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the noun form of the verb "respond." Respond means to answer, to reply, to react, to undertake, or to pledge. The word "responsible" is the adverbial form of that word and it means to be answerable legally or morally for the discharge of a duty, the discharge of a trust, or the paying of a debt. The noun form of that word is "responsibility" and it means that for which the person is responsible or accountable or answerable. In other words, we are responsible to carry out a certain responsibility, we are answerable.
The synonyms duty and obligation have shades of difference between them. Duty is used in the English language in such a way to show that they tend to arise from external circumstances. In the United States, the duty of serving in the armed forces arises when a draft is imposed by the United States government. Prior to that, you do not have the duty to serve in the armed forces. So the government applies an external force and drafts you in a national emergency. A duty tends to be applied then in a circumstance in which a responsibility is externally forced on a person.
The word responsibility tends to be used as showing something that arises from one's own undertakings; that is, one makes himself responsible to do something. This is not 100% absolute, but that is the way that writers tend to use it. In other words, a person volunteers or becomes employed in taking on a responsibility.
The word obligation is like a swing word, tying the two together and it tends to be used in either way, as something externally imposed or internally imposed. A responsible person then is one who carries out that for which he is answerable and what is he answerable for, his duties and obligations.
We have to have a spiritual synonym for this. I said that the word responsibility never appears in the King James Version. The closest spiritual word is "faithful."
This sermon is given in light of Passover. I think you will all agree that we need extra time to get prepared for Passover this year. When I put this sermon together, it was with Passover self-examination in mind.
We need to begin to think about preparing for Passover and I am beginning it by getting us thinking about broad responsibilities we all bear before God. God has given us the authority to deal with these things that we are going to be talking about; they are broad things and they are things that we are commonly aware of.
Romans 14:10-12 But why do you judge your brother? Or why do you show contempt for your brother? For we shall all stand before the judgment seat of Christ. For it is written: "As I live, says the Lord, Every knee shall bow to Me, and every tongue shall confess to God." [Are you beginning to see responsibilities? We are not to judge, we are not to be contemptuous, our knee is to bow before God, every tongue is to confess to God, there is four responsibilities right there]. So then each of us shall give account of himself to God. [There is another responsibility].
Now let us look at it in a bigger context. The thought here is not that one should not judge. Does that seem like a contradiction to what the verse says? It is just that it is not well translated into the English. It is rather that one should not be passing judgment. There is a big difference between the two.
The responsibility that Paul is talking about here is not that we should not judge. Everybody has to judge. Everybody has to judge in order to make choices. You have to judge between this way, or this way, do you not? Sometimes you are looking at people in order to understand the wisdom of going this way or that way, and see, you have to judge what they are doing, but you do not have the responsibility from God to pass judgment on what those people are doing. You can judge that what they are doing is right or wrong, but you are not to pass judgment on them because that is God's responsibility. I hope that I have made that clear.
For instance, Paul says that we are to follow him as he follows Christ. We can apply this principle or we might say responsibility to anybody. With the apostle Paul or Herbert Armstrong or anybody else that is part of the church of God. I can include myself here, we must judge what Paul or Mr. Armstrong, or John Ritenbaugh does as to whether he is following Christ and whether we want to do what he is doing, and so you judge the situation.
Everybody has to do this, but we do not want to pass judgment on a person as being evil simply because they do something that is evil. You see that is overstepping our responsibility. God is judge and we are the judged. That is what Paul is saying here, we are the judged along with everybody else who is passing before the judgment seat of Christ, because judgment is now on the house of God, is it not?
So we are all being judged. God is Judge and we are the judged, just as surely as the person that we might pass judgment on. It is stupid—Paul is not quite saying this, but the implication of what he is saying is that it is stupid for a person guilty of one sin to point the finger of contempt at a sinner guilty of a different sin, but just as guilty.
There is even a legal basis for this. The basis for what Paul is saying here is that a person being judged—all of us—has no legal right to pass judgment. Did you realize in the United States that when you become a convict, your legal rights are given up? There are liberals who want to change that and they are changing those things and so a lot of guilty people are going free. But it used to be that a convict lost his legal rights and he still loses quite a number of them; such as not being allowed to vote, for example. But you see that is the legal basis for what Paul is saying here, that a person being judged has no legal right to pass judgment.
The good side of this is that, mercifully, God's judgment of us is positive in that He is not seeking ways to destroy us, but rather He is looking for ways to improve us, edify us, and purge us of what is wrong.
That sets the stage for the way we approach things here, that our responsibility before God is, in this sense, to look out for finding what our responsibilities are and not be concentrating, focusing on somebody else who is not meeting theirs. We can judge, but we are not to pass judgment, as though we are the judge assigning guilt to these people for what they are doing.
In Psalms 51, we move on to another area of responsibility that everybody has.
Psalm 51:3-6 For I acknowledge my transgressions, and my sin is always before me. Against You [he says to God], You only, have I sinned, and done this evil in Your sight [now look at the purpose]—That You may be found just when You speak [you see, God is the Judge], and blameless when You judge. Behold [David says], I was brought forth in iniquity, and in sin my mother conceived me. Behold, You desire truth in the inward parts, [no self deception, not letting human nature get the upper hand, but pure in heart, pure in spirit] Behold, You desire truth in the inward parts, and in the hidden part You will make me to know wisdom.
Psalm 51:10 Create in me a clean heart, O God, and renew a steadfast spirit within me.
Psalm 51:17 The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit, a broken and a contrite heart—These, O God, You will not despise.
There are many responsibilities there, but the use that I am making of this Psalm here is that we need to see that we play a very important part, an important role, in what God is working out in His judgment of us. Remember I said that His judgment of us is positive, that He is not looking at us critically for the purpose of destroying us and punishing us, but rather His examination of us is not to sentence us to death, but rather to produce life. There is a big difference between the two.
You see we play a part in this and here is one of the important responsibilities that we play in this and that is, that we can never begin to reach true responsibility until we first deeply and honestly acknowledge our responsibility for what we are and what we have done. Not rationalizing and justifying that the devil made me do it (even though that maybe involved), not rationalizing and justifying that I am the way I am because of Mom and Dad, because that too may have played a part.
All of us have made choices. Mom and Dad did not do it all, the devil did not do everything, we made the choices too, and it is our responsibility to own up for that. God demands repentance, which is a responsibility for Him. Now, what is so remarkable about this confession of David's is his utter candor about his accountability. He took full responsibility for his actions. He did not blame Bathsheba, he did not blame Uriah. He could have—"If Uriah would have been home, that would have never happened. If Bathsheba had not gone up on the roof and taken a bath there, that would have never happened. Why, if she was not so attractive and pretty, that would have never happened. She put that desire in me."
It is very easy to pass responsibility on to someone else. But you see, David


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In this interview with Neal Stephenson, talking about the historical basis for his Baroque Cycle series of novels, he makes the remark that
Is there any evidence for this statement? What are other historical examples of persecuted religious minorities who have become financially successful as a result of their persecution?
If there is evidence that the statement is true, then what are the proposed explanations?
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Yes, I think there is lot's of historic evidence (e.g. also from Chinese history), but being persecuted alone certainly does not determine/cause financial success. You e.g. "need" oppressors that drive/allow a minority into professions that oppressors (at the time) despise or neglect yet that can (with skill, hard work, luck, etc.) be turned into financial success over time. IMHO some (even many) persecuted minorities have tended to be financially successful, but to say that all "tended to" is much too strong/general a statement. – Drux Apr 8 '13 at 8:52
Define economic success for a minority, and apply this to actual data on social conditions. For example, the large majority of Jews in Poland prior to WWII lived very precarious lives, while at the same time beeing thought of as financially succesful. I think Graeber in "Debt: the first 5000 years" makea similiar argument about the Jews in medivial England. – mart Apr 8 '13 at 11:03
Christian Church (took them a couple of centuries though). – DVK Apr 8 '13 at 16:16
I agree with _USER_. You need to be able to clearly show a difference between "most successful members of a minority community are financially successful" as opposed to "entire community is financially successful" (e.g look at a mode; or a mean+standard deviation; as opposed to just mean), for any of those examples to be true. – DVK Apr 8 '13 at 16:21
Drux has it backwards, it is often the financially successful minorities who end up persecuted, their religion (or whatever else sets them apart) being used as an excuse. – jwenting Apr 9 '13 at 5:49
6 Answers 6
Is there any evidence for this statement?
No. It is clearly falsifiable and falsified—see the experience of indigenous people in settler societies. (Think Canada, US, Australia, New Zealand, Argentina, Chile).
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And we can mention the gipsy population in eastern europe, they live generally in the lowest living standards in Romania, Hungary, Serbia. – CsBalazsHungary Apr 8 '13 at 9:34
Counterexamples are insufficient to prove/disprove a tendency. OP asked for further examples and for evidence/explanation. – Mark C. Wallace Apr 8 '13 at 10:42
-1 - none of those are persecuted religious minorities which is what Stephenson was talking about. Neither are Gypsies. – DVK Apr 8 '13 at 16:17
_USER_.Wallace A five society counter example overcomes a claim of "often", see NeilStephenson, "if they're not persecuted out of existence, often" – Samuel Russell Apr 8 '13 at 21:26
_USER_ - ah. I didn't realize that the title omitted the word "religious" - I was just reading the body. – DVK Apr 9 '13 at 1:14
Here is a relevant example concerning the Jewish minority in late 19th-century Vienna, as recorded by Peter Gay in Freud: A Life for Our Time:
Many of the immigrants from the miserable villages to the east dressed and spoke and gestured in ways alien and disagreeable to the Viennese; they were too exotic to be familiar and not exotic enough to be charming. They came as peddlers and small shopkeepers, but many of their sons entered callings vulnerable to bigoted criticism and easy slander: banking, or wholesale trading, or journalism. By the 1880s, at lead half of Viennese journalists, physicians, and lawyers where Jews. [Sigmund] Freud at Gymnasium contemplating either a legal or a medical career was being perfectly conventional. That is what many young Jews in Vienna did. Demonstrating their proverbial appetite for learning, they poured into Vienna's educational institutions and, concentrated as they were in a few districts, clustered in a few schools until their classes resembled extended family clans. During the eight years that Freud attended his Gymnasium, between 1865 and 1873, the number of Jewis students there increased from 68 to 300, rising from 44 to 73 percent of the tool school population.
IMO the phenomenon is clearly not restricted to Jews and to followers of the Abrahamic religions alone (as suggested in another answer): To some extent it e.g. also applies to Chinese minorities in countries such as Indonesia (as I know from a friend's family history), to Indians in Africa (V.S. Naipaul's novel A Bend in the River conveys a bit of that), and to Asian-American students excelling in top graduate schools today (let's not forget that their forefathers once were also confined to "persecuted minorities").
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The Chinese minority in Indonesia is the first supporting example that comes to mind. However worldwide it is far more common for oppressed ethnic minorities to be relatively poor due to the legal and social barriers they have to deal with.
I love Neal Stevenson's work (particularly the Baroque Cycle), but like many authors he's got his annoying quirks. In this case he's made the classic error of believing the plural of anecdote is "data".
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Most ethnic minorities are NOT oppressed over religion. – DVK Apr 8 '13 at 16:18
though religion may be used as a spark or excuse for persecution, something that sets those groups apart, makes them "weird", "heretics", etc. – jwenting Apr 9 '13 at 13:41
_USER_ - I'm really confused now. Where did I mention religon in this? – T.E.D. Apr 9 '13 at 13:55
_USER_.E.D. - the OP asked about minorities persecuted for their religion, not persecuted in general (e.g. for ethnic reasons) – DVK Apr 9 '13 at 15:47
_USER_ - Ah. Well, I guess I'm agreeing with you then. However, it is quite common for ethnic minorities to pick up a miniority religon too in order to help keep their cultural identity separate (eg: Christianity in non-Indonesian East Timor), so the waters can get really muddy there. – T.E.D. Apr 9 '13 at 16:17
Yale Professor Amy Chua makes this case for Russian Jews, Yugoslav Croats, Chinese in Southeast Asia and others, in this book
Note, however, that she is also the author of "Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother."
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I think the claim regarding Croatians is as dubious as the claim regarding Western European Jews. Both populations had internal stratification. The Court Jew was emblematic of the misery of the mass of late feudal and early modern Jews in Germany. The mass of Croatians were involved in agricultural Feudalism under which ever house controlled the region. – Samuel Russell Apr 8 '13 at 21:33
Generally I would say "no". The exception of course being the Abrahamic religions Judaism, Christianity and Islam, which prohibits taking advantage of "brothers" (those with the same faith) by charging interest - this obvious opened up a nisce for minorities of other faiths.
But it's not as clear cut, as - to take Europe - Jews didn't only lend money to Christians, there were also Christians who let money to Jews... the important thing, was not to lend to people of your own faith. Of course since there were fewer Jews in Europe than Christians, the wealth from this where most obviously accumulated among the relatively few Jews.
Minorities were often heavily taxed - both Jews in Christian Europe and non-muslims under Islam. Further more, minorities risked having their whole fortune sieced, being arrested or expelled.
If you look at other minorities - especially non-religious or at least not Jews or Christians - they have not fared well at all.
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I think Stephenson has the cart leading the horse here.
Take the Jews of Western Europe (Jews in Eastern Europe were emphatically not well off). The Jews did not became wealthy because they were persecuted. To a large extent, they became wealthy because they could be bankers (and could loan money, even if not formally bankers) at a time when Christians were forbidden to be, because of the Church's attitude was that usury was sinful. Their subsequent wealth led to further discrimination.
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Your Answer


