LCC '18 Contest 4 S4 - Car Range
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Points: 10
Time limit: 2.0s
Memory limit: 128M
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Problem type
Elon is looking into buying an electric car, however he is worried that it will affect his ability to go on long road trips. In particular, he is planning a road trip from Toronto to Vancouver this summer and he will need a car that can take him all the way there.
There are \(N\) cities with electric charging stations in North America and \(M\) roads between them. Elon can use a road only if it is shorter than the range of his electric vehicle. What is the minimum range that Elon's vehicle must have so that he could complete his road trip?
Input Specification
The first line of input contains two integers \(N, M\) \((2 \le N, M \le 100\ 000)\), the number of cities and roads, respectively. Cities are numbered from 1 to \(N\), with Toronto being city 1 and Vancouver being city \(N\). The next \(M\) lines each contain three integers \(A, B, L\) \((1 \le A, B \le N, 1 \le L \le 10^9)\), which represent a road between cities \(A\) and \(B\) of length \(L\).
Output Specification
Output the minimum range that Elon's car must have in order for him to complete his road trip, or -1 if it is impossible for Elon to reach Vancouver.
Sample Input 1
3 2
1 2 100
2 3 200
Sample Output 1
200
Sample Input 2
3 3
1 3 500
1 2 400
2 3 400
Sample Output 2
400
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Malawi's Green Belt Initiative aims to offer land to local and international investors, in order to increase agricultural production, productivity, incomes and food security. But it may also be facilitating 'land grabs' from smallholder farmers.
This new Policy Brief (pdf) looks at the political economy of the GBI in Malawi, and finds some important concerns about the way it is organised and its effects.
These include a lack of clarity in rules for land transfers; top-down decision making about which land to allocate; and a lack of participation, accountability, and transparency. There is even the potential that the GBI might undermine instead of enhancing food security.
The authors, Blessings Chinsinga and Michael Chasukwa, explain the concerns and suggest a list of policy considerations, including on transparency, clarity and legislation.
Photo: Sweet Potato by IFPRI-IMAGES on Flickr

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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If you read my previous rant, you know that I was unable to use a tripod in the fantastic King's College Chapel in Cambridge. So my only option for this shot was to sit on the floor, and prop my camera on my legs. It seemed to work out alright. Still mad about the tripod incident…but look at the detail of this place! Almost too much to look at for too long.
King's College Chapel is the chapel to King's College of the University of Cambridge, and it is considered one of the finest examples of late Gothic English architecture. It contains the world's largest fan vaulted ceiling. The chapel itself was built in phases by a succession of English Kings from 1446 to 1515, beginning with King Henry VI and ending with King Henry VIII.
During the Civil War the chapel was used as a training ground by Oliver Cromwell's troops, but escaped major damage, possibly because Cromwell himself, being a Cambridge student, gave orders for it to be spared. Graffiti left by Parliament soldiers is still visible on the north and south walls near the altar.
HDR UNCOVERED: A SIMPLE TUTORIAL FOR THE NEW AND CURIOUS
If you've spent anytime pursuing the photography circles of Google+ or Flickr, you more than likely have come across the enigmatic term "HDR". Maybe you don't know the first thing about HDR and want to know more, or maybe you've learned to recognize HDR images by their unique quality and are interested in creating your own HDR photos. In either case, you've come to the right place.
What is HDR photography?
HDR means 'High Dynamic Range'. HDR images are created by combining a series of images with different exposures, and then adjusting contrast ratios to produce images that represent more accurately the range of intensity levels found in real scenes. Non-HDR images are taken at a single exposure level with a limited contrast range. This results in the loss of detail in bright or dark areas of a picture.
The goal of HDR photography is to capture a scene as the human brain remembers it. The human eye is an incredibly powerful organ that is capable of adjusting levels of light across a scene, creating a fully exposed image in your memory. As you are standing in front of a beautiful sunset, your eye is capable of processing not only the light from the sun as it reflects off the clouds, but it can also see a fully exposed foreground. Cameras, on the other hand, can only capture a single exposure. Either the sky will be correctly exposed and the foreground is under-exposed and dark, or the foreground is exposed and the sky is the over-exposed and blown out. So in a sense, HDR attempts to capture a scene in its entirety, rather than a single moment in time.
People seem to either love or hate HDR photography. Some "purists" dislike HDR, but most people find nicely-processed HDR images to be beautiful and compelling. My goal is to create images that make people feel good while staying as true as possible to the photographed scene as I remember it. If you're one those folks who like HDR images and want to learn more about the process, please read on.
Here is the photo we will be working on in this tutorial:
Let's get started!


When your Mayo Clinic doctor recommends thoracic surgery for a disease or condition that affects your lungs or chest, your treatment team will provide every service from diagnosis to discharge. Your doctor works closely with the team so that you can choose from appropriate treatments and return home with the necessary information about managing your condition, what types of physical activity you can perform and how to manage everyday activities.
Why choose Mayo Clinic for thoracic surgery
 - Experience. Every year, Mayo Clinic doctors treat more than 2,000 people who need thoracic surgery for their disease or condition.
 - Expertise. Mayo Clinic doctors are skilled in the latest surgical procedures for treating complex chest problems.
 - Team approach. Integrated teams include doctors trained in diagnosis, thoracic surgery, pathology and oncology who work with therapists and other health care professionals.


TY - RPRT T1 - Incremental natural-language processing with schema-tree adjoining grammars T3 - Saarbrücken, 1994 A1 - Harbusch,Karin Y1 - 2011/08/03 N2 - Schema-Tree Adjoining Grammars are proposed for compressing natural-language grammars. Their rules allow for regular expressions associated with inner nodes of elementary trees referring to individual sons of inner nodes in order to describe their occurrences and repetitions in the set of elementary trees specified. In the following, the adequacy of representing a possibly infinite set of trees by one scheme is discussed for incremental natural-language processing where the input is consumed and processed piecemeal. The basic idea is to avoid decisions for which not enough information is available at the moment by the condensed representation of all currently valid alternatives in terms of semi-instantiated schemata. We present an extended Early processing which allows for mixing partially instantiated trees and uninstantiated schemata. KW - Künstliche Intelligenz CY - Saarbrücken PB - Saarländische Universitätsund Landesbibliothek AD - Postfach 151141, 66041 Saarbrücken UR - _URL_ ER -


text:
Here are today's five thing to know about Homemade Soup:
Also: African Heritage & Health Week
- Women are more than twice as likely to eat soup as men, 9.67% vs. 4.0%.
- The Middle English word soupen meant "to drink in sips", which is how most soups were consumed. The words "soup," "supper," "sip," and "sop" are derived from this term.
- Andy Warhol(who's real name was Andrew Warhola) is famous for his Campbell 's soup can art of the 1960's. Did you know his first works sold for around 100 dollars? Today they sell for hundreds of thousands of dollars.
- We 'eat' and don't drink soup. In most cultures, soup is had as a part of the meal. According to etiquette experts, since we consume soup with a spoon as opposed to sipping it from a bowl, we 'eat' it.
- The word soup is of Sanskrit origin! It is derived from the…
View original post 108 more words

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


הרשמה Hebrew
חפשו מילה כלשהי, כמו fuck:
2 definitions by Misty De Meo
Onos - oh'noss - n. - A Greek concept of rational worry; represented by Homer's Odyssey in Athena, a Greek Goddess, and many Greek heroes in other traditional works, it is considered a positive attribute.
Romans considered "onos" a negative attribute, like Odysseus' intelligence, and it became transmuted into the less-positive "onus," or "burden."
Athena's onos was manifested in her fear of Poseidon's threat to Odysseus' homecoming.
מאת Misty De Meo 20 במרץ, 2004
32 20
"Have you heard the new T-Square album?"
מאת Misty De Meo 26 במאי, 2004
19 8


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Student Service LEARNING TO HEAL in Northern Ireland
March 03, 2006
In Northern Ireland today, there remain deep and complex problems left from the 30-year civil war, or the Troubles, as the war is called by nearly everyone who lived through it. Relatively peaceful since 1998, the country is still recovering from long years of violence and is experiencing continuing division. Yet, as a fragile peace developed during the last decade, educators and social workers began to address the attitudes and circumstances underlying the sectarian conflict. Early childhood educators, with the help of faculty at Queen's University, are now implementing an anti-bias curriculum in the schools, one which is designed to inhibit and perhaps reverse religious and ethnic polarization.
Professor of Education Diane Levin '69MS has long been involved in this process of helping children heal from the traumatic markings that the violence of war leaves on families and communities – and in learning from the efforts in Northern Ireland. Her experience inspired her to organize a service-learning program for Wheelock students so that they too could contribute to and learn from the peace process.
For a week in March, Levin and Associate Vice President for Academic Affairs Brian Price led 11 undergraduate and graduate students on Wheelock College's first international service-learning program to Belfast, Northern Ireland. Their goal was to learn from and support the peace process through working with children in early care classrooms in the city's neighborhoods where new understanding – and an anti-bias curriculum – is beginning to heal wounds.
The Wheelock group spent four days in early childhood settings within and outside Belfast, working with teachers who are applying the anti-sectarian bias program in both Protestant and Catholic communities. At one of the schools, there had been demonstration marches and fires as recently as July 2005. In addition, the group spent a day at Queen's University in workshops and seminars led by Paul Connolly, architect of the anti-bias program.
Students went on Peace Tours of the still partially divided city and heard firsthand the different perspectives of each side from guides who had been prisoners until their release in 2000, when the formal peace agreement was finally reached. They visited the 14-foot-high, miles-long Peace Wall that still divides the most entrenched areas of Protestant-Catholic conflict and that is still closed to crossing when evening falls.
Northern Ireland Pre-School Playgroup Association – The Early Years Organisation (NIPPA) is the largest nongovernmental organization working in the early childhood care and education sector in Northern Ireland. Funded under a special European Union Programme for Peace and Reconciliation measure to establish an international network of early childhood practitioners, NIPPA aims to bring reconciliation learning into Northern Ireland schools and to promote the country's experience in quality early childhood services and peace building.
Levin's continuing work with her NIPPA colleagues – including organizing the international Working Forum Belfast peace conference – resulted in the organization's arranging for Wheelock students to visit schools in both of Belfast's divided communities, schools that are developing anti-bias curricula with the goal of peacefully integrating their students. Other NIPPA advisers led service learning days with preschoolers in Belfast child care centers. There, students learned how the Troubles had affected even the youngest of children and how interactive media programs are being used by staff to promote anti-bias learning.
As part of the trip's scholarly exchange, Levin led a seminar for NIPPA on the dilemma of war play in children's lives and a master class on the impact of media and media violence. And at Queen's University, Connolly led students in a comparison of their observations of children with his research into how the Troubles are affecting the attitudes of children 3 to 11 years old.
Throughout the trip, wherever they went, students were impressed with the welcome and warmth expressed to them. They attended receptions in their honor at the U.S. Consulate, Queen's University, Belfast City Hall, and at the headquarters of their NIPPA hosts. Every student noted how they were treated more as professionals who had knowledge and skills to offer than as students with much to learn. Students and faculty alike were pleased (but not surprised) by NIPPA staff observations of how committed Wheelock students are and how comfortable they are interacting with children of all ages.


