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Terms Of Use
Terms Of Use
In these terms :
 1. a) 'Applicant' means anyone who is referred or about whom information is supplied to a Client. It includes someone who may have been known or referred to that Client before Instructions are given or the Introduction made.
 2. b) 'Client' means the person or persons to whom an Introduction is made. It includes anyone who asks DMA for an Introduction, gives Instructions or interviews and Applicant on behalf of a Client ('Client Intermediary')
 3. c) 'Engagement' means any contract under which (directly or indirectly) the Applicant agrees to provide services to or for the Client or at the Client's direction.
 4. d) 'Fee' means a sum equivalent to a percentage of the remuneration package, calculated at the rates set out in the 'Introduction Fees' document provided. It includes any additional fees that may have to be charged under Clauses 6 b) 2 and 4. The fee is exclusive of any VAT, which must be paid by the Client at the prevailing rate.
 5. e) 'Instructions' means information about the Engagement, the remuneration package or the Client's requirements concerning an Applicant's qualifications or experience.
f ) 'Introduction' means the referral of an Applicant or the provision of any information about an Applicant to a Client by DMA or any associate, subsidiary or agent of DMA.
 1. g) 'Losses' means any kind of loss, cost, expense, charge, damage, liability or claim whatsoever other than liability for death or personal injury caused by negligence.
 2. h) 'Remuneration package' means the total amount, before the deduction of tax, of the salary, fees, profit share or equivalent remuneration and all commissions, bonuses, allowances (including car allowances) and benefits of any kind in respect to the first year of the Engagement.
 1. a) All Instructions are accepted and every Introduction is made subject to these terms. An Introduction is made when a referral or any information about the Applicant arrives at the Client's office or is communicated to the Client intermediary, whichever is the earlier event.
 2. b) Giving instructions, arranging an interview with or requesting further information about or from the Applicant, is acceptance or and agreement to these terms by the Client.
 3. c) These terms are paramount. They prevail over any other terms or conditions which may conflict with their provisions or, but for this term, may have been incorporated into any agreement between DMA and the Client.
 1. a) An Introduction, and any information about an Applicant, is provided to the Client in strict confidence and for the purpose of considering whether it wishes to engage that Applicant. The Client must not disclose an Introduction or any information about an Applicant to anyone else. In particular, the Client must not approach an Applicant's current employer until the Client has made an offer of Engagement to that Applicant and has the Applicant's permission to do so.
 2. b) The Client must not re-introduce an Applicant to anyone else. If, within twelve months of the Introduction it does so, and this leads to a contract equivalent to an Engagement with someone other than the Client, the Client must pay the Fee as if there had been an Engagement under these terms (except that Clause 7 a will not apply), unless that other person pays DMA a sum equivalent to the Fee.
 1. a) DMA will use the due skill and care in locating and introducing Applicants. Beyond that, no other term or condition is to be implied concerning DMA's services. In particular, DMA does not warrant or make any representations about the suitability of, or the accuracy of any information concerning an Applicant (as this information comes from the Applicant or other sources outside DMA's control) and none is to be implied from anything DMA may undertake or provide.
 2. b) Any decision to proceed with an Introduction, enter into an Engagement or incur any expense is a matter for the Client. The Client agrees that the responsibility for assessing and ensuring an Applicant's suitability for an Engagement, including taking up or confirming references, educational background, medical history, or obtaining any work and other permits and assessing or confirming qualifications, remains with the Client at all times. The Client is strongly advised by DMA to, and agrees to, take any of the steps referred to before offering or entering in an Engagement.
 3. c) DMA, its subsidiaries, associates, staff and agents (for whom DMA acts for the purpose of this and the following provision) shall not be liable, on any basis, for any Losses arising from, caused by or connected with DMA's taking the Client's Instruction, the Introduction, the acts or omissions of an Applicant or an Engagement, even if an Applicant acts or has acted negligently, dishonestly or fraudulently.
 4. d) However, if despite the previous provision, a Court determines that, for any reason and on any basis, DMA or any of its subsidiaries, associates, staff or agents is liable to the Client for any Losses, their aggregate liability shall be limited to the Fee actually paid by the Client.
 1. a) The Client agrees
 2. To give DMA the Instructions it may require from time to time to assist it in locating and introducing Applicants.
 3. To act promptly, reasonably and in good faith (including not applying any discriminatory standards or practices) when deciding whether it wishes to engage an Applicant.
 4. Not to prevent or impede DMA from making an Introduction or otherwise earning and receiving the Fee in any way.
 5. To indemnify DMA against Losses it incurs as a result of the Client's delay in giving, changes in or failure to give adequate Instructions, or any breach of these terms by, or the negligence or other wrongful act, omission or statement of the Client.
 6. b) The Client intermediary warrants that he or she is duly authorised to agree these terms on behalf of the Client, give instructions and act for the Client in matters concerning the Introduction and Engagement.
The fee and all other payments must be made as follows:
 1. a) The Fee becomes payable by the Client if an Applicant accepts any offer of Engagement at any time within twelve months of the Introduction being made. However, a Fee is not payable if an Applicant accepts an offer but fails to commence the Engagement through no fault of the Client.
 2. b) The Client must:
 3. Notify DMA immediately an Applicant is offered an Engagement and provide full details of the remuneration package (and copies of any relevant contract and other documents if DMA so requests) and when a commencement date for the Engagement is agreed.
 4. Update DMA immediately if there is any change in the offered or agreed remuneration package or the commencement date. DMA reserves the right to adjust the Fee or require the payment of an additional fee if there is a change.
 5. Pay the Fee within 30 days of the Applicant's acceptance of an offer of Engagement, or within 14 days of the commencement of the Engagement, whichever is the earlier ('the payment date').
 6. If asked to do so, provide DMA with full details of the remuneration package actually received by or paid to the benefit of the Applicant for the first year of his or her Engagement (and copies of any relevant contract and other documents if DMA so requests). DMA reserves the right to charge an additional fee on the difference between the remuneration package and actually received (if it is higher) and thta used for the calculation of the Fee.
 7. c) DMA will calculate and invoice the Client for the Fee and for any other sum payable by the Client under these terms. Unless there is an obvious error in any calculation shown on any invoice, the invoiced sum will be final and binding as the sum due from the Client. It is absolutely essential that the Fee and any other invoiced sum is paid, without deduction, by the payment date or, if for any reason it is issued later that the payment date, within 15 days from the date of any invoice.
 8. d) The Client must not make any deduction from, or assert or exercise any set-off, lien or other right or claim against the Fee, any other invoiced sum or any interest that may become payable under clauses 6 e)1.
 9. e) If the Fee or any other invoiced sum is not paid within the time specified in Clause 6 c) ('the due date') and in full, then
 10. Interest shall be paid on any outstanding balance, for the first 30 days, at the rate of 5% above, and thereafter, at the rate of 8% above the Midland Bank's (or its successor's) prevailing base lending rate, that interest accruing daily from the due date until payment (whether before or after judgement) and, while any part of the balance or interest remains outstanding.
 11. DMA may give notice to the Client terminating or, at its option, suspending, in either case with immediate effect, its performance of and any of its obligations under this and any other agreement then in force between itself and the Client, until the outstanding balance and any interest has been paid in full. DMA will not incur any liability, upon any basis or for any reason, for any Losses resulting from, and the Client will indemnify DMA against any Losses it incurs as a result of, any termination or suspension. A termination or suspension will not release the Client


