text:
The current study examined relationships between children's ethnic produce exposure and healthy dietary practices among Latino, Hmong and non-Hispanic white children. One hundred Latino, 100 Hmong, and 92 non-Hispanic white parents of children ages 5–8 years old in northern California completed a cross-sectional survey. Children's exposure to ethnic produce from Hmong and Latino cultures, overall fruit and vegetable consumption, and fast food and ethnic restaurant use were measured. The Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests were used to compare variables across different ethnic groups. Spearman's correlation was used to assess the relationship between variables. Children's overall ethnic produce exposure, as well as exposure to produce from other cultures, was significantly correlated with overall fruit and vegetable consumption. There was a marginal (p = 0.053) negative association between ethnic produce exposure and fast food restaurant use among Latino children. These findings suggest that promoting ethnic produce is an effective strategy for enhancing healthy dietary practices among children.
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Ogden C, Carroll M: Prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents: United States, trends 1963–1965 through 2007–2008. National Center for Health Statistics; 2010. _URL_ Accessed on 16 Apr 2013.
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Mulasi-Pokhriyal U, Smith C, Franzen-Castle L. Investigating dietary acculturation and intake among US-born and Thailand/Laos-born Hmong-American children aged 9–18 years. Public Health Nutr. 2012;15(1):176–85.
Franzen L, Smith C. Differences in stature, BMI, and dietary practices between US born and newly immigrated Hmong children. Soc Sci Med. 2009;69(3):442–50.
Harrison GG, Kim LP, Kagawa-Singer M. Perceptions of diet and physical activity among California Hmong adults and youths. Prev Chronic Dis. 2007;4(4):1–12.
Satia JA. Dietary acculturation and the nutrition transition: an overview. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2010;35(2):219–23.
Liu JH, Chu YH, Frongillo EA, Probst JC. Generation and acculturation status are associated with dietary intake and body weight in Mexican American adolescents. J Nutr. 2012;142(2):298–305.
Larson NI, Story MT, Nelson MC. Neighborhood environments: disparities in access to healthy foods in the U.S. Am J Prev Med. 2009;36(1):74–81.
Bowman SA, Gortmaker SL, Ebbeling CB, Pereira MA, Ludwig DS. Effects of fast-food consumption on energy intake and diet quality among children in a national household survey. Pediatrics. 2004;113(1 Pt 1):112–8.
Carter S, Goto K, Schuldberg J, Wolff C. Perceived barriers to recommended diet and physical activity patterns among ethnically diverse middle school students. Calif J Health Promot. 2007;5(4):21–31.
Cullen KW, Baranowski T, Rittenberry L, Olvera N. Social-environmental influences on children's diets: results from focus groups with African-, Euro- and Mexican-American children and their parents. Health Educ Res. 2000;15(5):581–90.
Adekunle B, Filson G, Sethuratnam S, Cidroa D. Acculturation and consumption: examining the consumption behavior of people of Afro-Caribbean descent in Canada. J Agric Food Syst Commun Dev. 2011;2(1):297–313.
Goto K, Vue WM, Xiong T, Wolff C. Divergent perspectives on food, culture, and health among Hmong mothers with middle-school children. Food Cult Soc Int J Multidiscip Res. 2010;13(2):181–200.
Greder K, de Slowing FR, Doudna K. Latina immigrant mothers: negotiating new food environments to preserve cultural food practices and healthy child eating. Family Consum Sci Res. 2012;41(2):145–60.
Adekunle B, Filson G, Sethuratnam S. Culturally appropriate vegetables and economic development. A contextual analysis. Appetite. 2012;59(1):148–54.
Verbeke W, López GP. Ethnic food attitudes and behaviour among Belgians and Hispanics living in Belgium. Br Food J. 2005;107(11):823–40.
Galloway AT, Lee Y, Birch LL. Predictors and consequences of food neophobia and pickiness in young girls. J Am Diet Assoc. 2003;103(6):692–8.
Goto K, Phillips J, Bianco-Simeral S. Consumer perceptions of locally grown ethnic food products at farmers' markets. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2010;42(4S):S88.
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Corlett J, Dean E, Grivetti L. Hmong gardens: botanical diversity in an urban setting. Econ Bot. 2003;57(3):365–79.
Hanni KD, Garcia E, Ellemberg C, Winkleby M. Targeting the taqueria: implementing healthy food options at Mexican American restaurants. Health Promot Pract. 2009;10(2 Suppl):91S–9S.
National Cancer Institute. NHANES Food Questionnaire 2004. _URL_ Accessed on June 17, 2013.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. 2003–2004 Data documentation, codebook, and frequencies. 2008. _URL_ Accessed on June 17 2013.
Zhao Y, Wolff C, Bianco-Simeral S, Goto K: Food-related cultural practices among culturally diverse parents of K-2 children are associated with children's fruit and vegetable consumption. J Hunger Environ Nutr. (in press).
Clair RP, Holyoak IC, Hill TE, Rajan P, Angeli EL, Carrio ML, Dillard S, Kumar R, Sastry S. Engaging cultural narratives of the ethnic restaurant: discursive practices of hybridity, authenticity, and commoditization. Stud Symb Interact. 2011;37:135–61.
Befort C, Kaur H, Nollen N, Sullivan DK, Nazir N, Choi WS, Hornberger L, Ahluwalia JS. Fruit, vegetable, and fat intake among non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white adolescents: associations with home availability and food consumption settings. J Am Diet Assoc. 2006;106(3):367–73.
This study was funded by a grant from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture—Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) program (Grant/Award #: 2011-69001-30080). The authors would like to thank the study participants and research assistants for their support.
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, Q., Goto, K., Wolff, C. et al. Relationships Between Children's Exposure to Ethnic Produce and Their Dietary Behaviors. J Immigrant Minority Health 17, 383–388 (2015). _URL_
- Ethnic produce
- Fruit and vegetable consumption


text:
Translation of surface structure in Spanish:
- (Linguistics)Example sentences
- Possibly, the present verbal dual task interferes mostly with the phonological surface structure of the spatial sentence and not with the underlying propositional content.
- That is, switching should occur at points where the surface structures of the two languages map onto each other.
- The theory postulates that the two sentences have the same order in deep structure, but the question transformation changes the order to that in surface structure.
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Index - 1, emptyFieldsExistAfterCurrent { // 2
 textField.returnKeyType = .next
 }
 else { // 3
 textField.returnKeyType = .done
 }
 }
}
As before, we save the textFields array in a local constant (1) and we bail out if we can't find the index of the passed in textField (2).
We then have a decision to make:
 - If we're not on the last textField and we have empty fields after the current, the return key should be .next (2).
 - If we're on the last textField, or all fields after the current one are filled, the return key should be .done (3).
Lastly, the logic for tapping on the Next/Return key is slightly trickier and we'll finally see why we used an ArraySlice above:
extension NextTextFieldHandler {
 func handleReturnKeyTapped(on textField: UITextField) {
 let textFields = self.textFields // 1
 guard let currentIndex = textFields.index(of: textField) else { return } // 2
 let fieldsAfterCurrent = fields(after: textField) // 3
 let nextEmptyIndex = fieldsAfterCurrent
 .firstIndex { $0.text?.isEmpty != false } // 4
 ?? textFields.index(currentIndex, offsetBy: 1, limitedBy: textFields.endIndex - 1) // 5
 ?? textFields.endIndex - 1 // 6
 let emptyFieldsExistAfterCurrent = emptyFieldsExist(after: textField)
 if currentIndex == textFields.endIndex - 1 || !emptyFieldsExistAfterCurrent { // 7
 textField.resignFirstResponder()
 }
 else { // 8
 textFields[nextEmptyIndex].becomeFirstResponder()
 }
 }
}
As always, we first save the textFields array in a local constant (1) and we bail out if we can't find the index of the passed in textField (2). We then get the next fields after the one passed in as a slice (3) and find the index of the first empty field (4), falling back to the next text field if that fails (5), falling back yet again on the last text field if that also fails (6).
We now have another decision to make:
 - If we're on the last textField or all fields after the current one are filled, resign first responder (7).
 - If we're not on the last textField and we have empty fields after the current one, focus the first empty textField after the current one (8).
And here's where we need the ArraySlice. Let's take the previous example to go through it:
 - textFields = [field1, field2, field3, field4].
 - We're on field1, and the first empty text field is field3, which has an index of 2.
 - fields(after: field1) return [field2, field3, field4] with indices [1, 2, 3].
 - firstIndex { $0.text?.isEmpty != false } (4) would return index 2, as it should.
 - textFields[nextEmptyIndex].becomeFirstResponder() will focus the correct field, field3.
If we wouldn't use a slice, fields(after: field) would still return field2, field3, field4], but with indices [0, 1, 2]. Also, we don't use filter inside fields(after:), because that would reset the indices, making them start from 0.
If we wouldn't use a slice, we could also find field3 by using first { $0.text?.isEmpty != false } at (4), then we'd find its index by calling textFields.index(of: nextField), but I think a slice is slightly better since we can write easier fallbacks (5, 6).
How do we use it? Quite simple, actually:
extension LoginViewController: UITextFieldDelegate, NextTextFieldHandler {
 var textFields: [UITextField] { // 1
 return aStackView.arrangedSubviews
 .compactMap { $0 as? UITextField }
 .filter { !$0.isHidden && $0.alpha != 0 && $0.isEnabled } // 2
 /* 3
 if mode == .login {
 return [emailTextField, passwordTextField]
 }
 else {
 return [nameTextField, emailTextField, passwordTextField]
 }
 */
 }
 func textFieldShouldBeginEditing(_ textField: UITextField) -> Bool {
 setupReturnKeyType(for: textField) // 4
 return true
 }
 func textFieldShouldReturn(_ textField: UITextField) -> Bool {
 handleReturnKeyTapped(on: textField) // 5
 return true
 }
}
First, we setup the textFields we need (1). We extract all the text fields from our imaginary UIStackView (2) (or return them manually — 3), then call setupReturnKeyType(for:) from textFieldShouldBeginEditing(:_) (4) and handleReturnKeyTapped(on:) from textFieldShouldReturn(:_) (5).
As always, I'd love to know what you think, or if anything can be improved @rolandleth.
Update: Shaps wrote a great piece on this topic as well, be sure to check it out!
]]>
_URL_ Increasing the tap area of a UIButton 2018-09-09T16:08 2018-09-09T16:08 Roland Leth _URL_ The other day, Soroush wrote a great post about hitTest(_:with:) (you should check it out), which reminded me of a problem I solved the other week: I wanted to increase a UIButton's tap area, without increasing the button's frame.
The following code would go in one of the button's superviews; for example, you might have a mainContainer, which has a UIStackView that contains the button — we'd implement it in mainContainer:
override func hitTest(_ point: CGPoint, with event: UIEvent?) -> UIView? {
 let biggerButtonFrame = theButton.frame.insetBy(dx: -30, dy: -30) // 1
 if biggerButtonFrame.contains(point) { // 2
 return theButton // 3
 }
 return super.hitTest(point, with: event) // 4
}
We first create a rect that is 30px larger than our button, both horizontally and vertically (1) and we check if it contains the point (2): if it does, we return the button (3), otherwise we fallback to super (4). At (1) we might need to convert between coordinate systems and at (2) we might also want to check if the button is enabled and visible, if it can have different states.
If you google increase uibutton tap area, you'll get quite a few results, mentioning either increasing imageEdgeInsets/titleEdgeInsets (not quite what we want), or using pointInside(point:with:). The approach of the latter is basically the same as we saw above, just that the implementation is done on the button itself, not in one of its superviews:
override func point(inside point: CGPoint, with event: UIEvent?) -> Bool {
 let biggerFrame = bounds.insetBy(dx: -30, dy: -30)
 return biggerFrame.contains(point)
}
Sometimes, a button might be part of a view controller's view, or used as a customView for a UIBarButtonItem, in which case we don't have access to the implementation of the superview, so we need to use this approach.
At some point, I didn't really want to write this post anymore, seeing so much information about this dating back to 2010, but, in the end, I think that any knowledge shared is better than kept.
How did I used to do it? By creating a UILabel/UIImageView with the required info and adding a bigger button on top 🤷🏻♂😳.
]]>
_URL_ Extracting the location from a photo 2018-08-06T18:51 2018-08-06T18:51 Roland Leth _URL_ I'd like to quickly explain how to let the user pick a photo and automatically extract the location for them. The post is targeted at iOS 11+, because starting with this version, to use an UIImagePickerController we don't need to ask the user's permission to access their photo library, because the controller runs as a separate process from the app, which


