Position, vTextPosition, viewR, iconR, textR,
 iconTextGap);
 int x1 = Math.min(iconR.x, textR.x);
 int x2 = Math.max(iconR.x + iconR.width, textR.x + textR.width);
 int y1 = Math.min(iconR.y, textR.y);
 int y2 = Math.max(iconR.y + iconR.height, textR.y + textR.height);
 Dimension rv = new Dimension(x2 - x1, y2 - y1);
 rv.width += dx;
 rv.height += dy;
 return rv;
 }

public java.lang.StringlayoutText(javax.swing.plaf.synth.SynthContext ss, java.awt.FontMetrics fm, java.lang.String text, javax.swing.Icon icon, int hAlign, int vAlign, int hTextPosition, int vTextPosition, java.awt.Rectangle viewR, java.awt.Rectangle iconR, java.awt.Rectangle textR, int iconTextGap)
Lays out text and an icon returning, by reference, the location to place the icon and text.
param
ss SynthContext
param
fm FontMetrics for the Font to use, this may be ignored
param
text Text to layout
param
icon Icon to layout
param
hAlign horizontal alignment
param
vAlign vertical alignment
param
hTextPosition horizontal text position
param
vTextPosition vertical text position
param
viewR Rectangle to layout text and icon in.
param
iconR Rectangle to place icon bounds in
param
textR Rectangle to place text in
param
iconTextGap gap between icon and text
 if (icon instanceof SynthIcon) {
 SynthIconWrapper wrapper = SynthIconWrapper.get((SynthIcon)icon,
 ss);
 String formattedText = SwingUtilities.layoutCompoundLabel(
 ss.getComponent(), fm, text, wrapper, vAlign, hAlign,
 vTextPosition, hTextPosition, viewR, iconR, textR,
 iconTextGap);
 SynthIconWrapper.release(wrapper);
 return formattedText;
 }
 return SwingUtilities.layoutCompoundLabel(
 ss.getComponent(), fm, text, icon, vAlign, hAlign,
 vTextPosition, hTextPosition, viewR, iconR, textR,
 iconTextGap);

public voidpaintText(javax.swing.plaf.synth.SynthContext ss, java.awt.Graphics g, java.lang.String text, java.awt.Rectangle bounds, int mnemonicIndex)
Paints text at the specified location. This will not attempt to render the text as html nor will it offset by the insets of the component.
param
ss SynthContext
param
g Graphics used to render string in.
param
text Text to render
param
bounds Bounds of the text to be drawn.
param
mnemonicIndex Index to draw string at.
 paintText(ss, g, text, bounds.x, bounds.y, mnemonicIndex);

public voidpaintText(javax.swing.plaf.synth.SynthContext ss, java.awt.Graphics g, java.lang.String text, int x, int y, int mnemonicIndex)
Paints text at the specified location. This will not attempt to render the text as html nor will it offset by the insets of the component.
param
ss SynthContext
param
g Graphics used to render string in.
param
text Text to render
param
x X location to draw text at.
param
y Upper left corner to draw text at.
param
mnemonicIndex Index to draw string at.
 if (text != null) {
 JComponent c = ss.getComponent();
 SynthStyle style = ss.getStyle();
 FontMetrics fm = SwingUtilities2.getFontMetrics(c, g);
 y += fm.getAscent();
 SwingUtilities2.drawString(c, g, text, x, y);
 if (mnemonicIndex >= 0 && mnemonicIndex < text.length()) {
 int underlineX = x + SwingUtilities2.stringWidth(
 c, fm, text.substring(0, mnemonicIndex));
 int underlineY = y;
 int underlineWidth = fm.charWidth(text.charAt(mnemonicIndex));
 int underlineHeight = 1;
 g.fillRect(underlineX, underlineY + fm.getDescent() - 1,
 underlineWidth, underlineHeight);
 }
 }

public voidpaintText(javax.swing.plaf.synth.SynthContext ss, java.awt.Graphics g, java.lang.String text, javax.swing.Icon icon, int hAlign, int vAlign, int hTextPosition, int vTextPosition, int iconTextGap, int mnemonicIndex, int textOffset)
Paints an icon and text. This will render the text as html, if necessary, and offset the location by the insets of the component.
param
ss SynthContext
param
g Graphics to render string and icon into
param
text Text to layout
param
icon Icon to layout
param
hAlign horizontal alignment
param
vAlign vertical alignment
param
hTextPosition horizontal text position
param
vTextPosition vertical text position
param
iconTextGap gap between icon and text
param
mnemonicIndex Index into text to render the mnemonic at, -1 indicates no mnemonic.
param
textOffset Amount to offset the text when painting
 if ((icon == null) && (text == null)) {
 return;
 }
 JComponent c = ss.getComponent();
 FontMetrics fm = SwingUtilities2.getFontMetrics(c, g);
 Insets insets = SynthLookAndFeel.getPaintingInsets(ss, paintInsets);
 paintViewR.x = insets.left;
 paintViewR.y = insets.top;
 paintViewR.width = c.getWidth() - (insets.left + insets.right);
 paintViewR.height = c.getHeight() - (insets.top + insets.bottom);
 paintIconR.x = paintIconR.y = paintIconR.width = paintIconR.height = 0;
 paintTextR.x = paintTextR.y = paintTextR.width = paintTextR.height = 0;
 String clippedText =
 layoutText(ss, fm, text, icon, hAlign, vAlign,
 hTextPosition, vTextPosition, paintViewR, paintIconR,
 paintTextR, iconTextGap);
 if (icon != null) {
 Color color = g.getColor();
 paintIconR.x += textOffset;
 paintIconR.y += textOffset;
 SynthIcon.paintIcon(icon, ss, g, paintIconR.x, paintIconR.y,
 paintIconR.width, paintIconR.height);
 g.setColor(color);
 }
 if (text != null) {
 View v = (View) c.getClientProperty(BasicHTML.propertyKey);
 if (v != null) {
 v.paint(g, paintTextR);
 } else {
 paintTextR.x += textOffset;
 paintTextR.y += textOffset;
 paintText(ss, g, clippedText, paintTextR, mnemonicIndex);
 }
 }


text: Potlids are just that, lids for pots. Transfer-printed pot lids had their heyday from the 1840s to the early 1900s. The first potlid with a colored transfer print was made in 1846 and was called Polar Bears. The English Staffordshire potteries made ceramic containers with decorative lids for bear's grease, shrimp or meat paste, cold cream, and toothpaste. Printed advertising and pictures of historical events, portraits of famous people, or scenic views were designed in black and white or color. Reproductions have been made.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Highlighting the role of ICT for a cleaner and sustainable future, Huawei hosted the Better World Summit (BWS), bringing industry stakeholder together to share and discuss the company's innovative solutions designed to help industries reduce emission and energy use.
Bob Cai, chief marketing officer of Huawei's carrier business group, delivered the opening speech titled "Green ICT for Green Development".
"As a leading global provider of ICT infrastructure and smart devices, Huawei incorporates green development into everything we do. We see this as part of our social responsibilities. In addition, Huawei is ready to become the best partner for operators in their efforts toward carbon neutrality," said Cai. "With our innovative products and solutions, we will help operators cut carbon emissions and make their networks more energy efficient. We also want to work with operators and use ICT to better enable other industries to cut carbon emissions and become carbon neutral faster."
Like this summit, in June 2021, Huawei and Informa Tech jointly proposed the Network Carbon Intensity (NCI) initiative, in which carbon emissions per bit of data is defined as a new metric for green networks. Huawei emphasized that people's pursuit of better lives must be balanced with the need for lower carbon emissions, so the company proposed this initiative to better manage and measure carbon reduction roadmaps.
During this summit, Huawei stressed the need to establish a platform for industry collaboration on green development and said that BWS is a good example. This platform will regularly bring together industry partners and operators to share innovative technologies and latest practices in how to cut carbon emissions and contribute to a greener ICT industry. According to Cai, at MWC Barcelona 2022, Huawei will continue to hold a green development forum with its partners to share industry practices and latest solutions, and all industry partners and operators are welcome to attend the forum.
"We believe the BWS in Dubai is a good beginning. Looking ahead, we will continue to work with our industry partners and operators to empower green development of all industries using our innovative technologies," said Cai at the end of his speech. "As we envision in the theme of our flagship exhibition hall in Dubai, 'Lighting up the Future', we believe that together, we will light up a greener future."
Speaking on the theme of Together towards a Sustainable Future, Dr. Ahmed Bin Ali, svp corporate communications, Etisalat thanked Huawei for contributing as innovative supplier and also for hosting this summit to address the important topic of sustainability in the ICT sector. "Every day we make choices in our lives that affect the environment, climate and also our communities and as we move towards digital economy, sustainability must be embedded in our businesses. Technologies must be agile in the face of disruption and create new business models, and I think this is an ideal time for the ICT sector to shine and be able to provide other sustainable solutions. It is about empowering the next era of digital transformation with 5G communication, AI, IoT and machine learning," he said. "Etisalat strives to operate responsibly and transparently by living our inspiration of 'Together Matters and for today 'Together towards a Sustainable Future. We believe that creative solution and perfect technology can ensure long-term benefits to our environment and the climate." He also highlighted Etisalat's energy efficiency projects in 16 markets across the GCC and MENA region in line with UAE's vision 2021 and United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Other attendees who spoke at the event included Richard Mahony, vice president of service provider markets of Informa Tech; Dr. Dena Assaf, UN resident coordinator of the United Arab Emirates; Tommy Stadlen, co-founder of Giant Ventures; Hervé Suquet, group energy SVP of Orange; Dirk Karl, chief procurement officer of MTN; Tanveer Mohammad, SVP of global operation of Telenor; and Aaron Jiang, vice president of Huawei wireless product Line.
The summit also included a tour of Huawei solutions that included green PV-powered sites using solar energy, energy-efficient wireless modular outdoor sites, optical transports and many other integrated ICT solutions for industries.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text: "The Pansiya Panas Jathaka Potha" is the most populer and respectable Buddhist story book in Sri Lanka which was written in the Ancient period of Kurunagala. The book was based on a Pali book named "Pali Jatha Katha" This book is well famous in both local and foreign Buddhist society. The content of this book guided people to understand the value of a proper life and directed them to a successful and a correct path. Also it explained the Co-immorals of the society with 547 meaningful stories. The was used from the common people to well educated society in the past. The chanting techniques of this book is so unique in Sri Lanka, because of lack of protected communication methods to the modern generation, we have been loosing the traditional chanting styles. Therefore through his research Ven Bibiladeniye Mahanama thero has identified the traditional chanting style of Jathaka Katha and self -inflicted contribution to conserved this with a total number of 547 stories as a digital audio format with a record keeping about 513 hours with a participation of more than 100 Buddhist monks. Finically Sponsored By Mr. Nesli Ranjith.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am building a search engine. And when a user types their search into my engine, my script only really checks for words in the statement, and if they match the keywords...the result is returned. But what if iPad is searched and Apple, because is is a higher rank, is returned before the official iPad website in Apple.com. I have begun using full text search but it still is a bit edgy. Any ideas?
$query = " SELECT * FROM scan WHERE ";
$terms = array_map('mysql_real_escape_string', $terms);
$i = 0;
foreach ($terms as $each) {
 if ($i++!== 0){
 $query.= " AND ";
 $query.= "Match(title, description, keywords, link) Against ('%{$each}%') ";
share|improve this question
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1 Answer
when doing full text searching, you don't need to add each keyword to its own "match against" statement in the where clause. You can just say Match(title, description, keywords, link) Against ('ipod apple'). It will do the matching of each word in the "against" part and rank them accordingly. You can also do boolean matches where you can weight specific words using key symbols like "+" (+SomeWord) for making that word required in the result, "-" (-SomeWord) for making that word not allowed in the result...etc.
share|improve this answer
Have you got any code I could use to see what you mean. Or take my code and edit for it to work – Reseed Grey Sep 28 '12 at 17:49
Use Against ('".implode(' ',$terms)."') – Loz Cherone Sep 28 '12 at 17:57
Doesn't work, would thre be a function which calculates the amount of times the word appears in designated fields and then returns them in a higher order – Reseed Grey Sep 28 '12 at 18:08
_USER_ what lawrence wrote is correct. How is it not working? is the query throwing an error? Check out the boolean page I linked to in the answer, it gives some pretty good examples. The ranking is how fulltext works. You add a fulltext index on a column, the db indexes each word and how often it appears, the query will rank rows based on how often search words appear. You can put the "match against" in the select part of the query to get back that ranking. – Jonathan Kuhn Sep 28 '12 at 18:16
It just doesn't seem to make any difference. Can you post an edit of my code below to show me what you mean? – Reseed Grey Sep 28 '12 at 18:29
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Your Answer


