:: Scope qualifier misunderstanding.
Discussion in 'C++' started by bardos, Aug 28, 2004.
 1. bardos
 bardos Guest
 Hello, I'm relatively new to C++ so I hope you can help clear up a
 problem. You may well be able to do so before checking the example, so
 don't be put off by the long post :) The problem regards the usage and
 effect of the :: scope qualifier. I'm converting a Java app to C++ and
 need to find the equivalent of using the Java 'super' keyword. This
 executes the 'superclass's constructor (with possibly different
 arguments from the derived constructor). I thought I would do this by
 using the C++ :: operator, to pick the required base constructor from
 within the derived class. Eg,
 DerivedClass::DerivedClass(int x)
 {
 BaseClass::BaseClass(x , NULL, NULL); // Call different
 constructor.
 }
 I was hoping this would set the values in the derived class using the
 base constructor.
 This compiles fine, but any operation carried out in the base class
 seem to have no effect on the dervied class. Does anyone know why this
 is, and how to remedy this? I've enclosed an example.
 The program has 3 classes, base1, base 2 (inherits base 1) and derived
 (inherits base2). Each class has one int (b1,b2 and d respectively).
 Using :: to call methods to set values b1 and b2 in base1 and base2
 has no effect, leaving the values undefines inthe derived class.
 The program outputs -842150451 -842150451 3 for the 3 values, instead
 of the expected 1,2,3.
 I would really appretiate any help with my misunderstanding,
 Regards,
 Steve.
 // EXAMPLE CODE.
 // Base 1 declaration.
 class base1
 {
 public:
 base1(){}; // Default constructor.
 base1(int);
 int b1;
 };
 base1::base1(int i)
 {
 b1 = i;
 }
 // Base 2 declaration, uses base1 as base class.
 class base2 :public base1
 {
 public:
 base2(){}; // Default constructor.
 base2(int);
 int b2;
 };
 base2::base2(int i)
 {
 b2 = i;
 base1::base1(1);
 }
 // Derived class, uses base2 (and therefore class1) as base classes.
 class derived : public base2
 {
 public:
 derived(int);
 int d;
 };
 derived::derived(int i)
 {
 d = i;
 base2::base2(2);
 }
 void main(int argc,char *argv[])
 {
 derived *d;
 d = new derived(3);
 printf("%d %d %d ",d->b1,d->b2,d->d);
 }
 bardos, Aug 28, 2004
 #1
 1. Advertising
 2. Le samedi 28 août 2004 à 09:52:55, bardos a écrit dans comp.lang.c++ :
 > Hello, I'm relatively new to C++ so I hope you can help clear up a
 > problem. You may well be able to do so before checking the example, so
 > don't be put off by the long post :) The problem regards the usage and
 > effect of the :: scope qualifier. I'm converting a Java app to C++ and
 > need to find the equivalent of using the Java 'super' keyword. This
 > executes the 'superclass's constructor (with possibly different
 > arguments from the derived constructor). I thought I would do this by
 > using the C++ :: operator, to pick the required base constructor from
 > within the derived class. Eg,
 >
 > DerivedClass::DerivedClass(int x)
 > {
 > BaseClass::BaseClass(x , NULL, NULL); // Call different
 > constructor.
 > }
 >
 > I was hoping this would set the values in the derived class using the
 > base constructor.
 >
 > This compiles fine, but any operation carried out in the base class
 > seem to have no effect on the dervied class. Does anyone know why this
 > is, and how to remedy this? I've enclosed an example.
 I think you want:
 DerivedClass::DerivedClass(int x)
 : BaseClass(x , NULL, NULL) // Call different constructor.
 {
 // rest of init there.
 }
 derived::derived(int i)
 : base2(2)
 {
 d = i;
 }
 --
 ___________ 2004-08-28 10:22:59
 _/ _ \_'_'_'_) Serge PACCALIN -- sp ad mailclub.net
 \ \_L_) Il faut donc que les hommes commencent
 -'(__) par n'être pas fanatiques pour mériter
 _/___(_) la tolérance. -- Voltaire, 1763
 Serge Paccalin, Aug 28, 2004
 #2
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 3. bardos
 Old Wolf Guest
 bardos <> wrote:
 > I'm converting a Java app to C++ and need to find the equivalent of
 > using the Java 'super' keyword. This executes the 'superclass's
 > constructor (with possibly different arguments from the derived
 > constructor).
 In C++, the base class constructors all get called automatically,
 before the body of the derived class constructor is executed:
 > DerivedClass::DerivedClass(int x)
 > {
 By this point, the base class constructors and the member objects
 have all been initialized already.
 > BaseClass::BaseClass(x , NULL, NULL);
 Actually this creates a new un-named object of type BaseClass,
 which is then destroyed immediately. It is similar to:
 BaseClass foo(x, NULL, NULL);
 > }
 >
 > I was hoping this would set the values in the derived class using the
 > base constructor.
 You need to specify arguments for the base class constructors before
 the opening { of the derived constructor (if you don't, then the default
 constructors will be called). In fact you can specify initialization
 for any member objects and/or base classes at this point:
 DerivedClass::DerivedClass(int x)
 : BaseClass(x, NULL, NULL), member_int(5)
 {
 > // EXAMPLE CODE.
 >
 > class base1
 > {
 > public:
 > base1(){}; // Default constructor.
 This semicolon isn't required (some people would say, the code is
 easier to read without it).
 > base1(int);
 > int b1;
 > };
 >
 > base1::base1(int i)
 > {
 > b1 = i;
 > }
 Preferable is:
 base1::base1(int it)
 : b1(i)
 {
 }
 (Practically speaking, there is no difference, but if 'b1' had been
 a class type with a constructor, then your way would have
 constructed 'b1' with the default constructor first, and then
 assigned 'i' to it: a waste of time).
 > base2::base2(int i)
 > {
 > b2 = i;
 > base1::base1(1);
 > }
 Similarly:
 base2::base2(int i)
 : base1(1), b2(i) {}
 Note that the base classes get initialized before the member objects,
 regardless of what order you list things here, ie. that would have
 been the same as:
 : b2(i), base1(1) {}
 > void main(int argc,char *argv[])
 main() must return an int in C++ (many compilers would refuse to
 compile your example)
 > {
 > derived *d;
 >
 > d = new derived(3);
 > printf("%d %d %d ",d->b1,d->b2,d->d);
 Coming from a Java background you may be unaware that in C++ you
 can create objects with: "Type name(args);" , you should avoid
 using "new" if possible. If you "new" an object you have to
 "delete" it later, but if you create it with the "Type name(args)"
 form, then it is automatically deleted when it goes out of scope.
 Also, C++ programs should end their output with a newline.
 int main()
 {
 derived d(3);
 printf("%d %d %d \n", d.b1, d.b2, d.d);
 // or: std::cout << d.b1 << " " << d.b2 << " " << d.b3 << "\n";
 }
 Old Wolf, Aug 30, 2004
 #3
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text:
Loughborough University study shows the need and impact of Teach Active!
Teach Active are proud to work in partnership with Loughborough University and Professor Lauren Sherar. Working with Loughborough University, and schools across the UK, it is great to see the difference Teach Active is having.Read more
Tool to get more kids in the Middle East active by ditching their desks showcased at this year's GESS show
Schools across the Middle East will be encouraged to ditch the desks as Teach Active makes its debut at GESS Dubai (Stand UK Zone U1 Pod A).Read more