Volcano's'scream' gives clues to pressurization
By Kristen Butler, UPI.com | July 15, 2013 at 9:19 AM | Comments
July 15 (UPI) -- Many small earthquakes often precede a volcanic eruption, and they can sometimes happen in such rapid succession that they create a harmonic tremor similar to the kind created by musical instruments, though at frequencies lower than humans can hear.
New research on an eruption sequence at Alaska's Redoubt Volcano in March 2009 showed that a harmonic tremor rose to higher and higher frequency until it paused just before six of the eruptions, with five of those coming in rapid succession.
Scientists at the USGS Alaska Volcano Observatory have dubbed the highest-frequency harmonic tremor at Redoubt Volcano "the screams" because they reach such high pitch, at 30 hertz, compared with a 1-to-5 hertz starting point. In humans, the audible frequency range starts at about 20 hertz.
Some volcanoes make sound when magma forces its way up through rock, but Hotovec-Ellis believes the harmonic tremors are the result of magma being forced through narrow passages in the rock.
Magma sticks to the rock surface in a narrow passage until the pressure is high enough to force it along a bit, before it sticks again, pressure mounts, and it moves again.
Each of these sudden movements results in a small earthquake, ranging in magnitude from about 0.5 to 1.5, Hotovec-Ellis said.
"Because there's less time between each earthquake, there's not enough time to build up enough pressure for a bigger one," she said. "After the frequency glides up to a ridiculously high frequency, it pauses and then it explodes."
Hotovec-Ellis, lead author of the study published in the Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, is also co-author of a second paper in Nature Geoscience that uses a "frictional faulting" model to explain the tremors.
The model addresses the brief pause in the harmonic tremor just before the volcanic explosion. "We think the pause is when even the earthquakes can't keep up anymore and the two sides of the fault slide smoothly against each other," Hotovec-Ellis said.
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Many of us love to cook, spreading awareness about the roots of our recipes and food items, as well as encouraging people to understand where so many culinary delights have come from. Take this one fabulous ingredient for example – Sooji or Suji – which is actually a finer form of what is known as Rawa in most Western countries. Sooji commonly referred to as granulated flour or coarsely ground wheat and has since been an ingredient that's integral to a number of different Indian rice-based delicacies ever since.
The word Sooji is used in North India to refer to semolina while Rava refers most often to the same ingredient in South Indian cuisine.
Semolina made from ground wheat is an ingredient used in many traditional dishes across both regions as well as being the main component of various foods, both savoury and sweet, like Upma (a porridge-like preparation) and Rava Ladoo (sesame flavoured sweets). For batters, you need to make sure that your sooji is finely ground. This will prevent it from sticking to the pan and allow it to cook properly. If it is used as a primary ingredient then make sure it is processed into finer grains. You can also buy Rava online if you don't want to buy the traditional variety.
Rava is a common ingredient in Indian cuisine. In fact, it turns up in a variety of popular sweets and is easily available via Grocery home delivery services. Rawa laddoo is common in India and they're also enjoyed during festivals like Diwali and throughout the year in Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Another loveable Indian desert is called sooji ka halwa. Rawa (also translated as semolina) can be used to make popular South-Indian foods like the Idli or Dosa Recipe (both kinds) or the uttapam!
Sooji is considered to be a healthy food
Sooji is a great way to increase your protein intake and the fibre content in Sooji helps control your blood sugar levels. Regular consumption can reduce the risk of certain types of diabetes. Consuming Semolina on a regular basis provides long-lasting energy, increases strength and stamina, and boosts metabolism in the longer term (blood glucose drops gradually as you lose weight). Sooji also works towards maintaining good bone health. It improves heart health by lowering cholesterol (which reduces the risk of heart disease) while improving brain function (having healthy blood vessels & arteries is crucial for a good neurological function that keeps cognition, development & sensory perception better than usual).
Semolina is an important part of the many cuisines around the world. It's used by Italians, for example, to make different types of pasta. In India, though, it's a staple that's often eaten alongside rice, dal, and ghee – which makes it an essential food group in the country. Why? Because while it might seem plain and simple on its own, semolina actually poses a lot of good nutritional values to those who eat it which includes plenty of dietary fibre, protein, and vitamins along with minerals and zero cholesterol, trans fats, and sodium; an ideal food choice for the weight watchers among us! So if you're looking for something that'll beat your mid-day hunger pangs without making you gain unhealthy weight then try out dishes like Upma made from Sooji Rava (or even Rava Vada or Rava Kesari!). However, gluten sensitivities and wheat allergies need to be taken into account.

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The platinum-iridium alloy wire in a hot-wire ammeter expands when its temperature increases and contracts when its temperature decreases. The temperature of the wire is dependent on the current in the wire. A hot-wire ammeter using such a wire will give a constant reading for an alternating current that has a particular peak value. Which of the following most correctly explains how an alternating current with a frequency of 50 hertz in the wire can produce a constant hot-wire ammeter reading? (A) The wire heats a hot-wire ammeter's other mechanical components. The expansion and contraction of these components are out of phase with each other, so the reading on the ammeter remains constant. (B) The wire expands when its temperature increases much faster than it contracts when its temperature decreases, so the wire never reduces in temperature for a sufficient time to contract noticeably. Or (C) the frequency at which the wire can undergo a cycle of expansion and contraction is much smaller than the frequency of the alternating current, so the expansion of the wire corresponds to the effective value of the current.
So this question is asking us to identify the correct reason that a hot-wire ammeter displays a constant reading in response to an alternating current. Let's clear the answer options off the screen for now so we can have a closer look at how this works. To start with, let's recall that an alternating current is a current whose direction and magnitude are constantly changing. We can draw a graph with current on the vertical axis and time on the horizontal axis that shows how an alternating current varies over time.
Initially, at time zero, there's zero current. After this, we can see that current increases up to some maximum value before decreasing again back down to zero. After this, the current increases in the negative direction up to some maximum negative value. This represents current going in the opposite direction. The magnitude of this current then decreases to zero again. And this cycle then repeats over and over again, with the current increasing in one direction and then decreasing again, then increasing in the opposite direction and decreasing again, and so on.
In this question, we're dealing with an alternating current with a frequency of 50 hertz. This means that the current undergoes one full cycle like this 50 times per second, meaning that the current changes direction 100 times every second. Now, attempting to measure the size of a current like this is much more challenging than measuring that of a direct current, which is one that stays at a constant level in one direction. To measure a direct current, it's common to use a device known as a moving coil ammeter, which is based on a galvanometer. In a galvanometer, the magnetic field produced by a current causes a needle to defect across a dial by an amount proportional to the size of the current. This works great for direct currents. However, it doesn't work so well for alternating currents. This is because a galvanometer effectively measures the magnetic field produced by a current.
And if the current is rapidly alternating, then the magnetic field will alternate at the same frequency. This means if we connect our galvanometer to an alternating current source, we find that the needle fluctuates rapidly from side to side, which makes it essentially impossible to obtain an accurate reading. In contrast, a hot-wire ammeter, like the one mentioned in this question, is an ammeter which is designed specifically to measure the size of alternating currents. The way it does this is rather than looking at the electromagnetic effects of a current like a galvanometer does. It measures the thermal effects of charge flowing in a wire.
A hot-wire ammeter can measure the alternating current in a circuit by allowing a fraction of this current to flow along a platinum-iridium alloy wire. Attached to this wire is a silk thread which passes over a pulley, which is then attached to a spring which keeps it under tension. The pulley then has a needle attached to it, which points to a dial. The way that this works is that platinum-iridium wire produces heat when charge flows through it due to resistive dissipation. Although some of this heat is given away to its surroundings through conduction and radiation, the temperature of the wire itself increases, causing it to undergo thermal expansion. As the temperature of the wire increases, the rate at which it transfers heat to its surroundings also increases, until eventually it equals the rate at which the wire dissipates electrical energy. At this point, the temperature of the wire stops increasing.
Now this is where things get interesting. As it mentions in the question, the temperature of the wire is dependent on the current in the wire. However, we know that the current in the wire is rapidly alternating. So why is it then that the temperature of this wire doesn't fluctuate too? Well, simply put, the thermal expansion and contraction of this wire is much slower than the alternation of the current. In a given period of time, the heat produced by the wire 𝑄 is proportional to the current squared. So it is technically true that the wire produces more heat when the magnitude of the current is at its maximum, which corresponds to these positions on the graph.
However, the overall temperature of the wire, as well as its thermal contraction and expansion effects, change so slowly that there's no time for the wire to cool down and contract between these two points of maximum current magnitude. This means that for a current with a given peak value, a hot-wire ammeter will give a constant reading. So now, if we look back at our answer options, we can see that this is best described by option (C). An alternating current with a frequency of 50 hertz can produce a constant hot-wire ammeter reading because the frequency at which the wire can undergo a full cycle of expansion and contraction is much smaller than the frequency of the alternating current. So the expansion of the wire corresponds to the effective value of the current.

