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location of the hot water event in relation to the source of hot water?
- How long is the time until the next hot water event?
- What is the temperature of the hot water needed for that subsequent event?
- What is the volume of water in the pipe that eventually cools down?
Going back to trunks, branches and twigs, all hot water distribution systems have some combination of these. The worst configuration from the water and energy perspective is to have a high volume system characterized by long, large diameter trunks, long, large diameter branches and long twigs. The best configuration would be a low volume system characterized by short, small volume trunks, no branches and short twigs. To achieve this configuration means carefully determining the location of all fixtures in relationship to one water heater, or having multiple water heaters as will be described in the section on Point-of-Use Water Heaters. The next best system would be to have a reasonable volume trunk and short twigs. This provides for greater flexibility in the relationship between the water heater(s) and the fixtures, while still minimizing the volume of water in each twig.
Standard main and branch systems generally have large volume trunks, medium volume branches and relatively small volume twigs. The distance (volume) from the water heater to the fixtures varies from close to far (small volume to large volume). If the first hot water event is close to the water heater, then hot water will flow through the trunk line to the branch line to the twig serving that fixture. If the next hot water event is located at the far end of the trunk line, then the source of hot water will be the point on the trunk line where the water branched off to serve the first event, assuming, of course, that the water in the pipe hasn't cooled to below the temperature needed for the second hot water event. If the first hot water event was at the furthest fixture, then the hot water would already be at the branch line serving the closest fixture, assuming that the time between hot water events is short enough that the temperature in the pipes was still hot enough.
Once the temperature in the pipes drops below the desired temperature for the next hot water event, it is necessary to replace all of the water in the pipes that is not hot enough with water that is. As was discussed earlier, at a minimum, this will be the volume of water that is in the pipe between the source of hot water and the fixture. The amount that needs to be removed can be significantly more than this, both for structural reasons and for behavioral ones…if people have to wait long enough, they leave, coming back to see if the water is hot when they are good and ready to do so.
While the examples given above are based on single family dwellings, the principles are equally applicable to multi-family and non-residential applications. For example, in multi-family buildings with recirculation systems, depending on how the plumbing is configured, there may be a branch line serving each apartment or there may be individual twigs serving each fixture off a trunk line.
The time between hot water events, the location of the next hot water event and the temperature needed for the next hot water event are all unknowns. They are essentially random and the possibilities are practically infinite. However, all of the possibilities default into two choices; either the temperature of the water in the pipes is hot enough for the next hot water event or it is not. Since it is unknown what the desired temperature for the next event will be, it makes sense to design systems to provide for hottest typical event, say 105o to 110oF, suitable for a shower.
The volume of water in the pipes is determined by the location of the fixtures and appliances in relationship to the water heater(s). The greater the length, the higher the flow rate and the more fixtures served by the same pipe, the greater the volume that pipe needs to be. Plumbing codes must be followed when determining the diameter of the pipes supply hot water to the fixtures. The purpose of good engineering and the codes is to ensure that there is enough pressure at each fixture so that it operates properly under a variety of conditions.
Given these considerations, the volume of water on the supply side of a hot water distribution system is effectively predetermined. As shown earlier in Figures 5 and 6, the same amount of insulation keeps a larger diameter pipe hotter longer than a smaller diameter pipe. However, the larger the diameter, the more water that will eventually cool down if the time between hot water events is long enough. The energy it took to heat this water will effectively be lost.
A balance needs to be struck between the volume of the water that is in the supply piping and the fact that the energy it took to heat that water will be lost when the water in the pipes eventually cools down (which it will always do if the time between hot water events is long enough). While this can be addressed relatively easily in new construction (or a major remodel where the piping configuration can be changed), it is much harder to do so in retrofit.
Single trunk and branch systems are the simplest to fix and the ones where the benefits in terms of water and energy will be greatest. This is because once the trunk line is primed with hot water, the volume to the fixture is reduced to what remains in the branch and twig that serves the fixture. Since all fixtures are served by some combination of branches and twigs that emanate from the main trunk line, all fixtures will benefit to a greater or lesser degree by priming the main trunk line.
The most difficult plumbing configuration to fix will be manifold systems. These systems are characterized by a trunk line of some volume, hopefully small, and twigs serving individual fixtures. If there are many fixtures with relatively large volume twigs, there will be many problem areas that need to be addressed.
In new construction, it is possible to address both the location of the fixtures and the layout of the plumbing that will serve those fixtures. Stacking hot water fixtures, locating them back-to-back and grouping them close together and near the water heater minimizes the total plumbing required. This is true for the hot and cold water supply as well as for the drain system. However, efficiently locating the plumbing fixtures is often not the primary criteria when designing a building layout.
The key to reducing the waste of water for the next hot water event is to minimize the volume of water between the source of hot water and the fixture that is not hot enough to perform the task at hand. Insulated trunk lines, which are relatively large in diameter, stay hot a relatively long time. Once the trunk line is hot enough, then the volume of water between the trunk line and the individual fixtures becomes the next critical value. The smaller the volume of the water contained in these sections of pipe, the less water that will be wasted at the beginning of the next hot water event.
Technologies and PBMPs
Point-of-Use Water Heaters
The principle behind point-of-use water heaters is to locate the heater(s) close to each fixture or appliance so that when hot water is desired, the waste of water, energy, and time until hot water arrives is minimized. Each point-of-use water heater needs to be sized properly for the one or more fixtures that it will serve. Many people are familiar with the devices that are intended to heat a small amount of water at the kitchen sink. While appropriate for that use, they are not capable of supplying one or more gallons per minute of hot water for continuous use at a sink or shower and they do not have the capacity to provide the hot water for a dishwasher or washing machine cycle.
Hiller (ASHRAE-Hiller, 2005) reports that beyond a certain distance, adding another water heater may be more energy-efficient than running the plumbing from a single water heater. This conclusion is based on the results of laboratory tests that studied the heat loss characteristics of ½- and ¾-inch piping. This paper compares the energy lost in the piping to the energy lost by the water heater, both over the course of the day. Hiller found that larger diameter pipe, less insulation on the pipe, and more efficient water heaters translate into a shorter distance before the energy losses from another water heater are equal to the energy losses of the intervening piping. This was true for both trunk and branch piping layouts and for recirculation system layouts.
The CEC approaches the question somewhat differently. In the 2005 Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards Residential Compliance Manual (CEC-Shirakah, 2005) a point-of-use hot water distribution system is one with no more than eight (8) feet of horizontal distance between the water heater and hot water fixtures, except in the laundry. The CEC considers this type of distribution system to be somewhat more efficient than the standard hot water distribution system. To get credit for this when building a house, there can only be one such system in the building - one water heater serving all fixtures and appliances.
There are several issues with installing point-of-use water heaters. These have been well described by Klein (IAPMO-Klein, 2005b) as follows:
- The cost of running gas piping or electrical wiring to each point-of-use water heater instead of running plumbing pipe to the same location. In general it always costs less to install the same length of plumbing.
- The cost of installing additional flues if gas is the water heating fuel.
- The related problems of how to install a flue for the island sink in the kitchen when the floor is a slab-on-grade.
- The cost of each additional water heater. If the additional water heat


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Eliminate paraffin-wax deposits at low production rate well
Low fluid temperature on top of the well
Stream TracerTM IT heating system
Increased fluid temperature from 7 to 23 degrees
Reduced energy consumption up to 47% for 12 months
STREAM TRACERТМ TECHNOLOGY SUCCESSFULLY REPLACES SERIES RESISTANCE DOWNHOLE HEATING SYSTEM
Stream TracerTM technology reduced the cost for eliminating of hydrocarbon solid deposits in mature oil well up to 1,8 times
Location: Russia, Perm Territory
Overview: The development of the field located in Perm Region was started in 1999. The reduced production volume caused by the reservoir decreased energy resulted both in conversion of the well to pump operation and aggravation of waxing issues in tubing string and discharge line. To protect the well having flow rate from 50 to 88 barrels of fluid per day, the field operator has been using an integrated method involving both continuous heating of tubing string lift by KGn-type cable, placed into the pipe and monthly hot oiling of the well. As a result of high energy consumption of electric heating system and oil loss during hot oiling of the well the operator had to start looking for more efficient technologies for the well protection from hydrocarbons deposits.
The heater design tuning tu maximize energy efficiency
For heating of the well Stream Tracerтм IT system was chosen by the reason of its innovative heater with a variable power lengthwise. SST Group engineering team carried out vast front-end engineering works. The studies of the fluid properties performed in laboratory conditions clarified key parameters of the temperature to be maintained. Based on mathematic simulation of the well performance under different conditions the basic modes of heat balance were determined for the well capacity from 50 to 88 bfpd. To maintain the fluid temperature above wax saturation point of 17 °С the 1,020 m heater with 3 heat-emitting zones was chosen. Power-length ratio of the working zones were 30 W/m in the bottom part and 45 W/m in the top one, the length of the high power zone was much less than the one of the low-power zone. The total design capacity of electrical heating system was 37.1 kW, which was 26% lower than actual capacity of the earlier used system.
Challenges for operation in difficult condition
Rather difficult engineering problem is to be solved to heat the low flow wells. A pressure drop while lifting and low flow rate lead to considerable fluid temperature loss under its moving from reservoir to well head. A fluid temperature is decreasing from the bottomhole zone temperature till the wax saturation limit at depths from 1,500 to 600 m. The use of the resistive heating cable having a constant heating capacity along the entire length leads to fluid overheating in the lower part of the heating zone. However, the fluid temperature is dropped lower than wax appearance one when it approaches the well head due to low flow rate, low reservoir temperature, considerable heat losses in permafrost soils and not enough capacity of the resistive cable. The requirement of reduction of electrical energy consumption and maintaining the fluid temperature above wax saturation point along the entire depth of the tubing string became the main challenges of the project.
Stream tracerтм technology steadly increases oil production and reduces costs
The system was commissioned at the beginning of 2016. The fluid temperature at the wellhead reached design set volume of 23°С during first 3 days. The energy saving exceeded design figures and approached 30% already in the first 4 months. When the well approached the heat equilibrium condition the heating rate was reduced to 24 kW by using power supply and control system with a wide heating power regulation band. The unique patterns of the control system operation in the mode of maintaining a given temperature of fluid at the wellhead let us approach hourly average energy consumption over the rolling year equals 26.8 kW. Average power of heating and production rate data through the first year presented at the figure below.
Average power of heating and production rate per month
During the system operation there were no one case of oil production outage caused by wax formation in the tubing or by the necessity of additional treatments. That yields some rise in terms of total annual production volumes per rolling year.
The costs budgeted by the сustomer for fighting with wax deposits were decreased by 47%.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


