's Scheduling feature gives you the ability to schedule Episodes in advance. Once you've planned a time, sends out automated invitations to everyone you want to invite. As the start time approaches - 15 minutes before your Episode is due to start - sends out a round of reminders to you and your participants, so no one will miss a beat.
The Scheduling feature is easy to use. From the 'Shows' page click on the orange 'Create' button or the 'Shows' icon. A list of your shows will appear. Simply click the name of the show you want to schedule an episode for. Click the 'New Episode' button and select 'Schedule' from the drop sown menu that appears.
Pick a Date/Time and Title:
1. Enter an episode Title. You can remove the episode number if you want.
2. Pick a date and time for your episode.
*The time is listed for your time zone based upon your computer's time zone settings.
Note: To start an episode immediately, leave the current date and time that is listed already.
3. Choose an estimated length of your episode. Note that the actual episode can be shorter or longer than this. The maximum length of an episode is 12 hours.
4. Type in a 'Description' of your episode.
5. Optionally click the 'Timezones' button to select a time zone for others you want to invite to your episode who live in other locations. For example, if you have a friend that lives in Manchester, UK that you want to invite to your show, you can add that person's time zone to the invite so they know when your show is in their time zone. Click the "Save" button when finished.
6. When finished entering in your episode information, click the "Next" button.
Invite People (optional):
The next page will allow you to select the Contacts you would like to send invitations to. Note that it is not necessary for someone to receive an email invite in order for them to take part in your episode.
You can type or paste an email address in the field at the top or if you already have contacts in your address book, click the 'Add' button next to those you wish to send invitations to. You can also remove participants by clicking on 'Remove' next to the relevant contact.
Choose Dial-In Numbers:
Clicking on "Next" will bring you to a page where you can choose to add additional dial-in numbers to your invitation. This is useful if you have callers in other countries. Just scroll through the list to find the number you need or type a location in the search field at the top. If you don't need to add more numbers, just click on "next".
Summary & Schedule:
The final page will show a summary of your call details and preferences. If you want to change anything, just click on "Back". Once you are happy that everything is correct, simply click on "Schedule".
A confirmation page will appear with links to add the call to your calendar. You can close this window and then return to your account homepage. A confirmation mail will be sent to you, and your participants will receive their invitation emails with the call-in details and dial-in numbers.


text:
The water flow through the 'Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum' is a dynamic process: transpiration losses are not always equal to water uptake from the soil. A non-steady state mathematical model will be designed based on measurements of sap flow, water potential and stem fluctuations of young model trees (Quercus robur L., Fagus sylvatica L. en Pinus sylvestris L.) in a controlled environmment. All model parameters will receive anatomical/morphological meaning. This mathematical model will be validated.
water flow, dynamic model, soil-plant-atmosphere continuum
|Laboratory of Plant Ecology||unknown|
created:2011-12-14 14:18:59 UTC, source:iweto

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Design Buzz
Pour Cost: What It Means and Why It's So Important to Bar Profits
What does the term pour cost mean? In this article we'll define the meaning of pour cost and discuss why it's one of the keys to profitability for every bar.
One of the most shocking conversations I have with bar managers is their lack of understanding the meaning of the term pour cost. Worse yet, they've been selected to manage someone else's hard-earned money. This edition of the Design Buzz defines pour cost, how it's calculated, and why this and accurate inventory methods are the keys to bar profitability
Pour cost is a term developed by the hospitality industry and is defined as the amount of alcohol to make a drink to its selling price, and is expressed as a percentage. In reality, this is what's known as ideal pour cost percentage. Many bar owners and managers who are cognizant of the term pour cost, but don't understand its true meaning, often fall into the trap of using percentages they've heard or read. It's not uncommon to hear people say that their pour cost is 30%, without having a clue how it's really calculated. Often times, people simply think that that is the industry standard and they want to be like everyone else! The reality is there is another term that is even more important – actual pour cost, which I'll discuss below. The reason all of this is so important is because it enables you to monitor your true profitability. For now, first things first: let's understand the basics of pour cost.
How to Use Pour Cost to Calculate the Selling Price of Drinks
The way to calculate your ideal pour cost percentage for pricing drinks is a two-step process:
1. Take the number of shots you get out of a bottle and divide that quantity into the cost of the bottle to develop your unit cost.
2. Divide the unit cost by your desired selling price; this is your ideal pour cost.
3. Next you need to decide if you are tracking your ideal pour cost with or without sales tax. You should calculate it without sales tax as you can't keep that money.
A more direct and useful method is to divide the unit cost by the desired percentage; this will tell you your selling price for any given drink. Here's a useful example:
If you get 27 shots out of a bottle (a pour size of 1.25 oz) and the bottle cost is $7.50, then your unit cost per shot is 27.7 cents. If you want a "well" pour cost of 8%, then divide 27.7 by 8%, the desired drink price is $3.46. To develop the actual selling price (with sales tax), simply multiply this result by your state's sales tax. If your state sales tax is 10%, then multiply your desired drink price ($3.46) by 1.10, you arrive at a selling price to the customer of $3.81, which you may wish to round up to $4.00.
As you know, in the bar business we have different value groups and different pricing for each, so it's impossible to make consistent profit margins across the board. Simply stated, the art of upselling is where the greatest profit margins lie in the bar business; I discuss this is greater detail in a previous post in Design Buzz, which you can reference below. According to my good friend and industry expert, Chuck Deibel, among his hundreds of bar clients the ideal pour cost percentages for the various alcohol groups are as follows:
· Well liquor is around 10% or less.
· Call liquor will fetch in the 12% to 18% range.
· Top shelf will be in the high teens to mid 20's and Premium will be in the low-to-high 30's.
Chuck further states, "Depending on product mix and pricing, I see bottle beer anywhere from the mid 20's to mid 30's. Draft beer ranges from the high teens to the high 20's."
Related Posts:
Productive Bar Design: What Are The Most Profitable Drinks?
What Bar Owners Need to Know About Liquor Inventory Control
So far we've discussed the concept of ideal pour cost, and I also alluded to the term known as actual pour cost. Are you aware that over 85% of bar owners are losing 20% of their profits? Folks, this is NOT an infomercial! I know this sounds crazy, but this is a very well documented fact. Chuck Deibel, a CPA having performed thousands of inventory audits over 20 years, stated this in a 2014 State of Ohio Sales Tax Audit, which you can download below. The reason inventory loss runs rampant and undetected is due primarily to two factors:
· Extreme high profit margins cloud the owner's perception.
· The complexity of product mix and product pricing.
To illustrate the latter point, just think about the following:
· The various levels of pricing (well, call, top-shelf, premium, etc.).
· Also consider that you might be selling the same drink at different prices, such as Happy Hour and Daily Specials.
· You serve batch drinks in the form of margaritas, long island ice tea, etc.
Given all of the above, now consider attempting to calculate how much money you should make at the end of one shift. Oh, and by the way, how about those free drinks your bartenders are giving away (to increase their tips) and the over-pouring and other wasteful habits! Can you now tell me how much you should have made last night alone? You see, as a bar owner you are living in a parallel universe:
Not only are many bar professionals unaware of their ideal pour cost, most don't know their actual pour cost – the one that takes all of the above factors into account. There is a difference between ideal pour cost and actual pour cost, and the difference between the two results in the amount of your lost sales and inventory.
According to Deibel, "Many bar operators don't calculate their ideal cost for pricing and most, if not all, don't recalculate it on an ongoing basis. Not doing so can cost you thousands of dollars."
pdfColumbus Bar 1st Audit Report
pdfColumbus Bar 4th Audit Report
Why BevInco Inventory Control Can Help Bar Owners Improve Profitability
So just why is knowing your actual pour cost so important? For one, the odds are that you're amongPhoto of Typical BevInco Audit Report the more than 85% of all bar owners who is losing 20% of their inventory. Worse yet, the stability of your business could become impaled if you are ever audited by your state liquor authority. Although the state allows for shrinkage (according to the above-mentioned state tax audit), it's far less than the amount you are probably losing. The state expect its tax based on the amount of shrinkage they allow, and unless you're up-to-date of your actual pour cost (and tightening your inventory controls), an audit fine of $98,000 is not uncommon, as stated in a previous blog post, referenced below.
There is a routine method of calculating your actual pour cost, and that is a unique service offered by noted industry expert BevInco. BevInco, which operates an international network of factory-trained local dealers, innovated a systematic methodology of helping bar owners calculate their actual pour cost and shrinkage. The mystery of knowing everything about your inventory, shrinkage – and ultimately your actual pour cost – can, in fact, be unraveled. Your local BevInco dealer performs an on-premise inventory service by systematically entering all of your drink and batch recipes into their proprietary software and also weighing all open bottles, batches and kegs. The result computed by the software is the actual pour cost. There is no other way to compute actual pour cost. With BevInco, you get meaningful pour cost information; a sample report (shown above) can be downloaded below. BevInco clients frequently reduce their shrinkage from 20% to 2-3% within the first four months!
As you can see, unless you know exactly what you've sold there is no way of knowing your actual pour cost, and certainly no way of knowing the habits of your bar staff. It's critical to the success of your bar to get in control of your pour cost and inventory.
Related Posts:
Productive Bar Design: State Audit Peace of Mind With BevInco
Easybar Liquor Control Systems for Maximum Bar Profitability
Easy Ice: Ice Machine Subscriptions for Bars & Nightclubs
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Sprinklers in the Basement
Parked cars have tanks full of fuel. Controlling a fire in such an environment is very critical. This is the reason why there are two types of sprinklers in the basement. The kind that are installed in your apartment that automatically turn on when they reach 68º Celsius and another type call Water Curtain Nozzles.
Water Curtain Nozzles do not contain a glass bead, they are a specific type of sprinkler head that creates a linear spray of water that resembles a curtain. These sprinklers are manually triggered by personnel at the Fire Control Panel. Here's how it works.
The basements are compartmentalised into zones of 3000 sqm area. Each zone is enclosed by a series of Water Curtain Nozzles that when turned on, effectively encase the zone in a curtain of water. This mitigates fire travel to a great degree. If a temperature of 68 degrees triggers any one of the regular sprinklers, an alarm will flash on the fire panel indicating the exact zone which needs to be cordoned off by the water curtains. Once first responders reach the panel they can manually trigger the water curtains in that specific zone.