text:
Revenue function and Marginal revenue function of P
p = 8 - 2LNx
Find the revenue function and the marginal revenue function
i got these:
revenue function R(x)= 6-2log(x)
marginal revenue (r') = -2/x
Is that correct?
and i have no idea how to start these problems based on the same numbers:(Headbang)
(b) (2 pts) Find the number (in thousands) of hot dogs that can be sold during one
game such that the marginal revenue is zero.
(c) (2 pts) Find the instantaneous rate of change of the marginal revenue.
(xc) (2 pts) Use part (c) to justify that the answer in part (b) generates the maximum revenue. What is the maximum revenue?

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
First Nations Information Governance Centre (n.d.). The First Nations Principles of OCAP®: Understanding OCAP®. _URL_
The OCAP® principles are a set of standards developed to protect First Nations' control, access, and possession of information about their communities. To be OCAP® compliant, each of the four main components (ownership, control, access, and possession) must be respected and fulfilled.
Anyone who is planning on conducting research with Canadian First Nations should familiarize themselves with OCAP® principles.


text: Photograph of a view of the ruined corridor (or arcade?) at Mission San Juan Capistrano, Orange County, California, 1885. Arches of the dilapidated arcade form a square around the quadrangle (at right). Wild grass, flowers, and fallen adobe debris cover the ground.; "Mission San Juan Capistrano was the 7th Mission when it was founded by Father Serra in 1776. Mission San Juan Capistrano is famous for its Swallows. A Swallow is a type of bird which lives in 'houses' made of mud on cliffs, under eaves, and other such overhangs. It is said that the Swallows return to their homes at the Mission every year on March 19th." -- unknown author.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


the X), drop a dotted line down to the bottom green line.
This will be the center of the back ellipse. Create a copy of the ellipse, and slide it back along the green line until it is centered over that point. With me?
Okay, now we need to scale down our ellipse. As you know, objects appear to shrink in size the further way from us they get. Our ellipse is too big.
Scale it down evenly through it's center point until it's edge touches point (a):
Done! Now simply remove all the excess lines, and you have a properly rendered doorway in perspective.


text:
Sensitivity of spectral lines to temperature, velocity, and magnetic field
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), Apdo. de Correos 3004, 18080 Granada, Spain e-mail: _EMAIL_
2 Kiepenheuer-Institut für Sonnenphysik, Schöneckstr. 6, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
Accepted: 1 April 2005
We present an analytical and numerical study of the sensitivity of weak solar photospheric lines to temperature, velocity, and magnetic fields. Our investigation is based on the concept of response functions (Landi degl'Innocenti & Landi degl'Innocenti 1977; Ruiz Cobo & del Toro Iniesta 1994). Lines commonly used in solar spectropolarimetry, like 630.25 nm in the visible and 1564.85 nm in the infrared, are examined in detail as emerging from reference quiet Sun and sunspot models. We develop a simple phenomenological model capable of describing the response of any given line to these atmospheric parameters. We find that: (a) the sensitivity of the lines to velocity and magnetic fields increases with the sharpness of the intensity and circular polarization profiles; (b) the sensitivity to temperature is determined mainly by the variation of the source function with temperature, which is smaller at longer wavelengths; and (c) lines quoted to be insensitive to temperature, like 1564.85 nm and 557.61 nm, exhibit larger changes in equivalent width than lines presumed to have higher sensitivities to T, such as 630.25 nm. The relations provided by our model are universal and can be used to decide which line is better suited to measuring a given atmospheric parameter. The results of this study are of practical interest for the design of new instruments and for better exploitation of existing ones.
Key words: Sun: photosphere / line: profiles / Sun: magnetic fields / polarization
© ESO, 2005


text:
The high level of accuracy of small building details is required for precise modelling not only in the CBD area of the city but also in suburban and residential areas. Even village buildings can include complex architectural shapes.
Data represent complex architectural forms like:
- PITCHED ROOFS
- ROOF FURNITURE
- ELEVATORS SHAFTS
The parameters of azimuth, tilt angle, area of flat parts, and roof height can be calculated and assigned for each roof element
LOD2 building models are produced for various tasks of environmental management like solar energy assessment, GIS and architecture projects, 3D visualization of cities, and developed in multiple GIS formats (Rhino, ArcGIS, Autocad dwg, Sketchup skp, fbx, obj etc.).


text:
Coventry CathedralThe city of Coventry, West Midlands, England is unusual in the United Kingdom in that it has two cathedrals which both belong to the Church of England
The roofless ruins of the old cathedral.
The exterior of the ruins of the old cathedral
The exterior of the modern cathedral
The first, now in ruins, was bombed to destruction on November 14, 1940 by the German Luftwaffe during the Second World War. The new cathedral built next to the remains of the old cathedral was designed by Basil Spence. The ruin of the older cathedral remains hallowed ground.
It was decided that instead of re-building the old cathedral, it would be left in ruins as a reminder of the bombing, and that a new modern cathedral should be built alongside.
The foundation stone of the new cathedral was laid by the Queen on March 23, 1956, and it was consecrated on May 25, 1962. Its modern design caused some controversy. The unconventional spire was lowered onto the flat roof by helicopter. The interior is notable for a large tapestry of Christ, designed by Graham Sutherland and for the Baptistry window designed by John Piper. This is a stained glass window of abstract design, compounded from many elemental panes, which occupies the full height of one wall.


