Co-Mediation: When Two Heads Are Better Than One
Co-Mediation: When Two Heads Are Better Than One
Co-Mediation: When Two Heads Are Better Than One
Mediators differ in their preferences between mediating alone or with other mediators. While a strong mediator can effectively resolve most disputes, having multiple mediators working together can be advantageous in many circumstances. Co-mediation provides parties with the combination of knowledge, experience, and skills that an effective team offers while minimizing the effects of biases and blindspots. And it helps ensure that parties are being heard and gaining a greater understanding of each other.
By Ehsan Ali and Alnoor Maherali
Some organizations operate with the presumption of a single mediator working on the dispute. Others operate by a co-mediation model. Both approaches have demonstrated success and each can be well suited to most situations. But there can also be times when one may be better than the other. What differentiates one set of circumstances from the other is the nature of the conversation and the mediators themselves.
As with any team activity, when the individuals are working well together, their combined output is greater than the sum of their parts. However, when the team is at odds internally, challenges can arise. As such, many co-mediation teams take years to build up a solid rapport and a synergistic relationship to best serve their clients. But In other situations, particularly in community dispute resolution centers, mediators can meet each other for the first time right before a session and effectively co-mediate a dispute. There are two reasons for this.
The first is that the main principle of mediation is that it is not about the mediator. Whatever the makeup of the mediation team, the most important people in the room are the parties. That means that when mediators work alone or together, their priority is making sure the parties are welcomed, comfortable and able to actively participate in the process. So even if two mediators find themselves with different ideas on how to resolve the dispute, they can still work together for the best interests of the parties.
The second part of the answer is a shared set of values, grounded in decades of mediation theory and practice. When each mediator operates in accordance with the same principles and a common language of service and quality, differences in personality or communication styles within the mediation team can be effectively managed. So long as the values are being followed, mediators who might not otherwise relate well together can cooperate effectively to make sure parties are being heard and gaining a greater understanding of each other.
As such, quality can even be enhanced when mediators work together. In particular, co-mediation can provide the following benefits:
 1. Overcoming Biases and Blindspots: Mediators are human beings and are therefore affected by things they see and hear from their clients. However, when there is more than one mediator, they can help each other to recognize any biases that emerge and to maintain their neutrality. They will also pick up on different things in the mediation and thus are more likely to catch important details that could lead to resolutions.
 2. Establishing rapport with parties: An important step early in a mediation is for the mediator to establish a positive working relationship with the parties. As they start to trust the mediator and the process they feel more comfortable sharing information that could unlock the dispute. With two or more mediators in the room, there is a greater chance for achieving resonance with the parties, even as the mediators maintain their neutrality.
 3. Pedagogy: One of the greatest benefits of mediators working together is that different mediators learn techniques or best practices from each other that can serve the parties. Co-mediators will also consult each other and strategize together and these conversations can improve the outcomes for parties.
 4. Quality Control and Emotional Support: Most mediators will review cases once they're complete and provide feedback to each other on what worked well and what may not have. After especially emotional sessions, mediators can also benefit from discussing the dynamics and how it impacted them. This leaves them in a positive mindframe the next time they have to mediate.
These principles work even among people who might not get along otherwise. But when a team works well together outside the session, and has built on that natural advantage by training and working together in mediation sessions, the resulting co-mediation team becomes extremely effective and razor sharp at managing conflict and enabling difficult discussions. At Venn Mediation, we have that kind of collaborative dynamic. Our team works well together inside and outside the session. And that kind of effective communication results in a mediation team that – despite each mediators' well-established credentials – surpasses either of them working separately. When mediators collaborate rather than working alone, the parties benefit from their diverse knowledge, backgrounds, and skill sets.
A lone mediator can be preferable to teams of mediators operating (1) without a common understanding as to the purpose and underlying values of mediation, and (2) with a negative dynamic between the mediators. And many solo mediators have operated successfully for years to the benefit of their clients. But when a team of mediators has a shared set of values and an effective collaboration – the benefits can be exponential.
At Venn Mediation, we strive to leverage our effective collaboration to improve our client's outcomes and working relationships. From situations that are in their initial stages to those already in the legal process, Venn assists our clients to find settlement terms and deals that work for them. If you or someone you know is stuck in conflict, consider reaching out to Venn Mediation. We are based in New York but are experienced in online mediation and can work with people anywhere. Disputes can be difficult, but dispute resolution doesn't have to be. We would love to help.
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Skip to definition.
Verb: dash dash
 1. Run or move very quickly or hastily
 "She dashed into the yard";
 - dart, scoot, scud, flash, shoot, whip
 2. Break into pieces, as by striking or knocking over
 "dash a plate";
 - smash
 3. Hurl or thrust violently
 - crash
 4. Destroy or break
 "dashed ambitions and hopes"
 5. Cause to lose courage
 "dashed by the refusal";
 6. Add an enlivening or altering element to
 "blue paint dashed with white"
Noun: dash dash
 1. Distinctive and stylish elegance
 "he wooed her with the confident dash of a cavalry officer";
 - elan, flair, panache, style, élan
 2. A quick run
 - sprint
 3. A footrace run at top speed
 "he is preparing for the 100-yard dash"
 - hyphen
 - dah
 6. The act of moving with great haste
 "he made a dash for the door";
 - bolt
 7. [Brit] Instrument panel on an automobile or aeroplane containing dials and controls
 - dashboard, fascia [Brit]
 8. A small quantity of a liquid, esp. when being added to something else
 "add a dash of brandy"
Interjection: dash dash
Usage: Brit
 1. Exclamation of annoyance
 - blast, bother [Brit], botheration, bummer, curses, dang [N. Amer], damn, damnation, dammit, damn it, darn, durn [US, dialect], drat, hang, tarnation [N. Amer], shoot [N. Amer]
Derived forms: dashes, dashed, dashing
Type of: baffle, belt along, bilk, board, break, bucket along, cannonball along, cast, control board, control panel, cross, elegance, elegancy [archaic], foil, frustrate, haste, hasten, hie [archaic], hotfoot, hurl, hurry, hurtle, instrument panel, intimidate, mix, mix in, panel, pelt along, punctuation, punctuation mark, queer, race, radiotelegraphic signal, restrain, run, running, rush, rush along, rushing, scotch, speed, spoil, step on it, telegraphic signal, thwart, track event, travel rapidly, zip
Part of: international Morse code, Morse, Morse code
Encyclopedia: Dash, Flash, Crash


text:
Plant Speedup Stability Tips
The speedup of a plant's response can cause loops to go from a smooth to an oscillatory response. In actual plants, the faster rate of change of a process variable important for product quality such a temperature or composition occurs for various changes in operating conditions. Principal sources of speed up in an actual plant are a smaller mass due to minimization of inventory or at the start of fed-batch operations, an increase in heat transfer coefficient from a cleaner surface or higher fluid flow, and an increase in catalyst activity from fresh catalyst or higher fluid flow. In virtual plants, an increase in integration step size in first principle models is used for simulation speedup so scenarios take minutes instead of hours to complete. This speedup of simulations is essential for training operators and developing/prototyping control strategies. The bottom line is that the product of two terms can be used to detect and prevent instability in plant speed up.
The first term as you might expect is dead time in seconds. The second term is the maximum ramp rate in % of PV scale per second divided the change in % PID output that caused the ramp. The ramp rate should reach a maximum in 4 dead times after the change in PID output. The change in output can be due to a remote or manual output change or a setpoint change. This second term is an integrating process open loop gain and has units of %/sec/% or 1/sec. The product of the two terms is dimensionless.
The temperature and composition response of nearly all liquid column, vessel, and tank volumes can be characterized by the product of these two terms. For continuous operations, the second term is effectively the self-regulating process open loop gain divided by the primary process time constant in a near-integrating response.
The maximum PID gain is inversely proportional to the product of these two terms; the product of the total loop dead time and the integrating process open loop gain. A simple check of this product during the speedup of a process can show whether the response will become oscillatory. Assuming the reset time is not too fast for slower operation, process speedup should not cause oscillations from integral action since the minimum reset time is proportional to the primary time constant and/or dead time that has been decreased during speedup. A simple check of whether the reset time is too small at the start for a given PID gain should be done since PID gain settings are often reduced without realizing the reset time must be proportionally increase. The PID gain multiplied by the reset time should be greater than the inverse of the integrating process open loop gain to prevent slow rolling oscillations with a period 10 times or more the ultimate period.
In the speedup of a virtual plant, an increase in integration step size will generally increase the integrating process open loop gain. If the virtual plant dead time is small enough that the product of the two terms is less than reset time divided by the PID gain, the response will be smooth. Most virtual plants don't have as much dead time as actual plants. Also, automation system dead time in the virtual plant such as thermowell lags and analyzer cycle times can be decreased so the product does not exceed the maximum for plant stability. Note that process speedup normally does not affect the pipeline pressure and flow response except through changes in the origination and destination volume pressures. The speedup for gas volumes does not need to be anywhere near as fast as the liquid volume speedup because the gas volumes are already quite fast. Thus, the focus in a virtual plant is on the speedup of temperature and composition response of liquid volumes and the check is simple in terms of the product of two easily and quickly identifiable terms.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Philipp Schlager, a weaver, and his family arrived from Lübeck at the port of Oranienbaum on 15 September 1766 aboard the Danish galliot Nord Stern under the command of Skipper Detlev Belling along with a servant Johann Gausmann [sic] (age 17½).
Johannes Gossmann [sic] settled in the Volga German colony of Brabander on 19 August 1767. He is recorded there on the 1767 census in Household No. 124.
The 1767 census records that Johannes Gossmann came from the German village of Urbach in the Kurmainz region.
There are no known surviving male lines of this family among the Volga German colonies.