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Kiew, Ruth (1978) Floristic Components of the Ground Flora of a Tropical Lowland Rain Forest at Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak. Pertanika, 1 (2). pp. 112-119.
The floristic components of the ground layer at the Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak, are described. These components are associated with microhabitats. The microhabitats of the riverine system include the shallow stream, rocky banks and banks of larger rivers, and those of the shaded forest include permanently wet areas, rocky litter-free slopes, steep litter covered slopes, surfaces of logs, roots or rocks and the flat well-drained alluvial forest. Possible causes of the uneven distribution of the ground layer species of the flat well-drained alluvial forest are discussed. The species composition of this alluvial forest is compared with other published reports from the Danum Valley, Sabah and Pasoh Forest Reserve Malaya, and with some other lowland forest types such as kerangas and peat swamp forest in Sarawak. The phenomenon of iridescence and variegation of leaves is briefly noted.
|Keyword:||Floristic Components, Ground Layer, Lowland rainforest, Microhabitat, Distribution of tropical Herbaceous plants, Variegated foliage.|
|Faculty or Institute:||Faculty of Environmental Studies|
|Deposited By:||Nur Izyan Mohd Zaki|
|Deposited On:||09 Nov 2009 02:45|
|Last Modified:||27 May 2013 06:58|
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source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Blog Post Grab Bag
Grab Bag Sunday!
The Grab Bag is here, late, but here.
Is Patience a Virtue?
Luke 8: 43-46
Here Virtue heals a woman.
Proverbs 12:4
Here it's a woman who is pure and clean.
2 Peter 1:3-8
Here you add it to your faith.
So, to understand what patience is, you need to understand virtue. All of this explains virtue to be a "pureness" aspect. A woman was purified from touching Jesus' clothes, and it healed her. A pure woman is a crown to her husband. So, what is patience? It's an attribute. Virtue is also an attribute. Attribute's of God. God is Holy. Then having holiness is having the attributes of God. Virtue and Patience are two attributes of God, listed among others.
What were the number of each animal, which went into the ark Noah built?
Genesis 7:2-3
So, seven of every clean beast an and two of every beast not clean.
Does Matthew 28:19 mean there is such thing as a Trinity?
Matthew 28:19
Trinity by definition means three persons. In this verse, it specifically says "name", which is singular. The name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost would then be the same name. This means one name for all of the titles.
Isaiah 9:6
Here, are a few of the other titles which describe the son which is born.
So the answer to the question here is, "No". There is no such thing as Trinity.
I hope everyone has a good Sunday! Leave a comment or send in feedback for what you think!
10 replies on "Grab Bag Sunday!"
In Genesis 7:2, can you expand on the context of clean vs. not clean as it relates to the disparity in the number of each type of animal Noah was asked to house in the Ark?
Thank you for the question Eric! Ok, so this is the first concept of clean vs not clean in the old testament before the law was given to Moses for the Israelites to follow. We can't say for sure whether or not the law which was given to Moses regarding the clean and not clean is the same which follow the animals which boarded the ark. There are tons of references which speak about this, Leviticus 5:2, 7:19, 21, 10:10, 11:4-8, and many more. I use Mantis Bible app for the iPhone, do a search for "unclean" and it shows a whole ton load (158 results in 25 books) in there. The other resource I use is, though I don't use it very much. Mainly for copying and pasting.
There is the belief that Matthew 28:19 is referring to three distinct persons that are of one God. How does this justify the existence or perhaps the non-existence of the Trinity if the Trinity is defined in that context?
Thank you for the second question!
Here is my reply.
TrinÂ·iÂ·tyâ€‚ â€‚
â€"noun, plural -ties for 2, 4.
2. a representation of this in art.
3. Trinity Sunday.
Ok, I will admit I have read somewhere, though I don't know where and apologize I cannot reference the resource, which stated the Trinity meant 3 gods. I also apologize for the misguidance of the post, regarding what the "trinity" is. I will edit it accordingly. This has also been noted in the comment left by KC.
Here is my "amendment". With the definition of Trinity being "three persons" would entail meaning there were 3 difference consciences. If this was so, then it would be three different entities, or thought processes in one God. (Multiple Personality Disorder?) This is the understanding of what I have gained so far. The part of "three persons" being in the bible, I haven't found anywhere. I understand how it can be seen in such a way.
A better way to look at it is, God being manifested in 3 different ways. This way, it is the same God in three different theophanies, or manifestations (1 John 3:8), if you will. This would be contrary to the definition given by Another way to look at this would be: My name is Dakota. A few of my titles are Son, Coworker, and Blogger. Similar way with God, his name is Jesus, he is the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost. Reminder: See also Isaiah 9:6.
In conclusion, there is no evidence of the Trinity by this verse, or any others which I have read. If there are others, then I would be glad to look at them and study them.
I hope this clears some things up. Let me know if there are any loose ends.
The definitions I find for Trinity do not say three gods. Being raised Lutheran, I have always understood the Trinity to be the 3 essences or "persons" of God in one Divine Godhead. None is an independent god. I have never been taught that there were three gods – the Trinity is a simple way of saying 3 in 1.
KC, thank you for the comment! I have addressed this in another reply to Eric. If you wouldn't mind reading it. Thanks for the correction! :)
In Genesis 6:18, God clearly states the people who were authorized to board the Ark. Based on this verse, can one assume that Noah's siblings perished in the flood?
From the scripture below we know only eight souls were saved. All others (including Noah's siblings, if there were any) perished in the flood.
1 Peter 3:20
It also states later on in Chapter 7 the following:
Genesis 7:21-22
Leave a Reply to Eric Cancel reply


Hack This Site: Extended Basic – Mission 3
Hack This Site: Extended Basic – Mission 3
Hello world and welcome back to HaXeZ, thank you for surfing by. This post is a walkthrough of the Hack This Site Extended Basic Mission 3. The purpose of this challenge is to deduce the function of a bespoke programming language's application. A basic understanding of programming and assigning variables is required for this challenge. However, I'm terrible at programming and was still able to solve the challenge.
The Function
As mentioned above, the image below informs the user that the challenge creator has created a bespoke programming language. In order to solve the challenge, we need to walk through the application step by step and determine the output.
Extended Basic – Mission 3
Extended Basic – Mission 3
Therefore, I believe the best method of solving this challenge is to analyse each line individually and identify what it is doing.
The Solution
BEGIN notr.eal
Firstly, the application starts with 'BEGIN notr.eal'. Granted, this appears fairly self-explanatory and denotes the start of the application.
CREATE int AS 2
Secondly, it appears as though the application is creating an integer with the value of 2. However, as with other programming languages, the position of 'CREATE' suggests it is more likely that the integer value of 2 is being assigned to the variable 'CREATE'.
DESTROY int AS 0
Thirdly, the same can be said about the 'DESTROY' variable. This could easily be mistaken for a function of the program. However, since this function isn't previously described in the program, I'm going to assume that an integer value of 0 is being added to the variable 'DESTROY'.
ANS var AS Create + TO
Fourthly, it would appear that the value of the 'create' variable (currently 2) or 'CREATE' as previously written is being add to the 'TO' variable. I'm not too sure about this one but it resulted in the correct answer so my logic (however flawed) seems correct.
out TO
Finally, the value of the 'TO' variable is printed out to the screen. So in this instance the answer should be 2. If you submit that to the submission box then it should solve the challenge.
BEGIN notr.eal /* Starts the program
CREATE int AS 2
/* Adds the integer 2 to variable 'CREATE'
DESTROY int AS 0
/* Adds the integer 0 to variable 'DESTROY'
ANS var AS Create + TO
/* Appears to take the value of variable 'CREATE' and adds to varable 'TO'
out TO
/* Prints the value of 'TO'
Extended Basic Mission 3 – Conclusion
While my explanation might be incorrect, it resulted in the correct answer. Furthermore, I tried to solve the challenge in other ways but wasn't able to. If we break the program down again and look at lines 2 and 3 we could infer that the program is simply creating an integer of 2 and then destroying it. If it destroys the integer then the value of the variable 'TO' would be 0 which is the wrong answer. I've also looked at whether 'AS' could be a variable but we end up with the same result of the value of the variable being destroyed and ending up with 0. There could be something else I'm missing and if you spot it then please let me know. Anyway this was a fun challenge, please check out my other posts in this series ExtBasic1 and ExtBasic2.
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text:
The science behind re:iimmune
Part 1: Hydration.
re:iimmune's balancing electrolytes contain sodium.
Sodium is a key electrolyte in maintaining healthy hydration.
The concentration of sodium inside plasma has to be held to within close limits (132-152 mmol/l) for proper functioning of the body and normally, this sodium concentration is controlled by the renal function (kidneys). However, in a state of dehydration, water is conserved by not urinating, and the sodium regulation cannot work effectively. In a stressed state, such as dehydration, the cells of the intestines are impaired and sodium cannot be effectively absorbed. re:iimmune is an isotonic balancing electrolyte formula designed to help support healthy hydration.
Part 2: Immune support.
Growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestines.
re:iimmune was tested using a Human Gut Simulator 'ARIS' and qPCR Genetic Sequencing. In the research study, re:iimmune consumption was linked to a statistically significant improvement in the growth of beneficial bacteria (p<.001) from baseline. In addition to the beneficial bacteria growth we also saw a decrease in unfavorable bacteria.
Consuming re:iimmune on a daily basis for 10 days can provide intestinal immune support.
Get better, better.
Support yourself! Get better, better.
re:iimmune recovery formula
…and much more for you on our blog:
Eight accomplished community... read more


text:
A Geographic Data Model for Representing Ground Water Systems
Arc Hydro data model, ground water, geographic data model, geographic information system, GIS
The Arc Hydro ground water data model is a geographic data model for representing spatial and temporal ground water information within a geographic information system (GIS). The data model is a standardized representation of ground water systems within a spatial database that provides a public domain template for GIS users to store, document, and analyze commonly used spatial and temporal ground water data sets. This paper describes the data model framework, a simplified version of the complete ground water data model that includes two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional (3D) object classes for representing aquifers, wells, and borehole data, and the 3D geospatial context in which these data exist. The framework data model also includes tabular objects for representing temporal information such as water levels and water quality samples that are related with spatial features.
Original Publication Citation
Strasberg G., D.R. Maidment, N.L. Jones, "A geographic data model for representing ground water systems," Ground Water, Vol. 45, No. 4, July-August 2007, pp. 515-518.
BYU ScholarsArchive Citation
Strassberg, Gil; Maidment, David R.; and Jones, Norm L., "A Geographic Data Model for Representing Ground Water Systems" (2007). Faculty Publications. 4288.
Ira A. Fulton College of Engineering and Technology
Civil and Environmental Engineering
Copyright Use Information


The pitch of a tone is considered to consist of two components: the rectilinear component of height and the circular component of chroma, or pitch class. In an experiment employing simultaneous sequences of Shepard tones, it is shown that tones in different positions on the chroma circle differ in height when generated under the same spectral amplitude envelope. Further, the directions of these differences remain constant when the envelope is centered at different positions along the spectrum, resulting in clear differences in the overall heights of the patterns.
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text:
Copyright © 2000 Sarah Phillips CraftyBaking.com All rights reserved.
- Shortened cakes - should remain 10 minutes in their pans, and then unmolded and optionally, turned upright to the wire cake rack.
Cakes baked in rectangular or square pans, jelly roll/sheet and springform pans: many remain in their pans to cool completely. The warm interior of a cake needs a chance to become firm, so any drastic movements jeopardizes its structure. The cake rack allows even air circulation to prevent condensation and sogginess. A spatula or thin knife can be inserted and moved around the edges of the pan to loosen the cake before unmolding it to the cake rack.
- Unshortened or Foam cakes - Sponge cake: unmolded immediately; Angel food and chiffon cake: suspended upside down until cool
This how to baking technique is used with the Frosted Fresh Cherry Cake Recipe Tutorial.
HOW TO TIPS:
1. Take the cake layers immediately from the oven to a wire cake rack and let them sit for 10 minutes. Loosen the sides with a small metal spatula or sharp knife. Invert onto wire cake rack, peel off parchment paper, if using, and place upright with the support of another wire cake rack to cool completely.
SARAH SAYS: A cake layer is fragile when hot when taken right from the oven and will crack easily and fall apart if unmolded too soon from its pan. Letting it sit for 10 minutes in its pan allows it to cool a bit before unmolding, preventing this from happening. If your cooling rack has short legs and sits close to the countertop, condensation easily forms between the two making the underside of the cake wet. So, prop up your cooling rack by placing a same height glass under each corner. Then air can easily circulate around the cake to cool it and no condensation will form.
2. Unmold the second cake layer.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Describing variants simply, quickly and efficiently
Often electronic data exchange structures of a business process vary only slightly. For example, if a company sends an invoice to customers, the type of information is often basically the same (invoice date, invoice number, etc.). Nevertheless, all individual characteristics of a customer must be taken into account and the EDI infrastructure must be connected precisely and correctly. With hundreds or even thousands of customers, this quickly means considerable additional work in the development, maintenance and implementation of each customer.
For non-XML based structures, such as EDIFACT and other EDI standards, flat files, IDOCs, etc., GEFEG.FX already offered the possibility to describe variants of business processes and structures. Now this is also possible for XML schema guides and, due to the syntax, even easier.
Technical Support for Schema Guides in GEFEG.FX
Usually, GEFEG.FX users have already used XML guides to describe and specify their XML structures. This was easy because the same basic XML structure could be reused in different XML guides and further specified there. However, concrete versions of variants could only be described verbally.
If you want to describe explicit relationships and use cases, variants can be created within the schema guide that describe, for example, the special features of different invoice cases (discounts, means of payment, private customers).
Facilitation for business and technology
In order to present the specified variants in a readable way for every professional user, they can be easily published as HTML and PDF descriptions. This now also applies to the mapping between two formats. The use of variants allows for the greatest possible precision and concrete use cases can be specified in detail by the business user in order to pass them on to the development department as quickly and easily as possible, which then implements them technically.
Massive savings through use in test environments with variants
Wherever later hundreds of implementers have to meet the same specifications, automated processes play a special role even before the established EDI connection is established. For example, when many suppliers are to send uniform invoices to a corporate group. The rules and special features of each process can be translated into ISO Schematron rules, for example. Using the GEFEG portal solution, these rules can be stored online centrally for all suppliers. These suppliers can then independently test for conformity 24/7 according to the agreed application scenarios. This results in considerable time and cost savings on all sides.


