Help and Advice
Select a shower type and hit 'Apply'
Why does the water temperature from my mixer shower sometimes fluctuate from very cold to very hot?
your mixer shower is a manual type and not thermostatic. Common reasons for this symptom are:
 - Water being drawn off at other outlets or appliances is adversely affecting the pressure and flow to the shower.
 - Shower plumbed in wrong i.e. cold mains and gravity-fed hot water.
We always recommend thermostatic mixer showers.
The flow from my gravity fed mixer shower is less than I expected?
Flow rate from mixer showers varies depending on the available head of water (the hight of your cold water tank) and restrictions within the supply pipe work and shower valve. Commonly flow rates are between 3 and 5 litres per minute. To ensure optimum performance from a gravity fed shower the following guidance should be followed.
 1. Follow manufacturer recommendations regarding pipe size
 2. Ensure the mixer is specified for low pressure application
 3. check if suitable for a booster pump to increase flow/pressure
For gravity-fed systems Aqualisa mixer valves will usually provide better flow rates than other manufactures.
Is my water system suitable for a mixer shower?
Mixer showers manual or thermostatic, are compatible with the following plumbing systems,
 - Gravity-fed hot and cold supplies (Tank in loft and hot water cylinder in airing cupboard or both in loft)
 - Fully-modulating combination boiler / gas water heater
 - Mains pressurised unvented system
 - Mains pressurised thermal store
 - Gravity-fed hot and cold supplies via remote pump
if you have an existing gravity fed shower you can add a pump for a better preforming shower.
When I turn on my electric shower water starts leaking out from the bottom of the unit, why?
If water is leaking from a clear plastic tube or small plastic elbow,a small red rubber ball in Mira shower units then the Pressure Relief Device (PRD) has been activated.
The PRD is a safety device designed to relieve abnormal pressure from within the heater assembly of an electric shower when a restriction occurs.
The most common reasons for the PRD to activate are that the showerhead has become blocked or there is a restriction in the shower hose, if you squeeze or kink the shower hose while on, the pressure build up could blow the PRD.
What size supply fuse /mcb is required when installing an electric shower?
The mcb size must be equal to or the nearest size above the kilowatt rating of the shower see table below. Older type wire fuses are not recommended for electric showers
 - 7kW = 32amp mcb
 - 7.5kW = 32amp mcb
 - 8kW = 40amp mcb
 - 8.5kW = 40amp mcb
 - 9.5kw = 40/45amp mcb
 - 10.5kW = 45/50amp mcb
Shower isolation switch
A common problem regarding electric showers is the pull cord Switch, we replace this with a 50amp switch manufactured by MK or Crabtree as the cheaper alternatives do not seem to last.
Remember if the red light on the pull switch is on, it means power is getting to the switch but the switch may still be faulty, not allowing full power to reach the shower unit,It may have bad connections (high resistance) there must be 230v/240v in the shower unit connector block.
My electric shower is indicating low pressure what should I check?
Check you have good water pressure and flow at kitchen sink or outside tap,these are fed from the mains supply as is your shower.
Check stop cock and shower isolation valves and are fully open Check inlet filter is not blocked with debris if above all check out then you will probably require a new flow/regulator valve fitted
Which electric shower is suitable for a retrofit replacements?
It all depends on the layout of the shower you are replacing. Is the wall tiled behind the shower? not always, this may involve additional tiling or a shower with a larger footprint. There is no magic one shower will fit all.
The Triton T80Z is recommended as a replacement for all previous models of Triton T80, T80Mk3, T80i, T80si and T80xr.
The T80Z is also an ideal replacement for other makes and models as water and cable entry points can be connected to the left and right hand side of the unit.
The Mira jump specifically designed for replacement of right hand side water inlet electric showers, Retrofits Triton, Aqualisa and many other electric showers
The New Bristan range also has multiple cable and water inlet configurations and was designed as a replacement shower, and is available in four models.
All these showers have a good lay out for retrofits, with more flexibility in both the pipe inlet and electrical connections. And a decent footprint to cover existing holes in your wall.
There is no magic one shower will fit all.
Remember we can supply and fit a suitable shower, or alter your services to suit, if you want a particular model of shower.
Having reset the MCB my electric shower is now not heating the water fully, why?
The most likely reason why the unit is not heating the water fully is that a heating element has failed. Which would cause the mcb to trip.
Note: If an element has failed other parts within the unit may have been affected it is therefore important to check all the electrical circuits in the unit for signs of failure, Depending on the shower type and cost of replacement parts we might recommend a replacement shower.
Why does my electric shower cycle between hot and cold continually?
Electric showers heat cold water on demand via an integral heater tank. Should the water inside the heater tank become excessively hot, a safety device known as the thermal cut out switch ( t c o ) is activated which isolates the electrical supply to the heater tank and allows the water to cool. Once the water has cooled. to a safe temperature, the heater tank's electrical supply is restored so the shower will again and deliver heated water.
Any build-up of dirt soap hair etc. in the shower head restricts the flow, meaning water cannot escape quickly enough through the shower and remains in the heater tank for longer than necessary. The water will then overheat and cool down. (cycling)
 To fix this problem, you should ensure that the shower head is cleaned on a regular basis, Also a kink or blockage in the shower hose will also restrict the flow and result in this symptom, shower hoses and heads are available with different flow rates so check if these have been replaced and revert to the originals, make sure the main stop cock and any isolation valves to the shower are fully open to allow a full flow of water..If this doesn't work you will need to call us out to inspect the shower.
Can I seal or tile up to an electric shower on the wall?
Under no circumstances should an electric shower be sealed to the wall There are feet in each corner of the shower's rear-casing which keep it proud of the wall by a few millimetres and allow ventilation around the side and back of the shower unit Without this ventilation it will be prone to over heating which will subsequently cause failure or damage to the internal components.
If I have an existing combination boiler can I install a mixer shower?
It depends if your boiler is fully-modulating or step-modulating as far as showering is concerned your boiler must be fully-modulated.
Newer boilers are generally fully modulated, and are suitable for mixer showers.
If you are unsure whether your old combination boiler / gas water heater is fully-modulating or step-modulating you should check your instructions or contact the manufacturer for advice.( Most combination boilers are suuitable )
A wee bit techi....!
The heat output from a fully-modulating combination boiler can be varied from full off to full on, giving fine control between the minimum and maximum temperatures it produces. This is performed by the boiler's gas control valve automatically varying the amount of gas it allows through in direct relation to the water outlet flow (Good for mixer showers)
check your instructions or contact the manufacturer for advice. Link for manufactures contacts
The water temperature from my mixer is too cool, what can I check?
Check that the hot water temperature at basin taps is acceptable (this should be approximately 55 to 60°C). If it is not, then the thermostat on the hot water system (e.g. hot water cylinder or combination boiler) needs adjusting.
Check whether the showering temperature is acceptable by pressing the'maximum temperature stop' override button (if fitted on the mixer) and increasing it to a higher setting? If it is then you can reset the'maximum temperature stop. If these steps don't work, then we would have to inspect the shower valve and check the thermostatic cartridge
Why will my mixer shower not turn off?
This is due to failure of the flow control valve, there should be separate isolation valves fitted to the shower supply pipe. Turn these off, if you can not locate these turn main stop cock off.
What is the difference between a pressure-balanced mixer shower and a thermostatic mixer shower?
Mixer showers are supplied with hot and cold water and these supplies can vary in temperature and pressure. A pressure-balanced mixer shower recognises and compensates for fluctuations in the incoming water pressure in order to maintain a showering temperature within +/- 2°C.
However, pressure-balanced mixer showers do not make allowances for fluctuations in the incoming water temperature and under such circumstances the


