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The Interstellar Launch Code is a system of coding that identifies any and all spacecraft. The ILCs are a set of three letters, and are given to companies which then assign numbers to each spacecraft. Each combination of letters and numbers is unique to the spacecraft. The ILCs are given out by the Interstellar Spaceflight Administration (ISA). Each craft must have this code visible on some part of the craft.
The ILC coding was first designed by the Danouarri Orbital Shipyards, as their products became more used. In 1528 AKR the company standardized the use of numbers for spacecraft in their subsidiary Danouarri Orbital. The Empire of Worlds, the Federated Systems, and the Independent Coalition of Systems quickly took notice and formed the ISA. In 1593 the first launch codes were assigned.
The system is used to keep track of all commercial and freight launches in the galaxy. The system is also used to communicate between the flight and grounds crews. This also allowed for passengers to quickly locate their launch in the sea of thousands of launches at any given spaceport.
|Core Worlds - Mid-Rim - Outer-Rim|
|Diraunt - Iatassa - Rotis - Sparymna - Trauq - Uith - Xid - Xis - Zneo - Zondes|
|Empire of Worlds - Freedom Commonwealth Alliance - Galactic Republic - Independent Coalition of Systems - Republic Against Tyranny - Xalicean Empire - Yanhacne Empire - Yuciian Republic|
|Galactic Compact - Galactic Coordinates - Interstellar Spaceport Code - Interstellar Launch Code - InterGalactic Spaceflight Administration|
|Avopei-Larru Galactics - Republic Chips|
|Banking Sodality - Corporate Affinity - InterGalactic Trade Alignment|
|Danouarri Orbital Shipyards - Jeji Spacelines - PlasmaTECH - Silei Spacevoyages - Yuci Galactic|
|Adrianna Owen - Brayden Hayes - Jayden Parker - Krisin Ach|
|Ioroball - GraviTrax|


Looking Back at P3P: Lessons for the Future
November 11, 2009
Supporting Documents
A number of people who work on data protection have begun examining the idea of machine-readable statements that can express the privacy practices of a Web site or a third-party intermediary, such as a network advertiser or an analytics company. The theory is that such statements would provide a clear, standardized means of rendering potentially complex privacy policies into a format that could be automatically parsed and instantly acted upon.
The idea is a good one. It harnesses the power of information technology to create a means for transparency and user choice. However, it is hard to overlook the fact that there is already a Web standard to do precisely the same thing, and it hasn't been very successful.
The Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P) is a standard of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), the main standard setting body for the Web. P3P has never been fully implemented as its creators had hoped. While it is in use today and functions in some ways as we thought it might, P3P is unlikely to be broadly adopted or to accomplish all that those pushing for machine-readable policies would like.


Microsoft KB Archive/101594
From BetaArchive Wiki
PRB: Ampersand Displays as Underscore in Popup
ID: Q101594
The information in this article applies to:
 - Microsoft FoxPro for Windows, versions 2.6 and 2.6a
After you create a popup from an array that has strings as elements, if a element has an ampersand (&) in the string's text, the ampersand displays as "_" (an underscore) instead of "&" in the selected item box of the popup. For example, if the array element was "TEST1 & TEST2", it would display in the selected item box as "TEST1 _TEST2" when selected.
This behavior is caused by a feature of Windows. In Windows, an ampersand indicates that the next character should be underlined; therefore, this behavior also occurs in FoxPro for Windows.
To display an ampersand in Windows, you have to use two ampersands (for example, && Text). However, this workaround cannot be used in FoxPro because a double ampersand indicates that the following text is a comment and FoxPro should ignore the rest of the line, which usually generates a syntax error.
The best resolution for this is not to use ampersands in popups, whether from arrays or lists. The reason for this is that the behavior of some of the workarounds is unreliable and unpredictable.
One workaround that could be acceptable for short popups is to create the popup from a list.
To do this, initialize a variable in the Setup code for each item that needs to contain an ampersand, and then put the variable in the prompt for the popup using macro substitution. For example, in the Setup code, place this line of code:
 myvar="TEST1 &"+"& TEST2"
And in the popup prompt's list, enter the variable preceeded by an ampersand(for macro substitution)
Items in the list that do not contain ampersands do not need to be placed in variables. The problem with this resolution is that the items on the list show two ampersands, not just one. But the display value just shows one. Both ampersands get stored to the popup's variable. There is not a good solution for this issue if the popup is from an array and some of the array elements contain text with ampersands. Changing these elements as above can be tried.
Steps to Reproduce Problem
1. From the File menu, choose New, select Screen, and then choose
2. After the Screen Builder is displayed, choose Layout from the
 Screen menu.
3. In the Screen Layout dialog box, select Code under Options, and
 then choose Screen Setup Code.
4. Enter the following screen Setup code:
 DIMENSION test(2)
 test(1)="TEST1 & TEST2"
 test(2)="TEST3 & TEST4"
5. Select the Popup tool from the toolbox and place a popup on the
6. In the Popup dialog box, select Array Popup and type "test"
 (without the quotation marks).
7. In the Variable box, type "x" (without the quotation marks), and
 then choose OK.
8. From the Program menu, choose Generate. 9. Save the changes as ZTEST.SCX.
10. After ZTEST.SPR has been generated, type the following command in
 the Command window:
 DO ztest.spr
11. Select TEST3 & TEST4 from the popup. Note that it displays as
 TEST3 _TEST4.
Additional reference words: FoxWin 2.60 2.0a KBCategory: kbprg kbprb KBSubcategory: FxprgMacrosub
Last Reviewed: November 17, 1997


Facebook Scammers What You Click 'Like' & 'Share"
 It is called "Facebook Farming", when page creators pile up hundreds of thousands of likes and shares, with the sole purpose to make money.
 How do they do it? Let's say a page gets tons of shares, the crook could then strip the page and promote something else, like products that they get a commission for selling. On the other hand, they may turn around and sell the page through black-market websites to someone who does the same.
 It is a way to trick Facebooks' algorithm, which is designed to give more value to popular pages than the ones, like scams.
 While it may seem harmless, experts say scammers are breaking the site's rules to make easy cash.
 Fresno State Computer Science Professor Ming Li says, "Many times when you click 'like', or 'dislike', or'share', the information will be connection by those pages and have the potential to be sold."
 Li says the new page may used to spread malware - software that attacks your computer - and attempts to gather you credit card numbers, passwords, or other personal information.
 Li says, "Think before you click, because your action will have some consequence on yourself, or other people. Internet security has no ultimate solution, because technology is always evolving."
 Facebook is always making improvements to try and detect and block these pages, but you need to take extra steps as well.
 Websites like,, show you how to improve the security of your facebook account.


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SMOKING CIGARETTES: HEALTH LESSON
Warn your students of the health dangers of smoking cigarettes with this ready-to-use presentation and student assignment.
INCLUDED IN YOUR PURCHASE
- A 23 slide Powerpoint presentation that teaches students about the dangers of smoking and nicotine use. The lesson includes discussion questions and activities to show students how many people die from smoking, the financial cost, as well as lots of other detailed information.
- A printable assignment for students to complete. They must find an old smoking advertisement and analyze it based on the two pages of questions provided.
This is great for a health or science class and the students are always incredibly engaged! Hopefully it will encourage students to quit smoking, or better yet - never start!
***PLEASE NOTE: The presentation used in this resource is the same presentation included in the following resource: SMOKING PRESENTATION SMOKING PRESENTATION***
WHAT TEACHERS ARE SAYING ABOUT THIS RESOURCE
♥ Thank you for the resource. My students had many questions and they enjoyed how well thought out this resource was. Thank you!
♥ This was exactly what I needed to give my students facts about tobacco use!
♥ Great way to meet my Safe School/Drug Free documentation needs.
© Presto Plans

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
OMAHA, Neb. - The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District (Corps) will hold a public meeting on Wednesday January 16, 2019 to provide information on the Dam Safety Modification Study (DSMS) for Pipestem Dam in Stutsman County, North Dakota, which is located about four miles northwest of Jamestown, North Dakota. The DSMS is being performed to address dam safety risk related to the potential for erosion of the emergency spillway during spillway flow. The public meeting will be held at the Jamestown Area Chamber of Commerce, 120 2nd Street SE in Jamestown. The meeting will run from 6-8 p.m. with a brief presentation at 6:30 p.m. followed by an open house. During the open house, the public will have an opportunity to talk with Corps team members about the dam safety study.
The Corps will be preparing an Environmental Assessment (EA) to analyze modification of the emergency spillway. The intent of the project is to reduce the risk of spillway erosion without modifying the operation of the dam for water control or flood risk management. Potential spillway modifications include hardening the upstream end of the spillway to prevent erosion and modifying the downstream end of the spillway to prevent erosion and dissipate the energy of water exiting the spillway before it enters Pipestem Creek.
In accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act, we will be looking for comments in order to obtain your view regarding the proposed project, as well as your input on potential alternatives to address the risk of spillway erosion.
Release no. 19-004

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Neurons growing in a cell culture
These time lapse animations use phase contrast microscopy to show neural stem cells in a nutrient medium for 4 hours. They reveal the dynamic growth and recycling of dendrites and synapses as neurons establish relationships with each other. The social behavior of these cells creates the incredible properties of the mind and brain.
Credit: University of Victoria Medical Sciences

