text:
"Det är ju inte hela tiden bara lycka heller" :äldre kvinnors berättade livom arbete, omsorg och åldrande i landsbygdsmiljö
Even though ageing in Western society has been a major issue in research and politics in recent years, there is still a distinct lack of knowledge about elderly people and their experiences. As much of the ongoing research has focused mainly on the oldest of the old and elderly people in need of public care, research about elderly people in general is needed. Ageing in a rural environment is of interest, because research about the elderly and ageing generally concerns urban areas. The study of old women has grown during the last decades in the academic fields of social gerontology and feminist studies. Older women's disadvantaged position has been highlighted from a structural perspective. This knowledge needs to be combined with knowledge from a micro level in order to make other experiences of being an older woman visible.The importance of considering ageing as an integral part of life has been stressed by social gerontological research during the last decades. The focus of this thesis is the life stories of ten women aged between 75 and 85 years of age. The study has two main aims: firstly, to analyse the diverse meanings involved in being a woman who was born between 1920 and 1930, and lives in the Swedish or Finnish rural countryside. Secondly, the aim is to highlight and analyse how caring is reflected in the women's stories about their lives. A broad understanding of caring as a fundamental condition for human existence is stressed in the thesis.Life stories are never complete, nor do they cover the totality of a life lived. The life story is a story told from a certain perspective in a specific situation and the meaning in the life stories is produced through interaction with the researcher. The women who participated in the study have lived their lives through major societal transformations. Historical events that have affected women's rights, possibilities and conditions, have served as a framework for understanding the women's life stories in a wider context. Structural and individual conditions have been taken into account, and indicate that the enabling and limiting conditions are both multi-dimensional and vary from individual to individual. A contextual framing is needed to understand expressions of care in the life stories. The life stories make visible caring as changeable; caring is carried out differently in different contexts and situations. An extended understanding of caring makes it possible to gain additional insights into meaningful expressions of caring during the life course, and these insights reach beyond conventional definitions in theories on caring.
Source Type:Doctoral Dissertation
Keywords:SOCIAL SCIENCES; Social sciences; Social work; INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AREAS; Gender studies; old age; women; life stories; life course; rural environments; gender; work; caring
Date of Publication:01/01/2009


text:
You're assuming that it's 'oxidation '. Copper and it's alloys usually form a sulfide though it can also oxidize. It can also react to ammonia compounds. Cracked case necks -is caused by stress corrosion cracking.Thunderstorms create ammonia compounds from nitrogen in the air.
It's too early to give metallurgy lessons.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: Loud pure hole tones between 2300 and 10,000 Hz were induced in a jet by establishing turbulent flow of gaseous nitrogen through a rectangular chamber with a sharp-edged orifice at the exit. Visual observations of the jet and velocity measurements indicated a very drastic spread of the jet near the orifice exit in the presence of the loud pure tones. The potential core appeared to be no longer present and the flow-field became asymmetric. The enhanced spread of the jet and the asymmetry were not observed when the flow field had a broad-band frequency spectrum. Wavelet analysis of the instantaneous planar Mie scattering flow images was performed with a view to qualitatively study and compare the entrainment and mingling in two jets with and without acoustic self-excitation. Copyright ©2005 Begell House, Inc.


text:
Advocacy in action
Tax Proposal Released; Charitable Giving Endangered
Republican leaders in the U.S. House of Representatives released the text of their long-awaited tax overhaul proposal, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. While the legislation preserves the charitable deduction, it makes other changes to the tax code that could reduce donations to museums and other nonprofits by a remarkable $13 billion per year. Legislators need to hear how important charitable donations are to museums and the communities they serve.
FROM THE NATIONAL TRUST FOR HISTORIC PRESERVATION
The House Ways and Means Committee released a proposed tax reform bill that eliminates the federal historic tax credit (HTC) as part of a sweeping effort to both pay for tax cuts and simplify the tax code. While not unexpected, this policy proposal deals a significant blow to historic preservation. The HTC has a four-decade track record of success in saving our nation's historic buildings, creating over 2.4 million jobs, and actually generating revenue for the U.S. Treasury, returning $1.20 for every taxpayer dollar spent.
President Ronald Reagan praised the HTC as "economic good sense" by significantly leveraging private sector investment. Developers have completed over 42,000 challenging historic rehabilitation projects using the HTC. Without this powerful incentive, historic rehabilitation across the nation will halt, as will significant reinvestment in our communities.
Introduction of the House tax reform bill represents the beginning of a difficult legislative process. Please use the National Trust for Historic Preservation sample message to contact your members of Congress NOW to help save the historic tax credit.
The FY 2018 budget request to Congress included $23 million for administrative expenses to begin a closeout of operations of the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) starting in Fiscal Year 2018.
Contact your legislators to express your continued support for IMLS and other federal agencies facing elimination.
MPMA members and museums in our region join together as one voice to advocate for all museums
About MPMA's Advocacy
MPMA advocates for members at the regional and national level and represents the region at the AAM Council of Regional Associations (CRA). The CRA discusses and advises AAM on trends and issues from around the nation.
MPMA members are encouraged to inform MPMA staff and board members about issues and trends from the field so they can be conveyed to this national body.
Members are also encouraged to alert MPMA to any situation that may require helping public officials understand the beneficial role of museums in a local community or state.
Economic Impact Statements demonstrate your museum's impact on your community to legislators and funders: Samples
How To Guide: This is a step-by-step guide for making appointments and discussing issues.
Issues Briefs: click here to get the most briefs on topics important to the field as developed by AAM
Advocacy Alerts: Keep up with breaking issues in the field that need advocacy here
The annual Museums Advocacy Day takes place over two days, February 26-27, 2018, at the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C. Advocates from around the country are given issue briefings, political updates, and training on how to set up meetings with elected officials and successfully discuss matters of importance to the field. The American Alliance of Museums (AAM) hosts Advocacy Day and arranges all appointments in D.C.
In This Section

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Thesis Type: Postgraduate
Institution Of The Thesis: Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Turkey
Approval Date: 2013
Student: BETÜL CENGİZ
Co-Supervisor: OKAN ESENTÜRK, MEHMET FATİH DANIŞMANAbstract:
Fiber loop ring down (FLRD) spectroscopy is a sensitive spectroscopic technique that is based on absorption and it is convenient for trace chemical detection. Different FLRD systems are being improved in order to increase their sensitivity. In FLRD spectroscopy, detection of a sample is done by measuring of a leaking light at each trip within an optical cavity. Intensity of leaking light has an exponential decay where it is reduced by absorption of sample and scattering of light. In this project, two FLRD set-ups at 1535 nm and 808 nm were designed. In both set-ups, optical fiber and optical fiber couplers are used to form a cavity. At 1535 nm, a FLRD set-up is constructed by utilizing a pulsed laser and used for characterization of thin films, various pure liquids and fluorescein solutions. Two different sensor regions are designed with free space collimators and ferrules for the measurement of thin films and liquids, respectively. The future endeavor of the set-up is improvement for reliability and reproducibility of the system. For visible and NIR regions, a fiber coupled laser with four colors as 642 nm, 785 nm, 808 nm and 852 nm laser is used to design of a FLRD set-up. 808 nm laser is selected to build a prototype of the FLRD system. The construction of a closed loop FLRD set-up is completed and the system is characterized. Ultimate aim in our project is to be able to do trace detection at visible and NIR regions where the chemical sensitivity is higher.


3 iPad Apps That Make Project Planning Easier
3 iPad Apps That Make Project Planning Easier
Image credit: iScope
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Project planning is an art. It involves breaking a goal down into small tasks, then assigning and scheduling those tasks so the work continuously moves toward the finish line.
Traditional project planning tools are designed to handle a complex series of tasks. They're perfect for programmers and engineers but for the average small-business owner, it can be a steep learning curve.
Why not start with something simpler? Here are three iPad apps that take a more creative approach to planning a small project.
1. iScope -- Project Management 4 Humans
This app uses an intuitive interface that looks like a leather trimmed desk blotter. The action is based on task cards which sit on three horizontal rails. Each rail represents a deeper level of sub-tasks, so you can easily break goals into manageable chunks. Click on a task card to add deadlines, write notes and attach files. iScope also has its own contact list so you can contact and assign tasks to team members without leaving the app.
The Project Dashboard tool is where you'll find pie charts and graphs that show your progress on each project. It also shows the progress of each team member so you know at a glance who needs a follow-up call.
The downside to the iScope's friendly interface is that you can only see a minimal amount of information at one time so it's best for short-term projects with a minimal number of tasks.
iScope for the iPad is free to try. The full version costs $9.99.
Related: 6 Apps to Help Unclutter Your Life
2. AgileScrum Pro
It may sound like an odd name for a project planner but AgileScrum is a reference to a software development method that is the basis for the app. The method takes a holistic approach to completing any project by breaking the tasks into tiny increments that your entire team can work on at the same time.
AgileScrum comes with a recognizable interface -- the old fashioned bulletin board. The board has three columns: To Do, In Progress and Done. Each task is a yellow post-it that can be dragged from one column to the next. You can assign tasks to team members, give them a specific number of hours for completion and run reports to see who is putting in the time.
The downside to this free app is that it uses terminology specific to the Agile Development method, so there's a bit of a learning curve to start.
3. Treed
Based on the concept of a tree (the project goal) with limbs (tasks) and smaller branches (sub-tasks), Treed is designed to force you to work backwards from your goal with large text boxes and a minimalist design.
Once you create your tree, you can drag and drop the task boxes, check off completed tasks, zoom out to see the big picture and use the ready task list to focus on your priorities.
What Treed doesn't do is handle dates, so it only works for projects that don't have a specific deadline. Without a free trial version, Treed costs $11.99.
Related: 5 Little-Known iPhone and iPad Apps for Startups


