text:
After strangely located seismic activity, you probably would like a shore-leave. Why not request a baryon sweep, so you can not only relax, but also return to a perfectly clean ship? Sounds too good to be true? Probably. The question you need to ask yourself is: clean of what?
What does it do?
This question is easily answered by reading the Memory Alpha page on the baryon sweep. Therefore, I quote: "A baryon sweep was a procedure used to eliminate baryon particles from a starship." So if I read this correctly, the sweep removes either certain – or all – baryons, which emit radiation, which is harmful in large quantities.
What is a baryon?
Maybe you haven't had it in physics yet, never got to it or simply forgot? But either way, the definition of a baryon is vital to understanding why I was so skeptical about the removal of baryons.
First, what is the standard model? If we break everything we know down to what we now think are the building blocks for everything in existence, we get the colourful chart you see to the right. I am absolutely not going to bore you with the details! The important part is the purple region, where you'll find the quarks. Baryons are all particles made up of 'three quarks'. Actually this is not true, because the quantum world is a crazy party, but with 'three quarks' we mean three quarks that are not cancelled out by their antiquark counterpart. How many are there? Doing the math like I would have done with take 3 out of 6 quarks – in which order does not matter and recurrences are allowed – I would have come to ((6-1+3)!)/(3!*(6-3)!) = 1120 types of baryons.
However, some combinations are impossible and there are colour issues and a whole lot of things one could consider when asking this question. So somewhere between 75 and infinite.
What do you remove?
The baryon sweep definitely does not remove all baryons. Two of those who-knows-how-many baryons we all have heard of: protons (uud) and neutrons (ddu), the particles that make up all atoms we know! (With the help of electrons.) Removing all baryons means that you would literally shred any ship to pieces until all you have left are electrons.
So all these other baryons, how do they come to existence? Well, just like most things come to existence in quantum physics; you smash particles together, which probably happens when you travel at warp speed.
So does the baryon sweep remove all baryons other than protons and neutrons? I wish I could say yes, but probably no. Some baryons have this 'strangeness' which allows them to live long – something multiplied by 10^-10 seconds. That is really long for a baryon, but by the time you're out of warp speed, all the baryons other than protons and neutrons have died! Their lifespan is not even close to a second. Removing the baryons is not necessary, because they already died long before you could initiate such a procedure.
THEN WHAT DOES IT DO?
My friend hypothesized the baryon sweep removes only free baryons, so baryons that are not in an atom. Given what baryons decay into, these are protons and neutrons. Protons are the only stable baryon. Bare protons we also know as a hydrogen ion. Supposedly they survive and stay on the hull, they pose no threat because they are stable and therefore do not emit any type or form of radiation. Neutrons, however, have a lifespan of about 920 seconds and do decay in what we know is beta decay, which is harmful.
So my friend's hypothesis made sense, but what about my own? I stayed a little closer to science fiction and endless possibilities in the universe. What if this is the part where we get hypothetical? Warp speed not only smashes particles together hard enough to create rare baryons, but also enables them to combine to new sorts of 'atoms'. Just like a neutron is not stable outside of a nucleus, but could be inside, other baryons could – when combined – also become stable. Just like we have unstable atoms made up of protons and neutrons, there are unstable atoms made up of other or additional baryons. These atoms hypothetically could survive long, build up and pose a threat when not removed regularly.
The baryon sweep
So what is it? Well, up till now there are two hypotheses: First, my friend's, which says it removes free neutrons and possibly protons too. Then mine, which says there could, hypothetically speaking, be other sorts of atoms made up of rare baryons, which could be harmful when not removed. Either way, we can tell what it is not. It does not remove all baryons nor does it remove free baryons other than protons and neutrons (does not necessarily mean it does remove free protons and/or neutrons).
- Baryon sweep. Retrieved from: _URL_
- Nave, R. (Date unknown). Table of Baryons. Retrieved from: _URL_
- Fermilab, Office of Science, United States Department of Energy. (2006, June). Standard Model of Elementary Particles. [Image] Retrieved from: _URL_
- How many combinations can quarks form?. (2016, November). Retrieved from: _URL_


text:
The Nuclear Weapons Complex stores radioactive nuclear materials known as "pits". At the Pantex Plant in Amarillo, Texas, several stockpile inspection, evaluation, and maintenance programs require the handling and measurement of pits from a wide variety of weapons systems. These measurements are performed to ensure stockpile integrity. Historically, pit-handling operations were performed manually, resulting in accumulations of radiation doses for workers. With the Weigh and Leak Check System (WALS), that is no longer the case.
WALS was a joint effort by Intelligent Systems, Robotics, & Cybernetics (ISRC) who developed the robotic automation system and by Pantex who developed the weigh and leak check stations. Pantex is currently using WALS to perform remote weigh and leak check operations on its nuclear weapon pits. WALS is the first robot system ever to handle such stockpile pits.
The handling of stockpile pits is a high-consequence task as any system failure could result in significant and catastrophic consequences. Having a robot system that has the necessary capabilities to safely, precisely, and gently handle the pits is critical. In addition, having a robotic system that is not only designed to be robust to a wide variety of potential failure modes, but is also able to fail in a safe manner in the event of a failure is extremely critical. Finally the system has to be at least as efficient and effective as the current standard process to ensure there are no negative impacts to current and future operations.
WALS uses a 6-axis robotic arm on a 25 ft. linear track. The robotic arm is programmed to move pits to custom tooling and automation stations, where the pits are unpacked from their containers, removed from their shipping fixtures, weighed, leak-checked, and repacked. WALS also has a suite of sensors and safety features necessary to operate the robot safely and reliably. Other features include:
- Computer vision to determine the position of objects in the workcell, eliminating the need for large numbers of precise fixtures.
- Force feedback control allows the robot system to sense forces on the payload, thereby protecting the payload and providing an automated means to precisely and gently place pits in the workcell.
- Mechanical locks and sensors that ensure a sequence of events occurs before a pit can be moved.
- A redundant computer to independently monitor forces on the pit during robot motion.
As an upgrade, Sandia has also modified the robot's pit-handling tools so the system can accommodate new sealed insert (SI) containers, in addition to the several containers already used in the WALS system.
The primary benefit was a significant reduction in operator exposure to radiation by eliminating manual handling of pits. Another important ergonomic benefit is the elimination of many of the manual lifting tasks that are required for unpacking and repacking the pits. Furthermore, the automation process enforces qualified, validated procedures, that will be executed the same each time ensuring a high quality operation. This sequence of performed operations automatically generates a log that can be retained and audited, thus improving overall quality.
The automation technologies developed for WALS can be employed in a wide variety of areas where pits are handled. This will dramatically extend the scope of these technologies well beyond their original use in the weigh and leak check facility.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


name a domain account. You might need to add a separate account to provide the required privileges that a component needs for accessing a database or resources, such as files.
Adding Microsoft Transaction Server
MTS provides a powerful infrastructure for component and transaction management and removes a huge load from the development staff who otherwise have to develop these services. MTS works with in-process (.dll) ActiveX components, and you can create a transacted ASP page with IIS 4.0. Because ActiveX components will run in MTS and the ASP pages using these components will run in MTS, you need to understand what MTS is and why it's so powerful.
Developers create a transacted page by flagging the page as part of a transaction. They simply add TRANSACTION=Required in the language definition at the start of the page, as follows:
<%@ TRANSACTION=Required LANGUAGE="VBSCRIPT" %>
This statement forces the entire ASP page to run inside one transaction. Now that an ASP page can run as a transaction, your developers will be relying on MTS more and more.
Figure 2 illustrates how MTS fits in the NT 4.0 and IIS 4.0 architecture. You can see the layering of the various pieces and how they all work together regardless of whether you are accessing them with a Web browser or a traditional client such as a PC. MTS provides the framework for executing components and managing transactions. Transactions are useful any time you have two or more actions and all actions must complete, or all must fail. For example, if you have an inventory control system, your system must properly issue stock to the shop floor. If you pull a widget from stock and send it to the shop floor, you must deduct the widget from inventory, add the widget to a work-in-process inventory, and assign the employee ID of the individual retrieving the part. You can see that a simple request for a part from the stockroom can trigger several discreet actions that must occur. MTS can handle all the components and take all the actions. If one of these actions fails, MTS aborts the entire transaction.
MTS helps with component management from several aspects. For example, if you are running a component with MTS and DCOM, you have only one copy of that component to worry about on the server. Figure 2 illustrates how MTS stores the ActiveX components and how the applications talk to MTS instead of using a component directly. This redirection to MTS is transparent to the client application.
MTS also helps manage the load that components place on the server. MTS will create an instance of a component (thus using memory and processor) only as needed, and it will release those resources as soon as they are no longer required. This process is known as just-in-time (JIT) activation and as soon as possible (ASAP) deactivation.
MTS can reduce the load the database connections cause. Components that use MTS to manage database connections can significantly reduce the overall load on the server. In terms of server resource usage, database connections are expensive to create, so fewer connections are better in terms of server performance. MTS will create a database connection only as necessary, which reduces the load on the server and reduces the number of database connections required. MTS manages the database connections by pooling them and dispensing them only as necessary. Because MTS uses JIT activation and ASAP deactivation, it can more efficiently handle the database connections. Often, MTS uses one connection for multiple components, and each component behaves as if it has an exclusive connection. (I'll provide more information about the management issues associated with MTS in an upcoming article.)
Wrapping Up
You don't have to design your ActiveX components to run using DCOM. However, using DCOM can make a tremendous difference in how the components perform and the load the components place on the server and network. For example, a customer component might have 30 properties, one for each attribute of the customer (e.g., first name, last name, and street). By setting the values for each property, you cause a state transition between the components that is very expensive in terms of server resource usage. State transitions occur when a part of one process must access a part of another ActiveX component. The transition occurs when you cross the boundary, which uses a lot of system resources. You can use one state transition to redesign each component and drastically improve the component's performance by passing the data for each property to the component when you call a method. The resulting change takes only one state transition.
Likewise, you don't have to design an ActiveX component to work with MTS. Generic ActiveX components will work in MTS, but they can't take advantage of the transaction abilities and they won't perform as well as they would if they were designed to work with MTS.
As a systems manager, you can get a handle on such issues during the development and testing stage and, of course, in production—although that's not the time you want to find out about problems. You can use Performance Monitor to track IIS, ASP, and ActiveX components. The components show up as processes under the Process object on the server they execute on. You can also use Network Monitor to watch for the traffic coming across the network. The more state transitions that occur, the more packets the network will generate.
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ApModifyItemText()
Modify the text for a menu item
Synopsis:
#include <Ap.h>
int ApModifyItemText( ApMenuLink_t *menu,
 int item_num,
 char const *new_text );
Arguments:
menu
A pointer to a PhAB menu link structure.
item_num
The number of the menu item, as generated by PhAB.
new_text
A pointer to the replacement menu item text.
Library:
Ap
Description:
ApModifyItemText() modifies the text for a menu item in a PhAB menu module.
Note: ApModifyItemText() stores the address given by new_text; it doesn't make a copy of the string pointed to by new_text. Don't modify the string after calling this function.
You can call ApModifyItemText() at any time to set the menu item text, and the effect will be seen when the menu is displayed. This allows to you set menu item text as soon as conditions within your application change.
Returns:
0
The item number isn't valid.
1
Success.
Examples:
In this example, mymenu is a pointer to the address of the menu name, which is equivalent to the instance name for the menu module.
/* Change ABN_opt1 to say "New Option 1 Text" */
ApModifyItemText( &mymenu, ABN_opt1, "New Option 1 Text" );
Classification:
Photon
Safety:
Interrupt handler No
Signal handler No
Thread No
See also:
ApGetItemText(), ApModifyItemAccel(), ApModifyItemState()
Changing menu-item text in the Working with Code chapter of the Photon Programmer's Guide


