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C₂ - C₁ = 5 (F₂-32)/9 - 5 (F₁-32)/9 = 5 (F₂ - F₁)/9 = 5×45/9 = 25. Therefore, the number of degrees the temperature extremes differ on the Celsius sale = 25 °. That is the temperature on the Celsius scale increased by 25 °. heart outlined. describe the temperature scale degree Celsius,fahrenheit and kelvin - 26807257 The Brainly community is constantly buzzing with the excitement of endless collaboration, proving that learning is more fun — and more effective — when we put our heads together. Help the community by sharing what you know.
Java exercises: Fahrenheit to Celsius degree - w3resource
65.556 degrees celsius. heart outlined.
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Therefore, the number of degrees the temperature extremes differ on the Celsius sale = 25 °. That is the temperature on the Celsius scale increased by 25 °. heart outlined. describe the temperature scale degree Celsius,fahrenheit and kelvin - 26807257 The Brainly community is constantly buzzing with the excitement of endless collaboration, proving that learning is more fun — and more effective — when we put our heads together.
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How to write a C program to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit with an example. The formula behind the temperature conversion of Celsius to Fahrenheit in C is: Fahrenheit = (9/5) * Celsius) + 32. C program to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit. This C program to change Celsius to Fahrenheit lets the user enter the temperature value in Celsius.
Convert each temperature. - _PHONE_. Jan 14, 2016 The formula for converting a Celsius temperature to a Fahrenheit temperature is: F = C × 9⁄5 + 32 If C = 100 degrees, what is the equivalent Oct 25, 2019 Brainly and its partners employ cookies to improve your experience on our site, to analyze traffic and performance, and to serve personalized May 10, 2017 Sample response from edge nuity: To find the celsius temperature, substitute 86 for F in the formula. Then, use the order of operations to Mar 17, 2021 diallosafia24 is waiting for your help.
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Celsius, or centigrade, is used to measure temperatures in most of the world. Water freezes at 0° Celsius and boils at 100° Celsius.
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11 people helped. Mar 2, 2018 Answer: We know: 0 Celsius = 32 Fahrenheit. We can convert the Celsius to Fahrenheit using this formula: a. 35° C. = degrees Fahrenheit. b. Jul 2, 2019 Find an answer to your question Sue graphed the formula for converting temperatures from Fahrenheit to Celsius. If the temperature is 50 May 24, 2018 Click here to get an answer to your question ✍ Room temperature is about 68 degrees Fahrenheit (F).


text:
What ducks endure
When you think of a duck, most likely the image in your mind would be
of one on water. Children are told that ducks live near bodies of water
because they spend a lot of time on it. According to zoologist Juliet
Gellatley, ducks spend 80% of their time on water since they play, swim
and feed on it. So important is water for ducks that they can go blind
if they are unable to rinse their eyes with it. God crated them to be on
In spite of our knowledge about what ducks need and how they behave,
most of the 18 million ducks raised for meat in the U.K. have no access
to water for bathing and 90% of them are intensively confined.
A report by the animal protection organization Viva! states that the
industry keeps 10,000 birds to a shed with a stock density of about
eight birds per square meter (10.8 square feet). According to producers,
who have no regard for the lives of these animals, say that such access
to water would spread disease. To us, Christians, to deprive an animal
of an essential God-give need – in this case water - is to disobey God.
Although the U.K.'s Department for Environment, Food and Rural
Affairs (DEFRA) and the Council of Europe recommend that ducks have
enough water to cover their heads and splash their backs, Viva! says
this rarely occurs and cannot be enforced. The duck industry is said to
be aware of the criticism and close to finalizing a code of practice.
To read the full article please visit
Your question and comments are welcome

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


What is Outlook?
 1. Home
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 4. What is Outlook?
Answer
Outlook is the generic name given to a range of different mail clients written and supported by Microsoft Corporation. Variants include Outlook, Outlook 2000, Outlook Express, Outlook XP, etc. Further variants are
available on Apple Macs.
All variants may be used with GMS Mail. Versions of Outlook from 2002 with SP2 installed onwards are fully compatible with GMS Collaboration.
GMS Anti-Spam and GMS Anti-Virus contain substantial quantities of code to protect Outlook users from viruses and attacks via email. Further GMS may be configured to ensure that messages produced by Outlook conform to Internet Standards so that other messaging systems can process them correctly.
See Also:
Keywords:Outlook
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White-crested Coquettes
White-crested Coquettes (Lophornis adorabilis)
Hummingbird Information
The White-crested Coquettes (Lophornis adorabilis) are Central American hummingbirds.
Distribution / Range
White-crested Coquettes are native to central Costa Rica and western Panama.
They inhabit subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, as well as heavily degraded former forest - mostly from about 300 meters up to 1220 meters but may move down to lower levels.
Description
During the breeding season, the male coquette - also referred to as "Adorable Coquette" - has a white crest and long green cheek tufts. These ornate feathers may be helpful in territorial defense and potentially in attracting females. After the breeding season, the male loses his ornate decoration.
Nesting / Breeding
The breeding season takes place during the rainy season - from December to February with courtship seen as early as October. During the courtship dance, the male will fly and flutter side to side, forming short arches in front of the female.
The female is responsible for building the small lichen-covered cup-shaped nest out of green moss and line it with other soft plant fibers, and strengthen the structure with spider webbing. The nest is typically found on a low, skinny horizontal perch along the forest edge or a clearing; and is typically not well concealed.
The average clutch consists of two white eggs, which she incubates alone, while the male defends his territory and the flowers he feeds on. The young are born blind, immobile and without any down.
The female alone protects and feeds the chicks with regurgitated food (mostly partially-digested insects since nectar is an insufficient source of protein for the growing chicks). The female pushes the food down the chicks' throats with her long bill directly into their stomachs.
As is the case with other hummingbird species, the chicks are brooded only the first week or two, and left alone even on cooler nights after about 12 days - probably due to the small nest size. The chicks leave the nest when they are about 7 - 10 days old.
Diet / Feeding
White-crested Coquettesprimarily feed on nectar taken from a variety of brightly colored, scented small flowers of trees, herbs, shrubs and epiphytes - favoring Inga, Vochysia, Stachytarpheta and Lonchocarpus.
They use their long, extendible, straw-like tongues to retrieve the nectar while hovering with their tails cocked upward as they are licking at the nectar up to 13 times per second. Sometimes they may be seen hanging on the flower while feeding.
Many native and cultivated plants on whose flowers these birds feed heavily rely on them for pollination. The mostly tubular-shaped flowers actually exclude most bees and butterflies from feeding on them and, subsequently, from pollinating the plants.
They may also visit local hummingbird feeders for some sugar water, or drink out of bird baths or water fountains where they will either hover and sip water as it runs over the edge; or they will perch on the edge and drink - like all the other birds; however, they only remain still for a short moment.
They also take some small spiders and insects - important sources of protein particularly needed during the breeding season to ensure the proper development of their young. Insects are often caught in flight (hawking); snatched off leaves or branches, or are taken from spider webs. A nesting female can capture up to 2,000 insects a day.
Males establish feeding territories, where they aggressively chase away other males as well as large insects - such as bumblebees and hawk moths - that want to feed in their territory. They use aerial flights and intimidating displays to defend their territories.
Metabolism and Survival and Flight Adaptions - Amazing Facts
Species Research by Sibylle Johnson
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Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, April 19
By Huseyn Hasanov – Trend:
The Republic of Korea will help Turkmenistan with the commercialization of 5G mobile communications, Trend reports referring to a joint statement by the presidents of the two countries.
South Korean President Moon Jae-is who is on a state visit in Turkmenistan on April 16-18, held talks with his Turkmen counterpart Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov.
The parties expressed their wish that, with the Republic of Korea sharing the world's first experience in commercialization of 5G mobile communications, the parties may successfully respond to the challenges arising from the fourth industrial revolution use of the opportunity for inclusive innovation growth in the long run, the document says.
It was remarked that science, technology and information and communication technologies are the key driving force for economic and social progress, and for the development of innovations in both countries. The parties also highlighted the need for a joint response to the new technologies' on people, industry and society.
As was reported earlier, Turkmenistan's national mobile operator Altyn Asyr (TM CELL) purchased 100 base stations with its own funds for deploying mobile communications in the territory of Ahal, Balkan and Dashoguz regions of Turkmenistan.
This year, the base stations will be purchased using a credit line allocated by the Islamic Development Bank (IDB). Within the framework of the large-scale "Development of telecommunication networks of Turkmenistan" project, Altyn Asyr plans to ensure widespread introduction of this type of communication in Turkmenistan including 3G, 4G and, in the near future, 5G-speed Internet and other services.
To this end, it is planned to purchase more than 600 units of broadcasting equipment. More than 120 base stations will be set in the capital city, Ashgabat.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Docs
Documentation versions (currently viewingVaadin 8)
Vaadin 8 reached End of Life on February 21, 2022. Discover how to make your Vaadin 8 app futureproof →
Taking and Comparing Screenshots
You can take and compare screenshots with reference screenshots taken earlier. If there are differences, you can fail the test case.
Screenshot Parameters
The screenshot configuration parameters are defined with static methods in the com.vaadin.testbench.Parameters class.
screenshotErrorDirectory(default: null)
Defines the directory where screenshots for failed tests or comparisons are stored.
screenshotReferenceDirectory(default: null)
Defines the directory where the reference images for screenshot comparison are stored.
screenshotComparisonTolerance(default: 0.01)
Screen comparison is usually not done with exact pixel values, because rendering in browser often has some tiny inconsistencies. Also image compression may cause small artifacts.
screenshotComparisonCursorDetection(default: false)
Some field component get a blinking cursor when they have the focus. The cursor can cause unnecessary failures depending on whether the blink happens to make the cursor visible or invisible when taking a screenshot. This parameter enables cursor detection that tries to minimize these failures.
maxScreenshotRetries(default: 2)
Sometimes a screenshot comparison may fail because the screen rendering has not yet finished, or there is a blinking cursor that is different from the reference screenshot. For these reasons, Vaadin TestBench retries the screenshot comparison for a number of times defined with this parameter.
screenshotRetryDelay(default: 500)
Delay in milliseconds for making a screenshot retry when a comparison fails.
For example:
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
 Parameters.setScreenshotErrorDirectory(
 "screenshots/errors");
 Parameters.setScreenshotReferenceDirectory(
 "screenshots/reference");
 Parameters.setMaxScreenshotRetries(2);
 Parameters.setScreenshotComparisonTolerance(1.0);
 Parameters.setScreenshotRetryDelay(10);
 Parameters.setScreenshotComparisonCursorDetection(true);
 Parameters.setCaptureScreenshotOnFailure(true);
}
Taking Screenshots on Failure
Vaadin TestBench can take screenshots automatically when a test fails. To enable the feature, you need to include the ScreenshotOnFailureRule JUnit rule with a member variable annotated with @Rule in the test case as follows:
@Rule
public ScreenshotOnFailureRule screenshotOnFailureRule =
 new ScreenshotOnFailureRule(this, true);
Notice that you must not call quit() for the driver in the @After method, as that would close the driver before the rule takes the screenshot.
The screenshots are written to the error directory defined with the screenshotErrorDirectory parameter. You can configure it in the test case setup as follows:
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
 Parameters.setScreenshotErrorDirectory("screenshots/errors");
 ...
}
Taking Screenshots for Comparison
Vaadin TestBench allows taking screenshots of the web browser window with the compareScreen() command in the TestBenchCommands interface. The method has a number of variants.
The compareScreen([classname]#File)# takes a File object pointing to the reference image. In this case, a possible error image is written to the error directory with the same file name. You can get a file object to a reference image with the static ImageFileUtil.getReferenceScreenshotFile() helper method.
assertTrue("Screenshots differ",
 testBench(driver).compareScreen(
 ImageFileUtil.getReferenceScreenshotFile(
 "myshot.png")));
The compareScreen([classname]#String)# takes a base name of the screenshot. It is appended with browser identifier and the file extension.
assertTrue(testBench(driver).compareScreen("tooltip"));
The compareScreen([classname]#BufferedImage,String)# allows keeping the reference image in memory. An error image is written to a file with a name determined from the base name given as the second parameter.
Screenshots taken with the compareScreen() method are compared to a reference image stored in the reference image folder. If differences are found (or the reference image is missing), the comparison method returns false and stores the screenshot in the error folder. It also generates an HTML file that highlights the differing regions.
Screenshot Comparison Error Images
Screenshots with errors are written to the error folder, which is defined with the screenshotErrorDirectory parameter described in Screenshot Parameters.
For example, the error caused by a missing reference image could be written to screenshot/errors/tooltip_firefox_12.0.png. The image is shown in A screenshot taken by a test run.
tt screenshot calc
A screenshot taken by a test run
Screenshots cover the visible page area in the browser. The size of the browser is therefore relevant for screenshot comparison. The browser is normally sized with a predefined default size. You can set the size of the browser window in a couple of ways. You can set the size of the browser window with, for example, driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(1024, 768)); in the @Before method. The size includes any browser chrome, so the actual screenshot size will be smaller. To set the actual view area, you can use TestBenchCommands.resizeViewPortTo(1024, 768).
Reference Images
Reference images are expected to be found in the reference image folder, as defined with the screenshotReferenceDirectory parameter described in Screenshot Parameters. To create a reference image, just copy a screenshot from the errors/ directory to the reference/ directory.
For example:
$ cp screenshot/errors/tooltip_firefox_12.0.png screenshot/reference/
Now, when the proper reference image exists, rerunning the test outputs success:
$ java …
JUnit version 4.5
.
Time: 18.222
OK (1 test)
Masking Screenshots
You can make masked screenshot comparison with reference images that have non-opaque regions. Non-opaque pixels in the reference image, that is, ones with less than 1.0 value in the alpha channel, are ignored in the screenshot comparison.
Please see the ScreenshotITCase.java example in the TestBench Demo for an example of using masked screenshots. The example/Screenshot_Comparison_Tests.pdf document describes how to enable the example and how to create the screenshot masks in an image editor.
Visualization of Differences in Screenshots with Highlighting
Vaadin TestBench supports advanced difference visualization between a captured screenshot and the reference image. A difference report is written to a HTML file that has the same name as the failed screenshot, but with .html suffix. The reports are written to the same errors/ folder as the screenshots from the failed tests.
The differences in the images are highlighted with blue rectangles. Moving the mouse pointer over a square shows the difference area as it appears in the reference image. Clicking the image switches the entire view to the reference image and back. Text " Image for this run" is displayed in the top-left corner of the screenshot to distinguish it from the reference image.
The reference image and a highlighted error image shows a difference report with one difference between the visualized screenshot (bottom) and the reference image (top).
tt screenshot comparison 1
The reference image and a highlighted error image
Practices for Handling Screenshots
Access to the screenshot reference image directory should be arranged so that a developer who can view the results can copy the valid images to the reference directory. One possibility is to store the reference images in a version control system and check-out them to the reference/ directory.
A build system or a continuous integration system can be configured to automatically collect and store the screenshots as build artifacts.
Known Compatibility Problems
Screenshots when running Internet Explorer 9 in Compatibility Mode
:: Internet Explorer prior to version 9 adds a two-pixel border around the content area. Version 9 no longer does this and as a result screenshots taken using Internet Explorer 9 running in compatibility mode (IE7/IE8) will include the two pixel border, contrary to what the older versions of Internet Explorer do.


