text:
Can static illusions be cast on and move with moving objects?
As a 20th-level Illusionist Wizard, I can make an illusion of:
- a functioning volcano (Mirage Arcane)
- or a ferocious monster (Major Image)
- that can even deal damage (Phantasmal Force)
But using an illusion spell, can I, for example:
- put an illusory sweater on my dog?
- put an illusory blade on the end of my normal wooden staff that follows the staff even while I use it? (it would look scary!)
- put an illusory vase on a table, which moves with the table if the table is pushed? (it wouldn't get knocked over, of course)
Note: This question is about the general function and utility of illusion spells as a school of spells in 5e rather than about a specific spell. If specific illusion spells give different answers, that is a valuable part of the answer to this question.
Illusions can be cast at a place on the ground, and they stay there unless the spell gives you the ability to move them.
If the ground moves, does the illusion move? Does the D&D world spin like Earth does or fly through space? If so, the illusion usually moves with the ground on which it was cast.
Can an illusion spell such as Minor Illusion or Silent Image be cast on an object such as a sword or a table? If that object is then moved, does the illusion move with it? What about an illusory hat on my ally's head?
Put another way, what is the reference frame in which an illusion is cast, and is this something the caster can choose?
Clarification: I am not asking if I can pick up an illusion and move it, only if the illusion can be attached to something other than a fixed point on the ground and what happens when that something moves. A Minor Illusion would still be a simple, stationary object sort of illusion.


G Messaging
A time saving and basic gesture detector app that allows you to store and detect your custom gestures.
These gestures can be used to recognize corresponding text values for sending sms.
Following are the guidelines for using G-SMS.
1. Add the gestures with its respective text values which can be used later to send SMS.
2. You can view and delete gestures with its corresponding text values."
3. Add text by drawing gestures and send SMS easily.
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from 14 reviews


text:
VKTM, DBRM, and PSP0
Oracle Real Application Clusters Administration and Deployment Guide and Oracle Clusterware Administration and Deployment Guide for more information about background processes specific to Oracle RAC and Oracle Clusterware
The process monitor (PMON) monitors the other background processes and performs process recovery when a server or dispatcher process terminates abnormally. PMON is responsible for cleaning up the database buffer cache and freeing resources that the client process was using. For example, PMON resets the status of the active transaction table, releases locks that are no longer required, and removes the process ID from the list of active processes.
PMON also registers information about the instance and dispatcher processes with the Oracle Net listener (see "The Oracle Net Listener"). When an instance starts, PMON polls the listener to determine whether it is running. If the listener is running, then PMON passes it relevant parameters. If it is not running, then PMON periodically attempts to contact it.
The system monitor process (SMON) is in charge of a variety of system-level cleanup duties. The duties assigned to SMON include:
Recovering terminated transactions that were skipped during instance recovery because of file-read or tablespace offline errors. SMON recovers the transactions when the tablespace or file is brought back online.
Cleaning up unused temporary segments. For example, Oracle Database allocates extents when creating an index. If the operation fails, then SMON cleans up the temporary space.
Coalescing contiguous free extents within dictionary-managed tablespaces.
SMON checks regularly to see whether it is needed. Other processes can call SMON if they detect a need for it.
The database writer process (DBWn) writes the contents of database buffers to data files. DBWn processes write modified buffers in the database buffer cache to disk (see "Database Buffer Cache").
Although one database writer process (DBW0) is adequate for most systems, you can configure additional processes—DBW1 through DBW9 and DBWa through DBWj—to improve write performance if your system modifies data heavily. These additional DBWn processes are not useful on uniprocessor systems.
The DBWn process writes dirty buffers to disk under the following conditions:
When a server process cannot find a clean reusable buffer after scanning a threshold number of buffers, it signals DBWn to write. DBWn writes dirty buffers to disk asynchronously if possible while performing other processing.
DBWn periodically writes buffers to advance the checkpoint, which is the position in the redo thread from which instance recovery begins (see "Overview of Checkpoints"). The log position of the checkpoint is determined by the oldest dirty buffer in the buffer cache.
In many cases the blocks that DBWn writes are scattered throughout the disk. Thus, the writes tend to be slower than the sequential writes performed by LGWR. DBWn performs multiblock writes when possible to improve efficiency. The number of blocks written in a multiblock write varies by operating system.
See Also:Oracle Database Performance Tuning Guide for advice on configuring, monitoring, and tuning DBWn
The log writer process (LGWR) manages the redo log buffer. LGWR writes one contiguous portion of the buffer to the online redo log. By separating the tasks of modifying database buffers, performing scattered writes of dirty buffers to disk, and performing fast sequential writes of redo to disk, the database improves performance.
In the following circumstances, LGWR writes all redo entries that have been copied into the buffer since the last time it wrote:
A user commits a transaction (see "Committing Transactions").
An online redo log switch occurs.
Three seconds have passed since LGWR last wrote.
The redo log buffer is one-third full or contains 1 MB of buffered data.
DBWn must write modified buffers to disk.
Before DBWn can write a dirty buffer, redo records associated with changes to the buffer must be written to disk (the write-ahead protocol). If DBWn finds that some redo records have not been written, it signals LGWR to write the records to disk and waits for LGWR to complete before writing the data buffers to disk.
Oracle Database uses a fast commit mechanism to improve performance for committed transactions. When a user issues a
COMMIT statement, the transaction is assigned a system change number (SCN). LGWR puts a commit record in the redo log buffer and writes it to disk immediately, along with the commit SCN and transaction's redo entries.
The redo log buffer is circular. When LGWR writes redo entries from the redo log buffer to an online redo log file, server processes can copy new entries over the entries in the redo log buffer that have been written to disk. LGWR normally writes fast enough to ensure that space is always available in the buffer for new entries, even when access to the online redo log is heavy.
The atomic write of the redo entry containing the transaction's commit record is the single event that determines the transaction has committed. Oracle Database returns a success code to the committing transaction although the data buffers have not yet been written to disk. The corresponding changes to data blocks are deferred until it is efficient for DBWn to write them to the data files.
Note:LGWR can write redo log entries to disk before a transaction commits. The redo entries become permanent only if the transaction later commits.
When activity is high, LGWR can use group commits. For example, a user commits, causing LGWR to write the transaction's redo entries to disk. During this write other users commit. LGWR cannot write to disk to commit these transactions until its previous write completes. Upon completion, LGWR can write the list of redo entries of waiting transactions (not yet committed) in one operation. In this way, the database minimizes disk I/O and maximizes performance. If commits requests continue at a high rate, then every write by LGWR can contain multiple commit records.
LGWR writes synchronously to the active mirrored group of online redo log files. If a log file is inaccessible, then LGWR continues writing to other files in the group and writes an error to the LGWR trace file and the alert log. If all files in a group are damaged, or if the group is unavailable because it has not been archived, then LGWR cannot continue to function.
Oracle Database Performance Tuning Guide for information about how to monitor and tune the performance of LGWR
The checkpoint process (CKPT) updates the control file and data file headers with checkpoint information and signals DBWn to write blocks to disk. Checkpoint information includes the checkpoint position, SCN, location in online redo log to begin recovery, and so on. As shown in Figure 15-4, CKPT does not write data blocks to data files or redo blocks to online redo log files.
See Also:"Overview of Checkpoints"
The manageability monitor process (MMON) performs many tasks related to the Automatic Workload Repository (AWR). For example, MMON writes when a metric violates its threshold value, taking snapshots, and capturing statistics value for recently modified SQL objects.
The manageability monitor lite process (MMNL) writes statistics from the Active Session History (ASH) buffer in the SGA to disk. MMNL writes to disk when the ASH buffer is full.
In a distributed database, the recoverer process (RECO) automatically resolves failures in distributed transactions. The RECO process of a node automatically connects to other databases involved in an in-doubt distributed transaction. When RECO reestablishes a connection between the databases, it automatically resolves all in-doubt transactions, removing from each database's pending transaction table any rows that correspond to the resolved transactions.
See Also:Oracle Database Administrator's Guide for more information about transaction recovery in distributed systems
An optional background process is any background process not defined as mandatory. Most optional background processes are specific to tasks or features. For example, background processes that support Oracle Streams Advanced Queuing (AQ) or Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) are only available when these features are enabled.
This section describes some common optional processes:
The archiver processes (ARCn) copy online redo log files to offline storage after a redo log switch occurs. These processes can also collect transaction redo data and transmit it to standby database destinations. ARCn processes exist only when the database is in ARCHIVELOG mode and automatic archiving is enabled.
Oracle Database uses job queue processes to run user jobs, often in batch mode. A job is a user-defined task scheduled to run one or more times. For example, you can use a job queue to schedule a long-running update in the background. Given a start date and a time interval, the job queue processes attempt to run the job at the next occurrence of the interval.
Oracle Database manages job queue processes dynamically, thereby enabling job queue clients to use more job queue processes when required. The database releases resources used by the new processes when they are idle.
Dynamic job queue processes can run a large number of jobs concurrently at a given interval. The sequence of events is as follows:
The job coordinator process (CJQ0) is automatically started and stopped as needed by Oracle Scheduler (see "Oracle Scheduler"). The coordinator process periodically selects jobs that need to be run from the system
JOB$ table. New jobs selected are ordered by time.
The coordinator process dynamically spawns job queue slave processes (Jnnn) to run the jobs.
The job queue process runs one of the jobs that was selected by the CJQ0 process for execution. Each job queue process runs one job at a time to completion.
After the process finishes execution of a single job, it polls for more jobs. If no jobs are scheduled for execution, then it enters a sleep state, from which it wakes up at periodic intervals and polls for more jobs. If the process does not find any new jobs, then it terminates after a preset interval.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Compared to VCO calibration, Kvco cal is much more straightforward. First, what is Kvco? Kvco is VCO's frequency/voltage gain in unit of Hz/V. It measures how much VCO output frequency changes relative to VCO's input control voltage (Vt or Vtune) change. As shown in below diagram, Kvco is the slope of the curve of Frequency vs Vt.
Next why do we need to calibrate Kvco? Simple, Kvco can't be too small otherwise slow VCO response and narrow output frequency adjust range. Kvco can't be too large either otherwise VCO output phase noise will worsen.
How to calibration Kvco? Below is the circuit. PLL works in closed loop.
- set PLL frequency divider so that fvco = ftarget + Delta. Wait until PLL settles and then use ADC to measure Vtune as Vt1.
- set PLL frequency divider so that fvco = ftarget – Delta. Wait until PLL settles and then use ADC to measure Vtune as Vt2.
- firmware calculates Kvco = (Vt1-Vt2)/2/Delta and then programs some PLL control register with this result to adjust Kvco.
In above, Delta can be 1Mhz, 10Mhz, etc. whichever fits your design.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
This Robot's Offspring Will Clean Your Future Home
- 6:36 PM
Bossa Nova Robotics has developed a robot that the company says is "the first step towards the creation of a 21st century personal robotics platform for everyday consumers." It's called Project mObi, and instead of wheels or even bipedal legs, it uses a sphere for locomotion.
This "ballbot" approach is based on technology patented by Carnegie Mellon's Robotics Institute. The robot balances and moves around on a sphere at its base, which lets it navigate deftly through human environments and means it can have a slimmer profile. I think it gives the robot prototype a kind of Rosie from The Jetsons look. Or maybe a Dyson vacuum cleaner.
mObi stands 4 feet, 9 inches tall and is 19 inches at its widest point. Up top it uses a tablet as a head, and that blue circle on its body is its "Emotive Light Array," which looks like it could be used for signaling what state or mode it's in. It can run Windows or ROS, the open source Robot Operating System.
You won't be seeing mObi inside homes and businesses anytime soon, though. The robot will first be available to developers and researchers in 2013. In the meantime, if you want something robotic wheeling around your office you'll just have to settle for a telepresence device like the Beam.
via IEEE Spectrum