Difference between Deer Tick and Wood Tick
By: | Updated: Feb-7, 2018
The terms deer tick and wood tick commonly describe various subgroups of ticks. These terms are often used interchangeably, particularly depending on the location. If these terms are often interchanged, how does one tell them apart?
Summary Table
Deer TickWood Tick
Refers to the Ixodes genusRefers to the Dermacentor genus
Carries Lyme diseaseCan cause Rocky Mountain fever
adult female deer tick
An adult female deer tick
The term deer tick is used to refer to several species of parasitic, disease-carrying ticks of the Ixodes genus under the Ixodidae family. In the western coast of North America, it refers to the Western blacklegged tick, or Ixodes pacificus. Many fear this species of deer tick as the principal carrier of Lyme disease, a bacterial disease that can later develop into disorders in the heart and nervous system. Most people in the West coast call it the blacklegged tick.
In the northern and eastern regions of the Midwest, it refers to Ixodes scapularis, a hard-bodied tick also known as the bear tick in some areas in the U.S. It can cause several diseases among humans and animals such as anaplasmosis, babesiosis, etc. It usually clings on white-tailed deer hence the name deer tick. In Europe, the term refers to Ixodes ricinus, also known as the castor bean tick. It is a carrier of tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme disease.
A deer tick that had just finished feeding will be engorged, and its abdomen turns a light, grayish blue. An engorged deer tick looks very different when it has not fed, making it easy to think it is a different tick species.
A deer tick usually has a life span of 2 years and goes through three life stages – larva, nymph and adult. The deer tick requires a blood meal before it can move to the next stage of its life cycle.
Rocky Mountain wood tick
A disease-carrying Rocky Mountain wood tick
The word wood tick is also a common term for the genus Dermacentor, also called the American Levi tick. It is a member of the Ixodidae family, also known as hard ticks in some places. This subfamily of hard ticks is everywhere, having native species on all continents with the exception of Australia. As of 2010, about 34 known species make up the Dermacentor genus. One common species under this genus is the American dog tick. Mammals such as horses, deer, cattle and even porcupines are host to this tick species.
While wood ticks do not carry Lyme disease, they do carry other diseases and can cause tick paralysis. Experts believe the American dog tick is the carrier of the Rocky Mountain fever on the Eastern coast of the U.S. The Rocky Mountain wood tick can also spread tularemia, commonly called tick fever.
Deer Tick vs Wood Tick
So what's the difference between a deer tick and wood tick? While deer ticks and wood ticks are sweeping terms for ticks under the Ixodidae family, they belong to two separate subgroups. The word deer tick refers to several tick species of the genus Ixodes that includes Ixodes pacificus (i.e., Western blacklegged tick) from the western coast of North America. Ixodes scapularis (i.e., bear tick) is from northern and eastern regions of the Midwest U.S. In Europe, it is Ixodes ricinus, also known as the castor bean tick. Wood ticks of the Dermacentor genus are found in all continents except Australia. It currently has 34 known species.
Most members of the deer tick subgroup are common carriers of Lyme disease, whereas, members of the wood tick subgroup are carriers of various pathogens that cause many diseases such as the Rocky Mountain fever and tick paralysis.
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text:
Offshore Infrastructure for Clean Fuel Shipping
Hydrogen will be the maritime fuel of the future, under pressure, as a liquid or bound to nitrogen as ammonia. But the energy density is lower than in fossil fuels. For intercontinental shipping, it will be demanding to bring enough fuel for long crossings. Bunker stations in the open sea along routes can be a solution.
The map shows a snapshot of the positions of the world's fleet of ships. Green are cargo ships, red are tankers. As of today, the shipping industry stand for 2.2 % of global emissions of greenhouse gases (2012, IMO). In addition, they release large amounts of harmful sulphur and nitrogen oxides. All these emissions are caused by the burning of oil for propulsion, typically dirty bunker oil.
International regulations will come. We believe that the market for hydrogen as a fuel for ships will accelerate by 2030. There must be an infrastructure in ports around the world. This can be a bottleneck. Offshore bunkering stations can therefore be an advantageous alternative, both for financial and security reasons.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Turkish daily Zaman reports that wastewater from three neighbourhoods in Mersin's Anamur district is flowing into the Alakopru Dam, one of the dams constructed to feed Turkey's water pipeline to North Cyprus.
"The Akine, Sarıağaç and Ormancık neighbourhoods have a damaged water purification system. In other words, wastewater is being deposited into the reservoir of the dam that carries water to the KKTC," Turgut Aybak, the president of the Mersin Waterworks Authority (MESKİ), said during a provincial coordination committee meeting.
The pipeline was designed to supply around 2.6 billion cubic feet (75 million cubic meters) of water annually, enough to meet the TRNC's irrigation and drinking water needs for half a century. Nearly 2.4 cubic meters of water is transferred per second from Anamur into the Gecitkoy reservoir in North Cyprus.


Automated classification of bees and hornet using acoustic analysis of their flight sounds
Publication Type:Journal Article
Year of Publication:2019
Authors:Kawakita, Ichikawa
Journal:Apidologie
Date Published:Jul-01-2019
ISSN:0044-8435
Keywords:acoustic analysis, Hymenoptera, machine learning, species classification
Abstract:
To investigate how to accurately identify bee species using their sounds, we conducted acoustic analysis to identify three pollinating bee species (Apis mellifera, Bombus ardens, Tetralonia nipponensis) and a hornet (Vespa simillima xanthoptera) by their flight sounds. Sounds of the insects and their environment (background noises and birdsong) were recorded in the field. The use of fundamental frequency and mel-frequency cepstral coefficients to describe feature values of the sounds, and supported vector machines to classify the sounds, correctly distinguished sound samples from environmental sounds with high recalls and precision (0.96–1.00). At the species level, our approach could classify the insect species with relatively high recalls and precisions (0.7–1.0). The flight sounds of V.s. xanthoptera, in particular, were perfectly identified (precision and recall 1.0). Our results suggest that insect flight sounds are potentially useful for detecting bees and quantifying their activity.
URL:_URL_
DOI:10.1007/s13592-_PHONE_-6
Short Title:Apidologie
BioAcoustica ID:
Scratchpads developed and conceived by (alphabetical): Ed Baker, Katherine Bouton Alice Heaton Dimitris Koureas, Laurence Livermore, Dave Roberts, Simon Rycroft, Ben Scott, Vince Smith


Figure 3.
Distributions of evolutionary rate difference of protein pairs within the age-homogeneous motifs and the other motifs. The probability (y-axis) is calculated as the percentage of protein pairs whose evolutionary rate difference falls in a special interval that x-axis shows. (A) 3-motif. Average evolutionary rate difference is 5.8 × 10-2 for 3-motifs whose constituents are of the same age class and 7.9 × 10-2 for the other 3-motifs. Rank sum test, P <10-4. (B) 4-motif. The average evolutionary rate difference is 6.0 × 10-2 and 8.0 × 10-2 for the two 4-motif classes. Rank sum test, P <10-4. The common protein pairs of the two motif classes are removed in the analyses. The results are based on the PIN of DIP_YEAST_CORE.
Liu et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:133 doi:10.1186/_PHONE_-133
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Referencing Grid Level Expressions from Advanced Query
Cory Fifield -
Trouble viewing images? Click on images to enlarge.
In this article we cover referencing Grid Level Expressions from Advanced Query.
How does it work?
Expressions are processed at the data grid level, after the query results have been processed and returned from the database. Expressions are then added to the resulting dataset and accessible throughout VDM's controls. If you're using Advanced Query, VDM needs to know where to place the Expressions in the resulting dataset. So you can add an expression to the Grid after you run an Advanced Query, but if they're not added to the Field Selection List in the Advanced Query, VDM doesn't know where to put them.
We don't recommend Grid Level Expressions be used with Advanced Query. We recommend Advanced Queries be used for SQL Scripting only, and additional calculations that need to be performed on the resulting dataset be configured and completed using Calculated Fields in Finished Reports or Visualize.
How to reference grid level expression in Advanced Query
1. Create your Advanced Query and run it.
2. Create the Grid Expressions. Make sure to have the correct datatypes used for the expression.
3. Add the new expression(s) to the select statement in the Advanced Query.
4. Save, run and preview the View with the new expression(s) added to the Advanced Query.
Have more questions? Submit a request


text:
Transitions between color categories mapped with a reverse Stroop task.
Smithson HE., Khan SS., Sharpe LT., Stockman A.
In the reverse Stroop task, observers are instructed to ignore the ink color in which a color word is printed (the distractor color) and to respond to the meaning of the color word (the target). Reaction times (RTs) are faster with congruent combinations when the ink color matches the word than with incongruent combinations when the ink color does not match the word. We manipulated the distracting ink color from congruent to incongruent and measured the transition from facilitation to interference. In Experiment 1, we confirmed that this transition could be assessed independently from the contextual influence of particular sets of stimuli and responses, implying that the color space in which interference and facilitation occurs is generalizable. In Experiment 2, we obtained reverse Stroop data for transitions between red and yellow, yellow and green, green and blue, and blue and red, and compared them with independent estimates of color appearance obtained by hue scaling for the same chromaticity samples. We find that the magnitude of the reverse Stroop effect can provide a reliable index of the similarity of color appearance between the distracting chromaticity and the color category represented by the target color word. Moreover, it will allow us to quantify the mapping between the chromaticity space defined at the cone photoreceptors and a cognitive color space defined at an advanced level of neural processing.


