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Time Series Regression IV: Spurious Regression
This example considers trending variables, spurious regression, and methods of accommodation in multiple linear regression models. It is the fourth in a series of examples on time series regression, following the presentation in previous examples.
Predictors that trend over time are sometimes viewed with suspicion in multiple linear regression (MLR) models. Individually, however, they need not affect ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation. In particular, there is no need to linearize and detrend each predictor. If response values are well-described by a linear combination of the predictors, an MLR model is still applicable, and classical linear model (CLM) assumptions are not violated.
If, however, a trending predictor is paired with a trending response, there is the possibility of spurious regression, where $t$ -statistics and overall measures of fit become misleadingly "significant." That is, the statistical significance of relationships in the model do not accurately reflect the causal significance of relationships in the data-generating process (DGP).
To investigate, we begin by loading relevant data from the previous example on "Influential Observations," and continue the analysis of the credit default model presented there:
load Data_TSReg3
One way that mutual trends arise in a predictor and a response is when both variables are correlated with a causally prior confounding variable outside of the model. The omitted variable (OV) becomes a part of the innovations process, and the model becomes implicitly restricted, expressing a false relationship that would not exist if the OV were included in the specification. Correlation between the OV and model predictors violates the CLM assumption of strict exogeneity.
When a model fails to account for a confounding variable, the result is omitted variable bias, where coefficients of specified predictors over-account for the variation in the response, shifting estimated values away from those in the DGP. Estimates are also inconsistent, since the source of the bias does not disappear with increasing sample size. Violations of strict exogeneity help model predictors track correlated changes in the innovations, producing overoptimistically small confidence intervals on the coefficients and a false sense of goodness of fit.
To avoid underspecification, it is tempting to pad out an explanatory model with control variables representing a multitude of economic factors with only tenuous connections to the response. By this method, the likelihood of OV bias would seem to be reduced. However, if irrelevant predictors are included in the model, the variance of coefficient estimates increases, and so does the chance of false inferences about predictor significance. Even if relevant predictors are included, if they do not account for all of the OVs, then the bias and inefficiency of coefficient estimates may increase or decrease, depending, among other things, on correlations between included and excluded variables [1]. This last point is usually lost in textbook treatments of OV bias, which typically compare an underspecified model to a practically unachievable fully-specified model.
Without experimental designs for acquiring data, and the ability to use random sampling to minimize the effects of misspecification, econometricians must be very careful about choosing model predictors. The certainty of underspecification and the uncertain logic of control variables makes the role of relevant theory especially important in model specification. Examples in this series on "Predictor Selection" and "Residual Diagnostics" describe the process in terms of cycles of diagnostics and respecification. The goal is to converge to an acceptable set of coefficient estimates, paired with a series of residuals from which all relevant specification information has been distilled.
In the case of the credit default model introduced in the example on "Linear Models," confounding variables are certainly possible. The candidate predictors are somewhat ad hoc, rather than the result of any fundamental accounting of the causes of credit default. Moreover, the predictors are proxies, dependent on other series outside of the model. Without further analysis of potentially relevant economic factors, evidence of confounding must be found in an analysis of model residuals.
Detrending is a common preprocessing step in econometrics, with different possible goals. Often, economic series are detrended in an attempt to isolate a stationary component amenable to ARMA analysis or spectral techniques. Just as often, series are detrended so that they can be compared on a common scale, as with per capita normalizations to remove the effect of population growth. In regression settings, detrending may be used to minimize spurious correlations.
A plot of the credit default data (see the example on "Linear Models") shows that the predictor BBB and the response IGD are both trending. It might be hoped that trends could be removed by deleting a few atypical observations from the data. For example, the trend in the response seems mostly due to the single influential observation in 2001:
hold on
hold off
ylabel('Response Level')
title('{\bf Response}')
axis tight
grid on
Alternatively, variable transformations are used to remove trends. This may improve the statistical properties of a regression model, but it complicates analysis and interpretation. Any transformation alters the economic meaning of a variable, favoring the predictive power of a model over explanatory simplicity.
The manner of trend-removal depends on the type of trend. One type of trend is produced by a trend-stationary (TS) process, which is the sum of a deterministic trend and a stationary process. TS variables, once identified, are often linearized with a power or log transformation, then detrended by regressing on time. The detrend function, used above, removes the least-squares line from the data. This transformation often has the side effect of regularizing influential observations.
Stochastic Trends
Not all trends are TS, however. Difference stationary (DS) processes, also known as integrated or unit root processes, may exhibit stochastic trends, without a TS decomposition. When a DS predictor is paired with a DS response, problems of spurious regression appear [2]. This is true even if the series are generated independently from one another, without any confounding. The problem is complicated by the fact that not all DS series are trending.
Consider the following regressions between DS random walks with various degrees of drift. The coefficient of determination ( $R^2$ ) is computed in repeated realizations, and the distribution displayed. For comparison, the distribution for regressions between random vectors (without an autoregressive dependence) is also displayed:
T = 100;
numSims = 1000;
drifts = [0 0.1 0.2 0.3];
numModels = length(drifts);
Steps = randn(T,2,numSims);
% Regression between two random walks:
ResRW = zeros(numSims,T,numModels);
RSqRW = zeros(numSims,numModels);
for d = 1:numModels
 for s = 1:numSims
 Y = zeros(T,2);
 for t = 2:T
 Y(t,:) = drifts(d) + Y(t-1,:) + Steps(t,:,s);
 % The compact regression formulation:
 % MRW =,1),Y(:,2));
 % ResRW(s,:,d) = MRW.Residuals.Raw';
 % RSqRW(s,d) = MRW.Rsquared.Ordinary;
 % is replaced by the following for
 % efficiency in repeated simulation:
 X = [ones(size(Y(:,1))),Y(:,1)];
 y = Y(:,2);
 Coeff = X\y;
 yHat = X*Coeff;
 res = y-yHat;
 yBar = mean(y);
 regRes = yHat-yBar;
 SSR = regRes'*regRes;
 SSE = res'*res;
 SST = SSR+SSE;
 RSq = 1-SSE/SST;
 ResRW(s,:,d) = res';
 RSqRW(s,d) = RSq;
% Plot R-squared distributions:
CMap = get(gcf,'ColorMap');
Colors = CMap(linspace(1,64,numModels),:);
legend(strcat({'Drift = '},num2str(drifts','%-2.1f')),'Location','North');
xlabel('{\it R}^2')
ylabel('Number of Simulations')
title('{\bf Regression Between Two Independent Random Walks}')
clear RsqRW
% Regression between two random vectors:
RSqR = zeros(numSims,1);
for s = 1:numSims
 % The compact regression formulation:
 % MR =,1,s),Steps(:,2,s));
 % RSqR(s) = MR.Rsquared.Ordinary;
 % is replaced by the following for
 % efficiency in repeated simulation:
 X = [ones(size(Steps(:,1,s))),Steps(:,1,s)];
 y = Steps(:,2,s);
 Coeff = X\y;
 yHat = X*Coeff;
 res = y-yHat;
 yBar = mean(y);
 regRes = yHat-yBar;
 SSR = regRes'*regRes;
 SSE = res'*res;
 SST = SSR+SSE;
 RSq = 1-SSE/SST;
 RSqR(s) = RSq;
% Plot R-squared distribution:
set(get(gca,'Children'),'FaceColor',[.8.8 1])
xlabel('{\it R}^2')
ylabel('Number of Simulations')
title('{\bf Regression Between Two Independent Random Vectors}')
clear RSqR
The $R^2$ for the random-walk regressions becomes more significant as the drift coefficient increases. Even with zero drift, random-walk regressions are more significant than regressions between random vectors, where $


text:
ThingLink is a flexible tool for teaching and learning that can be used for a wide variety of purposes in education. At it's most basic level, teachers and students can start with an image, define it through multimedia and pack it full of content to present knowledge and ideas. It's a great tool for teachers at any level of tech integration because of it's simple, flexible design.
A Simple Flexible Tool
Teachers don't need a lot of tech expertise to create a ThingLink interactive image, they just need to know how to copy and paste. My advice to teachers just starting out with ThingLink is to spend about 15 minutes engaging in constructive play to create an interactive image about something familiar, like "How to Make Sun Tea" or "Favorite Recipes". This allows users to experience the ease of use of the tool itself without getting distracted by the possibilities that exist for designing more powerful activities. After trying the tool, teachers will soon discover that the simplicity of ThingLink will allow them to keep the focus on teaching without having to struggle with learning how to use the technology.
ThingLink images are powered by ideas and intellect. Right out of the box, teachers can use the tool to provide students with differentiated learning experiences that support unique learning styles through the use of multimedia. As teachers become more comfortable with tech integration, this flexible tool will continue to support their needs. More experienced tech users can truly test their creativity and challenge themselves to think outside of the box when designing powerful learning experiences. For this reason, ThingLink is one of the most frequently used tools in my toolkit.
My Web of Flexible Learning Tools
A flexible digital toolkit is essential for helping teachers design learning experiences that leverage the power of technology to transform learning. As I reflect on my own digital toolkit, I recognize that all of the tools I frequently use are blank canvasses powered by features I can use to design any type of learning experience I can imagine. The tools in my toolkit allow me to start with the learning goals and higher order thinking skills and make use of the technology to design learning experiences that provide students with opportunities to achieve those goals.
Please explore my web of flexible learning tools, powered by ThingLink.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Kinetica Museum | Kinetica Artfair | Kinetica Enterprises |
Sound artist Bjorn Hatleskog works under the name Romvelope, and has been releasing experimental music for the past 10 years via his record label ADAADAT. Struck with a desire to create something that exists somewhere between sound and sculpture, he started building semi-autonomous musical instruments. He focuses on the kind of noise or undesirable sound that conventional instrument designers seek to remove from their creations.
The current installation features fluorescent lighting, a pair of modified Fisher Price Turntables that function as primitive sequencers switching electrical currents on and off, electromagnetic interference that produces toilet seat shaped instruments, a self-strumming guitar, a device that transforms the electrical signal from the lights into sound waves and Robotic Percussion.


