text:
Including All Apps in a Service Plan
The disable-aps-filter operation is used to make all apps available to subscribers of a certain service plan.
Request Packet Structure
A request XML packet allowing plan subscribers to install all available apps includes the disable-aps-filter operation node:
The disable-aps-filter node is presented by type ServicePlanApsFilterInputType (
domain_template.xsd). Its graphical representation is as follows:
- The filter node is required. It serves to specify the criteria by which the necessary service plans will be selected from the database. Data type: DomainTemplateFilterType (
domain_template.xsd). See the Available Filters section for details on this node.
- The owner-id node is optional. It specifies the ID of the service plan owner. Data type: integer.
- The owner-login node is optional. It specifies the login name of the service plan owner. Data type: string.
Important: When creating request packets, put nodes and elements in the order they follow in the packet structure.
Response Packet Structure
The disable-aps-filter node of the output XML packet is of complex type (
domain_template.xsd) which has the following presentation:
- The result node is required. It wraps the response got from the server. Data type: resultFilterType (
- The status node is required. Specifies the execution status of the operation. Data type: string. Allowed values: ok | error.
- The errcode node is optional. Returns the error code when the operation fails. Data type: unsignedInt.
- The errtext node is optional. Returns the error message if the operation fails. Data type: string.
- The filter-id node is optional. Returns the parameter by which the service plan was filtered by in the request packet. Data type: anySimple.
- The id node is optional. Returns the identifier of the service plan specified in the request. Data type: id_type (
This packet makes available all apps to the service plan base_plan.


text:
Lighting the WayBy Bien, Alexei ; Edutopia,
Publication Date: July 2007
Article focuses on Sound Shadows, which is an experimental photography program for students with visual disabilities at Governor Morehead School for the Blind. The project was conducted from 1992 to 1997, while a book titled "Seeing Beyond Sight" chronicles the experience of 36 students ages 12 to 19. The students learned how to point and shoot, and they were also taught to use a camera to recreate dreams and to express personal vision. They used autofocus cameras, which allowed them to use sound and touch as a way to compose their images. The book features roughly 150 images from the Sound Shadows program, along with captions from the student photographers.
Published by: George Lucas Educational Foundation (Website:_URL_)
Link to text: _URL_

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


The Edinburgh volcano
Edinburgh – home of the Scottish Parliament, Military Tattoo, Princes Street and gardens, Scott memorial, Murrayfield, Valvona and Crolla's food emporium, sundry pubs (!), the fringe, volcanoes … eh, volcanoes? Surprising as it may be to some people, Edinburgh plays host to a great variety of igneous rocks. The most obvious, and in our case…
Sahara, Scotland
The conifers stand tall, straight. They look old but there are patches where trees have been cut, and there is replanting elsewhere, evidence of tree harvesting. The evergreen forest is popular with tourists. This is in spite of the latitude: there are more northerly places in Scotland, but not many. The climate is not as…
Fingered by the Plume
In the last few years new data about the Icelandic mantleplume has emerged that forever has changed how we look at it, and how it affects Iceland. In yon olden days, it was perceived through the eyes of the original plume model that was devised to explain the Emperor Seamount Chain and Hawaii. That means…
The stones of Calanais
How Scotland met England The stones form an irregular circle, surrounding the taller stone in the centre. On one side of the small hill, an arm from the Atlantic ocean approaches, across a single-lane track. On the other side, a field, a small road and a few houses. Silence reigns: the only sounds come from…


text:
Inverse Estimation of Parameters in a Nitrogen Model Using Field Data
- Barbara Schmied *,
- Karim Abbaspour and
- Rainer Schulin
An important step in numerical modeling is the determination of model parameters. Because of practical limitations, as well as time and financial constraints, inverse algorithms have in recent years presented an attractive alternative to direct methods of parameter estimation. In this study we linked the inverse algorithm of SUFI with the simulation program LEACHM to study N turnover of an agricultural field. Addressing the inherent modeling uncertainties, we introduce the concept of conditioned parameter distributions as being a more appropriate alternative to best-fit parameters Conditioned parameter distributions are quantified within uncertainty domains, and the task of an inverse model then is to reduce or condition this domain through minimization of an appropriate objective function. Propagating the uncertainty in the conditioned parameter distributions will result in simulations where most of the measurements are respected or fall within the 95% confidence interval of the Bayesian distribution (95PCIBD). In this study we used measured pressure heads and NO3 concentrations to estimate 12 hydraulic parameters and up to 14 N turnover–related parameters. Most of the measurements in three soil layers fell within the 95PCIBD. Exceptions were some observed pressure heads corresponding to intense rainfall events and periods of soil freezing, as well as some high NO3 concentrations in the subsoil between 40- and 70-cm depth. We attributed the discrepancies to processes that were not addressed by the simulation model such as freezing and short-circuiting due to macropore flow.Please view the pdf by using the Full Text (PDF) link under 'View' to the left.
Copyright © 2000.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text: We have succeeded in growing monocrystalline ferrimagnetic Mn2Sb thin films on (001) GaAs by molecular-beam epitaxy. From the reflection high-energy electron and x-ray diffraction patterns, the orientation of Mn2Sb films grown on (001) GaAs substrates was found to be with the c axis normal to the surface. This direction is also the easy magnetization direction as determined by superconducting quantum interference device measurements at room temperature. Magneto-optical spectra of these films showed a much larger magneto-optical Kerr effect than bulk data from the infrared to the blue wavelength region. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.


text:
Measure AC Performance Metrics of Binary Weighted DAC
This example shows how to find the AC performance metrics such as SNR, SINAD, SFDR, ENOB, noise floor and settling time of a binary weighted DAC block.
Open the model
dac_ac_error. The model consists of a Binary Weighted DAC block and a DAC Testbench.
model = 'dac_ac_error'; open_system(model)
The parameters of the Binary Weighted DAC are kept at their default values.
In the DAC Testbench block, the Measurement option is set to
AC. In the Setup tab, the Autofill setup parameter button is used to automatically propagate the setup parameters from the DAC block. Show spectrum analyzer during simulation option is also checked.
Run the simulation for
The measured AC performance metrics are displayed on the DAC Testbench block.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
EPIDEMICS of poliomyelitis usually start about the time fruits and vegetables begin to ripen. This is true not only for epidemics in the north, but also for those in the south temperate zone.1
Many patients with poliomyelitis admitted to City Hospital, Cleveland, gave a history of eating fruits just prior to the onset of the disease and often spontaneously connected the eating of fruits with the disease.
One of us (Toomey) has often suggested that the virus which causes the infection could be carried into the gastrointestinal tract either in or on food. He has made numerous, but unsuccessful, attempts to initiate and to propagate the disease in animals by injecting extracts or washings from fruits and vegetables.2 Peaches are frequently implicated by the laity, and these stone fruits are often infected with viruses. It occurred to us that Prunus virus I (peach yellows), or some other virus


