logo_2Churchill White Paper
Demand Forecasting & The Seasonality Factor – Harve C. Light
Introduction To Demand Seasonality
Frequently, Churchill is asked to comment about the impact of Seasonality on Demand Forecasting. This white paper overviews Seasonality, its impact on demand forecasting and the inclusion of Seasonality in demand forecasting methodologies. Note: This paper intended to be a basic explanation of the topic and not an academic-type paper.
What Is Seasonality?
Within the timeframe of any given period of time such as one year, merchandise (as well as selling locations) experience distinct periods of time, such as a few weeks, when one or more types of merchandise are more (or less) desired by the buying public when compared to an average week. This repeatable increase or decrease in periodic consumer buying interest is defined as the merchandise or location's "Seasonality" and therefore must be accounted for when forecasting demand for the affected merchandise or location. To complicate matters, while the seasonal demand repeats over each year, etc. the actual seasonality periods can vary from year to year. (For example, Holidays)
What Is the Importance of Demand When Generating Forecasts?
Depending on the purpose of the forecasting, the importance of the Seasonality Factor can be very significant or very insignificant. For example, in continuity item regular periods (non-promotional) forecasting, Churchill performance testing has shown Seasonality to be the most significant single source of forecasting error. Poor Seasonal Indexes equals poor demand forecasts. On the other hand, there are many examples of merchandise that are required by consumers throughout the year where other factors such as price and promotions are more significant that seasonality.
One final comment. Seasonality of demand can be a very "local" factor. Churchill sees this situation whenever we build forecasting models for convenience or neighborhood stores. For example, individual stores may serve specific ethnic communities who observe holidays, etc. specific to the community.
How Is The Seasonality Factor Expressed In Demand Forecasting Methodologies?
There are many techniques for quantifying the seasonality component for demand forecasting purposes. One methodology that will demonstrate the principle is to utilize the "Relative Seasonality Index" methodology. Conceptually this methodology is a two-step methodology where:
 - Step One calculates the Average Periodic (weekly) Demand value as = Total Annual Demand / 52 Weekly Periods.
 - Step Two calculates the Relative Seasonality Index values as = Weekly Total Demand / Average Periodic (Weekly) Demand.
The output values of this methodology form a relative seasonality index where (quantitatively) the Average Demand Week will have a value = 1.0 and Weeks with historically greater seasonal demand will have index values greater than 1.0 (for example 1.82) and Weeks with historically less seasonal demand will have index values of less than 1.0 (for example.86).
What Are Some Examples Of The Seasonality Index Being Utilized In Demand Forecasting?
Here are three examples.
Example #1 relates to the forecasting of regular (non-promotional) continuity merchandise demand. Forecasting methodologies such as exponential smoothing, moving averaging, etc. first determine the underlying (nonseasonal) demand for the merchandise, location, etc. and then add the merchandise's Seasonal Index values to include Seasonality for specific periods such as weeks, resulting in seasonalized demand forecasts for each week.
Example #2 is a causal forecasting example such as the forecasting of promotional price lift. These forecasts can require the inclusion of the Seasonality Index values as Causal-based Forecasting Input values. Inclusion of the Seasonality Factor values can be important because Seasonality can cause another causal factor, such as Price Discount on Holiday merchandise, to be more or less significant e.g. more intense before the Holiday periods (resulting in higher lifts) when compared to the exact same Price Discount promoted four months after the Holiday periods which generally result in lower promotional lift.
Example #3 is a limited life product forecasting example. Seasonality can be an important factor during the limited lift season that the merchandise is offered for sale. For example, Swimsuits tend to be more in demand during the early and warmer weeks of the season and less in demand during the later and perhaps colder weeks of the season.
How Does Churchill Generate Specific and Detailed Seasonal Indexes Values?
First, I have to mention that Churchill expends substantial energy effort developing the best Seasonal Indexes possible within the limitations of the customer's historical sales data. Second, Churchill utilizes a combination of human engineered data preparation combined with our proprietary clustering and profiling technology. Our seasonality modeling tool is called Profile Cluster Builder™ (PCB). An executive summary of our PCB tool is included as the last page of this paper.
In general terms, Churchill models Seasonal Indexes utilizing the following methodology. As you read the steps of this methodology, please remember that, in most cases, we are building literally many thousands (or more) of seasonal indexes for the retailer.
 1. Churchill starts by carefully defining the Merchandise Level and Location Level forecasting requirements that the Seasonal Indexes are to be built to support.
 2. Since historical data accuracy generally limits the retailer's historical data usability, Churchill must audit the historical data for the purpose of improving data quality. Over the years, Churchill has developed several data cleansing techniques that help with this data issue.
 3. Next, since holidays and other seasonal events often change from year to year, the next step in this process is to organize the historical data from multiple historical years into one common format that represents Seasonality history properly aligned for the upcoming year to be forecasted. This step not only includes the specific period (week) of the holiday, etc. but also the affected weeks leading up to and following the event period.
 4. With the historical data aligned as best as possible, Churchill now turns to its Profile Cluster Builder tool to perform its "magic". Note: While the following tasks are presented in a sequential format, in reality there is much overlap in these steps.
 1. Gathers the historical data from similar merchandise/locations into common groupings. Churchill utilizes degree of fit type metrics for the grouping metric.
 2. Isolates and separates individual merchandise and locations whose historical data patterns are considered to be too different to be utilized in profile building.
 3. From the qualified historical data, PCB builds demand profiles that will represent the clustered groupings.
 4. And this brings us back to the identified outliers. PCB, using a two-step process, places the outliers with the already built profiles that statistically are most appropriate.
 5. After the PCB clusters and profiles have been built and tested, a series of "higher level" default profiles will need to be built and tested. These higher level default profiles will be utilized for forecasting seasonality in future new merchandise and/or locations that were not part of the original profile modeling process.
 6. We now have a collection of seasonal profiles and related cross reference tables that can be utilized for application-specific demand forecasting. Before these Seasonal Profiles can be shipped to the retailer, two additional things must occur.
 1. The Seasonal Profiles need to be performance tested for the purpose at hand.
 2. Sometimes, the format of the Seasonal Profiles must be transformed to align with the retailer's installed demand forecasting application.
In Closing
Because Churchill recognizes that Seasonality and the related Seasonal Indexes are a very important component in retail demand forecasting performance and conversely that lack of good Seasonal Indexes will be a major source of forecasting performance error, we take Seasonal Profiling very seriously. One final comment. Year to year, seasonality constantly changes. For example, product assortments evolve, selling locations open and close, holiday dates change, leap year occurs every four years and retail calendars require adjustment. Therefore, to achieve and then maintain high quality forecasts, please recognize that Seasonal Indexes require regular annual updating.
Churchill's Profile Cluster Builder (PCB) is advanced clustering and profiling technology that supports a wide variety of retail planning and forecasting applications. Sound clusters and the resulting profiles are essential to the success of most retail planning applications. Churchill's PCB Tool generates financially sophisticated clusters and profiles for any number of retail planning applications, including:
 - Intelligent Seasonal Profiling™
 - Intelligent Store Clustering™
 - Intelligent Size Profiling™
 - Intelligent Assortment Clustering™
Technology Strengths:
 - Multiple iterations of clusters and profiles ensure optimal results
 - Analysts can quickly focus on high margin and exceptional items
 - Hosted Service sets up and is operational within 60 days
 - Immediate planning application financial improvements
Application Functionality:
 - Identifies optimum hierarchical groupings of entities (ie: item/store, class/size/store, etc.)
 - Recognizes common historical & attribute patterns within each grouping and clusters accordingly
 - Standardized Clusters & Profiles are then built using these demand patterns and attributes
 - Cluster & Profile Fit Thresholds (degree of fit) can be adjusted to the individual retailer's application requirements
 - Outliers and anomalies are promoted to incrementally higher levels until an appropriate lower level solution can be created
 - Each entity (item, store, etc.) is then automatically assigned to a corresponding profile.
 - Output is a compatible file of the profiles or clusters that can overlay an existing planning system file
Additional Features:
 - Specifically designed for the high volumes of today's large retailers
 - Provided as a hosted services application designed to support multiple planning applications (seasonality, sizing, pricing, assortment, etc.)
To


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I have to write an algorithm that find the path in DAG with single source and single sink... I really don't know what to do ( tried to use DSF and topological sort but nothing...) I don't want anyone to solve it for me but just some guidance.
Thank you
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
up vote 0 down vote accepted
BFS finds shortest path in general unweighted graph - and also specifically in DAG [since it is also a graph]. It is also pretty simple to code it.
Note that DFS will find a path - but it doesn't have to be the shortest one.
You might also want to have a look at this post to see how to get the actual path from BFS after running it.
EDIT: according to your comments, it seems you want O(|V|) solution, and it doesn't have to be shortest. a modification of DFS is the way to do then, since the DAG has a single source and a single sink, every path from the source reaches the sink.
Note that since your graph is a DAG and since we established that every path from the source reaches the sink, you don't need to go backward after exploring a certain path [so no recursion or stack is needed].
 map <- new map
 current <- source
 while (current!= target):
 next <- current.getNextVertex() //just chose an arbitrary edge and follow it, doesn't matter which
 map.put(next,current) //we "discovered" next by following current
 current <- next
after running this algorithm, you need to follow back the map from the target to the source - and you get the actual path [reversed of course]
The complexity is indeed O(n) because we visit each node at most once. In order to maintain O(n) the map has to be a hashmap [and not a treemap]. If the vertices are enumerated - you can even implement the map as an array.
share|improve this answer
I dont need to find the sourtest one.. just the one that will take O(n) – Nusha Mar 25 '12 at 20:30
_USER_: What is n? number of nodes in the graph? – amit Mar 25 '12 at 20:30
number of vertices – Nusha Mar 25 '12 at 20:31
_USER_: DFS then gets you a O(n) solution in your case, I updated the answer with more details about it. – amit Mar 25 '12 at 20:45
WOW!!! thank you soooo much! – Nusha Mar 25 '12 at 20:47
Your Answer


