Stuðlagil canyon in East Iceland
There are places where magic, the force of nature, and solitude form a unique set. In Iceland, we have such places in abundance, but some always end up standing out over others. This is the case of Stuðlagil canyon in East Iceland.
View of the Stuðlagil Canyon from the river's side
Sometimes we may sound like a broken record, but when we say that there are unique places in Iceland, it's for a reason. Sites full of magic, singularity, or even a peculiar geological history. One of those places is Stuðlagil canyon, our topic for today, which I am sure you will love.
Stuðlagil canyon
The history of the Stuðlagil canyon is quite curious and a surprise to many. This canyon is located in eastern Iceland and is part of another much larger canyon called Jökla's canyon. Jökla is the river that runs through the area and the main protagonist of this story.Currently, the canyon is beginning to gain certain fame, but before that, not even the Icelanders themselves knew anything about it. And no, it is not a stretch. Actually, the canyon was not even visible to any inhabitant of the region. The waters of the Jökla River completely covered the entire area. The river had strong currents and used to be quite mighty, preventing communication between neighboring regions.
All this changed radically when between 2003-2009 when the Kárahnjúkavirkjun hydroelectric plant was built. A dam was created, and that would end up affecting the flow of the Jökla river. The plant itself was built in the highlands, north of the VatnaJökull glacier on the Jökulsá á Brú and Jökulsá í Fljótsdal rivers that form the Hálslón reservoir. All these rivers ended up flowing in the Jökla River. Therefore, that change caused the water flow to radically decreased.
When this happened, the magnificent walls that make up the stuðlagil canyon came to light. Since then, they have been nicknamed the "Glacial Gates in Iceland." And no wonder why! When you look at it, you will have the chance to see some imposing walls made of basalt columns—turquoise waters from the glacial rivers running down the valley. The whole view may seem like the Valhalla is wide open and ready for you.
How to get to Stuðlagil Canyon
Stuðlagil Canyon is for sure an off the beaten path destination. Despite that, it is not difficult to access as it is close to the Ring Road. The glacial valley where the canyon is located is about an hour away from Egilsstaðir, one of the main cities in Iceland's eastern region. To get to the canyon, get your rental car in Iceland and head towards Akureyri on Route 1 until you reach the turnoff for Road 923. It's close to Grun farm.
Access to Stuðlagil Canyon is quite simple; what's more, you have a car park at your disposal nearby. Even so, you have to walk about five minutes along the river bank to reach the area. There are somewhat steeper parts with steep slopes, so try to be cautious and wear the right clothes and shoes. This official access will allow you to see the canyon from a viewpoint, at the top of the river and not from the ground. Later in this post, we will show you how to go down to the river.
GPS coordinates of Stuðlagil Canyon: 65.1635 ° N, 15.3073 °
How far is Hofn to stuðlagil canyon on jökuldalur?
Stuðlagil canyon is approximately 323km or 200 miles away from Höfn. It can take you four to five hours to reach the canyon. Hofn is usually a great stop for those starting their route through Eastern Iceland. Many tourists typically spend their first night here after visiting the Jokulsarlon glacial lagoon. If you create an itinerary through this region, do not miss either the eastern fjords or the stuðlagil canyon.
What to see and do at Stuðlagil Canyon
Once you get to the area, the main point is indeed Stuðlagil Canyon. You have two main options or two views of this site. One from the lookout point and the other right from the river's level. The most common option is the one we mentioned earlier. The second option is on the east side of the canyon, and it gives you the possibility to go down and see the views directly from the river's water level. To enjoy the opposite side's views, you will have to do some walking and vary the route done by car.
When you turn on the 923 road, after about 14 kilometers or 8,6 miles, you will find the Klaustursel farm. Nearby you will find a bridge that you only have to cross on foot, and you will start the hiking route to Stuðlagil, which is approximately 10 kilometers or 6,20 miles long.
Studlagil canyon views from the lookout point on the west side of the river
You should pay close attention to Stuðlagil Canyon since, fun fact, the canyon has straight pillars and curved and sinuous ones, which gives it an even more unique and unrepeatable touch. The waters of the river are usually turquoise. However, the water can also have a greyish tone depending on the day or season. This applies mostly in the fall. Sometimes snow darkens the water's color or when water is released from the Hálslón reservoir, which muddies the river's course a bit. Regardless of the color of the water, the views are equally impressive. During your hiking trip, you can also stop at Stuðlafoss, a majestic waterfall whose walls are also basalt columns.
If you end up exhausted from so much walking, you can always make a stop at the Vök baths on the way back. They are about an hour's drive from the canyon. They are floating pools of geothermal water located in the impressive Urriðavatn lake. What better way to end the day than by relaxing in these warm waters?
Basalt Column Canyon in Iceland
Every time I see these basalt columns, I can't help but think of Game of Thrones. The color of the rock, the aesthetics of these formations always lead me to think about the series. But why is the stuðlagil canyon so strangely shaped?
Basalt is a volcanic rock that forms from boiling magma that emerges as lava during an eruption. Lava rich in iron and magnesium cools and contracts very quickly once it comes into contact with the air on the surface, hardens and solidifies. Icelandic basalt columns result from this rapid process that changes the chemical composition and appearance of the lava. Basalt volcanic rocks have a rather unusual geometric shape as a result of the change in their composition.
These hexagonal basalt pillars are examples of how nature's forces show themselves in such a forceful and fierce way in a country like Iceland. A Nation forged by fire and ice.
Reserve a rental car in Iceland instantly!
Book Now


text:
2020 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 153-156
The blood flow of the living body observed by ultrasonic blood flow meter and laser blood flow meter were analyzed whether these results are also reflected in relaxation phenomena obtained from dielectric measurements by impedance analyzer. The interface polarization of red blood cells (RBCs) obtained by dielectric measurements in vivo clearly indicated that the RBC number density increased by sprint. This explanation was confirmed from comparison with the results obtained by ultrasonic blood flow meter and laser blood flow meter. As the blood vessels dilated due to sprint, the amount of blood pumped out increased and RBCs observed by dielectric measurements increased. As the blood volume increased, the mean blood flow velocity was found to be lower than that at rest. The results suggest the blood state in the living body can be obtained by dielectric spectroscopy.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
How do the Epsom salts crystals grow? Hot water holds more Epsom salts crystals than cold water does. That's because heated water molecules move farther apart, making room for more of the Epsom salts crystals to dissolve. When no more of the crystals can be dissolved, you have a saturated solution. As this solution cools, the water molecules move closer together again.
Cooling the solution rapidly (in Freezer 10 minutes) encourages fast crystal growth, since there is less room for the dissolved salt in the cooler, denser solution. As the solution cools, the magnesium sulfate atoms run into each other and join together in a crystal structure.
Crystals grown this way will be small, thin, and numerous. Left undisturbed, the crystals should last months or more!
* Sometimes it won't work. That's why they are called experiments. If you can't get it to work then add a epsom salt piece in the solution right when you put it in the refrigerator.
* Stir for 2 minutes and put in freezer or refrigerator right after stirring
* Sometimes making the water to hot it will not work. I use very HOT Tap water. You can experiment and microwave the water. Try 45 seconds for one cup
* I see results in 3 hours and even better overnight. But the longer you leave them in the refrigerator the better the results. Try making to batches and leave one for a week.


text:
INTRODUCTION: Borderline personality traits (BPT), which have a negative effect on the prognosis in substance use disorder (SUD), may increase the frequency of self-harming behavior (SHB) and suicidal behavior (SB). A determination of BPT may be a protective measure against SHB and SB. The objective of this study was to analyze the predictive role of BPT on SHB and SB in individuals diagnosed with SUD. The participants' sociodemographic data were also analyzed for contribution to the context.
METHODS: This cross-sectional research was conducted with inpatients at a single, private hospital psychiatric ward who had been diagnosed with SUD (n=122). The data were collected using the Borderline Personality Inventory, the Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury, and the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire.
RESULTS: The results demonstrated a predictive role of BPT and gender on SHB in individuals diagnosed with SUD. BPT, socioeconomic status, and education were found to be predictors of SB in individuals diagnosed with SUD.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results of the research demonstrated that the risk evaluation of SHB and SB in SUD is highly significant. BPT must be handled independently from substance abuse with the appropriate psychological interventions. The findings also indicated that the education and socioeconomic level of the patient were significant factors and that psychosocial support is essential for this high-risk group. Additional research could provide valuable information that would enable more efficient, targeted treatment strategies.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Towns and villages steeped in history and heritage
Plaza de Santa Eulalia
The Plaza de Santa Eulalia in Segovia, located in the cloth weavers' neighborhood, contained one of the most homogeneous examples of civil architecture from the 16th century in the city, with its emblazoned houses, arcades with granite or brick columns and wood, the most modest.
It was not usual for the nobility to build their houses outside the walls and, although it has changed over time (the Clamores river was channeled and some of its houses were demolished), the unalterable character of the square is still preserved in terms of original plot.
On one side of the square, we can see the house of the Hermanos Buitrago community members, with a façade framed by an alfiz de balls and a pierced shield by order of Carlos I, as punishment for the uprising of the Communities. And on the other side, it is worth highlighting the church, from the early 12th century, which, although transformed in the 17th century, still retains part of its Romanesque past.


