text:
Cyan ( also to be found in the letters cyan) generally refers to a lying to green at the transition from blue hue. The term is used mainly in technical and artistic applications and is very rare in everyday speech. Here lacking a commonly accepted and definable color category cyan ( in contrast to the past to yellow at the transition from red orange). In ordinary language is the common name turquoise, however, the so called, lying between blue and green color in all shades of cyan congruent.
- 3.2.1 color stimulus
- 3.2.2 Hue same spectral
- 4.1 When the color mixing
- 4.2 Complementing
- 8.1 In nature
- 8.2 In everyday
- 8.3 Colour Psychology
Precise significance of the color name only in special applications, such as
- As a colorimetrically defined color, especially as a printing ink in four-color printing (printing cyan) and
- Than a specified computer applications for web color ( cyan Web );
In the article, the meanings should be clarified.
Assigns to print cyan and web Cyan the same hue wavelengths, one obtains the wavelength range from 482 nm to 492 nm in some books -to-find information of a cyan assigned spectral types vary and are only in the particular context useful example for 487 nm to 492 nm at Norbert Welsch or 480 nm to 510 nm at Franz Wenzel.
The word cyan goes back to Greek κúανoς, which is a deep, dark blue called (steel blue, black blue).
As newer language development of the color concept cyan especially through the Euro scale and fashionable design configurations is introduced in German. In the RAL color system, which was in its infancy in the mid-20th century, there is no category cyan hues. However, color names are included in the composition with turquoise. The turquoise colors are incorporated in the category of green.
Cyan defined as colorimetric color
The colors listed below are colorimetrically defined colors, their appearance is set for certain types of lighting and viewing conditions clearly on measured values.
Cyan as the base color in four-color printing
Cyan is the name of the standard ISO 2846 and ISO 12647 ink of the fourcolor printing. It is usually performed as a print or Cyan Process Cyan. Defines the color appearance of the printed color in daylight standard light D50. The appropriate for the physical printing ink pigment is the beta modification of copper, creating a greenish variant of phthalocyanine is formed.
According to ISO 2846-1 pressure has cyan (0 ° / 45 ° geometry) for a 2 ° CIE standard observer at specified pressure process the following color values :
The color is also after any adjustment to the viewing conditions outside the sRGB gamut, so it can not be represented on a computer monitor in the rule. It can only be attempted as much as possible to approximate the appearance of color on the screen.
Representation of color in sRGB
Various visualizations of printing cyan in sRGB can be found (such as a color pattern on white background ), about
If one uses the color model CIECAM02, a gamut mapping can be realized in sRGB by chroma - reduction, which is optimally adapted to the perceived color. When using the software LittleCMS with the parameters
- Source: ( c.whitePoint = ( 85.30, 88.77, 67.90 ) ( paper); c.surround = AVG_SURROUND; c.D_value = 1; c.La = 318; c.Yb = 20),
- Target: ( c.whitePoint = ( 95.04, 100.00, 108.90 ); c.surround = DIM_SURROUND; c.D_value = 0; c.La = 16; c.Yb = 20)
Arises in iterative chroma reduction, the sRGB color with hexadecimal triplet # 0D8BB1.
Same color spectral color
There are different ways of color colorimetrically defined pressure Cyan assign a shade same spectral color. The association in the color model CIECAM02 by increasing the chroma results in a wavelength of 482 nm Assignment by subtraction of white D50 within a physical color space results in a wavelength of 486 nm
Cyan as web color
For the design of web pages exist in HTML4/CSS/SVG a standardization of English color identifiers for defined web colors. The color names cyan and Aqua both stand for the web color sRGB hexadecimal triplet # 00FFFF, ie the additive mixture of blue and green within the sRGB color space, each with the maximum possible proportion. This corresponds to the HSV hue angle H = 180 °.
Particularly on the Internet, the standard color names have such a dominant position that many, even nontechnical authors with the web color Cyan Cyan mine. To avoid misunderstandings are the names web cyan or cyan computer preferable in an unclear context. In English, for this case occurs the use of Electric cyan.
The direct conversion of sRGB color values using the given in the specification of sRGB formulas yields the tristimulus values of the color, which you can view as to D65 adapted relative color. A chromatic adaptation to Bradford provides these values under adaptation to D50.
By using CIECAM02 ( for comparability with the same parameters as above) one obtains the following tristimulus values, which describe the theoretical phenomenon of web - cyan color as printed on white paper:
Same color spectral color
There are different ways of colorimetric color defined web Cyan assign a hue similar spectral color. The association in the color model CIECAM02 by increasing the chroma results in a wavelength of 490 nm Assignment by subtraction of white D65 within a physical color space results in a wavelength of 492 nm ( 491 nm ).
Cyan in color theory
Wherein color mixing
In an additive color space, with the primary colors red, green, blue (RGB color space) means the secondary color cyan, which is formed from the additive combination of green and blue.
In a subtractive color space with three primary colors with a large target gamut, these primary colors usually bear the name of cyan, magenta and yellow ( CMY color model).
As a complementary color
In various color theories Cyan is the complementary color to red
Cyan as a color category and relative tonal range
In many color graduations and color systems cyan is used as a contrasting color name, which is often omitted colorimetric definition of the tonal range. Should include what colors cyan is thus to open up about only by comparison with the surrounding color categories.
There are ( limited to blues and greens ) to find among others the following color classifications:
- Blue, cyan, green ( in both of the additive such as the subtractive color mixing of three primary colors as a list of all the primary and secondary colors )
- Blue, greenish blue, cyan, bluish green, green at Welsch there with actual notice for coloring same wavelength ranges.
- Indigo, cyan ( blue), green in color theory of Helmholtz
- Violet-blue, cyan, green with Harald Küppers
- Violet-blue, ultramarine blue, cyan, green in color theory of Newton
- Ultramarine blue, cyan, blue green, yellow green reflected in the color selection of the 12-part color paint box.
Related color names
Related, the brightness non-limiting color names are about turquoise, aquamarine, blue-green and green blue.
It leads to the following picture of the use:
- If the name is used contrasting, cyan referred to Germans in general a bluer hue than turquoise, aquamarine and blue-green.
- The term Green Blue is rarely used.
For bright colors and pastel colors from the cyan hue range 482 nm to 492 nm, the color names light blue, sky blue and are - to find Aqua - particularly in the textile sector.
For dark color variants of the cyan hue range 490 nm to 500 nm, the color names blue-green or sea green, more recently, the English names Petrol ( fashion area) and Teal are common ( web color ). Teal is the standard name for the web color that comes from web Cyan by reducing the brightness ( sRGB hexadecimal triplet # 008080 ). In English also means Teal Teal, and the color name is probably derived from the color of the eyes of teal.
Classification as blue or green
Cyan is located on the border between blue and green, the web is cyan greenish than the pressure - cyan. Since Cyan is not a commonly used color category, the corresponding colors in everyday life the color categories blue and green (and possibly turquoise ) assigned.
Occurrence and use of color
Cyan occurs in nature due to certain refractions before and sky, water and ice color.
- A medium cyan is often used as Beck color in swimming pools, the popular water color.
- In fashion a bright mid cyan light women tops is popular ( Aqua ).
In color psychology Cyan stands for clarity and openness of mind, but also coolness and aloofness


Research and Design Anthropology
A Targeted Approach
Anthropogenesis is a consulting company with a difference. At Anthropogenesis we take complex human-centric data and translate it into a comprehensible format, enabling our clients to understand their stakeholders and customers much better. We provide our clients not only with the knowledge that allows them to understand their business problems and avoid potential pitfalls better, but we also help them to develop and design new products or understand their markets and potential markets in greater depth. In short, we give businesses an advantage over their competitors by providing them with deep knowledge.
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Data Driven
Thick Data is human centric data that is collected through the process of conducting ethnography (study of people and their cultures). It is qualitative rather than quantitative and goes way beyond the scope of Big Data, providing the researcher with deep insights into the causes of human behaviour. It can help to clarify why consumers make the choices they make, what lies behind the motivations of stake holders or give greater insights into the working cultures within companies, both large and small. Combined with Big Data, Thick Data provides our clients with the most comprehensive understanding of data sets currently available.
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Results Orientated
We employ qualitative methodologies developed by anthropologists in order to make sense of our clients business environments and their culture and provide them with answers that help to keep them ahead of the game.
Research and Design Anthropology
Anthropology is the comparative study of human cultures and societies. It helps us to explain what we do, how we do and why we do the things we do as individuals and members of groups. It incorporates theories from philosophy, sociology, psychology, and the biological sciences and combines those with its own unique ethnographic theories and methodologies in order to make sense of how humans, and the groups they belong to, function.
While anthropology was originally concerned with the study of the 'exotic other', it was forced to shift its focus with the end of empire and the rise of globalisation in the 20th and 21st centuries. Anthropology's focus expanded to encompass the entire gamut of human experience. Today, anthropologists are not only restricted to the university campus' but can also be found on Wall Street, working in marketing & advertising, the automotive industry, blue chip companies as well as NGOs and government agencies, where they provide insights into human behaviour.
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P = M+A – A Formula for Success?
In 2018 I was commissioned by a company to conduct a feasibility study. They had one question: "Is it possible to reduce working hours and increase productivity at the same time?" Armed with 20 years [...]
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text:
6 July 2021.
Experts from Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU) and Forest College and Research Institute (FC&RI) has undertaken a project to identify native grasses & trees in order to improve elephant habitats and standardise mass multiplication techniques.
Forest Department has set up eight-member group after they realised that areas occupied by native grasses and fodder trees in wild have been degraded.
- Team submitted an interim report recently in which they have identified 29 native grass species and 14 fodder tree species that are palatable for elephants and other herbivores.
- Team also started a nursery for growing these species in FC&RI campus.
- Leaves and plant parts of 29 native fodder grass species and 14 fodder tree species have been dried in the shade.
- They have also been powdered for characterising nutritional and anti-nutritional values.
- Scientists have undertaken the project with the objective of improving quality of elephant habitats by restoring them with native grasses and fodder trees.
About the project
- An interim report has been presented by the team. In the next phase, they will assess nutritive value of trees & plants and standardise mass multiplication technology to plant in lower slopes of Nilgiris and Coimbatore Forest Division.
- They have already assessed the fodder quality of same.
- Quality has degraded because of spread of invasive species such as lantana camara.
- These mountains are found in western Tamil Nadu and called as Western Ghats. 24 peaks of Nilgiri Mountains are above 2,000 metres in height.
- Highest peak is Doddabetta with height of 2,637 metres.
- Word Nilgiri has been derived from Tamil Word Neelam meaning blue and giri meaning mountain.
- Nilgiri Hills are separated from Karnataka Plateau by Moyar River.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Bring your own bottle
This is a typical 17th-century wine bottle. It has a round body and a long neck. It is made from green glass. The bottle was found in Eltham churchyard.
Early wine bottles
Before the 17th century, people used pottery or leather vessels instead of glass bottles. The earliest glass bottles had rounded bodies like this one. Straight bodies, like those found on modern bottles, only became common after the mid-18th century. Early bottles sometimes have seals on the body which indicate the owner's name and the date.
How were the bottles used?
Nowadays wine is bought in bottles, which are discarded or recycled after use. In the past wine was transported to Britain in wooden barrels. It was stored in these barrels at the wine merchant. If you wanted to buy some wine, you brought your own jug or bottle to the wine merchant and he filled it for you. Bottles were not thrown away but were re-used over and over again.
Museum number 73.161

