text:
Your iPhone has been storing general data about it's location since at least last September.
It has been doing this in an unencrypted data file that is stored on your phone and in your backup files on your computer. That file is easily accessible to anyone with physical access to your phone or your computer.
That information used to be in the inaccessible system partition of the iPhone previous to the release of iOS 4.0. This information was not contained in iPhone backups and was ostensibly accessible only to Apple or people that had Jailbroken iPhones.
Now, the information resides in a section of your iPhone's memory that is contained in iPhone backups and that is easily accessible to programs like the iPhone Tracker. Both GSM and CDMA iPhones record this location data.
Those are the facts. Anything else is conjecture or based off of unsubstantiated inside information.
The creators of the iPhone Tracker app made a short video demonstrating the way that the iPhone records your movements.
Where is the information stored?
The fact that the iPhone was collecting and keeping this data was originally discovered last September by iPhone security expert Alex Levinson. The file, called consolidated.db is stored on the User partition within the iPhone's file structure, making it accessible and allowing it to be contained in iPhone backups.
The file where this data used to be collected pre-iOS 4.0, was called h-cells.plist and it was located in the system partition and, while still accessible with enough effort, was much harder to get to and was not contained in backups.
Why was the data moved?
Some conjectures have been made that Apple moved this data in order for it to be easier for Apple itself or government officials to track iPhone users.
The fact of the matter is that the data was most likely moved for a much less nefarious reason. Developers needed access to the data to use in Multitasking and background location APIs. With the data behind the system partition, developers would not have been able to take advantage of cell tower triangulation in addition to GPS location to determine the iPhone's location.
Why is it being gathered?
There are two main possibilities for the data collection. First, it's obvious that making the data available to developers who are using location based services in their apps is necessary.
If you've ever used Google Maps and had the blue dot pop up a couple of blocks away from where you are with a large blue circle around it, that location was obtained using the same data that's stored in this file. Your exact location is then determined by the GPS radio in your phone. If you're indoors or have the GPS turned off, this data is used to approximate your location for apps that need it.
The other main reason that it could be being collected is that Apple is gathering information on the distance between, strength and positioning of cellular towers. A recent update to the iPhone Location app has determined that the information is recorded on both CDMA and GSM phones.
We've contacted Apple to confirm the exact reason that it's being gathered but have not heard back from them yet. If we receive more information we will let you know immediately.
Why is it being kept?
This is the question that many who understand what we've discussed above are asking. If your iPhone only needs it for basic positioning, then why is the data being stored long term?
One theory has been posed by John Gruber of Daring Fireball.
I don't have a definitive answer, but my little-birdie-informed understanding is that consolidated.db acts as a cache for location data, and that historical data should be getting culled but isn't, either due to a bug or, more likely, an oversight.
The supposition here is that Apple always intended for the data to be erased a short time after it was recorded. After it was used for whatever positioning purposes that it was gathered for, it would be erased from the log file. Most likely this would happen on a revolving time-frame. Once data passed out of the time frame of usefulness, it would be deleted from the end of the database.
The answer as to why it is being kept can only be answered by Apple at this point, another item that we have reached out to them for comment on.
Is the information being sent?
Here is the important question. Apple has already acknowledged publicly that they do record and transmit data about cell phone towers in a letter to congress. In that letter, prompted by an inquiry from Congressmen Edward J. Markey and Joe Barton, Apple explains that they do gather this data and that it is transmitted but that it is done so in an encrypted packet.
Whether or not the data is sent encrypted remains to be seen, but the file is certainly not encrypted on your hard drive or the iPhone itself.
Although there was never any official confirmation of this, there is a strong possibility that the mysterious data transmissions many users have seen their iPhones performing in the wee hours of the night do, in fact, contain this location tracking information. The file size of the consolidated.db file and the amount of data being transmitted are similar enough to posit a possible link.
You can read the full thread of information about those strange nocturnal transmissions here, all 86 pages worth.
Can I stop it from being recorded?
Currently the only way to stop it from being recorded is to jailbreak your iPhone and use a jailbreak app written specifically for the purpose. Turning off location services will not disable the recording of this data as it's considered diagnostic information.
You can also encrypt your iPhone backups which will protect the file from anyone attempting to access it on your machine. Doing this will not protect the file on your phone itself however.
In order for the file itself to be protected from access it would either need to be moved back to the system partition, where it is still possible to find but much more difficult for the average user, or encrypted by Apple on-device.
Should I be worried?
At worst the gathering of location data from GSM and CDMA cellular towers should be of mild concern to anyone who is in danger of their iPhone or computer being accessed by people that could be in a position to use your location to harm you.
This cross-section of people should be fairly limited.
That doesn't mean that Apple shouldn't have to do something about this file though. It's unnecessary to have all of your movements for the past 8 months just sitting on your phone. A software update that either aggressively culled the file of old data or made it more secure will most likely be incoming.
We will be sure to inform you immediately if Apple responds to our inquiries regarding the iPhone recording your location and whether or not it is in fact being transmitted.


text:
Asset forest at family foundations increasingly popular American Family Foundation acquired from ForestFinance an own bigger Finca as a sustainable property investment. The sustainable forest management for a rotational period is included in the purchase price. A particularly environmentally-friendly management of the surfaces of the investing Family Foundation was very important. So, including over 20 per cent of the total area of the management are excluded. They serve as a retreat area for rare animal and plant species. Also the farmed land are certified sustainably farmed.
A study awarded by the "Munich forest science company" recently demonstrated that biodiversity in ForestFinance is significantly higher than in monoculture forests. Up to 50 different trees and plants make up a new species-rich forest permanently, because no clear-cutting is operated during the harvest. Forest investments Wertstabil and yield strong: tropical forest investments are due to their low volatility and relatively high average returns particularly suitable for family foundations as a diversification investment. So forest investment index in the United States completed only once NCREIF during the decades with a loss for the year. Because the biological value of the trees balances short-term price declines.
The average annual return of the forest investment index amounted to over 14 per cent and cut better than all known equity indices. "Just for sustainable and long-term thinking investors tropical forest is an increasingly selected investment form", so Harry Aboagye, Managing Director of the ForestFinance group. "Because forest – especially sustainably managed tropical forests is an for decades proven instrument for safeguarding assets for responsibly investing family foundations." Asset protection by asset value forest: in times of the financial crisis investors more value put on asset protection, so that it comes to a change of in investment strategy. "Increasingly large private pulling money out of conventional financial products and" invest in real assets, such as for example tropical forests", explains Harry Assenmacher.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Virginia State Route 244
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
|Maintained by VDOT|
|Length:||8.25 mi (13.28 km)|
|Existed:||1933 – present|
|West end:||SR 236 in Annandale|
|East end:||SR 27 at the Pentagon|
State Route 244, also known as Columbia Pike, is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. It is a four-lane road that runs from State Route 236 (Little River Turnpike) in Annandale, Fairfax County east to State Route 27 at the Pentagon in Arlington County.
Columbia Pike dates to 1810 when the U.S. Congress chartered a turnpike Company to build three separate roads through the newly-formed District of Columbia to outlying destinations. One of these roads was to be built through a portion of the District of Columbia that had previously been part of Virginia. This portion was then known as Alexandria County, D.C. (now Arlington County, Virginia). The purpose of this road was to provide access westward from the new Long Bridge that predated the 14th Street Bridge complex to the Little River Turnpike Road, now Virginia State Route 236. The new road was built on a pre-existing cow path as the Washington Graveled Turnpike and was also known as the Washington Road, the Columbian Road, and the Arlington Turnpike.
Columbia Pike was first numbered as State Route 720 in 1930 from U.S. Route 1 near the Long Bridge west for around 1 mile (1.6 km). In the 1933 renumbering, it was renumbered State Route 244 and the numbering was extended first to State Route 7 at Bailey's Crossroads and then, between 1934 and 1937, further west to its current terminus at SR 236 in Annandale. With the construction of the Pentagon Columbia Pike was replaced by the Shirley Highway as the Virginia approach to the Long Bridge/14th Street Bridge. By 1944, SR 244 was truncated at the Pentagon; the piece curving away from the original alignment became a state highway in 1964. Until the 1990s, Columbia Pike accommodated rush hour traffic by reversing the direction of one lane using overhead signals. In October 2010, Virginia transferred responsibility for the eastern portion of Columbia Pike to Arlington County.
Contemporary Columbia Pike
The road is a center for Arlington's immigrant community, with many stores, restaurants, and other businesses representing south Arlington's cultural diversity. Also, a weekly farmer's market is held each Sunday during the warmer months of the year. The Pike is intersected by the Four Mile Run Trail and the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail, multi-use trails for pedestrians and cyclists leading northwest to Glencarlyn Park and southeast to Shirlington, at South Four Mile Run Drive.
In 2002, Arlington County adopted the Columbia Pike Initiative, a revitalization plan for the three-and-a-half mile corridor in Arlington. The plan called for development of a high-capacity transit system. The Columbia Pike Initiative was followed in 2003 by adoption of the Form Based Code, which guides development along Columbia Pike. In 2004, the Columbia Pike Street Space Planning Task Force recommended future transit operate in mixed traffic and that the transitway be located in the curb lanes.
Recent efforts by the Columbia Pike Revitalization Organization include the replacement of older traffic signals with newer and more aesthetic ones, and the addition of brick texture to crosswalks. County officials also teamed up with the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority to increase mass transit service along the corridor. This new program called Pike Ride remodeled bus stops and doubled bus frequency along Columbia Pike. In 2006, the Arlington County and Fairfax County Board of Supervisors approved plans of bringing railed streetcars to Columbia Pike along an either a 5 or 6-mile (9.7 km) stretch from the Pentagon to the Skyline area.
|Fairfax||Annandale||0.00||SR 236 (Little River Turnpike)||Western terminus|
|Bailey's Crossroads||4.06||SR 7 (Leesburg Pike)|
|Arlington||Westmont||6.25||SR 120 (S. Glebe Road)|
|7.28||SR 27 west (Washington Boulevard)||Partial cloverleaf interchange|
|The Pentagon||8.25||SR 27 east (Washington Boulevard)||Eastern terminus at Rotary Road|
|1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi|
- ^ a b 2010 Virginia Department of Transportation Jurisdiction Report - Daily Traffic Volume Estimates - Fairfax County
- ^ a b 2010 Virginia Department of Transportation Jurisdiction Report - Daily Traffic Volume Estimates - Arlington County
- ^ An Act to incorporate a company for making certain turnpike roads in the District of Columbia, 2 U.S. Statutes at Large 570 (Apr. 20, 1810). Unfortunately, the date is erroneously given as 1808 in some texts, which has led to confusion. See, e.g., C.B. Rose, Jr., Arlington County, Virginia: A History, p. 76 (1976).
- ^ "Commonwealth Transportation Board Approves Pike Transfer to Arlington". Arlington County. September 16, 2010. _URL_ Retrieved December 4, 2010.
- ^ a b News Release: Board Endorses Streetcars for Columbia Pike in official website of the government of Arlington County, VA, April 26, 2006. Accessed May 8, 2009.
- ^ Fairfax Co. Backs Trolley Proposal Along Columbia Pike in wtop.com: official website of WTOP, May 1, 2006. Accessed May 8, 2009.
- Virginia Highways Project: VA 244
- Columbia Pike Revitalization Organization
- Arlington's Urban Villages- Columbia Pike
- Washington Post article about proposed street cars along Columbia Pike
- Columbia Pike Transit Initiative
|< SR 719||District 7 State Routes
|SR 721 >|

