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What is the Difference Between De facto Relationship & Marriage?
By 28 September 2018De Facto Law, General
Brisbane Family Lawyers
Relationships in contemporary Australian society are marked by changes to our social dynamics, such as the ever increasing population and growth of our multicultural and inclusive society.
Yet there are only two formal types of relationships in the eyes of the Australian legal system: a de facto relationship or a marriage.
Save for the obvious differences, and of course differences in cultural practices, there is one significant difference between the two.
The Marriage Act 1961 defines "marriage" as being 'the union of two people to the exclusion of all others, voluntarily entered into for life'. Key to this definition are the terms "union", "exclusion of all others", and "voluntarily entered into for life".
Whilst there is no firm definition of "de facto relationship", a de facto relationship can exist between two persons providing they are:
 1. not married to each other;
 2. are not related; and
 3. are living on a genuine domestic basis.
The Family Law Act 1975 identifies a number of circumstances from which a de facto relationship may arise, which include:
 - the duration of the relationship;
 - the nature and extent of the parties' common residence;
 - whether a sexual relationship exists;
 - the degree of financial dependence or interdependence;
 - whether the parties' own, use or have acquired property jointly;
 - the degree of the parties' mutual commitment to a shared life;
 - whether the parties' relationship has been registered under a prescribed law of a State or Territory;
 - the parties' care and support of children; and
 - the reputation and public aspects of the relationship.
Indeed, when you look at the circumstances that may give rise to a de facto relationship it is easy to see that they will more likely than not exist in a marriage. A combination of any of the above circumstances can be found in almost every intimate relationship, it is the constitution of the relationship that differences.
Arguably, there is no intrinsic difference between the two. Relationships are comprised of some overarching key factors, namely love and affection, commitment and support.
However, when you consider the definitions of the two types of relationships, there are some significant differences which point to one fundamental principal. When two people get married they are entering into a formal contract known as the consortium vitae, otherwise known as the "marital relationship".
When you break the process of getting married down, you can see a number of key elements that provide for a legally valid and binding marital relationship. This elements include:
 1. a formal legal ceremony, conducted by a person who is ordained to conduct the ceremony and validate the marriage;
 2. a verbal commitment provided by both of the parties to each other (also known as "vows");
 3. a document that is signed by both parties at the conclusion of the ceremony signifying the "contract"; and
 4. the registration of the marriage in the State or Territory in which the ceremony occurred.
Of course, all marriage ceremonies are different. But they all include the above key elements which provide for the marriage to be valid and legally binding. In other words, providing the above elements are present, the marital relationship becomes binding and effective on the day of the ceremony.
For all intents and purposes, the process of getting married (however hectic and stressful, and even expensive the planning may be) gives rise to a legally binding contract.
But, this contract is not like any normal contract. This contract is founded on the basis that two parties are making a commitment to one another, for life, and to the exclusion of anyone else. Indeed, the exclusivity of a marriage is integral, particularly in circumstances where a de facto relationship may consist of a party who is married but separated.
The type of relationship you and your partner wish to have is a deeply personal decision and is founded on love, affection, commitment and support. There is no requirement to get married. Marriage can simply be identified as the ultimate step of unification between two people who are committed to one another and wish to be committed to one another for life.
If you need family law assistance or legal advice following separation, whether from a de facto relationship or following the breakdown of your marriage, then please contact one of expert family law lawyers Toowoomba.


Dioscorides Omphacomel
Dioscorides held primacy in the botanical world for almost 1500 years. In the 16th century, that began to change. In among the religious upheavals, political strife, and innumerable changes of the age of exploration, science and technology also began to emerge as topics in their own right. With this the world of botany and medicine also began to change. As a result, books based on Dioscorides became outdated and fewer. Many of the new books continued to feature recipe for mead and related drinks just as Dioscorides did.
Today's recipe is for omphacomel, a mead made with unripe grape juice – or verjuice.
Making Verjuice c. 1375 is from the Taquinum Sanitatis at the Bibliothèque nationale de France (Latin 9333)
1516 Baptista/Barolo Book V Omphacomeli DCCCLXIII
Omphacomeli sie condunt: uvis districtis semi acerbic nee dum mutantibus colorem in sole triduano habitis: mox expressis ad tres partes succi una optimi & despumati mellis addita. Huic insole cadis inveterato vis comprimendi refrigerandique est. Ideo laborantibus stomach alvinisque laudatur, usus anniculo non ante.
TRANSLATION (Laura Angotti): Omphacomel is thus laid up. Sharp and somewhat sour grapes not yet changed in color, held three days in the sun. Then express the juice, and to 3 parts of juice add 1 of good and scummed honey. This is placed in the sun in casks established to prevent compromise and which is cool. It is good for those who suffer from stomach flux, use it after a year, not before.
The 1:3 ratio of honey:juice is fairly high, and probably helps to offset the acid and sourness of unripe grapes (although verjuice is characterized as less acid than vinegar). The 1 year aging period is one seen before in Dioscorides, but is probably helpful for flavors to meld. It also might reflect a slow fermentation due to high acidity.
I have not made this recipe. The relatively high price of verjuice makes it drop down the list of priorities. Perhaps I can find a way to access some unripe grapes and make my own verjuice.


local_to_world_coordinates
compas.geometry.local_to_world_coordinates(frame, xyz)[source]
Convert local coordinates to global coordinates.
Parameters
Returns
list[[float, float, float]] – The coordinates of the given points in the local coordinate system.
Examples
>>> from compas.geometry import Point, Frame
>>> f = Frame([0, 1, 0], [3, 4, 1], [1, 5, 9])
>>> xyz = [Point(3.726, 4.088, 1.550)]
>>> Point(*local_to_world_coordinates(f, xyz)[0])
Point(2.000, 3.000, 5.000)


text:
Swimmers in an Olympic-sized pool could be surrounded by up to 50 gallons of urine, a new study has revealed. Scientists tested for an artificial sweetener called acesulfame potassium, which is consistently present in urine, making it easy to monitor pool levels. In the tests, they found that a 91,500 gallon pool contained 5.8 gallons of urine and a 183,000 gallon pool, a third the size of an Olympic pool, was filled with around 17 gallons. Although Olympic swimmers have admitted to urinating in pools regularly (along with the 19% of adults who say they've done it at least once), it is generally not an accepted practice. Despite urine itself being sterile, compounds can react with disinfectants such as chlorine -- causing them to become volatile and lead to eye and respiratory irritation.
Content Goes Here

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
During the servicing of loans, your company may find it necessary to add additional charges to customer accounts. This article covers the logging of a charge on an individual account. This article will not cover automatic late fees, recurring charges, or change due date charges.
To log a charge on an account, navigate to Loan Manager > select the loan in question > Charges.
- Paid: Designates whether or not a charge has been fully paid on an account. In the event you see a check mark, the charge has been paid in full.
- Title: This represents the given title of the charge.
- Charge Date: The date the charge was recorded.
- Amount: The amount of the applied charge.
- Charge Type: Designates the type that was selected for the charge itself.
- Application: This designates the application of the charge. The two options are "Standard" and "Payoff Only".
- Status: This designates whether the report has been reversed, or is currently active.
By selecting the "Log Charge" icon, you will be greeted with the following screen:
You can enter the following data for a new charge:
- Amount – The amount that will be charged (required).
- Application Date – This is the date the charge will apply on the account (required).
- Type – The type of charge (required). The list of charge types can be customized at Settings > Loan > Charges > Types in your company account.
- Info – This is a field where you can enter any additional charge info.
- Application – This selection determines when the charge will come due. The options are:
- Standard – The charge will come due on the Application Date (or on the first day of the payment period it falls into depending on your Fees Paid By setting on the account)
- Payoff – The charge must be paid in order to pay off the loan, but won't be due before then.
Once you have entered the charge information, click the "Save Charge" icon to save the charge.
To generate a list of charges from a specific loan account select either the Create PDF or CSV Export icon located next to the Log Charge button.
When selecting the Create PDF icon it will take all charges currently applied on the loan account and place them into a downloadable file can be viewed inside of Adobe Acrobat Reader.
Export to CSV
When selecting the green excel icon it will format a downloadable file in the CSV format. Simply download the file, and access it with the spreadsheet program of your choice. Once the file has been opened you can further manipulate or view the data.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