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
In Power BI, Top N and Bottom N are often displayed using a visual level filter and two visuals, respectively. As a result, we can only show one item at a time on top or bottom N. But, if the situation asks for slicer selection to be used to dynamically change how top and bottom N are shown in a single visual at simultaneously. DAX can help us accomplish this scenario. Let's look at how we can visualize this situation.
1. Create a measure like Total Quantity to display the total number of orders.
Total Order = COUNT(order details[order_id])
2. Create a table and generate a series in that table by using the below Dax which will be used for slicer selection.
Slicer = (GENERATESERIES(1,10))
3. Now create a measure that will be used on the visual level filter to display Top and Bottom N both in a single visual at the same time.
Top Bottom =
Var TopX= SELECTEDVALUE(Slicer[Value Selection])
Var TopRank= RANKX(ALL(pizza_types[name]),CALCULATE('Calculations'[Total Order]),,DESC)
Var BottomRank= RANKX(ALL(pizza_types[name]),CALCULATE('Calculations'[Total Order]),,ASC)
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Explanation: In the above measure
- In TopX we are taking the values which are there in the column which we created for slicer selection.
- In TopRank we are giving rank to pizza names and their Total number of orders in Descending order.
- In BottomRank we are giving rank to pizza names and their Total number of orders in Ascending order.
- Then in Result, we are putting the Condition that if TopRank is less than or equal to TopX then give the result as 1, and if BottomRank is less than or equal to TopX then give the result as -1 else give blank.
- Then we are returning the Result.
4. Now place the column in the slicer from the table in which we generated the series.
5. Now take the bar chart on canvas and drag the total orders in the value section and pizza names on X-axis and Place the Top Bottom measure in the Visual level filter, select is not blank, and apply the filter.
6. Now we want to display top orders in green and bottom orders in red then we can give conditional formatting to the visual. We need to make a measure and place it in the data color function.
Measure:> Color = SWITCH(TRUE(),
That's how we can display Top and Bottom N both in Single Visual at the same time in Power BI.
Nice blog!!! Anshika

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


General relativistic impact on the precision of BepiColombo gravity-assists
The general relativistic (GR) impact is assessed on the precision of the announced BepiColombo (BC) space positions at the Earth, Venus and Mercury flyby points providing planned gravity-assists. Apart of the known elliptic orbit precession, another recently specified for the Schwarzschild-Kerr metric effect of the ellipse axes contraction is considered in the thoroughly built model of BC motion from the launch point to the first assigned flyby point at Venus. The intermediate Earth gravity-assist act is shown to serve as an amplifier of the GR effects, so that the total GR-caused position shift at Venus can reach great distances, exceeding the accuracy of the assigned lengths thousands of times. Similar factors entailing possible GR deviation from BC-Mercury expected flyby points are also analysed. © 2019 The Author(s)
Авторы
Журнал
Издательство
Elsevier Ltd
Язык
Английский
Страницы
44-56
Статус
Опубликовано
Том
168
Год
2020
Организации
 - 1 Institute of Gravitation and Cosmology of Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN-University), Russian Federation
Ключевые слова
BepiColombo; Elliptic orbit; Flyby; GR gravity effect; Gravity-assist
Дата создания
10.02.2020
Дата изменения
10.06.2021
Постоянная ссылка
_URL_
Поделиться
Другие записи


runFastHeinz: Calculate heuristically maximum scoring subnetwork
Description Usage Arguments Value Author(s) See Also Examples
View source: R/HeinzUtils.R
Description
The function uses an heuristic approach to calculate the maximum scoring subnetwork. Based on the given network and scores the positive nodes are in the first step aggregated to meta-nodes between which minimum spanning trees are calculated. In regard to this, shortest paths yield the approximated maximum scoring subnetwork. This function can be used if a CPLEX license is not available to calculate the optimal solution.
Usage
1
runFastHeinz(network, scores)
Arguments
network
A graph in igraph or graphNEL format.
scores
A named vector, containing the scores for the nodes of the network. All nodes need to be scored in order to run the algorithm.
Value
A subnetwork in the input network format.
Author(s)
Daniela Beisser
See Also
writeHeinzEdges, writeHeinzNodes, readHeinzTree, readHeinzGraph, runHeinz
Examples
 1
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 3
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library(DLBCL)
# load p-values
data(dataLym)
# load graph
data(interactome)
# get induced subnetwork for all genes contained on the chip
interactome <- subNetwork(dataLym$label, interactome)
p.values <- dataLym$t.pval
names(p.values) <- dataLym$label
bum <- fitBumModel(p.values, plot=TRUE)
scores <- scoreNodes(network=interactome, fb=bum, fdr=0.0001)
module <- runFastHeinz(network=interactome, scores=scores)
## Not run: plotModule(module)
BioNet documentation built on Nov. 8, 2020, 5:48 p.m.


text:
3 countries, 2 years, 6 promoter organizations, 20 different educational entities from various fields, more than 1950 directly involved participants, 3 intellectual results, 1 project deeply looking at learning
The project "Looking @ Learning" aims to provide space and support for cross-sectoral cooperation of professionals in formal and non-formal education on innovation of education in order to create contemporary and successful learning environments for young people in their educational process.
Between March 2015 and February 2017, 6 organizations from 3 countries worked together with other stakeholders to explore what is a creative learning environment, which elements it includes, how we can use these elements to develop creative learning environments, and how to put all this in practice through the development of a learning tool.
As result of this project, you can find in the web our 3 intellectual outputs:
1) State of Art research "The First Looking at Learning" that outlines problems in the area of creative learning environments in Latvian, Dutch and Spanish education systems, simultaneously viewing education policy documents and inspecting the actual situation in educational establishments.
2) Eduesc@peroom: a practical learning tool to foster creative learning process
3) Research on creative learning environments – "The Key Elements of Creative Learning Environment: a case study from Latvia, Spain and the Netherlands".
Welcome to Looking @ Learning website!


text:
Glacial-interglacial cycles drive changes in the discharge and sediment flux from the headwaters of glaciated basins, which are recorded by proglacial fluvial sediments. Linking braided river stratigraphy to the Quaternary climate record could indicate the control of climate-driven variations in discharge and sediment flux on fluvial processes, and the magnitude and frequency of past climate variations. New Zealand is a key location for investigating terrestrial records of Southern Hemisphere climate change. The Late Quaternary braided river deposits on the Canterbury Plains, South Island, New Zealand have formed over the last 400 ka. The coastal cliff marking the southeastern margin of the Canterbury Plains provides excellent exposure of fluvial sediments deposited during the last glacial period, from ~40 ka until the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) (~18 ka).Deposition at the modern coastline of the Canterbury Plains is interpreted in the context of the climate event stratigraphy for New Zealand, which requires a precise geochronology. This thesis demonstrates the first successful application of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating to glaciofluvial sediments on South Island: a technique that was previously considered unsuitable for this region. Ages produced for the coastal stratigraphy range from 36.7 ± 2.9 to 18.2 ± 1.3 ka, indicating that deposition took place during the last glacial, with little or no postglacial aggradation.Three adjacent catchments on the southern Canterbury Plains-the Rakaia, Ashburton and Rangitata-have undergone glacial-drainage capture during the period represented by the coastal stratigraphy. During glacials, transfluent ice reversed the flow direction in several key tributaries, resulting in dramatic variations in effective drainage area of the Ashburton and Rangitata, and variations in discharge and sediment flux which are recorded in the stratigraphy of these catchments. The magnitude, timing and duration of drainage capture were quantified using the Plummer and Phillips (2003) glacier model. The Ashburton catchment increased to 160% of the modern effective drainage area when temperature change relative to modern conditions exceeded -6°C during the LGM. Meanwhile, the effective drainage area of the Rangitata decreased to 63%, and the Rakaia to 93%, reducing discharge from these catchments. Furthermore, glaciation dramatically affects the seasonality of the annual hydrograph.At four coastal sites, the fluvial stratigraphy was surveyed to investigate possible variations in depositional architecture, due to both climate variations, and glacial-drainage capture in the Ashburton and Rangitata. Unexpectedly, little vertical variation in depositional architecture was found, indicating that the deposits created by the braided rivers represent sediment transport during a similar set of flow (and by inference, climate) conditions. Laterally extensive erosional surfaces separating storeys of one or two flow depths in thickness, in combination with the OSL geochronology, suggest that the gravel-bed braided river stratigraphy primarily records a response to climate variations within glacial maxima, rather than on the scale of the glacial-interglacial cycle.
|Date of Award||1 Aug 2012|
- The University of Manchester
|Supervisor||Merren Jones (Supervisor), Stephen Covey-Crump (Supervisor) & Simon Brocklehurst (Supervisor)|
- glacier modelling
- New Zealand
- optically stimulated luminescence


