text:
Hip Protectors Prevent Fractures
Hip protectors could prevent fractures and death among those with Osteoporosis of the hip.
In the United State, for example, there are more than 300,000 such fractures each year and of those 45,000 to 100,000 die within the year from complications that arise after their surgery or from immobility.
Research shows that hip protectors do prevent fractures.
"a study of German nursing home residents reported a more than 40 percent reduction" among those who wore the devices.
This study covered 49 nursing homes in the Hamburg area. In 25 of the nursing home, residents were given a single lecture and some training about the value of wearing hip protectors. And residents were offered free hip protectors. 118 of a total of 459 residents who attended the lectures and training decided to wear the hip protectors.
Residents in the other 24 homes did not get this lecture or training. Of these, only 40 of 483 residents decided to wear hip protectors when they were offered.
Records of hip fracture were kept for 14 months. There were 21 fractures among the 459 residents who got the lecture and training. There were 42 fractures among the 483 residents who did not get a lecture or training. And "The number of hospital admissions in the protector-wearing group was 121, compared to 211 in the unprotected group. Those who wore the protectors saw their risk of fracture drop by 43 percent."
What appear central is educating people about the value of hip protectors.
"And an ongoing analysis of randomized trials worldwide
by Dr. M.J. Parker of Peterborough District Hospital in Cambridgeshire, England, found a two-thirds reduction of fractures" for those wearing the devices.
In Finland there was a study done in 2000 that "reported an 84 percent decrease in hip fractures over a prolonged period" among those wearing hip protectors.
A Dutch study showed less impressive numbers. 561 older Amsterdam residents who were at high risk were selected for study. Of these, 276 wore the protectors and 285 did not. During the next 70 weeks, 18 of the people assigned to the hip-protector group suffered fractures. 20 of those assigned to the group not wearing theprotectos suffered fractures. Most see this as a negligible difference.
What is interesting is that the devices are seldom used in the United States. Some believe that this is because Medicare does not reimburse for them. But it could be that paying for these out of pocket might save individuals and families much pain and inconvenience.....and even prolong life.
Pam Holliday says: "The evidence is fairly strong that they can reduce the number of hip fractures, and they seem to be cost-effective... The hope that their use will increase has been bolstered by the appearance of more products", she adds. "While only two kinds of hip protector were available a few years ago, there now are six kinds on the market."
Sources: Gabriele Meyer, research fellow, University of Hamburg, Germany; Stefan Solvell, president, E-Pill, Wellesley, Mass.; Pam Holliday, Research Associate, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Center, Toronto; Jan. 11, 2003, British Medical Journal
Also, Ed Edelson HealthScoutNews Reporter.


:SetCommunicationTimeouts(DWORD ReadIntervalTimeout,
 DWORD ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier,
 DWORD ReadTotalTimeoutConstant,
 DWORD WriteTotalTimeoutMultiplier,
 DWORD WriteTotalTimeoutConstant)
{
 if((m_bPortReady = GetCommTimeouts (hComm, &m_CommTimeouts))==0)
 return false;
 m_CommTimeouts.ReadIntervalTimeout =ReadIntervalTimeout;
 m_CommTimeouts.ReadTotalTimeoutConstant =ReadTotalTimeoutConstant;
 m_CommTimeouts.ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier =ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier;
 m_CommTimeouts.WriteTotalTimeoutConstant = WriteTotalTimeoutConstant;
 m_CommTimeouts.WriteTotalTimeoutMultiplier =WriteTotalTimeoutMultiplier;
 m_bPortReady = SetCommTimeouts (hComm, &m_CommTimeouts);

 if(m_bPortReady ==0)
 {
 MessageBox("StCommTimeouts function failed",
 "Com Port Error",MB_OK+MB_ICONERROR);
 CloseHandle(hComm);
 return false;
 }
 return true;
}
The SetCommunicationTimeouts() member function sets the write & read timeouts for data transmission. The parameters to be passed to this function are given below.
DWORD ReadIntervalTimeout
Specifies the maximum time, in milliseconds, allowed to elapse between the arrival of two characters on the communications line. During a ReadFile() operation, the time period begins when the first character is received. If the interval between the arrival of any two characters exceeds this amount, the ReadFile operation is completed and any buffered data is returned. A value of zero indicates that interval time-outs are not used. A value of MAXDWORD, combined with zero values for both the ReadTotalTimeout constant and ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier members, specifies that the read operation is to return immediately with the characters that have already been received, even if no characters have been received.
ReadTotalTimeoutConstant
Specifies the constant, in milliseconds, used to calculate the total time-out period for read operations. For each read operation, this value is added to the product of the ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier member and the requested number of bytes. A value of zero for both the ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier and ReadTotalTimeoutConstant members indicates that total time-outs are not used for read operations.
ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier
Specifies the multiplier, in milliseconds, used to calculate the total time-out period for read operations. For each read operation, this value is multiplied by the requested number of bytes to be read.
WriteTotalTimeoutConstant
Specifies the constant, in milliseconds, used to calculate the total time-out period for write operations. For each write operation, this value is added to the product of the WriteTotalTimeoutMultiplier member and the number of bytes to be written.
WriteTotalTimeoutMultiplier
Specifies the multiplier, in milliseconds, used to calculate the total time-out period for write operations. For each write operation, this value is multiplied by the number of bytes to be written.
A value of zero for both the WriteTotalTimeoutMultiplier and WriteTotalTimeoutConstant members indicates that total time-outs are not used for write operations.
For example, if your device transmits a block of characters with a max. timeout value of 500 ms between each characters, you can set the time-out function as SetCommunicationTimeouts(0,500,0,0,0);. If the function succeeds the return value is true otherwise false.
BOOL CSerialCom::WriteByte(BYTE bybyte)
{
 iBytesWritten=0;
 if(WriteFile(hComm,&bybyte,1,&iBytesWritten,NULL)==0)
 return false;
 else
 return true;
}
The WriteByte() member function writes the data byte to the communication port. The parameter to be passed to this function is the byte to be transmitted. You can call this function repeatedly in a loop with your data to be written placed in an array. Each time you send characters, increment the index of the array and call WriteByte() till all data bytes are transmitted.
If the function succeeds the return value is true otherwise false.
BOOL CSerialCom::ReadByte(BYTE &resp)
{
 BYTE rx;
 resp=0;
 DWORD dwBytesTransferred=0;
 if (ReadFile (hComm, &rx, 1, &dwBytesTransferred, 0))
 {
 if (dwBytesTransferred == 1)
 {
 resp=rx;
 return true;
 }
 }
 return false;
}
The ReadByte() member function reads data bytes from the communication port. The parameter to be passed to this function is the address of the variable in which the received data byte is to be stored. You can call this function repeatedly in a loop with your received data moved to an array. Each time you receive characters, increment the index of the array and call ReadByte() till all data bytes are received. If you know exactly the no. of response bytes from the external device you can call the ReadByte() function in a loop till all characters are received or a time out occurs. Sometimes you may not be able to predict the no. of response bytes from the external device. In that case call ReadByte file repeatedly till you get a time out and if the character received previously is a character representing end of transmission in your protocol format, the communication process is successfully completed. For example, for a device following 3964 the end of transmission is 'ETX' character. So use the ReadByte() function properly in accordance with the protocol supported by your external device.
If ReadByte() succeeds the return value is true and the received Byte will be stored in the location pointed by the address of ReadByte( )'s parameter. If a timeout occurs the return value will be false.
void CSerialCom::ClosePort()
{
CloseHandle(hComm);
return;
}
The ClosePort() member function closes a communication port which is already in an Open state.
How To Use 'CSerialCom' Class
Take the following steps to use the CSerialCom class
 1. Copy the SerialCom.h & SerialCom.cpp files and paste into your project directory.
 2. In your VC++ IDE, add the files to your project
 3. Add the line #include "SerialCom.h" in your dialog's header file
 4. Create an instance of the CSerialCom class in your dialog's header file.
You can now call the member functions of CSerialCom when you want to communicate with external device as shown below.
In your dialog's .cpp file:
 // Open Communication Port. Please check functions return value to ensure whether
 // Port opened successfully.
 port.OpenPort( );

 // Configure Port for Communication. Please check functions return value to
 // ensure whether Port is configured successfully.
 port.ConfigurePort( );
 // Set communication time outs. Please check functions return
 // value to ensure whether communication time outs configured
 // successfully.
 port.SetCommunicationTimeouts( );

 // call this function in a loop till all bytes are written. Please check
 // functions return value to ensure whether Write operation completed
 // successfully.
 port.WriteByte();

 // call this function in a loop till all bytes are received. Please check
 // functions return value to ensure whether Read operation completed
 // successfully or a time out occurred.
 port.ReadByte( );
 // Call this function to close the handle to the port.
 // Process the received Data
 port.ClosePort();
Note
This code has been tested with an RS-232 Connector, whose TXD pin & RXD pin were shorted, connected to 'com1' (E.g. for case1: where the no. of databytes to be read is predefined or constant (in this case 1) and with a Smart Card Reader with baud rate 9600 supporting 3964 Protocol for communication (Eg. for case2: where the no. of databytes to be read from the external device is unknown and the end of data transmission is detected by a timeout with the last character received being the End of transmission character in that Protocol ('ETX' Character for 3964 Protocol) in win-98/2000 and it is found working properly.
Some of the explanations given in this article are taken from the MSDN library.
License
This article has no explicit license attached to it but may contain usage terms in the article text or the download files themselves. If in doubt please contact the author via


text:
Structuring student-centered inquiry across disciplines
A proven approach to the problem-solving process
Based on cognitive research, the Project Pals methodology focuses on the three most powerful contributors to improved student understanding: external problem representation, computational thinking, and design thinking. Our methodology helps structure students' approach to problem solving across subjects and provides an effective framework guide for project-based learning.
Driving questions focus student inquiries, and question maps allow students to refine questions into an organized, visual representation.
Upload documents, import Google docs, and attach online articles to a project or assignment for student reference.
Easy-to-use content tools empower students to create project assets in the interactive workspace, thus demonstrating their knowledge and thought process.
Components & Events
Students learn to break problems down into component parts and document processes and timelines of events—an integral part of computational thinking.
Building a mind map enables students to identify patterns and relationships between project assets.
Analyze & Conclude
Students drag-and-drop project assets to compare and contrast information, create a structured analysis, and reach reasoned conclusions.
Students design digital posters or slide decks, choosing relevant information for their audience, and by presenting it, hone essential communication skills.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


