text:
Institute of Archaeology
- News and Events
- Study Here
- Archaeology Collections at UCL
- Archival Material
- Fieldwork equipment
- Archaeobotany Collections
- Archaeological & Geographical Information Systems Laboratory
- Zooarchaeology Laboratory
- Conservation Laboratories
- Geoarchaeology Laboratory
- Lithics Laboratory
- Wolfson Archaeological Science Laboratories
- Photographic Laboratory
- Ceramic Petrography Analytical Service
- Green Archaeology
- Centre for Applied Archaeology
- Research and Teaching Excellence
- 75th Anniversary
The Institute has outstanding facilities for an unparalleled range of archaeological research, including archives, libraries, laboratories, equipment, collections and support personnel associated with these areas. Significant investments in infrastructure including major equipment upgrades and improved postgraduate facilities have taken place in recent years and the benefit of these facilities is reflected in staff publications and PhD research.
- Archaeological & Geographical Information Systems Laboratory with dedicated hardware and specialist software packages to encourage computer-based research across a wide range of sub-fields in archaeology.
- Archaeobotany Laboratory with extensive computer catalogued reference collections of seeds, fruits, woods and charcoals, roots and tubers, pollen, phytoliths and a herbarium collection of pressed plants Archaeobotany: Phytolith teaching & research images | Archaeobotany: Collections and Databases
- Bone Laboratory a full zooarchaeology lab with bone and mollusc collections and facilities for digital and statistical analysis.
- Conservation Laboratories equipped for the investigation and treatment of recently-excavated and museum-quality archaeological and ethnographic material.
- Geoarchaeology Laboratory with a range of facilities, including wet-sieving capability.
- Lithics Laboratory providing facilities to encourage research dealing with various aspects of lithic analysis including technological/ typological studies, experimental replications and microwear studies.
- Photographic Laboratory with facilities to assist students gain experience of archaeological photography while also providing publication-quality images to staff for research outputs.
- The UCL Ancient DNA Laboratory was built in 2012 under the direction of Mark Thomas. It is located in the Institute of Archaeology but is shared among the following stakeholders - the Division of BioSciences; the Institute of Archaeology; the Centre for the Forensic Sciences. The lab provides a high-containment ultra-clean environment for the extraction and first-stage processing of nucleic acids from archaeological and forensic materials, and is positioned well-away from any post-PCR molecular biology activities.
- Wolfson Archaeological Science Laboratories forming a collection of labs that is unparalleled in science-based archaeology within the UK and Europe with excellent facilities for the examination and analysis of a wide variety of archaeological materials.


Moon Landing Icon
Moon Landing
Create an interactive moon landing themed tale.
Hear a sample of Moon Landing
"Alexa, open Moon Landing."
Alexa: Welcome to Moon Landing. This story has three blanks in it. To change a blank, say 'Alexa, undo.' Let's get started. Please say a child's name.
Alexa: You said Sophia. Ok. [...] Are you ready to hear your story?
####How to create 1. Get inspired by the sample story 2. Customize it, or start from scratch 3. Drop in sound effects, fun expressions, and pauses 4. Create interactive "blanks" to fill in while you listen 5. Pick a name for your skill 6. Give your child access to this skill in Amazon Kids. Go to Amazon Parent Dashboard, tap on the settings icon next to your child's name, select Add Content, go to the Alexa Skills tab, and then toggle your Blueprint skill on ####How to use Gather your audience. When you play the story, Alexa asks listeners to fill in the blanks and then reads the story.


(Europa.EU) QuantERA Consortium is pleased to announce the Call for Proposals in Quantum Information and Communication Sciences and Technologies: QuantERA Co-funded Call 2021.
QuantERA II ERA-NET Cofund in Quantum Technologies (QT) is a consortium of national and regional Research Funding Organisations supporting QT research. QuantERA II is supported by the EU Future and Emerging Technologies programme (FET). The funding organisations of QuantERA II jointly support European multilateral research projects with the potential to initiate or foster new lines of QT through collaborations exploring advanced multidisciplinary science and/or cutting-edge engineering.
The submitted proposals are expected to be aligned with one of the two QuantERA cofunded call 2021 topics:
1. Quantum Phenomena and Resources (QPR);
2. Applied Quantum Science (AQS).
The funded projects in both topics are expected to address one or more of the following areas:
1. Quantum communication;
2. Quantum simulation;
3. Quantum computation;
4. Quantum information sciences;
5. Quantum metrology sensing and imaging.
The project consortia must involve a minimum of 3 eligible partners requesting funding in at least 3 of the following participating countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey.
Indicative timeline:
Deadline for outline proposals: May 13th, 2021, 17.00 CET
Deadline for full proposals (for invited applicants): September 15th, 2021, 17.00 CET
Call results: December 2021
Earliest funded project start: January/February 2022
QuantERA Coordinator: National Science Centre (NCN), Poland Coordination Office, e-mail: _EMAIL_
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Highly variable affine registration results for repeated runs
Hi all,
I'm working on a workflow that includes image registration, with allowance for rigid, affine or bspline transforms, and initialization using either moments, geometry or landmarks.
Some background:
My workflow was developing quite nicely in SimpleElastix (Selx). In the early days I managed to get from 0 to "something workable" in Selx but I struggled in Sitk. But I eventually ran into some roadblocks with Selx (e.g. bspline registration with landmarks for initial alignment), so I decided to make a move to Sitk.
The data:
DICOM MR images (T1 and T2).
Variability test:
Perform an affine registration using center-of-mass or geometrical center 10 times. For Sitk, also vary the sampling percentage (5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) for evaluating the metric. Each "test" consists of 10 repeated runs with a fixed initialization method and sampling percentage (for Sitk).
Gauge performance by performing image addition and subtraction of a single slice in fixed image and registered image (middle of the stack, same slice index for both images), or adding the (10) registered images (pixel-by-pixel, frame-by-frame) from any given test.
Result using Selx:
Registration takes 20-30 s per run using either COM or geometry. COM and geometry results look different, but results look identical visually when looking at any given initialization method (i.e. COM or geometry).
Following is a plot of the sum of all registered images using a geometrical centering for initialization:
Result using Sitk:
Registration takes 25-80 s per run depending on sampling percentage, using either COM or geometry. Results are highly variable when looking at any given initialization method with any given sampling percentage.
The final metric values are similar from run to run, for different sampling and different initializations, with a similar number of iterations to reach convergence. The registration always terminates due to convergence (as opposed to hitting a limit on the maximum number of iterations).
Following is a plot of the sum of all registered images using a geometrical centering for initialization, and with 5% sampling percentage:
and with 50% sampling percentage:
I estimate the maximum pixel shift to be approximately 3 pix (3 mm).
Sitk Registration method:
def SitkNonDefReg(FixIm, MovIm, Transform='affine', InitMethod='moments',
 SamplingPercentage=5, NumIters=500):
 import SimpleITK as sitk
 from ipywidgets import interact, fixed
 def command_iteration(method):
 print(f"{method.GetOptimizerIteration():3} = {method.GetMetricValue():10.5f}")
 print("\t#: ", len(method.GetOptimizerPosition()))
 def command_multi_iteration(method):
 print("--------- Resolution Changing ---------")
 if InitMethod in ['geometry', 'geometricalcenter']:
 CTIF = sitk.CenteredTransformInitializerFilter.GEOMETRY
 elif InitMethod in ['moments', 'centerofgravity']:
 CTIF = sitk.CenteredTransformInitializerFilter.MOMENTS
 SamplingPercentage = SamplingPercentage/100
 LearningRate = 1.0
 _TAG_ = 5.0
 if Transform == 'rigid':
 SitkTx = sitk.Euler3DTransform()
 elif Transform == 'affine':
 SitkTx = sitk.AffineTransform(FixIm.GetDimension())
 """ Initial alignment. """
 InitialTx = sitk.CenteredTransformInitializer(FixIm, MovIm,
 SitkTx, CTIF)
 """ Registration. """
 RegMethod = sitk.ImageRegistrationMethod()
 RegMethod.SetInitialTransform(InitialTx, inPlace=False)
 """ Similarity metric settings. """
 """ Setup for the multi-resolution framework. """
 ShrinkFactors = [4,2,1]
 SmoothingSigmas = [2,1,1]
 """ Interpolator settings. """
 """ Optimizer settings. """
 # Connect all of the observers for plotting during registration:
 RegMethod.AddCommand(sitk.sitkStartEvent, StartPlot)
 RegMethod.AddCommand(sitk.sitkEndEvent, EndPlot)
 RegMethod.AddCommand(sitk.sitkMultiResolutionIterationEvent, UpdateMultiresIterations)
 RegMethod.AddCommand(sitk.sitkIterationEvent, lambda: PlotValues(RegMethod))
 _TAG_ = RegMethod.Execute(sitk.Cast(FixIm, sitk.sitkFloat32),
 # sitk.Cast(MovIm, sitk.sitkFloat32))
 FinalTx = RegMethod.Execute(FixIm, MovIm)
 """ Post registration analysis. """
 print(f'Final metric value: {RegMethod.GetMetricValue()}')
 print("Optimizer stopping condition:",
 _TAG_(f"Final Iteration: {RegMethod.GetOptimizerIteration()}")
 RegIm = sitk.Resample(MovIm, FixIm, FinalTx, sitk.sitkLinear, 0.0,
 return RegIm
I would very greatful if someone could check over the above method and suggest any ideas on where I'm going wrong, what could be causing the large variability and how to overcome it.
Hello _USER_,
You are not doing anything wrong. What you are seeing are the effects of random sampling.
With the default settings every registration run uses a unique set of samples (wall clock is used as random seed). To remove this randomness you need to set the random seed in the SetMetricSamplingPercentage function to a constant. Any constant will do, but commonly you'll see:
This should make all repeated runs behave the same.
This does not address the problem of "which of ten random runs should be taken as the correct solution" (taking the minimum amongst them is a common approach). You may find the registration initialization and panorama notebooks of interest. They both deal with registration initialization.
You can tune the number of samples, metric parameters, etc. and plot the metric value as a surface while perturbing two parameters around the optimum. You have found the good settings if the metric surface is smooth, with a single peak. If you see that the surface is noisy or the optimum is not a single peak but a ridge or there are multiple peaks then it indicates that that the metric is not good enough. If the metric surface plots look good then you can go on to choosing an optimizer and tuning its parameters (to make it move quickly, while preserving convergence, and make it quickly realize when it reached the optimum).
I can confirm your experience with SimpleElastix - its simple default rigid and rigid+bspline parameter sets work very well for all reasonable input images. In contrast, BRAINSTools (which is a thin wrapper over ITK's registration framework) always requires hours of tuning for each registration problem. As a result, in recent years I completely switched to Elastix. I've tried ANTS, too, and it seem to have similarly good performance as Elastix. I'm sure that ITK's built-in registration framework should be able to achieve similar performance as Elastix and ANTS, but somebody would need to take the time to thoroughly test and optimize it and come up with parameter sets that work well on all reasonable image inputs. Maybe you will be this person!
1 Like
Hi _USER_ many thanks for your clarification and suggestions. I will re-visit those notebooks.
I was aware of the random nature of the sampling but what struck me as surprising was that increasing the percentage seemed to make no difference in terms of reducing the variability. Even if I use 100% of samples I still get large variations:
Is this to be expected?
I'm guessing that in this case the random seed changes the order of the samples fed into the metric, but all samples are utilized nonetheless.
Hi _USER_ thanks for your insight and suggestion to plot the metric surface. I also admire your optimism with regards to my abilities. :laughing: Many times I've gone in circular arguments when trying to decide whether to progress with SimpleElastix or SimpleITK.
Apologies for the length of my response but this is an interesting topic with a fair bit of complexity. So if you will forgive me…
Despite Kasper Marstal's valiant efforts I think the people power behind the development of Sitk far exceeds that of Selx. And with numerous notebooks for examples and forums like this it's possible to get support from the community. This doesn't exist for Selx. But moreover I ran into some major roadblocks with Selx.
It might be helpful to take a moment to explain the bigger picture of what I'm trying to do: An add-on feature for the OHIF-Viewer that will enable a user to "copy" a ROI (contour(s) or segmentation(s)) from one DICOM series to another. The bulk of the code will likely remain in Python with some conversion from/to JavaScript at inputs/outputs to the Python code.
If the "source" and "target" series have different FrameOfReferenceUIDs registration will be performed. The images could be MR, CT, PET, etc. and might require rigid, affine or bspline transforms, and might require landmarks (e.g. MR to full-body CT) for initialization.
Once the user has patiently waited for a registration to be performed we don't want them to wait again if unnecessary. So following registration the parameters will be stored as a DICOM Registration Object. If in the future the user wishes to perform a copy of a different ROI but for the same pair


