JM Banknotes
JM Banknotes
History on Banknotes: Gregorio Luperon
A Dominican hero, Gregorio Luperon is best known for his fight to restore what is now the Dominican Republic after it was annexed by the Spanish Government. Haiti and the Dominican Republic are connected to each as they on the same island mass in the Caribbean Ocean. As history would tell it Haiti belonged to the French and the Dominican Republic belonged to Spain. Haiti found its independence from the French crown and it caused many in the Dominican Republic to feel as if they too wanted independence.
The Dominican Republic entered a pact with the Spanish Government that offered it protection from the Haitians who may want to unit the entire island into one nation. This is were Gregorio Luperon became a hero for the Dominican Republic. Luperon led the Domincian Military in a fight against the Spaniards to regain the Dominicans independence again.
Dominican Republic 20 Pesos Oro P182
countries130331113012 (1)


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How the Healing Tradition of Ayahuasca Can Help
The tradition is so deep. There is just so much to learn and most of it goes beyond the field of healing, into a realm of consciousness, of existence itself. The lessons learned from ayahuasca and plant medicine can improve our lives on every level, in every aspect. Carlos Tanner shares some of those insights with the goal of presenting new concepts and perspectives that might nurture your soul.
EPISODE ONE: Carlos Tanner is the program director of the Ayahuasca Foundation, a Peruvian non-profit organization he started in 2009. He has organized healing retreats and educational courses attended by over a thousand people from all over the world. He has witnessed the treatment of a wide variety of health issues and the healing process within the Shipibo plant medicine tradition. In this series Carlos shares some of the most important lessons he has learned from studying the Shipibo tradition of ayahuasca and plant medicine for the last fifteen years. He hopes these insights will not only contribute to a deeper understanding of how the tradition of ayahuasca and plant medicine works, but also how we can all move closer to achieving our goals of health, happiness, and satisfaction.
EPISODE TWO: If you made a list of all the things you love, would you be on it? In episode 2, Carlos Tanner describes his experiences with healing trauma using ayahuasca and plant medicine. He discusses the importance of relationships and how we can improve our health and happiness by becoming more conscious of how we react to our experiences.
EPISODE THREE: When you get a cut, do you heal it? No. It just heals. All we need to do is keep it clean. In Episode 3, Carlos discusses the universal motivating principle within all living beings towards wholeness, health, harmony, and happiness. He describes a four step process for healing outlined in Leonard Laskow's book: Healing with Love, and explains a major difference between western and indigenous healing methods when responding to symptoms.
EPISODE FOUR: Do you love the medicine you're taking? In Episode 4, Carlos discusses how the healing tradition that surrounds the use of plant medicine enhances the effectiveness of medicine by cultivating the inner environment. He describes his observations of the power of belief and faith in the healing process and how those aspects of consciousness can be optimized to increase the likelihood of successful outcomes.
EPISODE FIVE: Are you willing to do whatever it takes? In Episode 5, Carlos describes a fundamental aspect of training to become a curandero, the plant dieta. He discusses the purpose of the dieta and what it means to give up something to demonstrate how much we care and how important our goal is to us. He continues to relate this concept to the nourishment of our inner soil and optimization of our inner environment. He also poses some interesting questions that he gained from his observations of over one thousand retreat and course participants.
EPISODE SIX: Have you ever felt like the universe was picking on you? We've all had those times in our lives when we've wanted to shake our fist at the sky and say 'why me?' In Episode 6, Carlos elaborates on his experiences with plant dietas. He describes the concept of being tested while on dieta and how that concept can be helpful in all aspects of our lives. He describes how obstacles and challenges in life can be viewed positively and how changes in perspective and attitude can turn challenges into opportunities to advance, to ascend to a new level of understanding and ability. He continues to relate these changes to the concept of optimizing our inner environments, and how everything will work out.
EPISODE SEVEN: Nature Heals. Nature Guides. Nature Knows. In Episode 7, Carlos discusses how through dietas he has learned to look to the forest for answers. He describes how nature is an immense collective consciousness with an evolutionary history of hundreds of millions of years. He makes the important point that we as humans often don't recognize ourselves as a part of nature, even though we clearly are, for we are living beings. By reconnecting with the whole that is nature, the earth, the universe, we can return to the natural guidance and healing of nature. It seems so simple, because it is, but by disconnecting ourselves from the whole, we lose our faith, our knowing that we will be ok.
EPISODE EIGHT: How do you see things? In Episode 8, Carlos talks about understanding perspective and how it relates to communication. He shares his experiences with ayahuasca that helped him remember that we are all children, and that how each person interprets and acts in the world is shaped by their influences, both positive and negative. Optimizing understanding in communication involves sharing perspectives, even when that communication is interdimensional.
EPISODE NINE: Forgiveness is a profound healing act that liberates to love again. In episode 9 Carlos discusses the importance of forgiveness to free ourselves to achieve our highest potential for love. He presents a novel understanding of forgiveness and the effect it has on our ability to realize true happiness and satisfaction in life.
EPISODE TEN: When you Trust the Process and commit to doing Whatever it Takes, you will achieve your goals. In episode 10 Carlos reviews the previous nine episodes and sums up each episode's message more succinctly. He'll put up another series with more helpful ideas and stories soon…

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Lead a fun design challenge with students and ask them to create a special outfit for a classmate!
This activity supports the development of the following social-emotional skills: social awareness and relationship skills.
Ask students to pair up with a classmate, and ask the following questions:
With this information, students should use the handout below to design a special outfit that their friend would appreciate, which also highlights something special about the other person (e.g., something they are good at).
Ask students to record a Flipgrid video together where they exchange their designs. Make sure they keep their designs a secret prior to pressing "record" - it should be a surprise!
Guide students through a post-activity reflection by asking the following questions:
This activity was created in partnership with the Merrills EDU.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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The Michaelis Foundation for Global Education is proud to announce a partnership with InnovaSpace (Innovaspace.org), located in London, United Kingdom.
The two organizations will collaborate in the development of space outreach activities. InnovaSpace Kids2Mars project will join the Science Days initiative of the Foundation, with the aim of promoting STEM and Space educational undertakings
Hopefully, this message will be uplifting for all of you in these challenging times
From the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak, the Michaelis Foundation has expanded its educational virtual programs in response to the original and continually evolving demands for more remote online activities for children and families across the globe.
The Michaelis Foundation has already produced one online virtual conference with 150+ participants and prepared two hands on activities for 3,500 kids.
We are committed to sharing our expertise, energy, and programs to address the issues of the global social isolation by nurturing adaptability and providing quality Space & STEAM education activities to support individual resiliency.
Together with our global partners, we have been able to use our skills, creativity, and ingenuity to collectively solve educational challenges.
All the best,
The Michaelis Foundation Team
For the fourth year, The Michaelis Foundation is collaborating with SEE (Simulation Exploration Experience). See is an international, student based, space exploration simulation initiative, applying commercial off the shelf (COTS) software tools to generate 3D models and simulations of space exploration activities. 14 Students teams from all over the world - from the US, Canada, Brazil, Bulgaria, Germany, Britain, France and Italy, others are cooperating in the virtual conquest of space.
The Simulation Exploration Experience (SEE) joins students, industry, professional associations, and faculty together for an annual modeling and simulation (M&S) challenge. SEE champions collaborative collegiate-level modeling and simulation by providing a venue for students to work in highly dispersed inter-university teams to design, develop, test, and execute simulated missions associated with space exploration. Participating teams gain valuable knowledge, skills, and increased employability by working closely with industry professionals, NASA, and faculty advisors.
This year, SEE will take place remotely and onsite in Brazil, April 25th-May 2nd for the performance by the SEE 2019 teams - representing 15 universities from 5 continents, across 11 time zones – of the simulated Space mission on both the Moon and Mars on which they collaborate. Participants include universities from Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina-Faso, Germany, Italy, France, Pakistan, United Kingdom and USA. The workshop events will include the Review of the Experience of SEE on April 25-26th - both remotely and in Brazil, and will be held at FACENS University in the city of Sorocaba.
The Viera High School, KSCIA and The Michaelis Foundation hosted the "STEM Night Meeting With Space Experts" event on October 23rd to inspire local and international students to consider taking up STEM – science, technology, engineering and mathematics – subjects in school.
Students had the opportunity to meet and exchange ideas with two guest speakers who are working in the space program. During the presentation students learned about the International Space Station and some of the innovative experiments that are being conducted on the ISS.
The Michaelis Foundation has invested years developing programs that build bridges between the United States and the world. We are honored to be co-hosting this amazing program and welcoming students and educators from all over the world to the Space Coast to experience first-hand leadership in international space education that our country has to offer," says Jefferson Michaelis, Space Educator of The Michaelis Foundation.
"The experience and expertise that The Michaelis Foundation brings to the world is very much needed in the time we live in today," said Jose Carlos Filho (JC) head of the International Space Cooperation (ISC) for KSCIA International Space Academy (KSCIA). "Working with students who think and feel differently from us, who come from different cultures is a life changing experience."
We not only guide young students to learn mathematics science, but we also actively promote compound education in space, with new PBL experiments, science and technology, and promote cooperation to different ethnic groups, so that the whole society gains on this global cooperation and harmony among various countries says Carla Michaelis project manager of The Michaelis Foundation.
Special thanks to Mr. Michael Gisande and Janicce Harp.
The International Space Camp Journey To Mars was launched in August 2019 and already inspired hundreds of children and young adults to better understand the wonders of space and our universe. The program is based on an international alliance of cooperation for global space education and offers participants a chance to learn about innovative experiences of the space agencies.
The Space Camp Journey to Mars, created by the Michaelis Foundation, is a combination of hands on and PBL Space and STEM experiences celebrating the man's journey to Mars that is truly inspiring hundreds of young minds to pursue STEM education and careers.
The Journey To Mars featured the giant Mars exploration map - a huge map that reproduces the Martian terrain in details. During the Space Camp, children had an opportunity to build and launch very cool stomp rockets, explored the wonders of the red planet and, with the help of an app, interacted with NASA rovers - space exploration vehicles - in augmented reality.
Professor Füchter, who lectured at NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC) on the theme: "Augmented Reality for Technical Training" to NASA engineers by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), demonstrated to young people the augmented reality experiences during the Exploration Tour called Journey to Mars.
Hundreds of young people also had the opportunity to participate in a special activity called surviving on Mars, where they used similar geopositioning coordinates that NASA uses to explore Mars terrain. Also used in the workshop occupying Mars, 8- to 12-year-old kids learned about Mars habitat and its structural requirements. Additionally, kids tested their own designs to develop their future homes on Mars, and thus learned how astronauts in the near future will inhabit Mars.
All these amazing experiences bring new perspectives on science. According to the student Gabrielle Mendonça "It was very exciting and motivating, exceeding all my expectations. Glad I went to the space camp. I'm sure it will open many doors and I am now available to contribute with this project. I'm certain that my participation will bring me closer to my dream of going one day to Space. This was just a start point in my life, because my dream goes much further when I see Earth through space into the unknown" said Gabrielle.
"I am teaching the Mars generation," says Space Camp instructor Amanda Cirne, "These students will be the astronauts, engineers, scientists and project managers that will lead to human exploration of Mars and beyond. Plus, the current space missions provided a tremendous hook to help connect STEM content with real-world application. Science becomes real and exciting."
The public is welcome Saturday July 20th to come and talk to the space workers who played a part in Apollo 11--and toast the Moon landing--as the American Space Museum plans a special day of activities for the whole family.
"Meet Apollo Space Workers Who Did It!" will feature a panel discussion by three special NASA workers from 10:30 am-noon; informal interaction all day with many other Apollo-era NASA contractors; hands-on STEAM and straw rockets for kids; an afternoon science demonstration; and a "Tang Toast" at 4:18 pm--the moment the Eagle Lunar Module touched down on the Moon.
The non-profit museum will also have docents at the site of the Apollo Monument and life-size statue of President John F. Kennedy at Space View Park in Downtown Tittusville to explain the lunar voyage.
The NASA Apollo workers, who will share some of their memorabilia from the Moon Race, include:
Bob Pearson, NASA engineer who was an instructor on the Lunar Module simulator at Kennedy Space Center and taught all the Apollo astronauts how to land on the Moon; Hazel (Sekac) Banks, NASA clerk/stenographer to the astronauts, interacting with them professionally--and sometimes on the softball field!
Ike Rigel, NASA engineering legend and World War II Pacific Rim veteran, who, at age 96, will be signing his book about his long life titled, "Ike," with proceeds donated to the museum.
There will also be many other Apollo-era space workers at the museum throughout to day to share their stories one-on-one and explain some of the artifacts on display from the 20th Century Space Age.
Everyone in attendance will be given a commemorative coin of Apollo 11, and ASM will promote a $5 discount for individual and family annual memberships.
The Saturday event is partnered with the Titusville Downtown Merchants Association and the Titusville Area Chamber of Commerce promotion of Apollo 11 Moon landing with a Tang toast at 4:18 pm, occurring at other retail locations around Titusville.
Special participants at the ASM celebration of Apollo 11 will be:
Emile Buehler Planetarium, Michaelis Foundation, Sidewalk Science Center and Brevard Astronomical Association.
There are many exciting and lucrative careers in STEM fields, and women working in those fields like Dr. Nahid Mohajeri are inspiring the next generation of powerful females working in science, technology, engineering and math.
Dr. Nahid Mohajeri is the Advanced Polymer Technology General Manager at Nitto, Inc. Prior to joining Nitto, Dr. Mohajeri was the CEO of HySense Technologies LLC., the company which she founded with a mission of developing/marketing a chemochromic hydrogen detection tape developed by scientists at NASA-KSC and University of Central Florida. She is the inventor/co-inventor of 12 patents and author/co-author of greater than 50 publications.
Hundreds of young girls from various schools attended Dr. Nahid'