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


how to submit a form using ajax without page refresh?
In this submit form using ajax without page refresh tutorial, We are going to tell you how to submit a simple php form without page refresh using jquery ajax and after form submitting it will display you all the data records from mysql database into html table. step by step learn to Submit a form without page refresh using jQuery, Ajax, PHP and MySQL
Steps to submit a form without refreshing the page
In this Post We Will Explain About is Jquery Ajax Form Submit examples using PHP With Example and Demo.
1. Create HTML form
Let's create a Simple HTML contact form which all the Data contains the user name, user email and user message fields. Create an HTML page name "index.html".

 <title>Form submit without refresh</title>

Step 3: Store data into database
ajaxsubmit.php
It's time to store data into a database and Create a table in your database table name "users".. So let's make a file called ajaxsubmit.php to write PHP source code for data connection as well as db save it into the database.Create an php file name "ajaxsubmit.php" for submit data in users Database table.
<?php
//Database connection
$dbhost = 'localhost';
$dbuser = 'root';
$dbpass = '';
$db = 'ajaxsubmit';
$conn = mysqli_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass , $db) or die($conn);

//insert into database
if(!empty($_POST)) {
 $name = $_POST['name'];
 $email = $_POST['email'];
 $message = $_POST['message'];
 mysqli_query($conn, "insert into users (name, email, message) values ('$name', '$email', '$message')");

 echo "User Name : ".$name."
";
 echo "User Email : ".$email."
";
 echo "User Message : ".$message."
";
}
?>
Read :
Read Also: PHP Ajax Form Validation without page refresh
Summary
You can also read about AngularJS, ASP.NET, VueJs, PHP.
I hope you get an idea about submit form using jquery ajax without page refreshs.
I would like to have feedback on my infinityknow.com blog.
Your valuable feedback, question, or comments about this article are always welcome.
If you enjoyed and liked this post, don't forget to share.


text:
Ever dreamed of having a vending machine in your room? With this engineering kit, you can build and experiment with your own toy vending machine. First, follow the step-by-step instructions to assemble the machine. Then test and configure it to get it working perfectly. Load your vending machine with the included soda-bottle gummy candies or any other small candies or prizes you supply, and you're in business! Insert some coins and have fun watching them get sorted, perform stunts as they slide down the tracks, dispense prizes, and finally end up in the coin bank in the base of the machine.
This awesome vending machine has four main interactive segments: First, you insert coins (quarters, dimes, nickels, and pennies) into the slot at the top and turn a knob to sort the coins. Then, the coins fall into an interactive coin track area where they slide down ramps, make jumps, and ring bells. Next, the coins fall into a device that allows you to make your "purchase" with the push of a button. Finally, your prize pops out of the machine, and the coin falls into the bank, sorted into neat stacks by denomination.
The vending machine can sit on a tabletop or hang on a wall. A small key allows you to access the vending machine compartments for refilling the prizes.
Explore lessons in physics, math, and mechanical engineering as you build and play with the vending machine. Learn about gears and other simple machines, gravity, forces, motion, and collisions. Try some simple math lessons related to the coins and money.
- Soda-bottle gummy candies included!
- Have fun engineering a vending machine
- Make coins do fun stunts and tricks and learn physics lessons
- Automatic coin-sorting bank
- Pretend-play vending machine experience
- Stands up on a tabletop or hangs on a wall
- Build your own toy vending machine that sorts coins, dispenses candy or other small prizes, and doubles as a coin bank.
- Experiment to make the coins perform cool tricks and stunts in the customizable coin track area.
- Learn about gears, gravity, forces, motion, collisions, and more — even some simple math lessons with money.
- Fun, gamified approach to engineering lessons with a sweet candy reward
- Refill your machine with your own treats and prizes for long-lasting fun.
- Insert your coins, turn the knob, make your selection, and out comes candy AND STEM fun and learning!
- Perfect companion kit to Candy Claw Machine, a 2022 STEAM Toy of the Year finalist.
Piece Count: 48
Manual Pages: 16
Product Dimensions: 13 x 11.5 x 3.8 in
Product Weight: 2.2 lbs
Manual Dimensions: 5.5 x 8.25 in


What does L-Methionine do for your for hair?
What does L-Methionine do for your for hair?
Nutrafols previous post talked about L-Methionine as an ingredient but what exactly does the substance do for your hair? Here is the answer to that question.
A recap of what L-Methionine is
L-Methionine is something known as methionine and it is classified as an essential amino acid. And although methionine may not be the most well-known nutrient out there, researchers have discovered its many uses. It is important for the functions of many different types of cells throughout your body.
and a recap of what it is used for…
The amino acid is taken as a supplement for different reasons and these are the most common ones:
 - For some health conditions, such as Parkinson's disease and colorectal cancer.
 - Improving bone strength
 - Weight loss
But maybe the most important thing it is used for is…
For healthy hair, skin and nails. Since L-Methionine is a building block protein tissue, many people take it to help their hair grow, their nails stay strong, and their skin remain youthful and healthy.
So let's talk about how L-Methionine works for your hair, skin and nails
This amino acid together with L-Cysteine, B complex vitamins, and other nutrients helps your body to manufacture new protein tissues. L-Methionine can not be manufactured directly by your body, so to be able to get your necessary supply, you need to depend on your dietary sources and supplements.
The key element of L-Methionine is sulfur. To manufacture keratin in the hair shaft, you need the sulfur. And methionine is one of four amino acids that contain sulfur (L-Cysteine being the other one). Methionine is also one of only three amino acids that help your body to build creatine, a protein that is necessary for your muscle growth and energy.
What does L-Methionine do for your for hair?
Methionine also reduces breakage and hair loss so try to include some L-Methionine supplements.
The benefits of L-Methionine
L-Methionine plays an important role to the health of your hair, skin and nails so taking this sulfur-rich compound is something that you should consider including in your everyday diet. Taking a beauty supplement that contains L-Methionine will boost the availability of protein building blocks that your body needs to make keratin and collagen. And that means beautiful hair and skin, as well as nails.
Photos by: Marciaaa. and Bharat Kumar via Flickr.


If you want to change your password, you can do so from your Smartbnb account settings.
To change your password, use the following steps:
 1. Go to Settings
 2. Click on Preferences
 3. Click on Security
 4. Enter your current password
 5. Enter your new password
 6. Enter your new password again
 7. Click on Save changes
Your password must be at least 8 characters.
We strongly recommend using a different password than any other account, especially any channels that are associated with your connected booking channels.
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You are currently viewing Can Boat Airdopes Be Connected to an iPhone
Can Boat Airdopes Be Connected to an iPhone
Boat airdopes are often used for water sports and other activities on the water. They can be connected to an iPhone using Bluetooth.
The first step is to turn on the Bluetooth function on your phone. You then need to search for nearby devices, and select the one that is labeledboat airdope". Once you have found it, tap on it and you will be able to connect your phone with the boat airdope.
Connecting a Boat Airdope to iPhone or Android
Steps to connect a boat dope to an iPhone or Android.
1) Find the correct connection port on your boat
2) Connect the device with the correct connection port
3) Turn off the sound for notifications and alerts on your phone or tablet
The most common way to connect a boat air horn to an iPhone or Android is by using an auxiliary cable.
An auxiliary cable is a type of audio cable that connects an external device to the speaker system on your phone. It's usually used for connecting headphones or speakers, but when you need to connect your boat air horn, this is the best option.
The other way to connect a boat air horn to an iPhone or Android is through Bluetooth.
Bluetooth allows you to wirelessly stream music and other audio files from your phone without having any cables plugged in.
How to Connect Your Boat Airdopes to your iPhone
If you want to connect your boat air system to your iPhone, then here are the steps you need to take.
 1. Connect the iPhone to the boat's stereo via an auxiliary cable or Bluetooth.
 2. Turn on your iPhone's Bluetooth and select the Boat Airdopes device from the list of available devices that appear on your phone screen.
 3. You will be asked for a four-digit code which is set by default as 0000, but you can change this if you want.
 4. Once connected, open up Siri and say "play music" or "play Spotify " and it will start playing music through Boat Airdopes!
Boat Air Dope Setup Options for Your Smartphone
Boat air dope setups are a great way to get your smartphone ready for use on the water.
One of the best iPhone boat airdop setups is to get a waterproof case and an armband. The waterproof case will protect your phone from water damage and the armband will keep it secure while you are on the water.
The best android boat airdop setup is to get an external battery and a waterproof case. The external battery will give you more power than your phone's internal battery, so it won't run out as quickly, and the waterproof case will protect your phone from water damage.
Conclusion
With the help of AirPods and airdop, boat owners can now listen to music and make phone calls without using their hands.
Airdop is a wearable device that lets people stream music and make phone calls from their boat. This device can be connected to an iPhone through Bluetooth.
FAQ
Can boat Airdopes 441 connect to an iPhone?
Boat Airdopes 441 is a wireless earbud that can be connected to an iPhone.
Does boat Airdopes 131 work with an iPhone?
Boat Airdopes 131 is compatible with most smartphones.
Why can't I pair my boat Airdopes?
The Airdopes earbud is a Bluetooth device that needs to be paired with your phone. Pairing your boat Airdopes earbud is simple, just follow these steps:
1. Open the Airdopes app on your phone
2. Select "Settings" and then "Bluetooth"
3. Turn on Bluetooth on your phone
4. Press the power button on the left side of the earbuds to activate pairing mode
5. Tap to pair it with your phone


text:
History of Regalia
The caps and gowns worn at Commencement connect contemporary graduates with scholarly tradition that dates back for as long as universities have existed. Clerics, ecclesiastics, and scholars wore hoods or caps and heavy gowns at European universities during the Middle Ages. Beginning in the middle of the fourteenth century, scholars wore an academic costume of "bunge and sand-colored habits."
In 1895, the Intercollegiate Bureau of Academic Costume was created in the US, and a standard code of academic dress for commencements was adopted. The academic dress consists of the existing cap and gown — the traditional bachelor's gown with long, open-pointed sleeves. To differentiate between undergraduate and graduate levels, the master's gown has its long sleeves hanging down from the elbows.


