text:
Wild rivers get a new look from U.S. forest officials
A cascade oasis just 20 miles from Portland, Mt. Hood National Forest is home to a host of opportunities for recreation. What makes the natural area unique is its nine nationally recognized Wild and Scenic Rivers.
In 2009, Congress designated nine rivers within the forest as part of the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, requiring foresters to plan for those waterways' future protection.
"We are blessed on the Mt. Hood National Forest to have so many scenic rivers," said Laura Pramuk, public affairs officer for Mt. Hood National Forest. "It's a pretty large amount of wild and scenic rivers for one forest."
In an effort to look to the future for conservation and management of those rivers, the Forest Service is working on a plan.
Last year, forest officials polled citizens on what they deemed "oustandingly remarkable" or "unique, rare, or exemplary ... significant when compared to other rivers in the region or nation."
Of the 81 miles of waterways in the Mt. Hood National Forest designated as national rivers, some are recognized for their botany, being critical habitats for endangered species, the recreational opportunities they offer, and other features.
"You have to know what you're protecting before you can write the plan," noted Jennifer Watts with the Business and Public Services department of the Mt. Hood National Forest. "In the Pacific Northwest, there's already multiple layers of protection on our rivers. This plan is an added layer because of the congressional designation."
With those qualities in mind, officials are moving ahead to another public input period and asking people to voice their opinions on what the user capacity and boundaries of the rivers should be. Affected by the plan are the Collawash River, Eagle Creek, East Fork Hood River, South Fork Roaring River, Fifteenmile Creek, Fish Creek, Middle Fork Hood River, South Fork Clackamas River and Zigzag River.
So far, conservation groups like Bark and the Clackamas River Basin Council seem to approve of the overall mission of the plan: to add protections to the rivers on the forest.
Cheryl McGinnis, executive director of the Clackamas River Basin Council, appreciates that the proposed plan balances sustaining natural resources with providing opportunities for recreation. She noted that the Clackamas River's South Fork provides valuable spots to access the water because of its proximity to the Portland area.
"We share an interest with the Forest Service in seeing recreation open to all users . . . not all users at one time, which comes out in the report," she said. "It's important that we preserve and protect the river for future generations. Some areas show overuse, or behavioral issues that require more education."
McGinnis also noted that the plan would support the Clackamas River Basin Council's goal of creating sustainable habitats for fish. "Bolstering fish returns and protecting the water quality is something we're all engaged in," she said, adding that proposed trail maintenance in the plan would reduce sediment loading in the Clackamas River.
While discussing the proposed plan's focus on the Eagle Creek River, Estacada resident David Bugni said he didn't find anything he considered harmful. "I didn't see anything in the regulations for Eagle Creek that was a potential red flag," he said.
Bugni is involved with the development of the Eagle Creek Community Forest, a wooded area that spans more than 1,000 acres and will focus on the area's long-term maintenance needs, fish and wildlife necessities, topography and the implementation of recreational trails. Because of the area that the plan focuses on, Bugni noted it will not affect the creation of the community forest.
"The plan is focused within the Mt. Hood National Forest, which is upstream from the community forest. It will have little impact one way or the other," he said.
McGinnis sees value in protecting Wild and Scenic Rivers around the region. "(The Clackamas River) is a great gem we have in our county," she said.
Bark has often been a key player in public input periods for the forest, especially those related to timber sales. Though not as involved in this plan, policy coordinator Brenna Bell hopes after completed the policy will "change the Mt. Hood National Forest's behavior."
"Often we see lines drawn on a map, but the impact on the ground hasn't changed," Bell noted.
She added she'd be interested to see "what it really means to protect and enhance wild and scenic rivers if commercial timber sales are still being planned and how these management plans will change that."
All work and no play?
"We as an agency based on the outstandingly remarkable values can take actions to enhance those with this plan," Watts told Pamplin Media Group.
To those concerned about the effects a new management plan might have on their weekend play plans, Watts said, "Where rivers had recreation as an outstandingly remarkable value, we'll look for management actions that protect and enhance those opportunities while retaining the free-flowing nature of the rivers. Where recreation wasn't already a value, it'll be dependent on how recreation would affect those values."
For now, Watts encourages people with any interest in the Mt. Hood National Forest and its waterways to review the scoping letter on the plan process at _URL_ and contributed their feedback on what they think the boundaries and user capacities of the rivers should be.
"Public involvement is a key element of the land management planning process," according to a statement from the forest service. "The National Environmental Policy Act and Wild and Scenic Rivers Act provides the framework for public participation in the federal decision making process."
Electronic comments can be submitted at cara.ecosystem-management.org/Public/CommentInput?Project=54674 no later than Monday, Aug. 26.
Written comments can be turned in via mail or hand delivered to the Zigzag Ranger Station between the hours of 7:45 a.m. to noon and 1-4:30 p.m. Monday through Friday, excluding federal holidays.
Comments must have an identifiable name attached or verification of identity will be required. A scanned signature may serve as verification on electronic comments.
When mailing, please address your comments as such: Wild and Scenic River Planning Comments, 70220 E. Highway 26, Zigzag 97049 or BLM Northwest Oregon District, Wild and Scenic River Planning Comments, Attn: Whitney Wirthlin, 1717 Fabry Road S.E., Salem 97306.
You count on us to stay informed and we depend on you to fund our efforts. Quality local journalism takes time and money. Please support us to protect the future of community journalism.


text:
Singular system analysis of the Local Power Range Monitor (LPRM) readings of a Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) in an unstable event
Singular system analysis is a successful technique to separate oscillating components from a given signal. A methodology is proposed to apply this technique to the signals obtained from the LPRMs of a boiling water reactor core and extract the contributions of the in-phase oscillation and the out-of-phase oscillations from the LPRM readings during an unstable event. This methodology has been validated with synthetic signals and simulations of in-phase and out-of-phase oscillations of the Leibstadt reactor. Finally, one case of Ringhals I Stability Benchmark has been analysed.
Keywords: BWR instabilities, singular system analysis, LPRM signals, sinusoidal signals, boiling water reactors, nuclear reactors, nuclear energy, nuclear power, nuclear technology, nuclear science, local power range monitor, in-phase oscillation, out-of-phase oscillations, simulation, neutronic power signals