History And Philosophy Of Science | Interpreting the Quantum World
X755 | 2999 | Dickson
Quantum Theory claims to be the fundamental theory of physical matter,
and given its amazing predictive success, we should pay attention to
that claim. And yet the interpretation of the theory remains largely
an open question. In the last 30 years, there has been an explosion
of work on the interpretation of quantum theory, and this class will
examine that work in some detail. By the end of the class, you should
have a good grasp of the interpretational landscape.
Time and Day: 2:30 -5:00p.m. M
Place: Goodbody Hall 107


text:
Have you ever imagined, what can be as precious as gold; but as light as air? Well, I don't know about the past, but in today's time, its gold only! Yes, you read it right. Few scientists from ETH Zurich were able to convert gold in the form of a foam, which can be easily molded by hands. With this discovery, gold foam has become the lightest metal on earth, ever discovered.
Gold foam? How does it look like?
Researchers say that though gold foam is as light as air, it's difficult to tell the difference between solid gold and gold foam by naked eye. It so happens because of the aerogel that boasts the metallic luster. This amazing discovery has made the gold foam so soft that it can be molded by hand. That's possible because the gold foam consists of 98% air and only 2% of solid gold metal. Of this solid metal, over four-fifths are gold, and less than one-fifth is milk protein fibrils. This corresponds to around 20 carat gold, according to the researchers at ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology). All in all, gold foam consists of a three-dimensional mesh of gold of mostly pores.
That's why the lead of this research, Raffaele Mezzenga who is a professor of Food and Soft Materials calls the gold foam as a material that is "lighter than water and almost as light as air".
How the gold foam was created?
The scientists created this the gold foam by heating milk proteins to produce nanometer-fine protein fibers, that are also called as amyloid fibrils. These fibrils were later placed in a solution of gold salt. The protein fibers interlaced to form a basic structure, along which the gold simultaneously crystallized into tiny particles. This resulted in a gel-like gold fiber network.
Gustav Nyström, the first author of the corresponding study in the journal Advanced Materials mentions,
"One of the big challenges was how to dry this fine network without destroying it,"
Where can we use the gold foam?
Scientists mention that the material holds unique properties. It is a metal, but due to its porous structure, it is also light. As a result, it can be successfully used in jewelry and watches. Besides, it can be used as a revolutionary catalyst since it has huge surface, with very little quantity. It can be used in chemical labs across the world to carry out several chemical tests on this precious metal.
Gold is not the first metal to be converted into a foam. Scientists have successfully converted copper also into a foam earlier. The copper foam is used in various researches and tests in chemical labs.


text: This picture shows a flowerpot microphone and an older pyramid pressure zone microphone mounted on a roof in Alfred, New York USA. This station has operated every fall since 1991. The mikes are mounted on wood pallets that are tied down to the roof with strong rope. In the case of the flowerpot, you can see that it is propped up with sections of two by four wood blocks so that it is aimed vertically at the sky. The trees in the background are far enough away that their associated wind and insect noise is not a impediment. So, an important consideration before you build one of these microphones is to make sure that you have a suitable location to mount it; one without overhanging trees or close sources of insect or frog noise. Often the mike can be mounted on the roof so that the peak of the roof or some other structure can act as a barrier from direct wind buffeting. In the case above, the mikes are mounted on the south side of the roof's peak for fall migration monitoring. However, you want to make sure that structures on the roof are not so high above the mike that they reflect sound waves on an unimpeded vector to the microphone element. This will result in picking up reflected sound energy that will impede the clarity of the recorded sound.


Quick Answer: How long can I go without eating while pregnant?
What happens if you don't eat all day while pregnant?
Pregnant women who do not eat due to lengthy fasts or famine risk losing the baby in a miscarriage or a premature stillborn delivery. If the starved mother is able to carry the fetus until the third trimester, the premature baby may be born with serious heart and lung problems from a lack of full development.
How long can fetus go without eating?
Considerations. As long as they have water, adult human beings can survive an average of four or five weeks without food.
Can not eating on time harm your baby during pregnancy?
Potential complications related to poor intake during pregnancy. Undernutrition can lead to many pregnancy-related complications, including poor fetal growth, low birth weight, and maternal weight loss. It's also associated with lower mental function and behavioral problems in children ( 29 , 30 , 31 ).
What happens if you wait too long to eat while pregnant?
Going too long without eating during pregnancy can cause nausea or make it worse. If you experience continuous nausea, eat every one to two hours. Avoid greasy, high-fat foods. They are more difficult to digest.
IT IS AMAZING: When should I be concerned about pelvic pain during pregnancy?
Can you go 12 hours without eating when pregnant?
"By morning you've gone eight to 12 hours without food, so you need to eat," Caulfield says. "Skipping breakfast and [other] meals increases the risk of premature labor." Without a healthy morning meal, you also may feel sick to your stomach, lightheaded and, soon, famished.
Can you starve baby while pregnant?
The nourishment and care of the unborn baby must come from the mother through what she eats and drinks. A pregnant mother must take care of herself in order to nourish the baby. Eating disorders in pregnancy can starve your unborn baby.
What happens if you go 24 hours without eating while pregnant?
Conclusions: Prolonged periods without food intake during pregnancy are associated with elevated maternal corticotropin-releasing hormone concentrations and with preterm delivery.
Can you have a miscarriage from not eating?
We often hear that smoking or alcohol or not eating enough of nutrient X causes miscarriages, and though some of this is true, women should understand that most miscarriages are not caused by any bad habits or lifestyles at all – simply bad luck.
Is it bad to only eat twice a day while pregnant?
Contrary to what one may think, eating for two doesn't mean to eat twice as much. Rather, the general recommendation is to eat about 300 extra calories per day. Specific caloric recommendations per day depend on the stage of pregnancy.
How do I know if I'm eating enough while pregnant?
To find out whether you're getting adequate fluids, check your urine: If it's light yellow or clear, you're drinking enough; if it's dark yellow, drink more. Also, because the kidneys excrete salt actively during pregnancy, be sure to include a moderate amount of iodized salt in your diet, says Copel.
IT IS AMAZING: Can I lay baby down after feeding?


text:
Cancun and the Riviera Maya are two popular tourist destinations in Mexico. Both offer beautiful beaches, clear water, and plenty of activities to enjoy. However, there are some key differences between the two destinations that may make one a better fit for you than the other.
Cancun is located on the Yucatán Peninsula, in the state of Quintana Roo. It is a popular destination for spring breakers and families alike. The Riviera Maya is also located on the Yucatán Peninsula, but it is further south of Cancun. The Riviera Maya is known for its more relaxed atmosphere and its proximity to ancient Mayan ruins.
Activities to do in Cancun and the Riviera Maya
The beaches in Cancun and the Riviera Maya are some of the most beautiful in the world. The sand is white and soft, and the water is clear and turquoise. However, there are some differences between the beaches in the two destinations. The beaches in Cancun are wider and more crowded than the beaches in the Riviera Maya. The beaches in the Riviera Maya are also more secluded, which makes them a better choice for people who are looking for a more relaxing beach vacation.
Cancun and the Riviera Maya offer a variety of activities to enjoy. In Cancun, you can go swimming, snorkeling, diving, parasailing, and windsurfing. You can also visit the nearby Mayan ruins of Chichen Itza and Tulum. The Riviera Maya also offers a variety of activities, but it is known for its cenotes (natural sinkholes) and its opportunities for eco-tourism. You can go swimming, snorkeling, and diving in the cenotes, and you can also go hiking, biking, and horseback riding in the jungle.
Nightlife: where's best?
Cancun is known for its vibrant nightlife. There are many nightclubs and bars in Cancun, and the party atmosphere is always alive. The Riviera Maya also has a lively nightlife scene, but it is not as wild as Cancun. The Riviera Maya is a better choice for people who are looking for a more laid-back nightlife experience.
Which destination adjusts to your budget?
Cancun is a more expensive destination than the Riviera Maya for a number of reasons. First, Cancun is a more popular destination, which means that there is more demand for hotels, restaurants, and other tourism-related businesses. This drives up prices. Second, Cancun has more amenities than the Riviera Maya. This includes things like world-class resorts, casinos, and shopping malls. These amenities come at a cost.
The Riviera Maya is a good choice for people who are looking for a more affordable vacation. Prices in the Riviera Maya are generally lower than in Cancun. This is because the Riviera Maya is not as popular as Cancun and it has fewer amenities. However, the Riviera Maya still offers a great beach vacation experience. It has beautiful beaches, clear waters, and plenty of activities to enjoy.
Here are some additional tips for saving money on a vacation to the Riviera Maya:
- Stay in a hostel or Airbnb instead of a hotel.
- Eat at local restaurants instead of tourist traps.
- Take advantage of free activities, such as swimming in the ocean, exploring cenotes, and hiking in the jungle.
- Book your flights and accommodations in advance to get the best deals.
- Consider traveling during the off-season (May-June or September-October) to get lower prices.
So, which destination is right for you? If you are looking for a party atmosphere and a wide variety of activities, then Cancun is the better choice. If you are looking for a more relaxed vacation with stunning beaches and cenotes, then the Riviera Maya is the better choice.
No matter which destination you choose, you are sure to have a great vacation in Mexico. The Yucatán Peninsula is a beautiful and diverse region with something to offer everyone.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text: The Knight Cancer Institute at Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) in Portland has just announced an important partnership with San Diego-based bioprinting technology company Organovo. Research into the biology of cancer, especially how it metastasizes, has been complicated in the past by the limitations of animal models and cell cultures, which really don't tell us enough about the workings of cancer within a human being. Organovo creates living, 3-D human tissue using their bioprinting device, the NovoGen MMX (below). The partnership between OHSU and Organovo will allow cancer research at Knight Institute labs to much more closely model the complex architecture of malignancy within the human body, using in vitro tissue. Ultimately this will lead to the development of more accurate therapeutics and pre-clinical trials.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Ad Widgets
Ad Widgets are probably the easiest way to get your ads onto your pages. Ad Widgets function like other widgets in WordPress and can be placed in any widgetized area of your site - most commonly this is your sidebar or footer areas, but this is going vary wildly with the theme you've chosen.
AdSanity has three different Ad Widgets you can use to place your ads:
The Ad Group Widget
The Random Ad Widget
The Single Ad Widget
Ad Group Widget
The Ad Group widget allows you to rotate through many ads an Ad Group into a widgetized area of your site.
There are a few configurations available to the Ad Group widget. You can title the ad group, select the group that you'd like to be displayed in the widget, choose how many ads from the group are to be displayed at the same time, and set the number of columns that you'd like the group to be displayed in (fig. 1).
fig. 1 - The ad group widget
This allows you to present your ad groups in a variety of ways. Here is an example of displaying four ads from a group in one column (fig. 2).
fig. 2 - The widget displayed in the sidebar
Note: your theme may require you to specify a title for your widget areas in order for the ads to display properly. If you're running into an ad display issue with a widget, try setting a title for the widget if you don't already have one set.
Random Ad Widget
The Random Ad widget allows you to select an ad group and the widget will display a random member of that ad group with each page refresh.
You can set the title for the Random Ad Widget and choose the ad group to display (fig. 1).
fig. 1 - The Random Ad Widget
Single Ad Widget
The Single Ad Widget allows you to place a single ad in a widgetized area of your site.
The widget allows you to set a title for the widget and choose the ad you want to display (fig. 1).
fig. 1 - The Single Ad Widget