text:
Canada and the United States are countries of immigrants. Their electorates are diverse, and include people from different ethnic, cultural, religious, and sexual backgrounds. But the history of each nation includes just one example of the highest office in the land being held by someone other than a white man.
A new, bi-national public opinion poll from the Angus Reid Institute finds Americans and Canadians nearly unanimous in their willingness to vote for a woman for president or prime minister, and similarly enthusiastic about supporting a Jewish or Indigenous candidate.
Fewer than half of all Americans (47 per cent) say they could vote for a Muslim presidential candidate, and respondents in both countries are divided as to whether they could cast a ballot for a candidate who covers his or her head for religious reasons.
There are also significant gaps on both sides of the border, between those who say they could vote for diverse candidates, and those who say the chances of such candidates becoming head of government is probable in the next 25 years.
- Younger respondents on both sides of the border are more open to voting for diverse candidates than older age groups
- American respondents are deeply divided along political lines when it comes to these issues, while Canadians are divided along regional lines
- The vast majority of respondents in both nations say they could vote for a national leader who is a woman, but there are significant differences between countries on atheist and LGBTQ candidates
Link to the poll here: _URL_


Continuous and catalyst free synthesis of graphene sheets in thermal plasma jet
PBN-AR
Instytucja
Wydział Chemii (Uniwersytet Warszawski)
Informacje podstawowe
Główny język publikacji
en
Czasopismo
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (45pkt w roku publikacji)
ISSN
_PHONE_
EISSN
Wydawca
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI
URL
Rok publikacji
2017
Numer zeszytu
Strony od-do
385–396
Numer tomu
322
Identyfikator DOI
Liczba arkuszy
1.00
Słowa kluczowe
en
Graphene sheets
Aliphatic alcohols
Radio frequency thermal plasma
Continuous synthesis
Streszczenia
Język
en
Treść
Herein we present a continuous and catalyst free method for the synthesis of graphene sheets from aliphatic alcohols in a radiofrequency thermal plasma jet. Nine aliphatic linear alcohols (ethanol-decanol) were tested as possible precursors for the massive production of graphene sheets. Moreover, additional tests were also carried out with the inclusion of gaseous oxygen in order to promote the formation of graphene and to eliminate the unwanted carbon byproducts. The obtained materials were investigated by electron microscopy, Raman and infrared spectroscopy. The thermal stability of products was also evaluated using thermogravimetry. The surface chemistry features were analyzed using acid-base titration and X-ray photoelectron and IR spectroscopy. Finally, the adsorption performance of graphene sheets was tested in the removal of 4-chlorophenol from aqueous solutions. The highest content of graphene sheets was found in the product obtained from ethanol with the production rate of ca. 1.5 g/h. The plasma processing of higher alcohols yielded a mixture of graphene sheets and spherical carbon nanoparticles.
Cechy publikacji
Original article
Original article presents the results of original research or experiment.
Oryginalny artykuł naukowy
Oryginalny artykuł naukowy przedstawia rezultaty oryginalnych badań naukowych lub eksperymentu.
Inne
System-identifier
PBN-R:854829
CrossrefMetadata from Crossref logo
Cytowania
Liczba prac cytujących tę pracę
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"database put growlsend $mac[2] $ip[1]"';
 }
 $prev=$_;
}
Make sure to modify the permissions on both scripts to make them the same as other scripts in that directory (owner and group should be asterisk, and the file should be executable), and if you use the gshelper script, make sure to set up a cron job to run it every so often (I would suggest once per hour, but it's up to you).
Now go to this page and search for the paragraph starting with, "After you have created that file, check the ownership and permissions" (it's right under a code block, just a bit more than halfway down the page) and if you are using FreePBX follow the instructions from there on out (if you are not using FreePBX then just read that section of the page so you understand how this works, and in any case ignore the top half of the page, it's talking about a different notification system entirely). However, note that the syntax used in extensions_custom.conf differs from what is shown there, depending on whether you are specifying an IP address or a MAC address to identify the target computer.
First, if you are specifying the IP address of the target computer, then instead of using this syntax:
exten => ****525,1,AGI(growlsend.agi,192.168.0.123,GrowlPassWord,525)
You will need to use this:
exten => ****525,1,AGI(notifysend.agi,username,192.168.0.123,525)
Note that username is the account name you use when doing an ssh login into the destination system, and it should also be the desktop user on the system (not root!). Let's say that the system is currently at IP address 192.168.0.123. In order for this to work, you need to be able to ssh into your Ubuntu box from your Asterisk server, using the following command from the Asterisk server's command line:
ssh username@192.168.0.123
If it asks for a password, then you need to follow the instructions at Stop entering passwords: How to set up ssh public/private key authentication for connections to a remote server, and get it set up so that it will not ask for a password (if you don't like my article, maybe this one will make it clearer).
It's probably easiest to configure each computer that is to receive notifications to use a static IP address. But note that if you use the above code and have the gshelper.agi program running as a cron job, then after the first time it has run while the computer to receive the notifications is online you should be able to use a computer's MAC address instead of the IP address. This only works if you've used the modified script on this page, not the one shown in the FreePBX How-To. As an example, instead of
exten => ****525,1,AGI(growlsend.agi,192.168.0.123,GrowlPassWord,525)
as shown in the example there, you could use
exten => ****525,1,AGI(notifysend.agi,username,01:23:45:AB:CD:EF,525)
(the above is all one line) where 01:23:45:AB:CD:EF is the MAC address of the computer you want to send the notification to. Once again, just in case you missed it the first time I said it, this won't work until the gshelper.agi script has been run at least once while the computer to receive the notifications was online. If for some reason it still doesn't appear to work, run the nmap command (from gshelper.agi) including everything between the two backticks (') directly from a Linux command prompt and see if it's finding the computer (depending on the size of your network, it might be several seconds before you see any output, which is why I don't try to run this in real time while a call is coming in).
If you are NOT running FreePBX, but instead writing your Asterisk dial plans by hand, then you will have to insert a line similar to one of the above examples into your dial plan, except that you don't need the four asterisks (****) in front of the extension number, and if it's not the first line in the context, you'll probably want to use n rather than 1 for the line designator (and, you won't be putting the line into extensions_custom.conf because you probably don't have such a file; instead you'll just put it right in the appropriate section of your dial plan). In other words, something like this (using extension 525 as an example):
exten => 525,n,AGI(notifysend.agi,username,192.168.0.123,525)
This line should go before the line that actually connects the call through to extension 525. I do not write Asterisk dial plans by hand, so that's about all the help I can give you. And if you don't write your dial plans by hand, but you aren't using FreePBX, then I'm afraid you'll have to ask for help in whatever forum you use for advice on the particular software that you do use to generate dial plans, because I can't tell you how to insert the above line (or something like it) into your dial plan.
Now is where it gets just a bit more complicated than in the original method. If you have followed the above instructions, you'll be able to send the notifications to the remote system using SSH, but there will be nothing there to receive them. So we have to create a small script on the receiving system to do something with the received notifications. That script will vary depending on the receiving system, but it must be named remotenotify.sh and it must be placed in the destination user's home directory, and don't forget to make it executable! Here's one that will work in most Ubuntu installations that have Notify OSD installed:
export DISPLAY=:0
notify-send --urgency="critical" --icon="phone" "$1" "$2"
Those two lines are all you need. On a different type of system (or if you have multiple displays) you may need to or wish to do something different. For example, as I mentioned above, if the destination system is running Growl then your remotenotify.sh script will need to call growlnotify, but beyond that I wouldn't know what to use there (EDIT: But if the target system is a Mac that is running OS X, a pretty good guess would probably be that you'd only need one line, something like this:
growlnotify -s -p 1 -a Telephone -m "$2" $1
In this case it should make the notification sticky until dismissed by the user, give it a priority of 1 — the default is 0 — and use the application icon from the "Telephone" application if you have it installed. Instead of -a to specify an application's icon you could use -I followed by a path to an .icns file that contains an icon you want to use. Type growlnotify –help to see all the growlnotify options. Oh, and before you can make an SSH connection to a Mac you have to go into System Preferences | Sharing and turn on Remote Login).
The beauty of this approach is that you can make the remotenotify.sh script as simple or as complicated as you need — you could even make it forward a notification to other devices if you wish, but figuring out how to do that is up to you (if you come up with something good, please leave a comment and tell us about it!).
If you're running Ubuntu on the target system, here's a few articles you may wish to use to help you get your notifications to look the way you want them to appear:
Tweak The NotifyOSD Notifications In Ubuntu 10.10 Maverick Meerkat [Patched NotifyOSD PPA Updated]
Get Notifications With A Close Button In Ubuntu
Configurable NotifyOSD Bubbles For Ubuntu 11.04: Move, Close On Click, Change Colors And More
If you want to be able to review missed notifications, you may be able to use this (as a side note, why don't they have something like this for Growl?):
Never Miss A NotifyOSD Notification With "Recent Notifications" GNOME Applet
The idea behind the shell script that runs on the target system was found in a comment on the following article, which may be of special interest to MythTV users:
Send OSD notification messages to all systems on a network
There are links to other original sources throughout the article, so feel free to follow those if you want more in-depth commentary.
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text:
Prof. Yury Gogotsi was awarded the Lee Hsun Award Lecture at the Institute of Metal Research (IMR) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences on November 5, 2015. The Lee Hsun Lecture Award is named after the former IMR Director H. Lee, who discovered hydrogen embrittlement in steels. According to Prof. Hui-Ming Chen, Editor in Chief of Materials for Energy Storage (Elsevier) and IMR Advanced Carbon Materials Division Director, this award "Honors scientists who have significant impact and made great contribution to the field of materials science and engineering both at home and abroad. It is aiming at continuously and regularly encouraging scientists with great influence on materials science and engineering to visit IMR to accomplish academic communication and cooperation, and promote the establishment of new subject areas."
Previous recipients of this award in the field of materials science and engineering include such household names as Subra Suresh (former MIT MSE Dept. Head and Dean, NSF Director and current CMU President), Rod Ruoff (the biggest name in carbon), Morinobu Endo (credited with discovery of carbon nanotubes even before Iijima), Zhong Ling (ZL) Wang of Georgia Tech, Founding Editor of Nano Energy (Elsevier) and Nobel Prize candidate by Thomson Reuters estimate this year.


