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Security Fundamentals
This section describes the following concepts behind WebLogic Server security:
Resources are entities that are accessible from WebLogic Server, such as events, servlets, JDBC connection pools, JMS destinations, JNDI contexts, connections, sockets, files, and enterprise applications and resources, such as databases.
For each resource you want to protect in WebLogic Server, you must specify the following:
For more information, see Managing Security.
Security Realms
A security realm is a logical grouping of Users, Groups, and ACLs. A WebLogic Server resource is protected under only one security realm and by a single ACL in that security realm. A User must be defined in a security realm in order to access any resources belonging to that realm. When a User attempts to access a particular WebLogic Server resource, WebLogic Server tries to authenticate and authorize the User by checking the ACL and permissions assigned the User in the relevant realm. Figure 2-1 illustrates how realms work in WebLogic Server.
Figure 2-1 Users, Groups, and ACLs in a WebLogic Server Realm
The default security realm in WebLogic Server is the File realm. When WebLogic Server is started, the File realm creates User, Group, and ACL objects from properties defined through the Administration Console in WebLogic Server and stored in the file.
Note: The File realm is designed for use with 10,000 or fewer users. If you have more that 10,000 users, we recommend using an alternate security realm.
WebLogic Server also provides support for developers who want or must accommodate special security situations. WebLogic Server allows you to use a security realm other than the File realm by installing an alternate security realm or by writing your own customized security realm. Alternate security realms can support some or all of the authentication and authorization operations WebLogic Server requires of a realm.
There are two possible realm configurations:
Note: If you choose to use an alternate security realm or a custom security realm, you must configure the Caching realm.
In the default scenario, a client request arrives at the WebLogic Server through the Caching realm. The Caching realm forwards the request to the File realm for authorization and authentication. When it receives the results of the realm lookups (whether successful or unsuccessful), the Caching realm stores these results. It maintains separate caches for User, Group, permission, ACL, and authentication look ups. You can selectively enable each type of cache, set the number of objects cached, and specify the number of seconds a cached object is valid. Effectively, the Caching realm makes the authentication and authorization process faster and more efficient.
If you use an alternate security realm or a custom security realm, the Caching realm evaluates the client request, delegates it to the appropriate security realm, and caches the results to make the next lookup faster. For example, you may be using an alternate security realm that supports only authentication operations. When a client request is received by WebLogic Server, the Caching realm contacts the alternate security realm for authentication, and then the File realm for authorization.
Figure 2-2 illustrates how alternate security realms, the Caching realm, and the File realm work together to authenticate and authorize users in a WebLogic Server environment.
Figure 2-2 Alternate Security Realms, the Caching Realm, and the File Realm in WebLogic Server
WebLogic Server provides the following alternate security realms:
For more information, see the following sections in Managing Security:
Users are entities that use WebLogic Server, such as application end users, client applications, and even other WebLogic Servers.
When a user wants to access WebLogic Server, it presents a username and a credential (either a password or a digital certificate) through programmatic means to WebLogic Server. If WebLogic Server can prove the identity of the User based on that username and credential, WebLogic Server associates the User with a thread that executes code on behalf of the User. Before the thread begins executing code, however, WebLogic Server checks pertinent ACLs to make sure the User has the required permissions to continue.
When defining a User in a WebLogic Server realm, you also define a password for that User. In the past, usernames and passwords were stored in clear text in a WebLogic Server security realm. Now WebLogic Server hashes all passwords. When WebLogic Server receives a client request, the password presented by the client is hashed and WebLogic Server compares it to the already hashed password for matching.
For more information, see the following sections in Managing Security:
Groups are logically ordered sets of Users. Managing Groups is more efficient than managing large numbers of Users individually. For example, an administrator may specify permissions for 50 users at one time by specifying a Group. Usually, Group members have something in common. For example, a company may separate their sales staff into two Groups, Sales Representatives and Sales Managers, because staff members have different levels of access to WebLogic Server resources depending on their job descriptions.
WebLogic Server can be configured to assign Users to Groups. Each Group shares a common set of permissions that govern its member users' access to resources. You can mix Group names and User names whenever a list of Users is permitted.
A person can be defined as both an individual User and a Group member. Individual access permissions override any Group member access permissions. WebLogic Server evaluates each user by first looking for a Group, and testing whether the user is a member of the Group, and then looking for the User in the list of defined Users.
For more information, see the "Defining Groups" topic in Managing Security.
ACLs and Permissions
Permissions represent privileges required to access resources. A system administrator protects resources by creating lists of Users and Groups that have the permissions required to access those resources. Such lists are called access control lists (ACLs). ACLs and the functions for which they grant permission are resource-specific. For example, Users with the proper permissions may read, write, send, and/or receive files, load servlets, and link to libraries.
An ACL file is composed of AclEntries, each of which contains a set of permissions for a particular User or Group.
WebLogic Server uses the JavaSoft ACL standard, distributed with the Java Development Kit (JDK) 1.1, to extend the security framework of Java and make it practical for use at the enterprise level. The WebLogic Server implementation of ACLs is based on the package. Because ACLs in WebLogic Server are based on an open-standard, you are not tied to a proprietary solution.
You can set permissions on the following WebLogic Server resources:
Note: Access to EJBs and Web applications is not controlled through ACLs. Rather, security elements in deployment descriptors are used to define access to a particular EJB or Web application.
For more information, see the "Defining ACLs" section in Managing Security.
For information about EJB security, see Programming WebLogic Enterprise JavaBeans.
For more information about Web application security, see Assembling and Configuring Web Applications.
SSL Protocol
The SSL protocol offers security to applications connected through a network. Specifically, the SSL protocol provides the following:
When the SSL protocol is used, the target always authenticates itself to the initiator. Optionally, if the target requests it, the initiator can authenticate itself to the target. Encryption makes data transmitted over the network intelligible only to the intended recipient. An SSL connection begins with a handshake during which the applications exchange digital certificates, agree on the encryption algorithms to be used, and generate the encryption keys to be used for the remainder of the session.
The SSL protocol provides the following security features:
If you are using a Web browser to communicate with WebLogic Server, you can use the Hypertext Transfer Protocol with SSL (HTTPS) to secure network communications.
The SSL protocol is tunneled over an IP-based protocol. Tunneling means that each SSL record is encapsulated and packaged with the headers needed to send the record over another protocol. The use of SSL is signified in the protocol scheme of the URL used to specify the location of WebLogic Server.
WebLogic Server is available with exportableor domestic-strength SSL.
The standard WebLogic Server distribution supports exportable-strength SSL only. The domestic version is available, by request only from your BEA sales representative. Since the United States Government relaxed restrictions on exporting encryption software in early 2000, the domestic version of WebLogic Server can be used in most countries.
During installation, you are prompted to choose which strength of the SSL protocol you want to use.We recommend the domestic WebLogic Server distribution because it allows stronger encryption. If you generate a Certificate Signature Request (CSR) using the exportable WebLogic Server distribution, you cannot support high-strength connections and you cannot authenticate clients that present domestic-strength certificates.
The implementation of the SSL protocol provided by WebLogic Server is a pure-Java implementation. A native library provides faster performance for some SSL operations on the Solaris, Windows NT, and IBM AIX platforms. You can request the use of these native Java libraries for the SSL protocol through the Administration Console.
For more information, see the "Configuring the SSL Protocol" section in Managing Security.
Authentication Mechanisms
WebLogic Server users must be authenticated whenever they request access to a protected WebLogic Server resource. For this reason, each user is required to provide a credential (a username


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Intelligent Schema Integrator (ISI): A tool to solve the problem of naming conflict for schema integration
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3 Author(s)
Ahmad, K. ; Fac. of Inf. Sci. & Technol., Univ. Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia ; Hea Khim Chiew ; Samad, R.
The data stored in the data warehouse are mostly coming from different sources. It may be developed using different model or structure for the schema. In order to improve the usability of these data, the process of combining or integrating is needed so that it can provide users with a unified view or a global view of these data. The most important issue in data integration is the schema integration: that is to solve the problem of "how can equivalent real-world entities from multiple data sources be matched up?" This is referred to as entity identification process. Terms may be given a different interpretation at different sources by different people. For example, how can data analyst be sure that customer_id in one database and cust_number in another refer to the same entity? In this paper, a tool which is called an Intelligent Schema Integrator (ISI) is built to increase the uses of data from the data warehouse and to make the process more simple, systematic and impressive. ISI is an intelligent tool which can be used to integrate two different schemas from different sources into a unified schema (global schema). ISI is developed to solve the problems of naming conflict which are homonym conflict and synonym conflict. Homonym conflict means the same element name is used to represent different concept. Synonym conflict means different element name is used to represent the same concept. Thesaurus is used to get the meaning of each element concept and compares it with the other concept. An interface is built to allow the user to choose which elements are going to be renamed or removed, if there are occurrences of homonym and synonym conflicts in the schemas. These are the intelligence features built for ISI. The methodology used in this study consists of 4 phases: Design the Input and Output, Extraction, Comparison, and Integration. The development of this tool is an important direction for more efficient and effective implementation of data integrati- - on in data warehousing.
Published in:
Electrical Engineering and Informatics (ICEEI), 2011 International Conference on
Date of Conference:
17-19 July 2011


