text:
Thermal decomposition mechanism of iron(III) nitrate and characterization of intermediate products by the technique of computerized modeling
- 1.4k Downloads
The nonahydrate of iron(III) nitrate shows no phase transitions in the range of −40 to 0 °C. Both hexahydrate Fe(NO3)3·6H2O and nonahydrate Fe(NO3)3·9H2O have practically the same thermal behavior. Thermal decomposition of iron nitrate is a complex process which has a different mechanism than those described for other trivalent elements. Thermolysis begins with the successive condensation of 4 mol of the initial monomer accompanied by the loss of 4 mol of nitric acid. At higher temperature, hydrolytic processes continue with the gradual elimination of nitric acid from resulting tetramer and dimeric iron oxyhydroxide Fe4O4(OH)4 is formed. After complete dehydration, oxyhydroxide is destroyed leaving behind 2 mol of Fe2O3. The molecular mechanics method provides a helpful insight into the structural arrangement of intermediate compounds.
KeywordsIron nitrate Thermal decomposition Oxynitrates Computer modeling
The authors are indebted to CNPq and FUNDECT (Brazilian agencies) for financial support, and to Prof. Dr. H. Schmidt for fruitful discussions.
- 6.NIST chemistry WebBook, NIST standard reference database number 69. _URL_.nist/chemistry. Accessed 21 May 2013.
- 8.http://www.avogadro.openmolecules.net/. Accessed 21 Nov 2012.
- 9.Melnikov P, Nascimento VA, Zanoni Consolo LZZ. Thermal decomposition of gallium nitrate hydrate and modeling of thermolysis products. J Therm Anal Cal. 2011;135:1117–21.Google Scholar
- 10.Melnikov P, Nascimento VA, Consolo LZZ, Silva AF. Mechanism of thermal decomposition of yttrium nitrate hexahydrate Y(NO3)3·6H2O and modeling of intermediate oxynitrates. J Therm Anal Cal. 2012. doi: 10.1007/s10973-_PHONE_.
- 12.Melnikov P, Nascimento VA, Consolo LZZ, de Oliveira LCS. Thermolysis mechanism of chromium nitrate hydrate nonahydrate and computerized modeling of intermediate products. J Therm Anal Cal. doi: 10.1007/s10973-_PHONE_-3.
- 13.Boudalis AK, Tangoulis V, Raptopoulou CP, Terzis A, Tuchagues JP, Perlepes SP. A new example of a tetranuclear iron(III) cluster containing the [Fe4O2]8+ core: preparation, X-ray crystal structure, magnetochemistry and Mössbauer study of [Fe4O2(O2CMe)6(N3)2(phen)2]. Inorg Chim Acta. 2004;357:1345–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 14.Sutradhar M, Carrlla LM, Rentschler E. A discrete μ4-oxido tetranuclear iron(III) cluster. Eur J Inorg Chem. 2012;2012:4273–78.Google Scholar
- 16.Inorganic crystal structures database, file 262788. Accessed 15 Mar 2013.Google Scholar
- 17.Wells AF. Structural inorganic chemistry. 5th ed. London: 327 Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press; 1984.Google Scholar


A Quick Guide to Motorcycle Piston Rings
A piston is the powerhouse of any motorcycle. It can be considered as the heart of any motorcycle. The piston drives the crank shaft connected with a connecting rod in forward direction therefore the vehicle moves. A piston resides inside the cylinder and moves up and down inside the cylinder due to combustion(igniting of the gasoline inside the cylinder). This moving of piston can increase the friction between cylinder walls and the piston which can lead to serious damage to the piston.But to reduce this effect a piston is equipped with circular metal rings that surround the piston.This rings are made up of cast iron and steel. The duty of piston rings is to save it from unusual friction between the cylinder walls and piston itself.
The piston rings bear a lot of damage on daily basis due to bad handling, riding normal wear and tear, and bad gasoloine. The most common cause of damage is insufficient oil in the engine which can lead to increased wear. Most piston rings and the piston itself are manufactured from aluminium(Al) metal.Aluminium(Al) is a soft metal it can't bear too much heat and can melt inside the engine also, if it does not get enough lubrication. So the oil should be upto the mark inside the engine. If you have bought a new motorcycle then you have to follow some tips that are:
 1. Riding : When the motorcycle is new then it has a defined break in period for piston rings to settle down and seat well inside the cylinder. This break in period can be from 310 mile to 621 miles or more. You should refer to your motorcycle's manual to find that limit. During this period the motorcycle should be handled very carefully, and should be ridden with normal speed at any cost. Over revving the engine between this limit is not recommended. Most beginners commit this mistake and they forget that this period decides the entire life of the motorcycle. So handle your motorcycle with care during this time. Ride slowly without giving much throttle and accelerate slowly.
 2. Starting The Engine : Do not use throttle while starting the engine and allow the engine to be idle for few minutes. The purpose is to let the engine oil circulate throughout the engine. If you follow this then you are saving the piston from much damage. What happens actually is that when you start a motorcycle the piston and the rings are out of lubrication, the oil takes some to reach the piston and lubricate it completely. As the engine is new you won't get any cold start problems so there is no need to give throttle to start the engine.
Bad Effects If Motorcycle Is Not Handled Properly When The Engine Is New
 1. The seal between rings and cylinder walls will not be good.
 2. You may encounter harsh riding.
 3. You motorcycle engine may run more hotter.
What Happens To Rings Overtime
We have learned in chemistry why a metal is heated to become red hot. This is done to make the metal harder and stronger. But in case of a motorcycle the piston won't get red hot due to presence of engine oil. Regular heating of aluminium(Al) piston and allowing it to cool make the metal even stronger and durable, so that you can ride at top speeds. This heating of aluminium metal changes its physical properties and performance is increase. So it is worth the wait to ride some miles and break in the piston rings before riding like a racer.
Click HERE to read more from 2wheeltuesday.
This post is written by xDNA who likes to write to write about motorcycle maintenance and performance at motorcycle lord.
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text:
The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine (Penn State) in Hershey, Pa., redesigned its programs to increase the number of generalist graduates and the number of residents entering primary care practice.
This project was part of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's (RWJF) Generalist Physician Initiative, a national program that challenged schools of medicine to increase the supply of general internists, general pediatricians and family practitioners that they were training.
Under the Generalist Physician Initiative, Penn State accomplished the following:
- Established the Center for Primary Care.
- Established a statewide promotional campaign—the Penn State Primary Care Partnership.
- Implemented a tracking system to provide information on the career decisions of students, graduates and residents.
- Developed a Primary Care Pre-Admission Program to identify and recruit promising high school and undergraduate students.
- Developed a Primary Care Early Acceptance and Admissions Program to selectively admit students who seek to pursue primary care careers.
- Restructured the medical school curricula to emphasize more interdisciplinary, coordinated primary care courses.
- Emphasized and refocused the importance of primary care in the residency program.
- Established 12 community practice sites and trained some 350 preceptors to work with medical students and residents.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The physical model is an important communication tool for architects. Although the proliferation of CAD programs has enabled the creation of increasingly complex computer models and virtual environments, there is also a growing need to address the three-dimensional qualities of architecture that may be lost when using such media. This book focuses on the inspiring possibilities for modelling the built environment with all the different media and techniques available. In describing the use of different models in different contexts, the book provides a practical guide to how and why models are used, and what they are used for. This second edition includes more detailed step-by-step exercises, expanded discussion of materials and techniques, updated coverage of digital techniques and new case studies.
Architectural Modelmaking Second Edition
Nook, iPhone/iPad, Mac, Windows

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
M198 Towed Howitzer
Rock Island Arsenal (US)
Field Artillery M198s
M198 Towed Howitzer
The M198 Howitzer is a field artillery gun used by the United States Marine Corps for long-range fire support. It's the best tool to keep the enemy away form a certain area and in the same time to make sure that the allies and friendly parties can travel safely and freely in that area. The M198 Howitzer is also used by the U.S. Army, the Australian Army, Lebanese Army, Mexican Army and Royal Thai Army.
The M198 Howitzer development started back in the 1960s when the first prototype was built and tested. The first howitzer fulfilled a new requirement was a need discovered after the World War II. After its predecessor, the M114 155mm Howitzer, it was developed and constructed at the Army's Rock Island arsenal in 1969. The first tests of the prototype started in 1970 and proved to be successful. Thus, in 1972 two similar prototypes of the M198 Howitzer were delivered to the Army. More tests were to come and the eventual predicted event of the full time production happened in 1978. The first M198 Howitzer unit of the Army was operational starting in April 1979. Between 1979 and 1992 1,600 units of the M198 Howitzer have been manufactured, with the final units coming out of Rock Island.
There are several ways of transporting the M198 Howitzer. Due to its aluminum and steel components it is capable of being airlifted by the CH-53E or CH-47 helicopter. It can also be airdropped by the C-130 or a larger fixed-wings aircraft. It can be dropped by parachute in the desired location or carried by a five-ton truck.
Here are some of the M198 Howitzer's general specifications: length- 36 ft 2in (11m)-in firing position, 40 ft 6 in (12.3m) in towing position; width- 9 ft 2 in (2.8m) in towing position; height- 9 ft 6 in (2.9m) in towing position; height- 9 ft 6 in (2.9m) in towing position; weight 15,772lp (7,154 kg). The M198 Howitzer is capable of carrying a 9 enlisted man crew. The caliber is 155mm, the rate of fire is 2 round/min sustained and 4 round/min maximum, and the range is 14 miles (22,400m) with conventional ammo and 18.6 miles (30,000m) with rocket propelled. The time for emplacement is 4 minutes. The cannon has 45 degrees of lateral traverse and can be elevated between 72 and -5 degrees.
The M198 Howitzer has a towed system that is air transportable,. This it is perfect to increases the range of the weaponry, which makes it very effective. The M198 Howitzer is very reliable and during the years it has improved in the range, rapid emplacement, lethality and availability.
What kinds of ammunition does it use?
The M198 Howitzer can support 155mm weaponry. It works with high explosive -M-107 Normal Cavity, which is a deadly weapon: the kill zone is a radius of 150 ft (50 meters) and the casualty zone is a radius of 300 ft (100 meters). This ammo can cause a large blast and it sends very sharp fragments at extreme velocities (3-4 miles/minute).
Capable munitions. The next M198 Howitzer ammo is the high explosive shell, delay fuseworks great on non-concrete small buildings.
The High Explosive concrete piercing fuse the M198 Howitzer is using is made of heavy metal and two fuses to attack concrete buildings. It works with 2 fuses: the first is a non-delay fuse used to clear the rubble and shatter effects, followed by the second fuse, which is a.025 second delay to blast from within. These 2 ammunitions make the M198 Howitzer a very reliable and effective weapon for the military.
Other ammunitions used by for the M198 Howitzer are the rocked assisted projectile (which is a rocket assisted high explosive round that adds to the maximum range of the normal high explosive), white phosphorus (a projectile in two versions: felt-wedge and standardand is a base-ejecting projectile), smoke (used for covering vehicle movement and troops), dual-purpose improved conventional munition (DPICM) (a base-ejectile which is capable of dropping 88 bomblets above a target, each capable of penetrating two inches of steel). The M198 Howitzer can also be used with illumination projectiles, capable of illuminating an area of 1000 meters and it burns burning for 2 minutes (it is used often together with high explosive rounds), mines: The ADAMS (Area Denial Artillery Munition Systemwhich eject tripwires that act as booby traps) and the RAAMS (Remote Anti-Armor Mine System) -usually used together to prevent the antitank mines from being removed. Both of these ammunitions used by the M198 Howitzer are designed to self destruct after a pre-determined period of time.
The ammunition used by the M198 Howitzer for precise targeting is the Copperhead. It is used to destroy tanks, fortifications and other precise targets. It works only with a laser designator system that designates the target. For the moment this ammo is no longer produced.
The M198 Howitzer is used by the Marine Corps for direct support, reinforcing of the artillery missions and general support. All army light cavalry units use it for direct support; the airborne and airmobile infantry units use it for general support and reinforcing missions.
Both the Army and the Marine Corps want to replace the M198 Howitzer with a lighter-weight weapon, in order to develop de mobility, both to ground and air. The initial idea was to accelerate this development by 2001, but due to the high costs stopped this was rescheduled and planned it for 2002 (Marine Corps) and 2005 (the Army).


