for the Red die if we know the sum of the dice. Value on Red die Sum The various probabilities in the previous examples are Conditional Probabilities. We write: P(Second card is Club First is club) = 0. P(Red die shows Sum is ) = = 0. In speech, the vertical bar is read as given that. To calculate a Conditional Probability Find all of the outcomes consistent with both events Find all of the outcomes consistent with the condition 7
8 Then the Conditional Probability is the ratio of the corresponding probabilities. P(E And C) So P(E C) = P(C) Or P(E And C) = P(E C) P(C) Example: fair dice, Red and Blue. Calculate P(Red die shows Or Sum is ) outcomes are consistent with both events: these are (, ) and (, ) So probability = outcomes are consistent with a sum of : these are (, ) (, ) (, ) (, ) (, ) So probability = So P(Red Or Red Sum is ) = / / = Example: Draw cards from standard pack without replacement. P(First cards are clubs) P(First cards are clubs) = P(first club) P(second club first club) = = 7 = P(first clubs) P(rd club first clubs) = ( ) 0 = 0.09 Example: Win jackpot on National Lottery. Draw numbers out of 9 without replacement. P(Win) = = = 988 : With draws a week, you will win on average once every 0 thousand years! Example: Can consider birthdays as being drawn from the possibilities with approximately equal probabilities. P( out of different) = = P( out of different) = = P( out of different) = = 0.98 P( out of different) = = 0.97 < 0. In the last two examples, the drawing was done without replacement. The probabilities of interest were for either all matching or none matching respectively. If the required probability is for a partial match, the calculations are rather more complicated. 8
9 Example: Ten bats out of a colony of 0 bats have been ringed. Five bats are caught at random from this colony. Assume that each bat is equally likely to be caught. Then the probability that the first four bats caught are unmarked and the last one caught has a ring: = = In a similar way, the probability could be calculated that only the first bat of five already had a ring. You should check that the probability comes out to be the same! This is true for any other position in the sequence, so the probability that only one bat from five trapped at this colony already has a ring is: = 0. Example: Four playing cards, two red and two black. Two cards are chosen at random. What is the probability that they are the same colour? Answer: Suppose that one card has been chosen. There are possibilities for the second card. Only one of these is the same colour as the first card. This can also be considered as the number of ways of choosing items out of see later. Example: cards. One card is blank on both sides, one has X on both sides and the third has a side of each type. A card is selected at random and one side shown. If this is blank, what is the probability that the other side is blank? Answer: There are sides that are blank out of the possible. So P(Blank side chosen) = =. However, of these sides, have blank sides on the reverse. So P(Blank on reverse Blank side chosen) =. Example: TV game show (Monty Hall). There are doors with a good prize behind only one door. The game show host knows which door conceals the prize. The show winner selects one of the doors. The host opens one of the other doors and shows that it does not hide a prize. Should the winner: Stay with the selected door. Switch to the unopened door. Make random choice of doors. Answer: Probability of the good prize for the selected door is. Opening one of the other doors does not change this, so the probability for the other unopened door is. So the winner should always switch! You can play this game at: crypto/monty/monty.html Wikipedia has more information. The situation is not the same as that in the TV programme Deal or No Deal. 9
10 Example: Suppose there are identical opaque bags A and B. Bag A contains red counters and blue counter. Bag B contains red counters and blue counters. One of the bags is chosen at random and a counter removed. If the selected counter is red, what is the probability that the chosen bag was bag A? Suppose we did 00 trials of this experiment. What results would we expect to get? Bag A Bag B Total Red 7 0 Blue 0 7 Total Thus we would expect to get red counters, and in 7 of these cases it would come from bag A. So P(Bag A Red counter) = 7 = 0. Note: If we actually did 00 trials, we are very unlikely to get the exact table above. Finding the expected numbers is just a device to make the calculations easier to understand. A Tree Diagram (Rees.) is a good way of representing small problems. A Red P = 8 Blue P = 8 B Red P = 8 Blue P = 8 P( Bag A Red counter) = = = 0. This is an example of the use of Bayes Rule. The calculations above using a table of expected numbers or using a tree diagram can be written as a formula. Most students find the formula unhelpful and prefer to use one of these other methods. 0
11 Example: Cystic Fibrosis is the most serious of the human genetic diseases in the UK. % of population are carriers but have no symptoms. % of children of carriers have the disease. There is a diagnostic test which is positive with probability 0.8 for carriers and is always negative for non-carriers. If someone tests negative, what is the probability of being a carrier? From 000 individuals we would expect: 00 to be carriers (= %) and 8 of these to test positive. We expect the rest (900) to be non-carriers and to test negative. Carriers Non-carriers Total Positive Negative Total So P(Carrier Negative) = 9 = Example: A factory makes equal numbers of cars on each weekday. P(Fault Monday) = 0.0 P(Fault Friday) = 0. P(Fault Other day) = 0.0 P(Monday car Fault) 0.0 = = 0 = 0.08 A Venn diagram for this: Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
PROBABILITY. Thabisa Tikolo STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
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Lesson 1. Basics of Probability. Principles of Mathematics 12: Explained! _URL_ 314
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Arduino kit for physic experiments in collaboration with Google.
Arduino science kit physics lab
During my collaboration with Arduino I worked as designer on different projects between exhibition, research and interaction.
Among these one of the last is Arduino Science Kit Physic Lab.
 Science kit is an Arduino product in collaboration with Google. A kit for middle school students, which interfaces with the Google science journal app. The idea is to create a kit that through simple and fun experiments can explain the basic concepts of physics to students. I worked with the Arduino team together, to translate the various experiments into products.
The project has several constraints: materials and number of pieces, experiments and limited budget. The parts are produced in PCB the same materia of the Arduino boards.
The pieces are in minimum numbers to allow a substantial number of experiments but keeping within the budget.
Standard products were then used to allow the assembly of the pieces. I dealt with the translation and interaction with the product and the app, with the prototyping and design part of the kit.
Arduino and Google
UX research
Product design
Next 


text:
Not taking the time to properly determine shrink rate can have a big impact on the quality of the final product—including its geometry, performance, and appearance.
Material suppliers typically provide information on the shrink rate of their materials. This number is usually based on ASTM Standard D955 and a.125-inch thick plaque with a specific gating size and location. Although this is a good place to start, this value is typically not accurate enough for many products, especially critical, highly complex parts.
Wall thickness of the part, mold gate size, and processing conditions such as packing pressure and mold temperature are major factors in determining shrinkage of the part. For example, thinner wall sections cool faster, resulting in less shrinkage. Larger gates will result in longer packing time, also providing less shrinkage.
Shrink rates also vary according to flow direction. After gate locations are selected, it is important to analyze the part to determine the basic direction of flow. On long, narrow parts—gated at the end, for instance—flow will essentially parallel the length of the part. In these cases, the "in-flow" shrink rate is used for this dimension of the part. The "cross-flow" shrinkage is used for dimensions that are perpendicular to the long dimension. For parts with random fill directions, an average of the in-flow and cross-flow directions can be used. For parts with critical dimensions, prototyping is the safest option (the mold can be also left steel-safe so that critical areas can be "tweaked" if needed after a production molding process is established).

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Weight of Water, distilled
water, distilled: convert volume to weight
Weight of 1 cubic centimeter of Water, distilled
kilogram0tonne1 × 10-6
milligram1 000
How many moles in 1 cubic centimeter of Water, distilled?
There are 55.51 millimoles in 1 cubic centimeter of Water, distilled
The entered volume of Water, distilled in various units of volume
foot³3.53 × 10-5oil barrel6.29 × 10-6
Imperial gallon0US cup0
inch³0.06US fluid ounce0.03
liter0US gallon0
meter³1 × 10-6US pint0
metric cup0US quart0
metric tablespoon0.07US tablespoon0.07
metric teaspoon0.2US teaspoon0.2
 - About this page: Weight of Water, distilled
 - For instance, calculate how many ounces, pounds, milligrams, grams, kilograms or tonnes of a selected substance in a liter, gallon, fluid ounce, cubic centimeter or in a cubic inch. This page computes weight of the substance per given volume, and answers the question: How much the substance weighs per volume.
Foods, Nutrients and Calories
BEEF FRANKS, UPC: 041497063703 contain(s) 268 calories per 100 grams (≈3.53 ounces) [ price ]
209328 foods that contain Total lipid (fat). List of these foods starting with the highest contents of Total lipid (fat) and the lowest contents of Total lipid (fat)
Gravels, Substances and Oils
CaribSea, Marine, Aragonite, Florida Crushed Coral weighs 1 153.3 kg/m³ (71.99817 lb/ft³) with specific gravity of 1.1533 relative to pure water. Calculate how much of this gravel is required to attain a specific depth in a cylindricalquarter cylindrical or in a rectangular shaped aquarium or pond [ weight to volume | volume to weight | price ]
Iron(III) sulfate [Fe2(SO4)3] weighs 3 097 kg/m³ (193.33939 lb/ft³) [ weight to volume | volume to weight | price | mole to volume and weight | mass and molar concentration | density ]
Volume to weightweight to volume and cost conversions for Canola oil with temperature in the range of 10°C (50°F) to 140°C (284°F)
Weights and Measurements
A kilometer per kilowatt hour (km/kWh) measures how much distance in kilometers, a car can travel on 1 kilowatt hour of electricity;
 The length measurement was introduced to measure distance between any two objects.
t/yd³ to dwt/metric tsp conversion table, t/yd³ to dwt/metric tsp unit converter or convert between all units of density measurement.
Calculate volume of a hexagonal prism and its surface area


text:
GENISTA (Cytisus canariensis) is employed as an hallucinogen in the magic practices of Yaqui medicine men in northern Mexico. Native to the Canary Islands, the plant was introduced into Mexico. Rarely does any nonindigenous plant find its way into the religious and magic customs of a people. Known also by the scientific name Genista canariensis, this species is the "genista" of florists.
Plants of the genus Cytisus are rich in cytisine, an alkaloid of the lupine group. The alkaloid has never been pharmacologically demonstrated to have hallucinogenic activity, but it is known to be toxic and to cause nausea, convulsions, and death through failure of respiration.
About 80 species of Cytisus, belonging to the bean family, Leguminosae, are known in the Atlantic islands, Europe, and the Mediterranean area. Some species are highly ornamental; some are poisonous.


