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Computational Geometry Seminar: Marc van Kreveld
Title: The Pokémon GO search problem and its competitive analysis. Speaker: Marc van Kreveld, Utrecht University (_URL_
Quan
12/11/2016 de 12:30 a 13:30
On
Room S215 Omega Building, Campus Nord UPC (equiv.: Room 215 Floor -2)
iCal
Abstract: After its introduction in the summer of 2016, Pokémon GO quickly became the most popular game around. The game requires players---called trainers---to walk outside to search for and catch Pokémon. Now that the first craze is over, it is time for scientists to analyze various aspects of the game. Since the game requires a mobile device with GPS and is (in part) essentially a search problem played on the streets, we can analyze it using competitive analysis. We define an abstraction of searching for Pokémon using a geometric graph and call it the Pokémon GO search problem. We show that for general geometric graphs, there is no constant competitive ratio to find a Pokémon. However, if the graph has convex faces only, or if the graph has constant-bounded geometric dilation, then there is an O(1)-competitive search strategy.


COVID hotel quarantine failures – a hierarchical model
With another lockdown in Victoria, the media has been asking why Victoria has had a worse COVID experience than other Australian states. Much can be explained by the challenges of the second wave and an overwhelmed contact tracing system. Contact tracing is now much improved, with tens of thousands of contacts being identified and managed quickly during the current outbreak.
Another media focus has been rates of escape from hotel quarantine, which are now the main source of outbreaks in Australia. If you look at the raw numbers, it seems that some states might have better systems than others, especially when considering the number of travellers who have been quarantined. But how sure can we be of that? Can some states feel smug superiority, or have they just been lucky?
Leah Grout and colleagues examined the rate of failure of quarantine facilities in Australia and New Zealand, reporting the number of failures, the number of quarantined travellers, and (importantly) the number of those travellers who were COVID positive (as of early 2021). This latter number is one of the keys – you could have the worst quarantine system imaginable but you won't have any failures if none of the travellers are COVID positive.
So what do the numbers tell us? New South Wales has processed the most COVID positive travellers of the jurisdictions in the database (1581) but it has also had the most identified failures (5 to that point). Victoria has had almost as many identified breaches (4) but many fewer positive cases in their quarantine system (462).
But when looking at these data, you might notice that the number of failures is low. The small numbers mean that any estimates of the rate of failure of hotel quarantine will be uncertain. How uncertain? Very uncertain!
Even in states/territories with zero breaches so far, the rate of failure might be no lower than in the jurisdictions that appear to be performing worst. Tasmania and the ACT are cases in point – both have had no recorded breaches of hotel quarantine but they have also processed very few COVID positive travellers (21 and 25 respectively).
Even the Northern Territory, with its much vaunted Howard Springs facility, had only 88 COVID cases in Grout et al.'s data. Consequently, the uncertainty around an estimate of the rate of failure of hotel quarantine is large.
To estimate the rate of failure, let's first treat each of the COVID positive cases as a simply Bernoulli trial, with the probability of failure being the same for each person within the jurisdiction. You can see the estimates below. Do you notice the large intervals around the estimates for the NT, ACT and Tasmania? Using only the observed rates of failure, we can't really be sure that those jurisdictions are better than any other.
Estimated probability of failure of COVID hotel quarantine for each infected traveller, based on the failures reported in Grout et al. (in review). The dots are the point estimates (failures divided by cases), and the bars are 95% credible intervals, assuming a uniform prior for the probability of failure.
The cabins at Howard Springs have the advantage of almost eliminating aerosol transmission between rooms, which appears to be a problem in the hotel systems that operate elsewhere. But we know, intuitively, that the hotel quarantine facilities in places like the ACT and Tasmania are likely to suffer similar risks to similar systems in other jurisdictions. Given that, the risks are unlikely to be as high as indicated by the upper bounds of the intervals above. But likewise, the probability of quarantine failure is unlikely to be zero.
How can we "borrow" information about rates of failure in other jurisdictions while at the same time allowing for some differences in rates of failure between jurisdictions? Well, let's say hello to a hierarchical statistical model!
For our hierarchical statistical model of failure rates from COVID quarantine hotels, we assume that the rate of failure of each jurisdiction is drawn from a common pool of possible failure rates. This pool of possible failure rates is defined by a probability distribution – hierarchical modelling estimates this distribution. Each jurisdiction has its own particular failure rate – if the rates differ a lot between between jurisdictions, then the distribution that defines the pool of possible rates will be wide. If the rates are similar to each other, then the distribution will be narrow.
You can think about what such a hierarchical model might mean when estimating the failure rate in places like Tasmania and the ACT where data are scarce. If we look at the jurisdictions with more data, the rate of failure is unlikely to be larger than 0.02 or so (the upper bounds of the 95% intervals in the figure above). So, these more precisely estimated rates will tend to constrain the variation in the pool of possible rates.
To formalise this idea, we need to define a model for that pool of possible failure rates. When dealing with probabilities, we know that the values are constrained to be between zero and one. However, probabilities can also be expressed as odds. The odds that an event will happen is the probability of it happening divided by the probability of it not happening. So if p is a probability of an event, then p/(1-p) is the odds of the event*. Odds are constrained to be between 0 (when p = 0) and infinity (when p = 1).
Now, if we take the logarithm of the odds, then the resulting value is the log-odds, and this number can take any real value between minus infinity (when p = 0) and plus infinity (when p = 1)**. This transformation is useful, because it is straightforward to define a distribution on this interval – we can use a normal distribution. Now our pool of possible failure rates can be defined by a normal distribution (with the values drawn from this distribution being back-transformed to become probabilities). The statistical model*** then simply needs to estimate the mean and standard deviation of this underlying normal distribution.
So what do the results of the hierarchical model indicate? Well, that model suggests that differences between jurisdictions in the rate of hotel failure might be as large as an order of magnitude or so (e.g., compare the extreme upper limit of one jurisdiction to the lower limits of others). But equally, there is also not compelling evidence that the risks differ much at all (e.g., note the large overlap of the 95% intervals). So when I hear pundits declaring how one state's quarantine system is better than another's based on the rate of failure, I just roll my eyes – they don't quite understand how variable chance can be, especially when estimating rates of rare events.
Estimated probability of failure of COVID hotel quarantine for each infected traveller, based on a hierarchical model of the failures reported in Grout et al. (in review). The dots are means of posterior distributions, and the bars are 95% credible intervals. The right hand value is the average over the Australian states and territories.
Since the preparation of Grout et al.'s paper, we've seen further escapes from hotel quarantine – Victoria's current outbreak being a case in point. And there is a second possible escape too, although sequencing so far has been unable to pinpoint the source of the delta variant in Victoria. But Grout et al.'s data suggest that an escape will be identified for every 200 or so COVID-positive cases in hotel quarantine. With COVID cases continuing to be common around the world, we'll see more COVID cases in hotel quarantine with more outbreaks expected.
* You will have seen odds in horse racing. These define the payout from the bookmaker. They are essentially the odds of the horse not winning (while also factoring a small margin to pay for the bookmaker's investment portfolio and collection of fancy cars).
** This is the logit transformation and is the basis of logistic regression.
For those interested in the details, here is BUGS code for the hierarchical model:
for (i in 1:8) # for each of the 8 jurisdictions.
re[i] ~ dnorm(0, tau) # how the probability of failure for each jurisdiction varies
logit(p[i]) <- logit(pav) + re[i] # the prob of failure for each jurisdiction
fails[i] ~ dbin(p[i], cases[i]) # failures treated as a set of Bernoulli events
OzHQ <- mean(p[2:8]) # average probability of failure for Aust hotels
pav ~ dunif(0, 1) # the prior for the average probability of failure
tau <- 1 / (s * s) # BUGS defines variation of dnorm by precision = 1/variance
s ~ dunif(0, 100) # the prior sd
And here's the data used (NT is excluded given it includes the non-hotel site of Howard Springs; the order is: NZ, ACT, NSW, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic, WA):
cases[] fails[]
758 10
25 0
1581 5
543 3
230 1
21 0
462 4
450 1
Posted in Communication, COVID, Probability and Bayesian analysis | Tagged,,, | Leave a comment
Projecting future deaths from COVID-19 cases
As the number of COVID-19 cases increases in the US and Europe over the last few weeks, some people have claimed that deaths have not increased. Indeed, Donald Trump Jr has claimed* that the number of deaths has declined to "almost nothing".
Daily number of deaths in the US attributed to COVID-19. The black line is a weekly average, which smooths variations and anomalies such as the lower reporting rate associated with weekends.
Firstly, this claim is flatly false – deaths in the US are increasing, and have been doing so for a fortnight. But will the new large spikes in cases lead to large spikes in deaths? The TL;


