Home > Uncategorized > Funds Transfer Pricing: How to Measure Branch Profitability
Funds Transfer Pricing: How to Measure Branch Profitability
Journal of Performance Management2006 by Kocakülâh, Mehmet C, Egler, Michael
One of the biggest measures of a bank's profitability is its net interest income. Net interest income is by far the largest driver of product profitability, typically accounting for up to 80 percent of a bank's revenue (Coffey, 2001).
Fund Transfer Pricing:
Next, each loan or deposit that the bank has is assigned a rate based upon this adjusted funding curve. The rate that is assigned to these customer relationships will vary based upon the characteristics of the relationship. One characteristic that will cause a rate to change is time to maturity. For instance, a 5 year fixed rate note will be assigned a different rate than a 5year variable rate note. Also, for loans, the longer the term is to maturity, the higher the rate to fund that loan. For example, as shown by the yield curve in Exhibit 1, a fixed rate loan with a 5-year maturity would have a funding rate charge of 3.87 percent, whereas, a fixed rate loan with a 10-year maturity would be somewhat higher under a normal funding curve. By the same principle, a deposit that has a longer maturity would be assigned a higher funding rate credit because the bank is guaranteed the use of these funds for a longer period of time.
Looking at the 5-year fixed rate loan in Exhibit 1, it has a coupon rate of 6.00 percent and, based on the adjusted Libor/Swap curve, it would be assigned an FTP rate that is 4.22; therefore, the FTP spread is 1.78. Or in other words, the rate the loan is bringing in to the bank is 1.78 percent higher than the funding rate would cost the bank.
Other unique characteristics of a loan will cause the rate assigned to it to vary. One such characteristic is a prepayment option on a loan. As shown in Exhibit 2, a prepayment option will change the average expected life of the loan. This is an assumption that is based on looking at historical trends in the bank. In this example, the average life of a 5-year fixed rate, prepayable loan with a coupon rate of 5.50 percent is determined to be 3.2 years. The Libor/Swap curve rate to fund this loan is 3.49 percent. The liquidity premium is.25 percent and an option premium of.55 percent is added for the prepayment option to come up with an FTP rate of 4.29. This would give an FTP spread of 1.21 percent.
Once all the data is input into the FTP system, management will have to decide how often the rates will be assigned. This may be done monthly, weekly or sooner depending on the capabilities of the system and the needs of management for decision making. Large amounts of data must be stored and many calculations must be made for an FTP system to provide useful information for management. In the past, the technological hardware and software used within banks were not of sufficient power or flexibility to handle the data volumes involved or provided the analytical capabilities demanded. Today, however, such technology is available, enabling the appropriate levels of contract-level detail handling and providing the ability to analyze data across any number of dimensions in ad hoc fashion (Convery,2003).
Using FTP to measure Branch Profitability:
Financial Institution's income statement is designed to calculate net-interest income for the entire organization. It is not designed to calculate the net-interest income of one product (Coffey2001). This is also true of calculating the net interest income of branches for comparative purposes. Branches within a bank are almost never the same in terms of loans and deposits. Some branches are heavy on the loan side, while others are heavy on the deposit side and still others are fairly evenly balanced. Determining the profitability of individual branches in a traditional accounting sense is extremely difficult. Looking at an income statement for a branch using a typical accounting analysis, interest collected from loan payments are shown as interest income and interest paid out on deposits are shown as interest expense. But this does not take into account that deposits have a positive value to the bank by providing cheap funding for its loan purposes. Conversely, it also does not take into account that a loan has an underlying funding cost associated with the process of making the loan. Therefore, using a typical income statement format, a branch that is heavy on the deposit side will look like it is losing money, while a branch that is heavy on the loan side will look like it is highly profitable. This can be shown in Exhibit 3, which looks at net interest income for two branches
As shown in Exhibit 3, from this example, the branch that is providing a lot of low cost funding for the rest of the bank's funding needs shows a loss on net interest income. At the same time, the branch that has a lot of loans but not as many deposits, and therefore, has to borrow excess deposits from other areas of the bank to fund these loans shows a high net interest income. What does this information show to management?
Would management think that Branch A is not profitable? Probably not, a bank's management knows that just because a branch has more interest expense because of a large volume of deposits, doesn't mean that it is unprofitable. These deposits are necessary for the funding needs of other areas of the bank. However, determining the true profitability of either bank is extremely difficult, and being able to compare either branch is next to impossible. This is where FTP becomes extremely useful. Using the FTP system will charge a cost of funds to all the loans that each branch has and will give a funding credit to all deposits that each branch has. This will help to determine the true profitability of each branch and will allow for comparisons between different branches. see exhibit 4 and 5.
Applying FTP rates to these two branches significantly changes the profitability picture of each compared to the traditional income statement approach. Branch A, which originally showed a net interest income loss of (25,589), now shows a profit of 20,829. This gives management an accurate picture of the actual value that Branch A, adds to the company. The low cost funds provided to the bank by Branch A is valuable to the bank by decreasing the wholesale funding that would be necessary otherwise. In comparison, Branch B, which originally showed a net interest income of 1,150,002, now shows a net interest income of 50,310. This is a substantial decrease in its net interest income. The branch now has to pay for the funds that it is using to make its loans.
Another way for management to look at the profitability of its branches is to look at the spread between the coupon rate and the FTP rate for each branch. This shows how well a branch is pricing its products. When looking at the spread between the coupon rate of an account and the FTP rate assigned to that account, the greater the spread, the more income per dollar, the account is providing to the bank. By frequently updating the assignment of FTP rates, management has a valuable tool to make pricing decisions for all its products.
Management can also use the spread as a comparison between branches. For instance, looking at Branches A and B in Exhibit 4 and 5, one can see how this can level the playing field between branches of different sizes. If one look at the dollar amounts for loans, for these branches, one would see that the interest income for loans for Branch A is $5,755 and the interest income for loans for Branch B is $33,870. There is a large difference between the two branches. However, this picture is somewhat distorted because Branch B is much larger that Branch A. A better way to compare the performance of the two branches would be to look at the spread on loans for each branch. Looking at the spread will factor out the loan volume and give a clearer picture of dollar for dollar how the two branches compare. Looking at the information in this manner, one can see that Branch A, actually brings in more income for each dollar of loans generated than Branch B, does. The loan spread for Branch A is 2.67 percent, while the loan spread for Branch B is somewhat lower at 1.84 percent. This means that for each loan dollar, Branch A generates 0.83 percent more income than Branch B.
One thing that management must be wary of when looking at the spread is economic factors in different areas that are beyond the control of the branch manager. For instance, Branch B may be in a location that has a number of competitive banks in its immediate region. To stay competitive and survive in this type of condition, the branch may be forced to earn a lower spread on its loans to bring in new business. So, although FTP allows for easier comparisons between different branches, as with all management tools, there are other factors that must be considered. Being able to factor out dollar volume and level the playing field between branches of difference sizes, FTP gives management a powerful tool for setting performance goals. By looking at the spread, management can make the volume portion a separate piece of compensation. In some compensation packages, the amount of additional compensation is only tied to the amount of loan volume produced for a given period. By using FTP spread as a part of the performance qualifications, upper management can help ensure that loans are being under priced to reach performance goals.
Funds transfer pricing is a powerful accounting tool available to management for profitability analysis. It allows management to make informed decisions on product pricing. It allows for profitability comparison and analysis among branches of various sizes. It also helps to level the playing field when looking at