text:
Northern Ireland Water
Bridge Street, Strabane
Strabane town is built on a floodplain of the Mourne River, and is protected via flood walls which were constructed in 1989, along with levee banks. Dawson WAM were appointed the Principal Contractor to undertake the construction of a new Waste Water Pumping Station adjacent to the flood walls, and the decommissioning of the existing station in Bridge Street, Strabane in 2017. With the Q100 Mourne River level approximately 3 metres above ground level, and the site adjacent to the Mourne River; Dawson WAM considered specialist construction methodology to cope with difficult conditions, specifically dewatering.
The scheme involved the design and build of:
- 12.5m diameter wet well and storage tank.
- Combined Sewer Overflow CSO (screened).
- Storm Pumping Station.
- High level discharge chamber.
- Diversion of incoming flows ranging from 200mm to 1.2m in diameter.
- Installation of a new pumping main.
- Decommissioning and removal of the existing pumping station.
- New site fencing, concrete hard standing and EMS area.
The ever-present high water table combined with Fluvial Glacial ground conditions when constructing the deep structures provided many engineering challenges. The main pumping station structure was a precast concrete segmental shaft 12.5 metre in diameter, 7 metres deep. The formation level of the shaft was below the river bed of the Mourne River and 4 metres below the water level strike in the boreholes. In a dry spell of weather when constructing the shaft, seven high head submersible pumps were mobilised to deal with the ground water, pumping a total of 341 l/s. Managing this water correctly in accordance with NIEA regulations was crucial, paying respect to both the guidelines, and the requirements of the local Fishery Agency. The installation of settlement skips and settlement lagoons along with daily Quality Assurance water samples, ensured that all silt was removed prior to discharging into the Mourne River.
Early in the construction programme, we utilised our piling expertise to install a sheet pile cofferdam to act as temporary works to accommodate a deep excavation for a storm wet well. This aided the excavation works for the construction of underground structures, and provide a water cut-off allowing the works to progress with a reduced requirement for dewatering. Four 450mm diameter perforated steel casings were also installed via our Cased CFA quick docking system, around the perimeter of the shaft, to below the formation of the structure. Submersible pumps were installed into these casings to relieve the water pressure. A 'Zone of Construction Influence' study was completed with the site information to determine the potential effects the extensive dewatering could have; with the study indicating it would have negligible effect to the surrounding buildings, structures and adjacent flood wall.
A 10m deep discharge chamber was installed on the site, with a discharge level higher than that of the Strabane Flood wall. This would allow, in storm conditions, the screened flows to be pumped to this high level, and discharge via gravity into the Mourne River. To combat tidal, surcharged sewers, there were three new tidal valves installed ranging in size from 450mm to 1200mm diameter.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


WebMake Documentation (version 2.2)
WebMake Operation
First of all, WebMake relies on a WebMake file. This is an XML file, with a filename ending in.wmk, containing most of the important data on the structure, inputs and files that make up your site.
Finding The WebMake File
If you run WebMake without a -f or -R switch on its command-line, it'll first search for a file ending with.wmk in the current directory, then in the parent directory, and so on 'til it hits the root directory.
You can specify exactly which file to build from by using the -f switch. Alternatively if you use the -R switch, it'll search relative to the filename specified on the command-line; this is very handy if you're calling WebMake from a macro in your editor or IDE, as it means you don't even have to be running the editor in the same working directory as the files you're working on.
The WebMake File Structure
A WebMake file is made up of several conceptual chunks, as follows:
 - the header
 - options and libraries (optional)
 - inputs: searching directories and data sources
 - inputs: content embedded directly inside the WebMake file
 - metadata (optional)
 - catalog generation (optional)
 - outputs
 - the footer
The header: Every WebMake file must start with a tag.
Options and libraries: Quite often, you may want to use some of the optional plug-ins provided with WebMake, or occasionally, you might need to set options to control WebMake's behaviour. The top of the WebMake file is a good place to do this.
Inputs: searching directories and data sources: The important bit! WebMake allows you to load content text, HTML templates, or URLs of media files (such as images), from directories in the filesystem.
Inputs embedded in the WebMake file: Another key area. Content text, HTML templates and tables of small items of content or metadata can be embedded directly into the WebMake file, for ease of editing.
Metadata: If you want your site to contain pages which list details about, or links to, other pages, generated on-the-fly, metadata is the way to do it. WebMake supports several ways of tagging your content with metadata to provide this. Metadata can be embedded into the content text, or tagged onto the content after its already been declared.
Catalog generation: once you've tagged your content text with metadata, WebMake can generate catalogs -- indexes, sitemaps, and the like -- from this. Built-in catalog types include a site map, back and forward navigation links, and "breadcrumb trails". You can also write your own Perl code to generate custom indexes using the library functions, if you prefer.
Outputs: Finally, all that data needs to be written somewhere. The out tag takes care of this. Each out block is roughly equivalent to a target in traditional UNIX make(1) terminology; the text inside the tag is expanded (by expanding ${content references}) and written to the named file. Since quite a lot of output is typically almost identical in terms of the templates it uses and they way it converts the output filename to the name of the content text to insert, the for tag is useful here to automate the process.
The footer: Finally, the WebMake file ends with a tag.
Which Outputs Are Created?
Normally, all outputs named in the WebMake file are scanned, and possibly re-generated. However, if a target has been specified on the command line, only that file will be "made".
Dependencies And Other Optimisations
"Making" the target is not the end of it -- strictly speaking, the target may or may not be updated. WebMake tracks the dependencies of each file, and if these have not changed, the file will not be rebuilt.
That's the first optimisation. However it doesn't always work; if some of the file's text is generated by, or depends on text that contains dynamic Perl code, WebMake will always have to rebuild the file, as it cannot determine exactly what the Perl code is going to do!
To avoid continually "churning" the file, regenerating it every time WebMake is run, a comparison step takes place. Before the file is written to disk, WebMake compares the file in memory with the file on disk; if there are no changes, the on-disk file will not be modified in any way. This means tools like rsync(1), rdist(1) or even make(1) itself will work fine with a WebMake site.
All of these optimisations can be overridden by using the -F (freshen) command-line switch; this will force output whether or not the files have changed.
Ensuring A Seamless Transition
A very large (or very complicated) WebMake site can take a while to update. To avoid broken links while updating the site, WebMake generates all output into temporary files called filename.new; once all the output has been generated, these are renamed into place. This minimises the time during which there may be inconsistencies in the site.
Since WebMake uses dependencies to avoid rebuilding the entire site every time, it needs to cache metadata and dependency information somewhere.
Currently this data is stored in a file called filename/cache.db, where filename is a sanitised version of the WebMake file's name, in the.webmake subdirectory of your home directory.
WebMake Documentation (version 2.2)
Built With WebMake


text:
product description page
Meritocracy and the University : Selective Admission in England and the United States (Paperback) (Anna
about this item
Who gets into elite universities, how and why? What are places like Harvard in the United States or Cambridge in England looking for when they admit undergraduate students? What qualities do selectors value and how do they decide between many applicants with often stellar attainment records? And, are we all better off because of who these elite universities admit?
Meritocracy and the University provides an insight into the world of university admissions. Based on interviews with professional admissions staff and academic faculty members who select students, the book explains what selectors value and how they make decisions. By shining a light on the world of university admissions in England and in the United States, readers are invited to reflect on the similarities and differences in who selects and how selection is done, the purpose and mission of universities, and the challenges universities face in building fair admissions processes when earlier opportunities to shine in education are unequally distributed.


Using Google Visualization API with own data source
The Google Visualization API allows you to create charts and maps based on data you provide. This data can be in a Google Spreadsheet or be something you provide yourself. The visualizations themselves are mostly written in Javascript, although there are some written in Flash.
In this article we will create an HTML page with multiple charts in it and a data source that is generated by a Python program. We start with the HTML page that has two named div's in it (visualization1 and visualization2), including the Javascript code that loads the two charts into these div's.
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "_URL_
<html xmlns="_URL_

 <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
 <title>
 Google Visualization API
 </title>