functions.
In JavaScript, if a statement is incomplete, like the first line of:
const power = (a) => {
 const
 power = 10;
 return a ** 10;
}
inside the function then the JavaScript interpreter will run the first line together with the second line to get the full statement. So:
const
 power = 10;
is the same as:
const power = 10;
However, for complete statements like return statements, the JavaScript interpreter will treat them as separate lines. So:
return
 a ** 10;
is not the same as:
return a ** 10;
Even though JavaScript is a friendly language, it's still very easy to make mistakes when writing JavaScript code. It's easy to confuse undefined and null when we aren't familiar with JavaScript. Because of the dynamic typing nature of JavaScript, operators like the + operator that can do multiple things can easily be converted to a type we don't expect and produce the wrong result. Also, if statements can be complete on their own, then they shouldn't be written in their own lines if we want both lines to be together.
Yes, that is all. I hope this tutorial will surely help and you if you liked this tutorial, please consider sharing it with others. Thank you !


text:
You've seen plenty of movies and TV shows where a person hyperventilates and is given a paper bag to breathe into. Can wood pulp actually help with hyperventilation? And why do so many doctors want the practice to stop?
The paper bag as a medical device features in everything from old Looney Toons cartoons to big budget movies (albeit mostly romantic comedies). Why are people who start hyperventilating given someone's lunch bag to breathe into? That won't give them the oxygen they need.
And the people do need oxygen. There isn't enough of it getting to their tissues. Unfortunately, hyperventilation isn't going to help. Breathing with too much rapidity is one of those unfortunate responses that seems to short-circuit the body's survival instincts. A person who is hyperventilating has plenty of oxygen in their blood, but it isn't making it to where it needs to go. Blood doesn't just carry oxygen, it carries carbon dioxide, and it needs to carry carbon dioxide. The body responds to the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood. Too little carbon dioxide causes two things to happen. First, there is vasoconstriction, the narrowing of the blood vessels, which chokes off a blood supply to the extremities of the body.
Secondly, there is the matter of blood pH. As it carbon dioxide levels go up, the pH of blood goes down towards the acid end of the pH scale. This stimulates the hemoglobin to release oxygen into the tissues. As carbon dioxide levels go down - as they do when the person hyperventilates - blood pH heads up towards the base end of the scale. This causes the hemoglobin to hang on to its oxygen. So even when blood gets through constricted vessels, it can't deliver as much oxygen to tissues.
The person feels like they're smothering, which they are, and hyperventilates in an attempt to get more oxygen. This decreases the carbon dioxide in their blood even more, and exacerbates the problem. The best way to stop it is to shove a barrier between the sufferer and the open air. By forcing them to rebreathe their exhaled carbon dioxide, it's possible to increase carbon dioxide levels in their blood, and deliver more oxygen to tissues. The paper bag, low-tech as it is, actually does help.
Many doctors, however, are asking that people stop using it. It's not that it's ineffective in treating pure hyperventilation. The problem is, a lot of things trigger hyperventilation. While someone who is panicking can be helped by upping the level of carbon dioxide in their blood, someone who is having a heart attack, or an asthma attack, might be killed by an increase of carbon dioxide. Without knowing the exact cause of the hyperventilation, it can be dangerous to treat it. Perhaps it's better just to hyperventilate for a while — and call a doctor if it doesn't stop.


text:
Fairmont State University's Gaston Caperton Center in Clarksburg played host to the annual Astronomy Day.
Solar System Ambassadors, representatives from NASA, and volunteers hosted children and family members for a day full of activities. Organizers said the hands-on approach is perfect for kids and educational, too.
"Once some people see the rings of Saturn or something like that, it can grab you and hold your attention, and it's a great thing to see kids see some of those things for the first time," said Central Appalachian Astronomy Club Member John Taylor.
The purpose of the event is to communicate the science and excitement of NASA's space exploration missions and discoveries.


text: Eating is the one thing on this list that absolutely can't be avoided. After a satisfying meal, the urge to smoke can be strong. This may be tied to dopamine, like stimulation, since eating a great meal can certainly increase your brain's natural happy drugs. It might also be a way to relax after the relatively taxing activity of eating (sometimes too fast) or the addition of wine with a meal. Most likely, though, it's habitual. Having a smoke after dinner was a socially reinforced habit for many years. Even in modern times, most smokers will wait until the food is cleared before lighting up, just out of politeness, not wanting to mar the smell or taste of the food until everyone is finished. So the enforced wait of dinner only tends to add to a cigarette's appeal, making this time another trigger to be on the lookout for.


text:
Let $F$ be an unramified extension of $Q_2$. How can I compute the Hilbert symbol (a,b) for $a,b \in F^*$. Here, (a,b) is 1 if $ax^2+by^2=z^2$ has a nontrivial solution, and -1 otherwise.
In the case of $F=Q_2$, I can do this by finding representatives of $Q_2^*/(Q_2^*)^2$, and calculating the Hilbert symbol for each possible pair. However, this becomes a bit unmanageable for larger fields $F$. Is there a better way of approaching this?


What Is nPB?
Bromothane is sold in pails and drums"nPB" is an abbreviation for "Normal Propyl Bromide" or "1-bromo-propane" indicated by the CAS #106-94-5 on Safety Data Sheets. It is the active ingredient in the Bromothane™ cleaning fluids made by MicroCare. Based on the element bromine, nPB was selected by MicroCare to be the cornerstone upon which the Bromothane™ family of cleaners is built.
MicroCare chose nPB as a cleaning fluid because:
 - It is a versatile chemical and removers many types of contamination, such as oils, grease and fluxes which helps keep costs down;
 - It's nonflammable;
 - It is easy to re-use and recycle, which protects the environment and keeps costs down;
 - It has just the right combination of chemical physical properties (boiling point, flash point, specific gravity, viscosity, surface tension, etc.) which makes it an excellent cleaner but also easy to recycle and reuse, which keeps costs down.
Compared to flammable solvents like alcohols, or old-style cleaners like CFC-113, HCFC-225, HCFC-141b, TCE, TCA, perc, most aqueous-based cleaning products and many hydrocarbon-based choices, the winner clearly is Bromothane™.


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Can any one tell how much energy can be stored in the a single battery (12v)?
If I want to store 10 kWh of energy then how to calculate the number of batteries required.
power -> energy
kW -> kWh
No, since batteries store energy, not power. Your question makes no sense since the units are wrong. It is like asking what percent interest your wallet holds.
Batteries store energy. Power is energy per time. This also means that energy can be expressed as power times time, like the kiloWatt-hours used to express the electric energy your house consumes during a billing period. Another common measure of energy is the Joule. A Watt (a unit of power) is one Joule per second. A kiloWatt-hour is therefore 3.6 MJ.
Batteries are usually rated in units of current times time. This does not directly tell you how much energy the battery can store, but can be a more useful value in deciding how long a circuit will run from a battery. For example, a car battery might be rated for 50 Ah. That means in theory it could source 50 A continously for 1 hour and then go dead. In practise it's never that simple, and there are various factors that effect battery capacity (the current*time rating), like temperature rate of discharge, previous history, etc.
10 kW from 12V -> 833Amps
10kWh from 12V batteries -> 833Ah capacity
Or seventeen 50Ah car batteries in parallel
Olin's answer is pretty good, but it's worth noting that batteries are rated in amp hours because many factors which affect the amount of voltage a battery can deliver in any particular situation have much less effect on the total amount of charge it will be able to deliver. A battery which would be 90% depleted after delivering 3600 Coulombs (1AH) at 12.0 volts under one set of circumstances would probably be 90% depleted after delivering 3600 Coulombs (1AH) at 10.2 volts, even though in the latter scenario it would have delivered 15% less usable energy.
It's also worth noting that trying to get charge from a battery quickly (i.e. trying to draw large amounts of current) will generally cause the output voltage to sag, reducing the amount of energy delivered per unit of charge consumed, and consequently reducing the total amount of energy one will be able to extract before the battery is depleted. Some batteries exhibit this behavior to a much larger extent than others. A simplified way of thinking about this is to think of a battery as being like a parking lot, with some combination of parking places and travel lanes. A parking lot in which every parking space had its own dedicated lane to the outside could be loaded and unloaded very quickly, but wouldn't be able to accommodate very many cars. A parking lot which crammed cars within a few inches of each other and had no dedicated travel lanes except right at the exit might hold ten times as many cars, but getting cars in and out would be very slow. Most parking lots are, of course, somewhere between those two extremes, but there is still considerable variation.
As people have noted, what is stored is, effectively, energy
Energy is a measure of how much work has been done or can be done.
A car may operate at 40 HP while driving under certain conditions.
If the same car operated for one hour at 40 HP then the energy used is 40 horsepower.hours. We do not usually hear HP.hours mentioned BUT we do hear of kiloatt hours or kWh when measuring electrical energy.
Batteries are often rated in Ampere.hours or Amp.hours or Ah.
The proper units of power (= instantaneous work rate) for a battery is Watts. The proper units of energy (= work done or doable) for a battery is Watt. seconds or Joules.
If we work for one second at a power of one Watt we do 1 Watt second of work or 1 Joule of work and use 1 Joule of energy.
For interest, we do about one Joule of work by lifting 0.1 kg a height of one metre against sea level gravity.
Now - all the above is true [E&OE] but liable to confuse. There is a vast amount about this on the internet. For now
Power = rate of doing work Watts or kiloWatts (1000 Watts = 1 kW.)
1000 Joules = 1 kiloJoule = 1 kJ.
In one hour at one Watt we use 1 W x 3600 s = 3600 Joule = 3.6 kJ
Battery energy = Volts_average x Amp hours capacity = Watt hour capacity.
Battery energy density:
Energy density can be measured in two ways.
Volumetric energy density tells use how many Watt hours can b fitted into 1 litre
How much battery capacity / mass / volume is needed to provide a certain number of Joule can be determined from data for the battery chemistry used.
Table below is somewhat out of date but gives some idea.
Carbon Zinc 9 60-120