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Strategy Result Details
Understanding the results of your generated model
- MAPE: the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), also known as mean absolute percentage deviation (MAPD), is a measure of prediction accuracy of a forecasting method
- The run time refers to the duration it takes to run the model.
- The number of trades refers to the amount of trades the model has simulated.
- Net profit is the difference between initial capital and ending capital at the end of the model's timeframe.
- A positive net profit is a positive return on investment. A negative net profit is a loss on investment.
- Drawdowns are a measure of downside volatility/risk.
- Max drawdown measures the maximum fall in the value of the investment, as given by the difference between the value of the lowest trough and that of the highest peak before the trough.
- For example:A MDD ratio of 25% means you could have lost a maximum of 25% of your equity.
- The Sortino Ratio is a performance metric that measures the risk-adjusted return of an investment using only the downside risk.
- It is calculated as follows:
- Sortino Ratio =
- = Actual or expected portfolio return
- = Risk-free rate
- = Standard deviation of the downside
- It is widely used as an indicator of the "quality" of an investment fund or portfolio.
- This ratio is the most fitting for cryptocurrencies (as opposed to the more commonly used Sharpe ratio) because cryptocurrencies are expected to have higher upside risks and therefore higher profits.
- The higher the Sortino Ratio, the better because a higher value indicates that the portfolio is more efficient and does not take on unnecessary risk without being rewarded with higher returns. When the Sortino Ratio is very low or negative, it means that the investment does not get rewarded for taking on additional risk.
- For example:
- 1.A negative Sortino ratio means that the risk-free rate is higher than the portfolio's return. This value does not convey any meaningful information.
- 2.A Sortino ratio between 0 and 1.0 is considered sub-optimal.
- 3.A Sortino ratio greater than 1.0 is considered acceptable.
- 4.A Sortino ratio higher than 2.0 is considered very good.
- 5.A Sortino ratio of 3.0 or higher is considered excellent.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The scheme takes water from the Waitaki River, pumps it from Borton's Pond (at the intake of the Lower Waitaki Irrigation Scheme) into a canal, and then a second pump station lifts the water to the Head Pond. Three pumped side lines take water from the canal to the Duntroon Line, Glen Settlement and Tilverstowe Lines, and to the Head Pond. From the Head pond a gravity line takes approximately two thirds of the 4 cumecs available down into the Waiareka Valley. A major attraction of this scheme is that the water is delivered under pressure to most farms and in almost every case there is no further pumping needed on the farms.
Up to one cumec of water is consented to be delivered into the Waiareka Creek and this water is used by irrigators further down the Creek. A condition of the resource consent was that NOIC puts an additional 100 litres per second into the Waiareka Creek to improve the habitat of the Creek; this is a major environmental benefit for the district.
Delivery to Farmers Properties
A share provides 0.4 litres per second per hectare which is equivalent of 25mm per week – or almost an inch per week. Water is delivered to the farmers property via an offtake box which is part of the scheme infrastructure. This offtake contains an isolating valve and a pressure reducing valve and flow meter which regulates the pressure and the amount of water able to be delivered to individual properties.
Water Take from Waiareka Creek
Secondary pumping of water is undertaken from the Waiareka Creek to properties serviced from the Waiareka Creek distribution channel provided by the Waiareka Creek to adjacent properties.
Borton's pond was created as the intake area for the Lower Waitaki Irrigation Scheme when it was built in the 1970's. The intake gates are capable of allowing up to 27 cumecs ( 27,000 litres per second) into the pond. Of this 19 cumecs are for the Lower Waitaki Irrigation Company and 8 cumecs are for the North Otago Irrigation Company (NOIC). This is enough water for NOIC to irrigate 20,000 hectares.
Pump Station 1 Adjacent to State Highway 83
The pump station is currently set up for stage one with two main motors and pumps and a smaller stock water supply. The water cooled electric motors are 2.5megawatts each 3350 horse power. Each pump is capable of delivering 2 cumecs (2 tonnes) of water per second. This pump is reputedly the biggest in the Southern hemisphere.
Substation at Pump Station 1 Site
The substation is fed with electricity from the national grid on the north side of the Waitaki River and converts the 110kv supply to 11kv to operate the pumps at the Pump Station 1 (PS1). Transmission lines distribute this electricity to pump station 2 and to pump stations on the Duntroon line. The substation is a partnership between Network Waitaki Ltd and NOIC.
Water Transfer to the Head Pond
A 1.8metre diameter epoxy covered steel pipe takes the water from PS1 up the hill to a 2 kilometre long canal to Pump Station 2 (PS2). From PS2 the water is pumped through a 2.8 kilometre long pipe line to the Head Pond.
The first Duntroon pump station is at the edge of the canal beside Smillies Road. This pump station pumps water to two further pump stations spread over 13 kilometres of pipeline on the Duntroon line. These three pump station are interconnected by fibre optic cables and telemetry to ensure that they operate with each other when water is required by farmers.
The Head Pond holds 30,000 cubic meters of water (30 million litres). The pond is lined with high density polyethylene (HDPE) liner. Sensors at the pond enable pump stations 1 and 2 to automatically fill when the level drops.
Glenn Settlement Tilverstowe Pump Station
Glen Settlement Tilverstowe pump stations draw water from Head Pond and this pressurised water flows through pipes along the Glenn Settlement line and the Tilverstowe line.
From the Head Pond water flows under gravity down the Waiareka line as far as Pig Island Road. Water is distributed to farmers via the Five Forks line, Burnside line and the Windsor Park line. There is 75kms of pipe line to provide water to the farmer's boundaries.
Discharge Structure to Waiareka Creek
Up to 1000 litres per second (1 cumec) can be fed into the Waiareka Creek. The discharge structure below Pig Island Road allows for up to 700 litres per second to be discharged into the creek. Water in the Waiareka line at this point is under very high pressure and the discharge dissipates this pressure before it is released into the Waiareka Creek. NOIC's consent requires the company to maintain the flow in the Waiareka Creek at a minimum of 100 litres per second.


Solving graph coloring problems with the Douglas-Rachford algorithm
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Dec 15, 2016 - Rachford algorithm, despite the nonconvexity arising from the combinatorial nature of the problem. Different modifications of the graph coloring ...
Solving graph coloring problems with the Douglas–Rachford algorithm Francisco J. Arag'on Artacho∗
Rub'en Campoy†
arXiv:1612.05026v1 [math.OC] 15 Dec 2016
Dedicated to the memory of Jonathan Michael Borwein
Abstract We present the Douglas–Rachford algorithm as a successful heuristic for solving graph coloring problems. Given a set of colors, these type of problems consist in assigning a color to each node of a graph, in such a way that every pair of adjacent nodes are assigned with different colors. We formulate the graph coloring problem as an appropriate feasibility problem that can be effectively solved by the Douglas– Rachford algorithm, despite the nonconvexity arising from the combinatorial nature of the problem. Different modifications of the graph coloring problem and applications are also presented. The good performance of the method is shown in various computational experiments.
Keywords:
Douglas–Rachford algorithm, graph coloring, feasibility problem, non-convex
MSC2010: 47J25, 90C27, 47N10
1
Introduction
A graph G = (V, E) is a collection of points V that are connected by links E ⊂ V × V . The points are usually known as nodes or vertices while the links are called edges, arcs or lines. An undirected graph is a graph in which the edges have no orientation; that is, the edges are not ordered pairs of vertices but sets of two vertices. A proper m-coloring of an undirected graph G is an assignment of one of m possible colors to each vertex of G such that no two adjacent vertices share the same color. More specifically, given the set of colors K = {1, . . . , m}, an m-coloring of G is a mapping c : V 7→ K, assigning a color to each vertex. We say that c is proper if c(i) 6= c(j) for all {i, j} ∈ E. The graph coloring problem consists in determining whether is possible to find a proper m-coloring of the graph G. For a basic reference on graph coloring, see e.g. [22]. Graph coloring has been used in many practical applications such as timetabling and scheduling [24], computer register allocation [13], radio frequency assignment [19], and printed circuit board testing [18]. The graph coloring problem was proved to be NPcomplete [23], so it is reasonable to believe that no polynomial-time exact algorithm solving ∗ †
Department of Mathematics, University of Alicante, Spain. e-mail: [email protected] Department of Mathematics, University of Alicante, Spain. e-mail: [email protected]
1
these problems can be found. For this reason, a wide variety of heuristics and approximation algorithms have been developed for solving graph coloring problems. See [25] for a bibliographic survey of algorithms and applications, or the more recent survey [17]. In this paper we show that the Douglas–Rachford algorithm can be successfully used as heuristic for solving a wide variety of graph coloring problems when they are conveniently modeled as feasibility problems. Despite the convergence of the Douglas–Rachford algorithm is only guaranteed for convex sets, the method has been successfully employed for solving many different nonconvex optimization problems, specially those of combinatorial nature (see, e.g., [3, 4, 8, 15]). The Douglas–Rachford method belongs to the family of so-called projection algorithms, which are traditionally analyzed using nonexpansivity properties when the problem is convex. There are very few results explaining why the algorithm works in nonconvex settings, and even less justifying its good global performance. For example, the global convergence of the algorithm for the case of a sphere and a line was proved in [11] (see also [1, 12]), and global convergence for the case of a halfspace and a potentially nonconvex set was recently proved in [5]. For local convergence results involving nonconvex sets, see e.g. [9, 20, 26]. The good performance of the Douglas–Rachford algorithm for solving the problem consisting in coloring the edges of a complete graph with three colors while avoiding monochromatic triangles was shown by Elser et al. in [15]. Elser seems to have been the first to see the remarkable potential of the algorithm for solving nonconvex problems. The paper is structured as follows. Section 2 contains some preliminary results and notions. We show how to model the graph coloring problem as a feasibility problem in Section 3. When available, maximal clique information can be easily added to the model, as explained in Section 3.1. We present two ways of reformulating a 3-SAT problem as a graph coloring problem in Section 3.2. The precoloring and list coloring problems, which are variations of the graph coloring problem, are discussed in Section 4. We also treat in this section a well-known example of the precoloring problem: Sudoku puzzles. In Section 5, we show that the 8-queens puzzle, as well as some generalizations, can be also modeled as modified graph coloring problems. In Section 6, we discuss the Hamiltonian path problem. We report the results of a collection of numerical experiments in Section 7, where we exhibit the good performance of the Douglas–Rachford method for finding a solution of all the graph coloring problems considered along the paper. We finish with various concluding remarks in Section 8.
2
Preliminaries
Let H be a Hilbert space with inner product h·, ·i and induced norm k · k. Given a nonempty subset C ⊆ H and x ∈ H, a point p ∈ C is said to be a best approximation to x from C if kp − xk = d(x, C) := inf kc − xk. c∈C
If a best approximation in C exists for every point in H, then C is called proximal. The projector operator onto C is the set-valued mapping PC : H ⇒ C given by   PC (x) := p ∈ C : kp − xk = inf kc − xk , c∈C
and the reflector is defined as RC := 2PC − I, where I denotes the identity operator. If every point x ∈ H has exactly one best approximation p, then C is called Chebyshev
2
and p is referred as the projection of x onto C. In this case, both PC and RC are singlevalued. Recall that a weakly closed subset of a Hilbert space is convex if and only if it is a Chebyshev set (see, e.g. [2, Theorem 3.2]). Given C1 , C2 , . . . , Cr ⊆ H, the feasibility problem consists in finding a point belonging to all these sets, that is, r \ Find x ∈ Ci . i=1
In many practical situations, the projection onto each of these sets can be easily computed, while finding a point in the intersection of the sets might be intricate. In such cases, and when the sets are convex, the Douglas–Rachford method (DR in short) is a useful tool to solve the problem. Fact 2.1. Let A, B ⊆ H be closed and convex sets. Consider the Douglas–Rachford operator defined as I + RB RA TA,B = . 2 Given any x0 ∈ H, for every n ≥ 0, define xn+1 = TA,B (xn ). Then, the following holds. (i) If A ∩ B = 6 ∅, then {xn } converges weakly to a point x? such that PA (x? ) ∈ A ∩ B. (ii) If A ∩ B = ∅, then kxn k → +∞. Proof. See [7, Theorem 3.13 and Corollary 3.9]. Finitely many sets in a feasibility problem are usually handled by reducing the problem to the two-sets case trough the Pierra's product space formulation. To this aim, consider the Hilbert product space Hr and define the sets C :=
r Y
Ci
and D := {(x, x, . . . , x) ∈ Hr : x ∈ H} .
i=1
While the set D, sometimes called the diagonal, is always a closed subspace, the properties of C are largely inherited. For instance, C is nonempty if C1 , . . . , Cr are not disjoint; and if C1 , . . . , Cr are closed and convex, so is C. Thus, the feasibility problem can be reformulated as a two-sets problem, since r \
x∈
Ci ⇔ (x, x, . . . , x) ∈ C ∩ D.
i=1
Moreover, knowing the projections onto C1 , . . . , Cr , the projections onto C and D can be easily computed. Indeed, for any x = (x1 , . . . , xr ) ∈ Hr , we have !r r r Y 1X PC (x) = PCi (xi ) and PD (x) = xi , r i=1
i=1
see [27, Lemma 1.1]. For further