text:
"paan" chewer in the streets of Guwahati, Assam, India
From the experience of traveling in the Northeast states of India, there was one thing that caused a strong impression in the memory of the sensations: the paan… the smell, the color, the gestures, the sound of spit and red trace left on the ground.
But what is the paan!?! Basically, paan is areca nut, whose appearance resembles a nutmeg, cut into small pieces and wrapped in betel leaf, a green vine leaf that has stimulant effects. To this mixture, is often added tobacco (chewing tobacco) and lime (calcium hydroxide … yes, the same as the lime which is used to cover walls.
The areca nut, resembles much the nutmeg, both in size and in the appearance of the fruit, but rather born of a tree is the fruit of a palm tree, whose nuts grow in clusters at the top of a thin, high trunk.
The betel leaf is carefully folded in the form of a small rectangle or triangle shape, keeping the areca nut mix inside, and placed in the mouth between the cheek and the teeth. This "pack" is slightly chewed so slowly release the juice that gives gradually a reddish color to the saliva, which extends to the corners of the mouth and lips. After a few years of use, it results, in the decayed teeth and stained red, as well as a certain addition, due to the stimulation property of betel leaf. Mixed with tobacco, it increases the carcinogenic effects of the areca nut.
The paan produces a strong salivation, which makes their consumers have frequent need to spit, which is often made in a showy way, a jet of red saliva, which leaves a trail through the streets, sidewalks and even on the walls!
Being very popular in India, the habit of consuming paan lies spread by all Asian countries, being more evident in India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Burma, with this last country being the place where the presence of paan is a constant being also chewed by women and the children.
But weeks spent through some of the northeastern states of India, like Assam, Nagaland and Meghalaya, left a stronger mark of this phenomenon. Here, perhaps more than in any other regions of India, areca nut "rules", being even chewed without betel leaf or any other mixture.
Being predominantly a male habit, common among the poorest, it is a mark image among bus and tuk-tuks drivers; but in Northeast India the paan is also quite popular among women, and its cross-consumption to the various social classes, not being surprising to find a shepherd in Majuli Island spiting paan or the receptionist of a hotel in Mokokchung with corners of the mouth marked in red by the areca nut.
The chewing tobacco consumption is also very popular, being mixed with lime in order to moist the tobacco dry leaves, forming a paste which is placed near the gums. The tobacco preparation, rubbing the mixture in the hand palm with the index finger, being in the end slightly beaten to become flat and compact, are one of the most preset gestures… in the cities or in the villages, on the streets or in shops, on buses and trains… everywhere!!!
Despite the chew of tobacco be unpleasant, as it produces the frequent need of spit, the paan with its sweetish smell created, after three weeks of traveling through northeastern India, a certain distaste and aversion, for the combination of the spitting sound with the jet red saliva discharged, which doesn't strive to be discreet or delicate, making the act of spitting an art, where the trajectory and distance of the red track left on the ground, is a matter of pride.
And a little everywhere, always come up white marks left by lime stuck to the fingers, that is rubbed on doorposts of the paan shops, or on the seats of a bus or a train…
And the smell also left a strong mark on my memory, with hotel rooms with paan presence, and long trips made by bus or the sumo, in the company of enthusiastic paan chewers, whose sweet smell pervades the space, and my field of vision regularly crossed by someone that need to spit out by the window.
A negative but strong memory that created in me a disgust of the paan, which my senses can not remain indifferent.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Abu Dhabi Public Recreational Areas get Revamped
The Abu Dhabi City Municipality said it has completed four recreation projects in the city's residential neighbourhoods, including parks, playgrounds, irrigation networks, pumping stations and reservoirs to upgrade the capital's infrastructure.
The projects are divided into four contracts, the first being the parks and infrastructure rehabilitation project in the Mainland as part of phase VI, where water leakage detectors, irrigation water efficiency measuring instruments, and main network pressure meters were installed. This project also aimed at lowering the groundwater level in Al Shamkha, Sector 26, rehabilitating fountains, replacing tiles, floor and lighting.
The second project included constructing various multi-use parks in residential neighbourhoods in Abu Dhabi and building additional playgrounds in Shakhboot city, Al Asema Park, and Hamad Special Needs Center, in addition to landscaping works in other areas in Abu Dhabi.
The third completed project was the parks and infrastructure rehabilitation project on Abu Dhabi Island, which included rehabilitation of infrastructure, installation of irrigation water flow meters, reservoirs, pumping stations, and irrigation networks. It also included fencing and landscaping a national institution, planting two hedge barriers along Street 29 in Al Muroor area and Sheikh Zayed Road in Abu Dhabi.
The fourth completed project was the rehabilitation of parks and infrastructure in Abu Dhabi Island, which included maintenance and rehabilitation of the sewage plant in the Abu Dhabi Corniche. It also includes the installation of irrigation network control, efficiency and pressure meters, and the rehabilitation of IP63 irrigation water station, besides supplying some areas in Abu Dhabi with irrigation water.


text:
Why Do Humans Dance?
Monday night's premiere of "Dancing with the Stars" has celebrities – among them Pamela Anderson, Buzz Aldrin and Kate Gosselin – showcasing their dance moves for the world and driving a point home for those sitting at home: For some people, dancing is a natural form of expression. For others with two left feet, dancing can be more of a spectacle.
The answer to why we dance – and even why some people are better dancers than others – can be found in evolution. A study published in the Public Library of Science's genetics journal in 2006 suggested that long ago the ability to dance was actually connected to the ability to survive.
According to the study, dancing was a way for our prehistoric ancestors to bond and communicate, particularly during tough times. As a result, scientists believe that early humans who were coordinated and rhythmic could have had an evolutionary advantage.
The researchers examined the DNA of a group of dancers and non-dancers and found that the dancers shared two genes associated with a predisposition for being good social communicators. In addition, the dancers were found to have higher levels of serotonin, known to boost moods in humans and mice.
Early humans might have danced to attract a mate, as far back as 1.5 million years ago, according to Steven J. Mithen, an archaeologist at the University of Reading in the United Kingdom.
A more recent study suggests babies are born to dance, with the ability to bop to the beat as young as 5 months old. The scientists aren't sure why humans might have this innate ability. Of course, not everyone is born with as much ability as the best dancers. One difference: body symmetry. Dancers are more symmetrical, research has shown.
So, while dancing is no longer a factor in our everyday survival, this season's contestants on "Dancing with the Stars" will be dancing for their survival on the show. And which of the celebrities will earn bragging rights and the coveted disco ball trophy? Only time (and fan votes) will tell.
- Top 10 Things That Make Humans Special
- Why Beautiful Women Marry Less Attractive Men
- 5 Myths About the Male Body
MORE FROM LiveScience.com

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Synchronization and concurrency
Deadlock (and avoiding it)
Java 5: ConcurrentHashMap
Java copy-on-write collections
Along with ConcurrentHashMap, Java 5 introduces a copy-on-write implementation of a list: CopyOnWriteArrayList. It also introduces CopyOnWriteArraySet, essentially a convenience wrapper around the list.
An instance of CopyOnWriteArrayList behaves as a List implementation that allows multiple concurrent reads, and for reads to occur concurrently with a write. The way it does this is to make a brand new copy of the list every time it is altered.
During a write operation, the array must be locked completely against other writes. (The standard implementation uses a ReentrantLock.) However, this does mean that as mentioned, operations affecting multiple locations can be atomic. That is, if one thread adds several items to the list with addAll() while another thread calls size(), the thread reading the size will get a value that either reflects or not the number of elements added in addAll(): there'll be no possibility of an intermediate value returned (provided of course that these are the only two threads accessing the list!).
CopyOnWriteArrayList is designed for cases where:
The first two are fairly obvious: if too great, then either the size of the array or the frequency of writes can outweigh the benefit of not synchrozing.
The last point is possibly more subtle, but what it boils down to is this: if you only need the functionality of an array (that is, you don't need the list to grow arbitrarily, you don't need inserts etc), then the atomic array classes generally give better throughput. To illustrate this, the following graph shows overall throughput as we increase the number of reader threads concurrently reading from random positions in a shared 20-element array of integers. (There is always one writer thread, which continually writes to random positions.) Each coloured line represents the test run on an array synchronized in a different way. The "AtomicTest" array was an AtomicIntegerArray. The graph shows that throughput is generally a little better with the atomic array (after all, it is being used for what it was designed for).
On the other hand, what this graph also shows is that CopyOnWriteArrayList still gives pretty good read throughput, and beats hands down any other method that locks the array on every read.
Another class, CopyOnWriteArraySet is build on top of CopyOnWriteArrayList. Like its list counterpart, it is designed for cases where the set contains only a few elements and where reads greatly outnumber writes. Note that the performance characteristics differ from HashSet in a couple of ways:
The second point comes from the fact that CopyOnWriteArraySet relies on the putIfAbsent() method provided by CopyOnWriteArrayList. This, as an atomic operation, checks whether an equal element is already in the list and adds it only if it is not. This method, and thus the set implementation, has the subtle characteristic that a copy of the array is made (and then thrown away) even if the item isn't added. Of course, that doesn't make the already-present case any more expensive than the not-present case, but it means that the already-present case isn't generally much cheaper either. (Both cases also perform similarly with HashSet, but with the latter class, both are generally much less expensive since only a tiny subset of the set is scanned when inserting or retrieving.)
Copyright © Neil Coffey 2015. All rights reserved.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


