text:
Its often stated that architecture is the face of a Nation, reflecting its cultural origins and subsequent evolution. Clarence House on Commissioners Bay English Harbour, is without doubt an excellent example of this statement. Its story is one of British Royalty, the navy, governor generals and hurricanes. Few structures in the Caribbean can match its tale.
The structure today was built (1804 to 1806) on the remnants of an earlier structure that popular legend holds was built for the Duke of Clarence Prince William lV during his tenure on Antigua while serving in the Royal Navy around 1784. In 1804, construction began on the first version of the stone building we know today as a residence for the Commissioner of the dockyard. It did not serve long in this capacity for with the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 British economic and military interests rapidly began to shift away from the Caribbean. With the reduction of the naval dockyard a resident commissioner was no longer required, and the house became the residence of the senior dockyard supervisors until 1856. Continued reduction in economic interests in the Caribbean and the mechanization of naval ships, made the careening stations of the Age of Sail, including the dockyard obsolete, and the grand Commissioner's House was leased to the Governor of Antigua, Kerr Baillie Hamilton.
From 1856, Clarence House became the official country residence for the Governors of Antigua and the Leeward Islands. In these post naval years of the early 20th century, many dignitaries and visiting officials were entertained there. But it was not always easy living. In 1871, it was severely damaged in a hurricane and was subsequently rebuilt. Each resident governor added to and altered the structure according to his needs and by 1890, it reached its maximum capacity with numerous extensions and additions. Major repairs and alterations were again conducted in 1951, by Governor Sir Kenneth Blackburn in wake of the two hurricanes in 1950 and the structure was reduced in size and the building we know today began to emerge. In the 1990s, hurricanes Luis, Marilyn, and Georges, devastated the residence and outer buildings, and the once elegant architectural masterpiece became a complete a ruin.
In 1996 Governor-General Sir James Carlisle initiated a major conservation project for restoration of the house. To obtain funding, the Clarence House Restoration Trust was formed in the U.K. and registered by the Charity Commission and in 2013, Sir Peter Harrison of sailing yacht Sojana, decided to fund the complete restoration of the property. The goal was to recreate a classic Antiguan/Caribbean historical period formal residence. It had to be financially self-sustainable, open to the public; a "living museum" that interprets all aspects of daily life at Clarence House and the people who lived and visited. Above all, it had to be of the highest standards and a stimulus for "restoration arts". The stone masonry, fine joinery, interior finish and the many pieces of traditional furniture that were made on Antigua or are original to the house, will tell the the story of the quality and skills of the tradesmen, mostly enslaved Africans of that bygone era. It is all of exceptional quality, beauty and elegance and a tribute to Caribbean tradesmen then and now.


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We know that Hamiltonian path, clique and independent sets are NP-complete but what about half or the square root of each problem or a fraction of $n$ ? That is, for a graph, $G$ of $n$ nodes,
 - is there a Hamiltonian path of size $\frac{n}{2}$ or of $\sqrt{n}$ or any number of nodes less than $n$?
 - is there an independent set of size $b$ in $\frac{n}{2}$ or of $\sqrt{n}$ or any number of nodes less than $n$?
 - is there a clique of size $k$ in $\frac{n}{2}$ or of $\sqrt{n}$ or any number of nodes less than $n$?
$\endgroup$
5
 - $\begingroup$ A hamiltonian path (if it exists) is necessarily of size $n$ in a graph of order $n$… $\endgroup$ – Nathaniel Apr 19 at 16:25
 - $\begingroup$ I don't understand the problem statements. For example, what's the intended difference between the second problem and "is there an independent set of size b on a given graph"? $\endgroup$ – Juho Apr 19 at 18:52
 - $\begingroup$ Instead of an independent set with $G$ of size $n$, finding an independent set of a subgraph, $G'$, of $\frac{n}{2}$ nodes that are from $G$ $\endgroup$ – heretoinfinity Apr 19 at 20:36
 - $\begingroup$ It looks like you're asking about 6 different questions here. There is no reason that the answer will necessarily be the same for all of them. The usual rule is to ask only one question per post $\endgroup$ – D.W. Apr 20 at 2:34
 - $\begingroup$ @D.W., do you mean that each of the bullet points is actually a set of 2 questions? $\endgroup$ – heretoinfinity Apr 20 at 14:53
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There is no general rule that they necessarily need to be NP-complete in general.
For the specific examples you list, I expect the answer will be that each of those specific examples are NP-complete, but I haven't tried to prove or verify that; that's just speculation.
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text:
A Long, Illustrious Past
The Aviation and Technology Department has a rich history of educating and empowering students for over a century. Although Aviation and Technology are distinct fields in their own right, both departments share the core principle of rising to any occasion — whether that be adapting to rapidly changing technology or preparing for a World War. Discover our histories and how we came to join together in 2001.
The Aviation Program
It all began in the _PHONE_ academic year when a group of students formed a flying club at SJSU. Over time, this small club would become the foundation of the modern Aviation program.
The Technology Program
Our origins at San José State University begin over 100 years ago when we were originally known as a teacher education program for Engineering Technology Education. Over the years, we have transformed into an innovation and education powerhouse.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Finding Usages of a Symbol
This command allows finding all usages of a specific symbol in the currently loaded assemblies. You can start the search from the declaration of the symbol or from any other usage. You can invoke this command from the code viewer, from the File Structure Window and other tool windows.
To find usages of a symbol
- Place the caret on a symbol in the code viewer or select the symbol in a tool window.
- Do one of the following:
- If you try to search for usages of an overriding or implementing member of a derived type, you are prompted to specify whether you want to add usages of the base members to the list of search results. Choose No to search for usages of the overriding member only. Choose Yes to search for usages of both the overridden and base members.
- If a single usage is found, dotPeek will navigate you to the usage directly in the code viewer. Two or more search results will be shown in the Find Results Window.
Finding usages of generic types
When searching for usages of generic types, e.g.
IFoo, you may actually want to find either all usages of
or usages of the exact generic substitution
By default, dotPeek allows you to disambiguate the search results by showing an additional popup:
This feature is inspired by and borrowed from JetBrains ReSharper, a developer productivity tool for Microsoft Visual Studio.


text:
Ultra-High Resolution Detector for Radiographic Inspection
DÜRR NDT's newly-developed DR 7 NDT CMOS detector features a pixel pitch of just 19 µm which allows it to achieve a basic spatial resolution of 25 µm. This ultra-high resolution measurement capability as well as extremely low image noise makes this detector perfect for both aerospace and oil & gas applications.
Its compact design of 8.5x50x32 mm (HxWxD) makes the detector ideal for hard-to-reach places, small diameter tubes and pipes, and even inside objects. The advantage of placing the detector inside the target object is that the reduced irradiated wall thickness allows a shorter X-ray exposure time which then leads to an improvement in image quality due to reduced scatter radiation.
The detector has been designed for use in harsh environments with its durable aluminum casing and carbon fiber protected active area (36x26 mm). External vibrations and shocks are also absorbed by an integrated shock absorber which ensures that the CMOS chip remains unaffected by external influences.
The detector features a USB 2.0 interface for power and communication with a 5 meter cable which can be extended if necessary. DÜRR NDT's proven and DICONDE-compliant D-Tect software provides all the required functions to use this detector such as image acquisition, analysis, reporting, data export, archiving and database management – the user-friendly software interface also allows for seamless integration with automated processes.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The Brandywine River Museum collects and preserves American art with primary emphasis on the art of the Brandywine region, American illustration and still life painting.
Since 1971, when it was founded, the museum's collections have grown to more than 3,000 works of art by hundreds of artists and thousands of other objects in the N.C. Wyeth House & Studio. Permission to reproduce works in the museum's collections must be obtained through the Rights and Reproductions Office. Click here for more information.
The Valley of the Brandywine
William T. Richards
Landscape & Genre Painting
During much of the 19th century, when landscape painting was a dominant form of visual expression, many artists ventured to the Brandywine Valley. By 1819, Bass Otis had published the nation's first lithograph--a Chester County scene entitled House and Trees at Waterside--now in the Brandywine River Museum's collection. Within decades, well-known members of the Hudson River School, including Thomas Doughty and Edward Moran, had documented the distinctive beauty of the region
and are now represented by works in the Museum's collection. Some, like William T. Richards, chose to remain in the area and created powerful works here, such as the museum's Valley of the Brandywine, Chester County (September), painted by Richards about 1886. Landscape painting has continued in the region throughout the 20th century and is represented in the museum by painters as diverse as George Cope, Clifford Ashley, Peter Hurd and George Weymouth.
The field of American genre painting in the 19th and 20th centuries is exemplified here with important interior scenes by Horace Pippin and Jefferson David Chalfant, both of whom lived and worked in this valley. Such works as Pippin's Saying Prayers, along with many others frequently on view, are prime examples of the vital artistic heritage of the Brandywine region.
A Man's Table Reversed
William M. Harnett
Still Life and Portraits
Still life painting also has strong roots in the Brandywine region, particularly trompe l'oeil or "fool the eye" painting that was popular in the late 19th century. The museum's collection includes examples by such painters as William Michael Harnett, the acknowledged leader in this type of painting, John F. Peto, George Cope, John Haberle and Alexander Pope. Many of these works were created for gentleman's clubs, pubs and other "masculine" interiors, hence the decidedly male subject matter: often hunting and fishing equipment, dead game, mugs and pipes. The museum's
Miss Mary du Pont
Jefferson David Chalfant
collection includes works by other important American still life painters,including Raphaelle Peale, John F. Francis, Levi Wells Prentice, J. Alden Weir and Walter Murch, among many.
The museum's portrait collection include fine examples by regional artists from the 18th through the late 20th centuries. Early formal portraits by Gilbert Stuart, Benjamin West, and Thomas Sully, depict the Hare family of Philadelphia. The subjects are elegantly dressed and posed in refined settings that convey their social status. Late 19th-century and 20th-century portraits in the collection by Mary Cassatt, Jefferson David Chalfant, Thomas Smedley, Barry Moser, and members of the Wyeth family emphasize informal settings and attire.
A major portion of the region's heritage is American illustration. The first illustrator of note was the famous F.O.C. Darley, who left New York in 1859 to settle just north of Wilmington, Delaware. A few decades later, Howard Pyle, who is often called "the Father of American Illustration," also began to work in the Brandywine Valley. Pyle established an extraordinarily influential art school in Wilmington and Chadds Ford, where he trained dozens of artists, including major illustrators such as N.C. Wyeth, Harvey Dunn, Jessie Willcox Smith and Frank Schoonover. Pyle and many of his students are represented in the Brandywine River Museum.
American illustration is a major component of the museum's collection. Among the hundreds of illustrators represented are early 20thcentury giants such as Edwin Austin Abbey, Winslow Homer, Howard Chandler Christy, Charles Dana Gibson, Rose O'Neill, Maxfield Parrish and Rockwell Kent; late 20th-century cartoonists, such as Al Hirschfeld, Charles Addams, Edward Gorey and Charles
Schulz; and other illustrators such as Theodor Geisel (Dr. Seuss), Charles Santore and Nancy Eckholm Burkert. These are only some of the diverse talents revealed in an illustration collection that also includes Reginald Marsh, George Bellows and Frederic Remington.
Siege of the Roundhouse, Kidnapped
Three Generations of Wyeth Art
N.C. Wyeth was profoundly affected by the Brandywine Valley when he arrived here to study with Howard Pyle in 1902. He married, settled in Chadds Ford, raised a family, and within a decade established himself among America's foremost illustrators with work featured in magazines and newspapers and in numerous very popular books. Several of his best-known illustrations, including ten works from Treasure Island along with works from Kidnapped, The Black Arrow, The Boy's King Arthur, The Last of the Mohicans and other Scribners' classics, are frequently on view at the museum. Wyeth is also represented here by fine still life and landscape paintings and portraits.
N.C. Wyeth's five children inherited much talent. Daughters Henriette Wyeth Hurd and Carolyn Wyeth gained recognition as painters and are well represented in the museum's collection. Andrew Wyeth, the youngest son of N.C., has become one of the most influential and well-known painters in the history of American art. Andrew Wyeth's images in egg tempera and watercolor are often thought to be exact representations of scenes or people. But, in fact, Wyeth restructures elements of visible reality, arranging people and objects as he pleases in order to create his private visions of places and people in Pennsylvania and Maine. Many works by Andrew Wyeth are exhibited at the museum; often on view are such well-known paintings as Evening at Kuerner's, Night Sleeper, Roasted Chestnuts, Siri, Trodden Weed and Snow Hill.
© Andrew Wyeth
The third generation of the Wyeth family includes Andrew Wyeth's younger son, painter James Wyeth. By his early 20s, James Wyeth had earned national attention with a posthumous portrait of John F. Kennedy and other work. Later, he produced striking portraits of Rudolf Nureyev and Andy Warhol, studies for which are in the museum's collection. Since then, Wyeth has established a distinctive style, characterized by strong images and sharp contrasts in his landscapes and portraits. He is known for his monumental animal portraits, including Portait of Pig and Raven in the museum's collection, which represents various stages in his changing style.
Portrait of Pig
Brandywine River Museum, U.S. Route 1, P.O. Box 141
Chadds Ford, PA 19317 Phone: _PHONE_
© 2013 Brandywine Conservancy
This site is for personal, educational, non-commercial use only and may not be reproduced in any form
without the express permission of the Brandywine Conservancy.
For more information send e-mail to: _EMAIL_