any point of time with the other group given a placebo/different treatment. A hazard ratio of 1 indicates no difference in survival while a ratio greater or lesser than 1 indicates one of the groups has a better survival.
 - Methylation index (MI): It is a reflection of the fraction of genes methylated. It is a ratio of the total number of genes methylated to the total number of genes analyzed. MI can be used to predict the risk of cancer.
Written By
Sudhakar Jha, Deepa Rajagopalan, Shainan Hora and Shweta Pradip Jadhav
Reviewed: 14 November 2016 Published: 05 April 2017


Will they Buy or just Browse? Predicting Purchase Intentions of Online Shoppers with Python
Many online shops welcome countless visitors each day. However, only a fraction of these visitors will actually make a purchase. The rest just browses through the websites and does not make a transaction. This blog post is dedicated to the use of machine learning to predict whether or not visitors of an online shop will actually make a purchase. Predicting purchase intentions is a relevant use case in the area of online marketing and sales. Knowing which of the many customers who visit a shop actually buy something is very relevant for online shops. This is because the differences and similarities between groups can reveal patterns in customer buying behavior and thus contribute to a better understanding of the buying decision. Online shops can use this knowledge to optimize marketing activities and the customer experience in order to achieve higher conversion rates.
Predicting Purchase Intentions
A classification mode that predicts the buying intention of online shoppers
Predicting purchase intentions
This blog post guides you through the process of building a classification model using Python and Scikit-Learn that can predict the purchase intentions of online shoppers. We will assume a two-class prediction problem where the point is to predict the labels "buys" and "does not buy" for a group of visitors. Such two-class problems can be approached with different machine learning algorithms. In this blog post, we will use Logistic Regression. Because it is a best practice, the categories "buys" and "does not buy" will be converted into boolean values. Consequently, each customer is labelled with either True or False in the training data.
The example covers the following steps:
 - 1) Download the data
 - 2) Load the data into Python
 - 3) Explore the data
 - 4) Train a logistic regression model that classifies online shoppers buying intentions
 - 5) Evaluating model performance
Python Environment
This tutorial assumes that you have setup your python environment. I recommend using the Anaconda environment. If you have not yet set the environment up, you can follow this tutorial.
It is also assumed that you have the following packages installed: keras (2.0 or higher) with Tensorflow backend, numpy, pandas, matplot, sklearn. The packages can be installed using the console command:
pip install
1) Download the data
The first step is to download the data. In this tutorial we will work with a public dataset from kaggle. You can download the data via the link below:
Copy the csv file into the following path, starting from the folder with your python notebook: data/classification-online-shopping/
2) Load the data into Python
The dataset consists of feature vectors belonging to 12333 sessions from a public online shop. Each session of the dataset belongs to a different user in a 1-year period. In this way, it is ensured that there is no tendency in the data, for example to a specific period, user or day to avoid. The dataset consists of 10 numerical and 8 categorical attributes. The 'Revenue' attribute will be used as the class label, also called "prediction label".
In addition, the dataset contains the following features (information taken from the dataset site on kaggle.com):
 - "Administrative", "Administrative Duration", "Informational", "Informational Duration", "Product Related" and "Product Related Duration" represent the number of different types of pages visited by the visitor in that session and total time spent in each of these page categories.
 - The "Bounce Rate", "Exit Rate" and "Page Value" features represent the metrics measured by "Google Analytics" for each page in the e-commerce site.
 - The "Special Day" feature indicates the closeness of the site visiting time to a specific special day (e.g. Mother's Day, Valentine's Day)
 - The dataset also includes operating system, browser, region, traffic type, visitor type as returning or new visitor, a Boolean value indicating whether the date of the visit is weekend, and month of the year.
Run the following code to load the csv file into a dataframe named "dfshopping".
# Setting up packages for data manipulation and machine learning
import calendar
import math
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import cm, pyplot
import sklearn as sk
from sklearn import tree
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split as train_test_split
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier
from sklearn.datasets import make_classification
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler
from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix, roc_curve, auc, roc_auc_score
import seaborn as sns
# Load train data
# label: Revenue
filepath = "data/classification-online-shopping/online_shoppers_intention.csv"
dfshopping = pd.read_csv(filepath)
3) Exploring the data
Next, we'll explore the dataset and familiarize ourselves with the features. Usually not all features help in the development of classification models. It is often helpful to make a preselection. The distribution of the values in the individual features can give an indication of which features correlate with each other. Furthermore, outliers can influence the training process. Getting familiar with the features is therefore an important step to optimize machine learning models.
# Exploring the data
# Checking the balance of labels
As we can see, there are much more cases in the data with a prediction "false". This is plausible because as mentioned, there are more visitors who won't actually buy something. Such imbalanced data can lead to a possible misinterpretation of the performance of the classification model that we are about to build. But now that we are aware of the fact that we are working with imbalanced data, we can later choose appropriate evaluation metrics.
We proceed by making some value and type conversions.
# Replacing visitor_type to int
dfshopping = dfshopping.replace({'VisitorType' : { 'New_Visitor' : 0, 'Returning_Visitor' : 1, 'Other' : 2 }})
# Coverting month column to numeric numeric values
df = dfshopping.copy()
monthlist = dfshopping['Month'].replace('June', 'Jun')
mlist = []
m = np.array(monthlist)
for mi in m:
 a = list(calendar.month_abbr).index(mi)
df['Month'] = mlist
In an additional step, we will remove all records with 'na' values.
# Delete records with NAs
Running the following code will create whisker plots for all features in the dataset.
# Whiskerplots
c = 'black'
df.drop('Revenue', axis=1).plot(kind='box', subplots=True, layout=(4,4), sharex=False, sharey=False, figsize=(14,14),
 title='Whister plot for input variables')
Feature boxplots
Next, we take a look at the histograms. Histograms are a way to visualize the distribution of numerical or categorical variables of a dataset. They are useful in the process to familiarize oneself with the data as they give a rough sense of the density of a distribution. To create the histograms, run the code below.
# Histograms
df.drop(['Revenue', 'Weekend'], axis=1).hist(bins=30, figsize=(14, 14), color='blue')
plt.suptitle("Histogram for each numeric input variable", fontsize=10)
Feature histograms
4) Training a logistic regression model that classifies online shoppers buying intentions
Now that we are familiar with the dataset, we can begin to prepare the data and train a classification model. First, we need to split the data into different train and test data sets. The train dataset (x_train) will use 70% of the data. The test dataset (y_test) will use the remaining 30% of the data. The datasets y_train and y_test contain the respective prediction labels.
After splitting the data, we will use the MinMaxScaler to scale the numeric features to a range between 0 and 1. This is a best practice in machine learning.
# Separate labels from training data
features = ['Administrative', 'Administrative_Duration', 'Informational',
 'Informational_Duration', 'ProductRelated', 'ProductRelated',
 'ProductRelated_Duration', 'BounceRates', 'ExitRates', 'PageValues',
 'Month', 'Region', 'TrafficType', 'VisitorType']
X = df[features] _TAG_ data
y = df['Revenue'] _TAG_ label
# Split the data into x_train and y_train data sets
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, train_size=0.7, random_state=0)
scaler = MinMaxScaler()
X_train = scaler.fit_transform(X_train)
X_test = scaler.transform(X_test)
Now, that we have prepared the data, we can train the logistic regression model. This can be done with the "fit" function of the logistic regression model.
# Training a classification model using logistic regression
logreg = LogisticRegression(solver='lbfgs')
score = logreg.fit(X_train, y_train).decision_function(X_test)
The trained model returns a training score that tells us how good the model has performed on the test dataset.
5) Evaluating model performance
The evaluation of model performance is an essential step in model development. The metrics tell us how good our model is at predicting the purchase intentions of online shoppers. As we will see, the distribution of classes in the data plays a major role in the evaluation of our model. In particular, the question is whether


What Role Do Local Regulators Play with the Implementation of SMA?
 - Ruben Cohen, Model Risk at Bank of America Merrill Lynch
 - 07.10.2016 09:17 am
Ahead of the 7th Annual Operational Risk Management Forum, read here an interview with Mr. Ruben Cohen, Independent Consultant, about the role of local regulators in the implementation of SMA and the impact SMA will have on capital.
What role do local regulators play with the implementation of SMA?
There is a huge difference between the implementation of the AMA and SMA. The AMA, with its large number of moving parts and adjustable parameters, which could easily run into the hundreds, is so convoluted that local regulators placed much emphasis on trying to understand its configuration, making sure it is implemented correctly and not being misused.
The SMA, on the other hand, is highly prescriptive, with all of its parameters clearly and transparently defined. So there is little room for manoeuver when it comes to its implementation. The local regulators' role in the implementation of the SMA would, therefore, be more focused on checking if the correct data are being used in the capital calculation process, because this is the only place that the numbers can be played with.
What are the new requirements and what impact will SMA have on capital?
Several research papers have already appeared on this subject, assessing the impact of the SMA on capital. The main conclusion of most of these is that the SMA causes an uplift in the aggregate capital in comparison with the AMA capital across a consortium of banks, with some increasing and others decreasing. This means that some banks will be over insured and others underinsured against operational risk in comparison to their AMA capital, but this assumes that the AMA capital is correct and the SMA is not. The studies also show an apparent bias of the SMA in favour of the US against the European banks.
What is the future of operational risk modelling following the SMA?
Focus will be on simplicity, consistency and transparency. Given the highly prescriptive and transparent nature of the SMA, it will be easier for local regulators to better understand the models and determine, on the spot, whether the numbers generated do or do not make sense. This way, regulatory checks and feedback will be much swifter, with time scales spent on regulatory reviews significantly shorter.
The SMA will also enable the risk managers to use the models independently, without having to rely on the op risk quants to generate the numbers. The SMA will therefore make communications between management and the modelling teams more interactive and, certainly, much less intimidating due to its more simple and transparent nature.
Will the SMA have to evolve or change after it is officially launched?
Absolutely! Recent research shows that the SMA has a number of flaws. However, many of these flaws were found with a strong bias towards keeping the AMA and getting rid of the SMA altogether.
If there is no choice but to bring in the SMA in its current, proposed form, changes will have to be made to it and
one of them is to shift it more towards an LDA-type equation, albeit at the entity level and excluding all the details that have plagued the AMA and the complications that led to its downfall. The AMA route, with all the baggage it carries, is now very likely going out of the window and the way forward is to make simplicity, consistency and transparency a major focus in the next generation of op risk capital models, whether it's the proposed SMA or a different version of it.
What would you like to achieve by attending the 7th Annual Operational Risk Management Forum Conference?
These conferences are the best places to meet people who share your interests, ideas and expertise. So they are ideal for learning something new, getting up to speed and networking.
Other Interviews