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 - Stu WØSTU
DX Techniques (E3A06)
The 2020-2024 Extra License question pool asks a deep question about DX techniques requiring some good knowledge of propagation science:
E3A06: What might help to restore contact when DX signals become too weak to copy across an entire HF band a few hours after sunset?
A. Switch to a higher frequency HF band
B. Switch to a lower frequency HF band
C. Wait 90 minutes or so for the signal degradation to pass
D. Wait 24 hours before attempting another communication on the band
This question about DX operations picks at multiple domains of ham radio knowledge, requiring some savvy conceptual integration to select the correct response. It blends general knowledge of the HF bands, matters of RF propagation characteristics among the several HF bands, matters of ionospheric dynamics, and matters of practical operational practices. Let's see if we can efficiently wrap all this together in succinct consideration.
Layers of the ionosphere and day-night dynamics.
Layers of the ionosphere and day-night dynamics.
 1. We want to restore a contact with a station in another country, probably quite far away. Barring that IRLP or Echolink cheating, this means the continued use of an HF band since VHF and UHF rarely travel such distances. However, this does not narrow the response options for us.
 2. The signal became weak across an entire HF band with the loss of sunlight. Aha! Here is a good hint. Our understanding of RF propagation in the HF bands reminds us that the higher HF bands, especially those above the 20-meter band (10m – 17m), often require a densely ionized ionosphere to be bent sufficiently back to earth for communication over-the-horizon. When the sun is blaring and charging up the ionosphere these bands often work amazingly well, but at night time they tend to close, or provide insufficient bending of signals for reliable communications. So, the assumption in this question is that we were initially using one of the higher HF bands that closed with the setting sun. Further, the sun isn't going to shine on us again in 90 minutes, and in 24 hours it's going to be dark yet again. THAT I can tell you! Nix responses C and D.
 3. Drawing on our knowledge of the ionosphere, we recall that during the daylight hours that pesky D-layer resides relatively low in the sky and it readily absorbs HF of the lower frequencies, such as those comprising the bands 40-meters, 60-meters, and 80-meters. Signals in these low HF bands cannot easily penetrate the D-layer and skip from higher ionospheric layers during the daylight hours. However, the D-layer dissipates at night and liberates those lower HF bands, allowing their signals to fly high into the sky and be bent by the E-layer and combined F-layers. In other words, the lower HF bands open at night for long distance, over-the-horizon communication. Now we're getting to the solution. .
 4. Using the combined knowledge above you can see that it will not be fruitful to switch to a higher frequency band after dark, as the bending power of the ionosphere reduces with higher frequency. If your band crapped out you're not going to have any better luck with skip propagation at a higher frequency. Nix response A.
We are left with response B, and it makes perfect sense based on our replete knowledge of these various factors. We can move to a lower frequency HF band – perhaps one that has opened with the night as the higher bands have closed – and try to re-establish our DX contact. Additionally, the 20-meter band often has adequate performance around the clock, day or night, so it is a viable "lower HF band" candidate if you were initially operating on, say, 15-meters.
Projection of surface of earth showing day-night terminators
Propagation with the lower HF bands is enhanced along the gray line, the day-night boundary along the surface of the earth.
Lastly we will mention gray-line propagation. Along the twilight boundary of the earth, where day is transitioning to night and vice-versa, the lower HF bands (below 20-meters) can be very effective along the line of the boundary – along the gray line. Along the gray line the lower altitude D-layer is rapidly disappearing with diminishing sunlight, and its lower altitude causes darkness to consume it before the high altitude F-layers are affected. The F-layers remain in sunlight for a greater duration near the twilight boundary and they remain very effective in bending signals over the horizon. The result is enhanced lower HF band communication along the gray line, generally north-south and varying in specific angle with the seasonal tilt of the earth.
The answer to 2020-2024 Extra Class question E2C12, What might help to restore contact when DX signals become too weak to copy across an entire HF band a few hours after sunset? is "B. Switch to a lower frequency HF band.
-- Stu WØSTU
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There is just one thing that can save the NHS , according to Newcastle Consultant Psychiatrist Joe McDonald.
"I'm a very strong believer that better use of healthcare related data is the only thing that can save the NHS," he says.
"We can no longer afford to run the NHS like we are – we need to get smarter at running it and data is an essential part of that."
He is director of the new Health North: Connected Health Cities (CHC) programme for the North East and North Cumbria, and explains that by looking at patterns in patients' health and social care records, professionals can treat people quickly and effectively and may even be able to stop some illnesses from developing.
Dr McDonald continues: "We're calling this the Great North Care Record, it's a local initiative driven by local clinicians, and it can be trusted."
Health North CHC is being delivered by Northern Health Science Alliance across four 'city regions' to improve the lives of the 16 million people from Liverpool to Berwick by looking at new ways of using health related data. It is world-leading and has already drawn interest from researchers in the US.
The North East and Cumbria CHC has brought together NHS organisations, Universities and Local Authorities to work on three projects: 'Emergency' Unplanned Care, Vulnerable Families, and people with Dementia and Frailty, with another project in the pipeline for End of Life Care.
Emergency Medicine Consultant Dr Phil Stamp works between Northumbria Hospital in Cramlington, Wansbeck and North Tyneside Hospital and is also the Trust's Chief Clinical Information Officer. He's been using data as a part of the 'Emergency' Unplanned Care Project.
He said: "When people come into the A&E department they often don't have the information I need to treat them. I need to know the allergies they have, I need to know what medications they're on and the dosage and timing.
"Through CHC and the Great North Care record project I can find out that information. It brings together all of the NHS systems so I can quickly pull up not only the allergies and medications but the last GP records, diagnosis, recent blood sugars and records and notes that a GP might have made on their system."
This is already making a difference to his treatment of patients.
He continues: "Last week I had an elderly patient who was a little confused. I had no one to ask about her and I needed to know certain things - had she had any falls or a head injury, was she on any anti-coagulant as even a slight knock to the head might cause a bleed.
"By using the Great North Care Record I could see she'd had a fall and seen her GP five days earlier which meant she went to have a CT scan within 30mins of arriving. Thankfully the CT scan didn't show any abnormalities – but that speed of treatment can be lifesaving."
Dr Nick Booth was for years a GP in Prudhoe, Northumberland, and became involved in health data after dramatically improving care in his own practice, through making more effective use of his electronic patient records. Such as discovering early indications of diabetes which can then be treated.
Now Chief Information Officer for CHC North East and North Cumbria he is clear about the very real difference connecting health data can bring to people's lives.
Dr Booth explains how the 'End of Life Care could help. He says: "Many people approaching their end of life would prefer to stay at home but at the moment it's not possible to share that information across the right people involved in that person's care.
"That means if for some reason the ambulance is called then they could get admitted to hospital and die there instead of at home.
"There are no winners in that circumstance, so there really is a huge benefit in sharing information about end of life care."
There are 3.6m people across the North East who are set to benefit from the work carried out by the team thanks to the sharing of their health data between professionals including GPs, paramedics, social care and hospital staff at the point of care.
Many patients might be surprised that their information isn't already shared across the care professionals in this way, something Chief Operating Officer Mark Walsh comes across a lot.
He said: "Our most common response is 'I thought you already did that.' People will always be asked for consent to share and this is crucial to maintain confidentiality and respect the rights of individual choice.
"However we'd like to understand people's boundaries for sharing, for instance would they be okay to make it available to more professionals involved in their care, or to researchers to look at better treatments and prevention?
"We have an excellent reputation for health related research in the region's Universities and we want to make them work better with our local doctors, nurses, and hospitals to help make full use of the data that is already there.
"As we move forward we'll find many examples where decisions are made by professionals from getting more appropriate information about a patient, and I'm sure lives will be saved."
There is hesitation from some about sharing their health data, who are worried what it might be used for. But the researchers propose to address this through giving patients the rights over how their own data is used.
Dr McDonald envisages a system where you can set your privacy settings: "We want people to control who they share their health data with and we hope most will be happy to donate their data to the NHS, but we absolutely respect those who don't."
He sees sharing health data as something people will want to do. He said: "We are looking to improve patient care for everyone.
"In return for putting your really important information in the ambulance and in the emergency room we want to say 'we might have saved your life with these information systems but we want to do more – we want to use your data to do research and save other people's lives as well'.
"We want to make the North East the best place in the world to do research. We want people to take pride in what we're doing here and that we're going to make the North East a better place to live and to do research.
He continues: "For me information is the new coal - and information systems are the new shipbuilding, systems that we need to bring to the North East to improve the health of the region.
"If we get it right these programmes will be copied across the world, we're already speaking to the New York E Health Collaborative who have done this for 8 million people.
"There is a huge opportunity here for people to improve their own lives and save other people's lives at the same time."
For more information on Connected Health Cities visit _URL_