pin when using the device in a USB network.
The VBUS signal should only be connected to the REGIN pin when operating the device as a bus-powered
function. REG0 configuration options are shown in "4. Typical Connection Diagrams" Figure 4.1–
Figure 4.4.
9.1. Voltage Regulator (REG0)
See "4. Typical Connection Diagrams" for typical connection diagrams using the REG0 voltage regulator.
9.1.1. Regulator Mode Selection
REG0 offers a low power mode intended for use when the device is in suspend mode. In this low power
mode, the REG0 output remains as specified; however the REG0 dynamic performance (response time) is
degraded. See Table 5.5 for normal and low power mode supply current specifications. The REG0 mode
selection is controlled via the REG0MD bit in register REG01CN.
9.1.2. VBUS Detection
When the USB Function Controller is used (see section Section "21. Universal Serial Bus Controller
(USB0)" on page 172), the VBUS signal should be connected to the VBUS pin. The VBSTAT bit (register
REG01CN) indicates the current logic level of the VBUS signal. If enabled, a VBUS interrupt will be generated when the VBUS signal has either a falling or rising edge. The VBUS interrupt is edge-sensitive, and
has no associated interrupt pending flag. See Table 5.5 for VBUS input parameters.
Important Note: When USB is selected as a reset source, a system reset will be generated when a falling
or rising edge occurs on the VBUS pin. See Section "17. Reset Sources" on page 129 for details on selecting USB as a reset source.
9.2. Voltage Regulator (REG1)
Under default conditions, the internal REG1 regulator will remain on when the device enters STOP mode.
This allows any enabled reset source to generate a reset for the device and bring the device out of STOP
mode. For additional power savings, the STOPCF bit can be used to shut down the regulator and the internal power network of the device when the part enters STOP mode. When STOPCF is set to 1, the RST pin
and a full power cycle of the device are the only methods of generating a reset.
REG1 offers an additional low power mode intended for use when the device is in suspend mode. This low
power mode should not be used during normal operation or if the REG0 Voltage Regulator is disabled. See
Table 5.5 for normal and low power mode supply current specifications. The REG1 mode selection is controlled via the REG1MD bit in register REG01CN.
Important Note: At least 12 clock instructions must occur after placing REG1 in low power mode before
the Internal High Frequency Oscillator is Suspended (OSCICN.5 = 1b).
Rev. 1.4
74
C8051F380/1/2/3/4/5/6/7/C
SFR Definition 9.1. REG01CN: Voltage Regulator Control
Bit
7
Name REG0DIS
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
VBSTAT
Reserved
REG0MD
STOPCF
Reserved
REG1MD
Reserved
Type
R/W
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SFR Address = 0xC9; SFR Page = All Pages
Bit
Name
7
Function
REG0DIS Voltage Regulator (REG0) Disable.
This bit enables or disables the REG0 Voltage Regulator.
0: Voltage Regulator Enabled.
1: Voltage Regulator Disabled.
6
VBSTAT
5
Reserved Must Write 0b.
4
REG0MD Voltage Regulator (REG0) Mode Select.
This bit selects the Voltage Regulator mode for REG0. When REG0MD is set to 1, the
REG0 voltage regulator operates in lower power (suspend) mode.
0: REG0 Voltage Regulator in normal mode.
1: REG0 Voltage Regulator in low power mode.
3
STOPCF Stop Mode Configuration (REG1).
This bit configures the REG1 regulator's behavior when the device enters STOP mode.
0: REG1 Regulator is still active in STOP mode. Any enabled reset source will reset the
device.
1: REG1 Regulator is shut down in STOP mode. Only the RST pin or power cycle can
reset the device.
2
Reserved Must Write 0b.
1
REG1MD Voltage Regulator (REG1) Mode.
This bit selects the Voltage Regulator mode for REG1. When REG1MD is set to 1, the
REG1 voltage regulator operates in lower power mode.
0: REG1 Voltage Regulator in normal mode.
1: REG1 Voltage Regulator in low power mode.
This bit should not be set to '1' if the REG0 Voltage Regulator is disabled.
0
Reserved Must Write 0b.
75
VBUS Signal Status.
This bit indicates whether the device is connected to a USB network.
0: VBUS signal currently absent (device not attached to USB network).
1: VBUS signal currently present (device attached to USB network).
Rev. 1.4
C8051F380/1/2/3/4/5/6/7/C
10. Power Management Modes
The C8051F380/1/2/3/4/5/6/7/C devices have three software programmable power management modes:
Idle, Stop, and Suspend. Idle mode and stop mode are part of the standard 8051 architecture, while suspend mode is an enhanced power-saving mode implemented by the high-speed oscillator peripheral.
Idle mode halts the CPU while leaving the peripherals and clocks active. In stop mode, the CPU is halted,
all interrupts and timers (except the Missing Clock Detector) are inactive, and the internal oscillator is
stopped (analog peripherals remain in their selected states; the external oscillator is not affected). Suspend mode is similar to stop mode in that the internal oscillator is halted, but the device can wake on activity with the USB transceiver. The CPU is not halted in suspend mode, so it can run on another oscillator, if
desired. Since clocks are running in Idle mode, power consumption is dependent upon the system clock
frequency and the number of peripherals left in active mode before entering Idle. Stop mode and suspend
mode consume the least power because the majority of the device is shut down with no clocks active. SFR
Definition 10.1 describes the Power Control Register (PCON) used to control the C8051F380/1/2/3/4/5/6/
7/C's Stop and Idle power management modes. Suspend mode is controlled by the SUSPEND bit in the
OSCICN register (SFR Definition 19.3).
Although the C8051F380/1/2/3/4/5/6/7/C has Idle, Stop, and suspend modes available, more control over
the device power can be achieved by enabling/disabling individual peripherals as needed. Each analog
peripheral can be disabled when not in use and placed in low power mode. Digital peripherals, such as timers or serial buses, draw little power when they are not in use. Turning off oscillators lowers power consumption considerably, at the expense of reduced functionality.
10.1. Idle Mode
Setting the Idle Mode Select bit (PCON.0) causes the hardware to halt the CPU and enter Idle mode as
soon as the instruction that sets the bit completes execution. All internal registers and memory maintain
their original data. All analog and digital peripherals can remain active during idle mode.
Idle mode is terminated when an enabled interrupt is asserted or a reset occurs. The assertion of an
enabled interrupt will cause the Idle Mode Selection bit (PCON.0) to be cleared and the CPU to resume
operation. The pending interrupt will be serviced and the next instruction to be executed after the return
from interrupt (RETI) will be the instruction immediately following the one that set the Idle Mode Select bit.
If Idle mode is terminated by an internal or external reset, the CIP-51 performs a normal reset sequence
and begins program execution at address 0x0000.
Note: If the instruction following the write of the IDLE bit is a single-byte instruction and an interrupt occurs
during the execution phase of the instruction that sets the IDLE bit, the CPU may not wake from Idle mode
when a future interrupt occurs. Therefore, instructions that set the IDLE bit should be followed by an
instruction that has two or more opcode bytes, for example:
// in 'C':
PCON |= 0x01;
PCON = PCON;
// set IDLE bit
// ... followed by a 3-cycle dummy instruction
; in assembly:
ORL PCON, #01h
MOV PCON, PCON
; set IDLE bit
; ... followed by a 3-cycle dummy instruction
If enabled, the Watchdog Timer (WDT) will eventually cause an internal watchdog reset and thereby terminate the Idle mode. This feature protects the system from an unintended permanent shutdown in the event
of an inadvertent write to the PCON register. If this behavior is not desired, the WDT may be disabled by
software prior to entering the Idle mode if the WDT was initially configured to allow this operation. This provides the opportunity for additional power savings, allowing the system to remain in the Idle mode indefi-
Rev. 1.4
76
C8051F380/1/2/3/4/5/6/7/C
nitely, waiting for an external stimulus to wake up the system. Refer to Section "


VLOOKUP Tutorial: Updating prices in a master price list
MVP Bill Jelen has created this VLOOKUP tutorial for those of you who have a basic working knowledge of Excel but want to improve your skills. This tutorial assumes you've heard about the VLOOKUP function and its benefits, but that you don't really know how or when you might use it. Bill uses the example of updating prices in a product list to introduce the value of this time-saving function.
The Problem: It's taking way too long to find and update prices in a master price list
The Solution: Speed up the process with VLOOKUP
Suppose that you maintain an Excel workbook with over 10,000 prices for products that your company sells. Parts are arranged in sections by category. You have part numbers in column A, prices in column B, and other information in column C. Now, imagine that your manager just gave you a worksheet with updates for 475 of the items in your list.
Attempt 1: Use CTRL + F to update the list
 You decide to copy the price update to a blank section of your master price list.
From this point, you start trying to find each item from the new list in the old list. Since the items in the old list are not sorted and cannot easily be sorted across the various sections of the price list, you decide to use the Find command to make the process easier.
Here is your first attempt:
 1. Select the first part number from the new list in cell G3
 2. Press Ctrl+C to copy this item to the clipboard
 3. Select all of column A by clicking on the A heading
 4. Press Ctrl+F to open the Find dialog
 5. Press Ctrl+V to paste the part number into the Find dialog
 6. Click the Find button
You are now at row 2063 and fairly proud that you didn't have to click PgDn one hundred times to get here. Unfortunately, you've forgotten the new price so you have to start over.
Watch me try using CTRL + F to update the list:
Attempt 2: Use Find All to update the list
You try jotting the new price on a sheet of scrap paper, but then you think there might be a faster way. After some experimenting, you end up with this awesome set of steps:
 1. Select the next part number from the new list (you are down to G9) by now.
 2. Press Ctrl+C to copy that cell to the clipboard
 3. Press Ctrl+A twice to select all cells in the worksheet
 4. Press Ctrl+F to open the Find dialog
 5. Press Ctrl+V to paste the part number in the Find dialog
 6. Press Alt+A to Find All! This brings up a list of both the item in the original list and the item in the new list
 7. Switch between the two cells using the up and down arrow keys.
 8. At this point, it is probably easier to switch to the mouse. Click on the new price. Right-click and choose Copy. Click on the old price. Right-click and choose paste.
 9. You can return to the right section of the new price list using the hyperlinks in the still-open Find dialog.
Watch me using Find All to update the list:
Even with this improved set of steps, it is taking almost 1 minute per item. You do some quick math and realize that 450 items are going to require 8 mind-numbing hours. Your first thought might be, "There has to be a better way, but what is it?"
The Solution: Speed up the process with VLOOKUP
I began working as a financial analyst in 1989. I've learned that data is rarely perfect.
This price list workbook is a case in point. It has been handed down in your department for the last dozen years. It was set up by some guy named Bob who no longer works here. In the workbook, there are lots of things that would have made life easier.
For example, it would have been nice if:
 - The category information was in another column, so you could easily sort the list by part number and then back by category.
 - The list of new prices included all the items where the price did not change, and if it was in the exact same order as your list, so you could copy and paste huge ranges of prices.
 - Your manager would have just done this himself.
But, in real life, data is not perfect. When data is not perfect, knowing an Excel function called VLOOKUP can save the day.
VLOOKUP explained
VLOOKUP stands for "Vertical Lookup." The vertical means that your list of new prices is going down the spreadsheet instead of across. (If you are wondering, there is an HLOOKUP for when your lookup table is going across.)
The tooltip for VLOOKUP says you need:
 - Lookup_value is the part number that you are looking up. To find a new price for the part number in A2, you are looking for A2. =VLOOKUP(A2,
 - Table_array is the lookup table. The data that you are looking to match must be in the first column of the lookup table. That works in this case, because part number is in column G and new price is in column H. If those had been reversed, you would copy the prices so they are to the right of the part numbers. When you type the address of the table, make sure to use dollar signs so that the table reference doesn't change as you copy the formula down your worksheet. Instead of G3:H477, use $G$3:$H$477. Those dollar signs tell Excel to not lower the range as the formula gets copied down. =VLOOKUP(A2,$G$3:$H$477,
 - Col_index_number tells Excel which column you want to return from the lookup table. In this case, you only have two columns. Part number is in the first column of the lookup table. New Price is in the second column of the lookup table. Since you want to return New Price, use 2 for the column. =VLOOKUP(A2,$G$3:$H$477,2
 - Range_lookup – the square brackets in the tooltip say that this argument is optional, but in real life it is not optional! You should always put False as the fourth argument. If you leave the argument off, you are allowing Excel to find close matches. Close matches are never appropriate when you are doing the type of lookup described in this situation. =VLOOKUP(A2,$G$3:$H$477,2,False)
Add a new column to your price list called New Price. Enter =VLOOKUP(A2,$G$3:$H$477,2,False) in cell C5. You get the new price. This looks promising!
The new price appears in C5
Your first VLOOKUP returns the new price
Select the formula in C5 and double-click the fill handle to copy the formula down. (The fill handle is the square dot in the bottom right corner of the selected cell.) Because of the blank cells between categories, the fill handle will only copy the formula down to the end of the first category. Already, you can see that something seems to be wrong.
A bunch of _TAG_/A errors in column C
Uh-oh! _TAG_/A errors are usually bad, but maybe not in this case
Techniques for dealing with inevitable _TAG_/A errors
A few of the VLOOKUP formulas are returning numbers. Many more are returning the _TAG_/A error. When you do a VLOOKUP, the _TAG_/A error means that the value you are looking up is not found in the lookup table. In this case, this is to be expected, since only 475 of the 10,000 prices are being updated.
Since you are expecting the _TAG_/A errors, you can use the IFERROR function (available in Excel 2007 or later) to replace the _TAG_/A with something else. You might put a space. You might put a zero. Or…in this case, if you don't have a new price, then the old price is still valid, so you could put the old price!
Edit the original formula in C5. Here are the three formulas you could use:
 - To show a blank, use =IFERROR(VLOOKUP(A5,$G$3:$H$477,2,FALSE),"")
 - To show a zero, use =IFERROR(VLOOKUP(A5,$G$3:$H$477,2,FALSE),0)
 - To use the old price, use =IFERROR(VLOOKUP(A5,$G$3:$H$477,2,FALSE),B5)
Choose a formula and copy it down. Your new column shows the new price if there is one, and the old price if there isn't one.
The IFERROR function replaces the _TAG_/A error with something more useful
 =IFERROR() to the rescue
In this video, see how I define VLOOKUP and explain the VLOOKUP formula, and get rid of _TAG_/A:
Use conditional formatting to highlight new prices
When I look at the two columns of data, it is hard to see which prices changed and which did not. You can use conditional formatting to highlight which items changed.
 1. Select C5:C18. Although