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Dissipative Phases of Cavity-Mediated Photon Interactions
The DWC is hosting a series of seminars and public lectures open for everyone to attend, details can be found below.
what's on this week:
The Dodd-Walls centre is proud to present a series of seminars hosted by our themes on different topics and everyone is welcome to attend. Friday's seminar is presented by Ricardo Gutierrez Jauregui from University of Auckland. Ricardo will present the seminar in room 303.610 at the University of Auckland and this will also be available via Zoom.
Title: Dissipative Phases of Cavity-Mediated Photon Interactions
When: Date: Friday 24 February, 12 noon (sharp) to 1.00pm
Room: 303.610, University of Auckland + remote locations via Zoom
University of Otago – Room 320e, Dodd-Walls Centre, Science III
Anyone can join from anywhere with the use of a laptop or computer via Zoom.
Zoom Meeting ID: 478-489-695 (further details below)
The exquisite control acquired over quantum systems in recent years has provided a playground
for studies of transitions between different phases of light and matter[1;2]. The realization of the
Bose-Einstein condensate opened the door for quantum optics experiments using matter waves, while the advent of circuit quantum electrodynamics has allowed for strongly interacting systems to be
simulated by light fields. However, due to dissipation, the duality between light and matter systems
is not complete. Dissipation affects both the evolution and the physical properties of a quantum
system in a fundamental way.
In this seminar we address the question of how phase transitions in equilibrium relate to their driven dissipative analogues. This is done by contrasting the phases acquired by a quasi-conservative system, interacting BEC in an optical trap, with a driven-dissipative system, two driven cavities presenting a Kerr nonlinearity. We present the phases the system can acquire in both scenarios. First, for the single cavity limit where tunnelling is suppressed, then for the full Hamiltonian where competition of J and g leads to different phases of the system. The effect of quantum fluctuations on the phases of the system is highlighted.
 M. Greiner, O. Mandel, T. Esslinger, T. W. Hansch, I. Bloch, Nature 415, 39 (2002).
 A. D. Greentree, C. Tahan, J. H. Cole, and L. C. L. Hollenberg, Nature Physics 2, 856 (2006).
 G. Kirchmair, B. Vlastakis, Z. Leghtas, S. E. Nigg, H. Paik, E. Ginossar, M. Mirrahimi, Lu. Frunzio, S. M. Girvin
& R. J. Schoelkopf, Nature 495, 205209 (2013).


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BlueFolder has built-in support for tracking equipment owned by your customers. You can customize the fields that are part of equipment records.
Customizable Built-In Fields
The following fields can be customized:
- Equipment Type - A list field that is used to categorize equipment by type.
- External Id - A text field that can be used to assign an Id that references external data.
You can add unlimited custom fields to equipment records.
Custom Field Data Types
- Text - a general purpose data field that accepts any type of data (letters, numbers, special characters, etc).
- List - a value-list field that allows you to specify a list of values from which users must pick.
- Data - a date field that generates a date picker control for users to pick from.
- Number - a data field that only accepts valid numeric values.
- Yes/No - a data field that generates a checkbox control on the screen. Used for true/false values.


Given the strategic importance of achieving global integration and worldwide learning for most multinational enterprises (MNEs), this article focuses on "shared vision" as a critical mechanism for realizing both goals. Specifically, this paper investigates the impact of three types of control mechanisms—formal (headquarters imposed rules and decisions), personal (the presence of expatriates), and social (social interaction among subunits) control—on building shared vision in subsidiaries and examines the subsequent impact of having shared vision on subsidiary learning. Overall, data from 99 subsidiaries located in the United States and headquartered either in Europe or Japan show that personal and social mechanisms of control are effective in building shared vision whereas formal control mechanisms have no impact. Results also support a significant relationship between shared vision and subsidiary learning. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Demand that Wisconsin Protect Public Health and the Right to Vote
To ensure that an election like this never happens again, reforms must be enacted to guarantee that future elections are free, fair and safe for all.
Wisconsin legislators must enact the following changes:
Mail a ballot to all registered voters; automatically before each election. Ideally 30 days before the election date. Voters should not be required to have a witness or provide proof of an ID to request or return their ballot.
Allow voters to return ballots multiple ways: through the mail, the use of secure drop boxes, and by dropping it off at polling locations on the day of the election.
Every municipality should have a minimum number of polling locations within their community based on the size of the population, located in areas that can serve all populations in the municipality and allow voters to register and vote quickly and efficiently if they choose to vote in person on election day.
Every municipality should offer in-person access to early voting and voter registration in a way that proves to be safe and secure, as well as ballot drop boxes for several weeks before Election Day.
Voter registration should be as easy as possible through automatic voter registration in schools or at the DMV. Voters should also be able to register in person on Election Day and during early voting periods.
The Wisconsin Election Commission should fund public education efforts to ensure that all citizens are aware of how our voting process works and how they can participate.


text: In this paper, a hybrid system consisting of analog and digital beamformers is proposed to reduce the hardware complexity of full digital beamforming. In analog beamforming part, specially chosen two-bit radio frequency (RF) phase shifters are used. Two-bit structure enables the conversion of the discrete optimization problem to a continuous programming form which gives faster and more efficient solution. The optimization problem is formulated as a quadratic-cost problem and is solved iteratively by exact penalty and semidefinite programming. Simulation results show that the proposed method performs with considerable efficiency and effectiveness.


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In 2021, GlobalSkin proudly launched the Continuous Learning Series by partnering with the European Patients' Academy on Therapeutic Innovation (EUPATI) offering GlobalSkin Members an exciting opportunity to take part in the Open Classroom Training.
This Training expands patient leaders' knowledge and understanding of medicines research development, clinical trials development, and more, all with patient engagement top of mind! This training enhances your role as a patient advocate, give you expertise in critical areas, and can be tailored to fit your personal learning goals.
There are several ways GloablSkin Members can participate from taking part in one or two courses, all the way to becoming a EUPATI Fellow. The versatility and options are based on Members' needs, capacity, and importantly their time. Read on to learn the WHO, WHAT, WHY, and HOW of this inaugural Learning Series.
WHO IS EUPATI?
Starting as a multi-stakeholder public-private partnership in 2012, EUPATI recently established itself as an independent non-profit Foundation in the Netherlands.
"It is a successful programme that provides education and training to increase the capacity and capability of patients and patient representatives to understand and meaningfully contribute to medicines research and development (R&D), and to improve the availability of medical information for patients and other stakeholders." - EUPATI


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Many communities on Prince of Wales Island are electrically intertied and are supplied power primarily from the Black Bear Lake hydro project (BBL).1 However, over the last 10 years system load growth fully utilized the capacity and energy available from BBL. Supplemental diesel-powered generation was required to meet this increased demand. To minimize dependency on high-cost diesel-generated energy, Alaska Power & Telephone Company began investigating renewable resource energy sources on the island. Research led to the selection of South Fork enhanced by its close proximity to existing roads and power and communication lines servicing BBL, as the most feasible project.
With grant/loan assistance from the Denali Commission and the Alaska Energy Authority, construction of this 2 MW run-of-the-river hydroelectric project began in the spring of 2004 and came on line December 2005. AP&T was the general contractor of the project, securing necessary permits, providing engineering design, and constructing the project with their own work force and seasonal labor.
The South Fork hydroelectric facility has already accumulated over 1,000 hours of operation, supplementing the BBL facility. The power plant controls were incorporated into the BBL SCADA system, enabling plant operators to remotely monitor and control the new facility. While South Fork has limited storage capacity, it will significantly reduce the energy requirement from BBL, enabling BBL to maintain water in storage for low rainfall periods. This will significantly reduce the area's dependence on diesel-generated energy.
South Fork Impoundment.


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Thermo Scientific™ O'RangeRuler 20 bp DNA Ladder, ready-to-use
Perform precise sizing of PCR products and other double-stranded DNA fragments in agarose or non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels with this DNA step ladder of 20 bp increments.
Brand: Thermo Scientific™ SM1323
Code : 88
Additional Details : Weight : 1.51950kg
O'RangeRuler 20 bp DNA Ladder 20-300 bp is designed for precise sizing of PCR products and other double-stranded DNA fragments in agarose or non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels. It is a step ladder with 20 bp differences between the DNA fragments. It consists of purified and ligated blunt-ended basic unit repeats of 20 bp. Not recommended for DNA quantification.
O'RangeRuler 20 bp DNA Ladder is supplied with 6X Orange DNA Loading Dye for sample DNA. Orange G dye can be used to monitor DNA migration in agarose or polyacrylamide gels and migrates at 50 bp in a 1% agarose gel. It is the preferable dye when visualization of small DNA fragments is important.
- Step ladder with 20 bp increments
- Sharp bands, easy-to-remember fragment sizes
- Evenly spaced reference bands (given in red)
- Ready-to-use -premixed with 6X Orange Loading Dye for direct loading and room temperature storage
- Supplied with loading dye for sample DNA


text:
Before raw data is purged, the data is summarized or "rolled-up" at predefined intervals. Roll-up data is the term given to the data that has been summarized. Before any raw data is purged, the minimum, maximum, and average values are calculated. These values can be preserved in several ways.
Hourly data is data that is summarized or rolled-up every hour. The raw data for each hour is processed to create a summary record for that hour. For example, if raw data is logged every five minutes, a total of twelve raw records are available in one hour. When data is rolled-up after one hour, the twelve raw records are processed to find the minimum, maximum, and average values during that hour. One summary record is generated for the twelve raw records. The hourly data is first computed on the agent machine. The data is then brought over to the server machine, where the data is added to the database.
The daily, weekly, and monthly values are calculated in a similar manner. The maximum, minimum, and average values are also calculated for each period.
Hourly data is kept for 7 days.
Daily data is kept for 5 weeks.
Weekly data is kept for 12 months.
Monthly data is kept for 24 months.


