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Explicitly Checking Internal Consistency
When you're writing a program, it's often a good idea to put in checks at strategic places for "impossible" errors or violations of basic assumptions. These kinds of checks are helpful in debugging problems with the interfaces between different parts of the program, for example.
The assert macro, defined in the header file 'assert.h', provides a convenient way to abort the program while printing a message about where in the program the error was detected.
Once you think your program is debugged, you can disable the error checks performed by the assert macro by recompiling with the macro NDEBUG defined. This means you don't actually have to change the program source code to disable these checks.
But disabling these consistency checks is undesirable unless they make the program significantly slower. All else being equal, more error checking is good no matter who is running the program. A wise user would rather have a program crash, visibly, than have it return nonsense without indicating anything might be wrong.
Macro: void assert (int expression)
Verify the programmer's belief that expression should be nonzero at this point in the program.
If NDEBUG is not defined, assert tests the value of expression. If it is false (zero), assert aborts the program (see section Aborting a Program) after printing a message of the form:
'file':linenum: function: Assertion 'expression' failed.
on the standard error stream stderr (see section Standard Streams). The filename and line number are taken from the C preprocessor macros __FILE__ and __LINE__ and specify where the call to assert was written. When using the GNU C compiler, the name of the function which calls assert is taken from the built-in variable __PRETTY_FUNCTION__; with older compilers, the function name and following colon are omitted.
If the preprocessor macro NDEBUG is defined before 'assert.h' is included, the assert macro is defined to do absolutely nothing.
Warning: Even the argument expression expression is not evaluated if NDEBUG is in effect. So never use assert with arguments that involve side effects. For example, assert (++i > 0); is a bad idea, because i will not be incremented if NDEBUG is defined.
Sometimes the "impossible" condition you want to check for is an error return from an operating system function. Then it is useful to display not only where the program crashes, but also what error was returned. The assert_perror macro makes this easy.
Macro: void assert_perror (int errnum)
Similar to assert, but verifies that errnum is zero.
If NDEBUG is defined, assert_perror tests the value of errnum. If it is nonzero, assert_perror aborts the program after a printing a message of the form:
'file':linenum: function: error text
on the standard error stream. The file name, line number, and function name are as for assert. The error text is the result of strerror (errnum). See section Error Messages.
Like assert, if NDEBUG is defined before 'assert.h' is included, the assert_perror macro does absolutely nothing. It does not evaluate the argument, so errnum should not have any side effects. It is best for errnum to be a just simple variable reference; often it will be errno.
This macro is a GNU extension.
Usage note: The assert facility is designed for detecting internal inconsistency; it is not suitable for reporting invalid input or improper usage by the user of the program.
The information in the diagnostic messages printed by the assert macro is intended to help you, the programmer, track down the cause of a bug, but is not really useful for telling a user of your program why his or her input was invalid or why a command could not be carried out. So you can't use assert or assert_perror to print the error messages for these eventualities.
What's more, your program should not abort when given invalid input, as assert would do--it should exit with nonzero status (see section Exit Status) after printing its error messages, or perhaps read another command or move on to the next input file.
See section Error Messages, for information on printing error messages for problems that do not represent bugs in the program.
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text:
Utah State University Circular Variable Filter Spectrometers for Auroral Infrared Measurements.
STANFORD RESEARCH INST MENLO PARK CALIF
Pagination or Media Count:
The technical note is one of a series that provides brief descriptions of scientific programs investigating the physics and chemistry of the upper atmosphere under normal and disturbed conditions in support of the High Altitude Effects Simulation HAES program of the Defense Nuclear Agency. In the absence of actual nuclear testing in the atmosphere a number of experiments are being carried out both in the laboratory and in the field to determine a sufficient number of parameters to characterize the environment and its reactions in a suitable model. This technical note describes one of these experiments. The circular variable filter CVF infrared spectrometer is one of the principal instruments used in rocket-borne experiments to measure auroral infrared emissions. The spectrometers described were developed by Utah State University and include both liquid nitrogen cooled short wavelength infrared and liquid helium cooled long wave infrared spectrometers. A brief description is also given of the CVF spectrometer experiments flown in the ICECAP 73 rocket series launched from Poker Flat, Alaska in March 1973.
- Atmospheric Physics

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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---
title: "A Multivariate Approach to Adstock Rate Modeling in R"
author: "Riki Saito"
date: "December 29, 2017"
output: html_document
---
'''{r, echo = F}
pacman::p_load(mathpix)
'''
## Introduction
Advertising adstock is the carry-over effect of some advertisement to a consumer over time. Finding the decay rate or half-life of advertising is a common question of interest to many advertisers to determine how effective advertising builds the awareness of their brand.
Adstock is traditionally applied to advertisement via TV, and models are used to determine the best-fitting adstock rate of TV to Sales, or some sort of outcome (i.e. awareness). However in most cases, one would have other mediums such as Radio, Print, Digital, Social, etc.
I took the Nonlinear Least Squares approach to solving for the optimal adstock rate commonly applied to a single advertising medium, and augmented it to take in multiple variables.
My motivation for developing this multivariate approach is that modeling adstock rates for each advertisement medium independently may not be sufficient given that multiple mediums affect the outcome, and need to be accounted for collectively.
## Method
Let $i = 1,..., T$, $\lambda$ = adstock rate, and $\epsilon_{i}$ = error at time $i$. Then we can model Sales (or some outcome of advertising) as:
$$
Sales_{i} = Base + \beta * Adstock(Ad_{i}, \lambda) + \epsilon_{i}
$$
where
$$
Adstock(Ad_i, \lambda) = Ad_{i} + \lambda*Adstock(Ad_{t = i-1}, \lambda)
$$
Now let's say there are three advertising mediums that we want to compute adstock rates for. In this multivariate scenario, this model would look like this:
$$
Sales_{i} = Base + \beta_1 * Adstock(Ad_{(1, i)}, \lambda_1) + \beta_2 * Adstock(Ad_{(2,i)}, \lambda_2) + \beta_3 * Adstock(Ad_{(3,i)}, \lambda_3) + \epsilon_{i}
$$
The goal is to find the optimal rates of all $\lambda$ values, using Nonlinear Least Squares. The intercept that is computed from the model can also be interpreted as the **Base**, or the base level of sales or outcome if there were no advertising at all.
## Example in R
For this example I generated a sample data with 3 ad variables (each representing some advertisement medium) with 104 obervations (representing roughly 2 years of weekly data). Then 'sales' is generated from base + ad variables w/ ad stocking, with added random noise.
FYI: If you aren't using 'pacman' already, it is a great package management tool and I would highly recommend it [(link to Github)](_URL_
'''{r}
# generate sample data
pacman::p_load(minpack.lm)
set.seed(2222)
# adstock function
adstock<-function(x,rate=0){
return(as.numeric(stats::filter(x=x,filter=rate,method="recursive")))
}
# generate base (intercept) + noise, and random values for ad1, ad2, and ad3
n_weeks = 104
base = 50
ad1 = sapply(rnorm(n_weeks, mean = 20, sd = 10), function(x) round(max(x, 0), 0))
ad2 = sapply(rnorm(n_weeks, mean = 20, sd = 10), function(x) round(max(x, 0), 0))
ad3 = sapply(rnorm(n_weeks, mean = 20, sd = 10), function(x) round(max(x, 0), 0))
# adstock rates
ad1_rate = .7
ad2_rate = .4
ad3_rate = .5
# generate sales data from the base + ad vairables w/ ad stocking, with random noise
sales = round(base + adstock(ad1, ad1_rate) + adstock(ad2, ad2_rate) + adstock(ad3, ad3_rate) + rnorm(n_weeks, sd = 5), 0)
'''
I wrote a **Multivariate Adstock Function** in R, with special thanks to **Angela Ju**, whose code from [this article](_URL_ I adopted and augmented. The equation from is implemented in the R function using the 'nls' function to fit a nonlinear least squares with the adstock function.
This function can take a 'data.frame' of any number of column(s) (or advertisement mediums), and will calculate the optimal adstock rate for each column in the input data.
'''{r}
#multivariate adstock function
AdstockRateMV <- function(Impact, Ads, maxiter = 100){
# parameter names
params = letters[2:(ncol(Ads)+1)]
# ad variable names
ads = paste0("ad_", params)
# rate variable names
rates = paste0("rate_", params)
# create partial formula
param_fm = paste(
paste(params, "*adstock(", ads, ",", rates, ")", sep = ""),
collapse = " + "
)
# create whole formula
fm = as.formula(paste("Impact ~ a +", param_fm))
# starting values for nls
start = c(rep(1, length(params) + 1), rep(.1, length(rates)))
names(start) = c("a", params, rates)
# input data
Ads_df = Ads
names(Ads_df) = ads
Data = cbind(Impact, Ads_df)
# fit model
modFit <- nls(data = Data, fm, start = start, control = nls.control(maxiter = maxiter, warnOnly = T))
# if all decay rates greater than 0, done. If not, use a constrained nls model (with lower and upper parameter limits)
if(!all(summary(modFit)$coefficients[rates, 1] > 0)){
library(minpack.lm)
lower = c(rep(-Inf, length(params) + 1), rep(0, length(rates)))
upper = c(rep(Inf, length(params) + 1), rep(1, length(rates)))
modFit <- nlsLM(fm, data = Data, start = start,
lower = lower, upper = upper,
control = nls.lm.control(maxiter = maxiter))
}
# model coefficients
AdstockInt = round(summary(modFit)$coefficients[1, 1])
AdstockCoef = round(summary(modFit)$coefficients[params, 1], 2)
AdstockRate = round(summary(modFit)$coefficients[rates, 1], 2)
# print formula with coefficients
param_fm_coefs = paste(
paste(round(AdstockCoef, 2), " * adstock(", names(Ads), ", ", round(AdstockRate, 2), ")", sep = ""),
collapse = " + "
)
fm_coefs = as.formula(paste("Impact ~ ", AdstockInt, " +", param_fm_coefs))
# rename rates with original variable names
names(AdstockRate) = paste0("rate_", names(Ads))
# calculate percent error
mape = mean(abs((Impact-predict(modFit))/Impact) * 100)
# return outputs
return(list(fm = fm_coefs, base = AdstockInt, rates = AdstockRate, mape = mape))
}
'''
The function takes in an 'Impact' (a vector or single-column data frame of some advertising outcome), 'Ads' (data frame of advertisement variables), and 'maxiter' (maximum # of iterations for convergence), and returns the adstock model formula, base value, adstock rate for each ads considered, and the Mean average percent error (MAPE) between the predicted outcome and actual outcome.
First as a baseline, let's fit a univariate model for adstock rates for each advertisement mediums.
'''{r}
# adstock for ad1
Impact = sales
(mod = AdstockRateMV(Impact, data.frame