Determination of the Orientation of a Dipping Plane by the the Compass - Clinometer (Photos)
The orientation of a dipping plane is most commonly measured using the contact method. This is illustrated for the Silva - type compass - clinometer in Figure and the Brunton - type compass - clinometer in Figure .
The exact order that you complete the steps and obtain the strike and dip of the plane is not crucial; this will depend on the instrument used, fi eld conditions and personal preference. What is important is ensuring that you record the three pieces of information (strike, dip magnitude and dip direction). Note that the order of the steps in Figures is different to take account of the easiest way to measure a dipping plane with the different instruments. If this technique is new to you, or the reading seems unreasonable, or the bedding surface is not ideal, take a second or even third reading and use the average or the best one.
Determination of the orientation of a dipping plane by the The compass - clinometer (photos)
1-General orientation
Find a good surface that is representative of the overall dip of the plane to measure. Determine the general direction of dip by looking at the plane or you can pour fluid over the bedding plane to see which way it runs.
In some cases it may be necessary to smooth out the variations on the surface by placing a notebook or clipboard on the bedding plane, but take care to ensure that this is not biased by a small irregularity. Hammer near left hand side shows the plane chosen in this case.
Determination of the orientation of a dipping plane by the The compass - clinometer (photos)
2. Set the clinometer mode
2. Set the clinometer mode
Prepare the compass-clinometer for the clinometer mode by setting the top of the clinometer part so that it is parallel to the long edge of the compass-clinometer (i.e. put the compass dial at 90–270°).
3. Dip magnitude
Place the long edge that is at the base of the clinometer scale on the bedding plane,
with the long edge of the compass-clinometer parallel to where you estimate the maximum dip direction lies (i.e. pointing down the slope).
While looking at the clinometer reading, carefully rotate the compass-clinometer device slightly (as shown by the arrows) to find the line of maximum dip.
Determination of the Orientation of a Dipping Plane by the the Compass - Clinometer (Photos)
Read off the maximum dip. In this case it is 12°. Note that the dip can be read from either side of the Silva-type compass-clinometer.
Determination of the Orientation of a Dipping Plane by the the Compass - Clinometer (Photos)
4. Strike direction
The strike direction is exactly perpendicular to the dip direction, so remembering where the maximum dip lies, lift the compassclinometer and place the long edge of the compass-clinometer along the line of strike.
Pivot the compass-clinometer window (as shown by the red arrow) until it is horizontal.
Determination of the Orientation of a Dipping Plane by the the Compass - Clinometer (Photos)
Rotate the compass dial so that the compass needle lines up with the red outline for the north direction, checking that the compassclinometer is still horizontal. Take the reading of the strike from the dial. In this case it is 008° or the other end of the line, 188°.
Determination of the Orientation of a Dipping Plane by the the Compass - Clinometer (Photos)
You can double check that the strike direction is correct by placing the compass on its long edge along the strike line and checking that the dip is 0° (don't forget to
adjust the compass to the clinometer mode (step 2)).
5. Dip direction
The last measurement is the direction of dip to the nearest cardinal point (e.g. NW or SE, E or W). In this case it is E.
6. Record
Record the orientation of the plane in your notebook; in this case 008/12E. Note that the strike is always recorded as a 3-digit number to avoid any confusion and that the degree symbols are not normally shown to prevent any confusion with zeros.

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Home / Blog / Knowledge / What is a gully cover?
What is a gully cover?
Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2020-12-10 Origin: Site
What is a gully cover?

The gully cover is usually a grating covering the drainage gully, which can quickly and directly drain water into the gully under the cover. There is no possibility of water accumulation. It is usually used in low-lying areas, on both sides of roads, indoor vegetable markets, car washes, parking basements, etc. Usually, the trench covers are used in batches and linear arrangements. The indoor drainage system uses this type of gully, which can reduce the cost of constructing an underground drainage system. And this type of gully can play a role in protecting the drainage system. The sewage in the gully under the gully cover can play a role in sedimentation and sedimentation, reducing the direct discharge of debris and sediment into the drainage system and causing blockage.

gully covers
How to choose a gully cover?

To observe the quality of a product, it is necessary to see whether its appearance is beautiful. If it has many bubbles and spots, the quality of the trench cover needs to be considered.

Trench covers gully cover are mainly used in some factories and high-end communities. This is mainly because the cement trench cover is often crushed and the road surface is also damaged. Therefore, the trench cover plate made of the glass-reinforced plastic composite is suitable for different loads. Because the trench cover is simple in construction, light in weight, good load-bearing, impact resistance, bend and not bend, large displacement, beautiful and durable, and anti-corrosion, it has the incomparable advantages of cast iron cover.

The drainage ditch cover is a kind of environmental engineering accessories, which is often used in road construction, and we can also see it on the road. There are many types of drainage ditch covers, and the materials used for the drainage ditch covers vary depending on the environment. So how to choose the gutter cover for different usage scenarios?
drainage ditch cover
Generally, steel gratings are generally used if they are only used for urban drainage and for people to walk on. The carrying capacity is strong, and some large and medium-sized vehicles can come and go. If a chemical plant or an area with frequent acid rain, if the metal is used, it will cause a chemical reaction, leading to tedious replacement and increasing maintenance costs. Compared with the metal ditch board, the glass drainage ditch cover is lighter in texture and saves time and effort in installation. The resin fiberglass fiber reinforced plastic produced by the new technology has a bearing capacity that is not inferior to that of metal and has strong corrosion resistance. It has played a great role in many chemical production and acid-base sewage discharge fields. There is also a reinforced concrete drainage ditch cover plate, which is made of concrete material, which has strong stability but is relatively heavy and difficult to repair once a problem occurs.

The dense drainage ditch is designed for crowded places. The dense drainage ditch cover is characterized by small gaps, which can allow some small and conventional objects to pass through without being stuck, and retain the drainage function.

Steel gratings can be seen in some swimming pool overflow drainage grating, but it doesn't feel very good to step on them with bare feet. It is not only very ice, but also not very skin-friendly. The composite swimming pool overflow drainage grating feels comfortable, and the thermal conductivity is not as good as steel. It will not feel very cold even in winter, nor does it have a sharp feeling of steel. And it gives people a comfortable, beautiful and high-end feeling.
Swimming Pool Overflow Drainage Grating
For the drainage ditch near some chemical plants, it is necessary to choose some acid and alkali corrosion resistant, lightweight composite structure, easy to replace and repair the drainage ditch, is a very ideal material.

What are the benefits of using trench cover in road engineering?
Trench cover is mainly used in road engineering. It is used more in municipal engineering, and most of it is used for drainage. Regarding some rainwater, or the terrain is more depressed, we will pass through the trench. The construction of the cover plate is used for urgent drainage to ensure the safety of life and material safety of the public.

The hole row of the trench cover should also be planned clearly. Try to save materials and resources: when large spans and heavy loads, the price is lower than cast iron; and it can save the cost of replacing cast iron covers due to theft or crushing.
How should I choose the load capacity of the gully cover?

Take the BS EN124 standard as an example，You can choose the required load-bearing range based on this standard.

BS EN124
Composite gully cover vs cement gully cover

The drainage gully cover made of cement material, due to frequent wind and sun over the years, the gap of the gully cover is prone to defects, which causes the gap of the gully cover to become wider, and human feet enter the gap of the drainage cover on the roadside, which is easy to cause Bruises on the legs. Due to the erosion of rainwater, the cement at the seam of the cover plate is very easy to fall off, which causes the seam to increase, which intensifies this hidden danger. Therefore, the use of cement cover is not recommended, because cement cover is almost the most frequently occurring quality problem among all common materials of drainage gully cover.

Composite gully cover vs metal gully cover

Metal drainage ditch covers are more common. Generally, ductile iron is generally used if it is only used for urban drainage and for people to walk on. Its carrying capacity is strong, and some large and medium-sized vehicles can come and go. However, if a chemical plant or an area with frequent acid rain is used, if the metal is used, it will cause a chemical reaction, leading to cumbersome replacement and increasing maintenance costs.

