View on
MetaCPAN
search.cpan.org is shutting down
For details read Perl NOC. After June 25th this page will redirect to MetaCPAN.org
Tony G. Rose > HTML-Summary-0.017 > HTML::Summary
Download:
HTML-Summary-0.017.tar.gz
Dependencies
Annotate this POD (1)
CPAN RT
New 2
Open 0
View/Report Bugs
Module Version: 0.017 Source Latest Release: HTML-Summary-0.022
NAME ^
HTML::Summary - module for generating a summary from a web page.
SYNOPSIS ^
 use HTML::Summary;
 use HTML::TreeBuilder;
 my $tree = new HTML::TreeBuilder;
 $tree->parse( $document );
 my $summarizer = new HTML::Summary(
 LENGTH => 200,
 USE_META => 1,
 );
 $summary = $summarizer->generate( $tree );
 $summarizer->option( 'USE_META' => 1 );
 $length = $summarizer->option( 'LENGTH' );
 if ( $summarizer->meta_used( ) )
 {
 do something
 }
DESCRIPTION ^
The HTML::Summary module produces summaries from the textual content of web pages. It does so using the location heuristic, which determines the value of a given sentence based on its position and status within the document; for example, headings, section titles and opening paragraph sentences may be favoured over other textual content. A LENGTH option can be used to restrict the length of the summary produced.
CONSTRUCTOR ^
new( $attr1 => $value1 [, $attr2 => $value2 ] )
Possible attributes are:
VERBOSE
Generate verbose messages to STDERR.
LENGTH
Maximum length of summary (in bytes). Default is 500.
USE_META
Flag to tell summarizer whether to use the content of the <META> tag in the page header, if one is present, instead of generating a summary from the body text. Note that if the USE_META flag is set, this overrides the LENGTH flag - in other words, the summary provided by the <META> tag is returned in full, even if it is greater than LENGTH bytes. Default is 0 (no).
 my $summarizer = new HTML::Summary LENGTH => 200;
METHODS ^
option( )
Get / set HTML::Summary configuration options.
 my $length = $summarizer->option( 'LENGTH' );
 $summarizer->option( 'USE_META' => 1 );
generate( $tree )
Takes an HTML::Element object, and generates a summary from it.
 my $tree = new HTML::TreeBuilder;
 $tree->parse( $document );
 my $summary = $summarizer->generate( $tree );
meta_used( )
Returns 1 if the META tag description was used to generate the summary.
 if ( $summarizer->meta_used() )
 {
 # do something ...
 }
SEE ALSO ^
 HTML::TreeBuilder
 Text::Sentence
 Lingua::JA::Jcode
 Lingua::JA::Jtruncate
AUTHORS ^
 Ave Wrigley <_EMAIL_>
 Tony Rose <_EMAIL_>
 Neil Bowers <_EMAIL_>
COPYRIGHT ^
Copyright (c) 1997 Canon Research Centre Europe (CRE). All rights reserved. This script and any associated documentation or files cannot be distributed outside of CRE without express prior permission from CRE.
syntax highlighting:


Server-Side Pagination Using Angular 8 and Node.js
Server-Side Pagination Using Angular 8 and Node.js
You'll learn how to implement server-side pagination in Angular 8 with a Node.js backend API.
Server-side pagination is very useful when we are dealing with huge amounts of data. When there's a lot of data, client-side pagination will take a long time to get all the data to the same time, so it's better to make a server call on every page request.
This is a simple example of how to implement server-side pagination in Angular 8 with a Node.js backend API.
The example contains a hard coded array of 150 objects split into 30 pages (5 items per page) to demonstrate how the pagination logic works. Styling of the example is done with Bootstrap 4.
Running the Angular + Node Pagination Example Locally
 1. Install NodeJS and NPM from _URL_
 2. Download or clone the tutorial project source code from _URL_
 3. Install required npm packages of the backend Node API by running the npm install command in the /server folder.
 4. Start the backend Node API by running npm start in the /server folder, this will start the API on the URL http://localhost:4000.
 5. Install required npm packages of the frontend Angular app by running the npm install command in the /client folder.
 6. Start the Angular frontend app by running npm start in the /client folder, this will build the app with webpack and automatically launch it in a browser on the URL http://localhost:8080.
Server-Side (Node.js) Pagination Logic
Pagination is handled by the backend Node API with the help of the jw-paginate npm package.
Below is the code for the paged items route (/api/items) in the node server file (/server/server.js) in the example, it creates a hardcoded list of 150 items to be paged, in a real application you would replace this with real data (e.g. from a database). The route accepts an optional page parameter in the url query string, if the parameter isn't set it defaults to the first page.
The paginate() function is from the jw-paginate package and accepts the following parameters:
 - totalItems (required) - the total number of items to be paged
 - currentPage (optional) - the current active page, defaults to the first page
 - pageSize (optional) - the number of items per page, defaults to 10
 - maxPages (optional) - the maximum number of page navigation links to display, defaults to 10
The output of the paginate function is a pager object containing all the information needed to get the current pageOfItems out of the items array, and to display the pagination controls in the Angular frontend, including:
 - startIndex - the index of the first item of the current page (e.g. 0)
 - endIndex - the index of the last item of the current page (e.g. 9)
 - pages - the array of page numbers to display (e.g. [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ])
 - currentPage - the current active page (e.g. 1)
 - totalPages - the total number of pages (e.g. 30)
I've set the pageSize to 5 in the CodeSandbox example above so the pagination links aren't hidden below the terminal console when the container starts up. In the code on GitHub I didn't set the page size so the default 10 items are displayed per page in that version.
The current pageOfItems is extracted from the items array using the startIndex and endIndex from the pager object. The route then returns the pager object and current page of items in a JSON response.
// paged items route
app.get('/api/items', (req, res, next) => {
 // example array of 150 items to be paged
 const items = [...Array(150).keys()].map(i => ({ id: (i + 1), name: 'Item ' + (i + 1) }));
 // get page from query params or default to first page
 const page = parseInt(req.query.page) || 1;
 // get pager object for specified page
 const pageSize = 5;
 const pager = paginate(items.length, page, pageSize);
 // get page of items from items array
 const pageOfItems = items.slice(pager.startIndex, pager.endIndex + 1);
 // return pager object and current page of items
 return res.json({ pager, pageOfItems });
});
Client-Side (Angular 8) Pagination Components
Since the pagination logic is handled on the server, the only thing the Angular client needs to do is fetch the pager information and current page of items from the backend, and display them to the user.
Angular App Component
Below is the Angular app component (/client/src/app/app.component.ts) from the example. The setPage() method fetches the pager object and pageOfItems for the specified page from the backend API with an HTTP request, and the constructor() sets the initial page to 1 when the component first loads.
import { Component } from '@angular/core';
import { HttpClient } from '@angular/common/http';
@Component({ selector: 'app', templateUrl: 'app.component.html' })
export class AppComponent {
 pager = {};
 pageOfItems = [];
 constructor(private http: HttpClient) {
 // start on page 1
 this.setPage(1);
 }
 setPage(page: number) {
 // get new pager object and page of items from the api
 this.http.get('/api/items?page=${page}')
 .subscribe(response => {
 this.pager = response.pager;
 this.pageOfItems = response.pageOfItems;
 });
 }
}
Angular App Component Template
The app component template (/client/src/app/app.component.html) renders the current page of items as a list of divs with the *ngFor directive, and renders the pagination controls using the data from the pager object.
The CSS classes used are all part of Bootstrap 4.3, for more info see _URL_

Angular 8 + Node - Server Side Pagination Example

{{item.name}}

 First

 Previous

 {{page}}

 Next

 Last

The tutorial code is


text:
New NASA Program Funds Universities To Boost High School Students' Interest In STEM
NASA is funding four institutions to develop immersive learning experiences intended to develop STEM … [+]
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is awarding more than $4 million to four institutions across the US to spark interest in science-technology-engineering-math (STEM) subjects among middle and high school students who are traditionally underserved and underrepresented in STEM fields.
The new Space Grant K-12 Inclusiveness and Diversity in STEM (SG KIDS) program is intended to help students understand they can thrive in STEM subjects, building their confidence that they can successfully pursue STEM degrees and careers.
SG KIDS is a pilot program funded through NASA's National Space Grant and Fellowship Project. Space Grant is a national network of colleges and universities working with affiliated organizations and institutions to expand opportunities for students to participate in NASA's aeronautics and space initiatives. In fiscal year 2021, Space Grant awarded $44.5 million in grants to institutions across the 52 Space Grant Consortia located in each of the 50 states, Washington, DC and Puerto Rico.
The grants will enable the recipients to create regional STEM engagement projects for students not only in their home states but also for students residing in other states.
"Through Space Grant KIDS, we've asked the nation's Space Grant consortia to deploy educational activities across state lines to share the excitement of NASA and STEM with students who otherwise might not have that opportunity," said Mike Kincaid, NASA's associate administrator for the Office of STEM Engagement, which administers NASA Space Grant. "We're looking forward to seeing how these regional partnerships will make a lasting difference for the Artemis Generation."
SG KIDS is also a response to a 2021 White House Executive Order on Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government. In addition, it addresses NASA Administrator Bill Nelson's focus on expanding STEM opportunities for K-12 students.
According to NASA's press release, "the projects funded under SG KIDS will provide students with hands-on experiences and lessons that bring NASA's missions to life, provide training and resources to the educators teaching those students, and boost the STEM ecosystem in these regions. "
Each of the following four grant recipients will receive approximately $1,050,000 to put their proposals into action during the next three years.
Old Dominion University Research Foundation, Norfolk, Virginia
The NASA Space Grant Plant the Moon Challenge will give students hands-on planetary science experience as they design experiments to grow plants in a simulated lunar soil.
Partners include the Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, and Puerto Rico Space Grant Consortia, as well as the Institute for Competition Sciences.
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta
The Inspiring NASAs Next Generation through Building, Coding, and Machine Learning Missions (NASA ML-Bots) will give middle- and high-school students in Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, and Tennessee firsthand experience in machine learning and artificial intelligence as they design and Maneuver a robotic rover through an obstacle course.
Partners include the Alabama Space Grant Consortium; University of Tennessee Chattanooga; Morehouse College and the Atlanta University Center; Mercer University in Macon, Georgia; and the Hines Family Foundation.
Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland
The Stepping Stars: A Multi-State Middle and High School Space Grant STEM Engagement Project will introduce middle and high school students to the concepts of biomimicry, an approach that aims to take natural selection solutions that have evolved in nature and translate them into principles and applications of human engineering
Partners include the Ohio, New York, and Nebraska Space Grant Consortia, as well as Akron Zoo, Girl Scouts of North East Ohio, Ithaca Sciencenter, the Nebraska Department of Education, and Nebraska's 21st Century Community Learning Centers.
University of Texas at Austin
Space Teams Labs: Engaging, Inspiring, and Training a Diverse and Inclusive Future STEM Workforce will immerse students in high-fidelity, interactive space mission activities using virtual reality technology. The project aims to provide and install hardware and software for at least 50 Space Team Labs in schools, museums, youth centers, universities, and other locations in Texas, New Mexico and Louisiana.
The SG Kids program was also highlighted by the White House on Friday as part of the second convening of the National Space Council Meeting with Vice President Harris.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Virgin Galactic unveils supersonic jet for commercial flights
Image credit: virgin galactic
Virgin Galactic has announced it is working with Rolls-Royce to develop an aircraft that can travel at Mach 3, or three times the speed of sound.
The firm, founded by billionaire Richard Branson, says its new generation of high-speed aircraft will be environmentally sustainable with a focus on "customer experience".
It will be the first commercial aircraft capable of supersonic flight since the Concorde programme was retired in 2003 but will only have capacity for 9 to 19 people compared to the Concorde's 100-passenger capacity.
Virgin said it will use "state-of-the-art" sustainable aviation fuel and is adopting environmentally friendly design practices right from the get-go.
The engineering team are currently determining which materials to use in the design and manufacturing of the aircraft and are working on key challenges including thermal management, maintenance, noise, emissions, and economics that routine high speed commercial flights would entail.
During flight the aircraft will reach altitudes as high as 60,000 feet, more than 50 per cent higher than the average cruising height of commercial airliners, but it is designed to land and take off from existing airports like any other passenger plane.
The US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is also working with Virgin Galactic to outline a certification framework, said George Whitesides, chief space officer at Virgin Galactic.
He said: "We are pleased to collaborate with the innovative team at Rolls-Royce as we strive to develop sustainable, cutting-edge propulsion systems for the aircraft, and we are pleased to be working with the FAA to ensure our designs can make a practical impact from the start.
"We have made great progress so far, and we look forward to opening up a new frontier in high-speed travel."
The new aircraft follows last week's unveiling of the interior design for Virgin Galactic's spacefaring aircraft.
The company confirmed yesterday that Branson himself would be flying into space in the aircraft early next year assuming that two upcoming test-flight programmes go as planned.
Sign up to the E&T News e-mail to get great stories like this delivered to your inbox every day.