I was under the impression that work function should be measured in eV or meV but I have read literature stating 'work function resolution of 1-3 eV. Is it right?
In physics, for charged particles (such as electrons) the formula E= eV applies where E is energy, 'e' is the charge on an electron and V is volts (or millivolts).
The work function is the energy required to remove an electron from the surface of a conductor such as a metal. It is an energy and the units are typically 'eV' or alternatively'meV'.
The Kelvin probe actually measures a change in voltage either in volts or millivolts; sometimes this is called a surface potential change. So the difference between work function changes (measured in eV) and surface potential changes (measured in volts) is simply the charge on the electron 'e'. Most scientists and engineers recognise this and use the two terms independently.
You could take the following view: The Kelvin probe reports surface potential changes in mV, calibrating the tip work function and converting the measured voltage value to a sample work function allows you to quote in eV.
In summary, whilst technically correct, the work function resolution should be stated as 1-3 meV.
In addition the work function resolution is a function of the tip size. So for a larger tip (1-2 cm diameter) we will have 0.1 meV resolution. As our new Kelvin probe tip holder (which is an option) allows us to use any tip diameter then in our new literature we are quoting a work function resolution from 0.1 meV, or indeed 100 µeV.
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This is an expected behavior as you apply the Quality of Service (QoS) on the physical interfaces that make up the EtherChannel. Since the commands get applied line-by-line, the port channel sees the ports mismatched at different instances of time, which causes it to unbundle the ports.
Once an EtherChannel is configured, it is recommended that you apply commands to the logical port-channel interface and these get propagated to the individual ports.
In other words, when you configure QoS on a port that is part of an EtherChannel on CatOS, you must always configure it on a per-port basis. Also, you must ensure that you apply the same QoS configuration to all ports, because the EtherChannel can only bundle ports with the same QoS configurations. This means that you need to configure these parameters the same:
Port trust type
Receive port type (2q2t or 1p2q2t)
Transmit port type (1q4t or 1p1q4t)
Default port class of service (CoS)
Port-based QoS or VLAN-based QoS
Access control list (ACL) or protocol pair that the port carries


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MEXICO — Students from the Oswego County BOCES Public Safety and Justice program, Nursing Assistant program and the three New Vision programs participated in a ground school training session with Mercy Flight Central, a non-profit air medical transportation service.
Pilot Dan Tanton, Flight Paramedic Bob Breese, and Flight Nurse Yuri Pashchuk arrived via helicopter at the campus in Mexico and spoke to high school juniors and seniors about the benefits of air medical transportation, their individual roles as part of a critical care response team, and the services they are equipped to provide aboard the aircraft. "We bring the hospital," the crew said as they explained how they are an extension of the care that EMS crews are able to provide.
In addition, Mercy Flight Outreach Coordinator Colleen Gleeson joined the training to speak to students about the appropriate utilization of air medical services and what is expected of emergency ground responders to aid with patient transportation. In preparation for the flight's arrival, Gleeson talked to students about the area of approach, exit points, and danger areas of the aircraft for ground responders.
Cadets in the Public Safety and Justice program often have an interest in pursuing professional training in the areas of police science, emergency management and firefighting and often serve as the emergency ground responders responsible for requesting air medical transportation and establishing a safe, secure and well-marked landing zone area for air medical transportation.


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Is it possible to calculate pressure at a point in a pipe, where a solenoid valve shall be placed, given that
 - the pipe carries water (utility supplied, regular water)
 - from an overhead tank (at a certain height from ground)
 - height of tank (i.e. max water column height, although not sure if vertical pipe-length should be added to it?)
 - water is flowing purely under the effect of gravity (and atmospheric pressure)
 - value is installed at a certain height from ground
 - pipe material is PVC
 - pipe diameter is say 1.5inches.
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Bernoulli's law will get you quite close to the actual value. – Bernhard Jan 15 '12 at 18:43
Thanks _USER_. Care to elaborate a little? Would be an understatement to say that my high-school physics is a bit rusty. – icarus74 Jan 16 '12 at 18:45
The result of this is already given in the answer by Martin (without mentioning Bernoulli's law. Basically, neglecting v-terms, giving dp=g dz – Bernhard Jan 18 '12 at 8:53
Thanks _USER_... better late than... – icarus74 Dec 8 '14 at 6:43
1 Answer 1
up vote 2 down vote accepted
If the fluid is pretty incompressible, the flow rate isn't high and the pipe is wide enough that there aren't surface effects. Then the pressure is simply the height of the head of water above the point multiplied by the density of the fluid.
eg. Water is 0.0361 lbs/cubic inch, so a head of 1ft = 12 inches = 12 * 0.0361 = 0.43 psi
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The fluid happens to be water. Is it compressible? Pipe is either 1" or 2/3" dia, wonder if it is "wide enough"? Here's a picture. I wonder if the height of the head of water is the length AC, or AB? – icarus74 Jan 16 '12 at 18:44
It's AC, for water in ordinary plumping then just the height is fine. – Martin Beckett Jan 16 '12 at 19:58
Your Answer


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Marcescence is the retention of dead plant organs that normally are shed. It is most obvious in deciduous trees that retain leaves through the winter. Several trees normally have marcescent leaves such as oak (Quercus), beech (Fagus) and hornbeam (Carpinus), or marcescent stipules as in some but not all species of willows (Salix). Marcescent leaves of pin oak (Quercus palustris) complete development of their abscission layer in the spring. The base of the petiole remains alive over the winter. Many other trees may have marcescent leaves in seasons where an early freeze kills the leaves before the abscission layer develops or completes development. Diseases or pests can also kill leaves before they can develop an abscission layer.
Marcescent leaves may be retained indefinitely and do not break off until mechanical forces (wind for instance) cause the dry and brittle petioles to snap.
Many palms form a skirt-like or shuttlecock-like crown of marcescent leaves under new growth that may persist for years before being shed. In some species only juveniles retain dead leaves and marcescence in palms is considered a primitive trait.
The term marcescent is also used in mycology to describe a mushroom which (unlike most species, described as "putrescent") can dry out, but later revive and continue to disperse spores. Genus Marasmius is well known for this feature, which was considered taxonomically important by Elias Magnus Fries in his 1838 classification of the fungi.
One possible advantage of marcescent leaves is that they may deter feeding of large herbivores, such as deer and moose, which normally eat the twigs and their nutritious buds. Dead, dry leaves make the twigs less nutritious and less palatable.
Marcescent leaves may protect some species from water stress or temperature stress. For example, in tropical alpine environments a wide variety of plants in different plant families and different parts of the world have evolved a growth form known as the caulescent rosette, characterized by evergreen rosettes growing above marcescent leaves. Examples of plants for which the marcescent leaves have been confirmed to improve survival, help water balance, or protect the plant from cold injury are Espeletia schultzii and Espeletia timotensis, both from the Andes.
The litter-trapping marcescent leaf crown of Dypsis palms accumulate detritus to enhance their nutritient supply. By the same token, palms with marcescent leaf bases are also more susceptible to epiphytic parasites like figs that may completely engulf and strangle the palms.
- Berkley, Earl E. 1931. Marcescent leaves of certain species of Quercus. Botanical Gazette 92: 85-93.
- George W. Argus. "88. Salix planifolia Pursh". Flora of North America 7.
- Hoshaw, R.W. and Guard, A.T. 1949. "Abscission of marcescent leaves of Quercus palustris and Q. coccinea". Botanical Gazette 110: 587–593.
- Addicott, Fredrick T. (1982). Abscission. University of California Press. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-520-04288-9.
- L.B. Holm-Nielsen, ed. (1989). Tropical Forests: Botanical Dynamics, Speciation & Diversity. Academic Press. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-08-098445-2.
- Dowe, John (2010). Australian Palms: Biogeography, Ecology and Systematics. Csiro Publishing. p. 160. ISBN 978-0-643-10185-2.
- Dransfield, John; Uhl, Natalie W. (2008). Genera Palmarum: the evolution and classification of palms. Kew Pub. p. 294. ISBN 978-1-84246-182-2.
marcescent in immature [descriptive of several spp.]
- Moore, Harold Emery; Uhl, Natalie W. (1982). Major Trends of Evolution in Palms. New York Botanical Garden. p. 69.
- See introduction to Roy E. Halling "A revision of Collybia s.l. in the northeastern United States & adjacent Canada" Inst. of Syst. Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126
- E. M. Fries Epicrisis systematis mycologici (1838) Uppsala: Typographia Academica
- Svendsen, Claus R. 2001. Effects of marcescent leaves on winter browsing by large herbivores in northern temperate deciduous forests. Alces 37(2): 475-482.
- Goldstein, G. and Meinzer, F.1983. Influence of insulating dead leaves and low temperatures on water balance in an Andean giant rosette plant. Plant, Cell & Environment 6: 649-656.
- Smith, Alan P.1979. Function of dead leaves in Espeletia schultzii (Compositae), and Andean caulescent rosette species. Biotropica 11: 43-47.
- Bramwell, David; Caujapé-Castells, Juli (2011-07-21). The Biology of Island Floras. Cambridge University Press. p. 189. ISBN 978-1-139-49780-0.
- Kramer, Gregory T. (2011). "Palm Tree Susceptibility to Hemi-Epiphytic Parasitism by Ficus". (M.S. thesis). University of Florida.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Marcescence.|
- Narration and video about marcescence

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Supporting Pembrokeshire, People and Planet
With not too much planning your event can yield multiple benefits to both you and Pembrokeshire. By looking after the natural environment and supporting the local economy your reputation can be enhanced and you may find significant efficiency savings.
Things that will enhance your event:
- Encourage both participants and the audience to use public transport, lift share and if possible get to your event by foot or bicycle.
- Employing local people
- Using local food and drink suppliers
- Making the event environmentally friendly e.g. by good marketing that keeps paper advertising at a minimum, using refillable bottles, providing recycling facilities and keeping event/route litter free.
- Supporting local good causes, charities and community resources. If your event is benefiting from the use of a community or public resource like a local park or footpath, then you may like to make a contribution to its upkeep. In the current financial climate the ongoing management of these resources is often under significant strain and contributions to their upkeep are always appreciated and can also give your event positive publicity
- Protecting wildlife and other animals.


