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Blizzard's Wake Discussion Guide
- Grades: 6–8
About this book
Literature Circle Guide to
BLIZZARD'S WAKE by Phyllis Reynolds Naylor
Phyllis Reynolds Naylor weaves a taut, gripping story about grief, determination, and healing as the lives of the Sterling family and Zeke Dexter bind together. Set against the actual events of the March 1941 blizzard, separate narrative strands introduce Kate Sterling, a teenager still mourning the death of her mother, and Zeke Dexter, the drunk driver who killed Ann Sterling and who has just been released from prison.
Newbery Medal winner Phyllis Reynolds Naylor has published more than 100 books. She says she's not happy unless she spends time writing every day. She lives in Bethesda, Maryland, with her husband Rex, a speech pathologist. She has two grown sons, Jeff and Michael, and three grandchildren. When she's not writing she likes to hike, swim, play the piano, and attend the theater.
Suggested Answers to Literature Circle Questions
1. Why is Zeke Dexter getting out of jail? How long has he been there? Where is he going?
Zeke Dexter is released early from his five-year sentence for negligent homicide. He spends three years, five months, and six days in the North Dakota State Penitentiary and leaves early because of good behavior. He plans to go back to his family home in Grand Forks where his brother lives, but he doesn't know the house has burned down.
2. What is the connection between Zeke and Kate? How does Kate feel about Zeke?
Zeke killed Kate's mother Ann when he got behind the wheel of his car drunk. He missed a stop sign and rammed into the passenger side of "the car of two women coming home from choir practice." (p. 24) Kate hates Zeke and finds herself fantasizing about making him suffer like her mother suffered.
3. What is "the bridge"? Why is it important to Kate?
The bridge is a special project for the county fair that Kate's mother started before she died. She liked to make very detailed models out of broom straws and toothpicks. In the past she made a castle, a Ferris wheel, a Victorian house, a ship, and a birdcage. (p. 36) The bridge was her most difficult project and she had written out the design. It is important to Kate because her mother had cared about these projects and worked very hard on them. The unfinished bridge represents a connection Kate still has with her mother. When Zeke helps her improve upon the design so she can finish the project, it becomes a bridge between Kate and Zeke that allows Kate to see Zeke as more than just the horrible accident he caused.
4. Why can't Zeke reach his brother by phone? What doesn't he know? What problems will this make for him as he heads home?
Zeke doesn't know that his family's house has recently burned down. He assumes he'll be able to live with his brother at the house, at least until he gets a job and saves up some money. Zeke's brother wasn't aware that Zeke was getting out of prison early. Zeke is headed to the house by foot when the blizzard hits. Even if he was able to make it through the storm, there would be no house when he got there.
5. How has Kate been affected by her mother's death? How has it changed her life?
The death of Kate's mother has profoundly affected Kate. She has found that ever since her mother died "there were certain things Kate found she had to avoid to keep the panic away." (p. 22) The things she has to avoid include spending time around the mothers of her friends and having her friends over to her house. She finds holidays and birthdays to be "excruciating." (p. 23) On the school bus or while at home, she is overwhelmed by feelings of guilt and sadness for arguing with her mother the night she was killed, and anger and a desire for revenge because her mother was taken from her. Additionally, more of the housework falls on Kate's shoulders now. (p. 43)
6. List all the ways day-to-day life was different in 1941 from the way life is today. List all the ways it is the same. Many details from the story show that the book is set in an earlier time. Zeke buys an omelette, home fries, and coffee for a total of 15 cents. (p. 54) At Kate's school, sometimes there's a "Trouser Week for girls," but usually "the girls arrived at school with legs as red as lobsters between the hem of their skirts and their ankle socks." (p.22) Kate's house doesn't have electric lines and her father cranks a generator once or twice a week to build enough electricity for the radios and a few light bulbs. (p.75) At the same time, students should be able to draw connections between life in 1941 as depicted in the book and life today. Kate and Jesse like to listen to music and hang out with their friends. Kate loves her kitten and Jesse wants to learn how to drive. The students at Kate's school are worried about war and the state of the world.
7. Imagine you were Jesse or Kate during the blizzard. How would you react to the appearance of Zeke Dexter? What would you do? Why?
Jesse is startled when he realizes the man in the car is Zeke. He doesn't understand why Zeke isn't still in prison and thinks maybe he escaped. Kate is horrified to find Zeke in the car. She doesn't want to rescue this man and she certainly doesn't want him in her home. Over time, Jesse comes to see likable qualities in Zeke. They talk about cars and Jesse realizes that, though he did something horrible, Zeke is a person and is more than the horrible thing he did. It takes Kate longer to see Zeke as more than the accident that claimed her mother. Eventually Zeke helps her fix the bridge project her mother started and Kate begins to see Zeke as human.
8. On page 150 "Kate faced the bitter realization that her heart had been frozen solid, and spring would come to all but her." What does this sentence mean? What keeps Kate's heart so cold and what keeps it from warming?
Kate is stuck. She is trapped in a cycle of tremendous guilt over her last moments with her mother and for hating Zeke for taking her away. She realizes her frozen heart won't allow her to move on. Because she has not forgiven herself, she cannot forgive Zeke, and thus she is trapped while spring, warmth, and life move ahead for everyone else around her.
9. War, from President Roosevelt's address to the nation to Kate's history teacher's lectures, is always in the background of this story. Symbolically speaking, what do the war preparations have to do with the story?
Kate is symbolically at war with herself. She blames herself for arguing with her mother on the last night of her life. She is guilt-ridden to know her last words to her mother were, "I hate you." At the same time, she is at war with Zeke. He is to blame for her mother's death and she wishes he would suffer like her mother did. Toward the end of the book, Kate realizes that only by forgiving herself and by forgiving Zeke will she truly be at peace.
10. Explain the title of the book. What does "wake" mean? What alternative meanings could the title have? What other titles could this book have had?
The word "wake" has multiple meanings. As a noun it can mean, "The trail left by something passing through" as in, the blizzard left destruction in its wake. It can also mean, "A watch kept over the body of a dead person before the funeral." Thus, the title may apply to both the aftermath of the blizzard and of Ann Sterling's death.
11. If Zeke had not ended up at the Sterling's house, how do you think Kate's life would have been different?
Kate is forced to face the man whose actions have haunted her for four long years when he spends time recovering at her house. Although this experience is hard for Kate, it also allows her to face her emotions and move forward. She is compelled to finally tell her father about the argument she had with her mother the night she died. Her father is able to help her see that her mother knew Kate loved her, even if Kate had been angry with her. Ultimately Kate realizes she must forgive both herself and Zeke. Without Zeke's presence in her house, she might not have found a way to move forward, or she possibly would have come to these realizations from a different set of circumstances.
12. At the end of the book, Kate writes Zeke a letter. What do you imagine he thinks of it? What do you think he would have said if he wrote a letter back to her?
When Kate receives a letter from a boy at school, Zeke tells her he has never received a letter himself. Students may point out Zeke would be surprised to receive a letter from Kate, and because she had been so angry at him, he might initially be concerned about what she had to say. Students may have differing opinions about how Zeke would react after reading Kate's letter. He might be very touched. He might feel sad about what he had done. If he wrote back to Kate, he might tell her how sorry he is about killing her mother. He might promise her


Tag Archives: BIBR 1532
Hematopoiesis, the procedure where the hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors differentiate
Hematopoiesis, the procedure where the hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors differentiate into bloodstream cells of varied lineages, involves complicated connections of transcription elements that modulate the appearance of downstream genes and mediate proliferation and differentiation indicators. mutations result in the overexpression or constitutive activation from the tyrosine kinase receptor. Many reports indicate that sufferers with […]


text: Analysing Vietnam's rice export policy and recent export ban in the context of rising food prices, this study combines insights from a regionally-disaggregated or 'bottom-up' CGE model and a micro-simulation using household data. Three main conclusions are drawn. First, although there is little impact on GDP, there are substantial distributional impacts across regions and households from different export policies and market conditions. Second, both rural and urban households, including poor households, benefit from free trade, even though domestic rice prices are higher. Finally, under free trade, relatively large gains accrue to rural households, where poverty is most pervasive in Vietnam.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Wuensche, C. A.; Reitano, L.; Peel, M. W.; Browne, I. W. A.; Maffei, B.; Abdalla, E.; Radcliffe, C.; Abdalla, F.; Barosi, L.; Liccardo, V.; Mericia, E.; Pisano, G.; Strauss, C.; Vieira, F.; Villela, T.; Wang, B.
The Baryon acoustic oscillations from Integrated Neutral Gas Observations (BINGO) telescope is a 40-m class radio telescope under construction that has been designed to measure the large-angular-scale intensity of Hi emission at _PHONE_ MHz and hence to constrain dark energy parameters. A large focal plane array comprising of 1.7-metre diameter, 4.3-metre length corrugated feed horns is required in order to optimally illuminate the telescope. Additionally, very clean beams with low sidelobes across a broad frequency range are required, in order to facilitate the separation of the faint Hi emission from bright Galactic foreground emission. Using novel construction methods, a full-sized prototype horn has been assembled. It has an average insertion loss of around - 0.15 dB across the band, with a return loss around 25 dB. The main beam is Gaussian with the first sidelobe at around - 25 dB. A septum polariser to separate the signal into the two hands of circular polarization has also been designed, built and tested.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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A SelectorMap encapsulates a number of Regions that all have the same number of axes and represent the same coordinate Frame. The number of inputs (Nin attribute) of the SelectorMap equals the number of axes spanned by one of the encapsulated Region. All SelectorMaps have only a single output. SelectorMaps do not define an inverse transformation.
For each input position, the forward transformation of a SelectorMap searches through the encapsulated Regions (in the order supplied when the SelectorMap was created) until a Region is found which contains the input position. The index associated with this Region is returned as the SelectorMap output value (the index value is the position of the Region within the list of Regions supplied when the SelectorMap was created, starting at 1 for the first Region). If an input position is not contained within any Region, a value of zero is returned by the forward transformation.
If a compound Mapping contains a SelectorMap in series with its own inverse, the combination of the two adjacent SelectorMaps will be replaced by a UnitMap when the compound Mapping is simplified using AST_SIMPLIFY.
In practice, SelectorMaps are often used in conjunction with SwitchMaps.
AST A Library for Handling World Coordinate Systems in Astronomy

