text:
In general, two types of receipts occur during the course of business. Capital Receipts are described as the money brought to the business from non-operating sources like proceeds from the sale of long-term assets, capital brought by the proprietor, sum received as a loan or from debenture holders etc. In contrast revenue receipts are the result of firm's routine activities during the financial year, which includes sales, commission, interest on investment.
Capital receipts differ from revenue receipts, in the sense that the former has no bearing on profit or loss for the financial year, whereas the latter is set off against the revenue expenses for the period. Read the article provided to you, so as to understand the difference between capital receipt and revenue receipt.
Content: Capital Receipt Vs Revenue Receipt
|Basis for Comparison||Capital Receipt||Revenue Receipt|
|Meaning||Capital Receipts are the income generated from investment and financing activities of the business.||Revenue Receipts are the income generated from the operating activities of the business.|
|Term||Long Term||Short Term|
|Shown in||Balance Sheet||Income Statement|
|Received in exchange of||Source of income||Income|
|Value of asset or liability||Decreases the value of asset or increases the value of liability.||Increases or decreases the value of asset or liability.|
Definition of Capital Receipt
Capital receipts are the income received by the company which is non-recurring in nature. They are part of the financing and investing activities rather than operating activities. The capital receipts either reduces an asset or increases a liability. The receipts can be generated from the following sources:
- Issue of Shares
- The issue of debt instruments such as debentures.
- Loan taken from a bank or financial institution.
- Government grants.
- Insurance Claim.
- Additional capital introduced by the proprietor.
Definition of Revenue Receipt
Revenue Receipts are the receipts which arise through the core business activities. These receipts are a part of normal business operations that is why they occur again and again however its benefit can be enjoyed only in the current accounting year as its effect is short term. The income received from the day to day activities of business includes all the operations that bring cash into the business like:
- Revenue generated from the sale of inventory
- Services Rendered
- Discount Received from the creditors or suppliers
- Sale of waste material/scrap.
- Interest Received
- Receipt in the form of dividend
- Rent Received
Key Differences Between Capital Receipt and Revenue Receipt
The following points explain the difference between capital receipt and revenue receipt in detail:
- Receipts generated from investing and financing activities are capital receipts, on the other hand, receipts from operating activities are revenue receipt.
- Capital Receipts do not frequently occur, as it is non-recurring and irregular. But, revenue receipts do not occur again and again they are recurring and regular.
- The benefit of capital receipt can be enjoyed in more than one year, but the benefit of revenue receipt can be enjoyed only in the current year.
- Capital Receipts appears on the liabilities side of the Balance Sheet whereas Revenue Receipts appears on the credit side of the Profit and Loss Account as income for the financial year.
- The capital receipt is received in exchange for the source of income. Unlike revenue received which is a substitution of income.
- Capital receipt either decreases the value of an asset or increases the value of liability, but revenue receipt neither increases nor decreases the value of asset or liability.
- Both receipts are a part of business activities.
- Both are necessary for the survival and growth of the company.
- The source of business income.
In general, Capital Receipts and Revenue Receipts play a vital role in the growth of business, as the business may not be able to survive, in the absence of the two.


bbs describes the problem in great detail, in an article by Andrew Koenig and Barbara E. Moo. The observations are summarized in the following two rules, collectively referred to as "the rule of three":
 - If a class has a nonempty destructor, it almost always needs a copy constructor and an assignment operator.
 - If a class has a nontrivial copy constructor or assignment operator, it usually needs both of these members and a destructor as well.
Simply put, the rule states that; if we define one of the three members, we should usually define all three of them. To do so, there are essentially four different approaches. Each will be described in more detail below.
 - No copying
 - Deep copy
 - Reference counting
 - Copy-on-write


