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In Oracle if you want to store a small value, such as a one digit code (e.g. 0, 1, 2, 3 4, or Null; or Null, or 1; or 1, or 2), what is the space optimal way to store such a value. Currently I'm looking at a system where it was decided to store these values as VARCHAR2(11 CHAR), but it seems like the wrong option for a column type. From the online Oracle documentation and the almighty Google it seems like the more space optimal storage option with be CHAR(1) as it seems to be the smallest on disk type.
Am I completely wrong in my thinking or doesn't it not matter either way?
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It's a number. Use a NUMBER. – Phil Feb 5 '13 at 16:45
_USER_ From my understanding of the Oracle documention link a NUMBER(1) is stored as two BYTEs verus CHAR(1) which is stored as one BYTE. – Eric Day Feb 5 '13 at 16:52
How many rows do you expect? – dezso Feb 5 '13 at 16:55
_USER_ Only in the 10's of millions every three months. Though there are roughly 70 columns that have this type of data. – Eric Day Feb 5 '13 at 17:06
how much percent of space will you save in your database by defining these columns as CHAR(1) instead of NUMBER(1)? – miracle173 Feb 5 '13 at 17:16
1 Answer 1
up vote 7 down vote accepted
The documentation states the size of datatypes here.
0 (the number) is stored as 1 byte. Other single digit numbers will be stored in 2 bytes (one for the exponent, one for the mantissa). You can test this yourself by creating a test table and using the VSIZE() function on test data (doc link).
A CHAR(n) will be stored in n bytes.
I'd always store numbers in a NUMBER. Unless you're dealing with trillions of rows, the space saving will not be significant enough.
share|improve this answer
Is there an advantage as stroing it as a number? I agree about storing numbers as numbers, but there are not really numbers. That is to say, the numbers are really just codes for other values, like Male/Female, Yes/No, etc. So though it's a numeric representation it's not really a number, it's more an alias. – Eric Day Feb 5 '13 at 17:12
_USER_ but it's still a number representing a foreign key to another table that uses a number as a primary key. And putting numeric data in string fields is a pretty terrible idea for a variety of reasons, not least of which are lack of data integrity, increased space on disk, and funky sorting – JNK Feb 5 '13 at 17:18
_USER_ The irony is that there are no forign key's in this case. This is just how the buiness data is stored. – Eric Day Feb 5 '13 at 17:29
_USER_ you have my sympathies then – JNK Feb 5 '13 at 17:32
Your Answer


Initializing the Peripheral Trigger Generator
To initialize the PTG the following steps should be considered:
Initialize the MCU Peripherals
The Peripheral Trigger Generator (PTG) coordinates and sequences events between selected peripherals. The PTG works with the Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC), the Output Compare/Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) module, all General Purpose Timers, and the MCU's Interrupt Controller.
The mechanisms used to coordinate peripheral activities are triggers and Interrupt Requests (IRQs). The PTG can be programmed to either output a trigger, or to generate a PTG IRQ, based upon a trigger received from another peripheral. Successful sequencing depends upon careful coordination of the initialization of the PTG and PTG-monitored peripherals. Peripherals used in PTG sequences must be programmed to accept the appropriate PTG trigger(s) and, when needed, send a trigger to the PTG.
Example of Coordinating Trigger Assignments
The PTG on the dsPIC33EP256GP506 is capable of sending a trigger to the Output Compare (OC) module. This PTG-generated trigger can serve as the OC module's clock or sync signal. The OC module can also generate a trigger signal for the PTG to monitor. The OC module generated trigger is seen by the PTG as either OC1 or OC2 trigger.
To allow a PTG generated trigger to be the clock source for the OC module, OCxCON1 must be programmed.
OCxCON2 can be programmed to allow a PTG generated trigger to synchronize the OC module. For sequences in which the PTG generates IRQ, it is imperative that the MCU's interrupt controller be initialized so that the PTG IRQs are enabled.
Please consult the datasheet for the MCU you are using to verify the initialization requirements.
Accessing PTG Registers
In addition to the registers needed to implement the queue, the Peripheral Trigger Generator (PTG) is controlled by twelve Special Function Registers (SFRs). Although initializing twelve SFRs may appear a daunting task, it is important to realize that not all of the SFRs may need to be initialized. The default settings for the PTG SFRs are non-intrusive. If an SFR controls a parameter not specifically used in a sequence, that SFR does not need to be initialized for the sequence to execute properly.
The PTG SFRs are divided into five categories:
Control and Status Registers
PTGCST Provides overall control and status reporting for the PTG, including Enable/Disable, Start/Stop, and Trigger output type (Toggle or Pulse). This is the only register that can be accessed while the PTG is enabled.
PTGCON Determines the values used for many of the PTG timing parameters such as the clock source, any prescalers on the clock, and the width of the output triggers when the triggers are in Pulse mode. This register also controls the value of the PTG's Watchdog timer which limits the time the PTG will wait for a trigger.
Limit Registers
PTGT0LIM Determines the limit value for PTG Timer 0. Used by PTGCTRL to delay or pause the sequence.
PTGT1LIM Determines the limit value for PTG Timer 1. Used by PTGCTRL to delay or pause the sequence.
PTGSDLIM Sets the number of PTG clock cycles allocated to each step command. Using this register can slow down the speed in which PTG step commands are executed. The use of this Delay timer can be enabled or disabled with the PTGCTRL command.
PTGC0LIM Used to specify the loop count for the PTGJMP0 command.
PTGC1LIM Used to specify the loop count for the PTGJMP1 command
Hold and Adjust Registers
PTGHOLD Used by the PTGCOPY command, this register holds the value to be moved into one of the Limit registers or into the PTG Literal register (PTGL0).
PTGADJ Used by the PTGADD command, this register holds a value to be added to one of the Limit registers or the PTG Literal register (PTGL0).
Literal and Broadcast Registers
PTGL0 Holds a value to be written into the ADC1 channel select register (AD1CHS0). Only used by the PTGCTRL command. AD1CHS0 can also be written with the PTGSTRB command.
PTGBTE When the application wishes to simultaneously broadcast triggers to more than one peripheral (PTGCTRL command with OPTION = 0b1111), this register contains the list of triggers to generate.
PTG Queue Registers
PTGQPTR Points to the current step command being executed. When the PTG is enabled, this register is set to the first entry in the step queue.
These registers are the queue in which the step commands are located.
To prevent unintentional modifications to PTG operations caused by spurious writes to the PTG SFRs, the PTG Status and Control Register (PTGCST) is the only register that can be written to while the PTG is enabled. To modify PTG SFRs, other than PTGCST, you must ensure that the PTG is disabled (i.e. verify PTGCST<15> = 0).
Initializing the Limit, Hold, and Adjust Registers
Limit Registers
Limit registers are used by step commands to control sequence timing.
PTGT0LIM and PTGT1LIM are used to insert one-time pauses into a sequence. The Peripheral Trigger Generator Control (PTGCTRL) step command has an option that will start either PTG Timer0 or PTG Timer1, then wait until the value of the timer equals the value of its Limit register. When the values are equal to each other, control is passed to the next step command in the queue.
The Step Delay Limit (PTGSDLIM) register is used to insert a temporary and repeatable delay for every step command in a sequence. The value loaded into PTGSDLIM is the number of PTG clocks needed to execute a single step command. When enabled, PTGSDLIM will cause the time period between successive step commands to be longer. When this register is disabled, all step commands will execute at the speed of the designated PTG clock. PTGSDLIM can be enabled or disabled using an option of the PTGCTRL step command.
PTGC0LIM and PTGC1LIM are loop counters for the conditional jump commands (PTGJMPC0 and PTGJMPC1). Using two loop counters allows a single level of nesting.
Example Of a Nested Loop Using the PTGCxLIM Registers
In this example, if PTGC0LIM = 3 and PTGC1LIM = 8, then the following commands would be executed before control is passed to the command in Step 5:
 - The step command loaded into Step 1 will execute 24 (3 x 8) times.
 - The step command loaded into Step 3 will execute 8 times.
 - All Limit registers can be initialized with a simple assignment statement when the PTG is disabled. For example, PTGSDLIM = 7.
 - During run-time, the value of any Limit register can be modified by the use of PTGCOPY or PTGADD step commands.
Adjust Register
The PTGADD step command will add the value of the literal stored in PTGADJ to a Limit register. The particular Limit register to be modified is passed in the command's OPTION field. Modifying the Limit registers allows sequences to incrementally adjust the timing of generated triggers.
Hold Register
The PTGCOPY step command moves the content of PTGHOLD into any of the Limit registers. PTGCOPY is typically used to reset a Limit register to its initial value after the register has been modified by PTGADD.
 Learn More
© 2021 Microchip Technology, Inc.


text:
The application of energy-filtered imaging to quantitative elemental mapping of materials is investigated using the newly developed Zeiss 912 TEM. This instrument is equipped with a magnetic omega filtering spectrometer and a slow-scan CCD camera for acquisition of energy-filtered images in digital form suitable for quantitative processing. The high beam current available on this machine permits elemental maps with over one million pixels of data to be acquired in reasonable time. Experimental conditions required for quantitative large-area elemental mapping are described and several approaches to data processing for quantitative analysis are compared. Concentration ratios in a NiCuCr amination catalyst were determined to within 20% accuracy in favorable cases.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
- Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Several oral history collections at the Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History pertain to various aspects of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States. Topics range from interviews about life under segregation and the desegregation of education to interviews with prominent civil rights activists. These collections explore the collective struggle to end legal segregation as well as discuss individual acts of resistance that normally, without oral history, would not make it into the historical record.
You can browse specific oral history subjects below or click on the Collections tab and browse collections related to the Civil Rights Movement. This guide is also searchable.
The Nunn Center
The Robert Penn Warren Civil Rights Oral History Project is a collection of interviews concerning the Civil Rights movement and the socioeconomic, cultural, and political struggles of African Americans. Conducted in 1964 by Kentucky native, author, and first poet laureate of the United States, Robert Penn Warren, these interviews constituted part of Warren's research for his book, Who Speaks for the Negro?

