Dear readers, today we are going to talk about articulated dumpers, and more precisely we wish to give you a few tips on how to decide if an ADT suits your needs.
The worst mistake one can make is thinking that it doesn't matter whether to use a rigid or an articulated dumper (ADT) for transporting material. It's true that both have great load capacity, but each of them has some peculiar features and specifications. So, before choosing the vehicle to buy, identify the jobs that the ADT will have to carry out. And keep in mind the following points:
 1. Performing operations efficiently
ADTs have been designed to rapidly and safely move large quantities of material, minimizing the cost per ton of the transported material. Compared to rigid dumpers and other earthmoving vehicles, ADTs work well on soft terrain, and usually they are the first to be used in development stage at a site, when ground conditions are the least favorable ones. Choosing the right ADT can help you increase productivity and optimize haulage times.
 1. Choosing the right loading equipment
The question is: How can you increase productivity limiting the number of travels? Well, if you choose an ADT with the right loading equipment, so operators don't have to wait too long between one and another loading operation.
 1. Scheduled maintenance
We all know the cost of machine downtime, especially if due to equipment failure. The solution is to act before something happens: a special maintenance program is essential to keep your vehicle's performance unchanged and to ensure a longer life-cycle. So, before you make your decision about which ADT to buy, check that you can easily reach the engine compartment and the transmission. Regularly check:
 - the lubrication system to avoid failure due to lack of grease.
 - the tire pressure and tire wear.
 - the engine temperature to avoid damages and expensive repairs.
To prevent unpleasant accidents, you can address to companies that are specialized in scheduled maintenance, and observe also the other maintenance recommendations.
 1. Increasing versatility through more options and accessories
ADTs can be equipped with accessories to increase their potential. Some models have a heating kits that are essential in the coldest season, because it helps moving the engine exhaust through the exhaust body channels, avoiding possible freezing. The cold start-up kit and the heated rear-view mirrors are other useful options for ADTs employed in areas with particularly harsh winters.
 1. Choosing the right tire depending on the application
An important topic we often deal with. Always choose the tires that are suitable for both the equipment and the application. Never undervalue this aspect. By the way...
BKT recommends…
ADTs require extremely resistant and performing tires to support heavy loads. Earthmax SR 41 has been specifically designed for this task. It's a radial tire with an All Steel structure - ideal for all those operations that require traction and stability on particularly tough terrains.
This tire boasts a deep tread class E-4/L-4, which not only increases the tire life-cycle, but also provides maximum resistance to punctures and foreign matters.
Made of the BKT's latest-generation compounds, this tire is available in two different versions: with a cut resistant compound for terrains full of debris of various kind and with a standard compound for mixed applications requiring well-balanced performance.
In short, Earthmax SR 41 is the right tire for your articulated dumpers. Discover the available sizes on our website.
How to choose the right ADT for haulage operations? 2


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Climbing our aerial adventure park is an extremely safe activity as long as all of the Course Rules are followed. All climbers must follow the safety instructions from our expert park monitors and guides.
TreeHoppers set the gold standard for aerial adventure park course construction and management in Central Florida, with the following:
- Our course was engineered to adhere to all industry standards for maximum loads and forces.
- TreeHoppers was constructed by an expert team of fabricators, meeting or exceeding industry standard construction.
- Each of our park monitors and guides receive a rigorous, ACCT-derived training program to fully prepare them for any scenario they may encounter.
- Daily inspections of both aerial and ground elements take place before a single customer climbs in the park.
- Climbing harnesses are provided to each participant. These are the same types of harnesses used by professional climbers throughout the world. Each customer is personally fitted by our expert park monitors and guides to ensure a snug, safe fit.
- We use the proprietary Bornack safety lanyards with all of our climbing harnesses. While the cost of this safety system is several times more than what some of our competitors use, it is a nearly error proof system that even small children can use with ease. Simply put, the system is nearly impossible to unhook the Bornack safety lanyard from our lifeline cable system, even if attempted intentionally.
Trust TreeHoppers for a safe, adventurous day of fun!

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Hand-held Textile Moisture Meter are widely used in leather materials, fabrics, garments, yarn, axis, cheese, textiles and other industry that needs rapid determination of moisture (moisture regain).
- Textile moisture meter using high-frequency theory, LCD digital display, the probe and the host into one.
- Position the probe against the surface to be measured, determine moisture quickly within one second.
- Measure accurately and without any damaging on the surface to be measured.
- Small size, light weight that can be portable for on-site rapid testing.
- Moisture range: 0 ~ 40%
- Work environment: -5 °C ~ +60 °C
- Accuracy: ± 0.5%
- Response time: 1 second
- Display: LCD digital display
- High-frequency scanning depth: 50mm
- Stall converter :0-10
|Width:||60 mm||Length:||160 mm||Height:||27 mm|

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The Top 12 Relationship Problems, According to the Experts
For all the joy that romantic relationships bring us, it is needless to say that they are hard work. In the United States, it is estimated that one in two marriages ends in divorce.
Other data show that approximately 33% of people find it difficult to maintain their romantic relationships.
What makes sustaining a romantic relationship so difficult? A new study forthcoming in the journal Evolutionary Psychology has an answer.
A team of psychologists led by Menelaos Apostolou of the University of Nicosia in Greece found that 'fading enthusiasm,' 'long work hours,' and 'lack of personal time and space' are the three most common problems that prevent people from staying together.
They also estimate that only 30% of adults find it easy to sustain long-term romantic relationships.
To come to this conclusion, the researchers recruited 123 Greek adults to participate in a 40-minute survey interview. During the interview, participants discussed various difficulties they had in their romantic relationships.
The researchers kept track of the challenges mentioned by the participants, identifying 78 in total, and grouped them into 12 broad themes. Finally, they ranked these themes from most common to least common. Here's what they […]


Analysis of the emergency health interventions by a medical helicopter
Section: Originals
How to quote
Pérez Villarroya F, Guillén Barea Y, Bargo Zambudio A, Sánchez Guio T, Silvestre Adivinación J, Miguel Paricio A. Análisis de la atención sanitaria urgente de un helicóptero medicalizado. Metas Enferm may 2018; 21(4):10-4.
Authors
Francisca Pérez Villarroya1, Yésica Guillén Barea2, Albert Bargo Zambudio3, Tania Sánchez Guio4, Jorge Silvestre Adivinación1, Andrea Miguel Paricio5
Position
1Enfermera/o. Sistema Aragonés de Salud y 112 Aragón. Teruel2Enfermera. 112 Aragón. Teruel 3Médico especialista en Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria. 112 Aragón. Teruel4Enfermera. Sistema Aragonés de Salud. Zaragoza5Enfermera. Sistema Aragonés de Salud. Teruel
Contact address
Francisca Pérez Villarroya. C/ Jerónimo Soriano, 1. 44002 Teruel
Contact email: _EMAIL_
Abstract
Objective: to describe the prevalence and characteristics of health conditions managed by the medical helicopter in Teruel for emergency health care.
Method: a descriptive transversal study about the patient care activity of the healthcare helicopter from the 112 Aragón at the Teruel headquarters during 2015. Studied variables: age and gender of the patients managed; activity of the helicopter by months; time to response; places where patient care was conducted; destination of the patients transferred; type of transfer, and condition or reason for the intervention. Descriptive and inference statistical analysis was conducted through Square Chi / Fisher's Exact Test.
Results: During 2015, there were 92 patients managed by the medical helicopter from the 112 Teruel Headquarters: 75% were male and 25% were female. The months with the highest number of emergency calls were July (n= 11), August (n= 19) and September (n= 11). Cardiovascular conditions were the most frequently seen, with 40.2% of cases, and 57% of these were Infarction Code; these were followed by orthopaedic conditions with 26.1%. The time to response was <30 minutes in 60.9% of the emergency interventions.
Conclusions: the use of the medical helicopter allows to offer fast patient care, mostly in less than half an hour, to Aragón inhabitants, and makes it feasible to apply time-dependent treatments, such as those for the Stroke and Cardiac Codes.
Keywords:
Healthcare helicarrier; medical emergency services; ischemic stroke; emergencytransversal study.
Versión en Español
Título:
Análisis de la atención sanitaria urgente de un helicóptero medicalizado


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M.sc in Civil Engineering Engineering Structures and Ecological Engineering
Per Year Tuition Fees
EUR / Year or / Total
18 Month Master / Specialized Master
Application must have a bechlore degree passed
Infrastructure / Teaching Facilities
Why Join Lublin University of Technology?
Lublin University of Technology was established as Evening Engineering School in May 1953 on initiative of Lublin technical societies.
About M.sc in Civil Engineering Engineering Structures and Ecological Engineering
Studies allow students to obtain extensive knowledge within a particular masters specialization. A graduate is prepared to solve complex engineering problems, develop and implement research projects, undertake activities at the international level and participate in the research of the disciplines directly and indirectly related to construction.


Definition of:utility program
utility program
A program that supports using the computer, an application or a development environment. Also called "utilities," utility software is programmed like any other software, except that it plays a supporting role. Usually relatively small programs, they typically perform a limited number of tasks.
Utility programs include file management (creating, moving and renaming folders, copying and deleting files), file search, comparing file contents as well as performing diagnostic routines to check the performance and current health of the hardware.
Custom Utilities
Utilities that support a development environment can perform myriad tasks. For example, at the end of each update cycle of this encyclopedia, custom-programmed utilities are run that make sure all "See this term" references and all picture references are valid.