text:
Vocal ontogeny in bat pups
My Ph.D. student Ahana Fernandez studies the ontogeny of the vocal repertoire in bats. Ahana's particular interest is the conspicuous babbling behavior in which Saccopteryx bilineata pups engage regularly (Knörnschild et al. 2006). During ontogeny, pups of both sexes learn territorial songs by imitating adult male tutors (Knörnschild et al. 2010a). Since precursor songs often appear in babbling bouts, babbling probably constitutes vocal practice (Knörnschild 2014). To date, Saccopteryx bilineata is the only non-human mammal that is both a babbler and a vocal imitator, making this bat expecially well suited for biolinguistic studies.
Ahana recording Saccopteryx bilineata pups in a tree (© Stifter).
Ahana descibes the ontongenetic trajectories of different syllable types produced by babbling pups. Moreover, she studies the phonological syntax of babbling bouts and uses playback experiments to test whether pups can discriminate between syntactically correct and incorrect babbling bouts.
Babbling Saccopteryx bilineata pup roosting next to its mother (© Stifter).
Babbling pups utter long sequences of various syllables in a repetitive and juxtaposed fashion reminiscent of human canonical babbling or avian plastic song (Catchpole & Slater 1995, Doupe & Kuhl 1999, Hultsch & Todt 2004). Precursors of all adult vocalization types known to date are found in babbling bouts of pups (Behr & von Helversen 2004, Knörnschild et al. 2006), making it highly probable that babbling plays a crucial role in the species' vocal repertoire acquisition.
Excerpt of a babbling bout from a female Saccopteryx bilineata pup (© Knörnschild).
Listen to the babbling bout excerpt (© Knörnschild):


At the bedside
Hello everyone! I'm a Spanish student of translation and I'm now working on a medical project. The text is about a tracheostomy.
This is the parragraph:
"1 What is a tracheostomy?
A tracheostomy is an artificially-created opening in the front of the neck. It goes through the skin and allows direct access to the trachea (windpipe). Tracheostomies are inserted below the level of the vocal cords (voice-box). Tracheostomies can be inserted by senior critical care doctors at the bedside, or by surgeons in the operating theatre."
I would like to know what does "at the bedside" means in this context. I hope someone can help me! Thanks in advance!
 - Top


text:
It appears that Netflix will be streaming this new series from 24 Jan 2020.
The docuseries will chronicle the Fall of Constantinople and the end of the Byzantine Empire from the Ottoman perspective.
In October 2018, Netflix greenlit the limited series titled 'Rise of Empires: Ottoman' which will chronicle the life of Mehmed the Conquerer and aims to tell the story of the Fall of Constantinople from a different perspective.
The first season, consisting of six episodes, will be released on Netflix on January 24, 2020.
The Turkish documentary series follows the rise of the Ottoman Empire under the leadership of Mehmed the Conquerer. In 1453 AD, at the age of 21, Sultan Mehmed conquered Constantinople (now Istanbul) and brought an end to the centuries-old Byzantine Empire.
After conquering the city, Sultan Mehmed transferred the capital of the Ottoman State from Edirne to Constantinople and established his court there.
The capture of the city (and two other Byzantine splinter territories soon thereafter) marked the end of the Roman Empire, a state which dated to 27 BC, which had lasted for nearly 1,500 years.
At home he made many political and social reforms, encouraged the arts and sciences, and by the end of his reign, his rebuilding program had changed the city into a thriving imperial capital. He is considered a hero in modern-day Turkey and parts of the wider Muslim world.
Cem Yigit Uzümoglu
Cem Yigit Uzümoglu is a Turkish actor known for his role as Emir in Netflix's 'The Protector'. He will play the role of Fatih Sultan Mehmet in the upcoming docuseries.
Tuba Büyüküstün is a Turkish actress known for her roles in 'Black Money Love' and 'Brave and Beautiful'. She will play the role of Mara Hatun, who was the stepmother of Sultan Mehmed. Born Mara Branković, she was the daughter of a Serbian monarch whose betrothal to Murad II was an attempt to prevent an invasion of Serbia from the Ottoman Empire.
Osman Sonant is a Turkish actor known for his work on 'Zengin ve Yoksul' and 'Ufak Tefek Cinayetler'. He plays the role of Loukas Notaras, a Byzantine statesman who served as the last megas doux or grand Duke and the last mesazon of the Byzantine Empire, under emperors John VIII Palaiologos and Constantine XI Palaiologos.


text:
Ancient Skeleton Discovered in Sri Lankan Cave
A complete human skeleton has been excavated from a cave in western Sri Lanka.
Discovered in the Fa Hien Cave in the district of Kalutara, Western Province, Sri Lanka, the skeleton, thought to be a Homo sapien, could be the oldest found in South Asia so far.
Items found in the same layer as the skeleton have been dated back 37,000 years, suggesting that the skeleton is likely around the same age. To find out for sure, officials plan to get it carbon-dated.
Stone tools were found with the skeleton, as well as ornaments made of beads and weapons made of animal bone. These discoveries are helping to build a picture of the eating habits and rituals of these ancient people.
Although human remains were found at the cave in the 1960′s and 1980′s, this find, made a few days ago, represents the first complete pre-historic human skeleton discovered in Sri Lanka.


What is author impact data?
The Author impact is a summarized view of the impact data collected from all the articles you have published and linked to your Frontiers profile.
It is an aggregation of the total number of article views, downloads and citations.
You can find this clicking on your name on the top right corner, then selecting Profile.
You find the number under the Impact tab:


text:
On the threshold of man's first landing on the moon, CHRISTIANITY TODAYinterviewed Dr. Rodney W. Johnson, a scientist from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. He holds B.S. and M.S. degrees from the University of Minnesota and a doctorate from Purdue University. His duties at NASA headquarters are with the Advanced Manned Missions Office in the Office of Manned Space Flight, where he is responsible for developing plans and studies for future manned lunar and earth orbital exploration programs. Dr. Johnson is considered to be America's foremost authority on lunar bases. He is a fellow of the American Scientific Association and a member of the Beltsville, Maryland, Presbyterian Church.
Question: Dr. Johnson, what is the primary significance of man's setting foot on the moon?
Answer: The significance to me lies in the fact that man will have demonstrated his ability to leave the earth and return to it freely and at will—to "escape" from earth and live and work on the moon if he should so desire.
Q: Is there special significance for the Christian?
A: Yes, I believe that when God created man, he presented man with the divine imperative to "subdue the earth." A lunar landing marks a major new step in our dominion over the earth. Our escape from it shows our mastery over it.
Q: So you feel that dominion over all things created is a mandate from God. Does this mean that the whole of nature is at our arbitrary disposal?
A: We do not always subdue the earth wisely and well. Our pollution of our environment is a terrible thing. Yet the principle is valid. Our humanity is verified or corroborated by our response to this divine command. The more we are able to do in a technical ...1
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text:
Cinacalcet for Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23)-Mediated Hypophosphatemia (Hypophosphatemic Rickets)
- Hypophosphatemia is a condition where a person has low levels of phosphorus in the blood. Low blood phosphorus can cause muscle and bone weakness (such as rickets) and teeth problems. One cause of the condition is having too much fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). FGF23 is a hormone that causes the kidney to get rid of phosphorus in the urine. It can also prevent the body from making vitamin D, which helps the body absorb phosphorus in food.
- Many people with low blood phosphorus take high doses of phosphorus and calcium medications. However, one side effect of these drugs is increased blood levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH). The drug cinacalcet can help lower PTH levels, which may decrease the amount of phosphorus lost in the urine and increase the phosphorus levels in the blood. Researchers want to see if cinacalcet can help blood phosphorus and decrease the amount of phosphorus supplements that people need to take.
- To see if cinacalcet can be a safe and effective treatment for people with low phosphorus conditions due to high FGF23.
- Individuals between 18 and 70 years of age who have different forms of hypophosphatemic rickets and tumor-induced hypophosphatemia
- Participants will have up to 25 study visits over about 28 weeks.
- Participants will be screened with a physical exam and medical history. Blood and urine samples will be collected.
- Up to three more lab visits for blood and urine tests will be required before treatment. Imaging studies of the bones, spine, and kidneys will be performed.
- Participants will have a 3-night hospital stay to start treatment. They will take cinacalcet once a day. Treatment will be monitored with frequent blood tests and imaging studies.
- Participants will continue to take cinacalcet once a day for 3 weeks. They will have regular study visits to monitor the treatment.
- There will be up to two other overnight hospital stays (1 to 3 nights) to adjust cinacalcet doses. The dose will increase until the maximum dose is reached, or side effects develop.
- After the end of the cinacalcet study, participants will have several more followup visits to monitor the effects of treatment.
|Study Design:||Allocation: Non-Randomized
Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: Open Label
Primary Purpose: Treatment
|Official Title:||Open-label Dose-titration Study of the Tolerability and Efficacy of Cinacalcet to Treat Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23)-Mediated Hypophosphatemia|
- Evaluate the tolerability of cinacalcet in individuals with FGF23-mediated hypophosphatemia [ Time Frame: 4 years ]
|Study Start Date:||November 2012|
|Estimated Study Completion Date:||December 2016|
|Estimated Primary Completion Date:||October 2015 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)|
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01748812
|Contact: Diala M El-Maouche, M.D.||(301) _EMAIL_|
|Contact: Rachel I Gafni, M.D.||(301) _EMAIL_|
|United States, Maryland|
|National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike||Recruiting|
|Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892|
|Contact: For more information at the NIH Clinical Center contact Patient Recruitment and Public Liaison Office (PRPL) _PHONE_ ext TTY8664111010 _EMAIL_|
|Principal Investigator:||Rachel I Gafni, M.D.||National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)|


text:
Hyphen Between A Prefix And A Capitalized Word
If you're adding a prefix to a proper noun, keep the capital on the proper noun. There's no need to capitalize the prefix unless it's at the beginning of the sentence.
Mark is reading a book on pre-Civil War Argentina.
The post-WWII housing boom is still evident today in most towns and cities.
One does not need to be anti-American to be pro-Canadian.
Anti-Semitism is a major motif in Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice.
The prefix antiis capitalized because it's at the beginning of the sentence.
- Previous article Hyphen With Suffix -Elect


text:
Seemingly Unrelated Regression Approach for GSTARIMA Model to Forecast Rain Fall Data in Malang Southern Region Districts
Time series forecasting models can be used to predict phenomena that occur in nature. Generalized Space Time Autoregressive (GSTAR) is one of time series model used to forecast the data consisting the elements of time and space. This model is limited to the stationary and non-seasonal data. Generalized Space Time Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (GSTARIMA) is GSTAR development model that accommodates the non-stationary and seasonal data. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) is method used to estimate parameter of GSTARIMA model. Estimation parameter of GSTARIMA model using OLS will not produce efficiently estimator if there is an error correlation between spaces. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) assumes the variance-covariance matrix has a constant error ???~???(?,??) but in fact, the observatory spaces are correlated so that variance-covariance matrix of the error is not constant. Therefore, Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) approach is used to accommodate the weakness of the OLS. SUR assumption is ???~???(?,?) for estimating parameters GSTARIMA model. The method to estimate parameter of SUR is Generalized Least Square (GLS). Applications GSTARIMA-SUR models for rainfall data in the region Malang obtained GSTARIMA models ((1)(1,12,36),(0),(1))-SUR with determination coefficient generated with the average of 57.726%.