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SELECT
In Polars SQL, the SELECT statement is used to retrieve data from a table into a DataFrame. The basic syntax of a SELECT statement in Polars SQL is as follows:
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name;
Here, column1, column2, etc. are the columns that you want to select from the table. You can also use the wildcard * to select all columns. table_name is the name of the table or that you want to retrieve data from. In the sections below we will cover some of the more common SELECT variants
register · execute
df = pl.DataFrame(
 {
 "city": [
 "New York",
 "Los Angeles",
 "Chicago",
 "Houston",
 "Phoenix",
 "Amsterdam",
 ],
 "country": ["USA", "USA", "USA", "USA", "USA", "Netherlands"],
 "population": [_PHONE_, _PHONE_, _PHONE_, _PHONE_, _PHONE_, 900000],
 }
)
ctx = pl.SQLContext(population=df, eager_execution=True)
print(ctx.execute("SELECT * FROM population"))
shape: (6, 3)
┌─────────────┬─────────────┬────────────┐
│ city ┆ country ┆ population │
│ --- ┆ --- ┆ --- │
│ str ┆ str ┆ i64 │
╞═════════════╪═════════════╪════════════╡
│ New York ┆ USA ┆ _PHONE_ │
│ Los Angeles ┆ USA ┆ _PHONE_ │
│ Chicago ┆ USA ┆ _PHONE_ │
│ Houston ┆ USA ┆ _PHONE_ │
│ Phoenix ┆ USA ┆ _PHONE_ │
│ Amsterdam ┆ Netherlands ┆ 900000 │
└─────────────┴─────────────┴────────────┘
GROUP BY
The GROUP BY statement is used to group rows in a table by one or more columns and compute aggregate functions on each group.
execute
result = ctx.execute(
 """
 SELECT country, AVG(population) as avg_population
 FROM population
 GROUP BY country
 """
)
print(result)
shape: (2, 2)
┌─────────────┬────────────────┐
│ country ┆ avg_population │
│ --- ┆ --- │
│ str ┆ f64 │
╞═════════════╪════════════════╡
│ Netherlands ┆ 900000.0 │
│ USA ┆ 3.8202e6 │
└─────────────┴────────────────┘
ORDER BY
The ORDER BY statement is used to sort the result set of a query by one or more columns in ascending or descending order.
execute
result = ctx.execute(
 """
 SELECT city, population
 FROM population
 ORDER BY population
 """
)
print(result)
shape: (6, 2)
┌─────────────┬────────────┐
│ city ┆ population │
│ --- ┆ --- │
│ str ┆ i64 │
╞═════════════╪════════════╡
│ Amsterdam ┆ 900000 │
│ Phoenix ┆ _PHONE_ │
│ Houston ┆ _PHONE_ │
│ Chicago ┆ _PHONE_ │
│ Los Angeles ┆ _PHONE_ │
│ New York ┆ _PHONE_ │
└─────────────┴────────────┘
JOIN
register_many · execute
income = pl.DataFrame(
 {
 "city": [
 "New York",
 "Los Angeles",
 "Chicago",
 "Houston",
 "Amsterdam",
 "Rotterdam",
 "Utrecht",
 ],
 "country": [
 "USA",
 "USA",
 "USA",
 "USA",
 "Netherlands",
 "Netherlands",
 "Netherlands",
 ],
 "income": [55000, 62000, 48000, 52000, 42000, 38000, 41000],
 }
)
ctx.register_many(income=income)
result = ctx.execute(
 """
 SELECT country, city, income, population
 FROM population
 LEFT JOIN income on population.city = income.city
 """
)
print(result)
shape: (6, 4)
┌─────────────┬─────────────┬────────┬────────────┐
│ country ┆ city ┆ income ┆ population │
│ --- ┆ --- ┆ --- ┆ --- │
│ str ┆ str ┆ i64 ┆ i64 │
╞═════════════╪═════════════╪════════╪════════════╡
│ USA ┆ New York ┆ 55000 ┆ _PHONE_ │
│ USA ┆ Los Angeles ┆ 62000 ┆ _PHONE_ │
│ USA ┆ Chicago ┆ 48000 ┆ _PHONE_ │
│ USA ┆ Houston ┆ 52000 ┆ _PHONE_ │
│ USA ┆ Phoenix ┆ null ┆ _PHONE_ │
│ Netherlands ┆ Amsterdam ┆ 42000 ┆ 900000 │
└─────────────┴─────────────┴────────┴────────────┘
Functions
Polars provides a wide range of SQL functions, including:
 - Mathematical functions: ABS, EXP, LOG, ASIN, ACOS, ATAN, etc.
 - String functions: LOWER, UPPER, LTRIM, RTRIM, STARTS_WITH,ENDS_WITH.
 - Aggregation functions: SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX, COUNT, STDDEV, FIRST etc.
 - Array functions: EXPLODE, UNNEST,ARRAY_SUM,ARRAY_REVERSE, etc.
For a full list of supported functions go the API documentation. The example below demonstrates how to use a function in a query
query
result = ctx.execute(
 """
 SELECT city, population
 FROM population
 WHERE STARTS_WITH(country,'U')
 """
)
print(result)
shape: (5, 2)
┌─────────────┬────────────┐
│ city ┆ population │
│ --- ┆ --- │
│ str ┆ i64 │
╞═════════════╪════════════╡
│ New York ┆ _PHONE_ │
│ Los Angeles ┆ _PHONE_ │
│ Chicago ┆ _PHONE_ │
│ Houston ┆ _PHONE_ │
│ Phoenix ┆ _PHONE_ │
└─────────────┴────────────┘
Table Functions
In the examples earlier we first generated a DataFrame which we registered in the SQLContext. Polars also support directly reading from CSV, Parquet, JSON and IPC in your SQL query using table functions read_xxx.
execute
result = ctx.execute(
 """
 SELECT *
 FROM read_csv('docs/src/data/iris.csv')
 """
)
print(result)
shape: (150, 5)
┌──────────────┬─────────────┬──────────────┬─────────────┬───────────┐
│ sepal_length ┆ sepal_width ┆ petal_length ┆ petal_width ┆ species │
│ --- ┆ --- ┆ --- ┆ --- ┆ --- │
│ f64 ┆ f64 ┆ f64 ┆ f64 ┆ str │
╞══════════════╪═════════════╪══════════════╪═════════════╪═══════════╡
│ 5.1 ┆ 3.5 ┆ 1.4 ┆ 0.2 ┆ Setosa │
│ 4.9 ┆ 3.0 ┆ 1.4 ┆ 0.2 ┆ Setosa │
│ 4.7 ┆ 3.2 ┆ 1.3 ┆ 0.2 ┆ Setosa │
│ 4.6 ┆ 3.1 ┆ 1.5 ┆ 0.2 ┆ Setosa │
│ … ┆ … ┆ … ┆ … ┆ … │
│ 6.3 ┆ 2.5 ┆ 5.0 ┆ 1.9 ┆ Virginica │
│ 6.5 ┆ 3.0 ┆ 5.2 ┆ 2.0 ┆ Virginica │
│ 6.2 ┆ 3.4 ┆ 5.4 ┆ 2.3 ┆ Virginica │
│ 5.9 ┆ 3.0 ┆ 5.1 ┆ 1.8 ┆ Virginica │
└──────────────┴─────────────┴──────────────┴─────────────┴───────────┘


text:
A Walk in the Park
Professor Fabian Wagmister unveils an experimental mobile website for the Los Angeles State Historic Park
On Thursday, Oct. 16, Associate Professor Fabian Wagmister, director of UCLA Center for Research in Engineering, Media and Performance (REMAP) celebrated the public release of LASHP Trails, an experimental mobile website he developed with his team at UCLA REMAP's Interpretive Media Laboratory (IMLab). The result of 10 years of research and featuring urban paths that explore the past, present and future of the neighborhoods surrounding the Los Angeles State Historic Park (LASHP), the website is the first site-specific historic storytelling environment in Los Angeles. Wellspring, an original, digitally interactive sculpture that serves as the mobile website's trailhead, was also revealed during an afternoon ceremony that took place under Los Angeles' North Broadway Bridge and was attended by Peter Marx, chief innovation technology officer for the City of Los Angeles; Craig Sap, Angeles District superintendent for California State Parks, and David Szymanski, superintendent of the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area. Designed in collaboration with artists Michael Parker and Troy Rounseville, Wellspring features interactive light and sound created by IMLab.
LASHP Trails, a partnership between UCLA REMAP, California State Parks, the National Park Service, the California Endowment and the City of Los Angeles, is the evolution of an idea that began with 60 students from Los Angeles' Franklin High School. In conjunction with staff from the National Parks Service and the Department of City Planning, the students designed urban trails connecting their neighborhoods to LASHP. The students envisioned the park as a "community trailhead" linking downtown, Chinatown, Northeast L.A., and the L.A. River with a healthy system of pedestrian and non-motorized transportation opportunities within a 650-acre area surrounding the park.
"Because of my extensive research in the history of the neighborhoods they were exploring I was invited to speak to them about the area," Wagmister says. "I was so inspired by their work I immediately started imagining a flexible digital media tool to allow many community groups to do their own interactive trails."
Wagmister and UCLA REMAP executive director Jeff Burke developed the concept of a mobile website that intensifies users' "connection to place" by exposing them to the often-hidden history and potential futures of the spaces in which they are physically standing. In doing so, Wagmister says, "we hope to make people more aware of the process of urban transformation, promote their civic engagement and empower them to participate." (Through the years, Wagmister adds, more than 30 student researchers contributed to the creation of the content. An "innumerable amount of community partners and members" were also instrumental in its creation, by sharing images and stories about their neighborhoods.) LASHP Trails marks one of IMLab's initial efforts to connect place-based content with the promotion of physical activity through urban trails near the park.
LASHP Trails is just the beginning. Wagmister and his team are already working on a much larger project that would enable community groups throughout the city to "create interconnected trails based on their identity, their needs and their aspirations," he says. "We hope such a system will connect with the city and with our fellow Angelinos."
Posted: October 17, 2014

