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Location: Alongside the Mountain Road (Bouchard Farm to the west and Landmark Meadow to the east) in the center of the Town of Stowe. The properties are separated by the West Branch River, Mountain Road and Stowe Recreation Path.
Date Protected: July 1998; purchased easement
Acres: 196; Bouchard Farm 180, Landmark Meadow 16
Landowner: Private ownership; conservation easement held by Stowe Land Trust.
Conservation Purposes: Bouchard Farm - The primary objectives of the easement are to conserve productive agricultural and wood lands, wildlife habitats, non-commercial recreational opportunities and activities, and other natural resource and scenic values. Landmark Meadow – The primary objectives of the easement are to conserve productive agricultural lands, wildlife habitats, and other natural resource and scenic values.
Funding Partners: Landmark Meadow - Freeman Foundation, Edward and Brian Bronfman, neighbors, and SLT members.
Project Background: Paul Percy has been farming the Bouchard Farm since 1976. Like most farmers, his life revolves around his land and crops, barns and animals. Stowe Land Trust accepted a conservation easement from Mr. Percy on 180 acres of the Bouchard Farm, and purchased then sold the 16-acre Landmark Meadow to Mr. Percy subject to a conservation easement. The conservation of Landmark Meadow and Bouchard Farm provides some of the most stunning views of Mt. Mansfield. The bucolic scene of pastured cows and open meadows against the backdrop of Mt. Mansfield can be enjoyed while biking, skiing or walking the Stowe Recreation Path, which winds along the east side of the Bouchard Farm.
Property Description: Bouchard Farm is a total of 266 acres; 180 acres are covered by the conservation easement held by Stowe Land Trust. Of the 180 acres under easement, approximately 125 acres are tillable lands of prime or statewide significant soils. Landmark Meadow is a total of 16.1 acres bordered on the west by Route 108. A small stream runs along the eastern property boundary. All of the 16.1 acres is currently in corn production.
Public Access: The farm is not open to the public. However, the Stowe Recreation Path passes along the property next to the West Branch of the Little River and can be accessed via Thompson Park off of the Mountain Road opposite Landmark Meadow.
"I wanted to keep this land as a viable farm, big enough for it to stay a farm in the future." -Paul Percy
- Conserved in 1998
- Paul Percy has been farming the Bouchard Farm since 1976
- The Stowe Rec Path passes along the edge of the farm next to the West Branch River


These Giant Urban Flowers Bloom When Pedestrians Walk Under Them
HQ Architects have designed a set of giant flowers that bloom and react to pedestrians and transportation.
Located in Vallero Square in the heart of Jerusalem in Israel, the flowers have been installed as part of the municipality's effort to improve the urban space.
The four giant flowers, that are 30 feet tall, have been placed in key positions, enabling them to be viewed from all around the square and the nearby market.
Each of the flowers also provide a sense of movement to the square, as they bloom by inflating themselves when pedestrians walk by, but when there are no people, they close.
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The Austrian Tradition of the Krampus
The Krampus is an alarming-looking creature which appears during the Advent period in Austria (and, sometimes in different versions, in some other countries).
Originally thought to have come from the old pre-Christian myths involving beasts from the forest and creatures such as satyrs, the Krampus became linked with St Nicholas in the Middle Ages.
As with so many pagan customs, it was absorbed into the official Christian calendar. St Nicholas (aka 'Santa Claus') had by the 16th century started to become associated with the traditional pre-Christmas period of gift-giving which had become popular (again absorbing the local custom of December trade markets).
While he was the 'carrot' for boys and girls to be good, the Krampus were (quite literally) the 'stick'.
'If you are good, Niklaus will bring you something nice. But if you are bad, the Krampus might come and get you.'
So what is a Krampus?
The Krampus traditionally appeared on the night before the Feast of St Nicholas (the evening of December 5).
They wore animal skins and carved wooden masks, had bells tied onto their costume so that people could hear the clanking coming through the darkness, and they carried long sticks. The chains that they sometimes wear are thought to be related to the idea of the creatures being bound to their place in the underworld, while the sacks that they carry are to take very bad children away with them.
In days gone by, the Krampus were seriously feared by smaller children, who were tossed into the sack and then dragged through the snow.
Nowadays however many of the larger cities and towns have formal processions which tend to be fairly orderly. Since the people inside the Krampus costumes are usually young men, many of the more organised clubs who keep this tradition alive delegate some older members to keep an eye on what is going on. Some locations even order the Krampus costumes to be numbered so that onlookers have evidence of who may have stepped over the line in case of a dispute.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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The LSE Social Statistics group is delighted to announce this one day workshop.
This workshop takes place in the 'BOX' on the fifth floor, Tower 3 on the LSE campus on Tuesday 27 November 2012, staring at 10.30am. Attendance is free of charge, but registration is essential. Please email Sara Geneletti to register.
Researchers using statistical modelling in the analysis of survey data in social and medical research are often unsure how to make use of survey weights. In recent years a number of new methods have been proposed for incorporating survey weights into statistical models. This one day workshop looks at novel approaches to this problem in the context of small area estimation, multiple imputation and evidence synthesis. The talks will focus on how to apply these methods with real examples.
The provisional timetable for the meeting is:
10:45-10:55 Sara Geneletti (LSE): Introduction
10:55-11:25 Chris Skinner (LSE) : Incorporating survey weights into modelling: an overview
11:25-12:05 Michael R Elliott (University of Michigan School of Public Health): Bootstrapping Bayes estimators in complex sample designs
13:00-13:40 James Carpenter (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine): Using survey weights with multiple imputation: a multilevel approach
13:40-14:20 Shaun Seaman (MRC Biostatistics Unit): Combining multiple imputation and inverse probability weighting
14:35-15:15 Jouni Kuha (LSE): Group means as explanatory variables in multilevel models
15:15-15:35 Discussants Sara Geneletti (LSE) and Nicky Best (Imperial College London)
15:35-16:00 Open discussion
Using survey weights with multiple imputation: a multilevel approach
Multiple imputation for partially observed data with survey weights has been criticized, because Rubin's variance formula may be invalid. Focusing on a regression setting, we discuss this criticism, and argue that multilevel imputation can address some of the issues. We illustrate with some simulations and an analysis of the Youth Cohort Study.
Michael R Elliott
Bootstrapping Bayes estimators in complex sample designs
Bayesian applications typically postulate independent observations in order to obtain tractable forms of likelihoods. Sample designs that involve clustering are easily handled in this setting by assuming independence conditional on latent random effects associated with each cluster, which can then be easily integrated out, typically through the use of numerical methods (e.g., Markov Chain Monte Carlo). However, other complex sample design features such as sampling weights and stratification are not so easily incorporated into Bayesian estimators (Gellman 2007). In the regression setting weights can be incorporated in model estimation by including interaction terms between weights and regression parameters (Elliott 2007); in other settings such as small area estimation summary statistics can be computed that incorporate sample design (Raghunathan et al. 2007). But a general solution to the problem of Bayesian estimation using data from complex sample designs has not been proposed. In this talk I will propose the use of posterior predictive distributions of a population from finite population Bayesian bootstraps (FPBB) (Dong, Elliott, Raghunathan 2012) as one such possible general solution. FPBB produce posterior predictive distributions that have simple random sample properties that can be used to derive posterior estimates of the parameters of interest by reweighting simulated draws from the original sample. I will consider the repeated sampling properties of this method in a simulation study.
Group means as explanatory variables in multilevel models
Research questions for clustered data often concern the effects of cluster-level averages of individual-level variables. Typically such averages are estimated using just data on respondents in a survey. This incurs a measurement error bias when these estimates are used as explanatory variables in modelling. The error variance can, however, be estimated, and we can then apply statistical measurement error methods to adjust for the error. This talk considers such estimation for generalised linear mixed models. The proposed approach involves two stages of estimation where survey weights and other information on sampling design may need to be used in the first stage even when they will not be in the second.
Combining multiple imputation and inverse probability weighting
Multiple imputation (MI) is a technique commonly used to deal with missing values when analysing data. Another technique used for the same purpose is inverse probability weighting (IPW). Inverse probability weights are also used to deal with differential sampling fractions in survey data. These latter weights are known as sampling (or survey) weights. MI may be used in combination with IPW for either or both of two reasons. First, MI may be used to deal with missing data in a study with sampling weights. Second, MI may be used only to impute isolated missing values and then inverse probability weights used to account for the remaining larger blocks of missing data. I shall compare MI and IPW, discuss why and how the two may be combined, and present theoretical and simulation results concerning the unbiasedness of parameter and variance estimates based on Rubin's Rules when MI and IPW are thus combined. An example involving data from the National Child Development Study will be presented.
Incorporating survey weights into modelling: an overview
This talk will aim to provide an overview of : types of survey weights and why weights are needed; standard methods for incorporating weights into modelling, such as weighted maximum likelihood methods and weights as covariates; challenges for incorporating weights into Bayesian modelling; weight modification and alternatives to weighting