Why turkey has the same name as Turkey
well-ordered set
noun, Mathematics
a totally ordered set in which every nonempty subset has a smallest element with the property that there is no element in the subset less than this smallest element. Unabridged
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Girolamo Sartorio
Girolamo Sartonio, also known as Hieronimo Sartorio and Geronimo Sartorio (died April 1707 in Venice), was an innovative Italian architect and engineer who worked mainly the German cities of Hanover, Hamburg, Leipzig and Erfurt. His designs were based on Palladian architecture. He was a noted expert in the installation of stage equipment and theatrical machinery and also worked as a builder or consulting architect on the construction of various opera houses, such as the Oper am Gänsemarkt in Hamburg. He is also credited with the beginnings of opera in Leipzig and the construction of the opera house in Prague.[1]
Girolamo Sartonio
1727 Johann Anton de Klyher Kupferstich, der illuminierte Neustädter Markt mit dem Parnaßbrunnen.jpg
Sartorio's design for the Neustädter Markt with the Neustädter Kirche and the fountain Parnaßbrunnen, steel engraving by Johann Anton de Klyher, 1727
Died1707 (1707)
 - Architect
 - Engineer
Born in Venice, Girolamo was the brother of Venetian composers Antonio Sartorio (1630–1680) and Gasparo Sartorio (1625–1680).[2] In 1673 he married Emerantia Gertrud von Wintheim, the daughter of Erich von Wintheim, in Hanover and he became a citizen of the principality in 1674.[2][3]
Life and workEdit
Schlossbrücke across the Leine, designed by Sartorio
Oper am Gänsemarkt, designed by Sartorio, decorated during a festival in honour of George I of Great Britain
Between 1667 and 1685 Sartorio was the Building Administrator German: Bauverwalter in the service of John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and then Ernest Augustus, Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg in Hanover. During his time he led significant construction projects that beautified the city, including the expansion of the Herrenhausen Gardens and Leineschloss Palace, where he installed a theater and worked on external decorations, the Kapuzinerflügel wing and the court chapel. He also designed the bridge from the Leineschloss across the Leine River and the Neustädter Kirche, built 1667 to 1670 as an early aisleless church.[2] He presented a model for the Parnaßbrunnen fountain on the Neustädter Markt in 1671. During his time in Hanover he wrote a report for the construction of a library in Wolfenbüttel, on a request of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, then a librarian there.
Sartorio was then called to design the first public opera house in Germany and first opera house in Hamburg, the Oper am Gänsemarkt, and construct the stage.[4] It opened in 1678.[5] In 1692/93 he was in Leipzig, where he established the first opera theatre of the city on the Brühl, opened in 1693.[2] From 1696 he worked in Erfurt as Oberbaumeister, responsible for military buildings from 1704.[2]
 - Wilhelm Rothert, A. Rothert, M. Peters: Hannoversche Biographie, vol. 3: Hannover unter dem Kurhut, 1645–1815, Hannover 1912, p. 514 (in German)
 - Eduard Schuster: Kunst und Künstler in den Fürstentümern Calenberg und Lüneburg in der Zeit von 1636–1727, Hannover 1905, p. 204 (in German)
 - Helmut Zimmermann: Zur Herkunft italienischer Kunsthandwerker im norddeutschen Barock, in: Niederdeutsche Beiträge zur Kunstgeschichte, vol. 34 (1995), p. 150f (in German)
 - Bernd Adam: Neue Funde zum barocken Ausbau der Schlossanlage in Hannover-Herrenhausen, in: Niederdeutsche Beiträge zur Kunstgeschichte, vol. 40 (2001), p. 61–66 (in German)
 1. ^ Melania Bucciarelli, Norbert Dubowy, Reinhard Strohm: Italian Opera in Central Europe. Vol 1. Berlin: Berliner-Wissenschafts-Verlag, 2006. ISBN 3-8305-0381-4 p. 84
 2. ^ a b c d e Knocke, Helmut (2002). Sartorio, (2) Hieronymo (in German). Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon. p. 307. ISBN 9783877067062. Retrieved 8 August 2012. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
 3. ^ Zimmermann, Helmut (2002). Wintheim (Windheim), von (in German). Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon. p. 391. ISBN 9783877067062. Retrieved 8 August 2012. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
 4. ^ Wendt, J.R.M. (2002). Materialien zur Geschichte der frühen Hamburger Oper (in German). pp. 21–22.
 5. ^ "Die kurze Geschichte der Gänsemarkt-Oper" (in German). Hamburger Abendblatt. 1 March 2008. Retrieved 10 August 2012. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
External linksEdit


text:
MSMEs call for export subsidy
Solar panel manufactures have been told to make India self-reliant under the "Make in India" product programmes and help reduce imports of energy efficient panels.
The call was made by MSME Minister Nitin Gadkari via video conferencing on 23 May 2020 with the members of Maha Solar Sangathan to understand the opportunities in the solar energy sector.
He emphasized on the need of export enhancement along with import substitution to replace foreign imports with domestic production.
Gadkari highlighted the importance of solar energy and the industry's potential to help reduce the electricity cost significantly.
The Minister listed energy extensive sectors such as agriculture, warehousing among that must use proper commercial solar energy such as solar water pump for irrigation and solar electricity for cold storage which can contribute towards reducing power cost.
Gadkari also sought industry feedback on some new, innovative and economically viable business model which can be implemented in various sector such as agriculture, warehousing to provide low cost sustainable energy.
He called on the industry to focus more on innovation, entrepreneurship, science and technology, research skill and experiences to convert the knowledge into wealth.
The Industry responded with questions and suggestions. The representatives sought addition of Solar PV in the list of technology under CLCSS scheme, revision of turnover limit in the new MSME definition, subsidy on export for MSME to encourage the manufacturing and reduce import etc. fiinews.com

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The protective fortress, winding cobblestone streets, and medieval urban layout are all characteristics of many coastal European towns. But when exploring the French town of Saint-Malo, it is difficult to believe that this is hardly the original city. What separates Saint-Malo from many other European towns located by the sea—aside from its striking location jutting out from the coastline—is the complex history of how it was heavily destroyed in World War II, but rebuilt to its original aesthetic.
Saint-Malo was founded in the 1st century BC, a short distance south of its current location in Brittany, in northwestern France. The first settlement, in what is now St-Servan, was built by Celtic tribesmen in order to control the entrance to the Rance River for economic and military purposes. After the fall of the Roman Empire, a new settlement that would eventually become the walled town of modern-day St Malo was created by monks fleeing the British Isles.
In 1144, the bishop Jean de Châtillon gave the town of Saint-Malo the status of rights of asylum which encouraged all manner of thieves and rogues to move there, making it the ideal home to the French Corsairs, or The King of France's appointed pirates. The Corsairs grew their wealth by pillaging foreign ships in the English Channel, even traveling as far as Plymouth on the English coast. As Saint-Malo's wealth began to grow, the city's limits expanded, bridging from the island to the mainland. However, the walled coastline continued to play a key role in defining Saint-Malo's place in the world for centuries to come.
In 1940, Nazis invaded the city of Saint-Malo and occupied it as part of the Atlantic Wall. Although by the end of the war less than 100 troops and two anti-aircraft installations remained, the Allies believed the Axis powers had major armaments built up within the city walls. As a result, Saint-Malo was severely bombed by the Allies in 1944, and was almost completely destroyed by the American shelling and British naval gunfire. 80% of the city was lost.
Over the 12-year span from _PHONE_, the city was rebuilt brick by brick by the determined Malouins. However, instead of attempting to modernize the style of architecture in Saint-Malo, it was restored to its original glory, maintaining its medieval character.
Those in charge of its reconstruction planned it to be close to the original, with a few modifications. While the castle was replicated and transformed into the city hall, the hospital and prison were relocated outside of the city walls. Mansions were rebuilt with identical granite facades and only a handful of half-timbered homes from the 1600s were retained. In contrast to other cities that were rebuilt after the war, such as Warsaw and Dresden, there are no obvious signs of modern construction.
Saint-Malo seems to be the perfect case study to examine a time when European cities were developed around Medieval transit systems, when walkability was necessary, and when the wealthiest lived in the urban core. Today, during Saint-Malo's peak tourist season, the city accommodates more than 200,000 people. At approximately 57 people/acre, this is more dense than the average densities of both Tokyo (25 people per acre) and Vancouver (22 people per acre), making it a fantastic example of how traditional urbanism can still be built and accommodate dense populations without the default of becoming a high-rise megacity.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


The project required me to create an interactive infographic to explain learning theories and their instructional design implications.
This is the introductory page of this project. The brain and a puzzle with missing pieces were selected as the icons to represent how pieces come together in the mind.
The mouse can be thought of as receiving cheese as a reward for a specific action.
The gears in the head are meant to represent processing and functioning.
In Schema Theory knowledge is kept in memory packets, similarly the dots represent different packets.
Given that situated learning relies on a social aspect the connected people is an ideal icon.
When something is done systematically, it can typically be thought of as being done in order.
This is my reference section.
This is my original infographic created using Piktochart.
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SAAS - A Solution for conflict resolution
Workplace conflict costs the American market $450B a year.
At Galaxies we have identified the primary causes of this conflict and developed a unique and easily implementable SaaS solution.
What are the primary forces behind workplace conflict?
Ill-defined Lines of Communication
Ill-defined Roles and Responsibilities
Galaxies' SaaS solution will unlock these internal ambiguities and build a foundation of clearly defined lines of communication, expectations and roles and responsibilities.
We do not utilize archaic methods which are no longer applicable to the challenges of the modern organization. Galaxies' approach uses your data to surface the inherent problems and then helps you revamp your organization so conflicts are taken out of the equation.
We begin by rethinking accountability and job descriptions: rather than a traditional monolithic structure we will help you break them down into smaller, usable and manageable functions. These functions will then be made available to the entire organization creating a transparent infrastructure which encourages communication and dialogue throughout.
Our SaaS solution will redefine how your team see each other through clearly defined roles and responsibilities allowing a free flow of communication resulting in unambiguous expectations.
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text:
Solar Panels over Canals in India, which prevent Water Evaporation and Increase Panel Efficiency
Solar energy is eco-friendly, but it generally requires a large amount of land. An option in India is to transform the country's waterways into gleaming solar-panel pathways. Prime Minister Narendra Modi increased India's solar investment target to $100 billion, claiming that solar power will account for more than 10% of the country's overall energy mix by 2022.
Solar Panels over Canals in India
Solar systems require a lot of land in India, which is also one of the world's most highly populated countries, contributing to almost 17.7% of the global population.
Due to the scarcity of large tracts of land, energy firms are concentrating their efforts on installing solar panels above irrigation canals and rivers, on walls, and even offshore in reservoirs.
Solar plants built on canals have two key advantages: efficient, inexpensive land usage and reduced water evaporation from the canals.
A ten-megawatt plant has conserved 16 hectares of land and might avoid 90 million liters of water from evaporating every year. In addition, the lower temperatures caused by the water bodies beneath the canal-top plants increase panel efficiency by around 2.5 – 5%.
However, there are certain drawbacks. The cost of building canal-top solar plants is higher than that of conventional solar plants. Because the water below increases the danger of corrosion, the supports must be galvanized with a protective zinc coating.