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


ASQ CQI Certification Exam Syllabus
CQI dumps PDF, ASQ CQI BraindumpsTo achieve the professional designation of ASQ Certified Quality Inspector from the ASQ, candidates must clear the CQI Exam with the minimum cut-off score. For those who wish to pass the ASQ CQI certification exam with good percentage, please take a look at the following reference document detailing what should be included in ASQ Quality Inspector Exam preparation.
The ASQ CQI Exam Summary, Body of Knowledge (BOK), Sample Question Bank and Practice Exam provide the basis for the real ASQ Certified Quality Inspector (CQI) exam. We have designed these resources to help you get ready to take ASQ Certified Quality Inspector (CQI) exam. If you have made the decision to become a certified professional, we suggest you take authorized training and prepare with our online premium ASQ Quality Inspector Practice Exam to achieve the best result.
ASQ CQI Exam Summary:
Exam Name ASQ Certified Quality Inspector
Exam Code CQI
Application Fee USD $70
Exam Duration 270 Minutes
Number of Questions 110
Passing Score 550/750
Format Multiple Choice Questions
Books / Trainings Certified Quality Inspector Certification Preparation
The Certified Quality Inspector Handbook
Schedule Exam Book Your Exam
Sample Questions ASQ CQI Exam Sample Questions and Answers
Practice Exam ASQ Certified Quality Inspector (CQI) Practice Test
ASQ Quality Inspector Syllabus Topics:
A. Basic Shop Math - Solve basic shop math problems using addition, subtraction, multiplication, division of fractions and decimals, squares, and square roots. Use methods such as truncating and rounding to obtain significant digits for positive and negative numbers. (Apply)
B. Basic Algebra - Solve or simplify first-degree and single-variable equations. (Apply)
C. Basic Geometry - Calculate general parameters such as area, circumference, perimeter, and volume for basic geometric shapes. Calculate complementary and supplementary angles. (Apply)
D. Basic Trigonometry - Solve for angles and lengths using trigonometric functions such as sine, cosine, tangent, and the Pythagorean Theorem. (Apply)
E. Measurement Systems - Convert units within and between English and metric measurement systems (SI) such as inch to micro-inch, liter to quart, and meter to millimeter. (Apply)
F. Numeric Conversions - Use various numbering methods such as scientific notation, decimals, and fractions, and convert values between these systems. (Apply)
II. METROLOGY (26 Questions)
A. Common Gauges and Measurement Instruments 1. Variable gauges
- Identify and use variable gauges, including micrometers, calipers, dial indicators, and Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs). Understand linear scales, such as steel rule, and gauge blocks. Use borescopes, thermometers, and temperature probes. (Apply)
2. Attribute gauges
- Identify and use attribute gauges, including thread plugs, progressive rings, flush pins, pin gauges, and radius gauges. (Apply)
3. Transfer gauges
- Identify and use transfer gauges, including small-hole gauges, telescoping gauges, and spring calipers. (Apply)
4. Measurement scales
- Describe and distinguish between dial, digital, and vernier scales. (Remember)
B. Special Gauges and Applications - Identify and describe the following basic tools and components. (Remember)
1. Electronic gauging tools: oscilloscopes, multimeters, and pyrometers.
2. Automatic gauging components: machine vision, ultrasonic, X-ray, and laser.
3. Pneumatic gauging components: air columns, probes, and rings.
4. Force gauging: torque wrenches.
5. Environment instrumentation: hygrometers, chart recorders, and data loggers.
C. Gauge Selection, Handling, and Use 1. 10:1 rule
- Understand the 10:1 rule: inspection measurements require better than the tolerance of a dimension by a factor of 10, and calibration standards require better than the inspection measurements by a factor of 10. (Understand)
2. Gauge selection
- Select gauges according to the feature or characteristic to be measured, the applicable tolerance and the accuracy, environment, and the resolution and capability of the test instrument. Determine whether the type of measurement should be direct, differential, or transfer. (Apply)
3. Gauge handling, preservation, and storage
- Identify and apply various methods of cleaning, handling, and storing gauges. (Apply)
4. Gauge correlation
- Identify and apply methods for establishing the correlation between measurement instruments such as gauge-to-gauge or manual-to-automated process. (Apply)
D. Surface Plate Tools and Techniques 1. Surface plate equipment
- Select and use height gauges, V-blocks, and other indicators to measure various types of features. Understand the care, cleaning, calibration, and lapping of a surface plate. (Apply)
2. Angle measurement instruments
- Identify and use protractors, sine bars, and angle blocks. (Apply)
E. Specialized Inspection Equipment 1. Measuring mass
- Describe and apply weights, balances, and scales. (Apply)
2. Measuring finish
- Describe and apply profilometers, and fingernail comparators. (Apply)
3. Measuring shape and profile
- Describe and apply mechanical comparators, roundness testers, precision spindles, and profile tracers. (Apply)
4. Optical equipment
- Describe and apply optical comparators, optical flats, and microscopes. (Apply)
5. Software-based measurement systems
- Define and describe the use of digital cameras, in-line optical sensors, vision inspection systems (white light/blue light), articulating arms, laser trackers, contracers, and other digital systems for product inspection. Recognize software limitations with regard to locating functional datums, target points and areas, hole positions, and the basic operation of the x, y, and z axes. (Understand)
6. Measuring Inclination
- Define and describe the measurement of the slope or slant of various equipment (mechanical/laser). (Understand)
F. Calibration 1. Calibration systems
- Describe the principles and purpose of a calibration system, including the importance of establishing calibration intervals and uncertainty. Identify and use basic tracking and identification methods such as logs, stickers, radio frequency identification (RFID), barcodes, and other identification codes to control calibration equipment. (Apply)
2. Calibration standards and equipment traceability
- Describe the hierarchy of standards, from working standards through international standards and the documentation process of a measurement device traceable to the international standards. (Remember)
3. Gauge calibration environment
- Describe the effects that environmental conditions have on the calibration process, such as temperature, humidity, vibration and cleanliness of the gauge. (Apply)
4. Out-of-Calibration effects
G. Measurement System Analysis (MSA) - Define and describe the following elements of MSA. (Remember)
1. Bias
2. Stability
3. Precision
4. Accuracy
5. Linearity
6. Repeatability and reproducibility (R & R) studies
A. Blueprints, Drawings, Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T), and Model-Based Definitions 1. Blueprints, engineering drawings, and model-based definitions
- Define and interpret various sections of technical drawings: title blocks, tolerances, change or revision blocks, including notes, scale, and size details. (Apply)
2. Terminology and symbols
- Define and interpret drawing views and details for product specifications or other controlling documents. Define and use various terms and symbols from the ASME Y14.5M standard. (Analyze)
3. Position and bonus tolerances
- Calculate position and bonus tolerances from various drawings. (Analyze)
4. Part alignment and datum structure
- Determine part alignment and setup using the datum structure. (Analyze)
B. Sampling - Define and interpret the following terms related to sampling. (Apply)
1. Acceptance quality limit (AQL)
2. Random sampling
3. Lot and sample size
4. Acceptance number
5. Sampling plans
C. Inspection Planning and Processes 1. Inspection types
- Define and distinguish between inspection types such as incoming material, first-article (first-piece), in-process, and final. (Apply)
2. Inspection errors
- Identify potential inspection errors such as bias, fatigue, flinching, distraction, and poor time management. (Apply)
3. Product traceability
- Identify methods to trace products and materials such as age control, shelf life, first-in first-out (FIFO), barcoding, date codes, and lot and part numbering. (Apply)
4. Identification of nonconforming material
- Describe various methods of identifying nonconforming material such as tagging, labeling, and segregating. (Apply)
5. Levels of severity
Define and describe levels of severity (critical, major, and minor) and apply them to product features and defects. (Apply)
6. Disposition of nonconforming material
- Describe disposition methods including rework, reprocess, reinspect, scrap, and customer waiver, as determined by a material review board (MRB) or other authority. (Apply)
D. Testing methods - Define and use the following methods in various situations. (Apply)
1.


text:
A GROUND-breaking primary school has won three architectural awards.
Sandal Magna Community Primary School won the awards at the Royal Institute for British Architects (RIBA) Northern Network Awards.
The 210-pupil eco-school, which opened in September 2010, won the Northern Network Gold Award, the Category Award for Sustainability and the Project of the Year: White Rose award.
The school is one of the most carbon-efficient schools in the country and has a design based on the nearby housing and factory chimneys.
It was built by Sarah Wigglesworth Architects.
Headteacher Julia Simpson said: "Having occupied this exciting learning environment for 15 months it is gratifying to see how well the building is working for our children and their families.
"The staff and governors are delighted that their partnership with Sarah Wigglesworth Architects and the local authority has resulted in an eco-school which is regarded as an exemplar project both regionally and nationally."
The school was built to replace the previous Victorian building, and many of the old bricks from the original structure are used in the gardens.
The school also has outdoor spaces for planting, quiet games and learning and it's building has been used to teach the pupils about the environment and sustainability.


Table of Contents
 1. Preface
 2. Introduction to Informatica Edge Data Streaming
 3. Licenses
 4. Using Informatica Administrator
 5. Creating and Managing the Edge Data Streaming Service
 6. Edge Data Streaming Entity Types
 7. Edge Data Streaming Nodes
 8. Data Connections
 9. Working With Data Flows
 10. Managing the Edge Data Streaming Components
 11. Security
 12. High Availability
 13. Disaster Recovery
 14. Monitoring Edge Data Streaming Entities
 15. Troubleshooting
 16. Frequently Asked Questions
 17. Regular Expressions
 18. Command Line Program
 19. Configuring Edge Data Streaming to Work With a ZooKeeper Observer
 20. Glossary
User Guide
User Guide
Insert String Transformation Type
Use the Insert String transformation type to insert strings into a record. Insert strings by building an expression of tokens. An Insert String transformation does not perform conditional processing, so it transforms and forwards all the records that it receives.
You can configure the following properties for the Insert String transformation type:
Entity Name
Name of the transformation. Maximum length is 32 characters.
Description
Description of the transformation. Maximum length is 256 characters.
String Expression
Token expression that describes how to transform each record.
Apply Transformation On
Select the source service, target service, or aggregator on which you want to apply the transformation.
Statistics
You can collect and monitor the following statistics:
 - Events Received
 - Bytes Received
 - Events Sent
 - Bytes Sent
 - Time Taken for Transformation (Milliseconds)
Tokens begin with the pound sign (#). Use a built-in token to add a time stamp, host name, or delimiter. Use the custom-string token to add a custom string to the record that you want to transform. EDS also provides a token for the input data, and you must include that token in your expression. Delimiters are optional.
Use the following tokens to construct an expression:
 - #HOSTNAME. Name of the host on which the source service runs.
 - #TIMESTAMP. System time, in milliseconds, recorded from the host that runs the source. The time stamp indicates the time at which the transformation transformed the record.
 - #DATA. Data to transform.
 - #<custom_string>. Custom string to insert.
 - #LF. Line feed delimiter.
 - #CRLF. Carriage return line feed delimiter.
 - #TIMEUUID. Unique identifier to append or prepend to the event based on timestamp and IP address.
 - #RANDOMUUID. Random unique identifier to append or prepend to the event.
You can insert a token multiple times in an expression. For example, you can insert the host name twice, as follows:
#HOSTNAME#DATA#HOSTNAME
EDS does not validate token expressions. Use the following rules to verify that the token expression is valid:
 - The token must begin with the pound sign (#).
 - Use only upper case characters in the token. For example, enter #HOSTNAME, and not #hOSTNAME. If you try to insert a host name with the token #hOSTNAME, EDS considers hOSTNAME as a custom string. Custom string tokens can contain both uppercase and lowercase characters. If all the characters in a string use uppercase, verify that the string does not match the strings in the built-in tokens, such as HOSTNAME or TIMESTAMP.
 - Insert delimiter tokens at the end of your expression.
 - Always include the #DATA token.
 - Do not use an expression that includes only the #DATA token.
If you specify an erroneous token expression for an Insert String transformation, it forwards the record to the targets without performing any transformation.
The following token expression prefixes the host name and the system time to the input data:
#HOSTNAME#TIMESTAMP#DATA
The following token expression appends the custom string MyCustomString to the input data:
#DATA#MyCustomString
The following example appends a line feed delimiter to the input data:
#DATA#LF
The following example appends a unique identifier based on timestamp and IP address to the input data:
#DATA#TIMEUUID
The following example appends a random unique identifier to the input data:
#DATA#RANDOMUUID
If you are transforming raw data, you cannot predict where the strings that you specify in the token expression will appear in a line of data. If the source service breaks a line down into blocks, the transformation appends and prefixes strings to each block of raw data. After transformation, the line includes multiple instances of the prefixed and appended strings.
For example, if you configure the Insert String transformation to prefix the time stamp and append the host name to data, and the source service breaks a line down into three data blocks, the transformed line includes multiple instances of the time stamp and host name strings, as follows:
<timestamp><first_line_fragment><hostname><timestamp><second_line_fragment><hostname><timestamp><third_line_fragment><hostname>
Updated March 19, 2019
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Energy issues in desalination processes
Raphael Semiat*
*Corresponding author for this work
Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review
468 Scopus citations
Abstract
Water, energy, and environmental issues are closely related. New water techniques consume energy, and innovative renewable energy techniques using biofuels and biodiesel consume an incredible amount of water. Different desalination techniques that consume different energy levels from different sources are in use today. Some people, environmentalists, decision makers, and even scientists, mainly in nonscientific publications, consider energy consumption in desalination to be too high and are seeking new ways of reducing it, which often involves increasing capital investment. Efforts should be directed at reducing not only energy consumption but also total water cost. A competent grasp of thermodynamics and heat and mass transfer theory, as well as a proper understanding of current desalination processes, is essential for ensuring beneficial improvements in desalination processes. Thermodynamics sets the absolute minimum limit of the work energy required to separate water from a salt solution. Unavoidable irreversibilities augment the actual energy consumption, yet modern desalination techniques have succeeded in considerably narrowing the gap between actual and limiting energy levels. The implication of this smaller gap is that only marginal energy reductions are possible. The current energy consumption of different desalination processes is reviewed in this paper. A comparison with other common energy-consuming ventures leads to some interesting conclusions.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)8193-8201
Number of pages9
JournalEnvironmental Science & Technology
Volume42
Issue number22
DOIs
StatePublished - 15 Nov 2008
Externally publishedYes
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Energy issues in desalination processes'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this