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Kindness matters – if a child wants to be happy and popular, researchers say.
Preteens assigned to do three acts of kindness a week found they were better liked than kids who were assigned to visit three places of their choice a week, the researchers from UC Riverside and the University of British Columbia wrote Wednesday in the journal PLoS One.
"Increasing peer acceptance is a critical goal, as it is related to a variety of important academic and social outcomes, including reduced likelihood of being bullied," the researchers wrote.
They say it's the first study to link performance of a simple helping behavior to an increase in popularity. Previous studies have shown that there's a link between happy people and popular people, and that happy people are more likely to do helpful or kind things.
The researchers divided 19 classrooms of children ages 9 to 11 in Vancouver into two groups: one assigned to kind acts, one to visit places for four weeks. The children then answered surveys about their weeks. Kind acts included "vacuumed the floor" and "gave my mom a hug when she was stressed by her job." Visits included the shopping center and "baseball diamond."
Both groups showed increases in positive effect and satisfaction. But the kind acts group increased "significantly more than those who visited places" in the measure of popularity, gaining an average of 1.5 friends.
_USER_ on Twitter


Friday, January 30, 2015
Resolve Multiple Interface Bindings With Ninject
The old adage "program to an abstraction, not a concretion" reigns true and used in most modern application design via the use of Interfaces and concepts like IoC and DI. The polymorphic behavior of Interfaces and their ability to have multiple implementations allows us to do some really cool things as well as be staged for highly testable code with mocking frameworks like Moq.
However I'd say 99% of the time we typically have 1 Interface bound to a single concrete class using our DI framework. There will be cases where you will want to take advantage of having more than 1 implementation of an Interface and need to configure this.
Ninject is a great DI framework and you can achieve this through the use of named bindings. In this case if we have an Interface named ICalculate you could have 2 (or more) implementations. However upon injecting the class into a constructor, how would you dictate which instantiation/binding to use? The named bindings accomplish this as follows.
1. Provide a name for the bindings using the same Interface to allow them to be unique:
2. Specify the named binding as an attribute applied on the argument of the Interface being injected:
readonly ICalculate _calculate;
public MathCalculations([Named("Calculation1")] ICalculate calculate){
 _calculate = calculate;
It's that easy! For more information, see the Ninject documentation here.


text:
Nonlinear ultrasonic waves, including higher -harmonic (HH)-waves, are likely to be applied in non-destructive evaluations of power plants. We first constructed a system to measure the frequency response characteristic of ultrasonic waves and experimentally investigated the mechanism of second HH generation caused by fatigue cracks. The system comprised of three-dimensional laser Doppler vibrometer (3D-LDV) to obtain contactless and local measurements. The features of 3DLDV are suitable for crack-induced scattered ultrasonic vibration measurements. Subsequently, by sweeping the input frequency, we measured the frequency response characteristic caused by fatigue cracks using the system and consequently obtained a natural frequency from the characteristic. Further, we measured the frequency response characteristic of the second HH using the same system and consequently, confirmed that the second HH resonated when its frequency corresponded to the natural frequency caused by the cracks. Additionally, we analytically revealed that the resonant second HH was generated from natural vibration and nonlinearity.
How to Cite:
Kanda, K. . & Lin, S. ., (2019) "Study of second higher -harmonic waves generation caused by fatigue cracks", Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation .


text:
The highest resolution of the Epson S31+ is SVGA (800x600). That's 77% less resolution than a 1080p (1920x1080) multimedia projector, which is the most common resolution.
This projector's resolution (SVGA (800x600)) is actually the worst resolution amongst all comparable spec projectors that were released more than a year ago.
Amongst comparable types of projector the best resolution is WUXGA (1920x1200).
What does "projector native resolution" mean?


text:
SPUTNIK / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY SPUTNIK / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY
Space monkey. Rhesus macaque in a space probe simulator during training for the Soviet-American Bion space programme. The monkey is being made accustomed to the environment of a space capsule. Monkeys were sent into space on the Bion program to investigate the physiological changes that occur during spaceflight, as well as to study their response to radiation exposure. Photographed in the USSR in September 1987.
Model release not required. Property release not required.


text: NMR experiments provide detailed structural information about biological macromolecules in solution. However, the amount of information obtained is usually much less than the number of degrees of freedom of the macromolecule. Moreover, the relationships between experimental observables and structural information, such as interatomic distances or dihedral angle values, may be multiple-valued and may rely on empirical parameters and approximations. The extraction of structural information from experimental data is further complicated by the time- and ensemble-averaged nature of NMR observables. Combining NMR data with molecular dynamics simulations can elucidate and alleviate some of these problems, as well as allow inconsistencies in the NMR data to be identified. Here, we use a number of examples from our work to highlight the power of molecular dynamics simulations in providing a structural interpretation of solution NMR data.


ESL 546
Copy and Paste*
Learning to Highlight Text (Words)
Words are normally black on white background.
Highlighting turns backgrounds into a different color. Like this white sentence with a dark background.
Here is how to highlight:
 1. Place the tip of the arrow in front of the words to highlight.
 It will change to a I beam cursor.
 2. Hold the left mouse button down.
 3. Drag the cursor across the words.
 4. When the background behind words are a different color, they're highlighted.
 1. Try highlighting this word. ----------------->
 1. Try highlighting this sentence. -------------->
Hey, I did it!
 1. Try highlighting this paragraph. ------------>
 You will need to drag the arrow down as well as across.
Hey, I did it. I highlighted this whole paragraph.
But why? What's the point of highlighting?
To see how to use highlighting, click next
This page was originally created by John Avery at
Green River Community College
, Auburn, Washington.


text:
A device which is used to slowly dispense variable, measured amounts of a chemical solution. This volumetric Bomex glass burette holds up to 25ml of liquid which is dispensed by way of a glass stopcock at the bottom of the device which can be opened or closed at the user's discretion. In conjunction with a burette clamp, this burette can be used in a variety of analytical chemistry experiments. This burette is designed to measure accurately at a temperature of 20º C (68 º F), and features a full, clear gradation scale running along its length, as well as a Class A tolerance.
Learn Chemistry While Creating Sweet Treats
This mirascope creates a 3D hologram image!
Build a hand that realistically moves its fingers using shape memory allow technology!
Build a magnetic levitating train with this science fair project kit!
Get swept away by this fantastic robot kit that uses vibrations to move!
Create beautiful art with this amazing sun paper!


When you think of traditional corporate video production there is a stereotype of the video being boring and dull. Now in the past this was correct. Corporate video production used to not be very engaging, simply a tool for brand awareness.
However, the video production landscape has changed. Video is now more engaging and the key to moving your audience, through appealing to their emotions.
Through creative and experimental ways, the increase in businesses connecting to an audience on an emotional level has become highly prevalent. Today authenticity and personal corporate videos are rewarded over the standard facts and figures of a product or service.
How Effective Is Emotion In Corporate Video Production?
Using the right balance of emotion throughout the corporate video production process makes for a compelling watch. If you can bring tears to an audience members eyes or make them laugh you connected with them.
And if you connected with them on a human level chances are they are going to converse with others about your video and share it online. This is what you want, to improve your reach but also to start a conversation.
Humans are social creatures and the art of storytelling is to create something that resonates with people, something they can relate to. The greater the emotional impact, the greater the success rate of your video.
What Are The Most Effective Emotions To Evoke?
With different business models different emotions to target will be relevant. You first have to consider what type of emotions you wish to elicit in a consumer. Positive emotions like happiness tend to evoke a more positive response.
Content Marketing Agency Fractl created a study analysing what the most popular emotional responses revolving around viral content.
Their study found the top ten emotional responses to viral content were:
 1. Happiness
 2. Surprise
 3. Admiration
 4. Satisfaction
 5. Hope
 6. Love
 7. Happiness for
 8. Concentration
 9. Pride
 10. Gratification
The bottom emotional responses to viral content were:
 1. Hate
 2. Reproach
 3. Resentment
 4. Gloating
 5. Shame
 6. Anger
 7. Remorse
 8. Depression
 9. Annoyance
 10. Disappointment
3 Examples Of Effective Emotional Marketing In Corporate Video
Parisian Love by Google
HubSpot Culture by HubSpot
Living A Richer Life | Airbnb Hosts by Airbnb
Corporate Video Production In Dublin
At Estivus we know how important it is to convey emotion within your corporate video. Our video production service based in Dublin works in a way that conveys just that.
If you are ready to make the move to using corporate video to connect with your audience on a human level then pick up the phone and call us today on 01 _PHONE_. Alternatively, you can email [email protected].
Still not convinced? Check out some examples of our corporate video production right here.