Wular Lake of Jammu & Kashmir – History, Access, Topography, Geology, Hydrology, Flora, Wildlife and Restoration Plans
Wular Lake is a large freshwater lake in the Bandipore district in Jammu and Kashmir. The lake was declared a Ramsar site on March 23, 1990, because of its biological, hydrological, and socio-economic values.
History of the Place
During the ancient period, this lake is called Mahapadmasar. In 1444, Zain-ul-Abidin the Kashmiri Sultan constructed the artificial lake. The Kashmiri sultan also constructed a mosque and other buildings and gave the islet the name of Lanka.
Wular Lake is said to be a remnant of Satisar Lake, a lake of ancient times and the premises of this lake was a famous sunset point. A traditional myth says that a king named Raja Sundrasen once lived in the lake area. Because of his criminal activities, the Euler lake swallowed him and his subjects.
During the 1980s, the Central Government of India proposed to construct the Wular barrage into dam water inflow, but the project was shelved after the rise of militancy in the state. After that, it got the Ramsar tag.
The lake basin was formed due to tectonic activity and is fed by the Jhelum River and stream Madhumati.
Access to the Wetland
Wular Lake of Jammu and Kashmir is enclosed by hills and dense forest, accounting for 60% of the total fish production in the state. This lake is 40 kilometers m from Srinagar.
The nearest airport in this place is Sheikh Ul Alam International Airport. The nearest railway station, on the other hand, is Srinagar Railway Station.
Jammu and Kashmir State Road Transport Corporation (JKSRTC) and private buses are available for neighboring areas. They are the quickest and the cheapest means of transport in Srinagar. Most public transport is functional from 4 am to 8 pm.
Topography of Area
The maximum length of the Wular Lake is 16 kilometers, while its maximum width is 9.6 kilometers. The Wulkar Lake surface area is around 12 to 100 square miles. The maximum depth of the lake is 14 m (46 ft). The lake's surface elevation is 1,580 m (5,180 ft).
Geology of Area
According to the geographical coordinate system, the place is located at 34°20′N 74°36′E.
The lake sediments and source rock chemistry are comparable, implying a low to moderate weathering history of the source region, which is compatible with cold regions and steep slope areas.
Unusual enrichment of Cr in the sediments compared to source rocks signifies a process of sediment-water interaction where Cr is removed from the water and preferentially adsorbed onto the clay fraction of sediments.
Geologists believe that Kashmir Valley where the Wular Lake is located was earlier affected by earthquakes.
Hydrology of the Land
Wular Lake is one of the largest freshwater lakes in Asia. This lake is fed by the Jhelum River and a major tributary of the Indus basin. The lake's average annual inflows or outflows are nearly 7 billion cubic meters. The size of this lake varies from 12 to 100 square miles (30 to 260 square kilometers), depending on the season.
Flora Found
Wular Lake is a significant fish habitat. The main species that can be found here are Common carp (Cyprinus carpio), Rosy barb (Barbus conchonius), Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis), Nemacheilus species, Crossocheilus latius, Snowtrout species in the genera Schizopyge and Schizothorax.
Wildlife Around
The Wular Lake and its surroundings have extensive marshes, which are important natural wildlife. It maintains a rich population of birds.
Terrestrial birds observed around the lake are Black-eared kite, Eurasian sparrowhawk, Short-toed eagle, Himalayan golden eagle, Himalayan monal, Chukar partridge, Koklass pheasant, Rock dove, Common cuckoo, Alpine swift, Indian roller, Himalayan Woodpecker, Hoopoe, Barn swallow, and Golden oriole.
Islands in the Lake
Zain Lank island was suited in the middle of the Wular lake in Bandipore District.
The island was built by King Zain ul Abideen Budshah, 14th- century ruler of Kashmir. He made this island to safeguard the people from floods near the lake. Even if the water level in the Wular Lake increases, it can't enter the island area. The fencing of the island was built with massive stones.
Now the island is under State Government's control.
Economic Evaluation of the Lake's Resources
Based on a study by Wetland International, around 32,000 families, including 2,300 fisher households, live on Wular's shores and are dependent on it for livelihood.
In Dar's village, 600 fisher families live off Wular's resources. Hundreds of other local villagers are employed by cooperative societies that trade the fish catch.
In collaboration with Kerala Tourism and J&K Tourism, the Government of India Tourism jointly launched boating, water sports, and water skiing in the area.
Deterioration of the Lake Environment
To revive the region's flood basin, more than 2 million trees around Wulkar Lake were cut down.
Conservation group wetlands International conducted a study in 200 revealed that Wulkar Lake is originally covered an area of almost 218 square kilometers, but the lake shanked to 158 sq kilometers in 1911 to 87 sq km in 2007 as it was used for agriculture and willow plantations.
The Wulkar Lake water level drastically went down. This resulted in the deduction of fish stocks. Because of the heavy siltation in the lake, Wular lake is losing its erstwhile glory.
Restoration Plans
The Jammu & Kashmir government has charted out a program for the conservation of the lake.
A Forest Conservator, Irfan Rasool, who looks after the lake restoration work being carried out by the state government's Wular Conservation and Management Authority (WUCMA), said that the lake would soon be de-silted.
There are plans to remove over two million willow trees from the lake to achieve hydrological and ecological balance. According to elderly fishermen such as Subhan Dar and a study by Wetland International, willow plantation in the lake through government-sponsored schemes in the 1970s has led to fragmentation of the wetland, rapid siltation, and deterioration in water quality.
But, Shakil Romshoo of Kashmir University's Earth Sciences department firmly instructs to stop the silt at the source if Kashmir's wetlands have to be conserved. The act banned around this lake is hunting waterfowl, migratory birds, and weed infestation in the lake itself.


