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100 + +
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Outlier detection in data mining
I will limit myself to what I think is essential to give some clues about all of your questions, because this is the topic of a lot of textbooks and they might probably be better addressed in separate questions.
 1. I wouldn't use k-means for spotting outliers in a multivariate dataset, for the simple reason that the k-means algorithm is not built for that purpose: You will always end up with a solution that minimizes the total within-cluster sum of squares (and hence maximizes the between-cluster SS because the total variance is fixed), and the outlier(s) will not necessarily define their own cluster. Consider the following example in R:
 set.seed(123) sim.xy <- function(n, mean, sd) cbind(rnorm(n, mean 1, sd1), rnorm(n, mean2,sd 2))
 generate three clouds of points, well separated in the 2D plane
 xy <- rbind(sim.xy(100, c(0,0), c(.2,.2)), sim.xy(100, c(2.5,0), c(.4,.2)), sim.xy(100, c(1.25,.5), c(.3,.2))) xy[1,] <- c(0,2) # convert 1st obs. to an outlying value km3 <- kmeans(xy, 3) # ask for three clusters km4 <- kmeans(xy, 4) # ask for four clusters
As can be seen in the next figure, the outlying value is never recovered as such: It will always belong to one of the other clusters.
One possibility, however, would be to use a two-stage approach where one's removing extremal points (here defined as vector far away from their cluster centroids) in an iterative manner, as described in the following paper: Improving K-Means by Outlier Removal (Hautamäki, et al.).
This bears some resemblance with what is done in genetic studies to detect and remove individuals which exhibit genotyping error, or individuals that are siblings/twins (or when we want to identify population substructure), while we only want to keep unrelated individuals; in this case, we use multidimensional scaling (which is equivalent to PCA, up to a constant for the first two axes) and remove observations above or below 6 SD on any one of say the top 10 or 20 axes (see for example, Population Structure and Eigenanalysis, Patterson et al., PLoS Genetics 2006 2(12)).
A common alternative is to use ordered robust mahalanobis distances that can be plotted (in a QQ plot) against the expected quantiles of a Chi-squared distribution, as discussed in the following paper:
R.G. Garrett (1989). The chi-square plot: a tools for multivariate outlier recognition. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 32(1/3): 319-341.
(It is available in the mvoutlier R package.)
 1. It depends on what you call user input. I interpret your question as whether some algorithm can process automatically a distance matrix or raw data and stop on an optimal number of clusters. If this is the case, and for any distance-based partitioning algorithm, then you can use any of the available validity indices for cluster analysis; a good overview is given in
Handl, J., Knowles, J., and Kell, D.B. (2005). Computational cluster validation in post-genomic data analysis. Bioinformatics 21(15): 3201-3212.
that I discussed on Cross Validated. You can for instance run several instances of the algorithm on different random samples (using bootstrap) of the data, for a range of cluster numbers (say, k=1 to 20) and select k according to the optimized criteria taht was considered (average silhouette width, cophenetic correlation, etc.); it can be fully automated, no need for user input.
There exist other forms of clustering, based on density (clusters are seen as regions where objects are unusually common) or distribution (clusters are sets of objects that follow a given probability distribution). Model-based clustering, as it is implemented in Mclust, for example, allows to identify clusters in a multivariate dataset by spanning a range of shape for the variance-covariance matrix for a varying number of clusters and to choose the best model according to the BIC criterion.
 1. This is a hot topic in classification, and some studies focused on SVM to detect outliers especially when they are misclassified. A simple Google query will return a lot of hits, e.g. Support Vector Machine for Outlier Detection in Breast Cancer Survivability Prediction by Thongkam et al. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2008 4977/2008 99-109; this article includes comparison to ensemble methods). The very basic idea is to use a one-class SVM to capture the main structure of the data by fitting a multivariate (e.g., gaussian) distribution to it; objects that on or just outside the boundary might be regarded as potential outliers. (In a certain sense, density-based clustering would perform equally well as defining what an outlier really is is more straightforward given an expected distribution.)
Other approaches for unsupervised, semi-supervised, or supervised learning are readily found on Google, e.g.
A related topic is anomaly detection, about which you will find a lot of papers.
 1. That really deserves a new (and probably more focused) question :-)
Variable width bars in ggplot2 barplot in R
How about using width= after rescaling your d vector, say by a constant amount?
ggplot(dat, aes(x=a, y=b, width=d/100)) +
 geom_bar(aes(fill=a), stat="identity", position="identity")
Zip or enumerate in R?
There have been some discussions around list comprehension for R, e.g. here or there. The hash package even offers dictionary-like structure. However, as others said, it is difficult to try to map one language facilities onto another (even if this is what Comparison of programming languages actually offers) without a clear understanding of what it is supposed to be used to. For example, I can mimic Python zip() in R as follows:
Python
In [1]: x = [1,2,3]
In [2]: y = [4,5,6]
In [3]: zip(x, y)
Out[3]: [(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)]
R
> x <- 1:3
> y <- 4:6
> list(x, y) # gives a simple list
> as.list(paste(x, y)) # three tuples, as a list of characters
> mapply(list, x, y, SIMPLIFY=F) # gives a list of 3 tuples
> rbind(x, y) # gives a 2x3 matrix
As can be seen, this really depends on what you want to do with the result afterwards.
gnuplot conditional plotting: plot col A:col B if col C == x
Consider the following dataset (1.dat),
1 0.8 0
2 0.6 0
3 0.9 1
4 1.1 0
5 0.7 0
6 0.6 1
where we want to plot the first two columns only when the third one equals zero. Then you can try this:
plot '1.dat' using 1:($3==0?$2:1/0)
(Credit to markjoe on Gnuplot mailing-list.)
Subset dataframe by multiple logical conditions of rows to remove
Try this
subset(data, !(v1 %in% c("b","d","e")))
How to compute error rate from a decision tree?
Assuming you mean computing error rate on the sample used to fit the model, you can use printcp(). For example, using the on-line example,
> library(rpart)
> fit <- rpart(Kyphosis ~ Age + Number + Start, data=kyphosis)
> printcp(fit)
Classification tree:
rpart(formula = Kyphosis ~ Age + Number + Start, data = kyphosis)
Variables actually used in tree construction:
[1] Age Start
Root node error: 17/81 = 0.20988
n


text:
This set of touch math multiplication timed tests (0 to 12) was created for those students who use the touch math skip counting strategy to help them with their math facts.
This is another free resource for teachers created by The Curriculum Corner.
You will find various resources within this post:
- Individual (for each number 0 through 12) & Mixed Review (0 to 5, 6 to 10, 0 to 10 and 0 to 12) 25-problem sets – all pages in one download
- 100-Problem Mixed Review Pages (0 to 5, 6 to 10, 0 to 10 and 0 to 12)
While learning math facts for memory provides students with the foundation and speed for more difficult concepts as they progress, we know that it can be difficult for some students. That is why we have created this specific set of timed tests. Students can use the touch math strategy to skip count quickly for correct answers.
Not familiar with the strategy? Here's a brief description of how it works on these facts:
- First your students need to be sure they can skip count quickly and accurately by the number of the set they are working on. So, if they are working on their 8s, they need to be able to quickly count by 8s to 80 (or 96 depending on the level of mastery they are required to learn).
- Have them practice this several times until they are fluent in their skip counting. In Jill's classroom, putting the skip counting to a tune/music for each set was a HUGE help! (Many of her former students have told her they STILL remember these songs as adults!)
- Next, students look at the math multiplication fact they are working on and begin skip counting on the OTHER number in the problem. They actually use the tip of their pencil and TOUCH the dots on the other number. For example, if they are working on the fact 8 x 4, they will skip count by 8s ON THE NUMBER 4 by using the dots provided on the number 4 on the timed test.
- If a dot is open in the center, it will be "touched" twice with their pencil. (On the numbers 6 through 9, any dot that is not opaque will be touched two times in their skip counting.)
- Again, lots of practice is the key to their success in using this strategy on timed tests.
We have included three pages for each individual set of facts so that students who are working on the same set can sit next to each other during testing if needed.
The touch math multiplication timed tests are in three downloads below.
We have provided the tests in both horizontal and vertical forms.
NOTE: The 100-problem pages are two pages (to fit all the problems with the touch math font) and will need to be copied two-sided.
You will find the links to all three sets of touch math multiplication timed tests here:

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Definitions for Bowboʊ
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
to bend the knee or body or incline the head, as in reverence, submission, or salutation.
to yield; submit:
to bow to the inevitable.
to bend or curve downward; stoop:
The pines bowed low.
(v.t.)to bend or incline (the knee, body, or head) in worship, submission, respect, civility, etc.
to cause to submit; subdue; crush.
to cause to stoop or incline.
to express by a bow:
to bow one's thanks.
to usher (someone) with a bow:
They were bowed in by the footman.
to cause to bend; make curved or crooked.
bow out, to withdraw by choice, as from a task; retire.
Category: Verb Phrase
(n.)an inclination of the head or body in salutation, assent, thanks, reverence, submission, etc.
Idioms for bow:
bow and scrape,to be excessively polite or deferential.
Origin of bow:
bef. 900; ME bowen (v.), OE būgan; c. D buigen
a flexible strip of wood or other material, bent by a string stretched between its ends, for shooting arrows.
a bend or curve.
a readily loosened knot for joining the ends of a ribbon or string, having two projecting loops.
Category: Navy, Textiles
a loop or gathering of ribbon, paper, etc., used as a decoration.
a flexible rod having horsehairs stretched from end to end, used for playing a musical instrument of the viol or violin families.
Category: Music and Dance
something curved or arc-shaped.
an archer; bowman.
Ref: temple2 (def. 2). 1 2 3
aU-shaped piece for placing under an animal's neck to hold a yoke.
(adj.)curved outward at the center; bent:
(v.i.)to bend into the form of a bow; curve.
to perform with a bow on a stringed instrument.
Category: Music and Dance
Origin of bow:
bef. 1000; ME bowe (n.), OE boga
the forward end of a vessel or airship.
Category: Aeronautics, Nautical, Navy
the foremost oar in rowing a boat.
(adj.)of or pertaining to the bow of a ship.
Category: Nautical, Navy
Origin of bow:
1620–30; < LG boog (n.) or D boeg or Dan bov; see bough
a knot with two loops and loose ends; used to tie shoelaces
a slightly curved piece of resilient wood with taut horsehair strands; used in playing certain stringed instruments
bow, fore, prow, stem(noun)
front part of a vessel or aircraft
"he pointed the bow of the boat toward the finish line"
a weapon for shooting arrows, composed of a curved piece of resilient wood with a taut cord to propel the arrow
something curved in shape
bow, bowing, obeisance(noun)
bending the head or body or knee as a sign of reverence or submission or shame or greeting
bow, curtain call(noun)
an appearance by actors or performers at the end of the concert or play in order to acknowledge the applause of the audience
a decorative interlacing of ribbons
a stroke with a curved piece of wood with taut horsehair strands that is used in playing stringed instruments
bow, bow down(verb)
bend one's knee or body, or lower one's head
"He bowed before the King"; "She bowed her head in shame"
submit, bow, defer, accede, give in(verb)
yield to another's wish or opinion
"The government bowed to the military pressure"
bend the head or the upper part of the body in a gesture of respect or greeting
"He bowed before the King"
crouch, stoop, bend, bow(verb)
bend one's back forward from the waist on down
"he crouched down"; "She bowed before the Queen"; "The young man stooped to pick up the girl's purse"
play on a string instrument with a bow
Kernerman English Learner's Dictionary
a knot with loops
to tie a bow
an object used for playing the violin
***He pulled the bow across the strings.
a weapon for shooting arrows
***a bow and arrow
to bend forward to show respect or thanks
to bow to the audience
to look down or to bend the head down
He bowed his head in shame.
the act of bending forward
***to take a bow
the front of a ship
***a boy fishing from the bow
The front of a boat or ship.
Origin: From bugan, from beuganan. Cognate with Dutch buigen, German biegen.
to cause to deviate from straightness; to bend; to inflect; to make crooked or curved
to exercise powerful or controlling influence over; to bend, figuratively; to turn; to incline
to bend or incline, as the head or body, in token of respect, gratitude, assent, homage, or condescension
to cause to bend down; to prostrate; to depress,;/ to crush; to subdue
to express by bowing; as, to bow one's thanks
to bend; to curve
to bend the head, knee, or body, in token of reverence or submission; -- often with down
to incline the head in token of salutation, civility, or assent; to make bow
an inclination of the head, or a bending of the body, in token of reverence, respect, civility, or submission; an obeisance; as, a bow of deep humility
anything bent, or in the form of a curve, as the rainbow
a weapon made of a strip of wood, or other elastic material, with a cord connecting the two ends, by means of which an arrow is propelled
an ornamental knot, with projecting loops, formed by doubling a ribbon or string
the U-shaped piece which embraces the neck of an ox and fastens it to the yoke
an appliance consisting of an elastic rod, with a number of horse hairs stretched from end to end of it, used in playing on a stringed instrument
any instrument consisting of an elastic rod, with ends connected by a string, employed for giving reciprocating motion to a drill, or for preparing and arranging the hair, fur, etc., used by hatters
a rude sort of quadrant formerly used for taking the sun's altitude at sea
two pieces of wood which form the arched forward part of a saddletree
to play (music) with a bow
to manage the bow
the bending or rounded part of a ship forward; the stream or prow
one who rows in the forward part of a boat; the bow oar
Translations for Bow
Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary
a springy curved rod bent by a string, by which arrows are shot.
- arcoPortuguese (BR)
- der BogenGerman
- bue; flitsbueDanish
- (šaujamais) loks; stopsLatvian
- 弓Chinese (Trad.)
- cái cungVietnamese
- 弓Chinese (Simp.)
Get even more translations for Bow »

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Being an atheist is fine, as long as you do good, Pope Francis said Wednesday, rocking the worlds of less-tolerant Catholics.
In his homily at the morning Mass in Rome, the leader of the world's 1.2 billion Roman Catholics, urged the faithfuls to broaden their horizon, following a principle Jesus taught his disciples. Citing the Gospel of Mark, he described how upset the disciples were at the news that someone outside their group was doing good.
"They complained: If he is not one of us, he cannot do good. If he is not of our party, he cannot do good," Francis said.
"This was wrong," he added, according to a report from Vatican Radio.
VIDEO: Where the Catholic Church Stands on Science
Labeling the disciples as "a little intolerant," closed off by the idea that "those who do not have the truth, cannot do good," Francis remarked on the importance of the "doing good" commandment. The principle, he said, unites all humanity, beyond religions and ideologies, creating a "culture of encounter," which is at the basis of peace.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Created by: iRobot and the University of Chicago
Size: Prototypes run from the size of a ping pong ball to basketball size
Purpose: Shape-shift and fit through small spaces
The makers of the Roomba and Scooba took on a grant from the U.S. Army and the Defense Dept. to create a shape-shifting robot. The result is the Chembot. It moves by inflating and deflating as well as by pushing certain sections out and jumping along. Still in the realm of technology research, iRobot will not produce these soon. It could be a long while before we see a shape-shifting robot squeeze through a crack in the door.
See Chembot in action


text:
Discovering the Azawakh: Africa's Elegant Sighthound
Introduction to Africa's Elegant Sighthound
The Azawakh, also known as Africa's Elegant Sighthound, is a rare and regal breed. Originating from the arid regions of the Sahara and Sub-Saharan Sahel in Africa, the Azawakh is renowned for its slim, elegant build and its surprising speed and endurance. This breed is a sighthound, a category of dogs characterized by their keen vision and high-speed pursuits. The Azawakh, however, is not just a hunting dog; it is a companion, a guardian, and a part of the family.
The History of the Azawakh
The Azawakh has a rich history that spans thousands of years. This breed takes its name from the Azawakh Valley in the Sahara desert, where it has been bred by the indigenous tribes of the region for centuries. The Tuareg, Fula and various other nomadic peoples have used the Azawakh not only for hunting but also for guarding their camps and livestock.
Ancient carvings and engravings found in the Sahara dating back to over 8,000 years ago depict dogs similar in appearance to the Azawakh, indicating the breed's antiquity. However, the Azawakh was relatively unknown outside of its native region until the 20th century, when it was introduced to Europe.
Physical Characteristics of the Azawakh
The Azawakh is a tall and elegant breed, often described as having a graceful, gazelle-like appearance. They typically stand about 24 to 29 inches tall at the shoulder and weigh between 33 to 55 pounds. They have a slender build with a deep chest, a characteristic common among sighthounds allowing for efficient respiration during high-speed pursuits.
Their coat, which can come in a variety of colors, including fawn, brindle, blue, and black, is short and fine, providing some protection against the harsh desert climate. The Azawakh's almond-shaped eyes, which reflect a unique range of amber and dark brown shades, are one of its most striking features.
Temperament and Behavior of the Azawakh
The Azawakh is known for its loyalty and protective nature. These dogs form strong bonds with their families and are known to be standoffish or wary of strangers, making them excellent watchdogs. However, they are not typically aggressive without reason.
Azawakhs are intelligent and independent, traits that were vital for their survival in the harsh desert environment. They are known for their remarkable speed, capable of reaching speeds up to 40mph, and their endurance, able to sustain long, steady trots for miles.
Caring for an Azawakh
Though they are hardy dogs, accustomed to surviving in a harsh desert environment, Azawakhs do require specific care. They need plenty of exercises and are happiest when they have a large, safe area to run freely. Despite their energy, they are also quite content to relax with their families and are known to be quite affectionate.
Their short coats require little grooming, but they do not provide much protection against cold weather. In colder climates, Azawakhs may require coats or sweaters, and they should not be left outside for extended periods in the cold.
The Azawakh, Africa's Elegant Sighthound, is a remarkable breed with a rich history and unique qualities. Their grace, speed, and endurance, coupled with their loyalty and protective nature, make them truly stand out.
As with any breed, potential owners should do their research and ensure they can provide an Azawakh with the care, exercise, and love they require. For those who can, the Azawakh can prove to be a loyal companion and a fascinating link to ancient cultures and ways of life.


text:
Lookup NU author(s): Professor Mark Whittingham
Full text for this publication is not currently held within this repository. Alternative links are provided below where available.
Animals should adapt their escape behaviour to both physical and social surroundings in order to maximize their probability of survival. Cover can be both obstructive, reducing the visibility of the surroundings and hindering escape, and protective, providing refuge. We investigated how the provision of cover (long grass) affected (1) the escape behaviour and (2) the alarm call behaviour of Common Starlings Sturnus vulgaris responding to a model hawk during a simulated attack. Starlings always retreated away from the predator and sometimes alarm-called. Their escape trajectory was close to the ground when escaping in long grass, which could be explained by either tall swards hindering take-off or such swards being used as protective cover. On short grass their escape trajectory was much steeper (> 45°). We also investigated the use of alarm calls in Starlings according to predictions arising from the costs and benefits to callers and receivers. Callers could benefit from using alarm calls through dilution or confusion if their use initiates flock departures, thus reducing their probability of being targeted. If there is no cost to the producer of alarm calls we predicted that detectors should call at all times to gain these benefits (i.e. irrespective of grass length), but if their use is costly we predicted that they would be used only when the benefits outstrip the costs. In this case we would predict that alarm calls would be given when other (visual) signals were impaired on long grass but not when they were effective on short grass. Starlings used alarm calls on long grass when visibility was reduced more frequently than on short grass, suggesting that calling has a cost to the producer. The contrasting escape strategies of Starlings in relation to a relatively small (10 cm) change in grass height demonstrates the potential importance of habitat structure in determining predation risk. © 2008 The Authors.
Author(s): Devereux CL, Fernandez-Juricic E, Krebs JR, Whittingham MJ
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Print publication date: 01/08/2008
ISSN (print): 0019-1019
ISSN (electronic): 1474-919X
Publisher: British Ornithologists' Union
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How to highlight active links for one-page navigation with JavaScript
One of my clients wanted to highlight active menu items as the user scrolls through their one page website sections. I implemented the requested feature and I thought I would share how it was achieved.
Here is a simple demonstration of the mentioned effect.
Notes
 - I'll not go much into styling the involved elements to keep this tutorial short and precise.
 - We'll be using jQuery, so this tutorial assumes the library is loaded on your page.
Let's get started.
First of all, we are going to create a navigation menu, it's going to be in the following format.