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Here we present a sustainable, environment-friendly and energy-efficient approach for synthesis of porous tungsten carbide (WC). A biopolymer-metal oxide composite featuring iota-carrageenan, chitin and tungsten trioxide (WO3) was used as the precursor material. The reaction mechanism for the synthesis of WC was estimated using the results from X-ray diffraction characterization (XRD). A synthesis temperature of 1300 °C and dwell time of 3 h were found to be the optimum process parameters to obtain WC>98% pure. The grain size, porosity and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of the synthesized WC were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption-desorption. A mesoporous WC was synthesized here with a grain size around 20 nm and BET surface area of 67.03 m2/g. Gel casting was used to demonstrate the manufacturing capability of the proposed precursor material. The WC obtained after heat treatment preserved the original shape albeit significant shrinkage. The WC synthesized here has potential applications in high temperature filters, catalysis, fuel cells and batteries.
Please use the publisher's recommended citation. _URL_


text: Improper manual material handling (MMH) techniques are shown to lead to low back pain, the most common work-related musculoskeletal disorder. Due to the complex nature and variability of MMH and obtrusiveness and subjectiveness of existing hazard analysis methods, providing systematic, continuous, and automated risk assessment is challenging. We present a machine learning algorithm to detect and classify MMH tasks using minimally-intrusive instrumented insoles and chest-mounted accelerometers. Six participants performed standing, walking, lifting/lowering, carrying, side-to-side load transferring (i.e., 5.7 kg and 12.5 kg), and pushing/pulling. Lifting and carrying loads as well as hazardous behaviors (i.e., stooping, overextending and jerky lifting) were detected with 85.3%/81.5% average accuracies with/without chest accelerometer. The proposed system allows for continuous exposure assessment during MMH and provides objective data for use with analytical risk assessment models that can be used to increase workplace safety through exposure estimation.


text: The Ellis Bay Formation on Anticosti Island has long been recognized for the biostratigraphic importance of its latest Ordovician conodont, palynomorph, and shelly fossil assemblages. However, a sparse record of graptolites has made it difficult to correlate these assemblages with the graptolite biozonation. Restudy of some previously described and examination of newly collected normalograptid specimens from the Ellis Bay and lower Becscie formations, however, shows that biostratigraphically important taxa are present and these species provide important constraints on the age of the strata. Normalograptus parvulus and N. minor have been identified in the upper half of the Ellis Bay Formation, suggesting that these strata are late Hirnantian in age (N. persculptus Biozone). Normalograptus imperfectus and Normalograptus sp. aff. N. acceptus occur in the basal beds of the Becscie Formation, indicating that these strata are earliest Silurian. These graptolite data support the hypothesis that the positive carbon isotope excursion seen in the uppermost strata of the Ellis Bay Formation is isochronous with that seen in the Hirnantian strata at Dob's Linn, Scotland, and does not span much of the lower to mid-Hirnantian, as is the case in Arctic Canada and Nevada, USA. Anticosti Island, Hirnantian, graptolites, Ordovician, Silurian.


On the influence of non-thermal pressure on the ma... - BV FAPESP
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(Reference retrieved automatically from Web of Science through information on FAPESP grant and its corresponding number as mentioned in the publication by the authors.)
On the influence of non-thermal pressure on the mass determination of galaxy clusters
Full text
Author(s):
Lagana, T. F. [1] ; de Souza, R. S. [1] ; Keller, G. R. [1]
Total Authors: 3
Affiliation:
[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Astron Geofis & Ciencias Atmosfer, Dept Astron, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo - Brazil
Total Affiliations: 1
Document type: Journal article
Source: Astronomy & Astrophysics; v. 510, FEB 2010.
Web of Science Citations: 25
Abstract
Aims. Given that in most cases just thermal pressure is taken into account in the hydrostatic equilibrium equation to estimate galaxy cluster mass, the main purpose of this paper is to consider the contribution of all three non-thermal components to total mass measurements. The non-thermal pressure is composed by cosmic rays, turbulence and magnetic pressures. Methods. To estimate the thermal pressure we used public XMM-Newton archival data of five Abell clusters to derive temperature and density profiles. To describe the magnetic pressure, we assume a radial distribution for the magnetic field, B(r) proportional to rho(alpha)(g). To seek generality we assume alpha within the range of 0.5 to 0.9, as indicated by observations and numerical simulations. Turbulent motions and bulk velocities add a turbulent pressure, which is considered using an estimate from numerical simulations. For this component, we assume an isotropic pressure, P(turb) = 1/3 rho(g)(sigma(2)(r) + sigma(2)(t)). We also consider the contribution of cosmic ray pressure, P(cr) proportional to r(-0.5). Thus, besides the gas (thermal) pressure, we include these three non-thermal components in the magnetohydrostatic equilibrium equation and compare the total mass estimates with the values obtained without them. Results. A consistent description for the non-thermal component could yield a variation in mass estimates that extends from 10% to similar to 30%. We verified that in the inner parts of cool core clusters the cosmic ray component is comparable to the magnetic pressure, while in non-cool core clusters the cosmic ray component is dominant. For cool core clusters the magnetic pressure is the dominant component, contributing more than 50% of the total mass variation due to non-thermal pressure components. However, for non-cool core clusters, the major influence comes from the cosmic ray pressure that accounts for more than 80% of the total mass variation due to non-thermal pressure effects. For our sample, the maximum influence of the turbulent component to the total mass variation can be almost 20%. Although all of the assumptions agree with previous works, it is important to notice that our results rely on the specific parametrization adopted in this work. We show that this analysis can be regarded as a starting point for a more detailed and refined exploration of the influence of non-thermal pressure in the intra-cluster medium (ICM). (AU)
FAPESP's process: 06/58240-3 - Planetary nebulae and central stars: stellar winds and metallicity
Grantee:Graziela Roswitha Keller Rodrigues
Support type: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
FAPESP's process: 08/04318-7 - Intracluster gas enrichment ánd star formation efficiency ín clusters of galaxies
Grantee:Tatiana Ferraz Laganá
Support type: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctorate


text:
This Animal Planet show answers the question you all were wondering, but forgot to ask, "Who would win in a fight, a lion or a tiger?"
Lions are known as the "King of the Beasts," and can weigh as much as 530 pounds; they're almost 11 feet long and can stand four feet high. However, the tiger is the biggest and strongest of all the wild cats, and though it is only three feet tall and ten feet long, it does have an advantage in weight. Tigers can grow to 570 pounds.
Watch these kings of the jungle fight it out with their three-inch claws and long teeth. Don't cry foul; it's a computer simulation. No lions, tigers (or bears) were harmed in the making of this video.
via Animal Planet


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Brady Creek Reservoir is located three miles west of Brady in McCulloch County, Texas. It's on Brady Creek, a tributary of the San Saba River which is a tributary of the Colorado River. The reservoir is owned and operated by the City of Brady for municipal and industrial water supply as well as for recreational purposes. The State Board of Water Engineer issued Water Right Permit (No. 1953) for this project on May 2, 1960. Construction of the Dam began on December 27, 1961 and was completed on May 14, 1963. Deliberate impoundment of water started on May 22, 1963.
Brady creek, which has flowing water throughout most of its course, is dammed in its upper reaches at Camp Billy Gibbons, a Boy Scout camp belonging to the Comanche Trail Council, and again at the Brady Reservoir, three miles west of Brady in McCulloch County. (Texas State Historical Association)
In 1962 a significant rain event threatened construction by filling the reservoir ahead of schedule,. It had originally been predicted to take two years of regular rainfall to fill. The dam is an earthfill embankment 8,400 feet long and 104 feet high with an elevation at the top of 1,783 feet above mean sea level. The uncontrolled emergency spillway is located at the right end of the dam with crest elevation at 1,762.4 feet above mean sea level. The reservoir has a conservation storage capacity of 30,430 acre-feet encompassing a surface area of 2,020 acres at the conservation pool elevation (crest of service spillway) of 1,743 feet above mean sea level. The dam controls a drainage area of 508 square miles. The USGS has a gage measuring the reservoir levels on the south-east side of the reservoir at the dam: USGS: 08144900.
View all current conditions at waterdatafortexas.org
View Brady Creek Reservoir - Past to Present


text:
Could anyone tell me what is the relationship between VDDE2 and VDDE2A supply pins of SPC5777C? Could they be tied to different voltages, for example, VDDE2 tied to 5V and VDDE2A tied to 3.3V?
Thanks in advance.
There is none. In the device predecessor (MPC5676R) it was one domain. On the MPC5777C it has been split onto 2 domains (in order to minimize I/O pins affected when using Ethernet).
Yes, they can be tied to different voltages, as you shown in the example.
Retrieving data...


