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Weather on the Mountain
On the mountain, nothing is talked about more than the weather. After a warm hello from natives and long term residence, the next breath is almost always about how cold, how wet or how hot "it's been lately." The real truth for many mountaineers and mountaineer want-a-bee's is simply, any day on the mountain is better than any day off the mountain. The trick to either loving mountain weather or suffering through it is to be prepared for sudden, unpredictable changes.
Geologically speaking the mountains complicate more predictable off-mountain weather. Generally originating from the west and northwest in the winter, occasional blasts of Canadian Arctic air can bring with it snow, freezing temperatures and high winds. Bermuda highs, typical of our summer weather patterns, gather warm moist air from the Gulf of Mexico as it moves in a counter clockwise fashion around a center often located, not surprisingly, over Bermuda. When the humid Gulf air slides up the mountain slopes and hits the cooler, drier, high altitude temperatures, the warm moisture condenses into rain. Hence our frequent "widely scattered afternoon and evening thunder showers". Both summer and winter temperatures often vary as much as 20° or more below those just 25 miles down the mountain.
For horse sport fanciers, weather is a vital concern. Not just for the welfare of horses, but also weather often helps define how much enjoyment we get from a trail ride, a workout in the ring, or a day of showing. Here are some tips to help you get the most from your time on horseback in our mountains.
- Check current weather reports often using links offered on this page. Conditions can change quickly in the mountains.
- Dress in layers so that you can add or subtract as the air and your body temperature changes.
- Always bring a jacket or sweater no matter how warm you think it will be.
- Always bring rain gear. It's easier to assume it will rain at some point during your stay.
- During warmer months, a morning trail ride is a better bet to avoid those pesky "widely scattered afternoon and evening showers."
- And of course a water proof helmet or water proof helmet cover is a good idea for more reasons than one.
If you show horses, you are accustomed to changes in the weather and need not be reminded to bring rain gear. At Blowing Rock we will continue the show schedule during light showers but initiate a hold if there is the slightest hint of a safety issue for horses or riders. We will hold for torrential downpours which are typically brief during our show dates. Our well drained ring is specially prepared to facilitate rain runoff, and we stop showing immediately at any sign of lightning.
- January/February/March—Expect cold winter temperatures and conditions
- April/May/June—Expect a cold day or two in April, cool days and nights in May with daytime temperatures increasing into June.
- July/August/September—Comfortable mornings, warmer with occasional hot afternoons and frequent late afternoon and evening showers
- October/November/December—September slides into October almost unnoticed with increasing cooler temperatures headed toward October's drier peak leaf season. October is noted for warm days and cool nights. Don't be surprised at the light October breezes. Perfect riding weather. Cooler temps in November and snow making on the slopes warn of the winter just ahead. You can count on full blown winter weather by December.
Weather is not manageable, fully predictable, nor is it to be feared. Just be prepared and you will have a safe, secure and fun filled riding experience in the NC Highlands.
Travel safe, ride safe.


How to Calculate Coronary Perfusion Pressure
Stethoscope on a book image by Monika 3 Steps Ahead from Fotolia.com
Coronary perfusion pressure is the pressure gradient between the right atrial diastolic pressure and the aortic diastole pressure. Coronary perfusion pressure is extremely beneficial when administering CPR as it shows the flow of blood to the heart muscle. Coronary perfusion pressure correlates with the coronary blood flow and determines the outcome during a cardiac arrest. Coronary perfusion pressure therefore determines whether the CPR is adequately being performed and maintaining appropriate perfusion to the heart muscle. The CPP minimum is 15 mm Hg for spontaneous profusion of circulation. Coronary perfusion pressure can also indicate blockages, oxygen consumption of the heart muscle and heart failure.
Measure the diastole atrial pressure by using the doppler flowmetry technique. Diastole atrial pressure is the pressure inside the heart muscle when the arteries are relaxed. The lowest relaxed arterial pressure in the aorta just before the ventricle ejects blood into the aorta.
Measure the left ventricular diastolic pressure with the Doppler flowmetry method. Ventricular pressure is normally less than the pressure in the aorta, however ventricular pressure increases rapidly. Elevated left ventricular pressure is a risk factor during any cardiac procedure. The flow of blood to the left ventricle occurs normally during diastole and is determined by the coronary artery pressure or the diastolic pressure minus the left ventricular diastolic pressure, the diastolic interval and the coronary vasodilation.
Take the pulmonary artery occlusion pressure or PAOP which reflects the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. The LVEDP is the amount of pre-loading of pressure on the ventricular coronary fibres before the systole pressure starts. This is extremely important in calculating the coronary performance because as the pre-loading increases, the contractile force increases in the heart muscle
Minus the aortic diastole pressure from the left ventricular diastolic pressure and it gives the cardiac perfusion pressure rate. CPP can therefore be calculated using this equation DAP - PAOP = CPP.
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Measuring the gain in income from migration is complicated by non-random selection of migrants from the general population, making it hard to obtain an appropriate comparison group of non-migrants.
This paper uses a migrant lottery to overcome this problem, providing an experimental measure of the income gains from migration. New Zealand allows a quota of Tongans to immigrate each year with a lottery used to choose amongst the excess number of applicants. A unique survey conducted by the authors in these two countries allows experimental estimates of the income gains from migration to be obtained by comparing the incomes of migrants to those who applied to migrate, but whose names were not drawn in the lottery, after allowing for the effect of noncompliance among some of those whose names were drawn.
We also conducted a survey of individuals who did not apply for the lottery. Comparing this non-applicant group to the migrants enables assessment of the degree to which non-experimental methods can provide an unbiased estimate of the income gains from migration.
We find evidence of migrants being positively selected in terms of both observed and unobserved skills. As a result, non-experimental methods are found to overstate the gains from migration, by 9 to 82 percent. A good instrumental variable works best, while difference-in-differences and bias-adjusted propensity-score matching also perform comparatively well.
McKenzie, David, John Gibson and Steven Stillman. 2010. "How Important is Selection? Experimental Vs Non-experimental Measures of the Income Gains from Migration. Journal of the European Economic Association (June) 8. no. 4: 913-45.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Picture this: a smooth, well-maintained asphalt driveway that welcomes your home with its pristine appearance. It's not just about the final surface; it's about what lies beneath it. In this blog, we delve into the importance of proper base preparation in asphalt driveway installation in Melbourne, drawing from the expertise of concrete contractors. So, let's explore the critical foundation that underpins your driveway's longevity and performance.
The Underestimated Foundation
When it comes to driveway installation, it's easy to get caught up in the allure of the finished product – the sleek black surface of an asphalt driveway. However, the meticulous work that happens beneath the surface often goes unnoticed. Concrete driveway contractors understand that its base preparation is the key to a durable and long-lasting asphalt driveway.
Ensuring Stability and Durability
The base of your driveway serves as the foundation upon which everything else is built. Just like a house needs a strong foundation, so does your driveway. Concrete contractors emphasize the importance of a stable and durable base. It not only supports the weight of vehicles but also resists the forces of soil settlement and freeze-thaw cycles. Your driveway can quickly develop cracks, potholes, and other structural issues without proper base preparation.
Effective Drainage Management
Proper base preparation is essential for managing water drainage effectively. A well-constructed base should be sloped to direct water away from the surface and prevent puddling or pooling. Without this crucial element, water can seep into the asphalt, weakening it and leading to premature deterioration. Concrete driveway contractors pay meticulous attention to grading and slope to ensure efficient water runoff.
Preventing Frost Heave and Settling
In regions with freezing temperatures, frost heave is a common concern. This concern occurs when moisture in the soil freezes and expands, causing the driveway to shift and crack. Concrete contractors take measures to prevent frost heave by ensuring proper drainage and using appropriate materials in the base layer. Moreover, they compact the base thoroughly to minimize settling, which can lead to an uneven and damaged surface.
Even Weight Distribution
A well-prepared base ensures even weight distribution across the entire driveway surface. This distribution means no single area is subjected to excessive pressure, reducing the risk of cracks and deformations. Concrete contractors meticulously assess the load-bearing capacity of the base and make necessary adjustments to ensure a uniform weight distribution.
Minimizing Repairs and Maintenance
Proper base preparation isn't just about immediate results; it's an investment in the long-term health of your driveway. By addressing foundational issues upfront, concrete contractors help you avoid costly repairs and extensive maintenance down the road. A well-constructed base can significantly extend the lifespan of your asphalt driveway, saving you time and money in the future.
Achieving a Smooth and Attractive Finish
Lastly, a solid base sets the stage for a smooth and visually appealing asphalt surface. Concrete contractors understand that the final product's aesthetics depend on the integrity of the ground. A well-prepared foundation provides a seamless and beautiful finish that enhances your home's curb appeal.
Selecting the Right Base Materials
Concrete contractors understand that the choice of base materials is critical. They select materials that provide optimal stability, such as crushed stone, gravel, or recycled concrete. These materials offer excellent drainage properties and provide a solid foundation for the asphalt surface. The choice of materials can vary based on local conditions and climate considerations, highlighting the need for contractor expertise.
Proper Compaction Techniques
Compaction is a crucial step in base preparation. Concrete contractors employ specialized equipment to ensure the base materials are compacted uniformly and at the right density. Proper compaction minimizes the settlement risk and maintains the desired slope for adequate water drainage. Skilled contractors know how to achieve the ideal compaction level for a resilient base.
Addressing Soil Quality
Understanding the characteristics of the underlying soil is another area of expertise for concrete contractors. They assess the soil's composition and load-bearing capacity to determine if any soil amendments or stabilization measures are necessary. By addressing soil-related issues during base preparation, contractors can proactively prevent future problems.
Factoring in Climate Variations
Different regions experience varying climate conditions, which can impact base preparation. Concrete contractors consider local climate factors when planning and executing driveway installations. Whether it's extreme temperatures, heavy rainfall, or frost-prone winters, contractors adapt their methods to ensure that the base can withstand the specific challenges posed by the local climate.
Concrete contractors are increasingly adopting eco-friendly practices in today's environmentally conscious world. They may incorporate recycled materials into the base, reducing the environmental footprint of driveway construction. Additionally, they ensure that any runoff from the base preparation adheres to environmental regulations, preventing contamination of natural water sources.
Collaborating with Homeowners
Concrete contractors recognize the importance of clear communication and collaboration with homeowners. They discuss the importance of base preparation and addressing any questions or concerns. Homeowners benefit from the contractor's guidance on choosing suitable materials and understanding the impact of proper base preparation on the driveway's longevity.
Concrete contractors prioritize quality assurance throughout the base preparation process. They conduct inspections and quality checks to ensure the base meets the required specifications. By maintaining high standards of artistry, contractors instil confidence in homeowners that their asphalt driveway will stand the test of time.
In conclusion, the importance of proper base preparation in asphalt driveways in Melbournemust be considered. The unsung hero ensures stability, durability, adequate drainage, and long-term performance. Concrete contractors bring their expertise and attention to detail to this crucial phase of driveway construction, ensuring that your driveway looks stunning and stands the test of time.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Agri-EC LoRa Soil Sensor
Agri-EC LoRa Soil Sensor Three-in-one sensor is suitable for measuring soil temperature and moisture as well as the total salt content of the soil (conductivity). Three-in-one soil sensors measure salinity, humidity and temperature together, greatly facilitating the customer's system evaluation of soil conditions. Agri-EC LoRa Soil Sensor can be long-term buried in the soil, long-term electrolysis resistance, corrosion resistance, vacuum filling, completely waterproof.The fields of application of Agri-EC LoRa Soil Sensor know countless: scientific experiments , water-saving irrigation, shed for greenhouses, flowers and vegetables. Also it can be used for grass pastures, quick soil measurement, plant cultivation, wastewater treatment, grain storage.


