text:
PATINA / Handcrafting process
Many of our models -feminine or masculine - are individually hand painted. It means that the shoes are assembled and made of traditionally tanned leather, but the leather color is the natural color without being dyed. One of the processes before finishing is handmade painting using the PATINA technique: the paint is applied to the leather by hand gradually. Each and every shade of color is the work of a single result. The purpose is always to keep a pattern for the collection to be uniform, but each shoe is unique and singular.
The new Oxford Single Piece PATINA models stand out for the fact that the artisan paints - through a matrix - the classic Cap -Toe and Wing-Tip design. In order to achieve an avant-garde global look the Centenary shoes also includes the models' leather soles as an integral part of the final result. These are varnished and by a specific technique - "burning effect" - the margins are burned, thus creating a complete work.
* The Cap-Toe model represents a toe cap delimited with a horizontal line with no further detail. The Wing-Tip model represents a toe that draws through a brogueing line (shoe-specific holes) or a simple sewing line an open wings (a letter W).


Tuesday, July 17, 2012
Roland H. said...
One can argue that it is Katherine of Aragon, as 'K' (as in the gold letters of her necklace) was the standard medieval/Tudor English spelling for 'Katherine' (as opposed to 'Catherine').
Also, if the 'K' stood for the Emperor Charles, shouldn't it be 'C' for the Latin 'Carolus', not 'K'?
Any Latin experts here? Was 'K' also used for 'Charles' (as in 'Karolus')?
PhD Historian said...
Thank you, Marilyn, for alerting us to this important re-identification. Fascinating.
Roland, spelling was often phonetically-based in the sixteenth century, though Latin spelling was more standardized than was English. Yet one often sees in the Germanic countries the use of K, which is always pronounced the same (/k/ in phonetics symbols), in place of the English or Latin C, which has more than one pronunciation... /k/ and /s/. Think Kaiser vs Caesar. And Charles was Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire... a largely Germanic region. The German for Charles is Karolus. Charlemagne was known in the Empire by the Germanized Latin 'Karolus Magnus'. So the argument that the Ks in the necklace refer to Charles/Karolus V is entirely plausible.
PhD Historian said...
Marilyn, I finally got my hands on Dr Matthews's actual article about the portrait. He makes an interesting argument, but there is still one small issue that he over-interprets plus one very big issue that he totally fails to address: the scallop shells on the dress and the presence of the halo behind and above the sitter's head.
Matthews argue that the scallop shells bordering the bodice of the gown are a reference to the Spanish patron saint of St James of Compestela, because pilgrims to his shrine often carry such shells. However, scallop shells also have a more general, less regionally-specific symbolism as emblems of the Roman Catholic faith. For example, the dish used to pour water on the forehead of an infant being baptized into the Catholic Church is often a silver or silver-gilt scallop shell. Matthews may be over-reaching in assuming that the scallop shells are necessarily a reference to Spain and St James rather than a general marker of faith, especially since the latter ties so nicely with the halo.
As for the halo itself, he mentions it only in description, but says nothing about whether it is an original part of the portrait or a later addition. Neither does he make any effort to explain why a living (and young) person would be depicted with a halo in a formal court portrait. Yet the presence of the halo utterly defies sixteenth-century artistic norms. They were used only in depictions of saints (who by definition were deceased), never living persons. Yes, there are a number of portraits said to be "So-and-so in the guise of Saint Somebody", but as Matthews notes in his own footnote #40, most of those have been re-identified as fictional depictions of the saint and otherwise unconnected to the "So-and-so" that the pictures were once thought to depict. It is quite possible that the halo was added much later (after 1536), but only if the person depicted is Katherine of Aragon, a woman noted for her religious piety. Mary Tudor had no such reputation as a pious woman, so a halo on her portrait would have been totally inconsistent with her reputation, and literally bizarre (even potentially heretical) in the context of a living person of such a young age. That Matthews totally fails to address this issue is very odd indeed.
I am inclined to think either that the portrait is actually Katherine of Aragon and the halo was added after her death in 1536, or that the portrait depicts some as-yet-unidentified saint that is neither Katherine nor Mary. I think the latter is more likely.
Marilyn R said...
PhD, what surprises me is that it was not until the early twentieth century that this was said to be Katherine of Aragon, and the artist was not identified as being Sittow until the 1930's. I had always assumed it had come down the centuries as a definite portrait of her, by him. In my mind, if the Juan de Flandes is Katherine, then the Sittow can't be. The mouth on the Flandes portrait is very like portraits of the queen in later life, so I am inclined to agree with you that the Sittow in question is neither Katherine of Aragon nor Mary Tudor, and represents someone else altogether - the same model he used for the Magdalene and the Madonna and Child, perhaps?
PhD Historian said...
Marilyn R, I do not know how extensively the Vienna portrait has been studied using scientific methodologies, so I do not know how well-supported the Sittow attribution actually is, beyond issues of the artist's "technique". But one need only look at the current Making Art in Tudor Britain project being conducted by the National Portrait Gallery to see how things like chemical analysis of pigments and infrared reflectography are impacting the ways in which art historians attribute unsigned paintings to specific artists. It is a harsh reality that many of the "definite" sitter identifications and artist attributions of sixteenth-century portraits that have either come down over the centuries or were established in the eighteenth, nineteenth, or early-twentieth centuries have proven incorrect. "Holbeins" by the dozens have proven to be by other artists, for example, while most of Lucas De Heere's presumed works have been shown not, in fact, to be by him (see my own work on the supposed De Heere painting called Lady Jane Grey). Such identifications and attributions have a way of being modified over time. In fact, Matthews's article does some serious "reaching" and speculation even to support the notion that Sittow could have painted either Katherine or Mary, since Sittow was never resident in England (Matthews speculates, without any direct evidence to support his hypothesis, that Sittow visited London briefly in June 1514 in the company of a Habsburg diplomat, Gerard de Pleine). So, absent some evidence more solid than the subjective assessment of the artist's technique, there is room to challenge even the Sittow attribution, in my opinion.
Your reference to Sittow's Madonna and Child and Mary Magdalene are both very intriguing. Certainly the period in which the Vienna portrait was painted coincides with the emergence of the speculative art market... that is, the creation by artists of imaginary pictures for "retail" sale on the open market, rather than of "custom-made" or "bespoke" works done on firm pre-paid commission. And both the Madonna and Child and Mary Magdalene were extremely popular subjects in those early "on spec" works. Again, see my own study of the supposed De Heere called Jane Grey, which is in fact a pattern portrait of Mary Magdalene by a very prolific "on spec" artist known today as The Master of the Female Half Lengths (_URL_ "pattern" pictures are those created by an artist using a standard reference pattern, similar to outright copies but with variations intended to make each "copy" unique in some way).
I would caution against comparison of the appearance of individual body parts (mouth), especially when those parts are reproduced by two very different artists, to support an identification of a sitter. Yes, the mouth of the lady in the Vienna portrait is very different from that of the Flandes portrait. But Flandes and Sittow had different levels of skill, the former producing portraits of various women (both living and historical, i.e., Madonnas and Magadalenes) all with remarkably similar faces, while the latter rendered his subjects in a more individualized and lifelike manner. Additionally, the identity of the Flandes lady remains a matter of considerable debate. She is officially an Unknown Infanta, and could as easily be Katherine's sister Maria (later Queen of Portugal).
I have been trying to contact Dr Matthews in order to clarify some of these questions, especially how he might explain the anomalous halo, but have thus far been unsuccessful in locating him. I will post an addendum if I ever get in touch with him and get a reply.
shtove said...
Thanks to PhD for that reply.
I think there have always been doubts about the Vienna portrait, but I assumed that was limited to insufficient evidence to finger the artist/subject. Never occurred to me that an artist might be supplying a speculative market.
I blogged on the Catherine portraits a while back, concluded there was still a mystery. Not my area of expertise, but people are very keen on this stuff.
Art PhD said...
If you are discussing the Sittow portrait, there is no halo, she is wearing a very large Spanish hood, like a giant french hood, what you see is the edge, a halo-like effect: note the end parts of the headpiece resting at her shoulder area, with the gold trim extending out toward the body of the sitter's headgear.
Sittow does not have the genius of Holbein, but is on par with Master Johns, in england. Notice the tip of the sitter's nose...
I believe this is Katharine, and if you check out some of the portraits of Mary I, particularly a teenaged portrait by Master John (not john Master as wikipedia has it--go to the national portrait gallery


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Symbol ωp. The frequency of plasma oscillations in an equilibrium charge distribution. The Langmuir frequency is given by ωp = (4πneq2/m)½ = 5.7 × 105 ne½ (radians/sec), where ne is the density of electrons and m and q are the mass and charge, respectively, of the electron. The Langmuir frequency is named after the US chemist Irving Langmuir (1881–1957), who derived the expression in 1928 in his analysis of plasma oscillations by combining Poisson's equation with Newton's law of motion. The Langmuir frequency can also be derived using quantum mechanics for the electron gas.
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Content-type: text/html Man page of ckpath
ckpath
Section: User Commands (1)
Updated: 14 Sep 1992
Index Return to Main Contents