There are two things that you really need to do before this works correctly:
 - Make sure that the parent node of the div that holds your chart, is not also the parent of one of the other div's that holds a chart. In the HTML page above we surrounded the chart div with another div to accomplish this.
 - The chart is updated with new data every 5 seconds. It is a known bug of the Google Visualization API that the data needs to be fetched from another server then the one that is hosting the HTML page for the refresh to actually work. In the HTML page above the data source chart-data.py is therefore fetched from jansipke.nl and the HTML is fetched from _URL_.
We will create our own data source in Python. There is a description of how you should do this on the Writing Your Own Data Source page from Google. One of the most common mistakes in writing these data sources is the need for the program to read the request identifier (reqId) and return this value in the response. The API needs this to distinguish between responses for different charts on the same page.
import cgi, random
def index(req):
 reqId = None
 if (req.args):
 for arg in req.args.split("&"):
 (key, value) = arg.split("=")
 if (key == "tqx"):
 for parameter in value.split(";"):
 if (parameter.find("%3A") > 0):
 (par_key, par_value) = parameter.split("%3A")
 if (par_key == "reqId"):
 reqId = par_value
 a = str(random.randint(1, 3))
 b = str(random.randint(1, 3))
 c = str(random.randint(1, 3))
 d = str(random.randint(1, 3))
 s = ""
 s += "google.visualization.Query.setResponse(n"
 s += "{n"
 if (reqId != None):
 s += " reqId:'" + reqId + "',n"
 s += " status:'ok',n"
 s += " table:n"
 s += " {n"
 s += " cols:n"
 s += " [n"
 s += " {id:'Col1',label:'',type:'string'},n"
 s += " {id:'Col2',label:'Label1',type:'number'},n"
 s += " {id:'Col3',label:'Label2',type:'number'},n"
 s += " {id:'Col4',label:'Label3',type:'number'}n"
 s += " ],n"
 s += " rows:n"
 s += " [n"
 s += " {c:[{v:'a',f:'a'},{v:1.0,f:'1'},{v:1.0,f:'1'},{v:" + a + ",f:'1'}]},n"
 s += " {c:[{v:'b',f:'b'},{v:2.0,f:'2'},{v:1.5,f:'1'},{v:" + b + ",f:'1'}]},n"
 s += " {c:[{v:'c',f:'c'},{v:3.0,f:'3'},{v:2.5,f:'1'},{v:" + c + ",f:'1'}]},n"
 s += " {c:[{v:'d',f:'d'},{v:4.0,f:'1'},{v:2.0,f:'1'},{v:" + d + ",f:'1'}]}n"
 s += " ]n"
 s += " }n"
 s += "});"
 return s
We can test this data source by following the link without parameters and following the link with the reqId parameter present:
Notice that the first one does not have reqId present in the response, but the second one does.
Update: it seems that the refreshing of data only happens correctly in Firefox and Opera. IE doesn't refresh at all and Chrome only refreshes once. Oh joy!
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Chance vs. Risk
While chance and risk both refer to events that are uncertain, the usage of the words is in different contexts. The word "chance" is used when referring to positive things and "risk" when referring to negative things. For example, "chance of survival", "risk of failure".
Comparison chart
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Introduction (from Wikipedia) Chance refers to the probability of a (usually desirable) outcome or event. Risk is the potential of loss resulting from a given action, activity and/or inaction. The notion implies that a choice having an influence on the outcome sometimes exists (or existed). Potential losses themselves may also be called "risks".
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Comments: Chance vs Risk
Anonymous comments (1)
July 10, 2010, 2:47am
I disagree from the point of view of the entrepreneur. Risk and Chance are not the same thing. Risk is to venture into something where the consequences are virtually unknown with the idea that the venture could succeed in theory, ardent effort and luck. Chance is an evolution of risk because that is when most or all possible variables are known and considered before venturing into anything. The you are taking a "chance" that it will succeed.
— 68.✗.✗.224


text: This paper aims to explore literature education from the view point of National Literature Criticism First of all, several points of significance are examined related to literature education in general. I argue that literature is not appropriately educated in Korea mainly because it focuses exclusively on practical criticism based on literary texts only. That is to say, students have never been taken into consideration, who must play an active role in literature education. Thus, literature education fails to build dialogic communications between teachers and students. Instead, teachers forces certain literary theories to students unilaterally, which prevents students from developing critical reading. This is practically illustrated reviewing some literary texts in this paper. I suggest an alternative in which a value-oriented consciousness has specifically to be discussed in literature education particularly from the view point of National Literature Criticism. In order to do this, misunderstanding of National Literature Criticism, first of all, should be criticized Then I have tried to suggest an instructive image of National Literature on which literature education is desirably grounded. The characteristics of National Literature are scrutinized in terms of a literature aiming to create a desirable life of the people based on particular and concrete situations of the people. The relatedness of literature to reality and interests in life are discussed in detail. In this respect, it is illustrated that a socio-historical effectiveness of literature should be embodied in literature education by discussing literary texts. In particular, the cognitive aspect of language and its emotional affect is stressed in order to make a literature education total education of emotion discussing topics in humanities, society and history. The crisis of literature is openly debated at the present time. Therefore, a total reconsideration of literature education itself is strongly demanded at the moment, a partial response to the crisis is not enough at all. I have tried to build new literature education methodology to cope with the period of literature crisis in this paper.


text:
From Old French paternal ("of a father") (12c.), a learned borrowing from Vulgar Latin paternālis ("paternal"), from Classical Latin paternus ("of or pertaining to a father, paternal"), from pater ("father").
- Of or pertaining to one's father, his genes, his relatives, or his side of a family
- paternal grandfather
- Fatherly; behaving as or characteristic of a father.
- Received or inherited from one's father.
- their small paternal field of corn
- Acting as a father
- paternal filicide
- maternal – mother
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.
paternal m (oblique and nominative feminine singular paternale)
- English: paternal
paternal (plural paternales)


text:
OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT
The objective of the pipeline is to develop opportunities for Native American students to participate in geoscience-related education and research. The "pipeline" has three components:
1) An education and research enrichment program for 7-12th grade Native American students which integrates indigenous knowledge into the geosciences as well as a research experience for teachers (RET).
2) An introductory undergraduate geoscience course which integrates indigenous knowledge into the geosciences, uses Native American Art as a vehicle of learning, and acknowledges the learning styles of Native American students.
3) A program to provide research internship opportunities for Native American students.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Topics Map > Human Resource System (HRS) > HRS Human Resources Administration
Viewing Employee Job Data Records in HRS
OverviewThis document points out data fields in an employee's HRS Job Data record. This job aid also identifies fields on the employee's Job Data record which may be helpful for accountants, budget analysts, and financial specialists.
Your HRS security role determines whether or not you have access to display all information on an employee's Job Data record.
- HRS Security Role Needed: HR Job Data View Only
Instructions for Setting Job Data Search Criteria
1. From the HRS Main Menu, use navigation path: Workforce Administration > Job Information > Job Data.
2. In the Job Data screen, the Find an Existing Value tab displays searchable fields.
- Empl ID (Employee ID) is a unique 8-digit employee identification number (e.g. 00004099).
Note: This was known as the Person ID in the legacy IADS (Integrated Appointment Data System).
- Empl Record (Employee Record Number) identifies each job. For most employees, the Empl Rcd will be 0.
Note: Employees with multiple, concurrent jobs will have a unique record number for each job, assigned sequentially based on date of hire for each job (e.g. 0, 1, 2, 3, etc.) Per UW policy, after a job ends, the employee record number will be reused for future jobs.
- Name consists of the employee's first name (given name) and last name (surname). Example: Jane Doe.
Note: You can do a partial name search
- Last Name is the employee's last name or surname (e.g. Doe).
Note: You can do a partial last name search.
- Middle Name is the employee's middle initial or middle name (e.g. A or Anne), if applicable.
Note: You can do a partial middle name search.
- Include History, when selected, allows you to display the future, current, and historical job data records for the employee. If unselected, you only display the employee's future-dated record or current record.
3. Click the Search button to display results based on your search criteria.
4. Depending upon your search criteria, the following may display:
- No matching values were found.
[Solution: Verify that you entered the information correctly. Also, try narrowing your search criteria]
- If more than one Job Data record exists for the employee, a Search Results section displays; locate the Job Data record you wish to view (e.g. Empl Rcd 0), and click on it.
- If only one Job Data record exists for the employee, the Work Location tab will display the employee's Future or Current Job Data record.
Viewing the Work Location Tab
3. In the top right of the Work Location Details section, a scroll area displays if the employee has more than one job data record.
Note: If you did not select Include History on the Find an Existing Value tab above, you can click the Include History button (at the bottom right area of the screen) to change the scroll area display to view historical job data records. When the Include History button is active, it displays as "grayed out."
- The HR Status (e.g. Active) and Payroll Status (e.g. Active) display for the employee's Future or Current job data record.
Note: Employees who are in Active HR Status and Active Payroll Status need to have payroll funding entered on the Funding Data Entry page in HRS for their Future or Current job data record; refer to Adding or Changing Appointment Level Funding for Employee's Salary Expense in HRSException: Non-paid employees with a Pay Group code of "NON" are not paid through HRS; consequently, these non-paid employees do not need funding entered in HRS. You can find an employee's Pay Group code on the Payroll tab.
Tip: If you wish to see funding information for all employees in Active HR Status, you can run an Employee Funding Summary Report by campus, division or department; refer to Running the Employee Funding Summary Report in HRS.
- The Effective Date (e.g. 08/20/2018) represents the "as of" date of the employee's job Action (e.g. Return from Short Work Break).
- The Effective Sequence field (e.g. 0) indicates 0 for the first entry, 1 for the second entry, 2 for the third entry, etc., for multiple entries with the same job Effective Date. The highest effective Sequence number takes precedence.
- The Action field (e.g. Return from Short Work Break) indicates what personnel action took place on the Effective Date.
- The Reason field (e.g. Start Academic Year) describes the Action.
- The Job Indicator field (located below the Reason field) displays either Primary Job or Secondary Job for the employee's Empl Rcd #.
- Underneath the Action and Reason fields, a thin line separates the top and bottom portion of the Work Location section. Look to the right of the line to see whether the job record you are displaying is the employee's Future, Current or History job record.
- The Expected Job End Date (EJED) field will display the appointment end date for jobs with a Continuity code of 02A, 02B, 02C, 05A, 05B, 05C or N.
Note: The Continuity code is located on the UW Custom tab.
- The Position Number field (e.g. 00003715) is formerly known as the Appointment ID. If the Position Number is blank, this means the employee (e.g. Student Help) was not hired into a Position.
Note: To display detailed Position information, refer to Searching For an Employee's Position Number From Job Info in HRS
- The Business Unit field (e.g. UWMSN) displays the 5-character campus code identifier.
Note: For a list of campus identifiers and institutions, refer to Campus Codes Used in Location / Appointing Department / Academic or Summer Pay Groups in HRS
- The Department field (e.g. A487400) is the employee's appointing department (Organizational Department),
Note: The appointing department in HRS always begins with the alpha code campus identifier; this was formerly known as the Major Dept in our legacy system.
Note: For a summary of campus codes used in the appointing Department field, refer to Campus Codes Used in Location / Appointing Department / Academic or Summer Pay Groups in HRS
- The Date Created field is the date the information was entered into HRS.
4. At the bottom of the Work Location tab (e.g. page), all of the available tab names are listed (Work Location, Job Information, Job Labor, Payroll, Salary Plan, Compensation, UW Custom, UW Benefits).
- When at the bottom of a page, use the tab names to quickly navigate among tabs.
5. If an employee's History record displays a Hire Action, effective date of 02/10/2011, with the Reason of Conversion, this is the date all employees' personnel records were converted to HRS from our legacy payroll system.
- To verify the original start date of the employee, click the Employment Data link, located at the bottom of the Work Location tab
Viewing the Employment Data Page
- The Original Start Date equals the Appointment Effective Date for jobs converted to HRS on 02/10/2011 from the legacy payroll system.
- The Adj Cont Service Date (Adjusted Continuous Service Date) field is the Seniority Date for University Staff employees.
2. To display whether a faculty appointment is tracking tenure data, expand the USA section.
- The Accrue Tenure Services field shows a check mark when HRS tracks tenure data for faculty appointments.
Note: For more information on tenure tracking, refer to Entering Tenure Tracking in HRS
3. To return to the Work Location tab, click the Job Data link at the bottom of the Employment Information page.
Viewing the Job Information Tab
1. To display Job Information details for the employee, click the Job Information tab
2. After clicking the Job Information tab, the Job Information tab displays:
- The Job Code field and description are equivalent to the legacy terms, "Title Code" and "Title Name"
- The Empl Class (Employee Classification) field is equivalent to the legacy term, "Appointment Type."
Note: For a complete list of employee classification categories, refer to Employee Classifications (Empl Class) in HRS
- The Full/Part (Full-Time/Part-Time) field is used in HRS reporting.
- The Pay Basis field was formerly known as "Salary Basis." It is defined as the principal condition in terms of time, production, or other criteria, along with salary rate, which determines the compensation paid to an employee.
Note: At UW, employees with a Pay Basis of No Pay Basis are unpaid appointments and do not need payroll funding entered in HRS.
Note: For a list of the seven types of Pay Bases used at UW, refer to Pay Basis Descriptions in HRS
- The Combined Standard Hours/FTE field shows both the employee's standard hours and the FTE (full-time equivalent) percentage for all active jobs.
Note: If employee has more than one job, the combined standard hours are those in effect at the time of this Effective Dated row.Note: For FTE to Standard Hours conversion, refer to FTE to Standard Hours Conversion Table for HRS
- The Encumbrance Override field allows a campus department to choose whether or not to encumber an employee's earnings.
Note: When the Encumbrance Override indicator displays a checkmark, any data entered in the UW