Heat Input Formula
Under the arc welding process, heat input and arc energy are the measures of energy that has been supplied to the piece to form a weld. Both are measured in units of energy per unit length.
It refers to a characteristic or dimension such as weld length, a bead, the diameter of a weld spot, or cross-section. The amount of heat input that goes into a weld is determined as a function of time.
Formula for Heat Input
The heat input formula is given by,
\(Heat\;Input = \frac{60\times Current \times Volts}{1000\times \left ( distance travelled in /min \right )}\)
KJ/in is the unit.
The accurate measurement of arc voltage is the difficulty here, but we mostly measure load voltage at the output terminals of the current source.
Solved Examples
Example 1
You weld at 400 inches and 39 volts per minute. The weld is 35 inches long, and welding takes minutes. While welding you find that the system shows an amperage of 425. Which is your input heat?
Solution:
\(Travel speed = \frac{Length of the weld}{Time to weld}\)
Travel speed = 35/4
Travel speed = 8.75 inches per min
\(Heat Input = \frac{60\times Current \times Volts}{1000\times \left ( distance travelled in /min \right )}\)
\(Heat Input = \frac{60\times 425 \times 39}{1000\times \left ( 8.75 \right )}\)
Heat input = 113.65 KJ/in
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10 Brilliant Ways to Use Boiling Water Around Your Home
eHow may earn compensation through affiliate links in this story.
Maybe you can't whip up a perfect soufflé, but no matter what kind of kitchen skills you do (or don't) have, you can boil water. Though it sounds too simple to be true, boiling water can help you clear your skin, improve your garden, fix your tarnished silver and even sleep better at night. Time to put on the kettle!
Image Credit: Eugenio Marongiu/Cultura/GettyImages
1. Give Yourself a Home Facial
If you've ever had a professional facial, you know that estheticians often use steam to hydrate the skin and help it absorb products. Recreate that at home with a big bowl of freshly boiled water. As the water steams, place a towel over your head and lower your face to about 12 inches above the water (or more if the steam is too hot). Relax for about 10 minutes and then apply moisturizer.
Image Credit: Cathérine/Moment/GettyImages
2. Make Microwave Cleanup Easier
It doesn't matter who made a mess of the microwave; it only matters that someone cleans it. Boiling water in the microwave creates steam that loosens anything baked onto the walls. Put a few cups of water and some lemon slices in a microwave-safe bowl and heat it on high until the water boils. This should take a few minutes depending on how much water you use. Let it cool for a few minutes and then carefully remove the bowl and wipe down the inside of the microwave.
Image Credit: AndreyPopov/iStock/GettyImages
3. Kill Yard Weeds
It's not always the most effective way to deal with problematic weeds in your yard, but it's worth trying boiling water before moving on to products laden with chemicals. The most important thing to consider when killing weeds with boiling water is how to transport the water from your kitchen to your yard without burning yourself or anyone else. It's better to make multiple trips with small amounts of water than to try carrying a heavy pot through the house.
Image Credit: cjp/E+/GettyImages
4. Clear Your Drains
Boiling water may not be enough to tackle really serious problems, but with a clogged sink drain, there's no harm in trying boiling water before buying expensive drain cleaner. Make sure there's no standing water in the sink and then slowly pour a kettle of boiling water down the sink. This may be enough to sweep away minor clogs.
Image Credit: deepblue4you/E+/GettyImages
5. Use a Hot-Water Bottle
Hot-water bottles have fallen out of fashion, which is a shame. The first time you climb into bed on a cold night and curl your feet around a soft hot-water bottle, you'll be a true believer. Hot-water bottles usually hold around 2 liters of boiling water. The best part is choosing a cozy cover for yours. There are knit and fleece options available.
Image Credit: bymandesigns/iStock/GettyImages
6. Remove Lime Scale Buildup on Kettles
You can use a kettle to boil water, but over time, lime scale builds up and creates a chalky appearance and unpleasant taste. The solution? Boil more water – but this time with either lemon juice or vinegar added. Fill the kettle halfway with water and the juice of one lemon or with a half-and-half mix of water and vinegar. Set the kettle to boil, let the kettle sit until the water is completely cooled and wipe down the inside. Boil a few more kettles of plain water to remove any lingering vinegar taste.
Image Credit: Irina Tiumentseva/iStock/GettyImages
7. Make Silver Shine
A quick dip in some boiling water is enough to bring your tarnished silverware back to life. This hack works to polish any kind of real silver items you have. Start by putting a layer of aluminum foil in the bottom of a large glass pan. Place the silver on the foil, sprinkle on some baking soda and carefully pour in enough boiling water to cover the silver. Let the water cool and buff the silver pieces with a clean rag.
Image Credit: Catherine Falls Commercial/Moment/GettyImages
8. Clean a Greasy Stove Hood Filter
Cleaning the filter in the hood over your stove is probably not on your list of weekly chores. In fact, you may have done it exactly zero times. Depending on your model, the hood's filter should slide or pop out pretty easily. Warm water won't cut through all the greasy residue that will probably be clinging to the filter, so soak the filter in boiling water with dish detergent for 20 minutes before scrubbing it clean with a brush.
Image Credit: fizkes/iStock/GettyImages
9. Cover Unpleasant Odors
You know how a bubbling pot of sauce makes the entire house smell like onions and garlic? Boiling something amplifies its odor, which can be useful if you're trying to cover some other unpleasant smell, like microwaved fish. Set a pot of boiling water on the stove with lemon slices and peels, a few whole nutmegs and a few cinnamon sticks. Let it simmer (supervised) until the water is nearly gone.
Image Credit: deepblue4you/iStock/GettyImages
10. Try Your Hand at Canning
If you've never tried canning foods before, you may want to give it a try the next time you find yourself with more fresh produce than you can eat. Canning may be easier than you might realize and doesn't require a lot of special supplies when you use the water bath method. Submerging the sealed jars in boiling water kills bacteria, forces air out of the jars and creates a vacuum seal that makes canned food shelf stable.
Image Credit: GMVozd/E+/GettyImages