NAME
ckpath, errpath, helppath, valpath - display a prompt; verify and return a pathname
SYNOPSIS
ckpath [-Q] [-W width] [-a | l] [-b | c | f | y] [-n [o | z] ] [-rtwx] [-d default] [-h help] [-e error] [-p prompt] [ -k pid [-s signal]]
/usr/sadm/bin/errpath [-W width] [-a | l] [-b | c | f | y] [-n [o | z] ] [-rtwx] [-e error]
/usr/sadm/bin/helppath [-W width] [-a | l] [-b | c | f | y] [-n [o | z] ] [-rtwx] [-h help]
/usr/sadm/bin/valpath [-a | l] [-b | c | f | y] [-n [o | z] ] [-rtwx] input
DESCRIPTION
The ckpath utility prompts a user and validates the response. It defines, among other things, a prompt message whose response should be a pathname, text for help and error messages, and a default value (which is returned if the user responds with a <RETURN>).
The pathname must obey the criteria specified by the first group of options. If no criteria is defined, the pathname must be for a normal file that does not yet exist. If neither -a (absolute) or -l (relative) is given, then either is assumed to be valid.
All messages are limited in length to 79 characters and are formatted automatically. Tabs and newlines are removed after a single white space character in a message definition, but spaces are not removed. When a tilde is placed at the beginning or end of a message definition, the default text is inserted at that point, allowing both custom text and the default text to be displayed.
If the prompt, help or error message is not defined, the default message (as defined under EXAMPLES) is displayed.
Three visual tool modules are linked to the ckpath command. They are errpath (which formats and displays an error message on the standard output), helppath (which formats and displays a help message on the standard output), and valpath (which validates a response). These modules should be used in conjunction with Framed Access Command Environment (FACE) objects. In this instance, the FACE object defines the prompt.
OPTIONS
The following options are supported:
-a Pathname must be an absolute path.
-b Pathname must be a block special file.
-c Pathname must be a character special file.
-d default Defines the default value as default. The default is not validated and so does not have to meet any criteria.
-e error Defines the error message as error.
-f Pathname must be a regular file.
-h help Defines the help message as help.
-k pid Specifies that process ID pid is to be sent a signal if the user chooses to quit.
-l Pathname must be a relative path.
-n Pathname must not exist (must be new).
-o Pathname must exist (must be old).
-p prompt Defines the prompt message as prompt.
-Q Specifies that quit is not allowed as a valid response.
-r Pathname must be readable.
-s signal Specifies that the process ID pid defined with the -k option is to be sent signal signal when quit is chosen. If no signal is specified, SIGTERM is used.
-t Pathname must be creatable (touchable). Pathname will be created if it does not already exist.
-w Pathname must be writable.
-W width Specify that prompt, help and error messages be formatted to a line length of width.
-x Pathname must be executable.
-y Pathname must be a directory.
-z Pathname must have a file having a size greater than zero bytes.

OPERANDS
The following operand is supported:
input Input to be verified against validation options.

EXAMPLES
The text of the default messages for ckpath depends upon the criteria options that have been used.
Example 1: Default prompt
An example default prompt for ckpath (using the -a option) is:
example% ckpath -a
Enter an absolute pathname [?,q]
Example 2: Default error message
An example default error message (using the -a option) is:
example% /usr/sadm/bin/errpath -a
ERROR: A pathname is a filename, optionally preceded by parent directories.
The pathname you enter: - must begin with a slash (/)
Example 3: Default help message
An example default help message (using the -a option) is:
example% /usr/sadm/bin/helppath -a
A pathname is a filename, optionally preceded by parent directories.
The pathname you enter: - must begin with a slash (/)
Example 4: The quit option
When the quit option is chosen (and allowed), q is returned along with the return code 3. Quit input gets a trailing newline.
Example 5: Using the valpath module
The valpath module will produce a usage message on stderr. It returns 0 for success and non-zero for failure.
example% /usr/sadm/bin/valpath
usage: valpath [-[a|l][b|c|f|y][n|[o|z]]rtwx] input
 .
 .
 .

EXIT STATUS
The following exit values are returned:
0 Successful execution.
1 EOF on input, or negative width on -W option, or usage error.
2 Mutually exclusive options.
3 User termination (quit).
4 Mutually exclusive options.

ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
ATTRIBUTE TYPEATTRIBUTE VALUE
AvailabilitySUNWcsu

SEE ALSO
face(1), signal.h(3HEAD), attributes(5)

Index
NAME
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
OPTIONS
OPERANDS
EXAMPLES
EXIT STATUS
ATTRIBUTES
SEE ALSO
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 02:39:26 GMT, October 02, 2010


text:
This paper compared a high-dynamic range (HDR) micro-light-emitting diode (Micro LED) display with an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) with a relatively low luminance range to determine the relationship between HDR and its factors and the effect of quality factors on the final image quality evaluation. The experimental subjects were general consumers, who evaluated images displayed on a Micro LED 4 K (110 in.) and an LCD 8 K (85 in.). The image-quality characteristics of the Micro LED reinforced texture analysis of the surface and clear image quality especially for the microscopic image group. Vividness perceptions have shown to affect all items, indicating that the increase in vividness due to the color gamut extension of Micro LED has a significant impact on the analytical evaluation of the details of an image. This study revealed that HDR is an important factor for image contrast that is comparable to the high resolution of the 8 K display. Among the currently commercialized displays, the Micro LED has the widest HDR, and clear, high-quality images are expected using this new display.
Bibliographical notePublisher Copyright:
© 2023 Elsevier B.V.
- Image quality
- Micro LED

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Bioactive glass air-abrasion was used to pre-condition enamel white spot lesion.
Pre-conditioning increased the average surface roughness of the lesion.
An ultra-thin, clinically insignificant layer was removed from the lesion surface.
Pre-conditioning enhanced subsequent remineralization using bioactive glass 45S5.
To evaluate the effect of pre-conditioning enamel white spot lesion (WSL) surfaces using bioactive glass (BAG) air-abrasion prior to remineralization therapy.
Ninety human enamel samples with artificial WSLs were assigned to three WSL surface pre-conditioning groups ( n = 30): (a) air-abrasion with BAG-polyacrylic acid (PAA-BAG) powder, (b) acid-etching using 37% phosphoric acid gel (positive control) and (c) unconditioned (negative control). Each group was further divided into three subgroups according to the following remineralization therapy ( n = 10): (I) BAG paste (36 wt.% BAG), (II) BAG slurry (100 wt.% BAG) and (III) de-ionized water (negative control). The average surface roughness and the lesion step height compared to intra-specimen sound enamel reference points were analyzed using non-contact profilometry. Optical changes within the lesion subsurface compared to baseline scans were assessed using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Knoop microhardness evaluated the WSLs' mechanical properties. Raman micro-spectroscopy measured the v -(CO 3 ) 2− / v 1 -(PO 4 ) 3− ratio. Structural changes in the lesion were observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM–EDX). All comparisons were considered statistically significant if p < 0.05.
PAA-BAG air-abrasion removed 5.1 ± 0.6 μm from the lesion surface, increasing the WSL surface roughness. Pre-conditioning WSL surfaces with PAA-BAG air-abrasion reduced subsurface light scattering, increased the Knoop microhardness and the mineral content of the remineralized lesions ( p < 0.05). SEM–EDX revealed mineral depositions covering the lesion surface. BAG slurry resulted in a superior remineralization outcome, when compared to BAG paste.
Pre-conditioning WSL surfaces with PAA-BAG air-abrasion modified the lesion surface physically and enhanced remineralization using BAG 45S5 therapy.
The optimal goal of minimal invasive (MI) dental caries management is to prevent and "heal" the incipient lesion by inhibiting the demineralization process, preventing any further mineral loss and enhancing the remineralization repair process . The enamel white spot lesion (WSL) results from the physical changes occurring in enamel due to the caries process before it has reached the enamel–dentin junction (EDJ) . Different protocols have been described to remineralize enamel WSLs including bioactive glass (BAG) 45S5 . BAG 45S5 is an inorganic amorphous, calcium, sodium phosphosilicate material which contains fivefold ratio of Ca/P . It interacts with aqueous solutions such as saliva to form a hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) layer, attached chemically to the treated surfaces . In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that BAG 45S5 allowed close contact of the living cells at its surface and did not contain leachables which produce inflammation . It has been shown that BAG 45S5 mixture prepared to treat dentin hypersensitivity and incipient enamel caries is a biocompatible material concluded by assessing the viability and the morphological alternations of pulp cells .
The remineralization of enamel WSL is a complex physico-chemical process where the remaining mineral crystals are less reactive, covered by salivary proteins and the limited diffusion of ions lessens the net mineral gain . In order to promote the WSL remineralization process, an additional stage of pre-conditioning the lesion surface using phosphoric acid prior to the remineralization therapy has been described and shown to increase the remineralization of WSLs . In the present study, air-abrasion with PAA-BAG powder was used to pre-condition the lesion surface as opposed to cutting it, in order to promote remineralization using different topical therapies including mixtures of BAG 45S5. Polyacrylic acid (PAA) altered the hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) induced by BAG 45S5, with smaller structures deposited on the surfaces of enamel WSLs, remineralized using PAA-BAG slurry and assessed using Raman micro-spectroscopy and SEM . The ( COOH) functional group of PAA may bind the calcium and phosphate ions to form nano-precursors small enough to penetrate the carious lesion more effectively .
The objectives of this study were to assess the physical effects of this WSL surface pre-conditioning and to study the impact of this modification on overall lesion remineralization. The physical changes were assessed using non-contact white light confocal profilometry and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The mineral content at the lesion surface following the application of the remineralization therapies was evaluated using Raman micro-spectroscopy used in a StreamLine™ scanning technique to map the lesion surface measuring the v -(CO 3 ) 2− / v 1 -(PO 4 ) 3− ratio of 2880 spectra per sample. The biomechanical properties of the WSLs were assessed using Knoop microhardness testing. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) were used to study the ultra-structural changes within remineralized artificial WSLs created using a bi-layer demineralization protocol. The two null hypotheses investigated in this study were that pre-conditioning the WSL using PAA-BAG air-abrasion had no effect on lesion surface characteristics and that this pre-conditioning had no effect on the following remineralization therapy using BAG 45S5.
Materials and methods
Caries-free human molars were collected using ethics approval reviewed by the East Central London Research Ethics Committee (Reference 10/H0721/55), stored in refrigerated de-ionized water and used within a month from the extraction. One buccal enamel slab from each tooth was sectioned using a diamond wafering blade (XL 12205, Benetec Ltd., London, UK). The slab's initial surface integrity was inspected using a confocal tandem scanning microscope (TSM) (Noran Instruments, Middleton, WI, USA), with an 20× air objective in reflection scanning mode. Ninety samples were included in this study. The samples were included face down in acrylic resin using a hard-anodized aluminum and brass sample former (Syndicad Ingenieurbüro, München, Germany). The superficial enamel layer was removed to create more consistent, reproducible artificial enamel lesions , using a water-cooled rotating polishing machine (Meta-Serv 3000 Grinder-Polisher, Buehler, Lake Bluff, IL, USA) with a sequential standard polishing protocol started from 600- to 4000-grit silica carbide disks, followed by 3 min of ultrasonication to remove the smear layer. Dental wax was applied to protect part of the enamel leaving an exposed window of 3 mm × 1 mm in the central area of the exposed enamel slab. The specimens were submitted to a previously documented bi-layer demineralization protocol of 8% methylcellulose gel buffered with a layer of lactic acid solution (0.1 mol/L, pH 4.6) for 14 days at 37 °C, to create artificial WSLs with an average depth of 70–100 μm . The sound enamel areas around the WSL were covered with polyvinyl chloride tape throughout the experimental procedures, and removed at the end of the remineralization therapies. The samples were assigned into nine experimental groups according to the surface pre-conditioning and remineralization therapies ( n = 10; Table 1 ).
|Group ( n = 10)||Experimental procedures||Before surface pre-conditioning||After surface pre-conditioning||After remineralization therapy|
|Surface pre-conditioning a||Remineralization therapy b|
|1||PAA-BAG air-abrasion||BAG paste (36 wt.% BAG)||0.18 ± 0.02||0.71 ± 0.15||0.80 ± 0.13|
|2||PAA-BAG air-abrasion||BAG slurry (100 wt.% BAG)||0.17 ± 0.01||0.57 ± 0.15||0.60 ± 0.06|
|3||PAA-BAG air-abrasion||De-ionized water (−ve control)||0.16 ± 0.01||0.49 ± 0.09