The resin composite drainage ditch cover plate is relatively lighter than the metal ditch plate, and the installation is also time-saving, labor-saving, and anti-aging. The composite trench cover is made of high-strength composite materials supplemented by steel bars and is molded at high temperature. It has no recycling value and realizes active anti-theft. It is not inferior to the load-bearing capacity of metals and has strong corrosion resistance. Production and acid-alkaline sewage discharge fields play a great role and are commonly found in many industries such as traffic auxiliary roads, sidewalks, real estate, communications, water affairs, chemicals, pipeline gas, and power supply systems.

Applications scenarios of gully cover

The drainage system in the park is relatively concealed. A linear drainage ditch is often used. A linear drainage ditch is a very popular way of park drainage. It is deeply loved by designers. The selected ditch cover can also be added with some ingenious Techniques and design lines to produce artistic effects. The design of the linear finished drainage ditch in the park has solved the function of the drainage ditch and more perfect greening of the park. The finished linear drainage effectively protects the ground and the service life of the building and integrated with the architecture.

The area of the park is generally larger and the design is deeper. After sedimentation, the drainage flows into the collection well and then is pumped by a submersible pump. However, it should be noted that the drainage system in the park must use the natural topography to determine the drainage direction and dig the drainage ditches according to the prescribed slope. The drainage system of the park shall be provided with continuous, unobstructed, and other emergency facilities to prevent mud, sewage, wastewater, etc. from flowing out or blocking the drainage ditch.

Nowadays, many people use special composite grilles for car washes shops. The advantage is that the ground can be completely grounded, and the ground does not have to worry about water storage. On the other hand, it is best to clean the sediment, but even if you don't need a special sediment pool, consider the water behind the entire ground, the sediment is under the grid.
gully cover used in car washes shops
It is easy to build the trough without digging, and the height is more than 10cm. General stores use glass fiber reinforced plastic grille size 38MM thick.
Install the grille, the grille requires beam support every 40cm, all the grille is vertical and the beam forms a vertical cross, using uniform force. Be sure to vertical beams and grilles, it is very important to avoid waste.
Installation selection considerations

The steel grating trench cover of the roadway is divided into side trench cover and transverse trench cover according to the direction of vehicle travel. The load-bearing flat steel perpendicular to the direction of the vehicle becomes a side trench cover, and the load-bearing flat steel parallel to the direction of the vehicle becomes a transverse trench cover.

For the sidewalks, roadways, steel gratings of parking lots, ditch covers on the ground of docks, or buildings used on traffic roads, the design, and selection of them should be taken into consideration due to the difference in load and direction of traffic.

When it is used for the gutter and cross-section gutter cover on the road (the direction of the vehicle is parallel to the direction of the load-bearing flat steel), not only the wheel pressure and impact must be considered, but also the danger of the gutter cover from bounce and displacement must be taken into consideration. The plate is fixed to the angle steel and the support beam (can be fixed by welding or steel grating mounting clips).

Advantage of trench covers

The anti-theft performance is better


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The symbol for silver.
|silver (sĭl'vər) Pronunciation Key
A soft, shiny, white metallic element that is found in many ores, especially together with copper, lead, and zinc. It conducts heat and electricity better than any other metal. Silver is used in photography and in making electrical circuits and conductors. Atomic number 47; atomic weight 107.868; melting point 960.8°C; boiling point 2,212°C; specific gravity 10.50; valence 1, 2. See also sterling silver. See Periodic Table. See Note at element.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
If you're trying to save money, which bathing option uses more water? How can you tell?
Comparing a shower to a bath is like comparing apples to oranges. That's because you measure showers by duration (how long the water is running while you're in the shower), but you measure baths by the amount of water it takes to fill up the bathtub (regardless of the time).
As a general rule, taking a bath uses more water. However, these are some factors to consider when trying to determine which method is more (or less) water efficient.
How big is your bathtub? According to data from the USGS Water Science School, the average person needs 36 gallons of water to fill the bathtub. However, a larger than average tub will need more water.
Another factor to consider is how much water you're running in the bathtub. It takes more water to actually fill to capacity, compared to filling it halfway or three-quarters of the way full.
How long are your showers? Are you singing one song as you shower or a compilation of greatest hits? The longer you remain in the shower, the more water you're using.
Also, leaving the water running while you're lathering your hair and/or shaving causes you to consume more. Think about it: if you wash your hair in the bathroom sink, you would cut the water off during the lathering process.
And speaking of lathering, are you doing it for a minute, two minutes, three minutes, maybe more? If you lather for three minutes with the shower running, and then you rinse and repeat, you're wasting a lot of water.
Another factor that determines if you're wasting water in the shower is your showerhead. On old showerhead can use up to five gallons of water per minute, according to the USGS. However, a low-flow showerhead only uses two gallons of water per minute.
The fabulous shower below has six body sprays, fixed and hand-held shower heads, as well as a rain shower head. If you're using all of these bells and whistles, you're probably wasting a lot of money in the shower.
One way to evaluate your use of both water sources is to take a timed shower to see how long it lasts. Let's say it was a five-minute shower. The next day, run water in the bathtub (and try to adjust the faucet level so it's similar to the same water flow you have in the shower). Again, set your timer so you can determine if you reach your typical bathtub level in more or less than five minutes. If it takes longer to fill the bathtub, you're using more water to take a bath.


Alopecia UK funds invested: £10,500
Further Alopecia UK funds committed: £3000 for Year 3
When: December 2017
Project type: PhD Studentship
Project Lead: Teontor Simakou
Length of project: 3 years
Research Institute: University of the West of Scotland (UWS)
Condition of interest: Alopecia Areata
Funds being used for: Consumables costs for cell culture, nanokicking experiments, PCR and screening of serum and faecal samples for autoimmune factors.
Overall Aim of the Project:
To treat alopecia areata using a non-chemical technology based on nanovibrations (Nanokicking)
Justification for research project:
UWS propose that in the future stem cell therapies will be key in developing regenerative therapies for many conditions, including those affecting the immune response. This project will study the application of nanoscale mechanical stimulation protocols, called 'Nanokicking' to manipulate the differentiation of cells that have immune function, thus impacting on the resolution of different immune conditions, such as autoimmune disorders, immunodeficiency and vaccine development. 'Nanokicking' has already been successful in the targeted differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) to bone and shows huge potential for bone regeneration and bone disorders. UWS have data to suggest it can play a role in other tissue type development. In addition to providing insight into the immunological mechanisms underpinning human disease, the technology has the potential to provide in vitro models which could be exploited commercially.
Who is leading the project:
The project is being run by research student, Teontor Simakou, who is working as part of an interdisciplinary team of enthusiastic scientists, experts in biology and physics. Teontor has a good knowledge of immunology, immunoassays and molecular biology. Teontor's ambition is to learn how physics can boost biological applications and have a positive impact on global healthcare.
Updates on the project:
 Visit our Blogs section to read Ted's views on alopecia research.
Research outcomes:
Ted has published a review of alopecia, available here.


Infoscience
Report
MLP-based Log Spectral Energy Mapping for Robust Overlapping Speech Recognition
This paper investigates a multilayer perceptron (MLP) based acoustic feature mapping to extract robust features for automatic speech recognition (ASR) of overlapping speech. The MLP is trained to learn the mapping from log mel filter bank energies (MFBEs) extracted from the distant microphone recordings, including multiple overlapping speakers, to log MFBEs extracted from the clean speech signal. The outputs of the MLP are then used to generate mel filterbank cepstral coefficient (MFCC) acoustic features, that are subsequently used in acoustic model adaptation and system evaluation. The proposed approach is evaluated through extensive studies on the MONC corpus, which includes both non-overlapping single speaker and overlapping multi-speaker conditions. We demonstrate that by learning the mapping between log MFBEs extracted from noisy and clean signals the performance of ASR system can be significantly improved in overlapping multi-speaker condition compared a conventional delay-sum beamforming approach, while keeping the performance of the system on single non-overlapping speaker condition intact.
Related material


Hello all.
I'm about to undertake a research study which is using exclusively quantitative methods and data that is interval (or possibly ratio) in nature. I thought this was great since I'm from a social science background.
While the methodology is easier with the research question I want to answer, I'm having more difficulty regarding statistical tests, and more fundamentally, even knowing what my variables are.
Basically, I want to look at how different types of microphone affect different analyses of voice (for example, pitch). Perhaps to best help me, I'll share my methodology:
 - There will be 4 groups of people - normal voice; mild, moderate, and severe voice disorders.
 - There will be 6 different microphones split over three categories - polar pattern, condenser/dynamic, and price.
 - There will be 7 different analyses of each sample (e.g. pitch)
 - Each person will record a sample into all 6 microphones simultaneously and I want to compare the values each microphone gives in the analysis (e.g. what value of pitch (in Hz) each microphone records.
When it comes to thinking of what statistical tests to use, I'm getting mixed up. I feel like my dependent variables are the results from the analysis (e.g. pitch) and the independent variable is the type of microphone. But if that's the case, what statistical test can I use? My hypothesis is that the type of microphone will affect the values given in analysis.
I hope someone can clear things up for me a bit.
Thanks in advance.