Animal claws, human nails, hair, growth, degradation and the misc of it (phew!)
Posted on February 20, 2008. Filed under: Uncategorized |
Get answers on:
– Animals have claws, why do humans have nails?
– What are nails made up of?
– Are nails and hair degradable?
– How quickly does your hair grow?
– Why do we have hair on our body?
– What does actually happen when your hair turns grey/ white?
all this and lots more…
First, on why we have nails…
Without nails, wouldn't you have a hard time scratching an itch… or untying a knot… you may have to bite your fingers to relieve tension! As for the claws… can you visualize a tiger tearing its prey apart with nails.. or a falcon diving and clutching its prey with nails? Just doesn't seem right, does it? Thats why humans have nails and animals don't.
Technically, a nail is similar to a claw, but with a curved edge. A nail that is big enough to bear weight is called a 'hoof.' True claws — found in reptiles, birds, and mammals — consist of a dorsal scalelike plate (unguis) covering a ventral plate (subunguis), the whole capping the bony tip of a digit. Nails—found only in mammals—consist of a broad and flattened unguis, with the subunguis reduced to a vestige under the outer tip.
Much like the tail, the claw in apes was no longer necessary as other appendages evolved better so claws disappeared over a period of time. The debate is on whether nails or claws were present on the digits of the last common ancestor of living primates.
—-
Did you know: Nail tools used by different people in salons may transmit infections. They may spread nail fungi, staph bacteria or viruses. In fact, over 100 bacterial skin infections in 2000 were traced to footbaths in nail salons. To avoid this, new improved contactless tools can be used, for example, gel and cream cuticle removers instead of cuticle scissors.
One gesture common in the West is to breathe on one's fingernails, then polish them on one's clothing. This means either "I have done something really good" or "you are so boring I am polishing my nails rather than listen to you."
—-
Everything else about nails:
Nails are made up of a tough protein called Keratin and are produced from living skin cells in the fingers and toes. The free edge is the part of the nail that extends past the finger, beyond the nail plate. There are no nerve endings in the nail – this is the growing part of the nail still under the skin at the nail's proximal end.
Nails grow at an average rate of 3 millimetres a month. Fingernails require 3 to 6 months to regrow completely. Toenails require 12 to 18 months. Actual growth rate is dependent upon age, season, exercise level, and hereditary factors. Contrary to popular belief, nails do not continue to grow after death; the skin dehydrates and tightens, making the nails (and hair) appear to grow.
—-
Hair today… gone tomorrow?
Hair is present in differing degrees on all mammals, and its most important function in those other than human is to conserve body heat by insulating against cold. Humans are the most hairless of all mammals, and yet hair occupies a central place in human development and sense of self. Whether it is the gradual decrease of hair leading to male baldness, the loss of pigment leading to white or grey hairs and signalling the onset of middle age, or the adolescent desire for the pubic hair that signals approaching adulthood, hair often tells others something about our place in culture.
Some people think that a big shock or trauma can turn a person's hair white or gray overnight, but scientists don't really believe that this happens. Just in case, try not to freak out your parents too much. You don't want to be blamed for any of their gray hairs!
On the scalp, where hair is usually densest and longest, the average total number of hairs is between 100 000 and 150 000. Human hair grows at a rate of 10-13 mm/month.
As for the degradation, yes… all human parts degrade. If that wasn't the case, wouldn't we be left with our ancestor nails and hair in bulk? Not an appealing picture.
Hair is not an easily degradable substance; there are instances of hair being found that is thousands of years old (i.e. Egyptian mummies) The hair shafts may also store certain poisons for years, even decades, after death. In the case of Col. Lafayette Baker, who died July 3, 1868, use of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer showed the man was killed by white arsenic. The prime suspect was Wally Pollack, Baker's brother-in-law. According to Dr. Ray A. Neff, Pollack had laced Baker's beer with it over a period of months, and a century or so later minute traces of arsenic showed up in the dead man's hair. Mrs. Baker's diary seems to confirm that it was indeed arsenic, as she writes of how she found some vials of it inside her brother's suitcoat one day.
Hair survives in diverse archaeological environments, yet it is not found universally. The fact that hair degrades means that the complex interaction of hair with its depositional environment must be considered. The tip and root ends of the fibres are more prone to degradative change. Keratin, which is the primary element in hair and nail undergoes slow degradation depending on the environment it is exposed to.
Hairy-scary
– It is believed that one should be particularly careful in the disposal of hair after cutting or brushing, as such removable parts of the body can be used in witchcraft against you. Birds must also be prevented from using your hair to make their nests, as this would mean a headache, or if a magpie, death within a year, so the only safe method of disposal is to burn it.
– A belief reported from the 17th century to the present day is that if a person's hair grows into a low point over the forehead, like a peak, she/he will be widowed soon—hence the name 'Widow's peak'.
-Schoolchildren had a particularly useful belief: if you place a single hair across the palm of your hand, it will split the cane with which you are being chastised, or at least it will considerably lessen the pain felt
– It is believed that if you swallow a long strand of hair, it will entwine around your heart and kill you!
– Red-haired people were considered unreliable and hot-tempered. Red-haired children were sometimes quoted as evidence of their mother's infidelity.
Did you know: There is even a school of character reading from the hair, known as trichsomancy.
In Hindu culture, it is believed that the base of the hair shaft contains certain hormones that stimulate the opposite sex. This, combined with the notion that the woman's hair is the most attractive part of her body, was the reason behind tonsuring (shaving) of a woman after her husband's death, so that no person would be attracted to her and thereby secure her chastity. This is the reason why the son tonsures his head after his parents' death, it instills a sense of detachment from worldly pleasures in him for the duration of mourning.
Advertisements
Make a Comment
Leave a Reply
Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in:
WordPress.com Logo
You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Log Out / Change )
Twitter picture
You are commenting using your Twitter account. Log Out / Change )
Facebook photo
You are commenting using your Facebook account. Log Out / Change )
Google+ photo
You are commenting using your Google+ account. Log Out / Change )
Connecting to %s
2 Responses to "Animal claws, human nails, hair, growth, degradation and the misc of it (phew!)"
RSS Feed for Curiosity kills Comments RSS Feed
ALL YOU EVER NEED TO KNOW ABOUT HAIR & NAILS
SAVE FOR THE DIFFERENCE IN ASIAN, CAUC. &
INDIAN AND/OR LATIN, S. AMERICAN, ETC…
UCHC
Thank you, I have recently been searching for information about this topic for ages and yours is the best I have discovered so far
Where's The Comment Form?
Liked it here?
Why not try sites on the blogroll...
%d bloggers like this:


text:
Unlocking Growth: Exploring the Dynamics and Benefits of Venture Debt Financing for Innovative Startups and Emerging Businesses
Venture debt financing is the best solution for startups looking to get funding in today's competitive economic environment.
While equity financing and traditional business loans have been the fundamental sources of startup funding, this solution offers an alternative financing mechanism that doesn't require a steady flow of income or a good credit score.
Based on the data, an average startup's venture debt is:
Venture debt is a specially designed financial tool for high-growth startups and fintech software development companies that consider their unique situation and needs. Traditional loans focus on a company's financial health, but venture debt is all about a startup's growth and the support from venture capitalists (VCs).
Ever wondered why? It's because venture debt depends on the trajectory of your startup and the backing it gets from VCs. So, it's not just about the numbers; it's about the journey and the investors cheering you on.
Read on to learn about venture debt financing and decide whether it's right for your startup.
Venture debt is a kind of debt funding for startups with venture capital backing and high-growth potential. It is used by startups between equity rounds or to supplement equity financing.
Did you know that the structure of venture debt financing can vary across different models? It's interesting to note that, generally, it takes the form of a term loan involving interest payments and warrants. Let's explore these unique features and understand how they contribute to the dynamics of venture debt financing models.
Venture debt is secured against equity warrants, future revenues, or the startup's intellectual property. As a result, it's a more accessible choice for startups and small businesses that might not have a proven track record of generating revenue or valuable assets.
Notably, the lenders consider venture capital a source of validation and the primary criteria for venture debt financing.
With the immense costs of starting a company, startups are always concerned with financing their venture's growth. While traditional financing is an option, they often find it difficult to meet its rigid terms and conditions – turning towards equity investors instead.
However, founders aren't always able to give up more ownership of their company, which is where venture debt financing comes to the scene. The various features of venture debt financing that benefit new-age businesses include:
Like venture capital, venture debt financing offers a revenue boost to a startup to accelerate its growth and expand operating runaway. However, there are also some important differences between both.
Understanding them is a must to develop a proper capital structure for your company. Let's explore the three key differences between venture capital and venture debt.
A point to note, however, is that venture debt often includes a nominal warrant position, which can impact ownership of a company if exercised.
Venture debt is a powerful financial instrument for early-stage businesses, but it's not a one-size-fits-all solution. The decision to choose venture debt should be taken after carefully evaluating the startup's unique situation, financial position, and growth goals alongside the venture debt lender.
To be on the safe side, make sure to keep these points in mind when opting for venture debt financing:
Before looking for venture lenders, examine your startup's cash flow vs profit, existing liabilities, and burn rate. A healthy financial position means your company can manage additional debt and related interest. But if your startup is already facing liabilities or has a high burn rate, taking venture debt might be the wrong choice.
Furthermore, understand the pros and cons of venture debt before making any decision.
Once you've decided to opt for venture debt, identify reputable venture debt lenders that cater to companies in your industry or during your growth stage. Venture lenders can comprise venture debt firms, specialized banks, or other financial institutions. You can also explore some of the best finance apps to secure venture debt for your business.
While they may not have a stay in your business, venture lenders are still a valuable asset to your company. Good lenders can provide valuable support to startups. This includes specialized financial advice, insights into your industry, investment and payment solutions. Additionally, they offer networking assistance, complementing the support provided by your investors. So, choose the right venture debt lender for your startup success.
Once you've shortlisted some potential venture lenders, contact them to understand their terms, interest rates, and other conditions. Familiarize yourself with their approval process to determine how they get their deals done.
Also, after your initial assessment is done and you have made a choice by selecting a lender, try to negotiate the loan terms. This will include the interest rate, the principal amount, loan repayment tenure, and any equity warrants or other conditions.
When the terms are agreed upon, both parties sign a formal agreement, after which the loan amount is sanctioned.
When meeting a potential lender and agreeing to its terms, an important point to consider is involving an experienced legal firm in venture debt. Venture debt comes with tricky terms and conditions. Lenders have a robust set of legal remedies they can use to assess their rights and recover every penny they invested.
For instance, certain differences in the types of defaults might trigger the loan to be immediately due. Here, an experienced counsel will help protect the startup and ensure it is safely positioned when things go wrong. They can also guide them through the terms and conditions of venture debt, helping them make an informed choice.
Sometimes, venture debt lenders have complained that startups didn't openly share their business situations. They did not provide essential information such as their cash burn or the loss of a significant contract. It's important to note that hiding from your lender will not help your startup.
In fact, withholding information can hamper your reputation and push lenders to apply assertive actions to recover the loan amount.
Because there are ways to restructure debt, it is essential for a company's benefit to treat its lenders fairly. Also, since most venture debt lenders act as strategic partners offering the right advice to boost growth and capital, it's best to be on their good side for startups.
Venture debt lenders perform a critical assessment of the company before deciding whether to provide financing or not. They consider certain
important parameters related to the startup and its industry to arrive at a decision. These include:
Some business-related parameters venture lenders check for include:
In addition to business, the lenders also give equal importance to operation parameters such as:
Most lenders also check the recent equity raise of the startup. As such, the company must have an existing cash runway, which should be more than 12 months before reaching out to a venture debt lender. The ideal time to opt for venture debt is after the venture capital equity is raised.
Venture debt is a powerful tool for a startup to accelerate performance and improve business revenue. It has many benefits and offers a less dilutive way to acquire capital and achieve milestones. Additionally, venture debt allows the company to use the amount for various business needs, including purchasing equipment, working capital, or hiring new employees.
However, accessing venture debt is not without risks. As a result, companies must be realistic and carefully consider their options and potential risks and rewards of venture debt before making any decision.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
SEED PROCESSING LAB EQUIPMENTS
Seed Treater 6786
In Order to apply liquid fungicide and insecticide on the outer surface of the seeds, Seed Treater is used.SPECIAL FEATURES
- Uniform seed treatment.
- No damage of seed or untreated seed that reduces crop performance.
- sealed treatment of seeds eliminates operator chemical contact or wind blown exposure
- Seed treatment is either in the container, or on the seed.
- High pressure pump working on the principal of Electro Motive Force.
- Dosing quantity and frequency of dosing of chemical can be varied by simply turning respective knobs of the pump fitted on control panel.
- The seed mixing drum and pre-mix tank are made of stainless steel.
- The mixing drum rests on external bearings to facilitate cleaning.
- Capacity: 110-120 liters
- Mix and treat supply unit should have a built in product transfer function.
- Can transfer product directly from bulk drums or totes to the product storage tanks.
- Units can be configured with optional double shoot insert to allow sequential product application without tank mixing products.
- Capable of treating a full tandem load of seed (500 ) in ten minutes.
- All product transfer is done in a closed loop system reducing exposure
The Indosaw debearder ideal for research with difficult seeds and requirements for rapid cleaning of many samples. The debearder is used for preliminary treatment of wheat, barley and oats. It removes awns, beards, glumes and other appendages that make them difficult to handle in processing. It is suitable for removing clusters in tomato seeds, dehusking of carrot seeds, etc. Consists of low speed spindle with brushes in a closed housing feeding hopper with regulated gate and discharge spout.SPECIFICATIONS :
- Capacity : 100 Kg/Hrs (on wheat basis)
- Operating Voltage : 220V Single Phase/50 Hz AC
- Blower Motor : 1 HP, Single Phase, 2810 rpm
Indent Cylinder Separator 6844
The laboratory indent cylinder separator is used for length sizing and features one interchangeable cylinder, variable speed cylinder drive and two collection trays. The equipment is supplied with one cylinder. The equipment is rated at 100 kg (approx.) per hour continuous cleaning capacity based on wheat. The cylinder is 40 cm(approx.) in diameter and 50 cm(approx.) long.SPECIFICATIONS :
- Construction : CNC machining for fabrication of all metal component.
- Dimensions with stand : 144 cm H x 68 cm W x 107 cm D ( approx.)
- Cleaning capacity : 100 kg/h (based on wheat)
- Cylinder size : 40 cm (Diameter) x 50 cm(Length)
- Operating Voltage : 220V,50Hz Single phase AC
- Motor for cylinder : 90W, 3Phase (Built in AC drive)
Gravity Separator Lab Model 6838SPECIFICATIONS :
- Gravity Separator separates seeds into different fractions
on the basis of specific gravity of the material.
- Cleaning Capacity :100 kg/h (wheat basis)
- Deck is Interchangeable.
Seed Treater Model 67001EM
This machine is with a sturdy stand, with its rotating mixing drum operated by motor as well as manually by virtue of a manual drive, when there is a power cut,gives you an unparalleled advantage of working without a break and effectively giving a perfect treatment to the seeds be it dry powder or wet chemicals. The rotating drum made of stainless steel makes it resistant to corrosive nature of treatment chemicals.SPECIFICATIONS:
- Capacity: 60 kg/batch
- Motor: 0.5 to 1 HP Single Phase 220V AC 50 Hz / Manual drive
- Construction: Heavy duty angle frame with thick Stainless steel rotating drum having fins for effective mixing and removing the treated seeds.
- Stand: Mild Steel having heavy duty angle iron with motor mounting and 2 pulleys and belt to run on electricity and rotating handle to operate manually.
- Over all Dimensions: 125cmX60cmX150cm (Length x Width X Height) approx


text:
For this term teachers in the Year 7 team have attempted to give the homework given to students more purpose and meaning. This has been via ensuring that the tasks set are directly linked to what is being covered in class and through giving students a 'voice' in how they present their homework. Rather than also have students create a multitude of various smaller tasks, a more major, singular project is issued.
Students are accessing their weekly homework via an iTunesU Course that has been created for them.
Recently as part of an Economics task, students were to develop a short video depicting them participating in their 'Dream Job'. Below are just a few responses that were collected! 🙂


text:
Abstract: In this paper an algorithm is presented for the fitting of a tube shaped B-spline surface of (3,2) degrees to another surface along a given connection curve. Satisfying prescribed first and second order boundary conditions at a finite number of interpolation points on the connection curve several vertices of the control net of the bordering patches are computed from a fairness condition. The resulting B-spline surface joins the second surface with almost curvature continuity at those common points in which the tangent planes and the normal curvatures in one prescribed direction of both surfaces coincide.
Keywords: Computer-aided design, B-spline surface, boundary conditions, fairing
Full text of the article:


The new version of Burp employs heuristic rules to recognize most types of content commonly used in web applications. Information about response MIME types is used in various ways, for example:
 - Display filters in various locations allow you to show or hide different MIME types.
 - The Spider uses MIME type information to perform tailored content parsing.
 - You can define Proxy interception rules based on MIME type.
 - Vulnerability analysis performs different checks and actions based on a response's MIME type.
Applications typically include a Content-type header in their responses, which announces the MIME type of the content in the response body. However, it is good not to trust this header, because it is often wrong. Look at the following very common example. The response's Content-type header states that it contains HTML. However, in the MIME type column of the proxy history, the content is correctly identified as JavaScript. If we trusted the MIME type stated by the application, we would handle the response incorrectly, potentially missing some interesting vulnerabilities.