Mechatronic design of the Twente humanoid head
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Reilink, Rob and Visser, Ludo C. and Brouwer, Dannis M. and Carloni, Raffaella and Stramigioli, Stefano (2010) Mechatronic design of the Twente humanoid head. Intelligent Service Robotics . ISSN _PHONE_
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Abstract:This paper describes the mechatronic design of the Twente humanoid head, which has been realized in the purpose of having a research platform for human-machine interaction. The design features a fast, four degree of freedom neck, with long range of motion, and a vision system with three degrees of freedom, mimicking the eyes. To achieve fast target tracking, two degrees of freedom in the neck are combined in a differential drive, resulting in a low moving mass and the possibility to use powerful actuators. The performance of the neck has been optimized by minimizing backlash in the mechanisms, and using gravity compensation. The vision system is based on a saliency algorithm that uses the camera images to determine where the humanoid head should look at, i.e. the focus of attention computed according to biological studies. The motion control algorithm receives, as input, the output of the vision algorithm and controls the humanoid head to focus on and follow the target point. The control architecture exploits the redundancy of the system to show human-like motions while looking at a target. The head has a translucent plastic cover, onto which an internal LED system projects the mouth and the eyebrows, realizing human-like facial expressions.
Item Type:Article
Copyright:© 2010 The Author(s)
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Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science (EEMCS)
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text:
No, this is not a new Nintendo Wii game. This is actually research project at the University of Southern Denmark. The project is called Casmobot (Computer Assisted Slope Mowing Robot). 'The Casmobot project is about making grass cutting more efficient,' said Kjeld Jensen, a robotics researcher at the University of Southern Denmark who developed the system. It uses a standard Wiimote that communicates via Bluetooth to a computer and robotics module built into the mower. Actions of the mower are matched to tilt actions of the remote. For example, if you tilt the remote down the mower moves forwards; tilt it up, and it moves backwards, and so on. The Wiimote can be used to control the mower manually or in computer-assisted mode, where the mower uses autonomous navgiation based on RTK GPS positioning to cut larger areas."
See video below.


text:
Posted: Sep 26, 2012 9:56 AM by Adam Bell - MTN News
Updated: Sep 26, 2012 8:02 AM
WEST YELLOWSTONEYellowstone National Park moving forward with new steps to help revive the native cutthroat trout population.
Re-establishing the cut throat trout population in Yellowstone National Park is one of the park's top priorities. And now the park is stepping up their efforts with chemicals.
The streams were stocked with non-native Brook Trout decades ago, but their presence brought a decline in the native Cutthroat Trout in the park's lakes, rivers and streams.
Biologists will introduce a fish toxin known as Rotenone into the streams this week to remove the Brook Trout.
While the chemical will be introduced in small quantities, the park advises visitors not to swim in or drink from the streams through October 7. Warning signs will be posted at all treated areas.
This year's treatment is the first in a series that will be conducted until the Brook Trout have been completely removed from the streams. The park will then re-introduce genetically pure native Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout to the streams.
The long-term plan is not only to support native species restoration, but also for these streams to provide a brood stock population of Cutthroat for future restoration efforts.
The Rotenone chemical will be introduced to the Elk Creek and its tributaries, near Tower Junction. Park Officials say this project will not impact the nearby Yellowstone River.


Biology Department Integrative Exercise
Welcome to the Senior Integrative Exercise. These pages contain the definitive set of requirements and instructions, and should be consulted as questions arise during the course of your comps work. If you have any questions, please contact John Tymoczko, who will be in charge of the comps requirement in Biology for the year.
There are three requirements that must be completed successfully to pass Biology comps:
 1. Submit a synopsis and bibliography that provides an answer to the question you've chosen from the list provided. The synopsis is limited to 10,000 characters (approximately 5-6 pages). Spaces, references, tables and figure legends do NOT count toward the character limit. Detailed instructions are given in "Form and Style of the Synopsis and Bibliography" below. This written assignment is due at the end of your first comps term.
 2. Make an oral presentation of up to 25 minutes, based on your answer to the chosen question. The presentation is immediately followed by 30 minutes of questions from the two members of your faculty committee. This takes place in the first half of the second term of your comps.
 3. Attend 10 of the weekly Biology Department Visiting Speakers Series held Monday afternoons from 3:30-4:30 PM. Majors should plan to start attending the visiting speakers seminars during the Spring Term of junior year (no matter which term you are writing your synopsis). You must sign a sheet that will be available in the seminar room for your attendance to count towards the comps requirement.


text:
We have from long time 3.2.3 breeding group CB.
Our Pseudemys nelsoni are all captive bred. The males are bigger then the females. The biggest male is about 28 cm SCL and 1,8 kg. They are housed for all the year in a large and deep pond with others Emididae like Chrysemys and Graptemys. We don't never notice aggressive behaviours among these turtles, because all the specimen have a lot of space available. We feed Pseudemys nelsoni only once a week with vegetables, grass, fruit, and once a month with dead fish and shrimps; in the pond they can find food everytime they need.


text:
In today's interconnected world, VIP events bring together individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds, making effective cross-cultural communication crucial for successful interactions. Whether you are hosting or attending a VIP event, understanding the dos and don'ts of cross-cultural communication can significantly enhance the experience for all involved.
Firstly, it is essential to approach cultural differences with an open mind and genuine curiosity. Do take the time to research and learn about the customs, traditions, and etiquette of the guests' cultures. This knowledge will enable you to show respect and appreciation for their backgrounds, making them feel valued and welcomed. Moreover, be mindful of non-verbal communication cues, such as body language, gestures, and personal space, as these can vary across cultures. Respect personal boundaries and adapt your own behavior accordingly.
On the other hand, there are certain don'ts that should be avoided during cross-cultural communication at VIP events. One of the most important don'ts is assuming that everyone shares your own cultural norms. Avoid making assumptions, stereotypes, or generalizations about individuals based on their culture. Instead, focus on building genuine connections through active listening and asking open-ended questions. Additionally, be cautious of using humour or sarcasm, as it can easily be misunderstood or offensive in different cultural contexts. Always prioritize sensitivity and be mindful of potential cultural sensitivities or taboos.
Furthermore, language plays a vital role in cross-cultural communication. Don't assume that everyone speaks English fluently or solely rely on interpreters. It is respectful to learn a few key phrases in the native language of your VIP guests, even if it's just greetings or basic expressions. This small effort demonstrates your willingness to bridge language barriers and shows respect for their culture.
In summary, mastering cross-cultural communication at VIP events requires a combination of cultural knowledge, sensitivity, and adaptability. By following the dos and avoiding the don'ts, you can create an inclusive and harmonious environment that fosters meaningful connections and memorable experiences for all attendees. Embrace the opportunity to learn from different cultures and celebrate the richness that diversity brings to these special occasions.


text: The STEPHAN Vacutherm® system is a compact process unit. It has been designed primarily for the production of prepared food. Several process steps are combined in one machine. Liquid and solid ingredient processing as well as particle incorporation can be performed. The STEPHAN Vacutherm® system has been developed and optimized in collaboration with manufacturers of prepared foods. Precisely controlled processes result in high product quality and repeatability. The highly flexible system produces a wide range of food products. The compact system combines several process steps in a single machine. These are mixing, dispersing, downsizing, heating, cooling, pasteurizing, deaerating, and emulsifying. Liquid and solid ingredient processing as well as particle incorporation can be performed. Furthermore, the products can be processed both hot and cold. Main features: PROCESSING TEMPERATURE: MAX 110 ° C, TILTED PROCESSING TANK, AUTOMATICALLY OPERATED LID, MIXING ARM WITH WALL AND LOWER SCRAPER (FREQUENCY CONTROLLED), WATER DOSING DEVICE, VACUUM UNIT, SIEMENS PLC, VACUUM INJECTION LOWER SEAT VALVE FOR DISCHARGE, DISCHARGE PUMP, ROTOR-STATOR SYSTEM (MICROCUT STEPHAN EMULSION) AND DOSING SYSTEMS.