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As a major mode choice of commuters, public transit plays an important role in relieving congestion on urban transportation networks. A model is developed for cost-efficient operation that optimizes all-stop, short-turn, and express transit services and the associated frequencies by considering heterogeneous demand. For a transit line with given stations and origin-destination demand, the objective total cost function is optimized by considering a set of constraints that ensure frequency conservation and sufficient capacity subject to operable fleet size. A numerical example is designed that is based on a real-world rail transit line to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the developed model. Results show that optimized integrated service patterns and associated service frequencies significantly reduce total cost.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Civil and Structural Engineering
- Mechanical Engineering


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Last September, we announced the Nirror session recording repurchase and integrated it with our platform. If it were placed in our navigation session capture technology, these small functions – that allows exploitation of the collected videos – would be missing. Yet, session recording is a tool that aids in the decision making process and is able to identify the stocking points of your site, the corrections to implement quickly or the aspects to test in the data-driven approach.
Thus, the rich functionality and the facilitation of use has been our priority. We have listened to the response of our first users and have made a lot of important improvements. In addition to the redesign of the interface, you will certainly be impressed by the number and quality of the modifications brought about, which make the feedback video more comprehensible and usable.
Overview of new features
- Automatic ranking of videos by level of activity. This indicator assembles the user interactions (clicks, scrolling, movement of the mouse, keystrokes) whilst considering their frequency. Filter the recordings using this criterion.
- Manual creation of tags. If you have not recorded automatic events, you can create it in the interface retrospectively and assign them to videos. Throughout our analysis, you can easily find these recordings by tag.
- Filter by pages visited. Only limit your analysis for navigation sessions that include a specific page. For example, identify the pages with a high bounce/exit rate, with the help of your web analytics solution, and then analyze the user navigation behavior on the pages to understand the sticking points.
- Filter by test and variation. Filter the videos in which the user was subject to a test and a given variation, directly. By analyzing the difference in navigation/ behavior you will gain a better understanding of the "why" of certain figures.
- Multiples filter options. Following your responses, we have added a number of filters: per navigation, per operating system, per device, per country, per recording date, and per recording period. If you, for example, experienced a technical problem during a specific period and for a given configuration, you can easily find the videos to the corresponding session.
- Saving and deleting videos. You can bookmark a video you find interesting. It will not be deleted for up to 30 days, as in the case of all videos. On the contrary, you can delete useless videos to avoid cluttering your account.


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AGE were commissioned to assess the potential to develop groundwater supply for the irrigation of sugar cane as part of a proposed major biofuel project located south-east of Pentland in central Queensland.
To date the work has involved field activities to assess the nature and distribution of permeable alluvial sediments, measure groundwater levels and consider groundwater quality in the context of irrigated agriculture. The collection of this data has enabled an assessment of the total and available groundwater in storage. A groundwater model was developed to further prove up the concept and feasibility of extracting groundwater supplies for irrigation demand from the groundwater resources in the region. The concept of Managed Aquifer Recharge to supplement the irrigation demand was also undertaken using the numerical model which was simulated using MODFLOW-USG. The work was undertaken for Renewable Developments Australia.


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Host Bob St.Pierre is joined by Dr. Scott Taylor, a biologist and the National Wild Pheasant Conservation Plan Coordinator. The conversation includes how the National Wild Pheasant Conservation Plan was created to provide a blueprint for restoring and maintaining pheasant populations across the country. Written by biologists from 24 state wildlife agencies, the plan details the habitat needed to support a national pheasant harvest goal of at least 5.9 million roosters based on a multi-state habitat model. PLUS, Dr. Taylor gives his take on what this year's drought might mean for pheasant reproduction.
- Dr. Taylor explains the National Pheasant Plan's origin story and how bobwhite quail factored into the development of a landscape-level approach to pheasants.
- The guys also discuss how the recent decline in hunter numbers has become an unforeseen variable in determining the best number of habitat acres and targeted pheasant harvest within the national plan.
- A biologist by training, Dr. Taylor compares the biological approach to reproduction between quail and pheasants, then explains why bobwhites have an advantage.
- And the guys close out this episode with a conversation on every bird hunter's mind right now: "How is a drought going to influence pheasant numbers this season?"
Check out Dr. Taylor's Pheasants Forever blog series at "National Wild Pheasant Conservation Plan Being Revised for the Times."
SUBSCRIBE: APPLE PODCASTS / SOUNDCLOUD / STITCHER


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Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is shelf life of frozen chapati/parathe?
A: Frozen chapati/parathe stay fresh for up to 4 months from date of manufacturing, when stored in deep freezer or below 0 degree Celsius.
2. Can we take frozen chapati/parathe in travelling without cold storage?
A: Yes, our frozen chapati/parathe can be transferred in ambient temp (do not transfer in hot atmosphere) for about 30 hrs. after 30 hrs they must be stored in deep freezer or below 0 degree Celsius.
3. Are frozen chapati/parathe preservative free?
A: Yes, we do not use any kind of preservatives or adulteration.
4. Which type of flours you use?
A: We use premium quality freshly grind Lokwan wheat flour. which we grind at our two grinding facilities in Pune.
5. what is the size & weight of frozen chapati?
A: Size of frozen chapati is 7.5inch and weight is 40gm at the time of packaging.
6. One pack of frozen chapati contains how many chapatis?
A: One pack contains 10 chapatis, each separated by butter paper and hygienically packed.


text:
What is a "non-public facing" remote communication product?
A "non-public facing" remote communication product is one that, as a default, allows only the intended parties to participate in the communication.
Non-public facing remote communication products would include, for example, platforms such as Apple FaceTime, Facebook Messenger video chat, Google Hangouts video, Whatsapp video chat, Zoom, or Skype. Such products also would include commonly used texting applications such as Signal, Jabber, Facebook Messenger, Google Hangouts, Whatsapp, or
iMessage. Typically, these platforms employ end-to-end encryption, which allows only an individual and the person with whom the individual is communicating to see what is transmitted. The platforms also support individual user accounts, logins, and passcodes to help limit access and verify participants. In addition, participants are able to assert some degree of control over particular capabilities, such as choosing to record or not record the communication or to mute or turn off the video or audio signal at any point.
In contrast, public-facing products such as TikTok, Facebook Live, Twitch, or a public chat room are not acceptable forms of remote communication for telehealth because they are designed to be open to the public or allow wide or indiscriminate access to the communication. For example, a provider that uses Facebook Live to stream a presentation made available to all its patients about the risks of COVID-19 would not be considered reasonably private provision of telehealth services. A provider that chooses to host such a public-facing presentation would not be covered by the Notification and should not identify patients or offer individualized patient advice in such a livestream.


, or None if it wasn't found
Given a string name, look for a C/C++ variable in global scope with that name, returning it as a gcc.VarDecl, or None if it wasn't found
gccutils.get_field_by_name(decl, name)
Given one of a gcc.RecordType, gcc.UnionType, or gcc.QualUnionType, along with a string name, look for a field with that name within the given struct or union, returning it as a gcc.FieldDecl, or None if it wasn't found


text:
Fri, Aug 10, 2012 (HealthDay News) — Happiness in adulthood may be determined by the quality of relationships in your youth, not brain power or academic prowess, new Australian research suggests.
"This shows that there is an enduring, significant relationship between being well-adjusted as a child and being well-adjusted as an adult," said Dr. Victor Fornari, director of child/adolescent psychiatry at North Shore-LIJ Health System in New Hyde Park, N.Y. "[And] academic adjustment per se is not sufficient to lead to well-being."
Learning the secrets of "the good life" has guided human endeavors for millennia. But according to study author Craig Olsson, an associate professor in developmental psychology at Deakin University and the Murdoch Children's Research Institute in Melbourne, neither material wealth nor academic achievement has been strongly linked to happiness.
Instead of focusing on either of these factors, Olsson and his colleagues decided to look at "sense of coherence, connection, positive coping and prosocial values."
"Coherence" included whether the child felt his or her life was meaningful and manageable; social involvement looked at participation in organized activities such as sports groups; coping strategies included using emotional support; and prosocial behavior included whether the person felt he or she was trustworthy, kind and reliable.
A person scoring high in all these areas would be "someone less obsessed by how they feel and what they can obtain, and more interested in how they live and the values they use to guide their interactions with themselves, others and the world," Olsson explained.
Those traits were associated with greater happiness in adulthood, according to the study, which followed more than 800 New Zealanders for 32 years, starting at 3 years of age. The results were published online July 25 in the Journal of Happiness Studies.
Early language development and adolescent academic achievement only had a weak association with well-being, the researchers found.
Using parent and teacher ratings, the researchers defined social connectedness in childhood as being liked, not isolated and confident.
For teenagers, social connectedness was measured by attachments to parents, peers, school and a close friend, in addition to participation in youth groups and recreational clubs.
To boost social connectedness, the authors envision developing "a broad-based social curriculum that could parallel the academic curriculum and nurture the development of positive values systems across the early developmental years," said Olsson, who has been involved with the study since 2008.
"The social environment provides critical learning opportunities for children and young people to explore, test and consolidate values such as kindness, trust, loyalty, care, etcetera, which are the 'glue' of enduring positive relationships across the life course," he added.
The findings aren't a surprise, some experts say.
"It is one of the basic precepts of our understanding of one's psychological makeup: That what we do as adults and how we approach life has been established in our childhood. If we had a healthy happy childhood, we are more likely to recreate those patterns as adults," said Alan Hilfer, director of psychology at Maimonides Medical Center in New York City.
"However, a happy childhood does not guarantee success if success is defined as career achievement," Hilfer said. "For that, a person must have the appropriate skills set or talent to succeed in their chosen profession. A person can be successful and not be happy, and a person can be happy and not considered a financial or career success story."


