text:
Hi Yes you are right , union is a best bet for this. For union your number of total columns and their data type should be same:- Firstly you need to decide the column headers which you would get from following query:- For example activityid, activityname, starttime, endtime, body, recipient Secondly try to put column of same dataype and similar value under one column value and if you dont have relevant column put a null value (so that union can be done) like this :- select activityid, activityname, starttime, endtime, body, recipient (if you dont have any header put the hardcoded value) from some_tables union select activityid, 'Meeting',starttime, null, null, receipient from some_tables2 union select activityid, 'Meeting',null, endtime, body121, null from some_tables2 The key here is to build individual queries for all different activities by adding nulls or calculated columns so that each resultset has equal number of columns....then at the very end apply a union operator. Hope this helps.
@erlokeshsharma08 covered most of what you need. (+1) for his answer. I just want to add a few points I believe are important when working with UNION. 1. Set the data types of the columns in the first SELECT to be the highest precision and scale you need for that column. For example, if you have integers, 7-digit numbers with 4-digit decimals, and 10-digit numbers with 3-digit decimals, you will want to ensure the data type is decimal(14,4) to cover the max of every scenario (up to 10 digits to the left of the decimal and up to 4 digits to the right). I often use CONVERT for each column to explicitly ensure the data types are set appropriately. 2. UNION ALL will perform faster than UNION because it doesn't have to perform the extra step of removing duplicates. If you know you won't have duplicate rows, use UNION ALL.


Extended Common Events
This script replaces the way common events are created and managed. Instead of using the database to set up common events, you create a special "common event map" and all events on that map will be loaded as common events.
The advantage of using these extended common events include having multiple pages for a single common event and setting up complex common events using conditions.
These extended common events will replace the database common events, but you can still use the database common events to set the names so that you can reference them throughout your project.
Script: download here
In the script editor, place this script below Materials and above Main.
You should place this above other custom scripts.
Create a map for your common events, and then in the configuration set up
the filename of this common event map. Note that you don't have to use an
actual map in your current project: you can choose any name you want as long
as it is a map file. This means you can create the common event map in a
separate project.
By default, each event created on the map will be loaded as a common event
based on its ID. So for example, if the event's ID is 12, then it will replace
common event 12 in the database.
You can choose which common event an event will replace manually by writing
the following as its name:
Where x is the common event ID. This allows you to replace specific common
You may also like...
5 Responses
 1. Mahnermahner says:
 Is this not compatible with the scene interpreter? 🙁
 2. KanaX says:
 A compatibility patch with your scene interpreter script, perhaps?
 3. orathan says:
 Items can call common events. Is it also possible to use map-made common events the same manner as a regular common event?
 For an easier explanation: When I use an item 1 that calls common event 1, can I also set item 2 to call a map-made common event? If possible, how will it be set up?
 - Hime says:
 The same way you would set up any other common event. Basically, you can imagine that whichever common event you have in your database is being replaced by the event's data.
 1. February 13, 2015
 […] Extended Common Events […]
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text:
|Town/Region||Tarutao National Park|
|Date||6 Feb 2012|
Recent studies (eg. Royal Society London, 2009; Global Biodiversity Outlook 3, 2010) suggest that about 56% of currently recognised amphibian species in Southeast Asia are either 'threatened' or 'data deficient'. Accelerating deforestation rates, climatic change, and high harvesting pressures are leading to an acute risk of extinctions.
There is an urgent need for the:
This project seeks to address the following three main constraints for amphibian conservation in peninsular Thailand (and Southeast Asia generally).
Second, it aims to further develop links between the academic and conservation communities. Currently there is a good relationship between the Tarutao National Park's authority and PSU. This project seeks to enhance and focus this relationship most particularly by training authority staff in the identification and conservation of anurans. This project will then act as a role model for similar projects elsewhere in Thailand and Southeast Asia.
Third, the project will seek to raise the profile of anuran research and conservation in Thailand through targeted publicity (TV and in other media) based on the discovery of new anuran taxa on the island.
For further information contact:

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


rot_accel
 qy *= rot_accel
 qz *= rot_accel
 qw = lerp(1, qw, rot_accel)
 //Normalize the relative rotation quat
 d = 1 / sqrt(sqr(qx) + sqr(qy) + sqr(qz) + sqr(qw))
 //Multiply the relative rotation quat with the rotation speed quat
 q = quat_multiply(qrot_x, qrot_y, qrot_z, qrot_w, qx * d, qy * d, qz * d, qw * d)
 //Reduce\decelerate the rotation speed quat
 qx = q[0] * rot_speed
 qy = q[1] * rot_speed
 qz = q[2] * rot_speed
 qw = lerp(1, q[3], rot_speed)
 //Normalize the rotation speed quat
 //Get up vector
 var up = matrix_transform_vertex(rot_matrix, 0, 0, -1);
 //Create a quat for the turning
 q = quat_create(up[0], up[1], up[2], -turn_amount)
 //Multiply the quat with the rotation speed quat
 q = quat_multiply(qx * d, qy * d, qz * d, qw * d, q[0], q[1], q[2], q[3])
 qx = q[0]
 qy = q[1]
 qz = q[2]
 qw = q[3]
 //Normalize the rotation speed quat
 qrot_x = qx * d
 qrot_y = qy * d
 qrot_z = qz * d
 qrot_w = qw * d
 //Convert the rotation speed quat to a matrix and add to the absolute rotation matrix
 rot_matrix = matrix_multiply(rot_matrix, matrix_create_from_quat(qrot_x, qrot_y, qrot_z, qrot_w))
 //Apply the rotation matrix to the vehicle's world matrix
 matrix = matrix_multiply(rot_matrix, matrix_build(x, y, z, 0, 0, 0, scale, scale, scale))
I need to add another collision stage which detects whether the actual cuboid is intersecting any triangles, cus it's able to go through walls along the edges of it where the balls aren't there. (You can see that at 2:16 on the video)
So I think I'd need to do raycasting\lines intersecting triangles tests and push the vehicle out of walls.
I just hope it doesn't interfere with the physics. I think if I put the lines slightly behind the balls, the balls will always hit the triangle first, apart from in the case where they don't collide (at the edges in between them). Then it should only do the edge line push back as an emergency.
Or maybe I could make it use capsules along the edges instead of spheres...
Also for smaller objects colliding with the vehicle I need to make them check if they're intersecting the rotated cuboid. I'm not sure exactly how to do that yet. I think it'll involve applying the inverse of the rotation matrix to them, to rotate them into the model space of the vehicle, then it can just do a simple nearest_point_on_bbox and check if that's intersecting their sphere\capsule.
I might also change some of the ways it handles friction and grip. I'm not sure yet. I just got it working in a nice way yesterday and settled with that for now.
I was also thinking of making the shell of the car separate to the wheels. So the shell will have the wobbly rotation and the wheels will grip precisely to the ground by drawing them at their actual position after collision instead of using the body's rotation.
I think that would give an effect like on a lot of driving games.
You should also be able to make any kind of shape you want with this system, like rigid body physics. And if it's an irregular shape it'd topple over and it'd need spread across the bottom to stay up, like how stools and chairs work.
I haven't actually tested this in the 3d version yet, but the 2d one did so I'm hoping it will.
To make them easier to make I could make a function that builds the body out of the model's skeleton.. Capsule collision would be extra useful there.
Heavy metal viking dentist
GMC Elder
Very cool! So you can use this to connect spheres into more complex shapes? Are you going to make this into a general thing? If so, could you also modify it for making ragdolls?
That car could use some more grip and power xD But oh my god man that's amazing! It seems to move very naturally, just awesome! ^^
Joe Ellis
Thanks dudes!
Yeah I'm planning on making a few objects with this, one of them that's a general "physics object" or "obj_rigid_body" and it creates the spheres from the model it's using's bones. That way you can just create bones in the model wherever you want them to be.
And I could add "radius" & "weight" variables for bones.
I was thinking of doing the radius anyway for things like doing headshots and more precise bullet collisions, and the weight for ragdoll physics.
About ragdoll physics, I think it could use the same idea of each sphere doing it's own movement & collision, but I think there would be quite a lot of differences beside that.
I think it would be something like this:
1st stage: Each ball has it's own speed, apply speed to position, do collision pushback, set it's new speed by how much it's moved from previous position. (So this is the same)
2nd stage: all the balls would have to be constrained so that the lengths of the bones stay the same.
I'm not sure exactly how this'd be done.
One way could be to loop through them hierarchically from the root bone, and pull them back:
repeat num_bones
b = bones[++i]
repeat b.num_children
c = children[++j]
vx = c.x - b.x
vy = c.y - b.y
vz = c.z - b.z
l = c.length / point_distance_3d(0, 0, 0, vx, vy, vz)
c.x = b.x + (vx * l)
c.y = b.y + (vy * l)
c.z = b.z + (vz * l)
//maybe reduce bone's speed here too
I don't know if that would give the right effect though.
Maybe doing it backwards from end bones would be better..
Or another way could be with an average type process: (this'd give a stretchy effect though)
//Init new positions
repeat num_bones
with bones[++i]
new_x = 0
new_y = 0
new_z = 0
num_movements = 0
ox = x
oy = y
oz = z
//Pull connected bones back together
i = 0
repeat num_bones
b = bones[++i]
l = b.connected
j = 0
repeat c.num_connected
c = l[++j]
//Get vector
vx = c.x - b.x
vy = c.y - b.y
vz = c.z - b.z
//Get length
d = point_distance_3d(0, 0, 0, vx, vy, vz)
//Add pullback to connected bone
l = c.length / d
c.new_x = b.x + (vx * l)
c.new_y = b.y + (vy * l)
c.new_z = b.z + (vz * l)
c.num_movements += 1
//Maybe pull the bone towards the connected bone aswell (or do one or the other)
l = b.length / d
b.new_x = c.x - (vx * l)
b.new_y = c.y - (vy * l)
b.new_z = c.z - (vz * l)
b.num_movements += 1
//Set position to average of new positions
i = 0
repeat num_bones
with bones[++i]
x = new_x / num_movements
y = new_y / num_movements
z = new_z / num_movements
//Add speed from the movement (maybe)
xspeed += x - ox
yspeed += y - oy
zspeed += z - oz
It could maybe use all of those together, do the hierarchical ones after the stretchy one.
That might look the most realistic. I think it'd look more realistic than the hierarchical ones alone.
3rd stage, each ball would loop through balls it's connected to and get the average of their speeds (maybe including it's own).
Or maybe it could get the speeds by the length correcting process instead, that might be more realistic.
I think that would be the movement simulation working, but I'm not sure how it'd get the rotation speeds.
Maybe just get the vector difference of (parent pos to prev pos, parent pos to new pos).
Hmm, there's probably a few things I'm missing out at the minute.
It'd also need rotation constraints adding to certain bones, like the shoulders and spine to making sure the ragdoll doesn't get in some kind of impossible pose.
I'm interested to see how this'd work though now you've got me thinking about it haha :D
I'm gonna test out these ideas with a physics rope first, that shouldn't be too