Say it with feeling!
Or, "More than words"
In this blog post, I will attempt to share some of my current thoughts and related ideas on "Non-verbal communication".
"We have enough food to last for a week"
A straightforward phrase stating a simple fact. But…how does it make you feel?
If you're trapped in a cave, then that fact might make you feel fearful. But, if you're grocery shopping, then that fact might make you feel confident.
Depending on the situation, "having enough food to last for a week" could be good or bad and it might make you feel different emotions.
But, how can you effectively communicate both facts and feelings to others?
In some of my talks and training, I play a game that I call "Say it with feeling!" The game uses a custom deck of cards where each card presents a singular emotion – Anger, Arrogance, Boredom, Confidence, Disgust, Doubt, Fear, Happiness, Reservation, Sadness, Shame, and Surprise – and each emotion is represented by 3 synonyms and 3 images. The object of the game is to try and get others to correctly guess an emotion, and the rules of the game are simple:
 1. A volunteer selects a random card from the deck.
 2. The volunteer then says the phrase "We have enough food to last for a week", verbatim. But, they may use body language, hand gestures, facial expressions, changes to voice tone, pitch, volume, and more to express the emotion represented on the selected card.
 3. The rest of the group must try to guess the emotion being expressed.
An Emotional Deck
The game is fun, but also has interesting outcomes that can be analyzed to learn many lessons.
Sometimes, the group guesses the correct emotion. Great!
But sometimes, the group guesses a similar emotion. For example, the volunteer might be trying to express "Arrogance, Conceit, and Smugness" and the group guesses "Pride". Ok.
But often, the group guesses an incorrect emotion. For example, the volunteer might be trying to express "Surprise, Shock, and Amazement" but the group guesses "Anger". Uh oh!
Whether the emotion was correctly, approximately, or incorrectly guessed, it is always interesting to discuss why. What exactly did the volunteer do to express that particular emotion? And, what exactly did the group see and hear, and how did they interpret it?
It is enlightening to discuss how the volunteer sufficiently/insufficiently expressed the emotion, and how the group correctly/approximately/incorrectly recognized and interpreted the emotion.
For effective communication, it is important to consider both "what is said" and "how it is said". If not, there might be miscommunication that leads to trivial or dire consequences.
Consider what might happen if someone is trying to express "confidence" but it is interpreted as "arrogance"? Or if someone is "shy" but is seen as "bored"?
When communicating, ask yourself: "Do the nonverbal cues and clues reinforce or contradict the message?" If the latter, there might be a problem.
In My Experience, more awareness and understanding of non-verbal communication and its importance has helped me more effectively communicate with others.
I examine and explore "Non-verbal communication" in my talks, "CommuTication" and "The Hidden Requirements".


text:
Mentoring Warm Up Activities
1, 2, 3, TY, 5, 6, LCA
Communicating, Working With Others
Each activity takes from 5 to 10 minutes and involves minimal set-up.
Two Truths & One Lie
Some activities need resources or pre-meeting set up which are outlined at the start of the activity.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Shift Management section of Human Resources helps your Organization manage shifts of your employees.
To use Shift Management in ERPNext,
- Set Up a Shift Type.
- Enter Shift Request.
- View and Manage Shift Assignments.
The Shift Type document allows you to define the different types of Shifts in your Organization and setup the auto attendance for the shift. Auto attendance marks attendance based on 'Employee Checkin' for Employees assigned to the shift.
To access Shift Type, go to:
Home > Human Resources > Shift Management > Shift Type
- Click on New.
- Enter Name, Start Time and End Time
In addition to defining the different shifts in your organization, the Shift Type document also has the setting for auto attendance. Auto attendance marks the attendance for the employees assigned to this shift based on records in the 'Employee Checkin' Document. Auto Attendance for all shift type records are attempted to be marked every hour. You can also trigger the auto attendance manually for a single shift type by pressing the 'Mark Auto Attendance' button in the shift type document.
2.1 Start Time
The time of the day when this shift starts. The time is to be entered in 24Hrs format.
2.2 End Time
The time of the day when this shift ends. The time is to be entered in 24Hrs format.
Note: For cases where the 'End Time' is less that 'Start Time', the shift is assumed to be a night shift that starts on one calendar date and end on the next calendar date.
2.3 Holiday List
The Applicable Holidays for this shift can be selected here. If left blank then the default holiday list from the employee or the company document is taken in to account.
2.4 Enable Auto Attendance
You can use this option to enable marking attendance for the employees assigned to this shift based on their 'Employee Checkin' records.
2.5 Auto Attendance Settings
You can use the following settings to configure the Auto Attendance as per your requirements.
Determine Check-in and Check-out
Employee Check-in may not always have an IN/OUT log type. For, such scenarios you could use this option to get appropriate results from the auto attendance system.
- Alternating entries as IN and OUT during the same shift:
- The first entry is taken as IN followed by the next entry as OUT and the following entry as IN and so on.
- Strictly based on Log Type in Employee Checkin:
- The check-in is determined as IN or OUT strictly based on the 'Log Type' in the Employee Checkin record.
Working Hours Calculation Based On
Working hours can be calculated either by including the breaks in between the shift or by excluding the breaks.
This can be configured using the following options:
- First Check-in and Last Check-out:
- Selecting this option calculates the working hours by considering the first IN and last OUT Employee Checkin during the shift.
- In case the IN/OUT is determined by alternating entries then the first Employee Checkin is considered as IN and the last Employee Checkin is considered as OUT for the purpose of working hours calculation.
- Every Valid Check-in and Check-out:
- Selecting this option excludes the time during which the Employee is checked out.
- i.e. Only the time during which the employee is checked in is calculated as working hours.
Begin check-in before shift start time
Often employees would check-in a few minutes before the shift start time. To consider these check-ins as part of the shift during the caculation of attendance, you could setup this value accordingly.
Allow check-out after shift end time
Often employees would check-out after the shift end time. To consider these check-outs as part of the shift during the caculation of attendance, you could setup this value accordingly.
Working Hours Threshold for Half Day
If the actual number of working hours is less than the given value in this field then the employee attendance is marked as 'Half Day'. If you never want to mark Half Day based on working hours, you should set this value to zero.
Working Hours Threshold for Absent
If the actual number of working hours is less than the given value in this field then the employee attendance is marked as 'Absent'. If you never want to mark Absent based on working hours, you should set this value to zero.
Process Attendance After
The date from which 'Auto Attendance' should start marking attendance. You should set it to a date after which you have Employee Checkin Records for this shift.
Last Sync of Checkin
This is the time upto which attendance is marked based on the Employee Checkin records. You should set this to a date and time upto which the Employee Checkin has been synced. Otherwise an employee might be marked as absent due to the lack of check-in records.
Shift Request is used by an employee to request for a particular Shift Type.
To create a new Shift Request Log go to:
Human Resources > Shift Management > Shift Request