Atlantic Yellow-nosed Albatross
From All Birds Wiki
Atlantic Yellow-nosed Albatross
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Clade: Austrodyptornithes
Order: Procellariiformes
Family: {{{1}}}
Genus: {{{1}}}
Species: T. chlororhynchos
Binomial name
Thalassarche chlororhynchos
Synonyms
Thalassarche chlororhynchos chlororhynchos
The Atlantic Yellow-nosed Albatross, Thalassarche chlororhynchos, is a large seabird in the albatross family. This small mollymawk was once considered conspecific with the Indian Yellow-nosed Albatross and known as the Yellow-nosed Albatross.
Other names[edit]
Molly, mollymauk[3].
Description[edit]
Similar species[edit]
Behaviour[edit]
Diet[edit]
Calls[edit]
Reproduction[edit]
Distribution/habitat[edit]
References[edit]
 1. ^ BirdLife International (2008). Thalassarche chlororhynchos. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 18 Feb 2009.
 2. ^ Brands, S. (2008)
 3. ^ Terres, John K. (1980). The Audubon Society Encyclopedia of North American Birds. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. ISBN _PHONE_.
External links[edit]
Projects
<fb:like/>
File:Paw 1.png This article is part of Project Aves, a All Birds project that aims to write comprehensive articles on each bird, including made-up species.
File:Wilson's Storm-Petrel.png This article is part of Project Procellariiformes, a All Birds project that aims to write comprehensive articles on each tubenose, including made-up species.
File:Thalassarche cauta portrait - SE Tasmania.png This article is part of Project Diomedeidae, a All Birds project that aims to write comprehensive articles on each albatross, including made-up species.


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How Osquery Works and How Osquery FIM benefits Security Researchers
How Osquery Works and How Osquery FIM benefits Security Researchers
Article
June 25, 2020
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Jason Franscisco
This article exclusively helps the beginners out there, who are willing to learn and explore Osquery.
Initially, we would like to explain the mechanism and the technical terms related to Osquery functionality and also give examples to demonstrate how Osquery works.
We all know that Osquery is a tool that exposes an operating system as a high-performance relational database by enabling the developers to write SQL-based queries.
SQL tables are thus created to understand the performance or data related to:
 - Processes under execution
 - Loaded kernel modules
 - Open network connections
 - Browser plugins
 - Hardware events
 - File hashes
Let us understand, how technically Osquery works and what all are required for a successful query processing.
Query Engine
The query engine of Osquery is completely SQLite, thus making it simpler to the users while querying, parsing, optimizing and executing the data as required. Also, the data here is not stored in SQLite, but captured under Virtual Tables or RocksDB Database.
Virtual Tables
Virtual Tables are the soul of Osquery, which are defined through a DSL implemented in Python. These tables are generated during a query execution either by parsing a file or calling a system API, which further plays a vital role in analytics.
How Query Engine and Virtual Tables are related?
 - Initially, Osquery build powers the SQLite with all the required data definitions and file hierarchies, which helps to retrieve the data dynamically.
 - When the user passes a query, the engine requests the Virtual Tables to generate the data
 - Now, the Osquery code translates the SQLite table constraints so that the virtual table can generate the requested data using APIS.
Event System
The Osquery has an intelligent Event system, which has a keen eye for monitoring sense. Each time a virtual table is queried, the event system can generate, filter and store data to be exposed. A continuous visibility is promised with the help of this Event system, where the Publishers are also granted the permission to develop their own event scheduler thread and can choose the API of their choice.
Scheduler
A smart move, which allows the queries to run on an approximate scheduled time interval , rather than exact one, thus preventing resource spikes across the fleet.
Diff Engine
Osquery has an excellent feature of Differential Engine, which helps to output only the most relevant data. Each time a query runs, the results of that query are stored in the internal RocksDB store.
RocksDB
In order to support the buffering of events efficiently, an outer agent called RocksDB, is used by Osquery, which is a highly write-optimized, embedded key-value database that is compiled into the Osquery binary.
Configuration and Logger Plugins
As we know that Osquery runs in various environments, the Configuration Plugins and the result of log plugins need to be adaptable to all the platforms. Hence these Osquery plugins provide the required configuration to the daemon.
Distributed Plugins
Though not essential, the Distributed plugins enable remote live querying of data from Osquery.
Static Compilation
Osquery binds most of its dependencies into a single static executable form, by easing the deployment of wide array of endpoints.
Watchdog
A watchdog of Osquery can be defined as a performance monitor guard for every query processing. It keeps tabs on the currently executing processes and kills the unwanted worker process if they exceed beyond the defined thresholds. Watchdog can also blacklist the least performing or problem causing queries.
How Does Osquery Work?
Osquery can be widely implemented to know system related information.
Let us try to find the following:
 - To know the tables and the columns
 - Query: .schema users
 - List users
Query: SELECT * FROM users;
 - Get the process name, port and PID for all processes
 - Query: SELECT DISTINCT processes.name,listening_ports.port,processes.pid FROM listening_ports JOIN processes using (pid);
 - To know logged in type, user, host
 - Query: SELECT type, user, host FROM logged_in_users WHERE type = 'active';
 - To know open ipv4 local_address, remote_address, local_port, remote port
 - Query: SELECT local_address, remote_address, local_port, remote_port, state FROM process_open_sockets WHERE family ='2';
 - To know ipv6 open local_address, remote_address, local_port, remote port
 - Query: SELECT local_address, remote_address, local_port, remote_port, state FROM process_open_sockets WHERE family ='10';
 - To know routes information
 - Query: SELECT * FROM routes;
 - Check Whether your system is compromised or not
 - Query: SELECT name, path, pid FROM processes WHERE on_disk=0;
 - Query: SELECT pid, name FROM processes;
 - Query: SELECT pid, name FROM processes WHERE name="chrome.exe";
How Osquery File Integrity Monitoring Helps a Security Researcher
Security breaches start with a small change in the existing network or files, thus exposing all the sensitive data beyond limits, welcoming a potential threat further.
File Integrity Monitoring is one of the combat mechanisms for security threats, which tracks and records every single change that may have occurred in either stored or exposed file systems further alerting you on anomaly activities.
What is File Integrity Monitoring?
FIM is a technology that helps to monitor and detect the changes in files or any suspicious activity which may lead to a future cyber attack. FIM helps us to understand the file integrity monitoring by analyzing every file and checks how, when and by whom they are changed. It also suggests the process to restore those files if in case the modifications done were un-authorized.
Importance of FIM in security perspective
 - High Protection to IT Infrastructure is always ensured through FIM which monitors the file changes on servers, databases, network devices, directory servers, applications, cloud environments, virtual images and also alerts about unauthorized changes.
 - Helps always to stay focused and Compliant to many regulatory compliance standards like PCI-DSS, NERC CIP, FISMA, SOX, NIST and HIPAA, and also assists to adhere to the best practice frameworks like the CIS security benchmarks.
 - Threat Intelligence is one more extended advantage of FIM which notifies about the change intelligence when needed along with business context and remediation steps.
 - Encourages organizations to set up initial policies and baseline guidelines , which explains what kind of files are needed to be monitored under FIM
 - Intense monitoring and instant reporting on malicious activity, which can help in further exploitation.
Conclusion:
Osquery is the most implemented and recognized way of exposing a system level data with a relational-database-like API which enables to query and understand one's own operating system to detect the zombie processes or any threat exposures.
Security researches consider Osquery as a powerful weapon to efficiently manage File Integrity Monitoring, Anomaly detection, Malware analysis and a robust threat intelligence adaptation.
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About Loginsoft
For over 16 years, leading companies in Telecom, Cybersecurity, Healthcare, Banking, New Media and more have come to rely on Loginsoft as a trusted resource for technology talent. Whether Onsite, Offsite, or Offshore, we deliver.
Loginsoft is a leading Cybersecurity services company providing Security Advisory Research to generate metadata for vulnerabilities in Open source components, Discovering ZeroDay Vulnerabilities, Developing Vulnerability Detection signatures using MITRE OVAL Language.
Expertise in Integrations with Threat Intelligence and Security Products, integrated more than 200+ integrations with leading TIP, SIEM, SOAR and Ticketing Platforms such as Cortex XSOAR, Anomali, ThreatQ, Splunk, IBM QRadar, IBM Resilient, Microsoft Azure Sentinel, ServiceNow, Swimlane, Siemplify, MISP, Maltego, Cryptocurrency APIs with Digital Exchange Platforms, CISCO, Datadog, Symantec, Carbonblack, F5, Fortinet and so on.
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text:
One cup of fresh orange juice contains 124 mg of ascorbic acid (vitamin C, C6H8O6).
Given that one cup = 237.2 mL, calculate the molarity of vitamin C in orange juice.
Frequently Asked Questions
What scientific concept do you need to know in order to solve this problem?
Our tutors have indicated that to solve this problem you will need to apply the Molarity concept. You can view video lessons to learn Molarity. Or if you need more Molarity practice, you can also practice Molarity practice problems.
What professor is this problem relevant for?
Based on our data, we think this problem is relevant for Professor Eley's class at Alcorn State University.