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


contain formattable text have a special representation in this API. In this specification their type is indicated as Formattable. Their representation contains the following properties:
Property Description Type Example Supported operations
format Indicates the formatting language of the raw text String markdown READ
raw The raw text, as entered by the user String I **am** formatted! READ / WRITE
html The text converted to HTML according to the format String I am formatted! READ
format can as of today have one of the following values:
 - plain - only basic formatting, e.g. inserting paragraphs and line breaks into HTML
 - markdown - formatting using Markdown
 - custom - There is no apparent formatting rule that transforms the raw version to HTML (only used for read only properties)
Note that raw is the only property supporting the write operation. A property of type Formattable that is marked as read and write, will only accept changes to the raw property. Changes to format and html will be silently ignored. It is thus sufficient to solely provide the raw property for changes.
If the Formattable is marked as read only, the raw attribute also becomes read only.
Example
{
 "format": "markdown",
 "raw": "I **am** formatted!",
 "html": "I am formatted!"
}
Dates, Times and Durations
Representation of time related values in this API is done according to ISO 8601. In this specification the following terms will be used as type specifiers (e.g. in tables):
 - Date - refers to an ISO 8601 date, e.g. "2014-05-21"
 - DateTime - refers to an ISO 8601 combined date and time, e.g. "2014-05-21T13:37:00Z"
 - Duration - refers to an ISO 8601 duration, e.g. "P1DT18H"
Colors
Colors are represented in RGB using hexadecimal notation as specified in CSS Color Module Level 3. That is a # followed by either three or six hexadecimal digits.
Example
 red: #ff0000 or #f00
 green: #00ff00 or #0f0
 black: #000000 or #000
 white: #ffffff or #fff
Digests
Digests (or Hashes) are one way functions that map data of arbitrary size to data of a fixed size. In OpenProject they are for example used to calculate checksums for (attachment) files. The checksum calculated depends on the hashed data and the algorithm used as hash function.
Therefore all digests are represented in the following form:
Property Description Type Example
algorithm The algorithm used to compute the digest String md5
hash The calculated digest in hexadecimal notation String 64c26a8403cd796ea4cf913cda2ee4a9
Example
{
 "algorithm": "md5",
 "hash": "64c26a8403cd796ea4cf913cda2ee4a9"
}


Synonyms of cosmopolitan
1. cosmopolitan, cosmopolite, sophisticate, man of the world
usage: a sophisticated person who has travelled in many countries
1. cosmopolitan (vs. endemic), widely distributed
usage: growing or occurring in many parts of the world; "a cosmopolitan herb"; "cosmopolitan in distribution"
2. cosmopolitan (vs. provincial), traveled, travelled
usage: composed of people from or at home in many parts of the world; especially not provincial in attitudes or interests; "his cosmopolitan benevolence impartially extended to all races and to all creeds"- T.B. Macaulay; "the ancient and cosmopolitan societies of Syria and Egypt"; "that queer, cosmopolitan, rather sinister crowd found around the Marseilles docks"
3. cosmopolitan, ecumenical, oecumenical, general, universal, worldwide, world-wide, comprehensive (vs. noncomprehensive)
WordNet 3.0 Copyright © 2006 by Princeton University.
All rights reserved.
Definition and meaning of cosmopolitan (Dictionary)


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If you are planning a home renovation in Austin, Texas, that involves asphalt repairs, then it is important to be aware of the common mistakes people make when dealing with this material. Asphalt is a popular choice for driveways and roads due to its durability, but it must be properly installed and maintained if you want it to last. In this article, we will discuss some of the most common errors people make with their asphalt repairs so that you can avoid them during your home renovations. By understanding these issues ahead of time, you can ensure that your project turns out exactly as planned.
Asphalt repairs involve any kind of repair to asphalt surfaces, such as filling in potholes or cracks, sealing seams and edges, and replacing damaged sections. The process is designed to restore the functionality and durability of asphalt surfaces while also providing an aesthetic appeal. Asphalt repairs are a popular choice for home renovations due to their low cost, ease of installation, and long-term durability.
What Happens During A Home Renovation Project In Austin
A home renovation project in Austin typically involves a lot of decisions and planning, including determining a budget, selecting materials, designing the space, and hiring the right contractors. After those decisions have been made, it is time to begin the renovation process. Depending on the extent of the project, this may include demolition work, asphalt repair, plumbing and electrical installation, painting or wallpapering, and even specialized work like installing custom cabinets or hardwood flooring.
Once the project is complete, a final inspection by an independent inspector should be conducted to ensure that the renovations meet all applicable building codes and regulations. Finally, landscaping work can be done to enhance the home's exterior appeal.
What Is The Process For Asphalt Repair During A Home Renovation In Austin
The process for asphalt repair during a home renovation in Austin will depend on the type of damage that is being addressed. Generally, the process involves the following steps.
1. Inspect the area to be repaired and identify any underlying problems.
2. Remove any existing asphalt or debris from the area.
3. Prepare the area by leveling it out, if needed, and compacting the soil beneath it.
4. Apply a layer of asphalt sealant or base coat to the area.
5. Apply the repair material, such as a patch or fresh asphalt, to the area and use a tamper to compact it.
6. Apply a second layer of sealant over the entire surface of the repaired section.
These steps will help ensure that the asphalt repairs are done correctly and that they last for years to come. For a successful and long-lasting repair, all steps must be done correctly and professionally. In Austin, numerous asphalt repair companies offer professional services such as Contractors Asphalt. They can provide the expertise and experience needed for successful asphalt repairs in Austin.
Advantages Of Doing Asphalt Repair During A Home Renovation Project In Austin
There are many advantages to incorporating asphalt repairs into your home renovation project in Austin. Here are some of the advantages of choosing to do your asphalt repair during home renovation in Austin.
- Asphalt repairs are relatively cost-effective, making them a great choice for budget-conscious individuals.
- They provide long-lasting durability and can often last for many years with proper maintenance.
- The material is easy to install and does not require much-specialized knowledge or tools.
- It provides an aesthetically pleasing finish that adds value to the home.
Common Mistakes To Avoid When Installing Asphalt Repairs During A Home Renovation In Austin
When it comes to installing asphalt repairs, there are a few common mistakes that people often make.
Not Using The Right Type Of Materials
Different types of asphalt can be used for different repair jobs, and it is important to use the right type of material for the job. Using materials that are not suited to the repair can lead to premature failure and more costly repairs down the line.
Not Preparing The Area Properly
Before applying asphalt, it is essential to level out any bumps or depressions in the surface and compact the soil beneath it. Failing to do this can lead to cracks, gaps, and other issues that can compromise the integrity of the asphalt.
Not Maintaining Asphalt Regularly
Asphalt requires regular maintenance to ensure its longevity. This includes checking for cracks and crevices, filling them in with fresh sealant, and resealing the entire surface every few years. Failing to do this can lead to more costly repairs down the line.
By following these tips and taking the necessary precautions ahead of time, you can avoid common mistakes when installing asphalt repairs during a home renovation in Austin.
How To Choose The Best Materials For Your Asphalt Repair In Austin
When it comes to choosing the best materials for your asphalt repair during home renovation in Austin, there are several factors you should consider.
Consider The Climate
The climate in Austin is hot and humid, which can affect the asphalt. Choose materials that are designed to withstand extreme temperatures and moisture levels.
Consider Your Budget
Asphalt repairs can be expensive, so it's important to consider your budget when making a decision. Different types of asphalt vary in cost, so make sure you do your research and choose the one that fits your budget.
Consider The Durability
Asphalt is a durable material, but there are different levels of durability depending on the type of asphalt being used. Choose a type of asphalt that will last for many years with proper maintenance.
Overall, it is important to do your research and choose the best materials for your asphalt repair during home renovation in Austin. By consulting a professional asphalt contractor, you can make sure that the job is done correctly and efficiently.
Are All Asphalt Repair Contractors The Same In Austin
In Austin, numerous asphalt repair contractors can provide quality workmanship and services. However, not all of them are the same, and it is important to do your due diligence when choosing one.
- Look for companies that specialize in asphalt repairs and have a good reputation in the community.
- Ask family and friends for their recommendations or read online reviews to get more information.
- Make sure that the company is licensed, insured, and certified by a professional organization such as the National Asphalt Paving Association (NAPA).
- Check to see if the contractor offers any guarantees or warranties for their work.
- Getting quotes from multiple contractors can help you get an idea of what types of services and prices are available.
By doing your research and choosing a reputable contractor, you can ensure that you get the best possible asphalt repair services for your home renovation in Austin. Choose the one is the top of your checklist to make sure that your asphalt repair job is done perfectly.
Cost Of Hiring A Professional Asphalt Repair Contractor In Austin
The cost of hiring a professional asphalt repair contractor in Austin varies depending on the size and scope of the job. Smaller jobs, such as patching or repairing potholes, can range from $200 to $500, while larger projects, such as resurfacing driveways, can start at around $2,000.
In addition to the labor, materials such as asphalt and sealant will also have to be purchased. The price of these materials can vary depending on the type and quality that you choose.
It is also important to factor in any additional costs, such as disposal fees or rental equipment. A reputable contractor should provide you with a detailed estimate before any work is started.
Contact A Professional Asphalt Contractor In Austin
Asphalt repairs are an important part of any home renovation project in Austin and should not be overlooked. By understanding what asphalt repairs entail and the advantages they offer, you can have peace of mind that you're making the best decisions for your home renovation project.
To ensure that you're getting the highest quality asphalt repair possible during your home renovation in Austin, be sure to choose reliable contractors and high-quality materials to conduct the work. Not all asphalt repair contractors are the same in Austin, so make sure to do some research before selecting one. If you're looking for experienced professionals who know how to provide quality asphalting services, contact Contractors Asphalt today. They can work with you to create the perfect asphalt solution for your home renovation project.
Their team of professional contractors is ready to provide you with the best asphalt repair services in Austin at an affordable price. Give them a call today and make sure that your home renovation project starts on the right foot.