The Jacob's Ladder is an electrical device named after a biblical "ladder to Heaven", consisting of a pair of vertically oriented conductors that spread apart vertically. These conductors are charged with high voltage, which creates the repeatedly climbing arc we've all come to know and love from science fiction movies of yesteryear.
[LOOK MUM NO COMPUTER] was on a scavenger hunt for electronic junk, and came across a microwave in a skip that was begging to be hacked. After kicking around a few ideas, it was decided that the microwave would donate its high voltage transformer to create a Jacob's ladder. The transformer is first bolted down to a piece of wood, and creates some sparks on the bench when shorted. The output is then wired to a pair of copper pipes to create the classic effect.
Unfortunately, the device isn't self starting, requiring the electrodes to be temporarily short circuited to generate the initial arc. We suspect that increasing the voltage may help things somewhat, either with another transformer in series or with a voltage multiplier.
It goes without saying that high voltage projects do bring certain risks to life and limb that should not be overlooked. If you've still got a thirst for danger, check out this home built X-ray machine. Video after the break.
…read more
Source:: Hackaday


text:
Our "visual Turing test" paper was accepted for publication in IEEE ISBI 2018.
We generated realistic lung nodules from CT images for lung cancer screening experiments. We have conducted two experiments in fact: 1) fake/real nodule differentiation by radiologists, 2) malignant/benign separation tests. Specifically, we present Visual Turing tests to two radiologists in order to evaluate the quality of the generated (fake) nodules. Extensive comparisons are performed in discerning real, generated, benign, and malignant nodules. This experimental set up allows us to validate the overall quality of the generated nodules, which can then be used to (1) improve diagnostic decisions through highly discriminative imaging features, (2) train radiologists for educational purposes, and (3) generate realistic samples to train deep networks with big data.


text: The Guzheng（zither）is also known as Han Zheng, Qin Zheng, Yao Zheng and Luan Zheng, being the Zheng musical instrument of traditional Chinese Han musical instruments, and belonging to plucking musical instruments. As early as the 5th century BC to the 3rd century BC, or China's Warring States Period, The Guzheng（zither）had prevailed in the Qin area. Therefore, it is also known as Qin Zheng, and it has more than 2500 years of history. The guzheng inspired other Asian zithers, such as the Japanese koto, the Korean gayageum and the Vietnamese đàn tranh.Being one of China's unique and important national musical instruments. The modern guzheng usually has 21 strings, and is 64 inches (1,600 mm) long，it (Guzheng) has sweet timbre, wide range, rich playing skills and strong expressive force, and is thus deeply loved by great majority of the people.


text:
Types of DUI Offenses in Utah
DUI offenses can be charged different in the State of Utah depending on the number of prior convictions the person has on their record, when the prior convictions occurred, and whether an aggravating factor is present. Listed below is a summary of the different types of DUI offenses in the State of Utah.
If you were arrested for DUI in Salt Lake City or one of the surrounding areas, then contact criminal defense attorney, Darren Levitt, to schedule a free, confidential consultation to discuss the fact of your DUI case.
Different Types of DUI Offenses in the State of Utah
Class "B" Misdemeanor DUI
- a first (1st) or second (2nd) DUI offense is charged as a Class B misdemeanor unless an aggravating factor elevates a first (1st) or second (2nd) DUI offense to a Class A Misdemeanor.
Class "A" Misdemeanor DUI
- a first (1st) or second (2nd) DUI offense can be charged as a Class A misdemeanor if one of the following aggravating factors are present including:
- the driver caused bodily injury to another person; or
- the driver had a passenger in the vehicle who was under 16 years of age in the vehicle at the time of the offense; or
- the driver was 21 years of age or older and had a passenger under 18 years of age in the vehicle at the time of the offense.
Third Degree Felony DUI
- Aggravating factors that elevate a first (1st) or second (2nd) DUI offense to a third degree felony can include:
- the driver caused serious bodily injury to another person ; or
- the driver was previously convicted of automobile homicide under Utah Code Ann. § 76-5-207 and the automobile homicide was committed after July 1, 2001; or
- the driver was previously convicted of any felony DUI offense.
Third Degree Felony as a Third within 10 Years of a Prior
- A first (1st) or second (2nd) DUI offense will be charged as a third degree felony under the following circumstances:
- the driver has two or more prior convictions within the last ten (10) years. For purposes of this enhancement, "conviction" includes a conviction of any of the following crimes:
- alcohol-related reckless driving;
- driving with any measurable controlled substance that is taken illegally; or
- automobile homicide.


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Overview: This protocol was written to guide prediction of migratory bird fallout conditions on the Mississippi Gulf Coast during spring migration. During that time, many migratory songbirds launch from the Yucatan peninsula in the evening, fly north overnight, and reach the Gulf Coast sometime the next day, often mid- to late-morning. Our original goal in creating this protocol was to aid in running a Big Day attempt on the day after a fallout, so we wanted to predict decent fallout conditions on a particular day, and then we wanted decent weather for birding the next day. If that is our goal, after a fallout we want overnight north winds & light rain to keep migrants grounded near the coast, followed by a day of good weather for birding, with some sun to get raptors up. For Big Day planning, the minimum goal should be avoiding really terrible conditions (e.g., running a Big Day after one or more sustained days of sun and south winds during which most of the migrants have departed), even if we don't achieve perfect conditions, and targeting a time window in approximately the last two weeks of April, for maximum diversity. However, if you're not trying to run a Big Day, then you can optionally try to bird on a fallout day itself, and you might have a broader time window (earlier in April, and into early May).
Here are some basic steps to follow:
First check other people's migration forecasts:
- Read any recent posts by Bob Duncan predicting birding conditions for northwest Florida and coastal Alabama on ALBIRDS: _URL_
- Check the latest on BirdCast: _URL_
Second, check various long-term forecasts, to identify potentially good conditions in the future—look for low pressure systems and rain/storms heading for the Gulf Coast.
For example, check the 10-day forecasts for Gulfport, MS on weather.com, National Weather Service, and Weather Underground. Note that all 3 do not always agree, and Weather Underground may be more accurate, due to the use of more weather stations.
Third, when you see a promising weather front on the horizon, start making your own checks for the specific desired conditions:
Check current and predicted launch conditions in the Yucatan, in early evening. If conditions are good (southerly winds, clear skies), birds will be launching. They may also launch against light north winds at ground level, especially during the late migration period (late April / early May). Bad conditions for launch would be cloudy and rainy and/or strong north winds, over the Yucatan.
Check Merida (Yucatan capital city) weather forecast: _URL_
Check marine forecast for the Southern Gulf: _URL_ (or go here and click on part of the map: _URL_
Check prediction for overnight winds over the mid-Gulf (at ~2500 feet elevation). We desire West or Southwest winds ideally, vectoring birds to the east, away from Texas and towards Mississippi. **This may occasionally cause good passerine birding on the MS coast, even without rain. South or Southeast winds OK too.
Check 12-hour forecast for winds at about 2500 feet elevation: _URL_ (or go here: _URL_ and click on "925 mb winds" for 2500-foot elevation plot, or click "300 mb winds" for winds at 30,000 feet elevation, which gives a good overview)
Check predicted surface winds over the Gulf: _URL_ (scroll down to Step 5, and select a forecast time, e.g. +9 or +12 hours to predict nighttime winds if you are checking at 5pm)
Check marine forecast for the Central Gulf: _URL_
Check prediction for a low pressure system bringing a rainy front and (ideally) north (or west) winds out over the gulf, offshore (but not all the way into the central/southern Gulf), in the mid- to late-morning as the migrants who launched the previous evening are getting close to the coast. Rain will usually cause some migrants to fall out, even without north winds, but they won't stick around long without north winds. A dry front will only drop birds if its eastern boundary is right over the MS coast. A front moving out over the Gulf during the night is OK too, stalling in the north Gulf through mid-morning (as long as it isn't too far south early in the night, causing migrants to turn back). If birds have lacked a tailwind overnight, and do not have a tailwind as they approach the coast, a small fallout may occur even without rain.
Check national weather maps: _URL_ (**scroll down and click on forecasts from 12 hours to 6 days)
Use this tool to look at precip probability forecasts: _URL_
Check offshore marine forecast for MS/LA coast: _URL_ (or go here and click on the desired zone: _URL_
Check marine forecast for the North Central Gulf: _URL_
Check forecast for north winds, cloud cover, and/or light rain persisting after the front, and continuing the next day, to discourage migrants from taking off overnight or moving inland, so that we can find them on the day after the fallout. But watch wind forecasts because really strong winds and heavy rain the next day could make migrant detection difficult.
Check local forecast for Gulf Coast, e.g., Gulfport again:
This protocol was compiled by Jason Hoeksema, using advice from a variety of sources, especially Bob Duncan (both from his ALBIRDS posts and his now-out-of-print booklet on weather birding) and Derek Lovitch's 2012 book called How to be a better birder. For an overview or review of interpreting online resources to predict bird migration, see this website: _URL_
Also useful is the "Badbirdz Reloaded" website, which (when it was active) predicted bird migration for Florida (_URL_ but is still a good website on which to read old posts and learn from them.


