Extracting meaning from text of recipe ingredients
A unsupervised approach to extracting core tokens from text (specifically the base of an ingredient description).
A few months ago, I wrote my first post using R, which performed a basic analysis on data scraped from Allrecipes.com. At the time, I wanted to group recipes by their ingredients, but found it difficult due to the way Allrecipes formats each recipe's ingredient list. So I set myself the challenge of extracting the core of each ingredient description.
The Problem:
Determine each ingredient's core without supervision
The Constraints:
 - No dictionary of ingredients to make the problem easier
 - No manually tagging a subset of ingredients
Simplifying Assumptions:
 - Each ingredient can be represented by a single word
Unfortunately the simplifying assumption means that pepper, to taste and 1 green bell pepper, diced will both be associated with the same core of pepper, but I found that to make an incredible difference in helping lower the problem's difficulty.
This is similar to a "most representative subset" problem.
Two approaches are detailed in this post:
 1. Using a linear program to choose the appropriate tokens
 2. Using an iterative "learning" approach to choose the appropriate tokens
Note the first method was unsuccessful, while the second proved more successful.
Also note that these are only two of the many methods I attempted. Some were lost in a hard drive failure, and others were just… the worst.
Data acquisition
I scraped recipes from Allrecipes.com using Selenium, a tool that opens and controls a web browser programatically. A blog post about the scraping is available here.
Data cleaning
First, transforming the output of scraping into a series of ingredients.
# import data
df = pd.read_csv("scraped_data.csv", index_col=0)
df = df[df['ingredients'].notna()]
# unstack each row's ingredients into a single entry in a series of ingredients
df.set_index('recipe_key', inplace=True)
ingredients = df['ingredients'].apply(pd.Series).stack()
ingredients.index = ingredients.reset_index().apply(lambda row:"{}_{}".format(row['recipe_key'], row['level_1']), axis=1).values
Now, what we have looks like:
1 red bell pepper, julienned
1/2 cup heavy cream
1/3 cup firmly packed brown sugar
1/4 cup mango chutney
32 fluid ounces Kentucky bourbon
1/2 cup chopped peanuts
2 tablespoons milk
1/2 teaspoon garlic salt
2 cups thinly sliced red cabbage
The next step is to clean the strings.
My theory was that most ingredients are formatted as follows:
# unit adjective noun, adjective (misc. extra information) - adjectives conjunctions adjectives
Cleaning will include removing digits/anything inside parenthesis, and using lemmatization to combine plurals.
def parse_text(s):
 Accepts a series of strings, and applies multiple cleaning steps. Returns a series of strings.
 from nltk.stem import WordNetLemmatizer
 wnl = WordNetLemmatizer()
 def lemmatize(string):
 for word in re.findall(r"[a-z]+", string):
 string = string.replace(word, wnl.lemmatize(word, 'n') if's' in word[-3:] else word)
 return string
 # remove anything inside paranthesis
 s = s.apply(lambda x:re.sub(r"\([^\)]+\)", '', x))
 # remove anything containing a digit
 s = s.apply(lambda x:re.sub(r"\S*\d\S*", '', x))
 # make everything lowercase
 s = s.str.lower()
 # remove plurals where possible
 s = s.apply(lemmatize)
 # remove non-word characters except for, and -
 s = s.apply(lambda x:' '.join(re.findall(r"[-,''\w]+", x)))
 _TAG_ excess whitespace
 s = s.apply(lambda x:re.sub(r"\s+",'', x).strip())
 # only keep entries with data after cleaning
 s = s[s!='']
 return s
Looking at a few sample strings:
30 (2 inch) unbaked tart shellsunbaked tart shell
1 (16 ounce) package uncooked linguine pastapackage uncooked linguine pasta
4 cups all-purpose flourcup all-purpose flour
2 lemons, juicedlemon, juiced
1 pound medium shrimp - peeled and deveinedpound medium shrimp - peeled and deveined
All we have to do now is choose the token (word) that represents each full string.
First Approach (miserable failure)
The first attempt relied on an integer program. If you're unfamiliar with linear (and by extension, integer) programs, check out wikipedia's entry on the subject here.
Generic Formulation (in math):
Formulation (in English):
Choose a subset of tokens (\(x\)) to designate as "core" tokens
With the goal of minimizing the cost of these selected "core" tokens (\(C^T x\))
Subject to:
 - every ingredient must contain at least one "core" token (\(Ax \leq b\))
 - every ingredient must contain two or fewer "core" tokens (\(Ax \leq b\))
 - every entry in \(x\) is binary (associated token is either "core" or is not "core")
First, the constraints: simply using scikit-learn's CountVectorizer implementation, we can obtain a matrix that looks like:
In this toy example, token_0 appears in ingredient_1, while token_1 appears in both ingredient_0 and ingredient_1.
Implementation is easy:
def get_A_matrix(s):
 '''Apply CountVectorizer and only retain tokens that are alphabetic.'''
 from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import CountVectorizer
 model = CountVectorizer(binary=True, stop_words=None, ngram_range=(1, 1),
 tokenizer=lambda x:nltk.word_tokenize(x))
 data = pd.DataFrame(model.fit_transform(s).todense(), index=s.index, columns=model.get_feature_names())
 return data.loc[:, [x.isalpha() for x in data.columns]]
Now, each row of A is a representation of each ingredient description, which we can use to force the linear program to choose at least one token for each ingredient.
More complicated is the penalties. For each token, we need a penalty associated with choosing that particular token as a "core" ingredient.
I decided to penalize 4 things. If a token:
 1. appears after certain strings (usually punctuation), or
 2. appears as the first token in an ingredient, or
 3. appears earlier in an ingredient, or
 4. has a certain part of speech,
it should be "more expensive". Each penalty gets its own weight, usually passed as a dictionary.
The colossal function to find these penalties for each token looks like:
def penalties(processed, pos_dict, split_dict, desc_penalty, first_penalty):
 Returns penalties for each token in processed, penalizing those that appear after strings in split_dict,
 those that appear first in a string with first_penalty, those that appear earlier in strings with desc_penalty,
 and those with parts of speech in pos_dict.
 def get_split_penalties(processed, split_string):
 '''Penalizes tokens that appear after split_string.'''
 s = pd.Series()
 for lst in processed[processed.str.contains(split_string)].apply(lambda x:x.split(split_string)).values:
 for index, section in enumerate(lst):
 for token in nltk.word_tokenize(section):
 s = s.append(pd.Series({token:index/(len(lst)-1)}))
 return s.groupby(s.index).mean().rename(split_string)
 def get_pos_penalties(processed, pos_dict):
 '''Penalizes tokens with {part_of_speech:penalty} given by pos_dict'''
 pos_probs = pd.Series({x:nltk.pos_tag([x])[0][1] for x in set(nltk.word_tokenize(' '.join(processed)))}).apply(lambda x:x[:2])
 pos_probs = pd.get_dummies(pos_probs[[x.isalpha() for x in pos_probs.index]])
 for key, prob in pos_dict.items():
 pos_probs[key] = pos_probs[key]*prob
 return pos_probs.max(axis=1).rename('POS')
 def order_penalties(processed, first_penalty, desc_penalty):
 '''Penalizes tokens that appear earlier in strings'''
 from collections import defaultdict
 indices_dict = defaultdict(list)
 for string in processed:
 words = nltk.word_tokenize(string)
 for ind, word in enumerate(words):
 if ind==0:
 return pd.Series({key:np.mean(val) for key, val in indices_dict.items()}).rename('order')*desc_penalty
 # return sum of penalties
 c_T = pd.concat([get_pos_penalties(processed, pos_dict),
 order_penalties(processed, first_penalty, desc_penalty),
 pd.concat([get_split_penalties(processed, key)*value for key, value in split_dict.items()],
 axis=1, sort=True)
 ], axis=1, join='outer', sort=True).sum(axis=1)
 return c_T[[x.isalpha() for x in c_T.index]]
If your eyes just glazed over, that's normal. Suffice to say the result of penalties(**args) is a series, where the index is a single token (word), and the value is the penalty assigned to it, given **args. A larger penalty means the word should be


text:
Solar Power - Mobile and Modular
Earthsafe Solar Power Systems are designed for 10 - 100 kW mid-range solar power installations. These are commercial and industrial systems larger than residential but smaller that utility systems.
High Reliability is built into our systems to include battery storage for 24 hour power, plus an auxiliary generator to supplement battery charging or directly power loads in emergency.
Designed and Built for Mobility and Adaptive Use:
Earthsafe Solar is designed and built for fast setup and use at specialized site with minimal site preparation or utility requirements. This makes them ideal systems for:
- Special Event Support
- Remote Telecom and Monitoring Facilities
- Back-Country Base Camp
- Humanitarian Response
Systems are designed with the following adaptive modular elements:
Modular Solar Systems for Adaptive Use
Earthsafe Solar Consists of 5 Modular Elements:
- ESM 10 Solar Panel Tracking Arrays
- ESM 20 Solar Power Battery Module
- ESM 30 Solar Power Management Module
- ESM 40 Power Distribution and Cable Module:
- ESM 50 Auxiliary Power Generator Module:
ESM 10 Solar Panel Tracking Arrays
Earthsafe ESM10.15 is a solar mobile modular array of 4 panels generating 1500 Watts of power. The array tracks the sun transit across the day providing up to 30% more efficiency than fixed array systems. Each array has power aggregation and connection panels for networking to other solar arrays and delivering power to the solar power management modules. Each array folds into itself and packs into a transport module for fast deployment to sites.
ESM 20 Solar Power Battery Module
Earthsafe ESM20 is a solar mobile modular storage system rated at 25, 50, 75, and 100 kWh nominal capacity. The weatherproof coated aluminum storage unit includes accessory equipment for safe operation and monitoring of the battery array. The battery storage module integrates with Earthsafe solar arrays, generator module, and solar power management modules.
ESM 30 Solar Power Management Module
The Earthsafe ESM30 Solar Control and Monitoring Module optimizes the solar collection and conversion and monitors energy load use for efficiency and safety. The SC90 Controller is a PLC based controller with Color Touch-Screen HMI interface and advanced communications. The unit:
- Controls and Monitors Solar Array Tracking
- Optimizes Solar Array String Output
- Manages and Monitors Storage Battery Functions
- Manages Grid Connections
- Manages Auxiliary Power Generator Functions,
- Communicates Remotely to Cloud Systems
ESM 40 Power Distribution-Cabling Module
The Earthsafe ESM40.100 is a power distribution and cable management system within a modular weatherproof enclosure. The system is designed for 100A Photo-Voltaic energy collection with safety disconnects and circuit breakers. Up to 4 cable reels of 100 feet cable length connect solar arrays to the system. On the load side the unit safely distributes 120 / 208 VAC power for use through up to 4 reels of 100 feet cable connected to hi-safety portable distribution boxes.
ESM 50 Auxiliary Power Generator Module
The Earthsafe ESM50.10 is an Auxiliary Power Generator to maintain power service and battery charge to backup the solar power inputs. The compact generator is within a compact sound attenuated (to 68 dB) enclosure. It is diesel powered for safe onsite fuel storage up to 8 hours run time. Clean air design assures Tier 4 emissions compliance. The enclosure includes transfer switching, cables, and control system for integration into the Earthsafe Solar Management Panel.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


