: null
This option accepts a value of one of the following types:
 - Number
 The height in pixels.
 - String
 A CSS-accepted measurement of height. For example, "55px", "80%", "inherit".
 - Function
 A function returning either of the above. For example:
 JavaScript
 height: function() {
 return window.innerHeight / 1.5;
 }
minWidth
Specifies the minimum width the widget can reach while resizing.
Type:
Number
|
String
|
Function
Return Value:
Number
|
String
The minimum width.
Default Value: null
This option accepts a value of one of the following types:
 - Number
 The width in pixels.
 - String
 A CSS-accepted measurement of width. For example, "55px", "80%", "auto", "inherit".
 - Function
 A function returning either of the above. For example:
 JavaScript
 width: function() {
 return window.innerWidth / 1.5;
 }
onContentReady
A function that is executed when the widget's content is ready and each time the content is changed.
Type:
Function
Function parameters:
e:
Object
Information about the event.
Object structure:
Name Type Description
component
Popup
The widget's instance.
element
Element (jQuery or HTML)
The widget's container. It is an HTML Element or a jQuery Element when you use jQuery.
model
Object
Model data. Available only when using Knockout.
Default Value: null
onDisposing
A function that is executed before the widget is disposed of.
Type:
Function
Function parameters:
e:
Object
Information about the event.
Object structure:
Name Type Description
component
Popup
The widget's instance.
element
Element (jQuery or HTML)
The widget's container. It is an HTML Element or a jQuery Element when you use jQuery.
model
Object
Model data. Available only if you use Knockout.
Default Value: null
onHidden
A function that is executed after the widget is hidden.
Type:
Function
Function parameters:
e:
Object
Information about the event.
Object structure:
Name Type Description
component
Popup
The widget's instance.
element
Element (jQuery or HTML)
The widget's container. It is an HTML Element or a jQuery Element when you use jQuery.
model
Object
Model data. Available only if Knockout is used.
Default Value: null
onHiding
A function that is executed before the widget is hidden.
Type:
Function
Function parameters:
e:
Object
Information about the event.
Object structure:
Name Type Description
cancel
Boolean
Allows you to cancel overlay hiding.
component
Popup
The widget's instance.
element
Element (jQuery or HTML)
The widget's container. It is an HTML Element or a jQuery Element when you use jQuery.
model
Object
Model data. Available only if Knockout is used.
Default Value: null
onInitialized
A function used in JavaScript frameworks to save the widget instance.
Type:
Function
Function parameters:
e:
Object
Information about the event.
Object structure:
Name Type Description
component
Popup
The widget's instance.
element
Element (jQuery or HTML)
The widget's container. It is an HTML Element or a jQuery Element when you use jQuery.
Default Value: null
See Also
onOptionChanged
A function that is executed after a widget option is changed.
Type:
Function
Function parameters:
e:
Object
Information about the event.
Object structure:
Name Type Description
component
Popup
The widget's instance.
fullName
String
The path to the modified option that includes all parent options.
name
String
The modified option if it belongs to the first level. Otherwise, the first-level option it is nested into.
value any
The modified option's new value.
element
Element (jQuery or HTML)
The widget's container. It is an HTML Element or a jQuery Element when you use jQuery.
model
Object
Model data. Available only if you use Knockout.
Default Value: null
onResize
A function that is executed each time the widget is resized by one pixel.
Type:
Function
Function parameters:
e:
Object
Information about the event.
Object structure:
Name Type Description
component
Popup
The widget's instance.
element
Element (jQuery or HTML)
The widget's container. It is an HTML Element or a jQuery Element when you use jQuery.
model
Object
Model data. Available only if Knockout is used.
Default Value: null
onResizeEnd
A function that is executed when resizing ends.
Type:
Function
Function parameters:
e:
Object
Information about the event.
Object structure:
Name Type Description
component
Popup
The widget's instance.
element
Element (jQuery or HTML)
The widget's container. It is an HTML Element or a jQuery Element when you use jQuery.
model
Object
Model data. Available only if Knockout is used.
Default Value: null
onResizeStart
A function that is executed when resizing starts.
Type:
Function
Function parameters:
e:
Object
Information about the event.
Object structure:
Name Type Description
component
Popup
The widget's instance.
element
Element (jQuery or HTML)
The widget's container. It is an HTML Element or a jQuery Element when you use jQuery.
model
Object
Model data. Available only if Knockout is used.
Default Value: null
onShowing
A function that is executed before the widget is displayed.
Type:
Function
Function parameters:
e:
Object
Information about the event.
Object structure:
Name Type Description
component
Popup
The widget's instance.
element
Element (jQuery or HTML)
The widget's container. It is an HTML Element or a jQuery Element when you use jQuery.
model
Object
Model data. Available only if Knockout is used.
Default Value: null
onShown
A function that is executed after the widget is displayed.
Type:
Function
Function parameters:
e:
Object
Information about the event.
Object structure:
Name Type Description
component
Popup
The widget's instance.
element
Element (jQuery or HTML)
The widget's container. It is an HTML Element or a jQuery Element when you use jQuery.
model
Object
Model data. Available only if Knockout is used.
Default Value: null
onTitleRendered
A function that is executed when the widget's title is rendered.
Type:
Function
Function parameters:
e:
Object
Information about the event.
Object structure:
Name Type Description
component
Popup
The widget's instance.
element
Element (jQuery or HTML)
The widget's container. It is an HTML Element or a jQuery Element when you use jQuery.
model
Object
Model data. Available only if Knockout is used.
titleElement
Element (jQuery or HTML)
The title's container. It is an HTML Element or a jQuery Element when you use jQuery.
Default Value: null
position
Positions the widget.
Default Value: { my: 'center', at: 'center', of: window }
Accepted Values: 'bottom' | 'center' | 'left' | 'left bottom' | 'left top' | 'right' | 'right bottom' | 'right top' | 'top'
This option accepts one of the following:
 - Position configuration object
 An object that specifies the widget's position.
 - String
 A shortcut listed in the accepted values. Positions the widget relative to the window.
 - Function
 A function that returns one of the above. Use it to position the widget based on a condition.
Use the PositionAlignment enum to specify this option when the widget is used as an ASP.NET MVC 5 Control or a DevExtreme-Based ASP.NET Core Control. This enum accepts the following values: Bottom, Center, Left, LeftBottom, LeftTop, RightBottom, RightTop, and Top.
resizeEnabled
Specifies whether or not an end user can resize the widget.
Type:
Boolean
Default Value: false
rtlEnabled
Switches the widget to a right-to-left representation.
Type:
Boolean
Default Value: false
When this option is set to true, the widget text flows from right to left, and the layout of elements is reversed. To switch the entire application/site to the right-to-left representation, assign true to the rtlEnabled field of the object passed to the DevExpress.config(config) method.
JavaScript
DevExpress.config({
 rtlEnabled: true
});
See Also
shading
Specifies whether to shade the background when the widget is active.
Type:
Boolean
Default Value: true
Shading applies to the first specified element in the following sequence: container => position.of => window
shadingColor
Specifies the shading color.
Type:
String
Default Value: ''
This option makes sense only if the shading option is set to true.
showCloseButton
Specifies whether or not the widget displays the Close button.
Type:
Boolean
Default Value: false, true (desktop)
NOTE
The option makes sense only if the showTitle option is set to true.
showTitle
A Boolean value specifying whether or not to display the title in the popup window.
Type:
Boolean
Default Value: true
tabIndex
Specifies the number of the element when the Tab key is used for navigating.
Type:
Number
Default Value: 0
The value of this option will be passed


Method: instances.testFindingsRefinement
Full name: projects.locations.instances.testFindingsRefinement
Tests for and returns past activity for a findings refinement, including, potentially, times when the findings refinement was not yet created. Each response is cumulative, so each response will contain new data as well as all data from previous responses.
HTTP request
POST _URL_
Path parameters
Parameters
instance
string
Required. The instance to test the findings refinement for. Format: projects/{project}/locations/{location}/instances/{instance}
Request body
The request body contains data with the following structure:
JSON representation
{
 "type": enum (FindingsRefinementType),
 "query": string,
 "interval": {
 object (Interval)
 },
 // Union field FindingsRefinementApplication can be only one of the following:
 "detection_exclusion_application": {
 object (DetectionExclusionApplication)
 }
 // End of list of possible types for union field FindingsRefinementApplication.
}
Fields
type
enum (FindingsRefinementType)
Required. The type of findings refinement to test. This will affect the way the query is evaluated.
query
string
Required. The query for the findings refinement. Works in conjunction with the type field to determine the findings refinement behavior that will be tested. The syntax of this string is the same as a UDM search string. See the following for more information: _URL_
interval
object (Interval)
Required. The time interval to test the findings refinement over.
Union field FindingsRefinementApplication. The resources which the findings refinement is applied to. Must correspond to the type of the findings refinement. FindingsRefinementApplication can be only one of the following:
detection_exclusion_application
object (DetectionExclusionApplication)
The resources which the detection exclusion is applied to.
Response body
Response message for TestFindingsRefinement method.
If successful, the response body contains data with the following structure:
JSON representation
{
 "activity": {
 object (FindingsRefinementActivity)
 }
}
Fields
activity
object (FindingsRefinementActivity)
The tested activity for the finding refinement.
Authorization scopes
Requires the following OAuth scope:
 - _URL_
For more information, see the Authentication Overview.
IAM Permissions
Requires the following IAM permission on the instance resource:
 - chronicle.findingsRefinements.test
For more information, see the IAM documentation.


