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I have the folder application/ which I add to the .gitignore. Inside the application/ folder is the folder application/language/gr. How can I include this folder?
I've tried this
application/
!application/language/gr/
with no luck...
17 Answers 17
1662
If you exclude application/, then everything under it will always be excluded (even if some later negative exclusion pattern ("unignore") might match something under application/).
To do what you want, you have to "unignore" every parent directory of anything that you want to "unignore". Usually you end up writing rules for this situation in pairs: ignore everything in a directory, but not some certain subdirectory.
# you can skip this first one if it is not already excluded by prior patterns
!application/
application/*
!application/language/
application/language/*
!application/language/gr/
Note
The trailing /* is significant:
 - The pattern dir/ excludes a directory named dir and (implicitly) everything under it.
 With dir/, Git will never look at anything under dir, and thus will never apply any of the "un-exclude" patterns to anything under dir.
 - The pattern dir/* says nothing about dir itself; it just excludes everything under dir. With dir/*, Git will process the direct contents of dir, giving other patterns a chance to "un-exclude" some bit of the content (!dir/sub/).
| improve this answer | |
 - 13
 Are the trailing asterisks significant? If so, what's the difference in meaning? Per the algorithm described in the gitignore documentation, ending with a trailing slash matches a directory and paths beneath that directory. Ending with an asterisk would then fall to treatment as a glob pattern. Experimenting shows the asterisk variant to work, but not the one ending in just a trailing slash. I'd like to understand why that's so. – seh May 11 '11 at 13:21
 - 124
 @seh: Yes, the trailing /* is significant. If a directory is excluded, Git will never look at the contents of that directory. The pattern dir/ excludes a directory named dir and (implicitly) everything under it. The pattern dir/* says nothing about dir itself; it just excludes everything under dir. With dir/, Git will never look at anything under dir, and thus will never apply any of the "un-exclude" patterns to anything under dir. With dir/*, Git will process the direct contents of dir, giving other patterns a chance to "un-exclude" some bit of the content (!dir/sub/). – Chris Johnsen May 12 '11 at 2:58
 - 8
 Ah, that explains it. No matter how many times I've read the gitignore documentation, I never understood when the reverted patterns don't work. With your explanation, it's now clear. The gitignore documentation needs a "recipe" section to explain how to do this. – seh May 13 '11 at 0:32
 - 8
 I couldn't quite get this to work (crazy .gitignore file!), so instead I just force-added the files after cd'ing to the directory I wanted. git add -f . – K0D4 Jul 21 '15 at 21:42
 - 2
 Note that you can't rely on the output of git status, which will just tell you that the top level directory is going to be added. Instead, do a git add of the top level directory and then git status will (hopefully) list the subset of files that have been matched by the pattern. – Matthew Strawbridge Sep 2 '16 at 10:00
141
Commit 59856de from Karsten Blees (kblees) for Git 1.9/2.0 (Q1 2014) clarifies that case:
gitignore.txt: clarify recursive nature of excluded directories
An optional prefix "!" which negates the pattern; any matching file excluded by a previous pattern will become included again.
It is not possible to re-include a file if a parent directory of that file is excluded. (*)
(*: unless certain conditions are met in git 2.8+, see below)
Git doesn't list excluded directories for performance reasons, so any patterns on contained files have no effect, no matter where they are defined.
Put a backslash ("\") in front of the first "!" for patterns that begin with a literal "!", for example, "\!important!.txt".
Example to exclude everything except a specific directory foo/bar (note the /* - without the slash, the wildcard would also exclude everything within foo/bar):
 --------------------------------------------------------------
 $ cat .gitignore
 # exclude everything except directory foo/bar
 /*
 !/foo
 /foo/*
 !/foo/bar
 --------------------------------------------------------------
In your case:
application/*
!application/**/
application/language/*
!application/language/**/
!application/language/gr/**
You must white-list folders first, before being able to white-list files within a given folder.
Update Feb/March 2016:
Note that with git 2.9.x/2.10 (mid 2016?), it might be possible to re-include a file if a parent directory of that file is excluded if there is no wildcard in the path re-included.
Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy (pclouds) is trying to add this feature:
So with git 2.9+, this could have actually worked, but was ultimately reverted:
application/
!application/language/gr/
| improve this answer | |
 - I tried to use the updated re-include syntax posted at the end of your answer on git for windows v2.8.1.windows.1 but it does not appear to work :( – David Hancock Apr 12 '16 at 17:58
 - 1
 @DavidHancock Sorry, I have edited the answer: this is not available yet. – VonC Apr 12 '16 at 18:24
 - 1
 @DavidHancock me too: that is more than 13 Stack Overflow answers that I had to edit multiple times over! – VonC Apr 12 '16 at 18:49
 - 5
 Git 2.9 was released yesterday. Confirming the application/ + !application/language/gr/ pattern mentioned in the answer is working as expected. – Ray Shan Jun 15 '16 at 0:52
 - 1
 @RayShan Strange: I have see the revert commit cancelling that feature, but I haven't see (and the release note github.com/git/git/blob/master/Documentation/RelNotes/2.9.0.txt does not mention) any commit improving the .gitignore rules. – VonC Jun 15 '16 at 7:13
54
@Chris Johnsen's answer is great, but with a newer versions of Git (1.8.2 or later), there is a double asterisk pattern you can leverage for a bit more shorthand solution:
# assuming the root folder you want to ignore is 'application'
application/**/*
# the subfolder(s) you want to track:
!application/language/gr/
This way you don't have to "unignore" parent directory of the subfolder you want to track.
With Git 2.17.0 (Not sure how early before this version. Possibly back to 1.8.2), using the ** pattern combined with excludes for each subdirectory leading up to your file(s) works. For example:
# assuming the root folder you want to ignore is 'application'
application/**
# Explicitly track certain content nested in the 'application' folder:
!application/language/
!application/language/gr/
!application/language/gr/** # Example adding all files & folder in the 'gr' folder
!application/language/gr/SomeFile.txt # Example adding specific file in the 'gr' folder
| improve this answer | |
 - 9
 Alas, this fails (Git 1.8.4.msysgit.0) because the pattern ** can match zero subfolders, and * will match language and exclude it, preventing inclusion of gr. The full chain of parents @Chris Johnson recommends seems necessary still. – Sean Gugler Feb 14 '14 at 0:26
 - 3
 Sounds perfect but it doesn't work for me on git 2.3.7 ... /www/**/* !/www/config.xml !/www/res config.xml and the res directory are still ignored.


text:
etd AT Indian Institute of Science >
Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences >
Civil Engineering (civil) >
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
|Title: ||Passive Earth Pressure Coefficients And There Applications In The Uplift Capacity Of Anchors|
|Authors: ||Nayak, Sitaram|
|Advisors: ||Rao, Subba K S|
|Submitted Date: ||Apr-2000|
|Publisher: ||Indian Institute of Science|
|Abstract: ||The problem of passive earth pressure is one of the important topics in Geotechnical engineering. At attempt is made in this thesis to generate passive earth pressure coefficients for general c-Φ soils using logarithmic spiral failure surface by limit equilibrium approach. Method of slices for the determination of passive force in c-Φsoils is presented and the method is extended to a typical problem of two layered soil system. The application of passive earth pressure coefficients has been demonstrated for pullout capacity of inclined strip anchors in sloping ground. A semi-empirical approach for the determination of displacement-related passive earth pressure is presented.
The thesis is organized in seven chapters. In Ch.2, a brief summary of relevant literature is presented along with the scope of the thesis. In Ch. 3, limit equilibrium approach for the determination of the passive earth pressure in soils is presented. The
passive earth pressure coefficients are developed for δ/Φ= - 1, - ¾ , -2/3, - ½, 0, ½, ¾
1; ψ = -60º, -45º, -30º, -20º, -10º, 0º,10º,20º,30º and 45º; i= -30º, -20º, -10º,0º,10º,20º and 30º where δ is the wall friction angle, Φ is the angle of internal friction, Ψ is the
inclination of the wall with the vertical and i is the ground inclination with the horizontal. Ch.4 deals with the method of slices. Satisfying all the three equilibrium conditions and using interstice friction as a variable, passive earth pressure coefficients are obtained for soils. Extension of the method to a two layered soil system is demonstrated by an illustrative example. A generalised approach for the determination of uplift capacity of inclined strip anchors in sloping ground subjected to surcharge is presented in Ch. 5. Expressions are provided for the determination of pullout capacity of deep anchors. Displacement-related passive earth pressure is discussed in Ch. 6. Using the earlier experimental observations on the passive earth pressure measurements with displacements, expressions have been fitted for the determination of displacement-related passive earth pressure for the three modes of rigid body movements viz., translation, rotation about the top and rotation about the bottom. The conclusions drawn from the present investigations are listed in Ch 7.
(Pl see the original document for abstract)|
|Appears in Collections:||Civil Engineering (civil)|
Items in etd@IISc are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Unleashing Screensaver: May 17th
ThingThingThing is an experimental collaboration between Asia Art Archive and artist duo ZZYW, formed by Yang Wang and Zhenzhen Qi. Yang was originally a graphic designer and Zhenzhen a applied mathematician. Five years ago, they started exploring the boundary between art and technology in their creative practices. They became interested in exploring the collaborate narrative […]
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text:
Griffin: America Has a 'Pac-Man Problem'
WASHINGTON – Congressman Tim Griffin (AR-02), a member of the Ways and Means Committee, issued the following statement after releasing a new video – America's Pac-Man Problem:
"A large part of my job is listening. Just about every day, I hear from Arkansans who tell me how important a federal program is for their family. These aren't Wall Street bankers or high-paid lobbyists – they're folks like you and me – people who care about their communities and the ones they love. Often, I have to tell them about America's Pac-Man problem: autopilot spending on things like health care and retirement programs is crowding out the country's ability to pay for things like transportation, medical research, education and health care for our veterans. My newest video explains the problem and House Republicans' efforts to reverse it."
There are two types of federal spending: the first is mandatory spending (or autopilot spending), which describes the amount of money that is automatically spent each year on things like Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, and the interest on the debt. Mathematical formulas determine how much money is spent on these programs each year. This spending is automatic and occurs without annual Congressional approval. The second is discretionary spending, which is controlled by Congress and most federal programs are funded through annual appropriation bills passed by Congress.
In 1970, autopilot spending accounted for only 42 percent of all federal spending. In 2010, it accounted for 62 percent. Less than three decades from now, it's going to account for over three-quarters of all federal spending.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The broadleaved catalpa, or cigar tree, is a caterpillar's playground. Its large, dinner-plate size leaves provide food for the catalpa sphinx moth caterpillar, sometimes called the catalpa worm. While considered a pest in some areas, in others, according to Texas A&M University Extension, it is collected and used for fish bait.
Catalpa sphinx moth caterpillars have a distinctive black horn at the last body segment. When fully grown, caterpillars have a black head and black stripe running down their backs. The rest of the caterpillar is white to pale yellow with a black spot or vertical stripe on each segment. The black stripe on the back can sometimes be broken up into individual spots.
Life Cycle and Emergence
Pupae are found under the soil at about 2 to 3 inches. They remain in the soil all winter long and emerge as adults in the spring, around May. When new caterpillars appear depends on when females lay their eggs. Usually it is as soon as they emerge. They can lay up to 1,000 eggs and the eggs hatch in 10 to 14 days. Caterpillars can actually emerge all summer. Depending on where you live, the catalpa sphinx moth caterpillar can have as many as five generations a year. The number of generations depends on how long your summer is.
Given the large numbers of these caterpillars that can appear during the summer, defoliation of a host catalpa is a possibility. According to Virginia State University trees on high ground and in poor soil may never host an infestation. They also state that infestations don't always occur in consecutive years due to parasite activity. Because they only appear sporadically, not year after year, catalpa worms rarely kill trees.
Because they cause only cosmetic damage and do not seriously harm the tree, control of catalpa worms is not usually necessary. Defoliated trees will re-leaf and and be just fine. Caterpillars can be harvested by hand from trees and used fresh or frozen as fish bait. If you do feel chemical control is necessary, both Texas A&M and Virginia State University suggest contacting your local extension agent for insecticide recommendations approved for their control in your state.


