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a Panel
There is a lot of interest in measuring the scattered fields from a panel. The panel could be a frequency selective surface (FSS), could consist of lossy dielectric material, resistive material, etc. For these measurements, the panel is mounted in a large ground plane (perfectly conducting) that mimics an infinite ground plane and the back scattered/bistatic scattered fields are measured. These measured fields contain the scattering from the panel under test as well as the diffracted fields from the junction between the panel and the ground plane, and it is quite difficult to discern the two field components. Alternatively, one can measure the scattered fields over a frequency band in the near zone using a fixed transmitting antenna while the receiving antenna is displaced to scan a planar surface or a linear scan. Note that the measurements are similar to one-way probing. The total measured scattered fields can be processed to isolate the scattering from the panel of interest. In this paper, we will present various signal processing techniques that can be applied to the measured scattered field data. These techniques include high resolution down range processing (tie domain), time domain near field focusing, etc. We will also show that it is straight forward to obtain the reflection and transmission coefficient of the panel from the near field measured data.
Size Reduction of Patch Antenna Based on Complementary Rose Curve Resonators
In this paper, a patch antenna has been designed based on the complementary split ring resonator (CSRRs), complementary rose curve resonators (CRCRs) and without using these inclusions. Complementary rose curve resonators (CRCRs) are used in design of patch antenna. The Patch antenna based on the complementary rose curve resonators (CRCRs) are achieved by patterning the ground plane under the conductor trace. The perimeter of the Rose curve can be adjusted by tuning the amplitude of the sine function and the radius of the base circle. With the order of CRCRs, the loading effect of the complementary resonators on the patch antenna is controlled. This works demonstrated that higher order CRCRs allows more compactness of the design and higher miniaturization factor. We proposed a compact patch antenna based on the complementary split ring resonator (CSRRs) and the complementary Rose curve resonator (CRCRs). The proposed patch antenna shows good performances which is designed to operate at 2.4 GHz. The results demonstrate the configurability of the design for a specific size. The results show the effectiveness of using metamaterials in microwave circuit can obtain from n to n+1 of the CRCRs order will result in 0.3 % miniaturization. IndexTerms: Patch Antenna, Metamaterial, Size Reduction, split ring Resonators, Rose Curve Resonators
Earth-Facing Antenna Characterization in Complex Ground Plane/Multipath Rich Environment
The Space Communications and Navigation (SCAN) Testbed was a Software Defined Radio (SDR)-based payload launched to the International Space Station (ISS) in July of 2012. The purpose of the SCAN Testbed payload was to investigate the applicability of SDRs to NASA space missions in an operational space environment, which means that a proper model for system performance in said operational space environment is a necessary condition. The SCAN Testbed has line-of-sight connections to various ground stations with its S-Band Earth-facing Near-Earth Network Low Gain Antenna (NEN-LGA). Any previous efforts to characterize the NEN-LGA proved difficult, therefore, the NASA Glenn Research Center built its own S-Band ground station, which became operational in 2015, and has been successfully used to characterize the NEN-LGA's in-situ pattern measurements. This methodology allows for a more realistic characterization of the antenna performance, where the pattern oscillation induced by the complex ISS ground plane, as well as shadowing effects due to ISS structural blockage are included into the final performance model. This paper describes the challenges of characterizing an antenna pattern in this environment. It will also discuss the data processing, present the final antenna pattern measurements and derived model, as well as discuss various lessons learned.
Research on Unwanted Reflections in an OATS for Precise Omni Antenna Measurement
Open-area test site (OATS) is a basic range for measuring omni antennas at VHF/HUF band. Reflections from the trees nearby, from the edge of the metal ground plane of an OATS are researched with the aid of ultra-broadband calculable dipole antennas (CDAs). Usually, these reflections are detrimental to precise antenna measurements from 20 MHz to 1 GHz; however they are very difficult to analyze accurately, since no rigorous theory exists on the relationship between the reflections and the configurations of an OATS. For this difficulty, a pair of very accurate and broadband CDAs are manufactured and verified with a slightly modified near-field method, whose site-insertion-loss deviation (?SIL) between measurements and simulation is less than 0.3 dB over 10 MHz to 340 MHz for a single pair of dipole elements resonated at 90 MHz. Based on the optimized CDAs, the effects of ground plane sizes, wire mesh shapes around the edge of the metal ground plane, trees nearby and especially masts are researched. The research shows that the reflections from the edge of an optimized ground plane is less than 0.1 dB at 10 m range. Finally, the performance of an OATS with these optimizations is verified: for 10 m separation,?SIL is within 0.26 dB at horizontal polarization (HP) and within 0.34 dB at vertical polarization (VP) for the typical 24 frequencies from 30 MHz to 1 GHz; at 20 m separation,?SIL is within 0.59 dB (HP) and 0.85 dB (VP) from 20 MHz to 500 MHz. An example for the uncertainty of calibration the free-space antenna factor of tuned dipole antennas are provided, too.
Scaled Model Measurements of HF Antenna for Vehicular Platforms
Electrically small antennas present tremendous design challenges. Plagued with a small radiation resistance and high quality factor (thus narrow bandwidth), these types of antennas are difficult to accurately measure. For use in HF communication applications, the problems associated with the entire development cycle become even more pronounced. This paper focuses on the development of two such electrically small HF antennas for a vehicular platform, specifically the Amphibious Assault Vehicle (AAV). The primary design objective is to develop antennas that operate over the entire near-vertical incidence (NVIS) band (2 – 10 MHz) with a minimum of 3kHz bandwidth. Additional design objectives are low profile, broadside directive pattern, and high power handling capability. The inverted L antenna and the half loop antenna were selected as probable candidates for this application. At 2 MHz, the antenna – vehicle system fits within the envelope ka < 0.2, where k is the free space wave number and a is the radius of a sphere completely enclosing the radiator. The full scale antenna design and performance were evaluated using method of moments and finite element method codes FEKO and HFSS respectfully. It is observed that the presence of the real ground plane poses a serious challenge for well established modeling techniques and considerable care must be exercised to obtain credible design data. For measurement validation and characterization of the antenna/vehicle interaction, a set of scaled antenna and vehicle prototypes were developed. Rapid prototyping and 3D printing were employed to build a scaled model (1:50 scale) of the complete antenna – vehicle system. The step-by-step process from the computational model to the measurement validation is discussed along with the description of the adopted fabrication techniques. In the concluding section of the paper, the measured results from the scaled model are presented alongside the simulated results. The good agreement between these results paves the way towards the successful use of such scaled model testing for more complicated antenna designs in the future.
Gain and Phase Center Calibration of Log Periodic Dipole Arrays using Complex Fit Algorithm
Abstract – This paper introduces a method for calibrating the gain and the frequency dependent phase center locations of Log Periodic Dipole Arrays (LPDAs). The method builds upon the three antenna method, but is conducted over a PEC ground plane in an Open Area Test Site (OATS). Similar to the traditional three antenna method, three pairings of transmission measurements are taken. In each measurement, one antenna is set at a fixed height above the ground plane, while the other antenna is scanned in height over 1 to 4 m heights. Magnitude and phase responses between the two antennas are taken at multiple heights. Measured results are fit to a theoretical model using a complex fit algorithm. From this process, the gain and frequency dependent phase center locations of each antenna can be solved. Measurement data show that it is effective in reducing systematic uncertainties associated with assuming fixed phase center locations. In addition, unlike other calibration methods over a conducting ground plane, no assumptions are made about the antenna patterns. This method provides an accurate, versatile and fast method for calibrating LPDAs from as low as 100 MHz.
Compact Microstrip Defected Ground Structured Antenna for Reduction of Harmonics and Cross Polarized Radiations
Abstract: A novel Inset fed microstrip patch antenna is designed on defected ground structure (DGS) to reduce the higher order harmonics and cross polarized radiations. Square rings, and square shaped slots are placed on the ground plane of the microstrip patch antenna to get the desired operation. These annular ring and arc DGS appears to be highly efficient in terms of suppressing the cross polarization. Relative suppression of radiated field is observed by placing and without placing the defected ground structures. The stop band property exhibited by the DGS is used to filter out the harmonics


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fast fox or
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leaps. While they don't share a root word, they are synonyms and have a similar meaning.
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source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The Museum of HP Calculators
The American astronauts calculated critical course-correction maneuvers on their HP-65 programmable hand-held during the rendezvous of the U.S. and Russian spacecraft.
Twenty-four minutes before the rendezvous in space, when the Apollo and Soyuz were 12 miles apart, the American astronauts corrected their course to place their spacecraft into the same orbit as the Russian craft. Twelve minutes later, they made a second positioning maneuver just prior to braking, and coasted in to linkup.
In both cases, the Apollo astronauts made the course-correction calculations on their HP-65. Had the on-board computer failed, the spacecraft not being in communication with ground stations at the time, the HP-65 would have been the only way to make all the critical calculations. Using complex programs of nearly 1000 steps written by NASA scientists and pre-recorded on magnetic program cards, the astronauts made the calculations automatically, quickly, and with ten-digit accuracy.
The HP-65 also served as a backup for Apollo's on-board computer for two earlier maneuvers. Its answers provided a confidence-boosting double-check on the coelliptic (85 mile) maneuver, and the terminal phase initiation (22 mile) maneuver, which placed Apollo on an intercept trajectory with the Russian craft.
Periodically throughout their joint mission, the Apollo astronauts also used the HP-65 to calculate how to point a high-gain antenna precisely at an orbiting satellite to assure the best possible ground communications.
The first fully programmable hand-held calculator, the HP-65 automatically steps through lengthy or repetitive calculations. This advanced instrument relieves the user of the need to remember and execute the correct sequence of keystrokes, using programs recorded 100 steps at a time on tiny magnetic cards. Each program consists of any combination of the calculator's 51 key-stroke functions with branching, logical comparison, and conditional skip instructions.