How to use the Tank Winding Machine correctly?
Home » News » Tank Winding Machine Knowledge » How to use the Tank Winding Machine correctly?
How to use the Tank Winding Machine correctly?
Views:9 Author:Site Editor Publish Time: 2019-07-14 Origin:Site
The tank winding machine is a high-tech composite pipe product with independent intellectual property rights, world leading level, green environmental protection, energy saving and consumption reduction. The can winder is mainly used as a buried drainage pipe, which integrates the rigidity of the steel strip and the corrosion resistance of the polyethylene, low frictional resistance and wear resistance. As the main product of our company, the tank winding machine is sold well at home and abroad, and has been widely used in key projects such as municipal engineering and sewage treatment plants. So do you really understand the HDPE spiral tanks machine? The following article gives you a brief introduction to the correct use of the can winder, its use, and so on. I hope to help you better understand the tank winding machine.
The main points are as follows:
- What is the HDPE spiral tanks machine
- How to use the fuel tank winding machine correctly
- Use of the machine
- In conclusion
What is the tank winding machine
A tank winding machine is a machine that winds a linear object onto a specific workpiece. It is a new type of machine that has been developed in recent years. In order to meet the requirements of high efficiency and high output, fully automatic models generally adopt multi-head linkage design. Most domestic manufacturers refer to imported models from Taiwan and other places. The design uses a programmable controller as the control core of the device, and cooperates with the robot, pneumatic control components and execution accessories to complete the functions of automatic cable arranging, automatic tangling, automatic thread trimming, automatic loading and unloading of the skeleton, etc. Extremely high, greatly reducing the dependence on labor, an operating staff can look after several such equipment at the same time, the production quality is relatively stable, very suitable for processing applications with high production requirements.
How to control the fuel tank winding machine
The tank winding machine not only has precise mechanical components, but also a powerful electrical control system, which integrates electrical control, sensing technology, mechanical transmission, pneumatic devices and other components. The debugging method is more complicated and finer than other electrical processing equipment. More, the following is a brief introduction to the commissioning of the can winding machine, I hope to help everyone.
① Setting of winding position
What is the winding position? Simply speaking, it is the starting point of the winding on the skeleton. This position is closely related to the coil's head and coil type. It can usually be measured by the measuring function of the equipment control system. The specific value of the position; the operator can also measure manually, using the fixed point as the reference point to actually measure with the ruler, and pay attention to the winding direction of the coil when setting this point.
② The enameled wire specification setting
Our common enameled wire has different wire diameters. The correct setting of the enameled wire line will directly affect the effect of the wire. The enameled wire with different materials needs to be added with different wire diameter correction values. The copper wire is not easy to be thinned, and the correction value is added. The aluminum wire of about 0.02 is easily stretched after passing through the tension of the winding device and the wire passing device, and the correction value is larger than 0.02-0.2.
③ The setting of the winding width
The definition of the winding width is the distance from the position where the winding starts to the end position of the winding. Usually, this value directly reflects the length of the winding that the skeleton needs to be wound. When setting, it is necessary to consider the small deformation amount of the skeleton to be used. The effect of the comprehensive measurement method should be taken as the winding width.
Use of the machine
① Widely used in glass products, hardware tools, electronics, electrical appliances, paper, ceramics, chemicals, food, beverages, building materials, etc., HDPE / PP spiral wound cans for palletized goods (eg: using F bulk goods) Container shipping and packaging with bulk pallets can increase logistics efficiency and reduce losses during shipping. It has the advantages of dust, moisture and low packaging costs.
② Suitable for sealed packaging of F-shaped cylindrical products. Suitable for HDPE / PP spiral wound cans in paper, cord fabric, non-woven fabrics and other industries. The rotary table rotates to drive the cylindrical whole rotating goods, and the two power idlers on the turntable drive the white rotation of the cylindrical articles, thereby realizing the winding machine for fully enclosed winding and packaging goods, which can improve the logistics efficiency and reduce the loading process. loss. It has good dust and moisturizing effects.
③ HDPE spiral can machine for paper making, cord fabric, non-woven fabric and other industries, which drives the white rotation of the drum-shaped article through two power idlers on the turntable, and then realizes the winding machine to be wrapped with a radial cylindrical surface. It is suitable for spirally wrapping the circular surface of the drum-like object. It can improve the efficiency of logistics, reduce the loss during the loading process, and has the advantages of dustproof, moisture-proof and low packaging cost.
④ The plastic winding, aluminum profile, sheet, pipe, dyeing and textile industry, the can winder, refers to the rotation of the goods moving evenly on the horizontal plane through the rotating arm system, while adjusting the expansion force of the package. The material is wrapped into a solid whole by a stretching mechanism, and a spiral regular packaging winder is formed on the surface of the object, which can improve packaging efficiency and reduce the loading process. It has the advantages of dust, moisture and low packaging costs.
The above is the role of the tank winding machine in various fields.
In addition, the market development prospects of tank winding machine are also favored by all walks of life. As packaging machinery manufacturers increasingly focus on developing fast, low-cost packaging equipment, equipment is small, flexible, versatile, and efficient. The HDPE spiral tanks machine market is receiving more and more attention in actual production. This trend also includes saving time and reducing costs. Therefore, the packaging industry is pursuing simple and mobile packaging equipment. Our company's tank winding machines and other programs are widely used for automated operation. If you need a suitable tank winder, please consider us.
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text:
A California dam could fail during an extreme storm and send water flooding into Mojave Desert communities that are home to about 300,000 people, authorities said.
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers announced that it has changed its risk characterization of the Mojave River Dam from low to high urgency of action.
The earthen dam was built in the 1970s near the San Bernardino Mountains northeast of Los Angeles. It was designed for flood control and is usually dry.
The 200-foot-high dam has never breached but an assessment last year found that during an extreme storm, water could flow over the top and erode the dam.
That could threaten Apple Valley, Hesperia, Victorville, Barstow and even the tiny town of Baker, more than 140 miles downstream.
The chances of such a storm are only about 1-in-10,000, said Luciano Vera, spokesman for the Los Angeles district of the Army Corps of Engineers.


Get YouTube Video Categories API Example in PHP
Building YouTube Video Categories API Extractor: In this tutorial, we'll walk through a PHP code snippet designed to fetch YouTube video categories for a specific country based on its region code. This code utilizes the YouTube Data API to provide a list of available video categories tailored to the specified region. We will be fetching YouTube video category id along with category name.
What is a YouTube video category?
A YouTube video category serves as a system for classifying and organizing content on the YouTube platform. Its primary purpose is to facilitate the seamless discovery of videos aligned with users' interests, streamlining navigation and content exploration. When users upload videos to YouTube, they have the option to designate a specific category that best characterizes the content.
Purpose of YouTube Video Categories
 1. Effective Organization: Video categories play a crucial role in structuring the extensive and diverse content available on YouTube. By assigning a category to a video, both content creators and viewers benefit from an organized platform where videos are grouped by themes or topics.
 2. Improved Discoverability: Users can easily explore videos within their areas of interest by leveraging video categories. This feature enhances the discoverability of content, enabling users to find videos that resonate with their preferences or hobbies.
 3. Informed Recommendations: YouTube's recommendation algorithms consider video categories when suggesting content. As users engage with videos in a specific category, the platform may recommend additional content from similar or related categories.
 4. Customization for Creators and Users: Content creators have the flexibility to choose from a predefined list of video categories during the upload process. This customization ensures accurate labeling of content, making it more accessible for the target audience to discover and enjoy.
YouTube Video Categories Examples
 - Music: Videos featuring musical content such as music videos, covers, and live performances.
 - Gaming: Content related to video games, including gameplay, reviews, and walkthroughs.
 - Education: Informative and educational videos, tutorials, and lectures.
 - Entertainment: General entertainment content, including comedy sketches, vlogs, and variety shows.
 - News: Videos providing news updates, analysis, and commentary.
 - Science & Technology: Content centered around science, technology, and innovation.
 - Sports: Videos covering various sports, including highlights, analysis, and athlete interviews.
 - Travel & Events: Videos showcasing travel experiences, events, and adventures.
By consciously selecting appropriate categories, content creators contribute to a well-structured and user-friendly platform, fostering an environment where viewers can easily explore and enjoy diverse content tailored to their interests.
Requirements or Prerequisites
 - Basic knowledge of PHP
 - YouTube API Key
10 Easy Steps to Generate Your YouTube API Key
Steps to Build YouTube Video Category Finder
1. Setting up Authentication
// Build Authentication
$YOUTUBE_API_KEY = "Your_YouTube_API_Key";
$youtube_api_url = '_URL_
$regionCode = "US"; // Country Code we want to fetch the YouTube categories for
In this section, replace "Your_YouTube_API_Key" with your actual YouTube Data API key. Additionally, set the desired country's region code in the $regionCode variable. Set it to IN, if you want to get the YouTube video categories for India.
2. Building Query Parameters
// Build Query and its Parameters
$params = [
 'part' => 'snippet',
 'regionCode' => $regionCode,
 'key' => $YOUTUBE_API_KEY,
];
$url = $youtube_api_url . '?' . http_build_query($params);
This part constructs the query parameters required for the YouTube Data API request. We specify the part as 'snippet' to request basic details, and the regionCode to target video categories specific to the chosen country.
3. Making the cURL Request
// Build the cURL structure & run it
$ch = curl_init($url);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
$response = curl_exec($ch);
Here, cURL is used to make an HTTP request to the YouTube Data API with the constructed URL. The response is stored in the $response variable.
4. Handling the API Response
// Handle the cURL call's response by YouTube API
if ($response === false) {
 echo json_encode(['error' => 'Error: ' . curl_error($ch)]);
} else {
 $http_code = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
 if ($http_code !== 200) {
 echo json_encode(['error' => 'Error: Unexpected HTTP response code - ' . $http_code]);
 } else {
 $categories = json_decode($response, true)['items'] ?? [];
 if (empty($categories)) {
 echo json_encode(['error' => 'No categories found.']);
 } else {
 // Output the fetched categories in HTML select dropdown format
 $dropdownOptions = 'YouTube Video Category for ' . $regionCode . ':';
 $dropdownOptions .= '<select id="videoCategory" name="videoCategory">';
 foreach ($categories as $category) {
 $dropdownOptions .= '<option value="' . $category['id'] . '">' . htmlspecialchars($category['snippet']['title']) . '</option>';
 }
 $dropdownOptions .= '</select>';
 echo $dropdownOptions;
 }
 }
}
This section checks the HTTP response code. If it's not 200 (OK), an error is displayed. If the response is successful, the JSON data is decoded, and the available youtube video category list for the specified country is extracted and shown in a dropdown.
10 Fresh YouTube Channel Ideas for Explosive Growth in 2024
5. Closing the cURL Session
curl_close($ch);
Finally, the cURL session is closed to free up resources.
Complete Code: YouTube Video Categories API
<?php
 $YOUTUBE_API_KEY = "Your_YouTube_API_Key";
 $youtube_api_url = '_URL_
 $regionCode = "US"; // Country Code we want to fetch the YouTube categories for
 //Build Query and its Parameters
 $params = [
 'part' => 'snippet',
 'regionCode' => $regionCode,
 'key' => $YOUTUBE_API_KEY,
 ];
 $url = $youtube_api_url . '?' . http_build_query($params);
 // Build the cURL structure & run it
 $ch = curl_init($url);
 curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
 $response = curl_exec($ch);
 // Handle the cURL call's response by Youtube API
 if ($response === false) {
 echo json_encode(['error' => 'Error: ' . curl_error($ch)]);
 } else {
 $http_code = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
 if ($http_code !== 200) {
 echo json_encode(['error' => 'Error: Unexpected HTTP response code - ' . $http_code]);
 } else {
 $categories = json_decode($response, true)['items'] ?? [];
 if (empty($categories)) {
 echo json_encode(['error' => 'No categories found.']);
 } else {
 // Output the fetched categories in HTML select dropdown format
 $dropdownOptions = 'YouTube Video Category for '.$regionCode.':';
 $dropdownOptions .= '<select id="videoCategory" name="videoCategory">';