The tooltip of the Mint says
0,007 mintEffect
But what does that mean?
Per Brilliand's answer in this question, Mints give a certain amount of furs and ivory per tick in exchange for a cost in gold and catpower.
The reason it doesn't just say "x.xx furs per second" or something like that is because the amount of furs and ivory gained is based on your maximum catpower, rather than being a particular amount. Thus, you get a certain amount of "mintEffect" which then translates through your maximum catpower and becomes ivory and furs. The linked question includes the exact amounts (and the points that mints become a more effective use of catpower than manual hunting, although you'll likely still be best served doing both).
Your Answer


text:
words like "facile" and "facility".
- ¡Español es fácil! – "Spanish is easy!"
- No hay soluciones fáciles – "There aren't easy answers"
12. Difícil (Difficult)
It's not difícil to guess what this word means – it's "difficult":
- ¡Español no es difícil! – "Spanish isn't difficult"
- Es difícil dar otro ejemplo – "It's difficult to give another example"
Remember that accent: unlike the English word "difficult", the stress in difícil falls on the second syllable, not the first.
13. Joven (Young)
Joven means "young". In the plural form, you need to add an accent on the o:
- Ella es muy joven – "She's very young"
- Ellos son muy jóvenes – "They're very young"
14. Viejo (Old)
Viejo means "old". Use it for people or things:
- Soy un hombre viejo – "I'm an old man"
- Tengo que comprar un nuevo ordenador; el mío es demasiado viejo. – "I have to buy a new computer; mine is too old"
Viejo can subtly change its meaning depending on whether it goes before or after the noun:
- un viejo amigo – "an old friend" (you've known each other for a long time)
- un amigo viejo – "an old friend" (he or she is advanced in age)
15. Nuevo (New)
Nuevo means new. Like viejo, its meaning changes subtly depending on the word order. When it goes after the noun, it means "new" in the sense of "brand new" – it's just been made. When it's before the noun, it means "new" in the sense of "newly acquired":
- Ella compró un nuevo carro – "She bought a new car" (The car may be used, but it's newly in her possession)
- El carro nuevo tiene aire acondicionado – "The new car has air-conditioning (The car is brand new)
16. Alto (High/Tall)
Alto means "high" or "tall":
- Un edificio alto – "A tall building"
- Una tasa alta – "A high rate"
- Es un hombre alto – "He's a tall man"
- Subir una montaña alta – "To climb a high mountain"
Bonus fact: alto is written on stop signs in Mexico and most other Spanish-speaking countries in Central America. It comes from the German word halt, which means "stop" (or "halt", obviously!) in English.
17. Bajo (Low)
- Los Países Bajos – "The Low Countries (i.e. the Netherlands)"
- Tocar las notas bajas – "To play the low notes"
It also means "short", in the sense of someone's height:
- Bruno Mars es muy bajo – "Bruno Mars is very short"
18. Corto (Short)
Corto is the more general word for "short". While bajo is used when talking about height, corto is used for distances.
- Un viaje corto – "A short trip "
- Una historia corta – "A short story"
19. Largo (Long)
Watch out – this word is a false cognate. It doesn't mean "large", it means "long"! It can be used for lengths of measurement, time or distance:
- Ese es un cuchillo largo – "That is a long knife"
- La reunión fue demasiado larga – "The meeting was too long"
- La Carretera Transcanadiense es una de las autopistas más largas del mundo – "The Trans-Canada Highway is one of the longest highways in the world"
20. Aburrido (Bored/Boring)
I hope you're not aburrido with this list. This adjective means bored – or it can mean boring, depending on whether you use ser or estar.
- Juan es una persona muy aburrida – "Juan is a very boring person"
- Estoy muy aburrido – "I'm very bored"
21. Vivo (alive)
Vivo can mean "alive" or "living":
- El rey está vivo – "The king is alive"
- Ella es la persona viva más vieja del mundo – "She is the oldest living person in the world"
Use the term en vivo to refer to a TV programme being broadcast "live".
22. Muerto (Dead)
Muerto means "dead":
- Zed está muerto, chica – "Zed's dead, baby"
Notice that I didn't write Zed es muerto. This adjective uses estar, not ser. Estar is supposed to be used for temporary states, but if you ask me, being dead is pretty permanent! I'm afraid that this is just one of those exceptions to the ser/estar rule that you'll have to learn. A good way to remember it is to note that both vivo and muerto use the same verb – and vivo (alive) is definitely a temporary state, so it uses estar. Meaning muerto does too.
23. Listo (Ready/Smart)
Listo is another example of an adjective that changes its meaning when you use ser vs estar. With estar, it means ready:
- Estoy listo para firmar el contrato – "I'm ready to sign the contract"
But with ser, it means "smart":
- Ella es muy lista – "She's very smart!"
24. Inteligente (Intelligent)
If you're inteligente, you can figure out that this word means "intelligent". It's an alternative to listo.
- Eres la persona más inteligente que he conocido – "You're the smartest person I've ever met"
25. Pobre (poor)
Pobre means "poor". When it's after the noun, it means "financially poor". When it's before the noun, it means unfortunate or disadvantaged, such as in the English sentence "you poor thing!":
- Bolivia es un país pobre – "Bolivia is a poor country"
- ¡Deja de asustar a este pobre niño! – "Stop scaring this poor child!"
26. Rico (Rich)
- Bill Gates es muy rico – "Bill Gates is very rich"
You can also use it to describe food:
- ¡Que rica es esta comida! – "This food is so rich/tasty/great!"
27. Común (Common)
Can you guess what this común word means? That's right: "common". It can also mean "shared".
- Es una enfermedad común – "It's a common illness"
- Tenemos una responsabilidad común – "We have a common/shared responsibility"
In the plural form, drop the accent from the "u":
- Tenemos valores comunes – "We have shared/common values"
28. Raro (Rare)
This word means what you'd guess it means: "rare". It can also mean "strange" or "weird".
- En raras ocasiones – "On rare occasions"
- Es raro conducir por la izquierda – "It's weird to drive on the left"
29. Útil (Useful)
This word has some útil-ity – it means "useful":
- Es una herramienta útil – "It's a useful tool"
- Esta opción es útil – "This option is useful"
30. Guapo (Beautiful)
An important word if you want to flirt! This adjective means "beautiful" or "good-looking", and can be applied to men or women.
- Podría ser muy guapo si quisiera – "He/she could be very beautiful if he/she wanted"
- ¡Qué guapa estás! – "You're so beautiful!"
31. Feo (Ugly)
The opposite of guapo, this word means "ugly".
- Él es feo – "He's ugly"
- Cinderella tiene dos hermanastras feas – "Cinderella has two ugly step-sisters"
32. Feliz (Happy)
Feliz is related to the English word (and girl's name) "Felicity".
- Tú me haces feliz – "You make me happy"
- Los animales no parecen felices – "The animals don't look happy"
33. Triste (Sad)
- Cuando estoy triste, lloro – "When I'm sad, I cry"
- Estaba pensando de cosas tristes – "I was thinking about sad things."
34. Pesado (Heavy)
Pesado means "heavy". If you're talking about weight, it's more common to use the verb pesar, "to weigh":
- El piano pesa mucho – "The piano weighs a lot"
- El piano es pesado – "The piano is heavy" (not wrong, but uncommon)
You can also describe a person as pesado. This means the person is boring, gloomy, or annoying. Think of Marvin the Paranoid Android from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy:
- Marvin es pesado – "Marvin is gloomy/a downer."
35. Tranquilo (Calm)
Are you in a tranquil situation? This word means calm or quiet:
- Estaba tranquilo en la casa – "It was quiet in the house"
Tranquilo can also be used as an interjection. It's like saying "


Brain, Gut & Immune Supplements and Education Tailored to Support Your Best Brain and Belly Health
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Hello Health®'s nutritional supplements are for all children and their parents and carers who want to be able to find natural, holistic wellness solutions and innovative support, without fear.
Most of all, we believe all people have a right to a happy, healthy life.
Hello Health®'s holistic nutrition approach and doctor-formulated formulations provide the essential vitamins, Omegas, and plant-based nutrients so that your family can reach their full potential.
How is hellohealth® different from other pediatric health products?
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hellohealth® is the ONLY natural pediatric health nutritional supplements that specifically supports immune, brain and gut health.
Scientific research and studies shows that 1) there is a brain-gut connection (what nutrients your child takes matters!) and 2) external and environmental factors can act as triggers.
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We invite you to read Our Story and Testimonials. hellohealth®'s innovative natural formulations take a holistic approach to your wellness with inspiration, which:
- Supports overall nutrition.
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I was worried that a discussion of hair gel would have a certain bias toward men, but my wife assures me that women are just as likely to use a leave-in hair product. I'm going to rely on that unstatistical assurance and roll right on.
We want to consider two tasks: putting hair gel in and taking it out. The first case is easier, so let's tackle that right away. You get some gel, smear it around on your hands, and then give yourself a head massage with those gelly hands. (Better smear it around your hands first, for quicker homogenous application.) So that's it, the gel gets on your hair, and all would be 'cut-and-dry' so to speak, except that your hands still have a bunch of gel on them. In fact, you can rub your hands on your hair for quite a while and you still won't get all the gel off … and that is genuinely interesting in a statistical physics context. In essence, you have established an equilibrium between the gel in your hair and the gel on your hands. OK, now wash your hands, and keep reading.
Let's imagine you arrive at work and decide you look a little too much like John Travolta astride Greased Lightnin' and not enough like a scientist. Time to get rid of some of that gel. We can think of a few ways to get the hair gel out of your hair. One is to take a shower. Another would be to stick your head in the sink under running water (but don't bump your head).
But you can get out that excess gel and avoid bumps and splashing by thinking statistically. Recall our observation about putting in hair gel: some of it stays on your hands, in an effective equilibrium with the gel in your hair. So you can use the principle underlying that observation to remove gel. Put your clean (maybe wet) hands in your hair and rub them around to establish an equilibrium. Some of the gel is on your hands. Wash it off and repeat til you transform yourself back to a respectable nerd.
For those of you in the business, the analogy to protein-ligand binding is obvious. Your hair is like a set of proteins and the gel represents ligands (ions, small molecules or other proteins). Maybe your hands are the proteins' environment. Allow ligands to interact with proteins and they will reach a binding equilibrium. But we can stretch the analogy a step further to invoke signaling in the cell. Say a burst of calcium ions is released in the cell in response to a biological signal and the ions bind to calcium-receptor proteins. We can imagine the signal can be reversed (the hair gel removed) if the unbound calcium concentration is reduced (you rub clean hands in your hair): the equilibrium between proteins and ions will re-adjust due to constant binding/unbinding events. Eventually, almost all the proteins will lose their calcium ions as the signal is removed – from John Travolta to nerd.
Lesson: Look for statistical physics in the world around you – it's better than texting while walking.
Further reading
Daniel M. Zuckerman, PhysicalLensOnTheCell.org