text:
Numerical Prediction Tools for Low-Frequency Sound Insulation in Lightweight Buildings
Lightweight wooden-framed constructions have steadily increased their market share in Sweden during the last two decades. Achieving acoustic and vibration comfort in wooden-based buildings is, however, still a challenging task. Wood is high in both strength and stiffness in relation to its weight, but its variability has repercussions on how sound propagates, this triggering sound insulation problems. Even if buildings comply with present-to-day regulations, complaints amid residents often arise due to low frequency noise, as it is outside the scope of the standards (where no analyses are performed below 50 Hz). In this investigation, laboratory acoustic sound insulation measurements carried out on a facade element according to the current standards, are intended to be reproduced and calibrated by means of the finite element method. In doing so, the first steps of a numerical predictive tool mimicking the real specimen, from 0 to 100 Hz, are presented. This will enable further research about phenomena occurring in the far low end of the frequency range, which is believed to be the cause of most nuisances reported by residents. Reliable predictive tools for addressing acoustic issues during the design phase avoid additional costs of building test prototypes and ensure a better acoustic performance.
KeywordsLightweight Finite element method Prediction tools Low frequency noise Sound transmission
This research reported on here was funded by the Silent Spaces project, a part of the EU program Interreg IV, by the Vinnova and Formas project AkuLite and by the project Sustainable Thermal Acoustic Retrofit (S.T.A.R.). The authors very much appreciate the financial help provided.
- 2.International Organization for Standardization ISO 717-1, Acoustics – Rating of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements – Part 1: airborne sound insulation, 1996Google Scholar
- 3.International Organization for Standardization ISO 140-3, Acoustics – Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements – Part 3: Laboratory measurements of airborne sound insulation of building elements, 1995Google Scholar
- 4.International Organization for Standardization ISO 140-3, Acoustics – Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements – Part 4: Field measurements of airborne sound insulation between rooms, 1998Google Scholar
- 5.International Organization for Standardization ISO 717-2, Acoustics – Rating of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements – Part 2: impact sound insulation, 2013Google Scholar
- 6.Negreira J, Flodén O, Bard D (2012) Reflection and transmission properties of a wall-floor building element: comparison between finite element model and experimental data. In: Proceedings of acoustics Hong KongGoogle Scholar
- 8.Bathe KJ (2006) Finite element procedures. Prentice Hall, New YorkGoogle Scholar
- 9.Sandberg G (1986) Finite element modelling of fluid-structure interaction (PhD thesis), Lund University, Division of Structural MechanicsGoogle Scholar
- 10.Flodén O, Vibrations in lightweight structures – efficiency and reduction in numerical models. Lund University, Division of Structural Mechanics, 2014Google Scholar
- 11.Zwikker C, Kosten CW (1949) Sound absorbing materials. Elsevier, AmsterdamGoogle Scholar
- 12.Morse PM, Ingard KU (1968) Theoretical acoustics. Princeton University Press, New JerseyGoogle Scholar
- 13.Dassault Systèmes, Abaqus documentation, Version 6.12, 2012Google Scholar
- 15.Hopkins C (2007) Sound insulation. Elsevier, LondonGoogle Scholar


text: This book examines the thinking of two nineteenth-century existentialist thinkers, Soren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche. Its focus is on the radically different ways they envisioned a joyful acceptance of life - a concern they shared. For Kierkegaard, in Fear and Trembling, joyful acceptance flows from the certitude of faith. For Nietzsche, in Thus Spoke Zarathustra, joyful acceptance is an acceptance of the eternal recurrence of life, and is ultimately a matter of will. This book explores the relationship between these opposed visions.


text:
Improving Accuracy and Precision of Soil Carbon and Greenhouse Gas Emission Measurements and Quantification: II (includes student competition)
ASA Section: Environmental Quality
Acquiring accurate and precise measurements of soil carbon and greenhouse gas emission are fraught with temporal, spatial, technological and computational challenges. Methodological strategies, analytical improvement, modeling and statistical approaches are needed to improve both the accuracy and precision of these measurements. Of particular interest are practical aspects to improve field sampling logistics, sampling schemes, chamber design, best strategies for addressing messy data and missing points, and improving flux calculations. This session is intended to provide a forum for a wide range of approaches that will improve the accuracy and precision of soil carbon and greenhouse gas measurement and quantification. Graduate student submissions are eligible to compete for cash awards.
Soil Carbon and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Community
Tuesday, November 17, 2015: 4:00 PM-6:00 PM
Minneapolis Convention Center, Exhibit Hall BC
Hero T. Gollany


text:
Extreme reading among the zoo animals
Thursday 23 October 2008
Two schoolgirl bookworms found some novel places to browse, by taking their homework to ZSL Whipsnade Zoo for some 'extreme reading'.
Jessica Ackers and Francesca Cross, both 10, let their imagination run riot when their school asked pupils to think of 'unusual, funny or surprising' locations for reading a book, to celebrate Children's Book Week.
The pair, from Oakwood Primary School in St Albans, wrote to ZSL Whipsnade Zoo and initially asked to read while sitting on an elephant or giraffe. 'If our thoughts are too dangerous to carry out we would love it if you could suggest something else for us to do', they asked.
Whipsnade were happy to oblige with the latter option and keepers allowed the girls to test their nerve by reading among the lively lemurs on lemur island, while being watched over by our female giraffe Savannah and sitting in the elephant paddock.
The girls found the experience amazing and had to use all their concentration skills to keep their eyes on the books and not the animals.
Jessica said: 'We found the giraffe quite easy as she was eating the leaves but the lemurs were hard!'
'There were so many of them and they were all around you with their paws on the books!' added Francesca. Both girls love reading and enjoy fiction books. Francesca had just read an appropriate book called 'White Giraffe' by Lauren St John.


text:
NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE OFFICE / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE OFFICE / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY
Moscow, USSR. Hexagon satellite mapping camera image of Moscow, the capital city of the USSR. Hexagon was a series of US photoreconnaissance satellites launched between 1971 and 1986 that collected intelligence on the USSR and their allies. Mapping cameras were carried on those launched from 1973 onwards. Capsules containing film were ejected from the satellite and sent back to earth for collection. Image obtained on the 6th April 1979.
Model release not required. Property release not required.


text: This is a org chart example of HR. Organizational charts are graphical representations of the structure of a company or organization. Its objective is to depict the organization's reporting links and chains of command. People may quickly comprehend how the organization is built, the number of levels, and where each employee fits into the organization by looking at the corporate org chart. EdrawMax lets you draw an organizational chart in a few simple steps.


text:
The COSYS-Med LMI
The COSYS-Med International Mixed Laboratory is a research organization created in 2014 for a period of 5 years which brings together Tunisian and French laboratories whose objectives are:
- Study the impact of contaminants on the functioning and diversity of the coastal food web. Particular attention will be given to the first trophic links (microorganisms) considering their essential role in structuring the entire food web.
- Describe the dynamics and the different processes of contaminant transformation by biotic (microand macroorganisms) and abiotic (photodegradation) pathways, interactions with organic matter
- Quantify the Sahelian contributions and identify the types of molecules likely to modify equilibria within the pelagic microbial network
- To define the modes of interactions between contaminants, Sahelian inputs and organisms, from the microbial world to the fish resources and intermediate and higher trophic levels
- Develop scientific expertise from the collection of the necessary data, to make a diagnosis on the state and fate of biodiversity and ecosystem services in order to offer assistance to the management of aquaculture and fishing activities in the face of a modification of the environment related to contaminant inputs.