A Raspberry Pi Streaming Camera using MPEG-DASH, HLS or RTSP
This is an improvement on my previous article, Raspberry Pi Hardware Accelerated RTSP Camera, now with the option of using more modern technology, MPEG-DASH and HLS!
First off, if you don't care about the technicalities and just want a script to do everything for you, here you go! If you're still interested in how it all works or want to tweak the settings, read on.
This article will walk you through how to either copy or convert video from your webcam or pi camera, set it up as a systemd service, and finally view it on a webpage or access it remotely.
MPEG-DASH vs HLS vs RSTP
So to clear this up first of all, these are "containers" that wrap around the actual video, which is a particular "codec" (such as h264). DASH and RTSP are fully codec agnostic, meaning they are capable of wrapping around any type of video codec. The big gotcha is what type of videos the viewer supports (and in RTSP's case the middleman server as well.)
So if DASH and RTSP can handle everything, why even bother with HLS? Long story short, Apple, who developed HLS, is a bully, so they don't support the open MPEG-DASH on their devices. Meaning if you are trying to share these video streams with the public or view on an Apple device, you will get the most compatibility with HLS.
So now the difference really comes down to how DASH/HLS are HTTP based protocols that can easily be supported in browser. This makes it super easy to set up an all-in-one device that can host it's own webpage to view a video at.
Whereas RTSP requires additional software, such as VLC or a security system to view it. The real advantage with RTSP is the fact it really is nearly "real time" compared to DASH/HLS. Using my Raspberry Pis DASH/HLS seem to have a 10~20 second delay, compared to about 1 second for RTSP. As I already went over how to set that up, I won't repeat it here and only go over DASH. But I personally use RSTP for my own home setup still.
Setting up required software
The two programs you will need are a file server (nginx, apache, python -m http.server, etc…) to host the DASH/HLS content and ffmpeg. And you don't have to hand compile either!
Super short version:
sudo apt install nginx ffmpeg -y
To better understand why we need them and how to test them to make sure they are working properly, read on. Otherwise, skip ahead to "Gather Camera Details".
File Server
Last time we use RTSP which required a special service of it's own. Now we are using HLS and MPEG-DASH, which produce manifest and accompany stream files on the local system. For example, MPEG-DASH will create a manifest.mpd file that contains links to *.m4s files in the same directory which are the chunked up video files.
That means if we make those files accessible remotely, we can use standard HTTP to transport the video. Hence the need for a basic file server. I personally use nginx for the final setup, as it's fast, easy to use, and has defaults we can use out of the box. So lets install it!
 sudo apt install nginx -y
Now all you need to do is open up a web browser on another computer on that network and connect to http://raspberrypi (If you changed hostname, or having trouble connecting, run hostname -I to see it's IP address and use http://<ip_address> instead.) You should see a simple webpage that says "Welcome to nginx!"
FFmpeg
Since the last article came out, FFmpeg has finally started shipping with hardware acceleration built in! If you still want to compile in some custom libraries or try and optimize it for your needs, check out my Raspberry Pi FFmpeg compile guide. Otherwise, just download it from the distribution repositories.
sudo apt install ffmpeg -y
You can verify it's part of the package by checking the encoders for h264_omx.
ffmpeg -hide_banner -encoders | grep omx
Should produce V….. h264_omx OpenMAX IL H.264 video encoder (codec h264) or similar. If for some reason it doesn't have that or other libraries you are looking for, such as the popular fdk-aac, look into my article onto compiling FFmpeg yourself, or use the helper script with the option --compile-ffmpeg.
Gather camera details
If you have the helper script, simply run it with the option --camera-details and it will print out each device and their formats with their highest resolution for each.
python3 streaming_setup.py --camera-details
# /dev/video0: {'yuyv422': '1280x800', 'mjpeg': '1280x720'}
Under the hood, this is running the following command for every device found.
ffmpeg -hide_banner -f video4linux2 -list_formats all -i /dev/video0
To also see what frame rates are supported per resolution, you will have to run the v4l2-ctl command for that device.
v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video0 --list-formats-ext
Create the FFmpeg command
The FFmpeg command is particular about order when talking about input and output details. Ours will be broken down into the following blocks:
ffmpeg <incoming video details> -i <device> <conversion details> <output>
So let's say you are using a raspberry pi camera and want to stream 1080p video without re-encoding it. We first have to tell FFmpeg about the camera details it will pull from.
Applying the Camera Details
In longhand, it would look like this:
-input_format h264 -f video4linux2 -video_size 1920x1080 -framerate 30 -i /dev/video0
Hopefully each of those parts are pretty self explanatory. We can also reduce -video_size, aka the incoming resolution to -s, and -framerate, aka the fps to -r.
Network Bandwidth Considerations
Internet streamers, beware you may not be able to upload directly from the camera's full 1080p at 30fps. I did a quick test using vnstat over a wired connection with a Pi Zero, and found my 5MP OV5647 camera was using almost 20Mbit/s. Keep in mind the official Pi Camera with the sony sensor is 8MP so may be even higher than that.
The following tests were done at two minute averages while the stream was being watched. The averages were recorded, and generally the peaks were 2x the average.
ResolutionfpsAverage Mbit/s
1920×_PHONE_.12
1920×_PHONE_.12
1280×_PHONE_.81
1280×720303.94
1280×720152.75
640×480905.66
640×480604.43
640×480300.93
640×480150.43
Using a Pi Zero with 5MP OV5647 camera over ethernet
Conversion options
Since this already is h264 we don't need anything other than to say copy the incoming stream. So that option is -codec:v copy or shorthand -c:v copy. Which is saying set the codec of v for video tracks to copy aka don't convert.
-c:v copy
If you instead had a webcam that only supported mjpeg input, or if you needed to add text overlay to the video, you would have to recompile FFmpeg. With the Raspberry Pi, you'll want to use the built in hardware encoder, h264_omx. You would then also have to set the bitrate (-b:v) of the outgoing video. That is really camera / network dependent, but my rule of thumb is use video width x hight x 2. So 1920x1080x2 ==4,147,200, so I would set the bitrate to 4M (aka ~4000kb, or ~_PHONE_ bytes).
-c:v h264_omx -b:v 4M
The Raspberry Pi OpenMAX (omx) hardware encoder has very limited options, and doesn't support constant quality or rate factors like libx264 does. So the only way to adjust quality is with the bitrate. As for general quality, it sits between libx264s ultrafast and superfast presets, which is somewhat disappointing but not surprising for a real-time hardware encoder.
MPEG-DASH and HLS output
Personally I would never recommend HLS to a friend, as MPEG-DASH is all around a more open and powerful muxer. But