text:
We have already developed a novel disposable bioassay device based on the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptaking activity of human hepatoblastoma Hep G2 cells in our previous work. However, this device is not readily applicable to evaluate river water toxicity on-site because it cannot be preserved for more than one week. In this work, we developed the method for preservation of the device to enable it to be preserved for at least one month. The device can be supplied to individual environmental sites without any facilities for cell culture. We can evaluate river water toxicity by 2 hours of exposure after thawing. Therefore, this kind of device could be a promising tool for daily water quality management.
This content is only available as a PDF.
© IWA Publishing 2002


text:
Digital asset data analytics company Inca Digital will study the national security implications of digital assets under a one-year contract with the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), according to ad the company on September 23. DARPA is the R&D branch of the United States Department of Defense.
Inca Digital will work on a project called "Digital Financial Asset Impact Mapping", which aims to create a "cryptocurrency ecosystem mapping tool" to provide information to the US government and commercial companies.
In addition to studying potential money laundering and sanctions evasion, the project will contribute to the understanding of the interaction between traditional and digital financial systems, the flows of money in and out of blockchain systems, and other uses of blockchain. cryptocurrency in areas of concern to the US government. Inca Digital CEO Adam Zarazinsky said in the announcement:
"The Department of Defense and other federal agencies need to have better tools to understand how digital assets operate and how to leverage their jurisdictional authority over digital asset markets globally."
DARPA program manager Mark Flood declared to The Washington Post: "DARPA is not in the business of surveillance. I emphasize that in this investigation we are careful not to engage in personally identifiable information."
DARPA has been studying blockchain technology for several yearsboth because of its security implications and because it is a potential tool for its own purposes. In June, it partnered with Trail of Bits to analyze to what extent blockchains are decentralized and what are their vulnerabilities.
Inca received a Phase II Small Business Innovation Research for the project. The company is the developer of the Nakamoto Terminal, a system used by the United States Commodity Futures Trading Commission for market surveillance. It was founded by former Interpol analysts in 2009.
Clarification: The information and/or opinions expressed in this article do not necessarily represent the views or editorial line of Cointelegraph. The information set forth herein should not be taken as financial advice or investment recommendation. All investment and commercial movement involve risks and it is the responsibility of each person to do their due research before making an investment decision.
Investments in crypto assets are not regulated. They may not be suitable for retail investors and the full amount invested may be lost. The services or products offered are not aimed at or accessible to investors in Spain.


text:
Chadwell St Mary is a village in the unitary authority of Thurrock, in southern Essex. This part of the county contains a high proportion of prehistoric settlement. This volume describes the archaeological excavation of a site to the east of Chadwell St Mary and the late Bronze Age and Anglo-Saxon settlements that were recorded there. The Bronze Age settlement contains a ringwork or 'Springfield style enclosure', relatively rare sites with a restricted geographical distribution, and is significant because of its proximity to the similar site at Mucking. This volume examines the function of such enclosures, their significance in the landscape of southern Essex, and looks, in general, at our current understanding of the utilisation of the Bronze Age landscape. The small Anglo-Saxon settlement is of significance due to its potential relationship with the larger contemporary settlement at Mucking. The book examines Anglo-Saxon structures and settlement form and layout.
Andrew A. S. Newton studied archaeology at the University of Bradford , carrying out an MPhil on the relationship between politics and archaeology at the same institution. He has worked for Archaeological Solutions since 2005, contributing to numerous post-excavation projects in East Anglia and the south-east of England.
Contributors: Nicholas J. Cooper, Julie Curl, Danielle Hall, Kathren Henry, Simon G. Lewis, Thomas Light, Andrew Peachey, Adam Stanford, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC), John R. Summers, Peter Thompson.
'The Chadwell St Mary Ringwork is a strong contribution to a major class of Late Bronze Age monuments (ringworks) whose purpose is still debated and only a few of whom have been properly investigated. The book will be of key interest to prehistorians across northwest Europe.' Dr Ben Roberts, Durham University


text:
- Service: SmartBall - Gas Leak Detection
- Client: TransCanada Pipelines
- Project Date: 2010
- Type of Pipeline: Natural Gas
- Diameter: 16-inch
- Pipe Material: Steel
- Length: 68.9 KM
- Flow Rate: 3 meters/second
Pure Technologies completed a demonstration inspection of a portion of the Grande Prairie Mainline gas transmission pipeline for TransCanada Pipelines. The inspection was conducted as a trial of the capabilities of the SmartBall leak detection tool in gas pipelines. Highly sensitive leak detection capabilities have already been field proven in liquid hydrocarbons pipelines, though few inspections have been conducted in gas lines to date.
The Grande Prairie mainline is a 16-inch natural gas transmission pipeline. The SmartBall inspection covered the distance between the Elmworth compressor station through to the Gold Creek metering station, spanning a distance of some 68.9KM of pipeline.
he 10-inch SmartBall core was placed inside a 14-inch open-cell foam overshell to conduct the inspection. Flow velocities were higher than typical SmartBall inspections at just under 3 meters per second. Standard pig tracking crews and equipment were used to track the tool throughout the inspection.
A generously sized simulated leak was created at a valve location approximately 30KM into the inspection, to test the SmartBall's leak detection ability in a gaseous environment.


text:
The Cicadas Are Coming! The Cicadas Are Coming!
WNYC, one of New York City's flagship public radio stations, is inviting families, students, classes, and nature lovers to join its massive citizen science project, Cicada Tracker. For between $8 and $80 and a couple hours of time, citizen scientists create their own soil-temperature sensor, send their data to WNYC, and have it mapped online.
- Cicada Tracker is a citizen science project. "Citizen science," writes Daniel Edelson, the vice president of education programs at the National Geographic Society, "is the name for scientific research projects that engage members of the public in some aspect of their research." How do students think the citizen scientists of Cicada Tracker are engaging or helping with real scientific research? (The biggest asset is sheer volume: Crowdsourced data provides a larger sample size than the cicada researchers could manage on their own. In this case, the data provided by citizen scientists help researchers predict when cicadas will emerge from their 17-year sleep by tracking where the ground is reaching the key temperature of 64 degrees Fahrenheit (17.8 degrees Celsius). At that temperature, scientists know cicadas will emerge.)
- Cicada Tracker is actually a perfect example of what Edelson calls community geography—where crowdsourced data is "georeferenced." How do students think citizen scientists' data is georeferenced in Cicada Tracker? (Each piece of data—in this case, soil temperature—is plotted on an online map.)
- Most citizen science projects involve outdoor data collection. Read our encyclopedia entry on citizen science. Have students list some of the diverse citizen science projects (Christmas Bird Count, BioBlitz, Earthdive, Project BudBurst, BugGuide, FrogWatch USA, NestWatch, etc.) and tools (FieldScope) listed there. Read through our extensive collection of instructional material on BioBlitz, Nat Geo's annual citizen science project conducted with the National Park Service, and our "Neighborhood BioBlitz" activity. What local area do students think is a good area for a bioblitz? (A park or other biodiverse area.) What organisms do students think they will encounter there? Follow through with the activity, and see how the results compare with their predictions.
- Not all citizen science projects are nature-based. Re-read the encyclopedic entry and have students list projects that do not have an ecology or earth-science component. (SETI@home, which searches for extraterrestrial intelligence, was one of the first citizen science projects. Urban Sensing collects data about the culture and technology of Los Angeles. Ancient Lives has students transcribe ancient Greek texts.) Can students think of a citizen science project in which they could participate locally? Read our blog entry on "kid-sourcing" to get inspired! (Local colleges, as well as bird-watching and photography groups, can be good sources of information on ongoing citizen science projects. Scientific American also maintains an updated, excellent listing of citizen science projects. If you're on the East Coast, of course, there's Cicada Tracker!)
Note: We're experimenting with a new feature here on the NG Education Blog. "Current Event Connection" posts will connect educators with news stories and relevant discussion ideas featuring content from the NG Education website.