A Long Goodbye
A Long Goodbye
Barbara Rachko
Soft pastel on sandpaper
The Black Paintings is a series of pastel-on-sandpaper paintings that use cultural objects as surrogates for human beings acting in mysterious, highly-charged narratives. In the Black Paintings the figures (actors) take central stage. All background details, furniture, rugs, etc. are eliminated and replaced by intense dark black pastel. Each painting takes months to complete as Barbara slowly layers and blends up to 30 layers of soft pastel.
The idea for the Black Paintings began when I attended a jazz history course and learned how Miles Davis developed cool jazz from bebop. In bebop the notes were played hard and fast as musicians showcased their technical virtuosity. Cool jazz was a much more relaxed style with fewer notes, i.e., the music was pared down to its essentials. Similarly this series evolved from dense, complex visual compositions into paintings that depict only the essential elements—the actors. As the series evolves what is left out becomes increasingly more important, resulting in more demands being placed on the viewer. – Barbara Rachko
Available framed (35 x 28.5 in)
26 x 20 in. (66 x 51 cm.)


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Survival of the People
Logic puzzles require you to think. You will have to be logical in your reasoning.
There is an island with 10 inhabitants. One day a monster comes and says that he intends to eat every one of them but will give them a chance to survive in the following way:
In the morning, the monster will line up all the people - single file so that the last person sees the remaining 9, the next person sees the remaining 8, and so on until the first person that obviously sees no one in front of himself. The monster will then place black or white hats on their heads randomly (they can be all white, all black or any combination thereof).
The monster will offer each person starting with the last one (who sees everyone else's hats) to guess the color of his/her own hat. The answer can only be one word: "white" or "black". The monster will eat him on the spot if he guessed wrong, and will leave him alive if he guessed right. All the remaining people will hear both the guess and the outcome of the guess. The monster will then go on to the next to last person (who only sees 8 people), and so on until the end.
The monster gives them the whole night to think.
Devise the optimal strategy that these poor natives could use to maximize their survival rate.
1) All the 10 people can easily understand your strategy, and will execute it with perfect precision.
2) If the monster suspects that any of the people are giving away information to any of the remaining team members by intonation of words when answering, or any other signs, or by touch, he will eat everyone.
3) The only allowed response is a short, unemotional "white" or "black".
4) Having said that, I will add that you can put any value you like into each of these words. For example, "white" can mean "my mother did my laundry" and "black" can mean the guy in front of me is wearing a black hat.
Hint1) First hint is an example. Here is a simple strategy that will guarantee safety to 50%. Guy #10 (when he guesses) says the color of the hat on guy #9. Thus #10 may die or may luck out, but #9 will save himself since he will know his hat color. Thus #8 helps #7, #6 helps number #5, and so on. You thus save numbers 9, 7, 5, 3, and 1, or half the people. But you can do a lot better than that.
2) The best strategy will save a minimum of 90% of the people.
Here it is: The first guy to guess (guy #10) will be the only one to assume the following value for the words "white" and "black": The answer "black" will mean that there are an odd number of black hats that he sees. The answer "white" will mean that there are an odd number of white hats that he sees. This way one by one all the other 9 people will know the color of their hats.
Let us say that guy #10 (first to speak, and sees the hats of the remaining 9) says "white". That should mean to everybody else that he sees an odd number of white hats. At this time guy #9 will either be wearing a white or a black hat. If he is wearing a white hat he will only see an even number of white hats, and since guy #10 said that there is and odd number of white hats, guy #9 will know that he is wearing white and will say it. But if guy #9 is wearing a black hat, he will see an odd number of white hats (just like #10 did), and thus will know that he is wearing a black hat and will say it. No matter what #9 answers, guy #8 (who heard guy #10 and guy #9) can now easily incorporate the color of hat on guy #9 into the original answer of guy #10. This will allow #8 to know if he should see an odd or even number of white hats in front of him to determine his own hat color. The same thing repeats with #7-1. And they all get it right except of course #10, though he may get lucky.
Jan 18, 2003
Jan 21, 2003
|Wow, this one makes a lot of sense logically. Great teaser.|
Jan 25, 2003
|it makes sense but i would never have came to that answer|
Jan 29, 2003
|What's wrong with simply saying the color of the hat of the person infront of you? Same survival percentage.|
Jan 30, 2003
|In reply to "Asbestos'" comment. You would only save 50% that way. If you say the color of the person in front of you (lets say black), he/she still has to say black not to get eaten (regardless of what the color in front of them is). So therefore the 3rd person in line will not know their own color since the person before them saved themselves and didn't necessarily speak the color of the next person.|
Feb 06, 2003
|Nice teaser...but situation might mess up after the number 9 guess says his answer. And plus the monster might have put them on not white black white black...etc.|
Feb 07, 2003
|Golfer, there's nothing wrong with the logic in this teaser. It will work no matter what arrangement of hats the monster uses. Also, assumption #1 states that person number 9 WILL NOT mess up. I must say that this is a terrific logic teaser in my opinion.|
Feb 11, 2003
|This was a great riddle with great logic. The best i could do was save a minimum of five depending on the arrangement of hats. |
Feb 15, 2003
|I think it was a bit long personally but it does all make sence so great teaser|
Feb 15, 2003
|The logic works well. Actually, even if person 9 makes the wrong answer, the monster will eat that person, which would be a pretty strong indicator that they made the wrong decision. This could also be accounted for. The only person who need be correct is 10, the rest can be saved by their own logic.|
Feb 15, 2003
|Wow, that was an exellent teaser!|
Feb 15, 2003
|Another way to win is if the 10th guy tells everyone that "white" means your hat is the same color as the guy in front of you and "black" means your hat is a different color from the guy in front of you. Therefore, the only two who have to rely on luck are the 1st and the 10th|
Feb 16, 2003
|This will not work Pookie21. You need to say the colour of your hat in order not to get eaten. |
Feb 17, 2003
|Awesome logic teaser, one of the best I have seen. I could only think of the 50% solution, so I was going to stand and fight to the death. Maybe dig a large spike filled covered hole behind the 10th person as a trap for the monster. But that is not really solving the teaser, it is a Captain Kirk type of solution. 8^)|
Feb 27, 2003
|This is by far the best teaser I've read here. course, i just got here and am going thru the'most popular list'.|
BTW, I came up with the even guys sacrifice by saying the color of the guy in front of thems color, like many of you. Which would result in AT LEAST 50% survival (odds-wise more like 70 or 80%). Think about it... however tyhe solution is brilliant! 90% guaranteed, with 100% possible.
Really cool puzzler!
Feb 28, 2003
|That's going STRAIGHT to my favourites list... TOTALLY a GREAT teaser. It was really fun n.n; and really hard as well Oo;... I came up with some weird thing that was just a guess... nice brain BTW. |
Apr 11, 2003
|Boy, would I not wanna be the last person in line...|
May 06, 2003
|Wouldn't mind being the last guy. Being the first guy is a problem. Brilliant teaser!|
Jun 17, 2003
|My solution was that the last person would say Black or White depending on how many times the colour changed in front of him. Black for even no. of times and white for odd no. of times. From this each person could find out his own colour by seeing the no. of colour changes and deciding whether he is the same colour as the one in front. The given soln. is much simpler, though.|
Jul 02, 2003
|Ya, I got this one. If you know anything about computers, this is the same concept as parity. The way I did it is that White means there are an even number of white hats, while black means odd. Take 0 to mean even. Great riddle|
Nov 15, 2003
|Great Logic! I loved the teaser. |
Jan 05, 2004
|A 3.0/3.0 teaser. One of the

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The Eyespots Have It
07 Nov, 2013
The old proverb about a leopard not being able to change its spots now has a new biological footnote after researchers in Australian recently found that fish exposed to predatory danger can, indeed, transform their spots to make them less vulnerable to attack.
Working with young Ambon Damselfish, Pomacentrus amboinensis, researchers from Australia's ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies (CoECRS) have made the remarkable discovery that, when constantly threatened with being eaten, the fish not only grow a larger false 'eyespot' near their tail–but also reduce the size of their real eyes. Small prey fish with bigger "false eyes" on their rear fins dramatically boosted their chances of survival on the reef, they found.
The changes were not evolutionary—over a succession of generations—but rather a relatively rapid response by individual fish tracked over a period of six weeks.
The enlargement of the eyespots results in a fish that looks like it is heading in the opposite direction–potentially confusing predatory fish targeting them to be eaten, says Oona Lönnstedt, working toward her Ph.D. at CoECRS and James Cook University.
These spots are known as ocelli, and for decades scientists have debated whether false eyespots, or dark circular marks on less vulnerable regions of the bodies of prey animals, played an important role in protecting them from predators–or were simply a fortuitous evolutionary accident. The widely accepted theory is that these spots, found in the juveniles of many species, tend to cause predators to strike at the eyespotted tail or fin rather than the much more vulnerable head region.
The CoECRS team has found the first clear evidence that fish can change the size of both the misleading spot and their real eye to maximise their chances of survival when under threat.
"It's an amazing feat of cunning for a tiny fish," Lonnstedt says. "Young damsel fish are pale yellow in colour and have this distinctive black circular 'eye' marking towards their tail, which fades as they mature. We figured it must serve an important purpose when they are young."
"We found that when young damsel fish were placed in a specially built tank where they could see and smell predatory fish without being attacked, they automatically began to grow a bigger eye spot, and their real eye became relatively smaller, compared with damsels exposed only to herbivorous fish, or isolated ones.
"We believe this is the first study to document predator-induced changes in the size of eyes and eye-spots in prey animals."
When the researchers investigated what happens in nature on a coral reef with lots of predators, they found that juvenile damsel fish with enlarged eye spots had an amazing five-fold increase in survival rate compared to fish with a normal-sized spot.
"This was dramatic proof that eyespots work—and give young fish a hugely increased chance of not being eaten," says Lonnstedt.
"We think the eyespots not only cause the predator to attack the wrong end of the fish, enabling it to escape by accelerating in the opposite direction, but also reduce the risk of fatal injury to the head," she explains.
The team also noted that when placed in proximity to a predator the young damsel fish also adopted other protective behaviours and features, including reducing activity levels, taking refuge more often and developing a chunkier body shape less easy for a predator to swallow.
"It all goes to show that even a very young, tiny fish a few millimetres long have evolved quite a range of clever strategies for survival which they can deploy when a threatening situation demands," Ms Lonnstedt says.
Their paper Predator-induced changes in the growth of eyes and false eyespots by Oona M. Lonnstedt, Mark I. McCormick and Douglas P. Chivers appears in the latest issue of the journal Scientific Reports.
The animal world is full of brilliant colours and striking patterns that serve to hide individuals or attract the attention of others. False eyespots are pervasive across a variety of animal taxa and are among natures most conspicuous markings. Understanding the adaptive significance of eyespots has long fascinated evolutionary ecologists. Here we show for the first time that the size of eyespots is plastic and increases upon exposure to predators. Associated with the growth of eyespots there is a corresponding reduction in growth of eyes in juvenile Ambon damselfish,Pomacentrus amboinensis. These morphological changes likely direct attacks away from the head region. Exposure to predators also induced changes in prey behaviour and morphology. Such changes could prevent or deter attacks and increase burst speed, aiding in escape. Damselfish exposed to predators had drastically higher survival suffering only 10% mortality while controls suffered 60% mortality 72 h after release.
From materials released by the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies (CoECRS).
Featured Image credit: _URL_
Indonesian Biodiversity Research Center
Images this page: Oona Lonnstadt, top.