text:
Tent is Needed for 4 Plants?
As you may know, grow tents come in a variety of sizes. The size that you need will depend on a few factors, such as the number of plants you want to grow, the type of plants, and the amount of space you have available. In this article, we'll take a look at what size grow tent is needed for 4 plants.
First, let's consider the number of plants. If you're growing 4 plants, then you'll need a minimum of 2 square feet (sf) of plant space. This is because each plant needs at least 1 sf of space to grow properly.
However, if you're growing larger plants or if you want more room between your plants, then you might want to consider getting a 3-4 sf grow tent. Next, let's look at the type of plants you're growing. If you're growing smaller plants like herbs or vegetables, then 2 sf is probably enough space.
But if you're growing larger plants like trees or shrubs, then you'll need more space – at least 3-4 sf. Finally, consider the amount of space you have available. If you have a small room or closet that can't accommodate a largegrow tent , then obviously your only option is to get a smaller one.
But if you have plenty of room to spare, then there's no reason not to get a bigger tent so that your plants have more room to grow! So thereyou have it – everythingyou needto know about what sizegrowtentisneededfor4plants . Just keep these factors in mind and choose the size that best suits your needs and situation .
Do You Leave Fans on 24/7 in Grow Tent?
No, you should not leave fans on 24/7 in grow tent. The purpose of a fan is to circulate air and keep the grow tent environment from getting too humid. If the fan is left on constantly, it will dry out the plants and possibly damage them.
You can, in fact, connect two grow tents together and many growers do so in order to create a larger growing space. There are a few things to keep in mind when connecting two tents together, however. First, you'll want to make sure that the connection is airtight so that no light or heat escapes.
Second, you'll need to account for the weight of the additional equipment and plants by reinforce the frame of the tent(s). Finally, be mindful of where you place any fans or other ventilation devices so that they evenly distribute air throughout both tents. With a little bit of planning, you can easily connect two grow tents together to create one large growing space.


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The Q2Roller® Lateral Turning Device comprises two breathable inflatable chambers to facilitate easy and efficient lateral patient turning.
Frequent turning and positioning is critical for bed-bound patients, yet it is often challenging for caregivers to manage these patient handling tasks that require significant time and physical effort. To address these concerns, HoverTech designed the Q2Roller Lateral Turning Device for easy and efficient lateral patient turning. The Q2Roller comprises two inflatable chambers that are controlled by the clinician to achieve optimal positioning for patient care and pressure relief from bony prominences. By eliminating the need for manual lifting, the Q2Roller protects both the staff from injury and the patient from friction and shearing associated with traditional repositioning methods.
Benefits of the Q2Roller include:
- Adjustable chambers provide flexible positioning for hygiene and wound care applications
- Quick release valves allow for rapid deflation of turning chambers
- Breathable fabric prevents moisture build-up and enhances patient comfort
- Disposable device eliminates the need for reprocessing and reduces potential for cross contamination
- Variable speed air supply allows caregiver to control inflation for patient safety and comfort


2010 USAMO Problems
Day 1
Problem 1
Let $AXYZB$ be a convex pentagon inscribed in a semicircle of diameter $AB$. Denote by $P$, $Q$, $R$, $S$ the feet of the perpendiculars from $Y$ onto lines $AX$, $BX$, $AZ$, $BZ$, respectively. Prove that the acute angle formed by lines $PQ$ and $RS$ is half the size of $\angle XOZ$, where $O$ is the midpoint of segment $AB$.
Problem 2
There are $n$ students standing in a circle, one behind the other. The students have heights $h_1