text:
This specific ISBN edition is currently not available.View all copies of this ISBN edition:
The Anglo-Saxon "Lacnunga" is a miscellaneous collection of almost 200 mainly herbal remedies, charms, and prayers found only in a mostly 10th-11th century manuscript in the British Library. The collection is written mainly in Old English and Latin, and includes a version of a remarkable 7th-century Hiberno-Latin prayer known as the "Lorica of Laidcenn". There are also corrupt passages in Old Irish, Greek, Hebrew, and Aramaic. It is one of the oldest extant medical collections in Northern Europe. Study of it sheds light on the dissemination, understanding, and translation in Anglo-Saxon England of remedies from classical and classical-derived collections such as the "Historia Naturalis" of Pliny, the "Medicina Plinii", and the "Plinii". The collection also includes a large number of "magical" charms which offer an insight into native beliefs in elves, spirits, witches, and sentient plants. This two-volume edition includes: a detailed discussion of the nature of the collection and its status in Anglo-Saxon England; discussions of the collection's palaeography and codicology, sources, analogues, and language.
"synopsis" may belong to another edition of this title.
Book Description Edwin Mellen Pr, 2001. Hardcover. Condition: New. Never used!. Seller Inventory # P110773475575
Book Description Edwin Mellen Pr, 2001. Condition: New. book. Seller Inventory # M0773475575


text:
The Environmental Interpretation Centre is located on the shores of the Faja da Caldeira de Santo Cristo on São Jorge Island on the Azores archipelago of Portugal. The islands are very remote and located smack dab in the middle of the Atlantic and not particularly well-known, but are quite beautiful. The government is trying to increase tourism and education of their parks and the Centre is one of their projects to aid that effort. The Centre will help provide information on the area, serve as an education center on the local environment, support architectural heritage and serve as a center to further study the local flora and fauna.
Design work began on the Environmental Interpretation Centre in 2007 with construction starting in 2009. The original property features a one story stone building, which was used as the foundation for the reconstruction. This building was faithfully restored using the original plans, but adding a second story and then an additional building behind it. The main building serves as the education center and the building behind is a temporary apartment for visiting researchers. Thick stone walls act as thermal mass to slow the transfer of heat and keep the interior comfortable. Deep window wells provide natural light but minimize heat gain. In the future a campsite will be created and the Interpretation Centre will serve as its headquarters.
Images ©FG+SG – Fotografia de Arquitectura

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


How to Remove a Moen Dialcet
Cameron Easey
A Moen dialcet or cartridge is used with a single handle faucet that you turn to provide a mixture of hot and cold water when taking a shower. When only the hot and cold water is working, the dialcet or cartridge may need to be examined. This can be done by first removing the dialcet or cartridge from the faucet that is installed in the shower.
A dialcet is a single handle shower faucet cartridge.
 1. Turn off the shut-off valves for the shower. If the shower does not have shut-off valves you will need to turn off the main water supply valve for your house. Turn the shut-off valve counterclockwise or to the left to shut off the valve.
 2. Find and remove the screw that is used to secure the handle to the faucet with the screwdriver. Pull out the retainer clip that is located behind the handle with the pliers.
 3. Remove the cartridge that is inserted in the valve body with the pliers. Grab onto the cartridge with the pliers and then pull it out.
 4. Shake the cartridge up and down. It should sound like a ball being shaken in a paint can. If there is no sound, the cartridge will need to be cleaned.
 5. Reinstall the dialcet once it has been cleaned or replace it with a new one.


text:
An experiment in pneumatics and bionics
In this projectile, bionic refinement meets unusual drive forms that were originally conceived for outer space. The flow-optimised pneumatic structure is derived from the penguin.
The new bionic plasma drive in the stubby wings is a simplified copy of the mechanical wing propulsion of birds, without applying any moving parts. The tail is moved using the classic principle of the ion beam drive, which functions using air-ionising high DC voltage fields. The accelerated air ions produce an ion wind with a speed of up to 10 m/s.
However, future application ranges for atmospheric ion drives are not focused on obtaining propelling force, but rather on the areas of resistance reduction and resistance elimination.


text:
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
- v. To gossip or talk idly.
- n. Gossip; idle talk.
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. An obsolete or dialectal form of clover.
- To climb.
- To talk idly or foolishly; talk much and at random.
- n. An idle story.
- n. plural Idle talk; gossip.
- n. A shortened form of claviger.
- n. Scotland gossip, chit-chat
- v. to gossip or chit-chat
- n. UK, Scotland, dialect frivolous or nonsensical talk; prattle; chatter
GNU Webster's 1913
- v. talk socially without exchanging too much information
- Perhaps of Celtic origin. (American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition)
"A Missouri voter in reply to a comment from claver"
"While claver [clover] blooms white o'er the ley [pasture]"
"Everybody will ken the right wye o 'it, and will claver and gossip, when they wad 'a be better to mind their ain affairs, an' let ither folk alane."
"And he would rather claver with a daft quean they call Diana"
"For everything I did was a fault except just I would be sitting at home with my old mother, and so I just fell in wi 'McGilp, and left the lassies to claver among themsel's for a year or two, for they will have too many cantrips for a simple man."
"Belle's wean might be "a tinker's brat" in whispered corners in byres and hay-sheds, where the wenches could claver out of hearing, but the"
"Thomas took her by the weak side, and usually arrested her "light-horse gallop of clish ma-claver" by some specious story of ghost or hobgoblin adventures, with which he had been detained."
"The craik amang the claver hay, [corn-crake, clover]"
"An 'ye claver sic' nonsense when ye're daft, what would ye say when ye're sane?"
"Hoots wi 'y'r giddy claver," said he, before I had spoken a word; and walking off, he sat down at some distance."
These user-created lists contain the word 'claver'.
A list of words that are odd or words that I have looked up.
Hecko, words! I'm so happy I've found you. I want to keep you all and never want to lose you again. I hope you like it here.
Selections from Mrs. Byrne's Dictionary of Unusual, Obscure and Preposterous Words by Josefa Heifetz Byrne (University Books, 1974). Definitions in the comments when not available elsewhere.
this is a list of words that i wish i could remember to use in my everyday vocabulary, of course, in order to sound really cool; like, movie cool.
Looking for tweets for claver.


text: Using the combined rail clips in rail head on the hot glue rubber tongue, tongue selection with resistance, oil resistance, high temperature resistant, corrosion resistant synthetic rubber. The track gauge level, around the rail surface level, before and after the bump and the line direction, curve superelevation, rail bottom slope, and rail joint rail joint made by the rules. In the straight section of the railway, the railway Chinese standard gauge of 1435 mm, the error shall pass over 6 to -2 mm.About the rail surface level should be less than 4 mm. Bump bump and string direction of the line before and after volume 10 meters long, allowable error should be less than 4 mm. On a curved track, should be based on the curve radius gauge widening, Chinese standard gauge railway maximum permissible gauge is 1450 mm. The centrifugal force balance for vehicle on a curved track the trajectory of the outer rail must be higher than that of the inner rail (referred to as high). The maximum amount of ultra high Chinese railway rules should be less than 150 mm. The steep curve shall be provided in line with the curve connection, the curvature of a curve and super high gradually changed, in order to ensure the safety and air transport. The wheel tread to the middle of the line 1:20 slope, and the rail surface is required to be introverted, to prevent the rail surface wear uneven rail waist twists and turns. Therefore, line on the railway line, the rail laying rail to have certain inclination, namely rail bottom slope.


text:
Methods by remote sensing techniques were developed to locate potential jökulhlaup lakes and to assess the volume of water discharged. To locate potential jökulhlaup lakes, a time sequence of LandSat satellite imagery covering the area was investigated with spectral mapping techniques. The investigations showed how LandSat images can be used to map surface water, glacial ice, and surface temporal anomalies, and when combined with geographic information system (GIS) analysis, potential jökulhlaup lakes could be identified. For assessing the volume of the water discharged, the bottom topography for the jökulhlaup lakes were mapped from stereo images acquired by the ASTER satellite sensor and thereby defining the relations between the lake surface areas and the volumes of water stored in the lakes. Annual lake areas outlined from LandSat images were combined with the area-volume relations to describe the change over time in the volume of water in the lakes and thereby the volume released during jökulhlaups. The results of the volume assessments were validated against recordings from a hydrological station in the downstream lake. The validation underpinned the credibility of the method and as it relies on satellite data that are readily available, the method is applicable for use in many areas of the world.
A satellite perspective on jökulhlaups in Greenland
Morten Larsen, Christian Tøttrup, Eva Mätzler, Bo Naamansen, Dorthe Petersen, Kisser Thorsøe; A satellite perspective on jökulhlaups in Greenland. Hydrology Research 1 February 2013; 44 (1): 68–77. doi: _URL_
Download citation file:


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Sometimes I see a character say この世 and I'm not sure why they don't just say この世界? Is it just an old way of saying it or is there a specific reason?
share|improve this question
What do you mean by "why they don't just say"? Why would the default choice for "world" be 世界? – Earthliŋ Nov 2 '13 at 21:41
_USER_: :) I think that OP is more familiar with the word 世界 than with the word 世. – Tsuyoshi Ito Nov 2 '13 at 22:19
Such a strange question. We have been using Yo (using romaji for a purpose here) longer than 世界 because the former is the original Japanese word and the latter was borrowed from Chinese later on. – l'électeur Nov 2 '13 at 23:23
1 Answer 1
It is hard to tell the difference but the word あの世 might help you to understand the difference.
あの世 means 'the other world' which you go when you die. So, its opposite この世 means "land of the living" or "this life" or... the world, which is not just the earth. On the other hand, この世界 is almost the same as the earth. Well, you could say that この世界 includes Mars or Mercury or other planets, but for example, 世界一 definitely means 'No.1 on earth'. People say 宇宙一 for 'No.1 in the universe'
Hmmm... it's hard to explain in English..
この世 has a kind of religious or spiritual connotation. Just remember that I'm talking about この世. There are a lot of words which include the character 世, and each word has its own subtle nuances.
share|improve this answer
_USER_ You should wait for better answers. This is a tough question to answer. – Taichi Sato Nov 3 '13 at 20:32
Your Answer