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Sustainable Development in Practice: Case Studies for Engineers and Scientists
2 Rev ed
Wiley-Blackwell (an imprint of John Wiley & Sons Ltd)
1 Jan 2011
Sustainable Development in Practice: Case Studies for Engineers and Scientists, Second Edition explores the concept of sustainable development and its implications for science and engineering. It looks at how sustainability criteria can be combined with traditional scientific and engineering considerations to design and operate industrial systems in a more sustainable manner. Taking a life cycle approach to addressing economic, environmental and social issues, the book presents a series of new practical case studies drawn from a range of sectors, including mining, energy, food, buildings, transport, waste, and health. Written in an accessible style, the book opens with a general introduction to the concept of sustainable development and explores its practical implications for technical experts. Recognising that practical application of sustainable development depends on the context, the second part of the book is devoted to case studies. The case studies explore scientific and technical aspects alongside relevant environmental economic and social issues. The key features of this completely revised and updated second edition include: * Twelve new chapters, including the case studies on nuclear energy, biofuels, aviation, buildings, urban transport, food, sanitation and health. * Six completely revised chapters * Coverage of a wide range of sustainability issues in both developed and developing countries * Integration of scientific and technical aspects with economic, environmental and social considerations * Discussion of policy implications * Communication with the non-engaging and non-scientific audience Considered essential reading for all engineers and scientists concerned with sustainable development, Sustainable Development in Practice: Case Studies for Engineers and Scientists, Second Edition also provides key reading and learning materials for undergraduate and postgraduate science and engineering students.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Investigation of emission factors of non-methane hydrocarbons some widely used passenger cars in Turkey
Download
2004
Önoğlu, İrem
The objectives of this study are to measure the non-methane volatile organic carbon (NMVOC's) emissions from passenger cars in Turkey having gasoline engines, to determine emission factors of these vehicles for BTEX compounds and comparison of emission factors obtained in this study with the emission factors of the other countries. This study was conducted in two parts: The first part was to determine the categories of passenger cars widely used in Turkey, and also to determine the average carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions at idle condition for these car types based on the exhaust emission measurements of Ankara Çevre Koruma Vakfi (ANÇEVA). The second part of the study was to analyze the gas composition of exhaust gasses at different road conditions for BTEX components by using gas chromatography. The results of the study have shown that the cars named under ءءTofas̕̕ constitute 31.5% and ءءFiat̕̕ 13.1% of the total cars in Turkey and they are manufactured by the same company. Therefore, studies have been performed with ءءTofas/Fiat̕̕ cars. The highest emission factors among hydrocarbons investigated in this study were found for toluene and m-xylene. Generally, as driving speed increases the emissions of HC̕s are found to decrease in concentration. It was interesting to note that the highest emissions occur at 30 km/hr speed which is the mostly used speed in crowded streets and busy intersections. Therefore, it was concluded that it is very important to take measures for emissions in the city traffic. Cold start emissions were also found to be higher than the hot start emissions.
Suggestions
Investigation of non-methane volatile organic carbon emissions from interior materials used in the intercity buses
Görmez, Baran; Atımtay, Aysel; Department of Environmental Engineering (2004)
The objectives of this study are to determine the non-methane volatile organic carbon emissions from the parts used in the interiors of buses at different temperatures and to analyze the components of these emissions. The total non-methane volatile organic carbon (NMVOC) concentrations in various sections of a bus were measured in order to determine the indoor air pollution in the bus. Different samples of the materials used in the interior parts of the buses were provided by the manufacturing company and t...
Investigation of emission and combustion kinetics of waste wood samples with thermal and spectral methods
Yorulmaz (Yurdakul), Sema; Atımtay, Aysel; Department of Environmental Engineering (2006)
The mechanisms and kinetics of combustion of waste wood as well as the phases during combustion processes are important to eliminate these wastes without any possible damage to environment. In the present study, combustion mechanisms, activation energy and pre-exponential constants, and phases of combustion were investigated for untreated natural pine and treated Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF), plywood and particleboard samples that involve some chemicals and additives. Waste wood samples were heated in ai...
Screening and In Situ Monitoring of Potential Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degraders in Contaminated Surface Water
İçgen, Bülent (Wiley, 2017-01-01)
Incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and other anthropogenic activities result in contamination of surface water by petroleum hydrocarbons. These pollutants can have severe effects on aquatic life and human health. In petroleum bioremediation, oil degrading microorganisms are utilized to remove petroleum hydrocarbons from polluted water. However, monitoring and identifying microorganisms capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbons is very challenging. In the current study, bacteria isolated from a river al...
Identification of waste management strategies and waste generation factors for thermal power plant sector wastes in Turkey
Demir, Cansu; Yetiş, Ülkü; Ünlü, Kahraman (SAGE Publications, 2019-03-01)
Thermal power plants are of great environmental importance in terms of the huge amounts of wastes that they produce. Although there are process-wise differences among these energy production systems, they all depend on the logic of burning out a fuel and obtaining thermal energy to rotate the turbines. Depending on the process modification and the type of fuel burned, the wastes produced in each step of the overall process may change. In this study, the most expected process and non-process wastes stemming ...
Investigation of Turkey's carbon dioxide problem by numerical modeling
Can, Ali; Tokdemir, Turgut; Department of Engineering Sciences (2006)
CO2 emission is very important, because it is responsible for about 60% of the "Greenhouse Effect". The major objectives of this study were to prepare a CO2 emission inventory of Turkey based on districts and provinces by using the fuel consumption data with respect to its sources, to find the CO2 uptake rate of forests in Turkey based on provinces and districts, and to estimate the ground level concentration of CO2 across Turkey using U.S. EPA's ISCLT3 model for the preparation of ground level concentratio...
Citation Formats
İ. Önoğlu, "Investigation of emission factors of non-methane hydrocarbons some widely used passenger cars in Turkey," M.S. - Master of Science, Middle East Technical University, 2004.


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Average Sunshine in Alberta for February
The tables below give February averages for the number of sunny days and hours of sunshine at cities and towns in Alberta.
Each place has three measures of sunshine. The number for % Sun is the usual percentage of daylight hours with bright sunshine. Hours gives the total hours of bright sunshine that's normal this month. Days statistics are for the typical number of days in February with any amount of measurable sunshine. All the data are averages for the years 1971 to 2000.
Environment Canada. National Climate Data and Information Archive. Canadian Climate Normals or Averages _PHONE_.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Introduction to Wireless Localization: With iPhone SDK Examples
May 2012, Wiley-IEEE Press
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the entire landscape of both outdoor and indoor wireless positioning, and guides the reader step by step in the implementation of wireless positioning applications on the iPhone. Explanations of fundamental positioning techniques are given throughout the text, along with many programming examples, providing the reader with an independent, practical, and enjoyable learning of the material while gaining a real feel for the subject.
- Provides an accessible introduction to positioning technologies such as Global Positioning System and Wi-Fi positioning
- Presents hands-on skills to iOS 5.0 programming for location-aware applications
- Gives a thorough grounding in signal propagation, line-of-sight and interference effects for accurate positioning
- Covers the location-aware video streaming and conferencing with practical iPhone application examples
- Accompanied by a website containing programming code described in the text and lecture presentation slides for instructors
This book is primarily intended for anyone who wants to study wireless localization. It is an ideal textbook for graduate students who are first learning localization techniques, as well as advanced undergraduates in computer science interested in translating localization concepts into real code. Professionals, engineers and researchers working in location-aware services and related techniques using mobile positioning and AI technologies will find this book to be a helpful reference.
Companion website for the book:


A Peter, Paul and Mary song about the loss of childhood innocence, not drugs as urban legends have often asserted. The most common variant of the story is that the song refers to marijuana, supposedly because of the following things in the lyrics:
 - "Puff" is a smoking reference
 - "magic" means that something more interesting than ordinary tobacco is being smoked
 - "dragon" = "drag in" or inhale
 - the name of "Jackie Paper" refers to rolling papers
 - "autumn mist" is supposed to be either clouds of smoke or the fog of the drug user's mind
 - "the land of Honah Lee" is supposed to be a village in Hawaii, called Hanalei, where particularly strong marijuana was grown
Other versions of the story include the interpretation of "sea" as "C" for "cocaine" and the idea that "Honah Lee" is some sort of slang for heroin.
The song's lyrics are based on a poem by Leonard "Lenny" Lipton, a college friend of Peter Yarrow, the "Peter" of Peter, Paul and Mary. Lipton was inspired in 1959 by the Ogden Nash poem "The Tale of Custard the Dragon" to write his own poem featuring a dragon. He has pointed out that in 1959, drugs were unknown at Cornell, the institution they attended. Yarrow is supposed to have found Lipton's poem in his apartment's typewriter and written a tune for it, along with making some additions during the adaptation. Both authors are adamant that the song is about the loss of childhood innocence and not drugs.
Peter, Paul and Mary's version was number 2 on the U.S. pop charts in 1963. It was some time later that the rumor became well-known, possibly originating but at least being spread by an article in Newsweek magazine about coded drug references in songs. (Different sources give this article as being anywhere from 1965 to 1967.) Yarrow says he was later told that reporters for the magazine had said they purposely made up the drug references for "Puff" as the most innocuous possible song, and one has since apologized to him. Because the song's biggest popularity had passed before the article, it did not suffer the radio bannings that songs like the Byrds' "Eight Miles High" did when they were current. But the story lived; even the 2000 movie "Meet the Parents" refers to it.
Peter, Paul and Mary have been known to poke fun at the story by performing "The Star-Spangled Banner" in concert with pauses to explain how the U.S. national anthem can also contain drug references if you interpret it that way.
Puff the magic dragon lived by the sea
And frolicked in the autumn mist in a land called Honah Lee
Little Jackie Paper loved that rascal Puff,
And brought him strings and sealing wax and other fancy stuff, oh!
Puff the magic dragon lived by the sea
And frolicked in the autumn mist in a land called Honah Lee
Puff the magic dragon lived by the sea
And frolicked in the autumn mist in a land called Honah Lee
Together they would travel on a boat with billowed sail
Jackie kept a lookout perched on Puff's gigantic tail
Noble kings and princes would bow whene'er they came
Pirate ships would lower their flag when Puff roared out his name, oh!
A dragon lives forever but not so little boys
(Yarrow now sings this line "Not so girls and boys")
Painted wings and giant rings make way for other toys
One grey night it happened; Jackie Paper came no more
And Puff, that mighty dragon, he ceased his fearless roar
His head was bent in sorrow; green scales fell like rain
Puff no longer went to play along the cherry lane
Without his life-long friend, Puff could not be brave
So Puff that mighty dragon sadly slipped into his cave, oh!
(chorus, sadly)
(more upbeat version they perform live)
Puff the magic dragon lives by the sea
(in a live performance I saw, the singers shout "Present Tense!" at this point)
And frolicks in the autumn mist in a land called Honah Lee
Puff the magic dragon lives by the sea
And frolicks in the autumn mist in a land called Honah Lee!
The song (variously credited as "Puff, the Magic Dragon," "Puff (the Magic Dragon)," or just "Puff") has appeared on numerous Peter, Paul, and Mary albums:
 - Moving (1963)
 - In Concert (1964)
 - In Japan (1967)
 - Ten Years Together (1969)
 - Peter, Paul and Mommy (1969)
 - Peter, Paul and Mommy Too (1993)
 - Around the Campfire (1998)
 - The Collection (1998)
 - Carry It On (2004)
In 1978, a half-hour children's TV cartoon based on the song was released, in which Jackie Paper learns the value of communication and courage from Puff; Burgess Meredith did the voice of Puff, and Peter Yarrow voiced Jackie's father. It was followed the next year by Puff the Magic Dragon in the Land of the Living Lies.
The nickname given by US ground troops in Vietnam to the venerable Douglas DC-3 (aka C-47, aka Dakota, aka Gooney Bird) in its close air support role.
First used in Vietnam in October 1964, the planes were fitted with side-firing General Electric MXU-470/A 7.62-mm Minigun pods at the midship door stations. Rocket pods and other ordnance were often aboard, but the miniguns were the main event, because of their ability to put a bullet into every square foot of a football field every minute. Able to carry prodigious amounts of ammunition and to loiter where needed better than jet aircraft, the planes often flew at night, for their own safety and because that was when ground troops most desperately needed support.
To troops dug in at night and facing an unseen enemy, the arrival of Puff in a snarling drone of electrically-fired guns spitting tongues of fire and trailing tails of smoke and falling brass was the most welcome sight imaginable.
(and probably quite a show if you were on the local chronic - every fifth round a tracer)
The nickname was less frequently applied to the Dakota's more sophisticated successor, the AC-130 Spectre gunship.


