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What is Whole-Body Counter – Whole-Body Counting – Definition
A whole-body counter is an instrument that measures the amounts of gamma-emitting radionuclides in the body. In nuclear facilities, whole-body counters are used for measurement of radioactivity within the human body. Radiation Dosimetry
A whole-body counter is an instrument that measures the amounts of gamma-emitting radionuclides in the body (i.e. it is a gamma spectrometer). In nuclear facilities, these counters are used for measurement of radioactivity within the human body, that means, for internal contamination measurements. This must not be confused with a "whole body monitor" which used for personnel exit monitoring, which is the term used in radiation protection for checking for external contamination of a whole body of a person leaving a radioactive contamination controlled area. Whole-body counters are very sensitive devices and therefore they are often surrounded by large quantities of lead shielding to reduce the background radiation. A whole-body counter consists, for example, of a stand-up booth with two large-area NaI scintillation detectors. The upper detector monitors lungs, the lower detector monitors the gastrointestinal tract.
It must be noted, all people also have some radioactive isotopes inside their bodies from birth. These isotopes are especially potassium-40, carbon-14 and also the isotopes of uranium and thorium. The average annual radiation dose to a person from internal radioactive materials other than radon is about 0.3 mSv/year of which:
 - 2 mSv/year comes from potassium-40,
 - 12 mSv/year comes from the uranium and thorium series,
 - 12 μSv/year comes from carbon-40.
The variation in radiation dose from one person to another is not as great, but it is detected also by a whole-body counter.
Gamma Spectroscopy
HPGe Detector - Germanium
HPGe detector with LN2 cryostat Source: canberra.com
If a gamma ray is emitted from a radioactive element within the human body due to radioactive decay, and its energy is sufficient to escape then it can be detected. This would be by means of gamma spectrometer. Spectroscopes, or spectrometers, are sophisticated devices designed to measure the spectral power distribution of a source. The incident radiation generates a signal that allows to determine the energy of the incident particle. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. Gamma rays frequently accompany the emission of alpha and beta radiation. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. Gamma rays from radioactive decay are in the energy range from a few keV to ~8 MeV, corresponding to the typical energy levels in nuclei with reasonably long lifetimes. As was written, they are produced by the decay of nuclei as they transition from a high energy state to a lower state. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a sample, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source.
For the measurement of gamma rays above several hundred keV, there are two detector categories of major importance, inorganic scintillators as NaI(Tl) and semiconductor detectors. In the previous articles, we described the gamma spectroscopy using scintillation detector, which consists of a suitable scintillator crystal, a photomultiplier tube, and a circuit for measuring the height of the pulses produced by the photomultiplier. The advantages of a scintillation counter are its efficiency (large size and high density) and the high precision and counting rates that are possible. Due to the high atomic number of iodine, a large number of all interactions will result in complete absorption of gamma-ray energy, so the photo fraction will be high.
But if a perfect energy resolution is required, we have to use germanium-based detector, such as the HPGe detector. Germanium-based semiconductor detectors are most commonly used where a very good energy resolution is required, especially for gamma spectroscopy, as well as x-ray spectroscopy. In gamma spectroscopy, germanium is preferred due to its atomic number being much higher than silicon and which increases the probability of gamma ray interaction. Moreover, germanium has lower average energy necessary to create an electron-hole pair, which is 3.6 eV for silicon and 2.9 eV for germanium. This also provides the latter a better resolution in energy. The FWHM (full width at half maximum) for germanium detectors is a function of energy. For a 1.3 MeV photon, the FWHM is 2.1 keV, which is very low.
Internal Dose Uptake
If the source of radiation is inside our body, we say, it is internal exposure. The intake of radioactive material can occur through various pathways such as ingestion of radioactive contamination in food or liquids, inhalation of radioactive gases, or through intact or wounded skin. Most radionuclides will give you much more radiation dose if they can somehow enter your body, than they would if they remained outside. For internal doses, we first should distinguish between intake and uptake. Intake means what a person takes in. Uptake means what a person keeps.
When a radioactive compound enters the body, the activity will decrease with time, due both to radioactive decay and to biological clearance. The decrease varies from one radioactive compound to another. For this purpose, the biological half-life is defined in radiation protection.
The biological half-life is the time taken for the amount of a particular element in the body to decrease to half of its initial value due to elimination by biological processes alone, when the rate of removal is roughly exponential. The biological half-life depends on the rate at which the body normally uses a particular compound of an element. Radioactive isotopes that were ingested or taken in through other pathways will gradually be removed from the body via bowels, kidneys, respiration and perspiration. This means that a radioactive substance can be expelled before it has had the chance to decay.
As a result, the biological half-life significantly influences the effective half-life and the overall dose from internal contamination. If a radioactive compound with radioactive half-life (t1/2) is cleared from the body with a biological half-life tb, the effective half-life (te) is given by the expression:
As can be seen, the biological mechanisms always decreases the overall dose from internal contamination. Moreover, if t1/2 is large in comparison to tb, the effective half-life is approximately the same as tb.
For example, tritium has the biological half-life about 10 days, while the radioactive half-life is about 12 years. On the other hand, radionuclides with very short radioactive half-lives have also very short effective half-lives. These radionuclides will deliver, for all practical purposes, the total radiation dose within the first few days or weeks after intake.
For tritium, the annual limit intake (ALI) is 1 x 109 Bq. If you take in 1 x 109 Bq of tritium, you will receive a whole-body dose of 20 mSv. The committed effective dose, E(t), is therefore 20 mSv. It does not depend whether a person intakes this amount of activity in a short time or in a long time. In every case, this person gets the same whole-body dose of 20 mSv.
References:
Radiation Protection:
 1. Knoll, Glenn F., Radiation Detection and Measurement 4th Edition, Wiley, 8/2010. ISBN-13: 978-_PHONE_.
 2. Stabin, Michael G., Radiation Protection and Dosimetry: An Introduction to Health Physics, Springer, 10/2010. ISBN-13: 978-_PHONE_.
 3. Martin, James E., Physics for Radiation Protection 3rd Edition, Wiley-VCH, 4/2013. ISBN-13: 978-_PHONE_.
 4. U.S.NRC, NUCLEAR REACTOR CONCEPTS
 5. U.S. Department of Energy, Instrumantation and Control. DOE Fundamentals Handbook, Volume 2 of 2. June 1992.
Nuclear and Reactor Physics:
 1. J. R. Lamarsh, Introduction to Nuclear Reactor Theory, 2nd ed., Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA (1983).
 2. J. R. Lamarsh, A. J. Baratta, Introduction to Nuclear Engineering, 3d ed., Prentice-Hall, 2001, ISBN: 0-201-82498-1.
 3. W. M. Stacey, Nuclear Reactor Physics, John Wiley & Sons, 2001, ISBN: 0- 471-39127-1.
 4. Glasstone, Sesonske. Nuclear Reactor Engineering: Reactor Systems Engineering, Springer; 4th edition, 1994, ISBN: 978-_PHONE_
 5. W.S.C. Williams. Nuclear and Particle Physics. Clarendon Press; 1 edition, 1991, ISBN: 978-_PHONE_
 6. G.R.Keepin. Physics of Nuclear Kinetics. Addison-Wesley Pub. Co; 1st edition, 1965
 7. Robert Reed Burn, Introduction to Nuclear Reactor Operation, 1988.
 8. U.S. Department of Energy, Nuclear Physics and Reactor Theory. DOE Fundamentals Handbook, Volume 1 and 2. January 1993.
 9. Paul Reuss, Neutron Physics. EDP Sciences, 2008. ISBN: 978-_PHONE_.
See also:
Dosimetry in NPPs
We hope, this article, Whole-Body


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Icon of the Mother of God "Chukhloma"
The Chukhloma Icon of the Mother of God of Galich appeared in 1350 to St. Abraham of Galich, who came from the north to live an ascetic life with the blessing of St. Sergius of Radonezh. On the shores of Galich Lake which was hidden in a dense forest, he turned with prayer to the Mother of God, asking Her blessing. After finishing his prayers, he sat down to rest, but suddenly a bright light appeared on a nearby mountain and a voice said, "Abraham, come up the mountain, where there is an icon of My Mother."
The monk went up the mountain where the light shone, and indeed found an icon of the Mother of God with the Infant on a tree. With tenderness and in gratitude to God, he took the icon and, strengthened by prayers to the Most Holy Theotokos, built a chapel there in which he placed the icon.
Galich Prince Demetrius Feodorovich learned about St. Abraham's trip, and asked him to bring the icon to him. St. Abraham journeyed across Galich Lake in a boat and, accompanied by clergy and a throng of people, took the wonderworking icon to the cathedral church in the city of Galich.
A large number of sick were healed by this icon. When St. Abraham told Prince Demetrius about the appearance of the icon, the Prince gave St. Abraham money to build a monastery. Soon, a church was built in honor of the Dormition of the Most Holy Theotokos, around which a monastery grew. St. Abraham founded several more monasteries, the last being the Chukhloma, not far from the city of Chukhloma. From the name of this monastery, the wonderworking icon became known as the Chukhloma Icon of Galich.
The icon is also commemorated on May 28, July 4, and August 15.
By permission of the Orthodox Church in America (_URL_)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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October 2005 Wine 6.7 Wine Developers Manual