Quick Answer: How Can I Make My Fridge Ice Faster?
How long should it take for freezer to get cold?
12-24 hoursDepending on the type and size of your freezer, it generally takes anywhere from 12-24 hours for your freezer to become cold enough to keep food frozen.
A good way to test this is to put an ice cube tray with fresh water into the freezer – when the ice cubes are frozen, it is cold enough to freeze your food properly..
Why is ice from fridge white?
How do you get clear ice in the fridge?
How do you fix a slow ice maker?
What To Do If Your Ice Maker Is SlowLook for a kink in the water line located at the back of the refrigerator. … Check the local water supply valve to ensure that the valve is fully in the "on" position.Replace the water filter, if your refrigerator model has a filter that has not been replaced recently.More items…
How long before new ice maker fills with water?
What should I do if my refrigerator is not cold enough?
Can a fridge make ice without a water line?
You don't need to hook it up if you don't want ice and water, the fridge will work fine without it. No, you do not have to install the water line. … You only need it if the refrigerator has a water dispenser or an ice maker that you plan to use.
How do I make clear ice at home?
How to make clear ice: a tutorialStep 1: Freeze warm water in a cooler for 18 to 24 hours. … Step 2: Remove the ice from the cooler. … Step 3: Cut the ice into cubes with a serrated knife. … Step 3: Shape the clear ice chunks with an ice pick (optional). … Step 4: Store the clear ice.
How do you make clear ice at home?
Why does my fridge make ice so slow?
Make sure the water line isn't restricted and has enough pressure: A problem with the water line can result in small ice cubes. Pull the freezer away from the wall to check the water line leading to it from the wall. … A clogged water filter could be blocking water flow to the ice maker, causing it to run slowly.
Do you turn a fridge up to make it colder?
The numbers on the fridge's temperature dial indicate refrigerant power. The higher the number goes the colder the fridge will maintain. Setting it to 5 will make your fridge the coldest. With this out of the way, it should be noted that a lower fridge temperature does not equal better food storage.
How long does it take a Whirlpool refrigerator to make ice?
The refrigerator and icemaker must be at proper temperature. If just installed, the icemaker itself could take 24 hours to get cold enough to produce ice. The icemaker must reach 15 degrees F before a cycle will begin. The recommended fresh food temperature is 37 degrees F; the freezer temperature is 0 degrees F.
How long does it take for ice to make in a new refrigerator?
6 to 12 hoursAfter you have installed your refrigerator it will take 6 to 12 hours for the fridge-freezer's ice maker to produce ice. You should throw away the first three batches of ice cubes that the ice maker dispenses (approximately 30 cubes) to ensure that all the ice cubes you use are made from clean water.
How do I force my ice maker to cycle?
Can Bad ice make you sick?
University of Texas performed a study found that ice cubes can contain salmonella, E. coli, and shillelagh even when mixed with hard liquor, soda, and water. So no matter the drink or substance inside of the cup, these bacteria can be living in the ice and then get a person sick from drinking one of these bacteria.
How do you keep ice from tasting bad?
How long does it take freezer to make ice?
about three to four hoursHow Long Does It Take Ice Cubes to Freeze? In most situations, ice made in a standard ice tray — those plastic models with space for a dozen tapered cubes — takes about three to four hours to freeze in your home freezer.
How can I make my fridge ice taste better?
Add a Freezer Deodorizer One final way to improve the taste of your icemaker's ice cubes is to add a deodorizer to the freezer. An open box of baking soda will do the job nicely. Be sure to replace the deodorizer regularly to maintain its odor-fighting abilities.


text:
Patients with chronic illness can benefit when their families support them in managing their care. This report provides information and resources for enhancing family involvement.
Family members can play a valuable role in helping to manage the care of individuals with one or more chronic illnesses. This report draws together a broad range of research findings, case studies, and resources to assist patients, their families, and health care providers to maximize the benefits of family involvement in chronic care support.
As more Americans are diagnosed with chronic illness, interest in family involvement in care support is growing. A variety of family intervention programs is available, and three of these are described in the report:
- A couples-oriented education and support program focused on setting goals for osteoarthritis self-help and care
- A program stressing communication techniques that support autonomy for patients with heart failure
- A technology-enabled program that helps distant family members in the monitoring of heart failure patients' symptoms and test results
These and other programs offer strategies for handling challenges, improving communications, and maximizing the benefits of family involvement in chronic illness care.
The complete report is available under Document Downloads.


text:
Describe something to someone lacking one of the five senses
Sight: Violence is like the visualized form of the "something doesn't feel quite right here" emotion.
Sound: Old Nintendo music is like a bunch of colorful square blocks arranged in a logical and handsome pattern.
Touch: The texture of feathers is what one would imagine it would feel like if they were to suddenly leap out of their plane window and fall through the lone white cloud puffs below.
Smell: Being immersed in the bread smell in a Subway restaurant makes one feel like they can fall in any direction of the room and land in a bed of soft silk.
Taste: Eating chocolate is like an electric charge shot into one's taste buds; the memory has been in the tongue all along, but it was waiting for the taste of happiness to revive them.


text:
Egge Engine Tech
Correct Compression Ring Installation
Listed below are the general rules for the installation of various types of compression rings.
Rings having a "pip" mark or dot on the side of the ring must always be installed with the "pip" mark or dot towards the top of the piston.
Rings with a bevel on the inside diameter but no "pip" mark or dot must be installed with the bevel towards the top of the piston.
Rings with a groove or step in the outside diameter and no "pip" mark or dot must be installed with the groove toward the bottom of the piston.
It is a good idea after installing all rings on the pistons to recheck each ring on each piston for correct installation.
Rings having no dots, bevels, tapers, or grooves can be installed either way.
The event of engine downsizing has caused many changes in almost every engine component. Piston rings are no exception. They have been reduced in diameter as cylinder bores have become smaller, with corresponding width and wall reductions. Compression rings 1.5 mm wide (.0575") are becoming more common than rings which are 2.0mm (.0775") or wider.
This reduction in the cross sectional size of the ring has caused the ring to become somewhat more fragile with respect to handling than rings of larger cross sectional size. For this reason it is necessary to use care whenever these rings are being handled, but most importantly when the ring is being installed on the piston.
Care should be taken to follow the instructions below:
1. Use proper piston ring installation tools.
2. Keep the ring absolutely flat when opening to install on the piston.
3. Place the ring squarely in the groove and carefully release the tension of the ring installer.
If these procedures are not followed, damage will occur to the axial and/or radial shape of the ring, as illustrated below.
If the rings are installed after this type of damage has been inflicted, engine performance will be affected. Blow-by will increase and oil control will suffer.
Compression rings must never be spiraled on the piston.
Remember, these procedures are always important in all piston ring installations, and the more fragile the ring, the more care must be exercised.
Piston Ring Installation Tips
- Insert rings squarely into the bore before installing on piston. Measure end gap with feeler gauge.
- Adjust gap if needed by filing both sides of gap equally. (See Compression Ring Gap Clearances)
- Use ring expander tool to install rings on piston, so as not to deform ring—do not "spiral" on rings.
- Install directional rings with the dot up (otherwise oil pumping may occur).
- Install 3-piece oil ring with expander points up to avoid catching in drain-back hole/slot in oil groove bottom.
- Stagger location of end gaps on each ring 180 degrees apart.
- Clean bores with hot soapy water & scrub brush, wipe with clean white rag to check for any residue.
- Lightly oil cylinder walls and rings with regular non-synthetic motor oil.
- Properly tighten ring compressor so rings don't catch on edge of cylinder or pop out in bore (don't force piston if it is hung up).
- Typical engine break-in: use conventional motor oil with zinc additive or oil with zinc—change oil after first 3,000 miles. Use only synthetic motor oil if originally specified by manufacturer.
Compression Ring Gap Clearances
|Ring Diameter||End Clearance Inspection Limit|
Detonation and Pre-ignition Failure Analysis
Abnormal operation may allow combustion pressures to develop so fast that the heat and pressure will "explode" the remaining unburned fuel. This produces the knock, often called "ping", carbon knock, etc.
Actually this is detonation. The knock results from the violent explosion when the normal flame front runs into the secondary flame front. Detonation will cause piston and ring damage, top ring groove wear, scoring, sticking rings, blown head gaskets and possible complete engine failure (see Fig. 2).
Detonation can be caused by:
- Lean fuel mixture
- Fuel octane too low
- Improper ignition timing
- Lugging of engine
- Carbon deposits
- Excessive milling of heads or block, which will increase compression ratio.
Pre-ignition, as the term suggests, is the ignition of the fuel-air mixture before the regular ignition spark from the spark plug. If the regular spark occurs shortly after the pre-ignition, the colliding of the two flame fronts will cause a pinging noise. Pre-ignition causes loss of engine power and can cause severe damage to pistons, rings and valves (See Fig. 3).
Detonation and pre-ignition are so closely related that it is often difficult to distinguish one from the other by sound. Each can lead to the other and either condition can cause extensive engine damage. Inspection of damaged pistons and rings quite often indicate which caused the damage.
Damaged pistons and rings usually mean replacement. The same damage can occur again unless the cause of the detonation or pre-ignition is corrected.
Pre-ignition can be caused by:
- Carbon deposits that remain incandescent.
- Spark plugs that are too hot of a heat range.
- Spark plugs not firmly seated against gasket.
- Detonation or the condition leading to it.
- Sharp edges in combustion chamber.
- Valves operating at higher than normal temperature because of excessive guide clearance or improper seal with valve seats.
- Ignition crossfiring. Induced voltage in spark plug wires that run parallel to each other for long distances.
Image shows a ring which was removed from an overheated engine.
You'll notice the bluish cast, lack of free gap (loss of ring tension) and misalignment of ring points.


text:
It depends almost entirely on how much data is being displayed in the document. Geospatial datasets can vary over several orders of magnitude ranging from bytes to terabytes, and so too do GeoPDF and all PDF documents. Here are some general rules:
- If no feature attributes are placed in the GeoPDF document, the PDF representation (e.g., the PDF file) is generally smaller than the data used to create it.
- If all the feature attributes are included in the PDF file, it's often larger, sometimes substantially so, than the data used to create it, although using GeoPackage feature attributes with TerraGo Publisher for ArcGIS can mitigate this substantially.
- One case where GeoPDF documents are almost always larger than their non-TerraGo analogs is when the TerraGo Publisher for ArcGIS capability to include layers with scale-dependent visibility is used. In this case, Publisher will add layers that wouldn't be added otherwise, meaning that more information was packed into the resultant document at the cost of the space to store it.