text:
|Home » Curriculum » Grammar Stage Art History
A Child's History of Art
V. M. Hillyer
Divided into three sections: painting, sculpture, and architecture, V. M. Hillyer's art history for children is just as engaging as his famous history for children. Each section covers the history of that art form chronologically, beginning with ancient civilizations. With chapter titles such as "Ü and Jr." for the chapter describing Albrecht Dürer and Hans Holbein the Younger, or "Speaking of Spaniards" for the chapter describing El Greco, Velasquez, and Murillo, the book is full of interesting details that help children distinguish the differences between artists and their styles. It is illustrated with a representational painting or sculpture for each artist studied, or each style discussed. Additional works that are famous or might be of interest are mentioned in the text, and can be looked up at one of the museum sites listed below. This book is an excellent overview of the subject for all grades in the grammar stage.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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TRUTH About Bodybuilder Gear Supplement
TRUTH About Bodybuilder Gear Supplement
What is GEAR and How Does it Help in Bodybuilding? what is the gear in bodybuilding?
GEAR is the name that is used for denoting the most effective bodybuilding supplement to have been formulated for building lean muscle mass at warp speed. Leading bodybuilders from across the globe are always looking for ways and means for increasing their existing muscle size using the best supplements.
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1. You Are Missing Nutrients
In order to build muscles, you need to use a supplement which has the potential to allow the nitrogen to remain within your muscle groups for a longer duration. To develop the muscles of a human body, you need to try and take amino acids regularly. You can increase your muscles by using a supplement that can retain the nitrogen levels in your muscle groups. The proteins which we eat pass through the large intestines and then the small intestines before being absorbed into our bloodstream is her in bodybuilding.
2. The Advantage Of Super Plasma Serum
Supplements which contain a high quantity of super plasma serum have a greater chance of helping people develop muscles as this ingredient is already present in the blood plasma of a human body. Hence, supplements such as GEAR, which contain super plasma serum, can help your muscles grow by more than 20%. As this can be disbursed all across the intestinal tract of the human body, the chances of an individual gaining lean muscle mass increase four folds as greater dispersion leads to greater nitrogen retention in the human body. At the same time, super plasma serum contains four times the proteins which are present in eggs, weigh, and meat.
3. Hydrolyzed Protein Concentrate
Whenever you are planning to build strong and lean muscles, you need to try and understand that this is only possible if you train your muscles in the most appropriate manner and eat the required diet. Unless and until your protein supplement has adequate amounts of pre-digested proteins, you simply cannot increase your existing muscle mass at warp speed.
Hence, you need to use only those supplements which have adequate amounts of hydrolyzed protein concentrate as your body does not require digesting the protein by breaking it down into smaller molecules. As far as the taste is concerned, hydrolyzed protein concentrate tastes horrible and hence, it should only be consumed in the form of an edible capsule.
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While proteins are supposed to be the building blocks for muscles, it is, in reality, BCAA's which help your muscles grow at warp speed. Branch chain amino acids have a natural tendency to convert into glutamine, which in turn is the most important muscle-building protein in the human body.
GEAR does not contain glutamine because in its natural form, glutamine is not utilized by the human body and almost 99% o it is wasted. Hence, glutamine formulated after the digestion of branch chain amino acids is supposed to be the most effective form of building human muscle. In GEAR, you also get an additional dose of L-Lucine, which in turn allows muscle growth at warp speed.
5. Weigh Fraction Peptides
Fractioned peptides are also supposed to be the most effective means of building human muscle at warp speed as they contain high concentrations of Lactoferrin and Immunoglobulins. The fractioned form permits the amino acids to slit up before separating within the digestive tract of the human body.
Intestines are like a huge sponge that permits the dissolution and distribution of proteins within the human body and hence when an individual takes GEAR, he can build greater muscle mass as weigh fraction peptides create nitrogen sub-particles, which in turn are dispersed and then magnified within the intestinal tract of the human body.
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This body-building supplement is undoubtedly a breakthrough in the scientific development of the human body. The inclusion of Bromelain has also ensured that the proteins are fully absorbed by the human body. At the same time, the inclusion of amino gen makes sure that the free forms of amino acids derived from wholesome food are liberated within the human body's digestive tract. The usage of this supplement is also diverse and it can be used in numerous ways
Ideally, this bodybuilding supplement can be used in between meals in the form of a meal replacement drink. This ensures that your muscles are provided with the essential nitrogen levels at all times. In order to prevent catabolizm, you can also have it before your workout cession in the form of a pre-workout drink.
At the same time, you may also use it post your workout cession to provide the missing energy to your exhausted muscle groups. In fact, these capsules can be had along with any meal in order to ensure that your muscles get the required flow of nitrogen on a regular basis. what is gear in
The biggest problem which most aspiring bodybuilders face while trying to develop their physique is the inability to build adequate muscle mass. The reason for this is the absence of a suitable protein supplement. Hence, whenever you want to build your muscles without actually bothering to get trapped in the use of steroids, you need to make sure that you use the very best protein supplement available in the online market.
GEAR has been used by millions of individuals the world over and it is also considered to be the 1 food supplement in the world and it is used mainly by individuals who want to build lean muscle mass at warp speed. Just remember that in order to build muscles, you need to fuel your muscles with the required amounts of proteins and hence, you need to choose the most appropriate protein supplement available in the market.
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Table of Contents Title


Why am I not getting any push notifications from my SecurlyHome app?
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text:
The Magic School Bus™ Kit Series: Blasting Off with Erupting Volcanoes
Ms. Frizzle and her students take Young Scientists on a wild ride while blasting off with erupting volcanoes. Young Scientists learn about the layers of the Earth, study tectonic plate movement, explore different volcanic shapes and eruptions, make real pumice float, create the ultimate "lava" mixture, paint and explode a volcano, and much, much more! This explosive kit includes a colorful poster with volcanic facts, pictures, and stickers. Seatbelts, everyone! Get ready to Blast off with Exploding Volcanoes!

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Tromping up a mountain to learn about backcountry ski mountaineering racing, host Dr. North gets a real workout. Having just flown in from Hong Kong, Dr. North has no winter gear, so borrows Strafe's Highlands Jacket. The waterproof jacket proves to keep the good doctor warm in 30 degree weather, and as he starts to work up a sweat, he discovers just how important breathability is in a jacket.
The key to staying comfortable is staying dry. While waterproof materials keep water from getting into a jacket, breathable materials allow water to escape from the inside of the jacket. Ideally you want both, and this is what Polartec's Neoshell does. During rigorous activity a person will start sweating to cool themselves, this sweat turns into water vapor inside the jacket. To allow the water vapor to escape, Neoshell has microscopic pores big enough to allow the water vapor to escape, and small enough to keep water out. By allowing the water vapor to escape, Dr. North remains dry inside the jacket, allowing him to stay warm and feeling good!


text:
The United Kingdom has seen a major turnaround in HIV diagnosis figures, which declined 18 percent between 2015 and 2016 after rising steadily since the mid-1990s. Additionally, the 56 Dean Street clinic, a sexual health clinic in London that diagnoses one in nine HIV cases in the United Kingdom and half of the capital's cases among MSM has charted an 80 percent drop in its monthly diagnosis rate since mid-2015.
According to newly released figures from Public Health England (PHE), 5,164 people were diagnosed with HIV in the United Kingdom in 2016, compared with 6,286 in 2015. The annual diagnosis rate had risen almost unabated since hovering at about 2,900 between 1991 and 1998.
Diagnoses among MSM increased from 2,850 in 2007 to 3,570 in 2015 and then in 2016 finally fell by 21 percent, to 2,810.
According to PHE, these declines are driven by a soaring rate of HIV test taking among MSM at sexual health clinics, including repeat testing among higher-risk men. In 2007, these clinics conducted 37,224 tests, a figure that hit 143,560 in 2016. Rising rates of antiretroviral (ARV) treatment among those living with HIV as well as the recent surge in the use of Truvada (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine) as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among MSM have likely been instrumental in the sudden turnaround in this demographic's diagnosis rate.
In certain key parts of London, HIV diagnoses declined by 29 percent between 2015 and 2016, from 1,554 to 1,096. The parts of the city that experienced the highest rates of testing and prompt access to ARV treatment saw the greatest declines diagnoses. At 56 Dean Street, 76 percent of people newly diagnosed with HIV begin treatment at their first medical appointment.
The 56 Dean Street clinic diagnosed a peak 72 HIV cases in June 2015, a figure that tumbled to just 11 in September 2017.
Between 2007 and 2015, the median CD4 count at the time of HIV diagnosis for MSM rose from 396 to 500, indicating that men were getting diagnosed earlier in the course of their infection.
To read the report, click here.


text:
A numerical valve model has been validated to predict the discharge capacity in accordance to the requirements of valve sizing method EN ISO 4126-1 and the opening characteristic of high-pressure safety valves. The valve is modeled with computational fluid dynamics software ANSYS CFX, and the model is extended with the Soave-Redlich–Kwong real-gas equation of state to allow calculations at pressures up to 3600 bar. A unique test facility has been constructed to perform valve function and capacity tests at operating pressures up to 600 bar with water and nitrogen. For gas flows, the numerical results and the experimental data on mass flow rates agree within 3%, whereas deviations in flow force are 12% on average. The inclusion of fluid-structure interaction in the numerical method improves the results for the flow force well and also gives insight into the valve dynamics of an opening safety valve. In a comparison between the experimentally and numerically determined liquid mass flow rates, a model extension accounting for cavitation reduces overpredictions by a factor of 2–20% for smaller disk lifts and decreases the deviations in flow force from 35 to 7%. At higher disk lifts, the effect of cavitation is less, and experimental and numerical mass flow rates agree within 4% and flow forces within 5%.
|Number of pages||14|
|Publication status||Published - Dec 2011|
- safety valve
- High pressure


Solaris 9 Installation Guide
Validating the custom_probes File
Before you can use a profile, rules, and custom_probes file, you must run the check script to validate that the files are set up correctly. If all profiles, rules, and probe and comparison functions are correctly set up, the rules.ok and custom_probes.ok files are created. Table 25–1 describes what the check script does.
Table 25–1 What Happens When You Use the check Script
check searches for a custom_probes file.
If the file exists, check creates the custom_probes.ok file from the custom_probes file, removes all comments and blank lines, and retains all Bourne shell commands, variables, and algorithms. Then, check adds the following comment line at the end:
# version=2 checksum=num
To Validate the custom_probes File
 1. Verify that the check script is located in the JumpStart directory.
 Note –
 The check script is in the Solaris_9/Misc/jumpstart_sample directory on the Solaris 9 DVD or on the Solaris 9 Software 1 of 2 CD.
 2. Change to the JumpStart directory.
 3. Run the check script to validate the rules and custom_probes files.
 $./check [[-p path -r file_name]]
 -p path
 Validates the custom_probes file by using the check script from the Solaris 9 software image for your platform instead of the check script from the system you are using. path is the image on a local disk or a mounted Solaris 9 DVD or Solaris 9 Software 1 of 2 CD.
 Use this option to run the most recent version of check if your system is running a previous version of Solaris.
 -r file_name
 Specifies a file name other than the one that is named custom_probes. By using the -r option, you can test the validity of a set of functions before integrating the functions into the custom_probes file.
 As the check script runs, the script reports the validity of the rules and custom_probes files and each profile. If no errors are encountered, the script reports: "The custom JumpStart configuration is ok" and creates the rules.ok and custom_probes.ok files in the JumpStart directory.
 4. Determine if the custom_probes.ok file is executable.
 - If yes, go to Step 5.
 - If no, type the following command:
 chmod +x custom_probes
 5. Ensure that root owns the custom_probes.ok file and that the permissions are set to 755.