Term 1 Week 4
Hi everyone,
Another sublime week in Rowan Class.
In Literacy we started to learn about our new text: Goodnight Mr Tom, which links really nicely with our topic: Time Tunnel. The story takes us back in time to when children were evacuated from London (and other major cities) to more rural areas during WW2. We have started to learn about a young evacuee who's taken the train to stay with an unknown host. Lots of amazing writing and discussion has come out of this already.
In maths both our year 5's and 6's learnt about negative numbers, counting in intervals across zero as well as addition and subtraction using negative numbers.
In topic we started to learn about our topic: Time Tunnel! This is history based.
The children began by discussing any historical events that they could remember, giving a small amount of information about each and plotting them on a time-line. All of this was done from existing memory.
Children then designed their own Time Tunnel ride for a theme park on which the public could ride. It would take them on a journey through history exposing them to all of the historical events that had been detailed prior.
Looking forward to another brilliant week next week.
Kind regards,
Mr Askew


Javascript script disable text selection method
By . Category: javascript, Web Tags: , ,
irnanto.comText selection or selection of text is a thing that often we do on a text content to select the text to be processed further like to copy. Currently looking for information has been very easy, especially looking for information on search engines that display certain web sites according to the key words we are looking for or what we want. User can copy the article that appeared on the search results they do with how to select text content.
After selecting the text that will be copied, the user will use the shortcut Ctrl + C or right click and select copy to copy the text that has been selected. To prevent that from happening, we must create safeguards to prevent acts of plagiarism of our web content. It is very easy to disable text selection by using a javascript text selection.
disable text selection web
disable text selection web
Javascript script selection is that we will create a very simple, because you can put this script to disable text selection in the tag body or head section.
How to install the script javascript disable text selection
You simply type in the following script tag in the head or body tag on your website.
<script type="text/javascript">
 function disabletext(e){
 return false;
 }
 function reEnable(){
 return true;
 }
 //if the browser is IE4+
 document.onselectstart=new Function ("return false");
 //if the browser is NS6
 if (window.sidebar){
 document.onmousedown=disabletext;
 document.onclick=reEnable;
 }
</script>
If so, please save the script to disable the selection of text that you type on your web files. Please try the results of the changes you make. Berhasilkan? But you must secure over your content in a way to disable right click and disable the shortcut Ctrl + C.
Ok, here first discussion on how to disable text javascript script selection. May be useful.
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text:
To register their opposition against the seismic oil survey and reduction of fishing ban period from 61 days to 47 days, hundreds of fishing community members including women and children gathered at various sea fronts across the coastal areas of Uttan near Bhayandar and launched a peaceful agitation by waving black flags and shouting slogans against the government on Monday.
To compensate, the 15-day loss of trade owing to a ban during the initial stages of the lockdown, the central government authorities have postponed the annual monsoon fishing ban to 15, June from the earlier 1, June in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ). However, the state government has retained the 61-day ban period. "Reducing the period, defeats the sole purpose of the fishing ban aimed at conserving fish species during monsoon which is the spawning season for many varieties of fish. said Bernard D'mello of the Akhil Maharashtra Machhimar Kriti Samithi led by Damodar Tandel.
"The agitation also covered our protest against Seismic oil survey blasts on the seabed which has been damaging the marine life and depleting the fish-stock." said municipal corporator Sharmila Bagaji.
The quaint fishing villages including-Uttan, Pali, Dongri, Bhatte Bunder and Chowk is home to more than 750 fishing boats in the region. Considered as mandated strategy for conservation and management of fisheries resources, the 61 day ban from 1, June 1 to 31, July is in existence since 2012. Earlier the term of the ban lasted 75 days from 1, June to 15, August.


text:
Starting with an overview of why the human brain responds more effectively to visual information and ending with recommendations for successful interface design, this web seminar will help you understand how the addition of visual analysis in your application can increase your customers' satisfaction levels with your solution.
Your seminar leader, Dr. Jock Mackinlay, is a renowned expert on information visualization and HCI. Jocks has spent several years in research at Xerox PARC and has authored several papers, articles and books. He is currently Tableau's director of visual analysis.
Jock will demonstrate the importance of visual analysis – including the iterative process of asking questions, creating pictures, discovering new hypothesis, and foraging for data.
In his talk, you'll learn:
- What years of research by psychologists, statisticians and others have taught us about information design and why that matters to you
- How effective and flexible interface design can lead to higher level of human perception
- What the 'cycle of visual analysis' is and how to effectively reason about data visually
- How visual analysis can help your application by offering your customers faster insight, better analytics and better decisions
Watch today to learn how to quickly add analytical functionality your users will love.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Reproductive function and Male Organ Blood Flow: Understanding the Anatomy of Tumescence
The human body is a wonder, a complicated organism that is a beautiful machine. Individual body parts are also wonders, including the manhood – and not just because of the sheer pleasure the manhood provides to its owner (and to partners of the owner). Of course, like all parts of the body, it requires proper care and attention, which is why male organ health is so important. And part of understanding male organ health lies in knowing the various components of the manhood and how they are affected by other parts of the body. One prime example of this is how male organ blood flow is affected by factors outside the manhood itself.
Itchy Male Organ Etiquette: When to Scratch
Emily Post may have literally written the book on etiquette in America, but it's a safe bet that there's at least one area she didn't cover: when is it appropriate for a man to scratch his itchy male organ. She also most assuredly did not address the underlying male organ care issues that may be creating the itchy male organ situation, either. Granted, some may say that she probably would have included manhood scratching under the category of when the scratch in general, but clearly there is a difference between attending to a slight scratch on the bridge of the nose and providing blessed relief to a devilishly insistent itchy male organ.
As Ms. Post left such a void in the etiquette department, this article intends to help address this issue that all men face occasionally – and some men face almost constantly.
Maintenance of health with hectic office hours
It is needless to affirm that most of the jobs in the present days involve long and hectic working hours. However, it is essential to take care of your health in spite of it with an eye to avoid serious illness in near future. Besides this, as you take care of your physical health, you will be able to stay active and fit. Thus, there will be a boost in your energy and your performance will enhance manifolds in every field. This write-up reveals some tips that will be helpful in taking care of your physical health during those weird working hours. Take a look! Sleep at least for seven to eight hours daily
Sleep is a prerequisite to maintain the healthy well being of an individual. You should never sacrifice sleep for your job. It is self-destructive and may lead to foul moods, bad health and make you unproductive. Thus, it is necessary to sleep for a good number of hours and you will find that things have eventually started to fall into place. While sleeping, make sure to switch off all lights and wear a comfortable and light night dress, which will help you in falling to sleep in no time. Avoid liquid calories
In order to be healthy during those office hours, you should avoid all types of liquid calories such as alcohol, soda, added cream and sugar to the coffee. It is recommended to stay away from foods that are prepared in condiments and high-calorie sauces like mayonnaise, sweet and sour sauce.
Reduce the intake of carbohydrate
Carbohydrate may lead to a rise in the blood sugar. With the increase in blood sugar, the body will be producing insulin for bringing it down, thereby leading to low energy and fat storage. You should not consume more than hundred grams of carbohydrate in every meal. Say no to highly processed and white carbs which include potatoes, cereal, bread, etc. Instead, you can go for food having lots of protein and fiber such as brown rice, sweet potatoes, lentils, bans, etc. Enhance your water intake
It is recommended to intake at least 3-4 liters of water on a daily basis. Make sure to have one glass of water every morning prior to every meal. You should be drinking water throughout the day.
Consume green vegetables
The inclusion of non-starchy vegetables is a great way to stay healthy during every meal. You should enhance the number of green vegetables, you are taking on a daily basis. They are considered to be the primary sources of vitamins, and fibers. Have a healthy breakfast
Eating a healthy breakfast in the morning is a must to stay healthy and active. You can have brown bread, eggs, sprouts, fruits, milk in your breakfast. Make sure to have a healthy and heavy breakfast every morning as this will help you in staying more productive throughout the day. Practicing intermittent fasting
If you have long working hours, intermittent fasting is a great option to stay healthy. To begin with, it plays an indispensable role in limiting the time, when you are eating. There is a considerable enhancement in the growth hormone and testosterone levels while practicing intermittent fasting. This is also effective in the regulation of the insulin levels. Opt for a time-saving workout plan
Exercises are a must to keep yourself healthy. You should make sure to opt for a workout which will be fitting the schedule. You should choose an infrequent, intense and short workout. Going to the gym can be a good option as you will find a distraction-free environment. You can workout for 30-45 minutes daily in the gym. You can also go for yoga and other exercises.
Say no to junk foods
Junk foods can do a lot of harm to your health. Hence, it is strictly recommended to avoid such type of foods. You will feel more active and healthy as you begin to avoid these type of foods.
Use healthy oil
Use healthy oil such as olive oil for cooking. This will help in reducing the extra kilos. If you want to take good care of your health notwithstanding those hectic working hours, follow the above-mentioned tips.


