What does it do?
The Placeholder perk allows you to add HTML5 placeholders to your Gravity Form fields. What are placeholders? They're short hints that display inline in form input fields (and textareas) that help users fill out the fields with the correct data. They look like this:
Once the user starts filling the fields out, it would look like this:
How does it work?
This perk adds a new field setting for fields that support the placeholder property. More on that below. After you've specified the placeholder for a field, the Placeholder perk handles updating the field's input HTML to include the placeholder attribute. For browsers that support placeholders (like Firefix, Chrome and Safari), this functionality will work natively. That means no special scripts!
But alas, not all browsers support placeholders just yet. For these browsers (like Internet Explorer), the Placeholder perk loads a little jQuery Placeholder script by Daniel Stocks. This script adds support for the placeholder attribute to older browsers so regardless of the browser, the user receives a uniform experience.
How do I enable this functionality?
First step, as always, is to activate the Placeholder perk. Once activated, supported field types on all forms will automatically display the "Placeholder" setting right below the "Field Label" setting.
For single input fields (like the Single Line Text field and the Paragraph Field), there is only a single input for the Placeholder setting. For multi-input fields (like the Name field and the Address field), there will be an input to specify the placeholder for each input of that field type.
Enter whatever text you would like to appear as the placeholder for each field on your form. Save your changes and you're good to go!
Anything else I need to know?
Nope! That's pretty much it. If you have any questions on this functionality or just want to say how much you love it, make sure you come back to and leave us a comment.
Please enter your comment!
Please enter your name here


text:
Looking for an outdoor adventure to engage Pre-K-12 explorers this school year?
STEM Challenges will give your group the chance to explore and discover the Fort Worth Botanic Garden while providing hands-on Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) activities related to a variety of garden spaces. Field trip groups will also receive materials to complete an Engineering Design Challenge, where students will apply their field trip observations and findings to complete an engineering project back in the classroom or at home!
This program is at capacity through July 2023. Self-Guided Field Trips are still available, or we would love to see you in the Fall!
Tuesday – Friday 10:00 am – 12:00 pm or 11:00 am – 1:00 pm
$7 /student $5 /adult
Minimum fee of $140 for groups of 20 participants or fewer
Discounted rates are available for Title One schools. Details available upon submission of a completed date request form, linked below.
Each experience includes:
Spring 2023 is now at capacity, but these STEM Challenges will return in Fall.
-Pre-K – 2nd: Sensational Seeds – Discover the processes and cycles of plants and weather through hands-on STEM activities such as seed dissection and a meteorology station. Then apply your findings to the Engineering Design Challenge back in the classroom!
-3rd – 5th: Ecoregion Exploration – Discover Texas as you explore a variety of ecoregions and habitats including forests, deserts, and prairies in the Fort Worth Botanic Garden! Learners will investigate natural resources and gain a greater understanding of energy conservation and habitat preservation. Then apply your findings to the Engineering Design Challenge back in the classroom!
-Middle/ High School: Sustainable Systems – Discover how our water and soil systems work together! Investigate the Garden to gain a greater understanding of conserving natural resources through sustainability practices. Then, apply your findings to the Engineering Design Challenge and create your very own sustainable landscape back in your classroom!
Education Operations Specialist
STEM Challenges give Pre-K – 12th Grade students the chance to explore and discover the Fort Worth Botanic Garden while providing interactive Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) activities both on-campus and off.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Student satisfaction with cooperative learning in an Accounting curriculum
- Centre for Educational Development and Interactive Resources (CEDIR)
- Publication Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice, 2008, 5 (2), pp. 39 - 54
- Issue Date:
Cooperative learning has been introduced into International Accounting, a second year subject at a major Australian university. The purpose was to provide students with a satisfying experience of learning within a social context and to develop their interpersonal, professional and written communication skills. The main data were collected during the Spring Semester 2005. In the penultimate lecture, a questionnaire was distributed to each of the students present. Findings suggest that despite some difficulties, the majority of students reported that cooperative learning created supportive team experiences that assisted them to develop discussion skills and better engage with the content of International Accounting.
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:


text:
If your mobile terminal has low signal bars, try moving it to a different part of the store and monitor the signal bar for increase strength denoted by additional bars.
If you can't increase the signal strength by moving the terminal within your premises, you should try restarting your terminal to search for a new network signal.
To restart the terminal, follow the below instructions:
- Remove terminal from its charging base and disconnect any external power sources.
- Hold down the red button until it stops beeping and the screen displays 'Shutting Down'. Your terminal is now turned off.
- Once your terminal has been switched off, turn the terminal over and remove the battery by pressing on the bottom of the battery and lifting upwards.
- Remove the sim card by using a ballpoint pen to slide it out.
- Slide the sim card back in and replace the battery, ensuring it clicks securely in place.
- Turn your terminal back on by holding down the green key until the screen lights up and the screen displays 'Loading'.
- Once your terminal is powered on, any available software updates will be displayed on the screen.
- You may select "yes" to download software updates or "no" if you're not ready for the update.
- Once completed, the NAB payment screen will appear.
- To logon to your terminal press '* 5' followed by the green key.
- "Logon successful" and a green tick will display if the logon is successful.
- The '3G' symbol and signal bars should now be displayed at the top of the screen indicating that your terminal has successfully connected to the local network. The number of signal bars denotes the strength of that signal; the more bars the better the connection.
- If you have a strong signal, your terminal is ready to receive payments from your sales.
If you still can't get your terminal to connect to the mobile network and need to urgently continue taking payments you may consider connecting your terminal to an ANALOGUE telephone line, if available. If you have a working telephone line, please call the Merchant Service centre on 1300 369 852 for assistance to setup and configure your terminal for the telephone line
If you don't have an active telephone line, you may consider a manual back up payment system, if one is in place, or seek alternative payment from your customer.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


What are peacock babies called?
Peacock babies are called peachicks, though you won't find any peachicks at Sacrewell as we only have male peacocks and no peahens.
We thought you might be interested to know the correct terms for the male, the female and the baby of some other animals that we have on the farm too.
Animal Adult male Adult female Young
peafowl peacock peahen peachick
pig boar sow piglet
cattle bull cow calf
chicken cockerel hen chick
sheep ram ewe lamb
goat billy nanny kid
horse or pony stallion mare foal
alpaca macho hembra cria
donkey jack jenny foal
guinea pig boar sow pup
rabbit buck doe kit
For some animals, farmers also use different words for adult animals which are used for breeding and adult animals which aren't. Here are two examples:
Animal Castrated male Breeding male Young female Breeding female
pig barrow boar gilt sow
cattle steer bull heifer cow
An adult male peacock displaying his fabulous feathers.