text:
- scipy.spatial.distance.yule(u, v)¶
Computes the Yule dissimilarity between two boolean 1-D arrays.
The Yule dissimilarity is defined as
where is the number of occurrences of and for and.
u : (N,) array_like, bool
v : (N,) array_like, bool
yule : double
The Yule dissimilarity between vectors u and v.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


ular rectangular occluder. The opacity of the occluder has been mentioned to be a necessary condition to obtain da Vinci stereopsis. However, this opacity constraint has never been empirically tested. In the present study, we tested whether da Vinci stereopsis and perceptual transparency can interact using a classical da Vinci configuration in which the opacity of the occluder varied. We used two different monocular objects: a line and a disk. We found no effect of the opacity of the occluder on the perceived depth of the monocular object. A careful analysis of the distribution of perceived depth revealed that the monocular object was perceived at a depth that increased with the distance between the object and the occluder. The analysis of the skewness of the distributions was not consistent with a double fusion explanation, favoring an implication of occlusion geometry in da Vinci stereopsis. A simple model that includes the geometry of the scene could account for the results. In summary, the mechanism responsible to locate monocular regions in depth is not sensitive to the material properties of objects, suggesting that da Vinci stereopsis is solved at relatively early stages of disparity processing. PMID:21906614
 1. Situação da Mulher na Astronomia Brasileira
 NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
 Silva, Adriana V. R.
 2007-07-01
 O conteúdo desse texto surgiu de uma apresentação de mesmo título que fiz na XXXI Reunião Anual da Sociedade Astronômica Brasileira (SAB) em 2005. Esse tema foi inspirado originalmente pela minha participação no "2nd UIPAP International Conference on Women in Physics" realizado entre 23 e 25 de maio de 2005 no Rio de Janeiro. Essa é uma conferência internacional que acontece de três em três anos, sendo que a primeira ocorreu em 2002 na cidade de Paris, França. Participei dessa conferência como membro da delegação da Sociedade Brasileira de Física e um dos trabalhos que apresentei versava sobre a situação das mulheres na Astronomia brasileira, cujos resultados principais discorro a seguir. A situação das astrônomas, baseada nos dados dos sócios da SAB coletados no final de 2004, é comparada com a das físicas brasileiras e também com as nossas colegas americanas. Os dados identificam ainda uma maior evasão da carreira por parte das mulheres do que os homens. Alguns dos possíveis motivos da evasão são discutidos, como o desejo de constituir família e/ou isolamento. Resultados um tanto preocupantes com relação à distribuição de bolsas de produtividade do CNPq também são apresentados. As principais discussões e estratégias recomendadas nesse congresso são mencionadas de forma resumida ao final.
 2. Asteroid 1986 DA - Radar evidence for a metallic composition
 NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
 Ostro, S. J.; Rosema, K. D.; Campbell, D. B.; Chandler, J. F.; Hine, A. A.; Hudson, R. S.
 1991-01-01
 Echoes from the near-earth object 1986 DA show it to be significantly more reflective than other radar-detected asteroids. This result supports the hypothesis that 1986 DA is a piece of NiFe metal derived from the interior of a much larger object that melted, differentiated, cooled, and subsequently was disrupted in a catastrophic collision. This 2-kilometer asteroid, which appears smooth at centimeter to meter scales but extremely irregular at 10- to 100-meter scales, might be (or have been a part of) the parent body of some iron meteorites.
 3. Experience with ATLAS MySQL PanDA database service
 NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
 Smirnov, Y.; Wlodek, T.; De, K.; Hover, J.; Ozturk, N.; Smith, J.; Wenaus, T.; Yu, D.
 2010-04-01
 The PanDA distributed production and analysis system has been in production use for ATLAS data processing and analysis since late 2005 in the US, and globally throughout ATLAS since early 2008. Its core architecture is based on a set of stateless web services served by Apache and backed by a suite of MySQL databases that are the repository for all PanDA information: active and archival job queues, dataset and file catalogs, site configuration information, monitoring information, system control parameters, and so on. This database system is one of the most critical components of PanDA, and has successfully delivered the functional and scaling performance required by PanDA, currently operating at a scale of half a million jobs per week, with much growth still to come. In this paper we describe the design and implementation of the PanDA database system, its architecture of MySQL servers deployed at BNL and CERN, backup strategy and monitoring tools. The system has been developed, thoroughly tested, and brought to production to provide highly reliable, scalable, flexible and available database services for ATLAS Monte Carlo production, reconstruction and physics analysis.
 4. Identification of domains on the extrinsic 23 kDa protein possibly involved in electrostatic interaction with the extrinsic 33 kDa protein in spinach photosystem II.
 PubMed
 Tohri, Akihiko; Dohmae, Naoshi; Suzuki, Takehiro; Ohta, Hisataka; Inoue, Yasunori; Enami, Isao
 2004-03-01
 To elucidate the domains on the extrinsic 23 kDa protein involved in electrostatic interaction with the extrinsic 33 kDa protein in spinach photosystem II, we modified amino or carboxyl groups of the 23 kDa protein to uncharged methyl ester groups with N-succinimidyl propionate or glycine methyl ester in the presence of a water-soluble carbodiimide, respectively. The N-succinimidyl propionate-modified 23 kDa protein did not bind to the 33 kDa protein associated with PSII membranes, whereas the glycine methyl ester-modified 23 kDa protein completely bound. This indicates that positive charges on the 23 kDa protein are important for electrostatic interaction with the 33 kDa protein associated with the PSII membranes. Mapping of the N-succinimidyl propionate-modified sites of the 23 kDa protein was performed using Staphylococcus V8 protease digestion of the modified protein followed by determination of the mass of the resultant peptide fragments with MALDI-TOF MS. The results showed that six domains (Lys11-Lys14, Lys27-Lys38, Lys40, Lys90-Lys96, Lys143-Lys152, Lys166-Lys174) were modified with N-succinimidyl propionate. In these domains, Lys11, Lys13, Lys33, Lys38, Lys143, Lys166, Lys170 and Lys174 were wholly conserved in the 23 kDa protein from 12 species of higher plants. These positively charged lysyl residues on the 23 kDa protein may be involved in electrostatic interactions with the negatively charged carboxyl groups on the 33 kDa protein, the latter has been suggested to be important for the 23 kDa binding [Bricker, T.M. & Frankel, L.K. (2003) Biochemistry42, 2056-2061]. PMID:_PHONE_
 5. 40 CFR 60.45Da - Standard for mercury (Hg).
 Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
 2010-07-01
 ... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Standard for mercury (Hg). 60.45Da... for mercury (Hg). (a) For each coal-fired electric utility steam generating unit other than an IGCC... gases that contain mercury (Hg) emissions in excess of each Hg emissions limit in paragraphs...
 6. Training and Health. Leonardo da Vinci Series: Good Practices.
 ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
 Commission of the European Communities, Brussels (Belgium). Directorate-General for Education and Culture.
 This document profiles programs in the fields of health and medicine that are offered through the European Commission's Leonardo da Vinci program. The following programs are profiled: (1) CYTOTRAIN (a transnational vocational training program in cervical cancer screening); (2) Apollo (a program of open and distance learning for paramedical…
 7. The DaVinci Project: Multimedia in Art and Chemistry.
 ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
 Simonson, Michael; Schlosser, Charles
 1998-01-01
 Provides an overview of the DaVinci Project, a collaboration of students, teachers, and researchers in chemistry and art to develop multimedia materials for