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Indigenous Agriculture and Food Systems InitiativeGovernment of Canada
What this initiative offers
The objective of the Indigenous Agriculture and Food Systems Initiative is to increase economic development opportunities of Indigenous Peoples and communities in Canada. This initiative will support Indigenous communities and entrepreneurs who are ready to launch agriculture and food systems projects and others who want to build their capacity to participate in the Canadian agriculture and agri-food sector.Through this initiative, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) aims to contribute to the Government of Canada's commitment to reduce barriers for underrepresented groups and focus on building Indigenous Peoples' capacity to succeed in agriculture.
The initiative supports the development of partnerships between federal and non-federal partners, including Indigenous communities, provincial and territorial governments, and the private sector.


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Tango DDR
In my Interaction Design Foundations course, I explain to students that tangible interfaces are becoming widespread because they explore the human body as an input device. This makes the interaction more sociable and affective. In one class, I brought a Dance Dance Revolution pad for our students to experiment with and they took it to the next level.
Guilherme was shy to play, but accepted to participate in a bodystorming: I wanted to know what would happen if the position of the pad improved embodiment of the game. We put the pad in his shoulder and started to play.
The feeling of the game changed totally. Instead of executing mechanic movements in front of a screen, we've got an affective human interaction.
During the bodystorming, many ideas emerged how to hack the pad and use in clothes or garments, enabling more intimate dance, like Touch Tango DDR.
Alexandre proposed to make a fight game using the same interface. There is already a Mugen game tha explore the same gameplay of DDR:
This is the video of the bodystorming session.
Categories: Blog.
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text:
NANOSYSTEMS: PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, MATHEMATICS, 2013, 4 (2), P. 236–240
PERSISTENT CURRENT OSCILLATIONS IN ELECTRON-HOLE QUANTUM DOTS
A. A. Vasilchenko – Kuban State Technological University, Krasnodar, Russia; _EMAIL_
D. M. Tolkachev – Kuban State Technological University, Krasnodar, Russia; _EMAIL_
A system of Kohn-Sham equations was solved self-consistently for the two-dimensional, spatially separated electrons and holes. A series of magic numbers were found for the total angular momentum of the electrons and holes in a strong magnetic field. The change of the angular momentum of the charge carriers was shown to lead to oscillations of the persistent current.
Keywords: electron-hole quantum dots, the Kohn-Sham equations, persistent current.


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How to Get Previous Record Value in Oracle Forms?
To get previous record value in Oracle Forms, use Previous_Record built-in. Previous_Record command navigates to the next lower sequence number than the current record. To get the current record number you can use System.Cursor_Record system variable. Below is the example:
Get Previous Record Values in Oracle Forms Example
Suppose you have a database block EMP and there are fields empno, ename, job and you want to get previous record values for some purpose, then create a push button and on that button click trigger, use Previous_Record built-in as shown in the below example:
DECLARE
 l_prev_empno emp.empno%TYPE;
 l_prev_ename emp.ename%TYPE;
 l_prev_job emp.job%TYPE;
BEGIN
 IF TO_NUMBER (:SYSTEM.cursor_record) > 1
 THEN
 PREVIOUS_RECORD; /* move to the previous record and get previous record values */
 l_prev_empno := :emp.empno;
 l_prev_ename := :emp.ename;
 l_prev_job := :emp.job;
 NEXT_RECORD; /* come back to the current record */
 END IF;
END;
See also:


Composite adsorbents synthesized from zeolite 13X and CaCl2 were investigated for applications in solar adsorption systems. The effect of Ca-ion-exchange on the adsorption properties of zeolite 13X was studied. Sodium ions in the zeolite structure were replaced by calcium ions by ion exchange. It was found that the Ca-ion-exchange process decreased the specific surface areas of the Ca-ion-exchanged zeolites while the total pore volumes were increased. The optimized Ca-ion-exchange condition existed when soaking zeolite 13X in 46wt% CaCl2 solution for 36 hours. The increase in the total pore volume is good for further impregnating the zeolite with CaCl2. A large difference in equilibrium water uptake, 0.404g/g, between 25°C and 100°C under 870Pa was recorded for the 13X/CaCl2 composite adsorbent impregnated in 40wt% CaCl2 solution. This was 295% of that of zeolite 13X under the same condition. The 13X/CaCl2 composite adsorbent showed a high potential in replacing vapor compression chillers in producing chilled water for central air-conditioning systems.
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Waratahs Waratahs (Telopea speciosissima) Photo: Dianne Page
Woody Pear Woody Pear (Xylomelum pyriforme) Photo: Alan Page
Spring! Time for Waratahs and Woody Pears to step forward.
Both belong to the Proteaceae family -
The Waratah is found from Newcastle to Ulladulla and west to Lithgow - fully covering the Greater Blue Mountains.
The Woody Pear covers a similar area but is also found on the NSW North Coast.
Is it a Waratah or a Woody Pear?
Waratah or Woody Pear? Waratah or Woody Pear? Photo: Alan Page
They're easy to distinguish when they're in bud, flower or fruit - but when regrowing after a bushfire?
Is the plant shown here a Waratah or a Woody Pear?
Both species are 2-3 metre erect shrubs to small trees and regrow from lignotubers after fire.
Their leaves are similar and they're often found near each other.
It's hard to differentiate between them - except for one clear difference.
Woody Pear's leaves are opposite - Waratah's aren't.
This plant is a Woody Pear.
The Waratah (Telopea speciosissima)
Waratah Waratah Photo: Dianne Page
Simply magnificent!
The word "waratah" is Aboriginal for "beautiful", and "Telopea" is Greek for "seen from afar".
Admiring Waratahs in bloom is a highlight of many Blue Mountains bushwalks in spring.
On a walk last year out to Hanging Rock and Baltzer Lookout near Blackheath (Burramoko Trail), I stopped several times and counted the Waratah flower-heads in a 360 degree sweep.
The first time I stopped I counted almost 20, the next time 50 or so. The biggest tally was over 80.
The Waratah is the Floral emblem of NSW.
The Waratah in bud, flower and fruit.
(not the same plant)
Waratah bud Waratah bud (Dianne Page)
Waratah flower Waratah flower (Dianne Page)
Waratah fruit Waratah fruit (Dianne Page)
The Woody Pear (Xylomelum pyriforme)
Woody Pear Woody Pear Photo: Alan Page
The transformation from bud to flower to fruit is truly amazing as the images below show.
The velvety tactile new growth makes you reach out and gently touch its leaves.
The flowers remind you of other members of its family - grevilleas, banksias and hakeas.
The 7cm long pear-shaped fruit completes this unique plant.
Both the Xylomelum and Telopea genus are endemic to Australia.
The Woody Pear in bud, flower and fruit.
(not the same plant)
Woody Pear bud Woody Pear bud (Alan Page)
Woody Pear flower Woody Pear flower (Alan Page)
Woody Pear fruit Woody Pear fruit (Alan Page)


text:
how does she make all those faces?
Gregory Blue, 507 Sharpless St., West Chester, PA, 19382
Are you curious to see how a sculpture can go from an idea to reality? This demo will show the simple techniques of pinchpot, coil and slab building to create unique and whimsical figures in clay.
About the Demonstration
Each sculpture begins with a pinch pot head and I had the details, one by one. I will show you how I decide on the size and shape of the skull and how simple shapes become the features.