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Technology has been marching on and on since development of the "gold standard" of oil analysis. Here's how one British power plant has been benefiting from a leader of that parade.
In modern conventional power stations, the overall condition of the fluids that lubricate large, high-value machinery is critical. In particular, moisture in the oil can wash out critical anti-oxidative compounds, contributing to lubricant oxidation and subsequent loss of lubricant performance. Although Karl Fischer (KF) titrations have been used over the years to measure the degree of water in oil, this analytical method does, in fact, have some limitations. Three years ago, the Ferrybridge C Power Station in West Yorkshire, England, began moving from its use of the KF method to use of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis to measure and control the level of water contamination in lubricating fluids. The result? Accurate data in less time—and with less complication—than the "gold-standard" Karl Fischer method.
Lubrication monitoring at Ferrybridge
Ferrybridge C Power Station is a 2000MW coal and biomass co-firing power station. Its four enormous steam turbines and main feed pumps produce enough power for two million homes—or 4% of the United Kingdom's daily electricity requirements. The power from one steam turbine would be sufficient to power six Queen Mary 2 cruise liners traveling at full speed.
Each turbine shaft is over 170' long and exceedingly heavy, with 12 support bearings lubricated by mineral oil. This lubricating oil serves more than one purpose: It is also the control oil for operating the turbine governor valves and steam admission valves. Thus, it is mandatory for the oil to be monitored and kept within the required specification. Since the level of moisture in the oil changes over time as a function of environmental and operating conditions, it is also imperative to rapidly obtain accurate analytical information. To do all this, Ferrybridge has turned to the A2 Technologies iPAl FTIR analyzer equipped with the TumblIR transmission cell system (see Sidebar).
Fig. 1. Comparison between FTIR and KF titration in measuring moisture in lubricating oil
As shown in Fig. 1, testing the FTIR analysis against Ferrybridge's KF titration method showed a good correlation between the two techniques. Since the trend in the amount of water present is monitored, absolute values are not necessary. Even with KF measurements, absolute values are not measured, since results may be biased by the amount of sample used and the inherent immiscibility of oil and water. Therefore, repeat measurements are made with both FTIR and KF (many times with the KF). Because FTIR measurements are so quick, repetitive measurements are faster and easier. The small discrepancies between the two methods are not significantly different from those obtained by carrying out two KF tests on the same sample.
Having gained confidence in the accuracy and reliability of the FTIR method, Ferrybridge has largely eliminated KF measurements. An example of how the plant uses FTIR can be seen in Fig. 2, where A2's iPAL system tracked the level of moisture in both the turbine oil and the main feed-pump oil.
Fig. 2. Measurements of moisture in lubricating oil for Unit 1 main turbine and main boiler feed pump, in 2009
When the moisture in the lubricating fluid is greater than the allowable specification, corrective action is taken to remove the water in the oil. There are two methods to adjust the moisture content of the turbine oil:
In addition to monitoring the level of water in oil and alerting plant personnel to take corrective action when necessary, the iPAl FTIR analyzer is used to track the effectiveness of the methods the site uses to eliminate water and return the oil to acceptable moisture limits.
The benefits of FTIR analysis
There are numerous reasons why Ferrybridge has turned to FTIR analysis of its lubricating oils—eliminating much of its KF analyses in the process.
FTIR is quicker and more straightforward than KF, no toxic reagents are required and it's easy to train personnel on its use. As analytically accurate as KF (and in some cases, more so), the iPAL FTIR system can go beyond determining moisture levels in oil. Using pre-calibrated, on-board methods on the same sample, it can measure other important specifications, including additive depletion, overall condition/oxidation and oil in water for discharge purposes.
One of this FTIR system's greatest benefits, however, is the fact that it affords real-time analysis, on site. This, in turn, lets personnel immediately ascertain the condition of a lubricating fluid. If an oil is found to be out of specification, on-site testing allows corrective action to be taken—and the effectiveness of such actions to be determined—virtually in real time. All of this can be accomplished before the initial results from an off-site testing lab could even be reported.
The FTIR system is important for another reason: It increases Ferrybridge's level of confidence in results that it does obtain from off-site testing labs. The plant has found that if lubricants are not sampled, packaged and sealed correctly for shipment, there can be a significant difference in moisture testing reports. In the past, results obtained from outside labs frequently were found to be, at best, suspect and, at worst, completely inaccurate. Carrying out on-site testing with the FTIR analyzer serves as an important cross-check on off-site lab testing.
A2's iPAL FTIR analyzer has become a vital part of the Ferrybridge on-site testing protocol. In fact, the plant has so much faith in this technology that its use is now being extended to more applications at the site. LMT
R.C.J. Wilson, CEnv. IEng. MEI, MRSC, is Environmental & Performance manager at the Ferrybridge C Power Station.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
TechCrunch has a nice, full quote from Bill Gates on what he considers his greatest mistake. I include part of the quote in this image because his "winner-take-all" comment is so important.
This is an excerpt from the Scala Cookbook (partially modified for the internet). This is Recipe 12.20, "An index of methods available to run external system commands."
The following tables list the methods of the scala.sys.process package that you can use when running external (system) commands.
Methods to execute external commands
Table 12-1 lists the methods that you can use to execute system commands.
Table 12-1. Methods to execute system commands
This is an excerpt from the Scala Cookbook (partially modified for the internet). This is a very short recipe, Recipe 12.18, "How to run an external command (process) in a different directory."
You want to use another directory as the base directory when running an external command.
This is an excerpt from the Scala Cookbook (partially modified for the internet). This is Recipe 12.13, "How to handle the STDOUT and STDERR of external commands."
You want to run an external command and get access to both its STDOUT and STDERR.
The simplest way to do this is to run your commands as shown in previous recipes, and then capture the output with a
ProcessLogger. This Scala shell script demonstrates the approach:
This is an excerpt from the Scala Cookbook (partially modified for the internet). This is Recipe 12.12, "How to execute external commands and use their STDOUT in Scala."Back to top
You want to run an external command and then use the standard output (STDOUT) from that process in your Scala program.Back to top
!! method to execute the command and get the standard output from the resulting process as a
Here's a quick look at recent visitors to this website, first by Operating System and then by Browser.
If you ever wanted to get access to global operating system keystrokes from a Java or Scala Swing application, you can do it with the jnativehook library. Here's a short demo:
Here's the full Scala source code for the demo. I put a few comments in the code to highlight the important areas:
In several previous tutorials (see my references below) about testing for operating systems within Ant build scripts, and then conditionally executing targets based on the results of those tests, I noted that Mac OS X operating systems respond to both Mac and Unix test conditions based on the Ant "os family" test. I mentioned that I thought this behavior was probably correct, because Mac OS X is built an a Unix base (BSD, to be specific).
You're creating an Ant build script, and you need to determine the operating system the script is running on, so you can make conditional decisions within the build script. You typically want/need to do this if you're going to run tasks/targets that are different for each operating system (Mac, Windows, Unix, etc.).


text:
A cage hydrocarbon was called Golcondane by the first people to synthesis it in 1993, Mehta and Reddy, in honour of the 400th anniversary of the founding of the Indian city of Hyderabad, whose ancient name was Golconda.
The interesting cage compound "Golcondane" (C20H24) has recently been synthesized, more or less according to the route shown here. (In the actual case, there were carbonyl groups that had to be reduced at the end of the synthesis.) Do MMX calculations on golcondane, on the three precursors, and on its decomposition product; discuss the relative stability of these compounds and identify the source(s) of their strain energy. [The origin of the name "golcondane" is so obscure that the interested reader should consult the cited reference.
A. Nickon and E.F. Silversmith, 'Organic Chemistry: The Name Game', Pergamon, 1987; P. von R. Schleyer, E., and M.G.B. Drew. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 90, (1968) 5034.
"Golcondane: A Novel, Caged, Nonacyclic C20H24‐Hydrocarbon of D2d Symmetry".G. Mehta and S.H.K. Reddy, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 32, (1993) 1160. _URL_


MGC to partially specify Termination IDs and let the MG
 choose from the values that conform to the partial specification.
 Termination IDs may encode a hierarchy of names. This hierarchy is
 provisioned. For instance, a TerminationID may consist of a trunk
 group, a trunk within the group and a circuit. Wildcarding must be
 possible at all levels. The following paragraphs explain how this is
 achieved.
 The ASN.1 description uses octet strings of up to 8 octets in length
 for Termination IDs. This means that Termination IDs consist of at
 most 64 bits. A fully specified Termination ID may be preceded by a
 sequence of wildcarding fields. A wildcarding field is octet in
 length. Bit 7 (the most significant bit) of this octet specifies
 what type of wildcarding is invoked: if the bit value equals 1, then
 the ALL wildcard is used; if the bit value if 0, then the CHOOSE
 wildcard is used. Bit 6 of the wildcarding field specifies whether
 the wildcarding pertains to one level in the hierarchical naming
 scheme (bit value 0) or to the level of the hierarchy specified in
 the wildcarding field plus all lower levels (bit value 1). Bits 0
 through 5 of the wildcarding field specify the bit position in the
 Termination ID at which the starts.
 We illustrate this scheme with some examples. In these examples, the
 most significant bit in a string of bits appears on the left hand
 side.
 Assume that Termination IDs are three octets long and that each octet
 represents a level in a hierarchical naming scheme. A valid
 Termination ID is
 00000001 00011110 01010101.
 Addressing ALL names with prefix 00000001 00011110 is done as
 follows:
 wildcarding field: _PHONE_
 Termination ID: 00000001 00011110 xxxxxxxx.
Cuervo, et al. Standards Track [Page 77]
RFC 2885 Megaco Protocol August 2000
 The values of the bits labeled "x" is irrelevant and shall be ignored
 by the receiver.
 Indicating to the receiver that is must choose a name with 00011110
 as the second octet is done as follows:
 wildcarding fields: 00010111 followed by 00000111
 Termination ID: xxxxxxxx 00011110 xxxxxxxx.
 The first wildcard field indicates a CHOOSE wildcard for the level in
 the naming hierarchy starting at bit 23, the highest level in our
 assumed naming scheme. The second wildcard field indicates a CHOOSE
 wildcard for the level in the naming hierarchy starting at bit 7, the
 lowest level in our assumed naming scheme.
 Finally, a CHOOSE-wildcarded name with the highest level of the name
 equal to 00000001 is specified as follows:
 wildcard field: 01001111
 Termination ID: _PHONE_ xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx .
 Bit value 1 at bit position 6 of the first octet of the wildcard
 field indicates that the wildcarding pertains to the specified level
 in the naming hierarchy and all lower levels.
 Context IDs may also be wildcarded. In the case of Context IDs,
 however, specifying partial names is not allowed. Context ID 0x0
 SHALL be used to indicate the NULL Context, Context ID 0xFFFFFFFE
 SHALL be used to indicate a CHOOSE wildcard, and Context ID
 0xFFFFFFFF SHALL be used to indicate an ALL wildcard.
 TerminationID 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF SHALL be used to indicate the ROOT
 Termination.
A.2 ASN.1 syntax specification
 This section contains the ASN.1 specification of the H.248 protocol
 syntax.
 NOTE - In case a transport mechanism is used that employs
 application level framing, the definition of Transaction below
 changes. Refer to the annex defining the transport mechanism for the
 definition that applies in that case.
 NOTE - The ASN.1 specification below contains a clause defining
 TerminationIDList as a sequence of TerminationIDs. The length of
 this sequence SHALL be one. The SEQUENCE OF construct is present
 only to allow future extensions.
 MEDIA-GATEWAY-CONTROL DEFINITIONS AUTOMATIC TAGS::= BEGIN
Cuervo, et al. Standards Track [Page 78]
RFC 2885 Megaco Protocol August 2000
 MegacoMessage ::= SEQUENCE
 {
 authHeader AuthenticationHeader OPTIONAL,
 mess Message
 }
 AuthenticationHeader ::= SEQUENCE
 {
 secParmIndex SecurityParmIndex,
 seqNum SequenceNum,
 ad AuthData
 }
 SecurityParmIndex ::= OCTET STRING(SIZE(4))
 SequenceNum ::= OCTET STRING(SIZE(4))
 AuthData ::= OCTET STRING (SIZE (16..32))
 Message ::= SEQUENCE
 {
 version INTEGER(0..99),
 -- The version of the protocol defined here is equal to 1.
 mId MId, -- Name/address of message originator
 messageBody CHOICE
 {
 messageError ErrorDescriptor,
 transactions SEQUENCE OF Transaction
 },
 ...
 }
 MId ::= CHOICE
 {
 ip4Address IP4Address,
 ip6Address IP6Address,
 domainName DomainName,
 deviceName PathName,
 mtpAddress OCTET STRING(SIZE(2)),
 -- Addressing structure of mtpAddress:
 -- 15 0
 -- | PC | NI |
 -- 14 bits 2 bits
 ...
 }
 DomainName ::= SEQUENCE
 {
Cuervo, et al. Standards Track [Page 79]
RFC 2885 Megaco Protocol August 2000
 name IA5String,
 -- The name starts with an alphanumeric digit followed by a
 -- sequence of alphanumeric digits, hyphens and dots. No two
 -- dots shall occur consecutively.
 portNumber INTEGER(0..65535) OPTIONAL
 }
 IP4Address ::= SEQUENCE
 {
 address OCTET STRING (SIZE(4)),
 portNumber INTEGER(0..65535) OPTIONAL
 }
 IP6Address ::= SEQUENCE
 {
 address OCTET STRING (SIZE(16)),
 portNumber INTEGER(0..65535) OPTIONAL
 }
 PathName ::= IA5String(SIZE (1..64))
 -- See section A.3
 Transaction ::= CHOICE
 {
 transactionRequest TransactionRequest,
 transactionPending TransactionPending,
 transactionReply TransactionReply,
 transactionResponseAck TransactionResponseAck,
 -- use of response acks is dependent on underlying
 transport
 ...
 }
 TransactionId ::= INTEGER(0.._PHONE_) -- 32 bit unsigned integer
 TransactionRequest ::= SEQUENCE
 {
 transactionId TransactionId,
 actions SEQUENCE OF ActionRequest,
 ...
 }
 TransactionPending ::= SEQUENCE
 {
 transactionId TransactionId,
 ...
 }
Cuervo, et al. Standards Track [Page 80]
RFC 2885 Megaco Protocol August 2000
 TransactionReply ::= SEQUENCE
 {
 transactionId TransactionId,
 transactionResult CHOICE
 {
 transactionError ErrorDescriptor,
 actionReplies SEQUENCE OF ActionReply
 },
 ...
 }
 TransactionResponseAck ::= SEQUENCE
 {
 firstAck TransactionId,
 lastAck TransactionId OPTIONAL
 }
 ErrorDescriptor ::= SEQUENCE
 {
 errorCode ErrorCode,
 errorText ErrorText OPTIONAL
 }
 ErrorCode ::= INTEGER(0..65535)
 -- See section 13 for IANA considerations w.r.t. error codes
 ErrorText ::= IA5String
 ContextID ::= INTEGER(0.._PHONE_)
 -- Context NULL Value: 0
 -- Context CHOOSE Value: 429467294 (0xFFFFFFFE)
 -- Context ALL Value: _PHONE_ (0xFFFFFFFF)
 ActionRequest ::= SEQUENCE
 {
 contextId ContextID,
 contextRequest ContextRequest OPTIONAL,
 contextAttrAuditReq ContextAttrAuditRequest OPTIONAL,
 commandRequests SEQUENCE OF CommandRequest
 }
 ActionReply ::= SEQUENCE
 {
 contextId ContextID,
 errorDescriptor ErrorDescriptor OPTIONAL,
 contextReply ContextRequest OPTIONAL,
Cuervo, et al. Standards Track [Page 81]
RFC 2885 Megaco Protocol August 2000
 commandReply SEQUENCE OF CommandReply
 }
 ContextRequest ::= SEQUENCE
 {
 priority INTEGER(0..15) OPTIONAL,
 emergency BOOLEAN OPTIONAL,
 topologyReq SEQUENCE OF TopologyRequest OPTIONAL,
 ...
 }
 ContextAttrAuditRequest ::= SEQUENCE
 {
 topology NULL OPTIONAL,
 emergency NULL OPTIONAL,
 priority NULL OPTIONAL,
 ...
 }
 CommandRequest ::= SEQUENCE
 {
 command Command,
 optional NULL OPTIONAL,
 wildcardReturn NULL OPTIONAL,
 ...
 }
 Command ::= CHOICE
 {
 addReq AmmRequest,
 moveReq AmmRequest,
 modReq AmmRequest,
 -- Add, Move, Modify requests have the same parameters
 subtractReq SubtractRequest,
 auditCapRequest AuditRequest,
 auditValueRequest AuditRequest,
 notifyReq NotifyRequest,
 serviceChangeReq ServiceChangeRequest,
 ...
 }
 CommandReply ::= CHOICE
 {
 addReply AmmsReply,
 moveReply AmmsReply,
 modReply AmmsReply,
 subtractReply AmmsReply,
 -- Add, Move, Modify, Subtract replies have the same parameters
Cuervo, et al. Standards Track [Page 82]
RFC 2885 Megaco Protocol August 2000
 auditCapReply AuditReply,
 auditValueReply