How do i plant an avacado pit/seed?
Key West, FL(Zone 11)
A neighbor gave me an avocado from her tree and i was wondering how do I grow one for myself?
Lee's Summit, MO(Zone 6a)
From a search:
To sprout the seed, remove the large seed from the center of the fruit and wash it in water. For propagation purposes, the broad end of the seed is considered to be the bottom. The pointed end is the top. Insert several toothpicks into the sides of the seed. They should be placed about halfway up the pit. Then suspend the seed in a glass of water. The bottom one fourth of the seed should rest in water.
The seed should sprout within a few weeks. During this time, periodically add water to maintain the initial water level. If it doesn't sprout within 2 to 3 months, discard the original avocado and begin another. The roots are usually the first to emerge from the seed. The stem appears later. Pot the seedling when the root system has become well developed; the roots should be at least 2 to 3 inches long.
Remove the toothpicks and plant into a 6 to 8 inch pot using a commercial potting mix. Position the seed in the center of the pot. The top of the seed should be level with the soil surface. After potting, water thoroughly, then place the plant in a brightly lit location. A location near an east or west window is ideal. Water the plant regularly. Keep the soil moist, but not wet. Fertilize once or twice a month during the spring and summer with a houseplant fertilizer.
Avocado plants grow rapidly. They often have to be discarded after 2 or 3 years because they've become too large for indoors. (The avocado is actually a tree. It will never produce fruit indoors as it may take 20 or more years to bear fruit.)
Mc Call Creek, MS
I've had some that accidentally got thrown in my mulch pile. They come up just as if they were planted.
The Other Kay
(Hi Kay Jones! Long time no hear. Good to hear from you!)
Lee's Summit, MO(Zone 6a)
Portland, OR(Zone 8a)
I've enjoyed starting avocado seeds for years. I use them as a house plant and when they die they get composted. Not sure they would survive as an outside tree in this climate. The planting advice above is correct. I have recently learned that topping the plant/tree would make for a more bushy plant. It works.
I think that if you want fruit you need at least two trees to cross-pollinate.
Attached is a picture of two of my avocado plants. The one on the left is lopped and the one on the right is not.
Thumbnail by MichaelZ
Dublin, CA(Zone 9a)
They will produce fruit without a second tree--I had one in the backyard at my old house and it was the only avocado for miles and it still produced fruit just fine. Maybe they'd produce more if they had a "friend" but you can definitely get fruit from just one.
Key West, FL(Zone 11)
Thanks guys, i guess its a big tree coz ive beem eating them for weeks now...I'll see what happens..Cheers
Mc Call Creek, MS
Many years ago when we lived in New Orleans (zone 9b) our neighbor across the street planted an avocado seed. It grew into an enormous, beautiful tree.....much taller than his house. It covered itself with avocados....hundreds of them I think. Our neighbor told us how delicious they were and how much they were enjoying them.
That winter we got the worst freeze I can remember in New Orleans. The palm trees, the bottlebrush trees,.......all the tropical plants, of which New Orleans was covered....froze to the ground.
...including their beautiful, fruitful avocado tree. Nope! We never got a taste of one of those avocados, but that tree gave me hope that some day I might grow one big enought to bear fruit.
Besides, this man made home made pecan Easter eggs for our kids one year and brought them over. He fed them and all the kids in the neighborhood ice cream when the ice cream man passed one day. When his garden made enormous tomatoes, he brought us over a huge tomato one day, sliced in two and covered with Italian cheese, and baked. Delicious! He was a very good man at heart.
This is truly off the subject, but he had a problem. He worked offshore and could not drink on the job. So he stayed drunk the entire time he was home. You never KNEW he was drunk because you had never seen him any other way.
One day another neighbor stopped at our curb to talk with my husband, who was out mowing the yard. He had stopped directly behind the neighbor across the street's driveway. The neighbor across the street got in his car, backed out, hit the other neighbor's car, waved and drove off.
The next day the other neighbor went to see the neighbor across the street to tell him that he would need to pay for the damage to his car. The neighbor across the street called my husband to ask him if he had really backed into the other neighbor. When my husband told him, "yes", he gave the other neighbor his insurance information to pay the damages.
It was really sad,.... but it was still so funny! He just had no recollection of the incident at all.
Chillicothe, OH
I'd like to thank you for this thread--all of you, even the off topic stuff, which was interesting and with a couple of great recipes thrown in for good measure! I was on my way over here (from the less tropical forums where things regularly freeze) to ask about growing avocados indoors for an ambitious friend. This thread answered all his (and my) questions very thoroughly, so on behalf of my friend and myself, again, I thank you all.
Post a Reply to this Thread


text: Women's 1930s hats were small and simple in decoration, yet their shaping was a work of art. Folded, molded, and angled felt made hats look like something out of a Picasso painting. A small belt, bow or brooch was the only ornament on most women's '30s hats. The cloche had remained common into the 1930s but now had a rolled brim. In summer, a small straw plate hat or very large straw picture hat, some with fabric coverings, were in style. In winter knit berets, scarves and turbans kept heads warm and fashionable. Read about the history of 1930s women's hats with our article here.


The Corona Simulator
The Corona Simulator
In this guide we'll walk through the basic functionality of the Corona Simulator.
There are three files that will launch the simulator. Two are meant to be run from the terminal, and the other by itself. The terminal-launched versions will give you access to the debugger as well as display any errors that may occur. These three files are named 'Corona Simulator', 'simulator' and 'debugger'.
To launch the Corona Simulator, simply double click its icon. In the dialog that appears, navigate to your project directory and click "Open".
The project simulator itself has all the similar features across the three versions mentioned earlier:
 - Re-launching: If you modify your code, rather than restarting the simulator, you can relaunch from within the simulator by either going to 'File' and choosing 'Relaunch' or typing 'command-R'. If you've saved the changes to your main.lua file, you will now see the latest version in the simulator.
 - Video Recording: if you want to show off your app or need to demonstrate a functionality or a bug, you can record a video of it at 15fps. To access this, go to the 'File' menu and select 'Record Video' or hit 'control-R'. You will then be prompted for a file name and location to save your video. Once you have done this, your video will start recording. To stop, simply go back to the 'File' menu and select 'Stop Recording' or 'control-S'. The file is saved in quicktime format.
 - Accelerometer Control: You can change the simulated orientation of the device or send a 'shake' command by accessing the 'Hardware' menu, or by pressing 'Command' along with the left, right, or up arrows.
 - Suspend: You can suspend your simulation at any time by accessing the 'Hardware' menu and selecting 'Suspend' or 'Command' and the down arrow. This will pause your project's simulation. To resume, access the 'Hardware' menu again and select 'Resume' or press 'Command' and the down arrow again.
To access the terminal launch versions, simply drag either the 'simulator' or 'debugger' to the terminal and hit 'Return', or double-click them to launch a terminal window automatically. Both will ask you to navigate to your project directory and click "Open". The debugger requires a command in order to begin. Type 'help' at the prompt for a list of those commands.