Pioneers of Love
This was published 15 years ago
Pioneers of Love
By Robin Oliver
SBS has a fine tradition in indigenous matters, but seldom has it offered such a beautifully stated piece of close focus as it does in this two-part account of Leandro Illin, a Russian nobleman who fled rising Bolshevik unrest and in 1910 arrived in Queensland. With 11 other Russians, he took up a parcel of land in wild country in the Atherton rainforest. Their Utopian community became known as Little Siberia.
Leandro was 28 when he met Kitty Clarke, a 20-year-old Aboriginal widow with three children. His upbringing had made him respect justice and equality and he scorned the white man's law that made it a criminal offence to have sex or even "sleep under the same blanket" as an Aborigine. As his diary of 1912 states, it was "difficult to make a home without a woman". So, in the language of the day, he "had connections" with Kitty.
When this relationship produced a child, Leandro applied to marry Kitty, whereupon John Bleakley, the Chief Protector of Aborigines, a man determined to maintain the purity of the white man "when there is a degrading race living in those conditions", sent Constable Pike to investigate. Pike was impressed and believed Leandro and Kitty should be married.
Bleakley refused and ordered the children seized. The family hid deep in the bush. How Leandro confronted Queensland Premier William Gillies at Atherden railway station to plead his case, how Gillies sent consent to marry via Constable Pike and how Leandro and Kitty, avoiding Bleakley, made an arduous journey to get married in Innisfail is a grand story, superbly illuminated by Leandro's daughters.
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Popular Classic Car Wheel Bolt Patterns
Classic Car Wheels
Starting in the late 1920s, American automobile manufacturers primarily used a five lug bolt pattern on passenger car wheels, and five lug bolt patterns still remain common today for passenger cars and light trucks.
General Motors
Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Oldsmobile, and Pontiac
General Motors wheels had two common bolt patterns: 5×4-3/4 and 5×5.
The smaller 5×4-3/4 bolt pattern is extremely common, as Camaro, Corvette, Chevelle and many more GM makes and models featured the 5×4-3/4 bolt pattern.
The larger 5×5 bolt pattern was used for light trucks, as well as many full-size cars in the Buick, Oldsmobile and Pontiac lines.
Ford Motor Company
Ford, Lincoln, and Mercury
Ford, Lincoln, and Mercury also had two common five lug bolt patterns: 5×4-1/2 and 5×5-1/2.
Ford did also produce several passenger cars with 5×5 bolt pattern.
The smaller 5×4-1/2 pattern was mainly used for mid-size and full-size passenger cars from 1949 on, such as Fairlane, Galaxie, Torino and more, while the larger 5×5-1/2 bolt pattern was used for light trucks.
The 5×5-1/2 bolt pattern was common for early Fords from 1928 to 1948, with the exception of what's known as "wide 5" hubs, which were available from 1936 to 1939.
Wide 5 wheels are very easy to identify, because of the very large 10-1/4 lug spread. Wide 5 wheels are pretty rare.
Mopar
Chrysler, DeSoto, Dodge, Imperial, Plymouth
Mopar vehicles each used 5×4-1/2 bolt pattern, with the only exception being the smaller 5×4 bolt pattern, an uncommon pattern which was used on smaller vehicles such as the Plymouth Valiant and Dodge Dart.
The primary difference between Ford wheels and typical Mopar wheels is the center hole (or center bore) is generally smaller on Mopar wheels. Also, during the 1960s and '70s, many Mopar vehicles had left-hand-thread and right-hand-thread lug nuts for either side of the car.
Are you looking for 6 Lug Bolt Pattern, or Other Bolt Patterns?
Roadkill Conversations on Facebook


A Quick Guide to- the Common Cockchafer

The common cockchafer, Melolontha melolontha, is a rather large beetle that flies about noisily, emitting a loud whirring noise. It is more commonly known as the May Bug and it gets this nickname as it commonly emerges in early May and is seen frequently during this time. Due to its large size and clumsy flight, it can cause quite a stir when seen and social media is often full of enquiries about this beetle. So, now that we are in the peak season for this species, here's all you need to know about the cockchafer.

Identification
The common cockchafer is a fairly large beetle that can grow up to 3.5cm in length. It is the UK's largest chafer species. They have rusty brown elytra (wing cases), brown legs, a black thorax and a black head. They are covered in short hairs which can give them a 'dusty' appearance. They also have whitish markings on their abdomen, which can be seen under the edges of their elytra.
They have rather spectacular orange antennae that have a beautiful fan-like tip. These antennae also help us to determine the sex of the beetle as males have 7 leaves in their fan-like tip and females have only 6.
The common cockchafer differs from similar chafer species by having a pointed pygidium, which is a segment at the end of their abdomen. This pygidium often leads people to believe that this species can sting, but do not worry– this beetle cannot sting. The pointed pygidium is actually used by females to push their eggs into soil.
Photographer: Marcus Mitschack
Photographer: Marcus Mitschack
The larvae look considerably less attractive than their adult counterparts. They are white, with reddish/brown heads and appear C-shaped due to their curved body. They have 3 pairs of reddish/brown legs. They grow up to 4.5cm and can be easily confused with other chafer beetle larvae and stag beetle larvae.
Photographer: Danny Steaven
Photographer: Danny Steaven

Lifecycle
Cockchafers lay their eggs into soil in the summertime, roughly in June/July and these eggs then hatch into the fat, white larvae. The larvae spend their lives living within the soil, feeding on plant and grass roots. They do this for a period of 3 years (sometimes 4-5 years in colder climates) until they reach a length of 4cm-4.5cm. Once they reach this size, they move deeper down in the soil and pupate. They emerge as adults in autumn but stay buried until spring. They surface in either April or May, depending on how warm it is. Adults survive for 5-6 weeks and during this time they mate, with females being able to lay up to 80 eggs.
1024px-Reitter-1908_table75_life_cycle
Although adults are often seen, due to their noisy and rather clumsy flight, larvae are less commonly seen. Gardeners tend to come across the larvae most often, whilst working in the soil.

Habitat
Adults can often be found in gardens and they frequent hedgerows, parks and grasslands. Adults chew on the leaves of trees and flowers so can often be found flying near the tops of trees.
Photographer: Alex Nadolniy
Photographer: Alex Nadolniy
Adults are attracted to light and can often be heard bumping into lighted windows during May. Due to their nature of flying at the height of tree tops, they also regularly come into contact with chimneys and have been known to fall down them on occasion. They are mainly seen (and heard) during the early evening from May until early July.

Distribution
Cockchafer larvae can be a pest of some cereal and vegetable crops when present in large numbers. Because of this, the beetle was subjected to heavy pest control throughout history. Before pesticides came on the market, cockchafers were controlled by the collection and killing of adults, which worked moderately well. Then, in the 20th century, pesticides came on the market and unfortunately this caused cockchafer numbers to decline dramatically. Thankfully, new regulations regarding pesticide use came into effect in the 1980's and since then their numbers have began to increase.
Cockchafers are currently wide-spread in Britain.
Photographer: Mark Aldron
Photographer: Mark Aldron

References
NatureSpot, (2017). Common Cockchafer- Melolontha melolontha. [Online] Available at: _URL_ [Accessed 06 May 2017].
National Insect Week, (2017). Cockchafer (May-bug). [Online] Available at: _URL_ [Accessed 06 May 2017].
Discover Wildlife, (2017). 7 things you never knew about the cockchafer. [Online] Available at: _URL_ [Accessed 05 May 2017].
The RSPB, (2017). The RSPB: A to Z of a Wildlife Garden: Cockchafer. [Online] Available at: _URL_ [Accessed 05 May 2017].
Royal Horticultural Society, (2017). Chafer grubs in lawns/RHS gardening. [Online] Available at: _URL_ [Accessed 05 May 2017].
Buglife, (2017). Common cockchafer. [Online] Available at: _URL_ [Accessed 05 May 2017].
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Rachel Davies
Rachel Davies
Currently studying for an MRes in Wildlife Conservation at the University of Chester. Research focuses on the White-faced Darter, an endangered dragonfly species here in Britain. Rachel also has a blog titled 'working with wildlife'.
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Distinguish between mealy and moore machine, Theory of Computation
Distinguish between Mealy and Moore Machine? Construct a Mealy machine that can output EVEN or ODD According to the total no. of 1's encountered is even or odd.
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[Powershell Script - Convert IIS logs to CSV]parsing IIS logs using PowerShell
There are multiple ways to do reporting on the IIS logs, there are various tools available for the same as well, but I thought to play around with string manipulation in PowerShell so got an idea to do a script on parsing and Converting IIS logs to Table format in PowerShell sessions or export to CSV.
The main motive of this post is to give an idea on how can we filter specific logs easily and generate a report out of IIS Logs in CSV format.
So let's start
Let's first get the content of the logs file in a Powershell array, which we want to search through to generate the report, we can loop through each log file if there are more than one log file.
Single File Example:
$logFilepath="D:\Logs\IISLogs.txt" $logdata=(gc $logfilepath)
To search through the multiple files.
foreach ($file in (Get-ChildItem $logFilePath))
Now Once we have the Logs consolidated, we can further search through $logdata for logs we are interested in.
Let's say I want to find out how many connection requests has been made by the user "Labadmin" for EWS service?
So to prepare the data into the tabular format, lets first get the table header.
As the 4th line of the logs has all the details, we are going to select that line only using the index no [3], for those who wondering why [3], the index in PowerShell start from [0,1,2,3] etc.
$CsvHeader=$logdata[3]."_TAG_: ","")
Now we can do a search through the logs.
$EWSLogs=$logdata |? {$_ -match "Labadmin" -and $_ -match "EWS"}
This will get us the log entries, where both strings match "Labdmin" and "EWS", we can add more -match to shorten the results,
Now we have the logs we wanted, as the logs file is delimited with space in between what we just need to do is to replace the space with the comma ",".
So let's see how we can do it.
lets first combined our header and EWS logs data to one array.
$FinalData=@() $FinalData+=$CsvHeader $FinalData+=$EWSLogs
Now we will use replace method to replace space with ",".
foreach ($line in $FinalData)
$newline=$line.replace(" ",",")
Now Let's convert it to a table form, once we have data in the table form we can work at the object level, or you can just export to CSV.
$Table = Convertfrom-Csv $Report -UseCulture
Now you will have data in Table and can do further analyses if you wish.
Let's further find out how many times this user made EWS connection successfully.
$table | Group-Object -Property sc-status
So this is how we can use PowerShell to do reporting on IIS logs, Please feel free to leave your comments, feedback, and suggestions.
Below is full consolidated script Code used in this post.
$logFilepath = "C:\Users\sunil\Desktop\caslogs.txt"
$logdata = Get-Content $logfilepath
$CsvHeader=$logdata[3].Replace("_TAG_: ","")
foreach ($line in $FinalData){
$Report+=$newline }
$table = Convertfrom-Csv $Report -UseCulture
$table | Group-Object -Property sc-status