Place:Enghien-les-Bains, Val-d'Oise, France
Alt namesAngiasource: Orbis Latinus (1971) p 20
Angianumsource: Orbis Latinus (1971) p 20
Enghiensource: Wikipedia
Coordinates48.967°N 2.317°E
Located inVal-d'Oise, France
source: Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names
source: Family History Library Catalog
the text in this section is copied from an article in Wikipedia
Enghien-les-Bains is a commune in the northern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris, in the département of Val-d'Oise.
the text in this section is copied from an article in Wikipedia
Before the French Revolution, what is now Enghien-les-Bains was a lake and a marshland under the jurisdiction of Montmorency.
In 1766, a priest at the oratory of Montmorency discovered a warm sulphur spring near the lake of Enghien, and the area began to develop as a spa resort.
At the creation of the communes in 1790, during the French Revolution, the area of Enghien was withdrawn from the jurisdiction of Montmorency and divided between several communes.
In the nineteenth century, the development of Enghien led to its incorporation as a commune. The commune, which was named Enghien-les-Bains, was created on 7 August 1850 by detaching a part of the territory of Deuil-la-Barre and merging it with a part of the territory of Saint-Gratien, a part of the territory of Soisy-sous-Montmorency, and a part of the territory of Épinay-sur-Seine.
Research Tips
This page uses content from the English Wikipedia. The original content was at Enghien-les-Bains. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with WeRelate, the content of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
At the behest of Gerhard Paseman I'll describe the problem that I alluded to in name for a partial order.
Let $M = M(\infty)$ denote the set of all finite subsets of the positive integers $\mathbb{N}$. As I mentioned in my other question, $M$ has a partial order defined as follows: If $S \in M$ and $i \ge 1$ is an integer, denote by $S_i$ the $i$-th largest element of $S$. We say that $S \ge_R T$ if $|S| \ge |T|$ and $S_i \ge T_i$ for $i = 1, \dots, |T|$. For any finite subset $A \subset M$ define the polynomial $$ f_A(t) := \sum_{S \in A} \sum_{T \in A} t^{|S \Delta T|},$$
where $S \Delta T$ denotes the symmetric difference. If $ p \in (0,1)$ say that a finite subset $A \subset M$ is optimal at $p$ if $f_A(p) \ge f_B(p)$ for all subsets $B \subset M$ with $|B| = |A|$. Say that $A$ is optimal, if there is some $p \in (0,1)$ for which $A$ is optimal at $p$. Say that $A$ is isomorphic to $B$ if there is a permutation $\pi \in S_{\infty}$ (permutations of $\mathbb{N}$ which only move a finite set of elements) and a subset $T \in M$ such that $B = \{ \pi(S) \Delta T : S \in A \}$. It's easy to see that if $A$ is isomorphic to $B$ then $f_A(t) = f_B(t)$.
Another way of thinking of $M$ is to consider it to be infinite sequences of 0's and 1's with only a finite number of 1's (i.e. infinite bit-strings). Then cardinality becomes Hamming weight and symmetric difference becomes exclusive or. Isomorphic sets of bit-strings would be obtained from one another by permuting coordinates (every bit string in the set gets permuted in the same way), and then xoring everything with a common bit-string.
In (Gordon, Miller, Ostapenko) we proved that if $A$ is optimal then it is isomorphic to an order ideal for the order $\le_R$. For a fixed value $N$ for $|A|$ we were then able to make a search for all order ideals of size $N$, and then determine the optimal ones (for some $p$) among those. We were able to do this by looking at the subposet of $M$ of elements $S \in M$ such that $|\{ T : T \le_R S \}| \le N$. In particular we were interested in optimal sets whose cardinality is a power of 2. The search for cardinality 64 took about 1/2 hour. Unless we have a new idea the search for $N=128$ is out of the question. For $N=64$ there are _PHONE_ order ideals of cardinality 64, but less than 100 of them are optimal. Thus I was hoping that if there are theorems around about the structure of the order ideals of $M(\infty)$ that that might help us to make a more efficient search. In the previous question, Richard Stanley pointed out that the partial order that I was using had been studied before in one of his papers.
share|improve this question
Thank you for showing this problem. I assume in the definition of A isomorphic to B you want B= instead of A=. Also, I apologize for an earlier error. The partial order I and Libor Polak used involved multisets, not sets, of the positive integers. I shall contemplate upon this problem. Gerhard "Ask Me About System Design" Paseman, 2011.08.11 – Gerhard Paseman Aug 11 '11 at 19:03
Also, it is easy for me to get confused. A in M suggests that A is a set of numbers. A finite set A from M is a finite subset of M. By a finite set A in M I am guessing you mean the latter, but I would expect A subset M instead of what you have, which is A in M. Can I consider it a typo, and mentally substitue the subset symbol for the member of symbol in those places to get your meaning? Gerhard "Ask Me About System Design" Paseman, 2011.08.11 – Gerhard Paseman Aug 11 '11 at 19:11
_USER_: I fixed the typos (I think that I got all of them). One other thing: you can also define a different partial order on subsets of M: Say that $A \ge_D B$ if $f_A(t) \ge f_B(t)$ for all $t \in (0,1)$ (the $D$ is for dominates). It's necessary (but not sufficient) for $A$ to be maximal in this partial order (at least restricted to sets of cardinality $|A|$) in order for it to be optimal. I found empirically that almost all of the maximal sets for $N=64$ were optimal. – Victor Miller Aug 11 '11 at 22:36
Your Answer
Browse other questions tagged or ask your own question.


