text:
The carbon dioxide (CO2) laser is the premier dissecting instrument for hemostatic cutting and ablation during endolaryngeal surgery. However, microlaryngeal tangential dissection and office-based photoablation have been limited by the lack of a fiber-based delivery system. To address this limitation, a new laser was designed, which is a diode-pumped solid-state laser with a thulium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser rod. It produces a continuous-wave beam with a wavelength of 2,013 nm and a target chromophore of water. This new laser functions similarly to a CO2 laser with the benefit of being delivered through a small glass fiber (0.365 to 0.550 mm).Methods:
A prospective pilot trial was done in 74 cases to explore applications of the new thulium laser. Thirty-two procedures were done with the laser used as an ablating instrument and topical anesthesia through a flexible laryngoscope (papillomatosis, 20; microinvasive carcinoma, 6; benign supraglottic lesions, 3; edema, 2; granuloma, 1). Forty-two procedures were done with the laser used as a cutting or ablating instrument for microlaryngeal dissection and general anesthesia. These included 27 partial laryngeal resections (supraglottis, 15; glottis, 10; subglottis, 2) and 8 posterior glottic laryngoplasties. The laser was also used as an ablative instrument during microlaryngoscopy in 7 cases.Results:
The thulium laser was used effectively in all cases, under both local and general anesthesia. In microlaryngeal dissection, electrocautery was not needed to control bleeding, even during cutting in the highly vascular paraglottic space. No complications related to the use of the thulium laser were experienced in any case.Conclusions:
Because of the fiber-based delivery system, the 2,013-nm continuous-wave thulium laser shows substantial promise for tangential dissection during microlaryngoscopy and soft tissue photoablation during office-based flexible laryngoscopy. Hemostasis was judged to be superior to experiences with the CO2 laser. In this pilot study, performing en bloc laryngeal cancer resection procedures was facilitated by use of the thulium laser.


text:
Further tips for reading journal articles
The information presented in every section of a journal article has a relationship to and is reflective of the information presented in every other section. The aims of the study, for example, will influence the design of the study.The methods used to collect data will dictate the types of results gained.The discussion section interprets the results gained in light of the aims of the study and the methodology used. Making predictions about and connections between the information that should be in one section based on your reading of another section is another way of increasing the efficiency of your reading. Making predictions and connections allows you to build up a holistic picture of the research being presented. It also allows you to skim read for confirmation of your predictions. A critical reading of a journal article will need to ensure that the connection between the information in each section of the journal article is apparent and logical.
© Copyright 2000
Comments and questions should
be directed _EMAIL_

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The volume rendering has become an important technique in many applications along with hardware development. Understanding and perception of volume visualization benefit from visual cues which are available from shading. Better visual cues can be obtained from global illumination models but it's huge amount of computation and extra GPU memory need cause a lack of interactivity. In this paper, in order to improve visual cues on volume rendering, we propose an image space occlusion shading model which requires no additional resources.
Image Space Occlusion Shading Model for Iso-surface Volume Rendering
Seokyeon Kim, Sangbong Yoo, Jang Y
Journal of Korea Computer Graphics Society 2015

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text: The performance of object recognition and classification on remote sensing imagery is highly dependent on the quality of extracted features, amount of labelled data and the priors defined for contextual models. In this study, we examine the representation learning opportunities for remote sensing. First we attacked localization of contextual cues for complex object detection using disentangling factors learnt from a small amount of labelled data. The complex object, which consists of several sub-parts is further represented under the Conditional Markov Random Fields framework. As a second task, end-to-end target detection using convolutional sparse auto-encoders (CSA) using large amount of unlabelled data is analysed. Proposed methodologies are tested on complex airfield detection problem using Conditional Random Fields and recognition of dispersal areas, park areas, taxiroutes, airplanes using CSA. The method is also tested on the detection of the dry docks in harbours. Performance of the proposed method is compared with standard feature engineering methods and found competitive with currently used rule-based and supervised methods.


The group generated by the round functions of a GOST-like cipher
Article
Abstract
We define a cipher that is an extension of GOST, and study the permutation group generated by its round functions. We show that, under minimal assumptions on the components of the cipher, this group is the alternating group on the plaintext space. This we do by first showing that the group is primitive, and then applying the O'Nan-Scott classification of primitive groups.
Keywords
Cryptosystems Feistel networks GOST round functions primitive groups wreath products
Mathematics Subject Classification
20B15 20B35 94A60
References
 1. 1.
 Aragona, R., Caranti, A., Dalla Volta, F., Sala, M.: On the group generated by the round functions of translation based ciphers over arbitrary finite fields. Finite Fields Appl. 25, 293–305 (2014)MathSciNetCrossRefMATHGoogle Scholar
 2. 2.
 Caranti, A., Dalla Volta, F., Sala, M.: An application of the O'Nan-Scott theorem to the group generated by the round functions of an AES-like cipher. Des. Codes Cryptogr. 52(3), 293–301 (2009)MathSciNetCrossRefMATHGoogle Scholar
 3. 3.
 Caranti, A., Dalla Volta, F., Sala, M.: On some block ciphers and imprimitive groups. Appl. Algebra Eng. Comm. Comput. 20(5–6), 339–350 (2009)MathSciNetCrossRefMATHGoogle Scholar
 4. 4.
 Coppersmith, D., Grossman, Edna: Generators for certain alternating groups with applications to cryptography. SIAM J. Appl. Math. 29(4), 624–627 (1975)MathSciNetCrossRefMATHGoogle Scholar
 5. 5.
 Dolmatov, V.: GOST 28147–89: encryption, decryption, and message authentication code (MAC) algorithms. Technical report (2010). _URL_
 6. 6.
 Even, S., Goldreich, O.: DES-like functions can generate the alternating group. IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 29(6), 863–865 (1983)MathSciNetCrossRefMATHGoogle Scholar
 7. 7.
 Goursat, E.: Sur les substitutions orthogonales et les divisions régulières de l'espace. Ann. Sci. École Norm. Sup. 6(3), 9–102 (1889)MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
 8. 8.
 Guralnick, R.M.: Subgroups of prime power index in a simple group. J. Algebra 81(2), 304–311 (1983)MathSciNetCrossRefMATHGoogle Scholar
 9. 9.
 Kaliski Jr., B.S., Rivest, R.L., Sherman, A.T.: Is the data encryption standard a group? (Results of cycling experiments on DES). J. Cryptol. 1(1), 3–36 (1988)MathSciNetCrossRefMATHGoogle Scholar
 10. 10.
 Li, C.H.: The finite primitive permutation groups containing an abelian regular subgroup. Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. 87(3), 725–747 (2003)MathSciNetCrossRefMATHGoogle Scholar
 11. 11.
 Liebeck, M.W., Praeger, C.E., Saxl, J.: On the O'Nan-Scott theorem for finite primitive permutation groups. J. Aust. Math. Soc. Ser. A 44(3), 389–396 (1988)MathSciNetCrossRefMATHGoogle Scholar
 12. 12.
 Murphy, S., Paterson, K., Wild, P.: A weak cipher that generates the symmetric group. J. Cryptol. 7(1), 61–65 (1994)MathSciNetCrossRefMATHGoogle Scholar
 13. 13.
 Oliynykov, R.: Cryptanalysis of symmetric block ciphers based on the Feistel network with non-bijective S-boxes in the round function. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2011/685 (2011). _URL_
 14. 14.
 Paterson, K.G.: Imprimitive permutation groups and trapdoors in iterated block ciphers, Fast software encryption, LNCS, vol. 1636, pp. 201–214. Springer, Berlin (1999)MATHGoogle Scholar
 15. 15.
 Petrillo, J.: Goursat's other theorem. Coll. Math. J. 40(2), 119–124 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
 16. 16.
 Sparr, R., Wernsdorf, R.: Group theoretic properties of Rijndael-like ciphers. Discrete Appl. Math. 156(16), 3139–3149 (2008)MathSciNetCrossRefMATHGoogle Scholar
 17. 17.
 Sparr, R., Wernsdorf, R.: The round functions of KASUMI generate the alternating group. J. Math. Cryptol. 9(1), 23–32 (2015)MathSciNetCrossRefMATHGoogle Scholar
 18. 18.
 Wernsdorf, R.: The one-round functions of the DES generate the alternating group, Advances in cryptology–EUROCRYPT '92 (Balatonfüred: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 658. Springer, Berlin (1992)Google Scholar
Copyright information
© Fondazione Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016
Authors and Affiliations
 1. 1.Dipartimento di MatematicaUniversità degli Studi di TrentoTrentoItaly
Personalised recommendations


text:
You can start a learning session by opening any of the MIDI sample files included, or you can play your own CDs and MP3. Right after you press the play button, the fretboard will synchronize with your music in real-time, showing you the notes and which finger to use (indicated by colored dots).
Besides the basic playback controls, you have the possibility to select and play only certain passages, set start and end points, play continuously a song using the repeat function, turn on the metronome to keep track of the beat and adjust the volume and tempo.
Furthermore, Guitar Guru allows you to change the default MIDI tone, tune your instrument and also resize the fretboard and change its orientation.
You can take guitar lessons without a teacher and learn how to play different songs, easy and fast.