A brief, general definition of freewill
Some areas of the human brain implicated in mental disorders
that might be related to freewill. Source: wikipedia.
In my previous article, I explored the subject of freewill in the context of my own metaphysics: a formulation of idealism. In this brief essay, I'd like to generalize some of the principles I based my earlier discussion on, for the benefit of those interested in the topic of freewill but not necessarily interested in particular metaphysical formulations.
What is freewill? We all have an intuitive understanding of it, but when we translate that understanding into words, we often misrepresent the essence of our own intuition. Having pondered about it for a while, here is how I would define it:
Freewill is the capacity of an agent to make an intentional choice unconstrained by any factor outside that which the agent identifies itself with.
The word 'intentional' is important to differentiate a true choice from a merely random choice. A true choice entails a preference, purpose or bias of some sort, not the mere throw of dice.
Let's exemplify this definition by taking the agent to be a person. Personal freewill is then the capacity of a person to make an intentional choice unconstrained by any influence, limit, requirement or power that the person does not identify herself with. Note the emphasis on what a person identifies herself with, as opposed to what a particular paradigm implies the person to be. Materialism, for instance, entails that a person is merely her physical body. This way, if a person's choices are merely the outcome of deterministic physical processes in her brain, that would still comply with the definition of freewill above. After all, the processes in a person's brain are part of what the person supposedly is. Yet, most of us would intuitively and immediately reject deterministic brain processes to be an expression of true freewill. Why? Because, for whatever reason, we do not identify ourselves with processes in our brains. We say that we have a brain, as opposed to saying that we are a brain.
The definition above also circumvents a problem with libertarian freewill, which entails that a truly free choice must be completely non-determined. The problem here is that, from a logical perspective, a choice is either the deterministic outcome of some (perhaps unfathomably rich, incomprehensible, transcendent, meaningful and complex) process, or random. It is very hard, if at all possible, to find semantic or logical space for libertarian freewill if we insist on differentiating it form the latter two cases. According to the definition above, on the other hand, true freewill can be the expression of a deterministic process, so long as the determining factors of that process are internal to that which the choosing agent identifies itself with.
Most people identify themselves with their particular conscious thoughts and emotions, as subjectively experienced. Therefore, when agents are human beings, true freewill is the case if, and only if, all determining factors behind the making of a choice are part of the person's conscious thoughts and emotions: her opinions, beliefs, preferences, tastes, likes and dislikes, goals, etc. The fact that a particular paradigm, like materialism, insists that thoughts and emotions are brain activity is merely a conceptual abstraction that bears no psychological relevance to how a person experiences her own identity. This way, the definition of freewill above is independent of particular ontological paradigms, like materialism.
To say that our choices are the deterministic outcome of processes that we identify ourselves with does not refute the essence of our intuition about freewill. The appearance that it does is merely a linguistic illusion. Let me try to illustrate this with an example. I may say: 'I made choice A but I could have made choice B.' This statement is a clear assertion of my freewill; in fact, it captures the very core of what freewill entails, doesn't it? Yet, the statement implies that the choice was indeed determined: it was determined by me! In other words, it was the perceived essence of what it means to be me that determined the choice. Therefore, I can rephrase the statement in the following way, without changing its meaning or implications: 'I chose A because it is my perceived essential nature to do so, although there were no external factors preventing me from choosing B.' Formulated this way, the statement is clearly consistent with the definition above. Do you see what I mean?
When one says that one's choice cannot be determined by anything in order to be truly free, what one actually means is that one's choice cannot be determined by anything external to that which one identifies oneself with. After all, unless the choice is random, it must be determined by something, even if that something is no more than the perceived essential nature of the agent that makes the choice. True freewill applies in this latter case.
I hope this brief articulation helps sort out some of the linguistic and logical noise that so often clouds discussions about freewill.
 1. Hmm. I'm not sure I'm convinced, Bernardo. You say:
 Imagine I want a piece of fruit, and your fruit bowl contains apples and pears. I usually prefer pears. If I know in advance that a pear is just the right softness and juiciness, I'll choose it. If not, I might feel it/smell it or ask your opinion, and if unsure, might choose an apple. I can choose a pear and discard it in favour of an apple, but an internal constraint of mine is not wasting food. I assume you'd call this an example of exercising free will, because I'm making an intentional choice not constrained by anything that lies outside what I commonly identify with, i.e. a self that prefers pears to apples.
 But then I think, what about this preference that I apply my heuristic to in an attempt to satisfy it? Whence comes it, and why do others prefer apples to pears? Do we have any real choice? Maybe not. It might seem I have free will, but it's predetermined by something I have no control over, i.e. my physiological preference, with which I perforce identify; so I suppose I would still have free will under your definition. Certainly, no one's forcing me which to eat.
 I do actually believe we have the capacity to exercise free will. I'd also agree that we all have our particular natures that we identify with, and that if nothing or no one stops me behaving in accord with mine, then in a way, I am a free agent. But in effect, that may entail being free to act in accord with my predetermined physiological or psychological constitution. For me, true free will involves transcending this constitution; doing things that it doesn't dictate; doing things that when on autopilot (which I suspect is most of the time) we wouldn't ordinarily do.
 However, sometimes, situations demand more introspection. For example, doctors might advise that pears upset digestion more than apples, and Internet research might confirm that. Then, the choice whether or not to eat pears can be a conscious one: I'm not simply following my constitutional preference. Maybe I'll continue to eat them, but in any case, I've actually made a conscious choice what to do, and that ties in with your stipulation of intentionality, but seems to be more detached from what I identify with. I can't help but identify with my physiological preference for pears, but my free choice consists in deciding whether or not to go with that (predetermined) preference.
 Flying on autopilot isn't all bad: if we agonised over every minor action we took, we'd probably get little done. It's quite often when faced with an existential threat or realisation that we act more consciously than we usually do, and those are occasions when I'd say we really do have the opportunity to exercise free will. Having free will is more than simply being free of external influences that stop us following our (sometimes hard-wired) preferences.
 Think of a man who is considering whether to enlist in the army to fight in a current war. He might enlist because he's a man of action, or not enlist because he's not. IMO, it's doubtful that such men are exercising much, if any, free will. OTOH, a man of action who considers very carefully whether to enlist (e.g. because he wouldn't like the killing), is more likely exercising free will. Likewise for a more passive man who considers very carefully (because he might feel a degree of obligation to defend his country). And so for yet a third man, who doesn't know the right or wrong of it, but thinks long and hard about before coming to his decision.
 Most of the time, I think we just go with the way we're constituted: we don't even get to the stage where we realise there's an existential choice. We always have the capacity to exercise free will, but mostly, don't.
 Not really. You said it yourself: "...my physiological preference, with which I perforce identify." The mere fact that you feel forced to tell yourself that you identify with it shows clearly that, in truth, you don't identify with it. Thus, this isn't freewill according to my definition, insofar as the identification here is illusory; it's a rational conclusion derived from a paradigm, not a natural, true identification. This thing you don't really identify yourself with is that thing that you "have no control over," to use your words. The very way you talk about it betrays your true lack of identification with it. My definition rests on