x10.
Setting these values will affect the actual game. Keep in mind that the stage doesn't end until she crosses the finish line, so setting the values too low will cause her to take a very long time to finish the race. To put her at an easily beatable speed but still finish in a reasonable time, you can use these settings as an example:
Tools Menu Technical
The code for the debug tools menu is located at 0x0A48E0 but is unreferenced.
As we'll see with the Debug Monitors below, practically every piece of program code is modularized as a task and given a human readable text identifier. This makes working with the disassembly far less painful than usual, as there is nothing more helpful to a researcher than having text within a tangle of assembly opcodes to give clues to what is going on.
And because almost everything is a task with a well-defined syntax, pieces of code can be interchanged with relative ease. That brings us to the debug menu: it too is implemented as a task and even though it is orphaned code we can replace practically any other task and it should just work.
However, we're faced with the old conundrum of "no reference = no context," meaning since it isn't actually used by the code, we can't know where or when it was meant to be used within the context of the running program. Since the last option in the menu (SEQUENCE) loads the game as normal, it's pretty safe to guess that it was meant to be displayed on startup, before the main game. We'll go with that assumption and move forward.
So we need to find where the game itself begins and squeeze our call in there. The subroutine at 0x2E844 does some init work, including spawning several low-level system tasks:
02E876: jsr $a38ae.l{task_WATCH} ; This is the debug monitor task which we'll look at in the next section
02E87C: jsr $7f8c.l{task_COIN_MGR}
02E882: jsr $33df0.l{task_WINDOW_MGR}
02E888: jsr $5bda4.l{task_OBJECT_MGR}
02E88E: jsr $352c8.l{task_ANIM_MGR_V2}
02E894: jsr $ba7c0.l{task_SEQUENCE}
02E89A: jsr $34fea.l{task_KEY_MGR_V2}
Of particular interest to us is the SEQUENCE task, which manages the attract mode and starting the game. This is basically our entry into the game, and since we want to show the tools menu at the start, replacing the call to the SEQUENCE task with the tools menu task is a good place to start.
Indeed, if we do that, things work pretty much flawlessly. However, you'll notice that the gray player status "windows" at the bottom of the screen are visible inside the tools and can get in the way a little bit.
This doesn't break anything, but it hints that things aren't quite in a perfect state. It turns out that these blocks are displayed due to the WINDOW_MGR task that was launched with the other system tasks. If we remove the call to the WINDOW_MGR task, the blocks disappear in our tools. We would also expect that, as an unfortunate side effect of completely disabling the task, the windows would not be displayed during gameplay... yet they work just fine when choosing one of the gameplay options!
That means that WINDOW_MGR is being launched elsewhere besides this initialization routine. Indeed, it looks like the tools menu itself will launch three of the system tasks (WINDOW_MGR, OBJECT_MGR and ANIM_MGR_V2) as needed for any gameplay options. Consequently, loading those tasks during the normal init routine because unnecessary. We can visualize this with the helpful Heap Monitor (which we'll examine in the next section):
All of the immediate children of ROOT-HEAP are the tasks that the init routine spawns. In this case, we have replaced SEQUENCE with SELECT (which is the name of the tools menu task). You can see among the children for SELECT are the window, anim and object managers, but those same tasks are also present under the root. Since SELECT (the debug tools menu) launches them on its own, we can safely remove them from the init routine and free some system resources.
Note that WATCH, COIN_MGR, KEY_MGR_V2 are absent from the SELECT children. Because SELECT does not spawn them, it is necessary to preserve their activation within the init routine.
With all that in mind, here's what we need to do at a high level:
 - Launch the debug tools menu task (SELECT)
 - Disable the redundant tasks (window/anim/object manager) and the normal gameplay task (SEQUENCE)
 - Preserve the other system tasks (WATCH, COIN_MGR, KEY_MGR_V2)
So the most efficient way to do that with the code as it exists is to replace the WINDOW_MGR task with SELECT, overwrite the next call with a branch to jump over the next few calls and land on the KEY_MGR_V2 task. With that in place, we have a nice and tidy heap:
One final thing to mention with the tools menu is that after about 20 seconds of no activity, the Namco logo will briefly fade in and out. For a long time, I thought this was an issue with how I was calling the menu, perhaps a task I had missed that was still running in the background or something non-standard that runs outside the task system. After some closer inspection it seems that, no, there was nothing wrong and that this is intentional. The test menu itself is coded to display the logo after a certain interval. The only reason I can think of for this is that it acted as a screensaver of sorts to help prevent burn in.
So without further ado, here is a MAME cheat to launch the tools menu at startup:


text:
Posted on | August 1, 2010 | No Comments
Prior to the outbreak of the First World War, barely a week passed by without somebody floating another proposal for a railroad running from one far-flung corner of Alberta to another. While the vast majority remained dreams and schemes, by 1930 around a dozen of these subdivisions actually made it off the drawing board in southeastern Alberta. For a period of time, branch lines such as the Suffield subdivision–which upon completion stretched for 150 miles over some of the flattest, driest, most desolate prairie Alberta had to offer–served as lifelines to vast spreads of barren grassland that were (and in many cases still are) hardly fit for anything on two legs.
Rumours of a branch line running from Suffield on the Canadian Pacific mainline to various points westward persisted in the years following the opening of lands between Lethbridge and the Bow River for settlement. However, it wasn't until construction on the Southern Alberta Land Company irrigation project was well underway that preliminary work on the Suffield line would begin. In November 1910, a report appeared in the Lethbridge Herald noting the initial survey of a rail line to run from Kipp, just west of Lethbridge, to Suffield through the soon-to-be-irrigated lands of the Southern Alberta Land Co. had just been completed.
Word of this survey prompted much boosting for a Lethbridge connection to the Suffield branch from a number parties, including the Lethbridge Board of Trade, and the long-suffering farmers of the Sundial, Barney and Alby districts north and east of Lethbridge, who at the time faced a 40-mile haul to the nearest grain handling facility.
Subsequent reports in November 1911 seemed to confirm that an agreement was in place between the Southern Alberta Co. and the C.P.R. to construct two new branch lines: One running from Shepard, just east of Calgary, to Medicine Hat; and another running from Kipp to Brooks.
Finally, in May of 1912, the C.P.R. would begin construction of the much-anticipated Suffield subdivision. Two crews were dispatched for the project, one working eastward from the Barney district (north of Taber), and the other westward from Suffield, with both to meet at a point along the Bow River before year's end.
As work commenced, the Lethbridge Herald, together with the city's Board of Trade, continued to boost the Kipp connection. In the fall of 1912, the Herald confidently proclaimed that the location of the western terminus of the Suffield line would be Kipp, and it would hook up with the C.P.R. spur line to the Chinook Collieries at Commerce north of Lethbridge.
Some in the public, still none-the-wiser about the C.P.R.'s actual plans, began engaging in land speculation along the proposed route of the Suffield-Kipp line. The Southern Alberta Land Company, lending credence to the Kipp rumours, began promoting "150,000 acres of dry lands in an irrigated belt" for sale along with eight townsites along the "new Suffield-Kipp Branch of the C.P.R."
Some hypothesized that the Kipp-Suffield line would become the southern branch of the proposed Hudson's Bay Railway, which was projected to run north through Bow City and Brooks, on its way to Saskatoon.
Everyone involved seemed sold on the fact that a branch line from Suffield to Kipp was a given. All except the C.P.R. that is.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Abstract: Zn2+ was used as template with paraffin as dispersant agent,formaldehyde as pre-crosslinking agent,and epichlorohydrin as crosslinking agent to prepare a imprinted chitosan polymer. The structure of the polymer was characterized by X ray diffractometer (XRD). The dosage of the polymer and the influence of temperature on the adsorption of Zn2+ were studied. Studies on the kinetics of the adsorption of Zn2+ by the imprinted polymer and the isothermal adsorption properties were also performed. The result showed that the regularity of the chitosan crystals was broken in the preparation of the imprinted polymer,adding a large amount of coordination group which enlarged adsorption capacity. Meanwhile the polymer acquired a highly selective adsorption capacity to Zn2+,and the separation factor of Zn2+,Cd2+,Mg2+,Mn2+ were all greater than 1.5. The imprinted polymer adsorbed the Zn2+ rapidly,and the whole adsorption process fitted the pseudo-second-order kinetic model well,t/Qt=8.1744+2.0186t and the correlation coefficient was 0.998. The calculated equilibrium adsorption capacity was satisfactory compared with the experiment data. The adsorption process at a constant temperature fitted the Langmuir equation of isothermal adsorption:Ce/Qe=1.3297+0.02701Ce and the maximum adsorption capacity was 37.023 mmol/g. The adsorption mainly proceeded in the form of monolayer.
Template and target information: zinc ion, Zn(II)
Author keywords: chitosan, imprinting, adsorption, Zn2+, kinetics

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Course Title: Greenhouse Crops IView Course Outline
Admit Term: 2018 Fall 1184
You will be introduced to the industry standard in production of crops in a greenhouse environment. You will investigate the technical aspects of greenhouse crop production with selected examples that demonstrate innovative production principles. You will research innovation in greenhouse production through industry guest speakers/field trips and/or applied research projects that will enhance the application of the principles of production. You will also investigate the challenges of regulations and border issues that impact this industry and the importance on native and alternative crops.
Prerequisite(s) for this course
- HORT1015 - Plant Science II
The information on this page reflects course details for course HORT1471P in the 2018 Fall term. Find details for another term.


text:
.This short film was created by POP intern Tara Rudo as part of a UNCW Environmental Studies Graduate Program Independent Study. Tara, Matthew Kierce, and Krista McKinney acquired the footage through their visit to the North Carolina coast and selected videos from work done by Plastic Ocean Project. This will become part of a larger film production with Internationally award winning producer, Jo Ruxton from "A Plastic Ocean" and upcoming filmmaker Jason Andre. Please consider donating to our Feature Film, "If the ocean could talk."
To learn more about Hope Spots visit: Mission Blue.
What is a Hope Spot?
Apart from being a designated National Wildlife Refuge and National Seashore, Dare County lies along a newly established Hope Spot. Hope Spots are areas in the ocean recognized by international non-profit Mission Blue, founded by world-renowned marine scientist and ocean advocate, Dr. Sylvia Earle, for their ecological, economic, and historic importance. The Outer Banks is home to one of the most economically important and productive fishing sites in the southeastern US.
This is in part due to the convergence of large warm and cold water currents occurring along the continental slope (a short 40 miles from Hatteras island) and large windrows of free floating Sargassum weed that provide a suitable habitat for commercially important fish species (mahi mahi, tuna, flounder). It is also known to be a potential calving area for the critically endangered species North Atlantic right whales, popular site for leatherback sea turtles, beaked and sei whales). In fact, scientists have discovered 33 cetaceans that visit or are residents to Hope Spot Hatteras. That is more than half of the known cetacean species in the world.
The Outer Banks beaches consistently rank among the highest endangered sea turtle nesting activity in North Carolina.