text:
Now is the time to begin the planning and preparation of fields to attract doves during the upcoming season. The mourning dove is one of the most popular game species in the Southeast, and fall dove shoots are a South Carolina tradition.
Large numbers of doves will feed on waste grains and weed seeds in harvested peanut, corn and wheat fields. Fields can also be planted in millet, sorghum, sesame, corn, sunflowers or other crops and managed specifically for dove hunting. It is legal to plant a field with grains attractive to doves, and harvest or mow all or part of it, or none of it at all, and shoot doves over the area. Well-managed dove fields provide benefits to doves and other wildlife before and after the hunting season. Landowners interested in dove field recommendations should contact the S.C. Department of Natural Resources (DNR) Small Game Project at _PHONE_ in Columbia, or a DNR regional wildlife biologist. Dove field planting information can also be found on the DNR website at _URL_
Pending approval by the S.C. Natural Resources Board and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2013-14 mourning dove season dates will be Sept. 2 to Oct. 5; Nov. 23 to 30; Dec. 19 to Jan. 15. Afternoon hunting only is allowed from Sept. 2-7. The bag limit is 15 doves per hunter per day.
Several factors should be considered when planning a dove field. Larger fields are often more attractive than smaller fields. Generally, a dove field should be a minimum of three acres in size and should be designed to allow at least one acre per hunter. Fields should not be located near busy highways, residential areas, schools, hospitals, or other areas where safety or noise could be a concern. Also, doves are easier to attract if fields are located within an agricultural landscape, rather than within a large block of woodlands.
A single field can be manipulated to attract good numbers of doves through the season by alternating strips of several different crops. For example, browntop millet, which will mature in 60-70 days, will provide food during the early dove season. Dove proso millet will mature in 80-90 days and will be available after the browntop falls. Corn or sunflowers could be planted on remaining strips to provide late-season food sources. Doves prefer small-seeded, black-oil-seed varieties of sunflowers over the larger striped-shell sunflowers.
Dove fields should be planted on dates that allow the seed to mature about two weeks prior to hunting, which allows doves time to locate the food source and become accustomed to feeding in the field. Planted strips within fields should be at least 30-50 feet wide, and kept as weed-free as possible. Doves have weak feet and will not use a field where they have to scratch and search for food. For this reason, it is best to plant crops in rows to facilitate cultivation. Herbicides labeled for the various plantings are also recommended. Row plantings also make finding downed birds easier. In fields with heavy weed growth, light discing of strips throughout the field will improve the attractiveness of the field to doves by exposing seeds of native weeds and planted crops.
Overshooting will drive doves away from even a high-quality dove field. A field should not be hunted more than once a week, and the birds should be allowed to feed unmolested during the last two hours of daylight. A particular field should be hunted morning or afternoon, not both.
After the close of dove season, fields should not be plowed under. Crop residue as well as associated weed seeds will continue to provide doves and other wildlife with a reliable food source throughout the remainder of winter and early spring.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Re-Indexing in elastic search
Recently working on my current project had faced a scenario where a particular field of an index is not able to add or update data. After a long finding able to find or detect that there is an issue related to data type in an index for a particular field (or key).
Being a database developer for such a scenario, we always get a hint to alter the data type. Blindly altering data type is not the solution let's research more on this and bring up some of our findings.
In Elasticsearch to add or alter a field in an index, we have an API _mapping. This API will help us to check defined mapping on an index whether it's static mapping or dynamic mapping.
Want to learn more about mapping and its types in elastic search please check my previous article.
Mappings in Elasticsearch
In this article, we will see how mappings are used in Elasticsearch and its pros and cons.
Let's consider practically how re-indexing is implemented and what problems we face during re-indexing.
Consider an index order with static mapping.
And add some records to this index.
- In most scenarios, the elastic search will not allow us directly to update the data type of existing fields either it will make existing data invalid or will throw an error.
- If still, we want to update the field of an index then follow these mentioned steps:
(i) create a new index with the updated data type of field in an index.
(ii) Re-index the data from the old index to the new index.
(iii) delete the old index.
(iv) Re-name the new index with the mapped index name. We can re-name using _alias API in elastic search.
Note: This method requires minimal downtime for re-indexing data.
This approach is useful when altering data type from int to text or int to keyword or both scenarios.
Thanks for the read. Do clap if find it useful😊.
"Keep learning and keep sharing knowledge"


text:
ttytime - calculate length of ttyrec files
ttytime [-c ]
Outputs the length in seconds of each
ttyrec file given as input. For instance:
$ ttytime *.ttyrec 1234 foo.ttyrec 23425 bar.ttyrec
Set the maximum delay between any two frames in the ttyrec. If unset, there is no maximum.
Jesse Luehrs
This software is copyright (c) 2012 by Jesse Luehrs.
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.


text:
Reader: "Crissy, why does my eyeshadow crease? Whenever I do it, I get these lines in my eyeshadow."
There is nothing more annoying than spending a ridiculous amount of time on your eyeshadow only to find that it begins to crease within a few minutes of you completing it. Has this ever happened to you? Well, if you want to know how to prevent this from happening, keep reading.
What does it mean when your eyeshadow creases? Creasing of the eyeshadows occurs when the oils on the eyelid begin to seep through the shadow causing the eyeshadow to build up in the creases or folds of the eyelids. This buildup is known as creasing. If you're still confused, have you ever looked at your eyeshadow and noticed there are horizontal lines in the shape of your eyes? Well that's creasing sis.
I've seen several tips and tricks along the way to prevent creasing. While no one method is right or wrong, they all have the same goal in common. That goal is creating a solid base for the eyeshadow to stick to. For me, I choose to use a cream base concealer or eyeshadow primer. Not only does this help the eyeshadow stay in place, but it also helps it to appear more pigmented. After I apply the cream concealer or eyeshadow primer, I did not open my eyes anymore. Once you open your eyes, whatever cream or liquid base you choose to use settles into the fold or creases of your eyes. Knowing this, I keep my eyes closed and I dip an eyeshadow brush into a setting powder. Next I apply that setting powder all over the lid. Finally, I allow it to dry prior to opening my eyes.
This process may seem lengthy but it doesn't take any time at all. It should not take more than a minute or two (the entire process). These few short steps Will prevent your eyeshadow from creasing LOL your colors to shine bright.
How do you stop your eyeshadow from creasing? Share your tips in the comment section below!


text:
Henry Hamilton Honoré (February 19, 1824 – August 16, 1916) was an American businessman.
Honoré moved to Chicago, Illinois, from Louisville, Kentucky in 1855 and made his fortune in real estate. Henry Honoré fathered six children with his wife, Eliza J. Carr: Adrian C., Bertha (known as Cissie), Henry, Nathaniel, Ida, and Lockwood.
Honoré's daughter, Bertha, married millionaire real estate developer Potter Palmer in 1871, shortly before the Great Chicago Fire destroyed the Honoré Building at Adams and Dearborn in downtown Chicago.
Another daughter, Ida Marie Honoré, married General Frederick Dent Grant, son of President Ulysses S. Grant, in Chicago in 1874. Through this marriage, Honoré became the grandfather of American writer Julia Dent Cantacuzène Spiransky-Grant, also known as Princess Cantacuzène, who chronicled the Russian Revolution from a first-person perspective.
Honoré was responsible for the assemblage of lots and acreage along Dearborn Street, creating an office and commercial district. Honore St. (1832W) in Chicago is named after him.
Notes and references
- Marquis, Albert Nelson (1911). The Book of Chicagoans, p. 339. Chicago: A.N. Marquis & Company.
|This article about an American businessperson born in the 1820s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


text:
The Principles of Architecture and Computer-Assisted Drafting (CAD) Technology is a two-year program that provides an opportunity for students to complete a design pathway. Designing and engineering of physical structures from original concept to complete architectural and engineering plans that include using AutoCAD software are the major elements of the program. Upon graduation, students will be capable of furthering their education in a number of careers in the construction industry that are related to developing, designing, constructing, and maintaining the built environment. Student who complete this program are eligible to receive credit at Montgomery college in the Architectural Technology program.
Sample Course Plan for Principals of Architecture and CAD Technology