- Pleve, Igor. Einwanderung in das Wolgagebiet, _PHONE_ Band 1 (Göttingen: Der Göttinger Arbeitskreis, 1999): 240.
- Pleve, Igor. Lists of Colonists to Russia in 1766 (Saratov: State Technical University, 2010): #5214 (p.335).

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
This paper represents the improved meta-data search model for efficient content based image retrieval. This paper includes brief information of improved features i.e. dominant color and relative smoothness and other features like color histogram and edge histogram all together. This approach shows a step by step approach to get the accurate relevant results (images) from the database using meta-data. To achieve this goal the work also included the DWT (discrete wavelet transform) algorithm for the better results.
Content based image retrieval, Meta-data, Color histogram, Relative smoothness, Combine features, Imagae feature extraction


text:
).
- In lists it's acceptable to abbreviate salutations (e.g., Hon., Rev., Col.).
- Lists of donors may include courtesy titles and degrees (e.g., "Penny Philanthropist, PhD, chief executive officer, Healthy Habits, Inc.").
- In lists, do not use a comma before personal suffixes Jr., III, etc.; do use commas before degrees (e.g., "Lumin Smith III, MD").
- Sample donor list:
- Anonymous (17)
- Hon. Mary Future
- Penny Philanthropist, PhD
- Lumin Smith III, MD
- Mr. and Mrs. Wit E. Wisdom
- Wit E. Wisdom Jr.
- When writing about a person who holds an endowed chair or professorship, include the full name of the chair/professorship title, as appropriate, somewhere in the text.
- The endowed chair/professorship title should be identified by its full name, capitalized, in first reference (e.g., "Jane Smarts, Wit E. Wisdom Professor of Law at Tulane, received the award."). Use discretion and context to guide the appropriate inclusion of the chair/professorship title in subsequent references.
- Be sensitive to the implications of language and try to avoid sexist terms.
- When possible, replace masculine pronouns with nouns (e.g., "Each student should hand in his paper on time" may be rewritten as "Students should hand in their papers on time.").
- Avoid using "chairman" – instead, consider using "chair."
- Instead of "freshman" consider using "first-year student."
- "Green Wave" refers to Tulane University men's and women's intercollegiate athletics teams and should be treated as a singular noun (e.g., "The Green Wave is winning." or "The Green Wave won.").
- All-America honors – "All-America" is correct in all instances (e.g., "This
year several Green Wave football players garnered All-America honors.")
- Refer to home games as [Opponent School Name] vs. Green Wave [team]
- Information about the use of Tulane University logos is available online.
- In general, use the proper (complete and capitalized) name on first reference. Subsequent references may be shortened and in lowercase if the meaning is clear.
- Verify names. The lists below are resources:
- The names of centers should be capitalized even without the Tulane name (e.g., Center for Gene Therapy). Also, it is not appropriate to insert "University" in the names of centers and programs already named (e.g., Tulane Cancer Center).
- Cancer center – Use "Tulane Cancer Center" (first reference); the "cancer center" (second reference); "the center" on third reference.
- Hospitals – Use "the Tulane Medical Center" or "Tulane Hospital for Children" (first reference, respectively); then "the hospital" (subsequent references). "TMC" is not recommended.
- Lavin-Bernick Center – Use "Lavin-Bernick Center" (first reference) for the Lavin-Bernick Center for University Life; then "LBC" (subsequent references).
- Primate center – Use "the Tulane National Primate Research Center" (first reference); then "the primate center" (subsequent references). "TNPRC" is not recommended.
- For the future naming of centers, programs, etc., it is recommended to include "Tulane University" in the official name.
- Capitalize when using the full, proper name (e.g., "the Department of History" or "the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery").
- Lowercase when writing "history department" or "orthopaedics department."
- Use the British spelling of "theatre" only when using formal names, such as the Department of Theatre and Dance. The American spelling, "theater," should be used in all other references. (e.g., "Students in the Department of Theatre and Dance study theater.")
- The "Office of Undergraduate Admission" or the "admission office" is spelled without adding an "s" to the end of "admission."
- The Tulane Hullabaloo or The Hullabaloo, not Hullabaloo.
- As a general guideline for naming units of the university, capitalize the full name of the department or unit when it includes Tulane University.
- As a general guideline, avoid the possessive form of Tulane University (i.e., "the library at Tulane University" rather than "Tulane University's library").
- The names of the colleges and schools should be capitalized even without the Tulane name (e.g., School of Medicine, School of Architecture).
- Architecture – Use "Tulane University School of Architecture" (first reference); "School of Architecture" (second reference); then "the school" (subsequent references).
- Business – Use "the A. B. Freeman School of Business at Tulane University" (first reference); "the business school" (subsequent references). Leave a space between the A. and B.
- Continuing studies – Use "Tulane University School of Continuing Studies" (first reference); "School of Continuing Studies" (second reference); then "the school" (subsequent references).
- Law – Use "Tulane University Law School" (first reference); "Tulane Law School" (second reference); then "the law school" (subsequent references).
- Liberal arts – Use "Tulane University School of Liberal Arts" (first reference); "School of Liberal Arts" (second reference); then "the school" (subsequent references).
- Medicine – Use "Tulane University School of Medicine" (first reference); then "the School of Medicine" or "the school" (subsequent references); do not use "Tulane Medical School" or "medical school."
- Newcomb-Tulane College – Use "Newcomb-Tulane College of Tulane University" (first reference); "Newcomb-Tulane College" (second reference); then "the college" (subsequent references).
- Public health – Use "the Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine" (first reference); then "the school," "the public health school," or "School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine." "SPHTM" and other abbreviations are not recommended.
- Science and engineering – Use "the Tulane University School of Science and Engineering" (first reference); "School of Science and Engineering;" (second reference); then "the school" (subsequent references).
- Social work – Use "the Tulane University School of Social Work" (first reference); "School of Social Work;" (second reference); then "the school" (subsequent references).
- Capitalize the specific racial, linguistic, tribal, religious and other groupings of people, such as African American, Asian American, Caucasian, Latina/Latino and Native American.
- Avoid objectifying any persons with disabilities, e.g., instead of "autistic children" use "children with autism."
- beignet (ben-yáy) — Fried square dough covered in powdered sugar.
- bienvenue (bee-en-ve-new) — Welcome.
- crawfish — Not crayfish.
- dressed — To add lettuce, tomato and mayo to a "po' boy" sandwich.
- lagniappe (lán-yap) — A little something extra.
- Mercedes-Benz Superdome — Tulane's home football field. "Superdome" on second reference.
- Mid-City — A neighborhood in New Orleans, located roughly between the Mississippi River and Lake Pontchartrain.
- neutral ground — In other parts of the world, the median of a street or highway.
- Ninth Ward — An historical designation, commonly used in modern reference to a New Orleans neighborhood (spell out rather than using the numeral).
- NOLA — Short for "New Orleans, Louisiana" (use only in headlines).
- North Shore — The region across Lake Pontchartrain, north of New Orleans.
- red gravy — In other parts of the world, tomato or marinara sauce.
- sno-ball — A snow cone made with thinly shaved ice instead of crushed ice.
- toward the lake, or toward the river — Means of giving physical directions.
- West Bank — On the other side of the river from downtown New Orleans. Unrelated to physical direction (i.e., it isn't always to the west).
- Where y'at — An expression of greeting, similar in meaning to "How are you?"
- Zimpel — One of the streets in the uptown campus neighborhood.
- Note:The rules of noting numerals as figures versus words include several exceptions. Consult the The Associated Press Stylebook. Below are some common rules.
- Ages – Use numbers for all ages (e.g., "The 2-year-old child will be 3 years of age next year.").
- Dates – When citing a specific date, usually include the day of the week on first reference.
- For headings of text and for invitations, do not abbreviate the days of the week and months. Examples:
- Monday, August 20, 2007
- August 2007
- August 20
- In writing, abbreviate the month when listed with a specific date:
- Monday (Aug. 20)
- Aug. 20
- Dollars – Use numbers to indicate dollar amount, followed by the written designation as needed (e.g., 5 cents, $60,000, $4 million).
- Numerals – Spell out numbers one through nine, and when any number begins


For Developers > Content module >
Content API
Motivation
 - isolate developers working on Chrome from inner workings of content
 - make the boundary between content and chrome clear to developers and other embedders
Goal
 - Embedder API is under src/content/public
 - DEPS rules would prevent chrome from reaching to the implementation files
Design
In general, we will follow the design of the WebKit API. This makes it easier for people who're already familiar with it, and also keeps things consistent.
 - content/public should contain only interfaces, structs and (rarely) static functions
 - An exception is content/public/test. We allow concrete classes that chrome test classes derive from or use in here.
 - each interface/struct/enum should be in a separate file
 - all code under content should be in the "content" namespace
 - interfaces that content implements usually should be pure abstract, because usually there's only one implementation. These should not be implemented outside of content (i.e. content will freely assume that it can cast to its implementation(s)).
 - interfaces that embedders implement, especially ones which are used in tests or are observer-style and have many implementations, should have default (empty) implementations
 - enum values should start with the name of the type, i.e. PAGE_TRANSITION_LINK in the content::PageTransition enum
 - content implementation code should use other implementations directly and not go through the interface (i.e. code in content/renderer should use RenderViewImpl instead of content::RenderView)
 - it's acceptable to put implementation files that hold constructors/destructors of interfaces/structs which might have member variables. For structs, this covers initializing member variables. For interfaces (i.e. RenderViewObserver) this might cover things like automatic registration/unregistration. Normally we would put this small code in headers, but because of the clang checks against putting code in headers, we're forced to put it in .cc files (we don't want to make a clang exception for the content/public directory since that would lead to confusion).