assume you have created more than one session with the "Max Current" KPI stored in a designated user flow.
Setup Steps:
1. Open _URL_ and follow the instructions to activate the Grafana feature.
2. Navigate to a user flow where sessions with the "Max Current" KPI are stored.
3. Follow the illustrated steps below and export your user flow to the Postgres Replica database.
export user flow
4. Navigate to _URL_
5. Create a new dashboard.
6. Create a new panel similar to the image below.
5G KPI Monitoring Dashboard
7. Optional: Create a data link and set it to
_URL_ With this,
you will be able to jump to an individual session of your interest.
KPI Results
8. Set an email alert. Below is an example configuration
Setting Email Alert
9. Save and done. The final output should look like the below.
KPI result
10. You will receive an email alert when Grafana detects a session with a "Max Current" KPI greater than 800mA.
Grafana KPI results
Congratulations! With this simple use case, Grafana is sufficient. SQL Knowledge is required, but once the setup is done, you can let Grafana monitor regression and you focus on other priority tasks relevant to your business. Grafana supports various graphs, so explore live samples here and imagine where else you can utilise this approach.
Next, we will look at another use case where Regression Intelligence is best suited.
Regression monitoring with Watcher
Here, we want to compare data collected from two different builds of your application, compute the average total time where each build exceeds 400mA, and trigger an alert if the total time of the newer build increases by 10%. In this case, use Regression Intelligence for the reasons below:
 - Grafana doesn't support the use of percentages for thresholds.
 - We need to find statistically significant differences in a large population, representing your entire customer base, with time length as a unit.
 - We want to segment the collected data from various perspectives (e.g. build, device, region, tags) and perform comparisons and analyses.
 - It is not practical to alter SQLs or panel settings in Grafana every time a view needs to be added or updated.
It is not easy to understand without seeing it, isn't it? Let's deep dive.
Setup Steps:
1. Start a session and collect data from the remote control. Here is the instruction
2. Label the locations where the current value is greater than 400mA.
For this task, you will use the time-series method called "Range". See Time Series Data Analysis> Time series data analysis methods> Range. Below is how to do it via Web UI and API.
Adding a time-series-request (range) label via Web UI
Adding time-series-request
Adding a time-series-request (range) label via API
curl --location --request POST '_URL_ \
--data-raw '{
 "name": "over 400mA",
 "start_time": 0,
 "end_time": 30.0,
 "method": "range",
 "time_series_key": "battery_current",
 "parameters": {
 "lower_limit": 400,
 "include_lower_limit": true
 }
}'
To get the list of available values for the "time_series_key" parameter, call the API below to retrieve the schema.
curl _URL_
2. Once the "time-series-request" label is created, confirm that "time-series-result" labels are automatically generated in the places where the current value is greater than 400mA. You will see a result similar to the one below.
time-series-result
3.Optional: Calculate the total duration of the three labels circled red circle in the picture above. Call the Session Annotation API to retrieve a group of labels under the same Label Group ID, iterate through them, and sum up the total duration of the labels - 57.17 seconds. Run the following API to add the session with the KPI value to your user flow. Remember having done this for the "Max Current" KPI earlier?
Adding a custom KPI "unacceptable battery usage" to a user flow via API
curl -X POST _URL_ \
--data-raw '{
 "test_name": "Common Operation (REQ 013)",
 "session_id": "{{session id}}",
 "status" : "passed",
 "data": [{"key": "unacceptable battery usage", "value":57.17}]
}'
The image below illustrates how the trend of the KPI values is displayed on Web UI. Without this visual aid, it can be difficult to spot or filter out sessions that might confuse your analysis. If you want to be alerted when the "unacceptable battery usage" exceeds a fixed threshold or visualize correlations with other KPIs that do not have time as their X-axis, use Grafana's alerts and data analysis to complement your needs.
trend of the KPI values
4. Add a build tag (e.g. build: 3.0) to the session.
Adding build tag
5. Repeat steps 1 - 4 to generate 80 sessions. The following steps assume you have a user flow having 40 sessions with the "build: 3.0" tag and the remaining 40 sessions with the "build: 4.0" tag.
6. Call the regression intelligence API to generate a regression report. Web UI doesn't allow you to configure the "limit" and "kpi" parameters, so the use of API is necessary here - the default values of "limit" and "kpi" parameters are 15 and "summary.network.regression."Network Latency" respectively. For Network Latency, we will look deeper in Part 2.
Run a regression analysis via API
curl --location --request POST '_URL_ \
--data-raw '{
 "a": "build: 3.0",
 "b": "build: 4.0",
 "limit": 40,
 "threshold": 10,
 "kpi": "labels.\"time-series-result\".categories.battery_current.regression.Duration",
 "user_flow_name": "Common Operation (REQ 013)"
}'
There are three points with this API:
Point 1: What is "limit"?
The image below depicts the concept of group 'a' and 'b' and the impact of the "limit" parameter (e.g. limit=10). Usually, the higher the limit size is, the more accurate, but the longer it takes to produce the report. As a rough estimate, it takes about 25 seconds for a 250 limit and 220 seconds for a 1000 limit.
Impact of Limit Parameter
In this example, Regression Intelligence pseudo-randomly picks up ten sessions per set (20 sessions total). The "pseudo-randomly" means as long as the tag/selector and the size of the population remain unchanged, the same sample will be selected each time; if new sessions are added to 'a' or 'b', the sessions selected will change, even if the same selector is specified. This prevents the intrusion of human bias in the selection process.
Point 2: What is "kpi" and where to find the path?
Regression Intelligence monitors the value set in the "kpi" parameter to determine the regression status. Finding the "kpi" path value is tricky. You should generate a dummy report with limit = 1 and determine the path value to the target KPI. Refer to the JSON output in Step 7 to locate the path.
Point 3: What is the syntax to select 'a' and 'b' sessions?
Regression detection begins by extracting two groups from the collected sessions, so-called 'a' and 'b' (e.g. "build: 3.0" vs "build: 4.0"). Either tags or selectors can be used to extract sessions. In general, you prefer tags, which do not require special knowledge. However, selectors can be very useful for making complex selections that require logical or regular expressions or selector functions. See below for some useful expressions and examples.
Table: "HeadSpin Selector Syntax" table
Selector Expression Description Example
Logical AND (+) A logical AND is expressed implicitly using a single space or explicitly using a + between session tag expressions.
build: 0.1.0 + day_of_week: Mon
All sessions tagged with build: 0.1.0 and day_of_week: Mon
build: 0.1.0 day_of_week: Mon
Same as above but with an implicit AND
start_timestamp:
<_PHONE_ +
>_PHONE_
Sessions created in the last week. Use _URL_ to figure out start and end epoch time of the week
Logical OR (,) A logical OR is expressed using a comma between session tag expressions.
build:
prev_build(1),
build: prev_build(0)
build: tag containing the largest and second-largest value.
day_of_week:
=Sat, =Sun
All sessions created during the weekend
day_of_week:
=Sat, =Sun
All sessions created during the weekdays
Logical NOT (!) An expression is negated using the ! symbol.
build: 0.1.0 !geo: "Mountain View, US"
build: 0.1.0 that were not captured in


Documentation Center
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Class: sdo.requirements.PZDampingRatio
Package: sdo.requirements
Evaluate damping ratio bound on linear system
c = evalRequirement(req,lin_sys)
c = evalRequirement(req,lin_sys) evaluates whether the poles of a linear system satisfies the specified damping ratio bound.
Input Arguments
sdo.requirements.PZDampingRatio object.
Linear system (tf, ss, zpk, frd, genss, or genfrd).
Output Arguments
 - Signed distance of the damping ratio of each pole of the linear system to the bound, if the Type property of req is >=, <= or ==. Negative values indicate that the bound is satisfied while positive values indicate that the bound is violated. When ==, any value other than 0 indicates that the bound is violated.
 - Negative of the damping ratio such that minimizing the values maximizes the damping ratio, if the Type property of req is'max'.
Evaluate damping ratio requirement.
 req = sdo.requirements.PZDampingRatio;
 sys = tf(0.5,[1 3 3 1]);
 c = evalRequirement(req,sys);
c is negative, which indicates that the system satisfies the damping ratio requirement.
See Also
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Variable vertical pointing linear column module
It can quickly expand the vertical pointing angle to adapt to various occasions
The vbc8d with a height of 0.97M contains eight 3-inch low distortion NdFeB full frequency units, which are divided into four independent unit groups, each equipped with a separate DSP processing channel and class D amplifier. The vertical pointing angle can be rapidly expanded by pressing the key, and the expansion angles are 10 °, 20 °, 30 ° and 40 ° respectively, which can effectively meet the requirements of minimum sound pressure change coverage between different lifting heights and different listening surfaces, and more widely adapt to the needs of different sound reinforcement sites.
Optimal speech intelligibility and uniform coverage
The frequency response range of single voice column module can reach 76hz-20khz. By optimizing the frequency above 300Hz by FIR EQ, vbc8d can effectively keep the response smooth and phase consistent in the sensitive frequency band of human ear, so as to obtain the best speech intelligibility. The maximum sound pressure level of 94db can be obtained at the position of 16m with vbc8d single voice column module, which can meet the standard requirements for direct sound coverage of most venues whose main function is meeting demand.
Vbc8d supports the connection and expansion of two sound column modules to become a medium-sized sound column with a height of 1.94 meters. It can effectively improve the 6dB axial sound pressure level and narrow the vertical directivity of frequencies above 300Hz, so as to reduce the reflected energy of the ceiling in high reverberation places, and improve the sound pressure coverage uniformity and language clarity of the listening surface.
Unique algorithm and box physical structure ensure optimal performance
The vbc8d scalable vertical pointing active voice column module combines precise physical structure design and accurate DSP algorithm, and the high-precision phase algorithm is accurate to microsecond level units, which effectively solves the problems of obvious reduction of sound pressure level and obvious deterioration of sound quality of ordinary scalable vertical directivity products after extended directivity.
Equipped with Dante interface, easy system management
Users can enjoy the advantages of Dante technology, including multi-channel audio transmission and control using a single Ethernet cable, and easy discovery, setup and management of devices.
|Speaker type||Variable vertical pointing linear column module|
|Transducer||8 x 3" neodymium magnetic unit, 0.75" voice coil|
|Frequency response (-10dB)||76Hz-20kHz|
|Vertical beam angle||10°，20°，30°，40°|
|Maximum sound pressure level @1M (peak)||125dB|
|Dynamic range (with power amplifier)||>113dB(A)|
|deal with||FIR linear phase filter & IIR filter|
|System time lag||4.125ms|
|Maximum output power||600W DClass power amplifier|
|Analog audio input|
1 x XLR balanced input
1 x XLR balanced connection
|Digital audio input|
1 x RJ45 Dante input
1 x RJ45 Dante connection
|AC power connector|
1 x PowerCON 20 I
N1 x PowerCON 20 OUT
|AC power consumption||Standby<0.5W, static: <10W, maximum: 150W|
|Outer box||Powder-coated aluminum housing|
|Net cover||Powder-coated steel grille|
|Indicator light||Sig, Lim, PK, Preset|
|Operating temperature range (environment)||0°-50°|
|surroundings||Can only be used indoors|
|Ease data||Launched in April 2021|
|size||968 x 115 x 150mm|