. Parallel artificial liquid membrane extraction
 DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
 Gjelstad, Astrid; Rasmussen, Knut Einar; Parmer, Marthe Petrine
 2013-01-01
 This paper reports development of a new approach towards analytical liquid-liquid-liquid membrane extraction termed parallel artificial liquid membrane extraction. A donor plate and acceptor plate create a sandwich, in which each sample (human plasma) and acceptor solution is separated by an arti......This paper reports development of a new approach towards analytical liquid-liquid-liquid membrane extraction termed parallel artificial liquid membrane extraction. A donor plate and acceptor plate create a sandwich, in which each sample (human plasma) and acceptor solution is separated...... by an artificial liquid membrane. Parallel artificial liquid membrane extraction is a modification of hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction, where the hollow fibers are replaced by flat membranes in a 96-well plate format....
 3. Solid-state membrane module
 Science.gov (United States)
 Gordon, John Howard [Salt Lake City, UT; Taylor, Dale M [Murray, UT
 2011-06-07
 Solid-state membrane modules comprising at least one membrane unit, where the membrane unit has a dense mixed conducting oxide layer, and at least one conduit or manifold wherein the conduit or manifold comprises a dense layer and at least one of a porous layer and a slotted layer contiguous with the dense layer. The solid-state membrane modules may be used to carry out a variety of processes including the separating of any ionizable component from a feedstream wherein such ionizable component is capable of being transported through a dense mixed conducting oxide layer of the membrane units making up the membrane modules. For ease of construction, the membrane units may be planar.
 4. Flux Enhancement in Membrane Distillation Using Nanofiber Membranes
 Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
 T. Jiříček
 2016-01-01
 Full Text Available Membrane distillation (MD is an emerging separation technology, whose largest application potential lies in the desalination of highly concentrated solutions, which are out of the scope of reverse osmosis. Despite many attractive features, this technology is still awaiting large industrial application. The main reason is the lack of commercially available membranes with fluxes comparable to reverse osmosis. MD is a thermal separation process driven by a partial vapour pressure difference. Flux, distillate purity, and thermal efficiency are always in conflict, all three being strictly connected with pore size, membrane hydrophobicity, and thickness. The world has not seen the ideal membrane yet, but nanofibers may offer a solution to these contradictory requirements. Membranes of electrospun PVDF were tested under various conditions on a direct contact (DCMD unit, in order to determine the optimum conditions for maximum flux. In addition, their performance was compared to commonly available PTFE, PE, and PES membranes. It was confirmed that thinner membranes have higher fluxes and a lower distillate purity and also higher energy losses via conduction across the membrane. As both mass and heat transfer are connected, it is best to develop new membranes with a target application in mind, for the specific membrane module and operational conditions.
 5. Membranes, methods of making membranes, and methods of separating gases using membranes
 Science.gov (United States)
 Ho, W. S. Winston
 2012-10-02
 Membranes, methods of making membranes, and methods of separating gases using membranes are provided. The membranes can include at least one hydrophilic polymer, at least one cross-linking agent, at least one base, and at least one amino compound. The methods of separating gases using membranes can include contacting a gas stream containing at least one of CO.sub.2, H.sub.2S, and HCl with one side of a nonporous and at least one of CO.sub.2, H.sub.2S, and HCl selectively permeable membrane such that at least one of CO.sub.2, H.sub.2S, and HCl is selectively transported through the membrane.
 6. Polyazole hollow fiber membranes for direct contact membrane distillation
 KAUST Repository
 Maab, Husnul; Alsaadi, Ahmad Salem; Francis, Lijo; Livazovic, Sara; Ghaffour, NorEddine; Amy, Gary L.; Nunes, Suzana Pereira
 2013-01-01
 Porous hollow fiber membranes were fabricated from fluorinated polyoxadiazole and polytriazole by a dry-wet spinning method for application in desalination of Red Sea water by direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). The data were compared with commercially available hollow fiber MD membranes prepared from poly(vinylidene fluoride). The membranes were characterized by electron microscopy, liquid entry pressure (LEP), and pore diameter measurements. Finally, the hollow fiber membranes were tested for DCMD. Salt selectivity as high as 99.95% and water fluxes as high as 35 and 41 L m -2 h-1 were demonstrated, respectively, for polyoxadiazole and polytriazole hollow fiber membranes, operating at 80 C feed temperature and 20 C permeate. © 2013 American Chemical Society.
 7. Polyazole hollow fiber membranes for direct contact membrane distillation
 KAUST Repository
 Maab, Husnul
 2013-08-07
 Porous hollow fiber membranes were fabricated from fluorinated polyoxadiazole and polytriazole by a dry-wet spinning method for application in desalination of Red Sea water by direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). The data were compared with commercially available hollow fiber MD membranes prepared from poly(vinylidene fluoride). The membranes were characterized by electron microscopy, liquid entry pressure (LEP), and pore diameter measurements. Finally, the hollow fiber membranes were tested for DCMD. Salt selectivity as high as 99.95% and water fluxes as high as 35 and 41 L m -2 h-1 were demonstrated, respectively, for polyoxadiazole and polytriazole hollow fiber membranes, operating at 80 C feed temperature and 20 C permeate. © 2013 American Chemical Society.
 8. Chemical degradation mechanisms of membranes for alkaline membrane fuel cells
 Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
 Choe, Yoong-Kee [National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba (Japan); Henson, Neil J.; Kim, Yu Seung [Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM (United States)
 2015-12-31
 Chemical degradation mechanisms of membranes for alkaline membrane fuel cells have been investigated using density functional theory (DFT). We have elucidated that the aryl-ether moiety of membranes is one of the weakest site against attack of hydroxide ions. The results of DFT calculations for hydroxide initiated aryl-ether cleavage indicated that the aryl-ether cleavage occurred prior to degradation of cationic functional group. Such a weak nature of the aryl-ether group arises from the electron deficiency of the aryl group as well as the low bond dissociation energy. The DFT results suggests that removal of the aryl-ether group in the membrane should enhance the stability of membranes under alkaline conditions. In fact, an ether fee poly(phenylene) membrane exhibits excellent stability against the attack from hydroxide ions.
 9. Amodiaquine polymeric membrane electrode.
 Science.gov (United States)
 Malongo, T Kimbeni; Blankert, B; Kambu, O; Amighi, K; Nsangu, J; Kauffmann, J-M
 2006-04-11
 The construction and electrochemical response characteristics of two types of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane sensors for the determination of amodiaquine hydrochloride (ADQ.2HCl) are described. The sensing membrane comprised an ion-pair formed between the cationic drug and sodium tetraphenyl borate (NaTPB) or potassium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl) borate (KTCPB) in a plasticized PVC matrix. Eight PVC membrane ion-selective electrodes were fabricated and studied. Several plasticizers were studied namely, dioctyl phthalate (DOP), 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE), dioctyl phenylphosphonate (DOPP) and bis(2-ethylhexyl)adipate (EHA). The sensors display a fast, stable and near-Nernstian response over a relative wide ADQ concentration range (3.2 x 10(-6) to 2.0 x 10(-2) M), with slopes comprised between 28.5 and 31.4 mV dec(-1) in a pH range comprised between pH 3.7 and 5.5. The assay of amodiaquine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage forms using one of the proposed sensors gave average recoveries of 104.3 and 99.9 with R.S.D. of 0.3 and 0.6% for tablets (Malaritab) and a reconstituted powder containing ADQ.2HCl, respectively. The sensor was also used for dissolution profile studies of two drug formulations. The sensor proved to have a good selectivity for ADQ.2HCl over some inorganic and organic


Rachel Maja, MA
Rachel Maja (MA) is a trained School Psychologist with a diverse history supporting children and youth who face a variety of exceptionalities including autism, language based learning challenges, brain injury, cerebral palsy, and various mental health diagnoses. Additionally, Rachel has a research background that supports her current work in the area of assessment, and includes interest in the study of anxiety, early exposure to stress and/or trauma, executive functioning, and criminal psychology.
Rachel is passionate about building strong relationships with parents and their children, and making the assessment process as comfortable and supportive as possible. Having spent time working within the public school system in British Columbia, Rachel is also very clear about the value of working with a team, both within the school environment and in terms of the consultation process in community. Rachel's overall goal is always to ensure that her clients receive the best support possible so that the pathway is cleared for them to live their best lives. Rachel provides pscyhoeducational assessments at The Wishing Star under the supervision of a registered psychologist on our team.


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Aimed at regulating growth in the Norwegian aquaculture industry, the Government's new 'traffic light' system entered into force on 30 October. But are the standards sufficiently stringent to ensure environmentally sound salmon farming?
According to FNI researcher Ole Kristian Fauchald, the answer is no. In his recently published report, Fauchald investigates the relationship between Norwegian regulations to ensure sustainable growth in the salmon farming industry, on the one hand, and regulations to conserve wild salmon, on the other. The 'traffic light' system, he concludes, fails to consider already existing laws that are essential in the allocation and expansion of fish farming licenses – potentially at the expense of the wild salmon.
The 'traffic light' system
In order to regulate growth in Norway's aquaculture industry a colour coding scheme – green, yellow and red, hence the 'traffic light' system – is used to identify regions where expansion can take place.
As of today, eight of the thirteen production areas have been awarded the colour green. A regulation has been proposed that will allow existing fish farms in these areas to increase their production capacity by 2 per cent. The government is also intending to auction new licences, increasing total production by 6 per cent. The five remaining production areas are coloured yellow or red, and fish farms there are only allowed to expand up to 6 per cent if they fulfil certain predefined criteria.
Taken together, the colours awarded the thirteen production areas define where the aquaculture industry can expand capacity. The colour of each production area is based on a single factor: the prevalence of salmon lice and the damage it causes to wild salmon spawn.
However, while reducing the prevalence of salmon lice is important to achieve environmentally sound salmon farming, it is far from alone. In fact, the requirements of the Aquaculture Act and the Nature Diversity Act, including the latter's quality standards for wild salmon, appear stricter than the 'traffic light' system's. Therefore, some are worried that the status of wild salmon and other environmental challenges associated with salmon farming are not taken sufficiently into account.
What is more, the government has decided in principle that all fish farms in green production areas will be allowed to expand, which might imply that that the protection of potentially endangered populations of wild salmon may not be taken as seriously in these areas.
'Norwegian authorities have identified 465 distinct salmon populations of which 148 have been assessed. The results show that the quality standards for 119 of these populations have not been met. In this situation, it would seem irresponsible to initiate a new regulatory regime designed to facilitate expansion in the salmon farming industry insofar as the industry has been identified as the main threat to wild salmon populations', Fauchald says.
'My legal assessment of the new regime is that it pays insufficient attention to existing rules adopted to protect the environment. It is therefore not unlikely that the new regime will face a number of stumbling blocks when it is implemented unless the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries implements appropriate procedures before making the final decisions. My report sets out the main elements the Ministry should consider', Fauchald continues.
Science and policy decisions
The wider process leading to the adoption of the 'traffic light' system has suffered from several shortcomings. In spite of being developed by public authorities in close consultation with research institutions, the actual consequences have not been sufficiently identified and assessed.
'A fundamental principle of Norwegian environmental law has been ecosystem management. This principle was adopted partly in response to progress in the natural sciences regarding the need for more advanced approaches to management of natural resources. However, in this case we see that relevant research institutions have contributed to the establishment of a management regime that is very far from being based on an ecosystem approach. I have been very puzzled by the absence of considerations of the impacts on ecosystems when studying the input from the scientific community to the design of the management regime', Fauchald explains.
The report was carried out on behalf of Norske Lakseelver, an organization for rights holders to fish in watercourses with salmon, lake trout and sea char. It was delivered to the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries on 15 November.


text:
Submitted to: American Chemical Society Abstracts
Publication Type: Abstract only
Publication Acceptance Date: 4/20/2014
Publication Date: N/A
Citation: Interpretive Summary:
Technical Abstract: Unambiguous investigation of condensed tannin (CT) structure-activity relationships in biological systems requires the use of highly enriched CT fractions of defined chemical purity. Purification of CTs from Sorghum bicolor, Trifolium repens, Theobroma cacao, Lespedeza cuneata, Lotus pedunculatus, and Lotus corniculatus was accomplished by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography using gradient elution schemes. We found that the degree of CT enrichment and need for further purification by chromatography could be rapidly assessed in minutes by subjecting fractions to 1H-NMR spectroscopy. These assessments were independently corroborated by a more time-consuming, but quantitative thiolysis procedure. Further examination of CT fractions by 1H-13C HSQC NMR spectroscopy provided a more detailed assessment of impurities, some of which (carbohydrateand lipid-derived) avoid detection by UV absorption-based detectors commonly used for CT chromatography. Researchers can now rely on a rapid 1H-NMR analysis to assess the purity of CT fractions, even with low-field (360 MHz) NMR instruments.