text:
To mend difficult fractures // and correct deformities // bones are being wrenched apart // to help them heal.
Filling the Gap
In the realm of scientific discovery, distraction osteogenesis qualifies more as happenstance than intentional innovation. Who knows whether anyone would ever have tried to pull a fractured bone apart to get it to heal if a patient hadn't accidentally reversed the tightening rod that was supposed to push together the ends of his fractured femur. And if the doctor who noticed the result—new bone filling in the gap between the separated segments—hadn't been Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov, surgeons might not have practiced this revolutionary tissue-engineering technique until decades later, if ever. "I might have told the patient, 'Don't do that again,' but the genius of Ilizarov was that he wondered, 'How can I get this to happen again?'" says J. Tracy Watson, chief of orthopedic traumatology at the St. Louis University School of Medicine.
Most of the world didn't hear of Ilizarov's technique, which he named distraction osteogenesis in 1951, for more than 30 years. A general practitioner, and a Jew, Ilizarov had been ordered off to the industrial city of Kurgan in Siberia to tend to the wounds of soldiers returning from the Second World War.
With so many patients suffering from bone infections and missing bone from bullet wounds, Ilizarov became an orthopedist by necessity. And with resources severely constrained, his distraction apparatuses were primitive. The external frame that encircled the outside of fractured bones was made from head gaskets cut from old tanks; the pins that he drilled through the fractured bone and affixed to the external frame were fashioned from bicycle spokes. By tightening the spokes, Ilizarov would slowly force the bone segments apart.
Experimenting on dogs, Ilizarov found that new bone would spontaneously form if broken bone was distracted at the rate of one millimeter per day—coincidentally, the same rate at which stretched nerves will regenerate. Distracting just 0.25 millimeters at a time, four times a day, worked even better and caused less pain. But the Cold War and a repressive medical bureaucracy kept Ilizarov's discovery buried until 1967, when he cured the badly broken and infected tibia and fibula of Valery Brumel, a Soviet high jumper and Olympic gold medalist. Then, more than a dozen years later, Ilizarov used distraction to mend the infected tibia of the Italian mountaineer Carlo Mauri. That finally attracted the attention of European surgeons, and during a trauma fellowship in Switzerland, in 1986, Watson saw distraction osteogenesis being performed.
"I sneaked over to Germany and saw surgeons sticking piano wires into skin to pull apart bone," he recalls. "I couldn't believe what I was seeing. At first look, you had to say it was insane."
For years, that was the consensus among Western doctors—that distraction osteogenesis was the antithesis of rational medical practice. In 1987, when Watson, then at the Cleveland Clinic, used the technique to save the leg of a patient whose badly fractured tibia had refused to heal, a senior doctor termed the procedure "the tool of the devil." But Watson and other orthopedists, including James Aronson, director of the Laboratory for Limb Regeneration Research and chief of pediatric orthopedics at Arkansas Children's Hospital in Little Rock, pursued the technique. Ilizarov (accompanied by KGB agents) eventually traveled to the United States, and two dozen American doctors, including Watson and Aronson, visited his institute in the USSR, where they operated on Soviet patients. Slowly the approach gained acceptance, and today distraction osteogenesis is used to treat some of the most challenging orthopedic conditions: fractures that won't mend, limb deformities and bone defects from trauma, infection or cancer.
Theoretically, any bone can be distracted, and in Russia, surgeons actually distract the skull after a stroke with something "that looks like a medieval torture device," Watson says. "Distraction causes microcapillaries to form and creates a new blood supply to the area. So by freeing up small sections of bone over the area of the brain that has sustained the stroke, you increase the blood flow. But of course, we'd be probably thrown out of the hospital if we tried that treatment here."
For defects elsewhere in the head, however, maxillofacial and plastic surgeons have enthusiastically embraced distraction. "It has revolutionized and simplified craniofacial surgery," says Joseph McCarthy, professor of plastic surgery and director of the Institute of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery at New York University Langone Medical Center. McCarthy performed the first craniofacial distraction procedure in 1989 and now does at least 50 a year to correct such defects as cleft palate, malformed jaws that interfere with breathing and Crouzon syndrome, in which premature fusion of skull bones prevents the skull and facial bones from developing normally. "For children with Crouzon syndrome, for example, we can use distraction to move the upper jaw, the cheekbones, the nose and the eye sockets in one block," McCarthy says.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The Lost City in the Catalinas
The Nine Mile City is found again
Hidden deep within the majestic Santa Catalina mountains, north of Tucson, Arizona are ancient ruins that may be linked to the legends of the mine with the iron door and the lost city.
The site is near the Cañada del Oro in an extremely remote area of the Catalinas.
The remains of nearly a half dozen stone constructed buildings are scattered in an area that is suspected to be connected with the famous legend of the Iron Door Mine.
Nearby, extensive mining activities have been conducted for hundreds of years.
Evidence of mining shafts, tunnels and early human activity have been founded and documented. The U.S. Forest Service retains these items.
The legend tied to the lost city, and the nearby mines involves the Spanish missionaries in the early 1700s.
According to the legends, the Spanish forced the local natives to work the gold mines until the expulsion of the Jesuit missionaries in 1767. The location of the mine and community became lost.
The Nine Mile City of The Santa Catarinas ("Nueva Mia Ciudad") was reportedly rediscovered by two men in an article published in the Arizona Weekly Star on March 4, 1880.
The prospectors said they came to the area "on January 10, 1880 for the express purpose of exploring the mountains for the NuevaMia Ciudad and the mine with the iron door." Actually, milla is Spanish for mile.
The newspaper article described their journey into the Cañada del Oro in search of the mysterious ruins and lost gold mine of the Spaniards.
An article in the February 17, 1891 edition of the Tombstone Prospector reported a recent "New Discovery." It was one of the earliest mentions of a lost city and a mine with an iron door.
21st Century Expedition to the Lost City
The next expedition to the Lost City and Iron Door Mine is planned for October 2011.
A film documentary is planned with more details of the remnants left behind. The Lost City/Lost Mine expedition is headed by Flint Carter who rediscovered the ruins and lost mine in the 1980s. Carter has held several mining claims in the area.
Carter hopes to establish a link between these structures and the first building of one of the San Xavier mission stone houses for the missionaries. Carter also wants to compare the structures to a building at the edge of the Catalinas that once served as a stage depot and possible mission in earlier times.
Lost City Links
2. "Lost Mines of Arizona and Sonora" Arizona Silver Belt, Globe City, Arizona, December 3, 1892, image 1 _URL_


text:
Honey bee population is under great threat. We lost many species of honey bees due to our acts. If we do not take action now, we may regret soon as disappearance of bees can have negative impact on human population too!
Tag: Honey special
Food chain giant McDonald's recently opened a smallest restaurant for worlds' special customer. This small McDonald's built opposite McDonald's restaurant called McHive is opened only for Honey Bees
Medihoney are bandages covered in honey manufactured by Derma Sciences!
If needed they fly up to 1.5 km from hive. Scout bees vibrate their wings swiftly if they find nectar within 100 meters of the hive.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Dec 192019
ADM
How to measure execution time in Golang
 - December 19 2019
 - ADM

How to measure execution time in Golang - golang

To mesure the time used by an application in Golang or of a code section the functions time.Now() and time.Since() can be used.
Code Section Timing
package main
import (
 "fmt"
 "time"
)
func main() {
 fmt.Println("Simple time measurement Golang Example")
 fmt.Println("")
 start := time.Now()
 //measuring the durration of the for loop
 for index := 0; index < 10; index++ {
 time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)
 }
 elapsed := time.Since(start)
 fmt.Printf("The 'for' loop took %s", elapsed)
}
Note: For this simple example it was used a for loop with 10 iterations having a 500 milliseconds sleep period.
Output
Simple time measurement Golang Example
The 'for' loop took 5.000286s
Note: The result is this example is expected based on the loop. 10 iterations X 500 milliseconds = ~ 5 sec
Function Timing
To measure the execution time for a function it's easier to create an separate function that measure the time, and using defer to the measuring function in the beginning of the function we want to measure will ensure that the measuring function will be executed the last before leaving the current function.
package main
import (
 "fmt"
 "time"
)
func timeMeasurement(start time.Time) {
 elapsed := time.Since(start)
 fmt.Printf("Execution time: %s", elapsed)
}
func workerFunction() {
 defer timeMeasurement(time.Now())
 fmt.Println("Running 'workerFunction' function")
 for index := 0; index < 10; index++ {
 time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)
 }
}
func main() {
 fmt.Println("Function time measurement Golang Example")
 fmt.Println("")
 workerFunction()
}
Output
Function time measurement Golang Example
Running 'workerFunction' function
Execution time: 5.001286s
Compile&Run
To compile the code navigate to the file location and run the following command.
$ go build timeMeasurement.go
Assuming that timeMeasurement.go is the name of your file.
Then depending on if you are on Linux or Windows the binary file is created.
To run the application execute the command.
Linux
$ ./timeMeasurement
Windows
c:\Users\adm\go\tutorials> timeMeasurement.exe
If you want to compile and run the application in one single step run the following command:
go run timeMeasurement.go
References


text:
Fixed Skewed Wing Airborne Vehicle.
DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE WASHINGTON D C
Pagination or Media Count:
The patent application relates to improvement to a fixed-wing airborne vehicle which results in significant delay drag rise well into the transonic regime. The fundamental features of the improvement include fixedly skewing the wings at 45 degrees shaping the outboard ends of the wing tips so that the trailing edge of the forwardly disposed wing is swept forwardly, and so that the leading edge of the rearwardly disposed wing is swept rearwardly and, blending the leading and the trailing edges of the planform. This increases the local chord and controls the longitudinal position of the maximum thickness in the root area i.e., at the interface of the inboard tip end of each wing with the fuselage.


text:
A PUF-Based Approach for Copy Protection of Intellectual Property in Neural Network Models
More and more companies' Intellectual Property (IP) is being integrated into Neural Network (NN) models. This IP has considerable value for companies and, therefore, requires adequate protection. For example, an attacker might replicate a production machines' hardware and subsequently simply copy associated software and NN models onto the cloned hardware. To make copying NN models onto cloned hardware infeasible, we present an approach to bind NN models - and thus also the IP contained within them - to their underlying hardware. For this purpose, we link an NN model's weights, which are crucial for its operation, to unique and unclonable hardware properties by leveraging Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs). By doing so, sufficient accuracy can only be achieved using the target hardware to restore the original weights, rendering proper execution of the NN model on cloned hardware impossible. We demonstrate that our approach accomplishes the desired degradation of accuracy on various NN models and outline possible future improvements.
Authors: Daniel Dorfmeister, Flavio Ferrarotti, Bernhard Fischer, Martin Schwandtner and Hannes Sochor.
Software Competence Center Hagenberg GmbH


Fpga Based Implementation Of Digit Recognition
925 Words4 Pages
FPGA BASED IMPLEMENTATION OF DIGIT RECOGNITION Under Supervision of : Dr. Pavan Chakaraborty. Group members: IEC2012015 IEC2012028 IEC2012041 IEC2012089 IEC2012090 Table of Contents About platforms used: 4 Xilinx ISE: 4 Web Edition: 4 MATLAB: [matlab] 4 Feature extraction: 5 Algorithm speed up using FPGA implementation: 6 [parallization abitlity of NN] 6 Conclusion 7 Result: [Verilog outputs] 4 References 7 About platforms used: Xilinx ISE: "Xilinx ISE[xilinx] (Integrated Software Environment) is a software tool produced by Xilinx for synthesis and analysis of HDL designs, enabling the developer to synthesize ("compile") their designs, perform timing analysis, examine RTL diagrams, simulate a design 's reaction to…show more content…
More than a million engineers and scientists in industry and academia use MATLAB, the language of technical computing. [3]" Feature extraction: The method of feature extraction is based on the spatial distribution of the black and white pixels in the image space. We are assuming that the difference of distribution of pixels for each digit are sufficient enough to classify them. All of extracted features are integer and could be implemented with only add and subtract operation on FPGA [4]. We divide the image into multiple horizontal and vertical sections and the analysis of accuracies can be done using this table. [insert the table of trade off] It can be observed that as we are increasing the number of sections, the accuracy is also increasing. Taking consideration of efficient use of hardware resources four horizontal and four vertical sections can be chosen safely. [figure showing 8 blocks] To count the number of pixels in each section 8 binary ripple Algorithm speed up using FPGA implementation: [parallization abitlity of NN] Conclusion For the implementation
 More about Fpga Based Implementation Of Digit Recognition
 Open Document


text:
This article shows how to specify the MAC address of the WAN Interface on Vigor Router. This is a workaround if your ISP restricts Internet access to their modems by recognizing the MAC addresses, or if you are in a network where the Network Administrator requires registering the MAC address first for a device to get Internet access, which is quite common in dormitories.
1. To change the MAC address of the WAN interface, go to WAN >> Internet Access, click Details Page of the WAN you are going to configure.
2. At the lower right of the profile box, select "Specify a MAC Address" and enter the MAC Address, then click OK to save.
For Static or Dynamic IP:
1. Go to WAN >> General Setup >> General Setup, select the WAN you want to change the MAC address and click Edit.
2. Disable Default MAC Address, enter MAC address, click Apply.
Published On: 2016-08-17
Was this helpful?


