text:
|(interface name spec...)|
Describes the name, arity, and (optionally) multiple return values of a function. For example, the signature (sig f (x y)) can be used to describe:
It can also describe a stub:
The names of the arguments is not significant; (sig f (x y)) also describes:
The name of the function and number of arguments are significant; (sig f (x y)) does not describe:
Signatures may also describe functions/stubs with multiple return values. The signature (sig f (a b) (c d)) describes the function:
and the signature:
(con con-name body-expr)Describes a logical contract with the given name and body. The body of a contract may refer to ACL2 primitives, as well as signatures within the same interface or any included interface.
A contract may also describe an axiom:
(include ifc-name)Imports one interface into another. It may refer to any previously-defined interface. Contracts following the include may refer to signatures from the included interface.
Include specifications also entail an obligation; if interface C includes B and B includes A, then C must include A as well. This obligation may be relaxed in the future, so that including B will automatically include A.
For example, the interface IAssociative contains a signature describing a binary function and a contract constraining it to be associative. The contract mulop-associative refers to the signature mulop as well as the built-in ACL2 function equal:
|(sig mulop (x y))|
|(equal (mulop a (mulop b c))|
|(mulop (mulop a b) c))))|
The interface ICommutative includes IAssociative and further constrains mulop to be commutative:
|(equal (mulop a b) (mulop b a))))|
The interface IDistributive includes ICommutative, introduces a new function addop, and states a contract that mulop distributes over addop. Note that IDistributive must also include IAssociative to satisfy the obligation from ICommutative:
|(sig addop (x y))|
|(equal (mulop a (addop b c))|
|(addop (mulop a b) (mulop a c)))))|
The interface IDistributeLists extends IDistributive with functions that perform addop and mulop on lists. Its contract addall/mulall-distributive refers to its own signatures, the imported signatures mulop and addop, and the built-in functions equal, implies, and proper-consp.
|(sig addall (xs))|
|(sig mulall (x ys))|
|(implies (proper-consp bs)|
|(equal (mulop a (addall bs))|
|(addall (mulall a bs))))))|
|(module name body...)|
(import ifc-name (ext-name int-name)...)Makes the bindings of any previously defined interface available inside a module. The module may use signatures as function names and rely on contracts as axioms. If an imported interface includes any other interfaces, the module must import them as well.
An import declaration may optionally bind some or all of the interface's external names to different internal names inside the module. For instance, the following import declaration binds mulop from IAssociative to times:
(import IAssociative (mulop times))
(export ifc-name (ext-name int-name)...)Makes the implementation of a previously defined interface available to clients of a module. The module must provide a definition (internal, imported, or ACL2 built-in) for each signature in the interface; these definitions must satisfy the interface's contracts. If the interface includes other interfaces, the module must either import or export them as well.
The export declaration may supply definitions whose internal names differ from their external signaturse. For instance, the following export declaration provides the builtin ACL2 function * as mulop to implement IAssociative.
The module MDistributive provides an implementation of IDistributive:
|(defun add (a b) (+ a b))|
|(defun mul (a b) (* a b))|
|(export IAssociative (addop add))|
|(export ICommutative (addop add))|
|(export IDistributive (addop add) (mulop mul)))|
The module MDistributeLists provides an implementation of IDistributeLists for any implementation of IDistributive:
|(import IAssociative (addop a))|
|(import ICommutative (addop a))|
|(import IDistributive (addop a) (mulop m))|
|(defun add (xs)|
|(if (endp (cdr xs))|
|(a (car xs) (add (cdr xs)))))|
|(defun mul (x ys)|
|(if (endp xs)|
|(cons (m x (car ys)) (mul x (cdr ys)))))|
|(export IDistributeLists (addall add) (mulall mul)))|
|(link name mod-name...)|
(link MDist MDistributive MDistributeLists)
The compound module MDist links together MDistributive with MDistributeLists. The result is a module that exports both IDistributive and IDistributeLists. It has no imports; the import of MDistributeLists is resolved to the export of MDistributive. Despite the duplicate definitions of add and mul in the component modules, there are no name clashes in MDist; addop and mulop are based on the functions from MDistributive, while addall and mulall are based on the functions from MDistributeLists.
A complete Modular ACL2 program is a sequence of interfaces, modules (including compound modules), module invocations, and expressions.
|(mulop (addop 1 2) 3)|
|(require path...)|


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Animal mummies were routinely placed in some type of container once the animal had been wrapped in linen. The more ordinary containers were specially designed or reused pottery jars. Such objects have been found by the tens of thousands in so-called animal cemeteries at a number of sites in Egypt.
At times elaborate coffins were crafted to hold the animal mummies. Just as human coffins were anthropoid, 50 animal coffins took the form of the animal contained. The ibis mummy held by this coffin was placed within through the detachable lid on the back. The gilding of the body and the exquisite detailing of the head, legs, and feet make this example one of the finest of its kind.
- Medium: Wood, silver, gold, and rock crystal
- Possible Place Collected: Tuna el-Gebel, Egypt
- Dates: 305-30 B.C.E.
- Period: Ptolemaic Period with later additions
- Dimensions: 15 1/16 x 7 15/16 x 21 15/16 in. (38.2 x 20.2 x 55.8 cm) (show scale)
- Collections:Egyptian, Classical, Ancient Near Eastern Art
- Museum Location: This item is not on view
- Accession Number: 49.48
- Credit Line: Charles Edwin Wilbour Fund
- Rights Statement: Creative Commons-BY
- Caption: Ibis Coffin, 305-30 B.C.E. Wood, silver, gold, and rock crystal, 15 1/16 x 7 15/16 x 21 15/16 in. (38.2 x 20.2 x 55.8 cm). Brooklyn Museum, Charles Edwin Wilbour Fund, 49.48. Creative Commons-BY
- Catalogue Description: Standing figure of an ibis serving as container for mummified ibis. Wooden body, entire surface gilded. Conventionalized tail indicated by black paint over the gilt. Top of body cut for cover which runs entire length of body. Head and feet cast (solid?) in silver. Eyes of crystal outlined in gold. Incised necklace at base of neck. Mounted on oblong wooden base, apparently original, of rough work. Mummified ibis within body. Condition: Intact. Minor chips along edges of cover. One section on front of body where gesso base has lifted and cracked. Gilt is covered with resin (?) which may be remains of a varnish.
- Record Completeness: Best (91%)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
How can mobile network operators optimise the network to give their subscribers the best performance for specific social media and data apps?
The best way to do so would be to understand how users are experiencing the application, and then understand what network optimisations will affect that QoE for the better.
But understanding the impact that the mobile network itself has on app QoE is not easy, as this large scale field trial investigating the performance of Facebook and Dropbox apps on the network found.
This report from Rohde & Schwarz explains the impact that various factors have on the final performance of an app. That includes the behaviour of the app itself, server availability and performance, as well as network parameters.
The report details:
– How the QoE of interactions with data smartphone apps can be measured
– The characteristics of a data transfer with a popular service like Facebook compared to a plain HTTP transfer to a self-hosted server
– How app tests should be used in mobile network testing campaigns
– The best process operators can take to optimise app performance

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Assessment of beech scale resistance in fulland half-sibling American beech families
A beech bark disease infested American beech tree (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) and two uninfested trees were selected in a mature natural stand in Michigan, USA, and mated to form two full-sib families for evaluating the inheritance of resistance to beech scale (Cryptococcus fagisuga Lind.), the insect element of beech bark disease. Four half-sib families from both infested and uninfested trees were also evaluated for resistance. Using an artificial infestation technique, adult and egg count data were collected over 2 years and analyzed with generalized linear mixed methods to account for nonnormal distributions of the response variables. A significant effect for family was found for each variable. Family least squares means were computed as a measure of resistance and repeatabilities were calculated to provide an upper limit estimate of broad-sense heritability. The two families that ranked highest for resistance were the full-sib family from two uninfested parents and the half-sib family from a stand where all diseased trees had been removed. Together, the results suggest that selection and breeding may be an effective means to improve populations for artificial regeneration, and silvicultural treatments may provide an effective management option for mitigating beech bark disease through managing the genetic composition of natural regeneration.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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If you want to give your art quilts or fiber art a unique design, one of the easiest ways is with fabric painting and surface design techniques. And one of the simplest ways to apply fabric paints or inks in a unique way is with monoprinting.
|Margarita Korioth made a monoprint on fabric
with a collagraph plate she created.
In the February/March 2013 issue of Quilting Arts Magazine
, Margarita Korioth demonstrates how to create a monoprint on fabric with a collagraph plate. A collagraph is essentially a raised collage that serves as a printing plate. Instead of carving into the plate, you build up the surface with collage elements. You can use anything from cardboard or fun foam cutouts to found objects to build up the surface design on the plate.
Here is an excerpt from Margarita's article, explaining how to make a durable collagraph plate
. Margarita writes:
1. Using a pen, draw the design you want to print on the unprinted side of a piece cardboard. For my examples, I drew floral designs, vases, and leaves. Once you are satisfied with your design, cut the individual components from the cardboard.
2. Arrange the cut pieces on the unprinted side of the other piece of cardboard and glue them in place.
Consider adding more texture to the collagraph plate by gluing string onto the design. Keep in mind that whatever is glued to the collagraph plate will be printed, so make your designs interesting with different shapes and textures.
Tip: If you add string to your collagraph plate, first glue the cut shapes to the plate and then glue the string.
3. Set aside the collagraph plate and allow it to dry thoroughly. This may take several hours.
4. Cover the entire design side of the plate with 2 coats of liquid gel medium, being careful to put an even coat over the surface of the design. Be sure to let the gel medium dry completely between coats.
|A collagraph monoprint can be made from
a small, shaped plate.
5. Cover the back side of the plate with 1 coat of gel medium. Allow the plate to dry completely.
Now you have a durable plate for printing on fabric (or paper).
Margarita demonstrates the entire collagraph printing process and gives tips on monprinting with gelatin plates, in the February/March issue of Quilting Arts
I hope you enjoy learning about her process and the unique look it gives her quilt art as much as I did and consider trying this technique yourself.
P.S. Have you made monoprints on fabric? What method did you use, and how did it come out? Describe your experience and any tips you have below.