An Expert Explains Why Your Hair Gets Greasy Overnight and What to Do About It
Do you fall asleep with freshly-washed strands only to wake up to them being oily in the morning? Are you struggling to understand why hair gets greasy overnight? This incredibly frustrating problem is all too common for some.
Kate Holden, consultant trichologist, has some answers and advice for you. The founder of Kate Holden Clinic in Manchester can tell you why your hair gets greasy when you sleep and what you should do about it.
Keep scrolling to read what she had to say!
Why does hair get greasy overnight?
"Our hair gets greasy when there is a build up of a natural oil on the scalp called sebum," Kate shares. "Sebum is produced by our sebaceous glands and functions to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair, which is essential for maintaining a healthy hair and scalp. Our sebaceous glands are working all the time. But if you're noticing that your hair gets greasy overnight, that indicates that your glands may be overactive or you need to adjust your haircare routine."
There is also a laundry list of more common reasons for this problem. An increase in extra oil can be caused by "hormones (think puberty, periods and menopause), diet, genetics, medications, changes in the environment, and your haircare routine."
Sleeping habits can often be to blame for greasy hair. This is especially true "if you're not washing your pillowcases often enough."
There are also a number of ways your hair washing routine contributes to extra oil production.
"How you wash your hair can definitely contribute to an oily scalp," Kate says. "Washing your hair too often can cause your scalp to overproduce sebum. Not washing your hair enough will cause a buildup. Washing your hair two to three times per week is recommended to get a good balance."
You should even be weary of how hot the water is.
"Washing your hair in hot water also stimulates the sebaceous glands, so turn the temperature down on your shower to prevent this," Kate notes.
And though it feels amazing, Kate mentions massaging your hair for too long can contribute to oily strands.
"Massaging the scalp can activate the sebaceous glands too so try not to massage for longer than one minute," she notes.
Woman looking at the camera while laying on her bed and running her fingers through her hair
(via Unsplash)
Could it be a sign of a major underlying condition?
Kate assures us that "most of the time, greasy hair is nothing to worry about." There is one instance, however, when it should raise a bit of concern.
"If you are dealing with greasy hair every day, no matter what you try, then it might be a symptom of an underlying hormone imbalance such as PCOS. If you are worried that your greasy hair is a symptom of a medical condition, speak to your general practitioner, trichologist, or dermatologist."
What can you do to prevent hair from getting greasy overnight?
Luckily, there are a number of things you can do to decrease overnight oil production.
"I would recommend avoiding hot showers or baths before bed; using a shampoo designed for greasy hair; applying dry shampoo to the roots; tying your hair up to prevent the sebum traveling down the hair shaft; and making sure you're washing your pillowcases regularly to prevent buildup of grime and sweat," Kate shares.
Kate also recommends a few products that'll help with yoru problem.
"When you're looking for a clarifying shampoo, you need a stronger surfactant (cleaner) to remove the oil from the hair and scalp," she says. "In terms of dry shampoo, Batiste is my usual go-to. If you find aerosol-based dry shampoos too drying, you can get them in powder form. For example Lush does a powder dry shampoo. When you tie your hair up at night, I'd recommend a soft scrunchie, fabric hair tie, or head scarf to reduce friction on the hair shaft."
It's also important to look at your diet as a cause for excess oil production.
"If you have a diet which is high in refined carbs and saturated fats, then this might be contributing to your greasy hair," Kate mentions. "Swap out the refined carbs to wholegrain and the saturated fats with unsaturated fats. Also, make sure you're eating lots of fruits and vegetables."
After making these changes, you should quickly notice your hair being less greasy when you wake up. If the problem does persist, be sure to reach out to a professional.
Girl sleeping on a blue pillow
(via Unsplash)
Struggling with freshly-washed strands that look greasy? HERE is what you should do to fix that problem.
2 minutes
Looking for the freshest ways to breathe life into boring strands?
Take the quiz
Find us here
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End of Unit Assessment: Presentation of Position
What is the difference between formal and informal language? Pupils rewrite their position speeches to adapt them for an audience of adults. Next, they present their speeches in small groups, attempting to answer the question, "Which food chain would best feed everyone in the United States? "
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CCSS: Designed
Instructional Ideas
 - Review the four food chains from Michael Pollan's The Omnivore's Dilemma
 - Find several examples of formal language for students to use as a guide for their speeches
Classroom Considerations
 - Serves as the final lesson from the consecutive 17-part Grade 8 ELA Module 4, Unit 2 series
 - Provides strategies for differentiation
 - Includes a position speech rubric for teacher reference
 - None
Common Core


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The Rose-breasted Grosbeak is often considered one of the prettiest birds to arrive in late spring with its Robin-like song being sung from the treetops.
Many bird watchers claim this bird was their favorite after seeing it for the first time.
Its treetop song is the beginning of claiming territories, attracting a mate, and raising another nest of young in a new season.
The male Rose-breasted Grosbeak is a real showstopper with his striking black and white plumage, accented by a vibrant rose-red patch on his chest.
His wings and back are black, and his belly is white. He also has a thick, conical bill that he uses to crack open seeds and insects.
The female Rose-breasted Grosbeak is a bit more understated, with a streaked brown and white appearance.
Her head and back are brown, and she has white wing bars and a prominent white eye stripe. She is sometimes mistaken for a large sparrow.
These birds are seasonally monogamous. (one male to one female) for a single breeding season. The breeding season runs from May to July.
Males arrive first and begin claiming territories. Within a few days of the male,s arrival, the females will show up.
Males will try to attract a female by his song. Sometimes a courtship dance is offered by the male for the female.
The dance consists of tipping the head back and holding his tail in an upright position and spread out. He then wags his head and body.
The female will decide whether breed with a specific male.
Both males and females build the nest, with the female primarily responsible for most of the work.
The nest is a loose, open cup made of twigs, grass, and leaves, lined with finer materials like rootlets and hair.
The nest is located in a tree 5 to 25 feet above the ground. Rose-breasted Grosbeaks prefer saplings, shrubs, and vines as nesting sites.
The female lays 3 to 5 pale blue or green eggs with brown speckles.
Incubation last 13 to 14 days. Both males and females incubate the eggs. Eggs are rarely unattended.
|Rose-breasted Grosbeak Nesting Stats|
|Eggs||3 - 5|
|Incubation||13 - 14 days|
|Nestling Phase||9- 12 days|
Young fledge in 9 to 12 days after hatching. Both adult birds feed the young. Typically, only 1 brood is raised each season.
In the wild, Rose-breasted Grosbeaks glean food from tree foliage. Insects, seeds, tree buds, and fruit are eaten.
During the breeding season, they consume more insects to meet their increased protein requirements.
Predators at the nest site include Blue Jays, Grackles, snakes, and raccoons.
Adult Rose-breasted Grosbeaks will mob Blue Jays and Grackles that enter their nesting territory.
Predators of adults include Sharp-shinned and Cooper's Hawks.
Learn More About The Different Types of Grosbeaks
|Birds and Blooms||Pioneer Woman||People Magazine||First For Women|