text:
This straightforward, quick soil test describes how to assess topsoil in three simple steps. Each assessment should not take more than 20 minutes.
The steps are soil removal, soil assessment and soil scoring (see Method Description).
A quality score is given which shows if the soil structure needs to be improved to maintain soil health.
Scoring and assessment require comparison with a 2-page colour chart of differing soil structure and associated soil descriptions - downloadable here.
Go deeper with Subsoil VESS colour chart and see the SubVESS Method Description.
Non-English language and pictures-only versions of VESS can be downloaded here: Spanish; Portuguese; Norwegian; Danish; Turkish; French.
Address: Crop & Soils Systems, Scotland's Rural College, Peter Wilson Building, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG.
Telephone: 0131 _PHONE_


text:
Tassie devil ranks in world's worst sounds
The sound of a tasmanian devil has featured in a list of the world's most horrible sounds.
Over 1.1 million votes were analysed by Professor Trevor Cox of the University of Salford in the UK.
Voting took place via Internet site sound101.org.
Coming in at number 11 out of 34 sounds was the tasmanian devil, which was considered a more horrible sound than the dentist's drill.
Vomiting topped the list, followed by microphone feedback, with babies crying and a "horrible scraping sound" tying for third place.
Fingernails down a blackboard, considered an awful sound by many people, came in at 16th.
Professor Cox says he is driven by a scientific curiosity about why people shudder at certain sounds and not others.
"We are pre-programmed to be repulsed by horrible things such as vomiting, as it is fundamental to staying alive to avoid nasty stuff but, interestingly, the voting patterns from the sound did not match expectation for a pure 'disgust' reaction," he said.
"Similarly, the sound of fingernails down a blackboard has been compared to the warning cries of monkeys - again, something that humans might instinctively respond to because of our ancestry.
"So we examined whether the voting patterns for the scraping sounds were consistent with an evolved response.
"But only for the worst scraping sound were the results consistent with the hypothesis of an evolved response."
Professor Cox is now planning a similar experiment to rate the most pleasant sound in the world.


text:
Come Get Your Milk: Animal Charity Introduces New Feeding System For Orphaned Donkeys
A donkey charity has developed a "pioneering" new feeding aid for orphaned donkeys- to help them grow.
The new feeding system not only allows foals (baby donkeys) to self-administer their own feeding – but research also shows it could promote healthier growth and development.
It was created by the animal welfare charity called The Donkey Sanctuary, located in the picturesque English county Devon, in the United Kingdom.
The innovative creation has shown to reduce aggressive behaviors more commonly seen in bottle-reared foals.
This is majorly due to incorrect handling – such as being pushed away, which the foal then views as positive and playful attention.
The automatic feeding system consists of a plastic tube that leads from an enclosed milk bucket to a lamb bottle teat – attached to a stable door.
Ben Hart, The Donkey Sanctuary's Senior Lead Behavior and Human Behavior Change, said: "Although rare, orphaned foals are one of the greatest challenges to equine care and welfare.
"Hand rearing is often the only option for equine sanctuaries when an orphan arrives.
"However, too much inappropriate handling from humans can result in behavioral issues as the foal grows."
One foal who has seen the positive effects of the invention is Sam, an orphaned donkey who came into the charity's care at just one week old.
Sam was initially hand fed with bottle feeds every three to four hours, but the team caring for him noticed potentially concerning behaviors developing – such as rising up on its hind legs and biting in a playful manner.
The decision was then taken to adapt the artificial suckling system – so that Sam's milk can be accessible 24 hours a day.
Before long, Sam was flourishing – showing hardly any signs of these negative behaviors and recently reached the age to be rehomed.
Mr. Hart added: "Developing this artificial feeding system, which mimics the natural environment, is a great example of how team collaboration, academic excellence and lateral thinking can significantly improve not only the health, welfare and behavioral development of donkeys in our care but also equines around the world who can learn from our pioneering work."
The idea came from one of the charity's grooms who had experience in the agriculture sector and had previously seen an artificial suckling system used to rear newborn lambs.
The artificial feeding system is now being used to help other orphan foals across the UK.
Produced in association with SWNS.


text: Over the past thirty years, a new systemic conception of life has emerged at the forefront of science. New emphasis has been given to complexity, networks, and patterns of organisation, leading to a novel kind of'systemic' thinking. This volume integrates the ideas, models, and theories underlying the systems view of life into a single coherent framework. Taking a broad sweep through history and across scientific disciplines, the authors examine the appearance of key concepts such as autopoiesis, dissipative structures, social networks, and a systemic understanding of evolution. The implications of the systems view of life for health care, management, and our global ecological and economic crises are also discussed. Written primarily for undergraduates, it is also essential reading for graduate students and researchers interested in understanding the new systemic conception of life and its implications for a broad range of professions - from economics and politics to medicine, psychology and law.


text:
A gentle meander alongside Blackbrook and around pleasant Hamilton Gault Park. The stream is a traffic-free route for wildlife in and out of the town, including otters and water voles. Come out on a summer evening and watch bats flying above your head catching insects.
Calculated time is computed with the distance, the height difference, and an average speed of 2.2 mph. For an intermediate walker, this time includes small breaks.
(D/A) Start at the tarmac cycle path, off Blackbrook Park Avenue, between NHS South West House and Broomhay House. Follow the cycle path down to Blackbrook Way, cross the road at the pedestrian crossing, then pass the play area on the left and along Blackbrook. You may spot sticklebacks in the water.
(1) You can either keep to the cycle path or take the alternative route to the left, just after the play area, that leads round behind the trees. Both routes lead past the holding pool, built to help prevent flooding. N.B. The alternative route may be muddy and slippery- take care.
Either rejoin the cycle path to the right, or continue on the alternative track behind the trees, and eventually rejoin the cycle path later on.
(2) Continue on to the Blackbrook Open Space information board and take the right hand fork. Continue on the path to the road. Cross the road and turn right and then left at Severn Drive. Continue on the cycle path that winds through the housing estate, until you reach Hamilton Gault Park with its spectacular avenue of Horse Chestnut trees.
In Summer why not try out the green gym equipment? And in Winter, stroll amongst the trees, laden with mistletoe- a favourite food of the Blackcap.
(3) After a loop around the park, you can retrace your steps, through the housing estate and alongside Blackbrook. For an alternative route on the way back, you can turn left at the green bridge and follow the path on the right. N.B. The alternative route may be muddy and slippery—take care(D/A)
D/A : mi 0 - alt. 46ft - Blackbrook Park Avenue
1 : mi 0.14 - alt. 46ft - Alternative route
2 : mi 0.37 - alt. 49ft - Blackbrook Open Space information board
3 : mi 0.64 - alt. 52ft - Park
D/A : mi 1.76 - alt. 46ft - Blackbrook Park Avenue
Tarmac (with optional dirt path).
Walkers need appropriate footwear.
More details : _URL_
Visorando and this author cannot be held responsible in the case of accidents or problems occuring on this walk.
Spot this long-legged bird wading out into shallow water to catch small fish and insects with its pointy dagger-like beak.
Look for dark smears of poo with fish bones in them on prominent stones or logs. This is how the Otter marks its territory.
Southern Hawker Dragonfly
This large black and green dragonfly can be seen flitting about catching flying insects to eat.
Point of Interest
Back at the starting point, if you cross the road you can follow a path leading off on the opposite side, to circle a lovely pond. This is a great spot to glimpse kingfishers!
A pleasant route of reasonable distance, taking in a beautiful stretch of Taunton's crowning glory the River Tone, and a quiet tract of the Bridgwater and Taunton canal. Wildlife abounds.
Take in a lively stretch of the River Tone, a new wildlife mural, and the Mill Stream running through Goodland Gardens. Visit by day you'll see Little Egrets hunting for fish, and at dusk, you might be joined by bats who are out hunting for their supper.
Circular, family-fun story trail 1.5km riverside walk.
Mosaic of relic heathy grassland and ancient and secondary woodland on the steep north-facing slope of Blackdown Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB).
This is a very easy, West Somerset walk around Nynehead. If you're a fan of Industrial Heritage, this is a walk-through history lesson is tucked into the landscape surrounding the village; add in great views and a fairly level route and you have a near-perfect short ramble with lots of interest on the way.
A short easy stroll to the highest point of the Quantock Hills. Do choose a day with good visibility as the views in all directions are extensive.
Species-rich limestone and marshy meadows beside River Yarty.
A circular walk around Hawkridge Reservoir with opportunities for some bird watching. Then through mixed woodland and across high pasture with views across to the Mendips and Glastonbury Tor. The mile extension takes in a renovated limekiln and a viewpoint on Hawkridge Common.
For more walks, use our search engine.
The GPS track and description are the property of the author.


11th November 2010 under PHP
Generating Even and Odd PostgreSQL Databases for Replication
I was recently faced with a problem of replicating two PostgreSQL databases with bucardo. The replication was to be in a master-master fashion so that the databases could be updated on both ends. Although this task can easily be handled by bucardo it requires that the two different systems generate completely different sets of primary keys. According to the Bucardo website (_URL_ there are three ways of achieving this difference. Their approaches were:
If you are using a swap sync, the best practice is to not replicate sequences, but to make sure that they are different on both sides, such that an insert on database A will never conflict with an insert on database B. There are three general ways to do this:
 1. Use interleaving sequences. On database A, define the sequence as START WITH 1 INCREMENT BY 2. On database B, define the sequence as START WITH 2 INCREMENT BY 2. Thus, the two sequences will never have the same value.
 2. Use different ranges. For example, database A would use a sequence of START WITH 1, while database B uses START WITH 100000000. This is not foolproof, as A can eventually catch up with B, although you can define A as MAXVALUE 99999999.
 3. Use a common sequence. This relies on one or both of the databases using a function that makes a call to an external sequence
After reading this I decided to go by the first approach so I wrote a script to alter the sequences.
// Add the sequences you dont want affected here. The schema doesn't
// really matter.
$exclude = array(
for ($i = 1; $i < $argc; $i++)
 if(substr($argv[$i], 0, 2) == "--")
 $parameter = substr($argv[$i], 2, strlen($argv[$i]) - 2);
 $$parameter = $argv[$i];
 $tables[] = $argv[$i];
$conn = pg_connect("host=$host port=5432 dbname=$db user=$user
$sequences_result = pg_query($conn, "SELECT * FROM
$sequences = array();
while($sequence = pg_fetch_assoc($sequences_result))
 if(array_search($sequence['sequence_name'], $exclude)!== false)
 echo "Skipping ". $sequence['sequence_schema']. '.'.$sequence['sequence_name']. "\n";
 $sequence = $sequence['sequence_schema']. '.'. $sequence['sequence_name'];
 $value = pg_query($conn, "SELECT last_value from $sequence");
 $value = pg_fetch_assoc($value);
 pg_query($conn, "ALTER SEQUENCE $sequence INCREMENT BY 2");
 if($value["last_value"] % 2 == 0 && $mode == 'odd')
 pg_query($conn, "ALTER SEQUENCE $sequence RESTART WITH ".($value['last_value'] + 1));
 elseif(($value["last_value"] % 2 == 1 || $value["last_value"] == 1) && $mode == 'even')
This script takes five required parameters. The parameters are not validated so if it is wrongly specified the consequences are unknown. PLEASE BE CAREFUL! The parameters are:
 1. The hostname
 2. The username
 3. The password
 4. The database name
 5. The mode of the change (even or odd)
An example usage could be
php update_sequences.php --host db1.accra.srv --user postgres --password somepass --db appcore --mode even
Hope that helps. Happy Programming!