text:
Skip to comments.Discoveries might reveal origins of Southeastern N.C.'s first inhabitants
Posted on 05/10/2010 4:19:52 AM PDT by Palter
WRIGHTSVILLE BEACH | A local captain and his crew have discovered a unique rock and nearby artifacts that might help reveal how the first people came to Southeastern North Carolina thousands of years ago.
Geologists said the rock, called black chert or novaculite, was previously thought to only be available in vast quantities in the mountains of Arkansas. Zulu Discovery, a local underwater exploration company, found a very dense version of the rock dozens of feet below the surface of the Atlantic Ocean off Wrightsville Beach. Chert was used by the first people in North America, called Paleo-Indians, to create the stone tools they needed to survive.
The discovery of black chert off local shores could rewrite America's prehistory by supporting a theory that Paleo-Indians might have come to the continent via a coastal route rather than by land, said Phil Garwood, a geology instructor at Cape Fear Community College who first identified the local rock as chert. The exact route Paleo-Indians followed will always remain a mystery, but clues have come in the form of the tools they left behind.
This is a piece of the puzzle, Garwood said.
In collaboration with CFCC, Zulu Discovery founders Capt. Jim Batey and his son Rusty Batey hope to find grants and other sources of funding to continue their research and exploration of the areas where they've found the rock and artifacts. The Bateys don't want to reveal the exact depths or locations of their finds, fearing the disruption by other divers of their efforts to study the material.
Continuing their research, Zulu Discovery and CFCC met with state geologists and an underwater archaeologist recently to present their findings and get some advice on what to do next.
Kenneth Taylor, chief of the N.C. Geological Survey, was one of those geologists.
One of the things about it, when you look at samples of chert very, very hard, very, clear chert, that has to come from Arkansas. There's not an outcrop of this stuff in North Carolina, Taylor said, explaining the prevailing theory. Now there is. If there are archaeological artifacts that prove its first peoples' or native peoples'... This is outstanding. It's outstanding. It then says that they had a ready source nearby.
The rocks weren't underwater thousands of years ago.
It's offshore today, but it wouldn't have been covered by the ocean at that time because the ocean didn't come that far inland, Taylor said.
Not just a piece of cement
The North Carolina black chert, dubbed SeaViculite by Zulu Discovery, was found by accident.
Zulu Discovery diver Kevin Rooney picked up the unusual rock last summer as he searched underwater ledges for shark's teeth and fossils.
He brought it up just to see what it was, just to bring it to the surface and analyze it, Rusty Batey said.
At that time, no one suspected it was anything special.
We just thought it was a big square piece of cement, Rusty Batey said.
It wasn't until several months later, when Jim Batey got tired of seeing the rock in his yard, that they got their first clue to the rock's significance. Jim threw it to Rooney, telling him to get rid of the cement-colored stuff, when a piece of it broke off, revealing a lustrous black interior.
I knew it was something that needed to be looked at. It was so unusual, said Jim Batey, who added that he'd never come across anything like it in his 45 years of deep-sea diving.
Jim gave it to Tim Shaw, a marine technology instructor at CFCC, who showed it to Garwood.
If there's one rock in the world I know, it's chert, said Garwood, who studied chert in Australia. Chert is a sedimentary rock, believed to have formed when the shells of ancient, microscopic sea creatures fused together, Garwood said.
People might have been picking up those rocks for years and they just didn't know what it was, Taylor said. It took showing the find to someone who knows rocks, like Garwood, to make the significant connection, Taylor said.
Garwood said the SeaViculite is being analyzed by a laboratory at the College of Charleston in Charleston, S.C., and so far the lab has found an 85 percent probability that the SeaViculite is the same material used to make tools found in Southeastern North Carolina.
The artifacts Zulu Discovery has found near the underwater chert sites and identified by Garwood include an ornament called a gorgot, a scraper used to clean hides, a knife and a stone used to start fires.
Rusty Batey said he's mailed at least 30 samples of the SeaViculite to flint knappers people who make stone tools and others for examination.
Jim Batey said the crew plans to take an archaeologist from the state's Underwater Archaeology Branch to one of their chert sites. In addition to showing him the sites, they want the archaeologist, Nathan Henry, to examine a possible artifact that looks like it might be a pot of some kind. A video shot underwater by Zulu Discovery's Video Ray Pro III remote operated vehicle shows a half moon shape wedged under a ledge. The Zulu Discovery diver didn't want to try to pull out the potential artifact, fearing it's destruction.
The question of whether parts of the chert locations need to be preserved as culturally significant sites is another reason Zulu Discovery is working with the state and college on the project, alternately called Operation Chert and Project SeaViculite.
This may be a very significant site archaeologically if indeed it turns out there is cultural material associated with the rock, said Richard Lawrence, director of the state's Underwater Archaeology Branch.
We don't want to disturb a site if it's an Indian site, Jim Batey said.
The company has not yet determined whether mining the chert, which would require permission from the federal government, would be a profitable venture. In addition to its historical value, chert has commercial value, including its ability to sharpen knives, surgical instruments and wood carving tools.
We don't know where it's going to go right now, Jim Batey said.
The company plans to continue exploring the SeaViculite sites they've already found and look for more.
You could make your projectile points for the next whole year by wintering over at that location, Taylor said, of the large pockets of chert already found by Zulu Discovery. That's incredibly fascinating.
Zulu Discovery owner Jim Batey holds a piece of North Carolina black chert that his crew found off the North Carolina coast.
'supporting a theory that Paleo-Indians might have come to the continent via a coastal route rather than by land'
And this tells us how people came to North Carolina?
What am I missing?
"What else floats on water?"
Wasn't Mayberry in NC?
Paleo-Indians butchering a bison at the end of the Ice Age. Pembina State Museum exhibit
· Discover · Nat Geographic · Texas AM Anthro News · Yahoo Anthro & Archaeo · Google ·
· The Archaeology Channel · Excerpt, or Link only? · cgk's list of ping lists ·
These guys might be about to make fools of themselves. Chert was used for ballast. It was also used to pave roads. For all they know, it could have washed out to sea in a nor'easter back during the depression, or was dumped by a ship during the Civil War.
LOL! Your question shows an awareness of NC cue but falls short.
Eastern. And you say Eastern or Western, not East or West. :]
The first BBQ came to the US from Haiti via North Carolina. Barbeque is actually a Carib Indian word for roasted human arm.
And now, you know the rest of the story.
Or, it was dropped overboard by Indians say, 600 years ago while they were out fishing, geeze.
Well, now, I beg to differ.
The pit cooking method was taught to the very earliest English colonists, there are descriptions of pit cooking methods taught by the Croatan and the Powhatan. The sauce is a survival of Elizabethan "catsup" which was a vinegary sauce with herbs and spices. It's the first authentically American food, being a fusion of English and native. It really should be our Thanksgiving dinner, imho. Far more authentic than that sanitized and romanticized tale of our putative Pilgrim Fathers, those Johnny-Come-Lately communards, lol.
I've been a history buff with a nack for odd or forgotten history for years, and one of those odd bits is the origin of southeastern pit-cooked barbecue. I've never in my life heard this NC-by-way-of-Haiti cannibal cuisine tale before in my life, and I've actually researched it for years.
If you're pulling our legs, you're doing a pretty good job of it. If you're not, please source, starting with the etymology of "barbeque" from Haitian Creole. Bar-beek, like Martinique? I'm just baffled.
The Carribean connection to NC was Barbados and Cuba, not Hispaniola. Pit cooking was widespread before Haitians ever conjured their voodoo demon and slaughtered their overlords in their sleep back in the late 1700's.
For once, I