Have you ever taken a sip of water from the kitchen sink and noticed that it tastes a little salty? You might have even seen those little white crystals around the rim of the sink and wondered what they were.
The first thing to know is that all water contains some dissolved minerals, including salt. However, the amount of salt in water varies depending on where the water comes from.
On average, sink water contains about 4 mg /L of salt, which is a lot less than seawater, which contains about 35,000 mg/L.
Groundwater (water that comes from underground) usually has more dissolved minerals than surface water (water that comes from lakes, rivers, and streams). So if your tap water comes from a well, there's a good chance that it contains more dissolved minerals than if it comes from a municipal water supply.
These dissolved minerals give water its characteristic taste. For example, water that contains a lot of calcium might have a slightly metallic taste, while water with a lot of sodium might taste salty. The human tongue can detect very small amounts of salt, so even if the concentration of salt in your tap water is low, you might still be able to taste it.
As for those white crystals around the rim of the sink, they're most likely made up of calcium carbonate. When water evaporates, it leaves behind any dissolved minerals it contains. So if your sink is made of materials like porcelain or enamel, which are porous and absorbent, the minerals in the water can start to accumulate and form those white crystals.
Is salty water healthy?
Although salty foods may make us thirsty, we need sodium for crucial processes in our bodies like muscle movement and controlling blood pressure. According to the National Kidney Foundation, "The body also uses sodium to control blood pressure and blood volume." But if you have too much salt, it can lead to high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease.
So how much salt is too much? The American Heart Association recommends consuming no more than 2,300 mg per day, while the World Health Organization recommends 1,500 mg per day.
If your sink water has a high concentration of salt, it's not likely that you'll drink enough of it to put your health at risk. But you should still be careful not to consume too much salt from other sources, such as processed foods or takeout meals.
Is drinking salty water safe?
In general drinking tap water is safe, yes. However, if your tap water has a high concentration of other dissolved minerals besides salt (such as calcium or magnesium), this could pose some health risks.
Salty seawater on the other hand is unsafe to drink. This is because it contains a high concentration of salt, and drinking too much salt can be harmful to your health. For example, too much sodium in your bloodstream can lead to high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease.
If you're concerned about the quality of your tap water, there are ways to test its mineral content. You can contact your local water authority, or you can buy a home water quality test kit.
See also Can Tadpoles Live In Sink Water?
Final Thoughts
While salty water may not be harmful to your health in small amounts, you should be mindful of your overall sodium intake and consult a healthcare professional if you're concerned.
If you're concerned about the amount of sodium in your drinking water, consult a healthcare professional for advice on how to maintain a healthy salt intake.
Whether or not it's healthy depends on your individual needs, so be sure to consider your diet and lifestyle when making decisions about how much salt you consume.
About the author
I started working as a quality control manager with the Water Authority of Nassau County in 2005. After a few years, I moved into Water Waste Prevention, where I currently work as the production supervisor. I love my job and the people I work with, but most of all I love spending time with my family.


Dalhousie Law Journal
J. Helen Beck
Mental handicaps, self-sufficient, economic burden, potential contributors to society, employment opportunity, social service structures
Mental handicaps affect a suprisingly large part of the community. If the handicapped cannot make themselves self-sufficient, they become a great economic burden whereas they may have the potential of being contributors to society. This paper will examine aspects of the law relating to employment opportunity and certain social service structures, and question the extent to which they further a handicapped person's goal of fulfilling his employment potential. Field research was done only in the Halifax area, but the analysis is pertinent across Canada because the statutory provisions, social services and social assistance structures found in Halifax are on the whole similar to those found across Canada.


text:
Pen Drive Showing Less Space than Actual
Note: Data in the drive will be lost.
1.Plug in your pen drive
2.Type diskmgmt.msc in Run box to open Disk Management.
3.Select your drive's partition.
4.Right click on it and select the option of "Delete Volume" in it.
5.This will delete the memory space allocated and free up the total space.
6.Now in the empty space created again right click and select "Create Volume" to create the space.
7.Select the file system and format the partition to be able to use it again.


text:
Here are some tips for safe sailing.
- Stay off the water during storms or periods of high winds.
- Carry a flashlight in case you remain on the water after dark. Shine the light on a sail to warn approaching vessels of your presence if you have no navigation lights or if another vessel does not see your navigation lights.
- Remember that sailboats with an engine must have the red, green, and white navigation lights.
- Remember that the mast can be a conductor for lightning. Be aware of masthead clearance when passing under power lines and bridges.


text:
Free Online Dictionary
|Wikipedia English The Free Encyclopedia||Download this dictionary|
In scientific nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name, although zoologists use the term somewhat differently. For example, Linnaeus was the first to give a scientific name (under the currently used system of scientific nomenclature) to the Norway spruce, which he called Pinus abies. This name is no longer in use: it is now a synonym of the current scientific name which is Picea abies.
|See more at Wikipedia.org...|
The following video provides you with the correct English pronunciation of the word "synonym (taxonomy)", to help you become a better English speaker.
© This article uses material from Wikipedia® and is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License and under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
|Wikipédia Français||Download this dictionary|
|Pour la suite, voir Wikipédia.org…|
© Cet article se sert du contenu de Wikipédia® et est autorisé sous les termes de la Licence de Documentation libre GNU
| synonym (taxonomy) in English | synonym (taxonomy) in French
You think you have ethics... Take the survey NOW!

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Info>
The difference between the two is not big. Although the names are different, they are basically the same. They can still be understood as the packaging of the collection of Route.
2. Request processing stage:
<=2.1: 1. Match the requested URL with the route template recorded in the RouteCollection.
2. After finding the matching Route, determine whether there is a corresponding Controlled and Action according to the URL of the request.
3. If the above passes, call the Route Handler to process the HttpContext.
2.2+ : 1. When processing the request for the first time, first make a match according to the route set List and _actions.ActionDescriptors.Items (the information of all actions) configured in the startup phase, and generate a list. This list is stored. All URL templates that may be matched, as shown in Figure 2, this list is also List, which records all possible URL patterns. It actually lists the detailed addresses that can be accessed, which is the final address. That is, the endpoint, perhaps why it is called Endpoint routing.
2. The requested Url matches the generated table to find the corresponding MvcEndpointInfo.
3. Call the RequestDelegate method of the matched MvcEndpointInfo to process the request.
The difference between the two is that for the matching of _actions.ActionDescriptors.Items (the information of all actions), the original version is first matched according to the routing template, and then according to ActionDescriptors to determine whether there is a corresponding Controller and action, and the new version first uses the action The information matches the routing template and then matches with the requested URL. Since this kind of work is only performed at the first request, although it is not tested for efficiency, it should feel faster than before.


K'inich Janaab' Pakal
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K'inich Janaab' Pakal
Ajaw of Palenque
Pacal the Great
Reign July, 615 – August, 683 CE
Full name K'inich Janaab' Pakal
Born - March 603
Died - August 683 age 80
Buried Temple of the Inscriptions, Palenque
Predecessor Sak K'uk'
Successor K'inich Kan B'alam II
Issue K'inich Kan B'alam II
K'inich K'an Joy Chitam II
Father K'an Mo' Hix
Mother Sak K'uk'
K'inich Janaab' Pakal[pronunciation?] (March 603 – August 683)[1] was ruler of the Maya polity of Palenque in the Late Classic period of pre-Columbian Mesoamerican chronology. During a long reign of some 68 years Pakal was responsible for the construction or extension of some of Palenque's most notable surviving inscriptions and monumental architecture.
Before his name was securely deciphered from extant Maya inscriptions, this ruler had been known by an assortment of nicknames and approximations, including Pakal[pronunciation?] (or Pacal), "Sun Shield", "8 Ahau", and (familiarly) as Pacal the Great. The word pakal means "shield" in the Maya language.
In modern sources his name is also sometimes appended with a regnal number,[2] to distinguish him from other Janaab' Pakals that either preceded or followed him in the dynastic lineage of Palenque. Confusingly, he has at times been referred to as either "Pakal I" or "Pakal II". Reference to him as Pakal II alludes to his maternal grandfather (who died in 612) also being named Janaab' Pakal. However, although his grandfather was a personage of ajaw ranking, he does not himself appear to have been a king. When instead the name Pakal I is used, this serves to distinguish him from two later known successors to the Palenque rulership, Upakal K'inich Janaab' Pakal (ruled c. 742, aka "[K'inich Janaab'] Pakal II") and Wak Kimi Janaab' Pakal (aka [Janaab'] Pakal III), the last-known Palenque ruler, who acceded in 799.
Pakal ascended the throne at age 12 in July, 615 - Long Count 5 lamat 1 mol,[3] and lived to the age of 80. He expanded Palenque's power in the western part of the Maya states and initiated a building program at his capital that produced some of Maya civilization's finest art and architecture. He was preceded as ruler of Palenque by his mother, Lady Sak K'uk'. As the Palenque dynasty seems to have had Queens only when there was no eligible male heir, Sak K'uk' transferred rulership to her son upon his official maturity.
After his death, Pakal was succeeded by his son K'inich Kan B'alam II. A younger son, K'inich K'an Joy Chitam II, succeeded his brother K'inich Kan B'alam II. After his death, Pakal was deified and was said to communicate with his descendants; he was buried within the Temple of Inscriptions. Though Palenque had been examined by archaeologists before, the secret to opening his tomb — closed off by a stone slab with stone plugs in the holes, which had until then escaped the attention of archaeologists—was discovered by Mexican archaeologist Alberto Ruz Lhuillier in 1948. It took four years to clear the rubble from the stairway leading down to Pakal's tomb, but was finally uncovered in 1952.[4] His skeletal remains were still lying in his coffin, wearing a jade mask and bead necklaces, surrounded by sculptures and stucco reliefs depicting the ruler's transition to divinity and figures from Maya mythology. Traces of pigment show that these were once colorfully painted, common of much Maya sculpture at the time.[5]
Whether the bones in the tomb are really those of Pakal is under debate because analysis of the wear on the skeleton's teeth places the age of the owner at death as 40 years younger than Pakal would have been at his death. Epigraphers insist that the inscriptions on the tomb indicate that it is indeed K'inich Janaab' Pakal entombed within, and that he died at the age of 80 after ruling for around 70 years. Some contest that the glyphs refer to two people with the same name or that an unusual method for recording time was used, but other experts in the field say that allowing for such possibilities would go against everything else that is known about the Maya calendar and records of events. The most commonly accepted explanation for the irregularity is that Pakal, being an aristocrat, had access to softer, less abrasive food than the average person so that his teeth naturally acquired less wear.[6] Despite the controversy, it remains one of the most spectacular finds of Maya archeology. A replica of his tomb is found at the National Museum of Anthropology and History in Mexico City.
Carved lid of the tomb of K'inich Janaab' Pakal in the Temple of the Inscriptions.
Iconography of Pakal's sarcophagus lid[edit]
The large carved stone sarcophagus lid in the Temple of Inscriptions is a unique piece of Classic Maya art. Iconographically, it is closely related to the large wall panels of the temples of the Cross and the Foliated Cross centered on world trees. Around the edges of the lid is a band with cosmological signs, including those for sun, moon, and star, as well as the heads of six named noblemen of varying rank.[7] The central image is that of a cruciform world tree. Beneath Pakal is one of the heads of a celestial two-headed serpent viewed frontally. Both the king and the serpent head on which he seems to rest are framed by the open jaws of a funerary serpent, a common iconographic device for signalling entrance into, or residence in, the realm(s) of the dead. The king himself wears the attributes of the Tonsured maize god - in particular a turtle ornament on the breast - and is shown in a peculiar posture that may denote rebirth.[8] Interpretation of the lid has raised controversy. Linda Schele saw Pakal falling down the Milky Way into the southern horizon,[9] a view that would not appear to have found general acceptance among scholars.
Pakal and his sarcophagus in popular culture[edit]
Erich von Däniken's "Maya Astronaut"[edit]
Pakal's tomb has been the focus of attention of some "ancient astronaut" enthusiasts since its appearance in Erich von Däniken's 1968 best seller, Chariots of the Gods?. Von Däniken reproduced a drawing of the sarcophagus lid, incorrectly labeling it as being from "Copan" and comparing Pacal's pose[10] to that of Project Mercury astronauts in the 1960s, interpreting drawings underneath him as rockets, and offering it as evidence of a supposed extraterrestrial influence on the ancient Maya.
Von Däniken's claim is not considered a credible interpretation by any professional Mayanist. For example Ian Graham responded, "Well I certainly don't see any need to regard him as a space man. I don't see any oxygen tubes. I see a very characteristically drawn Maya face."[citation needed]
José Argüelles' "Pacal Votan"[edit]
Another example of this carving's manifestation in pseudoarchaeology is the identification by José Argüelles of "Pacal Votan" as an incarnation named "Valum Votan," who will act as a "closer of the cycle" in 2012 (an event that is also significant on Argüelles' "13 Moon" calendar). Daniel Pinchbeck, in his book 2012: The Return of Quetzalquatl (2006), also uses the name "Votan" in reference to Pakal. However, this name is not used for Pakal by Mayanist researchers such as academic archaeologists, epigraphers, and iconographers. Argüelles claims a connection between Pakal and the semi-historical Toltec figure Topiltzin Ce Acatl Quetzalcoatl, but this is not supported by archaeological or epigraphic evidence. New Age interpretations of Pakal's tomb are a cornerstone of contemporary Mayanism.
 1. ^ These are the dates indicated on the Maya inscriptions : in Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, and (Tiesler & Cucina 2004, p. 40).
 2. ^ Maya rulership titles and name glyphs themselves do not use regnal numbers, they are a convenience only of modern scholars.
 3. ^ Skidmore 2008: p. 71
 4. ^ _URL_
 5. ^ Stokstad, Marilyn (2008). Art History Fourth Edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. p. 388. ISBN 0-205-74422-2.
 7. ^ Schele and