Electro-Osmosis
Definition - What does Electro-Osmosis mean?
Electro-osmosis refers to the movement of liquid in a porous material due to an applied electric field. Electro-osmosis is a very effective instrument when treating heterogeneous, silt and clay-rich soil.
The phenomenon of electro-osmosis is very useful in chemical separation techniques and buffered solutions.
Electro-osmosis can be used for organics removal. It reduces the need for specialized electrodes.
Corrosionpedia explains Electro-Osmosis
Electro-osmosis is the migration of water (and whatever is contained in the water) through a porous membrane resulting from a potential difference caused by the flow of electric charge through the membrane.
The liquid transportation rate depends on:
 - The properties of liquid
 - The properties of solid
 - The applied potential
Electro-osmosis has achieved two benefits when properly applied:
 - Provides uniform pore water movement in most types of soil. The size of the pore is not important. Electro-osmotic flow rate is primarily a function of applied voltage.
 - The electricity applied to the soil directly results in the heating of the soil. The soil warming not only increases the mobilization of volatile organics, but also increases the electro-osmotic permeability by lowering the viscosity of the pore water.
When the electro-osmotic flow of alkaline liquid to a particular sodium carbonate solution such as concrete occurs, it assists in repassivation of the steel and causes realkalisation of carbonated concrete.
Electro-osmosis techniques are commonly used in chemical analysis, soil analysis and processing, and microfluidic devices. All of these uses involve highly charged surfaces, often of oxides. In capillary electrophoresis, which is another use of electro-osmosis, chemicals are separated according to their electrophoretic mobility by applying an electric field.
Share this:
Connect with us
FEATURED PARTNERS


text:
An extraordinary heat wave has proved fatal for thousands of Alaska salmon this summer, CNN reports. Alerted by locals, scientists traveled along the Koyukuk River in July and spotted 850 unspawned dead salmon. "We were boating, going about 35 or 40 miles per hour, and we know we missed a lot," Stephanie Quinn-Davidson, director of the Yukon Inter-Tribal Fish Commission, tells the Juneau Empire. "On a boat going by relatively fast, we were probably getting at most half the fish and at the least about ten percent of the fish." Unable to find infections, parasites, or lesions, they pointed a finger at the coinciding heat wave.
After all, scientists have never recorded higher than 76 degrees around Cook Inlet, south of Anchorage, since they began logging stream temperatures there in 2002—but on July 7 they measured 81.7 degrees. "2019 exceeded the value we expected for the worst-case scenario in 2069," says Sue Mauger, who co-authored a 2016 study on climate change in Alaska. Experts say the salmon likely die by heat-induced heart attack or suffocation when heat lowers oxygen in the water. One hope is that salmon who make it to spawning grounds will give life to equally resilient fish: "Hopefully they'll pass those genes on that allowed them to persist," says Davidson. (Read more salmon stories.)


Dictionary search results
Showing 1-18 of 18 results
metaUS English
Denoting a change of position or condition
meta US English
short for meta key.
meta key US English
Meta River US English
A river that flows northeast for 650 miles (1,050 km) from central Colombia into the Orinoco River and that forms part of the Colombia-Venezuela boundary
metadata US English
A set of data that describes and gives information about other data
metarule US English
metafiction US English
metamessage US English
An underlying meaning or implicit message, especially in advertising
metalanguage US English
A form of language or set of terms used for the description or analysis of another language
metamaterial US English
A synthetic composite material with a structure such that it exhibits properties not usually found in natural materials, especially a negative refractive index
metacognition US English
Awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes
metamathematics US English
You searched for meta-


text:
In 1890, the Grand Opera House was built on the corner of Main and Beale Streets. The Grand was billed as the classiest theatre outside of New York City. Vaudeville was the main source of entertainment at the time, featuring singers, musicians and magicians. The Grand became part of the Orpheum Circuit of vaudeville shows in 1907, and the theatre became known as The Orpheum.
Vaudeville at the Orpheum was successful for almost two decades. Then in 1923, after a show that featured singer Blossom Seeley, a fire started and the theatre burned to the ground.
In 1928, at a cost of $1.6 million, a new Orpheum was built on the original site of the Grand, but it was a different theater. The new Orpheum is twice as large as her predecessor and opulently decorated. Lavish tasseled brocade draperies, enormous crystal chandeliers, gilded moldings, and the Mighty Wurlitzer pipe organ are just a few of its new amenities.
As vaudeville's popularity waned, the Orpheum was purchased by the Malco movie theater chain in 1940 and presented first run movies until 1976, when Malco decided to sell the building. There was even talk of demolishing the old theater to build an office complex. However, in 1977 the Memphis Development Foundation purchased the Orpheum and began bringing Broadway productions and concerts back to the theatre.
Fifty-four years had taken a toll on the "South's Finest Theatre." The Orpheum was closed on Christmas in 1982 to begin a $5 million renovation to restore its 1928 opulence. Beyond the cleaning, decorative, and lighting changes of this once-beautiful building, significant improvements included heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system renovations; restroom enhancements; and dressing room reconfigurations and redecorations. Other changes involved the construction of two functional loading docks and an expanded orchestra pit, and a hydraulic pit lift added extra space to the front stage area when an orchestra wasn't required.
Restoration crews also cleaned the exterior of the building, repairing and repainting The Orpheum upright sign and the famous theatre marquee. To meet audiences' growing needs, a parlor with restrooms, a large concessions area, and a box office were built on the south side of the grand lobby. Later, a "green room" — now Pat Halloran's Broadway Club — was formed in the northeast corner of the lobby, which had previously been a men's clothing store called Berts. In the end, The Orpheum had a seating capacity of 2,491, including 28 new private suites.
A grand reopening celebration was held in January of 1984, and it signaled the rebirth of entertainment in downtown Memphis.
In 1996, the Orpheum Theatre tackled its biggest renovation ever, at about $8 million, to expand the stage and backstage areas. New productions like The Phantom of the Opera, Miss Saigon, Beauty and the Beast, and Sunset Boulevard were the talk of Broadway, but needed more space than the Grand Old Lady had. Improvements to accomodate blossoming production scales began in spring of 1996 and continued off and on through the fall of 1997.
When the curtain opened on The Phantom of the Opera in 1997-98 Orpheum Broadway Series, the extended stage was 50 feet deep with a once-again enlarged orchestra pit. The renovation also created 13 new dressing rooms and a special warm-up area for the ballet company. Four loading bays were constructed, doubling the previous capacity. An enormous amount of space for storage and offices was added. The walls throughout the theatre were repainted and gold-leafed, and new technical equipment was installed. The theatre had gotten a complete face-lift.
The Theatre Today
Throughout the last three decades, the Orpheum has brought in large-scale Broadway shows, like The Lion King, Wicked, Cats and Les Miserables, while continuing to offer performances from great entertainers like Jerry Seinfeld, John Mellencamp, Sarah McLachlan, Tony Bennett, the Goo Goo Dolls, and many more.
The Orpheum presents 6-8 Broadway shows each year as well as dozens of concerts, comedy acts and special events. Two of Memphis' local arts groups, Ballet Memphis and Opera Memphis, have also called the Orpheum home.
As the theatre ages, the Memphis Development Foundation continues to take special care to preserve the Orpheum's beloved architecture and ornate trimmings while embracing new technologies to present the best audience experience possible. The Orpheum upgraded its sound system in fall 2014 for the first time since the 1996-97 renovation, and planned improvements to seating and restroom facilities will continue throughout 2015 and 2016.
The Orpheum Theatre is a non-profit organization and continues to flourish because of the generous support of the community. For information about how you can support the Orpheum, call _PHONE_ or visit our Support Us page.


text:
Sankey diagrams visualize the magnitude of flow between nodes in a network.
The plugin takes as input the nodes and weighted links, computing positions via iterative relaxation. After fixing the horizontal position of each node, the algorithm starts from the sources on the left, positioning downstream nodes so as to minimize link distance. A reverse pass is then made from right-to-left, and then the entire process is repeated several times. Overlapping nodes are shifted to avoid collision.