text:
Welcome back to another exciting section of REG where I will discuss everything you need to know as it relates to duties and liabilities of agents and principles. Here are today's learning outcomes.
- Explain the various duties and liabilities of agents and principals.
- Identify the duty or liability of an agent or principal given a specific scenario.
There are 4 main duties a principal has towards an agent:
- Compensation – fair and reasonable payment (doesn't have to be cash).
- Indemnification – reimbursement for losses incurred. The agent shouldn't be responsible for the cost of doing something on the principal's behalf.
- Good faith and fair dealing – must act in good faith and be fair towards the agent. Can't have unreasonable request.
- Act according to the contract – the principal should hold up their end of the deal.
Although the agent is acting on behalf of the principal, the principal can still be held liable for the agent's actions. Here are some examples:
- Agent was following orders – If the agent was told to do something and as a direct result the agent commits a tort (hurts somebody) then the principal can be held liable. For example, principal "A" tells agent "B" to build faulty equipment to save money. Joe gets hurts using the equipment and holds the principal liable even though they didn't make the equipment.
- Agent is incompetent (under-qualified) – If the principal hires someone who they know is under-qualified and has no idea what they are doing then a principal will be held liable when that person messes up.
- Principal doesn't do it's due diligence when hiring an agent – What if the principal doesn't know the agent is unqualified? Well, if the principal doesn't properly vet their candidates then they can still be held liable. Doing a simple background check can root out bad actors.
- Principal doesn't supervise properly – If the principal doesn't properly supervise the agent and the agent commits a tort then the principal may be held liable.
There are two broad categories of duties an agent owes to a principal:
- Fiduciary duty – Unique to agent/principal relationships.
- General/contractual duties – Not unique to agent/principal relationship.
Generally, contracts between two or more people don't bind those parties beyond the four corners of the contract. For example, if Company "X" buys from Company "Y" you wouldn't assume they are in partnership to do business together. This is where an agent/principal relationship differs from a general contract between unrelated parties.
Because there is a special relationship that exists between an agent and a principal there are additional duties that exist. These are called fiduciary duties:
- Duty to avoid self dealing – if Bob manages an investment account for Bill then he should act to help Bill as much as he can. Bob shouldn't invest money into accounts that have low returns and high fees just so Bob can make a profit.
- Duty to preserve confidential information – Spongebob has a duty to not give away the Krabby Patty secret formula because that would bankrupt Mr. Krab's business.
Other duties exist that aren't unique to agent principal relationships. These are general duties that non agent/principal relationships as well as agent/principal relationships have:
- Duty of skill and care – agent should perform work to the best of their ability using their skill and expertise.
- Duty of good conduct – as an agent you want to conduct yourself appropriately. although the principal can't control the agent's personal life you don't want to hire a banker with a gambling problem.
- Duty to act only as authorized – just because you're an agent doesn't mean you can do whatever you want. If the principal doesn't authorized you to do something then you have a duty to not overstep your authority.
- Duty to obey – agent's have a duty to obey reasonable orders from the principal.
This one is pretty easy:
- Agent's are responsible for their own actions.
Even if the principal tells the agent to do something illegal doesn't make it ok to do something illegal. The agent is always responsible for the torts they commit, regardless who they are working for.
- Know the duties of a principal – compensation, indemnification, good faith dealing, and follow the contract.
- Know the liabilities of a principal – principal can be held liable for an agent's actions.
- Know the duties of an agent – both fiduciary and general duties.
- Know the liabilities of a principal – agents are responsible for their own torts.
Photo Credit: rawpixel / 123RF Stock Photo
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text:
Transport of large quantities of low concentrated swine manure (total solids around 5-7%) to biogas plants represents a significant proportion of the operating costs for co-digestion plants. Together with the increment of the prices of the industrial effluents that are used for codigestion, this is the main reason for the poor economic performance of biogas plants in Denmark. The idea of increasing the methane productivity of the manure has triggered the development of new separation technologies for being applied before the anaerobic digestion of the swine manure. Thus, the solid and liquid fractions of the manure could be used to centralized biogas plants for methane production and as fertilizer on the farm, respectively. Unfortunately, the manure transportation systems today are designed for handling of liquid material and are useless for solid material transportation. A solution to that would be the liquefaction of the solid fraction of manure prior the transportation in order to use the already existent infrastructure. This presentation focuses on the RETROGAS project (funded by the Energy Technology Development and Demonstration Programme of the Danish Energy Agency) that aims at the development of new separation and liquefaction technology in order to make the anaerobic digestion of swine manure cost efficient and viable.
|Status||Udgivet - 2010|


text:
Microsoft Excel is a powerful tool that can transform the way you use data. This book explains in comprehensive and user-friendly detail how to manage, make sense of, explore and share data, giving scientists at all levels the skills they need to maximise the usefulness of their data.
Interactions between species are of fundamental importance to all living systems and the framework we have for studying these interactions is community ecology. This is important to our understanding of the planet's biological diversity and how species interactions relate to the functioning of ecosystems at all scales. Species do not live in isolation and the study of community ecology is of practical application in a wide range of conservation issues.
This is a book about the scientific process and how you apply it to data in ecology. You will learn how to plan for data collection, how to assemble data, how to analyze data and finally how to present the results. The book uses Microsoft Excel and the powerful Open Source R program to carry out data handling as well as producing graphs.


text:
This thematic area addresses the critical human resource challenges of the broader South African and African science systems. Working across scientific fields, types of institutions, researcher demographics and time periods, a range of broad research questions are addressed, such as:
Are we producing enough scientists and academics for future science production and the expansion of the science system in South Africa (SA) and on the continent?
Are we transforming the active human-resource base so as to ensure a more inclusive human-resource capability in SA?
What are the trends in the production of postgraduate students (the university pipeline) and how can we optimally model and understand these trends?
What are the migration and mobility trends of African scientists?
Recognising the crucial importance of adequate human resources for economic development in the country, this research theme also considers the challenges of producing enough of the right type of skills needed by South African industry.


Using Spring Connectors in SOLIDWORKS Simulation to Reduce Complexity in Your Analysis
By Paolo Olmos
I recently worked on a customer project which involved answering the question, "How can I represent complex sub-assemblies or components that are part of a larger assembly using SOLIDWORKS Simulation?" The customer wanted to include ball screws and linear rails. These sub-assemblies include bearings, threads, and complex mounting geometry that would require a significant amount of time and effort to setup - and a significant amount of time to solve. Additionally, if I were to miss an element in the setup, the analysis could fail or the results may be invalid. One way to simplify an analysis that involves complex sub-assemblies or components is to replace them with spring connectors. Replacing components with spring connectors allows you to:
 - Reduce the number of components that need to be meshed, improving solve time
 - Simplify the analysis setup, reducing the overall time necessary to execute the analysis
While maintaining the inherent stiffness of the components you remove by replacing them with an equivalent spring stiffness. As an example, let's take an assembly made of 2 plates with a spring in the middle. Including the spring in a linear static analysis with a 100 lbf load applied, the results show a displacement of 0.282 inches. To use a spring connector in this situation, the spring component is suppressed and replaced with a virtual spring that uses the stiffness data you have for the modeled spring. As you can see in the screenshots below, we can get the same displacements as the analysis that included the modeled spring.
Spring Connector
Right: Results With Spring, Left: Results With Spring Connector.
Comparing the setup and solve time between the two studies:
 - The setup time was short for both studies, but imagine if the spring was a more complex sub-assembly or component. It would require time to define contacts, material, and fixtures for all the elements in the sub-assembly or component. The setup time could be substantially longer.
 - The solve time for the actual spring took 6 seconds to solve versus 2 seconds for the spring connector analysis.
A couple of other things to consider when using spring connectors:
 - Make sure that the face selected for one body shares a common projected area on the face selected for the other body. If you don't, SOLIDWORKS Simulation cannot create the spring and will display an error when you try to run the analysis. In the example above, the faces selected had the same area and were directly overlapping when looking at the top view.
 - You can create split lines to separate the faces of each body in order to create a common projected area between them. In the example above, this technique would have been required if the spring was significantly smaller than the plates.
As you can see in this brief overview, spring connectors can help you obtain accurate results, while saving you time to setup and solve your analysis. Keep a look-out at this space for a follow-up blog article that covers using spring connectors to represent the ball screw and linear rail assemblies mentioned earlier, or watch my webinar: SOLIDWORKS Simulation - Representing Ball Screws and Linear Rails in Your Analysis.
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Rusk, David Dean
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Definition: from
Summary Article: Rusk, (David) Dean (_PHONE_) from The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather guide
US Democrat politician. He was secretary of state to presidents J F Kennedy and L B Johnson 1961–69, and became unpopular through his involvement with the Vietnam War.
He was prominent in Korean War negotiations. Convinced of the need not to appease communist expansionism, he played a key part in the US decision to defend South Korea against invasion by North Korea. However, he advised President Kennedy against the unsuccessful Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba in 1961.
Early career Rusk was born in Cherokee County, Georgia, the son of a Presbyterian minister, and studied politics at Oxford University as a Rhodes scholar. He taught political science on his return to the USA, before military service during the World War II, where he was involved in intelligence and guerrilla operations in Burma (now Myanmar). He joined the US State Department after the war and progressed to becoming assistant secretary for Far Eastern affairs 1950–51. In 1952, when the Republican general Dwight Eisenhower was elected president, Rusk left the State Department to become president of the internationalist Rockefeller Foundation.
A hawk Despite criticism from peace campaigners, Rusk never wavered in his advocacy of a firm interventionist line in Vietnam in an effort to halt the perceived spread of communism. Having been appointed secretary of state by Kennedy, he continued in that office under Lyndon Johnson, before retiring in 1969 to teach international law at the University of Georgia. Liberal on social issues but hawkish and internationalist on external matters, Rusk was an archetypal 'defence Democrat'.
Create a Mind Map for Rusk, (David) Dean (_PHONE_)