 Features
 Why Us
 About Us
 Team
 Contact

You can obviously use your own navigation, but we'll keep it simple for this tutorial. Each menu item should be pointing to an existing section with the corresponding ID.
Let's do the magic.
In your scripts file (.js) , or within the scripts tag of your HTML document, add the following to get started.
$(document).ready(function () {
 // Our code will go here
});
We'll wrap all out code inside a 'ready' function, so that it run once the page is ready for JavaScript code to execute.
To manipulate navigation menu items on scroll we need to listen to scroll event.
$(window).scroll(function (e) {
 // Our logic here
});
Now that we have the scroll listener ready, we need to create the logic to find the section in view and highlight the corresponding menu item.
// Detect how far are we from the top of the page
let windowTop = $(this).scrollTop();
// Loop through every navigation menu item
$('.nav a').each(function (event) {
 // Check for the current navigation item associated section
 // Check how far the associated section is from the top
 // If the associated section is as far as the user have scrolled, add 'active' class to the item.
 if (windowTop >= $($(this).attr('href')).offset().top - 100) {
 // Remove 'active' from previously highlighted menu items
 $('.nav .active').removeClass('active');
 // Highlight the current menu item by adding 'active' class
 $(this).addClass('active');
 }
});
With the code above inside our scroll listener, JavaScript will be able to detect the sections in view and highlight the menu items pointing to them. Don't forget to add styling to the 'active' CSS class to give the highlighted items some special looks.
If you want to view the whole code for this implementation with a little bit of customization added to it, you can find it on Github.
Leave a comment


text:
Le Gallienne, Eva
Le Gallienne, Eva
(b. 11 January 1899 in London, England; d. 3 June 1991 in Weston, Connecticut), actress, director, and producer who founded the first classical repertory theater in America.
Le Gallienne was the only child of an English novelist and poet, Richard Le Gallienne, and a Danish journalist, Julie Nørregaard. She grew up in Paris, France, and attended the Colløge Sévigné. Inspired by performances of Sarah Bernhardt, she studied acting at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art and made her acting debut in London in 1914. The next year she sailed for New York. In 1918, while performing in a company with Ethel Barrymore, she formed her first important lesbian relationship with the notorious actress Alia Nazimova. From 1920 to 1925 she starred on Broadway and toured the country in Arthur Reichman's Not So Long Ago and Molnar's Liliom and The Swan.
At the age of twenty-seven and at the height of her fame, she turned her back on stardom and dared to challenge the male-dominated Broadway system of long runs, high prices, and typecasting. Supported by wealthy patrons such as Otto H. Kahn and the reclusive lesbian Alice De Lámar, she established America's first classical repertory theater, the Civic Repertory Theatre (_PHONE_). Associated with it was a school for apprentices that included Robert Lewis, Burgess Meredith, Arnold Moss, Howard da Silva, John Garfield, May Sarton, and J. Edward Bromberg.
At the end of the first season she had filled her theater to an average 78 percent capacity and had produced six out of eight critical successes. In November 1929 she was on the cover of Time and for two years she earned a place on the Nation's'Roll of Honor.' By her third season she was playing to 91 percent capacity. During the company's ten years she staged thirty-seven plays in New York and toured the most successful ones during the summer. The most popular offerings included The Cradle Song (1927), Hedda Gabler, Peter Pan, Romeo and Juliet, and The Cherry Orchard (all 1928), Camille (1931), and Alice in Wonderland (1932). Her 1926 production of Anton Chekhov's The Three Sisters was its English-language premiere in New York.
Her popularity took a turn in the 1930s. With her focus on the classics, especially on the plays of Ibsen, she limited her following. Also, theatergoers had become more aware of her lesbianism. The influential and homophobic critic George Jean Nathan dubbed the Civic Repertory Theatre "the Le Gallienne sorority," while countless cruel jokes and rumors began to circulate about activities at the theater.
In 1937 Margaret Webster moved into Le Gallienne's professional and private life. Together they, along with Cheryl Crawford, founded the American Repertory Theatre in 1946. Le Gallienne starred in Henry VIII (1946), What Every Woman Knows (1946), John Gabriel Borkynan (1946), and Alice in Wonderland (1947), directing the latter two shows as well. Although they received considerable financial support and strong testimonials from Broadway luminaries, the company could not withstand union demands, the high cost of producing plays in repertory, and the many complaints over play selection. Accusations of communism leveled at both Webster and Crawford hurt ticket sales.
Le Gallienne's life and career went steadily downhill. In 1951 her relationship with Webster ended, and except for sporadic successes her theater career was over. When not acting or directing she turned her energies to translating the plays of Ibsen and the tales of Hans Christian Andersen, as well as writing a biography of Eleonora Duse (The Mystic in the Theatre: Eleonora Duse, 1966) and her own autobiography With a Quiet Heart (1953). In the summers she often taught acting at Lucille Lortel's White Barn Theatre in Connecticut. One of her young students was Peter Falk. During long stretches of inactivity she turned to alcohol for escape.
In 1957 Le Gallienne appeared as Queen Elizabeth in Tyrone Guthrie's production of Schiller's Mary Stuart, which was a stunning success. The attention brought her television roles as well as a five-year affiliation with the National Repertory Theatre (_PHONE_), where she either acted in or directed the great plays of Shakespeare, Ibsen, Chekhov, Sheridan, Moliøre, and Euripides. In 1968 she joined the APA—Phoenix Theatre for one season, performing in Exit the King and directing The Cherry Orchard. Between 1957 and 1975 the once-prominent actress appeared in only 117 Broadway performances.
Le Gallienne returned to Broadway in 1975 with Ellis Rabb's revival of The Royal Family. Although intended for only a two-week engagement at the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C., the successful production went on to the Brooklyn Academy of Music and to Broadway, had a twenty-three week national tour, and finally became a television special.
Behind her public role as a famous actress, director, and producer, Le Gallienne led a private life troubled by her personal struggle with lesbianism. For more than fifty years she lived in shadows. Like many lesbians of her generation, she viewed herself as a man trapped in a female body. Because she was unwilling to hide behind a convenient marriage or to camouflage her relationships in order to boost her career, her sexuality became a nemesis that created her great need for privacy. Acting was a way of publicly expressing her personal feelings. She could reveal her soul when she performed. Some have said that her struggle with her sexuality drained her creative energy, others have said it was the very source of it. Regardless, it profoundly influenced her art, coloring her selection of scripts, casting choices, management decisions, style of acting, and ultimately her critical reception.
During her long career Le Gallienne earned a Tony Award for lifetime achievement (1964), an Emmy for her role in the television broadcast The Royal Family (1977), the American National Theatre and Academy's National Artist Award (1977), and an Academy Award nomination for best supporting actress in the film Resurrection (1980). At the age of eighty-two she received another Tony nomination for her performance in To Grandmother's House We Go (1981). She did not win, but the New York Times paid tribute: "She has no equal on Broadway. It is easy to fall in love all over again with Eva Le Gallienne, her face, her voice, her poise, and her beauty." In 1986, President Ronald Reagan awarded her the National Medal of Arts. When American Theatre 3 magazine celebrated the silver anniversary of the nonprofit-theater movement in America, they featured Le Gallienne and proclaimed that her efforts in the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s "presaged a changing role for the theatre a generation in advance." Along with Tyrone Guthrie, John Houseman, and Zelda Fichandler, she was credited for being one of the artists who "played a part in shaping America's nonprofit theatre." She died at her home in Weston of natural causes at the age of ninety-two.
The Billy Rose Theatre Collection of the New York Public Library contains clippings, photographs, and taped interviews with her associates. Hundreds of letters she wrote to Mercedes de Acosta are in the Rosenbach Museum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Civic Repertory Theatre Collection is housed at the Beinecke Library, at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. Her autobiographies include At 33 (1934) and With a Quiet Heart (1953). There are two biographies of Le Gallienne: Robert A. Schänke, Shattered Applause: The Lives of Eva Le Gallienne (1992), and Helen Sheehy, Eva Le Gallienne: A Biography (1996). Another source is Schanke's reference book Eva Le Gallienne: A Bio-Bibliography (1989). See also George Jean Nathan, "The Theatre," American Mercury 14 (May 1928): 122; Peter Zeisler, "Toward Brave New Worlds," American Theatre i (Nov. 1986): 5; and the New York Times (16 June 1974 and 16 Jan. 1981). An obituary is in the New York Times (5 June 1991).
Robert A. Schanke


