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Why IS Science Cool?
Have you ever pondered that question? Ever want to tell the world why you think that Science is Cool? I think science is COOL because through science I can find the answer to my hundreds of questions of why? Why is the sky blue but sunsets have colors? Why don't birds fall out of the sky? Why doesn't silly putty stay in the shape I put it? I love the question why and LOVE that I can find many of these answers through science and if I can't find the answer? I know I can set up an experiment to try to figure it out!!
Now YOU have the opportunity to answer that burning question of: Why IS science cool?! Find out more about the Kavli Science Video Contest that is happening at the USA Science and Engineering Festival.
USA Science & Engineering Festival Calls for Entries to New Kavli Science Video Contest
Washington, DC, April 15, 2010. Science is cool and The Kavli Foundation is challenging K-12 students across the nation to explain why.
The first ever Kavli Science Video Contest will be held this year during the USA Science & Engineering Festival October 10-24, 2010 in Washington, DC. This two-week celebration of science based in the nation's capital, includes events ranging from student brown bag lunches with Nobel Laureates to a two-day Science Expo featuring close to 500 science and engineering organizations.
Students nationwide are invited to submit entries for the video contest, with cash awards and prizes for the top entries. The best videos will be shown at the Festival's Expo on October 23-24, 2010, where hundreds of thousands of science fans are expected to gather on D.C.'s National Mall. The first place winner will also receive a travel stipend to attend the Expo. Rules and a submission form can be found here.
USA Science & Engineering Festival Kavli Science Video Contest
· Who Can Enter – Individual students or groups from K-12 schools, home school networks, after-school programs, science clubs or any other organization the student is representing for the purpose of the Kavli Science Video Contest. All prize monies must go to an educational institution rather than an individual student.
· Types of Videos Eligible – Videos should explain Why Science is Cool and may explore a scientific concept, provide a glimpse into the future or show us what scientific discovery has done for us in the past, or whatever else the inspires the entrant. USA Science & Engineering Festival videos must be 30-90 seconds in length, educational and suitable for general public screening.
· Selection of Winners – Winning videos will be chosen by a distinguished panel of judges that includes Brian Schwartz, founder of Science & the Arts at the City University of New York Graduate Center and Sheri Potter, a founder of the Coalition on Public Understanding of Science (COPUS).
Following in the footsteps of American Idol, America can vote on a People's Choice Kavli Science Video Award through SciVee, a Web 2.0 site which helps scientists share their work with the general public.
· Deadlines and Prizes – The contest is open now and all entries must be submitted before midnight on July 15, 2010. First prize is $1,000 plus a $500 electronics gift certificate or HD Camcorder (valued up to $500) and a travel stipend to travel to Washington DC for the Expo. Second prize is $500, plus a $250 electronics gift certificate, third prize is $250, plus a $125 electronics gift certificate. The People's Choice Award prize is $250.
· Reward for Multiple Entries – Organizations from the DC area that submit a minimum of 10 contest entries are eligible to apply for a bus grant. The grant can be used towards bussing a group of up to 50 students, teachers and family members to the USA Science and Engineering Festival Expo on October 23 or 24th.
About the Kavli Foundation
The Kavli Foundation is dedicated to advancing science for the benefit of humanity, promoting public understanding of scientific research, and supporting scientists and their work. The Foundation's mission is implemented through an international program of research institutes in the fields of astrophysics, nanoscience, neuroscience and theoretical physics, and through the support of conferences, symposia, endowed professorships, journalism workshops, education initiatives and other activities.
Related Links – USA Science & Engineering Festival
Festival Video: _URL_
Web Sites: _URL_
Facebook Group: _URL_
LinkedIn Group: _URL_


Accepted Papers
Algorithmic Decision Making with Conditional Fairness
Renzhe Xu: Tsinghua University; Peng Cui: Tsinghua University; Kun Kuang: Zhejiang University; Bo Li: Tsinghua University; Linjun Zhou: Tsinghua University; Zheyan Shen: Tsinghua University; Wei Cui: Squirrel AI Learning
Nowadays fairness issues have raised great concerns in decision-making systems. Various fairness notions have been proposed to measure the degree to which an algorithm is unfair. In practice, there frequently exist a certain set of variables we term as fair variables, which are pre-decision covariates such as users' choices. The effects of fair variables are irrelevant in assessing the fairness of the decision support algorithm. We thus define conditional fairness as a more sound fairness metric by conditioning on the fairness variables. Given different prior knowledge of fair variables, we demonstrate that traditional fairness notations, such as demographic parity and equalized odds, are special cases of our conditional fairness notations. Moreover, we propose a Derivable Conditional Fairness Regularizer (DCFR), which can be integrated into any decision-making model, to track the trade-off between precision and fairness of algorithmic decision making. Specifically, an adversarial representation based conditional independence loss is proposed in our DCFR to measure the degree of unfairness. With extensive experiments on three real-world datasets, we demonstrate the advantages of our conditional fairness notation and DCFR.
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← Back to: List of phobias
 Wikipedia has more on Demonophobia
Demonophobia (or daemonophobia) is the fear of demons. This fear is often triggered from reading religious texts or watching certain horror movies, such as Hellboy and Spawn, where demons are portrayed. Another trigger is the fear of Hell. Black magic such as witchcraft is another trigger of demonophobia. Sufferers would often stop believing in religion.
This fear can be treated by the help of a priest or pastor by often talking about mythical creatures. Demonophobic person who panics would need to undertake panic therapy, hypnosis or acupuncture, to treat demonophobia. Psychotherapy and even education are the most effective fear eliminators.
See also[edit | edit source]
External links[edit | edit source]


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As a vegetarian or vegan, it is difficult to find food at Italian restaurants often. If you are lusting for vegetarian food in Chilliwack, head over to Pallioti's Italian Restaurants in Chilliwack, Maple Ridge, and Abbotsford. Visit our website to check out our lunch and dinner menus at Pallioti's.
Why is it tough to find vegetarian Italian food?
If you traveled to Italy or tried to cook Italian food, you would generally have a harder time finding vegetarian-friendly ingredients. Some of the most signature dishes incorporate meat as an essential ingredient. For example, a classic carbonara is not carbonara without the pancetta.
Also, most Italians would scoff at the idea of using 'vegetarian' ingredients for such a classic dish! Another traditional dish, like lasagna, also relies on meat as the main ingredient.
Fortunately, it does not mean you can't find any vegetarian food at all. For example, a lot of appetizers like bruschetta can use vegetarian ingredients, while still being authentic. You can also find pasta arrabbiata, which only uses vegetables.
Classic vegetarian dishes to order at Italian restaurants
As we mentioned, authentic Italian cuisine is not entirely hostile to vegetarians. There are a few native Italian dishes that are also vegetarian. The most famous vegetarian dish is probably Pasta Arrabiata, whose main ingredients are garlic, tomato, and some chili. Another notable Italian American dish is Pasta Prima Vera, which uses loads of vegetables like broccoli and bell peppers.
Spaghetti Aglio is another classic vegetarian dish hailing straight from Italy. It merely uses garlic, olive oil, and some chili for seasoning. Spaghetti al Pomodoro is also a vegetarian-friendly dish from Italy. It uses sun-ripe tomatoes, garlic, and basil.
Vegetarian food for lunch
At our restaurant, you will find several vegetarian dishes like Pasta Prima Vera and bruschetta. We also have vegetarian-friendly Margherita pizzettas. For delicious and fresh vegetarian food in Chilliwack, visit our restaurant in Chilliwack.
In our lunch menu in Chilliwack, we have the vegetarian-friendly breaded mozzarella and bruschetta crostini for an appetizer. Then comes the pasta primavera and curried vegetables pasta for the main course. In addition, you could also order a fresh rocket salad, tossed salad, or a Caesar salad on the side.
Vegetarian food we offer for dinner
Again in our dinner menu, we have the breaded mozzarella and bruschetta crostini as appetizers. You could also order a minestrone that is full of vegetables. For vegetarian-friendly salads, all of our salads are vegetarian. This includes Caesar, Italian, Roman, Tuscan, tossed, and rocket salads. You will find fresh ingredients like tomatoes, feta, olives, arugula, basil, and cucumbers.
Our vegetarian main dishes include the Four Cheese Tortellini, the Portobello Ravioli, Fettucine Al Prima Vera, and Curried Vegetable Tortellini. You can also order the Margherita pizzetta, which is vegetarian. We only use the freshest ingredients for these dishes, with fresh tomato sauce, basil, and fragrant garlic.
Are you fed up with looking for vegetarian food in Chilliwack? Head over to Pallioti's Italian Restaurants and indulge in our hearty vegetarian meals for lunch or dinner.vegetarian food Chilliwack
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source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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On-site sanitation systems such as pit latrines are extensively used around the world, while there is a growing number of evidence documenting the impact of pit latrines on groundwater quality that may affect human health. Hence, this paper summarizes the various safe-sanitation technologies by broadly categorizing them into fecal pathogen disinfection methods (anaerobic digestion, chemical disinfection, biological additives, solar pasteurization and vermicomposting) and capturing methods (pit lining and permeable reactive barriers, the latter of which simultaneously capture and sanitize fecal sludge in pit latrines). While some of the reviewed technologies have been widely practiced for mitigating microbial contamination of the groundwater, others are still in the early stage of commercialization and field validation. Though there are challenges to the selection and adoption of the most appropriate technology, this paper discusses the readiness of each technology as a stand-alone fecal sludge management solution.
Pit latrines impact groundwater quality that may affect human health.
Treatment techniques are discussed to capture low-cost pathogens in pit latrines.
Pit liners such as peat, clay, hydrophobic membranes and permeable reactive barriers help capture pathogens.
When compared with other methods, the chemical disinfection method with chlorine, lime, Ikati and Soda ranked best with the highest score.


Accedi / Registrati Account
You may have seen some posts that introduce Performance Co-Pilot (PCP). Here, we will focus on some questions we hear from customers while they are looking at PCP for the first time.
If you are familiar with other monitoring tools, then PCP should not be too hard to understand. First, let's look at how PCP maps to the generic monitoring system. In general, a monitoring system often has three layers and the lower layer will target collecting varieties of performance metrics data, e.g. CPU, memory, I/O, and similar data.
The second layer is responsible for the storage of data and analyzing it in real time or via a retrospective archive. Above the second layer, the uppermost layer is composed of monitoring and alarms, reporting and resource view, which are designed to react to predefined thresholds and "visualize" the results of analysis.
Fig 1. PCP 101
Like many monitoring systems, PCP has its own daemons to perform the jobs defined in the three layers. Corresponding to the first layer the Performance Metrics Collection Daemon (PMCD) coordinates the gathering and exporting of performance statistics in response to requests from the PCP monitoring tools.
After the data is collected, it can be sent to the Performance Metrics Inference Engine (PMIE) for analysis, and the data can also be archived by the Performance Metrics Logger (PMLOGGER). Furthermore, a performance dashboard of a given system can be generated with the Performance Metrics Chart (PMCHART) utility. The diagram generated by PMCHART is somewhat raw. If you need a more elegant diagram, there are other graphical options for you.
Logging Interval
Now, let's consider some questions commonly asked by customers. The first one that caught my attention is "how I can choose the logging interval?" They may say "I want to closely monitor an application, can I have it sampling every second?" The answer is yes. But is this necessary?
By default, PCP will sample and archive performance metrics data every 60 seconds. In most scenarios, this should be sufficient. As you should be aware, sar, a commonly used tool by enterprise customers, will capture metrics every 10 minutes by default.
However, when servers experience intermittent storage performance issues, we can change the sampling interval of PCP down to 10 seconds for the servers that need more detailed logging, which can be done by editing/etc/pcp/pmlogger/control (or /etc/pcp/pmlogger/control.d/local in newer PCP versions, see below) and appending -t 10s to the line for LOCALHOSTNAME, e.g.
# local primary logger
# (LOCALHOSTNAME is expanded to local: in the first column,
# and to 'hostname' in the fourth (directory) column.)
LOCALHOSTNAME y n PCP_LOG_DIR/pmlogger/LOCALHOSTNAME -r -T24h10m -c config.default -t 10s
Nevertheless, we need a reason to do that. Otherwise, it will cost system overhead unnecessarily.
System Overhead
Speaking of system overhead, here we come to another question I hear from customers: "How does PCP affect my existing systems?"
Before we go further, let's see which factors we should take into consideration while talking about system overhead of PCP:
 - The number of managed hosts
 - Frequency of logging interval (e.g. every 10 seconds)
 - Duration of historical data retention (especially who this affects disk usage)
 - The number of performance metrics monitored
 - Monitoring application performance
Without answers to the above questions, it is impossible to have an accurate assessment of the performance impact caused by PCP. The answers to these questions should be in place before the overhead of using PCP can be considered.
However, the PCP daemons are generally very lightweight in terms of computational demand; most of the (very small) CPU cost is associated with extracting performance metrics at the PCP collector system (PMCD and the PMDAs).
A local daemon consumes disk bandwidth and disk space on the PCP collector system. A remote daemon consumes disk space on the host where it is running and network bandwidth between that host and the PCP collector host. It is also worth mentioning that the archive logs typically grow at a rate of anywhere between a few kilobytes (KB) to tens of megabytes (MB) per day, depending on how many performance metrics are logged and the choice of sampling frequencies.
The archived metrics data can be found under /var/log/pcp/pmlogger/, the table here is an example from my test server:
Size (MB)
2.6 (compressed)
3.2 (compressed)
Each entry corresponds with three log files for one day. The log files will be named .meta, .index and .0, for example 20181017.meta, 20181017.index and 20181017.0. From the above table, we can see that in average the size of archive log increases by approximately 23 MB per day.
To conserve disk space, the log file .0 will be compressed and renamed to .0.xz after three days by default. And, The days before compressing log files can be specified by pmlogger_daily utility with option '-x' from /etc/cron.d/pcp-pmlogger as follows:
# Performance Co-Pilot crontab entries for a monitored site
# with one or more pmlogger instances running
# daily processing of archive logs (with compression enabled)
10 0 * * * pcp /usr/libexec/pcp/bin/pmlogger_daily -X xz -x 3
# every 30 minutes, check pmlogger instances are running
25,55 * * * * pcp /usr/libexec/pcp/bin/pmlogger_check -C
Many customers also ask: "Do you have any reference guides that contain use cases or solutions for PCP?"
Since each system is so different, it's hard to have a manual to simply lay out how to deploy it step by step. Once you answer some of the questions presented here, you can best design and deploy your own PCP monitoring solution.
About the author
In primo piano
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Bounded mean oscillation
In harmonic analysis, a function of bounded mean oscillation, also known as a BMO function, is a real-valued function whose mean oscillation is bounded (finite). The space of functions of bounded mean oscillation (BMO), is a function space that, in some precise sense, plays the same role in the theory of Hardy spaces Hp that the space L∞ of essentially bounded functions plays in the theory of Lp-spaces: it is also called John–Nirenberg space, after Fritz John and Louis Nirenberg who introduced and studied it for the first time.
- 1 Historical note
- 2 Definition
- 3 Basic properties
- 4 Generalizations and extensions
- 5 Examples
- 6 Notes
- 7 Bibliography
- 8 References
According to Nirenberg (1985, p. 703 and p. 707), the space of functions of bounded mean oscillation was introduced by John (1961, pp. 410–411) in connection with his studies of mappings from a bounded set Ω belonging to ℝn into ℝn and the corresponding problems arising from elasticity theory, precisely from the concept of elastic strain: the basic notation was introduced in a closely following paper by John & Nirenberg (1961), where several properties of this function spaces were proved. The next important step in the development of the theory was the proof by Charles Fefferman of the duality between BMO and the Hardy space H1, in the noted paper Fefferman & Stein 1972: a constructive proof of this result, introducing new methods and starting a further development of the theory, was given by Akihito Uchiyama.
- |Q| is the volume of Q, i.e. its Lebesgue measure
- uQ is the average value of u on the cube Q, i.e.
Note. The use of cubes Q in ℝn as the integration domains on which the mean oscillation is calculated, is not mandatory: Wiegerinck (2001) uses balls instead and, as remarked by Stein (1993, p. 140), in doing so a perfectly equivalent of definition of functions of bounded mean oscillation arises.
BMO functions are locally p–integrable
BMO functions are locally Lp if 0 < p < ∞, but need not be locally bounded.
BMO is a Banach space
The supremum of the mean oscillation is called the BMO norm of u and is denoted by ||u||BMO (and in some instances it is also denoted ||u||*). The function ||u||BMO becomes a norm on BMO functions after quotienting out by the constant functions (which have BMO norm 0).
Averages of adjacent cubes are comparable
As the name suggests, the mean or average of a function in BMO shouldn't oscillate very much when computing it over cubes close to each other in position and scale. To be more precise, if Q and R are dyadic cubes such that their boundaries touch and the sidelength of Q is no less than one-half the sidelength of R, then
where C>0 is some universal constant. This property is, in fact, equivalent to f being in BMO, that is, if f is a locally integrable function such that |fR-fQ|≤C for all dyadic cubes Q and R adjacent in the sense described above, then f is in BMO and its BMO norm is proportional to the constant C.
The John–Nirenberg Inequality
The John–Nirenberg Inequality is an estimate that governs how far a function of bounded mean oscillation may deviate from its average by a certain amount.
There are constants c1,c2 > 0 such that whenever f ∈ BMO(ℝn), then for any cube Q in ℝn,
Conversely, if this inequality holds over all cubes with some constant C in place of ||f||BMO, then f is in BMO with norm at most a constant times C.
A consequence: the distance in BMO to L∞
The John-Nirenberg inequality can actually give more information than just the BMO norm of a function. For a locally integrable function f, let A(f) be the infimal A>0 for which
The John–Nirenberg inequality implies that A(f)≤C||f||BMO for some universal constant C. For an L∞ function, however, the above inequality will hold for all A>0. In other words, A(f)=0 if f is in L∞. Hence the constant A(f) gives us a way of measuring how far a function in BMO is from the subspace L∞. This statement can be made more precise: there is a constant C, depending only on the dimension n, such that for any function f ∈ BMO(ℝn) the following two-sided inequality holds
Generalizations and extensions
The spaces BMOH and BMOA
When the dimension of the ambient space is 1, the space BMO can be seen as a subspace of harmonic functions on the unit disk and plays a major role in the theory of Hardy spaces: by using definition 2, it is possible to define the BMO(T) space on the unit circle as the space of functions such that
unit disk is said to belong to the Harmonic BMO or in the BMOH space if and only if it is the Poisson integral of a BMO(T) function. Therefore BMOH is the space of all functions u with the form:An Analytic function on the
equipped with the norm:
The subspace of analytic functions belonging BMOH is called the Analytic BMO space or the BMOA space.
BMOA as the dual space of H1(D)
Charles Fefferman in his original paper proved that the real BMO space is dual to the real valued harmonic Hardy space on the upper half-space ℝn×. Today in the theory of Complex and Harmonic analysis the following - modern - approach for analytic functions, is more often considered. Let Hp(D) be the Analytic Hardy space on the unit Disc. For p = 1 we identify (H1)* with BMOA by pairing f ∈H1(D) and g ∈ BMOA using the anti-linear transformation Tg
Notice that although the limit always exists for an H1 function f and Tg is an element of the dual space (H1)*, since the transformation is anti-linear, we don't have an isometric isomorphism between (H1)* and BMOA. However one can obtain an isometry if they consider a kind of space of conjugate BMOA functions.
The space VMO
The space VMO of functions of vanishing mean oscillation is the closure in BMO of the continuous functions that vanish at infinity. It can also be defined as the space of functions whose "mean oscillations" on cubes Q are not only bounded, but also tend to zero uniformly as the radius of the cube Q tends to 0 or infinity. The space VMO is a sort of Hardy space analogue of the space of continuous functions vanishing at infinity, and in particular the real valued harmonic Hardy space H1 is the dual of VMO.
The Dyadic BMO space
Let Δ denote the set of dyadic cubes in ℝn. The space dyadic BMO, written BMOd is the space of functions satisfying the same inequality as for BMO functions, only that the supremum is over all dyadic cubes. This supremum is sometimes denoted ||•||BMOd.
This space is contained in but still distinct from BMO as it depends greatly on the position of the dyadic cubes. In particular, the function log(x)χ[0,∞) is a function that is in dyadic BMO but not in BMO. However, if a function f is such that ||f(•-x)||BMOd≤C for all x in ℝn for some C>0, then by the one-third trick f is also in BMO.
Although dyadic BMO is a much narrower class than BMO, many theorems that are true for BMO are much simpler to prove for dyadic BMO, and in some cases one can recover the original BMO theorems by proving them first in the special dyadic case.
Examples of BMO functions include the following:
- All bounded (measurable) functions. If f is in L∞, then ||f||BMO≤2||f||∞: however, the converse is not true as the following example shows.
- The function log(|P|) for any polynomial P that is not identically zero: in particular, this is true also for |P(x)|=|x|.
- If w is an A∞ weight, then log(w) is BMO. Conversely, if f is BMO, then eδf is an A∞ weight for δ>0 small enough: this fact is a consequence of the John-Nirenberg Inequality.
- ^ Aside with the collected papers of Fritz John, a general reference for the theory of functions of bounded mean oscillation, with also many (short) historical notes, is the noted book by Stein (1993, chapter IV).
- ^ The paper (John 1961) just precedes the paper (John & Nirenberg 1961) in volume 14 of the Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics.
- ^ Elias Stein credits only Fefferman for the discovery of

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Food, napkins, packaging, bottles, and leftovers, among others, are part of the waste consumed daily at home. And their fate ends up being the kitchen dump, which stores them for later to be taken to landfills or dumps. The organic waste is mixed there and it is not uncommon to leave an unpleasant odor. Meet homemade ways to get the bad smell out of the bin.
It is precisely the wastebasket that can be the focus of constraints during visits of friends or relatives, because, due to the accumulation of waste and the rotation of various materials that pass through, the bad smell can persist, even with the periodic removal of garbage. For this to happen, the first step is to adopt the three rule: reduce, reuse, and recycle most of your junk. Plastic, metal, and glass can be recycled. Organic waste can go through the process of home composting or even grinding. Napkins, paper towel, and toothpicks may even go into the compost, but it is not always recommended. Already the remains of cooked meat, they end up having to go to the recycling bin.
How to Smell the Trash
- Try putting a few spoonfuls of baking soda in the bottom of the bin. The alkaline nature of baking soda will absorb unpleasant smells like those of spoiled food, for example. Take advantage to know the diverse uses of baking soda.
- If you do not want to run any risk of the unpleasant smell of the bin coming back or getting worse, add some moist wipes to the bottom of the bin near the baking soda. If you do not have baking soda, coffee grounds also serve this purpose.
- This action is appropriate for those who suffer from a very strong stench coming from the bin. Fill a spray bottle with white vinegar and spray the inside walls of your bin (if you have peroxide in your hands, apply a few drops). After that, use an old cloth to rub the vinegar into the bin. Finally, wash the inside with hot water.


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Brief communication "Calabria daily rainfall from 1970 to 2006"
Other literature type
(issn: _PHONE_, eissn: _PHONE_)
This brief communication introduces a new quality-controlled precipitation
database for Calabria, shows the precipitation trend for the period
considered, and correlates daily rainfall with some common teleconnection
patterns. The database consists of daily accumulated precipitation collected
by 61 rain gauges from 1 January 1970 to 31 December 2006.
The 37-year trend in yearly rainfall shows a decrease of 4.7 mm/y, with a
17% reduction in the yearly mean value.
The correlation of the daily rainfall with large-scale patterns shows that
the Mediterranean Oscillation Index (MOI a/c) is a useful predictor of daily
precipitation over Calabria.


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At Mystic Aquarium, a researcher holds a small drum-like object over the blow hole of a beluga whale. The little drum is actually a petri dish wrapped in nylon mesh. On command, the whale exhales and tiny droplets of moisture from the animal's breath are gathered on the mesh.
This curious interaction is part of a new collaboration between Mystic Aquarium and UConn, where researcher Tracy Romano and her team are developing new methods to test and study the physiology of marine life, with the goal of improving conservation efforts.
In assessing an animal's overall health and physiological state, the goals is to collect samples in a manner that is minimally invasive and to draw data from as few samples as possible, to avoid causing the animal distress that could obscure the results. This is where the inhabitants of Mystic Aquarium come in.
"The samples taken from beluga whales and other animals at the aquarium will serve as a baseline for comparison to animals in the wild," says Romano, associate professor-in-residence of marine sciences at UConn. "These animals are in a controlled environment, and many are trained to give samples on cue. We want to learn as much as we can about the animals in our care."
On the opposite end of the distress spectrum, samples are also gathered from animals that are in the aquarium's stranding rehabilitation program, which has been called to respond to more than 1,000 instances of stranded or beached animals.
"Stranding is perhaps the most stressful situation for these animals to be in," Romano says. "We are able to sample those animals throughout their rehabilitation, all the way until they are released."
This spectrum of samples from known stressed or non-stressed states can then be referenced by the researchers when they gather samples from animals in the wild. Although the work is largely with beluga whales, the team is also looking at animals such as turtles, penguins, sea lions, and other whales.
"We don't know what animals have been exposed to in the wild," says Romano, "but all of the [data we collect] will help in the creation of that baseline for comparison."
Samples collected from animals in the wild and from those at the aquarium are analyzed in the lab at UConn Avery Point, where the team is using a variety of molecular techniques to glean information about the animals. Samples may include a skin biopsy, feces, saliva, and feathers. Molecular analysis of these tissues yields overall health and physiological clues, such as reproductive and stress hormones and immune factors, that enable the researchers to get an idea of the types of illnesses animals have been exposed to, how well their organs are functioning, and even the progress of pregnancies.
"A lot of work has gone into developing this health assessment 'tool box'," Romano says.
As the data is consolidated, researchers can get an idea of the overall health of a population of animals, and can deduce trends. A key goal of this work is to better understand the effects humans and the changing climate are having on marine wildlife.
One of the team's major projects is with different populations of beluga whales in Alaska. The beluga population in Bristol Bay is being used as a control group to study another group of belugas, an endangered group in an area called Cook Inlet, near Anchorage.
"Everyone is very familiar with the many pressures the Arctic is under," says Romano, however, "no one is quite sure why [the Cook Inlet] population is declining and isn't recovering."
The researchers hope to help piece together the puzzle. They are working with a local Eskimo tribe called the Inupiat near Point Lay Alaska, where the local people assist the team in collecting samples from marine wildlife. The information is recorded in a database that will provide a baseline for marine species in the Arctic, even as drilling for oil increases in the region.
Romano points out that there is no such baseline for areas such as the Gulf of Mexico, "but if an oil spill happens in the Arctic we will have this data."
And on a broader level, the researchers hope that the data will help clarify the true impact human and climate are having on the health of the world's oceans, and that the knowledge gained will be used in conservation and management efforts worldwide.
By: Elaina Hancock | Story courtesy of UConn Today


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Jul 03 2012
If you are struggling to choose which female honorific is the most appropriate to address the modern woman, be sure that you are not the only one. It is not an easy question.
Below we have detailed an explanation of Mrs., Ms., and Miss that should help you to address ladies correctly.
The three nouns Mrs., Ms., and Miss appeared in the 17th century and come from the female English title Mistress which was used to refer to all women. The full stop of the abbreviations is generally used in the USA and Canada whereas in the UK the abbreviations are commonly written without any full stop.
Ms. is slightly old fashioned compared to the two other titles but has been revived in the 20th century. This English honorific is mostly used in business and public life to address a lady. This is generally used when her marital status is unknown. It is neutral regarding marital status. The plural for Ms. can be Mss. or either Mses.. You may also use the French plural "Mesdames" abbreviated Mmes.
Miss is used to refer to an unmarried woman, or girls under eighteen in some countries. Miss alone is frequently used by schoolchildren to address a female teacher no matter what her marital status is. The plural for Miss is Misses or you may use the traditional French "Mesdemoiselles".
Finally, Mrs. is strictly used to refer to a married woman. For the plural you can use the French plural "Mesdames" abbreviated Mmes like for Ms.
Some women may have a preference for Ms., Miss, or Mrs. and if a woman has a professional title, it is more appropriate to use that title such as Doctor, Professor, or Captain instead of Ms., Miss, or Mrs.
So what is your favorite Mrs., Ms., and Miss?
STAR Translation Services

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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"Clementine had a zest for political life second to none"
As it happened, Clementine Richard Attlee, 1st Earl Attlee, WHA, TI, STT, HIS (3 January 1883 – 8 October 1967) was a British politician, who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1951, and leader of the Labour Party from 1935 to 1955. Attlee is often described as the first British Prime Minister to be part fruit, but this is incorrect as William Gladstone was 3/8ths kumquat, whilst recent research has revealed that Benjamin Disraeli to have a little fruit in him which he chose to hide from public knowledge as that sort of thing could get you hung back then.
Attlee was born in Putney, London, England, into a middle-class family, the seventh of a punnet of eight children. His father was Henry Attlee (1841–1908) who was a solicitor, whilst his mother was a mandarin orange (1847–1920). He was educated at Bramley School, Ribston Pippin and St Mango's University College, Oxford, where he graduated with a Second Class Honours MA in Modern Fructarianism in 1904.
Attlee first came into the public conciousness in a 1893 edition of the Daily Mail which focused on children named after fruit, a popular and widespread craze amongst the Victorians for a number of decades. The piece featured the ten year old Clementine, who already had a keen interest in the world of politics as well as a fondness for dressing up. Unlike the other children featured within the article, such as Apples Tompkins, Banana O'Flaherty and Peachie Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Attlee was the only one who was actually part fruit.
Marriage and children
Suggestions that Clementine was a fruit were squashed when he met Violet Tangerine on a trip to Italy in 1921. Within a few weeks of their return the pear were engaged and married on January 10, 1922 following a ceremony spoken entirely in Mandarin. Theirs would be a devoted marriage until she died in 1964 from consumption. The couple had four children: Lady Satsuma Helen (b. 1923), Lady Tangor Ann (_PHONE_), Martin, 2nd Earl Clementine (_PHONE_) and Lady Mikan Elizabeth (b. 1930). The procreation was met with wholesale surprise as Clementine was assumed to be seedless.
Attlee became involved in local politics in the immediate post-war period, becoming mayor of the Metropolitan Borough of Stepney in 1919.
Whilst being mayor in 1920 he put his creative juices onto paper with his first book "The Social Squeeze". This work set out many of the principles which underlay his political philosophy, and which underlay the actions of his government in latter years. The book attacked the idea that drinks made from diluted concentrate were an adequate replacement to that made from freshly prepared citrus products. He wrote that:
|Orange cordial is a cold grey loveless thing. If a man wants to provide a truly refreshing drink he should gladly use real citrus fruit, not dole out cordial on a whim.|
He went on to write:
|In a civilised community, although it may be composed of self reliant individuals, there will be some persons who will be unable at some period of their lives to obtain all their necessary vitamins and minerals, and the question of what is to happen to them may be solved in three ways - they may be neglected, they may be given a nutritious, enjoyable, freshly squeezed citrus drink, or they may drink cordial and take vitamin supplements. The first way is intolerable, and as for the third: Drinking cordial is not possible without loss of taste and freshness between equals. A right established by law, such as that to an old age pension, is less galling than an allowance given by vitamin supplements, dependent on his view of the recipient's character, and terminable at his caprice.|
Thanks to Attlee's involvement in the fresh vs concentrate debate it became possible for large scale production of non-dilute citrus drinks to begin. The increased availability allowed that for the first time the masses as a whole to were able to enjoy a really satisfying, refreshing drink regardless of class, gender or personal circumstance.
He strongly supported the addition of sliced lemons to non-citrus drinks led by George Lansbury in 1921. This put him into conflict with many leaders of the London Labour Party including Herbert Morrison who supported the addition of olives and umbrellas.
Member of Parliament
At the United Kingdom general election, 1922, Attlee became MP for the constituency of Limehouse in Stepney. His first taste of ministerial office came in 1924, when he served as Under-Secretary of fruit in the short-lived first Labour government, run by Macdonalds. In the years that would follow, Attlee would squeeze out his competitors and would serve as acting leader for nine months from December 1933 due to then leader George Lansbury fracturing his thigh after slipping on a banana skin. During this period, he felt the financial squeeze and was almost forced to quit politics, as his wife was ill, and as Leader of the Opposition he was paid peanuts. He was persuaded to stay on, however, by Stafford Cripps, a wealthy socialist who agreed to pay him an additional celery.
Like most Labour MPs (in concert with the Liberal Party) Attlee opposed rearmament in the interwar period, a position criticised by Winston Churchill in his book "What the hell are you idiots talking about, the bosh are total fucking nutters and some serious shit is going to kick off".
When war broke out in September 1939 an attempt to repel the Germans by throwing rotten tomatoes failed in Norway, resulting in a motion of no confidence in the government of Neville Chamberlain. A coalition government was formed between Labour and the Liberals which would be led by Winston Churchill. Churchill never really did get the smug look off his face afterwards.
Only Attlee and Churchill remained in the war cabinet throughout World War II. Attlee was Lord Privy Orange (1940–1942), Deputy Prime fruit (1942–1945), Avocado Secretary (1942–1943), and Lord President of the Limes (1943–1945).
During the war rationing had limited the availability of truly fresh thirst quenchers, leading the public to require a profound change in how fruit products were distributed. This mood was epitomised in the Beverage Report. The report assumed that the maintenance of full freshness would be the aim of postwar governments.
All major parties were committed to this aim, but perhaps Attlee and Labour were seen by the electorate as the best candidates to follow through with the programme. The landslide 1945 Election saw Labour sweep to power and Attlee become Prime Minister.
Clementine lived to the ripe old age of 84. His death was a sad loss to the many who admired him, especially Percy Montrose who released the song "Oh My Darling, Mr Attlee" to commemorate his life.
- Mr. Chamberlain's Budget was the natural expression of the character of the present Government. There was hardly any increase allowed for the services which went to build up the life of the people, education and health. Everything was devoted to piling up the instruments of death. The Chancellor expressed great regret that he should have to spend so much on armaments, but said that it was absolutely necessary and was due only to the actions of other nations. One would think to listen to him that the Government had no responsibility for the state of world affairs.
- Shurrup, fruitboy.
- ↑ Honest.
- ↑ This is the famous Scotch Egg and Whisky Burger brothers, James and Ramsay Macdonald. Just to make clear.
- ↑ Winston Churchill's wife was also called Clementine. He was to say in his war diaries I Did The War My Way that sleeping and working with 'The Clementines' made him permanently fruity during the war.


text:
Emily Riehl: Arrow induction and the dependent Yoneda lemma
Time: Tue 2022-01-11 15.15 - 17.00
Location: Zoom, meeting ID: _PHONE_
Video link: _URL_
Participating: Emily Riehl (Johns Hopkins University)
Abstract: This talk aims to convey why I am excited about the potential of some variant of homotopy type theory as a foundation for higher category theory. This will be illustrated by a case study involving the Yoneda lemma for \((\infty,1)\)-categories. In homotopy type theory, the contractibility of the based path space is expressed by the principle of "path induction," which says that identity types are freely generated by reflexivity terms. By an analogy in which arrows in an \((\infty,1)\)-category are thought of as directed paths, there is an analogous principle of "arrow induction," which says that hom types are freely generated by identity arrows. We explain how this unravels to a "dependent" generalization of the Yoneda lemma. This involves joint work with Dominic Verity and Mike Shulman.


text:
HomeLight's algorithm uses transaction data to match buyers and sellers with real estate agents.
To maximize your chances of receiving referrals, you will need to ensure that your past 1-3 years of transaction history is uploaded and verified.
There are two ways to add transactions:
- If you have several transactions to add, we recommend using the upload spreadsheet tool.
- If you have a small number of transactions to add, you can add each of your transactions individually through the single transaction tool.
Once signed in, click here to upload your transactions.
Regardless of which method you use, keep in mind the following:
- We ask that you only upload residential sales transactions. You should not add rental, commercial, or land transactions.
- You'll need to provide supporting evidence that our team can use to cross-verify the transaction data you add. Verification examples could include a link to your sold listings on the MLS, your personal website, or a screenshot or PDF of your production report.
Bulk Uploading Transactions to HomeLight
To get started, you will need to gather the required information. Each transaction requires the following details:
- Which side of the transaction you represented (buyer, seller or both)
- Property type
- Full Property Address
- Original Listing Date and Price
- Selling Date and Price
Note: If you are licensed in a nondisclosure state, this information is still required, but will not be displayed publicly.
Once you have gathered the required information, download the template spreadsheet. This is the spreadsheet you will use to compile all of your transactions.
- The template spreadsheet contains a header row. Do not make any changes to this row or any of its contents.
- Next, begin entering your transaction data. Ensure that you don't skip any rows and all fields are formatted correctly.
- Columns A through K are required for each transaction. The remaining columns are optional, but you must leave the header rows intact. You are encouraged to fill out as many of the columns as possible.
- Once you are done, save the file in CSV format.
Use the "Upload spreadsheet" button to upload the file. You'll also be required to upload your verification evidence.
Uploading Single Transactions to HomeLight
To add a single transaction to HomeLight, click the "Single Transaction" button.
Simply fill out the form with the required information, then provide a link to your verification source or upload a verification file.
If there are any problems with the spreadsheet or verification you provided, you will receive an email with further details. Otherwise, you will receive a confirmation email letting you know that your transactions have been successfully verified. Once your transactions are verified, they will immediately be included in our referral matching algorithm.
Questions? Submit a support request here.


Chemical Spillage! Is your response reactive or proactive?
When a substance is spilled, someone has to clear it up; either the person who spilt it or possibly a trained response team. Whoever it is, are they prepared or do they merely react to the situation?
A spillage is, at least, an inconvenience; when the quantity is small or the substance is not very hazardous, people don't think twice about dealing with the problem. But what happens if the substance is around 500 litres of something highly flammable, toxic or corrosive?
Preparation, planning and training are the key to reaching an effective and efficient response. Do you have a spill response plan and how well does it work?
Chemical Spill Response is a one-day training course presented by NCEC – the UK's National Chemical Emergency Centre.
The aim of the course is to provide the knowledge to those working with chemicals to be able identify the hazards and determine the risks associated with a spillage and to provide a framework on which to build an effective spill response plan.
For more information, or to register your interest, please contact us either via our website or telephone 0870 _PHONE_.


text:
Pronunciation: (di-klām'), [key]
1. to speak aloud in an oratorical manner; make a formal speech: Brutus declaimed from the steps of the Roman senate building.
2. to inveigh (usually fol. by against): He declaimed against the high rents in slums.
3. to speak or write for oratorical effect, as without sincerity or sound argument.
to utter aloud in an oratorical manner: to declaim a speech.
Random House Unabridged Dictionary, Copyright © 1997, by Random House, Inc., on Infoplease.


text: The Crimson-crested Woodpecker (Campephilus melanoleucos) is the most widespread species of Campephilus, occurring regularly from Panama south to northern Argentina, including across the Guianan Shield and throughout Amazonia. It is a very large, robust woodpecker with a large red crest. The Crimson-crested Woodpecker is found in a variety of habitats, from forest to forest edge and light woodland. It usually occurs in pairs or family groups and can be quite noisy. This woodpecker is very similar in appearance to the Lineated Woodpecker. The main difference is broad white band across the face and the converging, "V" white stripes on the back of the Crimson-crested Woodpecker as the stripes on the back of the Lineated do not converge.


text:
A bottle with ethanol vapor is touched with a spark, which blows the cork off the bottle. This simulates how a car's combustion engine works.
This is the same way a spark plug works. The spark ignites the fuel in the chamber and causes an explosion, which increases the pressure in the bottle and blows off the cork.
The ethanol vapor explosion demonstrates that things expand when they get hot. However, instead of just being heated, the ethanol actually burns. Ethanol is a kind of alcohol made from plants. When something burns, it changes from one chemical to another. When ethanol burns, it mixes with oxygen in the air to make water vapor and carbon dioxide.
A little bit of ethanol is put inside a bottle and then the top is sealed with a cork. Two screws are in the sides of the bottle so that there points almost touch. The bottle must first be shaken so the ethanol evaporates and mixes thoroughly with the oxygen inside. This makes it burn faster. To ignite the engine, we need some energy, which we get from a high voltage sparker. (See the section on Tesla Coils for how the sparker works.) Eventually, a spark jumps between the points of the screws inside the bottle. The spark ignites the ethanol, which burns very quickly. As it burns, it changes to the hot gases carbon dioxide and water vapor. The heat of the burning makes them expand, causing an explosion. This blows the cork off the bottle.
You may know that cars run on ethanol instead of gasoline. A car engine works the same way as the exploding bottle. Gasoline or ethanol comes into the engine and mixes with oxygen. A spark from the spark plug lights the mixture causing an explosion. This forces the piston out, like the cork in the bottle. The pistons are attached to the wheels, which turn to make the car go. The explosion in the bottle is like a one cylinder car engine.


text:
The Benefits of Show and Tell in Early Childhood
It's time for your little ones to start bringing their favorite items to school for Show and Tell. Parents remember when they brought in interesting items for Show and Tell and of course, the world has changed but there are still some interesting items kids can bring in to share with the class. There are fossil formations in stones, geodes, crystals, their favorite toy, an experiment they can do, something they made, posters, etc. There are many great benefits of Show and Tell when kids are first starting school. Each teacher does things differently. Some make their students Star of the week and include a Show and Tell day and younger students also have a schedule on when it's their turn for Show and Tell. Some teachers might pick a certain day of the week for Show and Tell and assign so many students for their presentations. Whatever the case may be, make sure you as parents pay attention to when it's your child's turn for Show and Tell so they are prepared.
Learning about themselves
There are many benefits of Show and Tell for young children. They can teach the teacher and other students something about themselves and their likes and interests. They also are able to learn how to begin public speaking and shed some of the shyness they might be experiencing as a child being away from home and talking in front of people other than their families. This is a good start for kids because as they proceed in life and pass into each grade, there will be more and more time that will be allowed for them to give presentations and tell the class what they found with the topic they had as homework.
Boosting the child's confidence
Show and Tell also helps build a young child's confidence when they have the attention of the class as they are talking about what they chose as their item for Show and Tell. They will gain the respect of their peers and this will help them become a team player when it comes to different projects that they will work on throughout the year.
Learning to communicate
Show and tell also helps children to use eye contact when they are presenting their item to the other students. They learn how to look around the room and make sure all their new friends are listening to them when they are talking. This, in turn, teaches them that they have to offer the same respect and listen to other students when they present their item on their day of Show and Tell.
In addition, this also helps children learn how to project their voices so the whole class can hear what they are talking about. It's very critical that young children learn how to talk loud enough so their peers can hear what they are talking about. After all, the item they are presenting probably is going to be very interesting and will help the other students learn something they didn't know before.
Boost their critical thinking skills
Kids also learn about using their critical thinking skills because they have to remember and rehearse at home before they come to school to present their Show and Tell project. Critical thinking skills started to become popular in the late '90s, early part of the 21st century. The skill started becoming popular in online colleges and students who chose to go to school at night. This skill is now started as young as the first few years of school for students so they learn how to think before they speak and choose their words correctly in order for the rest of the class and their teacher to understand what they are portraying.
Your children are also going to look up to their parents for help with the selection of a topic about something that will catch the class's attention. For instance, if your child caught a caterpillar in late summer and it spun a cocoon, this would teach the class about the cycles of a caterpillar turning into either a butterfly or a moth. In spring, when the cocoon breaks open and the wings are drying, your child could always bring the moth or butterfly back to school and the kids would see how the cycle of the caterpillar transgressed into a really colorful and beautiful moth or butterfly. This is also a good time for parents to spend with their child and bond with them when the decision arises on what to bring for Show and Tell or Student of the Week when Show and Tell is usually included in the title.
It's always fun watching a young child grow and learn how to speak in front of their class when they are only little tots. They find great enjoyment when they have the chance to be the center of attention and this will bring parents great happiness as well. It's also a good experience for all to watch your child gain that confidence that they need to flourish in their young lives in order to become successful adults. If your family is from another culture or has a different ethnicity, encourage your children to share with the class what types of food they enjoy or what kind of holidays they celebrate that are a bit different from their peers. Teachers and students alike love to hear about other parts of the country and the world.
If you and your family just moved from another area of the country where there is an ocean or mountains, have your child bring in some cool shells or pictures of the beautiful mountains in the area that you moved from. There are an abundance of ideas and benefits from the opportunity of Show and Tell in the school systems. It offers the kids a reprieve from their studies and allows them time to get to know each other and also their teacher. These are the benefits of Show and Tell and this project has been going on for more than 60 years so children, parents, and grandparents have all had the opportunity to be able to bring in their favorite items for Show and Tell.


var
# prints Hello World
puts $var
# prints 2
Tcl allows you to pass arguments by reference through the use of the upvar command. The format
of the upvar command is as follows:
upvar ?? ? ...?
The is the name of the variable outside the local scope while is the variable
name that will be used to refer to that variable locally. can be a variable, an array, or an
array element.
Note You will need to use passing by reference to pass array information to a procedure. Array
values can not be passed as procedure arguments. Keyed lists should also be passed by reference.
For example:
# Set a variable in the caller's scope
proc myset {varname} {
upvar 1 $varname localvar
set localvar 2
}
expect4.2> info exists myvar
0
expect4.3> myset myvar
2
expect4.4> info exists myvar
1
expect4.5> puts $myvar
2
Notice that rather than passing the contents of variable "myvar" to "myset", the name of the variable
is passed. The "myset" procedure then uses the upvar command to map a local variable name,
localvar, to myvar in the callers stack.
The option allows you to specify the level at which the variable exists that you are
referencing. By default, upvar references the callers stack level. You can modify the referenced
levels using two formats:
You'll typically allow the to default to "1". The following example produces similar effects
to the global command:
upvar #0 global_var myvar
This maps the local variable "myvar" to the variable "global_var" at global level.
Essentially, upvar aliases a variable in a different scope to a local variable.
Note It's recommended that you always specify the level, as it can run into problems if the variable
name begins with a digit or # sign. It's also recommended to use the same variable names for
otherVar and myVar, except that otherVar has underscore before it. This makes it easier to associate
the two variables
Using the "uplevel" command
The uplevel command is used to execute code outside
the scope of a procedure.
Syntax:
uplevel ?? \
?? ...
By default, is the caller's stack level, "1".
uplevel [n] ... References the level stacks down
uplevel [#n] ... References level
Returns the result of executing the command.
Examples:
uplevel info vars
uplevel #0 info vars
– Results in an error when executed at the command prompt.
Using the "uplevel" Command
Executing Code Outside Your Scope—The uplevel command can be used to execute code outside
the scope of a procedure. This command accepts a variable number of arguments: an optional level
at which to execute the code and the command to execute with its arguments. uplevel returns the
result from executing the command. For example:
# Show the variable in the caller's stack
uplevel info vars
# Show the variables at global level
uplevel #0 info vars
The "test_config" procedure used to organize test scripts uses the uplevel command to remove its
own stack level as in:
proc test_config {args} {
uplevel eval $args
}
Thursday, August 16, 2012
FTP
1. What is FTP Used for?
FTP is used to transfer files over a network.
2. Does FTP use TCP or UDP as it's transport layer protocol?
TCP
3. Which is one FTP Server you have installed?
Window 2003 /Windows XP/ Ubuntu
4. Which FTP command is used to upload and download files from the client to the server?
PUT and GET
5. How many TCP 3 way connections are established between the FTP client and the server before data can be exchanged
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Which command can the FTP client use to download a file from the FTP server
a) get
b) put
c) mkdir
d) None of these
In Active FTP, which of the devices would send the PORT command
a) FTP client
b) FTP Server
c) Switch
d) PORT command is used only on the internet
Where should the type of FTP (Active or Passive) be configured
a) FTP Server
b) FTP Client
c) FTP Client and FTP Server
d) None of the above
If the client and the server is configured for passive FTP, which device would initiate the TCP data connection
a) FTP Client
b) FTP Server
c) Switch
d) None of the above
What information is not available in the PORT command
a) Port number to which the TCP connection is to be initiated
b) IP address to which the TCP connection is to be initiated
c) IP address of the switch
d) None of the above
What would be the TCP source port number which would be used by the FTP client to initiate the control connection
a) dynamic port number
b) 21
c) 20
d) A registered port number
When is the FTP PORT command sent?
a) After the control connection is established
b) After the data connection is established
c) After the data is exchanged
d) Before the control connection is established
If the FTP Server is configured for anonymous access, which TCP connections for establishing the FTP connection can be avoided.
a) FTP Control connection
b) FTP Data connection
c) Both control and data connection would be used irrespective of the access type
d) FTP anonymous connection
Internet Troubleshooting
Problem: The user on PC1 is unable to access an internet.
Network Troubleshooting tips:
1. Verify the link and cable with PC1 and the switch.
2. Verify that the configured IP address on PC1 is valid.
2. Test connectivity with PC2, issue a ping
3. Test the connectivity with the router from PC1, which is the default gateway, issue a ping.
4. Ensure that the default gateway and DNS server IP address is configured on PC1.
5. Ensure that the DNS server IP address configured on PC1 is reachable. Issue a ping to the DNS server from PC1
6. Verify that the internet link of the router is up.
7. Ensure that the router has received a public IP address from the ISP.
8. Ensure that the default gateway IP address of the router is reachable from the router, Issue a ping from the router's console.
9. Verify NAT (Network address translation) configuration on the router.
Remote Connectivity.
Refer the exhibit above:
PC2 is located in UK and has a public IP address assigned by the respective ISP. The ADSL router in India also has a public IP address from the respective ISP in India. The ADSL router is configured for PAT (Port address translation). PC1 has a private IP address and has a Web Server enabled.
Questions
1. What should be done in the above configuration so that the web server on PC1 is accessible to PC2.
2. What would be the source IP address of an IP packet which sends data from PC1 to PC2 when it reaches PC2.
3. Should PC1 have a public IP address for it to be accessible by PC2.
4. How does an IP packet initiated from PC1 reach PC2.
5. How does PC2 know the IP address to reach PC1
Answers
1. The router should be configured for port-forwarding feature. The internal IP address of PC1 should be mapped to correct port; In this case, the web server port which is TCP port 80
2. The source IP address of the IP packet would be the routers public IP address. This is because the private IP address of PC1 would be translated at the router's interface before it exits the router.
3. It is not necessary for PC1 to have a public IP address. Port forwarding can be configured for the internal private IP address.
4. The IP packet initiated from PC1 to PC2 would be send to the router. On the router, PAT would be applied on the IP packet, which would translate the source IP address in the IP packet. After this process, the default route on the router would forward the packet to it's default gateway, which would then forward to it's gateway and ultimately the packet would reach the destination. (PC2)
5. In the above scenario, PC1 has a private IP address. So PC2 would need to know the IP address of the ADSL router which would then forward the packet to PC1 since port forwarding is configured on it.
What is the difference between NAT and Proxy Server
Take a scenario where there are two organizations. Organization 1 has an internet connection, which is shared by the users of the organization with a NAT device. Organization 2 has an internet connection, which is shared by the users of the organization by a proxy server. Let's understand what happens in both the scenarios.
Assume that the default gateway address of the TCP/IP adapter setting of the users PC is configured with the IP address of the NAT device. At organization 1, when a user attempts to access a device on the internet through any protocol like HTTP, FTP, Ping, Telnet etc, the IP packet carrying the traffic would be sent to the default gateway and NAT applied on the packet. When NAT is applied, the source IP address of the IP packet generated by the user would be re-


How does First to File affect multiple inventors?
How does first to file affect multiple inventors?
It used to be that if an author/inventor was not listed on the patent the author could lose the patent rights due to the multiple inventor rule.
For example, Advanced Magnetic Closures, Inc. v. Rome Fasteners Corp., 607 F.3d 817 (Fed. Cir. 2010).
Posted 2015-04-17T17:51:51.683
Reputation: 141
1entire case was misrepresentation by inventor and not allowing the original inventor its right. first to file is something different, good question we need some time to comeup with quality answer. – Pushpak – 2015-04-18T11:25:09.380
First to File doesn't have any impact.
Magnetic Closures was about inequitable conduct, effectively deliberately lying to the Patent Office about the inventorship of an application. Inequitable conduct can invalidate a patent. This rule hasn't changed.
Another part of the AIA did impact inventorship, and made correction of inventorship simpler: However, this doesn't enable correction of inventorship where the initial false claim was deliberate.
Posted 2015-04-17T17:51:51.683
Reputation: 166


How Prairie Winds Affect Wood Trusses in Kansas
prairie winds in Kansas
Storm Clouds SaskatchewanKansas is notorious for its prairie winds. Engineers have always had to take these winds into account when designing structures across the state.
Prairie winds can be downright dangerous if you're working with the wrong building materials.
Every day, truss designers need to take a variety of factors into account when building for the prairie winds in Kansas. Here are some important things to know about how truss systems are affected by Kansas prairie winds:
Truss builders need to calculate wind pressures using two blended methods
There are two broad ways to calculate wind pressures: Main Wind Force Resisting System (MWFRS) and Components & Cladding (C&C).
MWFRS applies to a structural frame or an assembly of structural elements that work together to transfer wind loads to the ground.
C&C applies to components that directly receive wind loads – like wall coverings, roof coverings, fasteners, and girts. Components and Cladding are typically exposed to higher wind pressures than MWFRS elements.
Trusses fall into both categories. Thus, the industry-standard practice is to design the truss to handle both MWFRS loads and C&C loads.
Truss builders need to consult wind maps to identify correct wind speeds
Building codes typically require the use of a 90-mph wind speed for inland areas of the United States. However, you'll need to consult local wind maps and government building codes for region-specific information.
Experienced builders don't settle with just the 90-mph wind speed standard. Experienced builders increase the durability to handle wind speeds around 100 and 110 mph. With wood trusses in Kansas, increases wind speed durability is a major consideration. All trusses must be designed to withstand substantial wind, more than the average structure.
Building usage affects wind pressure calculations
Buildings fall into a number of different usage categories. Specifically, there are three broad categories of building usages:
-Category I: A building that will have a low hazard to human life if it fails
-Category II: A building that presents a substantial hazard to human life if it fails
-Category III and IV: Buildings that are critical facilities or present a substantial hazard to human life in the event of a failure.
Different building exposures affect truss design
Buildings located on empty, flat land are more affected by wind pressure than buildings surrounded by trees and other buildings.
Building codes classify these buildings in four different ways:
Exposure A: Buildings located in downtown areas or city centers.
Exposure B: Urban and suburban buildings that are surrounded by similar-sized buildings and trees.
Exposure C: Buildings in an open area with scattered obstructions.
Exposure D: A building exposed to unobstructed wind for at least one mile over flat land.
Good truss builders take all of these factors into account
Ultimately, truss builders have a lot of responsibility. In Kansas, flat plains let wind travel unobstructed for hundreds of miles. Rural buildings and even many suburban buildings are rarely protected against substantial wind.
To take truss manufacturing to the next level, Timberlake TrussWorks builds wood trusses capable of withstanding strong winds. The key to a sound structure requires the builder to guarantee trusses are fastened tightly against the wall. This is accomplished by installing TimberLOK Screws, which we happily provide.
These screws are hurricane ties – able to withstand the brunt force of harsh winds caused by severe storms. TimberLOK Screws keep trusses and roofs stable and secure during harsh weather conditions experienced on the plains of Kansas.
If you're shopping for wood trusses in Kansas, then you can't settle for average. Kansas's prairie winds chew up average wood trusses and quickly reduce the lifespan of structures. If you're looking for wood trusses in Kansas that offer a higher level of quality and longer-lasting support, then order from Timberlake TrussWorks today.
Related Posts


text:
Perceptions of the concept of sustainable development among Russian and Swedish students
The ambition for Education for Sustainabl Development (ESD),to integrat the principles, values,and practices of sustainable development into all aspects of education and learning is a huge undertaking. The aim of this study is to compare how this concept is being implemented and interpreted in Russian and Swedish schools.The study has been carried out using a combination of questionnaires,interviews and literature analysis. The results show that relatively few of the Russian students (29%)had heard about the concept of sustainable development while a majority of the Swedish students (75%)claimed to have heard about the concept. The general understanding of the concept seem to be rather low both in Russia and Sweden. Just a few of the students expressed that they had a feeling of the meaning of the concept sustainabl development. The results also show that the Russian and Swedish students share many values and priorities. However there are som areas where priorities differ. Russian students rank economical goals like high economical growth and emphasis on fighting economical inequalities higher than their Swedish counterparts. Both the Russian and Swedish students images of the future and their own capability of influencing the future development tend to be optimistic. The Russian students tend to be more optimistic about the future than the Swedish students. The Swedish students, however, seem to be more confident that they personally can influenc what happens with the environment. The conclusion is that if the ambition really is to integrat ESD as a natural part of the educational system clearer mandates and more recourses will be needed. More efforts have also to be put into the inclusion of more actors in the process, both on local and national level.
Source Type:Master's Thesis
Keywords:environmental education for sustainable development russia sweden
Date of Publication:04/25/2007


Bernard Knight
Bernard Henry Knight, (born 3 May 1931) is a British forensic pathologist and writer. He became a Home Office pathologist in 1965 and was appointed Professor of Forensic Pathology, University of Wales College of Medicine, in 1980.
He has been writing since before 1963, when his first crime novel was published. Since then, he has written about thirty books, including contemporary crime fiction, historical novels about Wales, biography, non-fiction popular works on forensic medicine, twelve medico-legal textbooks and the humorous Crowner John Mysteries series of 12th-century historical mysteries.
In addition, he has written scripts for radio and television dramas and documentaries, including the forensic series The Expert starring Marius Goring, in the 1970s. He has contributed to many other textbooks and has edited several medical journals - he was Managing Editor of Elsevier's Forensic Science International, the leading international publication in the field.
He is a founder member of The Medieval Murderers, a select group of historical crime-writers within the Crime Writers' Association, who give presentations at literary festivals, libraries and bookshops, to promote their work amongst the public. He is also one of the non-fiction judges for the annual 'Dagger' Awards of the Crime Writers' Association and a regular reviewer of crime books for the Internet site Tangled Web.


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(CMIS) Part of the OSI body of network standards.
Network management information services are used by peer processes to exchange information and commands for the purpose of network management. CMIS defines a message set (GET, CANCEL-GET, SET, CREATE, DELETE, EVENT-REPORT and ACTION), and the structure and content of the messages such that they might be used by "open" systems. In concept, it is similar to SNMP, but more powerful (and hence more complex).
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Nearby terms: Common LISP Object System « CommonLoops « Common Management Information Protocol « Common Management Information Services » Common Object File Format » Common Object Model » Common Object Request Broker Architecture


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People usually begin new jobs with great expectations. But the enthusiasm can fade long before managers are aware problems exist. One way to minimize the disillusionment, says Andy Plata, CEO of Computer Output Printing Inc. (COPI), a 23-employee laser printing specialist in Houston, is to develop ways of staying in touch with your workers.
His approach: have new employees write him letters.
Before new people come to work at COPI, Plata and his managers ask them to write a letter to management about why they've chosen to work there. After the first week they're asked to write another letter describing "what they hope to accomplish at COPI and what contributions they feel they can make."
Seven weeks later they write a third letter detailing their progress. "We want to know if they're still turned on," says Plata. The letters become the focal point of managers' discussions about employee goals and how work relations can be improved.
He thinks new employees have adjusted to working at COPI more easily since he came up with the idea two years ago. "It helps us determine early how a person likes to work and what he or she needs from us."


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Avoiding Data Loss in Thread Communication
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Avoiding Data Loss in Thread Communication
Contents
 - 1 - Problem
 - 2 - Solution
 - 3 - Program
 - 3.1 - Buffer
 - 3.2 - Development
 - 3.2.1 - Buffer Creation
 - 3.2.2 - Write in the Buffer
 - 3.2.3 - Read from the Buffer
 - 3.2.4 - Create Nodes
 - 3.2.5 - Delete the Buffer
 - 4 - Test
 - 5 - Makefile
1 - Problem
Suppose you have a device that makes readings and sends them to a computer through, for instance, a socket. If between two readings the computer has to do some calculations it is possible that, when the rate of the communication is higher, some data will be lost on the computer side.
Socket.jpg
2 - Solution
To solve this situation, you can create a thread in the computer side witch only task is to take the data out of the socket and put it in a buffer where the main program will go read it as soon as he is able to. Besides, as you don't know witch is the best length for the buffer, it will be even better if the buffer can grow as it is needed.
Thread.jpg
3 - Program
3.1 - Buffer
The buffer is a ring of a variable number of nodes each one with the following constitution:
 - A pointer to the next node in the ring
 - A pointer to a cell of fixed length where an item of data is stored
 - A character witch indicates the last operation done in the cell, a reading or a writing
Besides the nodes it also has a control structure, called "Ring", witch has the following constitution:
 - A pointer to the last read node
 - A pointer to the last wrote node
 - The number of nodes in the buffer
 - The size in bytes of the cell
Ring.jpg
3.2 - Development
The program developed consists of the necessary functions to:
 - Create the buffer
 - Write in the buffer
 - Read from the buffer
 - Add more space to the buffer
 - Delete the buffer
3.2.1 - Buffer Creation
To create the buffer you use the following function:
void ring_init(ring_struct *ring, int cell_size)
{
 node_struct *fst = NULL, *lst = NULL;
 ring_create_nodes(NODES_ON_INIT, cell_size, &fst, &lst);
 ring->r = ring->w = lst->nxt = fst;

 ring->node_num =
NODES_ON_INIT;
 ring->cell_size = cell_size;
}
It begins by allocating NODES_ON_INIT nodes, then adjusts the pointers in the ring structure and makes the last created node to point at the first and finally fills the remaining of the ring structure.
3.2.2 - Write in the Buffer
The following function is used when it is needed to write in the buffer:
int ring_write(ring_struct *ring, void *cell_source)
{
 node_struct *fst = NULL, *lst = NULL;
 if(ring->w->nxt->status == 'r')
 {
 ring->w = ring->w->nxt;
 memmove(ring->w->cell, cell_source,
ring->cell_size);
 ring->w->status = 'w';
 }
 else
 {
 ring->node_num += NODES_ON_ADD;
 if((NODES_MAX_NUM != 0) && (ring->node_num
> NODES_MAX_NUM))
 return(-1);
 ring_create_nodes(NODES_ON_ADD,
ring->cell_size, &fst, &lst);
 lst->nxt = ring->w->nxt;
 ring->w->nxt = fst;
 ring_write(ring, cell_source);
 }
 return(0);
}
Here you can find two situations, the next node is marked as read or it is marked as wrote. In the former case there is no problem of writing over it, in the second case if you write over it you are loosing data because that node was not read yet.
As sought, in the former case you point to the next node, copy the data into the cell and mark the node as wrote. In the second case there are a few more steps to take. In order to write more data you are going to make the buffer bigger by adding to it some mode nodes. First because the buffer could be configured with a maximum size you ask if with the nodes you are about to add you don't reach that size yet. If it is ok you call the function that creates the nodes to add more NODES_ON_ADD nodes witch are created with the read flag, adjust the pointers and the function call itself because now the next node is already marked as read.
3.2.3 - Read from the Buffer
To read from the buffer you use the following function:
int
ring_read(ring_struct *ring, void *cell_dest)
{
 if(ring->r->nxt->status == 'r')
 return(0);
 else
 {
 ring->r = ring->r->nxt;
 memmove(cell_dest, ring->r->cell,
ring->cell_size);
 ring->r->status = 'r';
 return(1);
 }
}
Here you ask again if the next node is marked as read or as wrote. In the former case there is nothing to read because all cells are marked with read. If it is marked as wrote then you can make a reading by copying the contents of the cell, adjusting the pointers and marking the node as read.
3.2.4 - Create Nodes
The simple but more complex function is to create nodes. The code to do that is:
void ring_create_nodes(int n, int cell_size, node_struct **fst,
node_struct **lst)
{
 int i;
 node_struct *node = NULL, *ptr = NULL;
 for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
 {
 node = (node_struct *)
malloc(sizeof(node_struct));
 if(!node)

ring_error_and_exit((char *) "Error in 'malloc' for 'node'");
 node->status = 'r';
 node->cell = malloc(cell_size);
 if(!node->cell)

ring_error_and_exit((char *) "Error in 'malloc' for 'cell'");
 if(!i)
 {
 *lst = node;
 node->nxt =
NULL;
 }
 else
 node->nxt =
ptr;
 ptr = node;
 }
 *fst = node;
}
The goal here is to create a finite number of nodes connected between them and with the first and last node opened. For that you create a cycle that, for the number of nodes that you want to create, begins by allocating space for the node, for the cell, marking the node as read and connecting it to the last created node. If it is the first node to be created (it will be the last in the queue because the queue grows to the back) it will point to NULL and the argument LST witch must points to the last node, will point to it. Finally the argument FST, that must point to the first node in the queue, points to the last created node.
3.2.5 - Delete the Buffer
When there is no more need for the buffer you must delete it. To do so you use the following code:
void ring_free(ring_struct *ring)
{
 node_struct *fst = NULL, *del = NULL;
 fst = ring->w;
 while(1)
 {
 del = ring->w;
 ring->w = del->nxt;
 free(del->cell);
 free(del);
 if(ring->w == fst)
 break;
 }
}
You begin by any node in the buffer, you take note of it and then you go by all nodes in the buffer freeing the space allocated to the cell and then the space allocated to the node until you reach the first node.
4 - Test
In order to test the program it was developed an application witch creates a thread that writes data to the buffer and the main program reads it and shows it on the screen. It was included a delay in the writing and a bigger one in the reading. This way the buffer gets full and it is possible to test it's growing. It was also included a maximum dimension for the buffer that when it is reached makes the application to end.
5 - Makefile
To build and test the whole application it was created a makefile that compiles all the modules. The application was tested under Cygwin environment but it will run as well under any Linux or Unix environment.
License
This article, along with


Military Whistleblower: Secret Mars Base Exists, "I Worked There"
Military whistleblower, Captain Kaye, has revealed to ExoNews TV that he served 17 years at a secret military base on Mars. His mission was to apparently protect five civilian space colonies.
His claims include:
 - Humans reside inside a crater on Mars called Aries Prime
 - Aries Prime is the HQ for 'Mars Colony Corporation'
 - Mars is a warm planet
 - The air on Mars is breathable
 - There are 2 indigenous intelligent species on Mars
Inside info on Top Secret Mars Base Revealed reports:
Captain Kaye is currently seeking documents to verify his incredible experiences, and for now offers his testimony as evidence of a break away human civilization based on Mars. Parts of his testimony is consistent with the claims of other whistleblowers who have previously come forward to reveal secret events on Mars. Michael Relfe, for example, claims that he also was recruited for a 20 year tour of duty that involved covert operations on Mars. Also, Laura Magdalene Eisenhower, the great granddaughter of President Eisenhower, claims that covert efforts were made to recruit her to join a colony on Mars that was headed by famed physicist, Dr Hal Puthoff. Finally, Captain Kaye's claims that Mars has a breathable atmosphere is supported by a number of NASA images revealing small animals on the surface.


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What is the Narcolepsy (HLA-DQB1*06:02) Genotyping Test?
The Narcolepsy (HLA-DQB1*06:02) Genotyping test will conclusively determine whether you carry the HLA-DQB1*06:02 allele which is associated with an increased lifetime risk of developing narcolepsy.
DNA Narcolepsy Test
Determine if your genes increase your risk of narcolepsy.
Web apps are available to users who have taken the test.
Already took the test? Sign in to access your results.


text:
Simon Stampfer Edit Profile
From 1801 he attended the local school and in 1804 and moved to the Franciscan Gymnasium in Lienz, where he studied until 1807. From there he went to the Lyceum in Salzburg, to study philosophy, however he was not assessed.
A professor of practical physics at the Polytechnic Institute in Vienna in 1832, the scientist invented the "Wheel of Life," or, as he called it, the stroboscope. Concurrently but independently, Joseph Plateau of Belgium invented the similar phenakistoscope. Both devices placed serial images around the periphery of a disc; the images were reflected off a mirror and through slits in the disc and appeared to move as the disc revolved. Stampfer's device was patented in Austria on May 7, 1833, and he licensed a Vienna print shop to sell his "Optical Magic Disc." The independence of his discovery from Plateau's was verified by Poggendorf in 1834. Stampfer later improved on his invention by using two different discs and no mirror.
Unlike Plateau, Stampfer never realized the motion picture possibilities of his invention, but he is given credit for a major contribution in the development of modem cinematography.
In 1822, he married Johanna Wagner. They had a daughter in 1824 (Maria Aloysia Johanna) and in 1825 a son (Anton Josef Simon).


Meat Preservation through Brine Chilling
Meat makers use quality control procedures to get rid of brine in an effort to lower the risks, but doing so frequently raises running costs, necessitates more effluent treatment, and causes production to stop.

Brine chillers have become a popular method of preserving processed meat products and extending their shelf life among food processors. However, this process also carries certain risks due to the use of lactic acids and the potential exposure of products to Listeria monocytogenes (Listeria), a harmful contaminant that causes severe infection.
To reduce these risks, meat producers often implement quality control policies to dispose of brine if the bacteria count begins to rise. Despite having strict quality control procedures, frequent brine disposal leads to higher operating costs for the producer. This not only includes the costs of purchasing more brine but also indirect costs such as increased demand for wastewater treatment and production downtime during brine changeover. If these procedures are not carried out properly, the risk of a costly product recall due to Listeria exposure increases.
The Effectiveness of UV Disinfection in Brine Applications
In 2003, a study was conducted at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University to assess the efficacy of UV disinfection in brine applications. The study, titled "Ultraviolet Light for the Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes and Lactic Acid Bacteria in Recycled Chill Meat Brines" (Eifert et al), involved the continuous recirculation of fluid past the UV light. In meat brine applications, high levels of solids from added salt and particles from the meat product result in fluid clarity that is well below that of a typical UV water treatment application.
One of the critical parameters in UV system sizing is UV transmittance (UVT), which measures the amount of UV light that can penetrate the fluid and reach potential bacteria. The UVT of the brine in this study was 0% (completely opaque to UV light). In addition to UVT, disinfecting with UV light also depends on the residence time of the fluid in the UV chamber and the intensity of the UV light.
The study proved that even with a UVT of 0%, a reduction in lactic acid bacteria and Listeria is possible through UV disinfection in a meat brine application. The ideal recirculation rate was found to be equivalent to 1 gallon per minute for each gallon of brine volume. For example, a brine chiller with a volume of 100 gallons would require a recirculating pump and UV system capable of operating at a 100 gallons per minute flow rate.
Due to the cold temperature of the meat brine, a special cold temperature package was used with the UV lamp to ensure proper lamp ignition. Medium-pressure lamps were used in this study due to their polychromatic output, which has been proven to be effective, especially in fluids with extremely low UVT.
Benefits of Implementing UV in Meat Brine Chilling
For meat producers, there are several key benefits to implementing UV in their brine chilling process:
- Ensure Brine Quality: Slow the exponential growth of Listeria and reduce lactic acid to ensure brine quality.
- Reduce Brine Consumption Costs: Extend the lifecycle of the brine in the chiller, reducing the cost of brine consumption.
- Lower Maintenance Costs: Reduce brine disposal and production downtime, lowering maintenance costs.
- Reduce Demand on Wastewater Treatment: Decrease the demand for wastewater treatment.
- Extend the Shelf Life of the Final Product: Increase the shelf life of the final product.
- Eliminate the Risk of Product Recalls: Reduce the risk of costly product recalls.

Conclusion
UV disinfection offers a cost-effective solution for meat producers looking to improve brine quality, reduce costs, and eliminate the risk of product recalls. By continuously recirculating the fluid past UV light, the study showed that even with a UVT of 0%, a reduction in lactic acid bacteria and Listeria is possible. Implementing UV disinfection in the brine chilling process can lead to a range of benefits, including lower maintenance costs, reduced demand for wastewater treatment, and extended shelf life of the final product.
Nuvonic
Date 01/02/2023
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text:
SDE Feature Class
Post 2000, biota, California, Quaking aspen, environment, Populus tremuloides, Aspen
The database was designed to identify the location of each aspen stand in the National Forest. Evaluation seral stage, tree size, primary and secondary dominant trees species, and vegetation category type was established.
The database represents polygons of aspen stands in the Klamath National Forest, Siskiyou County, California. The Klamath National Forest Region 5 Vegetation aspen layer was derived from LANDSAT TM imagery, SPOT imagery, orthophotos, aerial photos and auxiliary layers (Source data: Region 5 Forestland And Resource Data Base GIS And Oracle Data Dictionary 4/14/95'.) The stands were classified based upon conditions such as primary and dominant tree species, tree size, and tree density as determined by both the CALVEG system and California Wildlife Habitat Relationships system. Associated with this polygon layer is a point layer (KLAMATH_NF_KNF_VEG_PTS) containing aspen stand assessments conducted in conjunction with the aspen stand delineations. Data Compilation: The Aspen Delineation Project (ADP) is a collaborative effort of the U.S. Forest Service's Pacific Southwest Region, the California Department of Fish and Games Resource Assessment Program, and the California Office of Bureau of Land Management. Principal Investigator for ADP is David Burton; visit: _URL_ for more information regarding the ADP. The Department of Fish and Games, Resource Assessment Program compiled this information from the collaborating agencies and other researchers, and formatted the data into a common database for the purpose of facilitating access to data related to the conservation of Quaking Aspen in California. This information portal falls within the ADP goals to help agencies and land managers identify, map, treat, and monitor aspen habitats. This dataset is a portion of a master database compiled during a year long effort in 2005 to pull together current GIS layers and maps depicting Aspen communities in California.
Klamath National Forest, Existing Vegetation Map Layer of Aspen
No constraints, public data


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Fast Band-Sweep Total Isotropic Sensitivity Measurement
To provide consistent measurements of radio performance in typical complex environments, the total isotropic sensitivity (TIS) is used as a key parameter measured in anechoic chambers. Currently, the TIS measurement is based on the integration of the measured effective isotropic sensitivity at every angle over a spherical surface. This measurement is time consuming so it is only performed for three channels in a band in order to reduce overall measurement time. However, the whole band performance in real environments is critical in the research and development stage, and even in potential certification measurement. A novel fast band-sweep measurement for TIS of wireless devices is proposed in this paper. This method measures the radiated sensitivity and the average gain of the receiver antenna separately, and then combines them to obtain the TIS. The measurement of the radiated sensitivity in a band is efficiently performed based on the relationship between the bit error rate and the received power, and the band-sweep average gain of mobile antennas can be achieved through peak gain measurements. Hence, this method reduces band-sweep measurement time significantly and also ensues the measurement accuracy by eliminating the systematic error in the received signal strength indicator reporting.
Z. Liu et al., "Fast Band-Sweep Total Isotropic Sensitivity Measurement," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. _PHONE_, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Aug 2016.
The definitive version is available at _URL_
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Center for High Performance Computing Research
Keywords and Phrases
Antennas; Bit error rate; Mobile antennas; Receiving antennas; Complex environments; Measurement accuracy; Real environments; Received signal strength indicators; Research and development; Spherical surface; Sweep measurements; Total isotropic sensitivities; Artificial intelligence; Average gain antenna; band-sweep measurement; calibration procedure; mean effective gain (MEG); radiated sensitivity and conducted sensitivity; receiver sensitivity analysis; (TIS) measurement
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
Article - Journal
© 2016 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), All rights reserved.


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The ownership paradox : the politics of development cooperation with Bolivia and Ghana
Since 1999, multiand bilateral donor agencies have based their development cooperation with heavily indebted poor countries on the elaboration of poverty reduction strategy papers that should be 'country-owned'. This thesis explores this concept of ownership and analyses the power relationships between aid donors and recipient governments involved in efforts to promote ownership. It employs a political sociology perspective and draws on institutional theories and theories of organisational change to argue that ownership is a normative, not an analytical concept. Using the two 'model recipient' case studies of Bolivia and Ghana, it analyses two different tools of development cooperation: direct budget support mechanisms and the fostering of civil society participation in national policy-making. It places these two cooperation tools in their socio-political context to investigate in how far informal political processes represent factors that determine national politics, and ultimately the likelihood of success of political reform. The empirical research is centred around 140 qualitative semi-structured interviews with donor agency, governments and civil society representatives in both countries. The dominance of ownership questions in current development debates are explained with reference to the historical evolution of development cooperation, particularly the structural adjustment programmes of the 1980s and the criticisms and revisions they evoked. The author argues that two different types of ownership should be distinguished: 'government' and 'national' ownership. The thesis demonstrates that direct budget support mechanisms are intended to foster government ownership, while the promotion of civil society participation is aimed at fostering national ownership. Donors' attempt to foster ownership of formalised reform agendas is an almost impossible task because informal political processes largely shape the realm of national politics at the state level and determine the type and degree of societal participation in national policy-making. The thesis concludes by suggesting that international donors, pursuing these policies, risk destabilising representative democratic systems of recipient countries in undesirable ways.