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Solids Handling - Solids Processing
Our service …
Solids processing as it pertains to solids handling includes conveying (mechanical, pneumatic, and hydraulic conveying), charging, dosing, and storing, as well as mixing and homogenizing. Very diverse methods are used to determine conveying, storage, and dosing behavior so that this information can then be used for unit design.
Wet, solvent-based, abrasive, aggressive and toxic bulk materials can be studied.
We collect the data required for sizing, designing, and scale-up of solids handling units by studying existing units on the laboratory or pilot plant scale. The results are used to calculate unit size, critical dimensions, diameters, pressure losses, mass throughputs, gas flow velocities, etc. Silos and hoppers are designed on the basis of shear and wall friction tests.
The data relevant to individual products are determined in this manner and flow directly into the unit engineering or optimization process. This may concern a unit section (screw conveyor, vibrating conveyor, silo, packaging unit, product feed system, etc.) or an entire unit.
Aside from determining operating and design data, we are ready to assist with commissioning or with the modification of existing units to optimize operational safety, throughputs, and loads.
We can also produce sample quantities (from kilograms to tons) in both batchwise and continuous operation using our mixing and homogenizing equipment of various intensities (tumbling mixer, conical screw mixer, ribbon mixer, plough share mixer, high shear mixer, intensive mixer).


text:
Plant and Animal Health
You'll grow your knowledge of the biology and control of important insects, plant diseases, weeds of horticultural and agricultural crops, and how to tackle that safely, responsibly and efficiently with agrichemicals. Plus, you'll cover disease prevention and control in farmed livestock.
|Prerequisites and Restrictions|| You must satisfy the following requirement(s):
|Available semesters||Semester 2 2024|
Please note: This course can't be fully completed online as you will need to be on campus to complete some activities.
What you will learn
After successfully completing this course, you'll be able to:
- Recognise the signs and symptoms of some important insect pests, plant diseases and weeds of selected crops or pasture.
- Describe the life cycles of common insect pests, plant diseases and weed species, including their survival, reproduction and spread.
- Choose the control options for these important insect pests, plant diseases and weeds.
- Offer a description of the safe, responsible and efficient use of agrichemicals according to NZS8409:1999 Code of Practice for the Management of Agrichemicals.
- Understand the welfare considerations expected when farming livestock in Aotearoa-New Zealand.
- Recognise and describe common diseases affecting Aotearoa-New Zealand livestock.
- Understand the economic and welfare impact of animal diseases and associated control
- Devise simple, planned animal health programmes.
Dr Natalia Cripps-Guazzone
Faculty of Agriculture and Life _EMAIL_


text:
These are non-standard decontamination cabins designed specifically for threat determination and decontamination to be used by VIP and protocol members who are the direct target of any type of terrorist acts that could be conducted by using KBRN agents. There are changing, threat determination and diagnosis, decontamination and dressing cells within the cabins.
All clothing of the persons are removed and placed on the collection unit and the diagnosis-determination process is initiated by a single button.
Threat Determination and Diagnosis
It determines whether there are radioactive or chemical agents within the collected particles by its chemical substance detectors. The produced sample sample is determined in a computer environment.
It decontaminates from all toxic chemical warfare agents and toxic industrial chemicals by its decontamination system.
Bodily surfaces are decontaminated from all KBRN agents and persons are taken inside the hospital.


Can You Really Save Money By Building A Green PC?
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Despite misconceptions about green computing, a do-it-yourself solution can offer both cheaper build and power costs than conventional alternatives. Some erroneously claim that the power saved won't amount to the cost of the build, but the math shows rather large savings over the lifespan of a computer, especially for Europeans. In my experiment, I built a 15-watt desktop computer, which provides decent performance as a media center, web browser and light gaming machine.
Assuming the computer operates for eight hours a day with electricity costing $0.15 per kilowatt/hour (kWh), the cost of powering it comes out to $6.57 a year. My green machine cost only $250 to build. A beefier machine, such as a $500 Gateway DX4870-UR3D desktop, for example, consumes around 70 watts, costing $30.66 per year. Over a four-year upgrade cycle, you would save $96.36 in power costs by using a greener machine, in addition to $250 in components. For many European and Asian countries, this number increases dramatically.
On the downside, less watts means less raw processing power – but if you don't require a heavy duty computer, and tablets don't do it for you, a greener PC build might be exactly what you need.
This article covers some of the build decisions that I made. I also cover the power costs of an eco-friendly computer, compared to a standard 70-watt desktop.
Building an Eco-Friendly PC
Throwing together an efficient, eco-friendly PC requires both software and hardware optimizations. I elected to go entirely fanless, which saves a substantial amount of power during periods of operation. Fans typically require around 3-5 watts each. The ATX (desktop) specification calls for 3 fans, meaning a drain of 9-15 watts. I also elected to use a highly efficient power supply, which converts from wall current at over 96% efficiency, 70% being standard. Building a highly efficient computer isn't very difficult, either.
I selected AMD's Accelerated Processing Unit (APU) technology, which functions best with relatively large amounts of high-speed RAM (1866 MHz preferred, for cost reasons), offering efficient, although meek, graphics in price-performance ratios.
Ads by Google
The two best mini-ITX motherboards are Intel's Bay Trail or AMD's Kabini lines. To my knowledge, as of 2013, only ECS manufactures motherboards for either technology.
motherboard exposed
Costs
I use power prices throughout North America, Asia and Europe as a means of demonstrating how much money can be saved using power-sipping, eco-friendly builds. I also explain how little money it takes to build lighter desktop computer.
Build Costs
After some deliberation, I elected to orient the new build toward power efficiency and low-cost. Because I had already purchased a mini-ITX case, following a bungled experiment at building a powerful and efficient desktop, I already owned a case and power supply. My new build would aim toward functioning as a media center and light gaming rig, instead of a coding-rig.
Using a variety of money-saving methods involving IFTTT and Yahoo Pipes, I managed to complete construction for under $250. Without using any special means, you can build the same system for around $350.
Parts
 - Power supply + case: The best combination package is the Realan E3-Ki from EcoSmartPC. It includes a high efficiency power supply and a slick, high-quality case for about $85, although it is currently sold out. The Realan case combines a picoPSU with a mini-ITX case, which you can find in a combo deal on eBay.
 - RAM: You won't require much RAM to run an eco-friendly PC. About 4-8 gigabytes is more than enough.
 - Motherboard + CPU: I used an ECS KBN-I/2100 ($41 after rebate), but Intel's Bay Trail based motherboards provide similar power savings, with a slightly different feature suite. The AMD APU-based builds (what is an APU?) provide superior media and gaming functionality, whereas the "Atom" Intel based motherboards possess greater general functionality. The advantage of the KBN-I/2100 is that it includes Linux support out-the-door. I've also found that APUs offer great performance per dollar.
 - SSD: You will definitely want to use an SSD for both its small size and lower wattage requirements. Just make sure you properly install and configure your SSD. Some software tools can help you with the SSD configuration and optimization process.
 - Total: Less than $250 (my costs) or around $350 if you pay full retail.
fanless motherboard
Power Costs
Using Kill-a-Watt (and the power consumption measurement method outlined by Matt), the standard power consumption of my computer cost 15 watts. I'm assuming my power costs are around $0.15 per kilowatt/hour, although in some countries/regions, prices can reach astronomical sums, such as Germany ($0.35/kwh) or Denmark ($0.41/kwh).
 - Idle: 13 watts
 - Sleep: 1.9 watts
 - Maximum load: 20.2 watts
 - Prime95 stress test: 18.2 watts
 - Operational power consumption: 15 watts
 - Yearly power cost: $6.57
Overall, my power costs on a custom build, including the 19-inch monitor, came in below the power requirements of even a 35-watt laptop. This may appear counter-intuitive at first, but given that my desktop uses a low power solid state drive and dispenses with cooling fans, the power savings aren't without explanation.
International Power Costs
According to compiled statistics, energy prices in Denmark come in at $0.41 per kWh, making it the most expensive country in the world to use electronics, or anything powered by electricity. Over a four-year upgrade cycle, a 15-watt computer would save $263.36 over a 70-watt computer. Even in countries with the lowest power costs — India and Russia — an individual would save $51.40 over a four-year period.
international power costs
Performance
I tested my new computer out in a variety of ways – as a Litecoin miner, media center, light gaming machine and as a Linux box. In three of these four categories, it does quite well.
Cryptocoin Mining
As a cryptocoin miner, I found that my new system provided a relatively mediocre hashrate per watt – 13 khash/s on the Scrypt hash function (my experiments with alternative cryptocoins). However, its wattage consumption at maximum GPU load was only 20.2 watts. 20.2 watts costs a pittance, compared to what a beefier machine could consume.
Overall, it's not particularly effective as a mining rig.
litecoin
Light Gaming Machine
It also played a number of games without much difficulty, most notably the excellent Wolf Among Us by Telltale Games. It actually plays on the maximum settings in high definition, something of a shock to me, despite the game's relatively anemic requirements.
For running Humble Indie Bundles (check out my list of indie game bundles), weaker computer can offer decent performance. Indie games in general don't require beefier processors or GPUs, so the integrated GPU inside of my motherboard offered good enough performance.
Media Streaming
The green PC could also stream and process high definition video, which is something of a feat on a budget, low-wattage platform.
Linux
The ECS KBN-I/2100 motherboard that I used is supported by Linux, out-the-door.
Conclusion
If tablets aren't your thing, you can build your own eco-friendly system that will save you money. It won't perform computationally demanding activities, but it will provide better than tablet performance for running many mundane tasks, such as web-browsing, light gaming or media streaming.
In countries with high energy costs, it will save you hundreds a year over desktops and provides slightly better power efficiency than many laptops.
Anyone else save money with an eco-friendly computer? Let us know in the comments.
Image Credits: Stack of coins via MorgueFile
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_USER_{Bischoff2003Party, abstract = {This paper provides a theoretical model of party competition in a heterogeneous electorate. The latter consists of numerous groups of dominant-issue-voters who base their voting decision primarily on one issue of the political agenda. Parties follow a lexicographic objective function, aiming to gain power at minimum programmatic concessions. The emerging pattern of movement in policy platforms is fundamentally different to the concept of convergence proposed by the spatial theory of voting. Rather than the centre of the scale of policy preference, its extreme ends, occupied by dominant-issue-voters, attract the policy platforms. The difference in policy platforms is not reduced. The conclusions are found to be compatible with some major empirical findings of the Manifesto Research Group.}, address = {Gie\ss{}en}, author = {Ivo Bischoff}, copyright = {_URL_ keywords = {330; voters; incomplete information; political parties; convergence; \"{O}konomische Theorie der Demokratie; Politische Entscheidung; Politische Partei; Wettbewerb; Median Voter; Theorie}, language = {eng}, number = {68}, publisher = {Univ., Fachbereich Wirtschaftswiss.}, title = {Party competition in a heterogeneous electorate \textendash{} the role of dominant-issue-voters}, type = {Finanzwissenschaftliche Arbeitspapiere}, url = {_URL_ year = {2003} }


text:
Vulnerability assessment and risk mapping are a priority element of the Disaster Management Programme.
Welcome to the Disaster Risk Information e-Library of UN-HABITAT, the one-stop shop to the most comprehensive suite of risk data, information, and knowledge on UN-HABITAT
The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) is the United Nations agency for housing and urban development. It is mandated by the UN General Assembly to promote socially and environmentally sustainable towns and cities with the goal of providing adequate shelter for all. UN-HABITAT is one of the few international institutions that provides an overall perspective on urbanisation processes and the only one with housing and urban development as its principal mandate, including risk reduction and rehabilitation.