text:
-how.
This proposal takes its inspiration from the success of the Millennium Challenge Corporation launched in 2005 by the Bush administration to reduce poverty overseas, and is informed by Congressional proposals such as the Native Millennium Challenge Demonstration Act and the Rebuild Rural America Act. There may be ways to expand the authorities of an existing institution or programs rather than start from scratch, but it is vital to have a modern, state-of-the-art enterprise that aligns with each of the development principles articulated above. The ACC would be fundamentally different than any existing US domestic agency or program by:
- Providing large, five-year grants through "compacts" proposed and led by local leaders and organizations, with the goal of growing locally-led economies, reducing poverty and strengthening institutions, while respecting self-determination and local control.
- Selecting investments through an objective, competitive process informed by independent indicators. To help communities strengthen their readiness and improve their probability of selection, the ACC would have a robust "readiness" program that offers smaller grants, capacity-building assistance, and targeted support.
- Providing flexibility so that compacts are customized and designed to most cost-effectively achieve impact, to meet the unique needs and opportunities of communities, and to be adjusted as necessary during the life of the grant.
- Using a data-driven approach that invests in evaluation and rigorous analyses to identify community assets and assess high-value interventions, and that transparently measures the economic, environmental, and health outcomes of its programs.
Given that rural regions, including tribal nations, were the slowest to recover from the 2008 recession and have the highest prevalence of persistent poverty, we recommend that funding from the ACC be limited to rural communities and tribal nations in its first five years. It could then expand to a broader set of communities.
3. Elevate and expand domestic development finance.
Five-year grants like those described above will create initial momentum, but sustaining locally-led economic activity sufficient to improve community outcomes also requires adequate and relevant long-term financing options. Finding right-sized, affordable, patient capital is challenging in rural and tribal regions where market-rate financing often remains unaffordable, unavailable, or both.
Rural America had 33 percent fewer entrepreneurs operating businesses in 2018 than 1988, and the loss of community banks—40 percent of rural counties lost bank branches between 2012-2017—means those local entrepreneurs have difficulty finding financing to suit their particular needs. Communities are also challenged by significant infrastructure needs, especially broadband connectivity. Persistent poverty regions are chronically underserved, and a growing set of communities are newly vulnerable due to rapid economic shift in now-declining industries such as coal, timber, or manufacturing.
Some rural and tribal areas benefit from mission-driven institutions (e.g., Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs), Farm Credit System institutions, and Community Development Corporations) that federal policy enables. There are also a wide range of existing financing tools and loan funds dispersed throughout federal agencies. These are limited, however, by narrow authorities and mandates (e.g., housing, agriculture) and, as a whole, are significantly undercapitalized.
The result: fragmented financing sources with limited ability to take risks, innovate, and respond to community vision in a broad-based and ever-evolving way. It is time for the US to leverage its experience and history in innovative finance and elevate and expand the public development financing available to underserved areas in the US.
One model would be to create a new development finance institution (DFI) that builds upon existing tools and programs. This follows the template of the new US International Development Finance Corporation, created by the 2018 BUILD Act, which has considerably strengthened the US government's muscle overseas by combining complementary programs and financing mechanisms that existed in different agencies; taking on new, flexible authorities, such as the ability to make equity investments; and adding capital.
There is precedent for this: The US has had national development banks in the past, including the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) during the Great Depression. In fact, the RFC was the model for one of the world's most successful current DFIs, Germany's KfW, which the US helped create out of the Marshall Plan. KfW benefits from shared governance, with 80 percent of its ownership held by the national government and 20 percent by German states.
A national DFI would have greater flexibility and power to direct resources toward national-level strategic interests—for example, making it a priority for sufficient financing to reach rural and tribal areas—and to drive innovation that addresses unique financing needs than is possible within our current fragmented structure. Other models may achieve the same goal. This much is clear: To meet the urgency and scope of demand in underserved communities, the US must be as ambitious and creative at financing development here at home as it is abroad.
4. Elevate capacity building and evaluation.
Strengthening local institutions is fundamental to increasing local self-reliance and to shifting federal and state support away from supporting "projects" and toward supporting proven development strategies. Evaluation and the collection of more relevant data on activities and results are needed to create a feedback loop and understand what is achieved. To improve existing programs and maximize the development return, for every $90 dollars in federal funds invested in rural and community economic development, another $5 should be provided for local capacity building, with $5 more dedicated to program evaluation.
The term "capacity building" describes a wide-ranging set of activities that build the skills, governance processes, and finances of an organization or agency so it is stronger, more effective, and more sustainable. Evaluation entails intentionally collecting and analyzing quantitative and qualitative data on if and how a program is successful—and why.
Capacity building, evaluation, and adaptive learning are fundamental to modern international development successes that emphasize local ownership and facilitate continual improvement. By contrast, current federal investments in domestic community and economic development rarely allow funds to be used for either capacity building or evaluation. As a result, local leaders rarely have the necessary time or people to further develop or pursue locally-led innovations or solutions, and rural and tribal data lacks rigor that would be helpful to advance development.
The bottom line, we recommend this simple reform to existing programs: 5 percent mandated for capacity building, and 5 percent for evaluation. It will yield more autonomous communities and stronger local institutions, and increase transparency. It will also enhance our ability to continually improve programs, so we make better use of taxpayer dollars and more effectively improve economic, social, and health outcomes in rural and tribal communities.
COVID-19 is reminding us how integral rural and tribal communities are to strengthening America's competitiveness and resilience. The health of farmworkers in the Central Valley of California affects what shows up on shelves in Chicago; a rural North Carolina textile company retooling to make PPE means a safer workplace for front-line health workers in New York City.
Whether renewing small businesses, growing local ownership, strengthening regional supply chains for essential goods and services, or shifting to environmentally friendly energy, successfully reaching rural and tribal communities will require a coherent strategy, a commitment to investing in local people and institutions, and innovative tools of development finance. With nothing less than American competitiveness and the future of communities at stake, an agenda to modernize federal investments in rural and tribal communities and maximize the impact of every development dollar here at home deserves bipartisan support and attention.
Katharine Ferguson was formerly the Associate Director of the Aspen Institute Community Strategies Group and Director of CSG's Rural and Regional Initiatives. She is currently the Chief of Staff for the US Department of Agriculture.
Tony Pipa is a senior fellow in the Global Economy and Development Program at the Brookings Institution, where he studies place-based policies to improve social progress in the United States and globally; he has over 25 years of executive experience in the philanthropic and public sectors addressing poverty and advancing inclusive economic development both in the US and abroad.
Support for this article was provided in part by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the Foundation.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Creative JumpStart is a one-of-a-kind community event to jumpstart your creativity in 2020. The Theme this year is "Super Power".
We asked our crew of Mixed Media Artists and Crafters: what is your artistic Super Power? Is it a tool or technique that helps you achieve your unique style? Is it a way of thinking, organizing, or planning that leads up to a finished piece? Is it something else entirely? What Super Power do you use to create? Our artist teachers have created mixed media lessons that share this insight with YOU – so you can try these Super Powers yourself in your own artmaking.
There is no doubt about it: art can be beautiful, personal, and really fun to make. It can capture a once-in-a-lifetime moment, feeling, or idea. And artists can influence everything from the walls of a home to world events. If you think about it, creativity really is a Super Power! Whether you are creating simply for the joy it brings you or creating to share your ideas with others, that is a pretty awesome pursuit.
Join us for this 9th year of CJS and learn how different Mixed Media Artists and Crafters translate our theme into their own work, sharing with you their creative process, techniques, tips, tricks, and ideas on how to develop your own style.
You get 31 DOWNLOADABLE videos for $60 (USD). It's a great value – at only $1.93 per video it's a collection of tutorials that you can keep forever, over 5 hours of unique content!
*Please read download info below*
How does it work? Each day throughout the month of January, a new video posted in the online classroom – all video lessons are now available. Participate in the classroom comments, ask questions and post comments, show and share your interpretation of the projects in the Show and Tell to get the most from the CJS community. You will have access to project supply lists and additional special features to inspire you. The classroom will be open until the middle of November 2020 and the videos can be downloaded in the classroom and then kept forever!
Join the 31 artists we call "JumpStarters" as they reveal their creative secrets. They'll be bringing their unique style and favorite media and techniques to the classroom to share with you.
For only $60 you'll get:
- A series of 31 technique- and project-based videos from 31 artists from around the world.
- Each video is about 10 minutes long for a total total of over 5 hours of video content
- Downloadable videos – download before November 2020 to enjoy them forever. You can get all the download links HERE.
- Information about new creative and innovative products and techniques you might not have used before.
- Inspiration to jumpstart your own artwork
- Methods to translate artwork by others into your own style.
If you're looking for new ideas and inspiration, Creative JumpStart is for you!
Who is this workshop for?
This workshop is for the Mixed Media Hobby Artist who wants to jumpstart their creativity in a wide field of projects, techniques and mediums. It is suited for beginners to intermediate artists – with a couple projects for the advanced audience. From lots of Art Journaling and mixed media based ideas, from project-based videos to inspirational videos, to technique-based videos – there is something for everyone!
And to keep things even more exciting, we have a series of giveaways from our official CJS20 sponsors. These art and craft product companies are offering chances to win products and gift cards but you must enter by February 8, 2020.
What supplies will I need?
A short basic supply list will be provided in the Welcome Section after you signed in. No need to go on a shopping spree and buy a ton of stuff you might not use that often. Watch the videos first to decide if you can substitute some of the materials with something you already own. If not, then choose which items to buy.
If you have some of the following in hand, it would be helpful:
Sheets of watercolor paper, an Art Journal if you like to work within a book format, 6-8 colors of acrylic paints plus black and white, a basic set of watercolor paints, gel medium, gesso, a selection of brushes, a rubber brayer, various pens and pencils.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS
By signing up for CJS, you agree not to give your private log-in and any password information to anyone else. The enrollment fee is for one person only. After the payment confirmation is sent to you, cancellation is no longer possible. Tuition is not refundable.
All videos are under the copyright of the artists and are for private use only and cannot be shared. You may not teach/re-teach the information in the videos or use it for any online or print publications.
Streaming: If you plan on using Streaming only, please sign up only if you are able to watch vimeo hosted videos. All videos are posted in this format. See vimeo.com to test your computer. Some older computers and software may have problems playing the videos. We are not responsible for troubleshooting playback difficulties of the videos. Note that CJS is not optimized for viewing on mobile devices. Some devices may not be able to play videos or display all content. We recommend joining CJS from a laptop or desktop computer. Please ensure your computer or device is compatible BEFORE joining.
Downloads: You will be able to download the videos so that you can watch them offline and keep them forever. Download terms and conditions will be posted when you download the first video and in order to do so, you will have to agree to those terms and conditions.
*Please read the following information regarding downloads: You can download our vimeo videos any time to a desktop computer or laptop. Downloading to certain mobile devices including Apple devices can be problematic in some cases depending on the age and model of the device (an unfortunate limitation to these devices). Please verify the capabilities of your device before purchasing this workshop/workshop collection. Unfortunately we cannot provide technical support for all the different models of devices out there. We recommend researching various support pages to learn about your device and its capabilities, for example the Apple Support page here _URL_.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Power to the Power Users: Advancing Your Use of Smart Lists
Barista pouring coffee into tea. Represents combining filters in Marketo smart lists.
Welcome back to another session of Power to the Power Users! In this series, we explore some common questions that pop up when taking the next step beyond becoming a Marketo Certified Expert and becoming a seasoned architect.
Last time around, we started talking about filter-level steps you can take to make your Smart Lists faster and more efficient. The natural follow-up question to that, though, is: how do I use that knowledge with multiple filters?
Filter combinations are one of the harder skills to master when it comes to using Marketo, because it's often not something we have to think about—after all, as long as you have all your criteria set out, you should be fine, right? Unfortunately, slow Smart Lists come back to haunt you when doing complex work. At the same time, this topic can be difficult to talk about, so I've grabbed a couple of examples from real-world users; we'll take a look at these and see how we can apply what we've learned to make speedy queries.
Combining Filters
Once you've determined how to most effectively select your individual filters, you'll need to combine them together—after all, how often do you have just one filter in a Smart List? However, we'll want to take some of the same concepts from SQL best practices and use them here as well to maximize performance.
When you use multiple filters together, they're evaluated in order to constrain down to the list you're looking for. For example, if I have three AND filters for:
 1. Mailable Segment is Mailable
 2. Region Segment is LATAM
 3. Annual Revenue is greater than 100,000,000
This will, in turn, cause the query to:
 - Select every record that has the Mailable segment as Mailable
 - From that first selection, select the subset that has their Region Segment as LATAM
 - From that subset, select the second subset that has Annual Revenue over 100,000,000
This makes the order that you place your filters in important, even if you're selecting ANY or ALL in your logic—because this will define how big or small your subsequent subsets are, and thus how long they'll take to evaluate. That generally means you'll want to:
 - Place your fastest filters at the top of your filter lists, since they'll narrow down records faster than your slower filters.
 - Choose fast filters that will narrow down more records first. For example, if you want to target people whose first name is Marina and live in Latin America, it makes more sense to go "First Name is Marina, Region Segment is LATAM", because statistically, there are probably fewer records with the first name Marina than are in your LATAM segment. Let's say you had 100 LATAM records, 8 Marina records and 4 Marinas in LATAM. Going from 8 Marinas to 4 Marinas in LATAM takes less time to process than going from 100 Latin Americans to 4 Marinas in LATAM.
 - Avoid using nested Smart Lists whenever possible. A nested smart list is a filter using "Member of Smart List is [your list here]", and is a non-SARGable filter on steroids: first, Marketo must process everything in that Smart List to proceed to the next filter in your Smart List. Instead, either try to recreate the Smart List's criteria inside your Smart List or look at using segmentation or a special field if it's a recurring audience.
 - Try to avoid using a lot of filters or complex groupings of filters when possible. While there is no hard and fast rule of "over X amount of filters will cause issues," it's worth examining why complex filters are being used—and if such combinations would be better served with static lists, segmentations, special fields, or other ways of consolidating who you're looking for.
 - Custom objects are handled a bit differently in Marketo's architecture than other core Marketo items—person data, company data, activity data, and such—and as a result, have different performance levels than standard items being queried. The closest analog these filters have to traditional queries are inner joins in SQL, and so some of the same cautions apply. These should be treated as the slowest filters and placed as the last part of your filter criteria.
With all these rules in mind, how do you translate them into a faster Smart List? Let's take a practical look at this example:
Marketo smart list filter example
Now, if we apply our rules here, we notice a few things immediately:
 - There are "Member of Smart List" filters inside this filter, which causes slowdown
 - There are Smart Lists that are mutually exclusive and could be broken down to an ongoing segmentation--Mailable and Bounced
 - There are "Member Not in List", which is not a SARGable filter
 - The filter order is inefficient
How would we fix this?
 1. Make a Mailable Segmentation (which removes Filters 2 and 4, as well as optimizes them from being Smart Lists).
 2. We can convert the criteria for "Newsletter Subscribe", which checks for people filling out newsletter subscription forms, into a Marketo-only field.
 3. Suppliers and HR Candidates likely can also be grouped into a Segmentation or share a field called "Record Type" to streamline the search
 4. We can reorganize this list to constrain records more effectively
The resulting Smart List would look something like:
 1. Mailable Segmentation is Mailable
 2. Newsletter Subscription is false
 3. Record Type is not Suppliers, HR Candidates
 4. Member of Program is False for "Make the Case for Content" with certain progression statuses
 5. Member of Program is False for "Active Play in Engagio" with "Added to Play" status
This setup is faster with the side effect of being easier for the marketer to read/understand as well as being simpler to create and iterate as needed. However, this is a straightforward example. What happens when we apply these same rules to a more complex query? Let's take a look at another example:
Complex Marketo smart list example
There's a lot to unpack in this list, but the following actions can be taken:
 1. Commit to good data hygiene and standardize Billing Country/Country values to consistently be some form of "United States" or "US" based on naming conventions.
 2. Group Job Category and Job Title together in a segmentation or in one field, as in this company's case the two are never conflicting values—they're just stored in different places and not every record has one or the other filled out. Again, this may also be solved with data hygiene.
 3. The filters for Corporate Activity Products and Company Name have multiple values, but can actually be distilled to use "Does not Start with" for 2-4 values each rather than the lists of "Is Not".
 4. The filter order is unoptimized, especially with a custom object "Has Sponsored Asset" and a Mailable segmentation out of order.
As this Smart List is today, it takes 49.86 seconds to process.
When we adjust this list to the following:
Advanced Filters: 1 and (2 or 3) and (4 or 5) and 6 and 7 and 8 and 9
 1. Mailable Segment is 'Mailable'
 2. Country is 'United States'
 3. Billing Country is 'United States'
 4. Job Title or Category Segment is 'IR'
 5. Corporate Activity Products is in (12)
 6. Vertical is 'Corporate'
 7. Account Type is not 'Consultant'
 8. Company Name is not (29)
 9. Has Sponsored Asset is false
This takes the Smart List performance down to 15.68 seconds—less than a third of the time of the original lists. If you do further optimization by changing the Corporate Activity Products is in (12) to start with "Share" and Company Name to not starts with (4), this takes the search down to 7.57 seconds.
That's over 85% faster than the original Smart List. Ultimately, the list retrieves the exact same records, but it does so in a much more database-friendly way. You can see how this sort of tweaking and optimization can really add up over time—as these rules can apply to anything needing a Smart List, and thus all sorts of programs you build throughout Marketo.
I'd encourage you to take these practices to heart when building your own Smart Lists in the future. Start small—apply one or two concepts—then iterate from there to optimize your work.
Have any best practice questions you'd like us to tackle? We're here to deep-dive on subjects that give you definitive answers to the questions you've got on day-to-day work. Just shoot us an email at _EMAIL_ or contact us here and keep an eye out—you may just find the answers here!
About the Author
Courtney Grimes
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not reliable
Copper copper heavy none none no Cu 29 very easy to ID
Iron black heavy none fizz yes Fe 26 delayed reaction with HCl and smells bad, almost like rotten eggs
Tin gray light none little fizz, immediate no Sn 50 yellow tint
Zinc gray heavy none fizz, immediate no Zn 30 shiny
Magnesium gray light little fizz after a while fizzes and loses color; dissolves after a while no Mg 12 dull
Almost every metal has a "give-away", making them fairly easy to identify-
 - Iron is the only magnetic metal
 - Copper is the only metal with a color other than grey (or similar).
 - Magnesium will often steam with HCl, and will also let off a strong odor when HCl is added.
 - Zinc will react vigorously (but will not steam) with HCl, and is non-magnetic.
 - Tin and aluminum are very similar (neither react very much with HCl), but there are a few things that can be done to tell them apart. First, tin often has a yellowish tint, which aluminum will never have. Next, tin is often fairly shiny, while aluminum is dull. Lastly, if the metal is very malleable, it is probably aluminum (think aluminum foil).
In Crime Busters, there are 3 nonmetals which can never be mixed in the event: yeast, vitamin C, and sodium acetate. Everything left is neutral or basic and non-biological.
The key to finding the components to a mixture is to react each off individually. If there appears to be a powder and a crystalline component, add HCl or iodine to a sample. If the iodine turns blue, finding the first component will be straightforward because you will only need to find the pH of the mixture with water. A more neutral pH will mean that the noncrystalline component is flour; a more basic pH will mean cornstarch. If the iodine fizzes (and the HCl), then the component is Alka-Seltzer. A fizz with only the HCl means the component is either CaCO3 or NaHCO3. Once again, a pH test will show the difference: a neutral pH means calcium carbonate, and a basic pH means baking soda. No reaction means gypsum. To find the crystal, test for solubility. Sand will not dissolve, whereas salt and sugar will. The difference between the latter two is that salt has cubic crystals, and sugar has irregular crystals.
Two crystals are fairly easy to separate because the HCl and iodine can be skipped, and only solubility needs to be tested. Once again, a component that does not dissolve is sand, and a component that does is either salt or sugar, which can be differentiated by crystal shape. If both dissolve, the mixture is salt and sugar (probably the single most common mixture in this event).
For two powders, test with iodine first, then HCl if not all of the mixture fizzed or turned blue, and finally pH if needed. Go off of the information above to find each, and use logic if two things react at once.
This is very easy to do but must be done with care. Place a dot of ink (solute) at one end of a strip of filter paper. Then, get a small cup of solvent (often dH2O) and put the paper on the cup just so that the ink dot is above the waterline. Wait for the colors to separate, and that's it! Once the colors have stabilized, remove the paper from the solvent, and quickly put a line in pencil where the top edge of the water is on the paper. This allows you to find the Rf (retention factor or retardation factor) value of any ink spot if it is included in a question.
For practicing paper chromatography at home, use a coffee filter paper or paper towel if you do not have chromatography paper. Alcohol-soluble markers and pens will not work if using water, and if they do, the results won't be very visible. Using water-soluble markers/pens like Expo Vis-a-Vis will get you the best results.
In paper chromatography, the paper is the stationary phase and the solvent is the mobile phase. The higher the Rf value, the higher the affinity the solute has for the mobile phase, and the lower the Rf value, the higher the affinity the solute has for the stationary phase.
Some of the basic fingerprint patterns
Practice identifying and comparing fingerprints. There are 3 basic categories of fingerprints(arches, loops, and whorls). They are easily identified by there general shape and number of deltas (triangles made from ridges). Make sure you know if your event supervisor is looking for the basic type (loop, arch, whorl), or the more in-depth name (Tented Arch, Ulnar Loop, etc.).
 - Arches= a hill shape with no deltas
 - Tented arch= an arch with a sharp corner at the top point
 - Plain arch= an arch with a more rounded top point
 - Loops= a beanish shape with one delta
 - Ulnar Loop= A loop pointing towards the pinky
 - Radial Loop= A loop pointing towards the thumb
 - Whorls= a circle-like shape with two or more deltas
 - There are many sub-categories of whorls, such as (but not limited to)-
 - Plain whorls
 - Central Pocket
 - Double loops
 - Accidental whorls
The polymers required for this event are PETE (1), HDPE (2), PVC (3), LDPE (4), PP (5), PS (6), and PMMA (7). HDPE, LDPE, and PP float in water while PETE, PVC, PS, and PMMA do not. This means that the first group has a density of less than one and the second group more than one.
Identifying the polymers in the first group is easy. HDPE and LDPE are translucent while PP is not. HDPE is relatively more translucent then LDPE. Identifying in the second group is also fairly simple. PS will SLOWLY drop down in water or half of the flecks will sink while the other will float. PVC is sometimes rubbery, but never transparent, while PETE and PMMA are always clear.
Fiber Analysis
Natural fibers come from plants (cotton) or animals (wool). Manufactured fibers are synthetics like rayon, acetate, and polyester, which are made from long chains of molecules called polymers. To determine the shape and color of fibers from any of these fabrics, a microscopic examination is made.
Generally, the analysts get only a limited number of fibers to work with--sometimes only one. Whatever has been gathered from the crime scene is then compared against fibers from a suspect source, such as a car or home, and the fibers are laid side by side for visual inspection through a microscope.
The first step in fiber analysis is to compare color and diameter. If there is an agreement, then the analysis can go into another phase. Dyes can also be further analyzed with chromatography, which uses solvents to separate the dye's chemical constituents. Under a microscope, the analysts look for lengthwise striations or pits on a fiber's surface or unusual shapes.
In short, the fiber analysts compare the shape, dye content, size, chemical composition, and microscopic appearances, yet all of this is still about "class evidence". Even if fibers from two separate places can be matched via comparison, that does not mean they derive from the same source, and there is no fiber database that provides a probability of origin.
Plant fibers are made from cellulose and/or other carbohydrates, animal fibers are made from keratin and/or other proteins, and synthetic fibers are made from hydrocarbons, such as petroleum, a mixture of hydrocarbons.
Here is a useful table that can help to identify common fibers used in competitions.
Animal Fibers
Fiber Smell Flame Withdrawn
Wool Burning Hair Small flickering flame, brittle ash, no smoldering Self-extinguishing
Silk Burning Feathers Calm, no smoldering, black beads, crushable Self-extinguishing
Vegetable Fibers
Fiber Smell Flame Withdrawn
Cotton Burning Paper Flame amber or yellow, slow burning, fluffy, greyish ash Continues to burn
Synthetic Fibers
Fiber Smell Flame Withdrawn
Nylon celery Orange, hard bead produced Self-extinguishing
Acrylic pungent Burn quickly, hard black bead that can be partially crushed Continues to melt
Polyester sweet/chemical Burns quickly, hard cream or black colored bead that cannot be rushed Continues to burn
Rayon Burning Wood Rapid burning flame, slow burning embers, no ash Continues to burn
Competitors are asked to know the difference between human, cat, and dog hair for competition. Microscopes are most commonly used for this, so studying images of different hairs is good practice for this portion of the event. Below are some examples of the required hair - overall, it is relatively easy to tell them apart. Cat hair has a scaly outside (cuticle) similar to human hair, though the core (medulla) is more broken or even invisible in human hair. Conversely, dog hair has a very thick medulla.
Microscopic Images of Hairs
Type of Hair Cat Dog Human
Image (s) Cat hair 1.jpgCathair2.jpg Dog hair 1.jpg Human hair 1.jpg
Along