text:
Interactive Plot Viewer
About the Interactive Plot Viewer
The Interactive Plot Viewer shows show data submitted by the author visually in a line or scatter plot and numerically in a data table.
Interactive Plots provide authors and readers with many benefits. They:
- Enable authors to display plots that give easy access to the underlying data
- Enable readers to explore the dataset from the plot via mouse over or viewing the data table
- Enable readers to download the full data set to facilitate validation and re-use
e-NSP: Efficient negative sequential pattern mining - Artificial Intelligence
In situ observation of mechanical damage within a SiC-SiC ceramic matrix composite - Journal of Nuclear Materials
Calculation of the state of safety (SOS) for lithium ion batteries - Journal of Power Sources
The current version of Interactive Plots has been designed to support simple xy plots, though some authors have used the feature for more complicated ones.
Data files for Interactive Plots must be saved and submitted in CSV (comma-separated values) format. Nearly all database software programs – including Microsoft Excel – support this export option.
To format the file correctly, please take the following into account:
- Each column represents a data series. Your file should have at least two columns so the data can be visualized as (X, Y) pairs on a plot. If you include more columns, these will be presented as multiple series on the plot.
- The first row acts as header and should contain the label of the data series in plain text.
- Please remember to include units in the labels (between brackets)
An example of a correctly formatted file is show below.
A file like this would display as the image below. Please note this is a flat image that does not show the interactivity. To see the full interactivity, try saving this file as CSV and uploading it into our Interactive Plots Preview Tool.
Our current version of Interactive Plots has the following number of restrictions for ensuring correct display:
- Please do not include special characters in the header labels.
- Your file should have 2-10 columns.
- The maximum number of rows is 250.
- There should not be any empty cells.
- The application supports numbers with up to 3 decimal digits. If your data contains numbers with more than 3 decimal digits, please use scientific notation, e.g. 1.123E-07.
- The maximum file size is 500KB.
You can check if your file works and how it will look online using the Interactive Plots Preview Tool. Please double check that you mention the units (between brackets).
Upload your file together with your article via the submission system. Important: To ensure we can distinguish your file from a regular data file, please be sure to select the option "Interactive Plots".
In your manuscript, you can indicate where you want the material to appear in the article, for example, by writing 'File1.csv here'.
Reviewers will find CSV files associated with Interactive Plots in the supplementary material submitted with the manuscript. Editors and reviewers can use the Interactive Plots Preview Tool to inspect Interactive Plot files during the review process.
- EES: the files can be downloaded via links on the final pages of the reviewer PDF
- EVISE: the files can be downloaded directly from the system
For more information, read the general reviewer instructions.


I would like to control my dc motor using the Arduino Uno WiFi Rev2 using an html range slider. Now I can control the motors speed and direction using push buttons just fine. My code is posted below of what I've done so far.
client.println(".class-name{writing-mode: bt-lr; webkit-appearance: slider-vertical;width: 8px;height: 175px;padding: 0 5px;}");
client.println("");
This code below is the current button code. I need the below code to be used by the slider code above:
if (currentLine.endsWith("GET /MONFWD")) {
digitalWrite(MOTOR_A_ONE, HIGH); // Establishes forward direction of Channel A
delay(1000); // DELAY BEFORE RELEASING BRAKE
digitalWrite(MOTOR_A_TWO, LOW); // Disengage the Brake for Channel A
analogWrite(MOTOR_A_ENGAGE, 255); // Spins the motor forward on Channel A at full speed
 - 1
 And what is your question? You didn't ask one. Please describe, what exactly your problem is in writing the needed code. – chrisl Oct 18 '19 at 1:05
Here's an example of slider that changes a Servo speed, In html page code you have to add this:

 Value:
var slider = document.getElementById("myRange");
var output = document.getElementById("demo");
output.innerHTML = slider.value;
slider.onchange = function() {
 output.innerHTML = this.value;
function pwm_change(val) {
 var xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
 xhttp.open("GET", "setPWM?PWMval="+val, true);
In arduino you have to define handler like this:
void handle_pwm() {
 String pwm_val = server.arg("PWMval"); // reading from slider on html pagae
 Serial.print("slider val: ");
int pwm_value = map(pwm_val.toInt(), 0, 1023, 0, 180);
server.send(200,"text/plane","0"); // handling the webpage update
And define servo and handler in Setup() section:
void setup(void){
server.on("/setPWM", handle_pwm);
 - I'm not using the servo.h library...I'm using a motor shield which already works with the push buttons....if I ignore the servo.write and servo.attach arguments the code should work fine correct? – PilotinControl Oct 18 '19 at 18:14
 - Also the above code is not compatible with the Arduino Uno WiFi Rev 2. It does not use server.on or server.arg – PilotinControl Oct 18 '19 at 20:44
 - no difference, you can follow the above example for both motor shield and Uno WIFI board, just replace servo.write() command with motor.setSpeed() for changing DC motor's speed in motor shield.just need to map slider value (0-1023) to your motor speed range,that is usually (0-255). And by using libraries like WiFiNINA, you can have server.xyz arguments for Uno Wifi board so. – M sayeh Oct 18 '19 at 21:46
 - I am using the WiFiNINA library and there are no equivalents for server.arg and server.on except for client.read and client.println. Also no matter where I put the function handle_pwm it throws errors. The slider works fine as I did change the values there. Its getting the function to line up with the slider that its not working. I currently have 3 push buttons that work. Motor FWD, MotorREV and MotorBrake those work fine. I just need a slider to control the motor speed smoothly – PilotinControl Oct 18 '19 at 23:04
 - the above example is originally written for Nodemcu board,It enjoys much easier libraries to parse http requests,like ESP8266 WebServer lib including server.arg command and etc... for Arduino Uno WiFi Rev 2,it is not seemingly as various as nodemcu,so,you should deal with the http requests with commands like client.read(), currentLine.endsWith() and equivalents like this. – M sayeh Oct 19 '19 at 0:00
Your Answer