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Length: 3 Hours
Make the most of your administrative staff or your own executive assistant with this highly specialized, advanced program exclusively for executives and managers! Attendees will:
- Discover how assistants who become an integral part of management teams make an even bigger impact on the bottom line.
- Learn specific ways to strengthen assistant/manager partnerships – achieving more in less time, with even better results.
- Clarify the skill sets today's top assistants have, and learn to depend on them.
- Identify tasks that should – and shouldn't – be delegated to assistants in certain situations.
Interactive Learning Experience:
A Joan Burge/Office Dynamics International educational program is interactive, synergistic and fun. We utilize your intelligence, creativity and work experience. Joan Burge and our Certified Trainers facilitate learning techniques that motivate adult learners to listen, participate and try new behaviors with ease. Through individual and group exercises, discussions and dynamic teaching segments, you will assimilate key learning points. Our curricula engage participants of every age group.


Dittert Site at the Cebolla Wilderness Welcome to Wilderness Wednesday, our weekly posting to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Wilderness Act.
This week, we are highlighting the Cebolla Wilderness, as accessed by the Armijo Canyon Trail. The 61,600 acre Cebolla Wilderness was designated in 1987. The Armijo Canyon Trail will bring you through an area abundant in cultural history and sites. Just north of the trail, near the trailhead, is the Dittert Site Between A.D. 1000 and 1300, Ancestral Pueblo people built and occupied a 30 room pueblo here. 2¼ miles up the Canyon exists an old homestead from the early 1900s. Exploring rocky outcrops nearby the trial will reveal occasional petroglyphs.
The Wilderness Act recognizes that a wilderness may contain ecological, geological, scientific, educational, scenic, or historical value, and directs that these values be preserved as a component of their wilderness character. Archaeological sites found in a wilderness can significantly contribute to our appreciation and understanding of human history and culture, including clues to the lives of indigenous peoples, Spanish colonialism, and settlement as a part of the United States. Local Native Americans refer to sites as "cultural" resources, not "archaeological" resources, signifying their importance as an integral part of their living culture. These resources are protected within the wilderness setting (as they are on all public lands) for present and future generations.
From I-40, drive 31.6 miles south on NM Highway 117 to CR 41 (gravel, known as "the Pietown Road"). Drive south on CR 41 for approximately 3.7 miles until you reach a sign for Armijo Canyon, which will be on the east side of the road. Turn left, and after approximately 1.5 miles, and stop at a parking area at the Wilderness boundary. Hike past the fence and along a closed 2-track route for approximately 3¾ miles at which point it connects to the Sand Canyon Road.
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a year of passing the qualifying examination.
The examination consists of a written dissertation proposal and its open-to-the-public presentation by the student. The examination is conducted by the dissertation committee. As a rule, the dissertation committee continues overseeing the student's work to the stage of the final dissertation defense.
After passing the dissertation proposal examination, the student may proceed with the dissertation research and the writing of the dissertation. The dissertation should document the original contributions made by the candidate as a result of independent research. This research work should be of archival quality. In advance of graduation, all members of the student's dissertation committee must approve the dissertation. To obtain this approval a student must submit a written copy of the dissertation to the dissertation committee and defend the research work at a final oral examination open to other faculty, students, and the interested public. Students must be registered for ECE 990 the full spring/summer term if defending the dissertation after May during the spring/summer term.
The dissertation must strictly follow the Rackham Graduate School Dissertation guidelines as described in the Dissertation Handbook Guidelines for copyrighting, publishing and distributing, dissertation embargo and distribution limitations.
Students are expected to complete the degree within two years of passing the dissertation proposal exam, but no more than seven years from the date of the first enrollment in the Ph.D. EECE program. The Ph.D. EECE committee conducts annual reviews to evaluate progress toward degree completion. Students defending the dissertation must be registered in the 990 Dissertation Research course.
Dissertation Research Requirement
- At least 24 credit hours of doctoral research credit must be completed before graduation.
- Students who have completed the coursework requirements but have not reached the candidacy status should register for ECE 980 (Pre-Candidacy Dissertation Research). A maximum of 12 credits may be completed in ECE 980 Pre-Candidacy course.
- Students who have achieved candidacy should register for 6 credits in ECE 990 (Doctoral Dissertation Research).
Note that the actual completion of the dissertation project is likely to take several years at full-time enrollment thus, requiring more than the minimum number of credit hours.
- At least 24 credit hours of doctoral research credit must be completed before graduation.
Final Oral Defense
Upon completion of the dissertation work, the student initiates the last step toward the degree—the dissertation defense process. The process follows the official guidelines and consists of the following main stages:
- Preparation of a written dissertation formatted in accordance with the guidelines,
- Pre-Defense meetings with the members of the program committee,
- Written evaluations of the dissertation by the dissertation committee members presented to the Ph.D. program committee,
- The Oral Defense of the dissertation consisting of two parts:
- Public seminar and open question session held by the student
- Private deliberations by the committee,
- Final oral examination report and certificate of approval prepared by the dissertation committee and submitted to the Ph.D. program committee.
- Post-Defense meeting with the CECS Graduate Education Office


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You should be taking tree stump removal action now. Both Forestry Commission and The Royal Horticultural Society advise it. This is with reference to the very real threat of a fungal attack to your gardens mature trees, plants, and shrubs. Removal of tree stumps is imperative to the control of an attack by honey fungus. Pickers of wild mushrooms are combing our forests this time of year, so it would seem obvious to minimise fungal growth within our own gardens. Those of us who live around the Thetford Forest area are accustomed to the sight of row upon row of uprooted tree stumps within a harvested sector of the forest. The Forestry Commission incurs great expense with this activity which is unique to the U.K. Anglian region owing to the endemic regional persistence of fungal attack to saplings and indeed mature trees. Further The Royal Horticultural Society also advises stump removal for the self same reasons. Ignore this professional advice at your gardens peril. Below is a list of the basics you should be aware of with honey fungus:
What You Should Know About Honey Fungus
(armillaria mellea) In Layman's Terms
A parasitic fungus that affects roots, trunks and stems of mostly dead or dying plants, but can attack healthy mature plants and trees. A creamy white fungal membrane spreads between the plants skin/bark and its underlying tissue/wood. Mushrooms may grow to spread its spores. This depends on its maturity of growth. Dark root like strands are sent below ground level to spread, and seek out in its quest for other food.
Honey fungus is not poisonous, and indeed can be consumed providing it is correctly identified. The following description is generic owing to the many varieties (over a dozen) and should not be rigidly followed without colour photographic examples: Its fruiting bodies (mushrooms) form in large groups of yellow-brown to dark brown clusters, usually emerging at the base of a trunk in the autumn, but has been seen as high a six meters up the trunk. It has a strong smell of mushrooms, and can be identified by its creamy white membrane, under the bark. Dark root like "bootlaces" (rizomorphs) are always seen at the trunks base.
Honey Fungus amongst other fungi, are the woodlands dustbins. It is natures disposal of dead or dying wood/plants, and is the horticultural equivalent to hyenas, and vultures, I.e scavengers, without which, new growth would become difficult if not impossible. Its mushrooms surrender millions of spores to the prevailing winds, and they settle to germinate on dead or damaged wood. As it grows under the bark so do the "bootlaces" which enter the soil as snake like alien creatures, similar to those seen in some past horror movies, but only on a much smaller scale.
If honey fungus has reached maturity in your garden where it forms mushrooms you should remove the mushrooms into a plastic dustbin bag for disposal. Do not burn them. This releases more spores. Better yet, fry them in butter and eat them. Have the stump(s) professionally ground out down to their root system(s). Dispose of the wood chippings in the same way.. You should rely on a specialist tree stump grinding company, who will take adequate measures towards minimising the spread of fungal contamination both during stump grinding operations, and indeed after stump grinding operations have been completed. Don't be too surprised if a request is made for the use of your garden hose to wash down the stump grinding machine for that purpose.
You know the adage "an ounce of prevention" This is especially true with grinding away and disposing of tree stumps. Prevention of a fungal attack is far easier than a cure which would be difficult to impossible, depending on how localised it is–or isn't. Once the stumps are ground out with chippings removed, and properly disposed of, treat the remaining stump hole with Armillitox or your favourite fungicide, carefully following its instructions for use. Fill the hole with fresh top soil after treatment.
Try your skills at growing resistant plants like Early Purple Orchids, or Box, Elder, Californian Black Walnut, Yew, Grand & Noble Fir, Bamboos, Hornbeam, Beech, Ash, Common Ivy, Oaks, Juniper, Larch, Laurel, False Acacia, Whitebeam, annuals, Herbacious perennials, or seed with lawn.
We at Blitz-A-Stump are here to assist you with the control of this very real garden killer at: _URL_
Michael L. Lish