text:
All students study Food and Nutrition in Years 7, 8 and 9 as part of their STEM course.
In Year 7 students learn basic cooking skills and how to be confident in the kitchen. We cover the topics of healthy eating, current government guidelines for a healthy diet, the nutrients in our food, food packaging and food waste.
In Year 8 students have Food and Nutrition for 1 hour a week, for half of the year. We build upon basic cooking skills with a focus on making meals so that students can feed themselves and others. We cover various theory topics such as the future of food, environmental issues, where our food comes from and nutrition.
In Year 9 students learn vital life skills and become independent and confident cooks. They also gain a sound knowledge of nutrition, diet and health; British and international cuisines, the basic principles of food science and current issues with food and the environment.
AQA GCSE Food Preparation and Nutrition 8585
Food Preparation and Nutrition is an enjoyable and engaging subject that aims to give students valuable practical skills as well food and nutrition knowledge.
Food preparation skills – these are intended to be integrated into the five sections:
Writen examination: 1 hour 45 minutes (forms 50% of total GCSE)
Non-exam assessment (NEA): (forms 50% of total GCSE)


text:
In This Section
APIFED (Appui à l'autopromotion et l'insertion des femmes, des jeunes et des désœuvrés)
APIFED are located in Djoum, Cameroon and works with local and indigenous communities mostly in the region of Djoum. RFUK's partnership with APIFED began in 2014 and together we are working on the following issues:
- Participatory Mapping
- Land and Resource Rights of Forest Peoples
- Processes related to and planning (zoning land reform)
APIFED aims to contribute to improving the socio-economic position of vulnerable groups.


Home Page
For information about Coronavirus, please go to Useful Information for Parents - Coronavirus
Gases Around Us
I can name several gases and identify one way in which each is useful to us
I know the properties of solids, liquids and gases
I know that the process which takes place when water changes to a gas is evaporation
I can use measuring jugs or cylinders to make measurements of volume
I can repeat measurements to check results
I can explain that bubbles appear because the water pushes the air (gas) out of the spaces between the particles of soil


text:
Skip to Main Content
The problem of source localization in shallow water in the presence of sensor location uncertainty is considered. The Cramer-Rao Bound is used to carry out a feasibility study for the joint source and sensor location problem when the multipath propagation channel is modeled as a known, deterministic waveguide. Unlike the free-space propagation channel, the boundedness of the shallow-water waveguide along its vertical axis provides the key to joint determination of the source and sensor location parameters. It is seen that, when a set of intuitive identifiability conditions are satisfied, numerical examples indicate that, for the scenarios considered, the resulting loss in accuracy with which the source location can be estimated due to sensor location uncertainty may be tolerable.


Resting-state EEG, Impulsiveness, and Personality in Daily and Nondaily Smokers.
Rass, O., Ahn, W.-Y., O'Donnell, B. F. 2016. Clinical Neurophysiology, 127(1), 409–418.
Objectives: Resting EEG is sensitive to transient, acute effects of nicotine administration and abstinence, but the chronic effects of smoking on EEG are poorly characterized. This study measures the resting EEG profile of chronic smokers in a non-deprived, non-peak state to test whether differences in smoking behavior and personality traits affect pharmaco-EEG response.
Methods: Resting EEG, impulsiveness, and personality measures were collected from daily smokers (n = 22), nondaily smokers (n = 31), and non-smokers (n = 30).
Results: Daily smokers had reduced resting delta and alpha EEG power and higher impulsiveness (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale) compared to nondaily smokers and non-smokers. Both daily and nondaily smokers discounted delayed rewards more steeply, reported lower conscientiousness (NEO-FFI), and reported greater disinhibition and experience seeking (Sensation Seeking Scale) than non-smokers. Nondaily smokers reported greater sensory hedonia than nonsmokers.
Conclusions: Altered resting EEG power in daily smokers demonstrates differences in neural signaling that correlated with greater smoking behavior and dependence. Although nondaily smokers share some characteristics with daily smokers that may predict smoking initiation and maintenance, they differ on measures of impulsiveness and resting EEG power.
Significance: Resting EEG in non-deprived chronic smokers provides a standard for comparison to peak and trough nicotine states and may serve as a biomarker for nicotine dependence, relapse risk, and recovery.


French Navy
French Navy of World War 1
At the outbreak of the First World War France had 19 battleships, 32 cruisers, 86 destroyers, 34 submarines, and 115 torpedo boats.
During the Dardanelles operation, the French Navy sent four battleships, six destroyers, and submarines. The battleship Bovet and four submarines were lost during this campaign.
The French Navy kept to the Mediterranean so the British Navy could recall most of her capital ships to the North Atlantic to counter the German fleet.
Following the 1904 Anglo-French Entente Cordiale, the French Navy policy was to concentrate its forces in the Mediterranean against a likely Italian-Austrian coalition, while maintaining a mainly defensive position in the north (North Sea, English Channel, Atlantic coast) where the Royal Navy would predominate.
French forces in this area initially included seven cruisers and a number of destroyers, torpedo boats, and submarines for patrol duty in the western English Channel.
In the Mediterranean on the other hand was the 1st Armée Navale under the command of Adm de Lapeyrère


text: This paper describes the implementation of controlling physical parameters through IoT applications with GSM module. The ever increasing requirements for information being accessible at any time, from any place, regardless the type of remote device or planned operation, together with the need of complete control of a specific scenario or device has paved the way towards the next technological revolution: Internet of Things (IoT). In this project, the parameters are sensed by the respective sensors and are monitored by the individual microcontrollers. Finally, the values are displayed with the help of individual LCD displays. The microcontroller is connected to the PC through zigbee bus and the output will be displayed in that PC with the help of RS232 serial communication. This data is stored in the Pc and uploaded to the cloud. The system is reliable and stable. It is the most effective and most economical means of equipment safety monitoring.