text:
Family History and Research
About the Name and Coat of Arms
Other versions of the crest are found in various references. At St. John's Parish Church on Jersey, there is a wood carving of it and several other prominent Jersey fief surnames. One branch of the family (associated with La Maison du Mont Protre may have abandoned or never used the spur. It apears to display roses. A postage stamp published by the Jersey Post also displays the roses as the Poingdestre crest wthout the fist and spur.
The Poingdestre Family Coat of Arms can trace its roots back to ancient times where it was probably carried onto the battlefield with honor and chivalry to defend family, allies, King and country. The coat of arms of the Poingdestre Family of the Isle of Jersey, from which many of the Poindexter families of America are descended, is described as follows from Burke's General Armory 1884 (2):
The Earliest "Poingdestre"
Landers (1) says "evidence indicates that the name is actually endemic to Jersey, no traces of its early use existing elsewhere on the mainland of France or England". The earliest record he cites is 1250 in the archives at St. Lô in Normandy, that mentions that Geoffrey and Raoul Poingdestre are land owners in Jersey.
However, Landers did publish over 25 years ago. Recent research by Dr. Judith Everard (3) indicates a Ppe Roll (a skin or parchment on which information was written and stored rolled up to look like a modern day pipe) reports Ricardus Poingdestre, in the Bayeux District of the Bessin in Normandy (Lower Normandy) in 1180 and in 1195. Ricardus appears on Page 5, in the book "Pipe Rolls of the Exchequer of Normandy for the Reign of Henry ll, 1180 and 1184". The pipe roll was researched by The Royal Pipe Role Society and published in 2004. Judith also reported that the surname also appears in a pipe roll during the rule of Henry l which has not yet been published.
Dr. Everard is co-author of the book "Jersey 1204-The Forging of an Island Community" (3). Eight hundred years ago, Duke John of Normandy (aka King John of England) lost the Duchy of Normandy to King Phillip of France. This event was crucial to Jersey's development to what it is today. In the years following 1204, families with lands in Normandy and Jersey were forced to abandon lands in Jersey if loyal to Phillip Augustus or in Normandy if loyal to John. Some families were able to split the lands between two sons, thus creating a split in family genealogies. This may have happened as there are Poingdestre/Poindexter's in France today (some of these however may have descended from a family that left Jersey and moved to the Cotinin Pennisula of Normandy in the 1500's. The Jersey 1204 book talks about such land divisions, but does not follow or mention the Poingdestre family.
The Name "Poingdestre"
The name Poingdestre is claimed by some authorities to have been derived from the Latin word "punge", meaning to "Spur" and the French word "destrier", meaning "a steed or Courser". Its literal meaning under this reasoning would be "Spur the Steed" and it would probably have been originally used as a nickname. It is considered more probable, however, that the name originated in the heraldic term 'point dexter' one of the nine chief local points of escutcheon or shield. The name is also frequently given the significance of "the right hand" from this last mentioned source, dexter being the heraldic term for 'right'.
From the web site "_URL_", POINDEXTER is described thus:
(origin: Fr.) The same as Hotspur, or spur the steed; point being derived from pungo, to pierce, to prick; and dexter, right, as opposed to left; a word expressive of readiness of limbs, adroitness, expertness, and skill.
Today, you will find Poingdestre's around the world, in Australia, New Zealand, England and even in America. But you find few Poindexter's outside the U.S. where our immigrant's Latinize version is used.
Poingdestre or Poindexter?
According to Landers (1), educated persons of the Renaissance would Latinize their surname to, as we would add Dr. to the begriming or our name or "PhD" at the end. Poindexter is the Latinized form of the old Jersey surname Poingdestre. Since our immigrant, George, was educated at Oxford, he probably used the Latin form in his business dealings, and somehow that is the form that stuck with us, his American descendants.
During medieval times, the name was pronounced Pon'-dest, with a Norman French accent, of course. Today, in the Isle of Jersey, it is pronounced Pon-chess-ter or Pon-des-ter, depending which branch you are asking on Jersey. While touring Jersey in 1998, the webmaster found residents of Jersey instantly recognizing and pronouncing my American spelled name as if it was spelled as it is in Jersey. One ticket taker at Gorey Castle informed me that I spelled it wrong!
The Jersey Datestones Project has an example of a marriage stone between Jean Poingdestre and Elizabeth Touzel as seen here and on the Project's web page with a more detailed description.
To add content to the PDA Web Site's Family History and Research section, contact the webmaster.


text:
Tae Kim on Tuesday assured full cooperation and supports for all the works that aimed to strengthen the ties between Korea and Tamil.
Inaugurating the Conference on World Tamil Research, organized by the Tamil Research Foundation (TRF) and International Tamil Cultural Research (ITCR) Foundation here, he appreciated the interest and passion dedicated to Korea, especially on the time-honored relationship between Korea and Tamil.
Stating that Korea and India has at least 2,000 years of history of exchange, he said "however, if we use time-machine to go back to the ancient times, we will probably find much more evidences than we have now".
Noting that the kinship relation between Korea and India started 2,000 years ago from the first international marriage, he said according to a Korean history book, an Indian princess named 'Suriratna' from Ayodhya came to Korea and married KIM Su-ro, the first King of Gaya Kingdom located in the southern part of Korean peninsula.
"Today, there are millions of Koreans, descendants of King Kim Su-ro and Queen Huh Huang-ok, including me, who can trace back their lineage to this union", he added.
Recalling the visit of Korean First Lady Kim Jung-sook to India in last November, Mr Hyung Tae Kim said during the visit she attended the 'Queen Huh Memorial Park groundbreaking ceremony' in Ayodhya in Uttar Pradesh.
The UP government provided 10,000 sqms land for museum and the memorial of Queen Huh and would expect it to be a hot tourist attraction, he added.
Observing that Tamil might have stronger relation with Queen Huh than any other area of India, he said "reflecting evidences related to ancient trades and cultural exchanges between the southern area of Korean peninsula and Tamil, we have to put more of our energy to find out what had happened between korea and Tamil and India 2,000 years ago".
He said this close relation was further strengthened when Buddhism traversed its holy journey from India to Korea in the fourth century.
Stressing the need to study the Indo-Korean history of exchange with more imagination, as there must be so many mysteries waiting to be found, he hoped that all the prominent academics working for World Tamil Research would further find out and cultivate the firm foundation of 'mutual understanding' between Tamil and Korea.
A Tamil traditional weapons antiquity and traditional Tamil musical instruments expo was also organized, which were also did not failed to draw the attention of the participants.
TRF Founder Sivakumar and ITCR Foundation chairman Mr. Orissa Balu, President Ms.Sindhia Lingaswamy, Organising Secretary Viswanaath were also present on the occasion.


this. This information is gleaned from people who have
done this and report good results. How long the crown will stay after you do this is not certain.
Down bearing is the force of the strings pushing downward on the bridge top. Crown is the curvature of the sound board upward across the board in all directions. The crown should be 3/8 to 7/8 inch if you were to use a straight edge underneath the sound board, holding the ends of the straight edge at opposite sides of the edge of the sound board. This is impossible to do, so the bearing is measured from above.
You must first use a straight edge or a Bearing Gauge to determine if you have any crown, or down bearing. The strings must technically go uphill from both the top and bottom edge to the bridges. The easy bridge to check is the bass bridge. It is out in the open. Any amount of bearing is usually satisfactory, but no bearing, or worse, negative bearing, means the strings are trying to ride up away from the bridge and simply vibrate in the air instead of transferring the sound into the sound board.
Use the Bearing Gauge, placing it on the top of the bridge along a string. The outer ends of the gauge should have a slight open space between them and the string.
This gets weird. You must have let ALL the tension off the piano harp. This means this technique is ONLY to be tried on pianos under restoration of some sort. You may leave the harp, the metal plate, in the piano, but the tension must be taken off the harp completely. This is done by letting off the tension of all the strings by using the tuning pins. Do this in at least three steps, letting the tension off the whole scale in stages. The ideal is to have the strings out of the piano.
This instruction is for grand pianos, but it can be adapted to uprights if you raise the upright off the floor on heavy saw horses. This is dangerous though without the right equipment to raise an upright into the air.
REMOVE THE DAMPERS AND THE DAMPER ACTION INSIDE THE PIANO. If you do not do this, these parts could be damaged by the humidity added later to bend the sound board. See Chapter Five for instructions to remove the action.
REMOVE THE TOP, OR LID, OF THE PIANO, AND THE LID PROP. You want to be down to the cabinet, harp, and sound board only.
DO NOT REMOVE THE HARP. In fact, tighten the large screws around the edge of the harp if they are loose.
With the tension off the strings, find a humidifier, and place it under the piano. Secure or weight down a block of wood about 12 inches square to the floor as a point of reference. If you have carpet, you need to weight the board down so that it cannot raise later. It you have a late era home with a hard surface floor, forget the block of wood and measure from the floor.
You will now stack small blocks of wood and a wedge between the ribs of the sound board and the heavy structural wood beams below the sound board. Do this at every point where a rib and heavy wooden beam intersect.
DO NOT DRIVE WEDGES BETWEEN THE LARGE WOOD MEMBERS AND the sound board itself. This could destroy the sound board. Only put wedges between the ribs and the beams.
Do this wedge routine in a circle about midway between the edge of the sound board and the center of the sound board.
Do not drive the wedges any tighter at this time.
Get all the wedges snug in about a circle under the sound board, and take measurements.
Measure VERY CAREFULLY the distance from the block of wood on the floor (or measure from the hard floor surface) to a point at the center of the sound board. Mark that point clearly.
Tack a string to the extreme edges of the sound board, possibly on a rib, secured at both ends and crossing the center point you marked. This will be a second point of reference. Make sure the string is level with all the ribs across the sound board.
Measure in 64ths of an inch from the string to your mark in the center of the sound board.
Write down both reference measurements you now have.
Tap in the wedges around the circle of wedge points over and over in stages and measure frequently until the center of the sound board is 1/2" raised higher than when you started. Measure over and over so that you raise the board evenly all around. Do this in several modest trips around the circle of wedges.
Once you have the center of the sound board at 1/2" higher than when you started, you are ready to do the heat and humidity treatment.
Secure a home humidifier and a space heater.
Turn on the humidifier for three hours. ALSO, place a space heater under the piano on low, and cover the piano with a trap. You want the under area of the piano to get up to around 90 degrees F. So, set the space heater for this temperature, or use a thermometer to check it. This step will expand and bend the sound board upward. Wood is bent with moisture and heat.
WARNING: This process could damage the outer cabinet of the piano if it is old and weak already. YOU decide if you want to take the risk. If you are not sure of yourself, you should have a new sound board installed.
You now want to set the wood so it keeps its crown you have restored. LEAVE THE WEDGES IN PLACE SO THAT THE SOUND BOARD IS UNDER TENSION UPWARD. You are now going to dry the sound board out completely.
Remove the humidifier and heater. Place a dehumidifier under the piano, and you now want to dry it WITH THE TENSION STILL ON THE BOARD. Dry it for 24 hours with only the dehumidifier-- NO HEATER. If you can set the humidity level on the dehumidifier, set it at the low setting so it will keep the humidity at 30% under the piano. Do this again with the tarp over the piano.
After the 24 hours of drying, remove the dehumidifier and tarp, and remove wedges and blocks and see if the crown was restored by measuring again by both measuring options.
What you see is what you get. If you did not gain much then your piano is not going to respond to this technique. I would not try a second treatment.
This is an act of desperation, but it is a secret used in many restoration shops. If you determine that you have added crown to the board, you may go on with restoration. Measure again after all the tension is back if you want to, but you may find that you have gained only a little crown, or you may find the restored crown has stayed well. If you have ANY crown, do not go back and do it again.
One last suggestion. Do NOT be reluctant to call an older experienced piano technician and compare notes. This is a bit of a crazy sounding technique, and it is always good to listen to all the voices you can get to help.
With the strings and harp out of the piano, you can put tension upward on the sound board. Then make groves in the top of the board across the center and possibly to the right an left of the center IN THE SAME DIRECTION WITH the grain of the wood. Tap shims into the grooves with Elmer's Carpenter's Glue, which you can buy from us, and then tool off the wood of the shim sticking up with a plane or other wood working tool. The grooving tool and angled shims are available from us so that the groove is at the same angle of the shims.
Once the tension is let off the underside of the sound board, a certain amount of crown will be restored as the shims prevent the board from returning to level. How much grooving, and how much tension on the underside of the board, is up to you. It is done in some restoration shops though.
On to task 58