text:
The highest autumn/winter rainfall in Benalla in decades will reduce crop yields if the soil doesn't have a chance to dry outLIBBY PRICE July 24, 2014 3:10am
Grain crops in the Benalla region have started to turn yellow, indicating water logging and potential yield losses.
Record autumn rain has been followed by a very wet opening to winter, with the highest June rainfall in a decade of 88.5
While there had not been a large rain event this month, the slow, steady rain has kept the soil very wet.
Department of Environment and Primary Industries climate specialist Dale Grey predicted there would be crop yield losses if the soil did not get a chance to dry in coming weeks.
''It's been more than wet enough for long enough for the root system to literally start dying from lack of oxygen,'' Mr Grey said.
''If crops are under water for a couple of months, they're in a fair bit of trouble. Once the roots die it's pretty much irreversible.''
Canola is considered to be more 'water sensitive', followed by barley, while oats and faba beans can cope with longer periods of soil saturation.
''In 'crab holes' where there are smaller areas of slight hollows, you can see the crops showing stress,'' Mr Grey said.
''Farmers sometimes get out the shovel to try and drain these areas, but the water's got to go somewhere and it's not a great way to win over the neighbours.
''Farmers are spreading a bit of nitrogen fertiliser on them (the crops) to make them look a bit better.
''It's too wet to get onto the country so they're having to do it by plane .
Paton Air Helicopters director and chief pilot David Empey confirmed the business had never been so busy.
''We have six pilots and four choppers working from daylight 'til dark on good days with fine weather,'' Mr Empey said.
''Wet brings on the mildew and insects breed, and we're spreading a lot of urea because of the rain and wet paddocks. There's also a lot of broad leaf weed spraying in the hills.''
It's frenetic work as the JetRanger helicopter can only carry 400
''We don't have to land every time to reload as there's a 30 foot line on the chopper, but as you can imagine, it gets very busy,'' Mr Empey said.
After months of speculation, Yarrawonga's Alan Williams has been endorsed as the Labor candidate for Murray contesting the July 2 Federal Election.
Three Yarrawonga footballers have excelled at interleague level, representing the Ovens and Murray against Hampden in Warrnambool on Saturday.
The Aboriginal and wider community is mourning the death of revered Bangerang Aboriginal elder, Uncle John ''Sandy'' Atkinson.
Fletcher and Beau Harris might have only taken up go kart racing two years ago but they're already showing the potential for future success.
CONSTRUCTION of Rochester's gym is well into the swing of things, with concrete walls erected early last week.
Kyabram Football Club will host a family day next weekend.
Where there's a Will, there's a way
Berrigan Shire councillor Daryll Morris says he has been sickened by some of the vitriol and personal attacks to surface since the council's proposal to redevelop Finley's Memorial Hall and School of Arts site was revealed in October last year.
RENEWAL works have resumed on the Coliban Main Channel this month.
For most 10-year-olds, mischievous isn't a word often found in their vocabulary, let alone having the ability to spell it correctly. But for Cobram Anglican Grammar Year 5 student Cadence Pang, it's all in a day's work.
Plans for the release of a carp herpes virus has captured the attention of international press.
Farmers from northern Victoria will join a protest rally over milk prices in Melbourne tomorrow, Wednesday.
The News magazines are online - read high quality magazines in your time. Check in regularly for the latest editions.
Riverine Herald's well regarded locally produced magazines. They're now online, so you can read them whenever and wherever you like.
Search for published and unpublished photos from McPherson Media Group newspapers and magazines. All our photos are available to purchase.
Place an advertisement in any one of McPherson Media Group's local newspapers.


Medical Dictionary
habit-forming
habit–forming
adj hab·it–form·ing \ˈhab-ət-ˌfr-miŋ\
Definition of HABIT-FORMING
: inducing the formation of an addiction <a habit–forming prescription painkiller>
February 27, 2015
rationale Hear it
An explanation or underlying reason
Take a 3-minute break and test your skills!
How to use a word that (literally) drives some people nuts.
Test your vocab with our fun, fast game
Ailurophobia, and 9 other unusual fears


text:
How to recognise an authorised medicinal product?
In Belgium an authorised medicinal product is a medicine that:
- is sold by a pharmacist (only they are allowed to do so);
- has a marketing authorisation (MA) or registration number (a medicine cannot be sold without registration or marketing authorisation).
- What exactly is a marketing authorisation or registration number?
- Where to find the marketing authorisation or registration number?
- And what about medicines directly prepared by the pharmacist (magistral and officinal preparations)?
- How can I check if I am buying authorised medicines?
- What tools does the FAMHP make available to me to recognize an authorised medicinal product?
The sale of medicines is very strictly regulated and controlled by the competent authorities (in Belgium, the Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products - FAMHP).
Before it is sold in licensed pharmacies, the competent authorities assess the quality, safety and efficacy of each medicine.
In order to make this assessment the experts of the competent authorities base their evaluation on scientific data such as:
- The results of toxicological, pharmacological and clinical tests carried out with the medicine;
- The scientific literature;
- The quality data;
- Any other relevant scientific data.
When the quality, safety and efficacy of a medicine are considered satisfactory, it is allowed to be sold in licensed pharmacies.
The authorisation or registration is granted:
- either by the Minister responsible for public health after receiving the opinion of the relevant scientific committee in the AFMPS
- or by the European Commission after consultation, as appropriate, with the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) or with the Committee for Medicinal products for Veterinary Use (CVMP), established within the European Medicines Agency (EMA).
All authorised or registered medicinal products receive a marketing authorisation (MA) or registration number.
The term "registration" is more specifically used for certain homeopathic medicines or herbal products traditionally used as medicines (where the safety has been demonstrated by the length of use and experience). These are registered based on a simplified scientific dossier.
To find a marketing authorisation or registration number you should consult the packaging of the medicine.
The number can be in different formats:
(x : figure and Y : letter)
- xxxx YY xxxx F xxx
- BExxxxxx (new numbering from 2008)
- BE-Vxxxxxx (new numbering from 2008 for medicinal products for veterinary use)
- EU/1/xx/xxx/xxx (medicinal product authorised by the European Commission)
For an homeopathic medicine
- xxxx CH xxxx F xx or xxxx UH xxxx F xx (notification)
- HO-BExxxxxx (MA)
- HO-BE-CHxxxxxx or HO-BE-UHxxxxxx (registration)
For a herbal medicinal product
- BE-TUxxxxxx (registration)
- xxxx YY xxxx F xxx, BExxxxxx or EU/1/xx/xxx/xxx (MA)
Some drugs are prepared in a pharmacy under the responsibility of the pharmacist. These are called preparations. Two kinds of preparations are made in pharmacies. These are:
- Magistral preparations: medicines specifically prescribed by a physician for a specific patient;
- Officinal preparations: medicines that are not specific to only one patient. These medicines are prepared according to the recommendations of reference books relating to the preparation of medicines as a pharmacopoeia (book that teaches how to prepare medicines) or the "Formulaire thérapeutique magistral" (published in Belgium by the FAMHP for the preparation of medicines in pharmacies).
These preparations are made in accordance with specific rules or "best officinal practices» described in the regulations. All materials used must meet strict quality criteria.
These drugs prepared in pharmacies have a number assigned by the pharmacist. It's not a marketing authorisation or registration number as described above.
Buy your medicines ONLY through legal distribution channels:
- In a licensed pharmacy
- In case of medicinal products for human use and not subject to medical prescription, possibly via the website of a licensed pharmacy notified to the FAMHP and the Order of Pharmacists (list of notified sites).
By buying drugs outside the legal distribution channels you may receive counterfeit or falsified medicines and / or you may use them improperly.
Their quality, safety, efficiency cannot be guaranteed as these medicines sold outside the legal channels evade the control of the competent authorities (see the "Medicines by internet! Do not surf with your health!" campaign).
The FAMHP offers three sources of information.
The database of authorised medicinal products which allows you to see if the medicine you are looking for is indeed authorised or registered.
Click here to view
- The database of authorised or registered medicinal products for human use
- The database of authorised medicinal products for veterinary use
The patient information leaflet (which is in the packaging) and the summary of product characteristics or SPC (especially intended for health professionals) of each medicine were approved at the time of the marketing authorisation or registration and constitute the information and the reference for its appropriate and safe prescription, delivery and use.
These documents are available via the following links
- Patient information leaflets and SPC of authorised and marketed medicines for human use
- Leaflets for the public and SPC of authorised and marketed medicines for veterinary

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Water is Life
Thailand is a country that use water waste in the world only in argriculture. The technology of water will be important to that help to use water in effectively way and plants will be strong. Also, it reduce of plant s desease. By the way, it effect to improve product of plant. Such as, taste and color.Nowadays, the futurs of argriculture important more than four requisites and can effect to improve other ways. Soil, water, air and technology are necessary things for argriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations or FAO said 97.5% of water in the world are salt water and 2.5% are fresh water. A farmer spend water 135 lite for a egg, actually a person spend water 3000 lite perday. So, water management resource in the future will be the important topic for human life.