text:
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text:
One project's waste can be another's treasure.
The city of Juneau has joined forces with a multi-agency team to use the dirt and rock excavated from the Dimond Park high school site for a wetlands enhancement project in the Mendenhall Valley. The Nancy Street Wetland Enhancement Project is intended to improve wetlands habitat and water quality in the Duck Creek area, said Samia Savell, who works for the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service.
"When some of the agencies found out that they were going to have a lot of fill available from the high school project we thought this would be a good opportunity to do this wetland enhancement project," Savell said. "We're going to be putting a lot of fill in this area and creating a mixed wetland habitat for fish and birds and wildlife."
The earth excavated from the high school site is being used to fill one of three gravel pits that were dug sometime in the 1950s and have left murky ponds nearly void of wildlife, Savell said. This project is modeled after the Church of the Nazarene wetlands enhancement project that was completed just upstream from the Nancy Street project site in 2000 by the National Marine Fisheries Service.
"The preliminary data that we've gotten from water-quality studies there indicate that water quality is actually improving in that wetlands. So the idea is to kind of recreate what happened upstream down in this pond," Savell said.
Bob Millard, project manager for the valley high school, said he hopes to use all of the excavated material for the wetlands project but is not yet sure if it will all fit.
"We have about 100,000 cubic yards of excavation that has to come out of the high school project. There aren't any real viable dump sites in the community that we can use right now," he said. "It makes a perfect waste disposal site as well as a wetlands enhancement project."
Millard said the wetlands enhancement project saves the city money.
"Having the ability to get rid of the material from the high school at a location that's so close to the building site saved the city approximately $100,000," he said.
Neil Sticherd, a habitat restoration biologist for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, said the Duck Creek area has had water quality problems for decades that are not due to artificial contaminants, like some might assume.
"We're living in a big glacial valley and there's just natural strata, or layers, of different geologic materials," he said. "Wherever the groundwater can exit that strata it's picking up iron that is naturally occurring in the valley floor. When the iron is brought to the surface through the water, it contacts the air and oxidizes and creates this ugly orange color."
The enhancement will heavily alter what the landscape looked like before the project began, Savell said.
"We'll have some deep water areas and a stream channel that will go through here with some shallow water wetland areas and some real shallow upland habitat for bird nesting sites and refuge," she said.
"It will filter some of the poor water quality that we have entering the stream right now," Sticherd said.
Savell said there are still some details to work out as the project moves forward.
"One of the options that we've been looking into is trying to incorporate a little lookout area or some sort of path meandering through here, but there's folks living in these houses too," she said.
Savell said the wetlands enhancement project could take two years because the fill could keep coming until next summer. Phase one of the high school construction is scheduled to last until mid-July, 2006.
Savell said the area will not be too pretty while the heavy machinery fills up the pond in the coming months.
"It's going to be messy for a while," she said. "I think that the main point is that the end product here is going to be beneficial, but in the mean time it's going to be kind of rough."
Eric Morrison can be reached at _EMAIL_.
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_URL_ &-nz=&-tp=
This traditional Karakachan breed of sheep was once plentiful in Bulgaria. In the early 20th Century there were 500,000 and by the late 1950s, when farms were nationalized, the number had shrunk to 160,000. Today there are only about 400.
The sheep are small, about 57 cm (1.87 feet) at the withers, with short and thin tails. The wool is coarse and long - up to 40 cm (15,4 inches) and the color changes with age, becoming lighter. When young the animal is black, then brown, and ends up with almost grey fur. Sider and Atila Sedefchev from SEMPERVIVA - the Bulgarian nature protection organization that specializes in the conservation of endangered local breeds - started the project to save the Karakachan breed dog in 1992. It is one of the oldest European breeds in Europe and was used to guard livestock - mainly sheep - and protect them from wolves and bears in the high mountains. While searching for these dogs, the sheep were discovered, as well as a traditional breed of Karakachan horses. These workhorses are used to carry baggage, traveling the dangerously narrow and high rocky paths. The Karakachans, Balkan nomadic people who were livestock breeders, are thought to be descendants of the ancient Thracian livestock breeding communities located in the high mountains of Bulgaria.
Each sheep produces about 50-60 liters of milk per season. The milk is very rich (fat content of 6.5 to 8%) and high quality. About 20 kilos of white cheese, called Sirene, are made each day, 400 kilos each year. Yogurt, which originated in Bulgaria, is also made each day. The sheep are milked twice a day. The milk is immediately filtered through a cloth and rennet added (lamb or kid). A lid is placed on the container for about two-and-a-half hours as the curd forms. It is cut with a knife then left for another half hour. The young cheese is placed in a special fabric and then in a small cloth-lined wooden crate made from the wood of a Balkan endemic tree called Macedonian Pine. The cheese is covered with the fabric, the lid put on the crate, and something heavy, usually stones, is placed on top. The cheese is then left to dry for four-to-eight hours, depending on the weather.
When dry the cheese is firm to the touch. It is then cut into tile-size pieces (about 12 cm), salted with large-grained sea salt, stacked one on top of the other in large tin or plastic barrels and closed with a lid. The brine forms and the next days the barrel is opened and topped off with the whey mixed with salt. To make the traditional Bulgarian Yogurt - called Kiselo mleko - fresh milk is boiled, left to cool down to body temperature and then the original Lactobacillus bulgaricus is used.


text:
"The site was discovered by accident in the 1990s, when the University was planning to expand the former B1 parking lot" close to Jefferson Park Avenue, says University Landscape Architect Mary Hughes. What construction crews stumbled upon in 1993 was an archaeological treasure: a 19th-century family cemetery and house site belonging to a free black woman, Catherine "Kitty" Foster, and her descendants. The site, which sits between JPA and Venable Lane, will be preserved and commemorated as a one-acre public park close to the nearly completed South Lawn Project.
Kitty Foster, believed to be a seamstress and laundress for the then all-male University, purchased a 2 1/8 acre plot of land in 1833. The property remained in the family until 1906.
The Kitty Foster home and graveyard markers, which will be part of the South Lawn, is a "rare opportunity" to have an intact archaeological site, says UVA's Landscape Architect, "and it's just the tip of the iceberg. It tells us about African-American life in early Charlottesville."
Ben Ford began working on the site as a graduate student in the Department of Anthropology. Later, with fellow archeologist and UVA grad Steve Thompson, they formed Rivanna Archaeological Services, LLC, a consulting firm hired by the University to investigate the site and surrounding areas. "When the planning for the South Lawn Project became more of a reality, they wanted to know where they could build and where they couldn't build," says Ford. "In the course of the investigations, we found additional graves and that spawned another year or two of work." Ford says the graves totaled 32 from the initial count of 12 in 1993. "There are 32 individuals there, and that's a lot for one family," says Ford. "Now, the thinking is that perhaps the cemetery represents a community cemetery that may have had individuals buried there from a post-bellum community called Canada—and that's a direct reference to our neighbor to the North." Canada was a small community of free blacks, many of them employed by the University, which established itself to the north of Foster's home.
Among the artifacts found in the site were children's toys and work-related implements such as needles, buttons and scissors and domestic items. "Pieces of ceramics, a lot of glassware from local establishments, Chandler's Drug Store among others," says Ford. "It tells a little about the consumerism, how did a family of free blacks fit in with larger, white society and the economy that was going on."
The site is a "rare opportunity" to have an intact archaeological site, says Hughes, "and it's just the tip of the iceberg. It tells us about African-American life in early Charlottesville." Hence, the idea of making it the first monument to blacks on Grounds. "It is an opportunity not only for the University, but also for an opportunity for the whole community of Charlottesville. It was an important gesture to make," says Hughes.
It's all in the family: back row, far right is Theresa Foster, granddaughter of Kitty Foster. Front row, far left is Marie Spradling, daughter of Theresa Foster and front row, far right is Thomas William Spradling, husband of Theresa Foster.
Architecturally, the Foster site will have two main components. First, a shadow catcher: a steel structure the size and shape of the home foundations, which will cast a shadow on the ground of where the home once stood. The second component is the cemetery, outlined by a low stone or brick wall with an abstract pattern of slight depressions in the landscape over the graves, says Hughes.
Many support the design and the idea of incorporating the Foster site in the planning of the South Lawn Project. Dr. M. Rick Turner, retired UVA dean and current president of the local NAACP, says the park will be a vital contribution to the city's history. "I commend the University for doing that," he says. Professor Ervin Jordan, research archivist for the Special Collections Library and member of the Venable Lane Task Force, agrees. "I personally am very pleased by the fact that it is going to be commemorated in that fashion," he says, but adds that it is equally important to remember the larger Canada community. "If it wasn't for the discovery of the grave site of the Foster family, we might have forgotten that there was a community there."
Hughes says the park will be accessible once the South Lawn Project is completed in 2010.
C-VILLE welcomes news tips from readers. Send them to _EMAIL_.


How do the Federal Reserve's open market operations work to affect the economy?
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Open market operations work by affecting the supply of money that is available in the United States. This is one of the most important ways in which the Federal Reserve (the Fed) can carry out monetary policy.
Open market operations are the process in which the Fed buys and sells government securities. By doing so, it can inject money into the economy or it can take money out of the economy. When the economy is growing relatively slowly (as it is now) or when it is not growing at all, the Fed wants to inject money. If there is more money in the economy, there can be more lending and borrowing. This can lead to economic growth. That is why the Fed is currently buying large amounts of government securities. When it buys the securities, it gives money to the banks that had owned the securities. Thus, the banks have more money than they previously had and therefore can make more loans. If the Fed were concerned about inflation, it could do the opposite; it could sell securities, thus taking money away from the banks.
Open market operations work, then, by affecting the amount of money that is in the economy.
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Maggot farming is rapidly evolving from a simple hobby to a multi-million naira line of business, and entrepreneurs who are ready to pioneer the expansion of the new money making trend in Nigeria have the opportunity to make millions, according to experts.
Maggots come from flies. They are fly larvae, usually from the common housefly. When flies lay eggs, the eggs hatch into maggots before they metamorphoses into flies. Maggots are also called grubs and can grow between 4 to 12 mm in length depending on their stage of growth. Some maggot range from an off-white colour to a light brown, though some can be yellow or reddish colour.
We all know that animal feed cost is rising astronomically, and research has shown that maggots can be a good and suitable substitute for soybeans and fishmeal, which are core ingredients in animal feed. Maggots can be used to feed fish, poultry birds, ducks, pigs, ostrich, guinea fowl and other animals.
AgriProtein, a South African company, has pioneered maggot farming in Africa and they have set up the world's largest fly farm, propelling the use of insects as livestock feed beyond academic theory to a commercial venture where they extract maggots to produce feed. Through their efforts and those of several other participants in the new industry, South Africa no longer uses fishmeal to prepare feed for livestock because they have estimated that if they continue to catch fish from the sea, by 2020 or 2025, fishes may go into extinction as consumers' demand for livestock keep increasing.
At the recent first Insects to Feed World Conference, held in Wageningen, Netherlands, scientists revealed that insects promise to be an economically viable alternative source of high-quality livestock protein that leave a substantially smaller environmental footprint. They also emphasised the need to lessen the drain on the planet's resources by decreasing consumption of expensive and unsustainable animal protein feeds as the human population is growing.
But in Nigeria, the new business opportunity is yet to be explored as people are still doubting it. But the truth is that there is money in maggots farming and it needs a little capital of between N35,000 and N40,000 to start after receiving training from an expert. Today, one of the biggest challenges facing livestock farming is cost of feed, hence, the best alternative to cut cost is rearing of maggots to feed the poultry birds and animals.
Speaking with the press, Richard Agbugba of Waste2Wealth Initiatives, a division of Rina Ventures, in Abuja, said there is need for farmers to embrace maggot farming because it would remove about 75 per cent cost of production both in fish and poultry farming.
According to him, "there is money in maggots' farming because from Colorado to South Africa, the maggot market is heating up and helping solve the problem of ever soaring high cost of fish and soybean meals, which are the two most important ingredients in poultry, pork and fish feed production."
He added: "So instead of incurring these huge costs, some forward looking entrepreneurs are turning to maggot farming through a technically designed self-harvesting bin – no mess, no smell! In the maggot bin, female flies lay about 500 eggs apiece daily. This produces an army of hungry larvae that eat their way through mounds of food waste. And they do eat fast! 1kg of fly eggs produces 380kg of larvae protein in just three days!"
There is no way an entrepreneur can keep up with demand for maggots. For instance, a 25kg bag of poultry feed costs N4,000 or more. Imagine producing 5-10 bags of magmeal (maggot meal) for a start! Even if one decides to sell at N2,500 per bag knowing that the maggots cost nothing to produce, the person is heading towards making millions in a few months.
Even though the sight of maggots writhing through rotten food or decomposing animal may trigger revulsion, the money to be made from the business is quite handsome. Maggots are one of the stages of development of insects, and the new breakthrough could place it at a very important pedestal on the food chain – important enough to save the world!
Scientists note that maggot protein produce better weight gain and less gizzard erosion for poultry and fish. The feed from maggot is more nutritious and helps pigs and chickens grow faster and bigger, which is what is being explored now in South Africa. Other countries are even inviting South Africa to come and replicate what they have done in their country.
This knowledge is already quickly catching on in Nigeria, and a few organisations are benefiting from it. While it is simple to rear maggots, it is important to seek training opportunities to set up and manage the maggot farm efficiently, safely and profitably.


