text:
Six Interesting Things about Automated Underwriting for Commercial Real Estate
Understanding risk and potential returns in buying, selling, or developing a property is a crucial component to being a successful real estate investor. In commercial real estate (CRE), underwriting is used to make decisions about how risky investing in a property or development could be by compiling data from a large number of sources.
However, the process of underwriting is not easy and can be tedious work. This process can be dramatically sped up with automated underwriting.
What is automated underwriting?
Automated underwriting is using existing data files from Argus or Excel to determine the property values, risk, and estimate cash flows. Automated underwriting allows investors to see projected cash flow data in a matter of minutes and is crucial in evaluating the financial risk and potential returns of a property.
1. Understanding the process of automated underwriting for an existing property.
The automated underwriting process is relatively straightforward.
Once the property information is imported, the Argus modeling program will produce a cash flow breakdown over time. Brokers and investors can then utilize the breakdown in their Excel model or another proprietary modeling program.
The beauty of the automation process is not in its modeling but efficiency in utilizing the existing information.
2. Automated underwriting will help investors conduct more business faster
The process of traditional commercial real estate underwriting takes time, often several hours to analyze a single property and its surrounding market. In the competitive world of commercial real estate investing, opportunities come with speed. The first investor to analyze the deal has an advantage.
Automated underwriting allows investors to analyze deals in a few minutes instead of a few hours.
3. Automated underwriting removes errors
Every deal goes through an appraisal. Appraisers are human and as such, can make mistakes. Commercial real estate investors are looking for every advantage to make better deals and get higher returns. Those errors can cost money, lead to poor decisions or missed opportunities.
With automated underwriting, calculations are set. The error factor is removed, and deals can be analyzed with a clear picture of the possible risks and returns.
4. Disagreements are no longer an issue.
Asset management teams don't always agree with acquisitions teams about rent projections. Property owners don't always agree with commercial real estate brokers about comparable market rents. So who's right and who's wrong? With automated underwriting, these disagreements are not a factor in the deal-making process.
Because the model data has been continually updated and rent and inflation trends are tracked in the system, automated underwriting can quickly point to the data to settle the argument.
5. Automated underwriting can lead to deal "pre-approval."
Imagine a world where the banks are ready to lend based solely on the creditworthiness of the investor (much like residential real estate) because the property underwriting has been done in advance. A commercial real estate investor could exponentially increase their deal volume and returns.
6. Financial institutions also benefit from automated underwriting
The volume of deals lenders can process increases exponentially as well. Lenders are in the business of making money by turning money. The more loans they can produce, the more profitable the banking system becomes. Automated underwriting helps to create a beautiful cycle of efficiency and profit from the start of a real estate deal to the end.
With extensive knowledge of financial modeling and real estate analysis, an automated underwriting company, can give you the data you need, and point out any areas of concern in the numbers. This saves time and allows you to focus on evaluating the investment. Visit our Services Hub to see how you can get started today.


text:
This paper examines the current educational discourse on work and learning and explores conceptualisations of work-connected learning; in particular, work-based, work-related and workplace learning. It is argued that varying definitions of work-associated learning has led to conceptual confusion in the literature. Through a conceptual analysis of the three terms, current usage is problematized. The term work learning is introduced in the paper as an overarching term that refers to any and all of these three forms of learning. Indeed, it is proposed as an umbrella term for any learning that is connected with some form of work in order to aid discussion. Within this remit, many learning forms can be identified; however, it is argued that there is a need for clarification as current conceptualisations are often conflicting.
|Journal||Work Based Learning e-Journal International|
|Early online date||1 Dec 2015|
|Publication status||E-pub ahead of print - 1 Dec 2015|
- Typology of learning
- conceptual analysis
- work learning
- educational discourse.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Internationally renowned neurodegeneration academic, Professor Glenda Halliday, who is shaping the treatment of non-Alzheimer's dementias and Parkinson's disease, has been recognised as one of Australia's leading female medical researchers.
Professor Halliday, from the Faculty of Medicine and Health and the Brain and Mind Centre, was awarded the NHMRC Elizabeth Blackburn Investigator Grant Award for Leadership in Clinical Medicine and Science.
The award is named in honour of Professor Elizabeth Blackburn, an Australian molecular biologist who received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2009.
Professor Halliday's groundbreaking research has shaped current international diagnostic criteria and recommendations for neurodegenerative patient identification and management.
After developing quantitative methods to evaluate the symptoms of patients with Parkinson's disease, she revealed more extensive neurodegeneration in Parkinson's and related syndromes than previously thought.
Her 70 strong research team in the Brain and Mind Centre's Dementia and Movement Disorders Lab is now focused on finding biomarkers that identify under-recognised non-Alzheimer diseases to target with disease modifying strategies.
Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research) Professor Duncan Ivison congratulated Professor Halliday on this prestigious award, adding that her work is at the forefront of understanding the origins of neurodegeneration and developing new treatments.
"Glenda has rightly been recognised as one of Australia's, and the world's, leading experts on neurodegeneration. Her research is critical to improving the lives of those with Parkinson's, dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases and we are proud to support her and her team to conduct this important research."
Professor Halliday has produced more than 430 publications, has a h-index of 83, and was named among the world's most influential academics on the Clarivate Analytics 2019 Highly Cited Researchers List.
She is on the editorial boards of five international journals, and on the scientific advisory boards for a number of international organisations and research institutes. She is a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences.
The University of Sydney is ranked 18th in the world for medicine, according to the latest QS Subject rankings.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text: Do you ever wonder what happens when you train a machine learning model on really bad data? In this article, we show the effect of bad data on a machine learning model. Specifically, we take a good data set conducive towards modeling and distort the data in two different ways. First, we randomly distort the labels and train models using this randomly distorted label field. Second, we distort the labels in a biased way and then again train models using this distorted label field. These two types of distortion will allow us to see how different types of bad data can affect a model.