Could you tell me if there is any difference in meaning between the following questions?
What do you expect of your partner.
What do you expect from your partner.
For of, I think that this is the most relevant meaning:
typical or characteristic of
For from:
used to show the place where someone or something starts
What you expect of somebody relates to the way they are, and the way that they behave, without reference to your involvement in that behaviour.
What you expect from somebody relates to what you personally get from them, both in terms of material things and their behaviour.
Your Answer


text: This work deals with the plasma-deposition of allyl methacrylate (AMA) and acrylic acid (AA) on metallic substrates. The plasma setup used is an atmospheric pressure radio frequency (RF) torch. Infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are used as characterization tools. In addition, spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) has been used to control the thickness and calculate the corresponding deposition rates. Whereas the surface chemistry of plasma deposited AMA does not seem to be influenced by the plasma power, acrylic acid based coatings are strongly degraded with the increasing power. AMA seems to allow an efficient polymerization, while at the same time is particularly resistant to plasma induced fragmentation in the range of power used.


text:
How German Households Use Electricity
Fully a quarter of the electricity used in the average German household now goes for information, communication, and entertainment electronics. That's the principal finding of a survey commissioned by several German energy agencies. Fifteen years ago it was only 7%.
"There has been a very noticeable increase in recent years in the number of devices, the amount of time they are in use and the size of the screen," said Jan Witt, director of the Association for Efficient Application of Energy, an organization of the power industry, that co-sponsored the study.
Computer use in the household averages nearly five hours a day, the study showed. And then there are such things as the router, printer, satellite receiver, antenna amplifier, fax, and modem. These devices often use power for standby even when they are idle. Of the average 3,091 kWh used annually per household, Witt reports, 760 kWh go to these devices.
The study also showed that refrigeration and freezing equipment uses 50 to 70% less power than it did 15 years ago. It then took 23% of household power, compared to 16% with today's efficient devices.
Below is a pie chart, showing exactly where the energy use goes in each household.
Pie Chart Translations:
- 24.6% TV/Audio and Office
- 16.1% Cooling and Freezing
- 13.8% Clothes Washing, Drying, Dishwashing
- 12.9% Hot Water
- 9.7% Cooking
- 8.5% Lighting
- 14.4% Miscellaneous (Climate, Wellness, Garden, and Other Electrical Devices)
Ted Shoemaker is a now-retired writer and editor based in Frankfurt, Germany.
Enter your comments in the box below:
(Please note that all blog entries and comments are subject to review prior to posting.)


text:
The Relevance of Hiring Professional Framework Professionals
When it involves structure or renovating a property, one of the most important actions is the framework of the framework. The structure functions as the backbone of the structure, supplying security, support, and also longevity. Employing specialist framing professionals is necessary for making sure that this crucial stage is done correctly. In this short article, we will discuss the significance of hiring specialist mounting specialists and the benefits they give any building and construction job.
1. Knowledge as well as Experience:
Professional framing professionals have the necessary experience and experience to manage mounting jobs of any size or complexity. They have actually undertaken substantial training and also have a complete understanding of construction concepts, building codes, and also safety guidelines. With their expertise, they can successfully evaluate the architectural demands of a task and establish the ideal products and strategies to make use of.
2. Quality Craftsmanship:
One of the most considerable advantages of working with professional framing service providers is the assurance of premium workmanship. They have the skills and also accuracy to precisely measure, cut, and put together the building frame. Their attention to information guarantees that the framework is appropriately lined up and also structurally noise. Quality craftsmanship at the framing phase sets the foundation for a well-built as well as sturdy structure.
3. Time and Price Performance:
Expert framing contractors work successfully and also successfully, minimizing delays and also quickening the construction process. They have a deep understanding of the necessary materials as well as techniques, which allows them to finish the framework job within the scheduled duration. Moreover, their competence helps stop costly blunders and revamp, conserving both money and time in the long run.
4. Conformity with Building Regulations:
Building codes and regulations are in area to make certain the safety and also integrity of structures. Expert framing specialists are well-versed in these codes and also make certain that the framing job is completed in conformity with the appropriate requirements. By employing experts, you can have comfort understanding that the structure fulfills all the essential requirements as well as is developed to last.
Finally, when it involves mounting a structure, it is crucial to employ professional mounting service providers. Their know-how, experience, and also capacity to deliver premium workmanship make them important to any building task. By delegating your framework requires to specialists, you can feel confident that your property will have a solid and also long lasting structure.


Vote for Our Mud on TMC!
help > class > bard
BARD (thief subclass)
Bards are an interesting group. They are, essentially, a melding of
fighters, thieves, and song masters. While adept at the skills of
both combat and larceny, a bard's primary power is derived from
offensive and defensive "songs." The bard undergoes rigorous training
to learn how to use words, melody and counterpoint to effect changes
in their environment. Bards can use their songs to hurt, to charm, and
to inspire as well as to understand the nature of objects around them.
As a hybrid of classes, a bard has the gift of both fighter and thief
abilities, but does not possess the full range, nor the full strength
of the abilities of a true member of either class.
Bards are charismatic and joyous adventurers. They are known
throughout the lands for regaling the folk with tales of their
journeys. As such, many shopkeepers reward bards by paying a higher
than usual price for a bard's goods. Shopkeepers may do this to
assist the bard in further adventuring and in hopes of the bard
returning with more glorious tales.
A bard only performs one song at a time, but is capable of improvising
with refrains that adjust the mood and keep the audience on their
Bards can not wear gloves, shield or plate helmet.
Bards have the following skills:
sleight staff toughness awareness
resistance disarm bow dagger
sword axe singing combat
spear mace flail
Bards have the following songs; the (*) indicates a refrain:
charm fear vengeance rejuvenation
lore * dirge * quell * inspire
Bard stats:
Strength : 75
Dexterity : 125
Intelligence : 125
Constitution : 75


text:
Blood from the mouth: what it depends on and how to act
When you have blood leaking from your mouth, it is very important to understand what it means and to know how to act. Here's what to know about it.
Blood from the mouth can occur for different reasons that should always be checked. For example, it can happen that you spit blood or find yourself with blood in your mouth in the morning. The good news is that although it is advisable to always seek advice from your doctor, the causes are often not serious. At the base there may in fact be problems with the airways or gastric problems. Let's find out, therefore, how important it is to know on the subject .
How to behave according to the various blood types
Although it may seem strange, the blood that comes out of the mouth is not always the same.
There is, for example, the blood that comes out of the mouth without coughing and what is emitted by coughing and which may also contain traces of phlegm .
Then there are pure blood, blood in saliva, and other types of blood that must always be analyzed by the doctor in order to understand the causes and understand if there are insights to be done or simple treatments that once implemented can quickly resolve the problem. problem of spitting blood from the mouth.
Blood in saliva: the causes and how to act
Going to the causes of spitting blood from the throat, these can be very different from each other and, as already mentioned, turn out to be really trivial.
In some cases, for example, you can find yourself with blood from the mouth at night due to small gum lesions. In others, common causes include colds, laryngitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia .
Obviously, there can also be more serious reasons and among these, especially when it comes to throat there are the possible presence of tuberculosis , pulmonary embolism, cystic fibrosis and other problems that it is very important to investigate in order to intervene in time.
When it happens to be with blood coming out of the mouth, (as it happens for the nosebleed ), it is therefore important to consult a doctor and not underestimate the problem. In this way you will avoid worries in case of simple reasons to solve and you will be able to intervene in time in case of more serious problems.
Riproduzione riservata © - WT
Batten disease: what it is, what are the causes and how to act
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The unmissable taste of Romagna buttermilk!
The latteruolo from Romagna is a typical Italian dessert, belonging to a long tradition and easy to make, thanks to...
Asparagus and bacon pasta, a mouth-watering first course! Recipe photos and videos
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text:
2011-04-22 22:23:10 GMT
Had a question regarding the MLD router behavior when MLD is enabled on an interface with reference to
Neighbor Discovery RFC 4861 attached below for reference:
******* RFC 4861 ************
|7.2.1. Interface Initialization|
When a multicast-capable interface becomes enabled, the node MUST
join the all-nodes multicast address on that interface, as well as
the solicited-node multicast address corresponding to each of the IP
addresses assigned to the interface.
The set of addresses assigned to an interface may change over time.
New addresses might be added and old addresses might be removed
[ADDRCONF]. In such cases the node MUST join and leave the
solicited-node multicast address corresponding to the new and old
addresses, respectively. Joining the solicited-node multicast
address is done using a Multicast Listener Discovery such as [MLD] or
[MLDv2] protocols. Note that multiple unicast addresses may map into
the same solicited-node multicast address; a node MUST NOT leave the
solicited-node multicast group until all assigned addresses
corresponding to that multicast address have been removed.
What are the MLD join packets that should be sent when the interface has version
MLDv1 and when the version is MLDv2. Is there some IETF document
that provides more details on this behavior. Have not found any clear description
in RFCs 3810 or 2710.
_______________________________________________ magma mailing list magma <at> ietf.org _URL_