text:
For hundreds of years artists and architects have been fascinated by cast shadows and perspective – the two shaping factors of spatial representation. Today the direct control of production machinery by means of digital design tools imparts an entirely new complexity to 'optical reliefs', which not only enable any image to be created as a cast shadow, but also make it possible to represent a multiplicity of images in one relief surface. Another new factor is the potential for industrial production, which opens up fully new possibilities for architecture in particular. Below we present three recent examples of shadow research.
Cast shadow reliefs are a new technique for uniting and depicting one or more images in one physical object. For this purpose a motif is converted into a quantity of pixels and transformed into the black and white format. A third dimension is now added to this grid of pixels and a relief is created. The greyscale of the black and white pixels in the image receives the specific geometry of the relief pixels.
The simplest case is an optical relief with pictorial information which becomes visible when the light falls on it. In the image below the New Zealand agency Clemenger BBDO has developed a relief made of pegs which vary in length and accordingly cast differently sized shadows. When the sun shines on it the image of a sunbathing woman becomes visible. The subline of the advertisement promotes suntan lotion: "Makes sense when the sun's out."
Display by Clemenger BBDO. In sunshine the variously sized shadows of the aluminium nub structure form the picture of a sunbathing woman.
Such peg reliefs on a relative scale can also be used on facades. In the facade studies which are shown below polyurethane moulds are used for the concrete. The difference in the height and positioning angle of the pegs (see illustration) towards the left, right, upwards and downwards creates changing shadow images as the angle of the sunlight changes in the course of the day.
Mock-up of a facade study by atelier ww. A relief on the exposed concrete is created by the use of a polyurethane mould which is produced using CNC technology and can be re-used up to one hundred times.
Reliefs which store a multiplicity of pictorial information are more complex. The information is revealed when the angle of the light shining on the surface changes. The Zurich-based artists Drzach & Suchy claim to have developed these'shadow casting panels', in other words reliefs which contain different encoded images, and have registered a patent on their invention. The relevant creative process is documented in detail on their website _URL_ using illustrations and videos, making the principle easy to understand. In the case of 2 images superimposed on each other and consisting only of black and white dots, without greyscale, a simple matrix can be created. There are 4 ways of combining the black and white pixels: black - black, white -black, black - white und white - white. Accordingly there are four different geometries for the pixels on the relief.
Pattern by Drzach & Suchy for two images superimposed on each other.
If three motifs are encoded in a shadow casting panel, eight different geometries become necessary.
The increase in pictorial information raises the level of complexity: the matrix shows how many typologies of relief pixels are required to depict multiple images.
Picture puzzles were used by artists as early as the middle ages, in order for example to convey a hidden message which is only revealed to the observer from a specific perspective – in other words the observer's position determines the nature of the perception.
Drzach & Suchy's artistic work is based on a further fundamental observation, which is independent of the point of vision of the observer: the shadow which is cast by a physical object is dependent on the intensity and location of the light source and the shape of the object.
A shadow casting panel by Drzach & Suchy: depending on the incidence of light we see either Le Corbusier or Mies van der Rohe.
Whereas Drzach & Suchy use shadow casting technology more for artistic purposes than in terms of practical applications, the Canadian artist Roderick Quinn has developed a product which is ready for series production. His 'Optical Tiles' can be used in the planning of interiors, facades and in spatial planning. Quinn's product included a further dimension, because it's not just the location of the light source which plays a role but also the location of the observer. As a result the image becomes dynamic and creates an impression of animation.
'Ombrae' after the Latin word for shadows is the name of his technique, which after a development process lasting years is now ready to go into full-scale production. Once the digital data has been fed into the computer the dots are converted into 3D pixels with differing angles, and can then be directly stamped out of aluminium panels. Although this also enables large-scale series production, the real attraction is of course that the product can be'made to measure' in a relatively easy way by simply changing the motif.
The 'Ombrae' technique uses the casting of shadows and differing angles of perspective to create the impression of an animated surface on any kind of material. 'Optical Tiles' by Roderick Quin, stamped aluminium panels with 3D pixels.
However, Quinn's most valuable product is in fact a service - his 'Ombrae' technology represents concentrated know-how with a valuable planning service. By means of specially developed software and CNC technology it is possible to make an optical relief out of almost any material – the material as such becomes the image. In the process, however, a wide range of factors have to be taken into account: it's not just the greyscale of the pixels which are converted to 3D pixels and the lighting conditions at the place of application which play a role, but also the surface features, colour and reflectivity of the material.
In addition to its design potential Quinn believes that his 'Ombrae' technology can optimise the characteristics of surfaces with regard to heat storage, the cooling of buildings and energy generation.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Wine Tasting Tips to Sip Like a Sommelier
Attending a wine tasting is one of the best ways to learn about wine and spend some time with friends. Some people, however, aren't all that familiar with the difference between wine tasting and drinking. So, we've prepared wine tasting tips that will help you sip like a professional sommelier.
Even though the two activities sound similar (and are sometimes synonymous), there is a world of difference between drinking wine, and truly tasting it.
For people who are new to the wine tasting world, getting the hang of the technique may be a little tricky. Do you take it right in or do you take a small sip that you savor? How much do you swirl? What are you supposed to see when you inspect the wine? Is your sense of taste sophisticated enough to savor the taste of wine? These are some common questions people who are new to the business have.
Another popular question is if the technique remains the same for non-alcoholic wine. The truth is, the tasting experience doesn't differ much with alcohol composition. So whether you lead an alcohol-free lifestyle or prefer to enjoy a chilled glass of alcoholic wine every once in a while, follow these wine tasting tips so sample like a sommelier.
Look At The Wine
This step might seem like a no-brainer, but as they say, you drink with your eyes. The actual process of wine tasting starts with seeing the wine, and involves a lot more than just a quick glance at your glass before you chug it all down.
To taste wine like a sommelier, the first step is to take a moment to evaluate the liquid in your glass. You've probably seen this step being performed in a movie every time there is a luxury wine tasting scene. Notice the color, clarity, and consistency. Take note of how rich or deep the color is and how clear it is by holding it up in good lighting.
Notice if the wine is pale, rich, dark, or colorless. White wine ranges from completely clear to very pale green, yellow, and even some shades of light brown.
Red wine varies between true red, ruby red, and various shades of purple. One key difference between white and red wines is that white wines tend to turn a darker color as they age, while red wines lose their color and start to turn brown.
Keep these wine tasting tips in mind when you evaluate the wine and move onward to the next step.
Look at the Wine
Swirl The Wine
There is a very strong reason for why sommeliers swirl their wine around their glass. Swirling exposes the wine's 'legs.' A wine's 'legs' are the tears that run down the surface of the glass after you've swirled it. A wine with very strong tears indicates a high level of alcohol and glycerin, which is also evident in a denser texture.
As you swirl the wine, be mindful of how you hold the glass. Since the temperature of your hand can warm the wine up a little, it is recommended to hold the glass from the base or the stem. Some experienced sommeliers even swirl the wine in the air. However, if you're new to wine tasting, we recommend you stick to the glass method.
Experts say that swirling also makes the wine smell and taste better because it mixes the ingredients, drawing oxygen from the air, and in turn, also intensifying the smell.
Smell The Wine
Even though this step might sound like it exists to add a dramatic flair to the entire experience, there is science behind smelling wine.
According to LiveScience, researchers suggest that an approximate of 80% of the flavors we get to experience in food and beverage items are a manifestation of what we smell. This means that our experience of eating depends majorly on our sense of smell; to truly gauge the flavor of a food or beverage item, you must first smell it.
As you smell your wine, pay special attention to the aromas that arise from the swirling action. These aromas tell you a lot about the nature of the wine; for example, the grape variety, the vineyard location, etc. Some experienced sommeliers can even tell what wine making process it has gone through, just by the smell!
For reference, keep in mind the aromas and scents from popular vegetable and fruit items. Some major wine varieties include fruit and floral, spice and vegetable, and oak.
Sip The Wine
This is where you confirm all the things you noticed earlier. Do the aromatic scents you experienced in the previous steps match the tastes? Do they belong to the same food source they indicated? Does the wine taste as dense and dark as it looked? What about the lighter wines, do they taste as light on the palate as the color they show?
The art of tasting wine involves filling your mouth about halfway and then subtly swishing it around instead of gulping it down in an instant. Different areas of the tongue have different functions; for example, the tip of the tongue detects sweetness, the inner sides recognize sour tastes, the outer sides favor saltiness, and the back of the tongue tells you that you've eaten something horridly bitter.
In order to fully taste the wine, it is a good idea to roll a sip around your mouth, and evaluate the taste. Mineral and earthy tastes also help pinpoint the identity of the wine.
Another thing sipping helps with is determining the structure of the wine. There are three things that wine must consist of, namely; Tannin, acidity, and alcohol (with the exception of non-alcoholic wines) and sipping helps determine the composition of each of these components.
Sip the Wine
Swallow The Wine
Finally, the last step of the process is swallowing the wine. Just like all other steps, there is a technique and art to it that determines some particular aspects of the wine. To swallow, tilt your head back slightly and instead of gulping the wine down, let it slowly run down your throat.
Now, notice the aftertaste of the wine. This is called the 'finish' of the wine. The higher quality the wine is, the more pronounced its finish will be. The strong finish of luxury wine will linger on your palate for a longer time.
During this final phase, go over your entire wine tasting experience. Did you enjoy it? What part of the entire experience did you like the most? What impression did the wine leave you with? Was the wine worth its cost? What food would you drink this wine with? Would you try it again? At this point, it may be helpful to write down your favorite and least favorite aspects of the experience as you move forward.
To clean your palate and prepare for tasting a different wine, eat something plain or drink water to wash down the finish. Then, raise your next glass!
If you're thinking of treating your friends or family to a wine country tours vacation, consider The Wine Stay as your shot at an unforgettable wine experience.
Keep these wine tasting tips in mind as you immerse yourself in the tranquility of the Wine Country with luxurious vacation rentals in Healdsburg, CA. Apart from visiting 3–4 wineries, our tour also includes a personal sommelier who will answer all your questions and elevate your experience!