text:
Space Foundation Press Releases
Space Foundation Summer Institute for teachers grows by 10 percent
Written by: Space Foundation Editorial Team
COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo. (Aug. 8, 2006) — The Space Foundation announced today that attendance at its recently completed Summer Institute has increased by 10 percent, compared to attendance in 2005. A total of 169 teachers from across the United States and even Italy came to Colorado Springs to participate in the five, intensive, graduate-level courses that began June 19 and concluded July 29, 2006. Teachers from Alaska, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, Oklahoma, Ohio, Oregon, Tennessee, Texas, Washington, Wisconsin, and Italy attended. "It's clear to us that teachers are eager to use the excitement of space as a learning tool in the classroom," said Space Foundation Vice President of Education and Workforce Development Dr. Patricia Arnold. "The hands on lessons taught at the Summer Institute can be integrated into any subject area to improve student understanding." Courses are one week long and are designed to help teachers use space themes in the classroom to enable improved student performance in literacy, science, technology, engineering, mathematics and other subject areas. The five courses offered each summer are "Astronomy Principles for the Classroom: Kinesthetic Astronomy," "Space Technologies in the Classroom: Imagery and High-Tech Science," "Earth Systems Science: Our Earth Revealed," "Rocketry and the Biology of Living in Space: Living Aboard the International Space Station," and "Biological and Physical Research: Long-Term Space Travel." Among the attendees was Ms. Joyce Luka, who teaches third grade at Palolo Elementary School in Honolulu, Hawaii, and is the 2006 recipient of the Space Foundation's Lucy Enos Memorial Scholarship for Teachers. The scholarship provided for her attendance at the Earth Systems Science course. The scholarship was formed in 2005 to create professional development opportunities for teachers of Hawaiian or part-Hawaiian ancestry, or teachers working with students of Hawaiian or part-Hawaiian ancestry. Elliot G. and Cynthia A. Pulham provide funding for the scholarship, which honors the memory of Elliot Pulham's grandmother, Lucy Enos. Participating teachers may elect to receive continuing education or graduate academic credit for the course, and graduate credit may be applied toward one of several master's degrees offered jointly through the Space Foundation and partner universities. Demonstrating its commitment to education, teachers, and future generations, The Boeing Company fully sponsored one of the Summer Institute courses. Boeing supported 38 teachers who participated June 26-30 in "Space Technologies in the Classroom," in which they learned about the use and applications of satellites and the function of the Global Positioning System (GPS), built their own robots, and participated in behind the scene tours. The Space Foundation has trained more nearly 40,000 teachers since 1986 through Summer Institute graduate courses and national conferences. In addition, the Space Foundation fosters educational space endeavors by implementing its revolutionary Integrated Science Literacy Model; offering two distinct Master's in Space Studies Degrees in conjunction with the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs and Regis University; sponsoring a Teacher Liaison program; annually conducting the Space Career Fair; managing the onsite NASA Educational Resource Center; and offering a free online lesson bank for educators. About the Space Foundation Founded in 1983 and headquartered in Colorado Springs, the Space Foundation is a national nonprofit organization that vigorously advances civil, commercial, and national security space endeavors and educational excellence. The Space Foundation has offices in Washington, D.C., and Cape Canaveral, Fla. The Space Foundation's signature event, the National Space Symposium, is scheduled for April 9-12, 2007, at The Broadmoor in Colorado Springs, Colo. Along with partnering organizations, the Space Foundation also conducts Strategic Space and Defense, 10-12 Oct. 2006 in Omaha, Neb.; and Florida Space, Dec. 5-7, 2006, in Orlando, Fla. For more information, visit _URL_.
Posted in Space Foundation Press Releases


text:
K-II Enterprises was founded by electronics technician Tim Wilson in 1987 and is based in Syracuse, New York. The company has been manufacturing several electronic products since that time including an ultrasonic dog deterrent for walkers and joggers (the Dazer II), a similar pet training aid (the Pet-Agree), a pet deterrent for your furniture (the Tattle Tale), and the K-II Safe Range EMF Field Meter, the subject of today's review.
What is a K-II EMF Meter?
The K-II meter is a device that is used to measure the level of EMT radiation found in certain locations or emitted by certain devices. Many also use these devices to determine electromagnetic anomalies that might appear during paranormal investigations.
Even though this device is commonly used as a ghost hunting tool, it can also be useful for picking up electromagnetic fields or electromagnetic waves that could affect your health.
This meter can pick up low-frequency ranges of just 50 Hertz to extremely high-frequency ranges of 20,000 Hz and then works to indicate the safety levels of these frequencies from a range of 1.5 – 20+mg along with color indications to show the risk factor of being exposed to these radio frequencies.
With this simple tool, you can easily determine the level of electromagnetic energy that electronic devices like a microwave, smartphone, tablet, computer, or washing machine emit and the device will give you a clear indication of the risk level these devices might produce.
- Product dimensions: 5.5 x 2 x 1.25 Inches
- Item weight: 4.48 Ounces
- Item model: K-II (otherwise known as the K2)
- Color: Black
- Power source: Battery powered
- Batteries required: 1 x 9V battery required
- Frequency range: 50 – 20,000 Hz
- Measurement indication: 1.5 up to 20+mG
- Display: Light indicators and reactive color label
A Deep Dive into the K-II EMF Meter
If you read around and find articles that cover the K-II EMF Meter, you will see a lot of references to ghost hunting, since many ghost hunting enthusiasts use the meter to detect the electromagnetic fields produced by spectral entities. Indeed, the K-II with its rainbow decal and LED light system does look like a 1980s prop from the movie Ghostbusters, yet nonetheless, it is an affordable EMF meter for other purposes apart from supernatural sleuthing.
Despite all the paranormal uses for the meter, which we assume do not at all hurt K-II Enterprises sales volume, the K-II Safe Range EMF Field Meter is an authentic, effective, and functional EMF field intensity measuring device. Weighing a little less than 4.5 ounces and powered by a 9-volt battery, the K-II does not report EMF as frequencies but as EMF field intensity, displaying results by LED lights ranging from zero to over 20 mG (milli-Gauss).
The device can detect in the extremely-low frequency band (50 to 1000 Hz) up to the very low-frequency band (1000 to 20,000 Hz). The LED lighting scheme provides a simple index of safety levels with the following color coding (mirrored by its colorful rainbow surface decal): Green (Normal, 0-1.5 mG), Green (next to a lighter green strip in the decal; Low, 1.5-2.5 mG), Yellow (Caution, 2.5-10 mG), Orange (High, 10-20 mG), and Red (Warning, over 20 mG). The accuracy of the device is rated at an error of 5%.
Who Should Buy the K-II EMF Meter?
The K-II EMF Meter is a great product for conscientious homeowners and office workers who want an affordable means of measuring the intensity of EMF fields in their working or living environment. The meter has the ability to report electromagnetic energy emissions in-band ranges that are both safe and considered harmful.
It is lightweight and portable, small (about the size of a large television remote control), and stored away easily in a desk drawer or can be carried in a pants pocket.
For people who are concerned about EMF sources in their home from electronic appliances, to "leaky" wiring, to radiofrequency sources such as WiFi routers or Bluetooth-enabled devices, the K-II is a handy little meter for making area surveys and determining locations that could benefit from rearrangement of offending devices or from the installation of shielding. It is also quite useful for people who have electromagnetic hypersensitivity syndrome (EHS) and want to quickly survey new and unknown environments for safety issues that may cause them discomfort.
With this handy electromagnetic field meter, you can easily determine which smart devices such as mobile phones, tablets, or microwaves emit frequency levels that might be potentially damaging.
And once these EMF blockers are in place, you can use your meter to determine the efficiency of the blockers you have positioned in place.
The EMF meter is also a handy tool for ghost hunters who might want to identify paranormal activity in their homes. The K2 meter is often referred to as a ghost box because it is so effective at picking up low frequencies and the pocket-sized design ensures good portability when you are out ghost hunting.
Operation of the device is simple: simply point the business end of the K-II toward a suspected EMF source and depress the center button for reading. If you happen to have a poltergeist or two hanging around, you can put the K-II to the use of detecting their presence as well. If you are into ghost hunting, this is considered a standard sidearm of the paranormal investigator.
What are Electromagnetic Frequencies (EMF)?
Electromagnetic frequencies (EMF) are energies emitted from power sources, communications sources, and electrical appliances (so, hand-crank egg beaters are perfectly safe, for example). When electrical current flows through a wire or circuit, a magnetic field is produced around the circuit.
Most shielding on wiring does not prevent radiation of EMF since the shielding is meant to reduce current loss and prevent accidental contact of wiring with other electronic components, flammable materials, or people and animals.
In the modern world, there are many sources of EMF, far more than in even the past few decades. To be completely honest, we really have no idea what the long-term consequences of constant, low-intensity exposure will do to human and animal health since we only have models based on short-term, higher intensity exposures.
There are steps you can take to reduce the number of EMF sources in your daily environment (repositioning devices, installing shielding) and if this is a concern of yours, having an EMF meter to survey your home or workspace is a must. The K-II is one such tool that you can use for living space surveys.
What We Like About the K-II EMF Meter
The overall appearance of the K-II is dated,1980s funky, and the company website looks like it was made in the late 1990s. Funky appearances aside, does it work?
Keep in mind that we are evaluating the K-II as an EMF meter for surveying electronics and radiofrequency sources, but we are not evaluating it for ghost detection. This is a simple, single-axis EMF meter, meaning the readings are directional. Kenny Biddle at the James Randi Educational Foundation did a careful series of tests with the K-II which highlight its sensitivity and ease of use.
We will summarize his results here. The K-II is rather sensitive compared with other EMF meters, such as the Gauss Master, the control device used in Kenny's testing.
Switching on a Sony Handycam video camera at a distance of 7 feet from the K-II produced a Yellow spike (Caution, 2.5-10 mG), whereas the Gauss Master at the same distance only registered a 2 mG spike on its dial. Using a Nikon Speedlight (SB-600) flash unit charging up in standby mode in a test produced between a Green LED #2 (Low, 1.5-2.5 mG) to Yellow spike in the K-II (Caution, 2.5-10 mG), but failed to register on the Gauss Master.
Tests with a two-way radio (that can transmit line-of-sight up to 16 miles) at distances of 3 to 6 feet produced Yellow spikes (Caution, 2.5-10 mG) when the talk button was momentarily depressed, but did not register a signal on the Gauss Master. These effects were replicated with a test out to 10 feet with the K-II reporting similar meter values, but at a distance of 16 feet, no signal was detected by the K-II (ergo, the inverse square law).
Tests of the K-II with smartphones produced momentary spikes when Facebook notifications were received by phone at a distance of one foot and cell phone calls (inbound and outbound) also registered meter spike responses. Interestingly, wireless computer mice will register spike responses up to a distance of a little over 2 feet on the K-II as well.
Despite looking like it is cheaply built (high-impact plastic notwithstanding) and being of a very dated design, the K-II is one of the more sensitive EMF meters on the market. Users report that the K-II works like a champ for room surveys.
The meter is very sensitive and is directional, so with some practice, you can determine the source direction of hidden EMF sources. All of these qualities collectively rank very high in our book, so we really like this little meter


