Citation
3869 total record number 138 records this year
Ethnicity-Specific Differences in Liver Transplant Outcomes Among Adults With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: 20052017 United Network for Organ Sharing/Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network
Bayable, A;Ohabughiro, M;Cheung, R;Wong, R;
Background & aims
Lack of effective medical therapies for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) leads to continued disease progression to end-stage liver disease requiring liver transplantation (LT). Few studies have specifically evaluated whether ethnic disparities in LT outcomes exist among adults awaiting LT. We aimed to evaluate ethnicity-specific differences in LT outcomes among adults with PSC in the US.
Methods
We retrospectively evaluated US adults (aged ≥ 18 years) with PSC without hepatocellular carcinoma listed for LT using the 2005–2017 United Network for Organ Sharing database. Ethnicity-specific differences in overall waitlist survival and probability of receiving LT were evaluated using competing risks regression analyses and adjusted multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Overall survival after LT was evaluated with Kaplan-Meier methods and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.
Results
Among 4046 patients with PSC listed for LT (69.2% men, 82.2% non-Hispanic white, 12.4% African American, 3.9% Hispanic, 1.6% Asian), significantly higher risk of waitlist death was men vs. women (Standardized hazard ratio (SHR) = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.05–2.12, P = 0.025), but no ethnicity-specific differences were observed. Compared with non-Hispanic whites, Hispanics had significantly lower probability of receiving LT (SHR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54–0.98, P = 0.035). Among patients with PSC and end-stage liver disease who underwent LT, African Americans had significantly higher risk of post-LT death compared with non-Hispanic whites (SHR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.21–2.32, P = 0.002).
Conclusions
Among a large cohort of US adults with PSC awaiting LT, significant ethnicity-specific disparities in LT outcomes were observed. Lower probability of LT in Hispanics and significantly higher risk of post-LT death in African Americans were observed.


text:
A 12 inch long string with a 0.5 mm diameter and is composed of a 10GPa modulus
material is fixed at one end and loaded by a 100 g mass at its other end. What is the length
of the string when it is under load? (Note that the length is necessarily greater than 12
LInitial = 12 in =.305 m
A = ∏r2 = ∏(.00025)2 = 1.96 * 10-7 m^2
E = 10 N/m2
F=.1 * 9.8 =.98 N
The Attempt at a Solution
Basically I'm just not sure which length to use for finding the spring constant k, the final or initial length?
So should be solving something like this for final length?

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Running near the Panama Canal from the Atlantic Ocean to Pacific Ocean is believed to be the fastest possible route to cross any continent on foot (The Suez Canal in Africa is over twice as long). The Trans-Continent FKT may follow any route across Panama as long as you start at one ocean and finish at the other. The only "rule" is that you must start/finish at a point that is clearly the sea/ocean and not an inlet body of water such as the Bahia las Minas (Bay of the Mines). It is not possible to follow the Panama Canal exactly but several road routes roughly parallel the canal miles to the east. Most routes will be between 45-50 miles and start/end in Panama City and Colon'.
There are no known speed attempts for crossing the country/continent but there is interesting history behind the crossing of Panama. The Panama Canal saved ships 8,000 miles of travel once it was completed and in 1928 Richard Halliburton swam the length of the canal. The Spanish conquistadors used a trade route they called "Camino Real" further east to trek stolen gold and goods to their ships. The US Army Ranger's previously had a jungle warfare school here and as part of their training the rangers would trek from Fort Sherman (Caribbean Sea) to Miraflores in Panama City (Pacific Ocean) in 2-3 days. There is no direct trail and any FKT attempt to complete the trans-continent in a day or less would require using mostly or all roads. It's up the runner to determine that safest possible route concerning local traffic and expressways.
Josh Sanders spent a few weeks researching and studying potential routes and the history so the route description should be very accurate. Help was provided by the US embassy.


text:
See Urban Emo
. Defined as an individual who posesses all of the positive qualities of an emo with urban flair. Emobans are different from emos in several ways:
1. Emobans are well educated, with a fluent intellect, an appreciaition of various music styles, and a propensity for various mediums of art and art appreciation.
2. Emobans are generally more palatable to society's accursed members. They dress fashionably (or set trends), tell devilish morbid jokes, and are the definition of social chameloen, having connections to every thread of the socio-economic spider web.
3. Emobans are very sarcastic, and many times emotionally expressive.
4. Emobans don't nessicarily dye their hair black. Some emobans, in fact, are black. Many emobans, however, do cut their hair eccentricly, often with a razor (a dabbling in razory, as opposed to an obsession), and often covering at least one eye.
5. Emobans are both independent and conscencious individuals, not bound by "groups" or "cliques".
6. Emobans are mostly pessimistic about the fall and/or decay (decay, being perhaps the most intrinsic word to an emoban's dictionary) of (classical) civilization.
7. Emobans aren't obliterate imbeciles.
The "Age of Emoban", if you will, began slightly prior to the 1920s, with the flapper/post-flapper period. It has been mantained throughout the years, and revitilized recently with the introduction/recognition of the emo
and the resurfacing of flapper age style.
Influences of both swing era and emo kid
are apparent. Unlike most "Jenny From the Block" urbies, emobans often wear a considerable amount of makeup (if they are women) and accessorize with ingenius articles, such felt hats and interesting earrings. Much gothic
influence is also demonstrated, through use of Victorian accessries: cameos,lockets, crosses, lace, berets, and black are used often in an emoban female's dress. Men, however, tend to wear considerably less "ice" than their ghetto/pimp male counterparts. In fact, the approach that is often taken is "minimal", consisting of only perhaps an expensive watch and a ring. Shoes are probably the most important accessory, as other apparel may vary in degrees of formality/eccentricity on a given day. Felt hats, belts, argyle socks, and sunglasses are other accessories that may be displayed, though, as previously stated, this deepends on the day the Emoban is currently expressing.


text:
This is the one present wrapping, life-hacking technique you need to learn because it's going to make life so much easier. With christmas on it's way here's how you can wrap a present in six easy steps:
Step 1: First you need to get hold of that present and put it on the paper.
Put it down diagonally so the two corners are touching the edges of the paper.
Step 2: Begin to fold the corners inwards.
Step 3: Apply some tape for good measure.
Step 4: Fold it and flip it over.
Step 5: Keep going, almost there.
Step 6: Finished. Now apply even more tape like an absolute boss.
You are done!.
Images via Buzzfeed