Tag Archives: Swords
Why Did Jesus Tell His Disciples to Buy Swords?
Continue reading Why Did Jesus Tell His Disciples to Buy Swords?
Why Did Jesus Say He Came to Bring a Sword?
by Greg Boyd, originally posted at his website ReKnew.
Some, both modern scholars along with church leaders since the fourth century, have used this passage as evidence to argue that Jesus is not altogether non-violent.
When we place Matthew 10:34 in its broader context, it becomes clear that Jesus' teaching not only does not condone violence on the part of his disciples, it actually rules out all violence. As Jesus is preparing his disciples to proclaim the Good News of the arrival of the kingdom of God throughout the region, he warns them that he is sending them out "like sheep among wolves" (Mt 10:16, cf. vv. 5-15).
Continue reading Why Did Jesus Say He Came to Bring a Sword?
Conquering the World Through Love


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Migrating from Bitbucket Server with GitHub Enterprise Importer
Learn about the process of migrating from Bitbucket Server to GitHub, from planning to implementation to completing follow-up tasks.
Note: Migrations from Bitbucket Server using GitHub Enterprise Importer are currently in private beta and subject to change. To request access to the beta, see Join the Bitbucket Server migrations Waitlist.
About migrations from Bitbucket Server
With GitHub Enterprise Importer, you can migrate to GitHub Enterprise Cloud on a repository-by-repository basis. For more information, see "About GitHub Enterprise Importer".
If you're migrating from Bitbucket Server, you can use this guide to plan and implement your migration and complete follow-up tasks.
Planning your migration
To plan your migration, ask yourself the following questions.
How soon do we need to complete the migration?
Determine your timeline, which will largely dictate your approach. The first step for determining your timeline is to get an inventory of what you need to migrate.
 - Number of repositories
 - Number of pull requests
Migration timing is largely based on the number of pull requests in a repository. If you want to migrate 1,000 repositories, and each repository has 100 pull requests on average, and only 50 users have contributed to the repositories, your migration will likely be very quick. If you want to migrate only 100 repositories, but the repositories each have 75,000 pull requests on average, and 5,000 users, the migration will take much longer and require much more planning and testing.
After you take inventory of the repositories you need to migrate, you can weigh your inventory data against your desired timeline. If your organization can withstand a higher degree of change, then you might be able to migrate all your repositories at once, completing your migration efforts in a few days. However, you may have various teams that are not able to migrate at the same time. In this case, you might want to batch and stagger your migrations to fit the teams' timelines, extending your migration effort.
 1. Determine how many repositories and pull requests you need to migrate.
 2. To understand when teams can be ready to migrate, interview stakeholders.
 3. Fully review the rest of this guide, then decide on a migration timeline.
Do we understand what will be migrated?
Ensure that you and your stakeholders understand what data can be migrated by GitHub Enterprise Importer.
For migrations from Bitbucket Server, GitHub Enterprise Importer only migrates Git repositories and pull requests. Any other assets, such as CI pipelines, will remain in Bitbucket Server.
Because permissions work differently in GitHub than in Bitbucket Server, GitHub Enterprise Importer does not attempt to migrate repository permissions from Bitbucket Server. For more information, see "Configuring permissions."
 1. Review the data that's migrated from Bitbucket Server. For more information, see "Migration support for GitHub Enterprise Importer."
 2. Make a list of any data that you'll need to manually migrate or recreate.
Who will run the migration?
To migrate a repository, you must be an organization owner for the destination organization in GitHub, or an organization owner must grant you the migrator role.
You must also have required permissions and access to your Bitbucket Server instance:
 - Admin or super admin permissions
 - If your Bitbucket Server instance runs Linux, SFTP access to the instance, using a supported SSH private key (see "Managing access for GitHub Enterprise Importer")
 - If your Bitbucket Server instance runs Windows, file sharing (SMB) access to the instance
 1. Decide whether you want an organization owner of the destination organization to perform your migrations, or whether you need to grant the migrator role to someone else.
 2. If you chose to grant the migrator role, decide which person or team you'll grant the role to.
 3. Grant the migrator role to the person or team. For more information, see "Granting the migrator role for GitHub Enterprise Importer."
 4. Confirm that the person has correctly configured personal access tokens to meet all the access requirements. For more information, see "Managing access for GitHub Enterprise Importer."
 5. Confirm the migrator has admin or super admin permissions and SFTP access for your Bitbucket Server instance.
What organizational structure do we want in GitHub?
Next, plan the organizational structure you'll create in GitHub.
In Bitbucket Server, repositories are grouped into projects. In GitHub, repositories are owned by organizations. However, you should not assume that the best approach is to create one organization in GitHub per project in Bitbucket Server.
After migrating to GitHub, you should have only one enterprise account and a small number of organizations owned by that enterprise.
Each migrated repository will be owned by one of these organizations, which may result in a large list of ungrouped repositories within each organization. However, you can manage access to groups of repositories by creating teams on GitHub. For more information, see "About teams."
If you want to break your migration effort into batches, consider batching by organization.
 1. Decide what your new organization structural will be.
 2. Decide if you need to break up your migration effort into smaller batches.
 3. If so, decide how you want to break up your migrations.
Running your migrations
After you complete your planning, you can start the actual migrations. To help uncover problems that might be unique to your enterprise during and after the migration, we highly recommend performing trial runs of all migrations. After resolving any issues uncovered by the trial runs, you can run your production migrations.
Trial migrations help you determine several critical pieces of information.
 - Whether the migration for a given repository can complete successfully
 - Whether you can get the repository back to a state where your users can successfully start working
 - How long a migration will take to run, which is useful for planning migration schedules and setting stakeholder expectations
Trial runs do not require much time coordination. GitHub Enterprise Importer never requires downtime for users of a repository being migrated. However, we recommend halting work during production migrations to ensure that new data isn't created during the migration, which would then be missing from the migrated repository. This isn't a concern for trial migrations, so trial runs can take place at any time. To reduce the time it takes to complete your trial migrations, you can schedule the batches for your trial runs back-to-back. Users of those repositories can then validate the results on their own time.
We recommend creating a test organization to use as a destination for your trial migrations. You can use a single organization for all trial runs, or you can create one test organization for each intended destination organization. Consider including -sandbox at the end of the organization names, to clarify that the organizations are intended only for migration validation and not for production. You can delete the test organizations after you're done.
 1. Create a test organization for your trial migrations.
 2. Run the trial migrations. For more information, see "Preparing to run a migration with GitHub Enterprise Importer."
 3. Complete the follow-up tasks described below for the trial migrations.
 4. Ask users to validate the results of the migrations.
 5. Resolve any issues uncovered by your trial migrations.
 6. If your destination uses IP allow lists, configure the list to allow access by GitHub Enterprise Importer. For more information, see "Managing access for GitHub Enterprise Importer."
 7. Run your production migrations. For more information, see "Migrating repositories from Bitbucket Server to GitHub Enterprise Cloud."
 8. Optionally, delete the test organization.
Completing follow-up tasks
After each migration has finished, you will need to complete some additional tasks before the repository is ready for work.
Reviewing the migration log
First, review the migration log for each migrated repository. For more information, see "Accessing your migration logs for GitHub Enterprise Importer."
If any specific items within the repository could not be migrated, you'll see a warning in the migration log.
Note: If the "Migration Log" issue includes "Migration completed" at the bottom, the repository was migrated. Error messages only indicate that specific items within the repository, such as a comment on a pull request, may not have migrated correctly.
 1. Review your migration logs.
 2. Review any warnings each log, and ensure that none are blocking the acceptance of the migration. For more information, see "Troubleshooting your migration with GitHub Enterprise Importer."
Setting repository visibility
All repositories are migrated as private, and only the user that ran the migration and organization owners will have access to the repository. If you don't want the repository to be private, change the visibility.
 - You can change a repository's visibility in the browser. For more information, see "Setting repository visibility."
 - Alternatively, you can use GitHub CLI to change repository visibility from the command line. You can even add this command to the script that was generated to run your migrations. For more information, see gh repo edit in the GitHub CLI


SUB COPY_UDT (Source AS PVOID, Destination AS PVOID, Count AS INT)
 POKE(Destination, PEEK$(Source, Count), Count)
 END SUB
Result:
 These are our initial values:
 1.123456789
 2
 Hello World
 These were passed to this SUB
 1.123456789
 2
 Hello World
 Enter a DOUBLE: 1.2345
 Enter a INTEGER: 54321
 Enter a STRING: Not a number.
 These were passed back from the SUB:
 1.2345
 54321
 Not a number.
Example 2:
 TYPE MYBOX
 Top%
 Left%
 Width%
 Height%
 Fill AS BOOL
 END TYPE

 DIM abc AS MYBOX

 abc.Top% = 100
 abc.Left% = 300
 abc.Width% = 100
 abc.Height% = 100
 abc.Fill = TRUE

 PRINT abc.Top%
 PRINT abc.Left%
 PRINT abc.Width%
 PRINT abc.Height%
 PRINT abc.Fill
Result:
 100
 300
 100
 100
 1
Example 3:
 TYPE MYREC
 B$ [2083] AS CHAR
 END TYPE
 DIM Test AS MYREC
 DIM A$ * 2083
 A$ = "test string"
 Test.B$ = "Next"
 PRINT A$
 PRINT Test.B$
Result:
 test string
 Next
Example 4: Here is a short example in which a user defined type is used to return multiple values from a FUNCTION.
 TYPE test
 a$[5] AS CHAR
 b$[5] AS CHAR
 END TYPE
 DIM x$
 DIM v AS test
 x$ = "ABC and XYZ"
 v = dfunc(x$)
 PRINT v.a$
 PRINT v.b$
 FUNCTION dfunc(d$) AS test
 LOCAL f AS test
 f.a$ = LEFT$(d$,3)
 f.b$ = RIGHT$(d$,3)
 FUNCTION = f
 END FUNCTION
Result:
 ABC
 XYZ
Example 5: Below is a variation of Example 4, on how to return multiple values from a function, that shows some additional techniques.
 TYPE MyObject
 x AS INT
 y AS INT
 n[10] AS CHAR
 END TYPE

 GLOBAL p AS MyObject

 p = MyFunc () : PRINT p.x, SPC$, p.y, SPC$, p.n
 p = MyFunc (1) : PRINT p.x, SPC$, p.y, SPC, p.n
 p = MyFunc (2) : PRINT p.x, SPC$, p.y, SPC, p.n
 p = MyFunc (3) : PRINT p.x, SPC$, p.y, SPC, p.n
 PAUSE

 FUNCTION MyFunc (Opt = 0 AS INT) AS MyObject
 '***************************************
 SELECT CASE Opt
 CASE 0 : p = (MyObject) { 0 }
 CASE 1 : p = (MyObject) { 1 }
 CASE 2 : p = (MyObject) { 1, 2 }
 CASE 3 : p = (MyObject) { 1, 2, "Bananas!" }
 END SELECT
 '***************************************
 FUNCTION = p
 END FUNCTION
Result:
 0 0
 1 0
 1 2
 1 2 Bananas!
 Press any key to continue . . .
Example 6: Here is a more complex program showing off multi-dimensional user defined TYPE, including a struct, RECT, within the TYPE.
 TYPE QWERTY
 DIM a
 DIM b!
 DIM c$[80] AS CHAR
 DIM q AS RECT
 END TYPE

 GLOBAL MyType[10, 10, 10] AS QWERTY

 MyType[2, 3, 4].a = 1
 MyType[2, 3, 4].b! = 2.345
 MyType[2, 3, 4].c$ = "hello world from a poly-dimensional udt!"