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Climate change: evidence review of mitigation options in the Transport sector
- This evidence review is based on a systematic literature review of over 100 papers on the wider impacts of climate change mitigation in the transport sector. The review looked at qualitative and quantitative sources of relevance to the Scottish context. Particular consideration was given to the impacts from an equalities perspective.
- Overall the evidence base suggests there are a number of potential co-benefits associated with transport climate change mitigation measures. Health benefits associated with increased levels of walking and cycling dominates the literature. Reductions in car vehicle kilometres whether through modal shift or demand reduction ( e.g. through teleworking) can offer air quality improvements, noise and congestion reduction. There is also an emerging evidence base on the co-benefits of improved transport efficiencies. However, the extent of these benefits, particularly from an equalities perspective, is dependent on how and where policies are implemented and the extent of consumer uptake and acceptance.
- Transport is a major contributor to air quality pollutant emissions. An emerging literature base suggests that improvements in vehicle efficiency for example, through the use of electric vehicles can offer benefits here. Further understanding relating to population exposure and the spatial distribution of these vehicles to ensure these benefits is required. The evidence base suggests links between socially deprived neighbourhoods and exposure to higher levels of air pollution, thus consideration should be given to the geographic positioning of demonstration schemes and grants to help facilitate equitable, social and distributional benefits of these vehicles.
- There are opportunities too with regard to the potential for noise reduction through the use of electric vehicles, however a fuller understanding of the implications of the European Commission's required introduction of sound generating devices (for safety purposes) on these vehicles is necessary to better understand the extent of this potential reduction.
- Modal shift from car to public transport and walk and cycle can potentially bring about reductions in noise, air pollution and congestion. The level of benefit depends on the extent of modal shift in terms of car vehicle kilometres reduced, and where and when these reductions take place. For public transport modes, the impacts will be greatest when the modal shift is to cleaner vehicles. To capture these potential benefits, guidance is available at the UK and Scottish level. In terms of quantitative approaches, recent Defra modelling work may be highly relevant. Identification of opportunities from an equalities perspective is required e.g. the location of bike share schemes in areas where the numbers of existing cyclists is limited.
- There is strong evidence that active travel interventions can, through increased physical activity, bring about substantial health benefits. These health benefits relate to reductions in disease and mortality. Quantitative tools and models exist to capture these benefits. To quantify the benefits of reductions in disease in the Scottish context, further work is required. Scottish based research is making important contributions to the real life evidence base with regard to the increased adoption of active travel measures. In terms of ensuring equitable distribution of benefits, further understanding is required to help ensure those that are currently less likely to walk and cycle are reached. This could include innovative methods such as electric bicycles.
- Action may be required to lock in these benefits, for example through demand management. Demand management offers opportunities in terms of congestion reduction and can be used as an incentive to facilitate the adoption of lower emission vehicles. There are close links with land use planning and the facilitation of modal shift.
Email: Debbie Sagar


text:
Templates for reporting pre-hospital major incident medical management : systematic literature review
ForfatterFattah, Sabina; Rehn, Marius; Reierth, Eirik; Wisborg, Torben
Introduction In 2010, a total of 385 natural disasters killed more than 297 000 people worldwide and affected over 217 million others. More standardised reporting of major incident management have been advocated in the previous years. Prevention, mitigation, preparedness and major incident response may be improved through collection and analysis of high-quality standardised data on medical management of major incidents. Standardised data may elevate the level of scientific evidence within disaster medicine research. Methods and analysis A systematic literature review will be conducted to identify templates for reporting pre-hospital major incident medical management. The first set of entry terms aims to describe major incidents published during the last 20 years. The second set aims to focus the number of search results from the first set to those publications that describe templates based on data collections from these major incidents. Predefined free search phases will be combined with the first two sets.
SiteringBMJ Open 2(2012) nr. 3:e001082
Følgende lisensfil er knyttet til denne innførselen:


Medical Quiz
Body Movements Quiz
The breaking of a bone is called ___________
A. fracture
B. deformity
C. sprain
D. disease
Select your answer:
A B C D E
Topics:
Homeotic Genes and Cancer Bacteria and Viruses Health and The Environment Blood clotting How the Eyes work Nutrition and Calorific Value Bones Anatomy Immune Response Healthy Foundations Pathology Confusion, Dementia, & Alzheimers Disease Effects of Exercise on the Musculoskeletal System Heart Healthcare Systems and Insurance Gene Expression
Other quiz: Genes, Genomes & Alleles
What year was the Human Genome Project (HGP) started?
A. 1990
B. 1999
C. 2003
D. 1987


Content
Welcome to the CJU website » LOG IN
Details
Fracture of the penis: a radiological or clinical diagnosis? A case series and literature review
Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
Apr 2009 (Vol. 16, Issue 2, Pages( 4568 - 4575)
PMID: _PHONE_
Abstract
Text-Size +
 - INTRODUCTION:
 Fracture of the penis is rare and needs a surgeon's attention for appropriate management. The exact role of diagnostic investigations has not been established. We studied the role of these investigations and the results of surgery. CASE SERIES: Seventeen patients with median age of 36 years (range, 27-72 years) presented to us between 2002 and 2007 with suspected fracture of the penis. The mode of injury was sexual intercourse (15 patients), masturbation (1 patient), and rolling over in bed (1 patient). The median time from injury to presentation was 10 hours (range, 1-144 hours). Clinical evaluation included patient history and examination for all patients, ultrasonography in 6 patients, retrograde urethrography in 6 patients, and magnetic resonance imaging in 1 patient. Fifteen patients underwent immediate surgical exploration, 1 patient was kept under observation, and 1 patient refused surgical exploration. DISCUSSION: Patient history and clinical examination were highly sensitive and accurate in predicting a cavernosal tear, and retrograde urethrography was highly sensitive and accurate in detecting urethral injury. Ultrasonography was highly specific but not sensitive for detecting a cavernosal tear. Radiological investigations did not influence patient management in any of the cases. On surgical exploration, 15 patients had cavernosal tears and 4 also had urethral injuries; all injuries were repaired successfully. One patient had a negative surgical exploration and was diagnosed as having a superficial dorsal vein rupture. One patient had a history suggestive of penile fracture but had a normal clinical examination and was kept under observation. At follow up in a mean of 7.5 months, no patient had erectile dysfunction or penile deformity.
 CONCLUSION:
 Further evaluation beyond taking a patient history and performing a clinical examination is not necessary in most cases for managing patients with suspected penile fracture. Retrograde urethrography may be omitted before surgical exploration, even in cases with suspected urethral injury. Early surgical repair is associated with a good outcome with minimal complications.
Current Issue
December 2018, Vol.25 No.6
canadian journal of urology mobile
canadian journal of urology


Microsoft Patents Realistic Avatars
Microsoft Patents Realistic Avatars
It appears that Microsoft plan on revamping its Avatar system after registering the patent "Avatar Individualised by Physical Characteristics".
Microsofts aim is to eliminate the sense of artificiality, allowing people to see if other players portray themselves as they actually are, as well as encouraging exercise.
The Patent states:
"An Avatar generator for a virtual environment reflects a physiological characteristic of the user, injecting a degree of reality into the capabilities or appearance.
"Thereby, many of the incentives of the real world are replicated in a virtual environment.
"Physiological data that reflect a degree of health of the real person can be linked to rewards of capabilities of a gaming Avatar, an amount of time budgeted to play, or a visible indication.
Thereby, people are encouraged to exercise. Physiological data that reflect the health and perhaps also mood also improve social interaction in virtual environments.
"People seeking to meet and become acquainted with particular types of people are not thwarted by the artificiality of Avatars,"
The data can apparantly be retrieved through the use of physiological monitors that determine heart rate, blood sugar levels etc.
Article from
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 1. Microsoft Patents New Invite System
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 3. Microsoft Changes Increments of Purchasable Microsoft Points
 4. Microsoft Reveal New Xbox Live Feature
 5. Microsoft's Natal to be available on PCs
About the Author