text:
On 1 January 2008 the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) will establish ten new Collaborative Research Centres, which will receive a total of 74.4 million euros in funding over the next four years, as well as a lump sum of 20 percent to cover indirect costs incurred by the projects.
The new Collaborative Research Centres (SFBs) will address a range of topics, including inflammation of the brain, the distribution of oxygen in tropical oceans, and nanoscopic structures in the macroscopic world. Other topics will include the neurobiological basis for behaviour, managing cycles in innovation processes, and the development of high brilliance lasers and other novel components. Two of the ten newly established Collaborative Research Centres are Transregional Collaborative Research Centres, which are based at more than one location.
At its meeting in Bonn on 20-21 November, the relevant Grants Committee also approved the continuation of 26 existing SFBs for an additional funding period. The DFG will thus fund a total of 259 Collaborative Research Centres as of the beginning of next year. In total, they will receive 403 million euros in funding in 2008, plus the 20 percent programme overhead.
The new Collaborative Research Centres:
"The Brain as a Target of Inflammatory Processes" is the topic of SFB/Transregional Collaborative Research Centre 43, which will involve scientists from Berlin and Göttingen. Research will focus on inflammatory and immune reactions in the brain, an area that has received less attention in the past than research focussing on inflammatory processes outside the brain. The projects they plan include an attempt to find out what role inflammation plays in traumatic and neurodegenerative processes. Their main focus will be on diseases such as stroke, Alzheimer's and multiple sclerosis. They hope that their insights will find their way into clinical practice and therapy in the long term.
(Host institutions: Charité – University Hospital of the Humboldt University Berlin and the Free University of Berlin. Coordinator: Frauke Zipp)
SFB/Transregional Collaborative Research Centre 54 "Growth and Survival, Plasticity and Cellular Interactivity of Lymphatic Malignancies" will study how cancer cells adapt to their surroundings in patients suffering from diseases of the lymph nodes, thus possibly making it harder or even impossible for them to recover. Participating researchers from Berlin and Munich will combine animal experiments and patient-oriented projects aimed at developing novel therapeutic approaches to diseases such as Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myelomas and other malignant diseases of the lymphatic system. (Host institution: Charité – University Hospital of the Humboldt University Berlin and the Free University of Berlin. Coordinator: Bernd Dörken)
SFB 754 "Climate – Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Oceans" will examine a topic that is of great interest in the light of climate change. It will involve oceanographers, geoscientists and microbiologists from Kiel, who will study the distribution of oxygen in tropical oceans. Of particular interest to them is how the oxygen concentration can fall dramatically due to interactions between physical, biological and geochemical processes, and what consequences this has on the nutrient balance in the ocean and on the climate. This research will be carried out with the help of the German research vessels Meteor, Merian and Sonne. (Host university: Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel. Coordinator: Douglas W.R. Wallace)
Surface physics, magnetism, semiconductor physics, materials science and theoretical physics are the common elements of SFB 762 "Functionality of Oxidic Interfaces". The researchers involved, from Halle, Leipzig and Magdeburg, will investigate the production of oxide heterostructures and the characterisation of their structural, ferroelectric, magnetic and electronic properties using state-of-the-art scientific methods and equipment. In addition to producing new fundamental insights, this work is also of high practical relevance, for instance for the development of new types of sensors and computer memory. (Host university: Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg. Coordinator: Ingrid Mertig)
SFB 765 "Multivalency as a Chemical Organisation and Action Principle: New Architectures, Functions and Applications" aims to lay the necessary groundwork for answering key issues in biological and material sciences. In this SFB, scientists from the Free University of Berlin plan to cooperate with other institutions in Berlin to study the phenomenon of multivalency in detail, paying particular attention to the fundamental chemical and biological mechanisms and molecular architectures. In the long term, they hope their work will lead to the development of novel multivalent molecules that may be of great importance for use in inhibiting inflammation or providing protection against viral infections, as well as for optimising surfaces. (Host university: Free University of Berlin. Coordinator: Rainer Haag)
SFB 767 "Controlled Nanosystems: Interaction and Interfacing to the Macroscale" will investigate one of the key areas of research in the 21st century. Participating researchers from Constance and Stuttgart aim to discover how nanostructures interact with each other and with macroscopic structures – issues that are of fundamental importance for nanotechnology, but which have not yet been systematically addressed. The theoretical and experimental studies they plan promise to not only yield key insights into the basic science of nanostructures, but also a wide variety of applications in the fields of telecommunications and data storage as well as for highly integrated circuits. (Host university: University of Konstanz. Coordinator: Elke Scheer)
SFB 768 "Managing Cycles in Innovation Processes – Integrated Development of Product Service Systems Based on Technical Products" will address a topic that is of equal importance to science, industry and consumers. In this SFB, mechanical engineers, computer scientists and sociologists as well as researchers from marketing and other areas will collaborate to study the cycles that are affected by technical, competitive and social influences, which have a major influence on the development and introduction to market of innovative products and services, sometimes in a very negative way. The projects they have planned cover the entire spectrum of cyclic processes of innovation, from product planning through to marketing, and from tangible goods to services, for the first time. Vendors and customers alike will benefit from their findings. (Host university: Technical University of Munich. Coordinator: Udo Lindemann)
SFB 779 will examine the "Neurobiology of Motivated Behaviour". Researchers will aim to identify the connection between deliberate actions, the brain structures and neural interconnections on which these actions are based, and the neurochemistry involved. The main focus will also be on pathological changes that occur in the course of various neuropsychiatric diseases. Participating scientists from Magdeburg and Leipzig will use a combination of approaches at various levels in their human and animal experiments, ranging from molecular biology to neurophysiology and psychology. They will begin by concentrating on fundamental questions about actions motivated by "how and why", which, in the longer term, may lead to important clinical applications. (Host university: Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg. Coordinator: Thomas F. Münte)
"Synaptic Mechanisms of Neuronal Network Function" is the subject of SFB 780, which will address key issues relating to the functioning of neuronal networks, examining them at three different levels – the structural aspects of individual synapses, analysis of functional networks, and modelling and analysis of human diseases. The researchers, from Freiburg and Basel, will use approaches from molecular biology, neurophysiology, genetics, anatomy and clinical medicine to investigate these issues. They hope that their findings will lead to a better understanding and more effective therapy of neuronal diseases such as epilepsy and Parkinson's disease. (Host university: Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg. Coordinator: Peter Jonas)
SFB 787 "Semiconductors – Nanophotonics: Materials, Models, Components" aims to develop novel photonic and nanophotonic components from a variety of materials. The researchers, from Berlin and Magdeburg, will combine three complementary areas of research: material science, modelling, and production and characterisation of components. This will allow theoreticians and experimental researchers to collaborate closely in basic and applied areas. Working on this basis, they hope, in the long term, to be able to generate very high frequency and ultrashort pulses with laser diodes and semiconductor amplifiers as well as high brilliance lasers in the infra-red to green spectral range. (Host university: Technical University of Berlin. Coordinator: Michael Kneissl)
Jutta Höhn | alfa
How Humans and Machines Navigate Complex Situations
19.11.2018 | Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung
A gene activated in infant and young brains determines learning capacity in adulthood
13.11.2018 | Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
Researchers at the University of New Hampshire have captured a difficult-to-view singular event involving "magnetic reconnection"--the process by which sparse particles and energy around Earth collide producing a quick but mighty explosion--in the Earth's magnetotail, the magnetic environment that trails behind the planet.
Magnetic reconnection has remained a bit of a mystery to scientists. They know it exists and have documented the effects that the energy explosions can...
Biochips have been developed at TU Wien (Vienna), on which tissue can be produced and examined. This allows supplying the tissue with different substances in a very controlled way.
Cultivating human cells in the Petri dish is not a big challenge today. Producing artificial tissue, however, permeated by fine blood vessels, is a much more...
Faster and secure data communication: This is the goal of a new joint project involving physicist


text:
2.5 million people in the UK have diabetes, with people of South Asian origin more likely to get it earlier and have more complications. Making lifestyle changes can help to reduce the risk of getting diabetes.
This study aims to generate informed perspectives on potential approaches to lifestyle change for diabetes prevention by exploring the views, beliefs and experiences of South Asian individuals and families, and relevant health professionals and other stakeholders. The findings will be used to guide the development of an intervention to reduce diabetes risk in South Asians. The feasibility and acceptability of this, and how it might be tested for effectiveness, will then be explored in a further study.
Why is the project necessary?
Diabetes is a common lifelong health condition. There are 2.5 million people in the UK with diabetes. Diabetes happens when the amount of sugar (glucose) in the blood is too high because the body cannot use it properly. People of South Asian origin are more likely to get diabetes earlier and have more complications from the condition than other people in the UK. People are at more risk of developing diabetes if they are overweight, or have a family member with diabetes, or have had diabetes when they were pregnant.
Making changes to your lifestyle can help to reduce the risk of getting diabetes. Two of the best ways of doing this are to eat a good diet and keep active, but this can be difficult. We are doing this research to find ways to encourage people of South Asian origin to live healthy lifestyles. We think this may help to reduce diabetes risk.
Also, reducing diabetes risk in people of South Asian origin is a strategic aim of local PCTs.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


A 11.7 kg block is dragged over arough, horizontal surface by a 72.3 Nforce acting at 21° above thehorizontal. The block is displaced 4.1m, and the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.235
(d) What is the increase in internal energy of theblock-surface system due to friction?
Eint = wrong check mark J
(e) Find the total change in the block's kinetic energy.
K = wrong check mark J
Get this answer with Chegg Study


27.8.10 Histogram Probabilities Graph
Histogram Probabilities Graph.png
Data Requirements
Select exactly one Y column or a range from a worksheet column.
Creating the Graph
Select required data.
From the menu, select Plot > Statistical: Histogram + Probabilities.
or
Click the Histogram + Probabilities button on the 2D Graphs toolbar.
Histogram Probabilities Graph new.png
Please see more details on creating and customizing the Histogram+Probabilities Graph.
Template
HistProb.OTP (installed to the Origin program folder).
Notes
The two layers in the Histogram + Probabilities graph template are linked. Therefore, before you make changes to the X axis scale or to the dimensions of the layer, make sure that the parent layer -- layer 1 -- is the active layer. This will ensure that the child layer axis scales and dimensions -- in this case, layer 2 -- are adjusted accordingly.
This menu command/toolbar button plots a cumulative sum of observations in a second graph layer (layer 2).
Additionally, the Histogram + Probabilities menu command types the statistical results on the Results Log-- the mean, the standard deviation, the maximum and minimum values, and the total number of values.


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Validation and verification are important activities when working with models. Validation means checking external consistency, i.e. that a model corresponds to what it models (usually the real world), whereas verification means checking internal consistency, i.e. that the model isn't contradicting itself. Validation in Ecore relies on capturing knowledge about a domain in the form of constraints, so that you can check that an actual object structure that conforms to a model, also satisfies additional constraints in the domain.
Introduction
Suppose you are modelling an organisation with organisational units (OrgUnit), employees (Person) and roles (Role), and you want to capture the fact that people names can only have letters, spaces and dashes (-), and all OrgUnit should have a manager, i.e. an employee with a role labeled 'manager'. The first rule can be checked by hand-editing the setter-method for the name, but it may be better to somehow indicate that a rules is violated, rather than throwing an exception. The second rule can be easily coded, but it is more difficult to ensure the code is always run when relevant object properties are changed, since several objects and properties are involved. A related problem is how to handle step-wise modelling, since the second rule necessarily will be violated while the model is built, it doesn't make sense to consider it an error that should be prevented. Instead, you can check it at a point when you consider yourself done.
As mentioned in the Ecore page, an Ecore model can be thought of as a way of constraining what objects structures are legal. By using types and multiplicity you can constrain what objects can be linked and how many, but there are still many constraints that cannot be captured with the concepts available in Ecore. To support such constraints, like the ones above, Ecore provides a mechanism for validation that supports both hand-written Java code and interpreted queries using languages like OCL. Ecore's mechanism relies on separating constraints from the checks that are part of the core model and enforced in the generated code. A validator object (EValidator instance) is created and is asked to validate all constraints for a particular object tree, and so-called diagnostic objects report any violations. The standard editors use this mechanism, and mark all invalid objects with a red (error) or yellow (warning) marker, depending on the severity.
Implementing constraints
Ecore supports three ways of providing/implementing constraints
 - rules provided in ExtendedMetaData annotations
 - logic provided in Java code
 - interpreted expressions written in one of many supported languages.
Constraints provided in ExtendedMetaData annotations
A limited set of constraints on data types (EDataType) kan be provided by using so-called ExtendedMetaData annotations, e.g. a pattern for a String-based data type. See _URL_
Constraints implemented in Java code
The Java code variant relies on genmodel's ability to generate a validator subclass with methods for each constraint. Adding and using such a constraint is done in four steps:
Step 1: Add an EAnnotation to the appropriate EClass.
Right-click on the EClass in the editor and add an EAnnotation. Set the source attribute to _URL_ Then add a key/value pair, with constraints as the key and the logical name of the constraint (a valid Java name) as the value. If you need to add several constraints, separate their names by a space.
Step 2: Generate code and locate the validation method stub(s)
Genmodel will generate an EValidator subclass in the util package with one method for each constraints (if there are any) named validator_<constraint name>. The method body contains template code for adding a diagnostic for a violated constraint with ERROR severity. The condition is initially false and needs to be replaced by the real constraint logic. An example of the generated stub is shown right.