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


More Americans are eating lunch at their desks or even forgoing it altogether. Is passing up a proper midday break bad for one's health? Chris Cunningham, professor of Industrial-Organizational and Occupational Health Psychology at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, offers one view.
John S. Dykes
Brain Drain
The attention it takes people to focus at work drains them of psychological, social and material reserves, says Dr. Cunningham, leading to stress and lower productivity. "Taking a lunch break away from the desk lets people separate themselves from the source of that drain," he says. "And that offers the opportunity to build back some of those resources in the middle of the day—rather than just at the end when work is over."
There is no hard data on how much of a break the body needs to fully recover its resources, says Dr. Cunningham. He believes it's person-specific; some might need 10 minutes, while others might need an hour.
Gravitate to Green
With so much research showing that parking in a chair all day puts a drag on productivity, mood and physical health, Dr. Cunningham suggests ditching the desk at least once at midday to do something energizing: "At least go for a walk down the hall." If possible, he says, use the full break to switch focus to something uplifting—instead of, say, online shopping, reading email or running to the bank. "I wouldn't call that a resource-replenishing moment," he says.
Dr. Cunningham cites psychologist William James's 19th-century concept of passive attention, which suggests that people can restock their inner resources by focusing on something that fascinates them and draws them in, seemingly without effort.
The easiest way to replenish, research shows: Interact with nature. "Just changing your environment relieves you of the need to decide what you want to attend to, and that in itself poses a sort of relief," says Dr. Cunningham.
A Buddy Boost
Studies have also shown that connecting to colleagues socially throughout the day can be very energizing.
"If you're a service rep or a call-center employee, I could understand why you wouldn't want to take a social lunch," says Dr. Cunningham, "but for some of us, it's different enough from what we've been spending our day doing, and we get a lot out of it."
He is a fan of going out with co-workers for lunch frequently—and not talking about work. "That is a resource-replenishing activity," he says.
The only downside: "You can't write that lunch off your taxes."
Enjoy Eating
In a recent exploratory study, Dr. Cunningham asked medical residents to rate the degree to which they found each of their daily activities to be stressful, resource-straining and resource-replenishing. "Eating during work hours was the one activity that was rated only as replenishing, and tremendously valuable to them," he says.
Nutritionists have long asserted that eating small amounts throughout the day helps maintain a level metabolism. And most people have experienced the sluggishness that follows a heavy midday meal.
"It's certainly not advised to have a Thanksgiving feast for lunch," says Dr. Cunningham. "Then again, you should give yourself a chance to be fascinated with the world around you—and enjoying your food can do that."


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Background: "The feeling of being there" is one possible way to describe the phenomenon of feeling present in a virtual environment and to act as if this environment is real. One brain area, which is hypothesized to be critically involved in modulating this feeling (also called presence) is the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), an area also associated with the control of impulsive behavior.
Methods: In our experiment we applied transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the right dlPFC in order to modulate the experience of presence while watching a virtual roller coaster ride. During the ride we also registered electro-dermal activity. Subjects also performed a test measuring impulsiveness and answered a questionnaire about their presence feeling while they were exposed to the virtual roller coaster scenario.
Results: Application of cathodal tDCS to the right dlPFC while subjects were exposed to a virtual roller coaster scenario modulates the electrodermal response to the virtual reality stimulus. In addition, measures reflecting impulsiveness were also modulated by application of cathodal tDCS to the right dlPFC.
Conclusion: Modulating the activation with the right dlPFC results in substantial changes in responses of the vegetative nervous system and changed impulsiveness. The effects can be explained by theories discussing the top-down influence of the right dlPFC on the "impulsive system".


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You might wonder where this flier got its name since its red belly is nearly impossible to see, but it's still a frequent backyard visitor. Learn how to attract the red-bellied woodpecker to your yard, and listen to its song.
Photo: Roland Jordahl
- Scientific Name: Melanerpes carolinus.
- Family: Woodpecker.
- Length: 9-1/4 inches.
- Wingspan: 16 inches.
- Distinctive Markings: Males have zebra-striped back, red hood and nape, reddish tinge on belly. Females are identical, but only have a red nape.
- Nest: Male and female excavate nesting cavity in old stumps and trees.
- Song: Loud, harsh "quirr" sound.
- Habitat: Wooded areas; visits yards and gardens with trees and shrubs.
- Diet: Larvae, insects, acorns and berries.
- Backyard Favorites: Birdseed and beef suet at garden feeders; may drink sugar water.
Listen to this bird's song

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Acid column leaching的用法和样例：
- The paper presents laboratory shaking leaching and column leaching experiments with the ore from Shou Wang Fen Copper Mine.
- Having tested the low-grade big-lump uranium ore by column leaching technology, a series of technological parameters of solution leaching are obtained.
- Effects of PAM application rate and method on saturated hydraulic conductivity were studied in laboratory through a soil column leaching experiment.
- Effects of soil sodicity and gypsum application on dynamical behavior of heavy metal elements under effluent irrigation were studied by means of soil column leaching method in laboratory.


TITLE
semicoma
PUB. DATE
January 2005
SOURCE
Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary;2005, p1969
SOURCE TYPE
Book
DOC. TYPE
Reference Entry
ABSTRACT
A definition of the term "semicoma" is presented. The term is generally used to mean stupor or lethargy.
ACCESSION #
21245251

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 - precoma. // Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary;2005, p1751
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Volvo I-Shift Synthetic Transmission Fluid to Maximize the Potential Fuel Economy Benefits
A completely synthetic SAE 75W-80 transmission oil is designed specifically for Volvo I-Shift automated manual gearboxes. I-Shift transmission oil is certified for drain intervals up to 500,000 miles depending on the vehicle and application. All Volvo-powered trucks designed for the North American market now come standard with Volvo I-Shift gearboxes.
The 75W-80 viscosity grade of Volvo Trucks' I-Shift transmission fluid helps preserve fuel economy by reducing viscous churn, better gear meshing, and simpler pumping and filtration, according to Volvo Trucks. Furthermore, the company claims that its high viscosity index enables low-temperature fluidity for faster starts, easier shifts, and less wear during cold start-ups, while simultaneously producing powerful lubricating coatings at higher temperatures.
Volvo transmission fluid also optimizes friction properties for smooth and rapid gear shifting, reducing stress on the driveline and tires, while shear stability and load carrying capacity help maintain effective viscosity and film strength for better wear protection under all operating conditions, according to the company. According to Volvo, the transmission fluid has thermal durability and oxidation resistance, which helps prevent deposit formation and adds to long seal life and oil drain intervals.
Let's have a look at some of the features of Volvo I-Shift Transmission Fluid:
- Designed to provide the optimal frictional reactions, material compatibility, and viscosity grade for improved fuel efficiency and fluid durability.
- Reduced viscous churn, smoother gear meshing, and simpler pumping and filtering all contribute to increased fuel economy.
- Better protection for heavy loads: Whether you're transporting massive machinery across the nation or navigating rough roads with loaded trailers, Volvo I-Shift Transmission Fluid protects against early wear.
- Shear stability, load bearing capability, thermal durability, and oxidation resistance are all optimized.
- Improved fuel economy: I-Shift Transmission Fluid reduces viscous churn, resulting in smoother gear meshing, easier pumping, and improved filtering, all of which contribute to improved fuel economy.
- Quicker starts, simpler shifts, and less wear are all advantages during cold starts. The viscosity index of I-Shift Transmission Fluid is high, which indicates it will flow easily regardless of temperature.
- Excellent thermal and oxidation stability: Protects against sludge, varnish, lacquer, and hazardous deposit building in important transmission components by being formulated for high temperature performance and superior oxidation resistance.
- Fewer deposits: I-Shift Transmission Fluid has outstanding thermal durability and oxidation resistance, reducing deposits. As a consequence, longer drain intervals and increased seal life are feasible.
- Volvo I-Shift Transmission Fluid is designed to reduce friction, reduce driveline stress, and improve fuel economy, resulting in smoother and faster shifting.
- With Volvo I-Shift Transmission Fluid, you can extend fluid drain intervals up to 500,000 miles / 60 months, which means longer uptime and lower total cost of ownership.
- Furthermore, Volvo claims that the transmission fluid has excellent thermal endurance and oxidation resistance, which helps to prevent deposit development and adds to long seal life, as well as longer oil drain and service intervals.
- This is the ideal transmission fluid for the Volvo I-Shift, which is currently standard on all Volvo-powered trucks.
Choose Volvo I-Shift Synthetic Transmission Fluid Today!
The 75W-80 viscosity grade of Volvo I-Shift transmission fluid helps it keep its fuel economy benefits by reducing viscous churn, better gear meshing, and simpler pumping and filtration. Volvo claims that the high viscosity index provides for excellent low-temperature fluidity, resulting in faster starts, easier shifts, and less wear during cold start-ups, while also delivering strong lubricating coatings at higher temperatures.
SAE 75W-80 I-Shift Fully Synthetic Transmission Lubricant is a premium full synthetic, heavy-duty, automated manual transmission fluid designed exclusively for Volvo I-Shift and Mack gearboxes.
SAE 75W-80 I-Shift Fully Synthetic Transmission Fluid is a premium heavy-duty automated manual transmission fluid with excellent fluid shear stability and exceptional frictional qualities for smooth, uncomplicated shifting. The high-performance additives offer excellent rust and corrosion resistance while being compatible with a wide range of ferrous and yellow metals. Get it today!