Torque Specifications for Rocker Arm Bolts for a 3.1 Liter Chevy V-6
by Anne Davis
The 3.1-liter engine is a member of GM's 60-degree V6-engine family. GM, the parent company of Chevrolet, began producing these engines in 1980. The manufacturer produced its first 3.1-liter in 1993.
Rocker Arm
itstillruns article image
An engine's rocker arm is a reciprocating lever that transfers radial movement to open the poppet valve, a valve responsible for opening and closing the intake and exhaust ports in the engine's cylinder heads. The rotating lobes of the camshaft raise and lower one end of the rocker arm while the other end acts upon the poppet valve stem.
Torque refers to the force required to rotate an object, in this case a nut or a bolt, around an axis or pivot. You can think of it as a twist.
Torque Specifications
For 3.1-liter engines built between 1995 and 1997, the rocker arm bolts require two steps to reach 7.42 foot-pounds of torque in order to attach to the cylinder head. For later engines, these same bolts should receive 14 foot-pounds of torque to join properly.
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In our pursuit of creating a harmonious and captivating environment for our feathered and finned companions, it is essential to find the perfect balance between aesthetics and functionality. Birdcages and aquariums are not just enclosures; they are homes for our beloved pets. In this comprehensive guide, we'll explore the art of harmonious birdcage and aquarium decor, ensuring that your pets thrive in a visually stunning and well-structured environment.
The Importance of Harmonious Decor
Before delving into the specifics of creating harmonious decor, it's crucial to understand why it matters. Beyond the aesthetic appeal, a well-decorated birdcage or aquarium can significantly impact your pet's overall well-being.
A cluttered or unappealing environment can cause stress in birds and fish, leading to various health issues. By creating a harmonious living space, you provide a sense of security and tranquility for your pets.
Promoting Mental Stimulation
Interactive and engaging decor can help stimulate your pets' minds. This is especially important for birds and fish, as they need mental stimulation to prevent boredom.
We all appreciate beauty, and your pets are no exception. A well-decorated enclosure is a joy to look at and can be a beautiful addition to your living space.
Let's start with creating a harmonious environment for our feathered friends.
Choosing the Right Cage
The foundation of harmonious birdcage decor begins with selecting the appropriate cage. It should provide ample space for your bird to move around, stretch its wings, and engage in various activities.
Perches and Toys
Birds love to perch, and having a variety of perch sizes and types allows your feathered companion to exercise its feet and maintain its overall health. Toys are essential for mental stimulation, so make sure to include toys like swings, mirrors, and puzzle feeders.
Good lighting is essential for both aesthetics and your bird's well-being. Natural light is best, but if that's not possible, use full-spectrum lighting to mimic the sun's effects. It can positively affect your bird's mood and physical health.
Consider a thematic approach to your birdcage decor. Depending on your bird's species, you can create a jungle, beach, or forest-themed cage. This not only looks great but also provides a stimulating environment.
Now, let's dive into creating an inviting space for your aquatic companions.
Selecting the Right Tank
Choosing the appropriate aquarium is the first step in creating a harmonious underwater world for your fish. It should be the right size to accommodate your fish comfortably.
Substrate and Plants
A well-chosen substrate, such as gravel or sand, adds to the aesthetics and provides a surface for beneficial bacteria to grow. Live plants can improve water quality and create a natural habitat for your fish.
Aquascaping is the art of arranging plants, rocks, and decorations within the tank. Creating underwater caves, rock formations, and hiding spots can reduce stress and provide a visually appealing environment.
Filtration and Water Quality
Maintaining proper filtration and water quality is essential. Clean, clear water not only looks better but also ensures your fish's health. Choose an efficient filtration system and perform regular water changes.
Maintenance and Care
No matter how harmonious your decor, it's essential to maintain it for your pets' well-being.
Birdcages and aquariums require regular cleaning to prevent the buildup of waste, which can be harmful to your pets.
Monitoring and Adjusting
Keep a close eye on your pets and their environment. If you notice any signs of stress or health issues, be prepared to adjust the decor or seek professional advice.
By creating a harmonious birdcage and aquarium decor, you provide your pets with a beautiful, engaging, and stress-free home. Your feathered and finned friends will thrive in this enriched environment, and you'll enjoy the aesthetic pleasure it brings to your living space.
The Art of Harmony
Harmony is a balance between elements in design, and achieving it in your birdcage and aquarium decor is an art in itself.
In both birdcage and aquarium decor, color coordination is crucial. The right color palette can create a soothing and visually appealing environment. For birdcages, consider the colors of the perches, toys, and even your bird's plumage when choosing decorations. In aquariums, the colors of the substrate, plants, and decor should complement each other.
Every bird or fish has unique preferences and personality. Pay attention to what they like and adjust the decor accordingly. For birds, if they enjoy climbing, provide more climbing toys. For fish, if they prefer hiding, add more plants or caves.
Establish a regular maintenance schedule to keep your birdcage and aquarium in top shape. Cleaning and replacing decor when needed ensures a consistently inviting environment for your pets.
Creating a Natural Habitat
In both birdcage and aquarium decor, the goal is to create an environment that mimics your pets' natural habitat.
Do thorough research on your bird or fish species. Understand their native environment, behavior, and preferences. This knowledge will guide you in creating an ideal space for them.
Incorporate natural elements that mirror the native habitat. For birds, you can add branches, leaves, and natural wooden toys. For fish, create a setting with rocks, driftwood, and live aquatic plants.
In your quest for harmonious decor, strive to mimic the natural world. Birds should feel like they're in their favorite forest or jungle, while fish should experience the tranquility of their home waters.
The Power of Observation
To truly excel in creating harmonious birdcage and aquarium decor, it's essential to be a keen observer.
Observe your pets' behavior closely. Do they spend more time on specific perches or around certain decorations? This information helps you fine-tune their environment.
Mood and Health
Pay attention to your pets' mood and health. Any signs of distress or illness can often be attributed to their environment. Changes may be necessary to improve their well-being.
Here are six short FAQs with concise answers regarding "Feathers and Fins: A Guide to Harmonious Birdcage and Aquarium Decor
Harmonious decor improves your pet's well-being by reducing stress, promoting mental stimulation, and enhancing the overall aesthetic appeal of their environment.
Select a birdcage that offers ample space for your bird to move, stretch its wings, and provide room for perches and toys.
Essential components include a variety of perches and toys, proper lighting, and thematic decor that suits your bird's species and preferences.
Choose the right-sized tank, utilize suitable substrate and live plants, practice aquascaping, and maintain proper filtration and water quality.
Color coordination enhances the visual appeal of the enclosure, creating a soothing and inviting atmosphere for your pets.
Conduct thorough research on your pet's species, incorporate natural elements like branches, leaves, rocks, and driftwood, and closely mimic the native habitat to create a natural and comfortable setting.
In the world of pet care, the beauty and well-being of your pets should always go hand in hand. By creating harmonious birdcage and aquarium decor, you not only make your pets' lives better but also enhance your own living space.
Remember that harmony is an ongoing journey. Regularly assess and adjust your decor to ensure it remains stimulating and pleasing. Your birds and fish will thrive, and you'll have the joy of sharing your life with them in a space that's as beautiful as it is functional.