RCAF Squadron Numbers
Modern squadrons of the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) have 400-series numbers, e.g., 425 Tactical Fighter Squadron. To understand why, some history is necessary.
After the First World War, airmen who had fought in that conflict, having served with either the Royal Flying Corps or Royal Naval Air Service, returned to a country without an air force. The Government of Canada formed an air board which morphed into the Canadian Air Force. On 1 April 1924 the Royal Canadian Air Force was officially formed.
The RCAF existed from 1924 to 1968, and with the unification of the military services, then became Canadian Forces Air Command of the Canadian Armed Forces. It reverted back to its historic name in 2011. As of 1 April 2019, Canada has had an air force for 95 years.
RCAF Traditions
The embryo RCAF based its traditions on the Royal Air Force. Uniforms were identical, the RCAF March Past and heraldic badging were similar, and parallel formations (flights, squadrons, wings and groups) were organized. As well, the rank structure was adapted from the RAF.
What about squadron identity? Early on, numbered squadrons were fairly simple and did not reflect any tradition. For example, both the RCAF and the RAF had a 111 Squadron. However, with the advent of the Second World War and introduction of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan (BCATP), matters changed rapidly.
After Canada entered the war in September 1939, the BCATP was established by British Commonwealth nations for the training of aircrews in a safe environment in Canada away from hostilities. Part of this agreement resulted in Canada changing the designation of its RCAF squadrons in accordance with Article XV of the BCATP.
The 400 Series Squadrons
The BCATP was de facto a cooperative between the various British Commonwealth air forces. Under Article XV, RCAF squadrons were assigned a block of numbers from 400 through 443 to avoid confusion with squadron numbers of other Commonwealth air forces. Note that not all 400 numbers were used, stopping at 443 during the war.
The 400 squadron number designation continued through the post-war years. The current Royal Canadian Air Force operational squadrons are still numbered in the 400s due to their legacy as wartime units which includes battles fought and shown on the Squadron Standard. There is an exception and that is the SAR squadron in Gander NL, 103 Search and Rescue squadron.
Additional Post-Second World War Squadrons
After the Second World War and the formation of NATO, the RCAF expanded their squadron numbers to include 444 to 450. No 450 was also a Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) squadron but the Canadian 450 squadron duplicated this number by error. This was discovered when 450 Squadron, flying the CH-147 Chinook helicopter, was formed in 1968 in Edmonton. The Australians gave Canada permission to continue using this number and it is still in use today. The block is now complete from 400 to 450 but all numbers are not currently active.
Since the war, the one exception to flying units were the Surface to Air missile squadrons formed in 1962. Bomarc missile squadrons 446 Squadron, based in North Bay, Ontario, and 447 Squadron, based in La Macaza, Quebec, were operational from 1962 to 1972. They were disbanded when Canada returned its nuclear weapons to the United States.
For more about RCAF squadrons, go to the Canadian Armed Forces website and under Air Force find information on roles, types of aircraft and locations of flying units.
Murray Lee is a veteran RCAF fighter pilot with 37 years of service in the RCAF and Canadian Armed Forces.
A PDF of this Information Note is available here. The RCAF map is available here.
RUSI(NS) Staff


text:
(BPT) - Have you ever considered composite decking but disregarded the idea because you felt like you didn't know enough about it? Maybe you've wondered how composite decking is made? Or what kinds of materials make up composite decking?
Although composite decking is not new, lack of familiarity with the product may lead you to be confused when making a decision about the type of product you should choose for your deck. To make this decision-making process easier, it often helps to go back to the basics.
So what is composite decking anyway? By definition, composite decking is a wood-like product that is created by the mixture of wood fibers, or sawdust, and virgin and recycled plastics. The combination of these elements along with color pigments and other protective additives, form a traditional wood-like decking profile that requires less maintenance than traditional wood decks.
Many composite decking products are manufactured through a process called extrusion. This is defined as a forming process in which melted plastic and wood materials are forced through an opening to produce a product that maintains a relatively consistent size and shape. Think of it like putty that is being pushed through a mold. The opening gives the board the shape and texture.
Another manufacturing method is compression molding. Combined molten materials for the composite wood are placed on to wood grain molds which are then compressed under tremendous heat and pressure to create a physical bond. The force applied helps to squeeze out air pockets and create a compressed board.
For outdoor living, composite decking provides many added benefits including weather resistance, complementary colors, durability and reduced maintenance.
* Weather resistance: The density of a composite decking board helps protect the board from rot and decay caused by prolonged exposure to moisture. By keeping moisture out, this helps reduce mildew, insects and bacteria.
* Complementary colors: The composite boards are also manufactured in a range of colors to perfectly complement any home. Instead of needing stain or paint, the colors are already added to the boards.
* Durability: Composite decking boards are manufactured to be stain resistant against certain common food and beverage stains, including mustard, ketchup, barbecue sauce, canola oil, fruit punch, wines and coffee. This stain resistance will preserve the life and beauty of the deck.
* Maintenance: Composite decking does not require paint, stain or a sealer reducing the overall maintenance of the deck. The best way to maintain a composite deck is to keep it swept, hose it off at least twice a year and attend to stains promptly with household cleaners or commercially available composite deck cleaners.
Overall, composite decking is a low maintenance product that has become a desirable alternative for outdoor living. Some composite deck products, like TAMKO's Envision, even add an extra layer of protection against weather, staining and scratching to preserve the natural beauty of the composite decking board.
TAMKO's Envision is uniquely designed with an added outer layer that is physically bonded to the core board under a compression process. This bonded outer layer adds durability to the core materials that provide the strength and consistency of the board. Envision also comes in four true, multi-shaded color options, designed with color highlights that emulate the textures and natural color variations of real wood to further enhance the natural beauty of the deck. To learn more about TAMKO's Envision, visit _URL_.
Knowing more about the choices available helps you make a more informed decision about the product that is best for you. Composite decking shouldn't be something you avoid because you don't know anything about it. Composite decking has come a long way since it was first introduced and can provide you with the beauty and satisfaction you look for in a deck for years to come. You don't want to miss out.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: A comparative study of the forelimbs of the semifossorial prairie dog, Cynomys gunnisoni, and the scansorial tree squirrel, Sciurus niger, was focused on the musculoskeletal design for digging in the former and climbing in the latter. Based on lever arm mechanics, it was expected that the forelimb of the prairie dog would show features appropriate to the production of relatively large forces and that of the fox squirrel to relatively great velocity. Force and lever arm measurements were made of select forelimb muscles at the shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints for a series of angles in both species. Contraction time and fatigue indexes were determined for the same forelimb muscles. Contrary to expectation, in the few cases in which significant (P less than.05) differences were found, the forces, lever arms, and torques (force times its lever arm) were greater in the smaller fox squirrel. The observed variation in the torques produced fits the demands on the forelimb during climbing and digging as estimated from films. Several forelimb muscles of the fox squirrel show significantly higher mean contraction times than do the homologous muscles of the prairie dog. There were no significant differences between the two species in the fatigability of the selected forelimb muscles, although the mean fatigue index was always higher (less fatigable muscle) in the prairie dog. Similarities in the forelimbs of these two sciurids suggest that only minor modifications may have been required of the ancestral forelimb in order for descendent forms to operate successfully as climbers and diggers.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


S. H. Mintardja
35pages on
this wiki
S.H. Mintardja or Singgih Hadi Mintardja is the pioneer of cerita silat writer. Before that, Chinese wuxia tales were already popular among the readers, both translated versions of Chinese authors works by OKT (Oey Kim Tiang) and Gan Kok Liang a.k.a. Gan KL, and also original works, such as those of Asmaraman Sukowati Kho Ping Hoo. He died in 1999 at age 66.
Mintardja has written more than 400 books, the longest serie was Api di Bukit Menoreh with 396 books. The titles of the books he wrote are, for example:
Introducing new termEdit
Normally a cerita silat writer uses the word silat or martial art to refer the ability to fight, but not Mintardja. He used to introduce new terms like olah kanuragan or ilmu kanuragan.
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Chakra #5: The Vishuddhi Chakra, Diplomacy & Collective enjoyment
The Vishuddhi chakra has sixteen petals, each with different qualities and functions. On the physical side, it looks after throat, arms, face, mouth, teeth, etc., so they must all be taken care of. For instance, protecting yourself from the cold, avoiding tobacco, taking proper dental care, and so on. This is particularly important for your vibratory awareness, as the nerves which register the vibrations in the hands pass through this centre.