to list the tasks, but now we are using the form's input to get a task. The new handler is defined as a POST route, meaning that it only reacts to HTTP POST requests. So, we can define two handlers for the same route – '/' – but give different blocks of code based on the type of request.
When the form is submitted, it sets the value of params[:task] to whatever was entered in the form task text input. You can access any values set in forms by referencing the params hash in a similar way.
Go to http://localhost:4567/ and have a play around adding some tasks with the form. This is a start, but we can't create a list of tasks and there's certainly no way of completing and deleting them. We need a way of storing the tasks, and that is what we'll be covering in part 2!


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Russell Lake Animal Hospital Does Not Offer Declaw Surgery
Declawing is a series of bone amputations. Declawing is more accurately described by the term de-knuckling and is not merely the removal of the claws, as the term "declawing" implies. In humans, fingernails grow from the skin, but in animals that hunt prey, the claws grow from the bone; therefore, the last bone is amputated so the claw cannot re-grow. The last bone of each of the ten front toes of a cat's paw is amputated. Also, the tendons, nerves, and ligaments that enable normal function and movement of the paw are severed. An analogous procedure applied to humans would be cutting off each finger at the last joint.
Declawing, also known as onychectomy (än-ik-ek-tō-mē), is a major surgical and potentially crippling procedure that robs an animal of its primary means of defense. Declawed animals may be at increased risk of injury or death, if attacked by other animals. They are deprived of their normal, instinctual behavioral impulses to use their claws to climb, exercise, and mark territory with the scent glands in their paws.
While some felines will have immediate complications from the procedure, it may be many months or years before the damaging effects of declawing become obvious. Declawing may result in permanent lameness, arthritis, and other long-term complications.
Humane Alternatives to Declawing.
There are many options available to prevent cats from harming the furniture that do not involve surgery. These include training, nail trimming and nail caps. We would be delighted to have the opportunity to discuss them with you and find the best method that would fit you and your cat.
Family Members with Compromised Immunity
people with compromised immune systems do NOT need to declaw their cats. In fact, declawing cats to prevent human illness is not recommended by the Center for Disease Control, the US Public Health Service, the National Institutes of Health, or infectious diseases experts.
This information has been taken, with permission, from the Paw Project Website. More information can be found at _URL_


Innovation economics professor Knut Blind tells us why standards are key to surviving in a highly complex 21st-century global economy.
Innovation and standardization might seem polar opposites, but over many years various scholars have noted connections – very close ones, even – between the two. ISOfocus sat down with renowned researcher and professor Knut Blind to discuss the relationship – and "rules of the game" – and provide insights into how this knowledge can be useful to scholars, industrial strategists, policymakers and standards practitioners alike. What he says very much supports the notion that standardization and standards can be used to promote innovation. Here are a few highlights from the interview.
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bladder.
- High calcium content in the diet.
- Genitals injured.
- Blood clots.
- Disorder in reproductive organs, especially in unspayed female guinea pigs.
Guinea pigs show changes in physical activities before blood flows along with urine.
Observe if your guinea pig has a bloated abdomen and injury or swelling around the bladder. These are the symptoms of bladder stones.
The antibiotic course is usually suggested for treatment. The diagnosis will help us to determine the exact cause.
In severe cases, surgery is also done. Blood transfusion is done in rare instances when much blood is lost through urination.
Why does my guinea pig's urine smell so bad?
Guinea pig's urine left for some time starts giving a foul smell. That is because of the bacterial activity in the urine, which produces ammonia.
It can damage the inner lining of the nasal passage and cause respiratory infection in your pet if inhaled. The bad smell of urine does not mean that the guinea pig is ill.
The following steps can reduce the foul smell:
- Guinea pigs can be neutered/spayed as they produce less smelling urine.
- Litter trains your guinea pig. Put a litter box at the spot and reward your pet on performance.
- Place hay around the litter box as the guinea pig eats while urinating. Try to restrict the waste at one location.
- The litter tray should be cleaned once daily. The guinea pig won't if it smells terrible. Remove any urine-stained hay. Hutch need not be cleaned very often but check around the litter box.
- The litter tray can be cleaned with white vinegar. That helps to get rid of the foul smell and also clean the calcium residue. Wash the litter box to remove the traces of white vinegar.
Is guinea pig urine harmful to humans
Guinea pig's urine is not harmful to humans and is safe to handle. Its smell may be offensive. Still, it would be best if you were careful from a parasite found in the urine.
Encephalitozoon cuniculi or E. cuniculi is the bug found in most rodents' urine, including guinea pigs. This bug is less prevalent in guinea pigs. The infection is mostly subclinical but can be fatal if the pet is immunocompromised.
The parasite is transmitted through urine. Guinea pig's immune systems can fight this bug. It is thought that once infected, the guinea pig will be the lifelong carrier of the parasite.
Humans with low immunity are more susceptible to be infected by this disease. Children and elderly ones should be careful while handling guinea pig's urine.
Guinea pigs infected with Encephalitozoon cuniculi may appear healthy, but it may compromise their growth. Antibiotics are used for the treatment of the infection. It would be best if you were careful while cleaning the cage until the problem exists.
Check the pee of your pet, whether it is clear and fluid. You should handle cloudy or milky urine carefully. You should once consult your vet, and else it can be painful.
Source: MSD VET MANUAL, Sawneeanimalclinic, Urine sampling, ureteral obstruction in a pet guinea pig, Composition, and characteristics of urinary calculi from guinea pigs, Development of the urinary system in guinea pig females, Cystitis, urolithiasis and cystic calculi in aging guinea pigs.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Feminist interactions with GIS started in the 1990s in the form of strong critiques against GIS inspired by feminist and postpositivist theories. Those critiques mainly highlighted a supposed epistemological dissonance between GIS and feminist scholarship. GIS was accused of being shaped by positivist and masculinist epistemologies, especially due to its emphasis on vision as the principal way of knowing. In addition, feminist critiques claimed that GIS was largely incompatible with positionality and reflexivity, two core concepts of feminist theory. Feminist critiques of GIS also discussed power issues embedded in GIS practices, including the predominance of men in the early days of the GIS industry and the development of GIS practices for the military and surveillance purposes.
At the beginning of the 21st century, feminist geographers reexamined those critiques and argued against an inherent epistemological incompatibility between GIS methods and feminist scholarship. They advocated for a reappropriation of GIS by feminist scholars in the form of critical feminist GIS practices. The critical GIS perspective promotes an unorthodox, reconstructed, and emancipatory set of GIS practices by critiquing dominant approaches of knowledge production, implementing GIS in critically informed progressive social research, and developing postpositivist techniques of GIS. Inspired by those debates, feminist scholars did reclaim GIS and effectively developed feminist GIS practices.


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jōruriArticle Free Pass
jōruri, in Japanese literature and music, a type of chanted recitative that came to be used as a script in bunraku puppet drama. Its name derives from the Jōrurihime monogatari, a 15th-century romantic tale, the leading character of which is Lady Jōruri. At first it was chanted to the accompaniment of the four-string biwa (Japanese lute); with the introduction of the three-stringed, plucked samisen (or shamisen) from the Ryūkyū Islands in the 16th century, both the music and the scripts became more complex. When puppets were added at the end of the 16th century, the jōruri expanded to add a dramatic quality not present in the first simple recitatives. Themes of loyalty, vengeance, filial piety, love, and religious miracles were included; dialogue and descriptive commentary took an increasingly large role. The chanter was at first more important than the writer of the script, until the appearance of one of Japan's greatest playwrights, Chikamatsu Monzaemon, in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. A 30-year collaboration between Chikamatsu and the chanter Takemoto Gidayū (1651–1714) raised the puppet theatre to a high art. Gidayū himself became so famous that his style, gidayū-bushi ("Gidayū music"), became nearly synonymous with jōruri.
Jōruri are performed by one or more chanters (tayū). One of the world's most highly developed forms of narrative music, jōruri is still popular as music, even when separated from the stage.
What made you want to look up "joruri"? Please share what surprised you most...


