8.6.2. Multivariate decompositions: Independent component analysis of fMRI
This example is meant to demonstrate nilearn as a low-level tools used to combine feature extraction with a multivariate decomposition algorithm for resting state.
This example is a toy. To apply ICA to resting-state data, it is advised to look at the example Group analysis of resting-state fMRI with ICA: CanICA.
The example here applies the scikit-learn ICA to resting-state data. Note that following the code in the example, any unsupervised decomposition model, or other latent-factor models, can be applied to the data, as the scikit-learn API enables to exchange them as almost black box (though the relevant parameter for brain maps might no longer be given by a call to fit_transform).
Load ADHD dataset
from nilearn import datasets
# Here we use only 3 subjects to get faster-running code. For better
# results, simply increase this number
# XXX: must get the code to run for more than 1 subject
dataset = datasets.fetch_adhd(n_subjects=1)
func_filename = dataset.func[0]
# print basic information on the dataset
print('First subject functional nifti image (4D) is at: %s' %
 dataset.func[0]) # 4D data
Out:
First subject functional nifti image (4D) is at: /home/kamalakar/nilearn_data/adhd/data/_PHONE_/0010042_rest_tshift_RPI_voreg_mni.nii.gz
Preprocess
from nilearn.input_data import NiftiMasker
# This is resting-state data: the background has not been removed yet,
# thus we need to use mask_strategy='epi' to compute the mask from the
# EPI images
masker = NiftiMasker(smoothing_fwhm=8, memory='nilearn_cache', memory_level=1,
 mask_strategy='epi', standardize=True)
data_masked = masker.fit_transform(func_filename)
# Concatenate all the subjects
# fmri_data = np.concatenate(data_masked, axis=1)
fmri_data = data_masked
Apply ICA
from sklearn.decomposition import FastICA
n_components = 10
ica = FastICA(n_components=n_components, random_state=42)
components_masked = ica.fit_transform(data_masked.T).T
# Normalize estimated components, for thresholding to make sense
components_masked -= components_masked.mean(axis=0)
components_masked /= components_masked.std(axis=0)
# Threshold
import numpy as np
components_masked[np.abs(components_masked) < .8] = 0
# Now invert the masking operation, going back to a full 3D
# representation
component_img = masker.inverse_transform(components_masked)
Visualize the results
# Show some interesting components
from nilearn import image
from nilearn.plotting import plot_stat_map, show
# Use the mean as a background
mean_img = image.mean_img(func_filename)
plot_stat_map(image.index_img(component_img, 0), mean_img)
plot_stat_map(image.index_img(component_img, 1), mean_img)
show()
 - ../../_images/sphx_glr_plot_ica_resting_state_001.png
 - ../../_images/sphx_glr_plot_ica_resting_state_002.png
Total running time of the script: ( 0 minutes 6.240 seconds)
Generated by Sphinx-Gallery


text:
Video of the Albino Cyclops Shark Embryo
Posted on November 5, 2011
A cyclops albino shark fetus was found inside a shark captured by a fisherman near Cerralvo Island in the Gulf of California. National Geographic reported last month that scientists confirmed the shark was genuine. Cyclops sharks have never been caught outside the womb, possibly because they do not survive long in the wild after birth.
Marine scientist Marcela Bejarano carries the dead cyclops shark on the beach in this video. Bejarano says, "It's a Cyclops shark, it's an exceptional case, because there have never been international reports, scientific reports, nothing of that sort about a shark that has these features."
Later in the video clip, Fisherman Enrique Lucero Leon can be seen putting the unusual shark embryo he found in a tank. Take a look:
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- Study Reveals 3-D Structure of Ultra-Black Butterfly Wings
- NASA Image Shows Lake Mega Chad Remnants

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
In finance, a tick refers to the minimum price increment that a particular asset can move up or down. Tick size is the smallest amount that an asset can move in value. Tick size can vary depending on the asset class, exchange or market.
Tick size is often expressed in monetary terms, and the tick size for different assets can vary significantly. For example, the tick size for stocks on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is one cent, while for futures contracts, it can be as small as 0.25 cents.
The term "tick" can also refer to the number of trades occurring on a particular asset during a given period of time. Tick volume is a measure of how many trades have occurred for an asset during a specified time frame, usually a day. The size of the tick volume can be an indication of market liquidity and can be useful in technical analysis.


Some Atheist Scientists With Children Embrace Religious Traditions
What happens when atheist scientists have kids? Do they expose them to religious traditions and institutions?
I surveyed nearly 1,700 natural and social scientists at elite American universities, and approximately half expressed some form of religious identity, whereas the other half did not. Then I interviewed a scientifically selected sample of 275 of these scientists, to ask them how they feel about religion. I found that nearly one in five (17 percent) of those who are atheists and parents are part of a religious congregation and have attended a religious service more than once in the past year.
Why would this be? Research I conducted with sociologist Kristen Schultz Lee (University at Buffalo, SUNY) showed just how tightly linked religion and family are in the United States--so much so that even some of society's least religious people find it important to expose their children to different religious choices. Our research challenges the assumption that parents who engage in religious socialization always hold religious beliefs themselves.
The atheist scientists interviewed cited personal and social reasons for introducing and integrating religious traditions and institutions into their children's lives.
Their reasons include:
- Scientific identity - Study participants wish to expose their children to all sources of knowledge (including religion) and allow them to make their own, informed choices about a religious identity.
- Spousal influence - Study participants are involved in a religious institution because of influence from their spouse or partner.
- Desire for community - Study participants want a sense of community (moral or otherwise), even if they do not personally hold religious beliefs.
To me, one of the most interesting findings was the discovery that some atheist scientists not only want to expose their children to religious institutions, but they also cite their scientific identity as a reason for doing so.
We expected these individuals to be less inclined to introduce their children to religious traditions than they are. But it turns out they want their children to know about different religious traditions because it is more consistent with their identity as a scientist to expose their children to all sources of knowledge. They want their children to be "free thinkers." Yet it is also important to them that their children don't abandon skepticism in the course of their religious education.
One study participant, a chemist raised in a strongly Catholic home, said he came to believe later in life that science and religion are not compatible, but what he wants to pass on to his daughter-- more than this belief --is the ability to make her own decisions in a thoughtful, intellectual way.
"I... don't indoctrinate her that she should believe in God," he said. "I don't indoctrinate her into not believing in God." Like other atheist scientists who are parents, he has exposed his child to a variety of religious choices so he does not inadvertently indoctrinate her with atheism.
We hope the study's findings will help the public better understand how our professional and family lives can interact with our religious lives. We also hope they will serve to remind us that there is greater diversity in how atheists approach religion and childrearing than stereotypes might lead us to expect.
Elaine Howard Ecklund is a sociologist at Rice University, director of the Religion and Public Life Program, which is part of the Social Sciences Research Institute, and a Rice Scholar at the Baker Institute for Public Policy. Her most recent book is Science Vs. Religion: What Scientists Really Think (Oxford University Press, 2010)


Pure Sine Wave Inverter vs Modified: What's the Difference?
BFP PureSineWaveInverterVsModified
Whether you're trying to live off-the-grid or just maintain your appliances if your power goes out, sine wave inverters will help you convert electrical currents from direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC).
However, when it comes to pure sine wave inverter vs modified, it's important to know what each is designed for and its parameters. Before you invest, this guide will help you make sure you're getting the right one off the bat.
Pure Sine Wave Inverters
Both types of inverters will do the same thing, meaning they'll convert DC electrical currents into AC currents. However, pure sine wave inverters differ from modified ones because they'll create AC waves that most closely resemble a sine wave (1).
In DC, electricity is maintained at constant voltage in one direction. In AC, electricity flows in both directions in the circuit as the voltage changes from positive to negative.
If not attached to real electricity, some devices will only run when plugged into pure sine inverters like those found in solar grid-tie inverters, which is why it's important to know the difference between a modified vs. pure sine wave inverter.
Modified Sine Wave Inverters
Modified sine wave inverters are similar to pure ones but aren't the same. Modified inverters create a sine wave that's easy to produce but not as closely related to actual DC currents. Moreover, a modified sine wave usually has three states but lower harmonic content (1).
Ultimately, modified sine options are highly popular, but you have to be careful because some technology is not compatible with these units.
The inside of an inverter
Comparing the Details: Modified vs Pure Sine Wave Inverters
If you Google, "modified sine wave inverter vs pure" choosing the right one can be difficult; but we're here to make the process easy. We've picked out a few key areas that note the differences between pure and modified sine inverters so you can make your choice quickly and easily.
Cost
Typically, in the battle of "pure sine wave inverter vs modified" pure sine units are more expensive.
This is because pure sine wave power inverters create AC waves that more closely resemble DC electrical currents, which allows them to work with appliances like refrigerators, microwaves, and compressors increasing their overall costs.
Pure sine wave inverters are more expensive than modified inverters but are more versatile.
Modified sine inverters are more cost-effective when used with the right equipment but may not get the job done for others. For example, motors don't work with modified AC sine waves and can damage the inverter if you attempt to use it (2).
WINNER: When comparing costs between modified and pure waveform sine power supplies, modified style units win due to their simplified design. However, you must choose your unit correctly, because attempting to power the wrong equipment with a modified sine wave inverter can give you more problems than solutions.
Range of Devices Powered
When choosing between modified and pure waveform sine wave inverters there are a couple of things to keep in mind regarding the variety of devices each can power.
Pure AC sine waves can power big appliances like refrigerators, as mentioned above, but can also handle battery chargers, medical equipment, light dimmers, and more sensitive equipment like iMacs, servers, and network equipment.
Modified sine wave units may be less costly than pure ones, but they don't have the same versatility if you don't need to power big appliances or items that are sensitive or offer various settings. For example, a drill with many speeds may only operate at high or low if it's using a modified inverter.
WINNER: At the end of the day, modified sine power supplies don't have the range that pure wave models do, so this round goes to pure sine wave output machines.
Efficiency
Pure sine inverters and modified sine inverters are incredibly efficient at keeping the items plugged into them running smoothly. However, this depends on you following directions and only plugging in things that each inverter can handle.
We've established that pure AC sine wave inverters cater to a wider range of items than modified sine units, but in terms of efficiency pure sine options win out. Sensitive appliances like microwaves, compressors, and refrigerators that use AC motors will not run as efficiently on a modified sine wave inverter (2).
WINNER: Pure sine wave power inverters. While both machines are very efficient at their jobs when used correctly, the more efficient of the two will be the pure waveform machine. If you've got a shortlist of items to plug into an inverter, though (and none of them are sensitive electronics), a modified will work just as well.
Effect on Powered Device
Modified sine wave inverters are the only devices that will affect the running power of a device. On the other hand, pure sine wave power is designed to handle pretty much any device.
This is best explained by this helpful video, where a microwave oven was put to the test:
I won't give any spoilers, but all I can say is that with modified sine wave inverters you encounter products that "may" or "may not work." This includes laser printers, photocopiers, devices that use silicon-controlled rectifiers, and many fluorescent lights (3).
WINNER: Pure waveform sine inverters will run equipment just as smoothly as if you plugged it into a full electrical source, so it's no wonder it wins against modified sine inverters yet again.
Final Verdict
If you're in the market for an inverter to power more sensitive equipment or major appliances, it's clear that pure AC sine wave power inverters are the way to go. That being said, it's not to say modified inverters are inherently bad or won't get the job done for some equipment – it just means they're not as versatile by design.
FAQs
 - Do You Really Need a Pure Sine Wave Inverter?
 To answer the question, if you "really need" a pure sine wave inverter, the short answer is it depends
 If you need to power sensitive electronics like desktop computers, servers, and CPAP machines, then you'll need a pure AC sine wave power inverter. If you need to power basic electronics like a desk lamp, oil diffuser, or table fan, a modified sine wave inverter will do just fine.
 - Why Are Pure Sine Wave Inverters So Expensive?
 The reason why pure waveform sine wave inverters are so expensive is that they allow you to power a wider range of electronic equipment.
 For example, pure sine wave inverters could be used to power servers which hold a business' whole infrastructure. A modified sine wave inverter that "may" or "may not" work could not be trusted with such an important job.
 - What Can a Modified Sine Wave Inverter Power?
 A modified sine wave inverter can power a long list of equipment including most lights (except fluorescent), TVs, microwave ovens, tools, and more (3). In addition, they can power some computers, but there are exceptions. For some laptops, and some monitors, they may experience interference including lines or a hum.
 1. Solar Energy Glossary. Retrieved from: _URL_
 2. Can a Modified Sine Wave Inverter Damage Electronics? Retrieved from: _URL_
 3. Power Inverter FAQ. Retrieved from: _URL_