text:
CPN Vision and Goals
The CPN overall vision is to develop the Capital Region's capacity to more effectively attract, welcome and integrate newcomers into our community, workplaces, organizations and institutions.
The following goals have been identified:
- Raise awareness among community leaders and business managers of the need to create more welcoming and inclusive communities and workplaces in the Greater Victoria region. To help people to recognize and understand that 'inclusion' is their concern and to reach out and build pods of advocates within organizations and across sectors.
- Strengthen the collective knowledge and skill-set of partnering organizations and develop an ongoing professional learning network and learning opportunities.
- Identify and apply solutions to known barriers to inclusion. Ask leaders, employers, service and learning agents, policy/program decision makers, front-line staff and others what types of organizational and educational needs will enable them to facilitate immigrant integration. Facilitate opportunities, provide useful tools and establish new relationships.
- Create a Local Immigration Partnership (LIP). A community based initiative to coordinate and create a strategic plan for the settlement and integration of immigrants in the community.
"Greater Victoria is a community where old neighbours and newcomers alike can build trusting relationships through respectful curiosity and openness to learning about themselves and others. It is a place with transparent local governance processes and public services that dignify all members, and support their efforts to make valuable contributions in our community. – CPN Member"

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
How to Introduce a New Pet Rat
Rats make great pocket-sized pets for people of all ages. Because of their social nature, rats should be kept in pairs or groups so that they enjoy constant companionship. This is easy when buying or adopting rats from the same litter who have already bonded; however, creating friendships between new rats is not always simple. Sometimes, a rat owner needs to introduce a new rat (or multiple rats) to an existing rat or group of rats. By following a gradual, step-by-step process, rats can be introduced without significant injury. This hub focuses on the introduction of a new female rat, Gadget, to the resident female rat, Patches. Interactions between male rats may not be similar.
Please note: Not all rats, male or female, will take to another cage mate. There are some rats that simply want to live in their territory alone. If attempting a slow introduction through small steps does not improve the relationship or aggression either rat experiences, do not force it. Aggressive rats can cause serious harm to one another if they view one or the other as a threat.
How many rats do you have?
1. Quarantine the new rat
When acquiring your new pet rat, professionals suggest that your keep the newcomer in quarantine for one to two weeks before allowing it near your other rats to avoid the transfer of disease. What does this mean? Essentially, quarantine entails keeping the new rat in it's own cage in a separate room without any possible contact with your other rats. This means washing your hands after handling the new rat before tending to your older residents and not swapping out items from the newcomer's cage with anything from your other pet rat's cage(s). Illness can spread quickly through this sort of contact. If you have multiple rats, this could result in many unexpected and undesired vet bills. Some signs of illness to watch out for include:
- lack of energy
- not eating or drinking
- discharge around nose or eyes
- noisy breathing
- excess sneezing
- excess scratching
During this period of time, you can still interact with your new rat and establish a relationship, but keep an eye on the rat's health in the meanwhile. Is your newcomer's nose wet, or crusted with red discharge? Rat noses are naturally dry, and wetness can be a sign of illness. Rat's have sensitive respiratory systems and are more prone to respiratory illness than other animals. An excess of red mucus around the nose and eyes may simply be a sign of stress, especially after moving to a new environment, but can signal to illness if constantly present. Do not confuse the red mucus with blood, but keep an eye on it all the same.
Note: I did not put Gadget through the quarantine, but only because I have had my eye on her long before I purchased her at my current place of work. During this time, she had constantly been with other rats in the small animal display, and was picked on - not ill.
2. Place the cages side by side
After the quarantine period, the next step to introducing the new pet rat is placing its cage side-by-side with the resident rat cage. The cages themselves should be just far enough apart that the rats in each cage cannot reach out and touch each other (especially their tails). This allows the rats to smell and see each other and thus become accustomed to each other. Sense of smell is a big deal to rats, and is much stronger than their eyesight. Like people and other animals, rats have different personal scents; when female rats are housed together, you will often catch them "scent-marking" in different areas of the cage, especially if another rat has urinated there previously. Sometimes rats will mark you because you smell like another rat!
Did You Know?
Did you know that you can help introduce your rats by letting them run around in the other's cage? Letting each rat explore the other's smell helps it become a familiar scent, and helps them become better friends!
The rat cages should spend at least one week next to each other this way, every hour of every day. It is important that the rats become used to each other's scents so that the newcomer smells less like an impostor and more familiar. If anything, the rats in both cages should be curious about each other, sniffing and looking at each other and sometimes showing excitement. If your resident or new pet rat is instead showing aggressive behavior or hissing, proceed through the following steps with caution. The rat may have an aggression toward other rats, and may be less likely to accept another cage mate.
3. Introduce them in neutral territory
A few days after placing their cages together, you can continue by having a play date between your resident and new rats. To minimize territorial behavior on behalf of the resident rat, the first introduction should be done in neutral territory - a place where your resident rat or rats do not usually play. A common compromise is the bathtub, but can be the bed, the couch, or anywhere else that the rats do not hang around. The bathtub was the best neutral ground for us, and should (theoretically) be harder for the rats to climb out of or escape than a sofa. When having a first play date, be sure to have something soft, like a towel, along the bottom of the tub, and plenty of tempting treats in the middle for the rats to share. Rats love treats, and eating them together is a great way for them to bond.
There is a method on YouTube called The Glove Rat that works great when introducing new rats, especially when one or both rats seem jumpy, nervous or potentially aggressive toward the other. In the video below, a woman essentially follows the rats around with a gloved hand while keeping close watch on their behavior. The idea is to deflect any negative confrontation between the two rats that has the potential to ruin their relationship, such as biting and scratching. If you get the sense that the rats are going to get into a fight of aggression, you quickly place your gloved hand between them and break it up. The glove is there for your own protection, and makes the process feel less nerve-wracking.
See the Glove Rat in Action!
It is normal during play dates for the rats to exert dominance on one another in the form of pinning each other down and forcefully grooming the other, pushing the other rat away or chasing them around. During these situations, the submissive rat will let out little "eeps" that sound low, like whispers, and simply mean that they give up. All of this is normal rat behavior - dominance is a big deal in rat colonies, and even rats sharing a cage will have scuffles over dominance. You should be concerned if a rat squeaks very loudly, or "screams" in pain, or if the rats are taking their fighting to a level you don't like. Some signs of rat aggression include:
- pulling a rat's hair out
- biting and drawing blood
- swinging it's tail around
- hissing at other rats
Watch the play date closely and following your gut. If you think one of the rats is taking it too far, separate them. The first few play dates should be relatively short; fifteen minutes is enough for the first few days, and you can introduce them as many times as you prefer each day. As the days pass, the rats should know each other more and need to be separated less. If you have an aggressive rat on your hands, give them some space for a while before you try again.
Note: after a while, Patches (who has ninja-like reflexes and moves) learned that she can pounce out of the bathtub. If you can't keep your rats in the tub either, you can introduce them anywhere neither of them has played before - kitchen counters work, as well as tables. It's up to you.
4. Introduce them in familiar territory
Once you feel your new and resident rats are making progress, you can start putting them together in familiar territory - a place where the resident rat likes to play on occasion. This is different from the previous step because your resident rats will feel partially territorial about their play date location. This place can be the bed, the sofa, or anywhere your resident rat might consider their own. The interactions between the rats here may be more tense than in neutral territory, so having keen eyes and using a gloved hand are very important here. Your resident pet rat may feel the need to guard her territory, and more dominance fights may break out than expected. Be sure to watch that neither rat is injured or overly aggressive toward the other; if the behavior escalates to a violent level (or if you feel the need to separate them), end the session for a little while and give it another try later.
Tip: If play dates in the resident rat's territory aren't going well, take a step backward and have the sessions on neutral ground again. You can repeat this until you feel the rats can move up to the resident's territory again, as many times as you feel necessary. Depending on your rats and their personalities, this step can be simple or take a few tries.
Need a new rat cage?
5. House your rats in the same cage
When your new and resident rats have bonded enough to share the same cage, you can either put them in a brand new cage, or move them into one of the cages either rat has been living in during your introductory phases. It is more economical to move them into a preexisting cage, but this step involves a lot of cleaning, rearranging, and time. It is best to complete this step on a day when you plan on being home and can monitor the rats, as well as in the morning when your rats are sleepiest.