In the 1920s, businesses tricked shoppers by putting fake television sets in their windowsS
Although television sets wouldn't be mass produced in the United States until after WWII, by the 1920s, many Americans were already captivated by the idea of moving pictures broadcast into their homes. To capitalize on the interest in this not-quite-ready-for-primetime technology, some stores would actually set up fake television sets to lure shoppers to their windows.
Matt Novak of Paleofuture details a couple of methods for creating fake television displays, from the August 1926 issue of Science and Invention magazine. In the example above, a prerecorded filmstrip is broadcast against a screen in one section of the window, showing an actress making various movements and expressions. The actress herself sits in another part of the window, trying to mimic her prerecorded movements as best she can while seated in front of a fake camera (actually a lamplit funnel). The hope was that passersby wouldn't notice any discrepancies between the two performances and would believe that the "camera" was truly broadcasting the actress's face to the nearby projector.
Paleofuture explains another rather ingenious method of fake television creation, one that didn't require such an attentive actress.
In the 1920s, Shoppers Got Punk'd By Fake Televisions [Paleofuture]


text:
Montreal, QC (PRWEB) June 25, 2014
Infolytica Corporation has released the newest versions of its simulation suite of software: MagNet, ElecNet, ThermNet and OptiNet. Specializing in electromagnetic and electric fields, Infolytica offers easy to use software solutions for engineers searching to reduce cost and obtain a better design.
MagNet v7.5 can now predict the surface force density on a component, including cases where the component is touching others.
MagNet can also support laminations and other types of material segmentations with the perfect electric insulator boundary condition. When using this new boundary condition on a surface, MagNet will stop current flow between touching conducting components. This approach is much quicker as it eliminates the need to mesh a very thin insulating sheet - a long process which increases the solution time drastically.
After working with several power transformer designers and learning more about their simulation needs, Infolytica has developed an unmatched proprietary formulation of the nonlinear surface impedance approximation. In the new formulation, both the low and the high saturation regions of the non-linear BH properties are modeled accurately.
Other general improvements include:
Pricing and Availability
MagNet, ElecNet, ThermNet and OptiNet v7.5 are now available for Microsoft Windows 7 or 8. For information regarding pricing or to request an evaluation, please contact an Infolytica Corporation representative nearest you.
About Infolytica Corporation
Infolytica Corporation has offered state-of-the-art design software for electromagnetic and electric field simulations since 1978. Engineers from a wide range of industries trust our software to understand and predict the performance of their device in applications such as electric machines, sensors and non-destructive testing (NDT), induction heating, MRI, shielding, power transformers and much more.
Subscribe to our RSS feed to ensure you receive all the latest news from Infolytica Corporation


text:
Catholic Parishes in Prince Edward Island
by Father Alfred E. Burke, ca. 1885
During the mid-1880's, Father Alfred E. Burke wrote histories for most of the Catholic parishes of that time on Prince Edward Island. The reasons for doing so are mentioned in the Introduction, below. These histories, copied and typed by Professor J-Henri Blanchard, most likely during the 1950's, have survived and are available on microfilm (Microfilm number F-1045) at the Centre d'études acadiennes in Moncton. The originals are held by the Diocesan Archives in Charlottetown. Copies may also be viewed at the PEI Public Archives and Records Office.
These histories, as originally intended [see the Introduction], were never published. There is no mention of either the Magdalen Island parishes or the biographies of the priests in the transcript I have seen. Likewise, it is doubtful that the histories were ever formally published.
Although his sources are not listed, the material was probably derived from popular accounts and the memories of elder parishioners, with some data from church records interspersed among it. Even though it is, to some extent, second or third-hand information it is useful nonetheless. At the time Father Burke set these histories to paper, most of the people residing within these parishes were only a generation or two removed from the original founders. In some cases the oldest members of a parish may have been the founders themselves, or their children, and thus were witnesses to what Father Burke recorded.
I am presenting Father Burke's history as it appears in Prof. Blanchard's typed transcriptions with one exception - the formatting of paragraphs. These I have broken down into smaller, more logical, units to make reading easier. However, I have not touched the original sentence structure, punctuation, spelling or grammar.
The individual parish histories, as well as the introduction written by Father Burke, can be viewed using the links below in the table of contents. This is a copy of the same table of contents that appears in Prof. Blanchard's transcription.
Unfortunately, I did not have time to copy all of Prof. Blanchard's transcripts. Therefore, a handful of the histories are not included below. These can be identified by the lack of hyperlink to the actual parish history (but are not marked as "lost" or "missing.")
Readers should note that the files marked as "lost" or "missing" were just that when Prof. Blanchard created his transcript. Years afterwards - and after I completed my own transcriptions - copies of Father's Burke's original handwritten notes were located at the Centre d'études acadiennes in Moncton, NB. The missing parishes were included amongst the originals.
The complete history is now available online and for download in PDF format at _URL_
I want to thank Claudia Boorman for having brought the online file to my attention.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction - 1 page
Alberton (Mission of the Sacred Heart) - 3 pages
Baldwin's Road (Mission of St. Theresa) - 7 pages
Bear River (Mission of St. Margaret) - 8 pages
Bloomfield - Lost
Brae (Mission of St. Mary) - 2 pages
Cardigan Bridge (Mission of All Saints) - 4 pages
Corran Bann (Mission of St. Michael) - 2 pages
Cove Head (Mission of St. Eugene's) - 1 page
Charlottetown (The Cathedral Parish of St. Dunstan's) - 37 pages
De Sable (Mission of St. Joseph's) - 6 pages
East Point (Mission of St. Columba) - 9 pages
Egmont Bay - Missing
Fort Augustus (Mission of St. Patrick) - 5 pages
Freetown (Mission of the Holy Magi) - 2 pages
Georgetown (Mission of St. James) - 6 pages
Hope River (Mission of St. Anne) - 4 pages
Indian River (Mission of St. Mary) - 5 pages
Kincora (Mission of St. Malachy) - 8 pages
Little Pond (Mission of St. Francis) - 2 pages
Miscouche - Missing
Montague Bridge (Mission of St. Mary) - 3 pages
Montague West (Mission of St. Michael) - 5 pages
Mont-Carmel - Lost
Morell (Mission of St. Lawrence) - 5 pages
Palmer Road (Mission of St. Thomas) - 3 pages
Rollo Bay (Mission of St. Alexis) - 8 pages
Rustico - Lost
St. Andrew's (Mission of St. Andrew's) - 9 pages
St. George - Missing
St. Peter's Bay (St. Peter's Mission) - 6 pages
Seven Mile Bay (Mission of St. Peter) - 3 pages
Souris (Mission of St. Mary) - 5 pages
Sturgeon (Mission of St. Paul) - 4 pages
Tignish - Missing
Township Seven (Mission of St. Mark) - 3 pages
Township Eleven (Mission of St. Bridget) - 3 pages
Tracadie (Mission of St. Bonaventure) - 5 pages
Vernon River (Mission of St. Joachim) - 6 pages
NOTE: The number of pages referred to in the Table of Contents is in regard to the length of the typed copies by Prof. Blanchard, and is his notation, not mine. His transcripts were type-written, double spaced, on regular 8.5 x 11 inch sheets.


text:
To read this paper, click here.
Judicial opinions comprise part of the historical record. Thus, judicial attention to historical context is important, because it will influence how future generations interpret historical events. Generalist judges often have difficulty facing and interpreting difficult historical facts. The recent wave of litigation concerning Holocaust-era art demonstrates the phenomenon particularly well. Modern day judges deciding motions to dismiss under the Twombly and Iqbal standards must determine which claims are "plausible." They bring their common sense to the decision-making process. The problem is that the Third Reich was a time and place where common sense did not reign. Nor was the international art market during or after World War II. Thus, some claimants' true narratives seem to be fantastical, rather than entirely plausible. This Article assesses the state of claims to Holocaust-era art, concludes that claims have been dismissed improperly because they did not reconcile with judicial notions of common sense, and recommends that judges actively seek the input of historians while remaining vigilant not to allow the historical record to become politicized and biased in the advocacy process.
Jennifer Anglim Kreder, Northern Kentucky University - Salmon P. Chase College of Law
Vol. 61 Kansas Law Review, October 2012, Forthcoming