text:
The liberties and duties of a supervisor that is scientific of thesis work
The instructor whom works in the graduating division or other faculty may lead their education research, if the relative mind regarding the division will not object to this. a manager handles guidance that is overall the execution and writing of the thesis.
The role associated with scientific supervisor within the research work regarding the pupil would be to contribute to student's creative search activity. Assistance from a manager is essential for the learning student to know the theoretical presumptions of the proposed study, to formulate the goal, tasks and hypotheses. A supervisor and a student analyze and correct the research at various stages of the work.
Duties of a manager
The duties associated with the supervisor include:
- 1) The scientific supervisor is obliged to familiarize himself with these provisions as well as in the program of thesis design he is directed because of the demands for a thesis operate in these methodological tips;
- 2) to issue tasks for a thesis work;
- 3) to recommend the dwelling of a thesis;
- 4) to develop a step-by-step plan of a thesis by having a student;
- 5) to inform the student concerning the purchase of specific consultations;
- 6) to suggest a listing of necessary literature;
- 7) to undertake clinical and guidance that is methodological of student's work and conduct qualified consultations;
- 8) to monitor the progress of the thesis work additionally the observance of this diploma design routine;
- 9) to tell the relative mind for the department about significant deviations through the graduation task;
- 10) to sign the working task diploma design and other papers needed for admission to your defense of the thesis;
- 11) to produce the department with a written post on a finished thesis, having previously familiarized the writer with all the work;
- 12) to test the finished work
- 13) to aid the student get ready for public defense.
The liberties of the supervisor
The legal rights of this supervisor that is scientific:
- 1) to choose the themes of thesis and students for composing them in accordance with one's clinical passions;
- 2) to refuse supervising, having presented the reasoned conclusion about this course of this thesis design, not later than 30 days ahead of the end associated with the term associated with the thesis work;
- 3) to look for the means of conducting specific consultations;
- 4) to require the pupil to investigate or calculate a few choices for re solving particular dilemmas;
- 5) to wait the commission meeting and read aloud the feedback to a thesis.
Difficulties on _URL_ paper the thesis work
The most challenging and responsible moment in the student's diploma scientific studies are the interpretation for the experimental data obtained together with formula for the main conclusions. Consequently, without depriving the student of self-reliance, the supervisor should help pupil to understand outcomes of the job, and put the accents that are necessary sum up the main outcomes of the thesis task.
The student should be aware that the writer of the thesis himself is responsible for the choices produced in the task and also for the correctness of all of the calculations, since thesis is primarily a separate work of the student. In this respect, guidelines of a supervisor ought not to rise above the restrictions. Therefore, the guidelines of the manager aren't considered mandatory for the graduate pupil, if they are perhaps not included to your assignment for the amount project, and students can defend the utilize his perspective.
The report on a manager can be an crucial component of a thesis
The supervisor's reaction to the thesis work is built in an arbitrary type. It provides a description associated with the ongoing work, which indicates:
- 1. Communication associated with content regarding the strive to the chosen topic and function;
- 2. Characteristic of this structural components of the task;
- 3. Scientific level, completeness and quality regarding the theme development;
- 4. Amount of independency, personal imagination, effort;
- 5. Capability to work with literature, make calculations, analyze, summarize, and work out clinical and conclusions that are practical
- 6. Systematic, literate presentation, capacity to design materials;
- 7. Practical significance, the chance of utilizing materials in management generally training.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Fujitsu develops facial detection AI to quantify concentration levels of people
It has touted that the technology can detect concentration across various tasks.
Fujitsu has developed a new AI model that it claims can capture and quantify how much a person is concentrating when performing tasks.
Conventionally, AI models that are designed to quantify concentration have been created by training algorithms to recognise the expressions and behaviours of people performing specific tasks, such as e-learning, Fujitsu explained.
Facial Recognition with business man
But since facial expressions and behaviour differ depending on the tasks involved and the cultural background in which each person grew up, this meant that it has been difficult to develop AI models that could analyse different, specific situations, the company said.
With its new AI model, Fujitsu claimed that it can detect a person's concentration across various tasks due to it identifying common features and separating analysis by each muscle group so it does not become easily influenced by the subjects' cultural backgrounds.
"The technology captures changes over a short period of a few seconds, such as a tense mouth, and long-term changes over periods of tens of seconds, such as staring intently, with time frames optimised for each action unit," Fujitsu said.
When building the AI model, Fujitsu collected data from 650 people across China, Japan, and the United States as part of its machine learning dataset. The dataset included information focused on people engaging in tasks, like memorisation and searching, that require concentration.
Using the newly developed AI model, the concentration levels of participants in each country was estimated for a series of tasks, and it was possible to estimate the degree of concentration with more than 85% accuracy, Fujitsu claimed.
In addition, when the developed AI model was evaluated using data that included both concentration and non-concentration due to drowsiness, Fujitsu said it was able to confirm declines in concentration due to sleepiness indicators.
Fujitsu hopes the latest AI model can be applied across various services such as online classes, online meetings, and sales activities, which have expanded due to the uptick of remote learning and working.
Across the globe, organisations such as the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) have condemned the use of faulty facial recognition systems. In a blog post last year, ACLU senior staff attorney Ashley Gorski said: "Over the last couple years, it's become increasingly clear that facial recognition technology doesn't work well, and would be a civil liberties and privacy nightmare even if it did."
Meanwhile, the Council of Europe published new guidelines at the start of the year that criticised the deployment of facial recognition technologies in workplace and learning contexts.
The watchdog advised that where the technology is used exclusively to determine an individual's skin colour, religious belief, sex, ethnic origin, age, health or social status, the use of facial recognition should be prohibited, unless it can be shown that its deployment is necessary and proportionate.
Under the same conditions, the Council of Europe said the ban should also apply to digital tools that can recognise emotions, detect personality traits, or mental health conditions, as they could be used unfairly in hiring processes or to determine access to insurance and education.
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scdebug: The Sculptor debug program
The Sculptor debug program is called scdebug. It enables a compiled program to be executed in a controlled fashion, stepping through the program code line by line.
Breakpoints can be set, specifing points where program execution is to halt and control to return to the debug program.
The user can view the current function stack, or the current value of any field, including data dictionary fields, temporary variables and Sculptor system variables, at any point during program execution, thereby tracing program flow and isolating bugs. The value of a field can be changed at run time.
Multiple source code files are supported, and the user may move rapidly and easily around and between source files.
Debug settings, including breakpoints and a list of watched fields, may be saved at the end of a session.
Another aid to debugging Sculptor programs is the dbgmsg program, which displays user-defined debug messages in a table.
Command line syntax
Files and directories created by scdebug
Toolbar options
Program state
Watched fields
Terminating the debug program