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: Les Courmettes is located on a slope of the Prealps (Alpes Maritime, France), south-facing, and about 15 km from the Mediterranean. The climate is Mediterranean characterized by warm and humid sea winds, and cold air mass and orographic rains due to the relief of the Prealps. Summers are dry due to low rainfall, especially in July with an average of 10 mm of precipitation, and warm but moderate temperatures averaging 22°C. The average annual temperature is 15.5°C and the average rainfall over the year is 770 mm; by way of comparison, the average annual temperature in Dijon (21) is 10.5°C and the average rainfall is 770 mm. It should be specified that the precipitation in Tourette sur loup are mostly during the winter seasons, especially at the end of the year with about 110 mm. The soil is shallow, the rock is sometimes outcroped, and the plots are gently sloping; the soil configuration is thus very draining and has a low water reserve.


Dry and Sub-humid Lands Biodiversity
Definitions
Dry and Sub-humid Lands
Dryland, Mediterranean, arid, semi-arid, grassland and savannah ecosystems
Hyper-arid ecosystems
Precipitation/potential evapotranspiration (P/PET) ratio of less than 0.05
Arid and semi-arid ecosystems
Arid - Precipitation/potential evapotranspiration (P/PET) ratio is greater than or equal to 0.05 and less than 0.20
Semi-arid - Precipitation/potential evapotranspiration (P/PET) ratio is greater than or equal to 0.20 and less than 0.50
Mediterranean ecosystems
No single climatic or bioclimatic definition of these areas has been developed. They generally refer to areas with cool, wet winters and warm or hot summers.
Grassland and savannah ecosystems
Grassland - Loosely defined as areas dominated by grasses (members of the family Poaceae excluding bamboos) or grass-like plants with few woody plants. Natural grassland ecosystems are typically characteristic of areas with three main features: periodic drought, fire, and grazing by large herbivores.
Savannah- Tropical ecosystems characterized by dominance at the ground layer of grasses and grass-like plants. They form a continuum from treeless plains through open woodlands to virtually closed-canopy woodland with a grassy under-storey.


text:
Now, odours can be rated on scale of pleasantness!Published On: Mon, Oct 3rd, 2011 | Neurobiology | By BioNews
A new research has claimed that odours can be rated on a scale of pleasantness, which turns out to be an organizing principle for the way humans experience smell.
According to the research conducted at the Weizmenn Institute of Science, researchers could tell by measuring the nerve responses whether a subject found a smell pleasant or unpleasant.
In the experiment headed by Prof. Noam Sobel, the researchers inserted electrodes into the nasal passages of volunteers and measured the nerves' responses to different smells in various sites with each measurement capturing the response of thousands of smell receptors.
They found that the strength of the nerve signal varied from place to place on the membrane and it appeared that the receptors are not evenly distributed, but rather are grouped into distinct sites, each engaging most strongly with a particular type of scent.
Further investigation showed that the intensity of a reaction was linked to the odour's place on the pleasantness scale as the site where the nerves reacted strongly to a certain agreeable scent also showed strong reactions to other pleasing smells and vice versa.
"We uncovered a clear correlation between the pattern of nerve reaction to various smells and the pleasantness of those smells. As in sight and hearing, the receptors for our sense of smell are spatially organized in a way that reflects the nature of the sensory experience," Prof. Sobel said.
The implication of the study is that a pleasantness scale is, indeed, an organizing principle for our smell organ.
The study has been published in Nature Neuroscience.


Javascript API
Start by installing the FunnelQL Javascript library (see Installation).
Loading the FunnelQL database
Funnel Query Language is based on a IndexedDB database that can persist or expire with the browser session. You can configure the database using the init method.
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$FQL.init({
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Database Configuration Options
Option
Description
Default
expire
Database expiration.
session (could be never or a time in seconds)
The FunnelQL API is chainable and provides a onload callback.
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.then(function() {
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// database loaded
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Querying A Funnel
The following method can be used to perform a query based on a Funnel Query string or JSON:
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$FQL.on( "funnel query" ).then(function(result) {
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Alternatively, the on method accepts a callback instead of a promise and multiple queries as a Array.
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$FQL.on( [ "funnel query 1", "funnel query 2" ], function(result, fql) {
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// result = true
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// fql = funnel query string
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});
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The library can provide detailed debug information including Performance API timings in the browser console. The following method can be used to enable debug mode or to retrieve it's status.
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$FQL.debug(true);
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FunnelQL Browser Console Debug Info
Last modified 3yr ago


text:
Irish philosopher George Bishop Berkeley was one of the greatest philosophers of the early modern period. Along with David Hume and John Locke he is considered one of the fathers of British Empiricism. Berkeley is a clear, concise, and sympathetic introduction to George Berkeley's philosophy, and a thorough review of his most important texts. Daniel E. Flage explores his works on vision, metaphysics, morality, and economics in an attempt to develop a philosophically plausible interpretation of Berkeley's oeuvre as whole.
Many scholars blur the rejection of material substance (immaterialism) with the claim that only minds and things dependent upon minds exist (idealism). However Flage shows how, by distinguishing idealism from immaterialism and arguing that Berkeley's account of what there is (metaphysics) is dependent upon what is known (epistemology), a careful and plausible philosophy emerges.
The author sets out the implications of this valuable insight for Berkeley's moral and economic works, showing how they are a natural outgrowth of his metaphysics, casting new light on the appreciation of these and other lesser-known areas of Berkeley's thought.
Daniel E. Flage's Berkeley presents the student and general reader with a clear and eminently readable introduction to Berkeley's works which also challenges standard interpretations of Berkeley's philosophy.