text:
Amazon dark soil is a mysterious phenomenon that has long attracted the attention of scientists from around the world. Researchers have recently discovered that this unique soil type could play a key role in combating climate change and restoring forests around the world.
What is the Amazon dark earth?
Amazon dark earth is a soil that has unique properties. It contains high levels of carbon, which makes it especially fertile. This soil comes from ancient Native American practices that used organic materials to fertilize the soil. These materials then decomposed and created dark soil.
Discovering the Secret of Amazon Dark Soil
Recently, a team of scientists from Brazil, the U.S. and the U.K. conducted a study of Amazonian dark soil. They discovered that this soil could play an important role in combating climate change and restoring forests around the world. Researchers found that Amazonian dark earth helps conserve carbon in the soil, which helps fight global warming.
How does it work?
When trees grow, they absorb carbon from the atmosphere and store it in their trunks and roots. When the trees die and decompose, the carbon is released back into the atmosphere. However, Amazon dark earth helps keep the carbon in the soil, which prevents it from escaping into the atmosphere. This means that using Amazon dark earth can help reduce the amount of carbon in the atmosphere and slow global warming.
How can this help restore forests around the world?
Reforestation is an important task that helps combat climate change and conserve biodiversity. However, it is a task that requires a lot of time and resources. Using Amazon dark earth can help speed up the process of reforestation.
Studies have shown that using Amazon dark earth can increase the growth rate of trees and improve their health. This means that forest regeneration can happen faster and more efficiently. In addition, using Amazon dark earth can help conserve biodiversity because it is highly fertile.
Amazon dark earth is a unique phenomenon that can help combat climate change and reforestation around the world. Its use can accelerate forest restoration and preserve biodiversity. However, this requires more research and specific programs for the use of Amazon dark earth.


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When it is important to measure a flow field with PIV close to walls e.g.
some blades of a turbine - it is nearly impossible to avoid bright
reflections of the light sheet in the area of interest. The intensities of
these reflections are much higher than the typical particle signal. In
order to avoid saturation of the CCD the intensity of the reflections
determines the maximum laser energy that can be used for the
recording. To obtain sufficient particle signal it is essential to
minimize the intensity of these reflections.
Fluorescent
Paint
Often it is sufficient to color parts of the experiment in the field of
view with ordinary dull black paint. Since this is not always satisfying
LaVision recommends to use Fluorescent Paint. This paint turns
some amount of the green laser light into red fluorescent light. The
efficiency is typically about 30%. During the PIV recording the green
bandpass filter - delivered with the LaVision FlowMaster system
blocks the red fluorescent light and so less light from the reflection is
imaged to the CCD.
To reduce laser light
reflections in PIV
recordings
Applications : PIV measurements
 in IC engines
 in turbines
 close to boundary layers
Plate with ordinary black
anodization and Fluorescent
Paint on white paint.
Laser light sheet imaged with
CCD camera and green
bandpass filter.
Intensity in a horizontal cut
through the light sheet and a
definite reduction by the
Fluorescent paint.
Formula :
 solve 3g Rhodamine6G C28H31N2O3Cl (alternatively RhodamineB) in
10 ml ethanol
 add 500ml transparent acrylic paint (water soluble!) to achieve
optimum fluorescence
LAVISION GMBH
LAVISION INC.
ANNA-VANDENHOECK-RING 19 / D-37081 GOETTINGEN / GERMANY
E-MAIL: _EMAIL_/ _URL_
TEL. +49-(0)5 51 90 04- 0 / FAX +49-(0)5 51 90 04- 100
301 W. MICHIGAN AVE. / SUITE 403 / YPSILANTI, MI 48179 / USA
E-MAIL: _EMAIL_/ _URL_
TEL. (734) 485 - 0913 / FAX (240) 465 - 4306


Wanda Bąk
Łukasz Hawełka
Jerzy Skarżyński
Who is Hyalutidin for?
Your joints require support if:
 - You are in mature age
Even after the age of 25, the body's level of hyaluronic acid production reduces. At the age of 40, the body produces 50%, and at the age of 60 only 10% of hyaluronic acid. The first wrinkles are observed after 10 years of reduced production of hyaluronic acid. Unfortunately, the lack of hyaluronic acid in the joints is not visible. When the joints make themselves known, it is often too late.
 - You are in rehabilitation after musculoskeletal trauma
In order to speed up the rehabilitation process, the deficiencies in synovial fluid components, i.e., hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate should be supplemented. This will allow you to protect the cartilage from degradation and improve joint elasticity.
 - You are overweight, which strains your joints
Each excess kilogram is an additional 5% load on the lower limb joints. 20 kg of excess weight is an additional 100% load on the joints. It is as if the joints of one man must bear the weight of two people. Protect your joints using Hyalutidin HC Aktiv.
 - You are overweight, you want to lose weight and start exercising
Your joints are not just strained by excessed weight, but also a series of physical exercises. To make sure that your workouts do not destroy your joints, use hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate, which will protect the joints against degradation of joint cartilage and improve cushioning. A slimmer silhouette does not necessarily mean damaged joints.
 - You actively practice sports
If you train for health, remember to keep your joints in good shape. The deficiencies of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate can be easily supplemented with Hyalutidin HC Aktiv.
 - You train professionally
Breaking life records is the result of intensive training, during which the joints use up very large amounts of hyaluronic acid. To prevent the degradation of articular cartilage it is key to systematically supplement the deficiencies of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate using Hyalutidin HC Aktiv.
 - For children actively practicing sport
The lower nutritional value of food and the rapid growth of children and adolescents have caused that the growth of joint cartilage cannot keep up with bone growth. Add a Hyalutidin HC Aktiv supplement to your child's diet so they can enjoy active practice of sports, without overstressing the joints (see how to dose the supplement in the children's dosing section).
for EVERYONE, why?
One common reasonshortage of synovial fluid
One solution - supplementation of synovial fluid
For whom is Hyaluditin?
We will answer all your questions.
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Contact us
Phone.: +48 32 226-65-08
+48 793-196-111


text:
The Biden Administration signed an executive order in March to allocate more funding for women's health research, which is a significant step towards improving healthcare for women in the Tampa Bay area. For years, women's health has been under-researched and underfunded, leading to gaps in knowledge and treatment options.
Dr. Megan Tyrone, the Chief Medical Officer at St. Joseph's Women's and Children's Hospital, stated that the $12 billion in federal funding will have a tremendous impact on women's health, not just within specialized facilities but in medicine overall. On the other hand, Dr. Daniela Crousillat, Director of the Women's Heart Program at the University of South Florida and Tampa General Hospital, highlighted the underrepresentation of women in clinical trials, particularly in cardiology research.
The lack of inclusion in studies has led to incomplete treatment options for many women, despite heart disease being the leading cause of death among women. Both doctors believe that this new funding will enable researchers to delve deeper into understanding how diseases affect women and ultimately lead to better prevention, diagnosis, and treatment options.
Although progress takes time in the realm of research, the doctors are hopeful that with this increased funding, there will be significant advancements in women's health in the years to come. The focus on studying various diseases that disproportionately affect women will likely lead to more tailored approaches to healthcare for women in the future.
In conclusion, this executive order is a significant step towards improving healthcare for women in the Tampa Bay area by providing more funding for research on their health issues. With increased funding and better representation in clinical trials, there is hope that researchers will uncover new insights into how diseases affect women and develop more effective treatments for them.


text:
Next 1st and 2nd July 2019, the IWAlgae conference will be held in Valladolid, Spain. This event represents a joint conference, bringing together the 2nd IWA Conference on Algal Technologies for Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery and the 12th IWA Specialist Group Conference in Wastewater Pond Technology. These two international conferences will allow scientists, algaeneers and practitioners to exchange the latest knowledge on the application of photosynthetic microorganisms for wastewater treatment and resource recovery, covering traditional opened ponds systems and the use of photobioreactors.
AQUALIA, which is Platinum Sponsor of this event, will present the latest results of BioSol Water Recycling project. Concretely, two works will be presented:
- Production of microalgae-based biofertilizer and water for reuse from wastewater in El Toyo WWTP.
- Carbon footprint assessment of microalgae systems for wastewater treatment.
BioSol Demo 2 in El Toyo- Almería is running since last summer 2018. It supposes 3000 m2 of microalgae reactor for wastewater treatment. The algae biomass produced in this system is valorized for the production of biofertilizers.
More information about the conference: _URL_


text:
Purpose To characterize the tumor microenvironment after standard radiation therapy (SRT) and pulsed radiation therapy (PRT) in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) allografts. Methods and Materials Subcutaneous LLC tumors were established in C57BL/6 mice. Standard RT or PRT was given at 2 Gy/d for a total dose of 20 Gy using a 5 days on, 2 days off schedule to mimic clinical delivery. Radiation-induced tumor microenvironment changes were examined after treatment using flow cytometry and antibody-specific histopathology. Normal tissue effects were measured using noninvasive 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography after naïve animals were given whole-lung irradiation to 40 Gy in 4 weeks using the same 2-Gy/d regimens. Results Over the 2 weeks of therapy, PRT was more effective than SRT at reducing tumor growth rate (0.31 ± 0.02 mm3/d and 0.55 ± 0.04 mm3/d, respectively; P<.007). Histopathology showed a significant comparative reduction in the levels of Ki-67 (14.5% ± 3%), hypoxia (10% ± 3.5%), vascular endothelial growth factor (2.3% ± 1%), and stromal-derived factor-1α (2.5% ± 1.4%), as well as a concomitant decrease in CD45+ bone marrow–derived cell (BMDC) migration (7.8% ± 2.2%) after PRT. The addition of AMD3100 also decreased CD45+ BMDC migration in treated tumors (0.6% ± 0.1%). Higher vessel density was observed in treated tumors. No differences were observed in normal lung tissue after PRT or SRT. Conclusions Pulsed RT–treated tumors exhibited slower growth and reduced hypoxia. Pulsed RT eliminated initiation of supportive mechanisms utilized by tumors in low oxygen microenvironments, including angiogenesis and recruitment of BMDCs.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Number of pages||9|
|Journal||International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics|
|State||Published - Sep 1 2016|
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging
- Cancer Research


text: The requirements for the sustainability and performance of concretes are continuously increasing. Both properties can be improved through optimisation of the concrete mixing process. The following article demonstrates that the application of Power Ultrasound (PUS) during the mixing of the concrete – the Sonocrete technology described here – brings about significant increases in the flowabilities and early compressive strengths for a practically relevant concrete recipe. It was thereby possible to save at least 30% superplasticiser, to use a cement of a lower strength class with the same or better strength development or alternatively to shorten or completely replace the heat treatment. Further investigations into durability show that the carbonation behaviour and freeze/thaw resistance are not negatively affected by an ultrasound-assisted mixing process.