History of the Forth
The Forth has a long and varied history, having been used by man since earliest times. On this page, experts tell us about events that have shaped the Forth and its communities.
From earliest times, man and nature have interacted in the Firth of Forth, in recent centuries with largely catastrophic consequences for the natural world. Settlement began on the shore some 10,500 years ago.
The first Mesolithic people were hunter gatherers who lived entirely from what they could find in the wild: Neolithic people who followed them introduced herding, and eventually cultivation, but still depended to a large extent on what they could find, as demonstrated by 6,000 year old middens containing millions of oyster shells, often well inland from the modern shore line of the upper estuary.
Early people, however, lacked the technology to make much of an impact on the biodiversity of the Forth. Probably the first notable modification of nature occurred on the islands in the Middle Ages, when the introduction of sheep and rabbits wiped out the original scrub cover, and the culling of seabirds and their eggs made gulls and puffins a rarity. However, there was still plenty of fish and shellfish to provide a living for the coastal burghs and to feed the towns.
The first bad effects of over-exploitation of these resources were felt in Victorian times, when the immense oyster beds around Edinburgh were wiped out and the Lammas Drave herring fishery, which had supported the East Neuk and East Lothian towns for centuries, was also destroyed by over-fishing. At the same time there was severe pollution from sewage and industrial waste, which was not brought under control until the late twentieth century. Developments in trawling for haddock and cod, and the coming of steam drifters and echo location of the herring shoals off the May, wiped out the remaining fisheries in the Firth of Forth in the twentieth century.
Today nothing is caught commercially except for prawns, a few scallops, crabs and lobsters. On the other hand, the rise of wildlife protection has led to a surge in the numbers of seabirds like puffins and gannets, and grey seals, assisted by the growing quantities of small fish that multiplied when the large ones were fished out. Today the Forth is cleaner than it has been for centuries, but the vast natural resources of the past are unlikely ever to return.
Chris Smout
See T C Smout and Mairi Stewart, The Firth of Forth, an Environmental History (Edinburgh; Birlinn 2012) £14.99
The historic importance of water traffic in the upper reaches of the Firth of Forth cannot be underestimated. For centuries the Inner Forth waterway played host to vessels of various sizes, which carried people, commodities and goods not only to and from Europe and beyond, but also between the north and south shores.
Historically, no less than four official ferry routes operated within the Inner Forth: Cambuskenneth to Stirling; Alloa to South Alloa; Kincardine to Higgins Neuk; and Charlestown to Bo'ness.
The ferry at Alloa was first mentioned in charters dating back to the 14th century. By the early 19th century there was a demand for quicker and more reliable transport between the north and south shores of the Forth, particularly to service the local coal industry and glassworks. This led to debates about whether to build a bridge or invest in a steam ferry. It was the latter option that won in the end, with local investors hopeful that the route would become the 'principal point of communication between north and south Scotland.' The new steam ferry cost the princely sum of £1400, with the upgrading of the piers on either side of the river costing an additional £1000.
In the later 19th century, the demand for even speedier transportation for both people and goods was met by the construction of the Alloa Swing Bridge. Of course, this rail bridge would have reduced the amount of river traffic. In its current state only the vertical stilts remain, posing something of a barrier to navigation.
A bit further down the river, the construction of the Kincardine Bridge in the 1930s further reduced the need for ferry transportation across the river. The ferry between Kincardine and Higgins Neuk had until then been a regular sight for well over a century, with sailings once an hour. Having found the Alloa ferry too expensive, from the 1820s cattle drovers from the Highlands began to make greater use of the crossing route at Kincardine when on their way to the celebrated Falkirk Tryst to sell their black cattle. At key points in the year – namely, August, September and October – the volume of drovers and cattle was such that enterprising local boat owners were able to capitalise by offering passage across the Forth in their sail boats!
Kirsty McAlister
Take a look at the Inner Forth Landscape Initiative website to find out more about projects that are exploring the history of the area.
Falkirk district made a significant contribution to the war effort, often in unexpected ways. At Carriden, near Bo'ness, the firm of Thomson & Balfour made doors and windows. In 1940 it got a contract from the Fairmile Marine Co to build motor launches. It did so well that a further contract was awarded for motor torpedo boats. After launch the vessels were taken the short distance to Bo'ness Dock for fitting with armaments.
The Dock had been taken over by the Navy for the Special Operations Executive with the purpose of training the crews of landing craft. It became a secure area named HMS Stopford. On the other side of the town Satellite Factory Number 1 was constructed to produce petrol cans, including jerry cans, for the army.
A pipeline from Grangemouth provided fuel and the full cans were shipped abroad from Bo'ness Harbour. The refinery had closed for the duration, but the storage facilities were extensively used, notably to supply the navy at Rosyth. Small tankers also made the dangerous east coast journey to London to keep it going at the height of the Blitz. Grangemouth was busy – there was also a mining depot, transit sheds, airfield, docks and dockyard.
The Dockyard built three flower class corvettes and 34 merchant ships (small oil tankers, colliers and large cargo vessels) with a gross tonnage of 53,000 tons. One of the tankers, the Empire Pym, was the first into Cherbourg Harbour after D-Day. Indeed, one fifth of the massive invasion fleet had been through Grangemouth in the preceding two years for repair, conversion or augmentation. At the same time the Dockyard was maintaining the Dutch and British submarine fleet. As well as storing oil and provisions for the ships at Rosyth, Falkirk also had a large temporary munitions depot in an old railway siding at Muiravonside.
The shells were stored in railway wagons and could move at a moment's notice. A safe distance away, over at Letham Moss, was a night decoy for Rosyth. In the event of a heavy bombing raid the peat fires at the decoy were to distract the enemy. For more see the book published by the Falkirk Local History Society in 2013 and appropriately called The Forth Front.
Geoff Bailey
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Miner.farm Crypto Currency Community Forum
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The Satoshi Revolution – Chapter 6: (Crypto) Privacy Prevents Violence and Crime (Segment 1)
 - Staff
 (Crypto) Privacy Prevents Violence and Crime
 The Satoshi Revolution: A Revolution of Rising Expectations.
 Section 2 : The Moral Imperative of Privacy
 Chapter 6: Privacy is a Prerequisite of Human Rights
 by Wendy McElroy
 (Crypto) Privacy Prevents Violence and Crime (Chapter 6, Segment 1)
 Wei Dai
 A February 6, 2018 headline in Reason magazine warned, "Governments Hate Bitcoin and Cash for the Same Reason: They Protect People's Privacy." The ensuing article spun off a quote from U.S. Treasury Secretary, Steve Mnuchin, "One of the things we will be working very closely with the G-20 on is making sure that this doesn't become the Swiss numbered bank accounts." Mnuchin rejects decentralized crypto as payment, investment, or savings systems because it cannot be easily tracked by government.
 Privacy is the battleground upon which cryptocurrency will ultimately rise or fall. The engine of crypto, the blockchain, is founded on the premise of anonymity or pseudonymity. The blockchain was specifically designed to obsolete "trusted third parties," such as central banks, which act as data-collection centers for government.
 Wei Dai and Mnuchin may seem to be polar opposites on privacy, but they are saying much the same thing, although their conclusions are antithetical. Privacy prevents violence.
 For Wei Dai, this is a good thing. Privacy is overwhelmingly positive for individuals because it empowers and protects them against government. Privacy can cloak genuine acts of violence or fraud, of course, just as free speech can promote lies; every tool can be a weapon. More often than not, however, the violence prevented is wielded by government against those who flaunt authority: tax evaders, dissenters, regulation breakers, gray or black marketeers, drug dealers and users. Government punishes scofflaws, whether or not the laws are just or despite the fact that participants consented. To cryptoanarchists, like Wei Dai, no crime has occurred unless a person is injured or property is damaged. The violence occurs when a third party forcibly intervenes between consenting adults or people minding their own business.
 For Mnuchin, privacy's role in preventing violence is a bad thing because he administers government coercion against peaceful individuals. Of course, he does not call it violence; he calls it law enforcement. That doesn't change the fact that government agents are pointing guns at peaceful scofflaws, not at the behest of any participant, but over their objections.
 Otherwise stated: Wei Dai praises privacy for promoting a society of "anything that's peaceful." Mnuchin excoriates privacy for the same reason.
 The ongoing crack-down on privacy is legitimized to the public by the faux claim that only criminals want "concealment." (The Satoshi Revolution debunks this claim in the segment entitled "What Do You Have to Hide? Everything!"
 Defenders of privacy usually give weak-tea arguments. Instead, they should straighten their spines, stand tall, and argue from high ground. The high ground: privacy and human rights are, and always have been, intimately connected concepts that enable individual freedom. Government wants people to abandon privacy because they would be abandoning a powerful threat to its authority.
 Privacy, qua privacy, is so essential to human rights that it is indistinguishable from them.
 The History of Privacy and Rights
 (Here, privacy means "an individual's right to control unrevealed personal data." If someone voluntarily fills out a government form or otherwise broadcasts personal information, then he loses the right and the power to control its future distribution. But unrevealed data can be externally demanded only through violence; people can be coerced into revealing the contents of their mind; homes can be ransacked and computers can be hacked. Crypto-privacy, as epitomized by private keys, is unrevealed information, after which the government hungers.)
 History can be viewed as a long social and intellectual experiment.
 Pretend you are God. You perch attentively above the time-space continuum in order to watch the flow and impact of concepts upon human development through the centuries. The American Revolution feeds into and inspires the French one. The British Empire begins in the 16th century as Britain establishes its first colonies that, in turn, encourage mercantilism; after World War II, what remains of the Empire collapses in the face of independence movements based on an anti-colonialism that favors communism. From the mid-16th century, the British drove the Transatlantic Slave Trade until confronted by anti-slavery voices that said "every human being is a self-owner." History is a laboratory in which the social and political affect of concepts can be charted, including the effect of privacy. Admittedly, the results are not as measurable as those produced by science, but broad outlines and conclusions are clear.
 Arguing from history provides powerful advantages. To those who value facts, concrete examples can be compelling and persuasive. Moreover, drawing on history allows the cryptocurrency community to correct a fatal mistake; namely, it is defensive about privacy, when it should be on the offense because crypto stands on the moral high ground.
 Financial independence is not the place to begin to demonstrate the link between privacy and human rights because anything to do with money arouses immediate cynicism. Money produced by work and through merit is the root of all good; it feeds families, fuels invention, and raises prosperity for all. Wealth from honest effort is to be celebrated, emulated, and protected from looters.
 But money has been demonized as "the root of all evil" by those who never seem reluctant to accept it as donations, payment, taxes, or other forms of theft. The pervasiveness of plunder is a testament to the incredible power of wealth. But plunder must be justified, or else it will be seen to be the outright money-grab it is. Thus, money and anyone who resists the theft of it are demonized as criminals or otherwise morally corrupt.
 A better place to begin to link privacy and human rights is freedom of religion and due process. A pivotal insurrection in the 16th century defined the evolution of both within Western society. It revolved around a person's right to keep his religious beliefs private so they could not be used against him in a court of law. A current version of this right is called "taking the fifth" — invoking the due process right against self-incrimination. Although this mainstay of due process is often portrayed as the last legal recourse of a guilty man, the intended and overwhelming beneficiary is the man in the street who, whether he realizes it or not, is protected against the exercise of arbitrary power.
 The insurrection has background. In 1534, Henry VIII denied papal authority and established the Church of England, which maintained most of the traditional Catholic rites. Thus Protestants, called dissenters, were often tried for heresy; torture commonly accompanied trial. In the late 1530s the Protestant John Lambert was burnt alive for heresy. During his trial Lambert became the first known Englishman to proclaim it was illegal under God and the common law to compel a man to accuse himself. He appealed to the privacy of conscience.
 The right to not bear witness against oneself had precedent in common law, but it was not enforced in English courts until in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth century. Its roots are deep in the history of religious persecution. Courts of the day required a defendant to answer a barrage of questions based on evidence gleaned from witnesses or informants, without informing the accused of the charges being brought. The interrogation aimed at trapping a defendant into a confession. People were tried on mere suspicion and, if found guilty, they were required to name other heretics. Silence was deemed a confession.
 In 1563, John Foxe published the immensely influential Book of Martyrs, which has been called a "libertarian primer" on procedural rights. He argued for the right to remain silent. The right to keep personal information private.
 Famously, the Leveller and libertarian John Lilburne employed Foxe's procedures in 1637, when he was brought before the Court of Star Chamber for circulating Puritan books. Rather than being charged, Lilburne was asked how he pled. Refusing to take the customary oath, he declined to answer questions that bore witness against himself. Lilburne was fined, whipped, pilloried, and sentenced to prison until he complied. While in prison he penned an account of his brutal treatment entitled The Work of the Beast. In 1641, when the much-hated Star Chamber was abolished and the right to remain silent established in religious courts, Lilburne was widely credited.
 Puritans who escaped religious prosecution to the New World carried Lilburne's ideals, even though various colonial courts used torture to elicit confessions and required defendants to testify against themselves. By the time the colonies were states, however, six had clauses in their Constitutions against self-incrimination, and several others verged on including them. The right of a defendant against physical compulsion to speak was established at the national level in the Bill of Rights' Fifth Amendment: "No person … shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself…."
 The right against self-incrimination – the privacy of personal information — lies at the core of