text:
Deuterated compounds – in which a drug molecule's carbon-hydrogen bond is replaced with a carbon deuterium bond to extend the drug's half-life – continue to show promise in potentially boosting the bioavailability and safety of some drugs.
The deuterated compound market has attracted many new companies looking to develop and patent deuterated versions of various existing, non-deuterated therapeutic compounds—known as the "Deuterium Switch."
What is a Deuterated Drug?
A deuterated drug is a small molecule with medicinal activity. It is made by replacing one or more of the hydrogen atoms contained in the drug molecule with deuterium – a hydrogen isotope whose nucleus contains one neutron and one proton. As deuterium and hydrogen have nearly the same physical properties, deuterium substitution is the smallest structural change that can be made to a molecule.
To Deuterate or Not to Deuterate – That's the Regulatory Question
Developers of deuterium switch compounds must show significant clinical benefits over existing non-deuterated versions to justify why they should replace existing or less expensive therapies. However, such a switch can:
- Take advantage of the clinical knowledge concerning the non-deuterated version of the compound
- Benefit from new patent protections
- Result in improved therapies and patient outcomes.
Did you know that most large pharmaceutical companies today also claim deuterated versions of new molecules in their patent applications?
Benefits of Deuterated Versions of Drugs
Deuterated versions of existing drugs can benefit from improved pharmacokinetic or toxicological properties. Because of the kinetic isotope effect, which is the change in rate of a chemical reaction when one of the atoms in the reactants is substituted with one of the isotopes, drugs that contain deuterium may have significantly lower metabolism rates. As the C-D bond is ten times stronger than the C-H bond, it is much more resistant to chemical or enzymatic cleavage and the difficulty of breaking the bond can decrease the rate of metabolism. Lower metabolism rates give deuterated drugs a longer half-life, making them take much longer to be eliminated from the body. This reduced metabolism can extend a drug's desired effects, diminish its undesirable effects, and allow less frequent dosing. The replacement may also lower toxicity by reducing toxic metabolite formation.
A major potential advantage of deuterated compounds is the possibility of faster, more efficient, less costly clinical trials, because of the extensive testing the non-deuterated versions have previously undergone. The main reasons compounds fail during clinical trials are lack of efficacy, poor pharmacokinetics or toxicity. With deuterated drugs, efficacy is not in question – allowing the research to focus on pharmacokinetics and toxicity. Deuterated versions of drugs might also be able to obtain FDA approval via a 505(b)(2) NDA filing, a faster, less expensive route.
Manufacturing Deuterium Exchanged APIs
With our expertise in deuteration technology, Neuland Labs uses a synthetic approach where deuterium-enriched material is combined with the drug to produce deuterated drugs. Another approach, called an exchange approach, uses a catalyst to produce a deuterated molecule.
The most popular process for sourcing deuterium for drugs is extracting D2O from regular water via the Girdler sulfide (also known as the Geib-Spevack) process, which uses a temperature difference and hydrogen sulfide to enrich deuterium in water by up to 20%.
Deuterated Molecules Advance in Clinical Trials
While Deuteration has been around literally for decades, I mentioned in an article last year at PharmTech (Pharma APIs: It's Still a Small World) that most deuterium chemistry efforts are currently in the pre-formulation stage.
Those deuterated compounds that have advanced are generally performing well in clinical trials. In July, a deuterated drug reached Phase III testing for the first time, in a study to treat Huntington's disease. Known as deutetrabenazine, the drug was found to reduce the disease symptoms and the frequency of administration, and it is currently being considered for approval by the FDA.
Recently, another investigational new drug targeting nonalcoholic steatohepatitis & adrenomyeloneuropathy (a deuterium-stabilized [R]-enantiomer of pioglitazone) recently completed FDA review and appears headed towards a Phase 1 study.
Growing Opportunity for Deuterated Drugs
The current market value of companies specializing in this technology suggests that the value of "deuterium switching" could be more than a $1 billion, and that the greatest discoveries in the field have yet to occur.


text:
|Cemetery notes and/or description:|
The cemetery was first used during the battle of Bunker Hill on June 17, 1775. This cemetery was part of the Freedom Trail. British soldiers placed cannon here to bombard Breed's HIll on June 17, 1775. Robert Newman, black educator Prince Hall, and blacks and mulattos who worked in the shipyards of the North End are interred within these ancient grounds dating to 1660.
This cemetery is referred to as BOS.808 Copp's Hill Burying Ground in the "MACRIS Survey of Massachusetts Cemeteries". It was established in 1660.


text:
You can use Nelio Popups to specifically show a popup to visitors using a specific device type.
In this article, you'll learn how to target users of devices to show your popup.
Using Device Condition
When you are ready to use the Device condition, follow these steps:
- Go to Nelio Popups » All Popups and edit the one you want.
- In the editor sidebar, go to the Settings panel, and open the Conditions tab.
- Add or modify a condition by selecting 'Device'.
Then, you can select if you want to target users whose device is one of the list, or those whose device is not in the list. To do so, select the 'is' or 'is not' condition from the selector.
Finally, select the list of devices for the condition. You can select amongst the following values:
- Smart TV
After setting the condition, save the popup and then it will open if the condition is met.


text:
Nadishana uses the Trinity System in his instrument.
Vladiswar Nadishana is a siberian multi-instrumentalist, composer, recording producer and instrument designer, who creates his own unique approach to music, web design, dance and videoart.
Nadishana works in ethnic fusion, ethnic jazz and world fusion. His music is based on creative synthesis of different musical traditions of the world on the basis of contemporary technologies. V. Nadishana plays on more than 100 instruments of the world, including self-created.
He elaborates the unique playing technique on each of his instruments and his own approach to advanced digital audio editing called "sound microsurgery".
In 1990 along with studying in St-Petersburg V. Nadishana began his self-education in playing guitar. Then he became seriously interested in ethnic music and mastered himself other instruments: sitar, mandola, chanzy, bouzouki, jew's harp, kou xiang, khomus, morsing, ethnic percussion (darabuka, djembe, kalangu, udu, cajon, frame drums, berimbao); winds (bansuri, quena, overtone flutes, kalyuka, zhaleyka, gayda, hu-lu-si, duduk, bawu, tsaaj nplaim), fretless bass. Besides he has created some experimental musical instruments: dzuddahord, pruzhingum, plastrimbaphon, rablorrum, ghostcatcher, pin-sansa, rod-spring gamelan, banbang etc.
While living in Cheremshanka village (South of Siberia) V. Nadishana established "Sound Microsurgery Department" (SMD). SMD is a creative research laboratory handling a wide variety of projects: from mastering unknown ancient musical instruments to elaborating new creative methods of work with digital audio. SMD researches also how musical instruments influence the consciousness and inner organs of the human body (the project "Move Your Chakra!").
Nadishana improved and developed the playing technique on several instruments. In fact some of them were museum pieces and he gave them a new life. For example he developed the tradition of playing on Russian overtone flute kalyuka and enhanced it's construction. He also has elaborated a new approach of playing on chinese kou xiang and jew's harp sets and has incorporated very rare Hmong free reed flute tsaaj nplaim into ethno-jazz arrangements etc.
Using a multi-track overdubbing method V. Nadishana created some solo albums in his own studio.
Check out _URL_ for more information.
©K&K Sound Systems Inc | The Acoustic Pickup Authority
92798 Cape Arago Hwy, Coos Bay, Oregon 97420 | _PHONE_ | Toll Free _PHONE_ | _URL_


% of participants had addictive-like eating behavior towards some foods. They repeatedly had the desire to quit eating them, but were unable to. Below, you'll see the results about which foods were the most and least addictive.

18 most addictive foods and 17 least addictive

Pizza (4.01) , Chocolate (3.73), Chips (3.73), Cookies (3.71), Ice cream (3.68), French fries (3.60), Cheeseburgers (3.51), Soda (not diet) (3.29), Cake (3.26), Cheese (3.22), Bacon (3.03), Fried chicken (2.97), Rolls (plain) (2.73), Popcorn (buttered) (2.64), Breakfast cereal (2.59), Gummy candy (2.57), Steak (2.54), Muffins (2.50)
Once again we see a strong showing for cooked and processed foods. Animal products are among the most addictive also. However, we see no sign of fruit or vegetables in the most addictive group.

17 Least Addictive

Cucumbers (1.53), Carrots (1.60), Beans (no sauce) (1.63), Apples (1.66), Brown rice (1.74), Broccoli (1.74), Bananas (1.77)
Salmon (1.84), Corn (no butter or salt) (1.87), Strawberries (1.88), Granola bar (1.93), Water (1.94), Crackers (plain) (2.07)
Pretzels (2.13), Chicken breast (2.16), Eggs (2.18), Nuts (2.47)
We see clearly that the raw fruits and vegetables are all in the top 10 least addictive foods. The results here are a little confusing however. Water, for example, is showing as more addictive than crackers or pretzels! Some whole foods that are usually cooked are showing in the top 10 least addictive also. Salmon is showing as less addictive than Strawberries!
Broadly, the pattern we see here is that the raw fruits and vegetables are among the least addictive foods. Of the most addictive foods, cooked and processed foods make up the entire list.

The Opinions Of Vegan Doctors

Many vegans and raw vegans respect the advice of some of the well known vegan doctors. Whether these doctors can be truly said to be experts in nutrition is debatable but their opinion is influential in vegan circles. What do they have to say?