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Optical radiation from shock-compressed materials and interfaces
Svendsen, Bob and Ahrens, Thomas J. and Bass, Jay D. (1987) Optical radiation from shock-compressed materials and interfaces. In: High‐Pressure Research in Mineral Physics: A Volume in Honor of Syun‐iti Akimoto. Geophysical Monograph Series. No.39. American Geophysical Union , Washington, D. C., pp. 403-423. ISBN _PHONE_. _URL_
Full text is not posted in this repository. Consult Related URLs below.
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Abstract
Recent observations of shock‐induced radiation from oxides, silicates, and metals of geophysical interest constrain the shock compressed temperature of these materials. In these experiments, a projectile impacts a target consisting of a metal driver plate, metal film or foil layer, and transparent window. We investigate the relationships between the temperature inferred from the observed radiation and the temperature of the shock‐compressed film or foil and/or window. Changes of the temperature field in each target component away from that of their respective shock‐compressed states occur because of: 1) shock‐impedance mismatch between target components, 2) thermal mismatch between target components, 3) surface roughness at target interfaces, and 4) conduction within and between target components. In particular, conduction may affect the temperature of the film/foil window interface on the time scale of the experiments, and so control the intensity and history of the dominant thermal radiation sources in the target. Comparing this model to experiments on Fe‐Fe‐Al_2O_3 and Fe-Fe‐LiF targets, we note that: 1) Fe at Fe‐Al_2O_3 interfaces releases from shock‐compressed states between 245 and 300 GPa to interface states between 190 and 230 GPa, respectively, with temperatures ≈200–2000 K above model calculations for Fe experiencing no reshock at smooth Fe‐Al_2O_3 interfaces. This is so for both Fe foils and films. Below 190 GPa, reshock heating does not apparently affect the temperature of Fe‐Al_2O_3 interfaces. In contrast, from the same range of shock states, Fe at Fe‐LiF interfaces releases to states between 130 and 160 GPa (because it has a lower shock impedance than Al_2O_3); the data and model imply that Fe experiences little or no reshock at Fe‐LiF interfaces up to 140 GPa (where the data end). Both the Fe‐Al_2O_3 data and the model suggest that the degree of reshock is strongly pressure dependent above the solid Fe‐liquid Fe phase boundary. LiF appears to be a more ideal window than Al_2O_3 also because it is a poorer thermal‐inertia match to Fe than is Al_2O_3. 2) In the absence of energy sources and significant energy flux from other parts of the target, the rate of change of the film/foil‐window interface temperature, (dT_(INT)/dt), is proportional to‐μexp(−μ2), where $$\mu \equiv \delta _{{\rm FW}} /2\sqrt {\kappa _{\rm F} t} ,\,\delta _{{\rm FW}}$$ is the thickness of the reshocked zone in the film/foil layer at the film/foil‐window interface, κ_F is the thermal diffusivity of the film/foil material, and 0≤t≤t exp (t exp is the time scale of the experiment). On this basis, the temperature of a thin $$(\delta _{{\rm FW}} \ll 2\sqrt {\kappa _{\rm F} t_{\exp } } )$$ reshockled layer relaxems much faster than that of a thick $$(\delta _{{\rm FW}} \gg 2\sqrt {\kappa _{\rm F} t_{\exp } } )$$ layer. We estimate $$\sqrt {\kappa _{\rm F} t_{\exp } } \sim 10\,\mu {\rm m}$$ for Fe under the conditions of Fe‐Al2O3 and Fe‐LiF interfaces at high pressure. In this case, a 100‐μm‐thick reshocked Fe layer would relax very little, remaining near T_(INT)(0) on the time scale of the experiment, while a 1‐μm‐thick reshocked Fe layer would relax almost instantaneously (i.e., on a time scale much less than t_(exp)) to a temperature just above T_(INT)(∞). 3) Greybody fits to an Fe‐Fe film‐Al_2O_3 experiment produce a gradually increasing effective greybody emissivity, $$\hat \varepsilon _{{\rm gb}} (t)$$, and a gradually decreasing greybody temperature, T_(gb)(t). This behavior is characteristic of most Fe‐Fe‐Al_2O_3 experiments. The decrease of T_(gb)(t) can be explained in terms of the model for the film/foil‐window interface temperature, T_(INT)(t). For this experiment, the model implies that the thickness of the reshocked film layer, δ_(FW), is approximately equal to the conduction length scale in the film, $$\sqrt {\kappa _{\rm F} t_{\exp } } ( \sim 10\,\mu {\rm m for}\,{\rm Fe})$$. Further, assuming T gb(t)=T INT(t), the greybody fit constrains the amount of reshock, ΔT_(FW), to ≲2000 K with σ_(WF), the film/foil‐window thermal mismatch, ∼0.1, and $$\delta _{{\rm FW}} \le 2\sqrt {\kappa _{\rm F} t_{\exp } }$$. A slight decrease of the Al2O3 absorption coefficient upon shock compression can explain the slight increase of $$\hat \varepsilon _{{\rm gb}} (t)$$ with time; this may be consistent with the observation that the refractive index of Al_2O_3 seems to decrease with pressure. 4) In contrast to the Fe‐Fe‐Al_2O_3 results, greybody fits to data from an Fe‐Fe foil‐LiF target show a relatively constant greybody temperature and a decreasing greybody emissivity. The constant greybody temperature implies a constant interface temperature, as expected for an interface experiencing minimal reshock, while the decaying $$\hat \varepsilon _{{\rm gb}} (t)$$ is consistent with a shock‐induced increase in the absorption coefficient of LiF. Setting T_(INT)(0)=T_(gb)(0), we fit a simplified version of the full radiation model to these data and obtain an estimate of the absorption coefficient (∼100 m^(−1)) of LiF shock‐compressed to 122 GPa.
Item Type:Book Section
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Additional Information:© 1987 by Terra Scientific Publishing Company (TERRAPUB).
Subject Keywords:Mineralogy and Crystal Chemistry; Phase transformations; High Pressure‐High Temperature Research
Series Name:Geophysical Monograph Series
Issue or Number:39
Record Number:CaltechAUTHORS:20181130-131437956
Persistent URL:_URL_
Official Citation:Svendsen, B. , Ahrens, T. J. and Bass, J. D. (2013). Optical Radiation from Shock‐Compressed Materials and Interfaces. In High‐Pressure Research in Mineral Physics: A Volume in Honor of Syun‐iti Akimoto (eds M. H. Manghnani and Y. Syono). doi:10.1029/GM039p0403
Usage Policy:No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.
ID Code:91376
Collection:CaltechAUTHORS
Deposited By: George Porter
Deposited On:09 Mar 2020 14:56
Last Modified:03 Oct 2019 20:34
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Criticality of the Higgs mass for the long-range quantum XY chain: Amplitude ratio between the Higgs and paramagnetic gaps
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
Abstract
The quantum XY spin chain with the interactions decaying as a power law 1∕r1+σ of the distance between spins r was investigated with the exact diagonalization method. Here, the constituent spin is set to S=1, which enables us to incorporate the biquadratic interactions so as to realize the order–disorder transition with the O(2) symmetry maintained. Thereby, in the ordered phase, we resolved the Higgs mass mH out of the Goldstone-excitation continuum by specifying Higgs-particle's quantum numbers to adequate indices. We then turn to the analysis of the critical amplitude ratio mH∕Δ (Δ: paramagnetic gap in the disordered phase). As the power of the algebraic decay σ increases, the amplitude ratio mH∕Δ gets enhanced gradually in agreement with the ϵ(=4−D)-expansion-renormalization-group result; here, we resort to the σ↔D relation advocated recently in order to establish a relationship between the renormalization-group result and ours.
Original languageEnglish
Article number121395
JournalPhysica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications
Volume527
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Aug 1 2019
Keywords
 - Critical amplitude ratio
 - Critical exponent
 - Long-range interactions
 - Quantum XY spin model
ASJC Scopus subject areas
 - Statistics and Probability
 - Condensed Matter Physics
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Western food dessert etiquette
At the end of the meal is
Western-style food dessert embellishment was called complete Western-style food, and dessert variety often eat sweets pudding, mousse, jelly, fruit etc..
pudding with eggs, milk, candy and a variety of fruits, dried fruit evenly baked. Such as: Kesi have pudding, raisin pudding.
class is a kind of Jiamusi making delicate ingredients in the mold made of food, many traditional dairy products, meat products, and fish development. Such as: pineapple, strawberry mousse Mousse cream.
jelly, such as cocoa jelly.
other classes, such as: chocolate Fuli su.
Western-style food to eat, if you eat dessert, there is no what etiquette is worth noting? Do not underestimate a little dessert to eat up, there are still a lot of etiquette, following a study small finishing on Western-style food dessert eating etiquette, for your reference.
1. ice cream
eat ice cream generally use a spoon. When eating with a cake or pie or as part of a meal, use a dessert fork and a dessert spoon
2. pie
usually use forks to eat fruit pies. But if the owner provides you with a fork and a dessert spoon, then use a fork to fix the pie, digging with a spoon to eat. Use a fork to eat a pie, unless the pie is ice cream, in this case, fork, spoon to use. If you're eating a cream pie, you'd better use a fork instead of a hand. To prevent the stuffing from leaking from the other end.
if the food can be used as a meat fork, if it is for dessert, use a spoon.
4. stewed fruit
use a spoon to eat stewed fruit, but you can use a fork to hold the fruit. The core of Mei Gan, Li Pu cherry, face to spit into the spoon and put in the tray.
5. boiled pear
use spoon and fork. With the fixed vertical fork spoon pear, pear dug convenient edible pieces.
fork can also be used to rotate the pear, so as to dig the pear meat. If there is only a spoon, hand rotating plate, the pear in the dish, with a spoon to scoop out the juice.