Endomorphism Breaking in Graphs
Wilfried Imrich, Rafał Kalinowski, Florian Lehner, Monika Pilśniak
We introduce the endomorphism distinguishing number $D_e(G)$ of a graph $G$ as the least cardinal $d$ such that $G$ has a vertex coloring with $d$ colors that is only preserved by the trivial endomorphism. This generalizes the notion of the distinguishing number $D(G)$ of a graph $G$, which is defined for automorphisms instead of endomorphisms.
As the number of endomorphisms can vastly exceed the number of automorphisms, the new concept opens challenging problems, several of which are presented here. In particular, we investigate relationships between $D_e(G)$ and the endomorphism motion of a graph $G$, that is, the least possible number of vertices moved by a nontrivial endomorphism of $G$. Moreover, we extend numerous results about the distinguishing number of finite and infinite graphs to the endomorphism distinguishing number.
distinguishing number; endomorphisms; infinite graphs
Full Text: PDF


Create a multiwatch
Welcome to the Multiwatch!
You can easily watch multiple streams from different platforms on one page. Just fill out the form below with your channel and chose the appropriate platform. You dont want to watch alone? Then send your friends easily the link generated and shown in the adressbar!
First Stream
Second stream
Third stream
Fourth stream
FAQ
How to create a Multiwatch
 1. Enter your desired channel names in the "channelname"-Box.
 2. IMPORTANT: Make sure that the channel name is spelled correctly! If a streamer is called XYZ-1, the - (minus / dash) sign must be added! Without the minus sign, the channel will not be found. You also have to respect upper and lower case.
 3. Select the platform on which the streamer can be found.
 4. Press "Start Multiwatch"!
 5. A new page will be loaded, which shows your streams.
How to find the stream name
Twitch and Trovo
The username is usually displayed in the URL, which is in your address bar. Get Twitch Username In this example the stream we are watching is Shroud and the username is the same (shroud).
Youtube
We offer two options for YouTube. You can enter the channel via video URL or by channel name. A video URL is structured like this: _URL_ The Video-URL for this Stream is mTH8yPp1Fr4, that you need to insert here on the page. Get Youtube Video ID If you want to enter the channel name, enter the exact channel name in the field (e.g. Hoerli). But make sure that the channel name really exists and that this is not a display name.
If the channel operator has not set a clear name for the channel name, you can add it by channel ID. You can find out a channel ID using the channel URL. This is structured as follows: _URL_ In this case UCZHAeCpvf4Cw7D1Oh3MAlbw is the Channel-ID.
Dailymotion
For Dailymotion we currently only offer the option of a video URL. The insertion is exactly the same as with Youtube.
How to share the Multiwatch
Now if you want to share your Multiwatch with your friends, just copy the link in the address bar and send it to your friends! They just have to open the link and see the same stream structure as you do.


All Tracks Data Structures Advanced Data Structures Segment Trees Problem
Xor sum
Tag(s):
Advanced Data Structures, Bitmask, Data Structures, Easy, Segment Trees, segtree
Problem
Editorial
Analytics
You are given an array $$A[]$$ of size $$N$$. Now you are given $$Q$$ queries to be performed over this array. In each query, you are given $$2$$ space separated integers $$L$$ and $$R$$. For each query, you need to you need to find the summation of the xor-sum of all triplets $$(i,j,k)$$ of the sub-array $$L...R$$ , where $$ L \le i < j < k \le R $$.
In short, you need to find $$ \sum (A[i] \oplus A[j] \oplus A[k]) $$, over all triplets $$ (i,j,k)$$ , such that $$ L \le i < j < k \le R $$ . Print the answer for each query , Modulo $$10^9+7$$
Input Format
The first line contains a single integer $$N$$.
The next line contains array $$A[]$$ of $$N$$ integers.
The next line contains $$2$$ space separated integers $$Q$$ and $$2$$.
Each of the next $$Q$$ lines contains two space separated integers $$L$$ and $$R$$
Output Format :
Print $$Q$$ lines, the $$i^{th}$$ line denoting the answer to the $$i^{th}$$ query, Modulo $$10^9+7$$
Input Constraints :
\(1 \le N,Q \le 10^5 \)
\(1 \le A[i] \le 10^{12} \)
\(1 \le L \le R \le N \)
SAMPLE INPUT
4
1 2 3 4
1 2
1 4
SAMPLE OUTPUT
18
Explanation
$$ (1 \oplus 2 \oplus 3)+(2 \oplus 3 \oplus 4)+(1 \oplus 2 \oplus 4)+(1 \oplus 3 \oplus 4)=18 $$
Time Limit: 2.0 sec(s) for each input file.
Memory Limit: 256 MB
Source Limit: 1024 KB
Marking Scheme: Marks are awarded when all the testcases pass.
Allowed Languages: Bash, C, C++, C++14, Clojure, C#, D, Erlang, F#, Go, Groovy, Haskell, Java, Java 8, JavaScript(Rhino), JavaScript(Node.js), TypeScript, Julia, Kotlin, Lisp, Lisp (SBCL), Lua, Objective-C, OCaml, Octave, Pascal, Perl, PHP, Python, Python 3, R(RScript), Racket, Ruby, Rust, Scala, Swift, Swift-4.1, Visual Basic
CODE EDITOR
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text:
Healing Circle Garden
Posted 04/26/2011 by Childhelp
The American Indian medicine wheel was an ancient way of creating sacred space and calling forth the healing energies of nature. Medicine wheels were constructed by laying stones in a particular pattern; usually including a center stone with lines radiating towards the outer circle. Staff at the Alice C. Tyler Village in Virginia recently called upon the healing energies of the medicine wheel to help the children who reside at the Village.
A circle garden was constructed near one of the residential cottages on the Village grounds in 2006. One young resident helped to draw the circle of the garden using stakes and string while several others helped to collect rocks used to outline the garden. The children created planting areas by collecting and piling pine needle mulch and spoiled hay within the circle. Children also helped to build two beautiful Leopold benches that grace the garden.
A garden club was formed of several children who help with garden maintenance each week. This not only keeps the garden looking great, but helps boost the children's self-worth as well. The garden is currently filled with perennials, self seeding plants, and the beautiful Sunflowers which have been a prominent part of the garden every year. Often during the spring and summer, children and staff will stop to peek at the swallow or bluebird babies in the nesting boxes located near the garden.
Several growing seasons have come and gone since the garden was built back in 2006, but the children of the Village continue to enjoy the healing powers that it brings. Whether it's building self esteem or simply offering a chance to reflect on the beauty of nature, the circle garden continues to be a sacred space for the abused and neglected children who make the Village their home.
To protect the identities of the children in our care, we cannot show their faces publicly.
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source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
You are here
River of No Return
The Salmon River is often called the River of No Return, made famous by Native American tales that those who go down the river never come back. The rapids were so wild, and the cliffs so steep that those who ventured through were never seen again.
These tales, the deep canyon walls, and the awesome whitewater of Pine Creek rapids caused the Lewis and Clark Expedition to turn back and abandon the Salmon River as a route to the sea. Now, with the advent of the inflatable raft, these River of No Return rapids are great fun for recreation. What was perilous and deadly to wooden canoes is now a thrilling family adventure vacation!
The Salmon River was also made famous in the 1950's with the Marilyn Monroe movie of the same name: River of No Return.


