You are here
Sport and SDGs case study: European Football for Development Network
Copyrights: EFDN [EFDN Youth Exchange Bremen]
Sport and SDGs case study: European Football for Development Network
EFDN showcases and actively contributes to the implementation of the SDGs.
How does your organisation work toward achieving the SDGs?
EFDN showcases the SDGs: Visibility, explanations and advertisement on our communications channels (social media, website, newsletters, brochures, etc.)
EFDN vehicles the Global Goals: Offer and share knowledge/ good practices/ insights of SDGs' integration process into the organisation's management on the annual conferences as well as on the Online Platform.
EFDN actively contributes to the implementation of the SDGs: Partnerships discussions with the UNDP and the ILO to engage in a common long-term project.
Which specific goals do you target?
EFDN integrates Goal 3 in its daily activities by promoting sports and in particular football across Europe.
Goal 4-5-8-9-10-11 are challenged through our multiple Youth/Staff Exchanges and our Study Visits. Goal 17 refers to the creations of new opportunities and collaborations joining us, our members, our partners and all other interested sport organisations or universities into European Programmes. This is one of EFDN's core occupations accordingly to its Network missions in the CSR -football industry.
What changes have you made to your work since the SDGs were introduced in January 2016?
Since the publication, EFDN felt responsible and decided to promote the SDG's to its members, partners and associated organisations. EFDN consequently connects its activities to specific Global Goals, to make stakeholders aware of the SDGs' meaning, importance and outcomes.
Additionally, our members have been inspired by the SDGs too, and develop extremely interesting projects in line with specific local needs of their communities.
How is your organisation measuring progress?
We are monitoring and evaluating our programmes on a continual basis. Collecting quantitative (pre-/post-tests) and qualitative (interviews/ case studies) data allows EFDN to get direct feedback. These mix-methods produce objective acknowledgments of the programmes: positive and improvable aspects, outcomes and their impacts on community and individuals.
Moreover, EFDN collaborates with Substance which reinforces the quality of our reporting activities. Finally, this ensemble can be associated with an overall contribution and progress towards the sustainable development.
Article type
HMJ Rovers
Friday, July 13, 2018 - 13:57
E-Newsletter subscribe


text:
Structural repair in marine environments
Nature's forces of deterioration are constant and unrelenting. Nowhere is this fact more evident than in marine environments, where corrosion, wave action, marine organisms and other forces are continually at work. The impact of deterioration can range from aesthetic issues to the general serviceability of a structure, including loss of section and reduced load bearing capacity. Severe deterioration can even result in the abandonment of a structure.
The Advanced Pile Encapsulation Process has been designed to address these issues. Since 1984, MasterBrace Pile Encapsulation Systems have been used on a wide variety of marine and industrial applications, including bridges, offshore oil and gas structures, dams, piers, pipelines and chemical process facilities.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
WHILE telling the world that they have stopped producing plutonium for nuclear weapons, Britain and the US are planning to carry on making tritium for H-bombs. The US government is proposing to bring a major new tritium production plant into operation by 2010, while British Nuclear Fuels (BNFL) is continuing to manufacture tritium for Trident missiles at the Chapelcross nuclear plant in Scotland.
During the 178-nation conference on the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), which finished in New York last week, the US and Britain were criticised by non-nuclear weapons states for failing to make enough progress towards nuclear disarmament. In response, both the US Vice-President Al Gore and the British Foreign Secretary Douglas Hurd stressed that they had stopped producing plutonium for weapons. But they failed to explain that this was because they have large plutonium stockpiles. Nor did they mention their plans for tritium production.
Tritium is a naturally...
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
An investigation on peer feedback for EFL students ages 10 to 14 /
Schram, Elizabeth M.
MetadataShow full item record
The purpose of this study was to leam more about how EFL (English as Foreign Language) students interacted during peer feedback conferences. Thirty EFL students from Mexico aged 10 to 14 years old participated in this study. The following four main questions were addressed: 1. What criteria did the students use to evaluate their peers' writing? 2. What revisions were made in relation to peer feedback comments? 3. What was the students' behaviour like during peer feedback conferences? 4. What were the students' perceived attitudes concerning peer feedback conferences? Each of the 30 students wrote a first and a second draft and then took part in a peer feedback conference. All students were interviewed and asked to rate a story and provide a peer feedback comment for the author during interview. The study found that the EFL students were able to provide comments to their peers' writing, but only after their third conference were they actually able to provide higher level comments. The majority of students said that they liked peer feedback sessions. The results also indicated that the students needed more practice with their revisions because they did not make a lot of revisions to make their writing clearer with fewer mistakes. This study concludes that there still needs to be further research. First of all, it would be useful to conduct a similar study with EFL students but one that is conducted over a longer period of time in order to determine if the students continued to develop their peer feedback comments and revision strategies.


text:
TO: The Honorable James S. Gilmore, III
THROUGH: The Honorable M. Boyd Marcus, Jr.
FROM: Ronald L. Tillett
SUBJECT: December Revenue Data
This months revenue report includes the revised forecast released with your budget on December 17. In the first column of the report is the forecast and in the last column is the required growth rates. Revenue collections through the first half of fiscal year 2000 were 13.7 percent above last years levels. In December, total revenue grew by 17.7 percent and was driven by an extraordinarily large amount of estimated payments made by individuals being received in December ahead of the January 15 due date. Presently, we do not have enough information to definitively explain the unusual increase.
The national economy remains strong. Although four of the ten indicators declined in November, the Index of Leading Economic Indicators still rose 0.3 percent in November, a substantial jump. The leading index showed an 0.8 percent increase over the past six months, which is almost twice its historic average. The nations payrolls grew by 315,000 jobs in December, considerably higher than the monthly average of 215,000 new jobs for the first 11 months of the year.
Consumer confidence climbed to a new record in December as higher interest rates and energy costs have failed to dampen consumers attitudes. However, a combination of higher interest rates and the filling of pent-up demand appear to have slowed the housing market significantly. In November, single family housing starts dropped 3.6 percent and are now 6 percent below last years level. Personal income grew by 0.4 percent in November and consumption expenditures increased by a healthy 0.5 percent. Continued economic expansion has created upward pressure on prices in some sectors of the economy, such as the labor and energy markets. Still, inflation remains below its 25-year average. In addition, the anticipated Y2K meltdown did not occur.
In Virginia, job growth remains healthy -- increasing 1.9 percent in November compared with last year. The unemployment rate fell 0.1 percentage point to 2.6 percent in November -- the lowest November rate in 47 years.
Individual Income Taxes
In December, net individual income tax collections grew by 26.1 percent over last year. For the first half of the fiscal year, collections grew at 17.1 percent, the highest mid-year growth rate since 1981.
Withholding: Withholding collections increased 12.8 percent above last December. Year-to-date growth of 14.4 percent is somewhat ahead of the official estimate of 10.5 percent growth as wage rate increases and strong stock option activity continue to push withholding collections above expectations.
Nonwithholding: Nonwithholding receipts for December were $79 million above last years collections. This increase was higher than expected, as a handful of inordinately large payments skewed the months receipts. Additionally, there was an unusually large number of payments received just prior to December 31 (payments received prior to December 31 are deductible on taxpayers 1999 federal returns).
On a year-to-date basis, growth in nonwithholding is 35.2 percent, exceeding the official forecast of 11.4 percent growth.
Refunds: Refunds this month were $14.2 million compared with $10.9 million in December of last year. Refunds issued in the first half of the fiscal year grew by 5.3 percent, slightly behind the revised estimate of 8.1 percent. However, about 85 percent of the refunding activity takes place in the second half of the fiscal year.
In Virginia, December sales tax collections were 9.5 percent above last year and pushed year-to-date growth to 7.3 percent -- slightly ahead of the annual estimate of 6.8 percent. Continued strength in personal income growth, coupled with the wealth effect, is supporting record high consumer confidence and driving robust consumer spending.
Initial reports indicate that this years holiday sales appear to have been one of the best holiday seasons in a decade. The trend of strong holiday shopping is also carrying into the New Year as the day after Christmas fell on a Sunday and mild winter weather allowed consumers to shop for presents for themselves. In Virginia, January sales tax
collections should contain the bulk of holiday sales receipts. The forecast anticipates an 8 percent increase in November and December sales tax collections, a solid increase over last years 5 percent growth. Preliminary indications suggest that we may exceed that estimate.
Corporate Income Tax
Corporate receipts for December, which include the second quarterly estimated payment of the fiscal year, were $77.7 million -- $3.6 million higher than last December. Receipts increased by 4.9 percent for the month and year-to-date growth of 23.7 percent is considerably ahead of the official forecast of 13.0 percent.
Public Service Corporations
Collections for this revenue source declined by 12.9 percent in December -- most likely due to mild fall weather. For the year, receipts are down 3.8 percent compared with the official forecast of 8.4 percent growth.
Insurance Company Premiums
December collections of insurance company premiums, which represent the second quarterly payment from insurance companies, grew by 10.3 percent over last year. Year to-date growth of 3.3 percent is slightly ahead of the official forecast of 1.9 percent growth.
During December, interest income increased by 22.3 percent over last year ($14.3 million versus $11.7 million). A year-to-date decline of 8.8 percent trails the official forecast of 6.8 percent growth.
ABC taxes increased by 11.5 percent in December over last year. Year-to-date growth of 3.6 percent is ahead of the revised forecast of 2.3 percent growth.
Lottery net income increased 12.7 percent in December, primarily due to a low Pick 3 prize payout.
On a year-to-date basis, Lottery net income is up 5.9 percent, significantly ahead of the required annual growth rate of a 2.1 percent decline.
All Other Revenue
Revenue from all other sources fell in December, declining by 5.3 percent ($2.1 million) from December of last year. Most of Decembers drop was due to declines in inheritance, gift, and estate taxes (down 24.0 percent) and wills, suits, and deeds (primarily recordation taxes) which fell by 14.9 percent as the recent interest rate hikes slow housing market and refinancing activity. On a year-to-date basis, growth in all other revenue is 12.4 percent, well above the revised forecast of a 0.2 percent decline.
Economic conditions continue to be quite robust both in the Commonwealth and the nation. February will mark the 107th month of this expansion, making it the longest in United States history.
In comparing the last five years of Decembers estimated payments to this December, activity for high income individuals is markedly higher than any previous December in recent history. Therefore, Decembers receipts are skewed by the leading edge of individual estimated payments due January 18.
While preliminary indicators from November and December for the holiday shopping season are quite encouraging, Januarys receipts of sales tax collections from the holiday shopping season and receipt of individual estimated payments will provide the requisite information for assessing the general fund revenue outlook for the remainder of Fiscal Year 2000.
(.pdf 65 kb) *