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Original article by Architecture and Design can be found here
As the Australian construction industry continues its period of sustained growth, the demand for fast, efficient construction products and materials that don't compromise on performance or aesthetics is increasing. Architects and builders are searching for alternatives to conventional materials that respond to the unique demands of contemporary construction, including efficiency and fire performance.
In their new whitepaper, Fibre cement: The new choice for contemporary construction, fibre cement and lightweight composition specialists Cemintel outline how fibre cement can meet the requirements of contemporary façade construction.
The whitepaper begins with an explanation of fibre cement that includes its history and manufacturing process. It then proceeds to explore its key performance benefits: durability, fire performance, and thermal and acoustic insulation. Following this, the whitepaper shifts its focus toward the aesthetic benefits of fibre cement, which include design flexibility and a versatile aesthetic. To conclude, Cemintel highlights the compatibility of fibre cement with contemporary prefinished construction and present BareStone™, a prefinished fibre cement panel system for commercial and residential design.
A subdivision of CSR, one of Australia and New Zealand's most trusted building products companies, Cemintel is a leading provider of fibre cement products to the Australasian market. Across the region, the Cemintel name is synonymous with sustainability, innovation, and a seamless marriage of style and functionality.
To learn more about fibre cement and how it can be used to elevate your next façade project and meet stringent industry requirements, download Fibre cement: The new choice for contemporary construction.


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up to 12 inches long; yellowish-green to olive above and light below; chin barbels yellow
small fish, aquatic invertebrates
Stone cat is found commonly in swift-flowing streams and is quite common and widely distributed in the interior streams. It is taken occasionally in some of the natural lakes and in the Mississippi River.
The stone cat, together with the other madtoms, represents the smallest fishes in the catfish family. Body color of this fish is yellowish-green to olive above and light below. The premaxillary band of teeth, a padlike band on the upper jaw, is U-shaped, and the chin barbels are yellow. There are usually 16 rays in the anal fin. The fish has been known to reach a length of 12 inches, although it rarely exceeds 6 to 8 inches. Most fishermen seem to distinguish this species from the other catfishes, but some confuse them with the young of other species.
The stone cat spawns in spring and, like all catfishes, builds a nest and guards the eggs and young. Madtoms exhibit an affinity for nocturnal behavior and probably spawn in areas of darkness, such as under rocks or in bank hides. The stone cat is the largest of the madtoms and lays between 500 and 1,000 eggs at a time. Stone cats prefer stream riffle habitats, but they are also found under rocks or weedy shorelines of lakes and ponds.
Most food-habit studies of the stone cat found the diet consisted mostly of the immature stages of various riffle-dwelling insects, supplemented with an occasional darter or other small fish. Like most catfishes they are omnivorous and extremely adaptable in seeking food items in ponds and lakes.


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Population control is the process of improperly altering the growth rate of people by controlling the birth rate, which is often authorized by the government.
INTRODUCTION The global and domestic catastrophe caused by the rapid and seemingly uncontrollable spread of coronavirus is not only unprecedented in modern times, but also
INTRODUCTION Competition law regulates the anti-competitive behaviour of businesses to encourage and preserve market competition. Public and private enforcement are used to enforce the competition
INTRODUCTION Artificial Intelligence is aiding in the ultimate development of the society, and a multilateral and multi-disciplinary approach procedure guarantees that AI benefits everyone and


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The LabVIEW Enabled Watershed Assessment System (LEWAS) is a unique real-time water and weather monitoring system that has been developed as a result of several NSF grants (examples: NSF/DLR; NSF/TUES; NSF/REU Site) to enhance water sustainability education and research at Virginia Tech. LEWAS is installed at the outlet of Webb Branch on the VT campus just off of West Campus Drive, downstream of the Perry Street Parking lots and just upstream of the Duck Pond. LEWAS has sensors to measure water quality and quantity data including flow rate, depth, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and temperature. This data can be used as an indicator of stream health for an on-campus impaired stream in real-time. In addition, weather parameters (temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity and precipitation) are measured at the LEWAS outdoor site. All of these environmental parameters can be accessed by remote users in real-time through a web-based interface for education and research. LEWAS is solar powered and uses the campus wireless network through a high-gain antenna to transmit data to remote clients in real-time.
- The LEWAS Research Lab Team
Applications for 2014 Summer NSF/REU Program have been reviewed and successful candidates have been notified. Please note this program will be offered in 2015 and 2016 summer sessions too. Please contact Dr. Lohani (_EMAIL_) if you have questions.
A look inside the lab this week as Undergraduate John Purviance is researching and testing a Raspberry Pi's capability of collecting Flowtracker data.
The LEWAS Lab currently uses LabVIEW as the interface to run instruments, but we are always researching more efficient, better ways to run equipment and collect data.


00:00 in the caption file aligns with the first frame of your sequence, no matter what time code the sequence starts at, I.e. the caption file time codes are not linked to the sequence time codes. See this diagram for a visual explanation.
 If your FCP sequence starts at 00:59:50:00 and the first caption is supposed to appear at 01:00:01:00, the first caption time in MacCaption should be 00:00:11:00, because the caption appears 11:00 seconds after the first frame of the sequence. If you incorrectly set the caption time code at 01:00:01:00 in MacCaption, the first caption will not appear until 01:59:51:00!
 The easiest way to work around this issue is to make sure your proxy/reference movie (for time stamping) includes the whole sequence from the very first frame (including any leaders which are on the timeline), and that the Movie Time in MacCaption/CaptionMaker is set to start at 00:00:00:00. This will ensure that everything syncs up both in MacCaption and in FCP.
 Another way to work with this in MacCaption is to have your Movie Time start at the FCP sequence start time (e.g. 01:00:00:00), and also have the captions match up with this movie time (e.g. first dialog in movie is at 01:00:01:00, and the first caption is at 01:00:01:00). In this case, when you export the QuickTime CC track, you MUST enable the checkbox called "Use Movie Time to position captions at 00:00:00:00". That checkbox should always be checked if the captions are timed relative to the movie's time code track instead of relative to 00:00:00:00.
 Note that the FCP generated leader options in the Edit to Tape/Print to Video dialog (such as FCP's bars & tone, countdown, etc.) DO NOT count towards the sequence time code. The caption track will start when the actual sequence starts to play. However, any bars/leaders/etc. which are in the sequence DO count towards the sequence time code.
 One more note about FCP: If the caption file is shorter in duration than the sequence, FCP will start to loop the captions from the beginning when it reaches the end of the caption file. This sometimes shows up as the first captions from the start of the movie start playing during the ending credits or during the tail after the movie. If you did not caption anything during the credits, the last caption in your project ends before the FCP sequence does, so the captions start to loop. The solution is simple: The caption file must be longer (or at least just as long) as the FCP sequence. You can fix this by putting a blank caption at the end of your project, and make sure that blank caption's time is at or after the end of the FCP sequence.
 - My first caption was cut off or appears late.
 Pop-on captions need a few seconds to pre-load the data before the caption actually appears. If you have a caption that starts very close to the start of the program or a cut point, the data for that caption might get cut off and the caption won't appear. See the "lowest limit" feature in the manual for more information. The workaround is to either set the lowest limit, or make the first caption in paint-on mode (which requires far less time to pre-load a caption).
 - Transcription issues: How to do it, speech recognition options, etc.
 There is no special trick to transcription. It is by far the most time-consuming aspect of the closed captioning/subtitling process. But, there are methods that ensure that you are transcribing in the most efficient way possible. Below are a few methods to transcribe a video.
 Use a Video File
 If you are not already doing so, make sure that you are using a video file, and not videotape, as your video source. Trying to transcribe from a tape can wear out your tape deck, and you'll spend too much time starting and stopping the tape.
 USB Foot Pedal
 A very popular tool for transcribing is a USB Foot Pedal. The VPedal is a tool that allows you to control QuickTime, Windows Media Video, and a number of other types of digital media. You can start, stop, rewind, and fast-forward your digital video with your foot, while typing directly into your word processor. What makes the foot pedal method so efficient is that you never have to take your hands off the keyboard. Eventually, you're able to get into a rhythm with your hands and foot so that you are constantly typing.
 Speech Recognition Software
 Speech Recognition Software has advanced greatly in the past few years, and has become a reliable transcription tool. The transcription method using speech-recognition employs "shadow speaking", whereby the user repeats what he or she hears in the video into a microphone. Before you use any type of speech-recognition software, such as Dragon Naturally Speaking or MacSpeech, you'll need to train with the software. This usually consists of reading stories provided by the software. After you've read a story, the software analyzes your voice and compares it to the text in the story. You'll also need to practice the technique of shadow speaking, which isn't difficult but takes time to get good at.
 At this time, there is no technology that can reliably take a video or audio file and automatically transcribe all of the text without human intervention. Speaker-independent speech recognition systems typically achieve around 60-70% accuracy, whereas 90-95% accuracy is the minimum for closed captioning.
 Transcription Service
 Often, it is more cost-effective to simply pay a service to transcribe your material. Transcription is faster and much less expensive than farming out the whole captioning process, so you can still save time and money by doing the captioning steps in-house. There are many online services that allow you to upload an.mp3 and they will provide you with a text transcription within a day. Ideally, you should be able to find a local individual whom you can trust for quick and accurate transcription.
 - How do I monitor my HD captions?
 See this white paper about the different options for monitoring HD closed captions. Basically, you can't monitor HD captions via HDMI or component outputs. The only baseband HD video that carries closed captions is HD-SDI. Also, most devices (except for the Matrox MXO2 and AJA FS-1) do not preserve the captions when down-converting HD to SD. You need an HD-SDI device that can decode HD (CEA-708) captions. Not all monitoring devices follow the complete CEA-708 spec, so the captions may not always appear exactly as intended.
 - How do I down-convert HD video with captions to SD without losing the captions?
 Only a few hardware devices (such as the Matrox MXO2 and the AJA FS-1) can preserve the closed captioning when down/up-converting a video. For other devices, you must use a separate workflow or separate output step to create the SD video with closed captions. For example, if you have a HD sequence in FCP, you can render this into a SD sequence and then use the SD captioning workflow. Or, you can print to SD tape (taking advantage of hardware down-convert), then capture SD back in and caption it using the SD workflow.
 See the AJA / Blackmagic / Matrox workflow pages for more info.
 - My Sony HD deck won't record HD video with closed captions.
 By default, most Sony HD decks are factory set to not record VANC Line 9 where the HD closed captions are stored. You must go into the deck setup or maintenance menu and look for the "VANC Packet RX" setting. This should be set to: VANC Line 9, DID 61, SDID 01. The exact menu depends on your deck. See this page for some of the settings we know, or please contact Sony for more information.
 XDCAM EX (solid state) and HDV decks do not support closed captioning.
 - My.CAP file is not working.
 Several different kinds of files have the same extension of.CAP. If the file isn't working then you are probably trying to import or export the wrong type. If you drag & drop the file into the text area, the software will automatically determine the right file type to import.
 If you need to export a.cap but you don't know what kind, try to determine if the file is supposed to be a CaptionMaker project file (.cap), Cheetah caption file (.cap), or NCI caption file (.cap). There are some other rare.cap formats as well.
 CaptionMaker.cap files are opened/saved in CaptionMaker using the File > Open and Save commands, whereas the other types are imported/exported using the File > Import and Export commands.
 MacCaption cannot open CaptionMaker.cap project files, but it can open the other types of.cap files. To move projects between the two platforms, we recommend using the Ultech.ult import/export for caption files, or the DVDSP.stl import/export for subtitle files. So if you have a CaptionMaker.cap file, open it in CaptionMaker (you can use your MacCaption dongle to run CaptionMaker and vice versa), and then export the captions as a Ultech.ult file to import into MacCaption