text:
Rhea Mansfield Knittle made a name in antiques
The 1920s and 1930s were a wonderful time to explore — and profit from — the past in Ohio. Rhea Mansfield Knittle and her husband, Earl, did both.
As antiquarian book dealer Ernest Wessen of Mansfield scoured the countryside for paper items, the Knittles of Ashland scoured the countryside for glass, pottery, silver, textiles — all of the practical and decorative household goods that the earlier settlers bought from local craftsmen or hauled from the East.
The Wessens and Knittles crossed paths often and sometimes became competitors in what they collected, but more often became collaborators in what they bought and sold.
This was a time when aesthetics were shifting and at least some of the rich collectors were looking more toward folk art and primitive Americana rather than the fancier decorative arts made in the East and imported from Europe. And much of that very thing lay in the attics and outbuildings of Ohioans, who didn't value it and didn't want it.
It helped that the country was entering the Great Depression, and people were quick to take advantage of buyers with cash who knocked on the door. Or was it the other way around?
Rhea was born in Ashland in 1883 to Probate Court Judge Cloyd Mansfield and a farmer's daughter, Elma Allee, who almost certainly was the motivation behind her daughter's love of antiques. Rhea mentioned in talks that her family's interest in history went back several generations, and her mother did considerable research for Daughters of the American Revolution membership.
Perhaps this interest was not shared in equal amounts with Judge Mansfield, because the couple were divorced by 1899 and her mother was remarried to prominent New York City antiques dealer Henry V. Weil. How much time Rhea spent with either one is unknown, but she was living with her father in Ashland in 1900 and attended St. Mary's Academy in Columbus.
She must have continued living in Ashland long enough to meet and marry store clerk Earl J. Knittle in 1906. He was from Mansfield, the son of an iron molder and nephew of the proprietor of the Brunswick Hotel.
By 1907, they had moved to Mansfield and in 1909 to New York City, where they lived four years before coming back to Ashland ... long enough to enjoy and/or reject the rarified air of top-end antiques?
But the connections continued — and the research, collecting, buying and selling. In 1924, Rhea published her first article in the new "Magazine Antiques." It was on Muskingum County, Ohio, glass. Her mother, still in New York, had gained reputation as an expert on English ceramics and was writing regularly for another antiques magazine, "The Antiquarian."
Rhea would continue writing for the highly respected "Magazine Antiques" through the 1940s on many subjects but it looked as if she was staking her claim to fame and expertise on early glass. In 1928, she would electrify the antiques work with the authoritative book on the subject, "Early American Glass," which covered not just Ohio but also glass producers dating back to the first American settlers. It would be reprinted in many editions and is still readily available today.
Among the collections pictured were those of three Mansfielders: Dr. J. Herbert West, Homer Howard and Ernest J. Wessen.
She suddenly was a national figure. Then she set out to become the Ohio authority on early craftsmen and industry. It was obvious her heart was in research and scholarship. Meanwhile, her husband focused on their Ashland antiques shop and began holding auctions of their own stock and other collections and estates.
In 1937, she self-published the first of what she believed would be a 15-volume set, "The Ohio Frontier Series," which she described as "an economic and social history and a historical survey of the industrial, decorative and fine arts in Ohio from 1767 to 1847, together with check lists of the craftsmen, artisans and artisans pertaining to same."
The subjects she hoped to cover — two booklets a year — were listed inside the back cover, but only two were published – "Early Ohio Taverns, Tavern Signs, Stage-Coach, Barge, Banner, Chair and Settee Painters" in 1937 and "Early Ohio Silversmiths and Pewterers" in1943.
So the question remains what happened to all her research? She left a small amount of material to the Ohio Historical Society. She may have incorporated some of the information in her magazine articles.
As for her personal collections, she seemed to take great pride that much of her glass was donated to Yale University. She and her husband sold many items to such giant collections as the Henry Ford Museum, Winterthur and Williamsburg.
Rhea Mansfield Knittle died in 1955 and her husband in 1962. What was left of their estate, reportedly left to friends, was auctioned off at Garth's in Delaware, Ohio, although it's uncertain whether there was a catalog or any surviving records.
Actual items from that sale are still bouncing around the antiques marketplace, buyers obviously reluctant to remove adhesive labels, "Knittle Collection, Auctioned Nov. 1962." Current catalogs from Garth's and other auction houses still list items as "Ex-Knittle." And I imagine many homes in Ashland and the area still display antiques bought from the Knittle shop.
Peggy Mershon is a retired editor for the News Journal where she also wrote columns on genealogy and antiques. Contact her at _EMAIL_.


boolean values. Add two conditional assignments that assign different values to the wheel_radius and wheel_width variables. The large_wheels variable should be used as the condition for both assignments. If the large_wheels variable is false, the wheel_radius and wheel_width variables should be set equal to 8 and 4 units respectively. If the large_wheels variable is true, the wheel_radius and wheel_width variables should be set equal to 10 and 8 units respectively. Set appropriate values to the long_body and large_wheels variables to create the following versions of the car: short body - large wheels, short body - small wheels, long body - large wheels, long body - small wheels.
 - short body - large wheels
Code
car_with_short_body_and_large_wheels.scad
use <vehicle_parts.scad>
$fa=1;
$fs=0.4;
// Conditional assignment of body variables
long_body = false;
base_length = (long_body) ? 80:60;
top_length = (long_body) ? 50:30;
top_offset = (long_body) ? 10:5;
// Creation of body
body(base_length=base_length, top_length=top_length, top_offset=top_offset);
// Creation of wheels and axles
large_wheels = true;
wheel_radius = (large_wheels) ? 10:6;
wheel_width = (large_wheels) ? 8:4;
track = 30;
wheelbase = 40;
// Front left wheel
translate([-wheelbase/2,-track/2,0])
 rotate([0,0,0])
 simple_wheel(wheel_radius=wheel_radius, wheel_width=wheel_width);
 // Front right wheel
translate([-wheelbase/2,track/2,0])
 rotate([0,0,0])
 simple_wheel(wheel_radius=wheel_radius, wheel_width=wheel_width);
// Rear left wheel
translate([wheelbase/2,-track/2,0])
 rotate([0,0,0])
 simple_wheel(wheel_radius=wheel_radius, wheel_width=wheel_width);
// Rear right wheel
translate([wheelbase/2,track/2,0])
 rotate([0,0,0])
 simple_wheel(wheel_radius=wheel_radius, wheel_width=wheel_width);
// Front axle
translate([-wheelbase/2,0,0])
 axle(track=track);
// Rear axle
translate([wheelbase/2,0,0])
 axle(track=track);

 - short body - small wheels
Code
car_with_short_body_and_small_wheels.scad
…
long_body = false;
large_wheels = false;
…

 - long body - large wheels
Code
car_with_long_body_and_large_wheels.scad
…
long_body = true;
large_wheels = true;
…

 - long body - small wheels
Code
car_with_long_body_and_small_wheels.scad
…
long_body = true;
large_wheels = false;
…

More conditional variable assignmentsEdit
The conditional assignment of variables can also be used with a properly adjusted syntax when there are more than two cases between which you would like to choose. In the previous example there were only two options for the body (short or long) and a boolean variable (long_body) was used to choose between those two options.
What if you want to be able to choose between four versions of the body (short, long, rectangular and normal)? A boolean variable can't be used to represent your choice of body version since it can only have two values (true or false). For this reason, you are going to use a character to represent your choice of body.
The choice of a short body will be represented by the character s.
Code
body_version = "s";
The choice of a long body will be represented by the character l.
Code
body_version = "l";
The choice of a rectangular body will be represented by the character r.
Code
body_version = "r";
The choice of a normal body will be represented by the character n.
Code
body_version = "n";
The conditional assignments when there are more than two options should take the following form.
Code
// base_length
base_length =
(body_version == "l") ? 80:
(body_version == "s") ? 60:
(body_version == "r") ? 65:70;
// top_length
top_length =
(body_version == "l") ? 50:
(body_version == "s") ? 30:
(body_version == "r") ? 65:40;
// top_offset
top_offset =
(body_version == "l") ? 10:
(body_version == "s") ? 5:
(body_version == "r") ? 0:7.5;
You should notice the following points about the definition of a conditional assignment when there are more than two options. First the name of the variable is typed out followed by the equal sign. Then follows a pair of parentheses that contains a condition, then a question mark, then the value to be assigned if the condition is true and then a colon. The previous sequence is repeated as required depending on the number of different available body versions. The last sequence is slightly different as it has an additional value which will be used as the default value when none of the conditions are true. In this case the default value corresponds to the normal version of the body. This is the reason why the character n that corresponds to the normal version of the body doesn't participate in any condition. Another thing you should notice is that the conditions are now comparison operations, specifically equality comparisons. If the value of the body_version variable is equal to the character that follows the double equal sign, then the condition is true and the corresponding value that follows the condition will be assigned to the variable.
By incorporating the above conditional assignments in your script, you can switch between a short, a long, a rectangular and a normal car body just by setting the body_version equal to the character s, l, r or n respectively.
Code
car_with_long_body_version.scad
use <vehicle_parts.scad>
$fa=1;
$fs=0.4;
// Conditional assignment of body variables
body_version = "l";
// base_length
base_length =
(body_version == "l") ? 80:
(body_version == "s") ? 60:
(body_version == "r") ? 65:70;
// top_length
top_length =
(body_version == "l") ? 50:
(body_version == "s") ? 30:
(body_version == "r") ? 65:40;
// top_offset
top_offset =
(body_version == "l") ? 10:
(body_version == "s") ? 5:
(body_version == "r") ? 0:7.5;
// Creation of body
body(base_length=base_length, top_length=top_length, top_offset=top_offset);
// Creation of wheels and axles
large_wheels = false;
wheel_radius = (large_wheels) ? 10:6;
wheel_width = (large_wheels) ? 8:4;
track = 30;
wheelbase = 40;
// Front left wheel
translate([-wheelbase/2,-track/2,0])
 rotate([0,0,0])
 simple_wheel(wheel_radius=wheel_radius, wheel_width=wheel_width);
 // Front right wheel
translate([-wheelbase/2,track/2,0])
 rotate([0,0,0])
 simple_wheel(wheel_radius=wheel_radius, wheel_width=wheel_width);
// Rear left wheel
translate([wheelbase/2,-track/2,0])
 rotate([0,0,0])
 simple_wheel(wheel_radius=wheel_radius, wheel_width=wheel_width);
// Rear right wheel
translate([wheelbase/2,track/2,0])
 rotate([0,0,0])
 simple_wheel(wheel_radius=wheel_radius, wheel_width=wheel_width);
// Front axle
translate([-wheelbase/2,0,0])
 axle(track=track);
// Rear axle
translate([wheelbase/2,0,0])
 axle(track=track);