text:
|Skip Navigation Links|
|Exit Print View|
|Oracle GlassFish Server Message Queue 4.5 Administration Guide|
Several types of command require passwords. In Table 9-6, the first column lists the commands that require passwords and the second column lists the reason that passwords are needed.
Table 9-6 Commands That Use Passwords
You can specify these passwords in a password file and use the -passfile option to specify the name of the file. This is the format for the -passfile option:imqbrokerd -passfile filePath
Note - In previous versions of Message Queue, you could use the -p, -password, -dbpassword, and -ldappassword options to specify passwords on the command line. As of Message Queue 4.0, these options are deprecated and are no longer supported; you must use a password file instead.
Typing a password interactively, in response to a prompt, is the most secure method of specifying a password (provided that your monitor is not visible to other people). You can also specify a password file on the command line. For non-interactive use of commands, however, you must use a password file.
A password file is unencrypted, so you must set its permissions to protect it from unauthorized access. Set the permissions so that they limit the users who can view the file, but provide read access to the user who starts the broker.
A password file is a simple text file containing a set of properties and values. Each value is a password used by a command. Table 9-7 shows the types of passwords that a password file can contain.
Table 9-7 Passwords in a Password File


sufficient to reach neutralisation. To confirm neutralisation, you can lean backwards, further away from the patient (reflex becomes against) or lean forwards closer to the patient (reflex becomes with). This is because the closer you are, the more minus must be added to correct for the working distance (see 'Correction for working distance', p. 34). Alternatively, to ensure the end point has been reached, add a +0.25 lens, which should give an against reflex. Such reversal of the reflex is important to achieve, since it highlights that the true end point of neutralisation has been established.
Note that the lenses added to approach neutralisation are either spherical or cylindrical. If a sphere is added to neutralise the reflex, it will also alter the subsequent lenses required in the perpendicular axis to obtain neutralisation. If a cylindrical lens is added (with the axis orientated the same way as the scope slit, so the power of the cylindrical lens will act in the same plane as the scope sweep), neutralisation in this plane is approached and has no effect on the other principal meridian.
Orientation of reflex
The orientation of the retinoscope's slit light should be parallel to the pupil reflex.
If there is no astigmatism, or if the astigmatism is either with the rule or against the rule, the reflex will be orientated vertically and horizontally. In these situations, ensure the slit is vertical then horizontal (rotate the slit by rotating the cuff slightly) to neutralise these meridians.
With oblique astigmatism, the principal meridians are still perpendicular but do not lie vertically and horizontally. Therefore, when a horizontal scope sweep is made with the slit orientated vertically, the orientation of the pupil reflex will be oblique and not lie vertically (it will lie between 045 and 090 or 090 and 135) – see Figure 4.4. Similarly, if the scope slit was orientated horizontally and a sweep made vertically, the orientation of the pupil reflex will again be oblique and not be horizontal (it will lie between 000 and 045 or 135 and 180). For oblique astigmatism, the scope slit should be rotated by turning the cuff slightly so the slit is parallel to the pupil reflex to aid subsequent neutralisation. The perpendicular meridian can then be neutralised by rotating the slit 90 degrees (e.g. if one meridian is at 110, the other will be at 020).
Figure4.3_retinoscopy_obliq
Figure 4.4 With oblique astigmatism, the orientation of the reflex will not be horizontal or vertical but oblique
Another type of reflex is the 'scissor reflex', which occurs with a high degree of irregular corneal astigmatism, such as keratoconus. These reflexes can be difficult or simply not possible to neutralise. Keratoconus is a corneal ectasia, characterised by progressive stromal thinning and conical distortion, associated with increasing irregular astigmatism and myopia. It is appropriate to examine the eye on the slit lamp for other signs of keratoconus (stromal thinning/cone, Vogt's striae, Fleischer ring). Investigations include corneal topography so the degree of irregular astigmatism can be quantified and mapped. This aids the consideration of the various available treatment options for keratoconus, including contact lenses, scleral contact lenses or surgical intervention (riboflavin with ultraviolet A/collagen cross-linking, intra-stromal implants, deep lamellar or penetrating keratoplasty).
Brightness and speed of reflex
As mentioned, the brighter and faster the reflex, the closer to neutralisation. In these situations, use a small magnitude of lens power alteration (0.25 or 0.50 dioptres) since neutralisation is close.
Therefore, a dull, slow reflex is far from neutralisation and sometimes it pays to begin with a ±5 or ±10 spherical lens to start off with.
Remember, a dull reflex also occurs with medial opacity (such as with a cataract or vitreous haemorrhage). A dull reflex can also occur as a result of flat retinoscope batteries!
Correction for working distance
'Working distance' is the distance from the patient's cornea to your retinoscope.
It is necessary to alter the sphere of the lenses in the trial frame to give a corrected full prescription based upon the value of the working distance.
The retinoscope is constructed so that if retinoscopy is performed at 1 m from the patient, the lenses in the trial frame to give neutralisation are equal to the spectacle prescription. However, we do not do retinoscopy at 1 m, but rather at 66 cm (when working with trial frames) or 50 cm (if you have shorter arms or when working without trial frames – for example, with children, examination under anaesthesia or a model eye). Therefore, once neutralisation is obtained, to convert to the corrected prescription, it is necessary to add a –1.50 sphere to the trial frame (to correct for a 66 cm working distance) or a –2.00 sphere (to correct for a 50 cm working distance). Note that the cyl remains unchanged.
Therefore, a –1.50 myope will neutralise without any lenses if working at 66 cm. A –2.00 myope will neutralise without any lenses if working at 50 cm.
Here are some other examples:
 - neutralisation occurs with +4.25/–1.75 @ 030 at 66 cm, so the corrected refraction will be +2.75/–1.75 @ 030, since +4.25 plus –1.50 = +2.75
 - neutralisation occurs with –3.75/+0.75 @ 044 at 50 cm, so the corrected refraction will be –5.75/+0.75 @ 044, since –3.75 plus –2.00 = –5.75.
Therefore, the working distance correction factor is the reciprocal of the working distance in metres and this must be subtracted from the retinoscopy result.
Whenever a result is recorded, it is vital to state whether this is uncorrected or corrected for the working distance and what that working distance is. Therefore, add a –1.50 spherical lens for a working distance of 66 cm and add a –2.00 spherical lens for a working distance of 50 cm.
The correction of working distance can be done at the end of the retinoscopy once neutralisation has been achieved, whilst working at 66 cm or 50 cm. However, it can be done at the start of retinoscopy. In this case, before using the retinoscope, you must add +1.50 (for 66 cm) or +2.00 (for 50 cm) to the trial frame (or your fingers, if working with no frame), and the resultant lens summation at neutralisation will give the corrected prescription. Whether you decide to correct for working distance at the end or the start of retinoscopy does not matter – but it must be done and your results should be clearly recorded to demonstrate at what stage a correction for working distance was made.
Static versus dynamic retinoscopy
'Static' retinoscopy means that the working distance is fixed throughout retinoscopy. This is what most practice and is what is detailed in this book.
Experienced practitioners can use the concept of working distance to their advantage by varying their working distance to obtain neutralisation (rather than changing the lenses). This is known as 'dynamic' retinoscopy.
For example, an emmetrope neutralises at 1 m, a –1.50 myope at 66 cm, a –2.00 myope at 50 cm, a –5.00 myope at 20 cm and so on. Imagine you get an against movement at 66 cm – rather than adding a minus lens (in the case of static retinoscopy), you instead lean forward to 50 cm and neutralisation occurs – the patient's refraction in that meridian is therefore –2.00.
Dynamic retinoscopy is less practical for hypermetropes, since hypermetropes neutralise with a working distance of more than 1 m.
Dynamic retinoscopy takes considerable practise but is extremely useful for refracting challenging patients (such as children) because it is so rapid.
Retinoscopy technique
Ideally, the room should be dim. The darker the room, the easier it is to note the reflex characteristics; if the room is too dark, you will struggle to find your lenses. A useful trick is to use your retinoscope light as a torch if you cannot see the lens markings easily.
Ensure that your retinoscope cuff is all the way down on the shaft of the retinoscope.
Key points for retinoscopy
 - Establish a dim room.
 - Fog (or occlude, if necessary) the fellow eye.
 - Scope the patient's right eye with your right eye/right hand.
 - Scope the patient's left eye with your left eye/left hand.
 - Keep your scope as close as possible to their visual axis, without interrupting continuous distant fixation.
 - Correct for working distance (add –1.50 sphere if at 66 cm; add –2.00 sphere if at 50 cm).
 - Record in either positive cyl notation for both eyes or negative cyl notation for both eyes (never positive for one eye and negative for the other).
The first step is to examine


text:
| < January >
|Normal Max/ High Temperature
|Min/ Low Temperature
|Average Daylight per day
|Sun altitude at solar noon on the 21st day.
- The average temperature in Taungoo in January is really warm at 22.8 °C (73.04 °F).
- Afternoons can be very hot with average high temperatures reaching 30.7 °C (87.3 °F).
- Overnight temperatures are generally mild with an average low of 14.9 °C (58.8 °F).
- In January the average diurnal temperature range/ variation is 15.8 °C (28.4 °F).
- The weather in January is arid. A feeble 7mm (0.3in) of fluid descends.
- The shortest day is 11:00 long and the longest day is 11:16 long with an average length of 11:06.
Check the distance to and compare the Taungoo January averages with somewhere beginning with:
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | All
Weather Trend Graph for January in Taungoo, Myanmar
Navigate to January Weather in Locations Surrounding Taungoo:


Exasperated by the Windows filesystem
by mandel on April 26th, 2011
At the moment some of the tests (and I cannot point out which ones) of ubuntuone-client fail when they are ran on Windows. The reason for this is due to the way in which we get the notifications out of the file system and the way the tests are written. Before I blame the OS or the tests, let me explain a number of facts about the Windows filesystem and the possible ways to interact with it.
To be able to get file system changes from the OS the Win32 API provides the following:
This function was broken up to Vista when it was fixed, Unfortunately AFAIK we also support Windows XP which means that we cannot trust this function. On top of that taking this path means that we can have a performance issue. Because the function is build on top of Windows messages, if too many changes occur the sync daemon would start receiving roll up messages that just state that something changed and it would be up to the sync daemon to decide what really happened. Therefore we can all agree that this is a no no, right?
This is a really easy function to use which is based on ReadDirectoryChangesW (I think is a simple wrapper around it) that lets you know that something changed but gives no information about what changed. Because if is based on ReadDirectoryChangesW it suffers from the same issues.
This is by far the most common way to get the notification changes from the system. Now, in theory there are two possible cases which can go wrong that would affect the events raised by this function:
 1. There are too many events and the buffer gets overloaded and we start loosing events. A simple way to solve this issues is to process the events in a diff thread asap so that we can keep reading the changes.
 2. We use the sync version of the function which means that we could have the following issues:
 - Blue screen of death because we used too much memory from the kernel space.
 - We cannot close the handles used to watch the changes in the directories. This makes the threads to end up blocked.
As I mentioned this is the theory and therefore makes perfect sense to choose this option as the way to get notified by the changes until… you hit a great little feature of Windows called write-behind caching. The idea of write-behind caching is the following one:
When you attempt to write a new file on your HD Windows does not directly modify the HD. Instead it makes a not of the fact that your intention is to write on disk and saves your changes in memory. Ins't that smart?
Well, that lovely feature does come set as default AFAIK from XP onwards. Any smart person would wonder how does that interact with FindFirstChangeNotification/ReadDirectoryChangesW, well after some work here is what I have managed to find out:
The IO Manager (internal to the kernel) is queueing up disk-write requests in an internal buffer, and the actual changes are not physically committed until some condition is met which I believe is for the "write-behind caching" feature. The problem appears to be that the user-space callback via FileSystemWatcher/ReadDirectoryChanges does not occur when disk-write requests are inserted into the queue, but rather occurs when they are leaving the queue and being physically committed to disk. For what I have been able to manage through observation, the life time of a queue is based on:
 1. Whether more writes are being inserted in the q.
 2. Is another app request a read from an item in the q.
This means that when using FileSystemWatcher/ReadDirectoryChanges the events are fired only when the changes are actually committed and as for a user-space program this follows a non-deterministic process (insert spanish swearing here). a way to work around this issue is to use the FluxhFileBuffers function on the volume, which does need admin rights, yeah!
Change Journal records
Well, this allows to track the changes that have been committed in an NTFS system (that means that we do not have support to FAT). This technique allows to keep track of the changes using an update sequence number that keeps track of changes in an interesting manner. At first look, although parsing the data is hard, this solution seems to be very similar to the one used by pyinotify and therefore someone will say, hey, let just ell twisted to do a select on that file and read the changes. Well, no, is not that easy, files do not provide the functionality used for select, just sockets (_URL_ /me jumps of happiness
File system filterr
Well, this is an easy one to summarize, you have to write a driver like piece of code. Means C, COM and being able to crash the entire system with a nice blue screen (although I can change the color to aubergine before we crash)
At this point I hope I have convinced a few to believe that ReadDirectoryChangesW is the best option to take but might be wondering why I mentioned the write-behind caching feature, well here comes my complain towards the tests. We do use the real file system notifications for testing and the trial test cases do have a timeout! Those two facts plus the lovely write-behind caching feature mean that the tests on Windows fail just because the bloody evens are not raise until the leave the q from the IO manager.


text:
Tall Tales Reading Comprehension | Pecos Bill passages and questions
American folktales are a fun component of Common Core State Standards. Incorporate these wacky, student-friendly tidbits about Pecos Bill into your tall tale reading, writing and language lessons (or speech/language therapy sessions!)
These passages are just the right size to keep readers of all skill levels engaged and to keep struggling readers from becoming frustrated. For nonreaders, this can be used as a great listening comprehension activity!
* Includes 20 short passages discussing all kinds of fun facts and background about the Pecos Bill Tall Tale with 2-4 corresponding critical thinking questions per passage.
- Students can read passages independently (silently or aloud) or passages can be read aloud by teacher or therapist. For non readers, an adult should read the cards and the students can respond.
- Questions require students to use skills ranging from simple recall, making personal connections to deciphering vocabulary in context, drawing conclusions, making inferences, giving opinions, identifying figurative language and justifying responses. A whole range of critical thinking skills can be applied! Although the passages can be used in any order, they are numbered in the recommended sequence.
- Literature circle forms for the "jobs" of "connector, summarizer, and predictor."
- Character trait writing activity
- Teaching tool/reference tool that explains how tall tales came about as well as characteristics that tall tales have in common
Just print, cut and use! No wasted paper!
Thank you for considering my products!
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text:
Skip to main page content (AccessKey S)
Standing at the east end of Cathedral Street in Glasgow, and not far from where Castle Street becomes High Street is Glasgow Cathedral. One of the few Scottish medieval churches to have survived the Reformation unscathed, Glasgow Cathedral is truly magnificent, full of beauty and wonder. Yet any visit to Glasgow Cathedral is also tinged with sadness, for it brings home just how much was forever lost to the nation in the orgy of vandalism that destroyed or defaced so many other Scottish churches in the period from 1560.
It's worth starting the story of Glasgow Cathedral in the middle. The reforming mobs in the years after 1560 were no less zealous in Glasgow than elsewhere in the country. But the affection of the ordinary people of Glasgow for their cathedral was such that the organised trades of the city took up arms to protect it.
Perhaps what saved Glasgow Cathedral more than anything else was simply the size of the city's population: when the crisis arose, enough collective sanity remained to allow the defenders to outnumber the attackers. Elsewhere the story all too often had a different outcome.
Had Glasgow Cathedral fallen in the Reformation, a thousand years of history would have been lost. The Cathedral's origins date back to about AD550 when St Mungo, also known as St Kentigern, founded a religious community here around a small church. Today this church is the site of the Blacader Aisle in the Lower Church of the cathedral, the structure that extends beyond the very short South Transept.
During St Mungo's time the church was visited by St Columba (see our Historical Timeline), and St Mungo himself travelled widely, preaching in both Cumbria and North Wales, and going on pilgrimage to Rome. After his death on 13 January 614, St Mungo was buried close to his church. His tomb today lies in the centre of the Lower Choir, probably on the actual site of his grave.
St Mungo's original church was built of wood, and was probably changed and enlarged over the following five centuries. The first stone church on the site was consecrated in the presence of King David I in 1136 and occupied the area now covered by the nave, with part of the earlier church probably surviving off to one side. This first stone church was destroyed or badly damaged by fire within a very short time, and its replacement was consecrated in 1197 by Bishop Jocelin.
The earliest significant parts of what you can see today are the walls of the nave, up to the level of the bottoms of the windows. These date back to the next round of rebuilding, in the early 1200s. In the mid 1200s much of the rest of the cathedral appeared: in particular the upper and lower choirs were added to the east end of the nave.
In the 1400s a tower was built above the crossing, and two more at the western corners of the nave. At the same time the Blacader Aisle was built on the site of St Mungo's original church and the chapter house was added at the north east corner of the choir.
In the 1800s major repairs included the removal of the two western towers, sadly before it was realised that the available funds wouldn't cover their rebuilding. At around the same time alterations made since the Reformation to allow the cathedral to serve three congregations were reversed, leaving the cathedral much as you see it today.
Though not quite, because one of the joys of Glasgow Cathedral is the way it is continually changing and adapting. There are many examples of this, but the most striking is the beautiful Millennium Window (see below left) in the north wall of the nave. This was officially unveiled by HRH Princess Anne on 3 June 1999. It was commissioned by the thee schools holding annual services in the Cathedral, Glasgow Academy, Hutcheson's Academy and the High School of Glasgow.
It was produced by John Clark and is widely recognised as one of the most technically demanding stained glass windows ever produced. A range of complex traditional techniques were employed including multiple layer etching, painting and silverstaining.
As a result the window is true to the spirit of others in the Cathedral produced as far back as the 1400s. Although the methods of production used in the Millennium Window were traditional in origin, the imagery and overall appearance are a highly distinctive symphony of multiple shades of blue.
Today's visitor to Glasgow Cathedral finds an awe inspiring place. It is overlooked from the east by the Glasgow Necropolis and has a fine precinct resulting from the building in 1993 of the St Mungo Museum, which doubles as a Cathedral Visitor Centre.
The site on which the cathedral was built slopes down from west to east. This allowed the building of its most unique feature, a lower church effectively occupying the whole of the area under the choir. This is a beautifully vaulted space. At its heart lies the tomb of St Kentigern or St Mungo, while at its east end are a series of chapels.
These include the Chapel of St John the Evangelist, still containing part of what is believed to be the well used by St Kentigern in the late 500s. These chapels were particularly well used after 1451, when the Pope declared that a pilgrimage to Glasgow Cathedral would carry the same merit as one to Rome. In the same year he approved the foundation by the cathedral of the University of Glasgow.
The upper parts of the church are divided by the choir screen or pulpitum into the separate spaces of the nave and the choir. Despite this division, and despite the cathedral's relatively modest proportions, the overwhelming impression is one of great size and in particular of great height. Glasgow Cathedral is some 285ft (87m) long by 63ft (20m) wide, and the nave roof is 105ft (32m) high.
The towering internal spaces are enhanced by the apparent narrowness of the central potions of the nave and the choir, and by the very short transepts, which don't extend beyond the nave and choir walls.
Glasgow Cathedral deserves to be better known than it is: and would be if it were not to be found in Scotland's largest city, alongside many other competing attractions. But if you are coming to Glasgow, you really should add the cathedral to your must see list.