 MyType[2, 3, 4].q.left = 6
 MyType[2, 3, 4].q.top = 7
 MyType[2, 3, 4].q.right = 8
 MyType[2, 3, 4].q.bottom = 9

 PRINT MyType[2, 3, 4].a
 PRINT MyType[2, 3, 4].b!
 PRINT UCASE$(MyType[2, 3, 4].c$)

 PRINT MyType[2, 3, 4].q.left
 PRINT MyType[2, 3, 4].q.top
 PRINT MyType[2, 3, 4].q.right
 PRINT MyType[2, 3, 4].q.bottom
Result:
 1
 2.345
 HELLO WORLD FROM A POLY-DIMENSIONAL UDT!
 6
 7
 8
 9
Example 7: Using the WITH ... END WITH control flow statement, the multi-dimensional user defined types Example 4 above can be written as follows.
 TYPE QWERTY
 DIM a
 DIM b!
 DIM c$ [80] AS CHAR
 END TYPE
 GLOBAL MyType [10,10,10] AS QWERTY
 WITH MyType[2,3,4]
 .a = 1
 .b! = 2.345
 .c$ = "hello world from a poly-dimensional udt!"
 PRINT .a
 PRINT .b!
 PRINT UCASE$(.c$)
 END WITH

Result:
 1
 2.345
 HELLO WORLD FROM A POLY-DIMENSIONAL UDT!
Example 8: Here is an example demonstrating dynamic memory allocation of the members in a user defined type.
 TYPE NODE_TYP
 id AS INTEGER 'element number
 name$[32] AS CHAR 'Storage area
 A1 AS CHAR PTR 'Storage area determined at run-time
 A2 AS CHAR PTR 'Storage area determined at run-time
 A3 AS CHAR PTR 'Storage area determined at run-time
 next_node AS NODE_TYP PTR
 previous_node AS NODE_TYP PTR
 END TYPE

 DIM F AS NODE_TYP
 DIM X AS NODE_TYP PTR

 CALL AllocateStringSpace(&F, 100, 1000, 10000)
 F.A1 = "this holds 99"
 F.A2 = "this holds 999"
 F.A3 = "this holds 9999"
 ? F.A1$
 ? F.A2$
 ? F.A3$

 F.next_node = AllocateNode()
 X = F.next_node
 CALL AllocateStringSpace(X, 1000, 2000, 80000)
 X->A1 = "this holds 999"
 X->A2 = "this holds 1999"
 X->A3 = "this holds 79999"
 ? X->A1$
 ? X->A2$
 ? X->A3$

 PAUSE

 SUB AllocateStringSpace(Node AS NODE_TYP PTR, _
 A1Length AS LONG, _
 A2Length AS LONG, _
 A3Length AS LONG)
 ! Node->A1 = (PTCHAR)calloc(1,A1Length);
 ! Node->A2 = (PTCHAR)calloc(1,A2Length);
 ! Node->A3 = (PTCHAR)calloc(1,A3Length);
 END SUB

 FUNCTION AllocateNode() AS NODE_TYP PTR
 ! return (NODE_TYP_PTR)calloc(1,sizeof(NODE_TYP));
 END FUNCTION
Result:
 this holds 99
 this holds 999
 this holds 9999
 this holds 999
 this holds 1999
 this holds 79999
Example 9: Like Example 8, this example also demonstrates dynamic memory allocation of the members in a user defined type. The syntax in this example is much simpler because of new code introduced in BCX version 5.12 to allow the use of the DYNAMIC type qualifier a with member of a user defined type.
 TYPE NODE_TYP
 id AS INTEGER 'element number
 name$[32] AS CHAR 'Storage area
 DYNAMIC A1$ 'Storage area determined at run-time
 DYNAMIC A2$ 'Storage area determined at run-time
 DYNAMIC A3$ 'Storage area determined at run-time
 DYNAMIC next_node[] AS NODE_TYP
 DYNAMIC prev_node[] AS NODE_TYP
 END TYPE

 DIM F AS NODE_TYP
 DIM X AS NODE_TYP PTR

 REDIM F.A1$ * 100
 REDIM F.A2$ * 1000
 REDIM F.A3$ * 10000

 F.A1$ = "this holds 99"
 F.A2$ = "this holds 999"
 F.A3$ = "this holds 9999"
 ? F.A1$
 ? F.A2$
 ? F.A3$

 REDIM F.next_node[1]
 X = &F.next_node[0]

 REDIM X->A1$ * 1000
 REDIM X->A2$ * 2000
 REDIM X->A3$ * 80000

 X->A1$ = "this holds 999"
 X->A2$ = "this holds 1999"
 X->A3$ = "this holds 79999"

 ? X->A1$
 ? X->A2$
 ? X->A3$

 PAUSE

Example 10: How to REDIM a dynamic array inside a user defined type.
 TYPE First
 a$
 b%
 END TYPE
 TYPE Second
 c%
 DIM Something AS First PTR
 END TYPE
 DIM i

 DIM DYNAMIC Third[0


text:
Green building facts
- Buildings consume 32% of the world's resources including 12% of fresh water and 40% of the world's energy (7).
- In Australia commercial buildings produce almost 9% of our national Greenhouse gas emissions (8).
- To make way for the new Law School the Edgeworth David building and the Stephen Roberts lecture theatre were demolished in 2006. Over 80% of the materials from these buildings were recycled including the valuable copper from the roof of the lecture theatre
The new Law School Building
7. "Environmentally Sustainable Buildings: Challenges and Policies" OECD (2003)
8. "Australia State of the Environment Report" Department of Environment & Heritage (2001)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


) = 0$ and set $p(I,J) = i_k = j_\ell$. We may now define the sequence of gaps iteratively, as follows. Start with $I_0 = I$ and $J_0 = J$, and define for $m \geq 0$, \begin{equation}\label{eq:defgaps} \begin{aligned} \gD_{m+1} &= \gap(I_m, J_m),\\ I_{m+1} &= I_m \setminus [(I_m,J_m),\infty),\\ J_{m+1} &= J_m \setminus [(I_m,J_m),\infty), \end{aligned} \end{equation} taking care that the iteration only makes sense until \begin{equation}\label{eq:totalgap} g(I,J) = \inf\{m \geq 1 \colon I_{m} = \emptyset \text{ or } J_{m} = \emptyset\}, \end{equation} which is the total number of gaps. \end{step} \begin{proof}[Proof of the decoupling inequality~\eqref{eq:UBhatU}] Inequality~\eqref{eq:UBhatU} follows by iterating the following inequality: \begin{equation} \frac{\hU(I \cup J)}{\hU(I) \hU(J)} \leq \frac{\hU(I' \cup J')}{\hU(I') \hU(J')}[1 + r(\gap(I,J))], \quad \text{where }\left\{ \begin{aligned} I'&= I \setminus [(I,J),\infty),\\ J'&= J \setminus [(I,J),\infty). \end{aligned} \right. \end{equation} Indeed, if $i_k < j_\ell$ (using the notations above), then, \begin{equation} \begin{aligned} \hU(I \cup J) &= \hU(I' \cup J') \hu(j_\sigma - i_k) \prod_{\sigma \leq s < \ell} \hu(j_{s+1}-j_s),\\ \hU(I)\hU(J) &= \hU(I')\hU(J') \hu(j_\sigma - j_{\sigma-1}) \prod_{\sigma \leq s < \ell} \hu(j_{s+1}-j_s). \end{aligned} \end{equation} Therefore, \begin{equation} \begin{aligned} \frac{\hU(I \cup J)}{\hU(I) \hU(J)} \times \left(\frac{\hU(I' \cup J')}{\hU(I') \hU(J')} \right)^{-1} &= \frac{\hu(j_\sigma - i_k)}{\hu(j_\sigma - j_{\sigma-1})}\\ & \leq 1 + r(j_\sigma - i_k) = 1 + r(\gap(I,J)). \end{aligned} \end{equation} The case $j_\ell < i_k$ is similar. If $i_k = j_\ell$, we have (assume w.l.o.g. that $j_{\ell-1} \leq i_{k-1}$) \begin{equation} \begin{aligned} \hU(I \cup J) &= \hU(I' \cup J') \hu(i_k - i_{k-1}),\\ \hU(I) \hU(J) &= \hU(I') \hU(J') \hu(i_k - i_{k-1}) \hu(j_\ell - j_{\ell-1}), \end{aligned} \end{equation} from which we get \begin{equation} \frac{\hU(I \cup J)}{\hU(I) \hU(J)} \times \left(\frac{\hU(I' \cup J')}{\hU(I') \hU(J')} \right)^{-1} = \frac{1}{\hu(j_\ell - j_{\ell-1})} \leq 1 + r(0) = 1 + r(\gap(I,J)), \end{equation} and~\eqref{eq:UBhatU} is proved. \end{proof} \end{step} \begin{step}{Step~3} Recall~\eqref{eq:rwt.first.mom}. From Lemma~\ref{lem:bdd.ann.pf.crit} below, we have \begin{equation}\label{eq:def.s} s := \sup_{n \geq 1} \bar Z^a_{n,\gb,h_c^a(\gb)} = \sum_{I \subseteq \bbN, |I| < \infty} z^{|I|} U_{h_c^a(\gb)}(I) \hU(I) \leq 2, \end{equation} which allows us to define a probability measure on $\{I\in\cP(\bbN)\colon |I|<\infty\}$, which we denote by $ \bbP$. Namely, \begin{equation}\label{eq:def.doubleP} \bbP(\{I\}) = s^{-1} z^{|I|} U_{h_c^a(\gb)}(I) \hU(I) \qquad \text{for all $I \subseteq \bbN$ s.t. } |I| < \infty. \end{equation} \begin{step}{Upper bound on the second moment} Using~\eqref{eq:rwt.sec.mom}, \eqref{eq:UBhatU}, \eqref{eq:def.s}, and~\eqref{eq:def.doubleP} we may write \begin{equation}\label{eq:UB.sec.mom} \begin{aligned} \sup_{n \geq 1} \hE(\bar Z_{n,\gb,h_c^a(\gb)}^2) &\leq 4 \bbE^{\otimes 2} \left(\prod_{1 \leq m \leq g(I,J)} (1 + r(\gD_m)) \right)\\ &\leq 4 \bbE^{\otimes 2} \left(e^{\sum_{1 \leq m \leq g(I,J)} r(\gD_m)} \right)\\ &= 4 \bbE^{\otimes 2} \left(e^{\sum_{i \geq 0} r(i) \#\{m \geq 1 \colon \gD_m = i\}} \right), \end{aligned} \end{equation} where the gaps $(\gD_m)_{1 \leq m \leq g(I,J)}$ are associated to two sets $I$ and $J$ drawn in\-depend\-ently from $\bbP$. \end{step} \end{step} \begin{step}{Step 4} This is an intermediate step to control the right-hand side of~\eqref{eq:UB.sec.mom}. If the sets $\{m \geq 1 \colon \gD_m = i\}$ therein were all replaced by $\{m \geq 1 \colon \gD_m = 0\}$, it would be enough to control the following quantity: \begin{equation}\label{eq:def.cZ} \cZ := \bbE \left(C^{\#\{