Minolta's Early 35mm Rangefinders Gave Leica a Run For Its Money
The second model of the Minolta-35, launched in 1953.
All Photos © John Wade
But go back to the 1940s/1950s and you'll discover a prestigious range of Minolta 35mm rangefinder cameras that rivaled and, some would argue, bettered the Leicas of the time.
Quick pause for an explanation for those unfamiliar with rangefinder cameras. The term refers to a model whose viewfinder, or sometimes a separate eyepiece, incorporates a system of mirrors that interact as the lens is focused to identify the correct camera-to-subject distance, as an aid to accurate focusing in non-reflex cameras.
It was Leitz that popularized the style in a 35mm camera with the introduction of the Leica II in 1932. However, by 1947, when the first Minolta-35 camera was launched, the Leica IIIf was on the market.
Side by side, the first version of the Minolta-35 Model II and the Leica IIIf.
Model I And Model II
There were two basic models of the Minolta-35 rangefinder, and some variations within them. Apart from minor cosmetic changes, the variations in the Minolta Model I camera chiefly concerned the image size. Leica had previously set a standard of 24x36mm, which was followed by most 35mm camera manufacturers. But the Model I, progressing through six variations, began with a 24x32mm image, moved to 24x33mm and then on to 24x34mm. The company eventually adopted the more traditional 24x36mm format with the launch of the Model II in 1953, of which there were two versions with very minor cosmetic variations.
We are going to compare the first version of the Model II with its contemporary, the Leica IIIf. There were some manufacturers who unashamedly made complete Leica copies. The Minolta-35 was not a Leica copy as such, but it did show strong influences from its German rival.
The Minolta (above) and Leica (below) exhibit very similar top plates.
Minolta Vs. Leica
At 5.25 inches, the Minolta was the same length as the Leica, but stood a quarter of an inch higher. Comparing the top plates of the two cameras, you can see the obvious influences: film wind knobs, shutter releases, shutter speed dials, rangefinder housings, and rewind knobs were all in similar positions. The Minolta's shutter release, however, was raised slightly above the wind knob and speed dial on either side, making the camera easier to use than the Leica, whose release button fell below the height of the other controls.
The Leica won out on its top shutter speed of 1/1000 sec, against the Minolta's 1/500 sec. On both cameras, speeds from the fastest to the slowest practical for hand holding the camera were set on the top plate dial. Then,with that dial at its slowest setting, another knob on the front of the body was used to set slower speeds down to one full second.
On each camera, the speed dial revolved as the film was wound, and the speeds could not be accurately set until the film was fully wound and the dial reached its maximum rotation.
Film loading from the rear was easy with the Minolta, compared to the base loading of the Leica.
The Minolta beat the Leica in having a delayed action control right from the earliest model in 1947, which the Leica wouldn't see until a late version of the IIIf in 1954. The Minolta also had a longer rangefinder base (the distance between the two rangefinder windows), making it more accurate. The visual aspect of the rangefinder, which involved turning the focus control until two images coincided, was conveniently combined with the Minolta viewfinder; the Leica used separate windows for viewing and rangefinding.
The Leica had a collapsible lens that had to be pulled out at the end of a short tube before exposure, and if the photographer forgot to do that, the picture was ruined. The Minolta used a fixed lens that was always positioned ready for shooting.
The Minolta also beat the Leica for film loading. Right from the start, Leica had featured a system in which the film was threaded from the cassette to a take-up spool outside the camera, and then the two pushed up into the body by way of a removable base plate. The operation was fiddly at best and prone to problems if the film did not attach correctly to the take-up spool. By comparison, the Minolta simply used a back that swung open, which made loading the film far easier and much more conventional.
The Minolta with its 135mm telephoto lens and viewfinder fitted.
Identical Lens Mounts
Maybe the most important feature shared by the two cameras was the lens mounts, which were identical. The Minolta therefore accepted, and could be used with, then current Leica lenses, of which there was a large range, covering focal lengths from wide-angle to telephoto. The range of Rokkor lenses, made for the Minolta, was a lot more modest: 45mm f/2.8, 50mm f/2, 85mm f/2.8, 110mm f/5.6, and 135mm f/4.
When extra lenses were used on any rangefinder camera, they needed to be combined with separate accessory viewfinders. This was the case with both the Minolta and the Leica cameras. However, longer focal lengths, unavailable in Minolta's Rokkor range, were often likely to be used on the Leica with a Visoflex, an attachment that screwed into the body, incorporated an eye-level or waist-level viewfinder, and effectively turned the camera into a single lens reflex.
Using Leica lenses, the Visoflex could also be used on the Minolta, although, when screwed into place, it was fouled slightly by the delayed action lever and slow speed shutter dial. As this prevented the device from being screwed completely into the body it would have been okay for close-up work, but might have affected infinity focusing.
So who won out in the end—the German Leica, or the Japanese Minolta? The Minolta certainly won on price. In 1953, a Model II with an f/2.8 lens cost $150, against a Leica IIIf with an f/2 lens at $348. For some features and ease of use, the Minolta might also have had the edge. For lens range, the Leica won hands down. Then, there's the durability factor. Find a Leica IIIf today and there's a good chance the shutter is still working. A Minolta-35 with a working shutter today is a little less likely.
A Leica Visoflex with Leitz Telyt 20cm lens transforms the Minolta into a single lens reflex.
Expect to pay around $300 to $450 for a Minolta Model I, more for the earliest models, and $175 to $250 for a Model II.


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Download postscript and pdf versions of manual plus all FORTRAN programs.
Cover picture: Showing, for a horizontal applied field, the horizontal currents around a circular inclusion of conductivity 10, embedded in a matrix of conductivity one, computed using a finite difference program. The magnitude of the currents go from red = high to black = low.
This manual has been prepared to show some of the theory behind, and the practical details for using, various finite element and finite difference computer programs that have been developed for computing the effective linear properties of random materials whose microstructure has been stored in a 2-D or 3-D digital image. Thirteen different computer programs are described, including finite element conductivity and elastic programs, finite difference programs for D.C. and A.C. conductivity, finite element elastic programs that include thermal strains (eigenstrains), and three auxiliary programs for Gaussian quadrature and phase percolation. All the programs are written in FORTRAN 77, and operate on an arbitrary digital image that is read from a file. Arbitrary symmetric conductivity tensors and arbitrary elastic moduli tensors can be used in the finite element programs. In the finite difference programs, the conductivity tensors must be diagonal. Only linear elastic and linear electrical conductivity problems are considered. The programs can of course be extended to other problems that have a similar mathematical basis.

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An ETL import graph is build on logical dependencies of the jobs to each other. So typically a SQL transformation job depends on all the previous jobs that create the tables used in the query. But once there are a certain number of jobs, dependencies often get a bit more complicated and some of them become redundant in the process. A simple example can be seen in the dependency graph from figure, where the three red edges are redundant.
To speed up the ETL data pipeline, you should try to run jobs in parallel. Obviously, not all jobs can run at the same time in most cases, since there are dependency constraints between the jobs and limits of the servers capacity (number of processors and/or IO bandwidth). So assuming the server allows you to run n jobs in parallel, often there is the situation that the dependencies give you the option to run any of a set of m different jobs with m > n.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Composition and Functional Diversity in Bird Communities in a Protected Humid Coastal Savanna
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2015-04
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Hindawi Publishing Corperation
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Our current understanding of the vertebrate communities of a newly gazetted Tanzanian coastal national park is limited and strongly taxonomically biased towards large mammals. We conducted bird assessments in three sites in Saadani National Park using species lists to analyze some parameters to inform biodiversity conservation in the area. We recorded 3112 individuals in 268 species falling in 66 families, including 2 endangered, 2 vulnerable, and 6 near threatened species. Both species richness and species diversity varied between sites. Species relative abundances were not different between the sites although some functional groups, especially granivores, were more abundant than others. Bird assemblages included 21 forest specialists (FF-species), 35 forest generalists (F-species), and 68 forest visitors (f-species) overlapping among bushland, wooded grassland, grassland, and thickets suggesting presence of important microhabitats for the forest-associated species in this ecosystem. Bird species richness in a feeding guild also showed marked overlap between habitats suggesting availability of rich food resources for the birds. This paper highlights the importance of maintaining a structurally heterogeneous landscape to sustain diverse bird communities in the area.
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Bird communities, Bodiversity conservation, Saadan National Park, coastal forests
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Welcome to our world of fun trivia quizzes and quiz games:
Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika
"How much do you know about South Africa and its history?"
15 Points Per Correct Answer - No time limit
What is the national flower of South Africa?
The cactus flower
How many official languages does South Africa have?
South Africa is often referred to as The Rainbow Nation.
Which of the following famous people was not raised in South Africa?
Sir Nigel Hawthorne
Richard E. Grant
Until 1990, South Africa was governed under a racist system of politics which mendaciously supported 'separate but equal development', and which was actively campaigned against by the A.N.C. (African National Congress). What was this system called?
Who was the President of South Africa from 1999 to 2004?
Patricia de Lille
In 1984 a delightful South African film, written, directed and produced by Jamie Uys, became the highest-grossing foreign film in America (although it was made in 1980). What was the delightful film called?
The Gods Must Be Crazy
The Ancestors Have Really Lost It This Time
The Road to Mecca
At least four South Africans have won Nobel Prizes over the last few decades. Which of the following isn't one of them?
F.W. de Klerk
Archbishop Desmond Tutu
Which significant event in Struggle (against Apartheid) history occurred in March of 1960?
The Soweto Youth Riots
The Rivonia Treason Trial of Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu et al
The Great Trek
The Sharpeville Massacre
Which is not a standard form of greeting in South Africa?
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Supersimplify Poems | Examples of Supersimplify Poetry
Supersimplify Poems. Below are examples of poems about supersimplify. This list of poetry about supersimplify is made of PoetrySoup member poems. Read short, long, best, famous, and modern examples of supersimplify poetry. This list of works about supersimplify is a great resource for examples of supersimplify poems and show how to write poems about supersimplify. Definitions may be included where appropriate.
New Supersimplify Poems