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Special Exhibit: Women & The Art of Botanical Illustration
Lilian Snelling was the principal artist for William Curtis's Botanical Magazine for 30 years, and contributed over 830 illustrations before her retirement in 1952 (she was succeeded by Margaret Stones). Until 1948, Snelling was one of the last botanical artists who worked in the 19th century tradition of drawing her original watercolors onto zinc plates for publication. She then hand-painted a master print for a team of professional colorists to copy.
Snelling also produced drawings for one volume of the rare Supplement to Elwes' Monograph on the Genus Lilium, and illustrated F.C. Stern's A Study of the Genus Pæonia (Royal Horticultural Society, London, 1946). She maintained high standards of quality throughout her huge volume of work, which included over 400 watercolors she painted of rhododendrons and primulas at the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh between 1918-21. "This was the first exhibition of these drawings, by an artist considered to be 'the greatest botanical artist of her time.'" — RBG, Edinburgh
Born into a wealthy Quaker family in Philadelphia, Mary Morris Vaux showed an interest in painting from a young age. After graduating school, she took up watercolor painting, and began sketching the native wild flowers she saw on family trips to the Rocky Mountains in Canada.
She would later return to the Rockies on expeditions with her husband, paleontologist Charles Doolittle Walcott, who was then Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Walcott continued painting during these many trips, and assembled a portfolio of 400 wild flower paintings. These watercolors were published at great expense by the Smithsonian Institution in 1925 in a five-volume work entitled North American Wildflowers.
In 1935, the Smithsonian published Illustrations of North American Pitcher-Plants, which included 15 of her paintings on the genus sarracenia. Walcott also served on the Federal Board of Indian Commissioners from 1927-32, and was elected President of the Society of Woman Geographers in 1933.
Walcott's illustrations of native plants and flowers have been widely praised for both their beauty and accuracy, and she was often called the "Audubon of botany." Her work captures the fleeting spirit of many North American wild flowers, including rare native orchids and unusual pitcher plants among others.
Walcott's accomplishments are most notable during a time when few American women were so actively involved in scientific research. She braved rugged mountain climbs (including the 10,496 foot peak ascent of Mt. Stephen in British Columbia, Canada in 1900), freezing temperatures and long treks through the woods and fields of North America to produce a true work of art in the history of botanical illustration.
We are pleased to present over 200 of Walcott's antique botanical prints from a deluxe first edition folio of North American Wildflowers, published in 1925 and limited to only 500 copies (click here to view the prints).
Margaret Ursula Mee is one of the best-known botanical artists of the 20th century, as well as an intrepid explorer and dedicated conservationist. She moved from her native England to Brazil in 1952 along with her husband, and began teaching art in São Paulo. Her first paintings of Brazil's exotic flora were bromeliads from the Serra do Mar region along the Atlantic coast.
Shortly thereafter, Mee began the first of over 15 expeditions through the Amazon river area — journeys which would end up spanning more than three decades of her career. Mee often traveled great distances through dangerous and uncharted regions in a small canoe, with a lone Tucano Indian as her guide. She overcame many hardships — including life-threatening bouts with malaria and tropical fevers, as well as nearly drowning on several occasions — to document the plants and animals deep within the Amazon.
Mee's botanical illustrations have been acclaimed by botanists and art critics alike for their incredible detail and accuracy. Her precise technique involved creating multiple working sketches while on location as well as mixing her paints to match the exact hue of her subject. She took copious notes on the plant's color and habitat, and where possible, live specimens were collected and brought back to her studio for the final composition.
Upon seeing her work for the first time in London, botanical art authority Wilfrid Blunt commented, "They are splendid, magnificently composed, superbly reproduced... and can stand without shame in the high company of such 18th-century masters as Georg Dionysius Ehret and Redouté."
In addition to her botanical art, Mee was a pioneering conservationist who raised awareness about the exploitation of the Amazonian rain forest at a time when illegal mining, logging and deforestation were at an all-time high. She imbued her artwork with a powerful message of conservation by showing the destroyed forest in her sketches, and she continued to speak about the destruction of the Amazon until her death in 1988. Margaret Mee is truly one of the most remarkable women in the history of botanical art.
We are very pleased to offer a selection of rare elephant folio prints from Mee's Brazilian Bromeliads here.
Mary Grierson is a prolific British botanical artist with a career spanning many decades. Mary first worked as a Women's Auxiliary Air Force flight officer during World War II, and later as a cartographer. She became the official botanical illustrator at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew from 1960 until the early 1970s, and received five gold medals for her illustrations from the Royal Horticultural Society. Additionally, her work has been featured on postage stamps, as well as designs for the Franklin Mint.
Grierson's paintings are part of the collections of many prominent institutions, including the British Museum, the Natural History Museum, and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. She has illustrated numerous books, including Mountain Flowers, The Genus Cyclamen, P.F. Hunt's magnificent Orchidaceæ, The Country Life of Orchids, An English Florilegium, A Hawaiian Florilegium, and Hellebores among others.
We have a selection of Mary's work here.
Margaret Stones is one of Australia's most prominent botanical artists, and was the principal illustrator for William Curtis's Botanical Magazine for over twenty-five years, having succeeded Lilian Snelling. Stones produced some 400 watercolors for the magazine during this time, in addition to the over 250 drawings she did for The Endemic Flora of Tasmania (published in six volumes between 1967-78) and the Flora of Louisiana (1977-87).
In 1976, Stones was awarded the Veitch Silver Medal by the Royal Horticultural Society in London, and in 1986 she received the Veitch Gold Medal for "outstanding contribution to botany and plant conservation."
"Commenting on Margaret Stones's botanical knowledge and experience, Tasmanian botanist Dr. Winifrid Curtis 'recalled that Stones never needed to be told, but invariably knew, which sections to draw in order to facilitate correct taxonomical classification.'" — Irena Zdanowicz, Beauty in Truth (1996).
We are pleased to offer over 100 prints from Margaret Stones (click here to view). Other prominent female artists from Curtis's Botanical Magazine include Christabel King, Stella Ross-Craig and Pandora Sellars.
One of Great Britain's most celebrated botanical artists, Coral Guest is renowned for her life-size watercolors of flowers and fruits. She studied at the Harrow School of Art and the Chelsea School of Art, and received both the Drawing Scholarship and the Travel Scholarship in addition to studying Zen Calligraphy at Seitai-Ji Temple in Japan.
Guest's work is widely represented in national collections, including that of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew and the Royal Horticultural Society (which has awarded her two gold medals), as well as the Dr. Shirley Sherwood Collection of Contemporary Botanical Art. Guest is known for her paintings of white flowers, which are technically difficult to execute without using white paint. From a BBC Four interview with Guest:
"For the flower painter to paint white lilies on a white background, that is a real challenge because in fact there is actually no white paint used. [...] Through studies you can work out a way to describe the flower so that it can appear on a piece of white paper without using white paint and appear to be completely solid, and completely living on the page."
We are pleased to present a complete selection of imperial folio prints from Guest's The Royal Roses of London (click here to view).
David Attenborough, Amazing Rare Things.
Elizabeth Blackwell: A Curious Herbal.
Wilfred Blunt, The Art of Botanical Illustration.
Maria Sibylla Merian at the J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, June 10-August 31, 2008
Berthe Hoola van Nooten: Fleurs, Fruits et Feuillages (digitized copy).
Maud H. Purdy: Drawing from Life, Imagining Plants.
Sacheverell Sitwell & Wilfred Blunt, Great Flower Books, _PHONE_.
Lucia Tomasi, An Oak Spring Flora.
Irena Zdanowicz, Beauty in Truth: The Botanical Art of Margaret Stones.
Digital downloads in Adobe Acrobat PDF format. These digitized copies of selected botanical works are free to download for non-commercial use, courtesy of Botanicus — a freely accessible, Web-based encyclopedia of digitized 18th and 19th century botanical literature from the Missouri Botanical Garden Library.
James Bateman, Orchidaceæ of Mexico