text:
Travel time of rail passengers is increasingly well spent
What do rail travellers do with their time on the move? How worthwhile do they consider this time to be? How do they equip themselves for using their time and do they plan in advance how to get the most out of their travel time?
These are questions that the University of the West of England's Centre for Transport and Society (CTS) has explored through a national survey of over 20,000 rail passengers comparing the answers with the results from a similar study six years ago. The findings provide a unique insight into the experience of rail travel in Britain and how this is evolving in the face of rapid developments in information and communication technologies (ICTs).
The results reveal that reading for leisure, window gazing and working/studying are still the most favoured travel time activities. Over the six year period between the two studies the availability and use of mobile technologies has increased in some cases very substantially. In 2010 passengers were 63% more likely to be texting or phoning for personal reasons and 83% more likely to be doing so for work compared to 2004. One in five commuters and one in three business travellers in 2010 were checking e-mails and one in 20 passengers were accessing social networking sites. Listening to music has around doubled in six years in its incidence suggesting an increasing capacity for travellers to personalise the public space of the railway carriage.
There has been a sharp upward trend in the proportion of travellers who have and use a laptop computer on the train. The same is true for MP3 players. Meanwhile the fortunes for the humble newspaper as a travel accompaniment appear to have changed. In 2004 the majority (79%) had a newspaper to hand by 2010 this had reduced to a minority (45%). However, those who still have a newspaper to hand are around twice as likely to use it compared to the position in 2004.
Most notably the analysis reveals a substantial increase in identification of 'positive utility' of rail travel time the proportion of travellers overall making very worthwhile use of their time has gone up by a quarter to 30% of all passengers; meanwhile compared to 2004 there has been a 37% reduction in the proportion of business travellers indicating their time on the train was wasted (down from 13% to 8% of business travellers).
Individuals who planned in advance how to use their time on the train are three times more likely to consider their time use very worthwhile compared to those who had not planned at all and seven times less likely to consider their time has been wasted.
Professor Glenn Lyons, who has been leading the research, believes more attention must be given to the meaning of travel time and its use. In economic appraisal used to assess the merits of investment in transport schemes, such as high speed rail, it is assumed that time spent travelling is of itself economically unproductive and in turn that being able to save time by making journeys quicker and more reliable produces benefits that have monetary value.
Getting from A to B as quickly as possible may seem a sensible goal and yet a growing body of research is exploring the positive value of travel time itself.
Travel for most people is integral to their daily lives we are short sighted if we simply consider it a means to an end. It is an end in itself and one which is adapting to and supported by the information age.
Our decisions on high speed rail will have consequences for decades to come. Those consequences are not simply a result of quicker journeys saving time. They will be shaped by how we experience and value our time on the move and how this affects our choices on where to live and work and our means of travel. This research has a serious contribution to make to debate on the future investment in our transport system.
Previous research by CTS alongside colleagues at Lancaster University has revealed the importance of travel time as gift to oneself, providing: transition time a need for experiencing distance and the opportunity for gearing up to the destination's demands; time out escape from life's obligations offering 'backstage' time to be oneself and engage in specific activities such as reading or listening to music; and time for a transitory space in which to fulfil obligations such as work. Such research also underlined the distinction between clock time and experienced time with the latter being able to stretch or compress.


Last name origins & meanings:
 1. German and Jewish (Ashkenazic): regional name from (Lower) Saxony, German (Nieder-)Sachsen in northern Germany. The region is called after the Germanic tribe which settled there in Roman times and was named from a Germanic word which is preserved in Old Saxon, Old High German sahs 'knife', 'sword'. (The area in central Germany named Sachsen was named after the line of princes who had the title to the northern territories in 1422.)
 2. Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic): name adopted in memory of persecuted forebears, an acronym of the Hebrew phrase Zera Qodesh SHemo 'his name is of the seed of holiness'.
This name appears in the following lists: Nobel Prize Winners
Comments for Sachs
7 Fun Driveway and Sidewalk Games for Kids
Kindergarten Readiness App Wins Gold
Best Sun Safety Practices for Babies
Find out what is happening in each day of your pregnancy!
My due date:
Pregnancy Day By Day


text:
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Published on Jul 20, 2013
_URL_ 1/6 Green Wood Craft. Series celebrating the nation's craftsmanship and the recent renaissance in traditional crafts, presented by Monty Don. Three hopefuls who are passionate about learning green wood craft are put through their paces by the country's leading practitioners. The students quickly discover that the craft calls for precision, dexterity and patience. The trainees learn how to cleave the raw material; to turn blocks of wood on the pole lathe; and to manipulate the components fresh out of a steam bender.


text:
To understand the space charge characteristics of ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) used in MV/HV power cables under thermal stress, the space charge profile is measured by the pulsed electro-acoustic method under 20 kV/mm at 120 and 160 °C. The complex permittivity and physicochemical properties at the different ageing stages are measured and analyzed for an understanding of the effects of thermal ageing on space charge characteristics. The trap properties of EPR during thermal ageing is calculated and analyzed based on the space charge decay model. The results show that both the ageing time and temperature can affect the space charge characteristics of EPR. The space charge characteristics of EPR can be ascribed to the trapping sites caused by the complex chemical and physical structures during thermal ageing. Under the thermal oxygen process, the polar groups and ions increase because of the EPR molecular chain breakages, and the charge injection from the electrodes increases. Based on the decay model of space charge and isothermal decay current theory, the distribution of trap levels in EPR at different ageing stages is obtained. The trap distribution under different ageing process can be explained by the theory of trap filling.
scite is a Brooklyn-based startup that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.


text:
Microsoft Anti-Spam Tech to Fight HIV
Microsoft Researchers have found another use for the anti-spam technology that keeps inboxes junk-free: developing vaccines for HIV.
With the same software techniques traditionally used to analyze databases and track spam, medical researchers can find hidden patterns in millions of HIV strains and create improved vaccine designs. The genetic patterns are necessary to train a patient's immune system to fight the deadly virus.
Microsoft scientists David Heckerman and Nebojsa Jojic were the first to pioneer the medical uses of anti-spam software. They have joined up with doctors and scientists from the University of Washington and Australia's Royal Perth Hospital to build more potent vaccines based on the data gathered by Microsoft's technologies.
"Science is changing rapidly with the explosion of new data, and we've only scratched the surface of what computers can do to help advance this kind of research," said David Heckerman, senior researcher and manager of the Research Machine Learning and Applied Statistics Group at Microsoft.
Although it seems like science fiction, Microsoft says the work is already showing potential. Vaccine designs aided by Microsoft Research are currently undergoing laboratory testing at the University of Washington. Tests at Royal Perth Hospital will follow, with initial results expected later this year.
"These Microsoft Research technologies weren't initially conceived as medical research tools, but they may prove to be critical to the ongoing battle to slow down or halt HIV and other deadly viruses," said Dr. James Mullins, professor in the UW Department of Microbiology.
Researchers also plan to use the techniques to analyze HIV strains from around the world and gain a better understanding of the virus and its mutations. Microsoft says the vaccine models could also aid in the treatment of other mutating viruses such as hepatitis C.


What Is a P0500 Nissan OBDII Code and What are the Fixes?
By | September 23, 2022
What Is a P0500 Nissan OBDII Code and What are the Fixes
If you have a Nissan and it gets a P0500 code, it is an OBDII error for the "Vehicle Speed Sensor Circuit".
This is usually a bad speed sensor or wiring but can sometimes be other components.
What Is a P0500 OBDII Code?
A P500 OBDII code on a Nissan happens when the ECM can not read the speed sensor output.
Many Nissan vehicles will have two types of speed sensors.
 - Vehicle Speed Sensor VSS Output: This sensor sends data to the instrument cluster and controls the speedometer speed.
 - Revolution Sensor (A/T Speed Sensor Input): This sensor is for automatic transmission control and does not control the speedometer.
The VSS output sensor is what the speedometer uses to display the MPH to the driver.
The automatic transmission uses the Input sensor for shifting and other controls.
The VSS sensor creates its own voltage; as the voltage increases, it sends a signal to the instrument cluster under the dashboard.
The cluster and speedometer translate this into the speed the vehicle is traveling, and the information is sent to the ECM.
When replacing the transmission speed sensor for the speedometer, be sure it is the VSS output sensor.
P0500 OBDII Code Symptoms
 - Speedometer Not Working
 - Engine Light On
 - ABS Light On
 - Traction Light On
 - Possibly Goes Into Limp Mode
What Causes a P0500 OBDII Code?
 - Faulty Main Speed Sensor
 - Faulty Secondary Speed Sensor
 - Open Circuit
 - Shorted Circuit
 - Wheel Sensor
 - Harness Wiring
The following OBDII information is related to a P0500 OBDII Code.
P0500 ECM Detect No Signal from Vehicle Speed Sensor VSS.
Code Set Condition: When the ECM detects no signal from the vehicle speed sensor (VSS) or the VSS circuit is open or shorted.
What Is a P0500 Nissan OBDII Code Error 3
VSS is a two-part system. VSS AC voltage generator is located on trans (front wheel & 2WD) or transfer case (4WD) & is gear driven.
What Is a P0500 Nissan OBDII Code Error
How To Diagnose a P0500 OBDII Code
Using an OBDII scan tool that can read SRS transmission faults, the code P0500 will be pulled from the ECM.
Once the code is known, individual components, including the VSS Output Speed Sensor and wiring harness, will need to be checked or replaced.
How To Fix a P0500 OBDII Code
The usual fix is to replace the VSS Output Speed Sensor.
Look online for the VSS Output Speed Sensor on your vehicle year and model.
Check the wiring and wiring harness going to the VSS sensor.
The VSS sensor is a common problem, but other things can also cause the issue and be model-specific.
For example, some Nissan Sentra's can get the code when a wheel sensor goes bad or has different-sized tires on the front and back.
While rare, keep in mind other causes can happen, and not all Nissan models are the same.
Can I Drive with a P0500 OBDII Code?
Usually, the vehicle is drive-able, but the speedometer does not work along with the dashboard lights on.
In some cases, depending on the car or truck model, the onboard computer can set it into limp mode.
If the vehicle is going into limp mode, it will need to be repaired before further driving is done.
Summary
If you are getting a P0500 code on a Nissan, it is an error with the speedometer.
This is usually the VSS output sensor but can be caused by other issues depending on the vehicle model and year.
For example, newer Nissan's have more electronics, and sometimes the error can be caused by a wheel sensor.
One vehicle I worked on recently got the error since different sized tires were on the front and the back.
On this particular Nissan Sentra, the code would clear, but the speedometer stopped working after going over 60 MPH, and the code would return.
After replacing the VSS sensor, wiring harness, and all four-wheel sensors, the code kept coming back.
While using an OBDII scan tool, real-time data on the wheel sensors, it was seen that the back tires were 10 percent off from the front.
After looking more closely at the tires, they were found to be differently sized on the back, which was causing the issue.
This type of problem with the tires is rare, but just keep in mind other things can cause the sensors and ECM to get bad data.
The tires would not have caused an issue with an older Nissan.
Have you had an issue with a P0500 OBDII Code on a Nissan? Let us know your thoughts below.
Bob Thomas
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text:
The need for fast and accurate performance testing of solar collectors is increasing. This paper describes a new technique for performance testing which is based on non-linear continuous time models of the heat dynamics of the collector. It is shown that all important performance parameters can be accurately estimated with measurements from a single day. The estimated parameters are compared with results from standardized test methods (Fischer et al., 2004). Modelling the dynamics of the collector is carried out using stochastic differential equations, which is a well proven efficient method to obtain accurate estimates of parameters in physical models. The applied method is described by Kristensen et al. (2004) and implemented in the software CTSM1. Examples of successful applications of the method includes modelling the of the heat dynamics of integrated photo-voltaic modules (Friling et al., 2009) and modelling of the heat dynamics of buildings (Madsen and Holst, 1995). Measurements obtained at a test site in Denmark during the spring 2010 are used for the modelling. The tested collector is a single glazed large area flat plate collector with selective absorber and Teflon anti convection layer. The test rig is described in Fan et al. (2009). The modelling technique provides uncertainty estimates such as confidence intervals for the parameters, and furthermore enables statistical validation of the results. Such tests can also facilitate procedures for selecting the best model to use, which is a very non-trivial task.
|Title of host publication||Proceedings of ISES Solar World Conference 2011|
|Publication status||Published - 2011|
|Event||ISES Solar World Congress 2011 - Kassel, Germany|
Duration: 28 Aug 2011 → 2 Sept 2011
|Conference||ISES Solar World Congress 2011|
|Period||28/08/2011 → 02/09/2011|