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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"A prototype of the battery-powered armor stopped a 7.62mm rifle round in a test to see how well it could stop bullets. The Raytheon team that built the battery says it can power military vehicles' electronics without running the engine, reducing the need for costly and dangerous fuel convoys."
Raytheon, one of the world's-largest military contractors, says it has developed a new type of vehicle armor that also doubles as a battery.
There's a big payoff for batteries that can stop bullets, the company says. Even as it can protect those in combat, it can also lighten their load by reducing the need for fuel convoys and lessening the need for engine run times.
First described in a 2015 patent—"Method and apparatus for armor having integrated battery power"—the armor was designed with multiple layers of electrical conductors, like what's called high-hardened steel with ceramic insulators, that happen to also be bullet-resistant.
That means, Raytheon claims, that while bullets can't penetrate the armor, power can go right through it.
The armor is said to be able to stop a 7.62mm sniper-rifle round. And even if a bullet penetrates the battery, only the affected cell will cease working while the others will continue to provide electricity.
Raytheon says the batteries are meant to store energy generated by the motion of the military vehicles. That means crews can switch to battery power when they stop moving, avoiding the necessity to keep the engine running simply to keep all the onboard electronics powered up.
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LOS ALAMOS, N.M., Jan. 27, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- UbiQD, Inc., a New Mexico-based advanced materials company, announced today that it has published the groundbreaking results of the first phase of its NASA-funded plant trials in the open-access Nature Research journal, "Communications Biology." The study validates the use of quantum dots for optimized crop growth on space missions. The collaborative research and development project with the University of Arizona's Controlled Environment Agriculture Center (UA-CEAC) demonstrated a 13% biomass improvement for red romaine lettuce using UbiQD's orange-emitting, luminescent greenhouse product UbiGro™, and a 9% increase for a new red-emitting film.
The plant trial was designed to maintain all growth parameters except spectrum, and showed improved photosynthetic efficiency under the film treatments compared to the unmodified control case. These results demonstrate the importance of light color on plant growth, and how this technology can improve crop productivity, both on Earth and in Space.
"We are grateful for the opportunity to develop an understanding of quantum dot capabilities to improve crop production," said Gene Giacomelli, a professor of Biosystems Engineering at University of Arizona, who leads the work at UA-CEAC. "Ultimately, UbiQD's technology is about the betterment of crop production, and will lead to new strategies for optimizing production in greenhouses."
In late 2018, UbiQD was awarded the phase I contract as part of NASA's strategic mission to advance capabilities for food production in space. In 2020, NASA awarded UbiQD a phase II contract for exploring new light recipes, and the company also received a matching award from the New Mexico Economic Development Department to further commercialization.
Read the full research study here.
About UbiQD, Inc.
UbiQD is an advanced materials company powering product innovations in agriculture, clean energy, and security. Our quantum dots enable industry leaders to harness the power of light. Our first product, UbiGro®, is a layer of light that uses fluorescence to create a more optimal greenhouse spectrum for crops. Headquartered in Los Alamos, New Mexico, the company is licensing technology developed at leading research institutions, including Los Alamos National Laboratory and MIT. To learn more, please visit: _URL_ and _URL_.
SOURCE UbiQD, Inc.


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Making Sense of Sense-Making
In an era of transboundary crises, Europe faces the daunting challenge of coordinating joint responses in an effective and timely way. Recent transboundary crises such as the Icelandic Ash Cloud (2010), food contamination incidents and the financial breakdown revealed a key part of that challenge: sifting through relevant information, building an accurate picture of what is happening, and communicating that analysis to political decision-makers. Academic researchers refer to this process in terms of 'sense-making'. To create joint capacity for sense-making is one of the prominent elements of the EU's ambitions to play a role in the management of transboundary crises. The number of early-warning, rapid-alert, and common communication platforms in the EU has multiplied in recent years but with little central guidance or overall rationale.
This report tries to 'make sense of sense-making' tools in the EU by providing the most comprehensive overview to date. We ask what sense-making tools are available at the EU level, document what they are intended to do, and explore what these tools offer in terms of 'added-value' to European states. Using official documents, secondary literature and interviews with policy officials, this report maps the sense-making landscape of the EU. After drawing out key patterns and offering an inventory of tools relevant to sense-making, we conclude by discussing the problems and prospects of the EU's role.
Format: Mjuk pärm
Serie: Försvarshögskolans acta. B
Serie 2: Swedish National Defence College acta. B


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The challenge: Emergency wards are overcrowded
Emergency departments are increasingly overcrowded and can struggle to respond to day-to-day arrivals in a timely manner.
Most hospitals would currently have difficulty meeting the four-hour National Emergency Access Target set by the Australian Government in its 2012 MyHospitals report.
Contrary to conventional wisdom that emergency patient volumes are unpredictable, we have found that the number of admissions per day can be predicted with remarkable accuracy.
Our response: Developing tools to predict hospital demands
Hospital patient admission prediction tool: Dr James Lind describes how this tool helps hospitals manage patient load.
We have developed new software tools to accurately forecast demand and help ensure access to emergency care and a hospital bed.
These tools use a hospital's historical data to provide an accurate prediction of the expected patient load, their medical urgency and specialty, and how many will be admitted and discharged.
We are investigating how they can be used to help an entire hospital run more smoothly and efficiently, from reducing 'bed block' in emergency departments to minimising waiting time for elective surgery.
The first technology is called the Patient Admission and Prediction Tool (PAPT) and was developed at our Australian eHealth Research Centre in partnership with Queensland Health, Griffith University and Queensland University of Technology.
We are extending PAPT to predict diseases such as influenza and the hospital admissions of patients with chronic diseases.
Demand Prediction Analysis Tool is our second prediction technology and an adaptation of PAPT. It is being trialled in Victoria for the first time through the Victorian Government Technology Innovation Fund.
The results: Improving health outcomes
The tools have been shown to have a 90 per cent accuracy rate in forecasting bed demand. If the entire country was to adopt prediction tools like this, a huge $23 million in annual savings could be made across Australia.
PAPT is being used by more than 30 Queensland hospitals to assist with:
- bed management
- staff resourcing
- scheduling of elective surgery.
For patients the system has delivered improved health outcomes such as:
- timely delivery of emergency care
- improved quality of care
- less time spent in hospital.
PAPT also received the 2012 CeBIT Business Award for Innovation.


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The latest version of the standard IEC 60156 'Insulating liquids - Determination of the breakdown voltage at power frequency - Test method' was published in August 2018 as Edition 3.0. This standard follows the two previously published versions in 1963 and 1995. The test method described in practically all IEC 60156 versions defines a procedure in which the insulating liquid is subjected to an increasing AC electrical field until breakdown occurs and it is used for both acceptance testing on unused liquids at the time of their delivery and for establishing the condition of samples taken in monitoring and maintenance of equipment. In this paper the experimental results of 50 Hz breakdown voltages of both mineral and natural ester liquids performed following the tests methods described in the new edition of IEC 60156 are shown. The tests were performed also with the use of different stirring systems.
|Titolo:||Stirring effect in dielectric liquids breakdown voltage determination|
|Data di pubblicazione:||2019|
|Appare nelle tipologie:||4.1 Contributo in Atti di convegno|


Olet täällä
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Vocational education and training in Romania
Short description
This short description contributes to better understanding of vocational education and training (VET) in Romania by providing an insight into its main features and highlighting system developments and current challenges.
Romanian VET offers diverse paths for learners. It comprises professional and technological programmes, regularly updated to combat low participation in lifelong learning and early leaving from education and training.
As many EU countries, Romania has an ageing population. This has an impact on VET, with an 8.5% decrease in the number of VET upper secondary schools since 2012/13. Efforts are being made to increase student participation, enable access to VET, and improve its quality and its relevance to the labour market. Recent system developments include the introduction of a dual VET form: it complements the work-based learning tradition in school-based programmes and aims at making VET a more attractive option for learners, while adapting training better to employer needs.
Vocational education and training in Romania
DOI: 10.2801/256780TI-04-19-220-EN-NISBN: 978-92-_PHONE_/03/20193.27 MB
Educaţia şi formarea profesională în România
DOI: 10.2801/458180TI-04-19-220-RO-NISBN: 978-92-_PHONE_/09/20195.27 MB


Balance Indicator
Posted on May 25, 2012
If your amplifier is fitted with two level controls, it actually offers you a balance control and a level control. A draw
Balance Indicator
Click here to download the full size of the above Circuit.
back of this is that it is quite difficult to set the balance properly. This can be obviated, however, by replacing the two monopotentiometers with stereo versions PI and P2 in the diagram. One half of the pair, P1A and P2A, assumes the tasks of the removed components. The other half Is connected in a bridge circuit. The voltage between wipers of the potentiometers is then a measure of the balance between the two channels. The lower the potential, the better the balance. If you are interested in knowing the degree of unbalance, connect a center-zero moving coil meter with a bias resistor between A and B. With this arrangement, zener diodes Dl and D2 can be omitted: they are necessary only with the LED indicator shown in the diagram to prevent the input voltage of the op amp from getting too close to the level of the supply voltage. The circuit around IC1 is a classical differential amplifier. Resistors R5 and R6 provide a virtual earth for the LEDs, which is necessary to ensure that, in spite of the asymmetrical supply voltage, a positive and a negative output is obtained. Because the LEDs have been included in the feedback loop of the indicator, the circuit is pretty sensitive. At only 40 mV, that is, just 1Uoo of the supply voltage, one of the LEDs begins to light. The maximum current drawn by the LEDs is determined by the values of R5 and R6.
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text: The pharmaceutical inventory management process adopted by the hospitals are facing challenges in data communication, which implied to excess inventory problems as the leading cause of bad forecast of their lack. This study aims to redesign the information flow and business process in the pharmaceutical inventory management by increasing its efficiency by implementing Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) supported by the Internet of Things (IoT). Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) and Structured System Development (SSD) as a method used in this study. Four stages of SSD consist of structuring Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD), relational table, use case diagram, and Data Flow Diagram (DFD) for process improvement. This study proposed five improvement scenarios simulated using iGrafx. The best scenario for the hospital to consider in conducting improvement is VMI intervention, IoT technology in the form of QR Code or RFID Tag, and Hospital Management Information System (HMIS) development. The proposed model resulted in pharmaceutical inventory management's time efficiency to 95.64%, which previously took 22.11 days to 7.72 hours.