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The development of modern musicianship skills necessary to enter and maintain a career in all facets of the popular and commercial music industry.
MUSI 246 extends performance and improvisational skills in the study of a repertoire taken from funk, Latin and contemporary blues music for those students intending to enter and maintain a career as freelance musicians. The aim at this level is to further develop the technical foundation on your instrument established in MUSI 146 and MUSI 156, and the paper is consequently designed to broaden your playing skills in a variety of musical contexts. The most important aim of this or any other performance paper is the question of your adaptation to teamwork, and this paper is designed to build your confidence in working in with a variety of musicians in several ensemble contexts. There is also an option to perform original material as an alternative to the range of set material.
|Paper title||Contemporary Music Performance 2|
|Teaching period||Full Year|
|Domestic Tuition Fees (NZD)||$2,118.30|
|International Tuition Fees (NZD)||$8,676.60|
- MUSI 101 and (MUSI 146 with a grade of at least C+)
- MUSI 245
- Limited to
- MusB, BPA
- (i) MUSI 156 must be passed with a grade of at least C+.
- Appropriate performance and sight-reading skills are necessary.
Enrolments for this paper require departmental permission.
View more information about departmental permission.
- More information link
- View more information on the Department of Music, Theatre and Performing Arts' website
- Teaching staff
- Paper Structure
This paper further advances performance abilities towards a professional level. Please contact the Department of Music, Theatre and Performing Arts' (_EMAIL_) office for a copy of the most recent paper profile.
- Teaching Arrangements
- Two hour lectures and workshops.
- Textbooks are not required for this paper.
- Graduate Attributes Emphasised
- Interdisciplinary perspective, Lifelong learning, Communication, Critical thinking,
Research, Self-motivation, Teamwork.
View more information about Otago's graduate attributes.
- Learning Outcomes
- The goals of the paper are
- To further develop a firm technical foundation on your instrument
- To develop appropriate presentation skills to perform the set repertoire
- To enable the critical evaluation of time-management skills in the context of independent practice with increasing competence and confidence


Attitude indicator (AI), also known as Gyroscope Horizon or Artificial Horizon, is an instrument used in an aircraft to inform the pilot of the orientation of the aircraft relative to earth. It indicates pitch (fore and aft tilt) and bank or roll (side to side tilt) and is a primary instrument for flight in instrument meteorological conditions.
The Attitude Indicator shows rotation about both the longitudinal axis to indicate the degree of bank, and about the lateral axis to indicate pitch (nose up, level or nose down). It utilizes the rigidity characteristic of the gyro. It is gimballed to permit rotation about the lateral axis indicating pitch attitude, and about the longitudinal axis to indicate roll attitude. Once powered up, the indicator is maintain in a fixed position no matter what the aircraft attitude may be. The essential components of the indicator are:
 - Miniature Wings, horizontal lines with a dot between them representing the actual wings and nose of the aircraft.
 - The center horizon bar separating the two halves of the display, with the top half usually blue in color to represent sky and the bottom half usually dark to represent earth.
 - Degree marks representing the bank angle. They run along the rim of the dial. On a typical indicator, the first 3 marks on both sides of the center mark are 10 degrees apart. The next is 60 degrees and the mark in the middle of the dial is 90 degrees.
Operation of Attitude Indicator
Attitude indicators use a gyroscope (powered via vacuum pump or electrical motor) to establish an inertial platform. The gyroscope is geared to a display that has two dimensions of freedom, simultaneously displaying pitch and bank. The display may be colored to indicate the horizon as the division between the two colored segments (typically blue for sky and brown for ground), and is intended to be intuitive to use. The actual bank angle is calibrated around the circumference of the instrument.


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The New Zealand Sea Lion ranks as one of the most murderous species on the planet, according to a new study examining lethal violence among mammals.
Do dolphins duel to the death? Are hippos homicidal? And what about genocidal gerbils? Spanish researchers have mapped the extent of lethal violence across 1000 mammal species, from aardvarks to zebras, and their macabre analysis is published today in the leading journal Nature.
To get a big picture view of intra-species killing in mammals, José María Gómez and colleagues compiled data from over 4 million deaths to quantify the level of lethal violence in 1,024 mammal species from 137 taxonomic families and in about 600 human populations, ranging from about 50,000 years ago to the present. The key focus of the research was the evolutionary history of human violence, but the study also revealed some surprisingly high levels of lethal violence in other species.
Read more about the research on Scimex.org
Understanding human violence
The scientists found that estimated rates of prehistoric human-on-human killings were six times higher than the average mammal but similar to related primates, indicating a strong evolutionary link to lethal violence.
"Many primates exhibit high levels of intergroup aggression and infanticide," the researchers wrote in Nature.
"Social carnivores sometimes kill members of other groups and commit infanticide when supplanting older members of the same group. Even seemingly peaceful mammals such as hamsters and horses sometimes kill individuals of their own species."
Thankfully, the authors note modern rates of such violence among humans are far lower, with socio-political organisation overriding our murderous tendencies.
Commenting on the study, evolutionary biologist Mark Pagel said the research gave good grounds for believing that "we are intrinsically more violent than the average mammal."
However he was also quick to point out that the analysis also showed we have moved past our primal violent past. "Rates of homicide in modern societies that have police forces, legal systems, prisons and strong cultural attitudes that reject violence are, at less than 1 in 10,000 deaths (or 0.01%), about 200 times lower than the authors' evolutionary predictions for our state of nature."
New Zealand sea lions a top killer
The aim of the research was to better understand the evolutionary component of lethal violence in humans, but it also offered a comprehensive map of murder throughout the mammalian branch of the tree of life.
The New Zealand sealion was ranked in the top ten of the more than 1,000 species covered, with an estimated 15.3 percent of deaths occurring at the hands (or, more technically, flippers) of other sea lions. Only meerkats, Schmidts guenon (a type of monkey) and the red fronted lemur claimed higher rates of killing each other (see list below).
Research from the NZ Department of Conservation, cited in the new Nature study, details some of the lethal violence among sea lions in the Auckland Islands.
"During the 2002–2003 season, one female died after a male bit her head, perforating the cranium and cerebrum. Three females were killed by males during the 2003–2004 season; one was pinned beneath a male in the surf zone and drowned, while the deaths of two pregnant females were attributed to male harassment (i.e., severe internal injuries sustained from crushing by males."
Mammals' most wanted: top killers
Meerkats came out at the top of the list, boasting the highest rates of killing their own species; 19.4 per cent of all deaths are estimated to result from violence by another meerkat. The top ten species ranked in the Nature study, listed here, were collated by The Independent:
1. Meerkat (19.4 per cent)
2. Schmidt's guenon, a type of monkey (18.2 per cent)
3. The red-fronted lemur (16.7 per cent)
4. New Zealand sea lion (15.3 per cent)
5. Long-tailed marmot (14.5 per cent)
6. Lion (13.3 per cent)
7. Banded mongoose (13 per cent)
8. Grey wolf (12.8 per cent)
9. Chacma baboon (12.3 per cent)
10. Diademed sifaka (12 percent; 10th equal)
10. Long-tailed chinchilla (12 percent; 10th equal)
Featured image: Flickr / A Sparrow.


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Photography enthusiasts and professionals alike rely heavily on the functionality of their camera's shutter button. It's the gateway to capturing those perfect moments, and when it malfunctions, it can be a photographer's worst nightmare.
In this article, we'll delve into the common causes of a non-responsive Canon camera shutter button and explore troubleshooting steps to resolve this issue.
Table of Contents
Common Causes of Shutter Button Malfunction
Understanding the root causes of shutter button issues is the first step to resolving them and ensuring your Canon camera works seamlessly.
Dust and Debris Buildup
One of the most common culprits for a non-working shutter button is dust and debris accumulation. Over time, these particles can find their way into the delicate mechanical components of the button, hindering its responsiveness. Regularly cleaning your camera can help prevent this issue.
Accidental bumps or drops can lead to physical damage, causing misalignment or internal components to dislodge. This can render your shutter button unresponsive or inconsistent in its operation.
Wear and Tear
Like any mechanical component, the shutter button can experience wear and tear over extended use. The constant pressing and releasing can lead to button fatigue, making it less effective in registering clicks.
In some cases, a failing or weak battery can contribute to shutter button problems. A low battery may not provide the necessary power to engage the button fully. Ensure your battery is adequately charged before assuming a more significant issue.
Troubleshooting Steps for Canon Camera Shutter Button Problems
Cleaning the Shutter Button
If you suspect dust and debris are the culprits, start by cleaning the shutter button carefully. Compressed air from a can can be used to remove any loose particles. For stubborn dirt, a small brush or a cotton swab slightly dampened with isopropyl alcohol can be gently used. Remember to turn off your camera before attempting this.
Checking for Loose Parts
Inspect the button for any loose components or parts that may have shifted out of place. If you find any, consult your camera's manual for reassembly instructions. Be cautious, and if you're uncertain, it's best to seek professional help.
Testing Different Shooting Modes
Sometimes, shutter button issues are not due to mechanical problems but can be related to the shooting mode. Try switching between different shooting modes, such as manual, aperture priority, or shutter priority, to see if the issue persists in all modes. This can help identify if the problem is mode-specific.
Seeking Professional Help
If the troubleshooting steps fail to resolve the issue, it's advisable to seek professional camera repair services. Attempting to disassemble your camera without the necessary expertise can lead to further damage. A skilled technician can diagnose and fix the problem efficiently.
Prevention and Maintenance Tips
Preventing shutter button issues is better than dealing with them. Here are some tips to maintain your camera's performance:
- Store your camera in a protective case when not in use.
- Handle your camera with care to avoid accidental damage.
- Keep the camera's lens and body clean to reduce the chances of dust and debris ingress.
- Follow the manufacturer's maintenance guidelines for your specific Canon camera model.
1. Can I clean the shutter button with any cleaning solution?
It's best to use isopropyl alcohol, but make sure it's only slightly dampened on a cotton swab. Avoid excessive moisture.
2. How often should I clean my camera's shutter button?
Regular cleaning is essential. Aim for cleaning it every few months or more frequently if you often shoot in dusty environments.
3. My Canon camera is still under warranty. Can I get the shutter button repaired for free?
If your camera is under warranty, it's a good idea to contact Canon's customer support for assistance. Warranty terms may cover repairs.
4. Are there any DIY methods to fix a non-working shutter button?
While some minor issues can be resolved with DIY cleaning, complex problems should be left to professionals to avoid further damage.
5. How do I find a reliable camera repair technician?
You can search online for authorized Canon service centers or reputable camera repair shops in your area. Reading reviews and seeking recommendations can help you make an informed choice.
A non-responsive Canon camera shutter button can be frustrating, but with the right knowledge and maintenance, many issues can be prevented or resolved. Regular cleaning and careful handling can go a long way in ensuring that your camera's shutter button continues to work flawlessly, helping you capture the moments that matter most.