start.html" page on your screen
If you want to start up on a specific website, change the line where it says
_browser = new ChromiumWebBrowser(GetPagePath("start.html"))
to be something like
_browser = new ChromiumWebBrowser("_URL_")
With using local files, however, you now have the option to build your entire WinForms application UI using HTML5 and JavaScript.
The best part, however, is that your .NET code can easily interact with the JavaScript code in the loaded page.
In my example, the page title, where it says ".NET Nuts and Bolts….", is implemented using a DIV tag and the Bootstrap page header styles.
Because I'm using Bootstrap, that means that I also have jQuery loaded in the page.
By using jQuery, we can easily find our page header with an id = "pageHeader" and change its contents using the following snippet of JavaScript:
var header = $('#pageHeader');
$(header).children('h1').children('small').text
 ('Welcome to the future of UI').addClass('text-success');
In my example, I've attached this script to one of the .NET buttons on my top blue panel, and then asked the CEFSharp browser to execute the above JavaScript on my page for me, using the following method:
private void BtnChangeHeaderClick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
 string script = "";
 script += "var header = $('#pageHeader');";
 script += "$(header).children('h1').children('small')
 .text('Welcome to the future of UI')
 .addClass('text-success');";
 _browser.ExecuteScriptAsync(script);
}
The ExecuteScriptAsync call will take the string passed to it, and execute that in your page's JavaScript interpreter, and, in this case, will change the page header from:
Like09
Figure 9: Page header 1
to:
Like10
Figure 10: Page header 2
In the example project, I've provided a couple more examples that save and populate the contents of the two fields you can see on the form in the page.
It's also possible to call .NET functions from within your JavaScript code in the page.
You do this by creating classes containing your data and methods that you want to expose to the page.
At the moment, properties in a class are read only. You can set them by using a method, but you can't set them directly from .NET code.
To expose a .NET object to your JS code, you have to register it when you create your browser object. First, create a simple class:
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace cefsharp_v2
{
 public class MyObject
 {
 public void MyThingToCallFromJavaScript
 (string parameterOne, int parameterTwo)
 {
 MessageBox.Show("This is a message box in .NET
 that got " + parameterOne + " and a value
 of " + parameterTwo);
 }
 }
}
Once you've created the class in your project, go to the code you added earlier, where you created the CefSharp browser object, and made it visible.
Alter that code so that it now looks like the following:
private void InitializeBrowserControl()
{
 _browser = new ChromiumWebBrowser
 (GetPagePath("start.html"))
 {
 Dock = DockStyle.Fill
 };
 PnlHtml.Controls.Add(_browser);
 _browser.RegisterJsObject("myObject",
 new MyObject());
}
As you can see, we create a new instance of our class and register it to the browser object.
The first parameter, "myObject", is the prefix you'd like to make available to call your object by.
There's also a third parameter that defaults to "true", which means call my methods as "camel Case" methods, that is, make all my identifiers when registering, so that the first letter of each method name is in lowercase. If you set this third parameter to "false", the calling scheme for the function names will exactly match how you spelled them when defining the function.
I'll leave things as they are for this example, and use camel case. With your class registered, somewhere inside any of your pages, and using JavaScript you now can do the following:
myObject.MyThingToCallFromJavaScript
 ("Some text in a string", 20);
and when you trigger this, either as a form post, or from an HTML button, you'll find that your HTML page calls directly into your .NET code.
In my example project, I've provided a much better example, where the contents of the form can be saved, and when the form is "posted" its inputs are validated not by the server, but by the Windows Forms application hosting things.
There's lots more you can do here. You intercept downloads, see the request URLs before they're dispatched, and there are lots of different events you can hook to provide your application with all sorts of feedback.
You also can use CEF Sharp for data scraping, much more effectively than the built-in IE control. My sample application is just a small snippet of what's available.
Got a tricky .NET issue you want to solve, or think you've spotted some strange APIs in the wild you're curious about? Tweet me at "@shawty_ds", and you might just see it featured in a future column.
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text:
The following letters are interesting on several accounts. First, the 1941 letter to the Colemans is a demonstration of how Pink's own work on the Studies affected him spiritually. Pink may have been eccentric but, as this letter shows, he was far from stoic. The letter also provides a rare instance where Pink mentions both his father and his sister (and their apparent struggles with insomnia).
Greetings in the blessed Name of Him who says, "I would have you wise unto that which is good and simple (uninformed and unacquainted – the opposite of "wise") concerning evil." (Rom. 16:19). I wonder if you have ever pondered the second clause or sought to ascertain what it signifies and implies?


text:
Screen printing with sensors next aim for smart textiles
The pre-study project aims to explore novel material available to produce elastic conductive paste as well as a manufacturing process for the fabrication of textile-electronic integrated garments.
Opening for Swedish textile manufacturing industry
The newly developed conductive screen-printing paste will together with the customization of the manufacturing process allow the Swedish textile manufacturing industry to meet the blooming of the sector of sensorized garments will be boosted by the global proliferation of applications in the field of personalized Health, Personal Protective Equipment and fitness.
−We will develop an elastic conductive coating paste formulation for deposition on textile-friendly surfaces and then customized manufacturing methods using screen printing to produce reliable and robust electronic circuits on textile substrates. In particular, we will study various concepts for elastic conductive materials based on carbon nanotubes and metallic particles, says Co-opted Prof. Fernando Seoane, manager of the project, at the University of Borås.
The results of project will improve the integration of electronics with textiles and facilitate the manufacturing of textile-electronic integrated products by combining printed electronics and smart textiles.
In the project, participate the polymer research group leaded by Prof. Skrivfars, the Borås based companies, ACG Accent AB Syverket AB and Swedish ICT ACREO in Norrköping
The pre-study runs over six months and is financed by Vinnova.
Front page illustration: Colourbox


text:
The Desert rose is made of gypsum crystals in connection with sand. The chemical formula is CaSO4 * 2H2O. The hardness is about 1.5 to 2.
Desert roses crystallize, because of the gypsum crystals in the monoclinical crystal system. There are sulfatic solutions which crystallize near the surface and form these aggregates with the desert sand. So it is the structure of the gypsum crystals.
The process only takes place in desert areas, so we can find desert roses in the Sahara and in the Southwest of the USA. There exist little stones and also stones which are several meters high. The reason of the name is firstly that we find the Desert rose in deserts and the second syllable is because of the form.
Desert roses consist of many wafers which are one in another and which have got a round form. At the each they are thin and they become thicker in the middle. Desert roses are redbrown, but bright.


text:
SIS Seminar Series: "Digital Devices in Archive Reading Rooms: Assessing Regulations in the TARO Archives." Guest Speaker Dr. U. Karadkar
Join us for a McGill School of Information Studies (SIS) Seminar Series talk on archival device regulations and mobile applications to assist in archival research with guest speaker Dr. Unmil Karadkar, Assistant Professor in the School of Information at The University of Texas at Austin.
Doing research in the archive is the cornerstone of humanities scholarship. To protect their materials and to provide a welcoming environment for scholars, archives establish regulations regarding the use of technological devices, such as mobile phones, laptops, and cameras in their reading rooms. Such regulations directly affect the scholars as the devices mediate the nature of their interaction with the source materials in terms of capturing, organizing, note taking, and record keeping for future use of found materials. In this talk, I will present our evaluation of the device use regulations published by thirty archives. This evaluation, along with data from interviews of scholars and archivists, is intended to serve as a basis for developing mobile applications for assisting scholars in their research activities. In this paper we introduce early prototypes of two mobile applications—AMTracker for viewing archive regulations and STARDocMan for capturing documents and adding metadata in the reading rooms.
Unmil Karadkar is a tenure-track Assistant Professor in the School of Information at The University of Texas at Austin. He conducts research at the intersection of human-centered computing, digital collections, and information visualization, bridging the gap between the information needs and goals of a community by augmenting digital collections, designing software to use these collections, and evaluating the impact of the designed software on a community's practices. He collaborates with researchers from diverse areas such as the sciences, humanities, and nursing. He holds a PhD in Computer Science from Texas A&M University.
Everyone welcome. Please arrive early to secure a seat.


Approval workflow of timesheet in a few steps:
 1. Submit
 2. Approve/Reject
 3. Lock/Unlock
The process of submitting the hours has been explained in details here.
After the hours have been submitted, depending on how the project has been set, logged hours can be automatically approved or must be approved by a project manager.
How does it know a user if the hours needs to be approved or not?
After the hours have been submit by the user, each status is identified through a color code as explained in the legend from timesheet.
Automatically approved or need review before approvalIn the imagine above the hours submitted on the projects" Axaxio" and "Main App" needs to be approved. The hours submitted on "Glass" project have been automatically approved.
Who can approve/reject the hours submitted on a project?
The persons who have the following access level: "Project Manager", "Project Director", "Accounting" and have been added into the "Project managers" table from the project's page. They will have full access to the project data (rates, allocations).
The person with access level "Administrator" is the only person who can approve or reject hours even if hasn't been added into "Project managers" table from a specific project.
How can be approved/rejected hours submitted on a project?
 1. Go to "Timesheet" from menu.
 2. Go to "Approve/Reject" tab
If you have hours submitted who needs to be reviewed, these will be shown here as you can see in the imagine below.
Approval workflow for timesheetsYou can use the filters from sidebar to approve hours only for a specific project or for a specific person.
Even more, you have the possibility to add comment for hours who have been submitted.
The hours are approved manually for a better accuracy for each project, phase or activity in part, separately for each week submitted and for each individual.
If you want to approve the hours, click on "Approve" button, otherwise click on "Reject" button.
Approval/Rejection NoteIf you "Approve" the hours, these will appear into timesheet in cells with green border.
If you "Reject" the hours, these will appear into timesheet in cell with red border.
The user can be notified as well automatically by email if the hours have been approved or rejected.
Timesheet submitted hours versus Hours logged on tasks
As reviewer, you will be able to compare for each user the hours who have been submitted through timesheet versus hours logged on tasks.
Hours can be modified after they have been approved?
No, the person who needs to modify the hours that are already approved, will have to go to his manager/accounting to "Open and resubmit" the hours again.
After the changes are done, the person will have to submit once again the hours, by clicking on "Submit week".
The hours submitted again will be sent to be reviewed once again.
Lock/Unlock hours
 1. Go to "Timesheet" from menu.
 2. Click on "Lock/Unlock" tab.
Meaning of lock and unlock hoursOnce you "Lock" the hours the hours can not be modified anymore by the users who submitted the hours. This extra layer of security is good for when you want to create a report for the client with the hours who will be invoiced and you want to avoid as an user to change the hours in the meantime after have been already approved.
You have to lock the hours for each week and individual for each week. It's your choice if you want to:
 - Lock only the hours who have been already approved, or
 - Lock all the hours (saved, allocated)
choose if you want to lock all the hours who have been submitted
Who has the right to lock and unlock the hours?
Only the persons who have the following access level: "Accounting" or "Administrator" can lock or unlock the hours.
How can be hours automatically locked?
The hours will be automatically locked only after the invoice has been issued directly from elapseit based on the timesheet logged.
How does a user know if the hours are locked or not?
The hours locked will appears into the timesheet having a lock icon inside the cell.
Locked hours in timesheet
Leave a Reply