a dense gas is demonstrated.
 16. Specular, diffuse, and polarized light scattered by two wheat canopies
 NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
 Vanderbilt, V. C.; Grant, L.; Biehl, L. L.; Robinson, B. F.
 1985-01-01
 Using polarization measurements, the reflectance factor of two wheat canopies is divided into components due to specularly and diffusely reflected light. The data show that two key angles may be predicted, the angle of the polarizer for minimum flux and the angle of incidence of sunlight specularly reflected by a leaf to a sensor. The results show that specular reflection is a key aspect to radiation transfer by two canopies. Results suggest that the advent of heading in wheat may be remotely sensed from polarization measurements of the canopy reflectance.
 17. Scattered-Light Echoes from the Historical Galactic Supernovae Cassiopeia A and Tycho (SN 1572)
 SciTech Connect
 Rest, A; Welch, D L; Suntzeff, N B; Oaster, L; Lanning, H; Olsen, K; Smith, R C; Becker, A C; Bergmann, M; Challis, P; Clocchiatti, A; Cook, K H; Damke, G; Garg, A; Huber, M E; Matheson, T; Minniti, D; Prieto, J L; Wood-Vasey, W M
 2008-05-06
 We report the discovery of an extensive system of scattered light echo arclets associated with the recent supernovae in the local neighborhood of the Milky Way: Tycho (SN 1572) and Cassiopeia A. Existing work suggests that the Tycho SN was a thermonuclear explosion while the Cas A supernova was a core collapse explosion. Precise classifications according to modern nomenclature require spectra of the outburst light. In the case of ancient SNe, this can only be done with spectroscopy of their light echo, where the discovery of the light echoes from the outburst light is the first step. Adjacent light echo positions suggest that Cas A and Tycho may share common scattering dust structures. If so, it is possible to measure precise distances between historical Galactic supernovae. On-going surveys that alert on the development of bright scattered-light echo features have the potential to reveal detailed spectroscopic information for many recent Galactic supernovae, both directly visible and obscured by dust in the Galactic plane.
 18. Coherent light scattering of heterogeneous randomly rough films and effective medium in the theory of electromagnetic wave multiple scattering
 SciTech Connect
 Berginc, G
 2013-11-30
 We have developed a general formalism based on Green's functions to calculate the coherent electromagnetic field scattered by a random medium with rough boundaries. The approximate expression derived makes it possible to determine the effective permittivity, which is generalised for a layer of an inhomogeneous random medium with different types of particles and bounded with randomly rough interfaces. This effective permittivity describes the coherent propagation of an electromagnetic wave in a random medium with randomly rough boundaries. We have obtained an expression, which contains the Maxwell – Garnett formula at the low-frequency limit, and the Keller formula; the latter has been proved to be in good agreement with experiments for particles whose dimensions are larger than a wavelength. (coherent light scattering)
 19. Electron scattering disintegration processes on light nuclei in covariant approach
 NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
 Kuznietsov, P. E.; Kasatkin, Yu. A.; Klepikov, V. F.
 2016-07-01
 We provide general analysis of electro-break up process of compound scalar system. We use covariant approach with conserved EM current, which gives the ability to include strong interaction into QED. Therefore, we receive the ability to describe disintegration processes on nonlocal matter fields applying standard Feynman rules of QED. Inclusion of phase exponent into wave function receives a physical sense while we deal with the dominance of strong interaction in the process. We apply Green's function (GF) formalism to describe disintegration processes. Generalized gauge invariant electro-break up process amplitude is considered. One is a sum of traditional pole series and the regular part. We explore the deposits of regular part of amplitude, and its physical sense. A transition from virtual to real photon considered in photon point limit. The general analysis for electro-break up process of component scalar system is given. Precisely conserved nuclear electromagnetic currents at arbitrary square of transited momentum are received. The only undefined quantity in theory is vertex function. Therefore, we have the opportunity to describe electron scattering processes taking into account minimal necessary set of parameters.
 20. Light scattering on a single dust grain in the ultrasonic trap
 NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
 Barton, Petr; Pavlu, Jiri
 2016-04-01
 Light scattering by dust grains is a complex phenomenon playing an important role in all dust-light interactions. This includes light passing through dense dusty clouds in space as well as in the upper atmosphere, dust charging by photoemission, etc. When the size of the grain is close to the wavelength of the incident light, the Mie theory is often used to characterize the scattering process. However, our knowledge of necessary material constants for most of the space-related materials is limited. Moreover, solutions of Mie equations for general grain shapes is difficult and often not known. Objective of our work is development of an apparatus for observations of light scattering on small (micrometer-sized) arbitrary shaped dust grains. We measure scattering directly by levitating grains in the field created by the standing-wave ultrasonic trap. Such setup allows us to study single grains or small grain clusters. The experiment is performed at atmosphere - unlike other experiments, where grains were measured in water or other liquids, thus, the background effects are significantly reduced. Currently, the trap is under development and first tests are carried out. In this paper, we also focus on theoretical computation of the ultrasonic field of the selected trap.


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Five Methods:Determining the ProblemPressure MethodHeat MethodSoftware MethodHardware Method
Little blemishes on your computer screen might be driving you crazy! If your LCD screen has a point on the screen that is "stuck" (either it's always bright or always dark), it is potentially possible to fix it on your own. Start at Step 1 to DIY fix your own LCD monitor's stuck pixel
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Method 1 of 5: Determining the Problem
 1. 1
 Figure out if the pixel is stuck or dead. A stuck pixel usually shows a color. A dead pixel is solid white (for TN panels) or solid black. Try to determine whether the pixel is merely stuck, or if it's completely dead.
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 2. 2
 Send the screen back to the manufacturer (optional). If the pixel is dead, your best bet is to cash in on your screen's warranty and send it back to the manufacturer.
 - If the warranty on the screen has expired, you can attempt the following methods. Be aware, though, that they're meant primarily to remedy stuck pixels.
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Method 2 of 5: Pressure Method
 1. 1
 Turn on the computer and LCD screen.
 2. 2
 Display a black image, which will show the stuck pixel very clearly against the background. It is very important that you are showing a black image and not just a blank signal, as you need the backlighting of the LCD to be illuminating the back of the panel.
 3. 3
 Find a narrow object with a blunt, narrow end. A Sharpie marker with the cap on, an extremely dull pencil, a plastic stylus, or the end of a makeup brush would all work for this.
 - Before you proceed further read the warnings at the end of this article. Physically rubbing your monitor might actually make things worse.
 4. 4
 Use the rounded end of the object to gently tap the stuck pixel. Don't tap hard to start with, just enough to see a quick white glow under the point of contact. If you didn't see a white glow, then you didn't tap hard enough, so use just slightly more pressure this time.
 5. 5
 Tap harder. Increase the pressure on the taps gradually for 5-10 taps until the pixel rights itself.
 6. 6
 Apply pressure instead. If your tapping hasn't yielded any results, grab a damp (not wet) washcloth or paper towel. Fold the fabric so that you don't accidentally tear it, and hold it over the stuck pixel, and apply gentle but consistent pressure with the same object you used for tapping.
 - Try to apply pressure only to the stuck pixel and not the surrounding area.
 7. 7
 Check your results. Display a white image (such as an empty text document, or sending your browser to about:blank and going to fullscreen with F11) to verify that you haven't accidentally caused more damage than you fixed. If you fixed the stuck pixel, your whole screen should be white.
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Method 3 of 5: Heat Method
 1. 1
 Turn on the computer and the LCD screen.
 2. 2
 Dampen a washcloth with water that's as hot as possible. If you can, heat water on the stove or microwave until it's just beginning to show air bubbles at the bottom of the container. Put the washcloth in a colander, and dump the hot water over the washcloth.
 3. 3
 Put on gloves, or cover your hands with oven mitts. You don't want to burn your fingers in the next steps.
 4. 4
 Put the hot washcloth in a plastic sandwich bag. Make sure the seal is completely closed.
 5. 5
 Hold the plastic bag with the hot washcloth up against the stuck pixel. Hold the plastic bag up to the screen such that the area you're using doesn't have a seam on it, because the seam may break open, and hot water may damage your computer. As much as you can, try to only focus the heat on the stuck pixel.
 6. 6
 "Massage" the pixel in slow circles. Move the bag around the pixel a bit in a massage-like motion. The heat generated will cause the liquid crystal to flow more easily into the areas that were not formerly filled.
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Method 4 of 5: Software Method
 1. 1
 Try running pixel-fixing software (see Sources and Citations). Stuck pixels can often be re-energized by rapidly turning them on and off. There are screensavers available for download that will do this to your LCD screen.
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Method 5 of 5: Hardware Method
 1. 1
 Try a solid state solution like PixelTuneup (see Sources and Citations). These devices produce specially tuned video signals that eliminate stuck pixels while enhancing picture quality, color, and contrast. Also works on televisions, including LCD, LED, plasma, or CRT.
 2. 2
 Turn off the monitor.
 3. 3
 Plug in and turn on PixelTuneup, then turn on the monitor.
 4. 4
 Wait 20 minutes.
 5. 5
 Turn off and unplug PixelTuneup.
 6. 6
 Stuck pixels and other IR will be gone, and color/contrast will be improved.
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Tips
 - If these instructions don't work, try to get the monitor replaced through your manufacturer. If your monitor falls under the specifications of replacement, get in contact with the manufacturer to set up replacement plans.
Warnings
 - LCD Displays are composed of multiple layers. Each layer is separated by very small glass spacers. These spacers and the individual layers are very delicate. Rubbing an LCD panel with a finger or even a cloth can cause the spacers to break and cause further issues beyond the original pixel fault. As such most repair technicians with service certifications are trained not to use the rub or tap methods - use them at your own risk.
 - Some people claim that touching the screen can cause more pixels to become stuck, although this has not been proven.
 - Most LCD manufacturer warranties for LCD displays will cover replacement of the panel when the display reaches a certain number of pixel anomalies. However, these warranties generally will not cover damage caused by rubbing the screen, so use extreme caution and contact the manufacturer before proceeding to see if you qualify for repair or replacement.
 - Do not attempt to open the monitor. This will void the warranty, and the manufacturer will not replace it.
 - Beware of websites that let you download screensavers. Many have viruses that are much worse than a stuck pixel.
 - Make sure you don't get any electrical equipment wet, or it may break.
Sources and Citations
 - pixel-fixer – A website that rapidly cycles the browser window through primary and secondary colors to attempt to fix stuck pixels with no need to install any application or use the Java Applet.
 - JScreenFix – A web-based Java Applet that randomly turns on and off each pixel at up to 60 times a second to fix stuck pixels.
 - TomsHardware.com – Article on how many dead pixels a monitor must have for your specific manufacturer to replace it.
 - JeffPatch.com blog – Post about the Sony Color Flashing Video which can also fix stuck pixels.
 - DPT 2.20 – A Windows application to help locate and identify dead/stuck pixels. Also has a pixel exerciser built in to possibly get lazy pixels working again.
 - UDPixel 2.1 – A free windows application which help you to locate and fix 1 or more stuck pixels.
 - PixelRepairer - A free windows application with stuck pixels localization and repair functionality and multiple screens support.
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text:
We live in a time of such rapid change that sometimes it feels like we might wake up one morning, walk outside the front door and be facing a future we didn't prepare for. Jean Houston, one of the early point riders of the human potential movement says : "It's time to wake up – learn to cook on more burners," because we have "come to the edge of our tolerance and it's time to jump." Because "we're all encoded with a dynamic purpose," Houston believes we can "create a new order of social artistry that reflects righteousness between people, creativity, health and spiritual power." Find out how to begin in this inspiring dialogue.
Jean Houston is a visionary thinker, teacher, and philosopher who pioneered the Human Potential Movement and established the Social Artistry leadership model that she used in her work with the United Nations Development Programme.
She is the author of nearly thirty books, including:
- A Mythic Life: Learning to Live our Greater Story (HarperSanFrancisco 1996)
- A Passion for the Possible: A Guide to Realizing Your True Potential (HarperSanFrancisco 1997)
- The Wizard of Us: Transformational Lessons from Oz (Beyond Words 2012)
To learn more about the work of Jean Houston go to _URL_.
Topics explored in this dialogue include:
- "Jump time" and how it relates to our place in history today
- What to do when the map no longer fits the territory
- Going from "this is me" to "we are"
- How the Internet relates to the "Inner-Net"
- Whole body learning
- Why it is so crucial to keep our cultural diversity alive
- Houston's hilarious five-year-old singing debut at Hollywood Bowl and how it changed her life
- Amazing stories of everyday people who changed the world
- The spiritual impulse behind technology
Host: Michael Toms Interview Date: 6/18/2000 Program Number: 2819