Rat Shooting Sport - Una nueva experiencia, un nuevo deporte. Tiro a la Rata.
© 2013 - RatShooting.com
 Exterminating common or sewer rats with fire arms as a leisure activity.
This is a new competitive sport that is a fusion of hunting an animal, which has a chance of survival, in a field, with the pertinent scoring provided by judges, together with the reflexes and calm required for competition target shooting, combined with stress relieving exercise, without forgetting about the health and environmental aspects
The main idea is to enjoy yourself in competition with others, without neglecting the aspect of controlling harmful rodents with a natural and effective method.
Individual or hunting in teams.
In the day-time version, the hunts are monitored by judges and they come to an end when all the rats have been eliminated from the field of action, or when they have got away through the holes made on the edge of the field for that purpose. If they do escape through the holes, they get into another area that is designed to catch and keep theme.
The judges count the animals shot and score the kills depending on the area of the field where they are shot. These zones are marked with the relevant scores before the hunt starts.
Important: There are different modalities for competitions between two teams, in a league, where there are sets of 5 hunts for each match. The winner is the team to win the best of the 5.
For individual tournaments, with everybody competing against everybody else, the winner of each match is the one that wins the best of three hunts and everybody carries their score forward until the end, when the final classification is decided on the number of hunts won and the number of animals killed.
The number of rats per hunt will depend on the organisation, championship or tournament.
Championships are played over a period of 6 months or more and tournaments can be one-day or weekend tournaments.
There is also a night-time version practised with infra-red goggles or under spot lights, using the same regulations as the day-time version.
Anybody with a firearms licence, or similar in the case of foreigners, may play.
The sport can be played as an individual or a team sport, depending on the rules governing each field.
For amateur or free hunters, both individuals and teams, the sets will be determined by the management of the field. The duration and price of the hunt will also vary, depending on the number of rats released into the field. The ideal number is 3 to 5 rats per player, all released at the same time.
I would like to call on everybody with a firearms licence, whether they have a gun or not, who takes part in other shooting sports or hunting to try this new exciting sport that has open season all year round at a very reasonable price.
The kind of gun of course, will depend on the legislation in force and the house rules of the shooting club or gallery, although several calibres can be used. The ammunition will be supplied by the shooting ground. Notice must be given of any special calibres. Comfortable clothing is recommendable.
The Management of the shooting grounds will require every participant or shooter to identify him/her self.
Held in an authorised and licensed shooting grounds, players may bring their own private guns, or they may hire a weapon from the club's armoury.
The hunting ground shall have a diameter of between 40 and 50 metres and marked with concentric rings worth different scores, like a target.
We are mainly interested in people with a communicative profile and team spirit who like extreme nature activities.
When you first come into this activity, you will be given a series of lectures/talks to ensure that the grounds operate properly.
An essential part of the training is to study the rat in depth to prevent any problems as this is team work.
The Staff of the grounds will work full time, but there may be free lance workers too, like the rat suppliers (trappers).
"Trappers": bearing in mind the large number of specimens required, this could be a well paid and interesting job for many people or companies. Trappers will be given a short training course to enable them to do their job.


text:
What Does Employment At Will Mean In Arizona?
Employment at Will in Arizona means that the employer is free to fire an employee at any time for any reason or for no reason at all. Similarly, the employee is free to quit at any time for any reason or for no reason at all. Although the default rule in Arizona is that all employment falls into the "At-Will" category, there are exceptions to the rule where the employer is not simply allowed to fire the employee without legal consequences. These exceptions fall primarily into the categories of illegal discrimination, illegal retaliation and when the termination would violate a written employment contract.
What Does Wrongful Termination Mean?
Wrongful termination is when someone has been terminated in a way that qualifies for one of the exceptions to the At-Will employment rule. Generally speaking, there are three times that a termination can be wrongful termination, also called illegal termination. What makes a termination illegal is if it violated statutes against discrimination, such as discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, disability status or age. The second category would be if the termination was in retaliation for something, usually it is something along the lines of reporting illegal activity or participating in some sort of investigation of the company. The third type of wrongful termination is if you have a contract for a specific period of time then you cannot be fired for just any reason — you can only be fired for the reasons that are specifically identified in your contract as reasons that firing would be allowed. Those types of contracts are commonly used for school teachers, who sign a contract for the entire school year. During the school year, they cannot really quit for any reason without legal repercussions, and similarly, the school cannot just fire them for whatever reason they want – they could only be fired if there was good cause for doing so, which would be outlined in the contract.
What Is A Constructive Discharge?
Constructive discharge is when the circumstances and conditions of the employment for the employee are so bad that any reasonable person would quit. In other words, if an employee is in a job situation that is so bad that any reasonable person would say that they cannot work in that environment anymore, then if you quit, the law will treat you the same as if you had been fired. This is significant because it can still qualify as a termination and therefore can also qualify as a wrongful termination, which would justify legal action even though you technically were never terminated.
Most commonly, constructive discharge will arise in situations where there is some sort of sexual harassment going on. The employer never fires the employee who is being harassed but the harassment is so bad that it would be unreasonable to expect the employee to stay in that position with that company. Therefore, they are allowed to quit and the law will still treat it as if they had been fired. However, it is not limited to sexual harassment situations. In any job situation where the working conditions are so difficult or unpleasant that a reasonable employee would feel compelled to resign, then even if the employee quits, they could still pursue a claim for wrongful termination.
However, it is important to note that under Arizona law, even when those unpleasant or difficult working conditions exist, the employee still has to take certain steps before quitting in order for the resignation to be considered a constructive discharge. These steps primarily involve giving notice to the employer about the unpleasant working conditions and giving the employer a chance to fix the situation.
What Is Retaliation?
Retaliation is when an employer takes adverse employment action against an employee to get back at her for something she did, something she said, or something she refused to do or say. Retaliation for having reported illegal activity or for participating in an investigation against the company are common forms of illegal retaliation, but it is important to understand that not every type of retaliation is illegal. In fact, most firings, if the employer gives a reason for it, could be considered retaliatory. For example, if an employee is habitually late to work and he receives multiple warnings but still doesn't fix the problem, then when he is eventually fired, it would be accurate to say he was fired in retaliation for his habitual tardiness. However, this type of retaliation is not illegal. In other words, it is not retaliation that is illegal — it is only illegal when the employer retaliates based on the employee's participation in a protected activity.
Put another way, the only time the retaliation is illegal is if there is a specific legal prohibition against it — that is, if the Arizona legislature or United States Congress has enacted a law making such retaliation illegal. For example, Arizona's Employment Protection Act provides is that if an employee is fired in retaliation for reporting or refusing to participate in activity that violates Arizona law, then that would be a wrongful termination. The Employment Protection Act also says that if an employee gets fired in retaliation for having made a worker's compensation claim for an on-the-job injury then that also qualifies as a wrongful termination.
There are many other statutes, both federal and state statutes, that make certain types of retaliation illegal, and these laws fall into many different kind of categories. For example, the Family and Medical Leave Act makes it illegal for an employer to retaliate against an employee for taking family or medical leave. As another example, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (the law which makes it illegal to discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion or sex) also contains provisions that make it illegal for an employer to retaliate against an employee who reports or otherwise opposes such discriminatory practices.
In short, retaliation is only illegal if it is specifically prohibited by law. For any employee who has been fired who feels like it might have been an illegal retaliation, a consultation with an attorney to find out if their specific situation qualifies as illegal retaliation would be warranted.


text:
The shaka sign -- a person's thumb and pinkie extended, the rest of the fingers in a fist -- is uniquely Hawaiian, a way to say "right on," "hang loose" or simply hello.
But it turns out it's not the only way islanders have used their hands to communicate.
A research group at the University of Hawaii at Manoa announced Friday that they had documented -- for the first time -- Hawaii Sign Language, or HSL, which deaf people across the islands' diverse ethnic groups have used for decades if not longer.
While there is written evidence dating back to 1821 indicating such a language existed, beginning in the 1940s it started to get largely phased out in favor of American Sign Language.
Researchers identified about 40 Hawaiians who still use it -- interviewing 19 of them, plus two adult children, on four islands for their study. But they are all 80 years of age or older, making it imperative to act now in order to preserve it before it's too late.
"Researchers are committed to a long term study of HSL with the goals of producing... a dictionary (and) archived videotaped data," said James Woodward, an Adjunct Professor of Linguistics at the University of Hawaii at Mano. "It is also hoped that an effort can be made to revitalize HSL, so that it can be taught in high schools and universities in Hawaii."
Hearing-impaired people have found ways to communicate for generations, all across the world.
That might mean tapping into a well-established language, like ASL or International Sign Language, or finding some other way to get a point across.
"If they don't have access to learning a sign language that's already in existence, then a community of deaf people will find a way to communicate," said Leanne Hinton, a professor emeritus at the University of California at Berkeley. "Over time, they will find a way to stabilize and have a structure that becomes an actual language."
That's what the Hawaii university researchers say happened -- even if few realized that a distinctive sign language existed for decades on the island until now.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Article: How to choose CBRN air filtration system for your shelter
Author: Andrey Shpak | LinkedIn >
Different NBC air filtration systems
WHAT IS NBC / CBRN AIR FILTRATION SYSTEM?
NBC air filtration systems are part of life-support systems which are usually installed in the shelters, bunkers or protected facilities. The systems designed to filter the incoming fresh air that may be contaminated with nuclear, biological and chemical particles and agents. Such systems are usually designed for a specific range of threats and depending on the filters installed and filtration system characteristics can provide efficient protection from threats it has been designed for. Such threats can be air contamination as a result of NBC attack in wartime or terror act, natural disasters, industrial accidents with release of toxic industrial chemicals (TIC) or radioactive materials, dust and more.