Dr Joel Kahn

Dr Joel Kahn is a cardiologist from the USA. Known as "America's Healthy Heart Doc" he has been treating patients with a plant based diet for many years. In this article he wrote about animal products, sugar and fat as being addictive but also believe that wheat and rice have addictive properties:
6 Foods That Behave Like Addictive Drugs In Your Body
_URL_
Dairy– No food group has been studied more for opioid activity than dairy, particularly milk and cheese. The protein in dairy, casein, is digested into smaller peptides and there are a family of active agents called casomorphins. The desire for cheese can be blocked by the same medicines used to reverse drug overdoses in emergency rooms!
Meat- The blood in meat contains albumin, hemoglobin and gamma globulin and all of these chemicals activate opioid receptors. When meat eaters were treated with a drug used to block opiate receptors, ham consumption fell by 10%, salami by 25% and tuna by 50%!
Wheat and rice– Gliadin is a protein in wheat that has opiate activity and is sometimes referred to as gliadorphin. There is also a protein in rice that produces similar effects. If you can't stop reaching for the bread bowl, it's most likely because of this feel-good chemical trap.
Sugar and fat- Headlines worldwide last fall reported on a study in rats showing a preference for Oreo cookies, used for their high sugar and fat content, that was similar to providing the rats cocaine and morphine. Actually, prior studies in humans had already shown the opioid like effects of mixing sugar and fat (think: donut) that could be reversed with narcotic blockers.

Dr Michael Greger (NutritionFacts.org)

Many vegans look to Dr Michael Greger as the font of all wisdom when it comes to what is healthy to eat. In a number of articles he has confronted the idea of food addiction:
_URL_
"Evidence from PET scans suggests brain activity changes from the overconsumption of sugar may parallel that of drug addiction. Diminished "pleasure center" dopamine pathway sensitivity in obese individuals may be analogous to that found in cocaine addicts and alcoholics."
Circuits In Human Obesity and Addiction
"A reduction in dopamine receptors is associated with addictive behaviour irrespective of whether it is due to food or to addictive drugs. Dopamine is the neurotransmitter primarily involved in the pleasure and reward centre in our brain helping to motivate our drive for things like food, water and sex.
It was healthy and adaptive for our primate brains to drive us to eat that banana when there wasn't much food around but now (with modern processed foods) this adaptation has become a dangerous liability."
Can One Become A Sugar Addict?
_URL_
Are Fatty Foods Addictive?
"People who regularly eat ice cream—sugar and fat—have a deadened dopamine response in their brains to drinking a milkshake. It's like when drug abusers have to use more and more to get the same high. "Frequent [ice cream] consumption…is related to a reduction in reward-region responsivity in humans"—they're talking about the pleasure center—"paralleling the tolerance observed in drug addiction." Once we've so dulled our dopamine response, we may subsequently overeat "in an effort to achieve the degree of satisfaction experienced previously, which contributes to unhealthy weight gain."
Consumption of a calorie-dense diet compared to the same number calories in a calorie-dilute diet leads to that numbing of the dopamine response. It's like the difference between cocaine and crack. Same stuff chemically, but by smoking crack cocaine, we can deliver a higher dose quicker to our brain.
Rather than taking drugs, though, we can prevent the deadening of our pleasure center in the first place by sticking to foods that are naturally calorically dilute—like whole plant foods. This can help bring back our dopamine sensitivity, such that we can again derive the same pleasure from the simplest of foods.
Dr Neal Barnard

Dr Neal Barnard is known for his work with the Physician's Committee for Responsible Medicine and also his book on reversing diabetes with a plant based diet. He has written a book on addictive foods:
Breaking The Food Seduction
In this book he claims that sugar, chocolate, meat and cheese release opiates in the brain. You can view a presenation on this below:
PCRM addictive foods
Sugar, chocolate, and meat trigger the release of opiates within the brain. Researchers have proven that foods have opiate effects by using an opiate-blocking medicine called naloxone. Cheese produces mild opiates called casomorphins, as it digests.
These drug-like effects of foods help explain why we get "hooked" on some foods and not others.
Certain good habits help us reduce the lure of "addicting" foods. Having a healthy breakfast, getting plenty of sleep, physical exercise, and other steps can really help.
_URL_
From these examples, we can see that these respected vegan physicians believe that food addiction is a real issue. They suggest sticking to whole foods which are less addictive. Obviously, fruits and vegetables are a part of that. Joel Kahn goes a step forward and offers evidence to show that even cooked whole foods like wheat and rice can be addictive.
Conclusions
1. The science tends to suggest that Food Addiction is a real concern
2. The consumption of certain foods can trigger the brain's reward centres in an unhealthy way leading to an addiction to that food.
3. The most addictive foods tend to be processed and cooked foods, often with the addition of salt, sugar and oil
4. Fruits and vegetables tend to be rated among the least addictive foods.

The Symptoms Of Food Addiction

Though the science on which foods are addictive is not fully settled we can look at our own behaviour to see if we have the symptoms of food addiction. If you have experienced any of the following symptoms you may have a food addiction:
1. End up eating more than planned when you start eating certain foods
2. Keep eating certain foods even if you're no longer hungry or eat to the point of feeling ill
3. When certain foods aren't available, go out of your way to obtain them
4. You eat certain foods so often or in such large amounts that you start eating food instead of working, spending time with the family, or doing recreational activities.
5. You avoid professional or social situations where certain foods are available because of fear of overeating.
6. You have problems functioning effectively at your job or school because of food and eating.
7. Routinely eating more quickly than others
8. A tendency to try and keep


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The corned beef and vegetables should all be fork tender . Internal temperature should be at least 160°F for food safety; for optimal tenderness, cook to an internal temperature of 190°F.
Can you overcook corned beef?
2. Cooking Over a High Temperature. Brisket is not a fan of high temperature. When cooked on high for too long, corned beef is likely to turn out tough and chewy rather than soft and tender.
How long should you cook corned beef?
Simmer 45-50 minutes per pound (until meat is fork tender). Approximately 2 ½ -3 ½ hours. Once tender, remove meat from the pot and cover (reserve the cooking liquid, this will flavor your vegetables). Place corned beef in a 250°F oven to keep warm.
How do I know when my corned beef is done?
How to tell if the corned beef is done? It should be greyish brown at that point, but you can still check it with a thermometer to be sure. Remember that the corned beef needs to reach an internal temperature of 145°F to be safe for eating.
Is it better to boil or bake corned beef?
Cooking over a high temperature.
When cooked at a boil for too long, corned beef is likely to turn out tough and chewy, rather than soft and tender. Do this instead: Regardless of the cooking method, corned beef is best cooked over low heat.
Does corned beef get more tender the longer it is cooked?
The more tender the cut, the more tender the corned beef. However you can make beef brisket, including corned beef brisket, more tender by cooking the snot out of it. The reason is because the more you cook it, the more the connective tissue breaks down and therefore, the more tender the meat becomes.
How do you make corned beef more tender?
Always slice against the grain
When you're done cooking the corned beef, make sure you slice against the grain of the meat. This will produce a more tender result; if you slice with the grain, you'll find a more tough and stringy texture when you chew.
Why is my corned beef slimy?
It's brined – ok it's pickled and that leaches collagen out of the meat so yes it has a viscous (slimy to some) which is part of why it needs rinsing in several changes of water. The other is to get the salt off the surface. Do that and you should be fine.
Is corned beef healthy?
Corned beef is full of protein and fat, and it's a good source of many vitamins and minerals (1, 2 ). Note that a serving of corned beef provides more than one-third of the DV for sodium. It's difficult to make a low sodium version of corned beef because the brine salt helps tenderize the meat.
How do you fix rubbery corned beef?
Corned beef must be heated at above 250 degrees Fahrenheit, so that the tough, stringy meat will separate. Simmering it in this manner can revive its taste and texture. Let the corned beef simmer for about 30 minutes. This finishes the cooking process and makes it tender.
Is corned beef supposed to fall apart?
How Long to Cook Corned Beef in the CrockPot. Cook in the slow cooker on high for closer to 6 hours. Most recipes recommend you cook the brisket for 4 to 4 1/2 hours on high in the slow cooker. In doing so you'll have nicely cut portions that while tender, simply don't fall apart when stuck with a fork.
How do you know when corned beef is done in slow cooker?
How do you know when corned beef is done in the slow cooker? The meat is ready when it is "fork-tender". This is a good indication that is properly cooked, tender, and ready for serving. In addition, I recommend using a meat thermometer to check the internal temperature.
Do you use the juice in the corned beef package?
To make the corned beef, open the sealed package right over the slow cooker, because you want to include the brine in the cooking liquid. Don't discard the brine. Place the meat into the cooker and add enough cold water to cover. … Cooking time depends on the size of the cut, as well as how you like it cooked.
What is the most tender corned beef?
The brisket is a tough cut of meat. Some prefer the point because it tends to be more tender and juicy after cooking. The flat or round cut is much leaner, as you can see. Once it's prepared, it has a better presentation than the point.
How do you keep corned beef from floating?
Add enough water to cover the meat by 1 inch. NOTE: the briskets will float, so I put a heavy heat-resistant plate or bowl on top to keep them submerged.
Why is it called corned beef?
Originally the word "corn" came from the Germanic word "kurnam," meaning "small seed." In the 17th century, salted beef started taking on the name "corned beef" in some parts of England because of the large "kernels" of rock salt used to preserve the it.


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Objectives: The Health Survey for England physical activity module interview, although not validated, is used as a performance indicator to see if people are achieving current physical activity targets and is the primary source of information for physical activity related policy making. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of the Health Survey for England physical activity module as a measure of physical activity in older adults with coronary heart disease.
Methods: Seventy-two older adults who had experienced a cardiac event completed the Health Survey for England physical activity interview and wore an accelerometer for seven consecutive days. Physical activity classification levels were derived from accelerometry and from the Health Survey for England physical activity interview, together with the number of episodes in which participants were moderately active for 30 min or more.
Results: The Health Survey for England physical activity interview exhibited high sensitivity (1.0) and specificity (0.76) for people engaged in high levels of physical activity, moderate sensitivity (0.40) and specificity (0.56) for people engaged in medium levels of physical activity and low sensitivity (0.35) and high specificity (0.92) for people engaged in low levels of physical activity. Compared with the accelerometer, the survey misclassified 63% of participants.
Conclusions: The Health Survey for England physical activity interview misclassified true activity levels in older adults with heart disease by overestimating actual activity in the less active participants. Similar biases on self-report physical activity measures have been demonstrated in the general population, suggesting that the Health Survey for England physical activity module interview may be providing inaccurate information on national activity levels.