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Summary: In our study, we undertake a relative efficiency analysis of hospitals providing inpatient care, which play a key role in the Hungarian health care system. According to the Competitiveness Report 2020 of the Hungarian National Bank, the Hungarian health care system has a number of reserves, and the sustainability of the system can be improved by using these reserves. In the 2015-2019 period, particular attention has been paid to the identification of achievable and meaningful indicators in the sector under review. The relative effectiveness analysis (DEA) method can be used to address this challenge. The units of our analysis are state-owned institutions in Hungary, typologised by the total number of beds. General profile hospitals with a bed count between 600 and 1200 beds were included in the analysis. The results of running the programme have clearly shown that there are some institutions that do not operate as efficiently as the majority of the organisations included in the study, but further research and refinement of the indicators is needed to determine the practical application of the pilot studies.
Keywords: hospital, effectiveness analysis, DEA method
JEL codes: I14, H11
Download full text here! (pdf)


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Having mentored young people in sporting associations, including the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) when those young athletes are on respite and from his pastoral experiences over a life time, he's aware that teenagers do not always listen to their parents. In fact, new research shows that their brains are not 'adult' until they are about 24! (_URL_)
However, for parents today, help might be at hand. Perhaps the kids will listen to recent scientific studies that support parents' common sense.
Protecting children's precious ears
Mark Tronson is concerned that kids are protected from the heartbreak of deafness. His own father damaged his ears as a result of fireworks (a 'penny bunger') going off close to him when he was only ten; and his wife has had hearing problems from birth.
But today's teenagers are more likely to suffer loss of hearing from loud music at live venues or from their earphones, Danish researchers reported at a conference recently. (_URL_)
Without ear protection, "heavy metal" fans have 15 mins at a concert before they risk permanent hearing damage, report Australian scientists at the National Acoustics Laboratories who have been trialling some new filtered ear plugs which don't affect the quality of the music.
The teenagers quickly got used to using them, and relished waking up the morning after a gig without ringing in their ears. The earplugs are useful for professional musicians in classical orchestras, too. (smh.com.au)
Sugary drinks may damage teeth and hearts
Being involved in sports all his life, and now co-ordinating respite centres for athletes and coaches, Mark Tronson points to several scientific studies indicating that food and drink'sports' supplements for kids are not necessary, will not improve performance, and may be downright harmful for growing bodies.
It is already known that a daily consumption of sugary soft-drinks is correlated with increased heart disease in adults, but Australian scientists now report that the beginnings of diseased arteries can be seen in children who drink sugary drinks every day. (_URL_)
Mark Tronson warns that some 'energy' drinks contain sugar; and should only be used in conjunction with supervised training and not as everyday refreshments.
Another study warns that some sports drinks can irreversibly damage teenagers' permanent teeth. (_URL_)
Sports supplements unnecessary for kids – and could do harm
In a recent Sydney Morning Herald article, Australian sports dieticians warned that long-term damage can be done to children who take proprietary supplements in an attempt to increase their body mass, muscle tone or stamina. These supplements are sometimes requested by parents who are over-anxious to see their kids succeed. (_URL_)
Mark Tronson marvels at the wonderful human body that The Lord has given us, which will adapt and change its energy requirements if trained for a particular sport in a particular way. He is reminded of 1 Corinthians 6:19-20 "Or do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit within you, whom you have from God? You are not your own, for you were bought with a price. So glorify God in your body."
During training, endurance athletes can 'teach' their bodies to slowly use the fat stores already put down by correct nutrition in the weeks leading up to the sporting event. (_URL_)
Other athletes are more proficient at fast-movement aerobic sports, and they need completely different diets and training regimes so their bodies learn to use short-term energy from glucose in the blood and glycogen in the muscles.
Sports Scientists and Nutritionists
Sports scientists and nutritionists understand more now about how an appropriate diet of healthy foods will be sufficient to help young athletes' muscles grow strong, and 'learn' to naturally use the resources so miraculously laid down for stressful situations such as we impose when we train for competitive sports. (_URL_ sections 9 and 10).
Mark Tronson advises young athletes to seek the advice of reputable dieticians and coaches about correct diet, training and sleep regimes to build optimal muscle and improve performance; and only take medication recommended by a trusted doctor if necessary for a medical condition.
This way, all children can reach their potential and enjoy their chosen sport. Supplements cannot help them do any better than this. As a minister of 35 years he is aware, that with the pressures upon his life and ministry, he needs to take time out to recharge and refresh and this is part of his medical advice.
Dr Mark Tronson is a Baptist minister (retired) who served as the Australian cricket team chaplain for 17 years (2000 ret) and established Life After Cricket in 2001. He was recognised by the Olympic Ministry Medal in 2009 presented by Carl Lewis Olympian of the Century. He has written 24 books, and enjoys writing. He is married to Delma, with four adult children and grand-children.
Mark Tronson's archive of articles can be viewed at _URL_


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Encodings that map abstract data to visual representation.
Graphical primitives for visualization, such as lines and areas.
Displays automatic reference lines for scales.
Apache ECharts is a powerful, interactive charting and data visualization library for browser
Renders parametric surfaces in 3D
The Vega visualization grammar.
Data visualization library based on React and d3.
WebGL2 Components for High Performance Rendering and Computation
Graph theory (a.k.a. network) library for analysis and visualisation
deck.gl core library
A plotly.js react component from Plotly
deck.gl core layers
Publish Vega visualizations as embedded web components.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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The Pennsylvania Game Commission recently took steps to protect the state's snowshoe hare population by reducing their hunting season to less than a week and by restricting the hunting to only three wildlife management units in the northern part of the state.
What's surprising about the report is that the snowshoe hare's range extends through Somerset and Cambria counties — although it has never caught on as a popular game animal in the region.
Local hunters and wildlife officials credit the rabbit's relative scarcity, shyness and preference for inaccessible terrain for the lack of hunting popularity.
"To be honest, I've never seen one in this area," said Tom Fazi, information and education supervisor for the commission's southwest region. "There's just so few of them. You can spend a lot of hours roaming the Laurel Ridge and never even see a track."
Fazi — a 21-year employee of the commission — said that he has only seen the snowshoe hare twice in the wild. Both sightings came in counties to the north.
In 2010, the most recent snowshoe hare range map in Terrestrial Vertebrates of Pennsylvania: A Complete Guide to Species of Conservation Concern, shows the hare's primary range is generally in the Poconos and Allegheny National Forest, with secondary range from the state's north-central counties south through the Laurel Highlands.
Keeping snowshoes in Pennsylvania's secondary hare range through the Allegheny Mountains of Somerset and Cambria counties and the high plateaus of north-central Pennsylvania is an important management consideration, according to Dr. Duane Diefenbach, unit leader at the U.S. Geological Survey's Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at the Pennsylvania State University.
"The snowshoe hare's continued presence on this secondary range helps to preserve an important pathway for north/south gene flow within its southern range," said Diefenbach in a game commission press release. "That's important to Pennsylvania and West Virginia, the snowshoe's last strongholds in their southern Appalachian range. If we can ensure there's an adequate amount of suitable habitat that has sufficient connectivity between established hare population centers, there's a chance."
Deer — which have similar dietary needs as hares — have long been the animal's biggest competitor for food and resources, according to the commission.
The hares tend to live in this area along higher elevation ridges with steeper hillsides, making game hunting for the animal less appealing, Fazi said.


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Little Green Sedge (Carex viridula)
Little Green Sedge Species Description
This species is native to North America north of Mexico.
Allergenicity: Little Green Sedge (Carex viridula) is a moderate allergen.
Pollination: Occurs in following seasons depending on latitude and elevation: Spring to Summer.
Angiosperm - Flowering Monocot: Plants in this group have one embryonic leave (single cotyledon). This group include the grasses, lilies, orchids and palms.
Grass/Grass-like: Any plant characterized by parallel-veined leaves that arise from nodes in the stem, wrap around it for a distance, and leave, especially those grown as ground cover rather than for grain.
Perennial: Living for many years.
Wetland Plant: Plants growing in aquatic or wetland habitats. These include all known floating, submerged, and emergent taxa, plus those that are found in permanently or seasonally wet habitats.
Herbaceous Stem: Not woody, lacking lignified tissues.
Little Green Sedge Species Usage
More Little Green Sedge (Carex viridula) imagesby Jessie M. Harris from BONAP