Hymenomonas Taxonomy Classification
What is the taxonomy of Hymenomonas? What is the classification of Hymenomonas? What are Hymenomonas taxonomy levels? What is taxonomy for Hymenomonas?
A taxonomic rank of Hymenomonas is Genus. The taxonomic classification of Hymenomonas is Kingdom Chromista ; Subkingdom Chromista ; Division Haptophyta ; Class Prymnesiophyceae ; Order Prymnesiales ; Family Syracosphaeraceae ; Genus Hymenomonas.
That's complete full scientific classification of Hymenomonas. Hopefully you can understand the Hymenomonas taxonomy hierarchy name and levels.
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Why do they want to change the date of Australia Day?
The move led to the dispossession of Indigenous peoples from the land they had inhabited for thousands of years up to the arrival of the First Fleet. Forty-one per cent of those surveyed believed changing the date of Australia Day would be important in improving the lives of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders.
What day do they want to change Australia Day to?
More than half of 5,000 people surveyed on a youth social media platform want Australia Day changed from 26 January as debate flares again over the national day.
Why should we keep the date of Australia Day?
Saving the date means continuing to celebrate a date that's painful for many people. Changing the date or canceling the date doesn't address the trauma and disadvantage that started at colonisation and still affects Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people today.
Why Australia Day is really held on 26 January and the push to change the date?
Observed annually on 26 January, it marks the 1788 raising of the British flag at Sydney Cove by Arthur Phillip following days of exploration of Port Jackson in New South Wales by the First Fleet.
IT IS INTERESTING: What race was first in Australia?
Has the date of Australia Day ever changed?
The states and territories agreed to celebrate Australia Day in 1988 on 26 January, rather than with a long weekend. Aborigines renamed Australia Day, 'Invasion Day'.
What was the original date of Australia Day?
Australia Day – 30th July
On July 30 in 1915, the first official Australia Day was held, which was actually to raise funds for the World War I effort. Ellen Wharton-Kirke, from Manly NSW, made the suggestion to Premier Sir Charles Wade, reportedly due to the enlistment of her three sons.
Who found Australia?
What is the controversy over Australia Day?
The first fleet of British convicts arrived in Sydney on Jan. 26, 1788, but Aboriginal groups mourn what they call "Invasion Day." Australia's national day is controversial because it is held on a date marking British colonization.
Why did Triple J change the date?
2017–present: Announcement of date change
In 2017, Triple J announced that they would be holding 2018's Hottest 100 on January 27, instead of the traditional date of January 26. Triple J cited "growing dialogue around Indigenous recognition and perspectives on 26 January.
Was Australia Colonised or invaded?
What are the traditions of Australia Day?
Article The Best Aussie Traditions for Australia Day
 - Enjoy a BBQ. The perfect and traditional way to celebrate Australia day is with a barbeque. …
 - Head to a local park. …
 - Wear your Aussie gear. …
 - Cool down at the beach. …
 - Watch the fireworks. …
 - Aussie food. …
 - Throw a street party.
IT IS INTERESTING: You asked: Where can I buy Australian Dream Arthritis Cream?
When was Australia named?
On 12 December 1817, Governor Lachlan Macquarie recommended to the British Colonial Office that the "Australia" be adopted as the name of the continent still being referred to as New Holland. Finally, in 1824, the British Admiralty agreed that the continent should be officially called Australia.
How old is Australia?
Going to Sydney


Exploring the Potential Benefits of Spectrum Technology and its Impact on Industries
0
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Introduction:
Welcome to our comprehensive guide to Spectrum Technology and its potential benefits. Spectrum Technology is a term used to describe a range of advanced technologies that have the potential to revolutionize various industries, including healthcare, finance, and logistics. In this article, we will explore what Spectrum Technology is, how it works, and its potential benefits. We will also discuss its impact on various industries and why it is worth considering.
What is Spectrum Technology?
_URL_
Spectrum Technology refers to a range of advanced technologies that use spectrum, which is the range of electromagnetic frequencies used for communication. This includes everything from radio waves to visible light. Spectrum Technology uses this range of frequencies to transmit information wirelessly, which allows for faster and more efficient communication.
How does Spectrum Technology work?
Spectrum Technology works by utilizing a range of frequencies to transmit information wirelessly. This technology uses a combination of hardware and software to detect, process, and transmit information across a network of devices. The devices use antennas to send and receive signals, which are then processed by software to extract the information and transmit it wirelessly. This allows for fast and efficient communication, even over long distances.
Benefits of Spectrum Technology:
 1. Faster communication: Spectrum Technology allows for faster communication, which is essential in many industries. This can help increase productivity and reduce costs.
 2. Improved efficiency: Spectrum Technology can also improve efficiency by reducing the amount of time and resources required to transmit information.
 3. Enhanced security: Spectrum Technology can also improve security by using encryption and other security measures to protect sensitive information.
 4. Better connectivity: Spectrum Technology can also improve connectivity by allowing for more devices to be connected to a network.
Impact on Healthcare:
Spectrum Technology has the potential to revolutionize healthcare by allowing for faster and more efficient communication between healthcare providers and patients. This can help improve patient outcomes and reduce costs.
Spectrum Technology can also help improve the accuracy and efficiency of medical devices. For example, wireless sensors can be used to monitor patients remotely, which can help identify potential health issues before they become more serious.
Impact on Finance:
Spectrum Technology can also have a significant impact on the finance industry. This technology can help improve the speed and accuracy of financial transactions, which can help reduce costs and increase efficiency.
Spectrum Technology can also help improve the security of financial transactions by using encryption and other security measures to protect sensitive information.
Impact on Logistics:
Spectrum Technology can also improve logistics by allowing for faster and more efficient communication between logistics providers and customers. This can help reduce costs and improve the overall customer experience.
Spectrum Technology can also help improve the accuracy and efficiency of logistics tracking systems. For example, wireless sensors can be used to track the location of goods, which can help reduce the risk of loss or theft.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, Spectrum Technology is an advanced technology that has the potential to revolutionize various industries, including healthcare, finance, and logistics. This technology offers many benefits, including faster communication, improved efficiency, enhanced security, and better connectivity. By leveraging this technology, businesses can improve their operations and gain a competitive edge. If you're considering implementing Spectrum Technology in your business, now is the time to start exploring its potential benefits.
Introducing WAO Health & beauty products, a revolutionary product that harnesses the healing properties of titanium, germanium, and high vibration stones. This innovative technology has been specially designed by Spectrum Technology to enhance your overall health and wellbeing. The titanium in WAO Health & beauty products helps to boost your immune system and promote cell regeneration, while germanium aids in detoxification and improved circulation. High vibration stones, have been added to the blend to help balance your energy and promote a sense of calm and relaxation. With WAO Health & beauty products, you can experience the benefits of these powerful natural materials in one convenient product. Try it today and start feeling the difference in your overall health and vitality!
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text:
Sri Lanka's Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB) is in the process of finalising the contract lot no 1 designated for preliminary works at the 150MW Upper Kotmale project, after the run-of-river scheme was finally approved subject to a stringent environmental management programme.
The project will be built on the Kotmale oya a tributary of the country's longest river Mahaweli. The plant will be located upstream of the existing 201MW Kotmale reservoir, the uppermost impoundment of the Mahaweli cascade. The plant harnesses a gross head of 491m available between upper reaches of Kotmale oya and the existing Kotmale reservoir high water level. The main inflow of the Kotmale oya is to be augmented by diverting water from several streams in the same basin.
The project involves construction of the 35.5m high main dam, water conveying and access tunnels, surge and pressure shaft, steel lined penstock, underground power house cavern, and weirs and tunnels used for diversions. The electromechanical equipment includes two turbine generator units, each with a 75MW capacity.
The preliminary works to be commenced shortly includes construction of access roads to the main construction sites, housing, office complexes and recreational facilities for the construction staff, housing and infrastructure facilities for re-settlers, and the provision of electricity supply to the project area.
CEB has introduced a comprehensive environmental management programme in planning the project and it is scheduled to effect number of mitigatory measures to minimise the environmental impacts during and after the project implementation. The work has already begun with regard to the biodiversity assessment and the watershed management plan. The resettlement action plan has already been finalised.
Upper Kotmale – funded by Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) – is expected to generate 528GWh annually.


text:
When it comes to handling high-stake risks on a day-to-day basis, the role of an air traffic controller (ATC) has few rivals. Traditional risk management approaches focus on training, procedures, the work environment and employee health, but the interaction between personality and risk remains comparatively unexplored.
The lack of understanding of the relationship between risk and personality is addressed by the Risk Type Compass (RTC) – a personality assessment that focuses on differences in how individuals perceive, manage and make decisions about risk. Based on extensive global psychological research, it places individuals into one of 8 distinctive 'Risk Types', providing insights that have important implications for individuals, teams and organisations.
So do Air Traffic Controllers Have a Type?
To explore this question, we analysed the reports of 90 individuals from the latter stages of an ATC recruitment process. Initial results point to a resounding "yes", but it is only when compared against a general population sample of 8,000 that the extent of these differences becomes fully apparent.
Over three-quarters of the ATC sample were categorised as 'Deliberate' Risk Types, greatly exceeding the 17% represented in the general population. A complete absence of Carefree and Excitable Risk Types was also notable as, together, these reflect around a fifth of the general population. However, the distinctiveness of the sample did not end with the distribution of Risk Types.
Risk Type Strength refers to the distance of the individual from the Risk Type Compass's central axis, and reflects how closely the individual will relate to their Risk Type description. When compared with Deliberate Risk Types from the general population, the ATC group were five times more likely to fall into the strongest 'Strength 5' category.
What is a Deliberate Type?
Calm, calculated and sure-footed, they are not easily unnerved, but they test the ground thoroughly and like to do things 'by the book'. They will approach tasks in an analytical and business-like way, and will like to plan ahead and be well prepared. Their position on the RTC places them at an opposing position to the Excitable Risk Type, whose decisions are fuelled by enthusiasm for exciting ideas and opportunities, but tempered by sensitive risk antennae. Excitable Risk Types may wrestle over decisions, but will go in deep once committed.
An individual's Risk Type is a reflection of their perception, tolerance and propensity towards risk-taking, and this insight can be applied in various ways. When used in combination with other metrics, the Risk Type Compass can facilitate discussion around a variety of risk-related topics, and these can benefit processes involved in the selection and personal development of individuals in the ATC industry.
Each Risk Type encompasses various strengths and challenges that influence how individuals approach and complete tasks. The self-awareness generated by the Risk Type Compass can aid in identifying the most suitable and effective strategies for that individual to adopt in dealing with any challenges and to improve performance. An example for Deliberate Risk Types could be the need to appreciate that whilst their calm and business-like manner will usually prove a valuable asset in coping with the stress of their role, that same calmness may also prove a barrier to communicating the potential urgency of a situation to pilots.
Understanding variation in these factors will aid in selection, development and team building programs to help ensure an organisation achieves its desired balance. To enquire further about how the Risk Type Compass could benefit you and your organisation, contact us today. More research using the Risk Type Compass can be found in our Knowledge Bank.
This article, by Dr Simon Toms at PCL, was published in The Controller, the official journal of the International Federation of Air Traffic Controllers' Associations (see page 22).