text:
Does the sequence defined by (-1)^n diverge or oscillate? I know technically it oscillates but in my MCQ options there are 4 options in which oscillation is not given.
the options are:
3. absolutely converges
4. none of these
therefore, would the answer be none of these or "Diverges"?
P.S: is oscilllation a sub-set of diverging? (something like if oscillation is happening then it must diverge? )


Stereotypic Movement Disorder Symptoms
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Symptoms related to Stereotypic Movement Disorder, a childhood disorder characterized by repetitive, seemingly driven, and nonfunctional motor behavior. The behavior markedly interferes with normal activities or results in self-inflicted bodily injury that requires medical treatment (or would result in an injury if preventive measures were not used).
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The Latest in Black Tech + Creative
Black Women in Tech: Annie Easley
Working at NASA before it was even called NASA, Annie Easley was a leading pioneer in computer coding. During a time when black people weren't allowed to sit at the same table as their white counterparts let alone work for them, Easley was crucial to getting military, weather, and communication satellites into space. How did she become one of the leading black women in tech?
Annie Easley's Early Career
Annie Easley was born in Birmingham, AL and raised by a single mother who told her "you can do anything you want to, but you have to work at it." And that she did, moving to New Orleans to attend Xavier University to pursue a degree in pharmacy. She left without finishing, moving to Cleveland when she got married. She tried to go back to her pharmaceutical studies but the local pharmacy school shut down. But one fateful day in 1955, she opened up a Cleveland newspaper and read an article about twin sisters working as human computers at NACA (aka the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics). She applied for the job the very next day and was hired.
But wait, what is a human computer? If you remember the movie Hidden Figures, it was a person who had to do analyze data and do mathematical calculations for engineers and researchers. Women were able to land jobs like these back in Easley's time.
Read more about human computers and the other women who worked for NASA.
Annie Easley and the Centaur Project
When the Soviet Union launched the first satellite to orbit the earth, the United States government got a little jealous. NACA was scrapped and NASA (short for National Aeronautics and Space Administration) was created in its place. All the while Easley was still running calculations for the agency engineers in the Computer Services Division, being only one of four black employees in a staff of 2,500 people.
In order for the US to get its own satellites into space, NASA needed to have high powered rockets to launch them. The Centaur was one of those rockets and Easley was part of making that rocket a reality. Her coding skills helped put together the energy conversion system that get this kind of rocket into space during the late 1960s. The Centaur became NASA's "workhouse in space" launching many US satellites into space.
Annie Easley's Legacy
Easley's programming skills went far beyond the Centaur project. When actual computers began to do the heavy calculating, she adapted, learning how to code using programming languages like Fortran (short for Formula Translating System) and Simple Object Access Protocol (aka SOAP). She went back to school while working full-time, even when NASA refused to pay for it because she was black. In 1977 she earned her Bachelor of Degree in Science from Cleveland University. She continued her coding and research of energy systems at NASA for the next thirty-four years, retiring in 1984. She continued to inspire black women in tech until she passed away on June 25, 2011.
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Lives in Paris, France
The beginning of Friedman's career dates from 1956, when he conceived his Manifeste de l'architecture mobile. In 1958, he founded the Groupe d'études de architecture mobile (GEAM), dissolved in 1962. Since the mid-sixties he has taught at MIT, Princeton, Harvard and Columbia universities. In the following decade he worked for the United Nations and UNESCO, through the dissemination of self-building manuals in African countries, South America and India. He also authored books dealing with technical subjects (For a scientific architecture, Workshop 1975), sociological (L'architecture du survie, L'éclat 2003) and epistemological (L'univers erratique, PUF 1994). Friedman's most important book is perhaps Utopies Réalisables, published in France in 1975. Friedman has participated in many art and architecture exhibitions such as: Yokohama Triennale (2002), Venice Biennale (2003, 2005, 2009), and the Shanghai Biennale (2007).


other)
Bulk update of this object with another one. It's used to merge a smaller and younger $other object into the current one. If this file is a Z file, then we normally do not merge in objects of type delete; this can be overridden by setting keep_delete_objects_forever. But if we encounter an object of type delete we delete the corresponding new object if we have it.
If there is nothing to be merged, nothing is done.
Hashref denoting when this recentfile has been merged into some other at which epoch.
$hashref = $obj->meta_data
Returns the hashref of metadata that the server has to add to the recentfile.
$success = $obj->mirror ( %options )
Mirrors the files in this recentfile as reported by recent_events. Options named after, before, max are passed through to the recent_events call. The boolean option piecemeal, if true, causes mirror to only rsync max_files_per_connection and keep track of the rsynced files so that future calls will rsync different files until all files are brought to sync.
$success = $obj->mirror_path ( $arrref | $path )
If the argument is a scalar it is treated as a path. The remote path is mirrored into the local copy. $path is the path found in the recentfile, i.e. it is relative to the root directory of the mirror.
If the argument is an array reference then all elements are treated as a path below the current tree and all are rsynced with a single command (and a single connection).
$path = $obj->naive_path_normalize ($path)
Takes an absolute unix style path as argument and canonicalizes it to a shorter path if possible, removing things like double slashes or /./ and removes references to../ directories to get a shorter unambiguos path. This is used to make the code easier that determines if a file passed to upgrade() is indeed below our localroot.
$ret = $obj->read_recent_1 ( $data )
Delegate of recent_events() on protocol 1
$array_ref = $obj->recent_events ( %options )
Note: the code relies on the resource being written atomically. We cannot lock because we may have no write access. If the caller has write access (eg. aggregate() or update()), it has to care for any necessary locking and it MUST write atomically.
If $options{after} is specified, only file events after this timestamp are returned.
If $options{before} is specified, only file events before this timestamp are returned.
If $options{max} is specified only a maximum of this many most recent events is returned.
If $options{'skip-deletes'} is specified, no files-to-be-deleted will be returned.
If $options{contains} is specified the value must be a hash reference containing a query. The query may contain the keys epoch, path, and type. Each represents a condition that must be met. If there is more than one such key, the conditions are ANDed.
If $options{info} is specified, it must be a hashref. This hashref will be filled with metadata about the unfiltered recent_events of this object, in key first there is the first item, in key last is the last.
$ret = $obj->rfilename
Just the basename of our recentfile, composed from filenameroot, a dash, interval, and serializer_suffix. E.g. RECENT-6h.yaml
$str = $self->remote_dir
The directory we are mirroring from.
$str = $obj->remoteroot
(void) $obj->remoteroot ( $set )
Get/Set the composed prefix needed when rsyncing from a remote module. If remote_host, remote_module, and remote_dir are set, it is composed from these.
(void) $obj->split_rfilename ( $recentfilename )
Inverse method to rfilename. $recentfilename is a plain filename of the pattern
This filename is split into its parts and the parts are fed to the object itself.
my $rfile = $obj->rfile
Returns the full path of the recentfile
$rsync_obj = $obj->rsync
The File::Rsync object that this object uses for communicating with an upstream server.
(void) $obj->register_rsync_error(_USER_)
(void) $obj->un_register_rsync_error()
Register_rsync_error is called whenever the File::Rsync object fails on an exec (say, connection doesn't succeed). It issues a warning and sleeps for an increasing amount of time. Un_register_rsync_error resets the error count. See also accessor max_rsync_errors.
$clone = $obj->_sparse_clone
Clones just as much from itself that it does not hurt. Experimental method.
Note: what fits better: sparse or shallow? Other suggestions?
$boolean = OBJ->ttl_reached ()
(void) $obj->unlock()
Unlocking is implemented with an rmdir on a locking directory (.lock appended to $rfile).
Sets this recentfile in the state of not'seeded'.
$ret = $obj->update ($path, $type)
$ret = $obj->update ($path, "new", $dirty_epoch)
$ret = $obj->update ()
Enter one file into the local recentfile. $path is the (usually absolute) path. If the path is outside our tree, then it is ignored.
$type is one of new or delete.
Events of type new may set $dirty_epoch. $dirty_epoch is normally not used and the epoch is calculated by the update() routine itself based on current time. But if there is the demand to insert a not-so-current file into the dataset, then the caller sets $dirty_epoch. This causes the epoch of the registered event to become $dirty_epoch or -- if the exact value given is already taken -- a tiny bit more. As compensation the dirtymark of the whole dataset is set to now or the current epoch, whichever is higher. Note: setting the dirty_epoch to the future is prohibited as it's very unlikely to be intended: it definitely might wreak havoc with the index files.
The new file event is unshifted (or, if dirty_epoch is set, inserted at the place it belongs to, according to the rule to have a sequence of strictly decreasing timestamps) to the array of recent_events and the array is shortened to the length of the timespan allowed. This is usually the timespan specified by the interval of this recentfile but as long as this recentfile has not been merged to another one, the timespan may grow without bounds.
The third form runs an update without inserting a new file. This may be desired to truncate a recentfile.
Like update but for many files. $batch is an arrayref containing hashrefs with the structure
 path => $path,
 type => $type,
 epoch => $epoch,
Sets this recentfile in the state of'seeded' which means it has to re-evaluate its uptodateness.
Tells if the recentfile is in the state'seeded'.
True if this object has mirrored the complete interval covered by the current recentfile.
$obj->write_recent ($recent_files_arrayref)
Writes a recentfile based on the current reflection of the current state of the tree limited by the current interval.
$obj->write_0 ($recent_files_arrayref)
Delegate of write_recent() on protocol 0
$obj->write_1 ($recent_files_arrayref)
Delegate of write_recent() on protocol 1
The following suffixes are supported and trigger the use of these serializers:
".yaml" => "YAML::Syck"
".json" => "JSON"
".sto" => "Storable"
".dd" => "Data::Dumper"
An interval spec is a primitive way to express time spans. Normally it is composed from an integer and a letter.
As a special case, a string that consists only of the single letter Z, stands for MAX_INT seconds.
The following letters express the specified number of seconds:
s => 1
m => 60
h => 60*60
d => 60*60*24
W => 60*60*24*7
M => 60*60*24*30
Q => 60*60*24*90
Y => 60*60*24*365.25
File::Rsync::Mirror::Recent, File::Rsync::Mirror::Recentfile::Done, File::Rsync::Mirror::Recentfile::FakeBigFloat
Memory hungry: it seems all memory is allocated during the initial rsync where a list of all files is maintained in memory.
You can find documentation for this module with the perldoc command.
 perldoc File::Rsync::Mirror::Recentfile
You can also look for information at:
Thanks to RJBS for module-starter.
Andreas König
Copyright 2008,2009 Andreas König.
syntax highlighting:


text:
Animating drag-and-drop sequences (XAML)
Use drag-and-drop animations when users move objects with their fingers, or with an input device such as a mouse or stylus. Common drag-and-drop actions include moving a single item within a list and dropping one item on top of another.
Note Use the drag-and-drop animations only when the user is moving the object. To move the object otherwise, use the reposition animations.
This set of animations consists of the following APIs:
Default drag-support is available in ListView and GridView for XAML. The drag-drop animations are built-in for the items support if you use these in your UI and you don't need to do anything to get these animations. But these animations will be useful if you extend drag-drop functionality into other controls, particularly your own custom controls.
Every drag-and-drop animation sequence begins with a drag start (DragItemThemeAnimation), which is shown when the user begins to drag an object.
This animation modifies the appearance of both the drag source (the object being dragged) and one or more affected objects. An affected object is an object that might change position in response to the drag-and-drop sequence. For example, when you reorder a list, all items in the list other than the drag source are affected objects because their position in the list could change as a result. Affected items are animated to show the user how those items would change position in response to the current action. Note that not all drag sources have affected objects.
The following images show the relation of the drag source to the affected objects in the drag start animation. The first image shows the drag object and its neighbors before the user begins to drag the object.
When the user selects the object and begins to drag it, the dragged object becomes larger and the affected objects become smaller.
The next image shows the case where neighboring objects are not affected.
Every drag-and-drop animation sequence ends with the drag end animation (DropTargetItemThemeAnimation), which is shown when the user drops a dragged object. The drag end animation is never used unless the drag start animation was used first.
The drag end animation places the drag source (the object being dragged) into its final position. At the same time, it removes the visual changes to the drag source and affected items that were applied by the drag start animation. The affected objects in a call to DropTargetItemThemeAnimation are always the same objects used in the call to DragItemThemeAnimation.
The following images show the relation of the drag source to its affected objects in the drag end animation. The first image shows an object before the user drops it into a set of affected objects. The drag source is shown larger than its normal size, and offset from the list. The affected objects are shown smaller than their normal size.
This image shows the case where the dropped object does not affect other objects. The drag source is again larger and offset from the others, but the other objects are shown at their normal size.
Once the user drops the drag source, all objects return to their normal size, repositioned if necessary.
Use the drag between enter animation (DragOverThemeAnimation) when the user drags an object (the drag source) between two other objects that it can be dropped between. This animation shows the user the affected objects that will move apart to make room for the drag source, if the user chooses to drop the drag source in that position.
The following images show the movement of the affected objects in response to the drag source. The first image shows the affected objects before the drag source triggers the drag between enter animation.
In the next image, the drag between enter animation has caused the two objects on either side of the drag source to move apart.
- ListViewItem and GridViewItem: These templates define visual states for drag and multidrag. Drag start states include a DragItemThemeAnimation applied to two parts. Drop target states include a DropTargetItemThemeAnimation. DragOverThemeAnimation is used in reorder hinting visual states, there is one for each direction (bottom, top, left, right) that an item could be dragged in from.
There's base element input event support for drag-drop, and you will need to handle these events in order to define a drag-drop behavior in a custom control. For more info, see UIElement.Drop.
Download XAML ListView and GridView essentials sample and XAML ListView and GridView customizing interactivity sample; run the samples to try the ListView and GridView animations yourself.
See Guidelines and checklist for drag-and-drop animations for design best practices in the use of these animations.
- Animating your UI
- Quickstart: Animating your UI using library animations
- UIElement.Drop event


text: We present a detailed NMR study of the insulator-to-metal transition induced by an applied pressure p in the A15 phase of Cs3C60. We evidence that the insulating antiferromagnetic (AFM) and superconducting (SC) phases coexist only in a narrow p range. At fixed p, in the metallic state above the SC transition Tc, the 133Cs and 13C NMR spin-lattice relaxation data are seemingly governed by a pseudogaplike feature. We prove that this feature, also seen in the 133Cs NMR shift data, is rather a signature of the Mott transition which broadens and smears out progressively for increasing (p, T). The analysis of the variation of the quadrupole splitting νQ of the 133Cs NMR spectrum precludes any cell symmetry change at the Mott transition and only monitors a weak variation of the lattice parameter. These results open an opportunity to consider theoretically the Mott transition in a multiorbital three-dimensional system well beyond its critical point.


) is minimal if it does not contain an elementary substructure.

Let \(\sim\) be an equivalence relation on a class of structures. Then given a structure \(\mathcal A\) we define the \(\sim\) spectrum of \(\mathcal A\) as the set of all sets Turing equivalent to a structure \(\sim\) equivalent to \(\mathcal A\), i.e., \[ DgSp_\sim(\mathcal A)=\{ X\subseteq \omega: \exists \mathcal B \sim \mathcal A \ X\equiv_T \mathcal A\}.\]

Theorem 2. Every bi-embeddability spectrum of a graph is the jump spectrum of an elementary bi-embeddability spectrum of a graph, i.e., for every \(\mathcal G\), there is a graph \(\mathcal G'\) such that \[ DgSp_\approx(\mathcal G')=\{ X: X'\in DgSp_\approxeq(\mathcal G)\}.\]

This result is proven by analyzing the reduction given to prove Theorem 1. We show that this reduction induces a computable bi-transformation with a suitable class of structures.
Dino _EMAIL_ newest preprint Degree spectra of analytic complete equivalence relations just appeared on arXiv.New homepage online2020-08-06T00:00:00+00:002020-08-06T00:00:00+00:00https://drossegger.github.io/news/homepage-online
I just created this new homepage with all my professional information. I hope that you find it interesting and useful. I appreciate feedback, just write me an e-mail.
Dino _EMAIL_ just created this new homepage with all my professional information. I hope that you find it interesting and useful. I appreciate feedback, just write me an e-mail.


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The Lunar Prospector model kit represents NASA's lunar orbiter, which discovered water at the lunar poles and mapped the whole Moon's mineral composition and gravity field. This advanced design model kit has lots of details in gold and silver metal foil, and color lithography. The assembled model is about 1/25 scale, measuring 12? (30 cm.) overall. An easy kit to assemble.
Each model is an accurate, highly detailed, sturdy 3-D model kit with detailed assembly instructions. No cutting is necessary. Striking realism is attained from intricate laser cutting, metal foil bonding and lithography. Each model comes with an 11? x 17? fact sheet containing accurate, graphic descriptions of every part of the spacecraft, together with a complete explanation of its mission in space.


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Lightweight, compact, easy-to-use, all-in-one
Nikon's goal was to create a lightweight, compact, easy-to-use scanner that anyone can use to capture 3D shapes. The P3D incorporates an operating system and quick measurement application, so a PC is not required for simple operations. The width and height of the P3D is less than that of an A4 piece of paper and, at 1.9 kg, it is light enough to carry anywhere.
Incorporates a MEMS-driven mirror
The compact size of the P3D's main body has been made possible by the use of an LD/Laser diode (690 nm) light source. An MEMS-driven mirror is used to project fringe patterns. 3D scan data can be created quickly from these fringe patterns.
The compact P3D body uses a battery to allow it to operate for short periods of time without a power supply. The P3D can be used in narrow spaces or at sites where no power supply is available.
Color point cloud output
The P3D's color camera can capture both color point cloud and shape color cloud data. This data, including color information, can be saved and utilized with a color 3D printer.
The compact main body incorporates an LCD touch panel and quick measurement applications. Pitch, cross section creation and measurements are all possible.
Data capture range
Image connection-Overlap connection and 2D marker connection If a measurement is not possible with a single shot, the two connection functions can be used depending on the application.
Comes with P3D Viewer software
The included P3D Viewer software can be used to perform point cloud reconstruction, denoising, concatenated data creation and quick measurements. Point cloud data can be output in ASCII, STL, and PLY formats.


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Congress on Human Unity
- 8, August, 2022
- 1:16 pm read
We are calling for an open and transparent World Congress on Human Unity, where to exercice and fix human inclusive decision making.
Here we start with its organization by openly deciding how it should look like, therefore we would like you to consider and let us know your view on the following questions:
A. Topics and Aims of the Congress. We propose the following topics or areas of discussion to be addressed there: 1. Communication 2. Education and Humanities 3. Development 4. Security 5.Technologies. The aim of this area is to propose a world common and shared technologies development. We propose the following areas 5.1. Food 5.2. Health 5.3. Environment 5.4. Energy 5.5. Manufacturing 5.6. Mobility and Infrastructures
B. Who shall participate in the Congress?
We think of about 50 participants by area, but the Congress is to be broadcasted live all over the world and all specialists in the world are welcome to be connected to their respective areas of work.
C. What city can be trusted to organize the Congress? Why?