Often asked: The World's Largest Mountain Range, Which Is Found In South Asia.?
What is the highest mountain range in South Asia?
1. The Himalaya Mountains, the Highest Mountain Range. The Himalayan mountain range is the highest in South Asia. It separates India from the rest of Asia andis the home of the main rivers that are responsible for providing water to a large part of the subcontinent India.
What is the biggest mountain range in Asia?
The Longest Mountain Ranges in Asia
Rank Mountain Range Length (Km)
1 Kunlun Mountains 3,000
2 Tian Shan 2,900
3 Ural Mountains 2,500
4 Himalaya 2,400
What is the name of the highest mountain in South Asia and the world?
Asia: Mount Everest Mount Everest, the highest mountain in Asia and the world, stands on the crest of the Great Himalayas of southern Asia that lies on the border between Nepal and the Tibet Autonomous Region of China.
You might be interested: How Tall Is The Average Mountain?
Are one of the highest mountain ranges in the world located in South Asia?
South Asia's Himalaya Mountains are the highest in the world, soaring to over 8,800 meters (29,000 feet).
What is the longest river in South Asia?
The longest river in South Asia is the Indus River at close to 2,000 miles long. At a very close second place is the Brahmaputra River at about 1,800
What are the mountains in South Asia?
The Himalaya, Karakorum, and Hindu Kush mountain ranges separate the South Asian subcontinent from the rest of Asia.
Who are the top 5 highest mountain range in Asia?
Top 10 Mountain Ranges in Asia
Range Countries Highest Point
Himalayas Nepal, India, China, Bhutan Mount Everest (8,848m)
Karakoram Pakistan, India, China, Afghanistan and Tajikistan K2 (8,611m)
Hindu Kush Afghanistan and Pakistan Tirich Mir (7,690m)
Ural Mountains Russia and Kazakhstan Mount Narodnaya (1,895m)
Which is the longest mountain in the world?
Rank Range Continent
1 Andes South America
2 Southern Great Escarpment Africa
3 Rocky Mountains North America
4 Transantarctic Mountains Antarctica
What country has the most mountain belts?
Most Mountainous Countries 2021
Rank Country 2021 Population
1 China 1,444,216,107
2 India 1,393,409,038
3 United States 332,915,073
4 Indonesia 276,361,783
What are the 7 highest peaks in the world?
What is the easiest of the 7 summits?
Mount Kosciusko, Australia is the easiest and cheapest of the Seven Summits. With its low elevation of 7,310 ft, gradual slopes, and mild climate it is widely considered the easiest climb on the list. The hike itself is about 16 miles and can be strenuous, but is more of a scramble hike than a mountain climb.
You might be interested: Often asked: How Much Do Bernese Mountain Dogs Shed?
Where are the two highest points in Asia located?
Three other entries of partially recognized countries with highest points in Asia are listed and ranked in Italic. For more details see List of states with limited recognition. List of highest points of Asian countries.
Rank 1
Country China
Highest point Mount Everest
Elevation 8,848 m (29,029 ft)
What are the mountains in Asia called?
Name Country Highest mountain
Himalaya Nepal, Bhutan, China, India, Pakistan Mount Everest
Hindu Kush Afghanistan, Pakistan Tirich Mir
Japanese Alps *Hida Mountains *Kiso Mountains *Akaishi Mountains Japan Mount Hotaka Mount Kisokoma Mount Kita
Kabir Kuh Iran, Iraq Kan Seifi
Where is Mt Everest located?
Mount Everest, located in Nepal and Tibet, is usually said to be the highest mountain on Earth. Reaching 29,029 feet at its summit, Everest is indeed the highest point above global mean sea level—the average level for the ocean surface from which elevations are measured.
Which religion is the most widely practiced in South Asia?
Asia is noted for its diversity of culture. Islam and Hinduism are the largest religions in Asia with approximately 1.2 billion adherents each. Eastern Asia.
Country South Korea
Buddhist % 22.90
Folk religion Pop. 385,440
% 0.80
Other religion Pop. 96,360
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text:
Wisconsin soldiers who served in the Black Hawk War (1832)
Wisconsin Muster Rolls from the Black Hawk War, 1832
During the Black Hawk War against the Sauk and Fox Indians, residents of Wisconsin were assembled into local militia, regular U.S. Army troops were deployed from St. Louis, and fighting units of Menominee and Potawatomi warriors were organized under white leadership. The lists linked below show the names of all soldiers in the 18 companies of "Iowa" militia [i.e., Iowa Co, Michigan Territory; present-day southwestern Wisconsin], plus the Menominee and Potawatomie units and one militia company raised at Green Bay. Not included here are soldiers from the militia of other states or in the regular U.S. Army; the Illinois State Archives lists soldiers from that state.
The rosters of 18 companies of Iowa Co. volunteers are listed first, followed by three Menominee and two Potawatomi companies, and finally by the single company of Green Bay militia. Altogether they total about 600 names on 67 pages.
The original muster rolls from which these typed versions were made are in the records of the General Accounting Office (Record Group 217) at the National Archives in Washington, D.C., misfiled under "Iowa." These lists were created as soldiers mustered out at the end of the conflict; occasional footnotes contain supplemental information from a parallel set of payroll records for each unit. The originals have not been microfilmed, and are published here for the first time. These transcriptions were made by Wisconsin Historical Society genealogical librarian James L. Hansen in 1980. They may be browsed in the left-hand frame of the viewer, and individual names may be searched in the box directly above it.
Territory to Statehood|
The Black Hawk War
Treaty Councils, from Prairie du Chien to Madeline Island
|Creator: ||U.S. General Accounting Office.
|Pub Data: ||Unpublished typescript of original muster rolls in the records of the General Accounting Office (Record Group 217) at the National Archives in Washington, D.C.
|Citation: ||"Wisconsin Muster Rolls from the Black Hawk War, 1832." Typescript of original muster rolls in the records of the General Accounting Office (Record Group 217) at the National Archives in Washington, D.C.
Online facsimile at:
Visited on: 5/18/2013

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Names of people enslaved in Virginia, pulled from some of the Virginia Historical Society 's 8 million documents, have been compiled into Unknown No Longer, a searchable database now available to the public.
The online tool includes more than 1,500 names found in letters, wills, court records and other sources. Each name is connected to a digital copy of the original document in which it was found. Society spokeswoman Jennifer Guild said the work of extracting the information began more than a year ago.
"It is possible these names have never been seen before," she said. "This is the first time we have published them."
The database can be searched by keywords such as name, occupation and plantation. "For instance, if all you knew was your great-great-great-grandmother was named Ann and she had been a slave in Virginia, that is enough to begin a search with this database," Guild said. "Or, if all you have is a plantation name, you go to that name and you will find what we have on the slaves who lived there."
It is a continuing work: the society will add new information to the database as it continues to go through the 8 million documents in its collection.
This is the society's first database that specifically compiles names of enslaved people from Virginia and is taken from their own materials. In the past, all that was available to anyone searching the society's holdings online was a list of the titles of books or other published material that contained slave-related information; anyone wanting to know more about what those papers contained would have to go to the society to do the research.


Readers ask: Learning How To Publish An Online Magazine?
How do I publish an online magazine?
How To Publish Your Magazine Online
 1. Turn it into a website.
 2. Publish it as a downloadable PDF.
 3. Embed it using SlideShare.
 4. Use a third-party magazine hosting app.
 5. Conclusion.
Do online magazines make money?
Online publications generate revenue through banner ads, click-per-pay programs, links, affiliate programs, mailing lists and editorial opportunities. The publisher can sell its own banner ads directly to advertisers or use a program such as Google's AdSense, allowing the program to place ads on e-zine pages.
How can I publish a magazine online for free?
 1. 3 tools to publish a free magazine online. Home | Blog | Digital Publication | 3 tools to publish a free magazine online.
 2. ISSUU. ISSUU is quite versatile as they're not only focused on publishing digital magazines.
 3. PaperLit.
 4. Joomag.
How much does it cost to start an online magazine?
You might be interested: FAQ: What Is The Same In Online And Face To Face Learning?
How do you start an online magazine and make money?
In this post we'll cover 5 ways you can turn a profit with your online magazine.
 1. Use display advertising. As with traditional magazines, ads play a big role in funding e-magazines.
 2. Try native advertising.
 3. Make an app.
 4. Become a subscription service.
 5. Ask for donations.
How do I start an online magazine business?
How to Start an Online Magazine
 1. Pick a topic for your magazine.
 2. Do research to find out if there's a market for your idea.
 3. Think of a title for your magazine that includes search-engine optimized keywords.
 4. Get an Internet domain name.
 5. Decide if you're going to hire someone to design your website or if you're going to do it yourself.
Are magazines still profitable?
How do magazines make most of their money answers?
How do I publish an issue?
Publishing to Issuu for Digital Distribution
 1. Click on Publish in the top navigation menu.
 2. Add the title of your publication, a short description and the original publishing date of the document.
 3. Under Access, you can choose to make your document public or keep it unlisted.
 4. Choose whether to make your publication available for downloading.
Is issuu legal?
You do not need to worry about whether is Issuu legal. (If you would not have already guessed it: Issuu is legal – so continue reading to find out how Issuu works). Issuu, a Joomag alternative, will simply take those PDF files and convert them into flash readable content publications.
You might be interested: Question: How Is Online Learning Different From Bricks And Mofar Learning?
How do I start a small local magazine?
While starting a magazine might seem like too daunting an enterprise to attempt, it can be done with some careful planning and dedication.
 1. Do market research.
 2. Create a business plan that explains the ins and outs of your magazine.
 3. Get the content.
 4. Create the magazine on your computer.
 5. Lay out the content.
What is the number 1 magazine in the world?
What are the 3 types of magazines?
This guide offers an introduction to the three main types of periodicals –scholarly, trade, and popular–and ways to distinguish among them.
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text:
Harness your inner Greek scholar and approach this math puzzle logically
Inspired by the great Greek philosopher Aristotle, whose works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, the aim of this puzzle is to make every row add up to 38. This will take a very logical mind, indeed – there are fifteen rows in all directions to complete, top to bottom as well as diagonally. Each is made up of three, four or five pieces. This brilliant mathematical concept allows you to complete the puzzle by using every number from one to nineteen.
Challenging, sophisticated and beautifully designed, this antique finish wooden puzzle seamlessly merges math and logic into a fitting tribute to the founder of Western science and philosophy. While this puzzle wasn't invented by Aristotle, it's not hard to imagine that it would have piqued his interest!
Antique finish wooden puzzle measures 5" x 5".
WARNING: CHOKING HAZARD – Small parts. Not for children under 3 years.