For those in healthcare. By those in healthcare.
Zoeticx leverages crowd funding to introduce TruRecord, medical prescribing software that will address 2.2 million adverse drug reactions in U.S
Zoeticx, the developer of medical software that bridges the gap between medical data and quality patient care, announced a crowd funding campaign for TruRecord, the first subscriber-based, medical prescribing software to leverage advanced DNA testing technology for optimal drug analysis and prevention of adverse drug reactions.
TruRecord improves patient outcomes by reducing the 80,000 annual deaths due to drug adverse reactions, resulting in 289 billion spent annually on malpractice payouts. CDC ranks this as the fourth highest cause of deaths in US. With 30 new medications introduced yearly and 25 percent of patients on multiple medications, the need is growing. The CDC also ranks this as the fourth highest cause of death in the U.S. after heart disease, cancer and strokes.
TruRecord is designed to foster better patient outcomes by helping to prevent the 100,000 deaths yearly from drugs that are prescribed properly and 80,000 deaths from those which are not, resulting in 289 billion spent annually on malpractice payouts.
Breaking through drug analysis limitations
Through an intuitive visualization of drug-to-drug interactions, drug-to-allergy interactions, and drug to DNA metabolization, medical professionals can now create what-if scenarios for drug issues, enabling providers to personalize prescriptions. This capability breaks through providers' drug analysis limitations and the burdensome task of scanning and searching text and tables to identify adverse reaction data which is often complex.
These scenarios can now also be more complete with accurate patient medical information from any facility, including integration from existing hospital EHR's through Zoeticx's Patient-Clarity Platform which connects disparate EHR records and enables medical system interoperability.
Mobile devices, HIPAA compliance
TruRecord client interfaces are supported on mobile and web interfaces, providing precise, personalized medication prescription. TruRecord accesses patient medical records via an on-demand, real time access from EHR and EMR systems. Without data duplication, TruRecord complies with all required secure patient privacy protections outlined by HIPAA.
"We built Zoeticx to help medical systems address interoperability, lower accidental deaths and bridge the gap between medical data and better patient outcomes," said Thanh Tran, CEO, Zoeticx. "Today our goal is the same, but a shift toward an additional focus—adverse drug reactions. We are ushering in an era where we can leverage the fruits of DNA research to bring more precise and accurate prescriptions to those who rely on them. TruRecord takes the guess work out of drug interactions and patients by delivering security, peace of mind and accuracy."
crowd funding, drug to DNA metabolization, drug-to-allergy interactions, drug-to-drug interactions, EHR, EMR, HIPAA Compliance, interoperability, subscriber-based, TruRecord, Zoeticx
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text:
Student Learning Objectives:
- Explain how size, structure, and scale relate to surface features
- Describe the function of compliant surfaces with regard to adhesion
(What happens when a surface of an object is applied to the surface of another object?)
At a Glance for Teachers:
- Mini-Me Activity (optional)
- Visualization and diagramming of surface of gecko foot at various scales
Note: Some questions in the Student Journal are underlined as formative assessment checkpoints for you to check students' understanding of lesson objectives.
Vocabulary: Adhesive, Compliant, Lamella, Seta, Spatula, Surface Terrain, Topography Refer to the end of this Teacher Guide for definitions.
- PowerPoint for Lesson 4
- Student Journals for Lesson 4
- Computer with LCD or overhead projector
- Transparent tape
- Pipe cleaners (for Mini-Me optional activity)
- Measuring tape (for Mini-Me optional activity)
- Modeling clay (for Mini-Me optional activity)
Student Journal Page #
Teacher Background Information and Pedagogy
Slides 1 & 2
Student Journal Page: 4–1
By definition, an adhesive is any material that will be useful in holding two objects together solely by surface contact. For an adhesive to achieve extremely close contact with an object, it must have the properties of a liquid, which makes it capable of coming into intimate contact with the surface. In use, an adhesive must be able to resist any applied force that attempts to break the bond formed between it and the object or surface to which it was applied. In other words, it will need the properties of a solid.
Adapted from Johnston, J. (2003). Pressure sensitive adhesive tapes. Pressure Sensitive Tape Council. Northbrook, Illinois, Page 23.
1. Provide each student with a piece of transparent tape.
"Observe the transparent tape on a smooth surface, like a desk. Place the tape on the surface and "rub" out as many of the bubbles as possible. Use a pen to circle the bubbles on the tape. Place the actual tape onto the journal page 4–1 with the bubbles marked."
Student Journal Page: 4–1
2. Based on student observations and this text, ask students questions similar to these below. Solicit from the students their ideas about the properties of the tape. Draw out the properties of solids and liquids and explanations for what makes the tape work.
"Would you consider the tape stuck to a surface to be an adhesive? Why or why not?"
"Work in your small groups to describe how transparent tape has the properties of both a liquid and a solid."
3. Ask the students the following:
"Recall the activity we did with the shoes. What forces exist between each pair of surfaces?"
"Tape and smooth surface"
"Shoe and floor"
Students might say "adhesive force" for the tape and "gravity" for the shoe.
"Which surface to surface interaction do you think is most similar to a gecko climbing a wall? Explain your answer."
Allow students to explain their response.
4. Note to teacher: For image 4.3, point out that two compliant surfaces would come into even closer contact than one compliant surface with a hard surface.
5. The Gecko Up-Close Activity: A gecko can "stick" or adhere to just about any surface from a single toe. Ask the students to make predictions.
"We are going to be making some close-up observations of the surface of the gecko's foot. Before we take a closer look, predict what you think the surface of the gecko's foot looks like at the nanoscale level." Solicit student predictions without comment.
"Let's take a closer look at the foot of a gecko. Each of the following images takes a progressively closer look at the foot of a gecko."
Student Journal Pages: 4–2 4–3 4–4 4–5
Teacher Background Information: The following description of the anatomy of a gecko's toe is adapted from "The Life of Reptiles Volume I" by Angus Bellairs:
Each toe pad is covered on its under surface by rows of wide scales called lamellae, which overlap each other at their edges. Each lamella is covered by fine projecting hairs or setae about in length. The setae branch and sub-branch several times, the final twigs ending in a pair of minute flattened tips called spatulas. It has been estimated that the total number of setae on all the lemellae of all the toes of the four feet of a gecko is about one million. Each seta carries between and spatulas on its branches.
Optional Hands-On Activity: Use the Mini-Me activity located at the end of this teacher guide (courtesy of the University of Wisconsin, Madison) to provide students with the experience of picturing themselves much smaller than what they are and then sculpting an image that symbolizes their understanding of the invisible world. Once students have built their mini-me, have them proceed to the student journal page 4-2.
6. Working in pairs, students should respond to the journal prompts and visualize what it would be like to shrink down to these scales and interact with the various structures. Tell them to be creative with their drawings, but also to be as accurate as they can when they "enter" this new world. Provide an example of the first sketch on the board. Students may describe the "view" as appearing like hills and valleys. Below is a sample student drawing depicting the centimeter scale from the field test.
Optional: You may want to add some discussion about what makes a good scientific drawing.
7. Use the slides at the end of the PowerPoint of this lesson to illustrate a field test student's for each magnification.
As you introduce the four images on this slide, you may wish to use the following descriptions and explanations:
Image (a): "The toes are lined with deep ridges."
Image (b): "At the next higher magnification, one can see that the surface looks like a rug. These yarn-like projections are called "setae." Each seta is times thinner than a single hair on your head. The very end of each seta is frayed into even tinier projections."
Image (c): "At the next higher magnification, one can see that the tiny projections are actually flattened on the end."
Image (d): "These tiny objects are called "spatulas" because of their shape. Each spatula is about thick. This is the upper limit of the range of what is considered nanoscale science. Nanoscale science is the study of objects in the range of."
"It has been estimated that a gecko has a total of about one million setae on all its feet."
7. Ask the students:
"What is the significance that each seta contains between and spatulas?"
Students should conclude that with one million setae, each with spatula, there is a lot of potential for surface contact between the surface and the gecko.
"As the scale decreased, what did you find out about the structure of the gecko's toe?"
As the scale decreased, more and smaller structures became evident in the images.
8. As a culminating discussion, ask students to respond to the questions in "Making Connections."
"Let's review briefly your understanding."
1. "Describe one or two ideas that you learned during this lesson."
2. "Which range do gecko setae fit into?"
3. "Which force would make best use of these many points of contact?"
4. "How might the gecko's foot structure help the gecko climb a wall or ceiling?"
Make sure to talk with the students about the structure of the gecko's foot being compliant with a surface.
9. The end of each lesson contains this flow chart that provides an opportunity to show students the "big picture" and where they are in the lesson sequence. The following color code is used:
Yellow: Past Lessons
Blue: Current Lesson
Green: Next Lesson
White: Future Lessons
Appendix: NanoLeap Physical Science Vocabulary
Something that tends to remain in association or attachment
- Soft and able to conform to the surface of another object
- Yielding to physical pressure
Lamella (Lamellae plural)
Each gecko toe pad is covered on its under surface by rows of wide scales
Seta (Setae plural)
Each gecko lamella is covered by fine projecting hairs or setae about in length
Spatula (Spatulas plural)
The setae branch and sub-branch several times; the final twigs end in a pair of minute flattened tips called spatulas
The physical features of a surface, usually referring to the topography
- The physical or natural features of an object and their structural relationships
- The depths and rises on a surface
To understand the concept of scale
To relate to changes in scale
To learn how to accurately measure length and height
If the properties of matter are to be truly understood scientists need to be able to change their perspective to understand scale and size. How do we begin to understand a scale we cannot see, a scale that is characterized by less than one hundred millionth of a meter? First we must be able to see ourselves on a very small scale. We must be able to picture ourselves much smaller than what we are and sculpt an image that symbolizes our understanding of the invisible world. Imagine yourself of your size, for example if your height is your new size would be. You will now sculpt a miniature of yourself from clay making sure to keep your height, and the length of your arms and lengths to their normal size. You have moved from the meter scale to the centimeter


text:
Queen Margrethe II of Denmark visited Iceland on the 1st of December, to mark the 100th anniversary of Iceland's Independence from the Kingdom of Denmark. Until 1944, Iceland remained in a Federation with Denmark as 'the Kingdom of Iceland' (the Queen received the Icelandic name of Þórhildur when she was born in 1940), when it declared itself a Republic. The Danish Royal Family hosted the President and First Lady last year and attended a Concert to mark the Centenary in October.
After arriving in Reykjavík, the Queen Margrethe visited the Harpa Opera House, where she was received by Iceland's President Guðni Th. Jóhannesson and First Lady Eliza Jean Reid, and was shown an exhibition by designer Hörður Lárusson about the history of the creation of the Icelandic flag, before attending a Luncheon. Afterwards, the Queen and Presidential Couple moved on to the Government building at Lækjargata, where the Danish-Icelandic Act of Union was proclaimed on the 1st of December, 1918. The Queen then visited Iceland's National Gallery, Listasafn Íslands, to see the 'Blossoming' exhibition, and the Vigdís Finnbogadóttir Institute of Foreign Languages, a research centre at the University of Iceland.
In the evening, Queen Margrethe attended a Dinner hosted by President Guðni Th. Jóhannesson and First Lady Eliza Jean Reid at Bessastaðir, the President's residence, at which the Queen gave a speech, which was followed by a Gala Performance at the Harpa Opera House.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