Historically Useful: Warm Climate Features
Warm Climate Historic Features
Wide, overhanging eaves form a two-story, wrap-around porch to shield the building from the sun, and provide shaded outdoor work and living space.
Large trees growing near the house provide shade during hot summer months, preventing exterior walls from being exposed to high temperatures.
Sheltered interior courtyard space like this provides much need shade during hot summer months when high temperatures make outdoor activities uncomfortable.
Thick adobe walls provide substantial thermal mass that slows passive heating and cooling. Rooms stay cool even on hot summer days and warm when heated in the cooler months.
Interior shutters like these are not only decorative, but can be closed to keep a room cool by reducing solar gain on hot days.


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Ways forward: national Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health policy
Northern Territory five year development plan
This plan provides an overview of Mental Health Services in the Northern Territory. This is constituted by a network of services organised into seven districts. Districts are responsible for identifying and meeting service needs and supervising staff. While the Centre Program Directorate is responsible for formulating goals and objectives, developing policies and procedures and monitoring goal achievements.
Community based services are provided in all districts and encompass assessment, treatment and continuing care. Services include consultation, liaison, community outreach, and accommodation services. In smaller Districts (Darwin Rural, Alice Springs Rural, Katherine, East Arnhem and Barkly) services are provided by Community Psychiatric Nurses, and in some Districts, Aboriginal Health Workers. The community staff provide visiting services to remote communities in their Districts. Districts are visited on a regular (4-6 weekly) basis by a Psychiatrist from either Darwin or Alice Springs. Darwin and Alice Springs have full Community based multidisciplinary teams for assessment, treatment and ongoing management of people with mental health problems and mental disorders. Living skills, social skills training and other day rehabilitation programs are provided. In Darwin there is also a specialist Child, Adolescent and Family Therapy Team. This provides both direct service and consultation and Liaison to hospitals and other agencies. There is also a Forensic Team in Darwin, and limited Child and Forensic services are provided by the community team in Alice Springs. There is no psychiatric hospital but there are 12 acute, 10 rehabilitation and 10 secure beds in Darwin, and 7 acute, 5 rehabilitation, and 0 secure beds in Alice Springs. There are also 8 transitional beds in Darwin. There is no stand alone psychiatric hospital in the Territory. Current Services vary substantially across districts and are both mainstreamed and integrated.
Services are distributed as far as possible to the population areas delineated below.
Table 5: Estimated prevalence of mental disorder in the NT
ABS Statistical Subdivision
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population
Total population Northern Territory
Number of people with a mental disorder
|Lower Top End NT|
It is estimated, in general, that this service treats about one percent of the population (see 1992–93 Mental Health Act report) and using Andrews' conservative estimate of the treated prevalence rate of 3% this suggests that only one of the population who would be receiving treatment is so doing.
With respect to the Aboriginal people 68.9% reside in rural areas. The 1992-93 report indicates that a total of 172 Aboriginal people were admitted to hospital with 91 into Royal Darwin and 80 into Alice Springs. This was one third of the total numbers in Alice Springs and 16% of those in Darwin. There appears to be no other data available on other utilisations.
It is intended that the plan will continue to fulfil the 1992 National Mental Health Policy principles that notes several issues relevant to Aboriginal Mental Health. The need to address cross cultural issues is emphasised, both for Aboriginal people and the significant numbers of people from ethnic backgrounds.
A key Territory objective is to increase the participation of Aboriginal people in the delivery of Mental Health Services. The draft discussion paper on "Aboriginal Mental Health Training: Identifying the Need' proposes that a mental health curriculum should be developed in conjunction with educational institutions. Pilot training programs in Aboriginal Mental Health, and Aboriginal Mental Health Worker positions will be further developed. As well cultural training for Department staff will be actively developed. In terms of workforce development Aboriginal Mental Health workers will be identified as a new category of Clinical Staff.
Research developments in terms of Aboriginal Mental Health Research are also seen as a priority with the Northern Territory being ideally placed to research this field. There is currently underway a project to develop a measure to assess depression in Aboriginal people (Dr Kyaw, Rural Psychiatrist).
Future directionIt is proposed that the service will continue to provide "a comprehensive, accessible Mental Health Service that encapsulates the concepts of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention, and which is provided in the least restrictive way" (p25).
The relatively recent establishment of this service means that the emphasis is on development rather than reform.
It is proposed that a resource allocation model will be developed to ensure the equitable distribution of mental health resources across the Territory. It is believed that the establishment of Aboriginal Mental Health Workers positions will enhance access. Community services will be enhanced through formalising case management and supplying additional staff, particularly to refine outreach and accommodation services. Community education will also be enhanced.
A specific Objective and Strategy was proposed by the Northern Territory Report with respect to Aboriginal Mental Health as well as other strategies which will be relevant.
Objective 14: Increase participation of Aboriginal people in service delivery
Strategy: To negotiate for Aboriginal Health Workers and Aboriginal Mental Health Workers and to develop and implement pilot training programs and packages and to establish positions by the end of 1995.
Indicators would be the number of positions.


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(a) Severance pay accrues on a day-to-day basis following the recipient's separation from Federal employment. If severance pay begins in the middle of a pay period, 1 day of severance pay accrues for each workday or applicable holiday left in the pay period at the same rate at which basic pay would have accrued if the recipient were still employed. Thereafter, accrual is based on days from Monday through Friday, with each day worth one-fifth of 1 week's severance pay. Accrual ceases when the severance pay entitlement is suspended or terminated, as provided in §§ 550.710 and 550.711. If severance pay is suspended during a nonqualifying time-limited appointment as provided in § 550.710, accrual will resume following separation from that appointment.
(b) Severance payments must be made at the same pay period intervals that salary payments would be made if the recipient were still employed. The amount of the severance payment is computed using the recipient's rate of basic pay in effect immediately before separation, with credit for each day of severance pay accrual during the pay period corresponding to the payment date. A severance payment is subject to appropriate deductions for income and Social Security taxes. Severance payments are the responsibility of the agency employing the recipient at the time of the involuntary separation that triggered the current entitlement to severance pay.
(c) When an individual receives severance pay as the result of an involuntary separation from a qualifying time-limited appointment, the severance payment is based on the rate of basic pay received at the time of that separation. Severance payments are the responsibility of the agency that employed the individual under the qualifying time-limited appointment.
(d) When an individual is in a nonpay status immediately before separation, the amount of the severance payment is determined using the basic pay that he or she would have received if he or she had been in a pay status at the time of separation.
(e) When an individual's severance pay fund is computed under § 550.707(b) using an average rate of basic pay, that average rate is used to determine the amount of the severance payment. Exception: In the case of a seasonal employee, the agency may choose instead to use the employee's rate of basic pay at separation (as computed based on the employee's work schedule during the established seasonal work period) and then authorize severance payments only during that seasonal work period.
(f) In the case of individuals who become employed by a nonappropriated fund instrumentality of the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard under the conditions described in 5 U.S.C. 5595(h)(4), payment of severance pay may be suspended consistent with the rules in 5 U.S.C. 5595(h) and any supplemental regulations issued by the Department of Defense.
(g) Notwithstanding paragraph (b) of this section, an agency may pay severance pay in a single lump sum if expressly authorized by law.