text:
Athens, Ga. – A new University of Georgia study suggests that health agencies investigating Salmonella illnesses should consider untreated surface water as a possible source of contamination.
Researchers, whose results appear in the March issue of the journal Applied and Environmental Microbiology, tested water over a one-year period in rivers and streams in a region of south Georgia known for its high rate of sporadic salmonella cases. The team found Salmonella in 79 percent of water samples, with the highest concentrations and the greatest diversity of strains in the summer and after rainfall.
"Streams are not routinely tested for Salmonella, and our finding is an indication that many more could be contaminated than people realize," said Erin Lipp, associate professor in the UGA College of Public Health. "We found our highest numbers in the summer months, and this is also the time when most people get sick."
Lipp, who co-authored the study with former UGA graduate student Bradd Haley and Dana Cole in the Georgia Division of Public Health, said that although contaminated water used to irrigate or wash produce has been linked to several well-publicized outbreaks of salmonellosis in recent years, the environmental factors that influence Salmonella levels in natural waters are not well understood. She said understanding how Salmonella levels change in response to variables such as temperature and rainfall are critical to predicting—and ultimately preventing—the waterborne transmission of the bacteria.
The team studied streams in the upper reaches of the Suwannee River Basin, which begins in south Georgia and flows into central Florida. The study area contains a mix of forested lands, row crops, pasturelands, wetlands and small cities. The researchers chose sampling sites near a variety of those environments but found little variation in Salmonella concentrations by location. The diversity of Salmonella strains, however, was highest near a farm containing cattle and a pivot irrigation system, suggesting that close proximity to livestock and agriculture increase the risk of contamination. The researchers also found a strong and direct correlation between rainfall for the two days preceding sample collection and the concentration of Salmonella, suggesting that runoff contributes to the contamination.
Salmonella can be found in the intestinal tracts of several species of animals and in humans. The bacteria are shed in feces, but Lipp said recent data suggest that they can persist and possibly grow in water if given the right conditions. Her study found that the diversity and concentration of Salmonella increased as temperatures increased. The highest concentrations and greatest diversity of strains were found in August, the warmest month of the year. Lipp adds that her study, which was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Joint Program on Climate Variability and Human Health, lends support to the idea that Salmonella illnesses could increase as a result of global warming.
Lipp notes that her study area had 58 cases of Salmonella illness per 100,000 people in 2007, the last year for which figures are available, compared to a state average of 22 cases per 100,000 people and a national average of 15 cases per 100,000 people. She said the exact mechanisms by which people in her study area are being exposed to environmental Salmonella are unclear, but the most commonly detected strain in the studied streams was among the top ten associated with human infections in the health district. The porous nature of the soil in the study area means that surface water and groundwater are prone to mixing, especially after rainfalls, and Lipp said that poorly sited wells might be a factor in many illnesses. Another possibility, especially common among children, is so called incidental exposure by which people become infected with the bacteria when playing in or near contaminated waterways.
"Understanding the environmental factors that contribute to salmonella illnesses can guide our efforts to educate people about how they can avoid being sickened through the proper construction and maintenance of wells, basic hygiene such as hand washing and good food safety practices," Lipp said. "We also have the potential to decrease the likelihood of larger outbreaks related to produce, because in many cases contaminated irrigation water, and not the produce itself, may be the cause of the outbreak."


text:
Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling
The Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling seeks to lay the theoretical foundations of an integrative biodiversity science able to meet the great challenges of the current biodiversity crisis.
Its scientific mission is to foster the development of unifying theories and predictive models of biodiversity changes and of their ecological, evolutionary, and societal causes and consequences.
The Centre promotes collaborative research. It is home to a vibrant research group, but it also hosts international working groups, workshops, and visitors.
- 9-11 October in Paris. Annual GDR TheoMoDive meeting
- 2-6 October in Montreal. First meeting of BEF scale working group
- 9-16 Juin in Santa Barbara. Working Group "Scaling-up Productivity responses to Changes in Biodiversity" - National Centre for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS)
- Mowing exacerbates the loss of ecosystem stability under nitrogen enrichment in a temperate grassland. Functional Ecology
- Diversity spurs diversification in ecological communities. Nature Communications
- Evaluating the core microbiota in complex communities: a systematic investigation. Environmental Microbiology


Picture of Corner Hammock Shelf
Let's make a shelf with chain,
You can store up your books or another small things.
Remove these adsRemove these ads by Signing Up
Step 1: Materials
Picture of Materials
You will need a needle-nose pliers,
thin metal wire,
a scisssors,
chain (about 15 meters) + 2 metal rings
white plumbing pipe (about 30 cm 2 pieces)
and transparent corrugated plumbing pipe
Step 2: Preparing pipes
Picture of Preparing pipes
We need a electric drill to drill the pipe with equal spaces.
Put the pipe within the thicker one and than start to drill.
These holes must be to connect chains each other.
Step 3: Knitting the chains
Picture of Knitting the chains
To start to knit chains, firstly divide 2 pieces equal chain for two sides of shelf.
The first chain piece must open from his unity and connect it with the metal wire to carry it through the pipes.
You must twist the wire after the connection.
And than start to knit the other chain lines toward the center.
Step 4: Knitting
Picture of Knitting
Combining the chains must be diagonal, to combine the chains use the needle-nose pliens. Open its wire and close after the combining. When finish the line connect it metal wire again and pass the other side of pipes.
Step 5: To finish knitting
Picture of To finish knitting
After to finish combining all lines, next step is connecting hanger chains. The wires that we carry them throgh the pipes must connect the hanger chains, and than the connect the rings from appropriate point of the chain. Cover the end of white pipes with strech film to its external appearance.
Step 6: Final
Picture of Final
Now corner hammock shelf is ready for hanging! Hang it on your corner wall and throw away your books on it :)


text:
Standby Volume Underwriting Agreement: An Overview
A standby volume underwriting agreement (SVUA) is a type of agreement between a company and an underwriter, which helps a company raise funds by issuing securities. The underwriter agrees to purchase the securities from the company at a fixed price, and then resell them to the public.
The primary objective of a standby volume underwriting agreement is to provide security to a company during times of financial uncertainty. In cases where traditional means of financing are unavailable or inadequate, companies may turn to standby underwriting agreements to issue securities and obtain funding from investors.
How Does a Standby Volume Underwriting Agreement Work?
The terms of an SVUA are negotiated between the company and the underwriter. The company sets the terms of the securities they wish to issue, such as the type of securities and the price at which they wish to offer them. The underwriter agrees to purchase the securities at a predetermined price and assumes the risk of being unable to sell them at the same price.
The underwriter then resells the securities to investors at a markup, which generates revenue for the underwriter. The amount of the markup, or the underwriter's commission, is negotiated between the company and the underwriter.
When a company enters into an SVUA, it is obligated to issue and sell the securities to the underwriter. In turn, the underwriter is obligated to purchase all of the securities offered by the company, even if they cannot resell them to investors. This provides a measure of certainty to the company, as they are guaranteed to raise the funding they require, even if they cannot find investors for their securities.
Why Use a Standby Volume Underwriting Agreement?
There are several reasons why a company may choose to use an SVUA. One of the most compelling reasons is to provide certainty during times of financial uncertainty. By having a guaranteed buyer for their securities, companies can raise the funds they need to operate, even in challenging financial markets.
Additionally, an SVUA can provide a faster, more efficient way for companies to raise funds compared to other financing options. For example, an initial public offering (IPO) can be a time-consuming and expensive process, and the outcome is uncertain. In contrast, an SVUA can be completed relatively quickly, allowing companies to raise funds when they need them.
Finally, an SVUA can be an effective way for companies to build relationships with underwriters. By working with an underwriter on an SVUA, a company can develop a relationship that may lead to other financing opportunities in the future.
In summary, a standby volume underwriting agreement is a type of agreement between a company and an underwriter that allows companies to issue securities and raise funds from investors. These agreements provide certainty to companies during times of financial uncertainty and can be a faster, more efficient way to raise funds compared to other financing options. By understanding the benefits of an SVUA, companies can make informed decisions on how to obtain the funding they need to succeed.


What Do Quails Eat?
Quails spend very little time in the air or in the water but spend a lot of time on the ground. They will eat plants, seeds, low hanging fruits, flowers, and leaves. Young quail will eat an occasional insect.
3 Additional Answers
Ask.com Answer for: what do quails eat
Quails eat insects and seeds.
A quail will mostly eat seeds, including acorns. Other common foods are alfalfa sprouts, cabbage, small insects, and, on occasion, small amounts of grass.It is important that a quail be fed many insects during the first few days of its life - though quail are mostly herbivorous, protein is important to their growth.
The diet of the quail varies depending upon the time of year or the individual's age or sex. Quail mostly eat seeds, but sometimes they will eat invertebrate animals. You can find more information here: _URL_
Q&A Related to "What Do Quails Eat?"
Quails will eat a lot of vegetation. They like seeds from weeds, and will eat ryes, oats, and other crop grains. Quails will eat insects, too. Look here for more information: http
The quails like to nest in open grasslands and forest clearings leaving them open to attacks from predators. Domestic animals such as cats are more than big enough to hunt quails
Larger bird of prey, example eagle.
Quails are seed eaters but will also take insects and similar small prey.
Explore this Topic
Some of the foods that are eaten by quails include small parrot, insects, vegetables, and seeding grasses. They scuff their foods like chooks. However, clean fresh...
You can eat quail eggs the same way you would eat chicken eggs. You may add salt and pepper to taste....
Quail is a versatile meat. It can be roasted, fried, stewed, or grilled. My favorite way to eat quail is when it is roasted in the oven. Simply, season it with...


text:
UBC Theses and Dissertations
Lensless imaging of red blood cells using coherent soft x-ray scattering Nazerzadeh-Yazdi, Arvin
I am reporting on lensless imaging of human red blood cell using coherent x-ray scattering (CXS) technique. The successful microfabrication of a sample-mask structure using focused ion beam (FIB) milling was the key element in this imaging technique. The sample-mask structure is 600 - 800 nm gold films deposited using sputtering or electron beam evaporation on Si₃N₄ membrane windows. We used commercially available 100 nm thick Si₃N₄ membranes held by 3 mm diameter silicon frames that are designed for use in transmission electron microscopy. The red blood cell (RBC) sample was mounted in front of a 3 μm hole milled through both gold and Si₃N₄ layers on the opposite side. Three smaller reference apertures with diameters 300, 250 and 200 nm on the gold side were milled all the way through both layers at a distance of 9 am center-to center from the sample aperture. These holes are used for holographic lensless x-ray imaging. It was found that a gold surface roughens during ion milling due to a sputter instability and which produces cup-like features with a characteristic length up to few hundred nm. We found apertures milled through gold films deposited by sputtering show good circularity and sidewall roughness of 20 nm. We present result on CXS measurements in transmission geometry near Fe L₃₋ and C K-absorption edges on a single RBC. We captured high resolution images of the sample by simple Fourier inversion of the recorded far-field scattered intensity. We found 8.5 % reduction in the transmission intensity near Fe L₃₋edge due to presence of Fe in the form of hemoglobin molecules inside RBC. This absorption agrees with estimated agrees well with the estimated value of 9 % within experimental uncertainty. From limited data measured below C K-edge we measured a presence of at least 300 nm thick carbon inside RBC which lies in the range of the estimated value of 1.8 μm. The resolution of our lensless imaging technique is about 55 nm near Fe L₃₋edge and 78 nm near C K-edge.
Item Citations and Data