text:
History and Chronological Outline
History and Chronological Outline
In Oct. 2005, we have moved to the leading-ege campus from Hakozaki Campus–a heritage of Kyushu University.
The Function Class of Applied Chemistry Course is currently in Kyushu University Faculty of Engineering Department of Materials Science and Engineering. The origin of the Function Class dates back tothe Department of Applied Chemistry which was established in 1911 and it has the longest history and tradition as an engineering chemistry department next to the University of Tokyo and Kyoto University.
With the surge of the petrochemical industry in the period of high economic growth,in 1957, the Department of Synthetic Chemistry (now Molecules Class) focusing on organic chemistry was established based on the Department of Applied Chemistry as its matrix. Subsequently with the emphasis on the graduate school in the 1990's, the departments of Applied Chemistry and Synthetic Chemistry were unified to establish the Department of Applied Material Chemistry in 1991 and the two departments were renamed as the Functional Materials Science Course and Molecular System Engineering Course within the department.
Furthermore, in 1997, the Department of Applied Material Chemistry and two other departments were put together as one to establish the Department of Materials Science and Engineering consisting of three courses. At that time, the traditional name of applied chemistry was revived for the Functional Materials Course and Molecular System Engineering Course to organize the Applied Chemistry Course and Function and Molecules have been taught in two classes within the same course (Functional Materials Course and Molecular System Engineering Course) to today. In 2005, the department moved location from the historical Hakozaki Campus to Ito Campus equipped with the latest facilities which serves as the center of materials science studies that leads academia and industry in the 21st century where the activities of research and education are actively pursued.
The Applied Chemistry Course has been turning out many brilliant human resources as well as achieving remarkable results in education and research as the leader of applied chemistry research in each era throughout its 100 years of history. The graduates of the Function Class are active in top positions in the scenes of research and development in industries, academia and government as well as in various quarters as leading figures of the business community and as presidents of top universities.
The academic research of the Function Class has been continuing to lead the world since before World War II to today. Many of the results produced in the research laboratories of the Class have published in the texts used in the lectures for undergraduate schools and graduate schools as important academic foundations and are have often become the basic knowledge of students, researchers and engineers worldwide today. At present, the Function Class and Molecules Class are conducting top level of research in their respective disciplines while maintaining a relationship of "friendly competition". In the aspect of education, the instructors form the nucleus of both classes under close liaison who are striving to establish a center of research and education which would lead the world centered on the 21st Century COE and Global COE programs. Furthermore, they are continuing to have tremendous impact on the industrial world through collaborative research and venture creation.


text:
Some symbols of friendship include yellow roses, pine trees and pandas. Yellow roses are considered a symbol of friendship (as well as joy) because of their color, which is bright, cheerful and pleasant without the romantic or passionate connotations of other rose colors.Continue Reading
The panda and pine tree are both traditional Chinese symbols of friendship.
Given its evergreen nature, the pine tree, which is revered in traditional Chinese culture, symbolizes friendship in the face of adversity. Meanwhile, as a symbol of lasting friendship, the panda also symbolizes harmony (because of its black and white pelt, which is reminiscent of the yin and yang) and peace (because of its gentle demeanor and, in contrast to other bears, its vegetarian diet).Learn more about Symbolism


text:
Create a protective sphere
Hand gesture, fear, concentration
Orb Shield is the ability to create a sphere or barrier out of orbs in order to defend oneself or others. It is a form of Force Field which appears as translucent blue energy. This power is a highly focused advancement of Telekinetic Orbing, developed by Wyatt Halliwell and Paige Matthews.
Using this power, the possessor can:
- Shield against harm; most notably projectile attacks.
- Repel enemies and powers with the force of the shield.
- Project a shield around something in order to protect or contain it.
Wyatt Halliwell was the first shown user of this power. He was usually using it in a form of protective bubble, he used it in this form for the first time in the episode "Baby's First Demon", when he was attacked by a demon for the first time. Paige developed this power when being attacked by demons in the comic "Innocents Lost". While alerting Piper to a demon's approaching fire throwing power, Paige raised her arm, blocking the attack with an Orb Shield. She used this power at will for the first time in "Unnatural Resources", while protecting herself from falling debris and fireballs.
The Orb Shield can be manipulated by other powers. A demon was seen hitting the Orb Shield with a beam, which caused the bubble to fly away, along with everything inside of the bubble. In "It's a Bad, Bad, Bad, Bad World", Gideon was able to orb the protective bubble with Wyatt inside by channeling Electrokinesis into the bubble, establishing contact, and then orbing away with it. In "The Heavens Can Wait", Paige kept the shield around her sisters long enough for Phoebe to lift it with her Levitation and for Piper to move it across a battlefield with her Molecular Acceleration.
In "Sam, I Am", Wyatt created this shield over Piper's stomach while he was in her womb. This was the first time an Orb Shield was used, however, it had differed from the later usual spherical form. In "Prue Ya Gonna Call?", when Prue Halliwell acquires this power during the magical switch, she produces a small Orb Shield in front of her right arm, resembling the form Wyatt used from the womb in "Sam, I Am".
- So far, the Orb Shield was shown to protect four people at most.
- Although he used other powers from inside the womb, this was the first power Wyatt Halliwell used after he was born.
- This was the first new power gained in the Comics.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Best Kids' Wakeboards
Updated November 2020
Why trust BestReviews?
Bottom Line
How we decided
35 Models Considered
8 Hours Researched
2 Experts Interviewed
150 Consumers Consulted
Zero products received from manufacturers.
Buying guide for best kids' wakeboards
Wakeboarding is to waterskiing what snowboarding is to skiing, so kids are often drawn to its cool image. If your child wants to get into wakeboarding, you'll need to buy an appropriate kids' wakeboard for her to learn and practice on. Although some facilities may rent wakeboards, they don't always have great options for kids. Plus, if your child really takes to the sport, she will eventually want her own wakeboard, anyway, so it works out cheaper in the long run to purchase one, rather than throwing away money on rental fees.
There's plenty to consider when buying a kids' wakeboard, so it can be baffling, especially if you're not a wakeboarder yourself. For starters, the board will need to be an appropriate length for the size of your child and have appropriately sized bindings. You'll also need to consider a range of other factors, such as the rocker, edges, and base style.
Either choose from one of our top kids' wakeboards or read our full guide below to learn more.
Pick a stable and buoyant kids' wakeboard, especially if your child is new to the sport.
Key considerations
Kids' wakeboards are measured in centimeters, and models are often only available in a single length. The exact length varies depending on the brand and model, but they generally measure between 115 and 130 centimeters. As a rule, longer boards are better for kids who weigh more and shorter boards are better for kids who weigh less. So, if your child is of an average weight for their age, younger kids tend to require shorter board than older kids. Slightly longer boards can provide more stability, but this can come at the price of maneuverability, so don't choose any board that's too long for your child's height and weight.
The term "rocker" refers to the way that a wakeboard curves lengthwise, from end to end. The majority of kids' wakeboards feature what is known as "continuous rocker." Wakeboards with continuous rocker have a gradual curve from end to end (whereas those with three-stage rocker have a flat bottom with a steep curve at either end). Continuous rocker gives you a smooth ride and easier maneuverability, which is ideal for the majority of kids. However, you can also find a handful of kids' wakeboards with three-stage rocker, which is better for performing jumps and other tricks. Those with a mild three-stage rocker is preferable, which means the upward curve at each end is slightly less pronounced. This gives the rider a better middle ground between a smooth, stable ride and the ability to catch air with ease.
The base, or underside, of a kids' wakeboard may have various protrusions and dips that impact the performance. Channels are long thin ridges that help to break the surface tension of the water for a smoother riding experience. Concaves are dents that create lift, allowing a wakeboard to almost hover on the water. Again, this gives you a smoother ride, which is excellent for young riders still finding their balance. V-spines are meant to help soften landings after jumps, so they aren't hugely common on wakeboards for kids, unless they're designed for intermediate or advanced junior wakeboarders.
Kids' wakeboard edges can either be rounded or sharp, though the majority are rounded. Wakeboards with rounded edges are slower and have poorer acceleration, but are more stable and therefore excellent for young riders. Boards with sharp edges give better acceleration and overall speed through the water and are great for carving through boat wakes, but are more challenging to master, so they're best left to people with a greater amount of experience on the water.
Bindings are the boots that keep a rider's feet attached to the wakeboard. Although the bulk of kids' wakeboards have bindings included, some don't so you'll need to buy them separately.
This isn't too hard a task, however, since bindings are universal and should fit any standard kids' wakeboard. In addition to choosing bindings of the correct size to fit your child's feet, you'll need to choose between open-toe and closed-toe bindings.
Open-toe bindings are like boots with the toe part cut off. They give great heel-toe response and tend to be included with more affordable kids' wakeboard packages. Although they're not a one-size-fits-all solution, each pair will fit a range of three to four shoe sizes. This will accommodate quickly growing feet and is helpful if you have two or more kids with different sized feet who'll share the same wakeboard.
Closed-toe bindings are more like a complete boot. They give the rider slightly more control over their board, are more padded and comfortable than open-toe options, and keep the feet warmer. While they're not as versatile, size-wise, as open-toe bindings, they're usually designed to fit two shoe sizes, such as 8 to 9 or 11 to 12. Since closed-toe bindings are more expensive to produce, they tend to only be found on high-end kids' wakeboards.
Fins are an optional extra for kids' wakeboards. Although wakeboards function perfectly without them, fins provide more grip to the water's surface and overall stability. As such, fins can be useful for beginner riders, especially long fins, which provide the greatest amount of grip and stability. The downside is that fins make it more difficult to lift out of the water for jumps and tricks, though this isn't a huge issue for kids who are just starting out. Wakeboard fins can either be removable or molded into the body of the board.
Kids' wakeboards with removable fins are more versatile, since you can choose between fins or no fins, and a board with the fin removed is easier to transport and store.
While it doesn't affect performance in any way, kids naturally want wakeboards with cool patterns or designs. You shouldn't choose a kids' wakeboard based on design alone, but if you narrow your options down to a shortlist, you could let your child choose which design he likes best. If you find a kids' wakeboard marked as a "blem" board, this means there's a blemish of some kind in the design. Blem boards are cheaper than equivalent unblemished wakeboards, and sometimes the flaw in the design makes a cool or unique effect that you won't find on other boards of the same make and model.
For your safety
Your child should always wear a life jacket or personal floatation device while wakeboarding, even if she's a strong swimmer.
Kids' wakeboard prices
Kids' wakeboards need all the same components as adult wakeboards, they're just slightly smaller, so they're not much cheaper than their full-sized counterparts.
Inexpensive: You can find a handful of inexpensive kids' wakeboards between $100 and $150. These are either extremely basic models or are blem boards (wakeboards with some kind of blemish, such as a misaligned design).
Mid-range: You can find some excellent kids' wakeboards for $150 to $250, so the majority of buyers don't need to spend more than this.
Expensive: High-end kids' wakeboards cost as much as $250 to $350. These are generally made for bigger kids and young teens or are for more experienced young wakeboarders.
 - Choose a lightweight kids' wakeboard. It shouldn't be too heavy for your child to carry or lift out of the water. Young children might still need some assistance, but kids of around 8 years old and up should be able to handle their board solo.
 - Pick a kids' wakeboard that's suited to your child's experience. The majority of kids' wakeboards are designed for beginners, but you can find some suited to more advanced youngsters.
 - Consider where your child will be wakeboarding. Will she be pulled from a boat or riding at a cable park? Boards designed for park use tend to have more flex and fewer protruding features that could catch on hardware at a cable park.
 - Think about how often your child will use his wakeboard. If you live near a place where you can wakeboard year-round (weather conditions permitting) and your child may advance quickly as a result, it may be worth buying a somewhat higher-end board. On the other hand, a budget wakeboard will suffice if your child will only be riding it for a week or two in the summer.
Twin-tipped wakeboards are the same on board ends, so they can be ridden either way. The majority of modern kids' wakeboards are twin-tipped.
Q. Is wakeboarding safe for children?
There's a risk of injury with any physical activity, so it's impossible to say that wakeboarding is 100% safe for children, but that shouldn't put you off. As long as you teach your child to wakeboard carefully and don't push them to perform above his abilities, there shouldn't be any major issues. It's crucial that your child wears a personal floatation device, and we also highly recommend a protective helmet.
Q. How can I teach my kid to wakeboard?
If you're an experienced wakeboarder, you may be able to teach your child yourself. If you're not, or you just don't feel comfortable teaching, look for a local wakeboard instructor that specializes in working with kids. If you have a local cable park, that's a sensible place to start looking for instructors. Otherwise, ask around