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
South African Journal of Occupational Therapy
versión On-line ISSN 2310-3833
versión impresa ISSN 0038-2337
INTRODUCTION: While undergraduate training in South Africa places an emphasis on ensuring the competence of occupational therapy graduates, very little attention has been paid to exploring their professional confidence, despite the fact that this has been highlighted as an issue for students. The foundation for professional confidence is laid during student years, and is influenced by a number of determinants, which this study aimed to identify. METHODS AND MATERIAL: Qualitative methodology was used with a purposive sample of nineteen final year occupational therapy students. Students were invited to participate voluntarily in focus group interviews and/or submit their reflective journal. Five lecturers and six clinical supervisors at the University concerned also participated in focus group interviews. Deductive thematic analysis of the data was undertaken. RESULTS: Two broad themes emerged. The first theme, external determinants, included clinical experience, relationships with peers, staff and patients, and the changing environment in which they worked. The second theme, internal determinants, included certain identified personal characteristics and influencers. The external and internal sources of professional confidence beliefs were either within the control of the student, or the lecturer/clinical supervisor or the profession. DISCUSSION: A number of recommendations ranging from re-thinking clinical practicals and supervision are made. These findings have implications for student selection, teaching methodology and experiences, and the professional identity of the profession. Greater formal emphasis needs to be placed on confidence building during the undergraduate experience.
Palabras clave : Professional confidence; occupational therapy students; occupational therapy education; clinical practical; reflective journaling; supervision.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Why You Should Stop YAML Engineering
Chase Douglas
Here's some sample JavaScript code:
let foo = 5;
Do you know register held the value 5 when executing that code? Do you even know what a register is or what are plausible answers to the question?
The correct answer to this question is: No, and I don't care. Registers are locations in a CPU that can hold numerical values. Your computing device of choice calculates values using registers millions of times each second.
Way back when computers were young people programmed them using assembly languages. The languages directly tell CPUs what to do: load values into registers from memory, calculate other values in the registers, save values back to memory, etc.
Between 1943 and 1945, Konrad Zuse developed the first (or at least one of the first) high-level programming languages: Plankalkül. It wasn't pretty by modern standards, but its thesis could be boiled down to: you will program more efficiently and effectively using logical formulas. A more blunt corollary might be: Stop programming CPU registers!
A Brief History Of Computing Abstractions
Software engineering is built upon the practice of developing higher-order abstractions for common tasks. Allow me to evince this pattern:
1837 — Charles Babbage: Stop computing by pencil and paper! (Analytical Engine)
1938 — Conrad Zuse: Stop computing by hand! (Z1, first electrical computer)
1950 — UNIVAC: Stop repeating yourself! (UNIVAC 1101, first computer with programs stored in memory)
1985 — Bjarne Stroustrup: Stop treating everything like primitives! (C++ language, introduced object-oriented-programming to the C language)
1995 — James Gosling: Stop tracking memory! (Java language makes garbage collection mainstream)
2006 — Amazon: Stop managing data centers! (AWS EC2 makes virtual servers easy)
2009 — Ryan Dahl: Stop futzing with threads! (Node.js introduces event/callback-based semantics)
2011 — Amazon: Stop provisioning resources manually! (AWS CloudFormation makes Infrastructure-As-Code easier)
2014 — Amazon: Stop managing servers! (AWS Lambda makes services "functional")
Software engineers are always finding ways to make whatever "annoying thing" they have to deal with go away. They do this by building abstractions. It's now time to build another abstraction.
2018: Stop YAML Engineering!
The combination of infrastructure-as-code and serverless apps means developers are inundated with large, complex infrastructure templates, mostly written in YAML.
It's time we learn from the past. We are humans who work at a logical, higher-order abstraction level. Infrastructure-as-code is meant to be consumed by computers. We need to abstract away the compiling of our logic into infrastructure code.
That's what Stackery does. It turns this...
...into Serverless Application Model (SAM) YAML without asking the user to do anything more than drag and wire resources in a canvas. Stackery's own backend is over 2,000 lines of YAML. We wouldn't be able to manage it all without a tool that helps us both maintain and diagram the relationships between resources. It even performs this feat in both directions: you can take your existing SAM applications, import them into Stackery, and instantly visualize and extend the infrastructure architecture.
You may be a principal architect leading adoption of serverless in your organization. You may be perfectly capable of holding thousands of lines of infrastructure configuration in your head. But can everyone on your team do the same? Would your organization benefit from the automatic visualization and relationship/dependency management of a higher-order infrastructure-as-code abstraction?
As can be seen throughout the history of software engineering, the industry will move (and already is moving) to abstract away this lower level of engineering. Check out Stackery if you want to stay ahead of the curve.
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text:
Women who are pregnant or are planning to get pregnant should not be given Perjeta. Perjeta can cause embryo death and birth defects. It's important that you don't get pregnant while you're getting Perjeta; you must use effective birth control.
The most common side effects of Perjeta are:
- hair loss
- low white blood cell count (neutropenia)
- peripheral neuropathy (numbness, tingling or burning in the hands and feet)
Because Perjeta is likely to be given with Herceptin, it's important to know that problems with heart function or developing heart failure can sometimes be side effects of Herceptin. While research has found that adding Perjeta to Herceptin doesn't increase the risk of heart problems, your doctor will likely want to test your heart function before and during treatment with Perjeta, Herceptin, and chemotherapy.


Clothed male, naked female
CMNF, or Clothed Male(s), Naked (or Nude) Female(s) is a term for a paraphilia involving one or more nude women and one or more clothed men. It is generally used as a label for pictorial erotica or pornography, or a sexual fantasy depicting such a scenario; however, CMNF gatherings of men and women interested in this type of erotic pursuit do occur as well. CMNF is also a type of sexual objectification of women by men.
The general category of "CMNF" is fairly broad, encompassing several different types of scenario. The most common subdivisions of the genre involve either an activity under the rubric of male domination, exhibitionism or entertainment; combination of all categories is somewhat rare, although several web sites cater to the subgenres separately.
Also striptease is a form of CMNF since the vast majority of visitors to strip clubs is male, whereas the strippers are female.
The stereotype of the damsel in distress was also portrayed in the 19th century as an CMNF scenario: the powerful knight in his armour comes to rescue the naked, helpless female.
One-sided nudity in art is a topic that has been popular for a long time; e.g. many 19th century paintings of slavery and odalisques depict nude women, fulfilling voyeuristic phantasies of mostly male audiences.
The topic of one-sided female nudity is featured in the book "Topping from Below" by Laura Reese. The journalist Nora Tibbs investigates the death of her sister Franny. She meets the boy-friend of Franny, "M.", a music professor, and becomes his new girl-friend. He forces her to be nude all the time when she is in his house. Her one-sided nudity is one of many tokens of her submission to him.
See also
This article is based on "Clothed male, naked female" from the free encyclopedia Wikipedia ( It is licensed under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation Licencse. In the Wikipedia you can find a list of the authors by visiting the following address:


Conversation Lifecycle
See also Bug 789078.
Geary is currently somewhat inconsistent and incomplete in how it lets people manage the lifecycle and labelling of conversations. This is in part due due to trying to fit the conversation model to both IMAP and GMail, and part due to feature growth over the years. We should tidy this up to make it both consistent and complete.
Based on some notes I made, conversations seem to exist in two different finite state machines — one that covers labelling of conversations, i.e. conversations that should be kept, and one that covers the overall conversation lifecycle. States sometimes represent mailboxes, but sometimes are an abstract state, and the transitions between these states define the actions that people might want to take. These actions should be made available to people as high-level UI items, and Geary should manage the implications of the actions under the hood.
Use cases:
 1. Alice has a conversation with both sent and received messages in the Inbox that she has finished with. She wants it out of the Inbox so she hits Archive.
 2. Bob receives a work message, so labels it as Work but stays in the Inbox. On completing the important task, he wants it out of the Inbox so he hits Archive, but wants it to remain labelled as Work.
 3. Charlie has an elaborate hierarchy of mailboxes and wants to move a received message in the Inbox to one of these.
 4. Dave receive the same spam message twice and wants to move both to the Junk folder.
 5. Erin replies to a mailing list message early on but loses interest in the conversation later as it goes off topic. Earlier messages (including her sent messages) are archived but she wants latter messages to be moved to the trash.
_URL_
Labelling FSM
In the IMAP model, labelling corresponds to copying, not moving.
States:
 - Inbox
 - Archive
 - User defined mailboxes
Transitions
These operate only on messages in the current folder for the conversation, not other messages.
Archive
Move messages from Inbox to the Archive folder, without removing from other mailboxes
Move
Move messages from the current mailbox to the selected destination, without removing from other mailboxes
Copy
Copy message from the current mailbox to the selected destination
Restore
Move messages from current mailbox to Inbox, without removing from other mailboxes
Archive isn't available from other mailboxes, since other mailboxes aren't considered final states (Except for use case #3, and then people won't want to archive the message anyway). It might not make sense to only support Copy from Archive and not Move, for the same reason.
Note: This currently doesn't let users partially or completely unlabel messages without moving them to Inbox. Maybe we need a "Remove all Labels" action that removes all labels leaves them in Archive if there already or moves them back to the Inbox otherwise? Or else maybe Restore should actually do just that?
Lifecycle FSM
States:
 - [Normal] (Any conversation in the FSM above)
 - Draft
 - Trash
 - Junk
 - [Deleted]
Transitions/Actions
These operate on all messages in the conversations, including those in Sent.
Trash
Move the conversation to the trash
Junk
Move the conversation to the Junk
Restore
Restore all messages to their previous states/folders (difficult to implement)
Delete
Permanently deletes all messages in the conversation
Note: This definition of Trash doesn't work with use case #5 - all messages will be deleted, including those sent and already archived.
User Experience
Both conversations and messages should be tagged with their current mailboxes. Messages with the individual mailboxes they belong to, and conversations with the union of all tags, except Sent and Archive. See Bug 713027.
A conversation's current state defines what UI is presented to the user when it is selected. E.g. in the Archive state these actions should be available: Restore, Copy, Move, Trash, Junk.
Archive and Trash are primary action for conversations in the Inbox and so they should probably be emphasised and easily activated via the UI.
The Restore action is the only primary action for most other states, and hence that should be similarly emphasised, although implementing this properly will be tricky, e.g. to ensure that sent mail in the conversation is restored to Sent, and received mail in the conversation is restored to whatever other mailbox(es) it was in.
The mock-up below shows what different toolbars/actionbars might lookup under this scheme for various folders:
_URL_
These correspond to the following folders:
 1. Inbox
 2. Archive/user-defined folders
 3. Drafts
 4. Trash
 5. Junk
Trash uses an icon rather than a text label since linked buttons with different label types looks pretty inconsistent.
Sent isn't shown, but would be similar to (1) or (2) but without a primary action button or Junk button.
Notes
Still to be defined is how these actions apply to individual messages in the conversation. E.g. Should Trash move just the messages in the current mailbox to the Trash (as at the moment), or all messages (e.g. including any in Sent?).
Also need to work out how well this fits wit GMail (e.g. Bug 712963
Feedback
Comments welcome, either below here or on the mailing list.
Apps/Geary/Design/ConversationLifecycle (last edited 2017-12-26 14:00:51 by MichaelGratton)