Table of Contents
Search
 1. Preface
 2. Introduction to Dynamic Data Masking
 3. Rules
 4. Connection Rules
 5. Security Rules
 6. Security Rule Set Simulator
 7. Masking Functions
 8. Stored Procedure Result Set Masking
 9. Integration with Informatica Products
 10. XML Functions Reference
 11. Glossary
Importing Connection Rules
Importing Connection Rules
Import connection rules through the Management Console.
 1. In the Management Console, click
 Tree
 Connection Rules
 .
 The
 Rule Editor
 appears.
 2. Click an empty rule folder or the top of the rule tree. Rules that you import appear in the location that you choose.
 3. Click
 Action
 Import
 .
 The
 Import
 window appears.
 4. Browse to the location of the XML file that defines the connection rules that you want to import and double-click the file.
 The rule tree displays the connection rules.
 5. Update the rule tree to save the changes.


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Tectonic hazards/Earthquake simulation
Earthquake simulation is a vibrational input that possesses essential features of a real seismic event. The very first earthquake simulations were performed by statically applying some horizontal inertia forces, based on scaled peak ground accelerations, to a mathematical model of a building. With the further development of computational technologies, static approaches began to give way to dynamic ones.
Dynamic experiments on building and non-building structures may be physical, like shake-table testing, or virtual, or hybrid ones. In all cases, to verify a structure's expected seismic performance, researchers prefer to deal with so called "real time-histories" though the last cannot be "real" for a hypothetical earthquake specified by either a building or by some particular research requirements.
Therefore, there is a strong incentive to engage an earthquake simulation, like, e.g., the earthquake simulating displacement time-history Cone presented on the left.
Earthquake simulations have been widely used in the research supported by The George E. Brown Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES).
Sometimes, earthquake simulation is understood as a re-creation of local effects of a strong ground shaking.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tectonic hazards/Earthquake simulation.|
References[edit | edit source]
- Valentin Shustov (1993), "Base isolation: fresh insight", Technical report to NSF No BCS-_PHONE_.
- Valentin Shustov (2010), "Testing of a New Line of Seismic Base Isolators," _URL_


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A Beautiful Young Mind is a beautiful, beautiful movie. It's a movie which I can switch on any time I want and still feel all the emotions the first time around as strong and feel for the characters just as much.
A Beautiful Young Mind was originally a documentary "Beautiful Young Minds" which portrayed the selection process of the UK for the International Maths Olympiad (IMO); most of the children selected had some form of Autism, which the documentary links to increased mathematical ability. Then, seven years after the documentary, in 2014, Morgan Matthews, the director of the documentary put his head to make this movie, A Beautiful Young Mind, also called "X+Y" in the UK.
A Beautiful Young Mind follows one of the students in the documentary, Daniel Lightwing, who is named as Nathan Ellis in the movie and played by Asa Butterfield.
While the premise of A Beautiful Young Mind comes from maths, its true message is coping. Nathan Ellis coping with his autism and the sudden loss of his father in an accident. His mother, Julie Ellis, portrayed by Sally Hawkins, who must cope with her son's autism, single handedly and the loss of her husband. Then the two of them having to cope with each other, with their relationship solely based on each other's exterior, never truly going through the surface and understanding each other. Leading to Nathan getting angry over at times silly things, such as his food not being perfect and blaming his mother, unable to see her coping to raise him single handedly; Sally on the other hand at times losing her handle over her son's outbursts, but primarily being supportive to him all throughout. Even though she cares for her son, and her son does love her, there is a gap between the two, caused by the death of Nathan's father which Sally desperately tries to overcome.
As much as the movie is about Nathan's autistic life and his confusions and problems, socially and emotionally, and his abilities, it is as much about a parent and their struggles to care for their child and give them the best, no matter what. It's also about Julie, who is a single mother caring for her child the best she can, and trying and trying desperately to get through to her child; never giving up, like all parents.
Then there is Martin Humphreys, Nathan's Maths teacher who teaches him maths and trains him. There is his story about coping with his disability and marijuana addiction and pill addiction and his struggles at coping with his life. And there is Zhang Mei, a Chinese girl Nathan meets at camp and falls in love with. How she must cope with the expectations her family has placed on her to be good at mathematics.
As much as the movie focuses on Nathan, it delves into these characters and shows that life is tough for everybody, not just a person who is autistic or who has a disability. And we always want the best or the people we love, and when somebody loves us, it adds values to us (I didn't create this line. It's from the movie and its delivery is so superb and brilliant, you feel it hit you.).
There is so much this movie teaches you about life. There is poignancy in this movie, from being singular, simple but at the same time uncompromising and avoiding clichéd tropes to make the characters relatable. This is a brilliant movie *Wink*.
This is a terrific movie. So many people going on about so many movies but rarely anybody I talk to has seen this movie; and more often than not, they always confuse this with A Beautiful Mind(I, with utmost frevor and bottom of my heart hatred hate them :D). This is a must watch movie, no matter how kiddish or simple it may seem.


text:
By Ruby Jean Velasquez
Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua, is an omnivorous fish that dwells in the upper North Atlantic Ocean. Referred to as "the beef of the sea," cod became the primary fish sought for after the discovery of Newfoundland by John Cabot in 1497. During the late 16th century, the cod fishing industry soared and the English began vying with the French, Spanish, and Portuguese over the fish trade. Finally, during the 17th century, the English launched their own cod market and became the primary fish suppliers to the Iberian Peninsula and early English colonists. Due to the multiple nations involved in the cod trade, various methods for preserving the fish were created.
During the 17th century, the most common method the English used to preserve fish was referred to as the "Newfoundland" cure, however, other techniques such as brining, or pickling, were also used. The process of the "Newfoundland" cure involved beheading, dressing, splitting, lightly salting, and drying the cod before storage. In contrast, evidence suggests that brining involved soaking the entire cod in brine.
This curing information was then applied to data from the faunal remains found amid the wreckage of Warwick (1619) and Mary Rose (1545). Among Warwick's faunal remains, 15 skeletal elements were identified as Gadus morhua. Of these identified bones, the spine and cranial findings were diagnostic because fish heads and backbones (spines) are usually removed during dressing and splitting. The presence of these bones infer that the cod aboard Warwick were brined. 31,793 fish bones were found aboard Mary Rose and over 90% of these bones were identified as Atlantic cod; however, unlike Warwick, no cranial specimens were found and 149 of the cod bones showed butchery marks, which are indicative of beheading and splitting the fish. The butchery marks suggest that the fish aboard Mary Rose underwent the "Newfoundland" cure, while Warwick's cod were brined. It is possible that due to high humidity on ships, and the lack of opportunities for restocking on lengthy transatlantic voyages, the brined cod was preferable for stocking ships undergoing such journeys compared to naval ships that usually stayed close to European coasts.
Unfortunately, the sample sized used here is too small. More historical accounts and archaeological evidence are needed to form a definitive explanation as to why each method was utilized.