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By Nick Gilbert
A study conducted by Element Six, a specialist in synthetic diamond supermaterials, along with scientists from the Departments of Chemistry and Physics at the University of Warwick, has revealed that boron-doped synthetic diamond materials can be suitable for a new generation of electrochemical applications.
The research shows that boron-doped synthetic diamond has outstanding electrochemical properties while retaining the full strength and durability of its chemical structure.
The study shows that the materials have excellent electrochemical properties and retain the durability and strength of their chemical structure.
According to the research findings, the quantity of boron doping in the synthetic diamond together with a decrease in graphitic content, makes the material an ideal choice for the analysis of electrochemical reactions in a broad measurement range.
Element Six developed the high quality synthetic diamond samples that were used in the research by using chemical vapour deposition (CVD), and optimized them mainly for electrochemical applications. The collaborative research discovered that it was possible to dope the synthetic diamond material with considerably high levels of boron to allow metal electrode-like behavior, and simultaneously restrain the creation of graphitic carbon elements to below detectable levels. Thus, an optimized material is provided by the team which maximizes the series of analytes that can be found in solution along with reduced detection limits. The enhanced boron-doped electrodes will facilitate the development of electrochemical sensors with improved reliability, selectivity and sensitivity.
The technical research on synthetic diamond material was performed by the Element Six's UK-based R&D team and the electrochemical studies were conducted by the University of Warwick's Electrochemistry and Interfaces Group.


text: This paper shows the inverter carrier frequency effects to the vibration on a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) by measurements and simulations. A coupling analysis between a circuit simulator and an FEA is used to analyze the flux density which the carrier harmonics are included in the air gap. The vibration analysis is carried out by using that flux density in the air gap, the vibration around the carrier frequency can be analyzed. Adding that, the experiment which is both the tracking analysis and the mode analysis is carried out to confirm the analysis results. As a result, the vibration frequency and also vibration mode around the carrier frequency are confirmed and these results can be used for the low vibration motor design.


How to tell if steak is bad
How do you know if a steak is spoiled?
Smell: Rotten steak smell is pretty easy to distinguish. You will know if the beef is ready to be tossed if the smell is unpleasant and rancid enough that it causes your face to scrunch up. Touch: If you touch your finger to the meat and it's sticky, this is a sign that it's gone bad.
Can you eat steak if it turns brown?
What happens if you eat bad steak?
Side effects of eating bad beef
What does bad steak smell like?
A spoiled steak will have a potent odor that no longer smells like raw steak but instead has an ammonia-clad aroma. You'll definitely know the odor when you smell it, and it's a sure-fire sign that you should not plan to eat it! It's important to note that your nose may not also be the best thing to use.
Is Steak OK if its GREY?
When the surface of the meat comes into contact with oxygen, it turns red. If the meat is not exposed to oxygen, it changes to a gray-brown hue. But that does not mean it is spoiled. … Ground beef that has been frozen may also turn gray, but it is still safe to eat if stored properly.
You might be interested: Cooking blade steak
Can I eat steak that's been in the fridge for a week?
How long is raw steak good in fridge?
3 to 5 days
Why is my raw steak Brown?
So why does meat turn brown? Both myoglobin and oxymyoglobin have the ability to lose their oxidation which results in a brown color called metmyoglobin. This essentially means that meat can turn from a bright red color (which many associate with fresh) to a brown color from a lack of oxygen.
Why is the inside of my raw steak Brown?
Because so much of the meat is exposed to air when ground beef is made, the myoglobin gets saturated with oxygen. … When ground beef is packaged, the outside of the meat is exposed to air again, so it turns that pretty red color. The air can only penetrate so far through the meat, so the inside stays brown.
Does spoiled meat smell when cooked?
Many types of spoiled meat will exhibit a soured smell when cooking. Spoiled meat also tends to have a slimy and dull finish to it, and may have discoloration on its surface. However, other spoilage bacteria will present no visible clues.
Can you eat out of date steak?
The date is merely an indicator of food quality (i.e., flavor), not food safety. Consuming anything that has gone past its "Best if Used By" date may be still fit to eat, so long as it has been carefully and properly stored and/or refrigerated. … The rest of the steak is cooked and seared making it perfectly safe to eat.
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Publish Your Map on the Web
Here are two (free!) options for publishing your Folium map on the web.
One of the easiest ways to publish your map is to drag and drop your map into Netlify.
All you need to do is:
 1. Create a folder for your web map (which you can name whatever you want, e.g. "my-web-map")
 2. Change the name of your map HTML file to "index.html"
 3. Move "index.html" inside your web map folder
 4. Then drag and drop this folder into Netlify
Netlify will create a live site with your map (at a random URL), which will stay online for 24 hours. To make this site permanent and/or change the site URL, you can sign up for a free Netlify account. To change the site's name, go to Settings -> Site Details -> "Change site name"
You can check out a sample map published with Netlify here:
GitHub Pages
You can also publish your map as a simple website with GitHub Pages (as featured in the example above). Below I'm going to walk through the key points of the GitHub Pages tutorial for creating a "Project site."
Though you don't need to be a GitHub expert to make a GitHub Pages website, understanding the following premises will be helpful:
 - GitHub consists of "repositories" where you can store files and code for your projects
 - Git (the backbone of GitHub) is a version-control system that helps you keep track of the changes in your projects. Whereas a platform like Google Docs automatically keeps track of changes that you make in a document, Git needs you to record and track your own changes in a more explicit way. You will need to "commit" any changes that you make (e.g., adding your map file) and include a message that describes this change (e.g., "added a map file").
For more information, refer back to our course materials Git & GitHub or see GitHub's official guides.
Create a New Repository
If you don't have one already, create a GitHub account. Then create a "New repository".
Your free GitHub Pages website will be hosted at a URL that combines your GitHub user name and your repository name, like so So be sure to choose your names wisely!
Provide a name for your repository and then click "Create Repository."
Choose a GitHub Pages Theme
Choose a theme/style/layout for your website. Go to Settings -> GitHub Pages -> "Choose a theme". For this tutorial, I'm choosing the "Minimal" theme.
Once you've selected a theme, you can delete the text that's included in the default "" file. Whatever you put in this Markdown (.md) file will be featured on your web site's home page. For now, you can put something simple in the file, add a "commit" message (such as "added website content"), and then "Commit changes" (you can "Commit directly to the master branch").
Markdown is a special markup language, which allows you to format and style text in a very simple way. For example, a hash mark # will format your text as a header and a pair of asterisks ** will format your text in italics.
To embed your map directly into your home page, return to your "" file, click the "Edit" button (the little pencil icon), and add the following "iframe" code with your map html file inside:
NOTE: HTML (like the iframe code above) is conveniently compatible with Markdown.
Customize Map
This GitHub Pages site is meant to be minimal (hence the name), but there are a few ways that you can customize it.
You can change the title of your website, provide a description, and add a logo by editing the "_config.yml" file, as below:
title: Sample Map Website
description: This website demonstrates how to easily publish and display an interactive map made with Folium. It features some hot spots around Ithaca, NY.
logo: Taughannock.jpg
**#**Note: You can also add a logo from an image URL, as below
You can read more about configuration options at the Minimal theme's GitHub page.
Sample Website
You can look at the GitHub repository for this sample website here:


text: The new frontier in the quest for the highest contrast levels in the focal plane of a coronagraph is now the correction of the large diffraction artifacts introduced at the science camera by apertures of increasing complexity. Indeed, the future generation of spaceand ground-based coronagraphic instruments will be mounted on on-axis and/or segmented telescopes; the design of coronagraphic instruments for such observatories is currently a domain undergoing rapid progress. One approach consists of using two sequential deformable mirrors (DMs) to correct for aberrations introduced by secondary mirror structures and segmentation of the primary mirror. The coronagraph for the WFIRST-AFTA mission will be the first of such instruments in space with a two-DM wavefront control system. Regardless of the control algorithm for these multiple DMs, they will have to rely on quick and accurate simulation of the propagation effects introduced by the out-of-pupil surface. In the first part of this paper, we present the analytical description of the different approximations to simulate these propagation effects. In Appendix A, we prove analytically that in the special case of surfaces inducing a converging beam, the Fresnel method yields high fidelity for simulations of these effects. We provide numerical simulations showing this effect. In the second part, we use these tools in the framework of the active compensation of aperture discontinuities (ACAD) technique applied to pupil geometries similar to WFIRST-AFTA. We present these simulations in the context of the optical layout of the high-contrast imager for complex aperture telescopes, which will test ACAD on a optical bench. The results of this analysis show that using the ACAD method, an apodized pupil Lyot coronagraph, and the performance of our current DMs, we are able to obtain, in numerical simulations, a dark hole with a WFIRST-AFTA-like. Our numerical simulation shows that we can obtain contrast better than in monochromatic light and better than with 10% bandwidth between 5 and 14.