Also found in: Thesaurus, Acronyms, Wikipedia.
Related to Mwera: Meera, AERA
ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:
Noun1.Mwera - a Bantu language spoken in southern coastal Tanzania
Bantoid language, Bantu - a family of languages widely spoken in the southern half of the African continent
Mentioned in?
References in periodicals archive?
Related to Maconde, we have: Andonde, Makonde, Matamwe, Mawia, Mwera, Mdonde and Vandonde; Related to Angoni, (7) we have: Maviti, Mafite, Mafita, Mapsita, Maxitu, Mangoni, Mankoni, Mandeleule, Magwangwara, Macuanguara, Mazitu, Mashitu and Majita.
Afterwards, my three female shipmates and I sat on the trampoline webs of the foredeck, letting the warm southerly mwera wind blow us dry, like a scene out of an Eighties pop video.
Those that have retired include Justices John Mwera, Anyara Emukule, Festus Azangalala and GBM Kariuki.


text:
William Morris: 19th Century Designer and Decorative Artist
|January 14, 2012||Posted by admin under Decorative Art|
A brief introduction to the contributions of this 19th century designer and decorative artist.
If you are at all interested in the history of the decorative arts, then you have probably heard references to William Morris. So who exactly is this man, and why is he so important?
With the wealth of information on the web, you will be able to learn about this influential 19th century artist and designer from a myriad of online sources.
Additionally, there are several excellent monographs about Morris available. One I recommend is entitled simply "William Morris", and it is edited by Linda Parry. You can read a mini-review about this book below.
The multifaceted achievement of English Victorian designer William Morris (_PHONE_) is scrutinized in this ravishing catalogue of a centenary exhibition at London's Victoria and Albert Museum. Parry, a curator at the museum, opens with a useful biographical sketch. Next, Morris biographer Fiona MacCarthy explores how the Arts and Crafts pioneer's belief in visual harmony as a basic human function informed his work in embroidery, furniture, domestic decoration, stained glass, painting, wallpapers, engravings, illumination and calligraphy, tapestry, textiles? Areas discussed in greater depth in subsequent essays by British and American design historians and curators.
Other selections succinctly examine Morris's activities as writer of stories, poems and prose romances, socialist proselytizer, shrewd businessman, conservationist. The closing section presents three contrasting views of Morris: an overrated inspired amateur; an eclectic humanist, forerunner of postmodernism; a pioneer who ironically inspired both left-wing internationalists and ethnic nationalists seeking a vernacular. Featuring 394 color and 161 black-and-white illustrations, this album will thrill Morris devotees.
Finally, if you are already a William Morris addict, you might want to consider joining a William Morris Society, such as The William Morris Society in the United States, and The William Morris Society of Canada.
William Morris Full-Color Patterns and Designs (Dover Pictorial Archive)
Forty beautiful designs by one of Victorian era's most influential designers. Modestly priced, royalty-free collection of richly detailed patterns, faithfully reproduced from rare 1890s publication. Superb designs for wallpapers, chintzes, velveteens, tapestries, tiles, carpets, more.
Incoming search terms:
- 19th century decorative painting
- what painting features william morris wallpaper

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Hearables are becoming a growing presence in the wearable design space amid the availability of low-power components, voice assistants, and development kits that allow ultra-compact devices operating on tiny batteries to deliver louder, crisper and richer sound.
Bosch Sensortec, for instance, is going to demonstrate a new variant of its BMA456 accelerometer for hearable designs at the Sensors Expo & Conference held in San Jose, California on 25-27 June 2019. It integrates hearable-specific gestures for intuitive user interactions such as tap, double-tap and triple-tap, and it allows users to control playback, manage the volume, and accept and decline calls.
Bosch's new motion sensor includes a low-power step counter and step detector that are specifically optimized for hearable designs. Moreover, activity recognition function enables the sensing device to detect walking, running, and standing still positions.
Hearables can initiate voice assistant systems to sense body movements and head gestures. Image from Bosch Sensortec
The BMA456 accelerometer accurately distinguishes between motion and no-motion while switching itself and the hearable device to a low-power mode. Next, it enables low-power in-ear and out-of-ear recognition, which in turn, instantly pauses playback when the user removes the hearable from the ear and sets the entire system to sleep mode. It also allows the sensor to eliminate the need to wake up the power-hungry application processor.
Bosch is targeting the new accelerometer at the Truly Wireless Stereo (TWS) headsets and mid-range hearables such as hearing aids and standard or sports earbuds. According to SAR Insight & Consulting, the market for the TWE headsets is forecast to grow to almost 180 million units by 2023.
Hearable Reference Design
Besides components for hearable designs, we are starting to see the availability of development kits for headphones, headsets, and wireless earbuds. These reference designs allow headsets and hearables to quickly integrate voice control platforms like Alexa to play music, access calls, and utilize specialized skills.
Take the example of SmartMic Development Kit from Knowles that connects designs to the Alexa Voice Service (AVS) via the Alexa app for Android and iOS. The kit includes the company's AISonic microphone that is based on a low-power audio edge processor.
The block diagram of the AISonicTM family of audio edge processor. Image from Knowles
The microphone performs wake-word detection, identification of the voice wake-word, and local voice command processing. It interfaces to Knowles' Bluetooth chip—the Bestechnic BES2000i system-on-chip (SoC)—that controls overall headset functionality and provides Bluetooth low energy (BLE) connectivity.
Then, there is Retune DSP VoiceSpot™ technology that provides the voice trigger and commands in the SmartMic Development Kit platform. Knowles claims that its development kit enables headset and hearable designs to minimize acoustic background distractors such as car noise, restaurant and bar babble, and street noise.
Bluetooth accessories are growing rapidly, and the availability of components and development kits for wireless earbuds and over-the-ear headsets enable developers to quickly create designs that can operate in noisy environments without distortion.


text:
In graph theory, Yen's algorithm computes single-source K-shortest loopless paths for a graph with non-negative edge cost. The algorithm was published by Jin Y. Yen in 1971 and employs any shortest path algorithm to find the best path, then proceeds to find K − 1 deviations of the best path.
Terminology and notation
|The size of the graph, i.e., the number of nodes in the network.|
|The node of the graph, where ranges from to. This means that is the source node of the graph and is the sink node of the graph.|
|The cost of the edge between and, assuming that and.|
|The shortest path from to, where ranges from to. Then, where is the 2nd node of the shortest path and is the 3rd node of the shortest path, and so on.|
|A deviation path from at node, where ranges from to. Note that the maximum value of is, which is the node just before the sink in the shortest path. This means that the deviation path cannot deviate from the shortest path at the sink. The paths and follow the same path until the node, then edge is different from any path in, where ranges from to.|
|The root path of that follows that until the node of.|
|The spur path of that starts at the node of and ends at the sink.|
The algorithm can be broken down into two parts, determining the first k-shortest path,, and then determining all other k-shortest paths. It is assumed that the container will hold the k-shortest path, whereas the container, will hold the potential k-shortest paths. To determine, the shortest path from the source to the sink, any efficient shortest path algorithm can be used.
To find the, where ranges from to, the algorithm assumes that all paths from to have previously been found. The iteration can be divided into two processes, finding all the deviations and choosing a minimum length path to become. Note that in this iteration, ranges from to.
The first process can be further subdivided into three operations, choosing the, finding, and then adding to the container. The root path,, is chosen by finding the subpath in that follows the first nodes of, where ranges from to. Then, if a path is found, the cost of edge of is set to infinity. Next, the spur path,, is found by computing the shortest path from the spur node, node, to the sink. The removal of previous used edges from to ensures that the spur path is different., the addition of the root path and the spur path, is added to. Next, the edges that were removed, i.e. had their cost set to infinity, are restored to their initial values.
The second process determines a suitable path for by finding the path in container with the lowest cost. This path is removed from container and inserted into container and the algorithm continues to the next iteration.
The algorithm assumes that the Dijkstra algorithm is used to find the shortest path between two nodes, but any shortest path algorithm can be used in its place.
function YenKSP(Graph, source, sink, K): // Determine the shortest path from the source to the sink. A = Dijkstra(Graph, source, sink); // Initialize the set to store the potential kth shortest path. B = ; for k from 1 to K: // The spur node ranges from the first node to the next to last node in the previous k-shortest path. for i from 0 to size(A[k − 1]) − 2: // Spur node is retrieved from the previous k-shortest path, k − 1. spurNode = A[k-1].node(i); // The sequence of nodes from the source to the spur node of the previous k-shortest path. rootPath = A[k-1].nodes(0, i); for each path p in A: if rootPath == p.nodes(0, i): // Remove the links that are part of the previous shortest paths which share the same root path. remove p.edge(i,i + 1) from Graph; for each node rootPathNode in rootPath except spurNode: remove rootPathNode from Graph; // Calculate the spur path from the spur node to the sink. // Consider also checking if any spurPath found spurPath = Dijkstra(Graph, spurNode, sink); // Entire path is made up of the root path and spur path. totalPath = rootPath + spurPath; // Add the potential k-shortest path to the heap. if (totalPath not in B): B.append(totalPath); // Add back the edges and nodes that were removed from the graph. restore edges to Graph; restore nodes in rootPath to Graph; if B is empty: // This handles the case of there being no spur paths, or no spur paths left. // This could happen if the spur paths have already been exhausted (added to A), // or there are no spur paths at all - such as when both the source and sink vertices // lie along a "dead end". break; // Sort the potential k-shortest paths by cost. B.sort(); // Add the lowest cost path becomes the k-shortest path. A[k] = B; // In fact we should rather use shift since we are removing the first element B.pop(); return A;
The example uses Yen's K-Shortest Path Algorithm to compute three paths from to. Dijkstra's algorithm is used to calculate the best path from to, which is with cost 5. This path is appended to container and becomes the first k-shortest path,.
Node of becomes the spur node with a root path of itself,. The edge,, is removed because it coincides with the root path and a path in container. Dijkstra's algorithm is used to compute the spur path, which is, with a cost of 8. is added to container as a potential k-shortest path.
Node of becomes the spur node with. The edge,, is removed because it coincides with the root path and a path in container. Dijkstra's algorithm is used to compute the spur path, which is, with a cost of 7. is added to container as a potential k-shortest path.
Node of becomes the spur node with a root path,. The edge,, is removed because it coincides with the root path and a path in container. Dijkstra's algorithm is used to compute the spur path, which is, with a cost of 8. is added to container as a potential k-shortest path.
Of the three paths in container B, is chosen to become because it has the lowest cost of 7. This process is continued to the 3rd k-shortest path. However, within this 3rd iteration, note that some spur paths do not exist. And the path that is chosen to become is.
To store the edges of the graph, the shortest path list, and the potential shortest path list, memory addresses are required. At worse case, the every node in the graph has an edge to every other node in the graph, thus addresses are needed. Only addresses are need for both list and because at most only paths will be stored, where it is possible for each path to have nodes.
The time complexity of Yen's algorithm is dependent on the shortest path algorithm used in the computation of the spur paths, so the Dijkstra algorithm is assumed. Dijkstra's algorithm has a worse case time complexity of, but using a Fibonacci heap it becomes, where is the number of edges in the graph. Since Yen's algorithm makes calls to the Dijkstra in computing the spur paths, where is the length of spur paths. In a condensed graph, the expected value of is, while the worst case is. The time complexity becomes.
Yen's algorithm can be improved by using a heap to store, the set of potential k-shortest paths. Using a heap instead of a list will improve the performance of the algorithm, but not the complexity. One method to slightly decrease complexity is to skip the nodes where there are non-existent spur paths. This case is produced when all the spur paths from a spur node have been used in the previous. Also, if container has paths of minimum length, in reference to those in container, then they can be extract and inserted into container since no shorter paths will be found.
Eugene Lawler proposed a modification to Yen's algorithm in which duplicates path are not calculated as opposed to the original algorithm where they are calculated and then discarded when they are found to be duplicates. These duplicates paths result from calculating spur paths of nodes in the root of. For instance, deviates from at some node. Any spur path, where, that is calculated will be a duplicate because they have already been calculated during the iteration. Therefore, only spur paths for nodes that were on the spur path of must be calculated, i.e. only where ranges from to. To perform this operation for, a record is needed to identify the node where branched from.
- Yen's improvement to the Bellman–Ford algorithm
- Yen, Jin Y. (1970). "An algorithm for finding shortest routes from all source nodes to a given destination in general networks". Quarterly of Applied Mathematics. 27 (4): 526–530. doi:10.1090/qam/253822. MR _PHONE_.
- Yen, Jin Y. (Jul 1971). "Finding the k Shortest Loopless Paths in a Network". Management Science. 17 (11): 712–716. doi:10.1287/mnsc.17.11.712. JSTOR _PHONE_.
- Fredman, Michael Lawrence; Tarjan, Robert E. (