text: Maintenance dredging of an area previously authorized; dredging was previously conducted under U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Permit # CENAP-OR-R-199901059 and Delaware DNREC Subaqueous Lands Permit # SP-081/09. The applicant proposes to dredge by hydraulic means approximately 1,475 cubic of material from approximately 30,000 square feet (approximately 0.70 acre) of underwater area out-shore of the foot of the Augustine Beach Boat Ramp to a depth ranging up to 4.0 feet below mean low water at a distance of approximately 400 feet from the toe of the ramp. A state owned 14 inch hydraulic dredge would be utilized to pump the dredged material. Material to be dredged consists of approximately 75% silt and 25% sand, and would be disposed on in an approximately 1.77 acre intertidal sandy-gravel beach area immediately downstream of a stone breakwater structure at the southerly limit of the boat ramp site. Deposition would be to a height estimated to be 1.0 foot above existing grade. At the present time the ramp in un-usable during mean low water due to sedimentation out-shore of the ramp. Of the total proposed beach disposal area, 76,945 square feet (1.77 acres) is below the High Tide Line and 13,068 square feet (0.30 acre) is in uplands.


Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English homepage
metal detector
noun

Related topics: Outdoor, Technology
metal detector [countable]
1TDLO a machine used to find pieces of metal that are buried under the ground
2TTA a special frame that you walk through at an airport, used to check for weapons made of metal
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text:
To determine if zinc homeostasis occurs by zinc output from bile-pancreatic secretions, the bile-pancreatic duct and intestine of rats were surgically cannulated, and bile-pancreatic fluid was collected 2 h/d from the day of surgery to 8 d after surgery. The rats were fed diets containing 10, 100 or 1000 micrograms Zn/g diet before and after surgery. The effect of surgery itself was significant; food intake was initially lower than presurgery levels, but returned to presurgery levels by d 5. Protein and zinc concentrations, and carboxypeptidase A (CpA) and carboxypeptidase B (CpB) activities in bile-pancreatic fluid increased after surgery and leveled off at approximately d 6. Among the dietary zinc groups, the concentration of zinc in bile-pancreatic fluid varied significantly, whereas concentrations of calcium and copper did not. Zinc concentration in bile-pancreatic fluid for d 1-8 postsurgery averaged 1.8, 3.2 and 4.4 micrograms Zn/g, in the groups fed 10, 100 and 1000 micrograms Zn/g diet, respectively. Because the percent of zinc ingested that was secreted in bile-pancreatic fluid, estimated to be 57, 9.5 and 1.2% for the groups consuming the diets containing 10, 100 and 1000 micrograms Zn/g diet respectively, was not similar in the three groups, the quantity of zinc in bile-pancreatic fluid is not proportionally related to the amount of zinc ingested. Our results therefore suggest that zinc secretion in bile-pancreatic fluid does not play a major role in zinc homeostasis. Molecular localization of zinc in bile-pancreatic fluid and measurement of activity of CpA and CpB indicated that zinc in bile-pancreatic fluid is associated primarily with these digestive enzymes.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Number of pages||7|
|Journal||Journal of Nutrition|
|State||Published - Jun 1987|
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Food Science
- Medicine (miscellaneous)


text:
Park Ranger Larry Beane will present Archeology of Little River Canyon at the Little River Canyon Center on Dec. 8, 2012 from 10 a.m. to 11 am. Experience the activities of eons of time by trying your hand at the atlatl spears and pump drill! People left evidence of their visits and occupations in the park for thousands of years. The park has connections to World War II, Civilian Conservation Corps, liquor stills of the prohibition days, Trail of Tears, and all the periods of prehistoric Native Americans. Studies in the park have revealed clues to the human record. Replicas and pictures in the presentation reveal what life was like in the park. National Park regulations and the legislation creating the preserve require the park to preserve and interpret this archeology. The park is required to study areas having ground disturbance in order to prevent damage to the history hidden in the ground. Waterlines, trail projects, parking lots and picnic areas revealed some of the best clues to our past. When these objects are analyzed in relation to other objects, they present a clearer picture of the past. Please leave artifacts where they are so they can be properly documented before they are moved. "All sites are protected. It is illegal to disturb them." Ranger Beane said. The National Park Service requires detailed plans and research designs before issuing permits to professional archeologists. These objects belong to all of us. The park service maintains collections to prove the stories and allow research for generations to come.During a historic document search archeologists discovered that the Cherokee Trail of Tears routes from Fort Likens and Fort Lovell passed through the park. The archeologist referred to Gail King's extensive 600 page document in the report. This extensive document covers the Trail of Tears routes in Alabama and was published in 2009. Park staff were previously unaware of these routes. Beane said "We suspected that some removal routes passed through the park. This research provided the evidence of a 175 year old legacy to the Cherokees and Muscogee Creeks who were removed from the area." Park Superintendent Gail Bishop invites the public for this special free event. For information, call the _PHONE_. Follow our updates and find park pictures on Facebook at "lirinps."
Centre Fire Department will conduct its annual Christmas toy drive through Dec. 14. Unwrapped toys can be dropped off at several locations around Centre or at the fire station Monday through Friday, from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. All donations will benefit children in Cherokee County through the Nettie Brown Clearinghouse and other local charities. For more information, call _PHONE_.
The 21st Century Program in partnership with the Humane Society in Cedar Bluff is collecting items for animals in the shelter through Dec. 17. Donations can be dropped off at Centre Elementary School or sent with a student. For more information call Kelly Hopper at _PHONE_ or send email to _EMAIL_.
The Cherokee County Public Library has on ongoing book sale. Get paperbacks for as little as a dime and hardbacks for as little as 50 cents or $1. The library is open today from 8 a.m. until noon. Call the library at _PHONE_ for further information.
In high school basketball action, Cedar Bluff plays at Gaston beginning at 2 p.m.
Sunday, Dec. 9
The Centre First Baptist Church contemporary worship service, "Impact" begins at 8:30 a.m.
The Edge, a contemporary worship service that welcomes each person as he or she is and challenges us all to grow together in our faith in Jesus Christ, meets at 8:45 a.m. at Centre First United Methodist Church.
Blanche Methodist Church, 145 County Road 15, is having a Christmas Singing, Dec. 9, at 2 p.m. Special singers will be The Baileys from Sand Rock. Pastor Alan Copeland and members invite everyone to attend. For more information, call _PHONE_.
Sand Rock Church of Christ, 3633 Alabama Highway 68 W, is having its Third Annual Gingerbread Party, Dec. 9, 2 to 4 p.m. this is a fun time for children and youth of all ages to decorate Gingerbread houses. For more information, call _PHONE_.
Little River Baptist Church on Highway 273 invites everyone to its Christmas Play, "The Christmas Shoes", Dec. 9, at 5 p.m.