Nonlinear Dynamics of Grains in a Liquid-Saturated Soil
Document type: Conference Papers
Peer reviewed: Yes
Author(s): Claes Hedberg
Title: Nonlinear Dynamics of Grains in a Liquid-Saturated Soil
Translated title: Ickelinjär dynamik för korn i vätskemättad jord.
Conference name: Proceedings of 16th International Symposium of Nonlinear Acoustics, August 19-23, 2002, Moscow
Year: 2002
City: Moscow, Russia
Organization: Blekinge Institute of Technology
Department: Dept. of Mechanical Engineering (Institutionen för maskinteknik)
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering S-371 79 Karlskrona
+46 455 38 50 00
_URL_
Authors e-mail: _EMAIL_
Language: English
Abstract: Known models with huge nonlinear response of grainy media are based on nonlinear stress-strain relationships typical for solids containing mesoscopic inhomogeneities or defects in their structure. Such nonlinear behaviour is well-defined at significant local deformation caused by high applied load, even if the load does not vary in time. However, there exist a different type of nonlinearity which manifests itself due to inertial forces between grains. Such forces appear in a moving noninertial frame of reference, in particular, if a small system of interacting particles is placed into a vibrating fluid. High spatial gradients of internal forces are determined by the non-uniform distribution of mass. These gradients varying in time can excite the internal degrees of freedom. So, even at harmonic vibration of the fluid caused by sound, the nonlinear internal dynamics can be responsible for generation of higher harmonics. As an example of nonlinearity of inertial type, a model of grainy medium is developed where the grains are immersed into a vibrating fluid. The inertial attractive forces have hydrodynamic origin, and the repulsive forces are caused by deformation of colliding grains. Dynamic and stochastic motion is studied, resonances are discovered and nonlinear response is evaluated.
Summary in Swedish: En skillnad i densitet mellan partiklar och vätska gör att partiklar i ett akustiskt fält kommer att röra sig relativt vätskan och kollidera med varandra. Denna sortens ickelinjaritet ger ett starkt stokastiskt och kaotiskt beteende och både högre och lägre oscillationer uppstår.
Subject: Mechanical Engineering\Structural Dynamics
Mechanical Engineering\General
Keywords: nonlinear particle dynamics, fluid-particle vibrations, nonlinear acoustic particle dynamics
Edit


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Delegates at the World Radiocommunication Conference 2019 (WRC-19) in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt have approved international agreements that will help pave the way for better smart-city transportation.
The agreements at ITU's treaty-making conference on radiocommunications aim to improve traffic management, public transportation systems, road safety, train safety and railway traffic control – among other aspects of transportation that aim to leverage information and communication technologies (ICTs) to make the world's cities safer and 'smarter.'
Specifically, delegates representing governments from across the world have approved a new Recommendation on Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) and a new Resolution on railway radiocommunication systems between train and trackside (RSTT).
The new ITU Recommendation – "Harmonization of frequency bands for evolving Intelligent Transport Systems applications under mobile service allocations" – starts out by laying out some important context regarding the need to harmonize radio-frequency spectrum for ITS.
For instance, it mentions the "need to integrate various technologies, including radiocommunications, into land transportation systems."
It also points out that "many new connected vehicles use intelligent technologies in the vehicles' combined advanced traffic management, advanced traveller information, advanced public transportation management systems and/or advanced fleet management systems to improve traffic management."
The new Recommendation also recognizes that "harmonized spectrum and international standards facilitate worldwide deployment of evolving ITS radiocommunications and provide for economies of scale in bringing evolving ITS equipment and services to the public."
The Recommendation urges government administrations to "consider using globally or regionally harmonized frequency bands or parts thereof, as described in the most recent versions of Recommendations (e.g. ITU R M.2121), when planning and deploying evolving ITS applications."
It also invites ITU Member States and Sector Members to participate actively in and to contribute to ITU Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) studies on aspects of ITS and evolving ITS (e.g. connected vehicles, autonomous vehicles, adaptive driver assistance systems), through the ITU R Study Groups.
The new Resolution – "Spectrum harmonization for railway radiocommunication systems between train and trackside (RSTT) within the existing mobile-service allocation" – starts by establishing the social and economic importance of railway transportation, especially for developing countries.
RSTT refers to radiocommunication systems providing improved railway traffic control, passenger safety and improved security for train operations, says the new Resolution, adding that the main categories of applications of RSTT are train radio, train positioning information, train remote and train surveillance.
The Resolution lays out "that spectrum harmonization of train radio application of RSTT may have priority among the four categories of RSTT applications, because train radio application provides for train dispatching, train control and other important railway services which is used to ensure the safety of train operations and passengers, and require high reliability and high quality of services."
The Resolution also says that the implementation of future RSTT "needs to take account of the development of the railway industry."
In addition, the new Resolution states that "there may be a need to integrate different technologies across multiple bands in order to facilitate various functions, for instance dispatching commands, operating control and data transmission, into railway train and trackside systems to also meet the needs of a high-speed railway environment."
The Resolution recognizes that ITU-R is developing a Recommendation to facilitate the spectrum harmonization of current and evolving RSTT.
The Resolution invites ITU-R to continue the development of the Recommendation, preferably finalize it before 2023, and to "further develop and update ITU-R Recommendations/Reports concerning technical and operational implementation of RSTT, as appropriate."
The Resolution also encourages administrations, when planning for their RSTT, to consider ITU-R study results as well as other relevant ITU-R deliverables, with a view to facilitate spectrum harmonization for RSTT, in particular for train radio application.
It also invites administrations to encourage railway agencies and organizations to utilize relevant ITU-R publications in implementing technologies and systems supporting RSTT.
The resolution also mentions, however, that administrations have flexibility to determine how much spectrum to make available for RSTT as well as the conditions for usage at the national level in order to meet their particular national and/or regional requirements.
It also points out that the technologies for RSTT are evolving and international or regional organizations, such as the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the International Union of Railways (UIC), the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), the European Union Agency for Railways (ERA), etc., are developing specifications for technologies and new functions to evolve RSTT.


Petr Jizba : Books, Biography
5bb2d10ac3546.jpg
PDF
Quantum Field Theory And Its Macroscopic Manifestations
Quantum dynamics underlies macroscopic systems exhibiting some kind of ordering, such as superconductors, ferromagnets and crystals. Even large scale structures in the Universe and ordering in biological systems appear to be the manifestation of microscopic dynamics ruling their elementary components. The scope of this book is to answer questions such as: how it happens that the mesoscopic/macroscopic scale and stability characterizi...