text:
The deep red fruit produced by Organic Stella Cherry Trees is so popular it's stocked in the fruit sections of many of the major supermarkets in the UK - but we're pretty sure the taste of this juicy dessert cherry doesn't compare with your own home grown Stella fruits!
Organic Stella cherry trees are self fertile and will flourish in a sunny location and as these bare-rooted, maiden trees are grown on the semi dwarfing Gisela 5 rootstock, they'll produce more than manageable bush trees and are ready-made for fan training along a south facing wall or fence. You can expect to pick the delicious, dark red cherries in late July and don't forget to prune the trees shortly afterwards to avoid the unwanted spread of the silverleaf disease. Using Fruit Tree Sleeves on your organic Stella cherries will protect the fruits from birds, meaning more of these garden gastronomic treats for you and your kitchen!
Organic Stella Cherry Trees are despatched in bare-root form between November and March.
- Organic Stella Cherry Trees supplied in semi dwarfing and vigorous form
- Trees grown on Gisela 5 rootstock reach 2.5-3.5m (8' - 12')
- Raised on Soil Association certified and DEFRA inspected specialist nursery
- Heavy and reliable cropper
- Fruit in 2-3 years
- Net to protect crop from birds
- Suitable for growing as a bush tree or training as a fan as well
- Pollination group D but self fertile
- Popular dessert variety - pick from late July
- Prune in summer after harvesting fruit to avoid silverleaf
- Fruit is large in size and coloured dark red
- Produces sweet and juicy cherries
- Supplied with siting, planting and training leaflet
- Comes in maiden form for easy training and pruning
- See our Guide to Successful Fruit Trees for more growing advice
Delivery - delivery of your fruit trees is £9.95 to most parts of the UK. Unfortunately fruit trees are unable to be delivered to Northern Ireland and Eire. Customers in the Scottish highlands and islands should e-mail our Customer Services Department or telephone on 0333 _PHONE_ (local rate) for a quotation.
Planting and Delivery Information
Planting - do not attempt to plant your fruit trees when the ground is frozen or waterlogged. The trees can be stored in their packaging in an outbuilding or garage for 2-3 days, or can be heeled into the soil where the ground is not as frozen. Alternatively, plant up in large pots or containers and ensure the roots have good contact with the soil.
Delivery - delivery of your fruit trees is £9.95 to most parts of the UK. Unfortunately fruit trees are unable to be delivered to Northern Ireland and Eire. Customers in the Scottish highlands and islands should e-mail our Customer Services Department or telephone on 0333 _PHONE_ for a quotation.
Cultural and Growing Advice


text:
More lung disease patients could be diagnosed and treated early following a £7.5 million grant to Sheffield University.
The university's academic unit of radiology has developed technology which provides detailed pictures of a patient's lungs without relying on X-rays.
Now researchers have been awarded millions of pounds by the Medical Research Council and British Heart Foundation to expand the project and set up a new image processing laboratory.
The imaging method involves a patient inhaling small amounts of gases - helium and xenon - which are then picked up on an MRI scanner, showing the lungs at work.
This helps clinicians identify conditions such as emphysema, cystic fibrosis and asthma.
Jim Wild, professor of magnetic resonance physics, said: "This grant will allow continued research into MRI scanner hardware and image acquisition methods and their clinical translation, ensuring Sheffield and the UK lead in this important area of diagnostic pulmonary medicine."
Prof Wild added: "The new image processing laboratory will allow us to process large volumes of digital imaging data."


DiMaker DiMaker В чём разница?
API
Die Dokumentation wurde automatisch mithilfe von maschinellem Lernen übersetzt.
Using the DiMaker API, you can create files with personal data and send them to recipients. API requests can be made from another server or from the browser using CORS requests.
Getting started
In the "Integration" - "API Tokens" section, you need to obtain a secure token for requests and allow the use of this token. In addition, you need to create a document containing variables for personal data, as well as an email template for email distribution and a folder in the Drive to store the created files.
Creating files
To create files, you need to send POST or GET requests to the address
_URL_
with the data specified below. Request encoding - UTF-8. Required fields are marked with an asterisk.
 - secure*
 Token (string, 36 characters)
 - doc_id*
 Document ID (string, 36 characters) that will be used to create the file. You can get the ID from the address bar when the document is open. The document must not be in the trash but can be in any Documents folder.
 - mask*
 JSON string containing all variables for replacement in the form of key (variable) - value (text to replace). The string can contain data for creating multiple files (without restriction on the number).
 Example for one file:
 [{"%full name": "Ivanov", "%points":"100"}]
 Example for multiple files:
 [{"%full name": "Ivanov", "%points":"100"}, {"%full name": "Petrov", "%points":"200"}, {"%full name": "Sidorov", "%points":"300"}]
 To specify the email address use %email, for the file name - %filename. To send the created files to multiple email addresses, list them separated by commas. In this case, the sending status in Drive will be displayed for the first email address.
 Only double quotes can be used in accordance with the standard. If the value of the key contains quotes, they must be escaped.
 You can use either a direct link (http:// or https://) or a Base64 encoded image to insert an image into the image block.
 Alternative method
 If it is not possible to send a JSON string, replacement strings can be sent as request fields. Each replacement variable must start with the mask_ prefix, for example, mask_name and contain the value of the replacement. The variable will be searched in the document after the prefix. For example, the mask_name corresponds to the variable %name. To specify the email address in this case, use mask_email, and for the file name - mask_filename.
 - mail_id
 Email template ID (string, 36 characters) for email distribution. You can get the ID from the address bar when the template is open. If the variable is not passed, the email will not be sent.
 - email_send
 The time when to send the email with the file. Can accept the following values:
 onfinish - Send all emails after creating all files (default)
 oncreate - Send emails immediately after creating the file. When creating one file onfinish and oncreate are identical.
 timeout - Send emails after a period of time. In this case, two more parameters must be passed:
 email_timeout_value - numerical value of the period at which to send emails, integer value
 email_timeout_value - unit of measurement of the period. Can take the value "m" (minutes), "h" (hours), "d" (days).
 Alternatively, to specify the exact time of sending, you need to pass the time in unix time format in email_timeout_timestamp. If timeout and email_timeout_timestamp are passed, the priority will be given to the latter.
 - folder_id
 ID of the folder in Drive (string, 36 characters) to save the files. If the folder does not exist, it will be automatically created when the first file is created.
 - page_id
 Ordinal number of the sheet (number or string) if the document has multiple sheets. You can pass one number (the first sheet is 0), or numbers (separated by commas) of sheets that you want to use to create the file.
 - result
 Determines how to return the result. Can take the values:
 - The value is missing. A JSON string with the request result will be returned (see below)
 - link. If the request is successful, a string containing a link to the created file will be returned (if several files were created in the request, a link to the first one will be returned). To retrieve the file itself, you need to go to the specified link. It takes 1 to 5 seconds to prepare the files themselves. Until the file is created, the request to this address will return a 404 error. If the request does not lead to the creation of the file, a JSON string with an error will be returned (see below).
 - file. If the request is successful, the finished file will be returned (only the first one if several files were created). Since creating a
 Ergebnis
 Als Ergebnis wird der Server einen JSON-String zurückgeben, der mögliche Werte annimmt:
 - result
 Das Ergebnis der Anfrage, das folgende Werte annehmen kann:
 error - Fehler bei der Anfrage. Dateien wurden nicht erstellt.
 success - erfolgreiche Anfrage zum Erstellen von Dateien. Abhängig von der Verwendung des API können Sie den erfolgreichen Dateierstellungsprozess melden oder ein Formular zum Abrufen der Dateien anzeigen.
 - create_id
 Generierte ID. Nur bei erfolgreicher Anfrage. Kann für andere API-Anfragen nützlich sein.
 - files
 Ein Array, das die IDs der zu erstellenden Dateien enthält. Nur bei erfolgreicher Anfrage. Um die Datei im JPG-Format zu erhalten, ist ein Abruf über _URL_ erforderlich. Um die PDF-Datei herunterzuladen, muss dem Link pdf/ hinzugefügt werden. Das API gibt die ID der Datei sofort zurück, aber das Erstellen der Dateien selbst dauert etwa 1 bis 5 Sekunden pro Datei. Bis zur Erstellung der Datei gibt es am Link _URL_ eine 404-Fehlermeldung zurück.
 - url
 URL-String zur Anzeige des Download-Widgets. Nur bei erfolgreicher Anfrage. Ein Iframe mit der angegebenen URL muss erstellt werden. Nur das Klicken auf den Link führt nicht zum Ergebnis. Die Domain der Website, auf der die Datei erhalten wird, muss in den API-Einstellungen korrekt angegeben sein.
 Das Erstellen jeder Datei dauert 1 Sekunde plus einige Sekunden für die Verarbeitung der gesamten Gruppe. Direkt nach Absendung der Anfrage können Sie das Iframe mit der angegebenen URL öffnen. Wenn die Datei noch nicht erstellt wurde, wird eine entsprechende Meldung ausgegeben. Sobald die Dateien fertig sind, können sie heruntergeladen werden.
 Sie können das Download-Widget in einem Dialogfeld über der Seite anzeigen. Hierfür muss das Iframe mit den folgenden zusätzlichen Styles erstellt werden: position:fixed; width:100%; height:100%; top:0; bottom:0; right:0; left:0; z-index:10000; background: rgb(0 0 0 / 72%); Der Adressleiste muss ?view=modal hinzugefügt werden. Und dieses Iframe muss im Body platziert werden.
 - error_text
 Nur im Fehlerfall. Textbeschreibung des Fehlers. Mögliche Fehler: inkorrektes Secure-Token, Maske für die Ersetzung, Dokumenten-ID, Vorlagenbrief-ID, Ordner-ID im Laufwerk oder interner Serverfehler.
 Beispiel für zurückgegebene Daten bei erfolgreicher Anfrage:
 {
 "result":"success",
 "create_id":"b4caf05b-6757-4d9c-b4bc-1924a9b31796",
 "url":"_URL_
 "files":[
 "369dc