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People are paying more and more attention to beauty apparatus. We have released a new silicone facial cleanser, which has become one of the indispensable cleaning products in our lives. SUAN Houseware will explain the characteristics and instructions of the silicone facial cleanser as following:
Features of Silicone Facial Cleanser:
1. It has antibacterial effect; Easy to clean and prevent the breeding of bacteria, fungi, mites and other pathogens!
3. Wireless inductive charging;
5. Before using a facial cleanser, you didn't know that your face can be washed so cleanly! Washing face by hand, we have no way to achieve deep cleaning in place! We can only remove some dust, grease and makeup on the surface of the skin!
Instructions of Silicone Facial Cleanser:
1. Apply the commonly used facial cleanser on the face or facial cleanser, wet the front end of the silicone facial cleanser with water to clean some of the silicone tips
2. Press the button in the middle to open the cleansing mode, the left button reduces the prime rate, the right button increases the rate, and the face is deeply cleaned in a circular motion. After cleansing, press twice to enter the sleep mode.
3. Clean the face with water or apply toner or essence, press the middle button twice to start the soothing massage mode, and adjust the appropriate speed by pressing the left and right buttons.


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Resources for research and outreach on structural racism in the U.S. food system: Insights from the 4th edition of MSU Center for Regional Food Systems' Annotated Bibliography
The fourth edition of the Annotated Bibliography on Structural Racism Present in the U.S. Food System
will be available in mid-February; this document provides an up-to-date list of publications and resources on structural racism present in the US the food supply chain. Join bibliography co-authors, Rich Pirog (MSU Center for Regional Food Systems) and Jane Henderson (University of San Diego), for a discussion of this unique resource and the importance of using a racial equity lens for food system students, educators, researchers, and practitioners.
Click the link
to register. After registering, you will receive a confirmation email containing information about joining the meeting.


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An alien hunter claims the most bizarre alien sighting on Mars ever — an alien in top hat and cape flipping NASA's Curiosity rover the bird
According to the notorious UFO conspiracy theorists Scott C. Waring, in a recent post to his UFO Sightings Daily blog, a photo of the Martian terrain snapped by NASA's Curiosity rover appears to show a Mad Hatter alien making a rude gesture at the rover exploring the Gale Crater region of Mars.
"I found an alien… and not just any alien, but a Mad Hatter alien that lives up to his name, because he is giving the Curiosity rover the bird," Waring wrote.
The gesture appears rude to us, but in Mars culture it could well be a polite greeting, such as the classic "I come in peace" greeting, Waring speculated.
"Of course on an alien planet that could be seen as a greeting, much like it is in California."
Yet – according to Waring — we shouldn't be surprised if NASA has upset Martian natives so much that an eccentric Martian individual dressed in top hat and cape would stand in front of the rover to vent his frustration and anger.
Alien hunters have accused NASA of allowing the BMW-sized mechanical invader to rove over the Martian surface, crushing tiny alien homes with six-inch doorways under its metal wheels and running over priceless ancient alien artifacts.
"Let's look at it from an alien perspective," Waring continues. "This rover, the size of a BMW, is crushing tiny houses, and destroying alien artifacts by running them over with its metal wheels, and aliens on Mars are just supposed to take it?"
"NASA… I greet you with the same sign that the aliens on Mars send to you…and I mean it from the bottom of my heart."
Waring claims that NASA's Mars Curiosity rover may have crushed several tiny Martian homes under its metal wheels because alien hunters believe that a race of alien Lilliputians, about six inches in height, presently populate the Red Planet.
The Inquisitr reported last month that alien hunters claimed to have stumbled upon "absolute proof" that miniature six-inch aliens that look like the "Atacama alien" live on Mars. In a video uploaded to YouTube on June 22, 2016, Mars anomaly hunter Paranormal Crucible, claimed to have spotted, in a Curiosity rover photo, a six-inch alien peeping fearfully from behind a rock as the Curiosity rover approached its home closely.
"Interesting anomaly found by the rover… looks like a little Martian… reminds me of the Atacama Alien, around six inches."
The "Atacama Alien" (see video below) refers to skeletal remains of a six-inch creature found in an abandoned town in the Atacama Desert in Chile in 2003. The identity of the mysterious miniature being with misshapen skull sparked a debate. Scientists claimed DNA analysis indicated it was a human fetus with a rare genetic mutation. But alien hunters insisted it was an extraterrestrial being who may have died after his UFO spacecraft crashed on Earth.
Alien hunters identified the alleged miniature alien on Mars with the Atacama Alien, claiming that the Curiosity rover photo suggested the Atacama Alien may have been a Martian visitor to Earth.
Soon after the bizarre "discovery," another alien hunter, Luxor2012UFO, claimed to have spotted on Mars a tiny alien house with a miniature doorway. The alleged doorway to a tiny alien cottage, according to Waring, gave "absolute 100% proof that a tiny intelligent species" lives on Mars.
"This dark doorway into this tiny home was found by YouTube user Luxor2012UFO. This is the most mind-blowing discovery I have seen all week," Waring commented.
"This doorway is about 3 inches by 6 inches. It is perfect. All its corners are just perfect," he added.
"This is absolute 100% proof of tiny alien on Mars. Check that NASA source.. I dare you. It is there, it is real… freaking history in the making."
Alien hunters have also accused NASA of acts of cultural vandalism. NASA, according to conspiracy theorists, deliberately destroys evidence of biological fossils, artifacts and architectural remains of ancient Mars civilization.
Earlier in February, Waring accused NASA of allowing Curiosity to run over rare ancient Mars sculpture of an alien face. According to Waring, NASA perpetrates acts of cultural vandalism on Mars as part of government policy of covering-up evidence of extraterrestrial intelligence and civilization.
Waring's latest "discovery" is reminiscent of the alleged discovery of an "off-world engineer" performing maintenance on Curiosity rover on Mars (see image below).
Alien hunters announced sensationally in January 2015, discovery of a photo snapped by Curiosity on Sol 50 (2012-09-26 13:59:04 UTC), apparently revealing the shadow of a human-like being with short hair and air-tank on his back.
According to conspiracy theorists, the photo could be proof of the claim by British hacker Gary McKinnon that he found, while going through Pentagon and NASA files, "fleet-to-fleet" cargo transfer records containing evidence that Pentagon has "non-terrestrial officers" stationed at "off-world" (space) mission bases.
[Image via NASA.Gov]


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Confederate Constitution on Display at Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library
The document is on display at the University of Georgia.
Placed in a dark, dry, secure location most of the year, the Confederate Constitution is now on display at the Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library. The manuscript – which measures nearly 12 and a half feet long – is carefully unrolled and laid inside a plastic encasement for public viewing.
The Confederate Constitution, adopted in March of 1861, was first in Montgomery, Al. Later, it was taken to Richmond, Va., and stayed there for the duration of the war. According to Toby Graham, Director of the Hargrett library, the document was then unceremoniously dumped by a railway station in April of 1865, toward the end of the war.
"The Confederate government was fleeing to the Southern controlled territory of Alabama," Graham said, "and stopped in Chester, South Carolina. They dumped a lot of the records they had with them."
The records were found by Felix de Fontaine, a newspaper correspondent and publisher who was looking for some blank paper to print on.
"Paper was in short supply during the war," Graham explained.
After keeping them for a while, he eventually sold them to the Derenne family in Savannah. They owned the largest collection in all of Georgia. In 1938, the University of Georgia purchased the entire library, including the Constitution for $20,000.
"Their library forms the nucleus of our rare books exhibit," Graham said.
The Constitution, handwritten on vellum, is only brought out once a year in order to preserve the document. The ink is fading due to time and light exposure.
A few other exhibits are on display as well, including the women's history exhibit, Native American history and colonial history. All displays are eyecatching and bring you back to a unique time in America's history. You can read the entire document on the library's website.