Code
car_with_short_body_version.scad
…
body_version = "s";
…

Code
car_with_rectangular_body_version.scad
…
body_version = "r";
…

Code
car_with_normal_body_version.scad
…
body_version = "n";
…

Exercise
Add a wheels_version variable to the previous example. The variable should only take character values. Add appropriate conditional assignments that assign different values to the wheel_radius and wheel_width variables. The wheels_version variable should be used


text:
Mobilisation of water resources for irrigation via MEREN
Recovering wastewater from sewage treatment plants to irrigate and secure agricultural production on Réunion
CONTEXT & ISSUES
With its tropical climate, Réunion has no shortage of water, even if the island's abundant rainfall is unevenly distributed. It is rather the storage and distribution infrastructures that are insufficient, particularly in the highlands and the northern and eastern regions. The Meren irrigation programme (mobilisation of water resources in the Eastern and Northern micro-regions) is aimed precisely at remedying this deficiency.
It will irrigate more than 5,000 hectares of farmland currently lacking in water infrastructure. It also includes a project to reuse wastewater from the Grand Prado wastewater treatment plant to meet agricultural needs, in particular the irrigation of more than 500 hectares of sugar cane. Artelia is in charge of the design studies of this project…
Artelia is project manager for the design of this project, which involves building:
- A water treatment plant at the sewage treatment plant outlet, with a flow rate of 1240 m³/h, in order to bring the water into compliance with European regulations on water intended for irrigation purposes; Class A, the most stringent category, has been selected by the project owner, and will even allow the irrigation of food crops eaten raw, where the edible part is in direct contact with the recovered water, as well as weeds eaten raw.
- Over 200 kilometres of irrigation networks (DN 700 to 63)
- Two delivery stations of over 300 kVA


text:
What is the Asyra?
Asyra is a biofeedback device, using digital homeopathy to assess and balance your body. As you relax and hold its brass handles, the asyra:
* READS AND ASSESSES your organs, glands and systems via resonance vibration. Depending on your symptoms, it can conducts specific assessments, such as: * dental * hormonal * emotional * vertebral * constitutional * toxic stressors * food sensitivity * lyme disturbances * heavy metals * allergies and MANY more.
* DETECTS many disturbances at the vibrational level–before they become symptoms or disease states.
So the client with a disease state doesn't know that a vaccination disturbance from childhood, pesticide exposure from fruits and vegetables or too many X-rays have caused a burden that has taxed their body for decades, ultimately rendering them weakened.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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text:
Zangazur is one of large territories of present Armenia where Azerbaijanis historically lived. Basing on scientific sources, historical past Zangazur and its districts in a historical sketch of the Azerbaijanis living in Armenia is given.
Before giving a history and geography of cities, settlements and villages Kafan, Goris, Sisian (Garakilsa) and the districts Megrin which are included in present territorial – administrative division of district Zangazur where Azerbaijanis lived, we shall make digression to history Zangazur which purpose is revealing of some the allowed falsifications in histories of this region and representation to readers real histories of these districts.
In all historical literature of Armenia, especially in the Armenian Soviet encyclopedia (in the Armenian language), Zangazur and the districts, which are included in its structure, are given out as a historical territory of Armenia. Replacing the Albanian letters on the ancient Armenian alphabet i.e Grabar naming the Albanian crosses on stones as Gregorian ones want to prove a counterfeit history of this territory. To tell the truth, such falsifications and subjectivity are possible in a history. However, we shall not confuse ancient and medieval histories, and we shall stop on the first quarter of our century, where the question will be Zangazur district of Ganja (Yelizavetpol) province of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (from May 28, till April 27, 1920) established 90 years later from 1828. (It's evidently expressed in the map of Azerbaijan, 1920).
After the occupational period of Northern Azerbaijan by Russia (1828) a part of territories Zangelan, Gubadli and Lachin districts of Azerbaijan besides Kafan, Goris, Sisian and Megrin districts, also entered to Zangazur district of Ganja province (which grounds are historically Azerbaijanian ones). 224 197 persons lived in Zangazur in 1920 aggregating 2 233 facilities.
The territory of Zangazur covers the district on the left bank of the Araz River from Megri up to Akary, in the northern part from the highest top of Gapijig Mountains (in 3904 m height) and Khusdub (in 3202 m height) of the Zangazur ridge up to Bargushad Mountains. According to the sources, more than 70 % of the population of district was Azerbaijanians. In the territory of medieval Zangazur a number of historical monuments were artificially forged by Armenians and named as the Gregorian church in order to prove that only Armenians lived here in 7th-10th centuries. It is very strange fact that they knowing that these monuments do not belong to them, do not want to admit it, and on the contrary, declare them as own National Reserve. We shall name some such monuments: ruins of structures from several rooms in 4 km from Shaharjik district of Kafan under the name Vank. In 1965 historians of the Armenian Academy named this monument not Vank but Vagana -Vank (Vagan Church) and registered it. However, on one of stones of a monument on Grabar (ancient Armenian language) the following words have been written: «this monument is constructed by the daughter of the Albanian tsar Sanakerim… in 913 year». The Armenian historians in 1986 wanted to make the same falsification and in Davrus village of Kafan district. When it was found out that in this Albanian Church, there is nothing Armenian and that it belongs to Azerbaijanis, they tried to take away this monument by the machine to lose traces. Inhabitants of village have not enabled Armenian "scientists" to put into practice next false. During archeological excavations, the Armenian scientists in Sisian district (75 % of the population were Azerbaijanis) have found 292 historical monuments. The majority of these monuments belong to Azerbaijanis. The researcher of the Middle Ages, professor Mikayil Heydarov approves that up to 10th centuries in Zangazur the Armenian population hardly lived. Basically it has arrived to these places from Iran in 17th-19th centuries. We wonder how has been taken away Zangazur from the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic.
«In 1920 the district of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was made 113895, 97 km2». Within the Soviet authority with this district was reduced to 27000 km2 due to territory Zangazur, Irevan, Bayazid, Sharur-Daralayaz and Goychay districts which have been transferred (are presented) to Armenia. This district makes 90% of territory of Armenia. After 1920 only the territory of Zangazur district (Goris, Kafan, Sisian and Megri districts) made 4505,5 km2, that is more than the territory of MGAR of the Azerbaijan SSR.
On research of a history of 1918-1920th both in the USSR, and in our republic, the interdiction has been put, even secrets of the Stalin period are not opened because of not the admission of researchers to these documents. Therefore, till now remains a secret under what decree and why Zangazur has been given to Armenia. Our scientists and researchers last two years have revealed some information on this process, and we shall try to generalize them.
Eldar Namazov, the observer of «The Baku worker» Newspaper recently revealed some documents which enable to open this "secret". The newspaper writes that joint session of the Political Bureau and Organizational Department of the Azerbaijan Communist Party on November, 30, 1920 was held with participation of Orjonikidze, Stasov, Sarkisov, Yegorov, Kalinin, Serebrovski, Narimanov, Gasimov, Garayev, Huseynov. The decision was accepted in honour of an establishment of the Soviet authority in Armenia. In the decision there were such items «…Zangazur is transferred to Armenia; the Mountainous parts of Karabagh were entitled to self-determination…». The second day Narimanov declared withdrawal of the Azerbaijani troops from Zangazur.
Seventy-two years ago, the "Sheypur" Magazine finely characterized the perspective intentions of Armenians: «Indeed, shame is a good thing. But if persons are shameless, all the same from it all is possible to expect."
One of such shameless is Andranik Kirva, the commander-in-chief of the government of Armenia commencing extermination of Moslems of Garabagh. The government of Armenia ignoring these acts stealthily encourages it. And consequently there is no need to describe a policy and the purpose of this state».
This government says that neither Georgia nor Azerbaijan may exist on Caucasus. Only Armenia may exist here. All Caucasus should be or Armenia, or is similar to subordinate to Armenia. This national egoism is kept in their blood. After defeat in Turkey before extortion, dashnak general Andranik had been put the following problems: to expel all Azerbaijanis from province Levan and its districts Yeni Bayazid, Sharur-Daralayaz and from districts Zangazur, Shusha, Jabrail, Javanshir provinces of Ganja; to lodge there the Armenian refugees from Turkey and, thus, to grasp at the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic its primordial historical territories. Andranik after bloodshed of babies in Nakhchivan has arrived in Zangazur. First of all, in district Goris where be relative lived Azerbaijanis less, and there has created the staff. In 1918 in Goris has created in Zangazur the Armenian National Council and started to put into practice the artful plans. Andranik with the gangster groups has lifted the small population of Armenians of district Zangazur against the Azerbaijan government and within several months has destroyed more than 200 Azerbaijan settlements.
«Ending the report on the Armenian performances and atrocities I add, that in one district Zangazur it is crushed and plundered 105 (hundred five) settlements, the list which I apply…» Andranik has exterminated, including children, old men, women, more than 10 thousand Azerbaijanis, more than 120 thousand Azerbaijanis became refugees. The population of close villages to Karabagh ran in districts Karabagh, Azerbaijanis of Kafan and Megri ran in winter through mountain roads to Nakhchivan and Ordubad.
In the modern Armenian literature this extortion, general Andranik who was the originator of destruction of Armenians, is known as the national hero of Armenian people. Former first secretary Sisian of regional committee of party Aghakelan in the book "district Sisian" so makes comments on bloody crimes Andranik: «One of significant pages of a history of district is defense of sisans from Turkish invaders. In 1918 when Turkish have taken Nakhchivan, they have tried, having broken resistance Zangazur, through Shusha to get over in Baku…
In that, difficult time the big help of Zangazur rendered the commander of Armenian people Andranik Ozanyan. As wrote in magazine" Sheypur ". Look what impudence: first, Turkish never were in Sisian, second, Andranik and his dashnak armed groups for a long time have been removed from structure of the Armenian armies. They did not submit to the Armenian management. The government of the Armenian republic is not responsible for their irresponsible action».
For precise representation about acts of Armenians, including gangster groups Andranik, we result endurances from the report of a member Azerbaijan extraordinary commissions of Mikhaylov on following Muslim settlements… In addition, the Zangazur district of Ganja province injured of