Isla Mujeres' Pirate Mundaca
The Pirate Mundaca is a well-known figure to those who frequent Cancun's 'Jolly Roger Pirate Ship' tours as he is a fictional character who strides through the Galleon during each show. But did you know that there was a real Pirate Mundaca?
Historian Fidel Villanueva Madrid has written an article for the magazine "Pioneers" which suggests that he was more than just this. Fermín Antonio Mundaca was in fact a real life, first class pirate who practically ruled Isla Mujeres in his day. Check out what we now know about Mundaca;
Early Years of Pirate Mundaca
Fermín Antonio Mundaca was born on October 11, 1825 in Villa de Bermeo in Spain. Madrid thinks that the first few decades of Mundaca's life were spent learning about navigation and architecture.
Pirate Mundaca the Slave Trader
Nobody knows much about the first years of Mundacas life, but we do know that when he burst into history he did so on Isla Mujeres, most likely on the run from authorities following some crime or other. Some think this may be to do with his illicit slaving activities. Whatever the case, Mundaca chose to make Isla Mujeres his home. There are some whisperings about the relationship he had with the Yucatan government. Some think he may have acted as a slaver selling Mayans to Cuba.
Isla Mujeres
A mere 2 years after his surfacing in Isla Mujeres the pirate Mundaca had firmly established himself. It is said that he fell in love with a beautiful woman who lived on Isla Mujeres, and that it was his desire to impress Prisca Gómez Pantoja, otherwise called "La Trigueña" (the Brunette), that caused him to build Vista Alegre. His home, now referred to as Hacienda Mundaca, covered around 40% of the Island and included orchards, large gardens, wells, arches and even a tomb for Mundaca! Sadly he was never buried there; Mundaca died 200 miles away in Merida.
A Reclusive Pirate?
All reports suggest that he was a solitary kind of person who had little contact with anyone other than his servants, plantation workers and business contacts.
Unrequited Love
La Trigueña was the supposed focus of the pirate Mundaca's attentions, and if the reports of her are true it's easy to see why. She was said to have skin the color of honey and eyes that were olive colored and it was thought that all the men of the island were in love with her. She never returned Mundacas affections, however, and legend has it he died of a broken heart while in Merida.
If you'd like to know more about Fermín Antonio Mundaca you can check out the article from which we got our information:
Pirates of Viking Descent
The Vikings were the forerunners of the pirates found around Britain and Scandinavia during the Golden Age of Pirates. There were a few big differences, however, between the Vikings and the pirates that would follow in later centuries.
Pirates of Viking
What makes Vikings Pirates?
Firstly, Vikings did not limit themselves to attacking other ships, in fact they specialized in raiding villages and islands. They were adept fighters and sailors, and their favored tactic was to land, raid, and leave with stunning brutality and speed. This is what they did to the Island of Landisfarm in the 8th century. They were able to get their long-boats much closer to the shore than many others because of their shallow draft and narrow deck; they are designed to get in and about the narrow fjords and inlets of the Vikings home countries.
Vikings, pirates and Religion
The reason for their warlike nature can be traced back to the Vikings religion. The Vikings didn't believe in just one God, but in a Pantheon of Gods who were largely dedicated to warfare and the honour of the battlefield. They believed that those men and women who fought well and died on the battlefield would be rewarded in the afterlife via admittance to Valhalla. This militaristic focus can be seen clearly in the way they treated their weapons.
Weapons fit for pirates and vikings
A Vikings weapons were often named, given personalities, and treated with the utmost respect. They were prized possessions, and a lot could be deduced about a Viking warrior by studying his or her weapon. For example an axe which was heavily engraved had probably been owned for a long time, and depending upon what the runes said you could learn a little about where it and its owner had been. A warrior of high status might have these runes filled in with silver to create an ornate and valuable weapon.
Unlike the pirates of later years Vikings didn't live on their ships; they launched from fishing villages in their home countries and returned their once their voyage was over.
What is the Pirate Code?
If you watch any pirate film, or read literature, then you'll find that there are plenty of mentions of the Pirate Code. Even Jack Sparrow, the character portrayed by Johnny Depp in the Pirates of the Caribbean, makes a mention of it as a decree that joins all pirates. A kind of common law.
Papiro enrollado 2
What was the Pirate Code?
The pirate code was, at the most basic level, a code of conduct that had been drawn together and been agreed by the pirates themselves. This was designed to keep them in line, and to provide some form of Government. The pirate code, however, was enforced on a ship to ship basis. Unlike on legitimate sailing vessels where the sailors follow Navy or Merchant Navy rules and regulations, the crew would decide together what rules were required.
Somewhat different to national laws imposed by Monarchies and Governments, the Pirate code was not a formal, blanket law. It not only changed from ship to ship, but also from voyage to voyage to make sure that it represented the views of the crew at large. It was common for pirates to swear an oath to follow this code; they might swear on a bible, a cannon, crossed swords or even a human skull. What's more all who were on board had to give this oath, even if they weren't crew members. Stowaways and prisoners were required to sign or face torture or even death! Nice, right?
Though the particulars changed there were some common articles that could be found on many ships consistently. They were;
- No fighting on the ship, unless it was in battle or self-defence.
- No women (though this was not always observed).
- No gambling with cards or dice.
- Pirates must be armed and ready always.
- All goods, food, and beverages would be divided equally among the crew. Only the Captain and Quartermaster received a larger share (they got a double share each).
- Pirates who lost a limb would get an extra half share.
- All pirates get one vote as to the next destination and mission taken.
- All crew members follow and respect the orders of the Captain and Quartermaster.
If you're ever tempted to think that being a pirate would put you out of the reach of the law then remember that all pirates were subject to rules and regulations. The Pirate Code applied to everyone.
Viking Pirates and their Ships
The Viking longboat is one of the most iconic ships in pre and early medieval history; the striking silhouette is hard to forget. But why were they so widely used as battle ships by the Vikings? Well they were slim, hardy boats with shallow drafts which meant that they were able to get very close to the shore, and they were able to manoeuvre through close spaces.
Viking Pirates and their Ships
The iconic dragon heads that were attached to the tall, slim, stems at the front of the boats were removable. Though these are the forerunners of the figureheads seen on many pirate ships in later centuries, the Viking animal heads had spiritual, and practical uses for the ship. The Vikings believed that these animal heads protected the ship from the dangers that the sea held, but they would remove them upon return to their homes so as not to scare off the guardians of the towns and villages themselves.
Each Dreki had 60 oars, but no galley slaves; the warriors themselves were expected to be fit and strong enough to row the single-masted vessel and still fight when needed. This was all a part of the mentality of strength, honour and skill that came with the Viking religion. Their belief was that glory and skill on the battle-field, as well as a good death, would gain them entrance to the feasting halls of Valhalla.
As far as pirates go, the Vikings were undoubtedly the elite, though they had their differences. For a start they lived mainly on land, and they targeted settlements as well as other ships. But their consummate skill as fighters, and indeed as sailors mean that any considerations about the history of piracy would be incomplete without at least a few words spared for the Nordic warriors that terrorized large swathes of Europe for hundreds of years in the early medieval era.
Reference: Gail Selinger, W. Smith Jr. The Complete Idiot's Guide to Pirates, Penguin Press 2006
5 Prosperous Pirate Strongholds
The seas and oceans once used to be the playground of many notorious pirates who chanced upon sea travelers for the purpose of deceit and plain robbery. In turn, the Caribbean, the Gulf Of Mexico and the coasts of Africa also served as hideaways for these sea criminals.
When pirates were not on the seas, they were in safe harbors located within pirate strongholds or hidden coves, resting on their laurels and getting ready for their sne