What is a Card Not-Present Transaction?
What is a Card Not-Present Transaction?
Watching out for fishy customers and potentially fraudulent transactions is part of every retailer's job.
Nowadays, though, this can feel like a full-time effort. And much of this is down to card-not-present (CNP) transactions.
Turning them down used to be clear and simple. Pre-internet, CNP transactions were risky for merchants because they couldn't verify a card holder's identity as easily as they can online today.
Now, CNP transactions are more secure — thanks to eCommerce, identity verification and common security practices like two-factor authentication. As a merchant, you can accept them from anywhere around the world at any time.
But let's take a few steps back here. What exactly is a CNP transaction?
And even with built-in security features from payment providers, are CNP transactions still risky?
Let's take a closer look.
In this article you'll learn:
 1. What a CNP transaction is
 2. What CNP transaction fraud is
 3. The different types of CNP fraud
 4. How to handle CNP fraud
Lightspeed POS now comes with integrated payments
Lightspeed Payments: Simple pricing, no hidden fees, and a secure checkout experience.
What is a card-not-present transaction?
First up, a simple definition. A CNP transaction is any transaction using a credit card where the cardholder is not there and cannot physically present their card for payment.
Card-not-present transaction examples:
 - Online mobile and desktop sales
 - Mail order and telephone transactions (MOTO)
"Card not-present transactions cover any type of card payment where a card payment takes place remotely," explains Libby James, co-founder of UK-based Merchant Advice Services which helps business-owners understand card payments.
"Basically, that can be any payment without the need for the customer to enter their pin, or verify with face ID, while using a credit or debit card physically or on a mobile phone."
As a merchant, you have a hard time verifying a shopper's identity alone. And you can't count on outdated fraud detection methods for most transactions since a card's EMV chip is now what powers fraud detection.
This is partly why banks charge higher processing fees for CNP transactions and they're more expensive for merchants to process.
What is a card-present transaction?
A Card Present (CP) transaction is any transaction where the customer physically interacts with a payment terminal using their card.
Card-present transaction examples:
 - Swiping a card with a magnetic strip
 - Inserting a card with an EMV chip
 - Mobile payments (Think Apple Pay, Google Pay or Samsung Pay)
 - Tap-and-go payments
Any transaction where the card numbers are manually keyed into a credit card machine does not count as a card-present transaction—even when the card is physically present. To qualify as a CP transaction, the merchant must 'capture' the card's stored electronic data.
CP transactions are considered more secure thanks to electronic security data transmitted when the card is used. And EMV cards, sometimes called 'chip and pin' cards, help keep CP transactions safe and encrypted.
But …
"Card-present transactions are supposed to be safer because a merchant should check the card for any sort of damage or match a signature on the back of the card to the signature on a receipt," says Ian. "In practice, card-present fraud is also a major problem. If you accidentally drop your credit card in the mall and someone picks it up, no store clerk will ever actually verify the user's ID."
Note: Budgeting for CNP transaction fees is difficult when processing fees are unpredictable, which is why you should always select a payment processor with one rate for all transaction types.
Lightspeed Payments charges 2.6% + $0.30 for all card-not-present transaction types with no hidden fees for Retail POS customers.
Why should merchants accept card-not-present transactions?
As a merchant, you could choose to avoid CNP transactions.
But that would mean you couldn't open an online store.
Retail eCommerce sales in the U.S. rose by more than 30% to $211.5 billion in the second quarter of 2020. That figure gives you a sense of why sticking to in-store selling can eat into retailers' sales and revenue potential.
That said, if you're very risk-averse, you could set up a "reserve online and pay in-store" order fulfillment process. But bear in mind, this will add friction to your customers' shopping experience. It's also bound to increase the probability of abandoned carts—a common pain for online sellers.
"For some merchants there is no way not to take CNP transactions," says Libby. "Lots use telephone booking systems such as interactive voice response (IVR) and for others it isn't logical for the customer to visit an office or store to complete transactions."
In 2020, it's becoming more and more difficult to run a business solely offline. "For these merchants there is no option," says Libby "CNP transactions are not to be feared as long as you have good security measures in place."
Here's an example.
Sophie is out shopping with friends when she sees a handbag she likes in your window display. Your store is closed, so she uses her smartphone to look up the handbag on your website. She finds it, adds it to her cart and checks-out.
To her surprise, the only available method of order fulfillment is to reserve the handbag and to pay and pick up in-store.
Since Sophie will be out of town and unable to pick up the handbag in-store, she holds off on finalizing her order until she gets back. But time goes by, life gets busy, and she forgets.
By refusing CNP transactions, the merchant above has added friction to Sophie's shopping experience. So they lost the sale.
Keep in mind, however, that accepting CNP transactions may put you into a "high-risk" category for card processing.
As a high risk merchant, what are my options for merchant accounts?
If you plan to offer CNP transactions, you'll still be able to obtain a merchant account. However, your rates and terms of your contract may be less desirable in comparison to your low-risk counterparts.
The good news is there are a lot of merchant service providers that specialize in high-risk merchant accounts. While many merchant service providers openly advertise their standard, low-risk merchant rates, high-risk account fees are usually less transparent because there are more variables to take into consideration.
Additionally, if you're deemed as a high-risk business, your account provider will likely require you to keep a reserve. There are three types of reserve accounts you can expect from merchant service providers, and they are:
 One last thing to note because of the high-risk nature of your business, you may also be susceptible to account freezes. During this freeze, you cannot continue to process credit or debit cards until the hold is lifted.
 - Rewrite the merchant agreement based on the assessment findings.
 - The temporary freeze will lead to a permanent termination.
What is card-not-present fraud?
Card-not-present fraud is a type of credit card scam where the customer doesn't physically present a card to the merchant during a fraudulent transaction. Card-not-present fraud typically occurs with transactions online or over the phone.
"CNP fraud happens in a number of ways," says Ian Sells, CEO of Rebate Key, an ecommerce discount platform for merchants and shoppers. "Scammers steal your information like your name, card number, address, security code and more. The hackers that get this information are sneaky, and they don't ever need to see your card to steal this information. All of your data can be stolen electronically through phishing schemes."
Since a merchant can't physically inspect a stolen card for signs of fraud (like altered account numbers or a missing hologram), card-not-present fraud is considered harder to prevent than card-present fraud.
"CNP transactions are commonly targeted with stolen or cloned credit and debit cards," says Libby. "This is something for merchants to be aware of. Adding additional levels of security will ensure these fraudulent payments are kept to a minimum."
How does card-not-present transaction fraud occur?
CNP transaction fraud happens when someone either physically steals a credit card or copies a card's information manually or with skimmers. Fraudsters then use that stolen information to purchase goods or services without the cardholder's consent. Increasingly, fraudsters make illegitimate purchases online where they can easily fake an identity.
A merchant's bank can revoke the funds received from the fraudulent transaction and return them to the cardholder's account, if a cardholder discovers their card or personal information was stolen and that unauthorized purchases were made.
Example of card-not-present fraud:
Let's revisit the Sophie example above, but this time your site accepts CNP transactions.
At checkout, Sophie selects regular shipping and pays for her order using her credit card.
A week later, you're notified of a chargeback on Sophie's order. As it turns out, someone stole Sophie's credit card to make the purchase.
Payment processors like Lightspeed help merchants mitigate risk with built-in PCI compliance and fraud monitoring, as well as advice and assistance if a dispute is filed.
Who is liable for card-not-present transaction fraud?
Fraud liability lies with the merchant for any CNP transaction until the chargeback case proves otherwise.
Because of the risk of accepting these types of payments, a processing bank will not accept liability—and this is clearly covered in terms and conditions, as Libby explains. "Some banks will hold a rolling reserve when businesses process high amounts of these transactions, this acts as a safety net in the event of charge


text:
Volume 20, Issue 1 (January 1992)
Comparison of Fine Particle Colemanite and Boron Frit in Concrete for Time-Strength Relationship
The element boron, when added to concrete, has proved effective in shielding neutron particles by absorbing the neutron and emitting a low-energy gamma ray. The various boron additives used with concrete can severely retard the set time and strength gain. An advantage to using small particle size boron is that the smaller grain size provides better boron disbursement within the concrete matrix to absorb neutrons. However, boron additives of powder consistency are usually not used due to the greater potential of forming chemical solutions that act as a retarder in the concrete.
Research has shown that the amount of boron additives in concrete can be reduced significantly if fine grain particles can be successfully incorporated into the concrete matrix. The purpose of this study is to compare strength gain characteristics of concrete mixes containing various quantities of fine grain boron additive. The boron additive colemanite, a natural mineral, is compared with two brands of manufactured aggregate, boron frit. Concrete test cylinders are molded for testing the compressive strength of the mix after 4, 7, 28, and 56 days. Tested are five different quantities of colemanite as well as five comparable amounts of boron frit for each brand of the material. The test values are compared with a control concrete specimen containing no boron additive. Results of this study can be used to optimize the cost and effectiveness of boron additives in radiation shielding concrete.


text:
Cows, camels, sheep, goats, etc being ruminants must chew their food repeatedly by regurgitating their food from their first stomach compartment and chewing their 'cud'. This then finer chewed material makes its way to the various stomach compartments to be digested.
These animals are eating plant material, the same plant material animals such as elephants, horses and hippos eat as well. However, these animals only have one stomach compartment.
- Why does one need a multi-compartment stomach and one does not if they are all eating the same/similar food?


ok responds under different load testing scenarios. The following subsections provide some examples of spike testing and soak testing using ApacheBench.
Spike testing
Spike testing requires you to send a constant number of requests to the webhook for some time and suddenly increase the load. For example, you may set up a test that sends a load of 10 queries per second (QPS) with a few spikes of 60 QPS.
You can run the following ApacheBench command to send 60 concurrent requests to your webhook:
ab -n 60 -c 60 -p ActionRequest.json -T 'application/json' _URL_
Assume the ActionRequest.json file contains the captured request payload sent to your webhook.
Soak testing
Soak testing requires you to send a constant number of requests to the webhook and observe the response. For example, you may set up a test that sends a constant load of 10-20 QPS for several minutes to see if response times increase.
You can run the following ApacheBench command to send 1200 requests, with 10 concurrent requests every second:
ab -t 120 -n 1200 -p ActionRequest.json -T 'application/json' _URL_
Assume the ActionRequest.json file contains the captured request payload sent to your webhook.
Analyzing load testing results
After running load tests, analyze the results for webhook response times. Indicators of issues in your webhook implementation are usually trends like a median response time that increases with every test run, or a worst-case response time that is unacceptable for your Action.
End-to-end testing
End-to-end testing prior to submitting your Action for approval uses the Actions console simulator. You can find steps for end-to-end testing via the Actions console simulator in the documentation for deploying an action. Performing these tests helps you remove potential uncertainties from the Actions on Google infrastructure component.


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Constructive and destructive facets of Weil descent on elliptic curves
- First Online:
- 230 Downloads
In this paper we look in detail at the curves which arise in the method of Galbraith and Smart for producing curves in the Weil restriction of an elliptic curve over a finite field of characteristic 2 of composite degree. We explain how this method can be used to construct hyperelliptic cryptosystems which could be as secure as cryptosystems based on the original elliptic curve. On the other hand, we show that the same technique may provide a way of attacking the original elliptic curve cryptosystem using recent advances in the study of the discrete logarithm problem on hyperelliptic curves.
We examine the resulting higher genus curves in some detail and propose an additional check on elliptic curve systems defined over fields of characteristic 2 so as to make them immune from the methods in this paper.
Key wordsFunction fields Divisor class group Cryptography Elliptic curves
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
- L. Adleman, J. De Marrais and M.-D. Huang. A subexponential algorithm for discrete logarithms over the rational subgroup of the Jacobians of large genus hyperelliptic curves over finite fields. In ANTS-1: Algorithmic Number Theory, L.M. Adleman and M-D. Huang, editors. LNCS 877, pp. 28–40. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- E. Artin and J. Tate. Class Field Theory. Benjamin, New York, 1967.Google Scholar
- A. Enge and P. Gaudry. A general framework for the discrete logarithm index calculus. To appear in Acta Arith.Google Scholar
- G. Frey. How to disguise an elliptic curve. Talk at Waterloo workshop on the ECDLP, 1998. _URL_ Scholar
- F. Heß. Zur Divisorenklassengruppenberechnung in globalen Funktionenkörpern. Dissertation, TU Berlin, 1999.Google Scholar
- R. Lidl and H. Niederreiter. Finite Fields. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1983.Google Scholar


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Sundyne – A High-Pressure Hydrogen Compressor Manufacturer
high-pressure hydrogen compressor manufacturer is a non-toxic and environmentally safe gas, produced in large quantities as a byproduct of many industrial processes. It's also used to produce a number of everyday products. Sundyne has a long history of helping power plants, refineries and manufacturers process the gas safely and reliably.
In order to be converted into a usable form of energy, the gas must be compressed from a high liquid state to a low pressure. For this reason, the hydrogen compression system is one of the key pieces of equipment required for a hydrogenation station.
Choosing the Right High-Pressure Hydrogen Compressor Manufacturer: Key Considerations and Insights
Currently, the most common types of mechanical hydrogen compressors are oil-based and oil-free. However, there are also a number of other compression technologies which can be used for the production and storage of hydrogen including cryogenic, adsorption, and metal hydride compressors.
When selecting the best compressor for the project, it is important to take into account both technical and economic factors. A key consideration is the amount of maintenance work that is required, as well as the life expectancy of replacement parts. The higher the operating speed, the more frequently replacement parts need to be replaced and this can increase the total cost of ownership.
Hiperbaric offers an oil-free hydrogen compressor that is specifically designed for hydrogen applications in refueling stations. It operates without piston lubrication, and this guarantees the highest level of gas purity and ensures total isolation from any other possible sources of contamination. Its compact, modular design and maximum energy efficiency make it the ideal choice for refuelling stations.