Incloister meanings in Urdu
Incloister meanings in Urdu is بندش Incloister in Urdu. More meanings of incloister, it's definitions, example sentences, related words, idioms and quotations.
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Idiom related to the meaning of Incloister
What are the meanings of Incloister in Urdu?
Meanings of the word Incloister in Urdu is بندش - bandish. To understand how would you translate the word Incloister in Urdu, you can take help from words closely related to Incloister or it's Urdu translations. Some of these words can also be considered Incloister synonyms. In case you want even more details, you can also consider checking out all of the definitions of the word Incloister. If there is a match we also include idioms & quotations that either use this word or its translations in them or use any of the related words in English or Urdu translations. These idioms or quotations can also be taken as a literary example of how to use Incloister in a sentence. If you have trouble reading in Urdu we have also provided these meanings in Roman Urdu.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What do you mean by incloister?
Meaning of incloister is بندش - bandish
Whats the definition of incloister?
Definition of the incloister are
What is the synonym of incloister?
Synonym of word incloister are phraseology, obstruction, closure, debarring, ligation, constraint, qualm, closures, offuscation, fiction
What are the idioms related to incloister?
Here are the idioms that are related to the word incloister.
 - The mind loves free space


text:
Environmental Monitoring in Antarctica
Environmental monitoring is essential in Antarctica to allow assessment of the impacts of human activities. Examples of the this monitoring work carried out by BAS are given below.
Sewage outfall monitoring, Rothera Station
Until 2003, untreated sewage was discharged into the sea from Rothera Station. Monitoring of the receiving water before and after installation of a biological treatment plant showed a dramatic reduction in the sewage plume as indicated by faecal coliforms.
Concentrations of heavy metals in lichens and marine bivalves around Rothera Research Station.
Concentrations of lead, zinc, cadmium and other heavy metals in lichens and marine bivalves are measured. The results are used to assess whether any observed pollution is due to station activities, and to determine the area of contamination.
Skua Population breeding success
The impact of Rothera Research Station on the local South Polar Skua (Stercorarius maccormicki) population has been monitored for over 12 years. The monitoring programme has recently been expanded to include measurements such as chick weight, survival and egg dimensions.


text:
You'd Never Have to Plug in This Battery-Free Cell Phone
In 1945, a hand-carved wooden copy of the Great Seal of the United States was hung in the residential study of the U.S. ambassador to the Soviet Union. The detailing was remarkable—each feather on the eagle's wings delicately defined, its beak curved just so. But this wasn't what made the piece astounding.
It was also a bug.
The seal was presented to the ambassador as a peaceful gesture by a delegation from the Young Pioneer Organization of the Soviet Union. But tucked within the artful work, just under the bird's beak, was a listening device. It had no battery or active electronics, making it virtually undetectable. Indeed, it wasn't found for seven years.
Now, a team of researchers at the University of Washington in Seattle are once again harnessing similar technology for an equally astounding, but less covert, operation: battery-free cell phones.
Though it's unlikely the design will ever replace our power-hungry smart phones, the technology has the promise to help in a pinch. "Let's say you're stranded somewhere and your phone runs out of battery," says Vamsi Talla, who worked on the project while he was a research associate at the University of Washington. "You still could make a 911 call, which could be a lifesaver."
With a regular cell phone, there are two things that consume a lot of power, says Talla. First, your phone has to convert your voice (an analog signal) into a digital signal. Second, it transmits that signal in the form of radio frequencies to a tower.
So the team stripped these components from their redesigned phone. Instead, they used the basic principals of the Soviet-era technology to rework how the device functions.
In the case of the Great Seal Bug, voices within the room caused a small diaphragm hidden in the structure to vibrate and change the resonance of the internal cavity. To listen in, eager Soviet agents on the street would just need to focus the right frequency of radio waves in the direction of the seal, which activated an antenna inside the bug. Then they could collect the reflections bounced back—also known as backscatter.
In the case of the battery-free phone, a radio signal is constantly emitted from a remote base station. When a person speaks into the device, these frequencies are reflected back to the base station. It is then the base station's task to connect to the cellular network and transmit the call.
"You can't break the laws of physics," says Talla.


text:
[erlang-questions] Newbie question about line endings
Thu Dec 22 14:30:59 CET 2011
On Wed, Dec 21, 2011 at 8:21 PM, August Schwartzwald <
> I started to learn Erlang about a month ago. I really like it and think
> that with some more practice it will become a both unique and powerful tool
> in my growing box of programming languages. However, there is one thing
> about it that I find extremely annoying: The line endings.
> I currently know 5 programing languages, they have either 0 (python) or 1
> way to end lines (usually the ';' character). Erlang totally stands out
> here and requires that lines are ended in one of 4 different ways.
> Did some googling without finding any good reason to why the language
> works in this way. Can anyone here explain this?
There is no such ting as a "Line" in Erlang. Everything is a "form" so
there are no
line ending only form endings. A form is ended by a top-level "dot
Dot is a period "." white space is a blank,tab,newline or comment.
Comments start with "%" and are terminated by a newline
Top level means dot-whitespace is not contained inside a string, a quoted
atom or a comment.
The dot-whitespace convention came from Prolog, this is because Erlang was
first implemented in Prolog.
I don't really know why this convention was adopted in Prolog - but it might
have been done to simplify error handling. If you get a parse error in a
the parser wants to recover in some way. In Erlang/Prolog the strategy for
error recovery is extremely simple, if you get a parse error in a form the
parser just reports the error and goes to the next form - what constitutes
a form can be seen easily by only
looking at the stream of tokens generated by the tokeniser. This make
from parse errors very simple.
Dot-whitespace can be viewed as a synchronizing token for the purposes of
recovery during parsing of incorrect forms.
The easiest was to think of a form, is that it's like a sentence in English.
In your mail which posed this question, you ended most sentences with
dot whitespace (the exception was? as a terminator), so Erlang forms are
like English sentences.
Just like in English semicolons are "long range" operators and separate
whereas commas separate short range constructs.
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text:
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A measurement of head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) with high spatial resolution was carried out in this study. HRTF measurement is difficult in the proximal region because of the lack of an appropriate acoustic point source. In this paper, a modified spark gap was used as the acoustic sound source. Our evaluation experiments showed that the spark gap was more like an acoustic point source than others previously used from the viewpoints of frequency response, directivity, power attenuation, and stability. Using this spark gap, high spatial resolution HRTFs were measured at 6344 spatial points, with distances from 20 to 160 cm, elevations from -40deg to 90deg, and azimuths from 0deg to 360deg. Based on these measurements, an HRTF database was obtained and its reliability was confirmed by both objective and subjective evaluations.


text:
Image Analysis Applications of the Maximum Mean Discrepancy Distance Measure
MetadataShow full item record
The need to quantify distance between two groups of objects is prevalent throughout the signal processing world. The difference of group means computed using the Euclidean, or L2 distance, is one of the predominant distance measures used to compare feature vectors and groups of vectors, but many problems arise with it when high data dimensionality is present. Maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) is a recent unsupervised kernel-based pattern recognition method which may improve differentiation between two distinct populations over many commonly used methods such as the difference of means, when paired with the proper feature representations and kernels. MMD-based distance computation combines many powerful concepts from the machine learning literature, such as data distribution-leveraging similarity measures and kernel methods for machine learning. Due to this heritage, we posit that dissimilarity-based classification and changepoint detection using MMD can lead to enhanced separation between different populations. To test this hypothesis, we conduct studies comparing MMD and the difference of means in two subareas of image analysis and understanding: first, to detect scene changes in video in an unsupervised manner, and secondly, in the biomedical imaging field, using clinical ultrasound to assess tumor response to treatment. We leverage effective computer vision data descriptors, such as the bag-of-visual-words and sparse combinations of SIFT descriptors, and choose from an assessment of several similarity kernels (e.g. Histogram Intersection, Radial Basis Function) in order to engineer useful systems using MMD. Promising improvements over the difference of means, measured primarily using precision/recall for scene change detection, and k-nearest neighbour classification accuracy for tumor response assessment, are obtained in both applications.
Cite this work
Michael Diu (2013). Image Analysis Applications of the Maximum Mean Discrepancy Distance Measure. UWSpace. _URL_