Image Comics Database
Robert Berresford
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Character TemplateInformation-silk
Ripclaw; Robert Bearclaw
Real Name
Robert Berresford
Current Alias
Ripclaw; Robert Bearclaw
Marital Status
First appearance
Ripclaw is the name of a comic book character from Top Cow Productions. He is also a member of the Cyberforce.
Not much is known concerning Ripclaw's past. Many people believe that he is with the Apache tribe. Although it is true that he spent much of his youth with the Apache, it is also true that he spent just as much, if not more time, with the Cheyenne. He has also lived among the Navajo and the Lakota Sioux. He is in fact descended from a primitive woodland tribe that lived thousands of years ago in what is now the Northeastern United States. He left home after he began to develop his mutation, and injured a fellow student during a martial arts training session. Ripclaw questioned his father over his hands, and his father became evasive, and became enraged when Ripclaw pressed on with his questions, asking his father about why his skin was much paler than that of other students. He left home, seeking answers, and ended up on an American Indian reservation, where he stumbled into a fight and was knocked unconscious. He was found by a powerful shaman, who taught him about his ancestors.
They went through a ceremony where Ripclaw experienced a joining and conversing with the spirits of his ancestors and the spirits of the land, who told him that he was Robert Bearclaw, and not Robert Berresford, as his father had always told him. The spirits told him that he was to be their warrior and that he was to lead the Indian People back to the greatness of spirit that they once had. When he finished the ceremony, involving tribal flesh hooks and war paint, the shaman marked him with his blood, and this became the red markings over his skin, reminding him always of the pain and truth of the ceremony that he had been through. He was raised primarily by the shaman after that, who taught him how to use his special talents. This was explained early in the Cyberforce Vol 1 comic series, when Ripclaw's healing factor began to reject the cybernetic implants, and he was put under a heavy anaesthetic, and remembered his early teenage years.
Again, he has a murky past, but one thing that is known is that he spent a lot of time at Cyberdata as a S.H.O.C. He ended up at Cyberdata after he attacked the son of a local sherrif who had raped a young Indian girl. Ripclaw was shot, and ended up at the sherrif's jail, waiting to be delivered to the courts, only there was someone at the bar who witnessed Ripclaw's mutations, and contacted Cyberdata. They then removed his hands and replaced them with cybernetic replacements. Robert was also romantically linked with Misery before she betrayed his team and he joined Cyberforce.
Ripclaw is definitely the strong, silent type, the quintessential loner, not very sociable, no fun at parties, but definitely the guy to take if you are going on a hike through the woods. He's highly intelligent, introspective, very well-read, and eminently knowledgeable especially with regard to past and present Native-American cultures. He has a strong sense of right and wrong and embodies all the classic virtues of honor, sincerity, respect and compassion. The other members of Cyberforce often look up to him for moral guidance and emotional support.
Crossover Appearances
Outside of his own short lived on-going series and cyberforce, Ripclaw has been seen in a number of other comics. He was seen in The Darkness affianced to Jackie Estacado's former love interest. Another major appearance for him has been his reoccurring team-ups with WildC.A.T.S. member, Warblade, a superhero with very similar powers. He was also the main villain in the JLA/Cyberforce crossover between DC Comics' Justice League of America and the Cyberforce which was published in 2005.
It was later revealed that this was in fact not Ripclaw at all, but a clone concocted by the alien ship in which he was buried in Antarctica. This clone was created by the ship in an attempt to heal and resurrect Ripclaw but the ship was unable to heal him, creating instead a polar opposite of Ripclaw, who set out to destroy and kill everything that Ripclaw loved. The ship tried again to resurrect and heal his body, and succeded, thus enabling the original Ripclaw to return as a good character in Cyberforce Vol 2, issues 1 and 2.
Most recently, Ripclaw and Cyblade were featured in a crossover with Wolverine and Psylocke, an interesting teaming as the two X-Men are commonly acknowledged as the basis for the two Cyberforce cyborgs.
Powers and Abilities
 - Metamorphosis: Ripclaw is a cybernetically-enhanced Native-American metamorph who has the ability to assume certain animalistic attributes, most notably the teeth and claws of a bear. This physical transformation defies any kind of scientific analysis, but seems to involve some sort of manipulation of unstable molecules. One of the most amazing aspects of this unique ability has been the miraculous discovery that was made after the tragic loss of both hands. The bionic replacements Ripclaw received from Cyberdata became so much a part of him that they too could assume the appearance of claws just like his real hands had done. In issue #19 of the second series, Ripclaw exhibited the ability to manipulate his claws into normal human shape, and then back into claws, but this has rarely been replicated in later issues, so it is unclear whether this was artistic licence taken by the writer or if it is simply not addressed in subsequent issues.
 - Astral Projection: Ripclaw is also able to enter another plane of existence -- one that he interprets as being a world in which spirits dwell. It is not known how he is able to accomplish this, but it seems to involve some sort of heightened sensitivity which allows him to sense things just beyond the physical boundaries that define what we know as reality.
 - Psychometry: He can get psychic impressions from what he considers to be the spirits. This psychometric like ability allows him to gain impressions from things, such as an Aztec ceremonial axe that had been used as a murder weapon.
 - No special notes.
 - No trivia.
See Also
Discover and Discuss
Links and References
 - None.
[[Category:Marc Silvestri/Creator]]
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Bayesian modeling and the chronology of the Portuguese Gravettian
- Bicho, Nuno, Marreiros, João, Cascalheira, João, Pereira, Telmo, Haws, Jonathan
- Quaternary international 2015 v.359-360 pp. 499-509
- river valleys, social networks, Portugal
- The Gravettian in Portugal is known primarily from three main areas: the Côa valley, the central region between the Mondego and Tagus river valleys, and Algarve in the south. Each region seems to be represented by various cultural facies that likely correspond to different social networks with diverse technological, subsistence and settlement organization. Despite these differences, the Portuguese Gravettian appears to have had a similar emergence in each area, beginning at least in central and southern Portugal around 33 ka cal BP, and ending ca. 26.5 ka cal BP with the appearance of the Proto-Solutrean.The present study focuses on the various aspects mentioned above, presenting the more recent dates for Portugal and the boundaries for the beginning and end of the Gravettian phase based on Bayesian modeling. The results suggest that there is a possibility of a two thousand years overlap between the late Mousterian and the Early Gravettian in central and southern Portugal; that the Early Gravettian started with the onset of the Heinrich Event 3 and lasted c. 4000 years, followed by the Late Gravettian and gave place to the Proto-Solutrean around 26.5 ka cal BP, with the beginning of the Heinrich Event 2.


text:
Traditional Textile Craft - An Intangible Cultural Heritage?
The Jordan Museum, Amman, 24th -27th of March 2014
Textile craft and textile design have always had an important social, cultural and economic impact on both individuals and societies.
The cultural heritage of textiles does not end with preservation and collection of costumes and other textiles in museums.
It includes living traditions inherited from our ancestors and passed on to our descendants, knowledge and skills to produce traditional crafts, and the language and terminologies used to describe both the activities and the material outcomes.


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TOPIC: Merging documents
Merging documents 4 years 8 months ago #235
I've only found a way to merge the points from a single technique with their corresponding images with "Import Technique". This will leave me with two image mappings of the same image, the one I already had, and the newly imported ones with its points from the selected technique. The problem is that I can't merge the newly imported image with all its points with the image I already had in my document.
How can I do this? (merge the data points from two different images)
And is it possible to merge the full XML file with another one? not just technique by technique.
Thank you very much for the program
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Merging documents 4 years 7 months ago #238
Dear Alejandro,
If you want to import data from the same image the image has to have the same name in the two projects the "father" one and the one you are importing. This way the software recognize that the points belong to an already existing image.
If you import the points from an image that does not exist in the "father" project the software will create the image object and the link to the points. However you will have to remember to copy the image into the "father" project. Otherwise MOVIDA will search for it and it will not find it and you will get an Image that says something like "no Image found" with all the points. If you then copy the image to the correct path and reopen the project MOVIDA should find it without problems.
If it doesn't work for you, you can send me the zipped files of your project folders and I will try to see what is wrong.
Best Regards,
Dr. Anna Amat
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Dolly Sods Wilderness Description
Dolly Sods Wilderness is part of the Monongahela National Forest system. Much of the land in the higher elevations consists of eco-systems that are more commonly seen much further north in Canada.
The 17,000 acre wilderness has 47 miles of hiking trails, many of which follow old logging roads and railroad grades. The area is very popular with hikers, backpackers, cross-country skiiers, and campers.
Note: During World War II, the military used this wilderness area as a training ground. Many of the mortar and artillery shells used still exist, some of which could still be live.
The trails and campsites were surveyed in 1997, at which time 15 shells were discovered, some of which were live.
These were exploded on site. Please do not wander off of the designated trails as there could be live ordnances.
Note: For a printed map of the trails in the Canaan Valley, we highly recommend the 'Explorer Trail Map' by Voila Interactive Concepts.
This map was meticulously compiled by a local resident and is an excellent guide of the vast trail network in the Canaan Valley. You can find
it at local outdoor shops such as Blackwater Bikes in Davis and at the Timberline Resort store.