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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
|Title:||Uncertainty analysis in software reliability modeling by Bayesian approach with maximum-entropy principle|
|Citation:||Dai, Y.-S., Xie, M., Long, Q., Ng, S.-H. (2007-11). Uncertainty analysis in software reliability modeling by Bayesian approach with maximum-entropy principle. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 33 (11) : 781-795. ScholarBank@NUS Repository. _URL_
|Abstract:||In software reliability modeling, the parameters of the model are typically estimated from the test data of the corresponding component. However, the widely used point estimators are subject to random variations in the data, resulting in uncertainties in these estimated parameters. For large complex systems made up of many components, the uncertainty of each individual parameter amplifies the uncertainty of the total system reliability. Ignoring the parameter uncertainty can result in grossly underestimating the uncertainty in the total system reliability. This paper attempts to study and quantify the uncertainties in the software reliability modeling of a single component with correlated parameters and in a large system with numerous components. Previous works on quantifying uncertainties have assumed a sufficient amount of available data. However, a characteristic challenge in software testing and reliability is the lack of available failure data from a single test which often makes modeling difficult. This lack of data poses a bigger challenge in the uncertainty analysis of the software reliability modeling. To overcome this challenge, this paper proposes to utilize experts' opinions and historical data from previous projects to complement the small number of observations to quantify the uncertainties. This is done by combining the Maximum-Entropy Principle (MEP) into the Bayesian approach. This paper further considers the uncertainty analysis at the system level which contains multiple components, each with its respective model/parameter/uncertainty using a Monte Carlo approach. Some examples with different modeling approaches (NHPP, Markov, Graph theory) are illustrated to show the generality and effectiveness of the proposed approach. Furthermore, we illustrate how the proposed approach for considering the uncertainties in various components improves a large-scale system reliability model. © 2007 IEEE.|
|Source Title:||IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering|
|Appears in Collections:||Staff Publications|
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text:
See what questions
a doctor would ask.
Matrix Attachment Regions: Regions of the CHROMATIN or DNA that bind to the NUCLEAR MATRIX. They are found in INTERGENIC DNA, especially flanking the 5' ends of genes or clusters of genes. Many of the regions that have been isolated contain a bipartite sequence motif called the MAR/SAR recognition signature sequence that binds to MATRIX ATTACHMENT REGION BINDING PROTEINS.
Source: MeSH 2007
These medical condition or symptom topics may be relevant to medical information for Matrix Attachment Regions:
Search to find out more about Matrix Attachment Regions:
Search Specialists by State and City

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Gastric cancer under 30
papilloma intraductal breast como eliminar por completo los oxiuros
Several aspects of the oncological and surgical management are still controversial and so gastric cancer represents a challenge for the surgeon.
This book aims to delineate the state of the art in the surgical and oncological treatment of gastric cancer, describing the new TNM staging system, the extent of visceral resection and lymphadenectomy focusing on the different open and minimally invasive surgical techniques and discussing intraoperative chemohyperthermia and gastric cancer under 30 and adjuvant treatment.
Operative endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography gastric cancer under 30 also discussed, as these now have an important role in both diagnostic work-up and palliative care of gastric cancer patients.
hpv viry lecba hepatic cancer symptoms
Only a multidisciplinary approach involving the surgeon, gastroenterologist, and oncologist can produce the comprehensive and integrated overview that today constitutes a winning strategy for the optimization of results.
What we hope we have achieved is a flexible, up-to-date, exhaustive publication, rich in illustrations and consistent with evidence-based medicine.
gastric cancer under 30 hpv or human papilloma virus


An investigation of enhanced secondary ion emission under Au n + (n=1–7) bombardment
Abstract
We investigate the mechanism of the nonlinear secondary ion yield enhancement using Au n + (n=1, 2, 3, 5, 7) primary ions bombarding thin films of Irganox 1010, DL-phenylalanine and polystyrene on Si, Al, and Ag substrates. The largest differences in secondary ion yields are found using Au+, Au 2 + , and Au 3 + primary ion beams. A smaller increase in secondary ion yield is observed using Au 5 + and Au 7 + primary ions. The yield enhancement is found to be larger on Si than on Al, while the ion yield is smaller using an Au+ beam on Si than on Al. Using Au n + ion structures obtained from Density Functional Theory, we demonstrate that the secondary yield enhancement is not simply due to an increase in energy per area deposited into the surface (energy deposition density). Instead, based on simple mechanical arguments and molecular dynamics results from Medvedeva et al, we suggest a mechanism for nonlinear secondary ion yield enhancement wherein the action of multiple concerted Au impacts leads to efficient energy transfer to substrate atoms in the near surface region and an increase in the number of secondary ions ejected from the surface. Such concerted impacts involve one, two, or three Au atoms, which explains well the large nonlinear yield enhancements observed going from Au+ to Au 2 + to Au 3 + primary ions. This model is also able to explain the observed substrate effect. For an Au+ ion passing through the more open Si surface, it contacts fewer substrate atoms than in the more dense Al surface. Less energy is deposited in the Si surface region by the Au+ primary ion and the secondary ion yield will be lower for adsorbates on Si than on Al. In the case of Au n + the greater density of Al leads to earlier break-up of the primary ion and a consequent reduction in energy transfer to the near-surface region when compared with Si. This results in higher secondary ion yields and yield enhancements on silicon than aluminum substrates.
Published online March 16, 2005


- which is the best language course or software - compare
Liron alphabet Liron
Liron Script was invented by Ruth Hinckley to take notes while people were looking over her shoulder. The script is similar enough to English letters that it can still be read at a glance with a little practice. It was influenced by the Runic alphabets, and was designed to be written with only straight lines - vertical and diagonal - as if carving into wood or stone. The numbers were invented independently by Tom Cook, and added to the alphabet in a collaborative effort.
All characters are drawn with a downward motion, the vertical line drawn first followed by the diagonals. Though there are capital letters in Liron Script, these are primarily used for typing, and seldom for writing by hand. Both Ruth and Tom currently use the script to add flavor to their individual roleplay campaigns
Notable features
Liron alphabet
Liron alphabet for English
Sample text (printed)
Sample text in the Liron alphabet
Sample text (handwritten)
Sample text in the Liron alphabet
(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)
Download a font for Liron (TrueType, 11K)
If you have any questions about the Liron alphabet, you can contact Ruth at:
Other constructed scripts for English
Learn Chinese Characters with the Omniglot Chinese app | Language Jobs at
Hosted by Kualo


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Bent Street, Paddington, is one of the most curious streets in Sydney history. Although having only 32 houses in the street by 1920, this small street contained a cross section of Australian life during the time examined, from 1890 to 1920. The street contained shops, a coal depot, magistrates, landlords, labourers, miners, tenants, and all the other groups of people that inhabited the streets. In it also resided the first Australian Labor Party Prime Minister, John Christian Watson.
The street came into prominence when an article appeared in the Sydney Mail, 9 August 1916, p.12. It was inspired by the local ALP M.L.A., Mr. Osborne, who collected 29 portraits of soldiers from Bent and sent them Sydney Mail.
The album describes the named inhabitants of each house over the period from 1890 to 1920. In addition, the 29 pictures are named with a brief military biography attached to them. Where ever possible, they are located at the house in which the person lived.
The street numbering created a great deal of confusion amongst the information collectors. Where a dual number appears, this was the result of number confusion. For example, there never was No. 6 Bent Street but this did not prevent people from describing No. 8 as No. 6. In addition to that, in 1900, houses were built at numbers 23, 25, and 27. However No. 27 was further subdivided into three houses named "Osraston", "Matlock", and "Chellaston". This created its own confusion until the numbers were corrected in 1919. So the houses from 29 onwards have two numbers, the pre and post 1919 house number.
A full listing of the Bent Street Album may be found at:


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Research improves air quality underground
Research by three Monash engineers is set to improve the quality of air in underground coal mines in Australia by reducing diesel particulate matter (DPM) released into the air.
Funded through a $275,000 Australian Coal Association Research Program (ACARP) grant, the team used in-house research facilities at Monash Diesel Engine Facility (MDEF) and the Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy (MCEM) to study diesel particulate filters.
In 2012, DPM was ruled a Group 1 carcinogen by the World Health Organisation. Recent studies on diesel exhaust particles have drawn attention to the increased risk of cardiovascular and pulmonary disease caused by exposure to DPM. This is a particular concern in underground mines where the environment is confined.
Dr Varun Rao, Dr Daya Dayawansa and Professor Damon Honnery from the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Monash, found water evaporation due to the high temperatures in diesel exhaust systems, as well as condensation caused by a temperature drop in the diesel particulate filter, caused poor filter life.
Their report, 'Reducing Diesel Particulate Matter in Underground Mines by Optimising Design and Operation of Diesel Exhaust Systems', describes how reducing the temperature drop significantly reduced water retention in the filter.
The team proposes to continue working with ACARP to redesign the diesel exhaust system. If successful, they believe this will significantly reduce coal workers' DPM exposure.
"Given recent research demonstrating the adverse health effects of DPM, it is becoming increasingly important that exposure of workers to this carcinogenic emission is limited," Dr Rao said.
The team is also working on replacing diesel power in underground coal mines with electric motors, having recently completed a three-year long $600,000 project to develop safe electric personnel transport vehicles to replace the diesel-powered vehicles currently used.
"Electric vehicles are the ultimate solution to the DPM problem, and we envisage that in the long term they will replace the diesel engine for underground use," Professor Honnery said.


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Trans-boundary and intercultural research in partnership is challenging. This is particularly the case when cooperation takes place between rich and poor countries. This guide is based on 11 principles and 7 key questions. They aim to build research partnerships in the most constructive, balanced and results-oriented manner.
The 11 principles address basic challenges and offer practical guidance. Applying these eleven principles should support the partners in building trust and assuming mutual responsibility. The 7 key questions deal with issues that can hinder or facilitate meaningful cooperation in different contexts. They make it easier to understand the nature and context of the partnership.