CROSSJOIN (
 DimProducts,
 FactSales
 ),
 DimProducts[ProductId] = FactSales[ProductId]
)
— Returns as many rows as in Sales table
image
Working on Table Variables
We can work on Table Variables to do more Aggregations. Example is given below.
For example to find Average, Use AVERAGEX function.
VAR ResultsTable =
 ADDCOLUMNS (
 SUMMARIZE (
 ProductJoinSales,
 DimProducts[Choice],
 DimProducts[Id]
 ),
 "CalcValue", DIVIDE(
 DIVIDE (
 SUM (
 FactSales[Quantity]
 ),
 COUNT ( FactSales[StoreID] )
 )
 )
 )
VAR Result = AVERAGEX (ResultsTable, [CalcValue])
Note Ensure to display the value using ROW function.
EVALUATE ROW("Average", Result)
OR Condition in Filter
Or Conditions in Filters are pretty easy. Use the || operator of C#.
FILTER ( FactSales, FactSales[Price] > 0 || FactSales[Quantity] > 0)
Reference
_URL_
_URL_


name for a new key pair and then use the euca-add-keypair command to create it and write the private key to a file. Be sure to choose a name that is easy to remember.
euca-add-keypair mykey > mykey.pem
Important.png
Key pairs are irreplaceable
EC2 does not store the private halves of key pairs. The time you run euca-add-keypair is the only chance you will have to save a copy of the private key. There is no way to recover a lost private key from EC2.
You can use euca-describe-keypairs to display a list of your keypairs.
$ euca-describe-keypairs
KEYPAIR mykey1 7b:9b:33:cf:bf:12:4d:62:b6:7c:fa:02:f2:f7:bc:59:e3:7e:40:fb
KEYPAIR mykey2 f9:93:1e:73:4b:2e:c1:0d:7f:79:e1:bc:c0:d0:7c:95:32:55:b7:dd
You can use euca-delete-keypairs to delete a keypair. Deleting a keypair does not remove it from instances that are already running; it merely prevents new instances from using it.
euca-delete-keypair mykey1
Set up a Security Group
Each security group has its own set of firewall rules. While this tutorial uses the default security group that EC2 provides for you, you can also create your own security groups.
The euca-authorize command lets you tell EC2 to allow traffic from ranges of IP addresses and ports into a security group. To allow access to SSH (TCP port 22) running on instances in the default security group, run the following command:
euca-authorize default -p 22 -s your_system's_ip_address/32
If you do not specify a range of IP addresses then the port(s) you choose will be open to the entire Internet. For example, the following command allows SSH access from any machine Internet, not just your computer:
euca-authorize default -p 22
To allow pings and other ICMP traffic you can run:
euca-authorize default -P icmp
The opposite of euca-authorize is euca-revoke. You can use euca-describe-groups to obtain a list of security groups and the firewall permissions you have applied to them.
Run an Instance
Choose an Image
Run an Instance
Terminate the Instance
Using EBS
Creating and Deleting Volumes
Using Volumes
Using Snapshots


Take the 2-minute tour ×
If I had a negatively charged body, say an electret, and i put it in a container of NaCl solution. Will the positive ions of sodium be attracted to it? and why? If no, why do the positive ions attract to the cathode during electrolysis?
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Hello Abdelrahman, Good Question. But short answer... Take a basic view upon Electrolysis and other related links thereby..! – Waffle's Crazy Peanut Oct 2 '12 at 14:37
2 Answers 2
up vote 3 down vote accepted
Yes, and this is a very important effect in synthetic polyelectrolytes and in biological macromolecules.
The usual model is to treat the added charge as an imobile object with a given charge. The dissolved ions are then treated as mobile charges. The mobile ions with the opposite charge will be attracted to the fixed charge, and repelled from each other. The mobile ions with the same charge as the fixed charge will be repelled from it, and each other. The end result of that is a continuous charge distribution throughout the liquid. The electrostatic potential is the sum of the potential from the fixed ion with the potential due to the sea of mobile ions. You can treat the mobile ions statistical mechanically: they follow a Boltzmann distribution with energies equal to their charge times the electrostatic potential at their location in the liquid. Put those two terms together to get the Poisson-Boltzmann equation, a partial differential equation for the electrostatic potential in the liquid. In general that is difficult to solve, and it's usually solved numerically. For some special problems, it is possible to solve the PB equation analytically. The usual approximation is that the electrostatic energy is much less than the thermal energy $kT$, in which case you can linearize the PB equation to get the Debye-Huckel equation.
The Debye-Huckel equation is actually a bit instructive qualitatively. In the absence of anything else, the electrostatic potential falls off as $V(r) \propto 1/r$. In the presence of the mobile ions, the electrostatic falls off as $V(r) \propto e^{-\kappa r}/r$. $\kappa^{-1}$ is caled the Debye screening length, and is proportional to (among other things) the square root of the ionic strength of the solution.
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Yes, this is the basis of electroplating.
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Your Answer


text:
High-Performance Diode Lasers for Computer-To-Plate (CtP) Applications
Diode lasers with high reliability and outstanding performance
Computer-to-plate (CtP) is an imaging technology used in modern printing processes. In this technology, an image created in a Desktop Publishing (DTP) application is output directly to a printing plate. This is different to the older technology, computer-to-film (CTF), where the computer file is imaged onto a photographic film. This film is then used to make a printing plate, just like to a contact proof in darkroom photography.
CtP methods differ according to the construction type of the imagesetter and the light source used to expose the plate surface. In terms of construction type there are three different kinds: internal drum, external drum and flat-bed imagesetters.
The two main light sources used to expose the plate are ultraviolet light lamps and laser diodes. The wavelength and energy of the laser diodes depend on the type of plate that is used. This technology is mainly used in newspaper and magazine printing.
TOPTICA's diode lasers provides the required wavelength from 375 nm to 785 nm with a power up to 300 mW. Our iBeam smart laser are already used in many CtP applications and knows for their reliability and the outstanding performance, where quality products are required.


About Feature Type Attributes
Feature type attributes are categorized into one of the following three groups:
Format Attributes
A feature may have one or more associated format attributes. A format attribute represents an attribute that is specific to a format (for example, autocad_block_name). Format attributes are specific to your format's schema. They are not generically supported by FME and will change when translating to a different format. In general, format attributes are designed for translations to and from the same format, although advanced users may find them useful for writing to other formats when using customized workspaces.
User Attributes
A feature is also associated with one or more associated user attributes, which represent custom attributes that hold domain information about a feature, such as: parcel_identifier, owner_name, date_surveyed, etc. User attributes are always part of the feature no matter which format they are stored in, and hence persist when translating from one format to another.
FME (generic) Format Attributes
A particular set of Format Attributes has the prefix fme_. These attributes represent the data as it is perceived by FME and are sometimes also known as FME attributes or generic FME attributes.
How FME Processes Feature Attributes
When a translation is carried out, the following occurs:
 - FME reads the source data and stores information about its features in format attributes. These format attributes reflect the data that is stored in the original source data.
 - FME converts the source data's format attributes into FME Attributes. These FME attributes reflect the source data as it is perceived within FME.
 - FME writes the destination data by creating a second set of format attributes. These writer format attributes reflect the information as it will be stored in the destination data.
This is why, when a user inspects data, there are two sets of attributes.
Using this method, FME can convert from one format to another, without having to separately map the source format attributes to the destination format attributes for every format.
FME simply converts everything to an FME standard, and then from there to the Writer Format.
The benefit of using generic attributes over format-specific attributes is that they have the same meaning in all the readers and writers that support them. For example, the fme_color and fme_fill_color feature attributes represent the red, green, and blue intensities of a feature. If a format has generic color support, the reader will add both the generic FME color attributes and the format-specific color attributes to features. Writers that support generic color will give precedence to the format-specific color attributes if they are present in addition to the generic attributes.
The most important generic attributes are fme_type and fme_geometry. Both of these relate to the geometry of a feature. The Geometry class represents a feature's positional information. Feature geometry may consist of points, lines, or areas. Features that contain multiple geometric parts are said to have an aggregate geometry. Features with no geometry are also supported.
The distinction between fme_type and fme_geometry is an important one: fme_geometry indicates the geometry type of the actual coordinates, whereas fme_type specifies how that geometry is to be interpreted. For example, a point geometry type can be interpreted as one of the following FME types: point, arc, ellipse, or text. For more information about the valid combinations of fme_type and fme_geometry for features, see the FME Geometry Model.
Additional Format Attributes
Contains a dataset's filename without the path or extension. For example, if you read two files, image1.tif and image2.tif, two features are produced: one with an fme_basename value of image1, and one with a value of image2. If these two features were then written to a PNG writer when fanning out on fme_basename, two new files would be produced: image1.png and image2.png.
Contains path of the dataset, a URL, or the name of a database.
Note: In order for attributes fme_basename and fme_dataset to be read, they must be explicitly exposed in the reader feature type or the FeatureReader transformer.
Contains a dataset's original features (for example, a file, feature class, database, or table).
Controlling Features with Format Attributes


text:
What are goldsmiths renowned for? Give an example from the poem to justify your answer. Who are the patrons of the goldsmith? What does he make for them?
1. Gold ornaments like anklet, wristlet and rings.
2. Golden delicate and light-weight bells for pigeon's feet
3. Gold waist chains called girdles for dancers
4. gold sword covers known as sheaths for kings
- The goldsmiths are renowned for making jewelleries for personal adornment.
- They are making wristlet, anklet and ring for an example.
- The rich people, dancers and the king are the patrons as noted in the poem.
- Goldsmiths are making jewelleries for personal adornment and chain for the feet of blue pigeons. All these are for rich people like nobles and kings. They are also making golden girdles for the dancers and golden sheaths for keeping the king's swords.