text:
SMP Buffer for Lime Requirement Frank Sikora Application and Principle The SMP buffer method was developed for lime requirement determination on Ohio soils in 1961. The method is suited for silt loam soils with a wide range of extractable Al. Prior to 1962, the Woodruff buffer method (1948) was observed to underestimate lime requirement for Ohio soils with appreciable extractable Al (McLean et al. 1958). Shoemaker, McLean and Pratt developed the SMP buffer method to remedy this problem (Shoemaker et al., 1961). The SMP buffer is added to a soil-water slurry after measurement of soil pH. The SMP buffer has an initial pH of 7.5. Bases in the buffer react with soil acidity to reduce the pH of the buffer from 7.5 to some measured soil-buffer pH. The greater a decline in soil-buffer pH from an initial value of 7.5, the greater the lime requirement for neutralizing soil acidity. Equipment and Apparatus 1. Soil scoop and leveling rod 2. pH cups 3. Holding rack for pH cups 4. Dispenser for water or electrolyte solution added to soil 5. Manual pH meter or automated pH analyzer 6. Glass pH electrode with an internal reference element or a separate reference electrode 7. Analytical balance and glassware for making electrolyte solutions if they are added to soil Reagents 1. Following are directions for making 1 L of SMP buffer. Multiply quantities by the appropriate factor for making larger volumes of the buffer. a. Add 800 mL deionized water to a container. b. Add 1.8 g parnitrophenol and dissolve. c. Add 3 g potassium chromate (K2CrO4) and dissolve. d. Add 53.1 g calcium chloride dehydrate (CaCl2.2H2O) and dissolve. e. Add 2 g calcium acetate (Ca(CO2CH3)2) and dissolve. f. Add 2.5 mL triethanolamine and dissolve. g. Bring solution to a volume of 1 L with DI water. h. Adjust the pH of the solution to 7.5 with dropwise addition of 40% (w/w) NaOH or 50% (v/v) HCl. Procedure 1. Follow the procedure for making a 1:1 soil:water pH measurement (see Chapter X). 2. Add a volume of SMP buffer to the soil slurry that is twice the volume of water used. For example, if 10 g of soil and 10 mL of DI water was used for soil pH, add 20 mL of SMP buffer. 3. Shake the soil-water-buffer solution on an end-to-end shaker for 10 minutes and let set for 30 minutes after shaking. Alternatively, shake for 15 minutes and let set for 15 minutes after shaking. If using an automated pH analyzer, stir the buffer with soil vigorously and allow solution to set for at least 30 minutes. 4. Ensure room temperature is between 20 and 25oC before proceeding with pH measurement. 5. Calibrate pH meter and electrode using pH 4 and 7 buffers. 6. Place electrode in the soil slurry to measure pH. Measurement may be taken with or without continuous stirring. If measurement is made without continuous stirring, stir the sample with a stir bar before placing electrode in the sample. Allow adequate time for pH to reach a stable reading. Stability can be ascertained by pH meter settings for manual measurements or software settings for automated instruments. Software settings used by 4 Southeastern USA laboratories for automated LabFit instruments range from 5 to 30 second delay time before pH measurements begin, 4 to 10 similar pH measurements obtained (one pH measurement per second) before stability has been reached, similar pH measurements ascertained with pH differences equal to or less than 0.01 to 0.03 pH units, and maximum time for pH measurement for a single sample ranging from 20 to 90 seconds. Analytical Performance Range and Sensitivity 1. Soil-buffer pH is most often within a range from 6.3 to 7.5. For very acidic soils, the soil-buffer pH can be as low as 5.3. Precision and Accuracy 1. pH measurements can be made to the nearest 0.1 or 0.01 pH unit. There is no need to measure pH with more than 2 decimal places since this level of accuracy is not achievable or required. If measurements are made to the nearest 0.01 pH unit, pH can be rounded to 0.1 pH units before reporting to clients. 2. Typical measurements of interlaboratory precision for SMP buffer pH are shown below. Method Number of Mean Standard measurements deviation SMP soil-buffer pH 10 6.78 0.09 Interferences 1. The SMP soil-buffer pH reaches stability quicker than pH measured in DI water due to the pH buffering capacity of the SMP buffer and the presence of electrolytes in the buffer. Differences in pH may still occur with electrode placed in a soil-slurry or in the supernatant after the soil has settled. To avoid this variability in pH, it is important to stir the soil slurry right before measurement. 2. The junction potential of electrodes can become clogged during storage or after repeated measurements. Make sure to clean electrodes periodically to ensure proper measurements. When electrodes fail to measure pH of calibration buffers or quality control samples show more error than expected, replace electrodes. Interpretation 1. Lime requirement is obtained from the SMP soil-buffer pH. Shoemaker, McLean and Pratt (1961) calibrated the SMP soil-buffer pH to lime requirement for achieving a target soil-water pH of 6.0, 6.4, or 6.8 as shown in the table below. Lime requirement is shown as pure CaCO3 for a 6 inch plow depth. Laboratories may have different recommendation tables obtained from calibration data specific to soils in their region. Pure CaCO3 required (tons/acre) to increase soil-water pH to following values Soil-buffer pH pH 6.0 pH 6.4 pH 6.8 6.7 1.0 1.2 1.4 6.6 1.4 1.7 1.9 6.5 1.8 2.2 2.5 6.4 2.3 2.7 3.1 6.3 2.7 3.2 3.7 6.2 3.1 3.7 4.2 6.1 3.5 4.2 4.8 6.0 3.9 4.7 5.4 5.9 4.4 5.2 6.0 5.8 4.8 5.7 6.5 5.7 5.2 6.2 7.1 5.6 5.6 6.7 7.7 5.5 6.0 7.2 8.3 5.4 6.5 7.7 8.9 5.3 6.9 8.2 9.4 2. To adjust to a rate of agricultural limestone that is less effective than pure CaCO3, multiply the CaCO3 rate by 100 / (% effectiveness of agricultural limestone). A common % effectiveness of agricultural limestone is 67% which results in a multiplication factor of 1.5. 3. To adjust lime requirement to a soil depth other than 6 inches, multiply the agricultural limestone rate by soil depth / 6. For a soil depth of 8 inches, the multiplication factor would be 1.33. Effects of Storage 1. Air-dried soils may be stored several months without affecting the soil-buffer pH measurement provided they are stored in an ammonia free environment or in a tightly sealed container. 2. The electrodes used for pH measurement should be maintained and stored according to the manufacturer's instructions. Any automated instrument used for pH measurement should be maintained according to manufacturer's directions. Safety and disposal 1. Paranitrophenol and potassium chromate are defined as hazardous chemicals by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act due to toxicity (USEPA, 1980a). A laboratory generating more than 100 kg of material in a month is considered a hazardous waste generator that needs to follow hazardous waste disposal protocols defined by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA, 1980b). References McLean, E.O., Heddleson, M.R., Bartlett, R.J., and N. Holowaychuk. 1958. Aluminum in soils: I. Extraction methods and magnitude in clays and Ohio soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 22:382- 387. Shoemaker, H.E., E.O. McLean, and P.F. Pratt. 1961. Buffer methods for determining lime requirement of soils with appreciable amounts of extractable aluminum. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 25:274-277. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1980a. Title 40. Protection of Environment. Part 261– Identification and Listing of Hazardous Wastes. Revised as of 1 July 2004.U.S. Gov. Print. Office, Washington, DC. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1980b. Title 40. Protection of Environment. Part 262— Standards applicable to generators of hazardous wastes. Revised as of 1 July 2003. U.S. Gov. Print. Office, Washington, DC. Woodruff, C.M. 1948. Testing soils for lime requirement by means of a buffered solution and the glass electrode. Soil Sci. 66:53-63.
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"SoilBufferpH SMP Sikora final Dec 15"Please download to


with gynaecological cancer face a difficult journey. For women residing in areas geographically removed from major health providers the journey can be much more difficult. While they 'make do' and 'struggle on', their lived experiences can provide valuable insight into the complex issues surrounding a cancer diagnosis in rural areas. This study aimed to understand their experiences through the women's stories and sought to identify the major themes impacting on these stories. This qualitative phenomenological study undertook interviews with seven women with gynaecological cancer who reside in rural and remote north Queensland. Analysis of the data collected revealed three themes: seeking answers at a distance; sharing information within a small community; and experiences of navigating the health system. The results show the inherent difficulties in accessing support in rural areas and the difficulties associated with travelling considerable distances to undergo treatment.
 20. Contrasting photosynthetic characteristics of forest vs. savanna species (Far North Queensland, Australia)
 NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
 Bloomfield, K. J.; Domingues, T. F.; Saiz, G.; Bird, M. I.; Crayn, D. M.; Ford, A.; Metcalfe, D. J.; Farquhar, G. D.; Lloyd, J.
 2014-12-01
 Forest and savanna are the two dominant vegetation types of the tropical regions with very few tree species common to both. At a broad scale, it has long been recognised that the distributions of these two biomes are principally governed by precipitation and its seasonality, but with soil physical and chemical properties also potentially important. For tree species drawn from a range of forest and savanna sites in tropical Far North Queensland, Australia, we compared leaf traits of photosynthetic capacity, structure and nutrient concentrations. Area-based photosynthetic capacity was higher for the savanna species with a steeper slope to the photosynthesis ↔ nitrogen (N) relationship compared with the forest group. Higher leaf mass per unit leaf area for the savanna trees derived from denser rather than thicker leaves and did not appear to restrict rates of light-saturated photosynthesis when expressed on either an area or mass basis. Median ratios of foliar N to phosphorus (P) were relatively high (>20) at all sites, but we found no evidence for a dominant P limitation of photosynthesis for either forest or savanna trees. A parsimonious mixed-effects model of area-based photosynthetic capacity retained vegetation type and both N and P as explanatory terms. Resulting model-fitted predictions suggested a good fit to the observed data (R2 = 0.82). The model's random component found variation in area-based photosynthetic response to be much greater among species (71% of response variance) than across sites (9%). These results suggest that, on a leaf-area basis, savanna trees of Far North Queensland, Australia, are capable of photosynthetically outperforming forest species at their common boundaries.
 1. Late Holocene and recent rainforest cultural landscapes of North Queensland, Australia
 NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
 Steinberger, L. M.; Moss, P. T.; Haberle, S.; Cosgrove, R.; Ferrier
 2011-12-01
 The tropical rainforests of North Queensland, Australia, have been environments of significant human activity for several thousand years. Palaeoecological research has highlighted the long-term effects of Quaternary climate change on these environments at a broad spatial scale, including the expansion of tropical rainforest across the region following the termination of the Last Glacial Maximum. However, identifying the effects of a hunter-gatherer Aboriginal population has been more difficult. Palaeoecological suggestions of Pleistocene Aboriginal burning, based on pollen and charcoal records, have relied on coincident timing with a general narrative of colonisation rather than direct links with archaeological evidence. Current research is explicitly examining the environmental consequences of human activity in North Queensland rainforests by producing local palaeoecological data directly linked to sites and periods of human occupation. Pollen, macrocharcoal and phytolith records have been produced from sites of human activity within the rainforest. Late Holocene Aboriginal occupation of the rainforest is demonstrated to have had significant cultural links to patches of open vegetation that existed within the rainforest. While these patches are likely to have originated as edaphically controlled remnants of Pleistocene vegetation, their expansion and maintenance in the late Holocene is associated with increasing intensity of Aboriginal occupation of the rainforest. Late Holocene Aboriginal rainforest occupation is also contrasted with the historical European colonisation of the rainforest in the late 19th century, which resulted in the most significant environmental changes in the region since the early Holocene. Historical and ethnographic records provide important cultural context for understanding the transition between Aboriginal and European cultural landscapes of the rainforest.
 2. Contrasting photosynthetic characteristics of forest vs. savanna species (far North Queensland, Australia)
 NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
 Bloomfield, K. J.; Domingues, T. F.; Saiz, G.; Bird, M. I.; Crayn, D. M.; Ford, A.; Metcalfe, D. J.; Farquhar, G. D.; Lloyd, J.
 2014-06-01
 Forest and savanna are the two dominant vegetation types of the tropical regions with very few tree species common to both. Aside from precipitation patterns, boundaries between these two vegetation types are strongly determined by soil characteristics and nutrient availability. For tree species drawn from a range of forest and savanna sites in tropical far north Queensland, Australia, we compared leaf traits of photosynthetic capacity, structure and nutrient concentrations. Area-based photosynthetic capacity was higher for the savanna species with a steeper slope to the photosynthesis ↔ Nitrogen relationship compared with the forest group. Higher leaf mass per unit leaf area for the savanna trees derived from denser rather than thicker leaves and did not appear to restrict rates of light-saturated photosynthesis when expressed on either an area- or mass-basis. Median ratios of foliar N to phosphorus were above 20 at all sites, but we found no evidence for a dominant P-limitation of photosynthesis for the forest group. A parsimonious mixed-effects model of area-based photosynthetic capacity retained vegetation type and both N and P as explanatory terms. Resulting model-fitted predictions suggested a good fit to the observed data (R2 = 0.82). The model's random component found variation in area-based photosynthetic response to be much greater among species (71% of response variance) than across sites (9%). These results suggest that in leaf area-based photosynthetic terms, savanna trees of far north Queensland, Australia are capable of out-performing forest species at their common boundaries1. 1 Adopted symbols and abbreviations are defined in Table 5.
 3. 1. WET SPOT NEAR NORTH PROJECT BOUNDARY, WHERE RHODES DITCH ...
 Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey
 1. WET SPOT NEAR NORTH PROJECT BOUNDARY, WHERE RHODES DITCH RECEIVES WATER FROM A NATURAL DRAINAGE. VIEW TO SOUTH. - Natomas Ditch System, Rhodes Ditch, West of Bidwell Street, north of U.S. Highway 50, Folsom, Sacramento County, CA
 4. The 1993 dengue 2 epidemic in Charters Towers, North Queensland: clinical features and public health impact.
 PubMed Central
 McBride, W. J.; Mullner, H.; LaBrooy, J. T.; Wronski, I.
 1998-01-01
 In 1993 an epidemic caused by dengue virus type 2 occurred in several North Queensland population centres. Charters Towers, estimated population 10,000, had 155 officially notified cases. An analysis of symptoms was undertaken using a random sample of 1000 residents to determine specificity of symptoms, the subclinical infection rate, and to establish the true extent of the epidemic. Retrospective diagnoses of dengue fever were based on the presence of both serum dengue 2 neutralizing antibody and presence of symptoms. An estimated 20% of the population had dengue fever. The rate of subclinical infections in this epidemic was 14.6%. There were no symptoms that were specific for dengue fever. Bleeding occurred more frequently in people who recalled a previous dengue infection during a dengue 1 epidemic 12 years earlier (55.6% vs. 16.8%, P = 0.003). Surveillance for future epidemics should be based on serological and virological confirmation of dengue virus infection amongst symptomatic patient. PMID:_PHONE_
 5. Cryptic diversity within the narrowly endemic Lerista wilkinsi group of north Queensland-two new species (Reptilia: Scincidae).
 PubMed
 Couper, Patrick J; Amey, Andrew P; Wilmer, Jessica Worthington
 2016-01-01
 Herein we describe two new species of the skink genus Lerista from north-eastern Queensland, based on morphological and genetic data. Additionally, we redescribe L. cinerea as this species is morphologically more variable than previously suggested. We allocate these three species to the L. wilkinsi group (Greer et al. 1983) which is here identified as an endemic Queensland radiation, comprising L. ameles, L. cinerea, L. hobsoni sp. nov., L. storri, L. vanderduysi sp. nov., L. vittata and L. wilkinsi. A number of these species have strong associations with semi-evergreen