- Events
Support French Culture
The Cultural Services of the French Embassy promotes the best of French arts, literature, cinema, digital innovation, language, and higher education across the US, bringing artists, authors, intellectuals, and innovators to cities nationwide and building partnerships between leading French and American thinkers and institutions.
In order to offer French artists and intellectuals and the American public a platform and tools for cultural exchange, the Cultural Services relies on a robust network of individuals, corporations, and foundations that join forces with the French Embassy and its non-profit partner French-American Cultural Exchange (FACE) Foundation. These partners generously support French and American university and artist exchanges; grant programs for contemporary music, theater, dance, and visual art; bilingual education programs; and French film festivals, among other initiatives.
These philanthropic partnerships make French culture accessible to a new generation of Americans and help bring France a little closer to the US. The Embassy is extraordinarily grateful to its generous supporters and friends.
Image: President Emmanuel Macron of the Republic of France and dual language students from The Boerum Hill School at the Graduate Center, CUNY on September 20, 2017, during the inauguration of the French Dual Language Fund.


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Waterfront shopping in Cape Town is one of the best shopping ideas for the vacation. Offering everything from home appliances to fashion, and electronics to souvenirs, this is a one-stop shopping area. Perfect for those on a budget as well as the elite shopping enthusiasts, you must head here during your vacation!
Since its origins in 1860, the Port of Cape Town has been the scene of excavations, reclamations, harbour construction programmes and land-based developments. By the time Prince Alfred* tipped the first load of stone into the sea to initiate construction of Cape Town's harbour, the trade routes to the East had transformed the city into a hive of seafront activity. The discovery of gold and diamonds in South Africa meant that the first section of harbour, the Alfred Basin, had to be added to and the Victoria Basin was built. (* Prince Alfred was Queen Victoria's second son)
The construction of the two harbour basins took place between 1860 and 1920, and the area is notable for its outstanding heritage buildings. It retains the charm of Victorian industrial architecture and the scale of a harbour built for sail and the early days of steam travel. In the 1970s, containerisation had developed worldwide as the major method of cargo handling and transportation. It was this, together with South Africa's economic isolation at the time and the reopening of the Suez Canal, that led to a sharp reduction in the utilisation of land and harbour facilities surrounding the Victoria & Alfred Basins. At the time, Transnet was in the process of rationalising harbour facilities and reviewing its harbour and other land holdings with particular emphasis on the returns being generated by these assets.
More Places to See
V & Waterfront Shopping in Cape Town Trading Hours
Timings: 9 AM to 9 PM
Location: 19 Dock Rd, Cape Town, 8001, South Africa


text: Integrable turbulence arises while noisy initial data are launched into a system described by an integrable wave equation. Over recent years, the study of the complex dynamics and non-Gaussian statistics in integrable turbulence has become a growing and fundamental field of research. In this chapter, we show how recent theoretical results obtained in the semi-classical (zero-dispersion) limit of the focusing one dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) can be related to the phenomenon of integrable turbulence. One of the outcomes of the semi-classical NLSE analysis is an asymptotic description of the evolution in the framework of finite-gap theory, also known as periodic inverse scattering transform (IST), and we show how this periodic IST can be used to characterize integrable turbulence. Finally, we review optical fiber experiments devoted to the study of (near) integrable turbulence. In particular, we show how fast measurement techniques (time lens, time microscope, optical sampling) now allow the detailed study of the complex and fast dynamics arising from the propagation of partially coherent waves in optical fibers. These experiments provide physical confirmation of some fundamental predictions of the semi-classical theory.