text:
Economics Doctoral Students Secure National Science Foundation Funding
Economics doctoral students Brendan Livingston
and Carl Kitchens have received NSF Doctoral
Dissertation Research Improvement Grants.
By Liz Warren-Pederson
Doctoral students in economics at the Eller College have a long history of attracting grant funding for dissertation projects — Carl Kitchens and Brendan Livingston are the latest. Each was awarded a $10,000, one-year Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grant from the National Science Foundation Directorate for Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences.
"I'm trying to figure out what happened to private charities during the Great Depression," said Livingston. "Researchers are unsure why current poverty relief is provided by the government rather than by churches and charities."
One theory, he noted, is that New Deal legislation forced people to donate to the poor, reducing voluntary contributions to private charities. "Previous data about this time period is inconclusive because we don't have data on donations to charities," he explained. "The NSF grant allows me to create a data set where I observe both donations and spending by charities before and during the Great Depression. This allows me to tell a story about what happened to private charities during the Great Depression."
Kitchens, meanwhile, is working on a paper that explores eminent domain, or the power of the state to seize a citizen's private property, such as land, with compensation but without consent. The paper uses data from the Tennessee Valley Authority, one of the biggest eminent domain cases in the country's history. Some of Kitchens' data indicates that the project may have lowered electricity costs less than projected.
Other recent recipients of dissertation grants from the NSF include:
Jonathan Fox: "Public Health Movements, Local Poor Relief, and Child Mortality in the United States: _PHONE_."
Jedidiah Brewer: "The Effect of Hypermart Entry on Traditional Gasoline Retailers: Evidence from a Natural Experiment."
Samuel Allen: "Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Political Economy of Worker's Compensation Benefits: 1940 -2000."
Ryan Johnson: "Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Economic Progress of American Black
Workers in Periods of Crisis and Change, _PHONE_."
Melissa Thomasson: "Examining the Impact of Government Tax Policies on the Development of the
Market for Health Insurance."
Learn more about doctoral studies in the Department of Economics.


QCD sum rules for the anticharmed pentaqark
Download
2007
Saraç, Yasemin
For the anti-charmed pentaquark state with and without strangeness a QCD sum rule analysis, which is one of the nonperturbative approaches, is presented. For this purpose we employ pentaquark currents with and without strangeness, with two different current for each case. To refine the sum rules we also consider the DN continuum contribution in our analysis since this procedure is important to identify the signal of the pentaquark state. While the sum rules for most of the currents are either non-convergent or dominated by the DN continuum, the one for the non-strange pentaquark current composed of two diquarks and an antiquark, is convergent and has a structure consistent with a positive parity pentaquark state after subtracting out the DN continuum contribution. Arguments are presented on the similarity between the result of the present analysis and that based on the constituent quark models, which predict more stable pentaquark states when the antiquark is heavy.
Citation Formats
Y. Saraç, "QCD sum rules for the anticharmed pentaqark," Ph.D. - Doctoral Program, Middle East Technical University, 2007.


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Women's History Consortium
Washington's Women's History
Celebrating 100 Years of Women's Rights
The Women's History Consortium, created by state statute (RCW 27.34.360) in 2005 as a Washington State Historical Society-led initiative, is dedicated to preserving and making available resources about Washington women's history.
The Women's History Consortium partners with the State Library, State Archives, Western Washington University, the University of Washington, The Evergreen State College, Central Washington University, Eastern Washington University, Washington State University, and the Northwest Museum of Arts & Culture to bring together their women's history materials on this website. The Consortium isadvised by a 15-member board appointed by the Governor and Washington State Legislature.
Why Women's History
by Dr. Sue Armitage
As you think about the history of Washington State, make a list of women who have been important in shaping that history. Who can you name? Your list is likely to be very short. More...
2013 marks the 100th year of women serving in the Washington State Legislature as the next step in equality after Washington women won the vote in 1910.
In honor of this anniversary, WHC and Senator Karen Fraser, Senator Linda Evans Parlette, Representative Sharon Wylie and Representative Maureen Walsh, organized a panel discussion on February 13, 2013 featuring former legislators Rosa Franklin, Lorraine Hine, Jeanine Long, Mary Ellen McCaffree, Louise Miller, Harriet Spanel and Shirley Winsley.
From the Collection
Washington Women's History Consortium
211 21st Avenue SW
Olympia, WA 98501


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Bayer is trying to protect its manufacturing process for a chewable drug delivery dosage form with a US patent application.
The US patent filing covers the manufacturing process for a soft chewable product for delivering an API (active pharmaceutical ingredient). Manufacturing of the dosage form is done without extrusion.
"Processes for manufacturing the edible soft chews do not require the use of heat or the addition of water during mixing of active and inactive ingredients, provide stable concentrations of the active ingredient, and produce chews of consistent weight and texture", Bayer wrote in a US patent filing.
Manufacturing the dosage form without using extrusion allows Bayer to avoid heat generated when using this process. Heat can cause deterioration of the drug's stability and lead to API degradation.
As such Bayer wrote: "Preferably, the method would be performed without application of any heat above room temperature to the mixture or formed product. It is also desirable that the chews be susceptible to manufacture without use of costly, pharmaceutical grade water as an ingredient."
The Bayer process cuts out the use of water by adding the ingredients to a mixing vessel capable of blending the material and casting it against the side of the container. Taking this approach cuts the risk of microbial growth – and costs – from the use of pharmaceutical grade water in production.
An oil suspension and liquid ingredients, such as softening agents, are added to the dry materials. After blending the mixture is passed, without compression, into a moulding machine. Bayer thinks the machine could output more than 50,000 units per hour.
Pressing the dosage into this chewable form could increase compliance among people and animals. For humans Bayer envisages using sweet flavourings, such as sugars or molasses, to make it more pleasant to take the medicine.


text:
The blog Neuroskeptic discusses new research suggesting that how we perceive the emotional lives of others significantly affects how depressed or anxious we feel. From the post:
In the first experiment, the authors quizzed people how many days per month they felt "depressed, sad, blue, tearful" or had "excessive anxiety about a number of events or activities." They then asked them a series of questions designed to work out how they thought other people would answer than question. So they could work out where each individual thought they ranked within the general population, in terms of depression or anxiety symptoms.
Take a look. The top panel shows someone who felt depressed on 5 days a month, but believed this put him in the most depressed 70% of people. The second person felt depressed twice as often, but she thought she was below average.
They found that perceived rank was strongly correlated with whether people thought they "had depression" or "had anxiety" - much more strongly than actual frequency of symptoms. "Having depression" meant "being more depressed than other people".
Read the entire post at Neuroskeptic.


text:
- Complete programmable laser diode driver
- 450mA maximum total output
- 10-bit x 10-bit multiplying DAC output provides 10-bit full scale adjustment and 10-bit resolution at any full scale output
- 60 psec timer resolution
- Two laser outputs allows read/write DVD and CD combinations
- Programmable waveform values support CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-RAM, DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD+R, DVD+RW, and Blue
- Two analog inputs support slope and read APC
- HFM oscillator programmable to 100mAP-P from 100MHz to 500MHz
- PLL allows reduced-frequency clock on flex cable
- Separate serial input works up to 100MHz
- Programmable HFM offset when HFM is off
The EL6934 is a highly integrated laser diode driver designed to support multi-standard writable optical drives. It accomplishes this by incorporating a waveform generator wherein the diode currents and timing details can be programmed before operation. The data input circuitry inspects the NRZ serial data waveform and generates programmed waveforms in recognition of 3, 4, 5, or 6 or more clock periods of space changing to 3, 4, 5, or 6 or more clock periods of mark, and vice versa.
The architecture allows reprogramming of the timers to support different media, Blue, DVD, or CD standards, and different speeds. The programming is accomplished through a serial interface port. Two outputs are provided to support dual-laser multi-standard optical heads. The clock and NRZ inputs can be either standard CMOS or LVDS, selectable through a program bit.
The EL6934 requires 2.5V and 5V supplies, with all the logical interface operating on the 2.5V supply.
- Combination DVD writable and CD writable drives
- DVD camcorders
- DVD video recorders


text:
Ethnic Networks and Educational Achievement over the Life Course
The role of ethnic networks for the structural integration of immigrants' children is of crucial importance for integration strategies and policies. The issue is, however, under heavy scientific dispute. While some scholars reason that reliance on ethnic ties constrains the advancement of young immigrants, others argue that ties to co-ethnics can compensate for structural disadvantage. Empirically, there is evidence for both kinds of arguments, referring not only to rather diverse immigrant groups in diverse receiving countries but also to very different steps within educational careers; whether ethnic networks have positive or negative effects seems to depend, amongst others, heavily on the life-course. This project aims to integrate these seemingly conflicting views by a more comprehensive model of intergenerational integration across the life-span. Our theoretical starting points are social capital theory, on the one hand, and the model of frame-selection (MFS), on the other hand, that overcomes limits of standard Rational-Choice-Theories by emphasizing the role of cultural norms and values. Our aim is to explain why the precise role of ethnic networks depends crucially on specific characteristics of immigrant groups, on a specific stage of educational careers, and on specific indicators of educational success. To test respective hypotheses we will rely on data from the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) that provide a unique chance to test particular hypotheses, as it contains rich information on ethnic networks and social capital of children and their parents at several educational stages.
A review on the state of research has been published as a MZES working paper. The role of ethnic networks for differences in competencies in 9th-graders of various immigrant groups has been analysed. Another study investigating decisions of immigrant parents whether to use childcare facilities has been conducted. An exhibit which pictures the role of social capital for the labour market integration was presented within an exhibition organized for the German Year of Sciences. Results have also been presented at international conferences. One article is under review for publication in an international journal, two further ones are prepared.