text:
Dhammayazika is located in Pwasaw region. in the southern part of Bagan. This temple was built by King Narapati Sithu. The name of the pagoda. Dhammayazika or Dhammarajika in Pali means "Pertaining the King of Law. The structure of Dhammayazika Pagoda has pentagonal terraces instead of the usual Bagan pagodas. the square base.
There are three receding terraces. ornamented with glazed Jataka plaques. On each side of the pagoda. there is a small temple housing an image of Buddha.
The usual practice in most temples was to have four images facing the cardinal points. representing the four Buddhas of the present world cycle who have already attained Enlightenment.
But in this pagoda the fifth temple is placed with the future becoming Buddha. All the five names of the Buddha are Kakusandha. Konagamana. Kassapa. Gotama and Metteyya. The inscription records say tht in 1197 King Narapatisithu received four holy relics from the King of Sri Lanka and that he built the pagoda in 1198 to enshrine the relics.


text:
Goldenrod Gall Flies: Writing a Lab Report in the Form of a Scientific Paper
through its collaboration with the SERC Pedagogic Service.
In this biology lab, students investigate whether goldenrod gall fly larvae collected from restored prairie area are different from larvae collected from a small native prairie 10 km away. They look for biochemical differences in proteins using cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Students determine the genotype of each gall fly; students compare the combined class' genotypes for the two groups of gall flies statistically using chi-square analysis. Students read a related scientific paper and discuss it in a subsequent lab session. Students write a full lab report describing their results using standard scientific paper formatting. A detailed description of this format and the writing process is provided.
- Students learn to use the technique of cellulose acetate electrophoresis to separate proteins.
- Students work with real data and analyze the data using statistics. They gain an understanding of how p-values are used in scientific writing.
- Students understand the concepts of gene flow and genetic drift.
- Students learn to read scientific papers and write in this format; this helps them understand how science is communicated.
Context for Use
This laboratory activity is used in labs for an introductory college biology course at a small, liberal arts college. The lab allows students to address a legitimate scientific question by collecting local organisms in the field, looking at biochemical differences, analyzing numerical data with statistics, and synthesizing their results within the context of previously published papers. Lab size is limited by equipment; in our labs, 24 students, working in groups of 3, successfully share 4 gel-loading systems. Data collection can be accomplished in a 3 hour lab period, not including time for collecting material in the field.
The technique of cellulose acetate electrophoresis is extremely flexible, and can be used on any local organism. For more information on this technique, see the Association for Biology Laboratory Education Lab: "Measuring Genetic Variability in Natural Populations by Allozyme Electrophoresis" by James M. Bader.
The associated guide for writing lab reports is a general resource which could be useful in many contexts.
Description and Teaching Materials
Flow of the Lab Project:
- Students collect goldenrod galls one week in lab, which takes approximately 45 minutes (including a 15-minute walk each way to the collection site). They read the file Goldenrod Gall Collection (Microsoft Word 21kB Mar15 06) before the lab.
- The students perform cellulose acetate gel electrophoresis the subsequent week in lab, which takes approximately 2-3 hours. Students read the Lab Manual Chapter (Acrobat (PDF) 6.1MB Mar15 06) before the lab.
- As part of the process of learning to read and write scientific papers, students complete a Library Assignment (Microsoft Word 26kB Mar15 06) requiring them to find a scientific paper and do some cursory analysis of its structure. This assignment is discussed in lab the week following the data collection, so students can see how similar the format is across their lab section. A key for this assignment is available on request from the author.
- The file Sample Results (Excel 38kB Mar15 06) contains example data collected during one term.
- The Data Analysis Worksheet (Acrobat (PDF) 92kB Mar15 06) is given to students along with the compiled data from their lab; students use this to calculate a chi-square statistic.
- Students all read the same scientific paper and discuss it during a lab session. These Discussion Questions (Microsoft Word 40kB Mar15 06) are handed out in lab to guide discussion. A key to these questions is available on request from the author.
- Once data are compiled, students write a draft of the Materials and Methods and Results sections of their lab report, which is turned in for a grade (due one week after data collection). After they receive feedback on these sections, students meet individually with an undergraduate teaching assistant to discuss a draft of their Introduction and Discussion sections (usually 1-2 weeks later). They are given time to revise these drafts, and turn in a full lab report (this is due approximately 5 weeks after data collection). Throughout this process, they use the Lab Report Guide (Acrobat (PDF) 348kB Mar15 06) to help them write a lab report in the format of a scientific paper.
Teaching Notes and Tips
We chose to study goldenrod gall fly larvae because the live organisms can be collected in the field in the fall and winter in Minnesota. The technique is extremely flexible and can be used to compare populations of many organisms. Part of the beauty of the technique is the ability to take students into the field for organism collection, do biochemical analysis of the organisms, and answer evolutionary questions about them.
Cellulose acetate electrophoresis is simple, but the equipment and gels are expensive. One source is Helena Laboratories in Beaumont, Texas; they also have an excellent reference book on cellulose acetate electrophoresis.
One challenge is to convince students to make use of the Lab Report Guide as a resource. The Guide's format is designed to be student-friendly, with short summaries of what belongs in each section followed by lengthier FAQ-style information. Students often realize the benefits of using the Lab Report Guide after they receive grades on their drafts of Materials and Methods and Results sections.
References and Resources
- ABLE lab on Allozyme Electrophoresis
- Genetic Variability and Gene Flow in Metepira Ventura (Araneae, Araneidae). Ramirez and Fandino, Journal of Arachnology 24:1-8, 1996.


AR# 53776
Generating Quick Test Cases for Xilinx Integrated PCI Express Block and Serial RapidIO Cores Verilog Simulation
This Answer Record provides techniques for generating quick test cases for Xilinx Integrated PCI Express Block and Serial RapidIO Cores Verilog simulation in a downloadable PDF to enhance its usability. Answer Records are Web-based content that are frequently updated as new information becomes available. Visit this Answer Record to obtain the latest version of the PDF.
This answer record primarily focuses on techniques to create test cases in simulation by forcing certain data patterns on core interfaces. When designing a system with IPs, such as PCI Express and Serial Rapid IO, designers may run into issues where the system halts due to a certain incoming packet or incorrect toggling of signals. To debug such issues in hardware could be difficult and time consuming, as this would need debugging tools such as ChipScope. The best option is to try to reproduce the issue in simulation by writing a specific testbench. The problem with this is you will need to write comprehensive code in the testbench to capture that particular use case scenario. This takes time and designers might not have enough time due to the critical nature of their project.
The pdf document provided with this answer record describes how a designer can drive custom packets on an interface of designs with PCI Express and Serial RapidIO cores with the force command in Verilog. force is a powerful Verilog command which you can use to drive signals at any timestamp of your simulation.
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Date 06/24/2013
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Type General Article
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/code> types don't have move semantics, but they act the same at runtime. The only difference is whether the static checks allow you to use the source location afterwards.