text:
The State of Washington is a nature lovers dream. The natural scenery in the state is some of the most breath taking and awe-inspiring in the entire United States. Buy bundle of trees and make significant impact on Washington's environment. Gift giving is an act that can show that you are thankful.
Giving is an emotion. It's not logical. Plant trees, give this unique gift and feel sincere gratitude when you give something that elevates happiness and wellbeing of all of us.
Why is it important to plant trees? They prevent erosion of the soil, as well as provide a home for a variety of animals. Of critical importance to humans, they also play a major role in producing the oxygen we breathe and cleaning carbon dioxide out of the air. "Look deep into nature, and then you will understand everything better." ~ Albert Einstein
With every purchase, you will receive an e-mail with the official My Tree Planet Color Certificate. This e-mail and the attached Certificate will be sent within 24 hours (or sooner) after your purchase. You can also order a physical copy of this Certificate for an additional charge.


BCn Texture Compression
A widely available texture compression comes from S3, mostly due to Microsoft licensing it and including it into DirectX 7. It uses the file format.dds (DirectDraw Surface), which is basically a copy of the texture in video memory. Every graphics accelerator compatible with DirectX 7 or higher supports this texture compression.
The BCn Formats are:
BC1 = DXT1 = 8 Bytes per Block, Accuracy: R5G6B5 or R5G5B5A1 (0.5 Byte/Texel)
BC2 = DXT3 = 16 Bytes per Block, Accuracy: R5G6B5A8 (1 Byte/Texel)
BC3 = DXT5 = 16 Bytes per Block, Accuracy: R5G6B5A8 (1 Byte/Texel)
BC4 = Basically this is only the alpha channel from DXT5 without the color channel. CompressedRedRgtc1 (0.5 Byte/Texel)
BC5 = This is 2 channels of BC4, twice the size. CompressedRgRgtc1 (1 Byte/Texel)
BC1, 2 and 3 from EXT_texture_compression_s3tc (DirectX7+ Hardware)
BC4 and 5 from ARB_texture_compression_rtgc. (~DirectX10 Hardware)
The formats DXT2 and DXT4 do exist, but they include pre-multiplied Alpha which is problematic when blending with images with explicit Alpha (RGBA, DXT3/5, etc). That's why those formats have barely been used, and are partially not supported by hardware and export/import tools and they have no BCn number.
Compressed vs. Uncompressed
Texture compression encodes the whole Image into blocks of 4x4 Texel, instead of storing every single Texel of the Image. Thus the ideal compressed Texture dimension is a multiple of 4, like 640x480 or a power of 2, which can be nicely fit into these Blocks. This is the ideal and not a restriction, the specification allows any non-power-of-two dimension, but will internally use a 4x4 Block for a Texture with the size of 2x1 (the other Texels in the Block are undefined).
You probably guessed it already, there is a catch involved when reliably shrinking an image to 25% of it's uncompressed size: A lossy compression technique. This quality loss involved, which can be altered by tweaking the Filter options when compressing the image, is different to the one used in JPG compression. Although both formats -.dds and.jpg - are designed to compress an Image, the S3TC format was developed with graphics hardware in mind.
A bilinear Texture lookup usually reads 2x2 Texels from the Texture and interpolates those 4 Texels to get the final Color. Since a Block consists of 4x4 Texels, there is a good chance that all 4 Texels - which must be examined for the bilinear lookup - are in the same Block. This means that the worst case scenario involves reading 4 Blocks, but usually only 1-2 Blocks are used to achieve the bilinear lookup. When using uncompressed Textures, every bilinear lookup requires reading 4 Texels.
If you do the maths now you will notice that the compressed image actually needs 16 Bytes for 1 Block of RGBA Color, but the uncompressed 4 Texels of RGBA need 16 Bytes too. And yes, if you would only draw a single Pixel on the screen all this would not bring any noticable performance gains, actually it would be slower if multiple Blocks must be read to do the lookup.
However in OpenGL you typically draw more than a single Pixel, at least a Triangle. When the Triangle is rasterized, alot of Pixels will be very close to each other, which means their 2x2 lookup is very likely in the same 4x4 Block used by the last lookup, or a close neighbour. Graphic cards usually support this locality by using a small amount of memory in the chip for a dedicated Texture Cache. If a Cache hit is made, the cost for reading the Texels is very low, compared to reading from Video Memory.
That's why S3TC does decrease render times: the earlier mentioned 16 Bytes of a DXTn Block contain 16 Texels (1 Byte per Texel), while 16 Bytes of uncompressed Texture only contain 4 Texels (4 Bytes per Texel). Alot more data is stored in the 16 Bytes of DXTn, and alot of lookups will be able to use the fast Texture Cache. The game Quake 3 Arena's Framerate increases by ~20% when using compressed Textures, compared to using uncompressed Textures.
Although you might be convinced now that Texture Compression is something worth looking into, do handle it with care. After all, it's a lossy compression Technique which introduces compression Artifacts into the Texture. For Textures that are close to the Viewer this will be noticed, that's why 2D Elements which are drawn very close to the near Plane - like the Mouse Cursor, Fonts or User Interface Elements like the Health display - are usually done with uncompressed Textures, which do not suffer from Artifacts.
As a rule of thumb, do not use Texture Compression where 1 Texel in the Texture will map to 1 Pixel on the Screen.
Using OpenTK.Utilities.dds loader
At the time of writing, the.dds loader included with OpenTK can handle compressed 2D Textures and compressed Cube Maps. Keep in mind that the loader expects a valid OpenGL Context to be present. It will only read the file from disk and upload all MipMap levels to OpenGL. It will NOT set minification/magnification filter or wrapping mode, because it cannot guess how you intent to use it.
void LoadFromDisk( string filename, bool flip, out int texturehandle, out TextureTarget dimension)
Input Parameter: filename
A string used to locate the DDS file on the harddisk, note that escape-sequences like "\n" are NOT stripped from the string.
Input Parameter: flip
The DDS format is designed to be used with DirectX, and that defines GL.TexCoord2(0.0, 0.0) at top-left, while OpenGL uses bottom-left. If you wish to use the default OpenGL Texture Matrix, the Image must be flipped before loading it as Texture into OpenGL.
Output Parameter: texturehandle
If there occured any error while loading, the loader will return "0" in this parameter. If >0 it's a valid Texture that can be used with GL.BindTexture.
Output Parameter: dimension
This parameter is used to identify what was loaded, currently it can return "Invalid", "Texture2D" or "TextureCube".
Example Usage
TextureTarget ImageTextureTarget;
int ImageTextureHandle;
ImageDDS.LoadFromDisk( @"", true, out ImageTextureHandle, out ImageTextureTarget );
if ( ImageTextureHandle == 0 || ImageTextureTarget == TextureTarget.Invalid )
 // loading failed
// load succeeded, Texture can be used.
GL.BindTexture( ImageTextureTarget, ImageTextureHandle );
GL.TexParameter( ImageTextureTarget, TextureParameterName.TextureMagFilter, (int) TextureMagFilter.Linear );
int[] MipMapCount = new int[1];
GL.GetTexParameter( ImageTextureTarget, GetTextureParameter.TextureMaxLevel, out MipMapCount[0] );
if ( MipMapCount == 0 ) // if no MipMaps are present, use linear Filter
 GL.TexParameter( ImageTextureTarget, TextureParameterName.TextureMinFilter, (int) TextureMinFilter.Linear );
else // MipMaps are present, use trilinear Filter
 GL.TexParameter( ImageTextureTarget, TextureParameterName.TextureMinFilter, (int) TextureMinFilter.LinearMipmapLinear );
Remember that you must first GL.Enable the states Texture2D or TextureCube, before using the Texture in drawing.
Useful links:
ATi Compressonator:
nVidia's Photoshop Plugin:
nVidia's GPU-accelerated Texture Tools:
Detailed comparison of uncompressed vs. compressed Images:
OpenGL Extension Specification:
Microsoft's.dds file format specification (was used to build the OpenTK.dds loader)
DXT Compression using CUDA
Real-Time YCoCg-DXT Compression
Last Update of the Links: January 2008