Sem categoria
Learn 6 Irish Expressions Before Going To Ireland
chat irish phrases
There are more than 50 countries in the world where English is spoken as an official language, and of course, as everyone knows, English is currently the most important language to learn, especially if the person's goal is to travel, live in one of these countries or even succeed grow professionally.
Ireland is one of the countries most sought after by Brazilians to exchange and learn English, but what many do not know is that the Irish accent and expressions can be very different from those shown in Hollywood films. So if you are going to Ireland or are already in the country and want to learn more, get to know these 6 expressions to help you in your daily life.
1. Sure Look It
This expression is a suitable answer to almost any question or situation. It is good to remember that it should not be translated literally to try to understand, because it will not work. But it is almost as if that expression could suit any context, even one in which you are not sure what to say. Here is an example:
A: "Isn't it a bad weather out there."
B: "Ah, sure look at it."
2. The Jacks
Believe it or not, in Ireland there is a different nickname for the bathroom. You will hardly see anyone saying "restroom", the most common would be "toilet" or the nickname "The Jacks", the reason? It is not known for certain, some people speculate that it may be due to a term that was used in the 16th century. The nickname is more common for public restrooms. Example: "I need to find the jacks"
3. Yoke
Do you know the special way of the miner saying "train" for basically everything? That's almost it! In Ireland you can speak Yoke in place of "thing", which means "thing" in English.
In some moments when people forget the name of an object or even not quite the name, then they substitute the name for Yoke to be able to express themselves.
Example: "Can you pass me that yoke near the pan?"
4. Locked
This expression basically means 'drunk'. In Ireland, several expressions are used for this same definition. Irony of fate? I do not think so. haha Jokes aside. Some of the other expressions are: polluted, twisted, moldy, among others.
Example: "You were so locked in that party"
5. What's the craic?
It could be "What's up?" if it weren't for being in Ireland. The expression means something like "How are you?" or "What's going on" and the word CRAIC or CRACK is a term for news, gossip and entertainment.
Example: "Hey! What's the craic?"
6. Grand
Despite the similarity with the word 'grande' in Portuguese, this is not the meaning of this expression! While in other countries this word would mean 'incredible' and 'splendid', in Ireland it would be 'very well' or 'satisfactory'. Irish people can respond as they say "I am grand" or it can even be used to express that everything is fine, say someone apologizes for some reason, it is possible to answer only "No problem, you're grand".
Author: Gabriela
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text:
Testing and inspection services provider TUV Rheinland is helping the The Microfibre Consortium (TMC) to understand the problem of fibre shedding from textiles after its Shenzhen and Shanghai laboratories were approved to carry out tests for member companies.
Researchers from the UK's National Oceanography Centre (NOC) most recently estimated 12m to 21m tonnes of waste are found in the upper layers of the Atlantic Ocean – which also includes microfibres shed from synthetically produced fibres.
"With every wash, textiles shed microfibres. But while cotton, as an organic material, degrades almost completely, synthetic fibres persist in the environment much longer," explains Heather Ball, responsible for textile testing at TUV Rheinland in Western Europe.
"The problem has long been recognised by experts. The microfibres in the wastewater are not completely filtered out by sewage treatment plants and thus end up in the waters or as sewage sludge on the fields."
The global inspection services group is now working to boost understanding of this environmental impact in Asia. In June, the Microfibre Consortium (TMC) approved TUV Rheinland's textile testing laboratories in Shenzhen and Shanghai to carry out tests for TMC member organisations. The aim is to quantify fibre release from fabrics during domestic laundering. A commercial roll-out will follow.
Ball adds: "As an approved test house for TMC members, we can now support testing starting with textile manufacturing and throughout the entire product lifecycle to ensure sustainable product development."
How well do you really know your competitors?
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TMC members range from apparel brands, retailers and manufacturers to research institutions and policy makers, all of whom are working on global, environmentally sustainable solutions.


What can limit or prevent automatic vectorization
Table 7 summarizes what can limit or prevent automatic vectorization of loops.
Table 7. Factors that limit or prevent automatic vectorization
Inhibiting factorExtent to which it applies
Not having a valid NEON compiler license.
You might require a valid NEON compiler license to generate NEON instructions, depending on your compiler version.
RVCT 3.1 or later, and ARM Compiler 4.1, require a valid NEON compiler license.
ARM Compiler 5.01 and later do not require a separate NEON compiler license.
Source code without loops.Automatic vectorization involves loop analysis. Without loops, automatic vectorization cannot apply.
Target processor.The target processor (--cpu) must have NEON capability if NEON instructions are to be generated. For example, Cortex-A7, Cortex-A8, Cortex-A9, or Cortex-A15.
Floating-point code.Vectorization of floating-point code does not always occur automatically. For example, loops that require re-association only vectorize when compiled with --fpmode fast.
--no_vectorize by default.By default, generation of NEON vector instructions directly from C or C++ code is disabled, and must be enabled with --vectorize.
-Otime not specified.-Otime must be specified to reduce execution time and enable loops to vectorize.
-Onum not set high enough.The optimization level you set must be -O2 or -O3. Loops do not vectorize at -O0 or -O1.
Risk of incorrect results.If there is a risk of an incorrect result, vectorization is not applied where that risk occurs. You might have to manually tune your code to make it more suitable for automatic vectorization.
Earlier manual optimization attempts.Automatic vectorization can be impeded by earlier manual optimization attempts. For example, manual loop unrolling in the source code, or complex array accesses.
No vector access pattern.If variables in a loop lack a vector access pattern, the compiler cannot automatically vectorize the loop.
Data dependencies between different iterations of a loop.Where there is a possibility of the use and storage of arrays overlapping on different iterations of a loop, there is a data dependency problem. A loop cannot be safely vectorized if the vector order of operations can change the results, so the compiler leaves the loop in its original form or only partially vectorizes the loop.
Memory hierarchy.Performing relatively few arithmetic operations on large data sets retrieved from main memory is limited by the memory bandwidth of the system. Most processors are relatively unbalanced between memory bandwidth and processor capacity. This can adversely affect the automatic vectorization process.
Iteration count not fixed at start of loop.For automatic vectorization, it is generally best to write simple loops with iterations that are fixed at the start of the loop. If a loop does not have a fixed iteration count, automatic addressing is not possible.
Conditional loop exits.It is best to write loops that do not contain conditional exits from the loop.
Carry-around scalar variables.Carry-around scalar variables are a problem for automatic vectorization because the value computed in one pass of the loop is carried forward into the next pass.
__promise(expr) not used.Failure to use __promise(expr) where it could make a difference to automatic vectorization can limit automatic vectorization.
Pointer aliasing.Pointer aliasing prevents the use of automatically vectorized code.
Indirect addressing.Indirect addressing is not vectorizable because the NEON unit can only deal with vectors stored consecutively in memory.
Separating access to different parts of a structure into separate loops.Each part of a structure must be accessed within the same loop for automatic vectorization to occur.
Inconsistent length of members within a structure.If members of a structure are not all the same length, the compiler does not attempt to use vector loads.
Calls to non-inline functions.Calls to non-inline functions from within a loop inhibits vectorization. If such functions are to be considered for vectorization, they must be marked with the __inline or __forceinline keywords.
if and switch statements.Extensive use of if and switch statements can affect the efficiency of automatic vectorization.
You can use --diag_warning=optimizations to obtain compiler diagnostics on what can and cannot be vectorized.
Show/hideSee also
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Non-ConfidentialID012213


Simple steps to ensure you're taking control of your career
I've recently re-read The 100 year life, by Lynda Gratton & Andrew Scott. It talks about the impacts on life span due to the advances in technology and science. Our average expected life span has been increasing by 2 years every decade since 1840.
if a child born in 2007 has a 50% life probability of living to 104, a child born a decade earlier, 1997 would have a 50% chance of reaching 101 or 102" Gratton & Scott
That's great news... if you enjoy what you are doing for the next 80+ years!
How can you take control, know what makes you spark, confidently review your career growth and be able to plan your career journey so that you can enjoy your extended life span?
Donald Super, career development theorist wrote about Career Development Theory, this identified the 5 key Life stages below:
 1. Growth ( birth to teens)
 2. Exploration ( teens to 20's) a time to explore and set on a career path
 3. Establishment ( 20-40's ) gaining work experiences
 4. Maintenance (40-60's) stretch in role
 5. Decline (60-retirement) getting ready to retire
However, with the exciting prospect of reaching a ripe old age of 104! It's clear that this theory needs to be reconsidered.
Careers by definition relates to every role that you've held throughout your life and as single 'careers or professions' for life are no longer a viable nor a sought after option, the 'now of work' is about being proactive to face the constant change and disruption, as we can expect that technology will continue to evolve at pace and the working preferences of millennials is more around work/life blend.
Most Organisations are looking for transferable skill sets, adaptability, learning curiosity, growth, collaboration and determination/grit.
Which means the new stages should look more like this:
 1. Growth ( birth to teens)
 2. Experimentation ( teens to 20's) a time to experience lots of different industries and roles
 3. Skill set development (20's to 30's) realise your strengths and interests
 4. Challenge (30's to 70+) stretch, up skilling and disruption of roles. This could include multiple changes in careers
 5. Life style selection (70+) make choices around the types of role and service you want to continue to provide
So what can you do to take back control, know what makes you spark, show your value to businesses and enjoy your extended career?
 - Don't wait until you're forced into change and only then reflect on what you like and how you add value. Be proactive and book an Annual / bi-annual check in for yourself to realise your worth
 - Consider what roles/projects you've thrived on throughout your roles?
 - Identify what you like/dislike about what you do and where you are?
 - List your Achievements and learnings
 - What new Transferable skills have you gained
 - Imagine the future, think about what you really want to do, and where your industry and profession is heading. What does it look like, and what would it take for you to get there?
 - Know where your knowledge gaps are and be creative with your learning/development solutions
 - Consider how your skills link to Job clusters below to see how you can leverage these if you want to change direction
The seven job clusters include:
1. The Generators: Occupations that require a high level of interpersonal interaction, such as those you find in retail, sales, hospitality and entertainment.
2. The Artisans: Manual tasks related to construction, production, maintenance or technical customer service.
3. The Carers: This cluster seeks to improve the mental or physical health and wellbeing of others, and includes medical, care and personal support services.
4. The Informers: The 'behind-the-scenes' types, this cluster involves administration, and the process or service tasks coordinators.
5. The Coordinators: They deploy skills and knowledge of science, mathematics and design to construct or engineer products.
6. The Designers: Professionals who provide information, education or business services.
7. The Technologists: Skilled workers with an understanding of and ability to manipulate digital technology.
Yay, life's now longer! Book a date with yourself, your manager or a career coach to reflect and take back control
_TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_