text:
Looking for a scripture-inspired art project for your kids to enjoy this Christmas? I think you'll love this A Child Is Born Christmas Art project.
(Post contains affiliate links; see disclosure for details.)
"For unto us a Child is born,
Unto us a Son is given;
And the government will be upon His shoulder.
And His name will be called
Wonderful, Counselor, Mighty God,
Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace."
As far as the project logistics, kids of all ages can enjoy this activity. Younger kids may need some help with some of the cutting and tracing elements, but the other parts are easily doable for most kids.
Also worth noting, this isn't a fast project. We did part of this project at night and finished it the next morning.
On that note, this is a great project for fidgety kids because of the drying time involved in the steps. That drying time may seem like a nuisance, but it's actually a blessing because it gives kids time to get up and move around during the steps.
Now that the logistics are out of the way, let's get going.
A Child Is Born Christmas Art
Before getting started, be sure you have all of the supplies needed for this mixed media project. If you have crafty kids, it's likely that you already have most of these items on hand.
- Canvas panels or stretched canvas
- Acrylic paint, contrasting colors are best. (We used black, yellow, and gold.)
- Patterned scrapbook paper
- Sponge Paintbrushes
- Modge Podge
- Paint pens (We used white and gold painters.)
- Pencil with eraser
- Template (optional)
- Sharpie (optional)
Once you've got the supplies gathered, it's time to get started on your A Child Is Born Christmas Art Project.
1. Prepare the background
The first step in this project is an easy one. Have your kiddo thoroughly cover the entire canvas with acrylic paint. My little one used black with a little bit of purple added in for her background.
Encourage your child to choose a paint color that contrasts with your scrapbook paper selections. Using a contrasting paint color will help the other elements of the project stand out when the project is finished.
2. Add paper cutouts
While the background dries, have your child finalize the scrapbook paper choices for the nativity scene. This A Child Is Born Christmas Art involves a good bit of cutting, but this is a great opportunity to use leftover paper scraps since most of the cut-outs are small. Here's what you'll need to cut from the paper scraps:
- three small circles for faces
- small star
- two bodies (abstract shapes are fine; arms, legs, and realistic silhouettes aren't needed.)
- small bundle to represent Baby Jesus
- several small paper strips to go under Baby Jesus (you can't see these in my daughter's finished work because of the way she positioned them, but they're a nice effect.)
- a stable or cave-type structure (You're welcome to use this template if you wish. The quality isn't great, but it works for tracing purposes.)
We like to lightly draw these shapes on the back of our scrapbook paper. That allows us to erase and adjust as needed before cutting.
After the cut-outs are ready and the background paint is dry, coat the entire surface with a layer of Modge Podge. This will seal the paint and glue the scrapbook cut-outs to the canvas.
3. Writing and word placement
Your kiddo can gently place the stable scene cut-outs when the canvas is coated with the Modge Podge. Remind him to carefully press down all areas of the cut-outs to ensure they make contact with the Modge Podge.
We added another coat of Modge Podge to cover our cut-outs when the adhesive layer dried, but you can skip this if you like.
When the surface dries, have your child write out the "For unto us a child is born" portion of the scripture using a paint pen. If you haven't already done so, your child can cut out the paper strips from the template while the paint pen dries.
4. Position scripture descriptions
If you guessed that another layer of Modge Podge is next, you'd be right! Have your kiddo apply the Modge Podge and then carefully position the scripture descriptions from Isaiah 9:6.
5. Accent with paint
When the surface is dry again, your child can add the final touches. Dots of paint can be added in groups of three using a pencil eraser, while a crumbled paper towel can be dipped in another color to fill in any empty areas.
For the dots, my daughter used a shade of yellow in this step, but she chose a champagne glitter finish for the paper towel accent. If he likes, your child can also add smiles to the faces of Baby Jesus, Joseph, and Mary using a Sharpie.
5 Days of Mixed Media Christmas Art for Kids
Looking for more Christmas art ideas for your kids to enjoy? Don't miss the others in this 5-day series:
You can also check out our favorite winter art workshop, Winter Wonderland. This fantastic e-course has plenty of Christmas and winter projects to keep your older kids and teens busy all season long. The course covers acrylic and watercolor painting, sketching, chalkboard art, hand lettering, collage art, and more.
The best part is that the course comes with lifetime access. That means you can tackle these projects in your own time with no pressure to complete them by a particular date.
You can learn more about the workshop by clicking the image above or checking out my Winter Wonderland review.


text:
Most Active Stories
Shots - Health Blog
Mon December 26, 2011
Singing Therapy Helps Stroke Patients Speak Again
Debra Meyerson was hiking near Lake Tahoe 15 months ago when a stroke destroyed part of the left side of her brain, leaving her literally speechless. It happens to more than 150,000 Americans a year.
But now Meyerson is learning to talk again through an approach that trains the undamaged right side of her brain to "speak." Specifically, it's a region that controls singing.
For more than 100 years, it's been known that people who can't speak after injury to the speech centers on the left side of the brain can sing.
In the 1970s, Boston researchers started to use a sort of "singing therapy" to help stroke survivors speak again.
However, it never caught on much – perhaps because a lot of therapists, not to mention patients, weren't comfortable singing what they wanted to say. And back then, the science wasn't advanced enough to show the actual changes in the brain that result from the therapy.
That's changing fast.
Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords, who has had a version of "singing therapy," astounded everyone by her ability to speak again – albeit so far in single words and short phrases. Nearly a year ago, a would-be assassin's bullet tore through the speech center in Giffords' left brain.
Less visibly, an NIH-funded study at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston may be the first rigorous trial of singing therapy. They call it melodic intonation therapy. Post-stroke patients are assigned to a form of conventional speech therapy or to singing therapy. They undergo 90 minutes of treatment a day for 15 weeks.
Debra Meyerson, 54, is a volunteer in that study. Her aphasia is a cruel twist of fate. Meyerson is an expert in gender and race relations who was a dynamic and popular speaker before her stroke. After a year of conventional speech therapy, she couldn't speak more than a word or two.
When NPR sat in on one of her therapy sessions recently, Meyerson still struggled to speak even the simplest phrases. But she's beginning to talk again.
"If you go to a restaurant and the server asks if you'd like something before your main dish, you might choose something like this," therapist Andrea Norton says, showing Meyerson a picture of a salad. Then Norton sings the word "salad," intoning the syllables on a minor third – the tune every child knows from the taunt "nyah-nyah! nyah-nyah!"
Norton slows everything down. That's critical because the right side of Meyerson's brain – the singing part that's being retrained to "speak" – is good at melody and pitch, but it's not as fast as the left-sided language center, called Broca's area.
It's also not as good at the rhythmic components of speech. That's why Norton taps Meyerson's left hand (controlled by the right brain). The tapping entrains the rhythms of speech and engages the motor nerves needed to produce speech in Meyerson's mouth and throat.
Then she shifts to a different phase – bridging the gap between singing and speaking. First Norton has Meyerson sing the phrase "Would you pour me a glass, please?" Next the therapist says it with exaggerated diction that's in between singing and normal speech.
Then, gratifyingly, Norton speaks the sentence. "Would you pour me a glass, please?" she says. "Nice!" Norton says.
Watching this laborious process, you might not appreciate the remarkable thing that's going on inside the brains of patients like Meyerson. The Harvard team has evidence that melodic intonation therapy actually remolds the brain.
One of the clearest examples is Laurel Fontaine, a 16-year-old sophomore at North Attleborough High School in southeastern Massachusetts. A little more than four years ago, when Laurel was 11, she suffered a devastating stroke – unusual in a child, but not as rare as you might think.
Laurel's stroke destroyed 80 percent of the right side of her brain. One of her doctors says it's the biggest stroke he's ever seen.
"My doctor told me I'm not going to talk, I'm not going to walk, I'm not going to, like, do anything...press buttons...ever," she says.
After a year of conventional speech therapy, Laurel could speak only a word or two at a time. Then her mother persuaded the Beth Israel Deaconess researchers to let Laurel enroll in their research project.
The singing therapy lasted only about four months, but it's had permanent effects. Though Laurel still struggles sometimes to find the words she wants, she doesn't have to sing them out loud.
"I'm singing in my head and talking out loud without singing," she says between classes. "I do it, like, really quick."
Laurel offered the researchers a big bonus – an identical twin sister named Heather. So the researchers could use MRI scans to compare the girls' brains. They focused on a structure on the right side that's important for singing.
Before Laurel began melodic intonation therapy, that structure was smaller in her brain compared to Heather's. That's probably because she hadn't been doing anything with her voice for a whole year.
But during therapy, scans showed that nerve fibers in Laurel's right-sided singing center actually grew – they clearly multiplied and thickened. With therapy, those nerve bundled got bigger than the corresponding region in Heather's brain.
Dr. Gottfried Schlaug, who heads the study, says that's exactly what he was looking for.
"It is the perfect confirmation," he says. "Basically, the hardware of the system really changed to support this increased vocal output."
And Laurel continues to improve. It's possible, Schlaug says, that when Laurel is in her 20s, someone who didn't know any better would never suspect she ever had a massive stroke that left her unable to speak.
The Age Factor
But how much of her remarkable recovery is because Laurel was so young when her brain was injured? Schlaug says her youth was definitely a factor.
"However, we know that patients even in their 80s can show plastic changes to their brain, can show adaptations," he says. It just may take longer. And, as with learning a foreign language at a later age, an older brain may never get to the same level.
From his work with older patients Schlaug says a surprising amount of recovery is possible. He also reports good results working with autistic children and people with Parkinson's disease who have trouble speaking.
Schlaug thinks singing therapy can be enhanced by simultaneously stimulating the brain with painless, low-voltage electricity – and one day, possibly, by drugs.
For now, it takes an incredible amount of willpower. Meyerson can testify to that.
"Recovery is long and hard," Meyerson told Laurel Fontaine recently when therapist Andrea Norton brought them together.
"Well, it's hard at first," Laurel told the older woman. "But you can get used to it. I'm getting better all the time. Don't get frustrated."
"Yes...yes...thank you!" Meyerson replied, clearly moved by Laurel's example.
Clearly Laurel's a star and Deb Meyerson has a long way to go. But she's determined to get there. By next Labor Day – the second anniversary of her stroke – Meyerson wants to start public speaking again, this time as an advocate for better stroke care.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Reviews reflect patients' level of satisfaction with the care they received from this provider. Dr. Moon Woo Nam does not yet have any reviews.
Dr. Moon Woo Nam, MD is a Doctor primarily located in Maywood, IL, with other offices in Plover, WI and Wisconsin Rapids, WI. Her specialties include Pathology. Dr. Nam is affiliated with Loyola University Medical Center, Apirus Riverview Hospital and Aspirus Wausau Hospital. She speaks English.
Find out the languages this doctor/ or staff may speak.
Specialties & Expertise
Dr. Moon Woo Nam has the following 3 areas of expertise and 1 specialty.
A pathologist is a physician who specializes in the causes and paths taken by different diseases in order to accurately diagnose an illness.
Pathologists diagnose and determine the characteristics of a disease through the study of biopsies of diseased tissue or of bodily fluids. For example, a pathologist will look at a biopsy of a skin lesion in order to diagnose or rule out skin cancer. A pathologist will also look at a Pap smear in order to check for a gynecological cancer like cancer of the uterus.
In addition to determining the cause and development of a disease, these specialists also study the changes a disease makes to a body and the consequences of those structural changes.
See areas of expertise for treating specific conditions, procedures and surgeries for this doctor.
Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease in which your body is unable to maintain a normal blood sugar (glucose) level.
Locations & Directions
Dr. Moon Woo Nam, MD is similar to these 3 Doctors near Maywood, IL.