text:
Tacrolimus trough and dose requirements vary dramatically between individuals of European and African American ancestry. These differences are less well described in other populations. We conducted an observational, prospective, multicenter study from which 2595 kidney transplant recipients of European, African, Native American, and Asian ancestry were studied for tacrolimus trough, doses, and genetic determinants of metabolism. We studied the well-known variants and conducted a CYP3A4/5 gene-wide analysis to identify new variants. Daily doses, and dose-normalized troughs were significantly different between the four groups (P <.001). CYP3A5*3 (rs776746) was associated with higher dose-normalized tacrolimus troughs in all groups but occurred at different allele frequencies and had differing effect sizes. The CYP3A5*6 (rs10264272) and *7 (rs413003343) variants were only present in African Americans. CYP3A4*22 (rs35599367) was not found in any of the Asian ancestry samples. We identified seven suggestive variants in the CYP3A4/5 genes associated with dose-normalized troughs in Native Americans (P = 1.1 × 10 −5 -8.8 × 10 −6 ) and one suggestive variant in Asian Americans (P = 5.6 × 10 −6 ). Tacrolimus daily doses and dose-normalized troughs vary significantly among different ancestry groups. We identified potential new variants important in Asians and Native Americans. Studies with larger populations should be conducted to assess the importance of the identified suggestive variants.
- clinical research/practice
- immunosuppressant - calcineurin inhibitor: tacrolimus
- translational research/science
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Immunology and Allergy
- Pharmacology (medical)

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Potential of Australian Acacias in combating hunger in semi-arid lands
Anthony Rinaudot1, Prakash Patel2 and Lex A.J. Thomson3
(1) World Vision, 1 Vision Drive, East Burwood, Victoria 3151
(2) Project Ecolake, World Union, Sri Aurobindo Ashram, Pondicherry, 605002, India
(3) CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products, PO Box E4008, Kingston, Australian Capital Territory 2614
People living in semi-arid regions of the developing, tropical world who are reliant on annual crops and/or pastures (for livestock) for food are particularly vulnerable to hunger and periodic famine.
A number of species of edible-seeded Australian acacias thrive under adverse conditions; conditions under which annual plants barely survive. These include A. colei, A. coriacea sens. lat. (including A. sericophylla), A. elachantha, A. torulosa, A. tumida and A. victoriae. The seeds of these species are tasty, safe to consume as a moderate component of human diets and nutritious, being high in protein, carbohydrates and fats. In many regions, such as semi-arid tropical west Africa, the seeds ripen at a time of low labour demand when non-irrigated crops are not being cultivated. Being perennial and thus having an established root system, mature acacias can take advantage of rains that would be ineffective for annual crops (e.g. out of season or poorly distributed rains). Acacia seeds are easily harvested and processed into flour using simple, existing local technologies. The flour can be incorporated into local dishes and in 'non traditional' foods such as spaghetti, bread and biscuits. The seed also has great potential as feed for livestock. Being hard-coated, seeds can be stored for many years as a reserve for famine. Acacias can also supply various other products, especially fuelwood, and services such as improvement of soil fertility through fixation of atmospheric nitrogen.
This paper reviews current knowledge and trials and the use of edible acacias in Africa and India. Certain Australian species have a vast potential as new food crops, worthy of larger scale promotion, particularly in semi-arid regions of the world.


text:
Winter Trout Spawn
The scene is a trout angler's dream come true. Or nightmare of the highest order. All around this corner of the Manchester trout hatchery, 2-pound, 3-pound…7 and 8-pound rainbow trout splash in holding tanks. Glistening, colorful…but with no room to flip a fly or redworm.
"We're spawning rainbow trout today," explains Randy Mack, DNR hatchery technician, as he and two co-workers wrestle 40 female trout (the big ones) and a similar number of smaller males inside the Manchester hatchery.
Longtime hatchery technician Kenny Linderwell 'trays' the fertilized eggs and sets them into place along the wall. A constant flow of 52 degree water washes over them for about 30 days. The water quantity and quality here have meant a trout hatchery has been on the premises for more than a century.
"We normally spawn enough to produce about 250,000 catchable-sized rainbow trout," explains Mack. "In the wild, rainbow trout in Iowa reproduce very poorly. We spawn them here and raise them for a year and a half, until they are ready to stock."
At some point in 2014, these now fertilized eggs will be half-pound rainbow trout, released into about 50 northeast Iowa streams or – increasingly - into urban lakes around Iowa.
Selective breeding over the years has produced a trout timetable. In October, brook trout are ready to give up their eggs. Iowa's only native trout, they are spawned streamside on South Pine Creek in Winneshiek County. Eggs are brought back to the hatchery to hatch and grow. As they are stocked, they do better in certain streams and overall, are harder to catch than the angler friendly Shasta strain rainbow trout. About 50,000 brookies are stocked each year.
By November, brown trout are spawned. Brood trout are brought from French Creek to the hatchery. They will be raised until fingerling sized, then released to grow wild in several dozen stretches of streams throughout northeast Iowa, supplementing earlier generations of brown trout.
Through December and January, rainbow trout—the backbone of Iowa's program—are ready to spawn. Once a week, crews check outdoor raceways for ripe female brood stock. Back inside, they firmly massage slimy trout bellies to produce a steady stream of golden eggs, to be fertilized, trayed and hatched.
The eggs hatch into sac fry and are switched to indoor raceways in the hatchery. As they consume their yolks, they swim up and learn to feed on commercial pellets; until loaded for the truck ride to a nearby stream. From there, they fend for themselves…or go home in the coolers of 40,000 plus trout anglers.
That number has grown over the years. First sold in 1962, fewer than 22,000 trout stamps were out there in 1970. The number rose slowly and, in 2010, first topped 40,000. Over 43,000 were sold in 2011; boosted in large part by late fall to early spring urban trout stockings.
That cold weather stocking program, rose from just three urban ponds 25 years ago to 16 quarries, ponds and small lakes this winter, brings trout to city anglers. They can fish locally, and if the urge strikes….use that good-for-the-year trout fee to head to northeast Iowa in the spring, summer or fall. In the meantime, several thousand people who might never have fished for—or tasted—trout are hooked.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


A}\cdot d{\bf l} = V(Q) + A_x dx.
\end{displaymath} (105)
Hence,
\begin{displaymath}
\frac{\partial V}{\partial x} = A_x,
\end{displaymath} (106)
with analogous relations for the other components of ${\bf A}$. It follows that
\begin{displaymath}
{\bf A} = {\bf grad} V.
\end{displaymath} (107)
In physics, the force due to gravity is a good example of a conservative field. If ${\bf A}$ is a force, then $\int {\bf A}\cdot d{\bf l}$ is the work done in traversing some path. If ${\bf A}$ is conservative then
\begin{displaymath}
\oint {\bf A}\cdot d{\bf l} = 0,
\end{displaymath} (108)
where $\oint$ corresponds to the line integral around some closed loop. The fact that zero net work is done in going around a closed loop is equivalent to the conservation of energy (this is why conservative fields are called ''conservative''). A good example of a non-conservative field is the force due to friction. Clearly, a frictional system loses energy in going around a closed cycle, so $\oint {\bf A}\cdot d{\bf l} \neq 0$.
It is useful to define the vector operator
\begin{displaymath}
\nabla \equiv \left( \frac{\partial}{\partial x}, \frac{\partial}{\partial y},
\frac{\partial }{\partial z}\right),
\end{displaymath} (109)
which is usually called the grad or del operator. This operator acts on everything to its right in a expression, until the end of the expression or a closing bracket is reached. For instance,
\begin{displaymath}
{\bf grad} f = \nabla f = \left(\frac{\partial f}{\partial ...
...partial f}{\partial y}, \frac{\partial f}{\partial z}\right).
\end{displaymath} (110)
For two scalar fields $\phi$ and $\psi$,
\begin{displaymath}
{\bf grad} (\phi \psi) = \phi {\bf grad} \psi +\psi {\bf grad} \phi
\end{displaymath} (111)
can be written more succinctly as
\begin{displaymath}
\nabla(\phi \psi) = \phi \nabla\psi + \psi \nabla \phi.
\end{displaymath} (112)
Suppose that we rotate the basis about the $z$-axis by $\theta$ degrees. By analogy with Eqs. (7)-(9), the old coordinates ($x$, $y$, $z$) are related to the new ones ($x'$, $y'$, $z'$) via
$\displaystyle x$ $\textstyle =$ $\displaystyle x' \cos\theta - y' \sin\theta,$ (113)
$\displaystyle y$ $\textstyle =$ $\displaystyle x '\sin\theta +y' \cos\theta,$ (114)
$\displaystyle z$ $\textstyle =$ $\displaystyle z'.$ (115)
Now,
\begin{displaymath}
\frac{\partial}{\partial x'} = \left(\frac{\partial x}{\part...
...l z}{\partial x'} \right)_{y',z'}
\frac{\partial}{\partial z},
\end{displaymath} (116)
giving
\begin{displaymath}
\frac{\partial}{\partial x'} = \cos\theta \frac{\partial}{\partial x} +
\sin\theta \frac{\partial}{\partial y},
\end{displaymath} (117)
and
\begin{displaymath}
\nabla_{x'} = \cos\theta \nabla_x + \sin\theta \nabla_y.
\end{displaymath} (118)
It can be seen that the differential operator $\nabla$ transforms like a proper vector, according to Eqs. (10)-(12). This is another proof that $\nabla f$ is a good vector.
next up previous
Next: Divergence Up: Vectors Previous: Volume integrals
Richard Fitzpatrick 2006-02-02