Sign up ×
Can a regularisation of the determinant be used to find the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian in the normal infinite dimensional setting of QM?
Edit: I failed to make myself clear. In finite dimensions, there is a function of $\lambda$ whose roots are the eigenvalues (or inverses of the eigenvalues) of a given operator $U$, namely, the characteristic polynomial $\det (I-\lambda U)$. Is there some way of regularising this determinant to do the same thing in infinite dimensions? In general? Or at least for unitary operators which describe the time evolution of a quantum mechanical system?
link to a related question What does a unitary transformation mean in the context of an evolution equation?
EDIT: Perhaps the question still is not clear. The question was, and still is, ¿if you regularise $\det(I-\lambda U)$ as a complex valued function of $\lambda$, for $U$ a unitary operator, will its zeroes be the values of $\lambda$ such that $I-\lambda U$ fails to be invertible? ¿Has a non-zero kernel? ¿Or does regularising the determinant lose touch with that property of the finite dimensional determinant?
share|cite|improve this question
Can you please clarify the question? Do you mean, can you discretize the Schrordinger eigenvalue problem to a finite dimensional system, and then find the eigenvalues E of the finite dimensional matrix M using det(M-EI)=0, and recover the correct levels E in the limit that the dimension of the system goes to infinity? – Ron Maimon Jan 3 '12 at 8:37
That would be the best possible answer, but I could settle for less. I'll try to rephrase the question, too. – joseph f. johnson Jan 3 '12 at 8:50
Then your question is not about the determinant at all, but about regulating the Schrodinger operators computationally. This is very easy to do, it is normal in computational studies, but I am not sure how much is rigorously known about the continuum limit. – Ron Maimon Jan 3 '12 at 12:35
I don't know why you say "regularizing". I gave you the "regularized" form below. I think you mean something different, "regularization" means putting the theory on a lattice, or breaking the continuum limit some other way, like doing an infinite sum with additional factors. You are asking whether the determinants converges after appropriate rescaling in the large L small $\epsilon$ limit to a unique function of $\lambda$, and it might, for the appropriate class of potentials. Zeta-function regularization is often used. Convergence isn't necessary for PI. – Ron Maimon Jan 4 '12 at 18:12
I don't know whether this makes a difference, except in grammar, but I did not say « regularising », I said « regularisation », and that is because that is the normal word for altering the definition of a divergent function (or integral) to make it convergent yet still agree with the original if the original were convergent. E.g. zeta function regularisation of the determinant. Lattice methods are one method of regularisation but not the only one. AFAIK, the zeta function regularisation doesnt work for the characteristic poly, and even if it did, wouldnt have the eigenvalues as roots. – joseph f. johnson Jan 4 '12 at 22:12
2 Answers 2
The continuum eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Schrodinger operator are the limiting low-lying eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the discrete lattice approximations. Given a Schrodinger operator
$$ H= \sum_i A_i \partial_i^2 + V(x_1,....,x_n) $$
Where V is of the appropriate class (smooth is too restrictive--- you can have delta functions too, and random potentials, but I don't know the best possible function class--- it might be any integrable potential, i.e., any potential at all EDIT: of course it can't, as the -1/r^n energy levels run away to be localized on top of the attractive spot. The correct condition on the potential is involved, but you can take it to be continuous for this discussion), you replace the x's by a square lattice of spacing $\epsilon$ and of total size L in each direction with periodic boundaries, replace the $\nabla_i$ by the lattice $\nabla_i$
$$ (H_L \psi) (x) = \sum_i {A_i\over \epsilon^2} (\psi(x_i + \epsilon) - 2\psi(x_i) + \psi(x_{i-1})) + V_L(x) \psi(x) $$
Where V_L(x) is the integral over one lattice volume of the continuum V(x) in an $\epsilon$ box centered at x, and the discrete second derivative is the difference between the forward difference and the backward difference.
Then the approximately smooth low lying eigenvectors of $H_L$ converge to the eigenvalues of H in the continuum limit, and as for the high eigenvectors, who cares, these are lattice artifacts. I am sure that it is possible to prove all this rigorously, although from the physical point of view, if it were not the case, the Schrodinger equation would be physically suspect.
You can see the convergence on a computer, if you simulate a discretized Schrodinger operator. You can prove the convergence of the discrete to continuous propagator relatively easily from the path integral. For the individual eigenvalues and eigevectors, things will be somewhat more involved. If you want a mathematical proof, I can try to sketch one.
EDIT: Determinant formula
If you look at the eigenvalue equation for the finite dimensional operator $H_L$,
$$det(H_L - \lambda I)$$
you find a finite degree polynomial, whose zeros are the eigenvalues of the equation in the limit $\epsilon\rightarrow 0$, $L\rightarrow\infty$.
share|cite|improve this answer
You mean $det(H_L - \lambda I)$. This is a finite degree polynomial in $\lambda$ whose eigenvalues are those of $H_L$. – Ron Maimon Jan 3 '12 at 23:16
you seem to be saying that it is the set of zeroes which has a limit? Not the polynomial? – joseph f. johnson Jan 3 '12 at 23:55
_USER_: yes--- it is not obvious that the polynomial is converging, but for sure the zeros are. But when you get a certain set of zeros, you can write an Euler product formula and make an analytic function which has these zeros, and perhaps this gives a unique correct continuum notion of infinite dimensional determinant, I am not sure. I always think of it regulated. – Ron Maimon Jan 4 '12 at 7:06
It seems, then, that the answer to my question is « no », but you are not sure. – joseph f. johnson Jan 4 '12 at 8:27
_USER_: The answer seems to be yes, I didn't work out the limit of the polynomial, but an analytic function is usually specified by its infinite set of zeros and some additional constraints, like a polynomial of infinite degree. I am not sure under what conditions the convergence is guaranteed, and convergence of the determinant is not necessary for any of the physics results, but the mathematical topic is Fredholm theory. – Ron Maimon Jan 4 '12 at 8:39
As you have already mentioned, there are many ways to understand'regularization' and it is not very often connected with discrete limit - rather, these are dirty tricks to give a meaning to certain sums/integrals which are clearly divergent. Here, the problem is different - we do not know a priori WHAT should be this divergent object - to have divergence we have to have a limit and we have no limit so far. So, the question is rather about the definitnion than about'regularization' which might be necessary in later steps.
So, i may suggest a definition - we have an identity for finite dimensional operators (let us assume U unitary), : $det(I-\lambda U) = exp(Tr(ln(I-\lambda U))$. This is always correct - because $I-\lambda U $ is normal and therefore diagonalizable.
We can expand ln in Taylor series around 1 to obtain (ordinary Taylor series when U is in eigenbasis, no problems with radius of convergence when looked upon U - as modulus of all U's eigenvalues is 1).
$$ det(I-\lambda U) = exp(- \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{\lambda^n}{n} Tr\, (U^n) ) $$
Now we have an expression explicitly containing a limit and at the same time well defined for U an operator in finite dimensional complex Hilbert space. Note, that the appearance of limit is a side-effect, not intentional. Now, we can ask if this expression makes sense when our space becomes infinite-dimensional. There are theorems that state, that if U is bounded (that is $\exists_{M>0}: \forall_{v \in V}\,\, ||U v||\leq M \, ||v|| $) and trace-class (so that trace always exists and is finite) the above formula is well defined in infinite dimensional case. For unit


text:
To send files or content to a track:
- Open your mail client.
- Attach the files to send to the track.
- Include links to other application resources. See:Sharing content from other applications and services
- Challo detects URLs of application resources to add them on the track, as an application entry.
- Add your the email address of the Challo Assistant as a recipient:
- Include any other track participants you want to send the file to.
- Participants you include become members of the track, if they are not already.
- See: Finding the Challo Assist for a Track
- Send the email.
Important: Your email provider may prevent certain files from being sent to the Track.
For details on file types Challo supports, see Adding content to your track.


text:
Variety from the West Midlands
The members of the Royal Philatelic Society London always enjoy the displays given by members from the 'regions' because they provide a diversity of material, much not previously seen. On Thursday, 8 February it was the turn of the West Midlands region, covering the counties of Shropshire, Staffordshire, Warwickshire and Worcestershire. Material provided by 18 members filled 56 frames, the displays having been brought together by Gerald Marriner FRPSL.
These 'regional' displays encapsulate many notable attributes, noted Robin Tapper FRPSL in giving the Vote of Thanks: 'a passion for philately, quality research, fine presentation, and the dissemination of information'. These qualities were very evident on this occasion, with such unusual subjects as: King George V overprinted stamp rolls for use in Ireland; the Wilkins-Ellworth Trans-Arctic Submarine Expedition; British World War I Savings Scheme; Philatelic Aspects of Ghana and post-Independent Sierra Leone; the first 20 years of the Philatelic Congress of Great Britain.
Those who had displayed material were presented with a certificate of appreciation by the President of the Society, Michael Roberts FRPSL.


text:
사판식 피스톤 펌프-관로계에서의 맥동류 해석
Analysis of Pulsating Flow in a Swash Plate Type Piston Pump and Transmission Line
- 최영학, 이일영
- 한국유체기계학회 in 2000
- Cited Count
Vibration and noise problem in a hydraulic system became one of very important factors in evaluating the performance of a hydraulic system. It is known that vibration and noise in a hydraulic system is directly related to flow pulsation in the hydraulic pump in the system. This study investigated a modeling and simulation technique for pulsating flow in a swash plate type axial piston pump. The key design factors of the pump related to flow pulsation phenomenon of the pump are the physical parameters for notches on the valve plate of the pump. By the numerical analysis, effects of the physical parameters of the notch on the flow pulsation was elucidated.
No relevant information is available
If you register references through the customer center, the reference information will be registered as soon as possible.


text:
Judy D.J. Ellich
Daily American reporter
The giant turn-of-the-century water meter displayed at the Quemahoning Reservoir's family recreational area is "symbolic of the immense impact that the dam has had in the region," said James Greco, Cambria Somerset Authority chairman.
The 40-foot-long pipe-like device measured the flow of billions of gallons of water to the Johnstown steel mills for nearly 100 years without a single failure, he said at a dedication ceremony Friday for the Venturi Meter Historic Display and Museum. To produce one ton of steel, it took 271 tons of water.
The museum houses photographs, documents and multimedia displays detailing the construction and history of the dam. Greco called the displays the first generation. Members of the Cambria Somerset Authority, the owners of the Que, hope that visitors will add to the display with more pictures and artifacts.
On Friday more than two dozen county officials and business representatives strolled down the hill from the pavilion where the dedication ceremony had been held. Numerous families were setting up campsites nearby. Adults and children laughed and called to each other as they frolicked in the roped-off water area or soaked up the sun on the small beach.
"On Memorial Day we counted 85 kids at one time in the water at the beach," Greco said.
Last summer there were 15,000 visitor days, and this year it looks like that number may be surpassed, he said.
Greco called projects like the meter and museum a "critical draw" for visitors to the historic and recreational area.
Greco and Somerset County Commissioner Jim Marker spoke at the dedication, along with John M. McGrath, associate professor at the University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown, who produced the meter and museum multimedia display.
In the early 1900s the Venturi Meter was used to measure the water flowing to Johnstown's mills. At that time it was the largest meter built on the East Coast. It was designed to operate with no moving parts, he said. At its greatest diameter, the meter is as tall as the average American woman, or 64 inches.
"There are so many layers of history," McGrath said of the reservoir.
The six layers begin with the Native Americans, who named the area, which translated means "the lick in the pines," he said. Other layers include early settlers, steel mills and the building of a water resource for industrial and recreational growth and for increasing the quality of life for local residents with quality drinking water, he said.
"The last layer is probably the most promising because it is open ended," McGrath said.
Marker agreed, stating that "the best history of this dam lies in the future."
He said the reservoir will continue to be an economic generator for the area.
The meter and museum cost approximately $40,000, with funding donated by 1st Summit Bank of Johnstown, the Community Foundation for the Alleghenies, Cambria Somerset Authority, Summer's Best 2 Weeks, Somerset Trust Co. and L.R. Kimball, the Ebensburg engineering firm.
The Somerset County Tourism Grant Program also contributed to the financing of the project. Representatives of all the contributors attended the dedication.
Copyright © 2013, Daily American


Real-time video vontent analysis tool for consumer media storage system
Jungong Han, D.S. Farin, P.H.N. With, de, Weilun Lao
Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review
18 Citations (Scopus)
68 Downloads (Pure)
Current loop buffer organizations for very large instruction word processors are essentially centralized. As a consequence, they are energy inefficient and their scalability is limited. To alleviate this problem, we propose a clustered loop buffer organization, where the loop buffers are partitioned and functional units are logically grouped to form clusters, along with two schemes for buffer control, which regulate the activity in each cluster. Furthermore, we propose a design-time scheme to generate clusters by analyzing an application profile and grouping closely related functional units. The simulation results indicate that the energy consumed in the clustered loop buffers is, on average, 63 percent lower than the energy consumed in an uncompressed centralized loop buffer scheme, 35 percent lower than a centralized compressed loop buffer scheme, and 22 percent lower than a randomly clustered loop buffer scheme.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)870-878
Number of pages9
JournalIEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics
Issue number3
Publication statusPublished - 2006
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Real-time video vontent analysis tool for consumer media storage system'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this


