first and last word in Mimbres art and civilization."- Bruce Dinges, Journal of Arizona History.
2004 264 color & black-and-white illustrations, maps, tables, appendices, notes, references, index, 8×10
Cloth, ISBN 978-1-930618-66-4 $39.95 Signed copies available
Paper. ISBN978-_PHONE_-5 $34.95 Signed copies available


Home Article
International Journal of Healthcare Simulation
image
How to build a simulation-based research team
Article Type: Key Concepts, Article History
Table of Contents
Smith and Tallentire: How to build a simulation-based research team
Declarations
Authors' contributions
SS and VT discussed the concepts for inclusion. SS drafted the infographic, which was critically reviewed by VT. Both authors approved the final version of the infographic.
Funding
None declared.
Availability of data and materials
None declared.
Ethics approval and consent to participate
None declared.
Competing interests
None declared.
References
1.
Wuchty S, Jones BF, Uzzi B. The increasing dominance of teams in production of knowledge. Science. 2007;316(5827):_PHONE_.
2.
Battista A, Konopasky AW, Yoon MH. Programs of research in healthcare simulation. In: Nestel D, Hui J, Kunkler K, Scerbo M, Calhoun A, editors. Healthcare simulation research. Cham: Springer. 2019. p. 1520.
3.
Bearman M, Cheng A, Nadkarni VM, Nestel D. Unpacking the social dimensions of research: how to get started in healthcare simulation research. In: Nestel D, Hui J, Kunkler K, Scerbo M, Calhoun A, editors. Healthcare simulation research. Cham: Springer. 2019. p. 333340
4.
Cheng A, Kessler D, Mackinnon R, et al. Conducting multicenter research in healthcare simulation: lessons learned from the INSPIRE network. Advances in Simulation. 2017;2:6.
5.
Belbin M. Management teams: why they succeed or fail. Human Resource Management International Digest. 2011;19(3):2538.


text:
|Image from The Life of King Edward the Confessor: Exract from Folio 9r:Edward is received in England, and is crowned.|
Images of several of our important collections available online:
- Newton papers
A collection documents Sir Isaac Newton's writings and ideas consisting primarily of letters to and from 17th and 18th century scientists, including Oughtred, Cavendish, Briggs, Fermat, Oldenburg, Halley, Boyle, and others.
- Gutenberg Bible.
The first substantial work printed in Europe from moveable metal type, the so-called Gutenberg or 42-line Bible, produced in Mainz around 1455 by Johann Gutenberg, Johann Fust and Peter Schoeffer.
- Conrad Martens Sketchbooks I and III
Two of the sketchbooks of the artist who accompanied Darwin on the voyage of the Beagle.
- Book of Deer
Images from the illuminated tenth-century Gospel book (MS. Ii.6.32).
- Genizah Collection
Digitized images of some of the Taylor-Schechter Genizah Fragments held by Cambridge University Library.
- MS. Ee.3.59: The Life of King Edward the Confessor
The only copy of an illustrated Anglo-Norman verse Life of St Edward the Confessor, written in England probably in the later 1230s or early 1240s, and preserved in this manuscript, executed c. 1250-60.
- Royal Commonwealth Society Photograph Project
The RCS photograph gallery seeks to demonstrate the variety of photographs contained in the RCS Collection. It contains over 700 digitised images, dating from the late 19th century to the mid-1980s.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
reveals hydrological response of the cave to extreme rainfall events in the Midwest, USA. Cave-flooding events
are identified within the two samples by the presence of detrital layers composed of clay sized particles.
Comparison with instrumental records of precipitation demonstrates a strong correlation between these
cave-flood events and extreme rainfall observed in the Upper Mississippi Valley. A simple model is developed
to assess the nature of rainfall capable of flooding the cave. The model is first calibrated to the last 50-yr
(1950–1998 A.D.) instrumental record of daily precipitation data for the town of Spring Valley and verified
with the first 50 yr of record from 1900 to 1949 A.D. Frequency analysis shows that these extreme flood events
have increased from the last half of the nineteenth century. Comparison with other paleohydrological records
shows increased occurrence of extreme rain events during periods of higher moisture availability. Our study
implies that increased moisture availability in the Midwestern region, due to rise in temperature from global
warming could lead to an increase in the occurrence of extreme rainfall events.
Is this getting as boring for everyone else as it is for me?


Trust Compliance
Ownership has always been one of the most contentious elements within a B-BBEE transaction. Many companies have however recently opted to set up various different trust structures. If these are strategically thought out and have both the input of legal and tax expert's they have the potential to be extremely valuable, in leading transformation within a business.
Often there is a perception that the trust is just passive and is just dictated to by the company. It is however within the codes extremely clear that the relationship that exists between the company and a trust needs to be at armslength, failing which the transaction is deemed to be fronting.
The failure of a trustees to comply with the trust deed may just be downfall at verification, when the ownership points cannot be claimed………
How to make sure your trust's compliance tick's the boxes at verification time!
 1. Is the original letter of authority in the hands of the trustees?
 2. Has the initial donation been made as provided for in the trust deed?
 3. Do the trustees understand the TPCA (Trust Property Control Act) and its relevant principles and are they familiar with the contents of the trust deed and obligations of the specific trust?
 4. Are the trustees complying with their fiduciary obligations? They are accountable to the beneficiaries, failing which they're in breach, and could incur personal liability.
 5. Is the relationship that exists between the company and trust at arms-length?
 6. How are funding issues dealt with if the trust receives no OR insufficient dividends from the company? As this could possibly result in disgruntled beneficiaries.
In terms of the Companies Act a company is prohibited from declaring dividends if it fails the solvency and liquidity test.
(This list is not exhaustive, and neither may it be construed as legal advice)
It must however be noted that if trusts aren't COMPLIANT with the trust deed, B-BBEE points cannot be claimed.
Only a compliant trust is sustainable!