text:
Skip to Main Content
The core problem in risk analysis - determining exploitable paths between attackers and system assets - is essentially a problem of determining information flow. It is relatively straightforward to interpret design models for service-based distributed systems in information-flow terms, but the analysis results must be integrated into the system engineering process, and any resulting security controls must be meaningful to system practitioners as well as security analysts. The work reported addresses these practical problems; it shows that information flow analysis can be integrated into the requirements traceability process, ensuring that security controls are specific about the properties they require. Communication between information-analyst and system practitioner is also addressed by tuning the analysis to reflect the exploitability of threat paths, and by defining security controls as patterns of information-flow constraints, rather than single predicates.


text: the eye through a fundus camera. For ONHBF the beam was directed at regions of the optic disk with no apparent individual vessels. For ChBF in the foveal region subjects were asked to look directly at the beam. Light scattered by red blood cells in the tissue volume illuminated by the incident laser beam was detected at the fundus image plane of the camera by an optical fiber. Two analysis schemes of the Doppler signal were developed: one uses commercial skin blood flowmeters, the other a NeXT station (Motorola 68040 based) computer system. Responses of ONHBF and ChBF to various physiological and pharmacological stimuli were obtained and shown to be in agreement with previously published findings. LDF is a valid technique for obtaining non- invasive, continuous and sensitive recordings of ONHBF and foveal ChBF, the latter without the need to dilate the pupil.


text:
Introducing the ART of TOUCH:
The Open Museum's Touch Tables
An exciting, innovative new art resource for people in the later stages of dementia or with more severe learning disabilities, has recently been developed by Leicestershire's Open Museum.
Consultation the Open Museum has undertaken revealed that carers can sometimes be nervous about using real art and museum objects in case they get damaged or are thrown. This has meant that people who could particularly benefit from handling and touching objects, can sometimes be excluded from art and reminiscence sessions. Leicestershire's Open Museum Service was keen to find a solution to this. Working in consultation with carers, art therapists in Leicestershire care homes, and a Senior Lecturer on dementia from De Montfort University, two new interactive Touch Tables have been created.
Select any image on this page to view a larger photo
These Touch Tables contain interactive art in the form of "Touch Tiles". A total of 22 interactive "Touch Tiles" have been created by especially commissioned artists. Four tiles are inserted into the table at a time, and 11 pieces are supplied with each table, allowing them to be swapped round while in use.
The touch senses remain the strongest stimulus after hearing and sight has deteriorated, and people with dementia are drawn to things they can find tangible through touch – in many cases finding comfort in the sensations felt through the finger tips. Each Touch Table has been designed with this in mind, and is the result of extensive testing with, and feedback from, target users.
The tables make art accessible, encouraging interaction and response to visual and touch stimulus. The impact that each "Touch Tile" has varies but generally their effect is calming soothing, entertaining, and in some cases, responses can be amusing and humorous!
The tables are height adjustable to allow wheel chairs to be wheeled under, and they can be tilted like an easel so users can come into close contact with the artworks. Users who have a tendency to wander will be able to come back to them time and time again as the interactive pieces are changed round.
We hope the Touch Tables will provide an all round enjoyable experience for everyone!
Contact the Open Museum for further information about the Touch Table and how you can use it.
Page Last Updated: 30 June 2011


text:
Can rabbits eat meat? It is the question most pet parents ask who are worried about the nutrition and health of their rabbits. According to vets and experts, the answer is clear: rabbits cannot eat meat. Rabbits need fiber and protein; for fiber, plants and fruits are adequate, and the protein shouldn't come from the meat.
Read along, and you will know the answer to the questions circling can rabbits eat meat? We will bust all the myths and mysteries through scientific discoveries to let you know the truth behind meat-eating behavior.
Scenarios That Make The Rabbit Eat Their Babies
Rabbits are not cannibals, and they do not hunt their species to eat and survive. There are some situations where you might see the mother rabbit eat her young ones.
You can avoid these scenarios and change the outcomes if you have prior information about this behavior.
1. Eating The First Litter Because Of Lack Of Knowledge
It might be astonishing to you, but many times a new mother will eat her newborn babies while thinking of them as the part of afterbirth.
In the wild, rabbits eat the part of afterbirth to remove the signs of the birth of babies for their protection. A new mother will do it for the first time, but it is highly unlikely for her to repeat this behavior the second time.
2. Eating Stillborn Babies To Rectify The Mistake
Mother rabbit will eat her dead offspring to correct her mistake. Most of the time, when there is a stillborn baby, the mother will think her responsible for this dead baby.
She will eat the baby and remove the evidence of this mistake. It is common in the wild, and if your female rabbit doesn't eat the dead baby, this is not an issue either.
3. Eating Babies To Correct Nutrition Deficiencies
Sometimes if the female rabbit is not given nutritious food and a healthy diet, she will get weak in the gestation period.
When babies are born, and the mother doesn't have any other source to get the nutrition, she will eat her babies. This behavior is common in rabbits treated well and offered a healthy and nutritious diet.
4. Frightened Mother Also Eats Her Babies
Another time when a rabbit eats her babies is when she is terrified because of some stimulus or factor in the environment. When she is certain that she cannot protect her young ones, she will eat them independently.
When your rabbit has given birth to new babies, try to avoid making loud noises and significant environmental changes.
Did You Know?
We have written many articles about what rabbits can eat. But did you know about this one? Can Rabbits Eat Guinea Pig Food?
Do Rabbits Eat Meat?
Rabbits and hares are two different species, and both show different behavior in the wild and captivity. Snowshoe rabbits are herbivores just like rabbits, but when grass and plants are covered in thick snow, they go wild. In extreme winter, these creatures eat meat to survive the extreme temperature.
According to Northwestern Naturalist hares can resort to cannibalism as well, along with eating meat for other animals. On the other hand, Rabbits avoid such climates and do not resort to such extreme measures no matter the consequences.
What Happens When Rabbits Eat Meat?
If your rabbit has eaten meat, there could be the following outcomes of this event:
- Withdrawl from food
Is Meat Safe For Rabbits?
Rabbits cannot eat meat, and you should avoid giving them raw or cooked meat. Their digestive system is not meant to eat and digest meat. When you offer meat to your beloved bunnies, they will get sick and could lose their life in case of prolonged digestive issues.
Raw meat has germs and bacteria that will infest their GI tract, and by the time you know about these foreign invaders, things could get out of hand.
Cooked meat is not safe from hazards at all for your bunnies. Next time your bunny begs for meat from your plate, don't register those big innocent eyes, or you will fall for the trap.
Can Rabbits Eat Meat?
No, rabbits cannot eat meat in any other form, and you shouldn't give them meat either. They will suffer from chronic digestive issues and other health problems if you keep feeding them meat. If a female rabbit has eaten her babies once, next time, be careful and forbid her from doing so.
Do not offer meat to your rabbit from your dinner plate, no matter how much they beg you to do so. If your rabbit has developed a liking for meat, offer them different vegetables and fruits to change their liking and make them enjoy their fruits and greens.


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The objective of this study was to evaluate the mutagenic potentialities of two samples of water from different sources namely: raw sewage, treated sewage. Genotoxicity test was conducted using two varieties of Vicia faba var; Giza 3 and var. Giza Blanca). Several endpoints were used to estimate the mutagenic activity in Vicia cells such as: 1-mitotic activity 2-nuclear abnormalities and 3-chromosomal aberrations. Chemical analysis revealed the inefficient treatment of sewage where, many elements increased after secondary treatment, and even those elements which decreased did not reach the safe limits for use. Genotoxicity test exhibited change in mitotic activity with all water samples, either by decrease in the mitotic index in Vicia var. G. 3 or increase in case of Vicia var. G. Blanca. Many types of chromosomal aberrations and nuclear irregularities were also produced after all treatments. The most frequent aberration was chromosome stickiness among different types of abnormalities such as: micronucleus, banded chromosomes, bridges, laggard chromosomes and ring chromosome. The higher percentage of chromosomal aberrations is exhibited by raw sewage. The current data demonstrated the occurrence of mutagenic compounds in sewage water after secondary treatment and this requires further treatment to remove them. Moreover, their application to irrigate agricultural land must be stopped because of the mutagenic effects of plants irrigated by such waters.
Sewage water, genotoxicity, Vicia test.