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Pie in the Sky?
Photo By Photo by Randall Hamasaki, courtesy of THE University of Hawaii
Blueberries are often associated with cooler growing climates, but early tests on the Big Island are proving that the crop may have a future here in Hawaii. In February 2007, Dr. Stuart T. Nakamoto, of the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources at UH Manoa, and his team installed two test fields, one on the wet side of Waimea, and one on the dry side. "There must be dozens of varieties of blueberries and we wanted to see which one did best."
Challenges included a plant disease and birds. "These animals have never seen blueberries, but somehow they know they are delicious," explains Nakamoto. "We have to cover the whole field with nets." On the plus side, once the plants are established, they fruit in a year. And with fuel costs rising, locals are increasingly interested in Island-grown produce.
By May, the team finished its first harvest. "It's one of the reasons we are so excited about blueberries in Hawaii—they come in during different times than the Mainland," says Nakamoto. Like coffee, the berries are picked by hand. The researchers are analyzing which varieties produced when, the yield and the quality of the fruit.
Could a pick-your-own-berries farm be in our future? "The ultimate test will be if the farmers take it up, because there are a lot of costs involved. Our goal is to start a new industry."
Do you like what you read? Subscribe to HONOLULU Magazine »


text:
Ramos J.G., Silva J., Vidal G. (2004) An Embedded Language Approach to Router Specification in Curry. In: Van Emde Boas P., Pokorný J., Bieliková M., Štuller J. (eds) SOFSEM 2004: Theory and Practice of Computer Science. SOFSEM 2004. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 2932. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
The development of modern routers require a significant effort to be designed, built, and verified. While hardware routers are faster, they are difficult to configure and maintain. Software routers, on the other hand, are slower but much more flexible, easier to configure and maintain, less expensive, etc. Recently, a modular architecture and toolkit for building software routers and other packet processors has been introduced: the Click system. It includes a specification language with features for declaring and connecting router elements and for designing abstractions.
In this work, we introduce the domain-specific language Rose for the specification of software routers. Rose is embedded in Curry, a modern declarative multi-paradigm language. An advantage of this approach is that we have available a framework where router specifications can be transformed, optimized, verified, etc., by using a number of existing formal techniques already developed for Curry programs. Furthermore, we show that the features of Curry are particularly useful to specify router configurations with a high-level of abstraction. Our first experiments point out that the proposed methodology is both useful and practical.


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The working principle of the plate heat exchanger is that two different media (cold/hot) realize heat transfer through the corresponding material plates, and flow through two different channels of A B to realize the process of cooling medium heating or heat medium cooling. What are the starting conditions for the plate heat exchanger?
(1) Steam - Water exchange system: Before the steam-water exchange equipment is started, the secondary pipe network system should be filled with water. After the circulating water pump is started, open the steam valve to exchange steam and water.
(2) According to the specific operational rules established by different systems. The heat exchanger should be operated in strict accordance with the instructions to avoid damage caused by one-way compression or over-inspection.
(3) Domestic water system: start the domestic water circulation pump, put the first-stage pipe network into the heat exchanger, control the first-stage pipe network water supply valve, and adjust the domestic water temperature.
(4) Softened water system: start the indirect inlet tank outlet valve. After the softened water system is filled with water, prepare soft water and start the supplementary water pump to supplement the secondary pipe network.
(5) Water and water exchange system: After the flushing is completed, adjust the constant pressure parameters, put in the heat exchange equipment, and start the secondary water pump.


Net zero investment portfolios: de-risking capital allocation
Author Robyn Ashton
Date April 2020
Long term climate change, while foreseeable, adds uncertainty to investment forecasts and increases risk. Portfolio asset managers and investors, especially those investing in assets such as commercial real estate, are particularly exposed to physical risk through increased storm damage, flood risk and increased temperatures. Ambitious climate strategies directed by net zero emissions (NZE) shows commitment to action and will increasingly become a key differentiator in investment selection. Targeting NZE for owned and managed assets provides a pathway to both mitigating risks and attracting investors.
By combining climate science with business insights, a board can receive robust facts, data and metrics to clearly articulate the management of climate related financial risks, and the ability to project climate driven changes in the value of different assets and their productive capacity.
The opportunity in Australia
As of last year,[1] 19 companies within the Australian real estate sector had announced emissions targets. A number of large property developers such as Mirvac[2], Dexus[3] and AMP Capital Real Estate[4] announced net zero targets covering scope 1 and scope 2 emissions sources[5].
Companies are missing a significant opportunity for differentiation and leadership in this sector. Energetics predicts that in 2020, the number of NZE commitments will increase significantly.
Figure 1. Current emissions targets in the property sector[6]
Emissions reductions modelling can scope the task from now through to the achievement of a net zero target by 2050. From this work, business cases can be developed for:
 - investments in energy efficient technologies to reduce energy consumption/demand
 - a procurement strategy incorporating on-site generation and renewable electricity procurement such as a corporate renewable PPA to further reduce costs and exposure to energy market volatility.
 - implementation and use of smart energy management systems that can optimise energy consumption and provide valuable business insights.
 - tracking performance and reporting on progress
 - managing climate risk dynamically by monitoring the scientific advice and community concerns.
How do I achieve NZE?
Investment portfolios require different strategies and opportunities for eliminating emissions. Many of these opportunities not only reduce emissions and increase investor interest, they generate savings for the assets.
A pathway for setting and achieving NZE is outlined below.
Figure 2. NZE roadmaps
Scope and define
Scoping, defining and calculating the portfolio's carbon footprint is the first step in reducing emissions. Understanding a portfolio's emissions is more complex than just adding up your electricity and gas use or using your NGER report. With a range of assets types within each investment portfolio including commercial offices, warehouses, industrial and retail, a range of emissions sources may be prevalent.
Identify opportunities and develop business cases
Identifying emissions reduction opportunities to reduce each emissions source may include:
 - Electric vehicles, electrification, refrigerant replacement (scope 1)
 - Energy efficiency, NABERS uplift strategies, on-site renewable energy, renewable electricity procurement (scope 2)
 - Waste reduction initiatives, flight and travel reduction, active transport (scope 3).
Including the financial impacts as part of these initial investigations will assist fund managers in understanding the investment requirements of achieving the target. While cost should not be the sole driver, it is often an important consideration. Some opportunities provide financial savings (energy efficiency, solar PV), some are cost neutral (renewable electricity procurement, EVs) while other may increase costs (refrigerant replacement, electrification).
It should be noted that offsets are typically required to meet a NZE target. The cost of offsets can significantly impact overall costs and should be a focus throughout the target setting process. Developing offset strategies and pricing forecasts are key requirements at the business case stage.
Actionable roadmaps
Energetics has experience developing emissions baselines and identifying emissions reduction opportunities. Together these are typically used to set interim corporate targets. Our experts have found that communication of objectives both within organisations and externally is key to reaching a target. Tools such as waterfall charts (below) aid in helping investors understand emissions sources and opportunities. Having a clear path to implementation provides stakeholders and investors with confidence in the strategy.
Figure 3. Example emissions roadmap
Implementation and offsets
Each emissions reduction opportunity should be implemented in line with the roadmap. Continuous monitoring of performance and achievements, and subsequent stakeholder communication and engagement, increases the program's chance of success.
Once emissions are reduced through direct actions, carbon offsets are required to offset residual emissions. Carbon offsets are seen as the last resort as they are a cost to the organisation offering no financial returns and can be seen negatively by investors if not supported by real action first. Due diligence should be undertaken to ensure that offsets to be purchased come from valid emissions reduction projects and that the project type or location of the project does not expose the company to reputational risk. Companies also need to be able to demonstrate that they are the unique purchaser of the offsets and that the offsets are not being recycled or reused in any way. Typically, this is through a transparent retirement of the offsets in a registry.
Each of these options provide benefits, but no single action will meet the target. A co-ordinated, planned approach that is clearly and widely communicated will promote a company culture that not only supports reducing emissions, but identifies further, and possibly innovative, opportunities.
Creating operational value in four ways
Firstly, as NZE requires a broad approach to energy and emissions management, it aids portfolio managers in identifying and implementing energy and emissions saving opportunities which in turn reduces operational costs. Secondly, sustainable buildings can improve rental yields by attracting rental premiums from tenants looking for both environmentally and operationally improved buildings. Thirdly, by improving the sustainability performance of assets and portfolios, an increased capital valuation can be achieved at sale. Finally, improved ESG management can enhance owner – tenant relations and increase asset visibility, therefore improving interest in investment. 5-star NABERS buildings have been found to attract a 9% rental premium and lower vacancy rates compared to buildings with less than 2 stars[7] and a US study found that for sustainable buildings operating costs decreased by 8% to 9%, building values increased by 7.5%, Return on Investment (ROI) improved by 6.6%, occupancy ratio increased by 3.5%, and rent ratio increased by 3%[8].
Lead, don't lag
Investment portfolio managers should define, scope and identify opportunities to reduce emissions to net zero by 2030. Aside from the increasing pressure to reduce emissions, there are other drivers: rising energy costs, investor uncertainty, physical climate impacts, reputational impacts (as an industry laggard), and potential market differentiation opportunities. While 2030 is a decade away, this challenge should not be underestimated. Setting clear roadmaps early will enable asset managers to identify opportunities and implement them at the correct time for the business. Reducing energy consumption and limiting emissions can provide savings to organisations and offer communication and marketing opportunities in competitive environments.
Energetics can support you in the development of your net zero emissions target and pathway to its achievement. Please contact us for more information.
[1] Climate Works Australia - Net Zero Momentum Tracker Property Sector (September 2019)
[2] Mirvac's plan to reach net positive carbon by 2030
[3] Dexus Sustainability Approach
[4] AMP Capital Media Release: AMP Capital launches ambitious 2030 real estate sustainability strategy (October 2019)
[5] These targets are defined as "closely aligned" as they do not include scope 3 emissions and therefore are not as "fully aligned" to the Paris Target of net zero by 2050 as defined originally.
[6] Climate Works Australia - Net Zero Momentum Tracker Property Sector (September 2019)
[7] Australian Property Institute - Building Better Returns
[8] Green Building Council of Australia - Valuing Green


text:
It takes approximately two and a half 750 milliliter bottles to make a half gallon. To get the number of bottles needed to make half a gallon, the gallon has to be converted to milliliters, divided by 2 to get half of it and then divided by the number 750.
One gallon translates to 3,785.41178 milliliters. This means that 1,892.70589 milliliters make half a gallon. Dividing that value with 750 yields the number 2.523607853. Upon rounding the number to two decimals, the result is 2.52, which represents the number of 750 milliliter bottles that are needed to make half a gallon.