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Lennox & Addington is an excellent destination for bird watching. More than 350 species can be found within our borders. One hotspot in particular for birding enthusiasts is Amherst Island. It's a wonderful place to view and learn about a variety of owls. The most common species found here during the winter are the Northern Saw-whet Owl, Long-eared Owls, with smaller numbers of Barred Owls, Great Horned Owls, and a few Boreal Owls and Great Grey Owls. Snowy Owls, as well as the Northern Hawk Owls, are usually found in trees and on fence posts or hydro poles near open fields throughout the Island.
While bird watching, please respect the wildlife and vegetation on your visit. Remember not to get too close and move and speak quietly. Avoid the use of a flash if you are taking photographs.
Check out these websites for more information.
Kingston Field Naturalists


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Thu March 7, 2013
If Caffeine Can Boost The Memory Of Bees, Can It Help Us, Too?
Originally published on Thu March 7, 2013 6:13 pm
Who knew that the flower nectar of citrus plants — including some varieties of grapefruit, lemon and oranges — contains caffeine? As does the nectar of coffee plant flowers.
And when honeybees feed on caffeine-containing nectar, it turns out, the caffeine buzz seems to improve their memories — or their motivations for going back for more.
"It is surprising," says Geraldine Wright at Newcastle University in the the U.K., the lead researcher of a new honeybee study published in the journal Science.
In order to study the effects of caffeine on bees, Wright and her colleagues trained the bees, Pavlovian style, to associate a reward of food with a smell of a flower.
"It's a little bit like Pavlov's dog," explains Phil Stevenson of the Royal Botanic Garden in Kew, outside London. "When Pavlov rang the bell, the dog salivated. And in this case, when the bee detects the smell, it extends its proboscis," Stevenson says. (The proboscis is the bee's long, hairy tongue used to suck up the nectar from the flower.)
The researchers wanted to know whether the bees would respond differently to flowers that contained a caffeinated nectar, compared to those that just had sugary nectar.
And, wow, turns out there was quite a difference. The bees feeding on the caffeinated nectar were three times better able to remember the flowers' odor 24 hours later, Stevenson says.
So could this mean that a caffeinated bee has a better memory? "That's exactly what the study shows," he says.
"They [the caffeinated bees] just didn't forget," says Wright.
And the benefit of remembering? Wright says these bees may have an advantage over their pollinating competitors in terms of locating food.
So, whether the caffeine is improving bees' memories — as these researchers suggest — or simply making bees more motivated or vigilant to seek out more of the stimulant, it's intriguing that caffeine could be giving bees the same kinds of buzz that people get.
"Caffeine absolutely influences our behavior," says Abraham Palmer of the University of Chicago. "It changes mood and performance in a variety of different ways." Due to genetic differences, our individual responses to caffeine vary.
Some of the best studies on the effects of caffeine on people come from the U.S. military, where caffeine has been studied as a way to keep soldiers alert.
In one study, researchers observed the effects of caffeine on a group of sailors who were training to become Navy Seals.
During one portion of that training, they are substantially sleep deprived and exposed to a variety of other stressors, "including cold temperatures and demanding physical activities," explains researcher Harris Lieberman of the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine in Natick, Mass.
When Lieberman studied the behaviors of sailors who consumed caffeine compared to those who had a noncaffeinated placebo, he documented a range of benefits.
"We found that in moderate doses, caffeine enhanced ability to pay attention, and it enhanced vigilance," says Lieberman.
And caffeine also seemed to improve the exhausted sailors' short-term memories, something Lieberman was not expecting to see. "We were surprised that caffeine had such widespread effects," he says.
But in the absence of exhaustion, caffeine doesn't seem to help people remember any better.
"I don't think we have good data that establishes that caffeine has beneficial effects on memory," Lieberman says — at least among people who are well rested.
AUDIE CORNISH, HOST:
Most of us know what it feels like to have a little caffeine in our system. A cup of coffee wakes us up, gives us a bit of a buzz. Well, it turns out caffeinated nectar does something similar for honey bees. That's the finding of a new study published in the journal Science, as NPR's Allison Aubrey reports.
ALLISON AUBREY, BYLINE: It's too early in the year to expect to see honey bees, says researcher Phil Stevenson, especially from his perch at Royal Botanic Garden at Kew, just outside London.
PHIL STEVENSON: That's right. I mean, I've seen a couple of queens from but will be colonies around, but no honey bees as of yet. Yes, it's still a bit chilly for that.
AUBREY: But it won't be long. And Stevenson says when the bees start foraging for food in spring, they take long flights in search of nectar and then haul it back to their hives.
Now it turns out some of this nectar actually contains caffeine. Not just the nectar of coffee plants, but also citrus plants - including lemons, and oranges. So Stevenson and his colleague were curious. They wanted to know if this caffeinated nectar influenced the behavior of bees. So they designed a study.
STEVENSON: And in this study, you can train bees to associate a reward of food with a smell. It's a little bit like Pavlov's dog. When Pavlov rang the bell, the dog salivated. In this case, when the bee detects the smell, it extends its proboscis.
AUBREY: The smell came from flowers, the proboscis is the bee's long, hairy tongue used to suck up the nectar.
Now, in the study, Stevenson wanted to see whether the bees would respond differently to flowers that contained a caffeine rich nectar, compared to those that just had sugary nectar.
STEVENSON: We found that when they were taking sugar nectar with caffeine, they were three times better able to remember the flowers a day later than bees that were feeding on to sugar alone.
AUBREY: So could this mean that a caffeinated bee has a better memory?
STEVENSON: That's exactly what the study shows. We were very surprised by it, but obviously we were also very excited because it shows that bees are better able to remember a flower. And, of course, for bee this makes it better able to locate food.
AUBREY: Which is obviously a big plus in life.
Now, some researchers wonder if bees simply prefer caffeinated nectar. But whether it's improving their memories were making them more motivated to seek it out - it's intriguing that caffeine can be giving these the same kind of buzz that people get.
ABRAHAM PALMER: Caffeine absolutely influences our behavior. It changes mood and performance in a variety of different ways.
AUBREY: That's Abraham Palmer of the University of Chicago. He says due to genetic differences, our individual responses to caffeine vary. But studies show that caffeine does work on our brain's reward system, and in moderate doses can help improve attention and performance on all sorts of mental and physical tasks. Some of the best studies come from the U.S. military, where caffeine has been studied as a way to keep soldiers alert.
Researcher Harris Lieberman explains he studied a group of sailors who were training to become Navy SEALs.
HARRIS LIEBERMAN: During one portion of that training, they are substantially sleep deprived and exposed to a variety of other stressors.
AUBREY: Including cold temperatures and demanding physical activities. Lieberman says when he compared the sailor who consumed caffeine compared to those who had a non-caffeinated placebo, he documented range of benefits.
LIEBERMAN: We found that in moderate doses, caffeine enhanced ability to pay attention, it enhanced vigilance.
AUBREY: And it seemed to improve the exhausted sailors' short-term memories, something Lieberman was not expecting to see.
LIEBERMAN: We were somewhat surprised that caffeine had such widespread effects.
AUBREY: But Lieberman says, in the absence of exhaustion, caffeine doesn't seem to help people remember any better. So he doesn't think that caffeine is much of a memory booster.
LIEBERMAN: No, I don't.
AUBREY: But whether it's humans or those bees, there's clearly something about caffeine that keeps us coming back for more. Allison Aubrey, NPR News. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


text:
Imagine an app like yelp. In this case, you select the amount of stars that you want to rate something. When you do, a pre-generated text is displayed in the text input field. You can either keep this text, as it is a useful pre-generated review, or you can delete this text and write your own.
I'm trying to decide what the best way is to indicate that this text is something that you don't HAVE to use, that it's an option, not forced upon you. That it is editable.
I can: - have an icon that indicates that it is editable (pencil?) (not very clear) - have text that says e.g. "tap to edit" (a bit messy, having a hint on screen) - have the text be "selected" the moment it appears on screen. (cleanest way, but is it clear enough?)
Anything obvious i'm missing? What do you think is best?


text:
Within a single-page application, routers direct URLs to client-side methods rather than passing an HTTP request to the server. All routers contain a
routes property that maps between a partial URL and a method defined within the router. Methods within the router perform different functions including initializing views, models, and collections.
For example, the Address.Router contains the following routes property:
, 'addressbook/new': 'newAddress'
, 'addressbook/:id': 'addressDetailed'
When a user clicks on the Address Book menu item in the My Account application, the router of the Address module intercepts the partial URL (addressbook) and calls the
addressBook method. The
addressBook method is responsible for initializing the collection containing the list of addresses and initializing the view that displays them. Depending on the module, routers may initialize properties and variables required by the module. They may also contain methods that define the behavior and logic of the module.