7 Problems Seafarers Can Face While Traveling to Foreign Land
If you are a maritime professional or planning to become one, then sooner or later you will have to get used to traveling – an integral part of the shipping profession. Frequent traveling from one country to another to reach destination ports and ships makes lives of maritime professionals physically and mentally stressing. Moreover visiting new countries having different rules, customs, and traditions means dealing with a new set of laws every time.
We all have heard about horrifying stories of seafarers while they were traveling to new countries to join ships. One of the main reasons for such accidents is lack of common sense and inability to take some basic precautions.
The fact is most of these problems can be solved by being a bit aware of the situation you can get into while traveling in foreign lands. Learn about seven common problems seafarers can face while traveling to foreign lands.
Note: Before commencing your journey, ensure that you have checked your shipping contract, appointment letter and " OK to Board" letter properly. The contact number of local officer personnel, foreign agents, and other important people will be issued by the company few days before joining the ship. Make sure that you note them down properly and keep them with you all the time.
1. Loss of important documents
Losing important documents in a foreign land can be extremely scary. When you are moving outside your native country, official documents are your only identity. It is therefore important to take all necessary precautions to not only avoid loosing them but also to act without panic by keeping a backup with a set of photocopies in case you do lose them. While making sets of photocopies of documents, always keep one pair with your luggage bag and another back at your home. If you are a tech-savvy person (and we wish you are) then you can also scan the documents and put them in your smartphones, tablets, laptops and other electronic gadgets. You can also keep them in a "cloud system" or "google drive" so that they are available from anywhere. There are several apps (both android and iphone) available, which you can take help of, to manage and save your important documents.
In case you lose your documents in foreign land, inform your agent immediately and also file a complain with the local police department. You might also be required to contact your country's embassy in certain situations.
2. Missing of flights
In order to reach their respective ships or while returning to their home land, seafarers are required to take several connecting flights. Though a good transit time is always provided between the two flights, there have been several cases wherein seafarers have missed their flights because of certain reasons.
In case you miss your flight, immediately approach the airport administration and ask until what time you can stay at the airport. This is because some airports require transit visas after staying for a certain period of time at the airport. Contact your local office personnel of your country to explain them the situation and informing about the transit visas, if required. Most of the time, the officer personnel will be able to arrange an alternative flight or a return flight in case ongoing flights are not available.
3. Luggage stolen or lost
Cases of luggage getting stolen or lost is a common occurrence that can happen with anyone. In case your luggage is stolen/lost, file a complain with the airline and provide details of your foreign agent and shipping office. In case your luggage is found it will be delivered to the agent, who will then hand it over to you. Also, don't forget to claim "stolen luggage" allowance once you are back on ship. For such unforeseen incidents, always keep a set of clothes in your handbag. You will be needing a fresh pair them until your luggage arrives.
4. Security check problem
Problems during security check at airports are increasing every year. There have been cases registered wherein seafarers were detained and and even jailed for not following the local laws. Visiting new countries means dealing with new laws and cultures. If is very common for seafarer to be not aware of the local laws while visiting or transiting new countries. This often land them in trouble.
As a matter of precaution, ensure that you check the laws of the country you are visiting in order to avoid any kind of trouble (Ask your company/agent). For e.g. Hong Kong does not allow to carry taser or stun guns, even in check-in luggage. Similarly, dubai does not allow carriage of poppy seeds. There have been cases when people have been jailed for long term when found with its possession.
Note: If your transit time is less and the security check is crowded, request the security personnel for a quicker access as you may miss to join your ship. However, never show aggression or anger and always cooperate with the security officers even when you are in hurry. (As being restless and aggressive can lead to further delay because of interrogation, thorough checking etc.
5. No agent to pick you up at airport
There will be times when you reach your destination on time but there is no agent to pick you up or are required to wait for him. In such cases, just wait for the agent before taking any steps. Don't panic and take a taxi for your destination. 99% of the time the agent will come to pick you up. However, if no one comes to pick you up, call the agent using the contacts you have been provided by the company. Still if you don't receive no response, call your local office personnel and explain them about the situation. They will arrange a replacement for your agent to pick you up.
Note: Don't leave the airport premises at any cost. It is always the most secured place in a new country.
6. Immigration problem
The most common problems that are faced during immigration checks are errors in joining, appointment, and "ok to board" letters. Don't forget to check these documents thoroughly once you are assigned with them. Always keep your seafarer's documents and passport in good condition as some immigration authorities can create problem if the passport is torn or is stapled or pasted with company sticker.
Note: Always ask you company not to staple or paste any kind of document with your passport.
7. Accidents or injury
These are rare cases but they do occur. Injury or accidents in foreign land can lead to unfortunate situations wherein the authority is not able to identify the victim. Always keep an identity card or a photocopy of the same in your pocket while traveling. Also, note down all the important contact numbers on a piece of paper or diary, along with your name and company details so that the country's authorities are able to identify you and your purpose of visiting the country in case you are unconscious and not in a condition to talk.
Author: Raunek Kantharia, Marine Insight - _URL_
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How The Fugitive Slave Act Ignited A 'Struggle For America's Soul'
JMC faculty partner Andrew Delbanco joined Terry Gross to discuss the complicated and important history of fugitive slave laws and constitutional protections of slavery on NPR's Fresh Air.
Delbanco argues that the 1850 Fugitive Slave Act paved the way for the Civil War by endangering the lives of both escaped slaves and free black men and women in the North. He also provides a concise and lucid overview of the political and constitutional history of slavery from the Founding to the Civil War.
Professor Delbanco's interview drew from his new book, The War Before the War:
Fugitive Slaves and the Struggle for America's Soul from the Revolution to the Civil War, which was released today (November 6, 2018) by Penguin Press.
Andrew Delbanco, winner of the Great Teacher Award from the Society of Columbia Graduates, is the author of College: What it Was, Is, and Should Be (2012), Melville: His World and Work (2005), The Death of Satan (1995), Required Reading: Why Our American Classics Matter Now (1997), The Real American Dream (1999), and The Puritan Ordeal(1989), among other books. His work has been translated into several languages, including German, Spanish, Korean, Russian, and Chinese.
Professor Delbanco's essays appear regularly in The New York Review of Books and other journals, on topics ranging from American literary and religious history to contemporary issues in higher education. In 2001, he was named by Time Magazine as "America's Best Social Critic" and elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is also an elected member of the American Philosophical Society, a trustee of the Teagle Foundation, the Library of America, and trustee emeritus of the National Humanities Center.
In February 2012, President Barack Obama presented Professor Delbanco with the National Humanities Medal for his writings on higher education and the place classic authors hold in history and contemporary life.
Want to help the Jack Miller Center transform higher education? Donate today.


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One of the most useful colors in an artist's palette is one of the last colors anyone else would think. Only its spooky name would incline your attention towards it. Caput mortuum, which means dead head or death head, is made of haematite–iron oxide (in fact there are several extremely similar colors made of the same pigment but with slightly different hues and names–particularly mars violet and Indian red—but we will stick to talking about caput mortuum because that's the variation I use). This unpromising rust color possesses a protean mutability–it could be red, brown, orange, or violet depending on the context. Although it can stand on its own as a focus of attention, caput mortuum is very easy to paint into a network of subtle shadows: many painters use it for shadowed flesh or as land cast in darkness (after all a person's flesh and the red clay of a landscape both take their ruddiness from iron).
Though not a flashy color, caput mortuum has a dignity and a beauty to it. In the middle ages and Renaissance, painters used it to paint the robes and clothing of eminent monastic religious figures and of patrons & donors (ie the people actually paying for the painting). Oftentimes when looking at a religious painting, a viewer will notice that Jesus, Mary, and Saint Peter–resplendent in gold, white, blue, and red—are joined by an unknown pair of merchants wearing caput mortuum. These two often have the most realistic and beautifully painted faces in the painting–it is difficult to say what Jesus really looked like but even the most money grubbing burgher knows his own face!
Although there is something somber about the deep color of caput mortuum, its name does not come from an obvious association with blood and corpses. In addition to meaning "dead head" the Latin phrase also means "worthless remains" and it was used by alchemists to describe the inert residue left over from a chemical reaction. Apparently this by-product was often a rusty violet color. Alchemists used a (very) stylized skull to denote the oxidized left-overs.
However it's more evocative to imagine the pigment being named after a death's head. The concept lends art a much needed touch of operatic dark magic.


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BMCC Respiratory Pigment Capable of Reversible Oxygen Binding Discussion
help answer questions answers should be detailed
a) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of a respiratory pigment with relatively low O2 affinity in terms of its loading and unloading gas properties.
b) A fish swims from a body of cool water into a body of warm water. As its body temperature rises, its rate of O2consumption increases. The warm water, however is likely to have a lower concentration of dissolved O2 than the cool water because the solubility of O2 in water decreases as temperature increases. These two factors taken together, an increase in the fish's rate of O2 consumption and a decrease in the dissolved O2 concentration of its environmental water, can make it difficult for the fish to obtain enough O2 to meet its needs. The two factors can act as a two-pronged trap. Actually, however, the fish may face a three-pronged trap. How is the increase in temperature likely to affect the O2 affinity of the fish's hemoglobin, and how could the effect on hemoglobin add even further to the challenge the fish faces? Does global warming pose concerns of this sort?
c) To study the chemical properties of the blood hemoglobin of a vertebrate, it might seem convenient to remove the hemoglobin from the red blood cells so that hemoglobin is in simple aqueous solution. However, removing the hemoglobin from red blood cells often promptly alters its O2-binding characteristics. Explain why?


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How to Prep Vegetables with a Food Processor
While we definitely think that home cooks should develop their knife skills, we can all use a little assist in the ingredient prep stage of a recipe, especially when we have to chop, dice, slice, and/or shred our way through a laundry list of components.
The detailed lineup of ingredients in many vegetable-centric main dishes can make these recipes seem intimidating, and often different vegetables need to be prepared in different ways. Luckily, a good food processor permits you to put down your knives (and your mandoline and your grater)—the food processor will act as your prep cook. You'll get more uniform results while saving time, energy, and your sanity.
Here are a few tricks we've discovered for making vegetable (and other ingredient) prep easier in the food processor:
1. The Slicing Disk Is Your Best Friend
Some food processors have adjustable blades so you can change the thickness of the slices. You can also purchase smaller or larger slicing disks for most models. The way you feed ingredients into the processor affects the slices, so pay attention to the orientation of the ingredient in the feed tube. Slicing works best with firm ingredients, so we prefer tightly packed greens, like the heart of romaine (see below). You can also roll greens like kale to create a tightly packed bundle for slicing.
Slicing Romaine with food processor
2. Choose the Right Feed Tube
Many food processors come with a small and large feed tube. Choosing the appropriate size for your ingredients will help you pack them tightly; you'll get cleaner, more consistent results if they don't have room to move around. Whole potatoes, onions, and big pieces like wedges of cabbage benefit from the larger tube, while smaller amounts of narrower carrots, zucchini, and celery work best in the smaller one.
3. When In Doubt, Underprocess
Our best advice for chopping in the processor is to err on the side of underprocessing—you can always give the ingredients another pulse to chop them more finely, but you can't go back. For this precise reason, we tend to use the pulse function instead of the processing function when chopping, grinding, or mincing ingredients in the food processor. Pulsing food offers more control than processing it; the food is chopped more evenly because the ingredients are redistributed—akin to stirring—with every pulse. This allows you more control over the final texture, as with something like Cauliflower Rice.
Processing cauliflower in the food processor
4. Trim the Ingredients and Use Steady Pressure
Depending on the size of your ingredient, you may need to do some trimming before placing it in the feed tube. Use steady pressure when pushing food through the tube into the blades. If you're slicing several different ingredients that will ultimately be combined, you can even put them all into the feed tube together.
5. Shredding Disk Easy Cleaning
The shredding disk can shred all kinds of ingredients into small, even pieces. You can power through pounds of potatoes and other firm ingredients (like carrots) in just seconds. To make cleanup easier, spray the feed tube, disk, and workbowl with a light coating of vegetable oil spray before you begin to keep the ingredients from gumming up the shredding disk.