text:
Microscopy Image Enhancement for Cost-Effective Cervical Cancer Screening
We propose a simple and fast method for microscopy image enhancement and quantitatively evaluate its performance on a database containing cell images obtained from microscope setups of several levels of quality. The method utilizes an efficiently and accurately estimated relative modulation transfer function to generate images of higher quality, starting from those of lower quality, by filtering in the Fourier domain. We evaluate the method visually and based on correlation coefficient and normalized mutual information. We conclude that enhanced images exhibit high similarity, both visually and in terms of information content, with acquired high quality images. This is an important result for the development of a cost-effective screening system for cervical cancer.
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
- 1.Blinn, J.: Jim Blinn's Corner: Dirty Pixels. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc. (1998)Google Scholar
- 2.Forster, B., Van de Ville, D., Berent, J., Sage, D., Unser, M.: Extended depth-of-focus for multi-channel microscopy images: A complex wavelet approach. In: IEEE Int. Symp. Biomed. Imaging: Macro to Nano, vols. 1 and 2, pp. 660–663 (2004)Google Scholar
- 4.Joshi, N., Szeliski, R., Kriegman, D.: PSF estimation using sharp edge prediction. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR 2008, pp. 1–8. IEEE (2008)Google Scholar
- 6.Lindblad, J., Sladoje, N., Malm, P., Bengtsson, E., Moshavegh, R., Mehnert, A.: Optimizing optics and imaging for pattern recognition based screening tasks. In: Proc. Int. Conf. on Pattern Recogn., Stockholm, Sweden, pp. 3333–3338, August 2014Google Scholar
- 7.Malm, P.: Image Analysis in Support of Computer-Assisted Cervical Cancer Screening. Ph.D. thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Information Technology (2013)Google Scholar
- 8.Malm, P.: Multi-resolution cervical cell dataset. Tech. Rep. 37. Uppsala University, Division of Visual Information and Interaction (2013)Google Scholar
- 12.Smith, E.H.B.: PSF estimation by gradient descent fit to the ESF. In: Electronic Imaging 2006, pp. 60590E–60590E. International Society for Optics and Photonics (2006)Google Scholar


Advanced User Authentication Process Based on the Principles of 4th Degree Multibrot Fractal Structure
Provided by: NORTH ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY UNION
Topic: Software
Format: PDF
In this paper, the authors are focused on authentication of users inside and outside the information systems. For this purpose is widely used hash function. The proposed process is based on the elements of the fractal geometry. The algorithm here uses a wide range of the fractal sets and the speed of its generation. The system is based on polynomial fractal sets, specifically on the 4th Degree Multibrot. The system meets all the conditions for the construction of hash functions.
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text:
Creating a Trauma-Sensitive School 1: Culture and Environment
This session focuses on environmental awareness, trauma processes, adherence to student's learning styles as well as their attention and behavior levels, and establishing coherent connections through your professionalism to address traumatic school centric issues.
Provide an environment that addresses the needs of students who have experienced trauma
Develop policies and practices to create a compassionate trauma-sensitive and informed school
Facilitate staff awareness of the impact of trauma on student's learning, attention and behavior
Explore models of creating a safe and healing school environment to assist traumatized and stressed children in learning
Develop a strategy to link with medical and mental health professionals to address trauma-induced memory and attention deficits, behavioral and physical health issues, and integration of trauma assessment in special education

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


responsible for sending the URL request and receiving the data back.
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let session = URLSession.shared
 1. Make a data task using the session object and the URL request. This task will send the request to the website and fetch the data.
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let task = session.dataTask(with: request) { (data, response, error) in
 if let error = error {
 print("Error: \(error.localizedDescription)")
 } else if let data = data {
 // Handle the data received from the website
 }
}
 1. Start the data task by calling the resume() method on the task object. This will send the URL request to the website and start fetching the data.
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task.resume()
 1. Handle the data received from the website in the completion handler of the data task. You can parse the data, convert it to a usable format, and update your UI accordingly.
These steps will ensure that your website is reachable with Swift and that you can fetch data from it successfully.
How to monitor website availability with swift?
There are a few different approaches to monitor website availability using Swift. One common method is to use URLSession to make a network request to the website and check the response status code. Here's an example of how you can do this:
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import Foundation
let url = URL(string: "_URL_")!
let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url) { data, response, error in
 if let httpResponse = response as? HTTPURLResponse {
 if httpResponse.statusCode == 200 {
 print("Website is available")
 } else {
 print("Website is not available")
 }
 } else {
 print("Error: \(error?.localizedDescription ?? "Unknown error")")
 }
}
task.resume()
This code creates a URLSession data task to make a network request to the specified URL. It then checks the HTTP status code of the response to determine if the website is available. We can also monitor the website availability by using Swift libraries like Alamofire or Reachability. These libraries provide more advanced features for monitoring the availability of websites and handling network requests.
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Finally the new version of the Realbook preset is here.
There are important news that will make editing the book faster and that will make the result more realistic.
Below are the news summarized in a few cryptic words:
- Quick System for Inserting and Deleting pages
- Realistic Random Distribution System
- New Cover Textures System
- Pages with Thickness
- Parametric Headband
- Adjustable position of the pages
- Landing option for closed and opened pages
- Global Scale Function
- Cover Bend Dimension
- Several Adds and Corrections
Take a look at the videos below to learn more.
If you need a book with a curved spine on the hard cover, just add an FFD deformer as a child of the Cover Base object and deform it. Don't forget to increase the number of X Segments of the Cover Base object.
If you need a book with a custom pages, for example with rounded corners or with thickness and so on, just follow these steps:
Go to the Layer Manager and make the hidden layer visible.
Create your own geometry for the page (with rounded corner, with thickness, …) and make it child of the Piano geometry. Adjust the position and the dimension (depend on your poligon).
3. Now disable the Piano geometry.
4. Return on the Layer Manager and hide the layer again.
5. Duplicate the page.


text:
Transformer accessories - Some common accessories in a transformer
The transformer accessory is not the most important piece in a transformer, it makes the transformer easy to operate and easier to maintain. Without accessories, the transformer would be extremely rudimentary and inefficient. So, what are popular transformer accessories? Joint with MBT to know in the article below.
Table of contents
A liquid level indicator is provided to assist with the transformer's systematic testing under load. It consists of a float arm inside the tank, an indicator pointer and magnetic coupling between the two via a tight liquid separator.
Figure1: Liquid level gauge
The meter can be equipped with SPDT (Double Single Pole Throwing) warning contacts for remote notification of low liquid level. For wiring points and contact terminals, see diagrams for connection of accessories equipped with the transformer.
Related article: Oil-immersed transformer
The thermometer is equipped to indicate the highest liquid temperature in the tank in degrees Celsius. The temperature-sensitive element is mounted in the leak-proof well, allowing the thermometer to be removed without reducing the oil level
Figure 2: Liquid temperature gauge
The device is equipped with a red pointer to show the highest temperature achieved since the last reset. To reset the maximum indicator, rotate the knob in the center of the watch face. The thermometer can be equipped with two SPDT contacts for high-temperature alarms, powering fan circuits, or low-temperature alarms.
The vacuum pressure gauge shows whether the air space in the vessel is under positive or negative pressure. The pressure will vary depending on the transformer temperature. If the transformer loses power or operates under light load in a low ambient environment, the pressure may be negative.
This in itself is nothing to worry about, as long as the pressure vacuum gauge does not remain at zero for any length of time showing signs of a leak. The device can be equipped with a pressure vacuum switch with two SPDT contacts for remote warning of positive and negative pressure.
For wire and contact ratings, refer to the schematic provided with the supplied transformer.
Figure 3: Pressure-vacuum gauge
When requested, the pressure gauge is equipped with a pressure regulator that automatically adjusts the tank pressure to a range from 7.0 psig positive to 3.0 psig negative. The pressure regulator is fitted with valves and joints for gas sampling.
All transformers of the substation are equipped with:
Mechanical pressure reducing valve (PRV), or
Pressure relief device (PRD).
The lid-mounted PRD includes a self-healing spring diaphragm, and a mechanical action indicator. If the tank pressure rises above the device's level, the air pressure will lift the diaphragm and allow the air to escape quickly. As soon as the pressure returns to normal, the diaphragm will reset and reattach the transformer.
Figure 4: Pressure relief device
A mechanical indicator will protrude vertically. This must be manually reset to indicate next action.
The transformer can be equipped with a winding temperature gauge as optional equipment. A temperature-sensitive body is mounted in the leak-proof well, allowing both the device and the body to be removed without reducing the liquid level.
The combination of the two temperatures is indicated on the meter. An additional red pointer is equipped to show the highest temperature achieved since the last reset.
The meter has three separate SPDT switches to control the fan and alarm circuit. For connection setting wiring, refer to the schematic provided with the supplied transformer.
Figure 5: Winding temperature gauge
The device is calibrated to indicate the hottest point of the transformer winding. All contacts are installed in the factory to operate at the temperatures shown in the connection diagram. If you want to re-adjust the contacts, consult the manufacturer for detailed instructions.
If you want to increase the transformer load without overheating the windings, a fan unit can be equipped as an option. Full controls include contact on liquid temperature gauge or coil temperature gauge (when equipped) and "Manual - Automatic control switch".
Figure 6: Transformer cooling fan
For continuous running, the switch is changed to the "Manual" position. In the "Auto" position, the fan is controlled by the temperature gauge's contact points. For exposure and temperature settings refer to the schematic fitted with the transformer provided.
High voltage conductors for parameters 2 .4 kV or more are typically passed through the tank's bottom wall using a ceramic bushing. To prevent mechanical overload of the bushing, only soft connections should be made to the bushing connector.
Figure 7: High voltage busing
Bushings should never be used as a structural part to support other current carrying parts.
If it is necessary to replace its bushing or gasket, proceed as follows:
- Ventilate the tank to atmosphere until the pressure is zero.
- Lower the liquid level to a level lower than the bushing level.
- Remove the nuts and washers used to clamp the bushing flange.
- Pull out bushing if necessary to replace gasket and / or to disconnect cable at inner end of bushing.
Only in rare cases will there be insufficient slack in the cable to facilitate wall-piercing replacement. An alternative means of accessing connections is through manholes.
When reassembling bushing, install a new gasket in the gasket recess on the lower side of the flange to ensure the gasket is properly positioned in the groove. Flat washers and washers with locks should be placed between the mounting nut and the flange. After nuts are tightened with fingers, each nut should be tightened with a torque of 60 ± 5 inches pounds.
Low voltage conductors for ratings in Category 1 .2 kV are typically passed through the wall of the tank using indoor bushing. This is a molded plastic or ceramic bushing.
Figure 8: Transformer low voltage bushing
Low voltage bushing should not be used as a structural part.
If bushing is damaged and transformer coolant leaks, contact your factory representative for proper repair procedures.
The tap-changer provides a means of changing an unpowered transformer's voltage ratio without breaking the transformer sealing. It is operated with a rotating handle located on the side of the transformer. The tap changer is usually supplied with five or seven positions, as indicated on the tap-changer dial pad and transformer instruction nameplate.
Figure 9: De-energized tap changer
The insulating fluid in the substation's transformer station is the conventional transformer oil, the R-Temp ™ liquid, or the Envirotemp ™ FR3 ™ liquid. When makeup liquid is required, use only liquid approved of the same type in the transformer.
It is important to always check the transformer's appropriate liquid level by periodically observing the liquid level meter.
Besides, the dielectric strength of the insulating liquid must be maintained at a high value. Liquid samples should be sampled and tested within a week of energizing and years thereafter.
When a temperature change occurs in a transformer insulation oil, the oil expands or contracts and there is an air exchange that also occurs when the transformer is fully loaded. When the transformer is cooled, the oil level drops and air is absorbed inside. This process is called breathing and the apparatus that travels through the air is called breather. In fact, the silica gel snorkel controls the level of moisture that gets into the electrical equipment during volume changes of the cooling medium and / or outdoor space due to increased temperature.
Figure 10: Breather in a transformer
This is a cylindrical tank that is mounted on a support structure on the roof of the transformer main tank. When the transformer is loaded, the temperature of the oil increases and thus the volume of oil in the transformer increases. Again; when the ambient temperature increases, so does the volume of oil. The transformer storage tank provides enough space for the oil to expand. The transformer tank also acts as an oil storage tank.
Figure 11: Transformer conservator tank
The purpose of the blast vent in a transformer is to prevent damage to the transformer tank due to excessive release of pressure generated inside the transformer.
Figure 12: Explosion vent in a transformer
Oil-immersed transformers are always provided with a radiator. In the case of power transformers, the radiators are removable and transported separately to the site. The upper and lower parts of the radiator are connected to the transformer tank via the valve. These values are provided to prevent oil leakage during the radiator removal from the transformer for cleaning and maintenance purposes.
Figure 13: Transformer radiator
For each country, there are some differences between types of transformer accessories. As a Vietnam transformer manufacturer, we can design and add many types of accessories to the transformer to satisfy international customer demand. If you need a quotation for your transformer. Please contact us [email protected] or hotline: + 84 913006538