How the Summer Temperature Affects Golf Ball Distance
Red Sky
Performance on the golf course varies depending on the outside air temperature and the storage condition of your golf balls. As the summer weather heats up, your golf balls and the distance they travel will be affected by the rising temperatures. There are a couple of things you should take into account before teeing up.
Outdoor Temperature
Air temperature affects the distance a golf ball will travel. When the air temperature increases in the summer, air density decreases. Less dense atmospheric conditions mean a golf ball will travel further in space. And if you think humidity will slow down ball speed then think again. Hot, humid Southern air decreases air density even more so you'll produce even longer shots.
Golf Ball Temperature
As the outside air temperature increases, the density of the golf ball will decrease. A less dense golf ball will expand in high heat and fly further down range. You might think that a hotter golf ball will produce better results. However, if a golf ball gets too hot then it won't perform as expected when it returns to room temperature. We don't recommend leaving your golf balls in the trunk of your car on a hot summer day.
Golf Ball Selection
Changing to a higher compression golf ball can help you in the hottest weather conditions. A high compression golf ball will decrease your distance so you're not hitting them out of the park. We recommend buying high compression golf balls if you're playing somewhere like Phoenix or South Florida in the middle of July. It has to be sweltering outside for this to really make a difference.
Body Temperature
You should also be mindful of body temperature when you're out playing out on the course. Hot weather will make you sweaty and uncomfortable and this can affect your swing. You need to wear a moisture-wicking polo shirt and a breathable pair of shorts to stay cool. 100% polyester fabric should do the trick.
Equipment Temperature
Whether it's hot or cold, your equipment is likely to remain unaffected. The only exception might be your grip. If it's hot outside then your palms will get sweaty and this excess moisture can make your hands slippery. We recommend investing in a good pair of absorbent golf gloves. Golf gloves will also give you a better grip on the club, which results in better shots.
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Saturday, 19 December 2020
Why Bald Men Are Great In Bed
 In many cases, bald men have been found most attractive to a significant number of women. But reasons behind this attractiveness are usually shrouded with myths.
One myth we want to debunk is how about the connection between baldness, sexual virility and testosterone.
There seems to be something special about bald men, especially in the bedroom, women testify.
But how is that so?
Many publications have claimed that bald men are better in bed as compared to men who are not.
By bald, we mean men who are naturally losing hair.
Widespread media claims have amplified that this theory is not just a myth, but a valid scientific claim that is backed with some evidence.
BBC studies that looked into these claims explain that testosterone, a sex hormone found in both male and female is responsible for this whole claim.
Firstly, it should be noted that testosterone is not responsible for baldness.
This hormone is responsible for maintaining all men characteristics that are associated with masculinity, including higher sex drive.
Higher levels of testosterone simply mean a higher libido.
Now the link between testosterone and baldness comes from the conversion of testosterone by natural human enzymes to another hormone called dihydrotestosterone.
This is the hormone that causes baldness, scientists claim. This form of testosterone reduced hair follicle on a man's head over time resulting in complete baldness.
Higher levels of testosterone usually give more chances of the hormone to be converted to loads of dihydrotestosterone, some studies claim.
In essence, higher levels of testosterone in men increases their urge for sex. The same testosterone, if converted, results in dihydrotestosterone which causes men to be bald.
That is why most bald men are great in bed.
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text:
WEB Experimental Approach for Phase Diagram determination of Li alloysFriday (28.02.2020) 16:37 - 16:37 Poster Room Part of:
The use of metallic anode materials in Li-ion batteries is beneficial due to the higher energy density compared to conventional carbonaceous negative electrodes. The knowledge of accurate phase diagrams and their thermodynamic properties combined in the so-called CALPHAD approach could accelerate the development of future materials.
However, determining experimental data of metallic anode materials is challenging. Metallic Lithium is air and moisture sensitive already at ambient temperatures. At evaluated temperatures, side reactions with the crucible and evaporation of the high reactive Li occur.
Using the example of the ternary Ga-Li-Sn system, the choice of an appropriate crucible material and crucible design will be presented. Experimental methods, such as thermal analysis experiments for phase transition temperatures or structure analysis experiments, require careful prearrangements. Crucible design and experimental details were adapted to the high reactive alloys.
Results from thermal analysis and crystal structure analysis are then used for phase diagram determination and optimization.


text:
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Название: Discrete Mathematics for New Technology
Авторы: Garnier R., Taylor J.
Updated and expanded, Discrete Mathematics for New Technology, Second Edition provides a sympathetic and accessible introduction to discrete mathematics, including the core mathematics requirements for undergraduate computer science students. The approach is comprehensive yet maintains an easy-to-follow progression from the basic mathematical ideas to the more sophisticated concepts examined in the latter stages of the book. Although the theory is presented rigorously, it is illustrated by the frequent use of pertinent examples and is further reinforced with exercises-some with hints and solutions-to enable the reader to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the subject at hand. New to the Second EditionNumerous new examples and exercises designed to illustrate and reinforce mathematical concepts and facilitate students' progression through the topicsNew sections on typed set theory and an introduction to formal specificationPresenting material that is at the foundations of mathematics itself, Discrete Mathematics for New Technology is a readable, friendly textbook designed for non-mathematicians as well as for computing and mathematics undergraduates alike.


text: Bloat occurs when the fermentation gases produced in the rumen can not be evacuated and cause an overdistention of the rumen. There are two forms of bloat. The frothy bloat (called primary bloat) is due to a persistent foam mixed with the ruminal contents. The free-gas bloat (called secondary bloat) is due to free gas separated from the ingesta that cannot go out of the rumen because of mechanical obstruction. Bloat mainly occurs in cattle but may also be seen in sheep. There are individual (genetically determined) susceptibilities to bloat (Kahn, 2005).


text:
Are you a fan of the iconic VW Golf? Curious about its weight and how it contributes to its performance on the road? Well, look no further! In this blog post, we're going to delve into the world of automotive engineering and explore just how much a VW Golf weighs.
Buckle up and join us on this fascinating journey as we uncover the secrets behind one of Europe's most beloved compact cars!
The Evolution of the VW Golf's Weight
The Volkswagen Golf, commonly known as the VW Golf, has been a popular choice among car enthusiasts for over four decades. It is one of the most iconic and best-selling models by the German automaker Volkswagen.
With each new generation, the VW Golf has undergone significant changes in terms of design, technology, and performance. But one aspect that often goes unnoticed is its weight.
When it was first introduced in 1974, the VW Golf weighed around 1,800 pounds (816 kg). This was considered lightweight at the time compared to other cars in its class. However, with advances in technology and safety features over the years, the weight of the VW Golf has gradually increased with each new model.
In 1983, with its second generation release, the weight of the VW Golf jumped up to around 2,000 pounds (907 kg). This increase can be attributed to the addition of new features such as power steering and air conditioning. These added amenities improved driving comfort but also added extra weight to the vehicle.
As we moved into the third-generation models in 1991, there was another significant jump in weight. The base model now weighed around 2,500 pounds (1134 kg), almost a thousand-pound difference from its initial release just two decades prior. This increase can be attributed to advancements in safety features such as airbags and reinforced frames.
Factors Affecting Weight
Various factors determine the weight of a car and can vary significantly depending on the make and model. In this section, we will explore the different elements that contribute to the weight of a car, specifically focusing on the Volkswagen Golf.
- Size: One of the most significant factors affecting a car's weight is its size. Generally, larger cars tend to be heavier due to their increased dimensions and the need for more materials in construction. The VW Golf falls into the compact car category and is known for its smaller size compared to other models in its class. This compact design helps keep its weight relatively low.
- Materials Used: The materials used in a car's construction play a crucial role in determining its weight. Typically, heavier materials such as steel or iron are used in older models, while newer models tend to use lighter materials such as aluminum or carbon fiber to reduce weight without compromising strength and durability. The VW Golf uses high-quality lightweight materials in its construction, resulting in a lower overall weight.
- Engine Type: Another important factor that contributes to a car's weight is its engine type. Cars with larger engines tend to weigh more than those with smaller engines due to the added components needed for increased power output. The VW Golf comes equipped with various engine options ranging from small turbocharged three-cylinder engines to larger four-cylinder machines, all designed for fuel efficiency and performance without adding excessive weight.
Comparison to Other Cars in Its Class
The VW Golf has been a popular choice among car buyers for many years due to its reliability, practicality, and overall performance. One important factor that potential buyers often consider when purchasing a new car is its weight. In this section, we will compare the importance of the VW Golf to other popular vehicles in its class, such as the Honda Civic.
To start, let's take a look at the weight of the base model of each car. The VW Golf has a curb weight (the total weight of the vehicle without any passengers or cargo) of 2,943 pounds. On the other hand, the Honda Civic weighs slightly less, with a curb weight of 2,762 pounds. This means that the Honda Civic is about 181 pounds lighter than the VW Golf.
Moving on to their dimensions, both cars have similar lengths and widths. The VW Golf measures at 167.6 inches in length and 70.8 inches in width, while the Honda Civic comes in at 182.7 inches in length and 70.9 inches in width. However, it is worth noting that these measurements may vary depending on the specific model and trim level.
When it comes to engine options, both cars offer multiple choices for their customers. The base model of both vehicles comes equipped with a four-cylinder engine; however, there are also more powerful engine options available for those looking for an extra boost in performance.


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A typical U.S. family spends about $1,900 a year on home utility bills, and a large part of that energy is wasted. Beyond your pocketbook to the environment, electricity generated by fossil fuels for a single home puts more carbon dioxide into the air than two average cars.
Yes, there are 29 Miele canister and upright vacuum cleaner models, and each has clear differences from the others. But there are only five basic vacuum cleaners used to build them. There are four basic canisters, the S2, the S5, the S6 and the S8, and one basic upright, the S7.
Different sets of features or accessories, unique to each model within the basic type, are used to create the vacuums that make up the series. Keep this in mind and it's much easier to choose the best Miele vacuum for your home or office. Continue reading
The Vatican Museums will construct a special vacuum cleaner and ventilation system to tidy up visitors before they can see the Sistine Chapel. Each visitor will be "dusted, cleaned and chilled" before they can enter.
As reported by The Guardian, the system, to be operational by the end of the year, is intended to help preserve the 500-year-old Michelangelo frescoes that are the Chapel's primary attraction. Continue reading


Structure scanning plot
In CLC Genomics Workbench it is possible to scan larger sequences for the existence of local conserved RNA structures. The structure scanning approach is similar in spirit to the works of [Workman and Krogh, 1999] and [Clote et al., 2005]. The idea is that if natural selection is operating to maintain a stable local structure in a given region, then the minimum free energy of the region will be markedly lower than the minimum free energy found when the nucleotides of the subsequence are distributed in random order.
The algorithm works by sliding a window along the sequence. Within the window, the minimum free energy of the subsequence is calculated. To evaluate the significance of the local structure signal its minimum free energy is compared to a background distribution of minimum free energies obtained from shuffled sequences, using $ Z$-scores [Rivas and Eddy, 2000]. The $ Z$-score statistics corresponds to the number of standard deviations by which the minimum free energy of the original sequence deviates from the average energy of the shuffled sequences. For a given $ Z$-score, the statistical significance is evaluated as the probability of observing a more extreme $ Z$-score under the assumption that $ Z$-scores are normally distributed [Rivas and Eddy, 2000].