Tag: Petrol
British Scientists Invent Hydrogen Based and Cheaper Artificial Gasoline
British scientists are refining the recipe for a hydrogen-based fuel that will run in existing cars and engines which could cost just around $1.50 a gallon and is more energy effiicient than the nowadays petrol. The hydrogen-based fuel instead of carbon-based (as it is heavily used in nowadays petrol) doesn't emit any harmful greenhouse gases […]


Employee advocacy and employee engagement are both incredibly beneficial to any organization, but it's important to know the difference so you can leverage them properly.
Employee engagement is the act of people who work for your organization taking pride in their place of business, their job, and going above and beyond their daily responsibilities.
This is the difference between your top-performing employee and the one who just shows up for work to collect a check and leave. Employees who are fully engaged are absorbed in their work and enthusiastic about what they do. They believe in the greater purpose of their organization and they are passionate about being a part of it.
This is not the same as employee advocacy.
Employee advocacy is a method used to promote your brand and initiatives through people who work for your organization in an authentic and trusted way, typically on social media or other digital channels.
An employee advocacy program makes it easy for employees to share your brand's messages with their personal networks. This is not a new concept. Word-of-mouth has always been a popular marketing tool, but the nature of social media can lead to messages gaining incredibly far reach. At the same time, people tend to be cautious about saying the wrong thing on social media because they don't want to miss represent their brand.
How Employee Advocacy and Employee Engagement Work Together
Both employee advocacy and employee engagement strategies are great to initiate in your office, but one does not work without the other.
You can have employees who are passionate about what they do and take their work seriously, but they might not promote your initiatives if they don't know what to promote.
Conversely, if you have an employee advocacy program but your employees are not engaged in what they do or the message of the brand, the program won't be as successful as you'd like.
However, when you have both in place, you can promote your brand through social media amplification and hit your marketing goals.
How Employee Advocacy Helps Your Organization
No matter the size of your company or the industry you're in, employee advocacy has huge benefits for your brand.
Employee advocacy allows you to expand the reach of your brand on social media while communicating your message in an authentic and trusted way. This means your message is more likely to resonate with each person it reaches in your target audience.
Messages shared by employees reach more than 5x further than when shared by a brand account, according to the MSL Group.
5x further reach msl group
This is because people trust your message when it's shared by employees more than they trust it when it comes from your brand account. When your brand shares a message promoting itself, it's viewed the same as a paid advertisement. But when people share a message, there is no skepticism around it. People don't view it the way they do an ad.
People follow people they respect and trust. They view them as credible and insightful. That's why they are more receptive to their posts. Think about these reliable sources of information sharing your message. Employees who are willing to promote your initiatives are more likely to share your content and posts that your marketing team approves of. This is why an employee advocacy program can greatly help you.
So how can you get employees to participate in your employee advocacy program? You need them to buy in, believe in what you're doing, and be engaged.
How To Fuel Employee Engagement
There are some employees in your organization right now who mention your brand on social media. These are likely the same employees that you would consider 'highly engaged' members of your organization.
These are employees who already believe in what you're doing, are somewhat comfortable on social media, and want to promote your brand. What you want to do first is identify these people, focus your employee advocacy program on them, and then expand the program around them to other employees.
When you pitch your employee advocacy program to the other employees, you'll use this initial group of employees as an example. They'll be the advocates of your employee advocacy program, and the program's model citizens, allowing other employees to see how easy it is to participate in an employee advocacy program.
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You'll also be able to have these employees show off all the engagement they get on social media, how they've built up their own personal social media presence, and other employee benefits of employee advocacy. By communicating how easy it is to be involved and what employees personally gain from it, you'll draw more interest in your employee advocacy program.
Another way to draw interest is by using gamification with employee advocacy. When people outside of your program see what kind of acknowledgment and rewards people in the program receive, they'll want to take part in the program as well. It's another personal benefit they'll get out of the program outside of expanding their social media presence.
When people get involved in employee advocacy, they tend to get a better understanding of their company's initiatives, its priorities, and how they contribute to its overall mission. When that happens, people feel more connected to their brand and become more engaged to help the company.
You need employee engagement to have a successful employee advocacy program, but employee advocacy can help employees get engaged by getting more active and involved.
Employee engagement is a must-have in your organization. It means people in your company are passionate about your brand, what its mission is, and about their jobs. Combining this passion into an employee advocacy program is a marketing method that can't be beaten.
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text:
memory at any given time is known as memory capacity.
How much memory is there in a human brain?
Your storage capacity could be limited to a few megabytes, about equal to that of an iPod or a USB flash drive. However, neurons work together such that each one contributes to several memories at once, exponentially boosting the brain's capacity for memory storage to closer to about 2.5 petabytes (or a million gigabytes).
How uncommon are eidetic memories?
The odd but actual perceptual phenomenon known as eidetic memory, which affects between 2 – 15% of children and very infrequently adults, is sometimes mistaken for a photographic memory. A vivid afterimage that persists in the mind's eye for up to a few minutes before dissipating is known as an eidetic image.
What distinguishes eidetic memory from photographic memory?
Photographic memory is the capacity to recall a picture with great precision over a considerably more extended period than eidetic memory, which can only do so briefly. This is the main distinction between photographic memory and eidetic memory.


1. X39 Exposure to other forces of nature
 1. X39.0 Exposure to natural radiation
 1. X39.01 Exposure to radon
 2. X39.08 Exposure to other natural radiation
 2. X39.8 Other exposure to forces of nature
Abbreviations used here:
NEC Not elsewhere classifiable
This abbreviation in the Tabular List represents "other specified". When a specific code is not available for a condition, the Tabular List includes an NEC entry under a code to identify the code as the "other specified" code.
NOS Not otherwise specified
This abbreviation is the equivalent of unspecified.


text:
The PowerLogic PM5000 power meter by Schneider Electric is the ideal fit for cost management applications.
The PM5000 (5100, 5300, 5560 series) provides the measurement capabilities needed to allocate energy usage, perform tenant metering and sub-billing, pin-point energy savings, optimize equipment efficiency and utilization, and perform a high level assessment of the power quality of the electrical network. In a single 96 x 96 mm unit, with a graphical display, all three phases, neutral and ground can be monitored simultaneously.
The bright, anti-glare display features large characters and powerful backlighting for easy reading even in extreme lighting conditions and viewing angles. Easy to understand menus, text in 8 selectable languages, icons and graphics create a friendly environment to learn about your electrical network. Highly accurate devices with global billing certifications.
Cost management: Cost saving opportunities becomes clear once you understand how and when your facility uses electricity.
The PowerLogic PM5000 series meters are ideal for:
- Sub billing / tenant metering: allows a landlord, property management firm, condominium association, homeowners association, or other multi-tenant property to bill tenants for individual measured utility (electricity) usage. MID approved meters for billing applications across Europe.
- Cost allocation: allocate energy costs between different departments (HVAC, indoor and outdoor lighting, refrigeration, etc.), different parts of an industrial process or different cost centres. Cost allocation systems can help you save money by making changes to your operation, better maintaining your equipment, taking advantage of pricing fluctuations, and managing your demand.
- Network management: Improving reliability of the electrical network is key for success in any business. Monitoring values such as voltage levels, harmonic distortion and voltage unbalance will help you to ensure proper operation and maintenance of your electrical network and equipment.
PowerLogic PM5000 series meters are the perfect tool for:
- Basic Power Quality monitoring: power quality phenomena can cause undesirable effects such as heating in transformers, capacitors, motors, generators and disoperation of electronic equipment and protection devices.
- Min/ Max monitoring (with timestamp): understanding when electrical parameters, such as voltage, current and power demand, reach maximum and minimum values will give you the insight to correctly maintain your electrical network and assure equipment will not be damaged.
- Alarming: alarms help you to be aware of any abnormal behaviour on the electrical network in the moment it happens.
- WAGES monitoring: take advantage of the input metering on PM5000 meters to integrate measurements from 3rd party devices such as water, air, gas, electricity or steam, meters.
See all Meterlogic offered Products.Technical Datasheet User Guide


数据资源： 林业前沿资讯
Modeling the Effect of Climate Change on the Potential Distribution of Qinghai Spruce (Picea crassifolia Kom.) in Qilian Mountains
编号 010016902
推送时间 20190114
研究领域 森林生态
年份 2019
类型 期刊
语种 英文
标题 Modeling the Effect of Climate Change on the Potential Distribution of Qinghai Spruce (Picea crassifolia Kom.) in Qilian Mountains
第169期
发表时间 20190114
摘要 Qinghai spruce forests play a key role in water conservation in the dry region of northwest China. So, it is necessary to understand the impacts of climate change on the species to implement adaptation strategies. Based on the four-emission scenario (i.e., RCP2.6 (Representative Concentration Pathway), RCP4.5, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5) set by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) fifth assessment report, in the study, we predicted the potential distribution of Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia Kom.) under current and future scenarios using a maximum entropy (Maxent) model. Seven variables, selected from 22 variables according to correlation analysis combining with their contribution rates to the distribution, are used to simulate the potential distribution of the species under current and future scenarios. Simulated results are validated by area under the operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results demonstrate that elevation, mean temperature of wettest quarter, annual mean temperature, and mean diurnal range are more important in dominating the potential distribution of Qinghai spruce. Ratios of the suitable area to the total study area are 34.3% in current climate condition, 34% in RCP2.6, 33.9% in RCP4.5, 33.8% in RCP6.0, and 30.5% in RCP8.5, respectively. The warmer the climate condition is, the more area of higher suitable classification is changed to that of lower suitable classification. The ratios of real distribution area in simulated unsuitable class to the real distribution area change from 4.3% (60.7 km2) in the current climate to 13% (185 km2) in RCP8.5, suggesting that the real distribution area may decrease in the future. We conclude that there is a negative effect of climate change on the distribution of Qinghai spruce forest. The result can help decision-makers to draft adaptation countermeasures based on climate change.
服务人员 王璐
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text: What are genitive word forms? Back when star maps were first being drawn by European astronomers, Latin was the language of Science. And in Latin grammar, the possessive form of a word seems more complicated than its counterpart in English. For example, the star named alpha Canes Veneticorum is also known to us as "the alpha star of Canes Venetici." This star also has the common name Cor Caroli. When you look at astronomical literature and star maps, either paper or electronic, you will often see star names given as "beta Lyrae" or "omicron Ceti." Think of your favorite sports star. Stanley Frank Musial is also known as "Stan the Man."