Corporate Responsibility and Governance
Australian News Report
Is the Media always being targeting the correct news and showcasing it in correct way? The answer is always uncertain and depends upon case to case. The recent news highlights the 7Eleven store issues related to wages and compensation. Print media is often seen to be biased and the viewpoints are different assumed by different authors and writers. Media is always being known for highlighting the issue and taking the concern to different level by different media sources. The 7-Eleven store issues is highlighted as the Wage Abuse Scandal. The main source of making profit is linked with underpaying the workers at 7-Eleven stores. (Josie Taylor, Sep 2015).
Wage abuse at store is a concern as employees are being paid less than the standards. (Adele Ferguson, Sep 2015) Media focuses the news by highlighting it to be like slavery for employees as they are being paid less for the more work they do. The FLA workplace code of conduct has a clause stating the compensation to be standard and same for every employee working under same designation. All the legal requirements have to be maintained while paying the workers.(Code of Conduct). The issue with the 7-Eleven stores in Australia is the systematic wage abuse by the company and its franchises who are even exploiting the employees since years. Raids at various stores have confirmed the issue to be true. The role of media lies in highlighting the issues to help the public be aware, so the need is to provide the correct and appropriate information which helps the public and common man to understand the issues. Media has helped in transforming the society and raise people's awareness. Corporate issues like wage abuse needs serious actions so that the issues are resolved well on time. As reported by Josie Taylor in ABC news, 7-Eleven stores are underpaying employees by writing less work hours and making employees more for more hours. Under the fair work act, it is mentioned to comply with the award provisions but the franchise stores are not following legal implications. It is evident that fair work should be checked at times for providing employees with fair pay as well as awards and recognition.
The issues are basically the wage abuse and different news channels are viewing the information highlighting the different concerns. Opinions by different reporters are different and the issues are at times missed due to debate between finding exactly the actual problem. As discussed by FC college on "Media's role in society, it is being said that Media is the main source of information sharing is often used for creating awareness, but at times they mislead the public by displaying incorrect information as they perceive it to be correct. The issue of 7-Eleven stores in Australia has ended up the government and The Fair Work Ombudsman to regularly survey the different stores to help stop wage abuse and illegal work and help the public and common people in getting the standards wages for their work. Fair work should regularly update their information and share with Media to help provide information and create awareness about the corporate issues being faced by the country.
 - 7-Eleven wage abuse claims spread to national petrol chain United Petroleum, Exclusive by consumer affairs reporter Josie Taylor, Updated on 2 Sep,2015,
 - 7-Eleven investigation: Convenience store empire 'built on something not much differnt from slavery', Four Corners by Adele Ferguson and Klaus Toft, updated on 31st Aug 2015,
 - 7-Eleven: panics, launches buyout in wake of wage abuse scandal, Date -September 1,
2015, Adele Ferguson, Sarah Danckert, Klaus Toft,
 - Code of Conduct,
 - 'Media's role in society' highlighted at FC College,
Financial review
The news of 7-Eleven stores stating the biggest case of wage abuse so far in Australia is going out of control as media is covering the news on regular basis with highlighting the causes and suggesting the methods to avoid the problems in future. The case is about the wage fraud where employees are paid less than the standards and often working for more hours than exactly they are paid. (Adele Ferguson, Sep 2015) This is also termed as ethical failure by as the employees are facing a serious corporate issue. Media has helped in finding the amount of wages being not paid to the concerned employees. The company is planning for independent panel to review all the allegations and if required will review the franchise agreements and take them back if the stores are unhappy franchises. (The Sydney Morning Herald). The media in this case has helped in finding the exact issue and the concerns which should be taken care of, it also highlights the profits company makes by paying less to the employees. Media is considered as the watchdog of the society as it highlights the correct information on time in front of the public. The most important responsibility of the media lies in as at times media plays role of opposition. It helps in changing the society and has helped in forming public opinion. (Kathakali Nandi, 2011).
The report of underpaying staff and falsifying payroll records is serious concern. Media has helped in presenting the concern to the public. The Fair Work Ombudsman do has obligations which are to be followed and are not to be avoided. ( Ursula Hogben, 31st August 2015 in Report by Ursula Hogben also highlights the various ways we can use to avoid these concerns. In a way Media has helped in finding relevant solutions to the major issues being faced by corporate companies.
Media is the face of the society. Even the Previous report of Australian Financial review discusses about the stores and their labor force has helped public in understanding the issue. Financial review by Adele Ferguson has helped public in knowing the serious wage abuse, scandals, false payroll records and even franchise profit making done by 7-Eleven stores all around the Australia. There were also same concerns in the US regarding the 7-Eleven stores. Media focuses on all the different angles of the news before presenting it to the public. The figures and stats clearly highlight the wages and the profits being made by the company franchises stores. Different opinions by different reporters and new channels often confuse the public about the exact situation and lead to debate at times. But most of the times media acts as an eye opener, as it helps in general public be aware of the corporate issues employees often face at work. It is highly important for the reporters to work according to the need of the situation. Different reports should consist different pieces of information as the audience varies.
Responsibility of Media is to present right information at right time to create awareness.
Kathakali Nandi, year 2008-11,
 - How we can stop the 7-Eleven ripoff happening again, published by Ursula Hogben on
31st August 2015, Updated on 2 September 2015, GUN1VPblhzL
 - 7-Eleven: panics, launches buyout in wake of wage abuse scandal, September 1 2015, Adele Ferguson, Sarah Danckert, Klaus Toft,


text:
Quasiperiodic one-dimensional photonic crystals with adjustable multiple photonic band gaps
URI (for links/citations):_URL_
Vyunishev, Andrey M
Pankin, Pavel S
Svyakhovskiy, Sergey E
Timofeev, I V
Vetrov, Stepan Ya
Институт инженерной физики и радиоэлектроники
Институт нанотехнологий, спектроскопии и квантовой химии
Кафедра теоретической физики и волновых явлений
Journal Name:Optics Letters
Journal Quartile in Scopus:Q1
Journal Quartile in Web of Science:Q1
Bibliographic Citation:Vyunishev, Andrey M. Quasiperiodic one-dimensional photonic crystals with adjustable multiple photonic band gaps [Текст] / Andrey M Vyunishev, Pavel S Pankin, Sergey E Svyakhovskiy, I V Timofeev, Stepan Ya Vetrov // Optics Letters. — 2017.
We propose an elegant approach to produce photonic band gap structures with multiple photonic band gaps (PBGs) by constructing quasiperiodic photonic crystals (QPPCs) composed by a superposition of photonic lattices with different periods. Generally QPPC structures exhibit both aperiodicity and multiple PBGs due to their long-range order. They are described by a simple analytical expression instead of quasiperiodic tiling approaches based on substitution rules. Here we describe the optical properties of quasiperiodic photonic crystals exhibiting two PBGs that can be tuned independently. PBG interband spacing and their depths can be varied by choosing appropriate reciprocal lattice vectors and their amplitudes. These effects are confirmed by the proof- of-concept measurements made for the porous silicon based QPPC of the appropriate design.