Step 3: Implement the constraint logic in Java
The false condition has been replaced by a call to the hasOnlyNameCharacters helper method. You may also lower the severity if the constraint is more of a suggestion. Notice how NOT is added after @generated, to indicate that we've change generated code. This will prevent the code from being overwritten if the class is regenerated.
 /**
 * Validates the nameCharacters constraint of 'Person'.
 *
 *
 * @generated NOT
 */
 public boolean validatePerson_nameCharacters(Person person, ...) {
 if (! hasOnlyNameCharacters(person.getName())) {
 if (diagnostics != null) {
 ...
 }
 return false;
 }
 return true;
 }
 private boolean hasOnlyNameCharacters(String name) {
 for (int i = 0; i < name.length(); i++) {
 char c = name.charAt(i);
 if (! (Character.isLetter(c) || c == ' ' || c == '-')) {
 return false;
 }
 }
 return true;
 }
Step 4: Make the implementation available for the editor
Since the constraint logic is implemented in Java code that must be compiled, you need to either launch another Eclipse or install the EMF project in the same Eclipse, to make the constraint available in an editor.

Interpreted constraints
As an alternative to Java code that must be compiled, you can use an interpreted expression language like OCL for coding constraints. The advantage is a shorter development cycle, the downside is slightly more complex configuration. And of course, there are both advantages and disadvantages of expression languages. Note that the available languages depend on what plugins are installed in Eclipse. OCL support is not part of the standard modelling package, so must be installed from the standard Eclipse installation site. There are several OCL interpreters available, two come with the standard OCL project, and one in the Acceleo Query SDK (easiest to use standalone).
Adding and using an interpreted constraint is done in three steps (note that the OCLinEcore Editor provides a custom textual syntax for Ecore including constraints, see Editing Ecore models):
Step 1: Add an EAnnotation for using OCL for validation to the EPackage.
Support for using OCL for validation must be explicitly indicated with an EAnnotation on the EPackage. Right-click on the EClass in the editor and add an EAnnotation. Set the source attribute to _URL_ and add a key/value pair, with validationDelegates as the key and a language-specific identifier as the value, e.g. _URL_ for the standard OCL support. If you have installed Acceleo (part of Sirius) and prefer the Acceleo Query Language (AQL) you can use _URL_
Step 2: Add an EAnnotation to the appropriate EClass.
This step is the same as step 1 in the previous section: Add an EAnnotation with the source attribute set to _URL_ and a key/value pair, with constraints as the key and the logical names of the constraints separated by a space.

Step 3: Add an EAnnotation for the constraint expression.
This step links the validationDelegate from step 1 to the constraint in step 2: Add another EAnnotation to the EClass, where the source attribute is the same language identifier as above, i.e. the value for the validationDelegate key of step 1. Then add key/value pairs for each constraint, with the constraint name as the key and the OCL expression for the constraint as the value.
An example is shown in the figure to the right. The OCL expression is executed with an OrgUnit instance as self and computes the set of workers with the role of a manager and checks if its size is 1. It can be a bit tricky to formulate the correct expression, and many language installations provide a custom interpreter view for experimenting. E.g. OCL has a special OCL Console and Sirius has an Interpreter view that support evaluating both OCL and AQL expressions on the current selection in the active editor.
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Jewish Journal
August 14, 2006
Pets left behind in the North are focus of Israeli volunteers
YOKNE'AM, Israel, Aug. 15 (JTA) -- When tens of thousands of Israelis fled their homes as Hezbollah rockets began raining down on northern Israel, they left behind not only hastily locked-up houses but, in many cases, their pets.
After days and weeks of being left to fend for themselves, many of the animals were found starving and dehydrated in the streets of northern towns and cities. Estimates put the number of animals in distress at about 8,000.
Three dogs were killed after a rocket hit the house in Kiryat Shmona where their owner had tied them up and left them. Some dogs were found wounded, their bodies riddled with shrapnel. Many others, terrified by the sound of rocket fire and artillery blasts, fled their homes and began living on the streets.
campaign_puppies.gif Soon after the fighting began, Hakol Chai, an Israeli animal welfare group, began sending volunteers to feed and water animals and rescue those in need of medical attention. Yadin Elam, the organization's director, finds it hard to believe so many pets were left behind.
The owners "probably thought it wouldn't take so long, thinking, 'We'll leave food for our pets.' Some of them called us," Elam said. "I have some issues with those people, but they're not the same as people who didn't do anything. Some even chained their dogs in the yard."
Largely supported by donations from American Jews, Hakol Chai sent 12 tons of pet food, hundreds of water bowls, medicine and other supplies to the North during Israel's monthlong war with Hezbollah.
Risking Katyusha fire, volunteers scattered at night into the streets of cities like Kiryat Shmona, Nahariya and Haifa looking for animals that needed medical help, and putting food and water in the streets for the others.
Noam Vardi, Hakol Chai's volunteer coordinator, started the job two weeks before the war began. He wasn't sure how he would find volunteers, but when the war started he was flooded with calls from people anxious to help.
campaign_food3.gif The first night, instead of finding cats to feed in the town of Ma'alot, volunteers were overwhelmed by the stench of death: Many cats already had died.
Since that night, Vardi and his volunteers rescued countless animals by putting out food and water and finding foster homes for others. Many of the cats were street cats that had lived off residents' handouts and garbage.
With the locals no longer there, their situation turned desperate, Vardi said.
Vardi tells the story of two large, emaciated dogs his team found during one of their night rescue tours.
Their owner had left food and water for a few days, but had chained the dogs on leashes scampaign_dogfood.gifo short that the food was just out of reach.
The dogs were brought to a shelter in the center of the country, as was another dog found with internal injuries after he tried to make his way into a bomb shelter. Instead of being brought to safety, he was attacked by the people in the shelter, Elam said.
Meytal Nuriel, a 23-year-old student from Kiryat Shmona, made sure a neighbor took care of her cat when she left for central Israel. Last week she decided she wanted to collect him, but was too scared to do it herself.
She read about Hakol Chai online, and had volunteers pick up the cat and bring him to her.
"If I weren't so scared, I would have gone myself to help them," she said.
"They're doing something really important -- without them, many animals would starve."
On one of Hakol Chai's patrols, a collection of hungry animals was discovered in a yard -- three dogs, eight puppies, pigeons and rabbits crowded inside small cages alongside 20 chickens, parrots, and numerous cats.
Foster homes are being found for the animals.
Farm animals also were affected by the fighting. Farmers say cows are producing less milk because of the stress. Some 20 cows and calves were killed by rocket fire on Kibbutz Amir, near Kiryat Shmona, Hakol Chai officials said.
On Sunday night, just before the U.N. cease-fire went into effect, volunteers gathered in the town of Yokne'am and debated whether or not to go to Kiryat Shmona, where they had planned to distribute food and water.
Some returned to the center of the country, but two others -- including a volunteer who had traveled from the United States to help with the rescue effort -- headed north. Noa Ginzburg, 25, decided to volunteer.
"It's unthinkable that people would leave their animals behind," she said.
Donations to Hakol Chai relief efforts can be made through _URL_, or can be mailed to Hakol Chai, POB 51858, Tel Aviv 67214, or in the U.S., to CHAI, POB 3341, Alexandria, VA 22302, USA.
Photos courtesy Hakol Chai.
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Sound_Sameple::buffer_size (3) - Linux Man Pages
Sound_Sameple::buffer_size: Represents sound data in the process of being decoded.
NAME
Sound_Sample - Represents sound data in the process of being decoded.
SYNOPSIS
#include <SDL_sound.h>
Data Fields
void * opaque
const Sound_DecoderInfo * decoder
Sound_AudioInfo desired
Sound_AudioInfo actual
void * buffer
Uint32 buffer_size
Sound_SampleFlags flags
Detailed Description
Represents sound data in the process of being decoded.
The Sound_Sample structure is the heart of SDL_sound. This holds information about a source of sound data as it is being decoded. EVERY FIELD IN THIS IS READ-ONLY. Please use the API functions to change them.
Field Documentation
Sound_AudioInfo Sound_Sample::actual
Actual audio format of sample.
void* Sound_Sample::buffer
Decoded sound data lands in here.
Uint32 Sound_Sample::buffer_size
Current size of (buffer), in bytes (Uint8).
const Sound_DecoderInfo* Sound_Sample::decoder
Decoder used for this sample.
Sound_AudioInfo Sound_Sample::desired
Desired audio format for conversion.
Sound_SampleFlags Sound_Sample::flags
Flags relating to this sample.
void* Sound_Sample::opaque
Internal use only. Don't touch.
Author
Generated automatically by Doxygen for SDL_sound from the source code.


text:
Why did Britain Win the Battle of Britain?
Britain won the Battle of Britain because Britain for several reasons on Britain's part, and also to German errors. They won because of Britain's superior technology, leadership and tactics.
The main reason for Britain's victory was that Britain had invested in the Radar in the 1930's. This would prove to be a huge benefactor in the victory, because the detection of incoming German aircraft would allow Britain to estimate the direction and number of Luftwaffe bombers, so that RAF planes would not be caught on the ground and destroyed before they could be put in action. Also, communications systems, radar systems and airfields couldn't be put out of action easily, because Radar would be able to detect the incoming aircraft, and the RAF could send fighters to defend these areas.