 - when code in chrome implements an interface from content, usually the convention is to prefix the implementation with "Chrome" (i.e. ChromeContentBrowserClient derives from content::ContentBrowserClient)
 - only expose methods in the public API that embedders need. If a method is only used by other code in content, it belongs in foo_impl.h and not foo.h.
 - methods in the API should be there because either content is calling out to its embedder, or the embedder is calling to content. There shouldn't be any methods which are used to call from the embedder to the embedder.
 - all classes/structs/enums in the public API must be used by embedders and content. i.e. if the chrome layer uses a struct but content doesn't know about it, it doesn't belong in content/public but instead some module that's higher level.
 - we avoid single-method delegate interfaces, and in those case we use callbacks.
 - don't add the const identifier to interfaces. For interfaces implemented by the embedder, we can't make assumptions about what the embedder needs to implement it. For interfaces implemented by content, the implementation details doesn't have to be exposed.
 - Observer interfaces (i.e. WebContentsObserver, RenderFrameObserver, RenderViewObserver) should only have void methods. This is because otherwise the order that observers are registered would matter, and we don't want that. The only exception is OnMessageReceived, which is fine since only one observer class handles each particular IPC, so ordering doesn't make a difference.
Comments


text:
Au Sable River
A world-famous trout stream, the Au Sable River runs about 80 miles from near Grayling to Lake Huron. Along the river's eastward flow, Consumers Energy operates six hydroelectric dams: Mio, Alcona, Loud, Five Channels, Cooke and Foote.
The hydros were built between 1911 and 1924. Together, they can generate 41,000 kilowatts of electricity, enough to power a community of about 20,500 people.
How it Works
When Consumers Energy pioneered the development of hydroelectric power along the Au Sable, the land was ravaged by decades of logging. Between the mid-1920s and the 1950s, Consumers Energy planted millions of pine trees along the river to stabilize the banks for the six dams. The Au Sable (the name means "River of Sand") now provides excellent fishing, recreation and wildlife viewing from Grayling to Oscoda.
Most of the river frontage is Huron National Forest land managed by the U.S. Forest Service or land owned by Consumers Energy. Consumers Energy owns about 3,500 acres and leases much of its property to public or private operators of boat rental companies, swimming areas or campgrounds.
Aspen, oak, maple, pine, balsam, spruce and cedar trees provide shelter and food for deer, wild turkey, ruffled grouse, snowshoe hares and other animals. Bald eagles nest along the river.
Portages are available at each Consumers Energy hydro, to allow recreation-seekers to canoe down the winding river or float on an inner tube. In fact, canoeing has become so popular, the Au Sable hosts an annual canoe marathon.
The Au Sable River hydroelectric projects are also included as "watchable wildlife" viewing areas in Michigan's Wildlife Viewing Guide. Consumers Energy works with the USDA Forest Service and other entities to build and maintain these areas and assist in providing viewing opportunities.
Wildlife habitat efforts on the Au Sable River were first certified by the Wildlife Habitat Council in 1999.
Consumers Energy manages hundreds of acres of wildlife habitat around its six hydroelectric dams along the Au Sable. In addition to meeting all of its licensing requirements, the company manages important wildlife initiatives at its Au Sable facilities, including programs that monitor bald eagles and ongoing efforts to reintroduce the familiar trumpeter swan.
The company helped reintroduce 14 native trumpeter swans to the area in _PHONE_. During December 2003, the Iosco Audubon Society counted 138 trumpeter swans on Consumers' Alcona, Cooke and Foote reservoirs.
The company also maintains nesting structures for wood ducks, purple martin colonies, bluebirds and ospreys along the Au Sable.
With a capacity of 4,900 kilowatts, the hydro was built between 1914-16 and is the company's hydro furthest upstream (west) on the Au Sable River.
Named after the nearby city, Mio was the first hydroelectric plant to use a conduit or under-sluice spillway. Before this, all dams had included a massive above-ground concrete spillway that typically included a system of gates to pass excess flows. The under-sluice spillway was built into the powerhouse foundation and eliminated the need for the above-ground structure. The under-sluice spillway was invented and patented by William W. Tefft, a Consumers civil engineer and vice president.
Tefft's innovation reduced tailwater erosion during spill operation, increased the plant's power production and reduced construction expense. It was refined and used at subsequent Consumers' projects at Alcona Hydro on the Au Sable River, at Hodenpyl Hydro on the Manistee River and at Hardy Hydro on the Muskegon River.
Oscoda County Park is the perfect place for scenic views of the Mio dam and watching bald eagles soar above the forest, with 153 campsites in a quiet forest setting on the Mio Hydro pond.
Capable of producing 8,000 kilowatts, the hydro was originally named for a nearby road called Bamfield. Work began on Bamfield Dam in 1917, but the project stalled due to unstable sand and World War I. Construction resumed in 1923, and Alcona Hydro, named after the county where it is located, began commercial operation in 1924.
Alcona Park, on the Alcona Hydro pond, is an 1,100 acre outdoor paradise with more than 450 campsites and many special features.
Capable of producing 4,000 kilowatts, the hydro was completed in 1913. It is named for Edward Loud, who had done extensive lumber business along the Au Sable and bought up most of the cut over Au Sable lands between 1900-06, then later partnered with company founder William Foote and others to build the Au Sable hydros.
Five Channels Hydro
Capable of producing 6,000 kilowatts, the hydro was completed in 1912. This hydro is named for the nearby location on the Au Sable River where there were once five distinct river channels. The site of the workers' camp built to support construction of the dam was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 13, 2002. It is an early American example of incorporating worker safety and health provisions into construction site living, drawing heavily on lessons learned in the building of the Panama Canal.
With an original capacity of 9,000 kilowatts, the hydro began generating electricity in December 1911, making it the first of the six Au Sable River hydros. Cooke is named for banker Andrew Cooke, who helped secure financing for the project.
Cooke Hydro was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on Aug. 2, 1996. The honor recognizes the hydro's transmission of 140,000 volts, 125 miles to Flint, establishing a world record. Innovations included three-legged windmill-like towers that supported the transmission line and advances in insulator design. Cooke Hydro is also part of the River Road Scenic Byway and listed in the National Scenic Byways Program.
Lumberman's Monument, a 14-foot bronze statue dedicated to Michigan lumbermen, is the centerpiece of a major Forest service visitor Center located on the Cooke Hydro pond. The site features interpretive displays, along with a panoramic overlook and staircase leading down to the pond.
With a capacity of 9,000 kilowatts, the hydro was completed in 1918. It is located 9 miles upstream from Lake Huron and is named for William A. Foote, the founder of Consumers Power, which later became Consumers Energy.
In 1896, Foote took a side trip from Kalamazoo to Allegan, where he conceived the idea of a hydroelectric plant along the Kalamazoo River. In Foote's mind, that plant and others would power the industrial centers throughout the state.
The Au Sable River Queen on the Foote Hydro pond offers an unique paddlewheel boat cruise that combines spectacular scenery with the history and lore of the Au Sable.
Old Orchard Park on the Foote Hydro pond, operated by Oscoda Township, is a popular destination with 500 campsites and many amenities.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
SOURCE: RAJESH AHUJA / FOR MY TAKE / IDRW.ORG
UK's envoy to India Alex Ellis in recent media interviews in India tried to justify why British Parliamentarians are wasting more and more of their taxpayer's money on debating Indian laws in their parliaments because according to Alex Ellis, things that happen in India create "ripples" in his country. Ellis's arguments were based on that UK has a large section of the diaspora community that often wants its local parliamentarians to debates from A370, CAA Laws to the recent Farm laws because it affects their loved one directly?.
So Alex Ellis believes that 2.3% of the Indian Community that makes up the British Population some of who now identify themselves as Asians from Punjab have the liberty to debate Indian laws made by the Indian Parliament for Indian citizens just because they think they are not good enough for their folks back home is not only absurd but also reeks British Envoys Colonial hangover that they have some leverage with their Indian counterparts in the diplomatic circle to influence or change some of the Indian laws to avoid ripples in the country.
Mr. Ellis, the big diaspora you talk about are British citizens who moved out of India two to three generations ago and have little or no connections back home to ascertain facts about Indian laws that are made by them in the first place, to begin with. Ellis was not able to justify how somethings happening in India can create ripples in the UK in the first place, even if it can create some law and order situations in their country it is for them to take care of it not that it self should be India's concern.
Ellis says that All e-petitions on the Parliament website that cross the 10,000 signatures mark require the UK government to make an official statement and any petitions that cross 100,000 signatures must be considered for a debate. But are these signatures are verified to be coming from the Indian diaspora alone? as we have seen in past where Pakistani origin British Population have put petitions to debate in British parliaments on Indian laws like Article 370 and Article 35A that are no way are connected to British Pakistani diaspora nor they can claim they have relatives back in Kashmir who are affected by changes in the Indian laws.
What is more absurd are the tone and lunatic presumptions of the British Parliamentarians when these debates do take place, British parliamentarians are either peddling secessionist propaganda or Pakistan's narrative without a basic understanding of the subject they are debating. Much of the arguments put forward in such debates lack logic and largely seem to be done to show India its place and rile up propaganda against the elected government. Many of the British Parliamentarians, run to such debates or sponsor them to satisfy their vote bank and less to do with what is happening in India, most of the time no efforts are made to reach out to the Indian embassy to get their points of views on the subject of such debates.
Blatant disregard for India's laws and its Parliament and continuous interference in India's internal matters with such useless debates only creates grounds for further divisions between Indian and British citizens and attacks on the Indian embassy often by Pakistani backed diaspora are increasing in the last few years and British Parliamentarians often never condemn them nor refuse to take actions against such regular organizers that have dubious links with other countries that have good relations with India.