text:
Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of services running on remote hosts and local network infrastructure devices, including those that may be vulnerable to remote software exploitation. Common methods to acquire this information include port and/or vulnerability scans using tools that are brought onto a system.(Citation: CISA AR21-126A FIVEHANDS May 2021)
Within cloud environments, adversaries may attempt to discover services running on other cloud hosts. Additionally, if the cloud environment is connected to a on-premises environment, adversaries may be able to identify services running on non-cloud systems as well.
Within macOS environments, adversaries may use the native Bonjour application to discover services running on other macOS hosts within a network. The Bonjour mDNSResponder daemon automatically registers and advertises a host's registered services on the network. For example, adversaries can use a mDNS query (such as
dns-sd -B _ssh._tcp.) to find other systems broadcasting the ssh service.(Citation: apple doco bonjour description)(Citation: macOS APT Activity Bradley)


text:
Copyright © 2011 Boorapa Singha and Jintana Sanwong. This is an open access article distributed under the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Suppose that is an infinite set with and is the symmetric inverse semigroup defined on. In 1984, Levi and Wood determined a class of maximal subsemigroups (using certain subsets of ) of the Baer-Levi semigroup dom and. Later, in 1995, Hotzel showed that there are many other classes of maximal subsemigroups of, but these are far more complicated to describe. It is known that is a subsemigroup of the partial Baer-Levi semigroup. In this paper, we characterize all maximal subsemigroups of when, and we extend to obtain maximal subsemigroups of when.


What was the first camera phone
What was the first cell phone with a camera?
In 2002, the first phones with built-in cameras became publicly available, including the Nokia 7650 and the Sanyo SPC-5300. The Nokia phone boasted "a large 176×208 pixel colour display," according to a media release at the time.
When did phones first have cameras?
What was the first Nokia camera phone?
Nokia 7650
What was the first smartphone?
The first Android phone – released in 2008
The first Android device was the HTC Dream or the T-Mobile G1 if you were in the US. It had a sliding keyboard and had a multi-touch screen, though this wasn't supported on all devices, 3G, Wi-Fi and a three-megapixel camera.
What did the 1st cell phone look like?
The first phone weighed over two pounds.
What year did cell phones become popular?
Originally Answered: What year did cell phones become popular? Technology for mobile phones was first developed in the 1940s but it was not until the mid 1980s that they became widely available. By 2011, it was estimated in the United Kingdom that more calls were made using mobile phones than wired devices.
What was the first iPhone called?
iPhone 2G
When did phones get Internet?
The first access to the mobile web was commercially offered in Finland at the end of 1996 on the Nokia 9000 Communicator phone via the Sonera and Radiolinja networks. This was access to the real internet.
You might be interested: What is the live setting on iphone camera
How many photos can the first camera phones store?
20 pictures
Why did Nokia fail?
Excessive growth in the era 1996 – 2000:
This success can be considered as the main culprit of the failure of Nokia. The higher acceptance of the company's mobile phones in the market between years _PHONE_, made it difficult for the company to keep its supply chain intact.
What was the most popular Nokia phone?
Which Nokia has the best camera?
Nokia 7.2
Who is the biggest cell phone manufacturer?
What was the first touchscreen smartphone?
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text: This paper studies the pricing strategies for personalized product bundles. In such problems, a seller provides a variety of products for which customers can construct a personalized bundle and send a request for quote (RFQ) to the seller. The seller, after reviewing the RFQ, has to determine a price based on which the customer either purchases the whole bundle or nothing. Such problems are faced by many companies in practice, and they are very difficult because of the potential unlimited possible configurations of the bundle and the correlations among the individual products. In this paper, we propose a novel top-down and bottom-up approach to solve this problem. In the top-down step, we decompose the bundle into each component and calibrate a value score for each component. In the bottom-up step, we aggregate the components back to the bundle, define important features of the bundle, and segment different RFQs by those bundle features as well as customer attributes. Then we estimate a utility function for each segment based on historical sales data and derive an optimal price for each incoming RFQ. We show that such a model overcomes the aforementioned difficulties and can be implemented efficiently. We test our approach using empirical data from a major information technology service provider and the test result shows that the proposed approach can improve the effectiveness of pricing significantly.


text:
El Reno-Wesley celebrates Historic Site Designation
Amy Neathery, El Reno-Wesley Press Release
On Sunday April 24, Wesley United Methodist Church El Reno, Oklahoma celebrated and dedicated its designation as a Historic Site with significance to the Methodist Church. El Reno-Wesley is the eighth site in El Reno to receive Historic Site status from the Methodist Church's Commission on Archives and History, located in Madison, New Jersey.
The event began with a catered lunch and rolling slideshow of church history photographs dating back to the 1890s. After and introduction and prayer by Rev. Allen Carson, Amy Neathery, who helped El Reno-Wesley obtain Historic Site Status, revealed four commissioned pieces of art which were created by local photographer Ed Zweiacher. All four pieces depict the church's sanctuary, which held its first service on October 1, 1922. Neathery then read a letter from Leonard Jensen, detailing his memory of the church from the 1920s through 1980s. His earliest memory was from the age of five and witnessing the masons wearing their aprons and laying the cornerstone in 1921 on what was the "largest wall" he had ever seen. Neathery also explained the process for obtaining Historic Site status, noting it was a dream of former church member Carolyn Barker, who passed the project to Neathery and her husband Tommy when Barker became ill.
El Reno Mayor Matt White presented Barker with a posthumous key to the City of El Reno for her decades of historic research and preservation for the church, city, county, and state. Barker's daughter, Lea Barker Ervin, received the key and framed proclamation on her mother's behalf and expressed her gratitude for seeing Carolyn's dream become a reality.
Neathery then told the audience that El Reno-Wesley's Historic Site status was based on two factors that made the church historically significant. First, El Reno-Wesley traces its roots back to Rev. O. P. Light who was the first Christian minister of any denomination to preach a sermon in El Reno. Light came it El Reno in Oklahoma's 1889 land run and would preach on street corners and benches made from borrowed lumber. Second, El Reno-Wesley is home to the largest church merger of congregations formerly divided on political lines (primarily centered around slavery), which occurred in 1948 and impacted approximately 15% of the town's population.
Mayor White presented Wesley El Reno with a Certificate of Recognition declaring Light as the first Christian minister in El Reno and recognizing his historic significance to El Reno. El Reno City Planner Dustin Downey announced that El Reno is naming a walking trail after Light to honor his importance to the City's history. White also presented Light's great, great granddaughter, Kathy Alvis Patterson, with a key to the City. Patterson donated to El Reno-Wesley Light's journal from the late 1880s and early 1890s with his handwritten notes of sermons, expenses, salary, wife's death, and appointment to El Reno carefully inscribed.
The El Reno Chamber of Commerce presented El Reno-Wesley with a special recognition for its decades of sharing God's word in El Reno and beyond. Chamber Executive Director Karen Nance presented Carson and Neathery with the framed certificate.
The event continued with the opening of a time capsule that was sealed in 1977. The contents included church memorabilia from 1977 and 1909. The cornerstone holding the time capsule and about half of the capsule's contents were rescued after a 1975 fire destroyed the building of one of the two churches that merged almost 30 years earlier to become Wesley. Thankfully, the stained-glass windows belonging to the Methodist Church were removed when the building was sold, and several pieces of the original stained glass from the church that was engulfed in flames are on display at El Reno-Wesley and the nearby Canadian County Historical Museum.
The celebration then moved outside for the unveiling of the plaque denoting El Reno-Wesley as Historic Site 568 and all in attendance posed for a group picture on the Church's steps, which date back to 1921. Finally, everyone enjoyed cake in the courtyard and an opportunity to look at old photographs, posters telling the history of the church and building, and various church memorabilia on loan from the Museum and Neathery family or from the church's own archives.
"It was a heartwarming tribute to all who have delivered the good news of Jesus to our community, state, and world for over 100 years," said long-time church member Terry Parrot.
Member Dana Gibson added that she enjoyed learning so much new history and is excited for the day when her grandson, Jimmy Gibson, present at Sunday's event, will be involved in opening the next time capsule.
The Church memorabilia and history information were kept on display until May 5; the contents of the time capsule went on display shortly thereafter. The time capsule will be refilled and resealed on Oct. 2 in conjunction with the sanctuary's 100 year anniversary. A brochure depicting some of the church's history and its basis for obtaining Historic Site designation is available by the church offices.


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|PostgreSQL 8.2.23 Documentation|
|Prev||Fast Backward||Chapter 26. Monitoring Disk Usage||Fast Forward||Next|
The most important disk monitoring task of a database administrator is to make sure the disk doesn't grow full. A filled data disk will not result in data corruption, but it may well prevent useful activity from occurring. If the disk holding the WAL files grows full, database server panic and consequent shutdown may occur.
If you cannot free up additional space on the disk by deleting other things, you can move some of the database files to other file systems by making use of tablespaces. See Section 19.6 for more information about that.
Tip: Some file systems perform badly when they are almost full, so do not wait until the disk is completely full to take action.
If your system supports per-user disk quotas, then the database will naturally be subject to whatever quota is placed on the user the server runs as. Exceeding the quota will have the same bad effects as running out of space entirely.