Change how long Netdata stores metrics
The database engine uses RAM to store recent metrics. When metrics reach a certain age, and based on how much system RAM you allocate toward storing metrics in memory, they are compressed and "spilled" to disk for long-term storage.
The default settings retain about two day's worth of metrics on a system collecting 2,000 metrics every second, but the Netdata Agent is highly configurable if you want your nodes to store days, weeks, or months worth of per-second data.
The Netdata Agent uses two settings in netdata.conf to change the behavior of the database engine:
page cache size = 32
dbengine multihost disk space = 256
page cache size sets the maximum amount of RAM (in MiB) the database engine uses to cache and index recent metrics. dbengine multihost disk space sets the maximum disk space (again, in MiB) the database engine uses to store historical, compressed metrics. When the size of stored metrics exceeds the allocated disk space, the database engine removes the oldest metrics on a rolling basis.
Calculate the system resources (RAM, disk space) needed to store metrics#
You can store more or less metrics using the database engine by changing the allocated disk space. Use the calculator below to find an appropriate value for dbengine multihost disk space based on how many metrics your node(s) collect, whether you are streaming metrics to a parent node, and more.
You do not need to edit the page cache size setting to store more metrics using the database engine. However, if you want to store more metrics specifically in memory, you can increase the cache size.
⚠ This calculator provides an estimate of disk and RAM usage for metrics storage, along with its best recommendation for the dbengine multihost disk space setting. Real-life usage may vary based on the accuracy of the values you enter below, changes in the compression ratio, and the types of metrics stored.
By default, the Agent collects metrics once per second (1). See the update every setting in your netdata.conf file if yours may be different. If you have streaming nodes, use the average of their settings.
To find this value for an Agent, scroll to the bottom of the dashboard to find the number of metrics your Agent collects. If you have streaming nodes, input the average of these values.
To find this value, click on the Netdata Monitoringdbengine items in the right-hand menu and look at the first chart under the dbengine section. You can also use your browser's search feature to look for compression savings ratio. Estimate an average value to input into the calculator.
Open your netdata.conf file and find the page cache size setting in the [global] section.
With the above configuration, Netdata will use the following resources to store metrics:
MiB in total disk space MiB in system memory
To enable this setup, edit your netdata.conf file and change the dbengine multihost disk space setting to the following:
Restart your Agent with service netdata restart for the setting to take effect.
Your Agent now stores metrics for 1 day using a total of MiB in disk space.
Notes on the database engine calculator
 - The database engine requires a minimum disk space, which is reflected in this calculator. This required space is the maximum between your dbengine multihost disk space/dbengine disk space setting and dimensions-being-collected * 4096 * 2.
 - The system memory figure above is only for the database engine, and it may be higher in real-world situations due to memory fragmentation. The Agent will require additional memory for collection, visualization, and alerting features.
Edit netdata.conf with recommended database engine settings#
Now that you have a recommended setting for dbengine multihost disk space, open netdata.conf with edit-config and look for the dbengine multihost disk space setting. Change it to the value recommended above. For example:
dbengine multihost disk space = 1024
Save the file and restart the Agent with service netdata restart to change the database engine's size.
What's next?#
For more information about the database engine, see our database reference doc.
Storing metrics with the database engine is completely interoperable with exporting to other time-series databases. With exporting, you can use the node's resources to surface metrics when viewing dashboards, while also archiving metrics elsewhere for further analysis, visualization, or correlation with other tools.
If you don't want to always store metrics on the node that collects them or run ephemeral nodes without dedicated storage, you can use streaming. Streaming allows you to centralize your data, run Agents as headless collectors, replicate data, and more.
Last updated on
Monitor everything in real time – for free
Troubleshoot slowdowns and anomalies in your infrastructure with thousands of per-second metrics, meaningful visualizations, and insightful health alarms with zero configuration.
Get Netdata


text:
Cairo Governate weather in April
Are you planning a trip to Cairo Governate in April and wondering what kind of weather to expect? This page has all the details you need.
What is the weather like in Cairo Governate in April?
Cairo Governate is a region in Egypt. April in Cairo Governate generally has temperatures that range from warm to very warm, with almost no precipitation.
April is a very dry month with an average rainfall of around 1.4 mm in Cairo. Meanwhile, Cairo enjoys close to 291 hours of sunlight. This means it's a great month if you prefer bright and sunny days.
For a closer look at April's conditions in Cairo Governate, see the map below. For a more detailed look at Cairo Governate's yearly weather, check out our Cairo Governate climate page.
Where to go in Cairo Governate in April
Popular destinations in Cairo Governate
What is the weather like in April for the 2 most popular destinations in Cairo Governate?
Average weather in Cairo
In April Cairo generally has high temperatures with maximum daytime temperatures around 29°C, minimum nighttime temperatures around 15°C and almost no monthly rainfall. So on average the conditions are perfect that month.
Average weather in Luxor
In April Luxor generally has very high temperatures with maximum daytime temperatures around 34°C, minimum nighttime temperatures around 18°C and almost no monthly rainfall. So on average the conditions are pleasant that month.
Is April the best time to visit Cairo Governate?
We consider April to be one of the best times to travel to Cairo Governate. Typically, the climate in Cairo is perfect.
On average, the best time to visit Cairo Governate is in January, February, March, April, May, October, November and December with generally perfect weather in Cairo. The weather in June, July and August, on the other hand, tends to be unpleasant.
Interested in more climate information?
We have much more information about the climate in Cairo Governate.
Interested in the weather conditions in a specific month? Select the month below.
Not sure yet where to go? We now have a tool which recommends destinations that suit your ideal climate conditions. Find out where to go with our weather planner.


Many things make up the quality of light that a fixture emits. Size of the globe, type of filament, size of fresnel, etc. One type of fixture can be used to create the quality of light of another if it's in the right hands. "hotlights" is a pretty broad term since there open face, scoop, fresnel, open face with interchangeable lenses, and others. HMI fresnels have a different quality (besides color temp) of light than tungsten fresnels since the hmi doesn't have a filament which burns constantly.


|| UniStr('\0300')) GraveAccent
3 ,Compose('A' || UniStr('\0301')) AcuteAccent
4 ,Compose('A' || UniStr('\0302')) CircumFlex
5 ,Compose('A' || UniStr('\0303')) Tilde
6 ,Compose('A' || UniStr('\0308')) Umlaut
7 From Dual;
G A C T U
- - - - -
À Á Â Ã Ä
What is Decompose function in Oracle?
This function of Oracle returns a Unicode string.It is the exact opposite of Compose function.
Syntax
Decompose(string)
where "string" parameter can be a Char,Nchar,NClob,NCHAR, DUACLOB, VARCHAR2, or NVARCHAR2.
SQL> Select
2 DeCompose(Compose('A' || UniStr('\0300'))) Example
3 From Dual;
EX
--
A'
What is the purpose of Ratio_To_Report Function of Oracle?
It is an analytical function that computes the ratio of a value over the total set of values.RATIO_TO_REPORT of 5 over (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10) is (5/55) i.e. 0.09090909090909090909090909090909
e.g
SQL> Select EmpName,Salary,Ratio_to_Report(SALARY) Over() As RatioReportExample
2 From tblEmployee
3 Where DeptId = 1;
EMPNAME SALARY RATIOREPORTEXAMPLE
-------------------------------------------------- ---------- ------------------
Arina Biswas 6000 .146305779
Jitesh Mallik 16000 .390148744
Deepak Singh 6890 .168007803
Shashi Bhushan 5120 .124847598
Atithi Salonki 7000 .170690076
What are the benefits of PL/SQL ?
1)Supports for Object-Oriented Programming
2)Multiple SQL statements can be executed
3)Errors can be handle more efficiently
4)An entire block of statements can be send to Oracle engine at a single point of time for processing .
5)We can achieve data abstraction using PL/SQL statements
6)Code reusability etc.
What are different normalization forms?
1NF: Eliminate Repeating Groups
Make a separate table for each set of related attributes, and give each table a primary key. Each field contains at most one value from its attribute domain.
2NF: Eliminate Redundant Data
If an attribute depends on only part of a multi-valued key, remove it to a separate table.
3NF: Eliminate Columns Not Dependent On Key
If attributes do not contribute to a description of the key, remove them to a separate table. All attributes must be directly dependent on the primary key. (Read More Here)
BCNF: Boyce-Codd Normal Form
If there are non-trivial dependencies between candidate key attributes, separate them out into distinct tables.
4NF: Isolate Independent Multiple Relationships
No table may contain two or more 1:n or n:m relationships that are not directly related.
5NF: Isolate Semantically Related Multiple Relationships
There may be practical constrains on information that justify separating logically related many-to-many relationships.
ONF: Optimal Normal Form
A model limited to only simple (elemental) facts, as expressed in Object Role Model notation.
DKNF: Domain-Key Normal Form
A model free from all modification anomalies is said to be in DKNF. Remember, these normalization guidelines are cumulative. For a database to be in 3NF, it must first fulfill all the criteria of a 2NF and 1NF database.
What is a Linked Server?
Linked Servers is a concept in SQL Server by which we can add other SQL Server to a Group and query both the SQL Server dbs using T-SQL Statements. With a linked server, you can create very clean, easy to follow, SQL statements that allow remote data to be retrieved, joined and combined with local data. Stored Procedure sp_addlinkedserver, sp_addlinkedsrvlogin will be used add new Linked Server.
How to change Data-Type of a column in Oracle Database?
With the help of Modify Column,we can change data-type of a column in Oracle database?
It's same as in MySql Database.
Syntax:-
Alter Table table_name
Modify Column column_name datatype.
For Example:-
Alter Table employee_master
Modify Column employee_code varchar(30);
What is the output of the query, select * from Person where rowid in (select decode(mod(rownum,2),0,rowid, null) from Person)
Whenever you want to select alternate records with even numbers then you need to execute the following query,
select * from Person where rowid in (select decode(mod(rownum,2),0,rowid, null) from Person)
The output will be the even number records from your databse like 2, 4, 6 and so on
What is the output of the following query? select * from Person where rowid in (select decode(mod(rownum,2),0,null, rowid) from Person)
When you want to select records that contain row id with odd number, then you need to execute this query.
Which keyword is used to select N no of records in Oracle Database?
NOTE: This is objective type question, Please click question title for correct answer.
Found this useful, bookmark this page to the blog or social networking websites. Page copy protected against web site content infringement by Copyscape
 Interview Questions and Answers Categories