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
How to Live with Your Adult Child
2 of 7
Although your child is an adult, he is still living in your house, and therefore should be expected to respect boundaries. Establish house rules before your child returns home, and make sure to enforce them. On the other hand, your child is an adult, and his boundaries of privacy should also be respected.
House rules could be related to having house guests or parties, and your stance on smoking and drinking alcohol. Just remember, although your child should be expected to abide by the rules of your house, they should be age-appropriate. For example, setting a curfew for your child might not be realistic, but expecting him to call if he isn't coming home for the night is.


International Management, MS
International Management, MS
Students in the MSIM program take a set of core courses and then choose from a variety of elective courses to customize their experiences. These electives are from different fields in the College of Management (finance, management and marketing) and, potentially, from other colleges (economics, political science, international relations, and public policy).
request info button
Each year, the College of Management runs trips abroad to business hubs such as India and China, allowing students to earn course credit while gaining valuable international management experience. The richness and diversity of the program enable students to tailor their elective coursework to their own interests. The comprehensive foundation in team management and strategy provides students with the skills in demand by their prospective employers upon graduation.
Given the overarching management perspective of the program, students from both business and non-business backgrounds will find it a valuable degree for career advancement. A balance between quantitative and qualitative courses provides students with a substantial understanding of how to manage international business.
The full MSIM program consists of 13 courses (39 credits). Students with relevant coursework may be able to waive some core business courses.
The program can be completed full-time or part-time, with classes that meet primarily in the evenings, late afternoons, weekends and online. Scheduling is highly flexible, with most classes meeting once per week.


This course has already ended.
The latest instance of the course can be found at: O1: 2023
Luet oppimateriaalin englanninkielistä versiota. Mainitsit kuitenkin taustakyselyssä osaavasi suomea. Siksi suosittelemme, että käytät suomenkielistä versiota, joka on testatumpi ja hieman laajempi ja muutenkin mukava.
Suomenkielinen materiaali kyllä esittelee englanninkielisetkin termit.
Kieli vaihtuu A+:n sivujen yläreunan painikkeesta. Tai tästä: Vaihda suomeksi.
Chapter 5.3: Objects as Functions, Classes as Objects
About This Page
Questions Answered: Are classes objects? Are objects classes? Is a function an object or is an object a function? Or maybe an object is like a package? Can I keep my head together?
Topics: apply methods. Companion objects. Some skippable bonus topics.
What Will I Do? Read, mostly.
Rough Estimate of Workload:? Just half an hour, maybe?
Points Available: B5.
Related Modules: None.
../_images/person03.png
Introduction
In this relatively short chapter, we'll continue to study just how ubiquitous objects are in Scala programs. We'll encounter a handful of topics related to this theme.
The Special Method apply
Some example code to begin with
val myVector = Vector("first", "second", "third", "fourth", "fifth")res0: Vector[String] = Vector(first, second, third, fourth, fifth)
myVector.apply(3)res1: String = fourth
myVector(3)res2: String = fourth
Consider the following questions.
 1. You can obtain an individual element with myVector(index) or with the longer expression myVector.apply(index). Why are there two different-looking but fundamentally similar ways of doing the same thing?
 2. You learned to command objects via method calls, so myVector.apply(index) looks legitimate. But isn't there something odd about the expression myVector(index)? It uses a reference to an object (from myVector) and somehow passes the value of index as a parameter to that object. The command has the appearance of a function call but seems more like an "object call", if there is such a thing. It's not possible to "run an object", is it?
The answers to these questions are intertwined. Let's start untwining.
An object "as a function"
No, you can't issue a command to "run an object" in the same sense that you can issue a command to run a function. An object has methods, though, and those methods you can invoke.
So what's going on in myVector(index)? The answer lies in how the Scala language assigns a special meaning to the name apply.
An expression where an object reference is directly followed by a parameter list is interpreted as a call to the object's apply method. For instance, myVector(index) is an abbreviated form of the actual command myVector.apply(index).
The same works for Strings: "llama".apply(3) and "llama"(3) both mean the same thing and return the character m.
In fact, this is a general rule that doesn't require vectors, strings, or any other specific type. If an object — any object — has a method named apply, then that method serves as a "default method" for that object: if you leave out the dot and the name, the object runs the default method.
Another way to think about this is that an apply method lets you use an object "as though it was a function". Bear in mind, though, that calling myObject(params) actually instructs the object to run its apply method, not to run the entire object in some more generic sense. An object is not actually a function; this is just a shorthand for a method call.
Examples of apply methods
The apply methods on different classes do different things. The example you already saw is the apply on vectors, strings, and other collections in the Scala API. The API creators have deemed it convenient that we can access an element in a collection by writing simply myCollection(index), so they've named that method apply.
You can write an apply method on any class or singleton object. As you do so, you're free to choose what parameters the method takes and how it behaves. Here's a simple example:
object myObject:
 def apply(word: String, another: String) =
 println(word + ", " + another + "!")
Now both myObject.apply("Ave", "Munde") and myObject("Ave", "Munde") call the apply method to print out a greeting.
In O1, you generally won't need to write apply methods of your own. Even so, it's good to be aware of the concept so that you know what's going on when you use vectors and strings and the like. This knowledge can also help you decipher error messages.
Suppose you have a variable x with the type Vector[String]. It stores a reference to a vector object that contains at least one element. Think about the following claims, experiment in the REPL as needed, and select all the correct ones.
Companion Objects, or "Treating a Class as an Object"
Let's turn to another subject. (apply will resurface while we discuss this new topic, though.)
An example class
Say we're creating a class Customer and intend to number the class's instances so that every instance is associated with a unique positive integer number.
The pseudocode below outlines a solution that resembles how many beginner programmers first attempt to solve this problem.
class Customer(val name: String):
 Use a stepper variable createdInstanceCount to record how many customers exist; initially 0.
 When a new customer is created, increment the stepper by one.
 val number = the stepper's value; that is, the number of instances so far
 override def toString = "#" + this.number + " " + this.name
end Customer
Here is a Scala equivalent of the pseudocode:
class Customer(val name: String):
 private var createdInstanceCount = 0
 this.createdInstanceCount += 1
 val number = this.createdInstanceCount
 override def toString = "#" + this.number + " " + this.name
end Customer
However, when we use this class, it doesn't do what we intended. Consider the code and the following animation of its execution to figure out what the problem is.
Which of the following claims about our example class are correct? Select all that apply. We intend for number and createdInstanceCount to work as discussed above.
Attributes at the class level
Since Chapter 2.3, we've been fostering the idea that a class describes the data type of a particular sort of objects. A class defines the attributes that its instances have; each object has its own copies of the instance variables defined on the class. Which is precisely why our attempt at numbering the customers failed.
Sometimes, we want to associate attributes or operations with the general concept that a class represents. That is, we want to attach a variable or a function to the class itself rather than every instance of the class separately. Our customer counter is just such a variable: although each customer instance has its own number, the total number of instances is not an attribute of any of the individual instances but the class as a whole.
We would like our customer example to work more like this:
We'd like to manipulate the class as if it, too, was an object — not one of the customer objects but an object that represents the general concept of customer and that provides the single counter variable we need.
In Scala, a class is not actually an object as such and cannot be used quite as illustrated above. What we can do instead is give the class a "friend" that is an object and enables us to implement the above algorithm.
Exposed: Intimate relationship between class and object
Here is a version of the program that works:
object Customer:
 private var createdInstanceCount = 0
end Customer
class Customer(val name: String):
 Customer.createdInstanceCount += 1
 val number = Customer.createdInstanceCount
 override def toString = "#" + this.number + " " + name
end Customer
In addition to the class Customer we define a companion object (kumppaniolio) for the class. A companion object is a singleton object that has been given precisely the same name as a class and that is defined in the same file with that class.
The companion object Customer is not an instance of the customer class like the objects you create with Customer(name) are. The companion object's type is not Customer! The companion object is a distinct object whose attributes are associated with the Customer concept in general.
The companion object Customer has the variable createdInstanceCount. Only a single copy of this variable exists in memory, since the customer object is a singleton (see animation below). This contrasts with the names and numbers of the various customer instances.