Tag: beauty
Beauty
How Jaw Structure Affects Your Appearance
Innumerable factors impact the appearance of the face. Genetics influence different aspects, including nose shape, the angles of the jaw and forehead, eye color, plumpness of cheeks and skin tone. Age plays a critical role in the shaping of the jaws as well, as do environmental factors such as chewing […]


Help Center>Studio (Foundation)
Create a script to query SAP
Creating a Query script is a five-step process.
choose define map submit approve run process
 1. Choose fields by using tables, InfoSets, or logical databases. Or, if you are more familiar with transactions in SAP, you can create a query from a transaction recording.
 file new query
 2. Specify criteria.
 3. Map the script's fields to a data file.
 4. Submit the script for approval.
 5. Run the script to download the data from SAP.
These topics walk you step-by-step through the basic end-to-end process of building and running a query.
For information on more advanced features, see the best practices or click the links at the end of a topic.
Winshuttle Function Module is required for multiple-table queries on systems that are running Winshuttle SAP Integration Server v11.x.
The number of tables that you can add to a query is specified in the Foundation site's settings. If you are not able to add all the tables that you need, contact your Foundation site manager or consider using an InfoSet or a logical database (LDB).
Approving your own queries
If you have a developer role, and if self-approval is enabled by the administrator, you can run files on a nonproduction server without submitting them for approval.
If your Foundation administrator removes the approval requirement, all queries can be created and run without first being approved.


Topics Search
Allow only 4 digits in field
Allow only 4 digits in field
Views: 120
I need to limit a field on a form, to allow the user to enter time in 24 hour format. But I need to set it to only allow 4 digits, including beginning with zeros. When I use something like Like "####", it doesnt allow leading zeros. Anybody know how this can be done
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Query that splits digits into 2 seperate fields
I use access 2007 and need to run query that extracts data from a field which has 10 digits(numbers) in it but the first digits(numbers) mean something different from the next 2 digits(numbers). Does anyone how to run a query that would extract those 4 digits(numbers) from the that field and put them into 2 seperate fields which for now I will call field "A" and field "B
If field is < 4 digits add 0's
Display only the last four digits of identification numbers
I know how to get excel to show only the last four digits of ID numbers. At first I thought I can just import the excel file with the last four digits and hide the column with the full ID numbers but all got imported to Access. If I am stuck with this, how do I get Access field to display only the last 4 digits? I do not want to show "***-**-****", just the last 4 digits only.
In excel I would use the RIGHT function, "=RIGHT(A1,4)." Can I do this type of function, "=RIGHT([field name],4)?
Integer-Based Data Types
A number is a digit (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9), a combination of digits, or a combination of one or more digits, a separator, and one or more digits. Microsoft Access supports three categories of numbers and there are various ways you can apply one to a field. You can work in either the Datasheet View or the Design View of a Table.
On database open check field for blanks and extract last 4 digits from other field?
new question.
I want to make the database (a simple table) loop through every record in the field "Last4SSno" and extract the last 4 digits from "SSno" if the "Last4SSno" field is blank, or if the 4 digits in Last4SSno does not match the last 4 digits of "SSno". I have google searched for hours, but I cannot even think of how to phrase a google query right now, and I'm getting a little fried on the idea. I would prefer to do this on database open, but if it has to be done some other way, that is acceptable as well, I'm just adept enough to modify the code to my own uses, it's just the *Private sub OnDBOpen* part and the *DoCMD.RunSQL Insert * in Last4SSno Right("SSno", 4) where "Last4SSno" isnull* part that I cannot seem to find help on(I think).
I could have the whole problem backwards, I just don't know anymore.
Using Data Types
A number is a digit (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9), a combination of digits, or a combination of one or more digits, a separator, and one or more digits. Microsoft Access provides three techniques or categories of numbers. These should be applied appropriately to make your database as effective as possible. To specify that a column will contain only numeric values, after displaying the table in Design View and selecting the column under Field Name, set its Data Type to Number, Currency, or AutoNumber.
ADD "0" TO the number
I am stuck here for a while and I hope you help me. I have failry large table called NANCAP in a database in where I upload large Excel spreadsheets. There is a filed called code and it can be one digit such as 1,2,3,and so on, and it can be two digits 22,23,50,78 and three digits 100,105. There is not problem with three digits code, but I need two 0's to be added to one and one "0" to be added to two digits code to make like this 003,009,025,050. The code uploaded like this :2,3,50,100,105.I am trying to do that by using the update query, however I can not fugure out how to put this into query that Access will see where one "0" or two "00" to be added to the filed based on number of digits in the field
Validation rule for account number field
I have a salary table with the one of the field as the Account number. I need to enter the account number in the following format
First four digits are numbers
then a special character | -
then six digits are numbers
then a special character -
and the last three digits can be either 101 or 102
example 1234-567890-101
I have set the data type as text for the account number fields.
Delimit a field within an Access table
New to the forum as a poster, but I've used it a bunch in the past to answer questions. Here is my issue:
I have a field of varying length and format. I want to update a separate field to be everything to the right of a forward slash "/" Can anyone help me with this? We'll call the field "Text ID" and an example of the contents would be "SDI 22532993/130". Also, the number of digits to the right of the "/" varies between 1 and 5 digits.
Changing existing data using an input mask
I have imported data from an excel spreadsheet and there is one field that needs to be 7 digits long. However, when entered they have omitted all the leading zeros. In other words the data says 214 and I need it to say _PHONE_. Is there a way I can update this field to make all entries 7 digits by adding the preceding zeros?


<< " (from maximum of " << maxit << " iterations)." << std::endl;
 }
for output like
 Converged after 11 (from maximum of 20 iterations).
*/
//] [/root_finding_noderiv_2]
// Cube root with 1st derivative (slope)
/*
We now solve the same problem, but using more information about the function,
to show how this can speed up finding the best estimate of the root.
For the root function, the 1st differential (the slope of the tangent to a curve at any point) is known.
If you need some reminders then
[@_URL_ Derivatives of elementary functions]
may help.
Using the rule that the derivative of ['x[super n]] for positive n (actually all nonzero n) is ['n x[super n-1]],
allows us to get the 1st differential as ['3x[super 2]].
To see how this extra information is used to find a root, view
[@_URL_ Newton-Raphson iterations]
and the [@_URL_ animation].
We need to define a different functor 'cbrt_functor_deriv' that returns
both the evaluation of the function to solve, along with its first derivative:
To \'return\' two values, we use a 'std::pair' of floating-point values
(though we could equally have used a std::tuple):
*/
//[root_finding_1_deriv_1
template <class T>
struct cbrt_functor_deriv
{ // Functor also returning 1st derivative.
 cbrt_functor_deriv(T const& to_find_root_of) : a(to_find_root_of)
 { // Constructor stores value a to find root of,
 // for example: calling cbrt_functor_deriv<T>(a) to use to get cube root of a.
 }
 std::pair<T, T> operator()(T const& x)
 {
 // Return both f(x) and f'(x).
 T fx = x*x*x - a; // Difference (estimate x^3 - value).
 T dx = 3 * x*x; // 1st derivative = 3x^2.
 return std::make_pair(fx, dx); // 'return' both fx and dx.
 }
private:
 T a; // Store value to be 'cube_rooted'.
};
/*'Our cube root function is now:*/
template <class T>
T cbrt_deriv(T x)
{
 // return cube root of x using 1st derivative and Newton_Raphson.
 using namespace boost::math::tools;
 int exponent;
 frexp(x, &exponent); // Get exponent of z (ignore mantissa).
 T guess = ldexp(1., exponent/3); // Rough guess is to divide the exponent by three.
 T min = ldexp(0.5, exponent/3); // Minimum possible value is half our guess.
 T max = ldexp(2., exponent/3); // Maximum possible value is twice our guess.
 const int digits = std::numeric_limits<T>::digits; // Maximum possible binary digits accuracy for type T.
 int get_digits = static_cast<int>(digits * 0.6); // Accuracy doubles with each step, so stop when we have
 // just over half the digits correct.
 const std::uintmax_t maxit = 20;
 std::uintmax_t it = maxit;
 T result = newton_raphson_iterate(cbrt_functor_deriv<T>(x), guess, min, max, get_digits, it);
 return result;
}
//] [/root_finding_1_deriv_1]
/*
[h3:cbrt_2_derivatives Cube root with 1st & 2nd derivative (slope & curvature)]
Finally we define yet another functor 'cbrt_functor_2deriv' that returns
both the evaluation of the function to solve,
along with its first *and second* derivatives:
__spaces[''f](x) = 6x
To \'return\' three values, we use a 'tuple' of three floating-point values:
*/
//[root_finding_2deriv_1
template <class T>
struct cbrt_functor_2deriv
{
 // Functor returning both 1st and 2nd derivatives.
 cbrt_functor_2deriv(T const& to_find_root_of) : a(to_find_root_of)
 { // Constructor stores value a to find root of, for example:
 // calling cbrt_functor_2deriv<T>(x) to get cube root of x,
 }
 std::tuple<T, T, T> operator()(T const& x)
 {
 // Return both f(x) and f'(x) and f''(x).
 T fx = x*x*x - a; // Difference (estimate x^3 - value).
 T dx = 3 * x*x; // 1st derivative = 3x^2.
 T d2x = 6 * x; // 2nd derivative = 6x.
 return std::make_tuple(fx, dx, d2x); // 'return' fx, dx and d2x.
 }
private:
 T a; // to be 'cube_rooted'.
};
/*'Our cube root function is now:*/
template <class T>
T cbrt_2deriv(T x)
{
 // return cube root of x using 1st and 2nd derivatives and Halley.
 //using namespace std; // Help ADL of std functions.
 using namespace boost::math::tools;
 int exponent;
 frexp(x, &exponent); // Get exponent of z (ignore mantissa).
 T guess = ldexp(1., exponent/3); // Rough guess is to divide the exponent by three.
 T min = ldexp(0.5, exponent/3); // Minimum possible value is half our guess.
 T max = ldexp(2., exponent/3); // Maximum possible value is twice our guess.
 const int digits = std::numeric_limits<T>::digits; // Maximum possible binary digits accuracy for type T.
 // digits used to control how accurate to try to make the result.
 int get_digits = static_cast<int>(digits * 0.4); // Accuracy triples with each step, so stop when just
 // over one third of the digits are correct.
 std::uintmax_t maxit = 20;
 T result = halley_iterate(cbrt_functor_2deriv<T>(x), guess, min, max, get_digits, maxit);
 return result;
}
//] [/root_finding_2deriv_1]
//[root_finding_2deriv_lambda
template <class T>
T cbrt_2deriv_lambda(T x)
{
 // return cube root of x using 1st and 2nd derivatives and Halley.
 //using namespace std; // Help ADL of std functions.
 using namespace boost::math::tools;
 int exponent;
 frexp(x, &exponent); // Get exponent of z (ignore mantissa).
 T guess = ldexp(1., exponent / 3); // Rough guess is to divide the exponent by three.
 T min = ldexp(0.5, exponent / 3); // Minimum possible value is half our guess.
 T max = ldexp(2., exponent / 3); // Maximum possible value is twice our guess.
 const int digits = std::numeric_limits<T>::digits; // Maximum possible binary digits accuracy for type T.
 // digits used to control how accurate to try to make the result.
 int get_digits = static_cast<int>(digits * 0.4); // Accuracy triples with each step, so stop when just
 // over one third of the digits are correct.
 std::uintmax_t maxit = 20;
 T result = halley_iterate(
 // lambda function:
 [x](const T& g){ return std::make_tuple(g * g * g - x, 3 * g * g, 6 * g); },
 guess, min, max, get_digits, maxit);
 return result;
}
//] [/root_finding_2deriv_lambda]
/*
[h3 Fifth-