Number of Black Bears in the San Gabriel Mountains
The quoted number of black bears, like nearly all the estimated animal numbers except possibly the number of bighorn sheep, is quite uncertain since no regular census is conducted counting these animals. Since 1983, the California Department of Fish and Game has estimated a population of 400-500 bears. When asked by the press, the spokesman for the DFG, Patrick Moore, has given the lower number in "low production" years, and the higher number in "high production" years. Thus, for example, the number given in PSN on 5/27/99 was "about 500" black bears.
A "recent survey" of ANF personnel yielded estimates of 150-200 up to 400-500 bears "depending upon the biologist contacted".
Source: email from Patrick Moore, 8/23/99.
In addition, the number of black bears changes as a function of time.
Source for Dr. Stewart's estimates: Patrick Moore email, 9/6/99.
The population estimates from various editions of TOTA are:
At a class taught in 1988, Pat Sullivan, director of the Eaton Canyon Nature Center, who is also a fish and game warden, gave the number as 40-50, which may have come from the same source used by Robinson.
Despite Robinson's comments about "the number is decreasing", even in the face of an increase in his reported numbers with time, there seems little doubt that the numbers are in fact larger in 1998 than they have ever been, as reflected in the current estimates by ANF biologists.
A "recent study" found that 50 bears have a home range that includes Mt. Wilson, which is only a small portion of the SGM. (LAT 12/10/01, B10R, which didn't give the reference for the study)
For comparison, the same Yosemite bear stock introduced into the San Bernardino Mountains at the same time has expanded from 16 bears in 1933 to 300-350 bears in the late 1970s to "over 300" in 1989. (The Natural History of California)
Other supporting evidence for an increase in the black bear population is the increased frequency of bears seen in the urban areas near the SGM:
The incidents came from a search of the the L.A. Times archive covering back to 1990. The dates are the date of article, usually a day or two after the actual incident.
The number of black bears in the San Gabriels probably leveled off by ~1991, as shown from the number of bears killed by hunters in L.A. County. Hunters killed 51 bears in L.A. County in _PHONE_, and 46 bears in _PHONE_. These numbers are highly consistent with an average of 9.7 bears killed per year, reflecting an approximately constant population. Since bears produce an average of ~0.5 offspring per bear per year, a population needs to measure in the hundreds in order to be stable against that loss and other mortality sources. Other mortality sources include cars and being killed by authorities after being labeled a problem bear for interactions with people. Jim Davis, a wildlife biologist with the California DFG says:
I think it's fair to say we are probably losing more bears to road kill than to what hunters are taking.
The overall number of bears killed by hunters per year in Southern California has grown significantly in Ventura, Riverside and Santa Barbara counties:
Los Angeles3511167129561313
San Bernardino1623221921241918171714
Santa Barbara2448681923201814
Numbers are from the California Department of Fish and Game, reported in the LAT 12/10/01, p. B10R. Hunting beings in late summer, and ends when a quota of 1500 bears in the entire state is reached, typically in late fall.
Other estimates of the black bear population are:
One has to be cautious in scaling the numbers from other areas, for a variety of reasons, including different densities of food supplies leading to different requirements on the average size of habitat needed, different number and types of animals also sharing the same food sources, different degrees of human influence (providing food sources, removing "problem bears", etc.) and so on. However, in the absence of highly reliable data, such estimates provide a sanity check on quoted numbers.
Hence we have chosen to simply quote the entire range of recent estimates, 150-500, made for the SGM. A number in that range seems reasonable compared to the other estimates.
For intellectual curiosity, to get more accurate numbers, there are at least two methodologies:
See Grizzly Bear And Black Bear Ecology. Both methods require some effort and considerable expense, so more than intellectual curiosity needs to be at stake to devote the resources to a count.
For the sources quoted here, and estimates of other animal populations in the SGM, consult SGM: The Numbers.
Go to:
Copyright © _PHONE_ by Tom Chester and Jane Strong.
Comments and feedback: Tom Chester | Jane Strong
Updated 17 January 2001.


of Easton with no thought of America's greatest foreign volunteer, but when they traveled to Philadelphia to see Lafayette in person during his 1824 visit, they were so impressed that they decided to name the college in his honor. It was therefore resolved "That as a testimony of respect for the talents, virtues and signal services of General Lafayette in the great cause of Freedom, the said institution be named, 'Lafayette' ".
24. Guided by Lafayette's record in racial equality and civil rights, Lafayette College set the standards for the integration in Pennsylvania Colleges by permitting Aaron Huff, an African American who was Lafayette's first black student, to enroll in 1832.
25. Fayette County in Pennsylvania is named as a tribute to Lafayette's crucial aid to the American cause.
26. The American Friends of Lafayette was founded at Lafayette College in 1932 by Stuart Wells Jackson and Judge Walter P. Gardner both of whom were admirers of Lafayette and who had collected many of this Frenchman's letters. These founders were inspired by Lafayette's career as an international humanitarian leader. To them, Lafayette stands also as symbol of the close ties between the United States and France.
27. The University of Pennsylvania, another great Pennsylvania college during the18th century, awarded Lafayette an honorary doctorate in 1787 as a timely reminder of his service to the American cause.
Unfortunately, however, many of our present generation of young Americans have lost sight and interest in the foundations or the historical significance of American Revolutionary War history. We therefore need to remind them and future generations of this millennium that America for many good reasons is still the leader of the free world and that the freedoms we cherish today resulted from the sacrifices of our founding fathers and our foreign volunteers like Lafayette.
Copyright The American Friends of Lafayette 2016
Email: _EMAIL_
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text:
Empirical Research Background: In constructing a reading ability scale for English, it was necessary to take the constituent testlets, items grouped within a single reading passage, seriously. That posed interesting and challenging problems for the calibration process. Empirical Research Aims: This paper attempts to show how to use the testlets as the main units for the construction of the reading ability scale. The exercise highlighted issues relating to item level and testlet level invariance, which would be interesting and informative for Rasch model applications. Empirical Research Sample: The sample in the study is around 5000 primary and secondary students in Hong Kong. Empirical Research Method: The scale calibration uses a series of linked reading comprehension tests acorss the full spectrum of the Hong Kong primary and secondary education. A three-facet Rasch model was used with testlets as an intermediate levels between items and students. The main issue to be considered is the selection of linking items across levels, giving due consideration to possible variance between levels and to the need to maintain invariance across the scale. The achievement of the latter will be the use of the anchoring of the testlets, while allowing some linking items to vary within the context of the testlet. Empirical Research RASCH: Multi-faceted Rasch models were used in the scale calibration. The exercise raises interesting issues on the definition of what constitutes a facet versus item grouping. Empirical Research Results: The exercise enabled the construction of a reading ability scale for English in Hong Kong. Empirical Research Conclusions: The reading ability scale provides the basis for tracking student reading ability in English across the full spectrum of education in Hong Kong. It has already been used in Macau and will be used in Taiwan.
|Publication status||Published - Jul 2009|


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- To: mathgroup at smc.vnet.net
- Subject: [mg2794] Infinity
- From: CHAN MUN CHOONG
- Date: Sun, 17 Dec 1995 02:07:57 -0500
Can someone please tell me how the symbol Infinity in Mathematica is
actually represented in the computer?
When we use Infinity in Integrate, what value does it take?
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Let us see an example of a using definition in the same script.
_TAG_ for connecting to a server
username = 'weblogic'
password = 'weblogic'
url = 't3://egAdm:7001'
connect(username, password, url)
_TAG_ to print a running servers heap details
hf = float(get('HeapFreeCurrent'))/1024
hs = float(get('HeapSizeCurrent'))/1024
hf = hf/1024
hs = hs/1024
print 'HeapFreeCurrent -'+ 'hf' + 'MB'
print 'HeapSizeCurrent -'+ 'hs' + 'MB'
_TAG_ to disconnect from a server
_TAG_ connectToServer definition with no arguments
_TAG_ printHeapDetails with arguments
_TAG_ disconnectFromServer definition with no arguments
In the above script we are connecting to the administration server of a domain and then printing the heap details for the admin server and 2 other managed servers. The logic to navigate to the respective runtime mbean and printing the heap related attributes is being defined as reusable definition and called multiple times.
WLST-BP-4 Use definitions for Reuse


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The Castillo de la Mota (English: Castle of the Butte) was a formidable fortress-turned-prison in existence during the turn of the 15th century. It was situated in the region of Aragon, Spain, where it dominated the plateau, or butte, it was situated on. Originally constructed to defend the region from Moorish advances, a small town grew to surround the castle, which in turn enveloped the village in an outer wall.
From 1504 to 1506, following his attempted escape from the Castel Sant'Angelo, the Castillo de la Mota acted as a prison for Cesare Borgia. Cesare's location was kept a closely guarded secret between Pope Julius II and King Ferdinand II of Aragon; not even the Mentor of the Italian Assassins – Ezio Auditore – was allowed to know of Cesare's whereabouts.
Eventually, Cesare escaped the castle with aid of Micheletto Corella and a bribed prison guard. Having had rope smuggled in for him, Cesare climbed down from his window and snuck past the main gate in his stolen guard uniform. Not long after his escape, the Assassins Ezio Auditore, Niccolò Machiavelli and their friend Leonardo da Vinci arrived at the fortress in pursuit of Micheletto, only to learn of Cesare's escape.


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LIFT IRRIGATION SCHEME
In LIS water is lifted from lower level to higher level with the help of pumps and other equipments. Construction of dams and canals helped tremendously to increase the irrigated area laying at lower level than the dam level, but scarcity of water remained the problem for higher level areas. So as to bring higher level area under irrigation L.I.S. are taken up.
Requirements of L.I.S
- Water Source: Suitable and constant water source should be available for whole year at the site of LIS. Water can be made available through Dams, K.T. Weir, River canal etc.
- Lifting Medium: To lift water to the desired location, lifting medium i.e. pumps are required. Depending upon the Duty point head, discharge the different types of pumps are selected.
- Conveying Medium: Rising main may be of steel, concrete or any other suitable material.
LIS Schematic Diagram
Advantages of L.I.S.
- L.I.S. made irrigation possible at higher level.
- Land acquisition problem in L.I.S. is less.
- Water losses are low.


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Hey there, tofu lovers! Are you tired of bland and watery tofu? Do you want to know how to make it extra firm and flavorful? Well, you've come to the right place. In this article, we'll teach you how to press tofu like a pro, so you can enjoy it in all its glory.
What is Tofu and Why Should You Press It?
Tofu is a popular soy-based food that originated in China. It's also known as bean curd and comes in various textures, from soft to extra firm. Tofu is a versatile ingredient that can be used in many dishes, but one of the biggest complaints about tofu is its bland taste and watery texture. That's where pressing comes in. Pressing tofu removes excess water and allows it to absorb more flavor. It also makes the texture firmer, which is great for grilling, frying, or baking. So, if you want to elevate your tofu game, pressing is essential.
How to Press Tofu
Pressing tofu may seem daunting, but it's actually quite simple. All you need is a block of tofu, paper towels, and something heavy to press it with. Here's a step-by-step guide:1. Remove the tofu from its packaging and drain any excess water. 2. Wrap the tofu in several layers of paper towels. 3. Place the wrapped tofu on a plate or cutting board. 4. Place another plate or cutting board on top of the tofu. 5. Place something heavy on top of the second plate or cutting board. You can use cans, a cast-iron skillet, or a tofu press if you have one. 6. Let the tofu press for at least 30 minutes or up to a few hours. The longer you press it, the firmer it will be. 7. Unwrap the tofu and use it as desired.
Tips for Pressing Tofu
Now that you know the basics of pressing tofu, here are some tips to help you get the best results:1. Use extra-firm tofu for the best texture. 2. Change the paper towels halfway through the pressing process to absorb more water. 3. If you're using a cast-iron skillet or cans to press the tofu, wrap them in foil or plastic wrap to prevent them from sticking to the tofu. 4. If you're planning to marinate the tofu, do it after pressing it for optimal flavor absorption. 5. Don't throw away the excess water from pressing the tofu. You can use it as a substitute for vegetable broth in recipes. 6. If you're short on time, you can press the tofu in a tofu press for faster results.
Pressing tofu is an easy and essential step to improve its flavor and texture. By following our step-by-step guide and tips, you'll be able to press tofu like a pro and enjoy it in a variety of dishes. So, next time you're making a stir-fry or grilling tofu, remember to press it first. Your taste buds will thank you.
Thanks for reading this article on how to press tofu. We hope you found it helpful and informative. If you have any questions or tips to share, please leave them in the comments below. Don't forget to check out our other articles for more cooking tips and recipes. See you soon!