text:
The Managing Director of Operations at the World Bank, Anna Bjerde, is scheduled to arrive in Nigeria for a crucial two-day visit, marking her first official trip to the country in her current capacity. This visit underscores the World Bank's deepening engagement with Nigeria's development agenda.
Bjerde's itinerary in Nigeria will focus on various pillars of Nigeria's development strategy, including macroeconomic and fiscal policies, energy access, digital infrastructure enhancement, and skill development. A key highlight of her visit will be her participation in the Western and Central Africa Ministers of Finance meeting, co-hosted by the Nigerian government and the World Bank.
During this meeting, Bjerde will discuss the region's ambitious developmental goals and explore the role of enhanced International Development Association (IDA) resources in accelerating growth, job creation, and sustainable development.
Throughout her visit, Bjerde will engage in high-level bilateral meetings with key figures such as Mr. Olawale Edun, the Minister of Finance and Coordinating Minister of the Economy; Mr. Abubakar Atiku Bagudu, the Minister of Budget and Economic Planning; and Mr. Olayemi Cardoso, the Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). Additionally, she will lead a roundtable discussion with prominent private sector leaders from the energy and digital sectors.
Accompanying Bjerde on this significant visit are notable World Bank figures, including Ousmane Diagana, Vice President for Western and Central Africa; Sérgio Pimenta, Vice President of the International Finance Corporation (IFC) for Africa; and Ethiopis Tafara, Vice President of the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency.
The World Bank's role in Nigeria is substantial, with over $15 billion in commitments supporting 30 active programs as of January 2024. Beyond financing, the World Bank provides policy advisory services, institutional strengthening, and implementation support. The International Finance Corporation (IFC) also plays a crucial role in Nigeria, with a $2.0 billion investment portfolio focused on promoting diversified growth, inclusivity, sustainability, and job creation. This includes initiatives to enhance access to finance for MSMEs, promote universal and green energy, and support agribusiness and manufacturing sectors.


text:
Vietnam: Weather & when to go
Vietnam Weather Summary
Despite being a relatively small country, Vietnam holds a variety of climates that differ depending on location. Within its over 3,200 kilometres of coastline and dense, tropical inland, three distinct weather patterns can be found.
While one end of the country is experiencing tropical patterns of hot weather and thick humidity, the other end could be on the brink of freezing temperatures and light snowfall. First-time visitors to Vietnam seldom grasp this great difference in climates, but understanding Vietnam's varying weather patterns can make (or break!) one's experience of travelling here.
What's the best means of understanding the different climates of the country? Breaking down the weather variations depending on the four different regions of travel: the mountainous north, the traditional north, central and south Vietnam. The question on all first- time travellers:
When referring to Vietnam's mountainous north, there are two distinct climates to keep in mind for travel. The far-north region known by many as Sapa has a dry season, running from October to late March, and a wet season, running from April to September. As mentioned previously, the months of December and January can get very cold (snow is possible, but not always likely), particularly in the evenings.
Generally speaking, for those who are looking for more ideal conditions for visiting the north, the period between October and early April, which marks the traditional 'dry season' is the better time to visit. Rainfall is less likely, though appropriate clothing will be required in the colder months. The rainy season (May-September) can make for a beautiful visit as well, however it may make for more soggy explorations.
Trekking and adventure:
For travellers looking to do trekking in the far northern regions of Vietnam, the best conditions are when the weather is cool and dry. September-November is the ideal time to visit, when daytime temperatures hover around 15 to the high 20's, with cooler nights betwee 10 to low 20's. While trekking and adventure sport is possible year-round, the late winter months and wet season can make for more trying conditions.
The region of Hanoi and its surrounding provinces are marked by clear winter and summer months. From November to April (winter), temperatures are much cooler, with average temperatures around the low 20's. Summer spans between May and October, when humid weather, high rainfall and hot temperatures are predominant. For travellers looking to visit Halong Bay, the experience is best avoided between the months of July-September when the rainfall can be heavy and unpredictable (sometimes cancelling trips.)
Central Vietnam generally refers to the region spanning from Hue to Nha Trang, including the very central regions of Danang and Hoi An. The hot season of the country's midsection ranges from mid-January to late August (temperatures and humidity climbing as the months carry on), ultimately rolling into the wet season between September-late December. The months between October and November see the most rainfall, often coming in swells alongside typhoons from the east.
Being a touch farther north, Hue's temperatures tend to be slightly cooler than those of Danang and Hoi An, with a grand mountain range separating the two provinces (creating its own erratic weather patterns).
Farther south down the coast from Hoi An in Quy Nhon, the weather stays strikingly similar, with a dry season the lasts just a touch longer. Extending a bit further to Nha Trang, and the dry season carries on even longer, spanning from early January to late September. Most of the region's rains fall between the months of October and November, however the rainfall is considerably less than that in Danang and Hoi An.
Finally, in the central highland region of Dalat, the wet season runs between June to October and the dry season from November to May. December and January are also dry, however temperatures can get quite chilly as well. For outdoor adventure seekers, the wet season in Dalat can prove to be a bit more testing.
South Vietnam is an anomaly compared to the rest of the country, with more steady conditions observed throughout the year. The dry season runs from November to early May, with the highest temperatures being between late February and May. The wet season runs between May to November, with June-August receiving the most rainfall. Unlike its northern neighbours, however, the rainfall in the south is often heavy, but short lived. This means for the travellers who don't mind braving the squalls, they may still be treated to good weather in the 'rainy' season.
The far south of Vietnam (the islands of Phu Quoc and Con Dao) are beautiful year round, enjoying temperatures between the mid 20s and 30's- ideal for vacations! While there is a small rainy season, squalls are also heavy and short lived.
What is the best time of year to visit Vietnam?
Because the weather of Vietnam greatly varies by region, there is no exact 'best time' to visit. In the mountainous north and traditional northern regions (i.e. Sapa and Hanoi, respectively), May to October marks a period of hot and humid weather, accompanied by high rainfall. The opposite period of November to April is defined by cooler, more dry weather, with more extreme variations existing in the mountainous north. Whilst Hanoi can certainly get chilly, December & January in the Sapa region of Vietnam can get properly cold, creating the potential conditions for snow. A bit further down the coast in Central Vietnam, January-August marks a period of hot, semi-humid weather (temperatures hovering in the 30's), while the opposite period of September-December sees cooler temperatures and potential heavy rains. Finally, in the southern Vietnam regions, November to August means hot and semi-humid weather (central and southern Vietnam are seldom dry), May-October marks the very hot and humid period, with the heaviest rainfall between June-August.


text:
Historian, pulp and adventure writer, as well as screen writing darling in the early 20th century, Harold Lamb's fiction is kith and kin with that of younger contemporary Robert E. Howard. But, where Howard blended fantasy elements, Lamb was a fastidious fan of historical detail. And yet, his stories of the Crusades and even the 17th century read like heroic fantasy fiction, as if the magic and gods people believed to be out and about were very real to the world where their absence was silently noted.
"The Edge of a Sword", from Riders of the Steppe, is a tale of Cossacks and boyars and swords and talk of magic and full contact class warfare, and it's pretty wicked. While there's sword fighting and talk of curses and magic inscriptions on swords, it's the life of the 17th century Steppe that makes the take so vibrant and alive. The massive distance people traveled, and how foreign lands might as well be Narnia to those who's whole lives were lived around a village well. It's historical fiction that reads like fantasy, I suppose, and while not lacking in the kind of biases and whatnot WASP types tend to inflict on their historical understandings of foreign cultures, this was perhaps the first time I'd read about a Cossack being a rough and tumble rogue with a heart of gold who fights for a personal code of honor. So, kudos to Harold Lamb. I hope the rest of the stories are up to this standard.