Oracle Fusion Middleware Evaluation Guide for Oracle Directory Server Enterprise Edition
Overview of the Commands
The DSEE includes the following tools to facilitate command-line management of the server:
On a Solaris package installation, these commands are located in /opt/SUNWdsee7/bin by default.
Some administrative operations, such as starting and stopping a server instance, require a local agent. For the command line, the local agent is the command itself. The dsadm and dpadm commands run locally because they require the server to be offline or they require specific system rights. For example, if you use the dsadm command to change a certificate, the server can be running but the operation needs to be executed by a privileged user.
You can use the DSEE CLI to administer and configure your directory remotely. You can run the dsconf and dpconf commands remotely to create suffixes, server instances, and indexes. These commands use LDAP authentication, so you do not need a local user on your machine, although the server instance itself must be running.


text:
Britain's largest female sculpture 英國最大的女性雕塑
用來 「describing art 描述藝術品」 的詞彙
The statue was based on a character from a Shakespeare play. Which play?
Surfing into Plymouth on the morning tide, 『Messenger', as she's known, struck an incongruous and imposing figure.
這座被稱作 「信使」 的雕塑正乘著早潮駛向普利茅斯，雖然她看上去有些突兀，但外表卻威風凜凜。
The statue has been created using both ancient and modern techniques. She's assembled from cast bronze segments formed using robots and computer-aided design. Her stance is based on an actor rehearsing for the Shakespearean play, Othello.
Joseph Hiller, Sculptor
If you think about most statues and Victorian statues in towns, they're of men standing motionless. She's very dynamic and, you know, that's something I was very keen to capture.
Once 『Messenger' was safely delivered by sea, she then took to the air and was lifted onto dry land ready to take her place outside the Theatre Royal and at the centre of Plymouth's cultural ambitions.
一旦 「信使」 沿海路被安全地運到目的地，隨即會升空，並送上陸地，準備在皇家劇院外的普利茅斯文化中心安家。
Adrian Vinken, Chief Executive, Theatre Royal, Plymouth
Just look at her. She is beautiful – she will make an impact on the city and hopefully people will come for many years to come to see her because she is rather special.
Originally based on the character Bianca, a courtesan in Othello, the subject matter has led to some bemusement in the city. But as she takes up her permanent place outside the theatre, it's hoped she will become a magnet for visitors and Plymothians alike – A 『Messenger' that will be heard far and wide.
這座雕塑的題材最初基於《奧賽羅》中的交際花 「比安卡」，這讓市民們感到有些困惑。但人們希望她在劇院外安家之後，能成為吸引遊客和普利茅斯人的一道風景線，做一位聲名遠颺的 「信使」。
It was based on the character Bianca, from Shakespeare's play, Othello.


text: The role of bats as potential sources of transmission to humans or as maintenance hosts of leptospires is poorly understood. We quantified the prevalence of leptospiral colonization in bats in the Peruvian Amazon in the vicinity of Iquitos, an area of high biologic diversity. Of 589 analyzed bats, culture (3 of 589) and molecular evidence (20 of 589) of leptospiral colonization was found in the kidneys, yielding an overall colonization rate of 3.4%. Infection rates differed with habitat and location, and among different bat species. Bayesian analysis was used to infer phylogenic relationships of leptospiral 16S ribosomal DNA sequences. Tree topologies were consistent with groupings based on DNA-DNA hybridization studies. A diverse group of leptospires was found in peri-Iquitos bat populations including Leptospira interrogans (5 clones), L. kirschneri (1), L. borgpetersenii (4), L. fainei (1), and two previously undescribed leptospiral species (8). Although L. kirschenri and L. interrogans have been previously isolated from bats, this report is the first to describe L. borgpetersenii and L. fainei infection of bats. A wild animal reservoir of L. fainei has not been previously described. The detection in bats of the L. interrogans serovar Icterohemorrhagiae, a leptospire typically maintained by peridomestic rats, suggests a rodent-bat infection cycle. Bats in Iquitos maintain a genetically diverse group of leptospires. These results provide a solid basis for pursuing molecular epidemiologic studies of bat-associated Leptospira, a potentially new epidemiologic reservoir of transmission of leptospirosis to humans.


text:
Study on Rajamangala University of Technology PhraNakhon cafeteria wastewater treatment in alternating flooding and drying soil with 3 plant species system
MetadataShow full item record
The experiment was in a type of 4 experimental wells with the size of width x length x height was equal to 0.5x1x 0.5 meters including the experimental well which had plants of Colocasiaesculenta (L.)Schott, PandanusamaryllifoliusRoxb and Canna indica Linn, and the rest was the control well without any plants. The time period of Alternating 5 days flooding and 2 days drying Soil. The parameter studied included BOD value, suspended solids, Total KjeldahlNitrogen, Total Phosphorus, pH and Oil and Grease. The research result found that the experimental well which had Colocasiaesculenta (L.)Schott, PandanusamaryllifoliusRoxb and Canna indica Linn had the effectiveness in wastewater treatment higher than the control well without any plants. After treatment with the control well without any plants the experimental which had plants of Colocasiaesculenta (L.)Schott,PandanusamaryllifoliusRoxb and Canna indicaLinn with the romoval percentage of BOD value at 22.66, 69.93, 63.48 and 76.37 respectively.Suspended Solids at 22.66, 69.93, 63.48 and 76.37 respectively.TotalKjeldahl Nitrogen at 26.41, 68.67, 64.21 and 72.99 respectively.Total Phosphorus at 52.26, 81.69,75.73and79.88respectively.pHat6.42, 6.55,6.64and 6.88 respectively.Oil and Grease at 62.08, 78.75, 76.47 and 80.39respectively.
- Student Projects


Creating restore specifications
Contributors Download PDF of this page
The restore specification file is an XML file that contains the original and alternate locations from which the file can be restored. SnapManager uses this specification file to restore files from the specified location.
You can create the restore specification file by using any text editor. You must use a .xml extension for the file.
 1. Open a text file.
 2. Enter the following: <restore-specification xmlns="_URL_">
 3. Enter any file mapping information using the format shown in the following example:
 <file-mapping>
 <original-location>/path/dbfilename.dbf</original-location>
 <alternate-location>/path/dbfilename1.dbf</alternate-location>
 </file-mapping>
 File mapping specifies where a file is restored from. The original location is the location of the file on the active file system at the time of backup. The alternate location is the location from where the file is restored.
 4. Enter any mounted file system mapping information using the format shown in the example:
 <mountpoint-mapping>
 <original-location>/path/db_name</original-location>
 <snapname>snapname</snapname>
 <alternate-location>/path/vaultlocation</alternate-location>
 </mountpoint-mapping>
 <mountpoint-mapping>
 <original-location>+DiskGroup_1</original-location>
 <snapname>snapname</snapname>
 <alternate-location>+DiskGroup_2</alternate-location>
 </mountpoint-mapping>
 Mountpoint refers to directory path /mnt/myfs/)or an Automatic Storage Management (ASM) disk group mountpoint (for example, +MY_DG). The mountpoint mapping specifies the mountpoint from which the files are restored. The original location is the location of the mountpoint in the active file system at the time of backup. The alternate location is the mountpoint from which the files in the original location are restored. The snapname is the name of the Snapshot copy in which the original files were backed up.
 For ASM, the disk group name must be the same as the disk group that SnapManager cloned to register the backup with RMAN. This name can be obtained by viewing the backup properties.
 Note The Snapshot copy name is a necessary component because the same file system can be used multiple times in a single backup operation (for example, once for the data files and once for the logs).
 5. Enter raw device mapping tags and locations using the format shown in the example:
 <raw-device-mapping>
 <original-location>/path/raw_device_name</original-location>
 <alternate-location>/path/raw_device_name</alternate-location>
 </raw-device-mapping>
 Raw device mapping specifies the location from which a raw device is restored.
 6. Enter the following: </restore-specification>
 7. Save the file as a .xml file and close the specification.
Restore specification example
The following example shows the restore specification structure:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<restore-specification xmlns="_URL_">
<!-- "Restore from file(s)" -->
 <file-mapping>
 <original-location>/mnt/pathname/dbname/users01.dbf</original-location>
 <alternate-location>/mnt/vault/users01.dbf</alternate-location>
 </file-mapping>
<!-- "Restore from host mounted file system(s)" -->
 <mountpoint-mapping>
 <original-location>/mnt/pathname/dbname/fs</original-location>
 <snapname>Snapshotname</snapname>
 <alternate-location>/mnt/vaultlocation</alternate-location>
 </mountpoint-mapping>
<!-- "Restore from ASM mounted file system(s)" -->
 <mountpoint-mapping>
 <original-location>+DISKGROUP_1</original-location>
 <snapname>snapshotname</snapname>
 <alternate-location>+DISKGROUP_2</alternate-location>
 </mountpoint-mapping>
<!-- "Restore from raw device" -->
 <raw-device-mapping>
 <original-location>/pathname/devicename</original-location>
 <alternate-location>/pathname/devicename</alternate-location>
 </raw-device-mapping>
</restore-specification>