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|Jul29-06, 08:44 AM||#1|
Question on light intensity at the focus of a lens.
From using a magnifying lens under the Sun, I gather it can focus all or most of the light impinging on its surface area to a small spot and that is how it is able to create a greater intensity light at its focus (disregarding absorption in the lens.) Correct? What portion of the total light falling on the lens would be delivered to the focal spot ignoring absorption?
This would be true no matter how far away the focal point. So the normal dimunition of intensity by the square of distance would not apply. So for example if you had a lens of focal distance 1 AU and put this lens right next to the Sun and directed the lens to shine toward the Earth, the full intensity of the Sun at its surface could be delivered to the Earth. True?
In a more realistic scenario if you put the lens some ten to hundreds of thousands of kilometers away from the Sun's surface so it could survive the heating then the intensity delivered to the Earth would still be many times the Sun's normal intensity at the Earth. So for example taking 1 AU as about 150,000,000 km, if we made the focus of the lens be 1 AU and put it 150,000 km from the Sun. Then the intensity of the light at the surface of the lens would be 1000^2 = 1,000,000 (one million) times greater than that normally at the Earth.
The lens would deliver all or a large portion of the light falling on it to the focal spot on the Earth. If the area of this spot was 1/1000th that of the area of the lens, then the intensity at the focal spot would then be 1,000,000,000 (one billion) times the intensity normally at the Earth.
The intensification of the light at the focus is familiar with a convergent lens, such as with a magnifying lens. But if you had a diverging lens so the focal spot was larger than the lens then the intensity would be less than at the surface of the lens. But the total amount of light delivered to the focal spot would still be all or a large portion of that falling on the surface of the lens. And this would still be true no matter how far is the focal length. Correct?
|Jul29-06, 10:21 AM||#2|
|Jul30-06, 07:44 PM||#3|
You can do a sort of sanity check type of experiment by testing this with an ordinary light bulb as a light source. There is no question that, by moving the lens closer to the source, you can capture more light, BUT you can't focus it as tightly with a longer focal length lens. These are the types of interplays you can test.
Finally I will remark that acheiving intesities 1 billion times greater than normal sunlight at the Earths surface is actually not that significant when you consider that high powered lasers can acheive peak intensities at and above this level.
Nonetheless an interesting thought experiment.
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Prostitution has existed in Bahrain for many years and the British Agency Annual Reports include data on this topic. There was an increase in prostitution reported between 1926 and 1937 in the British reports. A number of foreigners earning good pay came to Bahrain from Persia, Iraq, and India without their families, and this caused an increase in prostitution which is a matter of supply and demand.
The history of prostitution in Bahrain since World War I has been discussed in various sources. Designated brothel areas were established (Rumaihi, 1976:193). There was formerly a section of west Manama, between Naim and the Police Fort, known as Gubla and an area in Muharraq known as Al Grandol. There were brothels in these areas with female prostitutes, and the male prostitutes were almost as numerous as women. A February 8, 1937, court decree ordered that prostitutes should live and work only in these two designated places. Prostitutes living or working elsewhere would be deported. The court ruling also ordered the deportation of those highly professional prostitutes. The female prostitutes were predominantly from Persia, Iraq, and Oman, with Persians commanding the highest prices, then Iraqis and Omanis respectively. The female prostitutes were all known as Daughters of the Wind according to Belgrave (1960); Bahraini informants report they were known as Daughters of Love.
The male prostitutes were chiefly Omani boys (Belgrave, 1960). All the Omani men did not live in this area, as some also lived with families who could afford their services. Later, there were Bahraini women who were the children of former slaves also working in these areas, while Belgrave notes the presence of foreign women who had become Bahrain subjects by the simple expedient of marrying Bahrainis (1960). Among these various groups of women, some were divorced, more commonly they were poor, and a few married women did it for the money or even pleasure. The brothels themselves were attended by men of all socioeconomic classes and ethnic groups.
Bahrainis now in their early forties or older all reported a range of knowledge regarding this topic and the location of the districts. Some knew of such a former Red Light district, but they were not sure where it was exactly. Some said they used to visit it with their parents while on business trips, for example, to collect rent. Others reported they visited the area because it was where all the action was. One informant said he collected bottles and cans for recycling and used the money to visit the ladies. Another informant reported she was very young, but she remembered seeing a man with a young boy. When she asked her mother why the man had the young boy, her mother answered he is married to him.
The term Grandal is still used in another context by elderly people to describe or comment on an individual whose behavior is loose according to preferred standards. Such a woman is called a Grandal, or it is said she is acting like a Grandal. Older people listening understand the connotations of the term. The areas designated for prostitutes started to decline in the early 1970s, and prostitution activities became more dispersed throughout the country with the opening of hotels. Still, women reportedly can still be seen standing in doorways in the old Gubla area in Manama.
Various reasons are given for the decline of this area in town and the recent changes seen in prostitution patterns. First, in the early 1970s, there were major political and economic changes seen in Oman. The current Sultan deposed his father and began investing millions of rivals in major infrastructure improvements in the country. There was an improvement in job opportunities, so many Omanis returned home. Second, the local, economic development of the 1970s due to the boom in oil prices resulted in the building of many new apartment blocks so there were flats (apartments) available in many parts of the city. Also the British military wanted flats and villas in which to live, so there was a building boom, and then Bahrainis moved into these dwellings also (Taki, 1974). People could have more privacy away from their families. Third, the economic boom of the 1970s also meant people had more disposable income and could afford extras like paying for a small flat or small villa. Fourth, the economic boom of the 1970s resulted in an increase of expatriate laborers between 20 and 50 years of age, including those from the Philippines and Sri Lanka. These two groups, all informants state, are highly involved in prostitution in Bahrain. Some Filipinas are paid a monthly salary or gifts of sometimes up to BD400 (US$1,000) or more by their male friend. Because of the low opinion of Filipinas in general, women with families and even elderly women over 60 report being approached directly or indirectly for prostitution (money is brushed on their arm or flashed so they can see it). Finally, after Bahrain gained full independence from the United Kingdom in 1971, U.K. residents were granted special visa privileges, i.e., no visa was required for the first three months of entry. Many U.K. residents came to Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates in the Gulf looking for jobs and employment opportunities. Some of the British women found jobs, others sponsors, and others travel between Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates and are seen frequenting the hotels working as prostitutes. This visa law was changed in 1996, and a visa is now required for U.K. residents due to reciprocal changes instituted by the European Union.
After the opening of the Saudi Causeway in late 1986, local women experienced many problems while they were walking on the streets, in shopping malls, or attending parties in hotels. The Causeway also led to an increase in the number of incidents reported by women who said they or their friends were approached by Saudis. Western women with their children reported being approached in shopping malls by Saudi men and being offered money for their services. Bahraini women, because of the problems, began avoiding hotels even for wedding parties on Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays to prevent such situations from occurring. Women working in public areas in Government buildings are given hotel phone numbers by Saudis, and many have requested job changes to less public areas as a consequence. These situations were predicted by Wilsher in 1982, and reflect an expansion of the prostitution activities described by Faroughy (1951:20) who stated that prostitution forbidden in Saudi Arabia has greatly increased under the complacent eyes of the authorities and Bahrein has become a kind of pleasure island.
Solicitation for prostitution is quite open. Expatriate men report being approached by women in hotels and shopping malls. One first-time consultant visitor from the U.S.A. in 1989 was invited to look at a photo album of women by a taxi driver, taking him from the airport to his business appointment. The visitor reported being absolutely amazed to see this in a strict religious country. A Filipino man attending a hotel disco with a group of friends approached a Western woman and asked for a dance and was told you cannot afford me.
The nationality of female prostitutes has changed through the 1980s and 1990s. During the 1980s, Filipinas could be seen going off with men they picked up, even while in family pizza restaurants. Sri Lankans were available on certain streets in various areas of Manama. Also there continues to be a main street in Adliya commonly referred to as the meat market where Filipinas walk about at night. New nationalities of prostitutes have been seen during the 1990s. Since the breakdown of Communism, Russians began traveling freely to the Gulf. Many came to Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates for shopping, and there was a billion dollars in Russian trade for the United Arab Emirates during 1995 alone. Some of the women also came to sell small items, while others came as prostitutes. Russian women were available in some of the expensive hotel restaurants frequented by Saudis, outside twoand three-star hotels and other restaurants frequented by other tourists. Many of them advertised their services for BD20 ($53) dollars by holding up two fingers. One informant asked to see the C.P.R. (Central Population Registry) residence cards of Russian women outside an expensive restaurant. They had current C.P.R. cards and their profession was listed as business. By the summer of 1996, Bosnian female prostitutes were reportedly working out of one of the mid-size hotels. These women usually asked for the equivalent of BD25-50 or a gift such as a watch if money was not available. Adolescent Ethiopian prostitutes have been seen on the Exhibition Road area with pagers.
Prostitution is not illegal in Bahrain, and it must be mentioned that solicitation for prostitution is not as blatant in Bahrain as that seen in Abu Dhabi where women constantly walk up to men standing alone on the street, or while waiting for transport.
All pornographic materials are strictly prohibited by law and are confiscated by customs officials if detected. Most, if not all, expatriates coming to Bahrain are told that three items are strictly prohibited, i.e., pornography, items on the Israeli boycott list or made in Israel, and cultured pearls. The latter two classes of items are seen, however. Cultured pearls are not to be sold in Bahrain, but are worn, and the boycott list has changed since the Gulf War.
Pornography is available in Bahrain, e.g., magazines, as they are not picked up by security upon arrival as easily as metal items (by the metal detector), or drugs (by drug sniffing dogs) or computer diskettes containing pornography. All videos are viewed by customs agents at the airport upon arrival; others are retained and can be


text: Canyon wrens inhabit cliffs at all elevations. The population trend of these nongame birds is unknown. Nests are cups of twigs or moss built in rock crevices or buildings. Canyon wrens nest from April through July. The female incubates the eggs for 12 days. Fledging occurs after an additional 13 days. Nests will be reused each year. These birds are insectivorous.


text:
LPL Outline README
- Provides the necessary data for Visual Studio Code to fill in the Outline panel and breadcrumbs bar for *.busclass files
- Navigate the code using the outline tree or the breadcrumbs bar.
- Jump to the definition of actions, classes, relations, parameters, etc.
- See definitions of fields and paramters, etc., when hovering over them
- Get warnings about persistent fields missing from import classes
Tip: The breadcrumbs bar is particularly useful in tracking (displaying) your current location within the file too.
This extension relies on the Infor LPL Language Server extension already being installed because that declares the busclass file type.
deep: (default) Includes all implemented levels of detail
shallow: Excludes detail within individual Actions. This is useful in VS Code version 1.31 because the number of symbols in the tree is limited to 7500, and some large files exceed that.
- Code parsing is imperfect, so jump to definition and hover text is not always accurate or available
- The ability to see a list of all definitions of a parameter or field referenced in the various contexts of a rule block is not implemented (yet).
See change log for complete history.
0.1.8 - 2021-05-19
- Key fields are now reported as missing from import classes if they are not listed and _USER_=Exclude is not specified on the.keyfield line 1.
- Declarations of the form "Field is Alpha up to 20" are now parsed properly.
- Warning messages about missing import fields will exclude entire import business classes with _USER_=Exclude on line 1.
- Associating an Import class to the corresponding main business class will now also look for "include FillInFields" to identify an invoke referring to the main business class.
- Relative keys are now identified as fields and can report warnings if missing from imports and not marked with _USER_=Exclude.
The code for this extension is hosted at GitHub


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A PDF Form is a standard PDF document that contains Form Fields. These form fields are placed onto the PDF document using Acrobat 5, Acrobat 6 Professional or Adobe Designer and saved as a normal PDF document.
Just like their HTML counterpart PDF Forms allow the author to capture information from users by way of submitting the entered forms data.
Currently the following PDF Forms fields are available:
There are several major differences between HTML forms and PDF Forms:
HTML forms require a web browser, PDF forms require Acrobat or Adobe Reader to be filled out.
PDF Forms require Adobe Acrobat or Adobe Designer for their creation, anyone with Notepad and a web browser can create/view HTML forms.
Entered data in a HTML form is generally not saved for later use, the data is submitted to an online process. PDF Forms can save their data to various formats locally1 for later processing online or viewing in Acrobat/Reader.
To prefill a HTML form requires the construction of the entire HTML document, to prefill a PDF Form an FDF file can be constructed and later used to open the PDF with its form field data prefilled.
In a HTML form the data and structure are the same, PDF Forms have a separation between the form fields structure and its data.
Construction of a HTML form is far simpler than a PDF form due to the underlying structures of HTML and PDF.
What is FDF?
The Forms Data Format is a standard way to represent form field data. FDF files are based on PDF and have the same syntax and basic object types as PDF except an FDF doesn't need to have a Cross Reference Table.
The Forms Data Format is defined and described within the Portable Document Format specification (link), under the section for Interactive Features>Interactive Forms. It's here that you can become intimate with the inner workings, tags, objects and technical information needed to build, parse and understand FDF.
Below is an example FDF file, it describes the form fields, their properties and of course the form field data.
FDF files are not complex to create; they are text and follow a very logical structure. However when you need to programmatically creates a lot of FDF files it's useful to have a library to perform these tasks; enter the Forms Data Format Toolkit.
As mentioned the FDF Toolkit isn't something you must have to develop or parse FDF files, it does however make life a lot simpler by automating the mundane tasks of reading and writing FDF content.
There are three flavors; Unix, Java and Windows and two versions of the FDF Toolkit available from Adobe; Version 5 and Version 6.
The Unix version of the FDF Toolkit provides wrappers for C and Perl, Windows has ActiveX, Perl and C support and the Java FDF library provides classes for Servlets, JSP and J2SE/Desktop applications.
Why Use PDF Forms
There are two main reasons to use PDF Forms. The first is the Forms Data Format (FDF) and the second reason is the ability to submit entered data in one of 5 different formats.
By providing a way to abstract the entered data from the form design it allows designers and developers the opportunity to separate two disparate functions: Design and Content.
For example an online travel shop could provide dynamic quotes from a database as an FDF file and subsequently have this loaded into a standard PDF quoting template. No special user software is required - only (at a minimum) Reader.
Entered form field data can be sent to a backend process in one of the following five formats:
URL Encoded Format. This is the most common format for browsers. [application/x-www-form-urlencoded]
Multipart/form-data. If you have ever uploaded a file to a web server this is the format it is sent as. [multipart/form-data]
Forms Data Format (FDF). Essentially in the same format as you would build an FDF, this format is specific to Acrobat. [application/vnd.fdf]
XFDF format. This is an XML-encoded version of FDF. Form Data is sent represented hierarchically. [application/vnd.adobe.xfdf]
PDF format. Send the whole document in its entirety. [application/pdf]
This provides the developer with the greatest possible chance for easy integration into existing backend processes.
For example it's possible to place into a Form Field a validation script, calculation script and keystroke script effectively trapping the users wrong input, adding automatically and ensuring only the correct characters are entered.
How to Develop PDF Forms
There are currently three key Adobe tools that provide Forms authoring capabilities. Acrobat v6 Professional, Acrobat v5 and Designer. Despite its name the FDF Toolkit cannot generate form fields, it can purely describe the field name that the Data belongs to.
Adobe's latest Form tool, Designer is able to generate (automatically) PDF Forms based on Database Schema, XML Schema's and even other PDF Forms. It can have very tight integration with XML data structures providing a seamless end-to-end process for designing, validating and storing user entered data. Along with these new development abilities it's now possible to integrate PDF Forms into your pre-existing Web Services.
Where Are They Used?
The largest producer/consumer of PDF Forms that I have found is the United States Internal Revenue Service (IRS), as a rough count they have over 800 PDF forms in use today (_URL_).
In this article we looked at what a PDF form is, roughly what they look like and also how they can be generated. The next step is to look at specific examples of how they can be used in a real way.
OK, so you want to stamp your document. Maybe you need to give reviewers some advice about the document's status or sensitivity. This tip from author Ted Padova demonstrates how to add stamps with the Stamp Tool along with related comments.