Take the 2-minute tour ×
What are the olfactory chemicals in whiteboard/permanent markers and what do they bind to in the nose, lungs, and brain?
share|improve this question
Anyway... here is one relevant paper on human olfactory receptors. – user132 Dec 16 '11 at 7:31
here's another paper that might shed light on the second part of your question... _URL_ – Dr.Dredel Dec 16 '11 at 8:12
personally i find ethanol and its closest homologs smell'sweet' – www0z0k Dec 16 '11 at 14:03
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1 Answer
The smell of dry erase markers come from the chemicals ethanol, butanol and isopropyl alcohol. Like all chemicals inhaled through the nose, they bind to the Receptor neurons in the located in the back of the nose. The neurons interpret the chemicals using a 'lock-and-key' model but the specific way its coded and perceived in humans is still being researched and the process is not completely understood.
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text:
Engineers, Scientists and Researchers LOVE these INTEGRATED LEDS
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Four Great Options: 120MiniC, 160B Mini, 120E and 500E LED Systems
Ultra-High All Powerful Synchronous Constellation 500F LED (Very, Very bright for R&D Labs & more)
The Constellation 500F offers a high intensity luminous output with sync in allows control from Constellation Access Point controller and is well suited for applications which require quiet and efficient lighting.
Extensive control options include DMX, WiFi, IRIG, Gate, Sync and LAN.
The Constellation 500F comes standard with a LED color temperature of 5000K and 24° beam angle reflector. Optional interchangeable 18-degree beam angle reflectors is also available.
Some Current Customers: Army Research Lab APG. Sandia National Labs. Naval Research
miniConstellation 120 & 160B MiniC (Optional Battery Power)
The miniConstellation 120 offers a high intensity luminous output in a compact form-factor that is optimal for illumination in tight spaces. The unit provides a wide range of operating temperatures thanks to its built-in active cooling. When using several lights in a cluster, such as area illumination, a Constellation Access Point is available to provide power and extensive control options via Ethernet, USB and WiFi®. The miniConstellation120 comes standard with an LED color temperature of 5000K and a 28° beam angle reflector. Optional color temperatures and beam angles are available. Requires accessories. Check packages to operate.
Select model by beam angle
28°, 48°, & 74° 82°
And by color temperature
miniConstellation 120 5000K (Standard) – CCT5000K
Model Color Temp. Beam Angle
2700K – CCT2700K
3000K – CCT3000K
3500K – CCT3500K
4000K – CCT4000K
28° (Standard) – BA28
48° – BA48
74° – BA74
82° – BA82
Constellation Access Point(CAP-1) For 120MiniC and 120w Constellation Heads
The Constellation Access Point is a multi-purpose device suited for operation with the Constellation MiniC120 LED and original 120w Constellation LED luminary heads.
The primary function is that of an 8-port power source providing control with 4 independent channels with pairs of luminary heads sharing each channel.
IDT 120E Series
High intensity LED light for standalone applications
Constellation 120E offers intelligent digital illumination in one economical package. Support for continuous and strobe modes as well as availability in multiple beam angles makes this the perfect multipurpose light. The C120E's sync-in port accepts incoming pulses from a camera or signal generator and sync-out allows for daisy-chaining of multiple luminaires from the Veritas Constellation Series. The Constellation 120E comes standard with a color temperature of 6200K and a 15° beam angle lens.
The Constellation 120E is a self contained LED light head (built in controller). The compact size and high light output make it ideal for a wide range of applications.
- White Light, daylight colour temperature
- Opertating temperature -40 to 70 degC
- 12,700 lumens output (continuous)
- 22,000 lumens output (pulsed)
- Beam angle 15 degrees (std), 28 degrees (optional)
IDT 12LED Head Light System
The 12LED system is offered to those users that require maximum ﬂexibility. The system can conﬁgured with up to 4 compact light heads each comprising a total of 12 ultra bright LED's. The ON/OFF and dimming function programmable via the USB or WIFI interfaces. All 4 light heads are connected to a controller to deliver continuous or pulse operation. The controller allows for independent configuration of intensity of each light head. For applications that require color illumination the lights heads are offered with white, red, green and blue led's. The controller also features automatic detection of the color led's in the12LED heads automatically adjusts its operating condition.
- No Heat Output. Ideal for numerous high speed applications such as material studies, fluid dynamics, animals studies, fuel injection sprays, and bioengineering or any high magnification, looking through glass or lexan, or imaging where tight locations becomes a factor.
- Very Small, Rectangular Design. Easy to start with one or Dual LED system and grow the number of heads.
- Light Output Options. The system features both continuous and for additional light output —Integrated synchronization with a high speed imaging systems.
- Optimized Lighting Output. Designed by high speed imaging manufacturer, IDT, to optimize lighting output.


text:
State can be a tricky thing in every system specially when's manipulated in different places, causes some side-effects, … On mobile apps, it can be especially challenging when we have highly dynamic user interfaces driven by some state(s) and a great example of that are forms where is frequent to see some collapsable rows or entire sections being inserted, removed or even both. Manually managing all of that can be quite complex and most of the times ends up not being sufficiently generic to be reused by every form which increases the effort of not only developing but also maintaining each form within an app. And if that was not enough, there's also the question of reading and understanding precisely the structure of a single form which most of the times are imperative and composed by many components, e.g. delegates, data sources,..., making it even more hard to maintain and modify. FormsKit born as a need to manage a reasonable number of forms in a declarative and composable way through a descriptive state.
FormsKit follows a React-based approach to render and manage a form through a virtual representation which is completely driven by any change in a single core state. This enables deriving an interface for a very specific state instead of patching it manually which requires knowledge of the current state of the form, which can actually be many combinations, to then determine the correspondent transition to reflect the new state. FRP plays an essential role as the base to track any change in the core state and consequently triggering a new form's representation plus notify those changes as a stream of values.
Despite the focus in FormsKit framework, the main goal is to demonstrate how we should change our way of thinking to derive interfaces, and even other states, through a single state instead of doing the other way around, avoiding manual and localised changes which are not easy to understand, maintain and finally test.
About speakerDavid has been working in iOS apps (and sometimes frameworks) in the past 5 years and dived deeply in Swift and FRP in the past 2.5 years being a strong evangelist of both since then. He strongly believes in open source and is also passionate about backend systems. He enjoys not only coding but also teach and discuss different concepts and ideas.


text:
Christopher Columbus Extension Activities
- Grades: 3–5
Make Room for Columbus
No one knows for sure what the Niña, the Pinta, or the Santa Maria looked like. But experts do know that the Santa Maria, Columbus's flagship, was the largest of the three vessels. It was probably about 80 feet long and 23 feet wide, and it carried a crew of 40, including Columbus. (The Niña, Columbus's favorite of the three vessels, held 24 sailors, and the Pinta held the remaining 26 men.) To give kids a sense of the size of the Santa Maria, and of how crowded it would have been, work as a class to measure out a distance 80 feet long and 23 feet wide on your school playground. Mark the area with chalk, tape, or rope, and then ask 40 kids to stand in this space. Remind the class that the deck of the ship was also used to carry food, beverages, the crew's personal belongings, and other supplies. Since there was no room on board ship for beds, the men had to sleep anywhere on deck that they could!
Time to Make a Timer!
How did crewmen aboard the Niña, the Pinta, or the Santa Maria know when it was time to do their chores? They depended on a half-hour sand glass, and the ship's boys who called out the time. "One glass is gone and now the second floweth," the boy on duty would shout. After eight glasses, or four hours, a new boy would come on deck to call out the time. Invite students to make their own sand timers using two plastic soda bottles, salt or sand, masking tape, plastic wrap, and a pin or pen. Have students pour some salt into one of their two bottles, seal the mouth of that bottle by covering it with plastic wrap and attaching the wrap with tape. Then use the pin or pen to puncture a small hole into the plastic wrap. Next, students should firmly tape the mouth of the second bottle over the first one. Students can then turn the bottles over and see how much time it takes for all the salt to run from one bottle into the other. If you like, turn this activity into a "timely" contest by awarding a prize to the child whose sand timer comes closest to measuring exactly 30 seconds or another predetermined amount of time.
What Would You Take On Board?
Personal belongings on Columbus's ships were carried in chests that were about five palms long, three palms wide, and three palms high. (A palm was the measure of length from the thumb to the end of the little finger when the fingers are stretched out.) Have students find or make a box that is approximately this size. Then tell the class to imagine that they are packing as members of Columbus's crew. Ask students to list the items that they would have wanted to take on the voyage. Next, have students estimate whether their belongings would fit in one of these boxes. If not, students will have to cut their lists down even more. Finally, have students share—and compare—their lists with a classmate. What types of items did everyone pack?
Accuracy Not Required
Emphasize to students that many of the measurement tools that Columbus used—from the sand timer and compass to the quadrant and his method of dead reckoning—were imprecise, yet they still helped him to navigate the ocean. Assign a team of students to find out more about each of these tools and/or others. When they're ready, select a spokesperson from each team to explain to the class the tool's purpose, how Columbus used it, and how accurate it tended to be. The group should also be prepared to share the names of tools that are used today to serve the same, or a similar function, and to talk about whether the accuracy of these tools has improved.
AND DID YOU KNOW...
Traditionally, Columbus Day is celebrated on October 12, the day that he and his crew supposedly reached land. But that's the date they reached on the old Julian calendar! If you adjust the date to suit the Gregorian calendar that we use today, Columbus actually landed in the Americas on October 21, 1492.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Friday, July 17, 2015
How Many Monks?
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how many monks riddle
There's a monastry of fifty monks that have taken a vow of silence. They go through the same routine every day. They wake up, pray. They go to lunch, their only meal of the day, were they all sit round a big circular table, and eat a simple meal. Then they go back to their rooms and pray. Then they fall asleep.
One day, the head monk of the area comes to visit. He's a bit different - he's allowed to talk and has a life outside the monastry. He tells them that there is currently a plague ravaging the land. People everywhere are dying. The disease manifests itself as red blotches on the forehead. The blotches are the only manifestation of the disease for three months, whereupon the next stage starts, a horribly painful death.
The head monk tells them that at least one of their midst will have the disease, probably more. Anybody with the disease should kill themselves, to save all of the pain and suffering. By killing themselves, they will restrict the movement of the disease, and will go to heaven. Anybody with the disease will show the first symptoms within a month. The chief monk then leaves. He returns two months later, to find that all of the infected monks have killed themselves, and they all did it on the same day.
Bear in mind the following:
 - They have no mirrors or any other way of seeing themselves
 - The blotches appear only on the forehead and cannot be seen by the monk
 - Infected monks feel no different - the only manifestation of the first part of the disease are the blotches.
 - The monks cannot talk to each other or in any other way communicate.
 - Any monks with the disease will display the blotches within a month of the head monk leaving.
 - At least one monk definitely has the disease.
 - The monks only see each other once per day, at lunch, when they are all sat round the round table.
 - These monks are brighter than the average monk....
How did they know whether or not they were infected and why did they all kill themselves on the same day?
How Many Monks? Puzzle Solution
The way they work this out and the reason it happens on the same day is as follows. It is important to note that not only are the monks intelligent but they all know all their fellow monks are as well.
Start with one monk:
He knows he is the only one who can have the disease so he kills himself on
day 1.
Then two monks:
They know that either one of them has the disease or both do. If monk1
doesn't see the mark of the disease on monk2 then he will realise that he
must have it so will kill himself. If he sees the mark then he knows that
monk2 will following the same reasoning and kill himself. If the next day
the other monk is still alive then he realises that the other monk must have
seen the mark on him and so they both have the disease and he must kill
himself. Both follow the same reasoning and kill themselves on day 2.
Three monks:
If only one of the monks has the disease he will see no mark on the other
two and so diagnose himself. He will kill himself on day one. If two monks
have the disease then they will each see one monk with the mark and one
without. When they see each other again the next day they will deduce that
the monk they see with the mark would only not have killed himself if he
could see someone else with the mark. They know it is not the third monk so
it must be them. Both diseased monks follow the same reasoning and kill
themselves on day two. If all three monks have the disease then they are all
in the same position as the healthy monk in looking on in the previous
example. Each of them can see two diseased men. When they haven't both
killed themselves on day two there can be only one reason - the viewing monk
must have the mark as well. All taking the same reasoning they all kill
themselves on day three.
And so on...
N monks all with the disease will all kill themselves on day N.
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Post a Comment