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Effective monitoring of the current situation and change of vegetation contamination has become an application of the space remote sensing technology. The long-term exploitation of mines at Baiyin city, which is located in the typical vegetation-cover area, has led to the natural ecological environment of Baiyin very fragile. The object of present study is to investigate the vegetation contamination caused by exploit mineral resources using remote sensing technique, and confirmed that the feasibility of using remote sensing technology to monitor the vegetation contamination surrounding the mineral resources. The extraction of vegetation growth status in minerals areas is carried out by using multispectral remote sensing data (or images), we use the methods of density slice based on vegetation-greenness of rotating planar scanner plots in this study. In the end of the study, we provides some countermeasures and advises in the face of existing environment problems, in the hope of offer the available technology procedure and work ideas to other areas which are fit for remote sensing.


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Family that rose to international prominence in the 19th–20th centuries. The first Battenbergs were a family of German counts that died out c. 1314; the title was revived in 1851. In 1917 the family members who lived in England renounced the German title of prince of Battenberg and adopted Mountbatten as a surname (mount being a translation of Berg). Prominent members of the family included Philip, duke of Edinburgh, and Louis Mountbatten.
Variants of BATTENBERG FAMILY
Battenberg family or Mountbatten family
This entry comes from Encyclopædia Britannica Concise. For the full entry on Battenberg family, visit Britannica.com.
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Injuries are part of every human being's life and every now and then you someone somewhere suffers injuries, some of them can be fatal while others can lead to different complications. When someone gets injured the nearby people always try to rush towards help and safe and/or the affected person, this is called giving 'first aid'. Now, there are some myths about giving first aids which can prove fatal while others only do some harm but it is always better to know then suffer later. In this article you'll know about three myths related to first aid.
1. Applying butter on Burns
Although the origin of the myth cannot be found, but applying cold butter on burns seem a good idea to get out of the initial stage of pain. However, since butter involves oil and after sometime it will warm-up which results in trapping the heat of the burn in the tissue causing more complications. Moreover, the affected area will burn for longer time because the heat won't be able to escape. If the injury or burn is severe, then doctor will have to remove the butter (obviously) and removing oil isn't an easy task. Scrubbing and some other chemicals such as storn soap might be used. Both of them will only increase the suffering and then add the burned area's pain, not a good idea after all. Therefore it's better to leave the butter in the kitchen or your refrigerator.
2. Sucking on Snake Bite to remove the Venom
Watching those movies and TV shows has really amplified this myth and many people really believe that sucking on a snake's bite will remove the venom and the victim will not suffer anymore. As realistic as it might sound, that's not true!The venom travels really fast when it enters the bloodstream and you hardly have just few seconds to remove it from the place of bite, so it doesn't sit there so you can extract it back. Some people use syringes for such purposes, though it's safe it still doesn't work and sucking is even worse because if the venom is going in your mouth then it will harm you and snake would get 'bite one get 2 affected' deal. It's time not play a hero, so you better call the paramedics right away!
3. Alcohol for Cold Victim
It has become more like a norm for people to think that drinking alcohol during cold can ease their suffering and get them rid of the cold. It would have been great if it was true but that's not the case. Alcohol keeps you warm and cozy but in actual it can lead to hypothermia in winters. You seriously don't want hypothermia over cold, so it is advised to stay away from alcohol unless get better and also don't suggest alcohol to any other cold victim.
These are top 3 myths about giving first aid in the above mentioned situations and it is hoped that you won't try these methods.


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The CompareRun method is used to initiate the comparison operation. The comparison method used is set using the "bydate", "bysize", "bycrc", "bymd5", or "bysha1" keywords.
Exhibit 8.3. IDL Definition of method for initiating compare operation
HRESULT CompareRun ([in] BSTR b_comparerule);
Exhibit 8.4. Example usage of method for initiating compare operation (VBScript)


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Highly stretchable and oxidation-resistive Cu nanowire heater for replication of the feeling of heat in a virtual world†
A thermal haptic device (THD) is used to implement temperature information in many virtual environments. The THD enables a user to feel the temperature as well as the thermal conductivity. Moreover, as temperature influences human emotion and preference, the THD enriches senses and experiences in a virtual environment. In this paper, we propose laser-assisted dual-function copper nanowire (CuNW) polyurethane acrylate (PUA) patterns for use as feedback controllable stretchable heaters as a 12-pixels THD, with highly enhanced mechanical and chemical durability. The CuNW–PUA pattern retains the stretchability from its serpentine mesh form, and the CuNW embedded in the PUA structure provides mechanical and chemical stability, facilitating a stable resistance. The CuNW–PUA pattern serves as a simultaneous heater and thermometer with accurate temperature control. Furthermore, the CuNW–PUA pattern is fabricated using a simple, fast, and elaborate laser process under ambient conditions. Finally, the CuNW–PUA pattern was used to realize heat transfer in various virtual environments in the form of 12-pixels on a nylon glove, showing potential for stretchable applications in next generation devices.


InsuranceLast week, the Eighth Circuit upheld a lower court's ruling in State Bank of Bellingham v. BancInsure Inc., finding that a bank employee's negligence in securing its computer network did not preclude coverage for a data breach resulting in a fraudulent funds transfer. The decision affirms the lower court's ruling granting summary judgment in favor of the Bank of Bellingham, holding that the loss was covered even if employee negligence contributed to the loss.
The Underlying Breach: The underlying coverage action between BancInsure and the Bank stemmed from an October 2011 incident in which a hacker gained access to the bank's network with a "Zeus Trojan horse" virus and fraudulently transferred funds to accounts in Poland, resulting in a $485,000 loss. The hacker was able to gain access because a bank employee inadvertently failed to remove two physical security tokens (which bank employees were required to insert into a computer in order to perform wire transfers via a specialized VPN device provided by the Federal Reserve) after performing a legitimate wire transfer.
Court Ruling: The Eight Circuit agreed with the trial court that an exclusion in the Bank's financial institution bond for employee-caused losses did not apply based on Minnesota's concurrent-causation doctrine, which states that when a loss results from multiple risks, some covered and some not covered, the loss is covered unless the excluded risk is the "overriding cause" of the loss. The Eighth Circuit concluded that the overriding cause of the loss was the hacker's criminal conduct rather than employee negligence, even though the employee's negligence "played an essential role" in the loss and created a risk of intrusion into the bank's computer system. The court reasoned that an illegal wire transfer was not a "foreseeable and natural consequence" of the failure to follow proper computer security policies, procedures, and protocols.
The court also rejected BancInsure's argument that the bond's exclusions for loss due to the theft of confidential information or mechanical failure of a computer avoided application of the concurrent-causation doctrine, finding that the exclusions' reference to "indirect" losses was not the type of "clear and specific" language needed to prevent the doctrine's application.
The Takeaway: The Eighth Circuit's ruling is a significant victory for policyholders. Fidelity bonds and commercial crime policies commonly exclude "indirect loss." Insurance carriers frequently argue in disputes regarding such bonds or policies that the negligent actions of the policyholder's employees converts an otherwise covered loss caused by a third party's criminal acts into an "indirect," uncovered loss. The Eighth Circuit's holding provides policyholders helpful authority to argue that employee negligence does not bar coverage or render an otherwise covered loss uncovered.
Although the decision is favorable to policyholders, there are a number of important caveats. For instance, insurance policy language can vary substantially between carriers, and many commercial crime policies contains specific exclusions for data security breaches. Additionally, the Eighth Circuit recognized that courts will enforce "anti-concurrent causation" provisions where the language is clear and specific.


Audigier: L'éducation civique dans l'école française (Citizenship Education in French School)
François Audigier
Abstract: Since ten or fifteen years ago, civic education is coming back to the foreground of the news. It is now an obligatory school subject in primary and lower secondary school, the college, namely nine years of a schooling which it is as a rule the same for all pupils. The author introduces programmes from primary school and from the college. However, between official programmes and what is effectively taught, differences are often very large. What some primary school's teachers say about what they teach and about college's pupils provides another point of view on civic education. A short evocation of the history of civic education in French school puts in prospect actual choices and specific problems of this school subject, in particularly its difficult stabilisation. The article closes with the presentation of some tensions and contradictions which are necessary to take into account to think and to implement civic education.
Keywords: -
DOI: 10.2390/jsse-v1-i2-456


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armed as a cell factory for cell therapy, Royan Biotech for production of recombinant proteins, and Royan Stem Cell Technology for banking of cord blood stem cells.
Furthermore, he has had several efforts in publicizing the stem cell biology in Iran and in this regard he with his team established a lab entitled "Stem Cells for all" and a "mobile advanture lab" by an equipted bus. The aim of these participatory teaching and learning methods is to motivate and empower learners to acquire the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values necessary to shape a sustainable future for stem cells and their potentials in regenerative medicine. He has also established "annual international summer school" program since 2010. The participants were trained by invited speakers from abroad to incease international and national interactions and training methods in this field.
His hobbies are Karate (with Black belt grade, Dan 1), Mountaineering and study of historical stories.