Finishing: The Science of Ironing
finishing science of ironing
ABOVE: An overview of three ironers operating in a plant that processes primarily hospitality goods.
Keeping ironers optimized from a utilization and maintenance perspective is the best way to realize an ROI from a textile finishing line. As we review the science behind the ironing process, a simple model (Figure 1: Ironing Pie®) is used to depict the four major variables that dictate capability. This article will explain the science behind these components. Although brief, this description of the "Ironing Pie" is an important concept to understand. It is critical that laundry operators understand the relationship between each piece, so that they can properly establish formulas for processing linens in an efficient and cost-effective manner.
the ironing pieThe four Ironing Pie components; temperature, moisture content, pressure and time are shown as equals only as a point of reference. Equal and balanced distribution of the four elements is not the case in a true ironing application.
Heat inarguably has the single-most direct impact on an ironer's ability to press fabric. Heat as a variable must be valued as the chest surface working temperature. The most common temperature range is from 325°–365°F ([162°–185°C] ideal operating range based on the heat source and the melt points of various blended materials). The most common form of ironer heat energy is steam, given that most laundry facilities already have boilers and the capacity to support the steam demands of the ironer (it should be noted that steam boilers run more efficiently when they have the proper load placed on them). Steam ironers tend to operate in the 325°–340°F (162-171°C) range, while thermal fluid heated units can operate at higher temperatures. Variations in chest temperatures during production can result in poor ironed quality with damp/wet items exiting the ironer, while prolonged exposure to extreme high temperatures can damage items.
This magnifies the importance of having a consistent moisture content in the linens as they are presented to the finishing lines. By doing so, established formulas will provide consistent quality and production output.
When establishing formula operating temperatures, it's recommended to consult your linen provider for guidance on how to properly care for your items. Knowing the items' maximum recommended exposure for temperature is always an important point to consider. The most common configuration is to operate the ironer as hot as possible and adjust line speed to control an item's exposure to heat.
Once an ironer's maximum operating temperature is established, any reduction in chest-surface temperatures will increase the time required for the items to be under pressure, resulting in slower line speeds. To offset operating at a slower line speed, other pieces of the Ironing Pie must be addressed. You can reduce the items' moisture content by increasing your extraction times, or extraction time under pressure (depending on how the linens are washed in conventional washer/ extractors, or if they are processed in batch tunnels). Additionally, you can positively influence line speeds to address higher moisture content by adding additional rolls/surface area to your ironer.
Moisture Content is a key component in the Ironing Pie. It starts as a weighted comparison of a linen's ability to retain moisture after undergoing processing through a press or washer/extractor cycle. This is achieved by weighing dry linens before being washed and again after the linens have been processed as delivered to the finishing line ready for ironing. Moisture content can then be calculated by following the formula below:
ironing news story
It's recommended that items contain 30%-40% moisture content before ironing. Adhering to this guideline will help ensure a quality ironed finish, while minimizing linen damage. It's true that a reduction in an item's moisture content is directly related to increased processing line speed under temperature as noted above. But fully dried items should not be processed through an ironer. Attempting to achieve lower extraction percentages might not be practical as a scale of diminishing returns will occur with no value added. Every site is different and each needs to qualify its own capabilities for this measure. When a site is having issues controlling moisture content, pre-conditioning loads in a dryer is another process that operators can consider. What's important is to develop a process of producing repeatable moisture content for items processed on the front end of the finishing line. Items exiting the ironer should maintain 2-3% moisture content, as this will allow smooth folds and preserve the life of the fibers, while reducing the creation of lint and static electricity. Items ironed fully dry without moisture retention present are prone to fiber damage, excessive accumulation of lint and the creation of high levels of static electricity. Increased front-end item moisture content will increase the amount of time required for an item to be under pressure, resulting in slower line speeds, which decreases throughput. To offset the impact of slower line speeds, increasing chest temperature and the contact area under pressure will help restore line speed. When chest temperature is operating at the highest potential for output, preconditioning select items has the potential to reduce moisture content, inversely restoring an ironing line's capability for throughput. It should be noted that discharging items with elevated moisture content will typically result in poor fold quality, folding equipment jams and unplanned operational downtime. Also, it can present a hygienic liability as mold can grow on damp linens that are stored or packaged for shipment to the end user.
The Ironing Pie defines pressure as the location where the padded roll applies pressure onto a sheet against a deep chest simultaneously. There are two components to pressure: The first is the surface area under pressure, which is dictated by the size of the roll utilized and the number or rolls with which the ironer is configured. The other pressure variable is the applied surface physical force between an ironer roll and its respective chest surface. The first pressure variable is established at the time of equipment purchase, often within the customer bid specification, which defines specific site-configuration factors and performance throughput. Ironer OEMs are best suited to provide guidance in sizing an ironer, since each manufacturer will understand the impact and limitation regarding the contact area under pressure and how their ironer will perform. It's debatable whether the use of this term might have been over-marketed. Simply put, an operator should look at the size of the ironing surface as a linear value and not the accumulative total area of square inches/centimeters. It's necessary to understand that the impact of the contact area under pressure is fixed to the number and size of rolls utilized. It is not recommended to leverage this value as the single qualifier for ironer performance, or to justify the purchase of similar-sized twoor three-roll ironers. Many additional factors require consideration (e.g., chest type, construction, design, number of rolls and size of rolls all need to be part of the selection process). Make sure to use all factored inputs to correctly define ironing needs. A good up-front purchasing decision establishes a flatwork line return on investment for years to come.
The Ironing Pie defines time as three different variables. The duration of time for each variable is site-specific and all are impacted by the factors identified in the Ironing Pie. They include:
 - Start Up Time
 - Production Time Under Pressure
 - Cool Down Time
Key input factors specific to ironer time are desired operating temperature, items processed, moisture content and contact pressures.
START UP TIME is the duration of time required to raise the temperature of the ironer from its current static or ambient temperature up to "hot" wax-ready operating temperature. This segment of time is directly dependent on the type of ironer, specifically its heat source with respect to starting chest temperatures. During this time most laundries will execute a wax procedure and will replace any missing guide ribbons so that when complete, the ironer is production ready.
PRODUCTION TIME UNDER PRESSURE is the segment of time when the ironer is hot at operational temperature and available to run flatwork production. This is when equipment utilization becomes a measurable, and where an ROI can be verified while looking for opportunities for improvement. A good approach is to tune the ironer line speed for sustainable site operations that is item-specific for predictable, repeatable results. During the utilization review, note all identified shortcomings. Some can be resolved as tuning opportunities, while others may be fixed constraints requiring a more complex series of solutions. A good objective should be to keep the ironer chest covered with items and processing with minimal gaps. Items should exit the ironer with 2%-3% moisture retention to prevent static electricity, producing a quality ironed, wrinkle-free appearance. Avoid attempting to configure line speeds to operate beyond the slowest piece of equipment or at full boiler capacity. Some cushion is required to absorb momentary changes in the plantoperating environment. Time under pressure is the amount of time that the ironer roll is pressing items into a hot chest. This value has a direct relationship to the amount of fixed contact area under pressure. The longer this linear contact pressure distance is, the less time under pressure is required to iron. Other factors that can impact time under pressure are fabrics. For example, 100% cotton will require more time under pressure than a cotton/poly blend or microfiber.
COOL DOWN TIME is the time period to lower the temperature of the ironer from operating speeds down to cooler "touchsafe" temperatures. It's obvious that cool down times will be affected by operating temperature and the type of medium used to heat the ironer, as well as the size of the ironer itself. Even if your daily operations never fully shut down laundry boilers, it's important to qualify the time required to cool the system for servicing the unit and restarting.


text:
The Hudson River Estuary, a stretch of the Hudson River from Troy, N.Y. to its mouth in New York Harbor, has begun a new stage of its life say geologists at Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and Queens College in Flushing, N.Y. Researchers at both institutions have found that, aside from a few very specific locations, the estuary may have largely stopped filling in with new sediment.
"The Hudson has gone through many stages of evolution," said Cecilia M. G. McHugh, the lead scientist on the study being published in an upcoming issue of the journal Geology. "Now it's entering a new phase." Some new deposits are being laid down as a result of annual rise in sea level, McHugh continued, but on the whole, the river is at equilibrium.
Every year the Hudson tributaries to the north discharge sand and silt into the river. The sand is trapped around islands and shoals near Kingston, while the silt washes down into the Hudson River Estuary, filling areas where scouring or dredging has occurred. Most of the silt is being trapped in a section of the river near the George Washington Bridge known as the Estuarine Turbidity Maximum (ETM). A small amount of silt is also being washed out to areas around the mouth of the Lower New York Bay.
The valley that the Hudson River occupies is a deep gouge in the bedrock that geologists believe was formed over the course of tens of millions of years. During the last glacial maximum nearly 18,000 years ago, the valley was filled with ice from the Laurentide glacier. As the glacier receded, ice and melt water formed a series of interconnected lakes in the valley that eventually merged to form the Hudson River. The valley filled with river sediments for nearly 3,000 years until sea level rose and the river merged with the encroaching Atlantic Ocean forming the Hudson River Estuary.
The estuary, the section of river where river and ocean water mix and that rises and falls with the tide, formed nearly 6,000 years ago. In places, sediment deposits beneath the estuary are more than 700 feet thick. Previously it was thought that this process of sedimentation was continuing today.
However, McHugh and her colleagues believe that accumulation ceased some time in the last 3,000 – 1,000 years. The researchers examined more than 100 two-meter-long sediment cores taken from the estuary and bay as well as high-resolution sonar and seismic imagery of the bottom. They found that the current rate of sedimentation in the estuary as a whole is approximately 1mm per year--about the same rate as sea level rise, which, together with scouring or dredging are the only processes that are providing space for new sediment in much of the estuary.
Of the estimated 1.2 million to 5.6 million metric tons of silt and fine sediment that wash into the river each year, about 300,000 metric tons is trapped in the ETM--the place where friction between seawater and river water creates turbulence that causes fine sediment to drop out of suspension. Currently, the ETM is centered roughly at the George Washington Bridge, but its daily position is influenced by the tides and the strength of the river current. If sea level ever stopped or reversed, said McHugh, the ETM could push all the way out into the mouth of the river and we could see the formation of an entirely new feature--a Hudson River Delta.
About 50,000 metric tons of fine sediment is trapped every year in bays and bends of the river as well as on the river bottom in the Hudson Highlands where the river is narrow and most of the natural scouring occurs. In many places, only scouring of the river bottom caused by current and tides or human dredging is creating space for an appreciable amount to accumulate. As a result, said McHugh, these localized areas of new accumulation offer the potential for pollution to concentrate, creating toxic "hot spots" in the river bottom. A small amount of sediment carried by the Hudson is flushed out into the Lower New York Bay and settles at Sandy Hook Bay in New Jersey, where it accumulates at a rate of about 5mm per year.
McHugh said she had a flash of insight several years ago that something about the river must have changed when she saw sediment cores that displayed unusual scouring marks at the top and found localized accumulations of new sediment next to large expanses of old sediment. "That's when I thought of the Hudson as a bathtub filled with sand," she said. "Only if it's scoured out can you fill it with new material."
Source: Eurekalert & othersLast reviewed: By John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on 21 Feb 2009
Published on PsychCentral.com. All rights reserved.
Faith in oneself... is the best and safest course.