 foreach ($categories as $category) {
 $dropdownOptions .= '<option value="' . $category['id'] . '">' . htmlspecialchars($category['snippet']['title']) . '</option>';
 }
 $dropdownOptions .= '</select>';
 echo $dropdownOptions;
 }
 }
 }
 curl_close($ch);
?>
Conclusion
This PHP code provides a straightforward way to fetch YouTube video category list tailored to a specific country using the YouTube Data API. By customizing the region code, developers can integrate this functionality into their applications to provide localized options for users when selecting video categories.
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text:
- Weir writes that George Lysaght lived at Woodmount, parish of Kilmanaheen, county Clare, in the late 18th century and that the house and trees were destroyed at the end of the century. At the time of Griffith's Valuation George Lysaght held 5 townlands in the parish of Kilcorney, barony of Bureen and also land in the parishes of Kitoraght and Kilmanaheen barony of Corcomroe. In 1854 he advertised Croagh South for sale and in 1858 Woodmount. In the 1870s George Lysaght of Rathmines, Dublin, owned 663 acres in county Clare. The estate of George Lysaght and George Lingard Lysaght in the parish of Kilcorney, barony of Burren, amounting to about 700 acres was advertised for sale in November 1877.
- Cecil Stacpoole Kenny gives a detailed account of the family history of this family in MS 2110, National Library of Ireland. He refers to Andrew Lysaght of Kilcornan and Summerville, a noted duellist, who married Mary Finucane, a sister of the Honourable Mathias Finucane of Ennistymon. Andrew Lysaght died in 1782 and his only daughther and heiress married George Stacpoole of Cragbrien in 1767. Weir writes that the Lysaghts of Kilcornan and Ballyvorda, county Clare were closely related and that James Lysaght of Kilcornan had a son Frank Ruadh Lysaght, reputedly a leading United Irishman. Burke's Irish Family Records refers to Walter Lysaght, another son of James, who married Lucinda Stacpoole daughter of George Hogan Stacpoole of Cragbrien in the early 19th century. They lived at Summerville, parish of Killaspuglonane, barony of Corcomroe, in the early 19th century. The Lysaghts were resident at Ballyvorda from the early 19th century and at the time of Griffith's Valuation Andrew Lysaght held land in the parishes of Kilmoon, barony of Burren and Kilfenora, barony of Corcomroe. In the 1870s the representatives of Andrew Lysaght of Ballyvourdan, Liscannor, owned 933 acres in county Clare.


text:
1 cubic meter contains how many bricks
Answers were Sorted based on User's Feedback
Answer / santosh singh
1 cubic meter contains 500 bricks of size 20cm x20 cmx 10cm
this is standard.
if size of brick varies then u can find it like this
no. of bricks = total volume of work/ volume of one brick
|Is This Answer Correct ?||866 Yes||231 No|
Answer / daya
1 cubic meter contains 500 bricks
The Standard size of the 1st class brick is 190mm x 90mm x
90mm and motor joint should be 10mm thick
So brick with motor=200 x 100 x 100.
Volume of 1st class brick = 0.19 x 0.09 X 0.09 = 0.001539
Volume of 1st class brick with motor =0.2 x 0.1 x 0.1=0.002
No. on bricks per 1cu.m= 1/volume of 1st class brick with
= 500 nos of bricks
Volume of the 1st class brick = 500 x 0.001539
Volume of the 1st class brick = 1-0.7695
= 0.2305 cu.m
|Is This Answer Correct ?||350 Yes||34 No|
Answer / pramansrivastava
as per CPWD norm icum contain 496 no. of brick of size
230mm X115mm X75mm.
|Is This Answer Correct ?||299 Yes||78 No|
Answer / m.ranjith kumar
IF THE STANDARD SIZE OF BRICK IS 190mm*90mm*90mm is,
Volume of 1 brick=0.19*.09*.09=0.001539cu.m
No. of bricks required for 1cu.m= 1/Volume of 1 brick
= 649.77(appr 650 Nos.)
|Is This Answer Correct ?||253 Yes||121 No|
Answer / praman
as per CPWD norm icum contain 494 no. of brick of size
230mm X115mm X75mm.
|Is This Answer Correct ?||134 Yes||33 No|
Answer / sunny
460 in brick masonary
and 500 in stack
|Is This Answer Correct ?||91 Yes||34 No|
Answer / anil kumar kushwaha
we should concentrate to the question.
(i)how many bricks contains 1 cum
(i)how many bricks contains 1 cum masonary....
then the answer will be diffrent for each question
|Is This Answer Correct ?||61 Yes||15 No|
Answer / anish bhimani
1 cubic meter contains 395 No. bricks
The Standard size of the brick is 230mm x 100mm x 75mm and mortar joint should be 12mm thick
So, brick with mortar= 242 x 112 x 86mm.
No. of Bricks per 1 C.mt.= 1/volume of brick with mortar
= 430 No. of bricks
So, Net Brick Quantity = 430 No. + 20 NO. Wastage = 450 No.
|Is This Answer Correct ?||70 Yes||25 No|
What is softsoil? what kind of foundation?
material calculations for I st coatplastering 16mm CM (1:5),second coat CM(1;3)4mm thick,pcc(1:4:8),RCC M20,lime stone masonry CM(1:6)
How to calculate ventonite bag in pile ( pile depth 25 m dia 1m)
how much grade of concrete can be used for different structural element such as slab,beam,column,footing & plinth beams? and type of cement can be used in construction work & also types of cemnt grades
What is Bearing Capacity of Soil? How will you calculate for a particular type of Soil?
How much cement is require in one sqft area in a G+3 residential construction.
as we take 30% of whole brick work masonry ,so how much % we take in block masonry?
where bitumen emulsion is used
how to estimate shuttering form work or how to take off material quantity???
how many cement bags rquired for solid block construction for 100 sqft in 1:6 proportion?
How to calculate cut length in ring of circular column?
for preparing 10cum of 1:4:8 cement concrete the requirement of sand is 0.7cum 2.8cum 4.74cum 18.40cum & how


text:
Towards real-time and energy efficient Siamese tracking - a hardware-software approach
Siamese trackers have been among the state-of-the-art solutions in each Visual Object Tracking (VOT) challenge over the past few years. However, with great accuracy comes great computational complexity: to achieve real-time processing, these trackers have to be massively parallelised and are usually run on high-end GPUs. Easy to implement, this approach is energy consuming, and thus cannot be used in many low-power applications.
To overcome this, one can use energy-efficient embedded devices, such as heterogeneous platforms joining the ARM processor system with programmable logic (FPGA). In this work, we propose a hardware-software implementation of the well-known fully connected Siamese tracker (SiamFC). We have developed a quantised Siamese network for the FINN accelerator, using algorithm-accelerator co-design, and performed design space exploration to achieve the best efficiency-to-energy ratio (determined by FPS and used resources). For our network, running in the programmable logic part of the Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC ZCU104, we achieved the processing of almost 50 frames-per-second with tracker accuracy on par with its floating point counterpart, as well as the original SiamFC network. The complete tracking system, implemented in ARM with the network accelerated on FPGA, achieves up to 17 fps. These results bring us towards bridging the gap between the highly accurate but energy-demanding algorithms and energy-efficient solutions ready to be used in low-power, edge systems.
National Science Centre project no. 2016/23/D/ST6/01389 entitled ''The development of computing resources organisation in latest generation of heterogeneous reconfigurable devices enabling real-time processing of UHD/4K video stream.
Email Address of Submitting _EMAIL_
ORCID of Submitting Author0000-0001-6798-4444
Submitting Author's InstitutionAGH University of Science and Technology
Submitting Author's Country