text:
Pacific Rocky Intertidal Monitoring: Trends and Synthesis
Click here for Long-Term trends
Click here for Biodiversity Survey findings
Paradise Cove is located in the South Coast region of California. The site is located in an Area of Special Biological Significance (Mugu Lagoon to Latigo Point ASBS), within the Point Dume State Marine Conservation Area. There is at least one storm water discharge in the vicinity of this site, and this site is 1.2 miles northeast of the Point Dume Mussel Watch site. This moderately sloping site consists of moderately uneven terrain, containing few cracks and folds.
Paradise Cove is dominated by a mixture of consolidated sandstone bedrock and sandy beach, and the area surrounding the site is comprised of a mixture of consolidated bedrock and sandy beach. The primary coastal orientation of this site is southeast.
Long-Term Monitoring Surveys at Paradise Cove were established in 1994, and are done by University of California Los Angeles. Long-Term MARINe surveys currently target the following species: Chthamalus/Balanus (Acorn Barnacles), Mytilus (California Mussel), Endocladia (Turfweed), Phyllospadix (Surfgrass), and Pisaster (Ochre Star). In addition, motile invertebrates, barnacle recruitment, and mussel size structure are monitored at this site. Click here to view Long-Term trends at this site.
Biodiversity Surveys were done by University of California Santa Cruz in 2001, 2006, and 2010. The Biodiversity Survey grid encompasses two sections that are approximately 12 meters (along shore) x 10 meters (seaward), and 15 meters (along shore) x 10 meters (seaward). Click here to view Biodiversity Survey findings at this site.
For more information about Paradise Cove, please contact Rich Ambrose.


text:
- About Us
- Our Events
Indigenous people have a shorter life expectancy - around 18 to 19 years less than non-indigenous people. The average life span is 57 years for an Aboriginal male and 62 years for an Aboriginal female. The most common causes of death include:
- Circulatory diseases - including heart disease and stroke. The number of deaths caused by conditions such as coronary heart disease is double that of the non-indigenous population.
- Diabetes - and other diseases of the endocrine system. The rate of diabetes is six times higher among indigenous people. It is estimated that diabetes affects between 10 to 30 per cent of the Aboriginal population.
- Injuries - sustained in accidents such as car crashes. An indigenous person is three times more likely to die in an accident than a non-indigenous person. The Aboriginal population also has high rates of suicide and homicide.
- Respiratory system diseases - deaths from chronic disease are three to five times more common. Around half of the diseases are caused by infections. Respiratory infections are 10 times more common in the indigenous population.
- Cancer - particularly lung, cervical and liver cancer. According to the South Australian Cancer Registry, the death rate among the indigenous population is higher because the cancers are typically diagnosed at a later stage.
Babana has a key aim of improving the health of our community and we have worked with key organisations to provide programs that can assist. We would like to thank the Redfern Police and the Aboriginal Health Promotion Unit for their ongoing support of our health program.
We run a weekly health walking program which is attended by both Aboriginal and Non Aboriginal members of our community. We meet each Sunday (weather permitting) at the Babana shed and proceed for a walk followed by breakfast.


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pickup, a drop, or even both.
4.1. Pickup stations
The simplest way how to indicate what we need is to ask ourselves – for example "Is it possible that the station could get full" Answer: Of course! It is a pickup, all it takes is one wave of trains and it is full! And that means that we need to use something that doesn't let trains in if the station is full.
Or another often problematic thought process: Balance the entrance or not? Answer: Balanced entrance for multi-incoming-line pickups is a must in order to make trains able to use any platform, shall it come from anywhere. Otherwise trains might easily fill all platforms on one half, and the other would be left empty.
There are of course more aspects to consider, but these two are the most important.
4.2. Drop stations
The unloading stations can often be made much dirtier since you "just need to drop stuff".
In compare with pickups we don't need any control for letting trains in if station is full – because if it is designed for full throughput, then it should never get full! (only in case of jams and when we build for having jams, something is already wrong)
Balancing the entrance isn't that necessary either! It is helpful in most cases, of course, but we can really have an effective station without balancing the traffic. (PZG13 for example)
4.3. Other stations
The most unique stations are usually having something else – like SRNW stations or stations with refitting depots involved. As another special type I would say pax stations because they usually stay for some extra-long time since they mostly both load and unload. The point is, after all, that we can declare almost every station special or unique, that way copying a station is almost never the right way to go! Note that it usually is better (and more educational) to build your own station, with all the considerations what you need or not, than copying something that doesn't really fit the situation so well.
5. Letting trains in when platforms are full
This is an important aspect that isn't thought about much. Drop stations with platform count high enough shouldn't need to be stopped in the entrance because they should always find a platform free. In terms of pickup stations, there usually are pre-signals to make sure trains don't enter the station when they shouldn't. This has an exception with overflows, where the train has to enter the station at any time – and possibly ending up in the depot, if it fails to join a platform.
A signaling technique greatly related to this is the Pre-signal Bypass, often looked at as being something awesome. In fact, it doesn't do all that much wonders, since if it is long enough to accommodate trains inside, it blocks. For drop stations, we should be able to eliminate the first entry signal, and for drops we could either easily use a different design, make some kind of overflow (not necessarily depot!) or just hope we don't jam.
6. Platform Distribution
All stations consisting of more than one platform need to split the incoming trains into their platforms, possibly to use the platforms as effectively as possible, or just "so that it is enough".
There are two main ways how can trains go. Firstly – wait at waiting bays in front of stations until they reach the station. Secondly – making them not stop until they reach the station.
6.1. Buffering Entrance
Building spaces for trains to let them wait in places you want them to wait should be the most essential thing when building a station. (unless you want no waiting trains in front of a station). Making waiting bays usually applies to stations with balanced entrance and trains with good acceleration. The direct connection is much easier to maintain when the stations aren't balanced so that multiple trains can't collide.
6.2. Direct Connection
Trains don't have to stop when on the way towards their platform just if we use for example combo signals. This works only for situations (not balanced stations) where the train can't be disrupted by some other train getting into it's path and therefore one of them would have to stop. Although for multi-line balanced stations where trains could meet each other in nasty places, we would need to get trains away from the nasty places somehow. Such an anti-blockage mechanism is the fail-safe unblocker.
6.2.1. Fail-safe unblocker
This method has been used already a few times on the public server. The purpose is to make trains not stop until they reach the platforms, and if they are forced to stop, then make them stop in safe locations, not blocking or slowing the main line. Works the same as fail-safe joiner.
The whole thing works based on the fact that a train comes to a certain signal, which gets green just when the train is in front of it (marked position) because we know how long the train is, that way we can place an unblocker exit right to the closest free signal block available. On the other hand when the train passes just by, it isn't green when it shouldn't because of that unblocker signal, since the train is still blocking it.
The usage is in any position where it is possible that two trains could meet. Mainly when making a non-stop terminus station (leaving train could meet the entering), or when there are more than one incoming lines.
Note: The fail-safe mechanism is NOT supposed to prevent trains from stopping completely! It is made so that trains don't block the input line.
6.3. Additions to platform distribution
Sometimes you need to make some line less effective than it actually is. This is mainly when you have splits into the station, to make trains choose "better", but it also applies to the very main ways how to make station entrances.
6.3.1. Signal gap – throughput cap
Just by making a longer signal gap, you can cap the maximum throughput of that piece. That way, this part requires less platforms and so on.
6.3.2. Full-speed waiting bays
This requires only one thing – proper waiting bays. If you can make as tiny signal gaps behind pre-signals as possible, trains could go through one of the choices in their full stream. That way you don't need to care about distribution among platforms since trains just skip somewhere else when one part is full and they can use that line with great throughput.
High-speed split. The highlights mark the signal gaps which are short enough to allow a "normally" full lane.
6.3.3. Logic Split
Sometimes we can use a logic splitter (like flipflop) to distribute trains into platforms properly. There are two cases I can remember in the last games. First one was PSG 189 – rubber/wood drop or PSG 179 Hypnotizer.
Both stations are of a very special kind. We can see that trains "don't know" what is in the platforms or behind them – especially on the other half of the station where they are supposed to only "sometimes". And as we later saw, perfect balancing skyrocketed the throughput to a different level.
The other one is building crap stations and splitting by logic "just because" just like in the image below (PSG192, Dundale)
This is rather a brain disaster than good way to build in terms of building a station if you keep in mind that the only thing that was actually needed was a proper station entrance, for example like the image below. Additionally, logic should be used when needed, not whenever possible. (signals in circles are one at which trains stop in case station gets full, lines show the 3 tiles where trains stop eventually)
7. Time and platform efficiency
Trains use platforms at some rate. This rate differs with each station design. Mostly it is based on how far is the "releaser signal" into the platforms since trains take longer or shorter path to get to the platform. Overall we want to have as high platform usage as possible so we can have lower amount of platforms, although we have to consider the following:
Train acceleration decides if we want to make waiting bays for example. When we have trains that just accelerate very slowly, waiting bays might slow them down too much! In such cases it might be better to make trains not stop until they reach their platforms. On the other hand if we have trains that are in full speed fast, we can make waiting bays with great efficiency because they don't mind that much.
Another decisive thing is how long do our trains stay in the station. If they have fast loading times, we need the station to be able to feed trains faster to the platforms. This can be key in some situations, such as using the direct connecting without stopping trains on the way.
One of possible improvements (not always! – train acceleration is important) is making waiting bays right in front of the platforms. That way trains get into the platforms right after they get free. Just like in the image below.
8. Synced Station
Just like syncing bridges, this makes trains come out in the same formation as they came in. This means all platforms take equally long path to go into and out of in total. From the way how it works we can say that you have to use the direct entrance. Any balancing could break it since there would be a possibility that trains could meet, therefore one would have to stop. Another thing to consider is that we need to have all trains stay in the station (load/unload) for equally long time. (easiest to just send there trains of one cargo type)
Naturally, having synced station is quite useful especially for fast and badly accelerating trains just because they don't have to stop.
A perfect example


