text:
Concrete is among the many universal building materials there is. You can use it to produce walls, develop roads, and is crucial part the most building and construction sites. Since concrete is poured one means and end up another, go that readjust in kind have noþeles to execute with exactly how much one weighs>
How much Does Concrete Weigh? Wet concrete and also dry concrete have various weights, however they room not that different. The amount of concrete you have is not going to change too much. Water is important to curing concrete, which makes it component of the included weight. The being said, a bucket that concrete, including the water necessary to start the reaction is going to be more substantial than the early bag that concrete the you deserve to purchase in ~ a store. Your ending an outcome is walk to largely be the same amount offer or take a few pounds because that evaporation that the water.
You are watching: How much does wet concrete weigh
With for this reason many species of concrete, it can acquire confusing to know if wet concrete is heavier than dry concrete or vice versa. Knowing how concrete is formed is the first step come understanding much more about the load of the product in different stages.
How much Does Concrete Weigh? Wet vs Dry
Depending on the region of the nation you live in, her concrete can weigh more, both dry and wet. The all depends on the aggregates that are put into the concrete and where they are mined. Northwestern areas of the joined States have actually some the the densest concrete in the country.
Since concrete is made up of various materials, no all concrete is going to weigh the same. The estimated weight that concrete is based on average weight. Straightforward concrete has an average weight the 116 pounds every cubic foot, but there is additionally lightweight concrete that have the right to weigh much less than 100 pounds or specialty concrete that have the right to weigh end 300 pounds for the very same amount.Reinforced Concrete Weight
Reinforced concrete is concrete the is frequently used for big scale construction. Reinforced concrete is produced using extr steel framing within the concrete to increase the toughness of it. Because of placing stole or comparable supports inside of reinforced concrete, the weight of the dry concrete is going to be higher than that of the wet concrete. Return the load is more, that is normally no an ext than five to fifteen pounds per yard.Lightweight Concrete Weight
Lightweight concrete is renowned for those who are looking for a lighter alternate to traditional concrete. That is easier for some building and construction sites come use; that is more flexible and also is wonderful absorber the sound and also shock. Lightweight concrete I generally made from an ext porous materials. The very porous formula can cause longer drying times, however the load of the concrete will certainly be reasonably similar. V lightweight concrete, you do need to be more hyperaware of overfill moisture, which have the right to increase the load of your concrete.
See more: How Long Is Salad Dressing Good After Expiration Date ? Salad Dressing
So, which Weighs More?
The actual answer is the they weigh pretty lot the same. The only factor to consider in the weight of both dry and also wet concrete boils under to a few factors. Where was it created, what type of concrete is it, and also how much water is forced in order to develop the essential consistency? learning the answer to these questions can aid you minimize the danger of having too lot concrete or too tiny for your project.
Since concrete maintain almost all of the water the is used throughout the curing process, water is going come be crucial element in the load of your concrete. With the mean cubic foot the concrete weighing anywhere between 300 pounds come 100 pounds relying on the concrete used, it can make all of the difference in your project.


Analyzes, instruments, and transpiles JS to help beginners.
Aether aims to make it easy for people to learn and write JavaScript and CoffeeScript by helping them catch and fix bugs, letting them see and more easily understand the execution of their program (like Bret Victor commanded!), and giving them tips on how they can improve their code. CodeCombat is behind it.
You can use the GitHub issues, the Discourse forum, the HipChat, or email Nick.
It's a JavaScript library (written in CoffeeScript) that takes user code as input; does computer-sciencey transpilation things to it with the help of JSHint, Esprima, JS_WALA, escodegen, and traceur; and gives you linting, transformation, sandboxing, instrumentation, time-travel debugging, style analysis, autocompletion, and more.
Devour for docs, demos, and developer discourse
The MIT License (MIT)
If you'd like to contribute, please sign the CodeCombat contributor license agreement so we can accept your pull requests. It is easy.


Re: Hilbert envelope bandwidth
Dear Eckard Blumschein:
Here are my answers to some of your questions.
'Who introduced the term Hilbert envelope?'
The name Hilbert envelope was given by Dennis Gabor. The Hilbert
transform was introduced into electrical
 engineering literatures by Yuk Wing Lee around 1930. Actually 'Lee had
a difficult time convincing the
senior MIT faculty at his doctoral defense of the validity of the
relation. Ultimately it was Wiener's
endorsement of the concept that allowed the work to pass and Lee to
receive his degree. (See Therrien's 2002
article in IEEE Signal Processing Magazine.)
'How to get it? Will it work in ASR?'
To get the Hilbert envelope, the Hilbert operator in the time domain or
halfway rectifier followed by low pass
filtering would normally be used. A more interesting and practical way
is to model the envelope by an
all-pole model.
Linear prediction in spectral domain (LPSD), a duality of linear
prediction, was developed by Kumaresan
and Rao (JASA 1999). In the mean time, Athineos and Ellis (ASRU 2003),
following the idea of temporal
noise shaping, proposed frequency-domain linear prediction (FDLP) and
applied it successfully to ASR first.
Even more improvement of recognition accuracy was demonstrated in their
most recent paper (Athineos,
Hermansky and Ellis in ICSLP-04), where linear predictive temporal
patterns (LP-TRAP) were introduced.
'Is it important for speech perception?'
In order to understand the relative importance of temporal Hilbert
envelope and fine structure, Smith,
Delgutte, and Oxenham (letter to nature, 2002) performed the famous
chimaeric sounds experiments
and concluded that the envelope is most important for speech perception
with increasing number of filters.
However, some of the technical issues in the design of the experiments
make their conclusion quite dubious.
Any comments are welcome.
Yadong Wang
Yadong Wang, Postdoctoral Fellow
Cognitive Neuroscience of Language Lab
Dept. of Linguistics
1401 Marie Mount Hall
University of Maryland
College Park MD 20742
-----Original Message-----
Dear Yadong Wang,
Perhaps, I am not the only one here who would like to understand how
Hilbert envelope differs from temporal envelope and what "temporally
flattened" does mean. I am aware of Dan Ellis and others who calculate
squared Hilbert envelope as squared magnitude of the analytic signal in
order to depict hearing as determined by envelope and fine structure
within a number of frequency bands. Smith, Delgutte, and Oxenham (letter
to nature 2002) even spoke of an 'alternative signal decomposition by
Hilbert slowly varying envelope and rapidly varying fine time
structure'. Who introduced the term Hilbert envelope?
I respect those who create new tools. However, I cannot confirm that so
many confusing redundancy in theory is really justified. Let's tear down
a lot of unnecessary sophistication after restricting to either really
elapsed time or time to come after a given point. In other words, let's
abandon the wrong belief that complex calculus must be immediately
merged with frequency analysis. Complex modulator envelopes, as demanded
by Atlas, Li, and Thompson at ICASSP 2004, are only then necessary
prerequisites of unambiguous demultiplication if Fourier transform is
used instead of cosine transform. Isn't it absurd to declare the
modulating signal non-negative but operate with unreal negative
Incidentally, misconception concerning band-limitation is widespread in
science. It even led to'measurement' of signals propagating with
superluminal speed.
Eckard Blumschein


Hurlingham, Buenos Aires
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
28 de Septiembre
Hurlingham is located in Greater Buenos Aires
Location in Greater Buenos Aires
Coordinates: 34°35′18″S 58°38′21″W / 34.58833°S 58.63917°W / -34.58833; -58.63917Coordinates: 34°35′18″S 58°38′21″W / 34.58833°S 58.63917°W / -34.58833; -58.63917
Country Argentina
Province Buenos Aires province flag.png Buenos Aires
Partido Hurlingham
 - Intendant Luis Acuña
Elevation 26 m (85 ft)
Population (2010 census [INDEC])
 - Total 60,000
CPA Base B 1686
Area code(s) +54 11
Hurlingham (28 de Septiembre[1]) is an Argentine city, capital of the Hurlingham Partido in the province of Buenos Aires.[2] It is located in the western part of Greater Buenos Aires.
Hurlingham has a long history that spans nearly 140 years. Since its founding, various ethnic groups have contributed to its history including those of British, German, Italian and Spanish descent. The city began with the foundation of the Hurlingham Club, a sports and social club created by the local Anglo-Argentine community, in 1888.
In December 1994, the municipality was formally created by Provincial Law Number 11,610. The town, located in the central-east region of Buenos Aires Province, is known for its green spaces, (golf research INTA, and the nearby Camino del Buen Ayre. In addition, the town is also known for being the youngest in Buenos Aires Province.
Hurlingham is located in the Greater Buenos Aires area. It is about 20 km from Argentina's capital city - Buenos Aires. It is bordered by the towns of Villa Tesei, William C. Morris, Buenos Aires and Ituzaingó Partido.
Origin of name[edit]
The Hurlingham Club was founded in 1888 by the English community in the area, following the original Hurlingham Club, founded in Fulham (United Kingdom). According to the history of the Hurlingham Club, the name was inherited from Hurlingham House, home of the club's founder, originally built by Dr. William Cadogan in 1760.
The town has three rugby clubs: Curupaity, Hurling Club and El Retiro. All are associated with the Unión de Rugby de Buenos Aires. The Hurlingham Club is a centre for British sports, including cricket, golf and lawn tennis (having some of the very few grass courts in Latin America). The club is also home to polo and is one of the foremost clubs in Argentina and the world.
The city is the birthplace of some of the main rock bands of the country, such as Sumo, Divididos, Las Pelotas and Gangrena.
Notes and references[edit]
External links[edit]


text:
MIT Open Course Ware for High School Students
Did you know that MIT offers a huge catalog of free online courses where you can earn certificates of mastery of a subject from MIT? They offer over 2000 courses ranging from Sciences & Humantities to Management & Engineering. Well, they also offer a course selection for teens looking to get a taste of what MIT has to offer, as well as help them prepare for their AP exams.
There are Introductory course recommendations for high school students that include multiple selections in:
- Computers and Electronics
- Foreign Languages
- Media, Music and the Arts
- Social Sciences
- Writing and Literature
Students can take the courses at their leisure through MIT Open Course Ware, and have other options available to them as well. There are exam preparation tools in the sciences to aid students in their AP test studies, High School Courses developed by MIT, and hands on opportunities like labs, competitions & demonstration videos.
Into building stuff? Take a course in Practical Electronics, Furniture Making or even Toy Product Design from the MIT TOY. You can also apply your skill in courses like Technical Design for Theatrical Scenery, or get a head start on your robot army with Introduction to Robotics.
Do you have a higher calling and feel a need to save the world? You can take courses based on MIT's continuing mission to develop sustainable solutions to challenging problems through design like demining war zones past and present, designing solutions for underserved communities, or discussing developing information technology in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Courses are also offered to help students become better writers. The courses cover technical writing, writing for the internet, short stories, and essays. These courses are designed to help students be on track as they enter the world of higher education. Courses, study materials from other courses and guides with writing tips and tricks are all part of this offering. Students will benefit from having the self confidence to communicate what they learn with their professors and fellow students, and by developing a critical communication skill as they grow into adults.
MIT's Outreach Database makes resources available to individuals and families to encourage children to learn science and math, develop their interest in inventing, study physical sciences, and broaden their horizons as they navigate their way through elementary and high school years.
So check out the what MIT has to offer your kids, and browse the course catalog for yourself! You may find something you've always wanted to learn about, or acquire a MIT certificate in a skill that will help further your own career!