text:
Owners of the new Surface Pro 7, or Surface Laptop 3 13.5 or 15 (Intel) may find one feature disruptive to their workflow. Adaptive contrast is a feature of Intel systems (AMD calls it Vari-Bright) that differs from auto-brightness, and while it can enhance the user experience for many, it can be annoying too.
I wrote a few guides on this topic over the years. Back then, it required going into the Windows Registry, which is tricky and cumbersome. Luckily, Intel has a full app in the Microsoft Store that allows you to disable it with a switch.
Yes, this can work on older Surface PCs too, including Surface Book, Surface Go, and older Surface Pro models (though we have not tried it on all them). The only system requirements are Windows 10 version 1709 or higher and 6th Gen Intel Core Platforms or newer. Here is how it works.
Not auto-brightness, not HDR
What is adaptive contrast?
Adaptive contrast is quite different than auto-brightness (or adaptive brightness), found under Settings > System > Display, and which ramps up and down the display backlight on ambient lighting conditions.
Adaptive contrast differs because it adjusts based on the current images on your display rather than the ambient light in your room. It's like "edge-lit local dimming of specific zones" due to what is on the screen. This is also different than High Dynamic Range (HDR), which is much more sophisticated and precise with more color depth.
The feature is standard on modern TVs and high-end gaming monitors, but it can also be a source of frustration. The effect is most noticeable at night when you tend to have a lower display brightness because you are in a dark room.
To simulate the effect, go into a dark room and open Microsoft Word (or anything with a white background) then switch to an app that is all black like Settings (if dark mode is enabled). You should see the screen slowly and smoothly dim and shift in contrast.
Unfortunately, while you can easily disable adaptive brightness under Settings > System > Display > "Change brightness automatically when lighting changes," there is no easy way to disable adaptive contrast. Also, many users conflate the two, but disabling auto-brightness won't solve this behavior if it bothers you.
This is easy
How to disable adaptive contrast with Intel's Store app
Compared to diving into the registry, this newer method (mentioned on Reddit) is much safer and requires no advanced skills.
Intel's Graphics Command Center is a Universal Windows Platform (UWP) app that was released in Spring 2019. It is like Intel's Graphic Control Panel but is newer, easier to find, and easier to manage.
- Download Intel Graphics Command Center and open it.
- Go to the System tab.
- Go to the Power sub-tab.
- Turn Display Power Savings off.
That's it! Some users have remarked that after some cumulative updates to Windows 10, the setting may revert. If that happens, simply re-follow these steps.
Likewise, the Intel Graphics Command Center has many options to help tune your display to your liking. You can adjust contrast, sharpness, colors, battery savings, and more. There is no real risk as you can always "revert to default" if your display looks worse, or battery life decreases.
And for AMD users, the AMD Radeon software is also now in the Microsoft Store so you can disable Vari-Bright too.
Do you have the ideal settings for your Surface using this utility? Share them in the comments, including which model Surface you are using and why you chose those settings.
Better and faster than ever
Type-C and 10th Gen Intel are game-changers
Microsoft has finally added a loaded-out USB Type-C port to the Surface Pro 7. When combined with Intel's latest 10th Gen processor and GPU, this year's Core i5 blows away last year's Core i7 all without a fan. Minor tweaks to the RAM, going to Intel for Wi-Fi 6, and Instant On ability make this Surface Pro 7 an absolute joy to use.
Get the Windows Central Newsletter
All the latest news, reviews, and guides for Windows and Xbox diehards.
Daniel Rubino is the Editor-in-chief of Windows Central, head reviewer, podcast co-host, and analyst. He has been covering Microsoft since 2007 when this site was called WMExperts (and later Windows Phone Central). His interests include Windows, laptops, next-gen computing, and for some reason, watches. Before all this tech stuff, he worked on a Ph.D. in linguistics, watched people sleep (for medical purposes!), and ran the projectors at movie theaters because it was fun.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The standalone software connects to other DAWs and hardware instruments via MIDI and sends note commands to trigger chords and melodies.
The main focus of Sundog lies on writing harmonic EDM songs from scratch without having to worry about music theory.
This is how it works:
- Connect Sundog to your DAW.
- Pick a scale - like C Major or E Minor.
- Sundog will show you a list of chords that can be used on this scale.
- Create a chord progression by clicking and listening.
- Use the internal step sequencer to create melodies or arpeggios on your chords and scale notes.
The main features:
- Over 300 scales included.
- Create harmonic melodies and arpeggios easily.
- MIDI file export via drag and drop.
- Find all fitting chords for a given scale.
- Convert MIDI note input (white keys) to scale notes.
- Cure writer's block by experimenting with new harmonies.
- Output: Standard MIDI note data.
- Input: MIDI notes, computer keys, mouse.
- Buy once, get updates forever - for all supported platforms.
Price: Sundog costs $39 / €29 and is available for Mac OS X and Windows.
To celebrate the release of Sundog for Mac, feelyoursound.com is also running a sale: until Sunday (2014/07/13) you can get a 15% discount on the software.
The official trailer: _URL_

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Why Should We Care About Low Probability Yet Catastrophic Events? By Eddie McCullough, Senior Vice P
Piper Alpha was the event which lead to the oil and gas industry reassessing its approach to safety. Even with new standards and an increased awareness of what causes large process safety events like these, almost 30 years on from one of the biggest disasters the industry has experienced, we continue to see large and fatal disasters occurring: Texas City, Buncefield and Richmond refinery to name a few.
However, it is not only the oil and gas industry which is at risk of high consequence, low probability events such as these. Any industry where quantities of dangerous substances meet the threshold outlined in the Control of Major Accident Hazards (COMAH) Regulations are also at risk, including chemical, storage, explosives and nuclear sites. Distilleries are another industry at risk of a process safety event and some are even classed as top tier sites. Large events at distilleries have occurred, some within the last few years, suggesting a focus on process safety is required within this industry as well. The Burghead Malting Fire in Elgin (Scotland) in 2015, Cheapside Whisky Bond in Glasgow (Scotland) in 1960, and Silver Trail in Kentucky in 2015 are only a few distilleries to have experienced a major event.
Although the number of large events like those mentioned above occur less frequently these days, they still happen. In 2016, the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (OGP) published their annual Safety Performance Indicators report which outlined the number and causes of process safety events in 2015 as reported by participating oil and gas organisations themselves. They reported 254 (rate 0.14) Tier 1 events (loss of primary containment (LOPC) with the greatest consequences) and 795 (rate 0.44) Tier 2 events (LOPC with lesser consequences). OGP also reported onshore Tier 1 process safety event rate (PSER) to be around 2.5 times the offshore Tier 1 PSER, and onshore Tier 2 PSER to be 1.6 times the offshore Tier 2 PSER.
High hazard industries, now more than ever, need to pay attention to not only their safety performance but also their process safety performance if they are to avoid experiencing the worst case scenario. It is important that high hazard industries such as COMAH sites operationalise their COMAH plan or process safety plan and ensure they are paying attention to even the weakest signals which may indicate the potential for an accident to occur.
However, the question is what can organisations do to prevent events like this from happening? The key to this is focusing on behaviours and decision making. Our experience has taught us that organisations tend to have all the systems and processes in place however how people interact with or use these systems opens the organisation up to the potential of a major event occurring. What influences a person's behaviour and how they make decisions is the culture they work in. Specifically, the organisation's safety culture; that is how much an organisation cares about their safety performance over their financial or operational performance and who within the organisation takes responsibility for safety.
There are specific concepts around behavioural safety that have been shown to make a real difference in improving a company's safety culture. The most effective way to influence an organisation's safety culture is by generating an input of care. When we talk about care we aren't talking about hugs and kisses, we are talking about feeling concerned or interested for something. Explicitly, we are talking about caring for people, the systems and processes, the plant and equipment. This care can be demonstrated in many different forms such as by asking your team "can we do anything more", or simply by following processes, rules and procedures, or even by maintaining your equipment and plant to ensure they are working effectively. If care is demonstrated in these areas, an organisation is likely to see an increase in their safety performance. Furthermore, with the creation of a culture of care, an organisation is also likely to see an improvement in their operational performance, the predictability of the performance of their people as well as their plant and equipment, and the efficiency in the way people and the organisation function, which itself can lead to a financial return.
Throughout our experience and research, and working with various high hazard industries including oil and gas, petrochemical, construction, mining, steel etc, the importance of process safety management has become apparent. Furthermore, as an organisation that is continually learning from our experience and the continuous research we do, we have noticed an increased focus on process safety wherever we go. As a result of this we have incorporated the creation of a process safety culture into how we create a culture of care.
Even with this increased attention being paid to process safety, one thing we have noticed is a lack of attention to the weak signals and warning signs which indicate the potential for danger. Through our in-field work and training workshops, we have discovered barrier defects in existence almost everywhere we go. For example, inhibits being put on fire and gas detection systems to allow work to be performed in that area without setting it off however these are not removed upon the completion of work meaning this barrier to detect something bad happening would be ineffective when it is needed. Furthermore, the level of knowledge that leadership and the workforce have in regards to process safety and the barriers to prevent a process safety event occurring is generally low. On a regular basis we often observe a mention of "pay attention to process safety hazards" from leaders to the workforce, however, this is not expanded upon to specify exactly what hazards people should be paying attention to. Combined with a low level of knowledge in regards to process safety hazards, it begs the question, is saying "pay attention" enough to prevent something bad from happening? Do people know what to pay attention to? If people aren't aware of what process safety is, the barriers their organisation has in place or need in place to prevent something bad from happening and, more specifically the role they play in managing process safety, the prevention of a major incident will be difficult for any organisation. It is therefore essential everyone, from the CEO to front line supervisors to the person on the tools, know and understand process safety management, and more importantly, their role in preventing accidents from happening.
With our experience and learning, we believe there is a necessity to raise awareness to high hazard industries including COMAH sites of the need to focus on their process safety management to prevent something bad from happening. It is important organisations who are at the greatest risk of a process safety event understand how they can operationalise their COMAH plan or process safety plan, that is how they can bring to life what is written on paper to prevent the worst case scenario happening.
Lives are precious and it is up to an organisation, specifically the senior leaders within it, to take responsibility to take care of those lives. Research shows that humans are heavily influenced by the culture they work in when they make decisions, if this culture does not see safety as a priority, how decisions get made and how people behave will reflect this. This means an organisations culture is crucial to keep people safe and by creating a culture of care, everyone can do the right thing.