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Implications of radial head hemiarthroplasty dish depth on radiocapitellar contact mechanics
Journal of Hand Surgery
URL with Digital Object Identifier
© 2015 American Society for Surgery of the Hand. Purpose To investigate the effect of radial head implant dish depth on radiocapitellar joint contact mechanics. Methods Computed tomography images of 13 fresh-frozen cadaveric humeri were reconstructed into 3-dimensional finite element models with accurate cartilage geometry. Native humeri were paired with the corresponding native radial heads and axisymmetric radial head prosthesis models of the following dish depths: 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm, and 3.0 mm. Radiocapitellar contact mechanics were quantified at 4 different flexion angles (0°, 45°, 90°, and 135°) with a 100-N axial load applied to the radial head using a modeling protocol previously validated by cadaveric studies. The radial head was permitted to translate freely to its optimal position while the humerus was fully constrained. Output variables were contact area and peak contact stress. Results All prostheses had significantly decreased contact area and increased peak contact stress at all flexion angles relative to the native radiocapitellar joint. Contact area increased with prosthesis dish depth until reaching a plateau with a predicted local maximum at a mean depth of 3.2 ± 0.7 mm. Peak contact stress was elevated for both the shallowest and deepest models and reached a predicted local minimum at a mean depth of 1.8 ± 0.3 mm. Conclusions Contact area and peak contact stress were dependent on radial head prosthesis dish depth. There was an optimal implant dish depth for radiocapitellar contact mechanics at approximately 2 mm. Clinical relevance Optimizing radiocapitellar contact mechanics using rigorous and systematic prosthesis design techniques may lead to better clinical outcomes due to reduced capitellar cartilage degradation.


LeetCode 681. Next Closest Time
Description
_URL_
Given a time represented in the format "HH:MM", form the next closest time by reusing the current digits. There is no limit on how many times a digit can be reused.
You may assume the given input string is always valid. For example, "01:34", "12:09" are all valid. "1:34", "12:9" are all invalid.
Example 1:
Input: "19:34"
Output: "19:39"
Explanation: The next closest time choosing from digits 1, 9, 3, 4, is 19:39, which occurs 5 minutes later. It is not 19:33, because this occurs 23 hours and 59 minutes later.
Example 2:
Input: "23:59"
Output: "22:22"
Explanation: The next closest time choosing from digits 2, 3, 5, 9, is 22:22. It may be assumed that the returned time is next day's time since it is smaller than the input time numerically.
Explanation
Simulate the clock going forward by one minute. Each time it moves forward, if all the digits are allowed, then return the time.
Python Solution
class Solution:
 def nextClosestTime(self, time: str) -> str:
 current = 60 * int(time[:2]) + int(time[3:])

 for i in range(current + 1, current + 1441):
 minutes = i % 1440
 h, m = minutes // 60, minutes % 60

 result = "{:02d}:{:02d}".format(h, m)

 if set(result) <= set(time):
 break

 return result
 - Time Complexity: ~N
 - Space Complexity: ~1
where N is a number of characters in the input string.
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Sunday, 23 October 2011
Gypsy Spells
Wednesday, February 06, 2013
What is Gypsy Spells?
Misinformation about Gypsies practising Witchcraft.
Gypsies, or Roma people are forbidden to practice any type of witchcraft. The reason is simple, it looked upon as deceit. It is documented in the ancient gypsy tarot reading, called Agni Tara in the card called "Deceit" explaining the stand on magic and witchcraft. Deceit in Gypsy language is called'maya' meaning fraud, creating illusion, witchcraft magic, deception. Maya is defined as pretending to exhibit or claiming to have good qualities which is not real and is associated with both passion, lust and desire (raga) and magic employed to bewilder, sinning (moha) by being overly attached to wealth and honour. Deceit is a mental factor which apprehend the quality of an object and we not only deceit others but ourselves as well of the object's value. Its function is to provide a basis for a perverse life-style, due to excessive attachment to our material gain and the respect we receive. Deceit is represented with a cat, which is called marjara in Sanskrit and its meaning is both a scarlet and a cat. Scarlet can prescribe a colour and the character of the person. Deceit is to use trickery, emotional blackmail or force to compel someone to get what we desire, as the scarlet does, using glamour to allure, to get the desired outcome. Deceiving is also killing, (maraka) and specifically, killing morality. Deceit is set up to defend a self image, a concept, or an institution. Not to deceit requires awareness, free from extravagance or debauchery of what is true. It also requires that we examine our own motivations, to be sure there isn't some trace of self-clinging behind our words. For example, people active in religious causes sometimes become addicted to self-righteousness. Their speech in favour of their cause becomes tainted by their need to feel morally superior to others.
Where the Gypsies come from?
The Gypsies are the Ancient Greeks. I know if you are racist, you will find this statement outrageous. What is the evidence of this you ask? Well, it is the language. The Greek language contains the most Sanskrit words, which remained almost identical to Sanskrit, but with different pronunciation. A good example is the word Gorgos in Greek, Gorgons in English, which originated from the Gypsy language, garg, garji, garjo, gora, ghora and ghoram translating to monsters, horrible beings, violence, rumbling, dreadful, the same meaning as the Greek word. Another example is Prometheus, which is Pramatha in Sanskrit, translating to rape, destruction, tormenting, racking, theft. Another Sanskrit word is Papo, which is the same in Greek. In Sanskrit Papo translating to protector, guardian, keeper of the secret knowledge, knower and teacher of the secret song, the highly skilled knowledge of Sanskrit vibrations, which builds a bridge between the physical and the earthy planes. You can read more about Gypsy and Greek language similarities in the Book of Agni.
Spreading racism against Gypsies on Witchcraft sites...
There are many groups and individuals who are posing as Gypsies because the name Gypsy will bring money. Meanwhile the'real' Roma people suffering from racism brought on by these pretend Gypsies by their crocked business practises. Many witchcraft sites ( showing a Romanian Woman practising witchcraft and at the same time (probably unintentionally) spreading racism against the Roma people by showing this woman from youtube who is claiming to be Gypsy (The 'Gypsy' name will bring a sure success in business, - strangely not to the Gypsy people - yet the Romanian woman shown is only a very greedy Romanian woman without any Gypsy (Rom) ancestry) who learned to make money by tricking people, thus she is a maya, a fraud, creating illusion, witchcraft magic, driven by greed to deceive those who are vulnerable.
Most Gypsy people will hide their identity due to fear of persecution and will never use 'Gypsy' as their racial identity specially not to make money from. Only those who have no Romani, Gypsy blood that will use this derogatory race name 'Gypsy' and creating more hatred and persecution to the already suffering people. Perhaps website should elaborate more on the fact how the "Gypsy" name and "Witchcraft" can be misused by the wrong people.
Is Tarot Gypsy in Origin?
Yes it is. Tarot is Gypsy, Roma in origin and had a very different purpose to what is used for today. The word Taro derived from the Sanskrit word Tara, meaning road, passing over or beyond, passage, crossroad, ferry. It is also called Tarita, a form of Durga, also known as carca, meaning inquiry, discussion, recollection, as we already possess this knowledge and all we have to do is to remind ourselves of this wisdom with the help of Agni Tara. The translation from Sanskrit suggesting that the original Tara, Tarita cards were not designed for fortune telling, but served as a guide to the right path, how to deal with our emotions, how to overcome desires, which entail jealousy, anger, hope, sadness, deceit, greed, pride, etc. The cards also give you a glimpse into the ancient Gypsy belief system of creation and into the ancient past of the Roma people.
Despite of the popular belief which is portraying Gypsies as people who roamed they lived a settled lifestyle. It is obvious from their ancient philosophical thinking which couldn't be made whilst living a roaming lifestyle.
The principles of the tarot cards are serving as a philosophy of life, helping you to find happiness, the meaning and purpose of life. These principles will enable you to understand your place within this universe, helping you to find the order and the priorities which should be of concern, to devise a proper way to live your life, to achieve balance
The lack of clear guidelines, the constant bombardments to create urges and desires become a norm today, which is largely responsible for the steady decline of ethical standards, both individually and socially in the world, resulting in the decay of humanity and eventually to the collapse of society. The cards also provide a glance into society when values are abandoned in favour of an exclusive stress on materialism, to satisfy greed and pride. Consulting the cards you are able to draw up an individual plan how to overcome obstacles, difficulties in life. This was the original purpose of the Tara Cards, to reflect and to discuss moral issues, so we can find the right passage.
The belief system of the Roma, Gypsy people so far was unknown or rather hidden and thus it become a topic for all kind of speculations. It also should be clear that the language of the Gypsies is Sanskrit, which is the base of every European languages. Therefore, the Roma were not only the founders of philosophy, laying down the foundation of religion and science, but they were the founders of almost every languages spoken in Europe and Asia today, as every language is based on Sanskrit, the language of the Roma. In Ancient times the Roma people lived in an equal and harmonious society, their knowledge of life were highly advanced and unique, yet they were humble in character due to their religious belief system. Yet all this (paradise lost) is ceased with the arrival of the Gorgons, also known as Serpents. They have changed the world into a hierarchical system, where greed and pride become the rule. They hid the real past of the Gypsies to claim ownership of their knowledge, to satisfy their greed at the same time their pride. Whilst the Roma (Gypsy) forgotten who they were because of their oppression, their enslavement, they were unable to pass down their knowledge to their children, as they were taken away and sold to someone else into slavery. Their knowledge of Sanskrit also become limited. The original Sanskrit was the most sophisticated language in the world even in today's standard, yet most meaning of the words are lost and forgotten. This is the reason for the hate, persecution and genocide of the Roma we see today, it is to cover up the truth, the origin of knowledge. The Thief become the Enemy of the Gypsies, and the Thief calls his victims 'thieves'.
The meaning of Gorgon.
We are left with many tales of the Gorgons in the ancient Greek mythology. Most people believe the only Gorgon was Medusa, however she was only one of the Gorgons. The name Gorgon derived from the Gypsy language (Sanskrit) garg and it translates to 'horrible ones". Thus, the Gorgon is not only Medusa but other creatures also fall under the same category, such as the ancient story of the Minotaur, the Harpies, the Nymphs, Centaurs, etc. These creatures were not monsters in physical sense, but they were monsters in psychological perspective. For instance the Centaur is a description of a'stallion' which exactly means what it say. A man with enormous appetite for women. The Gorgons also representing a race of people, but no one knows who they were, or rather it is a well hidden secret. Where they come from is