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Here is a general implementation. It uses a templatized class, therefore it will get the combinations of any type of variable, not just characters.
The program takes advantage of the next_permutation algorithm and uses a set of bits to determine what to output. The way it works is that you call the NextCombination() function until there are no more combinations left.
I attached the full code, but I'll go over the main() function briefly:
All this does is initialize my vectors that will be used. The "elements" vector is a vector of all of the items I want to take the combination of. The "results" will hold the results of each time I get a combination. Note that the template allows combinations of char type. If I wanted to get the combination of integers, I change the type to (this is done by template magic).
int nItems = 2;
CombinationGenerator CG(elements, nItems);
This declares an instance of a CombinationGenerator class that will generate combinations. The first argument is the vector of all the items, and the second argument is the number I want to choose. For your case, it would be 2 characters. Also note that this is a templatized class that is based on "char", since the items are char items.
int nTries = 0;
// Output our results
int nSize = results.size();
for ( int j = 0; j < nSize; j++ )
cout << results[j] << " ";
cout << endl;
cout << "Number of combinations is " << nTries << endl;
I just call CG.NextCombination() in a loop. The arguments to NextCombination is the vector that will be used to store the next combination.
You should compile and run the program through a debugger. You will see that it will choose 2 letters out of 26 and output all of them. Again, this is a generalized function that will work with any type of data, not just chars. For example you can have a vector of complex structures (call it YourType), and if you want to take the combination of them, do the following:
CombinationGenerator(vector_of_YourType, number to_choose);
And call NextCombination() as I did in a loop.
Last edited by Paul McKenzie; April 21st, 2003 at 04:42 AM.
I changed the string to "ABCDEF" and the number of items to choose is 3. The number of combinations is 6! / (3! * 3!) = 20.
Here is the output from the program I posted:
D E F
C E F
C D F
C D E
B E F
B D F
B D E
B C F
B C E
B C D
A E F
A D F
A D E
A C F
A C E
A C D
A B F
A B E
A B D
A B C
Number of combinations is 20
I would just like to say that I found your sample for outputting combinations very elegant. I had not thought of using next_permutation on a vector of bools to provide combinations.
I was wondering if you came up with this yourself, or if it came from some book (and if so, what book did you find it in).
Actually, I learned this in my second Comp Sci. course I took in college. The original code was written in PL/I and there was no official name for doing combinations this way. Just something I also thought was elegant and unique.
For those who want to understand what is really going on, to get the combination of N things taken R at a time, my code creates an array of N bools. I then set the right-most "R" bools to "true" and the other N-R bools are set to "false".
Assume the array of bools is B and the array of original items is O. For each element "i" of the B array, if the value in B[ i ] is "true", you output the corresponding O[ i ] element. Once this loop is done, you have outputted one combination. The next step is now to take the array of bools and get the next permutation of bools. This will move the "true" values around in the bool array. You repeat the loop again, checking it against the O[i] array. Again, you will output another combination.
Combination of 6 things taken 3 at a time.
The O array consists of "ABCDEF" (the 6 items)
The B array consists of 000111 (the '1' is true, '0' is false)
Compare B for 1's:
The first combination would be ---DEF
Permute the bools:
The next combination would be ---CD-F
Permute the bools:
The next combination would be --CDESo basically, if you have the code to output a permutation, you also have the code to output a combination. For C++, the next_permutation solves the permutation problem. Then it's all a piece of cake to do the combination using the "marching true values" method (there, I made up a name for it)
If I would like to write it in C, how can i change it? This use of STL just works in WinConsole to test its algorithm.. i mean in case I want to do something in Borland Builder or something to simulate its flow...


text: We analyzed rainfall obtained in a network of 38 rain gauges located near the confluence of the Tapajos and Amazon rivers in the eastern Amazon Basin. We found that tipping bucket rain gauges work adequately in the Amazon rainfall regime, but careful field calibration and comparison with collocated conventional rain gauges was essential to incorporate daily totals from operational array into ... regional maps. Near-river stations miss the afternoon convective rain as expected as the river breeze promotes subsidence over the river, but paradoxically, this deficiency is more than compensated for by additional nocturnal rainfall at these locations. The 0.25-degree CMORPH passive infrared inferred rainfall data do an adequate job of describing medium scale variability in this region, but some localized breeze effects are not resolved. For inland areas away from the breezes, the nocturnal period precipitation contributes less than half of total precipitation. The large-scale rainfall increase just to the west of Santarem manifests itself locally as a 'tongue' of enhanced rain from along the wide area of open water at the Tapajos-Amazon confluence The breeze circulations associated with the Amazon River (which lies parallel to the mean flow) affects rainfall more than does the Tapajos breeze (normal to the predominant wind). The Tapajos breeze influence extends only a few kilometers inland east of the riverbank. Rainfall increases to the north of the Amazon, possibly the result of orographic effects. Dry season rainfall increases by up to 30% going away from the Amazon River, as would be expected given breeze subsidence over the river.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


one or more of the following.
Drag
Manipulator Values
Different manipulators will have you set different values to fill out. Rather than listing every possible combination, here is what each means individually. Each value type has the same meaning, regardless of Manipulator Type chosen.
If a value is connected to a dataref
Common Manipulator Values
 - Drag X - Length of X axis (meters)
 - Drag Y - Length of Y axis (meters)
 - Drag Z - Length of Z axis (meters)
 - Value 1 - Value 1 of the range of values over which a Drag Axis manipulator changes it's dataref
 - Value 2 - Value 2 or the range of values over which a Drag Axis manipulator changes it's dataref
 - Value 1 Min - Minimum for a 2D Drag manipulator's dataref 1 range (-x to +x)
 - Value 1 Max - Maximum for a 2D Drag manipulator's dataref 1 range (-x to +x)
 - Value 2 Min - Minimum for a 2D Drag manipulator's dataref 2 range (-y to +y)
 - Value 2 Max - Maximum for a 2D Drag manipulator's dataref 2 range (-y to +y)
 - On Value - On value for toggle (must match value of dataref)
 - Off Value - Off value for toggle (must match value of dataref)
Command Manipulator Values
 - Command - The command to fire when manipulator is used
 - Positive Command - Command to be executed when cursor is in positive region of Command Axis manipulator and mouse is being held down
 - Negative Command - Command to be executed when cursor is in negative region of Command Axis manipulator and mouse is being held down
 - Dataref 1 - The first dataref to be modified by the manipulator
 - Dataref 2 - The second dataref to be modified by the manipulator
 - Step - Dataref increment
Mouse Manipulator Values
 - Value On Mouse Down - Value to set dataref on mouse down
 - Value On Mouse Up - Value to set dataref on mouse up
 - Value On Mouse Hold - Value to set dataref on mouse hold
 - Click Step - Value change on click
 - Hold Step - Value change on hold
 - Wheel Delta - Value change on mouse wheel tick
 - Exp - Power of an exponential curve that controls the speed at which the dataref changes. Higher numbers cause a more "non-linear" response, where small drags are very precise and large drags are very fast
LODs
LODs - Four checkboxes that determine which levels of detail X-Plane should place this object. By default all boxes empty, meaning place in every LOD catagory LOD ranges are defined in the layer settings.
Override Weight
Weight - An int used to offset the order in which similar elements are written to the Obj, by default 0. Needs better desc.
Custom Object Properties
Objects can have custom properties (another name for attribute) as well. These will get written directly to the OBJ in the form of
Name - The name of the custom property Value - The value of the property Reset - OBJ attributes often come in pairs, such as ATTR_light_level and ATTR_no_light_level. An attribute may be turned on at the beginning of an object in an OBJ, and turned off (aka reset) in time for the next one. In the case of ATTR_whatever, if it was never turned off every object afterward would take on that attribute. The value for Reset will be written before the next object starts. Weight - An int. The larger the weight the later it gets written in the OBJ
Custom Animation Properties
Objects can also have custom animation properties. These also get written directly to the OBJ in the form of Name Value with no validation.
Name - The custom animation directive to be written out. ANIM_ is not prepended Value - The value for the custom animation direcitve. Weight - An int. Attempts to change the order of the properties, with larger numbers written later.
Object Conditionalization
Objects X-Plane 10 supports the conditionalization of OBJ files. Conditionalization is a process whereby the contents of a file are skipped or used depending on rendering settings. Typical uses of conditionalization are to change the appearance of an object when shadows are enabled, or when HDR is on.
Variable - A dropdown menu of "Global Shadows","HDR", and "Version 10x", "Global Shadows". Must Be On - A checkbox which, when checked, tells X-Plane this rendering variable must be on to draw the variable. If unchecked, it tells X-Plane this rendering variable must be off to draw the variable. Removing the conditional lets X-Plane make its own decisions.
results matching ""
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text:
The vegetation of recently fallowed Masakwa fields in the Chad basin
On the clay plains surrounding Lake Chad (West Africa: northern Sudanian and southern Sahelian zone), certain varieties of pearl millet (Sorghum bicolor), commonly referred to as Masakwa, are cultivated during the dry season. Recently fallowed Masakwa fields support a particular progression of pioneer vegetation. In the first year of fallow, the pioneer vegetation typically belongs to the class Echinochloetea colonae Wittig 2005 and can be classified as Hygrophiletum auriculatae sensu lato. Approximately half of the stands consist of the Hygrophiletum auriculatae Ataholo 2002 sensu stricto, whereas the other half is primarily composed of a Celosia argentea-Hibiscus trionum community. After two years of fallow, the vegetation is typically formed by the Sorghetum arundinacei Ataholo 2002, which, in a few cases, can also occur in the first fallow year.
The copyright of content in "Flora et Vegetation Sudano-Sambesica" is with the Institute of Ecology, Evolution & Diversity Chair of Ecology and Geobotany, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D - 60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany).