text:
la·ten·cy [ˈlātənsē] – the delay before a transfer of data begins following an instruction for its transfer. – oxford dictionary.
Modern gaming systems take into account the various inherent latencies and specifically code games within those limits to give us gamers an enjoyable experience. The systems often output at the TVs native resolution, reducing the latencies introduced by any up-conversion of the video resolution or they employ custom radio transmission protocols in their controllers to reduce the lag. The games are coded in such away to make the delays in button presses seem less noticeable. However, Latency, also known as Lag or Delay, is a bane of retro gaming on modern Audio/Visual Systems. The game consoles of old worked with CRTs, which had the latency of whatever distance the wire was from the console to the tv divided by the speed of light and the same for its wired controllers. Its true that some games introduced some delay in their processing of the data in from the controller, but overall the entire system had very little lag. With modern equipment and modern conveniences, latency is felt much more. Things can seem "sluggish."
A while back on SmokeMonster's Discord, people were trying to figure out the best way to test the latencies introduced by the new wireless controllers for their retro gaming systems. Some were using the lag test in the 240p gaming suite, or using a high-speed camera to capture when the character on screen reacted. And while there are good tests, they test the entire system, controller, game, TV while also introducing a human variability into the equation. Being an engineer by day and a retro gamer, I decided to do a quick test for those interested. We will explain the steps to setup the test so anyone with the want, some "Industry Standard Lag Testing Equipment", a.k.a. an oscilloscope, and a cheap multimeter can reproduce the setup and run the tests at home.
This article will not be an exhaustive explanation of how to test controller latency on every type of controller on every system. It is testing perhaps the simplest case possible. The methods explained here can be adjusted an expanded upon to test most cases. Sometimes additional hardware will be required due to the nature of how the original systems read controller data, but the basic principles will apply.
How does a controller work? Internally most controllers on the oldest of gaming systems were very simple electrically. They were simple switches that applied, or didn't apply voltage to a line, not to terribly different from the light switch on your wall. Luckily for me, the controllers on the Sega Genesis were designed to be compatible with those older systems. Below is a simple schematic, showing how the old controllers are wired. When the button is not pressed voltage flows from the power supply, the '1', down the wire and to the system. The system then sees a '1' at its inputs. When the button is pressed, the voltage at the system is seen as a '0'
Wireless controllers work similar. There will be a circuit line the one shown on the controller itself. When the button is not pressed, the processor in the controller sees '1' and it sees '0' when the button is pressed. The processor sees the line change state then sends the data via a radio transmitter. The receiver picks up the signal and passes the information to the processor located in the receiver. That processor will then "pull" the appropriate signal on the console to a '1' or '0', depending on the data received.
Now that the electrical lesson is out of the way, lets look at a specific example, the Sega Genesis. The controller port of the Genesis has the following signals that we are interested in. Power, +5V, is supplied by the consoles. This is the '1' in the schematic. GND is connected into the ground of the console and is the '0' in the schematic. Left is the signal going from the controller to the system. As shown in the schematic, Left will be at '1' until the button is pressed. Then it will drop to '0'. With a wired control, the signal transitions from '1' to '0' near instantly. With a wireless controller, there is data processing, transmission, more processing and finally the signal will drop.
For testing the latency, we are going to need some equipment in addition to the controller.
- A Genesis or a Genesis Analog.
- A multimeter
- An oscilloscope.
And that's it for the industry standard testing equipment. The easiest way to test is by using a stock Genesis with no game inserted. Not having a game is very important due to how the Genesis reads buttons. There is a select signal output from the genesis that remaps the signals to different buttons. If there is no game inserted, the Genesis leaves this signal at '1', and Left stays mapped to Left. The alternative is to construct a cable shown below, connecting a 5V supply and GND to the correct lines.
For our example, we will use a Genesis and connect the blue probe to it. The color of the probe doesn't matter I just like keeping it consistent with the display of the scope.
Using the spring clip on the probe, hook the middle wire on the back of the controller port. Connect the alligator clip to anywhere on the system shielding to ensure a good ground signal for the probe.
The setup for the controller is a little more involved. We need to find the Left signal and the GND on the PCB for the controller. This is where the multimeter comes into play. We will use the ohm measurement to try to find the GND signal.
In the photo, you can see the pads for each of the buttons for the D-Pad. If you look closely, you will notice that there are actually two different pads under each button. From the schematic, we know one of these is ground and one of these is the signal for the button.
The GND on every button is connected together, with this knowledge we can probe around until we find two pads that are connected together by very low resistance, say less than 30 ohms. Once we have found ground for the pad, we need to find a good point to connect the ground to our probe. The M30 has a nice spot to clip to in the bottom right-hand corner. We have a couple choices for connecting the probe to the left signal, if the controller has a very large pinned processor, you could trace the signal from the left button to the pin on the processor and hook the probe. If the pins are smaller, you could try to use a test lead to hook the pin.
Failing those options, you could remove the hook from the probe, or more extreme, expose a trace and solder a wire to the trace to hook. Since I was testing multiple controllers several times, I personally opted for using clips on the Joyzz and soldering wires on the M30s. Once we have the controller connected to the probe, we are ready to setup the oscilloscope.
I used the Rigol 1054z for the initial set of tests conducted. It is a decent scope and fairly affordable. Here are the steps to setup the test.
- Connect the probes to CH1 and CH2 on the scope and power it on.
- Press the CH1 and CH2 buttons on the face of the scope until both channels are lit.
- If you don't see any signal on the display, press the mode button in the trigger section until Auto is lit.
- For each of the channels, press the CH button and adjust the scales. I use 1V on CH1 and 2V on CH2. Plug in the receiver to the console and turn on the console and controller. You should have an output similar to this.
- Pres the Menu button under the trigger section. Set it to trigger on CH1 and adjust the trigger level to be some where around 2V. Press and hold a button. If everything is hooked up correctly, you will have a display that looks like the following.
Notice that the voltage for both signals is 0. When you release the buttons they will both rise again.
- Next press the mode button, under trigger until Normal is lit. This will cause the scope to capture an event when the trigger conditions are met. Press the Left button on the controller and the scope will capture the transition. You can play with the position dial under the Horizontal section to get the trigger to be on the left-hand side of the display and then adjust the scale until you see the transition on CH1 and on CH2 on the display at the same time. Just keep adjusting setting and pressing the button until the display looks how you want it.
- Zoom the horizontal scale to around 5ms. Depending on the measurement, it might be better at 1ms or 10, but 5ms is a good place to start.
- Next press the measure button under Menu.
- On the right-hand side of the display, press the down arrow until Setting is shown on the display and press the button next to setting. Change the Type to Delay and Source A to CH1 and Source B to CH2.
- Press the Menu button on the left-hand side of the display until it shows the Horizontal options, and then the down arrow until an option Delay. Press the button for the Negative Edge Delay. This is where the signals start high and drop low.
- This will cause a box to show up on the screen. When you cause a trigger, you will get a display like this. The value in the box is the time between CH1 dropping and CH2 dropping and is the


text:
Macadamia shells are already used as a biofuel. Australian researchers are now proposing to use the nut's extraordinary properties as a basic element in a new Microtimber, made using pioneering 3D-printing technology. Until now, this technology has been primarily used for small-scale, industrial design products.
A research team led by University of Sydney architecture and engineering experts has received funding to investigate ways to 3D-print a new gradient timber panel using forestry waste and by-products, including the discarded shells of the popular Australian bush nut.
The three-year study, partially funded by Forest and Wood Products Australia, aims to break new ground in the use of agricultural waste and 3D printing, which has the potential to revolutionise Australia's building industry. Dr Sandra Löschke, Director of Architecture, Design and Technology and co-leader of the research team, says that the innovative work lies in the micro-layering and fusing of different 3D-printed timber compositions, to provide a unique material and geometric gradient suitable for large-scale building projects. … (read more)