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


' event if the signal cannot be delivered. Sending a signal to a child process that has already exited is not an error but may have unforeseen consequences. Specifically, if the process identifier (PID) has been reassigned to another process, the signal will be delivered to that process instead which can have unexpected results.
 While the function is called kill , the signal delivered to the child process may not actually terminate the process.
 See kill(2) for reference.
 On Linux, child processes of child processes will not be terminated when attempting to kill their parent. This is likely to happen when running a new process in a shell or with the use of the shell option of ChildProcess :
 subprocess.killed #
 - Set to true after subprocess.kill() is used to successfully send a signal to the child process.
 The subprocess.killed property indicates whether the child process successfully received a signal from subprocess.kill() . The killed property does not indicate that the child process has been terminated.
 subprocess.pid #
 Returns the process identifier (PID) of the child process.
 subprocess.ref() #
 Calling subprocess.ref() after making a call to subprocess.unref() will restore the removed reference count for the child process, forcing the parent to wait for the child to exit before exiting itself.
 subprocess.send(message[, sendHandle[, options]][, callback]) #
 History
 Version Changes
 v10.10.0
 The options parameter, and the keepOpen option in particular, is supported now.
 This method returns a boolean for flow control now.
 The callback parameter is supported now.
 - message
 - sendHandle
 options The options argument, if present, is an object used to parameterize the sending of certain types of handles. options supports the following properties:
 - keepOpen A value that can be used when passing instances of net.Socket . When true , the socket is kept open in the sending process. Default: false .
 - callback
 - Returns:
 - When an IPC channel has been established between the parent and child ( i.e. when using child_process.fork() ), the subprocess.send() method can be used to send messages to the child process. When the child process is a Node.js instance, these messages can be received via the 'message' event.
 The message goes through serialization and parsing. The resulting message might not be the same as what is originally sent.
 For example, in the parent script:
 And then the child script, 'sub.js' might look like this:
 Child Node.js processes will have a process.send() method of their own that allows the child to send messages back to the parent.
 There is a special case when sending a message. Messages containing a NODE_ prefix in the cmd property are reserved for use within Node.js core and will not be emitted in the child's 'message' event. Rather, such messages are emitted using the 'internalMessage' event and are consumed internally by Node.js. Applications should avoid using such messages or listening for 'internalMessage' events as it is subject to change without notice.
 The optional sendHandle argument that may be passed to subprocess.send() is for passing a TCP server or socket object to the child process. The child will receive the object as the second argument passed to the callback function registered on the 'message' event. Any data that is received and buffered in the socket will not be sent to the child.
 The optional callback is a function that is invoked after the message is sent but before the child may have received it. The function is called with a single argument: null on success, or an Error object on failure.
 If no callback function is provided and the message cannot be sent, an 'error' event will be emitted by the ChildProcess object. This can happen, for instance, when the child process has already exited.
 subprocess.send() will return false if the channel has closed or when the backlog of unsent messages exceeds a threshold that makes it unwise to send more. Otherwise, the method returns true . The callback function can be used to implement flow control.
 Example: sending a server object #
 The sendHandle argument can be used, for instance, to pass the handle of a TCP server object to the child process as illustrated in the example below:
 The child would then receive the server object as:
 Once the server is now shared between the parent and child, some connections can be handled by the parent and some by the child.
 While the example above uses a server created using the net module, dgram module servers use exactly the same workflow with the exceptions of listening on a 'message' event instead of 'connection' and using server.bind() instead of server.listen() . This is, however, currently only supported on Unix platforms.
 Example: sending a socket object #
 Similarly, the sendHandler argument can be used to pass the handle of a socket to the child process. The example below spawns two children that each handle connections with «normal» or «special» priority:
 The subprocess.js would receive the socket handle as the second argument passed to the event callback function:
 Once a socket has been passed to a child, the parent is no longer capable of tracking when the socket is destroyed. To indicate this, the .connections property becomes null . It is recommended not to use .maxConnections when this occurs.
 It is also recommended that any 'message' handlers in the child process verify that socket exists, as the connection may have been closed during the time it takes to send the connection to the child.
 subprocess.stderr #
 A Readable Stream that represents the child process's stderr .
 If the child was spawned with stdio[2] set to anything other than 'pipe' , then this will be null .
 subprocess.stderr is an alias for subprocess.stdio[2] . Both properties will refer to the same value.
 subprocess.stdin #
 A Writable Stream that represents the child process's stdin .
 If a child process waits to read all of its input, the child will not continue until this stream has been closed via end() .
 If the child was spawned with stdio[0] set to anything other than 'pipe' , then this will be null .
 subprocess.stdin is an alias for subprocess.stdio[0] . Both properties will refer to the same value.
 subprocess.stdio #
 A sparse array of pipes to the child process, corresponding with positions in the stdio option passed to child_process.spawn() that have been set to the value 'pipe' . subprocess.stdio[0] , subprocess.stdio[1] , and subprocess.stdio[2] are also available as subprocess.stdin , subprocess.stdout , and subprocess.stderr , respectively.
 In the following example, only the child's fd 1 (stdout) is configured as a pipe, so only the parent's subprocess.stdio[1] is a stream, all other values in the array are null .
 subprocess.stdout #
 A Readable Stream that represents the child process's stdout .
 If the child was spawned with stdio[1] set to anything other than 'pipe' , then this will be null .
 Spawn создать процесс
 _spawn, _wspawn Functions
 Each of the _spawn functions creates and executes a new process:
 The letters at the end of the function name determine the variation.
 Version Changes
 v5.8.0
 Letter Variant
 e envp , array of pointers to environment settings, is passed to new process.
 l Command-line arguments are passed individually to _spawn function. This suffix is typically used when a number of parameters to a new process is known in advance.
 p PATH environment variable is used to find the file to execute.
 v argv , array of pointers to command-line arguments, is passed to _spawn function. This suffix is typically used when a number of parameters to a new process is variable.
 The _spawn functions each create and execute a new process. They automatically handle multibyte-character string arguments as appropriate, recognizing multibyte-character sequences according to the multibyte code page currently in use. The _wspawn functions are wide-character versions of the _spawn functions; they do not handle multibyte-character strings. Otherwise, the _wspawn functions behave identically to their _spawn counterparts.
 Generic-Text Routine Mappings
 Tchar.h routine _UNICODE and _MBCS not defined _MBCS defined _UNICODE defined
 _tspawnl _spawnl _spawnl _wspawnl
 _tspawnle _spawnle _spawnle _wspawnle
 _tspawnlp _spawnlp _spawnlp _wspawnlp
 _tspawnlpe _spawnlpe _spawnlpe _wspawnlpe
 _tspawnv _spawnv _spawnv _wspawnv
 _tspawnve _spawnve


text:
Sign in to or out of Windows
When you sign out of Windows, all of the apps you were using are closed, but the PC isn't turned off. Another person can sign in without needing to restart the PC—but even if someone else turns off the PC, your info won't be lost.
You also don't necessarily have to sign out of Windows. You can lock the PC instead, and other people can still sign in to their accounts from the sign-in screen.
Watch a video about signing in and out. (To view captions in your language, tap or click the Closed captioning
"Sign in to" and "sign out of" mean the same as "log on to" and "log out from," respectively.
To sign out of Windows
Open Start by swiping in from the right edge of the screen (or if you're using a mouse, pointing to the upper-right corner of the screen and moving the mouse pointer down), and then tapping or clicking Start.
Tap or click your account picture in the upper-right corner, and then choose Sign out.
To sign in to Windows
Swipe up from the bottom edge of the screen (or press any key if you're using a keyboard) to dismiss the lock screen.
In the sign-in screen, sign in to your PC using the method of your choice.
If you want to sign in with a different account than the one shown on the sign-in screen, tap or click the Back button and choose an account. If you're prompted to press Ctrl+Alt+Delete, do so.
To pick a different sign-in method, tap or click Sign-in options to see the available choices.
You can also switch to a different user account without signing out of Windows.


text:
ABSTRACT: The latitudinal distribution patterns of alpha, beta and gamma diversity of reptiles, amphibians and herpetofauna were analyzed using individual binary models of potential distribution for 301species predicted by ecological modelling for a grid of 9,932 quadrants of ~25 km2 each. We arranged quadrants in 312latitudinal bands in which alpha, beta and gamma values were determined. Latitudinal trends of all scales of diversity were similar in all groups. Alpha and gamma responded inversely to latitude whereas beta showed a high latitudinal fluctuation due to the high number of endemic species. Alpha and gamma showed a strong correlation in all groups. Beta diversity is an important component of the herpetofauna distribution patterns as a continuous source of species diversity throughout the region.
Animal Biodiversity and Conservation. 01/2007;


Momentum with Examples
momentum imageLook at the given pictures. If both the car and the truck have same speed, which one can be stopped first? Of course all you say, it is hard to stop truck relative to car. Well, what is the reason making car stop easier? They have same speed but different masses. Can mass effect the stopping time or distance? The answer is again YES! It is hard to stop heavier
objects. What we are talking about so far is momentum.
Momentum is a physical concept that is defined as "moving body". In other words for talking about momentum momentum image1we must have moving object, it must have both mass and velocity. Let me formulize what we said;
Momentum=Mass X Velocity
We show momentum in physics with "p", mass with "m" and velocity with "v". Then equation becomes;
Since velocity is a vector quantity and multiplied with mass (scalar quantity) momentum becomes also vector quantity. It has both magnitude and direction. Direction of momentum is the same as velocity. From the definition and given equation we can change momentum by changing its mass or changing its velocity.
Unit of the momentum is kg.m/s as you can guess from the equation.
Example Calculate the momentum of the give objects.
 1. A basketball ball having 2kg mass and 6m/s velocity moves to the east
 2. A car having 15m/s velocity and 1500kg mass moves to the north
 3. A child having mass 25kg and velocity 2m/s moves to the west
a. Momentum of basketball;
momentum example1
b. Momentum of car;
momentum example2
c. Momentum of boy;
momentum example3
Impulse Momentum Exams and Solutions
examples of momentum in basketball
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examples of velocity in basketball
examples of impulse in basketball
examples of momentum with solution
show momentum of car equation
example of momentum=mass x velocity
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momentum + basketball + physics
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Why Does Rendering Take So Long Blender?
Does blender use CPU or GPU?
Blender has a user preference setting for utilizing CPU or GPU, it is totally up to you.
You can work with either CPU or GPU or both(If using blender 2.8).
If you want to render using blender engine, your CPU will work just fine(provided it is the latest version of i5 or higher)..
How long does it take to render an image?
It is up to you to decide when you think the render is clear enough for your purposes. Most renders will give their first image within 30 seconds, but it may take 3/4 hours to give a clear image. Large images (greater than 5 megapixels) may need to be left overnight to become clear.
How long does it take to render a 3d image?
Normally we turn around renderings in less than a week, 3-4 days is pretty typical, but sometimes we get a client that needs something in 24 hours.
Is 16gb RAM enough for 3d rendering?
What is the best render engine for Blender?
Price and Blender IntegrationRender EnginePriceIntegrationMaxwell$650Unofficial Add-onMitsubaFreeUnofficial Add-onOctane$460Separate Blender BuildV-Ray$350Separate Blender Build2 more rows•Aug 4, 2015
Do professionals use blender?
Why does rendering take so long?
Render times are CPU and project dependent. CPU: The faster your computer's CPU the faster your rendering will complete. In general, for shorter rendering times, a faster CPU is better. PROJECT: Larger, more complex projects will also have longer render times compared to shorter, simpler projects.
How do I speed up my blender render?
Speed Up Cycles Rendering with These 5 Easy Settings Tweaks1.Enable GPU Rendering in Blender's User Preferences.2.Decrease Light Bounces in the Render Tab.3.Decrease the Clamp Value Settings.4.Increase the Render Tile Size and Amount.5.Decrease the Sample Amount.Make Rendering in Blender Easy.
Is blender good for rendering?
Blender is amazing. … If you take the time to set everything up in Blender and you use the Cycles render engine, you should have no problem getting high quality animation and renders. Take a look as some of the movies that have been made with Blender, and also the high quality renders made using Blender on Artstation.
Will more RAM increase rendering speed?
Why is Final Cut rendering so slow?
Close other applications. Other applications running on your Mac can cause Final Cut Pro X to slow down. Even apps like Twitter and Google Chrome can have a big impact on your RAM and processing power. Close down everything you don't need to run to ensure FCPX can run at its best.
Why does Final Cut Pro keep rendering?
The render loop is usually cause by disabled clips, audio transitions and fades, and titles. Try close and reopen fcpx and toggle on and off all your disabled clips. If that doesn't work move on to audio transitions, then fades, then titles.
Why is Final Cut Pro so expensive?
Is 128gb RAM overkill?
How long do blender renders take?
Which render engine is best?
Without further ado, here are the 10 best architectural visualization renderers.1 | VRAY. There really is no other choice for the top spot.2 | MAXWELL. … 3 | BLENDER. … 4 | LUMION 3D. … 5 | VIZ RENDER. … 6 | OCTANE RENDER. … 7 | MODO. … 8 | AUTODESK REVIT. … More items…
Is 32gb RAM overkill?