Roland_TR-808 : définition de Roland_TR-808 et synonymes de Roland_TR-808 (anglais)
 Publicité ▼
définition - Roland_TR-808
voir la définition de Wikipedia
Roland TR-808
 The Roland TR-808 Rhythm Composer, produced 1980–1984
The Roland TR-808 Rhythm Composer was one of the first programmable drum machines ("TR" serving as an initialism for Transistor Rhythm). Introduced by the Roland Corporation in early 1980, it was originally manufactured for use as a tool for studio musicians to create demos. Like earlier Roland drum machines, it does not sound very much like a real drum kit. Indeed, because the TR-808 came out a few months after the Linn LM-1 (the first drum machine to use digital samples), professionals generally considered its sound inferior to sampling drum machines; a 1982 Keyboard Magazine review of the LinnDrum indirectly referred to the TR-808 as sounding like marching anteaters. However, the TR-808 cost US$1,195 upon its release, which was considerably more affordable than the US$5,000 LM-1.
Drum machines in general became an integral part of hip hop music as a cheap and simple way of producing a drum sound. The Roland TR-808 held specific appeal because of the ability of its bass drum sound to produce extremely low-frequency sounds.[1] It also featured various unique artificial percussion sounds that characterized the TR-808:[2] a deep bass kick drum,[3][4] "tinny handclap sounds,"[4] "the ticky snare, the tishy hi-hats (open and closed) and the spacey cowbell."[2] The Roland TR-808 would eventually be used on more hit records than any other drum machine,[5] and has thus attained an iconic status within the music industry.[2] The machine's successor was the Roland TR-909.
Roland credits the design of the TR-808 to two of its employees: Mr. Nakamura, who was responsible for the analog voice circuits, and Mr. Matsuoka, who developed the software.[2] The Roland TR-808 was produced between 1980 and 1983 by the Roland Corporation, with approximately 12,000 units manufactured in that time.[6] Immediately after its appearance it was rendered essentially obsolete by the superior sound and ability to sample of the Linn LM-1. However, the much cheaper price of the TR-808 ($1,195 versus $5,000 for the Linn LM-1) and a distinctive sound (in particular its deep bass kick) made the drum machine popular among hip hop artists several years after it ceased production.[3] By the end of the 1980s, the TR-808 was popular within electronic music and hip hop genres. As with many analogue electronic musical instruments, a great deal of effort was put into sampling the sounds of the TR-808 for use in modern devices; however, due to the nature of analog circuitry, the result is often considered unsatisfactory and can sound unduly static and digital. Demand for the real 808 sound is so great that street prices for a used machine have remained close to what the cost of a new TR-808 was upon its initial release in 1980 when adjusted for inflation. The 808 also had a significant impact on dance music due to its ability to program rhythm and drum sounds separately and store up to 32 patterns, which enabled it to become a serious compositional tool.[7] The kick drum of the 808 is little more than a bridged T-network sine oscillator, a low filter and a VCA. The output works continuously and that makes it possible to produce an overdub of the same signal even after 32 steps in a medium tempo. The kick is a triggered CV pulse that is added into the audio signal. The typical flattening of the decay directly after the attack is because of the audio design of the oscillator and appears like a compression.[8]
 Popular media
The first band to use the TR-808 was the Japanese electronic music group Yellow Magic Orchestra, as soon as it was released in 1980.[2][3] One of the earliest uses of the TR-808 for a live performance was by Yellow Magic Orchestra in December 1980 for the song "1000 Knives," an electro rendition of member Ryuichi Sakamoto's "Thousand Knives" (1978). The hand-clap sound was later publicized by YMO's innovative album BGM, which was released March 1981 in Japan; used again on "1000 Knives" and in "Music Plans," another of Sakamoto's songs. The TR-808 would later be further popularized in 1982, with the release of the mainstream American hits "Sexual Healing" by Marvin Gaye and "Planet Rock" by Afrika Bambaataa.[2] Other early users of the TR-808 include Australian producer Mark Moffatt, with his studio project the Monitors (1981), and Indian musician Charanjit Singh, who used it alongside a Roland TB-303 bass synthesizer to produce music resembling acid house in 1982.[9] A TR-808 was also David Byrne's sole accompaniment (apart from his acoustic guitar) at the beginning of Stop Making Sense (1984), prior to the gradual appearance of the rest of Talking Heads, although Byrne created the illusion that the sound came from, he said, "A tape I want to play," on a boombox he brought onstage.
As more realistic and tubular drum computers appeared, the TR-808 was discontinued and it became easy to buy a used machine for a low price. Its availability led to a second life as a cheap source of rhythm for hiphop artists in the mid 1980s. The Beastie Boys breakout album Licensed to Ill consists mostly of hip hop rhymes backed by the characteristic TR-808 beats and samples from popular rock songs; its success led to a new surge in popularity.
The sounds of the TR-808 were and still are very often used in drum and bass, hip hop, R&B, house, electro, and many forms of electronic dance music, albeit often unrecognizable after extensive processing. The use of the 808 drum by Double Duce on the 1985 track "School Breakdown" and 2 Live Crew on its third album, As Nasty As They Wanna Be, established a foundation for sounds of Miami bass and southern rap.[10] According to Derrick May, the TR-808 was also the preferred drum machine during the early years of techno.[11]
On 8 August 2008 (08.08.08), a party was held in London, England, UK, to celebrate the TR-808. It featured 808 State, Arthur Baker, DMX Krew, and I-f—artists associated with the machine. The party was organized by the electro label Citinite.
The Namco Museum soundtracks use the TR-808 extensively as the main rhythm generator. Other percussion and effects were added to the soundtrack via software sequencer.
Metalcore and Deathcore bands often make use of a sub-drop to emphasize the first chord of a breakdown, this is commonly produced by using a sample of an 808 kick that has been equalized to accent the bass and sub-bass frequencies.
On "MDNA", Madonna's 2012 release, she name checks the drums in her song "Girl Gone Wild."
 2. ^ a b c d e f Jason Anderson (November 28, 2008). "Slaves to the rhythm: Kanye West is the latest to pay tribute to a classic drum machine". CBC News. _URL_ Retrieved 2011-05-29.
 3. ^ a b c Mickey Hess (2007), Icons of hip hop: an encyclopedia of the movement, music, and culture, Volume 1, ABC-CLIO, p. 75, ISBN 0-313-33903-1, _URL_ retrieved 2011-05-29
 4. ^ a b "Happy 808 Day". Wired. August 8, 2008. _URL_ Retrieved 2011-05-31.
 5. ^ Peter Wells (2004), A Beginner's Guide to Digital Video, AVA Books, p. 18, ISBN 2-88479-037-3, _URL_ retrieved 2011-05-20
 6. ^ Mark Butler (2006). Unlocking the groove: rhythm, meter, and musical design in electronic dance music. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 64. ISBN 0-253-34662-2.
 7. ^ Moore, Allan (2003). Analyzing popular music. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 94. ISBN 0-521-77120-X.
 8. ^ [1] SYNTH SECRETS Practical Bass Drum Synthesis, retrieved 2012-02-15
 10. ^ Hess, 2007, p. xxvi.
 11. ^ System 7 interview with Mark Roland in: Muzik,


text:
Models of hygienic sanitary appliances, England, 1895
It's 1895 and Charles Campbell, a member of the Sanitary Institute, has designed and arranged this cabinet for lectures on hygiene and sanitary science – but who is attending such talks? Sanitary Inspectors employed to check and report on the state of hygiene in their neighbourhood are the most likely audience. It was an essential part of their training, in preparation for examinations held by the Sanitary Institute and other public health associations. Women gained the sanitary officer's certificate as often as men. In the mid-1890s, Hilda Martindale attended lectures at the Sanitary Institute, passed the examination, and went on to study public health and hygiene at Bedford College, London. What were her career prospects? She worked as a factory inspector for more than thirty years, becoming Deputy Chief Inspector in 1925. It's possible Hilda Martindale was taught using this or a similar cabinet, so what's inside? It has three layers of miniature water supply and sewerage fittings, sanitary appliances such as toilets and wash basins, and equipment relating to the ventilation of buildings. Best practice could be demonstrated, but the cabinet also contains items showing incorrect or defective fittings posing a hazard to health. Similar exhibits were found in the Parkes Museum, founded in 1876 as a memorial to military hygiene reformer Edmund Alexander Parkes. What was its role? It aimed to educate and inform the general householder and building tradespeople, complementing the work of the Sanitary Institute (with which it merged in 1888) to raise standards of public health.
Related Themes and Topics
There are 583 related objects. View all related objects
The science of health and how to maintain it. A condition or practice which promotes good health. The definition varies widely and differs across cultures.
Glossary: model - representation
Use for a scaled representation of an object or structure, usually three-dimensional. The item is often idealised or modified to make it conceptually easier to understand.
Glossary: sewerage pipe
Glossary: hygiene model

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Indio in Spanish is used to mean Indian, Indigene, and Hindu. Are all 3 meanings correct?
The word «indio» referes to someone of either the Eastern Indias or the Western Indias but is mostly currently referred for either an Indian national (someone from the Asian country called India or otherwise related to the Indian subcontinent) or someone ethnically related to the peoples who lived in the Americas before Columbus. I don't know of other parts of the Spanish-speaking world, but at least in Colombia «indio» is also pejorative for someone deemed to be less educated or from a lesser culture level (regardless of ethnical background).
The word «indígena» would roughly translate in English as native, aborigen or indigenous, so it could be applied to a Lapp (a Same) in Finland, a Australian aborigen, or to an indio in the Americas. It could also be extended to a white blonde German in Germany, although this meaning is rare. Correct but rare. In the Americas, many people say «indígena» instead of «indio» to avoid the other two meanings of «indio» (someone from India or the insult). As with any other ethnic related word, some people adopt it with pride and some people will feel offended.
The word «hindú» correctly applies to either someone from the Hindustani culture (Urdu/Hindi) or a follower of Hinduism. By extention, and to avoid the use of «indio» (to avoid confuntion to native Indians in the Americas or to avoid the pejorative meaning) it is also applied to the nationals of India. Most educated people will agree that «hindú» is incorrect when referring to just someone from India (unless related to Hindustani or Hinduism).
For avoiding confusion the word «hinduísta» will refer to a follower of Hinduism regardless of ethnic background or national affiliation.
Another related word is «amerindio» derived from «indio americano» wich refers to someone indigenous from the Americas, avoiding any confusion with «indio» and less incorrect than «indígena» when narrowing the meaning. Also, while some people bare proudly its name as «amerindio» other people takes it offensively.
So, in summary:
Although Indio is used as a polysemic word used to talk about Indian, Indigene and Hindu, in Spanish we have different word for those three meanings
That way, when you want to talk about one of those three, if ou say ust Indio asure to be ery specific in your context, so everyone can understand you're talking about an Indian 'Indio', Indigene 'Indio' or Hindu 'Indio'.
Using Indio for Indigene, sounds to me like some king of insult, and it is used sometimes in a pejorative way, always speaking about someone southamerican.