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Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction
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ABRUPTIO PLACENTAE: TO MINIMIZE THE RISK
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Full Text:
Abstract
The analysis of the state of health of pregnant women was made and several risk factors for abruptio placentae were identified. The research was based on a retrospective analysis of 65 birth stories for 2014-2015 on the basis of Regional Perinatal Center of Kursk. We studied the medical history, concomitant somatic pathology and the results of monitoring of pregnancy and childbirth. In the group of studied women 45 (69.23%) of them had a complicated obstetrical and gynecological anamnesis, every second pregnancy was against the background of the threat of interruption, all patients had from 1 to 4 complications of pregnancy; high percentage extragenital primarily to changes in the vascular system of the maternal organism. An increase of various types of pathology complicates the course of pregnancy, including increasing abruptio placentae. This requires pregravid preparation, timely diagnostics and correction of violations, as well as ensuring a close relationship and succession between doctors.
About the Authors
I. N. Medvedevа
Kursk State Medical University
Russian Federation
Medvedevа Irina Nikolaevna – PhD, docent of obstetrics and gynecology faculty of postgraduate education.
Address: ul. Karla Marksa, 3, Kursk, Russia, 305041.
K. S. Svyatchenko
Kursk State Medical University
Russian Federation
Svyatchenko Kseniya Sergeevna – clinical intern of department of obstetrics and gynecology faculty of postgraduate education.
Address: ul. Karla Marksa, 3, Kursk, Russia, 305041
References
1. Andreeva M.D. Akusherstvo, ginekologiya i reproduktsiya / Obstetrics, gynecology and reproduction. 2015; 1: 63-67.
2. Blinov D.V., Zimovina U.V., Sandakova E.A., Ushakova T.I. FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Sovremennaya farmakoekonomika i farmakoepidemiologiya / PHARMACOECONOMICS. Modern pharmacoeconomics and pharmacoepidemiology. 2015; 8 (2): 16-24. DOI:10.17749/2070-4909.2015.8.2.016-024.
3. Dzhobava E.M., Nekrasova K.R., Artizanova D.P., Kheidar L.A., Sudakova G.Yu., Danelyan S.Zh., Blinov D.V., Dobrokhotova Yu.E. Akusherstvo, ginekologiya i reproduktsiya / Obstetrics, gynecology and reproduction. 2013; 1: 45-53.
4. Dolinina A.F., Gromova L.L., Mukhin K.Yu. Epilepsiya i paroksizmal'nye sostoyaniya / Epilepsy and paroxysmal conditions. 2015; 1: 20-24.
5. Zainulina M.S. Zhurnal akusherstva i zhenskikh boleznei. 2004; LIII (4): 19-25.
6. Kudinova E.G., Momot A.P., Trukhacheva N.V. FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Sovremennaya farmakoekonomika i farmakoepidemiologiya / PHARMACOECONOMICS. Modern pharmacoeconomics and pharmacoepidemiology. 2014;7(2):14-18.
7. Morozova E.A., Morozov D.V. Epilepsiya i paroksizmal'nye sostoyaniya / Epilepsy and paroxysmal conditions. 2014; 4: 79-82.
8. Peretyatko L.P., Storozhenko T.V. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya. 2014; 4: 55-63.
9. Petrishchev H.H. Endothelial dysfunction. Causes, mechanisms and pharmacological correction [Disfunktsiya endoteliya. Prichiny, mekhanizmy, farmakologicheskaya korrektsiya (in Russian)]. Spb. 2003.
10. Serov V.N. Critical states in obstetrics [Kriticheskie sostoyaniya v akusherstve (in Russian)]. Moscow. 2003.
11. Tapil'skaya N.I., Gaidukov S.N. Ginekologiya. 2013; 3; 70-74.
12. Tserensambuu Sh., Gantuyaa S., Menkhzayaa M. Byulleten' VSNTs SO RAMN. 2009; 2: 311.
13. Yakimova N.A. Clinical and immunomorphological indicators of vascular lesions in women with premature detachment of normally situated placenta. Abstract of the candidate of medical sciences. [Klinikoimmunomorfologicheskie pokazateli sosudistykh povrezhdenii u zhenshchin pri prezhdevremennoi otsloike normal'no raspolozhennoi platsenty. Avtoref. diss. … kand. med. nauk (in Russian)]. Samara. 1997.
14. Tomiris A.A., Shabelyanov S.O., Mukhamediev M.Sh. International Student's Journal of Medicine. 2015; 2; 52-55.
For citation:
Medvedevа I.N., Svyatchenko K.S. ABRUPTIO PLACENTAE: TO MINIMIZE THE RISK. Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction. 2016;10(3):29-34. (In Russ.) _URL_
Views: 335
ISSN 2313-7347 (Print)
ISSN 2500-3194 (Online)


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Marriott's® Strategy for Contributing to Environmental Conservation
With an increase in global travel comes corporate responsibility for mitigating our business impact on the natural environment. Both in our hotels and beyond, we seek to understand and act on the direct and indirect environmental impacts of our business operations.
Our goals include:
- Further reduce energy and water consumption 20% by 20201. Energy 20 percent per kWh/conditioned m2; Water 20 percent per occupied room (POR). Baseline: 2008
- Empower our hotel development partners to build green hotels2.
- Green our multi-billion dollar supply chain.
- Educate and inspire associates and guests to conserve and preserve
- Address environmental challenges through innovative conservation initiatives including rainforest protection and water conservation


text:
Traditional discussions of gender in Hindu traditions often begin with a critique of patriarchy in orthodox Brahmanical Dharmaśāstras, followed by a turn to potential feminist resources—for example, in goddess worship, Śākta traditions, and Tantra. One effect of this line of thinking has been a relative absence within Hindu studies of reflections on gender in relation to state power, a thematic hallmark of feminist postcolonial histories of South Asia. Geslani's talk reframes the question of gender in premodern Hindu traditions by historicizing orthodox gender theories in relation to other contemporaneous interlocutors. He focuses on royal sexual politics as depicted in the astral sciences, Jyotiḥśāstras, which he argues are crucial texts for uncovering the ideology of the medieval state. When placed in relation to ritual and omenology, an astral theory of conjugality reveals the uniquely gendered power of royal bodies to naturalize political consent.
Marko Geslani is Assistant Professor of Religious Studies at the University of South Carolina. He is the author of Rites of the God-King: Śānti and Ritual Change in Early Hinduism (Oxford University Press 2018).
Sponsored by the IHC South Asian Religions and Cultures Research Focus Group


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Southern Appalachian Birds: An Introduction to Familliar Species (Paperback)
Email or call for price.
The elusive wild turkey is one of over 400 species of birds found in this area's diverse habitats. This beautifully illustrated guide highlights over 140 familiar species of birds found in the Appalachian region spanning Georgia, Tennessee, North Carolina and Virginia. A map of prominent regional bird-viewing hotspots is also included. Laminated for durability, this lightweight, pocket-sized folding guide is an excellent source of portable information and ideal for field use by visitors and residents alike. Made in the USA.
About the Author
Zoologist Jim Kavanagh has made a career out of introducing novices to plants, animals, the sciences and world cultures. In addition to creating over 500 simplified nature guides, he has also authored guides to languages, cities and outdoor skills. An avid traveler and backpacker, Kavanagh's path has taken him around the world to many remote destinations including the upper Amazon, Africa, Australia, and the Arctic Circle (and this is just the As). He is also the author of a series of state-specific guides to common species and natural attractions and a children's book on evolution.


text:
Practitioners' perception of the impact of the vision of policy-makers on practice: The example of the recommendations of the Moser Commission
Ade-Ojo, Gordon O. (2011) Practitioners' perception of the impact of the vision of policy-makers on practice: The example of the recommendations of the Moser Commission. Research Papers in Education, 26 (1). pp. 53-77. ISSN 0267-1522 (Print), _PHONE_ (Online) (doi:10.1080/02671520903257997)Full text not available from this repository.
This paper presents the perception of practitioners of the impact of the Moser Committee recommendations and the Skills for Life agenda it generated. The paper further explores areas of convergence and divergence between practitioners' perceptions and the underpinning values of the Moser Committee recommendations. The study utilised a range of research tools including an online questionnaire, documentary analysis and elements of discourse analysis in the collection and analysis of data. It found that there is substantial divergence between the perception of practitioners and the values underpinning policy. It concludes by suggesting that a varying perception of what constitutes sustainable education and the lack of input from practitioners into policy might be responsible for this significant divergence of opinion and also raised a question on the perceived role of practitioners in the policy‐making process.
|Additional Information:|| Published online: 11 Nov 2009. Published in print: March 2011. Published as: Research Papers in Education, (2011), Vol. 26, (1), 53–77.|
|Uncontrolled Keywords:||policy, Moser committee, practitioners, skills for life, values, literacy paradigms, economic model|
|Subjects:||L Education > LB Theory and practice of education > LB2361 Curriculum|
L Education > LC Special aspects of education > LC5201 Education extension. Adult education. Continuing education
|School / Department / Research Groups:||School of Education|
School of Education > Department of Lifelong Learning & Teacher Education
|Last Modified:||05 Dec 2013 15:31|
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org.netbeans.api.progress/1 1.59
Progress API
Official
See: Description
Progress API
Package Description
org.netbeans.api.progress
This API allows to visualize tracking for progress of long lasting tasks.
org.netbeans.api.progress.aggregate
Advanced progress manipulation, allowing to construct a single progress indication bar from multiple, possibly independent sources.
org.netbeans.modules.progress.spi
Interfaces permitting a UI for the progress system to be supplied.
The module will be autoload. There is an api module and a pluggable implementation. Progress
What is New (see all changes)?
Use Cases
Basic usage
There are 3 types of progress indication:
 - 1. indefinite when it's not known how much time will be needed to complete
 - 2. definite with time estimate for completion (UI shows time that remains)
 - 3. definite without time estimate where the UI shows percentage completed.
The default location of the progress indication is the status bar which aggregates all tasks running in the IDE that show progress. However it's possible to exclude the task from the default location and show the progress in one's custom dialog component. In such a case the same task should not appear in the status line component as well.
It's possible to request cancelling the task from status line progress aggregator if the task allows cancelling.
Progress tasks that get started as a result of explicit user action takes precedence in the status line docked component over tasks that are triggered by the system. (say filesystem refresh for example)
The most common usecase of the API looks like this:
ProgressHandle handle = ProgressHandleFactory.creatHandle("My custom task");
...
// we have 100 workunits
// at this point the task appears in status bar.
handle.start(100);
...
handle.progress(10);
...
handle.progress("half way through", 50);
...
handle.progress(99);
// at this point the task is finished and removed from status bar
// it's not realy necessary to count all the way to the limit, finish can be called earlier.
// however it has to be called at the end of the processing.
handle.finish();
Advanced Usage
In case your usage of the API
 - spans across multiple independent modules,
 - requires adjusting of number of workunits or
 - triggers additional action based on the current progress
then you should consider using the aggregating version of APIs which is similar to the simple APIs but has distinctive differences and additions that allow for more complex scenarios.
It allows to compose the progress bar from 1+ independent sources, all sharing proportional piece of the progress bar. Additionally you can monitor the task's overall progress from one central place and possibly add more contributing sources of the progress during processing.
 // let's have a factory for client code that performs some part of the job to be done..
 Lookup.Result res = Lookup.getDefault().lookup(new LookupTemplate(MyWorkerFactory.class));
 Iterator it = res.allInstances().iterator();
 ProgressContributor[] contribs = new ProgressContributor[res.allInstances().size()];
 int i = 0;
 while (it.hasNext()) {
 MyWorkerFactory prov = (MyWorkerFactory)it.next();
 contribs[i] = AggregateProgressFactory.createProgressContributor("Module X contribution");
 MyWorker worker = prov.createWorker(contribs[i]);
 //... snip ... do something with the worker..
 i = i + 1;
 }
 AggregateProgressHandle handle = AggregateProgressFactory.createHandle("My Task", contribs, null, null);
 // non-cancellable and with out output link.