text:
Skip to Main Content
A key topic in multicontroller strategies is the mechanism for switching between controllers, depending on the current operating point. The objective of the switching mechanism is to keep the control action coherent. To help students understand the switching strategy involved in multicontroller schema and the relationship between the system dynamics and the switching structure, this paper proposes a student practical where basic linear control knowledge and a simple switching strategy are applied to an educational nonlinear control problem, that of controlling the level in a tank. Evaluation provided by the students is also included.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Glass Substrate Effect on Raman Microscopy
Substrates for Raman Microscopy
Key Points
 - In Raman microscopy, the sample substrate can contribute to the Raman spectrum and hide valuable sample information.
 - Different substrate materials have unique optical properties and affect the Raman spectra in distinct ways.
 - This technical note investigates the effect of glass, quartz, calcium fluoride and stainless steel as a substrate, to help you understand their effects and maximise Raman data quality.
Introduction
In Raman microscopy, there are a multitude of parameters that need to be considered to acquire high-quality data. One of these, often overlooked, is the substrate on which the sample is supported, Figure 1. Various substrate materials are available, and each can influence the measured Raman spectrum differently. It is essential to understand the Raman properties of the substrate when designing an experiment to ensure that its spectral output does not obscure information about the sample of interest.1 This Technical Note will discuss the properties of four different substrates (glass, quartz, calcium fluoride and stainless steel) commonly used for Raman microscopy.
The substrate in Raman microscopy.
Figure 1. The substrate in Raman microscopy.
Raman Substrate One: Glass
The most common and cost-effective substrate for microscopy is glass, which can be purchased relatively cheaply in large quantities. Being transparent, glass microscope slides can be used for both reflected and transmitted illumination widefield microscopy. However, a significant drawback of using glass for Raman microscopy is background photoluminescence (PL), which can obscure valuable spectral information when standard laser wavelengths are used.2 Figure 2 shows the contributions of glass in spectra acquired using three different lasers, spanning the visible and near-infrared (NIR) regions of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum.
Raman analysis of glass substrate using 532 nm, 638 nm, and 785 nm lasers.
Figure 2. Raman analysis of glass using 532 nm, 638 nm, and 785 nm lasers.
When analysed with a 785 nm laser (red curve), the glass exhibits a strong PL band that peaks ca. 1400 cm-1. This can be observed when the overlying sample is transparent or when the sample is protected with a glass coverslip. At 638 nm (green curve), the glass spectrum shows a combination of Raman signatures and the rise of a PL band. There is no PL at 532 nm (blue curve), but the glass Raman spectrum is still relatively complex, and it contains multiple broad bands in the same spectral window as many potential functional groups of interest. These unwanted effects can be avoided by covering the glass with aluminium foil; however, this is unsuitable when low working distance objectives are used because it is difficult to secure it with the required level of precision. The best approach is to use an alternative material to glass.
Raman Substrate Two: Quartz
Fused quartz is an alternative transparent substrate that can be used for Raman microscopy. The spectral output of quartz is less variable than glass when probed with different laser wavelengths. Figure 3 shows that quartz does not exhibit PL, a significant advantage over glass. The larger spectral plot is on the same scale as the above glass spectra, and the inset plot shows the vibrational signatures of the quartz in greater detail. The Raman spectrum is still complex compared to other available substrates, but the most prominent band is in a low wavenumber region that is less likely to overlap with vibrational modes of interest. Quartz is the substrate of choice in high-temperature Raman applications because it is extremely heat-resistant.
Raman analysis of fused quartz substrate using 532 nm, 638 nm, and 785 nm lasers.
Figure 3. Raman analysis of fused quartz using 532 nm, 638 nm, and 785 nm lasers.
Raman Substrate Three: Calcium Fluoride
Calcium fluoride (CaF2) is another transparent material often considered the "gold standard" of Raman microscopy substrates. CaF2 has optical properties that are more favourable than glass and quartz for most Raman microscopy applications. To show this, the spectra of a CaF2 disk obtained with different wavelengths are plotted in Figure 4. CaF2 exhibits no PL, similar to quartz. The advantage of CaF2 is that it only has one narrow Raman band, ca. 330 cm-1, a frequency range in which most functional groups will not vibrate. This band is less likely to obscure sample features than the more complex Raman spectra of glass and quartz.
Raman analysis of calcium fluoride substrate using 532 nm, 638 nm, and 785 nm lasers.
Figure 4. Raman analysis of calcium fluoride using 532 nm, 638 nm, and 785 nm lasers.
Raman Substrate Four: Stainless Steel
Stainless steel slides are a non-transparent alternative to the previously discussed substrates with minimal background and no Raman spectral signatures. As shown in Figure 5, stainless steel shows less Raman signal than any of the aforementioned materials and negligible background emissions, making it an excellent substrate for Raman microscopy applications.
Raman analysis of stainless steel substrate using 532 nm, 638 nm, and 785 nm lasers
Figure 5. Raman analysis of stainless steel using 532 nm, 638 nm, and 785 nm lasers.
Stainless steel is not transparent to white light, and sample viewing is therefore limited to reflected illumination microscopy. Stainless steel can enhance the Raman intensity over alternative transparent materials because the reflectivity of the metal surface allows for double-pass of the laser beam through the sample.3 To demonstrate this, individual 3 μm polystyrene beads were analysed on glass and stainless steel, Figure 6. With the same laser and scatter path conditions, there is a significant improvement in the Raman intensity detected when the bead is on the steel substrate (blue) versus the glass (green).
Raman analysis of polystyrene beads on stainless steel and glass substrates.
Figure 6. Raman analysis of polystyrene beads on stainless steel and glass substrates.
Conclusion
In this Technical Note, we have discussed the effects of various sample substrates, such as glass, used for Raman microscopy, summarised in Table 1. It should be noted that quartz, calcium fluoride, and stainless steel are more expensive than glass, but they can also all be washed, sterilised, and reused. By understanding the properties of different substrates, it is easy to select the correct one and ensure that the spectral output of an experiment is exclusively from the sample of interest.
Table 1. Summary of the sample substrate materials discussed above.
Material PL Raman Microscopy Modes
Glass Yes Multiple broad peaks Reflected and transmitted illumination
Quartz No Broad peaks in low wavenumber region Reflected and transmitted illumination, high-temperature cells
Calcium fluoride No One narrow peak in low wavenumber region Reflected and transmitted illumination
Stainless steel No No Reflected illumination only, intensity enhancement due to laser double-pass
References
 1. J. Butler et al., Using Raman spectroscopy to characterise biological materials, Nat. Protoc., 2016, 11, 684-687.
 2. J. Byrne et al., Raman Microscopy: Complement or Competitor?, in RSC Analytical Spectroscopy Series, ed. D. Moss, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 2010, 105-143.
 3. T. Lewis et al., Mirrored stainless steel substrate provides improved signal for Raman spectroscopy of tissue and cells, J. Raman Spectrosc., 2017, 48, 119-125.
Related Products
Blank_200_140
RM5 Raman Microscope
Blank_200_140
RMS1000 Raman Microscope


Take the 2-minute tour ×
While downloading Fedora Linux, they offer two options for download that I don't know the difference to: x86 and i386. So what'sthe difference between them?
share|improve this question
In what context? – Kaleb Pederson Jan 27 '10 at 6:04
I downloaded fedora12, and it said 1386. I am aware of both i386 and x86. Now it made me wonder if both were same. – X10nD Jan 27 '10 at 6:12
Hurry!! The motherboards are approaching, I must have an answer. /s – Charlie Salts Jan 27 '10 at 6:36
add comment
closed as off topic by George Stocker Nov 27 '12 at 17:41
4 Answers
i386 is just one the first model in the x86 familly of processors, and instructions sets.
For more informations, you might want to take a look at :
Quoting the second page :
The term x86 refers to a family of instruction set architectures[1] based on the Intel 8086. The term is derived from the fact that many early processors that are backward compatible with the 8086 also had names ending in "86".
And, quoting the first one :
The Intel 80386, also known as the i386, or just 386,[1] was a 32-bit microprocessor introduced by Intel in 1985. [...]
As the original implementation of the 32-bit extensions to the 8086 architecture, the 80386 instruction set, programming model, and binary encodings are still the common denominator for all 32-bit x86 processors.
share|improve this answer
so in short x86 is the same as i386 – X10nD Jan 27 '10 at 6:15
Only in the same sense that a skyscraper is an Empire State Building. One is an architecture and the other is an exemplification of that architecture. Do you understand the difference? – Jens Sep 6 '11 at 14:30
Actually the 8086 was the first in the series, as shown in the quotation. – tripleee Nov 26 '12 at 21:09
add comment
80386/i386 was the first 32-bit Intel processor. When it was introduced, lot of compilers started using i386 as a flag to turn code-generation for it, a name for various temporary files, and architecture denominations in file names. 80386 was succeeded by 486, 586 (aka Pentium) and the rest of the x86 architecture CPUs. But the i386 stuck around as a label and is used as an alias to x86 (just like amd is used as an alias to x64 architecture, even though there are Intel x64 processors as well).
share|improve this answer
I still remember having the i386 directory for WIndows NT 4 lying around on smoe hard disk to install Windows without having to find the CD :-). Back in the time when Windows supported MIPS and Alpha ;-) – Јοеу Jan 27 '10 at 6:21
add comment
It's just another synonym for the same architecture. It's not entirely accurate but the 80386 is the original implementation of the 32-bit x86 instruction set and the common denominator for all following CPUs of that arch.
share|improve this answer
80386 (i386) was the first implementation of the 32-bit x86 architecture (x86-32). There were also the 16-bit 80186 and 80286 (x86-16) before it. :-) – Franci Penov Jan 27 '10 at 6:11
_USER_: Argh, thanks. Still too early here ;-) – Јοеу Jan 27 '10 at 6:19
add comment
i386 is more specific than x86, but yes, they're approximately the same.
share|improve this answer
add comment