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combined them together data has high SD.
I am trying to mesuare intracellular ROS with DCF dye in isolated lung cells from mice that have been treated with LPS for three days. The problem is that I have lower ROS production in LPS-treated mice than in naive mice, when it should be higher. We incubate the cells with 10 uM DHCF for 30 min at 37 degrees, then we wash the cells and mesuare the fluorescence by flow cytometry. Maybe there is another way to do it or there is something happening with the mitochondria? Maybe LPS induce mitochondria extrusion from the cell and we can not detect fluorescence?
I would like your opinion on using the complete() function of the mice package on R.
Theoretically, after multiple imputations, analyses should be performed on each imputed dataset, and then the results of the analyses should be pooled (see attached diagram).
However, I consider the complete() function. In summary, it permits generating a unique final dataset using the results of multiple imputations previously performed with the mice() function. This strategy is easy, "inexpensive," and allows us to manipulate only one dataset.
This is a concrete example of the usefulness of this strategy. I am conducting mixed-methods research in which I want to interview some participants after analyzing their responses to my survey. If my respondent John Doe did not answer to an item of a scale, I would risk having 5 plausible answers from John Doe after multiple imputations (if m=5, or 20 plausible responses if m=20, etc.). However, the complete() function will summarize the different estimates into one dataset (instead of 5, or 20, etc.). Basically, during an interview, I will be able to question John Doe based on his scale score computed with NA replacement. So I lose precision, but gain in ability to exploit the answers.
However, this approach seems problematic, as the literature does not support it well. In fact, except for this paper by van Buuren et al. (2011, cf. section 5.2), I cannot find any source that supports this approach:
van Buuren, S., & Groothuis-Oudshoorn, K. (2011). mice: Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations in R. Journal of Statistical Software, 45(3), 1-67. _URL_
Well, I'm stuck between a rock (a more rigorous approach, i.e. the pooling) and a hard place (a more practical approach, i.e. the complete() function). What do you think?
Hope to read you (and my apologies for my broken English)
I performed a western blot using different tissues from the mouse(brain,lung,liver,spleen,small intestine, colon, kidney, testis). However, I observed a significant amount of background on the membrane. Why is there more background in the tissues during the western blot, but none in the cell line? What are the differences between them, and how can I reduce the background in tissue samples in the western blot?
For protein isolation, I used RIPA buffer containing a 1X protease inhibitor. I homogenized the sample using a rotor-stator homogenizer and then centrifuged it at maximum speed at 4°C for 30 minutes.
For western blot sample preperation, I diluted samples 50 ug in 16 ul RIPA buffer containing 1X protease inhibitor. I added loading dye with 0.2M DTT then I boiled it at 85 °C for 5 min.
I performed 2 hours blocking step and then incubated overnight with the primary antibody ( I prepared with blocking buffer)
I used primary ab 1:1000 for anti-A protein(from rabbit) and 1:6000 for anti-actin(from mouse) For secondary ab, I used 1:15000 anti-rabbit and 1:15000 anti mouse.
To reduce the background, I checked the antibodies by performing three separate western blots. In the first western blot, I omitted the primary antibody to test the specificity of the secondary antibody. In the second western blot, I used a lower concentration of the primary antibody: 1:2000 for anti-A protein (from rabbit) and 1:6000 for anti-actin (from mouse).In the third experiment, I used tubulin, but I didn't observe any difference.
I am working to develop a Mac Elisa protocol that is able to capture the level of Immunoglobulin M (IgM) in mice infected with fungus T. marneffei. I've been mainly running into trouble with false positives from unspecific binding, but I've also had the opposite problem where I got a negative signal from a known positive control. As such, I've been tinkering with the concentration and incubation time of the reagents, including running a couple of concentration grids, but haven't found much success. I am wondering if anyone on here has much experience running or troubleshooting Mac Elisas, and has anything to suggest trying out! Thanks!
Step 1 (Coating): Anti-mouse IgM polyclonal antibody (5ug/ml), 100ul overnight @ 4 C
Step 2 (Blocking): Blocking buffer, 200ul for 2 hours at room temperature
Step 3 (Sample incubation): Mouse plasma (diluted 1:20), 100ul for 1 hour at 37 C
Step 4 (Antigen): Detect anti-MP1P mouse-IgM with Recombinant MP1P (0.1 ug/ml), 100ul for 1 hour at 37 C
Step 5: Detect immune-complex with Biotinylated anti-MP1P mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) (1:1000), 100 ul for 1 hour at 37 C
Step 6: Detect biotinylated anti-Mp1p mouse MAb with Stretavidin-HRP (1:2000), 100ul for 30 min at room temperature in the dark
Step 7: Detect HRP with TMB, 10 min at room temperature in the dark
Step 8: Stop activity of TMB with HCL 0.3M
Hello! I am planning to perform the Object Location Memory Test for mice. I have done the Novel Object Recognition Test before with a protocol my former lab used (four days in total: 1 day of habituation, 2 days of training (same objects) and last day of test (switching one object for a new one).
Which protocol would you recommend for the OLMT? I have seen different ones but I wonder if there is a main one people usually follow.
Hello -- does any one have any recommendations for medication delivery vehicles (food items) that have worked well for C57BL6/J mice. The drugs we plan to use are somewhat bitter. Our study also needs to avoid foods with fat so we cannot use nut butters, chocolate, or dairy products.
Thanks in advance.
Do I understand correctly that heterozygous Pmel mice have twice as less cells that carry anti-gp100 TCR? This should be right because of the allelic exclusion. If so, can one combine both homo and hetero mice in one experiment (if doesn't have enough homo) just by doubling the number of transferred hetero cells?
AS the cd4+ T cells of OT-II mice are specific for chicken ovalbumin 323-339 peptide,OVA protein plus Aluminum hydroxide adjuvant can lead to the specific proliferation of Th cells，why some articles also plus LPS to induce immune? Does LPS induce the non-specific proliferation of Th cells?


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- Philip Norman
Philip E Norman FSA (
9 July 1842- 17 May 1931) was a British artist, author and antiquary.
Born in 1842 in
Bromley, he was the son of George Warde Norman (_PHONE_) and brother of Frederick Henry Norman, the merchant banker.
He was educated at
Eton Collegewhere he was a notable cricketer, and where, at the age of 17, he won the 120 yards hurdlerace in the then record time of 18 seconds. He was later to play one season of first-class cricketin 1865 with the Gentlemen of Kent.
He was trained as a draughtsman and painter in watercolours at the
Slade School, often exhibiting at the Royal Academy. A large part of his work consisted of depicting parts of Londonthat he knew, particularly buildings or areas which stood as a survivor of a bygone past or which were about to be demolished. Norman also recorded the history of the buildings which he painted or photographed, and works such as "London Vanished and Vanishing", written in 1905, provide a fascinating record of bygone London. The historian Hermione Hobhousehas described Norman as one-third of the "triumvirate" of key figures whose works record the topography of London between 1890 and 1950, the others being Walter Hindes Godfrey and Percy Wells Lovell.
Norman was elected a
Fellowof the Society of Antiquaries in 1886, acting as Treasurer from 1897 to 1913 and Vice-President from 1913 to 1917.
He died in 1931 in
South Kensingtonat the age of 88. His photographs are now held by the National Monuments Recordand his watercolour paintings and drawings of London are kept by the Victoria and Albert Museum.
* "London Signs and Inscriptions", London: Elliot Stock, (1893)
* "London Buildings Photographed, _PHONE_", London Topographical Record II, (1903)
* "London Vanished and Vanishing", London: Adam & Charles Black, (1905)
* "Survey of London", London County Council, (1909)
* "Cromwell House Highgate: Its history and associations", London: John Murray, (1917)
* "The London City Churches", London: The London Society, (1929)
*cite journal |year=1931 |month=May 30 |title=Obituary: Philip Norman |journal=Notes and Queries |pages=396 |issn=0029-3970
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.


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Definitions for huddler
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
hud•dleˈhʌd l(v.; n.)-dled, -dling
(v.i.)to gather or crowd together in a close mass:
They huddled around the stove to get warm.
to crouch, curl up, or draw oneself together.
to confer or consult.
(v.t.)to heap or crowd together closely.
to draw (oneself) closely together, as in crouching; nestle (often fol. by up).
to put on (clothes) with careless haste (often fol. by on).
(n.)a closely gathered group, mass, or heap.
a close gathering of football players behind the scrimmage line to hear instructions for the next play.
a conference, esp. a private one about a serious matter.
Origin of huddle:
1570–80; hud- (weak grade of root found in hide1) + -le
a member of a huddle
a person who crouches
"low huddlers against the wind"
One who huddles.
one who huddles things together