Output Power
Similar Terms: Transmit Power, pp, rms, RMS, PP, Power Output, PTP, P-T-P, peak to peak
Output power, or Transmit Power, is measured either as peak to peak (pp) or Root Mean Squared.
(PP is also a shorter term for polypropylene).

Peak to Peak (pp) is far less accurate than rms. We make the analogy of pp like being the maximum speed shown on a car speedo, achieveable only on a good day, down hill with a tail wind. In other words occassional if you are lucky.

Root Mean Squared (rms) is day in day out average continuous power. When comparing power outputs, you must compare like with like; because P-T-P numbers are 8 times higher than rms numbers.

In fishfinders/sonars, the power output is the amount of sound energy emitted into the water by the Transmitter.

Higher power output allows a higher penetration of Sonar signal through weeds and Thermoclines, reaching greater depths and allowing better operation in noisy environments. However, the traditional [autolinksExclude=way] of thinking was that higher power output meant a better Fishfinder, but with the introduction of Broadband transmitters using power more efficiently and alternating and spectrum scanning, the equation is no longer that simple because too much can be a disadvantage in very shallow water as with stronger signals comes more Noise.

Some brands such as Lowrance & Simrad have redefined Output Power as being the [autolinksExclude=sole] determinate of good performance. Their broad band technology uses less power more efficiently & reduces the background Noise, enabling small Fish to be seen at a deeper depth.

Output Power

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text:
Towny war is activated by our chief, KaizenWorlds, there is a 30-second countdown and then War begins.
During war Nations fight each other. Towns without a nation are not included, cannot score points.
Nations can also pay a daily Neutrality cost to avoid taking part in a war. The cost of neutrality is 100 dollars from its nationbank each 'Towny Day'.
Useful during war is the '/towny war hud' which will make a scoreboard appear for the player, which details points and properties of the townblock they are standing in.
While war is in effect, each competing town has a health points property attached to it. Normal townblocks have an HP of 60 while Home Blocks have 120 points by default. A townblock loses HP by enemy-nation residents standing within the townblock. When a townblock has lost all HP and fallen the town which the attacker belongs to gains one townblock and points to their War Score.
When a townblock is under attack, fireworks appear above. Red for damage, red creeperhead for a won townblock, and green when a townblock is being healed by a defender.
Only townblocks on the edge of the wilderness can be attacked first.
A Town can be knocked out of a war when their Home Block falls or if their Mayor is killed. A Nation can be knocked out of a war if its capital city is knocked out of the war, or if the King is killed.
Points in war given for the following:
- A enemy killed: 1
- A townblock stolen: 1
- A town knocked out of the war: 10
- A nation knocked out of the war: 100
- Towny war ends when there is only one nation who's Home Block has not been conquered or when the admin toggles war off. Although the townblocks are restored at the end of war, the damage from any griefing is permanent.


text:
The current City Hall building at 120 N. Duke St. certainly looks the part – it's an imposing, historic-looking building that just exudes importance.
But there's another City Hall building you can explore in Lancaster, and that one has even more history under its belt.
If you head to Penn Square, it's hard to miss the Lancaster Visitors Center, located on the opposite corner from the Marriott hotel.
It's a modest three-and-a-half-story brick building in the Federal style of architecture that was popular in the early days of the United States – from about 1780 to 1830.
That building, constructed between 1795 and 1797, was the former Lancaster City Hall.
Over the years, it also held a post office, a library, a Masonic lodge and – most impressively – the offices of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania when Lancaster was the capital of the state from 1799 to 1812.
In the early 20th century, the building fell into disrepair and needed to be restored in 1924.
Beginning in 1974, the building housed the Heritage Center Museum until it closed its doors in 2011, due to declining donations and the loss of state funding. Since then, it has served as the city's visitors center.
And what about the big building on Duke Street? You know, the one that serves as City Hall now?
Well, that building has a little story of its own.
Constructed in 1892 by Philadelphia architect James Windrim, the building served as Lancaster's post office from its opening until 1932, at which time it was redesigned and converted to the new City Hall.
That project was one of the first local examples of adaptive reuse, a concept common in downtown Lancaster today. And the redesign was led by one of the most famous names in Lancaster's architectural history – the ubiquitous C. Emlen Urban.
Sources: LNP archives, LancasterOnline, LancasterHistory.org


Moment problems and their applications to the stability of queueing models
George Anastassiou, Svetlozar T. Rachev
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
3 Scopus citations
Abstract
This paper deals with the following question: "Will the proposed deterministic queueing model yield a satisfactory approximation to the real queueing system under consideration and if so, within which limits?" At first, we analyze the degree of approximation of the random real model by a deterministic one. This is achieved by estimating the Prokhorov distance between the output sequences of both models. The right-hand sides of the obtained estimates depend on the Prokhorov or Ky Fan distances between the inputs of the underlined models. To estimate the latter distances we evaluate the Ky Fan radius of a set of probability measures satisfying basic moment conditions involving linear combinations of {t,t2} or {cos t, sin t}. In particular, the last results lead to quantitative criteria for the weak convergence of probability measures to a point mass.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)229-246
Number of pages18
JournalComputers and Mathematics with Applications
Volume24
Issue number8-9
DOIs
StatePublished - 1992
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text:
A relay-based on/off controller on the other hand can be very efficient. A typical relay has a contact resistance of 3 milliOhm. At 20A, this translates to a voltage drop of 0.06 volts, with a power loss of 1.2W. The relay itself typically consumes around 0.4W. And, by using a double throw relay, one gets a brake for free.
There are two main problems with a relay-based on/off controller. One is that there is no control over motor speed; it's either off or it's at full throttle. Such a controller is best suited to electric gliders, which for their size, typically h