text:
'The British Vampire's Slavic Roots'
Fri, January 22, 2010 • 3:00 PM • Tom Lea Rooms, HRC 3.206
Thomas Jesus Garza, Texas Language Center
Bram Stoker can be credited with creating the modern Western vampire, but his vision of the legendary monster would not have been possible without the historical accounts of real-life figures from Eastern Europe. Tom Garza will reveal the origins and history of the vampire in Europe and Britain from the nineteenth century through the twentieth. The myth pervades popular culture to the present day.
Thomas Jesus Garza is University Distinguished Teaching Associate Professor of Slavic and Eurasian Studies and the Director of the Texas Language Center. He received his Ed.D from Harvard University in foreign language education. He teaches courses in Russian language, culture, and literature, including a popular course on the history of the vampire. He is working on a book on Russian and Mexican contemporary film.


Parents Sue Wisconsin School District Over Gender Transition Indoctrination
Parents Sue Wisconsin School District over Gender Transition Indoctrination
Tired of being badgered by unconstitutional policies, parents are suing the Madison (Wisconsin) Metropolitan School District for enabling (and even encouraging) children to socially transition to a member of the opposite sex at school without parental notice or consent.
The lawsuit, filed on February 18, claims that the school district is in violation of parents' fundamental and constitutional right to direct the upbringing of their children. The lawsuit specifically mentions that the school district's adoption of its "Guidance and Policies to Support Transgender, Non-Binary, and Gender-Expansive Students" in 2018 and subsequent "transition" training programs violate two sections of the Wisconsin Constitution as well as numerous Wisconsin supreme court cases which uphold the rights of parents in the upbringing of their children.
The "guidance and policies" mentioned above require teachers to refer to students by their affirmed names and pronouns, and says that "School staff shall not disclose any information that may reveal a student's gender identity to others, including parents or guardians and other school staff, unless legally required to do so or unless the student has authorized such disclosure."
The filed lawsuit even includes examples of the school district encouraging children to question their gender. One such example includes a video in which the teacher reads a book to the children that contains statements like: "Are you a boy or a girl? How can you be both? Some days I am both. Some days I am neither. Most days, I am everything in between." And: "Many people understand that my gender is something for only me to decide." The lawsuit also shows how the school district intends to "disrupt" any binary gender discussion through books and lessons "limit[ing] gendered and binary language," and interrupting and correcting "misconceptions about gender or language that reinforce the gender binary."
In other words, the school district is deliberately attempting to oppose Christian beliefs and specifically target Christian children with indoctrination in sexual humanism. And all of this is being done without any parental notification or consent. It's paid for by taxpayers—and yet, those who send their children to Christian schools or homeschool in many states in the US can't get the taxes they pay to be applied to the education they want. Christians who opt out of the increasingly pagan public schools still have to pay their taxes to fund this system!
Now Scripture is clear on this subject of gender (and biology is as well): God created mankind male and female (Genesis 1:27). Coercing children to believe that there are several genders, that you can change your gender based on your feelings, that you can hide this from your parents and even have your teachers lie to them about it is extremely disturbing and wrong. It is also anti-science. Even worse is that if a child believes in the biblical definition of gender, that child could be "interrupted" and "corrected" (which is also a violation of the US and Wisconsin constitutions on freedom of religion according to the dictates of conscience). This is a blatant and unconscionable anti-Christian indoctrination.
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1 [ground]
earth or soil: stony ground.
land having an indicated character: rising ground.
Fine Arts.
ground color ( def 2 ).
grounds, dregs or sediment: coffee grounds.
Electricity. a conducting connection between an electric circuit or equipment and the earth or some other conducting body.
Music. ground bass.
Nautical. the bottom of a body of water.
the earth's solid or liquid surface; land or water.
pertaining to the ground.
Military. operating on land: ground forces.
verb (used with object)
to lay or set on the ground.
Electricity. to establish a ground for (a circuit, device, etc.).
Nautical. to cause (a vessel) to run aground.
Informal. to put out of action or make unable to participate: The quarterback was grounded by a knee injury.
Informal. to restrict the activities, especially the social activities, of: I can't go to the party—my parents have grounded me until my grades improve.
verb (used without object)
to come to or strike the ground.
to hit a ground ball.
to ground out.
Verb phrases
ground out, Baseball. to be put out at first base after hitting a ground ball to the infield.
break ground,
to plow.
to begin excavation for a construction project.
to begin upon or take preparatory measures for any undertaking.
cover ground,
to pass or travel over a certain area.
from the ground up,
gain ground,
to make progress; advance.
lose ground,
to retreat or be forced back.
to lose one's advantage; suffer a reverse.
off the ground, Informal. into action or well under way: The play never got off the ground.
shift ground, to change position in an argument or situation.
take the ground, Nautical. to become grounded at low water.
to ground,
before 900; (noun) Middle English grownd, grund, Old English grund; cognate with Dutch grond, German Grund; (v.) Middle English grundien, grownden to set on a foundation, establish, derivative of the noun
groundable, adjective
groundably, adverb
groundedly, adverb
groundedness, noun
groundward, groundwards, adverb, adjective
ungroundable, adjective
ground, grounds. Unabridged
2 [ground]
a simple past tense and past participle of grind.
reduced to fine particles or dust by grinding.
1755–65 for def 2; see ground1
verb (used with object), ground or (Rare) grinded; grinding.
to reduce to fine particles, as by pounding or crushing; bray, triturate, or pulverize.
to oppress, torment, or crush: to grind the poor.
to rub harshly or gratingly; grate together; grit: to grind one's teeth.
to operate by turning a crank: to grind a hand organ.
to produce by crushing or abrasion: to grind flour.
Slang. to annoy; irritate; irk: It really grinds me when he's late.
verb (used without object), ground or (Rare) grinded; grinding.
to perform the operation of reducing to fine particles.
to rub harshly; grate.
to be or become ground.
to be polished or sharpened by friction.
Informal. to work or study laboriously (often followed by away ): He was grinding away at his algebra.
Slang. (in a dance) to rotate the hips in a suggestive manner. Compare bump ( def 11 ).
the act of grinding.
a grinding sound.
a grade of particle fineness into which a substance is ground: The coffee is available in various grinds for different coffee makers.
laborious, usually uninteresting work: Copying all the footnotes was a grind.
Informal. an excessively diligent student.
Slang. a dance movement in which the hips are rotated in a suggestive or erotic manner. Compare bump ( def 20 ).
Verb phrases
grind out,
to produce in a routine or mechanical way: to grind out magazine stories.
to extinguish by rubbing the lighted end against a hard surface: to grind out a cigarette.
before 950; Middle English grinden, Old English grindan; akin to Gothic grinda-, Latin frendere
grindable, adjective
grindability, noun
grindingly, adverb
regrind, verb, reground, regrinding.
ungrindable, adjective
2. crush, powder, comminute, pound. 3. persecute, plague, afflict, trouble. 4. abrade. Unabridged
Cite This Source Link To ground
World English Dictionary
grind (ɡraɪnd)
vb (foll by out) (often foll by down) (foll by out) (foll by out) (often foll by into), grinds, grinding, ground
1. to reduce or be reduced to small particles by pounding or abrading: to grind corn; to grind flour
2. (tr) to smooth, sharpen, or polish by friction or abrasion: to grind a knife
3. to scrape or grate together (two things, esp the teeth) with a harsh rasping sound or (of such objects) to be scraped together
4. to speak or say (something) in a rough voice
5. to hold down; oppress; tyrannize
6. (tr) to operate (a machine) by turning a handle
7. to produce in a routine or uninspired manner: he ground out his weekly article for the paper
8. to continue to play in a dull or insipid manner: the band only ground out old tunes all evening
9. to instil (facts, information, etc) by persistent effort: they ground into the recruits the need for vigilance
10. informal (intr) to study or work laboriously
11. chiefly (US) (intr) to dance erotically by rotating the pelvis (esp in the phrase bump and grind)
12. informal laborious or routine work or study
13. slang chiefly (US) a person, esp a student, who works excessively hard
14. a specific grade of pulverization, as of coffee beans: coarse grind
15. slang (Brit) the act of sexual intercourse
16. chiefly (US) a dance movement involving an erotic rotation of the pelvis
17. the act or sound of grinding
[Old English grindan; related to Latin frendere, Lithuanian gréndu I rub, Low German grand sand]
ground1 (ɡraʊnd)
1. the land surface
2. earth or soil: he dug into the ground outside his house
3. (plural) the land around a dwelling house or other building
4. (sometimes plural) an area of land given over to a purpose: football ground; burial grounds
5. land having a particular characteristic: level ground; high ground
6. matter for consideration or debate; field of research or inquiry: the lecture was familiar ground to him; the report covered a lot of ground
7. a position or viewpoint, as in an argument or controversy (esp in the phrases give ground, hold, stand,orshift one's ground)
9. (often plural) reason; justification: grounds for complaint
10. arts
 b. the support of a painting
 c. the background of a painting or main surface against which the other parts of a work of art appear superimposed
11. a. the first coat of paint applied to a surface
 b. (as modifier): ground colour
12. the bottom of a river or the sea
13. (plural) sediment or dregs, esp from coffee
14. chiefly (Brit) the floor of a room
15. cricket
 a. the area from the popping crease back past the stumps, in which a batsman may legally stand
 b. ground staff
16. See ground bass
17. a mesh or network supporting the main pattern of a piece of lace
18. (US), (Canadian) electrical
 a. a connection between an electrical circuit or device and the earth, which is at zero potential
 b. Also called: earth a terminal to which this connection is made
19. above ground alive
20. below ground dead and buried
21. break new ground to do something that has not been done before
22. cut the ground from under someone's feet to anticipate someone's action or argument and thus make it irrelevant or meaningless
23. informal (Brit) to the ground, down to the ground completely; absolutely: it suited him down to the ground
24. informal get off the ground to make a beginning, esp one that is successful
25. go to ground to go into hiding
26. into the ground beyond what is requisite or can be endured; to exhaustion
27. meet someone on his own ground to meet someone according to terms he has laid down himself
28. the high ground, the moral high ground a position of moral or ethical superiority in a dispute