text:
- No later than the beginning of the student's penultimate semester, the candidate should have identified an appropriate thesis advisor, obtained their permission to do research for credit with them, and identified an honors research project. Note that research experiences in CISAB faculty laboratories are competitive, and students are encouraged to begin seeking such opportunities early in the undergraduate career. Students are encouraged to visit with faculty in areas they find most interesting and can seek advice from Biology Advisors, their course instructors, or the CISAB director to identify appropriate faculty members.
- Once a student has identified a research/thesis advisor, the student should apply for the Honors Program by submitting an application to the Biology Advising Office and to CISAB.
- The experimental portion of the research project should be well underway no later than the start of the student's final semester.
- The student should form their honors thesis committee within six months of the end of the student's final semester. Forming the committee earlier is encouraged to allow the student to receive input on their project from their committee.
- The thesis committee should receive the honors thesis at least two weeks prior to the end of the student's final semester.
- The student should successfully defend their thesis for their committee at least one week prior to the end of the semester. Earlier defenses are encouraged to allow the student time to revise the thesis if required by their committee.
- The Biology advisors must certify the successful defense of the Honors' thesis with the Recorder's office at least one week before the end of the student's final semester. The student must submit a copy of the thesis, bound and signed by all committee members to the Biology advising office at least ten days before the end of the semester.
- Note that the final responsibility for meeting all of the deadlines for the honors degree lies with the student.
The Honors Thesis
The format of the Honors Thesis should follow that of a paper published in a primary literature. Typically, the thesis will include the following sections: abstract, introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion, acknowledgments, and bibliography. The Introduction and Discussion should include a review of the literature with citations. Data should be analyzed with appropriate statistics. Students are encouraged to begin writing their thesis early, and to solicit frequent feedback from their research mentor(s) on their writing. Students should read and understand the background literature for their project early in the process.
The Thesis Defense
The thesis defense will typically consist of an oral presentation of the research project, followed by a defense of the oral presentation and written thesis. The oral presentation may be open to the public, but will always include a closed defense with the student answering questions from their faculty committee.
Students seeking the Honors Degree in Animal Behavior must conduct an independent research project, write a thesis, and successfully defend the thesis before a faculty committee. The committee should have three faculty members, at least two of which must be CISAB faculty members. Students should select their committee in consultation with their faculty advisor as soon as possible. Students should meet with their committee jointly or individually no later than the third week of their final semester to receive preliminary approval of their project, and must defend their thesis before the entire committee no later than two weeks before the end of their final semester. Students should schedule their defense early to ensure that all committee members will be available.


Contact me for VHDL or Verilog projects and assignments
Thursday, February 17, 2011
File reading and writing in VHDL - Part 2
I have published a post on file reading and writing using VHDL before. You can access it here. As you know file manipulation will help you to verify your design more effectively at the debugging stage of your design.
For file operation we use the library named textio in the STD directory. This library contains the in built functions for reading and writing files.
Reading Files in VHDL:
The below code reads a set of binary numbers from the file named read.txt and put them into a 4 bit std_logic_vector signal. The text file used with the code can be downloaded from here.
LIBRARY ieee;
USE ieee.std_logic_1164.ALL;
use STD.textio.all; --Dont forget to include this library for file operations.
ENTITY read_file IS
END read_file;
ARCHITECTURE beha OF read_file IS
 signal bin_value : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0):="0000";

BEGIN

 --Read process
 process
 file file_pointer : text;
 variable line_content : string(1 to 4);
 variable line_num : line;
 variable j : integer := 0;
 variable char : character:='0';
 begin
 --Open the file read.txt from the specified location for reading(READ_MODE).
 file_open(file_pointer,"C:\read.txt",READ_MODE);
 while not endfile(file_pointer) loop --till the end of file is reached continue.
 readline (file_pointer,line_num); --Read the whole line from the file
 --Read the contents of the line from the file into a variable.
 READ (line_num,line_content);
 --For each character in the line convert it to binary value.
 --And then store it in a signal named 'bin_value'.
 for j in 1 to 4 loop
 char := line_content(j);
 if(char = '0') then
 bin_value(4-j) <= '0';
 else
 bin_value(4-j) <= '1';
 end if;
 end loop;
 wait for 10 ns; --after reading each line wait for 10ns.
 end loop;
 file_close(file_pointer); --after reading all the lines close the file.
 wait;
 end process;
end beha;
The above VHDL code can also be downloaded from here. I have commented the codes so that you can understand the flow of the code. The values read from the file are represented by a signal named bin_value. The simulation waveform is given below:
The main points to be noted are:
 - Declare file pointers and other variables required as given in the above code.
 - file_open() to open the file. Change the path of the file depending on where your file is stored.
 - Use read and readline functions.
 - Finally after everything is over, close the file using file_close.
Writing Files in VHDL:
 The following code is used for writing a file. Remember that these codes contain just examples and depending on what you have to write to the file the code should be changed. The code writes binary numbers from 0000 to 1111 to a file named write.txt
LIBRARY ieee;
USE ieee.std_logic_1164.ALL;
USE ieee.std_logic_arith.ALL;
use STD.textio.all;
ENTITY write_file IS
END write_file;
ARCHITECTURE beha OF write_file IS

BEGIN

 --Write process
 process
 file file_pointer : text;
 variable line_content : string(1 to 4);
 variable bin_value : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);
 variable line_num : line;
 variable i,j : integer := 0;
 variable char : character:='0';
 begin
 --Open the file write.txt from the specified location for writing(WRITE_MODE).
 file_open(file_pointer,"C:\write.txt",WRITE_MODE);
 --We want to store binary values from 0000 to 1111 in the file.
 for i in 0 to 15 loop
 bin_value := conv_std_logic_vector(i,4);
 --convert each bit value to character for writing to file.
 for j in 0 to 3 loop
 if(bin_value(j) = '0') then
 line_content(4-j) := '0';
 else
 line_content(4-j) := '1';
 end if;
 end loop;
 write(line_num,line_content); --write the line.
 writeline (file_pointer,line_num); --write the contents into the file.
 wait for 10 ns; --wait for 10ns after writing the current line.
 end loop;
 file_close(file_pointer); --Close the file after writing.
 wait;
 end process;
end beha;
The above code can also be downloaded from here. Any file writing code should have the following structure:
 - Declare file pointers and other variables required as given in the above code.
 - file_open() to open the file. Change the path of the file depending on where your file is stored.
 - Use write and writeline functions.
 - Finally after everything is over, close the file using file_close.
Note:- The codes are tested successfully using Xilinx Webpack 12.1. Note that file reading is a part of testbench design. In actual FPGA you cannot read or write files. But for functional verification of your design this is a must know.
28 comments:
 1. hi,,
 good post...
 smtimes when we try to open a file which is already open then modelsim shows some 'error'(not warning) but things keep on working fine..so i use to ignore dat error..
 anyways..plz. tell us is there any difference b/n asic coding style n fpga coding style... ?
 ReplyDelete
 2. @hank : once you open the file, you have to close it. otherwise you cant open it.
 asic coding means gate level or transistor level coding.But in fpga coding, we only consider the function. In ASIC coding we can change the routing and other things. Its like bulding a circuit from scratch.
 ReplyDelete
 3. Im wondering why you've done this, and not used the std_logic_textio package? with this you can read/write directly with std_logic(_vector)s?
 In addition, there is no need for an extra string variable. The line type is just a pointer to a string, and you can dereference it to access each character by:
 char := line_num.all(i);
 ReplyDelete
 4. can u please suggest how to store the output of the file reading part in array....?
 ReplyDelete
 5. VHDL can also deal with truly binary (non-ascii) files by declaring a file type of integer:
 type binary_file is file of integer;
 file dat : binary_file is in FILENAME;
 Now the file 'dat' can be read directly into an array 'rd_array' (array(0 to SIZE) of integer), skipping the line buffer altogether:
 read(dat,rd_array(0));
 May be useful, depending on application.
 ReplyDelete
 Replies
 1. If its a truly binary file is it possible to force data type upon it ? I mean can we declare it as a
 ------ type binary_file is file of STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(63 downto 0)
 ?????
 and then assign directly arrays of RAM block as is ?
 Delete
 6. how can we read a bmp image in vhdl . can u give the code
 ReplyDelete
 Replies
 1. hi rahul...,,,
 me doing a project on image processing..,
 fr dis i require vhdl coding for reading an image..,
 so, plz give me code if u have it..,
 plzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz sent it to my mail _EMAIL_
 Delete
 2. Hello,
 Can you plz send me the vhdl code for image reading ?
 You send it to my email _EMAIL_
 Thank you in advance,
 Delete
 3. This comment has been removed by the author.
 Delete
 4. Hello,
 Can you plzzzzzzzzzz send me the vhdl code for image reading ?
 You send it to my email _EMAIL_
 Thank you in advance,
 Delete
 7. but I got an error like this :
 Error (10533): VHDL Wait Statement error at write_file.vhd(37): Wait Statement must contain condition clause with UNTIL keyword
 what might be the problem??
 ReplyDelete
 8. but I got the error like this :
 Error (10533): VHDL Wait Statement error at write_file.vhd(37): Wait Statement must contain condition clause with UNTIL keyword
 what might be the problem?
 ReplyDelete
 9. but I got an error like this :
 Error (