retry logic for deadlocks may seem like a simple thing – just check if error_number() returns 1205 and in that case, start over from the beginning. And for a plain one-statement stored procedure it can be that simple. However, as soon as your stored procedure has a couple of statements, there can be quite a few things you need to think of, as the up-coming example will demonstrate. For the example we use this table:
CREATE TABLE FreakOut (id int NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
 guid uniqueidentifier NOT NULL UNIQUE,
 Minnesota varchar(40) NULL,
 Kansas varchar(40) NULL,
 WashingtonDC varchar(40) NULL)
The procedure HelpImARock inserts data from an XML document into the FreakOut table. The procedure returns two output parameters: the lowest id used and the number of rows inserted. Given the logic of the procedure, there is a guarantee that the ids are in a contiguous range. Here is how this procedure looks like in its original shape:
CREATE PROCEDURE HelpImARock @data xml,
 @firstid int OUTPUT,
 @noofrows int OUTPUT AS
SET XACT_ABORT, NOCOUNT ON
BEGIN TRY
 CREATE TABLE #temp (MN varchar(50) NOT NULL,
 KS varchar(50) NOT NULL,
 DC varchar(60) NOT NULL)
 INSERT #temp (MN, KS, DC)
 SELECT T.c.value('@Minnesota', 'varchar(50)'),
 T.c.value('@Kansas', 'varchar(50)'),
 T.c.value('@WashingtonDC', 'varchar(50)')
 FROM @data.nodes('/FreakOut') AS T(c)
 DECLARE @guids TABLE (guid uniqueidentifier NOT NULL UNIQUE)
 BEGIN TRANSACTION
 SELECT @firstid = isnull(MAX(id), 0) + 1
 FROM FreakOut WITH (HOLDLOCK)
 WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'
 INSERT FreakOut(id, guid, Minnesota, Kansas, WashingtonDC)
 OUTPUT inserted.guid INTO @guids
 SELECT @firstid + row_number() OVER(ORDER BY MN) - 1, newid(),
 MN, KS, DC
 FROM #temp
 SELECT @noofrows = @@rowcount
 COMMIT TRANSACTION
 SELECT FO.*
 FROM FreakOut FO
 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT * FROM @guids g WHERE FO.guid = g.guid)
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
 IF @@trancount > 0 ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
 EXEC slog.catchhandler_sp @@procid
 RETURN 1
END CATCH
The reader may find a few things a little odd here, but the procedure is not intended to be a showcase of best practice for this type of insert operations. It is a procedure that is designed to produce deadlocks. If two processes run this procedure in parallel, both will acquired a shared range lock on the FreakOut table to prevent a new MAX value to be added. (HOLDLOCK is the same as SERIALIZABLE) whereupon they will block each other when they try to do just that in the INSERT statement. The sole purpose of the WAITFOR is to make it simple to reproduce the deadlock by using query windows in SSMS.
Note: a proper implementation of the procedure would use the UPDLOCK hint instead to prevent deadlocks. Only one process at a time can have an UPDLOCK on a resource, so with hint the process that comes second will be blocked already on the SELECT.
To test the procedure, run this in one query window:
DECLARE @firstid int, @noofrows int
EXEC HelpImARock '<FreakOut Minnesota="Could you imagine?"
 Kansas="It can''t happen here"
 WashingtonDC="You''re safe baby"/>
 <FreakOut Minnesota="Twin cities"
 Kansas="Topeka"
 WashingtonDC="Potomac"/>',
 @firstid OUTPUT, @noofrows OUTPUT
SELECT @firstid, @noofrows
And in another window run:
DECLARE @firstid int, @noofrows int
EXEC HelpImARock '<FreakOut Minnesota="MinneMinneMinneMinneSota"
 Kansas="KansasKansasTotoTotoToto"
 WashingtonDC="AC-DC AC-DC AC-DC"/>',
 @firstid OUTPUT, @noofrows OUTPUT
SELECT @firstid, @noofrows
One of the windows will succeed, whereas the other window will produce this error message:
Msg 50000, Level 13, State 48, Procedure catchhandler_sp, Line 125
{1205} Procedure HelpImARock, Line 25
Transaction (Process ID 53) was deadlocked on lock resources with another process and has been chosen as the deadlock victim. Rerun the transaction.
Here is a second version of the procedure where I have added retry logic. The first thing to note is that the procedure has grown from 49 lines to 71 lines.
ALTER PROCEDURE HelpImARock @data xml,
 @firstid int OUTPUT,
 @noofrows int OUTPUT AS
SET XACT_ABORT, NOCOUNT ON
BEGIN TRY
 DECLARE @trancount_save int = @@trancount
 CREATE TABLE #temp (MN varchar(50) NOT NULL,
 KS varchar(50) NOT NULL,
 DC varchar(60) NOT NULL)
 INSERT #temp (MN, KS, DC)
 SELECT T.c.value('@Minnesota', 'varchar(50)'),
 T.c.value('@Kansas', 'varchar(50)'),
 T.c.value('@WashingtonDC', 'varchar(50)')
 FROM @data.nodes('/FreakOut') AS T(c)
 DECLARE @guids TABLE (guid uniqueidentifier NOT NULL UNIQUE)
 DECLARE @trycnt int = 1
 WHILE @trycnt > 0
 BEGIN TRY
 SELECT @firstid = NULL, @noofrows = NULL
 DELETE @guids
 BEGIN TRANSACTION
 SELECT @firstid = isnull(MAX(id), 0) + 1
 FROM FreakOut WITH (HOLDLOCK)
 IF @trycnt = 1 WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:10'
 INSERT FreakOut(id, guid, Minnesota, Kansas, WashingtonDC)
 OUTPUT inserted.guid INTO @guids
 SELECT @firstid + row_number() OVER(ORDER BY MN) - 1, newid(),
 MN, KS, DC
 FROM #temp
 SELECT @noofrows = @@rowcount
 SELECT FO.*
 FROM FreakOut FO
 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT * FROM @guids g WHERE FO.guid = g.guid)
 COMMIT TRANSACTION
 SELECT @trycnt = 0
 END TRY
 BEGIN CATCH
 IF @@trancount > 0 ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
 IF @trancount_save = 0 AND
 (error_number() = 1205 OR substring(error_message(), 1, 6) = '{1205}')
 BEGIN
 EXEC slog.sqleventlog_sp @@procid,
 'Deadlock occurred in attempt %1, retrying',
 @severity = 1, @raiserror = 1, @p1 = @trycnt
 SELECT @trycnt = @trycnt + 1
 END
 ELSE
 EXEC slog.catchhandler_sp @@procid
 END CATCH
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
 IF @@trancount > 0 ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
 EXEC slog.catchhandler_sp @@procid
 RETURN 1
END CATCH
Directly after BEGIN TRY we see this line:
DECLARE @trancount_save int = @@trancount
I save the current value of @@trancount in the beginning of the procedure. This is very important: if your procedure is called within a transaction in progress, you must never attempt a deadlock retry. The deadlock dooms the transaction and you must roll back the outer work as well. If you would redo your work only, that would be very wrong. I repeat that: very wrong.
This statement is followed by the original CREATE TABLE statement and the population of the temp table which is outside the retry scope. This is also an important point. This work cannot be redone. Or more exactly: the work cannot be redone with less than we add code to skip CREATE TABLE if the temp table exists and make sure it is empty before we reinsert. There is obviously little reason to do this here. The gist is that when you implement retry logic, you need to identify initial work that should not be reattempted. There is also a declaration of a table variable, which is seemingly innocuous in this context. The declaration is static, so if it would happen to be part of the retry scope, that would not pose a problem. ...until someone changes the table variable to be a temp table for performance reasons. Thus, handle table variables in the same way as creation of temp tables, and declare them outside the retry scope.
Next we arrive to a WHILE loop of which the body is a TRY-CATCH block:
 DECLARE @trycnt int = 1
 WHILE @trycnt > 0
 BEGIN TRY
 -- Loop init
 BEGIN TRANSACTION
 ...
 COMMIT TRANSACTION
 SELECT @trycnt = 0
 END TRY
 BEGIN CATCH


Statalist The Stata Listserver
st: RE: Dear statalist,
From "Nick Cox" <>
To <>
Subject st: RE: Dear statalist,
Date Thu, 10 May 2007 13:44:21 +0100
If the ids are numeric, then
gen both = string(min(pupil, friend)) + " " + string(max(pupil, friend))
and if they are string, then
gen both = cond(pupil < friend, pupil, friend) + " " + cond(pupil < friend, friend, pupil)
Now search for -duplicateson both.
Suppose "Tony" names "Gordon" as his best friend, and vice versa.
It is true that "Gordon" < "Tony" as inequalities with strings are
based on alphanumeric order.
Either way,
pupil friend
42 24
24 42
will both be mapped to "24 42"
pupil friend
Tony Gordon
Gordon Tony
will both be mapped to "Gordon Tony". Then, as said, look for
Phillip Sinclair PhD (Lond) MSc BSc
> I have a data list of the following form:
> 1. pupil id... friend id
> 2. pupil id... friend id
> 3. etc
> Each pupil can have several friends, each listed as a
> separate case i.e. there can be several cases with the same
> pupil id each case identifying a separate friend.
> I wish to create a new variable to identify reciprocated
> friendship choices e.g. where pupil A names pupil B as a
> friend and pupil B names pupil A as a friend.
> Please can you tell me of a simple way of doing this in STATA.
* For searches and help try:


text:
June is National Dairy month and today at Kids Club we are visiting a Dairy Farm, doing some a fun activities and a Science experiment : making ice ream. So let's get started:
Virtual Dairy Farm visit:
Dairy month activities:
Ice Cream in a Bag : Science Experiment :
- Large gallon size ziplock bag
- Quart size ziplock bag
- Oven mitts (to keep hands warm)
- 2 cups heavy cream
- 3 tbsp white sugar
- 1 tsp vanilla extract
- 3 cups ice
- ⅓ cup kosher salt
- In the smaller bag, add the heavy cream, sugar, and vanilla.
- Seal the bag and remove as much excess air as possible.
- In the larger bag, add the kosher salt and ice.
- Using oven mitts (to keep your hands warm) shake the bag for about 10 minutes.
- Remove from the bag and serve with optional toppings if desired.