NAME Class::Handler - Create Apache-like pseudoclass event handlers SYNOPSIS use Class::Handler; handler http => 'My::Module'; handler http => 'My::OtherModule'; http->dostuff(_USER_); # Tries My::Module->dostuff, # then My::OtherModule->dostuff # if it fails or is not found nohandler http => 'My::Module'; # Remove My::Module from the # list of modules to try nohandler http; # Remove http handler entirely DESCRIPTION Overview This module can be used to create and maintain pseudoclass event handlers, which are simply special classes which inherit from multiple modules but provide no methods of their own. These handlers can be used just like normal classes, with the added benefit that they are able to decline or partially handle requests, allowing multiple classes to act on the same data through the same interface. This serves the dual purpose of acting as both a complete Perl 5 module as well as a prototype for a proposed Perl 6 feature. Adding and Using Handlers To add a handler, you simply use the handler() method which is automatically exported by this module. handler() takes two arguments, the first being the name of the handler and the second the name of a class which should be added to that handler: handler signal => 'Signal::DoStuff'; This would install a new handler called 'signal' which would have one class, 'Signal::DoStuff', in it. You can install multiple handlers at the same time: handler exception => 'My::Catch', 'Site::Failsafe'; or as multiple subsequent commands: handler exception => 'My::Catch'; handler exception => 'Site::Failsafe'; The theory behind these handlers is much like the theory behind Apache handlers. Whatever the name of the method is that is called on the pseudoclass, is the name of the method that is called on the actual classes. For example, assuming this code: handler http => 'My::HTTP'; handler http => 'LWP::UserAgent'; $FH = http->open(""); Then the following sequence of events would occur: $FH http->open undef ^ | ^ | | | | Does My::HTTP->open exist? | | YES/ \NO | | / \ | | Try it Does LWP::UserAgent->open exist? | | / \ ^ YES/ \NO | | OK/ \UNDEF / / ---------------- ------- ------ Try it | | / \ | | OK/ \UNDEF | ------------------------- --------------------- Some highlights: 1. Each class's open() method is tried in turn, since that is the name of the method called on the handler 2. If undef is returned, the next one in sequence is tried. 3. If 'OK' (simply meaning 1 or some other true value, like $FH) is returned, that is propagated out and returned by the top-level handler. 4. All classes are tried until 'OK' is returned or the last one is reached. This allows you to easily chain classes and methods together with a couple key benefits over an inline '||': 1. Each handler can partially handle the request, but still return undef, deferring to the next one in line. 2. The handlers can be reordered internally at-will without the main program having to be redone. 3. Different class open() methods can use internal rules, such as "only open.com URLs", without you having to put checks for this all over the place in the top-level program. For more details, please see the Perl 6 RFC listed below. Removing Handlers In addition to handlers being added, they need to be removed as well. This is where nohandler() comes in: nohandler http => 'My::HTTP'; # remove My::HTTP from list nohandler http; # remove http handler The first example removes 'My::HTTP' from the list of classes used by the 'http' handler. The second syntax removes the 'http' handler entirely, meaning that this call: $FO = http->open(""); will result in the familiar error: Can't locate object method "open" via package "http" Currently, there is no way to reorder handlers without removing and then re-adding them. Automatic Handler Registration and Removal Sometimes, you may find that you want a class to automatically register as a member of a given handler. To do so, you simply need to 'use Class::Handler' in your module and then prefix the package 'main::' (or whatever package you want to affect) to the start of the handler name: package Custom::Module; use Class::Handler; handler'main::stuff' => 'Custom::Module'; This will make it so that in your main script you can now do this: use Custom::Module; stuff->method(_USER_); And it will call the Custom::Module->method function as expected. However, this feature should be used with caution. It borders right on the edge of scary action-at-a-distance. REFERENCES For more details on the complete Perl 6 proposal, please visit Comments are welcome. AUTHOR Copyright (c) 2000, Nathan Wiger. All Rights Reserved. This module is free software; you may copy this under the terms of the GNU General Public License, or the Artistic License, copies of which should have accompanied your Perl kit.


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Eligible self-funded retirees may receive assistance with certain living costs via the Commonwealth Seniors Health Card (CSHC). CSHC holders have access to cheaper prescription medicines through the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme and various concessions from the Australian Government and state, territory and local Governments. The CSHC is subject to an income test but no assets test. Are you eligible for a Seniors Health Card? Read on to find out!
In this article, we describe the CSHC eligibility and Income Test requirements for selffunded retirees.
To qualify for the CSHC a person must:
- have reached pension age for Centrelink (currently 65.5 for men and women) or Department of Veterans' Affairs (DVA) Service Pension (currently 60 for veterans and 65.5 for non-veterans);
- be an Australian citizen, a holder of a permanent visa, or a Special Category Visa holder and meet other residence requirements where applicable;
- reside in Australia;
- not be receiving a Centrelink pension or benefit, a DVA Service Pension or Income Support Supplement;
- meet the requirements of an annual income test; and
- provide their tax file number.
Applicants are required to be in Australia at the time of claim, however once received, cardholders can travel outside Australia temporarily without having their CSHC cancelled providing the period of absence is 19 weeks or less. This will be particularly important for those who wish to retain grandfathering on their account-based income streams (refer to grandfathering provisions below).
In addition to benefits described above, CSHC holders may also receive the Energy Supplement, as described in the table below. The Energy Supplement is currently $14.10 per fortnight for singles or $10.60 per fortnight for each member of a couple and is received quarterly in arrears.
Table 1: Energy Supplement eligibility for CSHC holders
|If a person became eligible for CSHC
|The Energy Supplement
|from 20 March 2017
|won't be paid
|between 20 September 2016 and 19 March 2017
|stopped on 20 March 2017
|by 19 September 2016
|will continue unless there's a break in a person's eligibility for CSHC
Income Test requirements
A person will satisfy the Income Test if their adjusted taxable income (ATI) plus deemed income from account-based income streams is below the relevant income threshold as described in the table below.
Table 2: CSHC annual income thresholds applying from 20 September 2018 to 19 September 20191
|Non-retirement phase TRIS
These income limits are increased by $639.60 for each dependent child in a person's care.
Note: Where a person lost their Age Pension because of the 1 January 2017 assets test changes, they were automatically issued a non-income-tested CSHC. These CSHC holders are still required to meet the residence requirements mentioned above.
Adjusted taxable income (ATI)
Adjusted taxable income for the applicable tax year is the sum of:
- taxable income;
- reportable superannuation contributions (including salary sacrifice, personal deductible and additional employer contributions);
- total net investment losses (including net rental property losses);
- target foreign income (tax-exempt foreign income and income from sources outside Australia which tax is not paid on), and;
- employer provided fringe benefits.
To verify a person's ATI, Centrelink/DVA will generally require their tax notice of assessment (TNA) for the financial year prior to the year of claim. In situations where the person does not complete annual tax returns, Centrelink/DVA will request other documentation to verify the person's ATI.
For example, where a person only receives tax-free income from an account-based pension (ABP) and does not complete an annual tax return, Centrelink/DVA will request their latest superannuation statement to work out deemed income (see the following section on deemed income for further information).
In some instances, an estimate of their income as opposed to their TNA can be used. For example, where a person can demonstrate a change in their personal circumstances, such as retirement or ill-health, which would cause their income to be significantly different.
Further information on ATI can be found in the Guide to Social Security Law.
Deemed income on the account balance of an ABP is assessed unless grandfathering provisions apply (refer to grandfathering provisions below).
For those less than age 60, ABPs are not deemed. This is to eliminate the possibility of double counting as any taxable portion of ABPs paid to those less than age 60 is assessable and captured under the person's ATI.
Attention should be paid to spouses who turn 60 during the year as the addition of deemed income from any ABP may cause the couple's total assessable income to exceed the annual income threshold.
For example, if a spouse was aged 59, their ABP would not be deemed. However, depending on their ABPs taxable and tax-free components, there may be some assessable income that would be included in the couple's ATI calculation. Once the spouse turns age 60, income from their ABP becomes tax-free and excluded from the couple's ATI, however their ABP will be deemed.
Account-based income streams that commenced before 1 January 2015 are excluded from deeming if the person was a holder of the CSHC card immediately before 1 January 2015 and they continue to be a holder of the card continuously thereafter.
Where a person purchased an ABP before 1 January 2015 and that person was a holder of a CSHC on 31 December 2014, deemed income from their ABP will be exempt from the income test as long as:
- they continue to hold a CSHC; and
- they retain the same ABP.
ABPs retain grandfathering status on automatic reversion where the reversionary beneficiary was a CSHC holder at the time of reversion.
If changing income stream providers after 1 January 2015 the new ABP will be deemed. People who have their CSHC cancelled after 1 January 2015, for example by travelling outside Australia for more than 19 consecutive weeks, will have their ABPs deemed if they wish to reapply for the CSHC. It is important to note that once an ABP loses its grandfathering status, it cannot be re-obtained.
The grandfathering rules for the CSHC income test operate independently to the grandfathering rules for the Centrelink/DVA Income Test. This means that while an income stream may be grandfathered for Centrelink/DVA, it may not be for the CSHC and vice versa.
Deemed income for the CSHC Income Test excludes non-account based income streams.
Where a person is expected to exceed the CSHC income threshold for a particular income year, a few options that may help bring them back below the threshold include:
- investing in an insurance/investment bond as earnings are internally taxed at a maximum rate of 30% and are not included in a person's assessable income for tax purposes2;
- investing in a non-account-based non-superannuation term or lifetime annuity that has a deductible amount for tax purposes;
- setting up a family trust and distributing income to other beneficiaries;
- investing in assets that generate a lower rate of taxable income;
- deferring and/or spreading realised capital gains across multiple income years;
- rolling deemed ABPs back to the accumulation phase of superannuation;
- rolling deemed ABPs to superannuation non-account-based term or lifetime annuities.
For example, Michael is currently aged 67, single, owns his own home and is working part time earning $45,000 per annum. His other assets include an ABP with a balance of $500,000 (deemed), a holiday home worth $300,000 and $10,000 in an at-call bank account that pays no interest. He is not eligible for the Age Pension because of the Assets Test.
His total assessable income for the CSHC income test is $60,482 ($45,000 total ATI + $15,482 deemed income3) making him ineligible for the CSHC.
He could transfer his ABP back to accumulation, making him eligible for the CSHC however he should weigh the benefits of the CSHC against the 15% tax on earnings in accumulation phase and the loss of tax-free income.
Alternately, if he rolled over $200,000 from his ABP to a superannuation lifetime annuity, his total income for the CSHC income test would be $53,982 ($45,000 ATI + $8,982 deemed income4) making him eligible for the CSHC.
1The income thresholds are indexed on 20 September each year.
2Assuming that no withdrawals are made within the first 10 years.
3Based on Centrelink rates and thresholds as at 20 September 2018. $51,200 x 1.75% + ($500,000 – $51,200) x 3.25%
4Based on Centrelink rates and thresholds as at 20 September 2018. $51,200 x 1.75% + ($300,000 –$51,200) x 3.25%
Article sourced from the Accurium TechHub.
The material and contents provided in this publication are informative in nature only. It is not intended to be advice and you should not act specifically on the basis of this information alone. If expert assistance is required, professional advice should be obtained.
Should you require additional information in respect of Senior Health Cards or assistance for retirees, please contact DGL Accountants.