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To create slow-motion effects on your Reels content on Instagram, it's crucial to understand how to make slow-motion videos on the platform. The process is relatively straightforward within the app itself, but it's worth noting that you cannot apply this effect to videos from your phone's gallery.
In addition to slow-motion effects, Instagram provides a variety of other filters and products that can enhance your videos and make them more engaging for your followers. If you're looking to slow down your videos and add a unique touch to your social media content, here's a simple guide on how to achieve that:
Create Slow Motion Video on Instagram
How to Add Slow Motion Effect on Instagram
Before we dive into the tutorial, here's an interesting tip: It's always a good idea to observe what other content creators do with the slow-motion effect. This way, you can gain insights into what works well and what doesn't. At the end of this tutorial, we'll also share some tips on when using slow motion is particularly effective. So let's get started with the steps below!
To utilize the slow-motion effect on Instagram (available on both Android and iOS), follow these simple steps:
- When opening Instagram, tap the "+" button in the Center at Bottom;
- Select "Reel" to be taken to the recording screen;
- On the left side of the screen, you can find the option "1x", normal video speed;
- Tap this option to open the other available speeds;
- Options ".3" and ".5" record video in slow motion;
- Just select the desired option and proceed to preview;
- Then add a cover and other relevant information;
- All right, publish.
While Instagram itself doesn't provide an option to add the slow-motion effect to videos from your gallery directly, some workarounds allow you to create and edit videos using other apps before uploading them to Instagram Reels. You can still incorporate the slow-motion effect into your content.
When To use the effect
Shooting videos in slow motion serves multiple purposes in content creation. It allows you to capture and highlight intricate details that are too fast to perceive in real time and adds a sense of anticipation and emphasis to your footage. For instance, slow motion can effectively showcase the movement leading up to a ball being kicked, building suspense and drawing attention to the action.
Moreover, slow motion is commonly employed in humor videos, where it can accentuate comedic moments by revealing subtle details that often go unnoticed at average speed. Since this effect is widely used, you can gain inspiration and determine its suitability for your video's theme by exploring various examples available across the vast expanse of the internet.
Considering the options available to add slow motion natively within Instagram or with the assistance of auxiliary apps, you can create compelling content and share it at the most opportune moments.
How do I create a slow-motion video on Instagram?
To create a slow-motion video on Instagram, you can either record a video in slow motion using your smartphone's built-in camera app or a video editing app to slow down the playback speed of a regular video before uploading it to Instagram.
Can I record a slow-motion video directly within the Instagram app?
No, the Instagram app does not have a built-in slow-motion recording feature. You need to use your smartphone's camera app or a separate video editing app to capture or edit the video in slow motion before uploading it to Instagram.
Which video editing apps can I use to create slow-motion videos for Instagram?
Several video editing apps are available for both iOS and Android devices that allow you to create slow-motion videos. Some popular options include iMovie (iOS), Adobe Premiere Rush (iOS and Android), and FilmoraGo (iOS and Android).
How do I slow down the playback speed of a video using a video editing app?
The exact steps may vary depending on the app you are using. Still, generally, you can import the video into the app, locate the speed adjustment or slow-motion feature, and decrease the playback speed. You can preview the video and make additional adjustments before saving or exporting it.
Can I apply slow motion to specific parts of a video?
Yes, most video editing apps can apply slow motion to specific sections or clips within a video. This allows you to create dynamic videos with both regular and slow-motion segments.
What is the ideal duration for a slow-motion video on Instagram?
There is no specific duration requirement for slow-motion videos on Instagram. However, keeping your tape concise and engaging is recommended, focusing on the key moments that benefit from the slow-motion effect.
Can I adjust the speed of an existing video on Instagram without using a separate video editing app?
No, the Instagram app does not have built-in video editing features that allow you to adjust the playback speed or apply slow motion. You must use a video editing app before uploading the video to Instagram.
Are there any limitations or file size considerations when uploading slow-motion videos to Instagram?
Yes, Instagram has certain limitations for video uploads, including file size and duration. To ensure a smooth upload and playback, it is recommended to compress the video and keep it within Instagram's supported file size and duration limits.
Can I apply slow motion to Instagram Reels or IGTV videos?
Yes, you can create slow-motion videos for both Instagram Reels and IGTV by capturing or editing the video in slow motion before uploading it to the respective platform.
Are there any alternative apps or methods for creating slow-motion videos on Instagram?
In addition to video editing apps, alternative methods exist to create slow-motion effects. Some smartphones have a native slow-motion recording mode that you can use. Additionally, you can explore other third-party apps specifically designed for creating slow-motion videos, which may offer additional features and flexibility.


text: This would make a good flag for New Zealand because it illustrates harmony between black and white. This suggests the order in which the Maori and European peoples arrived in new Zealand in so far as the Maoris were first in time and are represented in the upper black triangle, and the Europeans (pakeha) are represented by the white triangle. The use of red, black and white in the design is homage to the traditional Maori colours. This design retains the red stars with white outline from the Southern Cross on the current NZ flag. Thus preserving the best historical elements from the current flag. The silver fern in my flag is derived from that of the NZ rugby football union and is an internationally recognised symbol for NZ. It represents the unique natural environment of NZ and is an enduring symbol of growth, hope and strength. The Mountain (ie white triangle) reminds us of the international legacy and triumph of Sir Edmund Hilary upon the conquest of Mount Everest. Also, the white triangle represents the mountains of NZ and the black triangle symbolises its rich volcanic soil and the night sky.


Race, Identity and Education Achievements Among
By Fethi Mansouri.
Published by The Learner Collection
Format Price
Article: Print $US10.00
Article: Electronic $US5.00
This project investigates the social and pedagogic challenges faced by Arabic-speaking background students and their schools in realising positive educational outcomes.
Keywords: Multicultural education, Race and identity, Arab-Australian youth, Cross-cultural pedagogies
International Journal of Learning, Volume 11. Article: Print (Spiral Bound), ISSN: ISSN _PHONE_, LC04-0121-2004. Article: Electronic (PDF File; 366.284KB), ISSN: ISSN _PHONE_, LC04-0121-2004.
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KNOWLEDGE BASE
Creating a Parameter Control to Sort By Dimension
Published: 07 Dec 2016
Last modified date: 24 Aug 2022
Question
How to use a parameter to choose which dimension to sort your view by.
Environment
Tableau Desktop
Answer
The below steps are based on Sample - Superstore data.

CLICK TO EXPAND SOLUTION
Parameter, Calculation and View creations step
Step 1: Create a parameter
 1. Right-click in the Data pane and select Create Parameter.
 2. In the Create Parameter dialog, do the following, then click OK:
 - Name: Sort By
 - Data Type: String
 - Allowable Values: List
 - For Value, enter the following list: Category, Sub-Category, Product Name and Region.
 3. Right-click the Sort By parameter and select Show Parameter Control.
Step 2: Create a calculated field
 1. Select Analysis > Create Calculated Field.
 2. Name the field Sort by Dimension, enter the following formula, then click OK:
 CASE [Sort By]
 WHEN 'Category' THEN [Category]
 WHEN 'Sub-Category' THEN [Sub-Category]
 WHEN 'Product Name' THEN [Product Name]
 WHEN 'Region' THEN [Region]
 END
Step 3: Build your view
 1. Drag Product Name, Sub-Category, Category, and Region to Rows.
 2. Drag Sales to Columns.
 3. Drag Sort by Dimension to Rows, placing it to the left of Product Name.
 4. Right-click Sort By Dimension on Rows, and select Sort. Choose the following options, then click OK:
 - Sort order: Ascending
 - Sort by: Alphabetic
 5. Right click Sort by Dimension on Rows, then un-check Show Header.
You can now use the Sort By parameter control to select which dimension to sort by.
To view the steps showed in the below video, please expand the above section. Note: the video has no sound.
Additional information
Dimensions on the Rows or Columns shelf are treated hierarchically, so sorting on a dimension will not affect any dimensions left of it on the shelf.
If you want to mix data types or add an 'Ascending or Descending' parameter to the sort, a RANK() can be added to any non-number fields. See the attached "Sorting by ANYTHING" workbook.
Use a calculation similar to the following instead of the calculation in the above instructions:
IF [Ascending/Descending]='Ascending' then 1 else -1 END
*
IF [Sort by]='Category' then -rank(min([Category]))
elseif [Sort by]='Sub-Category' then -rank(min([Sub-Category]))
elseif [Sort by]='Sales' then SUM([Sales])
elseif [Sort by]='Profit' then SUM([Profit])
END
RANK() can be used on any data type to convert it to a number and retain the original order. For 'Descending', the entire calculation can be multiplied by -1.
Discuss this article... Feedback Forum
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Control of electrochemical reduction behavior in nonequilibrium Al-doped TiO2 thin films
研究成果: Article査読
1 被引用数 (Scopus)
抄録
To develop resistive switches using TiO2, the control of their switching voltage is a crucial issue. This study shows how acceptor and compensating oxygen vacancies modify the resistive switching behavior from both the experimental and theoretical points of view. Nonequilibrium TiO2 thin films doped with acceptor Al with oxygen vacancies were prepared by pulsed laser deposition. Al doping results in a clear reduction in the switching voltage when the TiO2 thin films are operated as a unipolar-type switch but not when they are operated as bipolar-type switches. Density functional theory calculations revealed that the doped Al and compensating oxygen vacancies ([A l ′ Ti] = 2 [V O]) promote the formation of oxygen vacancies compensated by electrons (2 [V O] = n) due to the defects association of 2 A l ′ Ti - 2 V O - 2 e ′. This defect cluster functions like the formation center of conductive nanofilaments for the electrochemical reduction. It was concluded that by promoting the formation of oxygen vacancies compensated by electrons, Al doping results in a decrease in energy consumption of the unipolar-type resistive switching.
本文言語English
論文番号215108
ジャーナルJournal of Applied Physics
126
21
DOI
出版ステータスPublished - 2019 12月 7
ASJC Scopus subject areas
 - 物理学および天文学（全般）
フィンガープリント
「Control of electrochemical reduction behavior in nonequilibrium Al-doped TiO2 thin films」の研究トピックを掘り下げます。これらがまとまってユニークなフィンガープリントを構成します。
引用スタイル


text:
If you have enjoyed this page and want to say thank you, please consider donating $1, £1 or €1 to this science charity
- 'Technical' words can be 'enclosed' in single quotes if, for example, you need to 'define' them. 'Phrases_need_underscores'.
- You can refer to people by calling them Mr Surname or Mrs Surname (e.g. Mr Obama). If you want you can cheat slightly using this, for example referring to Mr Hydrogen and Mrs Oxygen.
- If you're stuck for something to write about try: your favourite food, the plot of a good book, or your area of expertise.
- Once you have come up with something amazing, click Perma-link and you can then copy the URL and share it with your friends
The Up-Goer Six text editor
This is a prototype which colours words depending on how common they are. Click a coloured word to see how common it is. Data from here


text:
Aghia Thekli lies in the centre of the Peninsula of Palliki, approximately
12 miles from Lixouri. The village is named after St. Thekli's church.
Aghia Thekli is a mountainous village famous for it's water sources and
the homonym church. The exact date the church was built is unknown, and
sadly it was ruined in 1864 from an earthquake and rebuilt in 1891.
In the village you will also see Archangel's Church which dates back
before the 13th century and also was ruined in 1864 from the earthquake.
The church was reconstructed in 1887.
St. Nicolas' Church is said to be the oldest but the exact date when it
was built is not clear. The church has been built in the shape of a cross
which makes it very unique.
On September 24th the village celebrates St. Thekli. The celebrations
include lots of local wine and traditionally cooked food.
At the entrance of the village there is a spring called Keria, this used
to supply villagers with their water for their homes.
Aghia Thekli is better known as the village above Petani Beach, one of the
most beautiful and clean beaches in Kefalonia.
During the Resistance period the village hosted EAM's headquarters and
that resulted in many executions by the Germans. In the yard of St.
Nicolas Church there is a memorial with the names of all the executed