CDC says red eyes at the pool caused by urine, not chlorine
NEW YORK — As summer begins, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is dropping a gross bombshell on swimmers explaining why their eyes burn in the pool.
Most swimmers believe that red, stinging eyes in the pool are caused by chlorine. While this isn't completely false, there's another disgusting element that creates the burning.
"Irritants in the air at swimming pools are usually the combined chlorine-by products of disinfection. These by-products are the result of chlorine binding with sweat, urine, and other waste from swimmers," a report from the CDC said.
Yep, sweat, urine and other waste.
These irritants tend to be stronger in indoor pools, where they can contribute to poor air quality. The lack of air circulation can cause further irritation for swimmers, such as red eyes and stinging.
The CDC says that keeping doors and windows open allows for better air circulation.
Swimmers are advised to shower and use the restroom before getting in the pool to decrease the formation of irritants.


text:
What is Asoka Tree?
Asoka is an evergreen tree native to India and Sri Lanka, and is highly valued for its medicinal properties. It belongs to the Polyalthia genus and grows to a height of approximately 30 feet. The bark and leaves of Asoka are often used in Ayurvedic medicine, and are thought to have a variety of benefits. These benefits include relief from inflammation, as well as digestive aid and immune system support.
Where is Asoka generally used?
Asoka bark and leaves are most often used in traditional Ayurvedic medicines to treat a variety of ailments. In particular, they are believed to be beneficial for reducing inflammation, supporting cardiovascular health, and boosting the immune system. Additionally, Asoka is also used for its astringent and antiseptic properties, and may be used for treating wounds and skin irritations.
Where is Asoka found?
Asoka is primarily found in India and Sri Lanka, although it is becoming increasingly available in other parts of the world. The tree has a very long life span and is fairly easy to cultivate, so it is becoming more widely grown in other tropical regions as well. Asoka is often found in native forests, as well as in home gardens and plantations.
What are the health benefits of Asoka?
The bark and leaves of Asoka have a variety of medicinal properties, and are believed to have anti-inflammatory, digestive, and immune boosting benefits. Additionally, Asoka has also been used for its antiseptic and astringent properties, and may be beneficial for treating wounds and skin irritations. Other potential benefits of Asoka include improving digestion, relieving pain, and reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Interesting Facts about Asoka
- Asoka is a sacred tree in India and is often planted near temples.
- Asoka has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine to treat a variety of ailments.
- The leaves and bark of Asoka are generally dried and powdered before being used for medicinal purposes.
- Asoka is also highly valued for its timber, which is used to make furniture, tools, and other items.
- Asoka is also known to attract wildlife, as it is pollinated by wasps and the nectar of its flowers is an important food source for birds and butterflies.
List of other similar ingredients
Other ingredients with similar properties to Asoka include Neem, Haritaki, Tulsi, and Ashwagandha. These ingredients are often found in traditional Ayurvedic medicines, and may help to reduce inflammation, support cardiovascular health, and boost the immune system.
In conclusion, Asoka is an evergreen tree native to India and Sri Lanka, and is highly valued for its medicinal properties. The bark and leaves of the Asoka tree are thought to be particularly beneficial, and are believed to have anti-inflammatory, digestive, and immune boosting properties. Additionally, Asoka is also a source of nectar to a variety of birds and butterflies. Other similar ingredients with similar properties to Asoka include Neem, Haritaki, Tulsi, and Ashwagandha. Asoka is a natural source of many beneficial compounds, and is an essential part of traditional Ayurvedic medicine.


text:
Question: a horizontal saturated 40 m thick confined aquifer is overlain...
A horizontal, saturated, 40 m thick confined aquifer is overlain by 50 m of clay with a density of 2.55 g/cm^3. The static head in the confined aquifer is 75 m given a datum corresponding to the bottom of the aquifer.
Calculate Total stress?
At a point in the aquifer, the pressure head is 60 m. Calculate the effective stress at this point in the aquifer?
Head is reduced from 75 to 65 m in the aquifer. What is the change in pressure head (in meters), fluid pressure, effective stress and total stress?


text:
Accounting for depreciation by Indian corporates is governed by the provision of Section 123 read with Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013 and accounting standards, AS 6 and AS 10. To provide a practical guidance on accounting for depreciation (Schedule II) to preparers and auditors of the financial statements, the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) has released a guidance note on the same. Major guidance provided by the guidance note are as follows:
(i) Depreciation should be charged on the basis of useful life. Useful life is specified in the Schedule II, but an entity may use different useful life subject to certain disclosures.


text:
The original Capelli Road wastewater pump station had sustained extensive hydrogen sulphide damage rendering the wet well and building structurally unsound. This project consisted of replacement with a complete new structure and mechanical elements, designed to allow continued operation of the existing pump station during construction and commissioning.
A major pump station in Adelaide's north-western suburbs, this asset receives flow from 9 smaller pump stations and services a population of around 40,000. It discharges wastewater to the Bolivar trunk main, approximately 1.2km east of the site. SA Water (asset owner) engaged Leed for this project through a design and construct contract.
Tonkin Consulting were engaged by Leed as designer for this project. This scope included site civil works, stormwater, structural details, gravity sewer, rising main and mechanical design. Technical advice for managing contaminated soils, hydraulic design, operating philosophy and managing septicity was also provided by Tonkin Consulting
The new pump station wet well is a 9m deep, 6m diameter structure. Instead of the conventional secant piling construction method, a segmental shaft technique was developed as a more cost efficient solution.
The design flow rate of the new pump station is 450L/s using a three pump duty, assist, standby arrangement. Hydraulic design required maintaining relatively low pumping head in order to protect the original rising main system.
Site levels and earthworks were designed to minimise the volume of spoil removed from site.


text:
This article shows a classical approach to lock a file so that it doesn't
reveal its original content in any software. For locking a file, a password is
required. To view the file again in its original form, it has to be unlocked
with the LOCK software with the same password which was used to lock the file.
The basic approach used is the symmetric key cryptography. The file is
converted into blocks of 8 bytes and repeatedly XORed with the similar block of
8 bytes obtained by the password. Because the encryption used is symmetric key
cryptography, the same process is used for unlocking\decryption.
Using the code
Following is the code for main encryption routine. For more details, look at
source code for the comments.
int count = (1024 + keyBytes.Length-1)/keyBytes.Length;
for( int i=0 ; i _URL_


Abstract
The Canadian Seismograph Network long period instrument parameters are used to calculate theoretical output response curves to various input functions. These curves were used as overlays to the actual response of the instruments to a known input pulse sequence. This provides an independent means of determining instrument response as well as daily monitoring ability.
You do not currently have access to this article.


Can a Way of Astral Self Monk use wisdom related scores for jumping?
I have several questions on the interactions between the Arms of Astral Self and the Jumping mechanics. According to the 3rd level feature, Arms of the Astral Self:
While the spectral arms are present, you gain the following benefits:
 - You can use your Wisdom modifier in place of your Strength modifier when making Strength checks and Strength saving throws.
 - You can use the spectral arms to make unarmed strikes.
 - When you make an unarmed strike with the arms on your turn, your reach for it is 5 feet greater than normal.
 - The unarmed strikes you make with the arms can use your Wisdom modifier in place of your Strength or Dexterity modifier for the attack and damage rolls, and their damage type is force.
The Jumping session of the PHB states:
Long Jump
This rule assumes that the height of your jump doesn't matter, such as a jump across a stream or chasm. At your DM's option, you must succeed on a DC 10 Strength (Athletics) check to clear a low obstacle (no taller than a quarter of the jump's distance), such as a hedge or low wall. Otherwise, you hit it.
High Jump
When you make a high jump, you leap into the air a number of feet equal to 3 + your Strength modifier (minimum of 0 feet) if you move at least 10 feet on foot immediately before the jump. When you make a standing high jump, you can jump only half that distance. Either way, each foot you clear on the jump costs a foot of movement. In some circumstances, your DM might allow you to make a Strength (Athletics) check to jump higher than you normally can.
You can extend your arms half your height above yourself during the jump. Thus, you can reach above you a distance equal to the height of the jump plus 1½ times your height.
My questions would be, assuming that I have Arms of the Astral Self activated:
 1. Can I use my Wisdom Score instead of my strenght score to determine my long jump distance?
 2. Can I make a Wisdom (Athletics) check instead of a Strenght (Athletics) check?
 3. Can I use my Wisdom modifier instead of my Strenght modifier to determine my high jump's height?
 4. Can the extra 5 feet range of the Arms of Astral Self be used when accounting for "extending your arms half your height above yourself" on the high jump, making it 1½ your height + 5 feet instead of only 1½ your height?
I am aware that some of the answers to these questions are up to DM discretion, so I would like to know, if possible, what would be the RAW interpretation and also how would you rule it in your games.
In advance, I'm extremely grateful to whoever takes time to answer these 🙂
Does a PF2e spellcaster who takes multiclass dedications into other spellcasting classes, and related spellcasting feats, gain more spell slots?
Ezren is a level 10 evocation wizard, and hence would have spell slots of the following levels:
+-------------+-----------------+ | Spell level | Number of slots | +-------------+-----------------+ | 1 | 4 | | 2 | 4 | | 3 | 4 | | 4 | 4 | | 5 | 4 | +-------------+-----------------+
However, at level 2 Ezren took the Sorcerer multiclass dedication. At level 4 he took Basic Sorcerer Spellcasting, and Bloodline Breadth at level 8.
How many spell slots does Ezren have in a given day? Is it:
Because at level 8, spellcasting archetype feats grant an additional spell slot of first, second and third level, AND the bloodline breadth feat increases each of these by one?
Or do these sources of spell slots not stack for some reason? Coming from fifth edition, a wizard who multiclasses sorcerer still has the same number of spell slots as a pure wizard, so I'd like to clarify my understanding here.
Is it possible for the runtime and input size in an algorithm to be inversely related?
I'm wondering if it's possible for algorithms that have monotonically decreasing runtime with the input-size – just as a fun mental exercise. If not, is it possible to disprove this claim? I haven't been able to come up with an example or counterexample so far, and this sounds like an interesting problem.
P.S. Something like $ O(\frac{1}{n})$, I guess (if it exists)
Help understanding a theorem Kleinberg proves related to sequence alignment
This is from Kleinberg's Algorithm Design text (Theorem 6.14)
Let $ M$ be an alignment of $ X$ and $ Y$. If $ (m, n) \notin M$, then either the $ m^{\text{th}}$ position of $ X$ or the $ n^{\text{th}}$ position of $ Y$ is not matched in $ Y$.
The theorem does not state that $ m, n$ must be the last elements of $ X$ and $ Y$ respectively, but earlier, when introducing the topic, he uses $ m, n$ to denote the last entries of the two strings. Which of these is correct?
Unrelated applications like games accessing 'webcache' related files
As title suggests im wondering if a game,for example, has any business accessing 'webcache_counters'.
After attempting to clean my webcachev01 file due to its oddly large filesize given the fact i dont use IE or Microsoft Edge at all, I noticed in processexplorer that alot of my random applications were accessing a file with the suffix 'webcache_counters' followed by a string of numbers I'd imagine to be a registry key.
Strange thing about this handle is that i cant view its properties nor close the handle. With the first saying that it is 'Unable to query' and the latter saying i lack administrative rights. To clarify I am the sole user and administrator on this machine.
All this is having me increasingly worried, ive been having recent fears of malware on my PC and this has appeared in my rigourous inquiry of my files and processes. How can an innocuous sounding file/handle bar me from even closing it in process explorer?
Create dynamic sql query to select all related data in DB based on entry table and ID
Hope all is well. I am hoping you can help me.
Problem Statement – I'm tasked to create a dynamic SQL statement which will select all related data from a given table where the Identifier is passed. For each table where the relevant data is found i would like the data to be exported onto a separate tab of within excel
If i was doing this manually done this i would perform the following queries and export the data onto each tab;
Select * from Mason where id = 12345 Select * from MasonContacts where Companyid= 12345 Select * from MasonOpportunities where Comid = 12345
However given the sheer volume of tables this isn't viable.
Step 1 : Type in my identifier (in this case my identifier is a field called "Id" in the Table "Mason") The query will always start from this table.
Table Name : Mason Field : Id = "12345"
Step 2 : Search against table "MasonContacts", search against the field "Companyid". Return all columns & records where the field "Companyid = 12345"
Table Name : MasonContacts Field : Companyid
Step 3 : Search against table "Mason Opportunities ", search against the field "Comid". Return all columns & records where the field "Company = 12345"
Table Name : MasonOpportunities Field : Comid
Looking forward to your help
Spam Mail Related to my Browsing
I was searching google to find a good printer to buy. To my horror, the next day I got a spam mail with theme "Print smarter at low price". Is this a coincidence or is my PC breached? What should I do? No alerts from Anti-Virus. Or can that webpage I opened install some malware? I didn't click on anything there.
Databases and B-Trees: What are Keys and how are they related
I confused about the description & definition of "key" occuring as terminology for databases and b-trees.
In first case dealing with theory of databases a key is defined as a choice for a in certain sense minimal (see below) subset $ K \subset A := \{A_1,A_2,…,A_n\}$ of a fixed set of attributes $ A_i$ parametrizing a data table (consisting of relations; a single relation is abstraction of a row in the table), where each attribute is literally a column specifying a property of objects = relations.
A key is characterized by property that there exist no two different relations (a relation is a row) which have exactly the same values for all attributes which belong to the key. And a key is a minimal subset with this property, ie there not exist a proper smaller subset of attributes contained in the key and having the property described in last sentence. Clearly keys are not unique. So the set of a keys is certain subset of the power set of the set attributes $ A_i$. See also here:
On the other hand the key concept occures as well for b-trees:
Here keys are a priori numbers or integers and different knots of b-tree contain different totally ordered subsets of keys


