Japan's 1909 "Korean Fisheries Guide"
The following are some pages from Japan's 1909 "Korean Fisheries Guide," which were posted HERE by Mr. Tanaka Kunitaka. If I can get a translation of the Ulleungdo section, I will add it to the post.
Map of Ulleungdo (1909 Korean Fisheries Guide)
Uldo (Ulleungdo) County (1909 Korean Fisheries Guide)
Another Page Describing Ulleungdo
 1. The map is called 「鬱陵島全図」 and there are Jukdo(竹嶼)and Kwannundo(鼠頂島 Sokouto=観音島) on the map.
 On the first page, it clearly states that eastern limit of Ulleundo is 130°54′.
 And on p708-709, there are place name like 石門洞 (Sok-Mun) and 石亭浦(Chon-Sok-Po). You can see that the word 石 was pronounced as "Sok", not Tok or Dok on Ulleundo in those days.
 It also states that Japanese found many squids around the island and started Squid fishery in 1903. Korean on Ulleundo mainly used to do only farming and all they did was collecting seaweeds for marine product, but Koreans under middle class learned from Japanese and started fishing squids three years ago (1906?).
 2. Correction
 3. Thank you, Kaneganese. I had been wondering when squid fishing started on Ulleungdo. Also, notice that it said that Koreans did not start fishing for squid until 1906, three years after the Japanese started. Why did the Koreans wait so long? I think it was because Koreans on Ulleungdo at the time were not equipped to do that kind of fishing, or any kind of deep-sea fishing, which would explain why they were working on Japanese fishing boats, instead of their own, at the beginning of the 20th century.
 As other documents have shown, Koreans on Ulleungdo at the beginning of the 20th century were farmers, not fishermen, and, therefore, they had little reason and probably no means to travel beyond Ulleungdo to Liancourt Rocks (Dokdo/Takeshima). Even the Korean ships from the Cholla region, which visited Ulleungdo about once a year, apparently did not go there to fish. From what I have read, they went there to trade and to gather seaweed.
 Documents like Japan's fishing guides are a great source of clues for understanding the situation on Ulleungdo at the turn of the 20th century. By the way, the fact that Korea did not publish such fishing guides is another clue telling us that Koreans were not deep-sea fishermen at the turn of the 20th century.
 4. When one of my friends from kindergarten was a teacher of the school in coastal city of Hokkaido, she told me that she was very interested in the huge difference between the family of fishing industry and farming one. The family member who engage in fishing outer sea always prepare the worst every time their dads leave the house for work. If you are lucky, you could make a killing, but if you are not, you could lose everything, even their lives sometimes. It is always a gamble. On the other hand, farmers always have to plan what they are going to do next, or next year and so on. They are well-organized. Chosen dynasty disdained the fisheries because of the principle of basing a country's economy on agriculture by Confucianism. It is not surprising that Korean on Ulleundo didn't engage in "real" fishing since Chosen dynasty made them to immigrate from mainland to do farming, not fishing. Even in 1906 when they learned fishery from Japanese and finally started fishing squids around Ulleundo, but only "under the middle class" of them were engaged in fishing. Apparently, there must have been some sort of discrimination even among Korean residents on Ulleundo. Japanese fishermen testified that Japanese were hiring Korean women diver from Chejudo, not Ulleundo even in 1930's.
 5. I found some easy misleadings about the Korean website(I cannt find the original pages).
 韓国水産誌 江原道 島嶼
 第二章 江原道 (…) 本道の地は 北緯三十?度三十九分乃至三十九度十分, 東經百二十?度四十一分乃至百二十九度二十九分 間に位しで(…)東方一帶日本海に沿へり. (…)
 島嶼は 國島, 牛島, 猪島, 荒島, 松島, 竹島 ※, 無路島, 德山島, 卵島等ありで就中國島大なり. 竹島及無路島は箭竹の産地どしで名あり.｣
 This original text from 方輿総誌(_PHONE_ c.a.)
 also this is introduced in the 皇城新聞 1906.06.14 as old famous places.
 and this seven small island is on the 大東方輿圖(See:nearby 歙谷
 Map of 歙谷Hup-gok on 韓国水産誌 江原道's 歙谷郡


text:
In this paper, we investigate the performance of a green mobile operator collaborating with other traditional mobile operators. Its goal is to minimize its CO2 emissions, maximize its profit or achieve or tradeoff between both objectives by offloading its users to neighbor networks and exploiting renewable energies. On the other hand, traditional mobile operators aim to maximize their profits by attracting the maximum number of roamed users. The problem is modeled as a two-level Stackelberg game and its equilibrium is derived. A green mobile operator level that determines how many users per each base station to offload to each neighbor network, and a non-green mobile operator level where operators focus on finding the optimal roaming price. Our simulation results show a significant saving in terms of CO2 emissions compared to the non-cooperation case and that roaming decision depends essentially on the availability of renewable energy in base station sites. © 2015 IEEE.
|Title of host publication
|2015 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)
|Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
|Number of pages
|Published - Sep 11 2015

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Ricardo SIGNES > Date-Span-1.126 > Date::Span
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Module Version: 1.126 Source Latest Release: Date-Span-1.127
Date::Span - deal with date/time ranges than span multiple dates
version 1.126
 use Date::Span;
 _USER_ = range_expand($start, $end);
 print "from $_->[0] to $_->[1]\n" for (_USER_);
This module provides code for dealing with datetime ranges that span multiple calendar days. This is useful for computing, for example, the amount of seconds spent performing a task on each day. Given the following table:
 event | begun | ended
 loading | 2004-01-01 00:00 | 2004-01-01 12:45
 venting | 2004-01-01 12:45 | 2004-01-02 21:15
 running | 2004-01-02 21:15 | 2004-01-03 00:00
We may want to gather the following data:
 date | event | time spent
 2004-01-01 | loading | 12.75 hours
 2004-01-01 | venting | 11.25 hours
 2004-01-02 | venting | 21.25 hours
 2004-01-02 | running | 2.75 hours
Date::Span takes a data like the first and produces data more like the second. (Details on exact interface are below.)
 my _USER_ = range_durations($start, $end)
Given $start and $end as timestamps (in epoch seconds), range_durations returns a list of arrayrefs. Each arrayref is a date (expressed as epoch seconds at midnight) and the number of seconds for which the given range intersects with the date.
 my _USER_ = range_expand($start, $end);
Given $start and $end as timestamps (in epoch seconds), range_durations returns a list of arrayrefs. Each arrayref is a start and end timestamp. No pair of start and end times will cross a date boundary, and the set of ranges as a whole will be identical to the passed start and end.
 my ($start, $end) = range_from_unit(_USER_)
_USER_ is a specification of a unit of time, in the form:
 _USER_ = ($year, $month, $day, $hour, $minute);
Only $year is mandatory; other arguments may be added, in order. Month is given in the range (0.. 11). This function will return the first and last second of the given unit.
A code reference may be passed as the last object. It will be used to convert the date specification to a starting time. If no coderef is passed, a simple one using Time::Local (and timegm) will be used.
This code was just yanked out of a general purpose set of utility functions I've compiled over the years. It should be refactored (internally) and further tested. The interface should stay pretty stable, though.
Ricardo SIGNES
This software is copyright (c) 2004 by Ricardo SIGNES.
syntax highlighting:


Let's talk to an I2C sensor.
We'll use the BME280 sensor which can read temperature, humidity, and pressure. Here's the wiring diagram:
For the older version of the board, you'll need to jumper D1 and D2 together:
If you have the original board version, don't forget to jumper the D1 and D2 pins together.
If you have the new board version, don't forget to set the I2C MODE switch to ON.
Install BME280 Library
To install the BME280 library, run the following:
sudo pip3 install adafruit-circuitpython-bme280
Note that this step is the same as shown in the main BME280 guide. You would do the same thing for any other sensor.
Run Example
Now we can run the simple test example from the library. Here's the code:
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 ladyada for Adafruit Industries
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
import time
import board
from adafruit_bme280 import basic as adafruit_bme280
# Create sensor object, using the board's default I2C bus.
i2c = board.I2C() # uses board.SCL and board.SDA
# i2c = board.STEMMA_I2C() # For using the built-in STEMMA QT connector on a microcontroller
bme280 = adafruit_bme280.Adafruit_BME280_I2C(i2c)
# OR create sensor object, using the board's default SPI bus.
# spi = board.SPI()
# bme_cs = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D10)
# bme280 = adafruit_bme280.Adafruit_BME280_SPI(spi, bme_cs)
# change this to match the location's pressure (hPa) at sea level
bme280.sea_level_pressure = 1013.25
while True:
 print("\nTemperature: %0.1f C" % bme280.temperature)
 print("Humidity: %0.1f %%" % bme280.relative_humidity)
 print("Pressure: %0.1f hPa" % bme280.pressure)
 print("Altitude = %0.2f meters" % bme280.altitude)
 time.sleep(2)
Copy and save the above code and then run it with:
python3 bme280_simpletest.py
and you should see it print out sensor readings over and over:
Using STEMMA QT
The new version of the FT232H features a STEMMA QT connector. This makes connecting to newer breakouts that also have a STEMMA QT connector super easy. Just use a STEMMA QT cable:
Angled shot of JST SH 4-Pin Cable - 200mm Long.
This 4-wire cable is a little over 200mm / 7.8" long and fitted with JST-SH female 4-pin connectors on both ends. Compared with the chunkier JST-PH these are 1mm pitch instead of...
Out of Stock
Angled shot of STEMMA QT / Qwiic JST SH 4-pin Cable.
This 4-wire cable is a little over 100mm / 4" long and fitted with JST-SH female 4-pin connectors on both ends. Compared with the chunkier JST-PH these are 1mm pitch instead of...
Out of Stock
Angled of of JST SH 4-Pin Cable.
This 4-wire cable is 50mm / 1.9" long and fitted with JST SH female 4-pin connectors on both ends. Compared with the chunkier JST PH these are 1mm pitch instead of 2mm, but...
$0.95
In Stock
And then you can just wire the FT232H and the STEMMA QT breakout directly together. You don't even need a breadboard or soldering.
For breakout boards without a STEMMA QT connector, you can either use the header pins on both boards, that is, don't even use the STEMMA QT connector:
Or use the STEMMA QT connector on the FT232H breakout along with a STEMMA QT cable with one end of the cable cut off. You can then terminate the cut off end to the breakout in whatever way works best for your application.
There are also some STEMMA QT cables with header connectors which might be useful:
Angled shot of JST SH 4-pin Cable with Premium Female Sockets.
This 4-wire cable is a little over 150mm / 6" long and fitted with JST-SH female 4-pin connectors on one end and premium female headers on the other. Compared with the chunkier...
$0.95
In Stock
Top view of JST SH 4-pin to Premium Male Headers Cable next to US quarter for scale.
This 4-wire cable is a little over 150mm / 6" long and fitted with JST-SH female 4-pin connectors on one end and premium Dupont male headers on the other. Compared with the...
$0.95
In Stock
This guide was first published on Sep 29, 2019. It was last updated on May 20, 2024.
This page (I2C) was last updated on May 20, 2024.
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text:
ART 260 Basic Ceramics I • 5 Cr.
Introduces basic forming techniques of hand building and surface techniques including under glazes and glazes for earthenware and high-fire clay bodies. Students also get limited time on the wheel.
After completing this class, students should be able to:
Students will gain the technical skill to succeed in constructing clay objects in the following hand-building methods specifically (pinch, coil, and slab) and also be able to utilize surface treatments that include slips and underglazes, low and high temperature firing glazes, and overglazes and to demonstrate these abilities in a series of projects that self focus on aspects of function and utility and/or elements of sculpture and form. They will also gain a limited understanding of historical ceramics through visuals.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


ALERT Upcoming Webinar | Achieving a Safe Workplace in a COVID Environment: Ventilation Remediation to Abate Airborne COVID Transmission | July 29 at 11AM ET
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Hazardous Production Material (HPM)
What Does Hazardous Production Material (HPM) Mean?
Hazardous production material (HPM) is a term used within the semiconductor and microelectronics manufacturing industry to refer to any material that has a degree-of-hazard rating of 3 or 4 (the highest ratings) according to the NFPA 704 standard.
HPMs may be rated as hazardous according to their flammability, instability, water reactivity, or health effects, and they refer to materials in solid, liquid, or gaseous form. Although the word "production" is used in the term, HPMs also refer to materials used as part of research and laboratory processes, not just production lines, as long as the end product of that work is the production of a non-hazardous material.
The central purposes of the HPM classification are to ensure the safe storage, communication, and handling of HPMs within a given work environment.
Safeopedia Explains Hazardous Production Material (HPM)
The presence of HPMs within a given environment is considered in various building codes, such as the Uniform Fire Code (UFC) and the International Fire Code (IFC). Standards such as the UFC that address the storage of HPMs also prescribe the use of additional safety precautions like mandatory requirements for safe and unobstructed exit corridors. These requirements are in accord with NFPA 704, which provides a standardized system for communicating the hazard level associated with a given substance as a means of facilitating more effective emergency-response procedures.
When considered in context with building codes such as the UFC or IFC, HPMs are regulated according to the occupancy hazards that their presence imposes. Under the universal building code (UBC), semiconductor manufacturers are referred to as "H-6" occupancies (Group H, Division 6). All divisions within the Group H category describe different types of hazardous occupancy.
Under the UFC, limitations are placed on the amount of HPMs allowable within individual areas of a larger facility. Semiconductor fabrication rooms may not exceed a specific amount of HPM at any given time. This limit applies to the aggregated total of all HPMs in the space, adjusted for the particular level and type of hazard associated with each HPM.
The regulations and standards that concern HPMs are written to consider the quantity of the substance present. For instance, an occupancy would not receive an "H" designation unless the amount of hazardous material present exceeds a minimum threshold. This minimum amount is referred to as the "exemption limit."
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text:
Cooperation with overseas organizations
Vice President Nakahashi appointed as Chair of the International Forum for Aviation Research (IFAR) at the 6th IFAR Summit 2015
The 6th annual meeting of the International Forum for Aviation Research (IFAR), the 6th IFAR Summit 2015, was held at the NASA Ames Research Center in California, USA, from October 6 to 8, 2015, with the participation of 21 (out of total 26) IFAR member institutions.
Bringing together global aviation leaders of public research organizations from around the world, top aeronautics executives exchanged their views on current progress and future directions for technical collaboration under the IFAR. These included the environmental impacts of aviation, research into alternative fuels, developing a global approach to air traffic management, and sonic boom reduction for supersonic aircraft. Another feature is participation of young researchers. Young Researchers Conference was held in parallel with the Summit, and 18 young researchers from 6 countries exchanged their views on the "game changer" technologies in aviation in the future. At the closing, the position of IFAR Chair was approved to be taken over, from Jaiwon Shin, NASA Associate Administrator for the Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate, to Kazuhiro Nakahashi, former IFAR Vice-Chair and Director General of the JAXA Aeronautical Technology Directorate.
During its 2-year term as IFAR Chair, JAXA will take a leadership role in managing the IFAR in close cooperation with newly-appointed Vice-Chair Michel Peters of the Netherlands Aerospace Centre (NLR) in order to oversee operations for the further growth of IFAR.
The next summit will be held in autumn 2016 in Daejeon, South Korea, hosted by the Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI).
Newly-appointed IFAR Chair Kazuhiro Nakahashi (Director General of the JAXA Aeronautical Technology Directorate)
Representatives from 21 IFAR member institutions
gathered for the 6th IFAR Summit 2015
Participants: ATI (England), BME (Hungary), CAE (China), CEiiA (Portugal), CIRA (Italy), CSIR (South Africa), CSIRO (Australia), DLR (Germany), FOI (Sweden), IAE (Brazil), ILOT (Poland), INCAS (Romania), KARI (South Korea), METU (Turkey), NASA (USA), NLR (Netherlands), NRC (Canada), ONERA (France), VKI (Belgium), VZLU (Czech Republic), JAXA (Japan)


text:
Tomb of Askia
Located in the region of Gao in Mali and built in the fifteenth century, the Tomb of Askia is a monument which is a testament to the wonders of a dynasty fell, for the accuracy of the Songhai dynasty. The tomb bears the name of the founder of the third dynasty and is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. With its 17 meters high, the tomb is the most imposing monument of pre-colonial in the region, and is also the earliest example of Islamic style of architecture which later spread to the region and an example of how you are architecture fused Islam and North Africa. Regularly used as a mosque and cultural center for the city of Gao, the Tomb of Askia is definitely a must for anyone who goes on a visit to Mali.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Cheng-Yao Hung
Learn More
In this paper, a sensorless speed controller for linear induction motor (LIM) is developed based on a fuzzy observer. First, the LIM is represented by a T-S fuzzy model. Next, the fuzzy observer is constructed to estimate the immeasurable states including the mover speed and secondary flux, where the observer gains are obtained by computationally solving a(More)
This paper introduces a fuzzy virtual reference model (FVRM) synthesis method for linear induction motor (LIM) speed sensorless tracking control. First, we represent the LIM as a Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model. Second, we estimate the immeasurable mover speed and secondary flux by a fuzzy observer. Third, to convert the speed tracking control into a(More)
—This paper proposes a novel robust adaptive speed/ position tracking control for a linear induction motor (LIM) with both end-effect and secondary resistance unknown. The practical current-fed controlled LIM, with residual current error, is considered , i.e., the traditional ideal current-loop assumption is relaxed. More practical conditions, such as(More)
 - 1


Youth are still speaking about Sacred Conversations
Youth are still speaking about Sacred Conversations
Although new immigrants arrive in Chicago every day, Demetrious Gonzalez and Brandon Felfle, of Chicago's First Congregational Church, admit they spend more time talking about shoes and electronics than about immigration and race.
But they said they were fascinated when they heard, during Sunday morning's Sacred Conversations on Race, that undocumented immigrants in certain parts of the country can get an identification card that allows them to set up a bank account to deposit and withdraw funds. The ID card doubles as an ATM card, they explained.
Before the card program was implemented in Las Vegas, undocumented immigrants "would walk around holding their money," Gonzalez and Felfle learned. This made them easy targets for robbers, who knew they wouldn't call police out of fear of being deported.
Gonzalez and Felfle were among the dozens of teens who participated in the Sacred Conversations. Some felt more comfortable just listening. Others shared insights of their own.
Bethel Congregational UCC in Beaverton, Ore., has been discussing race for several months. Hannah Lindsey, the church's youth leader, spoke in advance with Synod-going teens about Sunday's conversations. At the Race and the New Generation discussion, they heard people talking about news-making events in their lives, such as World War II, John F. Kennedy's assassination, and Neil Armstrong's walk on the moon.
For this group from the Central Pacific Conference, even Barack Obama's election as the nation's first black president isn't as significant as some might assume. After all, they said, they've only known two presidents: Bush and Obama.
Larkin Miers thought the conversation was valuable, but was "mostly taken from a black and white perspective." Miers, who is Asian-American, has studied the Chinese Exclusion Act and said her social studies teacher once asked how many students had been searched by airport security. Those who had – including Miers, whose bag was searched – were all people of color, except one.
Kayla Hultquist of Mayflower UCC in Sioux City, Iowa chose the conversation on Race and the Environment. Hultquist said she "got chills" when Sheila Holt-Orsted told of living next to a landfill in Dickson County, Tenn. The landfill was polluting the drinking water, but the Holts — an African-American family — were assured by environmental officials that the water had been tested and was safe.
Meanwhile, white families were being told by the government not to drink the water because it was contaminated, Hultquist said, recounting Holt's story.
Holt-Orsted developed cancer. So did her father, an aunt and a neighbor.
The Holt family filed a lawsuit. The county's lawyer, asked by the New York Times how the landfill came to be located in the Holt's community, denied that race had anything to do with it.
Hultquist was inspired by Holt-Orsted's courage. "She's like Erin Brockovich, but I think it's worse. Erin Brockovich didn't have racism" to deal with.
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FBK Research Department Memoaustralia
To: Agent Penn E. Pincher & 1st Assistant
From: FBK Research Department – Request from Supervisor
Re: Your Task
You and your team of assistants will need to compile a fact book about the different countries the Big Bosses are scheduled to visit on an upcoming trip. You are to analyze these countries' different currencies, exports, imports and who their trading partners are. You will also be tasked with the job of figuring out the Big Bosses' expenses for their evening meals in these foreign countries.
 1. Before starting your research, you will need to print out the Agent Notebookmoney
 2. You will complete your task for the Big Bosses by completing the assignments listed below:
Assignment 1:
Visit Country at a Glance from the United Nations Web site to view the country you have picked for a picture and some general information about that country.
Assignment 2:
Visit the CIA's World Factbook for information about your country. Record your findings in your Agent Notebook under Assignment 2.
Assignment 3:
Fill in relevant statistics from your country for the International Currency Factsheet your teacher has posted at the front of the room.
Print out a picture of the front and back of the most recent currency your country has in circulation.russiaPictures of currency can be viewed at the International Bank Note Society. To get to the data, you need first to select a language: then select "paper money virtual gallery." Once there, select "banknotes," which leads you to different maps of different continents. Find your country by clicking on the continent it belongs to.
Assignment 4:
You must complete assignment 4, which is in your Agent Notebook. Your task is to find out how much money the Big Bosses will need in order to pay for their dinner in the country you are researching.
A calculator is recommended for assignment 4.
Every country has developed its own currency over hundreds, if not thousands, of years. A nation's currency is often a source of national pride and patriotism. If everyone in the world used the same currency, trading sure would be a lot easier, but it will likely be a very long time before that happens. If you have heard about the European countries working together to introduce the euro as a common currency, you may know how complicated that process really is.
No matter where you are, you can use the currency in that country to buy goods and services because it serves as a medium of exchange, a store of value and unit of account, just like the U.S. dollar at home. So you see, these items are really very easy to identify with a little practice; they are certainly very familiar to the children in the countries you as agents have researched. Good job!
This just in: A Lost Memo has been found. See if you can figure out the exchange rate, using the information you have gathered.
 1. Prepare a written memo to the Big Bosses, providing a briefing on the country and advising them on the amount of local currency they will need to purchase their evening meal.
 2. Create drawings of the top three items your country exports: identify other classmates who are representing countries that your country has trade relations with.
When you have finished the lesson, ask other students to join you in creating additional data for review. (Try for a group of 3-6 students.)Visit this section of the UN Cyber School Bus site.
Enter the name of your country; then select Go. Be patient while the graphs load.
Then select comparison factors from the Select Category: Population, Economy, Health, Technology or Environment.
Identify factors you will use in making comparisons about each country: the economy and technology categories will provide you with several items worthy of discussion.


text:
Télécharger Sustainable Irrigation and Drainage V: Management, Technologies and Policies Gratuit
Affusion, as the biggest water user in most regions of the world, is facing significant challenges in balancing social, economic and environmental needs for water. These proceedings of the 5th International Conference personnes Sustainable Irrigation and Antisepsie: Management, Technologies and Policies provide examples of how irrigation and drainage can become more sustainable, while acknowledging that the noumène of sustainability is peut goal that continues to change as our knowledge of the biophysical realities alters. In that surprise, moving towards sustainability is an ever-evolving journey. The focus is on the implications for improving sustainability, whether this is antisepsie, irrigation technologies, economic modelling, governance studies for affusion management, reuse of water, or any other champ. Topics covered include: Affusion Management; Irrigation Systems and Planning; Climate Change Effects; Groundwater Issues; Socio-economic Benefits.


Channels ▼
AdaCore Buzzes Gnat Pro 7.0 and CodePeer 2.1
AdaCore, a commercially focused Ada programming language company, recently announced the availability of its Gnat Pro 7.0 development environment product with support for the upcoming Ada 2012 language revision.
The new Gnat will feature improvements based on user suggestions and supports several new platforms. It also includes a new testing tool (GNATtest) and sits alongside the rest of the firm's Freely-Licensed Open Source Software (FLOSS).
NOTE: The WG9 committee, after discussions with the ARG and with members of the Ada community, has instructed the ARG to complete the Amendment to Ada 2005 so that ISO standardization of the new version can be completed by 2012.
"It is interesting to compare this latest Gnat Pro release to the first ones, 15 years ago," commented Cyrille Comar, MD of AdaCore's European arm. "It used to consist of a bare Ada 95 compiler for a few native platforms. Now we offer a modern, comprehensive development environment and toolset dedicated to the sound software engineering of long-lived, highly-reliable systems, including those with strong safety requirements."
AdaCore's US chief Robert Dewar has suggested that the Ada programming language is reaching the final stages of a major revision. The new Ada 2012 standard will be sent to ISO (International Organization for Standardization) for ratification and to analyze its capabilities in terms of reliability, safety, and security.
The most important enhancements relate to the concept of "contract-based programming" and the introduction of more powerful assertion mechanisms in the language, such as preand post-conditions for subprograms, global assertions, and type invariants, encourage programmers to better specify the meaning of their code, and allow runtime verification to guarantee that their intent is, in fact, obeyed.
NOTE: Microsoft's much-revered Larry Osterman used his space on the MSDN pages to write the following on the contract-based approach:
"A function's software contract, simply put, defines the behavior of a function. It allows the caller of a function to know what the function does, how it fails, and (in general) what happens when the function executes. Contracts can be both explicit and implicit — an explicit contract is expressed directly. A function's explicit contract is embodied in many forms, and is expressed in different places. It's embodied in the documentation of the function (either in official published documentation or just in the comments in the function header). It can be embodied in annotations applied to the function definition. It can be embodied in the names of the parameters to a function. And some contracts are expressed by some well-known conventions."
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text:
Mineralogical Society Distinguished Lecture at NUI Galway
Wednesday, 21 November 2007
'Minerals, metals, molecules and microbes' The Mineralogical Society Distinguished Lecturers programme comes to the Environmental Change Institute, NUI Galway, on Thursday 29 November, with a lecture by Professor David Vaughan of the University of Manchester. Professor Vaughan will deliver a lecture on "Minerals, metals, molecules and microbes: environmental mineralogy and sustainability", at 8pm, with refreshments from 7.30pm, in the Orbsen Building Seminar Room. Environmental mineralogy is the study of minerals with the purpose of understanding and assessing their influence in the movement and fixing of organic and inorganic contaminants at and near the earth's surface. According to Professor David Vaughan, of the University of Manchester, "Metals are critically important both as resources and potential pollutants. Understanding how they can be concentrated or dispersed at the Earth's surface depends on new knowledge, at the molecular scale, of processes involving mineral surfaces, ultrafine particles and mineral-microbe interactions." The lecture will address the following questions: How do we use minerals to contain waste? Can minerals offer green solutions to the problems of waste management? How do minerals assist in the remediation of contaminated soils and waters? How do flora and fauna interact with minerals in rocks and how do they work to break down stone buildings and walls? What are some of the state-of-the-art techniques used to study metal cycling in the environment? Dr. Martin Feely, of the Geofluids Research Group in the Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences at NUI Galway, says that, "On a local level, one of the most visual examples of the importance of mineral-microbe interactions is the manner in which lichen work to degrade Ireland's old stone walls. Understanding how this process occurs is relevant for geologists, archaeologists, environmental consultants, botanists and microbiologists." This lecture is free and open to the public and is hosted by NUI Galway's Environmental Change Institute (ECI) and Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences. For more information please contact _EMAIL_ or phone 091 495061.


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Organic Winter Canola Production in North Carolina
by Rachel Vann and Chris Reberg-Horton
Are you interested in diversifying your organic rotation by adding winter canola? AgStrong, a buyer in Bowersville, GA, is contracting with growers in North Carolina again for organic canola production (AgStrong Contact: Mike Garland, _PHONE_) and Perdue is also interested in buying organic canola (Perdue Contact: Jeff Riddle, _PHONE_). Some organic growers in the state have found canola to be a profitable alternative crop to wheat. Here are a few things to consider if you are thinking about producing organic canola:
Canola is a type of rapeseed that has been bred to produce an edible oil for human consumption; organic canola meal can be used for feed in organic livestock operations. Organic canola acreage in areas of the United States and Canada where transgenic canola is widely grown has dramatically declined due to contamination issues; limited transgenic canola production in our region minimizes the risk of contamination and offers a unique opportunity for producers to capitalize on the demand for organic canola. Winter canola is produced in a similar timeframe as wheat in North Carolina and growers can use small grain equipment to grow canola, therefore minimal equipment investment is necessary to add canola into the rotation.
Canola can be established using a planter, drill, or aerially broadcast; this allows flexibility with equipment at planting. Canola is a very small seed and should only be planted at a 1/4 to 1/2 inch depth. The best canola stands are achieved when canola is planted into a clean-tilled seedbed; no-till canola is possible but has additional management challenges. Growers that no-till canola into heavy residue should increase seeding rate 15-20%. Canola needs to be planted earlier than wheat; ideally canola should be planted by mid-October to ensure adequate fall growth prior to the first killing frost. From 2011 to 2013 we tested several row spacing (7, 15, and 30 inch) and seeding rate (3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 lbs/acre) combinations for organic canola production in Goldsboro, Kinston, and Salisbury, NC. Conventional canola planting recommendations are to plant at 4 to 6 lbs seed/acre on 6 to 8 inch row spacing. We wanted to determine how increasing seeding rates and widening row spacing to allow for between row cultivations would enhance weed control and affect canopy diseases. We found that in an organic weed control context, canola yield was generally maximized at low seeding rates across row spacings (3-6 lbs/acre).Canola yield increased slightly at higher seeding rates with the narrow row spacing, but declined as seeding rate increased in the wider row spacing. Growers planting on wide row spacing should use caution when increasing seeding rate beyond 6 lbs/acre as yield declines can occur from high interspecific competition. To our knowledge, there are not regionally-adapted, certified organic canola varieties available in the Southeast, however there are several non-GMO varieties that are well adapted for production in the region. Rubisco seeds is a supplier of non-GMO canola varieties in the region. We did not observe severe disease pressure in our canola trials, but we know that the Sclerotinia disease complex can reduce canola yield. Sclerotinia pressure is intensified under wet conditions; avoid poorly drained fields.
As with all organic crops, synthetic herbicide use is prohibited in organic canola production. Using plant competition is an important component of weed control in organic canola production; canola is relatively competitive with some common winter weeds such as henbit and chickweed and if growers have weed pressure primarily from these species they have flexibility on row spacing selections to maximize yield. In our 2011-2013 organic canola trials, we observed slight declines in weed pressure as canola seeding rate increased, however this did not affect canola yield. Canola is plastic and can be competitive with some weed species at low seeding rates. If growers have severe weed infestations from hairy vetch, clover, or Italian ryegrass, widening canola row spacing to allow for between row cultivation can be important to prevent yield loss in organic canola production.
Canola does require 120 to180 lbs N/acre to maximize yield and requires a moderate soil pH (University of Georgia Canola Production Guide). A split N application at planting and again in the spring prior to bolting is often recommended. Canola is sensitive to boron (B) and sulfur (S) deficiencies; this is especially problematic on sandy soils.
From 2016 to 2017 we conducted a study looking at fertility options for organic canola in Goldsboro and Kinson, NC. We evaluated the effects of poultry litter application rate/timing, added B, and added S on organic canola yield. Trials yields were between 25 to 35 bu/acre at each location. Two methods of poultry litter application were investigated: 4 tons/acre applied preplant only and a split application of 2 tons/acre applied preplant and 2 tons/acre applied in February prior to canola bolting. Canola yield was maximized when all litter was applied preplant, with a 4 bu/acre increase in yield compared to a split application. 60 lbs S/acre (gypsum) and 0.3 lbs B/acre (Borosol) were applied in mid-February and compared to no added B and S for canola yield. Adding these nutrients did not increase canola yield. These preliminary results indicate that canola fertility can be handled by one preplant application of poultry litter and that adding B and S in the spring may not be necessary to maximize canola yield.
Harvesting is generally considered the most complicated part of canola production. Based on our experiences in North Carolina, canola is typically ready to harvest around the same time as wheat. Canola can be direct combined but determining the ideal harvest timing can be difficult. Canola is indeterminate and there is generally a short period between plants being too green to harvest and so dry there is significant shatter. Harvest should occur when approximately 85% of the pods are brown. We have growers that have harvested their canola using their small grain header and wheat sieves in their combine. 10% moisture is ideal for harvest and 7-8% moisture is ideal for storage. Italian ryegrass contamination of the canola crop can be a problem in situations where Italian ryegrass pressure is severe. Lodging can also be a problem for canola production, particularly when the canola is over-fertilized. Lodging is intensified at seeding rates above 9 lbs/acre. Previous research trials and production in the state would indicate that canola yields between 30-60 bu/acre (50 lbs/bu) are typically achieved.
Please feel free to contact Chris _PHONE_ (_EMAIL_) or Rachel _PHONE_ (_EMAIL_).


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Seeing Inside Your Container Media
When you buy a good-quality root substrate, you are mostly purchasing holes. Solid particles from peat, bark, perlite, wood fiber and other components typically make up only about 20 to 30% of volume when a pot is filled with root substrate. The rest is made up of spaces, termed pores, which are filled with either air or water.
If we can match our irrigation practices with a substrate with adequate components and particle sizes, it results in a suitable balance of waterand air-filled pores for healthy root growth. It is difficult to visualize substrate physical properties such as porosity, but pores have a major effect on plant performance. In this article, we will try to help you see pores in a new light.
GOLDILOCKS SUBSTRATE – NOT TOO FINE, NOT TOO COARSE
If you have ever received a shipment of fine, dusty container substrate, then you may have experienced that the substrate is hard to dry down and holds excess water. This is because fine particles lead to small pores that are easily water-logged by irrigation, thereby starving plant roots of oxygen and promoting disease. For example, if a fine and compacted substrate is used in hydroponics where the substrate is continually saturated, root growth will decrease (Figure 1).
In contrast, if the substrate is very chunky, the resulting pores are large and filled with air rather than water. Use of large particles, such as the coarse perlite in Figure 2, means we can pour on water during propagation without starving roots of air, but the resulting transplant may fall apart or dry out quickly when shipped.
When we fully irrigate and drain a substrate in a pot, we refer to this level of moisture as "container capacity." High-quality greenhouse substrates typically have water-holding capacity around 60 to 75% in a 1-liter or 1-quart container at container capacity, and air porosity in the range of 10 to 20%. To test for water and air porosity in your own substrate, go to our website (_URL_) and select "Training" and "Root Substrates." You will find porosity testing and other protocols in English and Spanish (Figure 3).
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SMALL PORES AND LARGE PORES
Water adheres to the substrate particles that surround pores, because of attractive forces between both water molecules themselves, and between water and the particle surfaces (Figure 4).
At the micro-level, a root substrate contains a whole world of pores that are both large and small. You can see larger pores between peat particles in the scanning electron microscope image in Figure 5. The larger pores are likely to be filled with air. Within a peat particle, there are "internal" pores that will quickly fill with water. Internal pores may hold onto water so tightly that plant roots cannot extract it as the substrate dries ("plant-unavailable" water).
IRRIGATION'S IMPACT ON PORES
If a substrate is frequently irrigated, such as under mist propagation, it can be possible to completely saturate all pores and fill them with water. When pores are water-logged, there is no air available for root growth. That affects root growth and plant health. For example, callus can form on unrooted cuttings under high moisture conditions, as shown in the scaevola in Figure 6. However, (oxygen) to respire and grow and allowing the substrate to dry at least to container capacity is essential or rooting will be delayed.
We have used X-ray computed tomography (CT) scans of mixes to see how the balance between water and air change depending on our irrigation methods and substrate choices. For example, Figure 7 shows a 50-count propagation cell of Oasis foam (bottom) with different moisture levels. We typically want at least 10% volumetric air content to provide enough gas exchange for roots to "breathe" and get the oxygen they need for growth and functioning, which means allowing the substrate to dry to less than container capacity between irrigation events.
Figure 7 shows that as the substrate dries, the pores are no longer isolated holes but form a connected pipeline which allows air exchange and oxygen supply. You can see that the bottom of the substrate is the most saturated at container capacity, because gravity pulls water down whereas capillary action draws water up against gravity. This has practical implications. For example, the water/air balance at the base of a plant cutting will depend on how deeply the sticking is placed into the propagation cell.
You can clearly see the effect of pore size on capillary action in Figure 8, where finer pores draw up water to a greater height.
DIFFERENT PARTICLE AND PORE STRUCTURES
A scanning electron image highlights the different structure of foam and rockwool (Figure 9) compared with peat in Figure 5. Oasis and rockwool do not have as many small pores as peat, have a more even range of pore sizes, and water is easily available for root uptake because water is not held as tightly as peat. This means that water and air is more evenly distributed in peat from the bottom to top of a container, whereas Oasis and rockwool have a saturated zone at the bottom of a container but have less water and more air at the top of the container.
PARTICLE AND PORE SIZE WITHIN A SUBSTRATE TYPE
Within any component, such as peat, there can be a wide range in particle and resulting pore size (Figure 10). You may ask if adding a component such as wood fiber to your peat substrate will make it a "wetter" or "drier" mix. Figure 10 clearly shows the answer will depend on the particle size and porosity of the wood component compared with the specific peat source. Each component is like an ingredient in a pie, and you can achieve similar air and water porosity characteristics by understanding and blending the correct materials.
Acknowledgements: We thank our industry partners in the Floriculture Research Alliance (floriculturealliance.org), Specialty Crops Research Initiative, and Clean WateR3 from NIFA-USDA ARSfor supporting this research and extension program. Imaging instrumentation was provided by the University of Florida Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering's Research Service Centers (RSC).


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A screen shot, screenshot, or screen capture is a way to "take a picture" of your computer screen (or a portion thereof).
Why would you want to do that?
Well, let's say you're trying to explain a computer problem to a technical friend of yours, and you're trying to describe what you see on the screen — the dialogs, buttons, messages, whatever. You're not sure of the terms to use, and your friend is having a difficult time understanding your description.
And of course, your friend insists that the exact wording of everything you see is incredibly important (for the record, he's right.)
You know what they say: "A picture is worth a thousand words." And it can go a long way to eliminating miscommunication.
Let's take a picture of your screen you can email to your friend.


How to Use the French Imperfect Tense (Imparfait) Perfectly
Parfait yogurt
The two most common tenses to talk about the past in French are the imparfait ("imperfect") and passé composé (literally "composite past," but more generally the "past perfect" tense). The imperfect tense is generally used for descriptions of past events or actions without a specific endpoint in time.
J'aimais [imperfect] les parfaits, maintenant je préfère le yaourt nature. I used to enjoy parfaits; now I prefer just plain yogurt.
Mastering the French imparfait takes a bit of memorization, like other verb tenses, but more importantly it takes a lot of exposure to different examples to get the hang of it. Because English doesn't distinguish between situations requiring the imperfect and perfect tenses as clearly, it's often difficult to know when to use the French imperfect as opposed to the passé composé when talking about events in the past.
However, with the following tips and examples on how to use the imparfait to describe the past, you'll start to see the difference more clearly. After getting familiar with these six general situations where the imparfait is appropriate, memorizing the conjugations will be relatively simple!
Trumpets playing
1. Habits or things you did frequently
Often, the imparfait is translated with "used to" in English to describe something habitual in the past which continues for a duration of time.
"I used to…"
Je prenais des cours de trompette. I used to take trumpet classes.
"I would…"
Je passais par le parc tous les jours en rentrant chez moi. I would walk by the park every day on my way home.
Person stares into wilderness
2. Feelings, emotions, mental actions, or physical sensations
When you describe how you felt (emotionally or physically) in the past or the occurrence of a mental event like forgetting or remembering, you usually want to reach for the imparfait.
"I was…"
J'étais très heureux à l'école primaire. I was very happy in elementary school.
Quand je vivais en Allemagne, j'avais toujours très froid. When I lived in Germany, I was always very cold.
Birthday cake
3. Time and age
Whenever you talk about a specific time in the past in which your narrative takes place, or describe how old you were when something happened, use the imparfait.
"It was…"
C'était le 1er janvier et je prenais mes résolutions du nouvel an. It was the first of January and I was making my New Year's resolutions.
"I was…"
J'avais douze ans. I was twelve years old.
Guy on the phone
4. Two simultaneous events taking place at a non-specific point in the past
Okay, here's where it starts to get a little complicated. But before you feel overwhelmed by #4, take a look at this example in which two actions are taking place at the same time but aren't really affecting each other:
"While… was -ing, …was -ing.
Pendant qu'elle dînait, j'appelais ma mère. While she was eating dinner, I was calling my mother.
Pink Umbrella
5. Attributes or general descriptions of the past
"…was -ing…"
Elle rayonnait de fierté. She was glowing with pride.
Il pleuvait. It was raining.
La ville était plus petite quand j'étais jeune. The city was smaller when I was young.
This includes expressions describing a state of being "in the process" of doing something and using the common phrases "être en train de" and "venir de."
J'étais en train d'arroser les plantes. I was in the middle of watering the plants.
Je venais d'arriver. I had just arrived.
Workers inside a building
6. Ongoing actions interrupted by another action
In English, we often use "used to" to denote that an action was ongoing for an indeterminate amount of time or habitual. If you were to draw the following two sentences on a timeline, you would have difficulty pinpointing where the sentence using imperfect starts and ends, as the speaker is not specifying the exact duration.
J'ai construit [passé composé] une maison l'année dernière. I built a house last year [event is completed].
Je construisais [imperfect] des maisons. I used to build houses [habitual].
Je construisais [imperfect] une maison lorsque mon téléphone est tombé du toit. I was building a house when my phone fell off the roof [interrupted event].
Building house grammar
Using the imparfait correctly in this context requires a bit of consideration, but think of it as just a bit of work to set the stage for your narrative. Who knows, perhaps your story will end up coming out much clearer than it would have in English after having thought it out so carefully. Your audience will thank you!
Time-Marking Phrases
If you see or are tempted to use any of these phrases when talking about the past, especially in descriptive, unspecific contexts, it's a tip-off that you should use the imperfect.
every daychaque jour / tous les jours
every yearchaque année / tous les ans
How to Form the Imperfect Tense
French verbs all end in either -re, -ir, or -er and change (conjugate) according to who performed it and when the action occurred.
To conjugate a verb in the imperfect tense, remove the -re/-er/-ir from the nous present tense form so that you're left with the "stem" of the infinitive. Then, add the appropriate ending from the chart below depending on who is performing the action.
1. faire 2. faisons (nous form in present tense) 3. fais- 3. (je) faisais
PersonImparfait ending
Irregular Verbs in the Imperfect Tense
Luckily, there are only a few irregular verbs in the imperfect tense. Here are two of the most common ones:
Être (to be):
Être is the only verb with an irregular stem in the imparfait (meaning that you don't use the present tense nous sommes to form it).
J'étaisNous étions
Tu étaisVous étiez
Il/Elle/On étaitIls/Elles étaient
Aller (to go):
The present tense of aller is irregular, but in this case we still use the nous form as the starting point for the imparfait.
J'allaisNous allions
Tu allaisVous alliez
Il/Elle/On allaitIls/Elles allaient
The best way to combat any confusion you may be feeling about the imparfait is firstly through passive exposure to lots of authentic French (Try listening to French radio!) and secondly by actively quizzing yourself on the correct usage with a language learning tool like Lingvist. Lingvist's online French course monitors your progress and customizes the exercises you'll receive, meaning you can practice tricky issues like choosing between imparfait and passé composé until you've mastered it.


Thomas Grenier
Unifying Variational Approach and Region Growing Segmentation
by on Nov.09, 2011, under Region Growing, Research
Region growing is one of the most popular image segmentation methods. The algorithm for region growing is easily understandable but criticized for its lack of theoretical background. In order to overcome this weakness, we propose to
describe region growing in a new framework using a variational approach that we called Variational Region Growing
(VRG). Variational approach is commonly used in image segmentation methods such as active contours or level sets, but is rather original in the context of region growing. It relies on an evolution equation derived from an energy minimization, that drives the evolving region towards the targeted solution. Here, the energy minimization and the VRG robustness to the initial seeds location are performed on gray-level and color images. (pdf)
Jean-Loïc Rose(a), Thomas Grenier(b), Chantal Revol-Muller(b), Christophe Odet(b)
(a)LIRIS, CNRS UMR5205, Université Lyon 2, 69676 Bron cedex, France
(b)CREATIS, CNRS UMR5220, Inserm U630, Université de Lyon, INSA de Lyon, France
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Look for 2 adults on the nest. The adult pair will show pair bonding behaviors such as vocalizations, aerial sky dances, and the male feeding the female fish. You may see the pair copulating, which typically begins 14 days before laying eggs.
Females will lay 1 - 4 eggs at a rate of one egg every 1 - 2 days. After laying, incubation starts. Look for adults taking turns sitting low in the nest incubating eggs. The incubation period can last 35 - 43 days.
Chicks hatch ~39 days after incubation begins. Look for adults bringing food to the nest and making "head bows" into the center. Chicks typically can't be seen until they are 2 - 3 weeks old, so feeding behavior is the only way to know chicks are there.
Around 4 weeks after hatching, look for the heads of chicks to show over the rim of the nest, particularly when adults bring food to the nest. Other times they lie flat and are harder to see. Count the number of chicks in the nest before they learn to fly
Chicks begin flying around 7 - 8 weeks old, and are still fed by the adults. Count the number of chicks who have successfully fledged the nest and are observed flying.
Chick Last Observed
4 - 10 weeks after fledging, chicks begin leaving the nest area to migrate south, once they have learned to fly and feed themselves. Record the date that the last chick left the nest.
Look for signs of nest failure like adult abandonment, adults no longer incubating eggs or feeding young.


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Economic Botany History
The original collection was assembled for the World's Colombian Exposition of 1893 in Chicago. Over 10% (1438 ite ms) of the economic botany specimens date from this exposition with especially rich representation from the national exhibits of British Guiana, the Philippines, Japan, Brazil, Burma and India. These collections can essentially be considered the historic beginning of the Botany Department. The majority of collection acquisition occurred during the four decades following the World's Colombian Exposition
- Paris Exposition (1901)
- Louisiana Purchase Exposition (1904)
- Panama-Pacific Exposition (1915)
US government sources:
- crop cultivar samples
- fiber samples of raw flax and processed linen
Foreign institutions or governments:
- India Forest Research Institute
- Philippines Board of Education
- Australian Technological Museum
Commercial or Industrial sources:
- Fritzsche Brothers, Inc., New York
- Chicago Varnish Co.
- Archer-Daniels-Midland Co.
- S.B. Penick & Co.
- Parke, Davis & Co.
- Frederick A. Stokes & Co.
Field Museum sponsored expeditions:
- Mrs. T. B. Blackstone Expedition _PHONE_ (Eastern Tibet)
- Mulford Biological Exploration 1921 (Bolivia)
- Stanley Field Expedition 1922 (British Guiana)
- Marshall Field Expedition _PHONE_ (Peru)
- Marshall Field China Expedition 1923
- Marshall Field Brazil Expedition 1926
- F.M.-Oxford U. Joint Expedition 1926, 1928, 1942 (Iraq)
- Marshall Field Amazon Expedition _PHONE_ (Brazil, Peru)
- F.M. Venezuelan Expedition 1942
The collection is currently housed in a compactorized storage unit that was designed to meet the unique demands for these objects. The collection is named in honor of Timothy C. Plowman, former curator of Botany, who was instrumental in obtaining funds to preserve this collection.


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Daily Plant science
By adjusting Precellys protocols and lysing tubes, extract easily DNA, RNA or proteins out of Arabidopsis leaves, seeds, corn, nuts, rice, wheat etc.
Handling hard samples preparation and increase throughput of sample preparation in GMO detection, Environment
Our references performing homogenization with Precellys 24
- USDA (USA)
- Agriculture Canada (Canada)
- INRA (France)
- Biogene (Korea)
Example 1 : DNA extraction from rice
Rice is grinded in powder in less than 1 min with metal beads.
Pictures of grinding results on rice species
Read application form
Example 2 : RNA extraction from Arabidopsis leaves
From Arabidopsis leaves, optimal DNA or RNA with high yield is obtained with Precellys following 2x15s at 5000rpm with precellys lysing kit 03961-1-007
RNA gels from Arabidopsies leaf
Application on Soil
Extract DNA, RNA, proteins from micro-organisms in Soil. With specific lysing tubes (03961-1-006), soil is reduced into powder and micro-organisms' walls are lysed to release all genomic materials. After purification, Precellys24 gives higher yield and increase detection limit threshold.
Sensitive molecules : Better RNA extraction from plant & soil with Cryolys cooling option
Precellys with Cryolys cooling option is the only homogenizer that can control temperature during homogenization. RNA from micro-organisms are preserved before purification.


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On the island of Flores in Indonesia, villagers have long told tales of a diminutive, upright-walking creature with a lopsided gait, a voracious appetite, and soft, murmuring speech.
They call it ebu gogo, "the grandmother who eats anything." Scientists¿ best guess was that macaque monkeys inspired the ebu gogo lore. But last October, an alluring alternative came to light. A team of Australian and Indonesian researchers excavating a cave on Flores unveiled the remains of a lilliputian human--one that stood barely a meter tall--whose kind lived as recently as 13,000 years ago.
This article was originally published with the title The Littlest Human.


text: This article gives an example of self-deradicalisation from Tunisia. It addresses the potential of radicalised individuals to de-radicalise themselves from within the Salafi doctrine with no external interventions, in comparison with the state's religious rehabilitation approaches to tackling radicalism which not only fail but are also counterproductive. Deradicalisation could, of course, involve a more comprehensive rejection of Salafi ideology. This article suggests that an effective type of deradicalisation that is more likely to make the desired change possible is one in which there is a gradual modification of some attitudes and behaviours without abandoning the whole underpinning Salafi ideology. Referring to the personal narratives of 28 individual Tunisian Salafis, the article identifies phases of radicalisation and deradicalisation as the individual voluntarily moves from embracing radical ideology to a more critical understanding and practice reflecting on personal and interpersonal experiences of being radicalised. The research shows that the process of self-deradicalisation is reflective of Salafi youth experience of engagement with radicalism and is more likely to happen in societies that allow political expression and individual freedom that invoke individuals' critical thinking.


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Binary package "empire" in ubuntu maverick
the war game of the century
Empire is a console game simulation of a full-scale war between two
emperors, the computer and you. Naturally, there is only room for
one, so the object of the game is to destroy the other.
The world on which the game takes place is a square rectangle containing
cities, land, and water. Cities are used to build armies, planes, and
ships which can move across the world destroying enemy pieces, exploring,
and capturing more cities.
The classic game from the 1980s uses text mode graphical output, drawing
your units, cities and the world in color. Commands are issued using


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Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. In Rom. archæol., a room in a large dwelling. The word occurs in Vitruvius and Pliny, in ways that have suggested to modern writers the idea that it had a technical meaning; but it was merely the Greek word transferred.
Sorry, no example sentences found.
'œcus' hasn't been added to any lists yet.
Looking for tweets for œcus.


Washington, D.C. – Today, in response to Congress including language in the year-end omnibus and Coronavirus relief package that would reinstate Pell Grant eligibility for incarcerated people and eliminate the Aid Elimination Penalty, which denied federal student aid to people convicted of a drug law violation while receiving such aid in the past—Grant Smith, Deputy Director of the Office of National Affairs at the Drug Policy Alliance (DPA), released the following statement:
"The repeal by Congress of the ban on Pell Grants for incarcerated students and elimination of the drug conviction question on the federal student aid application, together, represent a major victory for students who have been unfairly deterred from pursuing higher education. No one should be denied access to education because of a criminal record. For more than twenty years, these policies have punished students who rely on federal aid to attend college and disproportionately harmed Black and Brown people targeted by drug enforcement.
Congress imposed these restrictions during the 1990s escalation of the drug war and tough-on-crime era, and in the years since, thousands of students who rely on federal aid have been denied educational opportunities increasingly essential to successful employment. Studies have confirmed time and again that these policies harm a person's ability to successfully transition back into their communities and deny them the basic human right to learn and improve their quality of life.
The repeal of these policies is a major step forward in the fight to roll back the collateral consequences of a conviction and repair the racial and economic inequities that convictions have caused. This victory would not have been possible without the leadership of currently and formerly incarcerated advocates.
While there remains much work to be done to fully dismantle the war on drugs and other destructive tough-on-crime policies, we are grateful that lawmakers have removed these particularly cruel and counterproductive barriers to education."


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Remember MAST Trousers (Military Anti-Shock Trousers)? They were a staple of prehospital care starting in the 1970s and lasting through the turn of the century. But what happened after that? They seem to have disappeared. I recently received a question on the topic recently and wanted to share the real story with you readers.
The basic MAST trouser consists of three inflatable compartments: two legs and one covering the abdomen and pelvis. Each can be inflated or deflated separately. The basic concept was first described by a surgeon who wanted to increase blood pressure during neurosurgical procedures in the early 1900s. The US military embraced the concept during the Vietnam war, using it to augment systolic pressure in servicemen in shock.
Military surgeons migrated this device into civilian prehospital care during the mid-1970s, and the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma listed this device as essential on all ambulances in 1977. MAST trousers then came into widespread use throughout the 1980s and 1990s.
Early research in the 1970s suggested that this device could provide up to a 20% boost in volume to the upper part of the body when applied. But as occurs with so many new toys, additional research demonstrated that this auto-transfusion effect was actually only about 5% of blood volume. Some significant complications also came to light as lower extremity ischemia and compartment syndromes were described. Ben Taub Hospital published a study in 1987 which showed no improvement in mortality in patients with penetrating injury.
At the end of the century, support for MAST started to dry up. The NAEMSP published a position paper limiting use to ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms and pelvic fractures with hypotension. The final straw was a review by the Cochrane Collaboration in 2000 that confirmed no reduction in mortality with MAST use.
Although a few older textbooks may still mention MAST trousers, they are no longer the standard of care. There are no longer any accepted indications for their use, and the few trousers that remain are gathering cobwebs in some corner of the trauma basement.
Reference: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan.


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If you're considering buying a surface acoustic wave (SAW) touchscreen, you might wonder whether they are long-lasting. Some touchscreens last longer than others. They are better protected against premature wear and tear, resulting in a longer usable life. And with their long-lasting properties, they offer greater value than their counterparts.
SAW Touchscreens Explained
To better understand whether SAW touchscreens are long-lasting, you must first understand the technology that powers them. SAW touchscreens are characterized by their use of ultrasonic waves. They produce, as well as sense, ultrasonic waves.
When you initially turn on a SAW touchscreen, it will produce ultrasonic waves across the display interface. Sensors on the opposite ends of the display interface will pick up and register these ultrasonic waves. Performing a touch command will disrupt the sound waves in the respective area of the display interface. The SAW touchscreen will then register this disruption as a touch event.
Yes, SAW Touchscreens Are Long-Lasting
Without any moving parts, SAW touchscreens are long-lasting. SAW touchscreens leverage transducers to detect touch commands. They use transmitting transducers to produce ultrasonic waves, and they use receiving transducers to receive and sense ultrasonic waves. Regardless, SAW touchscreens don't use any moving parts to detect touch commands.
SAW touchscreens still feature a glass top layer — just like many other touchscreens. But the glass layer doesn't move, nor does it feature any mechanical components. The glass layer is the top layer that, as previously mentioned, contains the transducers. SAW touchscreens use transmitting and receiving transducers to detect touch commands via ultrasonic waves.
How long do SAW touchscreens last exactly? Many of them last for over 50 million touches. Whether you're looking to buy a new touchscreen for personal or commercial usage, a SAW touchscreen will last a long time.
Other touchscreens may feature moving parts. Resistive touchscreens, for instance, have two layers. When you perform a touch command on a resistive touchscreen, you'll press the top layer into the bottom later. Over time, these movements can wear down resistive touchscreens while potentially shortening their usable life.
You can rest assured knowing that SAW touchscreens will last a very long time. SAW toushcreens don't contain any moving parts. Rather, they feature transducers on a glass top layer. Some of the transducers produce ultrasonic waves, whereas others receive and sense ultrasonic waves. Regardless, SAW touchscreens don't contain any moving parts, so they last longer than many other touchscreens.


text:
The Kleresca Rejuvenation Treatment stimulates your skin at a cellular level to improve your complexion.
Inspired by photosynthesis, Kleresca's light technology aims to stimulate your skin at a cellular level. During treatment, your skin is covered with a photoconverter gel, resulting in LED light waves being converted into a dynamic, pulsing, fluorescent light energy that promotes your skin to build new collagen.
What is involved in the treatment?
It is recommended that the treatment is performed once a week, for four weeks. During each treatment, your skin will be cleaned and the Kleresca Skin Rejuvenation gel will be applied. The gel will then be illuminated for nine minutes using the multi-LED Kleresca lamp. The gel and the lamp work together to create a florescent light energy that stimulates the skin. In the final stage of your treatment, the gel will be removed and the skin will be cleaned and moisturised.
What are the benefits of Kleresca Skin Rejuvenation?
Kleresca Skin Rejuvenation aims to:
- Induce the production of collagen
- Reduce pore size
- Eliminate fine lines
- Reduce scarring
Patients have previously remarked about an overall improvement in their skin quality with the treatment leaving their skin feeling radiant.
How long will it take to see the results of a Kleresca Rejuvenation Treatment?
Results can vary from person to person as there are a number of influencing of factors. Generally, you may begin to see the results over the course of your treatment series. However, your skin can visibly continue to improve for a few months after finishing your treatments.
Kleresca Rejuvenation Treatment Tasmania
If you would like to explore the world of Kleresca and see how their BioPhotonic treatments can help you, book your appointment at Victoria's Cosmedi Spa today.


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GBRA Youth Education and Plum Creek School Water Quality Project
To promote youth education and involvement in the Partnership, a water quality monitoring program was initiated in the 2006-2007 school year and is being conducted annually. Thousands of students and teachers from Hays ISD, Lockhart ISD, and Luling ISD schools have participated in classroom instruction and hands-on investigation of water quality in Plum Creek since 2006. The GBRA Ag Fair held each year at the Big Red Barn near Seguin, TX, has provided hands-on educational opportunities for thousands of area elementary students throughout the Guadalupe-Blanco River Watershed, including Plum Creek Elementary Schools. Each year, the Plum Creek WC demonstrates runoff potential and erosion effects for a variety of land uses and land cover types using a rainfall simulator.
Texas Watershed Stewards
The Texas Watershed Steward (TWS) program is a statewide one-day educational program designed to improve the quality of Texas' water resources by educating and informing local stakeholders about their watershed, potential impairments, and steps that can be taken to help improve and protect water quality in their watershed. The program is sponsored by the Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service and the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board (TSSWCB) and made possible through a Clean Water Act §319(h) nonpoint source grant from the TSSWCB and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
The Lone Star Healthy Streams
The Lone Star Healthy Streams (LSHS) program provides rural landowners with education on reducing the amount of bacteria entering Texas water bodies. The program is providing a coordinated and comprehensive education program designed to increase awareness of the bacteria issues associated with grazing and dairy cattle, poultry, horses and feral hogs; and encourages voluntary implementation of BMPs to reduce bacteria runoff, which will ultimately lead to improved water quality. The development of this program was initiated in 2007 by the Texas AgriLife Extension Service and TWRI with funding through CWA §319(h) grants from TSSWCB and EPA. For more information visit the Lone Star Healthy Streams Program.
Healthy Lawns Healthy Waters Program
The Healthy Lawns and Healthy Waters Program (HLHW) aims to improve and protect surface water quality by enhancing awareness and knowledge of best management practices for residential landscapes. At workshops, attendees will learn about the design and installation of residential rainwater harvesting systems and appropriate turf and landscape species based on local conditions. Participants will also receive a free soil test bag and soil test analysis through the Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Soil, Water and Forage Testing Laboratory.


The Valencia variety is the number one juicing orange because it does not contain limonin, a chemical which can cause juice to develop a bitter taste after exposure to oxygen.
Valencias apply their own natural sunscreen to protect the fruit s inner-flesh from damaging UV rays.
The natural defence causes the Valencia to reabsorb chlorophyll, which turns the skin slightly green, can make an orange ripe for the eating look like it's not.
As Australias only orange variety grown at the height of summer, this re-greening process keeps the inside fresh and allows the variety to thrive in tropical conditions.
More From This Category


The OSC protocol
OSC is the acronym for Open Sound Control. This protocol was created to send orders between different applications using the network, a bit like MIDI but more flexible. Many software programs support this protocol and it is therefore a simple way to communicate several applications.
The OSC uses the UDP network protocol.
An OSC device can be declared in Modulo Player.
To be able to send orders to a third party application, it is necessary to know the IP address of the machine where the application and the communication port are hosted.
The IP address is a bit like the street and the port a bit like the number of the mailbox in the street.
To send orders, it is therefore imperative to enter this information correctly, otherwise the order will not be received by the third-party application.
In the same way to receive orders from a third party application in Modulo Player: It is necessary to choose the port on which you want to receive the orders and in the third party application it is necessary to say that we will send commands to the IP address of the Modulo Player.
An OSC message is composed of a path and sent values.
A path is defined by a sequence of words separated by / for example it can be /modulo/task/1 This string is defined arbitrarily but it is imperative that the sender and receiver use the same syntax.
The values sent can be Boolean, integers, float or strings.
Use of the OSC protocol of the Modulo Player:
Modulo Player has an integrated protocol for receiving and sending orders in OSC: This protocol and "Touch OSC": _URL_ were used to create user interfaces on tablets or telephone when the IU did not exist in Modulo Player.
So we're going to use a preset for Touch OSC.
This preset is loaded into the tablet or phone connected in network with the Modulo Player using the Touch OSC Editor application, the documentation is available on this "page": _URL_
The input and output ports are by default the ones used in Touch OSC.
we will activate "trigger enable" and "feedback" on the OSC device, to receive orders using the OSC Modulo Player protocol and to send information back to TouchOSC.
For those who want to go further, the OSC Modulo Player protocol is described on this "link": _URL_
It is possible to use this protocol with any application to communicate with Modulo Player in OSC.
Manual use: Task:
A task can also be triggered by using the OSC device as a trigger.
We create a task, we add the OSC device as a trigger.
Manual use: Digimap:
It is also possible to create a digimap that will receive a value from an OSC device.
We add a touchpad in touch osc.
We create a digimap, we patch it to the x-position of a media.
We create a second digimap and patch it to the y-position of a media.
sending an OSC command to a device:
You can also send commands to an OSC application using a task.
For example, we will create two tasks to move a button in the TouchOSC application.
Need more help with this?
Don't hesitate to contact us here.
Thanks for your feedback.


text:
1622; Oil on copper, 13-1/8 x 8 in.; The Saint Louis Art Museum
Still life was a frequent subject for Dutch and Flemish artists painting on a copper support, in part because copper facilitated the accurate depiction of flowers and other objects included in these highly detailed pictures. Van der Ast was renowned as a still life painter: an Amsterdam doctor of the time remarked of the artist, "In flowers, shells, and lizards, Beautiful." Van der Ast was led to painting on copper by his teacher and brother-in-law, Ambrosius Bosschaert I (Flemish, _PHONE_), the founder of a dynasty of flower and fruit still life painters, all of whom painted on this metal support.
The flowers shown in Van der Ast's painting bloom at different times of year, suggesting he made drawings or water color studies of individual flowers that he combined and varied in the studio within a single composition. The colors and textures of the shells in his paintings, including this one, are so explicitly rendered that they can be identified by modern conchologists. Here he has depicted a yellow picta (land snail) and a brown-and-white connus victoriae. Shells like these were brought to the Netherlands on the trading vessels of the East and West India Company and soon became prized collector's items, so much so that over-zealous collectors were satirized in the early seventeenth century as "shell fools."


Filed Under:Claims, Auto
The Biomechanics of Head Injuries
Assessing Auto-Related Bodily Injury Claims
Did the claimant sustain a head injury in the incident? Would the diagnosed head injury have been prevented if the claimant was using a protective device such as a helmet, seat belt, or airbag? Biomechanical engineers frequently answer injury causation and prevention questions like these in personal injury claims.
During the course of an investigation, biomechanical engineers may compare the forces or accelerations experienced by the head in an incident to those required to cause the diagnosed injury. The incident forces/accelerations are calculated through reconstruction of the event, and the forces/accelerations required for the injury are typically determined from published experimental data. If the forces/accelerations in the incident are of the magnitude required for the injury, then the injury is likely consistent with the incident; however, if they are not, then the injury likely is not consistent with the incident.
This type of professional analysis can be useful when injuries like concussion or mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) are being claimed. The terms concussion and MTBI are typically used to describe the same injury and are often used interchangeably. Concussion is difficult for medical doctors to diagnose because objective evidence of the injury can be lacking. Recent media attention on concussion in football and other sports highlights the significant short- and long-term effects these injuries can have as well as the controversies surrounding proper diagnosis and treatment.
When an individual claims an injury such as MTBI, proper use of a biomechanical engineer can be valuable in assessing the validity of the claim. A common case involves a concussion claim following a relatively low speed rear-end collision. In this type of collision, the driver initially moves rearward relative to the forward-moving vehicle. The driver's back compresses the seat cushion and his head rotates rearward until it contacts the head restraint. Following this rearward motion, the driver rebounds forward into the seat belt, but typically avoids head contact with any other structures.
In this case, the peak head acceleration occurs during the head contact with the head restraint. Many experimental tests simulating this type of collision have been conducted using human volunteers, cadavers, and crash test dummies. From these tests, the driver's peak head acceleration exposure is estimated. This value is then compared to published levels that have been associated with concussion. For low speed rear-end collisions, the head restraint padding and compliant seats of most vehicles typically result in low head accelerations with a very low concussion risk.
Necessary Precautions
Safety equipment such as helmets, seat belts and airbags can mitigate or prevent head injuries when used properly. Biomechanical engineers often answer questions about the use and effectiveness of these safety devices.
Helmets for motorcycling, bicycling, and other activities are designed to mitigate and prevent brain, skull and superficial head injuries. Brain injuries and skull fractures are prevented as the helmet attenuates the head acceleration and distributes the impact force to a larger region of the head. This is achieved primarily through compression and cracking of the helmet's energy absorbing liner (seen in Figure 1). Superficial head injuries such as lacerations and abrasions are prevented in the regions of the head that are covered by the helmet.
While most certified helmets are made up of the same general components, not all helmets provide the same level of protection. Full-faced helmets cover a larger area of the head than shorty or beanie helmets, and therefore may protect a larger area of the head from lacerations and abrasions. They will also protect against skull/brain injuries for impacts over a larger area of the head, though often not the entire area covered by the helmet. Furthermore, just because a helmet has a sticker indicating it is certified to a specific standard (for example, DOT and/or Snell for motorcycle helmets and CPSC for bicycle helmets) does not mean that it actually meets the requirements of that standard. Fake labels are readily available and are even sold on some online auction sites. In addition, random testing of DOT motorcycle helmets conducted from 2000-2008 shows that 44 percent of the DOT labeled helmets tested actually failed some aspect of the standard.
Helmet impact testing illustrates the significant difference in performance between different helmets, particularly those that are not certified. A common question we answer is whether or not a "better" helmet would have mitigated or prevented a diagnosed head injury. The presence of an adequate energy absorbing liner (typically at least 1-inch thick) is generally associated with a "good" helmet. Testing of non-certified beanie helmets (see Figure 2) clearly shows their inferior performance relative to DOT certified shorty and full-face helmets.
More On Risk Reduction
When used properly, seat belts and airbags can also mitigate or prevent head injuries. Seat belts are designed to limit and control occupant motion within the vehicle during an impact or rollover. Seat belts are most effective in frontal impacts, where they can limit the forward motion of occupants and prevent or minimize body contacts with vehicle interior structures. Eliminating head contact in an incident substantially reduces or prevents head injury risk.
A variety of airbags exist in today's automobiles and include frontal airbags, side airbags, curtain airbags, and knee bolster airbags. Each of these airbags is designed to prevent specific injuries for a specific direction or type of impact (for example, frontal, side, rollover). Seat belts and airbags perform best when used together and with "normally" seated occupants. The effectiveness of these safety devices can be challenged by occupants that are "out of position," such as sleeping. In "out of position" cases, when the airbag deploys it can inadvertently strike the occupant as it is deploying. Since airbags deploy at a very high speed, this type of interaction can result in large head accelerations and severe injuries.
Typically, the largest head injury-risk reduction with vehicle safety equipment use occurs in cases where an unbelted occupant strikes his head on a window frame (or some other stiff interior vehicle structure). Head contact with stiff structures can result in large peak head accelerations over a very short period of time. Under the same conditions with a seat belt, the head motion is controlled and head contact (if it occurs at all) is against a relatively soft fully deployed airbag (Figure 3) or head restraint. Head contacts with these softer structures typically result in lower peak head accelerations that occur over a longer period of time and are generally less injurious.
Personal injury claims involving severe head injuries can be substantial. In these claims, biomechanical engineers are frequently used to investigate issues of injury causation and prevention. By analyzing the mechanics of the head impact in the incident biomechanical engineers can show or refute injury causation. They can also evaluate the effectiveness of protective equipment or devices that could or should have been used.
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STEM Programs
EV3 Robotics, Python Programming,
Game Design, Digital 3D Paint & Art,
Digital Work shop
Grades : 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
View detail
About Us
At The Scholar Tree we believe that we can provide quality education without eroding it of its value. Although we teach them school work we also have an after school program that takes care of things like teaching them important life skills lessons (e.g., why and how they should save water, why and how to respect others, the importance of prayer, etc). Read More...


Update on NYS Grades 3-8 Assessments
Dear Watervliet families,
We want to update you about the grades 3-8 English language arts (ELA) and math tests scheduled for this spring. You may recall that these tests, which typically are held each year, were not given in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Unless New York State receives a waiver from the federal government, we are planning to administer a shortened version of the grades 3-8 assessments.
We also have some key information share with you about how and when these tests will be given this year. The New York State Education Department (NYSED) has reduced the number of questions on the assessments, and all test questions will be multiple choice. Instead of the state tests being given over two days, testing will occur on one day per grade level for in-person learners. Given the shortened test format, we anticipate that students will be able to complete the assessments in 45-60 minutes; however, students will be able to take as much time as they need.
NYSED requires that all state assessments be completed at school. Changes to the format of the tests give us the flexibility to offer students who are fully remote an opportunity to come to school to take the tests on the dates provided on the schedule below. School administrators are reaching out to families of remote learners to identify students who will take the tests in school. A reminder that students must follow all COVID safety protocols in school when taking the tests, which include completing the health screening/attestation before entering the building.


DwmGetColorizationColor function
Retrieves the current color used for Desktop Window Manager (DWM) glass composition. This value is based on the current color scheme and can be modified by the user. Applications can listen for color changes by handling the WM_DWMCOLORIZATIONCOLORCHANGED notification.
Syntax
DWMAPI DwmGetColorizationColor(
 DWORD *pcrColorization,
 BOOL *pfOpaqueBlend
);
Parameters
pcrColorization
A pointer to a value that, when this function returns successfully, receives the current color used for glass composition. The color format of the value is 0xAARRGGBB.
pfOpaqueBlend
A pointer to a value that, when this function returns successfully, indicates whether the color is an opaque blend. TRUE if the color is an opaque blend; otherwise, FALSE.
Return Value
If this function succeeds, it returns S_OK. Otherwise, it returns an HRESULT error code.
Remarks
The value pointed to by pcrColorization is in an 0xAARRGGBB format. Many Microsoft Win32 APIs, such as COLORREF, use a 0x00BBGGRR format. Be careful to assure that the intended colors are used.
Examples
The following example code shows a WM_DWMCOLORIZATIONCOLORCHANGED notification handle. If the colorization notification is received, this code retrieves the new color value.
C++
...
DWORD color = 0;
BOOL opaque = FALSE;

HRESULT hr = DwmGetColorizationColor(&color, &opaque);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
 // Update the application to use the new color.
}
...
Requirements

Minimum supported client Windows Vista [desktop apps only]
Minimum supported server Windows Server 2008 [desktop apps only]
Target Platform Windows
Header dwmapi.h
Library Dwmapi.lib
DLL Dwmapi.dll


bio-0.5: A bioinformatics library
This implements a number of filters used in the Titanium pipeline, based on published documentation.
Discarding filters
type DiscardFilter = ReadBlock -> BoolSource
DiscardFilters determine whether a read is to be retained or discarded
discard_empty :: DiscardFilterSource
This filter discards empty sequences.
discard_key :: String -> DiscardFilterSource
Discard sequences that don't have the given key tag (typically TCAG) at the start of the read.
discard_dots :: Double -> DiscardFilterSource
 1. The dots filter discards sequences where the last positive flow is before flow 84, and flows with >5% dots (i.e. three successive noise values) before the last postitive flow. The percentage can be given as a parameter.
discard_mixed :: DiscardFilterSource
 1. The mixed filter discards sequences with more than 70% positive flows. Also, discard with 30% noise, 20% middle (0.45..0.75) or <30% positive.
discard_length :: Int -> DiscardFilterSource
Discard a read if the number of untrimmed flows is less than n (n=186 for Titanium)
Trimming filters
type TrimFilter = ReadBlock -> ReadBlockSource
TrimFilters modify the read, typically trimming it for quality
trim_sigint :: TrimFilterSource
 1. Signal intensity trim - trim back until <3% borderline flows (0.5..0.7). Then trim borderline values or dots from the end (use a window).
trim_primer :: String -> TrimFilterSource
 1. Primer filter This looks for the B-adaptor at the end of the read. The 454 implementation isn't very effective at finding mutated adaptors.
trim_qual20 :: Int -> TrimFilterSource
 1. Quality score trimming trims using a 10-base window until a Q20 average is found.
Utility functions
dlength :: [a] -> DoubleSource
List length as a double (eliminates many instances of fromIntegral)
avg :: Integral a => [a] -> DoubleSource
Calculate average of a list
clipFlows :: ReadBlock -> Int -> ReadBlockSource
Translate a number of flows to position in sequence, and update clipping data accordingly
clipSeq :: ReadBlock -> Int -> ReadBlockSource
Update clip_qual_right if more severe than previous value


text:
This workshop was part of a series of workshops on reliance, which continues to be an important area of focus for CIRS. It builds on the outcomes of a workshop held in South Africa in 2018 entitled Practical implementation of reliance models: what are the barriers and facilitators to the successful application of these models for innovative medicines, generics and variations? and one in Brazil in 2017 entitled Facilitating the review of new medicines through risk-based evaluations: how can a stratification process be utilised to achieve an effective use of resources?
- Discuss process and practices that enable agencies to optimise and improve their performance without affecting quality or the standards of the review process.
- Understand how the use of a systematic, structured approach to agencies measuring the various components of their review process can enable agencies to focus their improvement initiatives, set realistic targets and facilitate future strategic planning and decision making within the review process.
- Discuss how the development and introduction of good reliance practices can provide direction and a pathway for agencies to practically embed reliance-based application models within their review process, the benefits of utilising these approaches, and how this can be measured.
- Identify the elements of interagency trust contained within current reliance-based systems and how these enable agencies to practically implement a reliance-based application review model.
- Recommend how embedded quantitative metrics can be used to optimise review performance and what should constitute good reliance practices that will enable agencies to focus on value-added activities and provide timely regulatory decisions on patient availability to good quality medicines that are safe and effective.


Execution Slots
Execution slots are an advanced feature in kenaflow.
They can be used to execute workflows on different levels or "execution lanes" so that they work on distributed execution venues.
Workflows in kenaflow are executed in parallel. For this purpose sub processes are executed. Each sub process executes one workflow. All workflows are in a common queue. The maximum number of parallel executions is defined in the global configuration.
Please read this article for the details.
Workflows usually have a "TBE" time: Time Between Execution. This specifies how many seconds must elapse between two starts of the workflow before it is executed again. The specification of the "TBE" is a "minimum" specification. There is no guarantee that the workflow will restart after this time, since other workflows may be scheduled in the queue beforehand.
If it is now necessary for certain workflows to have a highly probable execution lane in the specified time, then execution slots can be used.
An analogy: Imagine a 5-lane highway. Each highway lane is a kenaflow execution lane. Slow workflows can prevent the fast ones from getting past them when the slow ones are allowed to occupy all lanes. Execution Slots can be used to specify that certain workflows are to be defined for certain lanes. Slot "0" (zero) accepts all non-configured workflows.
Any slots can be defined via the global configuration. This is configured in the "slots" setting in the "Main Mode" section. A list of slots is created here by specifying how many execution venues are provided per slot.
For example, if you have this settings in global configuration:

 2;3
...than you have configured 10 execution lanes ("parallelWFExecutors"). And you have configured 3 slots: Slot #1 with 2 execution laness, Slot #2 with 3 execution lanes - and Slot #0 (default slot) with the rest of 4 execution lanes (10 - 2 - 3 = 7).
In the workflow configuration (missing) you can specify on which slot the workflow should run. All workflows that are configured for a certain slot will share all execution lanes that are assigned to the slot.


text:
Inside the CBCA Shortlist
Girl on Wire (Penguin Random House) is a highly metaphorical picture book, for older children, where a wire resembles a tightrope. It is a stunning work painted in oils, and the book cover resembles a painting canvas.
In the story an unnamed girl seems to be in a difficult or even threatening situation. She is anxious and fearful. Or, at the very least, she is simply avoiding a task or something she must do. She must take the first step, then continue along to move forward, change and grow.
Where is the girl? What could the wire or tightrope represent? What is hindering and helping her? How does she find courage?
The outstanding illustrations create changing perspectives and atmospheres. Consider how light and shadows are used, how movement is shown, and which part of the girl is focussed on at different times [e.g. feet, back view, from a distance, close-up].
Lucy Estela's website is _URL_
Elise Hurst's website is _URL_
Using the book with children:
Idiom What is another meaning of walking a tightrope? [a careful balancing act of thinking or acting when between difficult, changing or dangerous situations]
Motifs Birds and feathers aren't mentioned in the written text but they are used as motifs in the story. Follow the birds and feathers in the illustrations. Examine how close and far they are from the girl. What is their role?
Read other books by Elise Hurst such as Imagine a City, Adelaide's Secret World and The Night Garden; and Suri's Wall by Lucy Estela, illustrated by Matt Ottley.
Balancing With safe monitoring, children could try balancing on something quite low to the ground (or on the ground) or walking along a balance beam (which could be a plank of wood) or low slackline. They could walk forwards and backwards; over obstacles e.g. beanbags; or through obstacles e.g. hoop. They could begin by looking at their feet and then look at someone in front of them as the girl does in the book. Is it easier to look down or at someone?
Tightrope Cartoons Children could use the online tool Toony Tools to make a cartoon of a character walking a tightrope _URL_
Tightrope Song Older children could listen to the song Tightrope, written by Pasek and Paul, sung by Michelle Williams, from The Greatest Showman movie. How do the lyrics relate to the picture book Girl on Wire?