Sports Training and Readiness Testing
What is Sports Training and Readiness Testing (START Assessment)?
This assessment is a series of research-based physical measures that assess your general function, used to discover and correct impairments that lead to injury. We will help you determine the next safe steps to take toward wellness that is unique to your body and life journey. Once assessed, you are given a report that shows your overall START score, which establishes a baseline for designing a program to improve your health.
Why should you choose us for Sports Training and Readiness Testing?
Reduce Pain and Improve Mobility
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text:
Measuring Economic Growth from Outer Space
AbstractGDP growth is often measured poorly for countries and rarely measured at all for cities or subnational regions. We propose a readily available proxy: satellite data on lights at night. We develop a statistical framework that uses lights growth to augment existing income growth measures, under the assumption that measurement error in using observed light as an indicator of income is uncorrelated with measurement error in national income accounts. For countries with good national income accounts data, information on growth of lights is of marginal value in estimating the true growth rate of income, while for countries with the worst national income accounts, the optimal estimate of true income growth is a composite with roughly equal weights. Among poor-data countries, our new estimate of average annual growth differs by as much as 3 percentage points from official data. Lights data also allow for measurement of income growth in suband supranational regions. As an application, we examine growth in Sub Saharan African regions over the last 17 years. We find that real incomes in non-coastal areas have grown faster by 1/3 of an annual percentage point than coastal areas; non-malarial areas have grown faster than malarial ones by 1/3 to 2/3 annual percent points; and primate city regions have grown no faster than hinterland areas. Such applications point toward a research program in which "empirical growth" need no longer be synonymous with "national income accounts."
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Bibliographic InfoPaper provided by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc in its series NBER Working Papers with number 15199.
Date of creation: Jul 2009
Date of revision:
Contact details of provider:
Postal: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
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Other versions of this item:
- E01 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General - - - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth; Environmental Accounts
- O47 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Measurement of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence
- Q1 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture
- R11 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:
- NEP-AGR-2009-08-02 (Agricultural Economics)
- NEP-ALL-2009-08-02 (All new papers)
- NEP-EFF-2009-08-02 (Efficiency & Productivity)
- NEP-GEO-2009-08-02 (Economic Geography)
- NEP-URE-2009-08-02 (Urban & Real Estate Economics)
Please report citation or reference errors to, or, if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
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11585, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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- Da Mata, Daniel & Deichmann, Uwe & Henderson, J. Vernon & Lall, Somik V. & Wang, Hyoung Gun, 2005. "Determinants of city growth in Brazil," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3723, The World Bank.
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7591, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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- Richard Tiffin & Xavier Irz, 2006. "Is agriculture the engine of growth?," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 35(1), pages 79-89, 07.
- Sharon L. Maccini & Dean Yang, 2008.
"Under the Weather: Health, Schooling, and Economic Consequences of Early-Life Rainfall,"
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14031, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Sharon Maccini & Dean Yang, 2009. "Under the Weather: Health, Schooling, and Economic Consequences of Early-Life Rainfall," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 99(3), pages 1006-26, June.
- Krugman, Paul, 1991.
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University of Chicago Press, vol. 99(3), pages 483-99, June.
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14499, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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- Angus Deaton & Alan Heston, 2008. "Understanding PPPs and PPP-based national accounts," Working Papers 1120, Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Research Program in Development Studies..
- Angus Deaton & Alan Heston, 2009. "Understanding PPPs and PPP-based national accounts," Working Papers 1186, Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Research Program in Development Studies..
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American Economic Review,
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text:
- The statue of liberty was a gift to people of America from which country?
- Pinpoint the world's oldest democratic country
- The World's largest natural gas deposits are in:
- Which country's Parliament is called mother of parliaments
- Which country has the largest resources of crude oil:
- The Bolshevik revolution is associated with
- MOSAD is a secret agency of
- The status of Liberty was presented to the united states by the people :
- The largest producer of solar energy in the world is:
- Pinpoint the world's oldest democratic country:
- Pope Benedict, the religious leader of Roman Catholic church belongs to:
- Which country's Parliament is called mother of all parliaments
- "Reuters"is the famous news agency of:
- After US, the largest number of Atomic Reactors are in:
- The World's largest copper producer is:
- Which is the second largest oil producer country in the world?
- Which country's Parliament has the largest membership
- Which country suffered the Maximum in the World War II?
- Which of the following countries has the largest area in the world?
- Which country is the 2nd largest oil producer in the world?


text:
Arab weather - affected by the will of God, it is expected that the winds of Saba will activate again in the western parts of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, specifically extending from the north of the city of Jeddah and extending to Tabuk, including parts of Makkah and Madinah.
The activity of this wind will raise dust and dust with varying intensity in some areas, which will significantly reduce the horizontal visibility, especially on external roads in the mentioned areas.
This atmosphere requires respiratory and eye patients to follow the necessary precautions to deal with such weather conditions to avoid complications, God forbid. It also requires drivers and caution while driving due to the expected decrease in the extent of horizontal vision.
It is noteworthy that the Saba winds blow when the interior regions of the Kingdom cool, as the Red Sea regions remain warm and far from the influence of cold air masses, which leads to the activity of these winds locally as a result of the horizontal thermal differences as well as the difference in the value of atmospheric pressure.