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Common Names: American giant millipede, North American millipede, worm millipede, iron worm
In general, bodies of millipedes are long and cylindrical, with many segments that are covered by a cuticle consisting of three layers. Two pairs of legs per segment. Length up to 4 inches. Colors are red/orange and black/brown.
Found in forests and agricultural areas in the soil-litter layer interface under rocks, boards, dead trees, and piles of moist dead leaves. They are also found in urban and suburban areas.


text:
Makar Sankranti, which has been celebrated on January 14 for the last 100 years, will from 2019 be marked on January 15 or January 16, except in 2021.
What is sankranti?
Makar Sankranti marks the end of Malmaas, an inauspicious month in the Hindu (Panchang) calendar, and the transition of the Sun to the zodiacal sign of Makar (Capricorn) to herald a change in season. It is celebrated in the north as Lohri, in Assam as Bhogali Bihu and in the south as Pongal.
Makar Sankrati's special significance is the Sun rays coming from the direction of North which is supposed to be the abode of gods. Hence, from this day, good forces are on the rise and the power of evil forces which reside in the direction of South diminishes," said Pt Anand Shankar Vyas of Ujjain.
Why the shift?
According to Pandit Diwakar Tripathi 'Poorvanchali', director of the Utthan Jyotish Sansthan that decides on the Hindu annual calendar, there is a change in the planetary configuration of the Sun, on the basis of which the calendar is decided.
What stays unchanged?
Lohri, Pongal and Bihu will continue to be celebrated on January 13 and 14 because they are held according to date, and not as per the transition of change in the Hindu calendar


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Definition of Custard apple
1. Noun. Any of several tropical American trees bearing fruit with soft edible pulp.
Group relationships: Annona, Genus Annona
Specialized synonyms: Annona Cherimola, Cherimoya, Cherimoya Tree, Annona Diversifolia, Ilama, Ilama Tree, Annona Muricata, Prickly Custard Apple, Soursop, Soursop Tree, Annona Reticulata, Bullock Heart, Bullock's Heart, Bullock's Heart Tree, Annona Squamosa, Sweetsop, Sweetsop Tree, Annona Glabra, Pond Apple, Pond-apple Tree, Asimina Triloba, Papaw, Papaw Tree, Pawpaw
Generic synonyms: Fruit Tree
2. Noun. The fruit of any of several tropical American trees of the genus Annona having soft edible pulp.
Specialized synonyms: Cherimolla, Cherimoya, Guanabana, Soursop, Bullock's Heart, Jamaica Apple, Annon, Sugar Apple, Sweetsop, Ilama, Pond Apple
Group relationships: Custard Apple Tree
Definition of Custard apple
1. Noun. A tree native to the tropical New World. Scientific name: ''Annona reticulata.'' ¹
2. Noun. The fruit of this tree. ¹
3. Noun. Sugar apple, a related fruit. ¹
¹ Source: wiktionary.com
Custard Apple Pictures
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Custard Apple Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Custard Apple
Literary usage of Custard apple
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States: Canada and the British by Nathaniel Lord Britton, Addison Brown (1897)
"CUSTARD-APPLE FAMILY. Trees or shrubs, generally aromatic, with alternate entire leaves. Stipules none. Sepals 3 (rarely 2), valvate or rarely imbricate...."
2. Southern Wild Flowers and Trees: Together with Shrubs, Vines and Various by Alice Lounsberry (1901)
"The custard apple and the species that follow would perhaps be the ones more generally encountered. A. reticulata principally differs from the foregoing..."
3. Chambers's encyclopædia by Chambers W. and R., ltd (1874)
"custard apple, the name commonly given in the West Indies and other tropical countries to the fruits of certain species of Anona, a genus of trees of the..."
4. Plant Life of Alabama: An Account of the Distribution, Modes of Association by Charles Theodore Mohr (1901)
"custard apple Family. ASIMINA Adán«. Kam. I'l. 2:365. 1763.1 About 7 specie--, t rccand shrubs of warmer America...."
5. Fruit Recipes: A Manual of the Food Value of Fruits and Nine Hundred by Riley Maria Fletcher Berry (1907)
"The fruit which bears the family name individually, the custard apple, or Bullock's Heart (.A. reticulata), resembles distantly the wild Northern papaw...."
6. The Plant World by Plant World Association, Wild Flower Preservation Society (U.S.), Wild Flower Preservation Society of America (1905)
"... the alligator pear, the custard apple, the cherimoya and the red fruits of the akee. Among the many unfamiliar flowers, we noted the scarlet hibiscus,..."


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Throughout history, dogs have learned to obey the hand signals and voice commands of people. Now a new two-way communication system could give man's best friend a new way to talk back to his or her human handler.
The key to talking with Fido relies on a small computer and body sensors that work together to interpret a dog's posture—a way to translate canine body language for humans to understand. On the other side, human handlers can communicate orders to their four-legged friends using vibrating motors in the dog's haptic harness. Such a system may prove useful for guide dogs working with the blind, military working dogs, and dogs used for search and rescue.
"Dogs communicate primarily through body language, and one of our challenges was to develop sensors that tell us about their behavior by observing their posture remotely," said David Roberts, a professor of computer science at North Carolina State University, in a press release. "So we can determine when they're sitting, standing, running, etc., even when they're out of sight—a harness-mounted computer the size of a deck of cards transmits those data wirelessly."
The dog harness also has sensors capable of monitoring the dog's heart rate, body temperature, and stress levels. Roberts and his colleagues have also tweaked the harness for rescue missions by adding a camera, microphone, and sensors for detecting gas leaks. They published their work in the journal IEEE Intelligent Systems.
Existing systems for communicating with dogs include devices tailored for military dogs working with soldiers or special forces units. The military dog "Cairo" that deployed alongside U.S. Navy SEALs to take down Osama Bin Laden wore tactical body armor made by Canada-based K9 Storm that included a speaker to relay the human handler's vocal commands to the dog, according to Fast Company. But the "Cyber-Enhanced Working Dog" envisioned in the recent IEEE paper could boost human-dog cooperation to new heights with the help of compact, wearable electronics.
The growing use of robots for search and rescue during disasters—or as military assets on the battlefield—is providing humans with new companions capable of obeying exact commands without the interpretation issue. But dogs remain irreplaceable for certain tasks with their keen sense of smell, intelligence and mobility. Some dogs may even get their own robots that they deploy via bark control.
Jeremy Hsu has been working as a science and technology journalist in New York City since 2008. He has written on subjects as diverse as supercomputing and wearable electronics for IEEE Spectrum. When he's not trying to wrap his head around the latest quantum computing news for Spectrum, he also contributes to a variety of publications such as Scientific American, Discover, Popular Science, and others. He is a graduate of New York University's Science, Health & Environmental Reporting Program.


text: Structure of the human Bach2 POZ domain. (a) Ribbon representation of the form I (Cys20 reduced) and form II (Cys20 oxidized) structures of the human Bach2 POZ domain. Secondary-structure elements of the A subunit are labelled; a prime (′) indicates a secondary-structure element of the B chain. The lower images depict an enlargement of the region surrounding the Cys20 residue; S atoms are coloured orange. A 2Fo − Fc electron-density map is shown contoured at 1.5σ. The charged pocket and lateral grooves are indicated; these regions have previously been described in other POZ-domain proteins (Ahmad et al., 1998, 2003). (b) Size-exclusion chromatograpy of wild-type and mutant Bach2 POZ domains using Superdex 75. The top left trace represents the elution profile of marker proteins (low-molecular-weight gel-filtration calibration kit; GE Healthcare). Sizes are indicated in kDa. The wild-type and mutant Bach2 POZ domains eluted at volumes corresponding to dimeric species.


Main Content
Bootstrapping a Default Probability Curve
This example shows how to bootstrap default probabilities from CDS market quotes. To bootstrap default probabilities from bond market data, see bondDefaultBootstrap. In a typical workflow, pricing a new CDS contract involves first estimating a default probability term structure using cdsbootstrap. This requires market quotes of existing CDS contracts, or quotes of CDS indices (e.g., iTraxx). The estimated default probability curve is then used as input to cdsspread or cdsprice. If the default probability information is already known, cdsbootstrap can be bypassed and cdsspread or cdsprice can be called directly.
The market information in this example is provided in the form of running spreads of CDS contracts maturing on the CDS standard payment dates closest to 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 years from the valuation date.
Settle = '17-Jul-2009'; % valuation date for the CDS
MarketDates = datenum({'20-Sep-10','20-Sep-11','20-Sep-12','20-Sep-14',...
MarketSpreads = [140 175 210 265 310]';
MarketData = [MarketDates MarketSpreads];
ZeroDates = datenum({'17-Jan-10','17-Jul-10','17-Jul-11','17-Jul-12',...
ZeroRates = [1.35 1.43 1.9 2.47 2.936 3.311]'/100;
ZeroData = [ZeroDates ZeroRates];
[ProbData,HazData] = cdsbootstrap(ZeroData,MarketData,Settle);
The bootstrapped default probability curve is plotted against time, in years, from the valuation date.
ProbTimes = yearfrac(Settle,ProbData(:,1));
plot([0; ProbTimes],[0; ProbData(:,2)])
grid on
axis([0 ProbTimes(end,1) 0 ProbData(end,2)])
xlabel('Time (years)')
ylabel('Cumulative Default Probability')
title('Bootstrapped Default Probability Curve')
The associated hazard rates are returned as an optional output. The convention is that the first hazard rate applies from the settlement date to the first market date, the second hazard rate from the first to the second market date, and so on, and the last hazard rate applies from the second-to-last market date onwards. The following plot displays the bootstrapped hazard rates, plotted against time, in years, from the valuation date:
HazTimes = yearfrac(Settle,HazData(:,1));
stairs([0; HazTimes(1:end-1,1); HazTimes(end,1)+1],...
grid on
axis([0 HazTimes(end,1)+1 0.9*HazData(1,2) 1.1*HazData(end,2)])
xlabel('Time (years)')
ylabel('Hazard Rate')
title('Bootstrapped Hazard Rates')
See Also
| | | |
Related Topics


text:
On October 29th 2020, the renowned Swiss Historian and Peace Researcher Dr. Daniele Ganser came to Vienna as part of a popular series of lectures. Just a few days before the 2nd Corona Lockdown was imposed in Austria, Dr. Ganser chose to focus his lecture on 2020's topic of the year: "Corona and Fear"
In his lecture, Dr. Ganser highlights the 3 central fears that people all over the world suffered from in 2020:
– The fear of the Coronavirus
– The fear of Poverty
– The fear of Dictatorship
Dr. Ganser emphasizes the importance of taking each of these fears seriously and that it cannot and should not be about balancing them against each other, trivializing them or belittling them. The historian further explains that all three fears trigger the primal human fear; the fear of death.
He recommends observing these three fears within oneself and in friends, and then to rate the strength of each respective fear on a scale from 0 (no fear at all) to 10 (extremely strong fear). The Swiss scientist reminds us of the miracle that our brain is, weighing just over a Kilogram and consisting of over 100 Billion nerve cells, which are connected to each other via synapses.
Therefore, the peace researcher Dr. Daniele Ganser recommends to practice listing positive points of one's life, especially during these more difficult times, as this re-links the nerve cells, facilitates the discovery of inner peace and helps us to overcome fear.
Subscribe to the Daniele Ganser YouTube channel: _URL_