3
$\begingroup$
I have a standard time to event data set, with both time-independent and time-varying covariates.
I assume the time to event is a discrete random variable, and construct the extended data set to estimate a logistic model (following this link: _URL_
My questions are:
 1. What is the independence assumption for the observations in the extended dataset?
 2. My goal is the predict if $T_{i,t}$ will be an event for individual $i$ at time point $t$ with the trained logistic regression above. How should I split the extended dataset into training and testing set? Split by individuals or split by individual-time observations?
$\endgroup$
2
$\begingroup$
What is the independence assumption for the observations in the extended dataset?
That individuals are independent. There are dependence between each of your rows in the extended data within individual as each outcome at $t$ is conditional on having survived at time $t - 1$.
How should I split the extended dataset into training and testing set? Split by individuals or split by individual-time observations?
I would split by individuals due to the former mentioned dependence. You are observing failure times $T_i$ and not binary indicators $y_{i1},\dots,y_{iT_i}$ in your initial non-extended dataset.
$\endgroup$
Your Answer
By clicking "Post Your Answer", you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged or ask your own question.


text:
Aristotle, Law and Justice: The Tragic Hero
Humboldt University of Berlin - Faculty of Law
Northern Kentucky Law Review, Vol. 35, pp. 1-18, 2008
Aristotle was the greatest scientist in western history. He established the scientific paradigm and the instruments thereof (materialism and logic). His work covered all basic sciences: Astronomy, Botany, Logic, Mathematics, Meteorology Philosophy, Psychology and Political Science. Aristotle's conception of justice pervades the law and heavily influenced the Anglo-Saxon court system to this day. Yet, the mark of a hero in Greek tragedy is his tragic flaw. Aristotle was not only a great scientist. He was also racist, sexist and homophobic - he thought slavery was natural and good. This tragic flaw in Aristotle's work has distorted all of western thought since. In order to cure the disease we must understand its origin. This essay describes Aristotle's theory of justice and law in order to explain just how pervasively his thought influenced the common law. We can and should reject the dark shadow of this great scientist whilst enjoying the greater and better part of his work.
Number of Pages in PDF File: 164
Keywords: Aristotle, legal theory, philosophy of law, jurisprudence, justice, theory, theory of justice, distributive justice, geometric justice, arithmetic justice, transactional justice, social justice, ratio
JEL Classification: B3, B30, B31, D63Accepted Paper Series
Date posted: April 30, 2008 ; Last revised: November 13, 2009
© 2013 Social Science Electronic Publishing, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
This page was processed by apollo5 in 0.422 seconds


text:
Anthony Douglas Williams
Jun 30, 2017-- Dr. Toni Frohoff, Ph.D., who has dedicated her life to studying marine mammal behavior and communication, argues that humans can learn a lot from the wild animals with whom we share the planet, particularly dolphins. Dolphins show a remarkable capacity for experiencing and expressing a range of emotions, and communicate with other members of the species in ways that often defy human capabilities and logic. Dr. Frohoff emphasizes that there are lessons to be gleaned not only from examining the species' evolutionary history, but from how they conduct their lives. It requires a quieting of the mind, she argues, to learn from other animals, as well as from each other. The way we treat our planet, and the creatures who inhabit it, have far-reaching implications for our generation and many to come. "It underscores the need for awareness of the interconnectedness of all beings." (9222 reads)
Read Full Story
Search by keyword:
Good things happen when you meet strangers.
Subscribe to DailyGood
We've sent daily emails for over 16 years, without any ads. Join a community of 245,458 by entering your email below.


text:
ESAF (Evangelical Social Action Forum) is a national development organization established in 1992 by a group of professionals with the vision of sustainable holistic transformation of the poor and the marginalized and thereby envisioning a just and fair society. The main focus of ESAF is micro enterprise/ finance development, sustainable health, human resource development, child development programme, disaster mitigation and management, advocacy and networking. Nirmal Jeevandhara Project is an initiative of ESAF to assist communities to access to individual water connections and toilets. The programme is currently operating in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh states in India. The goal of this project is to promote an environment of sustainable drinking water both in terms of availability and accessibility, and sanitation improvement managed through active people's participation.
Total amount disbursed


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Does anyone know of packages for displaying neuroscience schematics with tikz? For example, I would like to place a raster plot next to the diagram of a Markov process to help explain how Markov models could be used to simulate the firing of neurons.
I know that I could do this by including an image of neural activity in the tikz picture. But, I wondered if there was a solution that could only use tikz.
Below is the, admittedly, amateurish, version I made in PPT. The raster plot refers to the horizontal lines of ticks. Each tick is the same and marks where a neuron fired.
I know how to use the automata library in tikz to make the state diagram. I wondered if there was an easier way to draw many horizontal lines than the brute force approach with a for loop.
Sketch of slide combining raster plots and Markov chain
Sample neural data (times in ms that a neuron fired) for 50 ms:
 2,10,12,14,15,20,25,34,35,48, 49
share|improve this question
Can you please provide (a link to) an image of the kind of drawing you would like to do? – Gonzalo Medina Sep 22 '12 at 21:47
Could you provide some sample "neuron firing" data? Otherwise random numbers it is. The color represents intensity? (There are lines of different color: black, orange, red) – Tom Bombadil Sep 23 '12 at 11:48
Random numbers are fine. Most simulations use a Poisson process with a rate of 10. I've edited to provide some example times though. There should only be one color-black. The rasters are pasted from another program into PPT and the coloring is an artifact when two black lines are really close together. – mac389 Sep 23 '12 at 11:58
add comment
1 Answer
up vote 10 down vote accepted
For the neuron activity part:
%\pgfmathsetseed{42}% or some other number
\foreach \y [count=\c] in {-0.5,-1,...,-2.5}
 { \node[right] at (15.2,\y+0.1) {\scriptsize Subject \c};
 \foreach \x in {1,...,300}
 { \pgfmathtruncatemacro{\drawbool}{rand-0.7 > 0? 1 : 0}
 { \fill (\x/20,\y) rectangle (\x/20+0.05,\y+0.3);}
 \draw[-stealth] (0,0) -- (15.5,0);
 \node[right] at (15.5,0.2) {t in ms};
 \foreach \x [evaluate=\x as \v using int(20*\x)] in {0,...,15}
 { \draw (\x,-0.05) -- (\x,0.05) node[above] {\v};
enter image description here
share|improve this answer
That's beautiful. – mac389 Sep 23 '12 at 12:45
How would I position the state diagram and the raster plot in the same tikz picture? – mac389 Sep 23 '12 at 12:46
Just take the state diagram commands and put them in a shifted scope: \begin{scope}[shift={(x,y)}] \end{scope} – Tom Bombadil Sep 23 '12 at 12:49
_USER_ Musa: It's random numbers, so they are different after each compile. To make them stay constant, add \pgfmatsetseed{} before the first foreach. I added it in the answer. – Tom Bombadil Sep 23 '12 at 21:53
add comment
Your Answer


text:
Skip to content
- Implementing the policies and programs chosen by the administration is the act or job of management.
- The administration is a deciding function, whereas management is an executive function.
- While management makes decisions within the parameters of the framework that is established by the administration, the administration makes all of the important decisions for an enterprise.
- Government, military, religious, and educational institutions tend to employ administrators. On the other side, commercial firms employ management.


text:
How to Obtain a Government Proclamation
A proclamation is a formal announcement made by a state or local government on a topic important to members of that community. Asking your state or local government to issue a proclamation for National Chiropractic Health Month (NCHM) is a great way to raise awareness of chiropractic services.
How do I get started?
1. Start early. It may take some time to go through the proclamation process, so begin at least 4-8 weeks in advance of National Chiropractic Health Month.
2. Identify who handles proclamations in your local city, county or state government offices by looking on city, county and state Web sites, checking the government pages in the phone book, or by calling the offices. If there is no one who deals exclusively with proclamations, try talking to a public relations or public information officer. An office manager or an office administrator may be able to help, as well.
3. When calling the proclamations office, be prepared to provide information about the importance of conservative care for people in your area. You can use statistics and information provided in ACA's sample NCHM proclamation or other NCHM resources. Also be sure to ask the right questions:
- What is the process to get a proclamation?
- Do they want you to draft the proclamation or to do it themselves with information you provide?
- How would they like to receive the proclamation text: hard copy, an electronic version or both?
- Can you arrange a signing ceremony and invite media?
4. When submitting the required documents to the proclamation office, remember to include the following:
- A cover letter with some facts about the importance of conservative care as a way to stem the opioid epidemic. Be sure to mention that your clinic/organization will be celebrating National Chiropractic Health Month along with the American Chiropractic Association and doctors of chiropractic nationwide. Note that the goal of NCHM is to bring attention to how chiropractic care can help people feel and perform their best naturally. Also include the date and theme of the proposed proclamation (October; Back to Basics) and your contact information.
- A draft of the proposed proclamation (see ACA's sample proclamation).
5. Mail and/or hand deliver your cover letter and draft proclamation to the office. If you have not heard back from the office after a week, follow up on the status of the proclamation by phone and/or e-mail.
6. Once the proclamation is signed, go to the office and pick it up in person. While you are there, be sure to personally thank the staff member who helped you. This may help the process go much quicker next year! If you are able to arrange a signing ceremony, be sure to take pictures and send them with the ACA Communications Department. We will share your good news via our social media channels!
7. Draft a thank you letter to the official who signed the proclamation.
8. Display the proclamation in your office the entire month of October. In addition to enhancing the credibility of the chiropractic profession and your clinic, the proclamation is another way for you to begin a conversation with patients about the importance of a conservative-care-first approach to health care.