Home / Health / Here's What Oncologists Won't Tell You About Essential Oils
Here's What Oncologists Won't Tell You About Essential Oils
The latest studies that were done, show that essential oils can be of great help when it comes to treating or curing cancer.
The human body frequency is from 62 to 78 MHz, and according to what experts say, the diseases are able to be triggered or developed at 58 MHz. Also these studies have shown that being in a bad mood or having negative thoughts can decrease the body's frequency by 12 MHz, and thinking positively and being in a good mood can increase it by 10 MHz.
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Therefore, there are many things that can affect our health in a positive or in a negative way, and we will not even be aware of that.
Since the essential oils are a rich source of antibacterial properties, the latest studies have shown that they can be very effective when it comes to fighting against cancer, they are also able to change the body's frequency too.
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Bruce Tainio is a scientist that was involved in these studies, he also made a frequency monitor, which can measure the essential oil's frequency, from there we would know how it will affect us. Also another scientist, M. Suhail reported that cancer is developed when the DNA of the nucleus in our cells is corrupted.
With the use of essential oil our body will be able to repair the code, from there decreasing the risk of developing this horrible health disease!
Therapeutic Grade Essential Oils
If you are willing to take the essential oils in order to treat some health condition or for whatever reason, you must know about their therapeutic grade. Most of the brands on the market that you can buy are low quality oils, and they are mixed together with some additives, mostly alcohol.
They will not do anything close as a natural oil will do, so it would be wise to buy your oil from a pretty trusted source.
R. O. Becker, in the book "The Body Electric" which he wrote, said that the electric frequency of our body is the main thing that determines our overall health.
Even Nikola Tesla knew that if we get rid of every outside frequency we will prevent from many diseases and ailments. And the man who discovered that each cell in our body has its own frequency, and that frequency can drop from many factors, from there triggering diseases like cancer, that man is Dr. Otto Warburg.
But the latest studies that were done have shown that the essential oils who have higher frequencies, have the ability to eliminate and prevent from diseases that have lower frequency than theirs.
A list of essential oil frequencies, these oils were used in the researches:
 - Lavender 118 MHz
 - Peppermint 78 MHz
 - Helichrysum 181 MHz
 - Sandalwood 96 MHz
 - Rose 320 MHz
 - Frankincense 147 MHz
 - Angelica 85 MHz
 - Juniper 98 MHz
Essential Oils & Their Healing Abilities
These following essential oils had the best chance to fight against the cancer, jasmine, thyme, chamomile, and cinnamon oils. The thyme eliminated 97% of the cells, while the chamomile eliminated 93%.
Scientists took a much closer look at these oils, and they discovered that the chamomile contains strong antioxidant properties, and that is the main reason why this oil is so effective in the fight against cancer cells.
In the study were included 11 oils, among which were peppermint, winter savory, sweet and bitter fennel, thyme, chamomile, lavender and sage oil.
Frankincense Oil
The nucleus of the cancer cells can be divided with the use of frankincense oil, also it will prevent from further reproduction of cancer cells. This oil is so effective, only because of the presence of a single ingredient, that ingredient is the monoterpenes, that ingredient is able to eliminate the cancer cells very easily.
The frankincense oil is cytotoxic, which means it does not harm the healthy cells, and it works in every cancer stage.
Below you can see how this oil has helped patients who were suffering from different cancer types during the research.
A Child with Brain Cancer
This case was the toughest one. A little girl was dealing with brain cancer, and she was only 5 years old. Her parents tried every option possible to cure the cancer, and the last thing that was left to hope for was the sandalwood and frankincense oil.
They created a mixture of these 2 oil and they were rubbing the oil topically on her feet, and they used the lavender oil to rub her wrist. After a couple of months, the girl was checked by the doctors and she was finally cancer free!
End-Stage Liver Cancer Patient
Also in the study there was a patient that was given only a couple of months left to live, because he was dealing with an end-state liver cancer. The tumor was too large for the doctors to operate it, so this person had nothing to lose and the decision was clear, try the frankincense oil and see how it works.
The patient was rubbing the oil topically on the area where the liver is located, and applying a few drops under the tongue. When the doctors checked him after a while, the size of the tumor was reduced and the therapy with the essential oil continued. The patient used the oil until the tumor reduced its size enough for the doctors to be able to approach it and operate it. The patient is now cancer free and healing happily after the operation!
Stage-4 Cancer Patient
During the research there was a woman with a stage-4 lung cancer, and the cancer quickly spread to many other body organs.
She did not agree with a surgery nor the chemo therapy, she turned to the natural essential oils and she chose the frankincense oil. She was applying it topically, and she applied it every 2 or 3 hours. After 7 months she was free of the cancer!
Bladder Cancer Patient
During the research there was a woman who was suffering from bladder cancer, her name was Jackie Hogan, she needed to go under surgery as quickly as possible, so that her bladder gets removed for the cancer not to spread to other organs.
But instead of that, she started using the essential oils, and after a couple of months of applying the frankincense and sandalwood oil, topically on the affected area, she was free of the cancer!
Cervical Cancer Patient
There was another woman who was diagnosed with cervical cancer, and the doctors only gave her a couple of months left to live. But the power of the frankincense oil was big enough to help her fight the cancer and defeat it in only a few months!
Breast Cancer Patient
There was another woman who was dealing with breast cancer, and she used lemongrass and frankincense oils mixed together, and she was applying it under her tongue and topically, and she defeated the cancer in a couple of months.
Many more patients cured themselves from this horrible disease with the use of these amazing essential oil. Each one of the oils are able to elevate your body's electrical frequency, and defeat every disease!
Source: _URL_
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text:
Memorial Day has just passed, it's fitting to take a look at one of the oldest facilities in the United States for housing soldiers-Jackson Barracks, in the Ninth Ward of New Orleans on St. Claude Avenue. It's been through a lot since 1833-hell and high water, literally. The old building could tell us some stories about all the military heroes, known and unknown, who served their country there, including some latter-day heroes who helped get New Orleanians out of harm's way during Hurricane Katrina. You can visit the Jackson Barracks Military Museum and see military artifacts dating back 200 years. That trip is easily combined with a visit to the Chalmette Battlefield, part of the Jean Lafitte National Park and Preserve, where you can see the site of the legendary Battle of New Orleans, fought January 8, 1815.
Jackson Barracks, originally known as New Orleans Barracks, was built after the War of 1812. The first militia, consisting of four infantry companies, were housed there in 1837. Built on the river, the original facility had a storehouse, four three-story guard towers, and a prison. It had its own levee, road, railroad, and trolley car tracks. Ulysses S. Grant, George B. McClellan, Robert E. Lee, P. G. T. Beauregard and J.E.B. Stuart, were all in these Barracks before the Civil War, although not all at once. After the Mexican-American War, it became the earliest Public Service Hospital for soldiers in the nation in 1849.


text:
Have you given a warm handshake, an icy glance, or been in a heated argument? Temperature is often associated with human behaviors—in fact, it's a phenomenon that persists across languages.
The concept is so embedded in our minds that physical temperature can affect our judgment and behavior, a growing body of research shows. One 2008 study found that subjects holding warm coffee were more likely to judge a target as warm and friendly than subjects holding iced coffee.
It all sounds innocuous until you consider that terms like "cold-blooded" and "hot-headed" refer to two very different descriptions of a similar crime: The slaying of another human.
Researchers in Switzerland and Germany set out to test if ambient temperature in a room could affect the way people judged crimes. "Words associated with coldness typically indicate that the person acted with forethought," they explain in a new paper. "Words associated with heat typically indicate that the person acted spontaneously and impulsively."
People in a cold room were twice as likely to describe a crime as murder than those in midand high-temperature rooms.
Those familiar with criminal sentencing (or Law & Order) know that the perceived intent behind a homicide has a large effect on the sentence. Pre-meditated killings tend be judged as murders and result in harsher sentences. Impulsive killings tend to result in lighter sentences.
The study, which was published this week in PLoS One, presented 133 subjects with photographs and descriptions of various crimes. They were randomly assigned to low-, mid-, or high-temperature conditions, with all conditions within an established building-code temperature comfort zone.
Participants were asked to answer "What kind of crime did this person commit?" in an open-response format. They also rated how likely the crime was impulsive and how likely it was premeditated. Two independent raters read the responses and determined prison sentences based on the language of the crime descriptions and "their lay understanding of German law." They also counted how many times the subjects described the crime as murder.
Those in the low-temperature condition were significantly more likely than subjects in the high-temperature condition to describe the crimes as premeditated and less likely to see the crimes as impulsive. They were more likely to refer to crimes as murders, and their descriptions of crimes tended to result in harsher penalties than subjects in high-temperature conditions.
Subjects in the mid-temperature condition did not significantly differ from high-temperature subjects in three out of four measurements, indicating that low temperature has a stronger effect on judgment than high temperature.
In fact, people in a cold room were twice as likely to describe a crime as murder than those in midand high-temperature rooms.
The researchers also measured other variables that might affect the results, including age, sex, outdoor temperature, and clothing—none of the factors correlated with the results.
It's a chilling discovery, and researchers indicate the effect could extend to perceptions of witnesses on the stand or judges' choices in the courtroom. If the results of this study are confirmed, perhaps 12 Angry Men would have been a shorter movie if someone had simply turned the thermostat up.


{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances, MultiParamTypeClasses, UndecidableInstances, EmptyDataDecls #-}
 The HList library
 A model of labels as needed for extensible records. As before,
 all the information about labels is recorded in their type, so
 the labels of records may be purely phantom. In general,
 Labels are exclusively type-level entities and have no run-time
 Record labels are triplets of type-level naturals, namespace,
 and description. The namespace part helps avoid confusions between
 labels from different Haskell modules. The description is
 an arbitrary nullary type constructor.
 For the sake of printing, the namespace part and the description
 are required to be the instance of Show. One must make sure that
 the show functions does not examine the value, as descr is purely phantom.
 Here's an example of the good Label description:
 data MyLabelDescr; instance Show MyLabelDescr where show _ = "descr"
 which obviously can be automated with Template Haskell.
 This model requires all labels in a record to inhabit the same namespace.
module Data.HList.Label2 where
import Data.HList.FakePrelude
import Data.HList.Record (ShowLabel(..))
-- Labels are type-level naturals
data HNat x => Label x ns desc -- labels are exclusively type-level entities
-- Construct the first label
firstLabel :: ns -> desc -> Label HZero ns desc
firstLabel = undefined
-- Construct the next label
nextLabel :: Label x ns desc -> desc' -> Label (HSucc x) ns desc'
nextLabel = undefined
-- Equality on labels (descriptions are ignored)
instance HEq x x' b
 => HEq (Label x ns desc1) (Label x' ns desc2) b
-- Show label
instance (HNat x, Show desc) => ShowLabel (Label x ns desc) where
 showLabel = show. getd
 where getd :: Label x ns desc -> desc
 getd = undefined
instance (HNat x, HNat2Integral x,Show ns) => Show (Label x ns desc) where
 show l = unwords ["L",show ((hNat2Integral x)::Integer), show ns]
 where geti :: Label x ns desc -> (x,ns) -- for the sake of Hugs
 geti = undefined
 (x,ns) = geti l


text:
Arizona Trail now a National Scenic Trail
It has been 25 years since a new National Scenic Trail has been designated in America. That has now changed.
On March 30, 2009, President Obama signed the Omnibus Public Lands Bill passed last week by Congress. The bill includes the prestigious designation of the Arizona Trail as a National Scenic Trail. In addition to the Arizona Trail, the Pacific Northwest Trail and New England Trail joined an exclusive group of eight existing National Scenic Trails.
Traversing the state for more than 800 miles, the Arizona Trail route begins at the state's southern border with Mexico and ends at the northern border with Utah. It links deserts, mountains, canyons, communities and people.
Construction on 95% of the Arizona Trail has been completed. Volunteers and agency partners are working diligently to build the last 40 miles, filling in the few remaining gaps in the trail's statewide continuous pathway.
The vision of a Flagstaff fifth grade school teacher named Dale Shewalter, the trail building began in 1985 in northern Arizona. (It) winds its way through some of the state's most scenic, wild backcountry, luring adventurers into the remote regions that have drawn photographers from around the world to capture images of the state's diverse topography and ecosystems.
The Arizona Trail Association was formed in 1994 to take on the leadership required to build, maintain, promote, protect and sustain the trail statewide. For more information about the Arizona Trail, go to _URL_.
(Excerpted from ATA Email)
++ New Posts ++