Heidi Batchelder, MSPT
After graduating from University of New England in 2005 with her Master of Physical Therapy degree, Heidi Batchelder has practiced in outpatient clinics in Maine, New Jersey, New York, and Massachusetts. Heidi worked at Midtown Physical Therapy from 2011-2012. She was disappointed when she had to leave because of a job opportunity for her husband that brought them to New England. After a hiatus, Heidi is so excited and grateful for an opportunity to return to the practice that has always felt like home. She values the holistic, individualized care that Midtown Physical Therapy provides.
Heidi uses an evidence-based and patient-centered approach in helping her patients achieve their personal goals. She values building a relationship with her patients and is passionate about helping people move and feel better. Heidi has developed a lifelong interest in wellness and movement. She is a Certified Functional Strength Coach, Certified Ergonomics Assessment Specialist, and a Certified Kinesio Taping Practitioner. She is dedicated to taking regular continuing education classes including multiple courses from the Postural Restoration Institute.
Postural Restoration is a holistic treatment technique based on addressing imbalances in the human body that are created from our naturally asymmetrical design. Having imbalances over time can lead to developing certain movement patterns. When these patterns persist throughout our daily movements including walking, sitting, sleeping, running, and breathing, they can lead to pain, stress, and decreased tolerance to participating in desired activities. Heidi takes the time to assess these patterns in each patient and incorporates manual techniques, individualized exercise programs, and education in a comprehensive approach to treat patient's pain and limitations. Since incorporating Postural Restoration techniques, Heidi has found a lot of success in effectively and efficiently treating her patients.
Heidi became a Certified Ergonomics Assessment Specialist early on in her career. She has found that addressing the way people are moving both in and out of the clinic especially with repetitive activities, including working at a computer or workstation is essential in helping people move, work, and play better.
Heidi currently lives in southern Maine with her husband and yellow lab, Lucy. She enjoys participating in all the outdoor activities offered around the state including hiking, biking, and frequent trips to the beach.
Heidi Batchelder
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Preventing accidents on the treadmill
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Treadmills are a popular and convenient way to exercise, but accidents can occur if proper safety measures are not followed.
Make your treadmill workouts both effective and safe with our Expert-Approved Treadmill Safety Techniques – a must-have guide for all gym-goers.
Taking a few precautions and being mindful of your surroundings can prevent accidents and enjoy a safe treadmill workout. This article will outline tips for preventing accidents on the treadmill.
Familiarize yourself with the treadmill
Before using a new treadmill, take time to familiarize yourself with its controls and safety features. Understand how to start, stop, and adjust the speed and incline, as well as locate the emergency stop button and safety key.
Use the safety key
Always attach the treadmill safety key to your clothing before starting your workout. This will ensure that the machine stops immediately if you lose your balance or fall, preventing further injury.
Maintain proper form and posture
Maintaining proper form while walking or running on the treadmill can help prevent accidents. Keep your head up, shoulders relaxed, and core engaged. Avoid looking down, hunching over, or swinging your arms excessively.
Wear appropriate footwear
Invest in proper running or walking shoes with adequate cushioning, support, and a good fit. Wearing unsupportive or worn-out shoes can increase the risk of accidents due to slipping or loss of balance.
Keep the surrounding area clear
Ensure the area around the treadmill is free from clutter or objects that could cause you to trip or lose your balance. Keep any cords or wires secured and out of the way.
Start and stop gradually
When beginning your workout, start the treadmill at a slow pace and gradually increase the speed. Similarly, when finishing your workout, slow the treadmill down gradually before stepping off to prevent dizziness or loss of balance.
Avoid distractions
While it's tempting to watch TV, read, or use your phone during a treadmill workout, these distractions can increase the risk of accidents. Stay focused on your workout and the treadmill's controls to maintain proper form and awareness of your surroundings.
Use handrails sparingly
While handrails can provide support for those with balance issues, relying on them too much can negatively impact your posture and gait. Use handrails lightly if needed but avoid gripping them tightly or leaning on them during your workout.
Don't jump on or off a moving treadmill
Always ensure the treadmill has come to a complete stop before getting on or off. Jumping on or off a moving treadmill can lead to loss of balance and serious injury.
Keep children and pets away
Keep children and pets away from the treadmill during use. Accidents can occur if they get too close, and they may also be injured by the moving belt or other components.
Conclusion
By following these safety tips and remaining vigilant during your treadmill workouts, you can prevent accidents and enjoy a safe exercise experience. Remember to familiarize yourself with the treadmill's controls and safety features, maintain proper form, and avoid distractions to minimize the risk of accidents.

John Smith is a passionate and experienced gym instructor, dedicated to empowering individuals to become the best versions of themselves through fitness. With over 10 years of professional experience, John has become a trusted authority in the health and wellness industry. Having worked with clients of all ages and fitness levels, John has developed a unique approach that combines a deep understanding of human anatomy and physiology with personalized fitness programs tailored to each client's goals and abilities. John's friendly and motivating demeanor enables him to build strong relationships with clients, guiding them on their journey to optimal health and wellness.
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text:
Is 100mm of concrete enough in naturally-ventilated buildings?
A question often asked by architects and designers is: "Will 100mm of concrete provide enough thermal mass?" The answer largely depends on the extent to which you want to optimise the building design. It is sometimes thought that a 100mm of concrete is sufficient, but this fails to take account of a range of factors including how buildings actually respond to real weather conditions. For example, a naturally-ventilated office with exposed 100mm concrete composite floors (steel decking/soffit with insitu concrete topping) might have sufficient heat capacity to cope with a simple 24-hour heating and cooling cycle. However, in addition to a building's daily cycle, there are also longer cycles related to a typical hot spell (usually three to five days) and also the five working days per week cycle, from which heat will reach different depths within the available thermal mass. In the case of floors in a non-air conditioned building for example, the greater the slab depth, the longer the time period it responds to; the core of a 300mm thick concrete slab responds to the monthly average condition and draws heat in deeper over an extended period of hot weather.
For longer time periods these factors are important because it is the longer-term average room temperatures that define the thermal storage core temperature and hence the temperature gradient that draws heat in to the concrete. So, whilst a 100mm of concrete offers some useful thermal mass, thicker slabs provide greater temperature stability and increased cooling performance across a range of conditions including hot periods.
To help visualise what this means in practice, the graph below shows how the soffit temperature of exposed 100mm and 300mm floors in a naturally-ventilated office respond to hot weather. This was produced using finite difference modelling to calculate the heat transfer at the soffit and into the floor slab over the course of several days, during which there is a shift to warmer weather.
Figure 3 (from Concrete Floors Solutions for Passive and Active Cooling publication): Change in soffit temperature in response to a period of hot weather


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A free-range broiler breeder flock was studied in order to determine the natural patterns of Campylobacter colonization over a period of 63 weeks. Campylobacter sequence types (STs) were not mutually exclusive and on average colonized only 17.7% of the birds tested at any time. Campylobacter STs typically reached a peak in prevalence upon initial detection in the flock before tailing off, although the ST and antigenic flaA short variable region in combination were stable over a number of months. There was evidence that, with a couple of exceptions, the ecology of C. jejuni and C. coli differed, with the latter forming a more stable population. Despite being free range, no newly colonizing STs were detected over a 6-week period in autumn and a 10-week period in winter, towards the end of the study. There was limited evidence that those STs identified among broiler chicken flocks on the same farm site were likely to colonize the breeder flock earlier (R(2) 0.16, P 0.01). These results suggest that there is natural control of Campylobacter dynamics within a flock which could potentially be exploited in designing new intervention strategies, and that the two different species should perhaps be considered separately.
Original publication
Journal article
Environ Microbiol
Publication Date
938 - 946
Animal Husbandry, Animals, Campylobacter, Campylobacter Infections, Chickens, Food Microbiology, Genetic Variation, Multilocus Sequence Typing, Poultry Diseases