text:
The Port of Stockton is committed to environmental stewardship and enhancement of the Delta and surrounding communities. The Port is currently unveiling and implementing a program that identifies opportunities the Port could engage to enhance the Delta. The Delta provides drinking water for two-thirds of the state of California and acts as a habitat for more than 70 fish species and abundant wildlife. The Delta provides a key resting or wintering spot along the Pacific Flyway for migrating bird species. The Port understands the importance of maintaining this delicate environment and providing a habitat for wildlife within an ever-growing population.
The Port of Stockton is committed to improving the region's quality of life by balancing environmental enhancement with the economic benefits of Port activity. This commitment is reflected in the Port's Delta Environmental Enhancement Program which aims to enhance air quality, water quality, and wildlife habitats in the Delta and surrounding communities.


Testing methods to enhance longevity awareness
March 2021
Retirees need to have some idea of how long they will survive to make informed decisions about drawing down retirement savings, claiming Social Security and pension benefits, and purchasing annuities. This is not a trivial task for many people due to low financial literacy, cognitive shortcomings, and behavioral biases. This paper seeks to understand how individuals estimate and then use subjective survival probabilities when making long-term financial decisions.
Key Insights
Providing longevity-risk information impacts people's subjective survival probabilities, while simply describing average life expectancy does not.
Providing information on life expectancy or longevity significantly affects people's annuitization decisions.
Merely prompting people to think about financial decisions changes their perceptions of subjective survival probabilities.
To evaluate ways to enhance awareness of longevity risk while controlling for all other related variables, the authors developed, fielded, and analyzed a nationally representative online survey of Americans using the Prolific "crowd-working" platform.


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Thursday, December 21, 2017
Starting an Emacs Daemon Automatically and Transparently using ZSH
If GNU Emacs is one of your editors of choice, then you may want to consider running Emacs as a server. Using an Emacs server is very convenient, especially if you open many Emacs processes (as it happens when the EDITOR variable is set to emacs in your shell). The reasons why you would use an Emacs server are manifold, and the most important are:
 - Using an Emacs server results in a great increase in speed and responsiveness of Emacs.
 - The fact that sharing the same Emacs process implies sharing buffers, command history, and many other information.
Starting an Emacs Server
An Emacs server can be started in two ways:
 - Running Emacs as a daemon, using the --daemon option:
$ emacs --daemon
 - By launching it from inside an Emacs process using the server-start function:
M-x server-start
Once an Emacs server is running, you can use the emacsclient program to tell a running Emacs server to visit a file. The server and the client are quite sophisticated, and you can use them for example to connect a client to a server running on a remote machine. Most of the time, however, you'll be running the daemon and the client on the same host.
A question I get often is: how to start the server if it's not running and then connect to it? I've seen a lot of solutions to this problem, and probably one of the commonest is starting an Emacs server at login, and then using emacsclient to connect to it.
There's a fundamental thing I don't like about it: it's not transparent. However, since it's a very common approach, I'll quickly document how it's accomplished on macOS.
Starting an Emacs Daemon on macOS at Login
The canonical way to start a process when a user logs in on macOS is using launchd. launchd is the "system wide and per-user daemon/agent manager" and it "manages processes, both for the system as a whole and for individual users" (launchd(8) man page). The processes to be started at user login are called launch agents and are defined in plist files in the ~/Library/LaunchAgents directory.
The easiest way to start an Emacs server, then, is to launch emacs with the --daemon option. The corresponding launch agent file is the following:
Note: the emacs path and the UserName element must contain correct values for your system.
Once the launch agent descriptor has been created, it can be loaded using the following command:
# launchctl load -w /Library/LaunchAgents/gnu.emacs.daemon.plist
This solution is fine, but it has two major disadvantages: it requires a configuration, and the configuration is non-portable.
Starting an Emacs Daemon On-Demand and Transparently
A simpler and portable solution (provided you're using ZSH) is leveraging emacsclient's ability to start a daemon if none is found in a ZSH function. Instead of having to explicitly use emacsclient after a server has been started, wouldn't it be nice to always use the same command, start a server if none is running, and connect to it transparently? Assuming we can do that, why not just calling this command emacs?
Fortunately, this is very easy to accomplish with emacsclient and ZSH:
 - emacsclient is able to start an Emacs daemon if none is running using the -a option with an empty argument.
 - emacsclient can be invoked without a file name when the -c option is used, in which case a new frame showing the *scratch* buffer is created, mimicking emacs behaviour.
 - ZSH lets us easily create "aliases on steroids" using a function such as the following:
Now, every time you invoke emacs in ZSH, the shell will run the emacs() function instead, which will run emacsclient -c -a= and will forward all its arguments to it.
When using an Emacs daemon there are some things to take into account. And that's what the official documentation is for. I will only say that since you are now sharing a single Emacs process, its frames and its buffers, you may now want to use C-x # when done with a buffer (or C-x C-k). This way you will kill the buffer and it won't be left hanging around.
No comments:


text:
1.1 This standard provides a design for the determination of acid content for in-service products that are predominantly hydrophobic in nature. These products are typically lubricants, edible oils and fuels, including biodiesel products. 1.2 The acid content can include total acid, which include organic acid and inorganic acid (measured by difference from the total and organic acids). 1.3 The measure of total acidity is termed Acid Content, expressed as miliequivalents (mEq) of acid per gram of sample. 1.4 It can be qualified by the pKa value of the conjugate acid of the base used - sodium hydrogen cyanamide (pKa ~4.5 for NaHNCN). 1.5 The scope of this method is not restricted by the miscibility (or lack thereof) of the sample with the ethanol reagent solution. The method can compensate for varying degrees of sample miscibility with the reagent solution based by measuring the intensity of an ethanol overtone band in the FTIR spectrum.
New and used petroleum products may contain acidic constituents that are present as additives or degradation products formed during in-service operations, such as oxidation products or ingression constituents. The relative amount of these materials can be determined by titrating with bases. The acid content is a measure of this amount of acidic substance in the oil. The acid content can be used as a guide in the quality control of lubricating oil formulations or used as a measure of the lubricant in-service degradation.
KeywordsAcid Content, Acid number, FTIR
The title and scope are in draft form and are under development within this ASTM Committee.Back to Top
Negative Votes Need Resolution


text:
A Bill Gates-backed concentrated solar energy company called Heliogen has reached temperatures greater than 1,000°C.
The start-up claims is the first time this has been achieved commercially and says the feat was accomplished at its commercial facility in Lancaster, California – it used advanced computer vision software to accurately align a large array of mirrors and efficiently reflect sunlight onto a target.
Heliogen says previous commercial concentrated solar thermal systems have been designed to reach temperatures of up to only 565°C, which it notes are useful for power generation but "insufficient for many industrial processes", such as the production of cement, steel and chemicals.
It suggests many of these processes require much higher temperatures, which have traditionally been generated by burning fossil fuels.
In the future, the company aims to reach temperatures up to 1,500°C, at which point it would be able to perform carbon dioxide-splitting and water-splitting to make 100% fossil-free fuels such as hydrogen or syngas.
Bill Gates has invested in the business – he said: "Today, industrial processes like those used to make cement, steel, and other materials are responsible for more than a fifth of all emissions. These materials are everywhere in our lives but we don't have any proven breakthroughs that will give us affordable, zero-carbon versions of them.
"If we're going to get to zero carbon emissions overall, we have a lot of inventing to do. I'm pleased to have been an early backer of Bill Gross's novel solar concentration technology. Its capacity to achieve the high temperatures required for these processes is a promising development in the quest to one day replace fossil fuel."