What is Monero? [The Most Comprehensive Step-by-Step Guide]
Updated on: May 4th, 2020
This content has been Fact-Checked.
what is monero
According to Monero's site: Monero is a secure, private and untraceable currency system. Monero uses a special kind of cryptography to ensure that all of its transactions remain 100% unlinkable and untraceable. In an increasingly transparent world, you can see why something like Monero can become so desirable. In this guide, we will see the mechanics behind Monero and see what makes it so special.
The origins of Monero XMR
Back in July of 2012, Bytecoin, the first real life implementation of CryptoNote, was launched. CryptoNote is the application layer protocol that fuels various decentralized currencies. While it is similar to the application layer which runs bitcoin in many aspects, there a lot of areas where the two differ from each other.
While bytecoin had promise, people noticed that a lot of shady things were going on and that 80% of the coins were already published. So, it was decided that in April 2014, the bytecoin blockchain will be forked and the new coins in the new chain will be called Bitmonero, which is was eventually renamed Monero meaning "coin" in Esperanto. In this new blockchain, a block will be mined and added every two mins.
Monero is headed by a core development team of 7 developers of which 5 have chosen to remain anonymous while two have come out openly in public. They are – David Latapie and Riccardo Spagni aka "Fluffypony". The project is open source and crowdfunded.
What is Monero? The Ultimate Beginners Guide
Image courtesy: Coinsutra
Special features of Monero XMR
So what is it about Monero that makes it so hot and in-demand. What are the unique properties that the CryptoNote algorithm gives it? Let's check it out.
Property #1: Your currency is yours
Property #2: It is Fungible
Another interesting property that it gains, thanks to its privacy, is that it is truly fungible. What is fungibility? Investopedia defines fungibility as follows:
"Fungibility is a good or asset's interchangeability with other individual goods or assets of the same type."
So, what is fungible and what is non-fungible.
Suppose you borrowed $20 from a friend. If you return the money to him with ANOTHER $20 bill, then it is perfectly fine. In fact, you can even return the money to them in the form of 1 $10 bill and 2 $5 bills. It is still fine. The dollar has fungible properties (not all the time though).
However, if you were to borrow someone's car for the weekend and come back and give them some other car in return, then that person will probably punch on the face. In fact, if you went away with a red Impala and came back with another red Impala then even that is not a done deal. Cars, in this example, are a nonfungible asset.
So, what is the deal with fungibility when it comes to cryptocurrency?
Let's look at bitcoin for example. bitcoin prides itself in being an open ledger and an open book. But what it also means is that everyone can see the transactions in it and more importantly, everyone can see the trail of that transaction. What this basically means is that suppose you own a bitcoin which once was used in some illegal transaction, eg. buying drugs, it would forever be imprinted in the transaction detail. What this in essence does is that it "taints" your bitcoin.
In certain bitcoin service providers and exchanges, these "tainted" coins will never be worth as much as "clean" coins. This kills fungibility and is one of the most often used criticisms against bitcoin. After all, why should you suffer if one of the previous owners of your bitcoin used it to make some illegal purchases?
This is where Monero comes in. Since all their data and transactions are private, no one can know what transactions your Monero has gone through before and neither can they know what was used to buy with your Monero. Since its transaction history can never be known, it also means that the "transaction" trail is non-existent. As a result of this, the concept of "tainted" Monero and "clean" Monero doesn't exist, and hence they are fungible!
Property #3: Dynamic Scalability
The bitcoin scalability issue has been a very hot topic in the crypto circles the past few months. So, to give you all a gist of the the situation, bitcoin was created with a self-imposed 1 Mb block size limit. In its early developments bitcoin didn't have any block size limit, however, in order to prevent spam transactions, the size limit was enforced.
Monero uses a free block size mechanism with no "pre-set" size limit. However, this also means that malicious miners can clog up the system with disproportionately huge blocks. To prevent this from happening, a block reward penalty is built into the system. This is how it works:
Firstly, the median size of the last 100 blocks is taken which is called M100. Now suppose the miners mined a new block and it has a particular size which is called "NBS" aka New Block Size. If NBS > M100, then the block reward gets reduced in quadratic dependency of how much NBS exceeds M100.
This means that if NBS is [10%, 50%, 80%, 100%] greater than M100, the block reward gets reduced by [1%, 25%, 64%, 100%]. Generally, blocks greater than 2*M100 are not allowed, and blocks <= 60kB are always free of any reward penalties.
Property #4: ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) Resistant
Ok, before we get started, let's just get this out of the way. Monero is not exactly "ASIC resistant", but the cost of manufacturing ASICs for Monero would be so high that it simply won't be worth it. Why is that the case? Remember, when we said that Monero was based on the CryptoNote system which makes it distinctly different from bitcoins? Well, the hashing algorithm used in CryptoNote based systems is called "CryptoNight".
Cryptonight was created to build a fairer and more decentralized currency system. Cryptocurrencies which incorporate Cryptonight cannot be mined using. It was hoped that this would prevent the creation of mining pools and make the currency more evenly distributed.
So what are the properties of CryptoNight which makes it ASIC Resistant? (The following is taken from "user36303" answer in monero.stackexchange.com).
 - Cryptonight requires 2 MB of fast memory to work. This means that parallelizing hashes is limited by how much memory can be crammed in a chip while keeping cheap enough to be worth it. 2 MB of memory takes a lot more silicon than the SHA256 circuitry.
 - Cryptonight is built to be CPU and GPU friendly because it is designed to take advantage of AES-Ni instruction sets. Basically, some of the work done by Cryptonight is already being done in hardware when running on modern consumer machines.
 - There have been talks of moving Monero on from proof of work algorithm to "Cuckoo Cycle" (a different form of proof of work hash). If a switch like this does happen, then the amount of work spent in the R&D of Monero friendly ASICs would be meaningless.
Property #5: Multiple keys
One of the more confusing aspects of Monero is its multiple keys. In bitcoin, ethereum, etc. you just have one public key and one private key. However, in a system like Monero, it is not quite as simple as that.
View Keys: Monero has a public view key and a private view key.
 - The public view key is used to generate one-time stealth addresses where the funds will be sent to the receiver. (more on this later).
 - The private view key is used by the receiver to scan the blockchain to find the funds sent to them.
That's the general overview of the process.
The public view key makes the first part of the Monero Address.
Spend Keys: If the view key was mostly for the recipient of a transaction, the spend key is all about the sender. As above, there are two spend keys: public spend key and private spend key.
 - The public spend key will help the sender take part in ring transactions and also verify the signature of the key image. (more on that later)
 - The private spend key helps in creating that key image which enables them to send transactions.
The public spend key makes the second part of the Monero address.
The Monero address btw is a 95-character string that is made of the public spend and public view key.
This can be very confusing right now, but just keep this information in your head, and it will become clearer with subsequent sections.
What is the cryptography involved in Monero?
How does a transaction in a cryptocurrency work?
Every transaction has two sides to it, the input side and the output side. Suppose Alice needs to send some bitcoins to Bob how will it look like?
Transaction Input
In order to make this transaction happen, Alice needs to get bitcoins which she has received from various previous transactions. Remember, as we said before, in bitcoins, each and every coin is accounted for via a transaction history. So Alice can make the outputs of her previous transactions the input