Beef Thawing Equipment
Beef is a standard meat product nowadays. Before eating the meat taken out from the refrigerator, we usually need to thaw it under room temperature or in cold water. In factories, thawing large pieces of frozen meat in this way before processing not only takes a long time but also has problems such as uneven temperature inside and outside, dark color, poor quality, and easy to grow bacteria.
The traditional beef thawing method usually uses water, air and vacuum condensation vapor medium to achieve thawing effect through heat conduction. There are mainly the following ways:
1.Airflow thawing: By adjusting the temperature difference among food, airflow, and the airflow velocity. Heat is transmitted to the freezer through the gas's static pressure in the product's surface boundary layer so that the fridge can achieve the purpose of thawing. This method has strong adaptability and little equipment investment, but the thawing time is long, and the efficiency is low.
2.Water thawing: Similar to air thawing, except that the medium is changed into water. Compared with air thawing technology, it is slightly better. Still, it is also inefficient and time-consuming and requires a lot of water resources that can not meet the standards of environmental protection.
The above two methods are traditional processing technology. During the freezing process, the surface temperature of food decreases, and the bacteria are inhibited. During the thawing process, the same surface area of food is also where the temperature rises. Because of the long thawing time, the bacteria reproduction starts again.
For more extensive materials, the surface begins to rot before thawing completely, aggravating the weight loss rate of raw materials. Because of the shortcomings of the above methods, our new professional beef thawing equipment is specially designed for meat products, seafood, aquatic products, and quick-frozen food thawing.
Beef thawing equipment
Beef thawing equipment
What are the significant advantages of beef thawing equipment compared with traditional thawing equipment?
1. Beef thawing equipment uses microwave thawing, adopting PLC system and temperature control module to precisely control temperature. Traditional thawing methods can not accurately control the temperature.
2. Traditional thawing time is extended. For example, water thawing takes more than 8-10 hours, natural thawing of air may take more than 24 hours. Microwave can go deep into the material and heat directly without heat conduction. The same material microwave equipment can be completed in half an hour.
For frozen meat pieces with a weight of 25 Kg and a shape size of 600 mm x 400 mm x 230 mm, it takes only 2 to 4 minutes for them to be rewarmed to -4 ~2 ~C by microwave thawing equipment at – 18 ~C. Processing capacity is related to meat quality, that is, the dielectric constant of meat. The bigger the meat quality, the smaller the processing capacity of lean meat.
Taking 100 kW microwave thawing equipment as an example, the reference data for theoretical estimation of the thawing capacity of frozen meat from – 18 C are as follows. The actual throughput varies according to the specific situation.
Temperature requirement90% Lean meat50% Lean meat
3. Thawing quality also is the focus of customers' concern. Meat products after natural air thawing have a dark color, while meat products after water thawing show gray-white color. Meat products after microwave thawing are still the same color as fresh meat.
Before Thawing
Beef thawing equipment
Beef thawing equipment
Beef thawing equipment
4. The traditional thawing method has a high meat loss rate. As for water loss, other ways generally lose more than 5% of the water, while microwave thawing can be controlled within 1%.
5. At the same time, air thawing and water thawing will produce a large amount of sewage. As an industrial production, it also needs supporting high-cost sewage treatment equipment, while microwave thawing does not need to be used for pollution-free and environmental protection.
6. The microwave thawing equipment is operated by a touch screen, which can set computer operation procedures suitable for the requirements of thawing process specifications and realize fully automatic operation. Moreover, the equipment can run continuously with high reliability.
The effects of different thawing methods on the nutritional composition of meat products were compared.
IndicatorFresh ContrastAir ThawingCold HydrolysisHot Water ThawingMicrowave Thawing
Crude Fat3.08±0.111.08±0.141.74±0.351.68±0.282.52±0.05
crude protein30.93±1.4630.08±0.5929.18±2.0828.79±0.5929.52±0.66
Ash content1.13±0.011.63±0.061.45±0.111.44±0.071.61±0.11
As shown in the figure, the determination of muscle combinations showed that the muscle moisture content of microwave thawing was significantly higher than that of new control. In addition to the lowest moisture content of air thawing, it may be due to the long time required for air thawing, resulting in more muscle moisture loss.
The content of muscle crude fat and crude protein was significantly lower than that of new control after treatment with different thawing methods. Still, compared with another way, microwave thawing was good for maintaining crude muscle fat and crude protein content. In thawing, the microwave thawing method cannot damage the muscular fibers in meat products and change the internal structure of cells. It could also reduce the rupture of cell membranes, ensure the loss of juice, and reduce nutritional value.
Nowadays, there are many manufacturers producing microwave equipment to thawing and sterilizing. Faced with the microwave thawing equipment produced by many companies, our company ranks first in equipment technology and pays more attention to environmental protection and pollution-free equipment.
1. Beef thawing equipment is a new type of food thawing equipment developed independently by our company by introducing foreign advanced technology.
2. By referring to the following data and comparing with other companies' microwave equipment, our company's machine has the advantages of:
Microwave drying equipmentOther microwave drying equipment
Microwave frequency915±25MHz915±25MHz
Microwave powerAbove 20kw-200kw（continuously adjustable）35kW
Transfer speed0.1～3m/min frequency conversion0.5～3m/min
Microwave leakage≤5mw/cm2(GB5959.6-87)≤5mw/cm2(GB5959.6-87)
Drying capacity0.5～1.0T/ h0.5～1.5T/ h
Capacity/Hour 5-7ton 4-6ton
Equipment appearance sizeLength x width x height
8000×5000×2300（mm）（ customized）
Length x width x height
Control mode
touch screen、PLC controltouch screen、PLC control
The large table shows the advantages of microwave beef equipment in the same industry more intuitively. It is healthy and bacteria-free, conforms to all health standards, and maintains the taste of food.
3. All our microwave equipment is sold directly by manufacturers. The company's service aim is to provide three packages a year + lifetime maintenance + tailor-made + long-term tracking service. It also offers a full set of pre-sale and after-sale services such as installation, commissioning, maintenance, training, technical consultation, etc. Free repair and replacement of spare parts within one year, lifelong service.
Beef thawing equipment
The company has several decades of manufacturing experience to find reasonable thawing methods, do not damage the nutritional value, and ensure that the maximum degree of preservation of food fiber after thawing.
Choosing our microwave beef device, both in the configuration of the equipment or the entire part, we have selected international and domestic brands of accessories to ensure quality, protection uses the safe and secure from initial design to improve safety and quickness and environmental viewpoint.
In addition to the use of safe, food products most important thing is health and safety, we follow the European and American standards, all for the thorough cleaning of equipment and food processing safety.
So that each piece of raw meat after thawing have quality assurance, ensure every consumer to eat more secure, let the microwave food thawing in the market-leading step in the future competition, we make you more satisfied with our service!


text:
Archive for November 2016
Recently I taught a church history lecture on the life of Susanna Wesley:
(Download.) I relied primarily on Wikipedia for my research on English church history, and on two books for my research on Susanna:
In his book, Seven Women: And the Secret of Their Greatness, Eric Metaxas provides brief biographies of seven women in church history. He offers a very engaging and thoughtful history of the the lives of Joan of Arc, Susanna Wesley, Hannah More, Sister Maria of Paris, Corrie ten Boom, Rosa Parks, and Mother Teresa.
The Methodist minister John Newton wrote Susanna Wesley and the Puritan Tradition in Methodism. He offers a well rounded biography of Susanna while at the same time advancing and supporting his thesis that Susanna contributed a strain of vibrant Puritanism to the founding of Methodism.


/delete/", assertionMode=DatabaseAssertionMode.NON_STRICT)
User 1 can be deleted with the void delete method() {
 userDao.delete(1);
 }
Now that we have some new ones, let's take a quick look at each one. Also, there are some caveats about the test code for CURD processing of database operations, so let's take a look at those as well.
AfterEach
This is an annotation for JUnit5 and describes the process you want to insert after executing each test method. Here, the flush method of EntityManager is explicitly called. The flush method is doing the work to synchronize the entities in the persistence context with the records in the database. Normally, this method is automatically called when the transaction is committed, without even being aware of it. Reference
However, in this test code, we need to RollBack to restore the database after the database operation is finished. Then, the flush method will not be called, so the expected result of the test method will not be reflected in the database, and the test will not pass. There are several ways to deal with it, but it seems better to explicitly call the flush method when each method commits a transaction, that is, when the process is completed, just like running an app.
From the above, by calling the flush method after executing each test method, the expected result can be verified correctly.
ExpectedDatabase
It is used at the same time as the DatabaseSetup annotation, and as the name implies, it is for verifying the state of the database after executing the test method. As with the DatabaseSetup annotation, specify the directory where the CSV file that describes the table state of the expected result is stored in the value value. Furthermore, the property "assertionMode" is set, but by setting "NON_STRICT" here, only the columns specified in the CSV file will be verified, not all columns.
Transactional annotation
In this test class, Transactional annotation is added at the class level. Setting this annotation at the class level is the same as annotating all the methods in the class. In some Controller tests, transaction control is not required, but if you try to set each method every time, omissions will occur, so it is better to set them collectively at the class level.
Now you should have some understanding of the processing required for CRUD processing. At the end of Level 2, here are some things to keep in mind when testing database operations (because I'm addicted to it). I hope it will be helpful for you.
About the description method of update / delete process
The above process is a process to rewrite an existing record. I think that it may process multiple records, but in many cases, Web applications will target one record. At this time, key information is required to clarify the processing target.
I think there are various ways to do it, but I think it's simple and easy to write "specify the ID in the record of the CSV file". The point to note here is the concept of logic to realize the test. Since it seems to be a little long, I wrote it in the supplement, so please take a look if you are interested.
Supplement: How to implement the test By the way, regarding the above method of acquiring "key information", prepare a utility class for testing to make it easier to write a test, or add a method to the code on the application side to make it easier to test. There's nothing you can't do, but it's not recommended.
First of all, if you get stuck writing a test about creating a utility class to make it easier to write, you shouldn't think about 'how to pass the test'. You should think about 'can you write it simpler'? If you're writing a method class for testing from a simple CRUD processing level, it's easy to imagine what your test code will look like in a working-level application.
Also, it is often said that code that is easy to write tests is good code. This is not a story that you should write it considering passing the test on the application side, but it should prevent such things as "individual modules are tightly coupled and it becomes difficult to resolve dependencies at the time of testing". Thing. Not only is such an implementation difficult to test, but it also expands the scope of influence when expanding or changing, leading to the creation of unexpected bugs.
If you focus on test code, it will be closer to test code than implementation, and vice versa, it is a part that is hard to notice at first, but it may be good to take a breath and go back to the basics. not. I wrote it like that, but I was addicted to writing the test code myself, so I will write it as a self-discipline.
About ID value of create process
Consider the case of registering a new record in the database with a test method. For example, if the ID is automatically numbered, and the ID is assigned to the setup record, key duplication may occur.
In that case, if you set the ID that the record of the result set is also numbered ..., it is safer not to control the value that is automatically numbered.
As a solution, if you want to verify the generation of a new record, I think it is better to proceed with the policy of using a CSV file excluding the ID and verifying only the contents column without the ID involved.
A lot of new things have come out in level 2. However, if you get used to it to some extent, you can write crisply, and above all, start the server like a manual test, access the page, actually process it and go to see the DB ... I think that it is a very beneficial part because it can be verified without doing it. Therefore, even if you master the range up to level 2, the efficiency of defect correction during development will be greatly improved.
By completing Level 2, you should be able to:
By the way, Spring Boot is a framework for creating Web applications, so it is common to use POST requests when actually operating the database. Therefore, at Level 3, we would like to take a look at POST request validation. The level will go up, but it's something that you can fully understand with your knowledge so far, so I'd be happy if you could follow me to the end (╹◡╹).
Level3. Test POST request
Next, let's look at the test code for validating POST requests. Since it would be long to put the entire code to be verified, I would like to focus on the test code by describing only the outline of the application here.
Level 3 uses a to-do list as a subject. It's a simple one that can do the following simple CRUD processing.
image.png
There will be some new knowledge about POST requests, but if you have the knowledge so far, you can understand it, so please take a look at the test code after a comprehensive review of this article. The actual test code is shown below. It's a bit long, but most of it is understandable ... I'm happy.
TodoControllerTest.java
@DbUnitConfiguration(dataSetLoader = CsvDataSetLoader.class)
@TestExecutionListeners({
 DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.class,
 TransactionalTestExecutionListener.class,
 DbUnitTestExecutionListener.class
 })
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
@SpringBootTest(classes = {DbMvcTestApplication.class})
@Transactional
public class TodoControllerTest {

 //mockMvc Mock object for handling Http request and response without deploying to Tomcat server
 @Autowired
 private MockMvc mockMvc;

 @Autowired
 private TodoDao todoDao;

 @AfterEach
 void tearDown() {
 todoDao.getEm().flush();
 }

 /**
 *Verify that view is returned correctly
 * @throws Exception
 */
 @Test
Todo is passed as view in void init processing() throws Exception {
 this.mockMvc.perform(get("/todo/init"))
 .andExpect(status().isOk())
 .andExpect(view().name("todo"));
 }

 /**
 *Verify if the record acquired from DB is set in the model
 *This time it is not a complicated process, so if one record in the DB is passed to the model, it is considered to be operating normally.
 *
 * @throws Exception
 */
 @Test
 @DatabaseSetup(value = "/TODO/setUp/")
The void init process passes the existing task to the model() throws Exception {

 //With mockMvc/todo/Send a get request to "init"
 this.mockMvc.perform(get("/todo/init"))
 //DB records are passed to the model as a list
 .andExpect(model().attribute("todoForm", hasProperty(
 "todoList", hasItem(
 hasProperty(
 "task", is("task1")
 )
 )
 )));
 }

 /**
 *Verify if new record is registered in DB from screen input
 * @


text:
A biennial is a plant that produces vegetation in
one year, flowers the next year, and then dies.
A perennial is :
A plant that grows, makes
flowers, fruit and seed, and dies all in one growing
A plant that comes back year
after year without replanting, usually from underground
A plant that produces green
leaves in one year, flowers the next year, and dies.