text:
SPONTANEOUS TRAIT TRANSFEENCE
KEY WORDS: SPONTANEOUS TRAIT TRANSFERENCE,
COMMUNICATION, TRAIT ACTIVATION, TRAIT ASSOCIATION, TRAIT INFLUENCE
This study examined how spontaneous trait transference could effect communication. Spontaneous trait transference (STT) occurs if a speaker attributes positive or negative traits to an acquaintance and the listener incorrectly attributes those traits to the speaker. This study investigated if STT occurs under relatively natural stimuli. Also investigated was whether or not STT is an uncontrollable phenomenon or if by making people aware of STT can aid them in trying to avoid making misattributions. Participants included forty-four college students, the average age was 18. The participants were shown slides of individuals along with audible descriptions in the first trial and then instructed to make correct photograph/ trait associations in the second trial. The results suggest that spontaneous trait transference does occur under relatively natural stimuli and even by forewarning persons of STT and instructing them to avoid making misattributions, the errors were still made. Results were also compared to a related study on STT by Skowronski, Carlston, and Crawford (1998) and found to be similar.
measures for this study consisted of the subject recalling the correct
trait of each photo, the correct description of each photo (self or acquaintance),
and the subjectís ability to match the photo to the correct trait and the
correct description. The independent variable in this study was whether
or not the subject was informed of the STT effect and instructed to avoid
The data from this study was analyzed with an independent samples t-test.
The participants that were familiar with STT recalled a greater number of traits (significant at the.07 level) (M=.71, SD=.20) than the group unfamiliar with STT (M=.57,SD=.25) (see Figure 1 for results). The amount of correct descriptions was comparable between the group unfamiliar with STT (M=.51, SD=.20) and the group familiar with STT (M=.48, SD=.23). The amount of correct traits paired with correct descriptions varied marginally between the group unfamiliar with STT (M=.42, SD=.20) and the group familiar with STT (M=.35, SD=.22).
The independent samples t-test showed that the group unfamiliar with STT had greater difficulty in trait recall than the group made familiar with STT, t(42)=-1.97, p<.05. A second independent samples t-test revealed only a marginal difference in the amount of correct descriptions between the 2 groups, t(42)=.582, p<.05. The final independent samples t-test showed that there was also only a marginal difference in the amount of correct traits paired with correct descriptions between the 2 groups t=1.071, p<.05
The results revealed that the group familiar with STT was able to more easily recall traits than the group unfamiliar with STT. However, they had greater difficulty than the group unfamiliar with STT in recalling correct descriptions and correct traits paired with correct descriptions. The hypothesis proposed that there would be no difference between the 2 groups on the 3 dependent variables, accordingly, the hypothesis was accepted at the.05 level for all variables but not at the.07 level for trait recall.
This study has provided evidence that spontaneous trait transference occurs even under more natural circumstances than observed in Skowronski et. al, (1998). Furthermore, it was reinforced that the effects of STT are uncontrollable and even if forewarned of the nature of STT, one can not avoid itsí repercussions.
Moreover, because spontaneous trait transference still occurred even under more real-life circumstances, it more than likely engaged the participants in many of the cognitive processes that real-life situations generate. Therefore, it can be inferred that STT is a persistent associational phenomenon that affects impressions of people who talk about othersí behavior.
It would be impetuous to conclude, however, that spontaneous trait transference is present in every aspect of life. It does not seem likely that people are universally identified as having the traits they describe in others, also future research may discover other extenuating factors. For example, STT may be less likely to occur in the context of acquaintances, friends, or family members because the communicator is already known to the perceiver, consequently already viewed as possessing certain traits. Conversely, STT may reinforce expectancies unjustly attributed to a person already known. The effects of prior knowledge of the communicator have not yet been examined and future research may yield additional findings.
Nevertheless, the current study has shown additional support that spontaneous trait transference is a robust occurrence that can occur under relatively natural stimuli. This may suggest that gossip and other forms of social communication may have surprising and inadvertent consequences for the communicator. This may also indicate that communicators who want to be perceived in a certain way should simply describe the traits that they would like to be associated with. Thus, it adds new meaning to the saying, "Iím rubber, youíre glue what you say bounces off me and sticks to you."

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
NCASE Resource Library
The 2011 NAA national Core Knowledge and Competencies (CKCs) have been revised in 2021 with an eye toward equity and culturally responsive practices. The retitled Core Knowledge, Skills, and Competencies (CKSCs) reflect updated research and best practices in promoting equity, inclusion, access, and antiracism in youth work.
These evidence-based standards foster nutrition and physical activity outcomes for children in grades K-12 attending out-of-school time programs. Originally developed in 2011 and then adopted and disseminated by the National Afterschool Association, the standards were refreshed in 2018.


text:
Project "Predictive Model of Industrial Employability"
The Chair of Management Accounting has received notification from the DFG that funding will be made available over the next 3 years for the intended project "Predictive Model of Industrial Employability". The project will be implemented jointly with the Chair of Production Metrology and Quality Management (Prof. Dr. Robert Schmitt).
The overarching objective is the development and testing of a Predictive Model of Industrial Employability (PMIE) that enables organisations to deduce organizational development (OD) interventions on the individual and organisational level. The proposed research project contributes to this objective by developing such a general model and by applying it to a representative sample of companies from the automotive and machine tool industries. If the model proves to be useful in these industries, the generalizability should be examined in further industries. This scientific approach is based on the idea of providing a practical theory and concrete artefacts to address technological and demographic challenges. It is meant to support organizations in facing the challenges that result from the on-going technological and demographic changes. These challenges include a general decrease in the size of the workforce of working age (16-67), an increase in workforce diversity, and the changing demands for competencies required of the workforce. Beyond already existing approaches, the PMIE is not limited to conceptual development. Instead, its assumptions are empirically tested to validate the model and to quantify the initially qualitative model.


text:
Bringing a historic castle back from obscurity
Henry VIII ordered the building of Sandsfoot Castle – and its partner across the water, Portland Castle – in around 1539, to jointly protect the waters of Portland Roads against the threat of foreign invasion. Standing on the cliff edge, the castle has been under attack from coastal erosion ever since it was built. Most of the ashlar stone has been lost to local building projects and thieves, and the castle has been closed to the public since the 1930s, when it was deemed unsafe.
With the aim of re-opening the castle up to the public, this project was part-funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund and consisted of conservation treatment to the stonework and the insertion of a new lightweight walkway around the interior.
The stone conservation work was carried out in lime mortars, with small-scale reinforcement and supporting interventions to conserve the castle as found. Soft cappings were installed on the wall tops as an alternative to the existing cement cappings.
The walkway is designed to be a lightweight element, sitting elegantly within the ruined castle at the level of the former floor. It touches the castle fabric in as few places as possible, with fallen ashlar stones used as padstones. The continuous timber handrail provides a comfortable place to lean, and interpretation panels along the way tell the history of the castle.
As a result of the work, Sandsfoot was taken off English Heritage's Buildings at Risk Register and is now open to the public.
Winner of the Weymouth Civic Society Special Award 2013.
Photographs: Jim Potter and Levitate


text:
This archived Web page remains online for reference, research or recordkeeping purposes. This page will not be altered or updated. Web pages that are archived on the Internet are not subject to the Government of Canada Web Standards. As per the Communications Policy of the Government of Canada, you can request alternate formats of this page on the Contact Us page.
Pediatrician and co-founder of Sainte-Justine's Children's Hospital in Montreal
Who was Dr. Irma LeVasseur? Little has been written about this woman, who changed the history of medicine in Quebec. Born to a family of artists in Quebec City in 1878, her mother (Fedora Venner) was a professional singer and her father (Louis-Nazaire LeVasseur) a writer and journalist.
LeVasseur was educated in the manner of all young girls at the time. There is nothing to indicate that she was encouraged or discouraged from taking up her chosen profession, simply that when her basic studies ended, young Irma was faced with a choice, and she decided to pursue a career in medicine. At the time, no Canadian university accepted women in medicine; to continue her studies, she was forced to move to the United States.
LeVasseur studied in Minnesota for about six years, where she became a Doctor of Medicine. Returning to Quebec in 1900, she would wait three years for the right to practise her profession. In April 1903, a private bill finally granted her admittance to the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Province of Quebec and the right to practise medicine. In the meantime, she worked as a doctor in the United States.
Upon returning to her native Quebec, LeVasseur was touched and saddened by the lack of care given to sick children. This prompted her to travel to Europe in order to learn more about early childhood diseases. In 1908, after her time abroad, she met Madame De Gaspé-Beaubien. Together they founded Hôpital Saint-Justine, where she applied her new knowledge of pediatrics. In 1915, she responded to a request for help from Canadian physicians and travelled to Serbia, where she devoted two years of her life, combating fatigue, bombings and disease.
Nothing could stop this pioneer of Quebec medicine: in 1918, LeVasseur worked in New York for the Red Cross; in 1922, back in Quebec, she invested her savings to help found the Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus; and in 1927, dissatisfied with the hospital's administration, she left and opened her own clinic for handicapped children in the faubourg of Saint-Jean-Baptiste. She also opened a school for the young disabled, which later became École Cardinal-Villeneuve.
In addition to her passion for medicine, LeVasseur was a talented painter and among the first to attend classes at the École des Beaux-Arts when it opened in 1920.
But all of this was achieved in obscurity. It was 1950 before LeVasseur's accomplishments, courage and perseverance were celebrated — by the Cercle des femmes universitaires at her golden jubilee.
Dr. Irma LeVasseur died in January 1964, without the praise and acknowledgement of the press or her peers. She spent her last days alone in poverty, a sad end for a pioneer who sacrificed everything for her province and country, as well as for children. All her life she fought for her dream: to help others and to practise the profession she loved. We undoubtedly owe women's access to Quebec medical schools and the existence of the pediatric hospitals to Dr. LeVasseur.
Hacker, Carlotta. — The indomitable lady doctors. — Toronto : Clarke, Irwin & Company Limited, c1974. — 259 p. — Also available in braille
Hacker, Carlotta. — The indomitable lady doctors [braille]. — Toronto : CNIB, [197-?]. — 7 vol. of braille]
Cinq-Mars, Alonzo. — "Une Québécoise à l'honneur". — La Patrie. — (9 juillet, 1950). P. 72
"Doctor given honor for half century in job". — Montreal gazette. — (June 22, 1950). P. 4
Michaud, Francine. — "Irma LeVassseur : pionnière, femme d'action and fondatrice méconnue". — Cap-aux-Diamants. — Vol. 1, no 2 (été 1985). — P. 3-6