text:
- Equine Initiative
- Regulatory Services
- Biosystems/Ag Engineering
- Food Science
- Fine Arts
- Community Development
- 4-H Youth
- Family and Consumer Sciences
- Ag Information Center
- Ag Magazine
- Office of Diversity
- Ag Weather
- Ag Faculty Council
- Staff Links
- College Store
UK researchers studying safer insecticides for apple orchards
Researchers at the University of Kentucky College of Agriculture are trying to find out if reduced-risk insecticides will control insects in apple orchards in Central and Western Kentucky.
Kentucky apple growers commonly use insecticides from the organophosphate class to control pests because they are inexpensive and protect against a broad range of insects. However, since Congress passed the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996, restrictions have tightened each year on organophosphate use. In 2012, some of the organophosphates will be pulled off the market.
In the two-year project, UK researchers Ric Bessin, John Strang, John Hartman and Patty Lucas will study safer insecticides to see if they are able to control two common orchard pests, the codling moth and Oriental fruit moth. In addition, they will explore the factors that have slowed the use of organophosphate alternatives in the past including cost effectiveness, timing of applications and ability to manage a diverse number of pests. The researchers' goal is to show growers a viable alternative to organophosphates.
"We conducted a grower survey in January and 60 percent of them said they weren't afraid to use the newer, safer products, but weren't familiar with them and didn't understand how to use them," said Bessin, UK extension entomologist. "Some growers are very interested in the new products because they have other benefits than insecticide control."
The two-year project is funded by a grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyRegion 4 Strategic Agricultural Initiative.
Researchers began their first year of the project last fall. This spring, orchard growers participating in the study started treating a 3- to 5-acre plot with the reduced-risk insecticides and another plot with the organophosphates. So far, insect pressure varies among the four locations.
"The variability may be due to the orchard's location in the state, history of past pest problems or other chemicals that are being used," Bessin said.
Many of the reduced-risk insecticides have different spray schedules than organophosphates. In another aspect of the study, researchers are trying to determine whether the different application timing has an adverse effect on fungicides.
"We want to make sure there are no unexpected consequences related to disease management because of the timing of the insecticide applications," Bessin said. "Growers may need to apply fungicides differently because of the different insecticide spray schedule."
With results from this study, the researchers will host field days to educate the public on their findings. They will also revise current extension publications and create new ones to explain how to use the reduced-risk insecticides to effectively manage apple pests.
Keep the brakes on planting a little longer
Early summer could come at a price, UK ag meteorologist cautions
Photo depicts damage to apple trees after the Easter Freeze in 2007.
Without looking at the calendar, Kentuckians might easily be fooled into thinking...
The Arboretum gears up to host a Party for the Planet
The Arboretum, on the campus of the University of Kentucky in Lexington, is partnering with LG&E and KU Energy LLC to offer a month-long celebration called Party for the Planet 2012, with activities for...


text: my name is Reed Gaddie, a cousin to most of the Gaddies living in Hart County Kentucky USA, and our father was traced back to a descendant William Gaddey (Gaddy,Gadie,Gaddey) family whom left Scotland possibly about _PHONE_, and settled somewhere in New Kent County Virginia. My mother gave me a copy of a land lease in 1732, which stated he was from New Kent County Virginia, most of which parish records were burned in the civil war. Recently, our family travelled to Scotland to find our lost ancestors. We discovered them in the eastern coastal lowland towns of Arbothnott, Kineff, and Bervie. Some of our family at one time lived on the Orkney Island. One interesting fact is these towns were close to Aberdeen. In Aberdeen, there is today a river named "Gadie Burne" located at the back of the Benachie mountains. Additionally, there is a national song written regarding this river or Burne. My question for all those knowledgeable in Scotland's history. What is the source of the name "Gadie Burne." One individual suggested it may have been named after a family of ancient origin whom lived in that area perhaps even earlier than most historial records were recorded. According to another, the Gadie family was in that area even as early as the 4th century a.d. and was involved in some battle which nearly extinguished the family. This family anciently were known to be practice the skills of blacksmithing even perhaps of ancient weapons, and worked with precious ores. An inventory of widow Mary Gaddey in 1752 verified this fact. Back to my question - Does anyone know of the origin of the Gadie family, or Gadie Burne name?


text:
Awarded as the best online publication by CIDC
The change in pore water pressure varies in different soils. In loose sands and sandy silts, the pore water pressure increases during pile driving owing to soil densification. The increase in pore water pressure reduces the soil strength. However, after piling operation ceases for a certain period of time, upon dissipation of pore water pressure the soils would result in increased strength by soil "set-up".
For dense sands, the piling operation cause dilation and increases the pore volume. As such, water may not be fast enough to infiltrate to equalize the pore pressure and this results in a reduction of pore water pressure. Therefore, the apparent increased soil strength is temporary only and it would be reverted back when soil relaxation takes place soon.


text:
Kiwi project - Pest monitoring protocol
Purpose 1: To determine the animal pests which are present.
Purpose 2: To present data about our pest management activities.
Purpose 3: To support the proposed translocation of NI robin to Russell in March 2007.
Method: Combination of tracking tunnels, traps and wax tag monitoring.
Pest monitoring lines: 500 metres long, unbiased compass line, N/S where possible.
Note that other species present can include ant, weta, dog, gecko, and others.
Table 1: Structure and targeting of pest monitoring lines
|Rat||Ink card in tracking tunnel||24 hours||Peanut butter||10||50m|
|Stoat/weasel||Ink card in tracking tunnel||3 days||Fresh rabbit||5||100m|
|Cat||SA cat trap||7 days||Fresh meat/fish||3||150m|
|Possum/rat/mice||Wax tab||7 days||Glow bug||20||10m|
Timing - Activation of pest monitoring lines
Pest monitoring occupies an eight day cycle, typically beginning and ending on a Monday as shown in Table 2 below.
Timing - Frequency of activation of pest monitoring lines
- Pest monitoring lines are activated on the above schedules (Tables 1 & 2) once per month for three months.
- The first two cycles are to develop a good picture of the pests present, the scale of the pest levels, and to determine pest management action to lower their presence.
- The third cycle is to determine if the adjustment in pest management techniques has worked or otherwise.
- Further monitoring may be required at this point to fine-tune the pest management system.
- Once a stable situation is demonstrated to exist, test monitoring lines are then activated on a seasonal basis, i.e. three monthly throughout the year.
Table 2: Eight day cycle for pest monitoring
|Monday||Activate the line||10 ink cards for rats||20 numbered wax tags for possums||Set 3 SA traps for cats|
|Tuesday|| ||Collect 10 rat cards, install 5 stoat cards||Check/re-set SAs|
|Wednesday || || || ||Check/re-set SAs|
|Thursday || || || ||Check/re-set SAs|
|Friday || ||Collect stoat cards|| ||Check/re-set SAs|
|Saturday|| || || ||Check/re-set SAs|
|Sunday|| || || ||Check/re-set SAs|
|Monday||De-activate the line||Leave tunnels in position||Collect 20 wax tabs||Check, then remove or de-activate SAs|
Analysis of the pest monitoring
Please inspect the monitoring cards that we use (purchased from Connovation Ltd).
Other indicators of pest levels negatives:
- Dead wildlife (birds, skinks, etc)
- Scratchings on trees (totara are favoured by possum for example)
- Lack of flowering and fruiting by native and exotic plants
- Foliage eaten, and plants/trees dead for no obvious reason
- Wandering dogs and cats
Indicators of good pest control:
- Presence of birds
- Absence of predator sightings
- Ability of orchards to produce fruit
- Able to grow roses
- New plants survive
- Dope growing is possible without netting or poisons
A short guide
It's quite easy to learn to identify animal prints. Read our notes then study your prints.
Rats have 4 toes on the front feet and five on the back. They have lumps on the underside of their feet that leave clear marks.
Mice show as very small dots. Their prints are very similar in layout to those of rats.
Lizards tracks are quite distinctive. Attrcat them through the Trakka using 50:50 banana and honey.
Mustelids if you draw a line between toes 1 and 4 the foot pad will be outside this line.
Hedgehogs both feet are similiar to the human hand with 5 digits only with a centre pad on both feet. The central pad is closer to the toes than that of a rat.