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Let $A,B\in M_{n}(\mathbb{R})$ so that $A>0, B>0$.
I need to prove that $\det (A+B)>\max (\det(A), \det(B))$.
I want to use Sylvester theorem of having a matrix $D$ so that $D=\operatorname{diag}(1,1,\ldots, 1,-1,-1, \ldots-1,0,0,\ldots,0)$.
Do I need to use it? How do I use it here?
Thank you.
share|improve this question
It means that A is symmetric and all it's eigenvalues is bigger than 0. – user6163 May 26 '11 at 12:27
2 Answers 2
up vote 1 down vote accepted
1) First prove your result when $A=I_n$ and $B$ is diagonal.
2) Next, use the theorem of diagonalisation of quadratic forms : If $A>0$ and $B$ is symmetric, then there exists $P$ invertible such that $P^{t}AP=I_n$ and $P^{t}BP$ is diagonal.
share|improve this answer
Thank you for the comment, Can you extend 2? – user6163 May 26 '11 at 22:31
Have you learned the theorem which states that every quadratic form in an euclidian space has an orthonormal basis where its matrix is diagonal? It is linked to the sepctral theorem. Try to look at this (first paragraph after Properties) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_matrix – user10676 May 27 '11 at 8:09
Yes, I learned that, I just can't understand what I do with that in this question. – user6163 May 27 '11 at 11:23
We begin by the case in which for example $B$ is diagonal, which diagonal coefficients $b_1,\ldots,b_n$. If we expand the determinant $\det(A+B)$ thank to multi-linearity, we will get a sum of $2^n$ determinants. One is $\det A$ (if we choose the column of $A$) an one is $\det B$. In the others, if we expand the determinant according to the column which correspond to column of $B$, we get the determinant of a matrix related to $A$. For example, if $1\leq i_1<\ldots0$ then $B$ must be symmetric? – Beni Bogosel May 26 '11 at 11:05
Your Answer


Aims & Objectives
"Thriving through great people and superior technology"
Our Campaign Goals are:
 1. Increase the quality and number of scholarship applications
 2. Make the naval sector the highest rated preference for inward career transfers
 3. Create UKNEST Best Practice Knowledge Transfer Guidelines
 4. Create and operate a Naval Enterprise Manpower Model
 5. Increase UKNEST Membership
 1. Increase the recorded naval(ised) R&D budget
 2. Increase R&D value to the naval enterprise
 1. Create a UKNEST Brand and associated guidelines
 2. Create and operate a measurable UKNEST Communication Plan
 3. Regularly publish Thought-Leadership Articles
 4. Support other pan-naval sector initiatives (such as StartPoint)


text:
Dr Clare Gillies of the Department of Health Sciences has carried out a simulation study investigating the clinical and cost implications of screening people 'at risk' for impaired glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. An important outcome of the work shows that early treatment and intervention resulting from this screening is potentially a cost-effective health policy for the UK.
Her research involved comparing the cost and health implications of four different approaches to screening for impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. These were:
- i) no screening
- ii) screening for type 2 diabetes alone resulting in health benefits from early diagnosis and treatment of the disease
- iii) screening for impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes, allowing for both early treatment of diabetes and for lifestyle interventions to be applied to individuals with impaired glucose tolerance to reduce their risk of developing diabetes
- iv) as for iii) but with pharmacological rather than lifestyle interventions.
Gillies developed a computer decision model using data from a number of sources to evaluate the cost and health implications of these four policies.
She said: "The model simulated a population with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, who were aged 45 at the start of the model and thus time of screening. The model was run to estimate the cost and health implications over a 50 year time horizon, and the four different screening policies were then compared.
"Conclusions drawn from the work were that screening for type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance, with appropriate interventions for the latter, in an above average risk population at age 45, appears to be cost effective.
"The cost effectiveness of a policy of screening for diabetes alone, which offered no intervention to those with impaired glucose tolerance, is still uncertain and more information is needed on the long term health implications of early diagnosis and treatment of this disease."
MEDICA.de; Source: University of Leicester


text:
What is a Rule?
A rule is a function or action that enables dynamic form content. An example would be a barcode rule, where a unique barcode is created for each form based on a number that changes like an order number or sales order number.
If not contained within a parent element like a table cell, both constants and rules can be clicked and dragged to any location in the form, independent of the flow of the document.
Adding a Rule: 1D Barcode
1. Right Click –> Add Rule –> 1D Barcode.
2. Name the Rule, select the variable to base the barcode on.
3. Select Barcode color, size and type.
4. The result is a barcode that's value is linked to a variable and will change as the variable changes.


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Thermal shock occurs when a thermal gradient causes different parts of an object to expand by different amounts. This differential expansion can be understood in terms of stress or of strain, equivalently. At some point, this stress can exceed the strength of the material, causing a crack to form. If nothing stops this crack from propagating through the material, it will cause the object's structure to fail.
Failure due to thermal shock can be prevented by;
 1. Reducing the thermal gradient seen by the object, by
 1. changing its temperature more slowly
 2. increasing the material's thermal conductivity
 2. Reducing the material's coefficient of thermal expansion
 3. Increasing its strength
 4. Introducing built-in compressive stress, as for example in tempered glass
 5. Decreasing its Young's modulus
 6. Increasing its toughness, by
 1. crack tip blunting, i.e., plasticity or phase transformation
 2. crack deflection
Effect on materials[edit]
Borosilicate glass is made to withstand thermal shock better than most other glass through a combination of reduced expansion coefficient and greater strength, though fused quartz outperforms it in both these respects. Some glass-ceramic materials (mostly in LAS system[1]) include a controlled proportion of material with a negative expansion coefficient, so that the overall coefficient can be reduced to almost exactly zero over a reasonably wide range of temperatures.
Reinforced carbon-carbon is extremely resistant to thermal shock, due to graphite's extremely high thermal conductivity and low expansion coefficient, the high strength of carbon fiber, and a reasonable ability to deflect cracks within the structure.
To measure thermal shock the impulse excitation technique proved to be a useful tool. It can be used to measure Young's modulus, Shear modulus, Poisson's ratio and damping coefficient in a non destructive way. The same test-piece can be measured after different thermal shock cycles and this way the deterioration in physical properties can be mapped out.
Relative robustness of materials[edit]
The robustness of a material to thermal shock, or thermal shock resistance[2] is characterized with the thermal shock parameter:[3]
R_{\mathrm{T}} = \frac{k\sigma_{\mathrm{T}}(1-\nu)}{\alpha E}\,,
where
Thermal shock parameter in the physics of solid-state lasers[edit]
The laser gain medium generates heat. This heat is drained through the heat sink. The transfer of heat occurs at a certain temperature gradient. The non-uniform thermal expansion of a bulk material causes the stress and tension, which may break the device even at a slow change of temperature. (for example, continuous-wave operation). This phenomenon is also called thermal shock. The robustness of a laser material to the thermal shock is characterized by the thermal shock parameter. [3] (see above)
Roughly, at the efficient operation of laser, the power P_{\mathrm{h}} of heat generated in the gain medium is proportional to the output power P_{\mathrm{s}} of the laser, and the coefficient q of proportionality can be interpreted as heat generation parameter; then, P_{\mathrm{h}}=q P_{\mathrm{s}}. The heat generation parameter is basically determined by the quantum defect of the laser action, and one can estimate q=1-\omega_{\mathrm{s}}/\omega_{\mathrm{p}}, where \omega_{\mathrm{p}} and \omega_{\mathrm{s}} are frequency of the pump and that of the lasing.
Then, for the layer of the gain medium placed at the heat sink, the maximal power can be estimated as
P_{\mathrm{s, max}} = 3 \frac{R_{\mathrm{T}}}{q} \frac{L^2}{h},\,
where h is thickness of the layer and L is the transversal size. This estimate assumes the unilateral heat drain, as it takes place in the active mirrors. For the double-side sink, the coefficient 4 should be applied.
Thermal loading[edit]
The estimate above is not the only parameter which determines the limit of overheating of a gain medium. The maximal raise \Delta T of temperature, at which the medium still can efficiently lase, is also important property of the laser material. This overheating limits the maximal power with estimate
P_{\mathrm{s, max}} = 2 \frac {k \Delta T}{q} \frac{L^2}{h}\,
Combination of the two estimates above of the maximal power gives the estimate
P_{\mathrm{s, max}} = R \frac{L^2}{h}\,
where
R= \textrm{min}
\left\{
\begin{array}{c}
 3 R_{\mathrm{T}}/q\\
 2 k\Delta T/q
\end{array}
\right.
Estimates [4] of maximal value of loss \beta, at which desirable output power P is still available in a single disk laser, versus normalized power s=\frac{\omega_{\rm p}}{\omega_{\rm s}}\frac{P Q}{R^2}, and experimental data (circles)
is thermal loading; parameter, which is important property of the laser material. The thermal loading, saturation intensity Q and the loss \beta determine the limit of power scaling of the disk lasers .[5] Roughly, the maximal power at the optimised sizes L and h, is of order of P=\frac{R^2}{Q\beta^3}. This estimate is very sensitive to the loss \beta. However, the same expression can be interpreted as a robust estimate of the upper bound of the loss ~\beta~ required for the desirable output power P:
~\beta_{\mathrm{max}}=\left(\frac{R^2}{PQ}\right)^{\frac{1}{3}}.
All the disk lasers reported work at the round-trip loss below this estimate.[4] The thermal shock parameter and the loading depend of the temperature of the heat sink. Certain hopes are related with a laser, operating at cryogenic temperatures. The corresponding Increase of the thermal shock parameter would allow to softer requirements for the round-trip loss of the disk laser at the power scaling.
Examples of thermal shock failure[edit]
 - Hard rocks containing ore veins such as quartzite were formerly broken down using fire-setting, which involved heating the rock face with a wood fire, then quenching with water to induce crack growth. It is described by Diodorus Siculus in Egyptian gold mines, Pliny the Elder and Georg Agricola.
 - Ice cubes placed in a glass of warm water crack by thermal shock as the exterior surface increases in temperature much faster than the interior. As ice has a larger volume than the water that created it, the outer layer shrinks as it warms and begins to melt, whilst the interior remains largely unchanged. This rapid change in volume between different layers creates stresses in the ice that build until the force exceeds the strength of the ice, and a crack forms, sometimes with enough force to shoot ice shards out of the container.
 - Incandescent bulbs that have been running for a while have a very hot surface. Splashing cold water on them can cause the glass to shatter due to thermal shock, and the bulb to implode.
 - An antique cast iron cookstove is basically an iron box on legs, that has a cast iron top. One builds a wood or coal fire inside the box and cooks on the top outer surface of the box, like a griddle. If one builds too hot a fire, and then tries to cool the stove by pouring water on the top surface, it will crack and perhaps fail by thermal shock.
 - The causes of three aircraft incidents in the 1990s (United Airlines Flight 585, USAir Flight 427 and Eastwind Airlines Flight 517). Thermal shock caused their power control unit in the tail to jam and cause rudder hardover, forcing the planes in the direction the rudder turns.
 - It is widely hypothesized[by whom?] that following the casting of the Liberty Bell, it was allowed to cool too quickly which weakened the integrity of the bell and resulted in a large crack along the side of it the first time it was rung. Similarly, the strong gradient of temperature (due to the fire) is believed to cause the crash of the Tsar Bell.
 - Thermal shock is a primary contributor to head gasket failure in internal combustion engines.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
 1. ^ Scott L. Swartz, Ceramics having negative coefficient of thermal expansion, method of making such ceramics, and parts made from such ceramics, United States Patent _PHONE_
 2. ^ T. J. Lue; N. A. Fleck (1998). "The Thermal Shock Resistance of Solids". Acta Materialia 46 (13): 4755–4768.
 3. ^ a b W.F.Krupke; M.D