How To Whisper In Roblox & Send Private Messages
Looking to make new friends in Roblox by sending them private messages? Check out this guide to learn how to whisper.
Roblox like most online games allows the players to whisper or send private messages to each other. It is an online game platform that has a massive number of players and a ton of games. Since there are a lot of games to play and many players playing them, it allows you opportunities to make friends. You can also use the whisper feature to come up with strategies to win the match based on the game that you are playing. So in this guide, let us take a look at how to whisper and send private messages in Roblox.
How to Whisper in Roblox and Send Messages?
how to whisper in roblox
 1. Start playing a Roblox game of your choice.
 2. Click on the text field in the chatbox on the top left side of the screen. Alternatively, you can also press "/" on your keyboard.
 3. Type "/w" or "/whisper" (without the double quotes) then a space followed by the name of the player you want to message.
 4. When you start typing the name of the player the chatbox should autofill it in brackets with a To before the name in purple color. So for example, if you are messaging to player "abc" it should look like "[Toabc]".
 5. If done correctly, you should also see the message saying you are now privately chatting with "player name".
 6. Now simply type the message you want and press enter to send it.
An important thing to remember here is this method will work for most games but not every game. That is because some games that use a custom chat system might have this feature disabled and hence you can't send private messages in those games. Also, you can only chat by whispering with players when you both are in the same game. If you want to chat after that or in other games you should add them as a friend.
How to Send Messages to Roblox Players
In case you want to send messages to players outside a game then follow the below steps.
 1. Search for the player you want to chat with.
 2. If you get the option to message them you can send a message, else you will have to add them first.
 3. Once they are your friend you can chat with them.
Remember that you need to add your email id if you want to send messages without adding friends.
That covers everything you need to know about how to whisper or send private messages in Roblox. If you love playing this game then be sure to check out our Roblox section for more helpful guides.


TU Berlin
Service-centric NetworkingDanker, J. (2019). Analysis of LTE cell outages simulated with ns3. Bachelor Thesis, Technische Universität Berlin
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Bachelor Thesis: Analysis of LTE cell outages simulated with ns3
Title:
Analysis of LTE cell outages simulated with ns3
Description:
In this thesis I will build an LTE network using the simulation software ns3 and show different indicators and measurements that can be used to elaborate the signal quality for the users. I will simulate a cell outage and analyze frequency reuse algorithms that have the purpose of reducing the interference between cells and improving the signal quality for the users. After introducing some selected algorithms I will compare their influence on the signals during an outage. For this purpose I will observe user equipment located in different sections of the cell and fetch the data of their feedback messages to analyze it.
The key challenges of this thesis are
- the familiarization with the simulation software and the comprehension of its models
- identify possible ways on how to simulate a cell outage
- getting used to the functionalities of the frequency reuse algorithms and understanding their differences in order to elaborate a meaningful evaluation
- implement an LTE network and fetch the relevant data
The thesis is structured as follows. At first I will explain the structure of an LTE network, describe its most important components and introduce important measurements that are generally used to evaluate the quality and connectivity. Secondly, I will step into the simulation software ns3, giving an overview of its capabilities and describing the components that I used to perform the simulation. Afterwards, I will get into the details on the actual implementation.
Finally, after giving an assumption of how I expect the results to be I will show the yielded data, analyze it and draw a conclusion.
Supervisor: Tanja Hagemann
Type: Bachelor Thesis
Duration: 4 months
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Puerto Rico is widely known as the "La Isla del Encanto," which translated means "The Island of Enchantment." And while its beaches, tropical rain forest, and biolumescent bays are wonders of nature, the island is not without its problems. From energy needs to economics, Puerto Rico shares many issues facing the rest of the world.
In this MicrobeWorld Video episode we talk with Nadathur S. Govind, Ph.D., Professor, Marine Sciences Department at the University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, and William Rosado, Marine Sciences Department at the University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, about the sustainable biofuel program they are launching in southwestern Puerto Rico.
According to Govind, the island's successful sugarcane industry died in the 1990's. In fact, local rum manufacturers now import their molasses from as far away as Malaysia. As a result, approximately 70 percent of the population in southwestern Puerto Rico is on welfare.
Govind believes he can rebuild the local economy by harnessing bacterial enzymes extracted from the guts of termites and shipworms (mollusks) found in the mangroves off the coast to break down the lignocellulose in sugarcane and hibiscus. The idea is that if he can bring agricultural production back to his community, he can use the crop waste to produce ethanol to supplement Puerto Rico's demand for fuel. And since the byproduct of ethanol is carbon dioxide, he also plans to use algae to capture the gas and produce biodiesel. The waste that he has left over can then be returned to the soil as fertilizer or given to livestock as feed, completing the cycle.
For more information about Govind's program please read the article, "Combining Agriculture with Microbial Genomics to Make Fuels," found in the American Society for Microbiology's Microbe magazine.
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How do I add multiple masks to a layer in Photoshop CS3? I already created one mask for chain link fence so that the fence would appear between a person and his original background:
Now I would like to apply a second mask to the chain link fence for dirty grunge effect - for example, make some chains broken or frailed. The reason why I want two masks is so that I can edit each independently and have a non-destructive way of playing with my fence.
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
up vote 1 down vote accepted
It's hacky, but you can add multiple raster masks by Grouping the layer. Of course, this may cause problems if you need it to be bound to a lower layer, but if the layer is "independent" you can add as many redundant masks as you want.
So, in your example, you could make your fence with its layer mask. Then make a group with the fence (and any effects). Mask the group with the man's outline so the fence appears behind him.
share|improve this answer
I wouldn't call that "hacky." It's just using a feature in a sneaky way. ;-) – Alan Gilbertson May 19 '11 at 20:30
You can add a vector mask, not a second raster mask, but that won't get you where you need to go.
There a several ways to add your grunge effect, but probably the simplest would convert the fence layer to a Smart Object (they were new in CS3, from what I remember) and mask that. You'll not interfere with the mask in the object itself, but you will have a problem if you ever need to move either the man or the fence.
Another way to grunge up only the fence layer would be to make a new layer group with only that one layer in it, and add a mask to the layer. If you "unhook" your existing mask from the layer, you will be able to adjust the position of the layer without affecting the illusion.
All that said, a different but possibly much faster technique is:
 1. Make the "man" layer active, then Ctrl-click (Cmd-click) the fence layer's mask icon in the layers panel to load it as as selection.
 2. Copy (Ctrl/Cmd-J or Layer > New > New Layer Via Copy) the man and the background bits seen through the fence onto a new layer.
 3. Move this new layer above the fence layer, and you can do anything you want with that mask.
share|improve this answer
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text:
Sending sensor data
Another focus of this project is to create electronical sensor for CO2 and other gases and register online data using Arduino.
One of the activities is to measure pollution with Arduino
Measurement of car pollutants using Arduino and MQ sensors
In the following videos you could see the students measuring pollutant emission in diesel and gasoline cars at different rpm using Arduino and MQ sensors


Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
Publication type: Master thesis
Title: Differences in rhetorical and non-verbal communication of startup pitches in American and Swiss cultures
Authors: Tanno, Selina
Advisors / Reviewers: Graziano, Benjamin
Björck, Albena
DOI: 10.21256/zhaw-19577
Extent: 124
Issue Date: 2019
Publisher / Ed. Institution: ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften
Publisher / Ed. Institution: Winterthur
Language: English
Subject (DDC): 658.8: Marketing management
Abstract: In recent years, the conventional business plan presentation has been replaced by the pitch, which has become the main method of communication towards investors for many startups. Consequently, strong presentation and communication skills are of paramount importance. Furthermore, startup founders are facing new challenges while raising funding from investors, especially when introducing their businesses into new markets. Pitching in another country without any experience is a serious problem for many startup founders. Therefore, the main goal of this master's thesis was to answer a hitherto uninvestigated question: what are the rhetorical and non-verbal communication differences of startup pitches in the American and Swiss cultures? Finding an adequate answer to this question would help the founders of Swiss startups to overcome the differences and challenges they face when pitching in the US. The results showed that various rhetorical and non-verbal differences existed between American and Swiss startup pitches. The biggest differences related to aspects of storytelling and the use of gestures, as the American pitchers were more enthusiastic and outgoing than their Swiss equivalents. Various other differences were identified concerning the credentials of a pitcher, the founding reason of the company, and the use of facial expressions. Nevertheless, not just differences but also similarities between the two cultures emerged from the analysis. The findings of this thesis showed clear differences that can be used by American as well as Swiss pitchers, bearing in mind minor limitations. In addition, the findings lead to several recommendations for further research. In particular, research on the impact of pitch adaptations, based on the results of this thesis, on startups' success in front of American investors would make a valuable contribution.
Departement: School of Management and Law
Appears in collections:MSc International Business
Files in This Item:
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Master's Thesis Startup Pitching - Selina Tanno.pdf2.15 MBAdobe PDFThumbnail