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Tunkin Depression
"The Tunkin Depression volcanic field (also known as the Tunka Depression) covers a broad area immediately west of the SW tip of Lake Baikal. The Khobok group of basaltic cinder cones near the village of Tunka, one of five groups of cinder cones characterized by some sources as late-Pleistocene to Holocene in age, has the largest concentration of vents. Drill cores show that the upper 500 m of the basin is filled with Quaternary tuffs and a dozen lava flows; subsidence continues, partially burying volcanic features. Other well-preserved cinder cones of probable Pleistocene age are located to the SE in the Khamar-Dayan Range. The youngest cinder cones and lava flows are in the NE part of the Tunkin Depression. The age of the latest eruptions has variously been considered to be Pleistocene-to-Holocene or late-Pleistocene." -Smithsonian Volcano Archive
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The Town proposes to meet its wastewater reuse permit requirements and offset Napa River water and groundwater use for agricultural Irrigation by expanding its existing recycled water system to accommodate additional recycled water users. The project includes three phases and would include installation of 20,000 linear feet of 8-inch diameter pipeline, 1,190 linear feet of new 6-inch diameter pipeline, new valves and turnouts for new recycled water customers, and equipment upgrades at the Joint Treatment Plant and the Recycled Water Pump Station to distribute disinfected tertiary recycled water to existing vineyard Irrigation ponds east of the Town of Yountville. Existing agricultural users would use recycled water for irrigation when recycled water is available.
California Department of ConservationCalifornia Department of Fish and Wildlife, Bay Delta Region 3California Department of Parks and RecreationCalifornia Department of Public HealthCalifornia Native American Heritage CommissionCalifornia Regional Water Quality Control Board, San Francisco Bay Region 2Department of Water ResourcesOffice of Historic PreservationResources AgencyState Water Resources Control Board, Division of Water QualityState Water Resources Control Board, Divison of Financial AssistanceState Water Resources Control BoardCalifornia Department of Transportation, District 4
The document was originally posted before CEQAnet had the capability to host attachments for the public.
To obtain the original attachments for this document, please contact the lead agency at the contact information listed above.
You may also contact the OPR via email at _EMAIL_ or via phone at _PHONE_.


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Welcome to a comprehensive guide on resolving the notorious isdone.dll error that has been causing headaches during Windows 10/11 installation of games. In this article, we will delve into effective solutions that will help you bid farewell to this frustrating error message once and for all. So, let's dive in and get your gaming experience back on track!
Causes of the Isdone.dll Error
There are several causes of the isdone. dll error when installing games on Windows 10 or 11. One common cause is a lack of available space on your computer's hard drive. To fix this issue, you can try freeing up space by deleting unnecessary files or moving them to an external storage device. Another possible cause is a problem with the game file itself. To resolve this, you can try downloading the isdone.
dll file from a reliable source and replacing it in the game's installation folder. Additionally, memory problems can also trigger the isdone. dll error. To fix this, you can increase your computer's virtual memory by adjusting the Windows Page File settings.
Increase Virtual Memory or Page File
To increase virtual memory or page file in Windows 10/11 and fix the isdone.dll error during game installations, follow these steps:
1. Press the Windows key + X and select "System" from the menu.
2. In the System window, click on "Advanced system settings" on the left.
3. In the System Properties window, go to the "Advanced" tab and click on "Settings" under the Performance section.
4. In the Performance Options window, go to the "Advanced" tab and click on "Change" under the Virtual Memory section.
5. Uncheck the "Automatically manage paging file size for all drives" box.
6. Select your system drive (usually C:) and choose "Custom size".
7. Set an initial size and a maximum size for the page file. The recommended size is 1.5 times your RAM memory, but you can adjust it based on your needs.
8. Click "OK" to apply the changes and restart your PC.
Increasing the virtual memory can help resolve memory-related issues and prevent isdone.dll errors during game installations.
Expand Hard Drive Space
If you're encountering the isdone.dll error while installing games on Windows 10/11, it could be due to insufficient hard drive space. To fix this issue, follow these steps:
1. Check your hard drive space: Press Windows Key + E to open File Explorer, right-click on your hard drive, and select "Properties." Ensure that you have enough free space for the game installation.
2. Clear unnecessary files: Use the built-in Disk Cleanup tool or a third-party tool like MiniTool Partition Wizard to delete temporary files, system files, and other unnecessary data.
3. Move or delete large files: Identify large files or folders that you no longer need and either move them to an external storage device or delete them to free up space.
4. Increase virtual memory: Press Windows Key + X, select "System," then click on "Advanced system settings." Under the "Performance" tab, click on "Settings" and go to the "Advanced" tab. Click on "Change" under "Virtual memory" and increase the initial and maximum size of the paging file.
By expanding your hard drive space, you can resolve the isdone.dll error and enjoy a smooth gaming experience on your Windows PC.
# Backup the original isdone.dll file
original_path = r'C:\Windows\System32\isdone.dll'
backup_path = r'C:\Windows\System32\isdone.dll.bak'
# Download a known good version of isdone.dll
download_url = '_URL_
downloaded_path = r'C:\Temp\isdone.dll'
# Code to download the file from the provided URL
# Replace the existing isdone.dll with the downloaded version
print("isdone.dll fix applied successfully!")
Please keep in mind that this code snippet is a simplified demonstration and should not be used without proper understanding of the potential risks and consequences of manipulating system files. It is always recommended to seek professional assistance or use official tools provided by trusted sources to fix DLL errors.
Check RAM and Hard Disk for Errors
|Check RAM and Hard Disk for Errors|
In order to fix the isdone.dll error during Windows 10/11 installation games, it is important to ensure that your RAM and hard disk are free from any errors. Here's how you can perform these checks:
To check your RAM for errors, follow these steps:
To check your hard disk for errors, follow these steps:
By checking your RAM and hard disk for errors, you can identify and resolve any underlying issues that may be causing the isdone.dll error during Windows 10/11 installation games.
Re-register the Isdone.dll File
To re-register the Isdone.dll file and fix the isdone.dll error on Windows 10/11 installation games, follow these steps:
1. Open the Command Prompt as an administrator.
2. Type "regsvr32 Isdone.dll" and press Enter to register the DLL file.
3. Restart your computer to apply the changes.
If the error persists, try these additional methods:
1. Use a reliable DLL fixer tool like MiniTool Partition Wizard or DLL-files.com to automatically fix DLL issues.
2. Check if the Isdone.dll file is present in the correct directory. If not, you may need to download it from a reliable source.
3. Ensure that your computer meets the minimum system requirements for the game you're installing.
4. Verify the integrity of the game files using the game's built-in verification tool or through Steam.
5. If you're installing the game from a DVD, clean the disc to remove any scratches or dirt that may be causing read errors.
6. Check your RAM memory for any issues that could be causing memory problems.
Run System File Checker and DISM Scan
To fix the isdone.dll error during Windows 10/11 installation for PC games, you can run the System File Checker (SFC) and DISM Scan. These tools help identify and repair any corrupt or missing system files that may be causing the error. Here's how to do it:
1. Open the Command Prompt as an administrator.
2. Type "sfc /scannow" and press Enter. This will initiate the System File Checker scan, which will check for and fix any issues with system files.
3. Once the scan is complete, type "dism /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth" and press Enter. This will start the DISM Scan, which will repair any corrupted files using Windows Update.
After completing these steps, restart your computer and try installing the game again. If the isdone.dll error persists, you may need to consider other methods such as using a DLL fixer or checking for any specific game file issues.
Install Game in Safe Mode
To install a game in safe mode and fix the isdone.dll error on Windows 10/11, follow these steps:
1. Restart your PC and press the F8 key repeatedly during startup to access the Advanced Boot Options menu.
2. Select "Safe Mode" from the list and press Enter.
3. Once in safe mode, open File Explorer and navigate to the game installation folder.
4. Locate the isdone.dll file and make a backup of it in case anything goes wrong.
5. Download a fresh copy of the isdone.dll file from a reliable source.
6. Replace the existing isdone.dll file with the downloaded one by copying it into the game installation folder.
7. Restart your PC normally and try installing the game again.
This method can help resolve isdone.dll errors by replacing any corrupted or missing DLL files. If the issue persists, further troubleshooting may be required.
Disable Antivirus and Firewall
If you're encountering the isdone.dll error during the installation of games on Windows 10 or 11, disabling your antivirus and firewall can help resolve the issue. These security programs may sometimes interfere with the installation process and cause the error to occur. To disable them, follow these steps:
1. Open the Start menu and search for "Windows Security."
2. Click on "Windows Security" to open the app.
3. In the app, click on "Virus & threat protection" in the left-hand menu.
4. Click on "Manage settings" under the "Virus & threat protection settings" section.
5. Toggle off the "Real-time protection" switch to disable the antivirus.
6. To disable the firewall, go back to the main "Windows Security" page and click on "Firewall & network protection" in the left-hand menu.
7. Click on the network profile you're currently using (e.g., Public or Private).
8. Toggle off the "Windows Defender Firewall" switch to disable the firewall.
Once you've disabled your antivirus and firewall, try installing the game again to see if the isdone.dll error persists.


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One-Week Countdown: Day 4
We're getting so close to April 1!
Yesterday, we featured some tips on how to read your poetry in public. But reading series don't just need readers — they need listeners, too! So, during April, why not try to take in a poetry reading? Most towns have at least one poetry reading series, whether it's an open-mike at a coffee shop or a more formal series with invited readers.
Poetry readings are a mixed bag, of course. If you started going to concert venues to listen to lots of live music, or patronizing galleries to see lots of art, you'd find some music and art you liked and some you didn't. Similarly, if you start attending poetry readings, you'll hear some stuff you like, some stuff you hate, and you'll hear things you think you would like if only the poet were a better reader! But going to poetry readings will expose you to poetry you didn't know existed, help you to develop your own taste, and give you the opportunity to meet other people interested in poetry.
And if you google around for local poetry series and don't find anything, you might just consider starting a reading series yourself! (If you do, here's an article that might give you a little insight into how to get started).


Brooke Laura
Brooke Laura's picture
Basic Info
Wild Gift Class Year:
Better World Expertise:
Community Engagement/Activism
Current Occupation:
Director of Saprinu
Wild Gift encourages me to dream big. They provide a partnership that supports me in transforming my vision into a reality. I am grateful to be a part of such an incredible team, and excited for the journey ahead.
Saprinu is a grassroots organization of sociallyand environmentally-conscious individuals from Nepal and around the world. We are inspired by learning and self-discovery and believe that both are essential to creating a better world. By developing intimate partnerships with individuals and communities, we work together to cultivate nurturing environments that allow people to fully embrace exploration, discovery and creativity. Saprinu believes that every person possesses unique talents; our goal is to provide a platform that enables everyone to discover them. The world becomes a better place when everyone is able to discover their individual talents and pursue them fully.
Saprinu is transforming communities in rural Nepal: creating a place where children have access to a meaningful education; a learning experience where every child has the opportunity to learn and discover new and exciting things; and provide a platform where students are encouraged to explore their talents and passions. Our schools are a place where teachers are excited to come and teach. We invest in and appreciate them and in turn they invest in making their schools the best possible place for students to grow. By placing learning at the heart of the community, we come together to create safe and healthy environments where we flourish together.
We bring life and learning into classrooms, create jobs where there were none, embrace knowledge from older generations and share with the young, explore our hopes and dreams and work together to turn them into a reality. Saprinu is committed to working tirelessly to build lasting partnerships, which will create a better place in which all of us can live.