 // calling start() at the time when the actual long running task starts processing
 handle.start("here we go");
 // ...snip...
 // now the individual MyWorker instances log their progress.
 // possibly in other threads too..
 // ... snip...
 //
 if (myConditionThatSpawnsAnotherContributor()) {
 ProgressContributor cont = AggregateProgressFactory.createProgressContributor("Additional exceptional contribution");
 handle.addContributor(cont);
 // ... snip ...
 }

 // the task is finished when all the ProgressContributors finish..
Exported Interfaces
This table lists all of the module exported APIs with defined stability classifications. It is generated based on answers to questions about the architecture of the module. Read them all...
Group of java interfaces
Interface NameIn/OutStabilitySpecified in What Document?
ProgressExportedOfficial../org-netbeans-api-progress/index.html
Implementation Details
What do other modules need to do to declare a dependency on this one, in addition to or instead of a plain module dependency?
Nothing.
Read more about the implementation in the answers to architecture questions.
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org.netbeans.api.progress/1 1.59


text:
Welcome to the Seekonk Animal Control Page
The Animal Control Officer is the local animal care and control professional. This person helps the public deal with problems caused by animals.This person also works with other local agencies, such as social services and law enforcement, to protect all members of families, both two-legged and four-legged. Long gone are the term "dogcatcher" and the image of a man with a butterfly net.
Animal care and control professionals now perform a variety of services that help animals as well as people:
- Rescuing injured animals
- Controlling stray and potentially dangerous animals roaming at large
- Bringing lost pets to an animal shelter where their owners can reclaim them
The Animal Control Officer works to protect stray, injured, abused, and unwanted animals. This person has different job titles in different communities - animal control officer, animal services officer, humane officer, humane investigator, animal warden - but is the one who responds to calls about neglected or lost animals, and often the first person to provide comfort and compassion to animals in need.
Grant is funded through the sale of "I'm Animal Friendly" license plates.


text:
In soccer a coin toss is used to decide who goes first in a penalty shootout and similarly in American football a coin decides who plays offence in overtime. But is this really fair? This article explores an alternative.
Space is the stage on which physics happens. It's unaffected what happens it and it would still be there if everything in it disappeared. This is how we learn to think about space at school. But the idea is as novel as it is out-dated.
The number pi can be expressed beautifully in terms of infinite sums. For practical purposes though, these sums are rather disappointing: they converge slowly, so you need to sum a large number of terms to get accurate estimates of pi. Here's a clever way to make them converge faster.
Would you stake your fortune on a 100 to 1 outsider? Probably not. But what if, somewhere in a parallel universe, the straggling nag does come in first? Would the pleasure you feel in that universe outweigh the pain you feel in the one in which you've lost? Questions not dissimilar to this one occupy physicists and for entirely respectable reasons.


diabetes medications. See the section below for more details.
Blood Pressure Medication
Rhodiola lowers blood pressure by activating AMPK. We recommend caution when supplementing if you are already taking medication to lower your blood pressure [42].
Many blood pressure medications are also metabolized by CYP2C9. See the section below for more details [43].
Diabetes medications (like metformin) and blood pressure medications may interact dangerously with rhodiola.
CYP2C9 Substrates
Many drugs are broken down by a group of enzymes called cytochrome P450s, or CYPs. In the liver, CYPs metabolize many medications: if CYPs are blocked, these medications will stay in the bloodstream for longer and in higher concentrations. Their effects may then be more intense [44, 7].
Contradictory studies have suggested two opposite effects of Rhodiola on the CYP enzyme CYP2C9. In two studies, it blocked the effects of CYP2C9; in one study, salidroside alone increased the activity of CYP2C9. More research is required to fully understand how this plant and its active compounds affect CYP2C9 [44, 7, 45].
CYP2C9 substrates include any compound metabolized by this enzyme. These medications may reach higher blood levels when combined with Rhodiola extracts:
 - NSAIDs like aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil or Motrin) and naproxen (Aleve) [46]
 - Anticoagulants like warfarin [43]
 - Blood pressure medication like losartan [43]
 - Phenytoin, which is prescribed to prevent seizures [44, 47]
Some of these medications, especially warfarin and phenytoin, have a narrow therapeutic index. This means that very small variations in dose can have a wide variety of effects. In some cases, even a change in diet can alter the effect of these drugs. Rhodiola may interact with warfarin and phenytoin in unexpected ways. Consult your doctor before supplementing if you are taking these medications [47, 44, 48].
Other drugs increase or decrease the activity of CYP2C9 and may interact with Rhodiola, but these interactions have not yet been studied. We advise caution when combining this herb with any prescription medication.
Rhodiola extract may affect CYP2C9, an enzyme responsible for breaking down NSAIDs, anticoagulants, and many other medications. Talk to your doctor and discuss all of your medications before taking rhodiola supplements.
Genetics
PRKAA1
PRKAA1 is a gene that produces the most active piece of the AMPK protein. Among women living at high altitudes, variations in this gene affect the birth weight of their children and the width of the artery that feeds the baby in the womb. In particular, women with certain variations in the SNPs rs929785, rs1345778, and rs3805490 had wider uterine arteries and gave birth to heavier babies [49].
This effect may be caused by increased AMPK activity, which has a protective effect in low-oxygen environments. Because Rhodiola activates AMPK, people with variations in these SNPs may react more strongly to it; this interaction has not been confirmed. More research is required to confirm interactions between PRKAA1 and compounds that affect AMPK [49, 50].
COMT
COMT is an enzyme that inactivates and breaks down dopamine (and other monoamines) in the brain. It ensures that dopamine levels don't stay too high, which is important for the correct function of the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia [51, 52].
Variations in the COMT gene may affect your personality profile, making you more of a "worrier" or "warrior". The worrier has lower COMT function, more available dopamine, and stronger memory and attention; the warrior has higher COMT, less available dopamine, and better performance under stress [53, 54].
Rhodiola inhibits COMT and raises the amount of available dopamine in the brain. Thus, people with low COMT function are better off avoiding this adaptogen, as well as all other herbal COMT inhibitors [55].
People with certain genetic variants in the PRKAA1 and COMT genes may respond differently to rhodiola supplements.
Ashwagandha and Rhodiola
Rhodiola is often combined with other herbal supplements, including ashwagandha. Some practitioners recommend combining these two herbs to improve ADHD symptoms; however, there are no formal studies on this herbal blend [1].
Ashwagandha decreases stress by reducing the amount of cortisol and other stress hormones in the body. Ashwagandha also improves cognitive function and has antioxidant and immune-boosting effects [56, 57, 58, 59].
However, ashwagandha and Rhodiola have different active components. Ashwagandha's therapeutic effects are probably caused by withaferin A and withanolide D; Rhodiola's most active components are salidroside and rosavin. These compounds, in combination, may work better than any one of them alone. However, this has yet to be researched [60, 61].
Rhodiola may be combined with ashwagandha in certain commercial supplements. There is no available clinical research investigating this combination.
Takeaway
Rhodiola may work well for people looking to handle stress better, feel more energized and avoid burnout and chronic fatigue. Traditionally, it is also used at high altitudes to increase blood flow, protect the heart, and enhance brain function.
This herb has many potent bioactive compounds, including salidroside and rosavin, and drug interactions are possible. Consult your doctor if you plan to start supplementing, especially if you are currently on prescription medications.
Further Reading
About the Author
Jasmine Foster
Jasmine Foster
BS (Biology), BEd
Jasmine received her BS from McGill University and her BEd from Vancouver Island University.
Jasmine loves helping people understand their brains and bodies, a passion that grew out of her dual background in biology and education. From the chem lab to the classroom, everyone has the right to learn and make informed decisions about their health.
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text:
Date of Award
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
In this dissertation, a general method to determine the vertical effective stress in shales while drilling is developed. The concept is applied to the development of a model restricted to sodium smectitic shales, which are interpreted using Measurement-While-Drilling (MWD) resistivity data. Effective stress is introduced as the key parameter in the evaluation of petrophysical properties of shales, which provides a wide range of applications to the method. The model comprises two interpretation modules: an electrical module converts shale resistivity into porosity using a new formation factor relationship adapted from previous work, and a mechanical module relates porosity to void ratio using the one-dimensional compression theory. This approach eliminates the use of normal trends and allows a true real-time interpretation. Most of the advantages of the new model relative to conventional techniques result from the modular approach, which also leaves room for future improvements. In particular, the electrical module can be replaced by any other algorithm capable of providing shale porosity. Two applications are described. The first application allows the real-time evaluation of pore pressure, which is obtained from effective vertical stress using Terzaghi's relationship. The model lends itself particularly well to field implementation. It proved extremely versatile in a variety of drilling environments, including exploration drilling, and more accurate than conventional methods during field tests. The second application provides in situ shale permeability estimates using correlations between permeability and effective stress. A new experimental procedure is suggested to develop such correlations. The effective stress concept appeared to be a powerful interpretation tool in the study of shales, and it is suggested that generalized "effective stress logs" be developed and used routinely in the evaluation of saturated porous media.
Alixant, Jean-louis Jerome, "Real-Time Effective Stress Evaluation in Shales: Pore Pressure and Permeability Estimation." (1989). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 4828.