text:
Competition, greed and skulduggery are the name of the game if you want to eat your fill. Smorgasbord behaviour is surprisingly complex
A mathematician, an engineer and a psychologist go up to a buffet… No, it's not the start of a bad joke.
While most of us would dive into the sandwiches without thinking twice, these diners see a groaning table as a welcome opportunity to advance their research.
Look behind the salads, sausage rolls and bite-size pizzas and it turns out that buffets are a microcosm of greed, sexual politics and altruism - a place where our food choices are driven by factors we're often unaware of. Understand the science and you'll see buffets very differently next time you fill your plate.
The story starts with Lionel Levine of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, and Katherine Stange of Stanford University, California. They were sharing food at a restaurant one day, and wondered: do certain choices lead to tastier platefuls when food must be divided up? You could wolf down everything in sight, of course, but these guys are mathematicians, so they turned to a more subtle approach: game theory.
Applying mathematics to a buffet is harder than it sounds, so they started by simplifying things. They modelled two people taking turns to pick items from a shared platter - hardly a buffet, more akin to a polite tapas-style meal. It was never going to generate a strategy for any occasion, but hopefully useful principles would nonetheless emerge. And for their bellies, the potential rewards were great.
First they assumed that each diner would have individual preferences. One might place pork pie at the top and beetroot at the bottom, for example, while others might salivate over sausage rolls. That ranking can be plugged into calculations by giving each food item a score, where higher-ranked foods are worth more points. The most enjoyable buffet meal would be the one that scores highest in total.
In some scenarios, the route to the most enjoyable plate was straightforward. If both people shared the same rankings, they should pick their favourites first. But Levine and Stange also uncovered a counter-intuitive effect: it doesn't always pay to take the favourite item first. To devise an optimum strategy, they say, you should take into account what your food rival considers to be the worst food on the table.
If that makes your brow furrow, consider this: if you know your fellow diner hates chicken legs, you know that can be the last morsel you aim to eat - even if it's one of your favourites. In principle, if you had full knowledge of your food rival's preferences, it would be possible to work backwards from their least favourite and identify the optimum order in which to fill your plate, according to the pair's calculations, which will appear in American Mathematical Monthly (_URL_.0961).
So how do you know what to select first? In reality, the buffet might be long gone before you had worked it out. Even if you did, the researchers' strategy also assumes that you are at a rather polite buffet, taking turns, so it has its limitations. However, it does provide practical advice in some scenarios. For example, imagine Amanda is up against Brian, who she knows has the opposite ranking of tastes to her. Amanda loves sausages, hates pickled onions, and is middling about quiche. Brian loves pickled onions, hates sausages, shares the same view of quiche. Having identified that her favourites are safe, Amanda should prioritise morsels where their taste-ranking matched - the quiche, in other words.
Not surprisingly, Levine and Stange found their two-person buffet strategy didn't work when they applied it to a scenario with more people. Even so, they found that rushing into grabbing favourites is not always advisable. This time, however, they modelled two general approaches: the "boorish lout" who would always pick their favourite food and the "gallant knight" who makes selections that take into account the enjoyment of others as well as their own. They found that if any of the diners act boorish, everybody ends up with a less satisfying meal than if every person acts gallantly (_URL_.2712). So it can pay to be altruistic - but not if there are any selfish diners.
Indeed, sometimes the only way to satisfy an appetite at a buffet is to pile your plate high while you can - and here's where some engineering know-how can apply.
Software engineer Shen Hongrui, who lives in Beijing, China, found a way to fit an astonishing amount of food into one dish: piles reaching up to a metre tall. Shen had noticed that patrons of the salad buffet in Pizza Hut were asked to follow the rule: "one bowl, one visit". So he worked out how to build towers from salad items, and so maximise his haul. He even, with tongue firmly in cheek, published equations, diagrams and instructions online so others could repeat the feat.
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Thu Dec 22 18:01:45 GMT 2011 by Eric Kvaalen
"You could wolf down everything in sight, of course, but these guys are mathematicians..."
Katherine Stange is not a guy!
Tue Dec 27 17:29:23 GMT 2011 by ChrisHF
And who is Alice?
Thu Dec 29 15:24:22 GMT 2011 by hs96dlw
in my experience nowadays american guys tend to be gender neutral.
Thu Dec 29 20:22:16 GMT 2011 by Oji
"Guy" has been gender neutral in the plural for years or even decades.
Fri Dec 30 06:21:05 GMT 2011 by Eric Kvaalen
You and I have a fundamental disagreement over the use of what I consider bad English.
Sun Jan 01 15:49:34 GMT 2012 by Liza
Well, American friends of mine do use it the way Oji said, and they've all got a college degree...which doesn't make them language specialists, but they're not unschooled.
Sun Jan 01 20:46:52 GMT 2012 by Eric Kvaalen
Even the English are starting to say it. It's horrible.
Tue Jan 03 08:14:01 GMT 2012 by Liza
What's horrible? The spreading use of "guy" in England, or its referring to both sexes? I object more to the first, since they have plenty of good local alternatives. Chaps, lads,...
Tue Jan 03 20:11:06 GMT 2012 by Eric Kvaalen
I meant the use of "guys" when there are women in the group. (In this article, the "group" consisted of one man and one woman!)
I also regret that fact that the English are now using the word "guy" all the time for what we Americans call guys (males) instead of the words you mention, or "bloke". But that's just a loss of local color, it's not a gross misuse of the language like calling females guys!
There are also many good ways to refer to people without saying "guys". In this article, he could have said "but these folks are mathematicians". One expression I've heard English people say recently (and which I find cute) is "you lot" as a plural of "you".
All comments should respect the New Scientist House Rules. If you think a particular comment breaks these rules then please use the "Report" link in that comment to report it to us.
If you are having a technical problem posting a comment, please contact technical support.


Discover the social and economic benefits of transit.
In U.S. Metropolitan Regions with Population 100,000 or Greater
In U.S. cities there are located within a ½ mile of transit.
AllTransitTM Performance Score
Overall transit score that looks at connectivity, access to jobs, and frequency of service.
When households of all incomes can live in neighborhoods with access to transit and jobs, they have greater choices between housing units, employment opportunities, and multiple transportation options connecting the two. With that expanded choice comes a lower reliance on automobiles. As households drive less, they spend less on transportation, freeing up money for things like childcare, education, health care, conventional down payments, and savings. Through this connection to job opportunities via transit, economic mobility increases. Greenhouse gases go down. Neighborhoods become more economically and environmentally resilient.
View AllTransitTM Rankings
AllTransitTM Gap Finder
See where households are underserved by transit.
Public transit is critical to a successful and equitable economic infrastructure. However, even places that have access to transit can include gaps where underserved communities would benefit from improved service. This tool reveals where transit improvements could provide the most impact by highlighting underserved areas where demand is strongest.
View Gap Finder
Urban Scenarios
AllTransitTM data can be applied to local datasets to enrich the understanding of the availability and impact of transit. Customized analysis can be performed for any city/region where AllTransitTM data is available.
AllTransitTM is a combination of publicly available GTFS data and new data created by CNT for more than 300 regions where it did not previously exist. AllTransit increases our understanding of the value of transit by going beyond simple measures of "where transit exists" to nuanced interpretations of transit quality. AllTransit analyzes the social benefits of good transit service through the lenses of health, equity, and economic development, and users can rely on this information to improve transit in their own cities.
Transit measures consist of data from
Stop Locations


text:
Scottish Castle in London
Former water tower designed like a Scottish castle with moat.
The building was constructed in 1856 as a pumping-station for the supply of fresh water in east London, in the wake of a cholera epidemic.
The Castle was designed and built by William Chadwell Mylne, and is a spectacular example of the Victorian propensity for interpreting functional industrial buildings in the architectural style of earlier ages. Here it is a French mediaeval castle, complete with parapets and three different towers, set on a raised mound as if within a moat, looking like something from a Book of Hours, although Mylne is said to have taken Stirling Castle as his inspiration.
In 1995 Nicholas Grimshaw and Partners imaginatively converted the building into an indoor climbing centre and the interior is now a maze of artificial rock faces on different levels, studded with climbers like fridge magnets.


text:
In this video, I'll be discussing basics of collecting and preparing driftwood and rocks for the home aquarium.
During filming I received a semi-important text and kinda lost my train of thought. A couple of things I left out that you should look out for when collecting rocks-
1) Crystals/Geodes- Crystals are high in mineral concentrations. I'm no geologist, so I don't know the specifics of what they can leach, but it's good to stay away from them.
2) Orange/Red spots/drips/streaks- This is rust. It indicates that the rock contains some kind of metal deposit. Stay away from it, as some metals can be toxic and all metals are harmful in significant quantities.
Feel free to leave any questions or comments in the comments section!


Abstract
Small firearms can create sound levels exceeding the safe threshold of human hearing with even one shot. Understanding how the sound propagates will lead to better range and military drill design. This thesis describes errors associated with different predictive interpolation models for the M16A4. Before directly discussing potential sources of error, the thesis first seeks to validate the data acquired. This is done through waveform inspection with a focus on shot-to-shot consistency. Finding the standard deviation in level between a 10-shot volley provides a good baseline with which other sources of error can be compared to. For both peak and 8-hour A-weighted equivalent levels, the deviation tended to be 1-1.2 dB. With this constraint in mind, the thesis then discussions potential error of measurements along the radial arc. By comparing nearest neighbor microphones with measured values, it was determined that a finer resolution behind the shooter is most relevant. Second, radial propagation was plotted to justify potential decay rates for further plotting. A model of spherical spreading is reasonable, but overestimates the level at farther distances e.g. 50 m. Lastly the thesis focuses on interpolation mapping to predict levels around the range. The baseline model was created using a Cartesian interpolation scheme that uses ghost points to help limit potential artifacts. Leave-one-out analysis highlighted a necessity of microphone placement behind the shooter and other less important microphones. Use of symmetry across the firing direction provides excellent results, generally below the 1 dB standard deviation. In the end, a best-practices guideline is given, which reduces number of required microphones by half. Through these analyses, future measurements will be more effective in microphone placement. With these level maps, one will also be able to better determine potential hearing risks associated with small firearm use and even avoid them through better drill.
Degree
MS
College and Department
Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Physics and Astronomy
Rights
_URL_
Date Submitted
2022-08-08
Document Type
Thesis
Handle
_URL_
Keywords
Acoustics, rifle, gunshot, noise, interpolation, modelling, leave-one-out, symmetry, error, ghost points
Language
english
Share
COinS


text:
Testing the operation of all door and window contacts, and motion detectors.
Step 1: Verify that the alarm system is in "READY" mode. Do not arm it!
Step 2: Open each protected door or window, one at a time.
Step 3: Check that the keypad displays the door or window you are testing is open.
Step 4: Close the respective door or window. The keypad should display "ZONE OPEN".
Step 5: Repeat this procedure for each sensor in the system.
Testing the signal transmission to ADT monitoring center.
Step 1: Call ADT Customer Service at 03-9236 1827 and ask that your alarm system be placed in "TEST" mode. Be ready to give your monitoring account number and password to the operator.
Step 2: Arm your system as usual and set it off by opening a door or window, or by tripping a motion detector. Allow the alarm to sound for at least one minute.
Step 3: Turn off your system and reset it to "READY" mode.
Step 4: Verify that the signal was received by the Monitoring Center.
Step 5: Call ADT Customer Service at 03-9236 1827 to take alarm system off test.


can also be used for links in the text part of a message using a double-square-bracket notation.
_URL_[[data-msys-clicktrack="0"]]
Link Names
Link names are used to identify links in click events in both webhook payloads and message events. You can name links through the data-msys-linkname custom attribute. If this attribute is not specified the link name will be reported as Raw URL. For example:
Example
Link names have a maximum length of 63 characters and are truncated if they exceed the limit.
Unsubscribe Links
You can configure a link in your content to generate a link_unsubscribe event when clicked using the data-msys-unsubscribe custom attribute. Click tracking is required for the generation of a link_unsubscribe event. For example:
Unsubscribe
More information can be found here.
Per-link Disabling of Click Tracking
When click-tracking is enabled for a transmission, individual links can be skipped using the data-msys-clicktrack custom attribute. For example:
Click
Custom Link Sub-Paths
It is possible to add a custom sub-path to a tracked URL using the data-msys-sublink custom attribute. For example:
Click
The tracked link generated will look like this:
http://<hostname>/f/custom_path/<encoded target url>
Macros
Macros are built-in functions. Each macro consists of a name followed by parentheses, which may enclose any arguments that the macro accepts.
render_dynamic_content()
This macro allows you to render substitution variables, stored inside the dynamic_html, dynamic_amp_html and dynamic_plain. It will execute all expressions and will track all links.
Learn more about dynamic content.
empty()
Given an array as an argument, the empty macro returns true if the array is empty or false if the array is not empty. This is useful for determining whether to include a header in a dynamically generated HTML table and blocking iteration of the table if it is empty.
HTML
Data