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Redlands, California—Esri, the global leader in spatial analytics, today announced that it is releasing the Intelligence Configuration for ArcGIS Pro (ICAP), a workstation for intelligence analysts. ICAP leverages ArcGIS Pro SDK to provide a custom managed configuration and add-ins, offering streamlined user experiences and specialized tools to aid analysts in examining relationships and patterns and determining probabilities relating to the target's most likely course of action.The scale, complexity, nature, and pace of modern conflicts require a new approach to delivering intelligence capabilities. For instance, when tracking smugglers who are crossing borders, an intelligence analyst has a mass of point locations—received through observations, sensors, and reports—and can use a spatial query in ICAP to filter for the relevant data and identify the smugglers' possible routes. The analyst can visualize the relationships between the people, groups, and objects, and determine the threat's likely course of action.
The capabilities in this new configuration include the following:
- Link charts—Intelligence Configuration for ArcGIS Pro provides the ability to visualize entities and their relationships. This capability allows analysts to easily see, edit, and manipulate link diagrams of people, groups, and events that would otherwise be viewed in a table or on a map. In one single interface, analysts can see the complex relationships between different assets, with minimal data and little or no learning curve. The link chart is created dynamically based on the source data, which can be manipulated via the chart or the map.
- Conditions and alerts—To ease the burden of filtering and querying data to discover its value, ICAP provides a way for analysts to designate conditions based on a set of queries and then be alerted when these conditions are met. For instance, when a mortar activity is within 7 kilometers of a reported location, an alert notifies the analyst, and the activity is logged for further analysis.
- Data management—ArcGIS Pro already has many robust data management tools and workflows. To better support intelligence analysts, ICAP will bring the most commonly used data management tools to the forefront, placing widely used tools in a custom data management ribbon. In addition, ICAP introduces a tool that grabs files commonly used by the intelligence analyst (such as.shp,.kml, and.kmz) and adds them to the map with the right symbology, including standard 2525 military symbology.
"Esri is very pleased to be making ArcGIS Pro customized for the needs of the intelligence community," said Phil Suarez, intelligence support to operations at Esri. "Intelligence analysts have a specific set of needs, and they all contain the component of location. The unique configuration that ICAP brings to the intelligence community enables a more efficient and streamlined workflow for data gathering and analysis than has ever been possible."
To learn more about the new Intelligence Configuration for ArcGIS Pro, visit go.esri.com/GEOINT2018_PR.
# # #
Karen Richardson, Esri
E-mail (press only): _EMAIL_
General Information: _EMAIL_


phrases, sayings, idioms and expressions at
The meaning and origin of the expression: Back to basics
Browse phrases beginning with:
Back to basics
A return to previously held values of decency.
This became prominent in current language in the UK with a 1993 speech by UK Prime Minister John Major, although it had been used in everyday language long before that.
"The style and tone of the churches have undergone a major adjustment, gradually turning toward a 'back-to-basics' approach. "


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Partner consultation: What are the specific requirements and precautions for fiber optic installation in the RGU system?
The requirements and precautions for optical cables are as follows:
1. If the loss is less than or equal to the system design value, there should be no insertion loss event greater than 0.1 dB within 0-10km of the remote pump pump unit at the receive end, and no insertion loss event greater than 0.2 dB in 10-20km.
All optical cables between the pump unit and the RGU must be spliced (including
the pump output optical fiber and line optical fiber connected to the ODF). It
is recommended that all optical cables in the ropa subsystem be spliced.
Note: For new optical cables constructed by Huawei, the additional loss required for single point splicing is less than 0.08 dB (China's national standard for optical cable construction). If the single-point loss test exceeds the standard, bidirectional test methods must be used for confirmation, that is, use the OTDR to calculate the attenuation value obtained by the splicing point in two directions. Note that the OTDR attenuation test may be negative and the symbol bit must be substituted for the arithmetic average. If the fiber splicing loss still exceeds the threshold, adjust the attenuation value.
3. If the RGU installation point is less than or equal to 50 km away from the installation point, the fiber adapter jumper cannot be used. If the fiber adapter needs to be connected, use the fiber splicing mode.
4. When the optical fiber is spliced, mark the straight-through line fiber to ensure that the fiber is the same as the optical fiber before the fiber is cut.
5. During the construction of the optical cable, the fiber connection box in the middle of the line should be spliced and installed to the fiber link to provide sufficient margin.


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If you're wondering what pineapple and cranberry juice do for your sexual life, read on. These two fruits are known to increase the taste of vaginal secretions and have other benefits, including improving sexual performance. These fruits are also good for a healthy body, which is important not only for physical performance, but also for sexual performance. Smoking is also linked to impotence, so it's a good idea to cut down on that habit as well.
Improves taste of vaginal secretions
Whether you're a man or a woman, you've probably wondered if improving the taste of your vaginal secretions is possible. If so, you're not alone. Many women and men experience self-consciousness regarding their bodies, especially when they're in a new relationship or a first sexual encounter. This can cause you to focus on your appearance, which may be more concerning than the taste of your vagina. Without proper hygiene, you'll be unable to enjoy your oral sex.
Depending on your lifestyle, your vagina may have a metallic or sour taste. This is the result of the body's ability to neutralize bacteria. However, if you're sensitive to sex and prefer a sweeter taste, you're not alone. While some women prefer the taste of their vaginas to be sweeter than others, it's important to keep in mind that not all women are sensitive to this difference.
Some people have reported that reducing the amount of preservatives and highly processed foods in their diet can improve the taste of vaginal secretions. While avoiding these foods can improve vaginal taste, you should increase your intake of fruits and vegetables that contain essential fatty acids, like coconut oil. Additionally, you can ramp up the amount of sweet fruits in your diet. This will help you to regulate the pH level in your vagina.
Increases sex life of women
Drinking fresh pineapple and cranberry juice is not only good for your health, but also boosts your sex life. Both fruits contain beneficial nutrients that improve the taste of your bodily fluids. And because a healthy body is the best one for sexual performance, they're an excellent addition to your daily diet. Men, on the other hand, should avoid smoking, which is linked to impotence and sexual dysfunction.
While alcohol is widely known to decrease sex life and make a woman unattractive, you should also keep in mind that some foods can affect the taste of your vaginal secretions. Even small changes can help you improve your performance. For example, pineapple and cranberry juice are natural sexual stimulants, detoxify the body, and make your bodily fluids more pleasurable to drink.
As a natural vaginal cleanser, cranberry juice helps combat infections. It contains a high concentration of vitamin C and E, which help fight bacterial and yeast infections. Cranberry juice can also increase the flavor of intimate organ fluids by altering the pH balance. Cranberry juice can help women's sex lives by boosting their overall health.
Supports healthy vaginal bacteria
The composition of a woman's vagina varies considerably between premenstrual women and postmenopausal women. Most healthy women have an abundance of Lactobacilli, which produce antimicrobial compounds and interact with the host's innate immune system. Lack of this type of bacteria is associated with a greater risk of developing vaginal infections. However, the definition of a healthy vaginal microbiome is not easy to find. Several different studies have shown that specific strains of Lactobacilli support a woman's natural VMB.
Although the diversity of vaginal bacteria is relatively low in comparison to that of gut bacteria, it still plays a critical role in maintaining bodily homeostasis and immune defense. As such, supporting a healthy vaginal ecosystem is essential for women's health. More research is revealing the complex interactions between bacteria and fungi in the vagina, which influences the balance between a healthy and unhealthy state.
Women who are prone to frequent vaginal infections can benefit from probiotics, which are fermented foods containing high quantities of lactobacilli. Lactobacilli bacteria are beneficial for women because they regulate vaginal pH. These bacteria help prevent recurrence of bacterial vaginosis by preventing the buildup of lactic acid. Other probiotics, such as garlic, stabilize vaginal pH and promote the growth of healthy bacteria.