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Slough, pronounced like slew, refers to a marshy place or mire. As a verb, it can mean to plod through mud or for a slough to engulf something. The word's origins are appropriately murky. It derives from Middle English sloughe or slo, which comes from Old English sloh, meaning muddy ground. After that the origins are uncertain. It could derive from Middle High German slouche, meaning ditch, or from Proto-Germanic *slokhaz.
Figuratively, slough describes a state of moral degradation. John Bunyan made use of this meaning in The Pilgrim's Progress with the "Slough of Despond," a deep bog into which Christian sinks under the weight of sin and guilt.
Then I stepped to him [Help] that pluckt him [Christian] out, and said, Sir, wherefore, since over this place is the way from the City of Destruction to yonder Gate, is it that this plat is not mended, that poor travellers might go thither with more security? And he said unto me, This miry Slough is such a place as cannot be mended; it is the descent whither the scum and filth that attends conviction for sin doth continually run, and therefore it is called the Slough of Dispond; for still as the sinner is awakened about his lost condition, there ariseth in his soul many fears and doubts, and discouraging apprehensions, which all of them get together, and settle in this place: And this is the reason of the badness of this ground (The Pilgrim's Progress, The First Part, paragraph 53).
|Diamond Python sloughing.|
I think it's fascinating that words with such different meanings would converge on the same spelling but retain different pronunciations. Here's a fun exercise. Use the word slough in a sentence multiple times touching on its different meanings. Then read the sentence aloud, matching the pronunciation with the meaning.
For example: The snake was sloughed while sloughing in a slough. [Read as: The snake was slewed while sluffing in a slew.]
Photo Credit: Peter Ellis. Image used in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License.


text:
Background: Thoracic ectopia cordis and other midline defects are rare congenital anomalies that often occur with other intracardiac defects. Despite significant improvements in neonatal and infant cardiac surgeries, operations for thoracoabdominal ectopia cordis carry an extremely high mortality with only a few reported survivors of thoracic ectopia cordis.
Methods: The clinical charts of 4 patients with ectopia cordis over a 6-year period were reviewed. Three of the patients showed varying degrees of Cantrell's Pentalogy; thoracic ectopia cordis was found in 1. We have reviewed our surgical strategies and reported the patients' clinical outcomes.
Results: All 4 patients are alive at follow-up. Two infants with double-outlet right ventricle have been fully corrected, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was necessary in 1 infant for cardiac failure following the cardiac repair. A newborn with thoracoabdominal ectopia cordis underwent primary repair of his diaphragmatic defect, and a silo was used to progressively reduce the omphalocele. He is currently awaiting elective repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Lastly, the patient with thoracic ectopia cordis underwent successful soft tissue coverage, and she is being followed in the clinic with restrictive muscular ventricular septal defects and a left ventricular diverticulum.
Conclusions: Our experience along with other reports in the literature demonstrates that patients with thoracic and thoracoabdominal ectopia cordis can undergo and survive full cardiac, neurologic, and abdominal repair during infancy. Furthermore we advocate different approaches determined by the severity of the presentation and the presence of other complicating factors.


, you can do it like this :
 MyHandle := LoadLibrary('My_Extern_RESes.DLL');
 TButton1.Glyph.Handle := LoadBitmap(MyHandle,'My_Glyph');

Placing Glyphs, Bitmaps, String-const's etc. in DLL's can really reduce a projects EXE-size. (Tip came from David Konrad)
Basis rule: the more forms and units you add, the larger your exe becomes. When you had one huge form, you only had one form class - even when you had 500+ things on it ! This creates only one runtime type information for that class. Now, when you split this into 17 units, each class in that unit requires its own RTTI. Now, this runtime information can get large, collectively, with a lot of redundant information compared to when you only had one huge class. Also, if each of the 17 units had its own form, your end product must contain resource information for all 17 of those forms even though most of that information may be redundant. One reason why this happens is because the Delphi compiler doesn't optimize resources - but I don't know of any compiler that does. So, if you had two separate forms which are identical in look, you'll have 2 copies of the resource in your .EXE.
This leaves some work for the programmer to be creative in maximizing resource reuseability. (Tip came from Young Chung)
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dyancerAuthor Commented:
*********************************** WE DID IT **************************
we have reduced the size of the executable file to 75K... believe it or not...
we do reduce the size from 400K to 75K without loose of any of the program functionality,
and to you "Matvey"
yea sure...
i think we have some thing in common, i mean the HEBREW, We are an ISRAELI software company that devote it's work for developing programs that help people use the RTL writing direction including hebrew and arabic beside of many other LTR languages.
(for your information)
RTL stands for right to left.
LTR stands for left to right
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dyancerAuthor Commented:
TO retnuh,
I don't know if i should give you the points, because you don't bring up any thing new to me or any thing that other users not posted as a comment...
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retnuhCommented:
no problem, what other methods did you use, and where can I find petit.exe? I'm kind of in the same boat right now. I'm making a windows installer and a dos installer and putting them into one executable, so small executable size is must.
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MatveyCommented:
Great dyancer, I'm glad you finally made it.
What company is it you're developing for? In my oppinion there are lot's of things involving RTL languages that can be improved. Just lately for example I tried to write to a friend in Hebrew through Netscape, and we both saw the text inversed! It should be a really good idea to make an application like the one you've made.
BTW, how about the fonts? Are fonts included in it too? I saw some ideas of applications that don't use the standard fonts for text, instead they use their own images for building the text, which is of course almost the same as fonts except that it's not involving external files and installation. It's also easier if and creative...
Where are you within here by the way? I'm from Petach-Tiqa...
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dyancerAuthor Commented:
Thnx Matvey for your greetings...
Our programme is a mail Client, we are working now to build it as MAPI SERVER - "see my other question about mapi in this site",
this mail client work exactly as other mail clients (netscape mailer, eudora, pegasus and other) except for the nationalization idea, i mean you can send mail containg up to 30 deffrent languages AT THE SAME EMAIL...
also it include a virtual keyboard, it can spell check 9 languages and alot more...
about FONTS ... the user can choose to use any font installed in the system ( this should be carfully done, because the reciever person need to have these fonts installed also in his system) or to use our alternative build-in font so it is not a system dependent font.
(if u would like further information, please email me to _EMAIL_)

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jeurkCommented:
Hello,
I'm not sure I've read everything, but why has no one sugested you don't use
the VCL at all ? This is the best method for reducing the exe size.
But for sure it's a pain to develop app like that. You have to do all the coding
by yourself like in the ancient time. Do all the message handling by hand.
But it will drastically reduce the exec size (yes i read you made what you wanted)
It's just to add a comment.
To get an example you can take a look at Delphi Zip, v1.40
you can get a copy here : _URL_
In there you have the source code for a small program that is the
front end for an autodecompress zip file. With a small interface etc...
Very interesting to see what you can do without delphi ;)
But i can understand that if you hadd to do like that you won't be using delphi ;)
CU
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dyancerAuthor Commented:
hello DPedrelli.
thanx alot for trying to help, but, i want you to notice that
1) you came long time after i already success to solve the problem.
2) you say nothing new, i mean , u repeat what other experts said.
3) i cant give you the points...
<NOTICE > this question is to consider Deleted/solved/PAQ.
dyancer
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MatveyCommented:
Hi dyancer, how is it going, any news with the project?
You were also speaking about a friend of yours that could give me a hand with my DSP project...
Yours, Matvey
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dyancerAuthor Commented:
Hey Matvey,
The project is almost done,
you can download a demo version at _URL_
about the buddy who made a DSP project, he got married, and now he is enjoying his HONEY-MOON :)
i'm sending you an email as well..
hope to hear from you soon.
dyancer.
0
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text:
Converting to a Pull-String Piñata
A pull-string piñata works well for younger children and enclosed spaces, as well as for piñatas that your child might not feel comfortable hitting, such as a familiar licensed character. Instead of hitting the piñata, children pull strings attached to a hidden door that opens the piñata and releases the candy. Most piñatas can be converted to a pull-string style using the following instructions:
- Set the piñata down with the bottom facing up.
Note: Some oddly-shaped piñatas may require creativity in deciding where the pull flap should be.
- On the bottom, use an Exacto or utility knife to make a 3-sided trap door with approximately 3- to 4-inch sides.
- Use the point of the blade to make small slits through the cardboard on the flap, making enough slits for each ribbon that you plan to use (at least one for each guest).
- Cut the appropriate number of ribbons.
Note: Ribbon length should correspond to the height at which you plan to hang the piñata.
- Thread a ribbon through each slit.
- Either knot all of the ribbons together inside the flap or knot just one or two ribbons and leave the rest loose. The first way allows all of the children to pull the strings at the same time to open the piñata as a group, whereas the second way allows them to each select a ribbon until someone finds the one that opens the flap.
- Fill the piñata with candy and/or small prizes.
- Close the flap and lightly seal it with a small piece of Scotch tape, using enough to hold the flap shut but not so much that you prevent the door from opening when someone pulls the knotted ribbon(s).