What is Lead
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EPOCH is accredited with the US National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) for bulk asbestos sample analysis under NVLAP Code 200746-0
EPOCH is accredited with the Canadian Association for Laboratory Accreditation Inc. (CALA) for airborne fiber analysis (Membership No. 3533).
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5. How do I submit a sample to test for lead content?
6. What amount of lead is considered safe?
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Bulk Sample Asbestos Identification using EPA600/R93/116
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text: Yawed flow conditions introduce unsteady loads in a wind turbine that affect generated power quality and fatigue life. An unsteady phenomenon of special concern is dynamic stall, due to the significant load fluctuations associated with it. Although the assumptions underlying blade element momentum (BEM) models are totally inadequate in yawed flow conditions, these models, modified with engineering models, are still widely used in industry. It is therefore relevant to assess the capabilities of BEM models in predicting the location of dynamic stall on the blade for a rotor in yawed flow conditions. A rotor model is placed in an open jet wind tunnel and tested in yawed flow conditions. The locations of dynamic stall on the blade of a rotor model as a function of the blade position are observed. Two experimental techniques are used; tufts glued to the blade and hot-film anemometry in the near wake. The results from the two techniques are compared and possible causes for differences are identified. Furthermore, the rotor model in yaw is modeled with a simple BEM model, utilizing a Gormont dynamic stall model. The regions of dynamic stall on the blades predicted by the BEM model are compared with the experimental results. The BEM model seems capable of a crude prediction of the dynamic stall locations found for the rotor model in yawed flow conditions.


text:
It looks like Daniel Arsham's latest limited edition is set to release on November 26th at noon EST on his webshop. Entitled Sand Circle, the new art object will be produced in a run of 500 and continues the NY-based artist's fascination with lunar imagery.
Arsham further explains – "In the 1960's, during the space race there were different devices developed and created to explore distant galaxies and planets. One was famously a device that utilized sand, water, and air to create landscapes. This piece taps into that world while also focusing on the themes common in my work, specifically time and the logic of erosion and formation. Every time the Sand Circle is turned, the landscape on top is destroyed, yet there is a new view reforming on the bottom. They are eroding away, but simultaneously creating something new. In the Sand Circle, you are also taking part in 'unveiling,' as the sand will cover and uncover these moons within the piece. The moons are based on my studies of exoplanets and my time spent at NASA JPL. The moons are invented. They are unfamiliar yet familiar at the same time."
Discuss Daniel Arsham here.


text:
Tibor Frank. From Habsburg Agent to Victorian Scholar: G.G. Zerffi _PHONE_. Boulder, Co. and Highland Lakes, N.J.: Columbia University Press, 2000. 469 pp. $40.00 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-88033-474-7.
Reviewed by Judith Fai-Podlipnik (Department of History, Southeastern Louisiana University)
Published on HABSBURG (July, 2003)
The Many Faces of a Questionable Man
The Many Faces of a Questionable Man
How can one be a journalist, revolutionary, secret service agent, art historian, historian, theorist on secularism, and lecturer in one lifetime? In this biography, historian Tibor Frank traces the perplexing career choices of George Gustavus Zerffi. Although the work primarily focuses on Zerffi's decisions, occupations, and motivations, readers may also gain insight into other fields of mid nineteenth-century history such as the politics of central and eastern European émigrés, the diplomatic position of certain European nations concerning the émigrés, the Austrian secret service; various publications of the time; and the impact that the 1848 revolutions had throughout Europe for decades. Frank presents the life of one man and intertwines his choices and fate with the conditions in Europe during the nineteenth century, thereby creating a fascinating narrative of a very complex character.
Both the preface and introduction of this book offer the reader an array of questions concerning G.G.Zerffi. This work reads much like a mystery novel, presenting the main characters and an inquiry into the crime. Who was G.G. Zerffi and why would he, who participated as a Hungarian revolutionary as both a journalist and in uniform, betray his country and become a spy for the enemy, the Austrian government? Why did he express hostility for the national revolutionary hero, Lajos Kossuth? Did he ever meet Kossuth? And how was Zerffi able to succeed in acting as a double agent? In the first two chapters of the book, Frank attempts to answer these and other problems and unknowns concerning Zerffi's life.
A method Frank employs throughout his work to clarify any questions about Zerffi is to consider extant works on the subject and either support or refute them with his primary documents. For example, at the beginning of the first chapter, Frank introduces the controversy over Zerffi's heritage. He respectfully recounts Jószef Kiss's research, which concludes that Zerffi was of Jewish lineage and his true family name was Hirsch. Based on his own sources, which includes material from the Hungarian National Archives, the National Lutheran Archives' Register of Surnames, the Allgemeines Verwaltungsarchiv in Vienna and even a letter from Karl Marx to Friedrich Engels, Frank determines that Zerffi was Jewish, however his original surname was probably Cerf and eventually magyarized to Zerffi. Browsing through the bibliography, one cannot help but recognize and respect the amount of research Frank put into this piece. Throughout the work, Frank first refers to contemporary sources and then presents his own research and conclusions, summarizing for the reader the historiography on the subject.
In certain cases, however, the author was unable to locate all documentation on matters about which he draws conclusions. Such are the cases concerning when and why Zerffi joined the Austrian secret service, the reasons behind his departure from Belgrade, why Zerffi expended such great effort to make personal contact with Kossuth, and how he became a well-paid lecturer at the National Art Training School in London. Though the reader may question some of Frank's theories, in presenting them he draws the reader into his careful analysis.
The character of Zerffi and Frank's thought-provoking style draw the reader into this work, at least the first two chapters, reading it word for word. Zerffi from the beginning was a dubious personality. At eighteen he became a journalist, at first espousing liberal tenets and then turning toward conservativism. In 1848, in spite of his harsh words against Kossuth, he joined the revolutionaries as a pamphleteer and then became the editor of a journal, Reform, that supported liberalism and Kossuth. He was also involved politically as a member of the Equality Society, a radically leftist organization. Near the end of the revolution Zerffi even donned a Hungarian uniform, serving more as a detective than a soldier.
Soon thereafter, expelled from his homeland, he entered the Austrian secret service. His job was not only to provide the Habsburg Ministry of the Interior with information about the activities of the Hungarian emigres in the various nations where he lived or traveled, but he also attempted to incite further conflicts within this already factionalized group. He even infiltrated and reported on other revolutionary exile groups, such as the Germans. His methods of espionage involved gaining the trust of certain high political officials within the émigré communities, including Bertalan Szemere and Karl Marx. Zerffi lied to, cheated, and manipulated a multitude of persons, including Marx, as a means of survival or for the prestige and financial profit. During his career as a secret agent, Zerffi sent 2,000 messages to Vienna. Minister of the Interior Alexander Bach and even the Habsburg Emperor considered them extremely valuable, according to Frank. Yet in 1865, in spite of his assumed importance, the Austrians dropped him without even acknowledging his numerous protestations and pleas.
Thereafter, Zerffi's chameleon-like, opportunistic behavior continued. He became a lecturer at the National Art Training School in London and authored a plethora of works, each of which the author explains in detail. Whatever intellectual trend was in fashion, Zerffi jumped on the bandwagon, adjusting his viewes to make his lectures or written works seem original. Zerffi's works mirrored the ideals and works of Hegel, Taine and Gobineau, to name a few of his models. In fact Frank, though appreciative of Zerffi's works as a scholar, acknowledges his lack of originality and at one point even states that "[...] Zerffi was also guilty of plagiarism since he took a number of facts and ideas from these two works" (p. 273). G.G. Zerffi died in 1892 in England. His obituary appeared in several papers, including the Times, which is a point Franks presents in the introduction and conclusion to show the importance in history of this unique man.
Zerffi's unscrupulous actions supply an intriguing story: though Frank stops short of labeling him unscrupulous since he attempts to throw a balanced light upon the person. The author adds further interest through his writing style. Moreover, the background and supplemental information on the history of the times, such as the Russian government's interest in the émigré movements and the framework of the Austrian secret service machine, provide the reader with a more continental vista of the impact of the 1848 revolution and the émigré situation. The author is so meticulous in his work that the reader might become confused by the multiplicity of personalities but for the glossary in the back of the book that provides a brief biography for each person mentioned. In addition, the appendix, which includes summaries of Zerffi's confidential reports, adds further insight into his activities.
There are some imperfections in this work. In some places Frank expresses pity for or excessive praise of Zerffi, for example when the Austrian government disposed of his services as a secret agent or his successes in the scholarly fields. Furthermore, the author seems to give more credit to Zerffi than he is due, as in the degree to which he increased the factionalism among the leading Hungarian émigrés and his effect upon Marx and or the impact of his disenchantment with Kossuth and others.
Nevertheless, this book captivates the reader through its subject matter, its research, and most certainly its writing style and subject matter. It attempts to penetrate the mind of an intriguing personality, G.G. Zerffi, and the dubious choices and many faces he presented during his life. Furthermore, it acquaints the reader with various arenas of mid nineteenth century politics, diplomacy, culture and society. The reviewer, though not fond by any means of Zerffi, was completely absorbed while reading this book.
Copyright (c) 2003 by H-Net, all rights reserved. H-Net permits the redistribution and reprinting of this work for nonprofit, educational purposes, with full and accurate attribution to the author, web location, date of publication, originating list, and H-Net: Humanities & Social Sciences Online. For other uses contact the Reviews editorial staff: _EMAIL_.
If there is additional discussion of this review, you may access it through the list discussion logs at: _URL_
Judith Fai-Podlipnik. Review of Frank, Tibor, From Habsburg Agent to Victorian Scholar: G.G. Zerffi _PHONE_.
HABSBURG, H-Net Reviews.
Copyright © 2003 by H-Net, all rights reserved. H-Net permits the redistribution and reprinting of this work for nonprofit, educational purposes, with full and accurate attribution to the author, web location, date of publication, originating list, and H-Net: Humanities & Social Sciences Online. For any other proposed use, contact the Reviews editorial staff at _EMAIL_.