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The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has awarded a $900,000 grant to support one of the first basic-science studies exploring the observation that, in some people, fever eases the symptoms of autism.
The study follow up on the growing number of reports from parents who describe how the onset of fever – for instance during a cold – improves sociability and communication in children who have autism.
"Like many research topics, the phenomenon isn't totally unknown, but exact mechanisms linking body temperature and autism haven't yet been organized as a principle and unpacked to see how it could work," says senior investigator Jeffrey Alberts. Dr. Alberts heads a developmental psychobiology laboratory at Indiana University. His research associate Christopher Harshaw will lead the study.
Their team will examine two types of mice: those with genetic mutations that lead to autism-like social dysfunction and those whose ability to generate heat and regulate body temperature has been impaired. This will enable them to look at the basic biology linking temperature regulation to social behavior.
In the mice with autism-like symptoms, the IU scientists will examine the ability to maintain proper body temperature. In the mice with poor heat regulation, they will study social development from infancy to adulthood.
"We're predicting these two types of mice are going to intersect; that the inability to produce heat is going to affect individuals' social behavior, as well as affect their interactions with their mother and alter the dynamics of the group," Dr. Alberts says. "By the same token, in those with impaired social behavior, we expect to find problems maintaining body temperature."
The investigators will also compare the behavior and biology of both types of mice to a control group of mice with normal social and heat-regulating abilities.
Based on the reports from parents about fever and autism, the IU scientists predict that their research findings will produce important information to guide future studies enrolling people who have autism.
For more on this topic, also see:


e-Bench® provides a comprehensive invoice verification and reconciliation system to ensure that all invoices are accurate and a client is not either over or under charged.
Many meters are still being read manually. As with any process or application where there is human input, so there is the opportunity for error.
e-Bench® is configured to check all invoice data to verify if the information on the invoice can be regarded as accurate. It does this in two ways:
 - Checks to ensure the correct tariffs have been applied, i.e. cents per kWh and other levies such as taxes.
 - Checks to ensure if the consumption levels are within the bounds of what might be expected for that particular month. e-Bench® achieves this by comparing the same month of the previous year and then seeing if the consumption levels are within a certain percentage of that earlier period. Please note this percentage can be varied by the user from 5% to 100% or by an absolute amount.
Utility Bill Auditing | Electricity Invoice Reconciliation
If problems are detected, e-Bench® sends exception reports to whoever is designated as the recipient of these alerts (in most cases CarbonEES), so they can be investigated. The advantage of this intelligent processing is that errors are picked up as they occur and can be managed accordingly.


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What is the Keep?
The Keep, the site of Bermuda Maritime Museum, was the citadel or
great fortress of the Dockyard defences. It is a six-acre fort,
with seven irregular bastions, named 'A' to 'G',
designed to protect the Dockyard from enemy attack. The lower grounds
of the Keep contain large Sea Service stores, which in 1857 comprised
two bombproof magazines for 6,540 barrels of powder, a shell store,
a filling room and a shifting house. Lighters, or small boats, were
dispatched from the Keep Pond to serve the fleet at anchor in Grassy
Bay. Lighters would provide ships with munitions from the Keep stores,
or safely remove munitions from ships under repair in the Dockyard.
How is the Museum funded?
The Museum is a non-governmental, not-for-profit charity (Bermuda Charity No. 136), meaning
the institution depends on private and corporate donations, membership
dues, admissions, and events rentals.
How many visitors does the Museum receive?
There are approximately 50,000 visitors to the Museum annually,
making it Bermuda's most visited Museum attraction.
How many objects are in the Museum's collections?
There are more than 30,000 objects in the Museum's diverse
collections, including photographs, documents, plans, books, oral
testimonies, archaeological specimens, boats, ship models, and a
wide range of maritime artifacts.
Where do the Museum's collections come from?
The Museum's impressive collections are mainly donations from
the public and institutions, while some come from archaeological
How long have the dolphins been at the Museum?
Dolphin Quest has operated out of the Keep with its dolphins resident
in the protected waters of the Keep Pond since September 1999, when
Hurricane Gert destroyed the Dolphin Quest habitat at the Fairmont
Southampton Princess Hotel.
Why are there sheep on the upper grounds of the Museum?
The sheep you'll encounter are our trusty lawnmowers. They
trim all the grass and vegetation on the Upper Grounds year-round.
The flock is Katahdin sheep, a special breed that requires no shearing.
Local farmer Bascome of Westover Farm in Somerset manages the flock.
Please do not try to follow, touch, or feed the sheep as they are
extremely timid creatures and scare very easily!
Does the Museum manage the entire historic Royal Naval Dockyard site?
The Museum manages the Keep, while the West End Development Corporation manages the majority of the remainder of the Dockyard site.


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Now, without doing anything else, change back to the HOME view and type X and press ENTER. The value which appears is the stored x coordinate of the last intersection point found. To find the y coordinate, evaluate F1(X) (or F2(X) - for that point the values are the same). This value can be used in calculations in the HOME view (such as 3*F1(X)+1 or LN(X)).
If you've found a Root or Extremum then you can do the same thing. If you've just used the FCN menu to find a Slope or Signed Area then you can also retrieve these but the method is a little more involved. Just use the A..Z button to type AREA or SLOPE and hit Enter.
Other values similar to these are stored in the Statistics aplet for you to use. Try this: go the APLET view, START the Statistics aplet, set it to 1VAR and enter a set of data into column C1. Make sure that SYMB is set with C1 ticked. Press the STATS button so that the univariate statistics are displayed. Now change back to the HOME view and press the VARS button. At the bottom of the screen you will see that is 'ticked' and that next to it is. Press and move the highlight down to 'Stat-One' and 'Stat-Two'. These contain the list of calculated stats variables. For example, if you move to the right into the 'Stat-One' menu you will find all the variables listed in the STATS info screen seen earlier. These can be transferred to the HOME view and used in calculations. Just highlight them and press OK. The name appears in the HOME view and pressing Enter retrieves the value.
Note that what you see when you press the
button depends on which aplet is active.
WARNING: The values stored are those of the last calculation done. If you have more than one column ticked in the SYMB view, resulting in multiple columns in the STATS display then the stored values will be for the last column only. If you wanted to calculate (for example) the mean plus 1.5 standard deviations for 3 different sets of data then you should use the VAR key to enter Mean+1.5*PSDev (Mean has a'sigma' symbol after it which I can't show on this web page) into the HOME view and evaluate it for the first set of data. Then go back to the Statistics aplet and calculate the STATS for the next set and repeat. (The values are not stored in the VARs until you press STATS.)
If you go to my Utilities page you'll find a software package you can download that lets you send and receive notes, programs and aplets from the calculator to the PC and back. Windows only, I'm afraid! Any view which has SEND and RECV buttons can send either to a computer or to another calculator. You need the cable that came with your calculator - if you've lost it then just go to any electronics shop and ask for a mini-USB cable. They cost about $10 - $20.
See my Help page for a series of instructional pages on what hardware you need, what software and how to install it, and then how to use it all and where to look for aplets. You'll also find pages on programming the calculator which include screen shots.
Just set up the aplet (whichever it is) exactly the way you want it, change into the APLET view and then, while it is highlighted, press SAVE. Give it a name and press ENTER.
The aplet can easily now be transferred to the students' calculators via the infra-red link. Once the class becomes used to this procedure it takes about 2 - 4 minutes for a class of 25 to 30. You send to one student, then the two of you send to two more, then the four of you send to... etc.
You can also save your aplet to a PC if you install the software (see my Utilities page). This means that you can re-use it next year!
Any of those values are now accessible in the HOME view by simply typing the appropriate letter. For example if you change to the HOME view and type T and hit ENTER, you will get the value I quoted above. If you type 3T+2, then you'll get 3 times the value of T plus 2. You can also use this in reverse. If you have done a calculation in the HOME view and you want to use it as the value of one of the variables in an equation in Solve, then just it into the appropriate memory and it will be pre-loaded when you enter the NUM view in Solve.
In the Solve aplet, enter the equation 2*SIN(X)+2=1 in to the SYMB view. Change to PLOT SETUP and set the XRng to 0 to 2pi (using the 3 key to enter pi) and the YRng to -3.1 to 3.2. Enter an XTICK value of pi/4. Now press PLOT. Move the cross-hair close to the first solution (at about X=3.6) and then press NUM. If you now press SOLVE, the calculator will find the nearest solution of 3.665...
Change to the MODES screen and set the NUMBER FORMAT to 'Fraction 6'. Now change to the HOME view and type in X/pi. The answer is 7/6, so the required value is 7pi over 6. Basically you are removing the pi from the answer and giving the calculator the chance to tell you what the associated fraction was.
Now press PLOT, move near the other solution, press NUM and SOLVE, change back to HOME and press ENTER (to repeat the last calculation). This time the solution is 11 pi on 6.
The same method can be used in the Function aplet to find the exact value of intersections. Simply retrieve the value of the last intersection in HOME by typing X in the HOME view and use the same method to isolate the fraction.
Warning! Don't forget to change out of Fraction mode when you finish! If you have put the calculator into Fraction mode then it is going to give you a fractional answer even if the value you gave it was never meant to be one! If you get a fraction like 113/457 then you might suspect that there is a problem. See "How does the Fraction mode work?"
Try this. Use MODES to change into 'Fraction 4' mode. Now go into HOME and type 0.33 and ENTER. You should find that it converts 0.33 into 33/100. Now try the same with 0.333333 This time you will find that it gives you 1/3. Why the difference?
The makers of the calculator have taken a very different approach. Once you select Fraction mode, all numbers become fractions - even decimals. If you are only going to be using fractions from that point on, then this will not cause a problem as long as you bear the following two points in mind….
For example, a setting in the MODES view of....
Basically, the value of 'n' in 'Fraction n' affects the degree of precision used in converting the decimal to a fraction. This can be useful if you understand what is happening. For example, a setting of Fraction 4 produces a strange (but actually fairly accurate) result for 0.667, while changing to a setting of Fraction 2 will give a result of 2/3. In other words, what makes this approach taken by the calculator useful is that it is often capable of producing results which may be strictly less accurate but are probably closer to what was intended by the 0.667 in the first place.
If you are wanting to use this facility to convert decimals to fractions, here are some tips…
Forgetting the current setting of Fraction can produce some unfortunate effects. For example, at Fraction 2, the value of 123.456 becomes 123, with the 0.456 dropped entirely!
This need for a correct setting of Fraction extends even to working purely with fractions. For example a setting of 'Fraction 4' will correctly result in 1/3 + 4/5 = 17/15. If you use a setting of only Fraction 2 to perform this, you will find to your amazement that 1/3 + 4/5 = 8/7! The reason is that the 1/3 and 4/5 were converted to decimals and added to give 1.133333…. This was converted back to a fraction (needing to match only to 2 sig. fig.) to give 8/7 (which is 1.1428..).
In conclusion, while it is not at all suggested that you dismiss the use of the Fraction format, it is important that you understand and remember its limitations. See an earlier question regarding using fraction mode for exact trig values.
This affects the POLYROOT function too. If you use POLYROOT to solve the quadratic equation of x^2+4x+5=0, which does not cross the x axis (try graphing it!) you will find that it gives the roots as complex numbers. They are NOT (x,y) points on the x, y axes! Don't use them - just write "No real solution".
ie.POLYROOT([1,4,5]) gives [(-2,1),(-2,-1)]
Another similar problem is with the inverse trig functions. Since sine and
cosine have ranges of -1 to 1, there should be no answer