text:
- Psychology & the public
- What we do
- Member networks
- Careers, education & training
We care about the well-being of strangers
People often behave as though they are interested in the wellbeing of the strangers they meet. This is the finding of new research published in the journal PLoS ONE, which looked at the readiness individuals show for cooperating with individuals, their interest in tracking the reputation of others and the ways in which they treat other people.
Max Krasnow, a Postdoctoral Researcher in Psychology at the University of California Santa Barbara's Center for Evolutionary Psychology, noted people often appear to have an interest in the behaviour of individuals they come across, despite the fact they are unlikely to ever see them again.
Mr Krasnow gave the example of a person helping somebody in a wheelchair with their shopping, observing witnessing such an action will elicit feelings of kindness to the helper.
"Equally, if people see someone driven off the road by a reckless driver, they might become angry enough to pursue and even confront the driver," he added.
Chartered Psychologist Sue Firth comments:
"From quite an early age we learn that it's great to be liked and horrible to be disliked. This need for approval and discomfort with disapproval, means that when we meet strangers we're much more likely to give out positive energy and demonstrate a desire to care about people. Our desire to help is therefore representative of how much we enjoy being well thought about. Sending out a message that's uncaring would not be welcoming and incur criticism.
"We can also be quite judgemental of others when faced with negative traits and this impression can last a long time, which is why people show anger when someone is thoughtless or unkind."
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Diverse Exercises: BioVlog 83 of 384
I expand my mind-control experiments by creating diverse exercises to force my brain to separate the movement of one hand from the other, so they can work independently of each other.
For example, I would draw an imaginary four pointed square in the air with my left index finger while simultaneously drawing an Isosceles triangle with my right index finger, with both fingers moving at the same time. Another is to point my index fingers at each other and move the left hand in a circle toward my body while the right hand simultaneously makes a circle away from the body, then I reverse the directions of the circles, or simultaneously trace a circle and a square with the other, or trace a five-pointed star and a three pointed triangle.
Next, I apply these brain tricks to what I love most: cards. I learn to shuffle a deck in each hand; do a one-hand shuffle while performing triple cuts with the other; fan half-decks with both hands; and do simultaneous one-hand shifts with both hands. This is the most ridiculous example of close-up juggling of all: Roll five silver dollars across the knuckles of one hand while performing a longitudinal one-handed shuffle with the other.


text:
Some texts are currently available in German only. We apologize for any inconvenience.
Fri 27 July 2007 - Sun 25 May 2008
Ever since their invention in the 3rd century BC, images carved as raised reliefs from precious stones - called cameos - have been regarded as an epitome of luxury. A cameo was worn as jewellery or displayed in a large metal frame. Where these masterly gems showed pictures of mythical gods and heroes, they often represented encoded messages of claims of superiority and mythical legitimations of power. For this reason, many cameos have survived ancient times, were never buried, were frequently re-worked and re-used.
This is the first exhibition in which the Berlin Collection of Classical Antiquities presents a selection of its cameos - lustrous masterpieces from the period of antiquity to the 19th century otherwise safeguarded in a strongbox. The Art Institute in Chicago has generously lent two previously missing state cameos of Roman emperors. The gemcutter Gerhard Schmidt provides copies of the three largest and most famous cameos of antiquity; the making of these copies is documented in a film available on DVD.


Show All Answers
1. Where can I find the signed Road Ban order?
2. Do I need a permit if my load is divisible?
3. Does the City issue email permits or annual permits anymore?
4. Does the City issue Annual Tridem Axle-Configuration (TAC) Permits anymore?
5. How much can I haul on a 75%, 90%, or 100% road?
6. What does CS1, CS2, and CS3 mean for bridge weight restrictions?
7. Where can I find more information about oversize/over-dimensional and overweight permits?
8. Where can I find information about road conditions in Alberta?


Class 3 Calamity
Class 3 Calamity is a anime/manga concept
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The content below is entirely editable.
The Class 3 Calamity is a curse that haunts the 9th Grade students of Yomiyama North Middle School's Class 3.
Every year in Yomiyama North Middle School's 9th Grade Class 3, past records are mysteriously altered and an unidentifiable dead person joins class as an extra student. Changing rosters or class assignments fails to solve the issue and eventually, the dead student brings enough bad energy into the classroom resulting in a student and one of their family members dying every month.
No permanent cure has been found, however, one class was able to stop the calamity after it began by using currently unknown methods and acts involving a shrine. After years of death, the students and teachers of Class 3 found a preventive measure with a success rate nearing 50%. The students and teachers simply ignore one student and act as if they don't exist, which figuratively puts the class count back at a normal level, and prevents people from dying.
26 years before the start of the series, star student named Yomiyama Misaki tragically died in an accident. Unable to cope with or accept his death, his classmates, teachers, and students acted as if he was still an active member of the class. After graduation, they noticed that he still appeared in class photographs despite being dead.
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text:
Masoud Khademi is a composer and musician of Tar and Setar, in Iran.
He began learning to play the Tar from Roya Harajzadeh, after that he learned the Maroufi and Mirza Abdullah Radif _URL_ under the guidance of Behrouz Hemmati. In 2007, he was named the best Tar player in Iran at the Young Music Festival, and later became a student of Mohammad Reza Lotfi. ( _URL_ ) He played the Mirza Abdullah Radif _URL_ and other things with him, then he went on to learn the Mirza Hosseingholi Radif _URL_ from Dariush Pirniakan. He also learned Setar from Behdad Babaei.
He studied music theory and solfège with Amir Eslami and took courses in electronic music and stylistic with Mohammad Pejutan and harmony with Kiavosh Sahebnasq.
In 2014, he was selected as the Iran's top theatre composer. In 2021, he passed an academic course named "the relationship between persian musical instruments and the western symphony orchestra" with reza vali.(_URL_)
In 2022, he passed some online courses in Berklee, Michigan and Cal Arts universities about music business and branding, music theory, melodic forms and harmony.
Recently, he honored to win composing silver medal for 'Mania' and instrumentalist Boronze Medal for 'The Four Horsemen', from the GLOBAL MUSIC AWARDS, 2022.
Using intervals and figures of Iranian music in different layers creatively as well as changing metric and melodic periods so that a repetitive formal idea is not formed. Also, sometimes the path of sections goes from Iranian folk music to other cultures and talks to them.


text:
Inspire Early Learning Journey is a private entity based in the heart of Melbourne, offering premium services, professional facilities and the highest quality learning programs. Our highly skilled educators are passionate in early childhood development, which is achieved by tailoring a unique and personalised curriculum that consists of Montessori and The Australian Early Years Framework (EYLF). We are at the forefront of advanced learning techniques with a culture that is unlike no other and are one of the few early learning Childhood centres that offer these approaches to our children.
We pride ourselves on our ability to provide a nurturing environment and build the fundamental foundations in the early stages of a child's life. Our community outreach is about diversity and accommodating all learning capabilities through the developmental phase, such as but not limited to; cognitive and communication skills, health and wellbeing.
We inspire families to adopt our life-long learning approach to education, on the basis of facilitating the importance that their children deserve the best possible start in life and the many opportunities available for their future endeavours.


How to Stretch Watercolor Paper
Watercolor artist in studio
Frank Whitney/Photographer's Choice/Getty Images
It's generally recommended that watercolor paper less than 356 gsm (260 lb) is stretched before use, otherwise, it'll warp. It's a simple process.
Difficulty: Average
Time Required: On-going
Here's How
 1. Cut four strips of gummed brown tape, one for each side (edge) of the piece of watercolor paper. Cut these slightly longer than the sides. Put them aside for the moment.
 2. Soak a sheet of watercolor paper in cold water for a couple of minutes. This is to allow the fibers in the paper to expand.
 3. Lift the sheet of watercolor paper, and gently shake off the excess water. Place it on a drawing board, which must be lying flat.
 4. Smooth the watercolor paper out with a clean sponge (preferably) or your fingers (but wash them first to get any grease off them). If the sheet of watercolor paper is not perfectly smooth at this stage, it won't dry smooth.
 5. Moisten a strip of gummed tape, and stick it down firmly along one side so that one-third of the tape is on the paper and two-thirds on the board. This will stop the watercolor paper pulling off the board when it dries.
 6. Tape down the other sides of the sheet of watercolor paper in the same way.
 7. Leave to dry for several hours, away from direct heat. As the water evaporates, the fibers in the paper contract, leaving the sheet of watercolor paper flat.
 8. Keep the board flat while the watercolor paper dries, otherwise, the water will drain to one edge and the paper will drive unevenly.
 9. When you paint on the watercolor paper, it'll stay flat because you won't ever soak the whole piece as much as you did in step one.
 1. Don't use hot water to soak your watercolor paper as this could remove the sizing from the paper, and don't soak it for too long for the same reason. Sizing is added to watercolor paper to reduce its absorbency.
 2. Use different color sponges for smoothing a piece of paper and moistening gummed tape, so you never run the risk of getting gum on your sheet of watercolor paper.
 3. If you don't get on with gummed brown tape, an alternative method is to staple the paper down onto the board instead.
 4. You may be able to peel off some of the tape, but be careful not to tear the paper. Rather, just trim off the edges of the paper or hide them under a mount.
What You Need
 - Watercolor paper
 - Drawing board
 - Gummed brown tape
 - Two sponges
Watch Now: Discover Your Inner Artist with Watercolors


text:
The jam'r can store three trays of fruit (each earning 1 XP) and three jarfuls of honey (each earning 1 XP). It produces one jar of jam in 60 seconds if both ingredients are in place and there are no more than two finished jars on the output bench.
One jar of jam sells for 113 coins; profit 13 (after allowing for the sale prices of honey and fruit forgone): that's 2.60/h if you harvest the fruit as soon as it's ready. It's the most profitable berry jam, which may be why you have to wait until level 27 to be able to plant the berries.
If you find that bedtime is less than 5 hours away, you can plant:
- blueberries, which take only 3 hours to grow and when turned into jam produce 7 coins of profit, i.e. slightly fewer coins per hour for the same amount of work (and the same number of XP).
- clover, which grows in only 4 hours (earning 1.25 per hour if sold but 2.50 if fed to a cow) and will add to your honey supply if your beehive is operating to pollinate it;
|This article is a Stub. You can help by adding to it.|
Stubs are articles that writers have begun work on, but are not yet complete enough to be considered finished articles.


text: This article explores the impact of the tonsillectomy operation using a large data base and several different approaches. The likely range of effects of the surgery and various threats to validity are studied from a quasi-experimental perspective. Information on possible patient self-selection for tonsil surgery is provided. Selection is dealt with from another viewpoint by comparing the outcomes of patients under the care of physicians having a "high propensity to operate" with those going to physicians who tend to operate less. Finally, a computer simulation studies the extent to which the measured results of tonsil surgery might be explained by particular selection mechanisms working in conjunction with random processes of episode generation. The "savings" in respiratory episodes estimated by the various approaches ranges from 0.1 episodes to approximately 0.8 episode for the year following surgery.