Lahr Collegiate Church (Stiftskirche)
Bei der Stiftskirche 2, 77933 Lahr
In the year 1259, Lady Heilika von Finstingen and her husband Walter von Geroldseck donated money to found a hospital together with a monastery to be built near their Lahr castle. In 1482 this monastery was converted into a secular institution and its church became the Lahr municipal parish church. It was then rebuilt in the new Gothic style and is thus one of the earliest examples of Gothic design in the whole Upper Rhine region.
Official content of Lahr
Ihre Sicherheit liegt uns am Herzen
Other striking features include the ambo next to the altar (remains of the late Gothic pulpit), a well-preserved, late-Gothic gravestone in the north aisle (that of Jakob von Brombach, a senior civil servant and church advocate who died in Lahr 1554). There is also a large Mühleisen organ inserted above the portals. This new organ was constructed in three stages between 1969 and 1997 and is based on the famous original Silbermann organ which had been destroyed by a fire in 1877. The present-day appearance of the Collegiate Church dates from extensions and renovations in the 19th century.
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text:
– Top Notes: Bergamot – Grown in Calabria, this citrus is a cross between Seville orange and lime. The zest is cold pressed to produce an essential oil with fresh, energising notes. – Heart Notes: Transparent Musk -Originally sourced from animals, musk is now used in synthetic form. Its powerful presence gives the fragrance an intoxicating yet soothing sensuality. – Base Notes: Mate – The scent gets its vitality from the leaves of this herbaceous plant, which mainly grows wild, in Brazil. There, its essential oil is extracted using volatile solvents, before the codistillation of its leaves.
Olfactory Family: Citrus Aquatic Woody


text:
The facility produced nearly 2.2 million tons of salt, breaking the previous record set in 1995. The main reasons for the record-breaking year were the continued optimization of equipment and the increased demand for industrial salt.
If the total amount of salt produced at the plant during 2004 was loaded onto lorries, the queue of vehicles would stretch for 700 kilometers.
Delfzil produces industrial salt which is mainly used in the chlorine industry. One of the main customers is the Chemical Park in Delfzijl, where it is used to make soda and chlorine. Salt is also exported to Germany, Scandinavia and the United States.
Akzo Nobel began producing salt in Delfzijl in 1959, when the production capacity was around 400,000 tons a year. Since then, the site has produced a total of around 65 million tons.
(Released: January 14, 2005)


text:
From Environmental News Network comes a press release about the discovery of a Harpy Eagle nest with chicks located in Belize, 700 miles north of the raptor's known range.
TOLEDO DISTRICT, Belize – Scientists recently discovered an active Harpy Eagle nest in the Maya Mountains of Belize. Thought to be locally extinct in Belize since 2000 and extirpated from Mexico and most of Central America north of Panama, Harpy Eagles (Harpia harpyja) are designated as "Near Threatened" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and are considered "Critically Endangered" in Belize.
This discovery by a team from the Belize Foundation for Research and Environmental Education is significant because the active nest represents the most-northerly known Harpy Eagle nest in the Americas. According to H. Lee Jones, author of The Birds of Belize, it is the first active Harpy Eagle nest recorded in Belize. Over 1100 km (~700 miles) separate these eagles from other populations.
Harpy Eagles are known as the most powerful eagle in the Americas, hunting prey as large as monkeys and sloths for food. With 7-foot wingspans and individual birds weighing up to 20 pounds, they are a formidable predator. Due to deforestation and hunting, Harpy Eagles are typically missing from most of Central America's rainforests where they once freely ranged.
Labels: endangered, raptors


Richard Dalton
The Farnese Hercules 1742
Artwork details
Richard Dalton 1715 or 20–1791
The Farnese Hercules
Date 1742
Medium Chalk on paper
Dimensions Support: 529 x 365 mm
Display caption
This drawing demonstrates the extremely fine line-work which can be achieved with red chalk. The thinness of the lines suggests that Dalton used a natural red chalk, since these tended to be harder than fabricated or synthetic red chalks. Dalton would probably have fastened a stick of red chalk into a holder and kept the point sharp with a knife. The darkest areas within the figure have been made by cross-hatching and drawing closely spaced narrow lines one on top of the other.
August 2004


text:
Fusion restaurants are the new style of popular restaurants around the world. Latin America is no exception. With a wide variety of immigrants moving to the Western Hemisphere, there exists Argentine Pizza, Dominican Mangú, and smoked salmon quesadillas (Remezcla Estaff, 2016). Although it's possible to find Western food influenced by countless cultures, Asian food has had a particularly strong effect on traditional Latin American cuisine. Asian-American fusion cuisine can be found from street food to fine dining, and despite its current popularity, has existed in the Americas for hundreds of years.
Since the Spanish conquests of Mexico and the Philippines in the 16th century, Chinese-Mexican food has been a part of Mexican culture. The Spanish brought spices and Asian cuisine from the Philippines to North America, inspiring Chinese-American fusion dishes such as Green Beans with Peanuts and Chile de Arbol (NPR Staff, 2013). The Spanish introduced fusion food to Latin America, however Asian immigrants played the largest role in mixing traditional Asian flavors with Latin American cuisine. Following the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 in the US, a large exodus of Chinese-American immigrants moved below the southern borders of the United States. A popular dish in Baja California is avocado fried rice, a traditional Chinese food with a Mexican twist (Simón, 2015).
During the mid-19th century, over 100,000 Asian laborers immigrated to the coastal Latin American nation of Peru. By 1876, nearly ten percent of the population of Lima were Chinese immigrants (Hwang). The large Chinese population had such a significant effect on Peruvian culture, that many dishes considered to be traditional Peruvian dishes are actually Chinese-Peruvian fusion dishes. Chifa, for example, a popular Peruvian cuisine includes arroz chaufa, a mix of Cantonese fried rice with Peruvian flavors. Another dish, Tallarin Saltado, is a Peruvian style Chow Mein. The term Chifa even comes from the Chinese phrase 吃饭 (chī-fàn) (La Costanera, 2015). Shortly after the Chinese began immigrating to Peru, the Japanese followed, bringing new styles of seafood preparation and cuisine. The Japanese were arguably even more influential on Peruvian style food, based on the fact that Peru's national dish, Ceviche, is a mix of fish typically found in Japanese cuisine and South American seasoning and spices (La Costanera, 2015).
Japan has had a strong impact on Brazilian culture, and especially Brazilian cuisine. An Al Jazeera report estimates that nearly sixty percent of all Japanese decedents outside of Japan live in Brazil (Kestler-D'Amours, 2017). Japanese Brazilians have had an immense influence on Brazilian food. Like in Peru, Japanese immigrants inspired a faster and more seafood-based style of cooking. Not only has Japanese culture affected the nation's food, but Brazilian beverages as well. Brazil's national drink, caipirinha, "is sometimes mixed with Japanese rice wine instead of cachaça, creating a sakerinha" (Veselinovik, 2013). Even the most famous of Japanese foods has found its way to the South American nation. Japanese Brazilians introduced sushi to the diverse variety of Brazilian cuisine. Brazilian sushi incorporates fresh fruits native to Latin America with the traditional Japanese seafood (Hardi, 2016).
Although Asian-Latin American fusion restaurants and cuisine are clearly growing in popularity, Asian influence on Latin American food has existed long before this trendy new surge in food-culture. For as long as Asian immigrants have been moving to Latin America they have been blending the flavors and ingredients from their native countries with the tastes of their new home. The rising popularity of Asian-Latin American food is a great result of globalization, and people from every background should be able to enjoy the blend of culture. However, a better understanding of how these many cultures came together will lead to a greater appreciation for the food, and the people whose contributions as immigrant communities helped to create it.
Hardi, G., Yarbrough, T., Wahbah, Y. (2016, Feb. 25). "The Japanese Influence on Brazilian Culture".
James Madison University. Retrieved from: _URL_ [Accessed Oct. 5, 2017].
Hwang, J. "Chinese in Peru in the 19th Century". Brown University Center for Digital Scholarship.
Retrieved from: _URL_ [Accessed Oct. 3, 2017].
Kestler-D'Amours, J. (2014, June 17). "Japanese Brazilians Celebrate Mixed Heritage". Al Jazeera.
Retrieved from _URL_ [Accessed Oct. 4, 2017].
La Costanera Restaurant. (2015, Mar. 11). "Chinese and Japanese Influence on Peruvian Cuisine". La
Costanera Restaurant. Retrieved from: _URL_ [Accessed Oct. 3, 2017].
NPR Staff. (2013, July 25). "When Asian and Latin Food Collide: Spicy, Tasty or Confused?". NPR.
Retrieved from: _URL_ [Accessed Oct. 2, 2017].
Remezcla Estaff. (2016). "5 Latin American Jewish Fusion Dishes you have to try". Remezcla. Retrieved
from _URL_ [Accessed Oct. 2, 2017].
Simón, Y. (2015). "8 Foods that show how Latin America and Asia have influenced each other's
cuisines". Remezcla. Retrieved from: _URL_ [Accessed Oct. 2, 2017].
Veselinovik, M. (2013, July 24). "Mixing Sushi and Samba- meet the Japanese Brazilians". CNN. Retrieved
from _URL_ [Accessed Sept. 26, 2017].