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Overview of Caerphilly
Caerphilly is a town in South Wales, at the southern end of the Rhymney Valley. It is the largest town in Caerphilly (county borough). Historically it was in the county of Glamorgan, on the border with Monmouthshire. At the 2001 Census, the town had a population of 30,388. It is a commuter town for Cardiff and Newport, 7.5 miles (12 km) and 12 miles (19 km) away respectively, and is separated from the Cardiff suburbs of Lisvane and Rhiwbina by Caerphilly mountain and gives its name to Caerphilly cheese
The town's site has long been of strategic significance. Around AD 75 a fort was built by the Romans during their conquest of Britain. An excavation of the site in 1963 showed that the fort was occupied by Roman forces until the middle of the 2nd century.
Tradition states that a monastery was built in the area by St Cenydd, but this claim lacks support. Nonetheless, the district was formerly named Senghenydd after him, and Cenydd's son, St Ffili, is said to have built a fort (Welsh: caer) in the area and thus gave the town its name. Another explanation is that it is named after the Anglo-Norman Marcher Lord, Philip de Braose.
Following the Norman invasion of Wales in the late 11th century, the area of Sengenhydd remained in Welsh hands. By the middle of the 12th century the area was under the control of the Welsh chieftain Ifor Bach (Ifor ap Meurig). His grandson Gruffydd ap Rhys was the final Welsh lord of Sengenhydd, falling to the English nobleman Gilbert de Clare, the Red Earl, in 1266. In 1267 Henry III was forced to recognise Llywelyn ap Gruffudd as Prince of Wales, and by September 1268 Llywelyn had secured northern Sengenhydd. Gilbert de Clare had already begun to take steps to consolidate his own territorial gains, beginning the construction of Caerphilly Castle on 11 April 1268. The castle would also act as a buffer against Llewelyn's own territorial ambitions and was attacked by the Prince of Wales' forces before construction was halted in 1270. Construction recommenced in 1271 and was continued under the Red Earl's son, Gilbert de Clare, 8th Earl of Gloucester. With only interior remodelling carried out to the castle by Hugh le Despenser in the 1320s, Caerphilly Castle remains a pure example of 13th century military architecture and is the largest castle in Wales, and the second largest in Britain (after Windsor).
The original town of Caerphilly grew up as a small De Clare raised settlement just south of the castle. In 1316 Llywelyn Bren, believed to be the son of Gruffyd ap Rhys and therefore great-grandson of Ifor Bach, led an insurrection, laying siege to the castle. The outer ward of the castle was breached but not the inner defences, with the town itself burned. The town was rebuilt but remained very small throughout the Middle Ages. The first evidence of its emerging importance was the construction of a Court House in the 14th century, the only pre-19th century building still remaining in the town.
At the beginning of the 15th century the castle was again attacked, this time by Owain Glyndŵr, who took control of the castle around 1403-05. Repairs to the castle continued until at least 1430, but just a century later the antiquary John Leland recorded that the castle was a ruin set in marshland, with a single tower being used as a prison. In the mid-16th century the 2nd Earl of Pembroke used the castle as a manorial court, but in 1583 the castle was leased to Thomas Lewis, who accelerated the castle's dilapidation by removing stonework to build his nearby manor, The Van. The Lewis family, who claimed descent from Ifor Bach, left the manor in the mid-18th century when they purchased St Fagans Castle, The Van falling into decay.
During the 1700s, Caerphilly began to grow into a market town, and during the 19th century, as the South Wales valleys underwent massive growth through industrialisation, so to the town's population grew. Caerphilly railway station was opened in 1871, and in 1899 the Rhymney Railway built their Caerphilly railway works maintenance facilities; however, the expansion of the population in the 19th century was more to do with the increasing market for coal
Caerphilly Hotel Addresses:
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Seed quality and yield of selected traditional and commercial crops : vegetable water use and nutritional productivity perspectives.
Shelembe, Pretty Jabulisile.
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Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) faces challenges of achieving nutrient and food security under water limitations due to climate change and variability. Under these conditions, it is important to adopt cropping systems that are likely to improve crop production. The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility of a legume - leafy vegetable intercrop system with a view to determine the yield and nutritional benefits. This was achieved through a series of studies which included conducting critical literature review, quantifying water use and nutritional water productivity efficiency of intercropping. Field trials were conducted at an Umbumbulu homestead and Fountain Hill Estate, in KwaZulu-Natal, during the 2016/2017 summer season, under rain-fed conditions. Intercrop combinations considered were sole cowpea, amaranth, garden pea and swiss chard, as well as intercrops of cowpea-amaranth, cowpea-garden pea and cowpea-swiss chard. Seed quality of selected crops were determined prior to planting to establish field planting value of seed lots. Data collection included plant growth (leaf number and plant height), and physiology (chlorophyll content index and stomatal conductance). Yield and yield components, water use (WU) and water use efficiency (WUE) were calculated at harvest. Nutritional analysis was determined after harvest. The results showed a significant (P≤0.05) difference between species with respect to seed vigour. There were significant differences (P<0.05) with respect to growth and physiological parameters among crop species. Significant differences (P<0.05) were also observed with respect to yield and yield components among crop species under cropping systems. Traditional species were significantly superior to exotic species with respect to seed germination and vigour. Field trials showed a general relationship between seed quality and crop performance. Although sole cropping showed better field crop performance than intercropping, there was evidence of significant water and nutrient productivity of the intercropping system.


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Most wind farm SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) historians are under-utilised. Due to the huge amount of data produced by modern turbines, the full value of the data cannot be realised from ad-hoc analysis. SCADA systems are installed at considerable expense. They should therefore be exploited to their maximum potential. SCADA Miner's wind farm SCADA data analysis software service has many benefits:
- Identify wind turbine underperformance and inefficiency
- Monitor compliance
- Increase availability through predictive maintenance and early failure detection
- Release engineering resource
- Increase operational intelligence
Wind turbine technicians sometimes turn panel cooling fans off while they service a panel. The fans are noisy, so this is understandable. Sometimes technicians forget to turn the fans on when they put the turbine back into service. Depending on ambient temperature and wind conditions, the turbine can operate for days with no panel cooling fans.
A test which examines the previous hour of ambient temperature, active power and reactive power can predict the expected temperature of this panel with reasonable accuracy. The panel with no cooling fans will quickly deviate from its expected temperature characteristic and generate an Exception Report which is emailed to the lead service technician. In many cases this alert can save the turbine from being out of service overnight due to panel over-temperature.
Wind Turbine Maintenance Events
Wind turbines execute periodic maintenance routines such as lubrication and pitch battery tests. Periodic routines are easy to audit with automated tests. Once a week, SCADA Miner counts the number of occurrences of periodic event codes (exceeding a minimum qualifying duration) and compares this count (normalised by turbine uptime) to a minimum acceptable count. If the wind turbine is found not to have executed a sufficient quantity of qualified events, an Exception Report is generated.
Failure to execute the expected quantity of a periodic routine seems unlikely but it can happen for a number of reasons including wrong parameterisation, a wiring fault or repeated turbine downtime. Such a test can avoid damage.
Wind turbines use a number of temperature sensors to monitor various components and shut down the wind turbine if the component exceeds an alarm level. Most SCADA historians collect 10-minute minimum, maximum, average and standard deviation analogue values. A temperature sensor will typically fail open or short circuit. When this happens, the measured temperature will be a limit value (e.g. 250 or -50°C). When the sensor begins to fail, it can exhibit short duration excursions to these limit values. Because of the short duration of limit value occurrences, the wind turbine control system does not shut the turbine down (it uses an average temperature to reduce noise susceptibility). These limit values are however, visible in the 10-minute minimum and maximum values and their frequent occurrence always precedes sensor failure as they represent an intermittent open/short circuit.
SCADA Miner's suite of sensor failure tests increase the likelihood of receiving an early warning of sensor failure and performing preventative maintenance to avoid downtime due to sensor failure.
Nacelle Direction Drift
On wind farms with wind sector management, it is important to ensure the wind turbines do not lose their sense of direction. This can lead to generation when the turbine should be shut down (e.g. for noise or load mitigation reasons) or unnecessary downtime because the turbine thinks it is in a shutdown wind sector when in fact it should be generating.
Inefficient Reactive Power Exchange
Inefficient levels of reactive power can occur both at the turbine terminals and the point of connection. SCADA Miner offers tests not only to ensure the wind farm complies with its connection agreement, but also to produce alerts if the wind farm generates or consumes reactive power exceeding the minimum level required by the connection agreement. Excessive reactive power exchange causes real losses.
Unexplained Wind Farm Constraint Detection
Unnecessary wind farm constraints occur much more frequently than may be expected. These can be due to wrong parameterisation, software updates, operator error, and poorly implemented active power control routines.
SCADA Miner has tests to detect suspect constraints and alert wind farm owners to their occurrence.
Generation when the Spot Price is Negative
For a number of reasons, wind farms sometimes generate electricity when the spot price is negative enough that the wind farm owner has to pay for the electricity generated (even when government renewable energy rebates are considered). SCADA Miner offers tests which alert on detection of generation when the spot price makes it unprofitable as well as on detection of conditions which can lead to this occurring.
Reactive Power Compliance
Tests can be configured to generate alerts upon detection of excursions (of configurable severity) beyond the limits of the connection agreement.
Signals such as wind speed, temperature and wind direction are sent to third parties to aid forecasting. High signal quality may be required to ensure compliance with the connection agreement.
Wind speed measurement from a met mast can be checked against nacelle wind speed measurements, as can ambient temperature. Generation of an Exception Report following loss of correlation between the primary signal and its predictor ensures timely awareness of the problem and can avoid breach notices from the grid authority.