text:
October is National Domestic Violence Awareness Month.
Domestic violence thrives when we are silent; but if we take a stand and work together, we can end domestic violence. Throughout the month of October, help NNEDV to raise awareness about domestic violence and join in our efforts to end violence. Here is what you can do:
- Like NNEDV on Facebook and share our 31n31 facts about domestic violence every day.
- Replace your Facebook profile and cover images with NNEDV's images to show that you stand with NNEDV as we remember those who have lost their lives and celebrate those who have survived.
- Read and share NNEDV's weekly blog series. A new blog will be posted every Monday morning throughout the month of October.
- Make a donation to NNEDV in honor of the women in your life who have been impacted by domestic violence.
Technology helps victims and their children successfully flee violent batterers, stalkers and rapists. But what millions don't realize is the dangerous and potentially lethal sides of various technologies in the hands of abusers and perpetrators. NNEDV's Safety Net: Safe & Strategic Technology Project addresses how technology impacts the safety, privacy, accessibility, and civil rights of victims by:
- Educating victims, their advocates and the general public on ways to use technology strategically to help find safety and escape domestic violence, dating violence, sexual violence, stalking and abuse;
- We have two dozen handouts, many in multiple languages at: Technology Safety Resources
- Training law enforcement, social services, coordinated community response teams and others how to hold perpetrators accountable for misusing technology to impersonate, harass, stalk, surveil, and threaten.
- Advocating for strong local, state, national and international policies and practices that ensure the safety, privacy and civil rights of all victims and survivors.
NNEDV's Safety Net Project addresses how technology can be harnessed successfully to do effective outreach, intervention, and violence prevention work.
Since 2002, the Safety Net Project has trained more than 50,000 advocates, police, prosecutors and others. Read more
NNEDV's Census Project runs the U.S. National Census of Domestic Violence Services (Census). This is an annual noninvasive, unduplicated count of adults and children who seek services from U.S. domestic violence shelter programs during a single 24-hour survey period. Conducted by NNEDV, this Census takes into account the dangerous nature of domestic violence by using a survey designed to protect the confidentiality and safety of victims.
- The 6th annual Domestic Violence Counts Census Day was held on Wednesday, September 15, 2011. 89 percent of local domestic violence programs across the United States submitted data. The survey results are highlighted in NNEDV's report: Domestic Violence Counts: 2011. A 24-hour census of domestic violence services.
- The 5th annual Domestic Violence Counts Census Day was held on Wednesday, September 15, 2010. 91 percent of local domestic violence programs across the United States submitted data. The survey results were released January 27, 2011, and are highlighted in the NNEDV report: Domestic Violence Counts: 2010. A 24-hour census of domestic violence shelters and services.
- The fourth annual Census survey was held on Tuesday, September 15, 2009. 83 percent of local domestic violence programs across the U.S. submitted data. The survey results were released March 8, 2010, International Women's Day, and are highlighted in the NNEDV report: Domestic Violence Counts: 2009. A 24-hour census of domestic violence shelters and services.
- The third annual Census was conducted on September 17, 2008. The results are highlighted in the NNEDV report: Domestic Violence Counts: 08. A 24-hour census of domestic violence shelters and services.
- The second annual Census was conducted on September 25, 2007. The results are highlighted in the NNEDV report: Domestic Violence Counts: 07. A 24-hour census of domestic violence shelters and services across the United States.
- After developing and piloting the survey tool in May 2006, NNEDV conducted its first national Census on November 2, 2006. The results are highlighted in the NNEDV report: Domestic Violence Counts. A 24-hour census of domestic violence shelters and services across the United States.
Census Methodology and Understanding the Data:
- The "snapshot" methodology provides an unduplicated count because a victim is unlikely to access services at more than one domestic violence program during a 24-hour period. But does this mean that 65,321 people were victims of domestic violence on the day of the count? Or, since this count was only on one day. Can I multiply it by 365 and get an average estimate of the number of victims who sought services in a year? Read More...
NNEDV News 59
NNEDV's Economic Justice Project works to strengthen victim advocates' financial capabilities to better assist survivors of domestic violence move from short-term safety to long-term security, and to an economically sustainable independent life. NNEDV's Economic Justice Project employs its signature "train-the-trainer" approach to deliver financial literacy lessons to victim advocates across the U.S. NNEDV's Economic Justice Project also uses its exclusive listservs and newsletter to inform victim advocates about personal finance tools, resources, and the most recent research available in the field of financial literacy and capability.
Economic Justice Technical Assistance & Online Resource Platform:
NNEDV's Economic Justice Project delivers financial literacy and economic justice resources and information to its members and the general public via NNEDV's website, exclusive listservs, webinars, presentations and one-one-one technical assistance. The Economic Justice Project also compiles and organizes relevant research on a wide-range of financial literacy topics; and engages in a variety of outreach activities to help give survivors a voice with financial education stakeholders at the national level. This project is greatly enhanced through the ongoing commitment of dedicated partners that support projects to end domestic violence, and to empower survivors with the financial education and economic tools and resources they need to achieve financial independence.
NNEDV's Economic Justice Partnership with The Allstate Foundation:
In partnership with The Allstate Foundation and the U.S. state and territorial coalitions against domestic violence, NNEDV's Economic Justice Project delivers financial literacy information with tools like the Moving Ahead Through Financial Management curriculum, webinars, and grants that support economic justice and empowerment programs for survivors of abuse.
Since 2005 NNEDV's Economic Justice Project has coordinated and provided technical assistance for the following Allstate Foundation grant programs:
- The Moving Ahead Through Financial Management Curriculum Grant Program provides curriculum materials and funding support to state coalitions that work with local programs to train advocates in their state. To date, more than 600 domestic violence victim advocates have been trained to teach survivors financial skills, and thousands of survivors are using this resource nationwide.
- The Moving Ahead Economic Empowerment Grant Program has awarded over $2.3 million to state-wide coalitions against domestic violence to help survivors become economically independent from their abusers and to research domestic violence and economic abuse to support new services. Grant focus areas include matched savings programs, financial education, micro-enterprise and job readiness programs.
Read more about the exciting partnership with NNEDV and the Allstate Foundation Economic Empowerment for Domestic Violence Survivors Program.
In 2010, WomensLaw.org became a project of NNEDV. WomensLaw.org was founded in February 2000 by a group of lawyers, teachers, advocates and web designers interested in seeing the power of the Internet work for more disadvantaged people and specifically for survivors of domestic violence. The mission of WomensLaw.org is to provide easy-to-understand legal information and resources to women living with or escaping domestic violence or sexual assault. By reaching out through the Internet, WomensLaw.org empowers women and girls to lead independent lives, free from abuse.
WomensLaw.org and NNEDV have worked closely together since 2000 to inform survivors of domestic violence about their legal rights and options. With a long history of partnering on technology safety, confidentiality and legal rights projects, the merger of WomensLaw.org and NNEDV formalized our working partnership.
- WomensLaw.org Website: The website provides over 6,000 pages of legal information written specifically for victims of domestic violence and sexual assault. The information, revised in accordance with annual legislative changes, is state-specific and written in plain language so that people can comprehend it without the help of a lawyer. The website also provides tips for working with lawyers and listings for telephone hotlines, local and state programs, court forms and law enforcement.
- Email Legal Hotline: The Email Legal Hotline is a safe, accessible service through which victims, friends, family and advocates can request personalized and anonymous support. Hotline advocates respond to each email, in either English or Spanish, tailoring responses to answer each person's specific needs. The Hotline also supports advocates at local programs by answering their questions with timely, reliable and relevant legal information, helping them support the victims with whom they are working.
For more information or to access these resources, please visit WomensLaw.org.


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English → English (WordNet) Definition: sputter sputter n 1: the noise of something spattering or sputtering explosively; "he heard a spatter of gunfire" [syn: spatter, spattering, splatter, splattering, splutter, sputtering] 2: an utterance (of words) with spitting sounds (as in rage) [syn: splutter] v 1: make an explosive sound; "sputtering engines" 2: cause to undergo a process in which atoms are removed; "The solar wind protons must sputter away the surface atoms of the dust" 3: climb awkwardly, as if by scrambling [syn: clamber, scramble, shin, shinny, skin, struggle] 4: utter with a spitting sound, as if in a rage [syn: splutter] 5: spit up in an explosive manner [syn: splutter, spit out]
English → English (gcide) Definition: Sputter Sputter \Sput"ter\, v. t. To spit out hastily by quick, successive efforts, with a spluttering sound; to utter hastily and confusedly, without control over the organs of speech. [1913 Webster] In the midst of caresses, and without the least pretended incitement, to sputter out the basest accusations. --Swift. [1913 Webster] Sputter \Sput"ter\, n. Moist matter thrown out in small detached particles; also, confused and hasty speech. [1913 Webster] Sputter \Sput"ter\ (sp[u^]t"t[~e]r), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sputtered (-t[~e]rd); p. pr. & vb. n. Sputtering.] [From the root of spout or spit to eject from the mouth. Cf. Splutter.] 1. To spit, or to emit saliva from the mouth in small, scattered portions, as in rapid speaking. [1913 Webster] 2. To utter words hastily and indistinctly; to speak so rapidly as to emit saliva. [1913 Webster] They could neither of them speak their rage, and so fell a sputtering at one another, like two roasting apples. --Congreve. [1913 Webster] 3. To throw out anything, as little jets of steam, with a noise like that made by one sputtering. [1913 Webster] Like the green wood... sputtering in the flame. --Dryden. [1913 Webster]
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A guide to RTC programming
RTC programming flow
RTC programming flow
OpenRTM-aist is a framework to support the easy development of RT-Components (RTCs), modularising existing source code and libraries or newly developed software. The following figure shows the RT-Component development flow.
ComponentDevelFlow.png
RT-Component development flow.
Usually, a component developer embeds existing library functions, class libraries, etc. to create a component using the framework. Through this, they create an RT-Component using existing resources, allowing considerable software reuse. RT-Components can be deployed into a network and used as distributed objects.
As shown in the figure above, RT-Components created in using the RT-Component framework can be realised as two kinds of binary files. A stand-alone RT-Component is an executable binary. A loadable module RT-Component is a dynamically-loadable shared library. RT-Components can be created, distributed and executed in these two ways.
The basics of RTC programming
There are some differences between standard programming and programming RT-Components.
Program without a main function
Unlike common programs, there is no "main" function in an RT-Component. An RT-Component is implemented as a class that inherits from a special base class.
The logic of an RT-Component is implemented in known member functions that override the same members of the base class. For example, the initialisation logic is implemented in the onInitialize member function, while the termination logic is implemented in the onFinalize member function.
 ReturnCode_t MyComponent::onInitialize()
 {
 // Initialization code.
 }
 ReturnCode_t MyComponent::onFinalize()
 {
 // Finalization code.
 }
In order to understand when these functions will be executed, it is necessary to understand the life cycle of an RT-Component.
Component lifecycle
The set of states an RT-Component travels through from creation to destruction is called its life cycle. The folowing three basic states exist:
 - Created
 - Alive
 - End
The "Alive" state has several internal states, discussed later.
As mentioned above, a component is implemented as a class. This makes instantiating a component the same as instantiating a class. RT-Components are typically created by a manager (the RTC manager), and the manager is responsible for the component's life cycle.
Specifically, the manager calls the onInitialize function after creating the instance of an RT-Component. When an RT-Component has finished, the manager calls the onFinalize function. Thus, an RT-Component is programmed by describing the logic for every necessary call-back (called component actions) assigned to the states in the life cycle of RT-Component.
Execution context
Usually when a program is executed, an operating system process is created for that program to execute in. A robot program has a processing loop executed by that operating system process. This processes sensor data or controls actuators. The logic for performing such processing or controlling is called the "core logic" in an RT-Component.
After creation, an RT-Component enters the Alive state. A thread is then assigned and it begins to execute the component. This thread is called the execution context. In actuality, the execution context is not a thread but an object with its own execution cycle and state. When an RT-Component is created, it is assigned to an execution context, which then exectutes the RT-Component's core logic. This causes the RT-Component to carry out its purpose - such as controlling a robot.
State transitions of an RTC
As mentioned above, an RT-Component has states and logic, called component actions, assigned to the states and transitions. The following figure shows the state transition diagram of an RT-Component.
RTCStateMachine040.png
The state machine of an RT-Component.
Created and Alive are states of an RT-Component. The Alive state has sub-states.
Stopped and running states
Let's begin with the upper part of the state machine, with the Stopped and Running states in the Alive state.
RTCStateMachineStartStop.png
Stopped state and running state of an RTC.
These states indicate whether the execution context thread is stopped or running.
When an execution context in the stopped state receives a start event, it executes the onStartup state action of the RTCs and enters the running state. When a running execution context receives a stop event, it executes the onShutdown state action of the RTCs and enters the stopped state.
The core logic is executed in the running state, and no actions are executed in the stopped state.
Active/Inactive states
The lower part of the alive state is the core logic states active, inactive and error.
An RT-Component is in the inactive state immediatly after creation. When it is activated, the onActivate state action will be called and the component will enter the active state. During the active state, the onExecute state action is repeatedly called. Usually, the main logic of an RTC is implemented in onExecute. For example, typical robot processing tasks such as reading data from sensors and controlling motors based on the data received from other components will be described in onExecute callback function.
An RTC remains in the active state until it becomes inactive or an error occurs. When it is inactived, onDeactivate is called, and it moves to the inactive state. When an error occurs in the core logic, onAborting is called and the RTC enters the error state.
When an RTC changes to the error status, it remains in the error state until an external reset is performed. onError is continuously called during the error state in place of onExecute. onReset is called when a reset is performed. If onReset is succesful in restoring the component, the RTC shifts back to the inactive state, from where it can be activated again. If onReset fails, the RTC remains in the error state.
RTCStateMachineActiveInactive.png
Inactive, Active and Error states.
Summary of Actions
An RT-Component developer must consider which logic to implement in each state. Un-used states do not require functions to be implemented. Only those functions being used should be overridden.
The table below gives the function and role of each state action.
onInitialize Initialisation. It is called only once when the component life cycle is initialised.
onActivated Called once each time the component transitions to the active state.
onExecute Called while in the active state depending on the execution context used.
onDeactivated Called once each time the component transitions to the inactive state from the active state.
onAborting Called once whenever entering the onError state.
onReset Called once each time the component is reset from the error state to the inactive state.
onError Called while in the error state.
onFinalize Called once at the end of the component's life cycle.
onStateUpdate Called every time after onExecute.
onRateChanged Called when the rate of execution changes.
onStartup Called when the execution context starts.
onShutdown Called when the execution context stops.
Data Port (Basic)
What is a data port?
A data port is a port for continuous data exchange between RTCs. A data port that sends data to other RTCs is called an OutPort, and a data port which receives from other RTCs is called an InPort. OutPort and InPort together are termed data ports.
dataport_en.png
Data port (InPort and OutPort)
RTCs can be written in a various progamming languages and distributed across a network or all run locally, or even within the same process. Communication between data ports can be carried out transparently no matter where or how the other end of the connection is implemented.
An RTC can have any number of data ports. For example, making an RTC that obtains output from a sensor requires at least one OutPort to provide the data.
On the other hand, if you make a motor component that drives a motor according to the given reference torque, this component must have at least one InPort to receive reference torque data. If you make a controller component by using these components, it must have an InPort to receive sensor data, and an InPort to receive reference data and an OutPort to output torque data respectively.
dataport_example_en.png
An example of data ports of a sensor, a controller and a motor.
Let's look at a simple example of InPort and OutPort ports in actual code. Each object functions as follows.
 - encoderDevice: An object to control hardware (e.g. a counter borad) to
 get the current angle from an encoder.
 - encoderData: A variable to hold data of an encoder. We assume that
 this variable has a field called "data" to hold encoder data.
 - encoderDataOut: An OutPort object. This object is associated with the
 encoderData object.
 // An example of a encoder component
 encoderData.data = encoderDevice.read(); // getting current value from counter
 encoderDataOut.write(); // Data output from the OutPort
On the first line, the current value of the encoder is read using the read() function of the device object. The received value is written into encoderData.data