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Skilling Up to Do Data: Whose Role, Whose Responsibility, Whose Career?
What are the roles necessary to effective data management and what kinds of expertise are needed by the researchers and data specialists who are filling those roles? These questions were posed at a workshop of data creators and curators whose delegates challenged the DCC and RIN to identify the training needs and career opportunities for the broad cohort that finds itself working in data management – sometimes by design but more often by accident. This paper revisits previous investigations into the roles and responsibilities required by a "data workforce", presents a representative spectrum of informed opinion from the DCC Research Data Management Forum, and makes some recommendations for raising capability, capacity and status.
Copyright for papers and articles published in this journal is retained by the authors, with first publication rights granted to the University of Edinburgh. It is a condition of publication that authors license their paper or article under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence.


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Entertain Your Plants
But take my word for it, music doesn't help
Every year I receive several requests from students interested in designing a science fair experiment to see if music improves plant growth. Back in the 1980s and early '90s, a flurry of research projects studied the effects of sound on plant growth. As long as I have been on the review boards for plant science journals, I have never read or heard of a research project that proved music made plants grow. Scientists have never proven that classical music was better than rock and roll or acid rock. There has never been any indication that soft music is more beneficial than loud music.
The only published research on sound's effect on plant growth features the effects of sonic booms. Exposing tomato plants to sonic booms resulted in stunted and distorted growth. Microscopic examination showed disruption of cell components. If sonic booms can shatter glass, it is no wonder they can disrupt plant cells.
There was one Kansas State University study, however, that showed greenhouses with piped-in music produce more salable plants than greenhouses left quiet. All the greenhouses studied had approximately the same number of plants. After all marketable plants had been sold, the researcher simply recorded the number of plants in each greenhouse that needed to be discarded due to poor quality. The number of plants discarded from the greenhouses that did not have music piped in was significantly greater than the number of discarded plants from the musical greenhouse.
The researchers concluded that people took better care of the plants in greenhouses that had piped-in music.
I can't remember if the music played was rock and roll, classical or instrumental. This gives you an idea as to how long ago the experiment was conducted.
Ask Dr. Gouin your questions at _EMAIL_. All questions will appear in Bay Weekly. Please include your name and address.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Michigan Jewry During Depression and War
June 20 - September 23, 2012
The Great Depression and World War II had significant impact on every American during that era. American Jews had a unique experience. While many enjoyed success and popularity, they were also aware that anti-Semitism was an ever-present threat. The rise of Nazi Germany and the horrors of the Holocaust were further sources of stress.
Uneasy Years: Michigan Jewry During Depression and War explores the dilemmas and successes of Michigan Jews during the decades of the 1930s and 1940s. The exhibit's photographs explore how Jews, many of whom were recent immigrants or refugees, adjusted to American life, made it through the Great Depression, and participated in the American war effort.
A series of oral history interviews with members of the Kalamazoo Jewish community brings a local dimension to the exhibit. Artifacts reflecting local religious observances will also be on display.
This traveling exhibit was made possible with financial support from the Congregation Shaarey Zedek of East Lansing, Michigan State University Jewish Studies Program, Michigan State University Museum, the Michigan Humanities Council, the Ben Teitle Foundation, the Michigan Council for Arts and Cultural Affairs, and private donors.


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Jonathan Raymond is the founder of Refound.com and the author of a new book called 'Good Authority'. Jonathan has worked in many businesses, including, in the wind energy sector, as a lawyer, and as a yoga instructor. He began his work as a business consultant when he became the CEO of EMyth in 2011.
In this broadcast, Jonathan Raymond and I talk about:
- How becoming the CEO of EMyth helped him begin to find his balance in life.
- Why it is that Refound.com has the goal of 'helping the helper'.
- Some of the common challenges to holding people accountable in business and organizations.
- How to hold people accountable while keeping an open heart. How to be a boss who is not too tough or too soft.
- Identifying some of the symptoms of being a boss who is not great at accountability with his team, including:
- Constantly finding yourself mediating disputes between people.
- Having the sense that there are sloppy mistakes being made by your team.
- Having people continually check in with you on tasks they should be able to complete themselves.
- Finding that every meeting ends with a call for better communication.
- Frequently seeing that something is 'off' with your team but not doing anything about it.
- How to take proactive steps to avoid these accountability and communication problems by naming the problem and setting up a culture of communication within your organization.
- The problems that happen when bosses forget that they do have power, which can cause a barrier to honest communication.
- His theory of the 'Trickle-Down-Transformation', how it happens and why it does not work.
- How the alternative to Trickle-Down-Transformation is real time feed back, a culture of communication within the organization, and consistent outside feedback from those who are structurally outside of the day-to-day operations of the organization.
How to find Jonathan Raymond online:
- Websites: Refound.com
- Book: Good Authority: How to Become the Leader Your Team Is Waiting For
- Course: The Culture Course
- Twitter: _USER_
If you enjoyed today's podcast, please leave a review on iTunes here. Thanks so much in advance for your support.