Grid Event Detection
Wind turbines typically auto-restart if they trip due to a grid event (e.g. voltage dip or phase shift due to upstream network switching). This can result in very little downtime which often means the event goes unnoticed. Successful fault ride through events are even easier to miss. Wind turbine performance during grid events should be examined to ensure behaviour is compliant with the connection agreement. Upon detection of grid-related alarm codes being generated by multiple turbines within a short timeframe, an Exception Report is created. This prompts the recipient to examine the wind farm performance.
Detect Excessive Alarm Remote Resetting
A high count of an alarm code may indicate the alarm is being remotely reset rather than the problem being investigated. If a wind turbine shuts down due to over-speed twice in one day, has a recurring pitch alarm or shuts down multiple times due to failure to successfully execute a scheduled safety/maintenance routine, an Exception Report can be generated. Excessive alarm remote resetting can cause permanent damage. By alerting the wind farmer to its occurrence, the Exception Report can help prolong equipment life.
Detect Wrongly Allocated Downtime
Wind turbines may perform scheduled routines which result in owner-allocated downtime. Examples include lubrication and cable untwist events. Periodic tests can be created to ensure the frequency and duration of such events is in accordance with typical operation. These tests alert the owner to a wind turbine stuck in an owner-allocated downtime state. They will also generate an alert if a wind turbine is performing a greater number of scheduled events than anticipated. This could be due to wrong parameterisation or a sensor failure.
Temperature Alarms vs. Outdoor Temperature
Turbines can shut down or constrain due to high component temperature when the outdoor temperature is within specification for unconstrained operation. Sometimes the turbine measures high (or extremely low) outdoor temperature and shuts down when in fact, the temperature sensor has failed. SCADA Miner checks the temperature recorded by an alternative measurement source. An Exception Report is generated if temperature shutdown or temperature-initiated power reduction occurs within wind turbine rated operating temperature. This information can be particularly valuable. If a turbine constrains due to a high temperature component, that turbine is still 100% available according to most availability-based contracts. While the wind farm owner suffers lost revenue, there is little motivation for the OEM to address the problem. In countries where the electricity spot price increases sharply on hot days, these constraints occur when electricity is most valuable. There can be significant cost benefits in early detection and rectification of temperature-constraining defects.
SCADA Miner can automate the creation of routine reports. Example reports include:
- Partial/custom availability calculations not supported by wind turbine manufacturer
- Comparison of MTTR/MTBF for the same alarm at different wind farms used as a performance metric for teams of wind turbine technicians.
- Top 10 alarms causing downtime at each wind farm
- Lost production factor
- Remote alarm reset performance – how quickly monitoring technicians address alarms


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Kidding, kidding. But I do have a question about an $n$-line outline of a proof of the first case of FLT, with $n$ relatively small.
Here's a result of Eichler (remark after Theorem 6.23 in Washington's Cyclotomic Fields): If $p$ is prime and the $p$-rank of the class group of $\mathbb{Q}(\zeta_p)$ satisfies $d_p<\sqrt{p}-2$, then the first case of FLT has no non-trivial solutions. Once you know Herbrand-Ribet and related stuff, the proof of this result is even rather elementary.
The condition that $d_p<\sqrt{p}-2$ seems reminiscent of rank bounds used with Golod-Shafarevich to prove class field towers infinite. More specifically, a possibly slightly off (and definitely improvable) napkin calculation gives me that for $d_p>2+2\sqrt{(p-1)/2}$, the $p$-th cyclotomic field $\mathbb{Q}(\zeta_p)$ has an infinite $p$-class field tower. It's probably worth emphasizing at this point that by the recent calculation of Buhler and Harvey, the largest index of irregularity for primes less than 163 million is a paltry 7.
So it seems natural to me to conjecture, or at least wonder about, a relationship between the unsolvability of the first case of FLT and the finiteness of the $p$-class field tower over $\mathbb{Q}(\zeta_p)$. Particularly compelling for me is the observation that regular primes (i.e., primes for which $d_p=0$) are precisely the primes for which this tower has length 0, and have obvious historical significance in the solution of this problem. In fact, the mechanics of the proof would probably/hopefully be to lift the arithmetic to the top of the (assumed finite) p-Hilbert class field tower, and then use that its class number is prime to $p$ to make arguments completely analogously to the regular prime case.
I haven't seen this approach anywhere. Does anyone know if it's been tried and what the major obstacles are, or demonstrated why it's likely to fail? Or maybe it works, and I just don't know about it?
Edit: Franz's answer indicates that even for a relatively simple Diophantine equation (and relatively simple class field tower), moving to the top of the tower introduces as many problems as it rectifies. This seems pretty compelling. But if anyone has any more information, I'd still like to know if anyone knows or can come up with an example of a Diophantine equation which does benefit from this approach.
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+1, even though your title made my blood pressure go up by about +50 ;) – Yemon Choi Jan 29 '10 at 22:08
-1. Change the title – Boris Bukh Jan 29 '10 at 23:00
+1: I thought it was funny – Harry Gindi Jan 29 '10 at 23:04
+1: I thought it was very funny – Julio César Salazar García Jan 30 '10 at 1:54
+i: Write the title backwards. – Qiaochu Yuan Jan 30 '10 at 5:46
2 Answers 2
up vote 51 down vote accepted
Suppose you have a diophantine problem whose solution is connected with the structure of the p-class group of a number field K. Then you have the following options:
 1. Use ideal arithmetic in the maximal order OK
 2. Replace OK by a suitable ring of S-integers with trivial p-class group
 3. Replace K by the Hilbert class field, which (perhaps) has trivial p-class group.
Experience with descent on elliptic curves has shown me that ultimately, the equations you have to solve in methods 1 and 2 are the same; moreover, the approach using ideals is a lot less technical than using factorial domains in S-integers (the class group relations come back in through the larger rank of the group of S-units). I am certain that the route via the Hilbert class field is even more technical: again, the unit group in the class field will produce more difficulties than a trivial class group will eliminate.
Edit. As an example illustrating my point in a very simple example, let me solve the diophantine equation $x^2 + 5y^2 = z^2$ in several different ways. I will always assume that $\gcd(x,y) = 1$.
1. Elementary Number Theory
The basic idea is factoring: from $5y^2 = (z+x)(z-x)$. Since $d = \gcd(z-x,z+x) = \gcd(2z,z+x) \mid 2$ we have $d = 1$ or $d = 2$; moreover we clearly have $z-x > 0$. This gives $z+x = da^2$, $z-x = 5db^2$ or $z+x = 5da^2$, $z-x = db^2$. Solving for $x$ and $z$ yields $$ x = \pm \frac d2 (a^2 - 5b^2), \quad y = dab. $$
2. Parametrization
Set $X = \frac xz$ and $Y = \frac yz$; then $X^2 + 5Y^2 = 1$. Take the line $Y = t(X+1)$ through the obvious point $(-1,0)$; the second point of intersection is given by $$ X = \frac{1-5t^2}{1+5t^2}, \quad Y = \frac{2t}{1+5t^2}. $$ Dehomogenizing using $t = \frac ba$ and $X = \frac xz$ etc. gives the projective parametrization $$ (x:y:z) = (a^2-5b^2:2ab:a^2+5b^2). $$ If $ab$ is odd, all coordinates are even, and we find $$ x = \frac12(a^2 - 5b^2), \quad y = ab; $$ if $a$ or $b$ is even we get $$ x = a^2 - 5b^2, \quad y = 2ab $$ as above.
3. Algebraic Number Theory
Consider the factorization $$ (x + y\sqrt{-5}\,)(x - y\sqrt{-5}\,) = z^2 $$ in the ring of integers of the number field $K = {\mathbb Q}(\sqrt{-5}\,)$. The class number of $K$ is $2$, and the ideal class is generated by the prime ideal ${\mathfrak p} = (2,1+\sqrt{-5}\,)$.
The ideal $(x + y\sqrt{-5}, x - y\sqrt{-5}\,)$ is either $(1)$ or ${\mathfrak p}$; thus $$ (x + y\sqrt{-5}\,) = {\mathfrak a}^2, \quad (x - y\sqrt{-5}\,) = {\mathfrak b}^2 $$ in the first and $$ (x + y\sqrt{-5}\,) = {\mathfrak p}{\mathfrak a}^2, \quad (x - y\sqrt{-5}\,) = {\mathfrak p}{\mathfrak b}^2 $$ in the second case.
The second case is impossible since the left hand side as well as ${\mathfrak a}^2$ are principal, but ${\mathfrak p}$ is not. We could have seen this immediately since $x$ and $y$ cannot both be odd.
In the first case, assume first that ${\mathfrak a} = (a + b\sqrt{-5}\,)$ is principal. Since the only units in ${\mathcal O}_K$ are $\pm 1$, this gives $x + y \sqrt{-5} = \pm(a+b\sqrt{-5}\,)^2$ and hence $$ x = \pm (a^2 - 5b^2), \quad y = \pm 2ab. $$ If ${\mathfrak a}$ is not principal, then ${\mathfrak p}{\mathfrak a} = (a+b\sqrt{-5}\,)$ is, and from $({\mathfrak p}{\mathfrak a})^2 = 2(x+y\sqrt{-5}\,)$ we similarly get $$ x = \pm \frac12(a^2 - 5b^2), \quad y = \pm ab. $$
4. S-Integers
The ring $R = {\mathbb Z}[\sqrt{-5}\,]$ is not a UFD, but $S = R[\frac12]$ is; in fact, $S$ is even norm-Euclidean for the usual norm in $S$ (the norm is the same as in $R$ except that powers of $2$ are dropped). It is also easily seen that $S^\times = \langle -1, 2 \rangle$. From $$


translator. The translator (developed here by Sam Steidl) is used to move the GaAs schematics generated in the Compass tools over to the VIEWlogic CAD tools, which is used to interface with the Xilinx router used for the FPGA's. The translator swaps each occurrence of a Compass primitive with an equivalent VIEWlogic primitive, and preserves the interconnect between the primitives. Thus, we can be assured that the translator output (VIEWlogic schematics) is logically equivalent to the input (Compass schematics). The translated schematics can then be exported from the VIEWlogic tools, and the PPR router from XILINX can generate a bit stream file which is used to program the FPGA's on the APTIX board.