[Easy Ways] How to Fix a Bricked Phone
Android brick has multiple forms and it can occur to any device at any time. If your phone is behaving abnormally or is simply refusing to turn on, it is likely bricked and needs to be fixed using an appropriate fix method.
The following guide shows how you can find out if your phone is bricked, and if it is, what brick form it is and how to unbrick Android phone of yours. It covers everything you need to know about various bricks of Android based phones and tablets.
Part 1. How is Your Phone Bricked: Soft Brick, Hard Brick or Broken?
Before you find any methods on how to fix a bricked phone, it is important to know what bricked form your phone is in. Whether it is a soft brick, a hard brick, or it is completely broken. Match the symptoms of your device against the ones given below and you should be able to find it out.
1. What is Soft Brick?
A soft brick is the lowest form of an Android brick and these phones can actually easily be recovered. Your phone will show the following symptoms when it is soft bricked.
2. What is Hard Brick?
A hard brick is a more severe form of an Android brick. In this case, your phone will likely become unusable. Your phone will likely not turn on despite you pressing the Power button numerous times. Also, any other methods to revive the phone will also fail.
 - The phone won't turn on in any way or any formp
3. What is a Broken Android Device?
A broken Android device is a device that has one or many of its hardware components literally broken. This means a cable or any other part on your device has been damaged to the extent that it no longer does what it needs to do. As a result, your phone will not function.
Part 2. How to Fix the Soft Bricked Android Phone?
If yours is a soft bricked phone, then you have some really easy ways to fix it.
1. One click to Unbrick Android with Android System Recovery Tool
Tenorshare ReiBoot for Android is a one click unbrick tool for Android that helps you fix your soft bricked Android phones and tablets. It resolves the issues related with the core system that in turn fixes all other issues on your phone. It can be useful when your device shows the following symptoms.
When to Using ReiBoot to Fix Bricked Android?
 - A software error/crash occurred
 - Software problem occurred in the device mainly during OS upgrade or flashing
 - You fail to root the device properly
 - Installing malicious software on your Android phone or get virus attacked
How to Use ReiBoot to Fix Bricked Android?
If you would like to use it, the following shows how to unbrick a phone using the ReiBoot for Android software.
 - Download and launch the software. Click on Repair Android System.
 repair android system
 Image 1. Connect Android Device
 - Click on Repair Now.
 repair now
 Image 2. Repair Now
 - Enter your phone details and hit Next and wait for it to download the firmware.
 provide device details
 Image 3. Download Firmware Package
 - Click on Repair Now and wait for it to repair your phone.
 start repair
 Image 4. Start Repair
Your phone should now be repaired.
2. Wipe Your Data and Cache If Your Phone Keeps Rebooting:
When you are flashing a custom ROM, your Android phone will keep rebooting. This is because you forget to wipe all the data or cache of the previous ROM. The following is how to unbrick Android with this method.
 - Get your phone enters into the recovery mode, This method take ClockworkMod Recovery for example.
 - Use your volume keys to navigate the menus, and your power button to select menu items. Scroll down to Advanced, and choose "Wipe Dalvik Cache".
 - When that's finished, go back to the main screen and choose "Wipe Cache Partition".
 - Go to "Wipe Data/Factory Reset" to delete all your settings and apps, but you should still be using the correct ROM.
 wipe cache
 Pic 1. wipe cache
3. Flash a New ROM If Your Phone Boots Straight Into Recovery
If you boot up your phone straightly into ClockworkMod, then there's likely an issue with the ROM you flashed. In this case, you'll need to reflash new ROM.
 - Download the appropriate ROM (typically contained in a ZIP file) to an SD card.
 - Insert the SD card into your device.
 - Select Install updates from SD card.
 - Select the ZIP file containing the ROM.
 - Select Reboot system now.
 flash new rom
 Pic 2. flash new rom
Part 3. How to Fix the Hard Bricked Android Phone?
If your phone is hard bricked, the following methods on how to fix a hard bricked phone should help you.
1. Revive with a USB Jig
A few phones can be revived with a USB Jig. A USB jig is a small device that you can connect to your phone USB port and puts the phone into Download Mode to reinstall the stock firmware. You can find these for cheap on Amazon or eBay, but only for a very small number of devices.
usb jig
Pic 3. usb ji
2. Take It to A Repair Store
If no matter how hard you try, it won't work at all. Then you need take it back to your carrier's store or the nearest repair store and let them fix it for you.
That is how you fix a hard bricked phone.
Part 4. How to Fix the Broken Android Device?
If your phone is in the most severe condition, which is broken, then you can try the following ways to fix it. These methods do not use any Android unbrick tool.
1. Repair or Replace the Electrical Component
If your Android is broken especially after water damaged, dropped down, contact your manufacturer for the nearest service centre to find out the part of your phone that is damaged and have it replaced with a new one.
2. Buy a New Device
If the phone is damaged beyond repair, your last choice should be to get a new device.
Our guide above shows how to unbrick Android without recovery and with recovery so you can fix your phones regardless of how they are bricked: soft bricked, hard bricked or broken. We hope it really helps you out. If your Android phone stuck on recovery mode, headphone mode, bootloop, etc. ReiBoot for Android is really a professional Android fix software for you.
 Updated on 2020-02-19 / Update for Fix Android
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Neptune 3 UI - App Architecture
Neptune 3 UI uses a common architecture and principles for all of its apps: the Core UI Architecture.
Core UI Architecture
The Core UI Architecture adapts the component-based architecture, by breaking the UI down into individual UI components, to ensure component reusability. A component encapsulates both the functionality and behavior of a software element into a reusable unit.
Component-based software design has many advantages over the traditional object-oriented software design, such as:
 - Reduced time-to-market and development costs by reusing existing components.
 - Increased reliability by reusing existing components.
In general, Neptune 3 differentiates between UI primitives, like rectangles and images, and controls, like buttons. To combine several UI primitives and controls, you use panels or views, which are specific container types used to layout other containers as child UI types or controls. UI primitives are only used inside controls, because the controls can style the UI. The difference between a panel and a view is that the view interfaces with the stores, the app's business layer.
An app is usually designed around a specific context, often using a particular area of the service API, and can also depend on common services to be aware of the overall system's state. The aim of the Core UI Architecture is to avoid situations where the UI has dependencies on these common services; instead, they should be wrapped as a store entity.
The store is the only entity that is allowed to talk to service instances. Besides being the adapter to the service interfaces, the store provides the necessary business logic to achieve a clean UI. Consequently, the UI should only contain visual logic and exclude any business logic.
In turn, the UI itself is divided into several UI elements, some of which are allowed to have a reference to the store; but not others. Managing these dependencies in such a strict way allows these components to stay testable in a later stage of the project. This type of architecture also allows the developer to isolate a part of the UI and work solely in that part, independently, without being tied to service dependencies.
Example architecture:
Based on the diagram above:
 - Stores: Encapsulate the access to the service API and contain required business logic
 - Views: Have a reference to a store which provides the necessary information to others
 - Panels: Container for other controls and panels. A panel should not have any dependency to a store or a view
 - Controls: Re-usable visual element which has no external data dependencies, besides primitives
 - Helpers: Collection of some operations.
A store is a data-driven object, that encapsulates the business logic in an app; it is the only portion of the UI that uses the service layer. A store can have child stores which can be further forwarded to sub-trees in the UI. Ideally, a store has an interface that defines the API for the store to be tested. Views would only see this interface so that they do not depend on a concrete store. The store that inherits the abstract interface then fills it with values from the required service and feeds the UI. Alternatively, developers can also use the store interface and feed the UI via static simulation data or an automated simulation backend that runs the states required to provide the desired data.
A view is a container for UI panels; this is the only container that depends on a store inside the app. Other UI parts need to be clear that they do not have any dependencies to any stores like views do, to make sure these components are easy to test.
The image above is an example of a simple widget view in a Music App. It is a container that holds the music control panel and an album art panel. This view takes the information from the music store that is interfaced with the music service, which provides a collection of songs to the app.
A panel is a container for controls and other panels. Normally, a panel is a layout of controls with a set of functionalities to support the app, such as the Music Control Panel shown below:
A control in this context is an app-specific control that is used only by the app itself. For example, the play, previous, and next button in the image above.
A helper is an object that contains computing functions, but no properties. A typical helper is a set of JavaScript functions, which (if required) could later be moved into C++ code depending on the app's requirements.
UI Harnesses
The architecture described above gives the developer the capability to work independently without depending on some services. Neptune 3 UI's harnesses are located in the tests folder where they are also used by the unit tests.
In many large-scale UI projects, it is very common that UI developers have to run the whole UI just to see changes on a small UI component. In comparison, the UI Harness enables developers to do UI live reloading, such as via QmlLive, during the development process, which can significantly boost their productivity.
Below is an example of the UI harness for the instrument cluster that uses some static data to simulate a particular state and can be run independently using qmlscene or qmllive without the need to run the whole UI.
// tests/ClusterHarness.qml
import QtQuick 2.8
import QtQuick.Window 2.2
import views 1.0
import stores 1.0
import shared.Style 1.0
import shared.Sizes 1.0
Item {
 id: root
 width: Sizes.dp(1920)
 height: Sizes.dp(720)
 Image {
 anchors.fill: parent
 source: Style.image("instrument-cluster-bg")
 fillMode: Image.Stretch
 // The Cluster View that shows large parts of the cluster
 ClusterView {
 anchors.fill: parent
 rtlMode: root.LayoutMirroring.enabled
 // A mocked cluster store to test the cluster view
 // independently from any services it normally would
 // depend on
 store: ClusterStoreInterface {
 id: dummystore
 navigationMode: false
 speed: 0.0
 speedLimit: 120
 speedCruise: 40.0
 driveTrainState: 2
 ePower: 50
 lowBeamHeadlight: true
 highBeamHeadlight: true
 fogLight: true
 stabilityControl: true
 seatBeltFasten: true
 leftTurn: true
 rightTurn: true
 absFailure: true
 parkBrake: true
 tyrePressureLow: true
 brakeFailure: true
 airbagFailure: true


text:
Showing Collections: 1 - 3 of 3
A collection of 625 Indian ink and 19 watercolour drawings of churches and buildings in Oxfordshire by J.C. Buckler, _PHONE_.
Extents: 6 shelfmarks
Collection of Indian ink drawings of buildings in Oxford by J.C. Buckler.
Extents: 2 shelfmarks
Drawings, with some engravings and lithographs, mainly of buildings and objects in Oxfordshire and Wiltshire
Drawings, with some engravings and lithographs, mainly of buildings and objects in Oxfordshire and Wiltshire, 19th century.
Shelfmark: MS. Top. Oxon. c. 532
Extents: 82 Leaves
Dates: 19th century
- Indexed subjects
- 18th century 1
- Architecture -- England -- Oxfordshire 2
- Church buildings 1
- Church buildings -- England -- Oxfordshire 1
- Drawing 1
- Drawings 1
- Oxford (England) 1
- Wiltshire (England) 1
- Indexed names
- Benson | Robert | _PHONE_ | judge and local historian of Salisbury 1
- Phillipps | Sir | Thomas | _PHONE_ | Baronet | Antiquary, and Collector of MSS and Books 1


gftopk (1) - Linux Man Pages
gftopk: convert generic font files to packed font files
gftopk - convert generic font files to packed font files
gftopk [-v] gf_file_name [pk_file_name]
The gftopk program converts a generic font file output by, for example, mf(1), to a packed font file for use by DVI-reading programs. Packed font files (pk files) are much smaller than the corresponding gf files, so they are generally the font format of choice.
The gf_file_name on the command line must be complete. Because the resolution is part of the extension, it would not make sense to append a default extension as is done with TeX or DVI-reading software. The pk_file_name defaults to the same (stripped) name as gf_file_name, and it is placed in the current working directory with the pk suffix replacing gf. For example, the input file cmr10.300gf would become cmr10.300pk.
Unless the -v switch is given, gftopk operates silently. With -v, the version number of the program and statistics about the packing are output to stdout.
gftopk looks for gf_file_name first in the current directory. If it is not present there, it uses the environment variable GFFONTS. If that is not set, it uses the variable TEXFONTS. If that is not set, it uses the system default.
See tex(1) for the details of the searching.
Donald E. Knuth et al., Metafontware.


eKiosk GmbH
Ceremonial handover of Germany's first citizens terminals with video function
presentation citizens terminal Neustadt
At 14.10 the first citizen kiosk of the State Saxony was put into operation in Neustadt. The formal presentation was made by Mr Justice Minister Jürgen Martens (FDP) to the mayor of Neustadt (Saxony ) Manfred Elsner.
Through the video interface and the remote control of scanners, printers, etc developed by eKiosk it is the first citizens terminal in Germany with these features and extends the eGouvernment landscape in Germany as an example. Minister in Justice Minister Jürgen Martens ( FDP) sees this project as a major project at the European level to support local communities.
The Citizens terminal will be used in the future as a branch of the county Saxon Switzerland.
So applications can be filled out and printed. Via video phone the Citizens are connected to an employee in the district headquarters in Pirna.
The device and 13 more in Saxony are tested for two years, and when the civil terminal is accepted by the population, is a major rollout.