Flat-Out Fabulous
Just because you've had a baby doesn't mean you can't have strong, flat abs. Get rid of your post-baby pooch with the groundbreaking Tupler Technique.
Tupler Technique Basics
It's not only important to breathe correctly when you exercise, it's also crucial to learn how to properly draw in your abdominal muscles before you do any activity, such as picking up your baby. By doing so, you use the transversus abdominis ("the transverse"), the innermost muscle that wraps around your abdomen and back like a corset. Strengthening the transverse protects your back and gives your belly a flatter appearance. The basis of the Tupler Technique is isolating the transverse. Here's how:
The action of the transverse is front to back. Imagine your transverse is a sideways elevator with six floors. Take a deep breath through your nose as you expand you belly and fill your lungs. Exhale through your mouth and empty your lungs as you bring your transverse muscle back toward your spine to the "sixth floor." Hold this position before you do any exercise moves and/or activities such as lifting.
Feb/March 2005


text:
Truck drivers travel hundreds of kilometres daily, and a robust and consistent maintenance checklist can be the difference between a functional fleet and one that leaves you stranded, costing you money, affecting productivity, reputation, and your bottom line.1
"As a rule, always check commercial batteries during routine maintenance," said Murray Long, Managing Director of South Africa's innovative energy solutions provider, First National Battery. "If there's any physical damage to the battery, it should be tested and replaced by a fitment specialist and sent for recycling." Murray went on to explain that batteries contain harmful elements that can cause injury if not handled correctly.
Why commercial batteries fail
Batteries can fail for several reasons, and when they do, it's bad for business operations and a safety issue. These reasons can include,
Four tips to extend your commercial battery life and keep your fleet powered up
1. Check your battery voltage during routine maintenance to ensure it does not fall below 12.4V.
2. Clean all dirt from the battery surface as this can lead to tracking to earth.
3. Check to see that connections from the vehicle alternator to the battery terminals are tight and free of corrosion and dirt.
4. Improve the operating temperature of the battery. This can be by shielding against the source of heat or by improving the ventilation of cool air around the battery.
What's more, South Africa has extreme operating temperatures that's pushed some Original Equipment Manufacturers ((OEMs) to move the battery at increased manufacturing cost from the engine bay to inside the vehicle cabin or boot just to ensure more stable operating temperatures. Also, these OEMs have battery management systems incorporated into the vehicle electronics to ensure proper charging and voltage control.
Managing a fleet of trucks has many challenges and maintaining the vehicles' batteries is one small task that can have a big impact on your drivers' jobs and safety. Many local logistics companies use a range of locally manufactured commercial batteries that are reliable, have a long life, and have improved performance and safety to keep their fleet on the road. These batteries also pass the SANS 60095-1 Class B vibration test, which means they can withstand rugged terrain and poor road conditions, which long-distance haulers often face.
Register or Login to Comment
Registration also gives you access to both Positive Impact & Green Economy Journal Digital Magazines and Newsletters


text:
Masturbasi cause blindness
Myth says masturbasi can cause blindness, male impotence or psychosis. Meanwhile, the woman could have been a lost virginity, not fertile, and not forceful weak. While not entirely correct. In fact masturbasi is a universal activity and has been done since the era of human first. But many do not confess.
Masturbasi according to experts seksologi also reasonably be women. Especially since the emergence of phenomena that make women's freedom over respect body. In principle, do indeed masturbasi can cause feelings of guilt and is seen as weakness.
But on the other hand research shows that they bermasturbasi four times a day for several years will not be suffering from the disease pun.Bahkan what many married men and women also do so. Not because they were not satisfied with the party, but occasionally want fun with the self masturbasi.
However the experts do not recommend very often. All that would be less abundant good. There is no reason to feel guilty doing masturbasi, although already married.
Research has proven that they are often bermasturbasi will have sex more often and the spouse. Often the men and women to feel pleasure as orgasme release stress or just because it does not want to inflame but to the whole process of sex.
Experts think masturbasi is also learn how to create a body including sex couples together so well. Men can use as a way masturbasi control orgasme. Meanwhile, women can learn how easy orgasme. However, opinion is not necessary when masturbasi already perfect in sex is mistaken. In fact, many couples masturbasi together and enjoy.
When Si Small Bermasturbasi
Children, sometimes even five practices have held kelaminnya tool. This phase, known as genital phase. There are two causes of why children often hold kelaminnya tool. Can itch or the lack of hygiene are delicious taste of the tool kelaminnya.
When you left, will take a long time so habit. Some suggestions that parents can do include:
1. Check with the soft. With the parents ask why can mengedukasi what the child is not good.
2. Cuddle and give attention. When the children get enough attention and intimate interaction with their parents, it will be practical teralihkan of the habit. Love of parents is more effective in children than menasehati emphatic way.
3. Ajak play. Divert attention with a toy the child is a rare delight effective. Of course parents should assist so that it does not repeat kebiasaannya.
Avoid errors when some warn that the small holding kelaminnya like:
1. Mempermalukan children. Memarahinya or ridicule in front of other people so that children would be ashamed to do will not make a child stop kebiasaannya. In fact, we can build a false perception on the matter of child sex.
2. Refuse hands of children. No verbal explanation or just turn your hands so that children do not hold kelaminnya tool will not make them understand the location of the error.
3. Bristle with high emotion. When a small tool like holding kelaminnya, most oangtua ashamed and want to show superioritasnya with memarahinya. This would make communication patterns of parents and children become damaged and is not likely the child will bermasturbasi secretly.
Minggu, 25 Januari 2009
Masturbasi cause blindness


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am currently trying to understand the paper by Krioukov et. al. on hyperbolic networks, but since I do not have a background in hyperbolic geometry (or, in that sense, in geometry at all) I struggle to understand some points they are making.
For instance, they aim to compute the distance $x$ between two points $(r, \theta)$ and $(r', \theta')$ in the hyperbolic plane by using the hyperbolic law of cosines:
\begin{equation} \mathsf{cosh}(kx) = \mathsf{cosh}(kr) \mathsf{cosh}(kr') - \mathsf{sinh}(kr)\mathsf{sinh}(kr')\mathsf{cos}(\Delta\theta) \end{equation}
Here, $K=-k^2<0$ refers to the curvature, and $\Delta \theta = \pi - |\pi - |\theta - \theta'||$. I can intuitively follow this equation since it is similar to the regular law of cosines in the euclidean plane. However, in the next step they approximate it by assuming that $kr, kr'$ is large, and $\Delta \theta > 2 \sqrt{e^{-2kr}+e^{-2kr'}}$ as follows: \begin{equation} x = r + r' + \frac{2}{k} \ln \sin \frac{\Delta\theta}{2} \approx r + r' + \frac{2}{k} \ln \frac{\Delta\theta}{2}. \end{equation}
I am completely lost there, especially their assumption on $\Delta \theta$. Why does it make sense and how does it help simplify the fomula?
share|improve this question
add comment
1 Answer
up vote 3 down vote accepted
The derivation is a little long, and I admit to being mystified by their assumption on $\Delta \theta$ - it merely needs to be that $\Delta \theta$ is small compared to something $O(1)$. But anyway...write
$$\cosh{k x} = \cosh{k r} \cosh{k r'} (1-\tanh{k r} \tanh{k r'} \cos{\Delta \theta})$$
and note that $\lim_{t \rightarrow \infty} \tanh{t} = 1$. We can then write
$$\cosh{k x} \approx 2 \cosh{k r} \cosh{k r'} \sin^2{\left ( \frac{\Delta \theta}{2} \right )}$$
Use the definition of cosh and that $k r$ and $k r'$ are both large to derive the following equation:
$$\exp{(2 k x)} - \exp{(k (r + r'))} \sin^2{\left ( \frac{\Delta \theta}{2} \right )} \exp{(k x)} + 1 \approx 0 $$
This gives
$$ \exp{(k x)} \approx \exp{(k (r + r'))} \sin^2{\left ( \frac{\Delta \theta}{2} \right )} \frac{1}{2} \left [ 1 \pm \sqrt{1- 4 \exp{(-k (r + r'))} \csc^2{\left ( \frac{\Delta \theta}{2} \right )}} \right ] $$
The sqrt term on the right is very small. Assume the +ve solution, so the term in brackets is about 2. Take logs of both sides and get
$$x \approx r + r' + \frac{2}{k} \log{\sin{\left ( \frac{\Delta \theta}{2} \right )}} $$
I hope this helps.
share|improve this answer
In fact, now that I look at it, I think the stated restriction on $\Delta \theta$ is there to keep that factor in the sqrt small. – Ron Gordon Jan 4 '13 at 16:15
Indeed it does. How on earth did you see that? Anyway, if I am not mistaken there are 2 minor mistakes that cancel each other out: First, in your 3rd equation, the 2 should disappear, since you have 2 cosh on the right side, which both multiply a factor 1/2 when converting to exponentials. Second, I think you forgot to square the right term under the squareroot. If one corrects those steps, the $\log 2/k$ summand disappears as well. – HdM Jan 4 '13 at 16:46
I believe you are right! Thanks - what teamwork! – Ron Gordon Jan 4 '13 at 16:50
add comment
Your Answer