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Let $(X,L)$ be a polarized abelian variety over $k=\overline{k}$, and let $K(L)$ be the kernel of the isogeny $X\to X^\vee$ that sends $x$ to $t_x^*L\otimes L^{-1}$. The theta group $\mathscr{G}(L)$ of $(X,L)$ is a central extension $$0\to k^\times\to\mathscr{G}(L)\to K(L)\to0.$$ Now, $\mathscr{G}(L)$ acts on $H^0(X,L)$, and we get an irreducible representation $$\mathscr{G}(L)\to \mbox{GL}(H^0(X,L)),$$ which can be seen to descend to a projective representation $K(L)\to\mbox{PGL}(h^0(L)-1,k)$. The nice thing about this projective representation is that, if $\varphi:X\to\mathbb{P}^{h^0(L)-1}$ is the map associated to $|L|$, then for all $z\in K(L)$ and $x\in X$, we have that $z\cdot\varphi(x)=\varphi(x+z)$. Using this, it is easily verified that $\mbox{span}\{\varphi(K(L))\}$ is all $\mathbb{P}^{h^0(L)-1}$.
We have that $K(L)=K_1\oplus K_2$, where $K_2$ is the symplectic complement to $K_1$ using the Weil pairing.
My question is the following: Is it true that the projective representation restricted to $K_1$ (or $K_2$) is also irreducible? Put into other terms, is the linear span of $\varphi(K_1)$ all of $\mathbb{P}^{h^0(L)-1}$?
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2 Answers 2
up vote 3 down vote accepted
I think the answer is no due to the following counterexample (there might be a mistake somewhere though):
Take an elliptic curve $X$ with $L = O_X(3P_0)$ (characteristic $\neq 2, 3$), then $K$ will be the $3$-torsion subgroup and $K_1$ will be generated by a $3$-torsion point $P$. Then in the embedding by $|L|$ of $X$ in $\mathbb{P}^2$, the points $P$, $-P$ and $P_0$ are collinear, that is, $K_1$ is mapped to a lower-dimensional linear subspace.
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Yes, you're right. Great example. Thanks! – rfauffar Feb 8 '13 at 4:09
If I understand correctly, $K_1$ and $K_2$ are (mutually orthogonal maximal) isotropic subgroups of $K(L)$. Therefore they both can be lifted (non-canonically) to (finite) commutative (sic!) subgroups of the theta group. In particular, the restriction of the projective representation of $K(L)$ to $K_i$ is actually a projectivization of a certain linear representation of finite commutative $K_i$ in $H^0(X,L)$. Since a linear representation of such groups is irreducible if and only if it is one-dimensional, we get a negative answer to your question (unless $H^0(X,L)$ has dimension 1, i.e. $L$ defines a principal polarization).
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Now, I'm not asking necessarily when the linear representation of $K_i$ es irreducible (since by what you said, $L$ would have to be a principal polarization), but when the projective representation is irreducible; i.e., the group doesn't fix any projective linear space of $\mathbb{P}H^0(L)$... – rfauffar Feb 10 '13 at 4:04
The answer is the same: iff the polarization is principal. If it is not principal then one may take the projectivization $P(W)$ of any proper nonzero $K_i$-invariant vector subspace $W$ of $H^0(X,L)$; this $P(W)$ is $K_i$-stable. – Yuri Zarhin Feb 15 '13 at 17:07
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text:
Wollemi rock art shows Aboriginal Dreaming
Archaeologists surveying rugged bushland outside Sydney have discovered evidence that an ancient Aboriginal Dreaming track runs through wilderness where the Jurassic-era Wollemi Pine was found.
Dreaming tracks record the journey of spirit ancestors as they moved through the landscape, transforming ancestral lands and laying down the laws.
Around 1000 known tracks are believed to exist, mainly in central and northern Australia, says Professor Paul Tašon of Griffith University, whose work was presented at an archaeology conference in Western Australia this week.
Tašon says a survey of Wollemi National Park west of Sydney, beginning in September 2004, has found numerous paintings and engravings.
"We found dozens of previously unrecorded rock art sites," he says.
"It appears that a traditional Aboriginal travel route, possibly a Dreaming track, runs across Wollemi National Park."
He says the rock art evidence suggests that there must once have been Dreaming tracks across southeast Australia as significant and detailed as those in the north and centre.
The finding is also reported in the International Newsletter of Rock Art.
Probing the wilderness
The discovery comes after Tašon and his team announced in 2003 they had discovered more than 200 rock paintings in an undisclosed rock shelter deep in the Wollemi wilderness.
Some areas were so remote they were only accessible by helicopter.
The sites represent the most well-preserved and extensive drawing and stencil sites in southeastern Australia, Tašon says.
They are believed to be as old as 4000 years and many represent birds, or human-bird hybrids, which is unusual for Aboriginal art but probably reflected the area's rich bird life.
At the time it was hailed as a major find, but since then Tašon and colleagues, including members of local Aboriginal communities, have made more startling discoveries suggesting the area has major cultural significance.
Major cultural significance
"We've been working on the eastern and western sides of the central portion of Wollemi National Park and we've been finding some key sites on each side which show influences from several different directions," he says.
"For example some of the art which is more typical of the western side is found in the east and vice versa.
"It looks like this is a path that people used and marked for many thousands of years."
Tašon says the sites will remain secret but will be documented for posterity.
His team will begin new fieldwork in the area next April.
The world-famous Wollemi pine was discovered in the area in 1994 after having been thought extinct for millions of years.


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Modern day limnology and palaeolimnology of lakes in the Framnes Mountains and Stillwell HillsEntry ID: ASAC_2509
Abstract: Metadata record for data from ASAC Project 2509
See the link below for public details on this project.
This project studied the limnology of lakes in the Framnes Mountains and Stillwell Hills near Mawson Station. Present-day chemical, biological and physical characteristics of the lakes were measured, and sediment cores were collected to determine how the lake environments have developed since ... the lakes were formed.
Data were collected with a Hydrolab 4 profiler.
Given for each lake is the date of sampling, the location of the sampling site, and the thickness of the ice.
Profiles of temperature (degrees C), pH, conductivity (microS/cm - microsiemens per centimetre), concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO, unit mg/L) and the percentage saturation of dissolved oxygen are given below.
The zero point for all the profile was the water level in the hole through the ice.
The fields in this dataset are:
Ice Thickness (m)
Water Temperature (degrees C)
Dissolved Oxygen concentration
Dissolved Oxygen saturation
Data Set Citation
Dataset Originator/Creator: Gibson, J.A.E.
Dataset Title: Modern day limnology and palaeolimnology of lakes in the Framnes Mountains and Stillwell Hills
Dataset Series Name: CAASM Metadata
Dataset Release Date: 2016-04-30
Dataset Publisher: Australian Antarctic Data Centre
Dataset DOI: doi:10.4225/15/574BC23AC70FAOnline Resource: _URL_
Start Date: 2004-12-24Stop Date: 2005-01-29
TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > SURFACE WATER > SURFACE WATER FEATURES > LAKES/RESERVOIRS
TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > SURFACE WATER > SURFACE WATER PROCESSES/MEASUREMENTS > WATER DEPTH
TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > WATER QUALITY/WATER CHEMISTRY > CONDUCTIVITY
TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > WATER QUALITY/WATER CHEMISTRY > DISSOLVED GASES
TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > WATER QUALITY/WATER CHEMISTRY > OXYGEN
TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > WATER QUALITY/WATER CHEMISTRY > PH
TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > WATER QUALITY/WATER CHEMISTRY > WATER TEMPERATURE
Access Constraints The data are publicly available for download from the provided URL.
Use Constraints This data set conforms to the PICCCBY Attribution License (_URL_
Please follow instructions listed in the citation reference provided at _URL_ when using these data.
Data Set Progress
Distribution Media: HTTP
Distribution Size: 19 kb
Distribution Format: pdf
Extended Metadata Properties
(Click to view more)
Creation and Review Dates
DIF Creation Date: 2005-03-02
Last DIF Revision Date: 2017-08-24


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Locally Efficient Estimation with Current Status Data and Time-Dependent Covariates
In biostatistical applications interest often focuses on the estimation of the distribution of a failure time-variable T. If one only observes whether or not T exceeds an observed monitoring time C, then the data structure is called current status data, also known as interval censored data, case I. We extend the data structure by allowing the presence of a possibly time-dependent covariate process which is observed up till the monitoring time C. We follow the approach of Robins and Rotnitzky (1992) by modeling the hazard of C conditional on the failure time-variable and the covariate-process, i.e. the missingness or censoring process, under the restriction that the missingness (monitoring) process satisfies coarsening at random. Because of the curse of dimensionality no globally efficient nonparametric estimators with a good practical performance at moderate sample sizes exist. We introduce an inverse probability of censoring weighted estimator of the distribution of T and of smooth functionals of this distribution of T which are guaranteed to be consistent and asymptotically normal if we have available a correctly specified parametric or semiparametric model for the missingness process. Furthermore, given a correctly specified model for the missingness process, we propose a locally efficient one-step estimator whose asymptotic variance attains the efficiency bound, if we can correctly specify a lower-dimensional model for the conditional distribution of T given the covariates. The estimator remains consistent and asymptotically normal even if this latter submodel is misspecified. We conclude with a simulation experiment and a data analysis.
Longitudinal Data Analysis and Time Series | Statistical Methodology | Statistical Models | Statistical Theory | Survival Analysis
van der Laan, Mark J. and Robins, James M., "Locally Efficient Estimation with Current Status Data and Time-Dependent Covariates" (May 1997). U.C. Berkeley Division of Biostatistics Working Paper Series. Working Paper 64.
This document is currently not available here.