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IPE 17-2022 Bachelor / Master Thesis
Smart energy: Analysis of data-driven optimization algorithms for a sustainable energy management
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Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik (IPE)
Ihre Aufgaben
The energy transition and the resulting expansion of renewable energy resources increasingly pose a challenge to the energy system due to their volatile and intermittent nature. In this context, energy management systems are central as they coordinate energy flows and optimize them toward different objectives. In order to perform the optimization, an energy management system must select and implement a suitable optimization algorithm. However, this is increasingly challenging as various algorithms exist in the fields of nature-inspired optimization, mathematical optimization, and reinforcement learning. In your thesis, you analyze and compare the performance of selected algorithms for load scheduling and forecasting to facilitate the selection of a suitable optimization algorithm.
Your Thesis:
 - Review: You will review different optimization algorithms in the domain of artificial neural networks, nature-inspired optimization techniques, and reinforcement learning. Here you focus on their functionality, application areas, performance, advantages, and disadvantages.
 - Implement: Based on previous work, you will apply selected algorithms on a real dataset to compare their performance regarding optimality, robustness, and other criteria.
 - Benchmark: You will thoroughly evaluate the experiments and provide a benchmarking of the different algorithms.
Eintrittstermin
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Ihre Qualifikation
 - You study Computer Science, engineering, industrial engineering, or a related course of study
 - You are deeply interested in topics such as energy systems, optimization, or forecasting
 - You are able to read and write scientific texts in English or German
 - You already have experience in Python
 - You show an above-average degree of initiative and commitment, as well as a thorough way of working
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according to study regulations
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For further information, please contact Jonas Sievers, phone +01573 2470 449, email: _EMAIL_.
Bitte bewerben Sie sich online über den unten stehenden Button für die Ausschreibungsnummer IPE 17-2022.
Ausschreibungsnummer: IPE 17-2022
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text:
The DrySyn ChilliBlock from Asynt allows you to undertake sensitive biological assays in a temperature-controlled manor, vastly reducing the risk of expensive biological samples, reagents or enzymes degrading due to adverse temperature conditions.
Traditionally methods of cooling biological assays have relied upon direct immersion in insulated ice buckets which are prone to considerable temperature variability, sample contamination and loss of wetted labels. In addition, using this methodology can only maintain a cooled temperature for a limited time, and requires staff to periodically monitor and add new coolant (ice).
Modular in design, the ChilliBlock base can be simply attached to most laboratory heating / cooling circulators thereby enabling stable temperature control at 'important biological temperatures' such as 0°C or 37°C for long periods of time. Designed for versatility, the ChilliBlock has interchangeable blocks for tubes, vials and plates as well as custom DrySyn blocks to fit any Eppendorf tube or vial.
For laboratories required many to undertake larger numbers of biological assays, the low profile of the Chilliblock allows it to be fully compatible with robotic sample handling systems.
Manufactured from durable anodised Aluminium – ChilliBlock's offer good chemical resistance and will reliably allow you to maintain the integrity of your thermally sensitive biological samples for many years.
Download the full press release in PDF format HERE.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
As I iterate through the rows of a mysql table, there are 2 values in each table (x,y) that I need to see what interval those two values fall between.
For example if x=-21.1 and y=52.4, x would be in the -30..-20 interval and y would be in the 50..60 interval.
So based on these intervals, I would have a hash or something containing that interval combination (-30..-20 and 50..60) and increment it by one. Then I would go through the rest of the rows in the mysql table and do the same so I have a count of all occurances of the interval combinations.
There will be 36X36 combinations (interval -180..180, divided in 10s). I think this is supposed to be done by using multidimensional hashes, but I'm not sure. Can anyone help me out?
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
How about doing it in MySQL itself?
SELECT FLOOR(x/10)*10, FLOOR(y/10)*10, COUNT(*)
FROM yourTable
share|improve this answer
Thank you so much! This works quite well and easily implementable in my Perl code :) – user1001715 Oct 18 '11 at 18:26
Your Answer


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The Difference Between Polyethylene Glycol and Ethylene Glycol
Time:2021-06-05
The Difference Between Polyethylene Glycol and Ethylene Glycol
Although the difference between polyethylene glycol and ethylene glycol is only one word, there is a big gap between their properties and applications. Welinks specializes in the production of PTMEG (Polytetramethylene Ether Glycol) in China.
1. Polyethylene glycol
Chemical structure: HO(CH2CH2O)nH, polymerized from ethylene oxide.
Polyethylene glycol-properties and uses
Polyethylene glycol is non-toxic, non-irritating, has good water solubility, and has good compatibility with many organic components. They have excellent lubricity, moisture retention, dispersibility, adhesives, antistatic agents and softeners, etc., and are used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, chemical fibers, rubber, plastics, paper, paint, electroplating, pesticides, metal processing and food processing, etc. There are extremely wide applications in the industry.
The Difference Between Polyethylene Glycol and Ethylene Glycol
2. Ethylene glycol
Ethylene glycol, also known as "glycol", "1,2-ethylene glycol", abbreviated as EG. The chemical formula is (HOCH2)₂, which is the simplest diol. Ethylene glycol is a colorless, odorless, sweet-tasting liquid, and it is toxic to animals. The human lethal dose is estimated to be 1.6 g/kg. Ethylene glycol can be miscible with water and acetone, but it is less soluble in ethers. Used as a solvent, antifreeze and raw material for synthetic polyester. Polyethylene glycol (PEG), a high polymer of ethylene glycol, is a phase transfer catalyst and is also used for cell fusion; its nitrate ester is an explosive.
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text:
Given the rapid recent advances in genomics, agriculture, transgenic biology, stem cell research and other related areas of biotechnology and a prediction that these fields will continue to mature and become increasingly more sophisticated, there is an growing need to create an informed and educated public in this area. In addition, biotechnology fields offer students career opportunities requiring an educated work force with practical training experience.
Recognizing the deficiencies and broad educational needs concerning biotechnology, and the demand for laboratory science experience, we offer a wide-ranging suite of integrated courses which provide a highly integrated and interdependent educational, training, and research experience in biotechnology (summarized below).
Specifically this course series provides an introduction and knowledge base to biotechnology, followed by a project-based laboratory science approach that is inquiry-driven and a practical internship to provide experiential learning further laboratory training and preparation of presentations and publications.
General survey lecture content for majors and non-majors. Offered On Campus and Online.
Inquiry-driven laboratory on plant transgenic biology.
Experiential internship in plant transgenic biology.
At the PBL we have developed two educational workshops on biotechnology.
- Agriculture, Biotechnology, and GMOs: Informing the Debate
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology: Bridging the Education Gap in the Post-Genomics Era
To learn more about self-guided workshops and On-Demand lectures and webinars please contact Dr. Albert Kausch, Director of the Plant Biotechnology Lab.