1. WeatherSpark.com
 2. Italy
 3. Lombardy
 4. Sale Marasino
 5. February
Average Weather in February in Sale Marasino Italy
Daily high temperatures increase by 5°F, from 42°F to 47°F, rarely falling below 34°F or exceeding 56°F.
Daily low temperatures increase by 4°F, from 29°F to 33°F, rarely falling below 21°F or exceeding 40°F.
For reference, on July 26, the hottest day of the year, temperatures in Sale Marasino typically range from 63°F to 80°F, while on January 12, the coldest day of the year, they range from 28°F to 40°F.
Average High and Low Temperature in February
The daily average high (red line) and low (blue line) temperature, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted lines are the corresponding average perceived temperatures.
The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the hourly average temperatures for the quarter of the year centered on February. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.
Average Hourly Temperature in February
Average Hourly Temperature in February in Sale Marasino181522112233445566778899101011111212131314141515161617171818191920202121222223232424252526262727282812 AM4 AM8 AM12 PM4 PM8 PM12 AMJanMarfreezingvery coldcoldfreezing
The average hourly temperature, color coded into bands: frigid < 15°F < freezing < 32°F < very cold < 45°F < cold < 55°F < cool < 65°F < comfortable < 75°F < warm < 85°F < hot < 95°F < sweltering. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.
West Jefferson, North Carolina, United States (4,555 miles away) is the far-away foreign place with temperatures most similar to Sale Marasino (view comparison).
Clouds
The month of February in Sale Marasino experiences essentially constant cloud cover, with the percentage of time that the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy remaining about 47% throughout the month. The lowest chance of overcast or mostly cloudy conditions is 46% on February 9.
The clearest day of the month is February 9, with clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy conditions 54% of the time.
For reference, on May 2, the cloudiest day of the year, the chance of overcast or mostly cloudy conditions is 55%, while on July 22, the clearest day of the year, the chance of clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy skies is 73%.
Cloud Cover Categories in February
Cloud Cover Categories in February in Sale Marasino18152211223344556677889910101111121213131414151516161717181819192020212122222323242425252626272728280%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%JanMarMay 245%May 245%Feb 152%Feb 152%Feb 2854%Feb 2854%Feb 1154%Feb 1154%clearmostly clearpartly cloudymostly cloudyovercast
The percentage of time spent in each cloud cover band, categorized by the percentage of the sky covered by clouds: clear < 20% < mostly clear < 40% < partly cloudy < 60% < mostly cloudy < 80% < overcast.
Precipitation
A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. In Sale Marasino, the chance of a wet day over the course of February is essentially constant, remaining around 16% throughout.
For reference, the year's highest daily chance of a wet day is 38% on June 2, and its lowest chance is 15% on February 1.
Over the course of February in Sale Marasino, the chance of a day with only rain increases from 12% to 14%, the chance of a day with mixed snow and rain remains an essentially constant 2% throughout, and the chance of a day with only snow remains an essentially constant 1% throughout.
Probability of Precipitation in February
The percentage of days in which various types of precipitation are observed, excluding trace quantities: rain alone, snow alone, and mixed (both rain and snow fell in the same day).
Rainfall
To show variation within the month and not just the monthly total, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day.
The average sliding 31-day rainfall during February in Sale Marasino is essentially constant, remaining about 1.5 inches throughout, and rarely exceeding 3.6 inches.
Average Monthly Rainfall in February
The average rainfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average liquid-equivalent snowfall.
Snowfall
We report snowfall in liquid-equivalent terms. The actual depth of new snowfall is typically between 5 and 10 times the liquid-equivalent amount, assuming the ground is frozen. As with rainfall, we consider the liquid-equivalent snowfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day.
The average sliding 31-day liquid-equivalent snowfall during February in Sale Marasino is essentially constant, remaining about 0.1 inches throughout, and rarely exceeding 0.7 inches or falling below -0.0 inches.
Average Monthly Liquid-Equivalent Snowfall in February
The average liquid-equivalent snowfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average rainfall.
Sun
Over the course of February in Sale Marasino, the length of the day is rapidly increasing. From the start to the end of the month, the length of the day increases by 1 hour, 20 minutes, implying an average daily increase of 2 minutes, 58 seconds, and weekly increase of 20 minutes, 48 seconds.
The shortest day of the month is February 1, with 9 hours, 44 minutes of daylight and the longest day is February 28, with 11 hours, 4 minutes of daylight.
Hours of Daylight and Twilight in February
Hours of Daylight and Twilight in February in Sale Marasino18152211223344556677889910101111121213131414151516161717181819192020212122222323242425252626272728280 hr24 hr4 hr20 hr8 hr16 hr12 hr12 hr16 hr8 hr20 hr4 hr24 hr0 hrJanMarnightnightdaydayFeb 19 hr, 44 minFeb 19 hr, 44 minFeb 2811 hr, 4 minFeb 2811 hr, 4 min
The number of hours during which the Sun is visible (black line). From bottom (most yellow) to top (most gray), the color bands indicate: full daylight, twilight (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and full night.
The latest sunrise of the month in Sale Marasino is 7:41 AM on February 1 and the earliest sunrise is 41 minutes earlier at 7:00 AM on February 28.
The earliest sunset is 5:25 PM on February 1 and the latest sunset is 39 minutes later at 6:04 PM on February 28.
Daylight saving time is observed in Sale Marasino during 2018, but it neither starts nor ends during February, so the entire month is in standard time.
For reference, on June 21, the longest day of the year, the Sun rises at 5:29 AM and sets 15 hours, 43 minutes later, at 9:12 PM, while on December 21, the shortest day of the year, it rises at 7:57 AM and sets 8 hours, 41 minutes later, at 4:37 PM.
Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight and Daylight Saving Time in February
Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight and Daylight Saving Time in February in Sale Marasino18152211223344556677889910101111121213131414151516161717181819192020212122222323242425252626272728282 AM4 AM6 AM8 AM10 AM12 PM2 PM4 PM6 PM8 PM10 PM12 AMJanMar7:00 AM7:00 AMFeb 286:04 PMFeb 286:04 PM7:41 AM7:41 AMFeb 15:25 PMFeb 15:25 PM7:20 AM7:20 AMFeb 165:47 PMFeb 165:47 PMSolarMidnightSolarMidnightSolarNoonSunriseSunset
The solar day over the course of February. From bottom to top, the black lines are the previous solar midnight, sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and the next solar midnight. The day, twilights (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and night are indicated by the color bands from yellow to gray.
Humidity
We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night.
The chance that a given day will be muggy in Sale Marasino is essentially constant during February, remaining around 0% throughout.
For reference, on July 27, the muggiest day of the year, there are muggy conditions 17% of the time, while on January 1, the least muggy day of the year, there are muggy conditions 0% of the time.
Humidity Comfort Levels in February
The percentage of time spent at various humidity comfort levels, categorized by dew point: dry < 55°F < comfortable < 60°F < humid < 65°F < muggy < 70°F < oppressive < 75°F < miserable.
Wind
This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous


text:
Measure spectral irradiance of sun simulator
Sun simulators are available in different classes indicating the performance characteristics by the combination of three letters (A,B or C) (according to IEC 60904, JIS 8912 and ASTM E 927-05). Each letter represents respectively the spectral match with the solar spectrum (1000 W/m2, AM 1.5), uniformity of the light field and temporary stability. Class AAA are considered as most accurate and have an ideal spectral match between 0.75 and 1.25, max. 2.0% non-uniformity and 0.5% nonstability according to the IEC standard. The ideal spectral match is divided in spectral bands. Those represent a certain energy quanta of the total spectrum allowing a 25% variance in that particular range.
The LS-100 is the portable spectroradiometer. Its spectrometer and detector part are connected through fiber optics. The LS-100 is for the indoor use. It is furthermore suitable for the evaluation of the artificial light source generated by solar simulator. The LS-100 can be used in various researches. The LS-100 software has an automatic monitoring function for a spectral match between the solar simulator and JIS provided value.
HOW-TO Application Guide
In practice, it is possible that 2 different types of AAA sun simulators give a totally different artificial solar spectrum within the standard. To be able to quantify the solar spectrum against the standardized AM 1.5 solar spectrum, the LS-100 spectroradiometer measures and calculates the exact mismatch for each individual wavelength.
With this information the I-V characteristics of the module can be corrected according to the real AM1.5 spectrum instead of the approximate sun simulator spectrum.


text:
Say I create an image object like below. (
create(); is a function I wrote but I know this function works.)
var img = create("img", "images/duba.jpg");
When I try to put this image into the
innerHTML of another object that's a div, I get this plain text where the image should show up:
What's the correct method to insert one object into another like this? I have to think there's a more graceful method than hard-coding the innerHTML with strings, which I've tried successfully.


text: This paper describes more efficient home energy management system to reduce power consumption in home area. We consider the room easily controllable with an IR remote control of a home appliance. The room has power outlets, a light, and a ZigBee hub. The ZigBee hub has an IR code learning function and educates the IR remote control signal of a home appliance connected to the power outlet. Then it can control the power outlets and the light in the room. The ZigBee hubs in each room communicate with the home server and report the power consumption information to the home server. The proposed architecture gives more efficient energy-saving HEMS.