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Phase 3 of the Champlain Sea is defined as the interval that followed the retreat of the Laurentide ice from the Saint-Narcisse Moraine. Events included are the retreat of ice from major valleys in the Laurentian Highlands, invasion of these by the Champlain Sea and regression of the Champlain Sea from its entire basin.
In the lower Saint-maurice Valley, post-Saint-Narcisse retreat of an active ice-front is recorded by the Cossetteville parallel ridges. Transverse ridges of the middle Saint-Maurice Valley and Lac du Missionnaire indicate the presence of an active ice-front in these valleys. Elsewhere, ice-frontal constructions and raised outwash trains were formed at the mouth of valleys, e.g. the proglacial delta perched at an altitude of 200m, at the mouth of Lac Mekinac.
The Champlain Sea extended into the Laurentian Highlands in the form of brackish or freshwater bodies considered as paramarine basins (Occhietti, 1977)
At the close of Phase #, considerable shoaling had already taken place and waters in the Champlain Sea basin turned fresh upstream of Quebec. (Elson, 1969) called this freshwater body Lake Lampsilis, "after a freshwater clam commonly found as a fossil near it's shores" (Elson,1969). Development of Lake Lampsilis in the basin was in conjunction with the time-transgressive retreat of the saltwater wedge. Surface waters had turned fresh in the lower reaches of the Ottawa Valley by about 10.3ka. Marine waters however continued to penetrate into the fresh waters of Lake Lampsilis until very late in the Quebec area, presumably because of strong tides. Retreat of the saltwater wedge, which marked the end of the Champlain Sea Phase 3, was diachronic at the scale of the basin; its age ranges from about 10ka in the Ottawa Valley to about 9.3ka in the vicinity of Quebec.


text:
This paper considers two strategies for undermining indispensability arguments for mathematical Platonism. We defend one strategy (the Trivial Strategy) against a criticism by Joseph Melia. In particular, we argue that the key example Melia uses against the Trivial Strategy fails. We then criticize Melia's chosen strategy (the Weaseling Strategy.) The Weaseling Strategy attempts to show that it is not always inconsistent or irrational knowingly to assert p and deny an implication of p. We argue that Melia's case for this strategy fails.
ASJC Scopus subject areas


text:
common name: goatweed butterfly, goatweed emperor, goatweed leafwing
scientific name: Anaea andria Scudder (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Charaxinae)
The goatweed butterfly is an attractive, fascinating and widespread species that is not often observed by the general public because of its cryptic coloration and somewhat spotty distribution within its range. Both larvae and adults are cryptically colored. Adults play dead when handled. This species provides dramatic examples of adaptive coloration and behavior to escape predators in both the larval and adult stages.
Figure 1. Summer form of adult female goatweed butterfly, Anaea andria Scudder. Photograph by Jerry F. Butler, University of Florida.
The goatweed butterfly is widely distributed throughout the southern Midwest and South ranging from West Virginia to Kansas and south to Texas and Central Florida.
The wingspread of goatweed butterflies is 6.0 to 7.6 cm with males being slightly smaller than females. The upper surface of the wings of adult goatweed butterflies exhibit sexual dimorphism in both shape and color. The wings of males are more or less uniformly orange brown with a dark margin. The wings of females have an irregular lighter submarginal band with broad darker margins. The apex of the forewing is hooked (falcate) and each hind wing bears a short, pointed, backward-projecting tail. Both sexes exhibit marked seasonal dimorphism in wing shape. In the summer forms, the forewing apex is less hooked and the hindwing tail is shorter than in the winter form. They also exhibit seasonal color dimorphism. Summer males are slightly less orange with a narrower marginal band. Summer females are lighter in color than winter females. The undersides of the wings mimic dead leaves and are similar in both sexes.
Both the appearance of the adult seasonal forms and reproductive diapause in the winter forms are controlled by responses of the larvae to photoperiod (daylength). Larvae exposed to short photoperiods during late summer and early fall produce winter form adults that are in reproductive diapause.
Figure 2. Summer form of male goatweed butterfly, Anaea andria Scudder. Photograph by Jerry F. Butler, University of Florida.
Figure 3. Resting goatweed butterfly, Anaea andria Scudder. Photograph by Jerry F. Butler, University of Florida.
Eggs are spherical and greenish-cream in color. Full-grown larvae are approximately 3.8 cm in length and are grey-green with many minute tubercles covering both the head and body. The head also has a small number of larger orange tubercles. The color and tuberculation of the larvae match the surface texture and appearance of twigs of some common host plants. Pupae are light green with darker green lines simulating a leaf-like texture. There is a small heavily sclerotized black anal ring just below (anterior to) the cremaster.
Figure 4. Egg of goatweed butterfly, Anaea andria Scudder. Photograph by Jerry F. Butler, University of Florida.
Figure 5. Full grown caterpillar of goatweed butterfly, Anaea andria Scudder. Photograph by Jerry F. Butler, University of Florida.
Figure 6. Pupa of goatweed butterfly, Anaea andria Scudder. Photograph by Jerry F. Butler, University of Florida.
The goatweed butterfly has two flights per year in the North with possibly three or four flights in parts of the South. Their flight is swift and erratic. Overwintering adults mate in the spring. Males wait for females in clearings or on ridge tops. Adults feed on sap flows, decaying fruits, and dung. Larval hosts for the goatweed butterfly are various species of plants in the genus Croton (Euphorbiaceae). A commonly used host-plant species in central Florida is silver croton, Croton argyranthemus Michx. a common inhabitant of long leaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) high pine communities. Goatweed butterflies are also found in other habitats - including open wooded areas, swamps, prairie groves and along streams.
First and second instar larvae eat the leaf blade away from the midrib and rest at the tip. They attach fecal pellets with silk to their backs and to the base of the leaf midrib - probably to repel ants and other predators. Older larvae fold and silk the sides of leaves together and hide inside with their heavily sclerotized heads blocking the entrance to the leaf roll.
Figure 7. Silver croton, Croton argyranthemus Michx., host for goatweed butterfly, Anaea andria Scudder. Photograph by Donald W. Hall, University of Florida.
Figure 8. Second instar larva of goatweed butterfly, Anaea andria Scudder, resting at tip of leaf midrib. Photograph by Jerry F. Butler, University of Florida.
Figure 9. Goatweed butterfly larvae (one on stem, one in leaf roll), Anaea andria Scudder. Photograph by Jerry F. Butler, University of Florida.
The pine sandhill and scrub habitats that support silver croton are rapidly diminishing in Florida because of development. It is expected that goatweed butterfly populations will continue to decline locally as a result of this urban encroachment.
- Daniels JC. 2000. Butterflies 1: Butterflies of the Southeast. UF/IFAS. Card Set. SP 273
- Harris L Jr. 1972. Butterflies of Georgia. University of Oklahoma Press. Norman, OK.
- Heitzman JR, Heitzman JE. 1987. Butterflies and Moths of Missouri. Missouri Department of Conservation. Jefferson City, MO.
- Iftner DC, Shuey JA, Calhoun JV. 1992. Butterflies and Skippers of Ohio. Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin New Series Vol. 9 No. 1.
- Medley JC, Fasulo TR. (2002). Florida Butterfly Tutorials. University of Florida/IFAS. CD-ROM. SW 155.
- Miller JY. 1992. The Common Names of North American Butterflies. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, D.C.
- Oppler PA, Krizek GO. 1984. Butterflies East of the Great Plains. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore, MD.
- Riley TJ. 1988. Effect of larval photoperiod on incidence of adult seasonal forms in Anaea andria (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 61: 224-227.
- Riley TJ. 1988. Effect of larval photoperiod on mating and reproductive diapause in seasonal forms of Anaea andria (Nymphalidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 42: 263-268.
- Scott JA. 1986. The Butterflies of North America. Stanford University Press. Stanford, CA.
- Schull EM. 1987. The Butterflies of Indiana. Indiana Academy of Science. Indianapolis, IN.