Sorting
Sorting is a function that you can push to the server to increase the performance of the Kendo UI Grid wrapper for Vue.
To enable the sorting functionality of the native Vue Grid by Kendo UI, refer to the native Vue Grid by Kendo UI documentation.
To implement sorting, use the DataSource component and set the serverSorting option on the dataSource instance to true. If you delegate the sorting to the server, you will receive the default orderBy parameter. The orderBy field contains the field name of the column in the dataset by which the data is sorted.
By default, the sorting of Kendo UI Data Grid wrapper for Vue data is disabled. The Grid supports the following sorting formats:
 - Single-column sorting—To enable it, set the sortable option of the Grid to true.
 - Multi-column sorting—To enable it, set the mode option to multiple.
The following example demonstrates how to implement a Grid with its multiple-column sorting enabled.
<div id="vueapp" class="vue-app">
 <kendo-datasource ref="datasource1"
 :transport-read-url="'_URL_
 :type="'odata'"
 :page-size='20'
 :schema-model-fields="schemaModelFields">
 </kendo-datasource>
 <kendo-grid :height="600"
 :data-source-ref="'datasource1'"
 :sortable-mode="'multiple'"
 :sortable-allow-unsort="true"
 :sortable-show-indexes="true"
 :pageable-button-count="5">
 <kendo-grid-column :field="'OrderID'"
 :width="120"></kendo-grid-column>
 <kendo-grid-column :field="'ShipName'"
 :title="'Ship Name'"
 :width="240"></kendo-grid-column>
 <kendo-grid-column :field="'ShipCountry'"
 :title="'Ship Country'"
 :filterable-multi="true"
 :width="180"></kendo-grid-column>
 <kendo-grid-column :field="'ShipCity'"
 :title="'Ship City'"
 :width="180"></kendo-grid-column>
 <kendo-grid-column :field="'Freight'"
 :width="180" ></kendo-grid-column>
 <kendo-grid-column :field="'OrderDate'"
 :title="'Order Date'"
 :format="'{0:MM/dd/yyyy}'"
 :width="180"></kendo-grid-column>
 </kendo-grid>
</div>
Vue.use(GridInstaller);
Vue.use(DataSourceInstaller);
new Vue({
 el: '#vueapp',
 data () {
 return {
 schemaModelFields: {
 OrderID: { type: 'number' },
 ShipName: { type: 'string' },
 ShipCountry: { type: 'string' },
 ShipCity: { type: 'string' },
 Freight: { type: 'string' },
 OrderDate: { type: 'date' }
 }
 }
 }
})
In this article


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The landscape painter Martín Rico (_PHONE_) present all the different phases within the career of this Madrid-born artist, from his early landscapes of the Sierra of Madrid to his compositions painted in Venice and Paris.
The exhibition displays the following sections:
Portraits of Martín Rico by Raimundo de Madrazo, Ricardo de Madrazo, Mariano Fortuny, Joaquín Sorolla and a Self-portrait.
Rico's Beginnings as Landscape Painter (_PHONE_)
This section explores the painters' early artistic activities dedicated to the production of watercolours –as shown by the Escorial, Segovia and Avila Album from the holdings of the Museo Nacional del Prado– and oil paintings –represented by views of Covadonga, the Guadarrama Mountains surrounding Madrid as well as of Azañón (Alcarria region). These works mark the beginnings of the artist's transition from Romanticism towards Realism.
Realism. Sojourns in Switzerland and France (_PHONE_)
The works Rico produced during his stay in Switzerland where he formed part of the circle of Alexander Calame, and subsequently during his sojourns along the riversides of the Seine, Oise and Marne, reveal his fully developed realistic style. Especially his landscapes painted in France reveal a close affiliation to the work of Charles-François Daubigny.
Granada, Seville, Toledo and other Spanish locations (_PHONE_)
During the artist's stay in Granada, where he established a close relationship to Fortuny, his painting entered into a phase marked by a high degree of luminosity and freshness of colour. The works produced at this stage illustrate Rico's emancipation from Realism, particularly his views of mentioned towns.
French and Italian Landscapes after 1872
During his mature phase, Rico combines this luminosity with elements of the Spanish preciocismo style, which becomes apparent in his views of Madrid, Toledo, Paris, Chartres and Beaulieu.
Views of Venice (_PHONE_)
From 1873 onwards, the artist's discovery of Venice contributed to bring to perfection his definite artistic style, in which he achieves a perfect balance between the softness of his painterly execution, the fine rendering of light and the chromatic qualities. Due to the activity of international art merchants such as Goupil and Knoedler, his works entered some of the best Northern American collections. Rico's most outstanding works are to represent this best known phase of his artistic career.


10σ. If we take a subsample including 217 SNIa with very small observational average error to do the same statistics, One finds that over 10% of total SNIa are outline of 5σ. So UNION2 shows a strong non-Gaussian distribution. Really, the critical permitted outline value of 2.6σ in the standardized normal distribution is 0.805%. Following the SATL2, performing the χ2 check test in the UNION2 work, the average of the total observational error of SNIa's distance modulus is 0.31m. The result comes out that the 3.796% of the data is derived from 2.6σ element with an average error of 0.31m. Obviously, the distance modulus error deviates from the Gaussian distribution, and it is incorrect to obtain the systematic error σsys of SNIa by the χ2 check test method.
We think that the real intrinsic error of an SNIa compilation should be based on statistical diagram of the number of SNIa (to see Figure 2). As we don't know the exact luminosities (the absolute bolometric magnitude) of SNIa with high redshift, it is the only way to use SALT2 to get the absolute bolometric magnitudes of "modeling SNIa". At the maximum luminosity, the intrinsic error of the absolute magnitude is the half width at half maximum of the statistic distribution curve of the number of SNIa with the maximum luminosity (to see Figure 2). The intrinsic error ΔMint = 0.38m, which is larger than the systematic error given by the χ2 check test.
4. Query on Accelerating Expansion of the Universe (I)
Figure 3 shows the average total observation error of distance modulus from modeling SNIa samples as a function of red-shift, z. The average total observation error of distance modulus is ( Δ μ ) 2 = ( Δ M total ) 2 + ( δ m ) 2 . Based on the observational apparent magnitude error from the UNION2 and SNIa data, we divided intervals per Δz = 0.1. By using the same χ2 check test method, we give the statistics to calculate this sample's average total observation error of distance modulus. One can find that the observation error of the distance modulus increases greatly with the increase of red-shift of SNIa in the very high red-shift region. As can be seen from Figure 4, the residual error of SNIa's distance modulus is a function of red-shift of SNIa. The curves of three from top to bottom represent the models of cosmic accelerating, constant speed, and slow down expansion, respectively. It is also found that the average total observational error of SNIa is obviously greater than 0.55m, which is much larger than 0.40m (see in Figure 3 and Figure 4). So we don't know for sure if the universe is accelerating. Recently, Ref. [15] discussed the marginal evidence in detail for cosmic acceleration
Figure 2. The Statistic distribution of the absolute magnitude at maximum luminosity (Mmax) for SNIa. The abscissa is Mmax f SNIa, the ordinate is the number of SNIa with Mmax. The half width at the half height for the peak of the distribution curve (HMHW) is just the intrinsic error (or the proper error) of the absolute magnitude at the maximum luminosity for the samples of SNIa.
Figure 3. Varies of (average) the observational error of the distance modulus with redshift of SNIa. The abscissa is the red-shift of SNIa, the ordinate is the "modeling SNIa" sample's average total observational errors of distance modulus. It shows that the observational error of the distance modulus increases with the increasing redshift of SNIa in region of the remote high red-shift.
Figure 4. The residual error for the distance modulus of SNIa. The abscissa is the red-shift of SNIa, the ordinate the residual error for the distance modulus of SNIa. The three curves from left to right, from top to bottom, represent calculating curves of the universe expansion, which is accelerating, uniform or decelerating, respectively. They show that the residual error bars of the distance modulus of SNIa are too large (>0.55m) to judge the universe expansion being accelerating, uniform or decelerating.
from type Ia supernovae. From the larger database of supernovae, they performed rigorous statistical tests to check whether these 'standard candles' really do indicate an accelerating expansion of the universe. Taking into account of the empirical procedure, by which corrections are made to their absolute magnitudes to allow for the varying shape of the light curve and extinction of dust, they found that the data are still quite consistent with a constant expansion rate. On the other hand, direct observational evidence of the idea of dark energy is also lost in the observational error analysis of SNIa.
5. Anisotropy of the Observed Cosmic Microwave Background Temperature
The prevailing idea of indirect observational evidence for the accelerated cosmic expansion is to compare theoretical simulations of the accelerated cosmic expansion with the observational data of the WMAP satellite deviating from isotropy of the observed CMB temperature. Of course, a wealth of observational data of temperature deviations from the CMB isotropy have been obtained by the WMAP (2003-2008) and Planck satellites (2012 up to date).
The maximum observed temperature increment deviating isotropic from the CMB temperature is ( Δ T ) max = 3 .346 ± 0.0017 mK in the direction l = 2636.85 ± 0.1 , b = 48.25 ± 0.04 [16] (the direction of the Virgo cluster: l = 284 and b = 74 ). This departure, mainly caused by the Earth's motion with the velocity of β = 37 0 km / s / c = 0.0013 (i.e., the dipole anisotropy) is given as
Δ T / T = T T / T = β 2 / 6 β P 1 ( cos ( θ ) ) + 2 β 2 P 2 ( cos ( θ ) ) / 3 + (4)
where P n ( x ) is the Legendre polynomials, θ is the direction angle of the field point alone with the direction of the Earth's motion.
The book of Ref. [16], Weinberg described in detail the contributions to the anisotropy of the observed CMB. According to Ref. [16], we list the main contributions to the anisotropy of CMB as follows:
1) Departure from isotropy of the observed CMB, arising from the Earth's motion.
2) Anisotropy due to the scattering of photons by intergalactic electrons in clusters of galaxies. (The Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect via solution of the Kompaneets equation)
3) The primary anisotropy left over from the early universe. Afterwards, Weinberg analyzed and discussed four factors causing the primary anisotropy of the CMB. Taking out the influence of the Earth's motion, the residual anisotropy of the CMB temperature is about several 10−5 K.
The primary anisotropy in the CMB temperature arises from several sources. In the eletron-nucleon-photon plasma at the time of last scattering, the corresponding red-shift, z 1.090 , the first source is the intrinsic temperature fluctuations. The second source is the Doppler effect due to velocity fluctuations in the plasma at the last scattering. The third source is the gravitational red-shift or blue-shift due to fluctuations in the gravitational potential at the last scattering. This is known as the Sachs-Wolfe effect. The last source may be the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect due to time dependent fluctuations in the gravitational potential between the time of the last scattering and the present time.
The WMAP and Planck satellites had provided very rich observational data. These observational data were fitted theoretically by including all the given physical factories in some accelerated cosmic expansion models and using more than two thousands spherical harmonic functions (l > 2000). It seems to be very beautiful for supporting the accelerated cosmic expansion. However, it is still not complete, because an important physical factor that is anisotropic velocity space has not been taken into account to date. The anisotropy of velocity space has been shown in the velocity dispersion of galaxies for cluster of galaxies.
6. Query on Accelerating Expansion of the Universe (II)
6.1. The Standard Cosmology with an Expansion of the Universe
It is well known that the Robertson Walker metric in the standard cosmology was derived from the Einstein field equation of the general relativity based on the Mach principle with an assumption of homogeneity and isotropy everywhere. For the details, see the book of 'Gravitation and Cosmology', which was written by Ref. [17]. The Robertson Walker metric measures the scale of the expanding universe, and is given by
d s 2 = d t 2 + α 2 ( t ) ( d r 2 / ( 1 k r 2 ) + r 2 d θ 2 + r 2 sin 2 θ d φ 2 ) (5)
where the scaling factor α ( t ) . According to the Friedmann equation, the CMB temperature, T(t), decreases inversely with the expansion rate of the expanding


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I wonder what interesting and non-trivial examples of density Ramsey theorems with explicit asymptotics are there?
I'm aware of two examples: Szemerédi's theorem and density Hales-Jewett theorem.
Let me try to formalize what I mean by "density Ramsey theorems". I'm interested in statements of the following type: for every $k \in \mathbb{N}, \alpha > 0$ there exists $n_0 = n_0(k, \alpha)$ such that if we have a collection of $n \geq n_0$ objects, then whatever $\alpha n$ objects we take there are $k$ among them that form a "nice" structure. Collections and niceness are problem-specific of course: in case of Szemerédi's theorem they are $\lbrace 1, 2, \ldots, n\rbrace$ and arithmetic progressions, for Hales-Jewett — $[k]^d$ and combinatorial lines, respectively. I'm particularly interested in theorems where the dependence $n_0 = n_0(k, \alpha)$ can be made explicit.
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Since there no definitive answer, shouldn't this be community wiki? – Benoît Kloeckner Nov 19 '11 at 12:40
_USER_ sure, I just forgot about it – ilyaraz Nov 19 '11 at 14:09
3 Answers 3
Fix $\epsilon>0$. Every subset $A$ of $\{1,2,\dots,n\}$ with $|A|\geq \epsilon n$ contains a centrally symmetric subset $E$ (in other words, there is a $c$ with $E-c=c-E$) with $|E|> \alpha \epsilon^2 n$. The optimal value for $\alpha$ isn't known, but there are reasonably close upper and lower bounds. Greg Martin's paper, with some coauthor or other, isn't the state of the art, but it's the source that sticks in my mind.
Personally, I prefer the continuous statement: every subset of $[0,1]$ with measure $\epsilon$ contains a centrally symmetric subset with measure $0.6\epsilon^2$. And the the "$0.6$", while not best possible, cannot be replaced with "$0.9$".
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Kostas Tyros spoke in the Toronto set theory seminar just yesterday about a density version of the Halpern Lauchli Theorem. Actually he spoke about a finite version of the density theorem, and the density version is due to P. Dodos et. al. from 2010 I believe.
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A nice example is Sárközy's theorem on squares among differences.
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A shoehorn or shoe horn (sometimes called a Shoespooner or Shoe Tongue) is a tool that lets the user put on a shoe more easily. Additionally, expensive shoehorns were made from ivory, shells, silver, or bone in the 15th century.
Shoehorns appear to have originated in the late Middle Ages or Renaissance; in English a "Schoying Horne" is mentioned in the 15th century, though the French word chausse-pied is only found during the last half of the 16th century. Elizabeth I of England bought 18 shoehorns from her shoemaker Garrett Johnson between 1563 and 1566, then in 1567 ordered four more in steel from the blacksmiths Gilbert Polson and Richard Jeffrey yet needed no more until 1586. Presumably, these were used by many people in her household.
A group of more than 20 known English shoehorns are all signed and dated, to between 1593 and 1613, and made by Robert Mindum. All also are inscribed with the names of their owners; these include both men and women, including "Jane his wife" in 1612. There is also other engraved decoration on all, including heraldic medallions, geometric designs and flowers, covering most of the surfaces, in a style characteristic of later scrimshaw. Their shape is very similar to modern examples, and the longest is 11 inches long; five are turned back at the narrow end in a kind of hook. Several have holes pierced in them, presumably for a cord or leather thong used for pulling them out of the shoe or hanging them up. One owner "Hamlet Radesdale", 1593 is described as a citizen of London who is a cooper; none of the owners seem to be recorded otherwise. Joan Evans suggested, given the nature of the inscriptions, that Robert Mindum made them as a hobby and gave them to his friends. A powder horn similarly inscribed and decorated by him also survives. The British Museum also has a similar inscribed and decorated horn by another maker.


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PL/SQL White Lists Using the ACCESSIBLE BY Clause in Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1)
The ACCESSIBLE BY clause can be added to packages, procedures, functions and types to specify which objects are able to reference the PL/SQL object directly. This ability to create so called white lists is a new feature introduced in Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1) to allow you to add an extra layer of security to your PL/SQL objects.
Setup
The following examples will use the two database users defined below.
CONN sys/password@pdb1 AS SYSDBA
CREATE USER test1 IDENTIFIED BY test1;
GRANT CREATE SESSION, CREATE PROCEDURE, CREATE TABLE TO test1;
CREATE USER test2 IDENTIFIED BY test2;
GRANT CREATE SESSION, CREATE PROCEDURE TO test2;
Basic Usage
The procedure below includes an ACCESSIBLE BY clause, indicating it can only be called by an object called calling_proc.
CONN test1/test1@pdb1
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE protected_proc
 ACCESSIBLE BY (calling_proc)
AS
BEGIN
 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('TEST1 : protected_proc');
END;
/
Procedure created.
SQL>
Notice we have not created the calling_proc procedure yet, but no error is produced. This is because the objects referenced by the ACCESSIBLE BY clause are not checked at compile time. Only the syntax of the clause is checked.
We can create the calling_proc procedure and use it to call the protected_proc procedure.
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE calling_proc AS
BEGIN
 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('TEST1 : calling_proc');
 protected_proc;
END;
/
Procedure created.
SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
SQL> EXEC calling_proc;
TEST1 : calling_proc
TEST1 : protected_proc
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
If we attempt to call the protected_proc procedure directly, we get an error.
SQL> EXEC protected_proc;
BEGIN protected_proc; END;
 *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-06550: line 1, column 7:
PLS-00904: insufficient privilege to access object PROTECTED_PROC
ORA-06550: line 1, column 7:
PL/SQL: Statement ignored
SQL>
If we try to create a new object that references the protected_proc procedure and the new object is not in the white list, we get a compilation error.
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE another_calling_proc AS
BEGIN
 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('TEST1 : another_calling_proc');
 protected_proc;
END;
/
Warning: Procedure created with compilation errors.
SQL> SHOW ERRORS
Errors for PROCEDURE ANOTHER_CALLING_PROC:
LINE/COL ERROR
-------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
4/3 PL/SQL: Statement ignored
4/3 PLS-00904: insufficient privilege to access object PROTECTED_PROC
SQL>
Cross-Schema Usage
If no schema is explicitly mentioned in the white list, it is assumed the object listed is in the same schema as the object with the ACCESSIBLE BY clause. For example, if we switch to another user and create a procedure called calling_proc that accesses test1.protected_proc, it will not work.
CONN test1/test1@pdb1
GRANT EXECUTE ON protected_proc TO test2;
Grant succeeded.
SQL>
CONN test2/test2@pdb1
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE calling_proc AS
BEGIN
 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('TEST2 : calling_proc');
 test1.protected_proc;
END;
/
Warning: Procedure created with compilation errors.
SQL> SHOW ERRORS
Errors for PROCEDURE CALLING_PROC:
LINE/COL ERROR
-------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
4/3 PL/SQL: Statement ignored
4/3 PLS-00904: insufficient privilege to access object PROTECTED_PROC
SQL>
For this to be successful, we must add the reference into the white list using the fully qualified object name. The example below includes an object reference without a schema prefix, signifying current schema (TEST1) and one with an explicit schema reference.
CONN test1/test1@pdb1
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE protected_proc
 ACCESSIBLE BY (calling_proc, test2.calling_proc)
AS
BEGIN
 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('TEST1 : protected_proc');
END;
/
Procedure created.
SQL>
Now, we can reference and execute the protected_proc procedure from the other user.
CONN test2/test2@pdb1
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE calling_proc AS
BEGIN
 DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('TEST2 : calling_proc');
 test1.protected_proc;
END;
/
Procedure created.
SQL>
SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
SQL> EXEC calling_proc;
TEST2 : calling_proc
TEST1 : protected_proc
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
Unit Type
The examples so far have not specified the unit type (object type) when defining the white list references, which means any compatible object type with the correct name in the correct schema will pass the white list test. If we want to make the test more stringent, we can specify not just the name, but the unit type also. Some examples are shown below.
ACCESSIBLE BY (PACKAGE calling_pkg)
ACCESSIBLE BY (PROCEDURE calling_proc)
ACCESSIBLE BY (FUNCTION calling_func)
ACCESSIBLE BY (TYPE calling_type)
ACCESSIBLE BY (TRIGGER calling_trg)
There seem to be some discrepancies about which unit types can access PL/SQL objects that use the ACCESSIBLE BY clause. The New Features Guide suggests tables, indexes and views can also be referenced in the white list, but the unit types TABLE, INDEX and VIEW are not allowed. The following example shows that function-based indexes and views do not work against a function using the ACCESSIBLE BY clause.
CONN test1/test1@pdb1
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION protected_func (id IN NUMBER)
 RETURN NUMBER
 ACCESSIBLE BY (t1_fbi, t1_vw)
AS
BEGIN
 RETURN id;
END;
/
CREATE TABLE t1 (
 id NUMBER
);
SQL> CREATE INDEX t1_fbi ON t1(protected_func(id));
CREATE INDEX t1_fbi ON t1(protected_func(id))
 *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-06552: PL/SQL: Statement ignored
ORA-06553: PLS-904: insufficient privilege to access object PROTECTED_FUNC
SQL>
-- Views are created normally, but fail when run.
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW t1_vw AS
SELECT protected_func(id) AS id_vw
FROM t1;
View created.
SQL> SELECT * FROM t1_vw;
SELECT * FROM t1_vw
 *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-06552: PL/SQL: Statement ignored
ORA-06553: PLS-904: insufficient privilege to access object PROTECTED_FUNC
SQL>
Package White Lists
In Oracle 12.1 the ACCESSIBLE BY clause is only valid at the top-level of the package specification. It can not be applied to individual packaged procedures, functions or types within the package. The following example shows a white list applied to a package specification.
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE protected_pkg
 ACCESSIBLE BY (PROCEDURE calling_proc)
AS
 PROCEDURE protected_proc;
END;
/
Package created.
SQL>
Trying to apply the white list to the packaged procedure, rather than the top-level package, results in an error.
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE protected_pkg
AS
 PROCEDURE protected_proc
 ACCESSIBLE BY (PROCEDURE calling_proc);
END;
/
Warning: Package created with compilation errors.
SQL> SHOW ERRORS
Errors for PACKAGE PROTECTED_PKG:
LINE/COL ERROR
-------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
0/0 PLS-00157: Only schema-level programs allow ACCESSIBLE BY
SQL>
The ACCESSIBLE CLAUSE is not valid in the package body. It can only be defined in the package specification.
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE protected_pkg
 ACCESSIBLE BY (PROCEDURE calling_proc)
AS
 PROCEDURE protected_proc;
END;
/


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Amatoya Moytoy of Chota (pronounced mah-tie) was a Cherokee town chief of the early eighteenth century in the area of present-day Tennessee. He held a prominent position among the Cherokee, and held the hereditary title Ama Matai (From the French matai and Cherokee ama--water), which meant "Water Conjurer."
His father was a European, Thomas Pasmere Carpenter, who was descended from the noble Anglo-Norman family of Vicomte Guillaume de Melun le Carpentier. Thus, Moytoy's European lineage can be traced to the Frankish Duke Ansegisel of Metz Meroving, Peppin II, and Charles Martel. This ancestry also makes the Cherokee Moytoys cousins to the Carpenter Earl of Tyrconnell, and thus related to the current British royal family.
The Carpenter family of Devonshire & Plymouth England were small sailing ship owners, many of which were leased out to the East India Trading Company, an affiliation dating to the formation of that company December 31, 1600. Documented ownership of fifteen different ships owned by the Carpenter family, those of which were involved with moving furs between the Gulf Ports & Glasgow, or Dublin, and trade goods for North America. These ships usually made stops both directions at Barbados where the family had banking connections set up. These ships were small and fast, often able to make the crossing from Scotland and Ireland in less than thirty days. They were shallow draft ships, capable of handling shallow water ports with ease. The first documented trip made by Thomas Pasmere Carpenter occurred April 1640, sailing from Maryland to Barbados aboard the Hopewell, and returning on the Crispian in September 1640. He made another trip in March 1659 departing Charleston South Carolina aboard the Barbados Merchant, returning on the Concord in August 1659.
Twenty year old Thomas Pasmere Carpenter came to Jamestown, Virginia from England in 1627, living in a cave near the Shawnee. Thomas was called "Cornplanter" by the Shawnee, derived from their sign language that matched as near as possible to the work of a carpenter. He married a Shawnee woman named "Pride" and bore a son around 1635 named Trader Carpenter.
Amatoya was taught by his father to "witch" for water with a willow stick. He had become so adept at water witching that the Cherokee called him "water conjurer" or Ama Matai (Ama is Cherokee for water). Ama Matai eventually became pronounced as Amatoya. It was later shortened to "Moytoy", so he is known as Moytoy I. He ruled the town of Chota sometime between the beginning of the eighteenth century and 1730.
In 1680, Amatoya married Quatsie of Tellico. Many of their descendants went on to become prominent leaders, founding a family that effectively ruled the Cherokee for a century.
Notable members include:
Moytoy I, Chief of Chota; born around 1640 and probably died in 1730; was leading chief at the time of his death
Moytoy II, Emperor of the Cherokees and Chief of Great Tellico; son of Moytoy I; born around 1687; leading chief from 1730 to 1760
Moytoy IV, Raven of Chota
Kanagatucko, Old Hop; leading chief from _PHONE_.
Attacullaculla, Prince of Chota-Tanasi; born around 1708, died around 1777; leading chief from 1761 to around 1775
Oconostota, Warrior of Chota and Beloved Man of the Cherokee; born ca. 1710 and died in 1783; was war chief of the Cherokee Nation from 1775 to 1780
Nancy Ward, Beloved Woman of the Cherokee and granddaughter of Moytoy I
Major Ridge, grandson of Oconostota and of Attacullaculla
General Stand Watie, great-grandson of Oconostota and of Attacullaculla


17902
Using reconfigurable computing technology to accelerate matrix decomposition and applications
Xinying Wang
Iowa State University
Iowa State University, 2016
@article{wang2016using,
 title={Using reconfigurable computing technology to accelerate matrix decomposition and applications},
 author={Wang, Xinying},
 year={2016}
}
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Matrix decomposition plays an increasingly significant role in many scientific and engineering applications. Among numerous techniques, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and Eigenvalue Decomposition (EVD) are widely used as factorization tools to perform Principal Component Analysis for dimensionality reduction and pattern recognition in image processing, text mining and wireless communications, while QR Decomposition (QRD) and sparse LU Decomposition (LUD) are employed to solve the dense or sparse linear system of equations in bioinformatics, power system and computer vision. Matrix decompositions are computationally expensive and their sequential implementations often fail to meet the requirements of many time-sensitive applications. The emergence of reconfigurable computing has provided a flexible and low-cost opportunity to pursue high-performance parallel designs, and the use of FPGAs has shown promise in accelerating this class of computation. In this research, we have proposed and implemented several highly parallel FPGA-based architectures to accelerate matrix decompositions and their applications in data mining and signal processing. Specifically, in this dissertation we describe the following contributions: We propose an efficient FPGA-based double-precision floating-point architecture for EVD, which can efficiently analyze large-scale matrices. We implement a floating-point Hestenes-Jacobi architecture for SVD, which is capable of analyzing arbitrary sized matrices. We introduce a novel deeply pipelined reconfigurable architecture for QRD, which can be dynamically configured to perform either Householder transformation or Givens rotation in a manner that takes advantage of the strengths of each. We design a configurable architecture for sparse LUD that supports both symmetric and asymmetric sparse matrices with arbitrary sparsity patterns. By further extending the proposed hardware solution for SVD, we parallelize a popular text mining tool-Latent Semantic Indexing with an FPGA-based architecture. We present a configurable architecture to accelerate Homotopy l1-minimization, in which the modification of the proposed FPGA architecture for sparse LUD is used at its core to parallelize both Cholesky decomposition and rank-1 update. Our experimental results using an FPGA-based acceleration system indicate the efficiency of our proposed novel architectures, with application and dimension-dependent speedups over an optimized software implementation that range from 1.5x to 43.6x in terms of computation time.
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|Chester County, Pennsylvania|
Location in the state of Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania's location in the U.S.
|Largest city||West Chester|
760 sq mi (1,968 km²)
756 sq mi (1,958 km²)
4 sq mi (10 km²), 0.51%
660/sq mi (254.7/km²)
Chester County is a county located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 498,886, with an estimated population of 500,182 in 2011. The county seat is West Chester. It is the highest-income county in Pennsylvania and 24th highest in the nation as measured by median household income (as of 2010). Eastern Chester County is home to many communities that comprise the Main Line western suburbs of Philadelphia, while part of its southernmost portion is considered suburban Wilmington, Delaware, along with southwest Delaware County.
Chester County was one of the three original Pennsylvania counties created by William Penn in 1682. It was named for Chester, England. It is part of the Delaware Valley region and is the only county in Philadelphia's Pennsylvania suburbs that does not border Philadelphia.
Philadelphia, Bucks, and Chester were the three Pennsylvania counties initially created by William Penn on August 24, 1682. At that time, Chester County's borders were Philadelphia County to the north, the ill-defined western edge of the colony (approximately the Susquehanna River) to the west, the Delaware River to the east, and Delaware and Maryland to the south. Chester County replaced the Pennsylvania portion of New Netherland/New York's Upland, which was officially eliminated when Pennsylvania was chartered on March 4, 1681, but did not cease to exist until June of that year. Much of the Welsh Tract was in eastern Chester County, and Welsh place names, given by early settlers, continue to predominate there.
The fourth county in the state, Lancaster County, was formed from Chester County on May 10, 1729. On March 11, 1752, Berks County was formed from the northern section of Chester County, as well as parts of Lancaster and Philadelphia counties.
The original Chester County seat was the city of Chester, a center of naval shipbuilding, at the eastern edge of the county. In an effort to accommodate the increased population of the western part of the county, the county seat was moved to a more central location in 1788; in order to mollify the eastern portion of the county, the village, known as Turk's Head, was renamed West Chester. Apparently, this did not work: the eastern portion of the county separated from Chester County on September 26, 1789, becoming Delaware County. West Chester remained the seat of the reduced Chester County, and still is.
Much of the history of Chester County arises from its location between Philadelphia and the Susquehanna River. The first road to "the West" (meaning Lancaster County) passed through the central part of Chester County; with some re-alignments, it became the Lincoln Highway and later U.S. Route 30. This road is still named Lancaster Avenue in most of the Chester county towns it runs through. The first railroad (which became the Pennsylvania Railroad) followed much the same route, and the Reading Railroad progressed up the Schuylkill River to Reading. Industry tended to concentrate along the rail lines. Easy transportation allowed workers to commute to urban jobs, and the rise of the suburbs followed. To this day, the developed areas form "fingers" extending along major lines of transportation.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 762 square miles (1,973.6 km2), of which 758 square miles (1,963.2 km2) is land and 4 square miles (10.4 km2) (0.51%) is water. The topography consists of rolling hills and valleys and it is part of the region known as the Piedmont.
Watersheds that serve Chester County include the Octoraro, the Brandywine, and Chester creeks, and the Schuylkill River. Many of the soils are fertile, rich loam as much as twenty-four inches thick; together with the temperate climate, this was long a major agricultural area. Because of its proximity to Philadelphia, Chester County has had large "waves" of development due to suburbanization. Although development in Chester County has increased, agriculture is still a major part of the county's economy. The number of horse farms is increasing in the county. Mushroom growing is a specialty in the southern portion of the county.
- Berks County (north)
- Montgomery County (northeast)
- Delaware County (east)
- New Castle County, Delaware (southeast)
- Cecil County, Maryland (south)
- Lancaster County (west)
||Berks County||Montgomery County|
|Lancaster County||Delaware County|
|Cecil County, Maryland||New Castle County, Delaware|
National protected area
Major roads and highways
As of the 2010 census, the county was 82.1% White Non-Hispanic, 6.1% Black or African American, 0.2% Native American or Alaskan Native, 3.9% Asian, 0.0% Native Hawaiian, 1.8% were two or more races, and 2.4% were some other race. 6.5% of the population were Hispanic or Latino.
As of the census of 2000, there were 433,501 people, 157,905 households, and 113,375 families residing in the county. The population density was 573 people per square mile (221/km²). There were 163,773 housing units at an average density of 217 per square mile (84/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 89.21% White, 6.24% Black or African American, 0.15% Native American, 1.95% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.35% from other races, and 1.06% from two or more races. 3.72% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 18.0% were of Irish, 17.3% German, 13.1% Italian, 10.1% English and 5.6% American ancestry according to Census 2000. 91.4% spoke English and 3.7% Spanish as their first language.
There were 157,905 households out of which 35.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.50% were married couples living together, 8.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.20% were non-families. 22.60% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.15.
In the county, the population was spread out with 26.20% under the age of 18, 7.90% from 18 to 24, 30.40% from 25 to 44, 23.80% from 45 to 64, and 11.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 96.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.10 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $65,295, and the median income for a family was $76,916 (these figures had risen to $80,818 and $97,894 respectively as of a 2007 estimate). Males had a median income of $51,223 versus $34,854 for females. The per capita income for the county was $31,627. About 3.10% of families and 5.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.10% of those under age 18 and 5.50% of those age 65 or over.
The region was originally occupied by the Lenni Lenape people who greeted European settlers in the seventeenth century with amity and kindness. British settlers were mostly English, Scotch-Irish and Welsh in ethnicity. As time passed, the region has had large influxes of Germans, Africans, Eastern Europeans, Italians, Puerto Ricans, and, more recently, Mexicans.
Chester County is the fastest growing county in the Delaware Valley and one of the fastest growing in the entire Northeastern section of the United States.
As of November 2011, there are 337,793 registered voters in Chester County.
- Republican: 150,692 (44.61%)
- Democratic: 128,308 (37.98%)
- Independent: 24,260 (7.18%)
- Other Political parties: 34,533 (10.22%)
Chester County has been, and remains, very reliably Republican at the county level. In recent federal elections, however, it has been trending Democratic. In 2000 Al Gore lost it by almost 10 percent but in 2004 George W. Bush defeated John Kerry by a much smaller margin of only 4.5 percent. Bob Casey Jr. carried it by 10% when he unseated incumbent Republican US Senator Rick Santorum in 2006. In 2008, Chester County sided with


In a continued effort to help the hospitality industry ensure appropriate maintenance of ADA pool lifts, S.R.Smith is providing pool lift maintenance and cleaning resources. These tools are designed to educate pool operation managers on the steps necessary to keep their pool lifts in working order. Maintenance of accessible features, including pool lifts, is a requirement of the ADA, which states: "A public accommodation shall maintain in operable working condition those features of facilities and equipment that are required to be readily accessible to and usable by persons with disabilities."
Routine maintenance is especially important for indoor pool environments where chemicals and humidity can cause corrosion on exposed metal parts. The pool lift maintenance resources, which include video and documentation, can be accessed at


text:
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The Gloucester and Sharpness Canal or Gloucester and Berkeley Canal is a canal in the south west of England, between Gloucester and Sharpness; for much of its length it runs close to the tidal River Severn, but cuts off a significant loop in the river, at a once-dangerous bend near Arlingham.
It was once the broadest and deepest canal in the world. Conceived in the 'canal mania' period of the late 18th century, the 'Gloucester and Berkeley Ship Canal' scheme (as it was originally named) was started by architect and civil engineer Robert Mylne. In 1793 an act of parliament was obtained authorising the raising of a total of £200,000.
The project rapidly encountered financial difficulties - to such an extent that Mylne left the project in 1798. By half way through 1799 costs had reached £112,000 but only 5½ miles of the canal had been completed.
Robert Mylne's role was taken over by James Dadford who had originally been engaged as resident engineer on the project in 1795. Lack of funds resulted in the company ceasing to employ Dadford in 1800.
Between 1800 and 1810 various attempts were made to raise money to allow further building but they came to nothing. Moneys from tolls and rents allowed for some improvements to be made to the basin at Gloucester in 1813.
From 1817 onwards the Poor Employment Act meant it was possible for the company to loan money from the Exchequer Bill Loan Commission. This along with further share issues provided enough money to bring the scheme to completion.
After these significant delays, the canal opened in April 1827.
In the course of its construction the canal had cost £440,000
As opened the canal was 86½ feet wide 18 feet deep and could take craft of up to 600 tons. The longer of the two locks onto the canal proper was 115 feet long.
By the middle of the 19th century it proved possible to pay a small dividend; the dept to the Exchequer Bill Loan Commission having being repayed with the help of a loan of £60,000 from the Pelican Life Assurance Company. In 1871 the last of the debts incurred in the course of funding the canal includeing the Pelican Life Assurance Company loan were paid off.
In 1905 traffic exceeded 1 million tons for the first time.
The canal was nationalized in 1948. At the same time the Sharpness Dock Police which had policed the dock since 1874 were absorbed into the British transport police.
In 1955 the board of survey of canals and inland waterways released a report that among other things described the Gloucester and Sharpness Canal as carrying substantial traffic and offering scope for commercial development.
In 1909, following a collapse in the bank of the river, the Canal Companies chief engineer Mr A. J. Cullis called for old vessels to be run aground along the bank of the Severn, near Purton, to create a makeshift tidal erosion barrier to reinforce the narrow strip of land between the river and canal. Barges, trows and schooners were "hulked" at high tide, and have since filled with silt. More boats have been added, including the schooner "Katherine Ellen" which was impounded in 1921 for running guns to the IRA, the Kennet Canal barge "Harriett", and Ferrous Concrete Barges built in World War II.
In 2010 British Waterways took control of the site in an attempt to protect it.
Today the canal can be used by boats up to 64m in length, 9.6m in beam and 32m in height. The maximum draft is 3.5 m.
By the mid 1980s commercial traffic had largely come to a halt with the canal being given over to pleasure cruisers with the exception of a few passages by grain barges. The oil trade ceased in 1985 with the closure of the petroleum deport at Quedgeley.
In order to allow the A40 south-west bypass to be built the canal had to be diverted. The new section of channel was opened on 6 May 2006.
In January 2009 a project began to replace the Patch Bridge swing bridge with a motor powered design instead of the current hand cranked system. The canal links directly to the Stroudwater Navigation at Saul junction.


Blackhole connector
The Blackhole connector can be used a sink where you can write any type of data into. The Blackhole connector works out of the box, no mandatory field is required to use the connector. The Blackhole connector is useful when you want to experiment and try out SQL Stream Builder or to test your SQL queries using random data.
Template: blackhole
You do not need to provide any type of information when using the Blackhole connector and template.
Type: sink
Using the Blackhole connector
You can access and import the templates of the Blackhole connector from Streaming SQL Console:
 1. Navigate to the Streaming SQL Console.
 1. Go to your cluster in Cloudera Manager.
 2. Click on SQL Stream Builder from the list of Services.
 3. Click on the SQLStreamBuilder Console.
 The Streaming SQL Console opens in a new window.
 2. Click Create Job or select a previous job on the Getting Started page.
 3. Click Templates at the SQL Editor.
 4. Select the Blackhole template.
 The template is imported to the SQL window.
 5. Click Execute.


Checking if an Attribute Exists (essentially an "AttributeExists" Function)
Have you ever looked for a TM1 function that checks if an attribute exists, something like say "AttributeExists" or "AttrExists". Well there isn't one. But, don't dispair, here is a quick method you can use to do exactly that in a Turbo Integrator process.
I am writing a TI to build and then subsequently update a dimension. Right up front I am defining a bunch of variables, like the dimension name. Then I am using the DimensionExists function to check of the dimension actually exists, and if not, creating it using DimensionCreate. Finally I want to check if there is an attribute on that dimension and if not, create it.
Attribute Exists Code Example
Then I have a little bit of code that checks to see if an attribute exists and if not, then it is added. The code is:
## Check if Attributes Exist and if not, add them
vDimName = 'Product'
vAttribute1 = 'Name';
IF ( DIMIX ('}Element_Attributes_' | vDimName, vAttribute1 ) = 0);
 ATTRINSERT ( pDimName,'', vAttribute1 ,'s');
ENDIF;
What this is doing is defining the dimension and attribute. Then it uses a DIMIX to check if the attribute exists in the Control Object for the Element Attributes for the Dimension. Then if it the answer is no (a Zero), then it inserts the attribute into the dimension using ATTRINSERT. Note the type of attrubute is defined as String, Alias or Numeric (S, A or N).
So this is a really easy way of checking if an attribute exists and then adding it to a dimension without being able to use the non-existent AttributeExists function!
If you like this post, please spread the love…
About John
Managing Director of Infocube. We are a management accounting consultancy that specialises in Business Analytics.
This entry was posted in TI Coding, TI Functions and tagged AttributeExists, AttrInsert, DimensionCreate, DimensionExists, dimix. Bookmark the permalink.


Useful Tips
Dutch Oven Cooking
1. Fewer hot coals on the bottom, and more hot coals on top.
2. In all methods the coals need arranged toward the outer perimeter of both the bottom, as well as the lid to avoid burning. Rotating the Dutch Oven and lid at various times during the cooking process, also helps avoid hot spots and burning food.
3. +3 UP -3 DOWN Method
Once you use it a few times, and get it in your head, you won't have to carry any type of chart. In general this method produces 350° in any diameter size Dutch Oven. Knowing the Diameter of your pot; for example, if you have a normal depth 10 inch Dutch Oven, you simply add 3 to the diameter for the top (10+3=13 coals). You then subtract 3 from the diameter for the bottom (10-3=7 coals).
Rule of thumb for additional heat is; each additional coal added to the top only, will increase the internal temperature an additional 20 degrees.
Getting Latitude / Longitude from Google Maps
 1. To begin search for your desired location as you normally would.
 2. Next, right click the red "A" pin displayed on the map. Select What's here?
Conversely, if you have a lat, long combination you can plug that into Google Maps to show a location: 43.27069053158456, -75.28080940246582


Inverse association between altitude and obesity: A prevalence study among andean and low-altitude adult individuals of Peru
Orison O. Woolcott, Cesar Gutierrez, Oscar A. Castillo, Robert M. Elashoff, Darko Stefanovski, Richard N. Bergman
Research output: Contribution to journalArticle
25 Scopus citations
Abstract
© 2016 The Obesity Society. Objective To determine the association between altitude and obesity in a nationally representative sample of the Peruvian adult population. Methods This is a cross-sectional analysis of publicly available data from the Food and Nutrition National Center (CENAN, Peru), period 2009-2010. The Prevalence ratio of obesity and abdominal obesity was determined as a measure of association. Obesity and abdominal obesity were diagnosed based on direct anthropometric measurements. Results The final data set consisted of 31,549 individuals ≥20 years old. The prevalence ratio of obesity was as follows: 1.00 between 0 and 499 m (reference category), 1.00 (95% confidence interval 0.87-1.16) between 500-1,499 m, 0.74 (0.63-0.86) between 1,500-2,999 m, and 0.54 (0.45-0.64) at ≥3,000 m, adjusting for age, sex, self-reported physical activity, out-migration rate, urbanization, poverty, education, and geographical latitude and longitude. In the same order, the adjusted prevalence ratio of abdominal obesity was 1.00, 1.01 (0.94-1.07), 0.93 (0.87-0.99), and 0.89 (0.82-0.95), respectively. We found an interaction between altitude and sex and between altitude and age (P < 0.001, for both interactions) on the association with obesity and abdominal obesity. Conclusions Among Peruvian adult individuals, we found an inverse association between altitude and obesity, adjusting for multiple covariates. This adjusted association varied by sex and age.
Original languageAmerican English
Pages (from-to)929-937
Number of pages9
JournalObesity
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Apr 2016
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Inverse association between altitude and obesity: A prevalence study among andean and low-altitude adult individuals of Peru'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
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Alternate History
Matilda Adela of England (Blooming Roses)
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Matilda Adela of England
House House of Tudor
Father Edward VI
Mother Isabella of Cleves
Born 17 November 1576
Hampton Court Palace, England
Died 21 November 1583 (aged 7)
Richmond Palace, England
Burial Henry VII's Lady Chapel, Westminster Abbey
Religion Anglican
Matilda Adela (17 November 1576 - 21 November 1583) was a daughter of Edward VI and Isabella of Cleves. She had a twin sister, Victoria Adeliza, that died in infancy. She was engaged to the Prince of Asturias, Diego from 1578 until his death. She died exactly a year after her betrothed.
Early Life
Matilda Adela was born prematurely at Hampton Court Palace on 17 November 1576 as the elder twin sister of Victoria Adeliza. She was the ninth daughter of Isabella of Cleves and Edward VI of England. She was the stronger daughter and was named immediately, while her mother waited a week to name her sister who was said to not have much chance of survival. She was christened on 20 November and was put in the care of Mary Boleyn. She had a close relationship with her sister Suzanne and brothers Henry and James.
The Spanish Armada of 1573 ended in the Treaty of Dover, which stipulated that the Prince of Asturias would marry a Princess of England. At the time of Matilda Adela's birth, Prince Ferdinand was the heir apparent and was betrothed to her elder sister Cecily. In 1578, Ferdinand died and the second son, Diego Felix, became Prince of Asturias. Diego was closer in age to Matilda and Victoria so they were both put forward as possible wives. Matilda was chosen as she was the elder and in better health than Victoria, who died shortly after the treaty was concluded. It was decided on her ninth birthday Matilda would go to Spain to complete her education. However, Diego died in 1582, leaving Matilda unattached once more as Suzanne was betrothed to the new heir, Philip. Her mother began considering a German match for her.
Matilda, though stronger than her twin sister, was still of a weak constitution. Isabella was aware of this and constructed a special diet for her daughter and demanded that her residence be kept cleaner than she had demanded with her other children. Matilda was also kept near Cornwall on the Isle of Scilly, one of the warmer regions of England. She began to grow stronger and in 1583 Isabella believed it was safe to recall her daughter to Eltham Palace where the other royal children resided. She soon contracted Quartan fever and was sent to Hatfield House to protect her siblings. In October, she seemed to be recovering but relapsed in October and died exactly one year after her betrothed.
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Phthalates Action Plan Summary
- What chemicals are addressed in the Action Plan?
- Why is EPA concerned about these chemicals?
- What action is EPA taking?
What chemicals are addressed in the Action Plan?
Eight chemicals are included: dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), di-n-pentyl phthalate (DnPP), di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP), and diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP). Phthalates are high production volume chemicals used primarily as plasticizers in polyvinylchloride (PVC) products.
Why is EPA concerned about these chemicals?
EPA is concerned about phthalates because of their toxicity and the evidence of pervasive human and environmental exposure to these chemicals.
Phthalates are used in many industrial and consumer products, many of which pose potentially high exposure. Phthalates have been detected in food and also measured in humans.
Adverse effects on the development of the reproductive system in male laboratory animals are the most sensitive health outcomes from phthalate exposure. Several studies have shown associations between phthalate exposures and human health, although no causal link has been established. Recent scientific attention has focused on whether the cumulative effect of several phthalates may multiply the reproductive effects in the organism exposed.
What action is EPA taking?
On the basis of existing information, EPA included the the following actions in its Action Plan:
- EPA intends to initiate rulemaking in autumn 2010 to add these eight phthalates to the Concern List under TSCA section 5(b)(4) as chemicals that present or may present an unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment.
- EPA also intends to initiate rulemaking in late 2010 to add the six phthalates not already on the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI).
- In preparation for rulemaking in 2012 under TSCA section 6(a), EPA intends to cooperate with the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to more fully assess the use, exposure and substitutes for these chemicals. EPA plans to consider the results of the cumulative assessment currently being developed and due to be completed by CPSC in 2012 pursuant to the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (CPSIA), as well as the ongoing review of phthalates at FDA and the assessment for EPA's IRIS program, due to be completed in 2011. These assessments will inform EPA's decision on future action to address these chemicals. EPA's potential control measures may include a ban of all or several of these chemicals, as appropriate.
- EPA may consider pursuing additional rulemaking under TSCA section 5(a)(2) in late 2010 or early 2011 to require manufacturers and processors of DnPP to notify EPA before manufacturing or processing DnPP for a significant new use. The most recent Inventory Update Reporting (IUR) data contains no reports of this phthalate being produced or imported into the United States, and thus it is possible that any use of DnPP may be a significant new use.
- EPA intends to conduct a Design for the Environment and Green Chemistry alternatives assessment by 2012. The information developed could be used to encourage industry to move away from phthalates in a non-regulatory setting to expand risk management efforts beyond whatever regulatory action might be taken under TSCA, or it could be used as input to a regulatory action. The alternatives assessment would build upon existing knowledge and would consider exposures to all human subpopulations, including children, as well as environmental exposure.
- August 2011: EPA began the DfE alternatives assessment.
Download the complete Phthalates Action Plan (PDF), 16 pages, 80 KB, About PDF


Australian Catholic Superannuation's Reconciliation Action Plan
Today, we interview Leah Bennett, our Indigenous Liaison Officer about reconciliation with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and what Australian Catholic Superannuation is doing to help in this area.
What is reconciliation?
"Reconciliation is about acknowledging the past and traditional custodians of the land, understanding the disadvantages they face on a daily basis, and finding ways to improve that situation."
Why pursue reconciliation?
"We're doing this because we believe it's important to participate in the greater reconciliation journey to improve the lives of all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people of this nation. It's not up to just one organisation; we all need to own a part of it."
Why is Australian Catholic Super involved in reconciliation?
"The core mission of Australian Catholic Super is to help enable our members to live their best possible retirement, but importantly being a Catholic organisation we do this in a way which is consistent with Catholic Social Teachings.
As we have many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander members and one of the core components of Catholic Social Teaching is upholding the dignity of the human person it is only natural that we would focus on reconciliation for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders.
I believe that compassion, understanding and trust will enable more meaningful conversations, and drive better outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander members (and non-members) around Australia."
What is a Reconciliation Action Plan?
"A Reconciliation Action Plan (RAP) is a plan to help achieve our vision for reconciliation. The vision is to enable Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to better understand their finances, and empower them to have a financial plan, both today and for their future."
How does it work within Australian Catholic Super?
"We've put together a team of people from across the business to address these issues. We've intentionally found people who work in many different areas of our business, like our administration team and call centre, who have experience providing services to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander members. It was important for us to have the process be organic to foster growth and change, and we've had fantastic support from all levels of our organisation."
What are the next steps?
"Some organisations focus on specific goals or targets for employment or getting involved in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Because we're a financial services organisation with many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander members, we want to improve how we serve that community and focus on expanding financial literacy. We have set some goals. They don't all have to change the world. Some can be small, like starting meetings with an Acknowledgement of Country to pay respect to the Traditional Owners and custodians of the land."
We encourage members with any comments or ideas to get in touch with the fund.


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World Teachers' Day, WTD
World Teachers' Day, WTD (October 5th)
Over 100 countries express their teacher appreciation by observing World Teachers' Day (WTD). The efforts of many parents and teachers' organizations have contributed to this widespread recognition. Every year, public awareness campaigns are launched to highlight the contributions of the teaching profession. On 5 October, teachers'
organizations worldwide mobilise to ensure that the needs of future generations are taken into consideration in this increasingly complex, multicultural and technological world.
UNESCO inaugurated the 5th of October as World Teachers' Day in 1994 to commemorate the signing of the UNESCO/ILO Recommendation concerning the Status of Teachers on the 5th of October, 1966. World Teachers' Day also highlights the Recommendation Concerning the Status of Higher Education Teaching Personnel adopted in 1997.
According to UNESCO, World Teachers' Day represents a significant token of the awareness, understanding and teacher appreciation
displayed for the vital contribution that these professionals make to education and development. Teachers' Day should be internationally recognized, and teacher appreciation should be celebrated around the world. The principles of the 1966 and 1997 Recommendations should be considered for implementation in all nations.
World Teachers' Day provides the opportunity to draw public attention to the role of teachers worldwide as well as to the crucial importance of the role they play in society. On the 5th of October, 1966, the world's teachers made a giant step forward. A Special Intergovernmental Conference adopted the UNESCO/ILO Recommendation concerning the Status of Teachers, which, for the first time ever, gave teachers throughout the world an instrument that defines their responsibilities and asserts their rights. In adopting this Recommendation, governments unanimously recognized the importance for every society of having competent, qualified and motivated teachers. The international community thus recognizes that showing teacher appreciation is a positive and necessary yearly action.
How different countries celebrate teacher appreciation
A sad teacher appreciation story: Sakina Daudi
United Nations' agencies teacher appreciation message on WTD
Back to Home: Teacher Appreciation


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In a longtable, how do I retrieve the width of the longest line for each column?
I'd like to use the longtable environment in combination with the ltablex package. The latter allows for weighting the columns, such that column 2 is twice as large as column 1, for instance.
I have many tables to format, and due to their data source it's not possible to give the tables any hint on column widths. As often there is a lot of text in one or two columns, but little text in the others, it doesn't make sense to just use X columns. Therefore, I'd like to dynamically adjust the proportions of the table.
My idea is to find the width of the longest line of each column. Using these width it should then be possible to calculate the proportions correctly (while granting each column a mininum width).
Thanks for your help!
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That is essentially a description of tabulary as opposed to tabularx so you can look in the source of that package for how to do it, but in particular there is a merge of tabulary and longtable here:
Multi-page with Tabulary?
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wow, didn't know about tabulary. Thanks for the link! – Kevin Sep 5 '13 at 11:49
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How To Breed A Bay Roan Horse?
How do you breed a bay roan?
The roan gene must be inherited from at least one parent known to carry the roan gene, and the black points must be inherited from at least one parent that is black or has black points. Bay roans have a uniform mixture of white and red hairs on a large portion of the body and a darker head.
What is the difference between a bay and a roan?
Bays often have a reddish sheen, and when affected by the roan gene, the horse looks similar to a red roan. However, a bay roan will have black points, whereas a red roan will have dark red points.
How do you make a horse roan?
What do you breed to get a blue roan horse?
Blue Roan Horse Breeds These include many European draft breeds such as the Brabant, Italian Heavy Draft, Rhenish-German Cold-Blood, etc. Blue Roan horses are also quite common in North American breeds such as Paint horses, Paso Finos, the Quarter Horse, Standardbred, Mustang, and Tennessee Walking horse.
You might be interested: Quick Answer: Lynel Doesn't Attack When Im On The Big Horse?
What is the rarest horse color?
Can you breed a roan to a roan?
I have heard, but this might be an old wives tale, that you shouldn't breed roan to roan or the offspring can die, its a fatal combination or something. This is very true. If you put two roans together that contain the O gene you have a high possibilty that the foal will die shortly after birth.
What does a bay roan look like at birth?
Bay foals exhibit slightly reddish coats with black-tipped ears, light coloring on their lower legs, and small black patches on the rear of their heels. They are born with dark skin and are frequently mistaken for a chestnut.
Do blue roan horses turn white?
Note that the head/face is darker than the body. This horse will not turn white, and will always retain black legs, mane, tail, and head.
How rare are blue roan horses?
Are blue roan horses rare? Blue roans are likely the rarest roan color. But no, they aren't rare, but they are definitely not as common as many other equine colors.
What does a roan horse look like?
Roan is a horse coat color pattern characterized by an even mixture of colored and white hairs on the body, while the head and "points"—lower legs, mane and tail—are mostly solid-colored. The silvering effect of mixed white and colored hairs can create coats that look bluish or pinkish.
You might be interested: Question: How Do We See Crazy Horse From Road On Way To Mount Rushmore?
What color looks good on a blue roan horse?
For the purpose of finding what colors you should wear with your horse, your horse will be in one of the following color groups: Black – black is universal and can wear any color. Brunette (Bay, Black, White, Gray, Blue Roan ) – these horses look good in bright jewel tones such as blue, purple, pink and red.
Does Blue horse exist?
Although no one has real evidence that blue horses exist, there are many tales of sightings across the region from legions of true believers. Legend has it that a horse called "Big Lex" turned blue from grazing in nourishing bluegrass pastures his entire life.
Is a palomino horse?
How do you get a blue roan calf?
The blue roan color in cattle is usually the result of breeding a black cow (or bull) to a white bull (or cow) and results in a wide variety of blue coloration depending on the ratio of black to white hairs. To get a solid blue calf you want to mate a solid colored (not spotted) animals.
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Reflexology infertility in the Press
Reflexology for Infertility, can it help?
This article in the media looks at whether reflexology for infertility can make a difference.
Doctors told this couple that she had a hormone problem. They said fertility treatment would be a waste of time. After trying reflexology her hormone levels returned to normal.
She soon became pregnant and gave birth to second son.
Can Reflexology help overcome infertility?
You may also be interested in this post, by the BBC. Written by Jane Holt who has been practising reflexology for 17 years, and is trained as a nurse.
She discusses the effects of reflexology for fertility on couples with infertility problems.
"Patients can report feeling 100% more positive, relaxed, sleep better have improved sex drive, more regular cycles, better flow, less pain and a percentage of women have successfully conceived within a course of treatment."
"For many women the stress and anxiety attached to failing to conceive can be overwhelming and the treatment can help them fell more positive, relaxed and deal with their fertility issues in a more positive manner."
If you would like more information on how Reflexology for Fertility can help you relax, rebalance and help maximise your chances of conception, please contact me.
I would love to hear from you.


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Flashcards in Roads Deck (12)
Where was the Golden Milestone set up?
By Augustus in the Forum
Who oversaw the Appian Way?
Appius Claudius in 312 BC
What did the Appian Way connect?
Rome with Capua
On marshy ground, what was the road laid on?
How was the route of the road marked?
By parallel ditches 15 to 20 feet apart
Sand and lime (first layer)
A layer of flagstones (second)
Like and gravel concrete (third)
Final pavement made of polygonal blocks of flint or basalt
Summum dorsum or summa crusta
Why was the center of the road made higher?


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Coconut shells have in modern days been put into different uses ranging from jewelry boxes to flower pots. Coconut shells can also be used as oil burning lamps, since they are easy to get, cheap and Eco friendly, and here is how to make one.
- Hard glue
- cotton string
- two coconuts.
- metallic bottle topProcedure
DIY for Oil burning lamps
- Cut the two coconut using the hacksaw into two halves thus having four halves
- Use the knife to remove the flesh
- Remove all the fibers to a smooth surface using the sand paper.
- hold together the two clean halves using the hard glue.
- make a hole on one side of the half big enough to place the glued shell on to serve as a stand
- using the knife make a hole on the bottle top and put through the string.
- place some oil in the shell and place the string in and close.
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Paolo Veronese
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pen and ink drawing of religious figure carrying cross, drawing repeated twice
Paolo Veronese (1528–88)
Studies for Christ Carrying the Cross
c. 1571
Pen and gray-brown ink and wash
Samuel Courtauld Trust: Princes Gate Bequest, 1978
Many of Veronese's drawings are in pen and ink and were made to assist the artist in developing his compositions. This example is related to a painting of Christ carrying the Cross and records two ideas for the central scene of Christ and his tormentors. Figures and compositions almost merge into one another, conveying a sense of the excitement and speed with which the artist worked.