text:
A Social Security card is a fundamental document for every American citizen, serving as a primary form of identification. In instances where a Social Security card is lost, stolen, or requires an update due to a name change or citizenship status alteration, obtaining a replacement becomes essential. If you reside in Utah and find yourself needing to replace or update your Social Security card, understanding the process is crucial. This comprehensive guide aims to provide step-by-step instructions and essential information on how to replace social security card in utah.
Importance of Replacing or Updating a Social Security Card
Your Social Security card is crucial for various purposes, including employment, tax filing, obtaining government benefits, and more. Replacing a lost card or updating information due to a name change or immigration status alteration ensures that your personal records are accurate and up-to-date.
Step-by-Step Guide: How to Replace and Update a Social Security Card in Utah
1. Determine the Need for Replacement or Update
Evaluate whether you need to replace your card due to loss, theft, damage, or if you need an update due to a name change, citizenship status alteration, or other reasons.
2. Gather Required Documents
Collect the necessary documents to support your application for a replacement or updated Social Security card:
- Proof of Identity: Valid U.S. driver's license, state-issued ID, or U.S. passport.
- Proof of Citizenship: Birth certificate or U.S. passport.
- Proof of Age: Birth certificate or other acceptable documentation verifying your age.
- Proof of Legal Name Change: Marriage certificate, divorce decree, or court order.
3. Complete the Application
Access the Social Security Administration's website to fill out the Application for a Social Security Card (Form SS-5) or obtain a physical copy of the form from a local Social Security office.
4. Visit the Nearest Social Security Office
Locate the nearest Social Security office in Utah and visit during office hours. Bring the completed application form and required documentation.
5. Submit Your Application
Present the completed application form and original or certified copies of required documents to the Social Security representative. They will review your application and documentation.
6. Receive Confirmation
Upon acceptance of your application, you'll receive a confirmation receipt from the Social Security Administration acknowledging your request for a replacement or updated card. The new card will be mailed to you.
7. Wait for the Replacement or Updated Card
The processing time for a replacement or updated Social Security card varies. Typically, you'll receive your new card via mail within 10-14 business days after the application is processed.
8. Safeguard Your New Card
Upon receiving your new or updated Social Security card, store it in a secure location. Avoid carrying it in your wallet regularly to minimize the risk of loss or theft.
Tips and Important Considerations
- Protect Your Social Security Number: Safeguard your Social Security number to prevent identity theft or fraud.
- Retain Copies of Documents: Keep copies of vital documents such as your birth certificate and passport for future reference.
- Prompt Reporting: Report a lost or stolen card immediately to the Social Security Administration to prevent potential misuse.
Replacing or updating a Social Security card in Utah is a process that demands accuracy and attention to detail. By following this step-by-step guide and ensuring you have the necessary documents, you can navigate the process smoothly. Remember, your Social Security card is a critical form of identification, so take necessary precautions to safeguard it and your Social Security number. Obtaining a replacement or updated card promptly ensures that you can continue to conduct essential transactions and maintain accurate personal records.


Taguchi designs
Use this tool to generate Taguchi designs and improve your products or processes. Available in Excel with the XLSTAT software.
What is Taguchi method?
The Taguchi method is a method introduced by Genichi Taguchi (Genichi and Wu, 1980) which is a method of design of experiment providing an improvement to full and fractional factorial designs.
Two steps are needed to apply that method:
 - A step of generation of the Taguchi design during which it is possible to choose from a list of designs according to the number of factors and the levels of these.
 - Once the Taguchi design is obtained, you can analyze it to identify the control factor parameters that minimize the variation of the response. This second step is achievable with the tool Analysis of a Taguchi design.
Taguchi design options within XLSTAT
Depending on the number of factors and their levels, XLSTAT offers a list of appropriate designs. These designs have a particular notation defined such as: L(nbRuns)(nbLevel^nbFactor).
Where nbRuns = number of runs, nbLevel = number of levels for each factor, and nbFactors = number of factors.
If the notation is of this form: L(nbRuns)(nbLevel^nbFactors), the design contains mixed-levels factors.
For example, a L9(3^3) design is a design having 9 runs and 3 factors at 3 levels. A L18(3^3 6^1) design is a design having 18 runs, 3 factors with 3 levels and 1 factor with 6 levels.
Taguich design output within XLSTAT
Variable Information: This table summarizes all information about the selected factors.
Design of experiment: This table shows the Taguchi design. Empty columns are used to fill in the responses.
Start the analysis: Once the responses columns are filled, you can click on the "Run the analysis" button to open the prefilled dialog box allowing to perform the analysis of the Taguchi design.
Coded design: This table displays Taguchi's coded design, containing 1, 2, 3,... rather than the categories of your factors.
ternary diagramneural network diagram
analysieren sie ihre daten mit xlstat
kostenlose 14-tage-testversion


Veranstaltung: Private and Anonymous Communication
Nummer:
148215
Lehrform:
Vorlesung und Übungen
Medienform:
rechnerbasierte Präsentation
Verantwortlicher:
Prof. Dr. Christina Pöpper
Dozent:
Prof. Dr. Christina Pöpper (ETIT)
Sprache:
Englisch
SWS:
4
LP:
5
Angeboten im:
Prüfung
Termin wird vom Dozenten bekannt gegeben
Prüfungsform:schriftlich
Prüfungsanmeldung:FlexNow
Dauer:120min
Ziele
The students are able to describe, classify, and assess techniques for private and anonymous communication. They are able to reason about the motivation for using these techniques and can describe different scenarios and applications. They are able to describe, classify, and (to a certain extent) counter attacks on privacy and anonymity. The students understand the architectures of different tools, approaches, and techniques that have been proposed and developed in this context. They are able to reason about the achieved levels of protection and also gain practical experience with different tools.
Inhalt
The focus of this course are privacy-enhancing technologies and anonymity techniques. Central elements are privacy metrics and techniques, vulnerabilities and attack mechanisms as well as detection, protection, and prevention techniques. The course will cover techniques for anonymous communication and browsing (e.g., Tor), anonymity in electronic payment systems (e.g., E-Cash, Bitcoin), steganographic and censorship circumvention techniques, communication hiding, and location privacy. The course may also cover special topics such as electronic voting or privacy in social networks.
Voraussetzungen
none
Empfohlene Vorkenntnisse
Knowledge of the contents of Netzsicherheit and Computernetze as well as expertise in programming will be beneficial.
Sonstiges
The exercises cover reports, hands-on parts, programming as well as paper work with research papers.


text:
Visit "Granby Then and Now" created by Mr. Brown's Third Grade Class from a Windows on History grant from the Teaching American History program through the Hampshire Educational Collaborative.
Granby Town History
The Town of Granby is a rural suburban town on the outskirts of the Holyoke metropolitan area. Settled around 1727, the town is dominated in the north by the Holyoke range of hills and has a rugged terrain which hampered agricultural development as the limited water resources hampered industrial development. However, despite these obstacles, settlers developed farms and some limited industries which made up the town's economic foundation. They grew grains, turnips, pumpkins and hops, and small distilleries were open by 1812 using the surplus grain produced. Dairy farming, making buttons and palm leaf hats followed these in economic importance in the 19th century. However, by 1875, local industry was gone and agriculture, primarily dairy farming, was the staple in Granby. The town still retains the huge, well-known milk bottle which houses a dairy bar. Granby retains its original meeting house green and the period character that this section of town gives it as well as a fine neoclassical library and a good stock of Greek revival houses.
Granby Massachusetts Town History Information from Massachusetts Department of Housing and Community Development.
Granby is surrounded by five colleges - Mount Holyoke, Amherst, Smith, Hampshire Colleges and
the University of Massachusetts and has a diverse selection of cultural and historical experiences.
Granby is about 15 miles northeast of Springfield, 45 miles west of Worcester,
about 85 miles west of Boston, and 150 miles from New York City.
Front row (l to r): William W. Gallup, Dwight Tucker, Eugene Bissell, Eugene Rimbold, Police Chief George Randall
Second row (l to r): Myron Ingham, Adelard Fournier, Joe Lajoie, Edmund Robert
Third row (l to r): Ed Martin, Wilfred Loiselle, Robert Noble, John Baker