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First QoS Measurement with Qosium
This tutorial demonstrates how to perform a minimalistic Quality of Service measurement with Qosium, using two Probes and Scope. Learning how to carry out QoS measurements with Qosium is essential, as QoS parameters are often the focus point when studying the performance of a real application.
Quality of Service measurement means measuring parameters such as delay, jitter, and packet loss. For this type of measurement, two Qosium Probes are needed. In addition to QoS measurement, we'll also take a look at packet filters, and learn how to utilize multiple dashboards.
This tutorial is built on top of First Measurement With Qosium. It is highly recommended to read it before proceeding.
In this tutorial, we have one Probe installed on the same computer where Scope is running, and another Probe on a remote computer at address 192.168.1.236. The goal is to measure the network path between these two computers.
Before proceeding any further, we need to do some preparations for this tutorial. For a QoS measurement with Qosium, we need and actual application to measure. Since this is a quick tutorial, we won't setup a real application. Instead, we generate artificial traffic between the two computers by using ping.
Ping is already installed in most computers. It also works the same way in most operating systems. First, open a console window in one of the computers. Type
ping [address], where address is the IP address of the other computer. In this tutorial, our remote computer is at 192.168.1.236, and therefore we type
ping 192.168.1.236. Now we have a continuous traffic flow between the computers, which can be measured.
To make things more clear, let's draw a measurement topology diagram. This diagram contains essentially all the information we need to run this measurement. The diagram shows the network path we are going to measure, the involved devices, and the involved capture interfaces. Since we are going to measure specific traffic, we also need to define a packet filter.
There can be—and most likely are—other packets traversing in and out of the involved interfaces than just our ping packets, and we want to exclude those from the measurement. This is where the packet filter comes into play.
Ping operates on ICMP protocol, so filtering out everything else except ICMP traffic will yield the results we want as long as no other ICMP traffic is traversing our measurement path. However, if there were another ICMP operation ongoing in one of our scenario's computer's, the measurement would give incorrect results. Thus, we add also the IP addresses of the computers to the filter, just in case. The filter then becomes:
icmp and host 192.168.1.243 and host 192.168.1.236. This way we can be sure that only ICMP traffic between our two computers will be included in the measured traffic.
As in the previous tutorial, navigate to the Probes tab and fill out measurement info. But this time, we select Two-point measurement instead, which opens up the Secondary Measurement Point group. This is our remote computer, so we type the IP address
192.168.1.236 into the Hostname field. Our primary point is still in
localhost, since we are running Scope in the same computer.
That's all for Probe setup. Having a two-point measurement will require some additional setup in measurement configuration, which is explained in the next sections.
We are now ready to establish a connection both to our local Probe and remote Probe. As before, press Connect to Qosium Probe. Scope will then attempt to contact the primary Probe in this computer, which in turn communicates with the secondary Probe in the remote computer.
Once connected, Scope automatically switches to the Topology Tab. For the primary Probe, the interface is the same as in the previous tutorial. For the secondary Probe, we simply select the interface which has IP address 192.168.1.236. Since our measurement path is exactly the path between these two computers, we can again set Placement to Measurement end-point for both Probes.
The new setting, NAT, is needed when there's a Network Address Translation between these two Probes. This is not the case in our setup, so we leave it unchecked.
We could start the measurement already, but the current configuration would yield all traffic between the two computers. We only want the ping traffic to be displayed in results. Therefore, we need to define a manual packet filter.
Navigate to the Measurement Tab and change Packet filter mode to Manual filter. An additional text field appears, containing packet filter
ip by default. Let's change it to the filter we defined earlier:
Next, open the Results Tab. Let's leave both Get average results and Get secondary Probe average results on. Flow results are handy for inspecting the traffic flows traversing our measurement path, therefore we leave Get flow results on for verifying that the ping traffic we generated is visible in our measurement and that the packet filter is working properly.
Everything is now set, so let's press Start Measurement button. The first thing we are going to do is to check the flows and verify that our ping traffic is being measured. Navigate to the Flows Tab next to the Dashboards tab. The flow table should display exactly one row:
The information above indicates that one ICMP traffic flow is traversing our measurement path, which is exactly what we want to see at this point.
Now we are ready to see some QoS results. Return to the Dashboards tab and open a few charts. In Dashboard Settings panel, give this dashboard a name
QoS Plots. Then, in the plots list, find category QoS statistics and expand it. Select the following plots:
- Connection break count
- Lost packets, total
- Packet loss
- Successful packets, total
Close Dashboard Settings by using the gear icon on the right side of the window to allow more space for plots.
The plots already give lots of information about our test environment: The traffic has no lost packets, but there seems to be a large jitter variation. In the delay plot, we see an interesting result that delay seems to be negative to one direction and about similarly positive to the other. This is caused by clock synchronization error between the two measurement computers. See Time Synchronization for more details and how to solve it.
Out of curiosity, let's check out how both Probes see the traffic. Our current dashboard is quite full, so let's go ahead and create a new dashboard by clicking the blue plus icon next to our current dashboard tab. Rename this new tab to Probe comparison, and this time select a few meters instead of plots:
- Traffic statistics: primary
- Traffic, primary, bits/s (received)
- Traffic, primary, bits/s (sent)
- Traffic statistics: secondary
- Traffic, secondary, bits/s (received)
- Traffic, secondary, bits/s (sent)
Four meters will open, and we can see that most of the time they point to the same value. This is the expected behavior, as both Probes are registering sent and received ping messages. The meter needles can go temporarily out of sync due to packet losses and measurement timing.
Whether QoS measurement results indicate "good" or "bad" quality is highly dependent on the requirements set by applications. We can safely conclude that our network conditions are sufficient for non-real-time applications, but this might not be the case, for example, for industrial real-time remote control connection. Determining the limits of optimal network conditions for a certain application is a matter of Quality of Experience, which is a whole another topic.
If you have already a test setup with some real traffic between two computers, it's a good idea to try to measure that traffic now with the help of this tutorial. The process is otherwise the same, except the packet filter must be rewritten to match that traffic.


Mikko Saukoski
Learn More
In this paper, a nanopower CMOS frequency reference designed with a 0.25-mum BiCMOS process for an ultra- low-power capacitive sensor interface is presented. Due to the low supply voltage of 1 V, two parallel frequency references based on source-coupled CMOS multivibrators are used to implement the two required operating modes. In mode 1, when driving a 1(More)
A continuous time analog interface for a capacitive accelerometer element is implemented. The integrated part of the interface includes an oscillator and readout circuitry excluding a controller and references. For the realized sensor, the minimum equivalent acceleration noise density of 400 ng/radicHz is measured. A full scale acceleration of plusmn1.5 g(More)
Capacitive accelerometers [1] have advantages such as zero static bias current, the capability of high sensitivity, and excellent thermal stability, making their use in low-power applications attractive. In this paper, an interface ASIC designed for a capac-itive 3-axis micro-accelerometer [2] is presented. The die area and power dissipation are reduced by(More)
In this paper, we describe the design of a 2 MHz CMOS frequency reference circuit based on a relaxation oscillator. The circuit provides the clock signal for a read-out circuit of a capacitive sensor. The frequency reference circuit is always active, thus low power consumption is an essential requirement. Supply independent biasing was used to allow supply(More)
2010. Impulse sensitivity function-based phase noise study for low-power source-coupled CMOS multivibrators. Abstract In this paper, two micropower frequency references implemented with a 0.13-and a 0.25-lm CMOS process for low-power sensor applications are presented. Both circuits are based on a power-optimized source-coupled CMOS multivibrator. The(More)


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Comparative intraocular pressure measurements made with the pneumatonograph and the Goldmann tonometer showed close agreement with a statistically higher mean pressure when using the pneumatonograph. Significant changes in mean pressure differences between the two instruments were seen upon changing the pneumatonograph calibration and with change in the order of testing (which instrument was used initially). However, transient biologic changes in an individual eye producing minute-to-minute fluctuations in intraocular pressure may be equal to or larger than differences in measurement between instruments.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Number of pages||8|
|Journal||American journal of ophthalmology|
|State||Published - Aug 1975|
ASJC Scopus subject areas


6.7. Sharing and Downloading
This section covers some tools to share and download your data.
6.7.1. Datapane: Publish your Python Objects on the Web in 2 Lines of Code
!pip install datapane plotly
If you want to put together your pandas.DataFrame, interactive charts such as Plotly, Bokeh, Altair, or markdown into a nice report and publish it on the web, try Datapane. The code below shows how you can publish your Python objects using Datapane in a few lines of code.
import datapane as dp
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import plotly.express as px
# Scripts to create df and chart
df = px.data.gapminder()
chart = px.scatter(
 df.query("year==2007"),
 x="gdpPercap",
 y="lifeExp",
 size="pop",
 color="continent",
 hover_name="country",
 log_x=True,
 size_max=60,
)
# Once you have the df and the chart, simply use
r = dp.Report(
 dp.Text("my simple report"), # add description
 dp.DataTable(df), # create a table
 dp.Plot(chart), # create a chart
)
# Publish your report
r.upload(name="example")
Uploading report and associated data - please wait...
Report successfully uploaded, click here to view and share your report
Link to Datapane
Link to my article about Datapane
6.7.2. gdown: Download a File from Google Drive in Python
!pip install gdown
If you want to download a file from Google Drive in Python, use gdown. All you need to specify is the URL link.
import gdown
# Format of url: _URL_
url = "_URL_
output = "Twitter.zip"
gdown.download(url, output, quiet=False)
Downloading...
From: _URL_
To: /home/khuyen/book/book/Chapter4/Twitter.zip
120MB [00:09, 12.1MB/s]
'Twitter.zip'
Link to gdown.