From my personal standpoint, NBC filtration systems can be divided by the following categories:
 - Systems for shelters and protective structures
 - Systems for mobile and deployable applications – vehicles and mobile platforms
 - Systems for deployable stationary applications – tents and field camps

Each category have subcategories and the systems in each category significantly differ one from another in specification like airflow, size, AC/DC power supply, shock resistance, resistance to vibrations, operational environment, pushing or pulling configurations and many more.

Definitions:
NBC / CBRN / CBR / ABC- common abbreviations of similar meaning: Nuclear/Atomic/Radiological, Chemical warfare, Biological threats). In this article we will use NBC for all the above.
TFA – Toxic Free Area
Overpressure - Positive differential pressure inside a protective space compared with the outside

WHY IS NBC FILTRATION SYSTEM NEEDED?
NBC air filtration systems are required for supplying fresh and filtered air for people and equipment which allows creating inside the shelter a toxic free area (TFA) and protect them from contaminated environment outside the shelter. The constant supply of fresh air allows to create replacement of air in closed space of the shelter and prevents creation of dangerous concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) which can be harmful to people. In case the shelter is airtight the NBC filtration system by introducing fresh air into the protected space creates overpressure inside the TFA area that is regulated by overpressure valves that usually is part of the complete air management system in NBC shelters. The overpressure insures that contaminated air will not enter inside through small openings in shelter perimeter and only filtered by NBC system air will enter the shelter.

THERE ARE SEVERAL TYPES OF SHELTERS:

 1. Simple covers / escape shelters designed for very short stay - usually not equipped with forced ventilation or air supply system
 2. Shelters for longer stay (not NBC) – usually equipped with ventilation / fresh air supply system
 3. NBC protected shelters – airtight and specially designed shelters equipped with NBC filtration system
 4. Shelters isolated from outside environment – airtight and specially designed shelters equipped with air regeneration systems (CO2 scrubbers, Oxygen supply equipment and overpressure maintenance systems and more).
In many cases, NBC shelters additionally to NBC filtration mode can be operated in isolation mode for some periods of time if equipped with isolating systems or with air regeneration systems.

HOW FILTRATION PROCESS IS WORKING IN DIFFERENT SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS
As mentioned above there are two main systems configurations depending on the application it is used in:
 - Pulling filtration system: such systems are commonly used in shelters and protective structures and the blower is "pulling" the air through the NBC filter.

Typical pulling system airflow configuration scheme: prefilter > NBC filter > blower > Release to TFA
Pulling configuration considered as a safer when the NBC filtration system is placed inside the TFA area. The blower pulling the air through the system creating under pressure inside the air duct of system and reduces the possibility of unfiltered contaminated air leakage before the filter. The main issue that need special attention is the possible radioactive contamination of the filter therefore it is recommended to place the filter in separate room (technical zone) separated by wall to reduce the radiation exposure.

 - Pushing system: commonly used in applications where the NBC filtration system is placed outside the TFA area like vehicles, containers, tents and some types of shelters.
Typical pushing system airflow configuration scheme: blower > prefilter > NBC filter > Release to TFA
Pushing configuration considered safer for vehicles or mobile applications where the NBC system influenced by vibration and other external forces and air leakage in the system will not cause contamination of the TFA area. An additional advantage in such configuration is that the filters placed outside of TFA and their replacement in most cases can be made from outside as well as system decontamination.

MAIN COMPONENTS OF NBC AIR FILTRATION SYSTEM

We will focus on the pulling systems that are mainly used in shelters and bunkers.

The main system components include:
 1. Blast valve/s – installed on the air inlets or integrated in ventilation duct and used to stop the blast wave entering trough the ventilation openings to the protected area and preventing blast wave destroying the filters and other system components.
 2. Prefilter – used for filtering coarse dust and larger particles to prevent them from entering the shelter and to prevent clogging of the HEPA filter inside the NBC filter.
 3. Air ducts – there are two definite air duct lines. The dirty line, which is the duct before the filter, which has contaminated air inside and must be built stronger and gastight. The clean line, which is the duct after the filter, which holds only clean air.
 4. Gastight Shutoff Valves (GSV) and airflow control valves
 5. NBC/CBRN filters – the filter can be radial, or flatbed type and typically built for two stages filtration:
 Mechanical filtration of biologic particles and aerosols is performed by high efficiency particulate filter (HEPA).
 Adsorption of gases and chemical components is performed by the activated carbon layer that is specially impregnated to comply with specific requirements and threat range.
 6. Electric blowers – the system has to include high pressure blower to be able to overcome the pressure drop of the complete system (NBC filter, valves, duct and other components)
 7. Overpressure valves – normally closed valves designed to release the pressure in the shelter over a specific value. The pressure created by combination of airtightness of the shelter and the air pushed by the NBC filtration system.
NBC Filtration systems components
HOW TO SELECT AN NBC FILTRATION SYSTEM FOR A SHELTER
These are the main questions we ask the customers prior offering the NBC filtration system:
 - Number of people?
 - Size of the TFA area?
 - Specific threats or standards the system needs to comply with?
 - Is manual backup required or generator is installed in the shelter?

There is no united civil defense standard accepted by all countries and the system is chosen based on accepted standards or local threat analysis, environment conditions (temperature range, humidity and more) as well as specific local demands.

Main considerations:
The volume of air required per one person: usually determined by different standards and presented in Cubic Meter Per Hour (CMH or m3/h) the values can be from 2 CMH per person and higher than 20 CMH. The most common is between 3-6 CMH for Civil Defense and and 17+ CMH for military/government facilities. Such a wide range can be explained based on the specific factors described above as well as shelter purpose and the activity of people sheltering inside. As an example we can compare the activity of people in command and control center which is much more intensive than the activity of people in civil defense shelter. As well command and control center may be equipped with various systems that may require large amount of air for proper function.
Air changes by the size of the shelter / TFA can be small or extremely large relative to the number of people sheltering inside. Besides the number of people in the shelter the size factor must be taken into consideration. When choosing the airflow of the NBC filtration system and based on the calculation of number of people vs size of the shelter we always take the higher between them. Typically we will consider 1-2 Air Changes per Hour (ACH) as a norm but will have to consider other factors that can influence this values.

National standards and specific regional threats - There are only a few countries around the world that has local civil defense standards that determines and regulates the shelters specifications and population protection requirements. Among such countries Finland, Switzerland, Israel, Singapore, Ukraine and more countries. Although most of the standards have a lot of similarities they were adapted to the unique local conditions and regional threats.

Of course, there is a long list of considerations that can be added, and each shelter project require a detailed professional evaluation of the existing and future unique technical, structural and general details.
MAINTENANCE FOR NBC FILTRATION SYSTEMS
Usually, life support systems are designed for long standby time and have to be completely operational in emergencies, even after years of storage. The parts in NBC filtration systems that are most vulnerable to long periods of storage are the NBC filters, EPDM / rubber seals and flexible duct.
It is important to follow the manufacturers maintenance schedule recommendations as well as local standards requirements that usually include visual and physical checks of the moving parts of all system components and weighting of the NBC filter for checking if they in allowed weight range. Filters that gained additional weight may have not been correctly stored, damaged or not hermetically sealed and the carbon absorbed too much moisture from the air. In some cases the filter can be dried or need to be replaced if gained moisture over allowed values.