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DATA SCIENTIST at Epsilon
In this role, you will research and develop new enhancements to Conversant's award-winning Conversant One-to-One Relationship Engine, with the aim of enhancing data-based capabilities for Conversant's real-time digital marketing business.
Conversant analyzes anonymized, privacy-safe data at internet scale. We handle 200B+ of online interactions a day and have $3.8 trillion in multichannel purchases in our database. The Decision Sciences group is a collaborative R&D team that continually enhances Conversant's award-winning personalization platform through a combination of data science, machine learning, AI, computer science, and more.
Our colleagues love the fast-paced, dynamic work environment, the speed with which we translate research to business impact, the opportunity to continually learn new knowledge and skills, the internal research seminars, the external training opportunities, and the excellent work-life balance our culture promotes.
We prioritize talent and potential over having closely similar prior experience. If using internet scale data to drive business impact excites you, we want to talk to you.
- Conduct projects end-to-end from early stage research through development, in consultation with stakeholders.
- Use your expertise in data science and/or computer science to research and recommend solutions to our technology and business problems.
- Provide technology leadership to yield innovative differentiating solutions.
- Develop an understanding of Conversant's personalization platform and proprietary datasets.
- Implement and optimize state of the art algorithms in distributed environments.
- Work with our Engineering teams to integrate your solutions into Conversant's platform.
- Participate fully in our collaborative approach to research and applications projects.
- Graduate degree, Ph.D. preferred, in a computational, mathematical, engineering, or scientific field.
- Research experience in a computational area such as data science, computer science, machine learning, artificial intelligence, statistics, probabilistic modeling, or graph algorithms.
- Analytic and modeling skills.
- Verbal and written communication skills, including the ability to summarize technically complex information for a non-technical audience.
ADDITIONAL DESIRABLE BUT NOT REQUIRED SKILLS
- Experience with distributed computing.
- Demonstrated proficiency working with business and technical teams to integrate algorithms into product platforms on large data sets.


CRLs before they are needed for revocation checking allowing the client to check revocation against locally downloaded CRLs instead of having to download a CRL during the Certificate Validation and Certificate Revocation process.
A Certificate used to establish a trust relationship between two Certification Authorities. Authorities in separate forests with two one-way trusts established.
Cross Certification
Cross certification enables entities in one public key infrastructure (PKI) to trust entities in another PKI and establish an agreement of responsibilities and liability of each party. This doesn't join separate PKI hierarchies however, entities in each PKI are subject to the policies specified in the certificates.
CSP - Crypto Service Provider
Crypto Service Providers are typically a.dll and signature file referenced in the registry and provide cryptography services used in data signing and hashing along with the generation, protection, and storage of key material.
CSR - Certificate Signing Request
A Certificate Signing Request (CSR) (PKCS#10) is a request file sent to a Certificate Authority (CA) to receive a certificate and contains information about the subject making the request, the subject's public key, a set of attributes, a set of X.509 extensions, and a signature. These can be generated on non-Windows devices and by using OpenSSL or a method using CMP (Certificate Management Protocol).
CTL - Certificate Trust List
A Certificate Trust List is a set of items signed by a trusted entity. A CTL is a list of hashes of certificates or a list of file names. All the items in the list are authenticated and approved by a trusted signing entity.
Delta CRL
A Delta CRL contains the list of revoked certificates since the last base CRL issuance to allow clients to maintain knowledge of revocation while using less bandwidth for that knowledge. Delta CRLs are useful if there's a lot of revocation happening that then means a large CRL to download, but less often. The disadvantages of using Delta CRLs include the time it takes for a client to read both the newest Delta CRL and the Base CRL to verify the freshest revocation list. For these reasons, we don't recommend employing Delta CRLs in most PKI implementations.
DER - Distinguished Encoding Rules
DER is a set of rules for encoding ASN.1 defined data as a stream of bits for external storage or transmission. DER-encoded certificate files are supported by almost all applications. OpenSSL and Keytool support DER-encoded certificate files.
DES - Data Encryption Standard
DES is a block cipher that encrypts data in 64-bit blocks. DES is a symmetric algorithm that uses the same algorithm and key for encryption and decryption.
Diffie-Hellman Key Agreement
The Diffie-Hellman algorithm is not based on encryption and decryption but instead relies on mathematical functions using an agreed-upon public key value and a large prime number that, when computed with their secret (private) keys, enable two parties to generate a shared secret key for exchanging information securely.
Digital Certificate
A digital certificate represents the identity of a user, computer, or program. It contains information about the issuer and the subject and also certificate-specific data such as the CA signature and its validity period. It is signed by a certification authority (CA) which vouches for the identity of the user, computer, or program based on the information in the certificate. A minimum of verified information includes Subject Name identity, the issuing authority, and validity period.
Digital Signature
A digital signature is a cryptographic technique that uses a mathematical algorithm that binds a sender's identity to a digital message or document based on a subscriber's private key. It secures the message or document and verifies the integrity of the signature allowing a Relying Party to be sure that the file or document has not been altered or interfered with.
DN - Distinguished Name
A DN is a unique name or character string that unambiguously identifies an entity according to the hierarchical naming conventions of X.500 directory service. Examples are:
 - CN - Common name, subject name (widgets.
 - O - Organization (
 - S - State (Illinois)
 - C - Country (US)
Document Signing
Document signing applies a digital signature to a document. The digital signature provides nonrepudiation where someone can't deny later that they ever signed it. Also, it denies the ability to fake a valid signature.
The digital signature:
 - Verifies the identity of the user that signed the document. Typically, this is either the last person to edit the document before distribution or the person that verifies that the content represents the views of the organization distributing the document.
 - Allows a recipient to verify that content of the document was not modified after the digital signature was applied to the document.
DSA - Digital Signature Algorithm
DSA is a public key algorithm specified by Digital Signature Standard (DSS). DSA is only used to generate digital signatures and cannot be used for data encryption. It does provide a standard used for authentication and integrity of a digital signature as well as non-repudiation where someone can't later deny having signed a document using a digital signature.
ECC - Elliptic Curve Cryptography
Elliptic Curve Cryptography is an efficient approach to public key cryptography based on the properties of elliptic curves. The primary advantage of ECC is efficiency. For example, ECC keys between 163 bits and 512 bits are one-sixth to one-thirtieth the size of equivalent RSA keys. As key size increases the efficiency of ECC increases.
ECDH - Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman
ECDH is based on the Diffie-Hellman algorithm using elliptic curve cryptography to establish a shared secret over an insecure channel or network.
ECDSA - Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm
ECDSA is a Digital Signature Algorithm that uses keys derived from elliptic curve cryptography that efficiently provides equivalent security. It provides RSA-level security but with much smaller key sizes. For example, an ECDSA 256-bit key size secures better than the RSA 2048. The decreased bandwidth in key exchanges is an obvious advantage of ECDSA.
EFS - Encrypting File System
Encrypting File System is a feature in the Windows operating system that enables users to encrypt files and folders on an NTFS volume disk. A PKI can manage EFS with EFS certificate templates.
EKU - Enhanced Key Usage
Enhanced Key Usage is both a certificate extension and a certificate extended property value. After a computer's identity, for example, is verifiable by an issued certificate an EKU specifies the uses for which a certificate is valid.
Examples are:
 - Server Authentication =
 - Client Authentication =
 - Secure E-mail EKU=
 - Code Signing EKU=
 - Time stamping EKU=
 - Encrypting File System EKU=
 - Document Signing EKU=
A certificate issued to an entity that cannot itself issue certificates. Because the entity that requests such a certificate is sometimes referred to as the client, end-entity certificates are sometimes called client certificates.
EV – Extended Validation Certificate
An EV certificate used for HTTPS websites and software that proves the legal entity controlling the website or software package.
FIPS - Federal Information Processing Standard
FIPS is a standard published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. FIPS 140-2 is the benchmark for validating the effectiveness of cryptographic hardware.
Hash or Message Digest
A fixed-size result obtained by applying a mathematical function (the hashing algorithm) to an arbitrary amount of data.
Hash Algorithm
An algorithm used to produce a fixed-length hash value of some piece of data, such as a message or session key. Typical hashing algorithms include CMAC, MD2, MD4, MD5, SHA-1, and SHA-2.
HSM - Hardware Security Module
A hardware security module is a physical computing device that safeguards and manages digital keys for strong authentication and provides cryptographic operations processing. They are typically certified for physical security at various FIPS 140-2 security levels. HSMs are recommended in most PKI implementations since the CA private keys are not software-based and thus insecure, but instead are hardware-based and only available from within the HSM itself.
HTTPS - Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
A communication protocol that uses the HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and the SSL/TLS protocols to provide encrypted communication and secure identification of a Web server.
Identity Assurance
There are three main methods to provide the assurance of the identity of an authorized user.
They are:
 - Something that the user knows (e.g. password),
 - Something that the user possesses (e.g. a token) or
 - Something that the individual "is" (e.g. biometrics such as a fingerprint reader.)
Intermediate CA
An intermediate CA is a CA that is subordinate to another CA and issues certificates to other CAs in the CA hierarchy. These can be Issuing CAs and Policy CAs depending on the PKI design.
Issuance is the act of an Issuing Authority in creating a certificate that is bound to a subscriber. The process requires authentication of the subscriber and/or subject.
Issuing Certification Authority
An Issuing CA is online and issues certificates to users, computers, services, and programs as well as regularly publishing a CRL. It also manages the design and publication of templates that enforce policies and procedures defined either at the Issuing CA (two-tier hierarchy) or from the Policy CA (three-tier hierarchy). An Issuing CA also services Certificate Authority Web Enrollment, NDES, CEP/CES, and others in the enrollment and distribution of certificates in a PKI or to another PKI using cross-certification, for example.
Kerberos is a protocol that defines how clients interact with a network authentication service and builds on symmetric key cryptography and optionally may use public-key cryptography during certain phases of authentication.