The QWhatsThis class provides a simple description of any widget, i.e. answering the question "What's This?". More
Inheritance diagram of PySide2.QtWidgets.QWhatsThis
Static functions
Detailed Description
"What's This?" help is part of an application's online help system, and provides users with information about the functionality and usage of a particular widget. "What's This?" help texts are typically longer and more detailed than tooltips, but generally provide less information than that supplied by separate help windows.
QWhatsThis provides a single window with an explanatory text that pops up when the user asks "What's This?". The default way for users to ask the question is to move the focus to the relevant widget and press Shift+F1. The help text appears immediately; it goes away as soon as the user does something else. (Note that if there is a shortcut for Shift+F1, this mechanism will not work.) Some dialogs provide a "?" button that users can click to enter "What's This?" mode; they then click the relevant widget to pop up the "What's This?" window. It is also possible to provide a a menu option or toolbar button to switch into "What's This?" mode.
To add "What's This?" text to a widget or an action, you simply call setWhatsThis() or setWhatsThis().
The text can be either rich text or plain text. If you specify a rich text formatted string, it will be rendered using the default stylesheet, making it possible to embed images in the displayed text. To be as fast as possible, the default stylesheet uses a simple method to determine whether the text can be rendered as plain text. See mightBeRichText() for details.
Act = QAction(tr("&New"), self)
Act.setStatusTip(QObject.tr("Create a new file"))
Act.setWhatsThis(QObject.tr("Click self option to create a new file."))
An alternative way to enter "What's This?" mode is to call createAction(), and add the returned QAction to either a menu or a tool bar. By invoking this context help action (in the picture below, the button with the arrow and question mark icon) the user switches into "What's This?" mode. If they now click on a widget the appropriate help text is shown. The mode is left when help is given or when the user presses Esc.
You can enter "What's This?" mode programmatically with enterWhatsThisMode(), check the mode with inWhatsThisMode(), and return to normal mode with leaveWhatsThisMode().
If you want to control the "What's This?" behavior of a widget manually see WA_CustomWhatsThis.
It is also possible to show different help texts for different regions of a widget, by using a QHelpEvent of type WhatsThis. Intercept the help event in your widget's event() function and call showText() with the text you want to display for the position specified in pos(). If the text is rich text and the user clicks on a link, the widget also receives a QWhatsThisClickedEvent with the link's reference as href(). If a QWhatsThisClickedEvent is handled (i.e. event() returns true), the help window remains visible. Call hideText() to hide it explicitly.
See also
static PySide2.QtWidgets.QWhatsThis.createAction([parent=None])
Return type
Returns a ready-made QAction, used to invoke "What's This?" context help, with the given parent.
The returned QAction provides a convenient way to let users enter "What's This?" mode.
static PySide2.QtWidgets.QWhatsThis.enterWhatsThisMode()
This function switches the user interface into "What's This?" mode. The user interface can be switched back into normal mode by the user (e.g. by them clicking or pressing Esc), or programmatically by calling leaveWhatsThisMode().
When entering "What's This?" mode, a QEvent of type Qt::EnterWhatsThisMode is sent to all toplevel widgets.
static PySide2.QtWidgets.QWhatsThis.hideText()
If a "What's This?" window is showing, this destroys it.
See also
static PySide2.QtWidgets.QWhatsThis.inWhatsThisMode()
Return type
Returns true if the user interface is in "What's This?" mode; otherwise returns false.
static PySide2.QtWidgets.QWhatsThis.leaveWhatsThisMode()
If the user interface is in "What's This?" mode, this function switches back to normal mode; otherwise it does nothing.
When leaving "What's This?" mode, a QEvent of type Qt::LeaveWhatsThisMode is sent to all toplevel widgets.
static PySide2.QtWidgets.QWhatsThis.showText(pos, text[, w=None])
 - posQPoint
 - text – unicode
 - wQWidget
Shows text as a "What's This?" window, at global position pos. The optional widget argument, w, is used to determine the appropriate screen on multi-head systems.
See also


M \rightarrow M'' \rightarrow 0} an exact sequence of f.g. {A}-modules, then {0 \rightarrow \hat{M'} \rightarrow \hat{M} \rightarrow \hat{M''} \rightarrow 0} is exact.
 First of all, I claim that {\hat{M'} = \varprojlim M'/ M' \cap I^n M}. This follows from the Artin-Rees lemma: the projective limit is the completion of {M'} with respect to the topology from the filtration {M' \cap I^n M}. But Artin-Rees implies this is the same topology as that induced by the {I}-adic filtration {I^n M'}. Since completion only depends on the topology, the claim follows.
This is one reason I like to think in terms of topologies and not merely algebraically via inverse limits, though some books don't seem to indicate this (in my opinion, cleaner) proof.
Now by the claim, for each {n} we have an exact sequence
\displaystyle 0 \rightarrow M'/M' \cap I^n M \rightarrow M/I^n M \rightarrow M''/I^n M'' \rightarrow 0.
When we take the inverse limit of these sequences, we get the sequence of completions. The result follows from the two general lemmas:
Lemma 4
If {0 \rightarrow A'_n \rightarrow A_n \rightarrow A''_n \rightarrow 0, \ n \in \mathbb{N}} is an inverse system of exact sequences, then

\displaystyle 0 \rightarrow \varprojlim A'_n \rightarrow \varprojlim A_n \rightarrow \varprojlim A''_n
is exact.

The proof is perhaps best thought of as a general phenomenon involving adjoint functors, but there is a quick (if less enlightening) direct proof too:
Injectivity on the left can be checked directly from the definition of {\varprojlim} as a subset of some direct product. Similarly, if {(a_n) \in \varprojlim A_n} has each {a_n \rightarrow 0} in {A''_n}, then in fact each {a_n \in A'_n} and satisfies appropriate compatibility conditions, so it follows that {(a_n)} comes from some element in {\varprojlim A'_n}.
Right-exactness is not true generally, though in some special cases it is:
Lemma 5
If {0 \rightarrow A'_n \rightarrow A_n \rightarrow A''_n \rightarrow 0, \ n \in \mathbb{M}} is an inverse system of exact sequences with the maps {A'_n \rightarrow A'_m} for {n \geq m} surjective, then

\displaystyle 0 \rightarrow \varprojlim A'_n \rightarrow \varprojlim A_n \rightarrow \varprojlim A''_n \rightarrow 0
is exact.