Lead shielding
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Lead bricks are commonly used as radiation shielding.
Lead shielding refers to the use of lead as a form of radiation protection to shield people or objects from radiation so as to reduce the effective dose. Lead can effectively attenuate certain kinds of radiation because of its high density and high atomic number; principally, it is effective at stopping gamma rays, and x-rays.
Lead's high density is caused by the combination of its high atomic mass and the relatively small size of its bond lengths and atomic radius. The high atomic mass means that more electrons are needed to maintain a neutral charge and the small bond length and a small atomic radius means that many atoms can be packed into a particular lead structure. Because of lead's density and large number of electrons, it is well suited to scattering x-rays and gamma-rays. These rays form photons, a type of boson, which impart energy onto electrons when they come into contact. Without a lead shield, the electrons within a person's body would be affected, which could damage their DNA and cause cancer. When the radiation attempts to pass through lead, its electrons absorb and scatter the energy. Eventually though, the lead will degrade from the energy to which it is exposed. However, lead is not effective against all types of radiation. High energy electrons (including beta radiation) incident on lead may create bremsstrahlung radiation, which is potentially more dangerous to tissue than the original radiation. Furthermore, lead is not a particularly effective absorber of neutron radiation.
Lead is used for shielding in x-ray machines, nuclear power plants, labs, military equipment, and other places where radiation may be encountered. There is great variety in the types of shielding available both to protect people and to shield equipment and experiments. Personal shielding includes lead aprons (such as the familiar garment used during dental x-rays), thyroid shields, and lead gloves. There are also a variety of shielding devices available for laboratory equipment, including lead castles, structures composed of lead bricks, and lead pigs, thick containers for storing and transporting radioactive samples.
See also[edit]
External links[edit]


text:
Asembo Water Supply and Irrigation
In cooperation with Kanyakoo and Western Kenya's Friends, EWB-DK helped secure a stable water supply in Raliew Village close to Lake Victoria. The water supply is crucial to the community, who needs water to grow vegetables etc. they can sell in nearby villages. The need led to an investigation of the possibility to establish a water pipe to the lake and establish an irrigation system. The overall long-term objective of the project is to enable all families in Raliew Village to increase their income through improved agriculture, thus improving their living conditions and health. The project established a pilot irrigation scheme for two acres of land owned by eight farmers from Raliew Village, with the aim of illustrating the economic benefits of producing vegetables also in the dry season.
The project contributes to no poverty, zero hunger and clean water and sanitation in compliance with the current UN Sustainable Development Goals.


text:
By Glen Whitney for the Museum of Mathematics
When last we left our intrepid hula-hoop-armed mathematical makers, they had just suffered a collapse of the Sierpinski tetrahedron midway between order 2 and order 3. What to do?
In clawing through the twisted wreck, we discovered three major modes of failure: First, the order 2 tetrahedron sagged badly when it was lifted up in the air. Second, the junctions between hula hoops, held by pipe cleaners, rotated into angles and orientations quite far from the desired tetrahedron dihedral angle. Third, a few individual hoops under a great deal of strain warped to the point of elastic failure and developed permanent kinks.
So we took measures to combat all three of these issues. First, the experimental build showed us which hoops were in tension and which in compression. Roughly speaking, all of the horizontal hoops are in tension as the pyramid tries to spread, and all of the sloped hula hoops are in compression. So, to alleviate the first problem (sagging), we just added twist-tie loops between nearby (but not touching) hula hoops to prevent them from spreading as far apart.
Second, we experimented with different materials to connect the hoops and settled on self-adherent compression bandage as the ideal: it provided a broad, high-friction junction that virtually eliminated the problem of one hula hoop rotating with respect to its neighbor.
And third, the prototyping phase showed that three individual hula hoops were taking the lion's share of all of the compression load of the configuration. Namely, the three hoops which slant inward toward the center, just below the three bottom vertices of the top order-two tetrahedron, all deformed very badly. So to shore these up, we drilled two holes the same diameter as the hula tube in the side of 3/4″ schedule 40 PVC pipe, at a distance of one hula diameter apart. We cut the pipe past the diameter of the holes to create "jaws" that would grasp the hula hoops and hold the stays in place.
With these changes, a bunch of MoMath friends and staff got together again for a second practice. And this time, with a bit of tweaking, we managed to get the entire order-3 tetrahedron in the air (as seen in the opening image).
This experience yielded one additional lesson for the actual public construction: attaching the hoops symmetrically, so that the three initial attachment points divided each hoop exactly in thirds, was really important in the quality of the resulting tetrahedron. So we marked each of 256 hula hoops with pieces of compression tape at the one-third points. And finally, last weekend at the World Science Festival in New York City, our visitors actually constructed this giant Sierpinski tetrahedron, based on the careful groundwork we had laid in our practice runs:


Home > News Tips
How to Uninstall Chrome on Mac [Updated in 2022]
Updated on Wednesday, November 30, 2022
iBoysoft author Rivers Wong
Written by
Rivers Wong
Professional tech editor
Approved by
Jessica Shee
Detailed Guide on How to Uninstall Chrome on Mac
how to uninstall Chrome on Mac
Google Chrome is the most popular and widely used web browser so far. With its fluency, security, complete Google Account integration, and extensive feature set, Chrome has established itself as an industry benchmark for web browsers. However, you may want to uninstall it from your Mac for a variety of reasons.
Whether to free up space on Mac, switching from Google Chrome to other web browsers (like Safari or Firefox), or thinking Chrome just isn't the browser for you, you should know how to uninstall Chrome on Mac properly. That's why this article comes in! Read on for more information.
Table of Contents:
How to clear browsing data on Chrome?
Before we dive in to uninstall Google Chrome on Mac, it's a good idea to erase all your browsing history/data on Chrome first. By default, Chrome stores cookies, caches, browsing histories, and passwords in browsing data.
All these data may still remain on Google's servers or on other devices you own that are linked to your Google accounts and Google apps after you remove Chrome from your Mac computer. So, you can follow these steps to manually clear Chrome browsing data:
 1. Launch Google Chrome on your Mac computer.
 2. Click on the three-dot menu icon at the top right, then select More Tools > Clear Browsing Data. Also, you can press the Command + Shift + Delete keys together, it works the same.
 clear Chrome browsing data
 3. A pop-up window appears, open the Time range drop-down menu, select a wanted time range (All time is recommended), then tick the checkboxes next to Browsing history, Cookies and other site data, and Cached images and files, click the Clear data button.eliminate Google Chrome browsing history
Now, all your Chrome browsing data is removed successfully. It's time to uninstall Google Chrome from your Mac, let's get started!
If you think this content is helpful, share it with more people!

How do I completely uninstall Google Chrome on Mac?
Uninstall apps on Mac sounds like a simple task, but do you know that merely moving an app from the Application folder to Mac Trash is still a long way from completely purging it from your Mac? Despite the app itself, there are still some leftover files hiding in your device.
So, to completely remove Google Chrome from your Mac computer, you need to first uninstall the Chrome app, then find and clear its service files (profile information). Now you can follow the steps below one by one.
Step 1: Uninstall the Google Chrome app on Mac
Here's how to remove Google Chrome from Mac:
 1. Make sure Google Chrome is not running on your Mac. If it is running, you can quit it by right-clicking on the Chrome app in Mac Dock, then choose Quit.
 If there's something wrong with Chrome, like it would not respond or is frozen, you can press the Command + Option + Esc keys to open the Force Quit Applications window, then force quit an app on Mac there.force quit Google Chrome on Mac
 2. Launch Mac Finder, and click on Applications from the left column.
 3. Right-click on the Chrome app, then choose Move to Trash. Note that drag Chrome from Dock into Trash will not uninstall it, but merely remove it from the Dock.uninstall Google Chrome on Mac
 4. Right-click on the Trash and choose Empty Trash. Now the Google Chrome app is gone from your Mac.
To completely uninstall Google Chrome on Mac, there's one more step you should do, keep up!
Step 2: Eliminate all Chrome service files
Removing the Chrome app from your Mac computer would not delete all of Chrome's leftover files for you. When Chrome is gone, all its related files (profile information) are useless, taking up storage space and may slow down your Mac. So, it's very important to get rid of this kind of file.
Here's how to remove Chrome service files on Mac:
 1. Launch Finder on your Mac computer, then press the Command + Shift +G keys together. Or, in the Apple menu, click Go > Go to Folder.
 2. In the Go to Folder window, type ~/Library/Application Support/Google/Chrome, then click the Go button. It will bring you the folder where Chrome stores its service files.clear Google Chrome service files
 3. Select all files and folders in this folder (you can do it by a keyboard shortcut: Command + A), right-click on them, and choose Move to Trash.remove Chrome service file from Mac
 4. Right-click on the Trash in your Mac Dock, then tap on Empty Trash. Now, all Chrome-related data will now be completely removed from your Mac.
Completely uninstall Google Chrome on Mac? Share this guide with more people now!

Conclusion
In this article, we tell you how to uninstall Chrome on Mac. To completely remove it from your device, simply drag the Chrome app to Mac Trash will not do. You'll need to eliminate Chrome service files from your Mac, otherwise, these useless files would continuously eat up your free storage space, and may slow down your Mac.
Though Google Chrome is such a great web browser, if you want to uninstall it for whatever reason, you can do it by following the guide mentioned in this article.
FAQ about how to uninstall Chrome on Mac
A
If you fail to uninstall Chrome from your Mac computer, and get this message 'Please close all Google Chrome windows and try again' when trying to do it, it could be that Chrome is running in the background. Simply quit it and uninstall it again.
A
Yes, Chrome is just a web browser, which has nothing to do with your Mac's operating system. After uninstalling it, your Mac will automatically switch the default browser from it to Safari, worry not.