GENERAL LIST OF THE MAIN EQUIPMENT USED IN SHELTER PROJECTS
 1. NBC air filtration and ventilation systems
 2. Blast valves for every air opening (if


text:
True vs. estimated richness for the 1208 halos in our sample. Richness refers to galaxies brighter than H∗(zp) + 1.5 and within r200 radius of each halo. Galaxies with a statistical photometric redshift accuracy σ0 = 0.03 are considered. Left: richness is estimated as Nestimated, where Pthr = 20% is considered. Right: richness is estimated as the sum of the membership probabilities. The mean logarithmic difference along with the rms dispersion around the mean are reported in the panels.
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.


text:
Pepys was educated at Trinity Hall and Magdalene College, Cambridge and began his career as a clerk in 1659. In 1660, he obtained a position with the Royal Navy and began to keep a diary which he would continue until 1669, when his eyesight began to fail. The Diary was in a form of cipher which was not decoded until 1825, the year of its first publication by the efforts of Lord Braybrooke and John Smith. The first complete edition was not published until 1893. In 1672, Pepys was appointed secretary to the Admiralty, but in 1679 was committed to the Tower of London for his supposed complicity in the Popish Plot. Released soon after, he went to Tangier in 1683 and wrote an interesting diary while there. He was reappointed to the Admiralty in 1684 and at one point was one of the most powerful men in England. Pepys also wrote Memoirs of the Navy: 1690, which was published in 1906, but it is his diary that remains a unique and insightful study.
Find Printed Copy
The Diary of Samuel Pepys
Note: An Asterisk (*) after an author's name signifies that this is a Pseudonym


text:
Pakistan's Daily Times has the scoop on China's newest museum;
China is building a giant underwater museum to preserve and exhibit an ancient shipwreck. The museum, the first of its kind in the world, is to contain a sunken ship more than 800 years old and its treasures.
Archaeologists say the ship is China's most exciting underwater excavation. Named the Southern Sea Number One, it lies under 24 metres of water and two metres of sand and soil.
Archaeologists took more than 6,000 treasures from one small room on the ship in 2002. The Guangdong provincial government has now allocated £10 million to building a five hall underwater museum to preserve the wreck.
Expert's say, "Since the ship and its treasures have become accustomed to being underwater, it's better to keep them there." Read More…
Interested in Underwater Museums? Take a look at Divester's post; "The World's Coolest Underwater Museums"


text:
A city for people
Planning Priority E3
Providing services and social infrastructure to meet people's changing needs
Planning Priority E4
Fostering healthy, creative, culturally rich and socially connected communities
Liveability is about people's quality of life. Maintaining and improving liveability requires housing, infrastructure and services that meet people's needs, and the provision of a range of housing types in the right locations with measures to improve affordability. This enables people to stay in their neighbourhoods and communities as they transition through life.
Improving liveability is about creating and renewing great places, neighbourhoods and centres. This requires place-based planning and design excellence that builds on local strengths and focuses on public places and open spaces.
The Eastern City District is a place of distinctive and lively centres, villages, neighbourhoods and suburbs that house diverse and culturally rich communities. This diversity is strongly valued by residents and a key to the dynamism and energy of the District's many great places.
As Greater Sydney's global gateway, the District offers residents many work, housing, health and education choices. The District's residents and visitors also enjoy access to plentiful cultural and creative assets and opportunities for participation in sporting, creative, cultural and artistic pursuits.
The Eastern City District is home to a range of places with lively street life and a night-time economy that contribute to the District's attractiveness as a place to live, work and visit. The Eastern City District will continue to be home to the highest proportion of people aged 25 to 64 in Greater Sydney, including the highest number of knowledge workers and tertiary educated workers in the region who add to the vibrancy and productivity of the District1.
As the District's 2016 population of more than 1 million people increases, it is also ageing. By 2036, the number of residents over 65 is expected to grow by 70 per cent. Single-person households are expected to remain the dominant household type, with the largest growth in this group projected to occur in Strathfield (75 per cent), Burwood (62 per cent) and Sydney (60 per cent) (refer to Planning Priority E6).
Together with overall population growth of around 325,000 (2016-2036), these demographic changes mean that an additional 157,500 homes will be required in the District by 2036. Many new homes will be in the Sydenham-Bankstown, Parramatta Road and Redfern to Eveleigh urban renewal corridors. New housing will also be concentrated in the Bayside West Precincts and The Bays.
Great places are walkable - this means they are designed, built and managed to encourage people of all ages and abilities to walk or cycle for leisure, transport or exercise. This requires fine grain urban form and land use mix at the heart of neighbourhoods. Places that demonstrate these characteristics promote healthy, active lifestyles and social interaction and can better support the arts, creativity, cultural expression and innovation.
The 30-minute city aspiration will guide decisionmaking on locations for new jobs and housing and the prioritisation of transport, health, schools and social infrastructure investments. This will facilitate the co-location of infrastructure in metropolitan and strategic centres and more direct and convenient public transport to these places, so that people can access services and jobs.
A place-based and collaborative approach is required to maintain and enhance the liveability of the Eastern City District. This can be achieved by the following Planning Priorities:
E3. Providing services and social infrastructure to meet people's changing needs
E4. Fostering healthy, creative, culturally rich and socially connected communities
E5. Providing housing supply, choice and affordability, with access to jobs, services and public transport
E6. Creating and renewing great places and local centres, and respecting the District's heritage


Do you need to create an AVI video containing the screen and audio activity on your computer? CamStudio is the ideal tool for creating demonstration videos.
Moreover, it can convert your video into SWFs (Streaming Flash Videos), which are suitable for Internet applications.
A few situations when CamStudio can be helpful are creating tutorials, providing data for technical support in case you are dealing with a problem, creating movies with techniques you have discovered on your favorite applications or producing video-based information products.
Besides simply recording the image on the screen and the sounds, CamStudio offers a few advanced options which make your work easier. Some of these features are: adding screen captions to your recordings, adding a picture-in-picture webcam movie of yourself, choosing custom cursors, choosing certain areas from the screen for recording, adjusting video quality and so on.
Effects you can add are system time stamps, Xnote time stamps, captions, and watermarks.
Because it has its own built-in lossless codec, CamStudio is able to produce high-quality results at a small file size.
Moreover, CamStudio is easy to use due to its intuitive interface. Its simple toolbar allows you to start or stop recording, to change the recording mode and to toggle the view. Audio options are easy to change, too; you can control the microphone, the speakers and the audio and video synchronization options.
CamStudio is an excellent solution for creating AVI or SWF movies using the image on the screen of your computer. This application lets you control almost every aspect of video creation without needing a large amount of system resources or advanced computer skills.
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IUCN threat status:
Not evaluated
Brief Summary
Read full entry
Brief Summary
Pneumocystis jirovecii (formerly known as Pneumocystis carinii) is a fungus found in the lungs of mammals where they reside without causing overt infection unless the host's immune system becomes compromised, at which time an often lethal pneumonia can develop. This fungus is found in humans and animals worldwide. Serologic evidence indicates that most healthy children have been exposed by age 3 to 4. Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) occurs in immunosuppressed individuals and in premature, malnourished infants.
(Centers for Disease Control Parasites and Health website)
© Shapiro, Leo
Source: EOL Rapid Response Team
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text:
|| Checking for direct PDF access through Ovid
During certain medical procedures, it is important to continuously measure the respiratory flow of a patient, as lack of proper ventilation can cause brain damage and ultimately death. The monitoring of the ventilatory condition of a patient is usually performed with the aid of flowmeters. However, water and other secretions present in the expired air can build up and ultimately block a traditional, restriction-based flowmeter; by using an orifice plate flowmeter, such blockages are minimized. This paper describes the design of an orifice plate flowmetering system including, especially, a description of the numerical and computational techniques adopted in order to simulate human respiratory and sinusoidal air flow across various possible designs for the orifice plate flowmeter device. Parallel computation and multigrid techniques were employed in order to reduce execution time. The simulated orifice plate was later built and tested under unsteady sinusoidal flows. Experimental tests show reasonable agreement with the numerical simulation, thereby reinforcing the general hypothesis that computational exploration of the design space is sufficiently accurate to allow designers of such systems to use this in preference to the more traditional, mechanical prototyping techniques.


What is a mobile security patrol?
The main function of mobile patrols is to mitigate the risk and the probability of robbery, damage, vandalism, and unlawful action on commercial premises. If you strive to protect your business, this type of security service is a highly effective solution. The support of a proficient and skillful team of mobile security professionals can be really advantageous in many ways, allowing you to gain peace of mind and be sure that your assets, facilities, and business property are monitored and regular checks are held to deter theft and illegal activity.
What are the types of security patrol?
Anyone who wants to prevent harmful incidents from happening can opt for mobile security patrol services and choose among the following categories of patrolling:
 - Foot patrol. The group of patrol officers investigates the territory by walking to assure the safety of your business/construction site/commercial building, keeping the surroundings crime-free by enforcing laws.
 - Vehicle security patrol. Efficient loss and crime prevention and enhancing the safety of specified locations are possible only by ensuring regular visits. Rapid response to emergency events at your facility can be conducted by a competent vehicle and mobile security patrol.
 - Use of CCTV systems. Using CCTV systems, it is possible to continuously monitor the situation and promptly react to abnormal activity.
 - Alarm systems. A monitored alarm system with the response of a mobile patrol officer is a sound strategy to get excellent security support.
 - Observation posts. A static group of guards is responsible for patrolling a particular area and providing early warning.
How much does a security patrol cost?
The costs of hiring a patrol that will maintain security depend on many factors. It can be an increased level of risk, location of the premises that must be inspected regularly, or reputation and expertise of the company. Generally, the average cost is approximately $40-50 an hour.
What does a mobile patrol officer do?
The main duties of experts are to monitor surveillance equipment, prevent losses, promote a safe environment, detect dangerous situations, and respond to emergencies. If you are in search of a solid way to keep your business safe, consider choosing the services of the mobile security team.