The next step was to generate the interconnect between the chips. This interconnect matches that of the actual multi-chip module (MCM) routing between the chips in the original architecture. This interconnect is entered into the VIEWlogic CAD tool, and it references the previously mentioned FPGA schematic files. This interconnect is then exported in the same manner as the previous chip files, only now the APTIX router is used, and a bit stream is created which is used to program the FIPIC's. With these netlists exported, the entire processor can be simulated using Viewsim (The VIEWlogic digital simulator).
The output from the routers are then brought over to the PC where the Aptix development system resides. The FIPIC's are programmed on the Aptix board from the PC via serial communication with the Aptix Host Interface Module (which in turn communicates with the AP4 Aptix board). FPGA's are then programmed using the Xchecker cable and download program provided by Xilinx. Once the clock signal is applied to the Aptix board, an automatic startup sequence is activated which initializes the processor. This startup sequence was designed and routed into another FPGA. Once the processor is initialized, programs can then begin execution on the emulator. The Aptix Development System automatically routes up to 64 lines on each FIPIC to an interface pod which is connected to the HP logic analyzer. The Logic Analyzer is then automatically configured, and signals are automatically labeled via serial communication with the PC. This saves several hours that would otherwise be required to hookup logic analyzer probes, and configure the logic analyzer. Thus the system can then be tested in a relatively short period of time.
Emulator Results
The translator has proved to provide reliable netlists, and has shown itself to be a very valuable tool for interfacing our two CAD systems. Although the testing procedure is not yet complete, the emulator has already indicated a minor problem with the instruction decoder of the FRISC processor. The swift identification of this problem made it's correction and painless task. A series of test routines has been developed using the software simulator for the FRISC processor. These series of routines exhaustively test every feature of the architecture. Once it has been verified that every test routine runs correctly, we can be assured that the final GaAs architecture is correct.
While the emulator and the HBT FRISC processor are logically equivalent, there may be timing errors which can occur since the FPGA's and the FIPIC's in no way preserve the relative delay characteristics of the GaAs chips, or the MCM. Thus, if an error occurs on the emulator, it must first be determined whether or not this is because the original chips depended upon different delay characteristics. If this is the case, proper delays must be introduced to the emulator to for it to operate correctly. This is an unlikely case however, since the processor is a synchronous system, if the emulator system clock is slow enough (less then 6 MHz), then there should be no timing problems on the emulator.
Design Verification Programs of F-RISC/G
The purpose of verification programs is to verify the design of F-RISC/G. Each of the verification programs is provided with the correct output results. The verification program was executed correctly if its results (obtained in the cache memory) coincide with the given correct results.
The verification programs are written in F-RISC/G Assembler and they can be used for design verification of F-RISC/G at any of the following stages:
a) design verification of a mathematical model of F-RISC/G, i.e. of a software description of F-RISC/G;
b) design verification of a physical model of F-RISC/G, i.e. of a hardware model of F-RISC/G realized on Aptix board;
c) design verification of the real F-RISC/G chips.
A set of 198 verification programs is written for design verification of F-RISC/G. The total volume of these verification programs is about 15,600 instructions.
The design verification programs are written according to the following three main principles:
1. A set of verification programs must be complete, i.e. it must verify the execution of any possible
F-RISC/G instruction ( the quantity of F-RISC/G instructions variations shown in Table 6 is equal to 5,710 ).
2. A set of verification programs must be a strict sequence of verification programs. A few verification programs at the beginning must verify the diagnostic core of the object which is "Register File - Cache Memory - Register File" and "Register - Register" communications in F-RISC/G. Each next verification program in the sequence uses the F-RISC/G instructions that already have been verified by the previous verification programs plus a few new instruction to be verified. This approach makes easier the diagnosis of design errors.
3. The result of each simple step's execution of the verification program must be stored in the cache memory. This approach makes easier the diagnosis of design errors because a wrong data obtained in a specific address of the cache memory exactly determines that one or a few instructions which were executed incorrectly.
QuantityInstruction Quantity
ADD24JUMP 4224
Most of the verification programs verify the execution of all possible F-RISC/G instructions. Three additional verification programs perform more complicated calculations namely:
1) addition of array's elements (stored in the cache memory),
2) re-ordering of array's elements (stored in the cache memory) in the increasing order,
3) multiplication of two operands.
Some of the verification programs were already used for the verification of the mathematical model of F-RISC/G and for the verification of the physical model of F-RISC/G.
The current contract period located several key problems with the design of the F-RISC/G architecture chips. This included timing deficiencies due to underestimates of the impact of 3D capacitance effects in the wiring. This stimulated the utilization of new 3D capacitance codes developed by Prof. Yannick Le Coz and his colleague Ralph Iverson. Considerable effort to revise the cache memory critical paths resulted from these studies. Additionally the datapath register file was revisited. A second collection of errors was located through the use of an APTIX Field Programmable Circuit Board and FPGA emulator technology. Several refinements of the back translator which produces this emulation directly from the layouts of the GaAs chips were also required to insure the correctness of the emulation. A series of 4 new or revised test chips were submitted under HSCD funding to obtain further yield and performance monitoring of the Rockwell process to judge whether the time is propitious for submission of the main architecture chips for fabrication.
Finally, the exploration of the 100 GHz models and new round emitter 80 GHz variants of the 50 GHz process were explored to determine whether they can be used in faster clocked versions of the F-RISC architecture. The 100 GHz models suggested that that HBT is not yet fully optimized since only the maximum frequency and not the transit time frequency appear to be at 100 GHz.
[Greu90] Greub, H. J., J. F. McDonald, and T. Creedon. "Key components of the fast reduced instruction set computer (FRISC) employing advanced bipolar differential logic and wafer scale multichip packaging." IEEE Bipolar Circuits and Technology Meeting, Minneapolis, Minnesota, pp. 19-22, 1988.
[Phil93] Philhower, R. "Spartan RISC Architecture for Yield-Limited Technology." Ph.D. dissertation, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, December 1993.
[Sze81] Sze, S. M. "Physics of Semiconductor Devices, 2nd Edition" John Wiley & Sons, New York, New York, 1981.
[Maji89] Majid, N., Dabral, S., and McDonald, J. F. "The Parylene-Aluminum Multilayer Interconnection System for Wafer Scale Integration and Wafer Scale Hybrid Packaging." Journal of Electronic Materials, Vol. 18, No. 2, 1989.
[Hall93] Haller, T. R., et. al. "High frequency performance of GE high density interconnect modules." IEEE Transactions on Components, Hybrids, and Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 21-27, February 1993.


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Signal conditioning for the recursive least-squares filter in ultrasonic testing of materials
This work aims to enhance the filtering performance of the recursive least-squares adaptive algorithm in the ultrasonic testing of materials by processing the primary input of the filter to improve the correlation properties of the signal and noise and enhance the adaptation and filtering process. The preprocessing is carried out using the SURE and universal threshold methods, which were originally used in wavelet denoising. The standard and proposed realisations of the recursive least-squares filter were applied to process simulated ultrasonic grain noise signals and the echo signals of experimental defects. Preprocessing using the SURE method did not offer good results in the simulation study. The results of the simulation and experimental studies showed that the proposed configuration of the recursive least-squares filter using the universal method performs better than the standard recursive least-squares filter.
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Document Type: Research Article
Publication date: November 1, 2017
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BeanAnimal's Reef > Article > Aquarium Heaters: What you need to know!
Aquarium Heaters: What you need to know!
Aquarium Heater Background
The aquarium heater is the most overlooked, yet critical piece of equipment in the home aquarium. A reef tank can go for days without lights or pumps and a fish only tank can last for weeks, but either can be wiped out in a matter of hours due to a malfunctioning heater. Aquarists will spend hundreds, if not thousands of dollars on equipment, only to purchase (and rely on) a $25 hobby heater.
One of the most common questions posted on aquarium related websites is "what is the best heater?". There is no shortage of opinion in the responses. For each favorable response about a brand or model, there is a negative response or dire warning for that model same model. The conversations quickly devolve into hostile confrontations between those who feel strongly about their purchases and opinions and are unwilling to see the truth. This article is intended bypass the myth and opinion regarding hobby heaters. Armed with what you learn here (the facts), you will be able to answer any heater question thrown at you as well as make informed decisions about your own setup or future purchases.
Heaters: Under the Hood
Aquarium heaters come in two basic flavors, those with electronic thermostats and those with mechanical thermostats. Most heaters are of the mechanical variety but some newer models are electronic. Both styles have the same basic parts with the exception of what regulates the temperature and/or energizes the heating element. Shown below are basic diagrams (taken from the Google patents website) of both styles of heaters.
Image depicting the differences between mechanical and electronically controlled aquarium heaters
Image showing drawings of both mechanical (top) and electronic (bottom) aquarium heaters. The areas in red indicate the only significant differences (described below).
Both types of heaters share common parts such as the envelope, heating element and temperature adjustment knob. The envelope may be made of glass or titanium, its purpose is to keep the internal components of the heater dry. The heating element is simply a piece of resistance wire that is energized with 120V from the mains supply that the heater is plugged into. The heating element is either ON or OFF (it does not vary in temperature) and is controlled by the thermostat (shown in red above). This is where the similarities end.