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SEVIER COUNTY, Tenn. (WJHL) — The increasing flow of human population in Tennessee has led to area bears adapting to the growing changes.
The Tennessee Wildlife Resource Agency (TWRA) said in a news release Monday that since 2019, nearly 200,000 people have relocated to the Volunteer State, making it the eighth fastest-growing state.
East Tennessee in particular — with the Smoky Mountains and other high-trafficked parks where a large percentage of Tennessee's 5,500 black bears live — has seen increased interactions between bears and people.
"Put simply, the odds of bear-human interactions are high in and around the mountainous areas of East Tennessee," the TWRA said. "These interactions are most evident in park border towns in Sevier and Blount counties."
News Channel 11 has reported several incidents in the Northeast Tennessee coverage area, including a bear displaying aggressive behavior that had to be removed from a camping area on Watauga Lake. Wildlife officials stressed that leaving food exposed and feeding bears increases the risk of them returning to certain areas and thinking of them as easy food sources.
"The overwhelming desire to have a close encounter with a black bear is strangely more powerful than common sense," says Sgt. David Sexton, a wildlife officer who's spent more than two decades in Sevier County. "Many people intentionally feed bears with little regard for the dire consequences to the bears and humans they leave behind."
Another TWRA spokesperson said leaving food or trash from the food inside unlocked vehicles or vehicles with lowered windows attracts the creatures to rummage for a quick meal. Wildlife officials referenced back to a June incident that killed a bear.
"In June, a black bear died after getting stuck inside a car parked outside a Sevierville rental cabin on a 95-degree day as temperatures inside the vehicle likely reached over 140 degrees," the news release read. "The culprit appeared to only have been an empty soda can and snack food bag."
TWRA Black Bear Program Coordinator Dan Gibbs said bears' sense of smell outranks that of a bloodhound.
"Bears have noses seven times better than a bloodhound and can smell food inside a vehicle," Gibbs said. "Lock your doors, roll up your windows, and never leave anything inside that has even the faintest odor of food including empty food containers, candy wrappers, fast food bags or even air fresheners."
While campers may not have a choice but to keep food nearby, they are encouraged to store it in a locked trunk, bear-proof storage or to cover it, as bears recognize even the sight of food.


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|Digital Library of the Caribbean||english español français|
|dLOC Home |||About dLOC | Partners | Topical Collections | RSS|
Unearthing St. Augustine's Colonial Heritage is a National Endowment for the Humanities grant-funded project to digitally preserve a collection of hidden and fragile resources related to colonial St. Augustine, consisting of 10,000 maps, drawings, photographs and documents available freely online. Partnering with the George A. Smathers Libraries at the University of Florida (UF) to realize this project are the City of St. Augustine departments of Heritage Tourism and the Archaeology Program, the St. Augustine Historical Society, and Government House, which is managed by UF. The project will be a resource for researchers, historians, archaeologists, architects, and historic preservationists, and will help in telling St. Augustine's unique "story" on a global scale.
The Unearthing St. Augustine materials are scattered among four different repositories which have been previously inaccessible to researchers worldwide. Among the important items to be "unearthed," which date from the 16th century to the present, include archival materials from the following:
This project is funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities and the George A. Smathers Libraries at University of Florida.


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Press Release: New Study Shows Long Term Benefits of Educational Access
Disadvantaged Women Ultimately Attain 70% Graduation Rate, Higher Earnings, and Better Educated Children
When measured over the course of a lifetime, the benefits of providing disadvantaged students, particularly women, with wider access to higher education are startling, according to a recently released study by sociologists at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY). The researchers found that over a 30-year period, surveyed women admitted to CUNY in the early 1970s ultimately achieved a 70% college graduation rate, earned an annual average of $7,525 more than they otherwise would have, and passed the benefits of their educational experience on to their children. The patterns were similar to a 20-year longitudinal study of students nationwide.
The complete findings are reported in a new book, Passing the Torch: Does Higher Education for the Disadvantaged Pay Off Across the Generations? (Russell Sage Foundation, April 2007), by Graduate Center Professors Paul Attewell and David Lavin, assisted by recent doctoral graduates Thurston Domina and Tania Levy.
"The study is a strong affirmation of the significant benefits to both individuals and society of providing broad access to higher education," said Professor Attewell. "It shows that college-going not only pays off for disadvantaged students themselves, it also improves the educational chances of their children."
The researchers followed a cohort of nearly 2,000 women who had entered CUNY colleges in the early 1970s and then re-interviewed them almost thirty years later to measure their achievements three decades after initially attending college. The participants were selected to reflect an equal representation of white, black, and Hispanic ethnic groupings. Women were chosen for the study in order to facilitate evaluation of the impact of their education on their children, something that would be difficult to track effectively with men.
The CUNY results were compared to the government's National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), which tracked a large nationally representative sample of almost 6,000 young women over a 20-year period starting in 1979. The authors used a variety of statistical methods to assess the impacts of college attendance upon the women, including a recently developed technique that separates out the true causal effects of college going itself from other confounding factors such as the mother's IQ, psychological motivation, and family background.
The 70% graduation rate of the CUNY students after 30 years compares to 61% of the students in the NLSY study. Among the CUNY students, 75.3% of the white women, 60.2 % of the black women, and 60% of the Hispanic women received an Associate level or higher degree over the 30 year period. For a Bachelor's degree or higher, the figures were, respectively, 61.7%, 40.5%, and 38.7%, with 29.7%, 15.9%, and 16.4% going on to a Master's or higher degree. While there are variations in categories, the overall pattern in the national survey is similar. (Full statistical breakouts are reported in the complete study.)
Much of the national policy debate on graduation rates uses a 6 or 8 year timeframe for assessing success or failure in completing college. But the authors of Passing the Torch point out that the students in the survey faced life issues that precluded continuous enrollment, causing them to drop in and out according to employment, family, and financial issues. Given time, many students one might consider drop-outs return to complete their degrees, sometimes at different institutions than the ones they started at. Over half of minority women took more than six years to complete their BAs, for example, and about a quarter took 15 or more years to finish. It has become very common for disadvantaged students to cycle in and out of college several times before finally completing their courses of study, but the authors argue this should neither be read as a sign of individual failure nor of ineffectual educational institutions.
In recent years, the overall profile of college students has changed --- only about 25% of today's undergraduates are the traditional, parent-supported, fulltime resident students of the past. Standards such as graduation rates after six years, developed for those students, simply don't relate to most of the students attending college today, and particularly not those from disadvantaged backgrounds.
Quite simply, the higher the level of education, the more the women in all ethnic groupings earned. Despite prophesies that wider access to college education would result in devalued degrees, the researchers found that college degrees have held their value even while the number of graduates has burgeoned, and that for women especially, the payoff to a degree has climbed even as student diversity has increased. Moreover, if one measures the value of a degree in terms of the earnings gap between high school graduates and college graduates, some groups of disadvantaged students get a bigger boost from getting a degree than students from more privileged family backgrounds. Even college students who fail to complete a degree earn significantly more than students from similar backgrounds who never went beyond high school at all.
Comparing the results of open access to hypothetical outcomes of more restrictive admissions, the researchers calculated that the annual dollar benefit to each woman averaged $9,705 for whites, $5002 for blacks, and $7,868 for Hispanics.
Impact on the next generation:
The study also measured significant advancements in upward mobility as result of exposure to higher education. The authors found that college attendance raises a mother's educational expectations for her children and increases parental involvement in children's schools. College-going mothers are more likely to send their children to parochial rather than public schools, and to make greater efforts to enrich their children's cultural environments, and are often more involved in local community organizations than their non-college going peers.
Children also benefit from changes in parenting that are associated with maternal college going, including higher rates of marriage and greater martial stability, both of which improve children's educational outcomes. Women who go to college are more likely to marry and their marriages are more likely to last than women from similar social backgrounds who don't go to college. Growing up in a stable two-parent family enhances children's test scores and other measures of educational progress.
The story that unfolds in the study is not all positive, however. Racial and economic disadvantages still reach across the generations. African-American college women, in particular, find it harder than whites to pass their hard-won achievements on to the next generation, in part because they are much less likely to marry or stay married in the years after entering college. More of their children grow up in single-parent contexts, and with lower household incomes, compared to their Hispanic and white counterparts. Black children are less likely than children in other racial/ethnic groups to match their educated mothers' achievements.
The book also emphasizes that a weak high school preparation clearly lowers the chances that disadvantaged students will make it through to college graduation.
Overall, though, the evidence in Passing the Torch reaffirms the American ideal of upward mobility through education, even as it documents the persistence of inequality and disadvantage across the generations. It makes a persuasive argument in favor of maintaining access to college for disadvantaged students.
The Graduate Center is the doctorate-granting institution of the City University of New York (CUNY). An internationally recognized center for advanced studies and a national model for public doctoral education, the school offers more than thirty doctoral programs, as well as a number of master 's programs. Many of its faculty members are among the world's leading scholars in their respective fields, and its alumni hold major positions in industry and government, as well as in academia. The Graduate Center is also home to twenty-eight interdisciplinary research centers and institutes focused on areas of compelling social, civic, cultural, and scientific concerns. Located in a landmark Fifth Avenue building, the Graduate Center has become a vital part of New York City's intellectual and cultural life with its extensive array of public lectures, exhibitions, concerts, and theatrical events. Further information on the Graduate Center and its programs can be found at _URL_.
Submitted on: JUN 1, 2007