» vux-doc-perf1
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vux-doc-perf1
Basic patch optimization using Expr
Expr (Value) is a node which allows you to evaluate a mathematical expression, represented as a string.
Fist dummy test
Let's do a test on a simple operation: x*2
As x*2 = x+x, i'm gonna try both ways using + (Value), * (Value), and expr with both operations.
On all patches I just run an = (Value) followed by AND (Boolean Spectral) to verify i have the same results for each operations.
I also put an lfo on the Phase pin of the spread, to make sure data changes all the time.
Here is the result in debug mode (Spread Count 50000):
As we can see doing x+x or x*2 is fairly similar.
Expr performs a bit better on the A*2 part, but no big deal really.
In this simple operation case we can the see using the standard node outperforms Expr.
Let's add another operation
Now let's add something to our equation, and let's change it to x*2+1.
From now we need two nodes to perform this. We can still write the formula as a string.
I'm also gonna add up two other ways for Expr, having the 1 as a variable (so formula becomes x*2+y)
There goes the debug mode result.
As we can see, both + * technique stay roughly the same, so let's get interested by the expr part.
x*2+1 patched takes: 38.8+29.1 = 67.9
expr, with the 1 within the formula becomes 49.6
expr, with the 1 as parameter, becomes 71.2
So if our y will never change, we can see that using Expr outperforms patching.
Now if our y will change, using the nodes is still faster, but the gap in performance is closing very quickly.
So let's do a bit more complicated formula :)
Some trigonometry
Well ok, it's not that bas, we just gonna use (x*2+1)*sin(z)
For the first try, we gonna use a spread count of 50000 for z, and 3000 for z.
Results as follow:
Now let's increase z spreadcount to 50000 as well:
What can we learn from that?
on a low spread count, our patch implementation does:
36.9+24.8+13.4+40.6=115.7
This is a bit faster than the Expr variable method, and a bit more than the Expr fixed method.
In this case please note that the sine function is evaluated only 3000 times then multiplied, whereas Expr evaluates it 50000 times at it fits in the expression.
On a high spread count for sine, the sine function on it's own takes 222.6, which is much more than the expr for the whole expression, so using expr makes your formula execute mush faster.
As an extra test on the 3000 spread count:
Function (Complex): 13.4
Expr (Value), using sin(A) : 5.1
Conclusion
 - When a value doesn't change , it fits well in the Expr node as hardcoded in the formula.
 - Trigonometric function is slow in comparison to Expr (would like to know why, possibly because of using complex numbers).
 - If every variable has different spreadcount, some techniques are more interesting than others. Like if a variable has an expensive operation but a low spreadcount, it's much better to evaluate it separately and integrate the result in the equation.
by vux
anonymous user login
Shoutbox
~12d ago
fleg: This Tuesday, Cologne: exhibition opening of "interwoven", textile disinformation patterns created with vvvv. _URL_
~26d ago
manuelgonzalvez: Assimp nodes all broken afted Win Update w/exception "COM object that has been separated from its underlying RCW(...)"
~26d ago
manuelgonzalvez: @levi thanks would love to! anyway managed to get something similar working based on forum search and anthokio's patches.
~26d ago
levi: @ravasquez thanks. 31.2 x86 verrion worked. @manuelgonzalvez i have a dx11 projectTexture if u a want.
~28d ago
manuelgonzalvez: Anyone has a dx11 port of "projectedTexture" dx9 fx for projection mapping?
~28d ago
manuelgonzalvez: Anyone has a dx11 port of "projectedTexture" dx9 fx for projection mapping?
~28d ago
ravazquez: @levi not sure bout the ImagePack, but I believe VL.OpenCV should give you the same tools and should work with beta just fine
~28d ago
levi: anyone knows of a VVVVpacks.image that works for elliot's projector calibration patches?x64,dx11. always crashes v4 on solve.
~1mth ago
Lorenz: VJing with GIFS: _URL_ A fun little side project, that I first prototyped in v4 and now turned web-based ;)
~2mth ago
schlonzo: finally fixed in 4.8 nice1


text:
Purpose: The goal of this study was to identify the abducens nerve in its cisternal segment by using three-dimensional turbo spin echo T2-weighted image (3DT2-TSE). The abducens nerve may arise from the medullopontine sulcus by one singular or two separated rootlets.
Material and methods: We studied 285 patients (150 males, 135 females, age range: 9-72 years, mean age: 33.3 +/- 14.4) referred to MR imaging of the inner ear, internal auditory canal and brainstem. All 3D T2-TSE studies were performed with a 1.5 T MR system. Imaging parameters used for 3DT2-TSE sequence were TR:4000, TE:150, and 0.70 mm slice thickness. A field of view of 160 mm and 256 x 256 matrix were used. The double rootlets of the abducens nerve and contralateral abducens nerves and their relationships with anatomical structures were searched in the subarachnoid space.
Results: We identified 540 of 570 abducens nerves (94.7%) in its complete cisternal course with certainty. Seventy-two cases (25.2%) in the present study had double rootlets of the abducens nerve. In 59 of these cases (34 on the right side and 25 on the left) presented with unilateral double rootlets of the abducens. Thirteen cases presented with bilateral double rootlets of the abducens (4.5%).
Conclusion: An abducens nerve arising by two separate rootlets is not a rare variation. The detection of this anatomical variation by preoperative MR imaging is important to avoid partial damage of the nerve during surgical procedures. The 3DT2-TSE as a noninvasive technique makes it possible to obtain extremely high-quality images of microstructures as cranial nerves and surrounding vessels in the cerebellopontine cistern. Therefore, preoperative MR imaging should be performed to detect anatomical variations of abducens nerve and to reduce the chance of operative injuries.


text:
Handbag technology and method
Handbag technology and method
Section 1: Analysis of the overall structure of handbags
In terms of market conditions, the handbags we see are complex and varied, and formally. If you analyze them comprehensively, it is not difficult to find that most handbags have such a structural commonality: there are front, back, and Tai Wai; left, right, and Tai Wai; front, back, and bottom materials. It consists of three basic components. For some handbags, the front panel is composed of a few pieces of different poses and flowery materials. The front panel is also equipped with a flat or three-dimensional front outer bag; the rear panel is also installed; the big Wai is divided into a bottom and a zipper. Two symmetrical side bags are installed on both sides of Da Wai. According to the consumer's use, the top three basic components are increased or decreased, so that the overall shape of the handbag changes and is complicated.
However, no matter how complicated the handbags we encounter, it is hard to stop us out of the ordinary. Complex handbags only increase our exceptional workload, but not the technical difficulty of our exceptional. Changes in the shape of handbags, it is difficult to overcome the commonality in the structure of handbags, as long as we can clearly see the structure of handbags, it provides us with the conditions for exceptional.
The structural commonality of handbags is abstracted by inductive summarization after viewing many handbags with naked eyes. If you are a wise man, you will also find that the structure of the handbag also has rules that are invisible to the naked eye. The perimeter of the width is equal to the total length of the corresponding circumference; the perimeter of the bottom material is the same as the connecting element. Are equal in length.
If any set of paper grids violates the above rules, it cannot be used as a bag. As for the structure of the handbags, we will choose a large number of handbags according to the type of handbags, which will be discussed in the internship class.
Section II. Shape analysis of handbag components
The shape of the handbag component (hereinafter referred to as the component of the handle component) is rectangular, square, triangular, trapezoidal, prismatic, circular, elliptic, or regular polygonal. These are what we call regular shapes; there are also convex and concave shapes. A mixture of several shapes, and other shapes that are difficult to name, are called irregular shapes. In order to determine the shape of regular components, or to connect with mathematical knowledge. Rectangular, you only need to measure the length and width to get its shape; the square is shaped by the length of the side; the trapezoid is shaped by the upper, lower bottom and height; the prism is shaped by two diagonal lines; the perfect circle is shaped by diameter or radius; the ellipse is Large and small diameter setting. For those irregular figures, the fourth section of Chapter 4 has already been described. The coordinates can be legally shaped. Although the shape of the handbag component is diverse, it has the following characteristics:
1. All are flat graphics.
2. Mostly axisymmetric figures.
What is an axisymmetric figure?
Fold a figure along a straight line, if it can coincide with the other half of the figure, then this figure is called an axisymmetric figure, and this line is called the axis of symmetry. Because the shapes of handbag components are mostly axisymmetric figures, when we draw out the paper grid, we only need to half out the shape of the component, and the other half can be drawn out by folding in half along the axis of symmetry. This saves us a lot of work and time for the paper grid.
Section three, out of order
The order of the handbags is: first out of the main case (also called the positive case), then out of the second case (out of the secondary case). What is a nobility? The paper grid that can determine the shape or size of other paper grids is called the main grid. What is sub-frame? The paper shape whose size or shape depends on other paper shapes.
The combination of several sub-cells, either shape or length, has a certain relationship with the shape or size of the main cell. In general handbags, the width is the main grid and the circumference is the secondary grid; the back width is the main grid of the front pocket; the front pocket is the main grid of the front pocket; the side pocket is the main grid of the side pocket. Therefore, the general order of handbags is arranged as follows: back width, front width, large bottom zipper circumference, front pocket width, front pocket circumference, side pocket width and side pocket circumference. The order in which handbags are out of order is precisely determined by the rules of the handbag structure mentioned in the first section of this chapter.
Section 4: Outliers
The outsourcing method is the comprehensive use of all the above knowledge (in this example, first out of the main case and then the width).
1. The first piece of paper (the piece of paper is marked with a knife) and the next piece of paper that is larger than the length and width of the latter.
2. In the center of the paper, a straight line is used as a number axis (can not be interrupted, you can fold it in half), fold it in half, and then just above the number axis, make a roar with an iron foot of the garden gauge, and then introduce a straight line (not possible (Interruption) as the second number axis, so that two number axes perpendicular to each other appear on the paper.
3. Fold in half along the second number axis and roar on the first axis. If the roar position is also on the axis of the other half of the folding surface, the coordinate system is qualified. This piece of paper can be used to inherit the grid, such as the divergence of the coordinate system., This piece of paper can be removed (vertical inspection of coordinate system).
4. Measure the surface length and width of the back panel of the handbag, and take half of it and add the length of the paper mouth as coordinates. The surface of the web is long as measured.
5. In the coordinate system, find the point with (129/16, 107/16) as the coordinate, and roar through the half-coordinate axis to find the point (-129/16, 107/16) (-129/16, -107/16) (129/16, -107/16) There are three points. After removing the excess paper along these points, a rectangular shape with a back width of (129/16)× (107/16×2) or 251/8×211/8 is obtained. This specification of SG is compared with its surface specification of 24T/2×201/4, and the length and width are each 5/8 more, that is, the length of the two paper ports. If the four corners of the back panel are curved, you can use a compass to find out its arc. Any other shape can be solved by the coordinate method.
Sixth, according to the shape of the back panel, according to the triangle gap and roaring position of the handbag, write all the text marks on the back panel, and the end of the back panel will be announced.
Seven, use the main form and then come out of the front of the second form and Tai Wai.
Many front panels are a combination of several pieces of material, and the shape and size of the rear panel are the same. Therefore, the rear width can be used to mold the shape of the front width combined material, but its structural law is: the rear width perimeter = the total circumference of the large circle. Once the rear width is determined, the total width of the large circle should be measured using the rear width. The width of the Dawei can only be determined by measuring the handbag. The total length of the Dawei = bottom circumference + zipper circumference; bottom width = zipper circumference × 2. In this way, the paper grid is measured with the paper grid according to the order of the grids, and the shape of each paper grid is drawn out, and the various marks of the paper grid are marked until the paper grid is finished.
The handbag is three-dimensional, and the components can't be taken down to touch the paper grid. The good paper grid can be picked up and compared with the original one, but it is in the paper outlet than the surface of the corresponding handbag component. In order to compare the two with each other, we can first compare the size of the surface component of the handbag, and compare the edge with the surface component of the handbag, until the shape and size are the same as the surface shape of the component, then use a paper mouth length as the unit. The compass to enlarge the paper grid, this method of making the grid, is more practical and easily accepted.