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Japan's National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) has developed a CIGS solar panel that prevents potential induced degradation (PID).
PID lowers power generation capacity at mega-solar (large-scale solar) power plants, etc. The development was announced March 18, 2014.
For the new CIGS solar panel, AIST employed an ionomer resin, which is made by adding a small number of metal ions to an interpolymer of ethylene and methacrylic acid to form bridges between molecules, as a sealing material instead of EVA.
In its own experiment, AIST found that CIGS solar panels are more resistant to PID than silicon-based solar panels. In addition, it succeeded in further improving PID resistance by using an ionomer resin, which has a high volume resistivity, as a sealing material.


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New Study Takes First Steps to Improve the Quality of Health Care for Chronically Ill Children
November 15, 2010
Data mining method helps hospitals better identify needs of their sickest patients and could reduce health care costs
Children with chronic health conditions such as cystic fibrosis, type 1 diabetes, sickle cell diseases and cerebral palsy represent less than two percent of the population but can consume more than 50 percent of resources at children's hospitals throughout the country. Coordinating care for these children has historically been difficult because hospitals have varying methods to identify them in their systems. In a new study led by John Neff, MD, of Seattle Children's Research Institute, researchers developed a unique method to identify children with serious lifelong chronic conditions using hospital discharge data that will enable children's hospitals to improve the quality of care for these patients and reduce costs. The study, "Identifying Children with Lifelong Chronic Conditions for Care Coordination Using Hospital Discharge Data," published online November 15 in Academic Pediatrics. (For a full copy of the study, please contact the media contact listed below or Academic Pediatrics.)
"In the long run, if we can identify these children, their cost patterns and needs, hospitals can then work with the state and health plans to provide support for the care coordination that they need. This should result in better quality of care and hopefully lower costs for these children," said Dr. Neff, clinical director at The Center for Children with Special Needs at Seattle Children's Hospital.
"One of the big barriers in the past is that hospitals have not known who their patient population is and have not been able to systematically identify them," added Neff. "Categorizing children with complex or multiple chronic conditions is particularly difficult because of the general infrequency and variable nature of their conditions. Because hospitals haven't had a reliable method to identify these patients, they haven't been able to effectively coordinate their care or know the cost implications to their own hospital."
Findings suggest that children with lifelong chronic conditions require a disproportionate share of resources in children's hospitals and when measured over several years are likely to accrue a high percentage of health costs. The study reviewed one hospital's records from 2007; these children represented 41.1 percent of Seattle Children's Hospital total patients and 71.4 percent of patient days.
Neff and co-investigators combined the use of hospital discharge data from Seattle Children's Hospital and its primary care clinic, Odessa Brown Children's Clinic (OBCC) over seven years from 2001 through 2007. They selected patients whose primary care occurred at OBCC and hospitalization and emergency department care were likely to be at Children's. Using Clinical Risk Groups (CRGs) software to analyze the data - CRGs is a risk adjustment method that has been used with health plan data to identify and stratify individuals into condition and severity groups, but has not previously been used to analyze patients in hospital discharge data - patient information was classified according to complexity of diseases and primary chronic conditions. That data was merged with hospital discharge data to identify what hospital services those patients used.
As a result of this data and methodology, Seattle Children's Hospital is launching a study that will examine how to improve the coordination of care for patients with lifelong chronic conditions, decrease their need for hospitalization and improve their quality of life. The study will follow approximately 600 of these medically complex patients for two years in a clinic that will work with patients' primary care providers to develop care plans and other interventions to improve their care and reduce the need for hospitalization.
"This will be the most comprehensive study of its kind," said Mark Del Beccaro, MD, pediatrician-in-chief at Seattle Children's Hospital. "If we succeed in showing we can improve care and lower costs for the patients and their families, this will also have tremendous implications nationally as these most complex and fragile of patients utilize a significant portion of health care expenditures in every community and state."
Neff's study collaborators were Seattle Children's Holly Clifton, MPH, Kathleen J. Park, MD, MPH, Caren Goldenberg, MPH, Jean Popalisky, DNP, RN, James W. Stout MD, MPH, and Benjamin S. Danielson, MD.
About Seattle Children's Research Institute
Located in downtown Seattle's biotech corridor, Seattle Children's Research Institute is pushing the boundaries of medical research to find cures for pediatric diseases and improve outcomes for children all over the world. Internationally recognized investigators and staff at the research institute are advancing new discoveries in cancer, genetics, immunology, pathology, infectious disease, injury prevention and bioethics, among others. As part of Seattle Children's Hospital, the research institute brings together leading minds in pediatric research to provide patients with the best care possible. Seattle Children's serves as the primary teaching, clinical and research site for the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Washington School of Medicine, which consistently ranks as one of the best pediatric departments in the country. For more information, visit _URL_


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The role of achievement motivation in the relationship between athletic and academic achievement
The connection between sports participation and academic achievement was investigated with a primary focus on the role that motivation plays in this relationship. Female high school student-athletes, who have been underrepresented in sports psychology literature in the past served as participants. The School Attitude Measure and the Sport Orientation Questionnaire were administered to 70 athletes defined as students who participate in one or more sport programs, and non-athletes defined as students who do not participate in a sports program. Grade Point Averages and Coaches Rating Scales were also employed in this study to determine levels of achievement motivation in academic and athletic areas. A Path Analytic procedure was implemented. Path analysis is a form of multiple regression analysis that uses path diagrams to guide problem conceptualization or to test complex hypotheses. This type of analysis allows one to calculate the direct and indirect influence of independent variables on a dependent variable.^ Athletic participation and academic achievement were positively correlated (p $<$.01). Athletic Achievement and Academic Achievement were not significantly associated, but athletic achievement was positively related to Sport Motivation (p $<$.05), and Academic Motivation (p $<$.05). Additionally, the athlete group had a significantly higher overall GPA than the non-athlete group (p $<$.01). The rationale underlying this project is an attempt to determine that a positive relationship does, in fact, exist between athletics and academics based upon one's need to achieve in various areas. ^
Education, Physical|Education, Educational Psychology|Recreation
Grace M Hickey,
"The role of achievement motivation in the relationship between athletic and academic achievement"
(January 1, 1992).
ETD Collection for Pace University.


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The Harris-Galveston Subsidence District (HGSD) held a virtual public hearing to present the 2020 Annual Groundwater Report on Thursday, April 29, 2021.
The 2020 Annual Groundwater Report includes recent subsidence, aquifer water level and groundwater use data. The report shows the comparison of the recent data to previous years, providing context on the impact changes in water use and water sources can have on the occurrence and magnitude of subsidence, providing key insights on preventing infrastructure damage and potential flooding impacts caused by subsidence.
The report and finalized presentation will be released May 13, 2021, once the HGSD's Board of Directors accepts and approves the findings.
You can register to watch a recording of the hearing by clicking here.


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Natural Resources - Factors Affecting Productivity Improvement
The manner in which countries use the resources at their disposal is of major importance, although an absence or lack of a specific resource may be overcome through ingenuity. By using the human resources at its disposal, countries lacking in such vital resources as coal and steel have become immensely powerful in other areas, ie the Swiss banking and Japanese Consumer Electronics Industries. Other such resources which require proper management include land, energy and raw materials.
Government and infrastructure
Many of the ways in which government policy affects the organisation have already been discussed, and as stated, to ensure productivity growth on a national basis requires the government to be aware of possible policy methods which will help industry.


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- a watertight temporary structure in a river, lake, etc., for keeping the water from an enclosed area that has been pumped dry so that a bridge foundation, dam, or pier may be constructed
- a watertight box or chamber attached to the side of a ship so that repairs can be made below the waterline
- an empty space serving as a protective barrier, as between two compartments of a ship
Origin of cofferdamcoffer + dam
- A temporary watertight enclosure that is pumped dry to expose the bottom of a body of water so that construction, as of piers, can occur.
- See caisson.


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Item Index Information
Cassandra Chess is a game information page. It is categorized as: Orthodox chess,.
Cassandra Chess. Prophesy the doom of opposing pieces two turns in advance to capture them. (8x8, Cells: 64)
By Ralph Betza.
- Browse items that also start with the letter C.
- Browse items that also start with the letters Ca.
- Browse items that also start with the letters Cas.
- Browse similar items.
- Browse items with a similar board.
- Add a comment or rate this item.
- Skip to comments section.