text:
- This article is about the fleet of Time Ships. For the novel of the same name, see The Time Ships.
The Time Ships were a type of massive Time Machine built by the Universal Constructors in an alternate timeline. Like their predecessor, The Time Machine, the ships were capable of free travel through time in any direction. The ships appear to made solely from plattnerite itself. However, these Time Ships were far superior to earlier Time Machines, being capable of traveling further back in time than the beginning of the universe, and beyond that point they were able to perceive different timelines from the beginning. As such, the Time Ships were capable of traveling from timeline to timeline at will.
The Universal Constructors, along with The Time Traveler and Nebogipfel, were taken along for the fleet's maiden voyage, transformed into Constructors themselves. On that voyage, the Constructors were able to enter and create a new timeline which would become both infinite and entirely filled with sentience. (The Time Ships)


text:
Housing equity for health equity: a rights-based approach to the control of Lassa fever in post-war Sierra Leone
Poor quality housing is an infringement on the rights of all humans to a standard of living adequate for health. Among the many vulnerabilities of those without adequate shelter is the risk of disease spread by rodents and other pests. One such disease is Lassa fever, an acute and sometimes severe viral hemorrhagic illness endemic in West Africa. Lassa virus is maintained in the rodent Mastomys natalensis, commonly known as the "multimammate rat," which frequently invades the domestic environment, putting humans at risk of Lassa fever. The highest reported incidence of Lassa fever in the world is consistently in the Kenema District of Sierra Leone, a region that was at the center of Sierra Leone's civil war in which tens of thousands of lives were lost and hundreds of thousands of dwellings destroyed. Despite the end of the war in 2002, most of Kenema's population still lives in inadequate housing that puts them at risk of rodent invasion and Lassa fever. Furthermore, despite years of health education and village hygiene campaigns, the incidence of Lassa fever in Kenema District appears to be increasing. We focus on Lassa fever as a matter of human rights, proposing a strategy to improve housing quality, and discuss how housing equity has the potential to improve health equity and ultimately economic productivity in Sierra Leone. The manuscript is designed to spur discussion and action towards provision of housing and prevention of disease in one of the world's most vulnerable populations.
The complete article is available as a provisional PDF. The fully formatted PDF and HTML versions are in production.


text: Feature selection is crucial to develop a brain computer interface (BCI) system which has high classification accuracy and less computational complexity in especially a large feature space. Feature selection (FS) problem has been solved by many various methods. Among these methods, especially evolutionary computation (EC) techniques have gained a lot of attention in recent years. However, there are very few studies in the literature that consider FS problem as a multi-objective problem to find the optimal trade-off between classification ac-curacy and the number of selected features. Therefore, in this paper, a non-dominated sorting multi-objective symbiotic organism search (NSMOSOS) algorithm is proposed to generate the optimal feature subset in BCI. The efficiency and robustness of the proposed algorithm as a feature selection method is investigated in two datasets based on motor imagery. The highest classification accuracies of NSMOSOS for dataset 1 and dataset 2 are obtained 97.86% with 11 features and 96.57% with average 19 features, respectively. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves satisfying results with regard to both the classification accuracy improvement and feature reduction rates for both datasets. The superiority of the proposed method is verified compared with the existing methods for both datasets. Besides, three different versions of symbiotic search or-ganism (SOS) algorithm are improved, and pros and cons of these algorithms are evaluated compared with each other. In conclusion, the paper indicates that the proposed NSMOSOS algorithm is an efficient and practicable technique for FS problem and could be helpful in developing the BCI applications.


text:
Yellowstone Center for Resources
The Yellowstone Center for Resources (YCR) was created in March 1993 to centralize the park's science and resource management functions. Many of the YCR's resource managers hold advanced degrees that provide them with the knowledge and experience to fill a scientific research role while performing the majority of their work within the realm of resource management. The goals of the YCR are to gather, manage, and analyze data that helps the park better manage natural and cultural resources; understand and mitigate the environmental and historic consequences of proposals; preserve and curate rare, sensitive, and valuable cultural and natural resources; work with park partners to meet resource management goals; and promote transfer of knowledge to other park staff, partners, and the public.
More information on the Yellowstone Center for Resources can be found in the YCR annual reports.


Kotlin program to get the current time in milliseconds
Why you need time in milliseconds?
The current time is different in different parts of the world. And it is not a good practice to use local time in an application. You can either store the time in UTC and convert it to different locals or you can store the milliseconds counted from a specific date-time.
Unix time/Unix timestamp/epoch/POSIX time is the number of seconds that have elapsed since January 1, 1970(midnight UTC/GMT). We can get this time as milliseconds in Kotlin, Java or any other languages. If you are tracking some user events like how much time a user has spent after the first start, you can store the start time and end time as milliseconds. This is just one example.
In this post, I am listing down two different ways to get the current milliseconds in Kotlin. Just go through the examples and drop one comment below if you have any questions.
Method 1 : Using currentTimeMillis() :
currentTimeMillis is defined in System.java. It returns the current time or difference between the current time and midnight, January 1, 1970, UTC in milliseconds. This method is defined as below :
public static native long currentTimeMillis();
The return value is long.
fun main() {
 println(System.currentTimeMillis())
}
Method 2: Using the Calendar class :
This is another Java class. Calendar.java class provides time-related methods. This class is defined in java.util package. To get the current time in milliseconds, we can simply create one instance of Calendar and get the timeInMillis value. It gives us the current epoch time.
import java.util.Calendar
fun main() {
 val calendar = Calendar.getInstance()
 println(calendar.timeInMillis)
}
Combining two :
import java.util.Calendar
fun main() {
 val calendar = Calendar.getInstance()
 println(calendar.timeInMillis)
 println(System.currentTimeMillis())
}
Execute it. You will get output something like below :
1579886694096
1579886694114
There is a small difference because the execution of println takes some time.
Kotlin print milliseconds
Where is the color and why codevscolor ?
Long story short, I love paintings and I paint on weekends. We(me and my wife) have one Youtube channel. Below is a video that I did recently. If you love this please do subscribe to support us 😊❤❤


parsley - Man Page
Name
parsley — Parsley Documentation
Contents:
Parsley Tutorial Part I: Basics and Syntax
From Regular Expressions To Grammars
Parsley is a pattern matching and parsing tool for Python programmers.
Most Python programmers are familiar with regular expressions, as provided by Python's re module. To use it, you provide a string that describes the pattern you want to match, and your input.
For example:
>>> import re
>>> x = re.compile("a(b|c)d+e")
>>> x.match("abddde")
<_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x7f587af54af8>
You can do exactly the same sort of thing in Parsley:
>>> import parsley
>>> x = parsley.makeGrammar("foo = 'a' ('b' | 'c') 'd'+ 'e'", {})
>>> x("abdde").foo()
'e'
From this small example, a couple differences between regular expressions and Parsley grammars can be seen:
Parsley Grammars Have Named Rules
A Parsley grammar can have many rules, and each has a name. The example above has a single rule named foo. Rules can call each other; calling rules in Parsley works like calling functions in Python. Here is another way to write the grammar above:
foo = 'a' baz 'd'+ 'e'
baz = 'b' | 'c'
Parsley Grammars Are Expressions
Calling match for a regular expression returns a match object if the match succeeds or None if it fails. Parsley parsers return the value of last expression in the rule. Behind the scenes, Parsley turns each rule in your grammar into Python methods. In pseudo-Python code, it looks something like this:
def foo(self):
 match('a')
 self.baz()
 match_one_or_more('d')
 return match('e')
def baz(self):
 return match('b') or match('c')
The value of the last expression in the rule is what the rule returns. This is why our example returns 'e'.
The similarities to regular expressions pretty much end here, though. Having multiple named rules composed of expressions makes for a much more powerful tool, and now we're going to look at some more features that go even further.
Rules Can Embed Python Expressions
Since these rules just turn into Python code eventually, we can stick some Python code into them ourselves. This is particularly useful for changing the return value of a rule. The Parsley expression for this is ->. We can also bind the results of expressions to variable names and use them in Python code. So things like this are possible:
x = parsley.makeGrammar("""
foo = 'a':one baz:two 'd'+ 'e' -> (one, two)
baz = 'b' | 'c'
""", {})
print x("abdde").foo()
('a', 'b')
Literal match expressions like 'a' return the character they match. Using a colon and a variable name after an expression is like assignment in Python. As a result, we can use those names in a Python expression - in this case, creating a tuple.
Another way to use Python code in a rule is to write custom tests for matching. Sometimes it's more convenient to write some Python that determines if a rule matches than to stick to Parsley expressions alone. For those cases, we can use ?(). Here, we use the builtin rule anything to match a single character, then a Python predicate to decide if it's the one we want:
digit = anything:x ?(x in '_PHONE_') -> x
This rule digit will match any decimal digit. We need the -> x on the end to return the character rather than the value of the predicate expression, which is just True.
Repeated Matches Make Lists
Like regular expressions, Parsley supports repeating matches. You can match an expression zero or more times with '* ', one or more times with '+', and a specific number of times with '{n, m}' or just '{n}'. Since all expressions in Parsley return a value, these repetition operators return a list containing each match they made.
x = parsley.makeGrammar("""
digit = anything:x ?(x in '_PHONE_') -> x
number = digit+
""", {})
print x("314159").number()
['3', '1', '4', '1', '5', '9']
The number rule repeatedly matches digit and collects the matches into a list. This gets us part way to turning a string like 314159 into an integer. All we need now is to turn the list back into a string and call int():
x = parsley.makeGrammar("""
digit = anything:x ?(x in '_PHONE_') -> x
number = digit+:ds -> int(''.join(ds))
""", {})
print x("_PHONE_").number()
_PHONE_
Collecting Chunks Of Input
If it seemed kind of strange to break our input string up into a list and then reassemble it into a string using join, you're not alone. Parsley has a shortcut for this since it's a common case: you can use <> around a rule to make it return the slice of input it consumes, ignoring the actual return value of the rule. For example:
x = parsley.makeGrammar("""
digit = anything:x ?(x in '_PHONE_')
number = <digit+>:ds -> int(ds)
""", {})
print x("11235").number()
11235
Here, <digit+> returns the string "11235", since that's the portion of the input that digit+ matched. (In this case it's the entire input, but we'll see some more complex cases soon.) Since it ignores the list returned by digit+, leaving the -> x out of digit doesn't change the result.
Building A Calculator
Now let's look at using these rules in a more complicated parser. We have support for parsing numbers; let's do addition, as well.
x = parsley.makeGrammar("""
digit = anything:x ?(x in '_PHONE_')
number = <digit+>:ds -> int(ds)
expr = number:left ( '+' number:right -> left + right
 | -> left)
""", {})
print x("17+34").expr()
print x("18").expr()
51
18
Parentheses group expressions just like in Python. the '|' operator is like or in Python - it short-circuits. It tries each expression until it finds one that matches. For "17+34", the number rule matches "17", then Parsley tries to match + followed by another number. Since "+" and "34" are the next things in the input, those match, and it then runs the Python expression left + right and returns its value. For the input "18" it does the same, but + does not match, so Parsley tries the next thing after |. Since this is just a Python expression, the match succeeds and the number 18 is returned.
Now let's add subtraction:
digit = anything:x ?(x in '_PHONE_')
number = <digit+>:ds -> int(ds)
expr = number:left ( '+' number:right -> left + right
 | '-' number:right -> left - right
 | -> left)
This will accept things like '5-4' now.
Since parsing numbers is so common and useful, Parsley actually has 'digit' as a builtin rule, so we don't even need to define it ourselves. We'll leave it out in further examples and rely on the version Parsley provides.
Normally we like to allow whitespace in our expressions, so let's add some support for spaces:
number = <digit+>:ds -> int(ds)
ws = ' '*
expr = number:left ws ('+' ws number:right -> left + right
 |'-' ws number:right -> left - right
 | -> left)
Now we can handle "17 +34", "2 - 1", etc.
We could go ahead and add multiplication and division here (and hopefully it's obvious how that would work), but let's complicate things further and allow multiple operations in our expressions – things like "1 - 2 + 3".
There's a couple different ways to do this. Possibly the easiest is to build a list of numbers and operations, then do the math.:
x = parsley.makeGrammar("""
number = <digit+>:ds -> int(ds)
ws = ' '*
add = '+'