text:
Updated: November 17, 2011
A land use plan for the Great Western Woodlands – stage 1 scoping study complete
A report has been produced for use by the 'Woodlands Initiative' to scope out a land use planning process for the Great Western Woodlands.
The Great Western Woodlands is the largest remaining intact temperate woodland on Earth. It is also home to around 40,000 people, has at least 350 mines, thousands of exploration tenements and is under increasing pressure from the mining boom and a growing tourism industry.
Managing this pressure together with conservation means considering a really wide range of stakeholders in any management plan.
The report produced by Ironbark Environmental to scope out a land use plan, is based on the views and preferences of those that have financial, environmental, social, or cultural interests in the land represented on the 'Woodlands Initiative' community group.
This group was convened for broad community involvement in determining the future of the Great Western Woodlands and is independent of the ministerially appointed stakeholder reference group. The Wilderness Society is a member of this community group representing the interests of conservation.
The Woodlands Initiative has advantages over the ministerially appointed stakeholder reference group in that it is not constrained by a timeline or a strict budget, and can remain politically neutral. This allows them to focus on the long term management needed to keep the Woodlands healthy.
The independent assessment by Ironbark found moderate to high level stakeholder support for the adoption of a landuse plan over the Great Western Woodlands. They found that a plan would:
- Provide an overarching management structure
- Enable greater support for collaborative initiatives involving a diversity of stakeholders
- Provide all stakeholders with the confidence of participating in a process that recognises a broad range of values and uses
The report recommends a three phased approach to any development of a land use plan and provides recommended next steps for the group to consider.
Download the summary report here (pdf 2.1 mb).
For more information, please contact:
The Wilderness Society WA Inc GWW
City West Lotteries House
2 Delhi St
West Perth, WA, 6005
Phone: 08 6460 4936


text:
versión On-line ISSN _PHONE_
Verbena and Glandularia are two genera of Verbenaceae closely related by their morphology. In this work, six species of Verbena from southern Brazil, Uruguay and Chile are transferred to Glandularia: G. catharinae, G. corymbosa, G. dusenii, G. gynobasis, G. hatschbachii and G. jordanensis, based on several typical Glandularia features, such as those related to habit, style length, inflorescence types and position of teeth on the fructiferous calyx, among others. Descriptions, illustrations and a distribution map are also provided.
Palabras llave : Glandularia; Nomenclature; South America; Taxonomy; Verbena; Verbenaceae.


text:
Robust fringe pattern analysis method for transient phenomena
"We propose a method for analysing a sequence of noisy interferograms with closed fringes acquired at a high–speed frame rate. Our method is appropriate for analysing ESPI sequences of transient phenomena such as deformations caused by vibrations. Firstly, we compute a differential phase between frames using a procedure based on a Gabor filter bank. We then refine this initial phase with a regularised quadratic cost function that keeps the consistency of the restored phase with the fringe patterns. In addition, we also present the robust version of our phase refining method. This prevents the introduction of phase deformations by the smoothing process. We demonstrate by means of numerical and real–data experiments that our method is appropriate for analysing ESPI sequences of transient phenomena."
KeywordsImaging ultrafast phenomena
Two phase step methods
Gabor filter bank
Robust image processing


join(map(str,list1)))
 second_int = int(''.join(map(str,list2)))
 result = [int(num) for num in str(first_int+second_int)]
 return result
4
 - This solution I tried, but the problem is, if any of the list is of size zero, then I need to append the 0 at the beginning of the resultant list. Jan 8 at 4:54
 - if one of the list is empty then wouldnt you just have to return the other list? or do you want something else then. basically you could check for empty lists at the start of the function like 'if not list1: return list2' and 'if not list2: return list1'
 – user17824666
 Jan 8 at 5:00
 - 1
 @PujariRajagonda Instead of first_int = int(''.join(map(str,list1))), you can do first_int = reduce(lambda x,y: 10*x+y, list1, 0). This avoids the conversion to str and handles the case of an empty list. Where reduce is from functools import reduce.
 – Stef
 Jan 8 at 11:38
 - 1
 @Stef Interesting. That remains competitive longer than I expected. Jan 8 at 20:45
1
Here's one possible solution:
(i) join each list to create a pair of string representation of integers
(ii) convert them to integers,
(iii) add them,
(iv) convert the sum to string
(v) separate each digit as ints
def list_sum(lst1, lst2):
 out = []
 for i, lst in enumerate([lst1, lst2]):
 if len(lst) > 0:
 out.append(int(''.join(str(x) for x in lst)))
 else:
 if i == 0:
 return lst2
 else:
 return lst1
 return [int(x) for x in str(out[0]+out[1])]
list_sum([6,9,8],[5,9,2])
Output:
[1, 2, 9, 0]
1
Two other answers show solutions repeatedly converting between lists of int and strings and ints. I think this is a bit cheating and completely hides the algorithm.
Here I present a solution that manipulates the lists of ints directly to build a third list of ints.
from itertools import chain, repeat # pad list with 0 so they are equal size
from operator import add # add(x,y) = x+y
def padded(l1, l2):
 "padded([1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) --> [0, 0, 1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]"
 padded1 = chain( repeat(0, max(0, len(l2)-len(l1))), l1 )
 padded2 = chain( repeat(0, max(0, len(l1)-len(l2))), l2 )
 return padded1, padded2
def add_without_carry_same_size(l1, l2):
 "add_without_carry([6, 9, 8], [5, 9, 2]) --> [11, 18, 10]"
 return map(add, l1, l2)
def flatten_carry(l):
 "flatten_carry([11, 18, 10]) --> [1, 2, 9, 0]"
 c = 0
 for i in range(len(l)-1, -1, -1):
 c, l[i] = divmod(c + l[i], 10)
 if c > 0:
 l[:] = [c] + l
def list_add(l1, l2):
 '''
 list_add([6, 9, 8], [5, 9, 2]) --> [1, 2, 9, 0]
 list_add([9, 9, 9, 9, 9], [1]) --> [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
 '''
 p1, p2 = padded(l1, l2)
 l3 = list(add_without_carry_same_size(p1, p2))
 flatten_carry(l3)
 return l3
Relevant documentation:
1
Tried the following logic
def list_sum(lst1, n, lst2, m, output):
i, j, k, carry = n - 1, m - 1, max(n, m), 0
while i >= 0 and j >= 0:
 output[k] = (lst1[i] + lst2[j] + carry) % 10
 carry = (lst1[i] + lst2[j] + carry) // 10
 i = i - 1
 j = j - 1
 k = k - 1
while i >= 0:
 output[k] = (lst1[i] + carry) % 10
 carry = (lst1[i] + carry) // 10
 i = i - 1
 k = k - 1
while j >= 0:
 output[k] = (lst2[j] + carry) % 10
 carry = (lst2[j] + carry) // 10
 j = j - 1
 k = k - 1
output[0] = carry
print(output)
where the output parameter in the above code it taken from below
outputSize = (1 + max(n, m))
output = outputSize * [0]
and called the function
list_sum(lst1, n, lst2, m, output)
1
You don't mention how long your lists will be. So considering they aren't going to be that long (anyway, python can handle bignums), why not making a simple sum operation? In the end that's what the code should emulate.
import numpy as np
lst1 = [6, 9, 8]
lst2 = [5, 9, 2]
lst1_len = len(lst1)
lst2_len = len(lst2)
if lst1_len >= lst2_len:
 lst2 = [0] * (lst1_len - lst2_len) + lst2
else:
 lst1 = [0] * (lst2_len - lst1_len) + lst1
common_len = len(lst1)
lst1_val = sum(np.array(lst1) * np.array([10**(-x) for x in range(-common_len + 1, 1)]))
lst2_val = sum(np.array(lst2) * np.array([10**(-x) for x in range(-common_len + 1, 1)]))
total = lst1_val + lst2_val
total_as_list = [int(x) for x in str(total)]
where
print(total_as_list)
[1, 2, 9, 0]
0
Code:
def addNums(*args):
 nums=[]
 for i in args:
 if i:
 i = list(map(str,i)) # Converts each element int to string['6', '9', '8'] , ['5', '9', '2']
 add=int(''.join(i)) # Joins string and convert to int 698 ,592
 nums.append(add) # Appends them to list [698, 592]
 Sum = str(sum(nums)) # Sums the values and convert to string '1290'
 result=list(map(int,Sum)) # Converts to list with each converted to int[1,2,9,0]

 return result
print(addNums([6, 9, 8], [5, 9, 2]))
print(addNums([7, 6], [5, 9], [3, 5],[7, 4]))
print(addNums([]))
Output:
[1, 2, 9, 0]
[2, 4, 4]
[0]
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text:
Volvo Cars (not to be confused with AB Volvo, which sold off Volvo Cars to the Ford Motor Company in 1999) is a Swedish car manufacturer, specialising in luxury sedans, saloons and SUVs. The trademark "Volvo" (Latin for "I roll") was first registered by SKF in 1915 but didn't see commercial use until SKF created the Volvo subsidiary.
In 1927, the Volvo ÖV 4 was released, and the company later released a series of open and closed-top vehicles designed to hold strong in the Swedish climate. Despite having high quality Volvo tyres, parts, overall build quality and exports to American and Canadian markets, Volvo was still a small company, and pushed for mergers with other manufacturers several times.
Numerous deals – with Saab, the Norwegian government and Renault – fell through before Volvo acquired the passenger car division of DAF and released the Volvo 340, which became a massive UK success in the 80s. However, the Volvo Group decided to sell its automobile manufacturing business to focus on other ventures, and Ford bought Volvo Cars in 1999. Under Ford's ownership, production of Volvo tyres and parts decreased whilst trying to push their reputation further upmarket with the luxurious Volvo S80 and XC60, among others.
Volvo have always prioritised driver safety, issuing the following statement in 1927: "Cars are driven by people. The guiding principle behind everything we make at Volvo, therefore, is and must remain, safety."
But they've also put their money where their mouth is introducing safety glass in 1944, making the modern three-point safety belt standard on all Volvo cars in 1959, and then allowing other manufacturers to use it for free, all in the interest of safety. If you want to drive in safety, style and comfort, then you could do far worse than a Volvo! In the spirit of safety, we recommend using all-season Volvo tyres for consistent performance and checking them regularly for damage and wear.