 Name	 Price

 Jacket	 $39.99

 Gloves	 $5

render_snippet()
See this section.
Braces Macros
If you want opening or closing braces to appear in the content, you must escape them. The six macros for outputting braces are as follows:
MacroOutput
opening_single_curly(){
closing_single_curly()}
opening_double_curly(){{
closing_double_curly()}}
opening_triple_curly(){{{
closing_triple_curly()}}}
HTML
Data
Here is a curly: {{
Escaping curly braces in amp-mustache templates
AMP HTML email content may contain "amp-mustache" templates. Most double and triple curly brace expressions within amp-mustache templates are automatically escaped by SparkPost such that the amp-mustache expressions are preserved upon delivery to email clients.
There are certain expressions that SparkPost will not escape. These include:
 - Expressions that contain the keyword "sparkpost"
 - Expressions that are already a call to one of the curly escape macros: opening_single_curly(), closing_single_curly(), opening_double_curly(), closing_double_curly(), opening_triple_curly(), and closing_triple_curly()
 - Expressions that contain use of "loop_var"
 - The "else" and "end" control statements
In the following example, {{name}}, {{price}}, {{#cart_items}}, {{/cart_items}}, and {{^cart_items}} will be automatically escaped such that they are preserved as amp-mustache template expressions upon delivery of the email. On the other hand, {{sparkpost_name}} will be treated as a sparkpost templating expression since it contains the "sparkpost" keyword.
<amp-list src="_URL_ layout="fixed-height" height="80">
 <template type="amp-mustache">

 Cart items for {{sparkpost_name}}:

 {{#cart_items}}

 {{name}}
 {{price}}

 {{/cart_items}}
 {{^cart_items}}
 There are no featured products available. Please check back again later.
 {{/cart_items}}

 </template>
 </amp-list>
Dynamic Content
Dynamic content is content stored in a variable that contains expressions, statements, and links. Expressions inside of variables are not executed by default. Likewise, links are not tracked. To correctly render dynamic content, you must do the following:
 1. Add the dynamic content inside the dynamic_html object at the transmission-level substitution data.
 2. Use the render_dynamic_content() macro to render the dynamic_html variables.
Here is an example of dynamic content used correctly. Notice that the {{username}} is replaced with foo in the output.
HTML
Data

Insert a chunk of html:

Click here

The dynamic content will be correctly rendered without HTML escaping, regardless of whether double or triple curly braces are used.
Plain text
To insert dynamic content into the text/plain part of a message, place the dynamic content into the transmission-level substitution variable dynamic_plain.
As with dynamic_html, dynamic_plain variables must be wrapped in the render_dynamic_content() macro when used in the template.
AMP HTML
You can also insert dynamic content into the text/x-amp-html part of a message using the transmission level dynamic_amp_html variable:
{
 "substitution_data" : {
 "dynamic_amp_html" : {
 "my_amp_html_chunk": "<amp-img width=\"30\" height=\"30\" src=\"_URL_.com?u={{username}}\">"
 }
 }
}
As with dynamic_html and dynamic_plain, you must use the render_dynamic_content() macro to include your dynamic AMPHTML in the template:
Attempting to insert a chunk of amp html:
{{ render_dynamic_content(dynamic_amp_html.my_amp_html_chunk) }}
Complex Example
Finally, as a more complex example, render_dynamic_content() can also be used inside an each loop. This example only renders the offers available as listed in the offers array.
HTML
Data

Today's special offers

<a href="_URL_ wirecutters

<a href="_URL_ bug spray

For AMP HTML, the same example could be laid out using the amp_html part
{
 "name": "John",
 "offers": [ "offer1", "offer3" ],
 "dynamic_html": {
 "offer1": "<a href=\"_URL_ wirecutters",
 "offer2": "<a href=\"_URL_
 "offer3": "<a href=\"_URL_ bug spray"
 },
 "dynamic_amp_html": {
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 "offer2": "<a href=\"_URL_
 "offer3": "<a href=\"_URL_ bug spray"
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Today's special offers

\n{{each offers}}\n
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From Ancestry.com Wiki
|This article is a stub. Help us to expand it by contributing your knowledge. For county and town page guidelines, visit U.S. County Page Content Suggestions.|
Scituate is a town in Massachusetts. It was formed in 1633 and can be found in Plymouth county. For more information, contact the county at 600 Chief Justice Cushing Way, Scituate 02066. On the attached map, Scituate is shown as 8 in Plymouth county.
For information about the state of Massachusetts see Massachusetts Family History Research.
- Outstanding guide to Scituate, Massachusetts birth, marriage, and death records, town histories, maps, city directories, cemeteries, churches, newspapers, libraries and historical societies (FamilySearch Research Wiki).


{r+1}} &if $r\neq -1$\vspace{1ex}\cr
\ln (b)-\ln (a) &if $r=-1$.\cr}\end{displaymath}
Proof: The result for the case $r=-1$ was proved in theorem 5.76. The case $r \not = -1$ is done in the following exercise.
7.16 Exercise. A Use the two previous lemmas to prove theorem 7.15 for the case $r \not = -1$.
Remark: In the proof of lemma 7.7, we did not use the assumption $r\neq -1$ until line (7.9). For $r=-1$ equation (7.9) becomes
\begin{displaymath}\sum([t^{-1}],P_n,S_n)=n(a^{{1\over n}}-1).\end{displaymath}
Since in this case $\displaystyle {\{\sum ([t^{-1}],P_n,S_n)\}\to A_1^a[{1\over t}]=\ln
(a)}$,we conclude that
\begin{displaymath}
\lim\{n(a^{{1\over n}}-1)\}=\ln (a) \mbox{ for all } a>1.
\end{displaymath} (7.17)
This formula give us method of calculating logarithms by taking square roots. We know $\displaystyle {2^n(a^{ {1\over {2^n}}}-1)}$ will be near to $\ln(a)$ when $n$ is large, and $\displaystyle { a^{ {1\over {2^n}}}}$ can be calculated by taking $n$ successive square roots. On my calculator, I pressed the following sequence of keys
\begin{displaymath}2\underbrace{\sqrt{} \sqrt{} \cdots \sqrt{} }_{\mbox{15 times...
...\;\; \times 2\;\; \cdots \;\; \times 2} _{\mbox{15 times}}\;=\;\end{displaymath}
and got the result $0.693154611$. My calculator also says that
$\mbox{ln}
(2)=0.69314718$. It appears that if I know how to calculate square roots, then I can calculate logarithms fairly easily.
7.18 Exercise. A Let $r$ be a non-negative rational number, and let $b\in\mbox{{\bf R}}^+$. Show that
\begin{displaymath}{
A_0^b[t^r]={{b^{r+1}}\over {r+1}}}.\end{displaymath}
Where in your proof do you use the fact that $r\geq 0$?
next up previous index
Next: 8. Integrable Functions Up: 7. Still More Area Previous: 7.1 Area Under a Index
Ray Mayer 2007-09-07


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Growth Trends for Related Jobs
How Does the General Schedule Step Scale Work?
Most of the salaries of U.S. government civil service jobs fall under the General Schedule pay system. The system provides for a series of grade and step increases in pay which permits an employee to advance through a given profession as their experience and proficiency increases.
The General Schedule System
There are fifteen grades within within the federal government general schedule pay system. Each job title is assigned a series of grades associated with the job, progressing in salary from lowest to highest. Within each grade, there are a series of ten steps, which are salary increases. These are known as step increases or within-grade increases.
Entering Government Service
When a person is hired by the federal government, the employee is assigned a pay grade within the job series, depending upon his or her knowledge, education and experience. For instance, an entry-level biologist with a bachelor's degree may enter federal service as a GS-5. Within the same job series, an advanced researcher with a doctorate. and many years prior experience may enter as a GS-13 or higher. In almost all cases, a person entering government service will start at step one of their grade.
After one year of service, the person is eligible for a within-grade increase. If performance has been satisfactory and a supervisors approves, the individual moves from step one to step two, with the associated increase in pay. The individual may increase in steps annually until step four, when the waiting period changes to every two years between steps four through seven. After step seven, the period of performance changes to every three years through step ten.
Exceptions to Step Increases
If an employee's work is not satisfactory, a step increase may not be awarded. On the other hand, exemplary employees may be eligible for a Quality Step Increase. This is an increase given in addition to their scheduled increases. To be eligible for a QSI, an employee must have the highest rating possible on the annual appraisal and must not have received another QSI within the previous year.
Step increases provide employees with an increase in salary as they become more proficient in their professional career. Employees may also be promoted from their present grade to the next higher grade as they take on more professional responsibility. When this occurs, they once again start at a lower step and become eligible for step increases within their new grade.


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To deduce is defined as to come up with an answer by logic or by putting pieces of information together.(verb)
An example of deduce is when police figure out who the killer is by looking at information they obtain.
See deduce in Webster's New World College Dictionary
See deduce in American Heritage Dictionary 4
transitive verb de·duced, de·duc·ing, de·duc·es
Origin: Middle English deducen
Origin:, from Latin dēdūcere, to lead away or down
Origin: : dē-, deOrigin: + dūcere, to lead; see deukin Indo-European roots.
Learn more about deduce


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>>Covington average temperature
>>Covington Weather by month // weather averages
The climate is warm and temperate in Covington. The is a great deal of rainfall in Covington, even in the driest month. This climate is considered to be Cfa according to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. The average temperature in Covington is 15.5 °C. The rainfall here averages 1315 mm.
Climate graph // Weather by Month Covington
The driest month is October, with 73 mm of rainfall. The greatest amount of precipitation occurs in April, with an average of 136 mm.
average temperature Covington
The warmest month of the year is July, with an average temperature of 26.7 °C. The lowest average temperatures in the year occur in January, when it is around 2.9 °C.
Covington Weather by month // weather averages
|Avg. Temperature (°C)||Avg. Temperature (°F)||Precipitation / Rainfall (mm)|
|Avg. Temperature (°C)||2.9||5.4||10.3||15.9||20.6||25||26.7||25.8||22.2||16.1||10.2||5|
|Min. Temperature (°C)||-2||0.1||4.7||9.8||14.6||18.9||20.8||19.6||16||9.2||4.5||-0.1|
|Max. Temperature (°C)||7.9||10.7||15.9||22||26.7||31.1||32.7||32||28.5||23.1||16||10.1|
|Avg. Temperature (°F)||37.2||41.7||50.5||60.6||69.1||77.0||80.1||78.4||72.0||61.0||50.4||41.0|
|Min. Temperature (°F)||28.4||32.2||40.5||49.6||58.3||66.0||69.4||67.3||60.8||48.6||40.1||31.8|
|Max. Temperature (°F)||46.2||51.3||60.6||71.6||80.1||88.0||90.9||89.6||83.3||73.6||60.8||50.2|
|Precipitation / Rainfall (mm)||106||113||133||136||130||95||100||76||97||73||124||132|
The difference in precipitation between the driest month and the wettest month is 63 mm. The variation in temperatures throughout the year is 23.8 °C.