text: Background: Significant resources are used for acute illnesses in children. Identifying predictors of resource use can focus interventions to reduce this use. Objective: To determine the relative effects of maternal, infant, social milieu, and demographic characteristics, the mother-child interaction, and perception of illness severity on the use of resources during acute illnesses in children. Design: At the 2-week and 6-, 15-, and 24-month well-child care visits of a cohort of mother-infant dyads, the mother-well-child interaction was assessed by using the Biringen Emotional Availability Scales, and data were gathered regarding maternal depression and sense of competence, infant temperament, maternal social support, the home environment, and demographic characteristics. At each of the cohort's 1983 ill-child care visits during 30 months of follow-up, the mother-ill-child interaction was assessed by using the Emotional Availability Scales, and mothers and pediatricians independently assessed illness severity using the Acute Illness Observation Scales. Resources used during the illnesses-over-the-counter and prescription medications, tests, hospitalizations, follow-up visits, and the emergency department-were assessed. Setting: A hospital primary care center and an urban and a suburban private practice. Patients: Between February 1, 1995, and March 30, 1998, a consecutive sample of 380 dyads were asked to enroll at the 2-week well-child care visit; 316 (83.2%) consented, and complete data were available for analysis of 243 dyads. Main Outcome Measures: A path analytic framework using a structural equation model assessed the presence and strength of predictive relationships between demographic, maternal, infant, and social milieu data, the Biringen Emotional Availability Scales, and the Acute Illness Observation Scales and the main outcome measure, resource use. Results: Three variables predicted greater mean resource use during each acute illness episode: a less optimal mother-child interaction (β = -.53), lower scores for parenting sense of competence (β = -.26), and greater perception of illness severity by mothers (β =.33). By using the coefficient of determination (R 2), these 3 predictors account for 55% of the reliable variance in resource use during acute illnesses. Conclusion: The quality of the mother-child interaction, maternal sense of competence, and maternal assessment of severity of the illness are major predictors of resource use during acute pediatric illnesses, and should be important foci of interventions to reduce resource use.


Vacuumed meanings in Urdu
Vacuumed meanings in Urdu is خلا Vacuumed in Urdu. More meanings of vacuumed, it's definitions, example sentences, related words, idioms and quotations.
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What are the meanings of Vacuumed in Urdu?
Meanings of the word Vacuumed in Urdu is خلا - khula. To understand how would you translate the word Vacuumed in Urdu, you can take help from words closely related to Vacuumed or it's Urdu translations. Some of these words can also be considered Vacuumed synonyms. In case you want even more details, you can also consider checking out all of the definitions of the word Vacuumed. If there is a match we also include idioms & quotations that either use this word or its translations in them or use any of the related words in English or Urdu translations. These idioms or quotations can also be taken as a literary example of how to use Vacuumed in a sentence. If you have trouble reading in Urdu we have also provided these meanings in Roman Urdu.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What do you mean by vacuumed?
Meaning of vacuumed is خلا - khula
Whats the definition of vacuumed?
Definition of the vacuumed are
What is the synonym of vacuumed?
Synonym of word vacuumed are gap, vacuum, vacuolation, vacancy, uncoupled, hollow, chasm, vacuolisation, ether, vacuity
What are the idioms related to vacuumed?
Here are the idioms that are related to the word vacuumed.
 - Nature abhors a vacuum


text:
CHORIORETINAL INFLAMMATORY DISEASES - Noninfectious Causes
Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy
Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy (AZOOR) is a rare condition of unknown etiology that typically manifests itself by asymmetrical visual field loss, persistent photopsia projected in the visual loss zone, acuity reduction and often, with widespread photoreceptor dysfunction on the electroretinogram (ERG).
This disease affects young to middle aged patients, and woman are more affected that men. Some patients have antecedent viral-like illness.
In the majority of patients, the retina recovers over a period of one to three years, but in some cases, permanent vision impairment may occur.


Using I2C Serial Bus to Connect Raspberry Pi to Arduino
Using I2C Serial Bus to Connect Raspberry Pi to Arduino
At some point, I'll be looking to extend my Raspberry Pi robot, and one of the ways to do that is to use I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) serial devices. So, in this feature, I look at how to access an Arduino board from the Raspberry Pi using this serial bus. I also include both Raspberry Pi and Arduino code to demonstrate the use of the serial interface.
I think it's true that the Arduino boards are a much more reliable platform than the Raspberry Pi when comes to timing critical functions. And this is due to the Arduino having onboard peripherals such as Timers, ADC and many more built-in modules. Also, the Arduino microcontroller executes program functions in real-time as opposed to an operating system queueing tasks for execution.
Using the included example code, I was able to test the performance of both the Raspberry Pi B3 and the Raspberry Pi Zero. However, the example code is still a work in progress, and some tuning is still necessary for the final I2C serial application.
On initial testing, the Raspberry Pi B3 outperforms the Pi Zero by more than a hundred times. And this is measured by the number of failed read methods within the stream. So, the more read methods I perform per second; the more I2C bus errors I get.
Also, while mostly affecting the Pi zero, execution of another process can interrupt the I2C stream and cause increased errors. However, you can use exception handling in the code to prevent your program from crashing. You may need to perform retries until the serial interface returns to normal operation.
Setup and I2C Test Code
Arduino and Raspberry Pi I2C Test Circuit
Arduino and Raspberry Pi Test Circuit
The Raspberry Pi is going to need some initial configuration to run the example code. Also, to support the SMBus2 Python library, we need to install some dependencies.
Firstly, we configure the Rasberry Pi to enable the I2C interface. So, open a Terminal session on the Raspberry Pi to execute the following command: sudo raspi-config. The Raspberry Pi Configuration Tool will now open to allow you to select interface options. Then on the next screen, choose I2C to enable the interface.
Raspberry Pi Software Configuration Tool
Raspberry Pi Software Configuration Tool
Secondly, we now install the dependencies required by the SMBus2 library. It appears, at least on my Raspberry Pi setup, I only need to install one package. Therefore, execute the following in the Pi Terminal:
sudo apt-get install i2c-tools
Lastly, we install SMBus2, which is a drop-in replacement for smbus-cffi/smbus-python in pure Python. Enter the following command in the Terminal:
# Either for Python 2.7
pip install smbus2
# Or, for Python 3
pip3 install smbus2
Test Code For I2C
Arduino and Raspberry Pi I2C Connection
Arduino and Raspberry Pi I2C Connection
The Circuit
To run the example code, you will need to connect the I2C interface between the Raspberry Pi and Arduino. The Raspberry Pi will have the USB power, while the Arduino has power from the computer USB serial connection. The Arduino is a 3.3v Pro Mini compatible running at 8MHz. And due to the separate power supplies, we need to connect the grounds between the Arduino and Raspberry Pi.
However, this circuit will not be compatible with 5v Arduino board versions. While it is possible to disable the Arduino pull-up resistors, a 5v spike on the I2C is still possible during the pull-up transition.
So, to check the correct installation of the software packages, run the following command at the Terminal Prompt. However, you will need the example code uploaded and running on the Arduino. This example code will set the slave address of the Arduino board, and hopefully, this test will detect that address.
sudo i2cdetect -y 1
You should get an output similar to the following:
i2cdetect Serial Bus Output
i2cdetect Serial Bus Output
The Demo Program
The Raspberry Pi operates as the master while the Arduino is the slave device. The process of the program is as below:
The Raspberry Pi uses the SMBus2 read method to get a counter value from the Arduino device. Additionally, after each successful read, the counter on the Arduino is incremented. When the counter reaches 255, the counter is then reset to Zero.
The Raspberry Pi sends an integer called an offset. This offset then allows the Arduino to run an associated function to generate a return value. So, the return value is the counter value and is returned with the offset value. Then, the Raspberry Pi prints both the offset value and the counter value in the Terminal.
The Raspberry Pi I2C Demo Python Code
Copy this program to the Raspberry Pi and run it in the Terminal: python3
Adjust the sleep time in the Python code in the case of getting too many serial bus errors.
#!/usr/bin/env python
from time import sleep
from smbus2 import SMBusWrapper
address = 0x08
# Give the I2C device time to settle
while 1:
 with SMBusWrapper(1) as bus:
 data = bus.read_i2c_block_data(address, 99, 2)
 print('Offset {}, data {}'.format(data[0], data[1]))
 print(' Oops! Error')
 # Decreasing delay may create more transmission errors.
The Arduino I2C Demo Code
Using the Arduino IDE, upload the code to the Arduino device.
// i2c_slave_test.ino
_TAG_
_TAG_ SLAVE_ADDRESS 0x08
// 10 byte data buffer
int receiveBuffer[9];
uint8_t keepCounted = 0;
// Read data in to buffer, offset in first element.
void receiveData(int byteCount){
 int counter = 0;
 while(Wire.available()) {
 receiveBuffer[counter] =;
 //Serial.print("Got data: ");
 counter ++;
// Use the offset value to select a function
void sendData(){
 if (receiveBuffer[0] == 99) {
 } else{
 Serial.println("No function for this address");
// Write data
void writeData(char newData) {
 char data[] = {receiveBuffer[0], newData};
 int dataSize = sizeof(data);
 Wire.write(data, dataSize);
// Counter function
int keepCount() {
 keepCounted ++;
 if (keepCounted > 255) {
 keepCounted = 0;
 return 0;
 } else {
 return keepCounted;
void setup(){
 Serial.begin(9600); // start serial for output
 Serial.println("I2C Ready!");
void loop(){
And Finally
So, this is a work in progress and I expect to try other methods from the SMBus2 library also.
Related Articles
Pi Wars 2018 Raspberry Pi Headless Install
Raspberry Pi Headless Install Without A Display Guide – Link.
Beginners Guide to Raspberry Pi Configuration
Beginners Guide to Raspberry Pi Configuration – Link.
Buying Featured Items
The purchase price is going to vary greatly depending on how quickly you want the items. Therefore shop around checking out Amazon, Ebay and local electronic stores.
UK Searches:
UK Amazon:
 - Arduino Pro Mini ATMEGA328P – Search
 - Raspberry Pi – Search
 - MicroSD Card – Search
 - Raspberry Pi Compatible Wi-Fi Dongle – Search
US Searches:
US Amazon:
 - Arduino Pro Mini ATMEGA328P – Search
 - Raspberry Pi – Search
 - MicroSD Card – Search
 - Raspberry Pi Compatible Wi-Fi Dongle – Search
On Closing
I hope you find this article useful – Using I2C Serial Bus to Connect Raspberry Pi to Arduino, please like and share.