text:
London asbestos surveys are by no means reserved for the capital's over 3 million households or 1.1 million businesses. Some of England's most famous architecture has been built using Asbestos Containing Materials (ACMs) and they are an ongoing concern for public health and safety.
Just last year, it was reported by Construction News that Big Ben's repairs had been increased from £18.6m to a whopping £79.7m and this jump was in part due to asbestos. This got us thinking, how many other iconic landmarks have tested positive after asbestos surveys and how much need is there for asbestos removal at London's hotspots…
Big Ben, big bill
An asbestos report in 2016 revealed there was a significant danger to MPs and visitors alike in the Palace of Westminster. It was found that the 170-year-old building contained asbestos in hidden service shafts that were not fully sealed. There were also affected piping ducts behind the committee rooms and chambers. Just four years later, the costs had increased significantly. Now – with the economic climate and pandemic to contend – the final bill and project completion date is anyone's guess.
This project alone highlights the importance of asbestos surveys in any refurbishment or building demolition works. Indeed, House of Commons director general Ian Ailles admitted that the task of restoring the Elizabeth Tower "had been more complex than we could have anticipated".
"With a 12-metre square footprint and a prime location right in the middle of a busy working parliament, understanding the full extent of the damage to the tower was impossible until the scaffolding was up.
"Alongside other issues, such as the impact of often inappropriate conservation methods used by our predecessors, the corrosive levels of pollution in the atmosphere and the discovery of asbestos in unexpected places, we have only now been able to fully understand the full investment required for this project."
Buckingham Palace – a right royal refurbishment
In 2012, The Independent claimed that almost £1m of public funds had been spent on stripping asbestos from electrical cable ducts in the Queen's historic home. With London asbestos surveys revealing significant use of ACMs in the palace of over 775 rooms, the asbestos removal works were estimated to take 20 years and cost quite a chunk of change more. Last year, Luxury London reported on a behind the scenes look at the ongoing refurb revealed on Instagram and the RJS Waste team can't wait to see Buck House restored to her full glory .
No essential works to replace electrics, plumbing and heating have been ventured at the palace since the 1950s and these new works will need to last another 50 years. But an asbestos survey at London's finest building showed initially that £150m worth of asbestos removal and other maintenance works were required to make the residence safe for the royals. So that the Queen didn't have to relocate, this London asbestos removal project has been staggered with costs amounting to many millions.
As well as discovering ACMs in electrical cabling ducts, Buckingham's Palace's asbestos survey unveiled asbestos in the west attic and that asbestos removal from under lino in the south wing was essential. No mean feat, for specialist asbestos operatives to strip out this flooring it cost around £800,000.
Beneath the surface of the London Underground
With the tube system one of London's icons and indeed an important part of British infrastructure, you might be surprised to hear that London asbestos surveys have also revealed ACMs throughout the build. But asbestos removal from the London Underground doesn't come without its challenges.
Founded in 1863 but with a significant amount of essential works continuing throughout the years, asbestos has been used in excess. But, just as the Queen didn't want to be moved out of her luxury living quarters, shutting down the London Underground isn't an option. So, again progression is staggered and slow.
With the HSE's 2012 update of the Control of Asbestos Regulations to fully implement the EU Directive on the exposure to asbestos, Transport for London's tube operations were jolted into considering their management of ACMs. In 2013, this led to the agreement of a three-year strategy to improve information held by the London Underground Board and the allocation of budget for asbestos management to the Asbestos Control Unit for the first time.
They've since restructured their asbestos register and introduced new asbestos surveys on London stations. Asbestos surveys of London buildings lining the tracks were also carried out. As far as overcoming the difficulty of asbestos removal, the painting of affected areas with an encapsulating paint coating has been a reported solution for the London Underground.
Asbestos surveys in London and throughout the south-east
Whether you manage commercial premises built before 2000 or you're a homeowner looking to carry out a refurbishment or demolition and suspect your property contains asbestos materials, we're here to help.
Our British Occupational Hygiene Society (BOHS) P402 certified surveyors provide asbestos management surveys; asbestos reinspection surveys; and refurbishment and demolition surveys. As well as asbestos surveys in London, RJS Waste Management will send your results to an independent United Kingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS)-accredited lab for asbestos testing. What's more, we provide expert asbestos removal in London and can deal with all your other hazardous waste requirements.
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text:
Six New Characters Foster Global Citizenship From A Floating Island
Panwapa helps children gain empathy for others while encouraging a broader international perspective.
When New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg announced that October 10, 2007 was officially "Panwapa Day" in New York City, it was one of many such celebrations around the world. Political leaders also celebrated in Mexico City, Hong Kong, Tokyo, and London, marking the launch of a multimedia project designed to foster global citizenship to today's fourto seven-year-olds, while encouraging community participation.
Answering the need for a child-oriented global awareness curriculum
The road to these celebrations began in London, where Sesame Workshop and the Merrill Lynch Foundation together hatched a plan to bring a global awareness curriculum to kids. They did so knowing that there was very little media available to children that would help them make sense of our ever-changing world. For example, there was no curriculum available that would teach children about the economic disparity between countries and people. Sesame Workshop was eager to play a role in developing a safe virtual environment where children could strike out on adventures, meet new people, and learn about different countries.
Sesame Workshop producer Emily Reardon was one Panwapa team member who saw what the Workshop could bring to the table.
"It seemed citizenship was not addressed in children's media and Sesame Workshop was in a position to start talking about [the issue] in a playful but researched way," Reardon says.
The Workshop had an enthusiastic partner in the Merrill Lynch Foundation, which had just established its Global Ambassadors program to engage teens in global issues and teach them diplomacy; Panwapa is a way for the foundation to expand this sensibility to younger children.
The advisory panel established five educational goals for Panwapa, following the major points that educators have identified as central to global citizenship:
- Increase children's awareness of the wider world around them
- Encourage children to appreciate similarities and value differences between themselves and others
- Instill a sense of responsibility for one's own actions
- Encourage active community participation
- Increase understanding of and response to economic disparity
At its core, Panwapa is a multimedia initiative that harnesses the efforts of international educators and media producers to help children gain the perspectives and competencies that form the basis of becoming global citizens.
The Panwapa experience
When a child visits Panwapa.com, she is transported to Panwapa Island, a floating island that travels the world's oceans. On Panwapa Island, children and their caregivers enter the virtual Panwapa community and meet new Panwapa Muppet friends, including Athena the Owl and Azibo the Monster. Children can then "travel" safely around the world and visit with Panwapa Kids from other countries. They can also watch interactive movies, learn words in other languages, and go on international treasure hunts to collect themed trading cards.
When a child visits Panwapa.com, she can also design her own Panwapa Kid, an avatar that will represent her throughout her journeys on the site. She can choose from an array of body colors, eyes, mouths, hairstyles, shoes, and outfits; instructions on the site encourage children to experiment with different combinations. A child's avatar might look and dress similar to the actual child, or it might look like someone from another culture, or even like an astronaut or a dragon.
After the child creates a Panwapa Kid, it's time to build a Panwapa home. The child can choose the shape, building materials, and surrounding landscape for his home. When the home is built, the child is ready to go out and visit other Panwapa Kids at their homes.
As the child explores Panwapa World, she will encounter "information booths" in some countries that feature fascinating cultural and geographical highlights about those places.
Developing a site from a global perspective
When developing the project, the Panwapa team put a high value on making sure every child would feel represented.
Panwapa Executive Director Brett Pierce recalls, "The challenge of creating this site is creating it from a global perspective. We had a strong sense that we were creating something new. There's nothing like this in other languages."
Pierce says that the breakthrough idea was the floating island. In order for the project to be global, Panwapa Island could not be rooted in one place, associated with one particular region. As a floating body, Panwapa is free to visit different climates, meet different people and animals, and hear different languages. Content was developed in five languages simultaneously: English, Spanish, Chinese, Japanese, and Arabic, and producers considered every detail of the project from multiple points of view.
The project also includes a DVD with original Panwapa Island adventures, and print materials including a caregiver guide, which is offered in the project's five languages. These diverse print materials aim to inspire children to make an active change in their neighborhood.
The unique curriculum is already a success with teachers, and Pierce notes that due to teachers' overwhelming response, Sesame Workshop developed a full set of curriculum materials to help teachers bring Panwapa's lessons into the classroom.
"We weren't going to develop any formal set of lesson plans," says Pierce, "It was the teachers who said, "I was looking for this!"
Pierce, Reardon, and the rest of the Panwapa team are excited to take the floating island further into the unknown, and to increase its social networking and gaming activities.
With more and more Panwapa Kids joining the site each day, Pierce already considers Panwapa a success.
"Watching six brand new characters come to life in a vibrant setting who are playfully working through these issues with a global resonance, and then empowering the child to do the same online… this was a dream project," he says.
Panwapa is available as a free download on iTunes and as a free video on demand (VOD) via PBS KIDS Sprout.
Merrill Lynch Foundation, Boeing Global Corporate Citizenship, The Annenberg Foundation


text:
Four Acts is a documentary about the 2007 public servants strike in South Africa, which was the first time that Black South Africans had rebelled against its Black government. My colleague and I took a group of students with us to teach in the rural schools of the Eastern Cape, and ended up learning about the real world experiences of teachers in South Africa and about ourselves.
Why is it called Four Acts?
The film is called Four Acts because it looks at the core 4 acts that created the systems of oppression in society and the educational system that still influence education today. The message is that the past is connected to the future and when problems aren't dealt with in a meaningful way (Bantu system of education), then the effects are far-reaching (public servants strike).
Why is this important?
The public servants strike in South Africa was a turning point for the Black South Africans (Xhosa) who are the majority. Previously, the enemy/oppressor had been White South Africans. This was the first time in the country's history that Black South Africans rebelled against a Black government. This strike highlighted how power and access function in society, such that Blacks are now the oppressors of Blacks in the country. This is a turning point for South Africa as we move further into the 21st century in terms of defining who they are, where they want to go and how to get there. Education is always thought to be the preferred route to power, but Black South Africans are learning that the system is so broken that the majority will still be locked out of power. The turning point of the power struggle was when the public servants (teachers, nurses, police officers) were denied a 12% raise, while government officials including then President Mbeki received exorbitant raises, which is why they decided to strike.
Where's the Trailer?
It's coming soon. Check back in about a week.
Who Made this Film?
This film was written, directed and produced by Nsenga K. Burton, Ph.D., who shot most of the film. Dr. Lajerne Terry Cornish serves as producer, Dr. Eric Singer as historical consultant and Daniel St. Ours is producer and editor of the film. Running time: 42 minutes.