How are currency exchange rates determined
Specifies how exchange rates for foreign currencies are to be recorded and how to determine the date from which they are valid. For example, you can enter exchange rates for each currency daily, monthly, quarterly, or at other time intervals.
You can enter exchange rates for each of the codes in the currency. In the Currencies window, click Exchange Rates. The "Currency Exchange Rates" window is displayed for the relevant currency.
When you post a business transaction in a foreign currency, the application uses the posting date of the invoice line or journal line and the data from the Currency Exchange Rate table to find the appropriate exchange rate. If no posting date is specified (for example on an order proposal), the application uses the working date to find the appropriate exchange rate.
If you are posting in a reporting currency, the application also uses this table to determine the appropriate exchange rate for the general ledger entries to calculate the amounts in the reporting currency.
Note that to post exchange rate gains and losses, you have to use the batch job Regulate exchange rates and specify the regulated exchange rates used by the batch job. You enter the regulated exchange rates by entering the field Regulation of exchange rate amount and the field Bez. A. Reg. Exchange rate amount to complete.
When posting in a reporting currency, you must retain any data that you enter in the table for that currency.
See also


text:
Stroop Test is a method of studying automatic processing. In
this test, participants see colored words (e. g. green) printed
in either the color the word refers to or another color (e.g. red).
When the print color is different from the color word, participants
usually take longer to name the print color than when the word and
the color match.


text:
Bornean Clouded Leopard (Neofelis diardi) - Wiki
Bornean Clouded Leopard
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
[Photo] Bornean Clouded Leopard (Neofelis diardi). Plate from William Jardine's The Natural History of The Feline, Rimau-Dahan, published 1834.
The Bornean Clouded Leopard or Diard's Leopard (Neofelis diardi) is a medium-sized wild cat found on Borneo, Sumatra and the Batu Islands in the Malay Archipelago and publicised under the name Bornean Clouded Leopard by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) on March 14, 2007. Its coat is marked with irregularly-shaped, dark-edged ovals which are said to be shaped like clouds, hence its common name. Though scientists have known of its existence since the early 19th century, it was positively identified as being a distinct species in its own right in 2006, having long been believed to be a subspecies of the mainland Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa). WWF quoted Dr. Stephen O'Brien of the U.S. National Cancer Institute as saying, "Genetic research results clearly indicate that the clouded leopard of Borneo should be considered a separate species".
Anatomy and morphology
The Bornean Clouded Leopard has a stocky build, weighing about 25 kg (55 pounds). It is the largest predator in Borneo. The majority of its prey lives in trees, necessitating its excellent climbing skills. With short, flexible legs, large paws, and keen claws, this big cat is very sure-footed. The canine teeth are two inches long, longer than those of any other extant feline. Its tail can grow to be as long as its body, aiding balance.
The Bornean Clouded Leopard's range is Borneo and Sumatra in the Malay Archipelago. The species was previously found in Java, but has not been recorded there since Neolithic times.
Ecology and life history
N. diardi's preferred habitat is tropical and subtropical forest at altitudes up to about 2,000 metres (6,500 ft).
The habits of the Bornean Clouded Leopard are largely unknown because of the animal's secretive nature. It is assumed that it is generally a solitary creature.
Etymology and taxonomic history
Despite its name, the Bornean Clouded Leopard is not closely related to the leopard. The species was named Neofelis diardi in honor of French naturalist and explorer Pierre-M??dard Diard; in the 19th century Felis diardii designated the Clouded Leopard/Bornean Clouded Leopard, colloquially "Diard's Cat". The local names, "Macan Dahan" in Indonesian and "Harimau Dahan" in Malay (also reported historically in Sumatra), mean "tree branch tiger".
The species was long regarded as a subspecies of the Clouded Leopard, named Neofelis nebulosa diardi. In December 2006, two articles in the journal Current Biology detailed a strong case for reclassifying and redefining two distinct species of Clouded Leopard: Neofelis nebulosa from mainland Asia and Neofelis diardi from the Malay archipelago. A UK study led by Andrew C. Kitchener detailed geographical variations in the Clouded Leopard, indicating a split of two species. The results of a morphometric analysis of the pelages of fifty-seven Clouded Leopards sampled throughout the genus' wide geographical range concluded that there were two distinct morphological groups, differing primarily in the size of their cloud markings. Another study led by Valerie A. Buckley-Beason cited molecular evidence for the species-level distinction of the Clouded Leopard, although the study only used DNA samples from the Bornean population and mainland Asia and not from the Sumatran population. The genetics study found differences in the molecular genetic analyses (mtDNA, nuclear DNA sequences, microsatellite variation, and cytogenetic differences) of the different species of Clouded Leopard. Among the molecular disparities between the two species were thirty-six fixed mitochondrial and nuclear nucleotide differences and 20 microsatellite loci with nonoverlapping allele-size ranges. The study stated that the degree of differentiation was similar to the differences between the five Panthera species, thus concluding that Neofelis diardi is a separate species from Neofelis nebulosa.
The genetic analysis of Neofelis nebulosa and Neofelis diardi suggest the two species diverged 1.4 million years ago, after the animals used a now submerged land bridge to reach Borneo and Sumatra from mainland Asia.
Because the Bornean Clouded Leopard's habits make it difficult to study, exact figures of its population do not exist. However, recent studies estimate the population to be between 5,000 and 11,000 great cats left on Borneo, and 3,000 to 7,000 on Sumatra. In the countries of its native range, hunting of the Clouded Leopard is prohibited. However, these bans are very poorly enforced.
Some of data comes from a 2006 study which classified tracks in one part of Sabah (northeastern Borneo). This study estimated that there are 1,500???3,200 cats in Sabah, with only 275???585 of them in large protected reserves.
Encroachment on natural habitat, primarily by logging and the planting of rubber and palm oil plantations, continues to threaten the whole fauna of Borneo, including the Bornean Clouded Leopard.
|The text in this page is based on the copyrighted Wikipedia article shown in above URL. It is used under the GNU Free Documentation License. You may redistribute it, verbatim or modified, providing that you comply with the terms of the GFDL.|


next up previous contents index
Next: The linearize Command Up: Data Manipulation Commands Previous: The fourier Command Contents Index
The let Command
The let command is used to assign vectors.
let [vecname [= expr]] [vecname = expr ...]
With no arguments, the list of vectors from the current plot is printed, similar to the display command. If one or more arguments appear without an assignment, information about the named vectors is printed, similar to the display command. Otherwise, for each assignment, if vecname does not exist, a new vector is created with name vecname and value given by the expression expr. An existing vector with the given name will be overwritten with new data.
In WRspice releases prior to 3.0.9, only a single assignment could appear in a let command. In current releases, any number of assignemnts can be given in a single command line. The assignments are performed left-to-right, so that expressions to the right of an assignment may make use of that assignment, i.e., forms like
let a=1 b=a
work properly.
None of the vector options such as default scale, color, etc. that are read from the rawfile are preserved when a vector is created with the let command.
The vecname above can actually be in the plotname.vecname format, where the plotname is the name of a plot or one of the plot aliases as described in 3.16. In this case, only the indicated plot will be searched for a vector named vecname, and if not found, a new vector of that name will be created in the indicated plot.
If no plot is specified, a search for vecname will occur in the current plot, then the context plot if any, and finally the constants plot. If a match is found, that vector will be reused, which may not be what is intended. When a scrpt is run, the current plot at the time the script starts is saved as the ''context plot''. Vectors created in the script before any change in the current plot are saved in the context plot. If the script runs an analysis, the current plot will change, but the previously defined variables will still be available by name as the context plot will be searched as well as the current plot.
If the intention is to use or create a vector in the current plot, the form
let curplot.vecname = expr
should be used, if there is any chance of ambiguity.
The syntax
let a[N] = vec
with N a non-negative integer, is valid. If vec is a vector, then a[N] = vec[0], a[N+1] = vec[1], etc., If undefined, a is defined, and new entries that are not explicitly set are zeroed. The length of a is set or modified to accommodate vec. The syntax a[0] = vec is also valid, and is equivalent to a = vec. If vec is a vector, then a is a copy of vec. If vec is a scalar (unit length vector), then a is also a scalar with the value of vec.
When assignment is from a scalar value, any SPICE number format may be used. That is, if alpha characters appear after a number, the initial characters are checked as a scale factor. Recognized sequences are t, g, k, u, n, p, f, m, meg, mil. Remaining characters are parsed as a units string. This is all case insensitive.
The units suffix of a constant value is used to assign the units of any vector to which the constant is assigned. This means, for example, in
let a = v(1)/15o
a has units of current (A). Use the settype command without arguments to see a list of recognized types.
The ''let'' is actually optional; the let command will be applied to a line with the second token being ''=''. This is somewhat less efficient, however.
next up previous contents index
Next: The linearize Command Up: Data Manipulation Commands Previous: The fourier Command Contents Index
Stephen R. Whiteley 2017-11-08


Pattern Pattern Pattern
Showing 1 entry for tag: Mount Erymanthos
Pattern Pattern Pattern
Robert (Bob) Blaisdell, Althea (Thea) Kliros
Hercules narrates his story, beginning with his birth as the mortal son of a god. He talks of how he was child prodigy in warfare, but failed at learning music. After killing the teacher that belittles him about failing at music, Hercules goes out into the world to learn what he can. After Hera challenges Zeus to prove Hercules is worthy of being immortal, Hercules jumps at the opportunity and completes twelve labours. (...)
YEAR: 1997
COUNTRY: United States of America