Move the mouse across the image to obscure and reveal the matrix. Measures the distance from the mouse to each square and sets the size proportionally.
def setup():
 size(640, 360)
 global max_distance
 max_distance = dist(0, 0, width, height)
def draw():
 for i in range(0, width, 20):
 for j in range(0, height, 20):
 size = dist(mouseX, mouseY, i, j)
 size = size / max_distance * 66
 ellipse(i, j, size, size)


text:
Primary Events in Vision.
CORNELL UNIV ITHACA N Y SCHOOL OF APPLIED AND ENGINEERING PHYSICS
Pagination or Media Count:
Resonance Raman spectroscopy has been used to study chemically modified retinal analogs involving chain substitutions, ring substitutions or Schiff base linkages. In addition, retinal fragments and fully deuterated retinals were investigated, and infrared spectra of the four isomers of retinal were obtained. Low frequency resonance Raman spectra are also reported for all of the isomers of retinal, for the protonated and unprotonated Schiff bases of trans-retinal, for beta-Ionone and for trans-3-dehydroretinal. Band assignments were made to specific vibrational motions using the results of normal coordinate calculations. These investigations have led to a detailed understanding of the spectral features observed in the resonance Raman spectra of the retinylidene chromophore in rhodopsin and our results form the basis for interpreting the informative Raman spectra of rhodopsin in live eyes. Such investigations should allow, for the first time, a detailed and fundamental understanding of the basis of variations in the sensitivity of the eye to different laser wavelengths. Author


Documentation
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Nonlinear Modeling of a Magneto-Rheological Fluid Damper
This example shows nonlinear black-box modeling of the dynamical behavior of a magneto-rheological fluid damper. It shows how to create Nonlinear ARX and Hammerstein-Wiener models of the damper using measurements of its velocity and the damping force.
The data used in this example was provided by Dr. Akira Sano (Keio University, Japan) and Dr. Jiandong Wang (Peking University, China) who performed the experiments in a laboratory of Keio University. See the following reference for a more detailed description of the experimental system and some related studies.
J.Wang, A. Sano, T. Chen, and B. Huang. Identification of Hammerstein systems without explicit parameterization of nonlinearity. International Journal of Control, In press, 2008. DOI: 10.1080/00207170802382376.
Experimental Setup
Magneto-Rheological (MR) fluid dampers are semi-active control devices used for reducing vibrations of various dynamic structures. MR fluids, whose viscosities depend on the input voltage/current of the device, provide controllable damping forces.
To study the behavior of such devices, a MR damper was fixed at one end to the ground and connected at the other end to a shaker table generating vibrations. The voltage of the damper was set to 1.25 v. The damping force f(t) was measured at the sample time of 0.005 s. The displacement was sampled every 0.001 s, which was then used to estimate the velocity v(t) at the sampling period of 0.005 s.
Input-Output Data
A data set containing the input and output measurements was stored in a MAT file called mrdamper.mat. The input v(t) is the velocity [cm/s] of the damper, and the output f(t) is the damping force [N]. The MAT file contains 3499 samples of data corresponding to a sampling rate of 0.005 s. This data will be used for all the estimation and validation tasks carried out in this example.
% Let us begin by loading and inspecting the data.
load(fullfile(matlabroot, 'toolbox', 'ident', 'iddemos', 'data', 'mrdamper.mat'));
who
Your variables are:
F Ts V
Package loaded variables F (output force), V (input velocity) and Ts (sample time) into an IDDATA object.
z = iddata(F, V, Ts, 'Name', 'MR damper', ...
 'InputName', 'v', 'OutputName', 'f',...
 'InputUnit', 'cm/s', 'OutputUnit', 'N');
Data Preparation for Estimation and Validation
Split this data set z into two subsets, first 2000 samples to be used for estimation (ze), and the rest to be used for validation of results (zv).
ze = z(1:2000); % estimation data
zv = z(2001:end); % validation data
Let us plot the two data sets together to visually verify their time ranges:
plot(ze, zv)
legend('ze','zv')
Model Order Selection
The first step in estimating black box models is to choose model orders. The definition of orders depends upon the type of model.
 - For linear and nonlinear ARX models, the orders are represented by three numbers: na, nb and nk which define the number of past outputs, past inputs and input delays used for predicting the value of output at a given time. The set of time-delayed I/O variables defined by the orders are called "regressors".
 - For Hammerstein-Wiener models, which represent linear models with static I/O nonlinearities, the orders define the number of poles and zeros and input delay of the linear component. They are defined by numbers nb (number of zeros +1), nf (number of poles), and nk (input delay in number of lags).
Typically model orders are chosen by trial and error. However, the orders of the linear ARX model may be computed automatically using functions such as ARXSTRUC and SELSTRUC. The orders thus obtained give a hint about the possible orders to use for the nonlinear models as well. So let us first try to determine the best order for a linear ARX model.
V = arxstruc(ze,zv,struc(1:5, 1:5,1:5)); % try values in the range 1:5 for na, nb, nk
Order = selstruc(V,'aic') % selection of orders by Akaike's Information Criterion
Order =
 2 4 1
The AIC criterion has selected Order = [na nb nk] = [2 4 1], meaning that in the selected ARX model structure, damper force f(t) is predicted by the 6 regressors f(t-1), f(t-2), v(t-1), v(t-2), v(t-3) and v(t-4).
For more information on model order selection, see the example titled "Model Structure Selection: Determining Model Order and Input Delay" (iddemo4.m).
Preliminary Analysis: Creating Linear Models
It is advisable to try linear models first because they are simpler to create. If linear models do not provide satisfactory results, the results provide a basis for exploration of nonlinear models.
Let us estimate linear ARX and Output-Error (OE) models of orders suggested by output of SELSTRUC above.
LinMod1 = arx(ze, [2 4 1]); % ARX model Ay = Bu + e
LinMod2 = oe(ze, [4 2 1]); % OE model y = B/F u + e
Similarly, we may create a linear state-space model whose order (= number of states) will be determined automatically:
LinMod3 = ssest(ze); % creates a state-space model of order 3
Let us now compare the responses of these models to the measured output data in ze:
compare(ze, LinMod1, LinMod2, LinMod3) % comparison to estimation data
A better test for model quality is to validate it against an independent data set. Hence we compare the model responses against data set zv.
compare(zv, LinMod1, LinMod2, LinMod3) % comparison to validation data
As observed, the best of these linear models has a fit of 51% on the validation data set.
Creating Nonlinear ARX Models
The linear model identification revealed that an ARX model provided less than 50% fit to the validation data. To achieve better results we now explore the use of Nonlinear ARX (IDNLARX) models. The need for nonlinear models for this data is also suggested by the ADVICE utility which may be used to inspect data for potential advantage of using a nonlinear model over a linear model.
advice(ze, 'nonlinearity')
There is an indication of nonlinearity in the data.
A nonlinear ARX model of order [4 4 1] and treepartition nonlinearity
estimator performs better prediction of output than the corresponding
ARX model of the same order. Consider using nonlinear models, such as IDNLARX,
or IDNLHW. You may also use the "isnlarx" command to test for
nonlinearity with more options.
The Nonlinear ARX models can be considered as nonlinear counterparts of ARX models that provide greater modeling flexibility by two means:
 1. The regressors may be combined using a nonlinear function rather than a weighted sum employed by ARX models. Nonlinear functions such as sigmoid network, binary tree and wavelet network may be used. In the identification context, these functions are called "nonlinearity estimators".
 2. The regressors can themselves be arbitrary (possibly nonlinear) functions of I/O variables in addition to time-delayed variable values employed by ARX models. These are called "custom regressors", in contrast to the time-delayed I/O variables which are called "standard regressors".
We will explore using various model orders (which define the standard regressors) and using various nonlinearity estimators. Use of custom regressors is not explored. For ways of specifying custom regressors in IDNLARX models, see the example titled "Nonlinear ARX Models with Custom Regressors" (idnlbbdemo_customreg.m).
Estimating a Default Nonlinear ARX Model
To begin, let us estimate an IDNLARX model of order [2 4 1] and a sigmoid network as the type of nonlinearity. We shall use MaxIter = 50 and Levenberg-Marquardt search method as estimation options for all estimations below.
Options = nlarxOptions('SearchMethod', 'lm')


text:
The Benanti winery was founded in 1988 by Giuseppe Benanti, a pharmaceutical entrepreneur from Catania who decided to turn his family's long standing traditional passion into an ambitious and challenging new venture. Wine had been produced by the family for several generations, mostly for private consumption, until Giuseppe finally decided to establish the winery with the aim of preserving the unique terroir of Etna's volcanic slopes, whilst cherishing and developing the indigenous Etnean varieties.
The winery is now run by Giuseppe's two sons Antonio and Salvino who have continued the original aim to respect the varietal characteristics of the Etnean varieties, by adopting and maintaining a very traditional approach and philosophy. Describing their wines as 'slow wines', the brothers ensure nothing is rushed in Benanti winemaking; they are committed to producing only high quality wines from vineyards located on different slopes of Mount Etna, so as to highlight the uniqueness of the many different terroirs within the Etna DOC region. The family now owns vineyards in different DOC areas to the north, south, and east of the Etnean massif allowing them to produce an intriguing range of wines from the indigenous varieties Nerello Mascalese, Nerello Cappuccio, Carricante and Minnella.
The area provides a unique microclimate due partly to the proximity to the sea, partly to the volcanic soil and also to the cone-shaped surface of the slopes which provide excellent exposure to the sun. The sea breezes and the altitude ensure the grapes are cooled in what would otherwise be a very hot climate, and therefore the ripening process reaches its full potential but, crucially, without being rushed.
Benanti is considered both an iconic producer and a pioneer that has set a very high standard and has certainly inspired other wineries. With a history of 22 harvest seasons on Etna, Benanti has worked every day with an ever-increasing passion to perfect the presentation of Etna both as a land and a community, and its native grape varieties.