text:
- 1 How much money do baseball players make?
- 2 How much money does a AAA baseball player make?
- 3 How much do low A baseball players make?
- 4 Who is the richest baseball player?
- 5 How much does a MLB umpire make?
- 6 How much do bullpen catchers make?
- 7 What sport pays the most?
- 8 Do baseball players get paid weekly?
- 9 What is the lowest paying professional sport?
- 10 Why do minor league players get paid so little?
- 11 Do minor league baseball players pay for housing?
- 12 What is G league salary?
- 13 How much does a minor league baseball coach make?
How much money do baseball players make?
The average single-A baseball player makes $6,000, while an average double-A baseball player makes $9,350. Like we said earlier, there has been a plan to increase the minimum salary of Rookies and Short-season level players. For instance, the Rookie's minimum weekly pay will be raised from $290 to $400.
How much money does a AAA baseball player make?
According to The Athletic, the average player salary for a minor league player was $6,000 in Single-A, $9,350 in Double-A and $15,000 in Triple-A in 2018.
How much do low A baseball players make?
For High/Low-A, the weekly minimum pay rises from $290 to $500. For Double-A, the minimum rises from $350 to $600. For Triple-A, the minimum rises from $502 to $700.
Who is the richest baseball player?
Rodriguez's "A-Rod Corp " also has quite a diversified list of investments. He is the richest baseball player ever.
How much does a MLB umpire make?
The salaries of Major League Baseball Umpires in the US range from $17,890 to $57,750, with a median salary of $24,870. The middle 50% of Major League Baseball Umpires makes $24,870, with the top 75% making $57,750.
How much do bullpen catchers make?
Estimates for how much money bullpen catchers make varies rather widely, and the most cited sources are a few years old now: Fangraphs estimates $90,000/year on average in a 2016 article—an oft-cited number you'll see referenced everywhere. A 2018 article from Career Trend estimates a range of $30,000-$60,000.
What sport pays the most?
Basketball It is not surprising that basketball is the world's highest paid sport. As well as earning millions per year in salary, the NBA's best basketball players earn a huge amount of money from their various endorsements and sponsorships, more so than any other sport.
Do baseball players get paid weekly?
Normally the post season, offseason and spring training are months where players are not payed, unless specifically detailed in their contracts. Playoff runs do include bonuses, and during spring training players are given weekly allowances.
What is the lowest paying professional sport?
Here are some of the lowest wages in professional sports:
- Boxing. No athlete earns more today than Floyd Mayweather, who rakes in more than $73 million per year.
- Major League Soccer.
- Minor League Baseball.
Why do minor league players get paid so little?
Many minor league baseball players make less than minimum wage. Many are not paid during spring training or the offseason, though they are expected to commit all of their focus to baseball at those times, too. In almost any other industry, collusion among owners to suppress wages would be a violation of antitrust laws.
Do minor league baseball players pay for housing?
With rare exceptions, minor-league players — who are paid only seasonally — are responsible for procuring and paying for temporary housing for a five-month season.
What is G league salary?
G League salaries depend on your class and how you entered the G league. However, the average G League salary would stand at $35,000. However, some players would earn far more than this with a combination of contracts or on the level they are.
How much does a minor league baseball coach make?
Starting Salaries Typically working on one-year contracts, minor league baseball managers make an average of $20,000 to $60,000 per season, according to a recent study by Baseball America, the industry's leading publication for on- and off-the-field news and information.


loads. Static load is the force capability of the actuator while not in motion. Conversely, the dynamic load of the actuator is the force capability while in motion.
Speed
Speed should be considered primarily at a no-load pace, since the speed will invariably decrease as the load amount increases. The rate the speed will decrease will directly correlate with the amount of force and the initial speed.
Operating conditions
Actuators are commonly rated using the standard IP Code rating system. Those that are rated for dangerous environments will have a higher IP rating than those for personal or common industrial use.
Durability
This will be determined by each individual manufacturer, depending on usage and quality.
See also
References
 1. ^ "About Actuators". _URL_. Archived from the original on 2016-05-08. Retrieved .
 2. ^ "A Great Combination: Pneumatic Actuator, Pneumatic Timer, Pneumatic Valves, and Pneumatic Indicators : Ellis/Kuhnke Controls". _URL_. Archived from the original on 2018-02-21. Retrieved .
 3. ^ "What's the Difference Between Pneumatic, Hydraulic, and Electrical Actuators?". machinedesign.com. Archived from the original on 2016-04-23. Retrieved .
 4. ^ "What is a Pneumatic Actuator?". _URL_. Archived from the original on 2018-02-21. Retrieved .
 5. ^ "Pneumatic Valve Actuators Information | IHS Engineering360". _URL_. Archived from the original on 2016-06-24. Retrieved .
 6. ^ Tisserand, Olivier. "How does an electric actuator work?". Archived from the original on 2018-02-21. Retrieved .
 7. ^ "Electric & Pneumatic Actuators". _URL_. Archived from the original on 2016-04-30. Retrieved .
 8. ^ Feng, Guo-Hua; Yen, Shih-Chieh (2015). "Micromanipulation tool replaceable soft actuator with gripping force enhancing and output motion converting mechanisms". 2015 Transducers - 2015 18th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS). pp. 1877-80. doi:10.1109/TRANSDUCERS.2015._PHONE_. ISBN 978-1-4799-8955-3.
 9. ^ Malone, Evan; Lipson, Hod (2006). "Freeform fabrication of ionomeric polymer-metal composite actuators". Rapid Prototyping Journal. 12 (5): 244-53. doi:10.1108/13552540610707004.
 10. ^ Kerdlapee, Pongsak; Wisitsoraat, Anurat; Phokaratkul, Ditsayuth; Leksakul, Komgrit; Phatthanakun, Rungreung; Tuantranont, Adisorn (2013). "Fabrication of electrostatic MEMS microactuator based on X-ray lithography with Pb-based X-ray mask and dry-film-transfer-to-PCB process". Microsystem Technologies. 20: 127-35. doi:10.1007/s00542-_PHONE_-x.
 11. ^ Zolfagharian, Ali; Kouzani, Abbas Z.; Khoo, Sui Yang; Moghadam, Amir Ali Amiri; Gibson, Ian; Kaynak, Akif (2016). "Evolution of 3D printed soft actuators". Sensors and Actuators A: Physical. 250: 258-72. doi:10.1016/j.sna.2016.09.028.
 12. ^ Zolfagharian, Ali; Kouzani, Abbas Z.; Khoo, Sui Yang; Gibson, Ian; Kaynak, Akif (2016). "3D printed hydrogel soft actuators". 2016 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON). pp. 2272-7. doi:10.1109/TENCON.2016._PHONE_. ISBN 978-1-5090-2597-8.
 13. ^ Sclater, N., Mechanisms and Mechanical Devices Sourcebook, 4th Edition (2007), 25, McGraw-Hill
 This article uses material from the Wikipedia page available here. It is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.
Actuator

Top US Cities
Like2do.com was developed using defaultLogic.com's knowledge management platform. It allows users to manage learning and research. Visit defaultLogic's other partner sites below:
PopFlock.com : Music Genres | Musicians | Musical Instruments | Music Industry
NCR Works : Retail Banking | Restaurant Industry | Retail Industry | Hospitality Industry


text:
The dynamics of economies and infectious disease are inexorably linked: economic well-being influences health (sanitation, nutrition, treatment capacity, etc.) and health influences economic well-being (labor productivity lost to sickness and disease). Often societies are locked into ''poverty traps'' of poor health and poor economy. Here, using a simplified coupled disease-economic model with endogenous capital growth we demonstrate the formation of poverty traps, as well as ways to escape them. We suggest two possible mechanisms of escape both motivated by empirical data: one, through an influx of capital (development aid), and another through changing the percentage of GDP spent on healthcare. We find that a large influx of capital is successful in escaping the poverty trap, but increasing health spending alone is not. Our results demonstrate that escape from a poverty trap may be possible, and carry important policy implications in the world-wide distribution of aid and within-country healthcare spending.
Escaping the poverty trap: modeling the interplay between economic growth and the ecology of infectious disease
Georg M. Goerg, Oscar Patterson-Lomba, Laurent Hébert-Dufresne, Benjamin M. Althouse


text:
Lunar Explorations Class
1/18/2013 (Updated 10:49:40 PM)Some future astronauts took a journey to the moon Friday night.
The Kopernik Observatory and Science Center held a lunar explorations class. Third and fourth graders learned all about the Earth's natural satellite.
Contrary to what Mick might think---the moon is not made of green cheese --in fact, some of the rock it's made of is a type of rock commonly found on the East Coast of the United States.
"The moon rocks from the Mountains of the moon is something called aorthosite and you can actually find that in the Adirondacks. Mounty Marcy area is made of the anorthosite so it's the same type of rock," says Roy Williams, Public Programming Coordinator.
On Saturday night, Kopernik will be at the Barrnes and Noble in Vestal with Cornell astronomer Greg Sloan who will explain "what is science?"
For more information visit their website Kopernik.org.
blog comments powered by Disqus