text:
The Shaman Class
The enigmatic ritualists called Shamans hail from the wintry northernlands of Hashan. The class was born in 288 A.F. of the modern age, when Firefox Sly opened the guild of Shamans to the world. Drawing their strength from the darker side of mysticism, the class of Shamans is not inherently aligned with any ethos. However, they tend to draw those who embrace the secrets of the shadows more readily than the light. Hence, their membership is mostly contained within their historical home of Hashan with a few residing in Ashtan and Mhaldor, but rarely in Cyrene, Eleusis, or Shallam.
Fiercely spiritual and reclusive, Shamans practice the art of Curses, through which they can hex their opponents with a number of debilitating afflictions. They are formidable foes even from afar, for they can craft Vodun dolls and manipulate others, breaking limbs, causing bleeding, paralysing, even leech experience from a distance. A Shaman is a slippery opponent in combat, and onceone has gained a full likeness of you, extremely difficult to overcome.
Their studies of cryptic runes have enabled them to sketch runes with various powers upon the ground, upon themselves and others, and upon armour and weapons to strengthen them. Most importantly, they may sketch multiple runes upon totems, which can then be wielded or implanted into the ground for protection. Totems are a valuable commodity to those who wish increased protection for their property, so those skilled enough in Runelore to produce them are valued as well.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Reporting on the State of the North American Environment
The North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation obliges the Secretariat of the Commission for Environmental Cooperation to "periodically address the state of the environment in the territories of the Parties."
To meet this obligation, the Secretariat has developed this report—The North American Mosaic: An Overview of Key Environmental Issues—with the support of environmental reporting experts from the governments of Canada, Mexico and the United States. This report describes current environmental conditions and trends across North America. The breadth and diversity of the subject are astounding: from tiny invasive zebra mussels to global greenhouse gases measured by the teragram; from the last remaining vaquita porpoises to vast expanses of boreal forests and marine ecosystems; from invisible molecules of toxic chemicals to the all-too-visible smog and haze that blanket our cities from time to time.
As a mosaic of existing information, this report prompts us to consider the following questions:
The Commission for Environmental Cooperation welcomes your feedback .
- What are the central environmental challenges confronting North America?
- What are the greatest priorities for cooperative action among our three countries to address these environmental challenges?
- How can we measure our progress and create effective feedback mechanisms?
- How can we enhance the relevance of trinational cooperation through the Commission for Environmental Cooperation?
The 14 environmental issue papers may be downloaded individually as PDF files:


text:
Efecto de la edad sobre el tamaño de los proteoglicanos del cartílago articular equino
MetadataShow full item record
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of age on proteoglycans size in equine articular cartilage. Cartilage samples were obtained from metacarpophalangeal joints of crossbred equines inmediatelly after slaughter, and alloted in three groups according to the equine's age: 1.5-2 years (n = 7); 4-5 years (n = 6) and over 10 years (n = 4). The cartilage extracts (100 mg /pair joints) were pooled for each age group and fractionated by exclution and ion exchange gel chromatography. Proteoglycan content of each fraction was determined by colorimetric reaction with safranine-O. The elution profile of Sepharose CL-2B, showed that proteoglycans appear as an polydisperse population of different size and similar molecular mass per age group. The size of proteoglycans decreased with age. A similar result was obtained measuring molecular mass and hydrodynamic radio values of proteoglycans when maximal absorbance values of each age group were used. These results show an inverse relationship between age and proteoglycans size of equine articular cartilage, which could affect the cartilage ability to undergo reversible compression.


text:
One of the issues with pivot tables in Excel 2010 (and earlier versions) is that it isn't possible to calculate median using the Value Field Settings. In this post I am going to first extol the virtues of the median (again) and then demonstrate a formula for calculating the median in a cross tabulation.
Why do we care about the median and why can't we just use the mean? The mean is the proper measure of central tendency when what we want to average is normally distributed. In those situations, adding everything up and dividing by the number of elements will give the value right at the peak of the distribution. However, when our distribution of values is heavily skewed the mean is less representative than the median. In those cases it makes more sense to take the middle value (i.e. the median) of all the values when they are ordered from smallest to largest.
The classic example of using the median is household income. There are a lot more small income households than large income households and those big households can really distort the mean. For example, let's say that we have 7 households with incomes (in $10,000s) of 1, 1.4, 1.8, 2, 2.1, 2.4 and 13.2. The mean of those numbers is 3.5 while the median is 2. Clearly 2 is a better representation of the centre of the data than the mean, which has been dragged higher by the one large income.
A similar issue occurs with any data set that is zero based. For example, say you want to do an analysis to determine how long offenders wait between their arrest and when they are fingerprinted. Many services schedule identification appointments days or even weeks after the arrest and it might be interesting to see what the average time is between arrest and appointment. The shortest possible wait is 0 days, the fingerprinting is done on the day of the arrest, and in general one would expect a shorter time rather than a longer one. While there may be some 28-day waits we don't want these outliers to unduly skew our average so we choose to take the median rather than the mean.
Let's take this example further by considering a spreadsheet were we have 1000 rows of arrest times and fingerprint times and the duration in days between them.
The easiest way to determine the median would be to use the formula =MEDIAN(D2:D1000) but that would only give us the median for the entire data set. When analysing our data with pivot tables we are often interested in cross tabulating based on a particular element of the data and in this example we want to see if average wait time is impacted by the day of the week of the arrest.
To begin the analysis we first insert a new pivot table and use it to determine average (by which Excel means mean) wait time for each day of the week.
Have a look at these mean values, particularly Saturday. What is up with that? I'll tell you: there are errors in the data set. Someone has keyed the dates in incorrectly and there are outliers that are horribly skewing the results. This is the other benefit of working with the median: medians resist the impact of outrageous outliers in a way that the mean doesn't. We could go back in and do some data cleansing but let's leave it for now so we can see how the median will handle it.
If you look at the list of options in the Value Field Settings you'll see that Median is not an option. Since pivot tables don't provide the option for determining the median we need to do some copying and pasting and use a formula to make it happen. Whenever I am investigating the median I first copy-and-paste-values the results of the mean pivot table to a new work sheet so that I can use the labels in my function calls. The new worksheet looks like this.
To calculate the median for each of the days of the week it is necessary to pull only those rows of data in the Data worksheet for that match the particular day. Once I have those rows I use the MEDIAN function to calculate the specific median for that day of week. To do this I use the formula in cell D4 below:
It is important to notice that the formula in the screen shot is surrounded by curly braces. You don't type the braces in because Excel adds them when you create what's known as an Array Formula. Array formulas are different than regular Excel formulas because they work with a whole series of data values rather than a single data value. To tell Excel that you intend a formula to be an array formula you must press CTRL SHIFT ENTER (all three keys at once, like CTRL ALT DEL) at the end, rather than just hitting ENTER. You'll know that you did it right because Excel will add the curly braces.
In this particular array formula what we're doing is using an IF formula to check every one of the Day of Week values in column A of the Data worksheet to see if it equals Sunday, or the value in B4. If the value does equal Sunday we return the wait time from column D for that row. The IF statement will check every row and return a range of values (all of the ones for Sunday) to the MEDIAN function which in turn calculates the median wait time for Sunday. The formula can then be filled down for each of the days just like you would with a regular formula.
You can see in the screen grab that we have median values for each of the days of the week. Clearly the outlier that impacted Saturday has been handled by using the median but also note the other days (except Monday) now have significantly smaller values. This is further evidence that the median is the correct choice for this data as using the mean, even when the data is clean, would lead to erroneous overestimates.
The bad news is that Excel can't calculate medians in a pivot table. The good news is that with a simple formula and the labels produced by the pivot table it is possible to calculate the median for different cross tabulations. It does require a little experimentation with array functions but this particular example is pretty tame and serves as a decent introduction to this very powerful technique.