John Abbott
Sir John Joseph Caldwell Abbott, PC, KCMG, QC (March 12, 1821 – October 30, 1893) was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the third prime minister of Canada, in office from 1891 to 1892. He held office as the leader of the Conservative Party.
John Abbott
3rd Prime Minister of Canada
In office
June 16, 1891 – November 24, 1892
Governor GeneralLord Stanley of Preston
Preceded byJohn A. Macdonald
Succeeded byJohn Thompson
Personal details
John Joseph Caldwell Abbott
(1821-03-12)March 12, 1821
Saint-André, Lower Canada
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Resting placeMount Royal Cemetery, Montreal
Political partyConservative
(m. 1849)
ParentsJoseph Abbott
Harriet Bradford
EducationMcGill University (1847)
Military service
AllegianceProvince of Canada
Dominion of Canada
Branch/serviceCanadian Militia
Years of service1866–1874
RankLieutenant Colonel
Unit11th Argenteuil Battalion
CommandsCanada–United States border
Abbott was born in what is now Saint-André-d'Argenteuil, Quebec. He studied law at McGill University and became one of Montreal's best-known lawyers, later returning to McGill as a professor of law and earning a Doctor of Civil Law degree. He was perhaps best known for his successful defence of the perpetrators of the St. Albans Raid. Abbott involved himself in politics from a young age, signing the Montreal Annexation Manifesto in 1849 – which he later regretted – and winning election to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada in 1860. In the lead-up to Confederation he was a prominent advocate for the rights of English-speaking Quebecers.
In the 1867 federal election, Abbott was elected to the new House of Commons of Canada as a member of the Conservative Party. A telegram leaked from his office played a key part in the Pacific Scandal of 1873, which led to the downfall of John A. Macdonald's first government. Abbott was appointed to the Senate in 1887, in order to become Leader of the Government in the Senate. He became prime minister in June 1891 following Macdonald's death in office. He was the first native-born Canadian prime minister, both Macdonald and Alexander Mackenzie having been born in Scotland. Abbott was 70 years old at the time, and served only until November 1892 when he retired due to ill health. He died the following year.[1]
Early lifeEdit
Abbott was born in St. Andrews, Lower Canada (now Saint-André-d'Argenteuil, Quebec), to Harriet (née Bradford) and the Rev. Joseph Abbott (an Anglican missionary). In 1849, Abbott married Mary Martha Bethune (1823–1898), a relative of Dr. Norman Bethune, a daughter of Anglican clergyman and McGill acting president John Bethune, and a granddaughter of the Presbyterian minister John Bethune.[2][3] The couple had four sons and four daughters, many of whom died without descendants. Their eldest surviving son, William Abbott, married the daughter of Colonel John Hamilton Gray, a Father of Confederation and Premier of Prince Edward Island. The direct descendants of Abbott and Hamilton Gray include John Kimble Hamilton ("Kim") Abbott, a political commentator and lobbyist and a WWII Royal Canadian Airforce pilot in the infamous "Demon Squadron". Abbott was also the great-grandfather of Canadian actor Christopher Plummer and the first cousin (once removed) of Maude Abbott, one of Canada's earliest female medical graduates and an expert on congenital heart disease.
Abbott was a Freemason.[4]
Legal careerEdit
Abbott graduated as a Bachelor of Civil Law from McGill College (now McGill University) in Montreal in 1847,[5] while in the same year was initiated in the St. Paul's Masonic Lodge, No. 374, E.R., in Montreal.[6] In 1867, he graduated as a Doctor of Civil Law (DCL). Most of his legal practice was in corporate law; however, his most celebrated court case was the defence of at first fourteen, then upon release and recapture, four of those fourteen Confederate agents who had raided St. Albans, Vermont from Canadian soil during the American Civil War. Abbott successfully argued that the Confederates were belligerents rather than criminals and therefore should not be extradited. The episode brought Canadian-American tensions close to armed conflict. Abbott was widely viewed as the most successful lawyer in Canada for many years, as measured by professional income. He began lecturing in commercial and criminal law at McGill in 1853, and in 1855 he became a professor and dean of its Faculty of Law, where Wilfrid Laurier, a future prime minister of Canada, was among his students. He continued in this position until 1880.[5] In 1862, he was made Queen's Counsel.[5] Upon his retirement, McGill named him emeritus professor, and in 1881 appointed him to its Board of Governors.
Early involvementEdit
In 1849, he signed the Montreal Annexation Manifesto calling for Canada to join the United States, an action which he regretted later as a youthful error. He eventually joined the Loyal Orange Lodge of British North America, well known as a pro-British organization.[7] Abbott first ran for Canada's Legislative Assembly in 1857 in the Argenteuil district, northwest of Montreal.[5] Defeated, he challenged the election results on the grounds of voting list irregularities and was eventually awarded the seat in 1860. He served as solicitor general for Lower Canada (Quebec) representing the conservative administration of John Macdonald and Louis Sicotte, from 1862 until 1863.[5] He reluctantly supported Canada's confederation, fearing the reduction of the political power of Lower Canada's English-speaking minority. In 1865, he converted to a conservative.[5] His proposal to protect the electoral borders of 12 English Quebec constituencies was eventually incorporated into the British North America Act 1867.
National politicsEdit
Abbott as Mayor of Montreal.
Prime MinisterEdit
Later lifeEdit
Abbott's funeral monument in Mount Royal Cemetery.
Suffering from the early stages of cancer of the brain, Abbott's health failed in 1892 and he retired to private life, whereupon Sir John Thompson finally became Prime Minister. Abbott died less than a year later at the age of 72.
Sir John Abbott is buried in the Mount Royal Cemetery, Montreal, Quebec.[8]
Sir John Abbott's house on Sherbrooke Street, Montreal, Quebec
He was named a Person of National Historic Significance by the Government of Canada in 1938.[9]
His "most memorable" political comment is "I hate politics."[10] The full quote was "I hate politics and what are considered their appropriate measures. I hate notoriety, public meetings, public speeches, caucuses and everything that I know of which is apparently the necessary incident of politics—except doing public work to the best of my ability."[11]
In their 1999 look at the Canadian Prime Ministers through Jean Chrétien, J.L. Granatstein and Norman Hillmer included a survey of Canadian historians ranking the prime ministers. Abbott's term of service was considered below par and was ranked #17 out of 20 (up to then).[12] When the survey was repeated in 2016, Abbott was ranked 7th out of ten "short-term" Prime Ministers with a score of 1.8 out of 5.[13]
See alsoEdit
 1. ^ Miller, Carman (May 23, 2007). "Sir John Abbott". The Canadian Encyclopedia (online ed.). Historica Canada. Retrieved July 12, 2015.
 2. ^ Young, Brian J. (2003). Respectable Burial: Montreal's Mount Royal Cemetery. Montreal, Quebec: McGill-Queen's Press. ISBN 978-0-77357-098-6. Retrieved July 12, 2015.
 3. ^ Miller, Carman (1990). "Abbott, Sir John Joseph Caldwell". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. XII (1891–1900) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press. Retrieved September 21, 2015.
 4. ^ "Famous Freemasons in the course of history". Archived from the original on November 16, 2015. Retrieved September 30, 2018.
 5. ^ a b c d e f g h "Abbott, Sir John". Encyclopædia Britannica (online ed.). Retrieved September 23, 2015.
 6. ^ "Short biography of John J.C. Abbott". Archived from the original on November 1, 2001. Retrieved September 30, 2018.
 7. ^ [1]
 8. ^ "The Honourable Sir John Joseph Caldwell Abbott". Former Prime Ministers and Their Grave Sites. Parks Canada. October 3, 2017. Archived from the original on December 11, 2017.
 9. ^ Abbott, Sir John Joseph Caldwell National Historic Person. Directory of Federal Heritage Designations. Parks Canada.
 10. ^ Duffy, John (August 17, 2002


text:
DRG's Extrapolated Worldwide Coverage is the first and only evidence-based data set of epidemiological forecasts for key acute coronary syndrome patient populations covering 171 countries and more than 99% of the global population, delivered in an interactive dashboard-style download.
Use the Extrapolated Worldwide Coverage dashboard to do the following:
- View 10-year forecasts of the diagnosed 12-month prevalent cases, diagnosed events, diagnosed NSTEMI events, diagnosed STEMI events and diagnosed UA events for all 171 countries, stratified by region and World Bank income status.
- Aggregate country-level estimates into region-level estimates, according to user preference or as required by regulators for orphan drug designations.
- Visualize global correlations between disease risk or patient population size and key indicators of market opportunity such as GDP per capita and healthcare spend per capita.
- Generate and export global heat maps of disease risk or patient population size.
The Extrapolated Worldwide Coverage dashboard is available as an Excel file in the "Downloads" section. It is available for purchase by clients who subscribe to all 45 countries covered by DRG Epidemiology. For subscription and entitlement queries, please contact _EMAIL_.
- Acute Coronary Syndrome - Epidemiology - Extrapolated Worldwide Coverage
- Extrapolated Worldwide Coverage
- The Global Extrapolator Model
- The Global Extrapolation Algorithm