Burnham Overy Staithe sea defences
Burnham Overy is a civil parish on the north coast of Norfolk, England. In modern times a distinction is often made between the two settlements of Burnham Overy Town, the original village adjacent to the parish church and now reduced to a handful of houses, and Burnham Overy Staithe, a rather larger hamlet about 1 mile (2 km) away and next to the creek-side harbour.
Burnham Overy lies between the larger village of Burnham Market, less than 1 mile (2 km) to the west, and Holkham, some 3 miles (5 km) to the east. Burnham Thorpe, the birthplace of Horatio Nelson, lies 1 mile (2 km) to the south-east. According to various letters and documents, Nelson learned to row and sail a dinghy at Burnham Overy Staithe, at the age of 10, two years before joining the Navy. The larger town of King's Lynn is 20 miles (30 km) to the south-west, whilst the city of Norwich is 30 miles (50 km) to the south-east.
The civil parish has an area of 8.92 km2 and in the 2001 census had a population of 311 in 167 households. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of King's Lynn and West Norfolk.


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The Truth About Divorce After Traumatic Brain Injury
Comments [32]
Jeff Kreutzer and Jenny Marwitz, Virginia Commonwealth Model Systems of Care
The Truth About Divorce After Traumatic Brain Injury
Have you heard that the divorce rate after brain injury is really high? Have you read that the divorce rate for couples after brain injury is higher than the divorce rate for the general population? If you are a spouse or survivor of brain injury, you may be wondering whether your marriage is at risk.
Media reports suggest that as many as one half of all marriages in the United States will end in divorce. In fact, recent census data indicates that nearly half of all marriages will end in divorce. Believing that the divorce rate after brain injury is higher than the general divorce rate could be very frightening.
Research has given a mixed picture of divorce rates after brain injury. In the 1970s, researchers began to study post-injury divorce rates and found that 40% of couples were either separated or divorced seven years after injury. A review of studies published after 1980 shows alarmingly high post-injury divorce rates ranging from 48% to 78%.
There is little doubt that brain injury can strain marriages. Spouses often take on many of the injured person's responsibilities, though they may have little experience with their new responsibilities. Unemployment rates after brain injury are relatively high and many insurance companies do not cover the costs of therapy, adding to financial stresses. Brain injury often brings on drastic personality changes which may include irritability, depression, limited awareness of injury-related changes, and argumentativeness. Some spouses have reported, "I'm married, but have no husband" and/or "I'm married to a stranger."
Knowing the importance of marriage and the need to provide families with valid information, Traumatic Brain Injury Model System (TBIMS) researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) looked more closely at research on marriage after brain injury. They found that many of the earlier studies were carried out in Europe where the social and legal system is different than the United States. Furthermore, many of the studies relied on small sample sizes which may not accurately reflect the larger population.
In 2007, Virginia Commonwealth University TBI Model Systems researchers published one of the first comprehensive investigations of marriage after brain injury. The researchers gathered information from 120 people with mild, moderate, and severe injuries who were married at the time of their injury. Survivors three to eight years post-injury, averaging 41 years of age, were asked about their marital status. Results showed that 3 out of 4 (90/120) remained married at the time of follow-up.
As a result of their research, the VCU investigators became concerned that past studies may have produced misleading negative information. In their published research paper, the authors stated, "The present investigation does not [support] the notion that divorce rates for persons with brain injury are higher than those for the general population."
In 2008, VCU investigators led a multicenter research team which investigated marital stability after brain injury. Information on marital status was collected at 16 NIDRR-funded TBI Model Systems around the country. This study was the largest scale study on marriage after brain injury to date and included 977 persons from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds. The research team found that 85% of survivors remained married for at least two years post injury.
In summary, recent research suggests the rate of divorce after brain injury may, in fact, be much lower than divorce rates for the general population. The news is encouraging. While some spouses report more stresses and marital troubles post-injury, some report connecting with each other in new, positive ways as they face injury-related challenges together.
Marriage is clearly an important part of our culture and a major element of many people's lives. Still, more research is needed to better understand how injury affects marriages and what can be done to preserve and enrich relationships. First, we need to better understand how the quality of relationships is affected in good and bad ways. Second, we must develop strategies to strengthen marriages so that both partners describe the relationship as positive and fulfilling. There is good reason to be hopeful.
 1. Arango, J., Ketchum, J., Dezfulian, T., Kreutzer, J., O'Neil-Pirozzi, Hammond, F., & Jha, A. (2008). Predictors of marital stability two years following brain injury. Brain Injury, 22(7-8), 565-574.
 2. Kreutzer, J., Marwitz, J., Hsu, N., Williams, J., & Riddick, A. (2007). Marital stability after brain injury: An investigation and analysis. NeuroRehabilitation, 22(1), 53-59.
This article was written by the staff of the Virginia Commonwealth Traumatic Brain Injury Model System. For more information about our programs (_URL_) and conferences (_URL_), please vist our websites or email Jenny Marwitz at _EMAIL_. Article used with permission. Updated September 2010.
Comments [32]
My husband had a TBI a little over 5 yrs. ago. We have been married 21 years. He was in the hospital for 6 months. I never knew if he would recover or if he would be able to be home. He eventually came home & went through so many different therapist. Im happy he is doing better but at the same time I never been so miserable. Like so many others have said "I'm living with a stranger." His personality is so different & he just sits on the couch all day watching tv. He never has any incentive to do anything but watch TV & eat. He will go with me to do grocery shopping but never suggests what we should buy or eat or what to do. He is verbally abusive & when I try to confront him about things he says to people that is embarrassing & rude he acts like he doesn't do anything wrong & gets furious with me. I can never have a decent conversation with him. He can hurt my feelings & he acts like he's mr. wonderful. I know he can't help having a brain injury but I feel depressed & guilty that at my age I'm insecure in the relationship & don't feel like I'm in love anymore with him. I feel totally helpless.
Aug 19th, 2016 2:38am
To the woman who's husband can have conversations with others but not her without fighting: I am a wife and the TBI and also seem to have conversations with others just fine and yet argue with my husband terrifically. I don't understand exactly what is happening, although I know it's usually that I am severely overstimulated and looking to him to help me vs to be a spouse for me. He has given me sound proof headphones which helps and I try to have a brain break before heading about his day so that I'm fresh for his and my relationship time. Also I find driving helps us as I sit in the passenger seat and can listen to him without taking in all the nonverbal information when sitting face to face. Maybe things like that could help you and your husband. Also I asked my husband to ask me questions to help me think like: do you think you need a brain break? Is this store environment overstimulating you? Do you need to go shut our light and sound for sheiks and then listen to me talk about my day? Things like this seem to help us. I hope that helps. Hang in there, he loves you and needs you and it will get better. Brain breaks are key! Also has he looked into yoked prism glasses and vision therapy? It's been the ONLY things after 4-5 years that has started my husband telling me he sees his wife coming back. Something called the MIT device or 'fixation' has been a huge success with me and you might look into it with your vision therapy Doctor. Good luck and find things that aren't stimulating that you can do together. Best! ~JK=)
Aug 9th, 2016 4:10am
My husband had a TBI in 2010. He is rude. Can't handle crowds or traffic. He is ocd about everything. Physically he is fine. They did surgery on the left frontal lobe. He is so impatient and everything that happens is my fault in his eyes. He is controlling and verbally abusive. As long as his daily routine goes uninterrupted life is fine. He can't have a normal conversation with me without yelling..but he can manage to work with others without yelling. I have felt bad because I want to leave and I know he can't help the state he is in.. But he believes he is fine and says I am the one with the problem... Help me..to make him see he needs help
Jul 24th, 2016 3:55pm
I suffered a severe TBI in 1993 at the age of 21, my wife and I were only married for 3 months and pregnant with our first child at the time. Nothing in my life is the same as before, everything has changed, I never recovered fully but learned how to cope, manage and hide my injuries. The rehab hospital I was in actually offered to help my wife get a divorce lawyer (because marriages with head injuries don't last) My wife told them to **** off and that we would make it. 24 years later we are still together and I have changed from being a roofer to an IT specialist making 60k/yr. Like I said I


text:
I have a field called StartDateTime. In Microsoft Access it contained only a time. My code used to sort this field properly when outputting, so that morning events appeared at the top.
Since migrating to SQL Server, however, the field is now sorted by the first character, and the field contains dates in the 1800s that never used to be there. 9AM events appear right after 9PM events in my output.
So I ask:
1. How can I create just a TIME field for Microsoft SQL 7.0?
2. How can I sort the field properly (regardless of the answer for Question 1)?
I'm not clear about whether you have dates and times in your table now.
You can use the DATEPART function to extract the time from the datetime you have. Then you'll need to use the CONVERT function to change the data type of the date, because it is implicitly identified as an int.
The first thing to do is to get what you want out of the date.
SELECT DATEPART(hh,the_date) FROM MYTABLE will get you the hours portion of the datetime out of the field.
SELECT CONVERT(CHAR(2),DATEPART(hh, the_DATE)) will do the extraction and coerce the datatype into a character for you.
Hope this helps.