text:
The first version of this mud brick Friday mosque, begun in 1962, took the form of a rectangular hypostyle prayer hall with the projecting mihrab as the only secondary volume. In subsequent repairs a central dome was added and four corner towers built. Each tower is an individual sculpture with banded tapering walls becoming gradually more elaborate toward its pinnacle. Crenellations of half circles decorate the parapets and rounded cones mark the corners. Mud brick structures require cyclical maintenance, alterations and repairs. For the Yaama mosque this activity was from the beginning an act of religious devotion in which the entire community participates, and so it continues to be. Everyone contributes to the caretaking of the mosque in proportion to his or her ability to do so. Some make mud bricks; others carry them to the building site. Women carry water for brick and mortar production while others cut and gather wood. The jury commended the manifest will to use traditional techniques in a creative manner, to experiment with them and to achieve results that induce a new awareness of their possibilities.
AKAA 1986 Resources
Other 1986 Cycle Recipients
© 2007 The Aga Khan Development Network. This is the only authorised Website of the Aga Khan Development Network.


text:
The elementary buildings consist of three elementary wings. The back side of each elementary wing has a brick ledge that extends from the slab to just under the windows.
The front side of each elementary wing where students enter the classroom is covered by a 6 foot roof which keeps the sidewalk area dry during rainy weather.
The back side of each wing has no roof or awning to protect the area where the brick ledge meets the windows. Over the past 60 plus years, water has found its way into the wood walls behind the brick ledge on the back side of each elementary wing. Termite damage can occur in any wood structure, but the back side of each elementary wing has sustained termite damage over the past 60 years. Insulation is non-existent in the walls. Windows are 1950's single pane glass. These push-out windows have no rubber strip between the window and window frame to keep air flow from either exiting the classroom or entering the classroom. Windows are a large portion of the exterior walls in the three elementary wings. Existing wiring capacities have reached their limits, and fuses are blown during hot weather when the window unit air conditioners in each room are in use. The fuse box (not breaker box) is located by the band hall and contains 450 amp and 100 amp fuses. Plumbers from Brownwood have been called twice in 2011 to repair/replace existing sewer lines that have failed. Perhaps pictures can allow individuals better insight into our existing elementary school facility.


text:
A farmer connects a pipe of internal diameter 20 cm form a canal into a cylindrical tank in her field, which is 10 m in diameter and 2 m deep. If water flows through the pipe at the rate of 3 km/h, in how much time will the tank be filled?
Consider an area of cross-section of pipe as shown in the figure.
Radius (r1) of circular end of pipe = 20/200 = 0.1 m
Area of cross-section = 'pixxr_1^2 = pixx(0.1)^2 = 0.01pi m^2'
Speed of water = 3 km/h = 3000/60 = 50 meter/min
Volume of water that flows in 1 minute from pipe = 50 × 0.01 π = 0.5π m3
Volume of water that flows in t minutes from pipe = t × 0.5π m3
Radius (r2) of circular end of cylindrical tank = 10/2 = 5m
Depth (h2) of cylindrical tank = 2 m
Let the tank be filled completely in t minutes.
Volume of water filled in tank in t minutes is equal to the volume of water flowed in t minutes from the pipe.
Volume of water that flows in t minutes from pipe = Volume of water in tank
t × 0.5π = π ×(r2)2 ×h2
t × 0.5 = 52 ×2
t = 100
Therefore, the cylindrical tank will be filled in 100 minutes.
Video Tutorials For All Subjects
- Conversion of Solid from One Shape to Another


text:
Alison Black, Professor of User-centred Design, shared a platform with leading designers and creative thinkers at the 2012 London Design Festival, explaining the importance of simplicity when developing products and services. Charing the event, which took place at the V&A Museum, was Philip Davies of Siegel+Gale. Other panel members were Merlin Crossingham, creative director of Wallace and Gromit at Aardman Animations; Stephen Fear, British Library entrepreneur-in-residence; and Charlie Allen, bespoke London tailor.
The panel shared their perspectives on the fundamental significance of implementing simplicity to connect to the modern consumer. They also provided their views on a wide range of topics, including how to embrace simplicity while avoiding the simplistic. Another interesting discussion centered around the idea that people have different perceptions and interpretations of simplicity.
"Brands that provide simpler interactions and experiences are winning the battle to stand out in the competitive marketplace," said Philip Davies. "Simplicity is a powerful tool that helps brands get into consumers' heads faster, and stay there for longer. As the UK continues to struggle in economic uncertainty, those brands that offer experiences that are clear, direct and easily communicated will generate strong customer loyalty and forge ahead."
The lively debate played out on Twitter. Highlights from both #SimplicityTalks and the live event will be curated, together with opinions, images and ideas from select influencers who are renowned for simplicity in their fields, to create a book that will showcase the profound impact of simplicity.


Spectrophobia: Difference between revisions
how is this distinct?
(how is this distinct?)
'''Spectrophobia''' (derived from [[Latin]]: ''spectrum'', n. specio, an appearance, form, image of a thing; an apparition, spectre) or '''catoptrophobia''' (from Greek κάτοπτρον ''kátoptron'', "mirror") is a kind of [[specific phobia]] involving an abnormal and persistent fear of [[mirror]]s, and an anxiety about seeing one's own face reflected in them.{{cite book |last1=Ferenczi |first1=Sandor |title=Further Contributions to the Theory and Technique of Psycho-Analysis |date=1994 |publisher=Karnac Books |isbn=9781855750869 |url=_URL_ |accessdate=28 August 2019 |language=en}} It is sometimes related to the fear of [[ghosts]] or the undead.{{cn|date=August 2019}}
This phobia is distinct from eisoptrophobia,{{how?|date=August 2019}} which is the [[Fear processing in the brain|fear]] of one's own reflection.
Sufferers of spectrophobia can fear the breaking of a mirror bringing extreme bad luck.{{cn|date=August 2019}} They can fear the thought of something frightening jumping out of the mirror or seeing something disturbing inside of it next to their own reflection when looking directly at it.{{cn|date=August 2019}} Others fear that it is a link to the preternatural world or a gateway into another world, and may fear being pulled into the mirror by some preternatural force.{{cn|date=August 2019}} Some also fear their own reflection in the darkness, as it can appear distorted in strange ways or their reflection may frighten them.{{cn|date=August 2019}}


explore
Explore is a table pager, just like less but for table structured data.
Signature
> explore --head --index --reverse --peek
Parameters
 - --head {boolean}: turn off column headers
 - --index: show row indexes (by default it's not showed)
 - --reverse: start from the last row
 - --peek: returns a last used value, so it can be used in next pipelines
Get Started
ls | explore -i
explore-ls-png
So the main point of explore is :table (Which you see on the above screenshot).
You can interact with it via <Left>, <Right>, <Up>, <Down> arrow keys.
You can inspect a underlying values by entering into cursor mode. You can press either <i> or <Enter> to do so. Then using arrow keys you can choose a necessary cell. And you'll be able to see it's underlying structure.
You can obtain more information about the various aspects of it by :help.
Commands
explore has a list of built in commands you can use. Commands are run through pressing <:> and then a command name.
To find out the comprehensive list of commands you can type :help.
Config
You can configure many things (including styles and colors), via config. You can find an example configuration in default-config.nuopen in new window.
Examples
Peeking a value
$nu | explore --peek
explore-peek-gif
:try command
There's an interactive environment which you can use to navigate through data using nu.
explore-try-gif
Keeping the chosen value by $nu
Remember you can combine it with --peek.
explore-try-nu-gif


text:
Ancient DNA reveals an early African origin of cattle in the Americas
Cattle may seem like uniquely American animals, steeped in the lore of cowboys, cattle drives and sprawling ranches.
In a study funded in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation and published in Scientific Reports, researchers at the University of Florida analyzed ancient DNA from Spanish settlements in the Caribbean and Mexico. Their results indicate cattle were imported from Africa as far back as the early 1600s, more than 100 years before their arrival was officially documented.
Records kept by Portuguese and Spanish colonists reference breeds from Spain but make no mention of transporting cattle from Africa. But researchers have reason to suspect historical records were incomplete.
"The earliest ranchers in Mexico were nearly all of African ancestry," said lead author Nicolas Delsol of the Florida Museum of Natural History. "We know that people like the Fulani in West Africa formed herder societies in which they lived in what could be described as a symbiosis with cattle. Both these lines of evidence made us think there was a strong possibility that the Spanish brought cattle from the same region as the people they enslaved."
Previous genetic studies seem to support this idea. DNA from modern American cattle reveals hybridization with breeds from Africa and Asia. Without archaeological data, however, it's not possible to pinpoint exactly when these events took place.
The only way to know for sure, Delsol said, was to sequence ancient DNA from cows and bulls preserved during the colonial era. Delsol gathered 21 bones from several archaeological sites. After extracting DNA from bone material, he compared their genetic sequences with those of modern breeds around the world. As expected, most of the sequences shared a strong relationship with cattle from Europe, but a tooth found in Mexico City stood out from the rest.
Buried in the tooth's mitochondria was a short sequence virtually unknown from anywhere other than Africa. The cow it came from likely lived in the late 1600s, pushing back the introduction of African cattle by more than a century.
"This research illustrates the increasingly important role that DNA analysis has come to play in archaeological research," said John Yellen, director of NSF's Archaeology Program.


text:
trans-2,3-diethyloxirane (or trans-3,4-epoxyhexane)
Work Step by Step
Since its a three-atom ring with one of them being O, it is an oxirane. There are two ethyl groups at carbon 2 and 3 respectively, so it 2,3-diethyl. And since they are trans to each other, it is trans-2,3-diethyloxirane. 3,4-epoxyhexane is also right because the oxygen is connected to the longest chain at carbon 3 and 4.