RT - Journal Article T1 - COMPUTING WIENER INDEX OF HAC5C7[p, q] NANOTUBES BY GAP PROGRAM JF - IJMSI YR - 2008 JO - IJMSI VO - 3 IS - 1 UR - _URL_ SP - 1 EP - 12 K1 - Nanotube K1 - Wiener Index K1 - Adjacent Vertices. AB - The Wiener index of a graph Gis defined as W(G) =1/2[Sum(d(i,j)] over all pair of elements of V(G), where V (G) is the set of vertices of G and d(i, j) is the distance between vertices i and j. In this paper, we give an algorithm by GAP program that can be compute the Wiener index for any graph also we compute the Wiener index of HAC5C7[p, q] and HAC5C6C7[p, q] nanotubes by this program. LA eng UL _URL_ M3 10.7508/ijmsi.2008.01.001 ER -


text:
will silently replace the module (and anything imported from it) with an object of type
errorbehaves in the same way as
skipbut is not quite as silent – it will flag the import as an error, like this:
main.py:1: note: Import of'mycode.bar' ignored main.py:1: note: (Using --follow-imports=error, module not passed on command line)
If you are starting a new codebase and plan on using type hints from
the start, we recommend you use either
(the default) or
--follow-imports=error. Either option will help
make sure you are not skipping checking any part of your codebase by
If you are planning on adding type hints to a large, existing code base,
we recommend you start by trying to make your entire codebase (including
files that do not use type hints) pass under
This is usually not too difficult to do: mypy is designed to report as
few error messages as possible when it is looking at unannotated code.
If doing this is intractable, we recommend passing mypy just the files
you want to type check and use
--follow-imports=silent. Even if
mypy is unable to perfectly type check a file, it can still glean some
useful information by parsing it (for example, understanding what methods
a given object has). See Using mypy with an existing codebase for more recommendations.
We do not recommend using
skip unless you know what you are doing:
while this option can be quite powerful, it can also cause many
Mapping file paths to modules¶
One of the main ways you can tell mypy what files to type check is by providing mypy the paths to those files. For example:
$ mypy file_1.py foo/file_2.py file_3.pyi some/directory
This section describes how exactly mypy maps the provided paths to modules to type check.
- Files ending in
.py(and stub files ending in
.pyi) are checked as Python modules.
- Files not ending in
.pyiare assumed to be Python scripts and checked as such.
- Directories representing Python packages (i.e. containing a
__init__.py[i]file) are checked as Python packages; all submodules and subpackages will be checked (subpackages must themselves have a
- Directories that don't represent Python packages (i.e. not directly
__init__.py[i]file) are checked as follows:
*.py[i]files contained directly therein are checked as toplevel Python modules;
- All packages contained directly therein (i.e. immediate
subdirectories with an
__init__.py[i]file) are checked as toplevel Python packages.
One more thing about checking modules and packages: if the directory
containing a module or package specified on the command line has an
__init__.py[i] file, mypy assigns these an absolute module name by
crawling up the path until no
__init__.py[i] file is found.
For example, suppose we run the command
mypy foo/bar/baz.py where
foo/bar/__init__.py exists but
foo/__init__.py does not. Then
the module name assumed is
bar.baz and the directory
added to mypy's module search path.
On the other hand, if
foo/bar/__init__.py did not exist,
would be added to the module search path instead, and the module name
assumed is just
If a script (a file not ending in
.py[i]) is processed, the module
name assumed is
__main__ (matching the behavior of the
Python interpreter), unless
--scripts-are-modules is passed.
How imports are found¶
When mypy encounters an
import statement or receives module
names from the command line via the
flags, mypy tries to find the module on the file system similar
to the way Python finds it. However, there are some differences.
First, mypy has its own search path. This is computed from the following items:
MYPYPATHenvironment variable (a colon-separated list of directories).
mypy_pathconfig file option.
- The directories containing the sources given on the command line (see below).
- The installed packages marked as safe for type checking (see PEP 561 support)
- The relevant directories of the typeshed repo.
For sources given on the command line, the path is adjusted by crawling
up from the given file or package to the nearest directory that does not
__init__.pyi file. If the given path
is relative, it will only crawl as far as the current working directory.
Second, mypy searches for stub files in addition to regular Python files
The rules for searching for a module
foo are as follows:
- The search looks in each of the directories in the search path (see above) until a match is found.
- If a package named
foois found (i.e. a directory
__init__.pyifile) that's a match.
- If a stub file named
foo.pyiis found, that's a match.
- If a Python module named
foo.pyis found, that's a match.
These matches are tried in order, so that if multiple matches are found in the same directory on the search path (e.g. a package and a Python file, or a stub file and a Python file) the first one in the above list wins.
In particular, if a Python file and a stub file are both present in the same directory on the search path, only the stub file is used. (However, if the files are in different directories, the one found in the earlier directory is used.)