text:
In the Beginner Tutorial section, learn how to create new database records and enter information into a database fields. In the Advanced Tutorial section, how to import records from an existing database, navigate between records, update existing records, and search for records. In the Reference section, view a complete technical reference for each tag used to populate databases. In the Examples section, view an example for each beginner and advanced database population tutorial. In the FAQs section, read frequently asked database population questions.
Beginner Database Population Tutorials
Advanced Database Population Tutorials
Database Population Tag Reference
Frequently Asked Questions
[User Guide Main Menu] [Understanding MGI Menu] [Using MGI Menu] [Referencing MGI Menu]

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


KG49
KG49 Manuals/ FAQs/ Support
 - How do I grind coffee for an espresso using my burr grinder?
 Please see our tutorial video guide on how to grind coffee with the burr grinder.
 - What is the difference between the De'Longhi coffee grinders?
 There are two basic types of coffee grinder available: A blade grinder and a burr grinder.
 Burr Grinders
 Burr grinders use grinding wheels (pictured right) to crush coffee beans, which are adjustable for grinding from course grinds to very fine grinds. The fully adjustable grind control will depend on the machine you are using to make coffee, or the type of coffee you enjoy - course grinds are needed for filter coffee makers and very fine grinds are needed for espresso. The coffee only passes through the grind cones once so it preserves the flavour of the coffee. Burr grinders are generally seen as a more professional approach than blade grinders although they are more expensive. If you enjoy espresso coffee, paying a little extra for one of these is well worth it. Burr grinders are not suitable for spices.
 Blade Grinders
 Blade grinders (pictured right) use blades to chop up the coffee beans, rather like a mill jar. The longer you hold the button down, the finer the grind will be. They are less expensive than burr grinders although they can be noisier. This type of grinder can also be used as a spice grinder, although it can affect the taste if it is subsequently used for coffee without proper cleaning.
 De'Longhi offers both types of Grinder. For more information see _URL_
Where to Buy KG49


kids encyclopedia robot
Campanula wilkinsiana facts for kids
Kids Encyclopedia Facts
Quick facts for kids
Campanula wilkinsiana
Scientific classification
Campanula wilkinsiana is a rare species of bellflower known by the common name Wilkins' bellflower. It is endemic to California, where it is known fewer than twenty scattered occurrences in the Klamath Mountains and Cascade Range, and possibly the northern peaks of the High Sierra. It grows in temperate coniferous forest and mountain meadows. This is a perennial herb growing from a slender rhizome and producing an erect or leaning stem up to about 30 centimeters long. The plant is known to form dense colonies of many individuals. The thin, toothed leaves are between 1 and 2 centimeters long. The flower is bright blue to deep purple, funnel-shaped, and just over a centimeter long. The stigma is blue and protrudes from the mouth of the bloom.
This species was first collected by Lewanna Wilkins and named in her honor.
kids search engine
Campanula wilkinsiana Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.


The mortgage credit directive: tips for landlords The mortgage credit directive: tips for landlords
The mortgage credit directive: tips for landlords
Find out about the Mortgage Credit Directive, how it affects landlords in general and what your mortgage options are going forward.
What is the mortgage credit directive?
The Mortgage Credit Directive came in to force in March 2016 to ensure all states in the European Union (EU) make sure mortgage lenders apply borrowing rules uniformly.
Most EU states already regulate mortgages, but the rules vary and few lenders are active across borders. The new rules aim to open a European-wide mortgage market where borrowers can expect the same treatment wherever the lender is based.
Mortgage credit directive: what are the new rules for landlords?
The mortgage directive divides buy-to-let borrowing in the UK into consumer and commercial buy to let.
Consumer buy to let
This is a new mortgage concept for 'accidental landlords', which is defined as someone who didn't buy the property to rent it out but has done so due to their circumstances. These landlords generally have only one letting property, which they either inherited or used to live in.
The aim is to make sure new landlords can afford to take out a mortgage against a rental property. The directive lays out a set of tests defining an accidental landlord.
These tests cover where a borrower:
 - is taking out a loan to purchase a buy-to-let home for the first time
 - has already bought or inherited a home to rent out, but neither the borrower nor one of their relatives has lived there
 - already has one buy-to-let home rented out on a tenancy agreement
Commercial buy-to-let
A commercial landlord is regarded as a buy-to-let investor who already owns and rents out several homes.
The difference between consumer and commercial buy-to-let mortgages
Commercial landlords continue to have their borrowing treated as business lending. This means consumer protection rules under the mortgage directive do not apply to them.
Consumer buy-to-let lending has similar safeguards to other homeowners, such as access to an ombudsman to deal with complaints.
The main difference between the two lending categories is consumer landlords face a stricter affordability test.
As before, commercial landlords need to pass the 'rent cover' test that generally expects the rent generated by a buy to let to come to at least 145% of the mortgage interest payment at around a 5% interest rate.
Consumer landlords don't have to pass the rent cover test. However, they have to show they can cover the mortgage payments from their disposable income – much in the same way as they do for other borrowing.
At the time of directive's launch, the government predicted the new rules would impact around 11% of buy-to-let mortgage borrowers who are accidental/consumer landlords.
Why were these regulations changes brought in?
One of the key reasons for the consumer landlord rules is 'mortgage gaming'.
As buy-to-let borrowing has laxer underwriting rules, some homeowners have taken out buy-to-let loans and moved into the property because if they tried to take out a normal home loan they would fail the affordability tests. Mortgage gaming is fraud and the new measures are a bid to stop borrowers making false claims about living in a buy-to-let home.
The changes shouldn't bother landlords who already have two or more homes rented out. They will continue to take on new borrowing as commercial landlords.
Consumer landlords will move up to become commercial landlords automatically as they buy more homes to rent out.
In 2016, the Department of Communities and Local Government's English Housing Survey indicated around 20% of all homes in England and Wales are private rentals. That is more than 4.5 million properties.
According to trade body The Council of Mortgage Lenders, 62% of landlords own a single rented property. Only 7% own five or more homes to rent.
How does the mortgage directive affect landlords?
One potential implication of the mortgage directive is fewer accidental landlords may qualify for a buy-to-let mortgage because they will fail the affordability test.
Policies like the consumer landlord rules, cutting mortgage interest tax relief for higher rate taxpayers, and extra powers handed to the Bank of England to limit the size of buy-to-let loans look like a joined-up policy to rein in the market. However, the government has not commented to confirm this approach.
How rent cover impacts borrowing
Rent cover rules determine how much a landlord can borrow to buy or remortgage a rental home. Until January 2017, rent cover was calculated as 125% the monthly gross rent at an interest-only rate of 5%. If the monthly rent matched or was more than this, then the loan was generally approved.
Towards the end of 2016, the Bank of England ordered buy-to-let lenders to look at adjusting rent cover to 145% of the monthly rent.
This means many landlords are now mortgage prisoners as they cannot refinance their homes to a lower rate or raise any extra cash from a property.
Here's an example of how the rent cover change might impact a landlord:
A The property worth £170,000
B Monthly rent £750
C Interest only mortgage rate 5%
D Mortgage required £127,500
Could this landlord get a mortgage charging £750 a month on rent? Under the old rate of 125% Under the new rate of 145%
E Annual interest only mortgage cost (Row D multiplied Row C) £6,375 £6,375
F Monthly mortgage cost (Row E divided 12) £531.25 £531.25
G Rent required to cover mortgage cost (Row F x Rent cover rate) Mortgage Approved £664.06 Mortgage Declined £770.31
Under the old rent cover rules (125%), the rent supported the borrowing and the mortgage would likely be approved. But under the current rent cover rules (145%), the rent fails the test and the mortgage amount the lender would advance would be reduced. This would mean the landlord would have to find a larger deposit.
For remortgages, landlords failing the new rent cover test would have to pay down their mortgage to qualify for a cheaper interest rate.
In the worked example, the mortgage advance would drop by around £3,825 to £123,675 for failing the 145% rent cover test.
What are my mortgage options as a landlord?
Commercial landlords need not worry too much as mortgage borrowing should continue much as before the directive starts. Some other borrowers may face different borrowing rules.
Here's a breakdown of who it does and doesn't affect.
Limited company buy-to-let mortgages - companies are unaffected by the directive as their borrowing is considered commercial.
Homeowners switching from a residential to buy-to-let mortgage – these are likely to be treated as consumer landlords unless they already have a portfolio of letting property.
Changing a buy-to-let mortgage to residential – homeowners switching from renting to living in a former buy to let will have to follow the mortgage directive rules.
Buy-to-let mortgage first time buyers – first-time buy-to-letters will come under consumer buy-to-let rules.
Buy-to-let remortgaging for accidental landlords – buy-to-let remortgages will come under the mortgage credit directive. This may mean lenders will turn down applications from consumer landlords who previously qualified for a buy-to-let mortgage.
Holiday lets and second homes – mortgages for holiday lets will remain commercial borrowing, while those for second homes are personal borrowing and come under the directive.
It's also worth reading about mortgage interest tax relief when thinking about investing in buy to let.
Consumer landlords renting out a home they have lived in or inherited will face stricter borrowing rules and may find they cannot finance a property to rent without putting down a significant deposit.
Despite the European Mortgage Directive, commercial landlords should find financing buy-to-let homes business as usual, even though the amount they can borrow is likely to fall.
Blog Steve Sims
Steve Sims
Steve Sims
Added: 17th August 2017