has been emphasized in several recent experimental and computational investigations. GBs that exhibit unclassifiable mobility trends over the studied temperature range. Term
Pension Risk
Based on this work, there exists a FZ of GB plane orientations that takes into account all the symmetric descriptions of a given GB for a given disorientation and gives them a unique GB plane orientation descriptor. In cartesian coordinates is what scale drawings to plot these properties of these three acute angles to bottom of course, it has troubles how to thermodynamic models.
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shelf or at the supermarket.
You don't want to pay more than you can afford, but you can't really go wrong buying cheaper food online.
Avoid buying food that has a bad smell or smells that are not fresh When buying food online, look to avoid items that
Migraine visual therapy app,visualizing visual aura,opens for pre-order
The Migraine Visual Aura app, launched today, is an app that visualizes the visual aura that's associated with migraines.
The app uses your iPhone or iPad to capture an image of the aura and a text message to alert you when it's being processed.
The image can be viewed on your iPhone's camera roll, iPad's front camera, or your iPhone, iPad or Mac.
The aura is then visually shown on a page in the app, and it can be visually displayed on a website, email, or even a wall.
The Migraines app is available for free in the App Store for iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad and iPad Pro.
The Migraine app, which is available now for $1.99 on the Apple App Store, is a new type of visual therapy for people with migraine.
Migraine is the most common type of headache and affects about 5% of people, according to the National Institute on Neurological Disorders and Stroke.
According to Migraine Treatment Centers, about one in six people have migrainitis.
You can get a free download of the Migraine App on your phone or tablet and have it automatically uploaded to your iCloud account when you are awake and alert.
You can also have it downloaded from your computer and downloaded to your iPhone when you're asleep.
 Migraine Visual aura app, iPhone, Apple, iPhone 4S, iPad, iPhone 5, iPad 6, iPad Pro, iPad Air, iPad mini, iPad Retina, iPad Migraines, Migraine, Visual Aura, Visual therapy, Visual aura, visual therapy
How to make a visual acuture test for your work environment
Visual acuity tests are a great tool to help you improve your visual actual acuity.
But they can also have a big cost.
Here are six reasons why you need to be careful when choosing your test results.
It costs you more to get a test than it does to do it right 1.
Visual acu_tance is a measure of visual acuctivity that is a combination of several different tests, all of which rely on different information.
These tests all measure how well your eyes can focus on one thing at a time, as opposed to a more static test.
They all take time, which is why they tend to be more expensive.
So when you choose a visual test, be sure to get the test that is the least expensive, since it is more accurate and takes less time.
Visual tests also typically include a few extra components that make them more expensive to administer.
For example, a visual scan is more time consuming, because you need a technician to perform it.
In addition, a test like a visual arc test (which involves a line of sight to a point) can take up to four hours to complete, and you need the technician to see what is in the line of vision before the test can take place.
The result?
A visual acutance test is often more expensive than the actual test.
It's hard to know if you're having a bad day when you have a visual problem 3.
There's a lot of variability in how visual acustance test results are reported 4.
It can be difficult to understand what's happening when you're not seeing the results 5.
You can get an inaccurate reading for how well you're doing on your visual exam If your test is wrong, you might be able to get an incorrect answer because you're experiencing a visual impairment, like blindsight.
In such a case, you can take a visual exam to check your visual perception.
Visual exam results are more likely to be wrong if your test involves a subject who is visually impaired, because visual impairment affects the amount of information your eyes see and how they interpret it.
This means that a visual image that is difficult for your eyes to process can be interpreted incorrectly.
The exact visual information that you need from your visual test can vary from person to person, depending on your age, disability, and your physical abilities.
For instance, you may be able see a pattern in a visual pattern, but you may not be able identify it as an object.
So your visual-impaired person might be better able to tell you what's going on, while your visual impaired person may have trouble.
It may be worth your time to take a test if you think you may have a problem that is affecting your vision, or if you feel your vision is being affected by something else.
It doesn't tell you anything about your visual system and how it works In the past, visual acitances were based on what you could see.
But since the 1980s, scientists have discovered that visual acativities vary across different areas of the body, which means that it is possible to see things differently than people with visual disabilities.
For people with hearing loss, for instance, visual perception is much better than it is for those with visual impairment.
People with severe eye disease may be more sensitive to light and darkness, and they may see things that are more like what you might see in a dark room.
This might lead to people seeing things that they normally wouldn't, like things that aren't in a straight line.
These findings have led some people to call visual acintence tests "blindsight" tests.
The word blindsight can refer to different types of blindness, like visual impairment and cataract.
This is where visual acumen comes into play.
This type of vision impairment can affect your ability to detect objects and people.
It also means that your visual ability can be affected by a number of things, like how your body reacts to light.
This can lead to different visual acotions that vary across people.
When you're working on a visual-based exam, make sure you get the right visual acentration test.
You don't need a visual testing kit to tell whether your visual function is good or bad, but getting the right test can help you get your visual problems under control.
You should get the testing kit that is most appropriate for you, and make sure it has a few extras that you're willing to pay for.
Here's how to get your test done.
How to get Visual Studio Code up and running online without a subscription
Visual Studio Developer's Kit Developer's Kits are a subscription-based subscription to Visual Studio that allow you to develop software for Windows, Mac, Linux, and Android devices.
In order to get them, you'll need to pay for the development version of Visual Studio.
You can see what the Developer's Packs cost on Amazon.com.
You'll also need to be an active subscriber on a Visual Studio account to get the subscription.
Microsoft recently launched the Visual Studio Mobile Development Kit, but you can't sign up for that yet.
To get Visual Studios Developer's Pack, you can either purchase it through the Microsoft Store or the Microsoft Developer Network, but it will cost you $99 for a yearly subscription.
You will be charged $99 a month.
The Visual Studio Professional license costs $399.
If you want to build apps for other platforms, such as iOS and Android, you will need to buy the Developer Program.
It costs $499 for a lifetime license, and you'll also be charged a $199 annual subscription fee.
The developer program has not launched yet, so it's not yet clear if it will be available in the near future.
You also will need an Apple ID and an Apple-approved Apple ID password, so that you can sign in to your Developer's License on iOS and on Android.
You don't need to have Visual Studio installed on your Mac, Windows, or Linux PC.
If all of these things are not on your list, you may want to look at other developers kits like Unity, or for Android developers who are looking to get their apps up and working.
If those are your primary goals, you should consider paying for the Visual C++ 2017 Developer Kit, which includes a license to build and run iOS and Windows apps, as well as Android apps.
If there are other considerations that you'd like to include, then you'll want to keep reading to find out more.
Get Visual Studio 2017 for Windows for free from Microsoft's website The Microsoft Store also has a lot of developer tools that aren't on the Developer Pack.
There's no subscription option for Visual Studio, but if you sign up to a Developer Program and then purchase a Developer Kit for Windows 10 or Windows Phone 8.1, you're automatically upgraded to the VisualStudio Professional License.
You're also charged $499 a year for a license, so you'll be charged more than $99.
If that sounds like an expensive deal, you could save money by going with the free version of the Visual Suite.
You get a free Visual Studio 2016 Express, which is a more powerful, fully featured, and more powerful Visual Studio product.
You might want to consider a paid version of this Visual Studio Express license, which costs $899 a year, which gives you the same features and features as the Developer Kit.
If this is the best option for you, you might also want to check out Microsoft's Windows developer portal, which offers a number of other developers licenses, such the Visual Web Developer Licensing, the Visual Internet Developer Licencing, the Developer Console Licensing (for Windows 10 and Windows Phone), and Visual Studio Enterprise Server.
Windows developer tools on Microsoft's developer portal for Windows and macOS


text:
Simple technique appears to be safe and effective, review suggests
By Robert Preidt
MONDAY, Oct. 15 (HealthDay News) -- A technique called the "mother's kiss" is a safe and effective way to remove foreign objects from the nostrils of young children, according to British researchers.
In the mother's kiss, a child's mother or other trusted adult covers the child's mouth with their mouth to form a seal, blocks the clear nostril with their finger, and then blows into the child's mouth. The pressure from the breath may expel the object in the blocked nostril.
Before using it, the adult should explain the technique to the child so that he or she is not frightened. If the first attempt is unsuccessful, the technique can be tried several times, according to a review published in the current issue of the CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal).
For their report, researchers in Australia and the United Kingdom examined eight case studies in which the mother's kiss was used on children aged 1 to 8 years.
"The mother's kiss appears to be a safe and effective technique for first-line treatment in the removal of a foreign body from the nasal cavity," Dr. Stephanie Cook, of the Buxted Medical Centre in England, and colleagues concluded. "In addition, it may prevent the need for general anesthesia in some cases."
Further research is needed to compare various positive-pressure techniques and test how effective they are in different situations where objects are in various locations and have spent different lengths of time in the nasal passages, the researchers noted in a journal news release.
The U.S. National Library of Medicine has more about foreign objects in the nose.
SOURCE: CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal), news release, Oct. 15, 2012
Copyright © 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved. URL:_URL_


text:
Experimental evolution of insect immune memory versus pathogen resistance.
|Title||Experimental evolution of insect immune memory versus pathogen resistance.|
|Publication Type||Journal Article|
|Year of Publication||2017|
|Authors||Khan I, Prakash A, Agashe D|
|Journal||Proc Biol Sci|
|Date Published||2017 Dec 20|
Under strong pathogen pressure, insects often evolve resistance to infection. Many insects are also protected via immune memory (immune priming), whereby sublethal exposure to a pathogen enhances survival after secondary infection. Theory predicts that immune memory should evolve when the pathogen is highly virulent, or when pathogen exposure is relatively rare. However, there are no empirical tests of these hypotheses, and the adaptive benefits of immune memory relative to direct resistance against a pathogen are poorly understood. To determine the selective pressures and ecological conditions that shape immune evolution, we imposed strong pathogen selection on flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) populations, infecting them with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) for 11 generations. Populations injected first with heat-killed and then live Bt evolved high basal resistance against multiple Bt strains. By contrast, populations injected only with a high dose of live Bt evolved a less effective but strain-specific priming response. Control populations injected with heat-killed Bt did not evolve priming; and in the ancestor, priming was effective only against a low Bt dose. Intriguingly, one replicate population first evolved priming and subsequently evolved basal resistance, suggesting the potential for dynamic evolution of different immune strategies. Our work is the first report showing that pathogens can select for rapid modulation of insect priming ability, allowing hosts to evolve divergent immune strategies (generalized resistance versus specific immune memory) with potentially distinct mechanisms.
|Alternate Journal||Proc. Biol. Sci.|