The International Horn Society (IHS) was formed in June 1970 at the Second International Horn Workshop in Tallahassee, Florida, USA. We are an organization dedicated to performance, teaching, composition, research, and the preservation and promotion of the horn as a musical instrument.
Artists and hosts at the First International Horn Workshop in 1969. From left to right: Joseph White, Wendell Hoss,
Arthur Berv, James Chambers, Anton Horner, Carl Geyer, Max Pottag, Barry Tuckwell, Philip Farkas and William Robinson.
The First Annual French Horn Workshop was held at Florida State University in 1969. At the opening General Session prominent horn personalities present included Arthur Berv, James Chambers, Philip Farkas, Carl Geyer, Anton Horner, Wendell Hoss, Max Pottag, and Barry Tuckwell (John Barrows arrived later in the week.).
Some of the founding members in 1970
It was during the second symposium that the idea was suggested for an international organization of horn players. An organizing committee later declared the IHS "founded" and elected the first officers of the IHS: Barry Tuckwell, President; Wendell Hoss, Vice-President; Norman Schweikert, Secretary-Treasurer. Harold Meek was later appointed as the first editor of The Horn Call.
The IHS has over 3500 members from 55 countries around the globe, including internationally renowned touring artists, symphony musicians, university teachers, students, horn designers/builders, composers, music libraries, music publishers, and amateur players of all ages and walks of life. The society has something to offer every horn player and enthusiast.
Our aims and goals
The purpose of this society shall be to promote musical education with particular reference to the horn. In pursuit of its aims and purposes, the Society and its members:
 1. Hold and encourage workshops, lectures, and seminars open to the public.
 2. Publish a Journal consisting of materials appropriate to the horn, as well as periodic newsletters and membership lists.
 3. Encourage the awarding of grants and scholarships to competition winners.
 4. Encourage composers and arrangers to write music featuring the horn.
 5. Foster competitions for and the commissioning of new repertoire featuring the Horn.
 6. Establish and foster an Archives/Research Facility pertaining to the IHS.
 7. Establish close working relationships with music teachers.
 8. Present honors and recognition for distinctive service relating to the horn.


text:
Error 1052 Column in where clause is ambiguous
When working with programs that pull data from databases, you may occasionally run across different types of errors. Many of them are fixable, specifically if you are coding your own SQL queries. This article describes the '1052 Column in where clause is ambiguous' error and how to correct it.
Correcting the '1052 Column in where clause is ambiguous' error
This type of error occurs when a SQL query is working with more than one table. Our example below is using two tables within an ecommerce program and generates the following error:
Error No: 1052
SELECT COUNT(*) AS total FROM oc_customer c LEFT JOIN oc_address a ON (c.customer_id = a.customer_id) WHERE CONCAT(firstname,'', lastname) LIKE '%john%'
What causes the error
The query gives each table an alias, the oc_customer table gets an alias of c and the oc_address table gets an alias of a. This is used to define which table the column is supposed to come from, such as the section of the query c.customer_id = a.customer_id. This is the same as saying oc_customer.customer_id = oc_address.customer_id. There is another section that has column names but the script fails to identify which table to look into, CONCAT(firstname,'', lastname). Since both the oc_customer and oc_address tables have columns named firstname and lastname, the server does not know which table to work with, and thus throws the error.
Fixing the error
To fix this, simply add the tablename or alias for the table you want to work with. If you are writing the query yourself, this is a bit easier to deal with as you will know which table you meant to use. In our example, we should add the alias for the oc_customer table, c, to the column names. Our code snippet would look like this: CONCAT(c.firstname,'', c.lastname) making the whole query appear as below.
If you are working with a developer or a professional level program (open source or purchased) you will need to let them know of the error. They will be able to fix the issue in their next release.
The query will now run correctly as it knows which table to work with on all columns.


text:
Skip to content
This report documents the methodology, findings and conclusions of the Starting to smoke research project. The aim of the project was to explore the reasons young Indigenous people in the Northern Territory start smoking as well as the protective factors which prevent smoking. Young people aged 13-20 years of age were recruited from urban and remote communities to participate in one-on-one and group interviews.
A particular focus of the project was on the social and cultural processes that influence smoking uptake in this group. Based on the project's findings, the report makes recommendations regarding future smoking prevention initiatives. The project was carried out in the Northern Territory across two sites: one in Darwin and one in a remote community in Arnhem Land.
Abstract adapted from Lowitja Institute


text:
336 Ganga Coins can be used Privilege Members can use upto 588 coins
About this Product
Delivers RECALDENT™ (CPP-ACP) to restore mineral balance in the oral environment
Provides extra protection to teeth
Helps neutralize acid challenges from acidogenic bacteria in plaque and other internal/ external acid sources
Available in five tasty flavors: melon, mint, strawberry, tutti-frutti
40g tube gives you 10-15 smooth applications easily
GC TOOTH MOUSSE
GC Tooth Mousse is a topical tooth crème that helps remineralise teeth. It contains RECALDENT™ (CPP-ACP -Casein- Phosphopeptide-Amorphous-Calcium-Phosphate), a special milk-derived protein that helps to replace lost minerals in the teeth and protecting them from decay and erosion. This technology has a unique ability to deliver bio-available calcium and phosphate when the patient's saliva is acidically-challenged by the normal digestive process.
When CPP-ACP is applied in the oral environment, it will bind to biofilms, plaque, bacteria, hydroxyapatite and soft tissue localising bio-available calcium and phosphate.
When Gc Tooth Mousse is applied to tooth surfaces, the CPP-ACP molecule binds to biofilm, plaque, bacteria, hydroxyapatite and surrounding soft tissue.


text:
Cotton harvesting/picking may be accomplish manually or mechanically using cotton picker. A manually operated cotton picker was developed and on-farm performance evaluation was carried out. The cotton picker was compared with the existing manually operated cotton picker, and the traditional method of harvesting cotton on the bases of time input, labour requirement, ground and plant harvest losses. Results indicate that labour requirement for the developed cotton picker; the existing cotton picker and manual cotton picker were 166.17, 173.8 and 93.3 man-hour-ha-1 respectively. With their respective ground harvest losses of 15, 12 and 5% at the branch moisture content of 39.5% wet base and cotton moisture content of 2.8% wet bases. The study also indicates that time input, labour requirement, ground plant harvest losses were statistically significant at 5% level.
Key words: Cotton picker, picking, efficiency, picking losses, manual.
Copyright © 2022 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0


text:
To foster student success, DCC administers the COMPASS placement test to new students. This ensures that students are placed in classes consistent with their current level of academic ability. While other tests may be required based on a student's individual needs, the COMPASS test is the primary tool.
A computerized test of basic skills developed by the American College of Testing. Click COMPASS to download sample problems.
A written, timed test of basic skills developed by the American College of Testing. Click ASSET to download sample problems.
To determine which level course is right for you, you need to take a Spanish Placement Test. This test will evaluate your current skills. Your score will determine which level of Spanish you should start with. Because the Spanish Placement Test is a computerized test, it will be un-timed. Click on Spanish Online Placement Test S-CAPE to download sample questions.
The Michigan Test of English as a Second Language (ESL)
This test is an objective test of 100 questions. The first 20 questions test listening skills with questions asked on a cassette tape. The following 80 questions concern grammar, vocabulary, and reading comprehension skills. Students have 75 minutes to complete this test, and it is scored immediately. This test is used to determine whether a student is ready to enroll in an English course at Dutchess Community College, and if so, which course is appropriate.
Science Placement Test
A test for students who wish to place into BIO131.
Click Science Screening Test Guide for more information on the test.
Click Science Placement for sample questions.
English Course Placement Appeal
The English Course Placement appeal is available to students who place in a certain range on the Writing portion of COMPASS or ASSET. Students are given the opportunity to come in during some "walk-in" testing times to write an essay which is then evaluated by a professor from the English department to determine final course placement. Those students qualifying for the English Course Placement appeal will be notified with their test scores.


text: Low Density Parity- Check (LDPC) codes are a class of linear block codes which provide good error detection and error correction capabilities and are capable of achieving near Shannon- limit channel communication. Hence, they are included as error correction codes in many modern communication system standards like Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB-S2), Gigabit Ethernet (10GBASE-T) and WiMax. In this book, we bring together several of approaches for construction of LDPC codes and we examine them from structural point of view. We have designed a simulation tool for the performance evaluation of LDPC codes in terms their Bit Error Rate and Block Error Rate. The influence of the type of LDPC codes on the decoding performance is also investigated using simulations. This allows us to differentiate and select an appropriate LDPC code according to performance, latency, decoding complexity, and memory requirements. Thus this tool can aid a designer to test his LDPC code under different parameters and also choose a particular LDPC matrix with desired error correction requirements.