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SCICEX: The Science Ice Exercise
The Science Ice Exercise (SCICEX) program is a collaboration between the U.S. Navy and the marine research community to utilize nuclear-powered submarines for the study of the Arctic Ocean. Unlike surface ships, submarines have the unique and valuable ability to operate and take measurements regardless of sea ice cover and weather conditions. The goal of the program is to acquire comprehensive data about Arctic sea ice, water properties, and bathymetry.
SCICEX is important because it adds critical pieces to the overall information needed to analyze sea ice and ocean dynamics - ice thickness and bathymetry data in particular but also chemical, biological, and physical oceanographic data. With the success of the initial project in 1993, the U.S. Navy and the National Science Foundation (NSF) signed a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) in 1994 that called for five more dedicated SCICEX missions. The dedicated SCICEX cruises occurred in 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999.
In October of 1998, due in large part to a drastic reduction in the size of the nuclear submarine fleet, the U.S. Navy announced that they could no longer facilitate the dedicated missions. In an effort to try and continue the SCICEX program, the Navy and the science community agreed upon shorter duration missions that included data collection for science but did not include civilian scientists on board the submarines. These were coined Science Accommodation Missions (SAMs). To date, four SAMs have been completed in 2000, 2001, 2003, and 2005. More routine opportunities to collect SCICEX data during SAMs are expected.


Pulmonary capillary filtration and reflection coefficients in the adult rabbit
Douglas Wangensteen, Earl Lysaker, Paul Savaryn
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
8 Scopus citations
Abstract
Using an isolated, Ringer-perfused lung preparation, we measured values of the filtration coefficient and reflection coefficients of NaCl, mannitol, sucrose, raffinose, inulin, and albumin for the pulmonary capillary endothelium of adult rabbits. We found a filtration coefficient value of 1.00 × 10-3 cm3 sec-1 cm H2O-1. When this value is normalized for the estimated exchange area it is similar to other reported lung Kf values normalized in the same way. Using an osmotic transient technique we measured the reflection coefficients for the test molecules mentioned. NaCl, mannitol, sucrose, and raffinose all had small values (about 0.05) which were not significantly different from one another. Based on this we assume that using these molecules we measured the kinetics of osmotic flow across cell membranes and not through capillary endothelial pores (capillary σ = 0 for these molecules). Correcting inulin and albumin data for this "cell" effect, we estimate σinulin = 0.09 and σalbumin = 0.35 for adult pulmonary capillaries. These results are consistent with a two-pore model of the pulmonary capillary endothelium: (a) pores in the endothelial cell membranes having dimensions typical of cell membrane pores and contributing very little to fluid transport, and (b) pores through the endothelium having a radius of about 100 Å and through which virtually all induced fluid flux occurs. Our data, however, do not rule out other multipore models of the capillary endothelium which have been proposed.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)81-97
Number of pages17
JournalMicrovascular Research
Volume14
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 1977
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Jagged, or: Tender
'Edges and Fringes' – a d'Verse poetics prompt
(best viewed on a horizontal screen)
can you
visit us
from the unknowable beyond
to hearten us, for we miss
and grief's jagged edges cut us
even as the edges of mortal life are
to us
remaining, as we do, on this side
living; broken; aching
hear me
in dreams
I call
every night, all night
tenderly, I watch over you
With love
and reaching out to inspire you
from beyond the very fringes
of life
to believe…
The prompt
The above poem is my take on d'Verse's 'Edges and Fringes' prompt.
Our mission was to spark on one of these paths, and I primarily found my way along the 1st and 3rd paths:
 1. Write a poem using the word edge;
 2. Write a poem that keeps Millikin's question in mind:
 - What is the word, the line, that cuts, that can show that edge?
 3. Write a poem using the word fringe;
 4. Write a poem from the fringe, however you define it.
91 thoughts on "Jagged, or: Tender"
 1. David,
 Jagged edges of grief and the fringes of life and death, but beyond them the comforting reality of love known and knowable. Beautifully expressed and I liked the parallel arrangement of speakers. How fitting!
 2. Have you tried reading the two poems as one, left to right? They flow… and they create a totally different message that way. This is magical! ❤
 3. Love has no boundaries – neither time nor space. I do believe that love can transcend the grave and as long as the memories last so too can the love. Beautiful poem that clearly shows that the love goes both ways…
 4. Wow. You've created that gap between this world and the other, in the shape of a poem examining themes of grief and reconciliation. Well done!
 5. Not to repeat what's already been said, but Wow…excellent job of capturing the grief and reconciliation of life and the other side while remaining true to the prompt.
 6. This is awesome. Read it in horizontal screen and could appreciate why you suggested that. Brilliant! Beautifully done. Thanks for sharing it. Keep going.
 xoxo, selmamartin.com
 7. David, this poem is a masterpiece! ❤ Heartfelt, poignant, and very beautiful. Brilliantly composed. I love your format and the colors you used to indicate the dialogue. Amazing how it reads so well left to right as one poem, as well as two separate poems! Thank you for sharing this!
 All the best to you and your family. ❤
 8. How beautifully is loss portrayed here, and poignant and tender response is moving. Such a beautiful write.
 9. This is a very touching dialogue David! And beyond everything else, what shines out to me is the hope in the message, hope that life and relationships don't end, they just reach a different medium. And dreams and the semi conscious mind is just the right medium for that.
 10. "Papa" – that very first word introduces the raw emotion and love in this write.
 " grief's jagged edges cut us
 even as the edges of mortal life are clear"
 So very difficult to lose a loved and treasured parent.
 This is a truly beautiful write.
 1. Thank you so very much for the kind comment, Lillian. I actually did call my father "Papa" because the language of our home was Russian. And he really did call me "Boy" (in Russian).
 11. Oh I love this, very clever and beautifully written. Reminds me vaguely of Welly Boots by the band The Amazing Devil for some reason. Fantastic work anyways keep it up!
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The Japanese squirrel ( Sciurus lis) is a tree squirrel found on the islands of Japan and some surrounding smaller islands. It lives in forests as well as suburban areas such as parks. It eats nuts, seeds and fruits. The average life span for them is 2-3 years but they can live up to 10 years in captivity.
They tend to gather in groups and like to make their homes inside hollowed trunks and other types of holes they find, however once mating season comes around they will fight over any available space that has one opening big enough for them all to fit into at once. They are very territorial creatures and can be observed chasing each other away from food sources or sleeping spots if another tries to encroach on their territory


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Level and solids profile detection in thickeners using conductivity
CIM Bulletin, Vol. 87, No. 985, 1994
M. Xu, A. Probst and J.A. Finch, Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
Solids concentration (weight % solids) profiles and the clear liquid/slurry interface level (mud-line) were determined from conductivity measurements in thickeners at Falconbridge's Strathcona mill (Ni concentrate and non-mag thickeners) and Kidd Creek Division (Cu, Zn concentrates and final tails in the concentrator and a jarosite thickener in the Zn plant). The conductivity measurement system consisted of a probe 1.5 m in length with 23 electrode cells, a 24-channel relay, a conductivity meter and a computer. A conductivity profile is collected which locates the mud-line by a sharp change in conductivity. The conductivity measurements are readily converted to solids concentration profiles using a model due to Maxwell. The results from conductivity measurements were compared with direct measurements on local samples obtained using a modified Noranda sampler. It is concluded that the conductivity technique is applicable to locate the mud-line and to estimate the solids concentration profiles in thickeners. This on-line information could improve the operational efficiency of industrial thickeners.