IBM Rational Change: Highlight on the ListBox "Any" default value
Technote (troubleshooting)
Every ListBox created (or already present by default) in the IBM Rational Change's "ListBox Manager" is supposed to have a default value, commonly called "Any".
This document gives better understanding on the impact of modifying this default value, and gives general guidelines on how to fix your database if this value is missing or inconsistent.
The following situations are clarified below:
 - If your Listboxes don't display the value "Any"
 - If you have changed your default value but still see "Any" in your Listboxes
 - If you see both values ("Any" and your new default value)
 - If some of your Listboxes show one of the symptoms above, and some other ListBoxes inconsistently how another one of the symptoms above.
Every value present in a ListBox is read from the file "pt_listbox.cfg", which doesn't get modified if you edit the file "pt.cfg" that contains the default value "Any".
Therefore, your ListBoxes might not necessarily reflect the changes you made to your default value.
Resolving the problem
Please note that the information present in this Technote is not meant to help you customize IBM Rational Change.
This is only a general highlight on Change's default value, meant at helping you fix your ListBoxes (and the underlying database attributes) if you mistakenly damaged them.
This information has been tested with IBM Rational Change patch 07, but most likely applies to the whole 5.x generation.
1. What is the default value?
The "default" value may also be called the "undefined" value.
It is the value that will be displayed and selected in an IBM Rational Change ListBox if the corresponding attribute was actually not given any of the "real" values also present in the ListBox.
2. The default value is mandatory
By default, Rational Change offers the default value "Any". You should see that value in every single ListBox.
When you use Change's ListBox Manager (as an administrator), Change doesn't allow you:
- to remove it
- to duplicate it
3. How does Change identify the default value?
 3.1. When you are in the ListBox Manager
 Change compares the ListBox entry that you are trying to modify with the default value defined in the file "pt.cfg" (as follows):
 If you change that value in the file, and then reload Change's configuration (admin interface --> "General" --> "Load"), then you will witness that Change immediately prevents you from tempering with that new default value in the ListBox Manager.
 You will also witness that you are now free to temper with the now-obsolete default value (e.g. "Any"), as it now has no particular meaning.
 CAUTION: You might witness a few glitches while you use the ListBox manager, during the transition (as you are not supposed to act this way):
 For example, you might witness that all entries of that ListBox get actually deleted when you save them, until Change finds again that your ListBox contains consistent values, especially the default value. Therefore, act carefully if you find yourself in the situation described above.
 3.2. When you are in Change (user interface)
 We assume the admin has reloaded Change's configuration (admin interface --> "General" --> "Load").
 Then Change will display in each ListBox the values it has read from pt_listbox.cfg (which defines every ListBox). (Exception: Dependent listboxes are generated "on the fly", therefore you might immediately observe any change made in either pt_listbox.cfg or pt.cfg).
 The default value is considered to be the very first entry of the ListBox, whatever it may be (that is, the entry with id 0).
 That is because:
 - As explained earlier, a default value is always expected to be present in each ListBox.
 - On an HTTP form, a "listbox" is always set to one of the values it contains. It can't be set to "blank".
 3.3. In the underlying Synergy/Informix database
 For optimisation reasons, Change simply does not save an attribute that has an undefined (that is, "default") value. If you run queries on a CR, you will see that it does not contain any of the undefined attributes.
 Symmetrically, an attribute that is expected in a CR but is found not to exist in the database, will be considered by Change as "undefined", and will therefore be rendered with the "default" value.
 Note: You might still witness such output in your event.log file, but it's only to make the information more readable. If the attribute is undefined, then it does not exist in the database.
4. What inconsistencies should I be prepared to observe?
 4.1. An attribute I know as being set to "default" ("Any") still appears to be set to an actual value
 This is a direct consequence of 3.2.
 Ask yourself: "Is it the first ListBox entry?" - "Where has my expected default value, that should be the first entry, gone?").
 In reality, the attribute actually has no value (i.e. it has the default value), even though the very first ListBox entry seems to be selected.
 4.2. Some of my ListBoxes show one default value (e.g. "Any"), and some others show a different default value (e.g. "MyDefaultValue")
 See 3.2. for an explanation. Are some of them dependent ListBoxes?
 See 4.3 for a solution.
 4.3. I have changed my default value in pt.cfg, but not all my ListBoxes offer to select it
 That's because the ListBoxes entries are read from "pt_listbox.cfg", which is not necessarily re-generated after you modify "pt.cfg".
 You need to force Change to re-generate pt_listbox.cfg, so that every ListBox it contains has a default value matching the one from pt.cfg. Until that becomes true, you will find yourself in a dangerous state of inconsistency (see caution from 3.1).
 In order to do so, you can :
 a. Manually modify/add/remove some entries in the ListBox manager, as described in 3.1, until you end up with the entries you wish to see AND the new default value (re-read from pt.cfg by Change as you save your ListBox).
 As explained in 3.1, you might lose all your ListBox entries at some stage. But provided you remember what they should be, and provided you need change only a few ListBoxes, then this is a rather user-friendly fix.
 b. Edit pt_listbox.cfg and update the first entry of each ListBox to match the default value from pt.cfg.
 This is the cleanest and safest solution.
 4.4. The attributes in the Printer Friendly View don't have the same values as in the CR I'm viewing.
 This is a variation of 4.1.
 The Printer Friendly view is right.
 However the form you're currently watching displays flawed information, for the reason explained in 4.1.
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Study Guide
The Mill on the Floss Quiz
This Study Guide consists of approximately 134 pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - everything you need to sharpen your knowledge of The Mill on the Floss.
Directions: Click on the correct answer.
Questions 1-5 of 25:
What is Stephen Guest's first reaction to hearing that Maggie is coming to visit her cousin Lucy? (from Book 5: Chapter 7 | Book 6: Chapter 1)
When Stephen and Maggie end up in a boat alone together, who is supposed to be there instead of Stephen? (from Book 6: Chapter 12 | Book 6: Chapter 13)
Why does Mr. Wakem decide to buy the mill? (from Book 3: Chapter 7 | Book 3: Chapter 8)
Which part of the news about the family finances shocks Mr. Tulliver the most when he first regains his senses after the accident? (from Book 3: Chapter 7 | Book 3: Chapter 8)
Why does Philip begin to play the piano badly? (from Book 6: Chapter 6 | Book 6: Chapter 7)
The Mill on the Floss from BookRags and Gale's For Students Series. ©2005-2006 Thomson Gale, a part of the Thomson Corporation. All rights reserved.
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API: Read Flow Info of an Unlearned Flow
Stateful Flow Management
Platform
Napatech SmartNIC
Content Type
User Guide
Capture Software Version
Link™ Capture Software 12.8
Use this example to handle a flow info record.
Unlearned flow information
When a flow is unlearned i.e. removed from the flow table in the SmartNIC, information about the flow is generated. See Flow unlearning for more information about how a flow can be unlearned. A flow info record includes the following:
 - User-defined flow ID.
 - Number of bytes and frames received in the flow.
 - RX time stamp of the last frame in the flow.
 - Union of all TCP flags observed over the life of the flow.
 - Cause of the flow unlearning.
Note: TCP flags are collected either from the inner layer or the outer layer determined by the IpProtocol configuration in NTPL. If IpProtocol is set to Inner, inner layer TCP sessions are tracked. If it is set to Outer, outer layer TCP sessions are be tracked. If it is set to None (default), TCP sessions are not tracked.
Flow info record
A flow info record can be retrieved using the NT_FlowRead function with the NtFlowInfo_s structure. NtFlowInfo_s is defined as follows:
typedef struct NtFlowInfo_s {
 uint64_t packetsA;/*!< Packet counter for set A */
 uint64_t octetsA; /*!< Byte/octet counter for set A */
 uint64_t packetsB;/*!< Packet counter for set B */
 uint64_t octetsB; /*!< Byte/octet counter for set B */
 uint64_t ts; /*!< Time stamp in UNIX_NS format of last seen packet */
 uint64_t id; /*!< The 64-bit user-defined ID from the flow programming operation */
 uint16_t flagsA; /*!< Bitwise OR of TCP flags for packets in set A */
 uint16_t flagsB; /*!< Bitwise OR of TCP flags for packets in set B */
 uint8_t cause; /*!< Unlearn cause (0: Software, 1: Timeout, 2: TCP flow termination */
} NtFlowInfo_t;
Note: The flow info record of an unlearned flow is generated only if the gfi field of NtFlow_s was set to 1 when learning the flow. See API: Learn a Flow for more information about flow learning.
The associated flow can be identified using the id field which contains the user-defined flow identification. See Programming Key ID, key set ID and flow ID.
Two counter sets, A and B are supported. Two separate counter sets can be utilized handling counters for upstream traffic and downstream traffic individually for example. NtFlowInfo_s contains values for both counter sets. By default counter set A is used. It can be configured which counter set to be used using NTPL as shown in the following example.
Assign[StreamId=(0..3); Color=0; Descriptor=DYN4, ColorBits=FlowID] = Upstream and \\
 Key(kd, KeyID=1, CounterSet=CSA) == 4
Assign[StreamId=(0..3); Color=0; Descriptor=DYN4, ColorBits=FlowID] = Downstream and \\
 Key(kd, KeyID=1, FieldAction=Swap, CounterSet=CSB) == 4
In this example, counter set A is used for upstream traffic and counter set B is used for downstream traffic. See the full NTPL command example and descriptions in Flow Management over Network TAP Configuration.
The flagsA and flagsB fields contain nine 1-bit of flags (control bits) for a TCP flow. It can be utilized to track status changes of the TCP session.
The cause field contains what caused the flow unlearning operation. The returned value is one of the following:
 - 0: Unlearned by NT_FlowWrite in the application.
 - 1: Unlearned due to a timeout event because the flow was inactive during the defined period. The time can be configured using the FlowTimeOut parameter in /opt/napatech3/config/ntservice.ini. The default value is 120000 milliseconds as shown in the following example.
 FlowTimeOut = 120000 # 0 .. _PHONE_
 Note: Set FlowTimeOut to 0 to disable the timeout feature.
 - 2: Unlearned automatically when the TCP session was terminated. This applies to a TCP flow if the tau field of NtFlow_s was set to 1 when the flow was learned. See API: Learn a Flow.
Note: Automatic TCP flow unlearning can be controlled on a per-flow basis by setting the tau field of NtFlow_s when learning a flow. See API: Learn a Flow
Note: The IpProtocol parameter must be set to either Inner or Outer in NTPL commands to enable tracking of TCP sessions for automatic TCP flow unlearning. If IpProtocol is set to Inner, inner layer TCP sessions are tracked. If IpProtocol is set to Outer, outer layer TCP sessions are be tracked. If it is set to None (default), TCP sessions are not tracked, and TCP flows are not automatically unlearned.
Read flow info records of unlearned flows
The following code snippet shows how to read flow info records of unlearned flows.
 NtFlowInfo_t flowInfo;
 // For each element in the flow stream queue, print the flow info record.
 while(NT_FlowRead(flowStream, &flowInfo, 0) == NT_SUCCESS) {
 std::cout << "NT_FlowRead of flow ID " << flowInfo.id << std::endl
 << "CSA: Packages: " << flowInfo.packets_a
 << ", Octets: " << flowInfo.octets_a << std::endl
 << "CSB: Packages: " << flowInfo.packets_b
 << ", Octets: " << flowInfo.octets_b << std::endl
 << "Time stamp: " << flowInfo.ts << std::endl
 << "TCP flags A: " << flowInfo.flags_a
 << ", TCP flags B: " << flowInfo.flags_b << std::endl;
 switch(flowInfo.cause) {
 case 0: std::cout << "Unlearn cause: Software" << std::endl; break;
 case 1: std::cout << "Unlearn cause: Timeout" << std::endl; break;
 case 2: std::cout << "Unlearn cause: TCP flow termination" << std::endl; break;
 default: std::cout << "Unlearn cause: Not supported" << std::endl; break;
 }
 }
After a flow is unlearned, the SmartNIC delivers the flow info record to the host. Up to 65536 records can be stored in the host memory. If the host memory is full, new records from the SmartNIC will be dropped. It is therefore good practice calling NT_FlowRead until no more records are available as shown in this example.
Note: If receiving flow info records is not needed, set the gfi field of NtFlow_s to 0 when learning flows. See API: Learn a Flow.
Note: Flow info records are read from the same flow stream that originally learned the flows.