How to download Shareit for PC
0
820
Download share it for PC
Multimedia could be shared from one device to another by following different processes. There are two types of ways by which you can share all your multimedia from one device to another. This includes the transfer of data with the help of wires or without the help of wire also called wirelessly. Connecting two different devices with the help of wire can easily transfer data of one device two other with ease. But it won't be wrong to say that carrying wires everywhere would not be great. So the most used way of transferring data from one device to another is using a wireless method. This could be done through using Bluetooth which seamlessly transfers your data from one device to another without the need of any physical wire connection. Although this method is good enough to transfer your data from one device to another, it requires a lot of time to transfer a large amount of data from one device to another. Therefore it was need of time to develop some of the new technology which could transfer data seamlessly from one device to another in a short span of time and without changing the configuration or compressing the file.
Wi-Fi can also be used to transfer data from one device to another. Almost everyone around the world used any application based on Wi-Fi transferring data to share data from one device to another in a short span of time. One such application to share data from one device to another without incorporating any physical wired connection in a very short span of time seamlessly using Shareit.
Shareit is one of the most trusted applications which is developed by Lenovo and is used to share all type of multimedia from one device to other without any physical connection of wire seamlessly. Shareit could be used to share files on each and every platform which include a smartphone, tablet, PCs, MacBook, etc. it is also supported by all of the platforms and operating system like Android, iOS, Windows, Mac, BlackBerry, etc. This article basically focus on how you can share your data from all your devices like smartphone, tablets to your PC by using shareit without any physical connection of wire, with the help of Wi-Fi connection.so don't worry if you do not have any USB type cable to transfer data from one device to other because sharing data by using shareit platform is one of the easiest tasks you can do. And yes absolutely this application is free of cost and could be downloaded from all leading app stores.
You can use shareit to transfer your files like movies, images, songs and documents from one device to another without any physical wired connection or without using your internet data. Also, this method is super fast as compared to Bluetooth sharing capacity.
Shareit app is absolutely free of costing and can be downloaded from its official website for windows. Its downloading size is about 5 MB and supported devices are windows, windows phone, Android, iOS. It can transfer data with the speed of up to 10 MBPS.
Requirements to Download Shareit for PC
To download shareit go to its official website shareit lenovo.com and then click free download tab. In this, you will find an option for download for windows. Once you download this APK open the file and agree to Lenovo licensing agreement. Once you agree with all these conditions, you would be able to use shareit easily. Some of the requirement of laptop computers or the PC is as follows.
 - Your PC should have at least 512 MB of RAM.
 - It should have 50 MB of free space.
 - The processor of a PC should be higher than Intel platinum 4.
Some of the best features of the shareit app
 1. It is really very quick, you can actually have real-time sharing of your data between devices.
 2. You can also scan QR code with your phone to easily get connected to different devices and start sharing.
 3. Whether the file is big or small you can easily share it.
 4. No need to use any type of wired connection.
 5. Do not use your mobile data or Wi-Fi charges.
 6. You can also play content from your PC on your mobile device directly.
 7. The feature to remotely control your PC is also available.
 8. You can also control your PowerPoint presentation with shareit app directly.
Using the shareit app is very easy due to its clean and simple user interface.
Steps to Download Shareit on PC
Follow the steps as mentioned below to install the shareit software in PC
 1. First Download EXE File.
 2. The downloaded file is supported for all the versions of Windows.
 3. Run the downloaded file in PC by clicking on exe file.
 4. Install the file on your PC like any other software.
 5. Now you need to create an account then to start sharing the files through SHAREit.
 6. Done, After the app has been installed on your PC, Open the app and start sharing the files.
How to use Shareit in PC to Transfer Files?
 1. Simply click on start sharing option on your PC or laptop.
 2. Open shareit app on another device that you want to connect to your PC or laptop.
 3. Start scanning different devices available or simply scan the QR code to get connected directly.
 4. Once you see the desired symbol of the device that you want to get connected to, click on it and that's it.
 5. You have established the connection between two different devices and you can now easily start sharing your data from one device to another.
 6. You will notice that even a large amount of data for files could be easily transferred from one device to another within a few minutes
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Topic: Power Supplies (Read 1 time) previous topic - next topic
I've taken note that some power supplies are better for use with Ardunio, than others.
What has been evident to me, is that if you are going to use a voltage converting power supply, just to power the arduino, you need to make sure the power supply can handle it.
What I mean by this, is that you need to make sure the voltage converting power supply has the bare minimum load on it, otherwise it will behave erratically, and cause errors in various types of ways.
All converting power supplies, either switchmode or linear, must have a minimum load on them, which is usually 10% of their rated current. There are some technical reasons for it, but I don't remember them. Something to do with having a load ensures proper voltage regulation and voltage output stability.
As an example, I was powering my arduino project with a 9V 1.5A switchmode power supply from an old portable DVD player. The arduino, current sensor, and LCD were drawing about 75mA. No where near what I should have been putting on the power supply. In this case, it should have been at least 150mA. Sure I could have powered a light or something, but I elected to run the project from the battery that I monitoring the voltage and current statistic from. The LCD screen no longer flickers, measurements are considerably more stable, and also there's proper grounding.
Switchmode power supplies are also inherently noisy, especially the cheap Chinese/Taiwanese ones. The switchmode carrier frequency can range from lower tens of KHz up to single digit MHz. The cheap ones also have poor noise filtering, poor RF shielding, and use cheap parts which will eventually fail sooner than later.
Linear power supplies must be loaded down with the minimum load as well, but they do not generate the RF hash like the crappy SMPS do. However, some of the linear power supplies have little or no output filtering, so you will hear the utility line frequency hum if the power supply is connected to any type of audio device. I my case, its a mobile amateur radio.
You may be able to do some software coding to filter the noise out, but this is case I'd recommend using hardware instead of software for filtering. Less to go wrong, works more reliably, and less code to be run on your arduino.
Lot of generalizations there.
I use these switching supplies rated for 1A & 2A with minimal loading and they hold the voltage just fine.
The times I have out a scope on them they were clean also.
I let my scope tell me what my various linear and switchmode regulators are delivering to my circuits. I've never had trouble using any of the cheap Asian E-bay regulators I've bought, they have always worked well in my projects so far, just don't work them beyond their recommended current/input voltage limits. I've kind of sworn off linear regulators for anything over 100ma or so.
A Manifesto? or a historical document?, The collected gossip or How to pick a bad power supply...
Either answer fits... Unfortunately... Along with lefty I have never found that to be the case.
Sure old transformer devices have those issues... but why would anyone with any sense use one when there are Good Switchers.. and even lLinear Regulator modules to provide Accurate power?
The point is that ALL of us at one time or another have committed that error... Once, from your "Manifesto" it sounds like you had a bad run of luck or you didn't learn the first time.
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object that represents the sender of the item. You no longer must use the PropertyAccessor object to determine the PR_SENT_REPRESENTING_ENTRYID (PidTagSentRepresentingEntryId) property. Instead, you can write code that is similar to the following example.
private string GetSenderSMTPAddress2010(Outlook.MailItem mail)
 {
 string PR_SMTP_ADDRESS =
 @"_URL_
 if (mail == null)
 {
 throw new ArgumentNullException();
 }
 if (mail.SenderEmailType == "EX")
 {
 Outlook.AddressEntry sender =
 mail.Sender;
 if (sender != null)
 {
 // Now there is an AddressEntry that represents the sender.
 if (sender.AddressEntryUserType ==
 Outlook.OlAddressEntryUserType.
 olExchangeUserAddressEntry
 || sender.AddressEntryUserType ==
 Outlook.OlAddressEntryUserType.
 olExchangeRemoteUserAddressEntry)
 {
 // Use the PrimarySMTPAddress property of the
 // ExchangeUser object.
 Outlook.ExchangeUser exchUser =
 sender.GetExchangeUser();
 if (exchUser != null)
 {
 return exchUser.PrimarySmtpAddress;
 }
 else
 {
 return null;
 }
 }
 else
 {
 return sender.PropertyAccessor.GetProperty(
 PR_SMTP_ADDRESS) as string;
 }
 }
 else
 {
 return null;
 }
 }
 else
 {
 return mail.SenderEmailAddress;
 }
 }
PropertyAccessor Improvements
Use the PropertyAccessor object to create, set, get, and delete properties on objects. In Outlook 2007, the PropertyAccessor object imposed limitations on the size of the property that could be retrieved with a GetProperty or GetProperties call. In Outlook 2010, those limitations have been removed.
You can also use the PropertyAccessor object in Outlook 2010 to manipulate attachments without writing the attachment to disk by using the SaveAsFile method on the Attachment object. The following code example uses the PropertyAccessor object to retrieve a byte array from the Attachment object, change the byte array from A to B in memory, and then set the Attachment object to the changed byte array. To persist changes, call the Save method on the item.
 private void DemoAttachmentStream()
 {
 const string PR_ATTACH_DATA_BIN =
 "_URL_
 // Create a mail item.
 Outlook.MailItem mail =
 Application.CreateItem(Outlook.OlItemType.olMailItem)
 as Outlook.MailItem;
 mail.Subject = "Demo Attachment Stream";
 // Create the c:\demo folder if it does not exist.
 if(!Directory.Exists(@"c:\demo"))
 {
 Directory.CreateDirectory(@"c:\demo");
 }
 // Write to the attach.txt file.
 StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(@"c:\demo\attach.txt");
 char charA = 'A';
 string myString = new string(charA ,4096);
 sw.WriteLine(myString);
 sw.Close();
 // Add attach.txt as an attachment.
 Outlook.Attachment attach =
 mail.Attachments.Add(@"c:\demo\attach.txt",
 Outlook.OlAttachmentType.olByValue,
 Type.Missing,
 Type.Missing);
 // Save the item.
 mail.Save();
 // Use PropertyAccessor to retrieve attachment byte stream.
 byte[] attachStream =
 attach.PropertyAccessor.GetProperty(
 PR_ATTACH_DATA_BIN) as byte[];
 // Iterate the stream and change "A" to "B".
 for (int i = 0; i < attachStream.Length; i++)
 {
 attachStream[i] = 0x42; //Hex for "B"
 }
 // Set PR_ATTACH_DATA_BIN to attachStream.
 attach.PropertyAccessor.SetProperty(PR_ATTACH_DATA_BIN,
 attachStream);
 // Save the item again.
 mail.Save();
 }
Accessing Rich Text Formats (RTF)
Outlook supports access to rich formatting for the body of an item through the WordEditor property of the Inspector object. WordEditor represents the Word.Document object in the Microsoft Word object model. Inspector.WordEditor works well in cases where an Outlook item is displayed in an inspector. For cases where the inspector window is not displayed, Outlook 2010 introduces the RTFBody property on an item object such as MailItem, AppointmentItem, and so on. RTFBody is exposed on all item types except for NoteItem and JournalItem. RTFBody is a read/write property, and you can set or get a byte array that represents the RTF stream for the item. Depending on your development environment, you must convert the byte array returned by RTFBody to a string, modify the string that contains the RTF, if necessary, convert the string to a byte array, and then set the RTFBody to the modified byte array.
The following code example writes the RTF for the first item in the Selection object for the active explorer window to the Debug trace listeners window in Visual Studio. The code obtains the byte array from the mail object, and then uses System.Text.AsciiEncoding to convert the byte array to a string.
private void GetRTFBodyForMail()
{
 Outlook.Selection selection =
 Application.ActiveExplorer().Selection;
 if(selection.Count >= 1)
 {
 if (selection[1] is Outlook.MailItem)
 {
 Outlook.MailItem mail =
 selection[1] as Outlook.MailItem;
 byte[] byteArray = mail.RTFBody as byte[];
 System.Text.Encoding encoding =
 new System.Text.ASCIIEncoding();
 string RTF = encoding.GetString(byteArray);
 Debug.WriteLine(RTF);
 }
 }
}
Obtaining Items That Are Displayed in a View
With Outlook 2010, you can obtain items that are displayed in a view by calling the GetTable method on the TableView object. GetTable returns a Table object, but you cannot specify parameters to the method the way that you can with Folder.GetTable. Use GetTable when the view contains a restriction that causes the items in the view to differ from the items in the folder, or when an Instant Search query returns items from multiple folders or stores. The following code example retrieves a Table object from the current view in the Inbox. Note that the Inbox must be the current folder for the TableView.GetTable call to succeed. If you call TableView.GetTable on a folder that is not the current folder in a visible explorer window, Outlook raises an error.
private void DemoViewGetTable()
 {
 // Obtain the Inbox folder.
 Outlook.Folder inbox =
 Application.Session.GetDefaultFolder(
 Outlook.OlDefaultFolders.olFolderInbox)
 as Outlook.Folder;
 // Set ActiveExplorer.CurrentFolder to Inbox.
 // Inbox must be the current folder
 // for View.GetTable to work correctly.
 Application.ActiveExplorer().CurrentFolder = inbox;
 // Ensure that the current view is TableView.
 if (inbox.CurrentView.ViewType ==
 Outlook.OlViewType.olTableView)
 {
 Outlook.TableView view =
 inbox.CurrentView as Outlook.TableView;
 // No arguments are needed for View.GetTable.
 Outlook.Table table = view.GetTable();
 Debug.WriteLine("View Count="
 + table.GetRowCount().ToString());
 while (!table.EndOfTable)
 {
 // First row in Table.
 Outlook.Row nextRow = table.GetNextRow();
 Debug.WriteLine(nextRow["Subject"]
 + " Modified: "
 + nextRow["LastModificationTime"]);
 }
 }
 }
Selection Object Enhancements
The Selection object has been enhanced with a Location property that informs the developer about the UI area for the selection. The Location property is read-only and returns a value in the OlSelectionLocation enumeration. In earlier versions of Outlook, the Selection object contained only items selected in the view list. In Outlook 2010, Selection.Location can return any one of the following OlSelectionLocation values.
Table 4. OlSelectionLocation return values
Value
Description
olViewList
Selected items in the view list.
olToDoBarTaskList
Selected items in the To-Do Bar task list.
olToDoBarAppointmentList
Selected items in the To-Do Bar appointment list.
olDailyTaskList
Selected items in the daily task list in a calendar view.
olAttachmentWell
Selected attachments that are in the attachment strip in an Outlook explorer Reading Pane, or the attachment strip in an Outlook inspector.
When the selection changes, the SelectionChange event occurs for all the selection locations that are listed