text:
This recipe allows you to filter a report for follow-up tickets. It can be used to include or exclude those tickets.
Skill level: Intermediate
Time: 15-30 minutes
This recipe requires two custom metrics and a numeric range filter.
Step 1: Create Ticket Creation Events metric
Use the recipe from this article: Insights recipe: Ticket creation events. Make it a global metric, so you can use it in any report.
Step 2: Create Follow-Up Tickets metric
Open the metric editor and create this metric:
- SELECT IFNULL((SELECT(SELECT Ticket Creation Events WHERE Ticket Update Via=Closed Ticket) BY Ticket Id ALL OTHER WITHOUT PF), 0)
Please note: You can't copy and paste in the metric editor. The color-coded items need to be selected from the Elements pick-list on the right:
- Ticket Creation Events is the metric from Step 1. It will be under Metrics
- Ticket Update Via and Ticket Id are under Attributes
- Closed Ticket is under Attribute Values > Ticket Update Via
- When you select "Attribute Values," it will show you the Attributes list. That's normal. Select "Ticket Update Via" to see all available values, then add "Closed Ticket."
Make this a global metric as well, so you can add it to any report.
The "BY Ticket Id ALL OTHER WITHOUT PF" portion means this metric will only consider Ticket IDs; it will ignore all other report and dashboard filters. (The PF stands for Parent Filter.) The underlying Ticket Creation Events metric is only looking at one specific ticket update. On its own, it may not accurately filter a report on other ticket updates. This "ALL OTHER" portion means the metric always applies to the ticket as a whole. It makes the metric more effective as a filter, but less useful to display under WHAT.
Step 3: Add a Numeric Range Filter
You do not need to display these metrics in the report under WHAT. You just need to create and save them, so they'll be available for a filter.
Create a report based on ticket data, then add a Numeric Range Filter:
- For the Attribute, choose Ticket Id
- For the Metric, choose the Follow-Up Tickets metric from Step 2
- For the Range, you have two options:
- "Is equal to 0" means you will only see tickets that are NOT follow-up tickets
- "Is equal to 1" means you will only see tickets that ARE follow-up tickets
Finding other types of tickets
This recipe is designed to find follow-up tickets specifically. You can easily modify the recipe to find other types of tickets instead.
For example, to find tickets from different channels, pick different values for Ticket Update Via. To find tickets created by agents, add a condition for the Updater Role.
You can get into a lot of detail with the conditions in this metric. As long as the overall metric follows this template, it should behave the same way in filters.


text:
Paper/Electrostatic/Pollen Cabin Air Filters are similar to the filters called upon to protect your engine's air intake from dust and other debris. The thin paper elements in these filters are electro-statically charged in order to improve their ability to repel foreign particles, and they do a great job of keeping pollen, dirt, insects and small animals from clogging up your climate control system and distributing allergens through your air vents. Paper cabin air filters are so effective that they can block particles as small as 0.22 microns.
There is one area where these types of paper filters fall a bit short, and that is when they are forced to deal with atmospheric pollutants like carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide. These gases can become quite concentrated on stretches of road that see bumper-to-bumper traffic, and in some cases the level of CO2 inside a vehicle can be three times as high as the environmental level, due to the concentrating effects of the passenger compartment ventilation system and the lack of protection afforded by a paper filter.
Activated Charcoal Cabin Air Filters are considerably more expensive than their standard paper equivalents, in some cases costing three times as much. Are they really worth the additional expense? The answer to that question would seem to depend largely on your own driving habits. If most of your time behind the wheel is spent in rural areas, or moving briskly down the highway, then the additional cost of an activated charcoal air filter is probably not worth paying. If you find yourself regularly slogging through rush hour traffic in your Tundra, however, then the additional air cleaning capabilities of activated charcoal might be a wise investment.


text:
Frank Broz, Illah Nourbakhsh, Reid Simmons
In order to interact successfully in social situations, a robot must be able to observe others' actions and base its own behavior on its beliefs about their intentions. Many interactions take place in dynamic environments, and the outcomes of people's or the robot's actions may be time-dependent. In this paper, such interactions are modeled as a POMDP with a time index as part of the state, resulting in a fully Markov model with a potentially very large state space. The complexity of finding even an approximate solution often limits POMDP's practical applicability for large problems. This difficulty is addressed through the development of an algorithm for aggregating states in POMDPs with a time-indexed state space. States that represent the same physical configuration of the environment at different times are chosen to be combined using reward-based metrics, preserving the structure of the original model while producing a smaller model that is faster to solve. We demonstrate that solving the aggregated model produces a policy with performance comparable to the policy from the original model. The example domains used are a simulated elevator-riding task and a simulated driving task based on data collected from human drivers.
Subjects: 1.11 Planning; 3.6 Temporal Reasoning
Submitted: Apr 15, 2008


text:
A statement asserting that evidence or an accusation is false: this proposal prompted a strong counterstatement
More example sentences
- He said this was in the light of the official search report on the application, and maintained the case set out in his counterstatement.
- The lawyer appended a counterstatement by Collins himself.
- Moreover, there was no basis for him to exercise discretion to allow the statutory declarations to stand in place of the counterstatements in the proceedings.


text:
Gas turbine air intake filter media request higher efficiency due to working environment and conditions,so nano superfine fiber is necessary during production to increase filter media performance.
This filter media is applied to the air intake filter of gas turbine. It will filtrate the dust and impurities when air goes through media to enter in compression room. Its filtration function keeps clean air to be supplied, which assures that gas turbine generator maintains safe and smooth operation. If the filtration precision is not high, the dirt will pass and stick on compressor blades, accordingly, washing times is increased to clear blades. Thus the generator set will consume more energy but output less electricity. Besides, the dust particles easily cause blockage at air intake and come into collision with compressor blades, which will seriously affect the performance and safety of generator set, shorten its lifetime. Therefore, high quality filter media is especially important to apply in the gas turbine air filters.


Guidance on the meaning and impact of Pensions Legislation changes
Aries adds value by providing concise, technically accurate and easily accessible guidance for pensions providers, administrators and advisers.
Beyond the base-level information, Aries provides insight into the meaning and impact of pensions regulation. Difficult legislative provisions are properly expounded and set in context, so that you can grasp their significance and effectively interpret them for your company's pension operation.
No other provider delivers the breadth and depth of the Aries offer. Here is a practical example, your need-to-know guide on
Recent Determinations from the Pensions Ombudsman


USU Conference Systems, International Conference on Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases (ICTROMI) 2017
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Effectiveness Differences of Ranitidine and Omeprazole in Prevention of Stress Ulcer and Its Effect on Pneumonia Occurrence and Outcome of Acute Stroke Patients
Chairil Amin Batubara, Kiking Ritarwan, Aldy Safruddin Rambe
Last modified: 2017-10-27
Abstract
Stress ulcer is one of acute stroke complications. Giving ranitidine or omeprazole may prevent stress ulcer, but may increase the occurrence of pneumonia, thus it will affect the outcome of acute stroke patients. This study aimed to determine the differences in the effectiveness of ranitidine and omeprazole in the prevention of stress ulcer and its influence on the occurrence of pneumonia and outcome of acute stroke patients. The method was experimental with randomized control-group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were divided into 2 groups, and each group consist of 16 patients. The first group was given ranitidine 300 mg and the second group was given omeprazole 20 mg. Â Patients were observed if stress ulcer and/or pneumonia occurred during hospitalization. Outcome was measured by the national institutes of health stroke scale (NIHSS) and modified rankin scale (mRS). From 32 subjects obtained, stress ulcer was found only in 1 (3.1%) patient who received ranitidine, while pneumonia was found in 3 (3.1%) patients who received ranitidine and 2 (6.2%) patients who received omeprazole, but the differences were not significant between the two groups (p = 0.31 and p = 0.54). There was no significant effect and difference effect on the administration of both medications to the outcome based on the NIHSS and mRS at day 14. These results indicate that ranitidine and omeprazole have equal effectiveness in the prevention of stress ulcer and also have equal effect on the occurrence of pneumonia, and both have no effect on the outcome of acute stroke patients.


text:
Saturday ties 2003 temperature for second-hottest day
Saturday's high temperature was among the hottest Austin has ever endured as the city rang in the 72nd day of triple-digit heat this year.
Temperatures soared past the 100-degree threshold at Camp Mabry shortly after noon, hitting a record of 110 degrees by 4 p.m. The previous record for that date was in 1990, when it was 106 degrees.
The 110-degree heat is the second-hottest temperature Austin has ever seen, now for a second time, according to the National Weather Service. Temperatures also hit 110 in August 2003 , said Pat McDonald , a meteorologist with the weather service.
The hottest day on record was in September 2000 with 112-degree heat, McDonald said.
On Wednesday, Camp Mabry broke an 86-year-old record of 69 triple-digit days. With a projected high of 109 on tap today, a heat advisory is in effect until tonight , and ozone, a component of smog that can cause health problems, could climb to unhealthy levels.
The Texas Commission on Environmental Quality and the Clean Air Force of Central Texas, a nonprofit organization that coordinates air quality planning, issued a Level Orange warning Saturday, meaning ozone levels are considered unhealthy for sensitive groups.
Though the general public is unlikely to be affected, "active children and adults as well as people with respiratory diseases, such as asthma, should reduce prolonged or heavy exertion outdoors," the Clean Air Force's website advises.
Orange is the third-most severe level of six on the air quality index scale developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, shy of the "unhealthy" Red, meaning everyone may experience health effects and sensitive groups are prone to more serious health problems.
The weather service is urging residents to help reduce air pollution emissions by minimizing vehicle trips, carpooling, taking the bus and waiting until after 6 p.m. to buy gas, mow the lawn or run errands.
McDonald said Austin's air quality should improve by Tuesday, when the projected high temperature then and Wednesday is only 101 degrees.
"Only down to 101 degrees," he said. "Isn't that strange to say?"