Understanding shoot branching by modelling form and function
Evers, J.B.; Krol, A.R. van der; Vos, J.; Struik, P.C.
Shoot branching plays a pivotal role in the development of the aboveground plant structure. Therefore, to understand branching in relation to the environment, it is not only necessary to integrate the knowledge on mechanisms that regulate branching at multiple levels of biological organisation, but also to include plant structure explicitly. To this end, we propose the application of an established methodology called functional-structural plant modelling


Becoming an Authority in Your Niche
Becoming an Authority in Your Niche
Issue 9 // 4th Quarter // 2014 Category:Leadership By: Alan Robertson
Good, better, or best? We live in a society of self-proclaimed "experts" in every field, but what truly makes an expert an authority? At Duck Commander, we believe that the difference between being an expert and an authority is foundationally dependent upon the consistent production of a quality product. Our duck calls are not the best in the waterfowl industry because we say so—Duck Commander is an authority, because other people recognize consistent quality.
I've often pondered the example of Paul. As recounted in Philippians, he was a Hebrew of the Hebrews—the cream of the crop. If anyone were to be known as an expert on the law, it was Paul. Possessing all the confidence of Pharisaical decree, Paul persecuted heretical believers and stood blameless under the lawful decree of a self-righteous religious system. He was the ultimate expert on righteousness under the law.
But Galatians 1:15-17 holds a hidden key to what made Paul cross over from expert to authority: "But when he who had set me apart before I was born, and who called me by his grace, was pleased to reveal his Son to me, in order that I might preach him among the Gentiles, I did not immediately consult with anyone; nor did I go up to Jerusalem to those who were apostles before me, but I went away into Arabia…"
What made Paul an authority? Not his family, not his titles, but the time he spent in training, set apart with God. The Pauline epistles are silent on the length of time, but it is commonly believed that he spent three years in Arabia, learning and training under direct revelation of God. Interestingly enough, if this is true, it is the same amount of time that Jesus spent with His disciples during His earthly ministry. Paul's time in Arabia was his way of earning his place alongside the other apostles as the thirteenth warrior.
When Dad started this business so many years ago, he never dreamed that the waterfowl industry would know his name.
A simple country boy from Louisiana, Dad wasn't anyone special, but he had a God-given ability for duck hunting. From the very first time he went duck hunting at ten years old, Dad had an innate ability. He was set apart. His passion continued to grow for the rest of his life and turned into this amazing dynasty.
Over the years, Dad has refined the duck call into a specific instrument. All of us boys know exactly how a call is supposed to sound. Of course, there are varying degrees of natural ability in my family, but like a musical talent, it takes specific training to learn the proper sound. Duck Commander is an authority on what a call is supposed to sound like because of Dad's God-given ability.
Stand Up and Be Counted
Another difference between an expert and an authority is the willingness to answer the call. In Paul's case, he had all the pedigree necessary to be the expert on the Law, but the moment came when he was given a decision: follow Christ into a deeper ministry or remain caught up in legalism. When the rubber met the road, he was willing to follow. Ultimately, the call on the road to Damascus led him to become the penultimate authority on Christianity in the first century.
To become an authority, you have to be willing to step up when your time comes. Sometimes it's a moment that's recognizable, sometimes it's not. In our case, the penultimate moment came through a family fracture that drove Dad to his knees and brought about a full surrender to God's plan for his life and business. Duck Commander exists because of a single moment of complete submission.
Over the course of our journey to becoming an authority in the waterfowl segment of the sporting goods industry, we have seen many roadblocks and pitfalls, but by faithfully following biblical principles, peace and clarity have prevailed. In every trial, God has given us the courage to stand upon our principles, the wisdom to make the right decisions, and the grace to maintain our testimony.
It Won't Happen Overnight
Dad always said, "Don't tell other people how great you are; let people tell you if they think you're great." The difference between an expert and an authority is the consistent recognition of integrity that comes only through years of experience. One of the best ways to become an authority is credibility: to work through years of doing what you do best. In our case, it took twenty years of proving year in and year out that we were the best at what we did.
People think that we are marketing geniuses. You'd be surprised how many people think that Dad has a doctorate in marketing (he actually has a Master's degree in Education)! When Duck Dynasty became a megahit on A&E, people thought that our beards and bandanas were a marketing ploy. They're not part of our TV characters; they're our way of life. We are who we say we are. We have years of a consistent testimony of excellence within the hunting industry. We have proven our ability, established our excellence, and continued the quality of craftsmanship since the beginning of Duck Commander.
Ultimately, whether you start a business, make a lot of money, or impact society in a positive way, people remember what you do and the contributions you make. When you have Christ at the center of your life and ministry, when your moment comes to do something for Him, whatever it is, whether sharing the gospel with one indidividual or on a national platform, you have to step up and do it.
Long before God called us to be national ambassadors of the waterfowl industry and the leading authority on duck calls, we decided that we would stand up for what we believed, both in our professional and personal lives. It wasn't always easy, but we always had the peace and clarity that comes from putting God in control. We put Jesus first.
In the end, Paul's authority led to his house arrest and death, but here we are, 2,000 years later writing an article about it. It's the power of longevity. Stand up and be counted. Authorities are made, not born.
Editor's Note:
TwoTen Magazine's publisher Richard W. Hayes and writer Jessica Burchfield caught up with Alan Robertson in New York's LaGuardia Airport while on a publicity tour for Phil Robertson's new book, UnPHILtered (Howard Books). Interesting timing: Al recounted how his Dad had just finished an interview with Sean Hannity on Fox News Channel, in which he was given a chance to stand up and be counted. "Dad was thrown an 80 mph fast ball right down the middle," said Al. "After a very controversial question regarding international terrorism, he quoted Scripture, then opened his well-worn Bible and preached. It was the perfect lead in to a succinct Gospel presentation on national television. Dad's really a preacher; duck calls just made him an authority."
Alan Robertson
By: Alan Robertson
Read More Articles by Alan Robertson
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text:
Themis was Titan daughter of Uranus and Gaea. She was goddess of divine law and orderthe traditional rules of conduct first established by the gods. She was also a prophetic goddess who presided over the most ancient oracles including Delphi.In this role, she was the divine voice who first instructed mankind in the primal law of justice and morality, such as the precepts of piety, the rules of hospitality, good governance, conduct of assembly and pious offerings to the gods.
|Themis and Zeus|
Themis was married to Zeus, by whom she became the mother of the Horai, Eunomia, Dice, Eirene and the Moerae. Themis was often represented seated beside Zeus throne advising him on the precepts of divine law and rules of fate.


out there. Hence you probably don't want to specify --timer=select
Accelerating Time
Regardless of which timing method you use, you can try specifying --sleep-accel to reduce the amount of time to sleep in usec. I've found this is useful for providing a "fudge factor" in some cases.
Tuning for High-Performance
Choosing a Packet Interval Method
The first recommendation is simple, use: --topspeed. This will always be the fastest method to send packets. If however you need some level of control, using --pps to specify packets/second is recommended. Using --pps-multi will cause multiple packets to be sent between each sleep interval, thus providing higher throughput potential then just --pps alone, but at the cost of traffic being more "spikey" then flat. Higher --pps-multi values improve performance and make the traffic more "spikey".
Using --mbps or --multiplier for high performance situations is not recommended as the overhead for calculating packet intervals tends to limit real world throughput.
Tuning your Operating System/Hardware
Regardless of the size of physical memory, UNIX kernels will only allocate a static amount for network buffers. This includes packets sent via the "raw" interface, like with tcpreplay. Most kernels will allow you to tweak the size of these buffers, drastically increasing performance and accuracy.
NOTE: The following information is provided based upon my own experiences or the reported experiences of others. Depending on your hardware and specific hardware, it may or may not work for you. It may even make your system horribly unstable, corrupt your harddrive, or worse.
NOTE: Different operating systems, network card drivers, and even hardware can have an effect on the accuracy of packet timestamps that tcpdump or other capture utilities generate. And as you know: garbage in, garbage out.
NOTE: If you have information on tuning the kernel of an operating system not listed here, please send it to me so I can include it.
General Tips
 1. Use a good network card. This is probably the most important buying decision you can make. I recommend Intel e1000 series cards. El-cheapo cards like Realtek are known to give really crappy performance.
 2. Tune your OS. See below for recommendations.
 3. Faster is better. If you want really high-performance, make sure your disk I/O, CPU and the like is up to the task.
 4. For more details, check out the FAQ
 5. If you're looping file(s), make sure you have enough free RAM for the pcap file(s) and use --enable-file-cache
 6. Use --quiet
 7. Use --topspeed or --pps and a high value for --pps-multi
 8. Use tcprewrite to pre-process all the packet editing instead of using tcpreplay-edit
 9. Virtualization technologies like VMWare and Xen may cause a lot of problems with packet timings. YMMV.
The following is known to apply to the 2.4.x and 2.6.x series of kernels. By default Linux's tcpreplay performance isn't all that stellar. However, with a simple tweak, relatively decent performance can be had on the right hardware. By default, Linux specifies a 64K buffer for sending packets. Increasing this buffer to about half a megabyte does a good job:
echo 524287 >/proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default
echo 524287 >/proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max
echo 524287 >/proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max
echo 524287 >/proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default
On one system, we've seen a jump from 23.02 megabits/sec (5560 packets/sec) to 220.30 megabits/sec (53212 packets/sec) which is nearly a 10x increase in performance. Depending on your system and capture file, different numbers may provide different results.
*BSD systems typically allow you to specify the size of network buffers with the NMBCLUSTERS option in the kernel config file. Experiment with different sizes to see which yields the best performance. See the options(4) man page for more details.
Previous: manual | Next: tcpprep
Last modified 4 years ago Last modified on 09/05/12 06:33:01