We need only to show that if we are given {(a''_n) \in \varprojlim A''_n \subset \prod A''_n}, we can lift this to some {(a_n) \in \varprojlim A_n}. For a preliminary approximation, choose for each {n} some {b_n \in A_n} with {b_n \rightarrow a''_n}; however {b_n} needn't satisfy the compatibility conditions for the inverse limit.
Define the {a_n} from the {b_n} inductively as follows. Set {a_0 = b_0}. Assume {a_1, \dots,a_{n-1}} are defined, satisfy the compatibility conditions, and map to {a''_1, \dots, a''_{n-1}}. Then if {f^n_{n-1}: A_n \rightarrow A_{n-1}} is the map defining the inverse system, we have {f^n_{n-1}(b_n) - a_{n-1}} maps to zero in {A''_{n-1}} (draw a commutative diagram). So {f^n_{n-1}(b_n) - a_{n-1} \in A'_{n-1}}. Now by surjectivity, choose {a' \in A'_{n}} with
\displaystyle f^n_{n-1}(b_n) + f^n_{n-1}(a') = a_{n-1} \ \ \ \ \ (2)
and set {a_n := b_n + a'}. Since {a' \in A'_{n}}, {a_n} still maps to {a''_n} in {A''_n}, and (2) implies the compatibility condition holds. Now continue the induction.
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1. The finite presentation trick and completions « Delta Epsilons - August 27, 2009
[…] of finitely generated free -modules. Let be completion and be tensoring with . We know from the previous post that is right-exact (even exact) while so is by the general tensor product properties. As I […]
2. Completions of fields « Delta Epsilons - September 1, 2009
[…] claim that is the completion of with respect to the -adic topology. This follows because consists of equivalence classes of […]
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text:
Chocolates are enjoyed and loved by humans as it can relieve stress, take away emotions and pain, and reduce despair. However, this sweet treat can also be enjoyed by your computer software. Wonderin' how? Through a windows package manager known as Chocolatey.
In the technological field, chocolates are being used to power a factory. More so, it can also be used for Windows 10 to download and install various apps. It can also remove or even upgrade different software from numerous sources over the web. All these can be possible without leaving the computer screen. But, before going deeper, let us first be clear with what a package manager is all about.
Windows 10 Package Managers
Package managers allow someone to download a certain app to a computer or mobile device. Moreover, package managers also permit the following actions:
- Download and at the same time install software without navigating to various web sources.
- Check if packages are not tampered to prevent malware from attacks of MITM.
- Install many packages simultaneously.
- Delete and upgrade packages.
- Look for more packages.
Package Manager Chocolatey Basic Information and Installation
Installing Chocolatey follows numerous processes. But, the focus for now is the installation by default. Basically, in a folder C:ProgramData which is a secret folder in windows that needs permission from Windows Administrator, Chocolatey may do a self installation.
In case, there is no Windows Administrator function connected to the account of the computer, Chocolatey should be commanded to install to another location. Simply detail the $Env:ChocolateyInstall variable. The common location for installation of lots of packages are in the C:\ProgramFiles or C:\ProgramFiles (x86).
Copying files to C:\ProgramFiles folder, users need to have Administrator privileges.
Step-by-step Process to Install Chocolatey
- Access the Start Menu
- Type in the Start Menu bar the text 'Powershell'.
- Open and run Powershell as Administrator.
- Click Yes at the notification window.
- Learn ways on pasting text into the Powershell.
- Establish the execution program.
- Download and run the Chocolatey package manager.
- Check and confirm Chocolatey.
However, in case there are errors experienced while using Windows 10, look for Melt Comics for troubleshooting and error fixing.


Hanin 5 Tutorial
Hanin 5.0 is available online via the Traditional Chinese OS 8.6 update from Apple. It can be extracted from the update, but you can download it directly here: Hanin5.sit [1.8 MB download]
 1. Drop the items "Hanin v5.0" and "HaninSetup v5.0" onto the closed system folder, and they will be put into the correct places automatically. [Hanin v5.0 to the System/Extensions folder; HaninSetup v5.0 to the System/Control Panels folder.]
 2. Create a folder named "Hanin5" in your System Folder, then create a folder named "Expert" inside that one, and add your dictionaries according to the illustration below:
 Dictionary files
 3. Restart your Mac and you will see Hanyin 5.0 listed in the Keyboard menu.
Hanin Setup
Main panel
 1. Help panel
 2. Expert Dictionaries panel
 3. Personal User Dictionary panel
 4. Abbreviations panel
 5. Four input modes. When you click on any of these, the lower part of the window displays information about them:
 - The first two choices are different Zhuyin keyboard layouts:
 - "Zhuyin" is the standard Zhuyin layout, the equivalent of alphabetical order (top to bottom, right to left).
 - "Yitian" (ETen) is another common Zhuyin layout in Taiwan.
 - The next two choices allow you to set the display of the Pronunciation search mode in the Character Selection window:
 - "Diershi" displays in a Romanization of Zhuyin called "Guoyu zhuyin fuhao diershi" (Mandarin Phonetic Symbols standard no. 2, or MPS-2).
 - "Luoma" (Roman) is standard Hanyu Pinyin display. No matter which of these you select, you can input in either Pinyin, MPS-2, or the Yale system (use bo, po, mo, fo instead of bwo, pwo, mwo, fwo). For a list of correspondences between Zhuyin, Pinyin, MPS-2, Yale, and more, see: _URL_
 6. Two display modes, Zhuyin symbols and Roman letters. The two Romanized input modes allow both Zhuyin and Roman display (for example, you can use "... Standard No. 2" to input the Zhuyin symbols), but the two Zhuyin modes can only be displayed in Zhuyin.
 7. When you first open it, this part of the window displays patent information, as shown above. When you select an input mode, this area displays information about the keyboard layout or romanization system chosen.
Note: In the example shown above, the input mode and display mode controls are set for standard Pinyin input.
Help Panel
Help panel
 1. Arrow keys: move cursor in selection window or in typed text
 2. Tab: convert phrase to abbreviated form
 3. Enter: add the selected phrase to the user phrase dictionarySpace: bring up the character selector
 4. Escape: cancel changes
 5. Return: input into the text
 6. Tilde: punctuation/symbols (press space afterwards to select)
 7. Delete: delete last character or tone
Expert Dictionaries Panel
This panel allows you to specify which expert dictionaries are used, and the order in which they are searched.
Expert dictionaries panel
 1. Add selected dictionary
 2. Remove selected dictionary
 3. Remove all dictionaries
 4. Move selected dictionary (in right-side list) up in search order
 5. Move selected dictionary (in right-side list) down in search order
 6. Save changes
 7. Done (return to Hanin Setup 5.0 preferences main panel)
 8. List of available dictionaries
 9. Ordered list of dictionaries that are searched
Personal User Dictionary Panel
This panel allows you to remove custom phrases from the Personal User Dictionary, indexed by Zhuyin pronunciation. To learn how to add to the dictionary, see Using Custom Phrases (below).
Personal dictionary panel
 1. List of custom phrases in dictionary
 2. Index (double-click to jump to phrase)
 3. Delete selected phrase
 4. Save changes
 5. Find (phrases for selection in index)
 6. Done
Abbreviations Panel
To learn how to input abbreviations, see Using Abbreviations (below).
Abbreviations panel
 1. List of abbreviations
 2. Base text box (must be at least 2 characters)
 3. Search abbreviation list for base text
 4. Long form text box
 5. Short form text box
 6. Delete abbreviation
 7. Add abbreviation
 8. Save changes
 9. Done (return to Hanin Setup 5.0 preferences main panel)
Getting Started
Pencil Menu
Pencil menu
 1. For normal text entry
 2. For typing in names or addresses
 3. Opens the Hanin Setup 5.0 preferences main panel
Text Input
To type tone numbers for the romanizations, use the number keys 1–5 on the keyboard. Note that v = ü, and Hanin does not adhere to the standard practice of dropping the diaeresis from ü in all cases except nü, nüe, lü, lüe. Jü, jüe, and qü, qüe are retained as well.
Typing without tone numbers does not work (only the first-tone choices are listed). Use the "Pronunciation" search mode (see below) for lists of the other three tones.
Try typing an expression. In the example below, I am typing fei1ji1 (airplane). Notice how the fei1 character is initially inappropriate, but the correct character is automatically selected as soon as the tone for ji1 is typed:
Demo 1
If Hanin makes a transformation that is undesired, you can press escape [esc] to undo the transformation:
Demo 2
Automatic character selection only works for words and phrases that are entered in a single input session. Once you press [return], the characters are sent to the application, and Hanin is no longer aware of them.
You can also select characters manually by pressing space after typing in a character. This will bring up the Character Selection window:
Character Selection Window
Demo 3
This window is powerful, but easy to learn to use. It has two elements, the Button Bar across the top of the window and the Character List below it.
Using the Button Bar
The two magnifying glass buttons represent two search modes, each of which works differently in concert with the the up/down arrow buttons:
 - The left-side magnifying glass on the left is the default search mode. The up/down arrow buttons allow you to navigate to the previous/next page of the character list, and the numbers to the right of the up/down arrow buttons indicate the current page number in the character list table and the total number of pages. In the above example, we are on page 1 of 1. If you resize the window, the total number of pages can change, within limits. The maximum size is 5 rows and 10 columns per page, the minimum is 1 row and 6 columns per page. In the above example, the window is sized to display 1 row and 7 columns.
 - The right-side magnifying glass (with a little blue "p") is for single-character searches based on pronunciation. In this mode, the up/down arrow buttons allow you to navigate from one pronunciation to the next. The alternatives are determined by tone and Zhuyin spelling order even when you are working in Pinyin.
For example, when you type in ji or ji1 in the default search mode, the character list for first-tone ji appears. Not finding the character you want, click on the right-side magnifying glass, and eight pages of alternative Pinyin pronunciations are made available (ü=v): jü1, qi1, qü1, ji2 (two pages), ji3, ji4 (two pages). Thus you are presented with same-tone pronunciations phonetically similar to ji1 (jü1, qi1, qü1), and then phonetic matches with different tones (ji2, ji3, ji4). The current page's pronunciation is displayed to the right of the magnifying glass buttons, as seen in the example below:
Navigating the Character List
Character list
 - Press the escape key [esc] to leave the selector and leave the character unchanged.
 - Press [return] to select the character that is currently highlighted.
 - Use the arrow keys on the keyboard to move through the list and find the character you want. Press [return] to input it.
 - If you see the character you want, type the letter for its row (if necessary) and the number for its column. This automatically inputs the character.
 - Use the mouse to select the character you want. Press [return] or double-click to input it.
Punctuation and