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Program Information
Runtime Optimization for the Automatic Monte Carlo Dose Computation System MC2
U Titt
U Titt*, A Liu, D Mirkovic, U.T M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
SU-E-T-523 Sunday 3:00PM - 6:00PM Room: Exhibit Hall
Purpose:Optimizing runtime of a user friendly automated Monte Carlo dose computation system for proton treatments using passively scattered and intensity modulated proton therapy plans.
Methods:The MC2 code is a dose computation system based on the Monte Carlo system MCNPX, which is routinely used at the MD Anderson Cancer Center. Besides the successful implementation and use of the code, the efficiency can be optimized to minimize runtime on a cluster of LINUX servers. Based on the 3-dimensional statistical uncertainty values scored during the simulation of several test proton beams in water, we have developed an optimization procedure for the minimal number of source particles required to achieve desired statistical uncertainty inside the target volume for arbitrary patient fields.
Results:First Monte Carlo dose calculations of proton doses in patients were provided in the timeframe of one to several days. Optimization of the initial number of source particles for each proton energy (in IMPT) or range modulator wheel rotation (in PSPT) resulted in significant decrease in computation time.
Conclusion:Current efforts focus on optimization of runtime for patient specific proton plans. Among many aspects, which include variance reduction techniques, such as using increased cell importance inside the CT volume, weight window applications and others, the focus of this effort was the minimization of the number of histories to achieve acceptable statistical uncertainties.
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text:
Heating plate :
This is the main heating element of the rice cooker. It is an aluminum alloy disc with a built-in electric heating tube, and the inner pot is placed on it, which can be seen when the inner pot is taken out.
Temperature limiter :
It is equipped with a permanent magnetic ring and a spring, which can be compressed and is located in the center of the heating plate. When cooking rice, when the cooking switch is pressed, the toggle switch is driven by the suction of the magnet, keeping the power contacts open.
It consists of a spring-loaded sheet, a pair of normally closed contacts, a pair of normally open contacts, and a bimetallic sheet. As the rice cooks, the temperature in the pan will rise. Due to the different rates of thermal expansion and contraction of the two sheets that form the bimetallic strip, the bimetallic strip is bent upwards.
The switch is entirely mechanical and has a normally open contact. When cooking rice, press this switch, the heating tube is energized and the heating indicator light is energized at the same time. When the meal is ready, the thermostat appears and activates the toggle switch to open the contacts. After that, the heating tube is controlled only by the keep warm switch.
Current limiting resistor :
The appearance is mainly golden or white, and the size is like a 3W resistor. It is pressed between the heating tube and the power supply to protect the heating tube. The commonly used current limiting resistor is 185C 5A or 10A (depending on the power of the rice cooker). The current limiting resistor is a key element to protect the heating tube and can be replaced by a wire.


it, such as readtable(), is terribly slow, especially when you have a boatload of Excel files to process. The reason behind it is that xlsread() closes that DCOM handle (which closes the Excel COM session) after it finishes, and restart Excel (DCOM) again when you call xlsread() again to load another spreadsheet file.
That means there's a lot of opening and closing of the Excel application if you process multiple spreadsheets. The better strategy, which is covered extensively in MATLAB's File Exchange (FEX), is to have your program open one Excel handle, and process all the spreadsheets within the same DCOM handle before closing it.
This strategy is quite overwhelming for a beginner, and even if you use FEX entries, you still cannot get around the fact that you have to know there's a handle that manages the Excel session and remember to close it after you are done with it. Nothing beats having xlsread() do it automatically for you.
Starting with R2015b, the Excel DCOM handle called by xlsread() is now persistent: that after you make the first call to xlsread(), Excel.exe will stay in the memory unless you explicitly clear persistent variables or exit MATLAB, so you can reuse them every time xlsread() or xlswrite() is called. Finally!
The code itself is pretty slick. You can find it in 'matlab.io.internal.getExcelInstance()'. Well, I guess it's not hard to come up with it, but I guess in TMW, they must have a heated debate about whether it's a good idea to keep Excel around (taking up resources) when you are done with it. With the computation power required to run R2015b, an extra Excel.exe lying around should be insignificant. Good call!

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MATLAB Techniques: Who's your daddy? Ask dbstack(). Unusual uses of dbstack()
Normally having your function know about its caller (other than through the arguments we pass onto the stack) is usually a very bad idea in program organization, because it introduces unnecessary coupling and hinders visibility.
Nonetheless, debugger is a built-in feature of MATLAB and it provides dbstack() so you have access to your call stack as part of your program. Normally, I couldn't come up with legitimate uses of it outside debugging.
One day, I was trying to write a wrapper function that does the idiom (mentioned in my earlier blog post)
fileparts( mfilename('fullpath') );
because I want the code to be self-documenting. Let's call the function mfilepath(). Turns out it's a difficult problem because mfilename('fullpath') reports the path of the current function executing it. In the case of a wrapper, it's the path of the wrapper function, not its caller that you are hoping to extract its path from.
In other words, if you write a wrapper function, it's the second layer of the stack that you are interested in. So it can be done with dbstack():
function p = mfullpath()
 ST = dbstack('completenames');
 try
 p = ST(2).file;
 catch
 p = '';
 end
Since exception handling is tightly knit into MATLAB (unlike C++, which you pay for the extra overhead), there aren't much performance penalty to use a try…catch() block than if I checked if ST actually have a second layer (i.e. has a non-base caller). I can confidently do that because there is only one way for this ST(2).file access operation to fail: mfullpath() is called from the base workspace.
Speaking of catchy titles, I wonder why Loren Shure, a self-proclaimed lover of puns and the blogger of the Art of MATLAB, haven't exploited the built-in functions 'who' and 'whos' in her April Fools jokes like
whos your daddy
who let the dogs out
Note that these are legitimate MATLAB syntax that won't throw you an exception. Unless you have 'your', 'daddy', 'let', 'the', 'dogs', 'out' as variable names, the above will quietly show nothing. It'd be hilarious if they pass that as an easter egg in the official MATLAB. They already have 'why',
why not
Error using rng (line 125)
First input must be a nonnegative integer seed less than 2^32, 'shuffle', 'default', or generator settings captured previously using S = RNG.
Error in why (line 10)
 dflt = rng(n,'v5uniform');

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MATLAB Quirks: struct with no fields are not empty
As far as struct() is concerned, I'm more inclined to using Struct of Array (SoA) over Array of Structs (AoS), unless all the use cases screams for SoA. Performance and memory overhead are the obvious reasons, but the true motivation for me to use SoA is that I'm thinking in terms of table-oriented programming (which I'll discuss in later posts. See table() objects.): each field of a struct is a column in a table (heterogeneous array).
Since a table() is considered empty (by isempty()) if it has EITHER 0 rows INCLUSIVE OR 0 columns (no fields) and the default constructor creates a 0 \times 0 table, I thought struct() would do the same. NOT TRUE!
First of all, the default constructor of struct() gives ONE struct with NO FIELDS (so it's supposed to correspond to a 1 \times 0 table). What's even harder to remember is that struct2table(struct()) gives a 0 \times 0 table.
The second thing I missed is that a struct() with NO fields is NOT empty. You can have 3 structs with NO fields! So isempty(struct()) is always false!
I usually run into this problem when I want to seed the execution with an empty struct() and have the loop expand the fields if the file has contents in it, and I'll check if the seeded struct was untouched to see if I can read data from the file. Next time I will remember to call struct([]) instead of struct(). What a trap!
At the end of the day, while struct is powerful, but I rarely find AoS necessary to do what I wanted once table() is out. AoS has pretty much the same restrictions as in table() that you cannot put different types in the same field across the AoS, but table allows you to index with variables (struct's field) or rows (struct array index) without changing the data structure (AoS <-> SoA). So unless it's a performance critical piece of the code, I'll stick with tables() for most of my struct() needs.