Table of Contents
John Bakeless, Baker Brownell, Hung-Shou Ch'en, C. Cunningham, Richard Butler Glaenzer, Margaret Judson, and more
Orpheus in the Street
B. K. van Slyke
In Winter
B. K. van Slyke
Search Every Issue of Poetry
Originally appeared in Poetry magazine.
This poem has learning resources.
This poem is good for children.
This poem has related video.
This poem has related audio.


text:
Space Venture Europe 2020 provides a complete overview of entrepreneurship and private investment trends in the European space sector based on critical investment numbers and surveys statistics.
In the wake of NASA's Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS), a disruptive commercial approach to space has emerged, commonly called "New Space". This sectorial dynamic has been steadily emerging in Europe, with strong developments in the European Space start-ups.
The report provides an in-depth investigation of the evolution of Europe's entrepreneurship environment and start-up dynamics. Space Venture 2020 sheds light on specific tendencies and developments:
- Key metrics and trends
- Developments in the relationship between public institutions and the European New Space ecosystem
- Analysis of the Private Investment in European Space Start-ups
- Perspectives on the European Space Entrepreneurial Ecosystem (ESPI Survey)
- European Start-up Stories, a great way to know about disruptive European space companies
- Key Takeaways, a summary of the main findings from the investment database and surveys, some of which you can find here:
- Record €502 million raised by European space start-ups, despite the COVID-19 crisis
- 65% of private investment concentrated in the top 5 transactions
- 75% of private investment is from venture capital
- Impact of COVID on business: 50% of start-ups estimate impact to be negligible
Space Venture Europe 2020 uses a proprietary private investment database and an annual survey. This report, which counts over 120 responses to the survey, presents a broad range and extensive sample offering unique insights into this sector's dynamics.


text:
Aker the devil of the witches' coven, is wandering the streets. He and his retinue of percussionists travel through villages and towns.
After many years spent traveling the world with their amazing drum and fireworks shows, the Basque company DEABRU BELTZAK (ES) and the company LES COMMANDOS PERCU (F) combine their talents and know-how with a clear objective: to reclaim the streets. Dossier pdf
Based on urban dance, fire and rhythm, SU À FEU explores urban space from a fantastic new angle. In SU À FEU peculiar characters reminiscent of beings from the future invade the street, transforming it into a space where modern rituals involving movements from daily life blend with rhythms from different parts of the world and primitive fire.


text:
Charles Stewart Parnell
by Mary Grant
Victorian plaster sculpture still remains an unfashionable and little researched subject. Recent research sheds light on the production process for Mary Grant's plaster bust of the Irish politician, Charles Stewart Parnell, created in 1892, the year after his death. The bust is on display in room 21 at the National Portrait Gallery. Mary Grant (_PHONE_), one of the few women working professionally as a sculptor in Victorian England, was a niece of Sir Francis Grant, portrait painter, President of the Royal Academy and Trustee of the National Portrait Gallery. The Irish patriot, politician and landowner, Charles Stewart Parnell (1846-91), was leader of the Irish party in the House of Commons, and a passionate advocate of Irish home rule.
Many sculptors employed professional plaster workers, sometimes called sculptors' moulders, to undertake specialist work in the sculpture production process. Mary Grant was no exception and used Fernando Meacci (c._PHONE_), an Italian-born piece moulder and figure maker, for the last five years of his life. Meacci lived in Cale Street, Chelsea, not far from Mary Grant's studio in Tite Street, a fashionable location for artists. Meacci's account book and related copy invoices, covering the period from 1886 until his death, age 56, in 1893, is in the London Metropolitan Archives. As well as working for Mary Grant, he undertook numerous tasks for Alfred Gilbert and Edward Onslow Ford.
Meacci charged £1.12s on 28 January 1892 for waste moulding, casting and chipping out a bust of Parnell, including a pedestal for the bust, and a further £5.10s on 5 February for "making a Gelatine Mould" of the bust and casting three copies. Waste moulding was a process of forming a mould but at the expense of losing ('wasting') the original, which had to be chipped out from the mould. A gelatine mould was a flexible type of mould used in casting. It is very likely that the National Portrait Gallery bust, purchased directly from the artist for £10.10s in 1897, is one of the copies produced by Meacci in 1892. This little-known plaster figure maker is the subject of an entry in the forthcoming directory, British bronze statue founders and plaster figure makers, _PHONE_. Further details of the directory, which goes live in January 2011, can be found at British bronze founders and plaster figure makers.
Previous research discoveries (series starts September 2010)


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'The Kept' by James Scott
James Scott's "The Kept" is set in rural upstate New York in 1897.
James Scott's "The Kept" is set in rural upstate New York in 1897.Taylor Scott
The western has all but vanished from movies and TV at a moment when it might seem that our schools and shopping malls are devolving into some looping mash-up of "Deadwood" and "Gunfight at the O.K. Corral."
Such is not the case with the new mavericks of frontier-life fiction, who, emboldened by transformational writers such as Larry McMurtry and Cormac McCarthy, are imaginatively connecting the dots between the trigger-happy pathologies of America in its pioneer infancy and the stand-your-ground excesses of a graying democracy as it appears to be lurching into second childhood.
The impossibility of any sort of childhood in a preternaturally violent society is one of the themes of James Scott's bravura debut novel, "The Kept," which combines the revenge tropes of a classic John Ford horse opera with the gender-shifting plot elements of contemporary genre novels exemplified by Amanda Coplin's "The Orchardist" and Mary Volmer's "Crown of Dust."
Scott's take on the Wild West is actually the Wild East, or rather rural upstate New York, a region that, in 1897, still seems stubbornly resistant to the civilizing developments spurred by the second Industrial Revolution.
The farmhouse that career midwife Elspeth Howell has shared with her husband, Jorah, and their five children is a six-hour walk to the nearest town, so far that, when Elspeth returns after several months absence plying her trade to find Jorah and four of their children riddled with bullets, there is ostensibly no one in earshot to come to her aid.
Relief of a punishing sort arrives in the guise of the massacre's lone survivor, 12-year-old son Caleb, who, terrified and confused, lifts a shotgun and fires at a figure that turns out to be his mother. He tends to her wounds, half expecting a ghost to emerge: "He imagined her spirit like a wisp of smoke," writes Scott, embroidering with a characteristically clinical ferocity, "but one with talons and teeth that it dug into her insides and the groan was those nails and teeth being dragged across her rib, her throat and her lungs as it fought to keep its place."
And all this, mind you, in the first 20 pages.
A tumultuous fatalism informs the more than 350 that follow, as a grimly resuscitated Elspeth and a traumatized Caleb, vaulted by outrageous circumstance into premature adulthood, set out in the frigid dead of winter to track down and kill the family's murderers.
After an all-too-brief respite from a kindly elderly couple who weathered a close scrape with the suspected killers, they wind up in Caleb's birthplace, a hothouse of vice and denial where children making snow angels are easily confused with the dead bodies that periodically line the streets.
As they sniff out their targets, Caleb goes to work for a thuggish cathouse owner while Elspeth, in a perverse grab at wearing the pants in the family, adopts male disguise and takes a rugged job as an icehouse laborer.
There are two journeys at play here: that of an adolescent boy finding his true grit and that of a perennially absent mother getting a grip on her maternal center (mysteriously lax for a woman who has amassed a brood of five). Even though mother and son share the same objective, their odyssey seems to unfold in isolation from one another, a separation exacerbated by Elspeth's emotional disconnectedness and her omnipresent sense of sinner's guilt.
It is a testament to the author's artisan-like control that he is able to tease us with the essence of Elspeth's crimes from the outset and yet keep the terrible measure of her dereliction at bay until the final clinch, as breathless as it is inevitable.
Due to a reporting error, an earlier version incorrectly stated the last name of the protagonist, Elspeth. It's Elspeth Howell.


text: Hoodia gordonii is a supplement of natural origin which is known for its appetite suppressant activity. Owing to its anorectic activity, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of H. gordonii supplementation on metabolic changes and appetite regulatory peptides during calorie restriction. Male albino rats were divided into three groups (n = 12 in each) - Control, Calorie Restricted (CR, 25% for 5 days), Calorie Restricted and H. gordonii supplemented (CR + HG, organic solvent extract given orally for 5 days at a dose of 100 mg/kg bwt.). The regulatory peptides i.e. ghrelin, leptin, CCK, NPY, insulin, IGF-1, corticosterone, thyroid hormones, adiponectin, serotonin were determined. On comparison with CR rats, modulations were noticed in the appetite regulatory peptides and biochemical variables of the CR + HG rats. A significant decline in ghrelin and increase in CCK was observed. The CR group exhibited a significant decrease in leptin, IGF-1, plasma and whole brain serotonin with a significant increase in the ghrelin and thyroxin levels. These changes indicate altered metabolic responses and hunger suppression which seem to be caused by H. gordonii with CR along with the changes occurring due to CR itself. It is concluded that H. gordonii can modulate hunger during CR and may be used for better adherence to dietary restriction regime. (c) 2014 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