Question: How Warm Is 63 Degrees?
Is 58 degrees too cold to swim?
Any water temperature below 70 degrees should be treated with caution for those not wearing a wetsuit or drysuit, the National Center for Cold Water Safety warns.
When water temperatures are between 60 and 70 degrees it becomes progressively more difficult to control your breathing..
Is 63 degrees hot or cold?
Is 62 degrees hot or cold?
62 degrees Fahrenheit = 16.67 degrees Celsius How hot is 62°f in Celsius? How cold? Type the information into the input boxes and the degrees in Celsius will update automatically. Once again, 62°f in Celsius is equal to 16.67°c.
Is 60 degrees hot or cold?
What temp is too cold for shorts?
That said, few people will wear shorts when the temperature is 40 degrees. Similarly, someone wearing a winter jacket when the temperature is 90 degrees outside would probably generate a lot of concern or suspicion.
Can you wear shorts at 60 degrees?
Can you wear shorts in 60-degree weather? Some people would say that shorts are not for 60-degree weather. … However, if you are comfortable and you have a high body temperature, you can wear shorts. If you feel that your legs will be cold, you can add tights to lessen the cold.
Is 60 degrees warm enough to swim?
Swimming temperatures are a matter of preference — some people can tolerate much colder temperatures than others. People even acclimatize themselves to swim in the Arctic for short distances. Generally, water cooler than 60 degrees Fahrenheit poses danger to swimmers who go for longer than two hours.
Is it unhealthy to keep your house cold?
Cold homes are bad for health. If you're struggling to pay your heating bills and your home is cold and damp, your health may suffer. Problems and diseases linked to the cold range from blood pressure increases and common colds, to heart attacks and pneumonia.
How cold is too cold to swim in?
77-82F(25-28C) Swimming pool temperature range for Olympic competition. 70F(21C) Water feels quite cold to most people. Treat any water temperature below 70F (21C) with caution. 40F(4.4C) or lower Water is painfully cold.
What is the lowest temperature to set thermostat in winter?
The experts at the Department of Energy share that aiming for a lower interior temp may be the best temperature to set a thermostat in winter. They recommend setting the thermostat at around 68°F or lower during the daylight hours when the home is empty, or at night when everyone is asleep.
Is it cheaper to leave your heating on low?
According to experts at the Energy Saving Trust, the idea it's cheaper to leave the heating on low all day is a myth. … The Energy Saving Trust says if you're keeping the heating on all day you're losing energy all day, so it's better to heat your home only when you need it.
Is 65 degrees too cold for inside?
Do not let it get too cold inside and dress warmly. Even if you keep your temperature between 60°F and 65°F, your home or apartment may not be warm enough to keep you safe. … Set your heat to at least 68–70°F. To save on heating bills, close off rooms you are not using.
Can you swim in 68 degree water?
Anything between 65 and 100 F will not do harm (except particular cases). However, with temperature of the water at 65–70 F or 85–100 F swimming is not comfortable and can be even dangerous. A centigrated and fahrenheit thermometer are placed in a hot water. The water is cooled.
Is 63 degrees warm enough for shorts?
63F is an idea temperature for biking with shorts. Even colder than that would be very pleasant… down to about 50F should be comfortable if you're riding like you mean it. Below that, then in rain or a high wind you might begin to shiver.
Is 63 degrees too cold to swim?
Water Temperature of the Sea Below 8°C (46°F) For swimming this is considered very cold and even the most hardy among us would be foolhardy to venture in for a swim and risk hypothermia if exposed for any more than a few minutes.
Is 68 too cold for House?
Depending on the season, the ideal house temperature for both comfort and efficiency is between 68 to 78 degrees Fahrenheit. In the summer, the recommended thermostat setting is 78 degrees F. In the winter, 68 degrees is recommended for energy savings. However, these temperatures aren't perfect for every situation.
How should I dress at 60 degrees?
What to Wear in 60 Degree WeatherWear light to medium weight fabrics such as cotton, rayon, silk, or merino wool.Start with a foundation layer such as a tank or tee. … For bottoms go with leggings, long pants, or capris. … 60 degrees is still a bit too cold for flip flops and too warm for heavy boots such as Uggs.
How long can you stay in 50 degree water?
How long can a person survive in cold water?Water TemperatureExpected Time Before Exhaustion or Unconsciousness32.5°0.3°< 15 minutes32.5–40°0.3–4.4°15 – 30 minutes40–50°3.3–10°30 – 60 minutes50–60°10–15.6°1 – 2 hours5 more rows•Nov 18, 2015
Is 68 degrees hot or cold?
Is 65 degrees hot or cold?
65 degrees is a comfortable temperature but if it is windy it becomes cold. Everything is relative and whether or not you are acclimated to it.
Is 62 degrees cold for a house?
Recommended Temperature When You Are Home The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends setting your thermostat no lower than 64 degrees (F) in the Winter months while people are in the home. If there are infants or elderly individuals, they recommend keeping the temperature at 70 degrees at a minimum.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
§24.1.1/3 from C++03 Standard reads,
For input iterators, a == b does not imply ++a == ++b. (Equality does not guarantee the substitution property or referential transparency.) Algorithms on input iterators should never attempt to pass through the same iterator twice. They should be single pass algorithms. Value type T is not required to be an Assignable type (23.1). These algorithms can be used with istreams as the source of the input data through the istream_iterator class.
I couldn't understand the bold text in the above quotation. Can anyone help me understanding this?
Also, what does the following statement (italicized text in the above quotation) mean? How is it related to a==b and ++a==++b expressions?
Equality does not guarantee the substitution property or referential transparency.
share|improve this question
5 Answers 5
up vote 3 down vote accepted
The properties referred to are:
Substitution Property
For any quantities a and b and any expression F(x), if a = b, then F(a) = F(b) (if either side makes sense, i.e. is well-formed).
Referential Transparency
Informally, it means that there is no difference between a value and a reference to this value (thus how the term was coined).
In imperative programming it is a difficult concept to get, because we are used to modify our variables. Rick Hickey (behind Clojure) gives a nice talk about the distinction between Identity and State that may help you. The gist of it is that a variable is an Identity. At any point in time an Identity refers to a State. A State never changes, however an Identity may be altered to refer to another State.
Input Iterators
The substitution property violation is "obvious" here, if we define F(x) in the above to mean ++x, then we have that if input iterators verified the substitution property, the following would hold a == b => ++a == ++b.
This is not true, however, because incrementing an input iterator may invalidate all other input iterators from the same source. From table 107 in n3290 (page 831, just above the paragraph you quoted):
pre: r is dereferenceable.
post: r is dereferenceable or r is past-the-end.
post: any copies of the previous value of r are no longer required either to be dereferenceable or to be in the domain of ==.
That is, when we perform ++a, then b may become invalid, and therefore ++b itself will be undefined behavior.
This is a direct violation of ++a == ++b, therefore the substitution property does not hold.
The referential transparency is a bit more evident here. If Input Iterators were referentially transparent, it would mean that they would be indifferentiable from the value they point to. Clearly this is not the case, as applying ++ does not increment the value, but the iterator.
share|improve this answer
+1. Nice post, Matthieu. :-). Last paragraph is very cogent. – Nawaz May 10 '11 at 15:59
By the way, I found an interesting explanation in wikipedia : "Because of this they lack referential transparency, i.e. the same language expression can result in different values at different times depending on the state of the executing program." – Nawaz May 10 '11 at 16:22
_USER_: yes, in general you need purity for referential transparency of expression (that is, no reading from some global state and no writing to global state). For example, i = rand() cannot (and should not) be memoized, while i, RandState = rand(RandState) could be, because the state is now explicit. – Matthieu M. May 10 '11 at 17:37
_USER_. Could you elaborate on That is, when we perform ++a, then b may become invalid, and therefore ++b itself will be undefined behavior. I don't see how b may become invalid. – newprint Oct 6 '13 at 20:08
_USER_: Imagine that you use an iterator over the bytes of a buffer. When you point to the last byte of the buffer with a and b and execute ++a, it may signal: "I am done with this, bring the next one", at which point b could be a dangling pointer. – Matthieu M. Oct 7 '13 at 6:26
For Input Iterators, incrementing an iterator invalidates copies of the same iterator.
auto a = istream_iterator(something);
auto b = a;
a == b; // true
++a; // b is now invalid
++b; // undefined behavior, I think, but in any case not guaranteed to
 // result in anything sensible.
So certainly ++a == ++b is not guaranteed. That is, a == b does not imply ++a == ++b.
I think the "substitution property" means "anything you do with the value of a has the same result as doing the same with the value of b", or similar - there are various versions of substitution that it might refer to, but something along those lines. I think in this context it must mean "later doing the same with b", since if a == b and I haven't done anything invalid yet, then it doesn't matter which of a and b I use, they refer to the same point in the stream. But when I increment, I do have to pick one and lose the other, hence the difficulty with ++a == ++b.
"Referential transparency" means that different objects are independent, i.e. they're not references/pointers to or aliases of each other. In combination with "substitution property" this means:
Later? There is no earlier or later since operations don't have global side-effects. If you can't substitute "later" then you can't substitute
Input iterators in the same sequence typically refer to the same "actual data", like a file handle or whatever, which itself contains mutable state. Since a and b refer to the same file handle, and their value is dependent on its state, you don't have referential transparency. This lack is why substitution fails.
Forward iterators typically also refer to the same underlying data (like a container), but as long as you use them read-only (and don't otherwise modify the container), they don't betray this fact, at least not until you start comparing the addresses of the values they return. So they have a limited kind of referential transparency of their own value, that input iterators don't. They're still references themselves, so the things they refer to are still aliased.
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While true, is that really what the paragraph is specifically talking about? – Lightness Races in Orbit May 10 '11 at 9:04
_USER_: That doesn't explain what I've asked. Also, is this code valid in C++03? – Nawaz May 10 '11 at 9:07
_USER_: I believe so. The paragraph is talking about input iterators working for a single pass only, and to me, "increment invalidates copies" is the simplest way to express that. It also explains in simple terms why a == b doesn't imply ++a == ++b (since it provides a counter-example). No doubt there are other explanations possible, some of them also simple :-) – Steve Jessop May 10 '11 at 9:07
_USER_: no, I'm using auto because I'm too lazy to duplicate the type or even write a typedef. If it's virtuous not to be that lazy, feel free to earn a place in Heaven by editing my code! – Steve Jessop May 10 '11 at 9:08
_USER_: I've now attempted to answer your second question in addition to your first. – Steve Jessop May 10 '11 at 9:28
As the explanation says: "They should be single pass algorithms."
The point is that an iterator on an input stream represents a transient state. Once the iterator is changed, that state no longer exists; all other iterators representing that state are invalidated: once you increment a, the iterator b becomes invalid.
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Input iterators define a sequence which can only be read once; input from a keyboard or a pipe would be a good example. Incrementing an istream_iterator effectively means reading further in the istream, extracting characters, so other istream_iterator on the same stream will no longer be valid with regards to their position. Imagine a stream of characters "abcdefg..." (the alphabet, in sum), with two istream_iterator pointing to the 'a'. Incrementing one of them will cause the 'b' to be read from the stream, and no other iterator can ever see it.
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Consider that an input iterator could be connected to a stream reading from the keyboard. Incrementing the iterator means reading the next character.
Also incrementing a copy of the iterator does not mean reading the same character.
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Your Answer


Keywords : Baikher Anticline
The Fold Style Variations of Baikher Anticline - Northern Iraq
Safwan T. Al-Hubiti; Nabeel K. Al-Azzawi
Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences, 2009, Volume 9, Issue 1, Pages 1-20
The changes in fold style of Baikher Anticline were obtained by determining the fold shape, the values of interlimb angle and the degree of cylindricity in four cross-sectional traverses. The fold shape was calculated mathematically using the Fourier analysis method whereas the Ramsay and Huber classification method was applied for deciphering the cylindricity of the fold and the Pi-diagrams for determining the values of interlimb angle in each traverse.
The axial changes of the fold style revealed that the area that is occupied by Baikher Anticline was divided structurally into four segments according to their trend and vergence besides their comparison laterally with the related faults.
Data analysis revealed that Baikher Anticline is double plunging, asymmetrical, open to gentle and cylindrical in the four segments, whereas the fold vergence and shape differ from a segment to another. Baikher Anticline is verged southwestwards in the first and third segments, northeastwards in the second segment and northwards in the forth one. The analyses revealed that the fold shape ranges from chevron to box shape from traverse to another.
The anticline related faults fall into two categories. The first is a set of strike-slip type which influenced the fold trend whereas the second is listric faults that affected the fold vergence.
Vertical investigations of fold style were also carried out in the second and third traverses. The second traverse proved the Middle Eocene reactivation of the foreland listric fault, whereas unexpected vergences showed in the third one.


text:
SWEEP: The angle measuring how far the outline of the fin is curved backwards; also referred to as rake. Sweep has a direct influence on pivot. Fins with more sweep produce a longer turning arc, less sweep offers a tighter turning arc.
FLEX: The distortion of the fin from its original shape caused by lateral pressure during a manoeuvre. Flex influences the response characteristics of a fin. Fins with little flex (stiff) produce instant response, speed and drive. Fins with more flex (flexy) are more forgiving and offer a whipping sensation.