Exclusive Trekking
A day spent trekking with our friend Nyoman Alit and his family is a very special experience. They live in a remote village high on the slopes of Batu Karu. This trek takes you through a veritable Garden of Eden as we explore jungle, bamboo forests and rice sawahs. This experience is a rare privilege providing a wonderful insight into a life which is fast disappearing. A photographer's dream.
Exclusive Cooking Class
Take a walk through a local village and learn about the Balinese traditions and customs. Then enjoy the hospitality and wisdom of Dewa and Jero as they explain the medicinal benefits of the food that we will prepare together.
Other Local Walks
Our staff can take you on walks through the rice fields and explain the rice growing process, the religious significance of the temples, and the traditional Balinese beliefs and ways of life.
If you wish, we can also organise:
Bali Bird Walk
Sui Made is a local lady with extraordinary knowledge relating to Balinese bird life. On her walks she points out the rice paddy animal and bird life that goes on around us.
Batik Courses
There are two kinds of courses available. One uses natural indigo dyes, the other has you creating batik hangings.


Kazakhstan's population in _PHONE_
Historical and demographic trends in Kazakhstan's population during the Soviet Period
In the beginning of the 20th century social and demographic situation in Kazakhstan developed under the condition of the presence of the Russian Federation and was shadowed by the previous period: penetration of Russian and foreign capital, colonization of lands favorable for agriculture, displacement of Kazaks from their lands and decomposition of their traditional economy continued.
In 1917 the population of the region increased to 6228,3 thousand people or, compared with 1897, — to 50,2%. The national compositions of Kazakhstan's population changed as well: the number of the Russians increased in 2,4 times while their specific weight came to 17,5%; the number of the Ukrainians increased in 8,2 times while their specific weight reached 10,4%. Territorial housing of the Russians and Ukrainians distinguished by its unevenness.
In the years ahead spontaneous migration to Kazakhstan didn't stop. In _PHONE_ peasants from Russian and Ukrain as well as the Kazakhs from different corners of the country moved to Kazakhstan. According to the Decree about the Land, refugees from the Eastern Kazakhstan received piece of land. In 1920 in Semirechie region 10 167 Kazakh and Kirghiz farms took back 123 thousand tithes of land; 1,5 thousand families arrived to Zaisan district.
Urban population, in general, consisted of the Russians (52,8%) and the Ukrainians (5,9%). The Kazakhs formed only 14,5% of city dwellers. Their share in total population was represented irregularly: from 1,6% in Kostanay district to 70,1% in Adai district (12,8% — in Akmolinsk province, 13,7% — in Aktubinsk province, 21,6% — in Semipalatinsk province, 21,9% — in Syrdariya district, 18,8% — in Uralsk district, 6,9% — in Dzhetysuisk district). Uneven settlement of the Kazakhs in the cities of Kazakhstan influenced the cities of the Southern region which were divided into two parts: "new city" where primarily the Russians and representatives of other nationalities lived and "old city" where the Kazakhs settled — these were outskirts located close to the steppe.
Rural population of the republic was greater in number than the urban and formed 91,6% of all inhabitants of Kazakhstan. The Kazakhs were, primarily, agrarian ethnos. Their share in the composition of population of the rural are formed, in general, 61%, including 97,4% — in Adai district, 81% — in Syrdaria district, 73,3% — in Uralsk district, 72,1% — in Aktubinsk district, 67,7% — in Dzhetusuisk district, 58,2% — in Semipalatinsk district. The lowest unit weight of the Kazakhs among rural population in Kustanai district was 33,8%.
In the end of 1920-1930s Kazakhstan became one of the strategic parts of the strategy of Bolsheviks on transformation of the Soviet Union from agrarian country into industrial. In this strategy Kazakhstan obtained the role of main industrial and raw foundation of the country. In this regard, reconstruction of agriculture was planned and measures for including natural and energetic resources into economic circle were designed.
High speed of economic development required permanent inflow of labor force. The problem of manpower resources was solved, on the one hand, by the destruction of traditional nomadic way of life of the Kazakh ethnos during sedentarization and collectivization and, from the other hand, by the activation of migration policy and organization of various institutions subordinate to the GULAG (Main Camp Administration), special labor settlements, prisons, labour training camps and colony.


Can I Give My Dog Beano?
Can I Give My Dog Beano?If your dog often has a bad case of gas, you may be hoping that Beano can work for them. But is it really something that can also work effectively and safely for dogs?
In contrast, gas in humans is usually easily explainable. We tend to eat a lot of different foods on a daily basis. We also know which foods give us gas and which ones don't. People successfully take a Beano dose prior to eating things like cruciferous vegetables which can include broccoli or cauliflower. With a dog though, they should be primarily eating their formulated dog food.
As such, a recurring gas problem could be a sign that something else is wrong. If that's the case then Beano certainly isn't the answer. In fact, it's usually not a good idea to treat just symptoms in dogs. Actually, that's also true for humans but we won't get into that here. Just know that you could be masking something in your dog that merits more attention.
Can I Give My Dog Beano? Answer: Not Recommended
Beano works proactively and if your dog already has gas, you won't be doing them any favors by giving them some.
Further, providing a dog Beano before they eat is also not really a good idea. The enzymes it contains are made for the human digestive system. There are some specially formulated products which are similar to Beano, but they are for dogs. You can get them from your vet, online, or from most pet stores.
However, this is not typically something that they should need. If they are getting the right sort of food on a daily basis, all things equal, then very bad gas doesn't occur very often. The cause of chronic gas needs to be figured out, preferably with a vet's diagnosis, in order to rule out and ultimately eliminate such a condition. This is better rather than introducing something new, such as Beano, into your dog's system.
Give Them the Good Stuff
Prevent your dog from getting gas by feeding them specially formulated and quality dog food. Don't buy the stuff that is dirt cheap at the supermarket. Dogs need good dog food and anything outside of that will cause them stomach irritation including too much gas.
Beano is also not the cheapest thing on the planet. Giving it to your dog while feeding them low-grade dog food or table food isn't the most economical or smartest thing to do.
A much better approach is to be preemptive and put your hard earned money into the best possible, vet-recommended dog food you can find. That should alleviate most of the stomach problems they experience. You may also see an almost immediate and noticeable difference in their energy levels. Using Beano isn't going to achieve that!
The shininess of their coat and their zest for life will also improve. If you've never given your dog the premium stuff, try that strategy first as you may be surprised at what a difference it makes.
Explaining the Gas
You may be able to determine why your dog has terrible gas, as they naturally shouldn't. If it's a regular occurrence that remains unexplained, ask your vet about it the next time you take them in for a checkup.
If it's a once in a while thing, you'll probably be able to pinpoint it to some table scraps you fed them. It could also be linked to a time when they got loose and may have ended up eating something they shouldn't have.
Better Tip than Beano
Sticking to daily feeding times is important. Your dog's digestive system will get used to it, and produce the juices necessary to break down the food properly. If you feed them at sporadic times, or some days once and other days multiple times, their system won't be able to find any pattern. They'll likely be left with undigested food that can result in lots of bad gas.
By remaining consistent and developing a pattern you should be improvements. Also, by feeding them a top quality brand of dog food, you'll definitely be doing them a favor.
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File:Compass in a wooden frame.jpg
Compass in a wooden box
A compass (or mariner's compass) is a navigational instrument for finding directions on the earth. It consists of a magnetized pointer free to align itself accurately with Earth's magnetic field, which is of great assistance in navigation. The cardinal points are north, south, east and west. A compass can be used in conjunction with a chronometer and a sextant to provide a very accurate navigation capability. This device greatly improved maritime trade by making travel safer and more efficient. An early form of compass was invented in China in the 11th century. The familiar mariner's compass was invented in Europe around 1300.
More technically, a compass is a magnetic device using a needle to indicate the direction of the magnetic north of a planet's magnetosphere. Any instrument with a magnetized bar or needle turning freely upon a pivot and pointing in a northerly and southerly direction can be considered a compass. A compass dial is a small pocket compass with a sundial. A variation compass is a specific instrument of a delicate type of construction. It is used by observing variations of the needle. A gyrocompass or astrocompass can also be used to ascertain True north.
History of the navigational compass
Prior to the introduction of the compass, direction at sea was primarily determined by the position of celestial bodies. Navigation was supplemented in some places by the use of soundings. Difficulties arose where the sea was too deep for soundings and conditions were continually overcast or foggy. Thus the compass was not of the same utility everywhere. For example, the Arabs could generally rely on clear skies in navigating the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean (as well as the predictable nature of the monsoons). This may explain in part their relatively late adoption of the compass. Mariners in the relatively shallow Baltic made extensive use of soundings.
Developments in China
Due to the place of its first appearance, most scholars credit at present the invention of the compass to China. Since there has been frequently confusion as to when a compass was introduced for the first time, it may be appropriate to list the important events leading up to its invention in chronological order:
 - The first mention of the magnetic attraction of a needle is to be found in a Chinese work composed between 20 and 100 AD (Louen-heng): "A lodestone attracts a needle."[2] In 1948, the scholar Wang Tchen-touo tentatively constructed a 'compass' in the form of south-indicating spoon on the basis of this text. However, it should be noted that "there is no explicit mention of a magnet in the Louen-heng" and that "beforehand it needs to assume some hypotheses to arrive at such a conclusion".[3]
 - The earliest reference to a magnetic device as a direction finder is recorded in a Song dynasty book dated to 1040-44. Here we find a description of an iron "south-pointing fish" floating in a bowl of water, aligning itself to the south. The device is recommended as a means of orientation "in the obscurity of the night." There is, however, no mention of a use for navigation, nor how the fish was magnetized.[4]
 - The first incontestable reference to a magnetized needle in Chinese literature appears as late as 1086.[5] The Dream Pool Essay written by Song Dynasty scholar Shen Kua contained a detailed description of how geomancers magnetized a needle by rubbing its tip with lodestone, and hung the magnetic needle with one single strain of silk with a bit of wax attached to the center of the needle. Shen Kua pointed out that a needle prepared this way sometimes pointed south, sometimes north.
 - The earliest recorded actual use of a magnetized needle for navigational purposes then is to be found in Zhu Yu's book Pingzhou Table Talks (Pingzhou Ke Tan) of AD 1117: The navigator knows the geography, he watches the stars at night, watches the sun at day; when it is dark and cloudy, he watches the compass.
 - A pilot's compass handbook titled Shun Feng Xiang Song (Fair Winds for Escort) in the Oxford Bodleian Library contains great details about the use of compass in navigation.
Question of Diffusion
Navigational mariner's compass
There is much debate on what happened to the compass after its first appearance with the Chinese. Different theories include:
 - Travel of the compass from China to the Middle East via the Silk Road, and then to Europe
 - Direct transfer of the compass from China to Europe, and then later from Europe to the Middle East
 - Independent creation of the compass in the Europe and then its transfer thereafter to the Middle East.
The latter two are supported by evidence of the earlier mentioning of the compass in European works rather than Arabic. The first European mention of a magnetized needle and its use among sailors occurs in Alexander Neckam's De naturis rerum (On the Natures of Things), probably written in Paris in 1190.[6] Other evidence for this includes the Arabic word for "Compass" (al-konbas), possibly being a derivation of the old Italian word for compass.
In the Arab world, the earliest reference comes in The Book of the Merchants' Treasure, written by one Baylak al-Kibjaki in Cairo about 1282.[7] Since the author describes having witnessed the use of a compass on a ship trip some forty years earlier, some scholars are inclined to antedate its first appearance accordingly. There is also a slightly earlier non-Mediterranean Muslim reference to an iron fish-like compass in a Persian talebook from 1232.[8]
Question of independent European invention
Pivoting compass needle in a 14th century copy of 'Epistola de magnete' of Peter Peregrinus (1269)
There have been various arguments put forward whether the European compass was an independent invention or not:
Arguments pro independent invention:
 - The navigational needle in Europe points invariably north, whereas always south in China.
 - The European compass showed from the beginning sixteen basic divisions, not twenty-four as in China.
 - The apparent failure of the Arabs to function as possible intermediaries between East and West due to the earlier recorded appearance of the compass in Europe (1190) than in the Muslim world (1232, 1242, or 1282).
Arguments contra independent invention:
 - The temporal priority of the Chinese navigational compass (1117) as opposed to the European (1190).
Impact in the Mediterranean
In the Mediterranean the practice from ancient times had been to curtail sea travel between October and April, due in part to the lack of dependable clear skies during the Mediterranean winter (and much of the sea is too deep for soundings). With improvements in dead reckoning methods, and the development of better charts, this changed during the second half of the 13th century. By around 1290 the sailing season could start in late January or February, and end in December. The additional few months were of considerable economic importance; it enabled Venetian convoys, for instance, to make two round trips a year to the eastern Mediterranean, instead of one.
Around the time Europeans learned of the compass, traffic between the Mediterranean and northern Europe increased, and one factor may be that the compass made traversal of the Bay of Biscay safer and easier.
Modern liquid-filled compass
In 1936 Tuomas Vohlonen invented the first successful portable liquid-filled compass designed for individual use.[9]
Construction of a simple compass
A magnetic rod is required when constructing a compass. This can be created by aligning an iron or steel rod with Earth's magnetic field and then tempering or striking it. However, this method produces only a weak magnet so other methods are preferred. This magnetised rod (or magnetic needle) is then placed on a low friction surface to allow it to freely pivot to align itself with the magnetic field. It is then labeled so the user can distinguish the north-pointing from the south-pointing end; in modern convention the north end is typically marked in some way, often by being painted red.
Flavio Gioja (fl. 1302), an Italian marine pilot, is sometimes credited with perfecting the sailor's compass by suspending its needle over a fleur-de-lis design, which pointed north. He also enclosed the needle in a little box with a glass cover.
Modern navigational compasses
Liquid filled lensatic compass
Modern hand-held navigational compasses use a magnetized needle or dial inside a fluid-filled (oil, kerosene, or alcohol is common) capsule; the fluid causes the needle to stop quickly rather than oscillate back and forth around magnetic north. Most modern recreational and military compasses integrate a protractor with the compass, using a separate magnetized needle. In this design the rotating capsule containing the magnetized needle is fitted with orienting lines and an outlined orienting arrow, then mounted in a transparent baseplate containing a direction-of-travel (DOT) indicator for use in taking bearings directly from a map. Other features found on some modern handheld compasses are map and romer scales for measuring distances and plotting positions on maps, luminous markings or bezels for use at night or poor light, various sighting mechanisms (mirror, prism, etc.) for taking bearings of distant objects with greater precision, 'global' needles for use in differing hemispheres, adjustable declination for obtaining instant true bearings without resort to arithmetic, and devices such as inclinometers for measuring gradients.
The military forces of a few nations, notably the United States Army