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A scripted SQL query generation framework with IDE: SQLpp (v1.4)
, 12 Sep 2003 288.1K 4.6K 126
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A helper framework for generation of SQL queries in C++ and Lua
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Table of Contents
Introduction
SQLpp
SQLpp objective is to simplify the creation of SQL queries, and more specifically in C++. A .NET wrapper is under construction.
SQLpp uses the Boost Graph Library (BGL), see [2], to make an internal graph presentation of the table and constraints, in order to simplify query generation.
SQLpp follows the article proposed by Andreas Saurwein, SQL WHERE - the easy way, see [1]. The author presents a small class helper for easily formatting where clauses in C++. Starting from his idea, SQLpp has been built in order to simplify the tedious and error-prone writing of SQL queries.
The latest informations and downloads are available at _URL_
The article
A full documentation of the classes is given (using Doxygen), therefore, I will not go into details about the classes' methods but rather give a general overview of SQLpp and various examples to illustrate it.
In this article, it is assumed that the reader has some basic knowledge about SQL and SQL queries.
SQLpp is still a work in progress, I present it here in order to have construtive suggestions. In the future SQLpp should be embedded into some GUI...
Features
Here is a list of SQLpp features:
 - 1.6
 - Dot (graphviz) generator
 - 1.5
 - managed C++ wrapper
 - C# wrapper generator
 - 1.4
 - Entirely rewritten the core of the framework,
 - subqueries
 - in subqueries
 - case predicate
 - typed constant
 - date, time, timestamp
 - a lot of new aggregate functions
 - added a new join method to link two query tables
 - multiple database support
 - 1.1
 - names and alias handling,
 - multiple field primary key, unique and reference constraint (foreign key),
 - self reference support,
 - inner join, outer join (left, right, full),
 - join resolution if possible*,
 - field prefix helper,
 - field value comparison,
 - field-field comparison,
 - and, or, xor, not,
 - is (not) null,
 - exists,
 - union, excepts, intersects
 - aggregate functions: count, avg, max, min, sum, mean
 - in predicate,
 - sub queries,
 - SQL creation string parser (using Spirit)
* Given two tables, SQLpp checks for the corresponding reference constraints. If this constraint is unique, SQLpp knows it is the constraint to use to perform the join.
Example database
Before getting into the details of SQLpp, let me illustrate it with a simple example. Suppose that we have the following database:
There are a few remarks to make about it:
 - All tables have primary keys,
 - EmployeeStores has a multiple field primary key,
 - Constraints have multiple keys (see unique in Clients, or remark above),
 - Employees contains a self reference (ChiefID)
Creating a SQLpp database
In order to help the user, SQLpp must learn the database structure. This can be done by hard coding the tables, fields and constraints or more easily by using the built-in SQL parser (written using Spirit 7.0).
New in 1.4: You need to provide a database adapter to the constructor. A database adapter takes care of handling the difference between the different databases available, differences like date format, forward declaration support, subqueries support, etc...
 - C++
 //creating a database adaptor
 adapters::database_adaptor_shared_ptr mysql
 (new adapters::mysql_adaptor());

 database_shared_ptr db = database::create(mysql);
 if(!parse_sql( sql ))
 ...// could not parse the stringLua
Remarks:
 - mssql_adaptor is also available
This is about all you need to do. Internally, SQLpp has built a graph, using the BGL, where the vertices are the table and the edges are the reference constraints as depicted in the picture below.
You can also verify the DB structure by generating its SQL creating statement:
 - C++
 cout<<db->get_create_statement()
Multiple database support
Adaptors are used to match the particularity of each database engine. They have two main properties:
 1. Conversion method that take care of formatting dates, strings, etc,
 2. Support flags that tell the framework if a particular feature is supported (e.g. forward declaration)
Adaptors are in the adaptors namespace.
Creating queries
Once the database is constructed, it can be used to create queries. A query object can be constructed from the database:
select_query_shared_ptr q = db.create_query();
and the SQL code is generated by
cout<<q->get_sql();
Once the query is allocated, you need to take the following steps:
 1. Add and join tables,
 2. Add fields (optional),
 3. Specify where, group by, having and order by conditions (optional).
The steps above will be illustrated by a number of SQL queries ranging from very simple to more elaborate.
Specifying fields
A simple query
We want to list all the clients:
 - Desired SQL
 SELECT * FROM Clients
 - C++
 q->add_table( db->get_table("Clients") );

Remarks:
 1. database::get_table retreives the table Clients (as a shared pointer). If table Clients is not found, an exception is thrown.
 2. select_query::add_table adds the Clients table to the query and returns are query table pointer. A query table is an instance of a table which has to be used later to specify field belongings. Note that we need to differentiate query table and table in order to handle self-referenced tables.
Specify some fields
select all clients last name :
 - Desired SQL
 SELECT C.ClientLastName AS 'Last Name' FROM Clients AS C
 - C++
 query_table_shared_ptr tc=q->add_table( db->get_table("Clients"), "C" );
 q->add_field( tc->get_field("ClientLastName"), "Last Name" );
Remarks:
 1. C is the Clients table alias
 2. query_table::get_field retrieve the field ClientLastName (as a shared pointer),
 3. select_query::add_field adds the field ClientLastName with alias Last Name. The alias is optional.
 4. SQLpp will automatically add the table name or alias in the field description.
Aggregate functions
select count( * ) from clients :
 - Desired SQL
 SELECT COUNT(ClientID) FROM Clients
 - C++
 query_table_shared_ptr tc=q->add_table( db->get_table("Clients"));
 q->add_field( count( tc ) );
Remarks:
 1. count takes any query_field pointer. If NULL, * is used.
 2. sum, avg, max, min, sum are also available
 3. To have DISTINCT, put true as second parameter:
 q->add_field( count( tc->get_field("ClientID"), true ) );
Value expression
select product price * order quantity from orders and products:
 - Desired SQL
 SELECT O.OrderQuantity * P.ProductPrice
 FROM ...
 - C++
 query_table_shared_ptr to=q->add_table( db->get_table("Orders"), "C" );
 query_table_shared_ptr tp=q->join( to, db->get_table("Products"), "C" );

 q->add_field(
 to->get_field("OrderQuantity")
 * tp->get_field("ProductPrice")
 );
Remarks:
 1. join will be explained later. It performs the inner join.
 2. This is an operation between two query fields.
 3. Allowed operators are: +, *, -, /
 4. Not implemented yet in Lua
select product price * VAT from products :
 - Desired SQL
 SELECT P.ProductPrice * 1.21 FROM Products
 - C++
 double vat = 1.21;

 q->add_field( tp->get_field("ProductPrice") * vat );
Remarks
 1. This is an operation between a numerical value and a query field.
 2. Allowed numerical values are: float, double, int, uint, long, ulong,
 3. Of course, you can mix all to build complex arithmetic expression
select sum( product price * order quantity * VAT ) from products and orders :
 - Desired SQL
 SELECT SUM( P.ProductPrice * O.OrderQuantity * 1.21