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I would like to ask if anybody knows any result on the least number of edges the maximum simple cycle of connected cubic bridgeless graphs, must have. Thanks
share|cite|improve this question
1 Answer 1
up vote 5 down vote accepted
So you are looking for the circumference of a connected cubic bridgeless graph $G$. Since a bridgeless cubic graph is immediately 2-connected, Bondy and Entringer showed in the paper
Longest cycles in 2-connected graphs with prescribed maximum degree, Canadian Journal of Mathematics, 1980,
that $G$ contains a cycle of length at least $4 (\log_2 n - \log_2\log_2 n - 5)$. And a graph which meets the bound is provided in the result Über längste Kreise in regulären Graphen by Lang and Walther, so this is the best possible.
For the reference, see Longest cycles in 3-connected cubic graphs by Bill Jackson. If the graph is 3-connected, then the bound can be improved to $\Omega(n^c)$ with $c\approx 0.69$, and there are efficient algorithm approximately finding a long cycle in $G$.
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Hsien-Chih the bound you provide is negative for n<256, so for most practical graphs – N27 Jan 10 '11 at 3:12
_USER_: Oops so you need a bound for small size graphs. Maybe you can put the requirement in your question, and there may be someone who knows the answer. (I have no idea what the bound is when the graph is small, it seems like the result above is for sufficiently large n.) – Hsien-Chih Chang 張顯之 Jan 10 '11 at 3:29
_USER_-Chih There is something wrong with this bound obviously, since for 100,000 vertices it gives a cycle of length 30. Maybe they refer to something else in their publication. However, this problem doesn't seem trivial. – N27 Jan 10 '11 at 3:33
_USER_: I'm not sure if the bound is wrong. There are cubic bridgeless graphs with a large number of nodes with small maximum cycle. Take this graph for example. (This graph may not meet our bound, but it gives intuition.) – Hsien-Chih Chang 張顯之 Jan 10 '11 at 3:50
@ Hsien-Chih Chang, actually I learned what I wanted from the example of Dr. Eppstein, since what I needed was a counterexample of a cubic bridgeless graph with a max simple cycle of less than n/2 vertices. – N27 Jan 12 '11 at 5:31
Your Answer


text:
This crossword clue is for the definition: Kvbrick opvs?.
it's A 13 letters crossword puzzle definition.
Next time, when searching for online help with your puzzle, try using the search term "Kvbrick opvs? crossword" or "Kvbrick opvs? crossword clue". The possible answerss for Kvbrick opvs? are listed below.
Did you find what you needed?
We hope you did!.
Possible Answers: MMI.
Last seen on: LA Times Crossword 13 Apr 2018, Friday
Random information on the term "MMI":
The user interface (UI), in the industrial design field of human–computer interaction, is the space where interactions between humans and machines occur. The goal of this interaction is to allow effective operation and control of the machine from the human end, whilst the machine simultaneously feeds back information that aids the operators' decision-making process. Examples of this broad concept of user interfaces include the interactive aspects of computer operating systems, hand tools, heavy machinery operator controls, and process controls. The design considerations applicable when creating user interfaces are related to or involve such disciplines as ergonomics and psychology.
Generally, the goal of user interface design is to produce a user interface which makes it easy (self-explanatory), efficient, and enjoyable (user-friendly) to operate a machine in the way which produces the desired result. This generally means that the operator needs to provide minimal input to achieve the desired output, and also that the machine minimizes undesired outputs to the human.


text:
The winters in Pennsylvania can be dangerous, both on the roads and on the sidewalks and walkways. Snow and ice can build up pretty quickly, and you can easily lose your footing, leading to serious injury. What's the responsibility of a property owner in Pennsylvania to keep sidewalks, driveways and other thoroughfares free of ice and snow?
First, it's important to understand that there's no absolute duty in Pennsylvania to keep pathways cleared of ice and snow. Given the climate in the state, that's generally considered an unrealistic expectation. What has evolved, though, through the opinions of judges—the common law—is what is known as the "hills and ridges" rule.
The Hills and Ridges Rule
According to the hills and ridges rule, a property owner in Pennsylvania will only be liable for injuries suffered in a slip and fall if the following criteria can be shown:
- There was an accumulation of ice or snow in ridges or in elevations that unreasonably obstructed pedestrian travel and constituted an unreasonable danger
- The property owner knew or should have known about the accumulation of snow or ice
- The accumulation of ice or snow was the actual cause of the slip and fall
With this rule, property owners are virtually excluded from liability for injuries sustained due to black ice or freshly fallen snow, as it would be unreasonable for them to know about or anticipate every potentially dangerous situation. However, if a landowner has prior notice that a particular spot is more susceptible to accumulation, that can change the duty, as it would then be reasonable to expect a buildup.
There are exceptions to the application of the hills and ridges rule:
- It does not apply if dangerous conditions were created by an artificial means—a broken water pipe, for example
- It does not apply when the buildup resulted from the property owner's negligence, such as a stopped up storm drain
Contact Our Office
At Barnard, Mezzanotte, Pinnie, Seelaus & Kraft LLP, we offer experienced and knowledgeable legal counsel to individuals in Pennsylvania. To set up an appointment for a free initial consultation, call us at _PHONE_ or _PHONE_ or contact us online


text:
Definition of venereal disease in English:
A disease typically contracted by sexual intercourse with a person already infected; a sexually transmitted disease: gonorrhoea is the commonest venereal disease [mass noun]: prostitutes were detained if found to have venereal disease
More example sentences
- The biggest health problems are tuberculosis, venereal diseases, malaria, trachoma, typhoid fever, and dysentery.
- And nearly 50 percent are infected with venereal diseases like syphilis that greatly increase their chances of contracting HIV.
- He claimed he had suffered from a serious infection resulting from a venereal disease he contracted from the rapes.
Definition of venereal disease in:
- US English dictionary
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
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Data from: Warning signal brightness variation: sexual selection may work under the radar of natural selection in populations of a polytypic poison frog
Citation
Crothers, Laura Rose; Cummings, Molly E. (2013), Data from: Warning signal brightness variation: sexual selection may work under the radar of natural selection in populations of a polytypic poison frog, Dryad, Dataset, _URL_
Abstract
Though theory predicts consistency of warning signals in aposematic species to facilitate predator learning, variation in these signals often occurs in nature. The strawberry poison frog, Dendrobates pumilio, is an exceptionally polytypic aposematic frog exhibiting variation in warning color and brightness. In the Solarte population, males and females both respond differentially to male brightness variation. Here, we demonstrate through spectrophotometry and visual modeling that variation in aposematic brightness within this population is likely visible to two putative predators (crabs, snakes) and conspecifics, but not to the presumed major predator (birds). This study thus suggests that signal brightness within D. pumilio populations can be shaped by sexual selection, with limited opportunity for natural selection to influence this trait due to predator sensory constraints. As changes in signal brightness can ultimately lead to changes in hue, our findings at the within-population level can provide insights into understanding this polytypism at across-population scales.
Usage Notes
References


text:
The Magere Brug ("Skinny Bridge") is a bridge over the river Amstel in the city centre of Amsterdam. It connects the banks of the river at Kerkstraat street, between the Keizersgracht and Prinsengracht canals.
The Magere Brug is a bascule bridge made of white-painted wood. The present bridge was built in 1934. The first bridge at this site was built in 1691 as Kerkstraatbrug and had 13 arches. Because this bridge was very small, the locals called it Magere brug, which means small or skinny bridge. In 1871 the state of the bridge was so bad that it was demolished and replaced by a nine-arched wooden bridge. Fifty years later this bridge also needed to be replaced. Architect Piet Kramer made several designs for a steel and stone bridge, but the city decided to replace it with a new bridge that looked the same as the previous, only slightly bigger. In 1934 the bridge was demolished and replaced. The last major renovation was in 1969. Until 1994 the bridge was opened by hand, but now is opened automatically.
Use of the bridge has been limited to pedestrians and cyclists since 2003. It is however opened many times a day in order to let through river traffic. The boats used for sightseeing tours are low enough to pass underneath the bridge when closed. The bridge is decorated with 1200 light bulbs that are illuminated in the evening.
Every year on V-E Day (Dutch: bevrijdingsdag) there is a concert next to the bridge, which Queen Beatrix usually attends.
The bridge can be seen in a number of films, such as the James Bond film Diamonds Are Forever from 1971.