text:
Downlink Transmission of Distributed Antenna Systems in High Building Environments
Over the last few years high data rate wireless transmission has gained considerable attention in hot spot areas, including high buildings. It has been described that Distributed Antenna Systems (DASs) improve the performance of the indoor environment by covering dead spots. In this paper, a DAS architecture for high buildings is investigated, proposed and analyzed. The goal is to provide high data rate for indoor mobile users by exploiting spatial diversity and reducing the distance of radio transmission. In this system, the frequency is reused among floors. The radio signals in high buildings can propagate vertically and reach the neighbouring floors. Therefore, the performance of the system is limited by co-channel interference.


text:
In 1881, David Gestetner invented the first stencil copier. It was the earliest form of mechanically duplicating a printed image. It was based on the principle of punching small holes through a thin woven paper so ink could pass through to form an image.
A later version contained a small rotating stylus which Gestetner called a 'cyclostyle'. The needle drew onto delicate wax paper without breaking the surface. A hinged printing frame was then inked by hand for each copy that was required.
Factory in Tottenham
As Gestetner's invention became a success, his business grew. A factory was established in Tottenham which employed 6000 people. The factory remained open until the 1970s when it relocated to Wellingborough in Northamptonshire. Gestetner is now a hugely successful international corporation, supplying office equipment and services throughout the world.
Museum number L149


text:
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: _URL_
- Indigenous social work around the world: towards culturally relevant education and practice
Yellow Bird, Michael
- University of Newcastle. Faculty of Education & Arts, School of Humanities and Social Science
- How can mainstream Western social work learn from and in turn help advance indigenous practice? This volume brings together prominent international scholars involved in both Western and indigenous social work across the globe – including James Midgley, Linda Briskman, Alean Al-Krenawi and John R. Graham – to discuss some of the most significant global trends and issues relating to indigenous and cross-cultural social work. The contributors identify ways in which indigenization is shaping professional social work practice and education, and examine how social work can better address diversity in international exchanges and cross-cultural issues within and between countries. Key theoretical, methodological and service issues and challenges in the indigenization of social work are reviewed, including the way in which adaptation can lead to more effective practices within indigenous communities and emerging economies, and how adaptation can provide greater insight into cross-cultural understanding and practice.
- Contemporary Social Work Studies
study and teaching;
- Resource Type


text:
The Trainer Guide is a lesson plan for a specific skill set. The four skill sets that comprise the
Personal Assistant Services Curriculum include:
- Managing Crises
Each lesson plan is divided into five sections:
- Review—Skill set is introduced.
- Overview—Key information about the skill set is presented.
- Presentation—Specific skills are taught.
- Exercise—Trainees' learning is consolidated.
- Summary—Learning experience is reviewed.
The approach to skill training is Direct Skills Teaching. In a classroom setting, trainees learn how to
perform new skills from:
- The information that the trainer imparts to them about the skill.
- Observing examples of the skills being performed.
- Having opportunities to practice the skill.
In the lesson plan the knowledge presented is written as a "Tell," the examples as a "Show," and the
practice opportunities as a "Do."
Preparation is key in training. Trainers are encouraged to read relevant literature about Personal
Assistant Services as well as recovery and rehabilitation prior to the training. Trainers are
encouraged to learn about the people they will be training, their background, their experiences, and
While there is a sample schedule provided with each lesson plan, this is intended as a guide only, and
the trainer will need to give thought to the parameters of the particular training experience as they
plan their training schedule and prepare for the training session.
Training is a process and a trainer's ability to engage and respond to the trainees in the moment and
to modify the lesson plan as needed is key to a successful training experience. (Authors)


Mine Pi Coin Cryptocurrency Now
Liked on YouTube: Multitasking vs Multithreading vs Multiprocessing
Modern operating systems support multitasking (mainly preemptive multitasking), multithreading and multiprocessing (including symmetric multiprocessing and heterogeneous multiprocessing). But what are they? Are they different? What do software engineers need to know about these different paradigms? Let me explain!
Introduction to Android app development. Everything you need to know to get started: _URL_
Twitter: _URL_
Instagram: _URL_
via YouTube Multitasking vs Multithreading vs Multiprocessing
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text:
Originally Posted by jzbm3
Well I've had it both ways on the same car, and my experience differs from what you are saying.
It's likely a trained eye will see the scratches no matter what the condition of the paint, but for the average enthusiast they will appear less visible when orange peel is present.
Trained eye or not, there's no technical explanation for what you're saying. Orange peel texture is like the picture below. With orange peel, swirls follow the curvature of the ridge lines, but there's no masking effect in this instance. Miniscule variances in height of the clear coat have no effect on the appearance of surface defects. If the surface was flat (no orange peel), the scratches would still follow the same pattern, only without the slight variances in height. Either way, there's no masking effect like what you're suggesting.
On the other hand, orange peel DOES have an effect on the way light is refracted against the surface. That's a whole other topic though. The image reflected by the orange peel-laden surface is distorted by the variances in the paint's height, whereas a flat surface evenly reflects light and thus no distortion. Think of a mirror's reflection vs. the reflection of rippling water.


How to change default value printing symbols in Angular JS ?
This tutorial is brief and easy way to change the default Angular JS value printing symbols '{{' and '}}' into something else.
This tutorial is very short one, recently while working on a Symfony project along with Angular JS we had a small little problem, as the twig in symfony uses '{{', '}}' and so does Angular JS, to print the values in view. So to avoid the conflict between these two we had to change either of them. We choose to change second, Angular JS.
As mentioned earlier this is short tutorial and thus one can guess, this is easy. Angular comes up with Interpolate Provider which helps to change the start and end symbols. In the code below we show a very simple example.
The key is to configure the angular app by passing $interpolateProvider and changing the start and end symbols.
<!doctype html>

 <title>
 Angular JS Changing Default Inerpolating Symbols
 </title>

 hello [world]!

The code is self explaining, we passed the $interpolateProvider in config and changed the start and end symbol. Yes, that is it. As you can see in the example code we have used same old "hello world" example, where we pass the "world" through Angular JS.
As promised we keep this short one, hope you find it useful.


text:
Study Co-authored by Robert Gegear Provides New Insight into the Sun Compass That Helps the Monarch Butterfly Navigate
Published in Nature Communications, the study, conducted at UMass Medical, looks at the role of clocks in the insect's antennae.
Published in the prestigious journal Nature Communications, the study, by Robert Gegear and scientists at UMass Medical School, focuses on the role of circadian clocks located in the insect's antennae
Each fall, monarch butterflies make a remarkable journey from the northern United States to central Mexico, where they overwinter. To successfully navigate to a target located up to 2,500 miles away, the butterflies employ a biological compass that makes use of the changing position of the sun in the sky.
Previous work, including a 2009 paper in Science* describing research led by Steven Reppert, MD, professor of neurobiology at the University of Massachusetts Medical School, showed that the butterfly's antennae are critical components of that compass. Circadian clocks located in these light-sensitive structures, the paper reported, enable the butterfly to determine where the sun should be at any particular hour.
A new study, published online this week by the prestigious journal Nature Communications, and co-authored by Reppert, Robert Gegear, PhD, assistant professor of biology and biotechnology at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), and Patrick Guerra, PhD, and Christine Merlin, PhD, postdoctoral researchers in neurobiology at UMass Medical School, has shed new light on how the butterfly's brain uses the information from those clocks and what happens when the clocks malfunction.
In the study, conducted at UMass Medical School, the researchers set out to determine whether monarch butterflies can orient themselves successfully in a southerly direction with only one antenna or when the two antennae send conflicting information to the brain. They found that the butterflies can, in fact, navigate successfully with a single antenna. However, when they painted one antenna black (to prevent it from sensing light), the butterflies oriented in the wrong direction. If the painted antenna was then removed, the butterflies reoriented themselves in the proper direction.
It appears, the authors note, that the timing information from the two antennae is integrated within the butterfly's brain. It also appears that the circadian clocks in the antennae work independently, and that the information from either clock is sufficient to properly calibrate the butterfly's sun compass. However, when both antennae are present but sending desynchronized timing information to the brain (as when one antenna is exposed to light but the other is blacked out), the brain attempts to integrate these conflicting signals and the result is an improper compass heading.
The scientists also conducted genetic tests aimed at determining whether the circadian clock in one of the butterfly's antennae can influence the operation of the clock in the other antenna. They found that the expression of genes linked to the operation of the circadian clock in a functioning antenna was unaffected when the other antenna was painted black. They also determined that circadian clock genes were expressed throughout the antenna, suggesting that the entire antenna, or any part of it, can function as a clock.
"This research is a great example of how an interdisciplinary approach can be used to better understand a complex biological system," Gegear said.
In his current research at WPI, Gegear is focusing on a different pollinating insect: the bumblebee. His work is exploring, broadly, the relationship between the bees and flowering plants. In work that encompasses biology, evolutionary ecology, cognitive psychology, and behavioral neuroscience, he is investigating how the bumblebee's simple brain is capable of remarkably complex cognition, and how the mental activity of bees and the decisions they make as they gather food and pollinate plants ultimately have profound consequences for the ecosystem and the human food supply.
Read the Nature Communications paper.
*"Antennal Circadian Clocks Coordinate Sun Compass Orientation in Migratory Monarch Butterflies," Christine Merlin, Robert J. Gegear, Steven M. Reppert, Science, Vol. 325, pp. _PHONE_, Sept. 25, 2009.
July 18, 2012