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Robot-aided Automatic Fish Processing System For Highly Efficient Pollutant Detection And Drug Evaluation
DescriptionThe aim of this project is to develop a prototype device, named AutoFish, which is a robot-aided automatic fish-processing-system for highly efficient pollutant detection and drug evaluation. The device utilizes advanced technologies of micromachining, automation, microfluidics, optical imaging and processing to provide a high-throughput and non-destructive manipulation solution for tiny zebrafish, which has been increasingly used as a preclinical animal model to save lives of thousands of experimental mice or rats. This project directly addresses key issues that must be solved to realize a prototype AutoFish. Specifically, we will design and fabricate a mcirofluidic chip for manipulating large particles on the scale of couple millimeters, and optimize the shape of the flow channels for parallel trapping and orientation of large number of fishes. We will develop an intelligent fish-loading and dispensing peripheral to automatic control fish input and output. We will also integrate a high-speed optical imaging and processing module to conduct on-chip microscopy of fishes. Lastly, we will perform feasibility study of using Autofish technology for testing polluted water sample and anti-cancer drug combinations using transgenic fishes. The success of this project will greatly benefit testing and certification service for both environmental monitoring and healthcare industry in Hong Kong.
|Effective start/end date||1/09/14 → 29/02/16|


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The Birthright: Song of Acadia #3
The Song of Acadia series began with two young women, one British and one French, who become close friends despite the fact their countries were at war. This book is about their daughters, Nicole and Anne, who share as deep a friendship as their mothers. Nicole's Uncle Charles wants to make her heiress to his vast property in England. Although Nicole doesn't want this, she feels led to join her uncle on his English estate, separating her from her family and Anne not long after being reunited with them. When Anne's life takes a dramatic change, she finds herself bound for England to join Nicole. Through joys and tragedies these two young women, unchanged by the wealth that surrounds them, struggle to discover what shape their lives are destined to take.
The plot seems forced at times, and circumstances are placed rather conveniently for the major characters. What the book lacks in plot is more than made up in historical detail. The authors authentically describe Halifax and Georgian England prior to the Revolution. Another strength of this work is the way affection is portrayed. The characters' true concern for each other is evident but not overwhelming.
This story is most meaningful when read after the two previous books in the series.


Hospital Capacity Management: Handling Complex Care Patients
Among the range of groups whose care sucks up a disproportionate amount of healthcare resources, "Complex Care Patients" present a special challenge for hospital leaders seeking to improve their hospital's capacity management. These patients require special processes and a deliberate strategy to ensure that their hospital stay isn't prolonged further than necessary. Failure to address complex care patients directly will have an adverse impact on hospital capacity management.
If a 300 bed hospital has 5 percent of its patient population with a length of stay (LOS) of more than 20 days, for example, those 15 patients will essentially utilize the equivalent number of bed days as 75 patients who stayed in the hospital for four days.
Setting the Threshold for Review
The threshold set by hospitals to review lengths of stay varies based on institution and the types of patients served. Small hospitals without significant subspecialty support for such things like dialysis, long term respiratory care or even psychiatric care can often set a lower threshold for length of stay and subsequent intervention by transferring patients to higher acuity facilities. Tertiary care facilities may have a more challenging patient population to manage. These facilities are often the recipient of long term complex care patients from smaller hospitals.
Regardless of size, though, every hospital should consistently manage and review patients whose LOS has become extended for whatever reason. Many hospitals have a defined a list of patients who have been there for an extended period. This list may include patients admitted more than 30 days ago or perhaps 25 or 20 days. Some hospitals set the threshold as low as 7 days.
Complex Care Patient Types
Many complex care patients have more than one issue or multiple obstacles to overcome before arriving at a strategy for care, either to continue to treat or to transfer to another facility. One example would be a bariatric chronic vent patient on hemodialysis with osteomyelitis – but the list of conditions is long. These include patients with certain respiratory conditions, certain nephrology or infectious disease patients, patients with specialty equipment needs, certain psychiatric patients, and in some cases patients with either legal guardianship or end of life issues.
Strategies for Complex Care Capacity Management
Regardless of the volume of patients, every hospital should have a system and team to review these patients and develop a plan for them if necessary. The challenges surrounding this complex patient population can be daunting. Hospitals can employ a number of strategies to manage this complex patient population:
 - Provide long-term care within the acute care facility
 - Transfer the patient to an alternative hospital due to extenuating care delivery circumstances
 - Build or modify an existing long term care facility to provide the necessary long term acute care needs to transfer the patient from the acute care hospital
 - Institute agreements with long term care facilities to accommodate the complex care patient population
The Complex Care Team
Whatever strategies are used to manage these patients, a coordinated team effort is required to daily review and update treatment plans and alternative care options. This team is ideally composed of the following:
 - Physician leadership
 - Care management representation from each med/surg/psych unit
 - Infectious disease representation
 - Representatives from long term care facilities
 - Palliative Care
 - Administration representative
This group should meet weekly to identify all complex care patients exceeding defined LOS thresholds and associated treatment plans for each patient. As focus and resources are directed toward this group of challenging patients, there needs to be continued emphasis on reducing the LOS threshold to provide continuous improvement and a team approach to patient disposition.
Complex care management should also involve daily rounding by the physician champion on the various units with care management to determine barriers to patient disposition. This type of pro-active management can provide earlier assistance in the use of consultation such as palliative care intervention.
More Efficient Care
This type of daily and weekly multi-pronged team approach to identification and disposition of this patient population can have significant impact on hospital capacity. Reducing the LOS of this population can have a positive impact on every aspect of hospital capacity management, reducing bottlenecks, making more efficient use of the beds that are available, and ultimately improving patient satisfaction. Few patients want to stay in the hospital longer than absolutely necessary, after all.


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British and Commonwealth Warship Camouflage of WWII
Volume II: Battleships & Aircraft Carriers
During World War II, navies developed camouflage for their ships. Applying it to both vertical and horizontal surfaces, they reduced visibility and confused the identities of their ships to the enemy. Maritime artist Malcolm Wright continues his depictions of the official and unofficial paint schemes that adorned the capital ships of the Royal Navy and Commonwealth. Many schemes included in this volume are difficult to find without intensive research, making this a unique and valuable resource.


text:
By Ken Ward Jr.
Why does West Virginia's timber industry mostly consist of loggers and sawmills? Why doesn't the state have many furniture factories?
Forestry professors have made a career of trying to answer these questions. Governor after governor has faced the problem. Businessmen scratch their heads when confronted with this quandary.
Over the years, a list of possible answers has been compiled. Basically, they point to problems that make production costs higher in West Virginia than in surrounding states, making location here less desirable. Among the problems commonly cited:
- Transportation - Problems with West Virginia's road system have become legendary. Loggers in the state can't avoid the fact that heavy, bulky lumber must be hauled over winding, narrow roads. In many places, bridges are not sturdy enough to carry huge log trucks safely.
Industry experts say this situation has improved over the years. Many support construction of Corridor H from Elkins to Virginia as a further improvement that could help the timber industry.
- The West Virginia Development Office says it is disadvantaged because of the furniture industry's reliance on trade shows in North Carolina.
Twice each year, producers, buyers and others connected with the furniture industry gather in the High Point-Winston Salem area of North Carolina to display their wares and take and place orders for the coming season. These shows give the western Carolin a and Virginia areas a distinct advantage as a location for this industry.
- Others have pointed to a lack of training of West Virginia workers in woodworking skills required for furniture factories and other secondary wood processing businesses.
- Mingo County coal and timber baron Buck Harless blames the lack of furniture factories on West Virginia's reputation for labor disputes and a high level of unionization among workers.
Harless believes this image is no longer accurate, particularly as the labor movement has lost political power and membership, but continues to plague state development efforts.
- David E. White, a former West Virginia University forest economist, blames a more complicated combination of wages and transportation problems.
It costs more to transport timber products from rural timber counties like Webster or Randolph, so furniture plants would be better off in areas like Charleston, with interstate highways and river barge transportation.
But wages are higher in Kanawha County than in rural, timber counties. Low wages in those rural counties have helped make their sawmills competitive and offset high transportation costs for raw lumber. This hasn't been the case for secondary wood process ing.
"In short, the comparative advantage that West Virginia has for the primary processing of timber products does not exist for secondary processing," White wrote in 1994.
"West Virginia has not been able to meet the industry's low cost requirements for both transportation and labor conterminously," he wrote. "The result is that much of the state's primary wood products have been shipped for final processing to places outs ide West Virginia where these two conditions are better met."
Write a letter to the editor.


Monday, May 18, 2015
Creating a World of Relationalists
 At Ubuntu Learning Village, we have practically embraced the idea that we become powerful by creating power using our own creativity and the resources around us. By powerful we do not mean having the resources or capacity to oppress others, but the exact opposite. Powerfulness does not have to come at the cost of the powerlessness of others. In fact that is not being powerful, that is being oppressive. We can all be powerful simultaneously and be content with our own power.What we mean is that we are becoming a resource space and team to support the creation for conditions for people to explore their freedom and hopefully create more spaces of freedom.
In our Ubuntu, Beings are everything that exist, the visible and the invisible. And Relations means the reality that we in our being in this place and time together we affect each other.Beings in Relation
The manner in which we have envisaged creating this powerfulness is by means of the idea of Beings in Relation.
Relation according to means an existing connection; a significant association between or among things
 Beings in Relation therefore is a practical disposition towards honoring our current reality, which is that we are always in relation with all Beings around us. Whereas sometimes these relationships are closely felt, sometimes they are not. However, this distance does not mean relational significance decreases. We respect the trees, the earth, the grass, the animals and each other. Our hope is to project this into the world and create a world of relationalists, in which people honor our relatedness. It is our belief that when we recognize and live by the virtues that honor our mutual connectedness we have the greatest chances of eradicating negative forms of power.
By Moyo Rainos Mutamba
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