text:
This study examines student teaching of elementary teacher preparation programs in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the United States of America (USA). Two programs comparable in program design, course requirements and goals were selected for exploration. The key aspects that were studied about student teaching include its unit ratio in a program, features of placements, written work by student teachers and evaluation. Findings indicate that these programs share the same basic elements related to student teaching but differences exist in student teaching sequence, focus on candidates' practice to assume teaching responsibilities, participation in evaluation and level of peer interaction. The PRC program places an emphasis on teamwork of candidates and makes them active evaluators in a three-step sequence including mock mini lessons. The USA candidates are required to gain considerably more field and teaching experience in duration and number of lessons to teach cross multiple subjects. They also reflect on their practices regularly in addition to fulfilling other credential requirements beyond the program. Educational implications are discussed regarding the characteristics of the programs in an international context.
Student Teaching Practice in Two Elementary Teacher Preparation Programs.
Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 37(1).


text:
Martin De Biasio
Recycling materials prevents waste of potentially useful materials; however, manual sorting is labor intensive and can cause health problems. These limitations led to a demand for fully automated waste-sorting technologies based on machine-vision technologies that can sort tons of waste material every hour and operate for 24 hours a day.
However, there are certain materials that cannot be discriminated with sufficient accuracy using standard off-the-shelf vision components. To properly recycle glass, for example, different types of glasses must be individually sorted. If not, the different glass types each with a different melting point will result in an uncontrolled mixture that when melted will result in recovered glass that is prone to cracking during cooling.
Raman spectroscopy solution
In traditional machine-vision systems, glass materials may be sorted with visible-light camera systems or x-ray fluorescence systems. However, visible-light systems exhibit limited selectivity, and x-ray-based systems are expensive. These limitations can be overcome by using a classical nondestructive laboratory method known as Raman spectroscopy.
The Raman effect occurs when light interacts with the chemical structures in a material. If a material is illuminated with high-energy, monochromatic light—typically a laser light source—the incident light is scattered. Most of this light is elastically scattered by Rayleigh scattering, at the wavelength of the excitation light source, and does not provide any information about the material. However, a small part of the incident light interacts with the material and is inelastically scattered. This causes an energy difference called a Raman shift. The energy shift between the incident laser light and the inelastically scattered light is typically expressed in wavenumbers (cm-1) and is unique to the molecular composition of the material.
Until recently, Raman spectroscopy was considered unsuitable for most industrial imaging applications as it requires long measurement times and is sensitive to stray light. However, advances in camera and spectrometer technology now allow Raman signals to be acquired with high spatial and spectral resolution.
In cooperation with TOMRA Sorting Solutions, Carinthian Tech Research AG has developed a prototype of an industrial inspection system for sorting glass that is based on real-time Raman mapping spectroscopy. An OEM Raman spectrometer is used in combination with a Raman SuperHead fiber-optic probe that was integrated into a TOMRA Autosort scanner housing (see Fig. 1).
|FIGURE 1. In cooperation with TOMRA Sorting Solutions, Carinthian Tech Research AG has developed a prototype of an industrial inspection system based on real-time Raman mapping spectroscopy for sorting glass. A 532-nm laser is moved over the conveyor belt and the Raman spectrometer measures the Raman signal of fireproof and mineral glass samples.|
The spectrometer can measure Raman shifts between -230 cm-1 and 3300 cm-1 with a spectral resolution between 10 cm-1 to 15 cm-1. To enhance signal intensities, a 16-bit thermoelectrically cooled, back-thinned line array CCD sensor with 58 × 1024, 24 × 24-µm pixels is used in the spectrometer.
As glass samples have a high thermal destruct limit, a 532-nm laser with an output power of 2 W is used for the excitation of the glass. The SuperHead probe consists of a laser line filter that filters additional sidebands of the excitation laser, and a Rayleigh filter that blocks the Rayleigh scattered intensity in the Raman spectrum.
A custom lens with a diameter of 3 in. focuses the laser spot to a size of approximately 750 µm2 on the measurement samples at a distance of 250 mm. The front lens focuses the laser spot and collects the Raman scattered light from the measurement samples. A polygonal scanning mirror—i.e., a mirror with multiple facets—that rotates at a constant user-defined speed reflects the laser spot onto the different spatial positions on the conveyor belt and collects the Raman signal at these positions. A specially designed f-theta scanning lens is placed in the beam path after the scanning mirror. This optic ensures that the axis of the focused laser beam is perpendicular to the scanning plane.
To evaluate the system, mineral glasses and fireproof glasses approximately 1-2 cm in diameter were extracted from an industrial recycling process. Mineral glasses were divided into green glass, flint glass, and amber glass. Fireproof glasses were divided into peach glass, caramel glass, faint yellow glass, yellow glass, and honey glass (see Fig. 2).
|FIGURE 2. Mineral glasses and fireproof glasses approximately 1-2 cm in diameter were extracted from an industrial recycling process and used to evaluate the glass sorting system.|
The Raman system operates with a chemometric model, which is stored in the evaluation unit, to discriminate between glass types. Using the fingerprint in the Raman spectrum of the material, mineral glass and fireproof glass can be discriminated. Figure 3 shows typical Raman spectra of fireproof and mineral glass in the fingerprint range between 200 cm-1 and 1200 cm-1.
|FIGURE 3. Individual Raman spectra of glasses are compared with captured values to discriminate between glass types.|
In Fig. 3, there are three characteristic Raman peaks. These are used as features F1, F2, and F3 to discriminate between the glass types. Due to the low readout times for the measurement of the Raman spectrum of each measurement sample, there is spectral noise on the features.
Because of this, each spectrum is smoothed with a Savitzky-Golay smoothing filter and L1-normalized. As the peak position of the features F1, F2, and F3 are stable, the Raman system uses Fn = (I(A) + I(B))/2 - I(C) to calculate the local peak intensity, where I(A) and I(B) are intensities next to the maximum of the peak amplitude and I(C) is the maximum peak intensity of F1, F2, and F3. A linear classifier is then used to discriminate between glass types.
When deploying the system, the Raman spectrometer is interfaced to a PC via USB interface. The PC is also used to interface to a rotating mirror controller from Maxon Motor AG that scans the laser across the field of view of the conveyor. A graphical user interface (GUI) displayed on the PC shows the status of these devices (see Fig. 4). Once connected, the operator closes the aperture of the Raman SuperHead fiber-optic probe and takes a dark spectrum. The dark spectrum is stored in the evaluation unit to compensate for sensor noise and the influence of stray light. Once this is done, the operator opens the aperture, sets the conveyor belt speed and the integration time of the spectrometer, and starts the program.
|FIGURE 4. A graphical user interface (GUI) displayed on the PC shows the status of the spectrometer, the speed of the conveyor, and the status of the rotating motor.|
Depending on the conveyor belt speed, the laser beam is moved over the belt and measures the Raman signals of the glass samples with a minimal readout time of 8 msec. A feedback sensor that is connected to the motor controller provides information when a new facet of the polygonal scanning mirror is in position. The time between two pulses of the feedback sensor is then used to estimate the position on the conveyor belt at which the Raman signal is measured. This position is essential for the subsequent automated sorting process, which is performed with air nozzles that blow out the glass samples into the appropriate container.
To further analyze the measured data, the operator can save all the data to a hard disk. Therefore, he or she simply has to set the data file path and push the save button.
Currently, the Raman system is still in the prototype phase; before it can be applied to industrial glass recycling facilities, the speed of the system must be improved. State-of-the-art sorting systems working in the near-infrared (NIR) scan between 40 and 320 kHz—the Raman spectroscopy system currently operates at a maximum speed of 100 Hz.
Further research will include enhancing the output power of the laser, improving the optical design of the sensor, using larger optics to collect more of the Raman signal, and attaining readout times in the microsecond range. Once the speed of the system has been sufficiently improved, it will be applied to glass sorting in an industrial recycling facility.
Martin De Biasio, Dipl.-Ing., is with Carinthian Tech Research (CTR) AG (Villach, Austria; (_URL_).
Carinthian Tech Research AG
Maxon Motor AG
TOMRA Sorting Solutions
Vision Systems Articles Archives

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Singlish is a spoken language in Singapore derived from English, Malay, various Chinese dialects and Tamil.
Singlish Translation can refer to both Singlish to English as well as Singlish to Chinese translations.
Singlish is a broad category that encompasses "Singdarin" (Singapore Mandarin). Like Singlish, Singadarin conversations are conversations in Mandarin peppered with the same colourful local phrases found in Singlish, albeit with a higher presence of Chinese dialects like Hokkien and Cantonese.
The common application of Singlish Translation occurs in the subtitling of video interviews, where Singlish speech (made up of various dialects and languages) is translated into English or Chinese. Recorded conversations in Singlish used as evidence in legal proceedings are also first transcribed into a written form before they are submitted to the courts.