- Wiley Online Library will be disrupted on 18 May from 10:00-12:00 BST (05:00-07:00 EDT) for essential maintenance
SEARCH
SEARCH BY CITATION
[1] We compare morphologies of drainage basins on Mars and Earth in order to confine the formation process of Martian valley networks. Basins on both planets are computationally extracted from digital topography. Integral-geometry methods are used to represent each basin by a circularity function that encapsulates its internal structure. The shape of such a function is an indicator of the style of fluvial erosion. We use the self-organizing map technique to construct a similarity graph for all basins. The graph reveals systematic differences between morphologies of basins on the two planets. This dichotomy indicates that terrestrial and Martian surfaces were eroded differently. We argue that morphologies of Martian basins are incompatible with runoff from sustained, homogeneous rainfall. Fluvial environments compatible with observed morphologies are discussed. We also construct a similarity graph based on the comparison of basins' hypsometric curves to demonstrate that hypsometry is incapable of discriminating between terrestrial and Martian basins.


Boston Dynamics robot dog does battle test with French army
Boston Dynamics: Spot, a quadrupedal robot from the North American Boston Dynamics, is being used in French army training. Currently, the "robot dog" helps soldiers to conduct reconnaissance during activities.
École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr, France's main military school, posted photos of the actions on Twitter. The institution describes the tests as a way to make students aware of the challenges of tomorrow and robotization on the battlefield.
According to Ouest-France, soldiers from the military school participated in two days of training in different scenarios. The exercises involved offensive and defensive actions, and an urban combat test.
Each scenario was practiced only with humans and then with students and robots. In this way, they analyzed the differences of having machines operating on the battlefield.
Despite delaying operations, Spot helped keep troops safer. One soldier said he died during a human-only test, something that can be avoided when the robot was used to perform reconnaissance.
However, one of the problems with the robotic dog was battery life. During one of the exercises, he ran out of energy and needed to be removed from the field to be recharged.
Robots on the battlefield
Spot's presence on simulated battlefields raises questions about where it will be deployed in the future. Boston Dynamics began its history by creating models for the American army, but distanced itself from the military by focusing on the commercial market.
Today, the company is very concerned about the use of robots to harm humans. So much so that Spot's terms prohibit the use to hurt or intimidate any person or animal, or as a weapon or to enable weapons.
It is possible to argue that the French army uses the robot to patrol buildings and that would not be harmful to anyone. But recognition is the prelude to a military confrontation, which makes the distinction fragile.
Please enter your comment!
Please enter your name here


Quick Answer: Does Saltwater Freeze?
Why does salt water not freeze?
Does salt water freeze colder?
When water freezes from being in cold air, the release of heat actually slows down the freezing. When you add salt to a mixture of water and ice, it causes more ice to melt by depressing the freezing point and not by adding internal energy so it actually gets colder.
Does water with salt freeze faster?
At what temp does saltwater freeze?
about 28.4 degrees FahrenheitOcean water freezes at a lower temperature than freshwater. Fresh water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit but seawater freezes at about 28.4 degrees Fahrenheit, because of the salt in it. When seawater freezes, however, the ice contains very little salt because only the water part freezes.
What temp does salt water pool freeze?
28 degreesYes, although their freeze point is just a bit lower than regular chlorinated water. Salt water pools freeze usually freeze closer to 28 degrees as opposed to 32, but nonetheless, they still freeze. So, treat it just like any other pool.
How long does it take for salt water to freeze?
approximately four hoursThe freezing point for sea water is lower than it is for fresh water–which freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit–because of its greater density. 500 ml of saltwater (containing 1 tsp of salt) will take approximately four hours to freeze in a home freezer.
Why is the freezing point of salt water lower?
Ice in contact with salty water therefore melts, creating more liquid water, which dissolves more salt, thereby causing more ice to melt, and so on. The higher the concentration of dissolved salt, the lower its overall freezing point. There is a limit, however, to the amount of salt that can be dissolved in water.
Does salt make ice last longer?
What liquid freezes fastest?
WaterWater did freeze the fastest with an average of 56.6 minutes. I think that my experiment was fairly accurate. I equally measured out every liquid and made sure my freezer was the same temperature every time.
What liquid stays frozen the longest?
Just pure ice will stay colder longer because water has a much higher specific heat than any other liquid (unless they've discovered some exotic new chemical). For that reason, water absorbs more energy per gram that any other substance to heat.
Does sugar freeze water faster?
We concluded that different substances can make a difference in how fast water freezes. The sugar water froze the fastest.


text: Improving the efficiency of water consumption and water productivity is the key approach to satisfy sustainable water resource supply and food demand. As effective measures, water saving practices are implemented in arid and semi-arid regions. For areas with shallow groundwater, water used for irrigation is not entirely consumptively used. The majority of irrigation water infiltrations below the root zone are stored in shallow groundwater. This can be reused as groundwater based evapotranspiration (ETg) at the regional scale. Thus, actual regional efficiency of water consumption (REWC) based on all water within the hydrological system is greater than based on consumptive use only. Accurately evaluating the response of REWC and regional water productivity (RWP) to water saving practices is essential due to the complexity of the hydrological system. In this study, regional ETg and regional evapotranspiration (ET) of the past 20 years were reproduced in a typical arid irrigation district with shallow groundwater based on the water balance method. Furthermore, REWC and RWP were estimated to investigate the impact of water saving practices to regional water use. Simulation results show that groundwater is a significant water source of regional ET in arid regions with a shallow aquifer and contributes more than 16% of regional ET for the irrigation district. Water saving practice implementation enhances the contribution of groundwater to ET. After water saving practices implementation, annual REWC and RWP have been improved by 0.07 and 0.1 kg/m3, respectively. Furthermore, negative correlation between REWC and I + P (the total water supply including rainfall and irrigation water diversion) and positive correlation between RWP and REWC demonstrate that water saving practices can reduce the non-beneficial water losses by evaporation and enhance productivity by a lower groundwater table. Overall, shallow groundwater plays an important role to enhance REWC and RWP and the contribution of groundwater to regional water use needs to be considered as part of a reasonable water saving strategy towards a sustainable agricultural system.


@inproceedings{naderi2020b, Title = {{Application of Just-Noticeable Difference in Quality as Environment Suitability Test for Crowdsourcing Speech Quality Assessment Task}}, Author = {Naderi, Babak and Möller, Sebastian}, Booktitle = {12th International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)}, Pages = {1--6}, Year = {2020}, Isbn = {978-1-7281-5965-2}, Month = {may}, Publisher = {IEEE}, Series = {QoMEX}, Howpublished = {Fullpaper}, Abstract = {Crowdsourcing micro-task platforms facilitate subjective media quality assessment by providing access to a highly scaleable, geographically distributed and demographically diverse pool of crowd workers. Those workers participate in the experiment remotely from their own working environment, using their own hardware. In the case of speech quality assessment, preliminary work showed that environmental noise at the listener's side and the listening device (loudspeaker or headphone) significantly affect perceived quality, and consequently the reliability and validity of subjective ratings. As a consequence, ITU-T Rec. P.808 specifies requirements for the listening environment of crowd workers when assessing speech quality. In this paper, we propose a new Just Noticeable Difference of Quality (JNDQ) test as a remote screening method for assessing the suitability of the work environment for participating in speech quality assessment tasks. In a laboratory experiment, participants performed this JNDQ test with different listening devices in different listening environments, including a silent room according to ITU-T Rec. P.800 and a simulated background noise scenario. Results show a significant impact of the environment and the listening device on the JNDQ threshold. Thus, the combination of listening device and background noise needs to be screened in a crowdsourcing speech quality test. We propose a minimum threshold of our JNDQ tests an easily applicable screening method for this purpose.}, Url = {_URL_ Reviewed = {yes} }


by Almira Udjan
Time runs really fast.
Youth Exchange and Study students from Batch 2017-2018 came home after a life-changing experience in the United States. They all gathered in their Re-entry Orientation after 10 months. Everybody was very eager to see their friends and family. Most of them were sad from leaving the people that became close to their hearts.
That is why AFS really made sure that during our Re-entry Orientation, volunteers and alumni would enjoy all the activities and sessions.
They oriented the students about the scenarios that are often encountered by previous students – reverse homesickness was one of them. They also shared alumni opportunities for the students which is a big help for the students for future projects in their home community. In fact, the facilitators of the orientation made it more fun by doing games with the students. Everybody had a smile on their faces and enjoyed the rest of the day. Meanwhile, students gave messages to the people that has been part of their exchange year.
The re-entry ended by saying heartfelt goodbyes. The student bid farewells to everybody specially their fellow exchanges students as they separate ways.
This is definitely a new chapter of their life and the re-entry orientation made the students cope up with challenges that they will face in the near future.


text:
Find a word
Dictionary definition for:
1. (v) transfer to another; "communicate a disease"
2. (v) transmit or serve as the medium for transmission; "Sound carries well over water" "The airwaves carry the sound" "Many metals conduct heat"
3. (v) broadcast over the airwaves, as in radio or television; "We cannot air this X-rated song"
4. (v) send from one person or place to another; "transmit a message"
WordNet 2.1 Copyright Princeton University. All rights reserved.