Taiwan', ' Thailand', ' Trinadad&Tobago',
 ' United-States', ' Vietnam', ' Yugoslavia'], dtype=object)]
print(
 f"The dataset encoded contains {data_encoded.shape[1]} features")
The dataset encoded contains 8 features
We see that the categories have been encoded for each feature (column) independently. We also note that the number of features before and after the encoding is the same.
However, be careful when applying this encoding strategy: using this integer representation leads downstream predictive models to assume that the values are ordered (0 < 1 < 2 < 3… for instance).
By default, OrdinalEncoder uses a lexicographical strategy to map string category labels to integers. This strategy is arbitrary and often meaningless. For instance, suppose the dataset has a categorical variable named "size" with categories such as "S", "M", "L", "XL". We would like the integer representation to respect the meaning of the sizes by mapping them to increasing integers such as 0, 1, 2, 3. However, the lexicographical strategy used by default would map the labels "S", "M", "L", "XL" to 2, 1, 0, 3, by following the alphabetical order.
The OrdinalEncoder class accepts a categories constructor argument to pass categories in the expected ordering explicitly. You can find more information in the scikit-learn documentation if needed.
If a categorical variable does not carry any meaningful order information then this encoding might be misleading to downstream statistical models and you might consider using one-hot encoding instead (see below).
Encoding nominal categories (without assuming any order)
OneHotEncoder is an alternative encoder that prevents the downstream models to make a false assumption about the ordering of categories. For a given feature, it will create as many new columns as there are possible categories. For a given sample, the value of the column corresponding to the category will be set to 1 while all the columns of the other categories will be set to 0.
We will start by encoding a single feature (e.g. "education") to illustrate how the encoding works.
from sklearn.preprocessing import OneHotEncoder
encoder = OneHotEncoder(sparse=False)
education_encoded = encoder.fit_transform(education_column)
education_encoded
array([[0., 1., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
 [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
 [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
 ...,
 [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
 [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
 [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]])
Note
sparse=False is used in the OneHotEncoder for didactic purposes, namely easier visualization of the data.
Sparse matrices are efficient data structures when most of your matrix elements are zero. They won't be covered in detail in this course. If you want more details about them, you can look at this.
We see that encoding a single feature will give a NumPy array full of zeros and ones. We can get a better understanding using the associated feature names resulting from the transformation.
feature_names = encoder.get_feature_names(input_features=["education"])
education_encoded = pd.DataFrame(education_encoded, columns=feature_names)
education_encoded
education_ 10th education_ 11th education_ 12th education_ 1st-4th education_ 5th-6th education_ 7th-8th education_ 9th education_ Assoc-acdm education_ Assoc-voc education_ Bachelors education_ Doctorate education_ HS-grad education_ Masters education_ Preschool education_ Prof-school education_ Some-college
0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0
4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
48837 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
48838 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
48839 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
48840 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
48841 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
48842 rows × 16 columns
As we can see, each category (unique value) became a column; the encoding returned, for each sample, a 1 to specify which category it belongs to.
Let's apply this encoding on the full dataset.
print(
 f"The dataset is composed of {data_categorical.shape[1]} features")
data_categorical.head()
The dataset is composed of 8 features
workclass education marital-status occupation relationship race sex native-country
0 Private 11th Never-married Machine-op-inspct Own-child Black Male United-States
1 Private HS-grad Married-civ-spouse Farming-fishing Husband White Male United-States
2 Local-gov Assoc-acdm Married-civ-spouse Protective-serv Husband White Male United-States
3 Private Some-college Married-civ-spouse Machine-op-inspct Husband Black Male United-States
4 ? Some-college Never-married ? Own-child White Female United-States
data_encoded = encoder.fit_transform(data_categorical)
data_encoded[:5]
array([[0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.,
 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0.,
 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.,
 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0.,
 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.,
 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.,
 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0.],
 [0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0


text: Cities are economic drivers for our state and generate civic pride and identity that helps sustain them. The well-being of our cities is critically important to the prosperity of the state as a whole and of its citizens, but there has been insufficient attention paid to the current health of North Carolina's cities. To address this, the Center for Urban and Regional Studies, with funding from the Z. Smith Reynolds Foundation, embarked on this project to develop an index of urban well-being to evaluate how these cities are doing compared to the state as a whole and each other. We will also measure changes in individual cities over time. The idea was to gather information on a range of categories from public databases to create an index that provides an assessment of the well-being of North Carolina's cities. We are also interested in testing the feasibility of using and taking advantage of the new ways that the U.S. Census Bureau is providing data, primarily from the American Community Survey.


text:
Wendy Cadge on spirituality, religion and medicine
Her new book explores handling of issues of faith behind the scenes in hospitals
Wendy Cadge does not count rosary beads, daven or meditate, though she has gone to great lengths to research them all, including living in Sri Lanka where she immersed herself in Buddhism.
As a sociologist of contemporary religion, Cadge often teaches courses such as "Order and Change in Society" and "Methods of Social Inquiry." But, she admits, the classes that she most enjoys engage more-specific subjects, like "Living and Dying in America: The Sociology of Birth and Death."
"My classes are designed to help students understand something about topics," Cadge says, "but they're also aimed at getting them out into the world and helping them understand how and why they're living their lives the way that they are."
In "Living and Dying in America" for example, students write their own birth story, interviewing their families and incorporating class research such as how birth has changed in the United States through C-section rates and midwifery. The second half of the class challenges conventional wisdom about how people die.
"Students interview a friend or relative about their experience of death and write that person's story in the context of class readings," says Cadge. "People frequently die in hospitals, but when asked in surveys how they'd chose to die, most say they want to die at home, surrounded by loved ones."
Cadge says she wants students to learn about the ethical decisions that people have to make and practice having the hard conversations that precede such decisions before they're in the middle of a personal situation, when things can get extremely difficult.
"I try to think of my classes as helping students to learn about how to live, based on what is important to them, and what they care about," says Cadge.
Cadge's first book "Heartwood: The First Generation of Theravada Buddhism in America" examined how immigrant Buddhists from Thailand, and predominantly white converts to Buddhism, understand and practice Buddhism in the United States.
"I was interested in how these two very different sets of people pull from the same kinds of ideas and history of a particular religious tradition and use it to make sense of their very day-to-day lives," says Cadge.
|Associate professor Wendy Cadge|
During her research for the book she witnessed the head of the Thai Buddhist temple in Philadelphia dying in a hospital; the image of the Buddhist monk in his bright orange religious robes, laying on the stark white sheets of his hospital gurney, jumped out at Cadge. She soon became interested in understanding the forces of religion and spirituality in health and healthcare.
"Visiting him in the hospital got me thinking about how health care organizations [address] religious and spiritual issues," says Cadge. "I became very aware that most of us don't wear our bright religious or spiritual ideas on our bodies when we're in hospitals."
Cadge then spent a year shadowing doctors, and nurses to learn behind the scenes issues in healthcare. The findings will be in her second book, "Paging God: Religion in the Halls of Medicine," which will be published in October.
The book takes readers inside major academic medical institutions to explore how today's doctors and hospitals address prayer, religion and spirituality. From chapels to intensive care units to the morgue, hospital caregivers speak about how religion is part of their daily work in visible and invisible ways. Cadge shifts attention away from the ongoing controversy about whether or not faith and spirituality should play a role in health care and focuses on the many ways that these powerful forces function in healthcare today. She then asks: Are healthcare organizations supporting people whose spiritual and religious backgrounds are helping them deal with illness?
Although she grew up in a Protestant congregation, Cadge says she more or less left religion when she was in college. She currently plays handbells at Old South Church in Boston, a United Church of Christ congregation. She has spent a lot of time with Buddhists, but does not belong to a religious organization.
"The process of learning about how religion functions as part of people's lives has not really been a personal quest," says Cadge. "It's been one method to understand the ways that many people make or find meaning in their lives. It's been a lens for me to better understand what makes people tick."


text:
The COVID-19 Task Force had a meeting on Thursday, October 28th. Here are the meeting notes from the Augsburg Staff Union representative.
Minnesota Department of Health Updates:
- MDH suggested keeping the masking requirements indoors through the end of November.
- During the MDH meeting, there was a discussion of what not to use antibody testing for.
- MDH has an updated K-12 decision tree which can also be used in the higher education setting.
- MDH is preparing training for those sharing reassuring and accurate vaccine information with the community.
- We are continuing to see a low number of cases per week– both vaccinated and unvaccinated.
- Vaccination numbers (students and faculty/staff) continue incremental improvement.
- Regional transmission is still very active.
- Testing Access Update:
- A summary of testing opportunities will be discussed with Augsburg Day Student Government regarding how to use and share the information.
- Communication Update:
- COVID Policy hold communication has been sent to students, with information to faculty and staff who may get questions from students.
- Federal approval of booster vaccinations added to Outbreak Planning site.
We set up a Google Form so Augsburg Staff Union members could state their questions or concerns to be addressed at the meeting. The following question was requested in advance of the meeting:
- Q: When an Augsburg staff, student, or faculty member gets a booster to their COVID-19 vaccine, do they need to or are they encouraged to report that info to Augsburg? If so, how?
- A: Dawn Miller addressed this briefly during the meeting. HR is waiting for more detailed guidance from OSHA about federal requirements. Employees are welcome to upload their booster information on the Human Resources page, but this is not a requirement at this time. As more information is clarified, this question will be provided a fuller answer at a future meeting.
Please note: Urgent questions related to COVID-19 should not be submitted via the Google Form, those questions should continue to be sent to _EMAIL_, calling _PHONE_, and/or by using the Augsburg self-reporting form.
The interim staff union representative will continue to send weekly updates based on information gathered in the COVID Task Force meetings and questions asked in the google form.


text:
Unit IC-1 Exam (Sewage drain has collapsed and requires an inspection to…
Unit IC-1 Exam (Sewage drain has collapsed and requires an inspection to be undertaken before repair works can begin.
It requires entry into a confined space 10 M deep.
Outline the possible risk to those entering the sewer, A rectangular steel framed warehouse, measuring 40x100m and 18 m high was severely damaged in a storm.One of the long steel coated walls suffered catastrophic failure,which in turn caused the flat roof of the warehouse to collapse and other coated steel walls to buckle
Outline possible causes of this structural failure, Outline the advantages and limitations of the following types of fall protection equipment,Give an example of suitable use for each., **Worker suspended in a fall protection harness is at risk of suffering from suspension trauma with the potential for serious injury or death.
Outline the precautions an employer could take marks to reduce the risks to the worker in this situation? (10 Marks)**, Outline hazards associated with working with ladders, Outline control measures that minimise risk when working from ladders)