Skip to content
Networking and communicating with containers
Exposing container ports to the host
It is common to want to connect to a container from your test process, running on the test 'host' machine. For example, you may be testing some code that needs to connect to a backend or data store container.
Generally, each required port needs to be explicitly exposed. For example, we can specify one or more ports as follows:
req := ContainerRequest{
 Image: nginxAlpineImage,
 ExposedPorts: []string{nginxDefaultPort},
 WaitingFor: wait.ForListeningPort(nginxDefaultPort),
}
Note that this exposed port number is from the perspective of the container.
From the host's perspective Testcontainers actually exposes this on a random free port. This is by design, to avoid port collisions that may arise with locally running software or in between parallel test runs.
Because there is this layer of indirection, it is necessary to ask Testcontainers for the actual mapped port at runtime. This can be done using the MappedPort function, which takes the original (container) port as an argument:
port, err := container.MappedPort(ctx, nginxDefaultPort)
Warning
Because the randomised port mapping happens during container startup, the container must be running at the time MappedPort is called. You may need to ensure that the startup order of components in your tests caters for this.
Getting the container host
When running with a local Docker daemon, exposed ports will usually be reachable on localhost. However, in some CI environments they may instead be reachable on a different host.
As such, Testcontainers provides a convenience function to obtain an address on which the container should be reachable from the host machine.
ip, _ := nginxC.Host(ctx)
It is normally advisable to use Host and MappedPort together when constructing addresses - for example:
ip, _ := nginxC.Host(ctx)
port, _ := nginxC.MappedPort(ctx, "80")
_, _ = http.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://%s:%s", ip, port.Port()))
Info
Setting the TC_HOST environment variable overrides the host of the docker daemon where the container port is exposed. For example, TC_HOST=172.17.0.1.
Docker's host networking mode
From Docker documentation:
If you use the host network mode for a container, that container's network stack is not isolated from the Docker host (the container shares the host's networking namespace), and the container does not get its own IP-address allocated. For instance, if you run a container which binds to port 80 and you use host networking, the container's application is available on port 80 on the host's IP address.
But according to those docs, it's supported only for Linux hosts:
The host networking driver only works on Linux hosts, and is not supported on Docker Desktop for Mac, Docker Desktop for Windows, or Docker EE for Windows Server.
In the case you need to skip a test on non-Linux hosts, you can use the SkipIfDockerDesktop function:
ctx := context.Background()
SkipIfDockerDesktop(t, ctx)
It will try to get a Docker client and obtain its Info. In the case the Operation System is "Docker Desktop", it will skip the test.
Advanced networking
Docker provides the ability for you to create custom networks and place containers on one or more networks. Then, communication can occur between networked containers without the need of exposing ports through the host. With Testcontainers, you can do this as well.
Tip
Note that Testcontainers for Go allows a container to be on multiple networks including network aliases.
For more information about how to create networks using Testcontainers for Go, please refer to the How to create a network section.
func TestContainerAttachedToNewNetwork(t *testing.T) {
 ctx := context.Background()
 newNetwork, err := network.New(ctx, network.WithCheckDuplicate())
 if err != nil {
 t.Fatal(err)
 }
 t.Cleanup(func() {
 require.NoError(t, newNetwork.Remove(ctx))
 })
 networkName := newNetwork.Name
 aliases := []string{"alias1", "alias2", "alias3"}
 gcr := testcontainers.GenericContainerRequest{
 ContainerRequest: testcontainers.ContainerRequest{
 Image: nginxAlpineImage,
 ExposedPorts: []string{
 nginxDefaultPort,
 },
 Networks: []string{
 networkName,
 },
 NetworkAliases: map[string][]string{
 networkName: aliases,
 },
 },
 Started: true,
 }
 nginx, err := testcontainers.GenericContainer(ctx, gcr)
 require.NoError(t, err)
 defer func() {
 require.NoError(t, nginx.Terminate(ctx))
 }()
 networks, err := nginx.Networks(ctx)
 if err != nil {
 t.Fatal(err)
 }
 if len(networks) != 1 {
 t.Errorf("Expected networks 1. Got '%d'.", len(networks))
 }
 network := networks[0]
 if network != networkName {
 t.Errorf("Expected network name '%s'. Got '%s'.", networkName, network)
 }
 networkAliases, err := nginx.NetworkAliases(ctx)
 if err != nil {
 t.Fatal(err)
 }
 if len(networkAliases) != 1 {
 t.Errorf("Expected network aliases for 1 network. Got '%d'.", len(networkAliases))
 }
 networkAlias := networkAliases[networkName]
 require.NotEmpty(t, networkAlias)
 for _, alias := range aliases {
 require.Contains(t, networkAlias, alias)
 }
 networkIP, err := nginx.ContainerIP(ctx)
 if err != nil {
 t.Fatal(err)
 }
 if len(networkIP) == 0 {
 t.Errorf("Expected an IP address, got %v", networkIP)
 }
}


Hyperbits: the information quasiparticles
Marcin Pawlowski, Andreas J Winter
Research output: Contribution to journalArticle (Academic Journal)peer-review
25 Citations (Scopus)
Abstract
Information theory has its particles, bits and qubits, just as physics has electrons and photons. However, in physics we have a special category of objects with no clear counterparts in information theory: quasiparticles. They are introduced to simplify complex emergent phenomena making otherwise very difficult calculations possible and providing additional insight into the inner workings of the system. We show that we can adopt a similar approach in information theory. We introduce the hyperbits, information quasiparticles which we prove to be a resource equivalent to entanglement and classical communication, and we give examples of how they can be used to simplify calculations and get more insight into communication protocols.
Original languageEnglish
Article number022331
Number of pages6
JournalPhysical Review A: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
Volume85
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 23 Feb 2012
Fingerprint
Dive into the research topics of 'Hyperbits: the information quasiparticles'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this


text:
John Gottman's research reveals that 69% of conflict in relationships is due to unrealized expectations that come out in the relationship. In Conscious Mating we refer to what you want for your life and relationship your "Vision."
In this program you will learn:
- What is "Vision" and why is it important to relationship success?
- How to gain clarity about your individual vision
- How to develop a shared vision for your life together
- The role of vision in determining long-term compatibility in dating and pre-committed relationships
- How to use a "Conscious Mating Plan" to make your dreams come true in your life and relationship together
- And more!


text:
On 26 May, on a chilly afternoon in Oslo, the Norwegian Minister of International Development Mr. Dag-Inge Ulstein and his delegation took a zero emissions virtual trip across the globe to visit UNDP's dedicated team on the ground in Madagascar. UNDP Resident Representative Natasha Van Rijn greeted him in Antananarivo, and the journey took him to two project sites in Androy, the drought ridden region on the southern tip of Madagascar. There the minister met with representatives of the local communities and local government to learn more about the challenges and opportunities they are facing.
The population is currently confronted with a double crisis of drought-induced hunger and the effects of Covid-19, and 1.3 million people require immediate and continued humanitarian support. "What is killing this region slowly but surely is the degradation of the environment," the Governor of Androy Mr. Soja Lahimaro affirmed, highlighting the severe challenges of climate change and his worries about school attendance of children in the region.
Restoration of sand dunes addressing both poverty and climate change
The Minister went on a virtual tour of the sand dunes in Ambazoa, and UNDP's restoration project of the dunes through cash for work. This project creates income-generating activities for the local community, and increases their resilience to drought which had caused the dunes to cover arable lands.
The Minister spoke to two members of the community who worked on the sand dunes project, where they reflected on their experiences with the project and how it impacted their lives. "I was able to save some money and could buy fishing equipment to continue the family business" said Ms. Zoelina, who lives in the fokontany (village) of Ikotoala in Ambazoa. She is a mother of three children and conducts fishing activities with her husband to support her household.
Rural track rehabilitation stimulates economic activity and provides income opportunities in Soamanitra Beloha
The Minister journeyed on to visit UNDP's restoration of a rural track in Soamanitra Beloha. More than 1759 persons from vulnerable households were mobilized to restore the 35 km stretch of road. As a result, they have been able to develop income-generating activities that have increased their resilience to drought and open up the communeAfter the tour, the Minister spoke to two local representatives on how the rehabilitated road has helped address environmental degradation and poverty in the area. "We can now travel to the market to sell our products. I have 15 children and 6 grandchildren, and the savings from my earnings on the project enabled me to help feed them, and we were able to stay here despite the drought," said Mr. Farasoa Masimana, the chief of Marokipa Tranovaho village.
"It's really nice to see the holistic way that the UNDP works together with the community and the important impact that you have just shared for your family," the Norwegian Minister noted, as he exchanged with Mr. Farasoa Masimana and Mr. Voasoro Gustave, Deputy Mayor of Tranovaho.
UNDP bringing partners together around development solutions
Resident Representative Natasha Van Rijn underscored that the complex challenges the region is facing calls for multi-faceted and systems-based solutions and that "the UNDP is taking the opportunity to use its integrator role, not only within the UNDP system but also with the other partners in Madagascar," emphasizing Norway's core contributions and consistent support is what makes this work possible.
Learn more about UNDP's work in Madagascar here:


Write the net ionic equation (including phases) that corresponds to.
Write the net ionic equation (including phases) that corresponds to Pb(NO3)2(aq)+K2S(aq)—>PbS(s)+2KNO3(aq)
Answer ( 1 )
 1. Composing Net Ionic Equations for Chemical Reactions
 A concoction condition is a brief way of passing on data with respect to the cooperating reagents in a substance response. The ordinary arrangement is to compose the reactants on the left-hand side of a right-pointing bolt, and the items on the right-hand side. Conditions of issue (stages like strong, gas, fluid) are incorporated, and all particles are adjusted, similar to the charges.
 Presently, a portion of the reactants separate into particles in arrangement. Henceforth, an ionic condition can be worked out for any response. Particles that don't separate are left all things considered.
 At the point when the observer particles (those that seem unaltered on either side of the bolt) are counteracted from the ionic condition, at that point we are left with what is named the 'net' ionic condition.
 Answer and Explanation:
 How about we open out the reactants into their constituent particles, noticing that one of them, PbS isn't solvent and henceforth doesn't ionize.
 Pb2+(aq) +2NO−3(aq)+2K+(aq) +S2−(aq) →PbS(s)+2K+(aq) +2NO−3(aq)
 The observer particles (those that show up on the two sides of the bolt) are K+ and NO−3. When we offset these, we are left with the accompanying net ionic condition:
 Pb2+(aq) +S2−(aq)→PbS(s)
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Optical EngineeringNear field of light diffracted by an ultrasonic wave, beyond the Raman-Nath diffraction regime
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The near field of ultrasonically diffracted light is examined for a wide range of Raman?Nath (v) and Klein?Cook (Q) parameter values up to the region of total light rediffraction phenomenon occurrence to the zeroeth diffraction order. The behavior of the secondary interference plane position is studied, both theoretically and experimentally, for various Q and v values. In addition, the relationship is shown between diffracted light intensity modulation minima localization shift and rediffraction phenomenon. A comparison is made of the results of the general Fresnel region theory, including the influence of complex light amplitudes over the diffracted light intensity distribution, with those obtained from Cook's simplified near-field description. The same, limited validity range of the latter theory is revealed. For all the experimental conditions considered, quite good agreement is observed between experimental data obtained and the appropriate theoretical predictions.


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Definition of tableware
n. - Ware, or articles collectively, for table use. 2
The word "tableware" uses 9 letters: A A B E E L R T W.
No direct anagrams for tableware found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after tableware (in bold), or to aabeelrtw in any order:
s - tablewares
All words formed from tableware by changing one letter
Browse words starting with tableware by next letter


Double A-Frame Monkey Bridge
—> View Video of Bridge Construction
Adjusting knots and lashings after the first test crossing.
The well-known, time-tested, traditional Monkey Bridge is perhaps the most familiar of all Scout pioneering projects. It's frequently featured at Scout Expos, Camporees, Scout Camps, and is often a central attraction at public gatherings where Scouting is represented.
The following instructions and guidelines are provided by Adolph Peschke, taken from the 1993 edition of the Pioneering Merit Badge Pamphlet:
Link to: Older Pamphlet InfoUsing a double A-frame to build a monkey bridge is a departure from the usual X-frame that supports the foot rope and hand ropes. This new method has two distinct advantages over the X- frame version. First, the double A-frame provides a wider base making it less likely to tip over. The second advantage is that the positions of the A-frames can be adjusted so the span between the hand ropes can be narrowed for better balance as you make the crossing.
Building the A-frames. The first step in building the monkey bridge is to build four A-frames using the 8-foot spars for the two legs, and 6-foot spars for the ledger. Lay out the first set of three spars (two legs and one ledger) on the ground in position for lashing. Before lashing, drive three stakes, as follows, to help you make all four A-frames the same size: Drive a stake at the top to mark where the leg spars cross. Then drive stakes to mark the positions of where the bottom ledger crosses the legs. This will also indicate how far the legs are spread apart. Now you can lash the four A-frames together, laying them out one at a time using the stakes. Remember that all three lashings on the A-frames are square lashings, even though the spars cross at less than 90˚ angle.
Schematic of A-frame alignment
Double A-frame. When you have four A-frames, you can lash two of them together to form a double A-frame. (see figure 140). Lay one A-frame on the ground and then put another on top of it so that the bottom ledgers overlap one-half their length (approximately 3 feet). The first step in lashing the A-frames together is to go up where the two legs cross (the X formed by one leg from each A-frame). Then with a good tight square lashing, lash the two legs together.
Note: The point where these two legs are lashed together is where the foot rope will rest. You can adjust the overlap of the two A-frames to adjust how high the foot rope will be off the ground. Also note where the tops of the A-frames are, because this is where the hand ropes will be. To complete the double A-frame, stand it up so the butt ends of all four legs rest solidly on level ground. Lash the two bottom ledgers together where they overlap with three strop lashings. Now repeat the entire process to build the second double A-frame.
Laying out the distance between A-frames and anchors
Site preparation. Before you can erect the double A-frames, you need to prepare the site. Begin by stretching a length of binder twine along the center line of where the monkey bridge is to be built. Working from the center, measure 10 feet toward each end to mark where the A-frames are to be placed. They should be 20 feet apart. Then mark out another 10′ from each A-frame to where the anchors are to be built.
Note: These dimensions are for building a bridge with a 20-foot span. This is the maximum span for a bridge using a 50-foot rope. The extra 30 feet of rope is needed to have 15 feet of rope at each end for the proper distance from the A-frames to the anchors (10 feet) and for the knots at the anchors (5 feet).
Build the anchors. The foot rope will be attached to anchors at both ends. Before erecting the double A-frames, build a 3-2-1 anchor, or a log and stake anchor, 10 feet from where the A-frames will be erected (see figure 141).
Rope grommet. After the anchors are built, attach a rope grommet with a ring or shackle in it. (You can make the rope grommet with a 10-foot length of 1/2-inch diameter polypropylene rope. Tie the ends together using a carrick bend, and permanently secure the ends with some strong twine).
Position the A-frames. Prepare to erect the monkey bridge by moving the A-frames into position no more than 20 feet apart. Lay them down on the binder twine that marks the center line of the bridge.
Hand and foot ropes. Now you can prepare the foot and hand ropes for the monkey bridge. Lay the foot rope in a straight line off to the side of where the A-frames are laying. Then lay the two hand ropes on the ground next to each other so they're parallel to the foot rope and 42 inches away.
Stringer ropes. Now you can add the stringer ropes that will go from the foot rope to the hand ropes. Start by tying the center of an 8-foot long stringer rope (use 1/4-inch manila rope) at the center of the foot rope, using a clove hitch. The stringer rope is tied around the foot rope so that both ends are 4 feet long. Add two more stringer ropes on both sides of the center stringer rope (so there are five stringer ropes in all), tying them about 4 feet apart. Tie one end of each stringer rope to one of the hand ropes, again using a clove hitch. Then do the same with the other ends of the stringer ropes, attaching them to the other hand rope.
Assemble the bridge. You're just about ready to assemble the bridge. First place a piece of heavy canvas (called a "saddle") in the V formed by both double A-frames. This will protect the foot rope and allow it to slide a little in the V without interfering with the lashing rope.
Schematic of foot, hand ropes and anchors
Now get the crew together to erect the bridge. You will need a safety officer to watch for any problems that might occur, and a signal caller to tell the crew members what to do. You will need two Scouts to lift and hold each double A-frame in place, two more Scouts to lift the foot rope into the V of the double A-frames, and two more Scouts to lift the two hand ropes into place at the tops of the A-frames. Lift everything into place. Then, holding the A-frames steady, temporarily tie the hand and foot ropes into the rings of the grommets using a roundturn and two half hitches (see figure 142).
Tighten the foot rope. Now you can put a strain on the foot rope. It's not necessary to use block and tackle since this will put too much strain on the lashings, anchors, and the foot rope itself when there is a load on the bridge.* Whatever strain three or four Scouts can put on the foot rope by pulling it by hand will be enough. As soon as the bridge is used a few times, there will be a sag in the rope. This is fine because it means that you are working with reduced strain on the foot rope as a safety measure.
Tighten the hand ropes. Next, tie the hand ropes to the top ends of the A-frames. First, loosen one end at a time from the anchors. Then, use a clove hitch to tie the hand rope to the top end of the leg of the double A-frame. As you're tying these clove hitches, adjust the strain on the sections of the hand ropes between the double A-frames to match the sag of the foot rope. Also, adjust the length of the stringer ropes so there is even strain between the foot rope and both hand ropes. After the hand ropes are tied to the tops of the A-frames, move down and retie the ends of the hand ropes to the rings in the grommets using a roundturn and two half hitches.
Final testing. With caution, one crew member can get on the bridge as all lashings, anchors, and knots are observed by the safety officer and all other crew members. Make adjustments as required. Then secure the running ends of the hand ropes and foot rope with a piece of cord. Safe operation calls for only one Scout to be on the foot rope of the monkey bridge at a time.
 - eight 4-inch x 8-foot A-frame legs
 - four 3-inch x 6-foot ledgers
 - fourteen 1/4-inch x 15-foot lashing ropes for Square Lashings
 - one 1/2-inch or 3/4-inch x 50-foot rope
 - two 1/2-inch x 50-foot hand ropes
 - five 1/4-inch x 8-foot stringer ropes
 - six 1/4-inch x 10-foot lashing ropes for Strop Lashings
 - six pioneering stakes for each 3-2-1 anchor
 - eight pioneering stakes for each log-and-st