Explore BrainMass
Explore BrainMass
 International Management Prospective for Renmin University
 Research Project work Overview
 2. What Challenges do you foresee in terms of management and leadership due to cross-cultural differences at Renmin Universtiy?
 3.What are your recommendations to manage these challenges at Renmin University?
 4. What strategy for going global at Renmin University would work for China?
 Question for your research: What is the strategy to make Renmin University Global and make it work to China's benefit?
 5.What form of business for going global would work for China?
 Question for reseach, What form could be adopted by Renmin University?
 6. Management in China
 Question for research: What approach could be adopted by Renmin University in managing its employees?
 7. Staffing the MNC in the international Location
 Question for your research; How is staffing done in Renmin University.
 Answers should discuss economic, societal, political, and cultural factors?
 © BrainMass Inc. brainmass.com October 2, 2020, 2:50 am ad1c9bdddf
 Solution Preview
 Cultural Differences for students entering Renmin University
 Whenever a student moves from his home country to study in a different country he or she is expected to experience a cultural shock. It is due to the fact that every country has its own language, behavior, ideas and ways of thinking. In particular, the research involves different cultural aspects of Renmin University in Beijing, China.
 ? Cultural Factors: Chinese are relationship oriented. They like to think in the shades of grey rather than in white or black. In a discussion even after several hours there could be no direction. Different cultural factors can be summarized as below:
 ? Everything in China happens slowly.
 ? Everything in China is difficult.
 ? Everything in China is possible.
 ? Everything in China is negotiable.
 ? Everything in China is flexible
 ? Social Factors:
 ? Collectivism: Chinese are group focused. In the classroom of Renmin University it is expected that there are desk mates. Students from other parts of the world may rebel against being tied to another desk. Chinese would have a small number of close and lifelong friends. In contrast western world students would have a large set of friends which change over time.
 Married students are not permitted in college except in graduate schools. No married housing or dormitory is provided. Women can visit men's room but no man is allowed to visit women's. In many schools water and electricity is cut off at a certain time in the night until early morning.
 ? Social Relationships: Chinese relationships are more formal and hierarchical; they feel more comfortable in a hierarchical set up where they know their position and the custom and rules for behavior in the situation. In contrast students from United States would be more comfortable with their social equals.
 ? Language: Unlike in most other developed and developing countries Chinese communicate in their local language. This can be a barrier for effective communication for foreign students.
 ? Political Factors: In education system, political indoctrination has been incorporated in the curricula. For example, all university students must take several political inculcation classes such as "General Introduction to Mao Zedong's Thoughts." All university freshmen are also expected to participate in military training program in which they are taught different behaviors.
 ? Economic Factors: Chinese believe in saving and...
 Solution Summary
 International management prospective for Renmin University is examined. The cultural differences are determined.


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Benefits Of Ranging Sensors
Perimeter intrusion detection sensors are highly effective solutions for securing a site. When buried, they provide a covert sensor that is virtually impossible for an intruder to bypass without being detected. When fence-mounted, they turn the existing fence into a smart fence, detecting any attempt to cut, climb, or break through its fabric. Detection at the perimeter enables the security system to respond while the intruder is still outside the protected area by calling up cameras and engaging deterrence devices like security lights and sirens.
Based on the granularity of alarm information presented to the security system, fence-mounted sensors can be divided into two categories: block and ranging.
This article looks at the differences between block and ranging perimeter intrusion detection sensors, and examines the key benefits of ranging sensors, including reduced nuisance alarms, software-based zones, and simplified troubleshooting.


Montgomery County Arson Attorneys
Conroe, Texas Arson Defense Attorneys
In Texas, arson is charged as a very serious offense because fires or explosions can result in devastating property damage, serious personal injury and even death. Because of these extreme and potential consequences, the Texas government dedicates enormous resources to investigate these crimes. The State Fire Marshal is the chief investigator in charge of the investigation of arson and suspected arson in the State of Texas. By statutory authority (Texas Government Code), the State Fire Marshal commissions law enforcement officers to act as fire and arson investigators under his supervision.
Arson cases are usually very circumstantial in nature because the start of a fire is seldom seen by independent witnesses. When fires are intentionally started, the motives can be to commit insurance fraud, hate crimes, retaliation, destroy evidence or to cover up other crimes, such as homicide. According to the Texas Department of Public safety, juveniles commit about 25 percent of arson crimes. Like a moth to the flame, youthful and curious firebugs are drawn to the primal and destructive nature of fire.
Arson charges are extremely serious. Individuals convicted of arson are usually sentenced to prison and forced to pay steep fines. To have the best chance of avoiding a conviction, it is important to hire an experienced Conroe property crimes attorney.
Arson Defense Attorney in Montgomery County
If you are under investigation for arson, it is vitally important to consult a lawyer before speaking to law enforcement or arson investigators.
If have been charged with arson in Montgomery County or any of the surrounding counties in Southeast Texas, contact James G. Sullivan and Associates for a free, confidential phone consultation at _PHONE_. James (Jim) Sullivan is an experienced trial lawyer who defends clients accused of property crimes.
Arson Law in Texas
According to Texas Penal Code Sec. 28.02, a person commits arson if he or she starts a fire (regardless of whether the fire continues after ignition) or causes an explosion with intent to destroy or damage:
 1. any vegetation, fence or structure on open-space land; or
 2. any building, habitation or vehicle:
 1. while knowing that it is within the limits of an incorporated city or town;
 2. while knowing that it is insured against damage or destruction;
 3. while knowing that it is subject to a mortgage or other security interest;
 4. while knowing that it is located on property belonging to another;
 5. while knowing that it has property located within in that belongs to another; or
 6. when the person is reckless about whether the burning or explosion will endanger the life of some individual or the safety of the property of another.
In Texas, arson is usually charged as a second degree felony. If the arson caused the bodily injury or death of any person, or if the property intended to be damaged or destroyed was a habitation or place of assembly or worship, the offender can be charged with a first degree felony.
A person can also be charged with arson if he or she recklessly starts a fire or causes an explosion while manufacturing or attempting to manufacture a controlled substance and the fire or explosion damages a building, vehicle, or habitation. This type of arson is usually charged as a state jail felony, however the offender can be charged with a third degree felony if the offense resulted in the death or bodily injury to another.
Controlled Burning Defense
It is a defense to the destruction of damage of any vegetation, fence or structure on open-space land if the fire or explosion was a part of the controlled burning of open-space land.
"Controlled burning" means the burning of unwanted vegetation with the consent of the owner of the property on which the vegetation is located and in such a manner that the fire is controlled and limited to a designated area.
"Open-space land" means real property that is undeveloped for the purpose of human habitation.
Punishment for Arson in Texas
Chapter 12 of the Texas Penal Code lists the felony punishment for arson.
A conviction for a second degree felony is punishable by a prison sentence ranging from two to 20 years and a fine up to $10,000.
A conviction for a first degree felony is punishable by a prison sentence ranging from five to 99 years or life in prison and a fine up to $10,000.
A conviction for a state jail felony is punishable by a state jail sentence ranging from 180 days to two years and a fine of up to $10,000.
Definitions of Terms
Texas Penal Code Sec. 28.01 lists the definitions of arson-related terms.
"Building" means any structure or enclosure intended for use or occupation as a habitation or for some purpose of trade, manufacture, ornament, or use.
"Vehicle" includes any device in, on, or by which any person or property is or may be propelled, moved or drawn in the normal course of commerce or transportation.
James G. Sullivan and Associates | Montgomery County Arson Defense Attorneys
Conroe arson defense lawyer James Sullivan will discuss with you the seriousness of your charge and the various effective defense strategies that are best suited for your particular case. Before you make your plea in court, it is important that you consult a property crimes lawyer in Conroe, Texas. Montgomery County criminal attorney James Sullivan gets proven results.
James Sullivan graduated the Trial Lawyers College founded by Legendary lawyer Gerry. Sullivan has a proven record of defending people from all walks of life, faiths and countries in courts throughout Texas.
Contact James Sullivan & Associates for a free phone consultation at _PHONE_ about your arson charges in Harris County and throughout Texas.