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Does an accelerated charge always radiate? For example the current electrons in an electric circuit when moving through a turn they are accelerated, do they radiate because of that acceleration?
 1. If the answer is no, then why not?
 2. If the answer is yes, then how small the radiation is?
share|improve this question
Can you clarify that you're talking about synchrotron or cyclotron radiation? – endolith Aug 12 '11 at 21:50
2 Answers 2
An individual electron going around the loop would of course radiate. However, if we have a constant current going around the loop, there are many electrons and their individual radiations cancel each other, so there is no net radiation. They balance each other out. We can show their is no net radiation by solving Maxwell's equations on the net current, which is constant.
There would be some transient radiation when you change the current. Also, in the real world, there would be some infinitesimal radiation due to the fact that the current won't truly be constant at the microscopic level, i.e. because of Johnson noise etc.
share|improve this answer
I do not understand how individual radiations of many electrons would cancel each other. How can we show this using Maxwell's equations, is this a standard calculation or something? Pointing out some textbook in which this is explained (or even listed as an exercise) would be greatly appreciated and helpful. – Revo Aug 10 '11 at 19:20
Well, you can formally prove it using vector potentials and Green functions, if you are comfortable with those. However for a more intuitive take, consider a single electron going around in a loop. His total vector acceleration averaged over the loop must be zero. Now imagine many identical electrons spread around the loop; the total vector acceleration for all electrons at any instant must be the same as the loop-average for a single electron, i.e. zero. Since radiation is proportional the charge times acceleration, they cancel. – user1631 Aug 10 '11 at 19:58
Hmmm, that means a current in a superconducting ring will fade away by radiation? – Revo Aug 10 '11 at 20:11
A "shut up and calculate" way to prove that a ring with current produces no electromagnetic waves is to solve Maxwell's equations for this configuration of electric currents. Thankfully, the solution for a loop with current in infinite space is readily available. It can be found in any physics textbook under "magnetostatics", along with a sketch of magnetic field lines curling around the wire. This solution is unique. No time varying magnetic or electric fields in this solution. Therefore, no electromagnetic waves. – drlemon Aug 10 '11 at 20:35
Without appealing to Green's functions and other esoterica, an easy way to see that it doesn't radiate is that since there is no time-variation in the currents, there is no parameter that would set the frequency of the waves. You might think that the period would equal the time required for an electron to go once around the circuit, but that would be different for different types of wire because of the different drift velocities. Maxwell's equations don't have velocity in them, only current. (The time to drift around the circuit is also ~1 s, so the frequency would be ~1 Hz!) – Ben Crowell Aug 10 '11 at 20:56
Generally speaking, accelerated charges radiate. For the case of a current in a wire, the acceleration is so small that the radiation is hard or impossible to detect.
For example, consider 1 amp traveling down a wire of radius 1mm. How fast do the electrons move? To solve this we need to know the number of mobile charge carriers per unit volume and a few constants. The answer is $v = $ 2 meters per day. You can convert this speed into an acceleration using the formula $a = v^2/R$ where $R$ is the radius of curvature of the corner. It is a very small number.
For comparison, the radiation that makes it so difficult to speed up electrons in a collider experiment comes from electrons that are traveling essentially at the speed of light.
share|improve this answer
Yeah that is the intuitive answer I had in mind, electrons in a current loop radiate but the radiation is infinitesimally small because the drift velocity is infinitesimally small. – Revo Aug 10 '11 at 22:20
The answer by user1631 is also correct (I believe), but only applies to constant currents. In a synchrotron, the currents are not constant but instead come as pulses. – Carl Brannen Aug 10 '11 at 22:30
There are a couple of problems with this answer. One is that the drift velocity is not universal, as you seem to be claiming; it depends on the material. The other is that it is possible to make the acceleration as large as desired simply by making v large and/or making R small. Even with large a, there is no radiation, but your answer makes it sound as though there is. – Ben Crowell Aug 11 '11 at 14:50
_USER_; I keep going back and forth on this. First, I never said drift velocity is universal; I did the calculation with copper because this is common for circuits. Second, if you make v large enough you end up with synchrotron radiation. But I agree that if the - charges of the electrons are exactly cancelled by the + charges of the metal then there is no radiation of this sort. But an exact cancellation is not compatible with a change in the current; for the usual metals, one must have voltage to have current and this implies that the + and - charges did not cancel exactly. – Carl Brannen Aug 11 '11 at 16:33
I'm feeling really doubtful of my arguments here and would appreciate a critique so that I can go ahead and delete the answer. – Carl Brannen Aug 12 '11 at 17:30
Your Answer


text:
Cool For Boys
A wallpaper or background (also known as a desktop wallpaper, desktop background, desktop picture or desktop image on computers) is a digital image (photo, drawing etc.) used as a decorative background of a graphical user interface on the screen of a computer, smartphone or other electronic device. On a computer, wallpapers are generally used on the desktop, while on a mobile phone they serve as the background for the home screen. Though most devices come with a default background image, modern devices usually allow users to manually change the background image.


Sending Disk Images
Hitting the "S" key from the main menu lets you enter the name of the disk image you want saved at the host:
By convention, there is a correlation between the filename suffix of a diskette image and the "order" in which the bits are stored; something that is really only of consequence to emulators. Points to remember:
 - When saving disk images at the host, ADTPro will save any Disk ][, 140k, 5-1/4" disk image in "DOS order" no matter what it is named. To work correctly with emulators, these 140k disk images should be named with a ".dsk" or ".do" suffix.
 - ADTPro will save any other disk image (3-1/2" disk, hard drive, ram disk, etc.) in "ProDOS order," and so they should be named with a ".po" suffix. Note that the AppleWin emulator expects a ".hdv" instead of ".po" extension for any large disk image. The Sweet16 emulator will mount ".po" images as if they were 5.25" floppies and ".hdv" images as hard disk drives.
 - Keeping to these naming conventions will ensure your images will work with emulators that only distinguish between bit ordering formats by filename.
After hitting Return to specify the file name, ADTPro will present you with a screen to pick a "volume" (a slot/drive combination) to read. The slot and drive numbers are the first two columns; if the volume happens to be formatted with ProDOS, its name will appear in the Volume Name column. You can use the arrow keys or the space bar to pick the volume to be sent to the host:
The "Blocks" column is the count of ProDOS blocks present on the disk. Each block contains 512 bytes of data. Typical disk sizes are:
Blocks Disk
127 64k RAM disk (128k Apples)
280 5-1/4" Floppy disk (140k) (Note: these are saved in DOS order at the host)
1600 3-1/2" Floppy disk (800k)
65535 32MB Hard drive
Some messages may appear in the "Volume name" column to indicate various situations:
Message Meaning
<NO NAME> A DOS 3.3 disk is in the drive (which is ok)
<I/O ERROR> Can't read the disk in the drive, or the drive is empty
Once you pick the volume to send, an attempt is made to contact the host:
Once contact is made with the host, the disk information starts reading and sending. The line across the screen represents a 20k buffer that is alternately filled and sent to the host:
When the image has finished sending to the host, you will see a "Complete" message:
Pressing any key brings you back to the main ADTPro menu.
If errors are encountered with reading blocks, you will see X characters instead of solid blocks:
If an image contains at least one "bad" block, an error message will appear both at the Apple and at the host end.
You can hit the Escape key at any time to stop the disk sending process and bring you back to the main ADTPro menu. Any time you abort a transmission, it is best to hit the "Disconnect" button on the server and re-connect by clicking on the button representing the connection type you are using.