standard icon
Color Meaning: Meaning of The Color Brown
Brown, the color of earth, wood, stone, wholesomeness, reliability, elegance, security, healing, home, grounding, foundations, stability, warmth, and honesty, is a natural, neutral color that is typically associated with the seasons of fall and winter.
The color brown is a warm color that stimulates the appetite. While it is sometimes considered dull, it also represents steadfastness, simplicity, friendliness, dependability, and health.
Shades of brown when combined with green create a palette often used to convey concepts of recycling, earth-friendly, or all natural. Dark brown can be used in place of black and brings warmth to color palettes.
The brown color says stability, reliability, dependability, and approachability. It is the color of our soil, growth, fertility, and earth, and it is associated the concepts of "all natural" and "organic." Brown is the color of the Earth and is comforting and nurturing.
The color brown affects the mind and body by creating feelings of wholesomeness, stability, and peace. Brown provides feelings of organization, history, and connection, as well as cozy feelings of relaxation and warmth.
Brown is believed to help create a wholesome feeling, a connection with the earth, and a sense of orderliness and convention. Brown is a stable and grounded color that is believed to help you feel like you fit in and belong.
Other meanings associated with the color brown:
 - The term "brown bottle" refers to a bottle of beer.
 - To "brown" something is to cook or burn it.
 - The saying "brown-nose" refers to someone who sucks up, or kisses butt to someone of authority.
 - The phrase "brown study" is used to describe someone who is aloof, indifferent.
 - The expression "brown out" refers to a partial loss of service.
Additional words that represent different shades, tints, and values of the color brown: sienna, bay, sand, wood, dapple, auburn, chestnut, nut-brown, cinnamon, russet, tawny, chocolate, tan, brunette, fawn, liver-colored, mahogany, oak, bronze, terra-cotta, toast, umber, cocoa, coffee, copper, ecru, ginger, hazel, khaki, ochre, puce, snuff-colored.
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text:
Your estimates are not scale invariant, so I am trying to guess what you want from the picture.
A closed geodesic cuts your surface into two discs. Both have geodesic as a boundary, positive curvature and area $\le$ than area of your original surface. If geodesic is long, then (with the intrinsic metric) these discs look almost like segments. It has to have curvature near $\pi$ in concentrated form near the ends.
Thus if long geodesic exist then almost all curvature can be covered by 4 fingers on your surface...
- you can not have it if Gauss curvature $\ge 1$. (in In this case you can still have long shapes).shapes: say a doubling of a slice of unit shpere between meridians can be embedded into $\mathbb R^3$ as a convex surface, one can smooth singularities on the poles.)
- you can not have it on a polyhedral surface with more than 4 vertexes. If you have it for an arbitrary long simple geodesics on the surface of tetrahedral, the sum of angles around the vertexes each vertex has to be $=\pi$.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The dog story2 min read . Updated: 10 Sep 2007, 11:34 AM IST
The dog story
The dog story
Osama Tezuka is to comics what Henry Fielding is to the English novel. Tezuka, who died in 1989, was the father of manga. The medium's clean lines, portrayal of sex and violence and its proclivity to adorn characters with large eyes and small noses are all inherited from Tezuka. Some people claim that Tezuka himself was inspired to do this (give characters big eyes) by Walt Disney's portrayal of characters such as Bambi. From Bambi to Astro Boy and Atom (both Tezuka creations) to Pokemon that became as much a craze in the US as in India, things came full circle almost a decade ago.
Tezuka's eight volume retelling of the story of the Buddha is representative of the man's art.
There's more to Tezuka, though, than his clean lines (usually in black and white) and uncluttered images.
This edition of CF isn't about Astro Boy, Buddha or Apollo's Song, though. It is about an unwieldy 822-page English language version of what this columnist considers Tezuka's greatest work: Ode to Kirihito.
At one level, Ode to Kirihito is about a mysterious disease that converts people into dog-like creatures—the ensuing bone damage results in death. It is about the search for the cause of this disease (this being set in Japan, the cause ends up being not a pathogen but something in the water that affects the pituitary gland).
Kirihito Osanai, after whom the book is named, is a young doctor who is sent to the village where most of the people afflicted with the disease come from; he contracts the disease himself, but discovers its cause in time to arrest further deterioration in his condition. But he has the face of a dog. Sold into slavery and taken to Taiwan, he escapes and, after a series of adventures (or travails, since most of them end badly for him), comes back to Japan.
Some of Tezuka's finest brush work can be seen in Ode to Kirihito, especially in panels that display the internal conflicts of characters such as Kirihito's friend Urabe, who is given to strange impulses. Much of the book is also extremely dystopian. Yet, in some ways, Ode To...is among the most 'human' of Tezuka's works.
It is a graphic novel equivalent of Pilgrim's Progress, replete with religious symbolism (Kirihito, I am told, is the Japanese name for Christ). Kirihito suffers his way through the book but, in the end, he overcomes everything. Man becomes dog and stays that, but ends up more human than the people around him. Tales of redemption don't come any better. Write to Sukumar at _EMAIL_