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WASH for WORMS: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial of the Impact of a Community Integrated Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene and Deworming Intervention on Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections.
Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions have been proposed as an important complement to deworming programs for sustainable control of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections. We aimed to determine whether a community-based WASH program had additional benefits in reducing STH infections compared with community deworming alone. We conducted the WASH for WORMS cluster-randomized controlled trial in 18 rural communities in Timor-Leste. Intervention communities received a WASH intervention that provided access to an improved water source, promoted improved household sanitation, and encouraged handwashing with soap. All eligible community members in intervention and control arms received albendazole every 6 months for 2 years. The primary outcomes were infection with each STH, measured using multiplex real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We compared outcomes between study arms using generalized linear mixed models, accounting for clustering at community, household, and individual levels. At study completion, the integrated WASH and deworming intervention did not have an effect on infection with spp. (relative risk [RR] 2.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66-12.48, = 0.159) or (RR 0.99, 95% CI: 0.52-1.89, = 0.987), compared with deworming alone. At the last follow-up, open defecation was practiced by 66.1% (95% CI: 54.2-80.2) of respondents in the control arm versus 40.2% (95% CI: 25.3-52.6) of respondents in the intervention arm ( = 0.005). We found no evidence that the WASH intervention resulted in additional reductions in STH infections beyond that achieved with deworming alone over the 2-year trial period. The role of WASH on STH infections over a longer period of time and in the absence of deworming remains to be determined.


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A growing body of research examines the relationship between science and technology by using a social network lens to look at the collaboration networks between authors and inventors. Building on this research, we study how publishing inventors' (author-inventors') structural position in scientific (co-authorship) and technological (co-invention) networks affects the quality of their inventions. We probe author-inventors' characteristics by identifying those who act as cutpoints—i.e., those who play a pivotal role in holding the two networks together. Cutpoints can be connected to more or less cohesive subgroups of the scientific network and hence have access to more or less diverse knowledge bases. The results of the analysis suggest that author-inventors' structural position—in particular, whether they are cutpoints and belong to more cohesive subgroups of the scientific network—is highly consequential for the quality of the inventions with which they are involved. We tested our hypotheses in the emerging field of nanotechnology. The theoretical and managerial implications of the results are discussed.
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each minute but is otherwise zero, and your master key costs $0.01 per operation, setting maximum messages to 3 can achieve significant savings. To prevent data keys from being reused across bursts (55 seconds), set the maximum age of each cached data key to 20 seconds.
 - Expensive master key operations: If your application uses a low-throughput encryption service that costs as much as $1.00 per operation, you might want to minimize the number of operations. To do so, create a cache that is large enough to contain the data keys you need. Then, set the byte and message limits high enough to allow reuse while conforming to your security requirements. For example, if your security requirements do not permit a data key to encrypt more than 10 GB of data, setting bytes processed to 10 GB still significantly minimizes operations and conforms to your security requirements.
Learn more about data key caching
To learn more about data key caching, including how to implement it, how to set the security thresholds, and details about the caching components, see Data Key Caching in the AWS Encryption SDK. Also, see the AWS Encryption SDKs for Java and Python as well as the Javadoc and Python documentation.
If you have comments about this blog post, submit them in the "Comments" section below. If you have questions, file an issue in the GitHub repos for the Encryption SDK in Java or Python, or start a new thread on the KMS forum.
– June


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Longest Annual Stretch of Dry Days
An interactive data tool that presents an analysis of historical and projected consecutive dry days in the Mid-Atlantic.
Dec 23, 2022
The following data tools were produced as part of the Mid-Atlantic Climate Impacts Summary and Outlook, a quarterly series that details seasonal weather and climate variability and change in the Mid-Atlantic region. Review the full list of climate summaries.


Map of North Korea
◆ Crudely calculated electricity bills
A common problem faced by all 3 surveyed regions is the lack of electricity meters for calculating household power consumption. The authorities have been attempting to install meters for every house since last year, but the prohibitive 30 USD price of each meter would have had to have been paid by each household. In the end, the plan could not be carried out after it met strong opposition from residents dissatisfied with the unreliable power supply.
As the meters were not installed, officials in charge of electricity distribution have to go door-to-door, cataloguing the appliances owned by each household and making crude calculations of each home's estimated power consumption. This primitive billing system is still in effect.
A reporting partner in Pyongyang complained of the system, saying, "The electricity distribution department always quarrels with residents because they set the rates entirely at their discretion. Lately, we've been paying 5,000 won a month for our house."
The authorities have announced, however, that meters for calculating exact power consumption will soon be required nationwide, starting from September/October.
Editor's notes on North Korean reporters
ARCHIVE(pdf) >>


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Air con for Tube trains by 2010
The Tube carries more than a billion passengers a year
Parts of the Tube network will have air conditioned trains from 2010, London Underground has announced.
The move would see trains on "surface" lines such as the Circle, District and Metropolitan lines equipped with air conditioning in about two years.
Industrial-sized fans will be used to improve station air flow this summer.
But transport bosses said cooling the Tube remained a major challenge, especially on deeper lines such as the Northern and Piccadilly lines.
About 40 fans will be installed at stations including Charing Cross, Bond Street and Bank.
In addition, a large number of station ventilation shafts and fans are being brought back into service. So far 50 such fans have been renewed.
The London Underground's Victorian heritage is its charm and its burden
Peter O'Toole, London Underground
A scheme in which pumped-out water is used to cool platforms at Victoria Tube station is being repeated this summer.
London Underground managing director Tim O'Toole said cooling the Tube was "a major and long-term engineering challenge".
"The London Underground's Victorian heritage is its charm and its burden," he said.
"Today the Tube carries over a billion passengers a year and as passenger demand continues to grow, so does the need to increase capacity and upgrade the network."


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Date: Feb 24, 2013 9:56 AM
Author: William Hughes
Subject: Re: Matheology § 222 Back to the roots
So, when WM says that a natural number m does not
exist, he may mean that you can prove it exists
but you cannot find it.
Suppose that P is a predicate such that
for every natural number m, P(m) is true.
Let x be a natural number such that
P(x) is false. According to WM you cannot
prove that x does not exist. (WM
rejects the obvious proof by contradiction:
Assume a natural number, x, such that P(x)
is false exists.
call it k
Then P(k) is both true and false.
Contradiction, Thus the original assumption
is false and no natural number, x, such
that P(x) is false exists)
We will say that x is an unfindable natural
It is interesting to note that WM agrees with
the usual results if you insert the term findable.
There is no findable last element of the potentially
infinite set |N.
There is no findable index to a line of L that
There is no ball with a findable index in the vase.
It does not really matter if nonfindable natural
numbers exist or not. They have no effect.
I suggest we give WM a teddy bear marked unfindable.


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Nautical Archaeologists have recently discovered a Roman era shipwreck off of the coast of Albania. The wreck, which dates to the 1st century BCE was filled with amphorae used to store wine. Archaeologists believe that merchants were transporting the wine from Albania's vineyards to be sold throughout the Mediterranean.
In spite of its age and relatively shallow depth (50 m below sea level), the wreck is remarkably well preserved and nearly all of the vessel seem to be in tact. Both American and Albanian archaeologists will work together to excavate the findings and are excited about the potential for insight it provides about this period in Roman history.
To read more about the wreck and its findings, see this article on MSNBC.


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BME 585 Current Practice in Tissue Engineering
This course covers fundamental biological principles and engineering concepts underlying the field of tissue engineering and describes specific strategies to engineer tissues for clinical use along with examples.
BME 4190 – Laboratory Techniques for Molecular, Cellular, and Systems Engineering
This class will provide students with the skills needed for the design, fabrication, and characterization of experimental approaches relevant to Molecular, Cellular, and Systems engineering. Lectures will integrate three modules: the first module will focus on stem cell biology, differentiation, and characterization. The second module will provide a thorough understanding of polymeric scaffold design and characterization for tissue engineering applications. The third module will focus on analytic techniques suitable to analyze molecular, cellular, and systems-level signaling changes of cells in response to varied microenvironmental context. All three modules will be taught in a manner that will enable students to design and implement experimental approaches for cell manufacturing, tissue regeneration, and drug testing.
BME 3010 – Molecular Principles of Biomedical Engineering
This course aims to present a broad overview of molecular level techniques that are relevant to many aspects of biomedical engineering. It will discuss the underlying principles of these techniques, how to interpret representative data, limitations of current approaches, and engineering challenges for the development of new and improved methods.


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Submitted by BonnieMake colored, numbered, lettered etc eggs and birds sitting on a nest with corresponding numbers, colors, letters. Have your children match them
Match The Eggs
Submitted by KarlieGet an egg carton and color the inside (where the eggs sit) various colors. Have the children match the colors with those of Easter eggs and sort the eggs
Make Your Own Bird Nest
Submitted by FloreneProvide you students with mud, sticks, grass, leaves, twigs, pine needles, and pebbles. Let you kids create their own bird nest.
Dinosaur Egg Hunt
Submitted by leeHide plastic eggs (Dinosaur Eggs) on the playground or in the classroom and have a dinosaur egg hunt
How Many Eggs
Submitted by FrancesGet a picture of a bird and make a nest. Write a different number on each bird. Let the kids place the correct number of eggs (corresponding numbers) into the birds nest.
Submitted on the Comment BoxlCut out a materials, egg cartons and different colored playdough. have the children roll the different colored playdough as aggs and sort them in the egg carton.
These Preschool Ideas Found At:Everything Preschool >> Themes >> Eggs >> Games