device: An overcurrent protection device is a device specially designed for overcurrent protection and can be configured according to specific application requirements.
Rectifier overcurrent protection: In power electronics applications, such as converters, inverters, etc., there is usually rectifier overcurrent protection to prevent device damage.
4. Over temperature protection
Overtemperature protection is a measure used to protect electronic equipment, electrical equipment, or other systems from damage or malfunction when exposed to high temperatures. When the temperature of the equipment or system exceeds the set safety range, the over-temperature protection will be triggered, and corresponding measures will be taken to prevent the temperature from continuing to rise and protect the equipment from damage.
Over-temperature protection components are widely used in occasions that have special requirements on temperature. According to the operating principle, such protection components can be divided into chemical-actuated type and low-temperature alloy-actuated type. The main feature of chemical-actuated products is that they can be used as low-temperature products (some can reach 48°C), but the structure is more complicated and the cost is high. The low-temperature alloy type is mainly operated by a low-temperature fuse with a larger diameter. It must be ensured that the heat generated by the rated current will not melt the fuse.
The main goal of over-temperature protection is to ensure that the equipment operates within a safe temperature range, and avoid dangers such as device failure, burnout, melting or fire caused by excessive temperature.
Common over-temperature protection methods:
Temperature sensor: The temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature of the equipment or system, and feed back the temperature information to the over-temperature protection circuit. Common temperature sensors include thermistors, thermocouples, and temperature sensor chips.
Temperature alarms: In some devices, over-temperature protection is not only about cutting off the power, but also alerting the user that the temperature of the device is too high by triggering an alarm or displaying a temperature warning.
Temperature controller: The temperature controller monitors the temperature of the equipment in real time according to the information provided by the temperature sensor, and controls the temperature of the equipment. When the temperature exceeds the set threshold, the temperature controller can trigger protection actions, such as reducing power, cutting off power supply or issuing an alarm.
5. Reverse polarity protection
Reverse polarity protection is a measure used to protect electronic equipment or circuits from misconnection or reverse power supply. The power supply protection circuit can detect whether the power supply is reversely connected. If the power supply is reversely connected, the circuit will disconnect the power supply to prevent the power supply from being reversely connected and causing damage to the equipment.
The main goal of reverse polarity protection is to detect the polarity of the power input, ensure it is connected correctly, and take appropriate action when a wrong connection is detected, preventing damage to the circuit or equipment.
Common reverse connection protection methods:
Controllable switch reverse polarity protection: Controllable switches (such as thyristors or field effect transistors) can be used to detect the polarity of the power input and quickly cut off the power when a wrong connection is detected to prevent reverse current from entering the device.
Voltage detector: The voltage detector can be used to detect the voltage polarity of the power input terminal, and trigger protective actions, such as cutting off the power or triggering an alarm, when a wrong connection is detected.
Relay protection: use a relay at the power input terminal for polarity detection, if a reverse connection is found, the relay will cut off the power to protect the equipment.
6. Ground protection
Grounding protection is a measure used to protect the safety of electrical equipment and personnel. The main purpose is to prevent or reduce the electric shock damage to the human body when the shell or conductor of the electrical equipment is in danger of electric shock.
A power protection circuit detects a fault in the grounding system, and if the grounding system fails, the circuit disconnects power, preventing damage to equipment from ground faults.
Ground protection can reduce the risk of insulation breakdown of electrical equipment and reduce equipment damage due to ground faults or leakage faults.
Common grounding protection methods:
Shell grounding: Reliably ground the shell of electrical equipment to prevent the shell from being charged and reduce the risk of electric shock.
Ground fault protector: The ground fault protector is used to detect whether there is a ground fault in the electrical equipment. Once the ground fault is detected, the protector will cut off the power supply and prevent the fault current from passing through the casing of the equipment.
Ⅳ. Working principle of circuit protection
The working principle of the circuit protection circuit is to protect the power system from damage or failure by limiting the power supply voltage and current or preventing the power supply from being reversed, so as to ensure the safety and reliability of the power supply system. The key to the working principle of circuit protection is to monitor and detect faults in time, so that protective measures can be taken quickly to prevent faults from causing greater damage or danger.
When selecting a circuit protection circuit, factors such as the load, current, and power supply voltage of the circuit need to be considered, and an appropriate circuit protection circuit should be selected according to the specific situation. At the same time, the protection circuit needs regular inspection and maintenance to ensure the reliability and stability of the circuit.
Specific circuit protection steps:
Circuit protection first needs to monitor parameters in the circuit, such as current, voltage, temperature, etc. Different types of protective devices monitor different parameters according to their design goals.
Once abnormal conditions are detected in the circuit, the circuit protection device will immediately identify these abnormal conditions as faults.
After detecting a fault, the circuit protection device will trigger the corresponding protection action to prevent further expansion of the fault or avoid damage to equipment and personnel.
To protect equipment and circuits from damage or to avoid safety hazards, circuit protection devices interrupt electrical circuits. Breaking the circuit prevents fault current from flowing through the device, preventing it from being overloaded or damaged.
Multiple types of circuit protection
Ⅴ. Importance of circuit protection
1. With the development of electronic products, the function (integration) of IC is getting stronger and stronger, and its "worth" is naturally more and more expensive, so it needs to be protected.
2. The circuit protection device can monitor abnormal conditions in the circuit in time, such as overcurrent, overvoltage, overtemperature, short circuit and other faults, so as to quickly cut off the circuit when a fault occurs, and avoid damage or burnout of the equipment caused by fault current. They play a role in protecting equipment from overload, overvoltage, overcurrent and other factors, prolonging the life of equipment and reducing the cost of repairing and replacing equipment.
3. There are more and more mobile electronic products, such as handhelds, PDAs, notebook computers, camcorders, digital cameras, CD players, etc. These electronic products all need battery components as protective components in battery components and battery chargers.
4. Circuit protection detects and cuts off the overload or short circuit of the equipment in time to avoid energy waste and improve energy utilization efficiency.
5. Electronic products need to prevent lightning strikes and interference between power lines and telephone lines to ensure normal communication and personal safety of users. Therefore, with the development of electronic products, the demand for over-current and over-voltage protection components is on the rise.
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常见问题解答
1、How to avoid malfunction or failure of the circuit protection device?
Make sure to choose a protective device that is suitable for the requirements such as circuit type, rated current and power. Different circuits and equipment require different types of protective devices, so carefully match them when choosing.Regularly maintain and inspect circuit protection devices to ensure their normal operation. Check and clean the guard regularly to make sure it is not loose, oxidized or otherwise damaged.Choose protective gear of a reliable, certified make and model. High-quality products usually have better performance and reliability, reducing the risk of malfunction and failure.
2、What is the relationship between circuit protection and electrical safety?
Through circuit protection, overload protection, short-circuit protection, over-current protection, etc. of electrical equipment can protect the equipment from damage or overload, prolong the life of the equipment, and improve the reliability and stability of the equipment. Circuit protection monitors, detects and responds to faults in electrical systems, they can ensure the safe operation of the electrical system.
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Calculate the oxidation number of phosphorus in the following species.
(a) HPO2-3 and
We calculate oxidation number based on the rules of oxidation. For the unknown oxidation number we assign variable x, and for all the known values for alkali metals, oxygen and halogens, we use the fact that the algebraic sum of all the oxidation states in the compound is equal to the charge on the compound. The oxidation number for hydrogen is +1, Sodium (Na) is +1 and for oxygen is -2.
HPO2-3 è x= +3
Na2S4O6 è x= 5/2
Na2SO3 è x= +4
Na2SO4 è x= +6
The fractional ON of 5/2 can be explained by its structure, where it contains S-S bond, thus the charge being divided by two atoms.
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text:
This Minecraft tutorial explains How to make a Blast Furnace in Minecraft with detailed screenshots and step-by-step instructed process.
When playing Minecraft, one of the tools that every player thinks they must necessarily use right from the start is definitely the blast furnace. In fact, through the use of the blast furnace you will be able to melt different materials such as metals, armor and various tools at twice the speed compared to the normal furnace. Remember that the Blast Furnace is essential for smelting ingots of iron, copper, gold, diamonds, coal, redstone dust, emeralds, coal and more.
These are all resources that you will find essential as you learn to play in Minecraft, because they can serve as a basis for other objects, sometimes as fuel for tools such as the brewing station and therefore their applications are practically endless! Follow this guide to learn about the various steps to take to build a blast furnace. Also remember that you can find a ready-to-use blast furnace by going to a gunsmith's house. Let's start!
Required Materials to create a Blast Furnace in Minecraft:
Creating a Blast Furnace is very simple: you can choose crafting if you are in survival mode, so follow the first option. If you are in creative mode, go directly to the second option.
OPTION ONE: CRAFTING A BLAST FURNACE IN SURVIVAL MODE
1. Open the workbench manufacturing grid
Lay out a workbench along the ground and open the manufacturing grid by right clicking on it. A grid similar to this will appear:
2. Insert the different materials in the grid squares:
Now follow these instructions carefully: insert five iron ingots into the manufacturing grid by placing them in the first three squares at the top and then in the central ones on the right and left. Then proceed by inserting the furnace in the central square. Finally, place three blocks of smooth stones in the remaining squares at the bottom. To better understand how to do this you can follow this image:
A blast furnace will appear as if by magic, ready to be used immediately! Easy right?
ADDITIONAL NOTE: If you don't have a ready-made furnace to be inserted in the grid, you can always create it by first inserting eight blocks of crushed stone into the manufacturing grid, leaving only the central square of the grid empty.
3. Collect the item
Once you have crafted the blast furnace through the workbench crafting grid, all you have to do is click on it and move it to your inventory.
4. Use the blast furnace
To use the blast furnace, just select it from the inventory and right click on any part of the land where you want to place it. Then right-click on it again and the grid will open where you can enter the casting instructions for the materials you want to blend.
OPTION TWO: FIND THE BLAST FURNACE IN CREATIVE MODE
You can easily find the blast furnace, if you are in creative mode, in the "Decorations" section
All screenshots are taken from Dreamtastix YouTube Channel


text:
Watercolour view of Bullers of Buchan by the artist Hon. Georgiana Rushout
Mounted on board, a watercolour view of Bullers of Buchan, a collapsed sea cave adjacent to a village of the same name in Aberdeenshire. Inscribed 'Bullers of Buchan 3rd September 1846 GR'. Harriet (1809 - 1852) and Georgiana (1805 - 1891) Rushout, nieces of George, 3rd Baron Northwick of Northwick Park, Gloucestershire, were two of the children of the Hon. Rev. George Rushout and Lady Caroline Steward who's family seat was Burford House, Shropshire. Their aunt, Hon. Anne Rushout, of Wanstead Grove, was a prolific and highly regarded artist in her time, and her brother, John, the 2nd Baron Northwick, was an avid collector of art, purchasing Thirlestaine House in Cheltenham in order to display his extensive collection. Opening his galleries to the public, the sisters Harriet and Georgiana achieved acclaim from the artist David Roberts in 1843, by painting comprehensive views of the inside of Thirlestaine House.
Through the descendants of George, 3rd Baron Northwick, Northwick Park in Gloucestershire, was inherited by Edward George Spencer-Churchill, grandson of the Duke of Marlborough and cousin of Winston Churchill, whose estate at Northwick Park was dispersed in a series of Christies' sales on the premises in 1964.
This watercolour has since been held in a private collection.
Unframed and mounted on contemporary card bearing the inscription