8
I'm using QGIS 3.16 Hannover and I've got a vector layer of provinces with animal species names as attributes. If the species has been detected in the province, the value of the attribute is X; if there are breeding records, the value is R; otherwise the value is NULL.
I'm producing a map for each species and I'm using the categorized layer style for displaying the provinces where the species is present. Is there a way of automatically display the selected attribute name (i.e. the species) in the print composer?
enter image description here
2 Answers 2
12
I think that Atlas feature is what you seeking for (see Documentation). For this case I have a workaround with Atlas. Trick is that instead of iterating through geometries I use list of former field names (species names):
 1. Create .csv with field names in one column and load it into QGIS enter image description here
 2. Set this csv layer as Covarage layer in Atlas settings (layout window) and as Page name choose the column with the species names. enter image description here
 The Page name will be used to identify the atlas page, and also its values can be referenced in expressions using the @atlas_pagename variable. You now have the Atlas set up that will generate one page for each species name.
 3. Set the polygon layer symbology - as Value for categorized symbology use this expression: attribute(@atlas_pagename)
 The attribute() expression returns value of attribute of given field name (i.e. attribute('species_1') returns the same result as when you directly select the attribute species_1). However, we need this value to change (species_1, species_2 etc.) according to the page of the atlas. Thus we have to use @atlas_pagename variable which returns value of page name of current atlas feature. This causes iteration through the fields of the polygon layer because their names are identical to those in the Page name of the Covarage layer (csv table) used in atlas.
 Now you have to manually add the two categories and set their symbols (other solution is use of Rule-based symbology with expression such as attribute(@atlas_pagename) = 'X' and so on)
enter image description here
 1. Prepare your layout. For displaying the species name just add text (Add Label) and select the name of the field with species names.
enter image description here
Preview the result:
enter image description here
2
 - 1
 Your solution really works, but I can't actually understand WHY does it work. Could you please explain the process underneath step 3?
 – jpinilla
 Feb 8, 2022 at 14:17
 - 1
 @JesúsPinilla Of course, sorry I was focused on writing the solution and missed some details (also in step 2). Also use of $currentfeature in expression is unnecessary in this case. Hope, it is more understandable now.
 – Oto Kaláb
 Feb 9, 2022 at 12:32
6
One option can be create a new project variable, in the Variables tab of the Project Properties menu. And store in the value of that variable the name of the field to apply the symbology.
For example, you can create a new variable named project_symbology_field and store the value Taeniopygia castanotis.
At the symbology of the layer, the value must be the expression:
eval( @project_symbology_field)
At the title of the legend, or in a text item or where you want the name of the field, you can use the expression: @project_symbology_field
To change the field to symbolize, you need to update the value of the variable with other field name.
You can also use some categories instead of the field names, and use a expression like:
CASE
 WHEN @proyect_symbology_field = 1 THEN "Taeniopygia castanotis"
 WHEN @proyect_symbology_field = 2 THEN "Other field name"
END
1
 - Thank you for the idea, but I think it doesn't make much a difference than typing the species' name manually in each map, unless I'm missing something.
 – jpinilla
 Feb 5, 2022 at 10:58
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text:
Riser Pressure Sensor
The stand pipe pressure sensor
Stand pipe pressure sensor is mainly used for measuring the riser pressure value. Can be used to measure slurry, cement, acid.
Working principle: mud acid, cement, through high pressure hose to transfer pressure source to the stand pipe pressure gauge and the recorder. The stand pipe pressure maximum pressure can reach 103 mpa.
1. When there is no lag linear pressure signal transmission, can protect the measuring or recording equipment from the erosion of working fluid.
2. Strong riser pressure sensor is used widely, realize to detect various did not work.
3. Robust design for outdoor brought convenient in maintenance and repair.
4. The connection flange type, screw type and welding structure.
5. You can choose the riser pressure sensor or 1:1 riser pressure sensor
|Pressure Sensor Diaphragm protector
|7 Mpa, 14 Mpa, 21Mpa, 35Mpa, 42Mpa,80Mpa, 100Mpa
|Standard export packing


How to Disable YouTube History
Explore this Article Disabling YouTube Search History Disabling YouTube Watch History Ask a Question Related Articles References
If you don't like how Google stores your YouTube search and watch history, you can disable it.
1
Disabling YouTube Search History
 1. 1
 Go to the Google My Activity page. Go to myactivity.google.com. If you're not signed in, do so now.
 2. 2
 Click "Activity controls". It's on the left sidebar.
 3. 3
 Scroll down and locate "YouTube Search History". It's right under "Voice & Audio Activity".
 4. 4
 Turn off YouTube Search History. Toggle off the blue switch, right across "YouTube Search History".
 5. 5
 Confirm the change. Click PAUSE to do so.
 6. 6
 Finished. Note that any previous YouTube search history will be kept. You may want to read How to Clear Your YouTube History.
2
Disabling YouTube Watch History
 1. 1
 Go to the Google My Activity page. Go to myactivity.google.com. If you're not signed in, do so now.
 2. 2
 Click "Activity controls". It's on the left sidebar.
 3. 3
 Scroll down and locate "YouTube Watch History". It's right under "YouTube Search History".
 4. 4
 Turn off YouTube Watch History. Toggle off the blue switch, right across "YouTube Watch History".
 5. 5
 Confirm the change. Click PAUSE to do so.
 6. 6
 Finished. Note that any previous YouTube search history will be kept. You may want to read How to Clear Your YouTube History.
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text:
A Ditch Witch and Ways in Which It Is Used For
When people read more here or hear of the term construction, what appears on their mind are employees wearing hard hats and driving forklifts. Nevertheless, so much construction that is important for our civilization is done beneath the surface. Today, we are talking concerning underground construction. This article is going to reveal a lot about the basic classification of underground construction and which equipment it depends on.
In case no mining was being carried out, so much of what we depend on such as baking soda as well as smartphones would not be available. Our dependence on minerals and many underground resources continues to go up with the increasing population. This makes mining expeditions to be among the most crucial underground construction projects going on.
While most of the sewers got dug more than 100 years that have passed, the underground passage of electricity, telephone, and gas, among others are not growing any young. Add in the urbanization going on in many areas, tunneling becomes a kind of construction we constantly need to adapt. From subways used for emission reduction to reliable utilities, tunnels are helpful in the moving forward of the world.
Finally, consider the building you are in right now. Anyway, no structure that stands was built beginning from the top downwards. They are all started with digging underground. This way, foundations that exist more than the years we live and storage areas such as basements get built. Underground facilities are used by military and a big number of important organizations in crucial conducting operations, planning and research.
It is worth mentioning that most of the steps made in the betterment of the underground constructions mentioned earlier would be made less effective if the ditch witch was not invented. Before the first ditch was developed for about 80 years ago, excavation began with a standard pick or shovel. It was out of necessity that this product got developed. The people who tried to seriously create networks of under passage utility lines required a solution. Today, ditch witch expands beyond trenchers.
However, everything started with the trencher. This caused a revolution in access to utilities more so in the rural areas. The average homeowners also made good use of them. The very first person to purchase a ditch witch used it to install a sprinkler system that was on his property. As can be seen, ditch witch has amazing roles in the way we live on the surface. Also, the need for a ditch witch, although was initially needed for one project has also assisted the market of renting tools as well as equipment to move forward and homeowners still use it up to date.