Tonnes of 'ugly' produce sold as supermarkets relax rules
 - 3 December 2012
 - From the section Politics
Misshapen potato
Almost 300,000 tonnes of misshapen fruit and vegetables have made it into shops this year, according to the National Farmers Union (NFU).
The NFU says bad weather has led to supermarkets relaxing the normal strict rules around the appearance of produce that makes it onto shelves.
The European Union changed rules around misshapen produce in 2009.
The NFU says the amount of imperfect fruit and vegetables sold this year would fill 2,500 jumbo jets.
'Wasted fruit'
The organisation's chief horticulture and potato adviser Hayley Campbell-Gibbons said: "Nobody wants consumers to compromise on quality, but just because a carrot is bent, it's perfectly useable, can offer great value and reduces wastage in the food chain.
"Let's hope that retailers carry on with this sensible approach to sourcing so that more of the food we produce in Britain can actually make it onto the shelf."
There were warnings earlier in the year about a poor harvest after storms, frost and heavy rain left many crops struggling to grow properly.
Fruit farmers were particularly badly hit with some growers losing up to 65% of their crop.
Ali Capper, from Worcestershire, said she had benefitted from changes applied to apple colour and skin finish.
"It's reassuring that retailers have recognised what a challenging year it has been for growing tree fruit throughout Europe," she said.
"Supply is very short so a sensible approach to specifications that allows more perfectly edible fruit through supermarket doors is welcomed.
"This more relaxed approach could be extended into future years to ensure that the minimum amount of fruit is wasted at farm level."
Supermarket produce appearance rules could return next year.
Strict standards also remain in place across the EU for 10 of the most popular types of fruit and vegetables including apples, lettuces, strawberries and tomatoes although stores can choose to label them.
Standards for 26 other types of produce were scrapped in July 2009.
Have your say on Newsbeat's Facebook page
Matt says: "Supermarkets are a business, the majority of shoppers wouldn't buy that potato. So as a "business" it's really wise to buy veg they can't guarantee they can sell?"
Heather says: "Finally! It's about time they stopped throwing this stuff away just because it doesn't look pretty."
Adam says: "You would be surprised the number of picky people who won't buy something because of its look. I used to work in a supermarket and you see so much perfectly fine food getting passed over."
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text:
Ganesh Mantra To Remove Obstacles
Ganesh Mantra To Remove Obstacles, Life is full of challenges. To enjoy the fruits of joy you have to face the obstacles. Obstacles are part and parcel of your life.
They seem good especially when they improve your strength, ability and will power. You realize this fact later when you have conquered the obstacle.
Without obstacles life is incomplete. When you get things done smoothly without much effort, you will stop giving your best.
As a result, you would stop improving, and your progress in life would be stuck at a point. Therefore to face obstacles in life is a part of the improvement process.
When you face obstacles and defeat them the better of you comes out. When obstacles come naturally and are not triggered, it's good to have them.
Ganesh Mantra To Remove Obstacles In Love Life
However, that is not the case all the times. People around us create obstacles in our path as well. These are triggered obstacles that trouble you the most. You can handle natural obstacles as they are not frequent and are not high scale ones.
Conversely, the triggered obstacles are quite destructive and intense. Compared to natural obstacles triggered one are frequent. Furthermore, these obstacles start to affect you physically, mentally and emotionally.
As a result of which peace and prosperity from your life are diminished. You start feeling low and depress and consider yourself worthless. Besides that, there is a feeling of being trapped in a web of obstacles.
There can be many examples of such triggered obstacles in your daily life. Say, for instance:
Ganesh Mantra To Remove Obstacles In Marriage
- Any Obstacles in the path of love marriage
- Hindrance in the way of promotion
- Blockades in the form of growth
- Obstacles that affect your family
Generally, you consider them as natural obstacles in the first place. However, when their frequency and intensity increases then only you feel uneasy. In such situations acting later can be critical for you.
You don't know who is triggering these obstacles. What are his intentions? Why does he want to harm you? To what extent he has planned your downfall? As a result of these doubts, you feel unable to act.
Ganesh Mantra To Remove Obstacles In Life Vakratunda Mahakaya
How can you act when you don't know the culprit? Even if you can perform what actions can be taken? How can you reverse the course of such obstacles? These questions are bound to be raised in your mind.
You need something useful and precise. A solution that can deliver results quickly. A sustainable solution. Moreover, a solution that you can execute on your own.
The possibility of finding such solutions seems distant. However, to your surprise, such a solution exists. Ganesh mantra to remove obstacles is that ultimate solution.
It is the Ganesh mantra to remove the barriers that have the potential to bring you that desired results. Ganesh mantra to remove the barriers can dismantle those triggered obstacles in your path.
The Ganesh mantra to remove obstacles brings you prosperity. Lord Ganesha is known as "Vighna Harta" which means destroyer of obstacles. As a result of performing the mantra, you would start feeling calm and composed.
Ganesh Mantra To Remove Obstacles In Job
Performing the Ganesh mantra to remove obstacles is one long term and effective solution for all your worries. Ganesh mantra to remove the barriers when completed with faith creates a positive vibe around you.
Ganesh mantra to remove obstacles coupled with your faith and dedication can do wonders. The mantra can be your ultimate guide to a happy life.
Ganesh mantra to remove the barriers brings down all those obstacles that are there to harm you. So, keep the faith and perform the mantra with pure heart and mind. Results would always be in your favor.
Ganesh mantra to take away obstacles
If you are performing the mantra for the first time, take guidance from an astrologer. You can also consult the priest (Pujari). By consultation and advice, you would get valuable insights in regards to the performance of the mantra. This would be fruitful especially in enhancing the efficacy of your performance of mantra.
Ganesh mantra to remove obstacles is a holistic solution that works in tandem to the problem. The mantra in particular targets the root cause of obstacles. Besides its efficacy, the mantra adopts a simple course of action to brings peace and prosperity to the performer.
The mantra generally works by:
- Acting on the source of obstacles
- Diluting the effect of negative energy on you
- Creating a web of positivity around you
- Bringing peace into your family
- Blocking impeding threats
- Bringing calmness to your heart and mind
- Strengthening you for future challenges in life
Thus, the mantra, in conclusion, caters the problem comprehensively. Make sure you perform the mantra with purity of purpose at sight. If you have evil intentions then, in this case, the mantra would go futile.
The process of performing the mantra
To perform the mantra effectively, you need to know its process in the first place. In addition to your faith, the process is a vital element in determining the efficacy of the mantra.
Sticking to the process of mantra is key to derive desired results. The process to perform the Ganesh mantra to remove obstacles is as follows:
- To begin with, take a bath
- Dress in neat and tidy clothes
- Take Mala in your hand
- Now, recite the mantra:
"Vakratunda Maha-Kaaya Surya-Kotti Samaprabha Nirvighnam Kuru Me Deva Sarva-Kaaryeshu Sarvadaa"
- Recite the mantra for 101 times
- Use the mala to ensure the right count of recitation
- Now recite the mantra:
"Aum Ekadantaya Viddhamahe,
Tanno Danti Prachodayat"
- Again recite this for a total of 101 times
- Regularly perform these mantras
Other Ganesh Mantras
* Clean yourself in the first place
- Recite the mantra:
"Om Gam Ganapataye
- Recite the mantra as much time as possible in a day
- Recite the mantra:
- Now, recite the mantra:
- Recite these mantras sitting at a place with peace
- Try to recite these mantras 10 to 15 minutes daily
- Regularly recite the mantra:
"Om Namo Siddhi Vinayakaya
Sarva kaarya kartrey Sarva vighna
prashamnay Sarvarjaya Vashyakarnaya
Sarvajan Sarvastree Purush Aakarshanaya
Shreeng Om Swaha"
- Finally, recite the moola mantra:
"Om Shreem Hreem Kleem
Glaum Gam Ganapataye
Vara Varad Sarvajan janmay
Vashamanaye Swaha Tatpurushaye
Vidmahe Vakratundaye Dhimahi Tanno
Danti Prachodyat Om Shantih Shantih Shanthi"
By the grace of God and the strength of your faith results would come instantly. All the obstacles in your path would vanish. You would enjoy a peaceful life. Above all keep your faith intact in Lord Ganesha.


text:
We Have Introduced Confocal Fiber Displacement Sensor ZW.
Displacement Sensors are indispensable in non-contact measurement of heights, thicknesses, and other dimensions in machine operation control. However, building them into the system has always presented problems. The Confocal Fiber Displacement Sensor ZW Series solves these problems in ways that were not possible with traditional triangulation.
The ZW-series Sensors provide the compact size, light weight, immunity to electrical/magnetic noise, and other features to make them ideal for solving installation space problems. And OMRON's new confocal principle provides the measurement resolution that is needed for operation control. The ZW Series solves the problems that came with laser triangulation, such as deviations between different materials and inclination tolerance.