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MATLAB Techniques: onCleanup() 'destructor'
If your program opens a file, creates a timer(), or whatever resources that needs to be closed when they are no longer needed, before R2008a, you have to put your close resource calls at two places: one at the end of successful execution, the other at the exception handling in try…catch block:
FID = fopen('a.txt')
try
 // ... do something here
 fclose(FID);
catch
 fclose(FID);
end
Not only it's messy that you have to duplicate your code, it's also error prone when you add code in between. If your true intention is to close the resource whenever you exit the current program scope, there's a better way for you: onCleanup() object. The code above can be simplified as:
FID = fopen('a.txt')
obj = onCleanup(@() fclose(FID));
// ... do something with FID here
The way onCleanup() works is that it creates an object which you define what its destructor (delete()) does on creation (by the constructor of course) by specifying a function handle. This way when 'obj' is cleared (either as it goes out of scope or your explicitly cleared it with 'clear'), the destructor in 'obj' will be activated and do the cleanup actions you specified.
Due to copyright reasons, I won't copy the simple code here. Just open onCleanup.m in MATLAB editor and you'll see it that the code (excluding comments) has less words than the description above. Pretty neat!
Normally we use onCleanup() inside a function. The best place to put is is right after you opened


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Inadequate consideration for maintenance during design was recognized some years ago in the Iowa Highway Maintenance Study (1959--1960, HRB Special Report 65). The problem persists to this day and is a contributing cause of increased maintenance work and inconvenience to highway users.
A process is needed for designers to be systematically aware of the maintenance implications of their designs. Designs must be developed and evaluated, recognizing a number of assumptions affecting maintenance operations and requirements. Knowing the implications of these assumptions will permit the documentation of maintenance needs to ensure that maintenance personnel, equipment, materials, and funds will be available when needed.
Designers must also be aware of design details that create maintenance problems and be willing to incorporate improvements to increase the "maintainability" of highway components. There is a need to specifically identify and communicate maintenance problems that can be addressed through better design. This need is gaining importance because of the greatly increased volume of traffic that makes it difficult to close traffic lanes for routine maintenance work. Although it would be desirable to design highway components (such as pavements, bridges, drainage features, and roadside appurtenances) with zero-maintenance requirements, this is not usually possible; therefore, designs should be developed to ensure maintainability at minimum life-cycle costs.
Accordingly, research was undertaken to address three objectives: (1) determine the current practice of incorporating maintenance concerns in the highway design process and identify successful techniques, weaknesses, and needed improvements; (2) recommend a design process that will achieve explicit recognition of the maintenance implications of designs; and (3) list and describe design details that create maintenance problems and suggest improvements to overcome them. These objectives have been accomplished through a research approach that involved a literature search, a survey of practices, interviews in selected state transportation agencies, and a demonstration.
The research results have been published as NCHRP Report 349, "Maintenance Considerations in Highway Design."


text:
Ernst Eduard Kummer (born 29 January 1810, Sorau, Brandenburg; died 14 May 1893 Berlin) was a German mathematician. At first he was a school teacher, teaching in a German high school gymnasium, where he inspired the Leopold Kronecker to become a mathematician. He became professor of mathematics in Breslau and then in Berlin. He is famous for several mathematical discoveries, including his work on number fields. Several mathematical ideas are named after him.
- Eric Temple Bell, Men of Mathematics, Pelican 1953

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Old 02-28-2013, 04:09 PM #49
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As for other differences between typical pistols (including the.22) and more powerful rounds like the.223 you have to understand an important fact about high powered weapons:
What kills you isn't necessarily the hole in your body or the shredding of your insides, it's that parts of your cardiovascular system explode, particularly in the brain. Basically as the round enters your body, it creates a pulse of pressure in your bloodstream, which causes hemorrhaging. You die from massive brain bleeding before the damage from the primary would kills you.
It's called hydrostatic shock.
Hunters know this very well, it's what results in "blood shot" meat near the wound that you have to avoid when harvesting the meat. Bloodshot meat is a more localized effect, but it's the same thing (hemorrhaging caused by induced static hydraulic pressure in the cardiovascular system).
A.22 doesn't produce anywhere near enough energy to cause hydrostatic shock. Typically the minimum is considered to be the energy from a.45ACP, which is about half the energy of a.223/NATO
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text:
Translation of hastily in Spanish:
- 1 (quickly) they hastily cleared away the messarreglaron el desorden a toda prisaExample sentences
- Snatching my hand away from his hastily, I quickly composed myself to stand up.
- In December he had sat stunned at a hastily organised and crowded press conference at Heathrow airport.
- The strength of local feeling was such that they were hastily withdrawn.
- 2 (rashly)(speak/act)
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
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List total colorings of series-parallel graphs
Gyo Shu, Yuki Matsuo, Takao Nishizeki
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
3 Citations (Scopus)
A total coloring of a graph G is a coloring of all elements of G, i.e. vertices and edges, in such a way that no two adjacent or incident elements receive the same color. Let L(x) be a set of colors assigned to each element x of G. Then a list total coloring of G is a total coloring such that each element x receives a color contained in L(x). The list total coloring problem asks whether G has a list total coloring. In this paper, we first show that the list total coloring problem is NP-complete even for series-parallel graphs. We then give a sufficient condition for a series-parallel graph to have a list total coloring, that is, we prove a theorem that any series-parallel graph G has a list total coloring if |L/(v)| ≥ min{5, Δ + 1} for each vertex v and |L(e)| ≥ max{5, d(v) + 1, d(w) + 1} for each edge e = vw, where Δ is the maximum degree of G and d(v) and d(w) are the degrees of the ends v and w of e, respectively. The theorem implies that any series-parallel graph G has a total coloring with Δ + 1 colors if Δ ≥ 4. We finally present a linear-time algorithm to find a list total coloring of a given series-parallel graph G if G satisfies the sufficient condition.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)172-181
Number of pages10
Publication statusPublished - 2003 Dec 1
ASJC Scopus subject areas
 - Computer Science(all)
 - Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
 - Theoretical Computer Science
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devices for Child
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GPS tracking device for pets
We know how important your pet is. The company, protection, and care they offer are invaluable, which is why GPS tracking devices are a way to return to that member of the family, like an exchange for the little thing that it does for you. The Pet GPS tracking device is a system based on GPS tracking device inserted into a collar that will allow kept regularly informed of the location of their pets for a satellite system. How does the GPS tracking device for Pet Works?
The GPS tracking devices for a pet requires no installation. Is required only place the collar on the dog to track, which, once active, interacts with orbiting satellites that record their geographical coordinates in digital maps; data which may consult via the internet when used together with our based on our servers in Spy World Miami software.
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Motorcycle GPS tracking device
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Phone GPS tracking device
Phone GPS tracking device is a service of satellites which uses GPS Tracking (Global Positioning System) to determine the exact geographical location of a place, Person, Vehicle or any other asset including phones. Today, many features have been included to this type of device, and you can display a lot of information from the family and properties. Depending on the features, you can find many types of GPS tracking devices and one of them is the phone's GPS, available for Android and IOS GPS tracking device.
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Using small GPS tracking devices help you to control all the vehicles that concern you. As practice shows, application of vehicle tracking and fuel monitoring system, even in small businesses is profitable in a short space of time. We install systems not only in vehicles but also in monitoring river boats, airplanes and helicopters, and rail transport. Even we settled our manager exotic type of transport such as Segway. We try to fulfill your needs here at Spy World Miami. Some of the characteristics of the standard GPS tracking devices are:
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- ADC sensors.
- Digital sensors.
- GLONASS support.
- Remote management through GPRS channel.
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- With our Auto GPS tracking device in Miami Beach and Coral Gables, you can watch later all the travel history and routes taken with your vehicles.
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- If you have a business near Miami Beach and Coral Gables and you need to send commodities, you can monitor the routes taken by your employees to choose the fastest way and increase productivity.
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A Auto GPS tracking device in Miami Beach and Coral Gables is a very important device that use this navigation system, perfect for security and surveillance and depending on the needs you may find many types of devices and; whether you look for the best surveillance devices to monitor your loved ones and your properties near Miami Beach and Coral Gables, here at Spy World Miami you will find the best products made especially for your needs; each type of GPS tracking device with different features and characteristics like:
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- Panic Button in the case of emergency: Specially designed for the use of your relatives, pressing this button you will receive an alert in real time and also the security authorities, if your relatives are in danger, the button is very useful to notify if she/he is in a dangerous circumstance.
- Establish safe and forbidden zones: You don't want your children to go near to certain places or you want to establish a secure perimeter for your Child while they are driving, this option allows you to establish safe perimeter but also indicate which the areas of high risk are for your child, and she/he should not be there.
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text:
High Cumulative Rainfall can pose serious challenges to businesses. Arbol's parametric coverage for high cumulative rainfall offers a customized solution to shield businesses from revenue losses associated with heavy rainfall.
A coverage trigger can be set based on a business's needs and risk exposure using CPC or PRISM rainfall data. If cumulative rainfall surpasses the threshold during the policy period, the insured automatically becomes eligible for a loss payment, helping to cover costs and maintain profitability despite challenges from excess precipitation.
Grain processors of Des Moines generate revenue when farmers store their products in their grain silos. If farmers have reduced yield due to too much rainfall, the grain processor receives less grain from farmers and incurs costs associated with the reduction in revenue.