Planke | nemačko - engleski prevod
ženski rodgramatika
1. batten
ETYM French battant. Related to Batter.
1. Stick used to fix something in place, to hold it firm.
2. Slender stick inserted in the pocket of a sail to keep the sail flat against the wind.
2. board
Sinonimi: plank | gameboard | table
ETYM Old Eng. bord, AS. bord board, shipboard; akin to bred plank, Icel. borth board, side of a ship, Goth. fôtu-baurd footstool, Dutch bord board, German brett, bort. Related to def. 8.
(Homonym: bored).
1. A flat piece of material (usually wood) designed for a special purpose.
2. A stout length of sawn timber; made in a wide variety of sizes and used for many purposes; SYN. plank.
3. A flat portable surface (usually rectangular) designed for board games; SYN. gameboard.
4. A committee having supervisory powers.
5. Food or meals in general; SYN. table.
In NGO work, a group of officials or persons with standing in the commu-nity or field who are chosen to govern and assist with the development of an organization.
3. plank
ETYM Old Eng. planke, Old Fren. planque, planche, French planche, from Latin planca; cf. Greek plax, anything flat and broad. Related to Planch.
An endorsed policy in the platform of a political party.
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Planck | Polung
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Škole stranih jezika | Sudski tumači/prevodioci


text:
Christmas is a time of happiness and joy. However, some people may find it difficult to celebrate the holiday if their Christmas lights are going to keep flickering because of water damage. There are a few simple ways to keep your Christmas lights dry and avoid any potential damage. First, always make sure your Christmas lights are properly plugged into an outlet. Second, do not leave your Christmas lights up all night. Third, be careful when cleaning around your Christmas lights.
Benefits Of Keeping Christmas Light Plugs Dry
Keeping your Christmas light plugs dry can save you money in the long run. Not only will you avoid costly damage to your home, but you'll also be reducing the amount of energy that your lights are using. Here are some of the benefits of keeping your Christmas lights plugged into a dryer:
-You'll save money on repairs: If your Christmas lights are damaged by water, it's likely that you'll have to replace them. By keeping them plugged into a dryer, however, you can avoid this expense.
-Your holiday decor will last longer: Wet bulbs and cords can cause damage to CHRISTMAS TREE DECORATION, and they're not as festive as they could be.
Arrange Your Plugs So They Are In A Straight Line
Keeping your Christmas light plugs dry is important to prevent fires. Make sure the plug ends of your cords are in a straight line and not tangled. If you have multiple cords, try to group them together so they're not touching each other or the wall. When plugging in your lights, be sure to hold the cord close to the receptacle so water doesn't get inside and cause a fire.
Put Cardboard Or Paper Between The Two Prongs Of The Socket.
Dry Christmas light plugs can save you a lot of hassle this holiday season. By placing a piece of cardboard or paper between the plug and the light fixture, you can prevent water from getting into the electrical wiring and causing damage. If your Christmas lights start flickering or going out, using a dry plug may be all you need to solve the problem.
Keep Your Christmas Lights Away From Moisture
Keeping your Christmas lights away from moisture is important to keep them working properly. Moisture can cause electrical problems with your lights, and it can also cause them to break. If you live in a humid area, it's especially important to keep your lights dry. When storing your lights, make sure they're kept in a cool, dry place.
Place Water That Is Above Your Cord Level In A Container Or Bucket.
Keeping your Christmas lights plugged in during the dry winter months is important to avoid potential damage to your cords and light fixtures. Make sure to place any water that is above your cord level in a container or bucket, so it doesn't accumulate on the cord. If possible, try to keep the area around your cords clean and free of debris, so they'll stay healthy and not fray.
Use A Holiday-Themed Plug Cover To Keep Things Tidy
One of the best ways to keep Christmas lights plugged in and tidy is to use a holiday-themed plug cover. This way, all of the different light plugs will be easily identifiable, and no accidental disconnections will occur. When it comes to keeping Christmas lights plugged in, using a plug cover is one step that can make a big difference!
Tree Debris Away From The Christmas Light Plugs
Christmas is a season of joy and happiness. Spending time with family and loved ones is the best part of the holiday season. However, one thing that can ruin the fun is if your Christmas light cords get wet. The cords can become frayed, which can then lead to electrical shorts and even fire. To keep your Christmas light cords safe and dry, make sure to keep debris away from them. This means keeping tree branches and leaves away from the plugs, as well as any other objects that could fall on or near them.
Label Each Cord With A Piece Of Tape Or An Adhesive Label
Christmas is a time for family, friends, and celebration. Keeping the Christmas lights plugged in and dry is important to ensuring a festive mood. However, if left unplugged, even small pieces of dust can accumulate on the cords over time. This can create a fire hazard if the cord is pulled out while the light is still plugged in. To avoid this potential disaster, label each cord with an adhesive or tape label. This will keep the cords tidy and safe during the holiday season.
Don't Over-Dress Your Cords
Keeping Christmas light plugs dry can help prevent a power outage. Over-dressing cords can cause them to fray and break, weakening the electrical connection between the plug and the outlet. Instead of wearing bulky clothes that hide your cords, try using cord wrap or a holiday-themed cord holder.
Don't Overload Extension Cords
Whenever possible, try to avoid using extension cords. This is especially important during the holiday season when Wetlands and other water bodies are at their highest levels. extension cords can easily overload and cause a fire. Additionally, if plugs are left plugged in for long periods of time, they can overheat and start a fire.
Check Your Light Strings Every Few Days
Christmas is a time for family and friends to get together and celebrate. One way to make sure your Christmas light display looks its best is to check your strings every few days. If water or snow gets on the plug, it can cause the light to go out. By checking your strings regularly, you can avoid any issues and keep your display looking bright and beautiful!
It is important to keep Christmas light plugs dry to avoid potential electrical fires. This is especially important if your home has a lot of lights plugged in. Never use wet hands to plug in lights or extension cords, and be sure to have an emergency plan in place for any power outages. Finally, always wear safety gloves when working with electricity.


text:
Can I use V-LFP batteries for hexacopter?
What are V-LFP batteries? Do you mean lithium iron phosphate batteries (LiFePO4 batteries)? I don't think I've seen LiFePO4 batteries referred to as V-LFP batteries before.
LiFePO4 batteries have some pretty cool properties and it would be nice if they could be used in UAVs. After investigating this a bit, I think I've come across a few problems when using LiFePO4 batteries in UAVs.
- (Probably the biggest.) LiFePO4 batteries have a lower energy density than Li-Ion or LiPo batteries. You'll have reduced flight times when using LiFePO4 batteries compared to LiPo batteries.
- LiFePO4 batteries generally can't produce the same about of current as LiPo batteries. LiFePO4 batteries have a lower "C" rating than their LiPo conterparts.
- Another issue with LiFePO4 batteries is keeping track of how much charge you have left. LiFePO4 batteries don't have the same discharge curve as LiPo batteries. You need to monitor the current when using LiFePO4 cells to compute how much power has been used. You can't simply measure the voltage of LiFePO4 batteries to get an idea of how much power you have remaining.
It might be possible to use LiFePO4 batteries in an airplane which doesn't draw a lot of current but I think the C ratings on LiFePO4 batteries would make them inappropriate for quadcopters or hexacopters.
If you're not asking about LiFePO4 batteries, then what sort of batteries are V-LFP batteries?
There has been a mistake. I was talking about LiFePO4 batteries. Thank you for the information.
They're interesting batteries. I'd really like to use them to power UAVs myself but as I mentioned before, I think the batteries would only work well in a low current application such as a long range airplane.
LiFePO4 batteries would probably be a good solution for a lot of land based robots. I purchased a bunch of 32700 cells which I hope to use in a rover. I might try using them to power an airplane.
I'm waiting for your results if you try
I'll try to remember to post an update here when/if I get around to doing this.
I'm by no means an expert on the subject of these batteries but based on a few videos I've watched, I believe these require specialized charging circuits.
I purchased two of the "4-6S NCM LFP LTO" boards from this seller:
Apparently these balancers don't don't waste as much power as other balancing boards.