text:
Sentence Functions: The Four Tops
In addition to classifying sentences by the number of clauses they contain, you can pigeonhole sentences according to their functions. There are four sentence functions in English: declarative, exclamatory, interrogative, and imperative.
Declarative sentences state an idea. They end with a period. For example:
- The first toilet ever seen on television was on Leave It to Beaver.
- The problem with the gene pool is that there's no lifeguard.
Exclamatory sentences show strong emotions. They end with an exclamation mark. For example:
- What a mess this room is!
- The cake is ruined!
Interrogative sentences ask a question. As you would expect, they end with a question mark. For instance:
Which type of sentence often omits the subject? Imperative sentences, because the subject is often understood, as shown in these examples: "Clean up this mess" or "Help!"
- How you gonna keep 'em down on the farm when they've seen Paris?
- Why is it possible to tickle someone else but not to tickle yourself?
Imperative sentences give orders or directions, and so end with a period or an exclamation mark. For instance:
- Sit down and listen!
- Fasten your seatbelts when the sign is illuminated.
Excerpted from The Complete Idiot's Guide to Grammar and Style © 2003 by Laurie E. Rozakis, Ph.D.. All rights reserved including the right
of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. Used by
arrangement with Alpha Books, a member of Penguin Group
To order this book direct from the publisher, visit the
Penguin USA website
or call _PHONE_. You can also purchase this book at Amazon.com and Barnes & Noble.


text:
What To Look for When Choosing Your Primary Care Physician
Choosing a primary care physician is an important decision that can have a significant impact on your overall health and well-being. Your primary care physician is your first point of contact for any health concerns, and they play a crucial role in managing your health and preventing illness. Here are some things to consider when choosing your primary care physician.
1. Credentials and Experience
One of the most important things to look for when choosing a primary care physician is their credentials and experience. You want to make sure that your physician is licensed and board-certified in their specialty. You can check with your state medical board to verify their credentials. Additionally, you may want to consider their experience and expertise in treating your specific health concerns.
2. Communication Skills
Effective communication is essential for a positive doctor-patient relationship. You want a physician who listens to your concerns, answers your questions, and explains your diagnosis and treatment options in a way that you can understand. Look for a physician who is approachable, empathetic, and takes the time to build a rapport with you.
3. Availability and Accessibility
Another important factor to consider is the availability and accessibility of your primary care physician. You want a physician who is available when you need them, whether it's for routine check-ups or urgent care. Look for a physician who offers flexible scheduling options, such as same-day appointments or telemedicine visits. You may also want to consider the location of their office and whether it's convenient for you to get there.
4. Patient Reviews and Feedback
Patient reviews and feedback can provide valuable insights into the quality of care provided by a primary care physician. Look for reviews on reputable websites such as Healthgrades or Zocdoc. Pay attention to comments about the physician's bedside manner, communication skills, and overall patient satisfaction.
5. Insurance Coverage
Finally, you want to make sure that your primary care physician accepts your insurance. Check with your insurance provider to see if the physician is in-network, and what your out-of-pocket costs will be. You may also want to consider any additional fees or charges, such as co-pays or deductibles.
At GoodLife Medical Center, we understand the importance of choosing the right primary care physician. Our team of experienced physicians, Dr. Gbenga Adebanjo and Dr. Lola Adebanjo, are dedicated to providing high-quality, patient-centered care. With over 20 years of experience, they have the expertise and knowledge to manage a wide range of health concerns. Our office offers flexible scheduling options, including same-day appointments and telemedicine visits, to ensure that you receive the care you need when you need it.
According to a recent survey by the American Academy of Family Physicians, patients who have a strong relationship with their primary care physician are more likely to receive preventive care and have better health outcomes. By choosing the right primary care physician, you can take an important step towards achieving optimal health and well-being.
- American Academy of Family Physicians. (2021). The Importance of Primary Care. Retrieved from _URL_
- Healthgrades. (n.d.). Find a Doctor. Retrieved from _URL_
- Zocdoc. (n.d.). Find a Doctor. Retrieved from _URL_


text:
By Ted Raymond, CFRA News, January 5, 2016
Drought conditions in the Mississippi Valley watershed have improved, thanks to some recent snow and rain.
The Mississippi Valley Conservation Authority says the snow and rain over the last two weeks has "improved the recovery process" and water levels are trending toward normal historic conditions.
The MVCA is now calling their situation a "minor drought." The drought conditions in the watershed had been listed as severe as recently as December, 2016.http://www.iheartradio.ca/580-cfra/news/drought-conditions-improve-in-mississippi-valley-_PHONE_


text:
NASA has released a computer visualization project called "Perpetual Ocean" that presents a data-created time lapse of the Earth's ocean and sea surface currents over a two-year period.
The animation (see below) shows the globe slowly spinning as white swirls curl and move in the water around landmasses. It looks as if Vincent van Gogh had painted into the oceans -- from the Gulf of Mexico to the Indian Ocean to the Black Sea.
Typically, NASA uses ECCO2 to model global ocean and sea-ice to better understand ocean eddies and other current systems that move heat and carbon in the oceans. The end goal is to study the ocean's role in future climate change scenarios.


text:
ARCHIVE: Exotic animal disease risks
Defra is responsible for the management and co-ordination of the response to outbreaks and incidents of exotic animal disease such as Foot and Mouth Disease, Avian Influenza, Bluetongue, Classical Swine Fever and Rabies in England at the local and national level, working closely with partners from other government departments, operational partner and stakeholder organisations.
Detailed information is set out in Defra's Contingency Plan for Exotic Animal Diseases.
In the event of an outbreak or incident in Wales or Scotland, Defra, and Animal Health as the main delivery body, work closely with policy officials in the devolved administrations to ensure a consistent and co-ordinated disease control response throughout GB.
Further information can be found on the Defra website:
Page last modified: 29 October 2008
Page published: 13 February 2008


text:
In the context of spaceflight, a launch window is a time period during which a particular vehicle (rocket, Space Shuttle, etc.) must be launched in order to reach its intended target. If the rocket is not launched within the "window", it has to wait for the next window.
For trips into largely arbitrary Earth orbits, almost any time will do. But if the spacecraft intends to rendezvous with a space station (such as the International Space Station) or another vehicle already in an orbit, the launch must be carefully timed to occur around the times that the target vehicle's orbital plane intersects the launch site.
For launches above low Earth orbit (LEO), the actual launch time can be somewhat flexible if a parking orbit is used, because the inclination and time the spacecraft initially spends in the parking orbit can be varied. See the launch window used by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft to the planet Mars at .
To go to another planet using the simple low-energy Hohmann transfer orbit, if eccentricity of orbits is not a factor, launch windows are periodic according to the synodic period; for example, in the case of Mars the period is 2.135 years, i.e. 780 days. In more complex cases, including the use of gravitational slingshots, launch windows are irregular. Sometimes rare opportunities arise such as when Voyager 2 took advantage of a 175 year planetary alignment (launch window) to visit Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. When such an opportunity is missed, another target may be selected. For example, the Rosetta mission of ESA was originally intended for comet 46P/Wirtanen, but a launcher problem delayed it and a new target had to be selected (comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko).
Space Shuttle missions to the International Space Station were restricted by beta angle cutout. Beta angle () is defined as the angle between the orbit plane and the vector from the Sun. Due to the relationship between an orbiting object's beta angle (in this case, the ISS) and the percent of its orbit that is spent in sunlight, solar power generation and thermal control are affected by that beta angle. Shuttle launches to the ISS were normally only attempted when the ISS is in an orbit with a beta angle of less than 60 degrees.