Sign up ×
I'm writing a code for a deck of cards which shuffles the deck of cards. I tested the code but I don't really know if it's actually doing what it's supposed to be doing correctly? What do you think?
This is the code for the shuffle method:
public void shuffle()
 for( int x = myDeck.size(); x > 0 ; x--)
 Random rn = new Random();
 int index1 = rn.nextInt(52);
 Card c = myDeck.remove(index1);
My output seems shuffled in its numbers but not by the name of the card like spades hearts etc,
For example this is my output when I test the code :
Deuce of spades
Seven of spades
Eight of spades
Ace of spades
Three of hearts
Five of hearts
Six of hearts
Seven of hearts
Nine of hearts
Ten of hearts
Queen of hearts
King of hearts
Ace of hearts
Seven of diamonds
Eight of diamonds
Jack of diamonds
King of diamonds
Three of clubs
Seven of clubs
Nine of clubs
Jack of clubs
Queen of clubs
King of clubs
Ace of clubs
Queen of spades
Deuce of clubs
Three of spades
Nine of diamonds
Four of spades
Four of clubs
Deuce of hearts
Jack of spades
Ten of clubs
Six of diamonds
Jack of hearts
Six of clubs
Four of diamonds
Five of diamonds
Ace of diamonds
Four of hearts
Nine of spades
Ten of spades
Five of spades
Three of diamonds
Six of spades
Five of clubs
Deuce of diamonds
Eight of hearts
King of spades
Ten of diamonds
Eight of clubs
Queen of diamonds
Like there's always repeated names. is it wrong since the point of shuffling is to mix it up?
This is the actual question: When playing cards, it is, of course, important to shuffle the deck, that is, to arrange things so that the cards will be dealt in a random order. There are several ways to achieve this. One strategy involves repeatedly picking a card at random out of the deck and moving it to the end. The following code uses the Random class (which you met on page 8 of the "ArrayLists" section of the online course) to perform one such "pick and move to the end" operation:
Random rn = new Random();
int index1 = rn.nextInt( 52 );
Card c = myDeck.remove( index1 );
myDeck.add( c );
To shuffle the deck effectively, this operation should be repeated many times (say, 500 times). Create a new instance method, shuffle, for the Deck class that uses a single Random object and a for loop to shuffle myDeck. After suitably modifying the main method, use it to test your new code.
So my main question is: am I doing this wrong?
share|improve this question
Can you utilize the Collections.shuffle method with the Cards in your Deck? -… – Dan W Aug 6 '12 at 21:04
One violation is "uses a single Random object". You are using one per iteration of your loop. – jeff Aug 6 '12 at 21:04
I've added the homework tag based on the "actual question". – pb2q Aug 6 '12 at 21:04
If you have to use the method specified, the blurb you posted with it says you have to call that method 500 times or so to actually shuffle your deck. Are you actually shuffling that many times, or are you simply calling it once? – Sean Cogan Aug 6 '12 at 21:04
the point of the exercise is to be able to do what.shuffle does using Random I think – Panthy Aug 6 '12 at 21:05
4 Answers 4
up vote 16 down vote accepted
Just change rn.nextInt(52); to rn.nextInt(x) and you have a proper Fisher-Yates shuffle. No need to do more than 52 iterations.
Why this works:
 - In the first iteration (when x is 52) you'll select a random card from the full deck and move it last.
 - In the second iteration (when x is 51) you'll select a random card from the remaining cards and move it last.
 ...and so on.
 - After 52 iterations, the first card selected, will have ended up in the first index. Since this card was selected randomly from the full deck, each card is equally probable.
 - Same applies for second index, third index,...
 - It follows that each possible permutation of the deck is equally probable.
(In production code, just use Collections.shuffle in these situations.)
share|improve this answer
To give a little more, the problem most likely is that you're reinitializing your random number generator each time, which is not how they're usually meant to be used. Declare it once, and the numbers you pull in each iteration will be more random. – Carl Aug 6 '12 at 21:06
Correct me if I'm wrong, but wouldn't this change make it a Knuth Shuffle? – Dennis Meng Aug 6 '12 at 21:06
_USER_, that shouldn't matter technically speaking. – aioobe Aug 6 '12 at 21:07
_USER_ It seems the whole point of this assignement is not to use Collections#shuffle! – assylias Aug 6 '12 at 21:07
_USER_ Your loop needs to run more than 52 times: for (int x = 0; x < 500; x++) would work better and is what you are being asked. – assylias Aug 6 '12 at 21:17
The best way to do this would be to use the built in Collections.shuffle() method, which will shuffle your ArrayList for you in a random way (or near enough to random.)
The problem with your logic at the moment is that it's picking out a random card from the deck, and putting it on the end - and doing that 52 times. Now you've got a good change that you'll end up doing this to a number of cards multiple times, and some none at all - hence the problem you're getting with lots of cards that appear to have not been randomised.
You seem to have the logic that you need to do this operation for the number of cards in the deck, which is flawed; you need to perform it many more times.
You've got two main logical solutions, you could firstly do this many more times - say 10 times more than you're doing at present, or you could re-engineer your code to use a built in (or more effective) shuffling algorithm.
share|improve this answer
Doing 520 iterations would A) not be very efficient B) not yield a result where all permutations are equally probable. – aioobe Aug 6 '12 at 21:50
_USER_ I agree it's not ideal, hence my mention of Collections.shuffle() - but if the OP has to use that method, then using more iterations will be better than not. – berry120 Aug 6 '12 at 22:58
Not really. 52 iterations is enough. See my answer. – aioobe Aug 7 '12 at 8:35
The question gives a hint:
Whereas your loop only runs 52 times (myDeck.size()). So you remove a card and replace it randomly 52 times only. That does not seem to be enough.
ps: it is more usual to write for(int i = 0; i < max; i++) than for (int i = max; i >0 i--).
share|improve this answer
I agree, 52 times is definitely not enough. 1+ – Hovercraft Full Of Eels Aug 6 '12 at 21:06
52 times is enough if you do it right. (Have a look at the Fisher-Yates algorithm for instance.) If you do it wrong, it doesn't really matter how many iterations you do, you'll always have a bias towards certain permutations. – aioobe Aug 6 '12 at 21:44
_USER_ I don't think I agree - It would be enough if the cards were removed from the deck and added to a new deck - but since they are put back into the deck (as proposed in the assignement), the fact that the random function is (roughly) uniform is not enough as one card can be shuffled more than once. – assylias Aug 6 '12 at 21:54
_USER_ Your latest edit adresses that issue. – assylias Aug 6 '12 at 22:08
Simplified my answer though... – aioobe Aug 6 '12 at 22:14
Change the loop to:
 ArrayList myDeck = new ArrayList();
 for(int i=0; i< 52; i++){
 Random rn = new Random();
 for( int x = 52;!myDeck.isEmpty() ; x--) {
 int index1 = rn.nextInt(myDeck.size());
 //Card c = (Card)myDeck.remove(index1); -> this comment here should be removed
 System.out.print(index1 + ", ");
This way you won't repeatedly select the same card, plus you'll always pick a number (cell) < myDeck.size() which is constantly changing when


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The OCEANetwork Board of Directors and its advisors is comprised of an all-volunteer group of homeschool parents with a common mission: to support, encourage, and equip homeschoolers in Oregon so that they can educate with excellence and train their children up in the nurture and admonition of the Lord.
YOU are OCEANetwork. It is our privilege to serve you.
OCEANetwork Board of Directors
Ken and Shelli Wanvig
Chairman of the Board, Exhibit Hall Coordinators, Bookkeeper, and E-mail Correspondent
Ken and Shelli had the privilege of homeschooling their four children all the way through the school years. While it began as an affordable education choice, they realized that homeschooling could be so much more than just doing school at home. It was an opportunity to point their children to the God of the universe in every subject and to build a closer relationship with them during the time spent together. By God's amazing grace, Ken and Shelli are now seeing the fruit of their labor and they remain passionate about encouraging younger families through the parenting and homeschooling journey. They have been serving on the board of OCEANetwork since 2004.
Jim and Heather Church
Board Secretary, Conference Speaker Coordinators, and Phone Message Respondent
Learning alongside their three sons and one daughter, Jim and Heather have been homeschooling since 1998. Their sons are all homeschool high school graduates, and the pilgrimage continues with their daughter. They are grateful for the Oregon homeschool community, and have been blessed by the ministry of OCEANetwork during their home education adventure. Serving with OCEAN gives them the opportunity to support a cause they consider of utmost importance: discipleship of the next generation for the glory of Jesus Christ.
Dennis and Jan Washburn
Dennis and Jan are blessed with six children they are educating at home with a biblical worldview and a desire to live joyfully for Christ. Because the Lord's timing is always perfect, and because OCEANetwork was there to encourage them, they began this journey of home educating their oldest child in 2004. They have a heart to cheer on young families to consider the many blessings of trusting the Lord through home education and biblical discipleship. Dennis and Jan have been married for over 20 years and live near Corvallis, Oregon. Dennis is in business development with a software company. Jan manages an active home with children ranging in age from pre-school to college. Together, they regularly experience the joys and trials of everyday life as they follow the Lord in raising and educating their family.
Additional Key Roles
Aaron and Tauna Meyer
Conference Emcee and Digital Communications Manager
Aaron and Tauna Meyer began homeschooling due to the encouragement of dear friends and the support of OCEANetwork. They have a passion for educating their 6 children for the glory of God and encouraging other families to do the same. Tauna is the Digital Communications Manager for OCEANetwork. Aaron helps as Emcee at the annual Oregon Christian Home Education Conference.
Peter and Joyce Padilla
In Loving Memory of Peter Padilla
We are so thankful to Joyce who continues to devote much time and energy to blessing OCEANetwork and homeschooling families in Oregon with her helps and support!
Having a heart to serve homeschoolers, the Padillas became actively involved in the home education movement around the early 1980s, when their eldest son was just an infant. By 1990 they had joined the leadership team of their local homeschool support group, Polk Christian Home Educators. They continued to serve locally for the following decade. In the fall of 1994, along with their four young sons, the Padillas began serving on the newly formed board of OCEANetwork. In 2006, just as they should have been nearing the end of their formal homeschooling days, they adopted three young boys and their homeschooling journey continued. Peter Padilla went to be with the Lord in August, 2017. He will be sorely missed, but we rejoice that he is with his Savior. His wife, Joyce, continues to be a great help and encouragement to OCEANetwork and homeschooling families for the glory of God.
Rodger and Karen have four children, all graduated as homeschool students. They are life-long Portlanders. Over the years they have recognized the need to be vigilant and watchful in Salem as well as in local politics. Rodger shares in the OCEANetwork lobbying efforts in Salem.
Dick and Dorothy Karman
Founders of OCEANetwork, Advisors to the Board, Publications
Dick and Dorothy started homeschooling their two children in 1983. They enjoyed the many benefits of home educating – especially the spiritual encouragement that God provided. They founded OCEANetwork to share that support and spiritual encouragement with other families, serving home educators in Oregon since 1984. They also were founding members of the National Alliance of Christian Home Education Leadership (beginninghomeschooling.com). Best of all, they are grandparents of four homeschooled grandchildren (so far).