Follow Paths to Selected Nodes of an Rpart Object
Description
Returns a names list where each element contains the splits on the path from the root to the selected nodes.
Usage
1
path.rpart(tree, nodes, pretty = 0, print.it = TRUE)
Arguments
tree
fitted model object of class "rpart". This is assumed to be the result of some function that produces an object with the same named components as that returned by the rpart function.
nodes
an integer vector containing indices (node numbers) of all nodes for which paths are desired. If missing, user selects nodes as described below.
pretty
an integer denoting the extent to which factor levels in split labels will be abbreviated. A value of (0) signifies no abbreviation. A NULL, the default, signifies using elements of letters to represent the different factor levels.
print.it
Logical. Denotes whether paths will be printed out as nodes are interactively selected. Irrelevant if nodes argument is supplied.
Details
The function has a required argument as an rpart object and a list of nodes as optional arguments. Omitting a list of nodes will cause the function to wait for the user to select nodes from the dendrogram. It will return a list, with one component for each node specified or selected. The component contains the sequence of splits leading to that node. In the graphical interaction, the individual paths are printed out as nodes are selected.
Value
A named (by node) list, each element of which contains all the splits on the path from the root to the specified or selected nodes.
Graphical Interaction
A dendrogram of the rpart object is expected to be visible on the graphics device, and a graphics input device (e.g. a mouse) is required. Clicking (the selection button) on a node selects that node. This process may be repeated any number of times. Clicking the exit button will stop the selection process and return the list of paths.
References
This function was modified from path.tree in S.
See Also
rpart
Examples
1
2
3
fit <- rpart(Kyphosis ~ Age + Number + Start, data = kyphosis)
print(fit)
path.rpart(fit, node = c(11, 22))
Want to suggest features or report bugs for rdrr.io? Use the GitHub issue tracker.


ached egg eaten for breakfast – or egg spilt down a child's T-shirt digested inside the washing machine by a biological washing powder (Figure 8).
Figure 8 Difficult stains on clothes may need special preparation before washing to start the process of 'digestion' An image of stain remover being sprayed onto a piece of clothing.
Lipases break down fat, whether they are inside or outside the body. They act on the butter eaten with the poached egg, or in the washing machine, getting rid of the mark where the buttery knife fell into the child's lap. Once the protein and/or fat in the stain have been digested by the enzymes in the washing powder, they no longer cling to the fabric and can be rinsed away. Enzymes are a type of protein and proteins coagulate at high temperatures. So, if boiling water is used with a biological washing powder, the enzymes are denatured and do not work. Because silk is a protein, biological washing powder containing protease can start to digest and weaken the threads, which could seriously damage clothes made of silk.
2.8 Do the liver experiment You can see the action of one type of enzyme for yourself. But first, here is some background information. Hydrogen peroxide is a harmful by-product of many normal chemical reactions that happen in the cells of our body. It needs to be eliminated as quickly as possible. The enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide is called catalase. (Despite the earlier information about how enzymes are named, this one does not break down cats!) One catalase molecule can break down about five million molecules of hydrogen peroxide in one second. The breakdown products are water and oxygen and, because oxygen is a gas, the activity of catalase can be detected by looking for bubbles. One place in the body where many reactions occur is the liver. It also has a particularly high concentration of catalase. So, if you would like to do this yourself, you will need some uncooked liver and some hydrogen peroxide. The easiest source of hydrogen peroxide is in some types of contact lens soaking solution. You will need to check the ingredients to be sure. Alternatively, you may be able to buy dilute hydrogen peroxide from a pharmacy. If you put a tiny bit of raw liver on a plate and add a few drops of contact lens fluid, you should see a reaction quite clearly. You can scale it up if you like, in a jar or glass tumbler, by dropping a bigger piece of liver into some hydrogen peroxide solution (see the next video). Please note this video has no spoken audio. This video begins by pouring hydrogen peroxide into a jar. A slice of liver is then added and a fizzing sound can be heard.
2.9 Digestive enzymes Now we return to the digestion of food inside the body, after it has been mixed with saliva. In Enzymes,we mentioned the enzyme salivary amylase, a starch-digesting enzyme in the saliva. In infants lipase is produced in the mouth, and a second lipase is produced by special cells in the stomach wall. Both of these lipases start the digestion of fats, by removing the first of the three fatty acids from some of the triacylglycerol molecules. This is because the production of pancreatic lipase has not started yet. (The structure of triacylglycerols was described in Fats and oils in Week 1.) In adults lipase is made in the pancreas. However, once the food is thoroughly mixed with the acid in the stomach, the pH is too low for these enzymes to continue working efficiently. One of the protein-digesting enzymes called pepsin is also produced by cells in the stomach wall. This does work well in the acidic conditions and it begins to digest the coagulated proteins to amino acids. A short way along the small intestine, a little tube (duct) empties more digestive fluids from the pancreas and gall bladder onto the food. Bile from the gall bladder is alkaline and neutralises acid from the stomach. This makes the conditions better for other enzymes to work. Bile also helps to emulsify the fats into tiny droplets, enabling one of the enzymes from the pancreas (lipase) to work better at breaking down the fats in the food. Pancreatic lipase breaks one or two of the fatty acid tails off the triacylglycerol. This leaves just one attached, creating a monoacylglycerol. The pancreas also produces more proteases to complete the digestion of proteins into individual amino acids. The remaining digestion of carbohydrates – breaking them down into sugars – is done by amylases produced by the walls of the small intestine itself. One of these amylases is called lactase, which breaks down the sugar in milk (lactose). Lactase is, of course, essential in babies and young children whose main dietary component is milk. But it is unusual for the adults of one species (us) to drink the milk of another (cows), so you would not expect adults to produce lactase. In fact, that is the case in about 80–95% of adult African and East Asian people. If they consume milk, the lactose is not digested and remains in the intestine. The populations of gut bacteria that can digest lactose increase, producing unpleasant-smelling gases. This can cause bloating and wind, abdominal pain and diarrhoea. These can be symptoms of lactose intolerance. However, most Northern European people, and their descendants elsewhere in the world, have retained their ability to produce lactase. They can continue to drink cow's milk without ill effects throughout their lives. Table 1 Enzymes and their role in digestion
Site Enzyme Role in digestion
mouth salivary amylase breaks down starches into disaccharides
Lingual Lipase begins to break down fats into fatty acids
stomach pepsin breaks down proteins into large peptides
small intestine(from pancreas) amylase continues the breakdown of starch
trypsin continues the breakdown of protein
lipase breaks down fat
Small intestine Maltase, sucrase, lactase Breaks down remaining disaccharides into monosaccharides
Peptidase Breaks down dipeptides into amino acids
3 Peristalsis The food is moved along the gut by the action of two sets of muscles. One set runs along the gut and the other set runs around it, as you can see in the next video. Please note this video has no spoken audio. A graphical animation showing the gut passing food through it. The muscles are demonstrating a wave of contraction.
The combined activity of these muscles produces 'waves' of contraction that push the food along (peristalsis). This enables you to eat and drink, and for the digesting food to travel along your gut, while you are lying down or even while standing on your head. The muscles work best if the food you eat contains plenty of fibre.
3.1 Absorption into the blood Once the food has been digested, the next step is for the products – sugars, amino acids, fatty acids and monoacylglycerols – to be absorbed (see Figure 9). The inside of the small intestine is covered in minute, finger-like projections, called villi (Figure 9). This makes the lining look and feel – but not smell – like velvet. These villi give the lining of the small intestine a huge surface area, calculated to be about 30 m2, over which the digested food can be absorbed.
Figure 9 Villi (top) project into the small intestine and each one has capillaries supplying blood An illustration of the walls of the small intestine showing the villi.
Capillaries supply blood to each villus. The blood brings oxygen to keep the cells of the intestine alive and absorb and take away the sugars and amino acids. These tiny capillaries join together to form a vein called the hepatic portal vein, which takes all of the blood to the liver. The fatty acids and monoacylglycerols are absorbed, not into the blood directly, but into blunt-ended tubes in the villi called lymphatic vessels. These all join together and the fluid in them empties into the blood system close to the heart.
3.2 What does the liver do? The liver weighs about 1.5 kg in an adult and sits just below your ribs. The liver is reported to have 500 different functions. One of them is to make bile and store it in the gall bladder, so that it can be released to help with digestion, as mentioned earlier. You know already that the liver contains powerful enzymes. You saw in Do the liver experiment just how quickly catalase can break down hydrogen peroxide, a dangerous by-product of some chemical reactions in the body. Enzymes in the liver also break down any unwanted substances that arrive in the hepatic portal vein from the intestines. Alcohol is one of the main ones. If a person consumes alcoholic drinks, the alcohol is absorbed into the blood through the walls of the stomach or through the villi of the small intestine into the blood. Up to 5% of this alcohol is removed in urine by the kidneys and up to 5% is breathed out (that is the alcohol that breathalysers detect). At least 90% of the alcohol a person consumes is dealt with by the liver. It is broken down by enzymes to acetate molecules, which can be used to produce energy. Excessive consumption of alcohol can damage the liver, causing cirrhosis. Any spare sugars are stored by the liver as glycogen. When needed, the glycogen can be released