How to Put margins on tables or arrays in R
How to Put margins on tables or arrays in R, We'll show you how to use the addmargins function in R to add margins to tables or arrays.
The tutorial will include two examples of using the addmargins function to annotate margin values on table objects.
Let's get this party started:
How to Put margins on tables or arrays in R
For this R tutorial, we'll start with the data below:
data <- data.frame(x1 = c(LETTERS[1:3],
"B", "B", "C")
x2 = letters[1:2])
data
 x1 x2
1 A a
2 B b
3 C a
4 B b
5 B a
6 C b
Examine the preceding table. It shows that the example data frame has six rows and two variables.
Best Data Science Algorithms » finnstats
Based on these data, we can then create a table object (i.e. a contingency table).
tab <- table(data)
tab
x2
x1 a b
 A 1 0
 B 1 2
 C 1 1
The preceding RStudio console output shows our table without margins.
Example 1: Assign Sum Margins to a Contingency Table Using the function addmargins()
Example 1, Will show how to use the addmargins function to add the sum of each row and column to a table's margins.
Consider the R code below:
tab_sum <- addmargins(tab, FUN = sum)
tab_sum
x2
x1 a b sum
 A 1 0 1
 B 1 2 3
 C 1 1 2
 sum 3 3 6
As you can see, we have annotated another row and column with our data's sum margins.
Data Science applications in Retail » finnstats
Example 2: Assign Mean Margins to a Contingency Table Using the function addmargins()
We used the sum function in Example 1 to add margins to our contingency table.
However, other functions within the addmargins command can be used.
The R code below demonstrates how to annotate mean values to a table object:
tab_mean <- addmargins(tab, FUN = mean)
tab_mean
x2
x1 a b mean
 A 1.0 0.0 0.5
 B 1.0 2.0 1.5
 C 1.0 1.0 1.0
 mean 1.0 1.0 1.0
The previous table has the same structure as Example 1. However, instead of sum margins, we have included mean margins this time.
Is It Difficult to Learn Data Science » finnstats
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Alexa.Gadget.SpeechData Interface
This interface sends your gadget speechmark data. Speechmarks are metadata that enable your gadget to synchronize speech with visual experiences. One example of an action that your gadget can take based on this data is to lip sync to Alexa's text-to-speech (TTS).
Supporting this interface
To support this interface, the gadget must respond to the Echo device's Discover directive with a Discover.Response event that includes the following entry in its array of Capabilities:
 "type": "AlexaInterface",
 "interface": "Alexa.Gadget.SpeechData",
 "version": "1.0",
 "configurations": {
 "supportedTypes": [
This interface includes one directive: Speechmarks, as described next.
Speechmarks directive
This directive provides speechmark data to your gadget. The.proto file contents are as follows:
message SpeechmarksDirectiveProto {
 Directive directive = 1;
 message Directive {
 alexaGadgetSpeechData.SpeechmarksDirectivePayloadProto payload = 2;
 header.DirectiveHeaderProto header = 1;
message DirectiveHeaderProto {
 string namespace = 1;
 string name = 2;
 string messageId = 3;
 string dialogRequestId = 4;
message SpeechmarksDirectivePayloadProto {
 repeated SpeechmarksData speechmarksData = 2;
 message SpeechmarksData {
 int32 startOffsetInMilliSeconds = 3;
 string type = 2;
 string value = 1;
 int32 playerOffsetInMilliseconds = 1;
The fields in this message are as follows:
Field Description Type
directive Contains a complete Speechmarks directive. Directive
The fields of the message are as follows:
Field Description Type
header Contains the header for this directive. DirectiveHeaderProto
payload Contains the payload for this directive. SpeechmarksDirectivePayloadProto
The fields of the message are as follows:
Field Description Type
namespace The namespace of this directive, which is Alexa.Gadget.SpeechData. string
name The name of this directive, which is Speechmarks. string
messageId An ID that uniquely defines an instance of this directive. This string can be empty. string
dialogRequestId A unique ID that correlates this directive with a specific voice interaction from a user. You can ignore this field. string
The fields of the message are as follows:
Field Description Type
speechmarksData An object that represents speechmark data. It specifies the type of data, values, and offset. SpeechmarksData
playerOffsetInMilliseconds Where the speech currently is in its stream, in milliseconds. int32
The fields of the message are as follows:
Field Description Type
type The type of speechmark data that this directive contains. Currently, the only possible value is "VISEME". Viseme is a mouth position that corresponds to a spoken sound. string
value The value of the speechmark. string
startOffsetInMilliSeconds The start offset of the value, in milliseconds.
To determine how to sync speechmark data to Alexa's speech, use startOffsetInMilliSeconds minus playerOffsetInMilliseconds.
For example, say your gadget receives the following viseme speechmark data at playerOffsetInMilliseconds = 7000:
value: "t", startOffsetInMilliSeconds: 3000
value: "a", startOffsetInMilliSeconds: 5000
value: "p", startOffsetInMilliSeconds: 9000
value: "e", startOffsetInMilliSeconds: 11000
Because playerOffsetInMilliseconds is 7000, your gadget should start considering the values at "p", and ignore the earlier values.
If playerOffsetInMilliseconds and startOffsetInMilliSeconds are both zero, the gadget should process the data immediately.


Tutorial: Django Forms with AngularJS
Django offers an excellent Form framework which is responsible for rendering and validating HTML forms. Since Django's design philosophy is to be independent of the styling and JavaScript, this Form framework requires some adoption in order to play well with AngularJS and optionally Bootstrap.
An alternative technique is to add crispy-forms to your project and enrich the Django Forms with a helper class. Unfortunately, crispy-form does not work very well with django-angular. In order to add the same functionality in a "DRY" manner, a special Mixin class can be added to your forms, rather than having to work with helper-classes.
Basic Form Submission
Lets start with a very basic example, a functioning demo is available here: _URL_
Say, we have a simple but rather long Form definition, to subscribe a person wanting to visit us:
Since we want to render this form in a DRY manner, our favorite template syntax is something such as:
 {% csrf_token %}
 {{ form }}
In this example, the whole form is rendered in one pass including all HTML elements, such as , , and . Additionally, bound forms are rendered with their preset values and a list of errors, if the previous Form validation did not succeed.
The Django Form framework comes with three different rendering methods: as_p(), as_ul() and as_table() (the default). Unfortunately, these three rendering methods are not suitable for nowadays needs, such as Bootstrap styling and Ajax based Form validation.
In order to be more flexible without having to abandon the "DRY" principle, the above SubscriptionForm has been enriched by the Mixin class Bootstrap3FormMixin. This class adds an additional method as_div(), which is responsible for rendering the Form suitable for Bootstrap styling.
Additionally, this Mixin class wraps the list of validation errors occurred during the last Form validation into the AngularJS directive ng-show, so that error messages disappear after the user starts typing, and thus puts the Form into a "dirty", or in other words "non-pristine", state.
You can test this yourself, by leaving out some fields or entering invalid values and submitting the Form.
Bound Form in AngularJS
AngularJS does not take into account the concept of bound Forms. Therefore, input fields rendered with preset values, are displayed as empty fields. To circumvent this, the django-angular Form directive re-enables the rendering of the bound field values.
Dynamically Hiding Form Fields for Bootstrap
A common use case is to hide a form field based on the value of another. For example, to hide the phone field if the user selects Female within SubscriptionForm, overwrite field_css_classes on SubscriptionForm:
field_css_classes = {
 '*': 'form-group has-feedback',
 'phone': "ng-class:{'ng-hide':sex==='f'}",
field_css_classes adds css classes to the wrapper div surrounding individual fields in bootstrap. In the above example, '*' adds the classes form-group has-feedback to all fields within the form and 'ng-class:{"ng-hide":sex==="f"}' is added only to the phone field. Only Angular directives that can be used as CSS classes are allowed within field_css_classes. Additionally, if specified as a string, the string may not contain any spaces or double quotes. However, if specified as a list, spaces can be used, and the above example can be rewritten as:
field_css_classes = {
 'phone': ["ng-class: {'ng-hide': sex==='f'};"],
By adding the keyword '__default__' to this list, the CSS classes for the default entry, ie. '*', are merged with the CSS classes for the current field.
Adding an asterisk for required fields
An asterisk is often added after labels on required fields (like with django-crispy-forms for example). This can be accomplished by using native Django and CSS. To do this, set the required_css_class attribute on SubscriptionForm (see Django documentation).
required_css_class = 'djng-field-required'
Next, add the CSS:
label.djng-field-required::after {
 content: "\00a0*";
Client-side Form validation
To enable client-side Form validation, simply add the mixin class NgFormValidationMixin to the SubscriptionForm class:
class SubscriptionForm(NgFormValidationMixin, Bootstrap3FormMixin, forms.Form):
 # form fields as usual
Here the rendered Form contains all the AngularJS directives as required for client side Form validation. If an entered value does not match the criteria as defined by the definition of SubscriptionForm, AngularJS will notify the user immediately