Quick Answer: What Is Difference Between CRR And SLR?
What is the difference between CRR and LRR?
Commerce Question Create refers to cash reserve ratio which means total percentage of deposits of commercial banks with central banks.
whereas lrr refers to total percentage of deposits in which commercial banks kept itself..
What is SLR example?
What is CRR in banking?
Definition: Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) is a specified minimum fraction of the total deposits of customers, which commercial banks have to hold as reserves either in cash or as deposits with the central bank. … CRR is a crucial monetary policy tool and is used for controlling money supply in an economy.
What is repo rate 2020?
What is SLR rate today?
Current Key RatesDateRepo RateSLRFeb 20205.15%18.25%Oct 20195.15%18.75%Aug 20195.4%19.5%June 20195.75%19.5%21 more rows•May 21, 2020
What do you mean by SLR?
How much is CRR and SLR in India?
What is MSF rate?
Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) is the rate at which RBI lends funds overnight to the banks, which are included in the Second Schedule of Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, against government securities.
What does SLR mean in banking?
statutory liquidity ratioSLR, or statutory liquidity ratio, determines the amount of money a bank needs to invest in certain specified securities, which are predominantly securities issued by the central government and state governments. RBI fixes this limit. Unlike CRR, money invested under the SLR window earn some interests for banks.
What is the purpose of CRR and SLR?
Basic differences between CRR and SLR.SLR (Statutory Liquidity Ratio)Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)This ratio is used by the RBI to control the bank's leverage for credit expansion.CRR is issued by the central bank to control the liquidity in the market.3 more rows•Jul 6, 2019
Which is more liquid CRR or SLR?
CRR is the percentage of money, which a bank has to keep with RBI in the form of cash. On the other hand, SLR is the proportion of liquid assets to time and demand liabilities. … CRR regulates the flow of money in the economy whereas SLR ensures the solvency of the banks.
What is the other name of LRR?
Long-range shooting–organized or otherwise–has always been an equipment race and the modern LRR systems lend versatility rather than bypass it….LRR.AcronymDefinitionLRRLegal Recovery Resource (Georgia)29 more rows
What is the purpose of SLR?
1) One of the main objectives is to prevent commercial banks from liquidating their liquid assets when the RBI raises the CRR. 2) SLR is used by the RBI to control credit flow in the banks. 3) In a way, SLR also makes commercial banks invest in government securities.
What happens if SLR increases?
What is CRR example?
Example: When someone deposits Rs 100 with a bank, it increases the deposits of the bank by Rs 100. If the CRR is 9%, then the bank will have to hold additional Rs 9 with the central bank. This means that the commercial bank will be able to use only Rs 91 for investments and/or lending or credit purpose.
Who keeps SLR?
1. ASSETS ELIGIBLE UNDER SLR. The eligible assets for SLR mainly include cash, gold and approved securities by the RBI. Most banks keep the SLR in the form of government approved securities specifically – central government bonds and treasury bills as they give a reasonable return.
What is CRR and SLR rate 2020?
Which banks have to maintain CRR?
As per the RBI Act 1934, all Scheduled Commercial Banks (that includes public and private sector banks, foreign banks, regional rural banks and co-operative banks) are required to maintain a cash balance on average with the RBI on a fortnightly basis to cater to the CRR requirement.
What is bank rate and repo rate?
What happens when CRR is increased?
When RBI increases the CRR, less funds are available with banks as they have to keep larger protions of their cash in hand with RBI. … Thus hike in CRR leads to increase of interest rates on Loans provided by the Banks. Reduction in CRR sucks money out of the system causing to decrease in money supply.
What is CRR and SLR?


Active Appearance Models
By Abhijeet Kislay (GitHub ID: kislayabhi)
Here we have developed a parameterized face needed by the Active Appearance Model (AAM), where the variability of shape and texture is captured from a representative training set. PCA on shape and texture is applied to produce the face model which describes the trained faces with a photorealistic quality.
AAM is an object model containing statistical information of its shape and texture. It is a powerful way of capturing shape and texture variation from objects. It comes along with an efficient search algorithm that can tell exactly where and how a model is located in a picture frame.
The two models needed to make an AAM are:
 - Shape Models
 - Texture Models
In [1]:
_TAG_ libraries will be used here
_TAG_ Opencv library
 import cv2
except ImportError:
 print "You must have OpenCV installed"
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from modshogun import *
%matplotlib inline
_TAG_ the following function when reading an image through OpenCV and displaying through plt.
def showfig(image, ucmap):
 _TAG_ is a difference in pixel ordering in OpenCV and Matplotlib.
 _TAG_ follows BGR order, while matplotlib follows RGB order.
 if len(image.shape)==3 :
 b,g,r = cv2.split(image) # get b,g,r
 image = cv2.merge([r,g,b]) # switch it to rgb
 imgplot=plt.imshow(image, ucmap)
Shape Model
As mentioned previously, AAMs require a shape model, and this role is played by Active Shape Models (ASMs). In the following section, we have described the method to build it.
The shape model is generated through the combination of shape variations and for that a training set of annotated images is required. That is we need to have several images marked with points on key positions of a face which outlines the main features.
Few of the training images with the landmark points are shown below. There are 68 landmarks on a face. These are usually marked up by hand and they outline several face features, such as mouth contour, nose, eyes, eyebrows, and face shape since they are easier to track:
In [2]:
plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = 17, 7
for i in xrange(1,4):
 data=np.loadtxt('../../../data/AAM/points/%d.pts'%i, usecols=range(2))
 showfig(tim_cootes, None)
The procedures to build an ASM are as follows:
 1. Aligning shapes to a common frame using Generalized Procrustes Analysis
 2. Modeling the dataset shape variation using PCA
Generalized Procrustes Analysis
The alignment of two shapes consists on finding the Similarity parameters (scale, rotation and translation) that best match one shape to another by minimizing a given metric. The classical solution of align two shapes is the Procrustes Analysis method. It align shapes with the same number of landmarks with one-to-one point correspondences, which is sufficient for the AAM standard formulation.
The landmark points that we are provided right now are not aligned in a way that helps us to build an ASM. This can be seen in the following figure:
In [3]:
plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = 7, 7
figure, axis=plt.subplots(1,1)
plt.xlim(0, 480)
plt.ylim(0, 480)
plt.title("The landmark points for all the face images in the training set")
for i in xrange(1,26):
 axis.plot(640-Y[:,0], 480-Y[:,1],'+', color='blue', markersize=5)
A Generalized Procrustes Analysis(GPA) consists of sequentially aligning pairs of shapes with Procrustes using the reference shape (the mean shape) and align others to it.
To facilitate this iterative process, we define a procrustes function below:
In [4]:
def procrustes(X, Y):
 X, Y
 matrices of target and input coordinates. they must have equal
 numbers of points (rows)
 the matrix of transformed Y-values
 n,m = X.shape
 ny,my = Y.shape
 muX = X.mean(0)
 muY = Y.mean(0)
 X0 = X - muX
 Y0 = Y - muY
 ssX = (X0**2.).sum()
 ssY = (Y0**2.).sum()
 # centred Frobenius norm
 normX = np.sqrt(ssX)
 normY = np.sqrt(ssY)
 # scale to equal (unit) norm
 X0 /= normX
 Y0 /= normY
 # optimum rotation matrix of Y
 A =, Y0)
 U,s,Vt = np.linalg.svd(A,full_matrices=False)
 V = Vt.T
 T =, U.T)
 traceTA = s.sum()
 # transformed coords
 Z = normX*traceTA*, T) + muX
 return Z
At the beginning any shape can be chosen to be the initial mean. After the alignment a new estimate for the mean is recomputed and again the shapes are aligned to this mean. The procedure is performed repeatedly until the mean shape don't change significantly within iterations. Normally this procedure converges in two iterations.
In [5]:
# ****GPA*****
# choose any shape as the intial mean
X=np.loadtxt('1.pts', usecols=range(2))
# two iterations are enough
for j in xrange(2):
 _TAG_ training set has 25 images numbered 1,2,..,24,25
 for i in xrange(1,26):
 Y=np.loadtxt('%d.pts'%i, usecols=range(2))
 z=procrustes(X, Y)
 _TAG_ the mean
Lets check the output after applying the GPA over the landmark points that we had:
In [6]:
plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = 7, 7
figure, axis=plt.subplots(1,1)
plt.title("The GPA processed landmark points")
plt.xlim(0, 480)
plt.ylim(0, 480)
for i in xrange(25):
 axis.plot(640-Y_new[i][:,0], 480-Y_new[i][:,1],'+', color='blue', markersize=5)
After aligning these landmarks using GPA, we will arrange them in the following format where the $k$ aligned landmarks in the two dimensions are given as:
$X = (x_1,y_1,...,x_k,y_k)$
It is important to note that each landmark is consistently labelled across all the training images. So, for instance, if the left part of the mouth is landmark number 3 in the first image, it will need to be number 3 in all the other images.
Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
The PCA is a statistical technique that allows data dimension reduction. This process searches for directions in the data that has largest variance and subsequently project the data onto it. For more details checkout this notebook on PCA.
Applying PCA on the previously aligned data, the statistical shape variation can be modeled with:
where new shapes $\mathbf{x}$, are synthesised by deforming the mean shape, $\mathbf{\bar{x}}$, using a weighted linear combination of eigenvectors of the covariance matrix, $\mathbf{E_s}$. $\mathbf{y_s}$ is a vector of shape parameters which represent the weights. $\mathbf{E_s}$ holds $t_s$ most important eigenvectors that explain a user defined variance. It is possible to recover the shape parameters associated with each shape by
where $\mathbf{y_s}$ vector defines a set of deformable model parameters.
In [7]:
_TAG_ the data in the format (x1,y1,...,xk,yk)
for i in xrange(25):
_TAG_ the observation matrix for PCA
_TAG_ it into Shogun RealFeatures format
_TAG_ the PCA mode to AUTO
_TAG_ the number of eigenvectors to hold onto, here three
_TAG_ set. Run it
_TAG_ the eigenvectors of the covariance marix
_TAG_ the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix
_TAG_ the data to their principal components
The variance of the parameter $y_{si}: i = 1,..., ts$ over the training set is given by $λ_i$. Limiting $y_{si}$ between $±3 \sqrt{λ_i} = ±3σ_i$ is safe that the shape generated is similar to the ones in the training set.
The following images shows the first three shape parameters varied between $[-3\sigma_i, +3\sigma_i]$. The first variation mode, as expected displays more information associated, causing a bigger movement between the landmark position. The lower significatives modes cause a more local variation.
In [8]:
plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = 17,5
for parameter_no in xrange(3):[parameter_no]**0.5)
 deviation_data=np.array([-3*std_dev, -1.5*std_dev, 0, 1.5*std_dev, 3*std_dev])
 for deviation in deviation_data:
 _TAG_ one of the parameter
 # reconstruct the shape landmarks,but with the distorted ys
 axis.plot(600-image[:,