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But how did the snapdragon cousins create accented patterns that appeared to be equally effective in the same environment?
To find out how color differences in these snapdragons arose, scientists compared the genomes of the subspecies in a study published Thursday in Science.
They found that the magenta-yellow plants and their yellow-magenta mirrors shared most of the plant's 30,000-some genes — but not a handful related to color. Those genes behaved like artists painting billboards with different techniques and palettes.
And nature appeared to respond to the colorful expressions of these genes. Bees favored a couple of patterns and neglected plants with other color schemes, the researchers believe, selecting for certain genetic combinations.
The key difference between the two most prevalent subspecies lie in how the snapdragon developed a yellow accent on a magenta flower.
To do this, it used something genetic researchers call small RNA — small because, in a structure shaped like a hairpin, it only holds a little bit of information that regulates a gene's ability to express itself. (Generally speaking, RNA may hold a couple thousand units, whereas small RNA might hold no more than two dozen).
These proteins act something like a stencil, ensuring that the flower sprays yellow onto only a small portion of the lower lip. Without that genetic stencil, yellow would go everywhere.
The snapdragon with the opposite color scheme used something else for its magenta accent, just as many other plants and animals do for their color variations, said Enrico Coen, a biologist at the John Innes Centre in Britain who led the study.
Dr. Coen and his colleagues were surprised that one subspecies had this small RNA stencil and the other one didn't. They'd seen small RNA turn off genes in plenty of other organisms, but in this case, "it was being used in nature to create differences that you could see," he said.
Genetics are intricate, but the lesson here is simple. Whether creating a magenta arrow for a yellow flower, or vice versa — these subspecies both do the job well.
"Rather than always thinking what's the best, what's the best — maybe there are cases in which there are two equally good solutions," said Dr. Coen.
After all, if there were only one way to live, there'd only be one organism out there.


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Since the introduction of our gaming services in 2018, we've been proud to launch innovative new game experiences with developers like you. While we remain dedicated to supporting the developer community, we've made the difficult decision to wind down the service due to limited adoption.
As of October 18, 2021, we will no longer enable new customers for Google Maps Platform gaming services. Current users will have continued access until December 31, 2022. During this time, we will continue to provide support and fixes for major bugs and outages.
This guide provides an overview of how the various gaming services APIs were implemented, so that you can leverage the key concepts to create your own solutions. The Transition Guide includes the following pages:
- Playable Locations API design overview provides an overview of the concepts behind the Playable Locations API, which you can use to generate your own set of playable locations using an alternate data source.
- Developing your own back-end for the Unity SDK shows how to use Maps SDK for Unity with the Semantic Tile API example server.
- Semantic tile proto and example server
shows how to use the protocol buffer interface in
semantictileapi.proto, so you can implement your own backend, using an alternate source for mapping data without having to rewrite your entire game.


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Manors Car Park's distinctive form derives from the constraints of the train line to east which collided with the new Central East Motorway A167 M which dips beneath, shaping the car park between these constraints. The curvature of the concrete decks sweeps uniformally across the site, interrupted only by the circulation ramp. The car park was the first multi-story car park in Newcastle and marked the beginnings of Wilfred Burns car-centric plans for the modernisation of the city through the Central East Motorway Plan – 1963.
Burns plan aimed to increase the economic growth of the city through greater convenience for an emerging car owning populace and even went as far as to incentivised cars travel by offering limited free parking in the city centre.
Manors car park connected and accompanied by an equally dramatic and elongated pedestrian footbridge from Manors Train Station – today Manors Metro, touching the car park for access before swooping under Swan House on Pilgrim Street Roundabout. The bridge takes what feels like the longest imaginable route over the motorway, allowing pedestrians to bypass Northumberland high street and take in the theatrics of the swooping concrete forms and motorway traffic.
In the early 1960s, under the leadership of T Dan Smith and his chief planning officer Wilf Burns, Newcastle city council undertook a comprehensive re-planning of the city centre that, had it been carried out to its full extent, would have led to the construction of underground motorways and a series of raised pedestrian decks running along Northumberland Street in the main shopping zone. The plan was that the new city would encircle the historical core, which would be preserved; meanwhile vast swathes of Georgian housing to the east would be razed. There were also plans for high-rise towers in the centre, only one of which was built.
This tendency in town planning was due in part to the publication of H. Alker Tripp's book of 1942.
Along with Traffic in Towns an influential report and popular book on urban and transport planning policy published 25 November 1963 for the UK Ministry of Transport by a team headed by the architect, civil engineer and planner Colin Buchanan. The report warned of the potential damage caused by the motor car, while offering ways to mitigate it. It gave planners a set of policy blueprints to deal with its effects on the urban environment, including traffic containment and segregation, which could be balanced against urban redevelopment, new corridor and distribution roads and precincts.
These policies shaped the development of the urban landscape in the UK and some other countries for two or three decades. Unusually for a technical policy report, it was so much in demand that Penguin abridged it and republished it as a book in 1964.
In a one man war against the segregation of traffic and pedestrian I often walk car parks, ramps and all.
It's addictive passing the no access signs, onwards into the abyss.
He hated all this, and somehow he couldn't get away.
Joseph Conrad – Heart of Darkness
Asda Stores Ltd is a British supermarket chain. It is headquartered in Leeds. The company was founded in 1949 when the Asquith family merged their retail business with the Associated Dairies company of Yorkshire.
It was listed on the London Stock Exchange until 1999 when it was acquired by Walmart for £6.7 billion.
In February 2021, EG Group – led by the Issa brothers and TDR Capital, acquired Asda.
The company was fined £850,000 in 2006 for offering 340 staff at a Dartford depot a pay rise in return for giving up a union collective bargaining agreement. Poor relations continued as Asda management attempted to introduce new rights and working practices shortly thereafter at another centre in Washington, Tyne and Wear.
One of the great glories of cinema is that it has the power to take the mundane and make it magical. To most of us, car parks signify a world of pain, where fearsome red-and-white crash barriers dictate our fate and where finding a space is often like finding meaning in the collective works of Martin Lawrence. To others, they meant lost Saturday afternoons spent waiting for your mum to finally come out of Woolworths so you could rush home to catch Terrahawks.
Either way, car parks are grey and dull. In the movies, however, they are fantastic places, filled with high-level espionage, and high-octane chases.
I beg to differ, the cinema and TV has helped to define our perception and misconception of the car park.
The modern day pedestrian may reclaim, redefine and realise, that far from mundane each actual exemplar is different, in so many ways. The time of day, weather, light, usage, abusage, condition, personal demeanour and mood all shape our experience of this particular, modern urban space.
To walk the wide open spaces of the upper tier, almost touching the sky.
Is a far cry from the constrained space of the lower levels.
To walk the ramps with a degree of trepidation, visceral and fun.
This is an inversion of the car-centric culture, walking the concrete kingdom with a carbon-free footprint.
I was inspired by a recent viewing of All The Presidents Men to revisit my local multi-storey on Heaton Lane Stockport.
Cinematographer Gordon Hugh Willis Jr constructs a shadow world where informer and informed meet to exchange deep secrets, ever watchful, moving in and out of artificial light, tense and alert.
Look over your shoulder- there's nobody there, and they're watching you.
But they have been here.
Pay here, your time is time limited, your presence measured.
Let's explore this demimonde together, wet underfoot, lit laterally by limited daylight, walking through the interspersed pools of glacial artificial glow.
Time's up, check out and move on – tomorrow is another day, another car park; in a different town.
Cinema and car parks wedded forever in the collective popular cultural unconscious.
As I was out walking on the corner one day, I spied an old bollard in the alley he lay.
To paraphrase popular protest troubadour Bob Dylan.
I was struck by the elegant symmetry and rough patinated grey aggregate.
To look up on the world from a hole in the ground, To wait for your future like a horse that's gone lame, To lie in the gutter and die with no name?
I mused briefly on the very word bollards, suitable perhaps for a provincial wine bar, Regency period drama, or family run drapers – but mostly.
A bollard is a sturdy, short, vertical post. The term originally referred to a post on a ship or quay used principally for mooring boats, but is now also used to refer to posts installed to control road traffic and posts designed to prevent ram-raiding and vehicle-ramming attacks.
The term is probably related to bole, meaning a tree trunk.
Having so mused I began to wander a tight little island of alleys and homes, discovering three of the little fellas, each linked by typology and common ancestry, steadfastly impeding the ingress of the motor car.
Yet also presenting themselves as mini works of utilitarian art – if that's not a contradiction in terms.
Having returned home I began another short journey into the world of bollards, where do they come from?
PAS 68 approved protection for your people and property combining security, natural materials and style.
My new pals seem to be closely related to the Reigate.
Available in a mind boggling range of finishes.
Bollards can be our friends, an expression of personal freedom and security.
A pensioner says he will go to court if necessary after putting up concrete bollards in a last-ditch attempt to protect his home.
Owen Allan, 74, of Beaufort Gardens, Braintree, claims motorists treat the housing estate like a race track, driving well in excess of the 20mph speed limit, and that the railings in front of his home have regularly been damaged by vehicles leaving the road.
He was worried it would only be a matter of time before a car came careering off Marlborough Road and flying through the wall of his bungalow.
I have cause to thank the humble concrete bollard, having suffered an assault on our front wall from a passing pantechnicon, I subsequently petitioned the council, requiring them to erect a substantial bollard barrier.
Which was subsequently hit by a passing pantechnicon.
They are our modernist friends, little gems of public art and should treated with due respect – think on.
Milton Keynes synonymous with something or other, the town where everything is an off centre out of town centre, where anything was new once.
A broad grid of boulevards, sunken super-highways and an extended series of balletic roundabouts swirls the cars around.
Beneath this merry carbon hungry dance, we find the cyclist and pedestrian, the self propelled underclass passing through the underpass.
During my eight hour non-stop walking tour I encountered several – here they are, home to the homeless – others somewhat desolate and deserted, grass between the paving stones, the occasional casual tag and discarded can.