text:
.
The system implicitly defines a constructor function called the attribute value constructor for all object types with attributes. The attribute value constructor can be used to initialize the attributes of the object. Opaque types do not have attributes and therefore do not have attribute value constructors. However, opaque types can have constructor functions, and many system-defined opaque types, such as XMLTYPE, do have them.
"Transient and Generic Types" for information about
The attribute-value constructor is convenient to use because it already exists. But user-defined constructors have some important advantages over the attribute-value one with respect to type evolution.
"Constructor Methods",, for general information about constructors
With the attribute-value constructor, you must pass the constructor a value for each attribute of the type, to set the attributes of the new object instance to those values.
CREATE TYPE shape AS OBJECT ( name VARCHAR2(30), area NUMBER ); -- Attribute value constructor: Sets instance attributes -- to the specified values INSERT INTO building_blocks VALUES ( NEW shape('my_shape', 4) );
NEW preceding a call to a constructor is optional but recommended.
The system-supplied constructor function saves you the trouble of defining your own constructors for a type. However, if you use an attribute-value constructor to create and initialize an instance, you must supply a value for every attribute declared in the type. Otherwise the constructor call will fail to compile.
This requirement of an attribute-value constructor can create a problem if you evolve the type later on--by adding an attribute, for example. When you change the attributes of a type, the type's attribute-value constructor changes, too. If you add an attribute, the updated attribute-value constructor expects a value for the new attribute as well as the old ones. As a result, all the attribute-value constructor calls in your existing code, where values for only the old number of attributes are supplied, will fail to compile.
User-defined constructors avoid the problem with the attribute-value constructor because user-defined constructors do not need to explicitly set a value for every attribute of a type. A user-defined constructor can have any number of arguments, of any type, and these do not need to map directly to type attributes. In your definition of the constructor, you can initialize the attributes to any appropriate values. Any attributes for which you do not supply values are initialized by the system to
If you evolve a type--for example, by adding an attribute--calls to user-defined constructors for the type do not need to be changed. User-defined constructors, like ordinary methods, are not automatically modified when the type evolves, so the call signature of a user-defined constructor remains the same. You may, however, need to change the definition of the constructor if you do not want the new attribute to be initialized to
You define user-defined constructors in the type body, like an ordinary method function. You introduce the declaration and the definition with the phrase
CONSTRUCTOR FUNCTION; you must also use the clause
RETURN SELF AS RESULT.
A constructor for a type must have the same name as the type. The following code defines two constructor functions for the
shape type. As the example shows, you can overload user-defined constructors by defining multiple versions with different signatures:
CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE shape AS OBJECT ( name VARCHAR2(30), area NUMBER, CONSTRUCTOR FUNCTION shape(name VARCHAR2) RETURN SELF AS RESULT, CONSTRUCTOR FUNCTION shape(name VARCHAR2, area NUMBER) RETURN SELF AS RESULT ) NOT FINAL; CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE BODY shape IS CONSTRUCTOR FUNCTION shape(name VARCHAR2) RETURN SELF AS RESULT IS BEGIN SELF.name := name; SELF.area := 0; return; END; CONSTRUCTOR FUNCTION shape(name VARCHAR2, area NUMBER) RETURN shape SELF AS RESULT IS BEGIN SELF.name := name; SELF.area := area; return; END; END;
A user-defined constructor has an implicit first parameter
SELF. Specifying this parameter in the declaration of a user-defined constructor is optional. If you do specify it, its mode must be declared to be
The required clause
RETURN SELF AS RESULT ensures that the most specific type of the instance being returned is the same as the most specific type of the
SELF argument. For example, if the most specific type of the
SELF argument on a call to the
shape constructor is
shape, then this clause ensures that the
shape constructor returns an instance of
shape (not an instance of a subtype of
When a constructor function is called, the system initializes the attributes of the
SELF argument to
NULL. Names of attributes subsequently initialized in the function body may be qualified with
SELF, as shown in the preceding example, to distinguish them from the names of the arguments of the constructor function, if these are the same. If the argument names are different, no such qualification is necessary. For example:
The function body must include an explicit
return; as shown. The return keyword must not be followed by a
return expression. The system automatically returns the newly constructed
A user-defined constructor may be implemented in PL/SQL, C, or Java.
Like other type methods, user-defined constructors can be overloaded.
User-defined constructors are not inherited, so they cannot be overridden. However, a user-defined constructor does hide, and thus supersede, an attribute-value constructor if the signature of the user-defined constructor exactly matches the signature of the attribute-value constructor. For the signatures to match, the names and types of the parameters (after the implicit
SELF parameter) of the user-defined constructor must be the same as the names and types of the type's attributes. The mode of each of the user-defined constructor's parameters (after the implicit
SELF parameter) must be
If an attribute-value constructor is not hidden by a user-defined constructor having the same name and signature, the attribute-value constructor can still be called.
Note that, if you evolve a type--for example, by adding an attribute--the signature of the type's attribute-value constructor changes accordingly. This can cause a formerly hidden attribute-value constructor to become usable again.
A user-defined constructor is called like any other function. You can use a user-defined constructor anywhere you can use an ordinary function.
SELF argument is passed in implicitly and may not be passed in explicitly. In other words, usages like the following are not allowed:
A user-defined constructor cannot occur in the
DEFAULT clause of a CREATE or ALTER TABLE statement, but an attribute-value constructor can. The arguments to the attribute-value constructor must not contain references to PL/SQL functions or to other columns, including the pseudocolumns
ROWNUM, or to date constants that are not fully specified. The same is true for check constraint expressions: an attribute-value constructor can be used as part of check constraint expressions while creating or altering a table, but a user-defined constructor cannot.
Parentheses are required in SQL even for constructor calls that have no arguments. For example:
In PL/SQL, parentheses are optional when invoking a zero-argument constructor. They do, however, make it more obvious that the constructor call is a function call.
The following PL/SQL example omits parentheses in the constructor call to create a new shape:
NEW keyword and the schema name are optional.
CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE rectangle UNDER shape ( length NUMBER, breadth NUMBER, CONSTRUCTOR FUNCTION rectangle( name VARCHAR2, length NUMBER, breadth NUMBER ) RETURN SELF as RESULT ); CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE BODY rectangle IS CONSTRUCTOR FUNCTION rectangle( name VARCHAR2, length NUMBER, breadth NUMBER ) RETURN SELF AS RESULT IS BEGIN SELF.name := name; SELF.area := length*breadth; SELF.length := length; SELF.breadth := breadth; RETURN ; END; END; INSERT INTO rectangle_table SELECT NEW rectangle(s.name, s.length, s.breadth) FROM square_table s; UPDATE rectangle_table SET rec = NEW rectangle('Quad', 12, 5) WHERE rec IS NULL;
A SQLJ object type is a SQL object type mapped to a Java class. A SQLJ object type has an attribute-value constructor. It can also have user-defined constructors that are mapped to constructors in the referenced Java class.
CREATE TYPE address AS OBJECT EXTERNAL NAME 'university.address' LANGUAGE JAVA USING SQLData ( street VARCHAR2(100) EXTERNAL NAME'street', city VARCHAR2(50) EXTERNAL NAME 'city', state VARCHAR2(50) EXTERNAL NAME'state', zip_code number EXTERNAL NAME 'zipCode', CONSTRUCTOR FUNCTION address (full_address VARCHAR) EXTERNAL NAME 'address (java.lang.String)', );
A SQLJ type of a serialized representation can have only a user-defined constructor. The internal representation of an object of SQLJ type is opaque to SQL, so an attribute-value constructor is not possible for a SQLJ type.
The following sections introduce tips and techniques for using OCI effectively by showing common operations performed by an OCI program that uses objects.
To enable object manipulation, the OCI program must be initialized in object mode. The following OCI code initializes a program in object mode:
When the program is initialized in object mode, the object cache is initialized. Memory for the cache is not allocated at this time; instead, it is allocated only on demand.
The LNOCIObjectNew() function creates transient or persistent objects. A transient object's lifetime is the duration of the session in which it was created. A persistent object is an object that is stored in an object table in the database. The LNOCIObjectNew() function returns a pointer to the object created in the cache, and the application should initialize the new object by setting the attribute values directly. The object is not created in the database yet; it will be created and stored in the database when it is flushed from the cache.
When LNOCIObjectNew() creates an object in the cache, it sets all the attributes to
NULL. The attribute null indicator information is recorded in the parallel null indicator structure. If the application sets the attribute values, but fails to set


text:
The Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship and Iowa State University, along with a wide variety of federal, state and private partners, have been looking at ways to reduce nutrient loading into our state's waterways for more than 20 years.
As a result of this long-term partnership, a new pilot project has been developed to further test the effectiveness of routing tile drainage water from our farm fields through wetlands that have been shown to reduce the nitrate level in the water by more than 50 percent. You can read a guest Op-Ed by Iowa Secretary of Agriculture Bill Northey and Iowa State University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Dean Wendy Wintersteen that has more information about the pilot program here.
This pilot program is based on work that has been done here in Iowa through the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP). Through CREP 72 of these wetlands have been restored or are under construction or design. Water Quality testing done by Iowa State University show that these wetlands effectively remove more than 50 percent of nitrates from tile drainage water. In addition to reducing nitrate loads to surface waters, the wetlands provide wildlife habitat and increased recreational opportunities.
More information about the CREP program and the wetlands that have been built can be found here.
Mailing Address: IDALS, Wallace State Office Building, 502 E. 9th Street, Des Moines, IA 50319: PH: _PHONE_