Cubist is an R port of the Cubist GPL C code released by RuleQuest at _URL_ See the last section of this document for information on the porting. The other parts describes the functionality of the R package.
Model Trees
Cubist is a rule-based model that is an extension of Quinlan's M5 model tree. A tree is grown where the terminal leaves contain linear regression models. These models are based on the predictors used in previous splits. Also, there are intermediate linear models at each step of the tree. A prediction is made using the linear regression model at the terminal node of the tree, but is "smoothed" by taking into account the prediction from the linear model in the previous node of the tree (which also occurs recursively up the tree). The tree is reduced to a set of rules, which initially are paths from the top of the tree to the bottom. Rules are eliminated via pruning and/or combined for simplification.
This is explained better in Quinlan (1992). Wang and Witten (1997) attempted to recreate this model using a "rational reconstruction" of Quinlan (1992) that is the basis for the M5P model in Weka (and the R package RWeka).
An example of a model tree can be illustrated using the Ames housing data in the modeldata package.
library(Cubist)
data(ames, package = "modeldata")
# model the data on the log10 scale
ames$Sale_Price <- log10(ames$Sale_Price)
set.seed(11)
in_train_set <- sample(1:nrow(ames), floor(.8*nrow(ames)))
predictors <-
 c("Lot_Area", "Alley", "Lot_Shape", "Neighborhood", "Bldg_Type",
 "Year_Built", "Total_Bsmt_SF", "Central_Air", "Gr_Liv_Area",
 "Bsmt_Full_Bath", "Bsmt_Half_Bath", "Full_Bath", "Half_Bath",
 "TotRms_AbvGrd", "Year_Sold", "Longitude", "Latitude")
ames$Sale_Price <- log10(ames$Sale_Price)
train_pred <- ames[ in_train_set, predictors]
test_pred <- ames[-in_train_set, predictors]
train_resp <- ames$Sale_Price[ in_train_set]
test_resp <- ames$Sale_Price[-in_train_set]
model_tree <- cubist(x = train_pred, y = train_resp)
model_tree
##
## Call:
## cubist.default(x = train_pred, y = train_resp)
##
## Number of samples: 2344
## Number of predictors: 17
##
## Number of committees: 1
## Number of rules: 11
summary(model_tree)
##
## Call:
## cubist.default(x = train_pred, y = train_resp)
##
##
## Cubist [Release 2.07 GPL Edition] Fri May 28 16:18:26 2021
## ---------------------------------
##
## Target attribute 'outcome'
##
## Read 2344 cases (18 attributes) from undefined.data
##
## Model:
##
## Rule 1: [107 cases, mean 0._PHONE_, range 0._PHONE_ to 0.725238, est err 0._PHONE_]
##
## if
## Year_Built <= 1952
## Central_Air = N
## Gr_Liv_Area <= 1692
## then
## outcome = 2._PHONE_ + 2.89e-05 Gr_Liv_Area - 0.0011 Year_Sold
## + 2e-05 Year_Built + 1.1e-06 Total_Bsmt_SF
## + 0.0003 Bsmt_Full_Bath
##
## Rule 2: [333 cases, mean 0._PHONE_, range 0._PHONE_ to 0._PHONE_, est err 0._PHONE_]
##
## if
## Neighborhood in {Old_Town, Edwards, Gilbert, Sawyer, Sawyer_West,
## Brookside, Iowa_DOT_and_Rail_Road, Timberland,
## South_and_West_of_Iowa_State_University}
## Year_Built <= 1952
## Central_Air = Y
## then
## outcome = 0._PHONE_ + 1.87e-05 Gr_Liv_Area + 0.00011 Year_Built
## + 3.4e-06 Total_Bsmt_SF + 0.0009 Bsmt_Full_Bath
## + 7e-08 Lot_Area
##
## Rule 3: [176 cases, mean 0._PHONE_, range 0._PHONE_ to 0._PHONE_, est err 0._PHONE_]
##
## if
## Neighborhood in {College_Creek, Edwards, Somerset, Northridge_Heights,
## Gilbert, Sawyer_West, Mitchell, Iowa_DOT_and_Rail_Road,
## Timberland, Clear_Creek, Meadow_Village, Briardale,
## Blueste, Landmark}
## Year_Built > 1952
## Total_Bsmt_SF <= 765
## Gr_Liv_Area <= 1692
## then
## outcome = 0.01018 + 0.00034 Year_Built + 1.79e-05 Gr_Liv_Area
## + 2.2e-06 Total_Bsmt_SF + 0.0006 Bsmt_Full_Bath
##
## Rule 4: [87 cases, mean 0._PHONE_, range 0._PHONE_ to 0._PHONE_, est err 0._PHONE_]
##
## if
## Neighborhood in {North_Ames, Crawford}
## Year_Built <= 1952
## Gr_Liv_Area <= 1692
## then
## outcome = 0._PHONE_ + 1.45e-05 Gr_Liv_Area + 7e-06 Year_Built
## + 4e-07 Total_Bsmt_SF
##
## Rule 5: [35 cases, mean 0._PHONE_, range 0._PHONE_ to 0._PHONE_, est err 0._PHONE_]
##
## if
## Neighborhood in {North_Ames, Old_Town, Sawyer, Northwest_Ames, Crawford,
## Green_Hills}
## Year_Built > 1952
## Total_Bsmt_SF <= 765
## Gr_Liv_Area <= 1692
## then
## outcome = 0._PHONE_ + 0.000232 Year_Built + 1.16e-05 Gr_Liv_Area
## + 8.4e-06 Total_Bsmt_SF + 0.0013 Bsmt_Full_Bath
##
## Rule 6: [1428 cases, mean 0._PHONE_, range 0._PHONE_ to 0._PHONE_, est err 0._PHONE_]
##
## if
## Neighborhood in {North_Ames, College_Creek, Old_Town, Edwards, Gilbert,
## Sawyer, Northwest_Ames, Sawyer_West, Mitchell,
## Iowa_DOT_and_Rail_Road, Timberland,
## South_and_West_of_Iowa_State_University,
## Meadow_Village, Veenker}
## Bldg_Type in {OneFam, TwoFmCon, TwnhsE}
## Year_Built <= 2004
## then
## outcome = 0._PHONE_ + 1.26e-05 Gr_Liv_Area + 0.000171 Year_Built
## + 7.2e-06 Total_Bsmt_SF + 1.8e-07 Lot_Area
##
## Rule 7: [54 cases, mean 0._PHONE_, range 0._PHONE_ to 0._PHONE_, est err 0._PHONE_]
##
## if
## Bldg_Type in {Duplex, Twnhs}
## Gr_Liv_Area > 1692
## then
## outcome = 0._PHONE_ + 1.48e-05 Gr_Liv_Area + 0.000151 Year_Built
## + 4.7e-06 Total_Bsmt_SF + 1.3e-07 Lot_Area
## + 0.0004 Bsmt_Full_Bath
##
## Rule 8: [997 cases, mean 0._PHONE_, range 0._PHONE_ to 0.74771, est err 0._PHONE_]
##
## if
## Year_Built > 1952
## Total_Bsmt_SF > 765
## Gr_Liv_Area <= 1692
## then
## outcome =