Unit interface
Interface on CNC-machining centres for the connection with change-over units.
Various Designs
Torque support
 - Simple device for fixing the gearbox of angular aggregates
 - Processing only in a fix angle
Special type
Some machines are equipped with more than one torque support. Furthermore, the change positions of the 'tool changers' are characterised by the torque supports that are arranged at different angles. So, angular aggregates can be exchanged at different angles. This system is rarely used due to complicated tool handling.
C-axis as positioning axis
Positionning of the torque support and consequently inclusion of the aggregate is possible at any angle by the means of a gearbox and a servomotor.
Changing the positioning angle during the motion of other axes (interpolation) is not possible.
Interface with interpolating C-axis
The torque support can be turned through 360 degrees around the main spindle, driven by a servomotor. This rotary motion is adjustable in order to enable simultaneous mouvements and interpolation with the other axes. Thus, for example, horizontal milling is possible with permanently changeable angle.
Interface with pneumatics and electronics
By the means of integrated interfaces, aggregates can be supplied with compressed air and control signals. In consequence, there is a wide range of other applications (e.g. edgebanding).
Special type for 4./5. axis
In the late 2000s, several manufacturers developed interfaces for special change-over units, which provide a 5th positioning axis by using the drive of the C-axis (or a different CNC-axis).
Examples:
Models of aggregate interfaces, appropriate for CNC- machine manufacturers:
Images
Aggregateschnittstelle mit Pneumatik- u. Elektronikversorgung...
HOMAG, 2002
... und ein passendes Aggregat
HOMAG, 2002
Versch. Aggregateschnittstellen
HOMAG
Verschiedene Aggregateschnittstellen
BENZ, 2018


text:
Previous Bayesian phylogeographic studies of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) explored the origin and spread of the epidemic from China into Russia, indicating that HPAIV circulated in Russia prior to its detection there in 2005. In this study, we extend this research to explore the evolution and spread of HPAIV within Europe during the 2005–2010 epidemic, using all available sequences of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene regions that were collected in Europe and Russia during the outbreak. We use discrete-trait phylodynamic models within a Bayesian statistical framework to explore the evolution of HPAIV. Our results indicate that the genetic diversity and effective population size of HPAIV peaked between mid-2005 and early 2006, followed by drastic decline in 2007, which coincides with the end of the epidemic in Europe. Our results also suggest that domestic birds were the most likely source of the spread of the virus from Russia into Europe. Additionally, estimates of viral dispersal routes indicate that Russia, Romania, and Germany were key epicenters of these outbreaks. Our study quantifies the dynamics of a major European HPAIV pandemic and substantiates the ability of phylodynamic models to improve molecular surveillance of novel AIVs.
Bibliographical notePublisher Copyright:
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
- Bayesian inference
- Highly pathogenic avian influenza
- Phylodynamic models


NAME Test::Deep::DateTime::RFC3339 - Test RFC3339 timestamps are within a certain tolerance SYNOPSIS use Test::Deep; use Test::Deep::DateTime::RFC3339; my $now = DateTime->now; my $record = create_record(...); cmp_deeply $record, { created => datetime_rfc3339($now, '5s') }, 'Created is within 5 seconds of current time'; DESCRIPTION Test::Deep::DateTime::RFC3339 provides a single function, "datetime_rfc3339", which is used with Test::Deep to check that the string value gotten is an RFC3339-compliant timestamp. It can also check if the timestamp is equal to, or within optional tolerances of, an expected timestamp. RFC3339 was chosen because it is a sane subset of ISO8601's kitchen-sink. FUNCTIONS datetime_rfc3339 Without arguments, the value is only checked to be a parseable RFC3339 timestamp. Otherwise, this function takes a DateTime object or an RFC3339 timestamp string parseable by DateTime::Format::RFC3339 as the required first argument and a DateTime::Duration object or a DateTime::Format::Duration::DurationString-style string (e.g. "5s", "1h 5m", "2d") representing a duration as an optional second argument. The second argument is used as a ± tolerance centered on the expected datetime. If a tolerance is provided, the timestamp being tested must fall within the closed interval for the test to pass. Otherwise, the timestamp being tested must match the expected datetime. All comparisons and date math are done in UTC, as advised by "How-DateTime-Math-Works" in DateTime. If this causes problems for you, please tell me about it via bug-Test-Deep-DateTime-RFC3339 *at* Returns a Test::Deep::DateTime::RFC3339 object, which is a Test::Deep::Cmp, but you shouldn't need to care about those internals. You can, however, reuse the returned object if desired. Exported by default. BUGS Please report bugs via email to "" or via the web on. AUTHOR Thomas Sibley COPYRIGHT This software is copyright (c) 2014- by the Mullins Lab, Department of Microbiology, University of Washington. LICENSE This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. SEE ALSO Test::Deep DateTime DateTime::Duration DateTime::Format::RFC3339 RFC3339


text:
Calculate the Lunar Eclipses for a given Year
Arduino is a powerful tool for programming and interfacing with hardware. But, it is also a powerful programmable computer with a built in ability to use your computer keyboard and display as input and output. Let's take advantage of this by writing a program that calculates the lunar eclipses for a given year. This program will cover how to input data into Arduino using the Serial Monitor, how to perform the computations, and how to return the information to the user using the Serial Monitor.
A lunar eclipse happens when the earth is between the sun and moon and the moon moves into the shadow cast into space by the earth.
The program calculates the dates of the full moons and checks to see if the moon is in the correct place at these times to move into the Earth's shadow. It then reports all of the occurrences and the magnitudes of umbra and penumbra eclipsing.
Download the code here:
Download the code and load it into the Arduino IDE. Select the correct board and download the program. Open the Serial Monitor and select 'NEWLINE' in the lower right dropdown box. Enter the year as a 4 digit value. The program will calculate the eclipsess, and display them.