Laravel Collection Combine With Code Examples
In this article, we will look at how to get the solution for the problem, Laravel Collection Combine With Code Examples
How do I combine two collections in laravel?
Laravel collection merge() method merge any given array to first collection array. If the first collection is indexed array, the second collection will be added to the end of the new collection. The merge() method can accept either an array or a Collection instance.
$collection = collect(['John Doe']);
$concatenated = $collection->concat(['Jane Doe'])->concat(['name' => 'Johnny Doe']);
$concatenated->all();
// ['John Doe', 'Jane Doe', 'Johnny Doe']
$foo = collect(Foo::all());
$bar = collect(Bar::all());
$merged = $foo->merge($bar);
$collection = collect(['product_id' => 1, 'price' => 100]);
$merged = $collection->merge(['price' => 200, 'discount' => false]);
$merged->all();
// ['product_id' => 1, 'price' => 200, 'discount' => false]
$collection = collect(['name', 'age']);
$combined = $collection->combine(['George', 29]);
$combined->all();
// ['name' => 'George', 'age' => 29]
What is use of pluck method in laravel?
Laravel Pluck() is a Laravel Collections method used to extract certain values from the collection. You might often would want to extract certain data from the collection i.e Eloquent collection.
Does laravel have relationship?
has() is to filter the selecting model based on a relationship. So it acts very similarly to a normal WHERE condition. If you just use has('relation') that means you only want to get the models that have at least one related model in this relation.
What does => mean in Laravel?
assign operator
How do I add two collections?
Using the concat() Method. The static method concat() combines two Streams logically by creating a lazily concatenated Stream whose elements are all the elements of the first Stream followed by all the elements of the second Stream.
Why blade is used in Laravel?
In addition to template inheritance and displaying data, Blade also provides convenient shortcuts for common PHP control structures, such as conditional statements and loops. These shortcuts provide a very clean, terse way of working with PHP control structures while also remaining familiar to their PHP counterparts.
What is difference between Pluck and select in Laravel?
Pluck function normally used to pull a single column from the collection or with 2 columns as key, value pairs, which is always be a single dimension array. Select will return all of the columns you specified for an entity in a 2 dimensional array, like array of selected values in an array.
How do I sort a collection in laravel?
Laravel Collections Sorting a collection
How do you combine two data sets?
To join two data frames (datasets) vertically, use the rbind function. The two data frames must have the same variables, but they do not have to be in the same order. If data frameA has variables that data frameB does not, then either: Delete the extra variables in data frameA or.
Which Collection is best for sorting?
If you just want to sort a list, use any kind of List and use Collections. sort(). If you want to make sure elements in the list are unique and always sorted, use a SortedSet.
Intro To Python With Code Examples
In this article, we will look at how to get the solution for the problem, Intro To Python With Code Examples Can I teach myself Python? Can I Learn Python On My Own? Yes, it's absolutely possible to learn Python on your own. Although it might affect the amount of time you need to take to learn Python, there are plenty of free online courses, video tips, and other interactive resources to help anyone learn to program with Python. """ Welcome to computing! -- in this case, Python is the prog
X = X + 1 Javascript With Code Examples
In this article, we will look at how to get the solution for the problem, X = X + 1 Javascript With Code Examples What is == vs === in JavaScript? The == operator will compare for equality after doing any necessary type conversions. The === operator will not do the conversion, so if two values are not the same type === will simply return false . Both are equally quick. X += 1 Using a variety of different examples, we have learned how to solve the X = X + 1 Javascript. Is it += or =+ in JavaScri
Python Return Value From Single Cell Dataframe With Code Examples
In this article, we will look at how to get the solution for the problem, Python Return Value From Single Cell Dataframe With Code Examples How do I extract a single value from a DataFrame? get_value() function is used to quickly retrieve the single value in the data frame at the passed column and index. The input to the function is the row label and the column label. import pandas as pd data = ["thing"] df = pd.DataFrame(data) print(df.values) print(df.values[0]) print(df.values[0][0]) #Get fi
Can'T Resolve 'Crypto' In '/Users/Slmc/Downloads/Technical Assessment/Technical-Assessment/Node_Modules/Bson/Dist With Code Examples
In this article, we will look at how to get the solution for the problem, Can'T Resolve 'Crypto' In '/Users/Slmc/Downloads/Technical Assessment/Technical-Assessment/Node_Modules/Bson/Dist With Code Examples How can I use can in a sentence? We often use can to talk about ability to do something in the present or future: I can sing one song in Polish. Can you sleep on your back? We can go swimming after school tomorrow, if you like. ... module.exports = function (webpackEnv) {
Python Display Text In Label On New Line With Code Examples
In this article, we will look at how to get the solution for the problem, Python Display Text In Label On New Line With Code Examples How do you create a GUI component with Python Tkinter for displaying multiple lines of text? How to create a multiline entry with Tkinter? Python Tkinter – Text Widget. Python | Add Label to a kivy window. Python | Textinput widget in kivy. Kivy Tutorial. Hello World in Kivy. Python | Kivy .kv File. Python | Create Box Layout widget using .kv file. label = La
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Anterior chamber aspirate cultures in small incision cataract surgery.
Free
 1. T D Manners,
 2. D K Chitkara,
 3. P J Marsh and
 4. M G Stoddart
 1. Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
 Abstract
 BACKGROUND--Anterior chamber aspirates on completion of extracapsular cataract surgery contain significant numbers of organisms, particularly coagulase negative staphylococci, an important cause of endophthalmitis. METHODS--Culture rates were compared in 50 patients after phacoemulsification surgery, which allows the possible benefits of a small, self sealing wound and maintenance of positive intraocular pressure, with a similar number of extracapsular cases. RESULTS--A culture positive rate of 20% and 24% respectively was found, an insignificant difference. CONCLUSION--Small incision surgery has no proved advantage over extracapsular surgery in terms of reducing the intraoperative bacterial inoculum. The significance of this result in terms of causation of endophthalmitis is discussed.
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text:
The Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT) is an information and|
analysis tool on global climate change. It provides a comprehensive
and comparable database of greenhouse gas emissions data (including
all major sources and sinks) and other climate-relevant
indicators. CAIT can be used to analyze a wide range of
climate-related data questions and to help support future policy
decisions made under the Climate Convention and in other fora.
The CAIT also includes a comprehensve GHG emissions database.


Quality Assurance
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Quality Assurance
Further to calibration (measurement of sensitivity), the function of the twilite can be tested using a long (e.g. multiple of 3 to 5 times the tracer half-life) acquisition of a fixed activity solution (e.g. 5 MBq/ml for 0.58 mm ID catheter as used in rats, 2 MBq/ml for 1 mm ID as typically used in humans).
Using the PSAMPLE Correction tool, the data from the long acquisition can be loaded in the Correction tab. After subtraction of the background counts using the Offset: Enter method (enter the background counts calculated during calibration), apply Decay Correction with the appropriate isotope half time. The resulting Corrected & Calibrated [kBq/cc] (green squares) should be a linear, horizontal, line. Application of the Calibration factor and Branching Ratio correction is not necessary.
Additionally, a single exponential function can be fitted to the non-decay corrected data using the PKIN tool (if licensed). The half time of the exponential should match the isotope half-life (in minutes).
Turn off Decay Correction, and use the Kinetic Modeling button to open the TAC export dialog. Send the curve to the PKIN tool using the Send [SET] button (or Send [ADD] if other projects are already open in PKIN).
PKIN opens on the Blood tab. Select the 3 Exponentials model from the list, deactivate the second and third exponentials (uncheck Amplitude 2/3 and Halftime 2/3, set Amplitude 2/3 to zero), and enter a reasonable starting value for Halftime 1 (e.g. 100 minutes for F-18). Ensure that Delay and Begin are set to zero. Activate Fit whole blood to fit the model.
Once fitted, the resulting model curve can be highlighted by clicking the Whole blood model button in the legend below the plot window.
Amplitude 1 represents the starting average counts, and Halftime 1 should closely match the half-life of the isotope used in the measurements.
Sources of error include:
1.Inaccurate definition of the background in Offset: Enter. Determine the background counts from a calibration or simple background measurement shortly before the long decay acquisition.
2.Excessive starting activity (the twilite is linear, with deviation < 1 %, up to 6,000 counts/sec coincidences). If initial coincidences are above this threshold, stop the acquisition and restart after a suitable delay.
3.Continuing to acquire data after reaching the background level (flattening of the data curve tail). Resampling in the PSAMPLE Correction tool can be used to remove the tail using Remove Sampling Segment and an appropriate time window.


text:
Researchers from University of California Riverside have rediscovered one of the rarest species of bumblebee in the United States; the Cockerell's Bumblebee. This is exciting news as this species has not been seen in over 50 years. It was found in the White Mountains of south-central New Mexico last summer.
It was a rare find since most bumblebees in the US are known from dozens to even thousands of specimens, but that's not the case with this species. Another factor is that the area is not visited by entomologists very often and the species has also had a history of being ignored because they thought it was not actually a genuine species, but rather a regional color variant of another well-known species. So it's part rarity and part mistaken identity. You might say they were stung by a false assumption.
This might seem like a rare occurrence, finding a new species in this day and age, but it actually happens more often than you might think. Entomologists from UCR actually rediscover many "lost" insect species as well as discover entirely new species at the rate of several dozen every year.
Now that it has been identified, they can find out if it is facing a serious threat of habitat loss or not.


text:
27 CFR § 555.202 - Classes of explosive materials.
(a) High explosives. Explosive materials which can be caused to detonate by means of a blasting cap when unconfined, (for example, dynamite, flash powders, and bulk salutes).
(b) Low explosives. Explosive materials which can be caused to deflagrate when confined (for example, black powder, safety fuses, igniters, igniter cords, fuse lighters, and "display fireworks" classified as UN0333, UN0334, or UN0335 by the U.S. Department of Transportation regulations at 49 CFR 172.101, except for bulk salutes).
(c) Blasting agents. (For example, ammonium nitrate-fuel oil and certain water-gels (see also § 555.11).