text:
Science in Christian Perspective
THE THERMODYNAMICAL TRIPLE POINT. Implications for the Trinity
Michael J. Bozack
Surface Science Center
Department of Chemistry
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, PA 15260
From: PSCF 39 (March 1987): 39-41.
There has been little progress in the doctrine of the trinity since the Athanasian Creed and the Westminster Confession of Faith. A large number of parallel concepts have been suggested, but the use of the thermodynamical triple point as an analogy to the trinity has not been previously discussed. In this study we show that the thermodynamical triple point possesses a number of elements in common with the trinity. The triple point contains (1) a singular nature shared by three coequal but distinct subsistences, (2) economical, and (3) ontological properties. It also preserves the distinction between the classical trinity and the (4) tritheistic and (5) trimodal formulations. These rigorous requirements have been difficult to satisfy in previous analogies. The triple point provides an epistemic counterpart for our thinking about the trinity and allows for development of new perspectives.
The triple point is defined as the point where the solid,
liquid, and gaseous forms of a substance coexist in equilibrium. The concept is anticipated by the Gibbs phase rule,
according to which the largest number of phases P which can
coexist in a thermodynamical system plus the number of
degrees of freedom F equals the sum of the components C of
the system, plus 2. In algebraic terms:
P - F = C - 2
The phases P are the states of matter that make up the system, usually solid, liquid, and gas. Each phase is homogeneous and contains bounding surfaces which allow for mechanical separation (at least in principle). The degrees of freedom F refer to the number of independently variable parameters that completely specify the thermodynamic state of the system. Such parameters are normally temperature, pressure, and composition. The components C are the lowest number of substances of independently variable composition which compose the system. In a solution such as salt water, possessing stable compounds, the number of components is two (NaCl and H2O). In a metallic alloy, it is usually sufficient to count the elements involved. Most pure substances possess a three-phase equilibrium point.
Application of the phase rule to a substance results in a phase diagram showing the possible phases available to the substance at varying pressures, temperatures, and compositions. The simplest phase diagram is that for a one-component system whose composition is fixed at 100% of the material under consideration. The remaining degrees of freedom (temperature and pressure) are customarily plotted on a two-dimensional graph with appropriate regions representing solid, liquid, and gas. A common example is water, whose phase diagram is reproduced in Figure 1. Equilibrium between two phases occurs along the mutual boundary of the phase regions, and equilibrium among all three phases occurs at the intersection of the regions. This intersection is the triple point.
For the case of water, which as a fixed composition, C = 1, and the maximum number of phases P of water that can coexist in equilibrium is three: ice, water, and steam. By Gibbs' phase rule:P + F = C + 2
The phase rule governs a system in equilibrium, meaning that the thermodynamic system possesses properties that are independent of time. At the triple point, equilibrium requires that rigorous control of pressure, temperature, and composition results in maintenance of the triple point indefinitely. The equilibrium is dynamic, with transitions occurring continuously between the coexisting phases, but in a way such that no apparent change is evident with the naked eye. This means that, at the triple point, boiling and condensing, melting and freezing, and subliming and freezing of gas are all going on simultaneously. For the case of water, the necessary pressure (0.006 atm.) is below I atmosphere and must be prepared in a special experimental setup.
Finally, it is noteworthy that the triple point is not equivalent to the mere existence of three forms of matter, but rather defines a unique relationship between the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases. Mere existence of three phases of matter is trimodal and therefore unsuitable for analogy to the trinity.
By analogy we mean the extension of patterns of relationship drawn from one area of experience to coordinate other
types of experience. This requires the establishment of a
number of characteristics held in common by the objects of
comparison. It is possible to identify at least seven important
areas of comparison between the triple point and the trinity.
1. Both the triple point and tke trinity possess a singular nature witk three coequal but distinct subsistences.
The triple point and the trinity both have a singular essence and possess three subsistences which have real distinctions among them. For example, the three states of water at the triple point are conjoined by a common molecular structure, yet ice, steam, and water are quite different from one another macroscopically. The difference is manifested by the distinctive physical properties held by the states of matter, such as density, compressibility, electrical conductivity, et cetera. Because the coexisting phases at the triple point possess a distinctive set of physical properties, the union of one into three occurs without loss of identity of the phases. By comparison, the trinity is also a single essence containing three subsistences which are able to merge without loss of identity. There is an infusion of three-into-one in both models, the satisfaction of which constitutes a minimum requirement for establishment of an effective analogy to the trinity.
Fig. 1. Phase Diagram For Water.
The phase diagram of water, showing the possi
ble phases available to H20 at varying temperatures and
pressures. Coexistence of two phases occurs along the lines
marked S-L, L-G, and S-G, while coexistence of three phases
exists at the intersection of the regions, defined as the triple
point. Since the triple point of water occurs below atmospheric pressure, it must be put under vacuum to observe.
2. Both the triple point and the trinity are equilibrium
Equilibrium is that condition in a thermodynamic reaction beyond which no net change occurs in the concentration of any substance. It defines a state in which the properties of the system are independent of time. Dynamic equilibrium occurs when equilibrium is maintained by equal rates of forward and reverse reactions, as opposed to equilibrium maintained by the absence of reaction. In the case of the triple point, the equilibrium is dynamic. Transitions are continually occurring among the phases, and no net change in the relative amounts of liquid, solid, and gas are measurable. The existence of an equilibrium state is analogous to the immutability of the Godhead, meaning that the nature and attributes of the Godhead are invariant with respect to essence. The triple point is also invariant, since a given substance is composed of a distinct elemental composition and, by definition, an equilibrium state is independent of time.
The Godhead is sustained by a self-contained mutuality of relations, and no one person of the trinity is or can be without the others. There is a coequal sharing of the singular divine essence without intrinsic subordination of any person. The undivided essence belongs equally to each of the persons and each possesses all the substance and all the attributes of deity. The same could be said for the triple point phases, as no state of matter is more fundamental than another, nor is water any less itself because it exists in three coincident forms.


text:
'Indian traders made British curious about Africa'
Panaji, June 25 (IANS) Did Indian traders prove to be catalysts in Britain's colonisation of Africa? Yes, says the author of a book on sea trade between India and Africa.
Blanche Rocha D'Souza, an Indian-origin writer born in Kenya, says the thriving link between traders from western India and eastern Africa may have made the British curious about what was once called the Dark Continent.
"The British were already in India. It was only when they saw Indian traders doing thriving business in east Africa, especially Zanzibar, that they decided to see what Africa was really about. Slowly, the process of colonising the continent began," D'Souza told IANS.
She was here to read from her book, "Harnessing the Trade Winds - The Story of the Centuries-Old Trade with East Africa, Using the Monsoon Winds", published by Zand Graphics. The book traces the business between India and Africa, which goes back thousands of years, much before European colonisers began ruling the seas.
"The trade is as old as it can get. It dates back to 3,000 years before Christ. This is how rich and culturally significant the trade between India and Africa is," D'Souza said.
She said she collected data from books sourced from the libraries in Kenya, Mumbai and Zanzibar. D'Souza, a former teacher of English and a librarian, has lived in Kenya and Karachi and has her ancestral roots in Goa.
She said the cotton grown by farmers in Mohenjo-Daro during the Indus Valley Civilization was one of the goods Indian traders took with them to Africa.
"Hundreds of years before Christ, cotton was grown only in one place in the world - Mohenjo-Daro. That was what the Indian traders from what we know as the Gujarat region now used to send to the east Africa port of Zanzibar, which was then a trading hub," she said.
Indian cotton, planted on the fertile plains of the Nile river, was later known as long staple cotton and considered one of the world's finest.
In exchange for cotton, the traders brought back animal skins, rhino horns and tusks.
"After cotton, the trade of spices began," she said.
Indians, according to D'Souza, even named some of the rivers which run through Africa.
"The Mara river, which flows through the Masai Mara game range, was named by Indian travellers," she said.
She said she wrote the book after she, as a librarian, realised that the Arab and European sources of information downplayed the importance of Indian trade in the Indian Ocean.
"In all my research, I found that Arab and European sources of information downplayed the importance of Indian trade in the Indian Ocean which goes back at least 3,000 years before Christ," she said.
"My book attempts to rekindle in the Indian diaspora a justifiable pride in the achievements of its forebears in east Africa, and indeed other parts of the world. In east Africa, they promoted the development of agriculture and industry and the globalisation of trade stemming from their trading activities," D'Souza said.
(Mayabhushan Nagvenkar can be contacted at _EMAIL_)
Read More: Kenya | Mumbai Indians | Indian Press | Christ Nagar | Timbdi Arab | Kandla Free Trade Zone | Bandra(east) | Santacruz(east) | Vileeparle (east) | Matri Indian Antartic Station | Mangali Arab | Indian Institute Of Technology | Indian Research Po | Indus | Mara Nadir Kuthi | Indian Nation | Charak Mara | Indian School Of Mines | Indian Rail | Central Institute of Indian Language
Ranbir Kapoor stays away from social-networking sites
May 25, 2013 at 9:37 AM
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May 24, 2013 at 10:49 PM
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Ramblings from a Bihari!
Just another WordPress.com weblog
interesting fact about identityHashCode() method in java.lang.System Class
The following four lines of code is provides such outputs which confused me about the identityHashCode() method of System class. System.identityHashCode() method is supposed to give the default hashcode value irrespective of whether you have overridden hascode in your class. And as we know that default implementation maps the internal memory address to an integer value.
1 String s = new String(new char[]{'j', 'a','v','a'});
2 String s1 = new String(new char[]{'a', 'b','c','d'});
3 System.out.println(System.identityHashCode(s));
4 System.out.println(System.identityHashCode(s1));
When I created a String instance by executing line 1 it would have got some memory location allocated to it. Lets say that is "x". Then I created another instance s1 with passing some other different array to the String constructor. So s1 would have also got some memory location allocated for it. Lets say that is "y".
Now when I print the identity hash code by executing the line number 3 and 4 every time I run the program it gives me the same two integer values. And the order of values depends on the execution of line number 3 and 4 but not on 1 and 2 where actual allocation of memory happened. Thats strange for me :(
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July 31, 2008 - Posted by | techie stuff
8 Comments »
 1. It's strange for me also.
 I was playing with your piece of code when I realized that if I debug the values changes.
 Somehow I got that:
 ————–
 String str1 = new String("abcd");
 String str2 = new String("efgh");
 try {
 long time = (long) (Math.random() * 10000.0) ;
 System.out.println("Sleeping: " + time);
 Thread.sleep(time);
 } catch (InterruptedException e) {
 /**/
 }
 System.out.println(System.identityHashCode(str1));
 System.out.println(System.identityHashCode(str2));
 }
 ———
 So it seems to me that the identityHashCode is related to the elapsed time since the jvm is started and the hash is computed.
 Comment by Oni | July 31, 2008 | Reply
 2. hi oni
 But javadoc of identityHashCode() suggests that it is the default implementation of hashcode which is essentially the Object's implementation of hashcode. That implementation is just the integer mapping of memory location and not at all related to the time jvm has been active.
 Comment by deepakjha | July 31, 2008 | Reply
 3. Hi,
 well, as far as I understand, it's calling a native method:
 public static native int identityHashCode(Object x);
 But, I suppose the same as you, is calling the Object.hashCode().
 I've not checked the impelentation of Object.hasCode(). A quick "google" give me this, somehow interesting, result:
 _URL_
 Btw, I'm running on a linux 32 bits 1.6 JVM.
 Did the same as me happened to you? does the value change because of time?
 Comment by Oni | July 31, 2008 | Reply
 4. No oni for me the values didn't change. It was coming the same for consecutive runs of your code sample.
 Comment by deepakjha | August 1, 2008 | Reply
 5. For me the output is:
 _PHONE_
 _PHONE_
 Comment by Dave | October 8, 2008 | Reply
 6. Think about it — it's a memory address. Assume the JVM is a deterministic finite state machine. Each run should go through the same internal states. So each run should be assigning the same memory locations. Now if another program is also running on that JVM and the timing relationships are flexible (as would be the case for some debuggers or multi-threaded applications), then the addresses would change with the changes to the allocation order of the objects.
 Comment by Jeslie | December 5, 2008 | Reply
 7. If lines 1-4 are indeed your entire program, then my guess is that the jvm is inlining the instantiation of the Strings (from line 1-2) into lines 3-4, which is the only place they are used. That would explain why reordering lines 3-4 has the only effect on your output.
 In general be wary of making assumptions about why something is happening based on the order of statements in your source code – barring synchronization, the jvm has wide latitude to reorder and optimize the bytecode at runtime.
 Comment by Scott Bale | September 8, 2009 | Reply
 8. Dear friends,
 Here is a piece of code that more generally aims to produce a clash in which two dissimilar objects (obj1 != obj2) produce the same hashCode() result. It is interesting that on my system only 1756 instantiations are needed before a clash is found (if the hash code algorithm can be modeled by a random distribution, this is a special instance of the birthday paradox I suppose).
 import java.util.Hashtable;
 import java.util.Map;
 public class HashcodeTest{
 static class DummyObject extends Object { }
 public static void reportClash(DummyObject obj1, DummyObject obj2) {
 System.out.println("obj1.hashCode() = " + obj1.hashCode());
 System.out.println("obj2.hashCode() = " + obj2.hashCode());
 System.out.println("(obj1 == obj2) = " + (obj1 == obj2) + " (!)");
 }
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 Map map = new Hashtable();
 for (int count = 1; true; count++) {
 DummyObject obj = new DummyObject();
 if (map.containsKey(obj.hashCode())) {
 System.out.println(
 "Clash found after instantiating " + count + " objects.");
 reportClash(map.get(obj.hashCode()), obj);
 System.exit(0);
 }
 map.put(obj.hashCode(), obj);
 }
 }
 }
 For me that exemplifies that hashCode() even by all practical means is useless to serve as an object identity.
 Cheers,
 Frank
 Comment by Frank | March 6, 2011 | Reply
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text: The extent of migration of residual magma during final solidification of a cumulate rock is difficult to determine, although various models and hypotheses have been proposed. In this article it is argued that the immiscible sulphide liquid accumulated syngenetically at the level of the Merensky Reef in the Bushveld Complex, and that the sulphide can be used as a tracer to study the migration of residual magma. The sulphide liquid would have had a very high density and low viscosity relative to silicate magma, and so should readily have permeated through its footwall if the latter was still a crystal mush with significant interstitial melt. This study of the chemical composition of the footwall rocks below the Merensky Reef shows that the sulphide liquid was only able to penetrate downward for distances of 1-2 m. It is suggested that if a high-density, low-viscosity sulphide liquid permeated only 1-2 m into its footwall, silicate liquid would have been even more restricted in its migration. The implication is that the footwall to the Merensky Reef had a low permeability by the time that the sulphide liquid in the Merensky Reef formed. Consequently, the concept of widespread, pervasive metasomatism by residual silicate magma is questioned, at least for the Bushveld Complex. In other, smaller intrusions in which crystal accumulation is more rapid, yielding a higher interstitial component, this argument may not be applicable. This study reports on one, thin sequence of rocks, and other studies at other levels in the intrusion would be desirable. The limitation is that an identifiable tracer (in this case a sulphide liquid) is required, which unequivocally monitors the process.