text:
Established: 14 June 1948 through a 1650 acre transfer from the New York Department
of Conservation (NYSDEC) in exchange for the College's Salamanca Forest in Cattaraugus
SVEND O. HEIBERG MEMORIAL FOREST
Current Area: 3900 acres in Cortland and Onondaga Counties; Towns of Truxton, Preble,
Fabius, and Tully.
Purpose: To provide a field laboratory setting within which students, faculty,
and staff of SUNY-ESF can conduct educational, reasearch and demonstration
activities as chartered under the State Education Law.
- ClassroomsFour with capacities of 30 to 100.
- Research Structures- 9
- Support Structures- 11
- Road System- 18.9 miles
- Trail System-12.6 miles
- Allegheny Hardwoods-1395 acres
- Conifer Plantations- 1640 acres
- Open and Brushy Areas- 590 acres
- Miscellaneous- 245 acres
- Water- 30 acres
Genetic election and improvement
Christmas tree production
- Ruffed grouse habitat management
- Beaver population dynamics
- Pond fishery dynamics
- Watershed Management
94 species of birds reside or visit annually
32 species of mammals have been ID'd
6 species of fish are in the forest
- The forest sustains an estimated 19.5 cubic million feet of wood
with an estimated value of six million dollars.
- This forest is actively managed for the perpetual production of
quality forest products.
Public Sercive and DemonstrationRevised June 1994
- self-guided nature trail
- permit fishing program
- cross-county skiing program
- birding and hiking
- maple syrup production
- Christams Tree Production
- hunting in season


text:
A pennant can be used as an entry pattern for the continuation of an established trend. The formation usually occurs after a sharp price movement that can contain gaps (known as the mast or pole of the pennant) where the pennant represents a period of indecision at the midpoint of the full move, consolidating the prior leg. The price is contained by a small symmetrical triangle that begins wide and converges to a point as the pattern develops.
Bullish pennants can form after an uptrend, bearish pennants can form after a downtrend. The pattern has completed when price breaks out of the triangle in the direction of the preceding trend, at which point it will likely continue in this direction. Conservative traders may look for additional confirmation of the trend continuing. The target can be estimated using the technique of measuring the length of the mast and extending it in the direction of the breakout. A common stop level is just outside the pennant on the opposite side of the breakout. Pennants should not be mistaken for triangles
, which are distinct price patterns.


text:
Tigrinya Keyboard Plugin
by: Honso • 398
Dictionary plugin for Multiling O Keyboard autocorrect and word prediction
Install this plugin and Multiling O Keyboard. _URL_
Run O Keyboard and follow its setup guide.
Slide space bar to switch languages.
If you have font issue, read this: _URL_
Tigrinya, often written as Tigrigna /tɪˈɡriːnjə/ (ትግርኛ, tigriñā) is an Afro-Asiatic language, belonging to the family's Semitic branch. It is spoken by ethnic Tigray-Tigrinya in the Horn of Africa. Tigrigna speakers primarily inhabit the Tigray Region in northern Ethiopia (57%), where its speakers are called Tigrawot ("Tigrāweyti"(female ) or "Tigraway"(male) -singular- and "Tegaru" -plural-), as well as the contiguous borders of southern and central Eritrea (43%), where speakers are known as the Tigrigna. Tigrigna is also spoken by groups of emigrants from these regions, including some Beta Israel.
Tigrigna should not be confused with the related Tigre language. The latter Afro-Asiatic language is spoken by the Tigre people, who inhabit the lowland regions of Eritrea to the north and west of the Tigrigna speech area.
Tags: multiling keyboard tigrina , multiling tastatur tigrina , tigrinya tastatur


text:
The Aerodynamics of a Jet in a Crossflow
NAVAL AIR DEVELOPMENT CENTER WARMINSTER PA AIRCRAFT AND CREW SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY DIRECTORATE
Pagination or Media Count:
The aerodynamics of a jet in a crossflow considered as the key problem in transition aerodynamics for VSTOL aircraft has been reviewed. Experimental results on the flow structure of the jet, the contrarotating vortices, the jet entrainment phenomenon, and the surface pressure distributions have been analyzed. The influences on these characteristics by the jet parameters such as the velocity ratio, injection angle and jet orifice shape have been considered based on available measurements. In the theoretical area, particular attention has been directed to the methods of prediction and analysis, and the fundamental physical bases of these methods. Current developments in transition aerodynamics, and some recent work on the formation of contrarotating vortices and the wake flow are described.
- Fluid Mechanics


text:
Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the tissue retraction and gingival healing in pulsed laser (diode 980 nm and Nd:YAG 1064 nm lasers) gingival retraction in comparison with the conventional mechanical or surgical techniques (double cord and electrosurgery). Materials and Methods: A group of 103 adult patients, 45 women, 58 men (mean age 42, range 19 to 52 years) scheduled for fixed and implant prosthetic rehabilitation was recruited, and four impression techniques were compared: the double cord technique, the electrosurgery technique, the 980-nm diode and the 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser technique. Patient were randomly placed into four groups according to impression-taking technique. Thirty impressions were taken in each group, for a total of 110 elements each. The preferred impression materials were addition silicones (polyvinyl siloxanes) (2nd generation). The outcome was measured by the bleeding index (during the impression taking and after 15 days) and gingival retraction (after 15 and 30 days). Results: Compared to the conventional techniques, both laser techniques proved to be less aggressive in terms of absence of gingival bleeding (99.2% vs 92.7%). There were also fewer cases of gingival retraction than with the conventional technique (2.2% vs 10%). Conclusion: This study suggests that the laser technique can be valuable for implant prosthetic rehabilitation. While both the conventional and laser techniques are satisfactory in achieving gingival retraction, the laser techniques may be less traumatic to the periodontal tissue.
Keywords: impression techniques, diode 980 nm laser, Nd:YAG laser, electrosurgery, polyvinyl siloxanes, gingival retraction, oral soft tissue surgery


text:
Awesome Ideas to Decorate your Kids' Room with DIY Owl Shapes
Decorating your kids' room using jungle or any natural theme will be perfect with the suitable shapes of the crafted owls. You can create simple or complex owls to be placed on the tables, shelves, walls, or even the doors to enhance the look of the room.
The simple and cute owls can be an amusing project; especially if you can encourage your children to help you. For example, you can design a paper bag owl using just a brown paper launch bag as a body, two brown construction pieces of paper for the wings, black and yellow markers for the eyes and feather, and glue.
This owl can be placed on the shelf of your kids' room to keep the room alive. If you have a piece of socks, brown and yellow small fabrics for the face and eyes, brown foam, and certainly a glue gun; you will need little creativity to create a small-sized owl to decorate your or even your kids' nightlights.
If you need more complex owl DIY designs, the bobble head owl cup craft will be your best choice. Such an owl will need a colorful party cup for the head, dot stickers for the front part of the body, brass brad fasteners, a hole of punch, and colorful pieces of paperin addition to your creativity and accuracy. You can let your children choose their favorite owl shapes using owl wall stickers.
You can sew crocheted owls to decorate your baby nursery as he or she will be interested with their colors and shapes. You will just create a circular body using soft and colorful wool and use white fabrics, black eyes, and yellow nose in the face. These cute owls will be the best and easiest to do decorating items in your kids' room.
Pics Via : tallview


text:
Iowa Organic Association hosting transition workshops; one in Fairfield
AMES — Iowa Organic Association will hold three winter workshops for farmers considering a transition to organic production.
Workshops will be held March 3 in Fairfield, March 10 in Storm Lake and March 11 in Cedar Falls. Each workshop is from 10 a.m. to 2:30 p.m.
The $10 cost includes lunch.
Registration is open at _URL_
Iowa Organic Association Organic Transition Workshop speakers include:
- Margaret Smith. She works for Iowa State University as a value-added agriculture Extension specialist in addition to co-managing an organic grain, forage, and livestock farm near Hampton. Her education includes a master's degree from Iowa State University in crop production and physiology and a doctorate degree from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in crop ecology and production.
- Paul Mugg. He is an organic farmer from Sutherland. He grew up on the farm where he now lives and works. He attended Iowa State University and worked as an engineer before returning to the family farm in 1976. He is a lifelong environmentalist and his farm management has been a progression from conventional, to sustainable, to completely organic since 2001.
According to the Iowa Organic Association, there is a growing demand for U.S.-grown organic field crops and now is a prime time to consider transitioning a portion of commodity acres to organic production.
Farmers considering a transition to organic production will learn about the economics of organic transition, weed management on organic farms, and crop insurance options for transitioning and certified organic crops during the workshop.
For more information, contact the Iowa Organic Association at _PHONE_ or email Toby Cain at _EMAIL_.
The Iowa Organic Association is a nonprofit 501(c)3 organization dedicated to the advancement of Iowa's organic food and farming system. The association was founded in 2006 and serves as an umbrella association to represent all of Iowa's organic farmers, gardeners, food and farm businesses and consumers in building a more sustainable Iowa.
The workshop series is made possible by Iowa Organic Association with help from the USDA's Risk Management Agency.


text:
Kappas (kawatarō 河童/川太郎，literally means river child) are the most mischievous and mysterious water-typed demon in traditional Japanese folklore. They are distinguished by having a small pool of water suspended on their flat hairless head to indicate their habitat and life force. Their appearance is described as similar to the look of a frog or monkey the size of a human child. More than that, their scaly reptilian skins can be green, yellow or blue. Their physical features include a shell and beak. They could swim in water like fish. They would lose all of their powers and may even die if they ever dry out. Modern culture tends to portray them as a cute and harmless creature. However, during the Edo period, this humanoid sprite was viewed as vicious and ferocious. They would dwell in lakes, rivers and other swampy areas to wait for their prey. Children and women were most likely to become their victims. Kappa would drown them, drink their blood, eat their livers and take away their shirikodama (尻子玉), which translates literally as "small anus ball". This is the strangest part of this folktale. It is believed to be a mythical ball that contains the soul of a human and it can grant the kappa magnificent powers.
Folklorist/manga artist Mizuki Shigeru wrote:
"Ever since I was a child I heard that I had to be careful in the water because the kappa would try and take my shirikodama. It was said that in the water, a kappa would come from below, extend an arm upwards and stick a hand up your anus to extract the ball."
As the example above suggested, Kappa is also used as a warning to keep children aware of the danger of drowning in lakes and rivers.
One of the most interesting facts about them is that cucumber is their traditional favorite meal. So if you ever meet a kappa in your life, you should bribe them with a cucumber they would promise to fulfill all of your wishes and you can protect yourself from being killed.
I hope you enjoy this post! o(‧"‧)o