text:
Electron temperature in the solar wind from a kinetic collisionless model: Application to high-latitude Ulysses observations
MetadataShow full item record
We use a kinetic collisionless model of the solar wind to calculate the radial variation of the electron temperature and obtain analytical expressions at large radial distances. In order to be compared with Ulysses observations, the model, which initially assumed a radial magnetic field, has been generalized to a spiral magnetic field. We present a preliminary comparison with Ulysses observations in the fast solar wind at high heliospheric latitudes.
CitationIssautier, K.; Meyer-Vernet, N.; Pierrard, V.; Lemaire, J. (2001). Electron temperature in the solar wind from a kinetic collisionless model: Application to high-latitude Ulysses observations. , Astrophysics and Space Science, Vol. 277, Issue 1-2, 189-193, DOI: 10.1023/A:1012206230015.


There are a number of Nevada fishing licenses available for state residents and non-residents, such as junior and senior licenses. Purchase the right license type for you, then read through the NV fishing rules or regulations before your trip. In order to keep certain species, like trout, you may also need a special stamp or privilege, so be sure to read the fishing license and permit requirements carefully.
Your fishing license purchase helps to protect and preserve the sport of fishing for years to come. The fees collected from Nevada fishing licenses go toward fishery management, habitat development, endangered species programs, and conservation education.
NV Fishing Rules & Regulations
Wondering how many inches a striped bass needs to be in order for you to keep it or you want to know how many bluegill you can take? You will need to check the current Nevada fishing regulations. Always check the regulations before a trip so that you are aware of any special laws that may apply to certain regions of the state. If you catch a fish that is not within the rules, practice catch and release to increase the chances that the fish will survive.
How You Can Help with Conservation
Knowing how to apply proper catch and release techniques is one major way you can help contribute to conservation efforts. Fighting a fish for too long can cause undue stress on the fish, so use tackle that is heavy enough given the species you are targeting and try to land the fish as quickly as you can. Once you have the fish to the boat or shore, handle the fish as little as possible by using release tools such as de-hookers or needle-nosed pliers. When a fish is handled properly, it can be released back into the water to grow and thrive.


text:
What Is It?
Social Studies, History, Information Technology
Change, Ways of life
- Mail-order catalogues on this site
- Photographs of artifacts from Eaton's catalogues (links
- Teacher hints (below)
- Ask students to select an object from the list of photographs below.
- By using the historical catalogue pages
from this site, and with the help of the indexes, students must find out
it was used, what it was used for, and what it cost.
- Foot warmer
- Shoe and harness repair kit
- Pair of sad iron handles and bases
- Meat grinder
- Foot-powered sewing machine
- Electric toaster
- Electric washing machine.
Foot warmer, ca?
On a cold winter's night in a home heated by a
a stoneware foot warmer filled with hot water would have been a welcome
to a bed. Foot warmers were also used in carriages and in early
didn't have heaters.
Shoe and harness repair kit, ca 1900
This "Combination Family Cobbler/Tinker &
contained the tools required to perform repairs to shoes and horse
in this kit were childrenand adult-sized lasts, or shoe forms, a
hammer, a tack hammer, a leather punch, and a variety of nails.
Pair of sad iron bases and handles, ca 1900-50
Before women used electric irons to press clothes and
they used sad irons. Sad irons were usually sold as sets with one
wooden handle and three cast iron bases. Women heated two or three bases
wood stove at a time. They attached the handle to one preheated base, used
to iron until it cooled down, and then replaced it with a heated base from
Meat grinder, ca 1910-50
At a time when people raised their own livestock and did
own butchering, many people made their own sausages and ground meats by
a hand-powered meat grinder. After clamping the grinder to a table, they
drop chunks of meat into the funnel-like hopper and turn the handle. An
blade inside would grind up the meat and the resulting ground meat would
out through the opening on the side into a sausage casing or a bowl.
Foot-powered sewing machine, ca 1910-50
Eaton's offered its own brand of sewing machine in
catalogues. This Eatonia sewing machine would have been fastened to a
cabinet with a foot-pedal underneath. By pumping the pedal with her foot
guiding the fabric with her hands, a woman could have sewn clothing that
modeled on the latest catalogue fashions.
Electric toaster, ca 1920
This electric "turn-over" toaster was used to
one piece of bread at a time. When one side was toasted, the user flipped
bread over so the other side could be toasted too.
Electric washing machine, 1926
"All the old, wearying, back-breaking rubbing and
of wash-tub days done away with for you," boasted the advertisement
this electric washing machine in the Eaton's spring-and-summer 1926
However, most Canadian homes did not yet have electricity in 1926 and
continue to do the laundry using washtubs, washboards, and their own
for a few more decades.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
In this Article, Professor Sullivan postulates that the unconstitutional conditions doctrine is a doctrine in search of a theory. Three theories have been put forth, but have proven unsatisfactory. The author describes the three theories and then suggests an alternative approach. The unconstitutional doctrine is necessary to preserve three distributive functions: (1) checking the power of the state by preserving a private order; (2) imposing obligations of government neutrality among rightholders who, for example, speak, worship, or procreate according to different lights; and (3) barring a system of constitutional caste among rightholders. The alternative approach embodies a distributive analysis of unconstitutional conditions that considers the balance of power and freedom in the polity as a whole.
Kathleen M. Sullivan,
Unconstitutional Conditions and the Distribution of Liberty,
San Diego L. Rev.
Available at: _URL_


text:
Finite Element Simulation of the Process of Aluminum Alloy Resistance Spot Welding
In this paper, an axis-symmetric finite element analysis (FEA) model for the resistance spot welding (RSW) of aluminum alloys is developed using the FEA software ANSYS. It accounts for the interactions of mechanical, electrical and thermal phenomena. The coupled analysis is accomplished through the cycles of contact analysis and electrical-thermal analysis. In order to perform the coupled mechanical-electrical-thermal analysis, the relationship for contact electrical resistivity as a function of contact pressure and temperature is proposed, and the phase change due to melting is also accounted for. At the same time, temperature-dependent variable material properties are used to the simulation. In addition, the coupled analysis also includes the effect of distortion on the electrical-thermal analysis.


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|XRT Home||XRT Mission Ops||YouTube|
XRT is now the proud owner of a new GitHub page! This is a great way to share not only the images and movies, but also the code used to make them. You can 'clone' the repository so you can access the the code and generate the image files yourself (or make changes to customize the plots to you). If you are new to github, check out this tutorial first.
This movie shows XRT synoptic images since launch in 2006. The sun reached the peak of solar cycle 24 in ~2014 and is now declining in activity. The plot shows the total number of flares recorded by the GOES spacecraft over time, broken down by size. In the movie, the legend also includes a flare count for the month covered with the blue bar.
It may seem like the smaller B-flares stop occurring during the peak of the cycle. On the contrary, they are more common, but all of the increased activity washes them out so they can't be detected above the noise.