Review Index:
Angel Eye Bay-Res Water-Cooling Reservoir
Manufacturer: Angel Eye USA
Reservoir and Installation
Why use a reservoir?
The use of a reservoir in a PC water-cooling system is optional. For many the advantages of using a reservoir outweigh the disadvantages. Reservoirs come in many different shapes, sizes and styles. Some contain a submerged pump while others do not and are connected inline. The Angel Eye Bay-Res is an inline reservoir. This means you can pretty much plumb it wherever you want in the water-cooling system. My personal preference is to have the reservoir connected directly ahead of the pump.
Advantages of using a reservoir:
 - Provides an easily accessible fill point
 - Serves as an air trap to help remove air bubbles
 - Provides a reserve volume of water to make up for losses that occur over time
 - Can help reduce NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head) of the pump
 - Allows for expansion and contraction of the systems water volume
Disadvantages of using a reservoir:
 - Can be bulky – may be hard to locate in small systems
 - Potential source of flow restriction and leaks
The two most obvious advantages of using a reservoir are providing an easy access point to fill or add water to the system and helping get rid of trapped air bubbles, especially during startup. When you first setup a system, there will always be some air bubbles circulating around in the water. These air bubbles must be removed for optimum performance (water transports heat a lot more efficiently than air).
As the water enters the relatively large volume of the reservoir, the water velocity will decrease (don't confuse velocity with flow – the overall flow rate will remain constant in a closed system). Air bubbles can become trapped in a high velocity fluid stream and may only rise to the surface when the water velocity slows down enough to release them.
In general the higher the overall system flow rate, the larger the reservoir volume will need to be to effectively remove air from the system. Remember though, just because you may have a pump that is rated at 300 GPH free flow, doesn't mean you will have anywhere near that amount in a real system. In addition to the total volume, the shape of the reservoir and use of baffles and/or screens can have a large affect on a reservoir's ability to remove trapped air bubbles. The Bay-Res Rev. 2 incorporates a center baffle, which forces the water to flow down one side and back the other. This helps minimize turbulence and gives the air bubbles a greater chance to reach the surface.
One of the nice features of an inline reservoir is that you can place it most anywhere you want in your system. This means the Bay-Res can go in the top, middle or bottom drive bay. Now some people think that having the reservoir at the highest point in the case is best since air bubbles rise to the highest point, right? Well actually, no. Air bubbles will only freely rise to the highest point when there is no flow. The normal flow in an operating system is usually enough to keep air bubbles trapped and circulating in the coolant stream. Only when the water velocity decreases in the reservoir do the air bubbles have a chance to slow down and rise to the surface.
Installing the Bay-Res in an open 5.25" drive bay was much like installing a typical optical drive. The reservoir is held in place with the four supplied screws. Having a case that uses sliding drive bay rails is a big advantage – it allows quickly and easily sliding the reservoir out for filling or topping off the system.
If your case does not have sliding bay rails then you will have to remove the reservoir mounting screws before you can slide the reservoir forward for filling or topping off the system. Alternately, if the bay(s) above the reservoir are empty, that can also provide access to the fill port.
I generally find that mounting the Bay-Res in the lower 5.25" drive bay works the best for me as it keeps the reservoir below the optical drives (just in case we experience a leak) and the tubing more closely lines up with other components (like the waterblock). In reality, with the option of using either straight or 90º fittings, you can place it in any drive bay you choose.
No comments posted yet.
Post new comment
 - Lines and paragraphs break automatically.
More information about formatting options
By submitting this form, you accept the Mollom privacy policy.


I want to select an imported object and move it to a specific location. The object is imported in an earlier part of the script. After the import i move it with the following part of the script.
import bpy
# Select object i want to move
bpy.data.objects["Cube"].select = True
# Move Origin to geometry and move object to location
bpy.context.object.location[0] = 0
bpy.context.object.location[1] = 0
bpy.context.object.location[2] = 0
bpy.context.object.rotation_euler[0] = 0
bpy.context.object.rotation_euler[1] = 0
bpy.context.object.rotation_euler[2] = 0
When the script is on position bpy.context.object.location[0] = 0 console gives following error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'location'
I understand the message, that my Cube has no location attributes. But he must have them. When i select him with right mouse and type bpy.context.object.location[0] = 0, no error is given and he moves to the position i want.
Do i have an error in the selection-part of my script? How can i solve this?
 - 4
 $\begingroup$ To set the context object use context.scene.objects.active = obj setting the select property only makes it one of context.selected_objects. The error was occurring because context.object is None $\endgroup$ – batFINGER Dec 3 '15 at 11:30
When you select multiple objects one of them is highlighted in a lighter colour. This "lighter" object is known as the active object and is the object that bpy.context.object refers to. This active object may be just one of many selected objects that is listed in bpy.context.selected_objects.
When manipulating objects using python the active object can be left undefined or no longer pointing to a valid object. In this situation you will get the 'NoneType' object error which is saying that the variable you used (bpy.context.object) is a NoneType or null and non existent object so has no location attribute (or any other attributes).
Using bpy.context.object and bpy.context.selected_objects are convenience properties that allows a script to dynamically work with the currently selected objects and allow it to differentiate the one active object. An example is the copy attributes addon which can take a property from the active object and apply it to the rest of the selected objects.
If you know the name of the object you want your script to work on then accessing it through bpy.data.objects['name'] will reliably refer to that object every time. If you want to use an operator that works on the active object, then you can set the active object with bpy.context.scene.objects.active = bpy.data.objects['name']
Quick answer from the future: You are using the location as a list or collection [x,y,z], but it's not it's a Vector((x,y,z)) in the console for some reason obj.location[0] = something works, but it's a risky approach. Try this instead:
location = Vector((1,2,3))
obj.location = location
Your Answer


At Schull CC, our Climate Change Activists work to raise awareness of issues to do with climate change, identify areas for action and engage with their peers and their teachers in a range of activities. They organise whole school climate protests and beach clean ups, they gather crisp packets, ink cartridges, aluminium and batteries for recycling and they have fitted bird boxes, bat boxes and an insect hotel on the college grounds and in the local community.
A current objective is to install a bottle-refill station on the college campus. Some of the organisations that these activists liaise with are; Tidy Towns, Repak Ireland, the Climate Ambassadors programme, National Spring Clean and Amnesty International.


text:
|The English Snaphance developed during the second half on the sixteenth century and was in production by the 1580s.|
|THE ENGLISH SNAPHANCE
Click on the thumbnails below to view full size examples and explanations of the English Snaphance.
dated examples exist, the earliest known being the English snaphance
engraved 1584, now in the Tojhusmuseet, Copenhagen. Another, dated
1588, is in the Victoria & Albert Museum, London, and a third
example, dated 1590, can be seen at the Royal Armouries, Leeds. These
examples confirm that the lock was fully developed prior to 1580.
the first two decades of the 17th century, snaphance guns were
considered to be one of the leading technological innovations in
England and they were included among gifts to the royalty of Europe.
Much evidence survives to show that the snaphance remained popular in
England until the 1640s, although comparatively few examples now exist.


text:
Interior: Plants warrant federal protection
The federal government has declared two western Colorado wildflowers to be candidates for protection under the Endangered Species Act, conservation groups say.
Interior Secretary Ken Salazar determined the skiff milkvetch and Scholl's milkvetch warrant but can't be listed for protection because of higher priorities, WildEarth Guardians and the Center for Native Ecoystems said in a news release.
Colorado is the only state where the plants are found, the groups said. The skiff milkvetch, which gets its name from its boat-shaped fruits, occupies just 83 acres in Gunnison and Saguache counties. Schmoll's milkvetch has a total of four populations, and is found on mesa tops in Mesa Verde National Park and the Ute Mountain Ute reservation.
Drought, climate change and proliferation of cheatgrass, a nonnative species, are considered threats to both plants. Livestock grazing, development, and roads and trails are among other threats to the skiff milkvetch, the groups say.


nLab
microlocalization
Microlocalization is a tool invented by Mikio Sato to study linear partial differential equations (as a part of his algebraic analysis program) not only locally in space but also locally in momentum variable. It is a purely algebraic theory that was also continued in parallel by analysts, like Hormander, giving the domain of microlocal analysis.
Sato's theory of microlocalization was first described in the setting of D-modules:
 - M. Kashiwara, Kawai, Kimura: foundations of algebraic analysis.
It was then extended by M. Kashiwara and P. Schapira to a purely sheaf theoretical theory.
This theory of microlocalization of (ind)-sheaves was developped in the following works:
A good overview of the theory can by found at:
Revised on August 1, 2011 10:30:46 by Urs Schreiber (82.113.99.43)