Name
wordexp, wordfree — perform word expansion like a posix-shell
Synopsis
#include <wordexp.h>
int wordexp( const char *restrict s,
 wordexp_t *restrict p,
 int flags);

void wordfree( wordexp_t *p);

[Note] Note
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):
wordexp(), wordfree():
_XOPEN_SOURCE
DESCRIPTION
The function wordexp() performs a shell-like expansion of the string s and returns the result in the structure pointed to by p. The data type wordexp_t is a structure that at least has the fields we_wordc, we_wordv, and we_offs. The field we_wordc is a size_t that gives the number of words in the expansion of s. The field we_wordv is a char ** that points to the array of words found. The field we_offs of type size_t is sometimes (depending on flags, see below) used to indicate the number of initial elements in the we_wordv array that should be filled with NULLs.
The function wordfree() frees the allocated memory again. More precisely, it does not free its argument, but it frees the array we_wordv and the strings that points to.
The string argument
Since the expansion is the same as the expansion by the shell (see sh(1)) of the parameters to a command, the string s must not contain characters that would be illegal in shell command parameters. In particular, there must not be any unescaped newline or |, &, ;, <, >, (, ), {, } characters outside a command substitution or parameter substitution context.
If the argument s contains a word that starts with an unquoted comment character #, then it is unspecified whether that word and all following words are ignored, or the # is treated as a non-comment character.
The expansion
The expansion done consists of the following stages: tilde expansion (replacing ~user by user's home directory), variable substitution (replacing $FOO by the value of the environment variable FOO), command substitution (replacing $(command) or 'command' by the output of command), arithmetic expansion, field splitting, wildcard expansion, quote removal.
The result of expansion of special parameters ($@, $*, $#, $?, $−, $$, $!, $0) is unspecified.
Field splitting is done using the environment variable $IFS. If it is not set, the field separators are space, tab, and newline.
The output array
The array we_wordv contains the words found, followed by a NULL.
The flags argument
The flag argument is a bitwise inclusive OR of the following values:
WRDE_APPEND
Append the words found to the array resulting from a previous call.
WRDE_DOOFFS
Insert we_offs initial NULLs in the array we_wordv. (These are not counted in the returned we_wordc.)
WRDE_NOCMD
Don't do command substitution.
WRDE_REUSE
The argument p resulted from a previous call to wordexp(), and wordfree() was not called. Reuse the allocated storage.
WRDE_SHOWERR
Normally during command substitution stderr is redirected to /dev/null. This flag specifies that stderr is not to be redirected.
WRDE_UNDEF
Consider it an error if an undefined shell variable is expanded.
RETURN VALUE
On success, wordexp() returns 0. On failure, wordexp() returns one of the following nonzero values:
WRDE_BADCHAR
Illegal occurrence of newline or one of |, &, ;, <, >, (, ), {, }.
WRDE_BADVAL
An undefined shell variable was referenced, and the WRDE_UNDEF flag told us to consider this an error.
WRDE_CMDSUB
Command substitution requested, but the WRDE_NOCMD flag told us to consider this an error.
WRDE_NOSPACE
Out of memory.
WRDE_SYNTAX
Shell syntax error, such as unbalanced parentheses or unmatched quotes.
VERSIONS
wordexp() and wordfree() are provided in glibc since version 2.1.
ATTRIBUTES
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attributes(7).
Interface Attribute Value
wordexp() Thread safety MT-Unsafe race:utent const:env env sig:ALRM timer locale
wordfree() Thread safety MT-Safe
In the above table, utent in race:utent signifies that if any of the functions setutent(3), getutent(3), or endutent(3) are used in parallel in different threads of a program, then data races could occur. wordexp() calls those functions, so we use race:utent to remind users.
CONFORMING TO
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
EXAMPLES
The output of the following example program is approximately that of "ls [a-c]*.c".
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <wordexp.h>
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
 wordexp_t p;
 char **w;
 wordexp("[a−c]*.c", &p, 0);
 w = p.we_wordv;
 for (int i = 0; i < p.we_wordc; i++)
 printf("%s\n", w[i]);
 wordfree(&p);
 exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
SEE ALSO
fnmatch(3), glob(3)
COLOPHON
This page is part of release 5.13 of the Linux man-pages project. A description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the latest version of this page, can be found at _URL_
 Copyright (c) 2003 Andries Brouwer (aebcwi.nl)
%%%LICENSE_START(GPLv2+_DOC_FULL)
This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
the License, or (at your option) any later version.
The GNU General Public License's references to "object code"
and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any
document formatting or typesetting system, including
intermediate and printed output.
This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
License along with this manual; if not, see
<_URL_
%%%LICENSE_END


text:
Industrial metal grid resistors and metal grid resistor blocks are used as brake resistors, filters, crowbar resistors and loadbanks. Depending on Ohm value, the type of grid is selected. The power load determines the number of needed grids and the size of the cabinet. They are offered in IP00, IP10, IP13, IP20 and IP23.
Neutral Earthing resistors are used to limit a fault current when a short circuit arises between phase and neutral. The NER is designed to withstand the nominal current of the system during a given time (often 10 or 30 seconds). The fault current can trip an over current relay and switch off part of the grid. NER's are offered with and without a current transformer.
Filter resistors are offered in voltage of 12 / 17.5 / 24 / 36 / 52 / 72.5 kV in IP00 and IP23. Filter resistors are used in in power grids to improve the quality of the grid by filtering out higher harmonics. In many cases filter resistors need to comply with local directives. Danotherm offers filter resistors that comply with CIGRE WG 14.30 section 17 (specifications and design for AC filter in HVDC applications), IEC 60071-1 (insulation coordination) and IEC 60529 (Ingress Protection)
Brake resistors for Railway applications can be positioned on the roof, under the frame or inside the vehicle in a special compartment. Traction brake resistors are constructed according legislation and international directives. They are always customized and tailored to the ambient conditions such as air temperature, humidity, mechanical forces and dimensions. Test for homologation on vibration, fire and smoke and humidity are performed at external test facilities close to the factory.
Maarkaervej 1- 3
+45 3673 2222


text:
Final Thesis: Exploratory Data Analysis of Code Review Data
Abstract: The code review process is well established and an essential part during the development of open source software. To establish code reviews in open source projects, the process of code review is often supported and monitored by additional review tools like Gerrit. This thesis analyzed review data from Gerrit for some open source projects (i.e. Gromacs, Go and Typo3) with the main focus on the observation of the impact of highly active developers during the review process. Therefore, indicators to identify these active developers during the review process were introduced and used to prepare a selection of active developers. Based on this selection their impact during the review process was analyzed. By applying an appropriate threshold on the introduced indicators, the size of the selected highly active developers (top-k developers) can be customized. The final findings showed, that there is a small selection of top-k developers that have a strong impact on the review process of the open source project they participate in (e.g. 1% of the 2492 contributors in the Typo3 project provide about 70% of the measured review content). In addition to this analysis, the preparation of the review data from Gerrit and a short descriptive overview are presented.
Keywords: code review, network theory, social diffusion
PDFs: Bachelor Thesis
Reference: Jonas Zeuner. Exploratory Data Analysis of Code Review Data. Bachelor Thesis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg: 2019.


Engineering Challenge
On Wednesday 15 May, 11 pupils from Year 9 formed two teams, travelled to the Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm Museum in Yeovil and took part in the area Key Stage 3 Engineering Challenge. This trip was offered to pupils who have opted for GCSE DT.
The event set a complicated challenge and required pupils to work together in order to achieve the task. Each team required a manager, construction engineer, electronic engineer, buyer, machine operator and presenter.
The challenge set for each team was to design and build a self-levelling platform to launch aircraft from on board an aircraft carrier operating in high seas. To support this the Royal Navy built a simulator that they could switch on and would pitch and roll just like an aircraft carrier operating in stormy weather.
The picture above shows the simulator in action.
In addition to making the stable platform, teams had to make a launch an aircraft from the platform.
Grace and Will picture trying to figure out how to launch their aircraft.
If that's not a big enough challenge, the team also had to design and make a remote electronic firing mechanism and circuit.
Will, Will and Liam fixing wires into their electronic firing system.
Then came the team presentation and launch demonstration.
Both teams gained a massive amount from their experience and managed to achieve all the individual aspects of the challenge even if, come the launch, wires coming out and stabilization challenges scuppered their success a little.
I am so proud of these Year 9 pupils, they worked hard, formed cohesive teams and were a credit to Test Valley School. The experience has undoubtedly inspired them to the challenges at GCSE DT and I simply can't wait to start teaching them in September.
Written by Mr. Langdown.


text:
Training Course Agendas
All of our training courses are provided at no charge.
These course agendas are a representation of the course material presented for the specific classes. All material is subject to change depending on the specific needs of the clients at each course.
BRE 600: Webinar – Acid Gas Injection
This course covers the steps in modelling, analyzing, and optimizing acid gas injection via ProMax. Access to ProMax is not needed for this webinar, which will take approximately 1.5 hours. The webinar is hosted over WebEx, and information on how to connect to the session will be provided after registration. For more information about a particular BRE 600: Webinar course please
- Acid Gas Injection Process Overview
- Water Solubility in Acid Gases
- Appropriate Thermodynamic Packages
- Preventing Hydrate Formation
- Modelling Injection using Pipeline Block


text:
By the Homestead Congress
President Barack Obama has many times publicly expressed his admiration for President Abraham Lincoln, whose 200th birthday will be on February 12, 2009. Since Lincoln is the President who signed the Homestead Act into law on May 20, 1862 and the Homestead Congress exists to support the work of Homestead National Monument of America, we thought it might be fun to look at some of the similarities between the two leaders.
- Neither Lincoln nor Obama actually came from Illinois, but rather moved there later in life and eventually became top political leaders in the state.
- Both men were elected to the presidency at relatively young ages. Lincoln was elected at age 51, Obama at 47.
- The two presidents were both raised by women other than their birth mothers. President Lincoln was raised primarily by his stepmother. President Obama spent a great deal of his youth living with his grandmother.
- President Lincoln was considered tall for the age in which he lived, standing six feet, four inches. President Obama is also taller than average, standing six feet, one inch.
- Both men named political rivals to their cabinets after winning election to the presidency. Lincoln placed all three of the other major Republican candidates for the presidential nomination in 1860 into his cabinet: William H. Seward as Secretary of State; Salmon P. Chase as Secretary of the Treasury; and Edwin Bates as Attorney General. In President Obama's case, he named his major rival for the 2008 Democratic nomination, Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton, as his Secretary of State. Another who sought the Democratic nomination, Senator Joseph Biden, was tapped as Vice President. Interestingly, both Seward and Clinton were Senators from New York before becoming Secretary of State.
- President Obama was sworn into office with his hand on the same Bible on which President Lincoln took the presidential oath.
- President Lincoln signed the Homestead Act into law; President Obama referenced the Homestead Act several times during his campaign for the presidency.
Do you know of any other similarities between Presidents Lincoln and Obama? If so, post a comment let us know!


Charlie Chaplin in Limelight
Charlie Chaplin (1889 - 1977)
a.k.a. Charles Chaplin
Film Deaths[edit | edit source]
 - The Face on the Bar Room Floor (1914) [Artist]: Possbly dies of drink while trying to draw the face of the woman that left him. (While the film suggests he passes out, the poem ends with the artist dying.)
 - Sunnyside (1919) [Farm Handyman]: In a dream sequence, he commits suicide by standing in the path of an oncoming car; he wakes up just before the impact. (He survives the movie in reality.)
 - The Kid (1921) [A Tramp]: Shot to death by a policeman in a dream sequence. (Again, he survives the movie in reality.) (Thanks to Joseph)
 - Monsieur Verdoux (1947) [Henri Verdoux]: Executed (off-screen) by the guillotine. The movie opens with a shot of his tombstone as he begins narrating from beyond the grave, then ends as he is being led to the guillotine.
 - Limelight (1952) [Calvero]: Dies of a heart attack backstage at the theatre, after completing his comeback performance.
Noteworthy Connections[edit | edit source]


text:
The Crow Observatory
The Crow Observatory is open to the Washington University community on clear evenings, Monday through Thursday, during the fall and spring semesters. The open hours are 7:00 - 10:00 pm during standard time and 8:00 - 10:00 pm during daylight savings time. Visitors can check here or phone _PHONE_ during viewing hours to see if the Observatory is open.
The location is atop Crow Hall near the northeast corner of the WU Danforth Campus. You can enter the building through the south door, then go up the stairs and follow the signs. Admission is free, and members of the campus and local community are welcome. Groups numbering seven or more, or anyone who has special requirements, must make advance reservations by calling _PHONE_ during the day.
Acquired by Washington University in 1863, the telescope has an aperture of 6 inches and is high quality even though it is small by present-day standards. The observatory was originally on 18th Street in St. Louis, before the University moved to the Danforth campus after the 1904 World's Fair. Until 1950, the observatory stood west of Crow Hall. It was then closed and a new dome was constructed in the present location in 1954.
Tyson Research Center is a 2,000-acre environmental field station owned and operated by Washington University in St. Louis. Tyson provides opportunities for environmental research and education for students and faculty from Washington University and beyond. Infrastructure and programs facilitate multi-scale research and teaching opportunities and collaboration across disciplines, institutions, and levels of academic training. In the middle of the heavily wooded property, we located a clearing suitable to place the observatory. The sky is visible to within 30 degrees of the horizon in all directions, and the site is quite dark with no direct light and only relatively faint light from St. Louis in the distance.
The telescope consists of a 14 inch Celestron C-14 on a Takashashi NJP mount on a stainless steel pier to be permanently installed in a Prodome PD10 fiberglass dome. The focal plane instrumentation consists of an Optek MAXFILTER 2" filter changer (to house an imaging polarimeter) an Optek TCF-S temperature compensating focuser, a FLI CFW-2 filter wheel with RGB and other filters, followed by an FLI CM7-1E CCD camera. The camera uses a Kodak blue-plus CCD and includes a high-speed USB-2 interface. An SBIG STV camera and e-finder lens is used as an autoguider.
Tyson Research Center is located in St. Louis County, approximately 20 miles southwest of St. Louis, at the Beaumont-Antire exit (Exit #269) off I-44.


Greenspan's Anguish (Thoreau As Economic Prophet and Other Essays)
Can the environment and the economy survive and thrive in harmony?
Is it possible for the economy and the environment to survive and thrive in harmony?
"Yes," says Professor James Eggert in his new book, "Greenspan's Anguish (Thoreau as Economic Prophet and Other Essays)" (copyright 2013; Green Dragon Books).
"Greenspan's Anguish" contains 19 essays that explore the relationship between the economy and the environment, sustainability, and our relationship to the universe.
In addition to "Meadowlark Economics," which examines the value of the meadowlark, both as a symbol for what has gone wrong with our economy and as a symbol of what is essential to our existence, the book includes "Thoreau as Economic Prophet," "Darwin's Finches and Ford's Mustangs," "Then the Sun Came Up," "Craftsmanship and Salvation," and "The Coming Repair Age."
James Eggert is a writer and emeritus faculty member of the University of Wisconsin — Stout where he taught undergraduate students for 33 years. He also is the author of "What is Economics (fourth edition)," "Invitation to Economics," "Low-Cost Earth Shelters," "The Wonder of the Tao," and "Meadowlark Economics."
Global warming threatens the extinction of life on Earth. It can no longer be a question of the economy or the environment. We can all have "enough," and we can all do more to help the environment. If we don't do both — we will have neither. Professor Eggert's thought-provoking book is a good starting point.
This book would make a good supplemental text for high school or college classes pertaining to economics, the environment, ecology, sustainability and Henry David Thoreau.
LeAnn R. Ralph is the publicist for Professor Eggert.


text:
59.5. An employee who has availed himself of the first or second paragraph of section 59.1 may be credited with the years or parts of a year of service that had been credited to him before the date of the refund if he applies therefor and pays an amount equal to the amount that was refunded to him, with interest, compounded annually, at the rates determined for each period by this Act. The interest runs from the date of the refund until the date of the redemption proposal made by the Commission.
The amount established under the first paragraph is payable either in a lump sum or by instalments spread over the period and at the times determined by the Commission. If it is paid by instalments, it bears interest, compounded annually, at the rate in force on the date on which the application is received, computed from the date on which the redemption proposal made by the Commission expires.
The employee referred to in this section or in section 84 of the Act respecting the Pension Plan of Management Personnel (chapter R-12.1), if, in the latter case, section 3.2 of this Act applies to the employee, may also be credited with the years or parts of a year of service with which he had been credited before the date of the refund of the amount referred to in section 59.2, and the first and second paragraphs apply, adapted as required. He is then entitled to a pension credit equal to that to which he would have been entitled if the amount had not been refunded.
1993, c. 41, s. 13; 2001, c. 31, s. 282.


LINK="#0000bb" VLINK="#551a8b" ALINK="#ff0000">
Multiple-session, synchronous I/O engine
The pysnmp.mapping.udp.bulkrole module implements network transport that performat synchronous, blocking I/O over multiple BSD sockets at a time. This code is intended to be used in situations where a large number of SNMP entities need to be talked with at about the same time (consider a poll against multiple routers for gathering statistics at a specific time as an example).
This module defines the following items:
class manager([iface])
Returns a new instance of manager class, representing a bulk of synchronous SNMP managers, each of which can be running against its own SNMP agent.
The instances of manager class expose a standard list interface, where list items must be tuples of (address, data, ctx) where:
The iface parameter, if given, specifies the interface and port on local machine to bind() to. This argument must follow the socket module notation. All further requests would then be originated from the given interface/port.
The default for iface is ('0.0.0.0', 0) what stands for binding to a primary interface at the local machine.
Methods of the above classes may raise exceptions based on error.SnmpOverUdpError base class.
Subsections
_EMAIL_


Mitsubishi breaks long distance Terabits record
Companies could enjoy cheaper international telephone calls and broadband data connections following optical network enhancements...
This Article Covers
Companies could enjoy cheaper international telephone calls and broadband data connections following optical network enhancements achieved in Japan.
Mitsubishi Electric Corporation has succeeded in sending data at 1.3 terabits per second down a fibre-optic cable 8,400 kilometres in length.
While the speed does not represent an overall speed record, it is a record for the distance, which is equivalent to that from Tokyo to Southern California, the path that fibre-optic cables between Japan and the US often run.
The achievement could be replicated by operators across the world, including those that transport data and voice calls between UK and US companies.
Getting more data to travel along a fibre-optic cable is extremely important for the cable operators.
The high cost of laying undersea cables and keeping them in working order adds to the price telecommunication carriers pay to use the cables.
If more data can be sent along a single fibre, the construction and running costs can be shared between more customers and the price to each customer can be reduced.
One of the standard technologies employed commercially on such cables is dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM), a system that allows multiple beams of light to travel along the fibre at the same time without interfering with each other.
Researchers at Mitsubishi Electric used DWDM to group 65 signals together, each giving data speeds of 20 gigabits per second bps. This initiative achieved the total speed of 1.3 terabits per second.
To be able to send the data over the distance tested the engineers worked to refine the amplifiers used in the system, said Takashi Mizuochi, manager of the lightwave transmission team at Mitsubishi Electric's research centre in Kanagawa outside Tokyo.
At intervals along the route of the fibre, amplifiers must be placed to boost the light signal and clean up any interference with the signal.
First, the team improved the amplifiers to produce a stronger light beam that can travel up to 75 kilometres without the need for amplification. Current systems can only manage gaps of around 45 kilometres before an amplifier station is needed, said Mizuochi.
Secondly, the team expanded the bandwidth of the amplifiers so that they would be able to handle more channels. The new amplifiers have a 36-nanometer bandwidth compared to a 30-nanometer bandwidth on normal amplifiers, thus allowing around 10 more channels to be carried down the fibre.
With the 8,400-kilometre barrier broken, Mizuochi is turning his attention to longer distances.
"Now we are trying to expand the distance to 9,000 kilometres," he said.
Why this distance? A transpacific fibre cable often runs in a ring with different paths being taken by the northern and southern halves of the ring. The northern half covers a distance of 9,000 kilometres, he said.
Mitsubishi Electric plans to disclose more details about the transmission system during a presentation at the Optical Fibre Communication Conference scheduled to be held in Anaheim, California, on 20 March.
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text:
Beyond Streaming: A Sound Mural for Flint, installation view at the Eli and Edythe Broad Art Museum at Michigan State University, 2017, photo courtesy the Eli and Edythe Broad Art Museum at Michigan State University.
Intending to save $200 million dollars over the course of twenty-five years, in 2014 the city of Flint switched its water supply from the Detroit Water and Sewerage Department and, in its place, built a pipeline channeling water from the Flint River. This resulted in lead corrosion in city pipes, exposing tens of thousands of residents to toxic water, and a state of emergency was declared. Three years on, the reverberations of the Flint water crisis are still being felt. Beyond Streaming, an interactive "sound mural" at the Broad Art Museum, addresses the Flint water crisis, but this conceptual sculptural installation is merely a fraction of what this art project actually entails. Continue reading


text:
§ Mr. McCusker
To ask the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland what requirement he has to determine the mean, low water and maximum flow of a river at the sites of water mills, and the capacity of any water turbine, pelton wheel, or waterwheel being installed.
§ Mr. Viggers
There is no statutory requirement to determine the mean, low water and maximum flow of any watercourse.
It may be necessary when consenting to a new installation to establish the capacity of any water turbine, pelton wheel or waterwheel being installed to ensure that it does not adversely affect the flow of water in a watercourse. It is usually the case that an existing weir or dam is used as a source of power, leaving the regime of the watercourse unchanged.


synchronised when /M1 and /IORQ are both low (ie. the Z80 INTACK signal).
6. The SYNC is clocked by the rising edge of the CPU clock.
Scope pictures (above) show this.
7. The SYNC goes low on the 16th rising clock pulse AFTER the INTACK has gone high. The SYNC (and NMI if enabled) lasts 16 clock cycles and returns high on the 16th rising clock after it went low.
Scope pictures (above) show this.
8. When enabled, the NMI is produced at the same time as the SYNC.
As measured using an oscilloscope on the ZX81.
9. VSYNC and HSYNC are "AND"ed together. If any is low then the output is held low.
As measured using an oscilloscope on the ZX81.
10. The "Mic" out is not pure - it also has the HSYNC signals in it during save (!).
The "low" signal is clean (due to point 9, above), but when the "high" pulse is generated, the HSYNCS also within it produce many glitches. The reason being that the HSYNC generation can't be turned off, and a common output pin on the ULA is used.
The output R/C circuit actually filters out most of the 15KHz sync signal, so not much appears on the output, but it is very visible on the video/cassette output pin on the ULA.
This is visible on an oscilloscope when connected to the video/cassette output on the ZX81 ULA.
The connections for my circuit shown above has split the CSYNC and the Mic output signals to clean them up. However, the behaviour in point 10, above, can be introduced with slightly different wiring if a genuine accurate signal is wanted, as shown above in the
"Alternative SYNC OUT" notes.

SOME OF MY OTHER PAGES
Build your own ZX80 - my page showing you how to build this old micro
 |__ ZX80 to ZX81 conversion - build the NMI generator needed to convert the ZX80 circuit into a ZX81
 |__ ZX80 software - Type in a Space Invaders game into the ZX80
Build your own Jupiter Ace - my page showing you how to build this old micro
Build your own UK101 - my page showing you how to build a greatly simplified version of this old micro
Pong - Pictures of my build of the Atari classic arcade game
My Machines - My collection of classic 80's micros
To contact me, my current eMail address can be found here. Please note that this address may change to avoid spam.


text:
Instead of hitting the books, Eaton Rapids students got a lesson Wednesday, in going green.
"Cleaning up our planet is the obligation of our generation," says Devan Rostorfer, the Eaton Rapids High School senior who organized the Community Earth Day Festival as part of an independent study.
High school students spent Earth Day planting trees and shrubs, picking up debris, and beautifying the Playground of Dreams, because Rostorfer had an idea of her own.
"I thought, 'Why don't we bring the community groups together and sort of work on increasing environmental awareness,'" she says.
So, she organized the inaugural Community Earth Day Festival.
Parents, teachers and kids K-12 hit Howe Field ready to learn some environmentally-friendly lessons.
"We kind of show to the younger students that taking care of the earth and getting involved with the community is fun," Rostorfer says. "It's the cool thing to do."
Eaton Rapids' Earth Day festival is more than just one day to recognize the environment. It's part of a long term, community-wide goal to go green.
"We're going to try to reduce our energy costs by 10 percent, which is pretty aggressive when you think about having lights on in classrooms and running swimming pools and having computers on," says Bill DeFrance, superintendent of Eaton Rapids Public Schools.
The district is counting on this festival to show everyone how to pull the plug on wasteful behavior.
"The goal is really for kids to feel like they can have an impact on the environment," DeFrance says. "I think with one person it starts small, but when you get a group of people involved, it really becomes big pretty quick."
For now, they're planting the seed.


text:
Looking at the definitions of again and wieder we're able to figure out which meanings are identical and which are different.
1 one more time; on another occasion
1 drückt eine Wiederholung aus; ein weiteres Mal, wie früher schon einmal; erneut
2 showing that somebody/something is in the same place or state that they were in originally
2 drückt eine Rückkehr in einen früheren Zustand aus; drückt aus, dass etwas rückgängig gemacht wird
3 added to an amount that is already there
4 used to show that a comment or fact is connected with what you have just said
5 (then/there again) used to introduce a fact or an opinion that contrasts with what you have just said
3 gleichzeitig, andererseits [aber auch]
6 used when you ask somebody to tell you something or repeat something that you think they have told you already
6 (noch, doch) drückt in Fragesätzen aus, dass der Sprecher nach etwas Bekanntem fragt, was ihm im Moment nicht einfällt
As you can see there are two meanings of again that aren't represented by wieder. In the following sentence you can't use wieder in German.
The cost is about half as much again as it was two years ago.
And again, we must think of the cost.
Side note: There are also definitions of wieder that aren't covered by again; hence, you can't translate wieder to again in every case.
Last but not least: in some sentences German natives would tend to use a synonym like nochmals where again is used in English.
Could you say it again, please? - Kannst du das bitte nochmals sagen.
The last definition is taken from the entry of doch.


text: Studies of neuron-behaviour correlation and causal manipulation have long been used separately to understand the neural basis of perception. Yet these approaches sometimes lead to drastically conflicting conclusions about the functional role of brain areas. Theories that focus only on choice-related neuronal activity cannot reconcile those findings without additional experiments involving large-scale recordings to measure interneuronal correlations. By expanding current theories of neural coding and incorporating results from inactivation experiments, we demonstrate here that it is possible to infer decoding weights of different brain areas without precise knowledge of the correlation structure. We apply this technique to neural data collected from two different cortical areas in macaque monkeys trained to perform a heading discrimination task. We identify two opposing decoding schemes, each consistent with data depending on the nature of correlated noise. Our theory makes specific testable predictions to distinguish these scenarios experimentally without requiring measurement of the underlying noise correlations.


Nigeria Civil War Effect On Aboh Mbaise Local Government Area Imo State
Nigeria Civil War Effect On Aboh Mbaise Local Government Area Imo State
Background of the Study
The period _PHONE_ is a very remarkable period in the history of Nigeria. During this period, the country witnessed a devastating civil war characterized by unwanted destruction of lives and property.
The Nigeria Civil War is so significant that the history if this country would be incomplete without a survey of the circumstances that led to the war and the effects it had on the people that fought the war and the neighbouring communities. Although Nigeria as a whole witnessed the impact of the war, the people of the Eastern region suffered most because the war was fought in their territory.
This study is designed to investigate the effects of the Nigerian Civil War on Aboh-Mbaise L.G.A of Imo State, which was torn apart by the cruel war. This prosperous community was ravaged of her progressive and population. While the war lasted, it influenced both men and women by bringing them face to face with the ghastly realities of battle in a town where the sound of gun and other weapons of war were never heard before, it exposed children to hunger and death. The happy days of men and women at work on their own occasion and for their own profit disappeared from millions of people.
War is always a terrible things, it most often connotes deaths, injury, hunger and suffering. however courteous the soldier may be, by their nature, by their training and orders, they must seek to destroy their enemies. The very events of the recent conflict in Nigeria have inevitably made matters worse than might have been the case.
The effect of the war on Aboh-Mbaise is a turning point in the history of Nigeria and the then Eastern region and Aboh-Mbaise in particular. It marked a new dispensation in the government of the communities in Aboh-Mbaise.
Statement of the Problem
The Nigerian Civil War has come and gone but the stigma has remained. This is because of the negative effects of the war on the economic, social and political life of the people of Aboh mbaise. forty two years after the Civil War, people from other ethnic groups in Nigeria regarded the Igbos as enemies when in actual fact, it should not be so, Instead of looking at the war as a unifying factor, some people still approach it from a secessionist point of view.
This pre-conserved notion should be changed in order to ensure peace, unity and progress of the country.
It should be stated here that having officially declared an end to the war on the 10th of January 1970, the Federal Government adopted the slogan "No Victor, No vanquished". In line with the above slogan, one would have expected the government of the federal Republic of Nigeria to integrate the Igbos as was the case in the United States of America. After the Nigeria Civil War however, certain policies of federal government were deliberatly aimed at discriminating and marginalizing the Igbos.
This research work by acting as a catalyst would explore areas through which the country would remain together and forge ahead based on equitable distribution of resources, equal participation in governance and equality before the law. It is therefore believed that at the end of this study, peoples' attitude to the war will be inclined towards the appreciation of it's positive consequences.
Purpose of Study
This study is aimed at investigating the following.
Significance of Study
This research work would be of immense benefit to the people of Aboh-Mbaise Local Government Area as it will help to rediscover their socio-economic, political and educational background.
Furthermore, the Ministry of Education would benefit from this research work since it offers an opportunity on educational planning and policy making.
The Federal Government would benefit immensely from this research work as it would provide solutions to the lingering ethnic rivalry and political imbalance plaguing the Nigerian Political System.
Research Questions
This research work is focusing on the effect of Nigerian Civil War on Aboh-Mbaise Local Government Area of Imo State. In order to achieve the set objectives, the underlisted research questions were formulated to guide the study.
They are as follows:
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A Summary of Flightdeck Observer Data From SafeFlight 21 OpEval-2
KURT (JOSEPH M) AVIATION HUMAN FACTORS CONSULTANT AUSTIN TX
Pagination or Media Count:
In 2000, the Cargo Airlines Association and the Federal Aviation Administration conducted Operational Evaluation 2 OpEval-2 of Cockpit Display of Traffic Information CDTI and Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast ADS-B technologies at the Standiford International Airport in Louisville, KY. This evaluation was designed to demonstrate the benefits of CDTIADS-B, including safety, efficiency, and capacity. Toward this end, five flight periods were designed to test five different applications Airport Surface Situation Awareness ASSA, Departure Spacing, Initial and Final Approach Spacing, Final Approach Runway Occupancy Awareness FAROA, and Visual Acquisition and Traffic Awareness. OpEval-2 included 16 aircraft of various types and their flight crews. Flightdeck observers accompanied these flight crews to record human factors data. This report summarizes the collection and analysis of flightdeck observer data. In addition, the report includes empirically based recommendations for addressing human factors issues related to certification of CDTI for the five applications that were tested in OpEval-2.
- Military Aircraft Operations


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- Old Dominion Surveyor
- Find A Surveyor
The Virginia Association of Surveyors (VAS) was established in 1948 to promote the best practices of our members, provide a forum for discussion, and offer professional development courses to licensed, practicing surveyors in the Commonwealth. Additionally, VAS has expanded its reach to support future surveyors, technicians, and the public to further recognize the contributions the surveying profession provides to the community.
VAS serves the public and the profession through outreach and activities, such as conferences, scholarships, and advocacy. VAS is an affiliate of the National Society of Professional Surveyors (NSPS) and American Association for Geodetic Surveying (AAGS).


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The Africa Cup of Nations commonly referred to as the TotalEnergies Africa Cup of Nations for sponsorship reasons, or simply AFCON or CAN, is the main international men's association football competition in Africa.
It is sanctioned by the Confederation of African Football (CAF), and was first held in 1957.
However, it is not all nations that have participated that have held the cup.
Here are the top 3 countries with the most AFCON tittles and the total number of tittles they have.
1. Egypt (7 Tittles)
The Pharaohs of Egypt have dominated African football from the first edition of AFCON.
The Egyptians have won the Africa Cup of Nations a record seven times, including three times consecutively in the 2000s.
Egypt won the first two editions of the competition in 1957 and 1959 by defeating Ethiopia and Sudan, respectively.
The Pharaohs won the tournament in 1986 and 1998, too, before their most dominant run in the tournament.
Egypt won the competition thrice consecutively in 2006, 2008 and 2010.
They remain the only side to have won the competition three times in succession since the inception of the tournament.
However, in the tournament currently holding in Ivory Coast, they were sacked by DR Congo in an epic penalty shootout in the round-of-16 match.
2. Cameroon (5 AFCON Tittles)
Cameroon have been a top footballing nation in Africa since the commencement of the AFCON tournament.
The Indomitable Lions have won the trophy five times in their history.
Cameroon won their first three titles in 1984, 1988 and 2000 by beating the same team, Nigeria, in the final each time.
They also won the tournament in 2002 after defeating Senegal.
Following their triumph in 2002, they joined Ghana and Egypt, as the only sides to win the tournament four times since its inception.
The Indomitable Lions claimed another title in 2017 at the expense of Egypt to make it five AFCON titles in total.
Cameroon boast of the highest scorer in the history of the competition in striker Samuel Eto'o.
Also, they could not make it to the quarter-final of the current tournament.
3. Ghana (4 AFCON Tittles)
Ghana's Black Stars dominated early editions of AFCON.
The West African giants have won the title four times in their history, making them one of the most successful sides in the history of the competition.
Ghana's first AFCON triumph came in 1963 at the expense of Sudan.
Their second triumph came two years later with Tunisia their victims this time.
Ghana claimed a third title on home soil in 1978 after defeating Uganda in the final.
The national side won their fourth title in 1982 at the expense of Libya.
However, the Black Stars were the first side to win the trophy four times in the history of the tournament.
Despite being one of Africa's best teams of the 21st century and featuring stars like Michael Essien, Asamoah Gyan and Andre Ayew, Ghana have failed to win AFCON since 1982.
The Black Stars were knocked out of the ongoing edition in the group stage after a 2-1 defeat to Cape Verde.
Read more: AFCON 2024: Which Team Could Win The Trophy?
However, the winner of the ongoing AFCON would be known on Sunday, February 11, where the Super Eagles of Nigeria would have a clash with the hosts, Ivory Coast.
2023 AFCON: How Nigeria Players Are Parading The Best Attacking Side In The Game


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Live event coverage, FMC 2010 (DC Policy Day) morning panel. Live stream transmission.
Primer: The Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) is a proposed multilateral trade agreement for establishing international standards on intellectual property rights enforcement among participating countries. Supporters argue that this treaty is a crucial step in protecting intellectual property from counterfeiting and unauthorized distribution in an increasingly globalized, networked world. Critics contend that ACTA threatens to impose harsh restrictions on consumers, and that it could override sovereign nations' copyright laws. Until recently, open debate was constricted by the confidential nature of negotiations, thus fomenting many rumors about the proposed terms of the agreement. FMC welcomes expert panelists to discuss the terms under consideration, which parties seek what outcomes, and the status of the multilateral deliberations.
Patricone: 'We cannot support the act to text as it stands,' points to rigorous copyright penalties 'without exporting the exceptions' for which our industry depends. We are 'big free traders,' but 'significant issues with AFTA as it stands.'
Eric J. Schwartz: Notes only speaking on his own behalf. On a historical note on treaties, countries understand that treaties need updating. Focus is often on law, not necessarily on enforcement. In the music industry, debate not necessarily on law, but how to enforce the laws.
Then, 'nobody forces a country to enforce anything,' and 'sharing of information is often as important as the agreement itself' to get good practices in place, 'that is a lot of what is going on'.
Currently ACTA 'has a lot of bracketed text' so saying what it will do 'is a bit premature' and 'a lot of provisions yet to be' firmed up.
Richard Bengloff: A2IM is supporting ACTA, and part of a 'coalition that is supporting ACTA'. And 'did not see final document until May when it was released.'


returns to playing out the scheduled timeline, playback skips ahead to the date/time it should have been playing if there had been no manual operator intervention.
It is also possible to begin and end live signal playback using TAKE button in Nimbus web UI. In this case, the live event has to be previously scheduled but the start and end time is chosen manually by the channel operator. You can also use the "Wait for operator" option for the scheduled live event which will make it so that the timeline shifts automatically based on the precise moment the TAKE command is executed and the eventual duration of the live event. Of course, usually, this means that the playout operator will need to correct the actual timeline of the channel to compensate for any gaps/overlaps that resulted from the manual TAKE operation by the operator.
Partially scheduled
Some live events might be partially scheduled "by nature". For example, a sports event would typically have a set start time and a variable duration and end time. In this case, you would use the "Wait for operator" option for the live event and possibly also lock the next significant event in the timeline to see what the resultant gap is. Again, the live event can be ended by the operator manually in the playout's web UI, or by using the previously mentioned SCTE-35 cues or even REST API calls.
Latency handling
One of the most often asked questions is about the latency in cloud playout. The latency of a system is the delay between the instant a sample enters and the instant it leaves the system. In a TV broadcast system, the delay is respectively between the first pixel of a video frame entering the transmitter through the video input and the first pixel of the same video frame going out of the receiver on the video output. While in on-premise SDI-based workflows latency is considered to be non-existent or negligible, in a system transmitting compressed video from studio to the cloud playout, latency will be at least 500 milliseconds depending on the network connection latency in-between. Traditional broadcasters often stress the need to achieve zero latency, but the world has changed, - most TV channel viewers use mobile devices streaming feeds from OTT networks. Various streaming protocols used, like HLS/DASH or even RTMP, introduce a substantial amount of extra latency - starting with a few seconds usually, and ending in minutes. Of course, the introduction of signal compression/encoding in the signal processing/delivery chain also introduces some amount of added latency, but this part is usually negligible.
In a cloud playout workflow a typical/expected live signal latency (studio-to-playout) would usually start with about 4 seconds. It should be fixed using static buffers, measured and respected. In terms of switching, we mentioned several methods in the previous chapters. Our view is that the SCTE-35 based to/from live signal switching is the most precise one available for the cloud-based workflows, seconded by virtual REST API web based requests.
Conclusion
It is possible and quite straight-forward to play live events in a linear TV channel using cloud-based playouts. Live shows from a studio, live sports events, live productions from off-site locations can be transported and played out reliably, and there are multiple broadcasters who are doing this for several years already. There are also several methods of how to transport, route, switch and monitor the live signals/feeds. Besides Tier 1 level uncompressed IP type transport, there are two major protocols/technologies used today - Zixi and SRT. We see more and more hardware and public cloud providers building products with built-in support for these transport technologies, and it shows that the broadcast industry is moving towards a fully cloud-based broadcasting.
 1. There is a new promising protocol RIST (Reliable Internet Stream Transport), released by VSF - an international association comprised of service providers, users and manufacturers. _URL_ . The protocol will potentially replace SRT and Zixi protocols as both Haivision and Zixi are members of the VSF.
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Merging digital surface models sourced from multi-satellite imagery and their consequent application in automating 3D building modelling
Sadeq, Haval AbdulJabbar (2015) Merging digital surface models sourced from multi-satellite imagery and their consequent application in automating 3D building modelling. PhD thesis, University of Glasgow.
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Abstract
Recently, especially within the last two decades, the demand for DSMs (Digital Surface Models) and 3D city models has increased dramatically. This has arisen due to the emergence of new applications beyond construction or analysis and consequently to a focus on accuracy and the cost.
This thesis addresses two linked subjects: first improving the quality of the DSM by merging different source DSMs using a Bayesian approach; and second, extracting building footprints using approaches, including Bayesian approaches, and producing 3D models.
Regarding the first topic, a probabilistic model has been generated based on the Bayesian approach in order to merge different source DSMs from different sensors. The Bayesian approach is specified to be ideal in the case when the data is limited and this can consequently be compensated by introducing the a priori. The implemented prior is based on the hypothesis that the building roof outlines are specified to be smooth, for that reason local entropy has been implemented in order to infer the a priori data. In addition to the a priori estimation, the quality of the DSMs is obtained by using field checkpoints from differential GNSS. The validation results have shown that the model was successfully able to improve the quality of the DSMs and improving some characteristics such as the roof surfaces, which consequently led to better representations. In addition to that, the developed model has been compared with the Maximum Likelihood model which showed similar quantitative statistical results and better qualitative results. Perhaps it is worth mentioning that, although the DSMs used in the merging have been produced using satellite images, the model can be applied on any type of DSM.
The second topic is building footprint extraction based on using satellite imagery. An efficient flow-line for automatic building footprint extraction and 3D model construction, from both stereo panchromatic and multispectral satellite imagery was developed. This flow-line has been applied in an area of different building types, with both hipped and sloped roofs. The flow line consisted of multi stages. First, data preparation, digital orthoimagery and DSMs are created from WorldView-1. Pleiades imagery is used to create a vegetation mask. The orthoimagery then undergoes binary classification into 'foreground' (including buildings, shadows, open-water, roads and trees) and 'background' (including grass, bare soil, and clay). From the foreground class, shadows and open water are removed after creating a shadow mask by thresholding the same orthoimagery. Likewise roads have been removed, for the time being, after interactively creating a mask using the orthoimagery. NDVI processing of the Pleiades imagery has been used to create a mask for removing the trees. An 'edge map' is produced using Canny edge detection to define the exact building boundary outlines, from enhanced orthoimagery. A normalised digital surface model (nDSM) is produced from the original DSM using smoothing and subtracting techniques. Second, start Building Detection and Extraction. Buildings can be detected, in part, in the nDSM as isolated relatively elevated 'blobs'. These nDSM 'blobs' are uniquely labelled to identify rudimentary buildings. Each 'blob' is paired with its corresponding 'foreground' area from the orthoimagery. Each 'foreground' area is used as an initial building boundary, which is then vectorised and simplified. Some unnecessary details in the 'edge map', particularly on the roofs of the buildings can be removed using mathematical morphology. Some building edges are not detected in the 'edge map' due to low contrast in some parts of the orthoimagery. The 'edge map' is subsequently further improved also using mathematical morphology, leading to the 'modified edge map'. Finally, A Bayesian approach is used to find the most probable coordinates of the building footprints, based on the 'modified edge map'. The proposal that is made for the footprint a priori data is based on the creating a PDF which assumes that the probable footprint angle at the corner is 90o and along the edge is 180o, with a less probable value given to the other angles such as 45o and 135o. The 3D model is constructed by extracting the elevation of the buildings from the DSM and combining it with the regularized building boundary. Validation, both quantitatively and qualitatively has shown that the developed process and associated algorithms have successfully been able to extract building footprints and create 3D models.
Item Type: Thesis (PhD)
Qualification Level: Doctoral
Keywords: GIS, Geomatic, Digital Surface Model, 3D building models, Bayesian approach
Subjects: G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > G Geography (General)
Colleges/Schools: College of Science and Engineering > School of Geographical and Earth Sciences
Supervisor's Name: Drummond, Dr. Jane
Date of Award: 2015
Depositing User: Haval AbdulJabbar Sadeq
Unique ID: glathesis:2015-6861
Copyright: Copyright of this thesis is held by the author.
Date Deposited: 12 Nov 2015 10:34
Last Modified: 10 Dec 2015 16:06
URI: _URL_
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Is there a way that I can use the same monitor with both my desktop and notebook computers, without constantly switching cables?KVM Switch
You need a KVM switch (KVM stands for keyboard, video, monitor). This lets you hook a single keyboard, monitor, and mouse up to multiple PCs and notebooks. The actual computers can run simultaneously, while the monitor displays only what's running on the selected computer; the mouse and keyboard control the selected system.
A button on the front of the KVM lets you toggle between systems. In your case, you wanted the monitor to extend the amount of data displayed on your notebook. That's no problem, as long as your notebook supports dual displays.D-Link DKVM-2
KVM switches are particularly useful in server rooms, where dozens of servers can be hooked into one KVM. For your purposes, though, a personal KVM switch is perfect. A good place to start is with a D-Link DKVM-2 ($49 direct), which can handle two PCs. (Similar switches are available from companies such as Avocent, Belkin, and Linksys.) The DKVM-2 comes with two PS/2 mouse ports and two PS/2 keyboard ports. As with most switches, the cables cost extra, so make sure you buy the shortest cables you can. Six-foot cables are about $15 each.
If you're using a notebook with only one PS/2 connector, you may want to use a docking station with two connectors. (D-Link Systems Inc., )
—Richard Fisco, Technical Director


- Question: Hellllllllllo! Just wondering if 1 cigarette takes off 11 minutes of someone's life the oldest person ever (Jeanne calment-122) smoked until she was well over 110. If she never smoked what are the chances of her living quite a while longer?
 Asked by amckeswick to Robyn on 19 Mar 2020.
 - Photo: Robyn Kiy
 Robyn Kiy answered on 19 Mar 2020:
 This is a really interesting question that has made me stop and think!
 The statistic about 1 cigarette taking between 7 and 11 minutes off a life is an estimate of the average time a cigarette takes off a persons life. This doesn't mean that this will be the same for every person! Other elements such as lifestyle (e.g. diet and exercise) and genetics can influence the health of a person, and thus their life expectancy. For example, it is possible for someone who smokes 5 cigarettes a day but eats healthily, exercises regularly, and has a low-risk job to outlive a non-smoker who leads an otherwise unhealthy lifestyle (although this isn't guaranteed, of course!).
 It is likely that Jeanne Calment's genetics provided her with an element of protection from the dangers of smoking cigarettes.
 Based off the assumption that cigarettes reduce life expectancy, it may be possible that without smoking Jeanne would have lived longer! However, if Jeanne Calment was not susceptible to the damage caused by smoking, it may also be possible that never smoking would have no impact on the time of her death.
 Unfortunately, I couldn't predict the exact chances of her living longer if she hadn't smoked. However, as we know that smoking does reduce the life-expectancy of the average person, it is definitely possible that Jeanne Calment may have lived longer had she not smoked!


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Thousands of Victorians are signing up for Free TAFE courses to improve their employability in a post COVID-19 world.
They're taking advantage of the Victorian Government's Free TAFE for Priority Courses program. The scheme launched in 2019 and was expanded in June this year by an additional 10,000 places.
The program funds studies for Victoria's future high-demand jobs.
"We're giving Victorians workers and industry the skills they need to help us rebuild from coronavirus," said Gayle Tierney, Minister for Training and Skills and Higher Education.
Students across Victoria are snapping up the Free TAFE courses. Enrolments at TAFEs almost doubled in the first year, particularly among women, young people and mature-aged students.
Recently, the government added $163 million to its initial $172 million investment in the scheme. The latest courses to be added to the list include qualifications in health, mental health, the NDIS and construction.
The expansion to the Free TAFE program will come as a lifeline to many whose lives have been turned upside down by the pandemic.
Recent data from Seek shows that 8 out of 10 people have had their work impacted by COVID-19.
Speaking to the true depths of the crisis, the same research also shows 1 out of 4 people are working fewer hours.
Current unemployment rates are particularly grim for casual and contract workers, often in the younger age group. Of casual workers, 1 out of 3 have lost their jobs and 1 out of 5 contractors have lost their jobs since COVID-19.
Despite the fallout from the pandemic, we are seeing some positive trends.
The Seek research shows some industries have a growing demand for workers. These include healthcare, transport and IT.
And according to government predictions, job growth is forecast for health, construction, education and professional, scientific and technical services.
For workers who've lost jobs due to COVID-19, this could be the perfect time to retrain or upskill.
Through opportunities like the Free TAFE program, people can more easily shift from weakening industries to in-demand ones.
When you sign up for one of the Free TAFE courses, the government pays your whole tuition fees, which makes up the bulk of your fees.
You may have to cover some extra fees yourself, like student services and materials, but these won't break the bank.
To be eligible for a Free TAFE course, you need to meet one of two conditions. You have to be under 20 years old or enrol in a course at a higher level than your current qualifications.
The free courses include about 30 non apprenticeship courses and 20 pathway-to-apprenticeship courses.
Students who've enrolled in priority courses have had great success in their careers. Take Bea Hennessey, who did a Certificate III in Health Services Assistance (HLT33115) at Box Hill Institute.
"It was a perfect fit for me. After the first semester, I was ready to start my clinical placement at the Austin Hospital," said Bea.
"About two months after I completed my certificate, I'd been offered two positions there!"
Like Bea, Paul Yao took a leap forward in his building and construction career. After completing his certificate and diploma at Box Hill Institute, Paul started his own business and did a master's degree.
"My experience at Box Hill was so positive. Just take one step at a time. You can never imagine where learning will take you," said Paul.
"People ask if they should continue their studies. I always say, why not? Everything makes more sense when you study. I never imagined I'd be where I am when I first started."
Box Hill Institute is a Victorian TAFE with a track record of placing students in jobs, reporting 78% of alumni get jobs within the first 6 months of graduating.
Box Hill Institute also helps students into jobs through its Skills and Jobs Centres, where career advisors help students hunt for jobs and submit applications.
Box Hill Institute offers a number of the Free TAFE courses and many other government subsidised courses. To name just a few, courses span across health, nursing, education, horticulture, hospitality, cyber security and construction.
In addition to Free TAFE courses, the government subsidises another 1,000 courses. While these pay-outs don't cover the whole tuition, they do help with a good chunk of the course fees. Concessions are also available.


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Integrated on-chip solid state capacitor based on vertically aligned carbon nanofibers, grown using a CMOS temperature compatible process
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2018
Complete miniaturized on-chip integrated solid-state capacitors have been fabricated based on conformal coating of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNFs), using a CMOS temperature compatible micro-fabrication processes. The 5 mu m long VACNFs, operating as electrode, are grown on a silicon substrate and conformally coated by aluminum oxide dielectric using atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. The areal (footprint) capacitance density value of 11-15 nF/mm(2) is realized with high reproducibility. The CMOS temperature compatible microfabrication, ultra-low profile (less than 7 mu m thickness) and high capacitance density would enables direct integration of micro energy storage devices on the active CMOS chip, multi-chip package and passives on silicon or glass interposer. A model is developed to calculate the surface area of VACNFs and the effective capacitance from the devices. It is thereby shown that 71% of surface area of the VACNFs has contributed to the measured capacitance, and by using the entire area the capacitance can potentially be increased.