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Page Object Model (POM)
Page Object Model (POM) in Test Automation
We got familiarized with TestCafe, an automation tool for web-based applications, in one of our earlier blogs. In this article we will see what Page Object Model (POM) is for TestCafe, its advantages and how to create a basic framework.
What is Page Object Model (POM)?
Page Object Model is a design pattern which is commonly used in Test Automation to enhance test maintenance and reduce code duplication. It helps in building an Object Repository for Web UI elements, which boosts the readability of your tests too.
In a Page Object Model, each page in the web application contains a corresponding Page Class which comprises the Web Elements and the Methods which operate on those Web Elements.
Page Object Model
Why do we need Page Object Model?
For better understanding of this, let us take the example of the home page of a web application, which has a menu bar leading to different modules with different features. Suppose a developer changes an element such as ID/NAME/CLASS, on this, which is being used in multiple test scripts. This leads to a condition where you need to remember to change the location in all the fields where it is being used. Updating the locators in a duplicated code can be a time consuming and a tedious job, and can be subject to omissions, which may lead to errors. This is one major reason why we use POM. It helps in making the code more readable, maintainable and reusable.
How to create POM Framework using TestCafe?
Implementing your own POM framework is quite easy now. Let us discuss bit-by-bit on how to implement your own POM using TestCafe. Here we are using Visual Studio Code to write scripts. You can download it by going to the following link.
Throughout this tutorial article, we will be using the demo website, "_URL_ as an example.
Let's get started
- Install Node – explained in the previous article _URL_
- Create a Project Folder and open the Project Folder in Visual Studio Code
1. Initialize project.json
In package.json file, we can store information about the project such as name, version, description, scripts, dependencies, git repository links, etc.
To initialize project.json file, type "npm init" command either in VS integrated terminal or any external terminal. It will prompt you to a set of questions about project, just fill it if required or just hit Enter. At the end, it will prompt – "Is this OK? (yes)". Type "yes".
This will create a project.json file inside your Project Folder. You can find the screenshots of the same below.
2. Install dependencies
The dependency in our project is TestCafe. Install your dependency locally to your project by executing the command "npm install testcafe".
This will create a node modules folder, which contains node modules with respect to TestCafe. You can see that the dependency of TestCafe with version will be added in package.json file.
3. Create a Folder "Page" and create a "LoginPage.js" file under it
4. Declare a Page Object Class in "LoginPage.js" file
This class will contain all the element locators and methods of Login Page. Hence name it as LoginPage.js.
5. Add Page elements to the Page Model
Go to "_URL_ right-click on email address text field and click on Inspect. Then Elements Panel will be displayed, and the element will be highlighted in the DOM. Mostly, an element can be uniquely identified by using its classname, id, value withText or xpaths. Now in this example, the unique locator to identify web element email address is "id = email". Hence you can use it as "emailId = Selector(_TAG_);"
Similarly, unique locator for other two elements are also found.
Now, you must be wondering what is this "Selector" that has been used in the above step.
Selector in TestCafe
A Selector is a function in TestCafe that identifies a webpage element in the test. Import the Selector constructor from the TestCafe module. With the help of Selector, you can store the web element in a variable and perform actions on these elements.
6. Create a Folder "Test", with a subfolder "login" and create "login_test.js" file under it
Under "Test" folder, test scripts related to each module should be separated by their module name. For example, in this case, login test cases will be included in "login_test.js", which is under login folder. Similarly, if there is a register module, then create a separate folder called "Register" under "Test" folder and write test script related to register module in "register_test.js" file. This ensures that the test cases are categorized with respect to the modules.
7. Write Test Script that uses Page Model elements
a. In the test file, import the page model instance from LoginPage.js. Then create an object of that page "const loginPage = new LoginPage()", and now you will be able to use locators or methods defined in LoginPage.js file by using "loginPage" object.
Declare a test fixture by using fixture function – you can specify the description of the test as "fixture 'TestCafe Framework'", URL of the webpage with keyword as ".page '_URL_ The metadata, initialization and clean-up code for tests can be included in the fixture using test hooks like beforeEach, afterEach etc.
b. To create a test, use keyword test(), where we can specify all TestCafe actions.
Each test() has its own description – in this case it is, "Login Test"
test('Login Test', async t => {
 //test code goes here
The "t" used in the above code is a test controller, you can use any name you want but the general convention is to use "t".
In the screenshot, you can see that we have used await t.typeText('Selector', 'text'); it means that we are asking the test controller to use typeText function.
Screenshot of how to import page model instance, create an object, declare a fixture and write your tests and actions
8. Add Actions to the Page Model, i.e., add common methods that is used by login_test.js file
LoginPage.js with login (email, password) function
In this case, Line 12, 13 and 14 constitute an operation that can be used in most of the test cases to log in to the application with different inputs. Hence, a login function is defined with email and password as parameters in LoginPage.js file.
The image below shows how to access or call "login" function from "login_test.js".
Line 11, Calling login function by passing parameters from Login_test.js
9. Create a config.js file
Example which demonstrates how to define config file
Line 8, 12 shows how to read data from config.js file
Configuration files are mainly used to store Global fields that are used throughout the tests or even database configuration details. It is mainly used to maintain project configuration data, database config, project settings etc. Each parameter in config file is stored in a key and value format, where each line has a single key-value pair.
10. Create a data folder to store data related to specific tests/pages
Create a new folder called "data" and create a new file under it and name it as "login.js". Files under data folder should contain test data that will be utilized by your login test scripts such as valid login credentials, invalid login credentials, success messages, error messages etc.
The main purpose of this is to avoid hard coded values. Data sets increases test coverage by performing testing with various inputs of valid and invalid data, with all the data easily maintained at a single location.
Line 21 and 23 shows the usage of test data in login_test.js
Login.js file should contain all the test data that will be used by your login test scripts.
11. Create a common helper function file to store functions used by all your test modules/pages
Create a folder and name it as "common" and create a file under it with name "helperFunction.js".
There may be functions which can be used by more than one test script. Thus, these methods are grouped together in a file called "helperFunction.js". The following images depict how the test script can access these common methods by importing them into the test file.
Define all the common functions used throughout your test
Line 4, 20, 21, 23 shows usage of common helper functions from login_test.js file
Done! You have successfully completed creating your own POM framework.
Your final folder structure should look something like this,
POM Summary
POM model approach makes test automation framework programmer friendly by keeping tests and the element locators separate. This keeps the code clean and understandable. The result is that test cases can easily be implemented, updated, maintained and reused.
We hope, with this information you will be able to easily create your own POM framework for your project. Stay tuned for more. Happy testing!!!
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text:
NOVEL TECHNOLOGY FOR RENEWABLE RESOURCE UTILIZATION
Location: Renewable Product Technology Research Unit
Title: Soybean oil and methyl oleate adsorption onto a steel surface investigated using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring and atomic force microscopy**1
Submitted to: Meeting Abstract
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: May 10, 2012
Publication Date: May 10, 2012
Citation: Evans, K.O., Biresaw, G. 2012. Soybean oil and methyl oleate adsorption onto a steel surface investigated using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring and atomic force microscopy**1 [abstract]. Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers. Paper _TAG_.
The United States' 2010 annual production of soybean oil exceeded 8 million metric tons, making a significant vegetable oil surplus available for new uses, particularly as a lubricant. Investigation of soybean oil and methyl oleate adsorption onto steel using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring revealed that both adsorbed as rigid films with nearly the same surface concentration. Further analysis revealed that the films formed with individual molecules tilted toward the surface. Atomic force microscopy also revealed that methyl oleate adsorbed with periodicity of alignment on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite.
More and more recent research has been focused on renewable sources such as vegetable oils as lubricants. This interest is a result of the global environmental concerns about the continued use of petroleum products. Vegetable oils are abundant, biodegradable, and environmentally friendly. Typically liquid at room temperature, vegetable oils have low volatility and a narrow temperature range for viscosity changes. Therefore, vegetable oils can be treated as functional fluids and thus can be studied as lubricant base oils or additives. The amphiphilic properties of triacylglycerides (TAGs), the major component of most vegetable oils, affect the boundary lubrication of vegetable oils. However, understanding the fluid and boundary characteristics of vegetable oils is required to fully understand their tribological properties.
Boundary characteristics of vegetable oils can be better understood by exploring adsorption properties of the oils. Adsorption, occurring mainly through polar groups of vegetable oil, can be monitored using the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCMD) technique. QCMD measures changes in thin film deposition on an oscillating surface by simultaneously monitoring frequency shifts (delta f) in the resonating surface and changes in the dissipation of the oscillations (delta D). Structural properties may be monitored using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Previously it was shown that the chemical properties of a vegetable oil affected its free energy of adsorption (delta Gads) on steel. These studies, however, did not provide any information about the adsorption behavior of these oils onto the steel surface. Thus, the objective of this work is to use QCMD and AFM to investigate structural and absorption behavior of two previously studied oils, soybean oil and methyl oleate, onto steel.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Soybean oil over the concentration range of 1 to 200 mM was monitored for adsorption onto stainless steel using QCMD. As figure 1 depict, soybean oil exhibited rapid adsorption in hexadecane. The frequency shifts (delta F) exhibited a large decrease with the introduction of increasing concentration of soybean oil, followed by an increase in frequency with a subsequent rinse with hexadecane. Dissipation shifts exhibited rapid increases with increasing soybean concentrations followed by reduction after rinsing. These frequency and dissipation changes are indicative of increasing bulk viscoelastic properties of the material. After the subsequent rinsing with hexadecane, soybean oil was permanently bound to the steel (as depicted by frequency shifts lower than the pre-injection values). Dissipation values remained well within those taken for adsorbing thin, rigid films (delta D = 1e-6). Methyl oleate exhibited similar behavior.
Rodahl and Kasemo(1996) detailed thin film adsorption to have a linear relationship with frequency shifts assuming that the adsorbed mass is small compared to the crystal, the adsorbed mass is rigidly bound and not slipping, and is distributed evenly over the surface. For soybean oil and methyl oleate above 100 mM, the delta F values after hexadecane rinsing remained constant. This was interpreted as full surface coverage by soybean oil and methyl oleate equal to a maximum adsorbed mass of 130 and 50 ng/cm2, respectively. Further analysis suggests that soybean oil orients with its acyl chains perpendicular to the surface and methyl oleate orients parallel to the surface.
Surface properties of methyl oleate were explored using AFM on highly-ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). Analysis revealed that the flat surface developed a roughness of 0.12nm and peak-to-peak features of approximately 1 nm tall. This was also the characteristic behavior on mica. Comparison with self-assembled monolayers and oils on metal surfaces indicates that soybean oil orients similar to other hydrocarbons. The angle of adsorption (gleaned from thickness analysis) suggest that soybean packs as a disordered liquid. Thickness analysis suggests that methyl oleate orients in a head-to-head/tail-to-tail orientation, similar to the orientation expected for oleic acid on a surface. Further analysis done by comparing dissipation changes versus frequency shifts (which explicitly removes time and emphasizes energy associated with adsorbed mass) showed no slope change. This indicates that structural arrangements of both soybean oil and methyl oleate occurred instantaneously.


Valuation rings of function fields#
A valuation ring of a function field is associated with a place of the function field. The valuation ring consists of all elements of the function field that have nonnegative valuation at the place.
EXAMPLES:
sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(2)); _.<Y> = K[]
sage: L.<y> = K.extension(Y^2 + Y + x + 1/x)
sage: p = L.places_finite()[0]
sage: p
Place (x, x*y)
sage: R = p.valuation_ring()
sage: R
Valuation ring at Place (x, x*y)
sage: R.place() == p
True
Thus any nonzero element or its inverse of the function field lies in the valuation ring, as shown in the following example:
sage: f = y/(1+y)
sage: f in R
True
sage: f not in R
False
sage: f.valuation(p)
0
The residue field at the place is defined as the quotient ring of the valuation ring modulo its unique maximal ideal. The method residue_field() of the valuation ring returns an extension field of the constant base field, isomorphic to the residue field, along with lifting and evaluation homomorphisms:
sage: k,phi,psi = R.residue_field()
sage: k
Finite Field of size 2
sage: phi
Ring morphism:
 From: Finite Field of size 2
 To: Valuation ring at Place (x, x*y)
sage: psi
Ring morphism:
 From: Valuation ring at Place (x, x*y)
 To: Finite Field of size 2
sage: psi(f) in k
True
AUTHORS:
 - Kwankyu Lee (2017-04-30): initial version
class sage.rings.function_field.valuation_ring.FunctionFieldValuationRing(field, place, category=None)#
Bases: UniqueRepresentation, Parent
Base class for valuation rings of function fields.
INPUT:
 - field – function field
 - place – place of the function field
EXAMPLES:
sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(2)); _.<Y> = K[]
sage: L.<y> = K.extension(Y^2 + Y + x + 1/x)
sage: p = L.places_finite()[0]
sage: p.valuation_ring()
Valuation ring at Place (x, x*y)
place()#
Return the place associated with the valuation ring.
EXAMPLES:
sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(2)); _.<Y> = K[]
sage: L.<y> = K.extension(Y^2 + Y + x + 1/x)
sage: p = L.places_finite()[0]
sage: R = p.valuation_ring()
sage: p == R.place()
True
residue_field(name=None)#
Return the residue field of the valuation ring together with the maps from and to it.
INPUT:
 - name – string; name of the generator of the field
OUTPUT:
 - a field isomorphic to the residue field
 - a ring homomorphism from the valuation ring to the field
 - a ring homomorphism from the field to the valuation ring
EXAMPLES:
sage: K.<x> = FunctionField(GF(2)); _.<Y> = K[]
sage: L.<y> = K.extension(Y^2 + Y + x + 1/x)
sage: p = L.places_finite()[0]
sage: R = p.valuation_ring()
sage: k, fr_k, to_k = R.residue_field()
sage: k
Finite Field of size 2
sage: fr_k
Ring morphism:
 From: Finite Field of size 2
 To: Valuation ring at Place (x, x*y)
sage: to_k
Ring morphism:
 From: Valuation ring at Place (x, x*y)
 To: Finite Field of size 2
sage: to_k(1/y)
0
sage: to_k(y/(1+y))
1