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Experiment to Setup Jenkins and Demonstrating Continuous Integration
 Title: Setting up Jenkins and Demonstrating Continuous Integration
Objective:
The objective of this experiment is to set up Jenkins and demonstrate Continuous Integration (CI) by automating the build process of a simple Java project whenever changes are pushed to the version control repository.
Prerequisites:
 - Java Development Kit (JDK) installed on your system
 - Apache Maven installed on your system
 - Git installed on your system
 - Jenkins installed on a server or local machine
Experiment Steps:
Step 1: Install Java Development Kit (JDK)
 1. Download and install the latest JDK version compatible with your operating system.
 2. Set the JAVA_HOME environment variable to the JDK installation directory.
Step 2: Install Apache Maven
 1. Download the latest Apache Maven binary distribution from the official website (_URL_
 2. Extract the downloaded archive to a directory on your system.
 3. Set the MAVEN_HOME environment variable to the Maven installation directory.
 4. Add the Maven bin directory to the system's PATH variable.
Step 3: Install Git
 1. Download and install Git from the official website (_URL_
 2. Configure Git with your username and email using the following commands:
git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email "_EMAIL_"
Step 4: Install Jenkins
 1. Download and install Jenkins on your server or local machine by following the official installation guide (_URL_
 2. Start the Jenkins server and access the Jenkins web interface using a web browser.
Step 5: Set up Jenkins for CI
 1. Access the Jenkins web interface (usually at http://localhost:8080) and complete the initial setup by providing the Administrator password and installing the recommended plugins.
 2. Create a new Jenkins pipeline project:
 3. Click on "New Item" on the Jenkins dashboard.
 4. Enter a name for the project (e.g., "MyJavaApp").
 5. Select "Pipeline" and click "OK."
 6. Configure the pipeline:
 7. Under the "Pipeline" section, choose "Pipeline script from SCM."
 8. Select "Git" as the SCM (Source Code Management) and provide the repository URL.
 9. Save the configuration.
Step 6: Create a Simple Java Project with Version Control
 1. Create a new directory for your Java project.
 2. Inside the project directory, create a new Java source file with a simple Java class (e.g., HelloWorld.java).
 3. Initialize Git in the project directory:
git init
 - Add the Java source file to the Git repository:
git add HelloWorld.java
 - Commit the initial version of the project:
git commit -m "Initial commit"
 - Create a remote repository (e.g., on GitHub, GitLab, or Bitbucket) and link it to the local repository:
git remote add origin <repository_url>
git push -u origin master
Step 7: Configure Jenkins to Trigger CI
 1. In the Jenkins pipeline project, click on "Build Now" to manually trigger the first build.
 2. Verify that the build is successful.
Step 8: Test CI by Pushing Changes
 1. Make some changes to the HelloWorld.java file.
 2. Commit the changes to the Git repository:
git add HelloWorld.java
git commit -m "Updated HelloWorld.java"
 - Push the changes to the remote repository:
git push origin master
 - Observe that Jenkins automatically triggers a new build due to the code changes.
Conclusion:
In this experiment, we successfully set up Jenkins and demonstrated Continuous Integration (CI) by automating the build process of a simple Java project whenever changes were pushed to the version control repository. Jenkins continuously monitored the repository for changes and automatically initiated the build, ensuring that the application remained in a deployable state at all times. CI practices help streamline development workflows, reduce integration issues, and improve collaboration among development teams.
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Experiment No. 5 Title: Applying CI/CD Principles to Web Development Using Jenkins, Git, and Local HTTP Server
 Experiment No. 5 Title: Applying CI/CD Principles to Web Development Using Jenkins, Git, and Local HTTP Server Objective: The objective of this experiment is to set up a CI/CD pipeline for a web development project using Jenkins, Git, and webhooks, without the need for a Jenkinsfile. You will learn how to automatically build and deploy a web application to a local HTTP server whenever changes are pushed to the Git repository, using Jenkins' "Execute Shell" build step. Introduction: Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) is a critical practice in modern software development, allowing teams to automate the building, testing, and deployment of applications. This process ensures that software updates are consistently and reliably delivered to end-users, leading to improved development efficiency and product quality. In this context, this introduction sets the stage for an exploration of how to apply CI/CD principles specifically to web development using J
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Bird Of Paradise Plant Care Pruning – 7 Step By Step Instructions
This article will walk you through pruning the Bird of Paradise plants and will help you to create the best bird of paradise plant care pruning schedule for your bird of paradise plant.
Your plant care can be a challenge for even a seasoned gardener.You'll appreciate this guide whether you're a beginner or an experienced grower. It's a step-by-step, how-to guide for growing the Bird of Paradise, the world's most popular houseplant. This is one of the easiest plants to grow, and it's one of the most rewarding. The key is to provide the plant with enough light, heat, and water, while preventing insects and disease from ruining your efforts.
This beautiful tropical vine has a deep-green foliage, a wide variety of colors, and a beautiful bloom that looks something like a bird's crest. But there's a lot more to this plant than just a beautiful flower. These vines have a history of use by native tribes in Central America, Africa, and Asia, where they were used for food, medicine, and ceremonial purposes.
In this article I'm going to walk you through step by step the process of how to grow Bird of Paradise. We will talk about what you need and what you shouldn't do.
What Is A Bird Of Paradise Plant
A bird of paradise is a type of plant. Birds of paradise are flowering plants, some of which are found in tropical areas. They are one of the world's most popular exotic ornamental plants. The plant is also known for its spectacular flowers, which can range in size from three inches long to over six inches long. There are several different types of birds of paradise. The most famous are the two-headed parrot, whose head is surrounded by a bright red ring. The flower's color is due to a variety of chemicals in its stamen and pistil.
How to Grow a Bird of Paradise
There are many species of bird of paradise plant, which can be grown in your garden. Here are wonderful tips which will help you to keep the plants alive and well:
- -Give them plenty of light
- -Use fertilizer, but don't overdo it
- -Fertilize in spring and again in fall
- -Water regularly and thoroughly
- -Don't over-water
- -Don't water during the heat of summer.
- -Keep the soil moist, but not soggy
- -Avoid direct sunlight on plants
- -Don't expose the plant to drafts
- -Keep the plant at an ideal temperature, not too cold or too hot
Bird Of Paradise Plant Care Pruning – Prune The Bird Of Paradise Plant
When you're pruning a bird of paradise plant, you have to cut off all the new growth while still leaving some. That's why I don't think you can simply hack a few branches off. To get rid of a lot of those new tips, use a sharp knife to cut the plant back by about 15 degrees, then gently push the branch away from you with your hand. Try not to cut the stem and go through it with your sharp tool. Then go around the stem and cut the branch off where it meets the main trunk.
- Here are the 7 steps in this step-by-step guide about bird of paradise plant care pruning:
- Cut back all stems to about 2-3 inches long.
- Do not trim above the first bud.
- Thin out the plant by cutting out several buds at a time.
- Keep your pruners sharp!
- Don't trim right before a rainstorm.
- If you do need to trim a dead stem, wait until it has dried and been in the sun for a day or two before you trim.
- After pruning, give the plant a drink of water (or spray with water) to rehydrate it and then let it dry.
Watering And Feeding Birds Of Paradise
It's not just for show. While these birds are beautiful to look at, they don't provide the same value as a more common houseplant, like a cactus. Birds of paradise plants need to be nurtured in the same way as cacti. They need regular water and care to stay healthy. Like cacti, birds of paradise plants need to be well-rooted. In addition to watering and feeding, the stems also need to be pruned. Pruning removes dead tissue and prevents pests from growing.
Re-potting And Fertilizing Birds Of Paradise Plants
The most important part of any bird of paradise plant is the soil. If you don't give plants enough of what they need, they won't grow, bloom, and be healthy. Your soil must provide a deep substrate of organic matter; a balanced supply of all nutrients that plants need; air space for roots; and water for both the plant and the microorganisms that live in it. In addition, your watering schedule must be well-planned and regularly timed, because the plant needs to be watered as much as possible between 12 hours apart.
Staking, Trimming and Weeding Birds of Paradise Plants
The term "stake" in this context refers to the part of a plant that holds the entire plant together, while "trimming" is simply cutting off the part you don't want. Weeds are simply plants that don't belong in the garden. As you remove them, you'll find that some of them will grow back. Other than that, the only difference between a weed and a plant that's not a weed is that plants have flowers.
So, if you notice some plants which are not suitable for your garden, do the weeding process to leave more space for your bird of paradise plant. Trimming is best done when notice that some of the bird of paradise parts are rotting. However, we already mentioned bird of paradise plant care pruning which is really similar to the trimming process.
Conclusion On Bird of Paradise Plant Care Pruning
To start, you need to decide whether you want to prune the plant once it's established or whether you want to do this right from the beginning. To give the plant its best chance of survival, you should prune in the summer months, after flowering, when the plant is still growing actively. As with any other tree or shrub, the longer it's allowed to grow without being pruned, the bushier it will become, the weaker it will become, and the more susceptible it will be to disease and insect attack. By pruning, you can encourage new growth and stimulate the plant to develop thicker branches and larger leaves. This will improve your chances of attracting butterflies and hummingbirds.
Learn everything you need to know about caring for this beautiful tropical plant and do the bird of paradise plant care pruning process like a true professional gardener.
How do you prune Bird of Paradise?
How do you prune Bird of Paradise? If your plant is producing a lot of leaves but no buds, it might be time to prune. "It's a bit like a person who eats too much," says Tim. "A certain amount of weight gain is necessary, but when the weight is not shed, then pruning is often necessary." In other words, if you have too many leaves, it's time to cut back.
How often should you prune birds of paradise?
It's the ultimate plant question. After all, it can take years before you see any flowers! When it comes to pruning birds of paradise, this answer really depends on your goals for the garden. If your primary goal is to show off a single flower, then it's probably not a good idea to prune them at all. On the other hand, if you want a garden that is lush, robust, and easy to maintain, then you can prune the branches back to a more manageable size each year.
Do you cut off dead Bird of Paradise leaves?
You cut back the old, dead, diseased leaves. But how do you know when those leaves are truly dead? You can't tell just by looking at them, and even if you could, that wouldn't be very good information to base decisions on. So how do you determine which branches are too weak to support the weight of a mature bird? This is where the "test branch" comes into play. If you were planning to cut down a mature tree, you'd cut a branch that was at least five or six inches in diameter. That's the minimum size for a test branch.
Can I cut bird of paradise to the ground?
You can cut the birds of paradise to the ground, but you must be careful that you don't cut to the root of the plant. If you notice that your bird of paradise plant is growing too big you can cut some of the leaves that have grown too much. There is a process which is called "hard-cut" and that means u cut the whole plant to the healthy parts. If you notice that the plant is dry, cut those parts and watch it grow healthier.