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From the 'I didn't know that department':
Last week, I happened to find on my computer, a file I downloaded in late January entitled, Medical Tourism and Group Health Plans by Marcia Wagner, an ERISA lawyer in Boston. I am not sure when exactly Ms. Wagner wrote this article, but I was intrigued to find out what she had to say about medical tourism and group health plans.
Much of the first page of her article is basic information that is already known about medical tourism, and some of the data she presents may be debatable, but what I found on the second page was the most interesting part of her article.
The article was written in the form of a question and answer format, so the question at the top of page two, "Are medical tourism benefits taxable to participants?", was what I focused my attention on.
According to Ms. Wagner, any amounts paid by a group health plan for the hospital stay and expenses associated with the medical procedure are not taxable to the employee. However, costs associated with transportation and lodging are unclear. Ms. Wagner states that costs associated with travel are treated as medical care, as are costs associated with lodging (provided there is not an element of personal pleasure, recreation or vacation).
Ms. Wagner cites IRS Code Sections 105(b), 213(d)(1) and 213(d)(2) as proof of this. These sections can be found in the following two IRS documents: Publication 502 – Main Content and Topic 502 – Medical and Dental Expenses.
If the group health plan pays these expenses, Ms. Wagner says, then the payments would not be taxable to the participant. This would go a long way to get employees on-board with medical tourism, yet there is a catch to this as we will soon learn.
This assumes, she continues, that with respect to lodging, there is no element of personal pleasure, recreation or vacation. However, in order to be exempt from taxation, the lodging must be essential for medical care and the medical care must be provided by a physician who is licensed and providing services within the US. (Code Sections 213(d)(2) and 213(d)(4). Therefore, Ms. Wagner states, the cost of most lodging in a foreign country would most likely be taxed to the employee.
This is where some employers may decide it is too risky and too burdensome to bother with to save some money on expensive surgeries.
In addition, if a doctor prescribes an operation or other medical care, and the taxpayer (i.e., employee) chooses for purely personal reasons [Emphasis added by Wagner]to travel to another locality for the operation or other medical care, Ms. Wagner writes, then medical care does not include the cost of transportation or lodging (unless as part of the hospital bill). It is Ms. Wagner's opinion that any decision to travel to a foreign country for medical care would be considered by the IRS to be for purely personal reasons, especially if the participant receives a financial incentive. Here is where the catch comes in, as she states on the third page.
"Any incentives that group health plans or plan sponsors pay to participants electing medical tourism would be taxable to the participants."
Ms. Wagner goes on to state that costs for travel and lodging would be taxable to the participant; yet without any guidance, the taxability of transportation and hotel expenses related to medical tourism is unclear currently. Meals, however, are a different story, as they are taxable if they are not part of inpatient care.
Finally, Ms. Wagner discusses the issue of prescription drugs. She says that the cost of a prescription drug is not taxable to the participant if it is a drug or biological which requires a prescription issued in the US by a physician licensed and performs the medical service in the US. Therefore, any prescriptions issued and filled in a foreign country would be taxable.
Ms. Wagner's article goes on to discuss other issues with medical tourism and group health plans, but it would seem that the IRS has made it somewhat clear, if not yet definitive, that medical tourism under group health plans are taxable to the employee who elects to take advantage of this option offered to them by their employer. How companies currently engaged with medical tourism abroad for their group health plans are dealing with this issue is not exactly clear, and I have not found or heard of any company not doing so because of these IRS rules.
If there are anyone out there who does know how companies are dealing with this issue, it would be very informative to the rest of us. It would seem to this writer who is not a tax accountant, nor a tax lawyer, that until the medical tourism industry here in the US can figure out how to deal with this, they may find getting employers and their employees to choose medical tourism for health care will be difficult, if not impossible. Large employers may just pay the taxes themselves as a courtesy to their employees, but smaller employers may balk at doing so. And that is where medical tourism must look to attracting if it really wants to make an impact on health care in the US.
I'd like to get to know you better, so please complete the form below and let me know who you are, where you are from (country and city, please), and what you like about my blog.
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How does my computer know that it is connected to the internet ?
The answer is surprisingly simple for Windows computers. It attempts to connect to
NOTE: This address has been updated to starting with Windows 10, version 1607
If it receives a HTTP 200 (if it receives the text "Microsoft NCSI" in the file) then you are on the internet – if it does not receive this text then you receive the warning symbol on the network item in the system notification area.
So, if you don't have internet connectivity but need your computer to think you have for some reason (because a piece of sofwtare requires it for a lab or some toher reason) then yuo can simply create your own version of the abve site and file using your internal servers and DNS and fool your computers into thinking that they are indeed internet connected.
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Asphalt milling machine teeth are essential components of road construction and maintenance equipment. They are responsible for cutting and removing the top layer of asphalt pavement, preparing the surface for resurfacing or repair.
The efficiency and effectiveness of the milling process largely depend on the quality and design of the asphalt milling machine teeth we will explore the key features of asphalt milling machine teeth that make them indispensable for road construction and maintenance.
By choosing the right road milling teeth for asphalt and concrete with these features, construction professionals can ensure smooth and effective milling operations, leading to well-maintained roads and enhanced overall project outcomes.
Here are the features of asphalt milling machine teeth so that you will be satisfied that why you should go ahead with road milling teeth for asphalt and concrete:
One of the most critical features of asphalt milling machine teeth is the material used in their construction. High-quality teeth are typically made from carbide, a durable and wear-resistant material that can withstand the harsh conditions of asphalt milling.
Carbide teeth are known for their excellent hardness and toughness, ensuring they can handle the abrasiveness of asphalt surfaces without wearing down quickly.
The design of asphalt milling machine teeth plays a crucial role in their performance. Teeth with the right design can effectively cut through asphalt surfaces, maximizing efficiency and productivity. Common tooth designs include conical, flat, and radial patterns. Conical teeth are ideal for removing thick layers of asphalt, while flat teeth are suitable for fine milling and leveling. Radial teeth, on the other hand, are versatile and can handle various milling tasks.
Another important feature of asphalt milling machine teeth is their cutting width. The cutting width determines the amount of material the teeth can remove in a single pass. Wider cutting widths are preferred for large-scale milling projects as they allow for faster and more efficient milling. However, for precision milling or milling in tight spaces, narrower cutting widths are more suitable.
The tooth holder system is the mechanism that holds the milling machine teeth in place. It is essential to have a reliable and secure tooth holder system to prevent the teeth from coming loose during milling operations. Quick-change tooth holders are popular in modern asphalt milling machines as they allow for fast and easy tooth replacement.
The versatility of asphalt milling machine teeth is of utmost importance as it enables them to effectively tackle diverse asphalt surfaces and handle various milling tasks with ease. A wide-ranging versatility allows these teeth to mill through both soft and hard asphalt materials without any compromise on their performance.
Moreover, their ability to adapt to different weather and environmental conditions ensures that their cutting ability remains unaffected, guaranteeing consistent and efficient milling operations.
The abrasive nature of asphalt surfaces can cause rapid wear and tear on milling machine teeth. Therefore, good-quality asphalt milling machine teeth should have excellent wear resistance to maintain their cutting performance over an extended period. Teeth with wear-resistant coatings or treated surfaces are preferred for long-lasting performance.
The consideration of cost-effectiveness holds paramount importance in the selection of asphalt milling machine teeth. While teeth of superior quality may entail a relatively higher initial investment, their enhanced performance, and extended lifespan often translate to substantial long-term cost savings.
Opting for durable and efficient teeth can lead to a notable reduction in maintenance and replacement expenses, making them a wise and prudent investment in the long run.
Asphalt milling machine teeth are vital components that significantly impact the efficiency and productivity of road construction and maintenance projects. The features discussed above, such as material quality, tooth design, cutting width, tooth holder system, versatility, wear resistance, and cost-effectiveness, are essential considerations when selecting asphalt milling machine teeth.


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Definition of annelida :
A division of the Articulata, having the body formed of numerous rings or annular segments, and without jointed legs. The principal subdivisions are the Chaetopoda, including the Oligochaeta or earthworms and Polychaeta or marine worms; and the Hirudinea or leeches. See Chaetopoda.
- But A soon broke up into two principal stirpes, of which one, a, became the root of the Annelida, Echinodermata, and Arthropoda, while the other, b, gave rise to the Polyzoa and Ascidioida, and produced the two remaining stirpes of the Vertebrata and the Mollusca. - "Critiques and Addresses", Thomas Henry Huxley.