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Description: Standard smoldering and flaming combustion tests using small coal samples have been developed by the U.S. Bureau of Mines as a method to evaluate the response of a smoke detector. The tests are conducted using a standard smoke box designed and constructed according to Underwriters Laboratories. The tests provide a standard, easily reproducible smoke characteristic for smoldering and flaming coal combustion, based upon a comparison of the smoke optical density and the response of a standard ionization chamber to the smoke. With these standard tests, the range of threshold limits for the response of a smoke detector and the detector's reliability can be evaluated for nearly identical smoke visibility and smoke physical characteristics. The detector's threshold response limits and reliability need to be well defined prior to the instrument's use as part of a mine fire warning system for improved mine safety.
Creator: Edwards, John C. & Morrow, Gerald S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department


BAODIAO 8 LINES VIN Decoder
This is the BAODIAO 8 LINES VIN decoder. Every BAODIAO 8 LINES car has a unique identifier code called a VIN. This number contains vital information about the car, such as its manufacturer, year of production, the plant it was produced in, type of engine, model and more. For instance, if someone wants to buy a car, it is possible to check the VIN number one the online database to ensure that the car was not stolen, damaged or illegally modified. The VIN number has a specific format that is globally recognized. This format was implemented by the ISO institute. Every car manufacturer is obliged to mark all its vehicles in this special format. This online service allows a user to check the validity of the car and get detailed information on almost any VIN number, search for BAODIAO 8 LINES car parts and check the car's history . The VIN also allows a user to get a build sheet of BAODIAO 8 LINES.
What is a BAODIAO 8 LINES VIN number?
The Vin Code is a 17-digit alphanumeric code, also known as the chassis number or serialnumber. The code is unique for each BAODIAO 8 LINES car and is used to store important information about a particular car. The chassis number contains information about the manufacturer of the machine, year of manufacture, engine, transmission, fuel, optional features, and the plant where the machine was built. The BAODIAO 8 LINES VIN check contains the information in the report including important details that may be useful for decision making by used car buyers.
car
BAODIAO 8 LINES VIN check: what can you find out?
The first three characters are in the center of the 17-character alphanumeric VIN and indicate the country of origin and manufacturer information. Characters four through eight indicate the size and specifications of the engine, as well as the type of vehicle. At the endof the 17-digit VIN, you can find the serial number of the BAODIAO 8 LINES car. The first three digits when decoding BAODIAO 8 LINES by VIN contain the World Manufacturer Identifier (WMI).
vin
Decoding BAODIAO 8 LINES by Vin
The very first digit indicates the country in which your BAODIAO 8 LINES was made. The number 5 would mean that your BAODIAO 8 LINES was built in the United States and the W would represent Germany. The second and third digits represent information about the manufacturer. The second digit represents the company that built the car, which would be BAODIAO 8 LINES. The third digit describes the type of vehicle. For example, the letter U would represent a passenger car. The next five characters contain information about a specific machine. The ninth position is a special check digit that implements the availability of the VIN code. The tenth digit when you receive your BAODIAO 8 LINES Vin marks the year your vehicle was manufactured. VIN codes are being recycled due to the increased incidence of model years, this system becomes more and more complicated every year. In addition to the symbols I, O and Q, U, Z and 0 have no atmosphere in the tenth position.
vin2
Why use BAODIAO 8 LINES VIN Decoder?
With our BAODIAO 8 LINES decoder service you can check the car history and get a detailed report for free. BAODIAO 8 LINES VIN Decoder contains not only basic information about the car manufacturer, model and other known characteristics, but also a wide range of important information. A BAODIAO 8 LINES VIN check contains some of the information presented in the report: accident history and recall information, past owners, title checks, service and repair history, check reports, insurance claims records and more.
vin3
An example of decoding RENAULT Captur 2010 by Vin Code 2A4RR5D18AR110521
example example example example
example example example example example example


Numerical simulation of heat and mass transfer during Czochralski silicon crystal growth under the application of crystal-crucible counter- and iso-rotations
Thi Hoai Thu Nguyen, Jyh Chen Chen, Chieh Hu, Chun Hung Chen
研究成果: 雜誌貢獻期刊論文同行評審
19 引文 斯高帕斯（Scopus）
摘要
In this study, the effects of different rotational combinations between the crystal and the crucible on the flow, heat and mass transfer in the melt are discussed based on numerical simulations. Both crystal-crucible counter- and iso-rotations are investigated. The simulation results for the growth of crystal 200 mm in length show that the oxygen concentration along the crystal-melt interface is determined by competition between the mechanisms of convection and diffusion. When the differences in rotation between the crystal and crucible are low during iso-rotation, the melt velocity is significantly weakened and the effect of the diffusion process on oxygen transport in the melt becomes stronger than the effect of convection. The melt flow is more sensitive to changes in the crystal rotation rate. The distribution of oxygen atoms and the temperature of the melt are more significantly affected by the flow pattern in cases of counter-rotation than iso-rotation. Moreover, it is found that a flow transition occurs in the silicon melt when the crystal and crucible have the same iso-rotation rate (ReS/ReC = 0.5842). A lower concentration and more uniform radial distribution of oxygen can be obtained by using the iso-rotation conditions. Rotating the crystal and crucible in the same direction also produces a flatter defect transition with lowering and flattening of the growth parameters Vcr/Gc along the crystal-melt interface.
原文???core.languages.en_GB???
頁（從 - 到）50-57
頁數8
期刊Journal of Crystal Growth
507
DOIs
出版狀態已出版 - 1 2月 2019
指紋
深入研究「Numerical simulation of heat and mass transfer during Czochralski silicon crystal growth under the application of crystal-crucible counter- and iso-rotations」主題。共同形成了獨特的指紋。
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B Corporation Certification
Why IVHQ is a certified B Corporation
Environmental and social impact has always been at the heart of what we do, so it made sense for International Volunteer HQ to undergo the rigorous assessment to become a Certified B Corporation.
B Corp is a symbol of sustainability, inclusivity and quality, showing that we have been externally audited and holding us to the highest social and environmental standards.
We're proud to say that since 2015, IVHQ is the first and only certified B Corp volunteer travel provider.
IVHQ is also the only volunteer travel company to be a member of the Volunteer Groups Alliance (VGA), which is aligned with the United Nations and its 2030 agenda for sustainable development.
 What is a B Corporation?
The B Corp movement is all about identifying and recognizing ethical organizations that work toward reduced inequality, lower levels of poverty, a healthier environment, stronger communities, and the creation of more high quality jobs with dignity and purpose.
How did IVHQ become a B Corp?
As a certified 'B Corp', International Volunteer HQ and Intern Abroad HQ have undergone a robust assessment on the company's impact on its workers, customers, community and environment.
But it doesn't end there. B Corp is a long-term commitment, and the process continues with a challenging annual recertification process.
Dan Radcliffe, Founder of IVHQ
Using business as a force for good
We believe that business should be contributing positively towards society. That's why we only offer ethical volunteer programs that are locally run. Locals determine the focus of the volunteering, because they understand the community need surrounding each project. This ensures volunteers are contributing to projects that genuinely benefit from their support.
Being seen as 'good' through marketing is easy, but actually doing good is where many companies fall short. The B Corp stamp ensures we are dedicated, accountable, responsible and 100% transparent with our customers, communities, employees and the environment.
How does IVHQ put B Corp values into practice?
Here are a few examples of how we use B Corp's best practice guidelines to ensure maximum benefit to volunteers, communities, employees and the environment.
For volunteers
For volunteers:
 - Empower volunteers to make a positive impact, learn new skills and explore their career path.
 - Ensure programs are affordable, flexible and accessible to people of all ages and from all backgrounds.
 - Provide hands-on support to every volunteer from start to finish and ask for feedback.
 - Regularly audit programs to ensure they are impactful, safe and well-run.
For local communities
For local communities:
 - Ensure programs target the local community's most pressing issues so volunteers help where they are genuinely needed.
 - Ensure all projects work sustainably towards long term goals, providing a consistent flow of volunteers until they are no longer needed.
 - Screen volunteers, manage expectations and cap numbers when a program reaches capacity.
 - Provide regular training to the local teams on best practice volunteer management.
For employees
For employees:
 - Promote diversity and inclusion in the workplace.
 - Prioritize operational savings and sustainable spend.
 - Ensure internal transparency within the business.
 - B Corp symbol attracts talent and new employees.
 - Collaborate, build relationships and learn from fellow B Corps.
For the environment
For the environment:
 - Offset carbon emissions for all staff flying to visit/audit programs.
 - Encourage volunteers to offset carbon emissions with a Carbon Footprint Calculator.
 - Run tree planting and environmental conservation programs.
 - Volunteers participate in environmental education projects in local schools to promote sustainable living.
We've got a big vision for the role that IVHQ will play in enabling people anywhere in the world and do something positive in the community, and this Certification is a symbol of our commitment to realizing that vision in a responsible and sustainable way. We hope other entrepreneurial businesses will be inspired to join the movement too.
The B-Corp declaration of interdependence:
We envision a global economy that uses business as a force for good. This economy is comprised of a new type of corporation - the B Corporation - Which is purpose-driven and creates benefit for all stakeholders, not just shareholders.
How to get started
Pick a destination + project and apply for free
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Swearing Is Good for You
The Amazing Science of Bad LanguageBook - 2017
Did you know that chimpanzees can swear? Or that we do most of our swearing in our first language? Have you ever noticed that swearing is an excellent painkiller?
In delightfully fun and accessible language, backed by riveting historical case studies and the latest cutting-edge research, Dr. Emma Byrne explores the science behind swearing and why bad language might actually be good for us. Swearing, it turns out, is socially and emotionally essential. Not only has some form of swearing been around since the earliest humans began to communicate, but it has been shown to reduce physical pain, prevent violence, help stroke victims recover their language, and help people work together as a team. Swearing Is Good For You is a fascinating and fun look at the new science of bad language.


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Skip to Main Content
For a wireless LAN or a cluster of nodes in an ad hoc wireless network, multicast transmissions from a controlling station must be acknowledged by the nodes that are addressed. To ensure reliable reception at all the nodes, the multicast packet may be repeated on different transmissions, or on the same transmission as a form of diversity, or both. In this paper, policies for repeat transmissions of multicast packets are analyzed in terms of the average number of repeat transmissions required and the corresponding efficiency of the signaling on the multicast channel. The analytical results are parametric in packet/ACK error probability, the number of nodes, and the number of required ACKs. It is shown that a policy of accumulating ACKs and addressing only unacknowledged nodes on repeated non-diversity transmissions is more efficient than simply using a higher order of diversity on the multicast transmissions. Methods are shown for avoiding unnecessary repetitions in the case of a missing node.