text:
Grains and field crops
1.To examine the responses of lupins to the application of molybdenum to an acidic, yellow sandy earth.
2. To compare the relative effectiveness of molybdenum as a seed-dressing to the conventional method of soil application.
3. To examine the effects of sodium molybdate as a seed-dressing on the effectiveness of rhizobium. 87Me94
Number of Pages
Agronomy and Crop Sciences | Soil Science
Riley, M M. (1987), Molybdenum on lupins. Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Western Australia, Perth. Report.


text: © 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbHSynthetic dyes have complex molecular structures and are stable molecules against oxidizing agents, sunlight, and microbial attack. Therefore, the treatment of dye-containing wastewater using appropriate techniques is of great importance. Difficulties in separation and recovery of an adsorbent from the solution limit the large-scale applications of the adsorption process. A magnetic separation technique can be adapted to the adsorption process to overcome these limitations. In this study, a natural mineral-based magnetic adsorbent is prepared by a co-precipitation method. Adsorption performance of magnetic montmorillonite (MagMt) is evaluated in both batch and continuous systems as a function of initial pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, ionic strength, flow rate, and bed depth. MagMt is characterized through infrared (IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and zeta potential measurement. Sorption yield of MagMt for Bismark Brown-Y (BB-Y) is found as maximum (98.60%) at pH 4 with 40 mg adsorbent. Fast sorption equilibrium is attained within 10 min and the sorption data follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum monolayer sorption capacity of MagMt is 138.70 mg g‒1.


text:
Preparation, proton conduction, and application in ammonia synthesis at atmospheric pressure of La0.9Ba0.1Ga1–xMgxO3–α
- 229 Downloads
La0.9Ba0.1Ga1–xMgxO3–α (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) was prepared by the microemulsion method. A single phase of LaGaO3 perovskite structure was formed when x was ≥0.15. Electrochemical hydrogen permeation (hydrogen pumping) proved that La0.9Ba0.1Ga1–xMgxO3–α had proton conduction, and the proton conduction was measured by AC impedance spectroscopy method from 400 to 800 °C in hydrogen atmospheres. Among these samples, La0.9Ba0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3–α has the highest proton conductivity with the values of 9.51 × 10−4 to 4.68 × 10−2 S cm−1 at 400–800 °C. Ammonia was synthesized from nitrogen and hydrogen at atmospheric pressure in an electrolytic cell using La0.9Ba0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3–α as electrolyte. The rate of NH3 formation was 1.89 × 10−9 mol s−1 cm−2 at 520 °C upon imposing a current of 1 mA through the cell.
KeywordsProton Conduction Electrolytic Cell Hydrogen Atmosphere Ammonia Synthesis Ammonia Formation
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20771079).
- 2.Feng M, Goodenough JB (1994) Eur J Solid State Inorg Chem 31:663Google Scholar
- 5.Zhu JL, Zhang F, Chen C et al (2007) Chin J Inorg Chem 23:1621Google Scholar
- 9.Brunckova H, Medvecky L, Mihalik J (2008) J Eur Ceram Soc 28:123. doi: _URL_ CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 11.Lemos FCD, Melo DMA, Silva da JEC (2005) Mater Res Bull 40:187. doi: _URL_ CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 19.Wang JD, Xie YH, Li RQ et al (2005) Mater Res Bull 40:1294. doi: _URL_ CrossRefGoogle Scholar


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Liquid Timer With White Sand 5 Minute Blue - 8 inch
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Newtons Gravity Glass is a sand-filled hourglass suspended in a liquid-filled glass cylinder. The Gravity glass is an awesome desk-topper and a question-generating educational tool. When the cylinder is flipped, the sand within the hourglass moves down while the hourglass itself floats up.
Newton's three laws of motion relate the forces acting on a body to its motion. The first is the law of inertia, it states that 'every object in motion will stay in motion until acted upon by an outside force'. The second is commonly stated as 'force equals mass times acceleration', or F = ma. The third and final law is commonly known as 'to every action there is an equal and opposite reaction'.
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Why residence event and not Address?
The discussion of how to enter addresses in GRAMPS pops up from time to time, especially with new users. Let's give some reasoning on why to use the residence event for genealogical research, and not address.
You find a definition of an address in Glossary, as well as for Place. So the address is for mailing, while the place is to indicate a point on a map. Mailing is in general not very useful for deceased people, the main focus of your research. So:
- What is an Address?
- The GRAMPS concept of an Address is a particular location with an associated time frame. Think of it as a mailing address. It is intended to represent where a person lived and when the person lived there.
- What is a Place?
- The GRAMPS concept of a Place is a particular location independent of time. Over time, the same Place may have different address information due to changing borders and political situation. For example, Leningrad and St. Petersburg represent the same place, but with different names. GRAMPS offers the alternate locations tab in the Place Editor, allowing to enter different address information of the place.
Apart from this, an event is important here: A defining moment in a person's life. Events can be coupled to places and are a central object in genealogy research, together with people, families and sources. They give a timeline on the life of a person, a timeline on which it is important to also indicate where a person lives.
Why residence events?
So, what are the advantages of residence events then? Well:
- You can attach a place to it. This place will then be the effective address, with possible alternate locations (see the place dialog) indicating how eg this place is called today as opposed to when the event happened.
- You can share that place between people and families. With addresses there is no way to check if an address is already in your database - unless you remember it. That makes it unlikely to discover that two people actually lived at the same address. You can also filter on place city, eg give me all residence events that are in a place with city Berlin.
- Hence, you can search places and see not just what happened in a certain city, but also who lived (resided) there. That's also not possible using the 'address' system. This is a timeline of a place with all events that happened there.
- On a timeline of a person you can see the event and infer details, eg a person marries before or after moving to a new house.
- Using a place for the address allows you to use this place for other events. Eg suppose Jim marries at home, then the Marriage event can be linked to the place indicating his home, just like the Residence event does.
- Just like the address field, events have full time control, so time spans and periods can be used and are recognized for reports.
- Individual attributes on residence event are handled on Gedcom export.
What is a disadvantage:
- For a change in streetname, the address changes but the position on the map is the same. GRAMPS allows you to store this information in an alternate location, but alternate location has no date span, so you cannot indicate during which time frame an address for a place was in use.
Note that some researchers on the mailing list have expressed they like to store address changes in notes connected to a place, instead of in the alternate location tab. This because in general notes are exported to GEDCOM correctly and understood in other programs you might want to use the information.
It is important to note that you could use the Location event also, or make a custom event with a naming that suits you more.
Try it out
There is no standard method of storing addresses in GRAMPS. Try out the two methods, and use what works for you.
Note the following:
- Address is not always well supported in other genealogy applications.
- Alternate location of place used in GRAMPS is not present in many other applications. You might consider recording this in notes instead.
- Events are supported by all programs you use, as is the default place location.


Ruins of the San Nicolas Hospital 3D Model
Dominican Republic 3D Models
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Ruins of the San Nicolas Hospital
If as a traveller you are one of those who appreciate the ruins of what used to be important buildings and are now historical spaces, we recommend visiting the ruins of the San Nicolás de Bari Hospital in the Colonial Zone of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
This building, located on Calle Hostos on the corner of Calle Luperón, was the first hospital and health center in the Americas.
Its construction began in 1503 by order of the governor Fray Nicolás de Ovando (_PHONE_). However, at the beginning the hospital was a small building made of wood and straw that housed a few sick people.
The construction of the hospital continued during the next years, using more durable materials such as stones and bricks. Construction was completed in 1552. By this date, the hospital was one of the large public buildings in Santo Domingo, serving an average of 50 to 60 people a day.
The San Nicolás de Bari Hospital had a mixture of Renaissance and Gothic architecture. This structure consisted of three naves. The central nave functioned as a chapel, while the two lateral naves housed the sick. Its design served as a model for other hospitals in the New World.
This hospital complex was a structure so solid that it resisted centuries of earthquakes and hurricanes. It was one of the buildings that survived the attacks of the English corsair Francis Drake in 1586.
During the 18th century, it served as a military hospital.
By the end of the 19th century, the hospital was closed due to economic problems and lack of supplies and personnel.
By the beginning of the 20th century, the building was in such a serious state that it was declared a risk to the community.
In 1976, the ruins were renovated to make them accessible to tourists who wanted to explore the arches and columns of the San Nicolás de Bari Hospital, a project spearheaded by the Commission of Historical Monuments of the Colonial City.
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Dinosaurs Pooped Rocks In Wyoming Study Finds
Apparently, there are some rocks that we can find in Wyoming because the dinosaurs that migrated here - pooped them out when they got here. Now, that is a finding I never expected to read.
Joshua Malone, is a geoscience researcher at the University of Texas at Austin. While visiting Wyoming she found some unusual rocks and began to wonder how they got here.
"We were walking around just doing some fieldwork in the Bighorn Basin," he said. "We started seeing these polished stones and we were like, 'those look pretty exotic compared to all the other rock around us.'" (Wyoming Public Media)
There are many living things that eat rocks to help with digestion. Though I often wonder how they figured out to do that. Those creatures, like birds and alligators, are called gastroliths. Researchers can identify these rocks because they are smooth and take a certain shape, and are found near the remains of the creature.
"We inferred that these were ingested in Wisconsin, or somewhere along this sluggish stream that was flowing from the east to the western United States during that time," he said. "We figured that once they were ingested, they were carried and eventually deposited out within the Morrison deposition."
Picture this, dinosaurs slowly moving to what would become the state of Wyoming, and eating as they go. They pick up rocks and eat them along the way, to help with digestion. Once they get to Wyoming they poop out the rocks. Some died here in Wyoming leaving the rocks behind in that way.
Well, now you now have another bizarre fact you and tell your friends and they can ask you where you learned that crap. You can answer - "NO, not crap. Rocks."