Top 10 Most Beautiful Birds in the World
All Time Most Beautiful Birds in the World You Would Love To See
There are over 10,000 different species of birds on our beautiful planet. And, although they are mostly charming, some birds are examples of pure beauty. The proof with these 10 increasingly rare birds considered to be the all-time most beautiful in the world.
Top 10 Most Beautiful and Incredible Birds in the World
1. The Blue Jay
The blue jay is a small passerine bird found in the forests of North America but also in the Gulf of Mexico. Beyond its magnificent blue plumage, this bird is known to take ant baths in order to get rid of parasites.
2. The Golden Pheasant
The golden pheasant is famous for its sublime multicolored plumage and golden crest that it proudly wears on the top of its head. Originally from China, it corresponds in every way to the description we have of the legendary phoenix. A solitary and omnivorous bird, it prefers to move on the ground rather than to fly.
3. The Blue-Headed Lorikeet
The blue-headed lorikeet is a very colorful parrot known to be very loud. Indeed, it has a wide range of calls and other twitterings. Endemic to Oceania, this diurnal bird has a brush-shaped tongue that allows it to suck nectar from flowers.
4. The Flamingo
The flamingo lives in groups and has plumage that can range from pale pink to red. It owes its coloring to the crustaceans it feeds on. This bird, which has a lifespan of 30 years in the wild, is known to be able to stand on one leg, especially when sleeping.
5. The Keeled Toucan
Found in South America, the keel-billed toucan, also called the rainbow toucan, is easily identifiable thanks to its long, colorful banana-shaped beak. It lives in tropical lowland forests and feeds mainly on fruits, but also on insects and eggs. This bird has the particularity of being endowed with a very playful character.
6. The Peacock
The peacock wheel is famous around the world. And for good reason, to seduce females, this bird from India does not hesitate to deploy the feathers of its tail, giving rise to a breathtaking spectacle.
7. The Hyacinth Macaw
The Hyacinth Macaw lives in South America and is admired for its incredible blue plumage but also for its size. Indeed, it is considered the largest parrot in the world since it can reach a wingspan of 1.50 meters in adulthood.
8. The Royal Crane
Present only in Africa, the royal crane measures on average 1 meter high for a weight of 3.5 kilos. She is easily recognizable by her crest of golden feathers that stands on top of her head.
9. The Horned Pheasant
Also called tragopan satyr, the horned pheasant is found in South Asia, more specifically in the Himalayan region. This colorful bird with orange plumage and a blue head lives in pairs in highland forests. It spends most of its time foraging on the ground and only perches at night to sleep.
10. Mandarin Duck
Native to Northeast Asia, the male mandarin duck owns a plumage colored inbreeding. At the end of spring, it, therefore, loses its colors to take on the same appearance as the female, whose colors are duller. Symbol of loyalty, this bird is famous for living with the same partner throughout its life.
Also Read: Top 10 Birds with Spectacular Beaks
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Qala (Maltese: Il-Qala) is a village on the island of Gozo, Malta, with a population of 1,929 as of September 2019. Nearby is Ħondoq ir-Rummien, a coastline with salt pans and caves popular with snorkellers and divers.
|District||Gozo and Comino District|
|• Mayor||Paul Buttigieg (PL)|
|• Total||5.9 km2 (2.3 sq mi)|
|• Density||330/km2 (850/sq mi)|
|Demonym(s)||Qali (m), Qalija (f), Qalin (pl)|
|Time zone||UTC+1 (CET)|
|• Summer (DST)||UTC+2 (CEST)|
|ISO 3166 code||MT-42|
|Patron saint||St. Joseph|
|Day of festa||First Sunday of August|
The name Qala derives from Siculo-Arabic.
About the townEdit
Qala is first referred to in a fifteenth-century portolan preserved at the Vatican Library. It has taken its name from the qala ('port') of Ħondoq ir-Rummien. It is the easternmost village of Gozo and has been inhabited since early times. The development of the present settlement began in the second half of the seventeenth century. It is a pleasant and rural place with many natural and historic attractions.
Though Qala is the farthest village from Gozo's capital, Victoria, it is the closest to the rest of the Maltese archipelago, and the rocky hillsides of Qala enjoy an unobstructed view of the islands of Malta and Comino. The aforementioned islands can be clearly seen from Qala Belvedere and from the small courtyard in front of the church known as Il-Madonna tal-Blat (Our Lady of the Rocks). This church faces Comino and legend has it that it was built so that the people of that island could follow Holy Mass from across the straits when rough weather precluded a priest from crossing there.
Except for a few sheltered inlets, like the popular Ħondoq ir-Rummien, Qala's coastline is largely rugged. Among the many sea caves found along the coast is Għar Minka, which is accessible only by boat.
Qala is located at the easternmost point of Gozo, and is the village furthest from the capital Victoria. Its name is both Arabic and Maltese for sheltered haven or bay, and this is reflected in its coat of arms – a Gozo boat sailing on rough seas. The village parish church is dedicated to Saint Joseph, and was built by Dun Guzepp Diacono, between 1882 and 1889. Its style is baroque as in many other churches on the island. Qala became a parish on 3 February 1872, and until 1889 the parish church was that of the Immaculate Conception of Our Lady. The foundation stone of the parish of Saint Joseph was laid on 19 March 1882 and the church consecrated on 8 May 1904.
Sites of historical interest in and around Qala include the salt pans, a well-preserved windmill and prehistoric remains. One can find examples of cart ruts, (parallel tracks cut into the rock) which extend over 180 metres (590 ft) and are some of the longest on Gozo.
Places of interestEdit
St. Joseph Parish ChurchEdit
The village parish church is dedicated to St Joseph. It was built by the same architect-priest who built the church of Għasri, Dun Guzepp Diacono, between 1882 and 1889, when he was serving as parish priest of Qala. It is built in baroque, for many churches on the island, whether built in the seventeenth or in the latter half of the twentieth century, were constructed in this style.
Qala became a parish on 3 February 1872, the first to be established after the establishment of the Diocese of Gozo. Until 1889, the seat of the parish church was the church of the Immaculate Conception of Our Lady. The foundation stone of the parish of Saint Joseph was laid on 19 March 1882 and the church was consecrated on 8 May 1904. The parish became Archi-presbyteral on 21 April 1965. The village feast to St. Joseph is celebrated yearly in early August.
Immaculate Conception ChapelEdit
This Chapel, which is situated in Qala on the way to Ħondoq ir-Rummien, is one of the earliest Marian shrines on the island and dates back to 1575. It is dedicated to the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary. The feast is celebrated on 8 December and the statue was sculptured in Marseilles by Gallard et Fils in 1887.
In the early 1650s, the chapel was enlarged and on 28 April 1688, it became the parish church of the eastern part of Gozo, Qala, Nadur and Għajnsielem and remained so for about 12 years. It served again as a parish church of Qala from February 1872 to February 1889. It was consecrated on 21 May 1950.
Between 1982 and 1988 the inside was gilded and refurbished. The main attraction is the altarpiece, attributed to Federico Barocci di Urbino. It shows God extending his special protection to the Immaculate Conception. The Virgin Mary was crowned on 1 August 1954.
St. Anthony's BatteryEdit
St. Anthony's Battery, also known as Ras il-Qala (Qala Point) Battery, was built between 1731 and 1732. Its design is attributed to Charles François de Mondion. It was intended to guard the mouth of the channel between Gozo and Comino.
The work was originally designed with a semi-circular gun platform and two blockhouses at the rear; however, it was eventually built with a semi-hexagonal front. Consequently, the landward defenses incorporated a free-standing red-an trace with thick walls and numerous musketry loopholes, which were shielded by two flanking traverses. The land front itself was protected by a shallow ditch. A solid blockhouse with battered walls occupied the center of the enclosure. In 1770, St. Anthony's Battery had an armament of three 8-pounder guns with 427 rounds of roundshot and 75 rounds of grapeshot; and eight 6-pounder guns with 127 rounds of roundshot and 45 rounds of grapeshot.
Although most of the landward part of St. Anthony's Battery was in a precarious state of neglect with part of the wall and the entire blockhouse in complete ruins, Din l-Art Ħelwa (a non-profit making organisation) are at present carrying out renovation and reconstruction works on the Block house and the entrance.
Ħondoq ir-Rummien bay can be accessed from the village of Qala and lies opposite to the isle of Comino. The small sandy beach and its crystalline water makes Ħondoq Bay very popular amongst the local population especially in summer.
Apart from an ideal swimming zone, the bay is also renowned for diving, especially for beginners. During summer evenings a number of local families stay late in Ħondoq to relax by their smoking barbecues enjoying the cool summer breeze.
Voluntary Groups in QalaEdit
Radju Lehen il-QalaEdit
Radio Lehen il-Qala was set up way back in 1996. It was the 25th of July of that year when for the first time a local voice was heard on our radio sets – a voice that echoed into our homes and is still echoing today in a wider and stronger dimension.
Canon Karm Refalo, who was the archpriest of Qala at that time, took the initiative to embark on this new project of setting up a community radio station. Helped along by a group of young people, full of enthusiasm and dynamic energy, they succeeded in transmitting the first schedule of programs for the occasion of the feast of St. Joseph, patron saint of Qala. It was a totally new idea for Qala and even for Gozo, but which took root and is now spread all over the Maltese islands in a considerable number of community radio stations. One may ask, was it opportune that such a radio station should be set up? The answer is definitely yes. Otherwise, how could the station be still functioning fifteen years after it started? The station serves many purposes. Firstly, it is a valuable means of transmission. Besides, it forms a link with Maltese emigrants scattered in so many countries overseas; it is a means for spiritual and social teaching. In addition, it is also a means of support and consolation to so many lonely old or sick people. Listening to a voice coming from a village in the east of Gozo and following all that is happening in the world beyond their rooms, surely provides consolation and companionship – by making them feel part of that world.
The beginning was difficult. Resources were limited. None of those involved were experts in the field of transmission. It all started from scratch in a small room on top of the church sacristy. Yet, it was from there that the voice which today still echoes first emerged. The first schedule of programmes spread over a few days was successfully completed and all felt happy and proud of the achievement. During the days following the village feast, many were asking, ''Why did you stop transmitting?" It was evident that the idea of a local station had been positively welcomed in the village. Not just so, but the community of Qala was in favour of having such an initiative