CBC Digital Archives
Lesson Plan: For Teachers - The Notwithstanding Clause: A Classroom Debate
History, Political Science
2 lessons
To support and debate a given position on the use of the notwithstanding clause
Students will research and debate the use of the notwithstanding clause to limit rights under the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
Lesson Plan
Before Exploring
Write the term "notwithstanding clause" on the board. Ask students if they are familiar with this section of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Explain to students that the notwithstanding clause allows federal or provincial governments to pass a law that violates rights and freedoms in the Charter as long as it is reviewed every five years and approved by the respective legislature. Essentially, governments can opt out of section 2 and sections 7 to 15 of the Charter.
Explain that the Quebec government passed a language law in 1977 that restricted the use of the English language, particularly on public signs and in businesses. In 1988, the law was challenged as a violation of the Charter and held to be unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of Canada. Nevertheless, the Bourassa government used the notwithstanding clause to allow the government to opt out of the Charter and enable French-language-only sign laws to prevail.
Ask students to work with a partner and discuss if Charter rights should be limited. Should there be an opt-out clause in the Charter? Share and discuss student responses.
Outline the Opportunity
Direct students to the topic Fighting Words: Bill 101 on the CBC Digital Archives website. In small groups, have students browse the clips "'French in Quebec: it's a plus,'" "Bill 101's first legal blow," "Mr. Singer goes to court" and "Bourassa's dilemma" and then conduct further research by examining the clips "The 1988 Supreme Court decision on signs,", "Defending his decision" and "Quebecers on the Supreme Court decision."
With their group members, have students take notes assessing the pros and cons of using the notwithstanding clause. They will use their notes to develop arguments for a class debate.
Select and present one of the following resolutions:
 - Be it resolved that the notwithstanding clause is a viable option to be used by federal and provincial governments to limit the application of the Charter.
 - Be it resolved that the notwithstanding clause allows for an unacceptable violation of rights and freedoms.
Assign each group either the 'for' or 'against' position, then pair up groups and have them debate the resolution in front of the class.
Assessment Tip: Download and distribute the Debate Rubric. Students can use it to guide their own preparation and later to score the debates.
Revisit and Reflect
Have students vote on which group won their respective debate. Ask: Which arguments were the most persuasive? Did your personal opinion change as a result of any of the debates?
Assessment Tip: Look for a clear summary of the pros and cons of the debated issue.
Students can write a one-page position paper to support or criticize the use of the notwithstanding clause to limit constitutional rights. They should use three arguments to support their position.
Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Download PDF
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Kafka In the Cloud: Why It's 10x Better With Confluent | Get free eBook
An Introduction to Apache Kafka Security: Securing Real-Time Data Streams
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The largest companies in the world use Apache Kafka® for their real-time streaming data pipelines and applications. Kafka is the basis for the real-time fraud text alerts from your bank and the network-connected medical devices used in your local hospital. Securing customer or patient data as it flows through the Kafka system is crucial. However, out of the box, Kafka has relatively little security enabled. This blog post previews the free Confluent Developer course that teaches the basics of securing your Apache Kafka-based system.
Introduction to Kafka security
There are some basic requirements before you can get started securing your Kafka system. You first need a basic familiarity with authentication, authorization, encryption, and audit logs in Kafka.
When you're ready to plan your overall security strategy, consider these factors first to help guide you to the right solutions and implementations:
 - Know your corporate security policy
 - Identify any industry or regulatory requirements that govern your data processing capabilities
 - Consider the environment in which you plan to deploy your solution
 - Understand there are additional performance costs associated with added security; the more secure your cluster, the more resources you need, in particular heightened CPU usage
Throughout the system, all data should be encrypted so that it can't be read in transit or at rest. Additionally, all operations should be recorded in an audit log so that there is an audit trail in the case of a security breach or misconfigured cluster.
Hands-on: Create a secure connection to your Kafka cluster
To get started quickly, we use Confluent Cloud to run Kafka. This module shows you how to sign up for a free Confluent Cloud account, create a new cluster and topic as well as produce and consume some messages, all done securely with an encrypted connection.
Kafka authentication basics
In a Kafka-based system, many different interactions begin with participants authenticating the components with which they are communicating. For example, when a connection is established between a client (a user, application, or service) and a broker, each side of the connection will usually wish to verify the other. Internally in Kafka, a client's identity is represented using a KafkaPrincipal object, or principal. For example, if you connect to Kafka and authenticate with a username and password, the principal associated with the connection will represent your username.
The same holds true when two brokers connect—each may verify the other. Another authentication scenario is a broker accessing ZooKeeper, whereby the broker may be required to authenticate before being allowed to access sensitive cluster metadata.
Your principal is used to assign your authorizations in the target system, as you will learn in the Authorization module, and it is also used to log details of any permissible operation you perform—as you will learn in the Audit Logs module.
Authorization
Authorization determines what an entity can do once it has been authenticated by the Kafka system. Once a broker has authenticated a client's identity, it determines the actions that the client is able to execute—whether creating a topic or producing or consuming a message.
Kafka uses access control lists (ACLs) to specify which users are allowed to perform which operations on specific resources or groups of resources. Recall that each connection is assigned a principal when it is first opened. This is what gets assigned the identity. Each ACL contains a principal, a permission type, an operation, a resource type (e.g., cluster, topic, or group), and a name. You can use the kafka-acls command-line tool to create ACLs.
If you work in a large organization or have a large cluster topology, you might find it inefficient to specify ACLs for each individual user principal. Instead, you might wish to assign users to groups or differentiate them based on roles. You can accomplish this with Kafka, but you will need to do several things: you need an external system that allows you to associate individuals with roles and/or groups, something like an LDAP store; you need to apply ACLs to resources based not only on users but also on roles and groups; finally, you need to implement a custom authorizer that can call your external system to find the roles and groups for a given principal.
Encryption
This module teaches you how to encrypt the data, set up certificates, encrypt your data at rest, and set strict filesystem permissions. You may wish to go even further and encrypt your data from start to finish, which you also learn how to do in this module. (The only way that you might be able to not use encryption is if your Kafka system fully resides in a secure and isolated network, and you don't have to answer to any authorities or auditors.)
Encryption uses mathematical techniques to scramble data so that it is unreadable by those who don't have the right key, and it also protects the data's integrity so that you can determine if it was tampered with during its journey. The simplest encryption setup consists of encrypted traffic between clients and the cluster, which is important if clients access the cluster through an unsecured network such as the public internet.
Hands-on: Set up encryption
Each "Hands-on" module is designed as an exercise to walk you through how to put a lot of the things we've talked about so far into practice. In this module, you follow along step-by-step, add an SSL listener to your brokers, create a CA, create broker keystores, import the CA into your broker keystore, and configure the SSL properties.
Hands-on: Require encryption for broker traffic
After learning to enable SSL on your Kafka brokers, you can now take it even further by creating the Kafka client truststore and importing the CA, configuring the Kafka client to encrypt data in transit using SSL, and requiring SSL for client-broker traffic.
Securing ZooKeeper
If you chose to run Kafka with ZooKeeper, you also need to consider how to secure ZooKeeper, as it stores a lot of important cluster configuration and security information, and encrypted versions of user passwords if you are using Kafka's SASL/SCRAM provider.
There are two ways to secure ZooKeeper: SSL and SASL. No matter which one you use, you need to update your broker configuration to make sure that secure ACLs in ZooKeeper are associated with the metadata in ZooKeeper. These ACLs specify that the metadata can be read by everyone but only changed by the brokers. Sensitive metadata, such as SCRAM credentials, is an exception: it can only be read by the brokers by default.
Audit logs
In this module, you'll learn procedures for protecting your system against targeted attacks. For example, a rogue client may spawn fake messages or you may experience a DDoS-style attack on broker resources. If one of these happened, how would you know you had been targeted, and how could you identify the perpetrators as well as the sequence of events? Furthermore, is there a way that you can prevent future attacks?
Audit logs help because they provide records of everything that has happened on a system. Specifically, they provide:
 - Insight: They provide insight into situations such as trying to determine if a particular group of users was successful in authenticating and getting access to the correct broker resources after a new ACL was added
 - Security: They enhance security by letting you identify anomalies and unauthorized operations in the historical record so that you can take action as quickly as possible
 - Impact: They let you see who, as well as which services, have been impacted by unusual activities so that you can communicate with stakeholders as the situation progresses
 - Compliance: They enable you to generate audit reports according to internal policies and external regulations, and also provide an official record in the event of a security breach
Apache Kafka doesn't provide audit logging out of the box. It does, however, support comprehensive audit logging with Log4j, which can be configured to deliver events from separate logger instances to separate destinations (typically files). By configuring separate appenders for the log4j.properties file on each broker, you can capture detailed information for auditing, monitoring, and debugging purposes.
Security recommendations
The final module for this course reviews some general recommendations as well as a security checklist. The checklist won't cover all use cases but it should serve as a useful outline.
Next steps
Learn more about Kafka Security by taking the full course on Confluent Developer.
Start the Course
Here are some additional resources where you can learn more about Kafka's security features:
 - Amani Newton is a technical writer and content designer partnered with Confluent. Her past and present clients include Google, Meta, and eBay.
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Quality of Life Comparison
If you lived in Tajikistan instead of Peru, you would:
be 27.9% less likely to be obese
In Peru, 19.7% of adults are obese as of 2016. In Tajikistan, that number is 14.2% of people as of 2016.
live 5.7 years less
In Peru, the average life expectancy is 75 years (73 years for men, 77 years for women) as of 2020. In Tajikistan, that number is 69 years (66 years for men, 72 years for women) as of 2020.
be 65.2% less likely to be unemployed
In Peru, 6.9% of adults are unemployed as of 2017. In Tajikistan, that number is 2.4% as of 2016.
pay a 56.7% lower top tax rate
Peru has a top tax rate of 30.0% as of 2016. In Tajikistan, the top tax rate is 13.0% as of 2016.
make 76.3% less money
Peru has a GDP per capita of $13,500 as of 2017, while in Tajikistan, the GDP per capita is $3,200 as of 2017.
be 38.8% more likely to be live below the poverty line
In Peru, 22.7% live below the poverty line as of 2014. In Tajikistan, however, that number is 31.5% as of 2016.
be 80.7% less likely to die during childbirth
In Peru, approximately 88.0 women per 100,000 births die during labor as of 2017. In Tajikistan, 17.0 women do as of 2017.
have 28.2% more children
In Peru, there are approximately 17.0 babies per 1,000 people as of 2020. In Tajikistan, there are 21.8 babies per 1,000 people as of 2020.
be 72.5% more likely to die during infancy
In Peru, approximately 16.7 children die before they reach the age of one as of 2020. In Tajikistan, on the other hand, 28.8 children do as of 2020.
Basic Needs
be 58.2% less likely to have internet access
In Peru, approximately 52.5% of the population has internet access as of 2018. In Tajikistan, about 22.0% do as of 2018.
spend 33.3% more on education
Peru spends 3.9% of its total GDP on education as of 2017. Tajikistan spends 5.2% of total GDP on education as of 2015.
Tajikistan: At a glance
How big is Tajikistan compared to Peru? See an in-depth size comparison.
The statistics on this page were calculated using the following data sources: National Center of Legislation under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, The World Factbook, Superintendencia Nacional de Aduanas y de Administración Tributaria.
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Using the SMPH Departmental VPN
Running and adding users to the VPN used by SMPH departments for access to network resources
SMPH has created a mechanism to allow each department to provide a dedicated VPN service that allows users in that department to access some network services. After an individual has their NetID added to the appropriate Manifest group and then connects to the SMPH VPN portal they will be allocated an IP number in a range that allows access to departmental resources. There are a few steps involved:
Step 1: Configure access by the department:
Each department is assigned a Manifest group that is used to control which users are allowed to connect to that department's VPN service.The groups are in a path created for SMPH VPN access.The department IT manager adds (or removes) NetIDs to the Manifest group members as needed:
Step 2: Users run the Global Protect VPN client and authenticate to the SMPH VPN portal ( using their NetID:
Global protect
Step 3: Check status of clients connected to SMPHSF. If you have read access to the Palo Alto find the SMPHSF gateway on the Network tab and click on Remote Users:
VPN portal users
Information on connected clients is shown as follows:
user clients