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Space Pirates and Zombies v1.000 cracked-THETA
P2P Group THETA again with the latest update of the game, Changelog is quite big so its worth an update if you already have the last one.Space Pirates and Zombies takes place far enough in the future that Earth has become a toxic backwater planet, so potentially not that far in the future. The galaxy has been colonized by humans, and the only means to travel to new star systems is through highly restricted and well defended warp gates. It is well known that systems closer to the galactic core become richer and richer as well as more scientifically advanced. This has led to theories of a secret system with a cache of treasure or knowledge at the galactic core feeding this growth. As a pirate, you must assemble a fleet and discover what treasure awaits you there.
- 33 ships to research, build, outfit and pilot.
- 70 unique components to discover and customize your fleet's performance.
- Totally physics based combat system.
- Fight Zombie infestations, battling a full zombie ecosystem comprising four stages of un-life.
- Explore a persistent randomly generated galaxy containing hundreds of star systems.
- Freedom to explore the galaxy and take on challenges at your own pace.
- Aid, flee, or exploit the warring factions in each star system.
- The unique event system lets the player change the balance of power in any star system.
- Carefully spend your hard earned research points on hundreds of upgrades across 15 categories.


What is the difference between a Voucher code and an Order number?
A Voucher code is a unique 10 character numerical code provided with the purchase of a Kogan Mobile Plan. This code is required to activate or recharge your account.
The Order Number is a unique 8 digit alpha numeric code used for confirmation purposes of the order being placed.
For information about how to use Kogan Mobile vouchers please click here.
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Plan recovery into your training programme
Training is not all about putting in the miles. Recovery is an important part of training and is the time when our bodies adapt to the training stimulus we have given them. We overload the body during a weeks training, during a session or during an effort. We then have to give the body time to recover and during this time it repairs and rebuilds itself and makes itself stronger. This is how training works. If we were to train continuously and not recover sufficiently we would not improve and would probably break down. Training schedules should factor recovery.


Why The Halloween Costume Marketplace is Growing
Another reason the Halloween costume industry is booming is because consumers are obtaining a little richer every year. Nowadays, there are more plus more opportunities to developed into a millionaire. The Internet makes it seems that the average adult to start selling items from a personal website and marketing them using Strategies or other internet networking techniques. And when consumers have more money, that only means one thing, they buy more stuff. And they're buying more Halloween outfit. They buy the costumes both by themselves and their children and kids.
Kids costumes always be traditional hot seller in the Halloween industry, kostým andělů and there is no lack of parents who annually come into Halloween stores looking for the perfect kid costume for their child. Since there's no shortage of customers, there's also no shortage of costumes. Stores sell all kinds of children's costumes, from cartoon characters to superheroes to religious figures.
Kid costumes moreover become popular because schools have programs that encourage children to come to college dressed-to-impress around Halloween. Schools usually have Halloween parades and afternoon Halloween parties. At the parties, kids usually enjoy cookies, cakes, along with sweet treats. And children come dressed on the hilt in every kids costume imagine. No one wants to be defeated.


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The College's goals for the Self-Study process were to:
- Delineate institutional achievements.
- Identify and address areas of challenge.
- Expand communication and involvement among all of the College's constituencies, both onand off-campus.
- Produce a document that will assist in planning activities to "advance the path ahead."
- Achieve continuing accreditation from the North Central Association's HLC.


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Here are two striking and (I think) attractive Blechnum hard ferns.
Nigrum is Latin for black. Colenso's hard fern is named after William Colenso – printer, missionary, politician, and naturalist – altogether a very extraordinary person. Biography of William Colenso. The "hard" part of the name comes, I presume, from the texture of the frond; most species are fairly rough and almost leathery.
Both Colenso's hard fern and the black hard fern are found in wet, shaded, and usually cold habitats. The above photographs were taken along the Mangahao Makahike Track near Levin. Although at a relatively low altitude, it nevertheless provides good conditions for these species.
Blechnum is one of the biggest fern genera in New Zealand, with 18 indigenous species. They are easily recognised because almost all have dimorphic (different looking) fertile and sterile fronds. The fertile fronds, which make the spores, have much thinner segments and are black or nearly so. They are also often held up above the sterile fronds.
The following are some of the more common species in New Zealand.


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Astec Australia is a company that is always looking at new ways to make paving more efficient and cost-effective. As well as the machines that do the work, there are other ways companies can save on time and money, including collected data and analysing how it can help a business grow.
One such product that is available through Astec is MatManager. It is a device that is loaded with a program that is designed to monitor all the key parameters of a paving project – it enables users to keep track of material consumption, document how many kilograms of material that has been laid per square metre, and also keep track of when workers have stopped, started and loaded new materials.
It also allows the user to export and save data that has been captured by the device. It is possible to deliver a hard copy printout of key data to prove that all specifications of the job have been met.
This information can also be exported electronically.It works by using as range of input sensors mounted on the asphalt paver, which are designed to measure and calculate the major paving parameters. This information is collected using the device's interface box.
The system is continually collecting paving data, which is sent to a log file. This file can be used to further analyse the data using the MatWiser reporting system.
MatWiser is a web-based graphical reporting system that offers access, as well as a visual overview, of completed jobs, paver models and even the crew who completed the project. This is helpful because that it allows companies to create custom reports, which means different aspects of a job can be targeted when it comes to making improvements or finding specific information.
In addition to using the data for internal purposes, users can present the information to clients either by printing out a report, or sharing facts and figures via MatWiser.
Users can customise each project so it can be reviewed to validate various specifications of the job, such as how much material was used, how much area was covered and how many loads were received. It will even track the temperature of the material and where it was laid.
Finally, the MatWiser aspect of MatManager is a good tool to optimise good paving processes, such a reducing the number of starts and stops, keeping speed consistent, and adjusting the tamper RPM to achieve the best results.
Overall, MatManager is designed to make paving jobs easier by collecting data, which in the long term can be used to build in cost and time efficiencies that will help make a project run smoother.
- Interface box that collects input from the sensors and sends data to the MatManager screen. It also holds all calibration data of the system.
- Sensors include a GPS, distance sensor, IR temperature sensor, weather station, vibration/tamper sensor, and a screed-width sensor.
- The MatManger screen offers visual presentation of data for the operator. From here, the operator can start a new job and add truck loads to the job.
- MatManager offers many data sets including paved distance and area, material consumption, planned material consumption, actual material consumption, material consumption per hour, graphical presentation of temperature and stops/loads, paving speed, tamper/vibration frequency, mat width, as well as weather data.
- Option to add IR camera.
- Visual map of temperature differences on the newly paved mat.
- Tool for operators and authorities to secure good praxis in paving.
- Document problem areas.