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New Mexico Favorites—Chile and Pecans
Priscilla Grijalva, Extension Food and Nutrition Specialist
College of Agriculture, Consumer and Environmental Sciences New Mexico State University.
New Mexico is proud of its production of high quality chile and pecans. More than 27 tons of chile and 28 million pounds of pecans are harvested annually in the state.
When Don Juan de Oñate entered New Mexico in 1598, the building blocks of the state's history were well laced with chile. The Spaniards brought the vegetable north with them from the tropics. Along with other peppers of the genus Capsicum, the plant belongs to the same New World family as tomatoes and potatoes. Because of its pungency, Columbus thought he had discovered a different form of the pepper he was searching for. Chile is now prized as a vegetable and condiment all over the United States.
Pecan trees are native to the southern United States. Indians enjoyed pecans before the Europeans came to North America. The first Spanish and French explorers mentioned the native Pacana nuts growing in Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas. George Washington and Thomas Jefferson were among the pioneers in pecan culture. They recorded attempts to grow pecans from seed, and planted the trees in their home gardens. As early as 1932, observations were made that the southern Rio Grande Valley would be ideal for pecan orcharding. Pecan orchards in the Pecos Valley started shortly after 1900.
Rich in Nutrients
Chile is rich in vitamins A and C. Vitamin A is most abundant in fresh red peppers in the form of carotene. Most of the vitamin A in chile remains after it is canned, dried or frozen, which is important because of the many processed chile products available. Vitamin C content of chile increases as the season advances and is higher in chile gathered in October than in August. Because vitamin C is affected by heat and oxidation, canned and frozen chile contain slightly less than fresh chile. Chile loses vitamin C when dried.
Pecans furnish calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium and magnesium. They are also a good source of the B vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin and niacin). Ten large nuts (20 halves) yield approximately 100 calories. The fat in pecans has a high ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids. The pecan is an excellent source of energy because it is 71% fat.
Selecting and Sorting
Chile may be either green or red, and is available fresh, dried, frozen or canned. Fresh chile should have large smooth pods with smooth shoulders. Pods should be firm and thick-fleshed with a bright shiny surface. Roasted and peeled green chile can be dried in the sun or in a home dehydrator. Traditionally, red chile is strung in ristras and dried in the sun for winter use. Dried chile is marketed as whole pods or ground to a powder. Frozen green chile is available in many forms – whole green chiles, chopped chiles, sauces and many prepared dishes. Frozen red chile sauce is available as well in enchiladas, chile con carne and burritos. A wide variety of canned products containing chile has made the popular New Mexico vegetable available to chile fans across the country.
For storage, put fresh chile in polyethylene-type bags in the refrigerator until peeled. Dried red chile or chile powder should be stored in a cool dark place to preserve flavor and color. Frozen foods should be stored at zero degrees. Canned chile should be stored in a cool dark place. After opening, refrigerate and use within 2 days.
Pecans are available shelled or in the shell. Fresh shelled pecans are a light golden brown. The color darkens with age. High quality pecans in the shell are clean and free from cracks or holes. Unshelled pecans keep at room temperature for about 6 months. Ideally they should be stored in a cool, dry place. Shelled pecans should be stored in a refrigerator or the freezer. They remain in good condition for a year.
Add Then to...
Both chile and pecans add good flavor to a wide variety of dishes. Chile in all forms should be labeled as to pungency. Sometimes variety is used as an indication of hotness, so it is helpful for novices to be familiar with varieties. A little bit of chile usually goes a long way, so it's best to start with a small amount first. For hotter dishes, substitute jalepeño peppers for part or all of the green chile.
Chile sauce is basic to many recipes. It can then be used with many dishes as well as traditional Spanish dishes such as tacos, enchiladas or huevos rancheros. Chile is a tasty addition to scrambled eggs, beans, salads, casseroles and vegetable dishes.
Pecans add tasty nourishment to every course at mealtime. They can be added to salads, vegetable casseroles, main dishes and desserts. Better yet, just eat them plain or toasted.
Red Chile Sauce
|1/2 cup dry red chili powder||2 tablespoons flour|
|1 teaspoon salt||1/4 teaspoon garlic powder|
|2 cups water||2 tablespoons oil|
|1/2 teaspoon oregano|
In saucepan mix chili powder, flour, salt and garlic powder. Add water gradually while mixing to blend well. Add oil and oregano. Simmer gently for 15 minutes. Makes two cups.
|1/4 cup oil||1 dozen corn tortillas|
|2 cups grated cheese||1/2 cup chopped onion (optional)|
|1 pint red chile sauce (see recipe above)|
Heat oil in a fry pan. Fry each tortilla in hot fat and drain. Dip one tortilla into chile sauce then place tortilla flat on a plate, sprinkle onion and cheese on top and repeat. Usually 3 tortillas make one serving. May be topped with fried egg. Serve with refried beans, Spanish rice and/or salad. Serves 4 to 6.
Chile Con Carne
Make red chile sauce above and add 2 cups cooked, cubed meat and 2 cups cooked pinto beans. Serve hot in bowls with corn or flour tortillas or corn bread.
New Mexico Spoon Bread
|1 No. 300 can cream style corn||3/4 cup milk|
|1/3 cup melted shortening||1 1/2 cups cornmeal|
|2 eggs, slightly beaten||1/2 teaspoon soda|
|1 teaspoon baking powder||1 teaspoon salt|
|1 teaspoon sugar (optional)||1 1/2 cups grated cheese|
|1 4-oz. can green chile, chopped|
Mix all ingredients except chile and cheese. Pour 1/2 batter in greased 9 × 9 pan, sprinkle on 1/2 cheese and chile; add remaining batter and top with cheese and chile. Bake in 400 °F oven 45 minutes; cool slightly and serve.
Green Chile Salsa
|1 cup chopped, peeled green chile
(fresh, canned or frozen)
|1/4 cup onion, chopped fine|
|3/4 cup chopped tomato
(fresh or canned)
|1/4 teaspoon garlic powder|
|1/2 teaspoon salt||1 tablespoon fresh coriander
Combine all ingredients and mix well. Chill and refrigerate for an hour or longer to allow flavors to blend. This makes 2 cups of sauce. Serve as a dip, in tacos, with beans or to season other foods.
Chile Con Queso
In a saucepan cook chile salsa (above) until just tender. Remove from heat. Add 2 cups grated cheese. Stir in until melted. Serve as a dip or to season bland foods. Thin with evaporated milk to desired consistency.
Green Chile Spread
|4 to 6 green chiles||1 16-oz. pkg. cream cheese|
Peel chile, remove stems and seeds, chop fine. Bring cream cheese to room temperature. Blend cheese and chile. Spread on celery or carrot sticks, or tortilla chips.
Green Chile Stew
|1 lb. beef stew meat||3 medium potatoes cubed|
|1 small onion chopped||1/4 teaspoon cumin seed|
|1 1/3 cups green chile (desired pungency)||1 teaspoon salt|
|3 carrots sliced||Pepper to taste|
|2 tablespoons flour||Water|
|2 cups canned or fresh chopped tomatoes|
Place meat in large heavy fry pan. Brown over medium heat. Add onion, chile, tomato, carrots, potatoes, cumin seed, salt, pepper and mix thoroughly. Sprinkle flour over all ingredients. Add water to cover all ingredients. Cover. Bring to a boil and turn heat down. Simmer 1 1/2 hours or until tender. Serves 6.
Quick Chile Cheese Corn
|2 tablespoons butter or oleo margarine||1 1/4 cup cooked tomatoes|
|1/2 cup chopped green onions||1/2 teaspoon salt|
|2/3 cup chopped, peeled green chile||1 1/2 cup shredded cheese|
|1 No.2 can whole kernel corn (2 1/2 cups)|
In a large skillet heat butter over medium heat. Saute onion until translucent. Add chile, tomatoes and salt. Cook until just tender. Add corn and heat to simmering. Remove from heat. Stir in shredded cheese until melted. Serve immediately. Serves 6.
|1 pound of


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Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic utility of lung perfused blood volume (LPBV) images generated by dual-energy computed tomography (CT), as compared with pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy, for patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
Methods: Patients (n = 51) with chronic pulmonary thromboembolic embolism were examined by dual-source CT in dual-energy mode. Lung perfused blood volume images were generated by analysis of the iodine content of the lung parenchyma using dual-energy data. Pulmonary perfusion defects were evaluated on a segment-by-segment basis in images obtained by both LPBV and pulmonary scintigraphy. Findings suggestive of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in CT pulmonary angiography were analyzed.
Results: All examinations were acquired without complications, and the contrast enhancement of the pulmonary artery was sufficient for diagnosis of vascular thromboses. In the LPBV images, in 76 (8.3%) of 918 segments, it was difficult to assess perfusion because of artifacts. The agreement between the 2 modalities was good (κ = 0.70). The sensitivity of LPBV in detecting perfusion defects was 96%; the specificity was 76%; the positive predictive value was 94%, and the negative predictive value was 29%.
Conclusions: Lung perfused blood volume imaging by dual-energy CT is feasible for the evaluation of pulmonary perfusion and is comparable to pulmonary scintigraphy. It is possible to evaluate vessels and pulmonary perfusion with CT pulmonary angiography and LPBV images and to assess pulmonary perfusion more definitively in diagnosing chronic pulmonary thromboembolic embolism.
From the *Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center; †Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka; ‡Department of Radiology, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata; and §Research and Collaboration, Siemens Japan, Tokyo, Japan.
Received for publication April 5, 2011; accepted May 17, 2011.
Reprints: Tetsuro Nakazawa, MD, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita city, Osaka _PHONE_, Japan (e-mail: _EMAIL_).
The authors report no conflicts of interest.


Diverse Populations
Advancing mathematical understanding for all students.
Useful Assessment Information
All Math Recovery courses provide educators with multiple diagnostic assessments that pinpoint the current numeracy understanding of individual students.
General Education
With the knowledge gained in all Math Recovery courses general education teachers use information on differentiating instruction in the classroom to create and modify curricular materials and educational settings for all learners in the classroom. During whole group experiences, small group instruction, or individualized work educators are empowered to manipulate instructional settings, scaffold questions, and encourage the development of conceptual understanding for all students.
Title 1 Programs
All Math Recovery courses provide school-wide and targeted-assisted Title 1 schools the ability to assess and monitor student growth and success through targeted intervention designed to promotes student growth in skills, abilities, and understandings.
Monitoring Success
All Math Recovery courses provide educators with the ability to constantly monitor and evaluate current understanding and skills towards learning goals.
Targeted Instruction
All Math Recovery courses provide research-based learning trajectories that can be used to plan, create, and implement targeted instruction for individuals, small groups, and whole classes. Students have access to high-quality instruction aimed at current understanding and skills as identified by administered diagnostic assessments.
Special Education Programs
Special Education teachers can use the diagnostic assessments and learning trajectories to create individualized learning plans and goals for the students they work with. Math Recovery courses focus on providing instruction that is responsive to individual student needs and to promote continual growth.
Gifted/Talented Students
Through the application and use of learning progressions educators can enrich and accelerate learning for gifted and talented students, who may have mathematical understandings and skills beyond grade level expectations. US Math Recovery courses provide professional development on a range of domains; from early numeracy topics to fractions.
Photography by Rebecca Zenefski