text:
Model Angelo – Automated model building into cryo-EM reconstructions
Model Angelo uses deep learning to build atomic models into cryo-EM density maps. Model Angelo combines chain tracing, amino acid geometry, and cryo-EM density to build reliable starting models for subsequent refinement.
There are two modes to use Model Angelo:
- Build known sequence into map
- Given a FASTA sequence, build atomic model
- Identify sequence in map
- Given a map, output a sequence probability
- 3D reconstruction
- Sharpened map into which the model will be built
- Optional: FASTA sequence
- Sequence for proteins to be built
- Optional: Mask for 3D reconstruction
- To remove density that should be ignored during model building]
- Optional: (Advanced) Build model without input sequence – Yes/No
- Full, final output
- Shows all sequence regions built into the map. May be helpful for hard-to-build or low-confidence areas, providing a starting point for further model refinement
- Hidden Markov Model files for identifying sequences in map using HHBlits
Example #1: Building known sequence into density map
Here is a map of kinesin-binding protein (EMD -24677) that we will build the following FASTA sequence into:
sp|Q96EK5|KBP_HUMAN KIF-binding protein OS=Homo sapiens OX=9606 GN=KIFBP PE=1 SV=1 MANVPWAEVCEKFQAALALSRVELHKNPEKEPYKSKYSARALLEEVKALLGPAPEDEDER PEAEDGPGAGDHALGLPAEVVEPEGPVAQRAVRLAVIEFHLGVNHIDTEELSAGEEHLVK CLRLLRRYRLSHDCISLCIQAQNNLGILWSEREEIETAQAYLESSEALYNQYMKEVGSPP LDPTERFLPEEEKLTEQERSKRFEKVYTHNLYYLAQVYQHLEMFEKAAHYCHSTLKRQLE HNAYHPIEWAINAATLSQFYINKLCFMEARHCLSAANVIFGQTGKISATEDTPEAEGEVP ELYHQRKGEIARCWIKYCLTLMQNAQLSMQDNIGELDLDKQSELRALRKKELDEEESIRK KAVQFGTGELCDAISAVEEKVSYLRPLDFEEARELFLLGQHYVFEAKEFFQIDGYVTDHI EVVQDHSALFKVLAFFETDMERRCKMHKRRIAMLEPLTVDLNPQYYLLVNRQIQFEIAHA YYDMMDLKVAIADRLRDPDSHIVKKINNLNKSALKYYQLFLDSLRDPNKVFPEHIGEDVL RPAMLAKFRVARLYGKIITADPKKELENLATSLEHYKFIVDYCEKHPEAAQEIEVELELS KEMVSLLPTKMERFRTKMALT
Running the 3D map + FASTA Sequence in Model Angelo on COSMIC2 provides the following output:
Looking at output/output.cif superimposed into the map, you can see it did an OK job of finding helices:
Example #2: Building unknown sequence into density map
For this example, we will run Model Angelo using the KIFBP map above but without input sequence. To do this, make sure to check the box that says "Build model without input sequence" under the advanced settings.
After running, you will see the following output on COSMIC2:
The output/output.cif file shows a variety of segments identified by Model Angelo:
Note: you will see these different segments named 'AH' or 'a' as different chains in ChimeraX.
You can use Hidden Markov Model files to identify potential sequences in existing databases. These files are named according the chain name seen in ChimeraX. You can find these files by downloading the full output.zip file, un-compressing, and looking in the folder: output/hmm_profile. You can use these .hhm files to run HHBlits.
ModelAngelo: Automated Model Building in Cryo-EM Maps. Jimali, Kimanius, Scheres. arXiv:2210.00006


text:
Philosophy Essay #4
Kant's Views on Wrongness of Lying
Kant believes humans have the highest value in the realm of existence because they are the only beings capable of reasoning. He extends this theory to say that humans have the right to use other creatures in any way they see fit as long as they are serving an end to justify the means. Kant perceives humans as the most valuable creatures because other "animals" are not able to have desires and set personal goals. Modern science invalidates some of Kant's views because some animals do in fact have the mental capacity to express desire (however Kant was not aware of this). He thought that humans are entitled to respect each other and allow each other to act freely, utilizing the special tool of rational thinking that he believes is unique to the species.
Kant's core principle is the Categorical Imperative; essentially the concept that all people should treat others (as well as themselves) as an ends and never just as a means to fulfill goals/desires. People all hold an elite status in the universe and are obliged to recognize each other's significance. Lying and manipulation and are strictly forbidden according to Kant's notions because they involve treating a person as merely a means to achieve personal satisfaction. A prime example of someone defying the Categorical Imperative: a person intends to go out with a friend and lies about their car being broken so they do not have to drive. This person strips deceives his/her friend into driving and lies to satisfy his/her ulterior motive. If the person simply tells his/her friend the truth that they do not feel like driving, the friend is left to decide if he/she wants to take on the duty of driving based on his/her values and thought processes.
Kant thinks humans are required to live up to their perfect duties. If one lies they are defying their perfect duty. Lying is a "contradiction in conceivability" and if it is applied on a universal standard...
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text:
The Town of Brunswick has unique shellfish management program. The Town of Brunswick has over 1,600 acres of intertidal shellfish growing area along its 61 miles of coastline. The town currently licenses 50 commercial shellfish harvesters and many recreational harvesters. License numbers are determined by conducting shellfish inventory surveys every other year. Licensed harvesters are vested into the program and must accumulate conservation hours annually to remain eligible to retain their license the following year.
The Brunswick Marine Resource Committee along with the Marine Resource Officer conduct various enhancement, propagation, protection, and mitigation efforts each year. The Brunswick Marine Resource Committee meets the first Wednesday of each month.


text: In the manufacturing process of flip-chips, ultrasonic bonding has been widely used. In the past, however, the ultrasonic horn was designed to move horizontally while the bonding force was applied vertically, the motion control of the horn thus cannot be controlled accurately. In addition, non-coplanar effects were unavoidably occurred and the quality of bonding became unacceptable. In this paper, the non-coplanar phenomenon between the horn and the substrate was attempted to improve by designing the horn with the following features: 1. The resonant mode of the horn is purely longitudinal; 2. The contact surface between the horn and the flip-chip in the substrate remain plane; The finite element method (FEM) was used to design the ultrasonic horn with the above features. In the future, the amplitude-fluctuation electronic speckle pattern interferometry (AF-ESPI) will be used to verify the FEM results.


Flexeril vs Robaxin
 - Flexeril
 - What is Flexeril
 Flexeril (Cyclobenzaprine) is a muscle relaxer that relieves pain and discomfort caused by strains, sprains, and other muscle injuries. It has also been used off-label for fibromyalgia treatment.
 - Flexeril price
 $ 29.95 (Package 15mg x 10 pills)
 prices from H&B Pharmacy
 - How long does it take for flexeril to work
 This medication begins working within 20-30 minutes after it is ingested.
 - How does flexeril work
 Flexeril works by increasing the release of the chemical norepinephrine from central nervous structures in the brain. Cyclobenzaprine acting on the central nervous system, blocking nerve impulses that are sent from sore muscles to your brain.
 - Flexeril dosage
 The regular pills dosage is 2-4 times a day, while the extended release capsule is generally taken 1-2 times a day. The usual starting dose, according to the Drug Enforcement Administration, is 5 mg three times a day. The maximum recommended dose is 10 mg three times a day.
 - Side effects
 - dry mouth;
 - fatigue, weakness;
 - upset stomach;
 - loss of appetite;
 - dizziness, headaches;
 - drowsiness;
 - pounding heartbeat;
 - confusion with weakness and lack of coordination.
 - Robaxin
 - What is Robaxin
 Robaxin (Methocarbamol) is a prescription pills. It used with rest, physical therapy, and other measures to relax muscles and relieve pain and discomfort caused by strains, sprains, and other muscle injuries.
 - Robaxin price
 $ 51.20 (Package 500mg x 30 pills)
 prices from H&B Pharmacy
 - How long does it take for robaxin to work
 You may start feeling better soon (about half an hour) after start taking this drug.
 - How does robaxin work
 The exact mechanism of how Robaxin works is not known. Methocarbamol is presumed to work by depressing the central nervous system, leading to relaxation of muscles. It works by slowing activity in the nervous system to allow the body to relax.
 - Robaxin dosage
 Take Robaxin exactly as prescribed by your doctor, usually 3 to 4 times a day. The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. Do not take in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Follow the directions on your prescription label.
 - Side effects
 - drowsiness;
 - dizziness, fainting;
 - stomach upset;
 - nausea, vomiting;
 - blurred vision;
 - slow heartbeat;
 - yellowing eyes, skin;
 - mental changes such as confusion, forgetfulness.
I have degenerative disc disease and this medication helps. It does not make me drowsy like some other muscle relaxers. It isn't quite as dramatic in it's effect but the alternative is worse; like taking Flexeril and having to sleep! Skelaxin works about the same if not a little better but is really expensive so I am glad this much less expensive alternate works for me. This medication allows me to function and receive some moderate relief.
John F
Prescribed Cyclobenzaprine 10mg for a short trial period to assist with relaxing undetermined back muscular pain. I would take it in the evening, and Cyclobenzaprine did help me relax, but did little for the pain. Weird though... every single instance, I would get a good night of sleep, but just be bitchy/moody/on edge the entire next day.
I've had Flexeril prescribed for back pain for many years now. It really work for me. The main side effect is drowsiness. Makes me really sleepy. For that reason, I take it before bedtime.
I have real bad muscle spasms especially during the time of the month due to me being an athlete. Robaxin been the only medication to help me and keep me functioning all day without being balled up on the floor crying.
I have bulging disc in thoracic area on my back. After 4 months of pain, 21 physical therapy appt., and Vicodin 3 times a day my doctor prescribed Robaxin. I've been 6days on it and its wonderful! No more Vicodin, sleeping all night again and 6hr. Work days. Loving it.
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Question: How To Make Video Play Automatically In Powerpoint?
Why is my video not playing automatically in PowerPoint?
If the PowerPoint video is not playing automatically, then chances are that you could have set some other playback option for it. In this case, you can go to its Playback settings and change the autoplay feature. Step 1. Just open the file in PowerPoint and click on the video that is not playing automatically.
How do I get multiple videos to play automatically in PowerPoint?
PowerPoint Tutorial: How To Play Video Over Multiple Slides
 1. Click on the drop-down arrow next to the video in the animations pane, and select effect options.
 2. In the effect tab, now you can see the Stop Playing section. By default, 'after current slide' will be selected.
 3. Change this option to 'after', and select the number of slides you want the video to play over.
How do I make my presentation play continuously?
You might be interested: Readers ask: How To Watch Google Play Movies On Youtube?
Can you record video on PowerPoint?
Can you play two videos at once in PowerPoint?
Setting video to play "Automatically" in the ribbon sets the videos to play "After previous" by default( ie one after the other.) Open the Animation pane from ANIMATION tab and set both to "With previous" see if that helps.
How do I open two videos at the same time in PowerPoint?
OK, to solve this problem what you do is the following: load your first video and select the option that causes it to start automatically. Load the second video (or animation) and select this one to start on click. Now, when you run your presentation, click on the 2nd video as soon as the slide opens.
What are the steps to customize a slide show?
Create a custom show
 1. Open the presentation that you want to use to create a custom show.
 2. On the Slide Show tab, under Play Slide Show, click Custom Shows, and then click Edit Custom Shows.
 3. Click New.
 4. Under Slides in presentation, click the slides that you want to include in the custom show, and then click Add.
Categories: FAQ
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text:
Yes, you may use a double pointer to store the address of another pointer as well for creating a matrix, the compiler won't complain.
The memory you are going to use does actually depend on the
balasubramaniyan94 wrote:value = (int **) malloc(sizeof(int)*2);
The above line is wrong, it should be
value = (int **) malloc(sizeof(int *) * 2);
(You are lucky if, as often happens,
sizeof(int) == sizeof(int *)