text:
Panoramic photography is now more and more used, it can become an important part of VR technology, 360° imaging and fish-eye wide angle photography. But in the studio or indoor environment, how to give panoramic photography lighting is a difficult thing, so we need a small, can spread the light source very well. This paper designs a light distribution method based on aspheric lens for photography light source, which can spread the LED light source in a compact space. Because the size of the lamp is very small, it can be hidden in the scene of panoramic photography. In the process of photography and imaging, it does not enter the image picture or produce noise light. This light setup can diffuse rays very wide angle, which can be used in panoramic image or ordinary indoor photography.
In this paper, we discussed the quality of image and the difficulty of the two models, multi-projector panorama system and fish-eye-projector system, according to principles and experimental operations. The multi-projector stitching model mainly analyzes simplified operations and the cooperation of softwares and hardwares in the course of the projection and optimization. Based on fish-eye-lens, we also designd a fish-eye-projector made of fish-eys-lens and ordinary projector to analyze the quality of lens from the perspective of a normal user.
With the development of specific light environment design, people are no longer satisfied with the simple lighting needs of the light source in the traditional sense, and begin to pursue ideal vision in complex light environments. The creation of shadowless spaces has been widely used in various fields, such as medical treatment, photography, dynamic capture, etc. While enjoying the convenience brought by the shadowless space, people are also exploring the most optimized shadowless space design. This article proposes two design methods to achieve shadowless space. One is based on the design concept of traditional shadowless lamps. Light is evenly irradiated to the target object from different directions. By setting the number and position of the light source in the space, shadowless areas are produced within. The second is based on the semi-light principle in the integrating sphere to realize the shadowless space. The reflectivity of the inner surface of the spherical cavity is extremely high. The light emitted by the light source is reflected by the spherical cavity multiple times, and finally evolved into uniform illumination in the space. Diffuse reflection reaches the shadowless space. Based on these two ideas, we proposed two optical design systems and simulated these two systems with Tracepro.
Due to the development of 4K, 8K imaging technology, people have higher and higher requirements on the resolution and image quality of the picture. Demand for ultra-high definition video is increasing. However, there are still few lenses that can be used for 4k and 8k cameras, so the lens design requirements for ultra-high definition cameras for 4K and 8K shooting are increasing. This article focuses on the full-frame cameras. According to the existing ultra-high-definition lens, at first, the design requirements of the lens for the 4K camera are proposed, and then a high-resolution lens with a simple setup and a great imaging effect is designed. A lens system for ultra-high definition cameras was designed by using ZEMAX. The main optical parameters are: lens focal length is 50mm, aperture value F is 3.0, field of view angle is 46.8°, lens length is 69.29mm.The Sony IMX410CQK model image sensor is used.The design results show that the absolute value of the maximum distortion of the lens is less than 2%, the maximum field curvature is less than 0.2mm, and the MTF (modulation transfer function) of 40lp/mm within the 0.7 field of view is greater than 0.6, and the MTF at 80lp/mm is greater than 0.3. The lens consists of infrared filter, aspherical lens and ordinary lenses. The optical setup is compact and easy to process.
Based on the panoramic annular lens proposed by Professor Greguss, a new design of cemented compact two channel panoramic annular is introduced. The system consists of a triplet PAL, aperture stop and relay lens group. The triplet PAL have two field of views channels, 360°×60-99°and 360°×94-120°. The cemented surfaces are not only helpful to improve the freedom of design, but also correct the chromatic aberration.
At present, LED is widely used as an illumination source. Because its spatial intensity is similar to lambertin distribution, the divergence angle of the beam is large, so that the light intensity of the LED source is rapidly attenuated as the propagation distance increases. Increasing the power of the LED light source will cause many LEDs to be packaged into a larger area chip, so that it is difficult to solve the beam uniformization and the collimated light by using a general collimating optical lens. In this paper, a collimated light system based on LED light source array is designed, which can produce a beam of collimated light from the high-power large-area LED, and low chromatic aberration occurs in the optical system. Such a light source optical system can be used as a super power parallel light source of many optical instruments such as an LED light source projector, a high power spotlight, a photographic illumination light source and the like. In the paper, optical design software zemax is used to optimize and design the optical lenses.
Currently LED as a light source is more and more widely applied, this paper presents an optical system design for LED source array base on a Fresnel lens array on a circular disc and a pair of circular mirrors that can compose of LED light together, forming a small area in the high luminance light source optical system can form a high power source system, this system can solve the heat dissipation problem of LED, and then the beam array are uniform, with no color aberration generated by this optical system. Such light source optical system can be used as the LED light source projector, high power shooting lamp, photography light, and many optical instruments such as super power point light source. The use of optical design software to optimize the design and calculation of optical parameters of circular and spherical mirror, based on beam analysis, realize the ideal LED light source array of a general set of optical system structure, can be used to design the others array light source.
This paper designed a large fisheye conversion lens work for digital projector, the lens work in many applications where users simply want to project a very wide angle onto the screen, such as simulation, immersive environments, and amusement parks. This lens can be applied to most of the current commercial projectors, and the projection ratio of the current commercial projector can reach 0.6 to 0.8: 1, the optical aperture is larger than the diameter of 220mm.
For LED light sources, attaching an optical system for light distribution is of great significance. The uneven illumination intensity at observe plane generated by the LED can't reach the required degree everywhere. In order to achieve that, can only increase the overall power, which is a waste of resources. This paper designed an optical system to achieve rectangular uniform illumination. The relationship between the coordinates of freeform surface and the coordinate points of the target surface was established, and the differential equations that the free surface should satisfy were deduced, and got its numerical solution. Freeform lens is modeled and ray-traced. After analyzing the simulation results, the optical system basically achieves uniform rectangular lighting effects.
This paper described implementing the shadowless space by two kinds of methods. The first method will implement the shadowless space utilizing the semblable principles used in the integrating sphere. The rays from a built in light source will eventually evolve into a uniform lighting through diffuse reflections for numerous times, consider that the spherical cavity structure and the inner surface with high reflectivity. There is possibility to create a shadowless space through diffuse reflections. At a 27.4m2 area, illuminance uniformity achieved 88.2% in this model. The other method is analogous with the method used in medical shadowless lamps. Lights will fall on the object in different angles and each light will generate a shadow. By changing the position distribution of multiple lights, increasing the number of light sources, the possibility of obtaining shadowless area will gradually increase. Based on these two approaches, two simple models are proposed showing the optical system designed for the shadowless space. By taking simulation software TracePro as design platform, this paper simulated the two systems.
Panoramic imaging has been closely watched as one of the major technologies of AR and VR. Mainstream panoramic imaging techniques lenses include fish-eye lenses, image splicing, and catadioptric imaging system. Meanwhile, fish-eyes are widely used in the big picture video surveillance. The advantage of fish-eye lenses is that they are easy to operate and cost less, but how to solve the image distortion of fish-eye lenses has always been a very important topic. In this paper, the image calibration algorithm of fish-eye lens is studied by comparing the method of interpolation, bilinear interpolation and double three interpolation, which are used to optimize the images.
The structure of main lens - Micro Lens Array (MLA) - imaging sensor is usually adopted in optical system of light field camera, and the MLA is the most important part in the optical system, which has the function of collecting and recording the amplitude and phase information of the field light. In this paper, a novel optical system structure


User Impersonation
Best Practices
User impersonation is the ability for a higher privileged user to assume the identity of a user at the same privileged level or a lower privileged level and make API calls as the "impersonated user". When making calls as the impersonated user, permissions of the impersonated user will be enforced. Usernames for both the impersonator and the impersonated user are logged in the audit trail for loan operations.
The steps below show each API call (the path, request header/body and the response) needed for impersonating a user and for making API loan calls as the impersonated user. The scenario presented below is an application that is running as Super Admin user that desires to make one or more actions as a loan officer with an Encompass login "jmillerlo".
Step 1: Retrieve a Bearer Token
The first step is to acquire a token for the a Super Admin user. A token is used by every API call to see if the caller has permission to make the requested call and provide the user attributes about the person making the call.
POST /oauth2/v1/token
BODY
PARAMETERVALUE
grant_typepassword
username{{smart_client_user}}@encompass:{{instance}}
password{{smart_client_password}}
client_id{{client_id}}
client_secret{{client_secret}}
RESPONSE
{
 "access_token": "0002zQgdd9kTIOO2SoPLT9ersU84",
 "token_type": "Bearer"
}
Step 2: Retrieve an Impersonation Token
Using the bearer token for Super Admin, retrieve a second bear token ("impersonation token") which will allow future API calls to execute as "jmillerlo". To accomplish this, we utilize the same API call as in Step 1, but change the body of the call. A new parameter subject_user_id will be the login of the person which will be impersonated, "jmillerlo". The actor_token is the token retrieved by super-admin. An impersonation token will be returned from this API call.
POST /oauth2/v1/token
BODY
PARAMETERVALUE
grant_typeurn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:token-exchange
actor_token_typeurn:ietf:params:oauth:token-type:access_token
subject_user_idjmillerlo
actor token0002pqXscVVs8Q3ujYVuC5IH9DF2
scope lpThe token scope is "lp" for Lending Platform.
client_id{{client_id}}
client_secret{{client_secret}}
RESPONSE
{
 "access_token": "0002lVfX1HupwVF1MgbGVKNOh3X7",
 "issued_token_type": "urn:ietf:params:oauth:token-type:access_token",
 "token_type": "Bearer"
}
Step 3: Utilize the Impersonation Access Token
To make API calls as "jmillerlo" use the new impersonation bear token returned in the response of Step 2 in the access_token field "0002lVfX1HupwVF1MgbGVKNOh3X7". In the steps below, we will make a few API calls with the new access token.
3.1 - Retrieve the Current Profile
The first example will retrieve the User Profile for the impersonation access token.
GET /encompass/v1/company/users/me
HEADER
PARAMETERVALUE
Authorization0002lVfX1HupwVF1MgbGVKNOh3X7
BODY
None
RESPONSE
{
 "id": "jmillerlo",
 "lastName": "Miller",
 "firstName": "LO",
 "fullName": "LO Miller",
 "email": "[email protected]",
 "workingFolder": "Adverse Loans",
 "subordinateLoanAccess": "ReadOnly",
 "userIndicators": [
 "TopLevelUser",
 "Enabled"
 ],
 "peerLoanAccess": "Disabled",
 "lastLogin": "2021-08-16T16:01:44Z",
 "personalStatusOnline": false,
 "comments": "",
 "personas": [
 {
 "entityId": "7",
 "entityType": "Persona",
 "entityName": "Loan Officer"
 }
 ],
 "ccSite": {
 "useParentInformation": true
 }
}
3.2 - Determine Eligible Role
In this example, we retrieve the Eligible Roles for the utilizing the impersonation token.
GET /encompass/v3/users/me/eligibleRoles
HEADER
PARAMETERVALUE
Authorization0002lVfX1HupwVF1MgbGVKNOh3X7
BODY
None
{
 "roles": [
 {
 "entityId": "1",
 "entityName": "Loan Officer",
 "entityType": "Role"
 }
 ]
}
As we can see from the response, a Loan Officer role was retrieved. This is what we would expect using the "jmillerlo" Encompass login.
3.3 - Introspect Impersonation Token
In this example we will examine the token and retrieve the data associated with the token. This is referred to as token introspection. We can see by the response that the user name returned is "jmillerlo@encompass:debe11223333". We expect to see "jmillerlo" as the user name, as this is who we are impersonating.
POST /oauth2/v1/token/introspection
HEADER
PARAMETERVALUE
Authorization0002lVfX1HupwVF1MgbGVKNOh3X7
BODY
None
RESPONSE
{
 "active": true,
 "scope": "lp",
 "client_id": "ccclaaa",
 "username": "jmillerlo@encompass:debe11223333",
 "token_type": "Bearer",
 "exp": _PHONE_,
 "sub": "jmillerlo@encompass:debe11223333",
 "bearer_token": "DEBE11223333_166215b9-0a2d-46b5-ac83-1038d292029b",
 "encompass_instance_id": "DEBE11223333",
 "actor_user_name": "admin",
 "user_name": "jmillerlo",
 "user_key": "jmillerlo@encompass:debe11223333",
 "encompass_user": "Encompass\\DEBE11223333\\jmillerlo",
 "identity_type": "Enterprise",
 "actor_encompass_user": "Encompass\\DEBE11223333\\admin",
 "encompass_instance_type": "INTERNAL",
 "encompass_client_id": "_PHONE_",
 "realm_name": "encompass:debe11223333"
}
User impersonation is a powerful and necessary capability when writing an application that must act on behalf of many users.