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A hydraulic model was developed to determine all flows and pressures in a continuous-flow hollow-fiber ultrafiltration (UF) system. A pilot-scale UF system was constructed to test the validity of the model. Deionized water was filtered through the system to simulate nonfouling conditions, and two colloidal suspensions of powdered activated carbon and clay simulated fouling conditions. All flows and pressures were continuously logged for later analysis. For fouling conditions, the flux was described by the resistance-in-series model, and a relationship was developed to describe the increase in effective membrane resistance as a function of time. This fitted function was then input into the hydraulic model to predict the flows and pressures in the system under nonsteady fouling conditions. For nonfouling and fouling conditions, the predicted flows and pressures correlated well with the system flows and pressures.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Number of pages||11|
|Journal||Journal / American Water Works Association|
|State||Published - 1993|
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Water Science and Technology


Effective Date : 14-November-2018
POL-10 Treaty of Waitangi
Plateau School will have practices and procedures in place that reflect our commitment to the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi (protection, partnership, participation); and enable students to experience, understand, respect and show sensitivity for Tikanga Māori (ie values, attitudes, behaviour and Te Reo Māori).
To help do this:
 1. The School will involve the local Māori community to gain an insight into particular needs and values. This can be done by consultation, parent involvement, inviting Māori board membership and leadership.
 2. The School will provide opportunities for students to learn in and about Te Reo Māori and Tikanga Māori.
 3. School programmes will incorporate the values and knowledge of the Māori and in particular local Māori knowledge.
 4. The school will provide cultural experiences and recognise Māori needs with Marae visits, consultation, parental involvement, and use of Māori resources in the community.
 5. Staff development will include Te Reo Māori, Tikanga Māori and cultural sensitivity.
 6. The Board of Trustees and management will use assessment information and analysis to gain a realistic perspective of the achievement of Māori within the school and from this implement programmes as required to allow the Māori students to realise their potential and talents.
 7. The school will work towards the promotion of a Māori perspective and provide programmes that help the students to value dual cultural heritage across all the curriculum areas.


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Corps: Discharges from Lake Okeechobee expected to start middle of next week
MARTIN COUNTY — The Army Corps of Engineers expects the St. Lucie River to start getting Lake Okeechobee discharges around the middle of week.
Exactly when depends on how dry the weather stays and how quickly local rainwater flows through the St. Lucie Lock and Dam drop off.
Meanwhile, water keeps flowing naturally into Lake O from the north via the Kissimmee River basin and unnaturally from the south via "back pumping" water off farmlands and towns.
On Friday, the Army Corps of Engineers announced it would start sending Lake O water to the St. Lucie River as soon as the current flow of 2.2 billion gallons of rainwater runoff from fields in western Martin County drops to 1.8 billion gallons a day.
"Our water management chief estimates five days, depending on how conditions change, for discharges to begin, said corps spokesman John Campbell.
The corps strives to drop the lake level during the winter to about 12 1/2 feet by June 1, the start of the rainy season. The low level gives the lake the capacity to safely take on water from summer rains without rising too much above the preferred maximum level of 15 1/2 feet.
Since the start of what should be the South Florida dry season in late October, the lake has risen about a foot and a half.
BY THE NUMBERS
15 feet 9 1/2 inches: Lake Okeechobee elevation Friday morning
14 feet 6 inches: Lake O elevation Nov. 1, beginning of "dry season"
3 billion: Gallons of water being "back pumped" into Lake O per day as of Friday afternoon
1 foot 8 1/4 inches: Depth of 3 billion gallons of water spread over Stuart city limits
2.2 billion: Gallons of local runoff water flowing into St. Lucie River per day as of Friday afternoon
1 foot 2 1/2 inches: Depth of 2.2 billion gallons of water spread over Stuart city limits
1.8 billion: Corps of Engineers "target" flow at the St. Lucie Lock and Dam


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The Chinese antiques market continues to grow as evidenced by the recent Antiques Roadshow episode that featured a set of rhinoceros libation cups valued at over a million dollars. This morning as I flipped through the channels I came across the Today show and saw a plug for a segment with the owner of the cups. Given all the media attention I thought it might be appropriate to talk a little about why they are so valued and some of the symbolism involved with rhino horns in Chinese culture.
The Penn Museum actually has several carved horns in its Asian section. Three from China and one from Nepal.
The two pictured here were collected in the 1890′s and are some of the earliest pieces to come into the collection. The horns are said to be able to detect poison in liquids and are also used as medicine (although this is a rather dubious claim). The rhinoceros was also once found in Sichuan province but has since been hunted to extinction. The first horn (C374) features a simple landscape scene devoid of any humans while the second piece (7301) has a deeply carved design of trees and rocks and two human figures toward the base. The second one also has a Victorian age stand similar to the ones in the Antiques Road Show.
When I did a search on the database I also found that we have some Mandarin squares, Chinese badges of rank, that depict rhinoceros horns as well.The image on the left shows the full Mandarin square while the close up underneath shows a purple rhino horn flanked by a set of pearls and a piece of coral. The rhino horn is one of eight treasures associated with scholars and the literati. The other seven include: a wish granting pearl, double coins, coral, a sceptre, double lozenges, a stone chime, and an ingot. Many of these show up on Mandarin squares in the wave patterns underneath the various animals. The rhino horns tend to be very stylized so it can be hard to pick them out.
The third cup is a much larger rhinoceros libation cup. The piece is deeply cut with elements of squirrels and grapes across its length. Squirrels and grapes were a popular motif in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and associated with reproductive power. Rhino horns are said to have been taken as an aphrodisiac which may explain the artist's choice in symbolism.
It's a bit strange to see so much focus put on how much the rhino horns are worth monetarily. Last week no one knew about rhino horn libation cups, and this week they are all the rage. This has always been a bit of an issue with me when it comes to the Antiques Roadshow and cultural artifacts and antiquities. How do we celebrate the art of the world and get people excited about culture without creating a demand that leads to looting and poaching? These issues continue to loom 40 years after the Pennsylvania Declaration and museums will have a big role to play in how we proceed with protecting such treasures for future generations to enjoy.


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An important feature added in Adobe AIR 1.5 is support for an encrypted local database. Previously, AIR applications could use a local database, but the database files are readable by any application, making them inappropriate for any use in which security is a concern. On the other hand, AIR has always supported an encrypted local store (that is, an encrypted text file), but that option provides none of the handy database functionality. As of AIR 1.5, your AIR applications can have the best of both worlds, by storing data in an encrypted database.
In this article, I'll start by highlighting the key points and minor differences of working with encrypted databases in an Adobe AIR application, versus working with unencrypted databases. From there, I'll get into the more important subject of using an encrypted database in the most secure method possible.
Creating and Using an Encrypted Database
Before getting into the code, you need to understand two things:
- As with any system that uses encryption, the same encryption key must always be used.
- Although you can later change a database's encryption key, you cannot retroactively encrypt an unencrypted database (or unencrypt an encrypted one, for that matter). In other words, the database must initially be created in an encrypted format.
Creating an encrypted database starts with a File object that represents the database file on the computer, and an SQLConnection object through which all queries will be executed:
var db = air.File.applicationStorageDirectory.resolvePath('example.db'); var conn = new air.SQLConnection();
Next, you establish the error and open-connection handlers; then, open the connection using open() or openAsync(), with the latter generally preferred.
To create the database, provide the mode SQLMode.CREATE as the second argument to either method:
conn.open(db, SQLMode.CREATE); conn.openAsync(db, SQLMode.CREATE);
That code works for unencrypted databases, but for encrypted ones you need to add the encryption key as the fifth argument to open() or the sixth to openAsync():
conn.open(db, SQLMode.CREATE, false, 1024, key); conn.openAsync(db, SQLMode.CREATE, null, false, 1024, key);
The key in that code is the important addition for an encrypted database. The encryption key must be a ByteArray object that's 16 bytes in length (it's therefore a 128-bit key). To create that object, you can do this:
var key = new ByteArray(); key.writeUTFBytes('ActualPassword16');
First, an empty ByteArray object is created, and 16 bytes of data are written to it. Note that the length of the provided string—ActualPassword16—is 16 characters long, each of those characters requiring one byte.
Once the database connection has been opened with the associated key, you would run a CREATE table SQL command on the database, and then insert records as needed. Subsequent uses of the same database merely need to use the same key but open the database using either SQLMode.READ or SQLMode.UPDATE, depending on what actions will later be taken. Attempts to connect to an encrypted database with an incorrect key will trigger an SQLError or SQLErrorEvent with an errorID of 3138. The generic error message will be File opened is not a database file (it actually is a database file—it just can't be decrypted).
This approach (hard-coding the key into the application) will work, but doesn't provide much security. There are two problems with this approach:
- The source code of an AIR application is viewable on the user's computer. With a little bit of effort, a malicious user could find the encryption key and then be able to unlock the database.
- Even if no one knew how to pick through the application's source code, anyone able to run the application—in other words, anyone with access to the computer—will effectively have access to the database as if it were not encrypted in the first place.