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2013 Celestial Ball
The annual Celestial Ball is an elegant gala and a highlight of the autumn season. Guests will enjoy fine cuisine, dancing and an auction with proceeds directed to the museum's effective science education programs.
The Adler Planetarium — America's First Planetarium — was founded in 1930 by Chicago business leader Max Adler. The museum is home to three full-size theaters, extensive space science exhibitions, and one of the world's most important antique astronomical instrument collections on display. The Adler is a recognized leader in science education, with a focus on inspiring young people, particularly women and minorities, to pursue careers in science.


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I set out to find a simple answer to a simple question: Why is there no meat in mincemeat? It was going to be a tidy tale of how a misnomer was born. Look up a few Web sites, collect a few facts, wrap them in a nice story, and on to the next project. As so often happens, however, my research took a rather circuitous path as I kept discovering connections and facts that I'd had no inkling of when I started out. The story of mincemeat is more interesting—and convoluted—than I ever imagined.
Mincemeat is, I must confess, a topic about which I have never felt much passion. In my family, mincemeat pie was simply one of a half dozen standard Christmas dessert choices. I rarely had room for more than two, and in my personal hierarchy of dessert preferences, mincemeat ranked well below Johnny Bull Pudding and blackberry pie. On the occasions I did eat mincemeat pie, it made no particular impression on me other than provoking a vague curiosity at its name, since whatever the filling was, it clearly did not contain any meat.
One explanation for the name could be that in Old English, the word meat had the more generic meaning of "food," whether or not it happened to come from the flesh of animals. Thus, a mincemeat pie would actually have been a "minced food" pie, which could have been anything. However plausible this may sound, however, this explanation turns out to be incorrect (or at least misleading).
A Pie Fit for a King (or Two)
Centuries ago, mincemeat was so named for the very straightforward reason that it contained minced animal flesh (and in fact sometimes still does—more on this later). Beyond that, the details of its provenance and development are hazy. I have read a few unsubstantiated reports stating that mincemeat pie was served at least as far back as 1413, at the coronation of King Henry V of England, and that further, it was a favorite of Henry VIII. There is no record of the composition of these early dishes, but recipes dating from the early 17th century list a variety of wild game, plus eggs, fruit, spices, and sweeteners. According to some accounts, early mincemeat pies were small, like tarts; according to others, they were immense, weighing as much as 220 pounds (100kg). In any case, meat and fruit were invariably included among the ingredients.
Going back even further, however, there are some who believe mincemeat pie is based on an ancient pagan tradition of serving coffin-shaped cakes representing Osiris—the Egyptian god who, according to legend, died and was resurrected each year. This ritual took place on the winter solstice, December 21, and this very festival was later co-opted by Christians looking for a convenient date to celebrate Christmas (and stamp out pagan influences in the process). Along with the Yule log and the evergreen tree, the mincemeat pie is arguably a remnant of the original pagan celebrations that persisted when the holiday was refashioned.
Mincemeat's Second Coming
One person who believed this argument was 17th-century Puritan leader Oliver Cromwell. Cromwell felt that Christians had no business observing the birth of Christ by eating, drinking, and merrymaking—certainly not on a pagan holiday, and using pagan symbols. So he abolished Christmas in England in 1657. Two years later, he prevailed upon authorities in Connecticut and Massachusetts to ban Christmas celebrations there too. The prohibition specifically disallowed mincemeat pies, which were characterized as being sinful both for their symbolic origin and their inherent richness. But Cromwell's attempt to put the last nail in the coffin of mincemeat failed; it rose again. Within two centuries the ban on Christmas had been all but forgotten, and mincemeat was once again a staple in both Christmas and Thanksgiving celebrations. But over those years mincemeat had undergone a change in character. Perhaps as a way of obeying the letter of the law while maintaining tradition, some people had begun to leave out the meat in mincemeat, replacing it with nuts, apples, and raisins…along with brandy or rum. That, in short, is why the name doesn't always match the ingredients.
This leaves the question of why anyone would think to mix meat and fruit in a pie in the first place. This notion seems to elicit "yuck" responses from many people, but I don't see why. Sweet and sour pork contains pineapple; some curried meat dishes contain raisins. There's nothing unnatural about mixing meat and fruit. It's just not common to see them together in baked goods (though I have frequently said that the idea of chicken cinnamon raisin cookies sounds good to me). One commentator opined that the mixture was simply a method of preservation, as the combination of the acids from the fruits and the heat from baking inhibited the growth of bacteria in the meat. That seems vaguely plausible, though I prefer the simpler explanation: it just tastes good.
Today, a few recipes for mincemeat (and some brands of jarred mincemeat) do indeed contain meat, but of those that don't, most of them still contain suet, the hard layer of fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys of cattle. To be sure, this doesn't sound like an appetizing dessert ingredient. And yet, it turns out to be one of the main ingredients (again, along with raisins) in Johnny Bull Pudding, the dessert I customarily ate on Christmas instead of mincemeat pie. There's just no escaping tradition. —Joe Kissell


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I am new to SharePoint and have been given the task of designing a form in Infopath 2013 described in the following scenario:
 - Select a responsible, Resp.type, then click "Add". Then I will get a result as outlined below (in the picture) I also want to be able to delete any rows I added.
enter image description here
The problem is Infopath suported repeating table, but it wasn't show that menu when I edit a form of Sharepoint List. I also don't know how to make this in "Sharepoint List"
How can I make this in infoPath 2013?
Thanks in advanced
1 Answer 1
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What you describe is a parent/child relationship. This cannot be created in a single SharePoint list.
InfoPath supports repeating tables, but not in list forms.
You can create a relational parent/child setup in SharePoint and you can use JavaScript to connect the two lists in a form or a page. Using just InfoPath, though, it is not possible to write to another list from an InfoPath list form. You would need code to achieve that and IP list forms don't support code.
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text:
Pennsylvania State University
Several targets of interest in solar system exploration require non-solar power sources due to permanent shading from craters or clouds or due to extreme distance from the sun. These missions are typically considered with radioisotope power sources, but the scarcity of such fuel reduces the number of missions that NASA can execute in any decade. This study will explore mission architectures to the Moon's southern Aitken Basin, the surface of Saturn's moon, Titan, and the surface of Venus that do not rely on Plutonium for power, but instead are powered by a metal-combustion engine. The Applied Research Lab at Penn State has been developing advanced metal combustion systems for power generation through turbines and Sterling engines that have significantly higher energy density than chemical batteries. This NIAC study team will chose one of these missions to study in detail at the NASA Glenn Research Center's COMPASS Lab, resulting in a mission concept report. Proving the feasibility of using metal combustion to power spacecraft in sunless regions would be a breakthrough and shift our expectation of what explorations are possible through Discovery and New Frontiers missions without relying on radioisotope power sources.


GOOD NEWS: Deaf Dog Becomes Comic Book Superhero To Promote Acceptance
A lot of people passed by a dog at the New Jersey animal shelter for the very reason that music teacher Chris Hannah decided to rescue him - the pooch was deaf. But Hannah's 10-year-old nephew Kevin is deaf also, so he was happy to adopt the pet, who he named Cole.
Hannah's students were inspired by his new pup and helped their teacher create a superhero story called "Captain Cochlear and Maestro Mutt," based on Cole and Kevin. The comic book teaches the importance of learning to accept those who are a little different.
Now Cole is getting ready to be tested to become a certified therapy dog and Hannah plans to take his dog to visit hearing-impaired students to share their comic book. "Some things just happen for a reason," Hannah says of finding Cole.
Source: USA Today


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Speed dating bloomington normal il
Definitions "Traffic calming is the combination of mainly physical measures that reduce the negative effects of motor vehicle use, alter driver behavior and improve conditions for non-motorized street users." (Institute of Transportation Engineers) Traffic calming improvements typically incorporate any combination of the following features: City staff members have examined many different calming techniques.They recognize that Bloomington's neighborhoods are all unique and require a variety of traffic calming techniques to address differing traffic conditions.Guests are happier about it compared to other properties in the area.Couples in particular like the location – they rated it 8.6 for a two-person trip.They view speeding vehicles, cut-through traffic and associated noise and litter as detrimental to their security, property values, and the livability many have worked so hard to achieve.City staff members from Public Works, Police, and Administration work with residents to find potential answers.Traffic Calming Criteria Traffic calming criteria have been established by the City Administration and may be revised from time to time by City Administration.Streets that (usually) do not qualify for calming Physical traffic calming improvements will not be considered for any street if any of the following conditions exist: Evaluation of Traffic Conditions Traffic calming requests which pass preliminary review will proceed to the evaluation phase.
This property also has one of the top-rated locations in Bloomington!
The City Engineer exercises discretion in resolving requests and complaints and forwards unresolved issues to a staff committee.
Preliminary Review Working as a committee, city staff members review each request or complaint to determine the appropriate response.
Significant traffic issues may be resolved through increased enforcement efforts, traffic control improvements, traffic calming improvements, or a combination thereof.
The person or group making the original request or complaint will be notified in writing of the action the City intends to take regarding the request.
Search for speed dating bloomington normal il:
Transactions must be completed 5 business days prior to your court date or you will be required to appear in court.