text:
September 11 – National Hot Cross Buns Day
Posted on September 11, 2012
National Hot Cross Buns Day
Five Food Finds about Hot Cross Buns
- A hot cross bun is a spiced sweet bun made with currants or raisins and marked with a cross on the top, traditionally eaten on Good Friday.
- In many historically Christian countries, buns are traditionally eaten hot or toasted on Good Friday, with the cross standing as a symbol of the Crucifixion.
- They are believed by some to pre-date Christianity, although the first recorded use of the term "hot cross bun" was not until 1733.
- It is believed that buns marked with a cross were eaten by Saxons in honour of the goddess Eostre (the cross is thought to have symbolised the four quarters of the moon); "Eostre" is probably the origin of the name "Easter".
- Others claim that the Greeks marked cakes with a cross, much earlier.
Today's Food History
on this day in…
1721 Rudolph Jacob Camerarius died. A German botanist, he showed the existence of sexes in plants, and identified the stamen and pistil as the male and female organs.
1777 The Battle of Brandywine in the American Revolutionary War. The British win, enabling them to capture Philadelphia.
1851 Sylvester Graham died in Northampton, Massachusetts. He advocated vegetarianism, temperance and the use of coarse ground whole wheat (graham) flour. He developed the Graham cracker in 1829.
1959 Congress passed legislation creating the Food Stamp program.
1961 The World Wildlife Fund, a conservation organization, was founded.


Beam Emission Spectroscopy, BES
Beam Emission Spectroscopy measures plasma turbulence. It registers the light emitted from the neutral particle beams which are injected into the plasma for heating or diagnostic. These particles collide with plasma particles, get excited and emit light. The intensity variations of these emissions reflect the local density fluctuations, from which plasma turbulence can be measured.
Synonyms: BES


text:
I am seeking a developer skilled in writing graphics plugins for Photoshop to create a quick proof of concept for a filter I am designing. The filter can be written as a filter or as a "File->Automate" routine. Ideally, the filter will be written in C#.
Here is what the filter will do:
1. Open the current layer in the filter window.
2. Create a scaled-down version of the image at 320 pixels for the longest side.
3. Run Unsharp Mask on that image, using pre-set values.
4. Display the results of that unsharp mask inside this filter.
5. Use that value to create the unsharp mask on the full-sized image.
5. Return that data to Photoshop.


text:
The woven hammock was the first New World craft tradition recognized and accepted by Europeans. On October 17, 1492, Christopher Columbus noted in his diary the curious "hanging beds" of the Taíno people on the island of Boriquén, now Puerto Rico. These jamacas protected them from soggy terrain, snakes, and forest animals. European sailors put them to use immediately, and the renowned sixteenth century Spanish chronicler, Friar Bartolomé de las Casas, highly recommended them to Spanish travelers. The hammock, still woven today in the Puerto Rican towns of San Sebastián and Las Piedras, is an icon of Puerto Rican traditional crafts and of Native American contributions to Puerto Rican identity.
José "Compay Ché" González was born in 1918 into a family of hammock weavers in San Sebastián's Barrio Robles neighborhood. He began weaving hammocks when he was seven years old, his mother teaching him to extract and prepare fibers (cabuya) from the maguey plant in the fashion of the Taínos encountered by Columbus, and his father teaching him to weave. In 1943, he married Doña Juana Pérez, the daughter of a well-known hammock weaver, and in the late 1940s, he and his father-in-law became the first modern weavers to make hammocks from cotton (cordoncillo). While the convenience and increased productivity afforded by cotton soon replaced maguey fibers as the preferred material, González's respect for the ancient method led him to continue the practice alongside his cotton hammock weaving. The process of scraping the pulp from the maguey fibers, washing and drying them, and coloring them with natural dyes is a tedious process, an art in itself. He has taught the ancient craft to anyone who asked, sharing his knowledge freely and taking on several long-term apprentices. Puerto Rico's veteran crafts promoter Walter Murray Chiesa writes: "... Don José González remains a true living monument, a great artist and a gentleman. His dignity, his friendliness, his generosity, and his loyalty to the art of hammock weaving have been so great, that I do not know any other living person so worthy of representing the greatness and nobility of our master, consecrated craftsmen." These qualities also have earned him the title "El Hamaquero Mayor" (The Great Hammock Weaver) among the hundreds of fellow weavers on the island.
José González has woven hammocks, "the poor man's bed," for 75 years, and is determined to continue his craft. "I will never stop weaving hammocks," he says. He creates various sizes, colors, and styles of hammock, as well as "hammock chairs" and miniature, doll hammocks. In the 1980s and 1990s, numerous craft festivals were dedicated to him. In 1996, he received an honorary doctoral degree from Puerto Rico's Universidad Sagrado Corazón, and in 1997, both the Puerto Rican House of Representatives and Senate officially recognized his work.
National Endowment for the Arts · an independent federal agency


text:
Provide your plants with the essential calcium and magnesium they need with Mills Nutrients Calmag. This high-quality supplement is specifically formulated to correct and prevent deficiencies of these vital minerals, ensuring optimal plant growth and development.
Mills Nutrients Calmag delivers a balanced blend of calcium and magnesium in a highly bioavailable form, allowing for quick and efficient absorption by your plants. These minerals play critical roles in various physiological processes, including enzyme activation, photosynthesis, and cell wall structure.
Using Mills Nutrients Calmag helps maintain the proper nutrient balance in your plants, preventing deficiencies that can lead to stunted growth, yellowing leaves, and reduced yields. It also supports root development, improves nutrient uptake, and enhances overall plant health.
Mills Nutrients Calmag is easy to use and can be added to your nutrient solution. It is suitable for various growing media and cultivation methods, making it versatile for a wide range of plants and crops.
Experience the benefits of Mills Nutrients Calmag and witness the improvement in your plants' health, vitality, and productivity. Elevate your gardening practices and enjoy the satisfaction of lush, thriving plants with this essential calcium and magnesium supplement.
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text:
When temperatures are dropping, eating foods that have a warming effect on the body can help you stay healthy. They'll rev up your circulation, get that blood flowing, and give your immune system a boost!
Warming spices that will heat up your digestive fire, or 'agni' in Ayurveda, include ginger, garlic, onion, cinnamon, pepper, and cloves. Cooking with these is a great way to add warmth to the diet for those with a 'colder' type of constitution. You can even add a sprinkle of cayenne to the inside of your boots, to help keep your toes toasty!
The color of a food can be a useful indicator of whether it will be warming in the body. (Chili pepper!) The rich oranges and yellows of root vegetables such as squashes, sweet potatos and yams, or ruby-colored beets, seem warming just to look at. They're chock-full of healthy antioxidant flavonoids, which gives them their gorgeous color. They're also a great source of complex carbohydrates – to provide your body with long-lasting fuel to stay warm with!


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What could be more entertaining than fire and good music? How about fire that will dance to that music? The following will not only cause flames to pulse to a beat, but it will also allow you to see different wavelengths of audio frequency. The following is my first Instructable, and my entry to the Instructables Science Fair contest.
In addition to documenting the build steps to create something called a Rubens' Tube, I'll also go over some of the basic concepts and science involved with sound waves.
From the moment I discovered what a Ruben's Tube was, I wanted to build one... and considering I was in a physics class at the time, there couldn't have been a better excuse than extra credit.
Update: I'm thrilled to see that this Instructable's become popular, and I'm more than happy to have people build on the project, but please respect the Creative Commons BY-NC-SA license.
Step 1: What is a Rubens' Tube?
Heinrich Rubens was a German physicists born in 1865. Though he allegedly worked with better remembered physicists such as Max Planck at the University of Berlin on some of the ground work for quantum physicists, he is best known for his flame tube, which was demonstrated in 1905.
This original Rubens' Tube was a four meter section of pipe with 200 holes spaced evenly along its length. When the the ends are sealed and a flammable gas is pumped into the device the building pressure will have only one route to equalize. The escaping gas can be lit to form a row of roughly even flames. Upon introduction of a loud speaker to one of the sealed ends, standing waveforms can be seen in the flames.
Within the Rubens' tube, as soon as gas is ignited generally uniform flames will be seen. This is because there is very little pressure differential between any given area of the space inside the tube. Once sound is applied from one end, pressure will change within the tube. Should the sound be an easily measurable frequency, the wavelength will be visible in the series of flames, with the highest flames being where condensation is occurring and the lowest where rarefaction is occurring.
They can also be used as an incredible visualizer for music.
(Note that I've muted that audio intentionally, as I don't own the copyrights to the music being used in the clip, and I'm not sure what the Instructables policy on "fair use" is. Searching on Youtube or Metacafe for "Rubens Tube" will show you several videos with music.)