text:
|(Permission is granted to redistribute this material as long as the Kollel
header and the subscription info at the end are included.)
brought to you by Kollel Iyun Hadaf of Har Nof
Rosh Kollel: Rabbi Mordecai Kornfeld
Email - _EMAIL_
Bava Metzia Chart #8
|[ ] = This is not taught explicitly in the Mishnah||(A)
THE FINDER MAY KEEP THE FIND (1)
THE FINDER MUST ANNOUNCE THE FIND(2)
|1)||AN OBJECT THAT HAS NO SIMAN,
WITH A VESSEL
| [fruits in front of a vessel;
coins in front of a purse](3)
| fruits *in* a vessel;
coins *in* a purse(4)
|2)||FRUITS (PEROS)||scattered fruits(5)||fruits in a pile(6)|
|3)||COINS (MA'OS)||scattered coins(7)||coins in a pile(6)|
|4)||SMALL SHEAVES OF GRAIN (KERICHOS)||sheaves in Reshus ha'Rabim(8a)(8b)||sheaves in Reshus ha'Yachid(9)|
|5)||FISH AND MEAT
| fish strung together(10);
pieces of cut meat
|[pieces of cut fish;
partially eaten fish](11)
|cake of pressed figs(10) [with a potsherd inside], according to the Rabanan(12)||cake of pressed figs with a potsherd inside, according to Rebbi Yehudah(12)|
|7)|| LOAVES OF BREAD
|loaves of a commercial baker(13)||loaves of a Ba'al ha'Bayis(14)|
|8)||SHEARINGS OF WOOL
|shearings in their raw state ("mi'Medinasan")(15)||shearings after they have been processed ("mi'Beis ha'Uman")(16)|
|9)||FLAX, PURPLE WOOL
|bundles of flax;
strips of purple wool(15)
|[barrels of wine, oil, grain, and figs](18)||barrels of wine and oil(17)|
(1) None of these objects can be identified by their number (Minyan) or their place (Makom), according to Rava (22b) because they were found in a manner that indicates that they fell ("Derech Nefilah") and were not placed there intentionally -- with the exception of Kerichos (22b; Tosfos 21a, DH Elu; see footnote 8). According to Rabah, these items belong to the finder whether they were found in a manner that indicates that they fell ("Derech Nefilah"), or whether they were found in a manner that indicates that they were placed there ("Derech Hinu'ach"), because Raba holds that the place in which they were found (Makom) is not a valid Siman (Tosfos 21a, DH Elu). Their number (Minyan) is also not a Siman because only one was found (Tosfos 24a, DH Aval). Therefore, if the item was found in Reshus ha'Rabim even in a manner that indicates that it was placed there intentionally, "b'Derech Hinu'ach," the finder may keep it (see footnote 8). If it was found in Reshus ha'Yachid, he may take it only if it was found in a manner that indicates that it fell, "b'Derech Nefilah," (since if it was found in a manner that indicates that it was placed there, the finder must assume that the owner did not yet despair of retrieving it -- Pnei Yehoshua on Tosfos 21a DH Elu; see also Rebbi Akiva Eiger. This is in contrast to the Maharsha and Mahadura Basra there.) In all of the cases in this column, a reason must be given for why it is not "Yi'ush she'Lo mi'Da'as."
(2) In all of the cases in this column, the find must be announced because it has a Siman. The Mishnah does not state simply, "One must announce any find that has a Siman," because the Mishnah wants to teach a Chidush with regard to each of the objects that it mentions (see RITVA 21a). With regard to the objects in this column for which the Siman is their number (Minyan) or the place in which they were found (Makom), a reason must be given to explain by each why their number or location is considered to be a valid Siman even if it is found in Reshus ha'Rabim, where objects tend to be kicked around. In addition, according to Rabah (22b), a reason must be given to explain why the Siman is not expected to be effaced due to trampling, in Reshus ha'Rabim.
(3) This is taught by the Beraisa (25a), and inferred from the wording of the Mishnah (24b). This ruling applies only when the objects are completely outside of the vessel. If the objects are such that they roll easily out of a vessel (for example, they are round and smooth), then even if they are found outside of the vessel, the finder may not keep them unless the opening of the vessel is facing *away* from the objects, or the opening of the vessel has a rim which would impede some of the objects from rolling out (and since no objects are left inside we may assume that the objects did not come from the vessel). However, since there is a vessel there with the fruits, the case is clearly not one of fruits that were found in the place of threshing. If so, according to Abaye, who maintains that "Yi'ush she'Lo mi'Da'as" is not considered Yi'ush, why may the finder keep these fruits? See Insights to 25a for the answer.
(4) Both the fruit (or money) and their container must be returned to the person who identifies the container with a Siman. Since part of the fruit or money is still in the container, we assume that all of the fruit or money was lost with the container (see above, footnote 3).
(5) According to Rava, this applies even when there are more than one Kav of fruit and they are scattered in less than four Amos, if the fruits were found "b'Derech Nefilah" (since there is no Siman on ordinary fruits). According to Abaye, who maintains that "Yi'ush she'Lo mi'Da'as" is not considered Yi'ush, this ruling applies only when one finds a Kav (or less) of fruit in four Amos (or more), and only when they are found in the place of threshing, where the fruit is an "Aveidah mi'Da'as" (i.e. the owner intentionally left it there without intention to come back for it, because of the inconvenience involved in picking up all the fruit) 21b; TOSFOS 21a, DH v'Kamah. (According to the Gemara's conclusion, this ruling applies according to Abaye even in a place which is not a threshing floor, see footnote 3 above, and Insights to 25a.)
(6) This refers to when there are at least two piles and therefore the number of piles is a Siman (see Tosfos 24a, DH Aval, and Insights there), or the place in which they were resting is a Siman (since they were resting there in a manner that indicates that they were placed there with intention) (25a). Why, though, should the number (Minyan) or place (Makom) be a Siman, if the fruits get trampled and kicked around by passers-by and animals? For an answer to this, see Insights to 25a.
(7) Coins have no Siman. They are not considered "Yi'ush she'Lo mi'Da'as" because a person constantly checks his pocket to make sure his money is still there, and thus immediately after they fell he realized it and was Meya'esh, as Rebbi Yitzchak teaches.
(8a) According to Rabah, this refers to Kerichos that have a Siman, but the owner is Meya'esh since a "Siman he'Asuy li'Dares" is not a Siman. According to Rava, this refers to Kerichos that have no Siman, but which were found resting in a manner of "Derech Hinu'ach." Even though their place (Makom) is normally a valid Siman, since they were found in Reshus ha'Rabim it is *not* a valid Siman, because they are kicked around by people and animals walking there and will not be found in their original place (22b). (The other objects which belong to the finder (in column A) belong to him even when found in Reshus ha'Yachid, because they were found resting in a manner of "Derech Nefilah." Everything that is found in such a manner has no Siman of "Makom" (Tosfos 21a, DH Elu).)


text: The development, deployment, and control of groups of robots is a tedious process even for experienced roboticists. Particularly in heterogeneous systems a high granularity of control and visibility is difficult to achieve. The lack of standardized interfaces and communication protocols to interconnect robots from different manufacturers makes it very difficult to develop flexible robotic applications. We propose an efficient system suited to support heterogeneous robotic swarms that can be used as a toolkit for fast prototyping of robust distributed applications. This system offers a flexible interface allowing external users to remotely control the swarm over the internet by using standardized communication protocols such as Web Services.


text:
GAINESVILLE, Fla. — The Florida Museum of Natural History has finished the design and development stage of its newest permanent exhibit, "Water Shapes Florida." Construction is set to begin later this month, with an anticipated open date of spring 2024.
"We recognize this as a huge opportunity for us as the state museum of natural history to tell the story of water, arguably Florida's most important resource, and in a compelling way that both informs and inspires conservation and stewardship," said Darcie MacMahon, the Florida Museum's director of exhibits and public programs.
The "Northwest Florida" exhibit will close beginning Feb. 27, and "Water Shapes Florida" will open early next year. The new exhibit will be free to all visitors.
Guests can look forward to a glass-bottom boat experience that will simulate what it's like to ride down some of Florida's beloved waterways while educating visitors on the challenges and importance of maintaining healthy springs.
A Recharge Lounge and Water Lab will welcome guests to take part in unique educational experiences like an interactive exploration of Florida's aquifer and to learn about current research with multimedia displays, interpretive graphics and museum specimens.
A field cabin replica, complete with simulated weather patterns outside its LED screen "windows," will welcome visitors to a hammock forest and limestone cave.
"The existing cave actually inspired the new exhibit – it is a perfect platform for talking about Florida's unique geology and the spongelike limestone aquifer beneath our feet that contains our freshwater supply," MacMahon said. "Renovations will transform the rest of the exhibit hall into a more contemporary experience that explores the water story."
The Northwest Florida Hall was the first permanent exhibit to open in Powell Hall more than 20 years ago in 2000. Some of its most iconic elements will live on and be incorporated into "Water Shapes Florida" with new refurbishments and technology. The museum is keeping sustainability at the forefront of the renovation process, with emphasis on reusing components when possible and relocating others to museums and educational centers.
"The popular existing hammock and cave environments will be brought to life with new lights, sound and media. I think visitors will enjoy seeing their favorite parts of the exhibit in a whole new way," said Florida Museum exhibit coordinator Julie Waters.
The exhibit is funded in part by a $100,000 donation from Duke Energy Foundation and a $500,000 grant from the Florida Department of State. Further funding is being provided by gracious gifts from corporations, family foundations and museum supporters.
To donate to this exciting new endeavor, visit _URL_
View more renderings for what the exhibit will look like; plans are subject to change:
Writer: Nikhil Srinivasan, _EMAIL_
Source: Julie Waters, _EMAIL_; Darcie MacMahon, _EMAIL_
Media contact: Kaitlin Gardiner, _EMAIL_


text:
Scholar to talk about the future of writing
MIDDLEBURY — EastView at Middlebury will host a talk by writer/carver/painter Tim Brookes on Monday, Aug. 24, at 7 p.m. In "Disappearing Alphabets and the Future of the Written Word," Brookes explores what the age of digital convergence, Twitter, and e-books means for the future of written language.
Brookes offers a remarkable and thought-provoking perspective on this question by looking at 13 forms of writing from all over the world that are in danger of extinction. He displays a sample of each script, leading a discussion on how technology will help — and always has helped — define the nature of communication, and shows how the story of a culture can be seen in its writing — even if that writing is (as in these examples) beautiful, bizarre, utterly unfamiliar and disappearing.
This is a free Vermont Humanities Council event. For more information, call EastView at Middlebury, _PHONE_.


text:
Research Question: This thesis intends to discover how and why architects make design decisions for projects in historic districts. Subquestions are based on the methods of architects; differing opinions between preservation and architectural professionals; and the inconsistent interpretation of standards and guidelines.
Results: The researcher was able to analyze each informant and position them on a self-defined design spectrum. A visual representation of this spectrum can be found in Appendix D.
Practical Implications: The results of this study show a conflict that prevents Standard 9 from both allowing the progression of contemporary architectural theory in historic areas, and requiring a distinction between contemporary and historic architectural fabric, which essentially alters the Standard's intended purpose. The two solutions given to communities are:
1. Acceptance of the Secretary of the Interior's Standards as the Sole Guideline
2. Creation of Supplementary Guidelines based on the analysis of the data, the researcher recommends that the most "appropriate" approach to new additions and infill construction in historic districts is one that unites both a contemporary architecture of its time and takes cues from surrounding historic fabric and context.
Skerry, Alexandra D., "Interpreting the Standards: Design Professionals & Historicized Design" (2012). Historic Preservation. Paper 3.


ing your data.
 5. Choose an erasure method: In the Security Options window, you'll see different levels of security for erasing your data. The most secure option is "Most Secure," but keep in mind that it will take longer to complete. Choose the option that aligns with your need for security.
 6. Start the secure erase: Once you've selected your desired security level, click on the "OK" button to proceed. You will be prompted to confirm the action, so double-check that you have a backup of any important data before proceeding. Click "Erase" to start the secure erase process.
 7. Wait for the process to complete: Securely erasing your data may take a significant amount of time, depending on the size of the drive and the chosen security level. Be patient and allow the process to complete.
 8. Close Disk Utility: Once the secure erase process is finished, you can close the Disk Utility window and continue with the factory reset process.
By securely erasing your data, you provide an additional layer of protection for your personal information. However, keep in mind that this process will prolong the reset process, so evaluate your needs for security and time accordingly.