Understanding Brake Judder
Brake judder can be felt as a vibration. It is a sensation that can be felt through the steering wheel, your brake pedal and potentially through your seat. Depending on the severity of the judder, you may even feel the car shake. Brake judder can often be an uncomfortable, frustrating and disconcerting experience which may result in the driver reducing their braking pressure to reduce their discomfort, increasing stopping distances as a result.
Drivers and mechanics often jump to one conclusion; that the brake discs are no good and have 'warped'. To fully understand brake judder and diagnose the causes we need to break it down into immediate brake judder or brake judder that has developed over time.
Brake judder symptoms and its causes
If you fit a new set of brake discs to a vehicle and brake judder is immediately felt, the conclusion maybe that discs have been manufactured incorrectly. However, all Apec brake discs are tested before leaving the factory to ensure that this scenario does not occur. Immediate brake judder can only be as a result of a mechanical issue that has not been diagnosed, e.g:
 - A severely worn or damaged hub, hub flange and/or wheel bearing.
 - Severely worn or loose steering and suspension components.
 - Loose wheel bolts.
 - Incorrectly seated wheel/discs.
 - Damaged tyres.
 - Buckled rims.
 - ABS fault.
 - Loose brake components (i.e: carrier).
The list is not exhaustive, however common sense should prevail. If these underlying issues are not resolved, then the issue will remain and potentially lead to catastrophic mechanical failure.
Most frequently, brake judder is not felt immediately and will develop over time. The assumption is that the brake discs are poorly manufactured and are unable to withstand the heat from braking and have warped. However due to modern manufacturing processes and materials used, it is extremely rare for any brake disc to warp. For warping to happen you will need a combination of extreme conditions – eg glowing hot discs and then driving through standing water, or excessive overheating and insufficient cooling.
The true causes of brake judder are far more complicated than the disc warping. The brake disc developing DTV (Disc Thickness Variation) over time, is the most common cause of judder.
DTV – What is it?
Disc Thickness Variation is when the disc has worn unevenly, causing the two friction surfaces of the disc to no longer be parallel with each other (see Figure 1). This is often confused with disc warping. Warping is defined as distortion, where the disc is a uniform thickness in width as shown in Figure 2. There is often little diagnosis that is carried out to solve the issue of brake judder, apart from test driving the vehicle. As soon as judder is experienced, which is blamed on the disc warping, the brake discs are removed and replaced with a new set, curing the issue for the next 2000-5000 miles only for the juddering to return. Disc Thickness Variation is a condition that develops over time, but what causes it?
The primary cause of DTV is uneven material transfer.
What is material transfer?
During the bedding in process, and subsequent braking applications, a microscopic layer of brake pad friction material must transfer evenly from the pad to the surface of the brake disc. This is known as the adherent friction process (please see "material transfer" article). Anything that will affect this process – eg mechanical, or braking style (especially during the initial bedding in period) will result in uneven material transfer, which starts the process of DTV.
Due to uneven friction material transferring across the surface of the disc, this will lead to high-spots. The high spots will heat excessively in comparison to the rest of the disc. If the temperature at these high-spots exceeds 650 deg. C, cast iron changes structurally, transforming into a harder substance called Cementite. As the disc is now composed of varying materials of different hardness, the two materials will wear at a different rate. The important point to note is that this will not immediately induce brake judder but has provided the foundations for a vibration that will eventually lead to irreparable damage to the braking disc, although this may not occur for over 2000-5000 driven miles. This explains why customers often return with their vehicles complaining of brake judder months after the discs were originally installed.
With DTV the disc surface will not have warped, but if measured with a micrometer at (at least) 8 equal points around the brake disc, there will be a variation of thickness. A disc thickness variation greater than the manufacturer's tolerance will result in the symptom of 'brake judder' caused by the brake pads pulsating over the uneven surface. This in turn causes the pistons to kick back over every high spot causing the pedal to pulsate replicating brake judder symptoms. If the manufacturer's data is unavailable, please refer to the below guide.
The precise threshold varies from model to model, dependent upon the general compliance built into the vehicle's braking, suspension and steering systems.
To ensure that the new brake discs that you are fitting do not already have DTV all Apec brake discs are tested before leaving the factory and will have a disc thickness variation of <13µm (<0.013mm).
Skimming the discs will temporarily remove the high spots and judder, however the hard spots of cementite will remain under the surface and the high spots and judder will return after several thousand miles.
As detailed above, a major cause of brake judder is uneven material transfer, leading to Disc Thickness Variation (DTV). The single biggest cause of uneven material transfer is lateral run-out.
Lateral runout
Lateral runout is when the disc is not parallel to the hub surface and therefore deviating from its true axis (see Figure 3).
What causes lateral runout?
 - Not following best practice.
 - Insufficient cleaning of the hub surface (even minuscule particles of rust or debris caught between the disc face and hub can lead to excessive lateral runout).
 - Corrosion build up after the new discs have been fitted. (Using copper grease on the hub surface? not replacing a missing disc location screw).
 - A worn or damaged hub, hub flange and/or wheel bearing.
 - Worn steering and suspension components.
 - Over torqueing of the disc location screw.
 - Over torqueing of the wheel bolt.
 - Low quality refurbished alloy wheels (uneven paint thickness).
 - This list in not exhaustive (further information on lateral runout can be found in our "lateral runout" article).
Other causes of uneven material transfer…
 - Not following best practice
 - The brake pads rubbing on the disc while not braking due to a sticking pad, slider bolt or caliper.
 - The brake pads not contacting the disc evenly when braking due to a sticking pad, slider bolt or caliper.
 - Failure to adhere to the correct bedding in process.
 - Sitting with the brake applied for long periods of time while stationary. (Pad etching).
 - Severe over heating of the discs.
Please see material transfer article for further information.
What else can cause judder?
Static spots
If a vehicle is parked up for an extended period, especially in an area of high humidity and salt content, such as close to the coast, then this can cause corrosion to build up between the disc and pad causing them to adhere to each other. The brakes can be freed off by softly twitching the vehicle by speedily releasing the clutch. The corrosion leads to the formation of static spots which causes severe judder under braking. Should the corrosion be so severe it will also cause damage to the brake pads. Dependent on the level of corrosion on the brake disc there will be judder temporarily while the corrosion is present on the surface of the disc. Should this judder continue, the resolution to cure the judder would be to replace the brake discs.
Brake disc below the minimum thickness
A brake disc is subjected to compressive and centrifugal force, which creates a force of traction. Compressive strength of the disc is the capacity of the disc to withstand clamp load from the brake pads. The compressive strength of a worn disc decreases as it wears. If it exceeds the material's resilient limit, deformation begins as soon as the disc cools down leading to cracks appearing or warping. Therefore it is crucial to replace the brake discs when the braking surface thickness is less than the minimum thickness engraved on the outer disc diameter.
Now that you have a better understanding of the root causes of most cases of brake judder, we can move on and explain the best practices that always need to be adhered to and other preventative steps to eliminate it.
TECHMATE is here to make your life easier
When you need to know more about braking with Apec, ask TECHMATE. Call 01174 288090 or email _EMAIL_


text:
Cells grown in culture are often used to investigate the role of organelles. As culture conditions can be easily manipulated, cells can be subjected to different chemicals and their responses studied and analyzed. In one such experiment, mouse cells were incubated in the presence of high concentrations of sucrose. The cells were examined under the microscope. Crystals of sucrose were found in the lysosomes of all the cells. When sucrose was depleted from the culture medium, the sucrose crystals in the lysosomes persisted for many days, but did not affect the growth of the cells. Eventually, the sucrose crystals disappeared. The rate of disappearance is shown in the graph below (note: all graphs are the same scale).
Researchers performed two additional experiments:
Immediately after sucrose was removed from the culture medium, the enzyme invertase was added. Invertase catalyzes the cleavage of sucrose into monosaccharides. The cells were then examined for the presence of sucrose crystals. The results are shown below.
Mouse cells grown in the presence of invertase (cell type A) were mixed with cells grown in the presence of sucrose (cell type B). A reagent that fuses cells was also added to the culture. After fusion, the cells (cell type AB) were grown in the absence of sucrose. The cells were then examined for the presence of sucrose crystals. The results are shown below.
Another sugar, mannose, was added to mouse cells, and mannose crystals formed inside lysosomes. Similar to sucrose crystals, the mannose crystals disappeared in a few days after the sugar was removed from the medium. If invertase were added to the culture immediately after mannose was removed, what would you predict would happen?
|A||The mannose crystals would disappear in less than two days.|
|B||The mannose crystals would disappear within a few days.|
|C||Sucrose crystals would form.|
|D||Mannose crystals would appear in the cytoplasm.|
Recall that enzymes are specific for their substrates. Invertase would probably not catalyze the break down of mannose. Therefore, even in the presence of invertase, the mannose crystals would take several days to be eliminated from the cells.