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Most of us have heard of IFSC codes. We have used it to make money transfers and many might have even noticed the codes printed on bank cheque books. While IFSC codes are commonly used now, do you know why it was set up and what the code system aims to fulfill? Here's a bit of background on IFSC codes –
What are IFSC codes?
IFSC essentially stands for 'Indian Financial System Code' and forms an essential part of the Indian banking infrastructure. An IFSC code is a unique identification code that is used to identify the bank and branch of any particular bank account, and are used in bank transfer systems like NEFT, RTGS and IMPS.
Every code contains 11 alphanumeric characters. The first four characters are alphabets and used to identify the bank name; the last six characters are numeric or alphanumeric and used to indicate the branch code. The fifth character in the code is zero and always remains constant for all codes.
Here's an example:
IFSC Code: PUNB 0 392500
The first four characters are PUNB, refers to Punjab National Bank. The last six characters refer to the particular branch of the bank, which in this case is Mahalakshmi Layout Branch, Bangalore
IFSC codes are allotted by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and these codes are unique, meaning that no two banks or branches can have the same code.
Interesting facts about IFSC Codes
- 130,000 codes – Currently there are around 130,000 IFSC codes assigned by the RBI to various banks and branches.These codes help in the clear identification of banks and branches so as to ensure that the money transfers are made to the right beneficiary at the right bank branch. The RBI maintains a database of IFSC codes and continually reviews, makes additions and deletions to the list based on requirements. You can view the complete list of IFSC codes by the RBI here.
- Sublet Branches – All major banks and their branches are allotted individual IFSC codes and are easily identifiable by their codes; for example – SBIN0003357, refers to a branch of the State Bank of India or SBI). Sublet branches refer to small banks, like co-operative banks who are not assigned IFSC codes that are easily identifiable by bank names. For instance YESB0NCCB01 could be easily mistaken for a branch of Yes Bank, while in reality, the code is used by The Nawada Central Co-operative Bank. These small banks, essentially piggyback on bigger banks for processing IFSC codes.
- IFSC codes for Payment Banks – Payment Banks are a new banking model introduced by RBI, earlier this year. Payment banks are allowed to do certain banking functions like accepting deposits (upto Rs 1 lakh) and provide facilities like Net banking, mobile banking, debit cards and ATM facilities to its customers. However, any form of lending (or issuance credit cards) are not allowed. Currently there are 4 players (Airtel, India Posts, PayTM and Fino) who have been awarded Payment Bank licences. And in the context of IFSC codes, Payment banks are allotted their own individual IFSC codes. For eg, Airtel Payments Bank has only one branch registered so far –
"Bank": "AIRTEL PAYMENTS BANK LIMITED" "IFSC": "AIRP0000001" "Branch": "AIRTEL PAYMENTS BRANCH" "Address": "AIRTEL CENTER, PLAT NO-16, UDYOG VIHAR PHASE-4 GURGOAN" "City": "Gurgaon" "State": "Haryana"
Razorpay's IFSC Toolkit
Handling a multitude of payments on an everyday basis, we discovered that we needed to process, validate and query several financial details, one of them being IFSC codes. We needed a system that could, easily, quickly and accurately validate codes in order to ensure smooth payments processing. Without any complete API that suited all our requirements, we decided to build our own IFSC toolkit and even make it open source to help others in the industry.
Here's exactly how we built the IFSC Toolkit:
- Get all the data from the RBI website
- Parse the data
- Export it
- And, finally release the updates, like this one below:
The IFSC toolkit includes an API, the dataset downloads, and the source code to generate the entire dataset from the RBI website. You can find all these details at ifsc.razorpay.com. We have written more about why we made this toolkit earlier on this blog.


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Earthquake Glossary - seismic moment
The seismic moment is a measure of the size of an earthquake based on the area of fault rupture, the average amount of slip, and the force that was required to overcome the friction sticking the rocks together that were offset by faulting. Seismic moment can also be calculated from the amplitude spectra of seismic waves.
Moment = µ A D
µ = shear modulus = 32 GPa in crust, 75 GPa in mantle
A = LW = area
D = average displacement during rupture


text: To better define the cooling history of the northern Oaxacan Complex, titanite and phlogopite from metasedimentary calc-silicate and biotite from a pegmatite were collected. All these rocks were involved in the granulite-facies Zapotecan orogeny between ca. 1004 and 978 ± 3 Ma, inferred to result from underthrusting the Oaxacan Complex beneath an arc or continent. Fragments of 2 × 5 cm2 titanite crystals yielded a concordant U-Pb age of 968 ± 9 Ma, whereas 40Ar/39Ar analyses of phlogopite and biotite gave ages of 945 ± 10 Ma and 856 ± 10 Ma, respectively. These ages are inferred to date cooling through 660-700 °C, 450 °C, and 300-350 °C, respectively. When combined with published ages (Sm-Nd garnet, 40Ar/39Ar hornblende, Rb-Sr biotite and whole rock, and K-Ar biotite and K-feldspar) the data define a two-stage cooling curve: (1) 8 °C/m.y. between 978 and 945 Ma, cooling through 450 °C by which time the rocks had risen through a depth of 15 km; and (2) 2 °C/m.y., which, by extrapolation, brought the rocks to the surface between 710 and 760 Ma. The first stage of exhumation is interpreted in terms of tectonic switching between steep and flat slab subduction, a result of interactions of a ridge, a plume, or an oceanic plateau with the trench. The second stage may be related to thermal relaxation of the lithosphere, ending with the breakup of Rodinia, which brought the rocks to the surface.


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Do you know how green Broward cities are? Want to know? So did we! So, in the spring of 2011, Broward County's Energy and Sustainability Program reached out to our 31 municipalities to gather information on the scope and diversity of energy efficiency initiatives and sustainability programs implemented throughout our community. Questions covered many topics, including: Greenhouse Gas Mitigation, Energy Conservation and Production, Transportation and the Built Environment, Water Use and Conservation, Waste Reduction and Recycling, and Climate Change Adaptation Planning.
We found that, collectively, local governments in Broward County have taken significant strides in implementing energy conservation measures and sustainability initiatives.
Look how green our community is! Sustainability in Broward County Florida: Local Government in Action summarizes the outcomes of the survey. The report illuminates general trends in program direction, priorities, and funding, but more importantly, highlight success stories, identify best management practices, and propose opportunities for future community-wide collaboration and program advancement. The results are more than informative - they are inspiring!
Matrix of Municipal Green Initiatives in Broward County
See how your city stacks up. Compare your efforts with that of your neighboring municipality in this easy to ready table. Better yet, find inspiration from the enormous variety of green, climate, and sustainability initiatives being undertaken by local governments in Broward County. For more detailed project information, please contact the municipality's survey liaison directly, using the Survey Participant Contact List.
Share the success!
This 1-page factsheet on the survey results is a quick and effective tool for educating others on the collective efforts and achievements of Broward's local governments on issues of sustainability. Be proud of the significant progress we are making, and let others know too!
Through the 2011 Municipal Green Initiatives Survey, the Sustainability Stewards Workshops, and the GoGreen Clearinghouse, Broward County's Energy and Sustainability Program is:
- Producing useful information to the participating municipalities and Broward community
- Creating a platform for cooperatively advancing energy and sustainability programs
- Capturing, celebrating and sharing our collective achievements
Thank you to all our participants and partners in the cities and community who are helping us make Broward County a more energy efficient and sustainable place to live, every day!


text:
- 1 What is a pizza peel made out of?
- 2 How thick should a pizza peel be?
- 3 Should I oil my pizza peel?
- 4 What type of pizza peel is best?
- 5 What can you use if you don't have a pizza peel?
- 6 Do you need a pizza peel with a pizza stone?
- 7 Can you make a pizza peel out of plywood?
- 8 What makes a good pizza peel?
- 9 Does Walmart have pizza peels?
- 10 Can you cut pizza on a pizza peel?
- 11 Why is my pizza sticking to the peel?
- 12 What kind of oil do you use on a pizza peel?
What is a pizza peel made out of?
Metal pizza peels are usually made out of aluminum and are generally the best option for retrieving baked pizzas from the oven. The paddles on these peels are thinner than their wooden counterparts, allowing them to more easily slip under pizza crusts.
How thick should a pizza peel be?
Ideally, you're looking for something in the 1-3 mm (3/64-1/8 inch) range. Wooden peels, tend to be thicker since you can't make the wood as thin as metal. A wooden peel works great for transferring the pizza into the oven, but it's less ideal to get it out.
Should I oil my pizza peel?
Should you oil a pizza peel? No you don't need to. A pizza peel should be grease and moisture free to allow the pizza to slide off easily. You should not put any seasoning coating because the wood is porous and absorbs moisture to stop the dough sticking.
What type of pizza peel is best?
Here are the best pizza peels
- Best pizza peel overall: New Star Foodservice 50295 Restaurant-Grade Wooden Pizza Peel.
- Best innovative pizza peel: EXO Non-Stick Super Peel Pro Composite.
- Best metal pizza peel: American Metalcraft 3016 Extra Large Blade Pizza Peel, 30 Inch.
What can you use if you don't have a pizza peel?
The 6 Best Pizza Peel Substitutes
- Rimless Cookie Sheet. This common household item is perhaps the best replacement for a pizza peel.
- Upside Down Rimmed Baking Sheet. If you 're not an avid baker, you may not have a rimless cookie sheet on hand.
- Parchment Paper.
- Cutting Board.
- Serving Platter.
Do you need a pizza peel with a pizza stone?
Because you heat the stone with the oven and place the pizza directly on the stone, it is essential to use a pizza peel when cooking with a pizza stone.
Can you make a pizza peel out of plywood?
The fastest and easiest way to make a peel is with a piece of plywood. Find a scrap piece of quality plywood. 3/8″ or 1/2″ thick works well. Avoid temptation to stain your new peel – the heat and pizza ingredients work best with an unfinished surface.
What makes a good pizza peel?
Wood is the classic material for a pizza peel because it effectively prevents the dough from sticking. It also works well as a cutting board for your pizza once it's done baking. However, a wooden peel can warp and absorb stains and smells over time. Many are somewhat bulky, so they can be difficult to handle.
Does Walmart have pizza peels?
Our pizza peel is perfectly used for transferring pizzas,breads,pastries and so on. Its wooden handle is for easy and convenient to grip,and it could protect your hands from being burnt by hot oven.It has compact size and simple structures,very easy to clean.
Can you cut pizza on a pizza peel?
Pizza peels come in three basic materials: Wood is also the best material to prevent sticking of raw pizza dough—essential for inserting a raw pizza into the oven without disturbing the toppings. You can also cut and serve your pizza directly off the peel without damaging your knife or pizza wheel.
Why is my pizza sticking to the peel?
If your dough is a little cold or sticky for some reason, it may stick to the peel at the oven's entrance. You may want to sprinkle some cornmeal on the peel instead. Any of thesematerials make for an effective peel dust. My personal favorite is a blend of equal parts cornmeal, semolina flour and regular pizza flour.
What kind of oil do you use on a pizza peel?
Apply a thin layer of food-grade mineral oil to the face of your pizza peel before its first use. This will seal and protect the wood, which makes your pizza peel last longer. Allow the oil to sit until it's fully soaked into the wood. Do not use olive or vegetable oil, which can become rancid.