text:
THE FREE METHODIST CHURCH
The Free Methodist Church was formed out of a movement to bring renewal to the Methodist Episcopal Church during the mid-1800's. The movement never set out to form a new denomination, but was instead advocating for a return to Methodist ideals within the Methodist Episcopal Church that had been compromised during the nineteenth century – most notably the denouncement of slavery, and the pursuit of holiness in the life of the believer. They also became outraged at the renting of church pews to raise money that resulted in the poor being left standing at the back of a church service, even when there were unoccupied seats. The controlling establishment, however, rejected this movement, and cast out its leaders, who eventually met at Pekin, N.Y., in 1860 and formed the Free Methodist church under the leadership of B.T. Roberts.
The fledgling denomination soon grew in an explosion of church planting and mission. By the late 1800's the denomination had grown across the northern United States and the number of churches in the Pacific Northwest region had become so numerous that it had to be split into three groups called "annual conferences." One of these conferences was the Oregon Conference of the Free Methodist church, which was inaugurated in 1895 with 51 churches across the state.
Today the Free Methodist Church has more than 1.3 million members in nearly 90 countries world-wide, and is growing year on year. For more information feel free to investigate the links below.


text:
For precise measurement in ceramic glaze or slip preparations, converting tablespoons to teaspoons accurately is crucial. This simple converter tool is here to assist you.
Tablespoons to Teaspoons Converter
Utilizing the Converter
The conversion process is straightforward:
- Input Tablespoons: Enter the number of tablespoons you need to convert.
- Get Teaspoons Instantly: The tool calculates and displays the equivalent in teaspoons.
- Incorporate into Your Mixtures: Use this accurate conversion for precise measurements in your ceramic recipes.
Why Accurate Conversions Matter
A Tablespoons to Teaspoons Converter is crucial for ceramic artists who need precise measurements for creating specific glazes or clay mixtures. This converter helps in accurately translating between these two units, which is essential for ensuring the correct chemical balance in ceramic recipes. Consistently using the same measuring tools for these conversions guarantees precision, and documenting these measurements in recipes aids in replicating and scaling the mixtures, essential for maintaining consistency and quality in ceramic art.


text:
Two weeks ago, I had the chance to present to the Young Members Group of the Structural Engineering Association of Metro Washington on the topic of Multi-Story Light-Frame Shear Wall Design. With all of the large firms in the D.C. area, it wasn't a big surprise to find out that only about one-third of the group had experience with light-frame shear wall design.
However, while researching civil/structural engineering programs in the Midwest and Northeast last week (for our Structural Engineering/Architecture Student Scholarship program), I was disappointed to find that only about a quarter of the top engineering programs offer a wood design course. So I thought it might be helpful to post a wood shear wall design example this week.
The example is fairly basic but includes an individual full-height and perforated shear wall analysis for the same condition. The design is based on wind loading and SPF framing, both common in the Midwest/Northeast, and is based on the provisions and terms listed in the 2008 Special Design Provisions for Wind and Seismic (SDPWS), available for free download here, along with the recently posted 2015 version.
Multi-Story Shear Wall Example: Wind Loads with SPF Framing
- 2012 IBC & 2008 SDPWS
- 3-Story Wood Framed Shear Wall Line
- ASD Diaphragm Shear Forces from Wind as Shown
- Wall and Opening Dimensions as Shown
- Determine total shear force in each shear wall line.
- Determine the Induced Unit Shear Force, v, for use with both shear wall types and the Maximum Induced Unit Shear Force, vmax, for the perforated shear wall collectors, shear transfer, and uniform uplift. Note the following:
- vmax requires the determination of the Shear Capacity Adjustment Factor, CO, for the perforated shear wall.
- The SDPWS provides two methods for determining CO, a tabulated value or a calculated value. This example uses the more precise calculated value.
- The perforated method requires the collectors be designed for vmax and the bottom plate to be anchored for a uniform uplift equal to vmax (as illustrated in the following figure).
- Reverse wind loading will require a mirror image of the T & C forces shown in the following figure.
- The tension forces, T, shown in the example reflect the cumulative tension forces as they are transferred down from post-to-post, as is typical with traditional holdowns. For continuous rod systems like ATS, the incremental tension forces (resulting from the unit shear, vor vmax, at that level only) must also be determined as shown in the shear wall specification table at the end of this example.
- Individual Full-Height Shear Wall:
i. v3=227 plf: Use 7/16 OSB with a 6:12 nailing pattern which has an allowable load of 336 plf
ii. v2=409 plf: Use 7/16 OSB with a 4:12 nailing pattern which has an allowable load of 490 plf
iii. v1=591 plf: Use 7/16 OSB with a 3:12 nailing pattern which has an allowable load of 630 plf
B. Perforated Shear Wall (apply CO factor to allowable shear capacity):
i. v3=227 plf: Use 7/16 OSB with a 6:12 nailing pattern which has an allowable load of 255 plf
ii. v2=409 plf: Use 7/16 OSB with a 3:12 nailing pattern which has an allowable load of 479 plf
iii. v1=591 plf: Use 7/16 OSB on both sides of the wall with a 4:12 nailing pattern which has an allowable load of 338*2=676 plf
5. Size the posts for compression. Simpson provides some useful tables in the back of the connector catalog with allowable tension and compression loads for a variety of sizes, heights, and species of posts.
6. Select holdowns for the tensions loads and verify post sizes are sufficient. For higher aspect ratio shear walls, the post size and holdown type may significantly reduce the moment arm between center of tension and center of compression, resulting in higher tension and compression forces.
The tables below show the shear wall specification for the walls in the example in a typical format. Note that they do not include some detailing that is required for items such as the uniform uplift force on the bottom plate of all perforated shear walls, or the perforated shear walls with OSB sheathing on both sides.
There are different ways to address the loads, so let us know if you would do anything differently in your designs.


LiveCode LessonsLiveCode Data Grid Using The Built-In Field EditorHow Do I Save Changes The User Makes In An Editor Field To An External Data Source?
How Do I Save Changes The User Makes In An Editor Field To An External Data Source?
When Calling EditFieldText with 3 Parameters (Simpler)
When calling EditFieldText with all three parameters (which is what a data grid column does by default) the data grid will automatically save the text that the user enters in the dgData array. That means that all you need to do is save the text of the editor field to your external data source in the CloseFieldEditor message. Note that if you save anything other than the text of pFieldEditor then your data source will not match the dgData value.
Here is an example script that goes in the Data Grid group script.

## An example that saves
on CloseFieldEditor pFieldEditor
put the dgColumn of the target into theColumnBeingEdited
put the text of pFieldEditor into theNewText
## Save data to database using command I defined
put "Person" into theTable
## Get the unique id of the row in the database we want to edit
put GetDataOfIndex(the dgIndex of the target, "id") into theRowID
SaveDataToDatabase theTable, theRowID, theColumnBeingEdited, theNewText
end CloseFieldEditor
When Calling EditFieldText with 1 Parameter (More Flexible)
If you are working with data grid forms or decide to override the default behavior for data grid columns then you will make the call to EditFieldText yourself. For complete control over what gets saved you only pass in 1 parameter to EditFieldText. By passing in 1 parameter you are responsible for saving any changes to dgData.
Assume you made the following call in a data grid form:
EditFieldText the long id of field "Name" of me
CloseFieldEditor would still be sent when the user changes the contents of the field but would need to contain code for saving the changes to the dgData array.
Here is an example script that goes in the Data Grid group script.
## CloseFieldEditor placed in data grid script
on CloseFieldEditor pFieldEditor
put the dgColumn of the target into theColumnBeingEdited
## Store UTF8 text
put unidecode(the unicodetext of pFieldEditor, "UTF8") into theNewText
## Save data to database using command I defined
put "Person" into theTable
## Get the unique id of the row in the database we want to edit
put GetDataOfIndex(the dgIndex of the target, "id") into theRowID
SaveDataToDatabase theTable, theRowID, theColumnBeingEdited, theNewText
## Update dgData.
## Setting dgDataOfIndex will refresh the data grid display as well as update dgData
put the dgDataOfIndex[ the dgIndex of the target] of me into theDataA
put theNewText into theDataA[theColumnBeingEdited]
set the dgDataOfIndex[the dgIndex of the target] of me to theDataA
end CloseFieldEditor
6 Comments
JKrische
Point of clarification:
in the examples, your step that actually does the DB save is told the table, the column and the new value... but not the row ID? Would this not update EVERY row, putting the new value in the selected column for ALL rows? Since I can't imagine that was the intent here, how indeed are you telling the DB to update just the one row you wanted to change?
Trevor DeVore
@jkrische: yes, the id was unintentionally left out in the example. I've updated the example so that it includes code that gets the unique row id to use when updating the database.
Sean Cole
What is the SaveDataToDatabase command and what does it do?
Trevor DeVore
@Sean - The command isn't defined in the example script. It is an example of a command you would call to save the changes to your database. This is something you would have to implement yourself as it would be specific to your project.
Sean Cole
Ah, ok. It was 'how to save to an external source' that I was trying to understand (which is probably the bit in that command). I figured this was the best place to come. I'm trying to output a data grid to a data file directly (not as text file in csv but as something I can reload quickly as is as persistent storage as the custom properties are not storing them as I expected and return to they're original values at stack load.
Trevor DeVore
A sqlite database is one option. There is a lesson on using one at _URL_
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