Help Center Corporatessss
Help Center
Information and FAQs
What is RestorFX?
RestorFX is a professional system that permanently restores automotive paint finishes through a disruptive technology with an accessible and complete business platform to build a legacy on.
How is it done?
What is the technology behind it?
How long has it been around?
What is a fluxcoat?
A fluxcoat is an active coating that permeates a substrate to catalyze a chemical reaction resulting in stable material singularity.
RestorFX is an aqueous fluxcoat that induces a chemical reactivation within an automotive surface on contact to directly repair damage, replicate desirable material properties, and enhance the original substrate into a pristine, restored condition as it solidifies into a singular, integral final material. This technology employed by the RestorFX process is collectively known as Polymimetic Surface Regeneration to deliver an incomparable restoration service through its Automotive Refinishing System product line.
All About RestorFX
All about restoration
What does RestorFX do?
How does RestorFX restore my vehicle's paint?
A polymimetic surface regeneration takes place. Through a chemical process, your vehicle's finish is repaired, replenished and restored without polishes or machines. RestorFX increases the depth and thickness of treated surfaces so the finish is flawless and restored.
How is RestorFX different from other industry methods for reconditioning and/or polishing my vehicle's paint?
Unlike traditional methods like machine polishing and buffing, RestorFX regenerates surface material that has been lost or removed by maintence methods like machine polishing. The RestorFX system allows for deeper scratches to be not only removed, but reversed through the RestorFX Polymimetic solution.
Is RestorFX a brand or a product?
Both. RestorFX is the name of the Company and the revolutionary Polymimetic Paint Restoration solution used to renew your vehicle's paint.
Is RestorFX permanent?
RestorFX is permanent. It uses chemical ingredients to activate, infuse and merge with your vehicle's original painted surface. When a RestorFX application is complete, it is chemically joined with the original surface.
Why choose RestorFX?
RestorFX is a more powerful method for restoring your vehicle's finish. It reverses signs of aging and years of damage, while regenerating lost surface material. Your paint is revived to a deep, rich and radiant finish, sometimes outperforming the original factory finish.
Can RestorFX fix paint that is peeling or heavily oxidized?
In some cases, RestorFX can completely reverse and repair the most damaged, oxidized, or peeling clear-coat. Though results are influenced by factors such as original surface quality and strength, RestorFX can greatly improve and sometime completely revive damaged surface conditions. These changes can save the vehicle's value and you can avoid costly body-shop repair and repainting.
Is RestorFX safe for any paint?
Yes. RestorFX is safe for any vehicle painted with an automotive grade finish. A RestorFX technician will ensure a vehicle is compatible with RestorFX processes prior to application.
Can you apply RestorFX to a new car? Is it good for a new car?
Yes. You can apply RestorFX to a new car, but the benefits may or may not be worthwhile. RestorFX is designed to treat and restore damaged and faded paint, so it is generally not recommended for new vehicles or vehicles in very good condition. Not sure? Have a RestorFX technician look at your vehicle and offer advice on which option may be best for you. It's our philosophy to always try and educate our clients about options available in the marketplace, rather than sell them our services. We focus on what we do best and if there's another way to better address the issue on your vehicle surface, we will discuss these different options with you.
What are the benefits of having a RestorFX finish as opposed to just polishing/paint correcting?
Like polishing or cut/buffing, RestorFX delivers exceptionally vivid and shiny paint and a smooth and mirror-like finish. However unlike the abrasive action of polishing, RestorFX regenerates surface volume and increases paint thickness and depth. The result is superior clarity, brilliance and definition that is comparable to the quality of top manufacturer finishes (e.g. Mercedes, Porsche and Lexus). RestorFX can be polished, waxed and treated like a standard automotive finish but is restorative, protective and durable.
How is RestorFX better than polishing, cutting, buffing/waxing or cut/buff?
RestorFX does not cut or shave away any thickness from your vehicle's paint, unlike abrasive mechanical methods like polishing and buffing. Instead, it increases and regenerates lost surface material; enhancing the original color, depth and definition of the surface; and returning clarity, depth, luster and shine to your vehicle's finish. It also removes 99% of all damage without the use of abrasives such as liquid compounds and polishes. The end result is a treated surface that is flawless and free of any external imperfections such as fine swirls or holograms. RestorFX is like resetting your car's paint back to like-new condition.
Are the results of RestorFX permanent?
Yes. The advanced polymimetic chemistry of RestorFX will bond and become one with the vehicle's original surface. RestorFX will last the duration of the life of the vehicle's original finish to increase longevity and durability.
How long will my vehicle look brand new?
Once cured, RestorFX is typically stronger and more resilient than the original manufacturer finish. Unexpected damage (paint chips, scratches, scuffs) still happens, so the finish must be maintained and cared for correctly over time. RestorFX offers many services and products to help you maintain and keep your vehicle protected and looking its best for years to come.
How much does RestorFX cost?
The cost of RestorFX depends on the services chosen for your vehicle. Find more information regarding the cost of each service option in the services section.
Where can I get my vehicle RestorFX'd?
RestorFX has many partners and professional technicians all over the world. Find your nearest RestorFX Center.
Guarantee Pledge
How do I take advantage of the RestorFX Guarantee Pledge?
For a potential guarantee claim, please provide a written description of the issue and product and send it to RestorFX International at
Is the RestorFX Guarantee Pledge transferrable?
No. The guarantee is good for as long you own your vehicle, but it is not transferrable.
Product Lines
The technology
How do I know which products are best for my vehicle?
Our passionate global network of professionals are experts in knowing which options are a fit for your vehicle. They can provide recommendations to make sure you select the right treatment. For information, visit your nearest RestorFX Center or inquire at
Automotive Refinishing
Is RestorFX permanent?
How long does RestorFX last?
How do I care for my vehicle after a RestorFX treatment?
Once cured, RestorFX can be treated and maintained like a standard paint finish. You may wash, wax, polish, vinyl wrap or even repaint if necessary. RestorFX is 100% compliant with all other industry standard methods for cleaning, conditioning and maintenance.
Surface Protection
What does ClearFX mean for me?
ClearFX protects your vehicle's surface from minor blemishes and scratches that typically occur from exposure and daily use. Dirt and contaminates will rinse away and your vehicle's finish will remain radiant and unscathed for years.
How do I care for a vehicle that has ClearFX on it?
Due to the strength of ClearFX, not much maintenance or care is needed. Simply rinse and wash the vehicle regularly with mild detergent and water. Or, one of our many available global professionals can assist you in maintaining, washing and caring for your vehicle.
Why choose ClearFX over other protection solutions?
ClearFX is used in over 45 major countries. It is approved and used by Boeing on military and commercial aircraft for extreme protection and surface performance. Tested and used by a global network of professional and enthusiasts, ClearFX is a top tier industry protection product that outperforms many leading competitors in performance, longevity and strength.
Car Care
Where can I purchase Numbers line products?
Numbers is available at your nearest RestorFX Center or online at You can also email for more information.
How do I know which products from the Numbers line I need for my car?
There are many different products available in the Numbers line. Each product has a very different use. Information about how, when and why to use each product can be found online or inquire at
How do I use Numbers line?
The Numbers line is a series of automotive maintenance products. The directions for use are printed on the backside of each product label. Information regarding how to use each product can also be found and viewed online at Email for more information.
How long do Numbers line products last? Are they safe for my vehicle?
Each product in the Numbers product line has its own unique purpose–some clean and some protect. Information regarding specific length of performance and durability can be found online at or you may inquire at The longevity of the entire system is only temporary.
Our offerings
Is RestorFX just like detailing a car?
RestorFX isn't like detailing a car. It is an extensive system designed to restore and replenish your vehicle's original youthful or like-new appearance. RestorFX has many products and systems designed to restore, recondition and improve your vehicle inside and out. Review our services to learn more about available options for your vehicle.
Can I have the inside and outside of my vehicle restored?
The


text:
Dec. 16, 2008 Scientists have discovered that plant roots can sense UV-B light and have identified a specific gene that is a vital player in UV-B signaling, the communication between cells.
A study published Dec. 8 in the Early Edition of PNAS reveals that the gene RUS1 measures UV-B light levels and passes this information on to other parts of the plant responsible for growth and development. A low dosage of UV-B light, for example the levels found in shady conditions or under fluorescent lighting, can provide important signals to the rest of the plant and is therefore beneficial to normal plant growth. It helps young plants stay on the right track of development and aids seedling morphogenesis, but too much UV-B light can be toxic.
The study found that plants with a mutated UV-B light sensor gene become hypersensitive to UV-B light and even under low intensity levels of UV-B light, their root growth is stunted and they fail to grow leaves. Therefore the RUS1 gene is responsible for ensuring that young seedlings develop normally even when their roots are exposed to UV-B light.
It's unusual that roots, normally covered in soil, should have sensors for UV-B light, but the RUS1 gene is crucial at the young seedling stage when a plant's roots are resting on the soil surface. Later in a plant's life, roots can be exposed after rainwash, geological movements or animal activity.
The discovery of RUS1 provides scientists with a platform to examine other key genes that receive UV-B light and translate light information into how the plant should develop.
The paper's corresponding author is Zheng-Hui He, professor of biology at San Francisco State University. In addition to He, co-authors include SF State researchers Hongyun Tong, Colin D. Leasure, Xuewen Hou, Gigi Yuen, and Winslow Briggs from the Carnegie Institute of Washington.
Other social bookmarking and sharing tools:
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.


How To Upload File And Save As Base64 In Angular 9
In this article, we will learn about how to upload a file and save as Base64 into the database using API.
there are many different ways to upload and save files, in this article we will upload and convert that file in base64 and then save it in the database using API. this way we can use files anywhere. we don't need to save or copy the file on the server.
Prerequisites:
 - Basic knowledge of Angular
 - Code editor like Visual Studio Code
Create a new Angular project by typing the following command in the VSCode terminal.
ng new FileUploadProject
Open the app.module.ts file and import HttpClientModule in it. as we are going to call API or making HTTP call for posting data. Please refer following code.
import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { AppRoutingModule } from './app-routing.module';
import { AppComponent } from './app.component';
import {FormsModule} from '@angular/forms';
import { HttpClientModule } from "@angular/common/http";
@NgModule({
 declarations: [
 AppComponent
 ],
 imports: [
 BrowserModule,
 AppRoutingModule,
 FormsModule,
 HttpClientModule,
 ],
 providers: [],
 bootstrap: [AppComponent]
})
export class AppModule { }
Open the app.component.ts file and add the following code in it.
import { Component } from '@angular/core';
import { HttpClient } from '@angular/common/http';
import { map } from 'rxjs/operators';
@Component({
 selector: 'app-root',
 templateUrl: './app.component.html',
 styleUrls: ['./app.component.css']
})
export class AppComponent {
 title = 'FileUploadProject';
 ImageBaseData:string | ArrayBuffer=null;
 constructor(private http:HttpClient) {
 }
 handleFileInput(files: FileList) {
 let me = this;
 let file = files[0];
 let reader = new FileReader();
 reader.readAsDataURL(file);
 reader.onload = function () {
 console.log(reader.result);
 me.ImageBaseData=reader.result;
 };
 reader.onerror = function (error) {
 console.log('Error: ', error);
 };
 }
 btnUpload(){

 if(this.ImageBaseData==null){
 alert("Please select file");
 }else{
 var fileUplodVM: FileUplodVM={
 ImageBaseData:this.ImageBaseData.toString()
 }
 this.CreateItem(fileUplodVM).subscribe((res: any) =>{
 if(res){
 alert("Successfully uploded file");
 }else{
 alert("File upload failed");
 }

 },
 error => {
 alert(error.message);
 });
 }
 }
 public CreateItem(data) {
 return this.http.post('http://localhost:52410/api/Order/UploadFile', data)
 .pipe(
 map((res: any) => {
 console.log(res);
 return res;
 }));
 }
}
export class FileUplodVM{
 ImageBaseData: string;
}
in the above code, we need to import HttpClient for making an API call and define private http:HttpClient as a parameter in the constructor. define the "ImageBaseData" variable in which we will store Image as Base64 string that we will get from an uploaded file.
made one function handleFileInput(files: FileList) which is going to call on change event of file upload control. this function will read the file and store it in the Base64 string in ImageBaseData variable. we will use this variable for displaying an image and passing to API.
Function btnUpload() will check if a file is selected or not, if not then it will give validation alert. if selected then it will use ImageBaseData variable and pass/use it in FileUplodVM model. and then call CreateItem(data) function by passing FileUplodVM as parameter.
CreateItem(data) Function will post data using API.
Now, open the app.component.html and add the following code in it.

File Upload

 <input type="file" id="FUImage" name="FUImage" accept=".png, .jpg, .jpeg" (change)="handleFileInput($event.target.files)">
 <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger pull-left" (click)="btnUpload()">Upload</button>

your angular (frontend) part is ready. now let me give you a short description of API(in .NET) and database part (backend part).
The following is a database structure.