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Home » How a "Bad Bite" Can Cause Migraines and Muscle Pain
How a "Bad Bite" Can Cause Migraines and Muscle Pain
Millions of people in the U.S. suffer from chronic migraines.
Oftentimes, they haven't been able to find relief from over-the-counter or prescription medications.
At the most, these medicinal remedies only tend to dull the pain.
Why do so many people with migraines? And how can they find some real relief?
The answer to and remedy for this pain may actually be in their dentist's office. As nearly every dentist tells their patients – a bad bite can cause migraines and muscle pain. And thankfully, the dentist can help.
A Bad Bite Can Cause Migraines and Muscle Pain? Why Is That?
To fully understand how a bad bite can cause migraines and muscle pain, it's important to first understand what a "bad bite" really is.
What Exactly Is a "Bad Bite"?
When a person receives a bad bite diagnosis, what they have is a misaligned bite.
The adult teeth haven't come into the mouth properly, or they've shifted for some reason. It could be that they've lost a tooth. If this is the case, the surrounding teeth – including those adjacent on the opposite arch – will shift to fill in the space.
In this type of situation, the patient's teeth will shift into a bite that's not ideal. Teeth on the opposite arch can shift upward or downward to fill the space. And the teeth beside the space will shift forward or backward.
A patient who has a full set of crowded, crooked teeth also has a form of misalignment.
Another type of misalignment is when there are jaw bone issues. For instance, a patient could have a wide bottom arch and a narrow upper arch. This doesn't allow the teeth to fit together properly.
Why a Misaligned Bite Can Cause So Much Pain
Misalignment anywhere in the body can cause pain. That's one reason why people go to chiropractors. Their neck or back gets "out of place" and it causes pain.
The same thing can happen with a person's oral health.
When the teeth are not properly aligned, it puts strain on the muscles and tendons of the head and neck.
What would happen if a person's back went out and they never went to the chiropractor? Discomfort would soon turn into pain. And the continuous strain on the spine and muscles would only get worse.
Continued strain on the jaw joints (known as the TMJ or temporomandibular jaw joint) and muscles will result in more pain. Down the road, if left untreated, it can even result in deterioration of the teeth and jaw joints.
A Dentist Can Reduce the Pain a Patient Experiences
Migraines caused by a misaligned bite and TMJ Disorder can be excruciating and debilitating. Fortunately, there are steps they can take to not only reduce the pain but to prevent it altogether.
Dentists have a number of options for their patients who suffer from muscle pain and headaches. The remedies range from night guards and orthodontics to bite adjustments and new restorations.
Anyone who experiences head, jaw, and neck pain should see their dentist. Their dentist will help them find a TMJ remedy that will finally provide some relief.
Would you like more information about misaligned bites, muscle pain, and TMJ Disorder? If so, download our free eBook. You'll find out why you shouldn't keep suffering in silence.
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What is safeguarding and why is it important?
Safeguarding means protecting children and vulnerable adults' health, wellbeing and human rights.
There is a wide range of legislation and government guidance in place, such as the Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS), to ensure safeguarding is carried out properly and in the right places.
This includes voluntary and community groups, faith groups, private sector providers, schools, hospitals and sports clubs.
A safeguarding policy must stipulate details of the practical measures an organisation undertakes to protect the vulnerable groups it works with.
This might include a code of conduct detailing the type of behaviour expected from staff, and details of how they will be vetted to ensure their suitability to work within the organisation.
What is a DBS check?
DBS checks are usually carried out on anyone who works or volunteers with children or vulnerable adults.
Employers carry out DBS checks before allowing employees to work in a Regulated Activity with children or vulnerable adults to ensure they haven't been barred from doing so.
The DBS replaced the Criminal Records Bureau (CRB) and Independent Safeguarding Authority (ISA). It was introduced to ensure recruiters made safe decisions about who they employed.
Since 2006, all police records of arrest have been kept indefinitely on the PNC. This means anyone who is arrested for an offence has been recorded on the database.
Once the applicant's details have been cross-referenced, a disclosure certificate will be issued. This will contain details of any convictions, cautions, reprimands and warnings the applicant has.
How to get a DBS check
Individuals can only apply for Basic Checks on themselves – Standard and Enhanced DBS Checks must be done by their employer or potential employer.
The employing organisation can do this by registering with the DBS themselves, or registering with an umbrella body like uCheck who can provide them with a Basic DBS.
uCheck is registered with the DBS, which means we're permitted to carry out checks on people who need to be independently verified for their role or job.
A DBS check is essential for some roles, such as teaching or nursing, because of the groups of people these professionals work with.
It's not possible to fail a DBS check, but an applicant may be rejected for a role if the check reveals any information that suggests they're unsuitable for the position.
What is needed for a DBS check?
In order to complete the process, applicants must provide all previous addresses from the last five years, a passport or birth certificate and a current utility bill or current bank statement to confirm their current address.
How long does a DBS check take?
Once an organisation has registered with us, requesting a DBS Check via our online system takes just five minutes. DBS applications submitted through our system take on average 48 hours to be completed, though sometimes they can take longer. Our record is 61 minutes!
Get in touch today to find out how uCheck can help your organisation with the DBS check process.
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When this book first appeared in 1972, Karsten, a former naval officer, was taken to task for its portrayal of the Naval Academy and the officer corps. Although his conclusions riled more than a few senior officers, no one denied the significance of the study, and it was named Best Book of the Year by Phi Alpha Theta, the national history honorary society. The work focuses on the period after the Civil War when the United States emerged as a power to be reckoned with and its navy developed into a professional fighting force. This revelatory portrait of the officer corps in the late 19th and early 20th centuries has remained an important reference work for more than thirty-five years. This new edition includes a new preface and foreword.
Peter Karsten is a professor of history at the University of Pittsburgh and the author of many books, including the three-volume Encyclopedia on War and American Society.


Fixing Your Limit Switches
Testing and Fixing your limit switches
If any part of your printer will only move in one direction, the usual suspect is a break in the end-stop (limit switch) circuit. The 3 main causes are:
 1. A connector not being seated properly on the motherboard
 2. A wiring issue in the connector for the motherboard.
 3. A bad/broken limit switch (very unlikely)
Before doing any testing, make sure all of your limit switches are properly seated on the motherboard. If one limit switch, usually X or Z is situated improperly, replace switch in
Properly Seated
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Improperly Seated
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If you've got a multimeter, follow the directions in the next section. Otherwise scroll down to "Testing Without a Multimeter."
Multimeter Testing
 1. Grab your your multimeter and set it to the diode symbol. This setting tests whether a circuit is open or closed.
 flickr:_PHONE_
 2. Disconnect the offending limit switch from the motherboard
 3. Using the probes from your multimeter, test the outer contact points on the connector.
 flickr:_PHONE_
 4. If you read an open circuit (no response from multimeter readout), press wires back into connector with a small flat heat screwdriver.
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 5. Test for closed circuit again. If the multimeter reads a closed circuit, reconnect the limit switch to your motherboard and test all directions again. If you are still having issues, or the multimeter is still reading open circuit, contact moc.eldoodilos|troppus#moc.eldoodilos|troppus.
Testing Without a Multimeter
 1. On the motherboard, swap the limit switches from offending direction with limit switch from a working direction. e.g. If you can only move one direction in X, disconnect the X limit switch and connect the Y limit switch to the X location. Now try moving X in both directions, but DO NOT PRESS HOME!
 2. Disconnect offending limit switch from motherboard and press wire back into connector with a small flat heat screwdriver.
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 3. Replace all limit switches and test all directions again. If you still cannot move in all directions, contact moc.eldoodilos|troppus#moc.eldoodilos|troppus.
Unless otherwise stated, the content of this page is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License


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Reviewed by Sarah Haines
Science Education Professor
Often in elementary level life science, we focus on the mature stages of living organisms. Children learn to recognize them quite well, but they may not be as familiar with how the organisms got that way in the first place. For example, many children do not recognize larval forms of insects, but they can easily name adult forms.
This book is one in a series that focuses on the life stages of various living organisms. Written at approximately a fourth to fifth grade level, the text provides an elementary but fascinating look at the life cycle of a ladybug. The magnified photos are sure to attract the young reader as they gain an up–close look at the life stages and anatomical parts of the insect. These full page photos with captions support a large text so the books can be accessible to younger readers as well. The books ends with a very nice summary of the entire life cycle of the ladybug, from egg to adult. This full page outline of the organism's life cycle includes thumbprints to reference the photos in the book. There is a glossary, an index and several print and online resources. The books in this series would be excellent for supporting National Science Standard C: Life Science–Life Cycles of Organisms.
Review posted on 8/22/2012


Guaranteed Garden Services Adelaide
5 Gardening Mistakes You Need to Stop Doing!
Gardening is a fine art that should be approached carefully. When it comes to garden maintenance, homeowners usually learn through trial and error. Unfortunately, gardening mistakes are costly. They will cost you time, money, effort and maybe even your plants.
To help you avoid these costly mistakes, Guaranteed Garden Services provides you with professional garden maintenance services in Adelaide. With over ten years of experience, we have seen it all. These are the most common gardening mistakes we have come across:
Wrong Watering Technique
To water or not to water, that is the biggest dilemma in garden maintenance. Over-watering could drown your plants' roots and make them rot. On the other hand, under-watering could dehydrate the plants.
Watering at the wrong time of the day is also a common mistake. If you water when the sun is at its strongest, the water will evaporate quickly, and the water droplets on the plants will act as magnifying glasses for the sun, burning the leaves. The best time to water your Adelaide garden is either early in the morning or late at night.
With the harsh climate conditions of Adelaide, keeping your garden well-hydrated, without flooding it could be tricky. However, with Guaranteed Garden Services' custom-made garden irrigation solutions, you can rest assured your Adelaide plants will get the required amount of water at the right time.
Ignoring Weather Changes
Your Adelaide garden is deeply affected by seasonal weather changes. Some plants, like corn and beans, prefer warm soil, while other vegetables, such as broccoli and kale should be planted in the winter. Therefore, before choosing the plants you want for your Adelaide garden, make sure they are suited for that time of year and can withstand the local weather conditions.
Seasonal garden maintenance is also essential to prepare your plants for the upcoming weather changes. For instance, to protect your young or delicate plants from the windy winter days, you can cover them with a plastic bottle cut in half.
Poor Weeding
Chopping off the top of a weed is not considered proper weeding. To stay on top of the weed situation in your Adelaide garden, you need to uproot those weeds before they intertwine with the roots of your plants. Otherwise, you would not be able to differentiate between the weeds' roots and those of your plants.
Scalping the Lawn
Another common mistake is cutting the lawn too short, especially during hot, dry seasons. It could burn your grass and damage it. During the summer season, it is advisable to let your grass grow longer to keep it hydrated and moisturised.
Too much of anything is wrong; the same goes for fertilisers. Using the right amount of fertilisers will provide your Adelaide garden with the nutrients it needs to flourish. However, over-fertilising could kill your plants.
To help you avoid these mistakes and get the customised garden maintenance your plants need, call us now!