and collocation indicators. Each of these are now described. Normalized differences of discriminants are computed as follows. First, classifiers are trained in each channel as described in application Ser. No. 09/602,762, producing two discriminant functions and a threshold value for each indicator of cancer. Within each channel, the true positive (TP) discriminant corresponds to the classifier representing that channel's category and the false positive (FP) discriminant to the non-TP categories. Discriminant scores are equivalent to distances from prototypical examples. For example, if in the calc channel a detection produces a small TP discriminant and a large FP discriminant, the detection is more likely to be a calc than not. Within each channel, the normalized difference is computed by first subtracting the TP from the FP discriminant. Then, the threshold value is subtracted from the difference of discriminants score and the result raised to a power transform value. In the calc and mass channel, the power transform value equals 0.35; in the spiculation channel, the power transform value is 0.25.
Collocation indicators are binary units of evidence. A collocation indicator is set to '1' if a detection in one channel overlaps a detection in another channel.
The specific evidence used in the Bayes networks of each channel is now described.
Calc Bayes Network
In the calc channel, the normalized difference of discriminants and a collocation indicator are input to the Calc Bayes network. The collocation indicator is '1' for calc detections overlapping either a mass or spiculation detection. The topology of the Mass Bayes Network is shown in FIG. 12( a).
Mass Bayes Network
In the mass channel, the normalized difference of discriminants and two collocation indicators are input to the Mass Bayes network. The first collocation indicator is '1' for mass detections overlapping a microcalcification detection. The second collocation indicator is '1' for mass detections overlapping a spiculation detection. The topology of the Mass Bayes Network is shown in FIG. 12( b).
Spiculation Bayes Network
In the spiculation channel, the normalized difference of discriminants and two collocation indicators are input to the Spiculation Bayes network. The first collocation indicator is '1' for spiculation detections overlapping a microcalcification detection. The second collocation indicator is '1' for spiculation detections overlapping a mass detection. The topology of the Spiculation Bayes Network is shown in FIG. 12( c).
Calculating Probabilities
The evidence for each ROI is supplied to the Bayes Network, and the probability of cancer is calculated for each ROI. The probability calculation requires conditional probability distributions or functions to be estimated from a set of training data. That is, the evidence is tabulated for detections of known "cancer" or "not cancer" categories. In a preferred embodiment, let the conditional distributions resulting from training data be as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14. The conditional distributions of the normalized difference of discriminants is assumed to be Gaussian, and therefore specified by mean and variance. FIG. 13 shows the mean and standard variance values for the three channels. The remaining evidence is discrete, and represented in conditional probability tables. FIG. 14 shows the conditional probability tables for the collocation evidence. Collocation is defined as the centroid of the first detection type being located inside the second detection type.
When computing the probability of cancer for a lesion in an input image, the lesion's particular values of evidence are used to obtain conditional probability values from FIGS. 13 and 14. The probabilities of not cancer and cancer (i=0, 1) after evidence is considered, P(Ci|e1, e2, . . . , en), is given by
Pr ( C i | e 1 , e 2 , , e n ) = p ( e 1 | C i ) p ( e 2 | C i ) p ( e n | C i ) Pr ( C i ) j = 0 1 p ( e 1 | C j ) p ( e 2 | C j ) p ( e n | C j ) Pr ( C j ) ( 3 )
where p(ek|Ci) is the conditional probability value of the kth element of evidence given the ith cancer category and is obtained from conditional distribution tables. The calculations will be demonstrated for the calc Bayes network. The mass and spiculation calculations are accomplished in the same fashion.
Example Computations for the Calc Bayes Network
The Calc Bayes Network, 5100, computes the probabilities of "not cancer" and "cancer" given Calc Evidence, 6100. These probabilities are computed as
Pr ( C i | e 1 , e 2 ) = p ( e 1 | C i ) p ( e 2 | C i ) Pr ( C i ) j = 0 1 p ( e 1 | C j ) p ( e 2 | C j ) Pr ( C j ) ( 4 )
where Pr(C0) and Pr(C1) are probabilities of "not cancer" and "cancer", assumed here to both equal 0.5. Assume the evidence for a calc detection are as follows: the calc detection is not collocated with a mass or spiculation detection and the calc classifier produces a discriminant value of 1.75. Thus, the first evidence value is '0', and the conditional probabilities of "not cancer" and "cancer" are taken from Table 14(c) as p(e1=0|C0)=0.0948 and p(e1=0|C1)=0.1662. To obtain p(e2=1.75|C0), use the means and variances for the calc discriminant in Table 13(a). Evaluating the Gaussian probability density function with mean of 1.4661 and variance of 0.2282 at 1.75 gives
p ( e 2 = 1.75 | C 0 ) = 1 2 π ( 0.2282 ) exp ( - 1 2 ( 1.75 - 1.4661 ) 2 0.2282 ) = 0.6999
and
p(e 2=1.75|C 1)=0.5219.
Using the values above, the conditional probabilities of "not cancer" and "cancer" given the particular evidence are computed according to Equation 4:
Pr ( C 0 | e 1 = 0 , e 2 = 1.75 ) = 0.0948 · 0.6999 · 0.5 0.0948 · 0.6999 · 0.5 + 0.1662 · 0.5219 · 0.5 = 0.8844 Pr ( C 1 | e 1 = 0 , e 2 = 1.75 ) = 0.1662 · 0.5219 · 0.5 0.0948 · 0.6999 · 0.5 + 0.1662 · 0.5219 · 0.5 = 0.1156
The calculations of both "not cancer" and "cancer" probabilities are shown here for completeness. However, only the probability of cancer is used in subsequent processing. Mass and spiculation probabilities are computed in the same fashion. The Bayes probabilities for each lesion from each channel are provided to the Case Based Ranking step, 7000.
Case Based Ranking
This section describes the context processing flow, ROI probability thresholding and case-based rank ordering. FIG. 15 shows an overall block diagram of the post-processing system. The processing is performed on each image of the case and surviving ROIs accumulate across the images in the case. Steps above the Image/Case line are performed on each image. These steps provide a set of case values for processing below the Image/Case line. The operation of the context and case processing section is now described.
Once the probability of cancer is calculated using the Bayesian network, the detections within an image are analyzed separately for each detection type. First, the probability of cancer for each ROI is compared to a predetermined channel-specific threshold. All ROIs with "cancer" probabilities less than the threshold are removed. ROIs with "cancer" probabilities greater than a threshold are retained for subsequent processing. In a preferred embodiment, the thresholds are as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Bayes Thresholds.
Channel Threshold
Calc 0.3
Mass 0.29
Spic 0.44
In the Mass and Spiculation channels, detections with probabilities greater than corresponding thresholds are retained. If the detections are collocated, the detection with the greater Bayes probability is retained. Otherwise, both are retained. Collocation is determined by computing the centroid of both ROIs. If the centroid of a first ROI is within the second ROI, collocation is declared. After this point, mass and spiculation ROIs are considered to be one type of detection, referred to as a "density" detection.
All remaining ROIs are then jointly ranked by Bayes probabilities, largest to smallest, across the case in step 7100. If more than a predetermined maximum number, CR, of ROI


text:
When online platform Circle Lab launched a beta version of its knowledge hub back in August 2017, it was toying with the idea of what open access could mean in the context of the circular economy (CE). Today, more than 1,000 case studies are openly accessible on Circle Lab, with 500 more to come in this month and 3,000 in the pipeline.
The progress the business has made is not only a testament to the global hunger for knowledge on the CE, but is also the product of a collaborative and agile approach fuelled by positive feedback loops. Illustrative examples of the CE in action are tremendously helpful in lowering the barriers to adoption and in making the concept more tangible to cities and businesses.
For example, when a fashion brand learns about how other fashion brands are sourcing recycled materials, it is more likely to be able to envision what circular change could look like in its own supply chains and operations, and so moves a step closer to adopting CE strategies.
But from conflicting definitions to different scopes, Circle Lab also found that information on the CE is extremely fragmented. Often gated behind membership-only communities or behind prohibitive fees, this information is not always readily available, impeding on the fast transfer of knowledge across borders and industry sectors.
With that in mind, the company decided to open up access to its knowledge base and get a first-hand look at the interests and needs of the CE community. Of its first 2,000 users, more than 65% indicated a strong need for more education on the subject; a desire to explore innovative strategies for their businesses; and wanted a network to reach out to and collaborate with.
By framing and categorising all case studies on Circle Lab using seven key elements of the CE identified by the platform, the specific strategies they entail and sectors they relate to, it is now easier for everyone to learn more about and see concrete examples that are directly relevant to their industry and interests.
This framework also provides an easy introduction to those less familiar with the topic, and assists them in navigating deeper into specific strategies that organisations around the world are putting into practice.
Beyond user needs, usage data from the platform during the past few months reflects global trends for new technologies and industries:
- Emerging technologies such as blockchain are gaining in popularity outside the tech industry and now make up some of Circle Lab's most visited case studies, with the initiatives Bext360 and Provenance leading the way.
- The textiles industry – an unlikely but powerful pioneer in the circular economy, for example with the 'Circular Fibres' initiatives and the Copenhagen Fashion Summit – continues to generate significant interest from users.
- The geographical make-up of visitors to the site mirrors regions where the CE is increasingly gaining momentum, with the Netherlands, the UK and the US topping the list, followed by Nordic countries such as Finland, where the first World Circular Economy Forum took place last year, as well as Spain, whose circular cities ambitions are slowly but surely starting to materialise.
As the company prepares to launch an online tool for businesses to assess their circularity, it is eager to include other organisations on its journey through:
- Innovation Cities and companies interested in crowdsourcing circular solutions can host challenges on Circle Lab and make use of its growing community of users, its expertise and knowledge base to cast their net wide. Glasgow is already working on the incubation of three such solutions.
- Content Academic institutions, businesses and individuals have all approached the platform to host their own case studies and other resources; it welcomes any additions to the knowledge hub.
- Community-building Circle Lab's mission and values have already struck a chord with many other organisations and are helping raise awareness through their own networks.
- In-kind and financial support With generous support from the eBay Foundation, a corporate advised fund of the Silicon Valley Community Foundation, Circle Lab was able to validate the market for and develop the first iteration of the platform. It is now testing out different revenue models to ensure financial sustainability, and welcomes any advice in the process.
Because collaboration has always been at the core of Circle Lab, it is always open to new and other exciting ways of working together.
Yasmina Lembachar is product marketing and community manager at Circle Lab