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Park offers look at state's wild past
The people were bundled up and shivering, but the cougar was soaking up the sun.
Opening day at Wildlife Prairie State Park near Peoria on March 1 was clear, but windy and cold. A few hardy visitors strolled along paths through the woods where native wildlife can be viewed in a naturalistic setting.
The 2,000-acre zoological park is built on land reclaimed after strip mining. It is home to bison, elk and white-tailed deer. Bobcats, cougars, otters, wolves and eagles also are on display.
The park began as a joint project between the Forest Park Foundation and the Brookfield Zoo in Chicago more than 40 years ago. That partnership never materialized, and the park eventually developed as a place to showcase native species — partly upon the suggestion of philanthropist William Rutherford and Marlin Perkins, the late host of television's "Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom."
"They were left with a half-built park (after the Brookfield zoo turned to other projects)," says Jennifer Bertolet, the park's marketing director. "Rutherford and Marlin Perkins came up with the idea to start a park that featured all native animals so you wouldn't have to worry so much about winter housing."
The foundation transferred ownership to Rutherford in the 1960s. Wildlife Prairie Park opened to the public in 1978 and was operated privately until the state of Illinois assumed ownership in 2000.
Driving through the corn-and-soybean landscape from Springfield to Peoria, it can be difficult to imagine Illinois when black bears, cougars and gray wolves still roamed.
"It's the history of Illinois itself," says Bertolet. "Visitors always say, 'Oh no, there weren't any of these in this area.' But before the Civil War, that's what the pioneers had to deal with."
Many of Illinois' large animals were being driven from the state even earlier, she says.
Shawn Cullen of Metamora braved the chill March 1 to visit the park. He says he and his family have become members for a second year.
"It's a good place to teach kids and show them how the animals are supposed to live," he says.
Cullen says he appreciates the way animals are kept in a more natural environment.
"At so many zoos, the animals are trapped in a small concrete cage," he says. "That doesn't seem right to me."
Today, the park is back to operating on its own with the support of the foundation. Wildlife Prairie State Park lost its state funding for the most recent fiscal year, and has been trying to make up $828,000 through fundraising, gate receipts and memberships.
"That's a big one," Bertolet says. "Memberships keep us going. We're trying to keep alive in any way we can."
She says the park is working to get its state funding restored.
"First of all, we are working with the governor and director of the Illinois Department of Natural Resources to try to get our funding reinstated, but (that will depend on the budgeting process)," Bertolet says.
She says a major fundraiser is in the works for late May or early June.
Overnight lodging is available at Wildlife Prairie State Park. The park also hosts banquets, a Sunday brunch, educational programs and other special events.
Chris Young can be reached _EMAIL_ or _PHONE_.


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Kikkoman Sequences Koji Genome
Kikkoman has successfully sequenced and analyzed the genome of the Aspergillus sojae (koji mold) in association with the Noda Institute for Scientific Research, the University of Tokyo and the Tokyo Institute of Technology.
Aspergillus sojae (A. sojae) is one of the key molds used in food fermentation in Japan, together with the koji mold Aspergillus oryzae (A. oryzae). Until now, A. sojae was found only in the fermentation processes of soy sauce and miso. This recent sequencing breakthrough has drawn worldwide attention from the genetic studies community.
Koji mold is essential in brewing soy sauce. The various enzymes produced by koji mold play an important role in fermenting the ingredients that make up soy sauce--soybeans and wheat--and this fermentation is the key to creating the basic constituent of the taste of soy sauce.
A. sojae has a very high degradation potential of protein, and thus is used primarily as the koji mold in the production of brewed foods whose main ingredient is soybeans--foods that include soy sauce and miso.
Since its foundation, Kikkoman has utilized its original koji mold Kikkoman Aspergillus, which is derived from both A. sojae and A. oryzae. Kikkoman Aspergillus is carefully stored in an environment where temperatures and humidity are strictly managed.
Kikkoman will continue its research activities so that this recent A. sojae sequencing discovery will lead to the development and production of food products that are ever more healthy and delicious.


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Pure water does not conduct electricity very well. However, when certain substances are dissolved in water, the solution does conduct electricity. You can make a simple device that shows how well a solution conducts electricity. This device uses a flashlight bulb to indicate how well the solution conducts electricity. The better the solution conducts electricity, the brighter the bulb will glow.
To construct the conductivity tester you will need:
- ● a 12-volt AC adapter
- This converts the 110-volt electricity from a wall socket to safer 12-volts. It must be 12 volts AC, not DC, because DC will not work for this. You may have a suitable adapter around the house from an old device you're no longer using, or you may get one from an electronics store (e.g. Radio Shack, catalog number _PHONE_).
- ● an audio cable with a 1/4-inch or 1/8-inch monaural plug on one end
- The plug will become the probe for testing conductivity. You may have an unused cable around the house. What is on the other end does not matter because it will be removed. You may also get a suitable plug-and-cable assembly from an electronics supply store (e.g., Radio Shack, catalog number 42-2381).
- ● a 12-volt flashlight bulb and socket
- The bulb will provide a visible indication of how well a material conducts electricity. You can get these from an electronics store (e.g., Radio Shack, catalog numbers _PHONE_ for the bulb and 272-357 for the socket).
- ● a block of wood about 4 by 4 by 1 inch
- The electrical connections will be made on this block, and the lamp will be mounted on it, too.
- ● two 1-inch wood screws
- These hold the lamp socket to the block of wood.
- ● one 3/4-inch round-headed screw and washer
- These will be used to make an electrical connection.
- ● wire cutter and wire stripper
- These are used to prepare the electrical connections.
- ● a screw driver
Cut the plug from the end of the cord of the AC adapter. Separate about four inches of the cord into its two conductors. Remove about 1 inch of insulation from each of the conductors.
Cut the cord of the audio cable about 2 feet from the plug. Remove about four inches of insulation from the cut end of the cable. This will expose bare stranded wire wrapped around insulation that covers a center wire. Unwrap the stranded wires from the insulation and twist the strands together to make a single bundle. Strip about 1 inch of the inner insulation from the center wire.
Use wood screws to attach the lamp base (socket) to the block of wood. Put the washer on the round-head screw and screw it into the block next to the lamp base, but do not tighten the screw yet.
Wrap one wire from the AC adapter (it doesn't matter which) around the screw above the washer. Wrap the end of the bundled wire from the audio plug around the same screw. Tighten the screw to fasten the two wires together.
Attach the remaining wire from the AC adapter to one of the terminals of the lamp base. Attach the remaining wire from the audio plug to the other terminal of the lamp base.
Screw the 12-volt flashlight lamp into the lamp base.
To make the connections more secure, you can use a heavy staple to hold each of the two wires to the wooden block.
The conductivity tester is now complete and ready to use. To test that it works properly, plug the AC adapter into an AC outlet. The lamp will not light. Touch the audio plug sideways to a piece of metal, such as a coin. When the two metal conductors of the plug are shorted by the coin, the lamp will glow brightly. The bright glow indicates that current is easily flowing through the piece of metal.
Testing a solution
Put some water into a cup. Insert the end of the audio plug into the water. If you use distilled water, the lamp will not glow. If you use tap water, the lamp may glow dimly, if at all. If it glows, it shows that the tap water conducts electricity only poorly. Add some table salt to the water and stir the mixture. The lamp will glow brightly when the plug is put into the solution, because salt solution conducts electricity very well, almost as well as metal.
You can investigate different materials from around your house to see how well they conduct electricity when mixed with water. Some things to try, in addition to salt, are sugar, baking soda, shampoo, laundry detergent, rubbing alcohol, and antacid tablets. Anything that dissolves in water can be tested. In order to avoid mixing the materials you're testing, be sure to rinse the plug in water and dry it before testing a different substance. Do not put the plug in a solution for more than 10 to 15 seconds, because doing so will cause the plug to corrode rapidly. Keep a record of which substances conduct electricity well, which conduct poorly, and which do not conduct at all.
Sometimes, mixtures of substances conduct differently than the separate substances. As an example, test the conductivity of vinegar. Then test the conductivity of laundry ammonia. Then, pour a little ammonia into the vinegar and test the mixture. You will see a big difference between the separate substances and the mixture!
An electric current is a flow of electrical charge. When a metal conducts electricity, the charge is carried by electrons moving through the metal. Electrons are subatomic particles with a negative electrical charge. When a solution conducts electricity, the charge is carried by ions moving through the solution. Ions are atoms or small groups of atoms that have an electrical charge. Some ions have a negative charge and some have a positive charge.
Pure water contains very few ions, so it does not conduct electricity very well. When table salt is dissolved in water, the solution conducts very well, because the solution contains ions. The ions come from the table salt, whose chemical name is sodium chloride. Sodium chloride contains sodium ions, which have a positive charge, and chloride ions, which have a negative charge. Because sodium chloride is made up of ions, it is called an ionic substance.
Not all substances are made up of ions. Some are mode of uncharged particles called molecules. Sugar is such a substance. When sugar is dissolved in water, the solution does not conduct electricity, because there are no ions in the solution.
Some substances that are made of molecules form solutions that do conduct electricity. Ammonia is such a substance. When ammonia dissolves in water, it reacts with the water and forms a few ions. This is why laundry ammonia, which is a solution of ammonia in water, conducts electricity, but not very well.
Sometimes, when two different solutions are mixed, the substances they contain react with each other and form ions. This is what happens when ammonia and vinegar are mixed. An ammonia solution contains only a few ions, and it conducts electricity only poorly. A vinegar solution also contains only a few ions and conducts only a little electricity. But when these solutions are mixed, the ammonia reacts with the acid in vinegar (acetic acid), and they form a lot of ions. This is why the mixture of ammonia and vinegar conducts electricity very well.