text:
Budget 2076-77 is an expansionary budget, which was presented by Finance Minister Dr. Yubraj Khatiwoda on 15th Jestha 2076. This budget aims to achieve an economic growth rate of 8.5%, inflation target at 6%, and employment generation for 5 lakhs Nepalese by the end of the FY 2076-77.
Objectives, and Policies and Programs
- The major objectives of Budget 2076-77 are
- Uplift of living standard,
- Economic growth backed by social justice, and
- Economic, physical, and social infrastructure development with an aim to upgrade to a middle-income country by 2030, and to build the foundation for the prosperous socialism-oriented economy.
- Major Policies, Programs, and Procedures to achieve the objectives are
- Eradication of absolute poverty, and rapid uplift of living standard of marginalized sectors, groups, and community with prior focus on social security,
- Enhancement of productive capacity, domestic capital formation through a transformation of social, local, and cooperative sectors,
- Quality education, health facilities, drinking water; economic infrastructure development for agriculture, industry, tourism, and the like,
- Rule of law, the effectiveness of public services, good governance backed by accountability and active public participation.
Revenue Source Identification
- Government revenue: RS. 9 Kharba 81 Arba 13 Crores 83 Lakhs
- Foreign Grants: RS. 57 Arba 99 Crores 55 Lakhs
- Foreign borrowing: RS. 2 Kharba 98 Arba 83 Crores 33 Lakhs
- Domestic borrowings: RS. 1 Kharba 95 Arba
- Budget 2076-77 stands at RS. 15 Kharba 32 Arba 96 Crores 71 Lakhs, which is 28% higher than the Budget 2075-76.
- Current Expenditure amounted to RS. 9 Kharba 57 Arba 10 Crores 14 Lakhs (62.4%)
- Capital Expenditure amounted to RS. 4 Kharba 8 Arba 59 Lakhs (26.6%).
- Financial Expenditure amounted to RS. 1 Kharba 67 Arba 85 Crores 98 Lakhs (11%).
- The economic growth rate projected at 8.5%.
- Employment prospects to 5 Lakhs citizens.
- Inflation target at 6%.
- Income tax exemption range increased to Rs. 4 Lakhs for Individual and Rs. 4.5 Lakhs for a couple.
- Tax exemption during the process of merger of Banking and Financial Institutions.
- VAT exemption in accident and health insurance.
- Capital Gain Tax (CGT) in the share market is decreased to 5%
- CGT in Real Estate is decreased to 5% (sub-metropolitan) and 10% in (metropolitan)
- Government staff salary for gazetted officers and non-gazetted officer to be increased by 18% and 20% respectively and all other incentives and facilities are kept unchanged
Central, State, and Local Level
- Equalization grant to provinces amounting to Rs. 55 Arba 30 Crores and Rs. 89 Arba 95 Crores to local bodies.
- Conditional grant to provinces amounting to Rs. 44 Arba 55 Crores, and RS. 1 Kharba 23 Arba 87 Crores.
- Expected revenue sharing of Rs. 1 Kharba 30 Arba 89 Crores in Provinces and Local levels.
- Equitable grant for provinces and local level amounting to Rs. 10 Arba.
Major Policies for the Fiscal Year 2076-77
- 1 Kharba 63 Arba 76 Crores for Education, Science, and Technology.
- Free education up to secondary level; establishment of an informal school for students unable to join regular schooling
- Announcement of 'Literate Nepal' and 'Literacy Campaign'. 70 districts to be fully literate by the end of fiscal year 2076/77.
- Establishment of President Educational Improvement Fund to uplift the quality of public schools. A decade lasting from 2076 to 2085 has been declared as the decade of 'Improving Quality of Education in Public School'.
- 8 Arba 53 Crores for Construction of 300 additional school building.
- 3 Arba 19 Crores for School Level Scholarship.
- 1 Arba 50 Crores grant for training and development of volunteering-teachers.
- 2 Arba 21 Crores for quality improvement of study materials such as books in order to increase the effectiveness of education.
- 5 Arba 95 Crores for a day-lunch facility to schooling children in Public Schools.
- 1 Arba 10 Crores for the establishment of Madan Bhandari Science and Technology University.
- The total budget for the Health Sector amounted to Rs. 68 Arba 78 Crores.
- 2 Arba 20 Crores grant for the cure of 8 severe diseases to destitute citizens.
- 1 Arba 82 Crores for the cure of Tuberculosis, AIDS, and other sexually transmitted diseases.
- 5 Arba 57 Crores for the Hospital under construction.
- The total budget allocated for Drinking water and Sanitation amounted to Rs. 43 Arba 46 Crores.
- 7 Arba 39 Crores for Melamchi Drinking Water Project.
- Budget allocation for Labour and Employment stands at Rs. 7 Arba 14 Crores.
- 5 Arba 1 Crores for Prime Minister Employment Program.
- Total budget allocation for Social Security amounted to RS. 64 Arba 50 Crores.
- The Elderly Allowance has been increased from Rs. 2000 to Rs. 3000.
- Allowances to disabled, differently abled, single woman, and endangered indigenous groups have been increased by RS. 1000.
- Budget allocation for Women, Children, and Senior Citizen amounted to Rs. 78 Crores.
- Total budget allocation for development of Agriculture and Animal farming amounted to Rs. 34 Arba 80 Crores.
- 8 Arba 10 Crores for Prime Minister Agriculture Modernization Project.
- Budget allocation in the Irrigation Sector stands at Rs. 23 Arba 63 Crores.
- 5 Arba 73 Crores budget allocation for construction of dams in rivers such as Koshi, Narayani, Karnali, and so on.
- 15 Arba 49 Crores for Forestry and Environment.
- Budget for Land management and Cooperative sectors amounted to RS. 7 Arba 69 Crores.
- Budget allocation for Tourism stands at Rs. 22 Arba 68 Crores.
- Total budget allocation for Industry, Commerce, and Supplies stands at 11 Arba 74 Crores.
- Total Budget allocation for Energy Sector stands at RS. 83 Arba 49 Crores.
- Budget allocation for Road, Rail, and Water Transportation infrastructure development stands at Rs. 1 Kharba 63 Arba 52 Crores.
- Budget for transportation management stands at RS. 1 Arba 53 Crores.
- Budget for accommodation, building, and urban development stands at Rs. 40 Arba 73 Crores.
- Budget for Earthquake Reconstruction stands at Rs. 1 Kharba 41 Arba.
- Budget allocation for Local Infrastructure and Airway Infrastructure amounted to Rs. 37 Arba 80 Crores.
- Budget allocation for Youth and Sports stands at Rs. 3 Arba 99 Crores.
- "Open Bank Account" Campaign and ambitious aim to have a bank account of every Nepali Youth.
- Encouragement of mobile, internet, and branchless banking so that rural area can have easy access to banking facilities.
- Priority for the use of cards and the internet to make and receive payments.


A Squid is an application software released under GNU/GPL which acts as a proxy server as well as web cache daemon. Squid primarily supports protocols like HTTP and FTP and also other protocols like HTTPS, SSL, TLS, etc are well supported. The web cache daemon makes web surfing faster by caching web and DNS for frequently visited websites. Squid is known to support all major platforms including Linux, UNIX, Microsoft Windows, and Mac. The data stored by Squid is in ufs format. The Ufs is the old well-known Squid storage format.
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Check Out Texas Midland On eBay. Find It On eBay. But Did You Check eBay? Find Texas Midland On eBay Midland reached it's highest population of 153,768 in 2021. Spanning over 75 miles, Midland has a population density of 2,067 people per square mile. The average household income in Midland is $112,701 with a poverty rate of 9.16%. The median rental costs in recent years comes to $1,262 per month, and the median house value is $219,500 Midland County, Texas Population 2021. Midland County, Texas 's estimated population is 185,486 with a growth rate of 2.39% in the past year according to the most recent United States census data. Midland County, Texas is the 27th largest county in Texas. The 2010 Population was 136,974 and has seen a growth of 35.42% since this time
47,242. Persons per household, 2015-2019. 2.90. Living in same house 1 year ago, percent of persons age 1 year+, 2015-2019. 80.1%. Language other than English spoken at home, percent of persons age 5 years+, 2015-2019. 33.5%. Computer and Internet Use. Households with a computer, percent, 2015-2019 Midland's population has officially topped 150,000, according to the city of Midland. the estimated population at the end of 2021 would be 157,735. according to the Texas State. According to our research of Texas and other state lists, there were 558 registered sex offenders living in Midland, Texas as of July 28, 2021. The ratio of all residents to sex offenders in Midland is 237 to 1. The City-Data.com crime index weighs serious crimes and violent crimes more heavily.
Midland, TX. (1) Number of persons, in thousands, not seasonally adjusted. (2) Data were subject to revision on April 16, 2021. (3) In percent, not seasonally adjusted. (4) Number of jobs, in thousands, not seasonally adjusted. See About the data Midland, TX: Mineral Wells, TX: United States Population: 131,286: 15,341: 321,004,407 Female Population: 49.6%: 49.5%: 50.8% Male Population: 50.4%: 50.5%: 49.2%.
.6%: 48.5%: 50.8% Male Population: 50.4%: 51.5%: 49.2% Median Ag CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) INFORMATION. As of July 29, 2021, at 3:56 p.m., there are 20,084 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 260 COVID-19 related deaths in Midland
Data for Resident Population are estimates as of July 1. Data for 1970, 1980, 1990, and 2000 are annual census. Population estimates are updated annually using current data on births, deaths, and migration to calculate population change since the most recent decennial census Midland, Texas. Wed 16 Jun, 2021 - 5:50 PM ET. Revenue Framework: 'aaa': The city of Midland has realized strong 10-year revenue growth. Revenues have been volatile but have grown significantly, even during the period following the oil price collapse of 2014. The revenue framework assessment is also supported by the city's satisfactory. Andrews, Texas, United States 45.4 km (28.2 mi) WNW Population: 13816 West Odessa, Texas, United States 46.2 km (28.7 mi) SW Population: 22707 Austin, Texas, United States 464.8 km (288.8 mi) ESE Population: 93183
Carta para la reapertura de clases COVID 2020-2021. GISD MOVING FORWARD 2020-2021 DETAILS. GISD MOVING FORWARD 2020-2021 DETAILS. Survey. Complete esta encuesta para que Greenwood ISD pueda obtener una comprensión precisa de sus pensamientos para el año escolar 2020-2021. Esta información será beneficiosa para nosotr.. In 2019, Midland, TX had a population of 139k people with a median age of 31.7 and a median household income of $79,329. Between 2018 and 2019 the population of Midland, TX grew from 135,134 to 138,549, a 2.53% increase and its median household income declined from $79,744 to $79,329, a −0.52% decrease Midland is located in western Texas, as part of the Permian Basin, about halfway between Fort Worth and El Paso. According to 2019 Census data , Midland has a population of around 176,832
Date (s) & Update Frequency: 2019 (latest available). Updated annually. Please note: Unemployment data updated May 2021. Methodology: Unlike standardly available Census demographics, NeighborhoodScout uses dozens of custom models to transform 8.5 million raw demographic data elements from government sources into proprietary indices and insights The population density in Midland is 1424% higher than Texas. The median age in Midland is 7% lower than Texas. In Midland 81.00% of the population is White. In Midland 7.35% of the population is Black. In Midland 1.99% of the population is Asian Midland has 119,409 residents in 2010-2014, ranked #27 in Texas, grew 25.70% since 2000. Midland races, gender, age, and other demography info and rankings also included population-growth. Midland population growth statistics 1991 to 2036 compiled and presented by population experts, id. Population growth across Midland is recorded by the Australian Bureau of Statistics in their Census collections every five years, and also in estimates in between Census periods
Midland, Texas is a warm and inviting West Texas city, conveniently located on Interstate 20, halfway between Fort Worth and El Paso. Easily accessible, it boasts Midland International Air & Space Port, serviced daily by American, Southwest, and United Airlines and is the closest airport to Big Bend National Park Updated: 4:39 PM CST January 29, 2021. MIDLAND, Texas — The Field's Edge announced on its Facebook page that it was partnering with Midland Memorial Hospital to get the local homeless population. Midland, TX » Weather Closings New feral hog contraceptive bait released to 'curb population growth' July 29, 2021 6:30PM - 9PM EDT Men's Golf Round 2, Part 1 July 29, 2021 6:45PM - 9. . Midland, TX. The west Texas metro area of Midland reported a 28.9% population growth between 2010 and 2019, higher than all but three other metropolitan areas in the United States. Located in.
Explore the Healthiest Communities assessment of Midland County in Texas through 84 measures that influence community health. Download 2021 Rankings. Best States. Home. Population Health Published: Mar. 24, 2021 at 3:33 PM PDT. MIDLAND, Texas (KOSA) - According to Midland health officials, the number of positive covid cases is dropping. However, the demand for the vaccine is also. Texas Population Texas (USPS abbreviation is TX) is the state located in the south central of the United States.Texas State is bounded by Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the west, Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast. Texas population in 2021 is estimated to be 29.2 million and its second populous state in US after California..
To schedule a pre-development meeting, please contact the Planning Division at _PHONE_. Meetings must be scheduled at least one week in advance. All open records requests must be made in writing and are handled by the City's Public Information Act Coordinator, Hope Perez. To request a copy of a City record, please email publicinfo. According to the most recent data from the FBI, the total crime rate in Midland is 2,261.0 per 100,000 people. That's -8.71% lower than the national rate of 2,476.7 per 100,000 people and -19.53% lower than the Texas total crime rate of 2,809.6 per 100,000 people.. Note: Because the rates of crime are so low in America, we use per 100,000 people to make the number a bit easier to compare. Zip Code 79703 is located in the state of Texas in the Odessa - Midland metro area. Zip code 79703 is primarily located in Midland County. The official US Postal Service name for 79703 is MIDLAND, Texas. Portions of zip code 79703 are contained within or border the city limits of Midland, TX, Back in 2008, Midland, Texas, Mayor Wes Perry knew his town was about to take off. The city of nearly 150,000 in west Texas sits atop the Permian Basin, one of North America's largest oil reserves MIDLAND, Texas (KOSA) - It's not uncommon for floodwaters to sweep away loose items and trash. Oil, however, is another story. It gets on top of the water and just spreads everywhere.
Total number of Hispanic Or Latino led homes in Midland, by type. Total Home Population: 12,377. Population of Family homes: 9,636. Population of 15 to 24 year olds: 861. Population of 25 to 34 year olds: 2,619 15 Mar 2021 2,704. 5:55. Reports from local news outlets in Midland, Texas, reveal busloads of migrant children being moved under the cover of darkness into a local holding facility. State and local officials received little or no advance notice of the federal government's plans to move these migrant children into