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How Long Does It Take for a Joint to Get Out of Your System?
This is the most common question asked by cannabis users. Well, there's no simple answer to this question, as there are so many variables that dictate how fast or slow a joint can take to get out of your system. However, if you're a weed user looking for answers before a scheduled drug test, there are two major factors that can make a difference—your physiology (as all people are different) and the amount of THC in a joint.
Table of Contents
one joint out of your system
How Much THC Is in One Joint?
In most cases, the amount of THC varies from strain to strain, from 5% to upwards of 30%. In our case, let's take an average level of 15%.
The average weight of a single joint is estimated to be 0.32 grams according to an article published by Christopher Ingraham in The Washington Post. [1]
Knowing this, we can calculate how much THC is in one average joint. Here's the math:
0.32 grams = 320 milligrams
15% THC of 320 mg = 0.15 × 320 = 48 mg THC
If you're smoking half of an average joint, then you consume 12 mg to 14 mg of THC, with about 10 mg to 12 mg going to the sidestream. On the other hand, if you're smoking an entire joint, then the average amount of THC consumed will range from 19 mg to 23 mg.
Another common joint size from the same article was 0.75 grams according to a survey among marijuana users by High Times based on 3,000 responses. Here's the amount of THC calculated from this joint size:
0.75 grams = 750 milligrams
15% THC of 750 mg = 0.15 x 750 = 112.5 mg THC
In this case, if you smoke half a joint, you will consume about 27 mg to 32 mg THC. On the other hand, if you smoke an entire joint, you'll consume between 50 mg and 60 mg THC, with a sidestream loss of about 40–50 mg THC.
Many other variables also determine how much THC is consumed. For instance, lung capacity, how much you inhale, and how long you hold your breath after each puff are some factors that will determine the amount of THC you consume. Another factor is sidestream smoke, where much THC is lost as you await the next puff.
Also important is the change in THC in the joint as you smoke. As the joint burns, more THC condenses toward its end, making the second half of the joint have a slightly higher THC level than the first half.
In the table below, you can see the approximate amount of THC in the joint depending on the THC level in the cannabis strain:
5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
Pinner (0.32 gr) 16 mg 32 mg 48 mg 64 mg 80 mg 96 mg
Joint (0.75 gr) 37.5 mg 75 mg 112.5 mg 150 mg 187.5 mg 225 mg
How Long Does THC Stay in Your System?
Here's the science behind it:
According to a study, after smoking about 27 mg of ▵9-THC in a joint, THC-COOH in a smoker's urine was peaking at 180 ng/mL after 4 hours. [2]
According to another study, it was discovered that THC half-life goes from 1.4 days in the first days after smoking (without any major differences between frequent and occasional users) to approximately 4 days for occasional users and 7 days for frequent users in later days. [3]
This means that 27 mg will require about 3 days to get below the recommended 50 ng/mL drug test threshold because after 1.5 days it will be 180/2 = 90 ng/mL, and in the next 1.5 days, it will be 90/2 = 45 ng/mL.
For a confirmation test with a 20 ng/mL cutoff, infrequent users will need almost 5 days to test negative, while frequent users will need up to 7 days.
However, it's good to keep in mind that these calculations may vary significantly depending on many variables, which include age, body mass, lifestyle, and personal metabolism.
Read more: How Long Does Weed Stay In Your System?
How Long for One Joint to Get Out of Your System?
Here is the math:
In the study above, a weak marijuana strain was used. Let's take their findings and recalculate the number of days for other strains knowing how much THC is in the joint.
An average pinner with 15% THC has 48 mg of THC, which gives near 320 ng/mL of THC-COOH in the urine after smoking. This concentration will be reduced to 160 ng/mL in 1.5 days, 80 ng/mL in 3 days, and 40 ng/mL in 4.5 days, so you need almost 4 days to pass a drug test after smoking such a joint. Since THC half-life later grows to 4 and 7 days for infrequent and frequent users respectively, you may need from 8 to 11 days to get below 20 ng/mL and pass a confirmation test.
For a joint with 15% and 112.5 mg THC, the calculation will be 750 ng/mL THC-COOH after smoking, 375 ng/mL in 1.5 days, 187.5 ng/mL in 3 days, and almost 94 ng/mL in 4.5 days. With an increasing half-life it will take 8–11 days to get below 50 ng/mL and from 10 days to 2 weeks to get below 20 ng/mL.
Days to pass initial drug test with 50 ng/mL cutoff:
Pinner (0.32 gr) Joint (0.75 gr)
Casual user Heavy user Casual user Heavy user
5% 2 2 4 4
10% 3 3 6 7
15% 4 4 8 11
20% 5 5 10 14
25% 6 7 11 16
30% 7 10 12 18
NOTE! The calculations here are estimates, as personal metabolism has a major impact on the time THC needs to get out of your system.
To get THC out of your system completely down to zero, you need almost one month for infrequent users and a few months for heavy smokers.
How to Find the Exact Time?
To find the exact time a joint needs to get out of your system, you need to buy a home drug test to test yourself and control the level of marijuana metabolites in your system. One of the best home tests available is the UTest-O-Meter Multi-Level Home THC Urine Test. Unlike the usual tests, this one checks THC in the urine in 4 different levels, which are 20 ng/mL, 50 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL, and 200 ng/mL. This helps you to better understand how fast your body cleanses itself from traces of weed.
How to Reduce This Time
To speed up THC withdrawal and reduce the time a joint needs to get out of your system, you need to drink a lot of water, urinate frequently, and use marijuana detox kits to cleanse your urine and avoid failing a drug test.
 1. One of the big questions in marijuana research has been answered. Christopher Ingraham - The Washington Post.
 2. Chemistry, Metabolism, and Toxicology of Cannabis: Clinical Implications. Priyamvada Sharma PhD, Pratima Murthy, M.M. Srinivas Bharath - NCBI.
 3. Urinary Excretion of 11-nor-9-Carboxy-AgTetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabinoids in Frequent and Infrequent Drug Users. Anne Smith-Kielland, Bjørn Skuterud, Jørg Mørland - Journal of Analytical Toxicology.


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Using Attributes to Improve Image Classification Accuracy
Jason Wolfe
In this article I will show an example of how you can improve the accuracy of a supervised classification by considering different attributes.
Supervised classification typically involves a multi-band image and ground-truth data for training. The classification is thus restricted to spectral information only; for example, radiance or reflectance values in various wavelengths. However, adding different types of data to the source image gives a classifier more information to consider when assigning pixels to classes.
Attributes are unique characteristics that can help distinguish between different objects in an image. Examples include elevation, texture, and saturation. In ENVI you can create a georeferenced layer stack image where each band is a separate attribute. Then you can classify the attribute image using training data.
Creating an attribute image is an example of data fusion in remote sensing. This is the process of combining data from multiple sources to produce a dataset that contains more detailed information than each of the individual sources.
Think about what attributes will best distinguish between the different classes. Spectral indices are easy to create and can help identify different features. Vegetation indices are a good addition to an attribute image if different vegetation types will be classified.
Here are some other attributes to experiment with:
 - Texture measures (occurrence and co-occurrence)
 - Synthetic aperture rader (SAR) data
 - Color transforms (hue, saturation, intensity, lightness)
Including elevation data with your source imagery helps to identify features with noticeable height such as buildings and trees. If point clouds are available for the study area, you can use ENVI LiDAR to create digital surface model (DSM) and digital elevation model (DEM) images. Use Band Math to subtract the DEM from the DSM to create a height image, where pixels represent absolute heights in meters. In the following example, the brightest pixels represent trees. You can also see building outlines.
Example height image at 1-meter spatial resolution
Locating coincident point cloud data for your study area (preferably around the same date) can be a challenge. Luckily I found the perfect set of coincident data for a classification experiment.
The National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) provides field measurements and airborne remote sensing datasets for terrestrial and aquatic study sites throughout the world. Their Airborne Observation Platform (AOP) carries an imaging spectrometer with 428 narrow spectral bands extending from 380 to 2510 nanometers with a spectral sampling of 5 nanometers. Also onboard is a full-waveform LiDAR sensor and a high-resolution red/green/blue (RGB) camera. For a given observation site, the hyperspectral data, LiDAR data, and high-resolution orthophotography are available for the same sampling period.
I acquired a sample of NEON data near Grand Junction, Colorado from July 2013. My goal was to create an urban land-use classification map using an attribute image and training data. For experimentation and to reduce processing time, I only extracted the RGB and near-infrared bands from the hyperspectral dataset and created a multispectral image with these bands. I used ENVI LiDAR to extract a DEM and DSM from the point clouds. Then I created a height image whose pixels lined up exactly with the multispectral image.
I created an Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) image using the Spectral Indices tool. Finally, I combined the RGB/NIR images, the relative height image, and the EVI image into a single attribute image using the Layer Stacking tool.
Next, I used the Region of Interest (ROI) tool to collect samples of pixels from the multispectral image that I knew represented five dominant classes in the scene: Water, Asphalt, Concrete, Grass, and Trees. I used a NEON orthophoto to help verify the different land-cover types.
I ran seven different supervised classifiers with the multispectral image, then again with the attribute image. Here are some examples of Maximum Likelihood classifier results:
Maximum Likelihood classification result from the NEON multispectral image
Notice how the classifier assigned some Building pixels to Asphalt throughout the image.
Here is an improved result using the attribute image. Those pixels are correctly classified as Building now.
Maximum Likelihood classification result using the attribute image
A confusion matrix and accuracy metrics can help verify the accuracy of the classification.
Confusion matrix calculated from the attribute image classification
The following table shows how the Overall Accuracy value is higher with the attribute image when using different supervised classifiers:
 Multispectral image Attribute Image
 Mahalanobis Distance 72.5 83.8
 Minimum Distance 57.69 95.22
 Maximum Likelihood 91.3 98.91
 Parallelepiped 57.18 95.8
 Spectral Angle Mapper 54.97 61.79
 Spectral Information Divergence 62.1 66.93
 Support Vector Machine 85.03 99.16
The accuracy of a supervised classification depends on the quality of your training data as well as a good selection of attributes. In some cases, too many attributes added to a multispectral image can make the classification result worse, so you should experiment with what works best for your study area. Also, some classifiers work better than others when considering different spatial and spectral attributes. Finally, you may need to normalize the different data layers in the attribute image if their pixel values have a wide variation.
New tutorials will be available in ENVI 5.4 for creating attribute images and for defining training data for supervised classification.
National Ecological Observatory Network. 2016. Data accessed on 28 July 2016. Available on-line at _URL_ from National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder, CO, USA.


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the Transverse Range, although there are plants in the Laguna Mountains and perhaps at Palomar Mountain. L. parryi essentially replaces L. pardalinum in its range.
Relative with the most-similar-in-form flowers: L. washingtonianum, with white flowers that are remarkably similar in form and function and which are also moth-pollinated. This resemblance is due to evolutionary convergence. In California, L. washingtonianum lives north of Fresno in the Sierra Nevada and Klamath Ranges.
Bogus variety: var. kessleri, claimed to be distinguished by its wider leaves in the San Gabriel Mountains, had wider leaves simply due to heavily-shaded habitats. We've seen similarly-wide leaves in heavily-shaded habitats in the San Jacinto Mountains.
Copyright © 2018-2022 by Dave Stith and Tom Chester.
Commercial rights reserved. Permission is granted to reproduce any or all of this page for individual or non-profit institutional internal use as long as credit is given to us at this source:
Comments and feedback: Tom Chester
Updated 26 July 2022.