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Weighted Mean of Numbers
Tool to calculate weighted means. The weighted mean of a statistical value related to a list of numbers that are associated with a coefficient: their weight.
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Weighted Mean of Numbers
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See also: Mean of Numbers
Tool to calculate weighted means. The weighted mean of a statistical value related to a list of numbers that are associated with a coefficient: their weight.
Answers to Questions
How to compute a weighted arithmetic mean?
Take a list of $ n $ values $ X = \{x_1, x_2, \dots, x_n \} $ associated with weights $ W = \{ w_1, w_2, \dots, w_n\} $. The weighted arithmetic mean is defined by the sum of values multiplied by their weight, divided by the sum of weights. $$ \bar{x} = \frac{ \sum_{i=1}^n w_i x_i}{\sum_{i=1}^n w_i} $$
Example: The list of 3 numbers $ 12 $ (coefficient $ 7 $), $ 14 $ (coefficient $ 2 $) and $ 16 $ (coefficient $ 1 $) has for weighted mean $ (12 \times 7 + 14 \times 2 + 16 \times 1) / (7 + 2 + 1) = 12.8 $
How to compute a weighted geometric mean?
Consided a list of n values $ X = \ {x_1, x_2, \dots, x_n \} $ associated with weights $ W = \{ w_1, w_2, \dots, w_n\} $. The weighted geometric mean is defined by the pth root of the product of values, where p is the weight's sum. $$ \bar{x}^G = \left(\prod_{i=1}^n x_i^{w_i}\right)^{1 / \sum_{i=1}^n w_i} = \quad \exp \left( \frac{1}{\sum_{i=1}^n w_i} \; \sum_{i=1}^n w_i \ln x_i \right) $$
How to compute a weighted harmonic mean?
Consided a list of n values $ X = \ {x_1, x_2, \dots, x_n \} $ associated with weights $ W = \{ w_1, w_2, \dots, w_n\} $. The weighted harmonic mean is defined by the ratio of p (the weight sum) to the sum of the ratio of each weigth over the values. $$ \bar{x}^H = \sum_{i=1}^n w_i \bigg/ \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{w_i}{x_i} $$
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Thanks to your feedback and relevant comments, dCode has developped the best Weighted Mean of Numbers tool, so feel free to write! Thank you !
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text:
Issuing certificates to your students is something more than just congratulating them on their achievements. The issued certificate is also representing your image and brand.
With this being said, the look and feel of the credentials you issue should convey the message of your school, university, webinar, or course.
In this article, we will explain to you how to design certificates for your students using Certifier.
Step 1: Sign Up and Log In to Certifier
The first thing you should do is to sign up and log in to Certifier. This step takes less than one minute. Once you are logged in, you will be automatically redirected to the Design tab and start designing your first certificate.
Step 2: Choose a Template
There are two main approaches towards designing a certificate:
1) Using a pre-made template
2) Creating a design from scratch
While creating a design from scratch is a good way to stand out, it is crucial to understand that such an approach is both cost- and time-consuming.
Thus, we suggest clicking on the Templates button under the Design tab and using a pre-made template offered by Certifier's templates library.
To choose the right template, you should always keep in mind the topic of your course/webinar/program. Having that information in your mind, you should browse the templates library and look for the samples that match your topic the most.
For example, the IT field is usually associated with minimalism, bluish colors, IT-inspired graphic elements like computers, brackets, etc.
On the other hand, issuing the certificate of arts course completion requires using bold and colorful templates.
Do not forget that the text on the templates is customizable.
Thus, if you feel like the template saying Certificate of Internship matches your marketing course the most – feel free to use it since you will be able to change the text according to your needs.
Once you have filtered the library and picked some five templates that suit your topic, you should decide which of them you like best.
Having made up your mind, you should now customize the template that you have chosen and create your first certificate design.
Step 3: Customize the text
There are two main types of text fields one can place on the template:
1) Repetitive (Issue Date, Heading, etc.) - these fields will be the same for all of your students.
2) Unique (Recipient Name, Certificate ID, etc.) - each of your students will have unique text written.
When customizing the text fields, you should start with checking whether the template you have chosen has all the text fields you have in your mind, e.g. student's name, issue date, expiry date, course name, etc.
Following this, you should filter the text fields you want to place and decide which of them are unique (these are usually the recipient name and certificate id). All the repetitive fields can be placed directly on the template just in the way you want them to be displayed.
All of the unique fields should be placed as Attributes (they are stored under the Attributes tab). Attributes make Certifier powerful: with their help, you can issue hundreds of certificates to your students with just one click.
Simply put, these are dynamic elements that get replaced with data you provide during the issuing process.
This is how differently the same certificate can look like:
- certificate on the left - fonts carefully picked and adjusted;
- certificate on the right - no consistency in terms of fonts adjustments.
Read more: 8 Steps To Effective Certificate Design
Step 4: Customize the images
Placing the logo of your school, university, or company will give your students a branded experience. Thus, go to the Image tab to upload the logo of your company if you have one.
In addition to this, you may have some partners who assisted you in the course preparation. Thus, it is a good idea to place their logo as well when you design a certificate.
Your signature is one more graphic element you may want to place. You should simply upload a picture of your signature without a background and place it in the Signature field.
Congratulations! You have just designed your first certificate using Certifier's certificate template.
The last step is to name your certificate design and save it by hitting the Save Design button on the right upper corner.
Now you can issue your freshly designed certificates to hundreds of students in just one click!
Go through this checklist to find out whether your certificate has all the necessary elements:
Information about the certificate issuer:
- Name of your organization
- Your logo
- Teacher's name (if applicable)
- Signature (if applicable)
- Website (if applicable)
Information about the recipient:
- Full name of a recipient ([recipient.name] attribute)
- Course/program/webinar title
- Additional information about your program
Information about the issued credential:
- Document Title: certificate, diploma, confirmation, etc
- Issue date
- Expiration date (if applicable)
- Certificate ID (if applicable)
Some pieces of advice on how to design a professionally-looking certificate
- Use your brand colors.
- Do not use too many colors, try to limit yourself with three of them.
- If you feel that you are not good at design, use the template.
- Pay particular attention to white space (space without any information): there should be neither too much nor too little of it.
- Try to place your elements in a logical and symmetrical way.
- Remember that dynamic elements can take more space than you see initially: [recipient.name] attribute has 13 letters whereas a random name like Cameron Stephens which will replace the attribute has 15 letters and a white space.
- Issue test certificates first! Send them to your email, open, and see how the issued certificates look like and whether all the information is displayed in the way you planned.
As you can see, a degree in design is not required to create a beautiful certificate :) Get our free plan and see it for yourself!


text:
You don't just believe in Mississippi's future.
You're invested in it.
As an SEP sponsor, you enrich the lives of 600+ aspiring entrepreneurs every year through your support of the Program's world-class opportunities and resources!
What does it mean to support the SEP?
It means making Mississippi's youth aware of the opportunities and potential in our state.
It means recognizing and celebrating student initiative.
It means providing classroom resources to innovative educators.
It means expanding and connecting our students' network of business mentors and startup resources.


Unwinding the Cucumber Tendril Mystery
How a cucumber creates its curling tendril has puzzled scientists for centuries. Even Charles Darwin and Asa Gray were stumped. Now, with the help of time-lapse photography and prosthetic tendril fabricated in the lab, physicist Sharon Gerbode, biologist Joshua Puzey, and colleagues have figured out why tendrils twist, according to a new study in Science.
Segment Guests
Flora Lichtman


text:
Republic of Texas charters Independence Academy
On this day in 1837, the Congress of the Republic of Texas granted a charter to the citizens of Independence, Washington County, for the establishment of a nonsectarian, nonpolitical "seminary." The charter was a response to a petition presented a month before by John P. Coles, a large landowner and Old Three Hundred settler who had founded Coles' Settlement, later Independence. In order to carry out the charter, the young Henry F. Gillette bought an existing girls' school from Frances Thompson. Hugh Wilson, a Presbyterian minister, taught at the new academy. In 1839 the institution, known as Independence Female Academy, enrolled more than fifty students taught by a Miss McGuffin. In 1841 Edward Fontaine, a Methodist minister who later became an Episcopalian minister of considerable importance in Austin, taught at the school. Independence Academy closed in 1845. Its property was purchased and donated to the newly chartered Baylor University. Not until the Constitution of 1845 were the requirements for a system of public education legally and thoroughly specified.


Antiquitin is a member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily. Sequence analyses indicate that the protein is highly conserved from plants to animals. The plant antiquitins are generally believed to play a role in osmoregulation and/or detoxification. The physiological functions of animal antiquitins remain largely elusive, their involvement in a number of human diseases has been implicated.[1]
WikiGenes - Universities