text:
This topic will demonstrate how to determine optimum drilling flow rate for both drilling hydraulic optimization methods (the maximum hydraulic horse power and the maximum impact force). If you don't know the equations, please read this article first, Determine Optimum Drilling Flow Rate for Basic System – Drilling Hydraulics.
The information is listed below:
Hole size = 8.5 inch
Depth In = 2,000 ft
Depth out = 6,000 ft
Mud properties at starting point
Mud weight = 9.2 ppg
PV = 13
YP = 10
From the previous post (total pressure loss excluding the bit), we know the equation (shown below)
We can solve the equation to get the flow rate (Q) that match with optimization criteria (Maximum Hydraulic Horsepower or Maximum Impact Force)
Maximum Hydraulic Horsepower will be happened when the pressure drop across the bit is equal to 65% of total pressure loss; therefore, 35% of total pressure loss (Ps) occurs through the drill stem (Po). The equation will be like this Po = 0.35 x Ps. By substituting Po with 0.35Ps into the Equation#1, you can solve for the optimum flow rate which will give you the maximum hydraulic horsepower.
Solve for Q
Maximum Impact Force can be obtained when 48% of total pressure loss is at the bit so 52% of total pressure loss (Ps) occurs through the drill stem (Po). Substituting 52% of Ps into the Equation#1 will allow you to get the optimum flow rate at maximum impact force.
Solve for Q


Convert to
1 hundred cubic foot per second (100 ft3/sec) = 10,194,064,773.15 cubic centimeters per hour (cm3/hr)
Filed under: Main menuflow menuHundred cubic feet per second conversion
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Specific hundred cubic foot per second to cubic centimeter per hour Conversion Results
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* Whole number, decimal or fraction ie: 6, 5.33, 17 3/8
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Convert hundred cubic foot per second (100 ft3/sec) versus cubic centimeters per hour (cm3/hr)
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Or use utilized converter page with the
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conversion result for two
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1 hundred cubic foot per second 100 ft3/sec = 10,194,064,773.15 cubic centimeters per hour cm3/hr
flow converter
What is the international acronym for each of these two flow units?
Prefix or symbol for hundred cubic foot per second is: 100 ft3/sec
Prefix or symbol for cubic centimeter per hour is: cm3/hr
Technical units conversion tool for flow measures. Exchange reading in hundred cubic feet per second unit 100 ft3/sec into cubic centimeters per hour unit cm3/hr as in an equivalent measurement result (two different units but the same identical physical total value, which is also equal to their proportional parts when divided or multiplied).
One hundred cubic foot per second converted into cubic centimeter per hour equals = 10,194,064,773.15 cm3/hr
1 100 ft3/sec = 10,194,064,773.15 cm3/hr
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PHP 7.1.0 Release Candidate 3 Released
Large Objects (LOBs)
At some point in your application, you might find that you need to store "large" data in your database. Large typically means "around 4kb or more", although some databases can happily handle up to 32kb before data becomes "large". Large objects can be either textual or binary in nature. PDO allows you to work with this large data type by using the PDO::PARAM_LOB type code in your PDOStatement::bindParam() or PDOStatement::bindColumn() calls. PDO::PARAM_LOB tells PDO to map the data as a stream, so that you can manipulate it using the PHP Streams API.
Example #1 Displaying an image from a database
This example binds the LOB into the variable named $lob and then sends it to the browser using fpassthru(). Since the LOB is represented as a stream, functions such as fgets(), fread() and stream_get_contents() can be used on it.
<?php
$db
= new PDO('odbc:SAMPLE''db2inst1''ibmdb2');
$stmt $db->prepare("select contenttype, imagedata from images where id=?");
$stmt->execute(array($_GET['id']));
$stmt->bindColumn(1$typePDO::PARAM_STR256);
$stmt->bindColumn(2$lobPDO::PARAM_LOB);
$stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_BOUND);
header("Content-Type: $type");
fpassthru($lob);
?>
Example #2 Inserting an image into a database
This example opens up a file and passes the file handle to PDO to insert it as a LOB. PDO will do its best to get the contents of the file up to the database in the most efficient manner possible.
<?php
$db
= new PDO('odbc:SAMPLE''db2inst1''ibmdb2');
$stmt $db->prepare("insert into images (id, contenttype, imagedata) values (?, ?, ?)");
$id get_new_id(); // some function to allocate a new ID
// assume that we are running as part of a file upload form
// You can find more information in the PHP documentation
$fp fopen($_FILES['file']['tmp_name'], 'rb');
$stmt->bindParam(1$id);
$stmt->bindParam(2$_FILES['file']['type']);
$stmt->bindParam(3$fpPDO::PARAM_LOB);
$db->beginTransaction();
$stmt->execute();
$db->commit();
?>
Example #3 Inserting an image into a database: Oracle
Oracle requires a slightly different syntax for inserting a lob from a file. It's also essential that you perform the insert under a transaction, otherwise your newly inserted LOB will be committed with a zero-length as part of the implicit commit that happens when the query is executed:
<?php
$db
= new PDO('oci:''scott''tiger');
$stmt $db->prepare("insert into images (id, contenttype, imagedata) " .
"VALUES (?, ?, EMPTY_BLOB()) RETURNING imagedata INTO ?");
$id get_new_id(); // some function to allocate a new ID
// assume that we are running as part of a file upload form
// You can find more information in the PHP documentation
$fp fopen($_FILES['file']['tmp_name'], 'rb');
$stmt->bindParam(1$id);
$stmt->bindParam(2$_FILES['file']['type']);
$stmt->bindParam(3$fpPDO::PARAM_LOB);
$db->beginTransaction();
$stmt->execute();
$db->commit();
?>
add a note add a note
User Contributed Notes 6 notes
up
6
diogoko at gmail dot com
7 years ago
PDOStatement's methods bindParam and bindValue also work with strings, as in:
<?php
 $data
= file_get_contents($filename);

$stmt->bindValue(1, $data, PDO::PARAM_LOB);

//...
?>
This was the only way I could make it work with PostgreSQL.
up
6
Jeremy Cook
6 years ago
There seems to be a bug that affects example 1 above. PDO::PARAM_LOB when used with pdo::bindColumn() is supposed to return a stream but it returns a string. Passing this string to fpassthru() then triggers an error with the message 'supplied argument is not a valid stream resource'. This has been reported in bug #40913. The work around is to do the following:
<?php
$stmt
= $db->prepare("select contenttype, imagedata from images where id=?");
$stmt->execute(array($_GET['id']));
$stmt->bindColumn(1, $type, PDO::PARAM_STR, 256);
$stmt->bindColumn(2, $lob, PDO::PARAM_LOB);
$stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_BOUND);
header("Content-Type: $type");
echo(
$lob);
?>
Since the browser is expecting an image after the call to header() writing the string representation of the binary output with echo() has the same affect as calling fpassthru().
up
2
knl at bitflop dot com
8 years ago
I spend a lot of time trying to get this to work, but no matter what I did PDO corrupted my data.
I finally discovered that I had been using:
$pdo->exec('SET CHARACTER SET utf8');
in the TRY part of my connection script.
This off course doesn't work when you feed binary input to PDO using the parameter lob.
up
2
xorinox at gmx dot ch
5 years ago
I find it easier to use stream_get_contens to fetch the data of a lob using the file handle.
<?php
$stmt
= $pdo->con->prepare( 'select * from filetable' );
$stmt->execute();
$res = $stmt->fetchAll( PDO::FETCH_ASSOC );
for(
$i=0; $i<count($res); $i++ ){

$filename = "C:/tmp/".$res[$i]['FILE_ID'].'.xml';

$content = stream_get_contents( $res[$i]['DATA_FILE'] );

file_put_contents( $filename, $content );
}
?>
up
1
_URL_
7 years ago
A big gotcha exists for Oracle users.
You have to save CLOB objects using PDO::PARAM_STR, not PDO::PARAM_LOB.
But you MUST send the 4th argument, usually strlen($subject) or you get a LONG error.
up
0
ben dot leiting at gmail dot com
3 months ago
For selecting data out of Postgres, the data type of the column in the table determined if the parameter bound with PARAM_LOB returned a string or returned a resource.
<?php
// create table log ( data text ) ;
$geth = $dbh->prepare('select data from log ');
$geth->execute();
$geth->bindColumn(1, $dataString, PDO::PARAM_LOB);
$geth->fetch(PDO::FETCH_BOUND);
echo (
$dataString); // $dataString is a string
// create table log ( data bytea ) ;
$geth = $dbh->prepare('select data from log');
$geth->execute();
$geth->bindColumn(1, $dataFH, PDO::PARAM_LOB);
$geth->fetch(PDO::FETCH_BOUND);
fpassthru($dataFH)


text: Portable analytical devices based on a gamut of technologies (Infrared, Raman, X-Ray Fluorescence, Mass Spectrometry, etc.) are now widely available. These tools have seen increasing adoption for field-based assessment by diverse users including military, emergency response, and law enforcement. Frequently, end-users of portable devices are non-scientists who rely on embedded software and the associated algorithms to convert collected data into actionable information. Two classes of problems commonly encountered in field applications are identification and screening. Identification algorithms are designed to scour a library of known materials and determine whether the unknown measurement is consistent with a stored response (or combination of stored responses). Such algorithms can be used to identify a material from many thousands of possible candidates. Screening algorithms evaluate whether at least a subset of features in an unknown measurement correspond to one or more specific substances of interest and are typically configured to detect from a small list potential target analytes. Thus, screening algorithms are much less broadly applicable than identification algorithms; however, they typically provide higher detection rates which makes them attractive for specific applications such as chemical warfare agent or narcotics detection. This paper will present an overview and performance characterization of a combined identification/screening algorithm that has recently been developed. It will be shown that the combined algorithm provides enhanced detection capability more typical of screening algorithms while maintaining a broad identification capability. Additionally, we will highlight how this approach can enable users to incorporate situational awareness during a response.


text:
|Look up a priori in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.|
A priori may refer to:
- A priori knowledge, a type of deduction justified by arguments of a certain kind
- A priori (languages), a type of constructed language
- A priori estimate, a type of estimate for the size of a solution of a differential equation
- A priori probability, a type of probability derived by deductive reasoning, with application in statistical mechanics
- Apriori algorithm, an algorithm used with databases
- A priori and a posteriori
- Priory, a monastery headed by a prior or prioress
- A posteriori (disambiguation)
disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title A priori.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.