text:
It's no secret that the Pacific Coast is one of my absolute favorite places in the USA to road trip. Below are some of the animals in the tidal pools that you'll see on the Oregon Coast as well as up and down the Pacific Coast.
Ochre Sea Star
These big purple and orange starfish are always my favorite to look for on the Oregon coast tidal pools! The further north I travel on the coast the more I tend to see although you can find these sea stars along the entire coastline.
Definitely look for them at Canon Beach and the northern areas of the Oregon coast clinging to rocks!
Fun Facts about the Ochre Sea Star:
- Its Latin name is Pisaster ochraceus.
- They come in purple, orange and brownish-red.
- Scientists aren't sure how the sea star gets its colors.
- Ochre sea stars can live for over 20 years!
- They eat barnacles, snails, limpets and mussels.
If you're looking for sea slaters you'll be looking for cliffs on Oregon coastal beaches like Seal Rock and Ecola Beach State Park where sea slaters love to hide inside the cracks. (Although they can be found along the entire Oregon coastline.
These are very skittish creatures and it took me quite a while to get the photo I did above as they move quickly! These critters tend to hang out in rock crevices at around high tide lines so don't look too low if you're searching for them.
Fun Facts About the Sea Slater:
- Its Latin name is Ligia pallasi.
- Also known as a rock louse or sea roach.
- Sea Slaters are isopods.
- They breathe using pleopods which require the animal to stay moist.
- They live up to 2 years.
Check out this interactive map to see where Sea Slaters live!
Giant Green Anemone:
Giant green anemone are easy to spot and prolific along the Oregon coastline! These were easiest and the first wildlife for my children to spot along the coastline as we drove up the Pacific Coast Highway.
If you gently lay your one finger on the top of the anemone you can watch it's sticky feeling tentacles close up around your finger. You are triggering it's response to capture its prey.
Fun Facts about the Giant Green Anemone:
- Its Latin name is Anthopleura xanthogrammica.
- They can be found as far north as Alaska and as far south as Mexico.
- It mostly eats small fish, crabs and mussels.
- They use stinging cells to capture prey (although they are harmless to humans).
Purple Sea Urchin:
These fragile beauties are a little harder to spot in tidal pools than anemone but just as beautiful! You never know when you peer over that next rock into a tidal pool when you'll find an army of purple sea urchins!
Fun Facts about the Purple Sea Urchin:
- Purple sea urchins are edible! People eat the meat inside called uni.
- Sea otters and sea stars also eat purple sea urchins.
- Overpopulation of purple sea urchins are damaging California's kelp forests.
- Purple sea urchins can "walk".
- The toothlike plates that surround an urchin's mouth are called "Aristotle's lantern."
Shore crabs: (like the one shown above)
Shore crabs are the most common crabs found on the coastline. These guys can be found both in the water and on the shore!
Contrary to popular belief hermit crabs can actually smell dead or dying snails and then will use their shells as a home, they do not kill snails for their shell. Although they may battle other hermit crabs over the same shell.
As hermit crabs grow larger they need to continually find larger shells. They are also nocturnal which makes them hard to be found on the shore line!
Sand crabs look far different than your typical "crab" appearance you might expect, and can be found burrowing in the shifting sand of the shore line under the waves. These wave breaks bring fresh plankton which is food for the sand crab.
You can actually monitor the health of a beach based on the sand crabs. It is also referred to as the Pacific Sand Crab or Mole Crab. DID YOU KNOW? Sand crabs can only move backwards! Not side to side or forward!
Other Animals in the Tidal Pools:
- Sand Dollar
Other Sea Creatures that Wash Up on the Beach:
One of my FAVORITE ways to see new sea creatures that wash up on Oregon beaches is by following the Seaside Aquarium FB page! They do a fantastic job of posting curious things washing up on the beach and educating the public about what they find!
During our trip to Hug Pointe State Park, one of my favorite spots on the Oregon Coast, my daughter found a huge jellyfish on the shore front at low tide!
I HIGHLY recommend NOT touching anything washed up if you don't know what it is! Several types of jellyfish (among other sea creatures) can still leave quite the sting if touched!
Man times you'll find jelly blobs on the beach which I've always generically referred to as comb jellies growing up in Florida. However jelly blobs can be a huge number of different things such as sea gooseberry, hooded nudibranch, eggs from sand snails, lugworm eggs, jellyfish and much more!


text:
The Aga Khan Rural Support Programme in India with funding from the Laudes Foundation has been supporting an organic cotton farming programme in three districts of the Nimar Region in Madhya Pradesh where cotton is a major crop and a key source of income for the predominant tribal communities.
In this context, the Aga Khan Foundation commissioned us to conduct a longitudinal study (collecting data from 2021, 2022 and 2023 cropping cycles) to:
- Assess the comparative impact of organic and conventional cotton farming, in terms of farm incomes, cotton productivity, environmental impact (water, soil, carbon emissions) and the overall quality of life of cotton farming families in Madhya Pradesh's Nimar region
- Identify the key determinants of cotton productivity (e.g., seed quality, access to irrigation, soil type/ soil health, access to other inputs) and the contribution of these key determinants to the productivity of organic cotton and conventional cotton.
For this study, we have been using a 'follow-up longitudinal design (panel survey)' along with mixed-method data collection approach (quantitative: face to face interviews and qualitative: in-depth interviews and focused group discussions) following sequential explanatory design of data collection. Our detailed scope of work includes:
- Finalisation of the three farming cohorts for data collection across the three years (2021, 2022, 2023)
- Finalisation of the indicators and the process for collecting data for each of these indicators
- Mapping of primary and secondary data collection sources
- Comparative analysis of BT and non-BT cotton farms with respect to pesticide and chemical fertiliser consumption, water use, labour requirement, cotton productivity and incomes earned from cotton
- Comparative analysis of organic and BT cotton plots on soil
- Co-relation assessment and analysis of trends in cotton and other crop production and productivity across the years covering all seasons based on farmers' practices
- Identification of key determinants of cotton and contribution of these key determinants to the productivity of organic cotton and conventional cotton.


text:
Refining Public Policies with Machine Learning: The Case of Tax Auditing
We study the extent to which ML techniques can be used to improve tax auditing efficiency using administrative data, without the need of randomized audits. Using Italy's population data on sole proprietorship tax returns, audits and their outcome, we develop a new approach to address the so called selective labels problem - the fact that a ML algorithm must necessarily be trained on endogenously selected data. We document the existence of substantial margins for raising revenue from audits by improving the selection of taxpayers to audit with ML. Replacing the 10% least productive audits with an equal number of taxpayers selected by our trained algorithm raises detected tax evasion by as much as 38%, and evasion that is actually payed back by 29%.
We are very grateful to the Italian Revenue Agency for granting us access to the data. We are solely responsible for the ideas expressed in the paper. We thank seminars participants at Cornell University, ETH Zurich and the Italian Presidency of the Council of Ministers for valuable discussions. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.


text: Pakistan's glacial melting woes Published: 2 May 2022 There are more than 6,000 glaciers in northern Pakistan, including Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). These are clean water reservoirs that actually irrigate Pakistan. But these glaciers are changing rapidly due to climate change. The ecosystem of these areas is changing. Global warming has accelerated their melting and more lakes have been formed as a result. Flooding due to the melting endangers lives and livelihoods of millions of local people and adversely affects the ecology.


4
I am trying to find overlapping lines using ST_EQUALS on two tables
This query returns 0 rows:
SELECT * FROM geom1 c, geom2 h WHERE st_equals(c.simple_geom, h.simple_geom);
This query runs correctly and returns overlapping lines:
SELECT * FROM geom1 c, geom2 h WHERE st_astext(c.simple_geom)=st_astext(h.simple_geom);
I am not sure why ST_equals fails. Both colums are indexed, I thought it was due to geom being multilinestring, but after converting to simple_geom with just LineString (using St_geometryN(geom,1)) it is still giving unexpected results.
So it is not indexes, and neither MultiLineString column.
What are other possible sources of this behaviour?
5
 - 2
 Can you post an example of geom1 and geom2? Mar 28 '13 at 0:15
 - Please define what you mean by "overlapping". A straight line A-B-C-D overlaps straight line B-C-D, but the lines are not equal in a way that ST_equals will catch.
 – L_Holcombe
 Mar 28 '13 at 5:00
 - 1
 As mentioned in second code snippet geometries are exactly the same when converted with ST_AsText Mar 28 '13 at 8:42
 - An example would help a lot, but I'm guessing you don't have a spatial reference identifier set (e.g. its 0 or -1) for the geometry.
 – BradHards
 Mar 28 '13 at 10:19
 - both columns are 31275 Mar 28 '13 at 10:27
5
You probably have a single-bit difference between the coordinates, small enough it doesn't show up in the text output, but large enough that it causes the ordinates to actually differ.
SELECT * FROM geom1 c, geom2 h WHERE
 st_equals(
 ST_SnapToGrid(c.simple_geom, 0.01),
 ST_SnapToGrid(h.simple_geom, 0.01)
 );
If you force them to be identical, it should work.
2
 - Ok, I'll try that. It seems that this is most probably the answer since the input data was first hand drawn in Autocad and then imported in PostGIS. Mar 28 '13 at 14:00
 - Yup, this does the trick. I think I will update geometry columns to be snapped to grid. Sub-centimeter precision in geometry isn't really needed and it just produces such weird errors. Mar 28 '13 at 18:14
Your Answer
By clicking "Post Your Answer", you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged or ask your own question.


text:
From June until August, the great yellow gentian makes an impressive sight standing tall in alpine pastures. Many members of the gentian family are subtle and discreet, producing small, delicate, purple-blue flowers. Not this one! It grows over a metre high and gives a dazzling display of bright yellow blooms.
Throughout history, the roots have been used to make both medicinal tonics and bitter liqueurs.
The plant is known for its bitter roots, which are used to make Suze, a bitter French aperitif made in the Pyrenees since 1889. The drink shares its yellow colour with the flowers and is definitely an acquired taste. Made from a mixture of wild and farmed gentians, the process involves macerating the roots in alcohol for over year before pressing them in a factory designed by Gustav Eiffel.
The Gentiana lutea and the gentian family take their names from King Gentius, who used the plant's medicinal properties to cure his army of a plague. Gentius was the last king of the Ardiaei, a tribe in Illyria, from 181-168BC. Illyria was the name given by the Romans and Greeks to the western region of the Balkan peninsula. The lands of the Ardiaei extended through modern-day Albania and Montenegro at the start of Gentius' reign. Although initially a successful military leader, Gentius' alliance with Macedon against the Romans led to his downfall. After his defeat in 168BC, Southern Illyria came under Roman rule while Gentius and his family lived out their days as Roman prisoners in Iguvium.
This tall plant has large, ribbed leaves which grow in pairs from a straight central stalk. The plant typically grows up to 1.2 metres high. The flowers are grouped in rings around the bases of the upper leaves.
It is found in meadows up to 2500 metres of altitude across the Alps and other mountain ranges of central and southern Europe.
Before flowering it can be confused with the poisonous White False Helleborine (Veratrum album). This latter plant has similar large ribbed leaves, but they grow alternately rather than in pairs. After flowering the green blooms are quite different from the yellow ones of the gentian. The Helleborine's toxins were once used to produce poisoned spear heads, so confusing it with gentian root could be a deadly mistake.