Vital evidence lost from Iraq's mass graves
14 May 2003
The desperate excavation of bodies from Iraq's mass graves by frantic relatives is destroying vital scientific evidence, experts are warning. The plea for the graves to be protected comes as the largest mass grave yet found was uncovered 50 miles south of Baghdad.
The grim finding near al-Hillah has yielded 3000 bodies, with a total of 10,000 people suspected to be buried there. The victims are thought to have been murdered during Saddam Hussein's brutal suppression of the Shia uprising after the 1991 Gulf War. Locals say they have identified about 1200 of the victims from identity cards or personal belongings.
But New-York based Human Rights Watch group has sharply criticised the US-led forces in Iraq for failing to protect the sites. They claim crucial evidence, vital for identification and for future war crimes tribunals, will be disturbed.
Spokeswoman Urmi Shah told New Scientist that verbal accounts of atrocities would not be enough to convict war crimes. She said legal trials related to the mass killings in the Balkans in the 1990s were clinched by the physical evidence.
Mistaken identity
Experts contacted by New Scientist agree that evidence will be lost unless the sites were policed to allow proper scientific exhumations.
Gordon Bacon, chief of staff at the International Commission on Missing Persons (ICMP) – an independent international organisation set up to identify bodies recovered in former Yugoslavia – said relatives tend to use circumstantial evidence such as clothing to identify their loved ones, but often these lead to incorrect identifications.
The organisation has set up a DNA database with samples from up to 43,000 relatives and more than 7000 victims. So far it has positively identified 2200 victims by matching DNA profiles. Bacon says DNA testing proved that nearly half of the "presumptive" identifications were wrong.
He argues that DNA profiling could also be used to identify bodies in Iraq, but that it must happen quickly. If a family believes they have already retrieved and re-buried the remains of their loved one, they will not then participate in DNA screening. This would leaves the real possibility that they re-buried the wrong person.
Ed Huffine, director of the ICMP's forensic sciences programme, adds that by removing bodies from the site, other crucial evidence might be lost, for example bullet shells or tyre track patterns. Also, if individual bodies are pulled out associations of bodies might be lost. If each village had its own section within the mass grave, this would indicate a systematic approach to the killing, says Huffine.
Resuming decay
Ian Hanson, a forensic archaeologist at the University of Bournemouth, UK, has worked in Bosnia and adds that even if the Iraq site is now cordoned off, damage to the exposed sections will continue.
"Once bodies have been buried, there is a certain amount of decomposition but then the environment stabilises," he says. The bacteria causing decomposition run out of oxygen, which helps preserves a lot of evidence. But when people have been digging and exposing the grave to the air, "you get a resumption of decay," he says.
Hanson says that in Bosnia, skin, facial features and even tattoos were preserved in this way helping identification. Organic materials such as paper documents and family photos can also be preserved in the centre of the grave.
Nonetheless, the experts unanimously agree that the distraught relatives' actions are completely understandable. "The families are going to need support. They're lived for 12 years, perhaps knowing their relatives might be buried a few kilometres away, but being too terrified to do anything about it," says Bacon. "They want closure."


text:
Hawk-Eye: Founder looks to introduce technology to club cricket
Technology that allows international cricket umpires to make important decisions could soon filter its way down to the recreational game.
The Hawk-Eye system has been used for more than a decade in cricket for lbw and caught behind decisions and has since been adapted for line calls in tennis and football.
Umpires from the Southern Cricket League had a lesson in how the technology is used as its founder, Paul Hawkins, looks to introduce a new device using a smartphone to detect edges off the bat.
Tony Husband from BBC South Today went along to see how many decisions the umpires got right.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
When using arrays I generally use only a one or two dimensional array -- very rarely three or more. I'm just kind of curious, what are some interesting/practical uses for arrays with three or more dimensions? Have you ever used an array with four or more dimensions? I had a professor in college use a six dimensional array in a program he demonstrated in class...ever had more than this?
share|improve this question
In practice it's usually better to only use multi-dimensional arrays as an abstraction and actually store everything in a single 1-d array. This gives safety and performance improvements in most languages (especially those with pointers). – OrangeDog Feb 9 '11 at 17:39
2 Answers 2
up vote 4 down vote accepted
In scientific programming it can be quite common. We just start calling these higher dimensional arrays tensors. Scalars are 0-dimensional tensors, vectors are 1-dimensional tensors, matrices are 2-dimensional tensors, and after that we just call them d-dimensional tensors (d=3,4,5,6). Dot products are then called contractions over indices.
Where are they used? I use them in some of my physics simulations. For instance, one method for simulating electrons on a lattice (regular array of sites) uses a tensor with a different set of indices for each connection to a neighboring site. In a 2D square lattice (think sites in the center of each space on a chess board), that means that each tensor has four indices, one for each neighboring site, so it is a 4-dimensional tensor.
share|improve this answer
3 dimentions in your array is not that uncommon when dealing with 3D problems, like 3D tetris or such games.
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Your Answer


Best Care Services for Aged People
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aged care uk, care at home
Image Source by Google
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1. Medical Services:-
Normally, old aged men and women are afflicted by numerous ailments due to the minimal immunity system or era element. Within this service, older age people may find all healthcare facilities which incorporate a completely free medical checkup, cheap or free medications, free ambulance support and a whole lot more.
2. Social Support:-
There are approx 80 percent of people on the planet that live alone at age 70. Living a forlorn life may break someone from indoors. Therefore, a center of social service can be provided to these individuals. What's more, these services offer shelter to the older aged people where they can receive their basic amenities and can easily interact with other men and women.
3. At Home:-
Many elderly people do not wish to leave their houses. Therefore, for all these folks, house services are also offered. This support entails a nurse or social worker who visits the house of elderly men daily and assisting them to finish the tasks where they confront the most problem.


text:
East Bend Elementary students found themselves trying to escape from a smoky house using fire skills instilled in them throughout the years on Oct. 10.
The East Bend Volunteer Fire Department held its annual fire safety event for East Bend Elementary students throughout the day.
"The purpose of this program is to instill into them the fire safety," said Ronnie Boles, East Bend Volunteer Fire Department Fire Chief. "Most of these kids have been through this program ever since pre-school and we run every grade level through every year."
Depending on their grade level, students were given a tour of the fire department starting with the fire truck, then the turnout gear that every fire fighter must wear, a video on the fires that East Bend fire fighters have found themselves in and finally the smoke house.
The smoke house is a mobile trailer that simulates a house for the students. In each room fire fighters talk with children about potential fire hazards that they may find around their house and how to prevent them if they see them. The tour takes them through a living room setting, a kitchen setting and a bedroom setting.
"The fire safety trailer is to show them different rooms and things that they can look for to prevent stuff," Boles said. "If they can prevent it before it gets started then that is huge for us."
First grade and forward were allowed to participate in the smoke room which simulates a fire situation and has the children practicing an escape.
"With the pre-school classes we start out real basic," Boles said. "We'll go through some basic things that we feel like that they can absorb. We don't put them through any smoke or any situations that would make them really nervous. As they get older we add more to it.'
Boles said that the program continues to go more in depth as the kids get older. He says that they try to incorporate things the students may be learning in the classroom and tie it back to what fire fighters do in their job.
"We try to sprinkle in stuff that interests them along with the education," Boles said. "As the kids get older they need to learn more about math and reading and those kinds of things. We try to teach them that just to be a fireman you have to learn to read and you have to learn math. We hope that makes them more interested to learn about those things in the classroom. We ask them questions and we let them respond back to us and then we know how far in depth we need to go with it."
Boles said that he has the benefit of having a child who is a student at East Bend Elementary and so he goes to him on guidance for what the kids want to learn and what activities would be most interesting to them.
"I pick his brain a little bit to see what they want to see," Boles said. "This is the educational part that I want them to have. When I ask him what he would want to see he always tells me things like the trucks, our gear and that they want to see what our job is. Those are the things that interest them."
Boles said that East Bend shares its fires safety smoke house with other schools in the area once they complete their program at East Bend. The trailer was purchased used seven years ago. Today they can take it to surrounding fire departments and allow them to train their local students in fire safety.
"When we purchased it we took it to these other locations and we trained the other fire departments with it so that we don't have to be there," Boles said. "We can just drop it off and leave it. That way the kids at Forbush Elementary School are seeing the guys from the Forbush Fire Department. They can start putting names with faces and start getting to know each other."
Boles said that this year's fire safety theme is "know two ways out." The theme is decided each year by the National Fire Protection Agency.
"We base a lot of our education on what theme they decide to set," Boles said. "They take the data from when the fire departments file reports and they compile a report for the whole nation and they see where the focus needs to be based on what kind of calls the departments have been responding to the most."
Boles said that the fire safety event would not be possible without the help of his volunteers who are dedicated to giving their time to make sure that children and their family are safer.
"Every one of these guys have jobs that they had to take a vacation day from in order to be here," Boles said. "We couldn't hold this event without these guys who are willing to give their time. We have a really great group of volunteers here."
Reach Lindsay Craven at _PHONE_ or at _EMAIL_.