text:
Ground Water Pumping from Shallow Axisymmetric Pondsby Mustafa M. Aral, (M.ASCE), Assoc. Prof.; School of Civ. Engrg., Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga.,
Terry W. Sturm, (A.M.ASCE), Asst. Prof.; School of Civ. Engrg., Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga.,
Serial Information: Journal of the Hydraulics Division, 1982, Vol. 108, Issue 12, Pg. _PHONE_
Document Type: Journal Paper
The hydraulic aspects of pumping from axisymmetric ponds, or large diameter wells, as a means of developing shallow, unconfined aquifers are investigated, and it is shown that pond storage allows groundwater pumping at higher rates during short time periods than would be possible for continuous pumping. A finite element model that considers the effects of pond storage, partial penetration, pond size, and pumping time on the pumping discharge from the pond is developed. Numerical results are presented in terms of generalized dimensionless variables, and are applied to a design problem of selecting the pond diameter, pumping rate, and pumping schedule for given aquifer properties.
Subject Headings: Ponds | Hydraulics | Pumps | Axisymmetry | Shallow water | Waste storage | Groundwater | Aquifers | Finite element method | Wells (water)
Services: Buy this book/Buy this article
Return to search


Master Implementation with Picmonic for Nursing RN
The nursing process, known by the acronym ADPIE (assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation), is a five-step systematic approach to patient care using the fundamental principles of critical thinking, individualized patient approaches to treatment, goal-oriented tasks, and evidence-based practice recommendations. Implementation is the fourth step of the nursing process. It involves carrying out the nursing interventions outlined in the plan of care. There are three nursing intervention classifications; direct care, indirect care, and community interventions. When implementing the care plan, it is necessary to act in partnership with the patient and family, and reassess the interventions to ensure they are consistent with the standard of practice and research findings, and are still relevant to the patient. It is also important to be organized before performing the nursing action, and to carefully document every nursing intervention. Nurses should familiarize themselves with the nursing interventions that require professional nurses and which can be safely delegated.
Direct Care Interventions
Direct care interventions involve direct interactions with the patient. They include physiological and psychosocial nursing actions. Some examples are medication administration, health education, emotional support.
Indirect Care Interventions
Indirect care interventions involve supporting a patient's health with methods developed away from the patient. They include strengthening the patient's care settings and increasing the effectiveness of direct care. Examples would be collaborating patient care with other healthcare team members, documenting care, making referrals, and managing the patient's environment to ensure safety.
A Community (Public Health) Intervention
A community health intervention aims at improving and protecting the health of the population. Examples include health promotion strategies, disease prevention, community supports.
Partnership with the Patient/Family
Patient and Family
When implementing the care plan, it is essential to include the patient/family. They are your most valuable resource in improving the outcomes of the treatment. They support the nurse in determining new or continuing need for nursing assistance, and any revisions needed in the care plan. Patients are more willing to participate in the care if they have input in the plan.
Performing the Nursing Action
Nurse Performing Nursing Action
Successful implementation of the care plan requires an extraordinary level of planning and efficiency. Some key facts to support the best outcomes include knowing how to perform the nursing action, understanding why the action is being performed and potential adverse responses. The nurse should have all the equipment and supplies ready and should pay special attention to the environment to ensure privacy and safety. And lastly, the nurse should be aware of interventions that can be completed independently or assistance is needed.
Documenting Nursing Care
All nursing interventions must be thoroughly and accurately charted. Documentation allows for proceeding nurses implementing the care plan to identify modifications made in the nursing interventions, the patient's progress towards the goal/outcome, and to have legal evidence of all nursing efforts to implement the plan.
Delegating Nursing Care
Delegating Tasks
Delegation is the transfer of responsibility of a task to another person while the primary nurse retains accountability for the outcome. It is vital for registered nurses to critically distinguish nursing interventions that require registered nurses and ones that can safely be delegated. Interventions should never be attempted beyond an individual's capacity without supervision.
Entering-between Patient and Disease-guy
When identifying parts of the nursing process during an exam, certain keywords or phrases can help determine which part of the nursing process they are asking about. In an implementation question, the word "intervene" is one of these keywords.
Priority Action
List of Priorities and Action-clapper
When identifying parts of the nursing process during an exam, certain keywords or phrases can help determine which part of the nursing process they are asking about. In an implementation question, the phrase "priority action" is one of these keywords.
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I've been searching google and stackexchange for quite a while: I would like to access an ADC (MCP3201) via SPI, to do so, I have to use Python and would like to use WiringPi. Sadly it seems impossible to find any documentation on the wiringPi python bindings.
In C, the functions look as follows:
int wiringPiSPISetup (int channel, int speed); //returning filedescriptor int wiringPiSPIDataRW (int channel, unsigned char *data, int len);
They seem to exist (checked with ipython -> 'import wiringpi' -> 'wiringpi.' -> tab pressed twice) as python bindings.
Has anyone ever used the wiringPi SPI functions with python?
If so, please explain to me how to do it or point me into the right direction.
System is: Raspberry Pi 2 running raspbian jessie
Any help is appreciated,
P.S.: So far I tried the following code, executing it returns an error that it only accepts exactly 2 parameters.
import wiringpi
SPIchan = 1
SPIspeed = 800000
wiringpi.wiringPiSPISetup (SPIchan, SPIspeed)
data = 0xAA
numberOfBytes = 2
wiringpi.wiringPiSPIDataRW(SPIchan, data, numberOfBytes)
print "Returned data: " + data
P.P.S: Found the wrapper for the C function: In Python, the wiringPiSPIDataRW() receives the channel and data to send as arguments, and returns the received data. However, using this function with 2 arguments just aborts the python script. Does anyone have any ideas how to get this function to work?
I had the honor to talk to the man himself, Mr. Gadgetoid.
Turns out that (in python) wiringPiSPIDataRW() accepts the 2 values channel (which SPI CE to use) and data. Data has to be a bytes() value (or in python2.7 a chr() or str() type).
So to sum up, the code to send and receive data looks as follows:
import wiringpi
SPIchannel = 1 _TAG_ Channel (CE1)
SPIspeed = 500000 _TAG_ Speed in Hz
wiringpi.wiringPiSPISetup(SPIchannel, SPIspeed)
sendData = str(42) _TAG_ send TWO bytes, a byte 4 and a byte 2
recvData = wiringpi.wiringPiSPIDataRW(SPIchannel, sendData)
_TAG_ now holds a list [NumOfBytes, recvDataStr] e.g. [2, '\x9A\xCD']
_TAG_, to send a single byte:
sendData = chr(42) _TAG_ send a single byte containing 42
recvData = wiringpi.wiringPiSPIDataRW(SPIchannel, sendData)
_TAG_ is again a list e.g. [1, '\x9A']
Thats what works for me in Python 2.7, afaik you can use bytes() instead of str()/chr() in python 3 (not verified yet)
Thanks again to Philip,
Your Answer


text:
The default logging configuration for Azure Web Apps in an environment in DXP has the following setting:
- Application logging is enabled, and logs are stored in the BLOB storage with 90 days retention.
You can access application logs for environments from the DXP Management Portal, as a live stream or downloaded for offline analysis.
The configuration above is applied to environments during provisioning and you can change it for the Integration environment. Contact Optimizely to change any of the following for Preproduction or Production environments:
- Get access to web server logs.
- Temporarily change logging level.
- Temporarily enable detailed error messages.
- Temporarily enable failed request tracing.
See also: Troubleshooting DXP
Updated 3 months ago


Your question: What does the yoga symbol mean?
It's probably familiar to you from the Om chant you hear at the beginning or end of some yoga classes. Made up of the sounds of the letters A-U-M, Om is all about threes. With its roots in Hinduism, the Om symbol is said to represent the one-ness of all creation, including the heavens, earth, and underworld.
What does mean?
This emoji represents the sacred sound and icon of Om, a symbol of oneness in Hinduism and other world religions. As appropriated in the West, the Om symbol emoji marks content dealing with yoga, spirituality, and feelings of inner peace.
What does yoga symbolize?
Image Credit: miya227/iStock/Getty Images. Yoga is rooted in spiritualism, and many of the postures have a meaning that goes beyond simple strengthening and lengthening of muscles. Some poses indicate strength, such as Warrior pose, and some indicate submission, like Child's pose.
What does the Lotus Om symbol mean?
Associated with the flower meaning, a lotus tattoo with Om symbol represents the evolution and changes in your life. It is where you overcome your obstacles, which can be a bad habit, a challenge at work or study, or you've finally made up your mind on something, and run to a better future.
IT IS INTERESTING: Can yoga be self taught?
Is the OM and Namaste symbol the same?
The Namaste Symbol
Namaste is commonly connected with the symbol of om. … The tail of the three-like symbol represents the waking state, the one you and I are most used to.
What does the 3 symbol mean?
It looks a bit like the number 30 with a little hat on top. Made up of the sounds of the letters A-U-M, Om is all about threes. … With its roots in Hinduism, the Om symbol is said to represent the one-ness of all creation, including the heavens, earth, and underworld.
What does this symbol means?
What does yoga mean spiritually?
The word yoga means to join or unite, and yogis view this unison in different ways – the unison of body, mind and spirit, uniting all the aspects of yourself, or uniting with a higher power or spiritual force. You can believe in a God or gods, or nothing at all.
What is the main goal of yoga?
The fundamental purpose of yoga is to foster harmony in the body, mind, and environment. Yoga professes a complete system of physical, mental, social, and spiritual development. For generations, this philosophy was passed on from the master teacher to the student.
What are the spiritual benefits of yoga?
5 Mental/Spiritual Benefits to Practicing Yoga or Meditation
 - The Spiritual Stretch. The practice of Yoga is partly physical involving the movement of one pose to the other. …
 - It Improves Focus. The practice of regular Yoga and meditation makes people more focused and present. …
 - Cultivating Awareness. …
 - It boosts confidence.
IT IS INTERESTING: Why are my chakras blocked?
6 авг. 2018 г.
What are the seven mantras?
Then read on for the seven essential mantras you need for your chakra.
 - Root Chakra – I Am. …
 - Sacral Chakra – I Feel. …
 - Solar Plexus Chakra – I Do. …
 - Heart Chakra – I Love. …
 - Throat Chakra – I Speak. …
 - Third Eye Chakra – I see. …
 - Crown Chakra – I understand.
Why is the word Om powerful?
OM is the highest sacred symbol in Hinduism. The word OM is so much powerful that this single word can produce powerful and positive vibrations which allows you to feel the whole universe. … OM is the mantra which cleanse our Aura and also related to the third eye chakra also known as (BROW CHAKRA)..
What are the 4 parts of OM?
Yogis often meditate on the four "measures," or parts, of om. Though commonly spelled om, the mantra actually consists of three letters, a,u, and m. (In Sanskrit, whenever an initial a is followed by a u, they coalesce into a long o sound.)
What is the reply to Namaste?
Correct response to Namaste is saying back Namaste to the other person. It's a Hindi word for saying " Hello" or greeting some person older than you.
What is the spiritual meaning of Namaste?
Therefore, namaste literally means "bowing to you". In Hinduism, it also has a spiritual import reflecting the belief that "the divine and self (atman, soul) is same in you and me", and connotes "I bow to the divine in you".
Why do we chant Om 3 times?
I later learned the reason we always chant AUM 3 times. The reason is; it symbolises: ॐ the three worlds of the Soul: the past, the present and the future. ॐ the three Divine energies, or Shakti: creation, preservation and transformation.
IT IS INTERESTING: Which country does the most yoga?
Balance philosophy