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Long term ozonesonde observations at Marambio, Antarctic Peninsula
The ozonesonde measurement program at Marambio was established in late 1980s, soon after the discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole. The Marambio Antarctic Station is located in an island at the North-East of the Antarctic Peninsula, surrounded by Weddell Sea (at 64º 14 0S, 56º 380W 198 m.a.s.l). The location is suitable for observing Antarctic ozone hole. In addition to the springtime measurements we have also performed regular soundings during other seasons. The soundings have been made by electrochemical concentration cell ozonesondes, using a potassium iodide solution. The sounding system at Marambio is DigiCORA III from Vaisala and the radiosondes are Vaisala RS92-SGP. The sondes measure ozone profiles from surface up to the altitude of 30-35 km. The effective altitude resolution is 100-150 meters. Uncertainty of the stratospheric ozone measurements is about 5 %. In this study we present results of the long term measurements. The time series have been recalculated using the knowledge from dual ozonesonde experiments. Some results show high variability in the different layers of the atmosphere during the ozone hole season. The ozonesonde observations are also compared to the available total ozone measurements by a ground based Dobson instrument at Marambio and by satellite borne instruments.
Resumen de la presentación realizada en el Quadrennial Ozone Symposium, celebrado del 04 al 09 de septiembre de 2016 en la ciudad de Edimburgo, Escocia.
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I think the biggest difference between Plan 9 and Unix is that Plan 9 rids systems programming of many special cases by reusing the filesystem metaphor as far as possible. This is a deep and pervasive change, and makes doing most things on the system just a matter of reading and writing to files. This leads to neat things like the /env filesystem, which is a per-process view of the contents of shell variables as files. (This makes it easy to write make (mk) rules that depend on shell variables, just by listing the files/variables as prerequisites.)
Inferno's biggest difference is that it runs the entire OS on a virtual machine called emu. Kind of like Java, but not just a language. (Inferno has a language too, called Limbo, which is closer to Go than C.)
Well, probably not surprising given Rob Pike's involvement in both Limbo and Go.


When every second counts
In the event that a child gets lost in a public area, on their way home or, possibly even disappearing altogether, a complete and up-to-date description of the child can save valuable time and will allow law enforcement to respond more quickly in initiating searches for the missing child.
Thanks to a generous grant by Telus Community Board, the Missing Children's Network created Sign4l, an application that is available free of charge on most Apple and Android smartphones. Sign4l allows parents to store up-to-date photos and vital physical descriptions of their child which they can then instantly email or text to the relevant authorities, allowing them to save time in the event of an emergency.
The information that is saved by parents on their child is not stored in any database. Only parents or guardians will be able to access their children's data sheet.
Parents can also rely on the reminder function, which varies according to the age of the child, allowing them to update their child's profile at any time in the application. SIGN4L also includes safety tips for children as well as the 4 crucial steps to follow in the moments following the disappearance of a child.
To Download Sign4l
The Service de Police de la Ville de Montréal welcomes any initiative that allows parents to act quickly when a child goes missing or runs away.
Commander Patrick Lavallée


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Definition of Economic geology
1. Noun. The branch of geology that deals with economically valuable geological materials.
Economic Geology Pictures
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Economic Geology Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Economic Geology
Literary usage of Economic geology
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. The Economic Aspect of Geology by Charles Kenneth Leith (1921)
"But economic geology is not solely confined to mineral resources.... In professional preparation for the practice of economic geology there is no easy..."
2. Field Geology by Frederic Henry Lahee (1917)
"economic geology.—Geologic facts that have a practical bearing are reserved for the chapter on economic geology. In this place should be mentioned the pits,..."
3. Mineral Deposits by Waldemar Lindgren (1913)
"Only a part of the whole field of economic geology will be covered in these... Throughout its broad domain economic geology stands on the fundamental..."
4. The Journal of Geology by University of Chicago Department of Geology and Paleontology (1906)
"economic geology of the Bingham Mining District, Utah. By JOHN MASON BOUTWELL. With a Section on Areal Geology by ARTHUR KEITH, and an Introduction on..."
5. Index of Economic Material in the Documents of the States of the United by Adelaide Rosalia Hasse, Carnegie Institution of Washington. Dept. of Economics and Sociology (1912)
"Waverly series ; economic geology ; coal. Iron, bldg. stone, mineral paint ; local geology. Meigs County 1872. Geology of Meigs Co.; by EB Andrews...."
6. Science by American Association for the Advancement of Science (1903)
"Spencer, Dr. Arthur C., geologist, will investigate areal and economic geology of Juneau mining district. Later will make reconnaisance of economic..."
7. Bulletin by Ghana Geological Survey (1898)
"MINERAL DEPOSITS X. economic geology (a) Gold.—Although the area lies across the north-eastern extension of the..."


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The Journey to Palomar: America's First Journey into Space, Documentary
Studio : PBS (November 18, 2008); 1 hour and 30 minutes.
The film traces the story of the Chicago-born astronomer George Ellery Hale, considered the father of astrophysics, as he struggles personally and professionally to build the greatest telescopes of the 20th century at the Yerkes and Mount Wilson Observatories, and finally the 20-year effort to build the million-pound telescope on Palomar mountain beginning in the 1930s. Hale's observatories revolutionized our understanding of the universe. Inspired by the book The Perfect Machine by R. Florence. Website.
We Also Recommend
Cosmic Odyssey: How Intrepid Astronomers at Palomar Observatory Changed Our View of the Universe, by Linda Schweizer


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The ECOPRIMA Medivap Zero Waste installed at the MCI Innsbruck University thanks to a cooperation with Schell International
Schell ECOPRIMA® next generation waste water treatment
High-tech vacuum evaporators for small, medium and large-sized enterprises.
Effect 1: Reduced costs
Conventional processing methods in sewage treatment and disposal are not efficiency enough and require higher costs. SCHELL ECOPRIMA® VACUUM EVAPORATORS REDUCE COSTS CONSIDERABLY!
Effect 2: Environment Protection
The use of a vacuum evaporator is a benefit for the environment and reduces the disposal and the expected residual costs. SCHELL ECOPRIMA® SYSTEMS ACTIVELY PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT!
Effect 3: Sustainability
Conventional distillation systems require extremely complex installations and very high energy costs. They can be avoided thanks to our plants, in most cases. SCHELL ECOPRIMA® SYSTEMS COMBINE AND ENSURE COSTS-EFFECTIVENESS & ECOLOGY FOR GENERATIONS!
WHAT OUR CUSTOMERS SAY ABOUT US
Why Schell ECOPRIMA® ?
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Subject: Our report concerns a large inter-mammary cutaneous Abrikossoff tumor on a 41-year-old female patient, which has prompted us to review the literature.
Case: It was a low pre-sternal skin tumor; CT-Scanning showed a homogeneous mass 5 cm high, 4 cm wide and 4 cm deep. Total tumoral included the right pectoralis major muscle aponeurosis. The skin defect was closed using a V-Y local plasty. Histologic examination revealed no sign of malignity.
Discussion: Abrikossoff tumors (or granular cell tumors) are rare ubiquity tumors locating preferably in ENT and oral cavity mucosa. They develop between 20 and 60 and more often concern women. They are overwhelmingly single and benign but on occasion multifocal or malignant. Immunohistochemistry points to a schwannian origin. Treatment is exclusively surgical. Skin closure is by direct suture, skin grafting or local plasty. The use of flaps is not advised as it may delay local recidivation diagnosis. The literature reports one single other case of chest wall location.
Conclusion: Abrikossoff tumors require complete exeresis and mandatory histological examination into possible signs of malignity. The risk of recidivation warrants long-term surveillance.