text:
: not able to be trusted : causing feelings of doubt or suspicion
: a person who is believed to be possibly guilty of committing a crime
: a thing that is thought of as a possible cause of something bad
: to think that (someone) is possibly guilty of a crime or of doing something wrong
: to think that (something) is possibly the cause of something bad
: to think that (a crime) has possibly been committed
What made you want to look up suspect? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).


text:
UW Sees Decrease In Waste Through Solar-Powered Compost
Only weeks after the new solar-powered recycling, composting, and waste kiosks were stationed in Red Square, there has been a 50 percent drop in the amount of garbage collected each week.
On top of the kiosks are solar panels that collect ambient daylight to charge a battery inside the bin, so the kiosks work 24 hours a day. The BigBelly, the middle kiosk that compacts waste, is anchored on each side by two SmartBellys, which collect information about the containers and send it to a management console. Richard Kennelly, vice president of marketing for BigBelly Solar, the company that created the solar-powered kiosks, said the UW is now the first location in the United States to implement solar-powered composting kiosks with smart technology.
While the old trash cans replaced by BigBelly cost just less than $2,000, the new kiosks, which come as a set of three components for each of the three waste streams, cost approximately $8,000. Emily Newcomer, operations manager of UW Recycling and Solid Waste, said the extra costs of the kiosks are offset by their increased efficiency and avoided disposal costs.
"The technology allows us to know when and where to service the containers," Newcomer said. "Plus, since we are capturing all three waste types, our disposal costs are going down as more material is being diverted from the landfill."
Recycling and Solid Waste members saw the need for more efficient waste disposal after their annual trash-in event last year, when students sort trash, which revealed 61 percent of materials in the garbage were compostable.


text: This article investigates the source and impact of artifacts produced by ordered linear interpolation techniques on variationally retrieved updraft intensities. Qualitative reasoning for the generation of periodic perturbations in gridded products is presented, and a simple analytical investigation into the impact of gridding artifacts on updraft retrieval is carried out. By projecting a nonconvergent flow typical of Darwin, Australia, onto the viewing geometry of a scanning radar, a numerical assessment of the impact of gridding artifacts is carried out. A simple enhancement to ordered linear interpolation, mixed-order linear interpolation, is proposed to reduce gridding artifacts. Radial velocity grids produced using both techniques are used to investigate the generation of spurious updrafts, with the simple ordered linear interpolation technique producing erroneous updrafts on the order of 2 m s-1. To investigate the impact on vertical velocities retrieved from a real weather event, radar-derived measurements taken during the active monsoon phase of Tropical Warm Pool International Cloud Experiment are gridded using both techniques, and vertical velocities are retrieved and contrasted.


text:
Area of a Sector Worksheets
Our free, printable finding the area of a sector worksheets usher in renewed knowledge and repeated practice of the topic. The problems involved in these pdfs include calculating the sector's area using the radius and the central angle, finding the area of the sector from the arc length, and working out the unknown parameters of the sectors. Instruct students to refer to the answer key when they get stuck and let their doubts at once make way for fresh insights. These printable tools are available in both customary and metric units.
Our area of sectors worksheets are suitable for high school students.
Jog your memory and recall that the area of a sector is (θ/360) x πr². All it takes to find the area of the shaded region is to substitute the given measures.
To find the sector's area from arc length in these area of a sector worksheets pdf, use the relevant formula. Plug in the known values and calculate the area of sectors.
High school kids calculate the missing measures of the sectors in these printable area of sectors worksheets. Cheer on as they work out the values for r, θ, or sector's area using the given values.


Gift cards
There are three gift cards in different price classes and with different levels of excitement.
111.- The first and most advantageous is mormyshka fishing or summer angling. The duration of the fishing day is 6 hours. Under the guidance of the fish guide, smaller target species, such as: roach, ruff, bleak, perch, bream are caught on ice in winter or by angling (with a simple hand line) from the shore of the water body in summer. By applying these fishing methods, the primary success experience can be ensured, especially for children, but they have always provided excitement for adults as well. A particularly meditative activity is spring migratory roach fishing, because then it is possible to catch larger quantities of fish for drying. Number of participants up to 2.
222.- The second gift card includes winter tipup fishing on some larger lakes. Trapping is a way to catch some particularly big predator. The fishing takes place where the fish is currently biting. The best area for these occasions is Vooremaa, where there are several small lakes rich in fish. During free water, you can take a motorboat on Kuremaa and Saadjärv, Võrtsjärv and, of course the Suur-Emajõgi, Pede River and their old rivers in the Alam-Pedja nature reserve area. Duration of the fishing day is 8 hours. Number of participants up to 2.
333.- The third gift card is for occasions if you want to make a special impression on the recipient. In these cases, the motorboat undertakes longer sea voyages to catch sea trout, pike or garfish. The fishing areas are the entire west coast with its archipelago, as well as the archipelagos of Northern Estonia. There are pantries in our seas, where dozens of pike can be pulled into the boat in one hour, and it is not uncommon to see water surface boiling of the garfish while they are spawning The boat also gives access to the most adrenaline-laden flocks of sea trout. Such fishing trips are always remembered and it is not uncommon for them to become traditions. The duration of the fishing day is 8-10 hours. Number of participants up to 2.
The fourth gift card is intended, for example, for those occasions when you want to celebrate your friend's birthday with a fishing trip on the water or ice. In this case, we will arrange fishing, water transport, catering and if desired, a sauna and accommodation. There are no limits to the number of people and we are also flexible in terms of price. For example, we have organized a fishing trip to Pedassaare, which includes a boat trip to the island, sea trout fishing by wading from the shore and hiking around the island, a fish valuation workshop, making a campfire and eating the catch together. The nature of Pedassaare is unique and non-fishermen can come along as well. Everyone will find the soul there, because the island is rich in mushrooms and berries, and there is a variety of beach types, birds and plant species.
Mark here which card you want


text:
RICOH's Image Enhancement technology expresses the beauty of the property or facility
Increase the resolution of images while preserving the details
Correct the brightness of dark images while maintaining the highlight details
Intelligently removes image noise delivering incredible quality
RICOH's original image processing technology delivers stunning automatic enhancement
A 360 ° camera has the advantage of capturing the entire scene and allows the user to see wherever they like but when the image is enlarged its resolution decreases comapred to a regular digital camera
With the advancements in image processing technologies of digital cameras that RICOH has been producing for many years and letting AI learn a dataset that pairs 360-degree images from RICOH THETA with high-quality images from RICOH GR digital camera, we have developed an intelligent image processing technology that greatly enhances the quality of an image
This technology was presented by Ricoh Group researchers at the OmniCV (* 2) workshop at CVPR2020 (* 1), a major international conference on computer vision, held on June 15, 2020. We announced the result of our activities on super-resolution technology for 360° images using AI.
* 1: The Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. A prestigious computer vision and pattern recognition conference regarded as one of the most influential in its field convenes thousands from the Global AI, Machine Learning and Computer Vision Community.
* 2: Explanation of Omnidirectional Computer Vision in Research and Industry


text:
In earlier progress reports dealing with the development of triaxial acceleration analysis as applied to the evaluation of pavement riding qualities, of which this report is a continuation, riding comfort or discomfort was emphasized. The accelerations monitored then were evaluated in terms of g's per sec., or "jerk" which is considered by some authorities to be a more significant index of comfort. The earlier methods of analysis have been reviewed, and acceleration is considered here to be the most practical parameter to use as a measure of pavement roughness. Most of the equipment and instrumentation has been retained, and the recording of triaxial accelerations has been continued. However, only accelerations in the vertical direction are considered in the present method of analysis.
In the summer of 1957, some 265 miles of bituminous concrete pavements were recorded and analyzed as part of a study on flexible pavement design. Since then, some 1000 additional miles of bituminous and portland cement concrete pavements have been tested. These include some older pavements, newly constructed pavements, and Inter-state sections thus far completed. Some of the roads have been re-tested periodically. These roads represent a cross section of Kentucky pavements and give an indication of the status of pavement roughness from the standpoint of workmanship on new pavements, rate of deterioration, and the effects of re-surfacing.
Digital Object Identifier
Rizenbergs, Rolands L., "Analysis of Pavement Roughness" (1961). Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report. 1224.