text:
Long term vision for the future
Our native red squirrel populations are secure and have expanded beyond their current strongholds. Our woodlands are flourishing and can continue to deliver multiple benefits for future generations
The UK Squirrel Accord consists of 32 leading woodland, timber industry and conservation organisations in the UK. It was created at the invitation of HRH Prince Charles – who had the aim of bringing a concerted and coordinated approach to securing the future of our red squirrels and woodlands, and to controlling the introduced grey squirrel.
Why control grey squirrels?
Grey squirrels need controlling because they are causing major economic, social and environmental damage to the broadleaved woodlands of the United Kingdom.
The grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) was introduced to the UK from North America in 1876 and its population has grown rapidly since then.
The problem of grey squirrels was first recognised in 1930 when a law was passed making it illegal to release a grey squirrel into the wild. Today it is estimated that could be as many as 3 million grey squirrels in the UK and this number continues to grow.
Forest damage and the impact on the UK's woodland industry
Grey squirrels damage our forests by stripping bark from trees' main trunks (at the base and up in the canopy) and branches. When they strip a complete ring of bark around the tree, it will kill the tree.
The impact of grey squirrels on red squirrels
This colonisation has had devastating consequences for our native red squirrels as the grey squirrels were first introduced to England from North America in 1876 as an ornamental species to populate the grounds of stately homes. Around 30 separate introductions occurred until 1930 when the damage caused by the grey squirrel was recognised and it was made illegal to release a grey squirrel to the wild. Grey squirrels have rapidly spread and colonised much of mainland England with detriment to our native red squirrel.
The most significant threat associated with grey squirrels is the spread and transmission of a disease called squirrelpox virus (SQPV). It can take only one grey squirrel to introduce this virus to a local population of red squirrels and then the virus can spread throughout the reds with devastating effect. Where a grey squirrel introduces SQPV, red squirrel population decline has been observed at between 17-25 times quicker than through competition alone.
The Squirrel Accord commitment to the future
Our commitment to the effective and targeted control of grey squirrels and the protection of red squirrels will be achieved through the following key areas. Ensuring the public understand the importance of our work. Communicating to the public through platforms such as engaging with Landowners and local groups. Working with and building on existing partnerships to ensure that all relevant landowners are aware of the impact of grey squirrels. Offering practical support and advice on grey squirrel management. A long term commitment to practical action and scientific research, ensuring our work is in line with available national research and guidance, developing and trialling innovative control methods, research and monitoring, developing a series of case studies highlighting exemplary management, coordination and communication and so bringing groups together to ensure they work effectively and to a common purpose


text:
Find me and follow me are two call forwarding services that are commonly used in conjunction with each other. Find me service allows the user to receive calls at any location; follow me service allows the user to be reached at any of several phone numbers.
Find me / follow me is often used in IP telephony. In some systems, the user is assigned a virtual phone number. When that number is dialed the system routes the call through a user-defined list of numbers. The numbers may be called simultaneously or sequentially, either in a preferred order or in accordance with the user's scheduled activities and locations. Once the list has been called and no connection made, the system may route the call to voice mail.


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capsized kayak
File photo credit: Wikimedia commons
by Hevina Kaur
Now that you've mastered the right way to use a kayak paddle and how to stop a kayak and turn a kayak, it's time to learn something more advanced. Every seasoned kayaker will experience capsizing one day. It's an essential part of the experience, whether you do it on purpose or for fun, you have to try capsizing at least once to really complete your kayaking experience and to prepare yourself.
The easiest way to recover your kayak after capsizing is employing a technique called the Eskimo Roll.
1. If your kayak is going to fully capsize, you will need to anticipate it. Before you're completely submerged you need to bring your paddle parallel the kayak, rolling your wrist forward.
2. As the kayak is upside down, turn the paddle and reach out to grab the water, bringing your paddle up near the surface of the water.
3. Use your hips to allow you to flip the kayak back upright. This is the most important part. Your arms are not the key part of allowing you to turn back up. They only help position the paddle. Your hips are the ones doing the work here.
While you are underwater, you need to throw your hips to the right and to the left, almost as if you are wiggling in your seat. This is the momentum that is going to allow your kayak to turn back upright.
After this, you should have already recovered your capsized kayak. You need to practise this move a couple times before you can truly master it. It is essential to know this move when you're out kayaking because you never know when you might capsize and you will need to put these skills to test. Safety is truly of utmost importance when you're out at in the open sea.
Falling out of your seat while capsizing
What happens if you fall out of your seat when you capsize though? That requires a different set of skills.
1. Firstly, you will have to return your kayak into an upright position. Simply reach under your kayak and grab on to both sides of the cockpit rim to push it over and flip it upright.
2. Once your kayak is upright, you'll have to reach across to the opposite side of it and simply pull your whole body up and onto the kayak, as if you were getting out of a swimming pool.
3. Now that you're on the kayak again, you need to position yourself back into your sitting position by flipping your body over and sliding yourself back into your seat.
And there you have it, you now know how to get back onto your kayak once you've capsized whether be it while still in the kayak or if you fell out of the kayak.
At the end of the day, you need to be careful when you do this because waters can be rather unpredictable. Although recovering from a capsized kayak can be quite fun to practise, never ever do it without the supervision of your instructor. If you happen to accidentally capsize, make sure you keep calm because nothing will impede a kayak recovery more than someone who is panicking.
Singapore Sports Council location map
3 Stadium Drive, Singapore 397630


text:
3D Visualization of X-ray Diffraction Data
X-ray diffraction experiments are used extensively in the sciences to study the structure, chemical
composition and physical properties of materials. The output of such experiments are samples of the
diffraction pattern, which essentially constitutes a 3D unstructured dataset. In this thesis, we
develop a method for visualizing such datasets.
Our visualization method is based on volume ray casting, but operates directly on the unstructured
samples, rather than resampling them to form voxels. We estimate the intensity of the X-ray
diffraction pattern at points along the rays by interpolation using nearby samples, taking advantage
of an octree to facilitate efficient range search. The method is implemented on both the CPU
and the GPU.
To test our method, actual X-ray diffraction datasets is used, consisting of up to 120M samples.
We are able to generate images of good quality. The rendering time varies dramatically, between 5 s
and 200 s, depending upon dataset, and settings used. A simple performance model is developed
and empirically tested to better understand this variation. Our implementation scales exceptionally
well to more CPU cores, with a speedup of 5.9 on a 6-core CPU. Furthermore, the GPU implementation
achieves a speedup of around 4.6 compared to the CPU version.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institutt for datateknikk og informasjonsvitenskap , 2012. , 136 p.
ntnudaim:7334, MTDT datateknikk, Komplekse datasystemer
IdentifiersURN: urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18903Local ID: ntnudaim:7334OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ntnu-18903DiVA: diva2:566360
Elster, Anne Cathrine, FørsteamanuensisBreiby, Dag W.


text:
By Chris Putnam
A new custom-made pontoon boat in the University of Saskatchewan (USask) Department of Biology is helping students get hands-on experience studying the lakes of Saskatchewan.
Funded in part by donors, the teaching and research vessel is the result of a multi-year fundraising campaign led by Dr. Jeff Hudson (PhD), professor of biology in the College of Arts and Science.
Seven students in the USask undergraduate course BIOL 412 joined Hudson for the first official voyage of the boat in September to learn practical skills in the field of limnology—the study of inland waters.
"This ties what they're learning in the classroom to what's going on in the natural world around them," said Hudson. "They actually absorb the material and hold onto it longer."
On Sept. 10 and 11, the class visited Blackstrap Lake and Martins Lake, Sask., to learn methods for collecting samples of water, plankton, sediment and more from the lakes. Later, in a laboratory on the USask campus, the students analyzed their samples to gain knowledge of lake ecosystems and water quality.
"It was super cool. I kind of realized that as much learning as you do in the classroom, you don't learn as much as when you're actually out there hands-on observing and doing things yourself," said Emily Bodnar, a fourth-year environmental biology student who joined the field trip.
The limnology course has a long history of providing students with experiential learning, but the new teaching boat makes the annual field trip a much better experience.
"In the past, it was a bit of a struggle," said Hudson.
In previous years, about five boats would be brought onto the lakes and tied together. The students would have to pass equipment between boats while Hudson shouted instructions.
The new 7.8-metre pontoon boat is large enough to fit an entire class. Its deck is laid out with custom seating to make room for students and the assortment of sampling equipment needed on the field trip.
"It's just so much more comfortable, so much more efficient in terms of communication and moving equipment around," said Hudson.
Limnology is a very important topic, Hudson said, because it deals with water quality—a critical issue in Canada.
Despite this importance, field programs have been declining at post-secondary institutions across Canada due to the large investment of teaching time and money they require.
"However, with the myriad of environmental issues we face globally, we have to reverse this trend and return to training youth about their natural world 'in' the natural world. This connection between humans and the natural environment is broken, at a time when we need it more than ever," said Hudson.
Having practical experience in limnology is a major boon to students seeking jobs in water quality and related fields, Hudson added.
Students on the trip used a variety of tools and techniques for studying inland waters, ranging from large nets for catching plankton near the surface to Secchi discs for measuring the transparency of the water.
Bodnar's favourite tool was the Ekman grab used to retrieve samples of material from the lakebed. A metal box with hinged jaws on its bottom, the device drags up sediment and bottom-dwelling invertebrate animals from the deepest parts of a lake.
The foul-smelling muck can give scientists valuable information about the condition of an ecosystem or the presence of contaminants.
Bre Hipkin, another student majoring in environmental biology, enjoyed sampling plankton using Wisconsin nets.
"It's a pretty easy practice, but it's really interesting to see how much data it gives you about the lake health and what kind of organisms are living in it," she said. "It was a really fun trip. It seems like it's going to be a really interesting class."
The new boat cost just over $60,000 and was supported by donations from Saskatchewan Walleye Trail, Fishing for Tomorrow Foundation, Pally Performance Products, Jeff Hudson, Scott Halpin, AMD Manufacturing, and Ted and Marie Hammer. The College of Arts and Science and the Department of Biology also provided funding for the purchase.
"This teaching vessel wouldn't be possible without the funding we've had from the donors," said Hudson.
The new boat is named the Hudson-Hammer-Rawson Limnology Teaching Vessel, or HHR, in honour of the three limnologists hired by the Department of Biology since its founding: Hudson, Dr. Ted Hammer (PhD) and Dr. Donald Rawson (PhD).
Donations are still being accepted for upgrades and enhancements to the boat. Donor inquiries can be sent to _EMAIL_.