recognizable fruit pieces or "chunky" applesauce, but recite shehakol before eating a completely smooth applesauce, or a smooth jam, where the fruit has completely lost its consistency (Mishnah Berurah 202:42).
However, since the reason we recite shehakol is because it is a safek, several halachic differences result. For example, someone having a snack of applesauce and a beverage should make sure to recite the shehakol on the applesauce rather than on the beverage. If he recites the shehakol on the beverage without specifically including the applesauce, he now has a safek whether he has fulfilled the obligation to make a beracha on the applesauce. This is because, according to the opinions that the beracha should be ha'eitz, one does not fulfill the beracha by reciting shehakol on something else.
Similarly, someone eating a fruit and applesauce at the same time who recited ha'eitz on the fruit should not recite shehakol (and certainly not ha'eitz) on the applesauce. This is because, according to the poskim who contend that applesauce is ha'eitz, he has already fulfilled his duty to recite a beracha by reciting ha'eitz on the other fruit. In this situation, he should first recite shehakol on the applesauce and then ha'eitz on the fruit (Ben Ish Chai, Pinchas #16).
Some poskim are stricter, ruling that one should not eat an item that is definitely borei pri ha'eitz together with an item that is questionably borei pri ha'eitz, such as applesauce. This is because there isn't any way to fulfill the need for reciting a beracha on both items without creating an unnecessary beracha. If you recite the beracha on the fruit first, then you have a safek as to whether you can recite a beracha on the safek item. On the other hand, if you recite the shehakol on the safek item first, then, according to the opinions that the beracha is ha'eitz, you have now recited an unnecessary beracha (Maamar Mordechai 203:3).
How does this discussion affect chocolate?
The average person looking at a chocolate bar does not recognize the cocoa beans, since they have been ground, liquefied, and reconstituted into a solid in the process. Can he still recite ha'eitz on the finished chocolate product, or does it become shehakol?
Many assume that the beracha on chocolate products is shehakol, based on the rulings of the Divrei Yosef and other authorities quoted by the Shaarei Teshuvah (Orach Chayim 202:19). However, since all these authorities lived at the time when chocolate was only drunk, it is difficult to base any halachic conclusion on what beracha to recite before eating chocolate, since we recite shehakol on all beverages, as mentioned above.
Among the more recent authorities who discuss which beracha one should recite before eating chocolate, two of the most respected authorities are Rav Shelomoh Zalman Auerbach, zt'l, and Rav Moshe Feinstein, zt'l, who reach diametrically opposite conclusions. In his Minchas Shelomoh, Rav Shelomoh Zalman suggests that one should recite ha'eitz before eating chocolate (Volume 1:91:2). He compares chocolate to a case of spices ground so fine that their source is no longer identifiable. The beracha recited on them is whatever would have been the appropriate beracha on the particular spice before grinding (usually ha'adamah), even if the spice is mixed with sugar, and even if it is mostly sugar (Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim 203:7). Let me explain this case with an example.
What beracha does one make on cinnamon sugar?
Cinnamon is the bark of a tree, and as such its beracha is borei pri ha'adamah (we do not recite borei pri ha'eitz, since we eat the bark and not the fruit). "Cinnamon sugar" is a blend of cinnamon and sugar, in which the cinnamon cannot always be identified by appearance, although it is clearly the more pronounced flavor. Based on the above-quoted ruling, one should recite ha'adamah before eating cinnamon sugar.
Why are spices different from finely ground fruit and vegetables, over which Ashkenazim recite shehakol?
Since this is considered the way that one "eats" spices, they do not lose their beracha, even though they can no longer be identified (Mishnah Berurah 203:12).
What beracha do we recite on sugar?
As I discussed in a different article (See Topical Tropical Plants — Papaya, Pineapple, and Palm Hearts), there is a thousand-year-old dispute concerning whether the correct beracha one should recite before eating cane sugar is borei pri ha'eitz, borei pri ha'adamah or shehakol. The Shulchan Aruch (Orach Chayim 202:15) concludes that we recite shehakol on sugar; however, someone who recited either borei pri ha'eitz or borei pri ha'adamah on cane sugar should not recite a new beracha, since the correct beracha is disputed.
Originally, sugar was produced only from sugar cane. Today, a large percentage of the world's sugar crop is extracted from the sweet white root of the sugar beet, and a much smaller amount is produced from corn (maize). However, mass cultivation and production of sugar beets did not begin until the 19th century and was a result of the Napoleonic Wars. When the British blockaded Napoleon's Europe, one of the products that became unavailable was cane sugar, which does not grow in Europe's cold climate. Out of concern that his subjects might revolt over the unavailability of imported sugar, Napoleon built sugar refineries throughout Europe. He even awarded a medal for perfecting the production of white sugar from the white root of the sugar beet, which thrives in cold climates.
Although Napoleon was not worried about it, some Rabbonim were concerned whether the beracha over the new type of sugar was also shehakol, just as the beracha over cane sugar. (The two types of sugar cannot be distinguished one from the other.) The Mishnah Berurah (202:76) rules that one should recite shehakol over beet sugar, although if someone recited borei pri ha'adamah, he should not make another beracha.
Thus, we see that there is a halachic difference between spices that are ground up and cannot be identified, whose beracha remains ha'adamah, and beet sugar, whose beracha is shehakol. We must now analyze the difference between these two foods and figure out where chocolate fits into the picture.
Beating a beet
After the sugar beets ripen, they are harvested, washed thoroughly, and sliced into thin chips. The beet chips are then soaked in hot water for about an hour, which extracts the sugar from them and creates a strong sugar solution. Chalk is added to the sugar solution, which causes the non-sugar parts of the solution to clump together, so that they can be filtered out. The sugar solution is then evaporated to concentrate the sugar. Eventually, the sugar concentration is great enough to form crystals, which are then removed from the solution.
An important fact affecting our halachic discussion is that, in the case of both cane and beet, the sugar is extracted, or removed, from the stem or root, rather than being simply processed.
Now our question is, do we compare chocolate to spices, which maintain their beracha even after they have been ground until they are no longer identifiable, or to sugar, which, we rule, loses its beracha and becomes shehakol?
Rav Shelomoh Zalman compares chocolate to the case of ground spices that maintain their original beracha, although they are no longer recognizable. (Dayan Gavriel Krausz, formerly the Av Beis Din of Manchester, devotes a lengthy essay to advocate this position in his sefer, Mekor Haberacha.) Apparently Rav Shelomoh Zalman felt that chocolate, which is refined from the cocoa bean, should not be compared to sugar, which is extracted from the cane or beet.
(In my opinion, those poskim who contend that the beracha on chocolate is borei pri ha'eitz should agree that the beracha on white chocolate is shehakol, since this product contains no cocoa solids. Cocoa butter should have the halacha of a liquid that is pressed out of a fruit, whose beracha is always shehakol.)
On the other hand, Rav Moshe Feinstein (Shu't Igros Moshe, 3:31) clearly disagrees, contending that the beracha on all chocolate products is definitely shehakol. In a teshuvah discussing which beracha to recite before eating chocolate-covered raisins, he assumes that the beracha on chocolate is shehakol and does not entertain the possibility that its beracha might be a safek.
In Rav Moshe's responsum, he addresses the following issue: When eating a food composed of items with different berachos, we must determine which food is the more important, the ikar, and this determines the beracha of the entire food.