Bearded Dragon Care Guide
Bearded Dragon (Pogona vitticeps)
Difficulty: Intermediate
Published: July 2, 2015
 Last Updated: March 31, 2021
bearded dragon natural distribution map australia
Bearded dragons (also known as the inland bearded dragon, central bearded dragon, or yellow-headed bearded dragon) are agamid lizards native to eastern and central Australia. They can be found in a variety of habitats, including semiarid desert, scrublands, and dry forests. They earned their name from their spiky, expandable throat pouch that can look very much like a beard, especially when it darkens to black.
These lizards are diurnal, meaning that they are most active during the day. They love to bask, and are commonly found sunbathing on everything from rocks and fallen branches to fenceposts and picnic tables. Although they are technically terrestrial, bearded dragons are both excellent climbers and skilled burrowers, and naturally dig burrows for shelter from predators and the elements. Since they are diurnal, they also do their hunting during the day. Bearded dragons are omnivorous, so aside from munching a variety of vegetation, they mostly prey upon insects, with the occasional small rodent or lizard.
Bearded dragons tend to be 18″-24″ (45-61 cm) long from snout to tail, weigh between 10-18 oz (283-511 g), and have a lifespan of 10-15+ years. They are usually sexually mature and fully grown at 1-2 years old. They also possess a variety of adaptations that make them perfectly suited to their natural environment:
 - Sticky tongue for grabbing insect prey, like a chameleon
 - Third (parietal) eye on top of their head for detecting predators
 - Spiky scales—usually soft—can be tightened into a sharp spines for self-defense
 - Can darken their color to absorb heat more efficiently
 - Can inflate abdomen to facilitate floating in deep water
Their natural coloration is dull brown or tan with red or gold highlights, depending on local soil color, but modern breeding practices have produced a variety of color morphs from white to lemon yellow to dark red. Some breeders specialize in dragons with bright blue "tiger bars." Modern breeding has also produced different scale textures: Dunners (multidirectional scales), Leatherbacks (small, smooth scales), and Silkbacks (no scales).
Bearded dragons are exceptionally popular as pets, with a calm, curious temperament and array of social behaviors that makes them a safe, entertaining first reptile. They have full-color vision and a keen sense of smell that helps them recognize their keepers, and some people claim that their dragons respond to their names. All bearded dragons available for sale outside of Australia are captive bred.
If you are planning on a bearded dragon as a pet, PLEASE strongly consider adopting one from a rescue or your local classifieds before purchasing from a pet store. There are many adorable, wonderful bearded dragons that have been rejected by their owners and need a forever home.
The market is already flooded with bearded dragons. By adopting, you discourage the breeding and sale of more unwanted dragons. Plus, you can often adopt a beardie for cheaper than you would buy one in the store. It's a win-win!
Bearded Dragon Care Guide — Table of Contents
 1. Introduction to Bearded Dragons ← YOU ARE HERE
 2. Bearded Dragon Shopping List
 3. Terrarium Size & Cohabitation
 4. Heating & Lighting Requirements
 5. Substrate Options
 6. Enclosure Decor & Environmental Enrichment
 7. What Do Bearded Dragons Eat?
 8. Handling Tips
 9. Common Diseases and Other Health Info
 10. Additional Resources
Is this information out of date? Do we need a citation?
ReptiFiles' overall goal is to provide credible, up-to-date source of information for reptile keepers of all stages. We try our best to keep up, but sometimes things slip through the cracks. If you have found something that is out of date or information that needs citing, please contact us at so we can fix it. Thank you!
One Comment
 1. Thank you! Its wonderful to find someone who loves their beardies and really understands them. Hector is shedding right now, and he ain't happy, the spoiled brat!!


Why Can't I See My Friends Story On Snapchat
Your Quick Answer:
There are various possible reasons why you cannot see a friend's story. Mostly, it happens when the user hides the story from you by changing its privacy so that you won't be able to see it.
But it can also be caused when you're using the older version of Snapchat and haven't updated it. You need to update the app to fix the issue, you can also report the issue to Snapchat to examine the problem and fix it.
Often when the server is down or the app is facing some kind of glitch, you won't be able to see your friend's updated stories. But as soon as the glitch is fixed by Snapchat, you might be able to see it again.
If someone has restricted your first account from seeing their stories on Snapchat, you can create a fake account and then add the user to that account to see the upcoming stories.
There are some anonymous ways to see someone's Snapchat stories.
Why Can't I See My Friends Story On Snapchat:
Here are the different possible causes that are preventing you from seeing your friend's stories on Snapchat.
1. Friend's Privacy Settings
It's possible that the friend has restricted your profile from seeing his Snapchat stories. If you can't see someone's Snapchat story, it might be because the user has hidden the story from you by changing his story's privacy settings.
Snapchat allows its users to choose their audiences of stories. Therefore, if someone doesn't want to share their Snapchat stories with you, they can simply change the privacy settings to hide the story from you.
If someone selects Custom privacy and restricts you from viewing his or her stories, all the upcoming stories would be hidden from you unless the user unhides it and removes your name from the Custom Privacy list.
🔴 Steps To Follow:
The steps to hide someone from seeing your stories are mentioned below:
Step 1: Open the Snapchat application on mobile.
Step 2: You'll need to tap on your Bitmoji icon that's at the top left corner of the screen.
click on your Bitmoji icon
Step 3: It will take you to the profile page of your account. You'll be able to see the Settings icon sighted as a wheel at the top right section of the screen. Tap on it.
Settings icon
Step 4: You'll be directed to the Settings page, scroll down the page to find the option View My Story. Tap on it.
 View My Story
Step 5: Next, tap on Custom and you'll be taken to the Custom Privacy page.
click on Custom
Tick mark the circle next to the name of the user from whom you want to hide your story and then post stories.
2. Stories Section Issue
Often when you can't see a friend's stories on Snapchat, it's because of a technical bug that occurs when you use the older version of the application.
From time to time, there's a new update available for the application. But often some users avoid updating the app, this can cause different issues while using the application.
When you don't update your Snapchat application, you may not be able to see many stories of friends. Therefore, if you want to fix the issue you need to update the application from Google Play Store and then log out of your account and then log in again to check if you can view the story or not.
🔴 Steps To Follow:
To update your Snapchat application, you'll need to follow the steps mentioned below:
Step 1: Open the Google Play Store application.
Step 2: Next, you'll need to search for Snapchat in the search box.
Step 3: As the result appears, you'll be able to find the Update option next to the Snapchat app icon.
Step 4: Tap on Update.
Click on Update
Step 5: It will start to update.
Step 6: Next, as soon as the installation is successfully completed, you will find the Open button. Click on it.
Step 7: After opening the application, you need to log out of your Snapchat account.
Step 8: To log out, you'll have to head on to the Settings page. Scroll down the page and tap on Log Out.
first Log Out
Next, log in again to check if you can see the story of your friend.
3. Snapchat App Bugs (Report an issue)
You can also report the issue to Snapchat to let them review the problem and fix it. If you can't see someone's stories on Snapchat even though the user hasn't hidden those from you, you need to report the issue to Snapchat by describing it clearly. Snapchat Help Community will look into the matter and they'll get back to you with the solution or fix it immediately after reviewing it.
Reporting a bug to the Snapchat team can help you fix any issue that you're facing on the Snapchat application. However, you can try a few other techniques to fix the issue of not being able to see someone's story on Snapchat.
You can try to close the application and then restart your phone. After restarting, open Snapchat to check if the issue has been fixed or not. If it doesn't work then try the next method.
Clearing the cache data of Snapchat from the device's Settings may help in fixing the issue. You'll need to click on Applications and Permissions and then click on App Manager. You'll be able to find the list of apps, and from there click on Snapchat. Next, click on Internal Storage and then click on Clear Cache.
🔴 Steps To Follow:
Here are the steps to report an issue on Snapchat:
Step 1: Open the Snapchat application.
Step 2: Next, you'll need to tap on your Bitmoji icon to get into the profile page.
click on your Bitmoji icon
Step 3: You'll need to tap on the Settings icon that is sighted as a wheel.
Settings icon
Step 4: Next, scroll down the Settings page to tap on I Spotted a Bug.
 click on I Spotted a Bug
Step 5: On the next page, tap on Stories and Discover.
click on Stories and Discover
Step 6: Next, you'll need to describe the issue you're facing.
Step 7: Next, tap on Choose Topic and then tap on Friends' Stories.
Click on Choose Topic
Step 8: Then write in the box 'I could not see friend's story' and then tap on the blue Submit button.
blue Submit button
4. Server Issue
Many times when you can't see someone's story on Snapchat, it might be because the Snapchat server if it is down which is why it cannot update you with the latest stories posted by your friend.
If this is the cause, there's nothing you can do to fix it, rather you'll have to wait to get it fixed automatically by Snapchat.
There's no manual method that users can apply to fix server issues. Moreover, when there's a server issue, it gets fixed by Snapchat within a few hours. Therefore, the least you can do is check your Snapchat account from time to time to see if the issue has been fixed or not.
Why Can't I See My Friend's Story on Snapchat:
These are might be the reasons:
1. You both are Not Friends
If you can't see your friend's story on Snapchat, you should consider whether you are friends.
Because you can not see his story, you are not friends. Check his profile and if you are not his friend, add him as a friend, and if you can see that you are his friend, but still you can't see his story, then the issue may be different.
2. The Account Was Deleted or Deactivated
Users can deactivate or delete their Snapchat accounts if they want a break from the app.
Account Was Deleted or Deactivated
But when people deactivate their accounts, other users can not find their profile; thus, other users can not see their Snapchat story. During this deactivation period, you and no one can stalk the person's stories/accounts.
3. Person Blocked You
One of the valid reasons for not being able to see someone's Snapchat story is if the person blocked you.
Person Blocked You
For you, the person's profile does not exist on Snapchat; you can not see his snaps, stories, or even the entire profile will vanish. To check if you are blocked, use your friend's account; if you find him there but not in your account, that means you are blocked.
Snapchat Story Viewer Tools:
Try the following tools:
1. FlexiSpy
⭐ Features of Flexispy:
◘ It is used to monitor online phone calls on Facebook, WhatsApp, etc., or regular phone call apps, and you will know how much time he spent on each app.
◘ You can stalk someone's profile by checking messages, online statuses, call logs, and locations on any social media platform.
🔗 Link: _URL_
🔴 Steps To Follow:
Step 1: Open the Flexispy website using this link create a free account, and purchase their subscription.
Open the Flexispy website
Step 2: After that, they will send a mail to the email address you used during purchasing, containing your login


text:
'Gathering ideas – innovation' page 19. You have done some fantastic unicorn research so far. Well done. I think you are ready to help Professor Dame Folklore write another page for her book 'Unicorns Uncovered'. The 'Introduction' is also intact, and it lists the following chapters: 10. Storm Unicorn 11. Frost Unicorn 12. Rainbow Unicorn 13. Fire Unicorn 14. *Unreadable entry* 15. Mountain Unicorn 16. *Unreadable entry*
You could write about one of the unicorns from the missing chapters or make up your own unicorn.
What is your unicorn called? Think about its body, mane, horn and tail. You could also think about its special features and magical powers. Draw and label your unicorn below. Unicorns can be hard to draw unicorns so there is an outline provided to help you. If you don't want to use this, draw it on separate paper.
Remember to choose an activity from the Topic web.