Docy
Flask Form Data to Template
Estimated reading: 2 minutes 723 views
We have already seen that the http method can be specified in URL rule. The Form data received by the triggered function can collect it in the form of a dictionary object and forward it to a template to render it on a corresponding web page.
In the following example, '/' URL renders a web page (student.html) which has a form. The data filled in it is posted to the '/result' URL which triggers the result() function.
The results() function collects form data present in request.form in a dictionary object and sends it for rendering to result.html.
The template dynamically renders an HTML table of form data.
Given below is the Python code of application −

 from flask import Flask, render_template, request
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def student():
 return render_template('student.html')
@app.route('/result',methods = ['POST', 'GET'])
def result():
 if request.method == 'POST':
 result = request.form
 return render_template("result.html",result = result)
if __name__ == '__main__':
 app.run(debug = True)

Given below is the HTML script of student.html.

 <form action = "http://localhost:5000/result" method = "POST">

Name <input type = "text" name = "Name" />

Physics <input type = "text" name = "Physics" />

Chemistry <input type = "text" name = "chemistry" />

Maths <input type ="text" name = "Mathematics" />

<input type = "submit" value = "submit" />

 </form>

Code of template (result.html) is given below −

 <!doctype html>

 {% for key, value in result.items() %}

  {{ key }}
  {{ value }}

 {% endfor %}

Run the Python script and enter the URL http://localhost:5000/ in the browser.
When the Submit button is clicked, form data is rendered on result.html in the form of HTML table.
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Girolamo Fracastoro, Italian physician
Girolamo Fracastoro, Italian physician
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Caption: Girolamo Fracastoro (_PHONE_), Italian physician and philosopher who proposed an early theory of the germ origin of disease. After lecturing in logic at Padua and then practising as a physician in Verona, Fracastoro spent his retirement in research. His major work, De Contagione (1546), gave the first logical explanation of the longknown facts that some diseases can be passed from person to person or by infected objects. He proposed that infection is due to tiny selfmultiplying bodies. Not widely accepted at the time, his ideas were vindicated by Pasteur and others in the 19th century. He also wrote one of the first texts on syphilis, & named the disease.
Keywords: de contagione, doctor, fracastoro, germ origin of disease, girolamo, history of medicine, italian, philosopher, physician, portraits, surname f, syphilis


text:
Summary of Story
Narrated through a series of first-hand progress reports, Flowers for Algernon traces the mental and emotional development of Charlie Gordon, a handicapped young man who becomes the first human test-subject for an ambitious brain experiment. Author Daniel Keyes stylistically portrays Charlie's startling progress and eventual decline through the ever-changing sentence structure, spelling, and vocabulary of Charlie's journal entries.
Wonderlic IQ Test
Click on the link above and wait for further directions!!!
Health Research Funding
Center for Genetics and Society


text:
Bars and restaurants in New York could find themselves the target of an audit from the Department of Taxation and Finance for several reasons, including random selection. However, a restaurant's cash-based sales and less than meticulous record-keeping can further complicate things and result in the auditor's need to conduct a New York sales tax field audit. Here, we explain how a field audit works in New York. We also discuss field audit methodologies auditors will use to estimate your sales tax liability when necessary, a practice that could lead to overassessment for unprepared and unrepresented restaurant and bar owners in New York.
What Is a New York Sales Tax Field Audit?
Unlike a desk audit, a New York sales tax field audit is a more detailed review of your restaurant's financials that involves a visit from the field auditor to your business's physical location. The auditor will want to review available records during the audit, such as:
- Federal income tax returns
- Bank statements
- Sale ledgers
- Inventory logs
- Purchase receipts of materials and equipment
A key issue for restaurant business owners is knowing what and what not to provide when sharing your sensitive business records with a New York auditor. While cooperation with the auditor is generally helpful, remember that just because an auditor asks for a document, does not mean they have a right to it. Having a professional sales tax consultant available to manage record requests could provide a buffer during the audit process to avoid unnecessary disclosure of business information.
A field audit also presents an opportunity for an auditor to make observations about your business that the New York Department of Taxation and Finance could use to evaluate the legitimacy of your sales tax reporting. In the context of a restaurant or bar, the auditor may take note of items like:
- Stated hours of operation
- Menus and pricing
- Food storage
- Seating arrangements
- Payment systems
- Related sources of revenue within the restaurant or bar that could be taxable (e.g., vending machines, arcade games, pool halls, jukeboxes, and other entertainment)
The Different Types of New York Field Audit Methods
After a review of your financials, the New York auditor may find you have insufficient records to properly verify your taxable sales. As an alternative, the auditor may use one or more indirect methods for determining your New York sales tax liability. These testing methods involve the use of statistics and assumptions to generate an estimate of your taxable sales. The main methods available to New York sales tax auditors are:
- The test period method: The auditor reviews your past transactions over a period within the audit's scope and uses that data to calculate taxable sales from missing periods (e.g., you are missing sales data from August 2020 but have available information from August 2021 and August 2022).
- The statistical sampling method: The auditor creates simulations of projected sales over a period through the selection of items in a population. Sometimes, the sampling is random or could involve other methods, including stratified, systematic, or clustered sampling.
- Observation Testing: The field auditor observes and documents your sales that occur over one or more periods to estimate taxable sales (e.g., your bar's business on a Friday from 5 p.m. to 10 p.m.).
Specific Field Audit Sampling Method Issues for New York Restaurants and Bars
The problem with sampling and testing methods is they can never truly reflect your past sales because they rely on assumptions made from small and incomplete sets of data. Restaurant and bar owners should be careful when accepting or managing the results from New York field audit testing, sampling, or observation methodologies.
Consider the following factors that could result in a skewed field audit method result because of items not accurately reflected in the method being used:
- Changes in your menu or pricing
- Events that result in abnormalities with your restaurant's operation during the testing period (e.g., unexpected closure or unusually busy traffic because of promotions or public activity like a concert or sporting event)
- Scheduled observation testing that happens during your busiest sales period or season (e.g., weekends and evenings)
When Your New York Restaurant Could Benefit from Sales Tax Field Audit Representation
Before executing a sampling or testing, the field auditor will likely seek your written agreement to the specific terms of the proposed method. Most restaurants and bar owners could benefit from having a sales tax representative experienced in New York audit defense review those terms before signing an agreement. The sales tax representative reviews the auditor's proposal for issues that could cause gross overreporting of sales tax liability and works with the auditor to create a fairer representation of taxable sales by refining the methodology's terms. If you or your client's restaurant and bar received notice of an upcoming field audit or are unhappy with the results of an audit report, consider a consultation with our office.
Schedule your free consultation for help with a New York sales tax field audit today.


text:
- PANI was electrodeposited onto a CNT-based substrate.
- PANI was in the partially oxidized emeraldine form and could participate in redox reactions.
- The PANI-CNTs composite is a promising redox-active electrode material.
- Enhanced fluoride removal was achieved by electrochemically controlled separation.
- The selectivity of fluoride over chloride was significantly enhanced.
The objective of this study is to improve the selective removal of fluoride ions from water using an electrodeposited polyaniline-carbon nanotube (PANI-CNT) composite electrode. The PANI-CNT electrode was successfully fabricated in a partially oxidized emeraldine form, as indicated by the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results. The PANI-CNT composite electrode is dominated by mesopores and presents good hydrophilicity, which improves the mass transfer of ions and ensures better wettability, respectively, during electrochemically controlled separation experiments. The optimal voltage and pH for the fluoride removal are 1.6 V and 7, respectively. The fluoride removal capacity using the PANI-CNT (0.52 mmol g?1) electrode is larger than that of the carbon nanotube (CNT) (0.34 mmol g?1) electrode due to the PANI redox reactions. This finding indicates that enhanced fluoride removal from water can be achieved by incorporating PANI with CNTs. More importantly, the selectivity for fluoride over chloride using the PANI-CNT electrode significantly increases from 0.26 to 1.22, suggesting that the composite electrode incorporates fluoride rather than chloride due to the strong electronegativity of fluoride. The PANI-CNT electrode maintains good stability and reversibility for fluoride removal for four electrochemical cycles, which highlights the feasibility of the selective separation of fluoride ions via an electrochemically controlled approach.
*Read full study online at _URL_


text:
The wills of 9,000 World War I Irish soldiers who fought in the British Army will be posted online this week the Irish Sunday Times reports.
Many of the wills are very short said Hazel Menton, an archivist who has worked on the project for three years.
"The information is limited, but it is this very lack of detail that reminds us of a group of men who have been largely forgotten. "The men would simply write in the space provided to whom they wished to leave their effects," said Menton.
"As many of the soldiers were very young, and they did not have wives or children, they left everything to a parent, siblings or friends serving with them."
"There are 29 Boer War letters from men to their family and loved ones, and they are different from the wills of soldiers in the First World War as they are newsy, informative missives from a soldier to his mother, girlfriend or brothers," Menton said.
One soldier wrote to his brother cutting his father out of his will because "he'll just drink it".
Robert Coffey of the National Archives said, "It is quite emotional. You are reading letters and wills of men who passed away but who had written them thinking they were going to come back."
The archive is part of the state effort to commemorate the thousands of Irish soldiers who fought in the war.
Shane MacThomais, a historian and resident author at the Glasnevin Trust, where First World War and Second World War graves are located said: "All the commemorations, from Armistice Day to the National Archives launch, serve to paint a much clearer picture of the men who fought in these wars. The soldiers' wills is another piece in the jigsaw.
"You have to remember there was an element of shame for some of the men who fought in the First World War. Some were ostracized by their families for joining [the British Army], even if it was for financial reasons.
"Others would have been enlisted automatically after serving in the Boer War in the 1890s."