Key Concepts & Data Model
This section is meant to explain the concepts and data model that we use to represent input and output data.
The main task that this lib performs is Information Extraction, or Intent Parsing, to be even more specific. At this point, the output of the engine may still not be very clear to you.
The task of parsing intents is actually two-folds. The first step is to understand which intent the sentence is about. The second step is to extract the parameters, a.k.a. the slots of the sentence.
Intent
In the context of information extraction, an intent corresponds to the action or intention contained in the user's query, which can be more or less explicit.
Lets' consider for instance the following sentences:
"Turn on the light"
"It's too dark in this room, can you fix this?"
They both express the same intent which is switchLightOn, but they are expressed in two very different ways.
Thus, the first task in intent parsing is to be able to detect the intent of the sentence, or say differently to classify sentences based on their underlying intent.
In Snips NLU, this is represented within the parsing output in this way:
{
 "intentName": "switchLightOn",
 "probability": 0.87
}
So you have an additional information which is the probability that the extracted intent correspond to the actual one.
As explained in the tutorial, on top of the intents you have declared there is another implicit intent handled internally, called the None intent. Any input which corresponds to none of the intents you have declared will be classified as a None intent. In this case the parsing output looks like this:
{
 "input": "foo bar",
 "intent": null,
 "slots": null
}
Slot
The second part of the task, once the intent is known, is to extract the parameters that may be contained in the sentence. We called them slots.
For example, let's consider this sentence:
"Turn on the light in the kitchen"
As before the intent is switchLightOn, however there is now an additional piece of information which is contained in the word kitchen.
This intent contains one slot, which is the room in which the light is to be turned on.
Let's consider another example:
"Find me a flight from Paris to Tokyo"
Here the intent would be searchFlight, and now there are two slots in the sentence being contained in "Paris" and "Tokyo". These two values are of the same type as they both correspond to a location however they have different roles, as Paris is the departure and Tokyo is the arrival.
In this context, we call location a slot type (or entity) and departure and arrival are slot names.
Note
We may refer equally to slot type or entity to describe the same concept
Slot type vs. slot name
A slot type or entity is to NLU what a type is to coding. It describes the nature of the value. In a piece of code, multiple variables can be of the same type while having different purposes, usually transcribed in their name. All variables of a same type will have some common characteristics, for instance they have the same methods, they may be comparable etc.
In information extraction, a slot type corresponds to a class of values that fall into the same category. In our previous example, the location slot type corresponds to all values that correspond to a place, a city, a country or anything that can be located.
The slot name can be thought as the role played by the entity in the sentence.
In Snips NLU, extracted slots are represented within the output in this way:
[
 {
 "rawValue": "Paris",
 "value": {
 "kind": "Custom",
 "value": "Paris"
 },
 "entity": "location",
 "slotName": "departure",
 "range": {
 "start": 28,
 "end": 41
 }
 },
 {
 "rawValue": "Tokyo",
 "value": {
 "kind": "Custom",
 "value": "Tokyo"
 },
 "entity": "location",
 "slotName": "arrival",
 "range": {
 "start": 28,
 "end": 41
 }
 }
]
In this example, the slot value contains a "kind" attribute whose value here is "Custom". There are two classes of slot types or entity:
 - Builtin entities
 - Custom entities
Builtin Entities and resolution
Snips NLU actually goes a bit further than simply extracting slots, let's illustrate this with another example:
"What will be the weather tomorrow at 10am?"
This sentence contains a slot, "tomorrow at 10am", which is a datetime. Here is how the slot extracted by Snips NLU would look like in this case:
{
 "rawValue": "tomorrow at 10am",
 "value": {
 "kind": "InstantTime",
 "value": "2018-02-10 10:00:00 +00:00",
 "grain": "Hour",
 "precision": "Exact"
 },
 "range": {
 "start": 20,
 "end": 36
 },
 "entity": "snips/datetime",
 "slotName": "weatherDate"
}
As you can see, the "value" field here contains more information than in the previous example. This is because the entity used here, "snips/datetime", is what we call a Builtin Entity.
Snips NLU supports multiple builtin entities that are typically strongly typed entities such as date, temperatures, numbers etc, and for which a specific extractor is available.
These entities have special labels starting with "snips/" and making use of them when appropriate will not only give better results, but it will also provide some entity resolution such as an ISO format for a date.
Builtin entities and their underlying extractors are maintained by the Snips team. You can find the list of all the builtin entities supported per language in the builtin entities section. Snips NLU relies on the powerful Rustling library to extract builtin entities from text.
On the other hand, entities that are declared by the developer are called custom entities.
Custom Entities
As soon as you use a slot type which is not part of Snips builtin entities, you are using a custom entity. There are several things you can do to customize it, and make it fit with your use case.
Entity Values & Synonyms
The first thing you can do is add a list of possible values for your entity.
By providing a list of example values for your entity, you help Snips NLU grasp what the entity is about.
Let's say you are creating an assistant whose purpose is to let you set the color of your connected light bulbs. What you will do is define a "color" entity. On top of that you can provide a list of sample colors by editing the entity in your dataset as follows:
{
 "color": {
 "automatically_extensible": true,
 "use_synonyms": true,
 "data": [
 {
 "value": "white",
 "synonyms": []
 },
 {
 "value": "yellow",
 "synonyms": []
 },
 {
 "value": "pink",
 "synonyms": []
 },
 {
 "value": "blue",
 "synonyms": []
 }
 ],
 "matching_strictness": 1.0
 }
}
---
type: entity
name: color
values:
 - white
 - yellow
 - pink
 - blue
Now imagine that you want to allow some variations around these values e.g. using "pinky" instead of "pink". You could add these variations in the list by adding a new value, however in this case what you want is to tell the NLU to consider "pinky" as a synonym of "pink":
{
 "value": "pink",
 "synonyms": ["pinky"]
}
- [pink, pinky]
In this context, Snips NLU will map "pinky" to its reference value, "pink", in its output.
Let's consider this sentence:
Please make the light pinky
Here is the kind of NLU output that you would get in this context:
{
 "input": "Please make the light pinky",
 "intent": {
 "intentName": "setLightColor",
 "probability": 0.95
 },
 "slots": [
 {
 "rawValue": "pinky",
 "value": {
 "kind": "Custom",
 "value": "pink"
 },
 "entity": "color",
 "slotName": "lightColor",
 "range": {
 "start": 22,
 "end": 27
 }
 }
 ]
}
The "rawValue" field contains the color value as written within the input, but now the "value" field has been resolved and it contains the reference color, "pink", that the synonym refers to.
Automatically Extensible Entities
On top of declaring color values and color synonyms, you can also decide how Snips NLU reacts to unknown entity values.
In the light color assistant example, one of the first things to do would be to check what are the colors that are supported by the bulb, for instance:
["white", "yellow", "red", "blue", "


text:
Advanced microcomputer control panel
The air-energy hot water machine adopts an advanced microcomputer
control board, which integrates double-layer circuits and triple
automatic power-off design. It has built-in well-known brand
high-speed processing chips, and has multiple functions such as
product operation control and safety protection.
The adopted high-speed processing chip can quickly collect system
operating parameters, process them quickly, and issue control
instructions to ensure the stability of the unit and the
intelligent real-time adjustment function.
Humanized intelligent control
The air-energy hot water machine has an intelligent control system
like a housekeeper, which can simplify the complicated control
program and hand over the complicated control program instructions
to the microcomputer. Just touch the control button to directly
reach the desired purpose through the display screen and complete
multiple items. Facilitate the demand and provide more
energy-efficient operation for the system.
The large-screen display, large buttons, and direct temperature
setting are all born for engineering.
♦Multiple safety protection technology to ensure the safe and
reliable operation of the system
Safety grounding protection, leakage protection, high pressure
protection, water inlet filter protection, high temperature
protection, current protection, compressor overload protection, low
pressure protection, phase-out protection, water shortage
Reduce operating costs
5 degree temperature difference cycle heating
Automatic temperature control, no need for special care
Large swimming pool/playing park
5 degree temperature difference heating cycle, stable operation
all-weather. Compared with traditional boilers, it saves 65%-80% of
the operating costs. The intelligent control system does not
require special care, and automatically controls the temperature to
ensure a comfortable and constant water temperature.
Pump Air Heat Heating Pump Air To Water NE-B245/100E Dc Inverter
|Rated heating capacity(A24/26oC)||8kw||12kw||24kw||48kw||96kw||145kw||220kw|
|Rated heating capacityA20/26oC||7.5kw||11kw||21kw||44 kw||90kw||138kw||208kw|
|Rated voltage(Hz)||220V 50HZ||220V 50HZ||380V 3N-50HZ||380V 3N-50HZ||380V 3N-50HZ||380V 3N-50HZ||380V 3N-50HZ|
|Maximum input power(kW)||2||3||6||12||24||36.5||61|
|Unit size (mm)||910x350x835||1030x410x865||780x820x1700||1550x780x1700||1550x1550x1700||2360x1550x1840||2206x2020x2170|


text:
and drought-tolerant, making them a good choice for low-maintenance gardens or indoor spaces. With their unique and striking appearance, they are sure to make a statement in any setting.
3. Cedar: Cedar trees have a similar conical shape to the Japanese White Pine, with soft, needle-like leaves that grow in clusters. They are often used as ornamental trees in gardens and parks, adding a touch of natural beauty to any landscape.
4. Spruce: Spruce trees have a similar shape and growth habit to the Japanese White Pine, with needle-like leaves that grow in a spiral pattern around the stem. They are hardy and adaptable, making them a good choice for a variety of climates and growing conditions. With their stunning foliage and unique growth pattern, they are sure to impress.
Overall, these plants share similar characteristics with the Japanese White Pine, including their evergreen foliage, conical shape, and needle-like leaves. They are all relatively low-maintenance and can be grown indoors or outdoors, depending on the specific plant and growing conditions. So, whether you're a seasoned gardener or a novice plant enthusiast, these plants are sure to add a touch of natural beauty to your home or garden.
In the realm of garden flora, few plants can match the sheer elegance and low-maintenance appeal of the Japanese White Pine. This botanical wonder is a true testament to the beauty of nature, and can add a touch of sophistication to any outdoor space. However, to ensure that this plant thrives and flourishes, one must take into account a few key factors. For starters, the soil must be well-draining, as this will allow the roots to breathe and absorb nutrients more efficiently. Additionally, regular watering is a must, as this will keep the plant hydrated and healthy. Finally, occasional pruning is necessary to maintain the plant's shape and prevent overgrowth. With these simple steps, the Japanese White Pine can thrive for many years and become a stunning focal point in your garden or landscape. So, if you're in search of a hardy and attractive plant that requires minimal effort, look no further than the Japanese White Pine.
Frequently Asked Questions
How often should I water my Japanese White Pine?
Japanese White Pines prefer moist soil, so water them deeply once a week during the growing season. Reduce watering in winter.
What kind of soil does a Japanese White Pine need?
Japanese White Pines prefer well-draining, slightly acidic soil. A mix of peat moss, sand, and perlite is ideal.
How much sunlight does a Japanese White Pine need?
Japanese White Pines prefer full sun to partial shade. They need at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day.
How often should I fertilize my Japanese White Pine?
Fertilize your Japanese White Pine once a month during the growing season with a balanced fertilizer. Do not fertilize in winter.
How do I prune my Japanese White Pine?
Prune your Japanese White Pine in late winter or early spring before new growth appears. Remove any dead, diseased, or damaged branches. Pinch back new growth to maintain the desired shape.
How do I protect my Japanese White Pine from pests and diseases?
Japanese White Pines are susceptible to pests such as spider mites and scale insects, as well as diseases such as needle blight and root rot. Keep the tree healthy by providing proper care and promptly treating any issues that arise.
Can I grow a Japanese White Pine in a container?
Yes, Japanese White Pines can be grown in containers. Use a large container with good drainage and provide regular watering and fertilization. Repot every 2-3 years.