text:
Brief DescriptionCreate and design advertising for a tempting new pet food!
pets, propaganda, advertising
Advertisers know that the right combination of appealing gimmicks can bring out the buyer in every young person. In this lesson, students learn about the ways companies influence what people purchase in order to boost their own profits as they create and market their own pet food.
Begin this activity by sharing a newspaper, magazine, or other ad for a pet product. Ask the students to identify the target audience and discuss what effect the ad has on the group. Are the students interested in the product? Would they choose to purchase it for a family pet? What about the ad "works," and what might be changed to make it more attractive to young pet owners?
If you choose, visit the PBS site for kids called Don't Buy It. This site explains many of the techniques advertisers use to "fool" the public. Then introduce some of the classic ways ads work through the information provided by Propaganda Techniques. (Older students may read the material for themselves, while the information may serve as a guide for the teacher to share some important points with younger children.) Sources about propaganda from the school library might be used in place of these Internet resources.
Working in small groups, have students consider a new pet food product. Distribute copies of the Pet Pellets work sheet to guide their work. When students are prepared to create a "package" for their product, give them access to necessary art supplies and tools. Have the students share their advertising ideas and products with the whole group. Have them identify the types of propaganda used by the various groups in their original advertising.
Collect handouts for evaluation. All submissions should be complete and reflect adequate thought and development. Also collect student-created prototype packages. Display with the work sheets if desired.
Lesson Plan Source
FINE ARTS: Visual Arts
Find more lessons for teaching about May holidays in Education World's Holidays Archive.
Click to return to this week's Lesson Planning article, Pet Week Lessons for Every Grade.
Originally published 05/02/2003
Last updated 03/28//2008


text:
Fishmeal is a complex protein source that is commonly used in fish feed. A new article published in Animal Feed Science and Technology shows how fishmeal physical and chemical properties influence both the production of fish feed and the physical feed quality. High physical feed quality is one of the salmon farmers' most important criteria. This new knowledge can help the feed producers to better control their production process and to improve the quality of the feed.
Fishmeal is purchased based on a limited number of specifications. Nofima has now demonstrated that these specifications are inadequate in order to predict the physical quality of the fish feed. This new knowledge may also be applied to plant and other animal-based feed raw materials.
Salmon feed is currently produced by extrusion technology – a rapid kneading and cooking process at high temperature, which may be compared with preparing dough in your kitchen to bake bread. This process results in a series of physical and chemical changes in the feed raw materials. The quality of the fish feed may be controlled and improved by adding starch and other binding agents, but the proteins in the fishmeal will also contribute to the physical quality of the feed.
The physical quality of fish feed has become more important in recent years because the feeding system blows the feed through long pipes from storage bins to the fish cages. This exposes the feed to mechanical stress and may lead to crushing. Crushing of the feed pellets is a problem since the fish cannot eat small particles or dust, and the dust clogs up the feeding system.
"During this project we have documented for the first time that variation in the physical and chemical properties of fishmeal influences both the extrusion process and the physical quality of the feed," says Project Manager and Nofima Senior Scientist Tor Andreas Samuelsen.
Detailed description of the various methods utilized in the trials, and how variation in the physical and chemical properties of the fishmeal influences the fish feed can be found in: Samuelsen, T.A., Mjøs, S.A., Oterhals, Å., 2013. Impact of variability in fishmeal physicochemical properties on the extrusion process, starch gelatinization and pellet durability and hardness. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 179, 77-84.
A more detailed description of the various methods utilized in the trials, and how variation in the physical and chemical qualities of the fishmeal influences the fish feed (Norwegian): Fiskemelets egenskaper (PDF)


Which type is harder ENTJs or INTJs
defender personality
Love only grows by giving love. One can only have more for oneself by sharing it with others.
Brian Tracy
The defender's personality type is unique in some ways, as many of the collective traits can conflict with individual characteristics. Defense lawyers are usually meek but can become contentious when it comes to protecting their family or friends. They are calm and reserved, but have well-developed communication skills and robust social relationships. They strive for security and stability, but can be remarkably open to change, provided they feel understood and respected. Like so many other things, the Defender's personality type is more than the sum of its components. The way they use their strengths defines what they are.
Defenders are true altruists, and respond to kindness with greater kindness and kindness. They work with enthusiasm and generosity for the tasks and the people that are close to their hearts.
This personality type certainly deserves to make up a very large part of the population at almost 13%. Defenders follow established traditions and have a desire to do good. They find themselves in areas with an awareness of their own history, such as medicine, science, and community service.
Defenders, especially the temperamental ones, are often extremely meticulous. Though they put things off, you can always count on them to get their job done on time. Defense lawyers take their responsibilities personally. They do what they can to exceed expectations and bring joy to others, at work and at home.
You have to see us with your own eyes
Defense attorneys must be careful to let others notice their efforts. Defense lawyers tend to understate their achievements. While their kindness is valued by many, cynical and selfish people could take advantage of the dedication and humility of the defenders to shift work on them and then pass that work off as their own merit. To maintain their confidence and commitment, defenders should know when to say no and stand up for themselves.
Strangely enough, although introverted by nature, defenders are very social creatures. They use their excellent memory not to store data and trivia, but to remember people and details about their lives. Defenders are very generous with gifts. They use their imagination and natural empathy to express their generosity in a way that touches hearts. This is certainly the case with regard to their peers, whom the defense lawyers often consider personal friends. In their families, however, this form of affection is particularly evident.
Whenever I can, I'll protect you
Defenders are a wonderful personality type. They seldom sit idle while a good cause goes unfinished. The defenders' ability to communicate with others on a human level is second to none among the introverts. Often times, they use their communication skills to maintain a caring, happy family. The joy they gain from this is a gift for everyone involved. Defenders are never comfortable in the spotlight and can feel guilty about taking credit for the team's work. However, when they can ensure that their efforts are recognized, defenders find a sense of satisfaction that people of other personality types can only dream of.


text:
A bit of history
L'Estaque is one of Marseille's many treasures: one of the 111 villages with such a strong sense of identity. We often hears the locals proclaim their love for their neighborhood with this sentence: "We are Estaquéens before we are Marseillais!".
Its name comes from the Provençal "Estaco" which means: « to tie, to attach » the stake to which one moors the boat. Located in a fishing village born in the 12th century, l'Estaque was without any communication route to the center of Marseille except for a mule track. It was not until the end of the 19th century that this peaceful village experienced a dramatic upheaval with the installation of tile factories in the east and factories in the west. The clay deposits are of exceptional quality and the Estaquéennes tiles are exported as far as Mexico!
Entire families have come to work in ' l'Estaque', mainly from Italian Piedmont and Spain. These populations participated in the creation of new districts such as Les Riaux in the west, but also in the appearance of a new workers' housing: la courée (1). Fishermen, workers, but also people from Marseille came from the city center and built some "folies" (2): l'Estaque also became a holiday resort in the 19th century.
(1) Core-island urbanization in industrial neighbourhoods, generally consisting of one or two rows of low-rise houses in a private lane accessed by a narrow passageway.