text:
If you're a guinea pig owner, chances are you've heard that having a guinea pig in your home can help keep spiders away. But is this true? Here's what you need to know about using guinea pigs as a spider repellent.
Do guinea pigs keep spiders away?
While guinea pigs may keep spiders away from their cages, it's not a guaranteed solution for an entire home.
Spiders enter like any other insect through small cracks and crevices in the wall or windows. And considering guinea pigs are relatively tiny animals and require special care within the home, they can't patrol all the nooks and crannies that spiders might find inviting.
On top of keeping clean, sealing off entryways with weatherstripping is critical to spider prevention.
Ultimately guinea pigs make great house pets, but when it comes to spiders in your home, unfortunately, they won't be much help.
How Guinea Pigs Might Help Keep Spiders Away
The idea behind using guinea pigs as spider repellent is that the smell of the pet will keep spiders away from your home.
While there is no scientific evidence to support this claim, the smell of a guinea pig may be enough to deter some species of spiders or at least make them less likely to stay in your house for an extended period.
However, several other factors could contribute to fewer spiders in your home, even if you have a guinea pig.
For example, if you keep your home clean and free from clutter—which is always recommended when owning any pet—you may have fewer spiders than before.
Additionally, certain types of plants (such as lavender or citrus) may help repel spiders naturally, without the need for any pets in the house.
Is it Safe to Have Both Guinea Pigs and Spiders Around?
If you still find yourself with spiders and guinea pigs in your home, don't worry too much about their safety.
Guinea pigs should not be able to come into contact with any dangerous spider species as they can cause severe harm or illness if bitten.
However, spider webs may pose a choking hazard for guinea pigs, so it's essential to ensure that all webs are regularly removed from around their cage space.
Are spiders a danger to guinea pigs?
Guinea pigs are particularly vulnerable to spiders since they are small mammals and cannot defend themselves against the bite of the more dangerous species.
One of the biggest threats comes from domestic house spiders, who can build intricate webs and weave into enclosures.
These webs will capture any insects that come close and, if left alone, can cause severe distress to your guinea pig.
To reduce the likelihood of this happening, vacuum all surrounding areas regularly and clear out any webs you spot before they cause harm.
Additionally, don't let wild spiders into your house, as it risks introducing danger to your guinea pig.
Prevention is critical when taking measures against spiders becoming a hazard for your pet – take it seriously, and you should be able to avoid blundered encounters with eight-legged creatures.
How to get rid of spiders without harming the guinea pigs?
Keeping your guinea pig safe is paramount, so if you have an issue with spiders, getting rid of them can be challenging without endangering your pet.
Luckily some great methods will allow you to eliminate the eight-legged invaders safely and effectively.
Vacuuming regularly helps remove spiders and their webs, especially when upholstered furniture is involved.
Opening the windows to bring in more natural light also helps, as spiders do not like bright areas.
Applying cedar oil or vinegar around your windowsills, doorways, the perimeter of your home, and any other dark area will repel them from emerging.
Finally, use limited chemical sprays only on spot treatment; keep your guinea pigs away from sprayed areas until completely dry. With any luck, these tips will help keep your guinea pig free from harm and spider danger.
While having a guinea pig may help reduce the number of spiders in your home by deterring them with its scent, it isn't guaranteed to work every time. So be sure to keep up with regular cleaning habits and consider adding some natural spider-repellent plants near windowsills.
Most importantly, be sure that your furry friend cannot come into contact with any potentially dangerous spider species, as this can put their health at risk.


text:
From National Weather Service:
National Weather Service officials have recognized Idalou, Texas as a StormReady® community.
"StormReady encourages communities to take a proactive approach to improving local hazardous weather operations and public awareness in partnership with their local National Weather Service office," said Jody James, the Warning Coordination Meteorologist at the National Weather Service forecast office in Lubbock. "The program is designed to help communities improve communication and safety skills needed to save lives — before, during and after a severe weather event."
Jody presented city officials with a StormReady certificate during the City Council Meeting at the Idalou City Hall on Monday evening, April 8, 2013.
The nationwide community preparedness program uses a grassroots approach to help communities develop plans to handle local severe weather and flooding threats. The program is voluntary and provides communities with clear-cut advice from the local National Weather Service forecast office and state and local emergency managers. The program began in 1999 with seven communities in the Tulsa, Oklahoma area. Today, there are more than 2,000 StormReady communities.
To be recognized as StormReady, a community must establish a 24-hour warning point and emergency operations center; have more than one way to receive severe weather forecasts and warnings and to alert the public; create a system that monitors local weather conditions; promote the importance of public readiness through community seminars; and, develop a formal hazardous weather plan, which includes training severe weather spotters and holding emergency exercises.
Disaster preparedness is everyone's responsibility. Educating yourself and your family on environmental hazards, maintaining a disaster supply kit, and having an emergency plan in place, are all proactive ways you can be better prepared.
The StormReady program is part of NOAA National Weather Service's working partnership with the International Association of Emergency Managers and the National Emergency Management Association. The StormReady recognition will expire in three years, after which the city will go through a renewal process.


Menu
Amazon EC2 Container Service
Developer Guide (API Version 2014-11-13)
Automated Task and Image Cleanup
Each time a task is placed on a container instance, the Amazon ECS container agent checks to see if the images referenced in the task are the most recent of the specified tag in the repository. If not, it pulls the images from their respective repositories. If you frequently update the images in your tasks and services, your container instance storage can quickly fill up with Docker images that you are no longer using and will likely never use again. For example, you may use a continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipeline.
Likewise, containers that belong to stopped tasks can also consume container instance storage with log information, data volumes, and other artifacts. These artifacts are useful for debugging containers that have stopped unexpectedly, but most of this storage can be safely freed up after a period of time.
By default, the Amazon ECS container agent automatically cleans up stopped tasks and Docker images that are not being used by any tasks on your container instances.
Note
The automated image cleanup feature requires at least version 1.13.0 of the Amazon ECS container agent. To update your agent to the latest version, see Updating the Amazon ECS Container Agent.
Tunable Parameters
The following agent configuration variables are available to tune your automated task and image cleanup experience. For more information about how to set these variables on your container instances, see Amazon ECS Container Agent Configuration.
ECS_ENGINE_TASK_CLEANUP_WAIT_DURATION
This variable specifies the time to wait before removing any containers that belong to stopped tasks. The image cleanup process cannot delete an image as long as there is a container that references it. After images are not referenced by any containers (either stopped or running), then the image becomes a candidate for cleanup. By default, this parameter is set to 3 hours but you can reduce this period to as low as 1 minute, if you need to for your application.
ECS_DISABLE_IMAGE_CLEANUP
If you set this variable to true, then automated image cleanup is disabled on your container instance and no images are automatically removed.
ECS_IMAGE_CLEANUP_INTERVAL
This variable specifies how frequently the automated image cleanup process should check for images to delete. The default is every 30 minutes but you can reduce this period to as low as 10 minutes to remove images more frequently.
ECS_IMAGE_MINIMUM_CLEANUP_AGE
This variable specifies the minimum amount of time between when an image was pulled and when it may become a candidate for removal; this is used to prevent cleaning up images that have just been pulled. The default is 1 hour.
ECS_NUM_IMAGES_DELETE_PER_CYCLE
This variable specifies how many images may be removed during a single cleanup cycle. The default is 5 and the minimum is 1.
Cleanup Workflow
When the Amazon ECS container agent is running and automated image cleanup is not disabled, the agent checks for Docker images that are not referenced by running or stopped containers at a frequency determined by the ECS_IMAGE_CLEANUP_INTERVAL variable. If unused images are found and they are older than the minimum cleanup time specified by the ECS_IMAGE_MINIMUM_CLEANUP_AGE variable, the agent removes up to the maximum number of images that are specified with the ECS_NUM_IMAGES_DELETE_PER_CYCLE variable. The least-recently referenced images are deleted first. After the images are removed, the agent waits until the next interval and repeats the process again.


Sasha and Rhys initially began growing vegetables because they wanted to
teach themselves skillsthey started out as homesteaders who were preparing for self sufficient sustainability and wanting to live the good life.
Sasha, who is originally from the city in the South West of America, couldn't
get enough of the country life and Rhys, who grew up on a beef farm outside of Lismore, was more than happy to return to his roots.
But they quickly learned that love for the land wouldn't be enough to pay the mortgage at the end of the day. So the doomsayer and the city slicker started a farm.
Today Green Goddess Farm is on its 11th season of growing certified organic fruit and vegetables for the Northern Rivers and surrounds. They place high emphasis on quality nutrient dense produce, soil health, and regenerative farming. They grow a diverse range of seasonal vegetables and their mixed orchard of apples, kiwi fruit, nashi pears, and peaches is becoming mature enough to provide local fruit to the community.
They also keep bees and make skin care products from their wax. As their website says 'we eat what you eat', which highlights their original desire to feed themselves coupled with their drive to serve their community and provide access to good quality produce for all.
Being a community, we support each other : )
© The Nimbin Organic Food Co-op
 - Grey Facebook Icon