Java Random Value Threadlocalrandom With Code Examples
Java Random Value Threadlocalrandom With Code Examples
The solution to Java Random Value Threadlocalrandom will be demonstrated using examples in this article.
int boundedRandomValue = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(0, 100);
As we have seen, the Java Random Value Threadlocalrandom problem was solved by using a number of different instances.
How do you generate a random number between 1 to 10 in Java?
Java Random number between 1 and 10 Below is the code showing how to generate a random number between 1 and 10 inclusive. Random random = new Random(); int rand = 0; while (true){ rand = random. nextInt(11); if(rand != 0) break; } System.03-Aug-2022
How do you assign a random value in Java?
Method 1: Using random class
How do you generate a random number from a thread in Java?
RandomNumberExample4.java
Is random thread safe Java?
Instances of Random are thread–safe. Although, if the same instances are used across threads they may suffer from contention and result in poor performance. The Instances of Random are not cryptographically safe and therefore should not be used for security-sensitive applications.02-Sept-2022
How do you generate a random number between 0 and 9 in Java?
The Math.Random class in Java is 0-based. So, if you write something like this: Random rand = new Random(); int x = rand.nextInt(10); x will be between 0-9 inclusive.
How do you generate random numbers?
Example Algorithm for Pseudo-Random Number Generator
How does random () work in Java?
The Java Math. random() method is used to generate a pseudorandom number, which is a number created with a formula that simulates randomness. The pseudorandom number will be greater than or equal to 0.0 and less than 1.0. In other words, the number generated by Math.01-Nov-2020
How do you generate a random 5 digit number in Java?
I would suggest to generate random number using SecureRandom class and then as it needs to be of 5 digits create a random number between 0 and 99999 using random. nextInt(100000) , here 0 is inclusive and 100000 is exclusive and then format it into 5 digit by appending zero.
How do you generate a 3 digit random number in Java?
"how to generate 3 digit random number in java" Code Answer
What is ThreadLocalRandom in Java?
public class ThreadLocalRandom extends Random. A random number generator isolated to the current thread. Like the global Random generator used by the Math class, a ThreadLocalRandom is initialized with an internally generated seed that may not otherwise be modified.


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When extending a class, is there any difference in performance between polymorphism and composition? Take the following example using composition (in C++):
class Window
{
 public:
 Window(Renderer &renderer) : m_renderer(renderer)
 { }
 void update()
 {
 ....
 m_renderer.draw(this);
 }
 private:
 Renderer &m_renderer;
}
... and using polymorphism:
class Window : public Renderer
{
 public:
 virtual ~Window() {};
 void update()
 {
 ...
 draw();
 }
 protected:
 virtual void draw() = 0;
}
The composition version uses a reference as a member so I suppose that it requires a little more space, but is there any performance gain in either version?
Note: I have checked out similar post such as this, but is does not cover performance.
Thank you for your answers!
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
up vote 4 down vote accepted
Well, if you pose the question like this, then yes there is a memory/speed trade-off.
1. Composition
 - 8 bytes (on 64 bits architecture) are likely to be used for the reference
2. Inheritance
 - 8 bytes (on 64 bits architecture) if you need to make your class polymorphic (v-pointer)
 - some overhead for the attributes of the base class if any (note: inheriting from stateful classes is a code smell)
 - ~20% overhead for the virtual call (gross estimate, lots of variation there)
So you might say that inheritance is slightly more costly... but really it's just invisible. The overhead of a function call compared to the inner computation required for graphic rendering is just negligible.
On the other hand, the semantics differ. Whether you inherit or not is significant. Is you Window a Renderer ? Does it make sense ?
Write sane code first. Then optimize as (if !!!) needed.
share|improve this answer

Inheritance means that the size of the class increasez by at least the size of the base class. It's not only the vftable that adds to the size, but the base class itself. – Luchian Grigore Mar 8 '12 at 13:13

@LuchianGrigore: yes, but I have no idea about the size of the Renderer class, for all I know it's stateless. Still, worth noting. – Matthieu M. Mar 8 '12 at 13:16

Well this size will anyway increase as much... Unless you share Renderer instances between different Windows. – Jens Åkerblom Mar 8 '12 at 13:17

@JensÅkerblom not if you use a reference. – Luchian Grigore Mar 8 '12 at 13:18

@MatthieuM. a more correct statement would be that it increases by at least 8 bytes, not by 8. It's just misleading. You can't just assume it's stateless. – Luchian Grigore Mar 8 '12 at 13:19
I suppose you want the second version to be:
class Window : public Renderer
in which case, the memory by inheritance will actually be bigger. That's because, when you inherit something, the class increases in size by at least the sizeof the base class.
The first version actually only suffers a minor increase in size, as you're storing a reference and not an actual object. The following:
class Window
{
 public:
 Window(Renderer &renderer) : m_renderer(renderer)
 { }
 void update()
 {
 ....
 m_renderer.draw(this);
 }
 private:
 Renderer m_renderer; //no reference
}
would take up more space.
More important than anything when deciding between these two is not performance-wise (differences are minor, if at all), but the relationship between the two. Composition and inheritance describe different things.
If a Window is a Renderer, use inheritance. If a Windows has a Renderer, use composition.
share|improve this answer

True. But someone sometime told me "Reuse using composition". And here we can change the symancics to "Window" is "Renderable" vs "Window" has a "Renderer". – Jens Åkerblom Mar 8 '12 at 13:20

@JensÅkerblom are you reusing or extending the functionality? – Luchian Grigore Mar 8 '12 at 13:23

Well the Window class is reused, and the update-method is extended so... both? But this is slightly outside the topic. – Jens Åkerblom Mar 8 '12 at 13:29
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Colonial and Revolutionary Muster Rolls: Some New Evidence on Nutrition and Migration in Early America
NBER Working Paper No. 374
That investment in human capital has made an important contribution to the increase of labor productivity and per capita income during the last several centuries is widely acknowledged. While much of the research on this issue has focused on education, many scholars have also directed attention to the significance of improvements in nutrition. Until recently, efforts to study this subject have been hampered by a lack of evidence, but it now appears possible to construct indexes of nutrition from height-by-age data. This paper employs a relatively underutilized type of historical document to investigate the level of nutrition in early America. The same material also provides a rich source of information about patterns of migration during this period. This paper finds that native-born Americans approached modern heights by the time of the Revolution. On average, colonial Americans appear to have been 2 to 4 inches taller than Europeans, with southerners considerably taller than northerners and the rural population of greater stature than the urban. These differences may indicate that other factors besides nutrition were important in accounting for the dramatic changes in U.S. mortality rates during the nineteenth century.
Document Object Identifier (DOI): 10.3386/w0374
Published: Sololoff, K.L. and G.C. Villaflor, "Migration in Colonial America: Evidence from the Militia Muster Rolls," Social Science History, Vol. 6, (Fall 1982), pp. 539-570.
Users who downloaded this paper also downloaded* these:


text:
Discover towering trees, palm groves, trickling streams and amazing birdlife in the best remaining example of the rainforest that once covered this part of the Great Dividing Range.
Stop for a picnic in one of the day-use areas before heading off to explore the network of tracks that wind through the park. Wander through a diverse and vibrant forest, and listen out for the more 80 bird species found here. Make sure you stop at the Gus Beutel lookout for panoramic views over the Lockyer Valley and Scenic Rim.
For thousands of years the Jawowair and Jagera Aboriginal people passed through this area on their way to bunya nut festivals in the Bunya Mountains. Learn about these ancient connections, and the history of the timber-getters, along the Cedar Block circuit.


text:
New Report Shows Widening Housing Inequality Among America's Older Adults
Housing inequality is becoming increasingly evident among older Americans as the number of older households climbs to unprecedented levels, according to Housing America's Older Adults 2019, our new report being released today.
Between 2012 and 2017, the number of households headed by someone 65 or older jumped from 27 million to 31 million and will continue to grow. At the same time, the number of older adults facing housing cost burdens reached an all-time high of 10 million [Interactive Map], income disparities are widening, and white-minority gaps in homeownership have expanded. Meanwhile, homeownership rates are lower and debt rates are higher for those 50 to 64, as compared to earlier generations.
The new Housing America's Older Adults 2019 report, which supplements our annual State of the Nation's Housing report, shows lower-income households falling further behind their higher-earning peers in income growth [Interactive Chart]. Between 2012 to 2017, the incomes of households age 65 and over in the top 10 percent increased by 22 percent while incomes of those in the bottom 10 percent fell by 4 percent. Additionally, the median income for the highest earners between the ages of 50 and 64 set a new record of nearly $204,000 in 2017, while the median income for the lowest earners, $14,400, was lower than the 2000 level of $17,100.
The falloff in homeownership rates among those approaching retirement, and the elevated levels of mortgage debt among those who do own, is concerning, and there are significant differences in owners and renters when it comes to preparedness for retirement. Indeed, homeowners have far greater net wealth than renters: in 2016, the median homeowner age 65 and over had a net worth of $319,200, compared to the same-age renter whose net worth was just $6,700. Additionally, owners who have paid off their mortgage have lower housing costs, at a monthly median of $458, compared to renters' monthly cost of $830.
The report also highlights the widening racial/ethnic disparities in homeownership: last year, the black-white homeownership gap among households age 65 and over was at a 30-year high of 19.4 percent while the Hispanic-white gap stood at 18.4 percent.
Given these growing affordability challenges, combined with low rates of housing accessibility and a lack of services in the areas where many older Americans live, the report highlights several serious issues facing the country with respect to housing its increasing older adult population. Addressing these issues will require concerted action at all levels of government, and this is especially true as the leading edge of the baby boomers reaches their 80s in the next decade and the need for affordable and accessible housing increases.
Commitments to create age-friendly communities and some recent funding for affordable housing construction for older adults are promising starts, but the time for innovation—in the design, finance, construction, and regulation of housing—is now. The quality of life and well-being of over a quarter of the US population will depend on it.
Read the Housing America's Older Adults 2019 report.
ALSO: This Friday, October 18, the Joint Center for Housing Studies and The Hastings Center will host AGING IN [a] PLACE, a half-day symposium on aging and spatial justice at the Harvard Graduate School of Design.