Instead of using Target Disk Mode, there is another way to quickly transfer files between two MacBook Pro machines using Thunderbolt 3. Thunderbolt networking provides a peer-to-peer connection at 10 GbE speeds for super fast local transfers. In the following brief step-by-step tutorial, we'll show you how.
Step 1: Connect both Thunderbolt 3-enabled Macs together with a Thunderbolt 3 cable.
Step 2: Open System Preferences → Network on the Mac you wish to connect to, and you should see a Thunderbolt Bridge with a Self-Assigned IP. If you don't see the Thunderbolt Bridge, simply click the + button to add one, and note the IP address.
Step 3: Ensure that the Thunderbolt Bridge is enabled on the second Mac that you're connecting from.
Step 4: On the Mac that you're connecting to, open System Preferences → Sharing, and enable File Sharing.
Step 5: On the Mac that you're connecting from, open Finder → Go → Connect to Server.
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Step 6: In the Server Address box, type the IP that you noted in Step 2, and click Connect.
Step 7: On the dialogue box that appears, enter your login credentials for the machine that you wish to connect to and click Connect.
Step 8: Select the volumes that you wish to mount and click OK.
Step 9: Once connected, the volumes that you selected will show up as shared drives. You can now utilize Thunderbolt 3 to transfer files between both machines much faster than using something like AirDrop.
Step 10: Once finished, eject the drive and disconnect the Thunderbolt cable.
If you'd prefer not to fool with network settings, you can use Target Disk Mode along with a Thunderbolt 3 cable to transfer files quickly between two MacBook Pros. I personally prefer to use the Thunderbolt Bridge method, because it allows me to keep both machines booted into macOS while performing the file transfer.


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Direct oceanic emissions unlikely to account for the missing source of atmospheric carbonyl sulfide
Abstract. The climate active trace-gas carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is the most abundant sulfur gas in the atmosphere. A missing source in its atmospheric budget is currently suggested, resulting from an upward revision of the vegetation sink. Tropical oceanic emissions have been proposed to close the resulting gap in the atmospheric budget. We present a bottom-up approach including (i) new observations of OCS in surface waters of the tropical Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans and (ii) a further improved global box model to show that direct OCS emissions are unlikely to account for the missing source. The box model suggests an undersaturation of the surface water with respect to OCS integrated over the entire tropical ocean area and, further, global annual direct emissions of OCS well below that suggested by top-down estimates. In addition, we discuss the potential of indirect emission from CS2 and dimethylsulfide (DMS) to account for the gap in the atmospheric budget. This bottom-up estimate of oceanic emissions has implications for using OCS as a proxy for global terrestrial CO2 uptake, which is currently impeded by the inadequate quantification of atmospheric OCS sources and sinks.


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It's no surprise that constant stress can make people sick, and now a team of researchers has figured out how.
A study focused on 119 men and women who were taking care of spouses with dementia. The health of the caregivers was compared with that of 106 people of similar ages who were not living under the stress of constant care giving. Blood tests showed that a chemical called Interleukin-6 sharply increased in the blood of the stressed caregivers compared with blood of the others in the test. Previous studies have associated IL-6 with several diseases, including heart disease, arthritis, osteoporosis, type-2 diabetes and certain cancers.
The study also found the increase in IL-6 can linger in caregivers for as long as three years after a caregiver had ceased that role because of the spouse's death. Of the test group, 78 spouses died during the survey.
This really makes a link to why chronic stress can actually kill people. Researchers explained that people under stress tend to respond by doing things that can increase their levels of IL-6.
For example, they may smoke or overeat; smoking raises IL-6 levels, and the chemical is secreted by fat cells. Stressed people also may not get enough exercise or sleep, they added. Exercise reduces IL-6, they said, and normal sleep helps regulate levels of the chemical.
Thus it clearly points to the need to control stress better.


An obstetrician wants to learn whether the amount of prenatal care and the wantedness of the pregnancy are associated. He randomly selects 939 women who had recently given birth and asks them to disclose whether their pregnancy was intended, unintended or mistimed. In addition they were to disclose when they started receiving prenatal care. If ever. The results of the survey are as follows
Wantedness of pregnancy Less than 3 months 3 to 5 months More than 5 months
intended 593 26 33
unintended 64 8 11
mistimed 169 19 16
a. compute the expected values of each cell under the assumption of independence
b. verify that the requirements for performing a chi square test of independence are satisfied.
c. Compute the chi square test statistic
d. Test whether prenatal care and the wantedness of pregnancy are independed at the α=0.05 level of significance
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Custom Counter#
All configured counters are displayed here in a list.
Counters can be added via the Add counter button.
You are also able to reset a counter to 1 with the Reset button.
Also you can delete a counter with the Delete button.
All counters are also available/usable in list edit, mass change, templates and automatically generated inventory number from object type configuration. In addition, the counters can also be used with text fields of custom categories.
For example for the "Title" attribute in the "General" category. It is entered manually in the corresponding field. Each time the counter is used, it is incremented by 1.
Creating a custom counter#
After a counter has been added, it must be given its own title. The %COUNTER_ text is not editable.
A complete counter looks e.g. like this %COUNTER_CUSTOMTEXT%. A saved counter is not editable anymore.
Set leading zeros#
If you need leading zeros use them in a template or while creating a new Object. To use leading zeros you need to add #N to the counter while creating a object.
If you create a Client which title should be like Client_00001 you need to insert Client_%COUNTER_CLIENTS#5% as title.
Set starting number#
However, if the counter is intended to start at 125 instead of 1, then you need to alter the created counter in the expert settings of the tenant.
Open the expert settings and search for cmdb.counter, you will find your counter also by name if you counter is called %COUNTER_CLIENT% than the name is cmdb.counter.counter_client.
Now alter the value to the desired starting number and hit the save button.


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NASA Grant To Fund Online Professional Development for Climate Change Education
PBS Teacherline, the online preK-12 professional development resource of the Public Broadcasting Service, has announced it has received a NASA Global Climate Change Education (GCCE) Grant to provide professional development courses and teaching resources to encourage the teaching of climate change topics in conjunction with science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) education.
The rise in awareness of global warming and the myriad of related ecological, biological, and economic issues has led to great consternation, especially among young people. A 2007 survey concluded that among middle school-aged children in the United States, U.K., and Australia climate change is of greater concern than disease, terrorism, or war.
As with just about any topic of concern, education, NASA said, is the key to practical, reasoned approaches and panic avoidance. The $600,000 GCCE Grant is aimed at ensuring that teachers are adequately trained to educate students to the point at which they'll understand the issues and dangers, ask the necessary questions, set realistic priorities, and possibly become either politically or occupationally active in dealing with the ongoing problem.
PBS TeacherLine's program under the grant "uses an innovative approach to provide teacher professional development and create highly useful, sustainable teaching modules that will greatly enhance the skills of science teachers and positively impact student learning," said NASA GCCE Project Manager Sharon Welch. "The program is well aligned with NASA's goals and education mission as these high-quality courses and related modules will broaden middle and high school teachers' knowledge of climate change while also increasing their awareness and use of critical NASA data, tools and resources."
The grant will primarily fund two online professional development courses on the topic for middle and high school teachers. The courses will include:
- Strengthening teachers' knowledge of the science of climate change;
- Enabling teachers to use STEM instructional techniques to investigate climate change with their students; and
- Facilitating the integration of data, models, and other resources from NASA into classroom instruction; data come from current missions such as Terra, Aura, and SORCE, through which NASA is generating information for the study of climate change, including measurements of atmospheric temperatures, sea ice thickness and extent, solar radiation, sea surface height, and aerosol concentrations.
In addition, the grant will fund 10 online self-paced learning modules that will provide instruction on critical, up-to-date knowledge to teachers of climate change, as well as activities that can serve to augment classroom instruction.
Said Melinda George, senior director of PBS TeacherLine, "The Teaching Climate Change program explores arguably the most pervasive and influential issue of our time to ensure teachers and students gain the knowledge and skills needed to be successful in the 21st century and protect Earth for generations to come."
The professional development courses and modules are slated to become available through Teacherline beginning in summer 2012.
Scott Aronowitz is a freelance writer based in Las Vegas. He has covered the technology, advertising, and entertainment sectors for seven years. He can be reached here.


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Following the World Summit on Children in 1990 and Malaysia's formulation of the National Plan of Action for Children (NPA), the Social Welfare Department and UNICEF work, hand-in-hand, to promote child participation in civil rights which include rights to information, expression and decision making.
Through this partnership, children and adolescents are trained to be facilitators and peer educators to promote the Convention on the Rights of the Child and create awareness for the prevention of violence and abuse against children. Young Malaysians are also given opportunities to contribute to the preparation of the NPA for 2001-2010; and to participate in various international and regional meetings.
In recognition of the special place young people have in society, Malaysia's launch of the Say Yes campaign, part of the Global Movement for Children in 2001, was officiated by the Prime Minister. Malaysia's children also attended the UN General Assembly Special Session on Children in 2002.
In 2006, UNICEF continued its partnership with the Social Welfare Department to document Malaysia's best practices on child participation.
9 October 2006:
2 February 2006:
25 November 2005:
14 December 2006:


Hazal Hazal
Mandatory Volunteering
B1,B2 level
In this lesson, the students will have a receptive skills lesson to practice reading for gist and detail comprehension with the help of unblocking key vocabularies in the text.
Abc True or False Statements
Abc Scanning Questions
Abc Matching tasks hand outs
Main Aims
 - To provide gist and scan reading practice using a text about mandatory volunteering in the context of schools
Subsidiary Aims
 - To provide clarification of adjectives and nouns in the context of problems wit mandatory volunteering
The ss will talk about what volunteering is by having a photo of volunteered people on the board.
The ss will scan the text to have some main ideas by trying to answer the questions.
Ss will have to evaluate the sentences to decide whether they are true or false.
The teacher reflects some photos on the board that the ss study at the beggining of the lesson to guess the meaning of them to practice vocabulary.
Web site designed by: Nikue


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Add PinHawk to your Safe Senders List
Manage your Spam Filter
Whether on a MAC or PC use the instructions here to unblock your PinHawk emails. Add to your contacts soit will never go to spam.
Follow the instructions for MicroSoft Office Outlook for MAC or PC here.
Now that Hotmail is Outlook.com, how do I add someone to my safe senders list?
To add an email address to your safe senders list using the Outlook.com user interface, follow the steps below:
- 1. In your Outlook inbox, click the gear icon beside your Profile name.
- 2. Click Mail more settings.
- 3. Under Preventing Junk email, click Safe and blocked senders.
- 4. On the Safe and blocked senders page, click Safe senders.
- 5. On the Safe senders page, under Sender or domain to mark as safe, enter then click "Add to list".
All PinHawk Newsletters are sent from an address that includes the newsletter "name" in the form of an email.Add the email to your contact list following these steps and this avoids the emails from going into spam:
- 1. Select contacts from the options on the left side of the Gmail Inbox.
- 2. Select Create Contact on the top menu.
- 3. Enter in the primary email box.
- 4. Select Save.
For AOL users you can add PinHawk to your contact list and avoid missing a single issue follow these steps:
- 1. Open the PinHawk newsletter in your email
- 2. Click Add Address icon
- 3. Verify the PinHawk information:
- 4. Click "save"
- 1. Click on the Addresses tab in the upper right corner of the Mailbox window
- 2. Click on the New drop-down menu and select New Contact.
- 3. Type in the Screen Name field and click the Save button.