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Lake Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
Located five miles north of the cities of Tuscaloosa and Northport in western Alabama (Metropolitan Region), Lake Tuscaloosa is a 5,885-acre reservoir which offers 177 miles of shoreline for boating, water skiing, swimming and fishing. Created in 1971 by the damming of North River, Lake Tuscaloosa is 92 feet at its deepest point with an average depth of 22 feet. Both the city and the reservoir were…
Keep scrolling to read more.
Welcome to the ultimate guide to Lake Tuscaloosa! Article topics include:
- All About Lake Tuscaloosa
- Where to Stay
- Vacation Planning Tools
- Things to Do
- Known Fish Species
- Lake Tuscaloosa Map
- Statistics / Weather / Helpful Links
- Lake Tuscaloosa Gifts
Looking for Lake Tuscaloosa cabins or other accommodations? Save time and use this interactive map to find, compare and book at the best rates. Or explore more of our favorite travel partners.
All About Lake Tuscaloosa, AL
Located five miles north of the cities of Tuscaloosa and Northport in western Alabama (Metropolitan Region), Lake Tuscaloosa is a 5,885-acre reservoir which offers 177 miles of shoreline for boating, water skiing, swimming and fishing. Created in 1971 by the damming of North River, Lake Tuscaloosa is 92 feet at its deepest point with an average depth of 22 feet. Both the city and the reservoir were named after the Choctaw Indian chieftain Tuskaloosa (which means Black Warrior), who fought against Hernando de Soto in 1540 in the Battle of Mauvila.
Lake Tuscaloosa was constructed in 1969 to accommodate the rising population of the area which was consuming more water than its two current reservoirs, Harris Lake and Lake Nicol could provide. Lake Tuscaloosa has a capacity of approximately 40 billion gallons and can handle a withdrawal of approximately 200 million gallons per day. Because of this, Harris Lake is used primarily for industrial water, and Lake Nicol now serves as a backup. Unlike other reservoirs whose water levels can rise and fall throughout the year, depending on the needs of its users, Lake Tuscaloosa remains within a few feet of its normal elevation of 233 feet.
In 1970, The Alabama Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries Division began stocking sport fish into Lake Tuscaloosa which included largemouth bass, walleye, hybrid striped bass and saltwater striped bass. Unfortunately these fish did not acclimate well, and the ones that did survive became predators to the smaller resident fish. Stocking was discontinued in the 1980s, but some of these species still live in the lake. The most common sport fish found in Lake Tuscaloosa today include the Alabama spotted bass, largemouth bass, bluegill, redear sunfish, and white crappie. Popular non-game fish include blue catfish, channel catfish, freshwater drum, and carp. Due to limited cover near the dam, fishing in that area is often poor. Upper areas of the lake near Binion and Turkey Creeks are generally best areas to fish. The lake drains into the Black Warrior River basin which is a very popular recreational area to anglers. Because of the lake's steep banks, fishing is best from a boat, but shore fishing has resulted in a number of trophy sized fish. Anglers of all ages and skills will not be disappointed by the variety of fish in the lake.
In 2000, bass tournament results ranked Lake Tuscaloosa 11th out of 25 major reservoirs in pounds of bass caught per day. Lake Tuscaloosa was the site of the 2001 B.A.S.S. Federation Qualifying Tournament, which was held out of the Binion Creek Access Area. Each year, Lake Tuscaloosa is host to a number of local and state bass fishing tournaments.
For boaters, there are a number of public and private boat ramps located on Lake Tuscaloosa, as well as several private marinas. Detailed maps of the lake are available at local marinas and sporting goods stores. Boat lengths are limited to 24 feet for power and sail boats and 38 feet for pontoon boats. Boat rentals are readily available and getting out on the lake is rarely a problem.
Nature lovers will enjoy several county parks located on Lake Tuscaloosa. Carroll's Creek Island County Park is located on the western side of the lake and has picnic tables, hiking trails, swimming areas and restroom facilities. Treasure Island County Park is actually an island and only accessible by boat. This park is for those who like to "rough it". Picnic tables are scattered through the small island and there are primitive restroom facilities (outhouses). Camping is allowed on both islands. Watermelon Road County Park is located on the south west side of the lake and has picnic tables and a boat ramp. Tent sites and RV camping is also available at several of the local marinas.
For visitors who would like to spend some quality time on Lake Tuscaloosa, there are number of homes, cottages and cabins available for rent on and near the lake. Most are available year round, but be sure to book your lodging ahead of time if the Crimson Tide is playing a home game. The city of Tuscaloosa is the proud home of the University of Alabama and has all the excitement, sports and cultural activity that a major university brings to its hometown. Just five miles south from the south end of the lake, there is much to see and do in the city should you tire of the lake activities.
For those who prefer the country, Lake Lurleen State Park is located nine miles northwest of the city and has a 250-acre lake, fishing, swimming, modern camping, picnic areas, playgrounds, boat launches and rentals. For those who find Native American history fascination, you'll want to take the short drive to Moundville Archaeological Park located just south of Tuscaloosa. Visitors can walk the 320-acre grounds and visit over 20 different prehistoric Indian mounds or view archeological treasures at the museum.
After a day of sightseeing, be sure to return to Lake Tuscaloosa and discover why residents, summer vacationers and weekend retreaters spend most of their time in or on the water. Although its primary purpose is to provide clean water for the residents, Lake Tuscaloosa's recreational opportunities attract over three million visitors every year.
Things to Do at Lake Tuscaloosa
These are some activities in the Lake Tuscaloosa, AL area visitors can enjoy:
- Vacation Rentals
- Fishing Tournaments
- Water Skiing
- Cabin Rentals
- Wildlife Viewing
- State Park
What Kind of Fish Are in Lake Tuscaloosa?
Lake Tuscaloosa has been known to have the following fish species:
- Black Bass
- Blue Catfish
- Channel Catfish
- Freshwater Drum
- Largemouth Bass
- Redear Sunfish (Shellcracker)
- Spotted Bass
- Striped Bass
- White Crappie
Find Places to Stay at Lake Tuscaloosa
If you're considering a Lake Tuscaloosa lake house rental or hotel, we've made it super easy to find the best rates and compare vacation accommodations at a glance. Save time using this interactive map below.
Note: These are affiliate links and we may earn a small commission if you click and make a purchase. Read our full disclosure policy here.
More Sites to Book a Lake Tuscaloosa Vacation
Our interactive Lake Tuscaloosa lodging map above is an easy tool for comparing VRBO rental homes and nearby hotels with Booking.com, but there could be times when you need to expand your search for different types of accommodations. Here are some other lake lodging partners we recommend:
Lake Tuscaloosa Statistics & Helpful Links
Lake Type: Artificial Reservoir, Dammed
Water Level Control: City of Tuscaloosa
Surface Area: 5,885 acres
Shoreline Length: 177 miles
Normal Elevation (Full Pond): 223 feet
Average Depth: 22 feet
Maximum Depth: 92 feet
Water Volume: 123,000 acre-feet
Completion Year: 1971
Drainage Area: 432 sq. miles
Trophic State: Mesotrophic
More local lakes to explore in this area:
We strive to keep information on LakeLubbers as accurate as possible. If you've found something here that needs updating, please touch base by filling out our Content Correction form.
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More Lake Tuscaloosa news from LakeLubbers.com
- Advertise your vacation rental property or local business: DETAILS HERE
- The Lake Tuscaloosa forum has been discontinued: HERE'S WHY
- New Lake Tuscaloosa photos coming soon!
- You're invited to join our lake-lovin' community on Facebook and Instagram!
- Share this Lake Tuscaloosa article with your fellow LakeLubbers:


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"The Airbus A320, a widely used narrow-body, twin-engine airliner, is offered in two primary variants: the A320ceo (Current Engine Option) and the A320neo (New Engine Option).
Here's a detailed explanation of the differences between the two:
A320ceo vs A320 neo – Engines
A320ceo: The A320ceo is powered by either CFM International CFM56 engines or International Aero Engines V2500 engines, depending on the customer's preference. These are the original engine options available since the A320's introduction.
A320neo: The A320neo features newer engine options, including the Pratt & Whitney PW1000G geared turbofan engines and the CFM International LEAP-1A engines. These engines offer improved fuel efficiency, reduced emissions, and lower noise levels compared to the engines on the A320ceo.
A320ceo vs A320 neo – Fuel Efficiency
A320ceo: While the A320ceo is fuel-efficient compared to older aircraft models, it doesn't offer the same level of fuel efficiency as the A320neo due to the newer engine technology and design improvements.
A320neo: The A320neo is designed to be significantly more fuel-efficient than the A320ceo, with the new engine options delivering fuel savings of up to 15% compared to previous models. This improved fuel efficiency translates to lower operating costs for airlines.
A320ceo vs A320 neo – Range and Payload
A320ceo: The A320ceo typically has a slightly shorter range and payload capacity compared to the A320neo, primarily due to differences in engine performance and fuel efficiency.
A320neo: The A320neo offers extended range capabilities and increased payload capacity compared to the A320ceo, allowing airlines to operate longer routes with more passengers or cargo.
A320ceo vs A320 neo – Noise Levels
A320ceo: While the A320ceo meets existing noise regulations and standards, the older engine options may produce slightly higher noise levels during takeoff and landing compared to the A320neo.
A320neo: The A320neo features quieter engines with reduced noise emissions, meeting or exceeding the latest environmental regulations and community noise requirements.
A320ceo vs A320 neo – Technology and Design Improvements
A320ceo: The A320ceo incorporates technology and design features that were state-of-the-art at the time of its introduction in the late 1980s. While it remains a highly reliable and capable aircraft, it lacks some of the newer innovations found on the A320neo.
A320neo: The A320neo benefits from various technological advancements and design improvements, including aerodynamic enhancements, advanced materials, and more efficient systems. These improvements contribute to its superior performance and operating efficiency compared to the A320ceo.
In summary, while both the A320ceo and A320neo are based on the same airframe, the A320neo offers significant enhancements in terms of fuel efficiency, range, payload capacity, noise levels, and technological innovations, making it a more attractive option for airlines seeking to optimize their operations and reduce operating costs."


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What does PING mean in General?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand PING in the Computing field in general and in the General terminology in particular.
Find a translation for PING in other languages:
Select another language:
What does PING mean?
- Ping, Ping River(noun)
- a river in western Thailand; a major tributary of the Chao Phraya


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For the May 2015 Treasure of the Month we are revisiting the Joel Ruth Hoard. Portions of this hoard, found by Joel Ruth after Hurricane Jeanne in September of 2004, were previously featured as our Treasure of the Month in June 2011, April 2014 and October 2014.
Hurricane Jeanne was the deadliest hurricane of the 2004 hurricane season. When it struck on September 25, 2004, it was the fourth hurricane to hit Florida during a six-week period. Brevard County resident Joel Ruth, who was qualified as a field archaeologist by Dr. Jim Miller in 1996, weathered the storm. As the winds died down and the tide dropped, he wanted to be the first person on the beach to search for what he believed to be the remnants of a king's treasure.
Relying on his experience, research and instinct, Ruth knew exactly where to look. By the end of the day he had recovered over two hundred full-weight four and eight silver reales. Our Treasure of the Month features several of these coins just as they were found. After surviving the hurricane of July 1715 (and Hurricane Jeanne in September 2004), these coins are in an incredible state of preservation. Some of these coins were recently conserved, and they look as bright and clean as the day they were minted.
By all accounts, the Joel Ruth Hoard stands out as one of the most remarkable finds of the recent past and a fantastic addition to our Treasure of the Month series.