All in all, moves in Rust are more ergonomic and less surprising. Rust's treatment of moves should also perform better, because there's no need to leave the source object in a valid state, and there's no need to call move constructors on individual elements of a collection. (But can we benchmark this?)

There's a bunch of other stuff in this chapter that doesn't apply to Rust. For example, "The interaction among perfect-forwarding constructors and compiler-generated copy and move operations develops even more wrinkles when inheritance enters the picture." This is the kind of sentence that will make me run away screaming. Rust doesn't have any of those features, gets by fine without them, and thus avoids such bizarre interactions.

Chapter 6: Lambda Expressions

C++ allows closures to be copied; Rust doesn't.

In C++ you can specify whether a lambda expression's captures are taken into the closure by reference or by value, either individually or for all captures at once. In Rust this is mostly inferred by how you use the captures: whether they are mutated, and whether they are moved from. However, you can prefix the <a href="_URL_ keyword to force all captures to be taken by value. This is useful when the closure itself will outlive its environment, common when spawning threads for example.

Rust uses this inference for another purpose: determining which Fn* traits a closure will implement. If the lambda body moves out of a capture, it can only implement <a href="_URL_ whose "call" operator takes self by value. If it doesn't move but does mutate captures, it will implement FnOnce and <a href="_URL_ whose "call" takes &mut self. And if it neither moves nor mutates, it will implement all of FnOnce, FnMut, and <a href="_URL_ C++ doesn't have traits (yet) and doesn't distinguish these cases. If your lambda moves from a capture, you can call it again and you'll see whatever "empty" value was left behind by the move constructor.

Rust doesn't support init capture; however, move capture is supported natively. You can do whatever init you like outside the lambda and then move the result in.

Like C++, Rust allows inference of closure parameter types. Unlike C++, an individual closure cannot be generic.

Chapter 7: The Concurrency API

Rust doesn't have futures in the standard library; they're part of <a href="_URL_ external library maintained by a core Rust developer. They're also used for <a href="_URL_ I/O.

In C++, dropping a <a href="_URL_ that is still running terminates the program, which certainly seems un-fun to me. The behavior is justified by the possibility that the thread captures by reference something from its spawning context. If the thread then outlived that context, it would result in undefined behavior. In Rust, this can't happen because <a href="_URL_ has a 'static bound on the type of f. So, when a Rust <a href="_URL_ falls out of scope, the thread is safely detached and continues to run.

The other possibility, in either language, is to join threads on drop, waiting for the thread to finish. However this has surprising performance implications and <a href="_URL_ isn't enough to allow threads to safely borrow from their spawning environment. Such "scoped threads" are provided by <a href="_URL_ in Rust and use a different technique to ensure safety.

C++ and Rust both provide atomic variables. In C++ they support standard operations such as assignment, ++, and atomic reads by conversion to the underlying type. These all use the "sequentially consistent" <a href="_URL_ ordering, which provides the strongest guarantees. Rust is more explicit, using dedicated methods like fetch_add which also specify the <a href="_URL_ ordering. (This kind of API is also available in C++.)

This chapter also talks about the C++ type qualifier <a href="_URL_ even though it has to do with stuff like memory-mapped I/O and not threads. Rust doesn't have volatile types; instead, a volatile read or write is done using an <a href="_URL_ function.

Chapter 8: Tweaks

Rust containers don't have methods like <a href="_URL_ You can however use the experimental <a href="_URL_ feature.

Conclusions

Rust and C++ share many features, allowing a detailed comparison between them. Rust is a much newer design that isn't burdened with 20 years of backwards compatibility. This I think is why Rust's versions of these core features tend to be simpler and easier to reason about. On the other hand, Rust gains some complexity by enforcing strong static guarantees.

There are of course some differences of principle, not just historical quirks. C++ has an object system based on classes and inheritance, even allowing multiple inheritance. There's no equivalent in Rust. Rust also prefers simple and explicit semantics, while C++ allows a huge amount of implicit behavior. You see this for example with implicit copy construction, implicit conversions, ad-hoc function overloading, quasi-transparent references, and the operators on atomic values. There are still some implicit behaviors in Rust, but they're carefully constrained. Personally I prefer Rust's explicit style; I find there are too many cases where C++ doesn't "do what I mean". But other programmers may disagree, and that's fine.

I hope and expect that C++ and Rust will converge on similar feature-sets. C++ is scheduled to get <a href="_URL_ proper module system, <a href="_URL_ "concepts" system similar to traits, and <a href="_URL_ subset with statically-checkable memory safety. Rust will eventually have <a href="_URL_ generics, <a href="_URL_ generics, and more powerful const fn. It's an exciting time for both languages :)
_URL_ (keegan)4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1563623855220143059.post-3353166977116596792Sun, 03 May 2015 21:21:00 +00002015-05-03T14:21:03.650-07:00alloycodeformal-methodsModeling garbage collectors with Alloy: part 1
Formal methods for software verification are usually seen as a high-cost tool that you would only use on the most critical systems, and only after extensive informal verification. The <a href="_URL_ project aims to be something completely different: a lightweight tool you can use at any stage of everyday software development. With just a few lines of code, you can build a simple model to explore design issues and corner cases, even before you've started writing the implementation. You can gradually make the model more detailed as


text:
Beurre manié can be an French cooking term significance "kneaded butter." It's just a thickening agent which uses the exact same ingredients being a Roux, flour and butter, however, the ingredients are not cooked together in the beginning. Instead, Culinary Definition Beurre Manie, equivalent numbers of butter and also flours are rubbed or kneaded collectively to produce a paste.
This glue may be added at the last minute to soups or leftovers to speedily thicken them. Beurre manié can be Utilized as a finishing measure for sauces, imparting a smooth, glistening feel Before support Beurre manié (French "kneaded butter") can be really a soup, consisting of equal sections of soft butter and bread, Culinary Definition Beurre Manie, used to thicken sauces and soups.
By massaging the flour and butter together, the flour particles have been coated in butter. When the beurre manié is whisked to some warm or hot liquid, then the butter melts, releasing the sulfur contaminants without even producing lumps Beurre Maine , Culinary Definition Beurre Manie, is among the very best ways to cut back a sauce or a soup, even period. This fancy-sounding mixture–this indicates kneaded butter in French–is still incredibly simple to create and evenly user-friendly.
Simply rub enough flour into softened butter to make a thick paste; afterward drizzle in small pieces of this post to finish a bowl sauce for, say, shrimp scampi or just a roast turkey, or to enrich a seafood chowder. As the butter melts, it divides and evenly dispersed the sulfur particles, Culinary Definition Beurre Manie, which then swell and thicken the fluid. The result: a lustrous, velvety feel with nary a clump.
As soon as a technique which has been employed by home and professional cooks, unfortunately, this wise kitchen hint will be rarely seen anymore. We assume it's time to revive it. A paste prepared with the same quantities of flour and butter, which can be collectively collectively. It is employed, Culinary Definition Beurre Manie, as a thickener that may be stirred into a popular sauce or soup.
In contrast to a Roux where the butter and bread have been cooked 1st before is including hot liquid to generate a sauce, then beurre manié isn't cooked first and can be added to the sauce or soup at the conclusion of the cooking time as a way to adjust the thickness. Even the beurre manié , Culinary Definition Beurre Manie, is added in little increments into the sauce or soup in order that it may be well incorporated before including longer to achieve the desirable consistency.
Unused beurre manié may be stored in a covered dish or jar for up to a couple of weeks in the refrigerator. Flour can be frequently applied as a thickening agent in cooking, but simply including flour into a soup would create large doughy lumps. The flour wouldn't propagate easily also it would make the dish dizzy. Roux along with beurree mains, Culinary Definition Beurre Manie, are both used to thicken soups without the flour clumping.
Together with the butter coating that the bread you are able to put in it into your soup or sauce without the flour getting thick and clumpy. While the butter melts it spreads the flour evenly since you stir it into your mixture. The French make reference, Culinary Definition Beurre Manie, to the dough produced by mixing wheat and butter "kneaded butter" because that's precisely what it really is.
Since you can see from this how to making your own beurree major may be considered a little slippery but it's also extremely simple. Simply combine equal parts of carrot bread and butter together in a small bowl, and then make use of your hands or a fork to form a smooth paste. Then roll teaspoon-size sums of this paste into balls. (You can also make considerable quantities beurre manie , Culinary Definition Beurre Manie, in a food processor and store the chunks in the freezer, bringing them into room temperature before use.)
Ever wonder just how the French get their soups and toppings to this type of a thick creamy state with a shiny texture? Lots of sections of Christmas dinner might be challenging to reproduce however, the trick to a creamy soup is very easy that a child can do it. It truly is much like your Roux , Culinary Definition Beurre Manie, since it is basic substances are only butter and bread but very key is not cooked.
A Roux may likewise be produced from a combination of oil, butter, and herbaceous plants the "kneaded butter" goes for a much simpler recipe. A slurry is applied for similar functions, and it's something which most house cooks are familiarized with. A slurry is created from the addition of one part cornstarch to a single area water and mixing them together. So, for example, 1 tablespoon of cornstarch is mixed with 1 tbsp of water to earn a white, milky seeming fluid. This Culinary Definition Beurre Manie can be inserted into what you prefer to thicken.
However, it includes no flavor and also the texture, when utilized for sauces or stews it can cause a type of gelatin-like feel which might be off-putting. To make beurre manié, only knead together equal portions softened butter and white flour with the rear of a spoon. Insert this to some fluid sauce, Culinary Definition Beurre Manie, that you simply want to overeat, in the last minute before serving, whisking until smooth and thick.
The longer you put in, the heavier that the sauce will likely undoubtedly be so the optimal/optimal method is always to add a little bit at a time, liquefy, and then wait for a couple of moments for the sauce to thicken, then add more if necessary. Since the flour is not cooked, Culinary Definition Beurre Manie, then make sure that you enable the sauce to boil for a couple moments, since the taste of raw chili will damage the dish.
Do not boil more than 10 minutes, though, as the sauce could burst. A sauce created out of beurre manie isn't quite as stable as a sauce created out of roux. It isn't necessary to cook the sauce longer than that unless you inserted that a large amount of beurre manié all at once. Ordinarily, a couple moments should burst. Beurre manié, Culinary Definition Beurre Manie, on the opposite side, really adds richness and flavor, and doesn't create the feel, although the sauce may be a bit pasty instead.
They are advantageous to thickening pan gravies, fast sauces (known as à la moment sauces), soups, and meat and fish stews. It may likewise be utilized to thicken any liquid which you would like to become a sauce, and which could benefit from the addition of butter. Ostensibly, Culinary Definition Beurre Manie, use it for any kind of sauce that does not ask for a lot of cooking time, such as for instance a sauce produced from the drippings of poultry.