Transform emotions
The Buddha Dharma is for clearing all the impurities of the mind.
There is nothing in the Dharma which is not aimed at clearing our negative emotions. There is nothing in the Dharma that is not a direct antidote for our negative emotions.
In some teachings, sometimes attachment is the main target to work on and sometimes the main practice, or the main target, is aversion or anger, and sometimes ignorance is the main practice.
According to the teachings, there are different kinds of methods and different levels of teachings to suit different needs.


text:
Suicide Prevention Campaign
Public Health Liverpool, in collaboration with the Liverpool CAMHS – Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust and Alder Hey Children's Foundation Trust, has launched a city-wide 'Reach Out Liverpool' campaign to raise awareness of suicide prevention.
It aims to raise awareness that suicide is preventable and to remove the stigma surrounding suicide – something which prevents people in crisis from reaching out, and those around them from even mentioning the word.
The REACHOUT campaign is made up of three parts:
See the problem – raising awareness of what to look out for, including the signs, behaviours and emotions a person in crisis might be displaying.
Say the words and start a conversation – we have partnered with the Zero Suicide Alliance who offer a 20-minute training video that provides people with the skills and confidence to reach out to someone in crisis.
Signpost to support – providing information on local services that offer 24/7 crisis support.
The campaign also reaches out to people in crisis, encouraging them to speak to friends, family or professionals and letting them know change is possible, and that they can feel better.
The campaign is aimed at two audiences:
1. People who may be concerned about someone who is in crisis or could be contemplating suicide.
The message is to encourage people to reach out and start a conversation with the person they are concerned about. This conversation could save a life. The campaign aims to:
- Raise awareness of the warning signs thus giving permission to intervene.
- Increase confidence in what to say and do by signposting to the Zero Suicide Alliance 20 minute training.
- Raises awareness of services that can provide immediate help
2. People in crisis or contemplating suicide.
This message is to:
- Acknowledge feelings and encourage people to talk to friends/family/someone they trust and explains how this could change their life.
- Raise awareness of services that can provide immediate help.
For both audiences, the campaign dispels myths and breaks taboos around talking about suicide and gives information and resources of help available.
How has the campaign been developed?
The campaign has been co-created with:
- People who have contemplated/attempted suicide
- People bereaved or affected by suicide
- The general public
- Expert subject matters
Where will the campaign be promoted?
The campaign will be promoted in two bursts – Dec 2021 – Jan 2022 and March 2022 – May 2022 and will be promoted via:
- Targeted digital and social advertising through sites such as Facebook, Instagram, Google Display and YouTube
- Outdoor advertising including billboards, busses, railway stations, phone kiosks
- Radio advertising plus targeted digital radio and Spotify
- Promotion of campaign materials in health centres, hospitals, children's centres, Universities, GPs etc.


ONTAP 9.14.1 commands
redo
Execute a previous command
Availability: This command is available to cluster and Vserver administrators at the admin privilege level.
Description
The redo command re-executes a command that has been executed previously in the current CLI session. Specify a previously run command using:
 - A string that matches part of a previous command. For example, if the only volume command you have run is volume show , enter redo''vol to re-execute the command.
 - The numeric ID of a previous command, as listed by the history command. For example, enter redo''4 to re-execute the fourth command in the history list.
 - A negative offset from the end of the history list. For example, enter redo'-2' to re-execute the command that you ran two commands ago.
Parameters
[<text>] - String, Event Number, or Negative Offset
Use this parameter to specify a string, a numeric ID from the command history, or a negative number that identifies the command to be re-executed.
Examples
The following example re-executes command number 10 in the command history:
cluster1::> redo 10
Top of Page