text:
Shimadzu Scientific Instruments has launched the Nexis GC-2030, designed to improve user connectivity and ease of use, increase throughput, produce superior results, and ultimately yield a higher return on investment.
Engineered with the analyst in mind, the GC-2030 provides user information via a touch panel which clear icons for easy system monitoring. The Ethernet-based communication allows the user to remotely connect to the GC via PC or the operator's mobile device. This allows the operator to monitor run status or launch a new batch of analyses from a remote location.
- Accommodates up to three analytical lines for greater productivity, or for more analyses to be packaged into one GC.
- Choice of four inlets, six detectors, and specialised valve accessorie enables configurations tailored to fit the needs of laboratories in fields such as petrochemical, environmental, food, and pharmaceuticals.
- 'Eco Mode' optimises the use of carrier gas such as helium and reduces electricity use when idle.
- Day and time programming, a system self-check feature, and automatic notification of when to replace consumables.
- Optional, built-in sensor to monitor real time levels of hydrogen in the oven.
- LabSolutions workstation software that fully integrates LC and GC functionality.


text:
Eucalyptus is generally used as an inhalant for long-term sinus and respiratory complaints. Our species, radiata, is gentler than many forms of eucalyptus and therefore is suitable people who have spasms and other irritations. It can be used as an antimicrobial for both bacteria and viral infections. It is especially effective against staphylococcus and should be considered for use with eczema. It combines well with lemon but also can be used with peppermint and lavender.
Ecocert Organic Eucalptus radiata leaves is recommended for children abd very sensitive people as it is a little more subtle than Eucalyptus globulus which we also carry.


text:
Earth, the mean radius is 6,371.009 km (≈3,958.761 mi; ≈3,440.069 nmi).
If the meridional mean and the mean of the two equatorial axes (which, for Earth, are equal) are averaged together, the mean radius approximation of the average great-circle circumference is found:
This is the equivalent great-circle radius of an ellipsoid, which for Earth is 6,372.797 km (≈3,959.873 mi; ≈3,441.035 nmi).
A closed-form solution exists for a spheroid:
where and is the surface area of the spheroid.
For Earth, the authalic radius is 6,_PHONE_ km (≈3,958.760 mi; ≈3,440.069 nmi).
For Earth, the volumetric radius equals 6,_PHONE_ km (≈3,958.760 mi; ≈3,440.069 nmi).
Another mean radius is the rectifying radius, giving a sphere with circumference equal to the perimeter of the ellipse described by any polar cross section of the ellipsoid. This requires an elliptic integral to find, given the polar and equatorial radii:
The rectifying radius is equivalent to the meridional mean, which is defined as the average value of M:
For integration limits of [0…π/2], the integrals for rectifying radius and mean radius evaluate to the same result, which, for Earth, amounts to 6,_PHONE_ km (≈3,956.545 mi; ≈3,438.147 nmi).
The meridional mean is well approximated by the semicubic mean of the two axes:
yielding, again, 6,_PHONE_ km; or less accurately by the quadratic mean of the two axes:
about 6,367.454 km; or even just the mean of the two axes:
about 6,367.445 km.


text:
The Path to a better future is one click away...
Click Visit Site below to get information from this school
Western Seminary, Portland Campus
5511 SE Hawthorne Blvd.
Portland, OR 97215
Master of Divinity (M.Div); M.A. Exegetical Theology (MAET); M.A. Specialized Ministry (MASM); M.A., Graduate Studies Certificate (GSC); Graduate Studies Diploma (GSD), Doctor of Ministry (D.Min); Doctor of Missiology (D.Miss)
The Doctor of Missiology (D.Miss.) is an advanced professional degree intended to aid in the development of leadership for the worldwide Church. The program is designed specifically for people faced with the challenge of socio-cultural changes who are serving abroad cross-culturally, as well as for those who work among ethnic groups locally or who reach out to post-modernist / pluralist / generation X. Participation of mature and experienced church leaders from Asia, Africa, and Latin America ensures cross-fertilization of perspectives and spiritual insights between North Americans and those from abroad.
The Doctor of Missiology is an accredited degree program of ATS (Association of Theological Schools of US & Canada) and NWCCU (Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities). All classes are small, allowing personal interaction between professors and students, fostering an atmosphere beneficial for ministry mentoring. During the program students will acquire professional training, including advanced research skills and tools to teach at the post-graduate level.
At a Glance:
Classification: Specialized Institution—Theological seminary or other faith-related institution
Locale: Large City
Size & Settings: 0-999


World's First Pressure-based Gait Authentication System
Biometric Physical Security • Multi-Subject Tracking • Real-Time Streaming of Data
Stepscan® Secure is the world's first pressure-based gait-authentication system for access control. Stepscan® is the only company producing modular pressure-sensitive flooring that is large enough to capture many footsteps of natural gait leading to a secure area. It is configurable to suit most any space or hallway.
Stepscan® also has developed the world's first in multiple subject tracking based on real-time streaming of footprint data. This enables us to collect the footprint paths/tracks of multiple individuals simultaneously and combine the footprints in each person's path for added verification accuracy.
Based on the above features of our Stepscan® platform and research supported by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) we have shown that we are able to analyze various features of a person's gait and foot/floor interactions and differentiate individuals just by their walking patterns.
security gate
Features at a Glance:
 - Gait samples for registration can be acquired passively during initial entries
 - Unobtrusive scanning as part of entrance system
 - Indiscernible to the public/would be imposters
 - Detects tailgating
 - Very difficult to steal/hack a person's gait to bypass system
Dual Authentication Access Control • Next-Level Security
Access control is an integral part of any business or facility's security, ensuring that only those with proper authority and credentials gain access. To enhance security measures many facilities are now moving to 2-Factor or Multi-Factor Authentication methods. They are usually a combination of a knowledge factor (PIN code), a Possession Factor (key card) and an Inherent factor (usually a biometric method such as a fingerprint, face or retinal scan).
2-Factor authentication helps ensure that the person attempting to gain access is who they say they are and reduces the risk of unauthorized access due to stolen passwords or key cards.
Stepscan's® pressure-based gait authentication system uses a subject's gait as the biometric authentication, providing next-level of security unavailable with any other system:
 - Passive registration - unlike other biometric technologies which require formal user registration, gait samples for registration can be acquired silently during initial entries reducing burden to both the staff and those seeking access.
 - Unobtrusive - A key feature of most biometrics is that the user must present themselves (e.g. finger, hand, iris, face etc) to a sensor and be scanned. Gait is a natural movement that usually takes place leading up to a secure entrance. It is completely unobtrusive.
 - Indiscernible - Because a user isn't required to actively present themselves for inspection, there is also the potential for making it hidden - and generally unknown to would be imposters
 - Detects tailgating - The flooring solution can be used to detect when two or more individuals enter a secure space only on the authentication of one individual.
 - Very secure - As gait is a by-product of a person's biomechanical makeup, it cannot easily be mimicked.
Watch Stepscan® Secure At Work
News from Stepscan
Interested in learning more?
Talk to a Stepscan Product Specialist to discuss your specific needs and to see what Stepscan can do for you.


text:
Tracking development progress
Keeping governments and citizens informed
At the start of the 15-year journey towards the Millennium Development Goals (2000–2015), the absence of relevant and reliable statistical benchmarks was the norm rather than the exception in most Pacific Islands Countries.
Virtually no MDG resources were invested in regular and ongoing collection of basic development statistics or in developing indicators, so how was progress to be measured?
It is a different story in 2013 as the end of the MDG journey approaches.
The Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC), with generous financial assistance from Aus-AID, has invested huge efforts in working with member countries to first develop its National Minimum Development Indicator database and expand the system's content and functionality to also include all population-based MDG indicators.
As Dr Gerald Haberkorn, Director of SPC's Statistics for Development Division, says: 'We've designed the NMDI database as a 'one-stop info-shop' to provide data users with easy access to development statistics and indicators across key sectors. This is what Pacific Leaders asked for in the Pacific Plan and it's what our members need to assess their progress.'
In the wake of the global financial crisis, governments and donors are more focused than ever on the results and impacts of their development efforts and on the need for information to improve policy and decision-making.
This same information also enables citizens to see the impact of government policy and actions on their own lives; for example, by showing them the leading causes of infant mortality in their country or the proportion of children attending primary school.
Statistics therefore play an important role not just in monitoring progress, but also in encouraging governments and their development partners to step up efforts to achieve the outcomes being measured.
The online NMDI database has 200+ indicators that aim to provide an accurate and comprehensive snapshot of the state of development, or 'health', of specific sectors in each country.
The indicators had to be clearly linked to national development plans and regional and international reporting frameworks, including annual regional MDG tracking reports.
The underlying idea was to use the least number of indicators possible to provide a credible account of, for example:
The performance of national economies in the region, as compared to the economic well-being of citizens;
How agriculture is faring across the Pacific; and
How the health and overall well-being of Pacific Islands people is progressing.
In addition to allowing data users easy access to a vast repository of development statistics and indicators, the system allows users to look at the indicators in different ways—in a tabular format, graphically or spatially—using interactive maps through SPC's PRISM (Pacific Regional Information System).
Dr Haberkorn notes that while statistics are enjoying a much higher profile than before in government planning and policy making, many countries still lack the capacity to produce and use a range of accurate and timely statistics.
Developing the database and a coordinated system for measuring, monitoring and reporting progress against development indicators was therefore challenging, particularly in introducing harmonised standards for systems of collection and outputs.
The latter ensures greater comparability of statistical outputs among Pacific Islands Countries, the benefits of which are highlighted in the Ten-Year Pacific Statistics Strategy (2011–2020).
The database still has data gaps in some key sectors and countries, and updating these will have top priority in its further development.
Dr Haberkorn said there are plans to "also expand NMDI coverage in 2013 to Pacific Islands territories, and, as resources permit, to expand thematic coverage to address emerging issues such as climate change and food security, and to accommodate the Pacific Leaders' Gender Equality Declaration made at the 2012 Forum meeting".
To access the National Minimum Development Indicator database, go to _URL_ or explore PRISM at _URL_
For further information, contact Gerald Haberkorn (_EMAIL_), Director, Statistics for Development Division, or James Hemphill (_EMAIL_), NMDI database manager, Secretariat of the Pacific Community.
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