L. Sempronius Atratinus Augur of the Roman Republic from 39 BC to 39 BC.
Lucius Sempronius Atratinus was a Roman politician who was elected suffect consul in 34 BC. He struck coins c. 39 BC as Augur and jointly with Marcus Antonius.
At some point prior to the Battle of Actium, Atratinus abandoned Antony and switched his support to Octavianus. He was made proconsular governor of Africa around 23 BC, and was awarded a triumph for his actions there in 21 BC.
L. Sempronius Atratinus
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text:
How to Verify Identity on Cash App?
Before you can use a Cash App, you need to verify your identity. You can do this by taking a picture of a government-issued ID card. Then, you should read the app's terms and conditions. It will then verify Cash App account within two to three days. Once it's verified, you can use the Cash App to make cash transfers.
Another reason why you should verify your identity on Cash App is to prevent fraud. Fraudsters often use the Social Security Number of someone else. This can compromise your sensitive information. Make sure you only use a genuine SSN. If you cannot provide a valid SSN, you can still verify your identity with a driving licence or other ID.
The first thing you need to do before using Cash App is to verify your identity. This will prevent you from receiving money from unverified users.
The verification process will also prevent you from sending money to unverified users. However, you should be aware of the reasons why this verification process may fail.
For example, you may be under 18, or your scanned ID may not be valid. You can call the Cash App Support Number for assistance in these cases.


text:
Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (Denmark)
At present, Dr. Brainin is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Copenhagen University and Cardiovascular Non-Invasive Imaging Research Laboratory. He mentors several medical- and PhD students in conducting clinical research. His interests are primarily based on exploring novel aspects of cardiovascular imaging and how deformational patterns impact outcome. His aims are to improve diagnosis and prevent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Dr. Brainin is also investigating links between infectious diseases and cardiovascular disease, specifically he is involved elucidating relationships between tropical diseases and cardiovascular disorders in a multinational collaboration based in Brazil. Currently, he is also conducting studies using nationwide Danish registries.


Abstract
Vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy has been used in conjunction with dynamic surface tension measurements to study formation of a 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-phosphatidylcholine (DLPC) monolayer at a water–carbon tetrachloride interface. Surface tension measurements show that an aqueous solution of liquid crystalline phosphocholine vesicles (4.5 μM DLPC) requires several hours to form a tightly packed, fully equilibrated monolayer of DLPC monomers. Vibrational spectra of the interfacial region at different stages in the monolayer formation process indicate that the solvent structure undergoes dramatic re-organization as the monolayer forms. Initial adsorption of DLPC monomers severely disrupts the interfacial hydrogen bonding. Intensity in the OH stretching region oscillates in a systematic fashion during the first 2 h of monolayer formation before finally settling to a level characteristic of the fully equilibrated monolayer. Frequency shifts of the OH stretching vibration show that water molecules with their C2 axes aligned parallel to the interface experience a markedly different environment than those water molecules aligned perpendicular to the interface. This difference is attributed to the effect of the adsorbed, zwitterionic DLPC head-groups which, if aligned parallel to the interface, can stabilize in-plane water molecules.
Disciplines
Biochemistry | Chemistry
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Artifact Registry is the recommended service for managing container images. Container Registry is still supported but will only receive critical security fixes. Learn about transitioning to Artifact Registry.
Enabling and disabling the service
This page describes the steps to enable and disable Container Registry.
See Pricing for information about charges for Container Registry.
See the Container Analysis documentation for information about enabling Container Analysis APIs and pricing for vulnerability scanning.
Enabling service
 Go to project selector
 4. Install and initialize Cloud SDK if it is not already installed. To update an existing installation, run the command gcloud components update.
 5. Enable the API from Cloud Console or with the following gcloud command:
 gcloud services enable
Disabling service
To disable the API from the Cloud Console:
 1. Go to the API Overview page for Container Registry.
 2. Select the project where the API is enabled.
 3. Click Manage.
 4. Click Disable API.
Run the following command to disable the API for your current project:
gcloud services disable
What's next


Toyota 4Runner manuals
Toyota 4Runner: Cellular Phone Inspection
CAUTION / NOTICE / HINT
HINT:
If the operation of a cellular phone or the navigation receiver assembly is requested, make sure to follow the instructions closely and perform the operation.
PROCEDURE
1.
CHECK USAGE CONDITION
(a) Check that the vehicle and cellular phone meet the following conditions:
HINT:
If changing cellular phone settings, updating software, etc. is necessary, make sure to obtain the permission of the customer before performing it.
 - The cellular phone is "Bluetooth" compatible (Refer to _URL_
 - The cellular phone is registered as a hands-free device.
 - "Bluetooth" setting of the cellular phone is on.
 - Operating system and software of the cellular phone are the latest versions.
 - There are no other radio wave emitting devices ("Wi-Fi" communication device, etc.) in the cabin.
(b) Connect the cellular phone to the in-vehicle device and check that it is connected correctly.
OK:
The cellular phone is connected correctly.
OK
END (USAGE CONDITIONS DEFECTIVE)
NG
2.
RESTART CELLULAR PHONE
(a) Restart the cellular phone.
(b) Turn the ignition switch off.
(c) Turn the ignition switch to ACC.
(d) Connect the cellular phone to the in-vehicle device and check that it is connected correctly.
OK:
The cellular phone is connected correctly.
OK
END (TEMPORARY MALFUNCTION WITH "Bluetooth" OF CELLULAR PHONE)
NG
3.
REGISTRATION AGAIN
(a) Check if the in-vehicle device can be recognized by the cellular phone.
OK:
The cellular phone is connected correctly.
NG
GO TO STEP 5
OK
4.
REGISTRATION AGAIN
(a) Clear all "Bluetooth" devices registered to the cellular phone and navigation receiver assembly.
(b) Register the cellular phone again.
(c) Connect the cellular phone to the in-vehicle device and check that it is connected correctly.
OK:
The cellular phone is connected correctly.
OK
END (TEMPORARY MALFUNCTION WITH "Bluetooth")
NG
GO TO STEP 6
5.
CHECK USING ANOTHER VEHICLE
(a) Check if the customer's cellular phone functions normally using another "Bluetooth" compatible vehicle.
HINT:
 - Make sure to obtain the customer's permission to perform this procedure.
 - After the inspection, clear the registered information and usage history acquired during the inspection.
OK:
The cellular phone is connected correctly.
OK
PROCEED TO NEXT SUSPECTED AREA SHOWN IN PROBLEM SYMPTOMS TABLE
NG
CHECK USING ANOTHER CELLULAR PHONE
6.
CHECK USING ANOTHER CELLULAR PHONE
(a) Check if the system functions normally using another "Bluetooth" compatible cellular phone.
HINT:
 - Make sure to obtain the customer's permission to perform this procedure.
 - After the inspection, clear the registered information and usage history acquired during the inspection.
OK:
The cellular phone is connected correctly.
OK
END (ONLY A "Bluetooth" COMPATIBLE CELLULAR PHONE CAN BE USED)
NG
PROCEED TO NEXT SUSPECTED AREA SHOWN IN PROBLEM SYMPTOMS TABLE
Cellular Phone Registration Failure
CAUTION / NOTICE / HINT NOTICE: After replacing the navigation receiver assembly of vehicles subscribed to pay-type satellite radio broadcasts, XM radio ID registration is necessary. HINT: If th ...
Confirm Cellular Phone Functionality
PROCEDURE 1. CHECK THE CUSTOMER'S CELLULAR PHONE COMPATIBILITY (a) Go to TIS "Bluetooth" Compatibility Portal and check if the cellular phone is compa ...
Other materials about Toyota 4Runner:
Precaution
PRECAUTION 1. IGNITION SWITCH EXPRESSION HINT: The type of ignition switch used on this model differs according to the specifications of the vehicle. The expressions listed in the table below are used in this section. Expression Ign ...
Customize Parameters
CUSTOMIZE PARAMETERS 1. CUSTOMIZING FUNCTION WITH TECHSTREAM NOTICE: When the customer requests a change in a function, first make sure that the function can be customized. Record the current settings before customizing. When troubleshoo ...
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text:
A rendezvous protocol is a computer network protocol that enables resources or p2p network peers to find each other. Rendezvous protocol uses handshaking model unlike eager protocol which directly copy the data.
Because of firewall network address translation issues, rendezvous protocols generally require that there be at least one unblocked and un-NATed servers that lets the peers locate each other and initiate concurrent packets at each other.
|This Internet-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|
|This network-related software article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


text:
- Citrus: 75-100 g/hL
- Horticultural crops: 75-100 g/hL
- Ornamental crops: 75-100 g/hL
- Fruit trees: 75-100 g/hL
- Olive tree: 75-100 g/L
- Vineyard: 75-100 g/hL
- Citrus: 2-10 kg/ha
- Horticultural crops: 2-10 kg/ha
- Ornamental crops: 2-10 kg/ha
- Fruit trees: 2-10 kg/ha
- Olive tree: 2-10 kg/ha
- Vineyard: 2-10 kg/ha
- 15-20 g/1000 L of solution (1-2 ppm of Fe in dropper).
- Fruit trees: Apply before new sprouting.
- Vegetables and ornamental crops: Apply from the beginning of the crop or after the transplant during the whole cycle.
Note: The recommended doses, here detailed, are indicative. Only the user can increase or reduce them according to the plant's vegetative stage and the kind of soil.
IRONFEED 13 is compatible with most of the fertilizers and phytosanitary products commonly used in agriculture. It is not recommended to be mixed with highly alkaline substances, Sulphur, Copper and mineral oils. Anyway, it is recommended carrying out compatibility tests before its application. To be used only in case of recognized need and do not exceed the recommended dosages.
- Maximum impact against ferric chlorosis.
- Iron is essential for the biochemical processes.
1 kg, 5 kg