Almost Jigless Bicycle Frame Building
176,051
156
12
I grew up on Legos and the Whole Earth Catalog. These days: bike builder, map maker, trail sleuth.
Intro: Almost Jigless Bicycle Frame Building
This Instructable shows some basic, simple tooling to help build a bicycle frame. It's aimed for someone building their first few frames who is unable to invest the time or money into a full framebuilding jig.
Step 1: Introduction
Every person who decides to build their first frame is faced with the question: "What do I use for a jig?"
Commercial jigs start at about $1600. For the beginner this could be a huge investment - the equivalent of many bicycles worth of tubing.
There is also the option of building a jig out of 8020, such as described in my Instructable here. However, the cost on this is also not trivial, probably $350-$500, and it does require some machining work that is outside of the common garage tools.
If you ask around on the internet, many people will tell you that you don't really even need a jig, you just need a flat surface and some sort of tooling to hold your tubes at a fixed height above the surface. This is quite true, but for some people using an old pool table or maybe a surface plate is not exactly convenient, due to the size and weight.
This design and method is what I developed over building my first 5 frames. It's compact and cheap, and works by giving you a system of 3 small orthogonal flat surfaces to work with, and several means of holding tubes at the right position while you tack them.
However, since this jig is compact, you can only work on one joint at a time. This is the standard way for beginners to build, as described in the Paterek Manual. If you haven't heard of it yet, it's essentially the beginning framebuilder's bible. You can purchase it from Paterek or Henry James. The main disadvantage on this is that you never see the complete picture of the frame until you tack in the last tube. You can't set it up and then have a sanity check where you can see if it all makes sense.
I no longer have this jig, having moved on to my 8020 design, so I had to reproduce everything in SketchUp. For the sake of speed, I didn't model everything exactly to scale or try to make everything look perfect. But it should get the idea across.
If this Instructable helps you out, you can always show your appreciation through my Amazon Wish List.
Speaking of books, you might also want to check out Atomic Zombie's Bicycle Builder's Bonanza. While it doesn't cover classical framebuilding like the Paterek Manual, it does have lots of good ideas for "low road" building.
The materials are simple steel structural shapes:
1" x 1/4" bar, about 6", though get a foot since you'll eventually use it.
4"x 3" angle iron, give or take an inch in either leg, about 7-8' total
1"x 1" angle iron, another foot or so
Old rear hub axle(s) or similarly sized threaded rod and nuts
Some bolts, about M5 x 40 or whatever you have taps for.
A couple of Welder's magnets, available from Harbor Freight for cheap.
For tools you'll need a hacksaw, a drill and bits, and a tap to match your bolts.
Step 2: Base
The base is just three pieces of the angle iron welded together. You have a main piece about 4' long that serves as the flat surface you will do most of your work on.
A smaller piece, about 2' long, is welded underneath it to form a sort of Z-profile. This piece is used to clamp the jig to the front of your workbench. If you want to bolt it to your workbench you can drill some mounting holes in it.
The final smallest piece is about 8" long as is welded perpendicular to the top piece. This gives three surfaces that are all orthogonal to each other. Measure with a machinist's square to make sure the angle is 90 degrees before you weld it!
Note: when I say "weld", this includes other joining techniques such as brazing, or even drilling and bolting/riveting.
Also shown in the picture are the dummy axle and a tube lift, which are described in the next two steps.
Step 3: The Dummy Axle
The dummy axle is just a piece of the steel bar with a hole drilled in it to accept and axle. The axle is held in place by nuts on each side (not shown). You can use axles, cones, and locknuts (both quick-release and solid) scavenged from old hubs, or use threaded rod and nuts.
Since the inside of the bar is on the same vertical plane as where the right end of the bottom bracket contacts the upright reference piece, you can use it as the reference for you axle locknut locations.
Looking at the dummy axle from the rear, your left locknut will be 34mm plus half of your hub width. The right side will be half of you hub width minus 34mm. This all assumes you are using a 68mm shell.
In use, the piece is just clamped to the angle iron with a C-clamp.
Since this is so simple, you might as well make a new one for each axle size.
Step 4: Tube Lifts
These simple tube lifts are one possible way of holding a tube the required distance from the surface plane. It is just made by welding the 1x1 angle iron back-to-back with another piece. They only need to be an inch or two long.
NOTE: Since this references the OD of the tube, you will need to make them for each size of tubing! The height of the lift will need to 34mm minus half of the tube diameter (assuming you're using a 68mm bottom bracket).
Clamp them together at the right height and give them a tack weld on each side. After in cools double-check that the height came out right. If one side is off, knock off the tack and bend it to the right height and tack it again. Since this doesn't need to hold any significant weight, the tacks are all you need to hold it together.
After you finish each piece, don't forget to label them with the tubing size you built it for!
However, this isn't the only way to align the tubes, as you'll see in the next few steps.
Step 5: Joining the Bottom Bracket and Seat Tube
Usually the first step is to join the bottom bracket to the seat tube. I won't go into all the details such as mitering and drilling vent holes. Get the Paterek Manual if you need to find out more about that part of fabrication.
With a big C-clamp and some flat bar stock (not shown), clamp the bottom bracket to the jig table. Then using the appropriate sized tube lifts (also clamped to the jig as shown), line up the seat tube against the bottom bracket over the vent hole. Welder's magnets will hold it place for you to tack the tube. You also might be able to use those big spring clamps (the ones that look like big metal clothespins) to hold the tubes against the lifts.
Of course, before you tack the tube, double-check that the seat tube is parallel to both the jig face and to a straightedge lined up against the face of the bottom bracket.
After you tack it, check for parallelism again.
Step 6: The Alternate Method
The other option for this step is much simpler.
Drill and tap two holes in the jig base and thread in bolts from the bottom. When used with a couple of welder's magnet, this will hold the tube in place for tacking.
In this case, just fine-tune the height of your bolts to get the tube parallel to the jig base and the bottom bracket face.
As in the previous step, the clamp on the bottom bracket is not shown.
Step 7: Another Way to Hold a Tube
Here's another way to hold a tube at a given height that I've used.
Clamp a piece of angle iron to your base, and then clamp the tube to the angle iron upright using a metal spring clamp. You could also use a small C-clamp, if you file the flat end of the C-shaped part of the clamp to have a round profile to fit inside the tube without denting it.
Step 8: Tacking the Head Tube and Down Tube
Again skipping the mitering steps, the head tube and down tube are tacked together as shown in the Paterek manual. If you're building it lugless, this is done free-form by holding the down tube in a Park stand and using some rod or pipe in the head tube to balance it in place.
This step has nothing to do with the jig - I'm just including it for continuity. Refer to the Paterek manual for more information.
Step 9: Pieceing Together the Front Triangle
Now we will join the two halves of the front triangle together. Again, I am skipping the mitering and other steps.
At the front of the jig under where the head tube will end up, drill and tap a set of two holes to hold leveling bolts.
Using the two leveling bolts under the head tube,


text:
Distance from Pueblo to Mississauga
Driving route: -- ( - )
Driving route: -- ( - )
Extended route information
The flight distance between the nearest airports Pueblo (PUB) and Mississauga (YYZ) is 1,344.04 mi (2,163.02 km). This corresponds to an approximate flight time of 3h 2min. Similar flight routes: PUB → YYZ, PUB → YZD, PUB → YYZ, PUB → YYZ, PUB → YZDBearing: 66.20° (ENE)
The initial bearing on the course from Pueblo to Mississauga is 66.20° and the compass direction is ENE.Midpoint: 41.59979,-92.63763
The geographic midpoint between Pueblo and Mississauga is in 674.61 mi (1,085.68 km) distance between both points in a bearing of 66.20°. It is located in United States of America, Iowa, Poweshiek County.Distance: 1,349.23 mi (2,171.37 km)
The shortest distance (air line) between Pueblo and Mississauga is 1,349.23 mi (2,171.37 km).Driving route: -- ( - )
The shortest route between Pueblo and Mississauga is according to the route planner. The driving time is approx.. Half of the trip is reached in.Time difference: 2h
The time difference between Pueblo (America/Denver) and Mississauga (America/Toronto) is 2 hours. This means that it is now 00:12 (24.01.2021) in Pueblo and 02:12 (24.01.2021) in Mississauga.
How is the distance calculated?
To calculate the distance between Pueblo and Mississauga, the place names are converted into coordinates (latitude and longitude). The respective geographic centre is used for cities, regions and countries. To calculate the distance the Haversine formula is applied.
Similar distance (± 0.5%)
Mississauga is just as far away from Pueblo as Pueblo from Mexico City (2,160 km), Toronto (2,191 km), Iztapalapa (2,169 km), Ecatepec de Morelos (2,142 km), Puebla City (2,225 km), Ciudad Nezahualcoyotl (2,166 km), Gustavo Adolfo Madero (2,153 km), Jacksonville (2,278 km), Naucalpan (2,152 km), Charlotte (2,139 km).
Pueblo to New York, Pueblo to Los Angeles, Pueblo to Chicago, Pueblo to Houston, Pueblo to Philadelphia, Pueblo to Phoenix, Pueblo to San Antonio, Pueblo to San Diego, Pueblo to Dallas, Pueblo to San Jose, Pueblo to Austin, Pueblo to Jacksonville, Pueblo to Indianapolis, Mississauga to New York, Mississauga to Los Angeles, Mississauga to Chicago, Mississauga to Houston, Mississauga to Philadelphia, Mississauga to Phoenix, Mississauga to San Antonio, Mississauga to San Diego, Mississauga to Dallas, Mississauga to San Jose, Mississauga to Austin, Mississauga to Jacksonville, Mississauga to Indianapolis,
Help make this service available to everyone in the world and translate distance.to into other languages. Translate now!
- Distance calculator
- Kalkulačka vzdálenosti
- Distancia entre ciudades
- Distancia entre cidades
- Distance entre deux villes
- Distanze chilometriche
- מחשבון מרחק
- Afstand berekenen
- Beräkna Avstånd
- Калькулятор расстояний
- Distanta de calculator
- المسافة حاسبة
- Mesafe hesaplama
- Kalkulator odległości
Maps and Geodata: © OpenStreetMap contributors


text:
Denseness of Rational Numbers. Pre-Algebra Mrs. Yow. What does it mean to be DENSE?. Which material is more DENSE here?. Why???????. Which material is more DENSE here?. The Hair!!!. Compare Rational Numbers (Find numbers between). Using Models Using Common Denominators
Denseness of Rational Numbers
When the denominators of two fractions are the same,
the one with the greater numerator represents
the larger rational number.
The Fundamental Law of Fractions can be used to
write equivalent fractions with the same denominator
if the denominators of the fractions to be compared are
The Cross-Product can also be used to compare
fractions that have different denominators.
FACE TIME (20-25 minutes
Determine the validity of the following statement.
"If x and y are rational numbers, then x < y < 0 guarantees that x2 < y2."
Using your calculator, find a rational number between and.
Using your calculator, find a fraction between the rational numbers and. (DOK 3)
Find the product of and. Then
divide the product by 2. Will the answer yield
a rational number between and?
3.45 is a solution to the inequality 3 < x < 3.
Which statement justifies that 3.45 is a true value for x?
a) 3.45 is less than 3.
b) 3.45 is greater than 3.5 and less than 3.
c) 3.45 is greater than 3 and less than 3.
d) 3 is greater than 3.45.
Write three numbers between: -2.4 < x < -2.31
Write a number that is greater than but less
Which of the following rational numbers is not
between and?
How many rational numbers are between 3.76 and 3.77?