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I have a network consisting of about 500 nodes and a few thousand edges (a picture of this is attached) which I imported from a .CSV file. I have another table, containing some 200 more connections in the following format in a CSV file as well:
Gene Connection Gene
gene1 1 gene2
gene3 1 gene4
gene1 1 gene4
The 1's simply represent a connection in an unweighted graph between each gene pair. I would like to import these connections into Cytoscape, so each previously connected pair of nodes has 2 connections between them. Is there a way to do this?


++ed by:
BKB
1 PAUSE user
Brett Hamilton
NAME
MoonPhase - Information about the phase of the Moon
SYNOPSIS
use Astro::MoonPhase;
 ( $MoonPhase,
 $MoonIllum,
 $MoonAge,
 $MoonDist,
 $MoonAng,
 $SunDist,
 $SunAng ) = phase($seconds_since_1970);
 @phases = phasehunt($seconds_since_1970);
DESCRIPTION
MoonPhase calculates information about the phase of the moon at a given time.
FUNCTIONS
phase()
 ( $MoonPhase,
 $MoonIllum,
 $MoonAge,
 $MoonDist,
 $MoonAng,
 $SunDist,
 $SunAng ) = phase($seconds_since_1970);
 $MoonPhase = phase($seconds_since_1970);
The argument is the time for which the phase is requested, expressed as a time returned by the time function. If $seconds_since_1970 is omitted, it does phase(time).
Return value in scalar context is $MoonPhase, the terminator phase angle as a percentage of a full circle (i.e., 0 to 1).
Return values in array context:
$MoonPhase:
the terminator phase angle as a percentage of a full circle (i.e., 0 to 1)
$MoonIllum:
the illuminated fraction of the Moon's disc
$MoonAge:
the Moon's age in days and fraction
$MoonDist:
the distance of the Moon from the centre of the Earth
$MoonAng:
the angular diameter subtended by the Moon as seen by an observer at the centre of the Earth.
$SunDist:
the distance from the Sun in km
$SunAng:
the angular size of Sun in degrees
Example:
 ( $MoonPhase,
 $MoonIllum,
 $MoonAge,
 $MoonDist,
 $MoonAng,
 $SunDist,
 $SunAng ) = phase();
 print "MoonPhase = $MoonPhase\n";
 print "MoonIllum = $MoonIllum\n";
 print "MoonAge = $MoonAge\n";
 print "MoonDist = $MoonDist\n";
 print "MoonAng = $MoonAng\n";
 print "SunDist = $SunDist\n";
 print "SunAng = $SunAng\n";
could print something like this:
 MoonPhase = 0.598939375319023
 MoonIllum = 0.906458030827876
 MoonAge = 17.6870323368022
 MoonDist = 372479.357420033
 MoonAng = 0.534682403555093
 SunDist = 152078368.820205
 SunAng = 0.524434538105092
phasehunt()
 @phases = phasehunt($seconds_since_1970);
Finds time of phases of the moon which surround the given date. Five phases are found, starting and ending with the new moons which bound the current lunation.
The argument is the time, expressed as a time returned by the time function. If $seconds_since_1970 is omitted, it does phasehunt(time).
Example:
 @phases = phasehunt();
 print "New Moon = ", scalar(localtime($phases[0])), "\n";
 print "First quarter = ", scalar(localtime($phases[1])), "\n";
 print "Full moon = ", scalar(localtime($phases[2])), "\n";
 print "Last quarter = ", scalar(localtime($phases[3])), "\n";
 print "New Moon = ", scalar(localtime($phases[4])), "\n";
could print something like this:
 New Moon = Wed Jun 24 06:51:47 1998
 First quarter = Wed Jul 1 21:42:19 1998
 Full moon = Thu Jul 9 19:02:47 1998
 Last quarter = Thu Jul 16 18:15:18 1998
 New Moon = Thu Jul 23 16:45:01 1998
ABOUT THE ALGORITHMS
The algorithms used in this program to calculate the positions of Sun and Moon as seen from the Earth are given in the book Practical Astronomy With Your Calculator by Peter Duffett-Smith, Second Edition, Cambridge University Press, 1981. Ignore the word "Calculator" in the title; this is an essential reference if you're interested in developing software which calculates planetary positions, orbits, eclipses, and the like. If you're interested in pursuing such programming, you should also obtain:
Astronomical Formulae for Calculators by Jean Meeus, Third Edition, Willmann-Bell, 1985. A must-have.
Planetary Programs and Tables from -4000 to +2800 by Pierre Bretagnon and Jean-Louis Simon, Willmann-Bell, 1986. If you want the utmost (outside of JPL) accuracy for the planets, it's here.
Celestial BASIC by Eric Burgess, Revised Edition, Sybex, 1985. Very cookbook oriented, and many of the algorithms are hard to dig out of the turgid BASIC code, but you'll probably want it anyway.
Many of these references can be obtained from Willmann-Bell, P.O. Box 35025, Richmond, VA 23235, USA. Phone: _PHONE_. In addition to their own publications, they stock most of the standard references for mathematical and positional astronomy.
LICENCE
This program is in the public domain: "Do what thou wilt shall be the whole of the law".
AUTHORS
The moontool.c Release 2.0: A Moon for the Sun Designed and implemented by John Walker in December 1987, revised and updated in February of 1988.
Initial Perl transcription: Raino Pikkarainen, 1998 _EMAIL_
The moontool.c Release 2.4: Major enhancements by Ron Hitchens, 1989
Revisions: Brett Hamilton _URL_ Bug fix, 2003 Second transcription and bugfixes, 2004


Green Office Screens
Preserved plants are plants and flowers that have been 100% preserved by using natural techniques. The preservation liquid replaces the sap and water of the plant species used. This method preserves the plants freshness, keeping its natural beauty with no maintenance required. It has been proven by many scientific studies that having more greenery around the workplace has positive effects on employees. The effects of nature help reduce stress, increase productivity and offer a stylish and env


Invasive Species Compendium
Detailed coverage of invasive species threatening livelihoods and the environment worldwide
Abstract
Leaf litter input to ponds can dramatically alter amphibian morphological phenotypes.
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity in growth and development is commonly examined, but morphology can exhibit plasticity as well. Leg length plasticity is important, because it impacts mobility, which affects predator avoidance, prey capture, and seasonal movements. Differences in relative (i.e., body size adjusted) hind leg lengths > 5% in anurans affect jumping abilities, and resource levels and predation can generate these differences. Leaf litter input can alter larval growth and development and likely morphology as well. I show that relative leg length [leg length/snout-to-vent length (SVL) × 100%] can be quite variable, ranging from 44% of SVL to 120% of SVL across the following species: Hyla versicolor, Lithobates sylvaticus, L. sphenocephalus, and Anaxyrus americanus. Within species variability was highest in L. sylvaticus and almost as great as across species. I measured relative leg length for metamorphs from aquatic mesocosm studies examining the effects of plant litter type and quality. I also examined the relative importance of different environmental variables, including water quality, predation, resource level, and temperature. Good predictors were found only for the two ranids, where leaf litter input was the only variable found to affect relative leg length. Ranid frogs had longer legs when emerging from mesocosms with grass than mesocosms with no litter input, and deciduous leaves produced metamorphs intermediate in leg length. These results suggest that habitat changes in vegetation from land use change, invasive species, and climate change may affect the mobility and fitness of individuals through changes in metamorph relative leg length.