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A new way to crack or bypass Windows Vista activation is by installing OEM version of Vista on your PC. However, Windows Vista OEM activation needs a new table named SLIC in ACPI module of computer BIOS, and new values in RSTD table, as part of SLP 2.0 (System-Locked Preinstallation). If your motherboard or BIOS ACPI module does not contains the SLIC table, you will need to modify or patch the BIOS to add in the table, plus set a correct OEM ID and OEM Table ID that match the corresponding OEM digital certificate. After modification, you can install Windows Vista with OEM product key and has Windows Vista activated instantly without the need to activate online, as if your Vista system is OEM version that comes preinstalled in branded computer such as HP, Dell, Lenovo, Acer and etc.
Almost all motherboard BIOS can be modified to add in the necessary value needed in SLP2.0. The following guide is based on popular Award BIOS, which is commonly used in DIY or self-build PC or system builder motherboard. For a successful Windows Vista activation, four aspects have to be present:
- OEMID and OEMTableID inside BIOS's ACPI RSDT table.
- SLP Public Key (PubKey) and SLP Marker inside BIOS's ACPI SLIC table.
- OEM product key – listed below in the instructions.
- Microsoft's signed OEM digital certificate.
The utilities or tools that you need include the following:
- CBROM 2.15 or CBROM 2.19 – A tool to add, edit or exchange the components of an Award Modular BIOS. The tool is needed to edit and exchange ACPI digital byte-code table.
- MODBIN6 2.01.01 – Used to modify the Award Modular BIOS strings or options. The tool is needed to modify Award core BIOS module, as CBROM is unable to edit the BIOS module.
- WinHEX – A popular HEX editor used to modify content in the ACPI table.
As seen above, for successful activation, a modification has to be made to RSDT table and SLIC table has to be added. Following is the step to perform to modify motherboard by using Award BIOS as an example so that Windows Vista can be activated as OEM version:
- Create a temporary folder (Vista or BIOS is you like) at root directory (C:\)
- Download CBROM 2.19, MODBIN6 2.01.01 and WinHEX with download links above, and place them in the temporary folder.
- Extract your motherboard BIOS image with name in the format of XXXXXXXX.bin (if the BIOS image name is not with.bin extension, rename it) to the temporary folder by using tool like WinFlash. The easy way is to download the corresponding BIOS file which intended for flash BIOS upgrade from motherboard manufacturers' websites.
- Run modbin6.exe by double clicking on it.
- Select the BIOS image file at the MODBIN6 menu.
- Do not close the window of MODBIN6. Now go to the File Explorer for the temporary folder, you will notice that some more files have been created. Among them, ORIGINAL.BIN is the one that needs to be modify.
- Launch WinHEX and open ORIGINAL.BIN.
- Search for the string of "RSDT" (without quotation marks). You will see ACPI tables in the BIOS. Every 4 characters represents a table in ACPI. Only table name located in this index can be recognized by BIOS and loaded into memory. So in order to load SLIC which is needed by SLP 2.0 for Windows Vista OEM activation, an unimportant table has to be replaced. In this case, you will likely have 2 following options:
- You see a long string such as "RSDT FACP DSDT APIC SSDT SRAT FACS". In this case, SRAT can be safely replaced, and won't affect ACPI functionality.
- You see a slightly shorter string such as "RSDT FACP DSDT APIC MCFG FACS". In this case, the choice of table replacement is lesser. First choice of table to be replaced in MCFG, which shouldn't cause any problem to your system. If MCFG is not available, you can try to replace APIC with SLIC, but you may need to reinstall the operating system.
- You see a very short string of "RSDT FACP DSDT FACS". In this case, you're out of luck, as all is needed for normal functionality of ACPI.
- You cannot find the "RSDT" or any of the above strings at all. This situation likely to happen in new mobo or new BIOS, may be due to change in the way BIOS lookup ACPI tables. In this case, you can try to downgrade and download older version of BIOS file to see if the ACPI is alterable. Else you're out of luck too.
Note: Improved hack to add in SLIC table into BIOS ACPI instead of replacing. Able to solve scenario 3 above.
- Replace the table name you selected (SRAT, MCFG or ACPI) with SLIC.
- Save the modify BIOS file.
- Switch to MODBIN6 window, press F2 to save or click on File, then select Save.
- Open command prompt by type Cmd in Run. Change directory or folder to the temporary folder if need to.
- Type "cbrom219 XXXXXXXX.bin /acpitbl extract" (without quotes) and press Enter.
- Press Enter again when prompted for an extract file name to use the default name of acpitbl.bin.
- Use WinHEX to open acpitbl.bin.
- Search for "RSDT" string (without quotes). The OEMID and OEMTableID is the identifier string for SLP 2.0 that has to match with the product key, and thus has to edit to match according to the OEM product key and certificate that you have.
- OEMID has 6 characters, and OEMTableID has 8 characters. Each hardware manufacturer will have their own identifier here. So if you value your desktop or laptop computer brand, you need to figure out the correct value for it. However, if you're using generic mobo, you can locate the string of "RSDT4…..XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.0BAWRD" (without quotes, your BIOS string may be different), replace with RSDT4….._ASUS_Notebook1.0BAWRD. Here, the OEMID is _ASUS_ and OEMTableID is Notebook. Any empty character should be filled with blank (0x20). This will make your motherboard and BIOS to be recognized by Vista as ASUS mobo.
- Save the file.
- Download Asus OEM acpislic.bin.
- Go back to the command prompt, type "copy acpitbl.bin /b + acpislic.bin /b acpitbl.bin /b" (without quotes) and press Enter to add the SLIC table contents to end of ACPI module. acpislic.bin is digital certificate for SLIC which contains SLP certificate public key and SLP logo. Press Enter to confirm if prompted warning of file overwrite.
- Flash the modified ACPI digital module into the BIOS by entering following command in the Command Prompt, and then press Enter:cbrom219 XXXXXXXX.BIN /acpitbl acpitbl.bin
- Flash and update your BIOS with the SLIC-included modified version. Check your motherboard guide for how to do it.a
- BIOS update is completed. Now verify that the patch on BIOS is correct and accurate by using the following steps:
- Download latest version of Everest Ultimate (currently Everest Ultimate Edition 2006 version 3.50).
- Install and then start Everest.
- Expand the Motherboard component on the left pane.
- Select ACPI.
- Check if SLIC is listed on the top right column.
- If SLIC table is listed, check if OEM ID is _ASUS_ and OEM Table ID is Notebook at the bottom left pane.
- Next select on RSDT table, check if the OEM ID and OEM Table ID in the bottom pane is exactly the same with the value you see of the same keys on SLP/SLIC table, i.e. _ASUS_ and Notebook.
- If everything is correct, BIOS modification is correct.
- Install Windows Vista with the following ASUS computer OEM product key:
Home Basic: XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-H8PHC
Home Basic: XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-RJC9V
Home Premium: XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-QXQMF
Home Premium: XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-RPFFV
Ultimate: XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-932CCYou can also change your existing Windows Vista product key by using the following command in command prompt with administrator privileges:
slmgr.vbs -ipk
- Download oemcert.xrm-ms, the Microsoft signed OEM certification for ASUS computer which has the identifier that needs to match the BIOS SLIC identifier, preferably to C:\ root.
- Open a command prompt and type the following command, then press Enter:
slmgr.vbs -ilc C:\oemcert.xrm-ms
This will install the digital certificate for OEM activation.
- Check your system properties, Windows Vista should be activated.
Here is a list of already modified to include SLIC table BIOS that you can download and flash for Windows Vista OEM instant activation.
New: Virtual BIOS simulator to bypass Windows Vista activation as OEM OS without the need to modify BIOS in real.
Warning: Alteration to BIOS may invalidate warranty,


Petition Closed
Change Immigration Laws from discriminating against individuals with Down syndrome
This petition had 3,278 supporters
We are asking to eliminate Section 38(1)(c) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, for discriminating against people with disabilities, in contravention of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and other Canadian laws and International Treaties, and for its destructive social and economic repercussions. The Montoya family case has sparked this petition.
The Montoya family came to Canada July 1st of 2012 under the Experience Class Work Visa. Felipe Montoya, the father, was hired as tenured full professor at the Faculty of Environmental Studies at York University, and Alejandra, the mother is a dance instructor. They came with two children, their daughter Tania who entered high school, and their son Nicolas (Nico), who entered primary school, both in the public school system. On applying for permanent residency, after the required medical exams, all members of the family were found to be healthy, but only Nico was required to undergo further exams, solely because of his disability, Down syndrome. Finally, after waiting three years for the response from Citizen and Immigration Canada (CIC), they received the "Fairness Letter" where Nico was deemed "Inadmissible" due to his Down syndrome (code 759), and for having a "Moderate Intellectual Disability". This disability prompted the declaration of "Inadmissible" under the Health clause, Section (38)(1)(c), of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, for the probable "excessive demand" that Nico's education could cost Canadian "social services". The Montoya family was given 60 days to respond to the Fairness Letter, with the option of signing a "Declaration of Ability and Intent," where they must prove they have the ability and intent to "not impose an excessive demand on Canadian social services." They have chosen not to sign this Declaration because they consider it is discriminatory against people with disabilities, that it contravenes the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and other laws of Canada, and because it unfairly requires them to assume the cost of public services for which they already pay taxes for in Canada. This case has sparked a public outcry, covered by the major mass media outlets of Canada, and a demand for change in public policy. The following arguments support this demand.
Considering that:
1. We all have "disabilities" to one degree or another, in some aspects or other, during some time or other of our lives, under certain conditions or circumstances. To not be able to do what others can commonly do, to be "disabled," is a fundamental aspect of life, of which we may all partake, through genetic differences, through accidents, through infirmities, through aging. It is that part of being human that pushes us forward to overcome difficulties, to allow us to flourish and to express our full potential.
2. Disability becomes a problem for the individual, when the surrounding society is not capable or willing to transform circumstances to enable that person's flourishing. The shortcomings of disability are not intrinsic, but societal. By providing the adequate supports for infants, the infirm, the disabled, and the aged, those "disabilities" stop being obstacles for these persons to reach their full potential.
3. Some societies have recognized this, and have made efforts to transform circumstances to enable every person's flourishing. Canada has proclaimed in its highest laws the principles of non-discrimination against people with disabilities, as a measure of enabling people with disabilities to reach their full potential, to achieve their highest goals: The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (15.(1) Every individual is equal before and under the law and has the right to the equal protection and equal benefit of the law without discrimination and, in particular, without discrimination based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, sex, age or mental or physical disability.); the Canadian Human Rights Act (3 (1) For all purposes of this Act, the prohibited grounds of discrimination are race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, family status, disability and conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered.); the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (Article 4(1)(b) 1. States Parties undertake to ensure and promote the full realization of all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all persons with disabilities without discrimination of any kind on the basis of disability. To this end, States Parties undertake: (b) To take all appropriate measures, including legislation, to modify or abolish existing laws, regulations, customs and practices that constitute discrimination against persons with disabilities;).
4. Societies are in constant evolution, some laws become outdated and need to be changed to conform to the evolving principles and values espoused by society and that are protected by the State. Such is the case of Section 38(1)(c) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA), where it states that: "38(1) A foreign national is inadmissible on health grounds if their health condition (c) might reasonably be expected to cause excessive demand on health or social services." The spirit, interpretation and application of this clause effectively discriminates against people with disabilities, not only contravening the aforementioned laws, but going against the spirit of inclusion and accessibility that has moved Canadian society to create and ratify these laws and treaties.
5. In the "Regulatory Definitions Related to Excessive Demand", provided by CIC in the Fairness Letter, "social services" are defined in such a way that only those services aimed at persons with "disabilities" are subject to excessive demand: "social services means any social service, such as home care, specialized residence and residential services, special education services, social and vocational rehabilitation services, personal support services and the provision of devices related to those services." This particular selection of "social services" out of the entirety of social services provided by the State (transportation, security, education, etc.), unfairly targets a certain sector of the population, for certain disabilities.
6. Section 38(1)(c) of the IRPA allows some of the ugliest stereotypes, stigmas and anti-values that linger in society to rear their perverse heads. Among them are the conceptions that people with disabilities are sick, instead of people with different sets of abilities to be potentiated; that sick people are a burden to society, instead of persons that require care to allow them to flourish; and that the value of a person is reduced to their monetary contribution to the economy, instead of recognizing that a person's worth is unfathomable and unbounded.
7. The unfortunate repercussions of Section 38(1)(c) include, not only the direct discrimination of foreign nationals with visible disabilities who apply for permanent residency in Canada, but a confirmation that persons with disabilities, including Canadians, are a burden to the State, diminishing their worth not only in the eyes of society, but in their own eyes. It perpetuates the perspective that some people are worth more, and some people are worth less, consolidating the underlying logic of racism, sexism, ableism, ageism, classism, and other aversions towards difference and the "other", that creates destructive, costly, and unnecessary rifts between peoples in society. It also represents an enormous opportunity cost to society and the State, by discarding potential talents, possible diamonds in the rough. The greatest assets of society are its people and their diversity. This treasure should not be squandered.
Therefore, we the undersigned, in favor of an Inclusive Canada, respectfully request that:
Section 38(1)(c) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act be reviewed, if not discarded, for discriminating against people with disabilities, for contravening the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and other Canadian laws and International Treaties, and for its destructive social and economic repercussions.
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text:
Read KidsOhio's new analysis, Columbus City Schools' Hispanic Population Increased over 20 Percent in Five School Years. Here's what you'll learn about Columbus City Schools' Hispanic population from this four-page brief:
- Historical enrollment by grade level
- Enrollment compared to the 15 other Franklin County school districts
- Students' poverty, limited English proficiency and mobility rates
- Students' math and reading proficiency compared to the district as a whole
- Students' graduation rate compared to other ethnic subgroups and the district as a whole
You will also learn about the top ten non-English, home languages spoken by Columbus City Schools students. In total, there are 79 languages spoken.