text:
The First Conditional
The first conditional is one of four types of hypothetical sentence in English, and it is probably the most commonly used. In which situations can we use it and why?
When to use the first conditional
The first conditional is used to express the future consequence of a realistic possibility now or in the future. For example,
If I miss the train, I'll take the next one.
There is a 50% chance that the first part of this sentence (the action following 'if') will happen. And if it happens, the second part is 100% certain.
Creating the First Conditional
To make a sentence in the first conditional, we use,
If + present simple, will/won't + verb.
If I pass this exam, I'll celebrate.
If I pass this exam, I won't have to do it again.
Like all conditionals we can also invert this structure:
Will + verb if + present simple.
I'll celebrate if I pass this exam.
I won't have to do this exam again if I pass it.
As an alternative to will, It's possible to complete the second part of a first conditional sentence with a modal verb or an imperative. For example,
If it rains, we can't play tennis.
If it rains, we must postpone our game.
If it rains, wear your waterproof clothing.
The important thing to remember with the first conditional is that we can never use will near if. Will can only come in the other part of the sentence. For example,
We'll be pleased if the client accepts our offer.
We'll be pleased if the client will accept our offer.
Here are some other examples of the first conditional:
If you practice frequently, you'll learn quickly.
If we don't win today, we'll be out of the competition.
Your teacher can help if you don't understand something.
Call me if you're late.
If she does well in this interview, she'll get the job.
If you're hungry, help yourself to whatever you want.
We won't miss the plane if we hurry.
Our boss will be really pleased if we get this contract.
As you can see, the first conditional is used in many different situations, both in and out of the workplace. So it's undoubtedly a structure that's worth learning and practicing. Start now by doing this fun quiz.


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802_11_spec
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802_11_spec [2006/11/19 16:12]
802_11_spec [2006/11/19 16:12] (current)
Line 1: Line 1:
 +====== 802.11 specifications ======
 +
 +> Consider that you may have a card putting 15dBm (32mW) into a 2.2dBi antenna (on the AP), and thatyour card probably has an effective 2dBi gain antenna on it. Operating at 2.4GHz, at 1m, thereis 41dB of path loss between the two units. At 2m, you'll have another 6dB of path loss, for 47dB.So the signal leaves at 17dBm (from the AP), you lose 41dB due to LOS (Line of Sight) path lossat 1m, and the signal arrives at the antenna in your laptop at perhaps -24dBm, and is raisedto -22dBm by the antenna.This is quite close to the maximum signal level of 802.11g.
 +
 +The IEEE standards state for 802.11b:
 +
 +> 18.4.8.2 Receiver maximum input level\\
 +> The receiver shall provide a maximum FER of 8×10–2 at a PSDU length of 1024 octets for a maximuminput level of –10 dBm measured at the antenna. This FER shall be speciﬁed for 11 Mbit/s CCKmodulation.
 +
 +and for 802.11g:
 +> 19.1.2 Operational modes.\\
 +> [...]
 +> The changes to the base standard required to implement the ERP are summarized as follows:
 +> a) ERP-DSSS/CCK\\
 +> 1) The PHY uses the capabilities of Clause 18 with the following exceptions:\\
 +> iii) The maximum input signal level (see 18.4.8.2) is –20 dBm.
 +> b) ERP-OFDM
 +> 1) The PHY uses the capabilities of Clause 17 with the following exceptions:
 +> iv) The maximum input signal level (see 17.3.10.4) is -20 dBm.\\
 +> Remember that, as above, your signal level is likely as high as -22dBm, as seen by the 'other'receiver.
 +> Perhaps your AP puts up more than 15dBm transmit power. In any case, you're too close.
 +> "quarter power" is likely down 6 dBm, and this probably allows the power level reaching theother receiver to be low enough that it doesn't saturate the front end, even with the attenuationpad(s) used.

802_11_spec.txt · Last modified: 2006/11/19 16:12 (external edit)


Assalamu Alaikum. I just want to know is there anywhere in the Quran where it clearly says that,men were given more physical strength when compared to women. if yes please explain it detailly. And if men were given more physical strength then please answer what is given more to women than men quranically?
 - These are two questions you should stick on one question per post and the second question seems unclear to me. – Medi1Saif Sep 2 '18 at 20:16
 - Relevant post Are men above women in Islam – Medi1Saif Sep 4 '18 at 9:26
 - It would be helpful if a short answer is provided to this. 😊 especially to the first part of my question. _USER_ – Mohmed Shahid Sep 4 '18 at 11:58
The short answer is no there's no verse saying that women are given less physical strength than men.
In fact there's no verse that says men have been given something more than women nor vice versa. Both have been given duties and responsibilities and both have been reminded of their duties and responsibilities towards the other when there's something which might apply to one gender exclusively. For example when the Qur'an speaks about given birth Allah reminds the father that it is his duty to feed and cloth etc.
The long answer is that in most general purposes men and women are equal both have their duties and both are ordered to worship and do good deeds, but in some details they might differ.
And anywhere Allah has given what seems more rights to (or exceeded) men he also demanded additional duties. Men are asked to be in charge of the women they are asked to spend their wealth for them, to cloth and feed them and to work for being able to be in charge of their families.
Men are in charge of women by [right of] what Allah has given one over the other and what they spend [for maintenance] from their wealth.... (4:34)
Allah has lifted this duty and other duties from the women.
Side notes on this verse
 - Some scholars added in the context of this verseother reasons for the supposed accentuation on men like prophet hood etc..
 - Others pointed at the fact that the statement is general and doesn't necessarily exclude the existence of women who may excel men at some deeds or acts etc. So this verse may apply for a majority of women, but there are indeed women who are stronger than some men and who would be able to do whatever men are able to do.
 - Some scholars considered not being able to be in charge of the family for a husband as a reason for his wife to nullify the marriage!
And what ever each of them does for the other is a graciousness none of both should deny.
... And do not forget graciousness between you. Indeed Allah, of whatever you do, is Seeing. (2:237)
That's why Allah also says:
... And due to the wives is similar to what is expected of them, according to what is reasonable. But the men have a degree over them [in responsibility and authority].... (2:228)
While in most other verses of the Qur'an we are faced to verses addressing both genders equally like in:
 - And it is He who produced you from one soul and [gave you] a place of dwelling and of storage. We have detailed the signs for a people who understand. (6:98)
saying both genders have one origin, so they have basically same conditions!
saying both genders and humans in general have been preferred over all other creations.
saying by default everybody -in particular both gendersis equal by Allah the only measurement that makes a distinction is the righteousness (taqwa).
saying that all humans (male and female) are created to worship Allah!
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