Would this work without an amplifier because I cannot afford one.

I made this, and yes, the size of the tube dosent matter as long as you have equal gas pressure, and equalt spaced holes in the tube.

I have a few questions about this experiment:

1. Is teflon tape required for this and if we don't use teflon tape, can we use duct tape instead?

2. Would the ruben's tube work for a 2ft long tube?

isn't it compression rather than condensation?

i thought condensation was something that happened on cold windows...

It is somewhat the same thing. To condense is to compress. like compressing water as a gas to water as a liquid on cold windows. Or to compress gas molecules together to form a higher density of gas (instead of turning into liquid).

Very Nice... great the way you included the parts source too.

Thanks!

Awesome Instructable. Reminds me of old talking gas lamps that I can not find a reference for at the moment from the late 1700's and 1800's. I did find London still has gas lamps in place too. Anyhow... I did find this more modern system that seems really interesting also: _URL_
Can i do this with 1" copper pipe with 2m length by using natural gas as fuel???

If I had to guess, I would say that copper will conduct the waste heat too well, and limit you to short burn times. I would stay away from copper and opt for steel. Also, copper is really expensive.

Great instructable! I wanted to make a smaller version for a class project. Could I make it with a 1" dia copper tube and a small speaker? Also does it have to be really long? Could I make it less than 2 ft, or will the sound waves not form correctly? Thanks!

My first prototype is 1" metal tube with 2ft length and a small speaker. It works but doesn't seem quite good because the fire hardly react to the sound wave because the diaphragm are very small. I have improve it by change the small speaker to the normal speaker (with subwoofer), and enlarge the diaphragm by using funnel water and attached it to the tube. It works....but doesn't seem very nice.

Currently I am using 2" tube (I want 3" but couldn't find it anywhere) with 2ft ++ and a normal speaker (with subwoofer). It works perfectly fine.

Conclusion: Use bigger tube with enough length. You don't have to buy anything except the tuba (you have to drill it to make hole), but you can always borrow proper speaker from your friends to try it on your project.

I've not tried this so I don't know for sure. My guess would be that it might be okay if you were working on a smaller scale with everything (including higher frequencies) The a small pip like that is going to have a drastically reduced internal volume, so I don't think you'd be able to expect the unit to produce very tall flames at all. I think it would be interesting to try, though.

is it dangerous,,,if how can we prevent it !!
 does it need high volume of sound??? any cause to speaker????

I did this for a physics project this year. It's a very fun project that I highly recommend trying. However, when you do, save yourself some grief and don't try to use PVC pipe. I thought it would be easier to work with, and I was very wrong. The first time I lit it, it went south so fast I had to use a hose to put it out. We tried to use foil tape to stop the melting, but it promptly burned off due to the heat. Metal HVAC duct works much better.

I am doing this for my science project at school.

I wander why you use propane and not natural gas.

Another warning, DON'T LET LIQUID PROPANE TOUCH YOU. I learned the hard way. The stuff boils at -66 degrees Fahrenheit when not in a cylinder, and it WILL give you a cryogenic burn, which immediately freezes the skin SOLID (it also causes a GIANT). Wear gloves designed to withstand the extreme cold. I was burned a few months, and it kept me from working for an entire week.

Loved it. The video, the theme, the climactic and triumphant ending. Absolutely brilliant. I smell an Oscar!
Looks Crazy...
I saw this Ruben's Tube on an Show called FAQ, and I am from India you can also see the videos of Ruben's Tube from Faq on You Tube. And this Instrucatbles is just Awesome.
to pennyroyal69 , i think the problem is with the size of the holes in your ruben's tube !! Not the size ! You see larger holes mean lower pressur and the fire gets into the tube but make the holes smaller and te length of the flames will increase. Hope it workes :-)

I have built a tube just like yours with a colleague, you can see it in action here: _URL_
Hey i just built one of these out of metal ducting but cant seem to get the pressure high enough. I was wondering what size your holes were and the diameter/fittings used in your fuel delivery system. It seems my regulator wont work without enough backpressure. any ideas or tips would be appreciated.
is it possible to do this rubens tube by using lpg...pls send me wetr it can b done by using lpg to my email id _EMAIL_
Just remember, propane goes down (heavier than air) and it fills the tube first. This is important so you don't get a fuel-air mixture INSIDE the tube before you light it. It's the only reason it doesn't explode.
my rubens tube doesnt light up on the top, but instead lights up inside the tube, and i have to turn off the propane supply immediately to stop the fire. do u know why that happens, and for how long should i allow the propane to build up inside the


text:
Appraisal: understand the impact of transport projects to optimise their benefits
Cost benefit analysis is carried out to assess the benefit of a project for the society. In most countries, such analysis follows strict principles (For example in France: LOTI, 1982 – Royal, 2014).
Cost benefit analysis is based on data from diverse sources and requires a lot of attention and rigour.
Beyond the calculation itself, it requires a real expertise to translate the regulatory principles project by project and to interpret the results.
Furthermore, techniques and the regulatory framework keep evolving, and the practionner need to remain at the top of the state of the art to ensure the latest recommendations have been used.
Our expert consultants have more than 15 years' experience in the area of cost benefit evaluations. They have gathered experience for a large variety of projects (highways, conventional railway, high speed rail), in different environment (urban, rural) and for different target markets (passengers, freight). Based on our experience, we focus on three fundamental elements :
- Particular attention is given to the interface between the different components: monetarised values derived from the demand and revenue forecast, capacity studies, infrastructure studies etc. The quality of the analysis is directly linked to the quality of these inputs and their treatment.
- The search for meaning: what elements contribute most to the benefit, who benefits most, who supports the highest cost? Behind the rate of return and the usual indicators, we use the cost benefit analysis as a central tool to understand the strength and weaknesses of the project.
- A systematic external quality control: the calculations are complex, data sources, stakeholders, horizons, scenarios are numerous and therefore the risk of an error is high. We recognize it and systematically implement external controls.
Why choose EXPLAIN?
Because cost benefit analysis is at the heart of the consultation and decisions process, we guarantee rigour, expertise and quality control for all projects.
Because one of the challenges with cost benefit analysis is its explanation to non-experts, we devote sufficient time to describe and illustrate our calculations and results so as to make them convincing and intelligible and convincing.


Ffa football
What does FFA stand for in soccer?
Football Federation
Why is Australia in the AFC?
Football Australia hoped that the move would give Australia a fairer chance of qualifying for the FIFA World Cup and allow A-League clubs to compete in the AFC Champions League, thereby improving the standard of Australian football at both international and club levels with improved competition in the region.
What is my FFA number?
Your FFA number and family member FFA numbers that are linked to your account can be found on the "Select the person you are registering for" page in brackets next to the participant.
How do I register for FFA number?
If you have NOT registered before, click on "Player Registration ", then "Click here to create an FFA account". Follow the prompts to obtain an FFA number and then register. 4. Enter the players First Name, Last Name and DOB, then press "Search" 5.
What does FFA mean in slang?
Far Far Away
What does FFA stand for now?
Future Farmers of America
What Confederation is Australia a member of?
The Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) is one of the six continental confederations of international association football. Oceania Football Confederation.
Region served Oceania ( Australian continent)
Membership 14 member associations (11 full)
Official language English
Does Australia play football?
Australia has a number of national football teams encompassing several football codes including Australian rules, rugby league, rugby union, soccer, Gaelic and gridiron. Australian football is the most popular sport in Australia, followed by cricket, association football and rugby league.
You might be interested: Ffa my football
Does Australia play soccer?
The Australian national team playing at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, May 2006. Soccer, also known as football, is the most played outdoor team sport in Australia, and ranks in the top ten for television audience.
What is an FFA account?
An FFA ID is a unique identification number assigned to an individual profile in the National FFA database. An FFA ID can be associated with one or more roles (e.g., student, alumni, teacher/advisor, alumni leader, state staff, national staff, sponsor, etc.)
How do I unregister from Playfootball?
How to request a participant de-registration as a Club Log into Play Football admin account. Select 'Registration' Search for the participant using the search fields. Select 'Display Registrations' Select the Active individual by ticking the box. Select 'Bulk action' > De-registration. Enter in 'Request Reason'- optional. Select 'Submit'
How do you play football?
What Are the Rules of Football? Scoring is done by the team on offense. The team on offense has four downs to move the ball 10 yards forward. On the fourth down, a team has the option to either attempt a field goal or a punt. A game is divided into four quarters that last 15 minutes each. apfca
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Last week a fascinating study was published by SBRN member David Dunstan and colleagues in Australia, which examined the acute (e.g. short-term) impact of uninterrupted sitting on metabolic health. In this new study, individuals with overweight or obesity were asked to perform 3 separate conditions in random order.
- Uninterrupted sitting – participants sat for 5 consecutive hours
- Sitting plus light intensity breaks – similar to the uninterrupted sitting condition, except that participants had a 2 minute walk break at a light intensity every 20 minutes throughout the day
- Sitting plus moderate intensity breaks – similar to the light intensity breaks condition, except that the breaks were at a moderate intensity
The figure below nicely demonstrates the basic protocol for the three conditions.
In all three conditions participants were given a standardized 760 calorie test drink at baseline (for reference, that's about the same as a medium McDonald's triple-thick milkshake), and had blood taken every hour to determine the glucose and insulin response. This is pretty similar to an oral glucose tolerance test, except that the test drink included both sugar and fat, while an oral glucose tolerance test involves only sugar. This sort of drink will produce a spike in insulin and glucose levels in the blood, but a healthier person will have a lower spike than an unhealthy person. A big spike in glucose or insulin levels suggests that your body has to work harder to get sugar into your muscles, which is a sign of insulin resistance and a risk factor for diabetes.