text:
Photographs, Colonial Legacy and Museums in Contemporary European Culture
This project studied the role photographic legacy of colonialism has played in helping determine the multicultural identities of modern Europe. Researchers from the Netherlands, Norway and the United Kingdom explored this through photographic records in museums.
Europe's current multicultural societies have roots in their colonial history, and this project analysed some of these connections. It raised questions about the way experiences from the colonial past have been translated into the postcolonial present and in turn shaped the photographic archive and engagements with it. A key question was in what ways changing conceptual approaches to collections have been determined by social developments in European communities and their relations with their former colonies that have since become independent nations.
PhotoCLEC adopted an ethnographic methodology using museums as 'field sites'. The researchers conducted interviews and explored the collections of photographs. This methodology was applied across all aspects of PhotoCLEC because the different sources of photographs, including exhibitions, displays and collections, were all aspects of the same processes and collection, description, management, policy decisions, political pressures, epistemological assumptions and engagement. This meant that the research provided comparable data about patterns of visibility, the forms of articulation of colonial pasts and the institutional policies that shape these discussions.


text:
Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, India
Title: Thermal activation of charcoal produced from Pigeonpea stalk
Sandip Gangil has completed his doctorate from Shizuoka University, Japan. He is Principal Scientist at Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal India. He has published several papers in reputed journals.
The crop residues can be used for preparation of low cost activated charcoal. Pigeon stalk was converted in charcoal using slow pyrolysis in two different type of charring systems, namely vertical reactor bio-char unit and closed charring kiln. Iodine value was taken as indicator of adsorbent ability of charcoal. The iodine values charcoal produced were of the order of 200 ± 10 mg/g. This level of iodine value is relatively low in comparison to iodine value of commercial laboratory grade activated carbon (1140 ± 10 mg/g). The iodine values of raw char obtained from vertical cylinder bio-char unit were ranged from 200 to 320 mg/g; the higher value being for lower pyrolysis temperature when the pyrolysis temperature varied from 250 to 450°C. Thermal activation of charcoal was conducted at 630°C for different durations in muffle furnace. It was found that the duration of half hour is better than higher durations. The iodine value could be enhanced until 650 mg/g by half hour thermal treatment for the charcoal produced at 250°C. The iodine value of the char produced in closed charring kiln was 200 mg/g which could also be improved by thermal activation process till 600. Thus, the iodine values of 625 ± 25 mg/g are obtainable for pigeon pea based char after thermal processing of raw charcoal. In reference to the iodine value of raw charcoal, the iodine value could be improved until 2-3 times. In comparison with commercial activated carbon this iodine value is about 45%.
In other experiment, we produced the charcoal from wood using downdraft gasifier. The activation of wood based charcoal obtained through gasification was achieved till iodine value level of 900 mg/m. This level was nearly 80% of the activation level of commercial activated carbon. Thus, the activation of gasification generated wood charcoal was better than the activation of pyrolysis generated crop residue charcoal. It was due to two reasons viz., the char obtained from gasifier was generated at higher temperatures; the wood contains relatively lower volatiles, moisture and ash content than the experimented crop residues.


5. Repeater Example
A DDS Router could work as a TURN Repeater to forward messages by the same Participant. If you are interested in understanding the use case of a Repeater please refer to the following section Repeater DDS Router.
5.1. Configuration
5.1.1. Version
The version attribute is required, as the repeater tag is only supported from v3.0 configuration version.
version: v3.0 # 0
5.1.2. Allowed Topics
This section lists the Topics that the DDS Router will route from one Participant to the other. Topic HelloWorldTopic with datatype HelloWorld, and ROS 2 topic rt/chatter with datatype std_msgs::msg::dds_::String_ will be forwarded from one domain to the other, allowing different DDS domains to interact with each other.
allowlist:
 - name: HelloWorldTopic # 1
 type: HelloWorld # 1
 - name: rt/chatter # 2
 type: std_msgs::msg::dds_::String_
5.1.3. Repeater Participant
The Repeater Participant is the one that will be used to forward messages by the same Participant. It must be a WAN Participant and be configured as so with WAN configuration.
 - name: RepeaterParticipant # 3
 kind: wan # 4
 repeater: true # 5
 listening-addresses:
 - domain: "server.domain.com"
 port: 11666
 transport: tcp
5.1.4. Client Participants
Every Client can connect to a Repeater Participant as if it was a normal WAN Participant. The Repeater admits as many edge DDS Router connections as desired, so several DDS Router can use the same or similar configuration to communicate across it.
 - name: Client # 5
 kind: wan # 6
 connection-addresses:
 - domain: "server.domain.com"
 port: 11666
 transport: tcp
5.2. Execute example
Please refer to this section for a detailed explanation on how to execute the DDS Router.
5.2.1. Execute with ROS 2 demo nodes
In order to run this example, there must be three different hosts located in different local networks:
 - host HA with private IP 192.168.1.2 connected to network router RA with public IP 1.1.1.1.
 - host HB with private IP 192.168.2.2 connected to network router RB with public IP 2.2.2.2.
 - host HC with private IP 192.168.2.3 connected to network router RC with public IP 3.3.3.3.
This example could be run in localhost or with two hosts in the same LAN, but it will not use the WAN communication features of the DDS Router.
5.2.2. Host HA
This host runs the DDS Router Repeater Server, which will receive data from both edges and redirect the messages between them. Execute DDS Router using file <path/to/ddsrouter_tool>/share/resources/configurations/examples/repeater.yaml. Remember to change the IP and port on the configuration file to the actual public IP of RA, and be sure that the port forwarding rules are configured in RA so HA is accessible from the outside.
5.2.3. Hosts HB and HC
These hosts run the DDS Router WAN Clients, which will connect to the previously launched Repeater Server. Execute DDS Router using file <path/to/ddsrouter_tool>/share/resources/configurations/examples/wan_client.yaml. Remember to change the IPs and ports on the configuration file to the actual public IPs of RA and RB. In this example the port forwarding is not required, as the Repeater will allow the communication through it, and TCP protocol is being used..
Both clients can execute ROS 2 demo nodes, which will publish and subscribe in topic rt/chatter. Execute a talker in one of them and a listener in the other. It is recommended to use different ROS_DOMAIN_ID in each node, so in case both nodes are accessible (under same network) no loop is created. In order to do so, change the YAML configuration files to use different domains, and use the following ROS2 commands:
# Hb
ROS_DOMAIN_ID=0 ros2 run demo_nodes_cpp talker
# Hc
ROS_DOMAIN_ID=1 ros2 run demo_nodes_cpp listener
5.2.4. Result
After executing the three DDS Router applications in hosts, and talker and listener applications, the listener in HC will start receiving and printing data from the talker in HB. You are communicating DDS via WAN.
Note
If HB can access HC due to port forwarding or because both are under the same network, the listener will receive duplicated messages, as one of them will arrive from HB and the other from HA.


rame');
 iframe.parentNode.removeChild(iframe);
 }
});
function runTest() {
 var iframe = document.querySelector('iframe');
 iframe.contentWindow.getSelection().removeAllRanges();
 iframe.contentDocument.body.offsetTop;
 setTimeout(function () {
 var startTime = PerfTestRunner.now();
 iframe.contentDocument.execCommand('SelectAll');
 iframe.contentDocument.body.offsetTop;
 setTimeout(function () {
 if (!PerfTestRunner.measureValueAsync(PerfTestRunner.now() - startTime))
 return;
 PerfTestRunner.gc();
 setTimeout(runTest, 0);
 }, 0);
 }, 0);
}
</script>
<iframe src="../Parser/resources/html5.html" onload="runTest()" width="800" height="600">
</body>
</html>
Optional Arguments
measureRunsPerSecond, measureTime, and PerfTestRunner.prepareToMeasureValuesAsync described above optionally support the following arguments (as properties in the object they take):
 - setup - In measureRunsPerSecond and measureTime, this function gets called before the start of each iteration. With measureRunsPerSecond, this function gets called exactly once before run gets called many times in each iteration. If there is some work to be done before run can be called each time, use measureTime instead. PerfTestRunner.prepareToMeasureValuesAsync ignores this function as it can't know when the next iteration starts.
 - done - This function gets called once all iterations are finished.
 - description - The description of the test. run-perf-tests will print out this text.
Profiling Performance Tests
run-perf-tests --profile can be used to attach and run the default platform CPU profiler against the provided test(s).
Additionally, the --profiler=PROFILER option can select which profiler to use from the built-in profilers:
perf linux (default), chromium-android (default)
iprofiler mac (default)
sample mac
pprof mac, linux (chromium-only, requires using tcmalloc)
For perf and pprof profilers --profile provides per-test "10 hottest functions" output, which is useful for obtaining a high level overview of where the test is spending it's time. This has been surprisingly helpful for finding hot non-inlined functions, or other low-hanging fruit.
% run-perf-tests --profile
Running 113 tests
Running Animation/balls.html (1 of 113)
Finished: 3.079851 s
[ perf record: Woken up 3 times to write data ]
[ perf record: Captured and wrote 0.678 MB /src/WebKit/Source/WebKit/chromium/webkit/Release/layout-test-results/test-44.data (~29642 samples) ]
 5.99% DumpRenderTree perf-5981.map [.] 0x250f5ef06321
 2.46% DumpRenderTree DumpRenderTree [.] v8::internal::FastDtoa(double, v8::internal::FastDtoaMode, int, v8::internal::Vector<char>, int*, int*)
 1.86% DumpRenderTree DumpRenderTree [.] WebCore::Length::initFromLength(WebCore::Length const&)
 1.74% DumpRenderTree DumpRenderTree [.] WebCore::RenderStyle::diff(WebCore::RenderStyle const*, unsigned int&) const
 1.69% DumpRenderTree libfreetype.so.6.8.0 [.] 0x493ab
 1.35% DumpRenderTree DumpRenderTree [.] tc_free
 1.30% DumpRenderTree [kernel.kallsyms] [k] 0xffffffff8103b51a
 1.27% DumpRenderTree DumpRenderTree [.] tc_malloc
 1.25% DumpRenderTree DumpRenderTree [.] v8::internal::JSObject::SetPropertyWithInterceptor(v8::internal::String*, v8::internal::Object*, PropertyAttributes, v8::internal::StrictModeFlag)
 1.22% DumpRenderTree DumpRenderTree [.] WTF::double_conversion::Strtod(WTF::double_conversion::Vector<char const>, int)
To view the full profile, run:
perf report -i /src/WebKit/Source/WebKit/chromium/webkit/Release/layout-test-results/test-44.data
(Note: perf prints out a bunch of kernel-related warnings which I've stripped from the above output sample.)
For more in-depth analysis, all profilers print instructions after profiling as to how to explore the full sample data, as shown above.
Adding support for a new profiler
run-perf-tests --profile --profiler=PROFILER uses Profilers provided by webkitpy.common.system.profiler, except for perf on Android which is currently implemented in chromium_android.py. Profilers should conform to the Profiler class interface, and ProfilerFactory needs to know how to create one. All of this is defined in profiler.py. If you have any trouble, email eric@webkit.