31 Bird Jokes That Are A Hoot
Laughing at bird jokes
Did you know there are approximately 18,000 species of birds in the world?!
Birds are truly fascinating creatures and there's no wonder kids are enamoured by them! They've also inspired some pretty hilarious jokes!
Whether your kids are budding twitchers or they just love a good giggle, we've got 31 brilliant bird jokes that will have them tweeting for more!
1) What do you give a sick bird? Tweetment!
2) Why does a flamingo lift up one leg? Because if it lifted both legs it would fall over!
3) What do you call a funny chicken? A comedi-hen!
4) When should you buy a bird? When it goes cheep!
5) Did you hear the one about the crow and the telephone pole? He wanted to make a long-distance caw!
6) Why did the little bird get in trouble at school? Because he was caught tweeting on a test!
7) Why did the chicken cross the playground? Because it wanted to get to the other slide!
8) How did the bubblegum cross the road? On the bottom of the chicken's foot!
9) Why do hummingbirds hum? Because they don't know the words!
10) How to chickens get strong? They do eggs -ercise!
Keep scrolling for more EGG-cellent bird puns!
11) What did one egg say to another? Let's get cracking!
12) What robs you while you're in the bathtub? A robber ducky!
13) How did the egg cross the road? It scrambled across!
14) What did the duck say when he dropped the dishes? "I hope I didn't quack any!"
15) What birds spend all of their time on their knees? Birds of prey!
16) What do you call a very rude bird? A mockingbird bird!
17) Why do birds fly south in the winter? Because it's too far to walk!
18) How did the bird break into the house? With a crow bar!
19) What did the maple tree say to the woodpecker? Leaf me alone!
20) What do you get if you kiss a bird? A peck on the cheek!
21) What is a bird's favourite game? Beakaboo!
22) What do you call a sick eagle? ill eagle!
23) What kind of bird doesn't need a comb? A bald eagle!
24) Why do ducks fly south for winter? Because it's too far to waddle!
25) What do owls sing when it's raining? Too wet to woo!
Knock Knock Jokes
Let's finish off with some knock knock jokes that will have the kids laughing out loud!
26) Knock, knock
Who's there?
Who who?
Oh, I didn't know there was an owl in there!
27) Knock, knock
Who's there?
Toucan who?
Toucan play that game!
28) Knock, knock
Who's there?
Baby owl
Baby owl who?
Baby owl see you later, maybe i wont!
29) Knock, knock
Who's there?
Earl who?
Early bird catches the worm!
30) Knock, knock
Who's there?
Kook who?
Don't call me cuckoo!
31) Knock, knock
Who's there?
Owl who?
Owl always love you!
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text:
- Cambridge Teacher's Passport
- English language Teaching Jobs Abroad
Cambridge Teacher's Passport is your Teacher identity; recognized and accepted world over as a proof of your Teaching capabilities and language proficiency with Cambridge Certifications.
Cambridge Teacher's passport is a series of qualifications for English and Subject Teachers that enhances your job prospects and employability chances all over the world.
For English Language teaching Cambridge Teacher's Passport qualifications include:
1. CERTIFICATE IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING-PRIMARY/SECONDARY (CELT P/S):
CELT is an English Language Teaching Qualification by Cambridge. CELT P is ideal for teachers at Primary level and CELT S is for Secondary level teachers.
2. CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH ADVANCE (CAE):
Cambridge English Advance (CAE) is an English language proficiency qualification accredited by University of Cambridge.
3. TEACHING KNOWLEDGE TEST (TKT):
TKT is a series of internationally recognised modular teaching qualiﬁcations, which test your knowledge in a speciﬁc area of English
View Program Information
This program has not been reviewed yet.


text:
|Main Body||Upon Completion, Participants Will Have a Broad Understanding Of:|
-The history of Asbestos materials in buildings
-Manitoba Labour and Environment regulations
-Classification of Asbestos work
-Type 1, Type 2 and glove bag procedures
Pinchin Environmental offers this training course in Winnipeg to teach maintenance workers and supervisors how to work safely around asbestos materials. The course meets the requirements of the Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, Manitoba Regulation _PHONE_, Part 37 Asbestos to provide training to workers working with asbestos.


Writing drivers for different versions of Windows
Writing drivers for different versions of Windows
When you create a driver project, you specify the minimum target operating system, which is the minimum version of Windows that your driver will run on. For example, you could specify that Windows 7 is the minimum target operating system. In that case, your driver would run on Windows 7 and later versions of Windows.
Note If you develop a driver for a particular minimum version of Windows and you want your driver to work on later versions of Windows, you must not use any undocumented functions, and you must not use documented functions in any way other than how it is described in the documentation. Otherwise your driver might fail to run on the later versions of Windows. Even if you have been careful to use only documented functions, you should test your driver on the new version of Windows each time one is released.

Writing a multiversion driver using only common features
When you design a driver that will run on multiple versions of Windows, the simplest approach is to allow the driver to use only DDI functions and structures that are common to all versions of Windows that the driver will run on. In this situation, you set the minimum target operating system to the earliest version of Windows that the driver will support.
For example, to support all versions of Windows, starting with Windows 7, you should:
 1. Design and implement the driver so that it uses only those features that are present in Windows 7.
 2. When you build your driver, specify Windows 7 as the minimum target operating system.
While this process is simple, it might restrict the driver to use only a subset of the functionality that is available on later versions of Windows.
Writing a multiversion driver that uses version-dependent features
A kernel-mode driver can dynamically determine which version of Windows it is running on and choose to use features that are available in that version. For example, a driver that must support all versions of Windows, starting with Windows 7, can determine, at run time, the version of Windows that it is running on. If the driver is running on Windows 7, it must use only the DDI functions that Windows 7 supports. However, the same driver can use additional DDI functions that are unique to Windows 8, for example, when its run-time check determines that it is running on Windows 8.
Determining the Windows version
RtlIsNtDdiVersionAvailable is a function that drivers can use to determine, at run time, if the features that are provided by a particular version of Windows are available. The prototype for this function is as follows:
BOOLEAN RtlIsNtDdiVersionAvailable(IN ULONG Version)
In this prototype, Version is a value that indicates the required version of the Windows DDI. This value must be one of the DDI version constants, defined in sdkddkver.h, such as NTDDI_WIN8 or NTDDI_WIN7.
RtlIsNtDdiVersionAvailable returns TRUE when the caller is running on a version of Windows that is the same as, or later than, the one that is specified by Version.
Your driver can also check for a specific service pack by calling the RtlIsServicePackVersionInstalled function. The prototype for this function is as follows:
BOOLEAN RtlIsServicePackVersionInstalled(IN ULONG Version)
In this prototype, Version is a value that indicates the required Windows version and service pack. This value must be one of the DDI version constants, defined in sdkddkver.h, such as NTDDI_WS08SP3.
Note that RtlIsServicePackVersionInstalled returns TRUE only when the operating system version exactly matches the specified version. Thus, a call to RtlIsServicePackVersionInstalled with Version set to NTDDI_WS08SP3 will fail if the driver is not running on Windows Server 2008 with SP4.
Conditionally calling Windows version-dependent functions
After a driver determines that a specific operating system version is available on the computer, the driver can use the MmGetSystemRoutineAddress function to dynamically locate the routine and call it through a pointer. This function is available in Windows 7 and later operating system versions.
Note To help preserve type checking and prevent unintentional errors, you should create a typedef that mirrors the original function type.

Example: Determining the Windows version and conditionally calling a version-dependent function
This code example, which is from a driver's header file, defines the PAISQSL type as a pointer to the KeAcquireInStackQueuedSpinLock function. The example then declares a AcquireInStackQueuedSpinLock variable with this type.
...
 //
// Pointer to the ordered spin lock function.
// This function is only available on Windows 7 and
// later systems
 typedef (* PAISQSL) (KeAcquireInStackQueuedSpinLock);
PAISQSL AcquireInStackQueued = NULL;
 ...

This code example, which is from the driver's initialization code, determines whether the driver is running on Windows 7 or a later operating system. If it is, the code retrieves a pointer to KeAcquireInStackQueuedSpinLock.
...

//
// Are we running on Windows 7 or later?
//
 if (RtlIsNtDdiVersionAvailable(NTDDI_WIN7) ) {

 //
 // Yes... Windows 7 or later it is!
 //
 RtlInitUnicodeString(&funcName,
 L"KeAcquireInStackQueuedSpinLock");

 //
 // Get a pointer to Windows implementation
 // of KeAcquireInStackQueuedSpinLock into our
 // variable "AcquireInStackQueued"
 AcquireInStackQueued = (PAISQSL)
 MmGetSystemRoutineAddress(&funcName);
 }

...
// Acquire a spin lock.

 if( NULL != AcquireInStackQueued) {
 (AcquireInStackQueued)(&SpinLock, &lockHandle);
} else {
 KeAcquireSpinLock(&SpinLock);
}

In the example the driver calls RtlIsNtDdiVersionAvailable to determine whether the driver is running on Windows 7 or later. If the version is Windows 7 or later, the driver calls MmGetSystemRoutineAddress to get a pointer to the KeAcquireInStackQueuedSpinLock function and stores this pointer in the variable named AcquireInStackQueued (which was declared as a PAISQSL type).
Later, when the driver must acquire a spin lock, it checks to see whether it has received a pointer to the KeAcquireInStackQueuedSpinLock function. If the driver has received this pointer, the driver uses the pointer to call KeAcquireInStackQueuedSpinLock. If the pointer to KeAcquireInStackQueuedSpinLock is null, the driver uses KeAcquireSpinLock to acquire the spin lock.

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Show:
© 2016 Microsoft


text: Exact or similar copies of code fragments in a code base are known as code clones. Code clones are considered as one of the serious code smells. Stability is a widely investigated perspective of assessing the impacts of clones on software systems. A number of existing studies show that clones are often less stable than non-cloned code. This suggests that clones change more frequently than non-cloned code and thus may require comparatively more maintenance efforts. Again, frequent changes to clones may increase the likelihood of missing change propagation to the co-change candidates leading to inconsistencies or bugs. However, none of the existing studies investigate whether stability of clones is related to the bug-proneness. In this paper, we present an empirical study that analyzes the relationships between stability and bug-proneness of clones. We identify bugfix commits by analyzing the commit messages from software repositories. We then identify the clones those are changed in the bug-fix commits as bug-prone clones. We then compare the stability of buggy and non-buggy clones considering the finegrained syntactic change types and their significance. Our experimental results based on five open-source Java systems of different size and application domains show that (1) stability and bug-proneness of code clones are related and this relationship is statistically significant, (2) for both exact (Type 1) and near-miss (Type 2 and Type 3) clones, buggy clones tend to have higher frequency of changes than non-buggy clones, (3) the bug-proneness of Type 2 and Type 3 clones tend to be strongly related with their stability compared to Type 1 clones, and (4) the relation between the stability and the bug-proneness of clones with respect to fine-grained change types is likely to be influenced by the changes of low to medium significance. We believe that our findings are important and potentially useful in identifying and prioritizing candidate clones for management.


text:
Date of this Version
Urban-suburban Canada geese (Branta canadensis) create nuisance problems at their foraging sites by littering them with feces. An ecological approach to the problem involves inducing the geese to use alternate foraging sites by reducing the attractiveness of problem sites. This can be accomplished by reducing the forage quality at the nuisance site by not fertilizing and infrequently mowing the lawn or by replacing the lawn with a less palatable grass species or other ground cover. Further, sites can be made less attractive to geese if they are surrounded by tall trees which make it harder for geese to land or take off, and planting bushes and hedges to reduce a goose's ability to watch for approaching predators. Another approach involves relocating roosting areas to more remote sites so that geese have to expend greater time and energy to reach the problem site.