Gadgets
What Does SOS Only Mean on iPhone? A Comprehensive Guide.
152views
Introduction:
what does sos only mean on iPhone: If you have an iPhone, you may have seen the message "SOS Only" appear in the top left corner of your screen. This message can be alarming and confusing, especially if you're not sure what it means or how to fix it.
In short, "SOS Only" means that your iPhone is currently unable to connect to your cellular network, and is only able to make emergency calls. This can happen for a variety of reasons, such as being in an area with poor network coverage, having a damaged SIM card, or experiencing a software issue.
If you see the "SOS Only" message, the first thing to do is to check your cellular settings. Make sure that Airplane Mode is turned off, and that Cellular Data is turned on. You can also try resetting your network settings by going to Settings > General > Reset > Reset Network Settings.
If these steps don't work, you may need to contact your cellular provider or Apple Support for further assistance. They may be able to identify any issues with your account or device that is causing the problem.
It's important to note that while your iPhone is in "SOS Only" mode, you can still make emergency calls. To do so, simply dial 911 or your local emergency number. You can also access the Emergency SOS feature by pressing and holding the side button and one of the volume buttons on your iPhone.
In summary, "SOS Only" on your iPhone means that your device is currently unable to connect to your cellular network, and is only able to make emergency calls. If you see this message, check your cellular settings and try resetting your network settings. If the issue persists, contact your cellular provider or Apple Support for further assistance. And remember, even in "SOS Only" mode, your iPhone can still be used to make emergency calls if needed.
what does sos only mean on iphone
How do I check my network coverage on my iPhone?
To check your network coverage on your iPhone, you can follow these steps:
 1. Open the Settings app on your iPhone.
 2. Scroll down and tap on "Cellular" or "Mobile Data," depending on your iOS version.
 3. Under "Cellular Data Options" or "Mobile Data Options," you should see an option for "Voice & Data." Tap on this option.
 4. Here, you will see a list of available network options. If your carrier provides coverage in your area, you should see your carrier's name listed here. Select your carrier to check your network coverage.
 5. You should now see a map or a list of the areas where your carrier provides coverage. If your area is not covered, you may see a message indicating that your carrier does not provide coverage in your location.
If you are still unable to connect to your carrier's network or see the "SOS only" message on your iPhone, you may need to contact your carrier for further assistance. They can help you troubleshoot any issues with your account or device and provide additional guidance on how to improve your network coverage.
How can I contact my carrier for further assistance?
To contact your carrier for further assistance, you can follow these steps:
 1. Look up your carrier's customer support phone number or website. You can usually find this information on your carrier's website or on your bill.
 2. Call your carrier's customer support phone number or visit their website.
 3. Explain the issue you are experiencing with your iPhone, including the "SOS only" message and any troubleshooting steps you have already taken.
 4. The customer support representative will guide you through additional troubleshooting steps or escalate the issue to a higher level of support if necessary.
 5. If the issue is related to your account or SIM card, the customer support representative may need to verify your account information or send you a new SIM card.
 6. Once the issue is resolved, confirm that your iPhone can connect to the network by checking the signal strength indicator on your device's status bar.
Keep in mind that some carriers may also offer support through online chat or email. You can check your carrier's website or app for more information on these options.
what does sos only mean on iphone
How can I check if my iPhone is up to date?
To check if your iPhone is up to date, you can follow these steps:
 1. Open the Settings app on your iPhone.
 2. Scroll down and tap on "General."
 3. Tap on "Software Update."
 4. Your iPhone will now check if there is a software update available. If there is an update available, you will see a message indicating this.
 5. If an update is available, tap on "Download and Install" to start the update process.
 6. If your iPhone is up to date, you will see a message indicating that your software is up to date.
It is important to keep your iPhone up to date with the latest software updates as they can include important security patches, bug fixes, and new features. Apple typically releases new software updates periodically, and you can check for updates using the steps above. You can also enable automatic updates to ensure that your iPhone always has the latest software. To enable automatic updates, go to Settings > General > Software Update > Automatic Updates and toggle the switch to on. What does sos only mean on iphone
Conclusion
In conclusion, checking if your iPhone is up to date and ensuring that it has the latest software is important for security, bug fixes, and new features. You can check for software updates by going to Settings > General > Software Update on your iPhone
. If an update is available, you can download and install it to your device. Additionally, enabling automatic updates can help ensure that your iPhone always has the latest software. By keeping your iPhone up to date, you can ensure that it runs smoothly and securely.
Read More:
Leave a Response
Ali Raza
Techy Arm is a leading platform that provides you with information about the latest news from all over the world. This platform focuses on SEO, Technology, Business, Lifestyle, and much more regarding daily life.


text:
Manufacturing of oriented strand board requires a combination of high pressure and elevated temperatures — a combination that holds a high potential for fire unless fireresistant hydraulic fluids are used.
By Alan L. Hitchcox
Oriented strand board (OSB), sometimes called fiber board, is being used more and more in construction projects because its cost-to-strength ratio is lower than that of plywood and natural wood. OSB manufacturing requires multiple processing steps, many of which involve hydraulics.
First, logs are debarked, cut, and shredded into flakes. The flakes then are heated to remove moisture and conveyed to the next operation or to storage silos. The next operation blends the flakes with resins, and the composite mixture undergoes heating, pressing, forming, and curing operations. Finishedsheets are then cut to nominal-dimensions and conveyed to an area where they await shipping.
Because manufacturing of OSB requires pressurized hydraulic fluid in close proximity to heat sources, the potential for fire exists should leakage occur — almost always caused by a lack of proper maintenance. Potentially, though, even if good maintenance is practiced, a catastrophic failure could cause a fire. Therefore, using a fire-resistant hydraulic fluid generally is the most practical way of eliminating — or at least dramatically reducing — the potential for fire.
"Petroleum-based hydraulic fluids and extreme applications like OSB pressing do not mix," explained Tony Noblit, product manager, Fluid Power Div., Houghton International, Valley forge, Pa. "Hydraulic fluid may leak from the hydraulic presses that compress wood strands into OSB to pose an explosion risk because these presses create extreme heat and pressure. Houghton fire-resistant fluids eliminate this risk, protecting employees and property."
Noblit said Houghton is the only supplier of all types of water and anhydrous fire-resistant hydraulic fluids, including water glycols, high water content fluids, invert emulsions, polyol esters, phosphate esters,and vegetable oil-based fluids. He added Houghton's line of fireresistant hydraulic fluids provides superior performance and greater safety than petroleum-based fluids in high-pressure applications like OSB manufacturing.
Noblit pointed out that Houghton also has a line of fluids derived from a natural ester that are biodegradable and add virtually zero toxicity to the environment.
For more information, visit _URL_ or call _PHONE_.


text:
Xojo Dojo is a free and easy way to get started with programming on the Raspberry Pi. With Xojo Dojo you can use the Xojo programming language, along with a few other special commands to make simple Pi programs that can use text, graphics and GPIO.
Download Xojo Dojo to your Raspberry Pi and unzip it. Go to the XojoDojo folder and double-click the XojoDojo executable.
If the file is nor marked as an executable file, you may have to manually do this by right-clicking on it, and selecting "Properties". Switch to the Permissions tab and in the Access Control section make sure Executable is set to "Anyone". Click OK.
When Xojo Dojo starts it displays an empty window that is the code editor.
You can type some code to get started. For example, this simple code displays text:
Print "Hello, World!"
Type that code and click Run in the toolbar. Xojo Dojo will switch to the Text tab and you'll see the output "Hello, World!".
Xojo Dojo includes several sample projects to show you some of its commands and capabilities. To look at an example project, click Open in the File menu and go to the Scripts folder in the XojoDojo folder. These are the included examples:
- Bounce: A graphics demo that draws a ball that leaves a multi-colored trail as it bounces around the screen. Press the Stop button on the toolbar to stop the demo.
- Boxes: A graphics demo that draws 1000 multi-colored boxes of varying sizes on the screen.
- BubbleSort: An implemention of the Bubble Sort sorting algorithm.
- DiceRoll: Simulates the rolling of two dice a certain number of times and then tells you how often each dice total amount occurred.
- DragonSweep: A graphics demo that draws a fractal "dragon". Based on an IBM PCjr BASIC program from Compute! magazine in March 1986.
- GPIOAlarm: With a piezo speaker wired to your Pi using the GPIO, this program makes it sound like an alarm. View the wiring diagram.
- GPIOButtonLED: With a a button and LED wired to your Pi using the GPIO, this program lights the LED when the button is pressed. View the wiring diagram.
- GPIOLEDBlink: With an LED wired to your Pi using GPIO, this program makes the LED blink. View the wiring diagram.
- GPIOTune: With a piezo speaker wired to your Pi using the GPIO, this program plays a short tune. View the wiring diagram.
- GuessTheNumber: Try to guess a number picked by the program.
- HelloWorld: Simple display of text.
- LongLoop: A long-running loop that outputs text.
- MazePattern: Displays a text output that looks like a maze (but is not a maze). Based on a Commodore 64 BASIC program from 10 PRINT.
- Olympic: Draws the Olympic rings.
- ShowPicture: Prompts you to choose a picture on your drive and displays it.
- Sieve: Calculates the Sieve of Eratosthenes, popular benchmarking program in the 1980s.
- SineWave: Displays a text-based sine wave.
Xojo Dojo uses XojoScript and can thus use all the language commands that are part of Xojo. Xojo Dojo cannot use any of the Xojo frameworks.
Xojo Dojo has its own small set of custom commands it can use, which are described below.
Clears the Graphics output screen.
Clears the Text output screen.
Draws a line from position x1, y1 to position x2, y2.
Draws an oval at position x, y and using with w and height h. To draw a circle, make w and h the same.
Draw the picture at the specified path at position x, y.
Draws a rectangle at position x, y using width w and height h.
Draws a string s on the graphics screen at position x, y. Optionally specify a width and whether the string is condensed if it cannot fit.
The end of line character to use with strings.
Stops a timer started with StartTimer, returning the milliseconds of the elapsed time.
Draws a filled oval at position x, y and using with w and height h. To draw a circle, make w and h the same. Change the fill color using the ForeColor command.
Draws a filled rectangle rectangle at position x, y using width w and height h. Change the fill color using the ForeColor command.
Sets the color to use for drawing and fill commands.
Read a value from a GPIO pin.
Write a value to a GPIO pin.
Set a GPIO pin as either input or output.
Initialize GPIO. WiringPi library must be installed on the Pi.
Sets up tones for a pin.
Sends a tone to a pin.
Used with GPIO DigitalRead and DigitalWrite commands to indicate a pin is for input.
Used with GPIO DigitalRead and DigitalWrite commands to indicate a pin is off.
Used with GPIO DigitalRead and DigitalWrite commands to indicate a pin is on.
Used with GPIO DigitalRead and DigitalWrite commands to indicate a pin is for output.
Generates a random integer between startValue and endValue (inclusive).
Switches to the graphics output screen.
Starts a timer.
Returns True when the user has clicked the Stop button on the toolbar. Use it to end your programs that run in a long loop.
Pauses your program execution. The default is 10 milliseconds, but you can specify your own value.
If you want to make full-featured apps for the Raspberry Pi you can try the full version of Xojo. You can also check out the free book: Programming the Raspberry Pi with Xojo and the Raspberry Pi topic of the User Guide.


text:
Figure 6 of
Haque, Mol Vis 1999;
Figure 6. Effect of NDGA and 12(S)HETE on DNA synthesis following stimulation of human HLE-B3 cells with EGF
The HLE-B3 cells were deprived of serum for 48 h and then stimulated with EGF for 18 h. NDGA (30 µM) and/or 12(S)HETE (3 µM), when present, were added 40 min before the addition of growth factors. At the end of 18 h culture period, cells were pulse-labeled for 1 with 0.5 µCi 3H-thymidine. Results are the average of three measurements; error bars represent SEM.