note rubasov All of your hash keys (just the keys, not the values) will be stringified in perl5, so you cannot store a filehandle (or a reference) in a hash key (a hash key is a string, not a scalar variable for general use). Try to store these somewhere else, depending on your data structure for instance: %radar = (some_id => [$fileh, $repoch], some_other_id => [$fileh2, $repoch2],...) 824298 824298


text:
The City of Hamilton has made progress in terms of improving overall air quality since 1996, but there is much work yet to be done, according to a new report from Clean Air Hamilton.
Bruce Newbold, chair of Clean Air Hamilton, told the local Board of Health meeting last week that, "overall, the message is good" from the network of air quality monitoring stations across Hamilton.
"We also need the tools to drill down closer to look at what is happening in places of the city," he said at the virtual meeting. "As you see, the news continues to be good within the city in terms of reduction criteria for air pollutants."
The city does, however, have variations in air quality within its own limits. For instance, the west end has actually seen an increase in respirable particulate matter, also referred to as PM2.5.
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Overall, Newbold noted that while vehicles have made some improvements that reduce their environmental impact, the sheer increase in the number of vehicles within the city has countered those innovations.
"Transportation remains that critical piece in terms of improving air quality," Newbold stated.
Sulphur dioxide has also trended downward for the most part, but continues to be above the city's annual objective, particularly in the industrial centre, where there has been a slight increase for Industrial Site 1.
This pollution is generally a byproduct of industrial processes and burning of fossil fuels. It is also the main cause of acid rain. Hamilton has not met its objective of keeping these levels at 4 ppb, which is much higher than a number of other neighbouring Ontario municipalities such as Windsor, Sarnia and Toronto.
"It probably reflects the mix of industry that we have within the city and the location of industry within the city compared to some of these other locations," Newbold explained.
Nitrogen dioxide has also trended downward. These levels can often be attributed to combustion activities, said Newbold.
Benzene and benzopyrene, both carcinogenic pollutants associated with industry, are seeing declines within Hamilton over the last two decades, but remain above Ontario Ministry of Conservation and Parks' objectives.
Ozone levels, a pollutant that results from chemical reactions in the atmosphere, have remained steady.
The new data shows that Hamilton has experienced a decline in overall suspended particulate matter over the last two decades.
In 2020, Hamilton did not experience any Special Air Quality Statements or Smog and Air Health Advisory instances.


text:
Priority Placement Areas
Each ACT public school gives priority to the enrolment of children living in its Priority Placement Area (PPA). ACT public schools are non-selective. If a school has capacity available after placing all students from its PPA and making appropriate provisions for students who move into the PPA during the year and for future growth, it may be able to offer places to students who live outside the PPA.
Note: The term 'Priority Placement Area' now replaces the term 'Priority Enrolment Area' used in previous years. This change in terminology more accurately reflects the process by which students are accepted at a particular school.
2. Frequently Asked Questions
You may find the FAQs for Priority Placement Areas helpful.
The schedule of PPAs is in accordance with the Directorate's Education Participation Policy and the Enrolment in ACT Public Schools procedure PPA boundaries are reviewed annually to ensure there is an acceptable balance between expected student placements and school capacities. Most boundaries will remain unchanged from year to year, while others may vary (for example, due to population changes).
ACT residents have priority for placement in ACT public schools. Residents of rural areas within the ACT have priority for placement at the public school closest to the residence by road. NSW resident students may apply for placement in ACT schools. Where demand by ACT residents for places at a particular school or college exceeds available places, students resident in NSW will not be considered. In these circumstances NSW residents will have the opportunity to apply for a place in another ACT school.
The Early Childhood Schools at Isabella Plains, Lyons, Narrabundah, O'Connor, Southern Cross (Scullin) and Franklin do not have PPA boundaries. The relevant Early Childhood School boards will determine their own priorities for accepting students as required, so parents/carers need to discuss placement directly with the school.
For any out of area placements, families will need to contact the school of their choice for placement details and to discuss the availability of placement with the school principal. In general, under the Placement Policy, school boards determine their own priorities for accepting out of area placements. Due to capacity constraints, some schools cannot accept out of area placements.
Primary school PPAs apply to Preschool to Year 6 placements. Out of area placement at a primary school that is located in a high school's PPA does not guarantee placement at that high school. Similarly, out of area placement in a high school that is located in a college's PPA does not guarantee placement at that college.
The College placement policy includes specific criteria for the prioritisation of student placements.
4. Schedule of PPAs
Individual PPA maps are no longer available.
A detailed map of PPAs for 2013 can be found on the Allhomes website.
Instructions for using the Allhomes map tool:
- Scroll down the screen until you get to the options section.
- Select 'ACT Public School Zones'
- Select one of 'Primary Schools', 'High Schools' or 'Colleges'. This will bring up a new layer on the map.
Zoom in and out of the map using your mouse or blue arrows on the left.
The 2014 PPAs will be made available on Allhomes as soon as possible. The PPA information below shows arrangements for placements for 2013 and 2014 school year.
4.1 PPAs for 2014
To find your local school refer to the suburb look up table. PPA information is also provided in text form.
Suburb lookup table for 2014
The following information shows the schools which serve each suburb. Some parts of some suburbs cannot access all the listed schools due to certain suburbs being spread across a number of PPAs (refer to Allhomes map and the summary of PPA changes for more detail). This general guide should be viewed in conjunction with maps and tables relating to specific schools. This guide does not include Early Childhood Schools, Special Needs Schools and the Kindergarten to Year 6 French program at Telopea School as they have no priority placement areas.
PPA descriptions by school for 2014
The pages provide information about school or college linkages with suburbs or parts of suburbs:
4.2 PPAs for 2013
Suburb lookup table
The following information shows the schools which serve each suburb. Some parts of some suburbs cannot access all the listed schools (refer to Allhomes map for more detail). This general guide should be viewed in conjunction with maps and tables relating to specific schools. This guide does not include Early Childhood Schools, Special Needs Schools and the Kindergarten to Year 6 French program at Telopea School as they have no priority placement areas.
PPA Suburb Summary for 2013 (89kb)
PPA descriptions by school for 2013
The documents provide information about school or college linkages with suburbs or parts of suburbs.
Primary Schools 2013 (46kb)
High Schools 2013 (26kb)
Colleges 2013 (20kb)
For assistance to identify your local school, you may wish to contact _EMAIL_ or call (02) 6205 4865. This is for information on PPA boundaries only. Any issues about entry requirements should be discussed with the school concerned.
5. Potential PPA changes under consideration by the Directorate
Potential Timing: 2015 to 2016
Potentially Affected Schools: Amaroo School, Neville Bonner School and Harrison School
Potentially Affected Suburbs: Bonner and Forde
Description of Potential Change: P-6 students residing in Bonner and Forde to attend Neville Bonner School.
Potential Timing: 2015 to 2016
Potentially Affected Schools: Lyneham High School and Gold Creek School
Potentially Affected Suburbs: Hall
Description of Potential Change: ACT residents of Hall to attend Gold Creek School.
Potential Timing: 2016
Potentially Affected Schools: Future Coombs Primary School and Duffy and Curtin Primary Schools
Potentially Affected Suburbs: Coombs and Wright
Description of Potential Change: The new primary school in the suburb of Coombs is expected to open in 2016. Residents of the suburbs of Coombs and Wright may be given priority enrolment status at the new school in Coombs in addition to their existing priority enrolment arrangements.
Potential Timing: 2018 to 2019
Potentially Affected Schools: Future Kenny School, Harrison School and Lyneham Primary and High Schools
Potentially Affected Suburbs: Harrison, Kenny and Throsby (future)
Description of Potential Change: When the new school opens in the suburb or Kenny, it will provide priority enrolment status to Kenny, Throsby (future suburb) and the south eastern part of Harrison (Harrison 4). Interim PPA arrangements to Harrison and Lyneham will cease.
Potential Timing: 2018 to 2019
Potentially Affected Schools: Future Moncrieff Primary School and Amaroo School
Potentially Affected Suburbs: Moncrieff, Jacka (part) and Taylor (future)
Description of Potential Change: When the new school opens in the suburb of Moncrieff, it will provide priority enrolment status to Moncrieff, part Jacka and the early stages of Taylor.
6. Contact Details
If you require further assistance or clarification on the priority placement areas please refer to the contact details below. Please note these contact details are for information on PPA boundaries only. Any issues about entry requirements should be discussed with the school concerned.
Telephone: (02) 6205 4865