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You are here: Platypus /Teach-in: Trans Liberation (Frankfurt)
Teach-in: Trans Liberation (Frankfurt)
The political and cultural Left, which have stood for increasing the scope of freedom, have historically shifted positons on issues of gender and sexuality. For instance, where once the Left challenged gender and family norms in society, there has been a turn to advocation participation in predominant institutions, for instance in legal reforms and the medical industry: there has been some conflict in LGBTQ circles over the politcs of the trans identity, whether it should be considered a subjective development or an objective condition, and further if it should be considered at all by the Left. What do such controversies tell us about the politics of sexual freedom and the history of the Left, moving forward? How are issues of sexual freedom related to issues in the greater society and not of concern merely to sexual minorities and subcultures? Is there simply a need to be recognized as present, as expressed by Queer Nation? Or might we look forward to renewed politcal disputes around issues of sexual freedom? What can history teach us about this?
Which way forward for trans liberation?
Which way forward for human emancipation?
Leave a Reply


text:
About the SCE-Sniffer RADIUS Login Event Generator
Revised: November 8, 2010, OL-21081-02
The Service Control Management Suite (SCMS) Subscriber Manager (SM) SCE-Sniffer RADIUS Login Event Generator (LEG) is a software module that receives Raw Data Record (RDR) messages containing RADIUS information from Service Control Engine (SCE) devices configured with a RADIUS sniffer service. The SCE-Sniffer RADIUS LEG is an extension of the SM software and runs as part of the SM process.
Information About the SCE-Sniffer RADIUS LEG
The SCE device analyzes RADIUS traffic that traverses it (1) and reports the RADIUS transactions to the LEG using the RDR protocol (2). The LEG associates the RDR data to subscriber properties (name, subscriber IP, domain, and policies) and triggers a login or logout operation to the SM (3) as shown in Figure 20-1.
Figure 20-1 SCE-Sniffer RADIUS LEG Operation
RADIUS Integration Overview
This implementation of the SCE-Sniffer RADIUS LEG supports RFC 2865 (RADIUS Protocol) and RFC 2866 (RADIUS Accounting).
The LEG uses the following packet types:
-Accounting-Start—Initiates login operations (with subscriber IP, domain, and policies).
-Accounting-Interim-Update—Initiates login operations (with subscriber IP, domain, and policies).
-Accounting-Stop—Initiates logout operations.
-Access-Request—Initiates domain and policies associations.
-Access-Accept—Initiates login operations (with subscriber IP and policies).
The LEG uses the following attributes:
-User Name (Attribute no. 1)—Default attribute for subscriber ID.
-NAS-IP-Address (Attribute no. 4)—Associates the NAS IP address as the subscriber's domain (optional).
-Framed-IP-Address (Attribute no. 8)—Associates an IP address to the subscriber.
-Framed-IP-Netmask (Attribute no. 9)—Associates an IP netmask to the subscriber.
-Framed-Route (Attribute no. 22)—Associates an IP/IP-range to the subscriber.
-NAS-Identifier (Attribute no. 32)—Associates the NAS identifier as the subscriber's domain (optional).
-Acct-Status-Type (Attribute no. 40)—Distinguishes between the different accounting transactions.
To associate policies to the subscribers, configure the LEG with the attribute that contains the policy information. The Vendor Specific attribute (Attribute no. 26) can be used to associate policies to the subscribers in addition to all other RADIUS attributes of type string or integer.
To determine the subscriber ID, configure the LEG with the attribute that contains the subscriber ID information. The Vendor Specific attribute (Attribute no. 26) can be used to determine the subscriber ID in addition to all other RADIUS attributes of type string. By default, the User-Name (Attribute no. 1) is configured to hold the subscriber ID.


text:
Aviation First Aid
CASS aviation First Aid training courses are suitable for single cabin crew situations in general, private and business aviation, and for multi-crew operations in commercial airline environments, including regional airlines.
Courses will be tailored to your specific requirements, and will incorporate your company's operational procedures and on-board equipment.
Each course includes theoretical and practical training using appropriate equipment, including full-size resuscitation manikins.
Elements covered in the course include:
- Aviation medicine theory
- Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
- Automatic External Defibrillator training (AED)
- Bandaging and bleeding control
- In-flight medical assistance, including chest pain, nausea, fainting, allergic reaction, diabetes, epilepsy management
- Oxygen administration
- Recognition and treatment of hypoxia
- The role of the Primary, Communicator and Assist cabin crew member during airline in-flight medical emergencies
- Single cabin crew member procedures during in-flight medical emergencies
- Use of aircraft first aid and physician kits (specific to operator and aircraft type).
Additional elements that are covered if required include:
- Assisting customers with physical disabilities
- Physician kits – policy and procedures
- Working with medical professionals (including making PAs for medical assistance).
Corcoran Aviation Safety Services will provide a fully qualified trainer, course materials and training aids (e.g. handouts, resuscitation equipment, on-board medical equipment, aircraft first aid and physician kits, first aid manikin).
Each participant will receive an in-flight medical assistance booklet and credit-card sized CPR prompt card.
You will need to provide appropriate classroom space in which theoretical learning can be delivered, and where practical role-playing training can take place.
Certificate of Qualification on successful completion of the basic or advanced course. CPR qualification is valid for 1 year, First Aid qualification for 3 years (in accordance with Australian Resuscitation Council Guidelines).
"John was very thorough, easy to understand, and probably delivered the best first aid training that I have received. A totally enjoyable day." — A.O.
"I used to dread this subject as the trainers were unenthusiastic, but after today John has made me really enjoy this subject and I feel more confident in dealing with a medical situation on board." — J.H.


text:
A sunny spring and a dry summer have hastened the first grape harvest this year. According to the estimates of Moselle winegrowers, it will begin around September 5. This is about three weeks earlier than usual.
The dry climate is ideal for grape varieties that produce quality red wine. There will be a lot of it in 2022 in Luxembourg. Prospects for white wines are not so obvious yet, experts say.
The heat helps the grapes reach ideal ripeness. But the vineyards have already experienced its negative effects. When the temperature in the Grand Duchy approached 40 degrees Celcius, many berries were simply burned by the hot sun. And thus became unfit for wine.
If the heat does not subside by the beginning of September, the grape harvest will have to be conducted early in the morning, before 11 o'clock. After that, the grapes will become too hot.
In 2021, due to the cold spring and varied weather in the summer, the grape harvest came late and was not so voluminous. From it the vineyards were able to produce about 100,000 hectoliters of wine. Now the vineyards of the country hope to seriously surpass last year's numbers.
It won't be easy to do, however. Right now the Grand Duchy is extremely short on grape pickers.


j3d.org Code
org.j3d.util.interpolator
Class ScalarInterpolator
java.lang.Object
 extended by org.j3d.util.interpolator.Interpolator
 extended by org.j3d.util.interpolator.ScalarInterpolator
public class ScalarInterpolator
extends Interpolator
An interpolator that works with scalar values.
The interpolation routine is either a stepwise or simple linear interpolation between each of the points. The interpolator may take arbitrarily spaced keyframes and compute correct values.
Version:
$Revision: 1.3 $
Author:
Justin Couch
Field Summary

Fields inherited from class org.j3d.util.interpolator.Interpolator
allocatedSize, ARRAY_INCREMENT, currentSize, DEFAULT_SIZE, interpolationType, keys, LINEAR, STEP

Constructor Summary
ScalarInterpolator()
 Create a new linear interpolator instance with the default size for the number of key values.
ScalarInterpolator(int size)
 Create a linear interpolator with the given basic size.
ScalarInterpolator(int size, int type)
 Create a interpolator with the given basic size using the interpolation type.

Method Summary
 void addKeyFrame(float key, float value)
 Add a key frame set of values at the given key point.
 float floatValue(float key)
 Get the interpolated value of the point at the given key value.
 java.lang.String toString()
 Create a string representation of this interpolator's values

Methods inherited from class org.j3d.util.interpolator.Interpolator
clear, findKeyIndex

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait

Constructor Detail
ScalarInterpolator
public ScalarInterpolator()
Create a new linear interpolator instance with the default size for the number of key values.
ScalarInterpolator
public ScalarInterpolator(int size)
Create a linear interpolator with the given basic size.
Parameters:
size - The starting number of items in interpolator
ScalarInterpolator
public ScalarInterpolator(int size,
 int type)
Create a interpolator with the given basic size using the interpolation type.
Parameters:
size - The starting number of items in interpolator
type - The type of interpolation scheme to use
Method Detail
addKeyFrame
public void addKeyFrame(float key,
 float value)
Add a key frame set of values at the given key point. This will insert the values at the correct position within the array for the given key. If two keys have the same value, the new key is inserted before the old one.
Parameters:
key - The value of the key to use
value - The scalar value at this key
floatValue
public float floatValue(float key)
Get the interpolated value of the point at the given key value. If the key lies outside the range of the values defined, it will be clamped to the end point value. For speed reasons, this will return a reusable float array. Do not modify the values or keep a reference to this as it will change values between calls.
Parameters:
key - The key value to get the position for
Returns:
An array of the values at that position [x, y, z]
toString
public java.lang.String toString()
Create a string representation of this interpolator's values
Overrides:
toString in class java.lang.Object
Returns:
A nicely formatted string representation
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