Theory of Heater Operation
The mechanical style heater has what is called a bi-metal thermostat. It is comprised of two dissimilar metals bonded together. These metals expand and contract at a different rate when heated or cooled causing the bi-metal strip to curve as the temperature changes. There is an electrical contact at one end of the bi-metal strip. As the bimetal strip bends it moves the contact towards (or away) from another contact. The adjustment knob either varies the distance between the contacts or varies the tension on the bi-metal strip via a spring. This adjustment distance (or pressure) is what allows the heater to be set for a specific temperature by forcing the bi-metal strip to move further (or with more force) to create an electrical connection between the contacts.
The electronic style heater has an electrical temperature sensor inside. As the aquarium temperature rises and falls, the output voltage of the sensor varies. This low voltage signal is used to control an electronic (solid state) switch that has no moving parts. This electronic switch (known as a Solid State Relay or SSR) turns the heating element ON and OFF according to the setting on the control dial.
Aquarium Heater Reliability
The mechanical style thermostats suffer from several problems that are an inevitable reality of their design. The bi-metal thermostats are very small and delicate. The constant bending causes rapid metal fatigue and therefore the bi-metal strip is rather prone to breaking. The electrical arcing across the contacts also takes its toll and it is not uncommon for the contacts to weld themselves together. The truth is that mechanical aquarium thermostats fail with alarming regularly. The failure usually leaves the thermostat in the ON position causing a rapid overheating of the display tank.
The electronic style thermostats also have many problems. Put simply, the circuit design in most models leaves a lot to be desired. These simplistic circuit topologies are designed to be cheap to manufacture with a low component count (to keep costs down). They circuits have a fairly high failure rate and commonly fail in such a way that the heating element remains energized.
Other Aquarium Heater Problems
Even though many heaters are sold as fully submersible, constant immersion is not a good idea. It is very common for the watertight seals to leak and allow the internal components to become wet or flooded. This can be deadly for you or your livestock. It is best practice to situate your heaters so that the heads are not submerged, no matter what the manufacturer says. I will have more to say about this in the best practices section.
Running a heater out of the water or with the heating element not fully below the waterline is also a common cause of heater failure. The heating element directly heats the envelope which in turn heats the water. The water quickly pulls the heat away from the envelope. Dangerous temperatures can develop very quickly if the heating element is not fully below the waterline. Overheating can rapidly damage the seals, electronics, thermostat, element and the envelope. Once a heater is run "dry" it should be thrown away (even if to looks fine)!
Divide and Conquer
The bottom line is simple! Aquarium heaters (of all makes and models) fail at an alarming rate. The failure modes are inherint to the design of the components and not something we can fix. We can, however, use some basic logic to create a reasonably fail-safe system out of components that are not fail-safe when used alone.
Ignoring the real world math, we can make some basic assumptions. Lets assume that a 1000W heater has stuck in the ON mode and it raises the water temperatre 2 degrees every hour. We can the assume that a stuck 500W heater would only raise that same tank's temperature 1 degree every hour. We can further assume that a stuck 250W heater would only raise that tanks temperature.5 degrees an hour!
From the above logic, it should be fairly obvious that using several small heaters is much safer than using fewer large heaters. By separating the heating duties between several units, no single unit has the ability to rapidly overheat the tank in the event of a malfunction. Furthermore, heaters that fail in the off position will be backed up by the other heaters in the system! The use of multiple small heaters creates a fault tolerant heating system.
Dedicated Temperature Controllers
The use of multiple small heaters adds a layer of redundancy and safety to the aquarium's life support system, however, there is more that can (and should) be done to prevent catastrophic failure. Fault tolerance (as described above) can be further enhanced by the addition of a fail-safe system.
A dedicated temperature controller can (should) be used to regulate the aquarium's temperature. Industrial/commercial units such as the Ranco ETC series are magnitudes more reliable than the thermostats that are built into the hobby heaters. The controllers are designed to operate reliably in demanding industrial environments and have a very low failure rate. Many hobby heaters come with controllers that mimic the look and functionality of the commercial units, but make no mistake, they are nowhere near as reliable. The hobby controllers are actually not much better than the thermostats built into the heaters.
The best way to utilize a controller is to set the thermostats on the individual heaters a few degrees above the controller's set point. The controller will turn the heater ON and OFF as demand requires. The heaters' internal thermostats will prevent the heaters from continuing to run in the rare event that the dedicated temperature controller malfunctions (sticks in the ON position). This is the fail-safe! The internal thermostats will not be prone to metal fatigue or arc damage because they are not used during normal operation.
Dedicated aquarium controllers such as the Digital Aquatics Reefkeeper, MCU Research Lighthouse, Neptune Systems AquaController, Elos Biotopus, etc. have all proved to be somewhat reliable, but there are sporadic reports of various failures of these systems. The bottom line here is also very simple! These are NOT dedicated temperature controllers, and instead, operate with many different inputs and user programmable options. These units can be attached to various combinations of inputs and outputs and at the same time have their logic programmed by end users. The reality is that these units are not nearly as reliable compared to a dedicated temperature controller such as the Ranco ETC series. Leave the life support to tried and tested, dedicated units and let the aquarium controller handle the data logging and lighting.
Aquarium Heater Placement
Heater placement is a very important consideration in the design of an aquarium system, especially when using a dedicated temperature controller. The heater should always be slightly downstream of the temperature probe (unless the system, is sump-less). Both the heater and the temperature probe need to be placed so that they will always be submerged (only the heater envelope), even with the pumps are off. This means that they should be attached to the back wall of the display tank or in the input compartment of the sump


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Üniversite: Uludağ Üniversitesi
Bölüm: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
YÜKSEK LİSANS VE DOKTORA ÖĞRENCİLERİ
İBRAHİM KORKMAZ (1989)
Motorlu taşıtlarda bazı termik ve dinamik parametrelerin incelenmesi
-MlThe driving cycle named "A comparative Driving Cycle for City Passenger Buses " considers a distance of BOO meters between two bus stations. The -fuel consumption of the bus for 10 bus stations is calculated. Then the distance between the bus stations is extended to 1000 meters and the fuel consumption is calculated for S bus station. The total travelling distance is constant for both situations. Thus the fuel consumption difference gives the fuel economy for the constant distance that is SOOO meters. If the model vehicle does not carry any extra load, there is no slope and the vehicle travels on a paved road (asphalt), the result is of 4.5 V. percent fuel economy. Since no power is transmitted to the tires of the vehicle, the effective engine power and thus the brake mean effective pressure can not be determined. So that the specific fuel consumption of the vehicle, when the clutch pedal is pressed or when no power is transmitted to the tires of the vehicle from its engine can not be determined by using the performance curves. In such cases the fuel consumption of the vehicle is calculated by means of idling fuel cosumption of the engine. If consumption is directly equal to the idling fuel consumtion. However, vhen the engine rate is different to the idling engine rate, the fuel consumption is different from the idling fuel consumption too. The fuel consumption in these situations is calculated by the equation m =m _.n /n,_, where "m _," is the idling fuel *?> y yR e eR yR a consumption, "n _" is the idling engine rate and "n " is the engine rate just before the clutc pedal is pressed. The computer program includes 13 subroutines. When the program is run, a selection menu is offered and according to the selection some of the subroutines are used. – XI ı- An important point to be emphasized is that the performance curves given in this study are drawn aproximately by means of the full throttle curves. The real performance curves of the model engine are supposed to be different. The computer program submitted in this study may be used to optimize the behaviour of the driver by adding some subroutines or making some reorganizations. For instance if the distance and the time are certain, the behaviour of the driver to minimize the fuel consumption can be determined. However, this topic does not exist in this study.


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The outlet of Mule Hole watershed is located at an elevation of 827 m. At Mule Hole, streams are temporary flowing for a few hours to a few days after the stormy events of the rainy season. Rainfall and runoff measured at the outlet of the Mule Hole watershed were respectively 431 mm and 1 mm in 2003 (measurements only from July 2003), 1216 mm and 59 mm in 2004, and 1434 mm and 181 mm in 2005.
During almost 3.5 hydrological years of monitoring from 7 July 2003 to 21 November 2006, the stream has flown only an equivalent period of 147 days, i.e. 12 % of the monitoring period or about 44 days a year. The stream is therefore highly ephemeral and flows only in response to specific heavy rainfall events.
The outlet of Maddur watershed is located at an elevation of 878 m. The stream of Maddur is flowing the whole year at a very low discharge rate. This is probably due to human activities and water ponds which reduces the floods peaks during precipitation and contributes to baseflow during dry season.
Both experimental watersheds are located in gneissic hard-rocks composed of a shallow porous regolith reservoir and a deeper fractured reservoir.
For the Mule Hole watershed, the following ranges of thickness are estimated from borewell loggings and geophysical studies:
- 0.2 to 6 meters for the soil, with a major part of the watershed (54 %) with less than 1.5 m thick (BOST 2005, BARBIERO ET AL 2007);
- Few meters to more than 35 meters for the saprolite;
- 5 to 25 meters for the weathered-fissured gneiss (DESCLOITRES ET AL 2007).
At Mule Hole, the water table is deep and quite below the stream level. This means that the aquifer is disconnected from the stream. Therefore, there is no contribution of groundwater to baseflow during dry season. This explains why the stream is ephemeral.
The high depth of the water table is probably due to low natural recharge in this watershed. The forest cover consumes high amount of water by evapotranspiration, which reduces the infiltration of water through the unsaturated zone.