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Saint Lucy's Day, also called the Feast of Saint Lucy, is a christian feast day celebrated on 13 December in Advent, commemorating Saint Lucy, a 3rd-century martyr under the Diocletianic Persecution, who according to legend brought "food and aid to Christians hiding in the catacombs" using a candle-lit wreath to "light her way and leave her hands free to carry as much food as possible".
She is represented as a lady in a white dress and red sash with a crown or wreath of candles on her head.Lussinatta, the Lussi Night, was marked in Sweden December 13. Then Lussi, a female being with evil traits, like a female demon or witch, was said to ride through the air with her followers, called LussiferdaBetween Lussi Night and Yule,trolls and evil spirits, in some accounts also the spirits of the dead, were thought to be active outside
One story tells us that Lucy gifted her eyes to the Pagan man, and asked him to leave her alone.The second story tells us that during the torture, Lucy's eyes were taken out and that God had restored her eyes back.
According to the legend, she was threatened to be taken to a brothel if she did not renounce her Christian beliefs, but were unable to move her, even with a thousand men and fifty oxen pulling. Instead they stacked materials for a fire around her and set light to it, but she would not stop speaking, insisting that her death would lessen the fear of it for other Christians and bring grief to non-believers. One of the soldiers stuck a spear through her throat to stop these denouncements, but to no effect


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I have the following question:
Matrix $N$ is a diagonal matrix with all entries strictly positive (hence, $N$ is positive definite since it satisfies $x^T N x > 0$). Matrix $M$ is an asymmetric positive definite matrix with all entries non-negative.
Since $NM \neq MN$, it does not follow that the product $NM$ is positive definite. However, given the special structure of $N$, can we still show that $NM$ is positive definite? Or maybe, under certain additional conditions?
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What do you mean by positive definite for an asymmetric matrix? There are different options. – Simon Markett Sep 2 '12 at 13:40
I meant that M also satisfies $x^T M x > 0$. – User2012 Sep 2 '12 at 14:43
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1 Answer
It's not true in general: take $$ N=\begin{bmatrix}1&0\\0&1/5\end{bmatrix},\ \ \ M=\begin{bmatrix}1&1\\0&1\end{bmatrix}. $$ $M$ is positive-definite according to your definition, since $$ \begin{bmatrix}x\\ y\end{bmatrix}^TM\begin{bmatrix}x\\ y\end{bmatrix}=x^2+xy+y^2>0 $$ on nonzero vectors.
On the other hand $$ \begin{bmatrix}1\\-2\end{bmatrix}^TNM\begin{bmatrix}1\\-2\end{bmatrix}=-\frac15. $$
As for conditions, of course one can force $M$ to be trivial enough for the property to hold; but I'll be surprised if there is a meaningful condition on $M$ that guarantees that $NM$ is positive-definite.
share|improve this answer
Yes, it does look like that. Thanks for your response! – User2012 Sep 3 '12 at 19:37
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American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
- n. One who keeps watch over and directs the work of others, especially laborers.
- n. A supervisor or superintendent.
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. One who overlooks; a superintendent; a supervisor; one who has the care or superintendence of any matter.
- n. Specifically, one who oversees or superintends workmen, especially slaves; one who has charge, under the owner or manager, of the work on a plantation, or, in Australia, on a station.
- n. A reviser; a critic.
- n. An executor or an adviser to an executor, formerly sometimes named in wills.
GNU Webster's 1913
- n. One who oversees; a superintendent; a supervisor; ; specifically, one or certain public officers
- n. a person who directs and manages an organization
"And their bailiff, a serf, or some overseer from the German natives, gets the peasant under his thumb again."
"The method of the overseer is short and simple: apart from considerations of morality, conscience, and divine retribution, it seemed a short road to the accomplishment of his purpose."
"Mr. L —, who for the last two years has been his own overseer, is also active and energetic, and busy from morning till night, and while superintending the management of the estate, is indefatigable and unceasing in his pastoral duties among the people."
"One morning after breakfast, in the presence of Lincoln, who had stayed with him over night, and who was on his way to town, he called his overseer and said to him:"
"When they were fairly out of sight of the troopers, she called the overseer to the side of the coach."
"There is a word 'overseer' -- slaves have them," he said cautiously."
"Your overseer is now you — and if you haven't been able to develop that, you're gonna be fucked."
"The word "bishop" – "episkopos" in Greek, which primarily means "overseer" -- has already in the New Testament been fused together with the biblical concept of shepherd: He is the one who, from a higher vantage point, considers the whole, concerning himself with the right path and of the cohesion of the whole."
"It was now half past ten, and I headed the horses back, in the direction in which I thought the camp lay, that I might be ready to call the overseer to relieve me at eleven."
"The very stony character of the country we had been lately traversing and the singularly hard nature of the stone itself, had caused the shoes to wear out very rapidly, and there was hardly a horse in the teams that did not now require new shoes; fortunately we had brought a very large supply with us, and my overseer was a skilful and expeditious farrier."
These user-created lists contain the word 'overseer'.
Protagonists and relevant words in the Book of Creation (Source: King James Bible)
above; upper; superior; eminent
just the next words that come along
About leaders, particularly the authority-figure at the top of the tree.
One who keeps watch over and directs the work of others
Looking for tweets for overseer.


A mother picking up her child is one of the most instinctive and natural things in the world.
But have you noticed how, by and large, mums tend to carry their little ones on their LEFT hip?
Well, if you have, Mirror Online have helped uncover the answer.
As it turns out, this lateral preference isn't simply a coincidence.
But, rather, another amazing feat which our bodies perform.
Every parent knows getting babies to sleep through the night can be difficult.
According to research published in Nature Ecology & Evolution, mothers hold their offspring to the left to spur the right brain into action.
The reason for choosing the left over the right is because of one of the right brain's primary functions.
Typically in charge of emotional signs and language, when the right brain has been engaged, and with baby held to the left, mums can better read and make sense of their babies' actions, expressions and sounds.
It's technical name is 'lateralisation' and it's something we have in common with not just our ape cousins, but other mammals too.
Walruses, feral horses and reindeer have also been reported to use lateralisation with their babies. In fact, the study into it looked at a total of 11 different species.
The report explains, "The position of an infant on the mother's left side may optimise maternal monitoring by directing sensory information predominantly to the mother's right hemisphere."
For more news like this, like our What's on Facebook page and our Brummie Mummies facebook page


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Myrrh is the dried resin of the tree Commiphora myrrha. Native to Somalia and eastern Ethiopia, myrrh has a long history of traditional use in perfumes and incense. Additionally, it has perhaps an equally long history as a medicinal treatment, primarily for conditions of the mouth, such as canker sores, gum disease, halitosis, and sore throat.
What Is Myrrh Used for Today?
Modern herbalists continue to use myrrh for its traditional uses related to the mouth. In addition, it has been advocated for treatment of eczema and stomach ulcers. However, there is no meaningful scientific evidence that the herb provides any benefits when used for these or any other purposes.
When used for mouth conditions, tincture of myrrh may be applied directly to canker sores or inflamed gums. It can also be diluted in water and used as a gargle. When taken internally, a typical dose of myrrh is 1 g of resin 3 times daily.
In studies of myrrh for treatment of schistosomiasis, no significant side effects were identified. However, comprehensive safety studies have not been performed. Maximum safe doses in pregnant or nursing women, or people with severe liver of kidney disease have not been determined.
- Reviewer: EBSCO CAM Review Board
- Review Date: 07/2012 -
- Update Date: 07/25/2012 -