SQLite
Get it at Path:/cookbook/sqlite.txt
This is a new PageStore class for PmWiki. It stores the wiki pages in a SQLite database. Requires PHP 5.1 or newer with PDO_SQLITE (either compiled in, or shared).
This wiki here is using the recipe for some weeks now.
See full documentation at pmwiki.org: Cookbook:SQLite.
Additional features
 - Done. Possibility to search through all the revision history, by Author or IP address (params user=, days=, ip= in the searchbox or in a pagelist). Maybe: This could possibly change how RecentChanges pages currently work.
 - Done. Optimized handling of the page history: it is now possible to have thousands of page revisions per page without hitting the PHP memory limit. The page history is paginated. See SQLite?action=diff.
 - Done. Even shorter urls than the Short urls, like in tinyurl: _URL_ (this will be a recipe based on a unique page-id in the database).
 - Done. Different approach to page deletions and restauration - instead of deleting the page, it is renamed and then locked: an admin can still review it, edit it or restore it from within the wiki (no need for FTP).
 - Done Ability to call user defined functions at several points of the processing (while writing a page). In the $SQLiteWriteFunctions array you add functions to be called at some point of the processing. (Docs to be written.)
Todo (ASAP)
 - Ability to export a page/the whole wiki in pmWiki's format, possibly into "$WorkD/SQLite-export/" directory.
 - Check the PmWiki import recipes to see if they work.
Other feasable possibilities (MAYBE)
 - It is very easy to extend the database to store and index PageTextVariables and Links and make PageList searches times faster than the built-in ones. Currently, the recipe creates these two additionnal tables but is not filling them or browsing them. (This will be user defined recipes wih the SQLiteWriteFunctions array)
 - It will be possible to further extend the database by creating custom tables gathering specified wiki-page data, and to search and retrieve this data even faster. (This will be user defined recipes wih the SQLiteWriteFunctions array)
Sandbox
* {*$page_id} {*$ShortName}
* [[{*$ShortPage}]] [[r.a]] [[r.2]] [[r.z]] [[r.zzz]]
* {*$ShortURL}
See also Site.LocalTemplates for the new fmt=# templates.
List of deleted pages with links to view/edit and see their history, and to undelete them.
(:pagelist list=deleted fmt=#deletedpages order=-time count=-2:)
List of all pages, and number of their revisions (only pages inside the database; we have days=99999 which is more than the oldest edit, so all get shown).
(:pagelist days=99999 fmt=#diffsearch count=10 group=Cookbook,Thumblist2:)
List of pages edited by others (not me) in groups other than Thumblist*. (:zmarkup:)(:pagelist user=-Petko group=-Thumblist* fmt=#diffsearch count=6:)
Pages (at least once) edited by "simon". (:zmarkup:)(:pagelist user=simon fmt=#diffsearch:)
Pages (at least once) edited by any of these IP ranges. (:zmarkup:)(:pagelist ip=202.37.*,203.97* fmt=#diffsearch:)
{=$LastModifiedMajor} and {=$LastModified} are sometimes not the same. You could need to use a {=$LastModifiedMajor} timestamp while publishing an article or a blog entry; subsequent "minor" edits will not change the "major" timestamp.
(:pagelist group=Cookbook fmt=#timemajor order=-time list=normal count=-5:)
 0: 00.00 MarkupToHTML begin
 1: 00.00 MarkupToHTML begin
 2: 00.00 FPLTemplate: Chain begin
 3: 00.00 FPLTemplate: FPLTemplateLoad
 4: 00.01 FPLTemplate: FPLTemplateDefaults
 5: 00.01 FPLTemplate: FPLTemplatePageList
 6: 00.01 MakePageList pre
 7: 00.01 PageListSources begin
 8: 00.01 PageStore::ls begin SQLite
 9: 00.01 PageStore::ls merge SQLite
 10: 00.01 PageStore::ls end SQLite
 11: 00.01 PageStore::ls begin wiki.d/$FullName
 12: 00.01 PageStore::ls merge wiki.d/$FullName
 13: 00.01 PageStore::ls end wiki.d/$FullName
 14: 00.01 PageStore::ls begin $FarmD/shared.d/$FullName
 15: 00.01 PageStore::ls end $FarmD/shared.d/$FullName
 16: 00.01 PageStore::ls begin $FarmD/wikilib.d/$FullName
 17: 00.01 PageStore::ls merge $FarmD/wikilib.d/$FullName
 18: 00.01 PageStore::ls end $FarmD/wikilib.d/$FullName
 19: 00.01 PageListSources end count=50
 20: 00.01 PageListSort pre ret=6 order=-time
 21: 00.01 MakePageList items count=50, filters=PageListSort
 22: 00.08 MakePageList post count=50, readc=50
 23: 00.08 PageListSort begin
 24: 00.08 PageListSort sort
 25: 00.08 PageListSort end
 26: 00.08 MakePageList end
 27: 00.08 FPLTemplate: FPLTemplateSliceList
 28: 00.08 FPLTemplate: FPLTemplateFormat
 29: 00.08 MarkupToHTML begin
 30: 00.10 MarkupToHTML end
 31: 00.10 FPLTemplate: Chain end
 32: 00.10 MarkupToHTML end
 33: 00.10 MarkupToHTML begin
 34: 00.10 FPLTemplate: Chain begin
 35: 00.10 FPLTemplate: FPLTemplateLoad
 36: 00.10 FPLTemplate: FPLTemplateDefaults
 37: 00.10 FPLTemplate: FPLTemplatePageList
 38: 00.10 MakePageList pre
 39: 00.10 PageListSources begin
 40: 00.10 PageStore::ls begin SQLite
 41: 00.10 PageStore::ls merge SQLite
 42: 00.10 PageStore::ls end SQLite
 43: 00.10 PageStore::ls begin wiki.d/$FullName
 44: 00.10 PageStore::ls merge wiki.d/$FullName
 45: 00.10 PageStore::ls end wiki.d/$FullName
 46: 00.10 PageStore::ls begin $FarmD/shared.d/$FullName
 47: 00.10 PageStore::ls end $FarmD/shared.d/$FullName
 48: 00.10 PageStore::ls begin $FarmD/wikilib.d/$FullName
 49: 00.10 PageStore::ls merge $FarmD/wikilib.d/$FullName
 50: 00.10 PageStore::ls end $FarmD/wikilib.d/$FullName
 51: 00.10 PageListSources end count=79
 52: 00.10 PageListSort pre ret=4 order=name
 53: 00.10 MakePageList items count=79, filters=
 54: 00.10 MakePageList post count=79, readc=0
 55: 00.10 PageListSort begin
 56: 00.10 PageListSort sort
 57: 00.11 PageListSort end
 58: 00.11 MakePageList end
 59: 00.11 FPLTemplate: FPLTemplateSliceList
 60: 00.11 FPLTemplate: FPLTemplateFormat
 61: 00.11 MarkupToHTML begin
 62: 00.13 MarkupToHTML end
 63: 00.13 FPLTemplate: Chain end
 64: 00.13 MarkupToHTML end
 65: 00.13 MarkupToHTML begin
 66: 00.13 FPLTemplate: Chain begin
 67: 00.13 FPLTemplate: FPLTemplateLoad
 68: 00.14 FPLTemplate


_{11}, d_{12}, d_{21}, d_{22}} are scalars. If {A} is invertible, we may apply the Schur determinant identity repeatedly to conclude that
\displaystyle \det_n(M) = \det_{n-2}(A) \det_2 \begin{pmatrix} d_{11} - C_1 A^{-1} B_1 & d_{12} - C_1 A^{-1} B_2 \\ d_{21} - C_2 A^{-1} B_1 & d_{22} - C_2 A^{-1} B_2 \end{pmatrix}
\displaystyle \det_{n-2} (M^{n-1,n}_{n-1,n}) = \det_{n-2}(A)
\displaystyle \det_{n-1}( M^{n-1}_{n-1} ) = \det_{n-2}(A) (d_{22} - C_2 A^{-1} B_2 )
\displaystyle \det_{n-1}( M^{n-1}_{n} ) = \det_{n-2}(A) (d_{21} - C_2 A^{-1} B_1 )
\displaystyle \det_{n-1}( M^{n}_{n-1} ) = \det_{n-2}(A) (d_{12} - C_1 A^{-1} B_2 )
\displaystyle \det_{n-1}( M^{n}_{n} ) = \det_{n-2}(A) (d_{11} - C_1 A^{-1} B_1 )
and the claim (2) then follows by a brief calculation (and the explicit form {\det_2 \begin{pmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{pmatrix} = ad-bc} of the {2 \times 2} determinant). To remove the requirement that {A} be invertible, one can use a limiting argument, noting that one can work without loss of generality in an algebraically closed field, and in such a field, the set of invertible matrices is dense in the Zariski topology. (In the case when the scalars are reals or complexes, one can just use density in the ordinary topology instead if desired.)
The same argument gives the more general determinant identity of Sylvester
\displaystyle \det_n(M) \det_{n-k}(M^S_S)^{k-1} = \det_k \left( \det_{n-k+1}(M^{S \backslash \{i\}}_{S \backslash \{j\}}) \right)_{i,j \in S}
whenever {n > k \geq 1}, {S} is a {k}-element subset of {\{1,\dots,n\}}, and {M^S_{S'}} denotes the matrix formed from {M} by removing the rows associated to {S} and the columns associated to {S'}. (The Dodgson condensation identity is basically the {k=2} case of this identity.)
A closely related proof of (2) proceeds by elementary row and column operations. Observe that if one adds some multiple of one of the first {n-2} rows of {M} to one of the last two rows of {M}, then the left and right sides of (2) do not change. If the minor {A} is invertible, this allows one to reduce to the case where the components {C_1,C_2} of the matrix vanish. Similarly, using elementary column operations instead of row operations we may assume that {B_1,B_2} vanish. All matrices involved are now block-diagonal and the identity follows from a routine computation.
The latter approach can also prove the cute identity
\displaystyle \det_2 \begin{pmatrix} \det_n( X_1, Y_1, A ) & \det_n( X_1, Y_2, A ) \\ \det_n(X_2, Y_1, A) & \det_n(X_2,Y_2, A) \end{pmatrix} = \det_n( X_1,X_2,A) \det_n(Y_1,Y_2,A)
for any {n \geq 2}, any {n \times 1} column vectors {X_1,X_2,Y_1,Y_2}, and any {n \times n-2} matrix {A}, which can for instance be found in page 7 of this text of Karlin. Observe that both sides of this identity are unchanged if one adds some multiple of any column of {A} to one of {X_1,X_2,Y_1,Y_2}; for generic {A}, this allows one to reduce {X_1,X_2,Y_1,Y_2} to have only the first two entries allowed to be non-zero, at which point the determinants split into {2 \times 2} and {n -2 \times n-2} determinants and we can reduce to the {n=2} case (eliminating the role of {A}). One can now either proceed by a direct computation, or by observing that the left-hand side is quartilinear in {X_1,X_2,Y_1,Y_2} and antisymmetric in {X_1,X_2} and {Y_1,Y_2} which forces it to be a scalar multiple of {\det_2(X_1,X_2) \det_2(Y_1,Y_2)}, at which point one can test the identity at a single point (e.g. {X_1=Y_1 = e_1} and {X_2=Y_2=e_2} for the standard basis {e_1,e_2}) to conclude the argument. (One can also derive this identity from the Sylvester determinant identity but I think the calculations are a little messier if one goes by that route. Conversely, one can recover the Dodgson condensation identity from Karlin's identity by setting {X_1=e_1}, {X_2=e_2} (for instance) and then permuting some rows and columns.)
In one of the earliest posts on this blog, I talked about the ability to "arbitrage" a disparity of symmetry in an inequality, and in particular to "amplify" such an inequality into a stronger one. (The principle can apply to other mathematical statements than inequalities, with the "hypothesis" and "conclusion" of that statement generally playing the role of the "right-hand side" and "left-hand side" of an inequality, but for sake of discussion I will restrict attention here to inequalities.) One can formalise this principle as follows. Many inequalities in analysis can be expressed in the form
\displaystyle A(f) \leq B(f) \ \ \ \ \ (1)
for all {f} in some space {X} (in many cases {X} will be a function space, and {f} a function in that space), where {A(f)} and {B(f)} are some functionals of {f} (that is to say, real-valued functions of {f}). For instance, {B(f)} might be some function space norm of {f} (e.g. an {L^p} norm), and {A(f)} might be some function space norm of some transform of {f}. In addition, we assume we have some group {G} of symmetries {T: X \rightarrow X} acting on the underlying space. For instance, if {X} is a space of functions on some spatial domain, the group might consist of translations (e.g. {Tf(x) = f(x-h)} for some shift {h}), or perhaps dilations with some normalisation (e.g. {Tf(x) = \frac{1}{\lambda^\alpha} f(\frac{x}{\lambda})} for some dilation factor {\lambda > 0} and some normalisation exponent {\alpha \in {\bf R}}, which can be thought of as the dimensionality of length one is assigning to {f}). If we have
\displaystyle A(Tf) = A(f)
for all symmetries {T \in G} and all {