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NOTE: The research that led to the development of Smart Grazing was conducted with sheep. The basic principles underlying its benefit for reducing the number of worm larvae on pasture will remain the same but its effectiveness in goats has not been established.
'Smart grazing' is a system developed in Victoria by Dr Paul Niven to create low worm-risk autumn weaner paddocks in winter rainfall regions. This was adapted for the Northern Tablelands of NSW by Dr Justin Bailey, and is called 'Smart Grazing—summer rainfall'. Both versions are based on very short periods of intensive grazing at increased stocking rates.
The Northern Tablelands version takes advantage of a four-month cold period in winter (May-August) combined with two bursts of intensive grazing in summer and autumn. This results in an eight-month period where contamination of the paddock with worm eggs is prevented and most of the existing eggs and larvae die.
The process uses a high stocking rate during the grazing period, about four times normal, in order to rapidly reduce the pasture mass, thus increasing exposure of worm larvae to the elements to increase death rate.
The success also relies on the sheep used for grazing being treated with a fully effective drench and that they only graze the paddocks within the protection period of that drench.
Steps for 'Smart grazing—summer rainfall'


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I found the following information in the user manual:
Pin function assignments can be changed "on-the-fly" from one peripheral to another while the part is running. To disconnect a peripheral from the pins and change the pin function assignment, follow these steps:
1. Enable the clock to the switch matrix.
2. Find the pin assign register for the current pin function. For example, register PINASSIGN0 for pin function U0_RXD. 3. Set the corresponding bits in the PINASSIGN register to their default value 0xFF.
4. Clear all pending interrupts for the disconnected peripheral and ensure that the peripheral is in a defined state.
5. In the pin assign register for the new pin function, program the pin number.
6. Disable the clock to the switch matrix.
Please let me know if this helps,
Have a nice day


text:
When various daemons or processes freeze or hang up, they need to be forcefully terminated in order to stop the illegal operation or harm they may be causing to your system. The general procedure to kill or terminate any process on Linux is to first find out it's pid (Process Id) using a grep command on the ps -A command. This will tell us the pid of the process to be killed. Then this pid is passed as a parameter to the kill command to terminate the process.
But this is a very lengthy process involving two steps. A process can be easily terminated in just one single step, using the pkill command. You just need to know the name of the process to be killed. All you have to do is pass this process name as a parameter to the pkill command to kill or terminate your process. Simple enough, eh?


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Lamp Shell Terebratulina septentrionalis
It would be easy to mistake a lamp shell for a small bivalve mollusk, as both have a hinged shell in two parts and live attached to the sea floor. Lamp shells, however, have a very thin, light shell and the two parts are different sizes, with the smaller one fitting into the larger. The shell valves cover the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the animal whereas in bivalve mollusks they are on the left and right side of the body. Lamp shells attach their pear-shaped shell to hard surfaces by means of a fleshy stalk that emerges from a hole in the ventral shell valve. With the shell valves gaping open, the animal draws in a current of water that brings plankton with it. Taking up most of the space inside the shell is a feeding structure called the lophophore, which consists of two lateral lobes and a central coiled lobe covered in long ciliated tentacles. The beating of the cilia creates the water current. Lamp shells are found worldwide, but they are especially abundant in colder waters. In the northeastern Atlantic, Terebratulina septentrionalis is mostly found in deep water, while along the east coast of North America, it commonly occurs in shallow water. This species is very similar to Terebratulina retusa.


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If a recipe calls for barley, should you use hulled or pearl? Can you substitute one for the other? What's the difference?
Hulled barley, also known as barley groats, is the whole grain form of barley, with only the outermost hull removed. Chewy and rich in fiber, it's the healthiest kind of barley. However, it takes longer to cook than pearl barley, about an hour or more.
Pearl barley is the most common form of barley. It's still chewy and nutritious, but less so than hulled barley because the outer husk and bran layers have been removed. The polished grains are also softer and take less time to cook, about 40 minutes.
Most recipes call for pearl barley or intend for cooks to use this type even if they don't specify. However, it is usually fine to substitute hulled barley. Just be aware that you may need to adjust the recipe cooking time.
Here are a few recipes from the Kitchn archives:
Related: Good Question: How Do I Cook Barley?
(Image: Emily Ho)


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Recently I saw a Smart car parked side on in a bay and thought, what a great idea. Wouldn't it be great if he gets to pay less for parking and large car owners get to pay more? Why not charge for parking by the linear foot\meter or whatever?
So the general idea is: you mark up the road with a series of stripes asay 50 cm apart. The user comes along and parks their car. Out they hop and count the stripes that the car covers. They then go to the meter and pay a sliding parking charge according to the covered stripes. Some courtesy rules would exist for example to leave two uncovered stripes between vehicles, but other than that the only thing the user needs to check is how many stripes they are covering.
The great thing about this idea is that it's really easy to charge more for larger cars: the scale could be non linear to act as a deterrent to bring large cars into town. In general such a system would have a very cheap entry level for micro vehicles, curve to a plateau for average vehicles and rapidly rise for larger cars.
The relatively simple repeating nature of the pattern could be laid down by an automated machine rather then manually, and the lines need not use more resource (time or material). In fact measuring would be easier as the nature of the pattern is the regular repeating nature.
As should be obvious, the amount of vehicles which can be concurrently parked would vary with the mean size of the vehicles, but just an average should show that more cars could be parked.