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In partnership with Pfister Energy, a commercial solar developer, Greenskies Clean Focus has completed installing ten solar systems for the Township of Union Public Schools. The projects, totaling 3 MW, will produce 3.5 million kW annually, offsetting 74% of the schools' electrical use and saving over $370,000 on annual energy costs.
"This is a 'green' project for our District," said Marissa McKenzie, Board of Education President. "It proves that being environmentally conscious and fiscally responsible are attainable goals. In this case, we were able to make significant progress towards both of these goals simultaneously."
These projects are part of the District's Energy Savings Improvement Plan, which is regulated and approved by the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities. According to Schneider Electric, these solar projects will save more than $5.6 million over the life of the systems. Because of these savings, the District was also able to have more than $14 million approved for other school facility improvements.
"There was no upfront cost to the District, and the energy savings helped pay for other critical upgrades – all at zero cost to taxpayers," said Superintendent Dr. Scott Taylor.


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Whenever you feel that your jewellery piece has lost some of its original brilliance, rub its surface delicately with a soft brush and room temperature water (for mother-of-pearl and ceramic, use a soft cloth rather than a brush). The following recommendations apply when cleaning jewellery:
- Never use chemicals or solvents.
- Don't use ultrasonic devices for mother-of-pearl and other gemstones.
- Let your fine jewellery dry by itself or use a soft cloth to help.
- Only store your items once they are dry.


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The following papers have been written by academia and make use of AspenTech software.
In this paper, we discuss the results of a simulation study for a biomass gasifier integrated with a PEM fuel cell. The system study comprises reforming and cleanup units as well. The HYSYS 3.1- ASPEN code has been used for simulation. The biomass source is hazelnut shells. It is desired to investigate both the overall system efficiency and the net electrical efficiency.
Fuel properties, gasification and reforming operation parameters affect the overall system efficiency. The net electrical efficiency is determined by the fuel conversion system efficiencies and fuel cell efficiency as well as on the heat integration within the wholesystem.
Currently, hazelnut shells are combusted in small scale ovens for residential purposes being far away from sustainability. Results indicate that integration of gasification with PEM fuel cell presents a sustainable way of power generation.
This paper summarizes the results of a study for a 100 kWe DCelectrical power PEM fuel cell system. The system consists of a pre-steam reformer, a steam reformer, high and low temperature shift reactors, a preferential oxidation reactor, a PEM fuel cell, a combustor and an expander. Acceptable net electrical efficiency levels can be achieved via intensive heat integration within the PEM fuel cell system. The calculations take into account the auxiliary equipment such as pumps, compressors, heaters, coolers, heat exchangers and pipes. The process simulation package ''Aspen-HYSYS 3.1'' has been used. The operation parameters of the reactors have been determined considering all the technical limitations involved. A gasoline type hydrocarbon fuel has been studied as hydrogen rich gas source. Thermal efficiencies have been calculated for all of the major system components for select edoperation conditions. The fuel cell stack efficiency has been calculated as a function of cell numbers (500, 750, 1000 and 1250cells). Efficiencies of all of the major system components along with auxiliary unit efficiencies determine the net electrical efficiency of the PEM fuel cell system. The obtained net electrical efficiency levels are between 34 (500 cells) to 41% (1250 cells).
This paper presents the results of a study for a 100 kW net electrical power PEM fuel cell system. The major system components are an autothermal reformer, high and low temperature shift reactors, a preferential oxidation reactor, a PEM fuel cell, a combustor and an expander. Intensive heat integration within the PEM fuel cell system has been necessary to achieve acceptable net electrical efficiency levels. The calculations comprise the auxiliary equipment such as pumps, compressors, heaters, coolers, heat exchangers and pipes. The process simulation package ''Aspen-HYSYS'' has been used along with conventional calculations. The operation conditions of the auto thermal reformer have been studied in detail to determine the values, which lead to the production of a hydrogen rich gas mixture with CO concentration at ppm level. The operation parameters of the other reactors have been determined considering the limitations implied by the catalysts involved. A gasoline type hydrocarbon fuel has been studied as the source for hydrogen production. The chemical composition of the hydrocarbon fuel affects the optimum operation conditions of auto thermal reforming and the following fuel purification steps.Thermal efficiencies have been calculated for all of the major system components for selected operation conditions. The fuel cellstack efficiency has been calculated as a function of number of cells (500 to 1250 cells). Efficiencies of all of the major system components along with auxiliary unit efficiencies determine the net electrical efficiency of the PEM fuel cell system. The obtained net electrical efficiency levels are between 30 (500 cells) to 37%(1250 cells). Hence, they are comparable with or higher than those of the conventional gasoline based engine systems. Keywords: Autothermal reforming, hydrocarbon fuel, PEM fuel cell.
As more and more students gain access to computers, the idea of implementing Internet-based chemical engineering courses becomes more of a reality. With web-based learning comes new opportunities and challenges for both faculty and students. In courses where hands-on learning directly facilitated by an instructor is not required, web-based classes offer students the flexibility to complete coursework while still maintaining full-time employment, or when schedule conflicts between classes occur. The independent learning style challenges students to gain a greater understanding of the course material, as interactions between classmates can be limited. A student gains the ability to complete the course at their own pace, which allows the student to blend the needs of the web-based course with other courses or activities.
The key to web-based learning is communication. The ease of communication between the professors and the students, the ability of students to communicate with each other and the ability of the students to easily find and access the information they require are all vital to a successful web-based learning experience. Successful communication in a web-based course is dependent on the web site interface chosen and on the willingness of both the professors and students to utilize the tools of the web site.
This paper explores these issues from the perspectives of two students who have completed the University of Calgary Process Dynamics and Control course via the Internet, and the instructors involved with the course. By investigating the benefits and challenges to web-based learning and offering possible solutions to these challenges, it is shown that web-based learning can become an integral part of any Chemical Engineering program.
Navigate to the 2003 conference proceedings to obtain the publication.
Click on the link above to learn how to obtain this publication.
If you have a Web page that describes the use of AspenTech software for education or contains examples, send us your URL.


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Bandwidth allocation in Bluetooth scatternets
Publikation/Tidskrift/Serie: Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Computer and Information Sciences
Förlag: Taylor & Francis
This paper deals with bandwidth allocation in a Bluetooth scatternet. The proposed assignment of transmission rights provides a controlled traffic transfer between Bluetooth piconets and represents a key component in an ad-hoc wireless Bluetooth network in order to provide with efficient data packet passing within and across piconets. This assignment is obtained by executing a distributed algorithm in each node. The algorithm works for unrestricted topologies of both stationary and mobile networks and also deals with assignment changes caused by network re-configurations without the use of a centralized factor. The effect of this re-assignment can be limited to the locality of that topology change. The construction of a link schedule of minimum length in a Bluetooth scatternet is NP-complete.
- Technology and Engineering
17th International Symposium on Computer and Information Sciences
Orlando, Fl, United States
- ISBN: 9780849314902


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Jackie Thomas Swanson was born on the Warm Springs reservation and later spent time with her grandmother on the Muckleshoot reservation. Jackie's family emphasized to her that she was a descendant of the ancient people of the Northwest, the Duwamish. Jackie also claims ancestry with the Yakama and Nez Perce tribes.
Family is important to Jackie. She refers to the difficulties facing many Native people regarding marriage: of having to make decisions on whether to marry inter-tribally or taking on non-Indian partners. She shares that because the Native community is tightly-knit, tribal members must be aware of family ties, and look beyond those ties when choosing life partners. By following the theme of family, Jackie describes how intergenerational connectedness supports Native tradition.


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Congratulations to David K. Thomson, Winner of 2023 Wiley-Silver Prize
The Center for Civil War Research at the University of Mississippi is proud to announce David K. Thomson as the winner of the 2023 Wiley-Silver Prize for Bonds of War: How Civil War Financial Agents Sold the World on the Union (University of North Carolina Press, 2022). The prize is awarded annually to the best first book published in Civil War history during the preceding year. The full citation from the prize committee is below. For more on the Wiley-Silver Prize, please visit _URL_
Report of the Wiley-Silver Prize Committee on Bonds of War:
"With its clear prose, perceptive analysis, and extensive archival research, David Thomson's Bonds of War explains how the Union financed the Civil War by marketing its securities across the globe and democratizing its debt through public war drives. The international dimensions of Thomson history show us how the cost of the Civil War attracted European investors who owned half of all United States national debt by 1869. Historians who have focused on the neutrality of European governments have missed how these private investors supported the Union war effort. Through impressive archival research in libraries from eight countries, Thomson recovers the stories of these foreign financiers who contributed more than $400 million in war bonds and changed the world financial system by making it interdependent on America's success. Domestically, Thomson follows agents who sold bonds to every corner of the nation. Middle-class Americans who had opened savings accounts before the war redirected their money to higher interest bonds, thus connecting their personal profits to national patriotism. Investors living behind Confederate lines bought bonds to express allegiance or hedge their bets against a losing cause. While other scholars have stressed how Civil War greenbacks revolutionized American currency, Thomson makes a persuasive case for the importance of bonds as democratic agents and financial instruments. His book shows how war bonds raised confidence not only in the United States government but also in investment banking. Looking beyond the Civil War era to these lasting effects, Bonds of War helps to contextualize the Reconstruction railroad bonds and Gilded Age speculations that built modern Wall Street."