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I have two rows with values and third row must be a difference between first and second row, like here:
3 5 1 . .
2 2 5 . .
1 3 -4 . .
I enter a formula in the 3rd row 2nd column: =$B3-$B4
I enter a formula in the 3rd row 3rd column: =$C3-$C4
And then I (as used in MS excel) select 2 and 3 columns in 3rd row and grab the dot in the bottom right corner, then i pulling it to the right to extend for some columns.
As a result I want to see =$D3-$D4 and =$E3-$E4
But I see only repeating =$B3-$B4, =$C3-$C4, =$B3-$B4, =$C3-$C4, =$B3-$B4, =$C3-$C4.
Tried this in LibreOffice Calc and Gnumeric.
Versions:
LibreOffice 3.3.4
OOO330m19 (Build:401)
tag libreoffice-3.3.3.1, Ubuntu package 1:3.3.4-0ubuntu1
Gnumeric: 1.10.13
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Isn't this a question for ask.libreoffice.org ? – danjjl Mar 30 '12 at 15:09
up vote 2 down vote accepted
Well, In your question some parts are not clear. But the result is important. So I will give you the answer.
First,
I have two rows with values and third row must be a difference between first and second row, like here:
3 5 1 (first row) 2 2 5 (Second Row)
1 3 -4 (third row)
Now in Libre office calc (or in anyother spread sheet program),if you want to get the result in 3rd row by subtracting from first and second row,your formula doesn't work
I enter a formula in the 3rd row 2nd column: =$B3-$B4 (here you are subtracting the 3rd row with4th row )
I enter a formula in the 3rd row 3rd column: =$C3-$C4(here you are subtracting the 3rd row with4th row )
so if you want the subtracted result in 3rd row you have to type in 3rd row first column =A1-A2
in 3rd row second column =B1-B2
then inorder to move thse formula to the next part of the third row, selct the 3rd row second column,then grab the dot then drag it to the other are of the third column where you want th formula applicble.
There you have it..... you will get
third row must be a difference between first and second row
All the best from RJK
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Thanks. That was easy. I don't know why in the first two cells of third row the formula was with dollar sign. It works, but can't be expanded to other columns of a row. – Drey Jan 7 '12 at 5:34

sure, you can,select the third row then drag it using the dot. you will get the formula. It worked for me......... (I got the formula transfered to the desired boxes of 3rd row) – rjkrocks Jan 7 '12 at 9:40
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text:
Interdisciplinary research ("IDR") is often trumpeted as essential for scientific and technological advancement. However, interdisciplinarity is an ambiguous and multidimensional concept: there are several legitimate perspectives on how to track it --and a lack of consensus on which are the most appropriate.
This website offers a novel tool, the overlay maps of science, as a method to explore the degree of interdisciplinarity of a set of publications. The overlay technique visualizes the spread of publications over the global map of science, i.e. the structure of science as obtained from the analysis of cross-citations between disciplines.
The analysis can be carried out at different units of aggregation: for example for a university or corporation, for a research topic, or for a research programme or funding agency. By locating the publications over the map of science, one can gain an understanding of the diversity of disciplines involved. Since attribution of publications to disciplines is problematic and controversial, the overlay maps are only reliable with large numbers. We have estimated at least 70 publications may be needed for an exploratory map, but we recommend above 1,000 for accurate representations (see details in appendix in Rafols, Porter and Leydesdorff (to appear)).
The maps allow one to intuitively perceive various aspects of disciplinary diversity. First, the number of disciplines involved. Second, the balance of disciplines, i.e. –whether publications are evenly distributed or some disciplines are predominant. Third, and crucially, the cognitive distance between the disciplines involved –whether the research investigated covers disparate or cognate areas of science. This aspect of disparity is a key advantage of the maps: they differentiate between short-range interdisciplinarity (e.g. chemistry and physics), or long-range interdisciplinarity (e.g. social science and biology). Measures of interdisciplinarity can be associated with these maps, as described in Porter et al. (2007) and Rafols and Meyer (2010).
The overlay maps provide just one perspective on interdisciplinarity –namely the disciplinary diversity of publications. We suggest that other aspects be considered as well when assessing interdisciplinary research. Within the bibliometric remit, we believe it is equally important to explore degree of knowledge integration, i.e. whether the publication set under study constitutes or not a coherent (i.e. directly interrelated) body of research (Rafols and Meyer, 2010). More generally, we warn the users about the limitations of bibliometric tools to capture the complex processes involved in interdisciplinary interactions.
Please do not hesitate to contact us for questions and feedback!
Alan Porter and Ismael Rafols
School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology
SPRU (Science and Technology Policy Research), University of Sussex
This website was developed with support from the Science of Science Policy Program, SBE Award _TAG_. The findings and observations contained here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.


text:
1884 Drew Pocket Map of Florida
Description: An extremely scarce and important map of Florida drawn by Horace Drew in 1884. This highly uncommon map, the earliest known example of which was issued in 1867, is considered to be the only pocket map of Florida actually printed in Florida. The first edition of this map was printed by Columbus Drew from his offices in Jacksonville Florida and subsequently updated in an unknown number of editions into the 1880s. This example was printed by Horace Drew, son and successor to Columbus. It reflects the rapid and hopeful development of Florida through the middle and late 19 century, with numerous railways, roads, and canals noted.
Of particular note is the Lucie Canal, shown here leading from Lake Okeechobee to the Atlantic. This canal was part of a plan, supported by Drew, to drain the Everglades via a series of well placed water channels. Fortunately the Lucie canal was never built and the unique Everglades biosphere has been preserved for us to enjoy today.
Also of interest is the extensive notation in the lower left quadrant regarding the Florida Land Survey. Even in the late 19th century much of Florida remained federally administrated Public Land. It was the work of the Florida Land Survey, upon which this map is based, to plat out the land for sale to settlers. Drew's notations explain the process and how do identify land available for purchase. Drew additionally notes the sites of various important battles during the Seminole Wars.
Considered the Holy Grail of 19th century Florida cartography, this map is a must for any serious collection focusing on the American Southeast. Dated and copyrighted, "Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1884 by Horace Drew, in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington."
Date: 1884 (dated)
References: Rumsey, 5190.001 (1870 edition). Fitzgerald, 167 (1874 edition). Phillips, (maps) 285 (1874 edition). Library of Congress, Map Division, G3931.P3 1874.D7 RR 195. Baxter, J. M., Tequesta - An Annotated Checklist of Florida Maps, p. 115.
Cartographer: Columbus Drew (1820 - 1891) was a Florida physician, politician, writer, bookseller, publisher and printer active in the mid to late 19th century. Drew acquired a degree in medicine from Washington University in Baltimore before relocating to Florida to establish a practice in Jacksonville. Drew quickly became a leading citizen and, being an ardent Union Man, held the post of state Comptroller during the post Civil War Reconstruction. Drew was a leading figure in the development of Florida following the Civil War. His influence impacted the course and development of state railways, canals, drainage projects, and other civil world. Cartographically he is best known for the publication of his "New Map of the State of Florida", which, through numerous editions and revisions, chronicles the history and development of the state during a critical period. This map is now extremely scarce in any edition. Columbus Drew passed his publishing company to his son, Horace Drew, who continued to publish an update Drew's important map. The Drew family became leading citizens in Jacksonville and today their historic Victorian home enjoys landmark status. Click here for a list of maps by the Horace and Columbus Drew.
Size: Printed area measures 25 in height x 26 inches in width (63.5 x 66.04 centimeters)
Condition: Very good. Minor discolorations along original fold lines. Professionally removed from binder (included) and flattened.
Code: Florida-drew-1884 (to order by phone call: _PHONE_)
© Geographicus Rare Antique Maps, Kevin Brown, 19/6/2013


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This question is the outcome of a few naive thoughts, without reading the proof of Gelfand-Neumark theorem.
Given a compact Hausdorff space $X$, the algebra of complex continuous functions on it is enough to capture everything on its space. In fact, by the Gelfand-Neumark theorem, it is enough to consider the commutative C*-algebras instead of considering compact Hausdorff spaces.
The important thing here is that $C*$-algebras have a complex structure. The real structure is not enough. Given the algebra $C(X, \mathbb R) \oplus C(X, \mathbb R)$ of real continuous functions on $X$, the algebra $C(X, \mathbb{C})$ is simply the direct sum $C(X, \mathbb R) \oplus C(X, \mathbb R)$, as a Banach algebra(and this can be given a complex structure, (seeing it as the complexification...)). But to obtain a C*-algebra, we need an additional C*-algebra, and the obvious way, ie, defining $(f + ig)$* $= (f - ig)$ does not work out. More precisely, the C* identity does not hold.
So one cannot weaken (as it stands) the condition in the Gelfand-Neumark theorem that we need the algebra of complex continuous functions on the space $X$, since we do need the C* structure. Of course, this is without an explicit counterexample. Which brings us to:
Qn 1. Please given an example of two non-homeomorphic compact Hausdorff spaces $X$ and $Y$ such that the function algebras $C(X, \mathbb R)$ and $C(Y, \mathbb R)$ are isomorphic(as real Banach algebras)?
(Here I am hoping that such an example exists).
Then again,
Qn 2. From the above it appears that the structure of complex numbers is involved when the algebra of complex functions captures the topology on the space. So how exactly is this happening?
(The vague notions concerning this are something like: the complex plane minus a point contains nontrivial $1$-cycles, so perhaps the continuous maps to the complex plane might perhaps capture all the information in the first homology, etc..)..
Note : Edited in response to the answers. Fixed the concerns of Andrew Stacey, and changed Gelfand-Naimark to Gelfand-Neumark, as suggested by Dmitri Pavlov.
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If you know a little algebraic geometry, an exercise toward the end of chapter 1 in Atiyah-Macdonald walks you through an attractive proof that a CH space is determined by its ring of real valued functions. What the C* algebra formalism gets you in this context is the "image" of the functor $X \mapsto C(X, \mathbb{C})$ from CH spaces to $\mathbb{C}$-algebras. It is possible to formulate an analogous condition for $\mathbb{R}$-algebras, but the entire theory is more awkward (though more powerful in some ways!). – Paul Siegel May 25 '10 at 23:48
Let me try to justify my last remark. Aside from the awkwardness of the definition, the Bott periodicity theorem for the K-theory of real C* algebras has period 8 rather than period 2 in the complex case, and thus many arguments are much more arduous. But there is also room for more subtlety. For example, the complex structure of C* algebras is at some level responsible for the fact that the Atiyah Singer index theorem is most naturally formulated for even dimensional manifolds. One way to formulate an odd dimensional analogue is to use real C* algebras. This is not without applications. – Paul Siegel May 25 '10 at 23:57
_USER_: That is a nice exercise, but I am confused by "If you know a little algebraic geometry". I guess you mean because of the topology placed on the maximal ideal space? Also, thanks for addressing some differences between the real and complex case. _USER_: In spite of Paul's comments, I must say I'm a little confused by the noncommutative-geometry tag in light of the fact that there is nothing noncommutative in your question. – Jonas Meyer May 26 '10 at 2:40
_USER_: In AM, $X$ is recovered from $C(X)$ as the subspace of $Spec(C(X))$ (with the Zariski topology) consisting of maximal ideals. So the exercise requires a casual familiarity with $Spec$, which one usually accumulates via AG. For what it's worth, I support the NCG tag for this question. I don't always work directly with NC C*-algebras in a substantial way, but I usually tell people I work in NCG because I often use $C(X)$ as a proxy for $X$. Maybe I am "mistagging" myself. :) – Paul Siegel May 26 '10 at 14:03
Makes sense. This isn't the first time I've heard of someone working in commutative NCG, but I still appreciate the novelty. – Jonas Meyer May 26 '10 at 19:34
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3 Answers
up vote 4 down vote accepted
Here is a slightly different, perhaps simpler take on showing that $C(X,\mathbb{R})$ determines $X$ if $X$ is compact Hausdorff. For each closed subset $K$ of $X$, define $\mathcal{I}_K$ to be the set of elements of $C(X,\mathbb{R})$ that vanish on $K$. The map $K\mapsto\mathcal{I}_K$ is a bijection from the set of closed subsets of $X$ to the set of closed ideals of $C(X,\mathbb{R})$. Urysohn's lemma and partitions of unity are enough to see this, with no complexification, Gelfand-Neumark, or (explicitly) topologized ideal spaces required. I remember doing this as an exercise in Douglas's Banach algebra techniques in operator theory in the complex setting, but the same proof works in the real setting.
Here are some details in response to a prompt in the comments. (Added later: See Theorem 3.4.1 in Kadison and Ringrose for another proof. Again, the functions are assumed complex-valued there, but you can just ignore that, read $\overline z$ as $z$ and $|z|^2$ as $z^2$, to get the real case.)
I will take it for granted that each $\mathcal{I}_K$ is a closed ideal. This doesn't require that the space is Hausdorff (nor that $K$ is closed). Suppose that $K_1$ and $K_2$ are unequal closed subsets of $X$, and without loss of generality let $x\in K_2\setminus K_1$. Because $X$ is compact Hausdorff and thus normal, Urysohn's lemma yields an $f\in C(X,\mathbb{R})$ such that $f$ vanishes on $K_1$ but $f(x)=1.$ Thus, $f$ is in $\mathcal{I}_{K_1}\setminus\mathcal{I}_{K_2}$, and this shows that $K\mapsto \mathcal{I}_K$ is injective. The work is in showing that it is surjective.
Let $\mathcal{I}$ be a closed ideal in $C(X,\mathbb{R})$, and define $K_\mathcal{I}=\cap_{f\in\mathcal{I}}f^{-1}(0)$, so that $K_\mathcal{I}$ is a closed subset of $X$. Claim: $\mathcal{I}=\mathcal{I}_{K_\mathcal{I}}$.
It is immediate from the definition of $K_\mathcal{I}$ that each element of $\mathcal{I}$ vanishes on $K_\mathcal{I}$, so that $\mathcal{I}\subseteq\mathcal{I}_{K_\mathcal{I}}.$ Let $f$ be an element of $\mathcal{I}_{K_\mathcal{I}}$. Because $\mathcal{I}$ is closed, to show that $f$ is in $\mathcal{I}$ it will suffice to find for each $\epsilon>0$ a $g\in\mathcal{I}$ with $\|f-g\|_\infty<3\epsilon$. Define $U_0=f^{-1}(-\epsilon,\epsilon)$, so $U_0$ is an open set containing $K_\mathcal{I}$. For each $y\in X\setminus U_0$, because $y\notin K_\mathcal{I}$ there is an $f_y\in \mathcal{I}$ such that $f_y(y)\neq0$. Define $$g_y=\frac{f(y)}{f_y(y)}f_y$$ and $U_y=\{x\in X:|g_y(x)-