text:
Super strategies: PTE Listening Multiple choice choose a single answer
PTE Listening Multiple choice choose a single answer is one of the difficult tasks in PTE academic.
The audio will be played for 60-90 seconds and then you will have to choose the correct answer about the audio.
Understand the question prompt clearly. It is very critical to understand it. It would ask you for opinion, details or main idea about the lecture. So you need to listen to the whole recording and decide which option best describes the overall idea.
Read the question before you read the answer options so that you know what you need to listen.
Scoring guide for Listening: Multiple-choice choose single answer:
Skills assessed: Listening
>> 1 = Correct response
>> 0 = Incorrect response
Task Type details:
- Candidates have to select a single answer to a question about a lecture.
- How many?: 2-3
You may also like: PTE Select missing word(s)


text: All women are naturally connected with the cycles of the Earth. However, both the pressures and the conveniences of modern day life often leave us disconnected from nature and all that is has to offer. In the past, humans based their understanding of how to successfully 'be' on the cycles, symbols, and balance of nature. This immersive and reflective class is designed to help women find their center through meditation and Shinrin-Yoko (forest bathing), express themselves through writing and art, and understand feminine powers to create and make change in the world. The class also encourages environmental stewardship by highlighting the features of the bioregions we are a large part of.


text:
Hotchkiss receives funding from Swedish Research Council Formas
December 6, 2016
Dr. Erin Hotchkiss, an Assistant Professor of Freshwater Ecology in the Department of Biological Sciences, recently received funding for two grants from the Swedish Research Council Formas.
- Hotchkiss is a co-PI on the first grant: "Taking the pulse of Swedish rivers: Using metabolism to monitor ecosystem responses to environmental change".
- Project Goals: (1) determine how rates of ecosystem metabolism in Swedish rivers are shaped by regional climatic and anthropogenic gradients, (2) quantify the extent to which streams in the Swedish landscape degrade terrestrial organic carbon and contribute to greenhouse gas evasion, and (3) advance the use of metabolism as a tool for environmental monitoring programs.
- Hotchkiss is also a collaborator on a second grant: "Changing ice-cover regimes in a warmer climate: Effects on emissions and metabolism of carbon in northern aquatic ecosystems".
- Project Goals: (1) examine seasonal shifts in aquatic carbon metabolism, (2) assess how a shorter ice-covered period will affect whole-system productivity and aquatic CO2 and CH4 emissions on an annual scale, and (3) increase public awareness about climate change effects in northern aquatic ecosystems.
These grants will fund some of Erin's future research and provide exchange opportunities for students between Umeå and Blacksburg. For more information, including proposal summaries, visit the Hotchkiss Lab website: _URL_


text:
Canto general is an expression of intercultural rhetoric in Latin American and unfolds at four defined levels: 1) the one of language, 2) of literary structure, 3) of figurative and symbolic structures and 3) of world vision. The poet displays an ample register, from the formal to the colloquial, while framing his work within the parameters of epic genre. His metaphoric spectrum is wide and pays tribute to the various pre-Columbian cultures. Furthermore, in Canto general we find the displaced individual, the decentered one that moves from one place to the other in a dynamic manner, and one whose memory is fragmented besides. Thus, Neruda traces Latin American history back from its origins to present day.
|Original language||American English|
|State||Published - 1 Jan 2017|


Probing the In Vitro Cytotoxicity of the Veterinary Drug OxytetracyclineReport as inadecuate
Probing the In Vitro Cytotoxicity of the Veterinary Drug Oxytetracycline - Download this document for free, or read online. Document in PDF available to download.
The study investigated the effect of oxytetracycline OTC on the anti-oxidative defense system, the structure hemolysis rate and morphology and function ATP enzyme activity of human red blood cells hRBCs to investigate the possible toxic mechanism of OTC to hRBCs. The experimental results indicate that OTC can cause a decline in the function of the antioxidant defense system of hRBCs, resulting in oxidative stress. OTC can bring about morphological changes to hRBCs, and further leads to hemolysis, when the concentration of OTC is over 8×10−5 M about 164 µg-ml. At a low OTC concentration, below 4×10−5 M 82 µg-ml, OTC can enhance the activity of ATP enzyme of hRBCs, known as hormesis. However, at a high concentration, above 4×10−5 M about 82 µg-ml, the ATP enzymatic activity was inhibited, affecting the function of hRBCs. The estalished mechanism of toxicity of OTC to hRBCs can facilitate a deeper understanding of the toxicity of OTC in vivo.
Author: Zhenxing Chi , Rutao Liu, Hong You, Shanshan Ma, Hao Cui, Qiang Zhang
Source: _URL_
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Select the analysis options for Power and Sample Size for 2-Sample Poisson Rate
Stat > Power and Sample Size > 2-Sample Poisson Rate > Options
Select the alternative hypothesis, specify the significance level for the test, or specify the length of observation.
Alternative Hypothesis
From Alternative Hypothesis, select the hypothesis that you want to test:
 - Less than (R1 < R2): Use this one-sided test to determine whether one population rate is less than another population rate. This one-sided test has greater power than a two-sided test, but it cannot detect whether one population rate is greater than another population rate. If you select this option, the value you enter for Comparison rates (R1) must be less than the value you enter for Baseline rate (R2) on the Power and Sample Size for 2-Sample Poisson Rate dialog box.
 For example, an analyst uses this one-sided test to determine whether the difference in repairs per year for two copiers is less than 0. This one-sided test has greater power to detect whether the difference in repairs is less than 0, but it cannot detect whether the difference is greater than 0.
 - Not equal (R1 ≠ R2): Use this two-sided test to determine whether two population rates are not equal. This two-sided test can detect whether one population rate is less than or greater than another population rate, but it has less power than a one-sided test.
 For example, a quality analyst tests whether the calls per day to two call centers differ. Because any difference in the calls is important, the analyst uses this two-sided test to determine whether the rate at one call center is greater than or less than the rate at the other call center.
 - Greater than (R1 > R2): Use this one-sided test to determine whether one population rate is greater than another population rate. This one-sided test has greater power than a two-sided test, but it cannot detect whether one population rate is less than another population rate. If you select this option, the value you enter for Comparison rates (R1) must be greater than the value you enter for Baseline rate (R2) on the Power and Sample Size for 2-Sample Poisson Rate dialog box.
 For example, a technician uses this one-sided test to determine whether the mean difference between the speeds of two filling machines is greater than 0 seconds per box. This one-sided test has greater power to detect whether the difference in speed is greater than 0, but it cannot detect whether the difference is less than 0.
For more information on selecting a one-sided or two-sided alternative hypothesis, go to About the null and alternative hypotheses.
Significance level
Use the significance level to minimize the power value of the test when the null hypothesis (H0) is true. Higher values for the significance level give the test more power, but also increase the chance of making a type I error, which is rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true.
Usually, a significance level (denoted as α or alpha) of 0.05 works well. A significance level of 0.05 indicates that the risk of concluding that a difference exists—when, actually, no difference exists—is 5%. It also indicates that the power of the test is 0.05 when there is no difference.
 - Choose a higher significance level, such as 0.10, to be more certain that you detect any difference that possibly exists. For example, a quality engineer compares the stability of new ball bearings with the stability of current bearings. The engineer must be highly certain that the new ball bearings are stable because unstable ball bearings could cause a disaster. Therefore, the engineer chooses a significance level of 0.10 to be more certain of detecting any possible difference in the stability of the ball bearings.
 - Choose a lower significance level, such as 0.01, to be more certain that you detect only a difference that actually exists. For example, a scientist at a pharmaceutical company must be very certain that a claim that the company's new drug significantly reduces symptoms is true. The scientist chooses a significance level of 0.01 to be more certain that any significant difference in symptoms does exist.
"Lengths" of observation (time, items, area, volume, etc.)
Enter a value to divide the sample rate of occurrence into a more useful form (sample rate of occurrence ÷ length of observation).
 - When the samples use the same units, enter 1 value to convert both samples.
 - When the samples use different units, enter 2 values to convert the units into the same unit.
For example, the first sample represents defects per quarter and the second sample represents defects per month. To convert both samples to defects per month, enter 3 1. Minitab divides the quarterly rate by 3 to convert it to a monthly rate. Minitab divides the monthly rate by 1, which does not change the rate.
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text:
The law of the water column - function of section lines
In designs that require the overlapping of several bricks, the following should be taken into account: due to the increased pressure of the water column, the water in the bricks runs
downwards. This causes the upper bricks to drain towards the lower bricks. In the latter, the excess water then leads to drainage. This undesirable effect can be minimized by placing foil or even a thin layer of dry foam between the individual bricks, thus interrupting the water column. This ensures that sufficient water is stored in both the upper and lower bricks. Several, especially large OASIS® plug-in foam products are equipped with "cut lines" (narrow recesses in the foam) to interrupt the water column so that drainage is minimized.