Step 5: Reinstall macOS
With your Mac's hard drive erased, it's time to reinstall macOS on your MacBook Pro. Follow the steps below to complete the reinstallation process:
 1. Open macOS Utilities: Once you have closed Disk Utility, you will be back in the macOS Utilities window. From here, select "Reinstall macOS" and click on the "Continue" button. This will initiate the reinstallation process.
 2. Choose your installation disk: You will be prompted to select the disk where you want to install macOS. Select your Mac's internal drive and click on the "Install" button.
 3. Wait for the installation: The reinstallation process may take some time, depending on your internet connection and the version of macOS you are installing. Be patient and allow the installation to complete.
 4. Set up macOS: Once macOS is installed, your MacBook Pro will automatically restart. Follow the on-screen instructions to set up macOS, including selecting your region, language, and creating a user account. You can also choose to migrate data from a Time Machine backup, if applicable.
 5. Continue with the setup process: Once you have completed the initial setup, your MacBook Pro should boot into the fresh installation of macOS. Follow the on-screen prompts to complete the setup process, such as signing in with your Apple ID and enabling necessary features like iCloud, Siri, and FileVault.
Once the macOS reinstallation is complete, your MacBook Pro will be restored to its original factory settings. All your files and personal information will be erased, providing a clean slate for you to use or sell your device.

Step 6: Restore Your Data from Backup
Now that you have successfully completed the factory reset and reinstalled macOS on your MacBook Pro, it's time to restore your data from the backup you created earlier. Follow the steps below to restore your data:
 1. Connect your backup device: If you backed up your data using an external hard drive, USB flash drive, or Time Machine, connect the device to your MacBook Pro.
 2. Open Migration Assistant: In the macOS Utilities window, select "Restore from Time Machine Backup" or "Migrate Data from Another Mac" and click on the "Continue" button. This will launch Migration Assistant, a tool that helps transfer your files and settings from the backup.
 3. Select your backup source: In Migration Assistant, you'll be prompted to select the source of your backup. Choose the appropriate option based on your backup method, such as "From a Mac, Time Machine backup, or startup disk." Click on the "Continue" button to proceed.
 4. Select the files to restore: Migration Assistant will scan your backup source and display a list of files and data that can be restored. Choose the files and settings you want to restore to your MacBook Pro. You can select specific files or opt for a full restore. Click on the "Continue" button to start the restoration process.
 5. Wait for the restoration to complete: Migration Assistant will copy the selected files and settings from the backup to your MacBook Pro. This process may take some time, depending on the size of your backup and the speed of your connection or device.
 6. Complete the setup: Once the restoration is finished, you will be prompted to complete the setup of your MacBook Pro, including signing in to your user account and configuring any additional settings. Follow the on-screen instructions to finalize the setup.
After completing these steps, your data will be restored from the backup, and you can access your files and settings as they were before the factory reset. Take a moment to double-check that all your important files and data are present and accessible as expected.

Conclusion
Congratulations! You have successfully completed the factory reset process on your MacBook Pro. By following the steps outlined in this guide, you have erased your Mac's hard drive, reinstalled macOS, and restored your data from a backup. Your MacBook Pro is now ready for a fresh start or ready to be passed on to a new owner.
It's important to remember that performing a factory reset is a significant step that should be approached with caution. Make sure to back up all important files and data before starting the process, as the reset will permanently erase everything on your MacBook Pro.
Throughout this guide, we have covered each step in detail, from backing up your data and signing out of iCloud to restarting in Recovery Mode, erasing your hard drive, reinstalling macOS, and restoring your data. Following these steps ensures a smooth and successful factory reset process.
Once your MacBook Pro is reset, you can tailor the device to your preferences again, installing the necessary apps, setting up email accounts, and customizing your settings. Take the opportunity to start with a clean slate and optimize your device for your specific needs.
Remember, if you encounter any difficulties or have further questions, consult the official Apple support resources or seek assistance from an authorized service provider. They can provide additional guidance and support throughout the process.
Thank you for choosing this guide as your resource for performing a factory reset on your MacBook Pro. We hope this guide has been helpful to you and wish you the best with your refreshed device!
Leave a Reply
Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *


text:
A LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) survey collects precise laser measurement of the earth surface. The resulting data is used to create highly detailed 3D maps and models of the landscape.
The data enables better management of natural hazards, such as flooding, erosion and sea level rise. It provides farm-scale land information to benefit the agriculture and forestry sectors as well as being used for many other planning purposes. It's also widely used for development, engineering, architecture and design applications by the private sector.
In April 2020, Co-Lab entered into an agreement with Ocean Infinity (previously named iXblue Pty Ltd) to complete a LiDAR survey throughout the Waikato region.
The survey was completed in April 2021 and the mammoth task of processing the data then commenced. After intensive quality control, the first set of highly accurate 3D mapping data was released in 2023.
Co-Lab, on behalf of the 10 participating councils, has secured funding of $1.4 million from the Provincial Growth Fund (PGF) and approximately $133,000 third party funding for the region. Co-Lab is leading the project which is part of a national LiDAR programme coordinated by Land Information New Zealand (LINZ).
Co-Lab is also grateful for the contributions from the following organisations who co-funded the initiative: WEL Networks, Environmental Research Institute, EQC – Earthquake Commission, Waikato River Clean Up Trust, Lincoln Agritech and Mercury NZ Ltd.
More information about the LINZ national elevation programme, including the PGF LiDAR project is available from the Elevation Aotearoa site.
The Waikato LiDAR data can be found on the LINZ Data Service.


Our Name
A talking crow - the story
Vintage image of young Eric and tony the crow playing with a GI Joe character
As a boy, Eric had a pet crow named Tony. Eric and his brothers taught him to say a few words like "Hello", "Don't fall", "Play ball". Tony often flew to the elementary school that Eric attended. While he was in class, the special needs children had their recess. One autistic boy in particular would repeat words to Tony and he would repeat them back to him. Through this exchange Tony learned how to count to ten and say his ABC's, and the boy began to talk more with others. The news of Tony spread through the area and was known as Tony, the talking crow.


text:
Your code is rather weird.
You seem to have little understanding of the C# type system
You seem to try to calculate a start date/time by subtract some "age" from "now".
What is "age"? seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, monts, years, centuries, mayan-cycles
Anyways: when calculating with times, you need to understand the difference between
- a point in time
(like "now", "yesterday", "last year", etc.)
- and a duration
(like "1 hour", "20 years", etc.).
Durations can be added/subtracted from each other, resulting in a new duration.
Adding/subtracting two points in dime result in a durations.
Adding/subtracting a duration to/from a point in time gives a new point in time.
denotes a point in time.
denotes a duration.
In your code, I assume "age" to be a duration.
1) set the point in time variable "now" to
2) parse the "duration" input text into a
(you need to decide on the right unit)
3) subtract the "duration" from "now"
4) convert the result to the desired point in time format (e.g. year only) and assign that to your text output variable
PS: Strongly recommend to use
instead of any
methods. Reason: user input is potentially broken.


Wednesday, November 16, 2005
postal scrotum: cultural commentary
My good friend Tam Gu Ja writes in--
I appreciated your article about The Aquariums of Pyongyang. Given my current line of work I am often astounded by the patterns of willful ignorance and revictimization of the victim that occur in society-- even ours. I often encounter patterns of behaviour about which society tends to pay far too little effort or attention as a whole. Some good examples would be instances of rape in general society (about 1 in 8) versus military society (about 1 in 5), patterns of child abuse, and similar things. There is plenty of ability to quantify, measure, and categorize behaviour in such a fashion that it is easy to see a course of action that would improve the situation, but the flat fact is that most Americans simply don't want to know, or, if they do, don't want to expend the effort to correct matters. It pissed me off to no end.
-Tam Gu Ja
They say you can tell what people really value, individually and collectively, by where they put their money. By that reckoning, what does American society value? Where does most of the consumers' money go? What does Korean society value?
No comments:


text:
A new study shows bugs, even those that feed on crops, might not always be a bad thing for farmers. It's possible some could ultimately do more good than harm to the plants they feed on, by helping them pull through hardships like this year's drought. Biologist Richard Musser at Wester Illinois University found the saliva of horn worms can turn on frost and drought resistant genes in plants:
"If we could figure out what is really involved in protecting plants from those drought respon...you know, turn on those drought responses earlier that plant might be able to deal with less water."
Musser's findings are being published in the Journal of Chemical Ecology this month. His latest study is a follow up to an earlier discovery that some plants, including tomatoes, will actually call for help when attacked by herbivores such as caterpillars. The S-O-S attracts insect predators that eat the caterpillars. Musser calles the phenomenon "screaming tomato plants."
Support Your Public Radio Station


Knowladge Base
METHOD FOR CHANGING SMS URL AND VARIABLES
If you've already bought a number from 'didx.net' and what to change/set sms settings this webservice can help you do that. You would have to provide DIDx User ID, Password, DID Number, SMSURL ,SMS Variables.
Example:
http:/newapi.didx.net/DidxApisWithJsonResponse/api/ChangeSmsSettings.php?UserID=700234&Password=343455&DIDNumber=_PHONE_&SmsUrl=_URL_
First argument is the DIDx User ID, second the password, third the DID number that you've bought, fourth the new SMS Url and fifth SMS Variables. In case of successful changing the DID number would be returned, otherwise an error code.
Error Codes
It will return an 'Error Code' in case there is something wrong with the information provided or there is no matching data in our record.
-1 = User ID does not exist or password does not match
-2 = No such DID Number exists
-3 = This DID is not in your ownership.