Removing the Blue Lines in Forwarded Emails
Ever try to forward a really funny or thought provoking e-mail, only to have the forward appear horribly mis-formatted due to a bunch of weird, commonly blue, vertical lines streaking down the left side of your e-mail? Well, you can take a small amount of comfort knowing you are definitely not alone. An odd anomaly generated by some e-mail clients/services when a message is forwarded, these colored lines are not only annoying, but typically a pain to get rid of as well. However, there are a few tricks that can speed up your ability to remove these annoyances without resorting to using a third party "e-mail cleaner" program. Here are the top three methods to remove vertical lines in some of the most common e-mail programs and services...
Microsoft Outlook:
Despite possibly having the most options for formatting e-mail of any e-mail program or service available, Outlook has, surprisingly, the simplest method of removing vertical lines from forwarded e-mails:
Step 1. Open the e-mail you wish to forward, select the content directly in front/to the right of your vertical line(s) in the body of the e-mail message, and press Ctrl+C to copy the highlighted contents to your clipboard.
Step 2. Create a new blank e-mail message.
Step 3. Paste (press Ctrl+V) your copied e-mail into the new e-mail message. Your e-mail message will be pasted into the new message window sans most, if not all, vertical lines.
Step 3-1. If any vertical lines remain, simply copy any text and images with said vertical lines still attached, and paste the copied content into the same e-mail just above the content you just copied.
Step 3-2. Repeat Step 3-1 until all vertical lines are gone.
Step 4. Delete any duplicate or unnecessary text/images beneath your newly cleaned content, and send your e-mail.
Quick, simple, and easy!
Windows Live Mail
For those needing to remove vertical lines in the latest evolution of Outlook Express, Windows Live Mail offers a push button solution to removing these email annoyances:
Step 1. Select your e-mail and press the forward button to open it in the standard "Send E-mail" editor.
Step 2. Place your cursor directly in front of (to the right of) the vertical line you wish to remove.
Step 3. At the top of your e-mail editor, select the Message tab if it is not already selected. Various message formatting options will appear.
Step 4. Find and click the Clear formatting button just next to the font size and style fields.
Step 5. Voila! The vertical line will instantly disappear. Repeat Step 4. as needed to remove any additional vertical lines.
Step 6. Once all vertical lines have been cleared, you will likely be left with a bit of margin space to the right of your e-mail content. To remove this, simply select the message content you wish to forward, copy it (Ctrl+C), and paste it (Ctrl+V) at the beginning of your message. Delete the old content beneath your freshly formatted message, and hit Send.
And that's it!
~J. Conboy


OptimMethod
OptimMethod
OptimMethod is used to update model gradient parameters.We have defined SGD method, Adagrad method, etc. Details about those optim methods, you can refer to Optim-Methods. Now, method construct parameters(e.g."learningRate") and internal training parameters(e.g."epoch") store in optim method instead of state(since version 0.2.0). Here is mainly to describe how to use those methods when training.
Set method
scala
optimizer.setOptimMethod(method : OptimMethod[T])
python
optimizer = Optimizer(
 model,
 training_rdd,
 criterion,
 optim_method,
 end_trigger,
 batch_size)
in python, you can set optim method when creating an optimizer.
Sometimes, people want to apply different optimization algorithms for the submodules of the neural network model. BigDL provide a method to set optimMethod for submoduels by submodules' name.
scala
val optimMethods = Map("wide" -> new Ftrl[Float](), "deep" -> new Adagrad[Float]())
optimizer.setOptimMethods(optimMethods)
python
optimMethods = {"wide": Ftrl(), "deep": Adagrad()}
optimizer.setOptimMethods(optimMethods)
Save method
method.save(path: String, overWrite: Boolean = false)
T: path to save method
overWrite: whether to overwrite or not
When training, you can use optimizer.setCheckPoint(for scala) or optimizer.set_checkpoint(for python) to save methods at regular intervals.
Load method
scala
val method = OptimMethod.load(path : String)
path: file of optim method path
python
optimizer = OptimMethod.load(path, bigdl_type="float")
bigdl_type: type of optim method, default is "float"
Scala example
Here is an example to train LeNet5 model with a loading method.
val trainingRDD = ...
val valRDD = ...
val batchSize = 12
val methodPath = ...
// Load optim method
val method = OptimMethod.load(methodPath)
// Create an optimizer
val optimizer = Optimizer(
 model = LeNet5(classNum = 10),
 sampleRDD = trainingRDD,
 criterion = ClassNLLCriterion(),
 batchSize = batchSize
).setValidation(Trigger.everyEpoch, valRDD, Array(new Top1Accuracy), batchSize)
 .setEndWhen(Trigger.maxEpoch(15))
optimizer.setOptimMethod(method) // set optim method
optimizer.setCheckpoint(param.checkpoint.get, checkpointTrigger) // set checkpoint to save model and optim method
val trainedModel = optimizer.optimize()
Python example
Here is an example to train LeNet5 model with SGD method.
train_data = ...
test_data = ...
batch_size = 12
optimizer = Optimizer(
 model=lenet_model,
 training_rdd=train_data,
 criterion=ClassNLLCriterion(),
 optim_method=SGD(learningrate=0.01, learningrate_decay=0.0002), # set optim method
 end_trigger=MaxEpoch(15),
 batch_size=batch_size)
optimizer.set_validation(
 batch_size=32,
 val_rdd=test_data,
 trigger=EveryEpoch(),
 val_method=[Top1Accuracy()]
)
optimizer.set_checkpoint(EveryEpoch(), checkpointPath) # set checkpoint to save model and optim method
trained_model = optimizer.optimize()


text:
Question: If the work required to stretch a spring 1 ft beyond its natural length is 9 ft-lb, how much work W is needed to stretch it 10 in. beyond its natural length?
So my teacher today gave us some physics equations and said to do this homework. Im a little stuck on this, usually they give us the force required to stretch a spring, not the work. Here is what i tried:
Then I did F=KX (hooke's law) to solve for the k constant of the spring
9 = K * 1 ft
K = 9
So I now know that F = 9X (equation for force of a spring when you know the k constant of that spring)
And then i said the:
INTEGRAL of: 9x from 0-10/12 = Total work needed to stretch the spring 10inches.
I get 7.25, but this answer is wrong.


text:
Master of Science
Epidemiology and Biostatistics
Dr. Moira Stewart
The experience of fatigue has been a common problem among community populations for decades. The symptom of fatigue is also a frequent health complaint in primary care practices. Fatigue patients have been shown to be significantly high users of health care resources, particularly when compared to non-fatigued patient populations. To date, an understanding of the presence and the impact of the symptom of fatigue within the context of the Canadian health care system has been understudied.
The objective of this research was to determine the number of patients who were suffering from the symptom of fatigue within a primary care setting and to explore the determinants of their health care utilization patterns. Furthermore, these patterns of health care use were compared to a non-fatigue symptom patient population, who were also from a primary care setting. The data were extracted from a longitudinal electronic medical record database, which captures details of primary care encounters throughout Southwestern Ontario.
The fatigue symptom patients were found to experience a large complex of co-occurring morbidity and a markedly high level of referral following their visit with the symptom of fatigue. As well, the fatigue symptom patients were found to have an increased number of subsequent visits to their primary care provider and an increased number of investigations during a one year follow-up period, when compared to the non-fatigue symptom group.
These findings begin to create an understanding of fatigue symptom patients, their complex of morbidity, and their subsequent health care use patterns. This information will help to improve the management of fatigue symptom patients in Canadian primary care practices and in the Canadian health care system more broadly.
Nicholson, Kathryn A., "The Symptom of Fatigue in Primary Care: A Comparative Study of Health Care Utilization Patterns Using Electronic Medical Records" (2012). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 627.


text:
Surface Treatments on Pottery
Many ancient peoples used burnishing to make their pottery harder and more waterproof before they discovered the use of glazes. Contemporary potters can also use burnishing to great effect.
There is one very important point to keep in mind: burnished pottery should not be used for food or drink, with few exceptions.
Burnishing Pottery Tips
Tips from readers on burnishing pottery.
How to Cut Clay for Surface Decoration
Surface decorations in clay pieces include incising, carving, fluting, and faceting.
Impress Your Clay
Many objects can be used to make impressions in clay, not just tools specifically made for making impressions.


text:
Now I don't have to delete all those important ^#$#*&# PMs... yet...
Thank you Magister!!!
Helium II is a superfluid, a quantum mechanical state of matter with strange properties.
The thermal conductivity of helium II is greater than that of any other known substance, a million times that of helium I and hundred of times that of copper. This is because heat conduction occurs via a quantum mechanism.
Second sound is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which heat transfer occurs by wave-like motion, rather than by the usual mechanism of diffusion. Heat takes the place of pressure in normal sound waves. This leads to very high thermal conductivity. It's known as "second sound" because the wave motion of heat is similar to the propagation of sound in air.
Sound waves are fluctuations in the density of molecules in a substance; second sound waves are fluctuations in the density of phonons. Second sound can be observed in any system in which most phonon-phonon collisions conserve momentum. This occurs in superfluids and in dielectric crystals when Umklapp scattering is small.