\ % Column rows are separated by &
 \hline % a horizontal line
 1 & Biggus & Dickus \\
 2 & Monty & Python
 \end{tabular}
 % it will approximately be displayed like this
 % Number | First Name Last Name
 % -------|--------------------------- % because of \hline
 % 1 | Biggus Dickus
 % 2 | Monty Python
\end{table}
\section{Getting \LaTeX{} to not compile something (i.e.~Source Code)}
Let's say we want to include some code into our \LaTeX{} document,
we would then need \LaTeX{} to not try and interpret that text and
instead just print it to the document. We do this with a verbatim
environment.
% There are other packages that exist (i.e. minty, lstlisting, etc.)
% but verbatim is the bare-bones basic one.
\begin{verbatim}
 print("Hello World!")
 a%b; % look! We can use % signs in verbatim.
 random = 4; #decided by fair random dice roll, _URL_
 See _URL_
\end{verbatim}
\section{Compiling}
By now you're probably wondering how to compile this fabulous document
and look at the glorious glory that is a \LaTeX{} pdf.
(Yes, this document actually does compile).
Getting to the final document using \LaTeX{} consists of the following
steps:
 \begin{enumerate}
 \item Write the document in plain text (the ''source code'').
 \item Compile source code to produce a pdf.
 The compilation step looks like this (in Linux): \\
 \begin{verbatim}
 > pdflatex learn-latex.tex
 \end{verbatim}
 \end{enumerate}
A number of \LaTeX{} editors combine both Step 1 and Step 2 in the
same piece of software. So, you get to see Step 1, but not Step 2 completely.
Step 2 is still happening behind the scenes\footnote{In cases, where you use
references (like Eqn.~\ref{eq:pythagoras}), you may need to run Step 2
multiple times, to generate an intermediary *.aux file.}.
% Also, this is how you add footnotes to your document!
% with a simple \footnote{...} command. They are numbered ¹, ², ... by default.
You write all your formatting information in plain text in Step 1.
The compilation part in Step 2 takes care of producing the document in the
format you defined in Step 1.
\section{Hyperlinks}
We can also insert hyperlinks in our document. To do so we need to include the
package hyperref into preamble with the command:
\begin{verbatim}
 \usepackage{hyperref}
\end{verbatim}
There exists two main types of links: visible URL \\
\url{_URL_ or
\href{_URL_ by text}
% You can not add extra-spaces or special symbols into shadowing text since it
% will cause mistakes during the compilation
This package also produces list of thumbnails in the output PDF document and
active links in the table of contents.
\section{Writing in ASCII or other encodings}
By default, historically LaTeX accepts inputs which are pure ASCII (128),
but not extended ASCII, meaning without accents (à, è etc.) and non-Latin symbols.
It is easy to insert accents and basic Latin symbols, with backslash shortcuts
Like \,c, \'e, \'A, \ae and \oe etc. % for ç, é, À, etc
% See _URL_ for more
To write directly in UTF-8, when compiling with pdflatex, use
\begin{verbatim}
 \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\end{verbatim}
The selected font has to support the glyphs used for your document, you have to add
\begin{verbatim}
 \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\end{verbatim}
Since LuaTeX and XeLaTeX were designed with built-in support for UTF-8, making
life easier for writing in non-Latin alphabets.
\section{End}
That's all for now!
% Most often, you would want to have a references section in your document.
% The easiest way to set this up would be by using the bibliography section
\begin{thebibliography}{1}
 % similar to other lists, the \bibitem command can be used to list items
 % each entry can then be cited directly in the body of the text
 \bibitem{latexwiki} The amazing \LaTeX{} wikibook: \emph{_URL_
 \bibitem{latextutorial} An actual tutorial: \emph{_URL_}
\end{thebibliography}
% end the document
\end{document}
More on LaTeX
Got a suggestion? A correction, perhaps? Open an Issue on the Github Repo, or make a pull request yourself!
Originally contributed by Chaitanya Krishna Ande, and updated by 18 contributor(s).


text:
Tunnel erosion in the loess of Banks Peninsula
Degree GrantorUniversity of Canterbury
Degree NameMaster of Science
This study has examined in more detail than previous studies, and within the framework of the erosion model, the physical setting in which tunnel erosion occurs on banks Peninsula. Two selected parameters were studies in detail using quantitative techniques, that is, slope aspect and soil erodibility. Tunnel erosion on Banks Peninsula is largely a culturally induced form of erosion. European man disrupted the balance between climate, soil and primitive tussock cover by removing this protective cover, allowing the increased runoff easier access to the highly erodible parent material loess below the compacted layer in the soil. It appears most of the tunnel systems on Banks Peninsula today may be relict features corresponding to a period of maximum pasture deterioration prior to the late 1940's.


text:
The Traveler's Gift
Seven Decisions that Determine Personal Success
READING GROUP GUIDE
The Traveler's Gift blends fiction, allegory, and inspiration, with a touch of self-help. It gives a front-row seat into one man's journey of a lifetime.
David Ponder has lost his job and the will to live. When he is supernaturally selected to travel through time, he visits historical figures such as Abraham Lincoln, King Solomon, and Anne Frank. Each visit yields a Decision for Success that will one day impact the entire world. Then, a visit to the future reveals the result of David's journey, the fruits of his labor.
1. What is the significance of the title? How is time travel important to the book?
2. Andrews incorporates facts and details about American history into The Traveler's Gift. Why is it important that David visited the historical figures during crucial moments in history? Why does Andrews suggest that successful people have more than a "limited view" of history?
3. In what ways does Andrews explore the importance of associations with other people? How do peer groups affect a person's success?
4. Dreams are a recurring motif in the book. How does each historical figure emphasize the importance of dreams as vehicles for success? What is the purpose of dreams in this book?
5. At the end of the book, the speaker in the arena says, "Until you have accomplished what you were put on earth to do, you will not-you cannot-be harmed." How is this concept of a "hedge of thorns," or protection, fitting to the journey David has taken? Do you believe this type of protection is possible?
6. Talk about the theme of leadership in the book. Which historical figures talk about leadership, and how do those comments directly relate to the person speaking? What overall definition of leadership does Andrews offer?
1. How does the book exemplify the differences between people who encounter despair? Is your experience different or similar? How does what you've read in this book help your own times of crisis?
2. The Traveler's Gift underscores the importance of rising above the opinions of others. How do your self-perceptions dictate your success? What advice does David receive for differentiating between wise counsel and criticism? How can you apply this advice to your life right now?
3. In what ways can you use the life lessons in The Traveler's Gift to encourage and change the lives of others?
4. Why might The Traveler's Gift be a vital book for our country and planet at this time?
5. Each historical character refers to faith in some way. What is Andrews suggesting about the connection between faith and success? Would you agree that the book defines success as a combination of personal initiative and divine motivation?
6. Andrews presents a specific method for absorbing the Seven Decisions-reading each decision aloud, morning and night, for twenty-one days and sharing the decisions with others. Why is this particular method given? Would another method be just as effective?
Chapters One and Two: David Ponder
1. The book opens during a crossroads in David's life. How does David's mindset about his personal crisis change by the end of the book?
2. Discuss the criticisms the seven historical characters make about David. Do you think they should have been tougher on him? Easier?
3. How does your opinion of David change throughout the book?
Chapter Three: Harry S. Truman
The First Decision: The buck stops here.
1. President Harry Truman tells David, "You have chosen the pathway to your present destination. The responsibility for your situation is yours." Do you believe that an individual's present state is solely determined by personal choice and responsibility? Why or why not?
2. Truman says, "Our thinking creates a pathway to success or failure." Can you remember a particular instance when your thinking created success? When your thinking led to failure? Have you seen evidence of this truism in the lives of others?
Chapter Four: King Solomon
The Second Decision: I will seek wisdom.
1. King Solomon says, "We, as humans, are always in a process of change. Therefore, we might as well guide the direction in which we change." How does the decision to "seek wisdom" help you guide the direction in which you change?
2. What point is King Solomon making when he tells David that "serving is a way we can place value on one another"? He says, "A wise man is a server." Why?
Chapter Five: Joshua Chamberlain
The Third Decision: I am a person of action.
1. The book opens with a quotation by Joshua Chamberlain, an obscure figure in American history. How does this quote set the tone for the book? Why do you think Andrews chose a quote by Chamberlain instead of one by another historical figure in the book?
2. Chamberlain's lack of historical recognition does not correspond with his historical contribution. How does this challenge or affirm your definition of success? Through Chamberlain, what does Andrews say about the significance of our actions, especially actions that are unrecognized?
Chapter Six: Christopher Columbus
The Fourth Decision: I have a decided heart.
1. Through Columbus, what does Andrews say about the world's perception of madness and its definition of reality?
2. When does persistence toward a goal become insanity and when is it an admirable trait for success?
Chapter Seven: Anne Frank
The Fifth Decision: Today I will choose to be happy.
1. Is Anne's life considered a success in this book? Why or why not?
2. Do you think the pictures hanging in Anne Frank's room are a metaphor for a stagnant life of failure or do they represent a vibrant life of success?
Chapter Eight: Abraham Lincoln
The Sixth Decision: I will greet this day with a forgiving spirit.
1. President Abraham Lincoln tells David that the key to his future is forgiveness. Why is forgiveness such an important step for David at this point in his life? Whom does he need to forgive?
2. Is this Decision of greater importance than the other Decisions? Why or why not?
Chapter Nine: Gabriel
The Seventh Decision: I will persist without exception.
1. David visits the archangel Gabriel in "the place that never was," a large celestial warehouse that holds the lost dreams of humanity. Why is it important that David's last visit with a historical figure occurs in this place?
2. Talk about the treatment of "fear" in the book. What is the relationship between fear and success? Why does Gabriel say that faith and fear are the same?
Andy Andrews* is a comedian, author, inspirational speaker, corporate entertainer, television celebrity, and a serious fisherman. He has performed for four United States presidents; appeared at Ceasars Palace, The Mirage, and Bally's in Las Vegas; and toured with stars such as Kenny Rogers, Joan Rivers, Cher, Randy Travis, Garth Brooks, and Bob Hope. He also wrote the Storms of Perfection series, a collection of true stories of courage and triumph; Tales from Sawyerton Springs, a series of short stories first published in Country America magazine; and the Go For It series for children. Find out more about Andy Andrews at _URL_.
*It is the author's hope that your exploration of the Seven Decisions will lead to an extraordinarily fulfilled life and the desire to share the Decisions with others.