WordPressで比較表を作成する方法（プラグインの有無にかかわらず）
A comparison table allows you to compare multiple items horizontally or vertically, highlighting their key features, specifications, and other features. It's a powerful way to let users make informed decisions.
Although you can create comparison tables with the default WordPress table block, it has numerous limitations. You cannot add images, buttons, and lists to the default block.
テーブルバーグ is a wonderful table builder plugin that overcomes all these limitations. In this article, we'll show you two methods of how to create a comparison table in WordPress – with a plugin and no plugin.
美しいテーブルを作る
ブロックエディター付き
Method One: Create a Comparison Table Without a Plugin
You'll get a default Table block in the WordPress block library. You can create a basic-level comparison table with it.
Step 01: Add the Table Block to Your Post/Page Editor
をクリックする。 プラス（＋）アイコン. Type テーブル in the search box. Once the block appears, add it to the editor of your post/page.
Add the Table Block to Your Post/Page Editor
Step 02: Define the Column and Row Number
Define the column and row number as you want for the table. In this tutorial, we'll select 4*3 for the comparison table.
行番号と列番号を設定する
Step 03: Add Information to the Table
Now, add information to the table. You can only add textual information; no images, buttons, or any other block.
Here is a demo table we have made ready for the post.
Demo comparison table created with the default WordPress Table block
Method Two: Create a Comparison Table with TableBerg
As you can see in the first method, you cannot add any image, button, or else to the comparison table created with the default table block. But without these elements, comparison tables fail to trigger users.
テーブルバーグ is a wonderful Gutenberg-friendly table builder plugin that can help you overcome all these limitations.
ステップ 01: TableBergプラグインのインストール
Log into your WordPress dashboard. Go to プラグイン > 新規プラグインの追加. Type テーブルバーグ in the search box to find the plugin. Once the plugin appears below, hit the Install Now ボタンをクリックする。 アクティベート it afterward.
Install the TableBerg plugin
Step 02: Add the TableBerg Block
Open a post or page. Add the テーブルバーグ・ブロック from the Gutenberg editor.
Add the TableBerg block
ステップ03：行数と列数の選択
Select the number of rows and columns as you do with the default table block. Hit the テーブル作成 button after that. We'll select two (2) columns and four (4) rows.
Select the Number of Rows and Columns
ステップ04：テーブルにコンテンツを追加する
Add headings to the columns. Hit the プラス (+) icon and select the block as you want. Select the イメージブロック after that. This will allow you to add an image to the cell.
Add image block to the table created by TableBerg
# Add Images to the Table
You can see we have added an image respectively to each column.
Add Images to the Table
# Add Lists to the Table
Next, select the リストブロック. Using this block, you can list all the features of your product. Do this to the respective row of each column.
Add list to the table created by TableBerg
# Add Buttons to the Table
Now, add the ボタンブロック to the table. This will allow you to add a CTA button for each product.
Add buttons to the table
Once the blocks are added, you can customize them from the スタイル タブをクリックしてください。
Customize the TableBerg blocks
Thus, you can create versatile and multipurpose comparison tables using the TableBerg plugin.
結論
Creating comparison tables can greatly enhance user experience by presenting information in a structured and easily digestible format. TableBerg promises to revolutionize your WordPress table building experience with more stunning releases in the coming days.
Here's a quick guide on how to remove table borders in WordPress so you can make your table design more captivating.
テーブルバーグ・チーム
早割キャンペーン実施中
これは通知バーのデフォルトテキストです。


text:
AudioLord of the Flies Study Guide for iPad by RocketBook
Go to the head-of-the-class with comprehensive AUDIO study guides for your iPad. RocketBook, in collaboration with iPREPpress has created mobile AUDIO study guides for a number of novels and plays that are required reading at the high school level.
* All the audio is resident in the APP, not streamed from the Internet. You can use this product anywhere!
But these are study guides like you've never seen before. Designed especially for teen audiences, the professional narration and background music make the presentations engaging and easier to remember.
Even though these study guides are much more stimulating and memorable than the stale, printed or audio study notes from other sources, the material is very solid. Presented chapter-by-chapter, each lesson includes:
* Chapter summary and contains:
- Character development
* Chapter analysis and contains:
With its 12 audio lessons, Lord of the Flies by William Goldinng, springs to life. Use Rocketbook as a complement to your reading assignment. It will enhance your reading experience and help you retain the key facts to ace your book reports and tests.
These guides are especially helpful for students with learning disabilities but they are excellent for all students.
RocketBook has over 35 audio and video titles including:
Romeo and Juliet
The Scarlet Letter
The Great Gatsby
Mary Shelley's Frankenstein
Pride & Prejudice
Each audio and video study guide app has been meticulously created by iPREPpress LLC, a leader in educational iPod, iPhone and mobile device development and distribution.


text:
Charcoal and Pig Iron Production in Brazil: An Example of Our Efforts to Address Human Rights Abuses in Our Supply Chain
Ford's efforts to address human rights abuses in the production of charcoal and pig iron in Brazil illustrate our proactive approach to addressing human rights issues deep in our raw materials supply chain. In 2006, Ford discovered that charcoal produced in Brazil with the use of slave labor had found its way into our supply chain. Pig iron is a key ingredient in steel production, and in Brazil, charcoal is often used as fuel in the production of pig iron (see the Pig Iron Producers graphic below). The charcoal is made from wood harvested in remote areas of Brazil where instances of forced labor have been found to occur. At the time this issue was brought to our attention in 2006, pig iron was purchased directly by Ford and used at our Cleveland Casting Plant.
When we learned of the situation, we immediately stopped sourcing from the site that was identified in the investigation, but we continued dialogue with the supplier and helped them to develop management systems until such time as the supplier could ensure it was not supporting forced labor in the supply chain for pig iron. We then identified all potential points of entry for pig iron in the Ford value chain and engaged with all relevant suppliers, seeking assurances from them that forced labor was not employed anywhere in their value chain. This included an intensive mapping of five to six tiers of suppliers (including importers, exporters and trading companies). We also requested additional detail regarding our Tier 1 suppliers' systems for safeguarding human rights throughout their operations, including procurement.
The Cleveland Casting Plant was closed in 2010, and Ford no longer directly purchases pig iron. Regardless, we have continued, through integrated supplier development programs, to convey our prohibition of forced labor and validate, where possible, supplier compliance. Validation continues to be challenging given the number of supply chain actors between Ford and the charcoal camps in Brazil. For this reason, in 2011 we renewed our inquiry into the potential points of entry for Brazilian pig iron to our supply chain and are evaluating specific supplier progress on management systems to ensure responsible procurement of this material. We also are working with the U.S. State Department, the International Labour Organization and the governing committee of the Brazilian National Pact to Eradicate Forced Labor to seek multilateral solutions that will help to validate information and improve transparency. Ultimately, we hope to enable responsible purchasing decisions throughout the supply chain.
Pig Iron Producers


text:
Superconducting materials exhibiting topological properties are emerging as an exciting platform to realize fundamentally new excitations from topological quantum states of matter. In this letter, we explore the possibility of a field-free platform for generating Majorana zero energy excitations by depositing magnetic Fe impurities on the surface of candidate topological superconductors, LiFeAs and PbTaSe2. We use scanning tunneling microscopy to probe localized states induced at the Fe adatoms on the atomic scale and at sub-Kelvin temperatures. We find that each Fe adatom generates a striking zero-energy bound state inside the superconducting gap, which do not split in magnetic fields up to 8 T, underlining a nontrivial topological origin. Our findings point to magnetic Fe adatoms evaporated on bulk superconductors with topological surface states for exploring Majorana zero modes and quantum information science under field-free conditions.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
- Condensed Matter Physics


text:
Auto-Sliding canopies are normally in a folded position, but automatically open up when sensors detect rain or snow, and can be installed at subway station entrances to provide citizens with an additional level of convenience. In June 2008, Hyundai Elevator, together with the Seoul Metropolitan Infrastructure Headquarters, developed and submitted a patent for the world's first auto-Sliding canopy.
Next generation system providing greater safety and convenience
The Auto-Sliding Canopy resolves many issues related to canopies, including the need for canopies to improve citizens' safety versus the demands from adjacent store owners to remove permanent type canopies. It is a next generation system that enhances safety of citizens, protects escalators from the elements, resolves complaints from store owners, and reduces inconvenience to pedestrians.
A system that is considerate of city appearance and our living environment
The system solves the problem of traditional fixed canopies blocking store signs, by folding out of the way during normal weather and unfolding a transparent canopy during rain or snow, providing a solution that satisfies store owners demands as well as improves the city's appearance..


Next: , Previous: Numerical Error, Up: ode
8.7 Running time
The time required for ode to solve numerically a system of ordinary differential equations depends on a great many factors. A few of them are: number of equations, complexity of equations (number of operators and nature of the operators), and number of steps taken (a very complicated function of the difficulty of solution, unless constant stepsizes are used). The most effective way to gauge the time required for solution of a system is to clock a short or imprecise run of the problem, and reason as follows: the time required to take two steps is roughly twice that required for one; and there is a relationship between the number of steps required and the relative error ceiling chosen. That relationship depends on the numerical scheme being used, the difficulty of solution, and perhaps on the magnitude of the error ceiling itself. A few carefully planned short runs may be used to determine this relationship, enabling a long but imprecise run to be used as an aid in projecting the cost of a more precise run over the same region. Lastly, if a great deal of data is printed, it is likely that more time is spent in printing the results than in computing the numerical solution.