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Let $Q=(Q_0,Q_1)$ be a quiver and $k$ a field. We construct a new quiver $\bar{Q}$ in the following way. Let the vertices of $\bar{Q}$ be the same as the vertices of $Q$, and let the arrows of $\bar{Q}$ be the arrows $Q_1$ together with arrows $\alpha ^* :j\rightarrow i$ for each arrow $\alpha :i\rightarrow j$ in $Q_1$, so $\bar{Q}_1=Q_1\cup Q_1^*$. The $\textbf{preprojective algebra}$ of the quiver $Q$ is defined as \begin{equation*} \mathcal{P}_k(Q)=k\bar{Q}/(\rho )\nonumber \end{equation*} where \begin{align*} \rho = \displaystyle \sum_{\alpha \in Q_1}[\alpha,\alpha^*]=\sum_{\alpha \in Q_1}(\alpha \alpha^*-\alpha^*\alpha) \end{align*} Let $\theta = \text{Ext}_{kQ}^1(D(kQ_{kQ}),kQ)$. We then have the isomorphism \begin{equation*} \mathcal{P}_k(Q) \cong T_{kQ}(\theta )\nonumber \end{equation*} which acts as identity on $kQ$, and which maps the arrows in $Q_1^*$ onto the augmentation ideal of $T_{kQ}(\theta )$. This is useful since the right side is easier to generalize. It also implies that the preprojective algebra is the sum of the preprojective modules. For a proof of the isomorphism see _URL_ or theorem 3.1 in _URL_
I am wondering why one studies the preprojective algebra? What was the original motivation? In the paper by Ringel he mentions that they occur naturally in diverse situations, and I was wondering if anyone is familiar with any such examples? The paper by Ringel is quite old so there are probably more recent examples as well.
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
I can't speak for an original motivation, but from a modern (geometric) point of view, the reason the preprojective algebra is an interesting object is that the moduli stack of representations of the preprojective algebra is equal to the cotangent bundle of the moduli stack of representations of the original quiver Q.
share|improve this answer
thanks for the answer, I really appreciated this insight. do you have a reference for this? – bananastack Apr 26 at 2:53
Your Answer


text:
I'm aware that linked lists, sets and arrays can be used to create stacks by themselves. The theory behind it is this
linked-list: In some languages, a linked-list is substitutable for an array. Stacks are First In First Out operations.
pop methods invoke a stack like behavior.
set: A set is exactly the same as an array, except it does not feature duplicate elements.
I'm struggling to find a way that a tree can be used to create a stack


text:
Make better production decisions by understanding uplift and subsidence of each field.
Improving asset management by monitoring displacement of critical infrastructure.
Reduce risk by measuring ground and infrastructure movement in a changing northern environment
Monitor landslides, seismic activity, subsidence and volcanoes to assess and mitigate risk.
A single monitoring program can screen risks from subsidence, pit walls, infrastructure and tailings
400 km2 to 10000 km2 coverage for a single monitoring area
Monitor your coverage within minutes of an event
Low Monitoring costs
Monitoring without extensive groundwork
Application-specific sensor selection


text:
Translation of ramp in Spanish:
- 1 1.1 (slope) entrance or on ramp (US)vía (feminine) de acceso (a una autopista)exit or off ramp (US)vía (feminine) de salida (de una autopista)Example sentences1.2 (on ship, aircraft)
(for passengers) escalerilla (feminine)(for vehicles) rampa (feminine)Example sentences1.3 (platform) 1.4 (hump) (British) speed ramp → speed bump
- Michelle rolled my wheelchair up the ramp on the stage, and I got to the microphone.
- The temple rises from the valley floor in three colonnaded terraces connected by ramps.
- They would also like to see the playground levelled and a ramp installed.
- I stumbled up the boarding ramp and entered the code sequence that would open the main hatch for me.
- There was no flying, of course, as the ramps, runways and aircraft were also ice covered.
- They hoist their bags on to the ramp, step up into the back of the aircraft and pass their bags forward to the cargo hold.
- Paddy O'Callaghan said that adults and children were crossing the road on a speed ramp.
- Controversial speed ramps at the Woodstock Service Station in Athy will be lowered.
- If we cannot control this, we're going to have to have ramps on all the roads.
- (British) [colloquial]Example sentences
- Share ramping is an evil and insidious force within any economy.
- The web may be the future for our finances, but it's also prey for a new, illegal craze, share ramping.
- What's more, their wide spreads makes dealing in penny shares expensive, plus their prices are notoriously volatile and susceptible to ramping.
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.


Environmental sensor products can be a welcome addition to almost any Home Automation system whether they are used to actively control HVAC devices or to simply monitor key environmental parameters.
Sensors Make ?Sense? for Home Automation
Bert Centala | Automated Environmental Systems LLC
Sensors Make "Sense" for Home Automation
By Bert Centala, Automated Environmental Systems LLC
Environmental sensor products can be a welcome addition to almost any Home Automation system whether they are used to actively control HVAC devices or to simply monitor key environmental parameters.
Need to control devices based on environmental parameters such as temperature, relative humidity or ambient light level? It's easy when you use the zero-to-five Volt input port on your whole house controller!
Making "Sense" of Your Environment
Environmental sensing is a common requirement when designing a home automation control system. Several whole house controllers on the market today allow the user to input analog signal voltages in the zero to +5Vdc range. With the right sensor product, these analog inputs may be conveniently used to monitor common environmental parameters such as temperature, relative humidity or ambient light level. Such parameters might, in turn, allow a whole house controller to intelligently control domestic HVAC (heating, ventilation & air conditioning) appliances such as dampers, humidifiers, dehumidifiers, furnaces and air conditioners. Other devices associated with environmental control may include window coverings, lamps, space heaters, attic fans, and so on.
Making "Sense" of Sensors
The word "sensor" is often used to describe a simple sensing component with a "raw", uncompensated and unconditioned output signal. For example, a simple temperature-sensing component such as a thermistor is actually a "raw" sensor element that cannot be advantageously connected directly to the analog input of a whole house controller through a zero to +5Vdc analog input. A thermistor requires at least a stable power source and current limiting electrical resistance and even these additions may not be sufficient since most thermistors are inherently nonlinear and somewhat inaccurate. In the end, linearization circuitry and calibration must typically be employed to fabricate a usable sensor product using a thermistor.
Some sensor devices are offered as small electronic components and claim to be "stand-alone" since they include on-chip linearization circuitry and are sometimes pre-calibrated. However, the user should beware since many of these sensors usually are not designed to cleanly drive wire or cable more than a few feet in length and so are not easily applied in remote sensing applications. When driving long wires, a sensor of this type may supply a "noisy" signal to the whole house controller, which usually results in readings that appear to "jump around" or contain large errors.
In most situations, the system designer will do well to use a more complete sensor product. Such a product should incorporate a "raw" sensor as well as additional circuitry, which can provide an accurate, linear output signal to be conveyed over hundreds of feet of cable.
What's a Scale Factor?
Simply put, a scale factor is a number, usually expressed in Volts per Unit, which can be used to convert a raw voltage signal into a usable parameter. When the signal voltage being output by a particular sensor product is divided by its scale factor the result should equal the value of units for the measured parameter.
It turns out that a sensor, which outputs a signal with a scale factor of "10mV per unit" (i.e. 0.010Vdc per unit) may be easily and directly read by a commonly available digital voltmeter. For example, if the analog output of a temperature sensor with a scale factor of "10mV per degree Fahrenheit" is measured as 0.753Vdc by a digital voltmeter, then the temperature being measured by the sensor is actually 75.3 degrees Fahrenheit (i.e. 0.753/0.010 or 753/10).
Most whole house controllers incorporate some type of digital computer chip. This means that while analog voltages from zero to +5Vdc can be measured directly by a voltmeter, they must first be converted to a digital form (i.e. digital number) to be handled by the computer chip. Many controllers also use a device called an Analog-to-Digital Converter or ADC to convert a zero to +5Vdc analog voltage to the digital number that the computer chip requires. However, an ADC only responds to a minimum step-change in voltage before the digital number at its output will either increase or decrease.
Many controllers use an ADC, which can only distinguish a minimum step change in voltage of about 19.6mV (i.e. 0.0196Vdc). From our temperature sensor example above, we can see that almost two degrees of temperature change or about 20mV must therefore occur before the controller's ADC will register a change at its output. Unfortunately, this amount of temperature "granularity" may be unacceptably coarse in many cases. One practical approach is to provide a temperature sensor output signal with a scale factor of 19.6mV per degree Fahrenheit. A 19.6mV scale factor will cause the ADC output to adjust whenever a minimum change of one-degree occurs, thereby increasing the resolution of the measurement.
Looking Good!
Interfacing a sensor with its environment while making it either look good or be inconspicuous can be a challenging task. Creative mechanical techniques must often be utilized in the effort to derive the best accuracy and response time from the sensor while at the same time achieving an acceptable outward aesthetic quality. Simple, reliable electrical interconnect and installation methods are also important.
Unfortunately, a raw sensor component dangling from the end of a cable or even loosely housed inside a perforated plastic box may be neither aesthetically pleasing to the eye nor a particularly useful or reliable device. Good packaging practices should take both aesthetics and reliability into account where practicable.
Conclusion
Environmental sensor products can be a welcome addition to almost any Home Automation system whether they are used to actively control HVAC devices or to simply monitor key environmental parameters. Sensor products most sought after, are accurate, reliable, easy to install and directly interface with most whole house controllers with a zero to +5Vdc analog voltage signal.
A complete line of analog environmental sensors designed to monitor parameters such as temperature, relative humidity and relative ambient light level are produced by Automated Environmental Systems, LLC and are sold both directly and through distribution. AES products include Decora-style sensor plates as well as low profile, flush-mount sensors. Analog output signals are available with scale factors of 10mV/Unit and 19.6mV/Unit. AES products are designed to directly drive cat5 cable, coaxial cable or shielded cable.
Bert Centala is the President of Automated Environmental Systems, LLC, a company he founded in 1994 to provide practical sensor solutions to Home Automation enthusiasts. For sensor data and pricing, please visit _URL_.
© Automated Environmental Systems, LLC 2004 All Rights Reserved
The content & opinions in this article are the author's and do not necessarily represent the views of HomeToys
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text:
Kiğı Dam and Hydroelectric Power Plant was built on Peri Stream, 12 kilometers northeast of Kiğı district of Bingöl province. It has a total installed power of 138 MW with 3 generators, each of which is 46 MW, and its annual generation capacity is estimated as 450 million kWh.
The construction of Kiğı HEPP, located in the Euphrates basin, started on March 5, 1998, and the power plant was completed in 2017.
The dam, which was built in clay core rock filled type, has a crest length of 583 m and a height of 168 m from the river bed. The maximum reservoir volume is 508 hm³ and the lake area is 8.35 km².