well with them, suggesting that language is important for social learning.
Parent-child interaction
The way that parents interact with their children and use language influences the children's social development. Responsive conversations, with organised give and take, contribute to social understanding. So do conversations about thinking, desires, emotions and intentions.
Parents with more advanced social understanding have children with better social learning. Parents who talk to their children more about others' feelings have children who do better on the false belief test. Authoritarian parenting, characterised by shouting and physical punishment, is associated with less social learning.
Earlier attachment
Children who have enjoyed secure attachment in their first year will tend to do better in the false belief test when they are five.
Mind mindedness
If a parent describes their child as someone with a mind, rather than just a physical being – so-called "mind mindedness" – and use psychological terms to describe their children, the children are likely to pass the false belief test at an earlier age. Hearing psychological terms used to explain and elaborate social events improves children's social understanding. A mediating factor here is the higher language skills of these children.
Social emotional development: the role of language
Language has been shown to play a very important role in the whole process of social emotional development in the early years. Advanced language skills are linked to better performance on the false belief test, for example.
Purposefully teaching children the meaning of mental-state words, such as know, think, wonder, and figure out, has a positive impact on understanding of emotion at age three and performance in the false belief test at age four.
The benefits of strong social emotional development: good relationship skills
Does a child who does better in the false belief test or the faux pas test have better relationship skills and a better social life with friends? The answer is yes. Such a child is likely to have better relationship skills, engage less in conflict, use more sophisticated arguments in response to others' perspectives and interests, have better close friendships, and be less likely either to bully or be bullied. Greater social understanding and relationship skills are not linked to premeditated proactive use of aggression, but they are linked to the more unthinking reactive form.
social emotional development
Photo: Shutterstock.
Some of these associations are small – for example, only 4% of the variance in peer popularity could be linked to difference in performance on the faux pas test.
Advanced social emotional learning: morality
Jean Piaget
In The Moral Judgement of the Child (1932/1965), Jean Piaget discussed children's understanding of the rules of the game and their judgement of bad behaviours. He proposed that morality emerges as children develop relationship skills with peers.
Piaget observed how children play with marbles:
 - At three years, children tend to be unaware of any rules.
 - Between three and six years, children are inconsistent about rules and their application.
 - From the age of seven, children understand the rules.
 - From the age of nine, children start to understand that rules are not simply handed down from on high, but are agreed by mutual consent.
 - From the age of 11, children master the rules completely and police them.
These are only approximate ages for the children Piaget interviewed. He thought that what is important in moral development are relationships of cooperation among equals. These are best suited for understanding others and working out a solution that is good for all. In contrast, within relationships of constraint, children have difficulty understanding others' perspectives, so these relationships are not well suited for moral development.
Lawrence Kohlberg
Lawrence Kohlberg took another approach. He maintained that the key to morality is not behaviour itself but the reasons that a person has for behaving that way. For example, not paying taxes could be a selfish means of cheating the state, or an unselfish stand against the way the state uses the money.
Kohlberg posed painful moral dilemmas, often choices about who should be allowed to die in a situation with two possibilities. He then observed how people respond to them.
He described six stages or world views.
 1. Might is right. Rules must be followed, and disobedience should be punished.
 2. Do to others what you would want them to do to you.
 3. Do to others as if they were yourself, with the perspective extending to family and friends only.
 4. Communities need accepted rules to prevent breakdown, and these should be broken only in the most extreme cases.
 5. Rules should be defined by fundamental human rights. The question should always be asked: are current rules and laws moral?
 6. Everyone affected by a rule should have a say in how that rule is put in place and implemented.
Kohlberg observed that most adults reach stage 3 or 4, and few reach 5 or beyond. He believed that moral development occurs as people encounter situations where the current rules break down and they are faced with new moral dilemmas.
Objections raised to Kohlberg's theory include:
 - People are not always consistently in one stage at a time.
 - Some cultures place more emphasis than others on social solidarity, harmony relationships and deep affection for others. This affects how rules are applied.
 - The stages are not necessarily hierarchical. There are very good people who help others in their communities and yet are at stages 3 and 4.
Morality versus social conventions
Not all rules are the same, and children learn this early. Some rules are social conventions – calling a teacher "Mr" or "Mrs", wearing a school uniform, how to hold a knife and fork. But other rules are moral, including those relating to protecting others from harm, such as not stealing or not fighting. Children as young as three years understand the difference between these types of rules.
Some have criticised both Piaget and Kohlberg for mixing up the learning of social conventions and morality. "Domain theory" holds that they are separate processes from the outset, though this idea creates the problem of rules that are somewhere in between, such as lining up and dressing in a way that may offend others.
 Carpendale J, Lewis C & Muller U (2018), The development of children's thinking: Its social and communicative foundations.


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Chapter 5: the eighteenth century world: economy century: a consumer revolution and an industrious revolution in most new england farm families outside. Why did the industrial revolution why did india miss the industrial revolution in the 18th century why did the industrial revolution first occur in england. In the late 18th century life the industrial revolution began to transform life in britain in the early 18th century england suffered from gin drinking. The financial revolution with only one truce of five years, england was which had been in charge of initiating supply bills since the 15th century. Overview: empire and sea power, 1714 britain already had a thriving economy in the early 18th century a land of liberty england 1689. Origins of the industrial revolution - 18th century and enterprise to financial woollens having an immense preponderance in england.
The agricultural revolution of the 18th century favorable financial institutes causes of the first industrial revolution: examples & summary related study. Professor frank o'gorman, review of english society _PHONE_: ideology, social structure and political practice during the ancien regime, (review no 41b. The financial revolution in england has 7 ratings and of government borrowing during the first half of the 18th century the financial revolution. Full text lecture that presents an overview of the causes and origins of the industrial revolution in england after the middle of the 18th century england was.
Conditions in early eighteenth-century required by law to furnish financial support to uprising in the wake of england's glorious revolution. Why did the industrial revolution start in 18th century the british financial sector in the 17th and 18th in england, the industrial revolution was.
The nook book (ebook) of the lectures on the industrial revolution of the 18th century in england by arnold toynbee at barnes & noble free shipping on. Economic and social conditions in france during the eighteenth century henri sée professor at the university of rennes translated by edwin h zeydel. The first industrial revolution financial capital for continued industrial growth century england title. Lectures on the industrial revolution of the 18th century in england lectures on the industrial revolution of the 18th century in england: popular addresses.
Thus many engaged in prostitution for financial why prostitution flourished in england in the 18th century british agricultural revolution in the 18th.
The 18th century saw the emergence of the 'industrial revolution', the great age of steam, canals and factories that changed the face of the british economy forever. As many as one in five young women were prostitutes in 18th-century london england's revolution sorcerers and prostitution at least offered financial. The restoration and 18th century and the restoration of the church of england as the power—an event known as the glorious or bloodless revolution. The empire of credit: the financial revolution in the british atlantic world, 1688–1815 daniel carey and christopher j finlay (eds) (irish academic press, €4950. Home / 18th century history / the empire of credit: the financial revolution in britain, ireland and america, 1688–1815. Economic history of england - 18th century - the industrial revolution the industrial revolution economic history of england, 18th century.


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Applied Legal History: Demystifying the Doctrine of Odious Debts
The most up-to-date version of this piece can be found in the Duke Law Scholarship
"Odious debts" have been the subject of debate in academic, activist, and policy circles in recent years. The term refers to the debts of a nation that a despotic leader incurs against the interests of the populace. When the despot is overthrown, the new government—understandably—does not wish to repay creditors who helped prop up the despot. One argument has focused on whether customary international law supports a "doctrine" of odious debts that justifies non-payment of sovereign debts when three conditions are met: (1) the debts were incurred by a despotic ruler (without the consent of the populace); (2) the funds were used in ways that did not benefit the populace; and (3) the creditors were aware of the likely illegality of the loans. Advocates of this doctrine, which was synthesized by Alexander Sack in 1927, typically cite two examples of U.S. state practice for support: the negotiations between the United States and Spain following the Spanish-American War, in which the United States repudiated Cuba's colonial debt, and the Tinoco Arbitration, which repudiated certain debts of the deposed Costa Rican dictator, Frederico Tinoco. Those historical precedents do not support the first condition of Sack's doctrine of odious debts, but do support the second two requirements. In addition to these two instances, United States history is rich with examples of debt repudiation by states. Those examples suggest a doctrine of odious debts that is broader and more flexible than the one written by Sack. Indeed, it may be appropriate to speak of the doctrines (not just doctrine) of odious debts.
Date of Authorship for this Version
odious debts, Alexander Sack
Ludington, Sarah; Gulati, Mitu; and Brophy, Alfred L., "Applied Legal History: Demystifying the Doctrine of Odious Debts" (2009). Duke Law School Faculty Scholarship Series. Paper 169.