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PRESERVE AND MAINTAIN THE HISTORIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENT
For more than 200 years, the Bamboo Organ had withstood the test of time. This instrument has gone through a lot, from natural calamities such as typhoons and earthquakes to man-made conflicts and wars of the past. In 1972, a contract for its total restoration was awarded to Johannes Klais Orgelbau in Bonn, Germany where the organ was shipped in 1973. The restored organ returned home in March 1975 to a joyous welcome by the Filipino people. It was also in 1975 that the inaugural International Bamboo Organ Festival was held, which aims to showcase the legacy of this musical instrument and at the same time getting financial support from its patrons for its preservation and maintenance.
In March 1994 after completing their organ building studies in Austria, Cealwyn Tagle and Edgar Montiano (+) founded the Diego Cera Organbuilders, Inc. (DCOB). They are currently responsible for the preservation, maintenance, and tuning of the Bamboo Organ. They also offer design, construction, restoration, and maintenance of pipe organs locally and abroad.
TRAINING OF ORGANISTS
What worth does an instrument have if there is nobody to play it? The same applies to the Bamboo Organ. Only a talented and skilled organist can bring out the full potential of this unique instrument. It is for this reason that the Foundation has sent scholars to Austria like Armando Salarza (organ performance and church music), Gerardo Fajardo (choir conducting), Edgar Montiano (+) and Cealwyn Tagle (organ conducting). Each has carved a name for himself in his respective field, and until now we continue to train young organists for the future under the tutelage of Prof. Salarza.
ENHANCE AND ADVANCE THE SPIRITUAL, EDUCATIONAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC WELL-BEING OF THE PEOPLE OF LAS PIÑAS
Las Piñas has etched itself on the world map, thanks to this unique instrument. Thousands of local and foreign tourists visit the Bamboo Organ every year, thereby making the locals appreciate the Bamboo Organ even more. Housed inside the St. Joseph Church, it also continues to play church music during Sunday Masses, as one of the true purpose for the creation of the organ is for the greater glory of God. And with the International Bamboo Organ Festival being held every year, the people of Las Piñas themselves become the true caretakers of this historic treasure created by Fr. Diego Cera.


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Hyeon Joo is a PhD student in Health Infrastructures and Learning Systems. He completed his MS in Computer Science and Engineering, and Master of Health Informatics from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Hyeon has served as a software developer lead at Michigan Medicine, and involved in developing research data warehouses and a web-based cohort discovery self-serve tool and data integration between systems. He has also developed predictive machine learning models in patient outcomes research using EHR data. He is interested in finding a better way to synthesize comprehensive health data by creating data-driven algorithms, systems or tools, and implementing them in practical settings. He loves working in the field of health care as a data scientist and a software engineer.
What attracted you to the HILS Program?
As a computer engineer and data scientist, I thought that technical components would make things better in health care. Big data and new technological innovations are essential for the high quality of care and disease prevention, but not sufficient. The HILS program will bring me more breadth and depth knowledge of "Learning Health Systems" which include implementation and dissemination of machine learning and analytical tools at different scales in health care settings.
Areas of Interest
Research and scholarly interests: Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing and Implementation Science in Healthcare


text:
Brief SummaryRead full entry
A large (18 inches) grebe, the Red-necked Grebe in summer is most easily identified by its dark back and head, brown neck, and conspicuous white chin patch. In winter, this species becomes dark gray above and light gray below, retaining some white on its chin. Male and female Red-necked Grebes are similar to one another in all seasons. The Red-necked Grebe occurs across wide area of the Northern Hemisphere. In North America, this species breeds across central Alaska, western Canada, and locally in the western United States, wintering along the Pacific coast from Alaska to California, along the Atlantic coast from Newfoundland to North Carolina, and locally in the Great Lakes. In the Old World, this species breeds in Northern Europe and East Asia, wintering along the coast as far south as the Mediterranean Sea, south China, and India. Red-necked Grebes breed in ponds, lakes, and shallow marshes, preferring areas with thick vegetation to more open water. In winter, this species may be found in shallow marine environments near the coast. Red-necked Grebes primarily eat small insects in summer, switching to small fish during the winter. In appropriate habitat, Red-necked Grebes may be observed floating low in the water, periodically diving down to capture prey. Like most grebes, this species must run and flap along the surface of the water in order to become airborne, subsequently flying swiftly low over the water. Also like most grebes, this species' legs are positioned at the far end of its body, making it an adept swimmer but rendering it almost entirely unable to move on land. Red-necked Grebes are most active during the day.


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Common utilities for lock-free and concurrent programming.
This crate provides fine-grained control over its contents through cargo feature flags:
conquer-utils enables the
std feature, which links against
the standard library and requires e.g. OS support.
Disabling this feature allows this crate to be used in
If the targeted environment does not allow using
std features but provides
the means for dynamic memory allocation, the
alloc feature can be used to
enable additional functionality.
Note that the
std feature implicitly activates all
alloc features as
The following utilities are provided when compiling this crate with the appropriate feature flags:
align feature is enabled, the same-named module can be used,
which provides generic thin wrapper types for specifying the alignment for
instances of the respective type.
Particularly useful is the [
type, which forces an alignment to the size of a cache-line.
This helps to avoid false sharing.
The provided types can be used in their entirety in a
By enabling the
back-off feature, this crate provides the
BackOff type, which can be used to perform exponential
back-off in e.g. spin-loops.
This type is
#![no_std] compatible, but provides additional features when
std feature is also enabled.
random feature in addition to the
back-off feature pulls in
rand dependency and additionally adds
randomized exponential back-off, which adds some slight variations the time
each thread spends spinning.
This may help avoid issues such as convoying.
tls feature makes the
BoundedThreadLocal available, which is useful
for iterable per-object thread local storage for bounded numbers of threads.
Transparent thin wrapper types for artificially increasing the alignment of the wrapped type.
A type for exponential back-off in tight loops.
A one-shot, lock-free, bounded per-value thread local storage.
An Error for signalling than more than the specified maximum number of
threads attempted to access a
An owning iterator that can be created from an owned
A wrapper for an instance of
A thread local token granting unique access to an instance of


Branche: Kultur
Agentur: Pentagram
Quelle: _URL_
New identity for Jigsaw.
Our goal with the design was to create a bold and serious logotype that still retained a level of nuance and sophistication representative of the films themselves. This was accomplished by distilling the graphics down to a few impactful elements: a strong, straightforward lowercase sans serif wordmark, a journalistic black-and-white color palette, and a simple, memorable concept. By removing sections of the letterforms, we were able to visually represent the interplay of different voices and perspectives that make up the narrative of each film. The viewer participates in the identity, filling in the blanks with the missing information. The two halves of the mark also strike a balance, suggesting a look at both sides of an issue.
The logo plays with the physical edges of applications, capturing the tension in Gibney's work while staying true to the meaning of the word "jigsaw." Letterforms bleed on and off the frame to form expressive lockups that turn the logo itself into a kind of puzzle. On stationery the black-and-white color palette has been elevated through foil stamping, with black foil applied to the edges of letterhead, business cards and other collateral. This subtle and unexpected detail gives the pieces a powerful appearance when stacked together and a tactile and visual twist when seen apart from the system.


text: We describe and illustrate the application of a geographical information system (GIS) approach to map ice gouge locations and depths from high-resolution multibeam echo sounder (MBES) bathymetric surfaces by calculating residuals relative to spatially variable moving trend surfaces. The workflow can be used to rapidly characterize gouges over large areas and, because minimal human intervention is required, is especially attractive in heavily gouged areas where traditional manual measurement techniques would be tedious and produce highly uncertain results. The method produces maps showing gouge depth as a continuous field rather than point measurements or cross-gouge profiles, so that variations in depth along gouges can be easily visualized and analyzed. Once gouges have been delineated, gouge depth distribution statistics can be further used to estimate exceedance probabilities for gouge depths within local neighborhoods. Seafloor roughness maps can also be generated to highlight the spatial variability of seafloor disturbance and, in a relative sense, visualize the ages of different gouges if certain assumptions are satisfied. We illustrate application of the method using a sample MBES data set depicting a heavily gouged portion of seafloor.