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Consider $G = GL_n( \mathbb{Q}_p)$ and $K = GL_n( \mathbb{Z}_p)$, or more favorable replace $ \mathbb{Q}_p$ by a non archimedean field and $\mathbb{Z}_p$ by the ring of integers.
Note that the space $G //K$ is discrete, since $K$ is open and closed in $G$.
Given a Haar measure on $G$, I can prove that there exists a unique (discrete) measure on $G//K$, such that $$ \int\limits_{G} f(g) d g = \sum\limits_{x \in G//K} w(x) \int\limits_{K \times K} f(k_1 x k_2) d k_1 d k_2.$$
How can $w$ be expressed, if we pick a representative $x = diag( w^{k_1}, \dots, w^{k_n})$ for a uniformizer $w$?
Perhaps easier, but equivalent what is the ratio: $vol_G (K xK)/ vol_G(K)?$
(More out of curiousity: How is the Plancherel measure related to this?)
share|improve this question
You are dealing with the integral formula for the Haar measure on $G$, associated with the Cartan decomposition $G=KAK$. Since the Plancherel measure lives on the dual object $\hat{G}$, I don't see any obvious relation between the two. – Alain Valette Dec 17 '11 at 22:05
2 Answers 2
up vote 3 down vote accepted
The measure of $KxK$ is a classical computation that may be found in: Macdonald "Symmetric Functions and Hall Polynomials" (Oxford Mathematical Monographs), more precisely in Chapter V: The Hecke ring of ${\rm GL}(n)$ over a local field.
share|improve this answer
This is very useful, thank you. I will delete my response as obsolete. The final answer is (2.9) on p.298 of Macdonald's book. – GH from MO Dec 17 '11 at 18:05
My copy of Mc Donalds (1979) has it on pg. 162! Thanks to both of you. – Marc Palm Dec 18 '11 at 10:02
Depending on taste, one might also find appealing or helpful the description of this in terms of the Iwahori-Hecke algebra, with affine Weyl group and affine cartan decomposition $G=\bigcup_w BwB$ where $B$ is the Iwahori. Among other features, this does give a way to inductively determine the measure of $BwB$, once the measure of $B$ is normalized, because there is a precise cell-multiplication rule $BwB\cdot BsB=BwsB$ when the length of $ws$ is strictly greater than that of $w$, and $s$ is one of the affine reflections generating $W$. That is, the length in $W$ is equivalent to knowing the measure of the Iwahori coset.
(Inevitably, surely MacDonald's discussion does something equivalent to this, but I don't remember, and I don't have a copy accessible to me.)
share|improve this answer
I checked the other answer, because it directly answers my question, but your suggestion seems a lot more suitable for my purposes than the ''naive'' KAK decomposition I was aking about. Do you have a reference for this? Thanks a lot for mentioning this. – Marc Palm Dec 18 '11 at 10:04
_USER_, In my "Buildings and Classical Groups" book, (math.umn.edu/~garrett/m/buildings/book.pdf) chapter 5 exactly treats this: it is simply the BN-pair (with corresponding Bruhat decomposition, etc) attached to the affine building. Probably any book on buildings mentions this at some point. In some sources, the cell multiplication rule is an "axiom". In my chapter 5 I prove that it follows from the building properties. – paul garrett Dec 18 '11 at 15:01
So just to confirm that I understand what you are saying notationwise: In your notation $B$ is the pullback of the Borel subrgoup $B'$ in $GL(n, o/p)$ along the projection $GL(n,o) \rightarrow \GL(n, o/p)$ and $w$ runs through the normalizer of all diagonal matrices $M$ (=affine Weyl group $MW$?). This is called affine Cartan decomposition? What is $N$ in the $BN$ pair, if $B$ is the Iwahori? ($N=MW$?) I am rather fine with using axioms, but it usually gives me a headache to verify that they hold for specific examples. – Marc Palm Dec 18 '11 at 16:53
_USER_: Yes, in this situation, $B$ can be described as the inverse image in $GL(n,o)$ of the Borel in $GL(n,o/p)$. Yes, the affine Weyl group is normalizer of diagonals, modulo diagonal unit matrices. In my book/notes I verify (as did Bruhat and Tits ages ago, maybe it's in Bourbaki Lie ch. iv-...?) that the affine building for $SL(n,k)$ can be constructed via homothety classes of lattices. Then the building properties prove an abstracted Bruhat decomposition. One can also prove, following Tits, that the Coxeter-group property follows from the building set-up. – paul garrett Dec 18 '11 at 18:22
Your Answer


text:
A term used in medicine to refer to a doctor's overall collection of skills and tools to perform the art of healing. A physician's armamentarium may contain surgical procedures, access to an MRI scanner, bedside manner, the basic ability to diagnose illness and a prescription pad.
Armamentarium may also refer to a general collection of equipment possessed by a medical institution, or procedures available to the medical community in general.
In becoming a dermatologist, Dr. Fishman added many chemical peel procedures to her armamentarium.
Modern medicine has a massive armamentarium of antibiotic therapies for combating bacterial infection.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Grandparents Can Affect Grandchildren in Divorce
If you're getting a divorce and your children are close to their grandparents, that's great. Especially considering how these days, not all families are as close as they were in generations past. Sometimes though, when children of divorce visit their grandparents it can be a double edged sword.
If your soon-to-be ex's parents don't like you, their attitude towards you may bother your children. As their mother or father, seeing your child distraught can be hard, especially when your child wants to feel good about loving their grandparents.
It's Natural to Take Sides
We suppose it's only natural to take sides when a son or daughter divorces. But, just as you and your spouse shouldn't be dissing each other in front of your kids, the same goes for the grandparents; this is often overlooked.
While your former mother-in-law may believe that she's only hurting you when she makes hurtful remarks about you to your kids, she is causing her grandchildren distress.
Should you take the high road?
If you are the grandparent and your son or daughter is getting a divorce and you cannot stand your former daughter or son-in-law, should you refuse to talk about them? Unfortunately, that's not the best strategy.
If you never talk about your former son or daughter-in-law, or if you change the subject when your grandchild mentions their name, it could make your grandchild feel bad.
Whatever your thoughts or feelings about your grandchildren's parents, you should speak of their good qualities to the kids. "Your mom is a great cook," or "Your father can fix anything," or "Your mother loves you very much."
If you don't like your son or daughter's ex, there's no point in making it clear to the kids – by your actions or your words – that you strongly dislike their mother or father.
Even if your former son or daughter-in-law is a terrible person, your grandkids will figure it out. In the meantime when they are with you, it's important that they don't feel like they have to choose sides.
If your words or actions cause them distress, they will resent that, or they may not want to spend so much time with you so they can avoid feeling that way.
It's best to empathize with your grandkids. If you are divorced or a child of divorce, try to remember how it made you feel and do your best to be accommodate their needs.
Need family law advice? Call Claery & Green, LLP for a free consultation.


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Four copper gargoyles from 1878 sit overlooking Memorial Hall on thin turrets at each corner of the building. A classic feature of gothic architecture, gargoyles have both aesthetic and functional purposes, usually serving as decoration for drainpipes. With their open mouths and scowling faces, Memorial Hall's gargoyles hold true to both gothic aesthetics and tradition, originally diverting rainwater away from the building's facade.
In 1956, the top portion of Memorial Hall's tower was ruined by a fire. One of the four gargoyles was destroyed; another fell from the tower but survived. Previously preserved by the Fogg Museum, where it used to be hung out of the museum's second story at Commencement, it is now displayed at the Queen's Head Pub in the lower level of Memorial Hall.
The two other gargoyles also survived the fire and have remained in their perch. The whole tower was restored in 2000 to its original design, including the four gargoyles that sit atop the edifice today.
The edifice of the building is also decorated with several portrait busts of notable orators, thinkers, and scholars. They are set around the dome of Sanders Theater, and include:


NEWTON, Ask A Scientist!
Name: Tom M.
Status: other
Age: 40s
Location: N/A
Country: N/A
Date: 2000-2001
Do I understand Archimedies principal correctly? If I build a 5'x5'x1' plywood frame (waterproof of course)it would displace 25 cubic feet of sea water @ 64 pounds per cubic foot the vessel would be able to support 2600 pounds total of vessel weight and cargo? Seems way to high? I was too embarassed to ask my daughter.
Your assessment of the situation is correct. The box would displace 25 cubic feet of water at about 60+ pounds / cubic foot. Amazing, but true.
ProfHoff 316
You have the basic principle down correctly. A vessel that displaces 25 cubic feet of seawater can support or float with about 2600 pounds of total weight.
The reason that this seems too high to you is that you could not build a boat of this size and put 26000 pounds of cargo in it, because it would quickly sink.
In a boat, the top is open, so water can spill over the side. In order to support 2600 pounds, the frame would have to be perfectly balanced, the cargo would have to be perfectly balanced, and the water would have to be perfectly calm. In reality none of these situations can be acheived.
If the box had a sealed top, then you the total weight could be 2600 pounds and it would float at or near the surface, depending on the temperature and salt content of the seawater.
But, boats, without a sealed top, have to account for stability under conditions where the load (people and cargo), are not perfectly balanced and are shifting around, and where there are waves and other disturbances in the water.
In fact, with the simple frame you have described, one person could stand in a corner of the boat, and force the corner under the water. Then the boat would fill up with water and sink. So while your frame could (in theory) support over 2000 pounds, you would find that it really would not be safe to attempt more than a few hundred pounds in the frame, and even then you would need to be careful so it did not sink.
I hope this helps.
Eric Tolman
Hi, Tom!!
I did not understand quite well your question and may be you could bring more light on it. But, it seems to me that you will build a 5 ft x 5 ft x 1 ft plywood, right? Its volume reaches V = 5 x 5 x 1 = 25 ft3. If 1 ft3 of seawater has a mass of 64 lb, then it results (25 ft3) x (64 lb/ft3) =1600 lb plus cargo. You mentioned 2600 lb and said it seems way to high.
Is it clear to you now? Or what more do you wish to know? What are you going to do with this vessel?
Alcir Grohmann
Beschaffung SAM
Embarassment not necessary, a lot of people do not get this right.
Archimedes principle states that the bouyant force exerted on a body is equal to the force exerted by the mass of the volume of DISPLACED FLUID (say water).
The important point here is this: The volume of the displaced fluid depends both upon the shape and mass of the object. You can see this by doing the following "thought experiment".
Take two identical pieces of aluminum foil. Crumple the first into a ball. Form the second into the shape of a shallow "boat". Place both on the surface of water. The ball sinks, but the boat floats. The reason is the ball does not displace much water, but the boat because of its shape displaces a much larger amount of water even though it has the same mass as the ball.
A side note: The capacity of a ship is often expressed in terms of its "displacement", which is the amount of water the ship displaces. That is why flat barges are used to carry heavy cargo.
Vince Calder
Your initial numbers are correct, but 25 ft^3 x 64 lb/ft^3 = 1600 lb, not 2600. This is still a fair amount of weight. It doesn't mean that your "craft" would be sea-worthy, though. One wave over the gunwales, and the whole thing would go down like a rock if you've loaded it to capacity.
Richard E. Barrans Jr., Ph.D.
Assistant Director
PG Research Foundation, Darien, Illinois
No, you are absolutely correct (except for one detail -- see below).
These numbers are roughly consistent with my experience building rafts on the Wisconsin River as a young man, although I mostly used waterlogged ties.
Do ask your daughter! I am sure she would be delighted to discuss it with you. You might want to build a diver, as my father did with me and I did for my daughter. Get a wide mouthed bottle and fill it with water. Put in it a small bottle, mouth down, almost filled with water so it is just floating. Then stretch a sheet of rubber or similar across the mouth and secure with a rubber band. Now with a little effort you can make the diver sink by pressing on the rubber and rise when you release it. Why is that?
Detail: But before you discuss with your daughter, note that 25 * 64 = 1600 (not 2600). Have fun!
Best, Dick Plano
You have the concepts right but the answer is incorrect.
I get 25 cubic feet X 64 lbs per cubit foot = 1600 lbs
This, of course, is an upper limit. Any additional weight would sink the craft to the bottom, so a safer approach would be to leave about 6 inches above water, resulting in a maximum "safe" capacity of 800 lbs.
Greg Bradburn
You understand right, but you have a multiplication error.
Tim Mooney
25 * 64 = 1600 lbs, not 2600 lbs Remember that rafts are normally made up of round logs. Say each log is 6" in diameter. A raft that is 25 cubic feet would take be about 8' x 8'. I can imagine that a raft that large would be capable of holding 10 small men.
-Wil Lam
Correcting the calculator error produces a value of 25x16=1600 pounds of vessel weight and cargo. What this does not take into account is the fact that 1600 pounds is just enough to sink the vessel in perfectly calm water. It would push the top of the box down to the water surface. A bug landing on the box would push it under. To accomodate things such as small waves and bouncing, I would recommend limiting it to 800 pounds. This is not unreasonable. A 5'x5' raft of solid wood could easily support six adults.
Dr. Ken Mellendorf
Illinois Central College
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The grey-faced sengi is a relative newcomer to the elephant shrew family. The journey of discovery began in 2005, when a unfamilar species of giant elephant shrew was caught on a camera trap in the Udzunga mountains of Tanzania. An expedition the following year confirmed this as the first new elephant shrew species identified for over 120 years and by far the biggest. The only place on Earth they can be found is in this African mountain range, where the population is estimated to be fewer than 100.
Scientific name: Rhynchocyon udzungwensis
Grey-faced elephant shrew
The Grey-faced sengi can be found in a number of locations including: Africa. Find out more about these places and what else lives there.
The following habitats are found across the Grey-faced sengi distribution range. Find out more about these environments, what it takes to live there and what else inhabits them.
Discover what these behaviours are and how different plants and animals use them.
Additional data source: Animal Diversity Web
The grey-faced sengi (Rhynchocyon udzungwensis) is a species of elephant shrew that is endemic to the Udzungwa Mountains of south-central Tanzania. The discovery of the species was announced in January 2008; only 15 species of elephant shrew were known until then, and the last discovery was made more than 120 years ago. As the name implies, the species is characterised by a distinctive grey face and a black rump, as well as being larger than the other species of elephant shrews.
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Elizabeth Gray Vining papers, _PHONE_ (bulk: _PHONE_).
There are 8 Entities related to this resource.
General of the Army Douglas MacArthur (26 January 1880 – 5 April 1964) was an American five-star general and Field Marshal of the Philippine Army. He was Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s and played a prominent role in the Pacific theater during World War II. He received the Medal of Honor for his service in the Philippines campaign, which made him and his father Arthur MacArthur Jr. the first father and son to be awarded the medal. He was one of only five to rise to the ...
By Source, Fair use, Link May Sarton (May 3, 1912-July 16, 1995), poet and novelist, was born Elanore Marie Sarton in Wondelgem, Belgium, the daughter of George Sarton, a noted historian of science, and Eleanor Mabel Elwes, an English portrait painter and designer. Sarton moved with her parents to England, and in 1916 the family immigrated to the United States. All three became naturalized Americans in 1924, by which time Sarton's name had been Americanized to Eleanor May. Sart...
Vining was born in Philadelphia and educated at Bryn Mawr and Drexel. Vining's first book, "Meredith's Ann," was published in 1929 and over the years she published over 18 children's and religious books. Vining also served on the Board of Trustees at Bryn Mawr between 1952 and 1971. From the description of Letter, 1954. (Temple University Libraries). WorldCat record id: 122489969 ...
Clarence Pickett (_PHONE_) was a prominent Friend. The executive secretary of the American Friends Service Committee from 1929 to 1950, he was influential in governmental and international circles as well. He served as an advisor to Presidents Hoover, Roosevelt, Truman and Kennedy. Eleanor Roosevelt once said that she would "always try to do the things Clarence asks because I have great trust in his judgment." From the guide to the Clarence Pickett journals, _PHONE_, (Haverford C...


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A History Book Publisher for Your Educational Establishment
It is the mission of a school that sets the stage for all that follows. The founders – who they were and why they were drawn to educationis often the first chapter of a school's history. Upon their vision, bricks and mortar and enduring traditions were built. The story continues to be told by the students, faculty, and loyal alumni. The buildings and the mascots, the activities and the athletes, all can play an important part in making a school what it is today. A school history appendix might include a list of founders, presidents, curators, prestigious faculty, or national championships. If you're searching for a history book publisher The Donning team can help you refine the essence an education at your institution and then tell that unique story through carefully selected words and images.
Here's a list of a few of the schools we've worked with.
- Colorado Christian University
- Jefferson City Public Schools
- Kansas State University
- Kuyper College
- Lamar High School Alumni
- LIM College
- The University of San Francisco
- Columbia College
- University of Memphis
- Maryland University
- Tennessee State University


What is moisture mapping?
When water damage occurs, insurance companies and clean up crews are affected. The first question to ask is, how extensive is the damage? Moisture mapping is a way of visually representing the moisture levels in a property. This means everyone can clearly understand where the wet zone (damage) ends and the dry zone (undamaged) begins.
So will I get a moisture map of my property?
A moisture map can be presented as a paper map or a computer summary. It may also be marked on the material (usually walls or floor) in question, with chalk, pen, tape or another marking material. Making marks on your property ensure it's clear where the wet zone ends and the dry zone begins. Depending on the damage it may be unsuitable to walk on the wet zone. In this case, having a visual boundary is useful.
How is moisture measured?
Moisture can be detected in a variety of ways. Some being more sophisticated than others (ever stepped on a soggy carpet?) The high tech tools are typically only used around the perimeter of the wet zone, to understand exactly where the wet zone and dry zone meet. These tools include infrared cameras and moisture meters.
Why does this moisture map say my dry zone is damp too?
All buildings have a certain level of naturally occurring moisture. If you've been given a printed moisture map, it may indicate this level as the moisture of the dry zone. It may also vary across the building, and again this can be completely normal. For example, picture a leisure centre. The sauna and swimming pool areas will be incredibly moist, without a leak, the changing room (with its showers) quite moist and reception less moist.
Will my moisture map change?
Yes. One of the most useful features of moisture mapping is that it indicates if the damp is spreading or shrinking. If a pipe bursts under the floor then an hour-by-hour update would show the water spreading then stopping when the mains water supply was switched off. The wet zone might shrink as efforts were made to dry out the property, but grow again if the water was switched back on before an effective repair was completed. Typically, moisture mapping will be done at long intervals – less than once a week – as it takes time to dry a property. Spot checks will occur if the contractor doing the drying has any concerns.
Why do I have islands of damp on my moisture map?
Water moves consistently, but that doesn't mean it will affect a room evenly. This is particularly true where the water is moving mainly through hidden channels and the effects are being seen at one remove, such as when water is underneath floorboards.
If you are interested in our moisture mapping services, please don't hesitate to get in contact with our expert team. Have a look at our testimonials and case studies to see examples of our success stories with our valued clients. We offer a range of domestic services from moisture mapping to smoke damage restoration.