text:
Current Restoration Project
In 2016, FWRI researchers began a 10-year project to restore bay scallops to self-sustaining levels in Florida's Panhandle. The project is funded by restoration money set aside after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and is intended to increase recreational fishing opportunities in the Florida Panhandle. The goal of the project is to both increase depleted scallop populations in some bays, and reintroduce scallops in other suitable areas from which scallops have disappeared. Restoration efforts are focused on coastal estuaries within the Florida Panhandle that have been divided into 5 regions, as shown on the map.
FWRI scientists are using a 3-pronged approach to enhance bay scallop populations within targeted restoration areas in the Florida Panhandle:
- Install cages holding groups of 50 adult bay scallops
Since the project began, FWRI scientists have worked with community members in Port St. Joe to collect scallops prior to the opening of the scallop season and place them in cages in an exclusion zone in St. Joseph Bay that is protected from harvest. In addition, every year adult scallops are transported from St. Joseph Bay to a hatchery which then provides scientists with juvenile scallops the following year. There are currently about 50 cages holding both wild and hatchery-produced scallops in an exclusion zone in St. Joseph Bay. Placing scallops in cages protects them from predators and scalloping humans while also increasing the likelihood that scallops will successfully produce offspring during spawning season. In addition, FWRI scientists are currently asking the communities around St. Joseph and St. Andrew Bays to help restore scallops. If you are a member of these communities and you are interested in helping to restore scallops in these bays, you can help by volunteering to become a 'scallop-sitter'.
- Release of hatchery-reared bay scallop larvae
Scientists work with a commercial hatchery to spawn adult scallops collected from Florida waters. Bay scallop larvae will then be collected from the hatchery and released into the areas targeted for restoration. Bay scallop larvae are typically vulnerable to predation, starvation, and may drift away from ideal settlement areas. This process will help to increase the number of larvae that survive to settle and eventually develop into adults.
- Release of hatchery-reared or naturally-harvested juvenile bay scallops (spat)
Some bay scallop larvae from the hatchery will be held until they develop into juveniles. These juvenile bay scallops, or spat, will then be released into areas with low densities of bay scallops. Researchers will also collect juvenile scallops using settlement collectors (described in the "Juvenile Monitoring" section). The spat from the underwater collectors will also be released into areas targeted for restoration. This process could potentially reduce predation pressure on small scallops until a minimum size of ~25mm is achieved.
Evaluating harvest of bay scallops
The recreational harvest of bay scallops will be assessed by FWRI researchers to help them evaluate harvest pressure and the population size of bay scallops in the Florida Panhandle. The scientists will use 2 primary methods during the 3-month recreational harvesting season to evaluate recreational use:
Scientists will count boats in areas open to bay scallop harvest by conducting both aerial surveys and visual surveys on the water. Additionally, researchers will count trailers in the parking lots of marinas near areas open to bay scallop harvest.
- Surveys of scallopers
Surveying scallopers will help FWRI scientists understand how many people are able to enjoy the experience of scalloping in Florida. Reports by scallopers will also help biologists generate population models and identify long-term trends. Scientists will use shore-based surveys, which are conducted at the dock as people come back after a day of scalloping. They will also use online surveys to make public participation as easy as possible.
How will FWRI scientists know if these restoration efforts work to help enhance bay scallop populations in the Panhandle?
Researchers will need to continually monitor bay scallop populations within the Florida Panhandle to determine whether their restoration efforts are succeeding. They will monitor both adult and juvenile bay scallops in the targeted restoration regions using two different methods. To check on the status of adult bay scallop populations, researchers conduct annual swimming surveys in the seagrass areas in which bay scallops are typically found. They will use the same methods described in the "Population Monitoring" to determine the abundance, distribution, and resilience of bay scallop populations in the restoration areas. Juvenile scallops will be monitored monthly using the settlement collectors described in the "Juvenile Monitoring". This will enable scientists to measure recruitment rates and the health of bay scallop populations.


Hi all,
I am trying to drill deeper into Flash player IOError handling in AS3, in
order to distinguish different types of load failures when loading child
swfs and data into a parent swf. For instance, I need to know, and react
differently to, loads errors where the file is missing altogether vs. loads
where severe network congestion mid-load interrupts a load after a part of
the file has been received.
Can anyone offer some deeper information on exactly what initial
condition(s) triggers an IOError event? Is it time-based (no bytes loaded in
N ms), a reaction to a server response, something else? I've been googling
and reading through Adobe docs all morning and haven't seen anything deeper
than the often repeated, but largely unhelpful Adobe line: "FlashR Player
dispatches an IOErrorEvent object when an error causes a send or load
operation to fail." I'm looking for more depth than that. A definition of
"error" and the criteria used to decide the load was a failure, for
instance, would be a good start.
Any info. or directions to look would be greatly appreciated.
Flashcoders mailing list
Reply via email to


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Receive IPV6 or IPV4 based Data Using C#
, 27 Apr 2014
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Receive IPV6 or IPV4 based data using TcpListener
Introduction
IPV6 means Internet Protocol Version 6. This is the latest communication protocol that provides identification and location for computer or devices on network and routes traffic across internet.
IPV4 means Internet Protocol Version 4. This is most successful using protocol on network.
Example for IPV6 Address is fe80:cft7:b16:2817:b24a:1dd7
Example for IPV4 Address is xxx.xxx.xxx.47
Background
First, I wrote code to receive IPv4 data using TCPListener. We found one issue that our code was not able to pick IPv6 data. Then I did a small R&D and found that to receive IPv6 we have to use TCPListener with address type IPV6.
IPV6 vs IPV4
IPV4 address is a 32 bit numeric address written in decimal and four numbers separated by dot.
For example: 1.67.87.33
IPV6 address is a 128 bit written in hexadecimal and separated by colon.
For example: fe80:cft7:b16:2817:b24a:1dd7
To know more about IPV6 and IPV4, please refer to IPv6 vs IPv4.
Using the Code
I have used System.Net.Sockets.TcpListener for receiving data. Here, TCP listener is monitoring to the 95 port. Thread is used to pick data in Asynchronous manner.
 int portno = 95

 tcplistIpv6 = new TcpListener(IPAddress.IPv6Any, portno);
 tcplistIPV4 = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Any, portno);
 listenThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(listeningToclients));
 listenThread.Start();
Next, expose a method namely listeningToclients. Below is the sample code to start TCP Listener and monitor the port for IPV6 /IPvV 4 data.
 //listener
 public void listeningToclients()
 {
 try
 {
 tcplistIpv6.Start();
 tcplistIPV4.Start();
 Console.WriteLine("Server started!");
 Console.WriteLine("Waiting for clients data ...");

 while (true)
 {
 if (!tcplistIpv6.Pending())
 {
 Thread.Sleep(500);
 }
 else
 {
 TcpClient tcpClient = tcplistIpv6.AcceptTcpClient();
 Thread clientThread = new Thread(new ParameterizedThreadStart(handleClient));
 clientThread.Start(tcpClient);
 }

 if (!tcplistIPV4.Pending())
 {
 Thread.Sleep(500);
 }
 else
 {
 TcpClient tcpClient = tcplistIPV4.AcceptTcpClient();
 Thread clientThread = new Thread(new ParameterizedThreadStart(handleClient));
 clientThread.Start(tcpClient);
 }
 }
 }
 catch (Exception ex)
 {
 Console.WriteLine("exception in listeningToclients : " + ex.Message);
 }
 }
while (true) where "while(true)" used for continuously monitoring the port. TCP Listener provides a method called Pending. This method is used to determine any pending connection requests that are available or not. If no request is available, I am making thread sleep for 500 milliseconds.
If request is available, then accept the TCP Client and receive the data from request. Using TCPListener.AccetpTcpClient(), we can accept the client request. For data receiving from request, I used the following code.
//client handler
 public void handleClient(object clientObj)
 {
 try
 {
 TcpClient client = (TcpClient)clientObj;

 NetworkStream stream = client.GetStream();
 Console.WriteLine("****************************************************");
 using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(stream))
 {

 string inputStreamStr = reader.ReadToEnd().ToString();
 Console.WriteLine("Data : " + inputStreamStr);
 AddressFamily InterNetwork = client.Client.LocalEndPoint.AddressFamily;
 string strIptYpe = client.Client.RemoteEndPoint.ToString();
 if (InterNetwork.ToString().ToLower().Contains("v6"))
 {
 strIptYpe = strIptYpe + " - ipv6 Address.";
 }
 else
 {
 strIptYpe = strIptYpe + " - ipv4 Address.";
 }
 Console.WriteLine("data sent thru : " + strIptYpe);
 }
 }
 catch (Exception exe)
 {
 Console.WriteLine("Exception in handleClient " + exe.Message);
 }
 }
handleClient
This method is mainly used to convert received data /stream into string format in Asynchronous manner.
Sample Output
The second message is sent through IPV6 based address. To know more about IPV6 and IPV4, please refer to the following links:
License
This article, along with any associated source code and files, is licensed under The Code Project Open License (CPOL)
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About the Author
munagalasantosh
Software Developer (Senior)
India India
No Biography provided
Comments and Discussions

GeneralMy vote of 4 PinprofessionalLostTheMarbles27-Apr-14 23:46
GeneralRe: My vote of 4 Pinmembermunagalasantosh28-Apr-14 0:30
GeneralRe: My vote of 4 PinprofessionalLostTheMarbles28-Apr-14 0:41
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Programming terminology: Megabyte
Similar to the kilobyte, a megabyte is a data size unit, used with relation to data storage and processing, as well as data transmission.
Structure
A block of 1024 successive kilobytes make up one megabyte, with each kilobyte having 1024 bytes and every byte being made up of eight bits.
Value
Just like with the relation of bytes to kilobytes, the number of 1024 kilobytes for a megabyte is a result of the binary nature of the bits and bytes (2 to the power of 10 equals 1024).
Since one megabyte has 1.024 kilobytes, we get:
1 megabyte = 1.024 x 1.024 bytes = 1.048.576 bytes = 8.388.608 bits
See the page about bytes for more detailed information.


text:
COLUMBIA — Heavy rain earlier this week combined with the threat of more rain has prompted the National Weather Service to issue a flash flood watch for Columbia and Boone County from 7 p.m. Wednesday through Thursday morning.
The Columbia/Boone County Office of Emergency Management urged residents to be aware of the potential flooding dangers caused by additional rain.
"More rain over the next 24 hours could bring a number of flooding problems in the county," James McNabb, emergency management office director, said in a news release. "Boone County Public Works has already closed one low-water crossing due to high water, and it's very possible that more low-water crossings could pose a danger to drivers tonight and Thursday."
Flooding is one of the most deadly natural disasters, according to the release, and most often strikes at night when people are less aware of the dangers. Motorists are urged to avoid low-water crossings because floodwaters often trap motorists in their vehicles.
According to the National Weather Service, nine people died from floods or flash flooding in 2008.
In September, a young Columbia woman drowned after she attempted to save a man who had driven into swiftly moving floodwaters and become stranded in Hominy Branch on Clark Lane.