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Shana Minkin focuses on the modern Middle East. Stanford University Press published her first book, Imperial Bodies: Empire and Death in Alexandria, Egypt, in 2019. Imperial Bodies used the British, Egyptian, and French archives to explore how the European imperial powers used the rituals and bureaucracy of death – in hospitals, funerals, cemeteries, death certifications and autopsies – to claim physical and symbolic space in Egypt. She is currently working on a project that uses an oral history of two Egyptian Jewish sisters (with family roots in Baghdad and Calcutta) who remained in Cairo post the dispersion of the community in the 1950s as its starting point. This book focuses on questions of memory and narrative in what she calls an internal diaspora, as these women were both firmly of Egypt and in diaspora from their Egypt.
Forschungsprojekt: Vera-fying History: Memories of an Egyptian Jewish Life
Chair, International and Global Studies, Sewanee: the University of the South (on research leave as of 2021)
Associate Professor of International and Global Studies, Sewanee: the University of the South
2015 - 2019
Assistant Professor of International and Global Studies, Sewanee: the University of the South
2012 - 2015
Assistant Professor of History, University of Massachusetts, Lowell
2009 - 2012
Visiting Assistant Professor of History, Swarthmore College
PhD, Joint Program in History and Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, New York University
MA, Honors, Jewish Studies, Emory University
BA, University of Pennsylvania
Imperial Bodies: Death, Governance, and Empire in Alexandria, Egypt. Stanford: Stanford University Press, November 2019.
Refereed Journal Articles
"History from Six-Feet Below: Death Studies and the Field of Modern Middle East History." History Compass 11/8. Pp. 632-646.
"Simone's Funeral: Egyptian Lives, Jewish Deaths in 21st Century Cairo." Rethinking History 16/1. Pp. 71-89.
"Documenting Death: Inquests and Foreign Belonging in Post-1882 Egypt." The Long 1890s in Egypt: Colonial Quiescence, Subterranean Resistance. Marilyn Booth and Anthony Gorman, Eds. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Pp. 31-56.
"Imperial Death and Belonging in Alexandria, Egypt," The Immanent Frame, Social Science Research Council (forthcoming). _URL_
"Shana Minkin, Imperial Bodies: Empire and Death in Alexandria, (New Texts Out Now)," Jadaliyya, _URL_
"Corona Correspondence #43," The Sewanee Review _URL_
"Vera-fying History: Memories of an Egyptian Jewish Life," Jews in Muslim Lands Workshop, Penn State University, online
Roundtable participant, "The Power of Bodies and Bones: Revisiting Death and Dying in the Middle East," Middle Eastern Studies Association Meeting, online
"'If you wish to employ Englishmen, you must do so at your own risk…': Hashish, Murder, and Boundary-Making in the Foreign Cemeteries of Alexandria," Middle Eastern Studies Association Meeting, New Orleans, LA
Chair, "Medicine, Life and Death," Middle Eastern Studies Association Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX
"Mourning the Imperial Dead in Turn-of-the-Century Egypt," Middle East Studies Association Annual Meeting, Washington, DC
"Who were the Arabs? Indigenous Hospital Patients as French Imperial Actors in British Egypt," French Colonial Historical Society Annual Meeting, Aix-en-Provence, France
Organizer and Chair, "French Colonial Rule in the Mediterranean," French Colonial History Society, Aix-en-Provence, France
"French Imperial Bodies in Late Nineteenth-Century Alexandria," French Colonial Historical Society Annual Meeting, Ottawa, Canada
"Dying to Be French: French Consular Death Registries in Late Nineteenth-Century Alexandria," Meditopos conference, University of Michigan
"Dying to Be French: French Consular Death Registries in Late Nineteenth-Century Alexandria," Mapping Nations, Locating Citizens, Humbler College with the International Festival of Arts, Toronto, Canada
"Vera-fying History: Memory and Archives of an Egyptian Jewish Life," University College Dublin
"Imperial Bodies: Empire and Death in Alexandria, Egypt," EUME Berliner Seminar


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Students who have been dismissed from the college for academic or progress reasons are dismissed from attending college for one semester. Those who have been dismissed more than once are dismissed for one full year (2 consecutive semesters). Students who are dismissed for the first time may be allowed to stay at COC on temporary probation and enroll in classes for the next semester if they choose to attend 4-hour Intensive Workshop.
The purpose of the Intensive Workshop is to actively involve students in:
Reviewing their academic record,
Learning effective decision making strategies,
Learning time management and study strategies,
Developing problem-solving skills,
Establishing an action plan to achieve sound educational goals,
Developing a support network.
There is no fee for this workshop.


Question: Which Flower Symbolizes Healing?
What does a sunflower symbolize?
What does a sunflower symbolise.
Sunflowers symbolise loyalty, adoration thanks to the myth of Clytie and Apollo.
And, because of their association with the sun, sunflowers are well-known for being a happy flower and the perfect bloom for a summer flower delivery to brighten someone's mood!.
What do lilies represent?
Each different variety of lily holds a different meaning. But the most common meaning is purity and fertility. The sweet and innocent beauty of the lily flower has given it the association of fresh life and rebirth.
What is a symbol for healing?
A snake coiled around a staff is a widely recognized symbol of healing. A snake coiled around a staff is a widely recognized symbol of healing. The staff belongs to Asklepios, the mythical Greek god of medicine.
What flower symbolizes hope and strength?
GladiolusGladiolus. Remembrance, faithfulness, and sincerity all are represented by the gladiolus. Their tall, strong stems symbolize a strength of character as well.
What flower means self love?
NARCISSUSNARCISSUS: Egotism, conceit, self love, self admiration, formality, stay as sweet as you are. Also known as the birthflower for December.
Do plants have healing properties?
Plants with healing properties Several are edible (as detailed below) and none of them is poisonous. Aloe vera gel inside the leaves soothes and heals the skin, and extracts from the plant are used in everything from shaving cream to sun lotion. … Both leaves and flowers are edible and can be used in salad.
What is the most resilient flower?
Resilient flowers for spring and summerSanguisorba 'Red Thunder' If you're looking to turn heads with something a little more unusual, this Sanguisorba is just the ticket. … Salvia nemerosa 'Caradonna' … Euphorbia charcias subsp. … Amelanchier lamarkii. … Hydrangea paniculata 'Limelight' … Alchemilla mollis. … Cosmos.Apr 23, 2019
What flower symbolizes happiness?
Pink Rose. The blush colour of these buds symbolises happiness, joy, gratitude and admiration. They are a favorite in bridal, thank you and congratulations bouquets..
What flower represents healing?
PeonyPeony have long been known for their healing powers.
What plant represents healing?
Aloe Vera: Healing and Protection Unsurprisingly, Aloe vera plants are usually associated with healing and protection.
What color means friendship?
What flowers symbolize friendship?
1. Yellow rose. The yellow rose is perhaps the best known flower of friendship.
What is the most healing plant?
Nature's 9 Most Powerful Medicinal Plants and the Science Behind ThemTurmeric.Evening primrose oil.Flax seed.Tea tree oil.Echinacea.Grapeseed extract.Lavender.Chamomile.More items…•Feb 28, 2019
What color means happiness?
Is there a symbol for joy?
Light is the symbol of joy and of life-giving power, as darkness is of death and destruction. … In our physical world we see things through the medium of light. In the symbolic world, we see not with light but with wisdom. Therefore, light is often associated with enlightenment.
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WPF Support
ReoGrid can work with both Windows Form and WPF. The core of ReoGrid works for both platform, there are independent view modules for rendering and handling user interface on each platform. The APIs of control that faced to user code are almost the same. User code that uses ReoGrid graphics interface for rendering custom cell or handling user event in cell can work on different platform.
Same one template file such as Excel or RGF that can display on Windows Form platform as well as WPF platform. Below are the results from different platforms that uses same template (order_sample.rgf).
As the result ReoGrid tries to keep almost the same appearance for different platforms.
Add spreadsheet control in XAML
Add ReoGrid DLL reference for target project, edit the XAML file of main window as below:
File MainWindow.xaml:
 x:Class="WPFDemo.MainWindow" Title="MainWindow" Height="640" Width="800">

Make sure the namespace is declared in the attribute list, then define a ReoGridControl tag inside Grid tag, run the application, an empty spreadsheet will be displayed in window like below:
In code behind, write code to call APIs of worksheet in order to set same example data and styles:
// get current worksheet instance
var worksheet = grid.CurrentWorksheet;
// get a range reference
var range = worksheet.Ranges["B2:C3"];
// merge the range
// set range styles
range.Style.BackColor = Graphics.SolidColor.LightYellow;
range.BorderOutside = RangeBorderStyle.BlackSolid;
// set range inner data
range.Data = "Hello World!";
The APIs of WPF edition is totally same as the Windows Form edition, see documentation for more details.
Load a template spreadsheet file
Set attribute LoadFromFile to load a template spreadsheet from file:
By run this sample the template spreadsheet will be displayed. It is possible to fill the data in a specified range by code after loading:
public MainWindow()
 grid.CurrentWorksheet.FileLoaded += CurrentWorksheet_FileLoaded;
void CurrentWorksheet_FileLoaded(object sender, unvell.ReoGrid.Events.FileLoadedEventArgs e)
 var worksheet = grid.CurrentWorksheet;
 var dataRange = worksheet.Ranges["A21:G35"];
 dataRange.Data = new object[,]
 {"[23423423]", "Product ABC", 15, 150, 2250},
 {"[45645645]", "Product DEF", 1, 75, 75},
 {"[78978978]", "Product GHI", 2, 30, 60},
Learn more about new features in 0.8.7.
One Response to "WPF Support"
 1. Vladimir Chernya says:
 Can you please provide the example of data binding to ObservableCollection if possible. Thanks.