Homework Help
Describe the roles of women in the past and the present.
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Describe the roles of women in the past and the present.
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pohnpei397's profile pic
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The role of women is something that varies significantly across the world today. However, we can generally say that women's roles have been expanded from what they traditionally were in the past. This is especially true in more developed countries.
In more developed countries in particular, more jobs require little physical strength. This means that there are many fewer jobs that women are less able to do. As a result, women's roles have expanded to the point where a majority of women tend to participate in the labor market. Along with this has come a great increase in the status of women. The idea that women and men are equal is much more (though not universally) accepted than it ever has been in the past.
Of course, this is not true for all women in the developed world and is even less true in many parts of the developing world.
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Obviously, you are asking a broad question that can be answered with broad generalizations that are relatively meaningless in specific situations, or you can give detailed responses that vary greatly from place to place and at different times in history.
In the far distant past, women's role was to bear young and care for them. As part of that caring, women have traditionally been very involved in food preparation, which in many cultures expanded to include agricultural efforts to raise food as well as collecting water, gathering fuel for cooking, and making of objects needed by the family such as pottery and clothing.
As tools and technology has evolved, the assumed role of the woman as the caregiver has ceased to be the only acceptable role in some parts of the world and in some cultures, although it persists in other areas. The generalizations have many more exceptions in today's world.
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I would throw out the thought that in the U.S., at least, the only real sexism comes from people with no sense of reality. Any woman in the U.S. is free to do anything she wants, any time she wants. There are abusive relationships, of course, and there are sexist bosses and so forth, but I've never encountered a woman in my life who couldn't work, or drive, or go out in public without a man and with her legs showing. Really, we can see the progression of woman's rights just by comparing certain third-world countries with the U.S. and making a timeline. Some people are just stuck in the past, and abuse of women and their rights is a part of that past.
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Where to start? For thousands of years, women (in cultures dominated by by men) were subservieant to men. There are a few exceptions were the lineage of a family was traced on the mother's side, surnames came from the mother, etc. However, the lineage in most cultures generally follows the male line of the family.
In some cultures, women work/worked side-by-side men. In the Anglo-Saxon period, women often fought alongside the men. In many very old and traditional cultures (both in terms of and religious) women are seen as second-class citizens. The old addage of women "barefoot and pregnant" still exists today in some areas of the world. Women are not allowed to make major decisions in the family and are expected to submit in all things to the husband; they cannot own anything, and they are not permitted to go to school. This is certainly the way things were in England hundreds of years ago, where women could not (historically) inherit money or property, or if they did, it was forfeited to the husband when the woman married. Widows might not marry again for just this reason.
Today, at least in America, women are on a more equal footing with men in most cases: often by necessity, where women can now compete in the workplace for jobs that were once traditionally held by men (as a doctor for example), and also in light of two-parent working households. In other countries, still women are treated without value. I recently men a man of a particular faith who would not shake my hand because I was a woman.
However, more than ever, opportunities in becoming educated, serving in medicine, politics, news reporting—in fact, most career opportunities—are open to women in this country. Things have changed a great deal over the last three hundred years in America—even since women won the right to vote near the beginning of the twentieth century, and equal opportunity legislation was passed just past the middle of the twentieth century.
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Women's roles vary by society and time period, but there has been a gradual increase in gender equality, especially in the last hundred years. Women do not have equal rights in some countries, especially in the Middle East. American women may be able to do the same jobs as men, but they still are ofen paid less and promoted less often.
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In response to post #4
Even though women legally have the same rights as men, there is still a lot of sexism and double standards in this country. Women are still oversexualized and objectified. Older women in Hollywood are not as successful as the men. The list goes on and on about the disrepancies between the genders, and it is not certainly just a thing of the past.
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There is so much that can be said in relation to this post. To pick up on some of what the other editors have commented upon, let us be aware that many people claim that, although the conditions for women have become far more equitable, at the same time there is still what is called a "glass ceiling" that prevents women from achieving the same levels of responsibility and salaries as men, and it is all the more pernicious because it is "glass" and therefore invisible.
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The role of Western women through history is ofttimes oversimplified and misinterpreted through the lens of recent history for which there are far more records. Focusing on the 1950s, women came to be idealized as a result of the affects of two World Wars, with houses in isolated, idealized suburbs and Christian Dior styles that glorified form and restricted movement, etc. Focusing on the 19th century, women in Western societies hit their lowest point with patriarchal pomposity and grandiosity significantly heightened. These two eras form much of what today is inadequately called the "traditional" roles of women.
As antiquities archaeologist Robin Lane Fox says, while literature cannot stand in lieu of archaeological evidence, it must be taken seriously into account as it must have rung true in the society in which it was written to have been accepted. Therefore literature can give guidelines to the roles women had in more remote eras. Women have been spoken of since Biblical times as running private businesses, managing large pools of domestic servants and making significant contributions to society. In fact, Fox speaks of inscriptions at Delphi that identify women as the authoritarian and financial sponsors for grand and culturally important civic buildings in antiquity. In Beowulf, Wealhtheow may not have had legal power, but she had personal power and authority. For example, she could order her husband's men and they would obey her: She was not a "traditional" Victorian nor an idealized 1950s woman, at all.
Further, historian writers of an AP text declare that their research connects the idea of a woman's place being in the home to post-plague times when part of promises of marriage included the promise to keep the woman safe at home, in other words, not exposed to the terrors of the plague. This places the rise of the connection between a woman's place and the home with love and protection instead of with dominance, suppression and subjugation. In brief (?!), the role of Western women has changed so vastly throughout the ages and from such diverse causes that there is no single descriptive umbrella that can identify a simplistic or "traditional" or uniform role for Western women.
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The role of women is much different today than it was in the past. Today, women work outside the home much more (a single income household is simply too hard to support). Women also have more power than they have in the past. Look at the influence of women like Michelle Obama and Oprah.
Women are required to balance a lot more today than in the past as well. Jobs, children, homes, life in general.
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It would be inappropriate to say that their role have changed, but instead they have taken new roles along with the role they used to play earlier. Women earlier had the role of home maker alone, now they are the bread earner and home maker together.
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I will start by apologizing as many will not like this question.
I am reading the paper COHOMOLOGY THEORY OF GROUPS WITH A SINGLE DEFINING RELATION and having focused on typology throughout my studies i finding myself to be in a lost notation wise.
 1. Let $F$ be a free subgroup in $G$ with generators $x_i$, then elements in $F$ are represented by "words" or a final sequence of $x_i^{\pm1}$. In Page 650 (first one in this article) and 658 they state that every such word $R$ "can be expressed uniquely as a power $R=Q^q$ for $q$ maximal" Nowhere do they explain what is this $Q$, any ideas, links, resources for me to search in?
 2. Let $R$ be a normal subgroup in $G$, what does the notation $(R, R)$ symbolize? they used it in pages 650 and 658 without ever explaining.
Am i reading this paper wrong? Or are these notation so common they are never introduced?
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1. $R=xyz$ can be written as $R=(xyz)^1$, so here $Q=xyz$. $R=xyxy$ can be written as $R=(xy)^2$, so here $Q=xy$. 2. Is probably the commutator. – user641 Dec 1 '12 at 21:38
Oh, that makes sense, thank you very much, What about (R,R)? – user44874 Dec 1 '12 at 21:42
The general references for one-relator groups are two books, both called "combinatorial group theory" (the second was named in honour of the first!). The first was by Magnus, Karrass and Solitar, the second by Lyndon (he who wrote the paper you are reading) and Schupp. I suppose they're pretty out of date now, but they are excellent places to start: the tools laid down by Magnus in his 1931 thesis are still used today! – user1729 Dec 3 '12 at 10:24
1 Answer 1
 1. Maybe you prefer more elaborate would be a formulation like this: "For every word $R$ over the alphabet $A$ there exist $(Q,q)$ such that $Q$ is a word over the alphabet $A$ and $q\in\mathbb N$ and $R=Q^q$ is the $q$-fold concatenation of $Q$ with itself. One example of such a pair for arbitray $R$ is $(R,1)$ as trivially $R=R^1$. If $R$ is not the empty word, then $Q$ in such a pair cannot be the empty word and hence $q$ is bounded from above by the length of the word $R$. Hence there exist such pairs $(Q,q)$ for which $q$ attains te maximal possible value. Since $Q_1\ne Q_2$ implies $Q_1^q\ne Q_2^q$ (if $q\ge 1$), the word $Q$ for which the maximal possible $q$ is attained, is uniquely determined."
 2. Since they refer in passing to $R/(R,R)$ as the abelianized group, $(R,R)$ should denote the commutator. Today, writing $[R,R]$ seems to be the preferred notation.
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September 6, 2011
A normal linked list can be accessed only at its head. A double-ended queue, or deque (pronounced "deck"), can be accessed at either end. Like a normal list, a deque can be null. New elements can be added at either end, the element at either end of a non-null deque can be fetched, and the element at either end of a non-null deque can be deleted. Deques are a combination of stacks and queues.
Your task is to write a function library that implements deques; you should be sure that all operations are performed in constant time. When you are finished, you are welcome to read or run a suggested solution, or to post your own solution or discuss the exercise in the comments below.
Pages: 1 2


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East Asian Art
Lidded Sutra Box with Design of Peonies, Leafy Fronds, and Long-Tailed BirdsMade in Japan, Asia
Momoyama Period (_PHONE_), Late 16th century
Artist/maker unknown, Japanese
Black lacquer on wood with gold lacquer decoration
Currently not on view
2002-197-1a,bPurchased with the Hollis Family Foundation Fund, 2002
LabelThis box was made to contain sutras, the sacred texts of Buddhism. The gold lacquer motif on the lid and sides is the so-called hosoge karakusa pattern: the imaginary hosoge (jewel-faced flower) is probably based on the peony and is closely associated with Buddhism, while karakusa (Chinese grasses) refers to the vine motifs that originated with the early Buddhist implements imported to Japan in the sixth century. The floral design was created by sprinkling a light layer of gold dust on a ground of black lacquer.


text: Experiments were carried out to analyze the root and water dynamics simultaneously using a minirhizotron on an Alfisol soil in the semi-arid tropics in 1993. Sorghun (CSH 5), pearl millet (ICMV 221), pigeonpea (ICP 1-6), groundnut (ICGS 11) and cowpea (EC 82-7) were used to describe the relationship between the root length density (RLD) and water uptake by roots per day (WU). During the periods from 37 to 46, from 51 to 59 and from 72 to 77 days after sowing, the average values of RLD of sorghum and pearl millet at the soil depth of 15-60 cm were consistently higher than those of pigeonpea, groundnut and cowpea, whereas the average values of WU of the cereals were not always higher than those of the grain legumes. Thus, there was no significant relationship between RLD and WU for the 5 crops due to the higher values of the specific root water uptake (SRWU) of grain legumes than those of cereals in each period. In this study, it was demonstrated that WU and SRWU as well as RLD for the 5 crops could be estimated by using the minirhizotron since dynamic values of the root length of the 5 crops and soil moisture content (SMC) in each soil layer could be quantified from datasets by frequent observations and with limited sampling errors. Therefore the minirhizotron was found to be a suitable tool for simultaneous monitoring of the root and water dynamics in soil layers except for the soil surface.


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Monday to Friday (Working days only)
Timing 11:00 a.m to 01:00 p.m & 03:00 p.m to 05:00
Important features/characteristics of Biola
1. Biola facilitates easy and early seed germination.
2. The bacteria from Biola releases organic acids in the soil which helps to decrease the pH of the soil and also helps to dissolve the fixed Phosphorous and make it available to the crops.
3. Biola initiates early and easy root development and also increases the efficiency of the roots.
4. Biola application improves the soil status and thus increases crop yield.
5. Biola application also helps to save money required for buying expensive Phosphatic fertilizers.
RCF shall be introducing Azatobactor and Rhizobium culture Bio Fertilizers in near future.
- Biola should be used before expiry date.
- Seed treatments with pesticides may be done before applying Biola.
- Biola should be stored in a cool, dry and shady area so as to keep it away from radiation.
- Biola should not be mixed with pesticides & chemical fertilizers while application.
- It should be used completely once packing is opened so as to retain the bacterial count in Biola.
Method of application of BIOLA for different crops
|Sr.No||Crops||Method of Application||Concentration|
|1||All cereals, pulses & Oilseeds||Treat the seeds with Biola and keep it for drying in shade before sowing.||Take 250gms of Biola, mix with water & treat 10kg. seeds.|
|2||Vegetable crops & flowering plants.||Dip the roots of the saplings with earth ball in Biola solution for five minutes before transplanting.||One kg Biola in 10 liters of water may be taken for dipping the roots.|
|3||Sets of Sugarcane||Dip the sets of sugarcane in Biola solution for 20 minutes & keep it for drying in shade before planting.||Take 5 kg Biola in 50 liters of water for making a standard solution.|
|4||Land Preparation||Use half dose of compost while land preparation.||One kg Biola should be mixed in one cartload of compost or Farm yard manure.|
|5||Application of Biola in sugarcane while earthing up.||Earthing up is done after applying Biola at the rootzone.||10kg Biola may be mixed with 500kg compost or Farm yard manure.|
|6||Fruit grafts/saplings.||Apply Biola mixed with compost at the base of the fruit grafts/saplings by ring method.||100gms of Biola mixed with 5kg compost or Farm yard manure after first shower of monsoon.|
NOTE: RCF SHALL BE INTRODUCING AZATOBACTER & RHIZOBIUM CULTURE BIO-FERTILIZERS IN NEAR FUTURE.