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My company is currently in the process of building a CMS on top of Sharepoint 2010.
Part of the functionality of the CMS will require being able to have a searchbox that searches the contents of a specific list (both custom lists and external content list types) and returns the list items relevant to the search as the results.
My questions are:
 1. Is it possible to build a search webpart that only searches a specific list?
 2. Is is possible to have an external content list sitting on top of a database table via BCS searchable through Sharepoint Search Services?
Any constructive input is greatly appreciated.
Thanks, Frank
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 1. Searching a specific list can be implemented in several ways depending on the type of list you can use CAML to search for specific field info, you can create a search scope just searching the specific list or you can use a custom query that only retrieves info from that list
 2. SharePoint Server 2010 Standard allows you to search external content types and each ECT can have a profile page which is the landing page of the search result.
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A Comparative Study of Logic Programs with Preference: Preliminary Report
Torsten Schaub and Kewen Wang
We are interested in semantical underpinnings for existing approaches to preference handling in extended logic programming (within the framework of answer set programming). As a starting point, we explore three different approaches that have been recently proposed in the literature. Because these approaches use rather different formal means, we furnish a series of uniform characterizations that allow us to gain insights into the relationships among these approaches. To be more precise, we provide different characterizations in terms of (i) fixpoints, (ii) order preservation, and (iii) translations into standard logic programs. While the two former provide semantics for logic programming with preference information, the latter furnishes implementation techniques for these approaches.


text:
Pet Foods: A Global Outlook
San Jose, California (PRWEB) September 1, 2008
Driven by the increase in the number of single-member/nuclear families, and lower birthrates, and the consequential treatment of animals as part of the family, pet food is today one of the fastest growing sectors of the food industry. Growing urbanization, and increase in disposable incomes have contributed significantly to the increase in number of households owning pets. Market size, activity and dominance of product markets, such as, dog food, and cat food tend to vary across regional markets. For instance, in the US, Latin America, Japan and in most regions of Asia Pacific, dogs are most popular pets. In contrast, cats dominate pet population in France and Germany. Moreover, cat food and maintenance costs are comparatively less as compared to dogs.
Product innovation is expected to emerge into a major driver sprucing up sales in the world pet foods market, and driving consumers to purchase value added premium products. Rising consumer interest in organic pet foods, and pet nutrition and health is expected to push the demand for products that are promoted as preservative-free, natural and organic. Breed specific, health oriented, and gourmet-flavored products are anticipated to witness higher demand among pet owners. In the coming years, the sheer range of organic pet foods and pet treats would ensure greater influence of organic pet products in the market. Demand for premium pet food products will continue to rise, as pet owners seek products with enhanced nutritional benefits. The trend towards premium and super premium dry pet foods is especially pronounced in developed markets of Western Europe, North America and Japan. In the developing markets, increased product availability across all price segments is anticipated to drive demand, while in developed and mature markets, growth will stem from value-added products such as functional pet foods and nutraceuticals.
Popularity of food products for various pets varies from region to region. In the United States, Japan, Latin America and some Asia-Pacific regions, the demand for dog food is higher, owing to the greater popularity of dogs as pets. In contrast, demand for cat food is higher in countries such as France and Germany, due to the popularity of cats as pets among consumers. Driven by its relatively lower price, dry pet food is preferred over wet food across the world. Apart from price, convenience and enhanced health benefits of dry products are driving the popularity of dry food products. Emerging markets such as, China and Brazil, are experiencing a shift towards prepared foods largely due to higher consumer spending as a result of growing disposable income, rise in pet population, urbanization and lack of time to prepare food for pets at home.
Pet foods market is characterized by intense competition among various global brands. To sustain and augment product sales in such a scenario, market participants are adopting strategies such as high decibel marketing and advertising campaigns in addition to increased investments in the development of innovative products.
The report titled "Pet Foods: A Global Outlook", published by Global Industry Analysts Inc, provides statistical anecdotes, market briefs, and concise summaries of research findings. The report also offers a bird's eye view of the structure, and basics of the pet foods industry, identifying major product market segments and trends within product categories. The report also features recent mergers, acquisitions and other strategic developments of significance. The report offers a comprehensive overview of pet food markets in United States and Europe, along with brief discussions on select regional markets including Germany, Italy, UK, Australia, and Singapore, among others. The report includes an indexed, easy-to-refer, fact-finder directory listing the addresses, and contact details of 193 companies worldwide.
For more details about this research report, please visit
About Global Industry Analysts, Inc.
Global Industry Analysts, Inc., (GIA) is a reputed publisher of off-the-shelf market research. Founded in 1987, the company is globally recognized as one of the world's largest market research publishers. The company employs over 700 people worldwide and publishes more than 880 full-scale research reports each year. Additionally, the company also offers a range of over 60,000 smaller research products including company reports, market trend reports, and industry reports encompassing all major industries worldwide.
Global Industry Analysts, Inc.
Web Site _URL_