text:
Boffin says Astronomical Unit should be binned
Fails to allow for shrinky sun, spiralling Earth
An astronomer based in Canada has published a paper arguing that distances within the solar system should no longer be measured using Astronomical Units (AU), which is currently standard practice.
An AU is approximately equal to the distance between Earth and Sun, but the International Astronomical Union actually defines it differently. According to the IAU, an AU's value is based on the Gaussian gravitational constant - which itself assumes that the Sun has a constant mass.
But Peter Noerdlinger of St Mary's University points out that in fact the Sun loses an ultra-minuscule proportion of itself every second due to the continual conversion of mass into solar energy. (About three millionths of a quadrillionth goes every second if we've got our sums right; or three billionths of a trillionth if you prefer. This equates to around six million tonnes, which is 60 US Navy aircraft carriers or 80-million-odd international adjusted Sarah Beenys completely annihilated.)
The Sun's shrinkage means that Earth gets further away and slows down in its progress all the time, gradually spiralling outwards into darkness and deviating from where it should be under IAU rules; which makes Noerdlinger mad.
"Units are not supposed to change," he told New Scientist, describing the situation as "quite a nuisance" and insisting that "for scientific and engineering usage, it is essential to get it right".
The testy boffin reckons variance in the AU could account for the so-called "Pioneer anomaly", in which NASA's Pioneer space probes have wandered off their calculated courses since heading out into interstellar space. He proposes using metres instead. ®


text:
The Origin of the Phrase "Mind Your Own Beeswax"
Today I found out the origin of the phrase "mind your own beeswax."
"Mind your own beeswax" and "it's none of your beeswax" are common phrases you might hear being shouted by six-year-olds on the school playground. For the uninitiated, they basically mean "mind your own business" or "it's none of your business," but some people think it's more complicated than that.
There is a popular story that says back in the 18th and 19th centuries, women who suffered from disfiguring marks left by small pox used beeswax to smooth out their complexion. One suggested theory is that if someone got too close or was staring too long, a woman would say "mind your own beeswax," as in, "stop staring at mine." Another is that the beeswax would start to melt if a woman sat too close to the fire, and their companions would have to tell them to "mind their own beeswax" which was dripping off their chins.
Beeswax has been commonly used in cosmetics for years, most notably in Burt's Bees products, but this origin story is pure myth. The story started being circulated by a chain e-mail called "Little History Lesson" which made the rounds in 2000.
The first record of "mind your own beeswax" actually appears in 1929 in a children's book, with additional early records following in 1934 and 1939, quite a few years after women were supposedly slathering wax on their faces and coining popular expressions about it.
Aside from there being no documented cases of beeswax being used as a remedy for pockmarks, there are documented medicines in their place. Pockmarks were considered to be a problem, but instead of wax, women would use brightly coloured patches of cloth and stick them on their faces with adhesive to cover the marks. This sounds a little ridiculous, but it would probably sound pretty odd to someone from the 18th and 19th centuries to hear that people today inject botulinum toxin type-A (a.k.a. Botox) into their faces to improve their look. Another trick they used back then was face powder made from lead flakes, which might have covered up their scars but wasn't exactly beneficial to their health.
There is no evidence to suggest that "beeswax" is anything more than a funny, and convenient, substitution for "business." The phrase "mind your own business" has been around for a long time, and is incredibly straightforward: it is a phrase to tell someone to pay attention to their own affairs rather than yours. It's thought that changing "business" to "beeswax" probably softened the phrase, making it sound a little less harsh.
One etymologist, Mark Forsyth, has noted that the word "beeswax" was slang for "tedious bore" in the 19th century. Therefore, the phrase "mind your own beeswax" might in fact be "mind your own, beeswax." That is, "nose out, you bore." However, Forsyth admits that the substitution theory carries a lot of weight too, since the words "business" and "beeswax" sound quite similar.
- 10 Amazzzzing Bee Facts
- What the "Bee" in "Spelling Bee" Means
- The Origin of the Phrase "Close, But No Cigar"
- The Fascinating Origin of the Word "Abracadabra"
- Why We Call Things "The Big Cheese"
- Another popular beeswax theory is that women in the 1800s would sit by the fire making beeswax candles and if they got too close, the wax would begin to melt. As with the others, you'd be hard pressed to find any evidence to back this up—plus, by the mid-1800s, beeswax was starting to be phased out in favour of candles made of animal fat.
- The first cold cream was supposedly invented by Galen, a Greek physician, in the 2nd century A.D. It contained beeswax mixed with olive oil and rosewater
- The same "Little History Lesson" e-mail claimed that beeswax-covered women were also the reason for the phrase "crack a smile." Once a woman had applied her beeswax, she wouldn't be able to smile or the wax would crack around her lips. Again, this isn't true. Crack a smile is related to "crack a joke," which dates back to the 1300s and is simply a figure of speech. It doesn't allude to a physical crack in anything, least of all the fictional wax masks of 19th century women.
- Supposedly, the wax dripping off women's faces also led to the phrase "losing face." This phrase is actually derived from a Chinese expression about moral character and social prestige that was loosely translated into "lose face" in the 1800s. It has nothing to do with wax.
- Other "bee" phrases include "make a bee-line," which refers to going somewhere in the quickest and most direct route possible. This one came about from the idea that bees instinctually know where their hives are and when they are going back home, they go by the most direct route. (In fact, bees have an incredibly advanced method of navigation, including using the sun and adjusting for time of day and the curvature of the earth in calculating the angles of direction they should fly to find things.) Another one is "a bee in your bonnet," which comes from a Scottish translation of Aenid: "hede full of beis." The phrase means being preoccupied with an idea, and comes from the agitated state someone would be in if they had a bee buzzing around their head.
- Speaking of minding your own beeswax, "Little History Lesson" also brought up "minding your P's and Q's," which isn't too common a phrase these days. The chain e-mail claimed it had to do with bar maids "minding the pints and quarts" that their customers were drinking. In truth, it isn't actually known definitively where this expression comes from. Some other theories include telling children to "mind their pleases and thank you's" while another one says it has to do with children learning the difference between lower case p's and q's. An early quotation, from 1602, tells of a "Pee and Kue," which appears to be a type of clothing. Unfortunately, we may never know exactly how this one came about, but given Little History Lesson's track record, it would be a shocker if they actually got one right. 🙂
|Share the Knowledge!|


text:
An ESL/ELA Word Search containing 21 nationalities in English.
This Word Search contains the following 21 nationalities: American, Australian, Brazilian, Canadian, Chilean, Chinese, Colombian, Egyptian, English, French, German, Greek, Irish, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Mexican, Peruvian, Portuguese, South African, Spanish.
There are three versions of this word search:
- One worksheet is with NATIONALITIES as clues at the bottom of the sheet.
- One worksheet is with the COUNTRIES as clues at the bottom and where the students need to find the corresponding nationality in the word search.
- One worksheet is WITHOUT clues. There are lines (spaces) where students have to write the nationalities that they have found. This worksheet is good for students that have already seen this topic or are normally fast finishers.
CONTENT: This pack contains 4 Pages:
- Past Tense Irregular Verbs – Word Search with nationalities as clues – Student Version – (1 page)
- Past Tense Irregular Verbs – Word Search with countries as clues – Student Version – (1 page)
- Past Tense Irregular Verbs – Word Search without clues – Student Version – (1 page)
- Past Tense Irregular Verbs – Word Search – Teacher Answers – (1 page)
LEVEL: Beginner (CEFR – A1 Level)
AGE: From 7 years


text:
Who are we?
fortiss is the research institute of the Free State of Bavaria for software-intensive systems and services with headquarters in Munich. The institute currently employs around 120 employees, who collaborate on research, development and transfer projects with universities and technology companies in Bavaria, Germany and Europe. Research is focused on state of the art methods, techniques and tools of software development, systems & service engineering and their application to reliable, secure cyber-physical systems, such as the Internet of Things (IoT). fortiss has the legal structure of a non-profit limited liability company (GmbH).
In the Neuromorphic Computing department, we propose a
Master Thesis in Neuromorphic Vision
Neuromorphic vision, through the use of event-based cameras, is paving the way to low-energy, low-latency and fast vision algorithms for robotics and autonomous devices. We at fortiss, research and develop vision algorithms based on spiking neural network and running on neuromorphic hardware and apply them to gesture recognition, robotic arm control or drone-based surveillance. Our research topics include attention mechanisms, spiking convolutional networks, online learning, few shots learning, spiking reinforcement learning, simulated and real neurorobotics, spiking robotic control and more.