What Data Type Is Yes No in SQL?
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Larry Thompson
What Data Type Is Yes No in SQL?
In SQL, the data type for representing a Yes/No value is typically called a bit data type. The bit data type is used to store boolean values, where 1 represents true (Yes) and 0 represents false (No).
It is commonly used to represent binary or Boolean values in a database table.
Bit Data Type
The bit data type in SQL can be considered as the smallest unit of storage in terms of memory consumption. It typically requires only 1 byte of storage space, and its value can either be 0 or 1.
This small size makes it highly efficient for storing boolean values with minimal storage requirements.
To define a column with the bit data type in SQL, you can use the following syntax:
column_name BIT
For example, if you have a table called "Employees" and want to add a column to represent whether an employee is active or not, you can use the bit data type:
CREATE TABLE Employees (
 EmployeeID int,
 Name varchar(50),
 IsActive bit
);
Using Bit Data Type in SQL Queries
When working with the bit data type in SQL queries, you can use it within conditional statements such as WHERE clauses or in conjunction with logical operators.
Here's an example of a SELECT statement using the bit data type:
SELECT EmployeeID, Name
FROM Employees
WHERE IsActive = 1;
In this example, we are selecting the EmployeeID and Name columns from the Employees table where the IsActive column is set to 1 (true/Yes). This query will return all active employees.
Conclusion
In SQL, the bit data type is commonly used to represent Yes/No or boolean values. It is a compact and efficient way to store binary information, requiring only 1 byte of storage space.
By understanding how to define columns with the bit data type and how to use it in SQL queries, you can effectively handle boolean values in your database tables.
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If your little ones are obsessed with singing "Let It Go" or in love with that special little snowman then these Frozen crafts for preschoolers are just what they need! They can make their own Olaf, Anna and Elsa to play with or they can make something to decorate their room!
Fun Frozen Crafts
Your child will be entertained for hours with these Frozen crafts! Watch their imagination come to life as they work to create their favorite Frozen characters! We had no chill when putting together these 15 Frozen crafts for your preschooler!
The possibilities of these Frozen crafts are endless…
- Decorate the Christmas tree with Elsa and Olaf ornaments!
- Watch (and sing along to) Frozen as you wave your newly created Elsa wand around!
- Act out your own sequel to the movie once you have made your very own Frozen puppets!
- Add some decor to your bedroom with Frozen snow globes!
- Save your spot when reading about Elsa and Anna's adventures with your homemade Frozen bookmarks!
These are just a few of the many Frozen crafts that are in store for you and your family! You and your littles are guaranteed to have a great time together no matter which Frozen activities you make! Most of these crafts are very easy to put together and you probably already have most of the supplies on hand!
Supplies Needed to Create the Frozen Crafts
Each Frozen craft has specific items you will need, but here is a list of common supplies most of the crafts use! Be sure to grab these items and let the Frozen fun begin!
Make Your Own Frozen Crafts
We love providing easy and fun crafts for you and your family! Enjoy these Frozen crafts for preschoolers – get your glue sticks and scissors ready, you have hours of fun ahead!

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Global Band Ligators Market: Overview
Band ligators are surgical devices used for ligation of deep vessels and inaccessible parts. The medical device allows gastroenterologists to look into the oesophagus and rectal walls to detect tumors or hemorrhoids and remove them from the body. It is an outpatient procedure performed with or without a stent. However, depending on the skill and experience of the surgeon, endoscopy ligators can be used for virtually any hemorrhoids of any size. Endoscope with ligators is used for visualization of internal hemorrhoids in the rectum. Patients who are pregnant, morbidly obese, or have a blood clotting disorder can opt for band ligators in the treatment procedure. Increase in incidence of hemorrhoids among the adult population and rise in adoption of single use devices are likely drive physician preference for treating patients with ligators. Moreover, technological developments in endoscopic diagnostic techniques and development of medical sensors are paving the way for early diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhoids diseases.
Global Band Ligators Market: Trends and Opportunities
Rise in prevalence of diseases such as colon cancer and anal cancer, increase in the geriatric population, and surge in research and development initiatives are projected to drive the global band ligators market. Moreover, adverse effects of laser treatment procedures on hemorrhoids, rise in government funding, improving hospital infrastructure, and aggressive marketing by medical device companies propel the global market. Favorable reimbursements and novel treatment procedures are anticipated to boost the growth of the global band ligators market during the forecast period. However, undesired systemic effects of current band ligators and high cost of endoscopic ligation treatment are expected to restrain the global market during the forecast period.
Global Band Ligators Market: Segmentation
The global band ligators market can be segmented based on product type, usage type, end-user, and region. In terms of product type, the market can be classified into endoscopic ligators, non-endoscopic ligators, multiple band ligators, and others. Based on usage type, the global band ligators market can be bifurcated into disposable and non-disposable. Disposable ligators are used frequently. The segment is likely to grow at a rapid pace owing to increase in incidence of hemorrhoids and rise in hospital admissions due to rectal pain which occurs among middle-aged population. Rise in unhealthy food habits is a major factor for the growth of hemorrhoids diseases. This is likely to propel the global band ligators market in the near future. In terms of end-user, the market can be divided into hospital, ambulatory surgical centers, clinics, and others. In terms of region, the global market can be segmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa.
Global Band Ligators Market: Regional Analysis
North America dominated the global band ligators market in 2017 due to the adult population suffering from eating disorders, increase in the number of devices receiving regulatory approvals, and rise in demand for new and advanced devices for clinical tests. Increase in incidence of rectal diseases and early phase diagnosis of hemorrhoids drive the pharmaceutical and medical devices markets. This in turn is projected to augment the band ligators market in North America. Europe was the second largest market for band ligators in 2017 due to favorable government policies for the development of health care infrastructure. Expansion of research and development units and clinical labs in countries in Europe is also a major factor expected to drive the band ligators market in the region. The market in Asia Pacific is likely to expand at a high CAGR during the forecast period. Rise in awareness among patients about hemorrhoids diseases and overactive rectal problems and increase in per capita expenditure are projected to fuel the growth of the band ligators market in Asia Pacific. Additionally, economic growth in India and China that supports the health care infrastructure and expansion of pharmaceutical companies and biotech labs are likely to accelerate the growth of the band ligators market in Asia Pacific from 2018 to 2026.
Global Band Ligators Market: Companies Mentioned
Major players operating in the global band ligators market are Medline Industries, Inc., Cook Medical LLC, Johnson & Johnson (Ethicon), Integra LifeSciences Corporation, Medtronic plc, CONMED Corporation, Cantel (UK) Limited, Boston Scientific Corporation, Explore Synergy, and Wellspect HealthCare, among others.
This study by TMR is all-encompassing framework of the dynamics of the market. It mainly comprises critical assessment of consumers' or customers' journeys, current and emerging avenues, and strategic framework to enable CXOs take effective decisions.
Our key underpinning is the 4-Quadrant Framework EIRS that offers detailed visualization of four elements:
- Customer Experience Maps
- Insights and Tools based on data-driven research
- Actionable Results to meet all the business priorities
- Strategic Frameworks to boost the growth journey
The study strives to evaluate the current and future growth prospects, untapped avenues, factors shaping their revenue potential, and demand and consumption patterns in the global market by breaking it into region-wise assessment.
The following regional segments are covered comprehensively:
- North America
- Asia Pacific
- Latin America
- The Middle East and Africa
The EIRS quadrant framework in the report sums up our wide spectrum of data-driven research and advisory for CXOs to help them make better decisions for their businesses and stay as leaders.
Below is a snapshot of these quadrants.
1. Customer Experience Map
The study offers an in-depth assessment of various customers' journeys pertinent to the market and its segments. It offers various customer impressions about the products and service use. The analysis takes a closer look at their pain points and fears across various customer touchpoints. The consultation and business intelligence solutions will help interested stakeholders, including CXOs, define customer experience maps tailored to their needs. This will help them aim at boosting customer engagement with their brands.
2. Insights and Tools
The various insights in the study are based on elaborate cycles of primary and secondary research the analysts engage with during the course of research. The analysts and expert advisors at TMR adopt industry-wide, quantitative customer insights tools and market projection methodologies to arrive at results, which makes them reliable. The study not just offers estimations and projections, but also an uncluttered evaluation of these figures on the market dynamics. These insights merge data-driven research framework with qualitative consultations for business owners, CXOs, policy makers, and investors. The insights will also help their customers overcome their fears.
3. Actionable Results
The findings presented in this study by TMR are an indispensable guide for meeting all business priorities, including mission-critical ones. The results when implemented have shown tangible benefits to business stakeholders and industry entities to boost their performance. The results are tailored to fit the individual strategic framework. The study also illustrates some of the recent case studies on solving various problems by companies they faced in their consolidation journey.
4. Strategic Frameworks
The study equips businesses and anyone interested in the market to frame broad strategic frameworks. This has become more important than ever, given the current uncertainty due to COVID-19. The study deliberates on consultations to overcome various such past disruptions and foresees new ones to boost the preparedness. The frameworks help businesses plan their strategic alignments for recovery from such disruptive trends. Further, analysts at TMR helps you break down the complex scenario and bring resiliency in uncertain times.
The report sheds light on various aspects and answers pertinent questions on the market. Some of the important ones are:
1. What can be the best investment choices for venturing into new product and service lines?
2. What value propositions should businesses aim at while making new research and development funding?
3. Which regulations will be most helpful for stakeholders to boost their supply chain network?
4. Which regions might see the demand maturing in certain segments in near future?
5. What are the some of the best cost optimization strategies with vendors that some well-entrenched players have gained success with?
6. Which are the key perspectives that the C-suite are leveraging to move businesses to new growth trajectory?
7. Which government regulations might challenge the status of key regional markets?
8. How will the emerging political and economic scenario affect opportunities in key growth areas?
9. What are some of the value-grab opportunities in various segments?
10. What will be the barrier to entry for new players in the market?
With a robust experience in creating exceptional market reports, Transparency Market Research has emerged as one of the trusted market research companies among a large number of stakeholders and CXOs. Every report at Transparency Market Research goes through rigorous research activity in every aspect. The researchers at TMR keep a close watch on the market and extract beneficial growth-boosting points. These points help the stakeholders to strategize their business plans accordingly.
TMR researchers conduct exhaustive qualitative and quantitative research. This research involves taking inputs from the experts in the market, focused attention on recent developments, and others. This method of research makes TMR stand out from other market research firms.
Here's how Transparency Market Research helps the stakeholders and CXOs through the reports:
Inculcation and Evaluation of Strategic Collaborations: The TMR researchers analyze recent strategic activities like mergers, acquisitions, partnerships, collaborations, and joint ventures. All the information is compiled and included in the report.
Perfect Market Size Estimations: The report analyzes the demographics, growth potential, and capability of the


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Multigigahertz TSPC circuits in deep submicron CMOS
Publikation/Tidskrift/Serie: Physica Scripta
Three circuits, two dividers and one accumulator, using the true single phase clocking (TSPC) technique were constructed in a partially scaled 0.1 µm CMOS process. In the paper, the device model and the circuit design are described, and simulation and measurement results are given. Multigigahertz working frequencies are demonstrated at a circuit level by the combination of advanced CMOS technology and circuit technique.
- Technology and Engineering
- ISSN: 0031-8949

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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|9.75" × 7.75" paperback with illustrations by Charles Ferguson Barker.
Too sick to go to school, Sean is entertained when his fisherman puppet comes to life and they leave the Earth to see it from the outside looking in. This book, which is told mainly in rhyme, introduces young readers (ages 4–8) to plate tectonics. The detailed black-and-white pencil drawings are sure to delight readers of all ages.
Charles Ferguson Barker earned his bachelor's degree in geology at Arizona State University, where he first learned about plate tectonics from his professor Dr. Robert S. Dietz, who coined the phrase "seafloor spreading." After earning his master's degree in geology at Boston University, Barker decided to write and illustrate a book for children, introducing the basic concepts of plate tectonics. Barker teaches geology, presents lectures to elementary school students about geology, and works in the environmental consulting field.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The existing drainage condition of Tirupattur consists of natural river and man – made drainage system (storm water open drains). Due to the nature terrain condition, all the man – made storm water drains are connected with natural.
The present condition of storm water drains also carries the sullage and sewage water, which the sewerage farm. Altogether the existing storm water drains characterized by the low carrying capacity due to encroachments in the urban area, which reduces the regular flow and add constraint to the existing drainage system.
Municipal Storm Water Drainage System
Tirupattur town moreover, the Urban Local Body also provides pucca water drainage facility in the major portion of the town. The existing storm water drains mainly carry the wastewater disposal and in many places the storm water drains are functioning as wastewater drains, which create environmental problems and need regular maintenance by the ULB, is show in Table.
|Total drains (Km)
|No drainage facilities
|Total road length (Km)
The information provided in the above Table indicates that nearly 80% of the roads are provided with storm water drainage facilities and the rest of 20% roads are not provided with drains, which are drained through available natural terrain condition. The observation relating to storm water drainage facility indicates inadequate planning and designing, as majority of the drains are provided in bits and pieces without any integration between the drains, this is due to the presence of scattered development and undulated terrain condition in Tirupattur town.


Infoscience
Conference paper
Symmetric subgame perfect equilibria in resource allocation
We analyze symmetric protocols to rationally coordinate on an asymmetric, efficient allocation in an infinitely repeated N-agent, C-resource allocation problems. (Bhaskar 2000) proposed one way to achieve this in 2-agent, 1-resource allocation games: Agents start by symmetrically randomizing their actions, and as soon as they each choose different actions, they start to follow a potentially asymmetric "convention" that prescribes their actions from then on. We extend the concept of convention to the general case of infinitely repeated resource allocation games with N agents and C resources. We show that for any convention, there exists a symmetric subgame perfect equilibrium which implements it. We present two conventions: bourgeois, where agents stick to the first allocation; and market, where agents pay for the use of resources, and observe a global coordination signal which allows them to alternate between different allocations. We define price of anonymity of a convention as the ratio between the maximum social payoff of any (asymmetric) strategy profile and the expected social payoff of the convention. We show that while the price of anonymity of the bourgeois convention is infinite, the market convention decreases this price by reducing the conflict between the agents. Copyright © 2012, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. All rights reserved.
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The Rapid Response Facility Contributes to avoiding the ecological isolation of Romania's Retezat Massif
The Retezat Massif has received a Rapid Response Facility (RRF) grant to undertake urgent snow-tracking surveys in response to a road-building threat through the Carpathian Mountains. This protected area is on Romania's World Heritage tentative list, and is known for its plant diversity, endemism and rich fauna, including the Eurasian eagle-owl, the gray wolf and the brown bear.
The site contains Romania's oldest protected area, Retezat National Park, established in 1935. Half of the country's bird species and a third of its plant species have are known to exist here. Over the years, much of the surrounding lands have been converted to agriculture. The only remaining ecological connectivity to surrounding forest lands is through a narrow forested corridor to the north. Maintaining ecological connectivity allows populations of plants and animals to move through a broader landscape, ensuring better genetic health, and increasing overall capacity to adapt to climate change impacts.
A motorway-building project is currently underway and is projected to cut through the corridor, contributing to the Massif's isolation from the wider Carpathian Mountains wilderness. Current environmental mitigation measures proposed for the new motorway are not adequate enough to safeguard wildlife and are projected to contribute to ecological isolation and animal mortality if not improved. Zarand, an NGO local to Retezat, applied for RRF funding and was successful in its proposal to carry out a series of snow-tracking surveys to collect baseline mammal data, which will be fed into a revised environmental mitigation plan for the development.
The RRF noted the timely nature of the proposal with regard to current snow cover, and the fact that snow-tracking is a cost-effective and reliable method of gathering information. Verified records of mammal activity in the Retezat area will be used by the recently established motorway Supervisory Group to design appropriate measures to protect the forest corridor that is so vital for environmental integrity in this area.
RRF funding will help to ensure that the road does not become a barrier for wildlife and that information on wildlife in Retezat is constantly taken into consideration as the impact of the motorway is monitored into the future.
The RRF is an emergency small grant programme that provides rapid support to allow immediate responses to major threats to wildlife conservation, primarily in UNESCO designated natural World Heritage sites as well as for sites on the Tentative list. The RRF is managed jointly by Fauna & Flora International and UNESCO World Heritage Centre and is financially supported by the United Nations Foundation, Halcyon Land & Sea and TripAdvisor. It aims to process emergency funding requests of up to US $30,000 in just eight working days.
*This particular award was financed solely by Halcyon Land & Sea, using the proven RRF model.


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Stay up-to-date in real time on everything Comeet by receiving notifications directly on Slack. These notifications will be delivered to you by Slackbot.
To set this up you would need to get your Slack forwarding address and use it to create the desired filter in your Gmail or Outlook:
Retrieve your Slack forwarding address:
1. In Slack, click your workspace name in the top left to open the menu.
2. Choose Preferences, then Messages & Media.
3. Scroll down to click Get a Forwarding Address. Click Copy to copy it to your clipboard.
1. Open Gmail using the account at which you receive Comeet notifications.
2. In the top right, click Settings → Forwarding and POP/IMAP tab.
3. In the "Forwarding" section, click Add a forwarding address.
4. Paste the Slack-generated address as a new forwarding address. Then click Next → Proceed → OK.
5. A verification message will appear in Slackbot. Copy the verification code in the message in Slack and paste it into the dedicated field in Gmail.
6. At the bottom of the page, click Save Changes.
7. In the Gmail search box at the top, click the Down arrow and enter your search criteria for the messages you'd like to forward:
- For all Comeet emails: From: _USER_.comeet-notifications.com
- Only notifications (tasks and updates): From: _EMAIL_
- Only tasks about referred candidates: From: _EMAIL_ and includes the words [REFERRAL].
- You can check that your search works properly by clicking search and verifying that the right emails are shown.
8. At the bottom of the search window, click Create filter with this search.
9. Choose forward it to the Slack email address and click Create filter.
1. At the top of the page in Outlook Web App, select Settings > Options, and then select one of the following:
- Organize email > Inbox rules > New
- OR Mail > Automatic processing > Inbox rules > New > Create a new rule for arriving message
2. Under When the message arrives, select:
- All Comeet emails: From: _USER_.comeet-notifications.com.
- Only notifications (Task and updates): From: _EMAIL_
- Only task involving high priority candidates: From: _EMAIL_ and includes the works [referral].
3. Select one of the following, depending on the settings you see:
- Forward, redirect, or send > Forward the message to
- OR More options > Forward, redirect, or send > Forward the message to
4. Paste the Slack-generated address as a new forwarding address and click OK to save your selections, and OK or Save to create the rule.
Have more questions? Contact us at _EMAIL_


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LISBON, Mar 22 (IPS) - The huge impact of the economic crisis on male employment in Portugal has led to a sharp increase in the proportion of women who have become the main breadwinners in their families. But that has not translated into progress towards equality.
"Today there is more male unemployment than female, because the crisis has especially affected the civil construction industry," said Anália Torres, a professor at the Technical University of Lisbon's Higher Institute of Social and Political Sciences.
"With less economic activity in that industry, which traditionally employs men, the male unemployment rate has climbed, while in sectors that generally employ women, unemployment grew much less," Torres said in an interview with IPS.
The European Commission expects unemployment in Portugal to reach 17.3 percent in 2013. But opposition parties and trade unions project a rate of 24 percent.
Professor Anália Torres at the Technical University of Lisbon's Higher Institute of Social and Political Sciences. Credit: Mario Queiroz/IPS
The gap between the figures is explained by the thousands of people who have stopped registering at the government employment centres or have moved abroad, mainly to other European countries or to the former Portuguese colonies of Brazil, Angola, Mozambique or Macau.
Among those who only have a primary school education, "the woman always earns less than the man," Torres said. "And as the educational level increases, the difference between the incomes of men and women grows. A woman with a doctorate earns much less than a man (with the same degree)."
In areas like education and health, where women earn 20 percent less than men, it is men who are most often laid off "because they are more expensive."
Another factor that puts women in the position of bringing home the bacon "is that many remunerated activities carried out by women are in the informal economy, undeclared or unskilled work, such as cleaning or babysitting in the homes of the well-off," the academic said.
In Portugal, the _PHONE_ colonial war in the country's overseas territories in Africa – Angola, Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique – "led to large numbers of women replacing men (in the workplace)," Torres said.
Since then, "the idea of the working woman who helps support her family has remained in place," she added.
During the war, Portugal maintained a permanent force of 220,000 military troops – an enormous figure compared to a population at the time of 8.8 million (10.6 million today).
In the 1960s, one million people from Portugal moved abroad for economic reasons or to avoid being sent to war in Africa. Women, Torres said, "took on a central role in a country with very few men of working age."
Nevertheless, "the predominant sexism persisted, and men continue to make a show of unacceptable machismo today," she said.
"By refusing to help do things around the home on the argument that 'I am a man, I don't do that kind of work', which also causes serious domestic violence problems, men show that the sexist culture is still in place."
Women are sometimes the target of violence, often with tragic results, because many men "base their masculinity on their wage-earning power, even though both men and women have been working and supporting the family for a long time now in Portugal," Torres added.
Between January and November 2012, 30 women were killed in Portugal by their partners or ex-partners, according to UMAR, one of the largest women's organisations in the country.
That makes Portugal the country with the largest number of femicides – gender-related murders – in the European Union, in proportion to the population.
But "working is also a kind of insurance against machismo, in the sense of women being aware that they are making a living and don't need men," Torres said.
Sociologist and researcher Sofia Aboim of the University of Lisbon's Institute of Social Sciences said that in the last eight years, the proportion of couples in which the woman is the main breadwinner has risen from two to 16.5 percent.
It is "obvious" that many men "have suffered a strong blow to their self-esteem, because their masculinity is traditionally associated closely with supporting the family," she wrote in the newspaper Público about the conclusions of a study on the subject.
Aboim said this situation was seen especially in couples with low levels of education and in older couples, especially between the ages of 51 and 65.
But Torres said discrimination against women is also deeply rooted among more educated segments of the population, even though "there are many women with excellent educations - teachers and professors, for instance."
In general, "the highest-level posts are filled by men, even though, for example in the academic world, studies show that there is no difference in the production of research or articles. But women are not heads of institutes and are not on the boards of universities, with very few exceptions," she said.
One big exception is the Centre for Judicial Studies, which provides training for future judges and prosecutors. Because the centre accepts lawyers on the basis of competitive examinations, "80 percent of those who have been accepted for training as magistrates in the last decade were women, because they scored higher than men."
The problems plaguing Portugal affect everyone, "but in the crisis, women face greater difficulties, aggravated in cases in which their husbands are unemployed, because they still have to take everything on their shoulders.
"The worst thing about this government (of conservative Prime Minister Pedro Passos Coelho) is its complete insensitivity and indifference towards the plight of the people," Torres said.
This is especially serious in Portugal and other countries where sexism is predominant, she said, because "if a woman has work and her partner does not, she continues to do the housework, unlike what occurs in other places, where men participate in the housework when they are unemployed."
© Inter Press Service (2013) — All Rights ReservedOriginal source: Inter Press Service
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- Indigenous Brazilians Learn to Fight for the Right to Food Tuesday, May 21, 2013
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What is mean of chut
aby tere behan ki shalwar utar k dekh janhan par bal hon wo he chot pagal k bachy
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The word "chut" has several meanings, depending on where you are from. It has been used to describe a Jewish person, in London, that migrated to the Netherlands, during the 19th century. It is, also, a language spoken in Vietnam, y "chut" people. In Hindu, it is a slang name for a vagina. Unfortunately, unless you are in the country of origin, there is no way to differentiate the meaning of the word.
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Life rafts are an important safety requirement on ships. In their absence, marine fatalities could occur which otherwise could have been prevented. Ships, large boats, and other marine vessels incorporate the usage of life rafts, making them indispensable in the nature of marine vessel operations.
Like any equipment, even life rafts require periodic servicing and maintenance.
- Constant usage during drills or previous emergencies can render the life raft weather worn which could cause problems at the time of emergencies.
- The inflation system of the raft could have problems and the lack of the same could pose problems during exigency situations.
- There are a few necessary instrumentations that are stored in the life rafts for using as and when the situation arises. The lack of workability of these equipments necessitates life raft servicing.
Life raft repair services do not just mean repairing and servicing the rafts. They include proper prior inspection and monitoring carried out by qualified technicians. Generally, the inspection of the rafts for any problems or damage is prescribed to be carried annually. A regular yearly monitoring of the life raft ensures longevity of its usage for a considerable span of time.
However, the professionals in-charge of the life raft maintenance operations need to possess a few requirements that would certify them to be proficient to carry out the required maintenance work. These requirements can be specified as follows:
- The technicians need to have a certification allowing them to carry out the repairing operation. The validity of the aforesaid certificate however, is only for a period of three years. Therefore it becomes a primary requirement to ensure that a technician's certification of life raft servicing is valid for the current time period.
- The service centre needs to be as per the appropriate marine industry standards. The absence of a certified service centre would make the repairing services redundant and cause a person to incur further damages and problems.
- The service centre for life rafts needs to be chosen as per the stipulations of the authority sanctioning the usage of the rafts. In case of any discrepancy between the raft sanctioning body and the life rafts servicing centres, there could be unwanted problems for a person getting the necessary repairs carried out.
- Thorough inspection of the external case of the life raft is carried out followed an equally thorough inspection of the raft
- The inflation of the raft with respect to pressure, its maximum inflation capacity, the toughness of the raft material and the stitches is thoroughly monitored and recorded
- Instrumentations and gadgets stored in the raft are monitored for their date of expiry. A very important gadget necessitating a careful and meticulous monitoring is the cylinders used for the purpose of the raft-inflating gas.
- Following the completion of the monitoring, the technicians have to follow the standard protocol while re-folding the life rafts. The prescribed protocols differ as per the requirements of the makers of the rafts and a strict adhering to the re-folding aspect needs to be maintained.
- Rafts as per USCG and SOLAS standards mandatorily require a ten-yearly servicing inspection a few specific areas that raft owners need to comply with. In addition to these servicing requirements, the owners of USCG and SOLAS standard rafts also need to carry out a five-yearly servicing inspection for the overall system of gas inflation of the rafts.
- Following the completion of the life raft repair services, the required certifications are issued to the owners while records of the monitoring carried are meticulously maintained. These processes ensure a complete transparency in the procedure, which helps to avoid complications.
There are many authentic and established service centres where life raft repair services are carried out. These service centres state their standards of carrying out the life raft repairing operations leaving no doubt about their authenticity to a person.
From China's famous makers,Shanghai Star,Youlong,Haining,Huahai,Huayan,the liferaft were sold to the whold world by Chinese trader.Ijin is one of them.There are 6 persons type,10 persons type,25 persons type,35 persons type,etc with CCS,DNV,LR,EC certificate,satisfied with requirement of SOLAS.Ijin can supply throw overboard liferaft,davit launched liferaft,defence liferaft,and so on.Not only liferaft,Ijin Marine is also providing lifeboat,anchor,anchor chain,steel wire rope,mooring rope,rubber fender,etc.Contact us now for more information:_EMAIL_


Ask a doctor
How to Avoid Bruising After Facelift?
I am considering a facelift, however I'm concerned about hematomas. Can you tell me the causes of these after facelifts? Are there things that I can do to prevent one from happening? Do they have anything to do with the expertise of the surgeon?
Doctor Answers 42
Tips to Minimize bruising
The reality is that a well done Facelift requires a relatively large area of soft tissue mobilization. The degree of tissue mobilization often equates to the degree of bruising a patient experiences. In my anecdotal experience, a longer procedure generally correlates with more bruising. Therefore, if you are having multiple procedures done (Facelift, brow lift, eyelid surgery), the extent of bruising is likely to be greater. However, If you are in the hands of an experienced Facelift surgeon, there isn't too much correlation with the degree of bruising and who is doing it.
Facts on hematomas after Facelift: 1) A hematoma is a clinically significant bruise because it represents a clot of blood underneath the skin that can threaten the viability of the skin. 2) Hematomas require drainage in order to preserve skin viability and prevent adverse scarring. 3) Hematomas can and do happen in virtually every surgeons hands. 4) Previous posts have outlined scenarios where a hematoma is more likely to happen. However, the occurrence of this problem can be unpredictable.
Things a patient can do to minimize bruising and/or hematoma: 1) Avoid aspirin and other medications in the non steroidal anti-inflammatory class for 2 weeks prior to surgery. 2) Avoid vitamin E containing products, fish oil, St. John's Wort, Ginkgo, and other exotic and /or other homeopathic treatments for a similar period. In my practice, a list of medications to avoid is provided. 3) If you have high blood pressure and it is not controlled, you need to have this issue dealt with prior to surgery. 4) If you have a history of frequent nose bleeds, easy bruising, heavy periods, this needs to be disclosed preoperatively. 5) Activity restrictions after Facelift are real. If you are too active, the chances of forming a hematoma increase exponentially. Follow your surgeon's activity restrictions.
Things a Surgeon can do to prevent hematoma: 1) Compressive dressing. In my practice, a dressing is placed immediately after surgery, then replaced on the 1st postoperative day. After this period, an elastic strap is worn. This is my preference and works well with my patient population. 2) Some Surgeons place drains in the patient and achieve good results. Drain placement is likely to vary between Surgeons' training, experience, and preference. 3) Postoperative Arnica Montana. This is a homeopathic medication which helps minimize bruising. 4) Use of postoperative anti nausea agents and use of narcotic pain medication only when absolutely necessary. Narcotic medications tend to induce nausea and emesis. Pstoperative vomiting increase blood supply to the face and therefore increase risk of hematoma.
Good luck with your surgery!
Fort Myers Facial Plastic Surgeon
5.0 out of 5 stars 53 reviews
Bruising and Hematoma after Face Lift Surgery
Bruising is very common and not considered a complication with this plastic surgery. A hematoma is a collection of blood under the skin which should normally be drained is a complication. Hematoma is the most common complication with face lift surgery, with an overall estimated incidence of less than 5%. Most hematomas occur within 24hours after the face lift surgery, but may occur several days afterward too.
The most significant risk factors for bleeding with face and neck lift surgery are the following:
 - platsymaplasty or neck surgery
 - hypertension
 - male
 - blood thinners, including herbal medication, ibuprofen, aspirin, and similar medications
 - smoking
While experience plays a role, it is not as important risk factor as those outlined above. The best face lift surgeons in the world still get hematomas.
By following the strict presurgical and postsurgical care instructions of your plastic surgeon, you will reduce the chance you will develop a hematoma after your cosmetic surgery. Best of luck.
Houtan Chaboki, MD
Washington DC Facial Plastic Surgeon
5.0 out of 5 stars 63 reviews
Reducing Bruising and Avoiding Hematoma After a Facelift
During a normal recovery from a facelift some bruising is expected. It usually occurs low in the neck and resolves over 7 - 10 days. Bruising can be reduced by the following measures:
1. Stop all blood thinning medications, supplements and herbal products prior to surgery. Your plastic surgeon should supply a list but the most common include aspirin, NSAID's like Advil, Motrin or Aleve, Ginkgo, Garlic, Ginseng and many more
2. Use Arnica Montana before and a few days after surgery. In my experience this herbal product does reduce bruising.
3. Closely follow your pre-op and post-op instructions concerning reduced activity levels, avoiding lifting and straining, keeping your head elevated at night as well as using ice packs on schedule.
Hematoma formation or development of a blood collection under the skin is unusual and happens in less than 5% of facelift patients. They usually occur in patients with the following predispositions:
1. Men because they have more vascular facial skin due to the beard hair and they have a tendency to become too active too soon.
2. Poorly controlled high blood pressure. Elevate blood pressure just after surgery can causes previously sealed blood vessels to open and bleed
3. Blood Thinning Medications, especially aspirin, which inhibits the normal platelet function needed for clotting following surgery. Aspirin should be stopped a full 2 weeks before surgery
4. Smoking. Nicotine reduces the blood supply to the skin edges and raises the blood pressure. This is all bad for facelift recovery
While the men out there can't change this risk factor, the other 3 can be controlled. Making sure your high blood pressure is well controlled before surgery, stopping smoking 3 weeks prior to surgery and avoiding blood-thinning medications will reduce your risk greatly. Always take your normal blood pressure medicine the morning of surgery (check with your doctor if it is a diuretic).
As for men, they should be especially cautious to avoiding lifting, straining and vigorous physical activity for a full 3 weeks following facelift surgery.
Bruising after Facelift Surgery
You will always have some bruising after a facelift. A hematoma, which is a localized collection of blood, is not a life-threatening complication but can compromise skin circulation and significantly delay post-operative healing. All experienced facelift surgeons have a list of pre-operative instructions regarding dietary and medicinal intake. A pre-operative medical evaluation is usually required. There are also post-operative instructions re activity, diet, and medicines. With due diligence, hematomas are very rare.
Richard W. Fleming, MD
Beverly Hills Facial Plastic Surgeon
5.0 out of 5 stars 22 reviews
Facelift Hematoma
This is a multifactoral issue and there are things that I do in the operating room to decrease the rate of hematoma and there are things we as of you to try to decrease the chance of it happening. Hematoma is rare but the rate is no 0%.
So blood pressure control before, during and after surgery is a must as is pain control. Those two things are what commonly lead to hematomas after surgery. Stopping any medications that can increase your bleeding 2 weeks before surgery will also decrease the rate as well. Things like aspirin, motrin, aleve and others.
Good luck.
Farbod Esmailian, MD
Orange County Plastic Surgeon
5.0 out of 5 stars 59 reviews
Bruising after a facelift can be minimal.
Bruising after a facelift can be minimal, but it depends on the approach. Bruising and even hematomas are more likely with more invasive facelift techniques such as a SMAS lift or a deep plane facelift. These are much less likely with a MACS lift, since there is less undermining of the skin where most vessels are. I have many patients with very little or no bruising after a MACS lift, and have not seen a hematoma in over 200 patients. However, hematomas are not very common after any facelift, since all surgeons try to minimize this risk during surgery. Factors that increase your risk of this include, high blood pressure and blood thinning medications and some dietary supplements. You should always talk to your surgeon prior to surgery about what you can do to minimize any risks associated with your surgery.
Steven L. Ringler, MD, FACS
Grand Rapids Plastic Surgeon
5.0 out of 5 stars 39 reviews
How to avoid bruising and hematoma after facelift?
Like all complications, bruising and hematomas cannot be avoided entirely but they CAN be reduced to a very low rate.
The cause of hematoma can be divided to factors which are either related to you, those related to the surgeon and those related how you do in the first 3 days or so after surgery.
if you have a family history of easy bruising and bleeding you must tell your surgeon and you should be tested to se if you have


text:
I. The Plucked String Instruments
The Lute family
or p'i-p'a) - four-stringed lute with 30 frets and pear-shaped
body. The instrumentalist holds the pipa upright and play
with five small plectra attached to each finger of the right
hand. The pipa history can be dated back at least 2000 years
and developed from pentatonic to full scales. This instrument
has extremely wide dynamic range and remarkable expressive
about pipa... )
-a smaller version of pipa with four strings, which sound
similar to mandolin. Liuqin is played with a piece of spectrum,
and is used to be accompany instrument for folk songs and
local opera. However, in recent decades, Composer Wang
Huiran made great contribution to its making and composed
many pieces such that the Liuqin also becomes a soloist instrument.
A long necked lute with three strings without frets. In Chinese,
"san" and "xian" stands for " "three" and "strings", respectively.
The sound-body is made of round wooden box covered with snake
skin, just like erhu. A piece of plectrum is used to play
the instrument. This instrument is often used for accompanying
folk songs and local opera. The sanxian is most popular in
commonly referred to as "Chinese guitar", is an
ancient four-stringed moon-shaped lute with long and straight
neck and various number of frets, dated back at least to Qin
Daynasty (around 200 BC). Ruan is used to be
called "p'i-p'a" (pipa)
or qin-pipa. Since the introduction of the oud-like instrument
through the "silk-road" around 5th century, a new type of
"pipa" with pear-shaped body and bent neck has been
gradually developed into the present form since the Tang Dynasty
(618-917AD), and the name pipa,
which used to be a generic term for all pluck string lutes,
has been specifically given to this newly-developed version,
whereas the old form of pipa with straight-neck and
round body got the name "Ruan", after the name of the grand
master of this instrument, Ruan
Xian who was one of the seven great scholars known as
"Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove" in Chinese history of the
3rd century (the Six Dynasties). They were truely good friends
and did spend much time together in arts and wine during one
of the darkest periods in Chinese history. Ruan
Xian and Ji
Kang (master of guqin,
Chinese 7-stringed zither), are most famous for their musical
achievements and the life as true artists. The Ruan is mostly
used for Peking opera, and now also in modern Chinese orchestra.
There are a family of ruan of various size including "Zhong
Ruan" (middle Ruan) and "Da Ruan" (large Ruan) used in the
same sense as viola and cello in western orchestra.
moon-shaped lute with shorter neck and four strings, played
with a spectrum, used for accompanying local operas. "Yue" stands
for "the moon" in Chinese.
The zither family
- seven-stringed zither without bridges, the most classical
Chinese instrument with over 3000 years of history. The
guqin is often
referred to as the instrument of sages for the purpose of
enriching the heart and elevating human spirit.
(around 600 BC) was a master of this instrument. In the Imperial
China's past, well-educated people of the elite society were
expected to master the four arts, namely, the qin (guqin),
qi (weiqi, which has somehow been known as "Go"
in the West according Japanese pronuciation), shu (Calligraphy),
and hua (painting). Being on top of the four traditional arts,
the guqin has historically been regarded as one of the most
important symbols of Chinese high culture. Unfortunately only
small number of people in China could play the instrument,
because classical musical education of this kind has never
reached general public. Fortunately, the situation has much
been improved in recent decades, there have been a growing
number of guqin players both in and outside China. Since november
2003, Guqin has been registered as one of the master pieces
of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of the humanity by UNESCO
Chinese zither with movable bridges and 16 - 25 strings. In
the same family there are the Japanese koto, the Vietnamese
dan tranh, the Korean kayagum, and the Mongolian
Yagta (more information...
The harp family
II. The Bowed String Instruments:
III. Hammered string instruments
or Er-Hu, a two-stringed fiddle, is one of the most popular Chinese
instruments in the Hu-qin ()
Hu stands for "foreign" or "the northern folk" in Chinese, and
"qin" is a general name for all kinds of string instruments. (more
information about Erhu...).
If we call the "Erhu" Chinese violin, the Zhong-Hu is then the
Chinese viola, where "Zhong" stands for "middle", thus the abbreviated
name for the mid-pitched Erhu. It was developed on the basis of
Erhu in the 1940s. Both the structure and performing skill of
these two kinds of Hu-Qin are quite the same, yet Zhong-Hu has
a deeper-sounding timbre but not as agile. Being more suitable
for singing melodies (particularly some Mongolian melodies), Zhong-Hu
is thus often used as tutti or accompanying instruments, sometimes
for solo too.
Principally used as accompanying instrument for Beijing Opera,
Jing-Hu is another important two-stringed fiddle in the Huqin
family. It was developed in Qin dynasty ( around 1790 ), which
is often called the Hu-Qin. The pitch of Jing-Hu is the highest
among all instruments of the Hu-Qin family. Due to its forceful
and clarion timbre, Jing-Hu is suitable almost exclusively for
Ban-Hu has many other names such as Pang-Hu, Qin-Hu, Hu-Hu and
Da-Xian, etc. It is the leading accompanying instrument for Bang-Zi
and other northern tunes or ballads, particularly for the local
operas in Henan Province, central China. Similar to Jing-Hu, the
timbre of Ban-Hu is clarion and bright, which makes it hard to
join other instruments for tutti. Therefore it's usually for solo,
especially for presenting joyful and passionate moods.
also called High-pitched Erhu or Yue-Hu, is especially designed
for playing Cantonese folk melodies and operas. Gao-Hu is often
used for performing vivid and brisk rhythms, particularly for
higher-pitched tunes that Erhu cannot play. In comparison with
Erhu, Gao-Hu has louder volume yet brighter tones, and thus it
servers both as solo and leading instrument in performing Cantonese
operas and folk melodies.
stringed bowed instrument similar to erhu, however, with a coconut
sound body where Ye means coconut. It is found mostly in South China
four stringed huqin used for accompanying local opera, most commonly
found in the North, such as Sanxi, Shanxi and Neimonggu. It is
one of the three leading instruments (together with dizi, yangqin)
in "Er Ren Tai" of Neimonggu (Inner Mongolia). "Si" stands for
"four" in Chinese. The structure is similar to Erhu except it
has four strings. The horse-hair of the bow is divided into two
group that go between the four strings.
also known as Zhuiqin, is
one of the most popular instruments in Henan and Shandong Provinces,
used for local opera and story-telling. The instrument was invented
toward the end of Qing Dynasty (1644 to 1912) based on the pluck
string Sanxian and bowed string erhu. The striking difference from
Erhu is that Zhuihu has a fretless
fingerboard similar to Sanxian. The use of the bow is similar to
that of erhu. Basically
the instrument is derived from a smaller version of Sanxian performed
with a bow, producing beautiful sounds with a strong local flavour,
capable of imitating a lot of natural sounds such as birds and horse
etc. The playing methods adapt the left hand techniques for the
Sanxian and the bow techniques of erhu.
The Zhuihu is one of the most beautiful instruments of the
huqin family, which has become very popular soon after its invention
in Henan and Shandong.
is derived dirrectly from Zhuihu with few small modifications when
the instrument was introduced to Guangdong Province. The playing
method is the same as Zhuihu.
The Morin Khur or horse-headed violin is a typical Mongolian bowed
instrument with two strings, however, very different from Er-Hu.
The horse hair of the bow doesn't go between the two strings, instead,
the instrument and the way of playing is more similar to cello than
to erhu. The instrument


text:
For this feasibility study, silver/superconductor jelly-roll samples with a superconductor composition of Bi1.8Pb0.4Sr 2Ca2Cu3Ox (2223), were fabricated via a thick-film processing technique. It was found that the densification and alignment of 2223 grains along the Ag layers was crucial to achieving high critical current densities (Jc). The effects of cyclic mechanical working and heat treatment were investigated to develop a scheme to maximize Jc. The highest zero-field J0 value of 2650 A cm -2 (Ic=43 A) was obtained in a jelly roll heat treated at 815 degrees C, where the majority of the mechanical deformation was performed prior to the first heat treatment. Magnetic-field-dependence measurements made in a 50 G field showed a 23% reduction in Jc when the field was applied parallel to the current flow, and a 30% reduction when the field was applied perpendicular to the current flow. This was superior to the best comparable powder-in-tube samples.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Ceramics and Composites
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Metals and Alloys
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Materials Chemistry


text:
This topic includes information on how to receive the required code components for the integration and how to use the Software Developer Kit (SDK).
See Mobile Push how to set up required mobile push components before you start developing.
- iOS version 10.0 or higher.
- Open the Firebase console and log in using your Google account.
- Click Add project and create a new project for the app.
- Click Settings and then Project settings.
- Open the Cloud Messaging tab and note the Legacy server key and sender ID for passing to Optimizely Campaign.
- Click Settings and then Users and permissions.
- In the navigation on the left-hand side, click Service accounts.
- At the top of the navigation, click + CREATE SERVICE ACCOUNT.
- Enter the name of the service account and provide an optional service account ID.
- Select Furnish a new private key and activate the JSON option.
- Click Create and save the generated JSON file. The new service account appears in the overview along with the key ID.
- Log in to FCM with your Google Developer account.
- Download the GoogleService-Info.plist with the iOS onfiguration for FCM.
- Add the following code line to your Podfile:
Updated 3 months ago


text:
7 Disadvantages of Coal You Need to Know - Earthava
8. The Disadvantages of Coal Are Significant. 1. It Increases Carbon Dioxide in the Environment. Why Coal Ain't Cool: 7 Disadvantages of Coal You Need to Know. When we burn coal, it produces extra carbon dioxide, or CO2. CO2 causes a "greenhouse effect," which means it makes the planet retain more heat in the lower atmosphere.


Pylon station
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Narvskaya, Saint Petersburg Metro
The pylon station is a type of deep underground subway station. The basic distinguishing characteristic of the pylon station is the manner of division of the central hall from the station tunnels
The pylon station consists of three separate halls, separated from each other by a row of pylons with passages between them. The independence of the halls allows the architectural form of the central and side halls to be differentiated. This was especially characteristic for stations built in the 1960s, when as a result of the policy of "total economy," the side halls and tunnel walls were significantly poorer than the central hall.
Building stations of the pylon type is preferable in difficult geological situations, as such a station is better able to oppose earth pressure. However, the limited number of narrow passages limits the throughput between the halls.
London-type station[edit]
The pylon station was the earliest type of deep underground station.[citation needed] One variation is the so-called "London-style station." In such stations the central hall is reduced to the size of an anteroom, leading to the inclined walkway or elevators. In some cases the anteroom is also the base of the escalators. In the countries of the former USSR there is currently only one such station: Arsenalna in Kiev. In Moscow there were such stations, but they since been rebuilt: Lubyanka and Chistiye Prudy are now ordinary pylon stations, and Paveletskaya-Radialnaya is now a column station.
In the Moscow Metro, typical pylon station are Kievskaya-Koltsevaya, Smolenskaya of the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya line, Oktyabrskaya-Koltsevaya, and others.
In the Saint Petersburg Metro, pylon stations include Ploshchad Lenina, Pushkinskaya, Narvskaya, Gorkovskaya, Moskovskie Vorota, and others.
See also[edit]


Plumbing problems come in all shapes and sizes. Having your kitchen sink fill up with water whenever you run the dishwasher is not a major disaster nor is it an emergency but it still is a sign of a problem. And one thing you want to avoid is for plumbing problems to go from small to big!
The question then is "Why is my kitchen sink filling up with water when I run the dishwasher?" - the answer could be anyone of four issues:
Kitchen sink fills with water when dishwasher running.
 1. There's a clog in your sink's air gap.
 2. There's a clog in your sink's drain pipe.
 3. There's a clog or obstruction in your dishwasher.
 4. There's a clog in your garbage disposal.
Let's go through each one of these issues individually.
A Clog In Your Sink's Air Gap
According to Wikipedia "A common use of the term "air gap" in home plumbing refers to a fixture that provides back-flow prevention for an installed dishwasher. This "air gap" is seen above the sink as a small cylindrical fixture mounted parallel with the faucet. In the base cabinet under the sink, the drain hose from the dishwasher feeds the "top" of the air gap, and the "bottom" of the air gap is plumbed into the sink drain below the basket, or into a garbage disposal unit."
If you notice that yes, you do have an air gap installed - it could be that water is backing up into the sink because of a clog in that air gap.
How To Clean and Maintain Your Air Gap
Here are some simple steps on how you can clean out your air gap and keep it from clogging up again.
 1. Remove the top cover
 2. Unscrew (or unsnap) the inner cap
 3. If you can see a clog, work on removing it
 4. A useful tool for this process is a 12 inch bottle brush
Note: You may not always see the clog so don't assume that there isn't one. Use the bottle brush to clean out the air gap and it may reveal a clog further down.
A Clog In Your Sink's Drain Pipe
If you have a clog in your sink it may be that your dishwasher isn't able to drain properly and ends up backing up, into your sink.
Here are 3 quick and easy things you can do to try and unclog your sink.
 1. Run your garbage disposal - A good rule of thumb to remember is to run your garbage disposal for a just few seconds before you turn on your dishwasher. The reason is that this helps to dislodge any debris that may keep your dishwasher from draining properly.
 2. Try any of the over the counter products that you can try to unclog your sink drain.
 3. Use a snake drain (i.e. auger) to dislodge that clog in your sink.
A Clog In Your Dishwasher
Open your dishwasher and take a look at the bottom. Do you see a little bit of water or do you see standing water covering the entire bottom of your dishwasher?
It's normal to have some water but if you see more than that - then there's likely a clog somewhere in your dishwasher.
Here are some simple things you can do.
 1. Check to see if anything is in the way of the drain in your dishwasher. Of course if you see something, then remove it.
 2. Pull out the dishwasher and check the drain hose - there may be a clog in there.
A maintenance note to mention here is to make sure that you are not using the wrong kind of detergent for your dishwasher and also that you're not using too much detergent. Both of these issues can cause some buildup which can then lead to a clog.
If you're not sure about the kind of detergent to use - check the paperwork that came with your dishwasher or check online. Almost all major brands have their appliance maintenance information on their websites.
Clog In The Garbage Disposal
The last issue we're going to discuss here is a clog in your garbage disposal which could then lead to water backing up into your sink.
The mistake many homeowners make is to think that their garbage disposal can act as a "food processor" of sorts for leftovers. In actuality - it's really meant to be used for very small amounts of food.
Check out our list of what NOT to put in your garbage disposal.
We recommend that you call in a professional plumber to clear out a clogged garbage disposal - mainly because you could end up causing more damage which may result in having to get a new disposal unit. But, with that being said, if you wish to try it yourself, here are some things that you can do to try and unclog your garbage disposal.
 1. Turn off your garbage disposal first. In fact, you may want to turn off the power to the unit just in case
 2. Manually turn the blades of the disposal (with a screwdriver) and see if you can unlodge whatever may be clogging it
 3. You may need a pair of pliers or long tongs to remove any debris in the disposal
 4. You can also use a plunger to loosen up anything that may be causing the clog
 5. Clean out the P-trap underneath the garbage disposal and clean that out (if needed)
 6. A pictoral "how to" can be found on WikiHow
If you are having problems with water backing up in your kitchen sink or clogs that you can't seem to get rid of, call the Atlanta plumbing experts - Atlantis Plumbing today at _PHONE_. We are available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
We Offer Drain Cleaning in Metro Atlanta and Surrounding Areas


text:
Étienne François Geoffroy
Geoffroy, Étienne François (ātyĕnˈ fräNswäˈ zhôfrwäˈ) [key], 1672–1731, French physician and chemist, also known as Geoffroy the Elder. He became a pharmacist in 1694 and received an M.D. at Paris in 1704. He was professor of medicine at the Collège Royal from 1709 until his death and dean of the Paris Faculty of Medicine from 1726 to 1729. In 1718 he advanced the general proposition that if two substances in combination encounter a third with which one of the two has a greater affinity, that one will leave the original combination and unite with the third substance to form a new compound. He gave a 16-column table showing the order of many such displacements, the first of many "Tables of Affinity." Geoffroy was also largely responsible for a pharmacopoeia published by the Paris Faculty of Medicine in 1732.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Chemistry: Biographies


text: basic steps in benificiaion plant,Basic Steps for Diagnosing Plant Problems - Master Gardener.Basic Steps for Diagnosing Plant Problems. Barb Larson, Kenosha County Horticulture Educator. Diagnostic Steps. 1. Identify the Problem. 2. Identify Signs & Symptoms. 3. Collect Information. 4. Research. 5. Follow up with Client. Step 1: Identify Problem. • Identify Plant (or Insect). • Clarify if using common names/terms.basic steps in benificiaion plant,Gardening for Beginners: 8 Easy Steps to Planting a Shrub or Tree.Mar 6, 2018. There's more to planting a tree or shrub than digging a hole and plonking it into the ground. Some plants aren't the least bit fussy and will tolerate this, but most trees and shrubs will benefit from a little care. If you plant your trees or shrubs properly, you will ensure that they will have a good start in life and.6 Simple Steps to Grow Plants from Seed - Earl MayNov 16, 2017. In addition to saving you money, growing your own herbs, vegetables and ornamental plants from seed is extremely rewarding.


Ballerina Packaging Architecture and Understanding the Client Connectors
In my first blog [1], we focused on a generic concept of Ballerina programming language. If you read the blogs available under [2], you will probably get a good understanding of key features that Ballerina offers. Anyway, I thought of composing this blog and thought of covering following sections with a very simple but quite powerful sample.
Will try to cover;
 1. How we can work with packing architecture of Ballerina configs.
 2. Understanding connectors, because a connector allows you to interact mainly with third-party APIs. This enables you to connect and interact with APIs such as Twitter, Gmail, and Facebook easily. Thus its quite handy if we know the language contracts of Connectors.
Ok, lets start. Why do we need a packing architecture?;
Ballerina has a Go-like modularity approach for how it manages names and how code is organized into files. In summary, Ballerina entities (functions, services etc.) all have globally unique qualified names consisting of their package name and the given name. If a package is not specified then the symbol will be in the default (unnamed) package. Notice that the name of the file that the entity resides in plays no part in the name of the entity. Similar to Go, a package name is a collection of simple names concatenated with "." and they are stored in the file system using a subdirectory structure with each splitting at the ".".
With such a structure, when a Ballerina program has code in many packages, we need to define how such a program can be packaged for self-contained execution and how the runtime searches for and discovers any imported packages.
I will explain the importance of such approach with a proper sample. Lets take a look at the following sample.
Very simply, the above sample will execute the the main function and will publish on both Twitter and Facebook in a parallel execution (fork-join). When it comes to the industrial practices, developers always require to work with packing structures, where they have to prepare the modules and sometimes they have to collaborate external packages /APIs in order to implement the use case. If you look at the sample given above, in ballerinaDemo.bal, that particular piece of code utilize external packages (Facebook + Twitter), and, the given ballerina configuration packaged as 'package org.wso2.tutorial.demo'. Please do refer [1] for advance information related to packaging ballerina configuration.
Creating Ballerina archives
First, you need to prepare the above configuration, with proper folder hierarchy. When a program is packaged using the ballerina build command, the resulting archive will contain not just the Ballerina files that contain the main function and/or services, but also all the Ballerina packages that are imported by all the code needed to execute the main function and/or services.
Please note there is two type of archives
 - A Ballerina executable archive containing a main() function is named with the extension ".bmz". Use the following command to build an executable archive:
ballerina build main [-o filename]
 - A Ballerina service archive containing one or more services is named with the extension ".bsz". Use the following command to build a service archive:
ballerina build service [ …] [-o filename]
Now let's focus on how to create executable archive. For that, you need to run the ballerina build command, that will generates you '*.bmz' archive. You will notice that ballerinaDemo.bal having main() function
Once you create the folder structure as given above, then you should run following command to create 'bmz' archive.
You will find that archive called 'myproject.bmz' at the root directory. If curious,you can unzip myproject.bmz. The packing structure should be similar to whats given below.
You can use following command to execute the archive you have prepared. Since I have used function, I used a 'main' function then passed "hello hi" as argument to the runtime where that will be used by Twitter and Facebook to publish.
Useful commands
Build and execute the main function without package reference
 - ballerina build main tasks.bal tasks.bmz
 - ballerina run main tasks.bmz
Build and execute main function resides under package org/test/calc
 - ballerina build main org/test/calc -o my-calc
 - ballerina run main my-calc.bmz
Build and execute service without package reference
 - ballerina build service foo.bal -o my-service
 - ballerina run service my-service.bsz
Build and execute service function resides under package org/test/calc
 - ballerina run service org/test/calc
 - ballerina build service org/test/calc my-service
 - ballerina run service my-service.bsz
Understanding the connectors
Connectors basically having two faces, one which is known as the Client connectors while other one is Server Connectors. A connector represents a participant in the integration and is used to interact with an external system or a service you've defined in Ballerina. Ballerina includes a set of connectors under org.ballerinalang.connectors.* that allow you to connect to Twitter, Facebook, and more (as client connectors). If you have been working with WSO2 ESB, they have almost 140+ odd connectors written in a way that helps you to interact with external systems without rewriting the same code (I was there as a part of initial design of WSO2 ESB connectors) [3]. So, in ballerina, the same has to be represented (nothing out of the box), but ballerina is adding more clarity in terms of connector representation.
A connector language definition is defined as follows:
Facebook Connector language
Please have a look at [4], currently there are few connectors already developed but at draft stage, but you can get proper understanding on how easily you can write a connector. Once you write a connector, allyou need to do is to import the connector reference with above reference (i.e packing architecture information)
 1. Ballerina — Let's dance!!!!!
Architect/Associate Director WSO2
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The Wesleyan Connection
Why have a Center for the Study of Religious Freedom at Virginia Wesleyan, a small Methodist liberal arts college? The answer is simple.
Liberal Arts Education
Religious and cultural pluralism are prominent features of our complex and rapidly changing world. If we are to be engaged and productive citizens, we must learn to appreciate diverse perspectives and worldviews. A liberal arts education helps prepare students to do this.
At Virginia Wesleyan, the Center supports this educational goal through its interdisciplinary courses, interfaith forums, and other events.
United Methodist Heritage
Religious freedom has always been part of the Methodist tradition. The United Methodist Church recognizes religious freedom as a basic human right for persons of all faiths. The Church's social principles support the separation of church and state and strongly condemn all forms of religious intolerance.
United Methodist Church Resolution on Religious Liberty
United Methodist Church Resolution on Separation of Church and State
United Methodist Church Social Principle on Church and State Relations
United Methodist Church Social Principle on Rights of Religious Minorities
The United Methodist Church declares religious liberty, the freedom of belief, to be a basic human right. Religious liberty includes the freedom to doubt or to deny the existence of God, and to refrain from observing religious practices. We believe it is the right of a person to be allowed to follow the call of conscience when it becomes impossible to live by both the dictates of the state and the decisions of faith.- United Methodist Church Resolution on Religious Liberty


Optimizing NI-RFmx Measurements for Speed
Today's RF electronic devices pose many challenges to businesses tasked with ensuring that quality products are fabricated according to specifications. With an increasing pressure to lower the test costs, many RF test engineers face the challenge of reducing the measurement times. The need to optimize a test system for measurement speed has become increasingly important in automated test systems for design or production test. This document will explore various ways to optimize the speed of RF measurements using the NI-RFmx API.
NI-RFmx is a measurement-centric API that provides easy access to measurement speed optimization through:
 - Custom measurement parameters and instrument settings
 - Composite measurements
 - Multi-measurement parallelism with results naming
 - Measurement automation with signal naming
 - Instrument driver field-programmable array (FPGA) extensions
To further understand how NI-RFmx can be used to optimize your test application, you can review the four fundamental operations that are required to complete any measurement:
 - Configure measurement parameters
 - Acquire raw data
 - Analyze data per configured measurement parameters
 - Fetch desired results
From simple serial measurements to advanced parallelism, you can use NI-RFmx to easily build applications for test and measurement. NI-RFmx is optimized for modular instruments; thus, you can achieve the fastest test times with software that is built to exploit multi-core CPU processing and inherent parallelism in the PXI platform. Since the four operations listed above are performed on different modules in the system (e.g. VSA (acquire), host CPU (analyze), etc.), you can easily extract the parallelism inherent in RF measurements. In the first part of this document, the influence of RF measurement parameters and instrument settings on the overall measurement speed will be investigated. In addition, trade-offs, such as measurement speed vs. accuracy will be considered. Recommendations on how to achieve faster measurement speed will be provided. The second part of this document will cover various acquisition and analysis techniques for efficiently performing multiple measurements.
Part I: Measurement Parameters and Instrument Settings Optimizations
Traditionally, electrical signals were analyzed using an oscilloscope to observe voltage or current waveforms in the time domain. However, while time domain information is important, it doesn't provide the full picture. Observing the signal in frequency domain provides additional insight into the underlying structure of the analyzed signal. Using a spectrum analyzer, the frequency content of the signal can be observed, as depicted in the figure below.
Figure 1. Time and Frequency representation of the signal
There are two main types of spectrum analyzers: swept-tuned and FFT based. In this document, techniques to optimize measurement speed using FFT based spectrum analyzers will be discussed.
To produce the final spectrum measurement, the FFT-based spectrum analyzer takes multiple time domain acquisitions at different RF frequencies (as required), converts these to the frequency domain, and then stitches them together to form the complete spectrum. The time domain signals are converted to the frequency domain using fast Fourier transform (FFT). The FFT can be performed either on the host or on the FPGA of an RF instrument, such as NI PXIe-5646R or NI PXIe-5840 VST.
To understand how to optimize the measurements in the frequency domain, it is important to consider the basic structure of the FFT based spectrum analyzer. The following figure depicts a block diagram of superheterodyne spectrum analyzer. The term superheterodyne has the Greek roots, heteros, meaning "other" and dynamis, meaning "force" [2]. Here, heteros refers to the translation to another frequency, while dynamis refers to the apparent amplification of the detected signal during the heterodyne process. The super part of super-heterodyne refers to super-sonic, meaning that the heterodyne process was extended above the audio frequency range.
Figure 2. Structure of a superheterodyne spectrum analyzer
In a typical spectrum analyzer, an RF input signal first passes through an attenuator to limit the signal amplitude at the mixer and maximize the dynamic range of the measurement. Then, the signal travels through a pre-selector or a low-pass filter to eliminate any unwanted frequencies. Next, the attenuated and filtered RF input signal gets mixed with a local oscillator (LO) signal. As the LO is mixed in, the RF signal is downconverted to the IF frequency where the shape of the IF filter is traced out in the measured amplitude data.
Figure 3. Mixing process
The band-pass IF filter eliminates most of the unwanted signals (distortion products, images, etc.) resulting from the mixing process. After the signal passes through the IF filter stage, the signal goes through an anti-alias filter (AAF) that limits the bandwidth of the input signal before it enters the analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Next, the signal is converted from analog to the digital domain by an ADC. Once the signal is digitized, DSP is performed to provide improved dynamic range, faster sweep speed and better accuracy.
To take full advantage of the hardware specification of your vector signal analyzer and maximize the hardware performance, it is important to choose RF measurement settings that are aligned with the end-goal of your application. Sometimes the most accurate measurement is not the fastest one; it is important to understand which RF measurement settings control these trade-offs between accuracy and speed. NI-RFmx exposes RF measurement settings to achieve fast RF measurement times with capable accuracy. To further understand how the measurement process can be optimized, consider the measurement states that a VSA goes through while controlled by the NI-RFmx driver.
Figure 4. RFmx State Diagram (typical state transitions are displayed)
The hardware is first initialized and then transitions into the configuration state. After the hardware settings are changed in the Configuration State, and Commit is called to apply those settings to the hardware, an internal timer is triggered to consider the settling time needed for the settings to take effect. The total settling time will be dependent on what settings have been changed.
When the Initiate is called after Commit, it will consider the amount of settling time that has already elapsed and will wait for the remaining settling time, allowing the hardware settings to settle before starting the acquisition.
Different VSAs will have different settling times for different instrument settings (LO settling, frequency change, etc). For more information on the settling time of the instrument, please refer to its hardware specifications.
Instrument Settings
While configuring RF measurements, one area that takes noticeable time is applying the settings to the hardware. This is similar to disk write operations on the OS. No matter how fast your system is, every time an exchange of data with hardware is involved it takes considerable time. In some cases, committing a particular setting to the hardware can even take longer than the actual acquisition. The total measurement time (Configure + Commit + Initiate + Fetch) will be affected by the time it takes for instrument settings to settle. To minimize the instrument configuration time, RFmx implements a local cache of all the instrument settings. In addition, all the measurement settings are also cached to help minimize the re-configuration time between measurements. For example, if a TxP measurement is followed by an ACP measurement with a different bandwidth and reference level but at the same frequency, RFmx will only update the reference level and bandwidth settings on the hardware. Since the frequency has not been changed between measurements, RFmx does not re-apply the frequency setting to the hardware, thus reducing the configuration time by limiting interaction with the hardware to only when it is needed.
In addition, if your test system performs the same measurement at multiple frequencies and/or power levels repeatedly, NI-RFmx optimizes this though a property called "Limited Configuration Change" to help achieve faster measurements.
Figure 5. NI-RFmx "Limited Configuration Change" property
When the "Limited Configuration Change" property is enabled for the NI-RFmx driver (SpecAn, LTE, etc.), NI-RFmx will use an optimized code path and reuse the acquisition settings (cached on the first commit), ignoring changes to all attributes except for Frequency, Reference Level and External Attenuation. NI-RFmx will typically run checks on configurations to verify if any parameters have changed in case of driver modifications; enabling "Limited Configuration Change" will skip these checks and only modify the selected properties. This feature may also be leveraged to lock instrument settings to a signal, causing RFmx to ignore changes to RFmxInstr and personality properties in subsequent Initiate and Commit calls.
NI recommends using this feature with named signal configurations, allowing RFmx to precompute acquisition settings for the measurement configurations and re-use settings on successive Initiate calls on the measurement. Note that you do not need to use this property if you create named signals for all the measurement configurations in your test program during test sequence initialization. Also, do not change any RFInstr or personality properties while testing each device under test; NI-RFmx automatically optimizes that use case by caching the named signals settings internally.
Refer to the Advanced:Limited Configuration Change Property and Limitations of the Limited Configuration Change Property topics for more details.
RFmxInstr Advanced: Tuning Speed Property
Tuning speed property allows you to make trade-offs between the LO tuning speed and phase noise. For faster measurement time, set the "tuning speed" property to Fast.
Figure 6. LO tuning
The benefits of tuning speed will be most noticeable for multi-span acquisitions where the LO is retuned for multiple sub-spans. For a single-span acquisition (when the span of the acquisition is less than or equal to the instantaneous bandwidth of the analyzer and the center frequency remains fixed), setting the tuning speed to "Fast" will not have any improvement on the measurement speed since there is no need to retune the LO. However,


eShopOnWeb Architecture (16/16) – uses clean architecture
On a high level eShopOnWeb uses clean architecture.
The main idea of clean architecture is that the solution is spilt into different projects (or layers) and that the domain project is at the centre with all other projects pointing into it. Other projects typically include an Infrastructure and UI project. Importantly these point into the domain project via interfaces not concrete dependencies.
Concrete dependencies on things like Entity Framework and Redis are defined in the Infrastructure project. Dependency injection is a fundamental concept in clean architecture and is used to inject these dependencies at runtime.
The diagram below (taken from the accompanying eBook for eShopOnWeb) shows a typical clean architecture setup…
The main proposed benefits of clean architecture is that because its heavily abstracted its easy to swap out implementations and also easy to test. I've definitely seen these benefits when I've used it BUT unfortunately these benefits come with huge cost in terms of extra complexity of the overall solution.
One thing in particular with clean architecture is that it's so abstracted there's extra cognitive work required to actually know where in the application something is actually done and how things 'fit together'.
As clean architecture separates code by technical not functional concern it can often have really low functional cohesion and so code for any one use case is scattered all over the place. For example below shows the files (note.. some of these are needed by alternative architectures too) involved in the Get My Orders use case in eShopOnWeb. To get an end to end understanding of how this use case actually works I have to navigate through a lot of files and projects.
Click on the image for a larger view in a new window…
I find this kind of solution architecture very unsatisfying to work with as a developer and definitely notice myself using 'Go to Implementation' a lot when reviewing systems which use it.
Of course having so much separation of concerns also means debugging can be harder, onboarding can be harder, PRs can be larger as often a lot of files to change, tracking bugs back to check-ins can be harder, documenting the system can be harder and yes actually adding or changing features can IMHO also be much harder.
Vertical slice architecture as an alternative to clean architecture?
IMHO vertical slice architecture is a much more pragmatic and developer friendly macro-architecture.
With VSA we aim to limit abstractions and have high feature cohesion by placing concrete code which corresponds to any one feature or use case together. For example… in the below still from Derek Comartins Restructuring to a Vertical Slice Architecture video on YouTube he has restructured the eShopOnWeb code for the Get My Orders use case shown above so that it is all together…
And the code for Derek's refactor is available on the accompanying blog post on his site.
It might not be one for the 'purists' among us but IMHO having all (or most) of the code for a particular use case together (doesn't necessarily have to be in the same file) is much easier to work with than having to constantly navigate around layers of abstractions and multiple projects as is often the case with clean architecture.
Of course the above is just my opinion and using clean architecture is definitely not 'wrong'… it's extremely popular online and because context is everything some projects will absolutely benefit from the rigid structure it provides. In particular many architects feel it helps less senior developers into the 'pit of success' which basically means its an architecture which makes it harder for them to do the wrong things due to how structured and prescriptive it is.
What do you like to use in your apps? Clean architecture, vertical slice architecture or something else?
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List of Topics and Articles
Silk Floss Trees in Spain • Ian
City landscaping can be boring. It is usually based on the idea of minimal maintenance, minimal plant cost, and marginally acceptable aesthetics. But occasionally, it surprises even me.
I happened to pass by La Caixa opposite "Parque de las Naciones" in Torrevieja just as the magnificent Silk floss trees (Ceiba speciosa/Chorisia speciosa) were in full bloom. Whauw! I always notice how many of these trees there are around town when they are in bloom – there are more of them than we think.
Considered one of the most beautiful trees in the world, the Silk floss tree is a deciduous tree and a member of the Bombacaceae, or cotton-tree family. It is also known as "Floss silk tree" and "'Kapok tree". Its common name in Spanish is "Palo borracho" (drunken tree). The common English name of Silk floss tree is more readily understood as the seeds are surrounded by a white, fluffy, silk-like material.
It is a fast growing tree ideal for spring and summer shade that can grow up to 60 feet (18 m) tall and almost as wide. A native of tropical climates of Brazil and Argentina, it prefers warm, humid environments, but can survive temperatures down to -7°C on an occasional basis, which means it survives fine here.
Silk floss tree is known for its beautiful flowers, large seedpods with a silky, cottony substance (kapok) within, and large thorns that grow from the greenish bark of the trunk protecting the trunk and limbs. The thorns are cone shaped and make you think twice before becoming a tree-hugger or trying to climb it. There is also a grafted thornless variety, but I don't think they are as decorative as the spiny ones.
In younger trees, the trunk is green due to its high clorophyll content, which makes it capable of performing photosynthesis when leaves are absent. With age it turns to gray. At full maturity the base trunk of the tree will become bloated with water – giving it a "bottle tree" look. The base fills with water storing cells causing the stretched bark to form green furrows along the gray bark.
Pale green leaves will emerge from the tree in spring, and when the leaves drop in autumn, they are replaced by spectacular star-shaped flowers in shades ranging from creamy white, through varying shades of pink, to dark red or purple. The flowers are often compared to lilies or hibiscus. They have five distinct petals and may be 4 to 6 inches (10-15cm) across. The trees are very showy when in peak bloom. The older the tree, the better the flower display.
 Silk-seedpods The flowers are replaced by inedible, avocado shaped fruits up to six inches (15cm) in length. The fruit is a capsule, consistent with most trees in this family, and is filled with seeds embedded in silky, white floss. When mature, the pods split open releasing the seeds to be dispersed by the wind.
The cotton-like substance of the floss, or kapok, has very smooth fibres – regrettably too smooth to be spun into textile thread. Because of the fact that this material is lighter than cotton, more buoyant and much more resistant to saturation of water (the floss can support 30 times its own weight in water), the kapok was in earlier times harvested commercially for stuffing life jackets, seat cushions, mattresses and saddles. Silk-kapok
 Silk-pink_flowers Silk floss trees are happy in most soils with good drainage, are very drought tolerant, and have no pest problems worth mentioning. For this reason, they are frequently planted in parks and along roadsides. It is also a premier tree choice for your landscape, but is not a tree for a small garden. Plant the tree in full sun with plenty of room to spread. Do not plant it near any structures as it will get big and eventually cause problems with its extensive roots and canopy. The trees can be a bit messy (leaves, flowers, fruit), but I find the mess easy to clean up compared with many other plan
How to grow your own silk floss trees
Propagation is usually by seeds. Sow seeds from spring to early summer. Use a mix of humus and garden soil. Plant seeds at 1 inch (2.5 cm) of depth and keep the plants at temperatures higher than 15°C. Water regularly, without letting the soil dry out for more than a day. Give your plants a rich fertilizing treatment once a month. Your seeds should germinate in 4 to 6 months, but it could be more - don't get discouraged.
Keep young plants away from strong winds, but always give them light and sun.The young trees start out growing fast, straight, and narrow, then slowly develop broadly spreading umbrella canopies as they age. With individual trees grown from seed there can be variations in the flower colours; more pink, more rose, etc.
Soon it will be time to harvest those seedpods if you want to give it a try…
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Obsession with cleanliness 'could be making people depressed'April 20th, 2011 - 2:55 pm ICT by ANI
London, April 19 (ANI): Scientists have claimed that a growing obsession with cleanliness could be making people depressed.
They believe that eliminating bacteria and viruses has actually made our immune systems weaker, and this in turn has affected the functioning of our brains.
Scientists have long blamed our overly sterile environments for increases in asthma and allergies. They say some bacteria are necessary for bolstering our immune systems, and without them our bodies over-react to dust and pollen, resulting in an allergy.
But now researchers believe that this over-reaction may also impair the brain's ability to produce certain chemicals that make us happy - such as serotonin - and this leads to depression.
Researchers in Atlanta, Georgia, have studied how this over-reaction, or inflammation, affects the brain by recruiting a group of 27 patients taking drugs to treat hepatitis C - which causes similar reactions.
They believe certain reactions may affect the brain's ability to produce certain chemicals including serotonin, known as the "happy hormone".
"We believe the immune system is causing depression," the Daily Mail quoted Dr Andrew Miller, one of the scientists, as saying.
"As people develop and grow up, their immune system develops. If they are exposed to more bacteria and parasites, they are able to better control the inflammation.
"Nowadays people's environment is much cleaner and hygienic so our immune system never really learns how to deal with infectious agents. We are overactive because our immune system has not been trained," added Miller.
The study has been published in the journal Molecular Pyschiatry. (ANI)
- Cleaning obsession could be making us more depressed - Apr 19, 2011
- Source of happiness may lie in your gut - Jun 13, 2012
- Biological changes in depressed patients - Nov 30, 2010
- Over cleanliness could wreck immune system! - Mar 23, 2012
- Catching flu early can protect you from asthma later - Dec 15, 2010
- Is depression byproduct of our ability to fight infection? - Mar 02, 2012
- Cell component that triggers cat allergy identified - Mar 10, 2011
- Inflammation drug promising in depression - Sep 04, 2012
- Rogue DNA could trip the heart - Apr 26, 2012
- 'Allergies linked to lower risk of brain tumours' - Aug 06, 2012
- Mice study finds link between depression and inflammatory response - Dec 21, 2010
- Encounter with bugs gears infants against allergies - Nov 03, 2011
- Poor brain connectivity behind many faces of depression - Feb 28, 2012
- Blood test to tell whether anti-depressants work - Dec 16, 2011
- Why some people are apple-shaped and others pear-shaped - Mar 10, 2011
Tags: allergy, andrew miller, atlanta georgia, bacteria, brains, cleanliness, daily mail, dr andrew, hepatitis, hepatitis c, immune system, immune systems, infectious agents, inflammation, obsession, parasites, pollen, serotonin, sterile environments, taking drugs


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Application note PD 640
Analogue input/output: 4 x (0-20mA / 4-20mA)
The PD 640 contains 4 analogue channels, of which 2 channels can be configured for analogue input or analogue output, and 2 channels are permanent analogue inputs.
When a channel is used as an analogue output, the input channel reads back the actual current of the output.
All PROCES-DATA modules are based on the Channel concept. A channel is a functional object, consisting of functions and all function related data.
A PD 640 Module consists of 3 channel types:
– Service channel:
– Analogue Input/Output channel:
– Analogue Input channel:
General module behaviour and interface.
Functions and data for analogue input / output.
Functions and data for analogue input.
An Analogue Input/Output channel in a PD 640 module is identical to an Analogue Input channel except for the addition of two output registers:
– Percentage output and Scaled output
Also, the channel configuration enables the selection of input or output:
– Signal type
Analogue Input channel description:
Input channels provided by PROCES-DATA contain much more than just the basic input function. The input channel functions and associated parameters are formed into a channel description. The module's integrated controller handles all channel functions.
Functions need only to be configured for operation. No additional programming is required.
Analogue Input Channel monitors:
– Signal out of range
– Wire broken (4-20mA mode only)
Analogue Input Channel functions:
– Input signal scaling to SI unit
– Analogue Input Filter
Analogue Input/Output Channel functions:
– Output percentage
– Output scaled
PD 641 Application Notes (Pt100 / Pt 1000)
PD 642 Application Notes (mV / thermocouple)


text:
MTB TraIl nearby Soto de Viñuelas natural area, in España and Alcobendas population.
The largest locality in the area is Fuencarral-El Pardo
, with a population of 220,085 persons, at a distance of 11.038 kilometers from the center of the map.
The nearest is Alcobendas
(107,514 persons), at a distance of
The following indicators give us an idea of the difficulty of the route:
- Trail length: 37.219 kilometers.
- Min height: 654 meters above sea level.
- Max height: 757 meters above sea level.
- Average height: 712 meters above sea level.
- Average slope uphill: 2.500 %.
- Average slope downhill: -2.615 %.
- Mathematical difficulty index: 5.885.