The water table at Maddur is shallow in many parts of the watershed. The piezometry is locally perturbed by water pumping in borewells, dugwells, openwells and handpumps.


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Oct. 4, 2011 Canadian scientists who specialize in learning, memory and language in children have found exciting evidence that pre-schoolers can improve their verbal intelligence after only 20 days of classroom instruction using interactive, music-based cognitive training cartoons.
The study -- conducted at York University by Dr. Sylvain Moreno, who is now with Baycrest's Rotman Research Institute (RRI) -- is posted online October 4 in Psychological Science (a journal of the Association for Psychological Science), ahead of print publication in the October issue of the journal.
The cognitive benefit was striking and consistent in 90% of the children who took the four-week learning program and was additionally confirmed by brain imaging data that indicated brain changes had taken place related to the training.
"Our data have confirmed a rapid transfer of cognitive benefits in young children after only 20 days of training on an interactive, music-based cognitive training program. The strength of this effect in almost all of the children was remarkable," said Dr. Moreno, a world expert on neuroeducation. He is now the Lead Scientist at Baycrest's Centre for Brain Fitness.
The findings have exciting implications for conceptualizing and improving neuroeducation programs for children of all ages, and potentially for older adults.
The scientific team included other prominent researchers in the field of cognitive development -- Dr. Ellen Bialystok, York University, and principal collaborator in the study; Dr. Tom Chau, Bloorview Research Institute; and Dr. Glenn Schellenberg, University of Toronto. Artist-educators from The Royal Conservatory's Learning Through the Arts program conducted the experimental training with pre-schoolers, and George Brown College provided assistance in the earliest stages of software development for the training programs.
"These results are dramatic not only because they clearly connect cognitive improvement to musical training, but also because the improvements in language and attention are found in completely different domains than the one used for training. This has enormous implications for development and education," said Dr. Bialystok, Distinguished Research Professor of Psychology at York University and Associate Scientist at Baycrest's Rotman Research Institute.
In the study, 48 pre-schoolers four to six years of age participated in computer-based, cognitive training programs that were projected on a large classroom wall and featured colorful, animated cartoon characters delivering the lessons. The children were divided into two groups. One group received music-based, cognitive training that involved a combination of motor, perceptual and cognitive tasks, and included training on rhythm, pitch, melody, voice and basic musical concepts. The other group received visual art training that emphasized the development of visuo-spatial skills relating to concepts such as shape, color, line, dimension and perspective.
Each group received two training sessions of one-hour duration each day in classroom, over four weeks, led by instructors at The Royal Conservatory in Toronto.
Researchers tested the children for verbal and spatial intelligence before and after the training using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (Third Edition). The team also conducted brain imaging using non-invasive electroecephalography (EEG) which measures the time course of brain activity.
The verbal IQ tests assessed the children's attention, word recall and ability to analyze information and solve problems using language-based reasoning. Brain imaging enabled researchers to detect if functional brain changes had occurred related to the cognitive training.
When the children were re-tested five to 20 days after the end of the training programs, researchers did not find any significant increase in verbal intelligence or brain changes for the children who participated in the visual art training module. However, they found quite a different result in the children who took the music-based, cognitive training. Ninety percent of those children exhibited intelligence improvements -- five times larger than the other group -- on a measure of vocabulary knowledge, as well as increased accuracy and reaction time. The music group also showed brain changes that co-related to their enhanced cognitive performance.
"The results of this study strongly affirm the resonance between music and child development, and encourage us to think of music not just as a medium or tool through which treatment might be delivered, but as the treatment itself," said Dr. Chau, a Senior Scientist at Bloorview Research Institute and Canada Research Chair in Paediatric Rehabilitation Engineering.
The study was supported by a grant from the Ontario Centre of Excellence (to Sylvain Moreno) and a grant from the U.S. National Institutes of Health (to Ellen Bialystok). The scientific team also included research assistants Raluca Barac and Nicholas Cepeda of York University.
Other social bookmarking and sharing tools:
- S. Moreno, E. Bialystok, R. Barac, E. G. Schellenberg, N. J. Cepeda, T. Chau. Short-Term Music Training Enhances Verbal Intelligence and Executive Function. Psychological Science, 2011; DOI: 10.1177/0956797611416999
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.


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(Vizsla Dog Breed Story at Dog Grooming!)
Vizsla Dog Breed Story at Dog Grooming-The Vizsla is a Hungarian breed with a lengthy history. They were esteemed and adaptable hunters, known for their pointing and retrieving abilities. They are now well-known as affectionate, attractive, and energetic companions.
Is a Vizsla a good family dog?
Personality of the Vizsla…. Vizslas are generally regarded as kind, joyful, vivacious, loving, sociable, and clever dogs who make excellent family companions. They want constant human interaction and, as previously said, might develop separation anxiety if left alone for lengthy periods of time.
Related article: (German Shorthaired Pointer Dog Breed Story at Dog Grooming!)
What are the characteristics of a Vizsla dog?
Vizslas are regarded as bright, kind, and loving dogs with above-average learning abilities and a great desire to be around people. Although he is recognised for being biddable, some Vizslas may be obstinate, hyperactive, or timid.
What is the value of a Vizsla puppy?
A Vizsla puppy from a breeder costs around $1,000 on average. The majority of pups cost between $500 and $1,700. However, you can get pups for a lot more money.
What is the maximum amount of time I may leave my Vizsla alone?
We all adjust and meet the dogs' demands, as well as love and feed them well. If you are consistent in your training and exercising your dog in the mornings and nights, any dog can tolerate being alone for a work day. Vizslas are no exception. My dog is perfectly capable of staying at home alone for 8-10 hours.
Is it possible to keep a Vizsla in an apartment?
So, how do Vizslas fare as apartment dogs? Yes, most dogs can be fine apartment dogs if the owner has the resources to care for the dog's requirements, according to Urban Dog. Vizslas, as we've mentioned several times in this post, require a lot of cerebral stimulation and activity. They flourish in their owner's company as well.
The Vizsla has a long and illustrious history. Their origins are said to be as far back as the eighth century. The Magyar clans in Hungary were created about this period, and they required canines with stamina, speed, athleticism, and courage to help them with their hunts. As a result, they are also known as the Magyar or Hungarian Vizsla.
There's even a piece of artwork from the 10th century that depicts a Magyar tribesman, his falcon, and a dog that looks a lot like a Vizsla.
These canines were valued belongings of Hungarian noblemen as the ages passed. They proceeded to improve the breed's hunting abilities and disposition, resulting in the modern-day Vizsla that has captured the hearts of many.
Vizsla populations had plummeted by the late nineteenth century, and they were on the point of extinction. Because of the commitment of breed lovers, it was able to avoid this destiny, and its popularity has since grown again.
The first Vizslas came in the United States in the mid-twentieth century, and they were recognised by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1960. They are still a popular breed in North America and Europe today.
How to Care:
The Vizsla is a breed that is known for being flexible, loving, and energetic. They are ideally suited to a busy household with an active outdoor lifestyle. They have a lot of energy, and if they don't receive enough daily exercise and stimulation, they can easily get bored and disruptive at home.
They are known to be good chewers, so provide them with plenty of safe and interesting toys to play with.
They are superb agility dogs and thrive at competitive sports. They do well in scent work trials because to their hunting pointing and retrieve skills, and they are frequently wonderful water lovers. They are noted for their agility and stamina, and they like running. If you appreciate the sport of Canicross, this makes them a popular pick (running with your dog).
Vizslas are bright dogs who want to please their owners. It's critical to provide kids with adequate mental activity to keep troublesome behaviours at bay. They react well to positive dog training methods and, with the appropriate direction, rapidly pick up commands and training cues.
They have a deep relationship with their family members and are quite companionable. They are often sociable with people and other dogs and flourish in groups.
This does imply that if they are left alone too much, they may develop separation anxiety, and they are best suited to a family where someone will be there for the majority of the day.
They are a vocal breed with a proclivity for alert barking, howling, and other vocalisations. You must be careful not to unintentionally reward these behaviours, since this might lead to a problem. To keep their barking under control, always thank them for being silent and ask for an alternate behaviour.
Vizslas do not have a high grooming need. They have a short coat that just has to be brushed once a week to remove dead hair and keep it in good shape. They're also not renowned for shedding excessively.
Vizslas have a reputation for being a healthy breed. They do have some health issues to which they may be genetically prone.
You may lessen the dangers by finding a reputable breeder that does health tests on prospective parents, but some of the diseases they are known for include:
Vizslas are more susceptible to epilepsy-related seizures than the typical dog breed. This is an area where study is underway. Meanwhile, while there is presently no treatment, it is comforting to know that, while there is no cure, it is a condition that can frequently be adequately controlled with medicine and lifestyle changes.
Auto-Immune Illnesses: Vizslas have also been shown to be more susceptible to auto-immune diseases. Seasonal and dietary allergies are becoming more frequent. Vizsla Inflammatory Polymyopathy is a breed-specific illness that is currently being investigated. Muscle atrophy around the head, swallowing difficulties, and excessive drooling are all possible symptoms. The prognosis is usually excellent if this is detected early enough, since it may be treated with immune suppressant medicines.
Hip dysplasia is a condition that affects numerous breeds. It has something to do with the aberrant development of one or both hip joints. It's typically a progressive disorder, and surgery may be necessary in extreme cases to help preserve a high quality of life.
Diet and Nutrition:
Your Vizsla, like any other dog, should be fed a high-quality, portion-controlled diet.
Because of their deep chests, Vizslas are more susceptible to the life-threatening illness known as bloat.
It is suggested that you feed them at least twice a day rather than one heavy meal to help reduce the risk of this happening. Encourage them to eat more slowly using a slow feeder or interactive treat toy if they are prone to gulping down their food.