text:
Biermann, David Hartman, Edwin P
Test of 10-foot diameter, four and six blade single-rotating and dual-rotating propellers were conducted in the NACA propeller-research tunnel. The propellers were mounted at the front end of a streamline body incorporating spinners to house the hub portions. The effect of a symmetrical wing mounted in the slipstream ranged from 20 degrees to 65 degrees setting corresponds to airplane speeds greater than 500 miles per hour. The results indicate that dual-rotating propellers were from 0 to 6 percent more efficient than single-rotating ones; but, when the propellers operated in the presence of a wing, the gain was reduced by about one-half. Other advantages of dual-rotating propellers were found to include greater power absorption and greater efficiency at the low V/nD operating range of high-pitch propellers.
An Adobe Acrobat (PDF) file of the entire report:


text:
Parvati DWC pipes are Double wall corrugated pipes made with High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) material. They are externally corrugated and have a glass smooth surface inside. DWC HDPE Pipe have very high strength because of its design, are economically viable, have a very long life expectancy, and enumerable environmental benefits that make them the most suitable pipes for underground sewerage and drainage applications.
DWC HDPE pipe is used all over the world as a standard in efficient waste water collection and transportation networks for the last 40 years. These DWC HDPE pipes help municipal bodies, urban conglomerates, agricultural drainage, and industries to manage their waste water and rain water very efficient. Parvati pipes once installed are maintenance free, which allows it to lie underground for years. Such a system will not only protect the environment but also your investment.
Manufacturing is done through a comprehensive environmentally friendly process certified by Indian Standard IS 16098-2 CPHEEO, The Central Government Environment and Engineering Policy Making Body. Has also recommended the use of Double Wall Corrugated pipes (DWC pipes) for Indian Sewerage and Drainage applications which is included in the latest manual.
Effluents disposal and Industrial drainage
City & Urban Clusters
Domestic & AC Vents, Garbage Chutes
Highway and storm drainage
Shallow and drainage


text:
Many Connecticut gravestones are carved from native red sandstone. Unfortunately, this material is not particularly durable — it is vulnerable to spalling when moisture infiltrates the tiny cracks and then expands by freezing. In its most fragile state, sandstone can crumble at the lightest touch. Whole sections can slough off at a time. Graveyard visitors shouldn't really take rubbings of any stone, especially red sandstone.
Here is what happens to red sandstone over time:
Stage One: Minimal Damage
Stage Two: Largely Illegible
Stage Three: Disintegration
Stage Four: Collapse


What To Do with A Dead Gerbil
Questions About Gerbils
What To Do with A Dead Gerbil
Not only is it heartbreaking when a pet gerbil dies, but it can also be a time of great confusion. It's not always easy to know what to do with the body.
The most common way to dispose of a dead gerbil is to bury it in the back yard, marking it with a memorial feature. Similarly, vets can take care of your dead gerbil for you, sending it to be cremated. You may also be able to get your gerbil's ashes back. Otherwise, a pet cemetery is a good option if you don't have a back yard.
What you choose to do with your gerbil is up to you. As long as you follow all guidelines and use gloves when handling the body, saying goodbye is an essential part of the grieving process, so it has to be right for you.
How To Check Whether Your Gerbil Is Dead
Before attempting any type of body disposal, you must check that the gerbil's dead first. Gerbils can die suddenly, taking their owners by surprise.
Gerbils also play dead to hide from predators, according to Biological Psychiatry. As a result, you'll need to ensure that your gerbil isn't protecting itself from a larger threat.
When a gerbil dies, it may twitch for a few minutes. While these are normal nerve spasms, they can make it seem like the animal's alive.
Similarly, gerbils sometimes let out a gasp of air when they're moved. Again, this isn't the animal returning to life, but the air is emptying from its lungs.
Pets often empty their bladders or bowels after death as their muscles relax, giving the illusion that the animal is coming back to life.
As a result, some pet owners feel confused as to whether their gerbil is really dead or not. To check, follow these steps:
 - Check for signs of breathing, monitoring whether the body moves up or down. Similarly, hold a mirror close to its nostrils to see whether condensation forms.
 - Feel for a heartbeat, placing two fingers on your gerbil's chest near to where the heart's located. If you don't feel anything, your gerbil has died.
 - Take a look at the eyes to see if they're open. Dead gerbils will stare into space with large, black pupils.
If you've checked the above and there are no signs of life, your gerbil has unfortunately passed away. You'll now need to think about preparing the body for disposal.
How To Dispose Of A Dead Gerbil?
When getting rid of your dead gerbil, you'll need to do it quickly so that there's no risk of disease or contagious conditions spreading to other rodents in the gerbilarium. This is even more crucial if your gerbil died of an illness involving bacteria or parasites.
Similarly, it won't be long before the body begins to give off a foul odor, making living conditions unpleasant for the other gerbils in the enclosure.
While you're deciding what to do with your deceased gerbil, put it into an air-locked bag and place it in the freezer. This prevents bacteria from decomposing the body, making it possible to dispose of the gerbil in one piece. There are many ways you can dispose of your dead gerbil, including:
how to dispose of a dead gerbil
Back Yard Burial
Many owners like to bury their gerbil in their back yard where they can mark the burial spot and visit their deceased pet. This brings comfort to many people, though it's not everyone's disposal method of choice.
When burying a gerbil in the back yard, owners can plant a tree or shrub where their pet rests. Similarly, you could place a bench where the burial site is located, allowing you to visit your pet on a warm day.
To protect your gerbil from other animals, such as foxes and cats, you'll need to dig several feet into the ground. Wrap the gerbil in something biodegradable, such as newspaper or cardboard, and place it gently into the ground. Wrapping it in plastic delays the decomposition process, preventing the body from breaking down naturally.
Once you've covered the gerbil with soil, you might want to put something heavy on top at first to prevent animals from digging. This could be a heavy plant pot or concrete slab.
However, if your gerbil was euthanized or given drugs to monitor a health condition, then you shouldn't bury your pet in your back yard. That's because it poses a health risk to the environment and other animals should they get hold of the body.
Let A Vet Take Care Of It
If your gerbil died at the animal hospital or you took it there to be euthanized, your vet can dispose of your gerbil's body for you. Dead animals are usually picked up by a crematorium and cremated.
If you've opted for a private cremation for your gerbil, the vet will return its ashes to you. While this is more expensive than a group pet burial, it means you'll get only your pet's ashes back.
It's not advised to cremate your gerbil yourself at home. It's a more complicated process than simply setting it alight in a fire-proof pot and can be distressing for pet owners to witness. Similarly, it's also a fire risk.
Pet Cemetery
If you don't have a yard or don't wish to bury your gerbil at home, you can take it to a pet cemetery. Many offer a full burial or cremation service for you to choose between, depending on your personal preference.
You'll also be given an individual grave and marker for your gerbil, allowing you to visit it whenever you like. Pet cemeteries are known to be quiet and peaceful, allowing many owners to find comfort.
Most owners prefer not to dispose of their gerbil this way, but may have no other option. As a result, you can put your gerbil in your waste bin.
Before you do, wrap it in newspaper or place it in a cardboard box to protect it against flies, particularly on a hot day. Otherwise, your bin will become infested with maggots. If you can, wait until bin collection day to place your gerbil in the bin.
While this isn't the most pleasant disposal method, it's cheap and stops the gerbil from decomposing inside your house, which is unhygienic.
What To Do When A Gerbil Dies
Once you've disposed of the gerbil, the work doesn't stop there. You'll need to make sure conditions are sanitary for your other gerbils. This will also prevent them from becoming unwell, particularly if your gerbil died of a contagious health condition. To do so, follow these next steps:
Clean The Cage
According to Behavior Research Methods and Instrumentation, gerbils frequently scent mark. As a result, you'll need to do a thorough clean of the gerbil's cage to remove the smell.
Gerbils grieve and can become depressed if they're left on their own for too long, so you should aim to remove all traces of your deceased gerbil to allow the surviving animals to move on.
Once you've removed the dead gerbil's body and disposed of it, clean the cage following these steps:
 1. Place the remaining gerbils in a secure location. You can let them play in a hamster wheel while you clean.
 2. Remove all bedding and dispose of it responsibly.
 3. Clean the entire enclosure, including all play toys, with an antibacterial spray.
 4. Replace the bedding and put your gerbils back into the enclosure.
Keep an eye on your surviving gerbil for any sign of depression and lethargy. This might mean it's feeling lonely, but it could also indicate that the deceased gerbil's smell still lingers. In which case, clean the cage again.
Get A New Gerbil
Gerbils don't do well living alone, even if they're old and at the end of their life. In the wild, they live in large groups that forage and burrow together. When alone in captivity, they become depressed.
Similarly, they also display stereotypes. This is when they carry out behaviors excessively, such as biting or digging. It's not usually a good sign.
As a result, you should try to introduce a new friend to your grieving gerbil. You can do this using the split cage method, where you divide the cage in half using a physical barrier or a split cage.
For the method to work, both gerbils must have access to everything they need, such as bedding, food, water, and toys.
Eventually, once the gerbils are used to each other's presence, you can remove the divider and let them live together, monitoring them for any signs of aggression.
Handle Your Gerbil
To prevent your gerbil from becoming depressed at the loss of its old friend, you'll need to spend lots of time with it with frequent handling and playtimes. This will help it get over the loss quicker and distract it from its sadness.
Eventually, once introduced to its new friend, it'll have fun playing and socializing with it. But while you're separating them, you must provide mental stimulation that they lack from their own kind.
Will A Gerbil Eat A Dead Gerbil?
While this isn't a pleasant thought for many owners, gerbils will eat their dead kin to protect the nest from predators. In the wild, as soon as a gerbil dies, the rest of the colony gets rids of the body by eating it.
Foul odors from decom