How do I show a bill of material in Solidworks?
You can specify properties for Bills of Materials. To open the Bill of Materials PropertyManager, do one of the following: Click Bill of Materials on the Table toolbar, or with a document open, click Insert > Tables > Bill of Materials.
How do I show BOM in Solidworks?
With the part or assembly open, select Insert > Tables > Bill of Materials. Set the BOM properties in the Bill of Materials PropertyManager and click . To create a parts-only BOM, select Parts only for BOM Type. To create a top-level BOM, select Top-level only for BOM Type.
How do you insert a bill of materials in Solidworks?
To insert a Bill of Materials into a drawing:
 1. Click Bill of Materials (Table toolbar), or Insert > Tables > Bill of Materials.
 2. Select a drawing view to specify the model.
 3. Set the properties in the Bill of Materials PropertyManager, then click OK .
How do you display a bill of materials?
What to include in an effective bill of materials
 1. BOM Level—Assign each part or assembly a number to detail where it fits in the hierarchy of the BOM. …
 2. Part Number—Assign a part number to each part or assembly in order to reference and identify parts quickly. …
 3. Part Name—Record the unique name of each part or assembly.
IT IS INTERESTING: How do I change ANSI to UniCode in Notepad?
How do you display materials in Solidworks?
Applying a Material
 1. Display the shortcut menu for materials: Part. In a part document, right-click Material in the FeatureManager design tree. Multibody part. …
 2. Select a material: Select from the favorites list. Click Edit Material, select a material in the material tree, and click Apply, then Close.
What is Bill of Materials solidworks?
You can create one or more Bills of Materials (BOMs) directly from an assembly or part without first creating a drawing. Use parts only BOMs when the assembly consists of only part components, or to display only parts. The resulting parts are ordered according to their listing in the FeatureManager design tree.
How do you add material to a bill of materials?
Applies to Excel-based Bills of Materials. You can add more information such as Material, Vendor_Number, Cost, and so on to the open part or subassembly document by clicking File > Properties and selecting the Custom tab or the Configurations specific tab.
How do I edit a bill of materials in Solidworks?
Bill of Materials – Edit Text
 1. Double-click the BOM, or right-click the BOM and select Edit. While the bill of materials is active, it is displayed with row and column headers. …
 2. Edit the worksheet as needed, using Excel functions. You can perform these kinds of edits: …
 3. Click outside the worksheet to return to the drawing.
What is BOM structure?
A bill of materials or product structure (sometimes bill of material, BOM or associated list) is a list of the raw materials, sub-assemblies, intermediate assemblies, sub-components, parts, and the quantities of each needed to manufacture an end product.
IT IS INTERESTING: You asked: How do I create a georeference in AutoCAD?
How do you specify materials in Solidworks?
To assign/modify a material to a part:
 1. Click Choose Material (Material tab of the SimulationXpress wizard).
 2. In the Material dialog box, expand the class of materials and select a material.
 3. Click Apply.
 4. Click Close. The material appears in the SimulationXpress wizard and a check mark appears next to Material. …
 5. Click Next.
How do you specify materials in Solidworks assembly?
To apply a material:
 1. Display the shortcut menu for materials: Part. In a part document, right-click Material in the FeatureManager design tree. Multibody part. …
 2. Select a material: Select from the favorites list. Click Edit Material, select a material in the material tree, and click Apply, then Close.
How do I set materials in Solidworks?
Configure Material
 1. In the FeatureManager design tree, right-click Material and click Configure Material . The Modify Configurations dialog box appears. …
 2. To specify a material for a configuration, click in the Material column, and then do one of the following: Select a material from the list.


AWK: String functions
Awk is a powerful text processing tool that is commonly used for manipulating and analyzing data in Unix and Linux environments. One of the key features of awk is its ability to manipulate strings using a wide variety of built-in functions.
In this article, we will explore some of the most commonly used string manipulations functions in awk.
 - length(string): Returns the length of the specified string.
 - substr(string, start, length): Returns a substring of the specified string, starting at the specified position and with the specified length.
 - index(string, substring): Returns the position of the first occurrence of the specified substring in the specified string.
 - split(string, array, separator): Splits the specified string into an array of substrings, using the specified separator to determine where to split the string.
 - sub(regexp, replacement, string): This replaces the first occurring regular expression match from the string with "replacement".
 - gsub(regexp, replacement, string): Replaces all occurrences of the specified regular expression in the specified string with the specified replacement string.
 - match(string, regexp): Searches the specified string for the first occurrence of the specified regular expression, and returns the position of the match and the length of the matched substring in an array.
 - tolower(string) and toupper(string): Converts all uppercase or lowercase characters in the specified string to lowercase or uppercase characters, respectively.
Let's understand all the string functions one by one including the example:
1. length(string)
The length(string) function returns the length of the specified string. For example, if we want to find the length of the string "Hello, World!", we can use the following code:
awk 'BEGIN{print length("Hello, World!")}'
This will output "13", since the string "Hello, World!" has 13 characters.
2. substr(string, start, length)
The substr(string, start, length) function returns a substring of the specified string, starting at the specified position and with the specified length. For example, if we want to extract the first 5 characters of the string "Hello, World!", we can use the following code:
awk 'BEGIN{print substr("Hello, World!", 1, 5)}'
This will output "Hello", since the first 5 characters of the string are "Hello".
3. index(string, substring)
The index(string, substring) function returns the position of the first occurrence of the specified substring in the specified string. For example, if we want to find the position of the substring "World" in the string "Hello, World!", we can use the following code:
awk 'BEGIN{print index("Hello, World!", "World")}'
This will output "8", since the substring "World" starts at the 8th position in the string.
4. split(string, array, separator)
The split(string, array, separator) function splits the specified string into an array of substrings, using the specified separator to determine where to split the string. For example, if we want to split the string "apple,banana,orange" into an array of substrings using the comma as the separator, we can use the following code:
awk 'BEGIN{split("apple,banana,orange", a, ","); for(i in a) print a[i]}'
This will output:
Output
apple banana orange
5. sub(regexp, replacement, string)
The sub(regexp, replacement, string) function replaces the first occurrence of the specified regular expression in the specified string with the specified replacement string. For example, if we want to replace only the first occurrences of the letter "o" in the string "Hello, World!" with the letter "a", we can use the following code:
awk 'BEGIN{sub("o", "a", "Hello, World!"); print}'
This will output "Hella, World!", since only the first occurrence of the letter "o" have been replaced with the letter "a".
6. gsub(regexp, replacement, string)
The gsub(regexp, replacement, string) function replaces all occurrences of the specified regular expression in the specified string with the specified replacement string. For example, if we want to replace all occurrences of the letter "o" in the string "Hello, World!" with the letter "a", we can use the following code:
awk 'BEGIN{gsub("o", "a", "Hello, World!"); print}'
This will output "Hella, Warld!", since all occurrences of the letter "o" have been replaced with the letter "a".
7. match(string, regexp)
The match(string, regexp) function searches the specified string for the first occurrence of the specified regular expression, and returns the position of the match and the length of the matched substring in an array. For example, if we want to find the position and length of the first occurrence of the word "World" in the string "Hello, World!", we can use the following code:
awk 'BEGIN{match("Hello, World!", /World/); print RSTART, RLENGTH}'
This will output "8 5", since the word "World" starts at the 8th position in the string and has a length of 5 characters.
8. tolower(string) and toupper(string)
The tolower(string) function converts all uppercase characters in the specified string to lowercase characters, while the toupper(string) function converts all lowercase characters in the specified string to uppercase characters. For example, if we want to convert the string "Hello, World!" to all lowercase letters, we can use the following code:
awk 'BEGIN{print tolower("Hello, World!")}'
This will output "hello, world!".
Similarly, if we want to convert the same string to all uppercase letters, we can use the following code:
awk 'BEGIN{print toupper("Hello, World!")}'
This will output "HELLO, WORLD!".
Conclusion
In this article, we have explored some of the most commonly used string manipulations functions in awk. These functions allow us to perform a wide variety of tasks, such as finding the length of a string, extracting substrings, searching for patterns, splitting strings into arrays, and converting text to different cases. By mastering these functions, we can become more proficient at working with text data in Unix and Linux environments and increase our productivity as data analysts and programmers.
The post AWK: String functions appeared first on TecAdmin.
Linux Tutorials TecAdmin