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A legend in her own time both for her brilliant poetry and for her resistance to oppression, Anna Akhmatova—denounced by the Soviet regime for her "eroticism, mysticism, and political indifference"—is one of the greatest Russian poets of the twentieth century.Before the revolution, Akhmatova was a wildly popular young poet who lived a bohemian life. She was one of the leaders of a movement of poets whose ideal was "beautiful clarity"—in her deeply personal work, themes of love and mourning are conveyed with passionate intensity and economy, her voice by turns tender and fierce. A vocal critic of Stalinism, she saw her work banned for many years and was expelled from the Writers' Union—condemned as "half nun, half harlot." Despite this censorship, her reputation continued to flourish underground, and she is still among Russia's most beloved poets. Here are poems from all her major works—including the magnificent "Requiem" commemorating the victims of Stalin's terror—and some that have been newly translated for this edition.
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Faster Network Design with Scenario Pre-filtering
Dutta, Debojyoti and Goel, Ashish and Heidemann, John
USC/Information Sciences Institute
citation
Debojyoti Dutta, Ashish Goel and John Heidemann 2001. Faster Network Design with Scenario Pre-filtering. Technical Report ISI-TR-550. USC/Information Sciences Institute. [PDF]
abstract
Design and engineering of networks requires the consideration of many possible configurations (different network topologies, bandwidths, traffic and policies). Network engineers may use network simulation to evaluate changes in network configuration, but detailed, packet-level simulation of many alternatives would be extremely time consuming. This paper introduces the concept of scenario pre-filtering—rather than perform detailed simulation of each scenario, we propose to quickly evaluate (pre-filter) all scenarios in order to select only the relevant scenarios and discard those that are clearly too over- or under-provisioned. To rapidly evaluate scenarios, we have developed several new analytical techniques to quickly determine the steady-state behavior of the network with both bulk and short term TCP flows. These techniques apply to arbitrary topologies and routers that use both drop-tail and RED queuing policies. Since we are only interested in selecting the interesting scenarios for detailed simulation, the answers need only be approximate. However, we show that accuracy is typically within 10% of detailed simulation. More importantly, these techniques are 10-300x faster than detailed simulation, and, hence, pre-filtering is a promising technique to reduce the total simulation time when many scenarios must be considered.
reference
@techreport{Dutta01a,
 author = {Dutta, Debojyoti and Goel, Ashish and Heidemann, John},
 title = {Faster Network Design with Scenario Pre-filtering},
 institution = {USC/Information Sciences Institute},
 year = {2001},
 sortdate = {2001-11-01},
 project = {ant, saman},
 jsubject = {networking},
 number = {ISI-TR-550},
 month = nov,
 jlocation = {johnh: pafile},
 keywords = {approx-sim, ns-2, simulation pre-filtering},
 url = {_URL_
 psurl = {_URL_
 pdfurl = {_URL_
 otherurl = {_URL_
 myorganization = {USC/Information Sciences Institute}
}


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The IMF Working Papers series is designed to make IMF staff research available to a wide audience. Almost 300 Working Papers are released each year, covering a wide range of theoretical and analytical topics, including balance of payments, monetary and fiscal issues, global liquidity, and national and international economic developments.
Stress testing has become the risk management tool du jour in the wake of the global financial crisis. In countries where the information reported by financial institutions is considered to be of sufficiently good quality, and supervisory and regulatory standards are high, stress tests can be of significant value. In contrast, the proliferation of stress testing in underdeveloped financial systems with weak oversight regimes is fraught with uncertainties, as it is unclear what the results actually represent and how they could be usefully applied. In this paper, problems associated with stress tests using weak data are examined. We offer a potentially more useful alternative, the "breaking point" method, which also requires close coordination with on-site supervision and complemented by other supervisory tools and qualitative information. Excel spreadsheet templates of the stress tests presented in this paper are provided.


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The next phase of regulations over water that leaves farms and enters public waterways will be pondered over the next several months as water quality officials meet with growers to ask for input.
It may be that different crops or different growing areas have different approaches.
The Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board will meet from 6-8 p.m. April 8 at the Durham Memorial Hall, 9319 the Midway. It"s one of several meetings the agency has scheduled.
The meetings are to gather input about the long-term regulatory program.
In the past, farmers were exempt from requirements to have a permit to discharge irrigation water from their lands.
That changed and in 2003 conditional waivers were granted, at the same time requiring landowners to join a coalition that conducted water quality monitoring.
Landowners pay an assessment on their land to pay for the tests.
But that is just an interim program, with the guidelines for the long-term program to be decided in the future.
Some of the proposals call for having different requirements for different types of agriculture or for different regions that have different water quality issues.
The Water Quality Control Board also might decide to treat different farms differently, such as small operations, organic farms, nurseries, wetland, etc.
Groundwater impacts from irrigated lands is another issue to look at more closely.
Information about the current Conditional Waiver Program is available at: _URL_ water_issues/irrigated_lands/index.html.
Comments on the program must be submitted by May 30.


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Word problem on Percentage
In a room with 35 men, 80 percent of the occupants are women. How many women are in the room?
Answer STEP 1:
The percentage of women present in the room is given as 80. So, in a room with only women and men, the percentage of men present will be 100 – 80 = 20.STEP 2:
Since we are given the number of men in the room, we find that it is easy find the number of women, if we know the total number of occupants in the room. Let's assign any variable say x
for the total number of people. Now, let us determine x
Percentage of men × total occupants = Number of menSTEP 3:
The total number of occupants in the room is 175, and the number of men is 35. Subtract 35 from 175 to get the number of women in the room.


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2018 Pratiwi The strategic options to sustain a vintage urea plant production
The Need for Urea Fertilizer supply is one of the essential factors for the development of the agricultural sector. However, due to the high energy usage and the increasing price of natural gas as the raw material, some of the old urea fertilizer industry was forced to shut down due to the inability to cover the high production cost. The purpose of this study is to analyze the alternative strategy for the urea industry to be more efficient and also produce good quality urea to remain sustainable. This paper will use descriptive analysis based on the Case Study compared to the literature and related references to find the appropriate and well-implemented alternative. Based on the study, several options can be purposed such as retrofitting in ammonia and urea plant mainly in syn-loop and high-pressure section, and by optimizing the feed ratio and process condition.


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Chemical composition and healing properties of immortelle
The flower heads of immortelle are mainly used as soon as they open their aromatic flowers. They are used to prepare tinctures, ointments, teas and drinks that can be used to treat certain pathological conditions in the body. Thanks to the specific chemical composition of immortelle can be used to treat various diseases, but also preventive. In its chemical composition, Immortelle also contains essential oils, not a large percentage, or rather a very small amount of about 0.05 percent, and for these reasons a large amount of dried flowers is needed to extract the essential oil, about a ton per unit liter. This percentage may vary a little and depends on the plant itself and its growth and development, the conditions in which the plant thrives, etc..
Smilje also contains:
Flavonoids-Flavonoids are the main plant pigments responsible for the color of flowers. Translated, flavonoids mean yellow-yellow. They are found in large quantities in strawflowers and are known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, so they are extremely useful for our body. There are more than 6,000 species in nature, and each flavanoid is significant and medicinal. They have a positive effect on the body and are absorbed through teas, essential oils or by eating fresh plants. They are also found in fruits and vegetables.
Flavone – Smilje contains flavone, which can play an important role in eliminating unpleasant conditions in the body, such as: Feeling of tiredness and fatigue, sudden mood swings of various causes, poor sleep or insomnia, stress and nervousness, etc.
Apigenin is a type of flavonoid that is also found in plants, especially immortelle. It is a solid crystalline yellow mass that has healing properties and helps to solve many health problems. They affect the purification of the body, bile, kidneys and bladder. Apigenin is believed to have an anti-cancer effect.
Coumarin-coumarin is a chemical compound responsible for the intoxicating smell of plants. It is found in high concentration in strawflowers. For this reason, Immortelle has a specific, strong and persistent odor, which is not lost even during drying and desiccation of the plant. In pharmacology, coumarin is used in the production of anticoagulants and ointments used to reduce swelling and puffiness. Coumarin also has an appetizing effect, as it is bitter and stimulates the stomach.
Various organic resins and acids
Sitosterol – Belongs to a group of plant sterols that are similar to cholesterol. In naturopathy, it is used to treat conditions such as elevated cholesterol and fat in the blood. Then in the treatment and prevention of certain inflammatory processes in the body, in the problem of benign prostate enlargement, as a support in the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases, etc….
Vitamins K, A, B, C and D
Smilje as a treatment aid
This extremely important role was also discovered by the ancient Greeks, who used immortelle to see wounds and injuries, bites, burns and various skin diseases. For these reasons, for a long time people have been making wound ointments from immortelle, which are widely used in combination with calendula for the treatment of skin and mucous membranes. Various types of scars and old injuries can be successfully removed by rubbing ointment or essential oil of strawflower. Stretch marks, varicose veins, hematomas, burst veins can also be treated in the same way. Skin diseases such as psoriasis, eczema, insect bites and burns. For these reasons, immortelle is of great importance in modern cosmetics, as it is used to make creams against wrinkles and age spots.
Smilje stimulates digestion. It stimulates the work of the stomach and intestines. It accelerates metabolism and digestion. Cleanses the body and helps remove stones from the gallbladder, kidneys and bladder.
Smilje lowers elevated levels of fat in the blood. With Immortelle you will manage to keep your lipid status within the prescribed limits. It also lowers pressure and relieves common migraine headaches.
Smilje is used to treat persistent cough, asthma, bronchitis and various allergies. It also cleanses the lungs and strengthens immunity. Smilje helps to sleep better, calms and relaxes, regenerates the body and refreshes, therefore the tea can be drunk preventively and not only in the mentioned diseases.