A closer look into the computer virus
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A closer look into the computer virus
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X2 1650
the solution to which, subject to the boundary condition x = 0 when £ = 0, is x=v/e. (6.51)
Figure 6.2 shows the results of using a random number generator to compute N values of £ and the corresponding values of x in 100 bins. The computed probability density is shown as dots. As N increases, the dots lie more closely to the exact probability distribution. If for fixed N the same set of calculations is done again and again the distribution of dots will not be exactly the same. This is shown in Fig. 6.3 for 100 bins and two sets of 106 random numbers.
The previous paragraphs are general. Now we have to get specific in order to develop a computational method in detail. For this we need probability distributions for path lengths and scattering directions, which we turn to next.
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Days, Months and Seasons in Pāḷi
(Abhidhānappadīpaka, v. 74-81)
Ghaṭikā saṭṭhyahoratto, pakkho te dasapañca ca,
There are sixty hours in the day and night, a fortnight has fifteen of these (days), Sometimes a fortnight has only 14.01
Te tu pubbāparā sukkakāḷā, māso tu te duve.
There are the former and later, brightening and darkening (fortnights), and there are two of these to a month.
Citto, Vesākha, Jeṭṭho c' Āsāḷho dvīsu ca Sāvaṇo,
Citta, Vesākha, Jeṭṭha and Āsāḷha, and the two Sāvaṇas (early and late), There are potentially two of these months as there is an occasional need to adjust the moon calendar to the sun calendar. In Myanmar and Sri Lanka that adjustment is made at the beginning of the Rainy Season; in Thailand and Cambodia, however, the adjustment is made when required by the astonomical calculations. It is known as the adhikamāsa (extra month)02
Poṭṭhapād' Assayujā ca māsā dvādasa Kattiko.The month is normally written in the feminine gender, as Kattikā, but in Abhidhānappadīpaka it is given as a masculine.03
Poṭṭhapāda, Assayuja, the twelve months (include) Kattika.
Māgasiro tathā Phusso, kamena Māgha-Phagguṇā.
Māgasira and then Phussa, and by and by Māgha (and) Phagguṇa.
Kattik' Assayujā māsā pacchimapubba-Kattikā.
The months Kattika and Assayujas are (also) known as the late and early Kattika.
Sāvaṇo Nikkhamanīyo, Cittamāso tu Rammako. These are alternative names. 04
Sāvaṇa (is also known as) Nikkhamanīya, the month Citta (is also known as) Rammaka.
Caturo caturo māsā, Kattikakāḷapakkhato
Four by four months, (starting) from the darkening fortnight in Kattika
Kamā Hemanta-Gimhāna-Vassānā utuyo dvisu.
In order there is the Winter, Summer and Rainy seasons (divided) in two.
Hemanto Sisiram-utū, cha vā Vasanto ca Gimha-Vassānā,
The six seasons are: Snowy (and) Cool, Spring (and) Hot, Rainy
Sarado ti kamā māsā, dve dve vuttānusārena.
(And) Autumn, that is the order of the months, two by two according to what is said.
Uṇho nidāgho gimho 'tha, vasso Vassānapāvusā,
Then there is the Hot, the Boiling (or) the Heat (season), the Rains, the Rainy (or) the Showery (season), These are alternative names. 05
Utūhi tīhi Vassānādikehi dakkhiṇāyanaṁ,
In the three seasons, from the beginning of the Rainy (season, the Sun) goes by the southern path,
Uttarāyanam-aññehi, tīhi vassāyanadvayaṁ.
(It goes) by the northerly path in the other (months), in the year there are (these) two paths.
Synopsis of the Months and Seasons
Synopsis of the Months and Seasons
In Sanskrit the names are: Caitra, Vaisākha, Jyaiṣṭha, Āṣāḍha, Śrāvaṇa, Bhādrapada, Āśvina, Kārttika, Mārgaśirṣa, Pauṣa, Māgha, Phālguna.
In the Buddhist system the month itself normally consists of either 30 days (normally 18 times a year) or 29 days (normally 6 times a year), and starts the day after full moon (puṇṇimantamāna), running up till the following full moon. The season also begins the day after the Full Moon.
The Buddhist calendar calculations are based on the Lunisolar year. Important dates (like the Awakening) being commemorated on the Moon cycle, and the Moon cycle itself being adjusted to fit in with the Solar cycle.
This results in an additional month being added in to the calendar roughly every 2 or 3 years (it normally needs 7 extra months every 19 years). Intercalcery days (adhikavāra) are also added in as and when required, there being 11 extra days every 57 years.
The Buddhist era (BE, which begins at year 0 in Sri Lanka, and year 1 in Thailand) starts at the day the Buddha attained Parinibbāna, which, according to the traditional reckoning was on 11th March 544 BC (this date is disputed by many scholars, but this is the date that is current in Buddhist countries). According to this dating he was therefore born in 624 BC and attained Awakening in 589 BC.
The days of the week do not seem to be mentioned in Pāḷi literature
but they are given in Ven. Buddhadatta's English-Pali Dictionary as follows:
Candavāra = Monday
Kujavāra = Tuesday
Budhavāra = Wednesday
Guruvāra = Thursday
Sukkavāra = Friday
Sanivāra = Saturday
Ravivāra = Sunday


text:
Join the Montana State Reading Council to promote lifelong literacy. Your membership provides you with valuable literacy opportunities, which include:
- Annual MSRC Literacy Conference – featuring exceptional education speakers from across the nation, and outstanding presentations from some of the finest Montana educators.
- Literacy Voices – Online source for sharing informational articles written by educators.
- Awards, Grants and Scholarship - several opportunities offered to members.
- Local Councils – enriching communities across the state.
- Treasure State Books – providing nominated books for small schools.
To join or renew your MSRC membership: by mail - download membership form; online - click here to join or renew your membership online.


Random number generators for Linux on z Systems
For Linux on z Systems there are multiple kernel interfaces to get to (pseudo) random data. First there are the two standard Linux interfaces.
 - /dev/random : blocking interface used for really good random numbers
 - /dev/urandom : nonblocking interface used for everything else
Those interfaces work the same on z Systems as they do on other platforms. However in highly virtualized environments there are really idle servers where nothing is happening. This means that there isn't a lot of entropy generated and therefore /dev/random will block.
On top for z Systems there are two additional interfaces:
 - /dev/prandom : this is a hardware assisted pseudo random number generator using the System z CPACF instructions. To enable it do a modprobe prng. Further details can be found in the "Device Drivers, Features, and Commands" book for upstream, SUSE and Red Hat. In those books search for prng.
 - /dev/hwrng : this is a true random number generator using the CryptoExpress CCA co-processor function. For this to work, you need the hardware card installed and configured to your Linux. Then a modprobe z90crypt starts it.
As expected prandom is faster than urandom. But the additional card with the real random number generator is even faster and doesn't use CPU. Obviously when you share the card the throughput will be split between the Linux images.
If your application is written against /dev/random and there isn't enouh entropy in the system, you can refill it by using the rngd daemon. To start it use then command rngd -r /dev/hwrng. Of course you need to install the rng-tools package first. Caveat: you may need to change the service configuration file to point to /dev/hwrng. Or you create the /dev/hwrandom (which is the default for rngd) device node by linking to /dev/hwrng.
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System Administration Guide: Basic Administration
Turning Off Power to All Devices
You need to turn off power to all system devices when you do the following:
Turn the power off for system devices, including the CPU, the monitor, and external devices such as disks, tapes, and printers.
Before you turn off power to all system devices, you should shut down the system cleanly, as described in the preceding sections.
ProcedureHow to Turn Off Power to All Devices
 1. Select one of the following methods to shut down the system:
 2. Turn off the power to all devices after the system is shutdown. If necessary, also unplug the power cables.
 3. After power can be restored, use the following steps to turn on the system and devices.
 1. Plug in the power cables.
 2. Turn on the monitor.
 3. Turn on disk drives, tape drives, and printers.
 4. Turn on the CPU.
 The system is brought to run level 3.