In the 1970s, Florida environmentalists who had invented the notion that landfills were going to overrun America came up with the idea of making coral reefs out of tires. A few short decades later, the clean-up costs when those all came loose were 100X the supposed savings and tires have fallen out of favor as clever quick fixes since then.
Leave it to people in Tennessee to find a new use for old tires. Oak Ridge National Laboratory
researchers have found a way to use them to make better lithium-ion batteries.
By modifying the microstructural characteristics of carbon black, a substance recovered from discarded tires, a team led by Parans Paranthaman and Amit Naskar is developing a better anode; the negatively charged electrode used as a host for storing lithium during charging.
 Published in RSC Advances. Source: DOE/Oak Ridge National Laboratory


text:
Lesson PlansBack to lesson plans archive August 8, 2013
The Great Gatsby curve – Lesson Plan
By Katie Gould, Teacher Resource Producer for NewsHour Extra
Economics, Government, Social Issues
One hour and 30 minutes
If students have not read or seen "The Great Gatsby" have them find an online plot overview of the novel so they will have context for the lesson. For example Spark Notes has a good plot overview available in both written and video form:
Warm up activity
In this activity students will authentically experience how having (or not having) resources contributes to their ability to produce materials that are in demand and as well as sustain themselves as a society through a resource simulation.
Materials needed for warm up activity
- 3 pens (or pencils)
- 3 pairs of scissors
- 1 glue stick or bottle of glue
- 20 paper clips
- paper ruler (provided)
- patterned paper (on pdf) – 2 stripe sheets, 2 wood sheets, 2 wave sheets, 2 white sheets, 1 polka-dot sheet
- 4 large manila envelopes
- Print off the envelope pages, fill the envelopes with the following items (see instruction for each group on envelope pages), and staple a copy of items list onto a manila envelope. (Example here)
- Divide the students into four groups (of four or five). *Note, if you have enough students to fill 8 groups simply divide the class in half and create two separate simulation groups (you will need to double the number of envelopes and materials as well.)
- Explain to the class that each group will be getting a different set of resources but to win you will have to complete the s tasks of creating "food", "minerals", "education" and "shelter" in the shortest amount of time. Each item they must make with their materials is an important part of basic human needs as well as some items that contribute to a successful economy.
- Students will have 25 minutes to complete their items
- Students may trade with each other to get the materials they don't have but need to complete the task.
- Students may only use the materials from their envelope and will be disqualified for using other materials not directly from the envelope.
- Students caught stealing will be sent to "jail" and their team will have to work without their help for five minutes.
- Items will be measured by the teacher with a ruler and they must be exactly the size required in the directions.
After the students have accomplished the task and a winner is declared, debrief them by asking them the questions below
- Discuss what happened in their groups, and in the class as a whole.
- How did the amount of your resources affect your ability to complete your task?
- How does a person's financial resource situation affect their ability to lead their lives?
- What did you learn from the simulation?
In this part of the lesson student will gain an understanding economic inequality in the United States and other countries. They will be given a glossary to scaffold their understanding of economic terms, view a short video on economic inequality, and read an article about the new economic concept "The Great Gatsby Curve". Questions for each section can be found on the questions and responses sheet.
Materials needed for main activity
- Computer, internet access, and a projector or SmartBoard
- "The Great Gatsby Curve: Inequality and the End of Upward Mobility" glossary
- "The Great Gatsby Curve: Inequality and the End of Upward Mobility" questions and responses sheet
- Washington Post article
- "The Great Gatsby Curve: Inequality and the End of Upward Mobility" repurposed article
- Infographic from the White House
- Pass out "The Great Gatsby Curve" glossary for students to use throughout the lesson.
- On the "The Great Gatsby Curve" questions and responses sheet have students respond individually to the following questions:
- Do you believe that there is financial inequality in the United States? Why or why not?
- Why do you think that there are certain people who have not been able to become rich? How can someone become wealthy?
- Play the first 1:40 from the "The Great Gatsby" trailer and have students watch to re-familiarize themselves with the story
- Explain to the students that they are now going to see one perspective on "Wealth Inequality in America". Let them know to expect that this film supports the belief that things are not equal between the poor, the middle class and the wealthy, and that this is not the only perspective. However, the facts in the video have been checked and are supported by research done at the Washington Post. Pass the Washington Post article out to students so they can use it later to assess and support the validity of the video.
- Play the animated short film "Wealth Inequality in America", stopping when appropriate to answer questions. Ask students to write down anything that surprised them while they are watching the video.
- First have them write down their own answer on the questions and responses sheet, then discuss with the class what they thought about the videoDid it seem true? What surprised you? Did your answers from the questions before change after watching the video?
- Now pass out the repurposed article, "The Great Gatsby Curve" and read together using the glossary to promote understanding of the economic vocabulary. An infographic that may be helpful for understanding is from the White House's website.
- Discuss the article with students and then have them answer the following questions about the article on their questions and response sheet:
- Is having an economic system with inequality a good thing that reflects the hard work, skills and ambition of some, and the laziness, and lack of desire to be successful in others?
- Does inequality limit opportunities for the poor to create a better future for their children, and place unfair barriers to success on them regardless of their talent?
- For homework as the students to write an essay answering the following question found on their questions and response sheet:
- In your own words explain the "Great Gatsby Curve" and why it may play a key role in our understanding of how the American economic system works? Make sure to include an explanation of the graph, use terminology from the Glossary, and provide specific examples from the article. Please write or type on a separate sheet of paper.
Special thanks to Brian Dunnell for sharing his "Resource" simulation that has been adapted for this lesson.
The Materials You Need
Tooltip of materials
Common Core Standards
Tooltip of standarts
Relevant National Standards:
- CCSS.Math.Content.8.SP.A.1 Construct and interpret scatter plots for bivariate measurement data to investigate patterns of association between two quantities. Describe patterns such as clustering, outliers, positive or negative association, linear association, and nonlinear association.
- CCSS.Math.Content.8.SP.A.2 Know that straight lines are widely used to model relationships between two quantitative variables. For scatter plots that suggest a linear association, informally fit a straight line, and informally assess the model fit by judging the closeness of the data points to the line.
- CCSS.Math.Content.HSS-ID.C.9 Distinguish between correlation and causation.
- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.7.1 Cite several pieces of textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.7.3 Analyze the interactions between individuals, events, and ideas in a text (e.g., how ideas influence individuals or events, or how individuals influence ideas or events).
- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.7.4 Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze the impact of a specific word choice on meaning and tone.
- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.7.6 Determine an author's point of view or purpose in a text and analyze how the author distinguishes his or her position from that of others.
- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.7.8 Trace and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is sound and the evidence is relevant and sufficient to support the claims.
- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.8.1 Cite the textual evidence that most strongly supports an analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.8.2 Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.8.6 Determine an author's point of view or purpose in a text and analyze how the author acknowledges and responds to conflicting evidence or viewpoints.
- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.8.7 Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of using different mediums (e.g., print or digital text, video, multimedia) to present a particular topic or idea.
- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.8.8 Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is sound and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; recognize when irrelevant evidence is introduced.
- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.9-10.1 Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
- CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.9-10.4


text:
Emmet Till's original casket will be put on display in the Smithsonian after it was found rusting in a cemetery shed.
Emmet Till's original casket will be put on display in the Smithsonian.
The Associated Press reports that The glass-topped coffin is headed to the museum to be preserved as part of American history. This news comes exactly 54 years after he was lynched in Mississippi for whistling at a White woman. The men responsible for Emmett's death were never convicted.
"Part of the responsibility of a national museum is to help people to remember," said Lonnie Bunch, who heads the Smithsonian's planned National Museum of African American History and Culture, "and through this donation we will ensure that future generations will remember how the death of a child, a mother's courage, helped to transform America."
The casket was found rusting in a shed at Burr Oak Cemetery in suburban Chicago. It was turned up during an investigation into the illegal resale of burial plots at the facility. More than 300 bodies were found disinterred and tossed into a mass grave.
In 2005, Emmett had been dug up for a new investigation into his death and he was re-buried in a new casket.
– Sonya Eskridge


Take the 2-minute tour ×
On shabbat we don't wear tefillin because shabbat is an אות. However yom tov is not referred to as an אות. So why don't we wear tefillin on yom tov?
share|improve this question
I thought this question was going to be easily google-able, and it isn't. Huh... good question. :) – rosenjcb May 11 at 7:53
2 Answers 2
The Rambam (Hil. Tefilin 4:10) disagrees with you. He says:
וכן שבתות וימים טובים, אינן זמן תפילין, שנאמר "והיו לך לאות" (ראה שמות יג,ט), ושבתות וימים טובים הן עצמן אות.
The Rambam says clearly that Yom Tov is an אות and therefor does not warrant putting on Tefillin.
The Rambam's source is a Gemara (Menachot 36):
ר' עקיבא אומר יכול יניח אדם תפילין בשבתות וימים טובים? תלמוד לומר "והיה לאות על ידך ולטוטפות בין עיניך", מי שצריכין אות, יצאו שבתות וימים טובים שהן גופן אות
The question now becomes: How is Yom Tov an אות?
The Aruch Hashulchan in Hil. Tefilin 31:3 answers this in 2 ways:
 1. That Yom Tov is also called a שבתון - we even see it called שבת as in ממחרת השבת regarding Sefirat HaOmer. So it has the same אות status as Shabbat.
 2. The fact that Melacha is forbidden makes it an אות (as per the Tos. HaRosh)
 3. Since Yom Tov is [also] זכר ליציאת מצרים - in memory of the Exodus, it is an אות. (as per the Rokach 30)
share|improve this answer
Hard to call it disagreeing. All of your 2/3 suggested answers agree it isn't ever actually called an אות. – Double AA May 11 at 9:00
If an איסור מלאכה makes it an אות, then why does the Torah use the terminology of ״אות״ regarding shabbos? And by the way shabbos is also זכר יציאת מצרים! – David Feigen May 11 at 10:07
_USER_ - 1. It's not unusual for the Torah not to repeat itself, but rather to rely on some connection/Drush. 2. Correct - note the [also] I inserted, for that very reason. – Danny Schoemann May 11 at 11:46
The ערוך השלחן is not listing three ways that we know יו"ט is an אות; rather the first one in your numbered list is how we know יו"ט is an אות, and the other two explain the nature of the אות (although, as the ערוך השלחן explains at the end of סעיף ד, the nature of the אות might also have a bearing on whether the שבתון comparison extends to חוה"מ). In fact, other explanations quoted in the ערוך השלחן for the nature of the אות are that the day itself is the אות (Rashi, Rif, Or Zaru'a, Rabbeinu Elyakim), or that the mitzvos associated with the chagim are the אות (Tos. HaRosh). _USER_ – Fred May 11 at 17:26
_USER_ - correct, 31. Edited. – Danny Schoemann May 12 at 7:51
Additionally, Pesach Mitzrayim is refered to in the Torah as an ot, and as all the yamim tovim are connected to the Exodus, there's a sort of transitive operation by which the others can be considered otot as well.
share|improve this answer
well yea that is why the Misheh Brura calls yomim tovim an Ot in siman 31:1 – user4784 May 28 at 0:54
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