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It's been a great year for Middle-Eastern cinema, bringing acclaim for such filmmakers as Egypt-raised Sally El Hosaini ("My Brother the Devil"), Saudi Arabian Haifaa Al Mansour ("Wadjda") and Israel's Rama Burshtein ("Fill the Void"). Scratch the surface of these success stories and you'll find an unlikely American ally: Sundance — not the festival, but the institute's development-oriented Feature Film Program, spearheaded by Michelle Satter.
Since 1981, the Sundance Institute has been responsible for encouraging and educating many of America's most celebrated filmmakers via its year-round creative labs in Utah. But Robert Redford's vision of supporting independent voices was never meant to stop at America's borders.
"We're going to reach at least 70 artists through our various labs this year, many of them abroad," says Satter, citing the Middle East as one of the regions where she and her colleagues (namely newly appointed international director Paul Federbush and predecessor Alicia Weston) saw an opportunity to help cultivate vital new voices. "We keep our ears to the ground, listening to identify where there is change going on and a need for an organization to go in and promote freedom of expression."
The institute is now eight years into its partnership with Jordan's Royal Film Commission. Together they host a Sundance satellite program called Rawi modeled on the Utah screenwriters lab, which invites storytellers — many of them women — from the surrounding area to workshop their projects with professional mentors.
Among Rawi's inaugural fellows was Cherien Dabis, who grew up in a small Ohio town but spent most of her summers in Jordan. The "Amreeka" director, who subsequently developed her second feature (2013 fest opener "May in the Summer") at the Utah lab, says the Jordan retreat embodied the spirit of Sundance but provided a completely different experience, largely because of its remote location.
In Utah, the cold weather kept everybody indoors, but in Jordan, the fellows gather in an eco-lodge in the middle of the desert. "There's no electricity, except in the media room, so at night, it's all candlelit," she recalls. "You're incredibly isolated, lounging in Bedouin tents and sipping tea, hanging out with camels and goats and sheeps, talking about Middle Eastern storytelling with advisers who come from thousands of miles away."
After "Amreeka" was done, Dabis returned to the lab to screen and discuss the film. "Then I went back as an adviser, and it was even more inspiring," she says.
Satter swears by "deep commitment," both to individual filmmakers (the institute stays in touch with past fellows, offering feedback and funding where possible until their projects reach the market) and entire regions. "To us, finding a partner organization in any part of the world is key. We want to have labs that are sustainable," she says, citing the institute's first international lab — in Guadalajara, Mexico, where Guillermo del Toro was a fellow — which producer Bertha Navarro continues to host in Oaxaca.
But the institute isn't opposed to one-offs when the conditions are right, which is how the 2010 mini-lab in Tel Aviv program came about.
"We have a long history of supporting Israeli storytellers," Satter says. "There were three filmmakers we were considering for our January screenwriters lab, but for various reasons they weren't available, so we thought, 'Let's bring the lab to them.' "
Burshtein participated in the Tel Aviv program, which gave her the confidence to pursue her long-dormant passion for cinema. "I graduated Sam Spiegel Film Institute in Jerusalem, and then I became religious, so for 20 years, I wasn't involved in anything to do with film," says Burshtein, whose script — a unique insider portrait of the Orthodox Jewish world — caught the institute's eye. "It was right before we started casting, which was really the right stage, because everything was pretty much alive, and I was open to anything that would make it better."
Unlike Burshtein and Dabis (a Columbia grad), "Wadjda" director Al Mansour had never been to film school. In fact, public cinemas didn't exist in Saudi Arabia until recently, so her Rawi experience provided invaluable training in the fundamentals of structure and storytelling.
"I wanted to have something that is universal and can travel," says the helmer, who had written an ending where one of the main characters dies. "It was very bleak, but I was so married to that idea because the situation in Saudi is bad. Thanks to them, I changed the whole third act." The film went on to win the Art Cinema prize at the Venice film festival, landing a deal with Sony Pictures Classics for release later this year.
Filmmakers flex options | Target titles | Grindhouse meets arthouse | Labs offer Mid East voice lessons | Five's who'll thrive


Facebook PixelDo Individuals That Use Noradrenaline Blockers Retain Hair Colour?
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Do Individuals That Use Noradrenaline Blockers Retain Hair Colour?
Image credit: Adrian Fernández /Unsplash
Jamila Sep 08, 2020
Do individuals that use noradrenaline inhibitors retain hair color?
Zhang et al. found that stress stimulates the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release a rush of noradrenaline. The spike in noradrenaline causes a steep decline in the number of melanocyte stem cells, and this leads to the loss of hair colour.
In the same study, Zhang and colleagues found that a drug called guanethidine was able to prevent stress-induced hair greying in mice. Zhang suggests that the mice treated with guanethidine were able to maintain the melanocyte stem cell population and that's why they didn't lose their hair colour.
So what is guanethidine?
Guanethidine is a drug that blocks the release of noradrenaline from the nerve endings. It is an anti-hypertensive drug commonly used to treat high blood pressure as it can reduce the heart rate and can dilate the blood vessels.
Interestingly, noradrenaline inhibitors can be prescribed to individuals with anxiety, depression, and ADHD. Perhaps a study could be conducted to determine whether other noradrenaline inhibitors like atomoxetine, reboxetine, tandamine, etc. have the ability to retain hair colour. If so, this would be highly beneficial because most of these drugs are already licensed and would just need to be repurposed as a hair pigment therapy.
So do individuals that use noradrenaline inhibitors retain their hair colour?
[1]Zhang, Bing, et al. "Hyperactivation of sympathetic nerves drives depletion of melanocyte stem cells." Nature _PHONE_ (2020): 676-681.
[2]Woosley, Raymond L., and Alan S. Nies. "Guanethidine." New England Journal of Medicine 295.19 (1976): _PHONE_.
[3]Dell'Osso, Bernardo, et al. "The noradrenergic action in antidepressant treatments: pharmacological and clinical aspects." CNS neuroscience & therapeutics 17.6 (2011): 723-732.
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The Wars of the Roses
Origins of the Cold War (60 Question quiz for IB History)
The Princes in the Tower: Classroom Debate
The Rise of Pinochet: Fling the Teacher Quiz
The Princes in the Tower: Card Sort Exercise
League of Nations in the 1920s: New Worksheets
Does King Richard III deserve a Royal Funeral?
Teacher-led activity: Historiography on the Origins of Warfare
Paired Feedback and Presentation Task: Comparisons and Contrasts between two wars
The Rule of Stalin: Fling the Teacher Challenge
Dozens of IB History Revision Quizzes!
In particular, historiography is about what we can learn from history.
Below are two random quotes about the nature of history
from a 'pack' of over 400!
Which quote do you find the most engaging? Explain your
answer by giving historical examples which prove its point.
Write your answer in the box on the right, and print off
your work when you have finished.
You can change the historiography quotes by clicking the button at the
bottom of the page.
For a full list of the historiography quotes, click here; for a poster pack of historiography quotes for classroom display, click here.
(Type your answer here)
Recommended sites for KS3 History, GCSE History and A-Level History:!
SchoolHistory | Spartacus | JohnDClare | SchoolsHistory | BBC History |
Channel 4 History | History Channel UK


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Dogs have many foibles.
One of the more surprising of these habits is chattering teeth.
If you've never seen a dog chatter its teeth before, it's natural to ask what it means.
As an owner who loves their pooch, I'm always frightened when my dog does something that I don't expect, and I often tend to panic and rush them to the vet.
How do you know if your dog's chattering teeth are cause for concern or not?
Luckily, most of the reasons for dog chattering teeth are simple to remedy.
Why Is My Dog Chattering Its Teeth?
There are a variety of reasons dogs chatter their teeth.
Some of these are harmless, but others can be concerning.
Diagnosing the reason for your dog's chattering teeth requires a thorough understanding of what's normal for your dog and its medical history.
We'll talk in more detail later about the many causes of teeth chattering in dogs.
But first, how concerned should you be about your dog's new habit?
Are they in danger if their teeth suddenly start chattering?
Are a Dog's Teeth Chattering a Cause for Concern?
There's usually no reason to be concerned about a dog's chattering teeth.
Many causes of this behavior are benign.
That said, chattering teeth can indicate an underlying illness, some of which can become serious if not treated right away.
So, when should you become worried, and just how concerned should you be?
Why Are Your Dog's Teeth Chattering?
So, that's what to look for when analyzing your dog's teeth chattering habit.
But what exactly causes it?
We'll start by talking about some of the more benign causes of dog chattering teeth.
One of the most common reasons for teeth chattering in dogs is that they are cold.
Some dogs, like Huskies, are genetically bred to handle inclement weather.
Other dogs can react adversely, especially if they suffer from alopecia.
Small dogs are particularly susceptible to hypothermia and frostbite.
This includes breeds like:
- Smooth Dachshund
- Toy Poodle
- Basset Hounds
But as any cat owner can tell you, sometimes teeth chattering results from anticipation.
We notice it in indoor cats, usually when they want to eat the bird on the other side of the window.
While dogs don't share much in common with cats, they similarly chatter their teeth to convey excitement.
Excitable chattering usually happens in response to:
- Playing fetch
Working Facial Muscles
It's also possible that your dog chatters their teeth because they are working their facial muscles.
This could be involuntary if they are cold and shivering.
Other times it's deliberate, such as when your dog needs to communicate with another dog.
While all of these mundane explanations are potential causes for teeth chattering, there are several more insidious possibilities behind dogs that chatter their teeth.
One of the most common health problems that cause dogs' teeth to chatter is periodontal disease.
Unless you routinely brush your dog's teeth, they probably have some stage of dental disease.
Certain breeds, like Dachshunds, are more susceptible to dental issues because of their elongated mouths.
Not only that, but many dogs resist teeth cleaning from their owners.
However, it's important to keep on top of your dog's oral hygiene because periodontal disease can mean more than plaque build-up.
It may require teeth to be pulled, and in extreme cases, can result in kidney or liver failure.
Another reason your dog may start chattering about their teeth is that they have a neurological issue.
There are a variety of illnesses that could affect your dog's brain.
Some of the most relevant are:
- Shaker Syndrome
Both epilepsy and shaker syndrome have recognizable symptoms.
While epilepsy is heritable, any dog can develop shaker syndrome.
Some dogs chatter their teeth out of anxiety.
It's a self-soothing behavior like grooming.
It also signals their distress to you.
Consider the context of your dog chattering its teeth.
Is the environment strange?
Are there strangers present?
Perhaps your dog is naturally anxious or suffers from trauma.
All of these things can result in teeth chattering.
It's also possible that the explanation is displacement language.
This is a normal response from dogs that are feeling threatened.
The chattering distracts other dogs, and they stop socializing to find the origin of the noise.
It can also be a way for dogs to demonstrate aggression and warn off potential interactions.
You'll have to decide at the moment if the social chattering is a threat or threat deflection.
Everyone has experienced an unanticipated click behind their ear, especially while chewing.
Dogs are no different.
If there is a problem with the temporomandibular joint, many dogs chatter their teeth.
Common TMJ illnesses associated with teeth chattering include:
- Jaw fractures
If the chattering is persistent, call your vet.
Gastrointestinal issues are another cause of teeth chattering.
Dogs with these problems also exhibit:
- Excessive drool
- Excessive lip-licking
- Excessive swallowing
It doesn't happen often, but sometimes a dog chatters their teeth because of an ear infection.
Like people, the teeth, sinuses, and inner ear are closely related.
Consequently, some dogs experience ear infection symptoms in their jaws or teeth.
What to Do if Your Dog's Teeth Are Chattering?
Those are some things that may cause a dog's teeth to chatter.
What can you do about it?
Look for Associated Symptoms
Because there are so many possible causes for teeth chattering in dogs, the first thing you must do is look for other symptoms.
If you can't find any, your dog is likely chattering its teeth for one of the more innocuous reasons on this list.
See the Vet
That said, if you notice any other symptoms, like vomiting or jaw clenching, it's time to call the vet.
Since there's an extensive collection of medical conditions that trigger teeth chattering, it's best to rule out any dangerous conditions.
Be prepared for the vet to require x-rays and further exams to rule out potential causes.
How Can You Stop Teeth Chattering?
While calling the vet can be helpful, you may also want to know what you can do to treat your dog's teeth chattering.
Remedies vary wildly depending on the reason for the behavior.
Address the Trigger
One thing you can do irrespective of the problem is to treat the disease, not the symptoms.
While teeth chattering may look uncomfortable, it may be the least of your dog's worries.
Invest in a Dog Jacket
If your dog's primary concern is cold weather, investing in a dog jacket can help solve the problem.
Dog jackets help lower the chances of your dog developing frostbite or hypothermia.
Dog boots and jackets give extra protection from the cold, and they stop your dog's feet from coming into contact with ice salt, which contains antifreeze and is harmful to your dog.
Comfort Your Dog
For dogs who chatter their teeth to self-soothe, the best thing you can do is reassure them.
Synthetic pheromone dispensers may help as they increase the number of scent markers in your dog's home.
Creating a safe space, like a crate or den for your dog to retreat also helps.
The best thing you can do is spend time with your dog.
Few things reassure canines as much as having a pack, and for many dogs, that's their owner.
Follow the Vet's Instructions
Finally, never underestimate the importance of following veterinary advice.
They can diagnose health problems best and will prescribe medication appropriately.
Ensure your dog fulfills the treatment requirements and tell the vet if symptoms persist.
There are many reasons why a dog's teeth can chatter.
Some of these are benign.
Others are more concerning.
You'll need to use your judgment to decide whether your dog needs veterinary care or not.
If you decide they do, ensure you follow the vet's instructions thoroughly, and you will soon have a healthy, happy dog who doesn't chatter their teeth—unless they're keen on a treat.