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To install a Bootloader on a ARDBOX/M-DUINO PLC it is necessary to have:
- Original ARDBOX/M-DUINO PLC (configurated as Bootloader burner).
Steps to configurate an ARDBOX/M-DUINO PLC as Bootloader burner:
- Open The Arduino ISP Example on the Arduino IDE from: File >> Examples >> 11.ArduinoISP
- Select the right PLC which will work as a Bootloader burner
- Select the right port where the ARDBOX/M-DUINO PLC is connected.
- Change the standard pin configuration. At "#define RESET 10" and "#define RESET 4" change both with the pin 2. As illustrated here below.
Once the ARDBOX/M-DUINO PLC is configurated as Bootloader burner it is necessary to connect via SPI ports the Bootloader burner Arduino to the Original ARDBOX/M-DUINO PLC where it is necessary to replace the bootloader…
|Bootloader burner (ARDBOX/M-DUINO PLC"A")||ARDBOX/M-DUINO PLC "B"|
After connect the ARDBOX/M-DUINO PLC "B" to the Bootloader burner (ARDBOX/M-DUINO PLC "A") It is necessary to connect the USB cable between the ARDBOX/M-DUINO PLC "A" and the laptop.
*IMPORTANT: If there is an SD card inserted on anyone of both PLC's while the bootloader is being updated, remove it because you can format it and lose the date of the SD card.
Then you can continue doing:
- Select the ARDBOX/M-DUINO PLC "B" on the Arduino IDE (remember that you have connected ARDBOX/M-DUINO PLC "A" to the Laptop) . ( Tools >> Board)
- Select the right port (From the ARDBOX/M-DUINO PLC "A"). (Tools >> Port).
- Select the Programmer type: Arduino as ISP (Tools >> Programmer)
- Click on BURN BOOTLOADER on the Tools menú.
That's all. Now you can upload a new file on the ARDBOX/M-DUINO PLC "A"
And use the ARDBOX/M-DUINO PLC "B" as a new Board!!!!!


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Claim: The word gringo came from Mexicans' overhearing American soldiers sing the song "Green Grow the Lilacs" during the Mexican-American War.
Origins: The rather improbable saga of the origins of the word "gringo" has it that the term began during the Mexican-American War (1846-48), when Mexicans supposedly overheard American soldiers continually singing either "Green Grow the Lilacs" or "Green Grow the Rushes, O" (a song based upon a Robert Burns poem). Purportedly, the Spanish-speaking Mexicans thereupon began derisively referring to the Americans as "green grows" (rendered phonetically in Spanish as gringos), which soon became a pejorative Spanish-language term for "foreigners" (particularly Americans).
Other versions of this etymological legend attribute the singing to Irish Legion volunteers serving in Simon Bolivar's army during Venezuela's war for independence from Spain in the early 19th century, "cowboys in south Texas," or American troops attempting to track down Pancho Villa in Mexico in 1916-17.
All of these charming explanations have chronology working against them. Although the first recorded use of "gringo" in English dates from 1849 (when John Woodhouse Audubon, the son of the famous nature artist, wrote that "We were hooted and shouted at as we passed through, and called 'Gringoes'"), the word was
known in Spanish well before the Mexican-American War. According to Rawson, the Diccionario Castellano of 1787 noted that in Malaga "foreigners who have a certain type of accent which keeps them from speaking Spanish easily and naturally" were referred to as gringos, and the same term was used in Madrid, particularly for the Irish.
The true origin of gringo is most likely that it came from griego, the Spanish word for "Greek." In Spanish, as in English, something difficult or impossible to understand is referred to as being Greek: We say "It's Greek to me," just as in Spanish an incomprehensible person is said to hablar en griego (i.e., "speak in Greek"). The English version of the proverb shows up in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar (1599), when Casca, one of the conspirators against Caesar, proclaims:
Nay, an I tell you that, I'll ne'er look you i' the face again; but those that understood him smiled at one another and shook their heads; but for mine own part, it was Greek to me.
The same phrase was also used (at about the same time) by another Elizabethan playwright, Thomas Dekker, but its origins are much older: it comes from the Medieval Latin proverb Graecum est; non potest legi (i.e., "It is Greek; it cannot be read").
It is certainly possible (and even likely) that the Mexican-American War precipitated the introduction of the Spanish word gringo into the English language, but the word itself antedates that conflict by at least sixty years and had nothing to do with singing soldiers, American or otherwise.


How can I check if a candidate has cheated?
We use various methods to determine if a candidate has potentially cheated and will show you alerts on the candidate's individual results page.
Since your candidates will be completing your assessment online, in a non-controlled environment, it's important to make sure none of them are using outside assistance for an unfair advantage.
You can find anti-cheating alerts on each individual candidate's results page. We track your candidates' actions during the assessment in four key ways.
 1. Filled out only once from IP address: Using the IP address, we check if candidates fill out the assessment only once (with a public link to the assessment, candidates could use multiple email addresses to take repeated attempts at the assessment).
 2. Webcam enabled: we take a snapshot of the candidate every 30 seconds using their camera or webcam. We do this to verify that your candidate is the only one taking the assessment. You can review these pictures with the slider on the results page.
 3. Full-screen mode always active: this ensures a candidate does not exit the test to find answers or help online.
 4. Mouse always in assessment window: this ensures a candidate does not use a second screen to find answers or help.
Note that this example shows a candidate with a high indication of cheating behavior.
We ask the permission of candidates to take these pictures before they start the assessment. For privacy reasons, the webcam snapshots are removed from our servers 6 months after they have been recorded. Read this article and our Privacy Policy to learn about how we deal with privacy and GDPR.


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Strategic lobbying and taxation choice : a political economy of trade policy analysis
In this thesis, I use a political economy of trade policy approach to analyze the issues of strategic lobbying and taxation choice. The thesis contains 4 papers together with an introduction, literature review and conclusion. In Chapter 3, a lobbying-influence model is presented to discuss how the outcomes of trade policy is influenced by lobbying activities during the policymaking process. A comparison of the welfare-maximizing model and the lobbying-influence model under a game theory framework is undertaken. Chapter 4 provides a new explanation on the issue of asymmetric lobbying from the view point of the impact of external environment. Since the incentive of the domestic firm to engage in lobbying activities varies with its marginal costs, the outcomes of lobbying performance are different. This argument holds for both complete and incomplete information settings. Chapter 5 considers whether there is a positive role for lobbying activities in an incomplete information setting when the foreign entry is incorporated. The results suggest that the social welfare under the pooling equilibrium is higher than that under the separating equilibrium. As a result, there is no positive role for lobbying activities in this two-period model. Chapter 6 provides a political economy model to explain why trade taxes rather than more efficient income taxes might be adopted and what links the taxation choice and the economic development. In general, people prefers to pay less tax to the government. In a democratic society, a policy, which yields a higher utility to the majority of voters, is supported through majority voting. Therefore, the choice of taxation instruments depends on the tax payments, which are determined by the tax method, the income level, and the movement of income distribution over time.


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Chemical probing of histidine residues using specific modifiers, iodoacetic acid (IAA) and diethylpyrocarbonate (DEP) resulted in the inactivation of phytase (phy A). The kinetic theory of the substrate reaction during the modification of enzyme activity was applied to a study of the kinetics of the course of inactivation of phytase by IAA and DEP. The results suggested that histidine residues are involved in the active site of the enzyme. They also indicated that inactivation of the enzyme by IAA was via a complexing type inhibition, while the inhibition by DEP reaction involved a conformational change step before inactivation. The dissociation constant of the enzyme-inhibitor complex of IAA, the constant of the conformational change of DEP and the microscopic rate constants of two inhibitors were obtained.
Keywords: Phytase, inactivation, kinetics, iodoacetic acid, diethylpyrocarbonate
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Reading maketh a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man. Sir Francis Bacon (_PHONE_)
I believe Francis Bacon's three principles are the foundation of good writing. By "conference," he means conversation and that is what the vast majority of people do the most; it's unique to humans. But where we truly find discovery and advancement is by expanding beyond our ability to converse and developing the other two capabilities we possess: reading and writing. Amassing knowledge and having the ability to articulate it in a permanent form – for millions across history – is a wondrous gift that we humans can give to others with whom we share the planet.


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A feasibility study report should include the project description, possible solutions, evaluation criteria, pinpointing the most feasible solution and a conclusion. Feasibility study reports are used to provide evidence for a project's effectiveness and to give supportive reasons why this project should be undertaken.Continue Reading
A project manager normally has to submit some kind of supportive background in order to receive the go-ahead from upper management to pursue a project. This is done by doing a feasibility study and submitting a report on the findings.
Step 1: Write the project description
The powers that be want to know the details of the proposed project. This information is included in the project description. The reason for the project and any background information should be listed here.
Step 2: Give some possible solutions
There should be more than one solution for the problem the project is attempting to resolve. Do an alternatives analysis to come up with a few different ways to solve the issue and list them here.
Step 3: Describe the evaluation criteria
This section sets and defines the evaluation criteria for the possible solutions. Be sure to list criteria for all the solutions given in Step 2.
Step 4: Pinpoint the most feasible solution
Describe the most feasible solution here. It should be the one that is the most economically and technically feasible.
Step 5: Write the conclusion
The conclusion summarizes the report. Review the aim of the project and reiterate the most feasible solution.Learn more about Business Resources