xcol" value="4"/>
 <param name="ycol" value="2"/>
 </repeat>
 <output name="out_file1" file="cool.pdf" ftype="pdf" />
</test>
See the documentation on the repeat test directive.
An older way to specify repeats in a test is by instances that are created by referring to names with a special format: <repeat name>_<repeat index>|<param name>
<test>
 <param name="series_0|input" value="tabular1.tsv" ftype="tabular"/>
 <param name="series_0|xcol" value="1"/>
 <param name="series_0|ycol" value="2"/>
 <param name="series_1|input" value="tabular2.tsv" ftype="tabular"/>
 <param name="series_1|xcol" value="4"/>
 <param name="series_1|ycol" value="2"/>
 <output name="out_file1" file="cool.pdf" ftype="pdf" />
</test>
The test tool disambiguate_repeats.xml demonstrates both testing strategies.
Attributes
Attribute
Details
Required
name
Name for this element
True
title
The title of the repeat section, which will be displayed on the tool form.
True
min
The minimum number of repeat units.
False
max
The maximum number of repeat units.
False
default
The default number of repeat units.
False
help
Short help description for repeat element.
False
tool > inputs > conditional
This is a container for conditional parameters in the tool (must contain 'when' tag sets) - the command line (or portions thereof) are then wrapped in an if-else statement. A good example tool that demonstrates many conditional parameters is biom_convert.xml.
<conditional name="input_type">
 <param name="input_type_selector" type="select" label="Choose the source BIOM format">
 <option value="tsv" selected="true">Tabular File</option>
 <option value="biom">BIOM File</option>
 </param>
 <when value="tsv">
 <param name="input_table" type="data" format="tabular" label="Tabular File" argument="--input-fp"/>
 <param argument="--process-obs-metadata" type="select" label="Process metadata associated with observations when converting">
 <option value="" selected="true">Do Not process metadata</option>
 <option value="taxonomy">taxonomy</option>
 <option value="naive">naive</option>
 <option value="sc_separated">sc_separated</option>
 </param>
 </when>
 <when value="biom">
 <param name="input_table" type="data" format="biom1" label="Tabular File" argument="--input-fp"/>
 </when>
</conditional>
The first directive following the conditional is a param, this param must be of type select or boolean. Depending on the value a user selects for this "test" parameter - different UI elements will be shown. These different paths are described by the following the when blocks shown above.
The following Cheetah block demonstrates the use of the conditional shown above:
biom convert -i "${input_type.input_table}" -o "${output_table}"
#if str($input_type.input_type_selector) == "tsv":
 #if $input_type.process_obs_metadata:
 --process-obs-metadata "${input_type.process_obs_metadata}"
 #end if
#end if
Notice that the parameter input_table appears down both when clauses so ${input_type.input_table} appears unconditionally but we need to conditionally reference ${input_type.process_obs_metadata} with a Cheetah if statement.
A common use of the conditional wrapper is to select between reference data managed by the Galaxy admins (for instance via data managers ) and history files. A good example tool that demonstrates this is the Bowtie 2 wrapper.
<conditional name="reference_genome">
 <param name="source" type="select" label="Will you select a reference genome from your history or use a built-in index?" help="Built-ins were indexed using default options. See 'Indexes' section of help below">
 <option value="indexed">Use a built-in genome index</option>
 <option value="history">Use a genome from the history and build index</option>
 </param>
 <when value="indexed">
 <param name="index" type="select" label="Select reference genome" help="If your genome of interest is not listed, contact the Galaxy team">
 <options from_data_table="bowtie2_indexes">
 <filter type="sort_by" column="2"/>
 </options>
 <validator type="no_options" message="No indexes are available for the selected input dataset"/>
 </param>
 </when>
 <when value="history">
 <param name="own_file" type="data" format="fasta" label="Select reference genome" />
 </when>
</conditional>
The Bowtie 2 wrapper also demonstrates other conditional paths - such as choosing between paired inputs of single stranded inputs.
Attributes
Attribute
Details
Required
name
Name for this element
True
value_from
Infrequently used option to dynamically access Galaxy internals, this should be avoided. Galaxy method to execute.
False
value_ref
Infrequently used option to dynamically access Galaxy internals, this should be avoided. Referenced parameter to pass method.
False
value_ref_in_group
Infrequently used option to dynamically access Galaxy internals, this should be avoided. Is referenced parameter is the same group.
False
label
Human readable description for the conditional, unused in the Galaxy UI currently.
False
tool > inputs > conditional > when
This directive describes one potential set of input for the tool at this depth. See documentation for the conditional block for more details and examples (XML and corresponding Cheetah conditionals).
Attributes
Attribute
Details
Required
value
Value for the tool form test parameter corresponding to this when block.
True
tool > inputs > param
Contained within the <inputs> tag set - each of these specifies a field that will be displayed on the tool form. Ultimately, the values of these form fields will be passed as the command line parameters to the tool's executable.
Common Attributes
The attributes valid for this tag vary wildly based on the type of the parameter being described. All the attributes for the param element are documented below for completeness, but here are the common ones for each type are as follows:
Attributes
Attribute
Details
Required
type
Describes the parameter type - each different type as different semantics and the tool form widget is different. Currently valid parameter types are: text, integer, float, boolean, genomebuild, select, color, data_column, hidden, hidden_data, baseurl, file, ftpfile, data, data_collection, drill_down. The definition of supported parameter types as defined in the parameter_types dictionary in /lib/galaxy/tools/parameters/basic.py.
True
name
Name for this element. This name is used as the Cheetah variable containing the user-supplied parameter name in command and configfile elements. The name should not contain pipes or periods (e.g. .). Some "reserved" names are REDIRECT_URL, DATA_URL, GALAXY_URL.
False
argument
If the parameter reflects just one command line argument of a certain tool, this tag should be set to that particular argument. It is rendered in parenthesis after the help section, and it will create the name attribute (if not given explicitly) from the argument attribute by stripping leading dashes and replacing all remaining dashes by underscores (e.g. if argument="--long-parameter" then name="long_parameter" is implicit). Find the Intergalactic Utilities Commision suggested best practices for this element here.
False
label
The attribute value will be displayed on the tool page as the label of the form field (label="Sort Query").
False
help
Short bit of text, rendered on the tool form just below the associated field to provide information about the field.
False
optional
If false, parameter must have a value. Defaults to false except when the type attribute value is select and multiple is true.
False
refresh_on_change
Force a reload of the tool panel when the value of this parameter changes to allow code file processing. See deprecation-like notice for code blocks.
False
Parameter Types
text
When type="text", the parameter is free form text and


text:
Causes of Facial Trauma
Facial trauma can be caused by accidents, falls or sports injuries. The umbrella medical term for facial injuries is maxillofacial trauma. It can cause disfigurement and loss of function and treatment pathways will depend on the extent and complexity of the injuries.
There can also be significant psychological impact from facial trauma
There are 14 main bones in the face which are, in many parts, fragile and easily compromised. Reconstruction protocols are likely to involve specialists from different disciplines.
Treatment of Facial Trauma
Consultants will examine facial structures and use X-rays, CT and MRI scans to determine the extent of the trauma.
The hospital's oral and maxillofacial surgeons are experienced at repairing complex facial trauma that impact the jaw, eye sockets and other bones in the face as well as the soft tissue and nerve damage caused by lacerations. They are also skilled in selecting the optimum treatment pathways and rehabilitation programmes to ensure that all the physical and emotional aspects of facial trauma are considered.


text:
The oldest ancestor of rabbits is a 53 million year old fossil consisting of two recognizably lagomorphine (rabbits, hares, and pikas are lagomorphs) feet. These feet belonged to an animal the size of a hamster. However, I do not want to focus on two small feet this week. Instead, let us look at the opposite end of the size spectrum. We have all seen enormous rabbits, but have any of you seen the largest fossil rabbit? I got trapped in a Wikipedia loop of bunnies looking up the Minorcan King of the Hares, Nuralagus rex. Discovered and described in 2011, Nuralagus was approximately 0.5 m (1.64 ft) tall and may have weighed around 12 kg (26 lbs). For comparison, the largest breed of domesticated rabbits, the Flemish Giant, has an average weight of 6.80 kg (15 lbs).
Nuralagus fossils have been recovered exclusively from the scrubland areas of Minorca, a small island of Spain approximately 402 km (250 miles) south of Barcelona. The discovery of the rabbit fossils in the scrublands indicates that the diet of these rabbits was most likely centered on roots and tubers of the small scrub plants. Some might wonder how an animal like a rabbit, surviving on roots and tubers might become so large. Foster's Rule, also called the "Island Rule" states that large animals with scarce resources tend to evolve to smaller sizes and small animals continue to be small except in the absence of predators which allows lineages to evolve to larger sizes.
|Figure 3 from Quintana et al., 2011.|


GNU Mailutils Manual (split by node): Section: Chapter:FastBack: Programs Up: Reading Mail FastForward: Libraries Contents: Table of ContentsIndex: Function Index
3.5.5.7 Displaying Messages
print [msglist]
p [msglist]
type [msglist]
t [msglist]
Prints out the messages from msglist. The variable crt determines the minimum number of lines the body of the message must contain in order to be piped through pager command specified by environment variable PAGER. If crt is set to a numeric value, this value is taken as the minimum number of lines. Otherwise, if crt is set without a value then the height of the terminal screen is used to compute the threshold. The number of lines on screen is controlled by screen variable.
Print [msglist]
P [msglist]
Type [msglist]
T [msglist]
Like print but also prints out ignored header fields.
decode [msglist]
dec [msglist]
Print a multipart message. The decode command decodes and prints out specified message parts. E.g.
& decode 15[2]
+---------------------------------------
| Message=15[2]
| Type=message/delivery-status
| encoding=7bit
+---------------------------------------
Content-Type: message/delivery-status
...
top [msglist]
to [msglist]
Prints the top few lines of each message in msglist. The number of lines printed is controlled by the variable toplines and defaults to five.
pipe [msglist] [shell-command]
| [msglist] [shell-command]
Pipe the contents of specified messages through shell-command. If shell-command is empty but the string variable cmd is set, the value of this variable is used as a command name.
struct [msglist]
Prints the MIME structure of each message from msglist. Empty msglist means current message.
Example:
& struct 2
2 multipart/mixed 14k
2[1] text/plain 296
2[2] application/octet-stream 5k
2[3] text/x-diff 31k
GNU Mailutils Manual (split by node): Section: Chapter:FastBack: Programs Up: Reading Mail FastForward: Libraries Contents: Table of ContentsIndex: Function Index


1. Money
Futures Market Expiration Dates
Futures markets (e.g. the Euro to US Dollar futures market) are traded using futures contracts, which are divided into several (usually four or more) contracts throughout the year. Each of the futures contracts is active for a specific amount of time, during which it can be traded, and the contract then expires, and can not be traded any more. The date upon which a futures contract expires is known as its expiration date, and the expiration dates are fixed for each futures market by the exchange that provides the market (e.g. the CME Group for the Euro to US Dollar futures market).
Standard Expiration Dates
There are four expiration dates which are considered the standard futures market expiration dates. The four standard expiration dates are the third Friday of every third month, which in 2011 (next year) will be as follows:
 - March 18th
 - June 17th
 - September 16th
 - December 16th
The standard expiration dates apply to most of the stock index futures markets (e.g. the Nasdaq 100 futures market), most of the stock index options markets (e.g. the S&P 500 options market), and some of the individual stock options markets, and are known as triple witching Friday because of the three types of markets that are expiring.
Additional Expiration Dates
There are also several expiration dates that are equally as important, but they are not known as the standard expiration dates (or as triple witching Friday). The additional expiration dates can be any day of any month, such as the Monday before the standard expiration dates, which is the expiration date for most of the currency futures markets (e.g. the Euro to US Dollar futures market).
Finding The Expiration Dates
The expiration dates for each futures market are provided by the contract specifications for each futures market, which are provided by the exchange that provides the market, and are usually available via the exchange's web site (e.g. _URL_ etc.).
 1. About.com
 2. Money
 3. Day Trading
 4. Futures
 5. Futures Market Expiration Dates
©2014 About.com. All rights reserved.