text:
Yes, you can measure RPM with a multimeter.
There are different methods to measure RPM, including frequency measurement and period measurement.
One way to measure RPM with a multimeter is by using the frequency measurement method.
To do this, set up the multimeter's dial to the hertz (Hz) value and connect the black test lead jack to the black ignition coil.
Take the reading value after turning the engine for one minute.
Multiply the value by 60 seconds to get the engine's RPM. Another way to measure RPM with a multimeter is using an inductive pickup.
For example, you can use Trisco DA 830 and plug the inductive pickup into the multimeter.
Plug the black lead into the COM jack and the red lead into the RPM INDUCTIVE jack.
Turn the measurement mode switch to the RPM position.
It's important to note that using a multimeter to measure RPM may not be as accurate as using a tachometer specifically designed for this purpose.
However, a multimeter can still provide a rough estimate of the RPM and help diagnose issues with the engine.
What Are The Different Methods Of Measuring RPM With A Multimeter?
To measure RPM with a multimeter, a few methods can be used.
One method is to set up the multimeter's dial to the hertz (Hz) value and connect the black test lead to the ground and the red test lead to the signal wire.
The Hz reading can then be converted to RPM using a conversion formula.
Another method involves using a multimeter to measure the frequency of the engine-generated signal and then converting the frequency to RPM using a conversion formula.
For example, if using a multimeter to measure RPMs on a 4-stroke engine (without 'wasted-spark'), the reading must be multiplied by 120, 60 seconds per minute.
If the multimeter has an HZ or FREQ function, it may be possible to calculate engine RPMs with the right amount of fussing and experimentation.
It's important to note that these methods may not be as accurate as a dedicated tachometer and may require some calibration or adjustment to get accurate readings.
Additionally, it's worth mentioning that there are other methods for measuring RPM, such as using a handheld tachometer or the tachometer built into the vehicle.
Can You Explain How To Use The Frequency Measurement Method To Measure RPM With A Multimeter?
Here are the steps to measure RPM using a multimeter:
- Set the multimeter to the "Hz" setting, which measures frequency.
- Connect the black test lead to the COM jack on the multimeter.
- Connect the red test lead to the signal source, usually the ignition coil or spark plug wire.
- Start the engine and let it run at a constant speed for at least one minute.
- Read the frequency measurement in the display of the multimeter.
The abbreviation "Hz" should appear to the right of the reading.
- To convert the frequency value into RPM, multiply the frequency by 60 (since there are 60 seconds in a minute) and divide by the number of pulses per revolution.
Note: The number of pulses per revolution depends on the type of engine and the number of cylinders.
For example, a 4-cylinder engine has 2 pulses per revolution (one for each spark plug), while a 6-cylinder engine has 3 pulses per revolution.
Could You Provide More Details On Using An Inductive Pickup With A Multimeter To Measure RPM?
To measure RPM using an inductive pickup with a multimeter, follow these steps:
- Purchase an inductive pickup lead designed for adjustment and diagnosis of RPM.
- Set your multimeter to the "HZ" setting so that it can measure frequency.
- Connect the inductive pickup lead to your multimeter.
- Place the inductive pickup lead around the spark plug wire of the engine you want to measure the RPM of.
- Start the engine and let it run for a minute.
- The multimeter should now display the RPM of the engine.
Some multimeters, such as the Fluke 88V, come with an inductive RPM pickup and can measure RPM in either the DC or AC volts function.
Maintenance meters are available that can read RPM and calculate hours off detection of the electrical emissions from the spark plug wire.
What Are The Limitations Of Using A Multimeter To Measure RPM Compared To A Tachometer?
Using a multimeter to measure RPM has some limitations compared to using a tachometer.
Here are some points:
Limitations of using a multimeter to measure RPM:
- A multimeter can only measure electrical properties, such as voltage, resistance, and current.
To measure RPM, a multimeter must be able to measure frequency, which is not a standard feature on all multimeters.
- A multimeter may load the circuit under test to some extent, which can affect the accuracy of the measurement.
- When using a multimeter to measure RPM on a 4-stroke engine (without 'wasted-spark'), the reading must be multiplied by 120 to get the correct RPM.
- Some limitations regarding digital multimeters for automotive diagnostics include additional pick-up to measure engine RPM and extreme accuracy is not required for most routine testing.
Advantages of using a tachometer:
- A tachometer is specifically designed to measure RPM and is, therefore more accurate than a multimeter.
- A tachometer can measure RPM on a wider range of engines, including 2-stroke engines and engines with wasted-spark ignition systems.
- A tachometer does not load the circuit under test, which means it does not affect the accuracy of the measurement.
Are Any Other Tools Or Devices More Accurate Than A Multimeter For Measuring RPM?
Yes, some other tools or devices are more accurate than a multimeter for measuring RPM.
Here are some examples:
- Tachometer: A tachometer is a device that measures the rotation speed of a shaft or disk and is designed to measure the revolutions per minute (RPM) of a moving object.
Handheld digital tachometers offer precise rotational speed measurements in various models.
Cheaper models may give you more accurate readings than an average tachometer.
- Digital laser tachometer: A digital laser tachometer is a non-contact electronic tachometer that can measure RPM accurately to +/- 0.02 percent.
- Strobe tachometer: A strobe tachometer is a device that uses a flashing light to measure the RPM of a rotating object.
When choosing a tachometer, consider the following factors: the type of object you wish to measure, whether you need a contact or non-contact device, and the measuring range and accuracy required.
My name is Robert Phillipson, and I am an Electrical Engineer with 20 years of experience in the field. My fascination with multimeters began early on during my career as I was captivated by their precision and accuracy. Over the years, I have gained a deep understanding of how they work, enabling me to use them effectively for measurement applications like testing circuit boards and other components.


Parallel efficient mesh motion using radial basis functions with application to multi-bladed rotors
Research output: Contribution to journalArticle (Academic Journal)peer-review
76 Citations (Scopus)
Abstract
Radial basis functions are used to provide a solution to the problem of mesh motion for unsteady aerodynamic simulation. The method is independent of connectivity and produces high-quality meshes, but is expensive for large meshes in its full form. Hence, the efficiency of the technique has been greatly improved here by reducing the number of surface points used to define deformations of the surface, and the minor error in position that this implies at other surface points is corrected with a simple decaying perturbation, thus splitting the method into a primary basis function method and a secondary local correction method. This means that the exact surface is retained, but the mesh motion is significantly faster, while splitting the motion into two stages allows both the methods to work on appropriate problems given their relative strengths. An example deformation for a 5×106 cell helicopter rotor mesh with an exaggerated cyclic pitch motion shows excellent mesh quality, thus validating a scheme that is also simple, robust and readily parallelized.
Translated title of the contributionParallel efficient mesh motion using radial basis functions with application to multi-bladed rotors
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)89 - 105
Number of pages17
JournalInternational Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering
Volume81
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jul 2010
Bibliographical note
Publisher: Wiley
Other: In press
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Parallel efficient mesh motion using radial basis functions with application to multi-bladed rotors'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this


text:
The Centre for Integrated Health Programs (CIHP) is working to be able to successfully respond to the changing landscape in the healthcare sector and donor environment in order to achieve greater impact, through the strengthening of the organization. To accomplish this, the Academy for Health Development (AHEAD) was invited to facilitate a Site sustainability and Close-Out Strategic meeting for her staff. The goal of the meeting was to build competencies of her senior-level managers in the Lagos and Nasarrawa branches of the organization.
As there is a difference between leadership and management, the meeting served to expose the managers to the different skills required for each, the convergence of both and how to deploy significant and effective leading and managing strategies in organizational practice in order to be better equipped healthcare professionals.
The objectives of the meeting as set by CIHP were to:
- improve the knowledge of senior level managers on key leadership and management issues,
- facilitate the ascension of new managers to management,
- assist CIHP Managers to be well-rounded executives, and
- develop the skills of managers in the areas of managing people, organizing teams, supervising and delegating.
The themes explored at the meeting include 'Leadership-Management soft skills', 'Leadership Management hard skills', and 'Leadership dynamics for effective growth and change management'. PowerPoint Presentations, case-studies on real life scenarios, role plays and team-building activities were some of the tools employed by the seasoned health leadership and programme management specialists from AHEAD to further explain and dissect these themes.
While participants were able to fill out an evaluation form on the last day, daily evaluations were taken and reported and on the last day, a session was allotted to discussing feedback.
The 34 members of staff from both locations who participated in the training were very satisfied with its outcome based on their assessments, and suggested topics like 'Team Dynamics', 'Performance Appraisal' and Financial Management amongst others be included in subsequent trainings.