Questions about simulating one model in another. This includes simulating reality in any model, or simulating a machine model with Turing machines.
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0
votes
0answers
16 views
simulation of Randomized distributed algorithms
I want to implement various Randomized Distributed algorithms for MIS, Broadcast, Coloring in Radio Networks. I want use very high level language or any simulator for this. Please suggest on this.
1
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0answers
15 views
fraction of volume of a rectilinear grid cell within some radius of the origin [on hold]
I have a sphere (radius R) on a rectilinear grid. Some cells intersect the edge of that sphere, call them 'edge cells'. Designate a given cell by indices [i,j,k] which refer to the lowest-index vertex ...
2
votes
0answers
75 views
Difference between deterministic and nondeterministic universal turing machine
It is known that a nondeterministic universal turing machine (UTM) can simulate another nondeterministic TM with running time $t(n)$ in time $c t(n)$, where $c$ is a constant. It is also known that a ...
1
vote
2answers
32 views
Prove Queue Automaton is equivalent to Turing Machine
A deterministic queue automaton (DQA) is like a PDA except the stack is replaced by a queue. A queue is a tape allowing symbols to be written (push) on the left-end and read (pull) on the right-end. ...
3
votes
1answer
53 views
How to convert a Turing Machine program to a tiling using Wang Tiles?
This is a cross-post from a post on MathSE due to lack of answers. To illustrate my question I provide the following example. The website Online Turing Machine provides a Turing Machine simulator. ...
1
vote
1answer
70 views
Simulating a TM with a 2-head, right moving TM
Is it possible to simulate a regular Turing Machine with a TM with the following specs? There are two heads, one of which can read, one of which can write Both heads can only move right When a head ...
0
votes
1answer
50 views
Right moving turing machine
I am interested in simulating any turing machine with a turing machine that is allowed only to move right. I guess that it should be pretty standard material and likely it is trivial (or known to be ...
1
vote
2answers
133 views
Convert a non-deterministic Turing machine into a deterministic Turing machine
How can we systematically convert a non-deterministic Turing machine into a deterministic Turing machine that recognizes the same language?
1
vote
1answer
153 views
Two Dimensional Tape of Turing Machine
I was looking at this: _URL_ At the very beginning, they show a 2d tape and (I assume) it's 1d equivalent. However, I cannot figure out they ...
1
vote
1answer
556 views
Show how to k tapes of Turing machines into one dimensional Turing machine
I'm reading Sipser and I'm finding it hard to understand what the process is such that if you give me k Turing machines with k tapes, I can spit out an equivalent Turing machine with only one tape. An ...
5
votes
0answers
66 views
Make a tag system simulate a finite automaton?
Tag systems are Turing-complete. I was wondering if there is any easy way to create tag systems that simulate finite automata. So create tag systems that recognize languages, e.g. by having at the end ...
0
votes
2answers
382 views
How can a Turing Machine recognize a regular language?
This is a practice problem for a midterm in a class I'm taking: Given a regular language $L$, describe formally a Turing machine that recognize $L$. I'm not sure how I should do that.
1
vote
1answer
95 views
Why is software emulation of alternative architectures so hard/slow?
I recall hearing briefly about this back in one of my CS courses on hardware, but I can't recall many of the details, nor can I find anything online that talks about it. A search on Google only yields ...
2
votes
1answer
145 views
Is it impossible to truly emulate a system if its actual clock speed is the same?
As I understand emulation a rule of the thumb says that a computer must be around a order of magnitude more powerful to emulate another system without resorting to tricks. This is because for every ...
15
votes
8answers
701 views
What randomness really is
I'm a Computer Science student and am currently enrolled in System Simulation & Modelling course. It involves dealing with everyday systems around us and simulating them in different scenarios by ...
9
votes
2answers
139 views
1/r attractive force by cellular automaton
Does there exist a cellular automaton (in 2D) which simulates a $1/r$ force between particles? More specifically, I would like to know whether it is possible, with strictly local update rules, to ...
0
votes
0answers
21 views
Simulation of a model
I am not sure if this is an appropriate place to ask, since the question may be related to software engineering. In embedded control domain, model-driven engineering allows a design model to be ...
5
votes
1answer
334 views
Time Complexity of Universal Turing Machine Simulations and the Time Hierarchy Theorem
I have a little problem to understand the proof of the Time Hierarchy Theorem (Hennie and Stearns, 1966) that ensures the existence of a language acceptable in $U(n)$ but not acceptable in $T(n)$ for ...
0
votes
1answer
1k views
Convert CFG to PDA
Is there any set of rules or methods to convert any context free grammar to a push down automata? I already found some slides online but I wasn't able to understand them. In slide 10 he speaks ...
6
votes
1answer
118 views
Simulate the concatenation of two log-space programs in log-space
I've got two log-space programs $F$ and $G$. Program $F$ will get input in array $A[1..n]$ and will create the output array $B[1..n]$. Program $G$ will get as input $B$ as created by $F$ and create ...
5
votes
1answer
355 views
How can I convert the Turing machine the recognizes language $L$ into an unrestricted grammar?
According to this Wikipedia article, unrestricted grammars are equivalent to Turing machines. The article notes that I can convert any Turing machine into an unrestricted grammar, but it only shows ...
3
votes
2answers
138 views
Robustness of Turing Machines - 3 dimensional case
How can one show that a machine with a three dimensional memory arranged in an infinite grid can be simulated by a single-tape Turing machine? I'd imagine there's some sort of mapping possible from ...
0
votes
1answer
58 views
To prove Turing-completeness, is it enough to prove capability of producing arbitrary output?
Turing completness is being typically proved via reduction to already proved Turing-complete machine. Can the same be obtained by showing, that the machine in question is capable of generating ...
1
vote
1answer
334 views
Multitape Turing machines against single tape Turing machines
Introduction: I recently learned that a multi-tape Turing Machine $\text{TM}_k$ is no more "powerful" than a single tape Turing machine $\text{TM}$. The proof that $\text{TM}_k \equiv \text{TM}$ is ...
5
votes
1answer
80 views
Who conceived the concept of Discrete Event Simulation, and when?
I'm trying to trace back the origin of the general concept of Discrete Event Simulation and found a 1968 article by Fishman and Kiviat mentioning the term. It is titled The statistics of ...
3
votes
1answer
113 views
Could I simulate the implementation of memory components
I am currently reading the IEEE paper A Memory-Efficient Parallel String Matching Architecture for High-Speed Intrusion Detection by Kai Zheng, Bin Liu, Xin Zhang, and Yunhao Liu. In the paper ...
5
votes
2answers
349 views
Infinite alphabet Turing Machine
Is a Turing Machine that is allowed to read and write symbols from an infinite alphabet more powerful than a regular TM (that is the only difference, the machine still has a finite number of states)? ...
4
votes
1answer
377 views
How does a single-track Turing machine simulate a multi-track Turing machine?
It's easy to see how a multi-track Turing machine can simulate a single-track Turing machine; it does so by ignoring all but the first track. But how does it work the other way? I need a specification ...
4
votes
1answer
184 views
On-line simulation of a two-head tape Turing machine using single-head tape(s)
I have a question and I haven't been able to figure out the answer yet. I need to do the on-line simulation of a two-head tape Turing machine using single-head tape(s). I've found some online articles ...
12
votes
4answers
465 views
Is every linear-time algorithm a streaming algorithm?
Over at this question about inversion counting, I found a paper that proves a lower


text:
Traumatic and Complicated Grief Among Children: One or Two Constructs?
The purpose of this study was to examine the concepts of traumatic and complicated grief among children. Some authors seemingly use the concepts interchangeably, whereas others make a distinction between the two. A sample of 240 mainly parentally bereaved children were administered the Extended Grief Inventory (EGI). Two confirmatory factor analyses were run to examine the EGI factor structure and to determine whether traumatic and complicated grief are one or two concepts. Goodness-of-fit tests for the two models was considered acceptable for both models, however, the two-factor model was a better fit. Multiple regression analyses found that children's age, gender, and ethnicity were important predictors of traumatic grief but only gender was a predictor of complicated grief. Violent death was a predictor of complicated grief in an unadjusted regression analysis.