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a. Calculate the number of moles of substance that remains. b. What are the partial pressures of the gases after the valve is opened?
Assuming that the reaction takes place in the apparatus shown above at 300 K and goes to completion after the valve is opened, determine the following:
- hcbiochemLv 71 month agoFavorite Answer
PV = n RT
0.500 atm (2.00 L) = n (0.08206 Latm/molK)(300K)
n = 0.0406 mol CO
1.00 atm (1.00 L) = n (0.08206 Latm/molK)(300K)
n = 0.0406 mol O2
CO is the limiting reactant, so,
0.0406 mol CO X (2 mol CO2 / 2 mol CO) = 0.0406 mol CO2 is formed
Moles O2 consumed:
0.0406 mol CO X (1 mol O2 /2 mol CO) = 0.0203 mol O2 consumed, so 0.0203 mol O2 remains
So, after the reaction:
P (3.00 L) = 0.0406 mol (0.08206 Latm/molK) (300 K)
P = 0.333 atm CO2
P (3.00 L) = 0.0203 mol (0.08206 Latm/molK)(300 K)
P = 0.167 atm O2
- Dr WLv 71 month ago
let's try it a different way than everyone else here is doing..... we know that for gases with the same volume and temperature, we can read coefficients of the balanced equation as PRESSURE ratios as well as mole ratios..
once we open the valve,
.. P CO = 0.500atm * (2L / 3L) = 1/3 atm
.. P O2 = 1.00atm * (1L / 3L) = 1/3 atm
from the balanced equation
.. 1/3 atm CO * (2 atm CO2 / 2 atm CO) = 1/3atm CO2
.. 1/3 atm O2 * (2 atm CO2 / /1 atm O2 = 2/3 atm CO2
.. O2 is the LR and 1/3 atm CO2 is formed
.. atm CO remaining = 0
.. atm O2 consumed = 1/3atm CO2 * (1 mol O2 / 2 mole CO2) = 1/6 atm O2
.. atm O2 remaining = 1/3 atm - 1/6atm = 1/6 atm
.. atm CO2 formed = 1/3 atm
so let's see.. that give us "b".. let's do a.
.. n O2 = PV/(RT) = 1/6atm * 3L / (0.08206Latm/molK * 300K) = 0.0203
.. n CO2 = 1/3atm * 3L / (0.08206Latm/molK * 300K) = 0.0406
- Roger the MoleLv 71 month ago
(2.00 L) x (0.500 atm) = 1.00 L atm CO
(1.00 L) x (1.00 atm) = 1.00 L atm O2
1.00 liter-atmosphere of CO would react completely with 1.00 x (1/2) = 0.50 liter-atmosphere of O2, but there is more O2 present than that, so O2 is in excess and CO is the limiting reactant.
(1.00 L atm O2 originally) - (0.50 L atm O2 reacted) = 0.50 L atm O2 remaining
n = PV / RT = (0.50 L atm) / ((0.082057366 L atm/K mol) x (300 K)) =
0.0203 mol O2 remaining
Since it is the limiting reactant, the partial pressure of CO is zero after the reaction is complete.
(0.50 L atm O2) / (2.00 L + 1.00 L) = 0.17 atm of leftover O2
(1.00 L atm CO) x (2 mol CO2 / 2 mol CO) / (2.00 L + 1.00 L) = 0.33 atm of CO2
- davidLv 71 month ago
CO -- n = PV/(RT) = 0.500X2.00/[0.0821X573] = 0.02126 mol CO << initial amunt befr reaction
O2 -- n = (1.00X1.00)/[0.0821X573] = 0.02126 mol O2 >> initial
a. 1/2 of the O2 is used -- leaving 0.01063 mol O2 <<< answer
and creating 0.02126 mol CO2 << answer
b. P = nRT/V
P(O2) = 0.01063X0.0821X573/3.0 = 0.1667 atm
P(CO) = 0.02126X0.0821X573/3.0 = 0.3333 atm
... round both for sig figs.
- How do you think about the answers? You can sign in to vote the answer.
- AmyLv 71 month ago
Calculate the number of moles of CO and O2 in the starting chambers.
Identify the limiting reagent. Calculate the number of moles of CO, O2, and CO2 after the reaction goes to completion.
Calculate the partial pressure of each gas in the 3L combined chamber.


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International artist Kutluğ Ataman's video work, "The Complete Works of William Shakespeare," is on exhibit at the Royal Atheneum of Antwerp in Belgium. Displaying manuscripts of Shakespeare's works in a 35-millimeter film, Ataman's work was selected to represent Turkey in the Belgian exhibition, "I Traveled the World and the Seven Seas," which runs until Nov. 19.
The video created by Ataman and his team features the hand-written manuscripts of 14 comedies, 11 tragedies and 10 other of Shakespeare's plays.
The 35-millimeter film piece was completed in two years. In the silent film, the manuscripts of various plays and poems are streamed in such a way that makes them unreadable and reduces them to images. In this way, the works of Shakespeare are presented as words and letters, rather than works for the stage. The film points to the use of writing as a decorative form of expression in Islamic culture and highlights the ways in which the meaning of words is lost during the passage from a sign and reference system to another. It is a conceptual animation that includes both Shakespeare's dramas and 16th century English ideals.
Wilfried Huet, Dirk Engelen, Stella Lohaus and Isabel Devriendt are the four independent curators for the "I Traveled the World and the Seven Seas" exhibition, a co-production of LLS387 art gallery and HELD. The exhibition is also supported by the Flemish Ministry of Culture and the Antwerp Municipality. On display at the Royal Atheneum of Antwerp High School, the exhibition presents pieces by artists from 50 countries alongside those of Ataman in a display designed for students of the high school who also represent 50 countries.
"The Complete Works of William Shakespeare" has already been exhibited at Gallery Mana in 2012, Arter in 2011 in Turkey, the Francesca Minini Art Gallery in Italy and the Lentos Art Museum in Austria.


JavaScript debugging made easy with source maps
| 4 min. (744 words)
JavaScript debugging with source maps sounds complicated – but it definitely doesn't need to be. Source maps are a useful tool for debugging JavaScript and fixing minified JavaScript code without the hassle of determining where in the original code an error occurred. They provide a way to translate between minified code, designed to decrease webpage load times to the source code the developer writes.
This post gives an overview of setting up and using source mapping in your browser as well as within Raygun.
If you're unfamiliar with source maps it's probably best to see how they work within the browser. You can read about how to generate source maps here.
Source maps are natively supported by both Google Chrome and Firefox as well as IE11, this means that any minified JavaScript files with a source map comment at the bottom will automatically link to its sources so long as the mapping and source files are in the correct locations.
This allows errors to be mapped onto the original source code instead of reporting errors on only the minified script.
For instance if a minified file example.min.js has the following comment at the end of the file:
The browser will load the mapping file in the same directory as the minified file. Any source files specified by mapping file will then be loaded into the Sources window in the browser console.
In addition to showing the source files in the sources window, any errors which happen within the minified file will automatically be mapped into the source files allowing for easy debugging.
Now that you have an idea about how source maps can be used to review code and debug locally, here is an overview of how JavaScript debugging with source maps is easier with Raygun Crash Reporting. Debugging script errors reported from client's browsers becomes a bit faster.
When an error occurs in the JavaScript of a website using Raygun an error report including stacktrace is sent to Raygun.
Contained within the stacktrace are the URLs of the scripts in which the error occurred.
Given these URLs Raygun can download each script file and check for a source map comment. If the comment exists it tries to map the line of the stacktrace onto source code. This is done by downloading the map file specified.
If a map file is available Raygun can then perform the mapping which converts the lines numbers of the stacktrace on the minified code into line numbers on the source files, it also resolves the source files and symbol names.
Given the source file URL we can additional requests for the source files. If we can retrieve these we insert a snippet of the source code into the stacktrace to give more context to the error:
javascript debugging with source maps - a detailed diagram
All of this can be done across the public internet if the files are hosted at the correct URLs and are publicly available.
For many businesses hosting JavaScript files publicly is not in their best interests. For this reason Raygun provides a source map center, this is a private store of JavaScript files to be used in the source mapping process. It allows source mapping to work without hosting anything publicly. JavaScript debugging with source maps makes the whole process much easier, especially when you use a crash and error reporting software like Raygun.
If a file is uploaded into the source map center it will be used instead of requesting a file from the internet. All that is required is that the file be labeled with the URL it would be accessed from if it were to be publicly hosted. In most cases this is easy to figure out. For minified files it's simply the address your minified files are served from. Determining the address of the map and source files may be a bit harder but can be determined by looking at the relative URLs in the generated sourceMappingURL comment in the minified files as well as the sources section of the map files and figuring out the absolute URL based on the address of the hosted minified files.
Hopefully this quick guide to JavaScript debugging with source maps has given an overview of how Raygun can be used to produce powerful error reporting for minified JavaScript code in production environments.
Getting started with JavaScript source maps and Raygun
What are JavaScript source maps? A detailed guide
Ebook: The Ultimate Guide To JavaScript Error Monitoring


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The Child and Social Work Bill was introduced into the House of Commons just before Christmas. The expectation was that there would be changes to Adoption law and these changes would reflect a pro adoption approach. In May 2016 David Cameron wrote in the Sunday Times "We will legislate to tip the balance in favour of permanent adoption where that is the right thing for the child – even when that means overriding family ties."
There have been two notable changes: –
Clause 8: Reform of the Children Act 1989
Before making a Care or Supervision Order, the Court is required to consider 'the long term plan for the upbringing of a child.' (CA 1989 s31(3B)). The Child and Social Work Bill amends s31(3B) so that the Court is required to further consider: –
-"the impact on the child concerned of any harm that he or she suffered or was likely to suffer
-the current and future needs of the child (including needs arising out of that impact)
-the way in which the long-term plan for the upbringing of the child would meet those current and future needs"
It essentially adds further definition to what a long term plan is. It is arguable that this does not make any significant changes to the existing law, let alone pro adoption changes. The Courts should have considered these factors anyway.
Clause 9: Reform of the Adoption and Children Act 2002
Whenever a Court is making a decision relating to the adoption of a child, they must have regard to "the relationship which the child has with relatives, and with any other person in relation to whom the court or agency considers the relationship to be relevant" (ACA 2002 s1(4)(f)). The Child and Social Work Bill amends s1(4)(f) so that in addition to 'relatives' and 'any other person' the Court must have regard to any 'prospective adopter with whom the child is placed.' Is this a significant change in the law? It is helpful to recognise the relationship between the child and prospective adopter. However, the Court is already expected to have regard to this.
Whilst there have been two amendments to important pieces of legislation, it remains to be seen whether this will have a practical impact on the Governments plans to increase adoption numbers.
If you would like to discuss any of this article with one of our team here at Jordan's, based in Wakefield, Dewsbury and Leeds, please do not hesitate to get in contact on _PHONE_ 1103.


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By controlling/varying exercise tempo you can manipulate both muscular time under tension and muscular tension to your advantage. In a nut-shell, the higher these two values, the greater the muscle stress and the greater your gains in performance and body composition are likely to be.
- Slowing tempo on the eccentric (lowering) and isometric phases (top/bottom) of each movement will serve to increase the muscle time under tension.
- Performing the eccentric phase (lowering) of each movement at a slower tempo will require more muscular tension to control the movement rather than letting gravity take you down.
- Pausing at the top/bottom of movements will help eliminate stored elastic energy from your connective tissues meaning your muscles must produce more force to return to the starting position.
- Accelerating through the upwards phase of each movement (concentric phase) will require greater muscular tension as you move quickly against gravity.
There is no perfect exercise tempo we should all be following but a good place to start is with the following formula:
- Perform the lowering phase of each exercise slowly and smoothly to increase time under tension
- Briefly pause at the mid-point of each movement to eliminate elastic energy from your connective tissues
- Accelerate through the upwards phase of each movement to maximize muscular tension and force output