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- Point Arena Library
The Coast Community Library in Point Arena welcomes ACR's Dr. Quinton Martins, who will provide an update on the research results of Living with Lions, ACR's mountain lion research and education project. Free. For more information, please call the library at _PHONE_
Quinton Martins, Ph.D., is the Director of Living with Lions, ACR's community conservation project focused on the North Bay's mountain lion population. Dr. Martins is the former founder and CEO of the Cape Leopard Trust, a successful predator conservation NGO based in South Africa. He has over 25 years of field experience having worked in wilderness areas throughout much of Africa, Saudi Arabia and the USA. From specialist safari guiding, leading a scorpion collecting expedition for the Smithsonian Institution in the desert of Namibia, to mist-netting birds in central African rainforests, Quinton turned to studying predators in 2003. He completed his Ph.D., "The Ecology of Leopards in the Cederberg Mountains, South Africa" through the University of Bristol, U.K. in 2010 and is considered a leading expert on large carnivores. You can support ACR's Living with Lions project and other important research and public outreach programs by donating or becoming a member of ACR here.
The event will be held at:
The Point Arena Library
225 Main Street
Point Arena, CA 95468
Click here for more information on ACR's Living With Lions.


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Helical rotor pumps, also known as progressive cavity pumps or cavity pumps, are a type of rotary positive displacement pump that has a single threaded helically shaped rotor turning inside of a double-threaded helically shaped rubber stator. This produces a progressing cavity that moves the liquid through the pump and creates the pumping action.
Helical rotor pumps are used extensively in sewerage and water treatment plants to pump polymer, sludge and chemicals. They are also used in all types of industrial applications for pumping a wide variety of thin and thick liquids, including corrosive liquids and liquids containing solids.
As progressive cavity pumps can handle difficult, thick and solid laden liquids, they can often be used in applications where no other pump would perform.
Allied Pumps carries industrial pumps in brands such as Roto Pumps and offers a wide range of helical rotor pumps and spare parts, and has experience and expertise in hundreds of different applications of this type of pump.
Roto Helical Rotor Pumps cater for a wide spectrum of pumping applications, including fluid metering and pumping of highly viscous, abrasive or sheer sensitive liquids.
Roto Helical Rotor Pumps effectively deliver non-pulsating and uniform flow, whilst maintaining a gentle pumping action. The tapered entry stator enables easy fluid entry and facilitates high suction lift capabilities.
Optimised rotor stator geometry minimises wear from abrasive applications, achieves zero leakage, resulting in non-clogging, an extended service life and a reduction in power consumption, setting it apart from its conventional counterparts.


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The individual income tax benefits for foreigners, initially set to expire at the end of this year, will now continue until the end of 2027.
Foreign nationals who meet the criteria for tax residency in China (which refers to individuals who have domicile in China, or though without domicile but have resided for more than 183 days in total in China) now have a choice between two distinct tax advantages.
According to the updated guidelines, eligible individuals can either choose a special additional deduction for their personal income tax or follow the previously established regulations that provide tax-free benefits for housing allowances, language course fees, children's education expenses, and other subsidies.
It's crucial to note that these two benefits cannot be availed concurrently. Once an individual makes a selection, it remains unchangeable for the duration of that tax year.
This recent announcement confirms that this policy will remain in effect up to the end of December 2027, solidifying a long-term structure for the personal income tax strategy concerning subsidies for foreign nationals.
Recommendations for Companies
Companies employing foreign nationals should consider making HR and payroll policy adjustments in light of this extension. They should communicate with their employees to arrange benefits in line with the current policies. Companies that had made preparations for the original tax policy change might need to reconsider their decisions.
Extending the IIT preferential policy for foreigners showcases China's strategic intent to attract and retain international talent. It also underscores China's commitment to creating a favorable environment for foreign professionals and businesses.
Integra Group is a fully licensed asia-focused accounting, taxation, and business advisory firm – with dedicated offices in Shanghai, Beijing, Singapore and Taipei. We've helped companies ranging from Fortune 500 companies to small to medium sized businesses establish and grow their presence in Asia.


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Carmel Mountain Preserve, a 400-acre mesa top, is truly one of San Diego County's remaining natural wonders.
When you hike its several miles of trails, you will be treated not only to ocean views, but to a landscape truly unlike any other. On its flat mesa top, there are huge patches of a hard gray moss, called ashy spike moss, that actually have an interesting purpose.
You'll also come upon puddles of water that settle in the mesa's depressions, which are actually vernal pools — an amazing environment that hosts species found nowhere else.
The Chaparral Lands Conservancy has called it "a special Noah's Ark of nature surrounded by suburban development."
Every type of vegetation found on Carmel Mountain is "unique and imperiled," it says. Its habitats — Southern maritime chaparral, coastal sage scrub, wet meadows and vernal pools — support more than two dozen rare species, some of which have been listed as federally endangered.
Southern maritime chaparral is a habitat that occurs only on weathered sandstone formations that lie within the coastal fog belt, and exists only in San Diego County from La Jolla to Carlsbad.
"Only about 15 percent of Southern maritime chaparral that historically occurred in San Diego and Orange counties remains, and most of this is located on Carmel Mountain, in Torrey Pines State Park and in Carlsbad and Encinitas," said Rick Halsey of the California Chaparral Institute.
Characteristic species of this habitat include chamise, white coast ceanothus — a wild lilac that can grow into huge specimens here — and mission manzanita. Endangered species — found only in San Diego and Orange counties — include white-flowering Del Mar manzanita and Orcutt's spineflower. Threatened species include the yellow-flowering big-leaved crown-beard and shrubby Encinitas baccharis.
The vernal pools, though, are even more precious. Rarely more than 6 inches deep, the pools fill with water only after rainfall and rarely remain filled longer than 45 days at a time. When dry, they simply appear to be lifeless bare spots in chaparral or coastal sage scrub. Half of the plant species growing in California's remaining vernal pools are found nowhere else on the planet.
"Because of their homely appearance, they provide an excellent example of how the importance of becoming familiar with native habitats and efforts to preserve them can violently collide with the desire to develop property by individuals unfamiliar with their value," Halsey said.
Indeed, the Carmel Mountain Preserve was dedicated in 1999 after being saved from development by a coalition spearheaded by the Carmel Mountain Conservancy.
Some 97 percent of San Diego's vernal pools, which once covered some 28,500 acres in the county, have been destroyed, and that naturally includes its rare species. Vernal pools, however, do also exist in northwest Baja.
Both plants and animals of vernal pools must be able to withstand weeks of winter rains and summer drought. Animals that live here include spadefoot toads and their favorite food, the San Diego fairy shrimp.
Living next to the vernal pools is the short-leaved dudleya, a tiny succulent that lives in only five places in the world, all in Del Mar and La Jolla, according to the Chaparral Lands Conservancy. When not in bloom, it looks like the marble-like iron pebbles that are also unique to North County coastal mesas, which helps it avoid being eaten by rabbits and rodents. When it blooms — more rainfall brings more blooms — tiny white and yellow flowers burst open. That ashy spike moss helps them thrive by preventing invasion of weeds and gophers, according to a placard on the trails.


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Kotynski created an illustration for Tomek Kwasniewski's interview with an astrobiology professor who claims life could come from Mars for the October issue of Wysokie Obcasy Extra (High Heels Extra). The publication is a popular Polish women's magazine.
The article proposes that in an early stage Mars had life in the form of microalgae, based upon NASA photos. Portions of Mars may have spattered into space drifting toward Earth which may have taken life on board.
Kotynski's full-page illustration of a glowing helix of DNA in space illustrates the interview.


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There's no better place to learn! The Biblical Language Center offers both beginning and intermediate immersion courses in biblical Hebrew and Koine Greek. Since 1996 BLC has offered innovative instruction using cutting-edge methods for language acquisition. The classroom is a fun and interactive environment, with instruction and activities all conducted in the language of study. Just as a child learns their first language, you will be internalizing biblical Hebrew or Greek the moment you step into the classroom. Come experience effective, lasting results.
BLC continually refines its techniques and materials to insure the most efficient achievement of the biblical languages anywhere in the world. To find out more about our immersion courses use the links below:


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Allocation: US$0.75 million
Grant agent: Save The Children
The US$750,000 COVID-19 grant supports:
- Developing home-schooling guides for early childhood, primary and lower secondary students
- Preparing audio lessons for pre-primary and primary students and video lessons for lower secondary students to complement home-schooling packages
- Developing home-based learning and guidance for parents
- Training teachers on delivering new modes of distance learning
- Developing policies and procedures to manage emergency response, disaster risk reduction and resilience building
In late March 2020, the UNICEF office in Tonga received a GPE grant of US$70,000 to support the Ministry of Education in planning its response to the coronavirus pandemic, in particular to develop distance learning programs.
Education in Tonga
Regional strategy: PacREF
In 2018, the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat's Education Ministers, in which Tonga participates, adopted the Pacific Regional Education Framework (PacREF) 2018-2030: Moving Towards Education 2030. PacREF outlines a transformative and sustainable regional education agenda aligned with global agendas such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 4, and Education 2030: Incheon Declaration on Education for All Framework for Action.
The 12-year framework promotes equitable access to high quality education by all Pacific Islanders with a view to enable their countries to effectively deal with the development challenges facing the Pacific region. The framework also encourages inclusivity and opportunities for equal access to informal, primary, secondary and tertiary education and training. It focuses particularly on education quality and the importance of working cooperatively in the region and beyond.
While Pacific countries integrate what they consider as the relevant parts of the PacREF Program into their national education policies, programs and practices, the Framework also provides a means for identifying and understanding similarities and differences across the region. It offers organizing mechanisms for sector planning, reporting and collaboration, and give development partners with an understanding of where the region's resourcing priorities lie.
The PacREF has 4 key policy areas to maximize gains in student learning outcomes and well-being:
- Quality and relevance: Provide all learners with a safe and supportive environment, within which they are offered high quality learning opportunities that are meaningful, valuable, inclusive and future-focused.
- Learning pathway: Provide all learners equal access to multiple and seamless pathways and modalities of learning that will allow them to meet their full potential.
- Student outcomes and wellbeing: Make sure all learners acquire the knowledge, skills, values and attributes to enable them to contribute to their families, communities and to nation building.
- The teaching profession: Support and empower teachers through opportunities for continuous development, shared understanding and accountability.
PacREF is divided into three 4-year phases to facilitate in-depth program review by the education ministers.
Latest blogs and news
This first regional grant of US$14.9 million covers six countries: Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, Samoa, the Solomon Islands, Tonga, and Tuvalu. It supports the PacREF Program implementation, which is also supported by the New Zealand's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade the PacREF implementing agencies and other development partners. The GPE grant covers 85% of the total costs of the PacREF program.
The program will produce an integrated set of regional goods, services and standards that are:
- (i) tested and contextualized to reflect the prevailing circumstances in each participating country's education system, and
- (ii) subsequently embedded in those systems as routine practices.
The program has four components (the PacREF key policy areas):
- Increase the quality and relevance of education at all levels by providing all learners with a safe and supportive environment with high-quality, meaningful, valuable, inclusive, and forward-looking learning opportunities. This will consist of:
- identifying and agreeing on a definition of non-cognitive skills
- assessing the needs based on the status of the quality of learning environments
- establishing quality assurance frameworks for school learning environments.
- Ensure that learners' needs are met by giving them access to a broad range of programs, delivery modalities and seamless pathways to allow them to fulfill their maximum potential. This includes:
- developing guidelines for quality early childhood education, tools for governance, management, quality assurance and financing
- establishing a framework, tools and processes for home-to-school transition
- setting up a framework for identifying learning pathways from early childhood education to adulthood
- creating a Pacific skills portal and organizing a Pacific skills dialogue and summit.
- Make sure all learners achieve their maximum potential by acquiring the necessary knowledge, skills, values and attributes to enable them to successfully contribute to their families, communities, and nation. This implies:
- improving literacy and numeracy instruction through Waka Learning Hub used by in-service teachers
- establishing a Pacific Islands Literacy and Numeracy Assessment (primary)
- aligning lower secondary assessment with SDG 4.1.1
- Support and empower teachers through opportunities for continuous development, shared understanding and accountability. This aims at developing competent, qualified, and certified teachers and school leaders who are fully supported, engaged, effective and committed to their students by:
- setting up teacher competency standards
- instituting accreditation and recognition of teacher education programs
- establishing standards and qualifications in school leadership
- creating a framework for continuous professional development.
Implementing agencies will provide technical support for the development and implementation of these tools and services, while countries are expected to make the best use of them to improve their national education systems, as well as enhance Pacific regionalism.
The grant complements the Asian Development Bank's (ADB) existing technical assistance project.
All amounts are in US dollars.
** This is a regional grant for Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Tuvalu.
* The program development grant is a regional grant for Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands and Tonga. The sector plan development grant covers the Pacific region.
Education sector progress
The graphs below show overall progress in the education sector in Tonga.
Primary completion rate
Lower secondary completion rate
Out-of-school rate for children of primary school age
Out-of-school rate for adolescents of lower secondary school age
Pre-primary gross enrollment rate
Gender parity index for out-of-school rate
Public expenditure on education as share of GDP
Students/trained teacher ratio
Source: World Bank - Education Data
Data on education are compiled by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics from official responses to surveys and from reports provided by education authorities in each country.


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There is a lengthy discussion going on at the English Language & Usage StackExchange site suggesting various synonyms for dead code, and it got me wondering about an angle that wasn't covered -- inaccessible states in a Turing machine. These are simply defined (look at page 43 here if you need a source) as states that are never reached.
The definition I linked to is accompanied with a state graph that shows an obviously inaccessible state. Simplified:
(q0)-1->((q1))<-0,1-(q2)
If q0 is the start state, q2 is obviously inaccessible. This is analogous to the deliberately-disabled code that was the premise of the EL&U discussion.
But I'm wondering about those states that are inaccessible, but you will never know it, because they're just lost in the jungle.
These states all have a path from the start state in the machine's state graph. But no matter how long the machine runs, the particular combination of state and symbol to make the number transition into that state never appears.
For some of these states, static analysis can determine if they're inaccesssible.
For the rest, no analysis will ever be able to determine if the state is ever reached. For example, if you could determine whether every halt state is reached or not, you would have just solved the (unfortunately-named, but don't get me started) Halting Problem. Let's leave out states that machines reach serendipitously if you run them long enough.
Is there a more specific term than 'inaccessible state' for this? (It's a shame 'inaccessible states' can't mean specifically this; it would have been a nice parallel with inaccessible sets from set theory.)
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 - $\begingroup$ "unfortunately-named, but don't get me started" -- please do! The Halting problem has always struck me as one of the more aptly named concepts in (T)CS and mathematics. $\endgroup$
 – Raphael
 Apr 17 '16 at 5:47
 - $\begingroup$ the state transitions form a graph that can be analyzed to easily find disconnected states "for any input". however there is a more subtle aspect that some states may never be reached in any actual execution based on runtime dynamics, "for all inputs", hence this is essentially equivalent to the halting problem. (two current answers dont seem to be aware of this subtlety.) so just definining what an inaccessable state is involves some subtlety and similar definitions are not exactly equivalent and end up being different. yet another aspect is that if one restricts "legal" inputs some way. etc $\endgroup$
 – vzn
 Apr 17 '16 at 16:27
 - $\begingroup$ @Raphael I'm not sure it would get a good reception. Turing's original paper on computability does include a halting concept, but not in the context of the decidability problem that all the later literature calls the 'halting' problem. The problem that can't be solved is whether a machine is 'circle-free' or not. That can also mean churning around several states without ever printing any more digits. $\endgroup$
 – Spencer
 Apr 19 '16 at 4:31
 - $\begingroup$ @Spencer I think you misunderstood something. Neither the Halting problem nor its undecidability proof talk about such "circles". $\endgroup$
 – Raphael
 Apr 19 '16 at 6:46
 - $\begingroup$ @Raphael Here is a link to the paper: Turing 1936. The problem is there but not described in terms of 'halting'. Any way not on topic for this discussion. $\endgroup$
 – Spencer
 Apr 19 '16 at 10:09
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The only terms I have seen used with any consistency are "dead" and "unreachable".
There is also the dual, "unproductive" states. This term comes from formal grammars and means that you have a state/non-terminal from which you can not reach a final state/terminal string.
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1
$\begingroup$
There is no such thing as a state that no static analysis can determine is inaccessible. For any Turing machine and any state that is actually inaccessible, there exists a static analysis algorithm that can determine that the state is inaccessible.
Perhaps what you are thinking of is that there is no static analysis algorithm that can identify all inaccessible states: for any static analysis algorithm, there exists a Turing machine with a state that is actually inaccessible but that the algorithm can't tell is inaccessible. That's not the same thing. The order of the quantifiers matters.
Therefore, you're asking for the name of a thing that doesn't exist. There is no such name. I'm afraid the only way to give a satisfactory answer to the question is to un-ask the question.
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 - 1
 $\begingroup$ "For any Turing machine and any state that is actually inaccessible, there exists a static analysis algorithm that can determine that the state is inaccessible." -- If you are referring to the two trivial algorithms, using the verb "determine" is probably misleading. $\endgroup$
 – Raphael
 Apr 18 '16 at 6:57
 - 2
 $\begingroup$ If an algorithm falls in the forest and no-one is around to choose it, is it still an algorithm? $\endgroup$
 – Spencer
 Apr 19 '16 at 4:14
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80 degrees of global warming in five days in 1934. Hansen would have declared this to be impossible without the emissions from your SUV.
1934: What would become one of the hottest summers on record in Iowa began to intensify as a heat wave in the last three days of May resulted in nearly every location in the state exceeding 100 F on at least one of those three days. The heat wave peaked on the 30th when the temperature soared to as high as 111 F near Inwood which is the highest temperature ever recorded in Iowa in May. Other high temperatures on the 30th included 110 F at Boone, 109 F at Logan and Spencer, 108 F at Le Mars, and 107 F at Storm Lake. Des Moines and Sioux City also set their respective May records as both reached a high of 105 F. Amazingly this extremely hot weather came only a few days after unseasonably cool temperatures in the 30s had been recorded across much of the state with frost on the 25th and 26th. In fact, at Boone the low temperature on the morning of the 25th was 30 F so the temperature at that location rose by 80 F in just five days. To put this into perspective, the largest temperature range ever recorded across the state of Iowa during the entire month of May is 88 degrees.
h/t to Andy DC