Whose bones are these?
For today's prompt from Robert Lee Brewer's Write Better Poetry blog, write a question poem. There are a few different ways to come at this one. First, make the title of your poem a question and use the poem to answer it. Or make the title the answer and the poem the question. Or end your poem on a question.
Whose bones are these—
delicate as toothpicks
in last year's leaves?
Did anyone mourn this death
from natural causes—
probably violent?
Is there a motherless
pup, cub or kit
wandering these woods?
I feel the urge to dig
a small grave— the futile
gesture of a primate
who spends too much time
walking in cemeteries.
8 Responses to Whose bones are these?
 1. Cassa Bassa says:
 You walked in an archeologist's mind.
 Liked by 2 people
 2. JeanMarie says:
 And now I have "Circle of Life" from The Lion King in my head!
 Liked by 1 person
 3. Lisa Tomey says:
 write about these bones in a shallow grave, just so we can see there was a soul, when they unearth these remains-in your words, perhaps they will know that someone cared, enough to celebrate, the sacredness of life – that just came to mind and it appears that what was done, by nature, as was intended. Thank you for honoring this life.
 Liked by 1 person
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text:
Wildlife Damage Management
Brown Treesnake Research at NWRC
Trapping is central to the control activities carried out
on Guam, yet it is only one component of an integrated control program that
simultaneously uses multiple methods, and employs a sequential, strategic
approach for snake removal over large areas. NWRC scientists work closely
with other Wildlife Services biologists to design trap placement strategies
and to develop snake-trap attractants.
Several trap placement strategies (factoring in optimal trap spacing, plot dimensions etc.) have been applied to forested plots. Perimeter trapping, interior trapping, and boundary trapping regimens are all employed. Once snake populations have been reduced in an area, maintaining some strategically placed traps around the plot helps deter population recovery.
October 11, 2007


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The inter-agency* Building Innovation Panel (BIP) assists firms in expediting evaluations and obtaining regulatory clearance to use innovative methods, processes, technologies and materials in their construction projects. Beyond raising productivity, these innovative solutions should improve Singapore's built environment to meet our Construction Industry Transformation Map objectives.
* Agencies include BCA, LTA, MOM, NEA, PUB, SCDF, and URA. In addition, non-regulatory agencies, HDB and JTC, are included to provide user perspective during evaluation.
The BIP aims to:
- Identify innovative technologies – This includes tracking new innovations, and conducting focus group discussions with the construction industry to identify trends and promote adoption of innovations.
- Support innovative technologies – Support will be rendered across the value chain, from upstream research to technology deployment. For example, BIP can help match inventors of promising new construction innovation with a progressive builder/developer, so that it can be implemented in an actual project and eventually, across the industry.
- Be a platform for multi-agency regulatory approval – Enables multiple agencies' evaluation and approval of innovative solutions to be expedited. These solutions should lead to at least 20% improvement in productivity/sustainability and/or demonstrate good potential to significantly improve the built environment.
Steering committee and work streams
The Steering Committee, comprising of representatives from the Trade Associations and Chambers (TACs), will give broad strategic directions for innovation in construction and align construction technology development to the objectives of the Construction Industry Transformation Map (ITM)
It will be supported by 3 work streams:
- Technology Assessment Committee – Focuses on innovations that are ready for implementation in projects and their regulatory approval. Assist firms in expediting multi-agency evaluation of innovative methods, sustainable materials and technologies.
- Research & Innovation Committee – Focuses on innovations requiring further research and development. Conducts proactive scanning and identification of construction innovations, oversees research of construction innovations, and develops new or enhanced regulatory codes to enable adoption of innovations.
- Inter-Agency Coordinating Committee – Helps to resolve any regulatory conflicts among government agencies that may arise from the use of innovative solutions in a project.
Submissions are evaluated based on:
- Level of innovation
- Impact on construction productivity of the materials, methods or processes
- Sustainable materials or technologies leading to environmentally friendly construction
Once the submission has been accepted, the BIP Secretariat will expedite resolution of outstanding issues between the applicant and respective authorities and agencies.
In Principle Acceptance (IPA) certificates
A certificate of In Principle Acceptances (IPA) will be granted to the innovative solutions (design, products, materials or processes) which have been accepted by the relevant authorities and agencies. The certificate also accords fast track status to subsequent regulatory submissions involving the use of the accepted innovative solutions.
List of innovative solutions have been granted In Principle Acceptance for use in Singapore projects:
- Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction (PPVC) System
- Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) / Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam)
- Prefabricated Bathroom Units (PBU)
How to apply
To request assistance, submit the following to BIP:
- A set of completed application form
- Documentary evidence of compliance with codes of practice (Singapore or overseas)
- Track record of overseas implementation
- Material or product specifications
- Quality certifications or test reports by accredited laboratories
- Calculation of natural aggregates savings (in tonnes) based on proposed % replacement (only applicable for sustainable construction materials)
- Any other relevant information.
Please refer to the checklist for the specific documentation required by individual government agencies for the above-mentioned item (b) to (f).


text:
Describe the symptoms of the brain damage and consequences in one point in time e.g. three months after the brain damage, one year after brain damage.
Neuropsychology and Neuro-rehabilitation: Hemi-spatial Neglect
The reflective essay question is:
- In a hypothetical scenario, imagine how your life would be affected if you have suddenly developed hemi-spatial neglect.
The way the reflective essay should be structured (please make sure to read carefully!)
You need to relate neuropsychological symptoms to brain dysfunction. The essay needs to be divided into 2 sections:
1) "Reflective section" (around 250 words, excluding references – which is worth 25% of the essay mark)
2) "Analytical section" (around 750 words, excluding references– which is worth 75% of the essay mark)
– "Reflective section" of essay (250 words):
*in this section, please describe the symptoms of the brain damage.
*ONLY describe the attentional loss symptoms
*You need to describe the consequences of such a loss on your own everyday life and social life in general (being a 23y.o female student).
*Only describe the symptoms of the brain damage and consequences in one point in time e.g. three months after the brain damage, one year after brain damage.
*Accounts of possible everyday and social life problems WITHOUT a good scientific foundation for the predictions will NOT be considered a good essay and will not receive a high mark (so please make sure you do include a strong scientific foundation).
*It is very important to make sure to read SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES to write this reflective account.
*You do not have to cite articles in this first 250 word reflective section. You may include the references.
*Like any academic essay, a reflective section needs a THESIS STATEMENT, a sentence placed near the beginning that gives an overview of what you will be discussing, please make sure to include that.
*One way to structure the reflective section is by previewing your experience and how you changed as a result.
– "Analytical section" of the essay (750 words):
*In this sections, you NEED to evaluate both:
1) The brain areas involved in the impairment. (i.e attentional loss)
2) The type of impaired neural process involved
*PLEASE MAKE SURE TO:
– provide EVIDENCE for damage to particular brain areas leading to impaired neural processing.
– provide references for EVERY citation within the text – omissions will be penalized!!
– make sure to critically evaluate key evidence for brain damage to particular brain areas leading to impaired neural processing in memory or emotion.
– THE CRITICAL EVALUATION SHOULD HIGHLIGH CONTOVERSIES AND CONTRADICTIONS IN THE KEY LITERATURE!!
When you write this essay, please make sure that there is a clear link between your arguments and the evidence you used to support this argument. You may use quotations if it is appropriate but do no over use them, you should make sure that you are able to demonstrate that you have understood the research youself, and are able to put it in your own words.
Please make sure you always acknowledge opinions which do not agree with your argument. If you ignore opposing viewpoints, the argument will be weaker. And please make sure to use strong scientific evidence preferably up to date when writing this essay.
Please make sure that you have read everything that I have mentioned above really CAREFULLY, as it will make sure the essay is done correctly.
Thank you very much and I hope you will be able to do an excellent job on this.?
Here are some frequently asked questions about the reflective essay that my university provided me with. Please do make sure to read it because if you have any questions it might answer it for you, and it does give a few good points on writing the essay. I will be copying and pasting it below:
*Do I have to stick to the word limit?
- Please adhere to the word limit +/-10% -so a maximum of around 1100 words.
- Please put the word count at the bottom of the paper.
- You can EXCLUDE references from the word count
- The number of words in the reflective section does not have to be EXACTLY 250 wordsit can be a little less if that helps with the essay.
- The word count is set by the university; we cannot alter it.
*Do I have to stick to only 14 references?
- You can use more than 14 references if you need to
*I have never written anything reflective before – what does it mean?
- Within this essay, reflective writing means looking back (reflecting) on an event..
- ONLY for those of you who are still stuck, here are some suggestions only for what you might want to consider in the reflective section.
- What happened (one sentence only)?
- What is most important / interesting
- What have I learned from this?
- What does this mean for my future?
*How detailed and accurate does the cause of the accident have to be?
- One sentence is enough e.g. car accident or stroke. Do not worry about how likely that particular brain damage is to result following the incident. Please do not describe degenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease or Alzheimer's disease!
*How can I write an essay if I am pretending to have brain damage?
- You do not have brain damage in the analytical account. Please write objectively in the third person
*How detailed does the specification of the brain area have to be? Can I choose a large area such at the pre-frontal cortex (PFC)? Do I have to choose a small area?
- It is very important that the brain area you choose is consistent with the symptoms you have described in the reflective section and that you evaluate evidence to support this (in the form of previous studies)
- It is possible to choose a large area such as the parietal lobe, pre-frontal cortex or orbitofrontal cortex as an area of brain damage. However you will find easier to critically evaluate a controversy or demonstrate understanding by choosing a specific parts of the parietal lobe or pre-frontal cortex.
*How much critical evaluation do I need to provide?
- An excellent essay must demonstrate a sophisticated understanding of and critical engagement with one or more aspect of attention/executive function or neural processes involved in the brain area you have chosen. Given the word limit you are strongly advised to stick to ONE aspect only or, at most two. So rather than evaluating a little of all types of attention/executive dysfunction involved in your chosen brain area focus on one or two and evaluate this.
*Do I need to mention all the other aspects of attention or executive function that my chosen part of the brain is involved in?
- Yes, list them in a sentence and explain that the essay will focus on one or two. You need to do this as part of demonstrating breadth of knowledge. No need to define each one.
*How much anatomy must I include?
- One sentence to explain the relationship to other relevant brain areas will be useful.
*How important is it to critically evaluate a controversy in the literature?
- This is very important.
- This is deliberately designed to test your level of understanding of the literature. The area of controversy/ evaluation of the literature will vary from topic to topic –we are testing your ability to integrate and evaluate different information. It could be at the level of evaluation key studies/theories/evaluating contradictory findings/unknown issues.
- This part of the analysis is essential for obtaining a good essay-if you do not have space, try to limit other parts of the essay
*Do I need to talk about different brain areas
- We expect that you will bring in other brain areas-the brain is highly interconnected. This may be very important in your critical evaluation
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