Historical Terms
Historical Terms
(Russian, istorizmy), words designating objects, things, or phenomena that do not exist today. The Russian words tiun (tax collector) and bortnichat' (to gather the honey of wild bees), for example, have now disappeared from the language, although they occur as historical terms in descriptions of ancient Rus'.
Historical terms may be hundreds of years old, for example, smerd (peasant in ancient Russia), boyar, and bratina (a globe-shaped vessel for beverages used at communal feasts), or they may be only a few decades old, for instance, nepman, likbez (campaign against illiteracy), and prodnalog (tax in kind). Unlike archaisms, historical terms do not have semantic equivalents in the modern language. Historical terms are usually employed for stylistic effect in literary works on historical themes, for example, "the princes in shishaki (spiked helmets) rode about, while the kmety (peasant warriors) shod in bast sandals repulsed the foes in fierce fighting" (N. Aseev).
Kalinin, A. V. Leksika russkogo iazyka, 2nd ed. Moscow, 1971. Pages 102–07.
Mikhailovskaia, N. G. "Ustarevshie slova." Russkaia rech', 1972, no. 6.
References in periodicals archive?
For many people one of the most beautiful and in historical terms one of the most interesting towns in Slovakia.
Her study dovetails with the spatial turn that environmental concerns have bequeathed the humanities today, she says, but the stakes were very different in historical terms, because gardens in early Netherlandish art deeply animated bodily moralization for devout viewers, who were taught that their salvation was contingent on physical normativity and carnal control.
Athlon Sports led its list with the most significant moment in historical terms: Jackie Robinson breaking MLB's color barrier on opening day in 1947.
In historical terms, the principle of sovereignty was fairly undermined by the duo of superpowers in their contest for hegemony.
economy, in historical terms, is "overdue" for some kind of contraction.
"As a locomotive, Billy's value in historical terms has been increased, not just because it's the world's third oldest, but because it feels like we have George Stephenson's signature on it.
In historical terms, the shootings at schools and nightclubs are footnotes to the slaughter of millions of innocents worldwide by tyrannical regimes that earlier had foisted gun control on citizens.
While the figures have increased, statisticians claim these rates remain low in historical terms, with 6,313 infant deaths being recorded in 1986.
While the figures have increased, statisticians say rates remain low in historical terms, with 6,313 infant deaths in 1986.
While the figures have increased overall statisticians claim these rates remain low in historical terms, with 6,313 infant deaths being recorded in 1986.
Chairman ZvizdiA said that Austria was important for BiH in every respect, in economic, political, cultural and historical terms. He said that for a number of years the Austrian companies were the biggest investors in Bosnia and Herzegovina and expressed the expectation that this positive trend will be maintained, the BiH Council of Ministers said.
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Part 2: Prefurbia Incorporates Flow
- By Rick Harrison
- Oct 01, 2010
For the past four decades, the automotive industry has invested billions in fuel efficiency and reducing drag and, at the same time, significantly added to the average engine horsepower. While government has focused on the vehicle, no steps have been taken to make neighborhood streets more efficient.
The management of a new era of design dedicated to reducing time and energy while transiting through a neighborhood is called "flow." In Prefurbia, flow is essential to neighborhood sustainability.
Getting a vehicle in motion (Phase 1), cruising (Phase 2) and stopping or slowing (Phase 3) are the three phases of a "segment cycle." A segment begins upon entry to a street and ends when a driver stops or slows down to turn or enter another street. Phase 1 involves the time and energy needed to get a oneto two-ton (or more) vehicle moving from a stop to a target residential speed. In some areas, this could be from 20 miles per hour to 30 mph. Phase 1 consumes the most energy and typically the most time. Phase 2 uses the least time and less energy than Phase 1. Phase 3 consumes almost as much time as Phase 1, but with new braking technology, this phase can actually generate energy. Reducing the number of Phase 1 segments lowers the amount of energy consumed. Similarly, reducing the number of Phase 1 and 3 segments also shortens the time needed to travel.
At 30 mph, the distance needed to accelerate and then stop comfortably is about 400 feet.
In traditional planning processes, designers give little (if any) attention to the flow of traffic. Very few homes are located on an entry street, requiring 90 percent of the residents to travel a minimum of two segment cycles. About half the residents have to use three segment cycles to reach their homes. In Prefurbia, most residents can get home with just one segment cycle, and only a few others have two segment cycles.
The length of Phase 2 is critical. In the conventional subdivision, for the most part, the distance along each segment cycle is quite short with some so small that Phase 2 is never reached. This design may be so inconvenient from a flow standpoint that the driver is "encouraged" to accelerate to make up for the time. Segment cycles within the Prefurbia neighborhood are long, enabling a driver more time in Phase 2.
Note the cul-de-sac on the right in Figure 3. Why didn't the designer reverse the street to loop the cul-de-sac the other way, reducing the segment length from the entry to the end of the cul-de-sac? Prefurbia is a balance of economics, environment, and existence so the designer must weigh each benefit and derive a design that serves each of the three "Es" well. In this case, the geometry of the area better achieves efficiency with the current configuration. Also, having an intersection serving 30 homes as soon as a driver enters the neighborhood is not the best for safety. On the other side of the site, there is such an intersection but it serves fewer lots. Finally, the cul-de-sac provides a nice entrance void of street intersections. The homes pulled away from the street give the impression of low density. If a street was placed at this point, entering the neighborhood would not have this welcome feel.
In Prefurbia, designers use [_URL_ traffic diffusers, which maintain flow on the primary traffic street while providing the functionality of a roundabout.
From a pollution standpoint – addressing the auto industry without addressing planning is like requiring frosting to have no calories yet use the frosting on a high fat, sugar laden cake
Reducing environmental impacts
Prefurbia reduces waste and employs more efficient forms of design. The method represents a reversal of how technology in land development is used, replacing lots per minute (LPM) automation with the art of neighborhood design. It's time for technology to be used to construct great neighborhoods for families to thrive. By exceeding the minimums, designers can deliver economic and environmental advantages.
There are only a few situations in which a tight grid pattern designed to minimums is the optimum solution from a geometric perspective. Such a site must closely conform to the dimensions needed to stack lots, with a fairly flat topography and long blocks that have few cross streets.
Here are a few examples that demonstrate better efficiency gains through design.
Figure 1 shows two cul-de-sac's side by side. Both use the following minimums:
- 25-foot front yard setback,
- 5-foot side yard setback,
- 80-foot lot width at the setback, and
- 60-foot cul-de-sac minimum radii.
The conventional subdivision (left) has four premium lots with larger rear yards. The lots are set along a street void of traffic, which are the two main features that make a typical cul-de-sac lot demand premiums. The distance between home fronts is a minimum of 170 feet face to face, providing a feel of very low density.
With 8,500 square feet of paving, serving very few lots, standard cul-de-sacs are terrible for the environment and very inefficient. Four 80-foot-wide standard lots facing each other would need only 4,800 square feet (160 x 30) of street paving. The conventional cul-de-sac in this case is 44 percent less efficient, requiring that much more in paving costs and environmental impacts. Snow removal for those that live in the north and municipal costs to maintain those premium lots are both 44 percent greater.
Exceeding minimums can seem magical. The second cul-de-sac (right) exceeds the minimums. The end circle is greater with a 160-foot (versus 120 foot) diameter, and the homes are set back further than the minimum. The lot width at the front setback line remains at the 80-foot minimum. The street along the cul-de-sac is different, now a one-way street because that is how people drive along a cul-de-sac and a larger radius justifies a one-way lane with a central landscaped park.
Instead of 8,500 square feet of paving, this cul-de-sac has 7,400 square feet (13 percent less) serving eight instead of four premium lots. Eight standard lots along a street facing each other would require 9,600 square feet of paving. By exceeding the minimums, the designer increased efficiency by 23 percent over standard rectangular lots. The central island can be used for a neighborhood park or for rain gardens, or a combination to further add character and reduce environmental impacts. When the island is used to filter stormwater, there would be no mountable curbs to pay for, reducing costs even more.
A wide walk extends through the neighborhood. The driveways become longer, but they are tapered and use the Prefurbia method of sculpting with organic lanes, so they consume similar surface area to a standard driveway, even though they are longer.
Density is a function of how many lots a designer can fit along the front setback line. In order to stretch the front setback length to gain density (when the minimum setback guarantees the front of the home is exactly parallel to the curb), the designer also must stretch the street. To gain density, the designer consumes the site with street, which is a poor choice for the environment and economics.
The cul-de-sac example increases the setback depth, which is still somewhat concentric to the traffic circle. With Prefurbia, designers can totally separate the relationship between front setback and street where road paving, walks, and homes all form their own organized sculpted shapes.
Coving is the first organized planning method that separates the rigid parallel relationship between the front of the home and curb of the street. Efficiency varies, but a 25 percent gain in efficiency compared to conventional design is about the average. Imagine a world with 25 percent less construction costs and environmental impacts. An organic free-form design will almost always conform to the natural surface area much easier than a rigid pattern. With the gain in efficiency, monotony is a thing of the past, each lot takes on a unique shape making it virtually impossible to utilize a LPM technology.