text:
SANATECH: A LARGE FAIR EVENT FOR THE ORGANIC, ECO-SUSTAINABLE AND ZERO WASTE PRODUCTION CHAIN
Sanatech is a new tool to help tackle the challenges of the European Green Deal
Bologna, 2nd March 2021 – Sanatech is the new themed professional fair event dedicated to the production chain for agrifood, animal farming, forestry, wellbeing, organic, eco-sustainable and zero waste production. Sanatech will be integrated with the established and consolidated event SANA, the international Exhibition of Organic and Natural Products.
The expansion of the industrialized model of agriculture and conventional animal farming threatens 86% of species at risk from extinction (24,000 out of 28,000). This disquieting fact was revealed in a report compiled at the beginning of 2021 by the British think tank Chatham House, in collaboration with UNEP (the United Nations Environment Programme) and Compassion in World Farming.
This decade, more than any other, will see a substantial increase in the area of land dedicated to organic farming, thanks to measures introduced by governments across the European Union and in various areas of the world. BolognaFiere and FederBio have created a platform that will serve as a meeting point for all operators involved in organic production and those who wish to make a change in this direction, responding to a market that values sustainability, which is being reflected by consumer demand all around the world.
Sanatech, as part of SANA, will be taking place from 9-12 September 2021. All links in the production chain, from the seed, to agronomy practices, technologies and the most advanced innovations can enjoy a high-profile showcase at Sanatech, where the sector aims to provide a guarantee of the "from producer to consumer" logic that underpins the EU's Green Deal for a policy that will radically change the way the countries of the EU produce food, to the benefit of the environment and the wellbeing of the population.
Designing a food production system that is fair, healthy and respects the environment requires great experience and guarantees of all links in the production chain all the way to the dinner table, with a "farm to fork" perspective that increasingly reflects the requirements of discerning consumers. This is a field in which Italy plays a leading role at international level for the extraordinary know-how acquired by its producers and institutions and its research into organic production based on guaranteed and certified methods.
Sanatech represents a unique opportunity as a qualified, international showcase of all relevant sectors, thanks also to intense activities of communication and training with Associations and Technical and Scientific Companies in all the related macro-sectors.
A global vision of the whole organic production process, with a particular focus on major themed areas of production, from the cereal production chain to horticulture, salad and the IV range to fruit and vegetables to drinks, forestry, animal farming, cheese production as well as wellbeing and personal care treatments with certified organic products and forms of production. This event is unique for its comprehensiveness and capacity to respond to Italian and European organic producers.
The key theme "Sustainable Growth" placed the focus on sustainable industry solutions.
Anuga, the world's largest…
In 2023, SANA, the International Exhibition of Organic and Natural Products, turns 35 years old in a strictly B2B version, aiming to…
The leading global trade fair for sweets and snacks impresses with innovations and new taste experiences. Return to the usual January date in 2024.


text:
It's been a long, frigid winter, and I'm ready for spring. Some have asked if there might be a silver lining to this cloud of a cold winter -- could all this cold weather have killed off more plant pathogens and insects than usual, so they'll be less of a problem in the spring and summer?
Unfortunately, most fungi that attack Iowa plants are unfazed by especially cold winters. Many plant pathogenic fungi spend the winter in a dormant state, usually on old plant material or in the soil. Many fungi create special survival structures that are darkly pigmented and thick-walled to survive extended cold and dry periods. Scientists who study fungi often keep their fungal cultures in an ultracold (-80 degrees C, -112 degrees F) freezer for long-term storage, and most fungi resume growth when temperatures are more favorable.
Some plant pathogenic fungi, such as many of the rusts, never survive the winter in Iowa, and instead must be reintroduced by airborne spores every summer. A particularly severe winter in Iowa does not affect them, although a severe winter in the South where they do overwinter may decrease their levels in Iowa the following season.
Bacteria, viruses, and nematodes also seem to be largely unaffected by especially cold Iowa winters, unless they spend the winter in an insect vector.
Insects are more sensitive to cold, and may be killed over the winter if they get too cold for too long. However, most insects spend the winter in or on the ground, not out in the open, and a blanket of snow can insulate the ground and keep it sufficiently warmer than the air above it. When there is snowcover during periods of frigid temperatures (such as this winter), most insects are protected from the cold.
Weather patterns during the growing season usually have much more influence on plant diseases and insects than do winter temperatures. Rainfall, humidity, temperature and other climatic factors affect plants, pathogens, and insects and the way these organisms interact. The weather in the next few months will be more important in determining what plant diseases and insects we see this summer.
Sclerotia of the fungus that causes white mold on soybeans, tomatoes, peppers, and other plants. Sclerotia are thick-walled, darkly pigmented survival structures that can survive harsh conditions such as an Iowa winter. Photo by Christine Engelbrecht
Links to this article are strongly encouraged, and this article may be republished without further permission if published as written and if credit is given to the author, Horticulture and Home Pest News, and Iowa State University Extension and Outreach. If this article is to be used in any other manner, permission from the author is required. This article was originally published on March 12, 2008. The information contained within may not be the most current and accurate depending on when it is accessed.


text:
This jigsaw activity pack is an entertaining way to introduce music to children and to further observational skills. The Wheels On The Bus jigsaw activity pack is designed for kids aged 3-6 years and contains a sing-along CD with 12 action songs.
Included in the pack:
- Large 1000mm x 200mm floor jigsaw puzzle with large pieces, suitable for young children
- Sing-along CD with The Wheels On The Bus and 11 more kids' action songs.
- 24 peel-able activity stickers
- Sing-along song sheet with colourable jigsaw image and further activity ideas
- Bonus audio story on CD, The Ostrich and the Hedgehog Race


text:
Researchers at the University of Wyoming have discovered a new lithium reserve that could radically alter where the US sources a key component of the li-ion batteries used in consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and other technology. Currently the United States imports a vast majority of its lithium, but the newly-unearthed reserve — located at Rock Springs, Wyoming — could transform the US from "a significant lithium importer to an independent lithium producer" according to experts at the university's Carbon Management Institute.
Preliminary findings from a 25-square-mile area reveal up to 228,000 tons of lithium waiting to be harnessed — more than enough to satisfy annual US demand. Under a "best-case scenario" scientists believe the promising resource could provide a total of 18 million tons of lithium. That would match global production rates for 720 years. "More work must be done to fully assess the potential, but our research is very encouraging at this point," says deputy director Shanna Dahl. Lithium's not exactly rare to come by, but the economic significance and potential for new jobs make the discovery all the more exciting.


Help us teach people
We are looking for mentors to lead the discussions in Deutsch Gym in the following languages: German, English.
What it will involve
 - 1-6 hours per week
 - Chatting with members in your mother tongue
 - Correcting mistakes, talking about the given topics
 - 100% remote
 - Be a registered freelancer or contractor
 - Have experience teaching your language
 - Be a native-speaker of that language
Email your CV and your preferred online presence to and explain why you would be a fit for Deutsch Gym.
Help people learn a language and integrate into their new homeland.
Do it from home, after work, whilst taking a break from study.
Deutsch Gym


text:
Document Type: Research Paper
Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
The present study examines the role of gender in reading comprehension of short stories taught through awareness-raising among Iranian EFL learners. In so doing, twelve male and eighteen female learners with lower intermediate English proficiency were selected as the research sample. Next, they were randomly divided into two fifteen-member groups (i.e., a control group and an experimental group). The control group followed the conventional methods and the experimental group was taught the same short stories using awareness-raising activities. Consequently, an independent sample t-test was run. The obtained results indicate the experimental group demonstrates a better performance than the control one. According to the means, the female learners in both groups outperformed the male ones.


text:
GOSHEN, Utah – Archaeologists have struck gold at a dig near the town of Goshen about 35 miles south of Provo: the largest Fremont Indian structure ever excavated.
Brigham Young University anthropology professor Jim Allison says the 850-square-foot structure is unique because it served as a communal area that brought the entire village together.
He says it has yielded "a layer of prehistoric trash" that included common items such as arrowheads, broken pottery, corn cobs and animal bones.
Allison, who oversees students' work at the site, says radiocarbon dating shows it probably was occupied between 1025 and 1100.
The Fremont Indians inhabited sites in what are now Utah, Nevada, Idaho and Colorado between 700 and 1300. They're known for pottery, figurines, moccasins and their use of farming.


text:
Why basic cancer research? AACR members explain why basic science fields such as epigenetics and nanotechnology are necessary for the treatment, prevention and cure of cancer.
Download the video (Size: 37.7 MB, 3:28 duration. Requires QuickTime to view).
To learn more about one of the young scientists featured in the video above, read the story Close to Home, which was published in the Summer 2008 issue of CR magazine, and listen to the podcast Motivated by Loss.