text:
Job hirers show bias against regional accents, study suggests
If you make one-syllable words into two syllables, drop the "g" from words ending in "-ing," or stretch out the sound of the "a" in "car" and "park," will you encounter extra barriers while job searching?
Two UNT researchers say it's a strong possibility.
Patricia Cukor-Avila, assistant professor of English, and Dianne Markley, director of Cooperative Education and a graduate student in English, conducted the first known study on job hirers' judgments of American regional accents. The research was funded by grants from the Trice Foundation of Dallas and IBM.
As the director of Cooperative Education, Markley helps place students in internships and other positions while they are still working on their degrees. She says she decided to research regional accents for her master's thesis after learning about language attitude studies in Cukor-Avila's class.
"A study at Texas A&M University discovered that Texans and Southerners were more linguistically secure than those in other regions of the United States that is, we prefer our own accents," Markley says.
Around the same time, the Cooperative Education office received a phone call from an employer in New York who requested a student with a distinct Texas accent for an internship.
"The student would be calling Texas clients, and he said that Texans relate to and buy more from other Texans. His reason seemed legitimate, but something about screening candidates for a job based on their accents didn't seem right," Markley says. "I wondered if there was a way to measure if a regional accent would have an effect in the hiring process."
She points out that people's intelligence and other qualities are usually judged based on how they sound.
"I knew one woman a college relations director for a large, well-known Dallas-based corporation who had a Texas accent," Markley says. "She made a formal presentation at a professional meeting using a formal speaking style. Afterward, a man who had worked with her for years told her he never knew she was so smart. He had assumed she wasn't smart because of her accent."
With help from the UNT Center for Distributed Learning, Cukor-Avila and Markley created a CD-ROM program for human resource directors and others who hire new employees. The researchers recorded 10 males reading the same 45-second passage. Each speaker was from a different part of the United States Texas, Georgia, Louisiana, Alabama, North Carolina, Minnesota, California, Boston, Chicago and New Jersey. Each had an accent common to that region.
No speaker's age could be detected through his voice, Markley says, and she used only white male speakers, which limited the number of variables in the study. She adds that other factors, including gender, ethnicity and age, will be added in future studies if funding permits.
Fifty-six job hirers listened to the readers and made judgments about them based solely on how they sounded. The study participants were asked for their overall positive or negative impressions of each speaker, as well as whether the speaker seemed educated or uneducated, intelligent or not intelligent, energetic or lazy, uptight or laid back, outgoing or withdrawn, and assertive or docile.
They were also asked to classify each speaker as rough or refined, charming or irritating, and friendly or unfriendly, and to determine whether the speaker's background was urban or rural, cultured or earthy, and advantaged or disadvantaged. Using a U.S. map, the participants tried to guess each speaker's region. The participants then concluded whether each speaker would be competent or incompetent on the job and would fit into their companies' cultures.
Finally, the participants were presented with four job categories positions requiring a high level of public or customer contact; positions requiring a high level of technical expertise but little public or customer contact; positions involving extensive internal communications; and positions requiring little technical expertise and little or no customer contact. The participants determined which, if any, of the jobs the speakers would be suited for.
The speaker with a California accent was rated the most positively, followed by the speaker from Minnesota, the speaker from Boston and the speaker from Texas. The speakers from Louisiana, Georgia and New Jersey were rated the most negatively.
Cukor-Avila said less than 30 percent of the participants correctly identified the regions that the speakers came from. The accent of the speaker from New Jersey was the most recognized, whereas those of the speakers from California and Minnesota were the least recognized, she says.
Because few respondents placed an accent in the correct region, Cukor-Avila wonders if the hirers were reacting negatively to the actual accents or to the accents that they thought they heard.
"Generally, the less identifiable the accent was, the more highly the speaker was rated," she says. "This ties into the fact that in the United States, we tend to go for nondescript accents based on those of national broadcasters and actors. Advertising hasn't allowed regional sounds, because if a person selling a product sounds like he or she is from one part of the country, a person from another part of the country may not identify with him or her and may not buy the product."
The Texas speaker, she says, may have been highly rated because most of the job hirers participating in the study were from or had lived in Texas and only two of the 56 participants disliked their own accents enough to want to change them.
"Liking a Texas accent is usually tied into liking Texas in general. To be marked as a Texan through your speech is a positive thing for many people," Cukor-Avila says.
The North Carolina speaker may have been highly rated because respondents rated him as sounding cultured, she says.
In selecting job positions for the speakers, the study participants generally selected positions requiring a high level of public and customer contact for the speakers they rated the highest. They selected less visible positions for the lower-rated speakers, Markley says. In selecting speakers for positions requiring high-tech skills, the job hirers were less concerned about how friendly a person sounded than how educated he sounded, she says.
Markley says many of the study participants initially said they could not judge a person's intelligence, friendliness, economic background and other qualities based on 45 seconds of listening to the person.
"However, accent judgments hide behind judgments on education and other qualifications. An accent is a part of who you are. And unlike race or sex, it's not illegal to discriminate based on accent," she says.
She hopes that the survey in this study will eventually be made available to employers so that they can find out if job hirers discriminate against certain sounds.
"For instance, if someone had a very negative response to Georgia accents, a company would want to monitor that person's recruiting at places such as Georgia Tech," she says.
Other featured articles in this issue


TODAY in Masonic History:
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Clarence Don Clark is Born
Today in Masonic History Clarence Don Clark is born in 1851.
Clarence Don Clark was an American politician.
Clark was born on April 16th, 1851 in Sandy Creek, New York. He attended the University of Iowa where he studied law. After graduation he passed the bar in 1874. He began practicing law and teaching in Manchester, Iowa.
In 1881, Clark moved his family to Evanston, Wyoming where he continued to practice law. In 1882 he became the county attorney for Uinta County. He held the position until 1884.
In 1889, Clark was a delegate to the Wyoming Constitutional Convention. In 1890 he was elected as a Republican to the United States House of Representatives. He served there until 1893, having lost his reelection bid in 1892.
In a special election, Clark was elected in 1895 to fill a vacancy for a United States Senate seat. He served until 1917, three terms not counting the original partial term, until he lost his reelection in 1916. After losing his reelection he began practicing law in Washington, D.C.
In 1919, Clark was appointed to the International Joint Commission. The joint commission was setup between the United States and Canada, its purpose is to help prevent and resolve disputes about the use and quality of boundary waters and to advise Canada and the United States on questions about water resources. He was the chairman of the commission from 1923 to 1929 when he retired.
After retiring he returned to Evanston, Wyoming where he passed away on November 18th, 1930.
Clark was a member of Evanston Lodge No. 4 in Evanston, Wyoming. He was also a member of Evanston Chapter No. 2, Royal Arch Masons and Albert Pike Commandery, Knights Templar both of which are in Evanston. Clark was also a member of the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite and received his 33 on October 22nd, 1897.


text:
The EU Joint Programme – Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND) will shortly launch a new multinational call for proposals for "Novel imaging and brain stimulation methods and technologies related to Neurodegenerative Diseases".
Recent years have seen major increases in the range and power of these technologies across the basic, clinical and patient-centred domains of JPND. This joint transnational call will further promote research aiming at the development of novel and the advanced use of existing cutting-edge brain imaging and brain stimulation technologies related to neurodegenerative diseases. Approaches must be translational and patient-centered.
The upcoming call will focus on the following research areas:
Imaging technologies, such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Position Emission Tomography or super-resolution microscopy and molecular imaging techniques have brought about a dramatic improvement in the understanding of the onset, development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. It is the aim to accelerate this progress and to fund research projects that focus on the development of novel imaging technologies or on improvements to the application of existing cutting-edge imaging technologies.
Brain stimulation techniques, such as Deep Brain Stimulation, have proven to directly affect the quality of life of patients. Other techniques, such as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, transcranial Direct Current Stimulation or Focused Ultrasound could have potential to offer new non-invasive treatments. It is the aim to fund research that will lead to new or improved applications of both invasive and non-invasive brain stimulation techniques for the diagnosis and the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
The following funding organisations intend to support this joint transnational call:
- Australia, National Health and Medical Research Council*
- Austria, Austrian Research Promotion Agency on behalf of BMBWF
- Belgium, The Research Foundation – Flanders
- Belgium, The Fund for Scientific Research
- Canada, Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Czech Republic, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports*
- Denmark, Innovation Fund Denmark*
- France, French National Research Agency*
- Germany, Federal Ministry of Education and Research
- Hungary, National Research, Development and Innovation Office*
- Ireland, Health Research Board
- Italy, Ministry of Health*
- Latvia, State Education Development Agency*
- Luxembourg, National Research Fund
- Netherlands, The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development*
- Norway, The Research Council of Norway*
- Poland, National Science Centre*
- Spain, National Institute of Health Carlos III
- Sweden, Swedish Financial Council
- Switzerland, Swiss National Science Foundation
- Turkey, Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey*
* Decision pending
This will be a two-step call, expected to be launched in early January 2020, with a likely pre-proposal submission deadline in March 2020. Further details will be provided with the launch of the call.
All information regarding future JPND call topics is subject to change
Final call information will be published on the JPND website (_URL_).