Ineffective Frankia endophytes were retrieved from various wet soils by using Alnus glutinosa clones as trapping plants. No pure cultures could be isolated from these ineffective nodules. Therefore, the phylogenetic position of these endophytes was determined by sequence analysis of cloned PCR products of bacterial 16S rDNA, derived from nodules. The results showed that all nodule endophytes belong to a hitherto undescribed cluster of the Fuankia phylogenetic tree. The position of these uncultured ineffective Frankia nodule endophytes is different from that of the ineffective Fuankia isolates derived from A. glutinosa nodules, even when originating from the same geographical location. This suggests a bias in current isolation techniques. [KEYWORDS: ineffective Frankia; Alnus; 16S rDNA; phylogeny 16s ribosomal-rna; oligonucleotide probes; datisca-cannabina; genetic diversity; genus frankia; strain type; database]
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)971-981
JournalMolecular Ecology
Issue number10
StatePublished - 1997
ID: 127665


text:
THE ESTABLISHMENT AND GROWTH OF YOUNG MANGO TREES IN ON-FARM HILLSIDE TRIALS IN TRINIDAD, W.I.
On-farm hillside trials using mango have been established with five farmers on degraded land in the Maracas/St. Joseph Watershed in Trinidad to encourage them to adopt tree-crop based production systems for greater sustainability. Young trees of 'Graham' and 'Starch' cultivars were planted from September, 1997 on plots of 22 to 30° slope, at spacings of 8.3 or 16.3 m × 8.3 m in pure stands or intercropped with Spondias dulcis and short-term crops. Tree survival ranged from 81 to 100%. All plots were attacked by Atta sp. and nutritional deficiencies appeared on two farms. Plant height, canopy depth, canopy width, stem girth and leaf area were initially low, but by 16 to 18 months after establishment, the trees had attained good growth. Differences among farms and between cultivars for most parameters were not significant by February 1999, due apparently to better tree care in mixed crop systems with full-time attention. Trees on the lower portion of some slopes performed better than those on the upper portion. Greater support for the farmers with low-cost nutrient and pest control inputs is recommended.
Roberts-Nkrumah, Laura B. (2000). THE ESTABLISHMENT AND GROWTH OF YOUNG MANGO TREES IN ON-FARM HILLSIDE TRIALS IN TRINIDAD, W.I.. Acta Hortic. 509, 705-712
canopy depth, canopy width, crop management, leaf area, pests, plant height, stem girth, survival, mango


text:
Chemoenzymatic synthesis of Y-shaped diblock copolymer
ABSTRACT Y-shaped diblock copolymer polycaprolactone-block-(polystyrene)2 [PCL-b-(PSt)2] was synthesized successfully by the combination of enzymatic ring-opening polymerization (eROP) and atom transfer radical
polymerization (ATRP). CH3O-terminated PCL was synthesized firstly by eROP of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) in the presence of biocatalyst Novozyme 435 and
initiator CH3OH, subsequently the resulting PCL was converted to macroinitiator by the esterification of it with 2,2-dichloro acetyl chloride
(DCAC). PCL-b-(PSt)2 diblock copolymers were synthesized in an ATRP of the styrene with CuCl/2,2′-bipyridine as the catalyst system. The kinetic
analysis of ATRP indicated a controlled/'living' radical polymerization. The structure and composition of obtained polymers
were characterized with NMR, GPC and FTIR. The thermal behavior was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).


text:
In the teaching degree program, the Educational Psychology group is involved in three mandatory modules:
- Module LernSoz: "Learning and Instruction" AND "Social Psychology (School and Family)" (06-Psy-LernSoz)
- Module EntAu: "Developmental Psychology (Childhood and Adolescence)" AND "Learning Disabilities and Behavioral Disorders (Children and Adolescents)" (06-Psy-EntAu)
- Module DiffDia: "Psychology of Individual Differences and Personality in School Context" AND "Assessment and Evaluation in Educational Psychology" (06-Psy-DiffDia)
The modules each consist of two courses (4 hours per week per semester). Sudents can choose between attending a lecture or a seminar (exception: DiffDia - virtual module).
In addition to the mandatory modules, the Educational Psychology group offers courses in the so-called "Freier Bereich (general as well as subject-specific electives)" of the teaching degree program and in the module "Education in secondary-modern school [Mittelschule]" (for an overview, see here).


text:
To accompany our July 2021 cover story, on the marvels of Uranus and Neptune, illustrator Sam Chivers spotlighted the maverick astronomers who have studied the two unsung planets.
"I wanted to make an image that drew together the people throughout history who have studied Uranus and Neptune, creating an atemporal space where contemporary science meets historical figures, such as William Herschel, who first discovered Uranus in the 18th century," Chivers says.
Chivers' image grabs us right away. "By angling everything upward, I wanted to convey a sense of immediacy and drama," the illustrator says. "By placing the planets in close proximity to those studying them, almost as if they could reach out and touch them, I wanted to dramatize how science enables us to explore new worlds."
Over the years Sam Chivers has progressively developed a highly versatile style that fuses a back end of hand drawn elements with 3D generated elements wrapped together in a style that is both warm and engaging.


text:
Problem: Overloading Of Wood-I Joists At Cantilevers
Wood-I joists have limited capacity over bearing walls.
When wood-I joists are cantilevered and carry roof loads, there is considerable stress over the bearing wall or beam. The wood-panel webs can become overstressed and fail under severe loading. The high concentrated loads at the bearing support are more than the wood-I joists can handle.
Add web stiffeners:
- For some loading situations, refer to manufacturer's recommendations, cantilevered wood-I joists need web stiffeners installed over the support wall. This strengthens the joists at the location where stresses are the highest. Web stiffeners are pieces of blocking, usually plywood or sawn lumber that are attached to each side of the web between the top and bottom flanges. A ± 1/4″ (6 mm) gap is left between the blocking and the top flange as shown in Figure 20.
Figure 20 - Floor Joist Web Stiffeners
- Fasten the web stiffeners securely to the web to ensure that the stiffeners and the web act as one unit. This effectively increases the capacity of the web and thus of the structural member over the support, allowing it to carry high loads.
- The type and length of fasteners that are required will vary from one manufacturer to another. Always check the manufacturer's requirements, as the fasteners are critical in getting the web stiffeners and the web to act as one unit.
- When supporting roof loads, it may be necessary to install reinforcement to the sides of the wood-I joists as per the design requirements. Reinforcement is normally made from sheathing cut to the full depth of the joist and fastened to both the top and bottom flanges. This reinforcement is generally three times the length of the cantilever and extends from the outside of the cantilever into the house. It may be required on one or both sides of the joist.
- Another option for reinforcement is to add another section of wood-I joist to the side of the cantilevered joists. The length of the added section is usually three times the length of the cantilever. A filler block is installed between the two webs, and the two sections are fastened securely through the webs and filler block as shown in Figure 21a and 21b.
Figure 21a - Reinforced Cantilevered Wood-I Joists - Filler Blocks
Figure 21b - Reinforced Cantilevered Wood-I Joists - Blocking Panels - Sheathing Support
- Reinforcement sheathing or joists must be installed when the floor is being framed so that loads imposed by walls, upper floors and roofs can be handled properly. Once the load has been applied to a joist, adding reinforcement does not necessarily do the job properly. For reinforcement to be useful, it must assume the load at the same time the joist does.


PG Calc Blog
The latest on planned giving from PG Calc.
Click to submit a topic for a PG Calc blog post
Overcoming Objections in Planned Giving
Despite skillful cultivation and nurturing, there are times when a qualified planned gift prospect will decline your request for a gift. You have a number of objectives at that point: 1.) determine the true objection, 2.) identify the source of the objection, and 3.) determine if the prospect is refusing to make any gift at all or if it is just a matter of timing. Explore different gift funding amounts and vehicles or a similar gift vehicle at a different time. Some common objections to a planned gift include: • The proposal presents too many choices and the prospect is paralyzed by its complexity In your efforts to be thorough, you may overwhelm a prospect with too much information. The proposal should communicate the features of a gift, but too many choices can create indecision. Don't offer variations the donor hasn't specifically requested to see. Planned gifts can help achieve multiple objectives; however, the illustration should focus on the objectives the donor has articulated as most important. You'll have the opportunity to refine your proposal in subsequent discussions. • Family members might express concern about the planned gift Whether motivated by a concern about a parent's capacity or concern regarding their own portion of an estate, children are probably the family members most likely to object to a parent making a planned gift. If the donor's estate will be subject to transfer tax, point out that the cost of a charitable gift is pennies on the dollar after factoring in estate and gift taxes. Also, explore creative ways to use wealth replacement insurance in conjunction with a life income plan that can potentially increase the children's inheritance and make a charitable gift at the same time. • Advisors might articulate objections to a planned gift. Advisors are protectors of their clients' wealth and helping them give it away is counter-intuitive. It is common for advisors to neglect their clients' philanthropic objectives. Financial advisors are often paid a percentage of assets under management. If their client makes a gift, there are fewer assets to manage and the advisor makes less money. Sometimes, the solution is for the prospect to communicate the importance of making a gift to the advisors. A charitable trust managed by the donor's advisor may be a more palatable option.


text:
We've traveled through the heartland to examine iconic regional barbecue styles, but the birthplace of this nation's smoky tradition lies in South Carolina. In a marriage of the perfect meat with the perfect cooking process, Spanish explorers and their European pigs traveled here in the 17th century and happened upon the American Indians and their slow cooking method with smoke. Long before the region gained the name it boasts today, people were enjoying tender pork thanks to this merging of cultural traditions.
The barbecue developed in South Carolina is not unlike that of its Northern counterpart — with one key difference. Like North Carolinian barbecue, the smoked meat on the coast (the "Pee Dee" region) uses the whole hog with a spicy, vinegary sauce applied during cooking. And in the western part of the state along the Savannah River, the sauce integrates ketchup while the meat of choice is the moister, fattier shoulder. But travel to the Midlands, and you'll come across Carolina gold: a mustard-based sauce traced to early German settlers in the 18th century. South Carolina is perhaps best known for this contribution to barbecue culture, as no other state has adopted mustard sauces with the same fervor.
Have you tried South Carolina-style barbecue and its famed mustard sauce? What did you think?
Take the tour of America's other iconic barbecue regions: