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Cornell University Nematology Pages
|Nematology Home||Cornell History||W.F. Mai Biography||Current Research||Reference Library||Photo Album|
The W.F. Mai Reference Library
There are currently a number of significant nematology holdings in the Dept. of Plant Pathology, acquired over the years by Dr. Mai. These include a collection of nematological reprints, a huge collection of photographic slides, an even bigger collection of prints and a large collection of preserved nematodes on microscope slides.
The W.F. Mai Nematology Reference Library is a collection of over 6000 reprints spanning 1898 through 1985, assembled throughout the career of Dr. Mai. These reprints cover a wide range of nematological topics and many of the reprints have been passed down from such luminaries as Cobb and Thorne.
Unfortunately, it is not feasible for the Cornell Department of Plant Pathology to provide public access to the reprints nor to handle requests for reproductions. A bibliographic database in Endnote Plus format is available for downloading. We hope it may give insight into some of the earliest literature available in nematology:
EndNote Plus nematology bibliography:
A trial version of EndNote can be obtained FREE from Thomson ResearchSoft.
A collection of preserved plant disease and fungus specimens documenting the world's biodiversity


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Isabella I
In 1469 she married Ferdinand of Aragón (later King Ferdinand II of Aragón and Ferdinand V of Castile). At the death (1474) of her half brother Henry IV of Castile, the succession to Castile was contested between Isabella and Juana la Beltraneja, who was supported by Alfonso V of Portugal. The civil war ended with Isabella's victory in 1479, the year in which Ferdinand became king of Aragón. Isabella and Ferdinand, known as the Catholic kings, ruled Castile and Aragón jointly. Although the union of their crowns was personal rather than institutional, their reign in effect marked the beginning of the unified Spanish kingdom. Isabella's principal aim was to assert royal authority over the lawless Castilian nobility. To this end she revived the medieval hermandad and confiscated the lands of many magnates. She also took over the administration of the holdings of the powerful religious military orders (by making Ferdinand their grand master) and established the Inquisition under royal control. She was a prime mover in the expulsion (1492) of the Jews from Spain, the conquest (1492) of Granada, and the forced conversion of the Moors. She showed foresight in her patronage of Christopher Columbus. The Catholic kings furthered learning and the arts and promoted great building activity. The style of the period is called isabelino after the queen; it combines Gothic, Mudejar, and Renaissance features. Isabella bequeathed Castile to her daughter Joanna, with Ferdinand as regent.
See biographies by I. L. Plunket (1915) and W. T. Walsh (1987); W. H. Prescott, History of the Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella the Catholic (3 vol., 1838; abr. ed. 1962); J. H. Mariéjol, The Spain of Ferdinand and Isabella (1892, tr. 1961); R. B. Merriman, The Rise of the Spanish Empire, Vol. II (1918, repr. 1962); J. H. Elliott, Imperial Spain: 1469–1716 (1963).
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Consider $n$ numbers randomly generated by independent generators that can produce integers from $0$ to $n$. How many of these integers will be missing on average for large $n$? If $p_{k,n}$ is the probability that $k$ is generated by a given generator then the probability that it is missing from all $n$ is $(1-p_{k,n})^n$, so $E_n=\sum_{k=0}^n(1-p_{k,n})^n$ is the expected number of misses. If all $k$-s were equally likely, i.e. $p_{k,n}=\frac1{n+1}$, it is easy to estimate: $E_n=\sum_{k=0}^n(1-\frac1{n+1})^n\sim\frac{n+1}e+\frac12+O(\frac1n)$, i.e. just over a third of integers will be missing.
I am interested in the case when the numbers are generated binomially: there are $n$ heaps of objects with $n$ in each heap, and each one is kept or discarded with probability $\frac12$. The resulting number of objects in a heap is then $k\leq n$ with probability $p_{k,n}=\frac{C_n^k}{2^n}$. For this distribution we expect the counts to cluster symmetrically around $k=\frac{n}2$, so using the Stirling formula or the local limit theorem $p_{k,n}\sim\frac1{\sqrt{\pi n/2}}e^{-\frac{(k-n/2)^2}{\pi n/2}}$, and after shifting and rescaling $E_n\sim2S_{\frac{n}2}$, where $$S_n=\sum_{k=0}^n\Big(1-\frac1{\sqrt{\pi n}}e^{-\frac{k^2}{\sqrt{\pi n}}}\Big)^{2n}.$$ If not for the $2n$-th power there are standard methods using Mellin transforms or the Euler-Maclaurin formula to find asymptotics of such sums, but as is...
Using the binomial formula on the inside looks like a bad idea, it produces terms with positive powers of $n$ and alternating signs, so there must be massive cancellations since obviously $S_n\leq n+1$. There are thresholds for terms' behavior at large $n$. Let $$k_{n,\varepsilon}^2:=(\frac12+\varepsilon)\pi n\ln n+\frac12\pi\!\ln\pi\,n,$$ then the summands are exponentially close to zero if $k\leq k_{n,-\varepsilon}$ and inverse power close to $1$ if $k\geq k_{n,\varepsilon}$. So $$\big(n+1-k_{n,\varepsilon}\big)\big(1-O(n^{-\varepsilon})\big)\lesssim S_n\lesssim n+1-k_{n,-\varepsilon}.$$ This does imply that the fraction of missing integers approaches 1 for large $n$, but it is not exactly sharp, and I do not see how to make it so (one can improve on it slightly by noticing that for $k^2\gtrsim n^{1+\varepsilon}$ the terms are exponentially close to $1$). There is an intermediate range with $k^2:=\frac12\pi n\ln n+\frac12\pi\!\ln\pi\,n+O(1)$, which corresponds to summands $(1-\frac{c}n)^{2n}\sim e^{-2c}$, with $c$ from $O(1)$. It almost seems like one has to sum or integrate over "ranges" with orders of growth in place of numbers and then add the results. But I do not know what that can mean exactly for the intermediate range, and I have not seen anything of this sort done. Perhaps, one should "change variables" to transform the range somehow.
Any advice/ideas/references are appreciated. It is entirely possible that I am on the wrong track, this seems like a reasonable probabilistic/combinatorial question and there might be standard methods for asymptotics of such sums that I missed. This example is representative of a type I am interested in, with sums of $n$-th powers of terms close to $1$.
 - $\begingroup$ This question might be improved by cutting it off after "probability 1/2". In particular I recommend against describing bad ideas with more than one sentence. $\endgroup$ – Matt F. Jan 24 '18 at 4:25
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_. Let's hope someone has better ideas. I expected suggestions along these lines because they were made in somewhat similar problems (where only one range contributes to the leading term and the rest are estimated as negligible), so this is to suggest that some additional ideas are needed to make it work here. But I will be happy with a completely different idea that works. $\endgroup$ – Conifold Jan 24 '18 at 23:46
 - $\begingroup$ From what you wrote, it seems that you are able to obtain that $1-O(1/\sqrt{n\log(n)})$ elements will be missing. Are you looking for something sharper? $\endgroup$ – N. Gast Jan 26 '18 at 7:40
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_.Gast Yes, I'd like to know what the leading term(s) are for $n-S_n$ (number of present integers), naive guess is $n-S_n\sim\frac12\pi n\ln n+\frac12\pi\!\ln\pi\,n$, but I do not know how to get rid of the $\varepsilon$-s so it is possible that the growth is more subtle. And I'd like to know a general approach for refining the asymptotic for similar sums (which would come in estimating variance, etc.), if there is one, these estimates seem ad hoc and unimprovable along these lines. $\endgroup$ – Conifold Jan 26 '18 at 17:06
 - $\begingroup$ I must say that I do not know a general way to obtain such estimate. If I were to try, I would use the same approach as you do and would try to get rid of the epsilon by using some kind of uniform bound like Hoeffding's inequality. $\endgroup$ – N. Gast Jan 29 '18 at 9:12
The expected number of values hit is asymptotic to $\sqrt{n\log n}$.
Start with Stirling's formula: $$ P(n,k) := 2^{-n}\binom{n}{n/2+k} = \sqrt{\frac{2}{\pi n}} e^{-2k^2/n} (1 + O(1/n)), $$ provided $k$ is not too large (smaller than $n^{1/3}$ is more than enough).
The probability that value $n/2+k$ is hit is $$P(n,k)=1 - \biggl(1 - 2^{-n}\binom{n}{n/2+k}\biggr)^n.$$ Now scale by $k=x\sqrt{n\log n}$. Dropping the error terms for simplicity, and using $(1-z)^n=e^{-zn+O(z^2n)}$ we have $$P(n,k) \approx P_0(n,x) := 1 - \exp\biggl( -\frac 2\pi n^{1/2-2x^2} \biggr).$$
The function $P_0(n,x)$ has a plateau shape with tiny tails. As $n\to\infty$, we have $$ P_0(n,x) ~~\begin{cases} \to 1, & |x|<1/2\\ = 1 - e^{-\sqrt{2/\pi}}, &|x|=1/2\\ \to 0, & |x|>1/2, \end{cases} $$ where in the first and third cases convergence is very rapid. Thus we have $$\int_{-\infty}^\infty P_0(n,x)\,dx \to 1 ~\text{ as $n\to\infty$}.$$
The sum and the integral are asymptotically equal (which in this case is easy to see since the function rapidly converges to a step function), so we conclude that $$\sum_{k=-n/2}^{n/2} P(n,k) \sim \sqrt{n\log n}.$$ In detail, for any $\epsilon>0$, values in $[n/2-(1/2-\epsilon)\sqrt{n\log n},n/2+(1/2-\epsilon)\sqrt{n\log n}]$ almost certainly appear and values outside $[n/2-(1/2+\epsilon)\sqrt{n\log n},n/2+(1/2+\epsilon)\sqrt{n\log n}]$ almost certainly don't appear.
All this could be done with more precision.
ADDED: Working directly, if $|k|\le \frac12\sqrt{n\log n}-\sqrt{n}$ then $n/2+k$ almost certainly occurs, while if


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In this paper we consider the problem of designing load balancing protocols in distributed systems where the participants (e.g. computers, users) are capable of manipulating the load allocation algorithm in their own interest. Using techniques from mechanism design theory we design a mechanism for fair load balancing in heterogeneous distributed systems. We prove that our mechanism is truthful and satisfies the voluntary participation condition. Based on the proposed mechanism we derive a fair load balancing protocol called FAIR-LBM. Finally, we study the effectiveness of our protocol by simulations.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text: |Apple trees can grow to a height of 30 feet and a width of 15 feet with a growth of 8 to 12 feet per year. They require rich soil, moderate watering, good drainage and full sun. When planting, space trees according to their ultimate size. To prevent corrective pruning later on, frequent light pruning during the tree's early years is required. It is recommended to prune mature trees to allow new growth and to permit sunlight to reach into the tree to discourage mildew. Scab is the most troublesome disease that affects apple trees. Fire blight, apple rust disease, black rot, and bitter rot can all be a problem as well as the following insect pests: aphids, red mite, flat-headed apple-tree borer, friot-tree bark beetle, codling moth, and apple maggots.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Jump to: navigation, search
This page describes different features that have been proposed for Multi-Core Debugging. They may be addressed in the future.
Debug Working sets
Debugging with multiple editors visible
The Pin & Clone feature could be useful when debugging multiple contexts simultaneously, but will not be that useful if the source from only one context will be visible at a time. Currently, the user is able to arrange multiple editor side by side in the editor area. However, there are no APIs to allow the debugger to ensure that an editor is opened in a particular section of the editor area. There are two ways to solve this:
 1. Add functionality to workbench editor area management:
 2. Create a "source viewer" editor.
Add context to expressions in the Expressions View
Persistable context
User control over how context is matched
 DSDP DD MultiContext-Context selection.png
 Image: Control for selecting which elements of the context should be used to enable the evaluation of a given expression.
Filtering out disabled expressions
Compare mode in Variables views
DSDP DD MultiContext-variable compare.png
Image: Variables view showing data from two different threads.
(Debug) Locations View
Problem being Solved
View Mockup
DSDP DD MultiContext-ip view.png
Image: Locations view showing many threads stopped at two locations.
View Layout
The full layout of the view is the following:
 - Debugger Location - This is typically the top stack frame.
 - Thread or Threads
 - Stack frames
 - Fork in the stack frame
 -...
 - Performance!!! - Retrieving stack data for multiple threads at the same time could be very expensive.
 - Clutter - Deep stack traces would still take a lot of space. This view trades clutter in one part of the tree, with clutter in another part. Instead, would stack trace be better placed in a separate window or pane.
Debuggers View (another alternative to Debug View)
View Layout
 - A GDB debugger instance launched from Eclipse.
Stack Frames
Example: GDB
 - Thread - The threads which are within the process.
Example: Wind River Debugger
Example: legacy connection
 - Thread - Threads that are within the process.
View Mockup
DSDP DD MultiContext-debuggers view.png
 1. A user-mode agent which is attached to a "hello" process.
 2. An instruction set simulator of a PowerPC 860 processor.
Open Issues
 - Details pane (for stack)? - One way to show stack without forcing too much clutter. Detail pane could show stack for multiple processes too.
 - Configurability - Some flexibility in presentation should be considered to accommodate different working styles. This configurability should include the choice of hierarchy in the view.
 - Expanding stack on demand - One cheap option for displaying stack would be to allow displaying in the view, but still allow it to be shown in the view.
Debug view Modes
Mode selection menu
DSDP DD MultiContext-debug view modes pulldown.png
Automatic mode switching
Multiple instances
Debugging Programs with multiple threads
 - 1.1) Two or more threads interacting : User is debugging a program with multiple threads which are interacting with each other.
 1.1.1) Debugging threads which contend for the same lock. :
 1. When a thread blocks while stepping,
 1.1.2) Debugging race conditions where multiple threads are reading and writing some shared data :
 2. Multiple threads hit the breakpoint
 5. Alternatively, user steps all threads.
 8. Halt execution when another thread accesses shared address.
 1.2) Debugging a subset of threads : User is debugging a program with multiple threads, but he is interested only in interacting with some of the threads.
 1.2.2) Run control for a subset of threads : User repeatedly suspends and resumes a subset of threads.
 1.2.3) Terminating/re-launching :
 1.2.4) Tasks submitted to a thread pool : User is debugging a routine which may be executed by any thread in a thread pool at any time, and by some threads in the thread pool at the same time.
 1.3) Program with large number (100+) of threads : User is debugging programs with large numbers of threads and he needs to manage those threads effectively.
 1.3.1) User needs to switch between suspended threads
 1. User sets a breakpoint that some threads may hit.
 2. Some threads hit the breakpoint.
 1.3.2) Threads created/destroyed rapidly: User is debugging a process with threads being created and destroyed at a rapid rate (more than 1 thread/sec.)
 1.4) Context-specific expressions : User is using the expressions view to monitor different expressions which are valid only in specific context.
 1.4.1) Local variable expressions : User creates expressions for local variables in a specific function. These variables are not valid in any other context.
 1.4.2) Thread-local variable expressions : User creates expressions for variables which are valid only in specific threads.
 1.5) Clone threads : Debugging a system where multiple threads are executing the same section of code.
 1.5.1) Comparing data in clone threads : User compares variables in threads which are stopped in the same section of code.
General enhancements proposed for Multicore Debugging
Below is a general list of enhancements that could improve multicore debugging for the CDT. If clarifications are needed, please contact marc.khouzam at ericsson dot com.
Stability of the Debug View
Ability to keep the debug view display as stable as possible for the user to quickly see what has changed. We want things to stay in the same place.
 1. Stack list should have the ability to be fixed to a user-specified number to keep the display stable. For example if the list is fixed at 5, we would always show 5 lines for the stack frames even if there are e.g., 2 frames only, or if there are e.g., 8 frames. This feature would optional.
 2. This idea may not easily apply to threads.
 3. When a new thread stops, do we want to expand the new thread automatically? Need a user-option for this.
 4. A good option would be to add the function name on the thread context, and keep everything collapsed. So, a preference could be to choose between expanding nothing automatically but rely on label of thread node, or expand everything (limited by max stack frame to display) or a smart behavior as we do now. The label could match the preference of if we expand automatically or not; we may want a separate preference for how much info is in the label.
 5. When a new thread stops, do we switch focus to the new thread or not. It may be annoying to have it switch focus, in fact if lots of threads keep stopping, it will be unworkable. We could simply never allow switching, but it would be better to have a user preference for this. Having a user-preference to allow switching, not allow switching.
Grouping and hiding
The CDT community is currently working on a feature that would allow to group elements of the debug view into user-defined groups. These groups would be used to reduce the amount of information displayed at the same time, but also to perform operations on a set of debug entities (e.g., a group of cores). Below is the list of discussed requirements.
 1. Expansion state of the groups should be preserved based on the last user decision. However, this should be a user-preference because it may not be the right thing is particular situations.
 2. It should be possible to create many groups but not display all of them at the same time. The user should have access to all the groups and be able to choose which ones are shown in the Debug view. This could be a pull-down menu which lists all available groups, and the user can choose the ones to display.
 1. So we would have the following group management operations:
 1. Create (GUI and backend)
 2. Delete (GUI and backend)
 3. Show (GUI only, not backend)
 4. Hide (GUI only, not backend)
 5. Edit
 2. It should possible to create/edit a group based on already existing groups, where the content of the selected groups would also be made part of the new group. The existing groups would not be changed or removed.
 3. GDB will soon support PTC sets (Process/Thread/Core sets). Eclipse grouping should be mapped to GDB PTC sets. Creating a group in the GUI should also create it in GDB to make it available in the command line.
 1. Need a way to keep the names of PTC sets synchronized between Eclipse and GDB so that the same sets can be used in the GUI and in the command-line.
 2. Creating a group in the GUI will make the group visible in the Debug view. On the other hand, creating a group in the command-line probably should not automatically be shown in the GUI. This will create the group in the GUI also, but not automatically show it.
 4. Need an option for the user to decide if the console focus should follow the UI focus: should the PTC selected in the UI automatically become in


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Workers Unearth Maine Building Buried In Sand For 75 Years
If you have spent much time adventuring around Maine there is a good chance you have made at least one stop at The Desert of Maine. If you have never been there it is a legit desert. No, really.
The desert has been there for thousands of years, but the sand had (until the last few centuries) always been covered by soil. Sadly, poor farming practices in the 19th century lead to soil erosion which unearthed the sand. While it forced the abandonment of the farm, it did create a cool tourist attraction.
During your tour of the desert, you probably wandered past a sign detailing the history of a freshwater spring that once graced the property. A small building that had been built on the location sold cups of spring water to the desert's visitors. During the shutdown caused by World War 2, many of the tourist attraction's buildings were reclaimed by the sands. The spring building was one of those buried. It did not happen immediately, though. The tip top of the building was visible until 1962. Yes, the building has not been seen in its entirety for nearly 80 years!
Over the weekend, all that changed!
According to a post on The Desert of Maine Facebook page, an old sign claimed the building was buried under 8 feet of sand. Using ground-penetrating radar, it was found the top of the house was only 15 feet under the sand. So, what did they do? They started digging! Their plan is to continue to excavate the old building. Who knows, maybe the spring is still there, too!
Share your pictures of visits to The Desert of Maine with us through Facebook or through our app.
Have you downloaded our FREE app? You can use it to stream the station, message the DJs, and get breaking local news sent right to your phone. Yeah, you'll never have to go looking for the info you need ever again! Just enter your phone number in the box below and we'll text you the download link.


text:
The hidden date for this stamp can be found on the chalkboard eraser.
More than just educators, teachers inspire, guide, lead and enlighten - encouraging young minds to remain curious and embrace knowledge. As a tribute to teachers across the country, and to mark the 2002 World Teachers' Day on October 5th, Canada Post has issued a single domestic rate ($0.48) commemorative stamp, available in a pane of 16.
World Teachers' Day
World Teachers' Day was launched in 1993 by the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) at the International Conference on Education in Geneva. The date October 5th was chosen because it was on this day in 1966 that an inter-governmental conference organized by UNESCO and the International Labour Organization (ILO) adopted the 'Recommendation Concerning the Status of Teachers.' Today, more than 100 countries recognize World Teachers' Day and the Director-General of UNESCO sends out a message in a number of languages to commemorate this annual event.
Education in Canada
Under the Constitution Act, 1867, Canada's provinces were given virtually exclusive responsibility for education. Established structures, for the most part, saw locally elected school trustees forming school boards that functioned in a role between the provincial education ministries and schools. A distinctive feature of Canada's educational system is the publicly supported'separate schools,' most of which are Catholic. This system of separate schools varies from province to province.
Growth of Student and Teacher Populations
Canada's student population peaked during 1970 and 1971 when public and independent schools enrolled 5.8 million students. From there, a decline continued into the mid-1980s, reaching a low of 4.9 million in 1985-86. The numbers have risen since then, and today, the number of students is approximately 5.3 million. In 1910, there were 40,000 full-time teachers in Canada, and that number rose to 272,000 in 1976. By 1986, this number declined to 252,000, then rose to 293,000 by 1995.
A Lesson in Design
Created by the internationally recognized and celebrated Koudis Design Office (KDO) of Toronto, the stamp was designed to communicate the concept of teaching. The challenge lay in using a single image to express the diversity of the occupation. Says Mark Koudis: "Icons such as a green chalkboard, flash cards, handwriting and the figure of a teacher are all viewed from the students' perspective. The shadow represents any number of teachers in one's education, or a memory of the collective." This is his third stamp project; Koudis designed the 5-stamp Sporting Heroes set for the 1996 Olympic centenary, and the beloved Pablum stamp in the Millennium Collection.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Hinckley Cook CPAs has announced that it can help clients to manage their finances through personal finance planning, business services and tax services. This comes after news of major changes to "Kiddie Tax", a provision which taxes unearned income of kids under 19 and full-time students younger than 24. It will impact tax and investment planning.
More information can be found at: _URL_
The new changes will impact tax planning, investment planning, IRA planning, and college funding for the next eight years. This means that kids could end up in a higher tax bracket than their parents.
In 2026, the individual changes in the Trump law will expire and the law will revert back to the law as it is written in 2018.
The new changes are landing because of the recent Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which made significant changes to the Kiddie Tax beginning in 2018. The Kiddie Tax applies to children under 19 years old, dependent full time students between 19 and 23, and does not exclude children who are married and filing a joint tax return.
The tax applies to unearned income and child receives, gifts, inheritances, cash, stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and real estate. However, salary earned by the child is not subject to the tax.
Now, children are no longer impacted by their parents' tax rate, and parents don't have to worry about adding the earnings of multiple siblings together. However, the new rates could end up being higher than the parents' highest tax rate.
With the new changes, a married couple would have to have an income of over $600,000 to match the highest rate in Kiddie Tax.
Managing finances and taxes can be a highly stressful situation, but Hinckley Cook CPA is always there to help. It is a full service Certified Public Accounting Firm and can provide guidance to help clients through all aspects of their finance management and tax preparation.
Full details of the services can be found on the URL above.
Release ID: 427963


Wonnangatta Station
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
All that remains today of the Wonnangatta Station homestead. The stones outline the original floorplan.
Wonnangatta Station is located in Victoria
Wonnangatta Station
Wonnangatta Station
Wonnangatta Station location
The Wonnangatta Station was a cattle station located in a remote valley of the Victorian Alps, Australia. According to writer Harry Stephenson the station, while it operated, was "the most isolated homestead in Victoria." [1][2]
The nearest population centres were the goldfield towns of Talbotville, about 20 miles (32 km) away, Grant and Dargo to the south-east, and the larger town of Mansfield, about 80 miles (130 km) away over the Great Dividing Range.
The Wonnangatta Station homestead was accidentally burnt down by bushwalkers in 1957. Some stockyards and the old cemetery, which has been restored to something resembling its original form, survive. Today the area is part of the Alpine National Park, and is only accessible by Four-wheel drive, dirt bike, horse or on foot. The station remains a popular offroad destination and has numerous facilities for campers, including septic toilets and concrete fire pits.
The station had been established in the 1860s by Oliver Smith, a North American who came across the valley while prospecting for gold. Smith's common law wife Ellen or "Nancy"[3] and her son Harry joined him and a homestead was built near the junction of the Wonnangatta River and Conglomerate Creek.[4]
Some time later Ellen died in childbirth,[5] and soon after Smith sold out to William Bryce before eventually returning to the United States.
The Bryce family then occupied the station while Ellen's son Harry Smith moved down the valley and established himself at Eaglevale. The Bryce family remained a presence at Wonnangatta until Mrs Bryce died in 1914 at the age of 78. Ten Bryce children were brought up at Wonnangatta. As the children grew up they moved away and after Mrs Bryce's death the property was sold to Mansfield owners in 1916, who installed a manager to run the station.
The Wonnangatta Murders[edit]
The station and surrounding area are the site of the still-unsolved Wonnangatta murders which occurred in late 1917 and 1918.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Stephenson, Harry (1980) Cattlemen and Huts of the High Plains. p. 69. Graphic Books, Armidale, Victoria, Australia ISBN 0-949847-00-3
 2. ^ Homestead location 37°12′29″S 146°49′50″E / 37.207950°S 146.830665°E / -37.207950; 146.830665.
 3. ^ Mortimer, Wallace. (1980) The History of Wonnangatta Station. p.10-11, Spectrum Publications, Richmond, Australia ISBN 0-909837-90-2.
 4. ^ Stephenson, Harry (1980) p.57
 5. ^ Stephenson dates this event as 1866, Mortimer as 1873. Her headstone at the station cemetery is apparently indecipherable
External links[edit]
Coordinates: 37°12′30″S 146°49′52″E / 37.20833°S 146.83111°E / -37.20833; 146.83111


Fix Missing Msnp32.dll Error On Windows 98 or 95
The following error message may be displayed when you start your Microsoft Windows 95, Microsoft Windows 98 or Microsoft Windows 98 SE computer.
Unable to load the dynamic link library:
The system cannot find the file specified.
Some or all of the following features are not available:
Microsoft Network
When you click the OK button in the message to continue loading Windows, you may find the icon for Network Neighborhood missing from the Desktop. Additionally, you will not be able to access other computers and resources on the network.
Cause of the Error
Resolution Method
You can solve the missing msnp32.dll error in this case by extracting a new copy of the DLL file from the Windows installation disk, and then copying it to its location on the hard disk.
To do this task on Window 98, perform the following steps:
 1. Open Start menu, select Run, type sfc and then press Enter.
 2. In the System File Checker dialog box, select the Extract one file from installation disk option.
 4. Click Start.
 6. Here, browse to the location where the Windows installation files are located. If you have Windows 98 or 98 SE OEM version on your computer, then you maybe able to locate the files in the C:\Cabs folder on your hard disk. Otherwise, provide the path to the Windows setup files on the Windows Setup CD.
 7. Click OK, and then follow the screen instructions to extract the msnp32.dll file to your computer.
Note: This is the path to the folder where your Windows operating system is installed.
On Windows 95, perform the following steps to extract the msnp32.dll file to your computer:
 1. Use the Find command in the Start menu to locate the folder in which the Cabs files are located. By default, the folder is C:\Cabs. If you are unable to locate this folder, insert the Windows 95 setup disk in the CD-drive.
 2. Next, perform a search to find the location for the Extract.exe file. In case you do not find this file on the system, then copy the file from Windows 95 setup floppy disk 1 or the Windows 95 CD-ROM to the root folder of your computer. By default, C: is the root folder. To copy the file at MS-DOS Prompt, type the following commands-assuming that your CD-drive is represented by E:
 3. copy E:\extract.exe C:\
 If you are extracting from the floppy, then use the following command:
 copy A:\extract.exe C:\
 4. Now, use the extract command to replace msnp32.dll file to your computer.
 5. If you are extracting from C:\Cabs folder, use the following command at MS-DOS prompt:
 extract C:\Cabs\msnp32.dll /L c:\windows\DLLFilePath
 If you are extracting from CD-drive, use the following command at MS-DOS prompt:
 extract E:\Cabs\msnp32.dll /L c:\windows\DLLFilePath
 To prevent missing DLL errors from occurring on your computer, it is essential that you maintain a healthy and error-free Windows registry. To do this, you may use a compatible and user-friendly registry cleaner tool, such as RegServe to regularly scan and clean your Windows 95 or 98 registry.


text:
Let me back up.
DAO naming is hierarchical in nature, sort of like the DOS path. And like DOS, you can refer to an object using a fully qualified name or a semi-qualified name. In DOS, a fully qualified name would be like this:
If you are already in a folder, you can refer to the file by its semi-qualified name:
TEST.MDB In the same way, you can refer to an Access object by its fully qualified name:
or if you assume the default DBEngine (which we almost always do), the default Workspace, and default Database, you can refer to the table by its semi-qualified name:
If you look at the fully qualified name like this:
you can see the DAO hierarchy levels more easily and how the dot separates them. (Much like the "\" in DOS.)
The dot also serves to separate an object from its properties and methods, which can also be thought of as another level in the hierarchy. So I can refer to "TableDefs!Table1.RecordCount". RecordCount being a property of Table1.
The bang (!) separates objects from the collections which hold them, thus it separates "Table1" from the collection "TableDefs" and the object "c:\msoffice\access97\test.mdb" from its collection "Databases".
Since most objects are defined by you, and since levels of DAO hierarchy are defined by Access, we get the rule of thumb named earlier.
DAO Naming Rules:
- The dot serves to separate one level of the DAO hierarchy from another in a fully qualified object name.
- The dot also serves to separate an object from its methods and properties. (This, by the way, is the principle use for most people).
- The bang serves to separate an object from the collection in which it is contained.
But this isn't really the end of the story. When using class modules in Access (like Forms and Reports), the Bang and Dot behavior is slightly different. To find out more, read my post: Bang Vs. Dot in Forms.


text:
Showing Resources: 1 - 1 of 1
Stephen Crane (_PHONE_) was an American novelist, poet, and short story writer, who in 1895 wrote "The Red Badge of Courage", which earned him international acclaim. This collection of materials relating to Crane, compiled by Johns Hopkins University alumnus Richard Frary, includes letters (many by Crane), events ephemera, photographs, articles of literary criticism, and sheet music (inspired by his fiction). The materials date from the 1890s to the early 2000s.
- Subject: correspondence
- Subject: ephemera (general object genre)
- Subject: photographs
- Subject: sheet music
- Subject: reproductions (derivative objects)


zip() function troubles
Istvan Albert istvan.albert at
Fri Jul 27 04:15:39 CEST 2007
On Jul 26, 9:33 pm, Paul Rubin wrote:
> Do a top or vmstat while that is happening and see if you are
> swapping. You are allocating 10 million ints and 10 million tuple
> nodes, = 20 million objects. Although, even at 100 bytes per object
> that would be 1GB which would fit in your machine easily. Is it
> a 64 bit cpu?
we can safely drop the memory limit as being the cause and think about
something else
if you try it yourself you'll see that it is very easy to generate 10
million tuples,
on my system it takes 3 (!!!) seconds to do the following:
size = 10**7
data = []
for i in range(10):
 x = [ (0,1) ] * size
 data.append( x )
Now it takes over two minutes to do this:
size = 10**7
a = [ 0 ] * size
b = zip(a,a)
the only explanation I can come up with is that the internal
implementation of zip must have some flaws
More information about the Python-list mailing list


text:
In vitro analog of classical conditioning of feeding behavior in aplysia.
Learn Mem. 2003 November; 10(6): 478–494.
The feeding behavior of Aplysia californica can be classically conditioned using tactile stimulation of the lips as a conditioned stimulus (CS) and food as an unconditioned stimulus (US). Moreover, several neural correlates of classical conditioning have been identified. The present study extended previous work by developing an in vitro analog of classical conditioning and by investigating pairing-specific changes in neuronal and synaptic properties. The preparation consisted of the isolated cerebral and buccal ganglia. Electrical stimulation of a lip nerve (AT4) and a branch of the esophageal nerve (En2) served as the CS and US, respectively. Three protocols were used: paired, unpaired, and US alone. Only the paired protocol produced a significant increase in CS-evoked fictive feeding. At the cellular level, classical conditioning enhanced the magnitude of the CS-evoked synaptic input to pattern-initiating neuron B31/32. In addition, paired training enhanced both the magnitude of the CS-evoked synaptic input and the CS-evoked spike activity in command-like neuron CBI-2. The in vitro analog of classical conditioning reproduced all of the cellular changes that previously were identified following behavioral conditioning and has led to the identification of several new learning-related neural changes. In addition, the pairing-specific enhancement of the CS response in CBI-2 indicates that some aspects of associative plasticity may occur at the level of the cerebral sensory neurons.
Animals, Aplysia, Association Learning, Conditioning, Classical, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Feeding Behavior, Neuronal Plasticity, Neurons, Afferent, Synaptic Transmission


text:
Why do some people get violent after boozingDecember 16th, 2008 - 6:17 pm ICT by ANI
Washington, Dec 16 (ANI): Have you ever wondered how generally calm people suddenly turn violent after downing a drink? Well, Finnish researchers have got the answer for you: it''s caused by an over active gene which triggers aggression.
Finnish researchers have found that drinking and MAOA gene can help predict impulsive violent behaviour in men.
The monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene is an outer membrane mitochondrial enzyme that breaks down monoamines such as serotonin, noradrenalin and dopamine.
A common polymorphism in MAOA results in highor low-activity MAOA that has been linked to aggression and violence.
The researchers have found that drinking and high-activity MAOA can predict the risk of impulsive violence, while aging may decrease this risk.
Roope Tikkanen, a researcher in the department of psychiatry at Helsinki University Central Hospital and corresponding author for the study and his colleagues decided to look at the MAOA gene, alcohol consumption and aging as predictors for recidivism in impulsive violent behavior among a sample of 174 Finnish alcoholic male offenders originally recruited between 1990 and 1998.
Each offender was given a psychiatric assessment; in addition, their alcohol consumption was measured, their violent behaviour was assessed, and they were genotyped for polymorphisms of MAOA.
"Increased alcohol consumption and aging seem to predict violence," said Tikkanen, "although these risk factors "work" in opposite directions, and only concern individuals who have been given by nature a high-activity variant of MAOA."
He said additional research has suggested that individuals with low-activity MAOA seem to be at risk for criminality and violence after exposure to severe childhood maltreatment.
"People react quite differently to acute alcohol exposure," Tikkanen said.
"Most individuals become relaxed and talkative, while some particularly persons who are introverted while sober become expansively extroverted and aggressive.
A dramatic change from a normally introverted personality to extroverted aggressiveness and uncontrolled behaviours under the influence of alcohol was formerly called "pathological intoxication" in Finland," he added.
Tikkanen suggests that high-activity MAOA offenders may be helped to control their violent behaviours by coaching to maintain alcohol abstinence, and possibly by psychopharmacological treatment to increase central serotonin levels.
The study will be published in Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research and are currently available at Early View. (ANI)
- Scientists discover gene that triggers violent anger - Dec 23, 2010
- There's a gene behind male moroseness - Aug 29, 2012
- Drunken rage could be in your genes - Dec 23, 2010
- Men carrying 'warrior gene' more likely to join gangs, use weapons - Jun 06, 2009
- 'Warrior gene' turns boys into violent gang members - Jun 06, 2009
- ''Warrior gene'' makes people aggressive - Jan 25, 2009
- Presence of 'warrior gene' triggers aggressiveness in people - Jan 24, 2009
- 'Midas touch' gene that makes people brilliant businessmen discovered - Dec 29, 2010
- Gene variation behind problem behaviours in adults with developmental disabilities unveiled - Jul 22, 2009
- Certain genetic makeup reduces the brain's neurons in drug addicts - Mar 08, 2011
- Scientists pinpoint brain receptor linked with rage - Jun 20, 2012
- Playing lottery, buying insurance - all in our genes - Jan 12, 2010
- Lack of enzyme creates skewed response to fear - Aug 12, 2011
- Is alcoholism in your genes? - Nov 25, 2011
- Good luck at gambling'may be in your genes' - Dec 08, 2010
Tags: acute alcohol, additional research, alcohol consumption, alcohol exposure, childhood maltreatment, concern individuals, criminality, factors work, finnish researchers, helsinki university, impulsive violence, monoamine oxidase, noradrenalin, outer membrane, polymorphisms, psychiatric assessment, recidivism, roope, violent behavior, violent behaviour


text: Our recent studies suggested that neurons and epithelial cells sort viral glycoproteins in a similar manner. The apical influenza virus haemagglutinin was preferentially delivered to the axon of hippocampal neurons in culture, whereas the basolateral vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein was sorted to the dendrites. 1 To investigate whether other membrane proteins showed similar sorting in neurons and epithelial cells, we have analysed the localization of a glypiated (glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored) protein, Thy-1, in hippocampal neurons in culture. In MDCk and other epithelial cells, endogenous glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins, as well as mutated exogenous proteins containing the GPI-attachment signal, undergo preferential delivery to the apical surface 2-4. This polarized sorting of GPI-anchored proteins has been been proposed to occur by the same mechanisms as the sorting of glycolipids to the apical surface 5,6. We report here that the neuronal GPI-protein Thy-1 is present in hippocampal neurons in culture and is exclusively located on the axonal surface. This finding further strengthens our hypothesis that the mechanisms of sorting of surface components may be similar in neurons and epithelial cells.


the session completes. stores Lookup condition Information. stores lookup data that's Not stored in the index cache. Determining cache requirements To calculate the cache size.
the server creates one memory cache and one disk cache and one and disk cache for each partition . it stores data in memory until it completes the aggregation. server uses memory to process an aggregator transformation with sort ports. It doesn't use cache memory .idx and data files PMAGG*. that use sorted ports.It routes data from one partition to another based on group key values of the transformation. -the server names the index files PMAGG*. if the size exceeds 2GB.you don't need to configure the cache memory. Aggregator Caches when server runs a session with an aggregator transformation.you may find multiple index and data files in the directory .etc).The server appends a number to the end of filename(PMAGG*. - Index cache: #Groups ((∑ column size) + 7) Aggregate data cache: #Groups ((∑ column size) + 7) . when you partition a source.id*1.Location: -by default .id*2. the server stores the index and data files in the directory $PMCacheDir.dat.
the server allocates the configured amount of memory for each partition. the server aligns all data for joiner cache or an eight byte boundary. the server ranks incrementally for each group it finds . Server builds the cache and queries it for the each row that enters the transformation. . Index Cache : #Master rows [(∑ column size) + 16) Joiner Data Cache: #Master row [(∑ column size) + 8] Lookup cache: When server runs a lookup transformation. the server reads rows from the detail source and performs the joins Server creates the Index cache as it reads the master source into the data cache. If the rank transformation is configured to rank across multiple groups.the Informatica server replaces the stored row with the input row. the server builds a cache in memory. When it finds a match. when it process the first row of data in the transformation. Index Cache : #Groups ((∑ column size) + 7) Rank Data Cache: #Group [(#Ranks * (∑ column size + 10)) + 20] Joiner Cache: When server runs a session with joiner transformation. If two lookup transformations share the cache. it reads all rows from the master source and builds memory caches based on the master rows. the server does not allocate additional memory for the second lookup transformation. The server uses the Index cache to test the join condition. If you partition the source pipeline. After building these caches. To improve joiner performance. If the input row out-ranks a stored row. it retrieves rows values from the data cache.Rank Cache when the server runs a session with a Rank transformation. it compares an input row with rows with rows in data cache.
- The server creates index and data cache files in the lookup cache drectory and used the server code page to create the files. Index Cache : #Rows in lookup table [(∑ column size) + 16) Lookup Data Cache: #Rows in lookup table [(∑ column size) + 8] .
are changes they won't reflect.00120303049577 X 1019. that passes through it (Filter. All the changes you are making in transformation will immediately reflect in instances. Can change the number of rows. If you want to process a decimal value with a precision greater than 28 digits. Handling High-Precision Data: Server process decimal values as doubles or decimals.0) that passes through. If you enable decimal arithmetic. If you do not enable decimal arithmetic. the server passes 4. You can create reusable transformation by two methods: (a) Designing in transformation developer (b) Promoting a standard transformation Change that reflects in mappings are like expressions. If port name etc. the server automatically treats as a double value.) (b) Passive Transformation: a. lookup . Does not change the no of rows that passes through it (Expression. It is called with in another transformation and returns a value to that transformation Reusable Transformations: When you are using reusable transformation to a mapping. modifies or passes data. Rank . Normalizer. . the definition of transformation exists outside the mapping while an instance appears with mapping.) NOTE: Transformations can be connected to the data flow or they can be unconnected An unconnected transformation is not connected to other transformation in the mapping. the server passes the number as it is.Transformations A transformation is a repository object that generates. When you create a session. The value may be 40012030304957666903.. (a) Active Transformation: a. you choose to enable the decimal data type or let the server process the data as double (Precision of 15) Example: You may have a mapping with decimal (20..
changes to these can invalidate the mapplet and every mapping using the mapplet. passing data through each transformations in the mapplet. You can create a non-reusable instance of a reusable transformation. the copy does not inherit your changes You can use a single mapplet. Ports Default value for I/P port Default value for O/P port Default value for variables NULL ERROR Does not support default values . Mapplet Objects: (a) Input transformation (b) Source qualifier (c) Transformations. as you need (d) Output transformation Mapplet Won't Support: Joiner Normalizer Pre/Post session stored procedure Target definitions XML source definitions Types of Mapplets: (a) (b) Active Mapplets Passive Mapplets Contains one or more active transformations Contains only passive transformation Copied mapplets are not an instance of original mapplets. it expands the mapplets.Mapplets When the server runs a session using a mapplets. If you use a reusable transformation in a mapplet. The server then runs the session as it would any other sessions. even more than once on a mapping. If you make changes to the original.
like $DBConnectionSource. We can use session parameter in a session property sheet. you set $DBConnectionSource to TransDB1 and run the session. such as DB Connection or source file. then define the parameters in a session parameter file. The user defined session parameter are: (a) DB Connection (b) Source File directory (c) Target file directory (d) Reject file directory Description: Use session parameter to make sessions more flexible. and use it as the source database connection for the session.Session Parameters This parameter represent values you might want to change between sessions. You want to use the same mapping for both tables. you have the same type of transactional data written to two different databases. Instead of creating two sessions for the same mapping. it fails to initialize the session. After it completes set the value to TransDB2 and run the session again. you can create a database connection parameter. when the server can not find a value for a session parameter. When you create a parameter file for the session. Session parameters do not have default value. and you use the database connections TransDB1 and TransDB2 to connect to the databases. NOTE: You can use several parameter together to make session management easier. . For example.
then list the parameters and variables used in the session and assign each value. A batch parameter file has the same format as a session parameter file - . we can specify the folder and session name.Session Parameter File A parameter file is created by text editor. You can override the parameter file for sessions contained in a batch by using a batch parameter file. In that. Save the parameter file in any directory. for each session with in the parameter file. load to the server We can define following values in a parameter o Mapping parameter o Mapping variables o Session parameters You can include parameter and variable information for more than one session in a single parameter file by creating separate sections.
multi byte character data b. We can select a code page. It uses 2 bytes for each character to move data and performs additional checks at session level.Locale Informatica server can transform character data in two modes (a) ASCII a. display Operating system Locale settings Operating system code page Informatica server data movement mode Informatica server code page Informatica repository code page . Passes 7 byte. Passes 8 bytes. Default one b. The various code page components are Locale (a) System Locale(b) User locale © Input locale System Default setting for date. US-ASCII character data (b) UNICODE a. time. based on the type of character data in the mappings. Code pages contains the encoding to specify characters in a set of one or more languages. to ensure data integrity. Compatibility between code pages is essential for accurate data movement.
Cubes. mappings and source/target schemas. This can reduce the overhead of creating multiple mappings when only certain attributes of mapping needs to be changed. Unlike a mapping parameter. you can reuse a mapping by altering the parameter and variable values of the mappings in the session. Mapping objects: Source. When you want to use the same value for a mapping parameter each time you run the session. Transformation. The server saves the value of a mapping variable to the repository at the end of each successful run and used that value the next time you run the session. a mapping variable represent a value that can change through the session. If


New Center for AnimalHuman Studies
In the Netherlands, a new Center for AnimalHuman Studies (Centrum voor DierMens Studies) has just been founded.
AnimalHuman Studies is a fast growing interdisciplinary field which researches the complex relationship between animals and between humans and other animals. What place do other animals have in the cultural and social world of humans? In what ways do people communicate with animals and vice verse? In AnimalHuman Studies many different disciplines work together: socials sciences (sociology, anthropology, psychology, political science, geography), humanities (history, linguistics, literature studies, media studies, philosophy), natural sciences (ethology, animal sciences, animal welfare studies, comparative psychology).
The Center for AnimalHuman Studies in the Netherlands is a platform for researchers, teachers, students and others in the Netherlands who focus on the relationship between humans and other animals. The Center for AnimalHuman Studies is intended as a platform to exchange and provide knowledge on Animal humans studies.
You can join their network and find useful information on courses on animal-human relations in the Netherlands and abroad on their website, as well as an overview of websites, academic journals, and similar organizations. Spread the word!
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text:
Responsibility: Inventory Manager, Vision operations
Mandatory Setups to Check:
1. Make Sure there are no security rules defined when shipping the item from other Operating unit and Auto Accounting rules are defined(for Selling OU) to default the balancing segment values with Table Name as Standard Lines(Which will get the values from Standard line item or Inventory Item used)
2. Make Sure Shipping parameters are defined for both Shipping and Selling operating units.
4. Make sure that a value is assigned for System parameter 'Inventory Item For Freight'
Responsibility: Vision Japan Inventory Responsibility


text:
Filtering Posts By: "bias voltage"
02.05.2007| By Shure Notes|
Many users of professional audio equipment believe there is no difference between phantom power and bias voltage. Not true! Phantom and bias are not interchangeable. This bulletin explains the differences between phantom and bias, and addresses common misconceptions. Phantom power is a dc voltage (11 – 48 volts) which powers the preamplifier of a condenser microphone. Phantom power is normally supplied by the microphone mixer, but may also be supplied by a separate phantom power supply. Phantom requires a balanced circuit in which XLR pins 2 and 3 carry the same dc voltage relative to …


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Criminal Law Midterm Attack Outline Actus Reus 1) Acts: An act is voluntary UNLESS it is: A) Reflex B) Unconscious C) Done
under hypnosis D) Otherwise not a product of effort or determination 2) Omissions: You may have a duty to act under the following: A) Statute a) hit and run statutes require assistance B) Status relationship a) children generally have no duty to care for parents C) Contractual obligation a) cops have contractual obligation to public D) Voluntary assumption of care a) if you start to rescue someone, thats voluntary assumption b) secluding/imprisoning someone is voluntary asumption E) Failure to act + clear mens rea a) intentionally letting a fire burn house down to collect insurance money F) You created unfavorable circumstances Mens Rea 1) MPC: Rule: The MPC suggests the following mental states for criminal liability: A) Intent/purposeyou want it to happen B) Knowledgeyou know it will happen, but do it anyway C) Recklessnessyou disregard an unjustifiable risk D) Negligenceyou should know, but dont 2) CL: Rule: CL has its own mental states: A) General intent B) Specific intent 3) Strict liability (no mens rea required) Rule: If the statute provides no mens rea requirement A) MPC: The standard is recklessness. B) CL: The court weighs the circumstances (public safety, punishment, etc.) before imposing strict liability (Staples).
Causation 1) MPC: Rule: Under MPC, you have caused a result if the result: A) Would not have happened but for your conduct AND B) It was within the relevant zone of risk and intention of your conduct AND C) It was not too accidental or remote. a) applies to attempts 2) CL: Rule: Under CL, you have caused a result if the result: A) Was a foreseeable consequence of your conduct AND a) applies to attempts B) It was a normal response to your conduct. 3) MRVWCC: >Explanation: Harm must be a manifestation of the risk in virtue of which the conduct is culpable. A) Manifestation refers to the harm/result. B) Risk refers to the specific circumstances. C) Conduct refers to the s actions. D) Culpable refers to the criminality of the s actions. >Examples: however, because Os death by falling piano (manifestation) is not a foreseeable result of s shooting at O (risk and conduct), is likely not liable for causing Os death (culpable). > When to use: A) MPC: Use when causation is a question of the risk/intention or accidental/remote. B) CL: Use when causation is a question of foreseeable or normal.
Complicity 1) MPC: Rule: You are an accomplice to a crime if you A) Purposefully promote or facilitate anothers commission of a crime a) includes acting through innocent instrumentality b) attempting to aid is sufficient i) not dependent on whether substantive crime is successful (see attempt rules) c) aid by omission possible B) With requisite mental state for the crime Defenses: A) Withdrawal if a) voluntary and complete AND b) neutralizes prior assistance OR c) warns law enforcement in timely manner AND d) makes effort to prevent commission of offense 2) CL: Rule: You are an accomplice to a crime if you A) Intent for principals crime AND a) implies same mens rea as principal b) > MAJORITY RULE: You can aid any type of crime. > MINORITY RULE: You cant aid reckless or negligence crimes. B) Intentionally aid, counsel, or encourage the principal a) > MAJORITY: only purpose; may not knowingly, recklessly, or negligently aid > MINORITY: knowledge and purpose; may not recklessly or negligently aid b) must have impact on principal (actual assistance) c) being present in itself is not enough d) aid by omission possible e) crime must be foreseeable and natural consequence of aid C) Before or during the crime a) accessory after the fact is a separate crime Defenses: A) Withdrawal if a) voluntary and complete AND b) neutralizes prior assistance i) render any actual assistance ineffective ii) repudiate any encouragement c) notifies principal of renunciation AND d) before crime is unstoppable
Conspiracy 1) MPC: Rule: One or more people (unilateral) A) Intentionally a) intent to agree b) intent to commit crime B) Agree C) To a) commit a crime b) attempt a crime c) solicit a crime d) aid/abet a crime Defenses: A) Renunciation/withdrawal: a) Must be complete and voluntary. b) Must notify ALL members before object crime is committed. c) Must thwart success of conspiracy. B) Pure legal impossibility 2) CL: > MODERN RULE: One or more people (unilateral) > TRADITIONAL RULE: Two or more people (bilateral) A) Intentionally a) intent/purpose to agree b) intent/purpose to commit crime c) agreements may be implied and inferred from circumstances B) Agree a) co-conspirator must a cop under the modern unilateral approach C) To commit a crime AND a) purpose crimes only (cant conspire to be reckless) D) Overtly act toward commission of the crime a) almost any act counts (need not be SSSCCP or dangerously close) b) act can be done by any conspirator c) > TRADITIONAL RULE: Agreement suffices; overt act unnecessary. E) > MAJORITY and FEDERAL LAW: Each conspirator is responsible for the crimes of any of the conspirators (Pinkerton) if a) they are done in furtherance of the objective crime AND b) they are natural and foreseeable consequences of conspiracy c) > TRADITIONAL RULE: No Pinkerton Defenses: A) Withdrawal is no defense to conspiracy charge BUT may limit liability for substantive crime. B) > SOME COURTS: Conspiracy merges with completed substantive crime if the crime inherently involves 2 people (Whartons Rule). C) Pure legal impossibility
Attempt 1) MPC: Rule: An attempt is A) An intentional, a) requires specific intent (BUT not necessarily for the substantive crime). b) by definition may not be reckless or negligent B) Substantial step strongly corroborative of criminal purpose (SSSCCP). b) must be beyond mere preparation. c) attempt charge for attempting to aid unsuccessful substantive crime Defenses: A) Pure legal impossibility B) Abandonment a) only if complete and voluntary 2) CL: Rule: An attempt is: A) An intentional a) requires specific intent (not necessarily for substantive crime) > FL and CO: you may attempt reckless crimes (other places its reckless endangerment). B) Act toward commission of the crime. a) split of authority > MAJORITY RULE: follows MPC (SSSCCP). > TRADITIONAL RULE: must come dangerously close to completion OR > OUTDATED RULE: committed his last act toward commission. b) no attempt charge for attempting to aid unsuccessful substantive crime Defenses: A) Mistake of fact a) must negate specific mens rea B) Pure legal impossibility C) Abandonment a) > MPC-LIKE RULE: only if complete and voluntary b) > TRADITIONAL RULE: no abandonment
Solicitation 1) MPC: Not appreciably different from CL. Green focuses on CL in the slides. A) With intent to commit crime B) Encourage or request a) Uncommunicated solicitation enough. b) Renunciation if complete and voluntary before crime committed C) Another person D) To commit that crime 2) CL: Green focuses on this in his slides. A) Asking someone to commit a crime a) Recipient doesnt need to accept >MAJORITY: Message doesnt need to reach recipient >MINORITY: Message must reach recipient B) With intent to promote it. a) Suggestion not enough b) Circumstantial evidence enough
Vicarious Liability 1) Liability for individual executives/managers of underlings MPC: A) Must have minimum mens rea of recklessness (similar to Park dissent). B) Pennsylvania has a statute that adopts this rule. CL: A) Strict liability if employee has responsible relationship to the misbehavior, i.e. the power to stop the violation (Park case majority). B) Park dissent says there must be mens rea of negligence (5-4 dissent). 2) Corporate liability CL/Federal Rule: A) Any agents misbehavior within the scope of employment is culpable, even if its contrary to company policy (Hy-Vee case). This could be any employee. MPC/Caseys Rule: B) Only high managerial agents are liable. > SOME STATES: policy makers > SOME STATES: supervisors > SOME STATES: good faith defense if policy makers pay due diligence to preventing lower-level employee misbehavior.
Homicide 1) MPC: A) Murder: Doesnt distinguish degrees. Not concerned with deliberation. Goes by mens rea elements. a) Intent/purpose (to kill) b) Knowledge (substantial certainty death will occur) c) Recklessness (extreme indifference to substantial unjustifiable risk i.e. depraved heart murder) i) No felony murder, but felonies presumptively reckless (see above ^). B) Manslaughter: a) experiences extreme mental and emotional disturbance (EMED) i) EMED can last for


text:
Apple says that the random shutdown issue plaguing some iPhone 6s models may be more widespread than first believed.
The company originally said it affected a small number of devices manufactured between September and October 2015. Apple is now saying that the issue is more wide spread than originally expected and that an iOS update is on the way.
In a support document that isn't published in English yet, Apple says that it needs more diagnostic data to figure out the cause of the issue. It says that a software fix may be a possibility for devices that were outside of the original batch.
Outside the affected batch, a small number of customers reported an unexpected shutdown. Some of these shutdowns may be normal, because the iPhone will shut down to protect its electronic components. To gather more information, we will add an additional diagnostic feature to the iOS software update that is released next week. This feature collects a variety of information in the coming weeks that may help us improve algorithms for managing battery performance and shutdown operations. If such improvements can be achieved, we will deliver them through further software updates.
Late last month Apple launched a free repair program for devices with certain serial numbers, but it now appears that devices outside of the initial batch are being affected.


text:
Tackling Indigenous smoking: can the promise be kept?
The previous post highlights some of the challenges ahead for the new Health Minister Tanya Plibersek. Reducing Indigenous smoking rates is one of them, says Associate Professor David Thomas from the Menzies School of Health Research in Darwin and the Lowitja Institute.
Can Plibersek fulfil Roxon's promises on cutting Indigenous smoking rates?
David Thomas writes:
Reducing Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smoking has been a central element in the Government's efforts to Close the Gap. What does the new Health Minister Tanya Plibersek think of Nicola Roxon's promise to halve the prevalence of Indigenous smoking by 2018?
Unlike us, politicians do not have an annual cycle of New Year's resolutions that are quickly broken or forgotten by mid-January. Politicians can make rash, seemingly bold, promises to fill a sound bite on any day. These may be achievable or be proven to be embarrassingly impossible. Everyone remembers Hawke's promise that no child will live in poverty. Most are, of course, forgotten by all but a few pedantic political tragics and political foes. And timelines (like 2018) are usually so distant that the promising politician will be long gone and not accountable.
A new report (abstract freely available**) outlines the size of the task ahead.
It is well-known that Indigenous smoking prevalence is more than double that of other Australians. What is less well known is that Indigenous smoking prevalence has been coming down since the first reliable national survey in 1994.
Smoking among Indigenous men fell by about 0.4% each year, in both remote and non-remote areas, from 58.5% in 1994 to 52.6% in 2008. Smoking in Indigenous women also fell by 0.5% p.a. in non-remote areas.
These trends are about the same size as the absolute falls in smoking prevalence among all Australian women, and about half the size of the falls among all Australian men. However smoking was still increasing in Indigenous women living remote areas.
In spite of few quit support services or campaigns targeting Indigenous people, apart from those provided routinely by doctors and health services, the report found a consistent increase in quitting from 2002 to 2008. The percentage of Indigenous people who had ever smoked but had now quit increased by about 1% p.a. in men and women in remote and non-remote areas.
These encouraging trends occurred when there was little attention to reducing Indigenous smoking. This Government has committed $100m to reducing Indigenous smoking, with many new Indigenous tobacco workers, an Indigenous social marketing campaign (including television ads), and improved access to Quitline services and nicotine replacement therapy. This complements improved mainstream tobacco control policies such as the tobacco tax excise increase, the national social marketing campaigns, plain packaging, and improved smokefree and retail display legislation.
But to meet Roxon's promise, Indigenous smoking prevalence will have to fall more than six times as quickly as these historical trends, and much faster than smoking fell in the whole population in response to other campaigns in Australia or America.
Roxon's promise may be very difficult for Plibersek or her successors to realise, but at least it has been matched with clear intent and real funding by this Government.
Indigenous smoking will eventually be half the current prevalence, but maybe not by 2018, hopefully soon after. Smoking has been causing far too many deaths and too much sickness in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families and communities for too long.
In response, the Coalition has only grumbled waste and duplication, rather than come up with its own funded plan and targets.
- David Thomas is head of the Tobacco Control Research Program at the Menzies School of Health Research, and Associate Director, Research and Innovation at the Lowitja Institute, Darwin.
-• Croakey is happy to provide the full paper: leave your details below or send an email.


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Healthnotes Newswire Supplementing with iron has been found to relieve the dry cough caused by some widely used blood pressure-lowering drugs. A double-blind trial,1 published in the August issue of the journal Hypertension, found that iron (ferrous sulfate) supplements were significantly more effective than placebo at relieving the persistent dry cough caused by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), a class of drugs used to treat hypertension and heart failure. This common and annoying side effect has been reported to occur in 5% to 39% of ACEI users, often leading to discontinuation of the drug.
Researchers at the Samsung Medical Center in Seoul, South Korea, investigated the effects of iron supplementation on 19 adults who had developed a dry cough while taking an ACEI for various reasons. Participants were given either 256 mg of ferrous sulfate (providing approximately 50 mg of elemental iron) once daily in the morning, or a matching placebo for four weeks. Eight of the ten participants in the iron group showed improvement in their cough scores, whereas only one of the nine participants taking the placebo showed improvement. Three participants taking the iron supplements had almost complete resolution of their cough symptoms.
How Does It Work?
So far, researchers have been unable to definitively explain why ACEI therapy causes the dry cough, and until now no intervention short of discontinuing the drug has successfully treated this side effect. Researchers have previously found that ACEI therapy increases the generation of nitric oxide (NO), a chemical that can cause irritation and inflammation in the lungs.2 The authors of the current study propose that the iron supplement might have worked by decreasing the activity in the lungs of an enzyme called nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which generates NO. This activity of iron has been demonstrated previously in humans and animals.3 4
While the results of this trial are encouraging, there are limitations to consider. The number of subjects in the trial was small, and no crossover was performed (i.e., those in the placebo group were not later given the iron supplements to see if they, too, would respond). The researchers also did not determine if there was any change in NO levels with iron supplementation, so they could not confirm whether their theory of how iron works is correct.
Who Should Take Iron?
Ferrous sulfate is the most commonly used form of iron supplement, but it is known to produce intestinal side effects (such as constipation, nausea, and bloating) in many users.5 More seriously, researchers have linked excess iron levels to diabetes,6 cancer,7 increased risk of infection,8 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),9 exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis,10 and Huntingtons disease.11 Excessive storage of iron in the body probably also increases the risk of heart disease.12 13 14 Therefore, iron supplementation is not for everybody, not even for everybody taking ACEI and experiencing dry cough as a result.
Many doctors feel that iron supplements should be reserved for those who have an iron deficiency that has been diagnosed by blood testing. If a patient taking an ACEI (e.g., enalapril, lisinopril, captopril) experiences a persistent dry cough and iron supplementation is not appropriate, a doctor might suggest a different class of drug to treat the hypertension. A qualified healthcare practitioner or pharmacist must always supervise the use of iron or any other supplement that is taken in combination with drugs.References


Welcome to Gridironhistory
SECRETS REVEALED - The process used when researching CFB History.
I've had several people ask me about the process that I use for auditing each school/conference collegiate football history, so I decided to write a basic step by step guideline of the entire process that I use. With as detailed as this may appear to be, do note that I'm NOT tipping my hand to everything, nor am I explaining the actual in-depth detail of each step.
Just an example, I basically take a School's media guide (I'll use Eastern Michigan - Linked PDF Media guide showing year by year results) from PDF all the way through to Eastern Michigan's GridironHistory.com profile (Linked Profile here on GH).
It's important to note that I'm using what I call "Short Names". This allows for efficient naming conventions when the URL is called up in a web browser (Something like "Saint Mary's of California" would potentially break the URL on some browsers, so I use "Saint Marys" as the Short Name, and on the actual school profile page, the full name of the University is used, whenever possible.
You should also be aware that the school names that we use in our database are the CURRENT names. At some point, I will begin researching the history of each school and allow people to track a School's name changes over the years. See the second post after this one for a few examples.
Here's the process I use:
Audit Stage 1 - Individual member schools:
 - Extract the data from the PDF, brought into a Notepad file. Each line is tabbed out to organize data into columns.
 - Missing Game Dates and incorrect opponents filled in. Post Season (Bowl and playoff) games as well as Classics are indicated properly.
 - For some schools, there are often missing games from the Media Guide that are indicated in several other places.
 - Bring everything into an Excel Spreadsheet, optimize all Opponent names to standard "Short Name" conventions (See above).
 - Game Location (City) added to games that don't have this information. Game Location designators (Home, Away, Neutral, Classics, Bowls (both Bowls and Playoffs are considered "Bowls" for my purposes).
 - Wins, Ties and Losses are verified using mathematical calculations to indicate incorrectly flagged outcomes. Inconsistencies are investigated.
 - Forfeits and Vacated games indicated properly. Overtime games indicated. Any special notes (such as disputes on certain games) indicated.
 - In a separate table, indicate Bowl Wins, Conference Champions, National titles, etc.
 - Add opponents into the Schools Database table that do not currently exist (As of this post, I currently have 2,398 schools recorded in this DB)
 - Generate a master record of game counts on a year by year basis (this helps a LOT in Stage 2 and Stage 3).
- Depending on the amount of work in the first two steps, I can complete Audit Stage 1 in anywhere from 2-8 hours, per school.
Audit Stage 2 - Playing with data at a Conference level.
 - Merge all schools data from a single conference. Run a duplicate checker and remove all current duplicates.
 - Import the merged data into a Pre-Audit database.
 - Verify and correct any typos on school names against the Master Schools Database table
 - Generate a report for each school where the number of games per year does not equal the Master Game Counter table (from Stage 1).
 - Work through those and correct duplicate games. (This is where I catch Game date issues, conflicting scores, conflicting wins/losses/ties/game locations, etc).
 - Repeat the two above steps until there are NO more discrepancies between the Pre-Audit database table and the Master Game Counter table.
 - Indicate Conference games accordingly.
- Depending on the amount of corrections, this can take anywhere from 4 hours to 16 hours to complete. In many cases, I average 6 hours.
Audit Stage 3 - Bring the Stage 2 data into the previously audited records from other conferences.
 - Repeat all but the very last step from Stage 2, but with any other previously audited conference (in this case, all D1-A conferences and the 4 Independents, plus a few schools from DI-AA, DII, DIII, NAIA and NCCAA).
 - Once the current Audit Stage 2 conferences results in no conflicting data, re-run the game counter verification against all previously completed conferences and resolve those issues.
 - Once everything is correct, import the updated Conf Championships, Bowl/Playoff wins, National Championships into the Championship table (this will eventually be brought back into the Scores table to reduce the amount of queries needed on the database).
 - Launch the updated data into live production mode on the actual site itself.
- Much like Audit Stage 2, Stage 3 can take anywhere from 4 to 16 hours to verify.
I've got nearly 19 months and over 3500 hours of work into researching nearly 135 schools. When I started with the SEC, it took me nearly 3 months of work just to complete all of the steps above, except that it was done manually, without any scripts to help automate the audit process. As you can imagine, it was quite a headache to do all of the verifications.
People frequently ask where I get this information, since I'm not physically travelling to each School's library to look at their microfiche. 95% of the information comes directly from each School's media guide (I have nearly 180 media guides and archived HTML pages that came directly from the school itself). I also utilize Wikipedia as a reference point, especially when researching a School's name changes over the years. I also utilize up to 6 other CFB Historical websites to cross reference conflicting information. The key is to know WHAT you're searching for when using Bing or Google. I even have complete histories at my disposal that aren't on any of the other CFB History websites.
Does "Florida Southern University" sound familiar in terms of Collegiate Football? No? Not surprising. They only fielded a team from 1923 to 1933. :)
As I've worked through this process, and since I fancy myself a PHP/MySQL Developer, I started writing several scripts to help automate the steps above. The Admin tools on GridironHistory.com are pretty intuitive and powerfully complex, while making it *very* simple for even the most basic person to work through.
I do have to be careful, though. There is a LOT of reading and things you have to absolutely pay attention to, or you can pretty much obliterate an entire conference's data, or quite possibly the entire database itself.
With the tools that are now in place (and are constantly being adjusted to introduce new algorithms), I can now audit a 12 team conference in as little as 10 days, IF I'm left to work uninterrupted (HAHAHA!). I tend to average approximately 15-20 days, per conference.
Most of you won't even care about what it takes to be able to research the history of your favorite school. All you see, at the end of the day, is some pretty damn amazing stats.
If you managed to read through ALL of this... thank you! I hope this gives you an insight as to how detailed and how much work it actually takes to deliver the information you see on GridironHistory.com.
I hope you enjoyed learning about our audit process!
--Douglas Hazard
Lead Historian & Researcher for GH


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Alameda Creek Watershed Historical Ecology Study. San Francisco Estuary Institute: Richmond, CA.2013.
Landscape Patterns and Processes of the McCormack-Williamson Tract and Surrounding Area: A framework for restoring a resilient and functional landscape. SFEI Contribution No. 674. SFEI-ASC: Richmond, CA.2013.
Napa Valley Historical Ecology Atlas: Exploring a Hidden Landscape of Transformation and Resilience. UC Press: Berkeley. p _PHONE_.
Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Historical Ecology Investigation: Exploring Pattern and Process. SFEI Contribution No. 672. SFEI: Richmond.2012.
East Contra Costa Historical Ecology Study. SFEI Contribution No. 648. SFEI: Oakland.2011.
East Contra Costa Historical Ecology Study GIS data, GIS data produced for the East Contra Costa County Historical Ecology Study.2011.
Historical Ecology of the lower Santa Clara River, Ventura River, and Oxnard Plain: an analysis of terrestrial, riverine, and coastal habitats. SFEI Contribution No. 641. SFEI: Oakland.2011.
Historical Wetlands of the Southern California Coast: An Atlas of US Coast Survey T-sheets, _PHONE_. SFEI Contribution No. 586. SFEI: Oakland.2011.
Shifting Baselines in a California Oak Savanna: Nineteenth Century Data to Inform Restoration Scenarios. Restoration Ecology 19 (101), 88-101 . SFEI Contribution No. _PHONE_.
Historical Ecology Reconnaissance for the Lower Salinas River. SFEI Contribution No. 581. San Francisco Estuary Institute: Richmond. p 32.2009.
An Introduction to the Historical Ecology of the Watsonville Sloughs: a Tool for the Critical Coastal Area Action Plan. San Francisco Estuary Institute.2008.


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The ONCORELIEF vision is realized through a multiand trans-disciplinary user-centric approach with concrete technical and scientific objectives and builds upon the following five pillars:
Analysis of clinical settings, treatment parameters and environment dynamics and driving forces of cancer patient wellbeing
ONCORELIEF will adopt a user-centred approach (see also Pillar 5), placing the patient at the centre of the posttreatment ecosystem and analysing the parameters that affect his/her wellbeing and health status within the everyday environment (i.e. personal, social, working, etc.), resulting to the effective design of the ONCORELIEF solution. This pillar consists of the following objectives:
- Objective 1.1: To thoroughly analyse clinical settings at diagnosis, treatment and after-treatment level in conjunction with environmental parameters affecting the health status, the QoL and WB of a cancer patient focusing on the parameters of both external and personal space affecting the long-term effects of cancer treatment.
- Objective 1.2: To analyse oncology-related socio-cultural and psychological factors of personal WB and QoL focusing on the patient's everyday routine and their needs, during and after treatment.
- Objective 1.3: To record and analyse the needs of cancer-patients regarding their everyday life and activities, perceived WB, environment and after-cure improvement shortand mid-term.
- Objective 1.4: To incorporate health law and GDPR aspects in user requirements in order for the solution developed to be both ethically and legally compliant.
- Objective 1.5: To define the technology interventions positively impacting the everyday life of a cancer patient through which the project scenarios of use will be defined.
Exploiting Big Data and AI capabilities for holistic post-treatment insights generation
Amongst the cornerstones of ONCORELIEF is the employment of novel big data and AI techniques to analyse patterns and generate insights that will help to better understand and consequently transform services and knowledge that needs to be conveyed to users, which has to do with their post-treatment QoL and way of living. This pillar consists of the following objectives:
- Objective 2.1: To identify, collect and transform various heterogenous data streams into a well specified, extendable, linkable and standard-compliant data model able to describe critical factors relevant to post treatment environments and activities.
- Objective 2.2: To employ novel GDPR perspective security and privacy mechanism for enabling the secure exchange of data and the generation of trust to the ONCORELIEF platform, safeguarding private sensitive data of users
- Objective 2.3: To design a set of smart algorithms that can be used at generic levels for generating reports that provide group analytics for monitoring similar individuals and that verify or possibly lead to new clinical protocols.
- Objective 2.4: To individualize data algorithms though AI outputs for offering personalized insights and recommendations to individuals based on their specific medical history, needs, life patterns, environment and activities.
- Objective 2.5: To incorporate AI elements for the development of self-learning and incorporation of empathic features to the assistant providing it with the necessary intelligence and the empathic personalized behavioural features related with the patient characteristics, cancer type, treatment, clinical settings, etc.
Development of innovative technological elements for providing personalized wellbeing
Building upon the active user-involvement, ONCORELIEF will proceed with the development of its technological concepts, including the implementation of a novel smartphone application (ONCORELIEF Guardian Angel) and wellbeing QoL index (ONCORELIEF index) used as the basic tool for supporting the patients, and the development of a platform incorporating AI elements and advanced data processing for accurate wellbeing assessment, while integrating with low-cost, off-the-shelf sensing devices for measuring parameters of the everyday environment (i.e. personal, social, working, etc.). This pillar consists of the following objectives:
- Objective 3.1: To create a digital smart guardian angel running on a smartphone, providing personalized information on cancer-patients wellbeing and supporting them in everyday routine tasks that improve their aftertreatment quality of life and decrease their psychological stress.
- Objective 3.2: To setup a sensing infrastructure incorporating off-the-shelf sensing devices, measuring environment parameters affecting the wellbeing of the cancer-patient. In order to assess the wellbeing and status of the user, a combination of wearable sensing devices, which provide very accurate readings about the user activities and bio-signals such as heart rate or oxygen blood level, and other ambient non-wearable monitoring devices, that can greatly improve the contextual information of the user, will be used.
- Objective 3.3: To define an Index reflecting the wellbeing level of a cancer-patient taking into account (a) the clinical setting of diagnosis, treatment and after-treatment follow-up of the patient, (b) measurable parameters and inputs provided by the patient, and (c) dynamically adjusting to the treatment and after-cure changes by reflecting the overall wellbeing level of the users.
- Objective 3.4: To develop reporting tools giving useful insights and notifications to the patient regarding his wellbeing, health status, psychological wellbeing and post-treatment related needs, and on the progress regarding its condition and its measurable parameters.
Piloting in different cancer types and patient-environment settings
ONCORELIEF will be exhaustively validated and evaluated in real-life settings, for different types of cancer, taking into account cross-gender needs and diverse patient environments. Two 12-month pilot studies (Germany and Italy) are planned, with the participation of 450 patients. Additionally, pre-pilot activities will take place, focusing on ONCORELIEF technical verifications and for collecting early user feedback and incorporating it into the ONCORELIEF prototypes.
- Objective 4.1: To validate early prototypes of the proposed system and services for trial operation in semicontrolled environments aiming to use data collected to improve the technical aspects (robustness, interfaces, resources usage, etc.) of the system for the trials execution with end users.
- Objective 4.2: To validate the proposed solution for 12 months with active cancer patients following posttreatment suffering from different types of cancer, namely Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) and Colorectal Cancer (CRC), in various pilot sites. This will allow the consortium to examine the projects' impact.
- Objective 4.3: Perform controlled pre-pilot activities on the specifications and projects' early prototypes with clearly envisioned outcomes at Year 1 and Year 2 of the project that will be put under the evaluation and scrutiny of the end-users. This will help to focus on the real value delivered to end users by incorporating their feedback at critical progress milestones as well as train our data-models, thereby improving their accuracy and performance.
Active engagement of stakeholders resulting to measurable impacts
ONCORELIEF will involve the stakeholders during the whole project duration to achieve high-user acceptance, by adopting a user-centred design methodology (through the use of design thinking methods and tools) and thoroughly designing our pilots. This principle will be combined with rich dissemination activities and detailed feasibility and competition analysis for the development of an accurate go-to-market strategy. Towards this direction the following objectives will be fulfilled:
- Objective 5.1: Engage the stakeholders by adopting a design thinking methodology including six stages of involvement: define, research, ideate, prototype, deliver and learn, helping to understand better the user needs and pains, encourage inputs from a wide variety of stakeholders (patients, doctors, healthcare professionals, etc.), and design solutions that best reflect the preferences and user requirements.
- Objective 5.2: Involve stakeholders from multiple disciplines Following the previous one, this objective regards the engagement and participation in the pilots and evaluation process of a sufficient number of different types of stakeholders (e.g. patients, doctors, healthcare professionals, and psychologists etc.).
- Objective 5.3 Achieve wider user-driven steering of the project by establishing synergies with European and international associations and currently running EU R&I projects that will in turn promote and facilitate the smooth and early adoption of the proposed offerings.
- Objective 5.4: Define appropriate business and go-to market strategy in order to enable the wide, smooth and fast adoption of its outcomes by relevant stakeholders.


In 2011, the Court had to decide whether a criminal defendant who entered into a plea deal under Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 11(c)(1)(C) could petition to reduce his or her sentence under 18 U.S.C. sec. 3582(c)(2) (which permits a reduction upon a change in the Sentencing Guidelines) if the Sentencing Guidelines were later amended to lower the sentencing range for the crime the defendant was pleading guilty to. The result, Freeman v. United States, was fractured, with four justices and Justice Sotomayor disagreeing as to the conditions required to permit the reduction: the plurality held that such plea agreements were based on the Sentencing Guidelines, and so always eligible for reduction, while Sotomayor argued that plea agreements could sometimes be based on the Sentencing Guidelines, but sometimes not. The lower courts then disagreed as to which rationale should be applied. Now, in a 6-3 opinion by Justice Kennedy in Hughes v. United States, the Court resolved the confusion and sided with the Freeman plurality, holding that plea agreements should be assumed to be based on the Guidelines unless expressly stated otherwise, and thus those plea agreements are eligible for reduction under Section 3582(c)(2). Justice Sotomayor, in concurrence, expressed regret over the confusion her Freeman opinion caused, deciding that this result permitted more needed predictability in criminal sentencing. Chief Justice Roberts, joined by Justices Thomas and Alito, dissented, arguing that the majority's rationale remained as unpersuasive as the plurality's in Freeman.


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Study Shows Federal Water Subsidies Go to Largest Farms
FRESNO, Calif. A handful of large farms get most of the water and subsidy dollars delivered by the country's biggest federal water supply project, according to a study by a national environmental organization.
The Central Valley Project, authorized in 1936 to support family farms, now funnels up to $416 million of subsidized water to agricultural giants in California's Central Valley, according to a study released earlier this month by the Environmental Working Group.
Specifically, the report indicated that the top 10 percent of agricultural water users were getting 67 percent of the water.
"The system is broken," said Environmental Working Group spokesman Bill Walker.
Fixing it is more important than ever, Walker added, since the Central Valley's water districts are currently going through contract negotiations that could lock in millions of acre feet of water deliveries for decades to come -- a time when the state's booming population is expected to increase demand on the limited resource.
Representatives of Westlands Water District, the biggest beneficiary of the federal water project, called the findings "irresponsible."
The rate charged for water from the CVP is determined by law, they said, and the only break farmers get is on repayment of the $3.6 billion in public money used to build the project, an amount that is being returned over decades with no accruing interest, water contractors said.
The report said that by 2002, water users had only paid back 11 percent of the initial building cost, in part because they've been locked into decades-long contracts that set their water rates lower than what was necessary to pay back the construction costs.
Farmers argue they pay that debt back to the public by generating jobs and revenue in a region plagued by unemployment, and producing the fresh fruits and vegetables that feed the nation.
Water "is a resource that should be available to a variety of users -- and there isn't any question the public benefit outweighs the cost in this situation," said Thomas Birmingham, general manger for Westlands Water District.
Source: Associated Press


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Low cost solar panel research receives funding boost
Low cost, customizable solar panels being developed at Aalto University have received a funding boost from the Future Makers program, with Dr Ghufran Hashmi receiving €600 000 grant to develop the research further. The award is jointly funded from the Technology Industries Finland Centennial Foundation and Jane & Aatos Erkko Foundation.
'There's lots of excitement about new materials like perovskite-based photovoltaic devices at the moment, and we are in a very strong position allowing us to make devices that are very stable. Our solar panels can be made cheaply from abundant materials, using well-known production methods like inkjet- and screen-printing,' says Dr Hashmi.
These production methods provide flexibility to realize customization of deposited patterns that can give both aesthetics along with energy production. The technology looks highly promising to be integrated into building components such as facades or canopies without burdening the overall component costs. What's more attractive for commercial players is that Dr Hashmi's team can produce their solar cells and modules in regular factories, as opposed to the expensive clean-room facility that current solar panel production requires.
The low-cost solar panels now work well at the laboratory prototype scale. Stronger ties with industry will support the project's goal of producing panels on the scale needed for real-world use. 'We have received valuable feedback from some of the leading Finnish glass and energy companies, and are proceeding rapidly towards making robust and efficient building integrated photovoltaic products. This new funding will further strengthen our research and development activities in producing reliable building-integrated devices, which could be ready before the end of this new project,' says Dr Hashmi.