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How Temperature Can Impact Your Label Durability?
Thousands of different products are subjected to hot or cold temperatures during their life cycle. When you manufacture items which are likely to be used in adverse climates, then it is essential that your labels are up to the challenge. Some products will experience varying temperatures during the label application process and when in the labelling machinery, while others are likely to be placed in hot or cold areas sometime after. Understanding how temperature impacts label durability and the role it plays in your products life is so important. In this article, we are looking at some specific issues temperature can cause with your label machines and product packaging.
Label Adhesives And Temperatures
Every single label has some kind of adhesive to stick it to the products. Whether you are using front and back labelling machines or wrapround labelling, there will be a glue of some sort involved in the process. Adhesives are one of the most important considerations when looking at temperature, as they can cause problems during application and further down the line. Each type of label adhesive will have a different minimum temperature for application, and applying in a different environment to this could prevent it from sticking. For example, for products which are exposed to high temperatures or are hot-filled, an acrylic adhesive could work well, but this wouldn't be a good choice for colder application conditions.
Adhesives can also fail after they have been applied. This is often the case if extreme heat or cold has occurred, such as if the product goes in a freezer or is left in direct sunlight. These extreme temperatures can cause the adhesive to break down and labels will begin to peel or fall off completely. There are some label adhesives which are designed to withstand all temperatures and environmental factors, and these are always worth considering if your products are likely to be subjected to hot or cold.
The Effect Of Temperature On Face Stock
It isn't just label adhesive that you need to worry about, but also the stock you use in your labelling machine. Some materials cannot withstand environments which are overly hot or cold, and it is important to plan your labels accordingly. Consider how your products are likely to be used in future, and then choose your label stocks based on this. For example, are your products likely to end up in an ice cooler, or on a shelf in a steamy bathroom? Labels made from film substrates are able to handle high heats well, while paper materials can struggle in these areas.
Warping Shrink Sleeves
Shrink sleeve labels are another option for a lot of different shaped products, but there are also some considerations to make when it comes to extreme environments. If a shrink sleeve gets too cold or too hot, they are known to warp easily. This can ruin your design or destroy your product labels altogether.
At Atwell Labellers, we are experts in advanced labelling systems and contract labelling. If you need advice and guidance on the kind of labels you need for your products, contact our team today.


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In Fall 2020, ATI convened 37 of its member institutions from across the country to launch an academic equity community of practice, devoted to promoting more equitable academic communities at a time of widening inequities.
As a part of this community of practice, ATI has launched a case study series to highlight the data-driven strategies members nationwide are adopting to advance this work. The first installment, Using Data to Advance Inclusive Excellence in STEM, highlights Virginia Tech's efforts to improve success for marginalized and minoritized students in STEM fields.
With the support of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute's Inclusive Excellence Initiative, Virginia Tech has launched a multi-year, cohort-based initiative to empower individual STEM departments to use data to ensure more widespread, equitable student success. In addition to sharing more details about this program, the brief outlines the lessons learned from this process, including:
- The opportunity to use student success data to facilitate learning and buy-in among faculty
- The importance of engaging faculty in a collaborative, iterative process to identify the highest-impact areas for intervention
- The value of incorporating and empowering student and faculty voices through robust, qualitative data collection and evaluation
These insights have helped Virginia Tech equitably redesign curricula and empower faculty across its STEM departments to regularly discuss and implement equity-focused changes.


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Responsibilities of a Nursing Assistant for a Diabetic Patient
Growth Trends for Related Jobs
Nursing assistants work under the supervision of registered nurses and are often the person who is most involved in the day-to-day care of the patient. A nursing assistant may have contact with the diabetic patient in a clinic, in the community, or in a hospital. Much of his role involves monitoring the patient's condition, and helping her to manage it as effectively as possible. The nursing assistant can play a crucial part in helping the person with diabetes to maximize her quality of life.
The nursing assistant together with the RN helps educate and inform the patient about effective diet management. Diet, particularly carbohydrate control, is central to diabetes. Many diabetic patients struggle with this aspect of their condition. Some patients may instinctively reject some of this advice. The nursing assistant can often form a trusting relationship with the patient, where such issues can be discussed in a constructive way.
The nursing assistant monitors all aspects of the diabetic patient's care. She may carry out routine urinalysis, record the results, and immediately report any abnormailitie. The nursing assistant often carries out blood glucose monitoring and reports and records the results. Any changes in the patient's level of consciousness, or behavior will also be noted and reported by the care assistant. Some nursing assistants are trained to assist with insulin pump therapy.
The nursing assistant should be trained to recognize complications and to act immediately, informing the nurse in charge or the physician. The obvious acute complications occur when there is an imbalance between the glucose and insulin levels. Good care can help the patient avoid some of these complication. The nursing assistant should help the patient with hygiene needs, ensuring that he regularly attends the podiatry clinic and has regular eye tests.


Optimal cognitive distance and absorptive capacity
B. Nooteboom, W.P.M. Vanhaverbeke, G.M. Duysters, V.A. Gilsing, A.J. Oord, van den
Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review
720 Citations (Scopus)
4 Downloads (Pure)
In this paper we test the relation between cognitive distance and innovation performance of firms engaged in technology-based alliances. The key finding is that the hypothesis of an inverted U-shaped effect of cognitive distance on innovation performance of firms is confirmed. Moreover, as expected, we found that the positive effect for firms is much higher when engaging in more radical, exploratory alliances than in more exploitative alliances. The effect of cumulative R&D turns out to be mixed. It appears to increase absorptive capacity, as expected, but there is clear evidence that it also reduces the effect of cognitive distance on novelty value, making it increasingly difficult to find additional novelty.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1016-1034
Number of pages19
JournalResearch Policy
Issue number7
Publication statusPublished - 2007
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Engineering Consultancy & Technology Transfer:
PRODUCT DETAILS: Colloidal Sodium Silicates can have any ratio of Sio2/Na2O between 1.6 and 3.85. The usual ratios of 3.00 by mass are known as "NEUTRAL SILICATE" & 2.20 by mass are known as "ALKALINE SILICATE".
UGT PROCESS FOR SODIUM SILICATE MANUFACTURE
Normally Sodium Silicate or Water Glass is produced by Fusion Process with sand and soda ash at 1000°C. The UGT Process is an innovative energy efficient process for manufacture of Sodium Silicate without fusion.
The process of manufacture involves Mixing of constituent Chemicals in a Reaction vessel, Preheating, Digestion, and Neutralization with Special catalyst. After ageing, it is filtered and sent for storage. The UG Group can offer their exclusive process and transfer the technology and execute project on turnkey basis to the required specifications as per customer needs.