text:
How many calories does one Amrit Peda have?
One Amrit Peda gives 117 calories. Out of which carbohydrates comprise 38 calories, proteins account for 18 calories and remaining calories come from fat which is 61 calories. One Amrit Peda provides about 6 percent of the total daily calorie requirement of a standard adult diet of 2,000 calories.
See Amrit Peda recipe.
Is Amrit Peda Healthy?
Amrit peda is an Indian mithai and that is not healthy. Made of Mawa, sugar and pistachios.
Let's understand the ingredients.
Mawa is made from Milk
: 1 cup of milk provides 70% of the Recommended Daily Allowance of Calcium
. Milk promotes strong bones. Milk low in carbs and therefore does not raise blood glucose levels. One cup of Milk gives 10 grams of carbs. Low fat milk has lower fat and the same benefits of milk
What's bad with Amrit Peda.
: Sugar is also called white poison. It is a simple carbohydrate
with zero nutritional value. On intake, sugar will cause inflammtion of the body which will last for many hours. It will spike your blood sugar level and shut down the fat burning process. To live a healthy life, try and cut sugar which from your diet. It requires a slow and deliberate attempt to do it. Find hidden sugar in packaged foods and drinks and stop having those products. Did you know that a can of your favourite soft drink is estimated to have 1/2 cup of sugar.
Can diabetics, heart patients and over weight individuals have Amrit Peda?
No, this recipe has usage of full fat milk and lots of sugar. Not safe for diabetics, heart issues and overweight individuals. We suggest you try a low fat carrot halwa recipe which is made with of dates, carrots and low fat milk. So we always have a solution for diabetics.
Low Fat Carrot Halwa, Healthy Gajar Halwa
Can healthy individuals have Amrit Peda?
No, Amrita peda is not good if you want to live a healthy life style. While one peda is only 117 calories, it's what happens to the human body after eating it. Sugar can cause havoc in your body for 4 hours after consumption. Why would you want to do that. Opt for a healthy option instead.
Amrit Peda is high in
is a mineral that makes bones stay strong. Required from kids to adults.
Note : a recipe is deemed high in a Vitamin or mineral if it meets 20% and above the recommended daily allowance based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
How to burn 117 calories that come from one Amrit Peda?
Walking (6 kmph) =
Running (11 kmph) =
Cycling (30 kmph) =
Swimming (2 kmph) =
Note: These values are approximate and calorie burning differs in each individual.


text:
A rare hurricane-like storm in the Mediterranean threatens Egypt and Israel
Egypt and Israel are preparing for the onset of heavy rains and strong winds as a rare "medicane" barrels toward them.Posted — Updated
Medicanes are named for a combination of "Mediterranean" and "hurricane" due to their blend of tropical and extratropical cyclone characteristics.
Up to 200 mm (nearly 8 inches) of rain is possible locally from Friday to late Saturday as the storm moves through the region, raising concerns for flash flooding.
Northeastern Egypt, southern Israel, the Palestinian territories and the Sinai Peninsula are arid regions that receive an average of 10-20 mm (nearly half an inch to almost an inch) of rain in October. This storm may bring 10 times as much rain as normally falls in the entire month of October and it could fall in only a few hours.
Egypt's capital, Cairo, has experienced severe flooding from heavy rains already this past week from an unrelated storm system, killing at least 11 people. Cairo may fortunately miss the worst of the rainfall as the system moves past the city to the east.
Satellite imagery suggests current wind speeds upward of 20 mph at sea, and some models suggest that sustained wind speeds of 40 mph may be felt on shore early Saturday morning.
The UK Met Office says medicanes are incredibly rare this far east, and there are only one or two storms like this per year, according to a 2011 study.
They usually form during September and October when the waters in the Mediterranean Sea are warm. At the moment, temperatures in the Mediterranean are even warmer than normal, especially in the eastern waters, where the sea surface temperatures are currently 1-3 degrees Celsius above average.
A 2016 study warns that climate change is expected to increase the probability of medicanes in future years as temperatures in the Mediterranean Sea continue to warm.
Copyright 2023 by Cable News Network, Inc., a Time Warner Company. All rights reserved.


text:
Uncompensated phase errors lead to quality degradation of SAR images what is especially critical for high-resolution systems. In the paper, a novel approach to the stripmap autofocus is proposed. The idea of the method is to estimate the local quadratic phase errors by processing small data blocks. The conventional map-drift autofocus (MDA) algorithm is used for such estimation. Then, by a double integration of the estimated quadratic errors, an arbitrary residual phase error for large data blocks is evaluated. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated with data obtained with an X-band airborne SAR system.
Estimation of Phase Errors in SAR Data by Local-Quadratic Map-Drift Autofocus


How is the Weather in Olon?
Olon is located right next to Montañita in the Santa Elena province of Ecuador, which has a more Temperate Climate than Salinas, Manta and other coastal cities and towns. The average temperatures according to BING Weather History is:
January - May = 26 to 29°C
June - December = 23 to 26°C
That means it's never cold in Olon. When it rains, it mostly does so at night and never very hard. That makes Olon the ideal spot to stay for a longer while!
Of course, Olon has one of the nicest sandy, wide & long Beaches and romantic Sunsets there are!
Below you can see the current Weather from AccuWeather. But this is not often very accurate, the closest weather station (in Manglaralto) doesn't seem to be very capable of registering and predicting the Weather very accurately.
The area is Green all year, with seasonal streams and small rivers. There is a variety of wildlife to be seen and heard at the Beach and in the Forested Hills. Find many Birds and Butterflies, Howler Monkeys, Deer and other local species!
Olon gives you more options and things to do. The Water Temperature is agreeable all-year-round. When it rains, it's normally in the early morning. There is often a nice breeze from the Ocean in daytime and from the Hills at night, so you don't always need your Air-Conditioning.