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Seemingly the same fact goes under several names: MacMahon master theorem, Wronski relation, unnamed fact about symmetric functions - I wonder what is history and what should be ''correct name''?
Let me remind the facts and formulate questions more precisely:
Denote by $e_k$ elementary and $S_k$ complete symmetric functions, then it is well-known that
Fact (with NO name (e.g. Wikipedia) ): $\sum_i S_{k-i} e_i = 0 $ or in terms of generating functions: $ (\sum_{i=0...\infty} t^i S_i ) (\sum_{i=0...n} t^i e_i ) = 1 $.
Proof: $1/(\sum_{i=0...n} t^i e_i )= 1/\prod_i (1-t\lambda_i)$ and using expansion in the geometric progression we get $(\sum_{i=0...\infty} t^i S_i ) $.
Question 1 It seems this relation is too simple to bear someone's name, correct? Nevertheless is its history known? Who was (were) the first to mention?
Let $A$ be a matrix.
Fact (MacMahon Master theorem or Wronski relation). $det(1-tM)(\sum_i Tr t^i S^i(M)) =1 $, where $S^i$ are symmetric tensor power of $M$.
Proof. Assume $A$ is diagonalizible, then it is can be proved in the eigenbasis and is exactly the previous fact. Any complex matrix can be approximated by diagonalizble and since it is algebraic identity this is enough.
It is clear how MacMahon enters this story - he found combinatorial application and describes them in his book, see e.g. Wikipedia
The name of Wronski is used e.g. in papers:
Toru Umeda Application of Koszul complex to Wronski relations for U(gl)
or in many papers by Russian authors on quantum groups e.g. A. Isaev, O. Ogievetsky, P. Pyatov, On quantum matrix algebras satisfying the CayleyHamilton-Newton identities page 9.
Question 2: How Wronski enters the story? Should the relation for complete and elementary symmetric functions be also called "MacMahon" or "Wronski" relation, since it is equivalent to their theorem?
The motivation for asking is writting some Wikipedia article (by the way comments are welcome) as well proper refering in my own articles.
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I think the $e_i$ are usually not defined with the signs you've given them. Also, you use both $A$ and $M$ for what I think are the same matrix, and the version of the MacMahon Master Theorem I'm familiar with has $t$ a diagonal matrix of indeterminates rather than a scalar indeterminate. – Qiaochu Yuan Aug 4 '12 at 14:50
Oops I missed signs, and A =M thanks! Concerning t or diagonal T it is not important. You can absorb them in matrix M. One adds "t" just for convergence. – Alexander Chervov Aug 4 '12 at 15:20
1 Answer 1
up vote 5 down vote accepted
I will answer only the second question. Full disclosure: I wrote much of the WP MacMahon Master Theorem article.
No, you should not call a trivial symmetric function identity after MacMahon (which was already used by Euler and Newton, see e.g. Newton's identities). His theorem is much deeper than you make it seem, due to its relations to combinatorics. This linear algebra proof which you view as trivial is in fact a relatively recent observation, which (to my knowledge) appeared in print only when the MMT was generalized to various non-commutative rings, etc.
To make a general point, the history of mathematics is complicated and should be treated in context rather than with the present day hindsight. My favorite example is Cayley's formula which was originally proved by Carl Borchardt (i.e. before Cayley) as an elementary consequence of Kirchhoff's determinant formula. This is also how we teach it these days. So, should we rename Cayley's formula after Kirchhoff or Borchardt? The best way is to leave things as is - it was Cayley's paper (which references Borchardt's), which, after all, made a major impact on the developments of combinatorics.
More egregiously so, Cauchy's identities for symmetric functions appear in the same setting as the product formulas you mention. Richard Stanley told me that he checked every page of Cauchy's collected papers and is now convinced that Cauchy never proved these. So, should we rename them? No, I say keep the name. We are used to it by now. Same with "MacMahon" and "Wronski". There is really no need to name and re-name things unless the current terminology leads to some kind of confusion... (see here for a story of one such renaming which possibly saved lives).
share|improve this answer
Thank you very much for your kind reply. Macmahon application to Dixon identity is great, but I think the fact itself and proof I mentioned were known to many people without knowledge about Macmahon unfortunately. E.g. the fact is mentioned in "Loop groups" by Pressley Segal as a footnote (may be Russian translation only? ). My master thesis contain this proof and actually more general facts _URL_-alg/_PHONE_ – Alexander Chervov Aug 4 '12 at 11:25
I see. Yes, this often happens when same/similar result is being obtained in parallel in different field. MacMahon's contributions were in the 1920s. I stand by my view that no history of MMT and symmetric functions needs revision, but would be interested to learn more about Wronski's work. – Igor Pak Aug 5 '12 at 5:03
_USER_ I certainly agree with you, that revision is useless. I'll try to find out about Wronski and hopefully add a comments later. – Alexander Chervov Aug 8 '12 at 5:58
Your Answer


text:
IN MEMORY OF…ROBERT J. YOUNG, _PHONE_
LIBRARY OBJECT(S) OF THE WEEK
To commemorate the recent passing of Robert J. Young, (a long-time supporter of the museum and research center), this week's featured items come from the physical culture collection he most generously donated to our library. Born in Enid, Oklahoma, Mr. Young served his country during the Korean War and remained a reserve officer until retiring at the rank of lieutenant colonel in 1988. Mr. Young earned a Master's degree in biology from the University of Oklahoma and worked for thirty-two years for the U.S. government, joining the Environmental Protection Agency when that branch was created in 1971. After retiring from public service, Mr. Young moved first to Virginia Beach, Virginia and then down to Deland, Florida.
Robert J. Young was a life-long advocate of healthy living through sunbathing, attention to physical fitness and exercise, proper diet and nutrition, and abstinence from smoking. He was also a great admirer and collector of the publications of Bernarr Macfadden, a pioneer of the American physical culture movement, a body-builder, and a self-made millionaire. Macfadden used his publishing empire to distribute popular magazines and books that championed his crusade against Victorian prudery, exposed early twentieth-century medical establishment quackery, and advocated better living through physical fitness. Mr. Young's desire to see his physical culture collection preserved and made accessible to scholars and the general public inspired him to donate these materials to our rare books and special collections library. Mr. Young's lively spirit and generosity will be deeply missed.


text:
Lachit Borphukan was the son of Momai Tamuli Borbarua. Momai became first governor of upper Assam. He served Ahom army as commander in chief. Lachit enjoyed a nice upbringing and was educated in humanities, military science and scriptures.
Lachit got appointed as Borphukan of Stable of Royal Houses, Commander of the strategic Simulgarh Fort. Later he was appointed as scarf bearer of Ahem Swargadeo. He was appointed by King Chakradhwaj Singha to fight against Mughals to liberate Guwahati which he did successfully.
Battle of Saraighat:-
Once Mughals got defeated by army led by Lachit, Mughals army sailed Brahmaputra river towards Assam. They were approaching Guwahati as rebellious forces. Ram Singh 1 was the Commander in chief of Mughals. He sent a letter into Ahom camp which said that Lachit should leave Guwahati as he is paid 1 lakh. King started to doubt Lachit's devotion towards his kingdom. However, soon was made to realize that it was just a trick played by Mughals. In the last phase of Saraighat war, Assamese soldiers began to lose their will to continue the fight. However, Lachit continued fighting with complete patriotism as he felt that this was the task meant for him and he cannot disobey the orders given by the king. He boarded a boat and along with 7 other boats continued the battle on river Brahmaputra. He won the battle.
Ram Singh1 after losing battle mentioned words of appreciation and praise to Lachit Borphukan that how single handedly he led the war and won it. On Nov 24 each year, Lachit Divas is celebrated in Assam. His bravery was confined to state of Assam until recently when his statue was introduced to National Defense Academy in Khadakvasla Pune by Governor of Assam.