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Themes and Motifs
The following is a brief synopsis of the themes and motifs in "Good Country People".
- Hulga vs. Manley – presumed knowledge versus the actual knowledge and experience. The main conflict in the story.
- Naivity (with 2 dots on the i) vs. Experience -Hulga represents naivity and Manley represents knowledge.
- Hulga's struggle to break the barriers of good country people (Hulga Vs. her mother) -Hulga wants to be better than a good country person but cannot break the barrier to the real world. In an attempt to gain her goal, Hulga gets her Ph.D.
1. Good Country Peoplethe reference to the perceived simplicity and innocence of the people.
2. Names-The occurrence of the symbolism of the character names is a motif.
Home Page | Flannery O'Connor | Characters, Symbols, & Ironies


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Can Ride-Sharing Become Attractive? A Case Study of Taxi-Sharing Employing a Simulation Modelling Approach
d'Orey, P. M.
IET Intelligent Transport Systems Vol. 9, Nº 2, pp. 210 - 220, February, 2015.
ISSN (print): _PHONE_
ISSN (online): 1751-956X
Scimago Journal Ranking: 0,45 (in 2015)
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1049/iet-its.2013.0156
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Improved urban mobility can be attained through more efficient vehicle usage and better road network utilization, namely through increased vehicle occupancy and new operation modes. In this paper we focus on a dynamic and distributed taxi-sharing system that takes advantage of nowadays widespread availability of communication and distributed computation to provide a cost-efficient, door-to-door and flexible service, offering a quality of service similar to conventional taxis. This system has been evaluated following a Simulation Modelling Approach, including a realistic and accurate replication of the taxi operation in the city of Porto using empirical data (real origin/destination data and average occupancy rates). Simulation results show improved performance in terms of reduced fares (up to 8%), reduced total travel distance (up to 9%) and smaller operation costs. Furthermore, we proposed that several trade-offs (e.g. service performance versus passengers' transit times) should be considered during the system deployment and operation. In the study it was also shown that increased system penetration rate and demand level can even further improve the system performance.


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Geochemical evidence for active tropical serpentinization in the Santa Elena Ophiolite, Costa Rica: An analog of a humid early Earth?
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dc.contributor.author Sanchez-Murillo, Ricardo
dc.contributor.author Gazel, Esteban
dc.contributor.author Schwarzenbach, Esther M.
dc.contributor.author Crespo-Medina, Melitza
dc.contributor.author Schrenk, Matthew O.
dc.contributor.author Boll, Jan
dc.contributor.author Gill, Ben C.
dc.date.accessioned 2016-10-31T17:12:34Z
dc.date.available 2016-10-31T17:12:34Z
dc.date.issued 2014
dc.identifier.citation S!anchez-Murillo, R., E. Gazel, E. Schwarzenbach, M. Crespo-Medina, M. O. Schrenk, J. Boll, and B. C. Gill (2014), Geochemical evidence for active tropical serpentinization in the Santa Elena Ophiolite, Costa Rica: An analog of a humid early Earth?, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 15, doi:10.1002/ 2013GC005213. es_CR
dc.identifier.uri _URL_
dc.identifier.uri _URL_
dc.description.abstract Serpentinization is a planetary process that has important consequences on geochemical cycles, supporting microbial activity through the formation of H2 and CH4 and having the potential to sequester atmospheric CO2. We present geochemical evidence of active serpentinization in the Santa Elena Ophiolite, Costa Rica which is sustained by peridotites with a degree of serpentinization less than 50% with no evidence of an internal heat source. Average spring water temperatures are 29.1!C. Two hyperalkaline spring systems were discovered, with a spring fluid pH up to 11.18. The fluids are characterized by low Mg (1.0–5.9 mg/L) and K (1.0–5.5 mg/L) and relative high Ca (29–167 mg/L), Na (16–27 mg/L), Cl (26–29 mg/L), hydroxide (41–63 mg/L), and carbonate (31–49 mg/L). Active CH4 (24.3% v/v) vents coupled with carbonate deposits (d13CCO2 5227 to 214&; d18OCO2 5217 to 2 6&) also provide evidence for active serpentinization and carbonation. Isotope ratios of the alkaline fluids (d18O 5 27.9&, d2 H 5 251.4&) and groundwater (d18O 5 27.6&; d2 H 5 248.0&) suggests that, during base flow recession, springs are fed by groundwater circulation. Methanogenic Archaea, which comprises a relatively high percentage of the 16S rRNA gene tag sequences, suggests that biological methanogenesis may play a significant role in the system. Santa Elena's extreme varying weather results in a scenario that could be of significant importance for (a) improving the knowledge of conditions on a humid early Earth or Mars that had periodic changes in water supply, (b) revealing new insights on serpentinizing solute transport, and (c) modeling hydrogeochemical responses as a function of recharge. es_CR
dc.language.iso en_US es_CR
dc.publisher Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems es_CR
dc.subject serpentinization es_CR
dc.subject serpentinización es_CR
dc.subject methanogenesis es_CR
dc.subject tropical environment es_CR
dc.subject metanogénesis es_CR
dc.subject ambiente tropical es_CR
dc.title Geochemical evidence for active tropical serpentinization in the Santa Elena Ophiolite, Costa Rica: An analog of a humid early Earth? es_CR
dc.type Article es_CR
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The concept of current working directory (CWD) becomes important here. Consider CWD as a folder inside which Python runs. Whenever files are called by their name alone, Python assumes that it runs in the CWD, which means that the name-only reference will only succeed if the file is in the Python CWD.
Note. The folder where the Python script is executed is called Current Directory. This is not the path where the Python script is located.
Getting the current working directory
Python provides OS module for interacting with the operating system. This module is included in the standard Python utility. All functions in the os module call OSError for invalid or unavailable file names and paths or other arguments that are of the correct type but are not accepted by the operating system.
# Python program to explain the os.getcwd () method
# import of the os module
import os
# Get current work
# directory (CWD)
cwd = os.getcwd ()
# Print current job
# directory (CWD)
print ( "Current working directory:" )
print (cwd)
Note. To learn more about os.getcwd () click here
Get script path
os.path.realpath () can be used to get the path to the current Pyhton script. Actually
# Python program to get
# script path
import os
# Get current job # catalog (CWD)
cwd = os.getcwd ()
print ( "Current Directory:", cwd)
# Get directory
# script
script = os.path.realpath (__ file__)
print ( "SCript path:", script)
Note. To learn more about os.path.realpath () click here.
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