text:
Sustainable animal agriculture significantly contributes to local economy, livelihood, job opportunity, public health safety as well as food and nutritional security. Many forums across the world have emphasized the need of sustainable animal agriculture, especially in developing countries. One of such international forums is the Sustainable Animal Agriculture for the Developing Countries (SAADC). The first conference of SAADC was held in Kunming, China in 2007 followed by Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 2009, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand in 2011, Lanzhou, China in 2013, Pattaya, Thailand in 2015 and Malang, Indonesia in 2017. To continue this effort, the 7th international conference has been scheduled for November 2019 in Nepal. Nepal Veterinary Association in collaboration with other national and international agencies is going to organize the 7th SAADC (SAADC 2019). The location for the conference is the beautiful city of Pokhara in Nepal, where reflection of the Mount Machhapuchchhre falls in Lake Phewa, and is located 200 km west of capital city Kathmandu. Nepal is an agrarian society where crops, livestock and fisheries constitute the backbone of national economy with a significant contribution in the livelihood of millions of farmer-families, entrepreneurs and agro-industries.
The theme of this conference is "Eco-friendly animal production for profitable smallholder farming". This theme highlights that the technological changes should ensure the attainment and continued satisfaction of human needs for present and future generations safeguarding the health of animal, human and environment with a primary focus in the smallholder farming. The major objective of this conference is to provide a platform for scientists, farmers and other stakeholders involved in the field of animal agriculture and allied disciplines to share their experiences and discuss on the challenges of eco-friendly animal production system and identify mitigating measures.
With growing interests of people in organic and niche products, SAADC 2019 aligns in promoting sustainable animal agriculture in developing countries and beyond. SAADC 2019 will provide a platform for the exchange of information and new technologies related to sustainable animal agriculture among national and international scientists, academicians, students, entrepreneurs and farmers. The organizing committee wishes to extend its invitation to all who are interested in this novel subject to attend the conference. We are excited to welcome you all in the paradise city of Pokhara, Nepal in November 2019.
Dr. Sital Kaji Shrestha
Chair, Organizing Committee and
President, Nepal Veterinary Association


WORKSHOP PRACTICE – I
The basic workshop practice helps students to understand the basic skills required for fitting and welding. Since all engineers must not only know how to design products but also have a basic knowledge of how to make them, first year students of all engineering branches are made to undergo workshop practice. Students use various measuring instruments and tools to perform fitting and welding exercises. The lab also has drilling and grinding machines along with carpentry and sheet metal tools to help students better understand workshop practice.
Objective:
In order to know the basic workshop tools and equipments student has to study about the different workshop practice tools and equipments. They can practically make various product using this different workshop practice tools and equipments which give them through knowledge about various operations of fitting, machining, pattern making, moulding, casting, welding etc. They get knowledge about various measuring instruments, tools and equipment.
List of Major Experiments:
 1. FITTING – Making a gauge from MS plate .
 1. MACHINING – To make a pin from a 20mm mild steel rod in a lathe.
 1. MACHINING – To make a MS prism from a 20 mm mild steel rod in a shaping and / or milling machine.
 1. PATTERN MAKING, SAND MOULDING AND CASTING – To make a wooden pattern and a sand mould with that pattern for casting a cast iron block
 2. WELDING (GAS WELDING)- To join two thin mild steel plates or sheets (1 to 3 mm thick) by gas welding.
 3. WELDING (ARC WELDING)-To join two thick (6mm) MS plate by arc welding.
 4. SHEET METAL WORK- Forming a cone, for example.
Equipments:
BENCH GRINDING MACHINE
BENCE VICE
LATHE
MILLING MACHINE
DRILLING MACHINE
POWER SAW
ARC WELDING MACHINE
GAS WELDING APPERATUS


5 Peer-to-Peer Fundraising Resources for a Winning Strategy
5 min
laptop coffee notebook
In the age where you can watch a movie on your phone and answer the phone on your watch, convenience is the name of the game. To provide a flexible fundraising experience for the modern donor, your nonprofit can leverage peer-to-peer fundraising. Whether you hold a DIY campaign year-round or host time-based campaigns for specific programs, peer-to-peer fundraising campaigns are successful in part, because fundraisers choose how they raise money for your mission.
Additionally, peer-to-peer fundraisers can exponentially increase your reach as your nonprofit taps into the network of your fundraisers' networks. In fact, Classy platform data shows that the typical peer-to-peer fundraising campaign raises more than other campaign types, and drives higher conversion rates than crowdfunding campaigns and donation pages.
To help your team maximize the impact of your peer-to-peer fundraising campaigns, we rounded up our top five peer-to-peer fundraising resources. Use these free resources to create a comprehensive strategy that will help both your team and your fundraisers succeed.
Peer-to-Peer Fundraising Resources
1. Understanding the True Financial Potential of Peer-to-Peer Fundraising
The first step of investing in a peer-to-peer fundraising strategy is getting buy-in to invest the time and money it takes to get your program off the ground.
This white paper dives into peer-to-peer fundraising data and trends from the Classy platform, examples of how nonprofits like Cleveland Clinic and buildOn leverage peer-to-peer, and more.
Download this white paper to equip yourself with all of the data points you'll need to explain the potential return on investment and how peer-to-peer compares to other channels and traditional efforts like direct mail.
Download the White Paper
2. Peer-to-Peer Fundraising Benchmarks Worksheet
peer to peer fundraising benchmark worksheet
A crucial step in creating or updating your peer-to-peer fundraising strategy is having specific, measurable, ambitious/attainable, relevant, time-based (SMART) goals for your team to work towards.
SMART goals can inspire your team to reach new heights and act as the north star for your decisions. If your team is wondering, "Should we reassess our fundraising platform?" then you can start the conversation by asking, "Will this help us reach our peer-to-peer goals?"
Use this interactive worksheet, made with Classy platform data, to benchmark your performance against nonprofits from across the social sector. Once you see how you stack up, you can work more efficiently to not only hit your goals but exceed them.
Gauge Your Team's Performance
3. The Anatomy of a Successful Peer-to-Peer Campaign
Now that leadership is on board and your team has set SMART goals, let's dive into the specifics around how you can leverage peer-to-peer for the most impact. From year-round DIY fundraising where supporters can choose when, where, and how they fundraise, to registration with fundraising events, where event participants will fundraise leading up to an event, there are many options for supporters to get involved.
This guide covers the different types of peer-to-peer campaigns along with best practices, tips, and features that can help your team with the following steps:
 - Design a captivating campaign
 - Monitor engagement
 - Steward fundraisers
 - Capture new audiences
Download the guide below to learn more and find the ideas that best fit your organization's goals.
Peer-to-Peer From A to Z
4. A Guide to Peer-to-Peer Fundraising Emails
peer to peer fundraising emails
We often don't spend much time thinking about the emails that pop up in our inbox, but if you're on the other side of the equation you know how much thought goes into each and every send.
Everything from subject line to list segmentation will impact how successful your email marketing efforts are, and if you're up-leveling your peer-to-peer fundraising efforts, you should be auditing your communications as well.
This comprehensive guide covers the four main elements of sending peer-to-peer emails: segmentation, design, branding, and mechanics. You'll also get email templates, along with examples, that show what it looks like to put these elements into practice.
Engage Fundraisers With Email
5. How to Raise Money for the Causes You Love
p2p fundraiser how to guide
The last, and perhaps most important step of creating a robust peer-to-peer fundraising strategy, is empowering your fundraisers for success. If you want them to have the most impact, enjoy their experience with your nonprofit, and return to fundraise again, then it's up to your team to share the best practices and tools they need to feel empowered and energized to raise money on your behalf.
Share this guide with your first-time fundraisers so they can learn how to mobilize their friends and family in support of your cause. The guide will help them learn how to tap into their social networks, ask for donations with confidence, and even includes checklists so that your fundraisers can define their individual goals, target audiences, and communication strategies.
Empower Your Supporters
Now that you have a bookmark list full of resources to create a comprehensive peer-to-peer fundraising strategy, check out the following blog posts that focus on tangible ways to take your (already successful) peer-to-peer campaigns to the next level.
How does your nonprofit leverage peer-to-peer fundraising? Tell us about your favorite peer-to-peer campaigns in the comments.
Where social entrepreneurs go to learn and grow