Feature Drawing
Intermediate
TEXTXY
Draw text at a given coordinate.
5 parameters:
 1. X position of lower left corner of text (in.)
 2. Y position of lower left corner of text (in.)
 3. Height of text (in.)
 4. Rotation angle of text (degrees clockwise)
 5. Text to be drawn.
Example:
TEXTXY 3,-2,.2,,Mercator Projection
Plots the text "Mercator Projection" as 0.2 inch high characters at 3", 2"
[Contents]


Variables
Variables are names used to store one or more values. Instead of repeating these values in multiple places in tests, the variable will keep the results of a calculation, step execution, expression evaluation, or any other user-defined data.
VIVIDUS provides the following syntax to access variable value:
${variableName}
There are 2 types of variables:
 - regular - such variables are initialized and controlled by users;
 - dynamic - these variables are available out of the box and provided by VIVIDUS core and plugins, the values of such variables are calculated at the runtime (i.e. the same variables in different parts of tests may result in different values).
 Dynamic variables support both lower camel case (e.g. ${dynamicVariableName}) and lower hyphen case (e.g. ${dynamic-variable-name}) name formats.
Resolution
Whenever the variable placeholder is found in tests, VIVIDUS attempts to resolve it using the chain having the following order:
 - regular variables,
 - default value if it's specified in the variable placeholder,
 - system properties,
 - OS environment variables,
 - dynamic variables (keep in mind, if dynamic variable is available, but couldn't be resolved due to errors or conditions mismatch, the error message will be logged and variable will be kept unresolved).
If the end of chain is reached and the variable is not resolved, the variable placeholder will be kept as is: ${variableName}.
Regular variables
Scopes
Regular variables can have one of the following scopes.
The scopes names are case-insensitive.
Name Description
step
The scope is used within nested steps and the variables are invalidated after the nested steps are executed.
scenario
Variables are available in the rest of the scenario after variable declaration. scenario-scoped variables are invalidated once the scenario is completed.
story
Variables are available in the rest of the story after variable declaration. story-scoped variables declared inside given stories are available in the parent story. Variables are invalidated once the story is completed.
next_batches
Variables are available in the next batches. next_batches-scoped variable is not available in batch it's declared within.
batch
Such variables are declared only with batch-<batch-number>.variables. prefix and available throughout the execution of the batch in the suite. An attempt to create the batch-scoped variables during test execution leads to an error.
Example 1. Declaring batch variable locale
batch-1.variables.locale=/us/en/
batch-2.variables.locale=/uk/en/
Example 2. Using batch variable locale
Given I am on main application page
When I go to the relative URL '${locale}'
global
Such variables are declared only via properties with variables. prefix and available throughout the entire execution. An attempt to create the globally scoped variables during test execution leads to an error.
Example 3. Declaring global variable login-endpoint
variables.login-endpoint=_URL_
Example 4. Using global variable login-endpoint
Given request body:
{
 "username":"user",
 "password":"pass"
}
When I set request headers:
|name |value |
|Content-Type|application/json|
When I execute HTTP POST request for resource with URL '${login-endpoint}'
Then response code is equal to '200'
It is possible to reuse repeatable VIVIDUS expressions placeholders via global variables storage mechanism. Please mind that expression will be executed lazily at the runtime and randomizing/generating expressions may produce different results per usage.
Example 5. Declaring global variable with expression random-user
variables.random-user=#{anyOf(superadmin,admin)}
Example 6. Using global variable random-user
Given request body:
{
 "username":"${random-user}",
 "password":"pass"
}
When I set request headers:
|name |value |
|Content-Type|application/json|
When I execute HTTP POST request for resource with URL '/authenticate'
Then response code is equal to '200'
Resolution
Regular variables are resolved using the chain having the following order:
 - step-scoped variables,
 - scenario-scoped variables,
 - story-scoped variables,
 - next_batches-scoped variables,
 - batch-scoped variables,
 - global-scoped variables.
If variable is resolved, the resolution process is stopped, it means the narrower-scoped variables may override the wider-scoped variables in narrow scope lifetime. For example:
Example 7. Variables override mechanism
Scenario: First scenario
Given I initialize scenario variable 'var' with value 'scenario'
Given I initialize story variable 'var' with value 'story'
Then '${var}' is equal to 'scenario'
Scenario: Second scenario
Then '${var}' is equal to 'story'
var variable will be resolved to value scenario at the validation point in the first scenario, but it will be resolved to value story in the second scenario.
Default values
Reference to uninitialized variable can be resolved to default value using the operator : (colon).
Table 1. Examples of using default values
Reference to resolve Variable value Output
${var:default}
value
value
${var:default}
<uninitialized>
default
${var:}
<uninitialized>
<empty string>
${var:default:with:colons}
<uninitialized>
default:with:colons
${var[0]:default}
<uninitialized>
default
${var[0].key:default}
<uninitialized>
default
${var:#{generate(DungeonsAndDragons.alignments)}}
<uninitialized>
Chaotic Evil
${var:${var1}}
var - <uninitialized>, var1 - value
value
${var:${var1:}}
var - <uninitialized>, var1 - <uninitialized>
<empty string>
Example 8. Open either user specified page or default page
Scenario: Open page to be checked
Given I am on main application page
When the condition '#{eval('${optionalPathToCheck:/defaultPath}' != '/forbiddenPath')}' is true I do
|step |
|When I go to the relative URL '${optionalPathToCheck:/defaultPath}' |
Complex types variables
VIVIDUS provides the ability to work with not only primitive variables like numbers and strings but also supports complex types such as lists and maps.
Accessing values
 - Values from list variables can be accessed by index. For example, ${listVar[0]} returns the first value.
 - Values from map variables can be accessed by key. For instance, ${mapVar.key} returns the value associated with 'key'.
Working with tables
VIVIDUS provides the ability to store tables in variables. Tables should have a header and at least one row with values.
Table 2. Assuming we have the table below stored in the variable 'tableVar':
A B
A1
B1
A2
B2
To access specific cell values, specify the row and header key. Rows indexing starts from 0. * ${tableVar[0].A} returns the value from the first row of column A: A1. * ${tableVar[1].B} returns the value from the second row of column B: B2.


text:
University of Lugano, Advanced Learning and Research Institute
Who we are
USI-ALaRI (Advanced Learning and Research Institute, _URL_), an Institute of Università della Svizzera italiana (Lugano, Switzerland), was established in 1999 with the mission of pro-moting research and education in Embedded Systems Design. USI-ALARI was created as a joint initiative of a number of Universities, Research Centers and Companies. The main areas of the current research activities at USI-ALARI are: system specification, co-design and optimiza-tion of pervasive systems, design of robust security solutions, power-aware modeling and design for pervasive systems.
Considering the areas relevant to AlpStore, past and on-going activities by ALaRI include re-search on smart metering (developed already since 2002, as documented by a number of publi-cations) and, more recently research related to energy efficiency. The relevant related projects include project AlpEnergy (_URL_
) in the context of an InterReg Alpine Space programme and GeoGreen (_URL_
),an ongoing project in scope of SmartGrid ERA-Net programme. In these project, ALaRI tackles the problem of system-level modeling of power systems, starting from user requirements collection and their translation into system and functional requirements for subsequent definition of information flow and design of the actual ICT-based enabling technologies (i.e. embedded systems).
What we do in the project
In scope of AlpStore project USI-ALaRI contributes to:
- Analysis of present industrial and academic state-of-the-art solutions for efficient sta-tionary and mobile storages integration in power systems.
- Definition of system context, identification of stakeholders and their requirements. De-velopment of relevant scenarios (i.e. use cases).
- Adoption of system engineering process which facilitates end-user (energy producer, consumer, authorities) requirements and constraints collection, feasibility technical and business studies etc.
- Creation of a reference model of the supporting ICT infrastructure as a result of iterative process of system engineering approach integrating research findings and pilot best-practices achievements.
- Assessments of actual pilot implementations.
The modeling process (based on UML/SysML and possibly BPMN for commercial issues) takes into account technical but also local environment characteristics aiming at determination of in-formation flow/ ICT model in form of structural and behavioral models. These models would help in achieving efficient energy utilization, production/consumption balance, monitoring, and more-over facilitate assessments.
Università della Svizzera italiana - ALaRI
Via Buffi 13
Umberto Bondi, Program manger
Dr. Slobodan Lukovic, PostDoc


Short: Print spooler and switcher v1.0 Author: (Robert Wilson) Uploader: robert dynamix f9 co uk (Robert Wilson) Type: text/print Architecture: m68k-amigaos If you want to do any one or any combination of the following then you want PSpool ;-) * Print to a printer on your Samba network. For example a printer on your Linux, Win98 or WinNT box. * Print to several printers on your network or the printer connected to your Amiga's parallel port and switch between them all from a simple GUI. * Create profiles for your printer(s) and switch between the from a simple GUI. Profiles can contain and combination of standard Workbench and TurboPrint drivers. * Print to a file and select the destination file "on the fly" using a reqtools file requester. * Spool print data to a networked file share. Useful if running Acrobat Distiller on a Windows PC - print PostScript docs to a watched folder ;-) * Spool print data to a local device/drive. Useful if running GhostScript on the Amiga. Share the spool folder on your network and everyone can print to PS: device ;-) Copyright (C) 1999 Robert Wilson All rights reserved