modulus of volume expansion
Shearing Deformation
Shearing Deformation
Shearing forces cause shearing deformation. An element subject to shear does not change in length but undergoes a change in shape.
The change in angle at the corner of an original rectangular element is called the shear strain and is expressed as
$\gamma = \dfrac{\delta_s}{L}$
The ratio of the shear stress τ and the shear strain γ is called the modulus of elasticity in shear or modulus of rigidity and is denoted as G, in MPa.
$G = \dfrac{\tau}{\gamma}$
The relationship between the shearing deformation and the applied shearing force is
$\delta_s = \dfrac{VL}{A_s G} = \dfrac{\tau L}{G}$
where V is the shearing force acting over an area As.
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text:
Are you eager to witness the rapid growth of your guppy fry? If so, learning how to raise guppy fry fast is key to ensuring their healthy development. These tiny, colorful fish can grow quickly under the right conditions, and with proper care, you can witness their transformation from tiny fry to vibrant adults in no time. In this guide, we will explore the essential steps and techniques to maximize the growth rate of your guppy fry. From creating an optimal environment to providing nutritious food, we will delve into the strategies that will help you achieve your goal of raising guppy fry fast. So, let's dive in and discover how to raise guppy fry fast, step by step.
On How to Raise Guppy Fry Fast
If you want to raise guppy fry quickly and ensure their healthy growth, here are some tips:
- Separation: As soon as the guppy fry are born, it's important to separate them from the adult fish. Guppy fry are susceptible to being eaten by larger fish, including their own parents. Move them to a separate tank or breeding box to provide a safe environment for their growth.
- Proper tank setup: Set up a suitable tank for the guppy fry. Use a small tank or breeding box with a sponge filter or air-driven filter to maintain water quality without creating strong currents that could harm the fry. Ensure the water temperature is around 75-80°F (24-27°C) and provide hiding spots such as dense vegetation or artificial structures.
- Feeding: Feed them a high-quality diet formulated specifically for fry. You can use commercially available fry food, finely crushed flakes, or infusoria. Feed small amounts multiple times a day to ensure they have enough food without causing water quality issues.
- Water quality: Maintaining good water quality is crucial for the health and growth of guppy fry. Perform regular water changes of around 20% every few days to keep the water clean and stable. Optionally use a water conditioner to remove chlorine and other harmful substances from tap water.
- Gradual introduction of solid food: As the fry grow, you can gradually introduce finely crushed flakes, baby brine shrimp, or microworms to their diet. These foods provide additional nutrition and help in their development. Monitor their behavior and adjust the feeding routine accordingly.
- Growth-friendly environment: Ensure the tank is well-maintained and free from any potential stressors. Avoid sudden temperature fluctuations, excessive noise, and bright lights that could cause stress. Provide a stable and comfortable environment to promote healthy growth.
Remember, each fish's growth rate can vary, and patience is key. With proper care, feeding, and a suitable environment, you can help your guppy fry grow quickly and thrive.
When considering how to raise guppy fry fast, it's important to provide them with a nutritious and appropriate diet to support their growth and development. Here are some good food options for guppy fry:
- Powdered or liquid fry food: Commercially available powdered or liquid fry food specifically formulated for young fish is an excellent choice. These foods often contain a balanced blend of essential nutrients, proteins, vitamins, and minerals necessary for fry growth. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for feeding quantities and frequency.
- Finely crushed flakes: You can crush high-quality flakes into fine particles to make them more manageable for the fry. Ensure the flakes are fresh and free from additives or preservatives. Look for flakes that are specifically designed for fry or small fish.
- Newly hatched brine shrimp: Baby brine shrimp (artemia) are a highly nutritious food source for guppy fry. You can hatch brine shrimp eggs at home using a brine shrimp hatchery or purchase pre-hatched brine shrimp from aquarium stores. Feed the newly hatched brine shrimp to the fry, as they are small enough to be easily consumed.
- Micro worms: Microworms are another popular live food option for guppy fry. These tiny nematodes can be cultured at home or purchased from specialty stores. Microworms provide a good source of nutrition for the fry.
- Infusoria: Infusoria refers to a mixture of microscopic organisms such as protozoa, rotifers, and microalgae. You can culture infusoria at home, and it can serve as a suitable first food for newly hatched fry, as they are small and easily consumed.
- Commercial fry foods: Some commercial fish foods are specifically formulated for guppy fry and other small fish species. These foods often come in the form of powders or finely ground pellets, providing a balanced diet for the growing fry. Look for reputable brands and check the ingredients to ensure they contain high-quality nutrients.
When feeding guppy fry, remember to offer small amounts of food multiple times a day, as they have small stomachs and need frequent feeding. Observe their behavior and adjust the feeding routine accordingly to avoid overfeeding or wasting excess food, which can lead to water quality issues.
Variety is key when it comes to feeding guppy fry, as it helps provide a range of nutrients and encourages a well-rounded diet. Incorporating a mix of the above-mentioned food options will help ensure the fry receive the necessary nutrition for healthy growth and development.
In conclusion, raising guppy fry fast requires careful attention to their environment, nutrition, and overall well-being. By following the steps outlined in this guide, you can create an ideal setting for their growth and development. Remember to provide a safe and separate space for the fry, maintain optimal water conditions, and offer a balanced diet. Regular monitoring and maintaining a suitable stocking density are also important factors in promoting rapid growth. While patience is required, with consistent care and attention, you can help your guppy fry thrive and reach adulthood in a relatively short time. Enjoy the rewarding experience of witnessing their transformation and the vibrant colors they will display as they mature.
Happy guppy fry raising!


text:
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There are two versions of the Saxonette cyclemotor: one is a modern machine, currently in production, the same power unit as used in the Spartamet. This article is about the other one, produced during the 1930s. The information comes from a Sachs brochure, printed in English, and published in 1937. A copy of this brochure was sent to me by Philip Burbury.
The Sachs 98cc engine was put on the market in about 1931, intended for use in autocycles. The engine proved to be a great success. Autocycle powered by these Sachs engines gained successes in a number of trials. A Sachs powered machine took part in a 2000km trial through Germany; entered in the 250cc class it completed the course 1½ hours under the time limit despite its small size. Other demonstrations of the reliability were give in 24 hour trials in France over 3 successive years. The engine also proved itself in a 1000km Alpine trial over 15 high passes and a 3000km ride through Germany carried out by members of the Hitler Youth. Production of these engines had exceeded 250,000 after six years of production.
The obvious capabilities of the 98cc engine led Fichtel & Sachs to consider developing even smaller engines for the autocycle market. There were 75cc and 60cc units for traditional autocycles and, as well as these, the 60cc Saxonette cyclemotor.
Sachs manufactured a coaster hub called the "Torpedo" for bicycles and autocycles. The new engine was built around one of these Torpedo Hubs to produce a motorised rear wheel, very similar in layout to the BSA Winged Wheel.
The 60cc two-stroke engine had a bore of 45mm and a stroke of 38mm, developing about 1.2hp. The overall gear ratio was 1:17 through a metal plate clutch mounted on a intermediate lay-shaft. The flywheel magneto also provide 5 watts of lighting power to the Bosch head lamp. The maximum speed was approximately 30 km/h, considered by the designers to be a speed that would not impair the life of a standard balloon-tyred bicycle. The manufacturers claimed that pedal assistance would only be needed to climb hills steeper than 9%. The engine mounting system was the subject of a patent by an Stuttgart engineer named Hartmann. The engine is free to revolve about the hub but its rotation is prevented by a flexible torque reaction mounting. It was claimed that this system prevented vibration being transmitted to the cycle frame.
The fuel tank was mounted above the rear wheel and doubled as a luggage rack. A number plate mounting was provided at the rear of the tank. Claimed fuel consumption was 1½ litres of 20:1 petroil per 100km (nearly 200mpg). The clutch, throttle and lighting cables were combined in a single bundle. This made removing the wheel to mend punctures a simpler business.
Why the brochure in English? Well, along with the brochure, Philip sent me a copy of a letter, dated 7th October 1937, from Tormo Ltd of 57 Old Street, London EC1 to Mr George Whitworth of Oldham. It's worth quoting the letter in full:
"We thank you for your enquiry for the Saxonette Motorised Torpedo Coaster Hub which was shown at the Earls Court Cycle Show where it created a great sensation. An illustrated leaflet is enclosed herewith.
In view of the immense interest which this new model has aroused in this and other countries the Works are preparing for large scale production which you will readily understand requires considerable time.
We regret therefore that we are not yet in a position to quote prices and do not expect being able to market the engine before the spring of 1938. In the meantime we are keeping your enquiry before us and as soon as further particulars are available we shall have pleasure in communicating with you."
Presumably, the further particulars never arrived. Not really surprising, as the months ticked by and the prospect of war with Germany become more apparent, there could have been little chance of importing these machines.
First published - February 1995
Go to the Archive index


text:
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Comparing 'Cousin Kate' and 'The seduction', two poems about pregnancy.
The first 200 words of this essay...
GCSE Comparative poetry essay
The genre of both the poems are about pregnancy, fathering and how pregnancy has effected the lives of virtuous, innocent young women. The main difference between the two poems is that the first one called 'Cousin Kate' is set in the past, around the 1914's, while the other one called 'The seduction' is more modern. This is because of the language used and how the words use syntax.
"Not mindful I was fair." "She had met him at the party "
The first line was taken from the poem called "Cousin Kate" while the other one was taken from "The Seduction" poem. The sentence structure of the first line has been changed around because, if it were written as a sentence than the poem would not sound correct because the number of syllables would not match the line before or after it. (I was not mindful, I was fair). If the second half of the line was not there (I was fair) the sentence would not make sense because the reader would not know what the writer is talking about as there is
No first, second or third person narrative
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