The following is code for .Net API which I have used.
public class OrderController : ApiController
{
 OrderManagmentDBEntities Db = new OrderManagmentDBEntities();
 public HttpResponseMessage UploadFile([FromBody]FileUplodVM fileUplodVM)
 {
 try
 {
 TblDemoImage tblDemoImage = new TblDemoImage
 {
 ImageBaseData = fileUplodVM.ImageBaseData
 };
 Db.TblDemoImage.Add(tblDemoImage);
 Db.SaveChanges();
 return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK, true, Configuration.Formatters.JsonFormatter);
 }
 catch (Exception ex)
 {
 return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK, false, Configuration.Formatters.JsonFormatter);
 }
 }
 public partial class FileUplodVM
 {
 public string ImageBaseData { get; set; }
 }
}
above code will add an image as base64 string in the database, we will get base64 string in fileUplodVM.ImageBaseData object which we post from the angular side. and then save it in the database.
that's it, now you can save image as base64 string in the database. and use it whenever you want to use it. as I used it in  tag directly in this angular app.
The following is the image of the Angular app.
following is a screenshot of the database after uploading the image.
so this is one way of uploading a file in the database.
Angular.js developers can help you build scalable, secure, and innovative web applications. To build online apps for startups and corporations, our dedicated Angularjs engineers employ the best tools available. Hire Angular developers in India who can provide you with the best support and maintenance services that are tailored to your company's needs. We ensure that Angular.js development services are promoted and that your apps' overall performance is improved.
you may also like this article on angular.
 1. Angular 9 Is Now Available
 2. How To Bind DropDownList From API With Validation In Angular
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text:
Use the video and step-by-step drawing instructions below to learn how to draw Namine from the Kingdom Hearts video games. A new cartoon drawing tutorial is uploaded every week, so stay tooned!
Intro: Start drawing Kingdom Hearts' Namine with a pencil sketch. In the beginning stages, don't press down too hard. Use light, smooth strokes for sketching.
Step 1: To draw Namine, start with an egg shape in the middle of the page. You don't have to draw the egg shape perfectly; it's just a guide for Namine's head.
Step 2: Underneath the egg shape, draw two wavy lines that extend outward toward the sides and then curve down toward the bottom. These lines make Namine's neck and shoulders.
Step 3: Next, draw two intersecting lines across Namine's head shape, one vertical and one horizontal. In between the horizontal line and the bottom of the head, draw a small horizontal line. Below that one, draw a slightly longer horizontal line. These will be construction lines that will help you place Namine's features later on.
Step 4: Now draw the basic shapes for Namine's eyes, which are two small ovals with pointed ends, like footballs. Draw these ovals so they sit on top of the horizontal construction line on either side of the vertical construction line.
Step 5: Draw some guides for Namine's hair. Draw a line that starts at the top of her head and then moves left around her head and a bit below the left shoulder. Draw another line on the opposite side that ends right on top of the right shoulder.


16
\$\begingroup\$
Write the shortest program or function that will determine if an input is a valid Go type.
Spec
This challenge will use the following simplified subset of Go types. For more information, see the Golang specification.
 - "Primitive" types:
 - bool
 - int,uint,float(32|64),complex(64|128),byte,rune
 - string
 - *T where T is any type
 - []T, a slice of T
 - [n]T, an array of T, and n is some positive non-zero integer
 - map[K]V, where K and V are any type
 - chan T (note the required whitespace)
 - struct{...}, where ... is a list of 0 or more semicolon-separated types (such as struct{int;float64;*struct{int;bool}}).
 - func(args)return, a function.
 - args is an optional comma-separated list of types.
 - return is optionally either a type, or a non-empty list of types in parentheses (a,b,c).
All truthy inputs have characters in the set [][a-z0-9(){},;* \t\n]. It is not guaranteed that an input that matches this regex is truthy.
Whitespace is allowed everywhere within the type, as long as it does not break apart keywords (struct, chan, map, func) or primitive types.
Test Cases
Truthy
bool
int
complex128
*int
*********int
[]string
[][]int
[ 10 ] [ ][123] * [567] [ ] [890 ] *rune
map[int]string
map[ []int ] [] string
map[map[map[int]string]map[bool]chan map[int]int]struct{int;string;bool}
struct{ }
struct{int; float64; *struct{int;bool} }
struct{struct{bool;struct{int; *[]chan complex128}; *float64}; map[string]string}
func()
func(int,uint,int,bool)string
func(int,uint,int,bool)(string,string,string)
func(func(int) int) func(func([]map[string]int) int) func(int) int
chan chan chan chan chan chan int
map[func() func() func()]func() func() func()
chan []string
func(int)(int)
Falsy
integer // unknown primitive
float // unknown primitive
imaginary // unknown primitive
int* // * with no type
[] // missing contained type
[]asdfghjkl // unknown type
[[]]int // [] is invalid for array length
[-1]string // negative ints are invalid for array length
[123.456]float64 // floats are invalid for array length
struct{int,float64} // missing semicolon between member types
func(int)(int,string // missing closing paren
struct{func(int)map[int]string // missing closing brace
structfunc(int)map[int]string} // missing opening brace, unknown type
chanint // missing required whitespace
chan[]string // missing space whitespace
func()() // non-empty parenthesized return type only
[0]int // positive non-zero integers only
func(int)(int)(iint) // dangling leftovers '(iint)' is not a type
\$\endgroup\$
10
 - 1
 \$\begingroup\$ @mousetail added a whitespace clarification \$\endgroup\$
 – bigyihsuan
 Commented Aug 7, 2023 at 13:59
 - 1
 \$\begingroup\$ Would chan[]string be invalid because it doesn't have the required whitespace? \$\endgroup\$ Commented Aug 7, 2023 at 21:48
 - 1
 \$\begingroup\$ @DanielSchepler ah, that's technically valid go, but let's keep the required whitespace for this challenge \$\endgroup\$
 – bigyihsuan
 Commented Aug 7, 2023 at 21:55
 - 1
 \$\begingroup\$ @Arnauld func()() is not valid; the return type must either be empty, 1 type, or parenthesized comma-separated list of types. \$\endgroup\$
 – bigyihsuan
 Commented Aug 8, 2023 at 12:57
 - 2
 \$\begingroup\$ This is probably invalidating some answers. Maybe it should be clarified as "or a non-empty list of types in parentheses". \$\endgroup\$
 – Arnauld
 Commented Aug 8, 2023 at 13:02
6 Answers 6
14
\$\begingroup\$
Regex (PCRE), 241 bytes
^(bool|u?int|float(32|64)|complex(64|128)|byte|rune|string|&\s*(?1)|\*\s*(?1)|\[\s*\d*\s*\]\s*(?1)|map\s*\[\s*(?1)\s*\]\s*(?1)|chan (?1)|struct\s*\{\s*(|((?1);\s*)*\s*(?1)\s*;?\s*)\}|func\(\s*(((?1),\s*)*(?1),?\s*)?\)\s*(\s*(?1)|\((?6)\))?)$
Fixed to handle func()() case
Try it on regex 101
\$\endgroup\$
8
\$\begingroup\$
BNFC + Haskell + Bash + coreutils, 175 + 96 = 271 bytes
bool"
int"
uint"
float32"
float64"
complex64"
complex128"
byte"
rune"
string"
*"T
[""]"T
["Integer"]"T
map""["T"]"T
chan "T
struct""{"[T]"}"
Q
QT
Q"("[T2]")"Z2","Z";";_.T2::=T
Compile with
sed 's/Q/func""("[T2]")"/g;s/Z/;separator T/g'|awk '{print"A"NR".T::=\""$0";"}'>g;bnfc -m g;make
Produces an executable named TestG which accepts input from stdin and exits with code 0 if the parse was successfull, 1 otherwise.
Possibly can be golfed more with a better use of sed and awk.
Script to test it:
cat truthy falsy | sed "s|//.*||" | xargs -d "\n" -I {} sh -c 'echo "{}" | ./TestG >/dev/null ; echo $? "{}"'
\$\endgroup\$
5
\$\begingroup\$
Raku, 205 193 bytes
*~~/^$(/:s \s*[bool|u?int|float[32|64]|complex[64|128]|byte|rune|string|\*<~~>|\[
\d* \]<~~>|map \[<~~>\]<~~>|chan\s+<~~>|struct \{ <~~>*%\; \}|func \(<~~>*%\,\)[<~~>|
\( <~~>*%\, \) ]?]\s*/)$/
Try it online!
This is an anonymous function that matches its argument against the giant regex following the leftmost ~~. That regex is of the form
/^$(/.../)$/
It interpolates the inner regex $(/.../) into the outer one. The outer regex requires that the overall match be anchored at the beginning and end of the string.
The inner regex matches a Go type. It is recursive, calling itself using the expression <~~>.
\$\endgroup\$
5
\$\begingroup\$
JavaScript (ES6), 250 bytes
Thanks to @Bbrk24 and @Value Ink for reporting bugs
Returns a Boolean value.
f=(s,t)=>


text:
Tajik village alarmed by number of residents fighting in Syria
Afghan 119 police services prevent violence
Uzbekistan increases textile production
MQM sees rise in TTP extortion and threats
Kazakh grain harvest halved by drought
By Agence France-Presse
ASTANA – Kazakh farmers this year lost nearly 50% of the grain harvest because of a severe drought, according to government figures released November 6.
This year's harvest amounted to 14.7m tonnes, almost half the 26.9m tonnes recorded in 2011.
Kazakhstan generally exports about half of its crops, particularly to its Central Asian neighbours but also towards the Middle East, North Africa and Afghanistan.


How to simulate HTML5 Drag and Drop in Selenium Webdriver?
We can simulate HTML5 drag and drop with Selenium webdriver. This is a feature that gets implemented if an element is dragged from its position and dropped on another element in another position.
Actions class in Selenium is used for taking care of this functionality. The drag_and_drop(source, target) is the available method under Actions class for carrying out this task. We have to import from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains to our code to use this method of Actions class.
Let us take the two elements and try to drag the first element on to the second element.
Example
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium import webdriver
 driver = webdriver.Chrome (executable_path="C:\chromedriver.exe")
 driver.implicitly_wait(0.5)
 driver.get("_URL_
 driver.switch_to.frame(0)
 # identify source and destination elements
 s=driver.find_element_by_id("draggable")
 d=driver.find_element_by_id("droppable")
 # action object creation
 a = ActionChains(driver)
 a.drag_and_drop(s,d).perform()
driver.close()
Output
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