English Français
Decision : 35 COM 8B.11
Natural Properties - Ogasawara Islands (Japan)
The World Heritage Committee,
2. Inscribes the Ogasawara Islands, Japan, on the World Heritage List under criterion (ix);
3. Adopts the following Statement of Outstanding Universal Value:
Brief synthesis
The Ogasawara Islands are located in the North-Western Pacific Ocean roughly 1,000 km south of the main Japanese Archipelago. The serial property is comprised of five components within an extension of about 400 km from north to south and includes more than 30 islands, clustered within three island groups of the Ogasawara Archipelago: Mukojima, Chichijima and Hahajima, plus an additional three individual islands: Kita-iwoto and Minami-iwoto of the Kazan group and the isolated Nishinoshima Island. These islands rest along the Izu-Ogasawara Arc Trench System. The property totals 7,939 ha comprising a terrestrial area of 6,358 ha and a marine area of 1,581 ha. Today only two of the islands within the property are inhabited, Chichijima and Hahajima.
The landscape is dominated by subtropical forest types and sclerophyllous shrublands surrounded by steep cliffs. There are more than 440 species of native vascular plants with exceptionally concentrated rates of endemism as high as 70% in woody plants. The islands are the habitat for more than 100 recorded native land snail species, over 90% of which are endemic to the islands.
The islands serve as an outstanding example of the ongoing evolutionary processes in oceanic island ecosystems, as evidenced by the high levels of endemism; speciation through adaptive radiation; evolution of marine species into terrestrial species; and their importance for the scientific study of such processes.
Criterion (ix): The property's ecosystems reflect a range of evolutionary processes illustrated through its rich assemblage of plant species from both a Southeast Asian and a Northeast Asian origin. There is also a very high percentage of endemic species in selected taxonomic groups, resulting from these evolutionary processes. Within the flora it is an important centre for active, ongoing speciation.
The Ogasawara Islands provide valuable evidence of evolutionary processes through their significant on-going ecological processes of adaptive radiation in the evolution of the land snail fauna as well as in their endemic plant species. The examples of fine-scale adaptive radiation between and sometimes within the different islands of the archipelago are central to the study and understanding of speciation and ecological diversification. This is further enhanced by the relatively low extinction rates in taxa such as the land snails.
It is the combination of both the concentration of endemism and extent of adaptive radiation evident in the Ogasawara Islands which sets the property apart from other places illustrating evolutionary processes. When taking into account their small area, the Ogasawara Islands show exceptionally high levels of endemism in land snails and vascular plants.
The boundaries of the serial property cover the key values of the property and are well designed. The zonation and the legal protection provide an appropriate framework, while the boundaries of Ogasawara National Park serve as a functional overall buffer zone. Marine protected areas are partly included, contributing to more effective management of the terrestrial-marine interface and thus integrity. Integrity issues are mostly related to external threats, most importantly invasive alien species. The effects of invasive alien species and historic logging have already altered many of the archipelago's habitats. Future invasions have the potential to compromise the very values the Ogasawara Islands have been recognized for and therefore need careful and continuous attention. Possible future air access, as well as increased visitation and corresponding development potentially have strong and even irreversible effects in a fragile island environment. Control of access to the islands and of alien invasive species, two in part overlapping issues, is of critical importance for the conservation of the archipelago.
Protection and management requirements
The majority of the property is state-owned and under the authority of various agencies. Some land is owned by Ogasawara Village with some other areas privately owned. The property contains five legally designated categories of protected area managed by three national Government agencies and is surrounded by the much larger Ogasawara National Park serving as a functional buffer zone. The property is protected through seven pieces of national legislation which overlap in jurisdiction and objectives specifying the mandate of the Ministry of the Environment, the Forestry Agency and the Cultural Agency. Any jurisdictional conflicts are resolved through an interagency Regional Liaison Committee structure.
The 2010 multi-agency Ogasawara Islands Management Plan and companion Ogasawara Islands Ecosystem Conservation Action Plan cover a wide area of 129,360 ha and include controls beyond the property such as ship navigation routes. The plans deal with critical issues such as access to the islands and control of alien invasive species. Management activities are detailed for the different island groups within the property with clear coordination mechanisms and monitoring plans prescribed. The plan is based on scientific knowledge and includes timetabled and prioritized actions.
The property benefits from strong links and dialogue between researchers, managers and community. Particularly commendable is the role of the Scientific Council and the approach to research which is adaptive and management-oriented. Local involvement and the maintenance of community benefits are crucial elements in the management of this remote archipelago.
4. Commends the State Party on the major and increasing conservation investments evident in the nomination, a high level of community participation, the multi-agency approach taken and the decision to increase the marine area of the property during the nomination process;
 5. Requests the State Party to:
a) Continue its efforts to address invasive alien species;
b) Ensure all significant infrastructure development, including for tourism and access to the islands, is subject to rigorous prior environmental impact assessment;
6. Strongly encourages the State Party to:
a) Consider further expansion of the property's Marine Park Zones to facilitate more effective management and thereby enhance the integrity of the marine-terrestrial ecosystem dynamic,
b) Develop and implement a research and monitoring programme to assess and adapt to the impacts of climate change on the property,
c) Ensure careful tourism management in anticipation of increased future visitation and, in particular, to strengthen the Ogasawara Ecotourism Council integrating the Scientific Council as a member of the Ogasawara Ecotourism Council and advising on appropriate tourism policies that protect the island's values,
d) Ensure careful regulation and incentivization of commercial operators to manage visitor impacts, including through mandatory requirements and certification incentives for tourism operators.
Themes: Inscriptions on the World Heritage List
States Parties: Japan
Properties: Ogasawara Islands
Year: 2011
Decision Code: 35 COM 8B.11


text:
I want to show a multi-overlap using a button but the overlap does not appear.
Check the following points:
- Multi-overlap (icon) is not place on the screen.
- Multi-overlap setting (icon) is not correct.
- Macro commands are not correct.
- To show multi-overlap using PLC command, please click here.
- To show multi-overlap using macro command, please click here.
- Go to [Home] or [Parts] > [Multi-overlap] and place a multi-overlap icon.
This icon still works when you place it outside editing area of the screen.
- Double-click the multi-overlap icon and check the overlap ID setting in the [Operation Select] dialog box.
Double-click a switch and set the same ID number as the ID checked in the multi-overlap icon.
- Double-click the multi-overlap icon and select [Multi] from [Overlap Setting] and [Switch] from [Display Method].
- Double-click a switch and set the [Function] to [Overlap Control], check [Set Display No.] option box, and enter the overlap library number you wish to call.
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Classi-Compare of Raster Satellite Images – Before and After
August 13, 2013
For my research on the effect of power outages on fertility , we study a period of extensive power rationing that lasted for almost a whole year and affected most of Latin America, but in particular, it affected Colombia. The key difficult was to determine which areas were exposed to the power-outage and the extent to which this was the case. This is not straightforward, since there does not exist householdor even municipality level consumption data.
But here is how R and Satellite Data can help. In particular, we study the night light series obtained from the Defense Meterological Sattelite Program, which has been discussed by Jeffrey before.
We simply look for abnormal variation in municipality level light-emitting intensity from 1992 to 1993.
Here is some code that generates some Raster-Maps using the package rasterVis, and uses jQuery to generate a fancy before and after comparison to highlight the year-on-year changes in light intensity of 1992 compared to 1993.
###load the raster images
f151 = raster(tif)
f152 = raster(tif)
##crop a smaller window to plot
e = extent(-78,-72,2,8)
_TAG_ = extent(-80,-78,-4.6,-2)
rn= crop(f151, e)
rn2= crop(f152, e)
### do a logarithmic transformation to highlight places that receive not much, but some light.
p <- levelplot(rn, layers=1, margin=FALSE,col.regions = gray(0:100/100))
p + layer(sp.polygons(COLPOB, lwd=.25, linetype=2, col='darkgray'))
p <- levelplot(rn2, layers=1, margin=FALSE,col.regions = gray(0:100/100))
Now with this together, you can create a fancy slider as I have seen on KFOR -- comparing satellite pictures of towns before and after a tornado went through them.
The code is essentially just borrowed from that TV station and it loads the javascript from their server; it is essentially just a clever use of jQuery and is maybe something that could or is already implemented in an R reporting package? Do you know of such a function?
Anyways, all you need is a slider.html page that contains the code referring to the two picture sources; the code is simple:

 .sample1 {width:725px; height:725px;}.sample2 {width:725px; height:725px;}.sample3 {width:725px; height:725px;}

This is how it looks -- I know the stuff is not perfectly aligned, partly because when cropping the picture I made a mistake and could not be bothered with fixing it.
Have fun!
Comments are closed.


text:
Diagnostics of Industrial PC
Area of application
SIMATIC Industrial PCs are rugged industrial PCs for automation solutions in 24/7 operations. Due to their high system availability, they are used in SIMATIC PCS 7 PCS 7 Distributed Control Systems as operator or maintenance stations and also as engineering stations or OPC servers.
The SIMATIC PC DiagMonitor supports fast detection and efficient avoidance of potential system failures:
Design and function
The SIMATIC PC DiagMonitor and signaling software recognizes possible hardware and software faults at an early point in time, and provides corresponding messages to the Maintenance Station.
All SIMATIC Industrial PCs of a production plant can be centrally monitored using the DiagMonitor software. Using the integrated web server, data can be read and managed using an Internet browser. Efficient service structures can be established by integrating automated communications facilities, e.g. using Ethernet, e-mail or SMS (phone).
The SIMATIC PC DiagMonitor reports the operating data of the monitored PCs by generating text messages. It transmits them to the SNMP OPC server and outputs them in the associated asset faceplate on the maintenance station.
Complete Maintenance Life Cycle of Industrial PC:


text:
Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art presents 8–12 exhibitions per year in the Charlotte Crosby Kemper Gallery, the Barbara & Paul Uhlmann Gallery, and the Kemper East Gallery. The Museum curates exhibitions from its Permanent Collection and of the work of emerging, midcareer, and established artists.
Abstracted Wonders: The Power of Lines presents a selection of abstract works from Kemper Museum's Permanent Collection. The featured artists employ artistic approaches from kinetic art, geometric abstraction, Color Field, and Op (optical) art. Geometry and patterns in geography like those made by land and water inform horizontal, vertical, and perpendicular lines in these two- and three-dimensional works.
Kemper Museum presents a major exhibition of works by internationally-renowned New York-based artist Polly Apfelbaum (American, born 1955). Featuring textiles, ceramics, and works on paper, Apfelbaum's artistic practice branches out into broader social and historical contexts, and is situated in the legacy of post-war American art. She is best known for expansive polychromatic installations, which coalesce the radical and the beautiful, simultaneously domestic and irreverent.