Can Dogs Survive in the Wild on Their Own (Better Off)?
can dogs survive in the wild
When my wife and I travel abroad, and in particular to places in the south Mediterranean, we are always shocked by the number of stray dogs we see. If I think of my own dog, I can't imagine him being able to survive in the wild… but these foreign dogs survive on their own – or at least it appears they do.
Those dogs probably get a lot of help from tourists with snacks from the restaurant tables so might not be an accurate representation of whether dogs can survive in the wild… so what is the truth? Can dogs survive on their own and live in the wild and be better off?
Can dogs survive in the wild? Some dogs can survive on their own in the wild, and even thrive and be better off in the wild. However, this won't always be the case. Survival in the wild will depend on the dog's size, condition, sociability and prey drive.
That's a broad answer, so please continue for an overview of documented examples of dogs living in the wild, and what factors go into making it a success.
Can dogs survive on their own in the wild and be better off?
When you think about it, there are some very well-documented canine communities that have either escaped from or been abandoned by humans. The most notable is the so-called 'Dogs of Chernobyl'. Their owners were not permitted to take their pets when they were forced to flee after the nuclear explosion in 1986.
Despite attempts to euthanize the dogs, several of these dogs survived in the wild woods of the exclusion zone, even during the harsh Ukrainian winters. Although it is many canine generations later, the dogs still suffer the effects of the radioactive fallout and have a limited lifespan.
There are currently efforts to shelter, feed and sterilize those that live near human settlements, such as the guard huts.
Other examples of dogs that survive in the wild are Australian cattle dogs and Pyrenean mountain dogs. They will routinely spend months alone, protecting livestock in areas that are not conducive to human survival.
If you are planning to live with your dog in the wild, attributes such as loyalty, watchfulness and a protective instinct come into play. Strength and endurance are important if you plan to harness the dogs for chores such as transport.
Dogs that have been inbred for highly specialized purposes, for example, 'looking good on Instagram', may not make it, on their own, past lunch on day 2.
Survival hierarchy of needs for dogs living in the wild
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, basic requirements for human survival include food, water and shelter. Thereafter, we need security and a social structure.
If we extrapolate this model for canine survival, we can reasonably dispense with ego and self-actualisation needs. An exception may be made for that quadruped piranha, otherwise known as a Chihuahua.
Can dogs survive on their own
For a dog to survive in the wild, he will have to know how to hunt and find water.
The first need would be for water. Dogs are not as fussy as humans when it comes to drinking water so they will probably pass this hurdle. They may have digestive issues for a while but they will soon adapt.
Secondly, they will need food. For most dogs not living in the wild, this would be at 8 am and 4 pm every day. However, left to their own devices they will snack on anything, in between times.
Dogs are fortunate in that they are omnivores and their digestive systems will cope with eating proteins, fat, bones and starches. Many dogs do not even care how old their food is.
When dogs live in the wild, they will no doubt need to develop hunting skills in order to survive in the long run. Individual small dogs like terriers and Beagles need less food and will be able to follow small mammals into their burrows. They could also be agile enough to catch birds.
Hunting dogs, such as pointers, setters and beagles have an elevated prey drive and are relentless in tracking down small mammals and birds. Retrievers, Spaniels and Newfoundlands would have an advantage in the wetlands, and might even be successful at catching fish.
The social structure becomes important for slower, larger breeds, such as rottweilers and mastiffs as they will need to hunt in packs.
Canine species in the wild, such as jackals and wild dogs, do eat carrion, but they invariably need to compete with other animals to secure sufficient quantities. Individual dogs would not be able to live in the wild and survive as successfully as they won't can't compete as effectively.
Shelter is a concern for most domesticated dogs. However, in the wild, dogs who live outside will grow and shed hair in accordance with the changes in temperature. In extreme hot or cold climates, respectively, the Mexican Hairless and the Malamute would have an advantage.
In most other climates, even short-haired breeds will survive, with the help of their friends.
Although there is a dominance hierarchy and 'survival of the fittest' that comes into play, within the pack, the collective will take care of its members. For example, nursing mothers will be protected, and the very young fed by older siblings.
Research has shown that rather than breeding indiscriminately, the way street dogs do, packs of wild dogs have fewer offspring. Among African wild dogs, the most efficient hunting mammals on that continent, it is usually the alpha male and female that mate, thereby preserving the dominant genes most likely to lead to the survival of the pack.
Even domesticated dogs have a highly developed sense of smell and this will serve them well in identifying friend, foe and food in the wild. Dogs also have more pigment in their irises so can withstand bright light for longer than their human counterparts.
Photos of packs of feral dogs show a prevalence of medium to large, cross bred dogs, with short hair. Most are lean but not too muscular. Small dogs routinely punch above their weight and don't seem to survive when humans are not around to keep larger dogs in check.
After successive seasons, the pack would take on a uniform colour coat, suitable for adapting to the region. For example, in warmer areas, such as the desert, dogs tend to have lighter coloured coats. One could term them sandy-haired.
What dog breeds are likely to survive in the wild?
Among the small breeds, the Jack Russell and Cairn Terriers stand the best chances of survival. JRTs are energetic little dogs, bred to be rat catchers and to enter burrows in pursuit if their prey. Cairn Terriers are hardy wire-haired, Scottish dogs that seem to thrive in all weather conditions.
Spaniels and Beagles are slightly larger breeds. Beagles have a bad rap in that they are reportedly slower and do not match the intelligence of other hunting dogs. But they are dogged in pursuing their prey (their big ears help).
Spaniels have the same reputation but are better suited to the water.
The best mid-range dogs are collies, retrievers and heelers or cattle dogs. They bring all the attributes of the aforementioned breeds to the hunting party but have more bulk. The retrievers will sparkle in water.
For protection of the pack, and backup in a hunt, Doberman Pinschers are lithe, fast and aggressive. Rottweilers would make into the pack by virtue of their appearance, and any of the Pitbull types gain a place because of their reputation. These are both strong, powerful dogs with attitudes that do not invite opposition.
In the snow, Alaskan Malamutes have the intelligence, the work ethic and the strength required for long term survival. The large breeds, such as Pyrenean Mountain Dogs, St Bernards and Newfoundlands are all immensely powerful dogs with glowing reputations as working, carting and guard dogs.
The St Bernard, due to its record of Alpine rescues, has the honour of being the national dog of Switzerland.
Regional dogs, such as the Boerboel and the Rhodesian Ridgeback would be high on the list of survivors in the Southern African region. The Thai also have a Ridgeback, and in Indochina, you will find a formidable breed of domesticated dingo which would easily revert to being free range. The Irish Wolfhound would no doubt love to join its namesake in the wild.
Do dogs live longer in the wild?
Whilst there is no research to prove whether dogs live longer in the wild, the best assumption would be no, they do not. If you think of the risks such as illness with no vets, food sources, water, traffic, fights, and other potential predators, they life expectancy of a wild dog will be lower.
Can I release my dog into the wild?
Of course you can release your dog into the wild, but whether they will survive or not is another matter. Most dogs who have been domesticated will struggle to adapt when released into the wild.
As well as the ethics of releasing a dog into the wild, there are laws too.
For example, in the UK when you release a dog into the wild you are contravening the Wildlife and Countryside Act of 1981. Section 14 of the act prohibits releasing dogs into the wild as a non-native animal.
After rats and cats, feral dogs have become the world's third largest human-introduced threat to wildlife. They are responsible for the extinction of almost a dozen species of birds and mammals, and are thought to be a threat to another 200 species, some of which are on the endangered list.
Releasing a dog into the wild is both


text:
Louisiana Marine Mammal Abundance, Distribution, and Density
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
DWH Project Funding
Known Leveraged Funding
Natural Resource Damage Assessment Trustees (NRDA)
Natural Resource Damage Assessment NRDA
Monitoring and Observations
This project will conduct vessel-based photo-identification surveys for abundance, distribution, density, and survival of marine mammals in Louisiana. This effort will support the understanding of baseline population conditions that will be used to evaluate the effects of implementing DWH Natural Resource Damage Assessment and other restoration projects.


the new pragmas.

-!discussion
+pragma Explicit_Overriding;

-We add the new syntax in such a way that all of the rules about subprogram_declarations need not be
-changed.
+with Root;
+package Leaf is
+ type Derived_Type is new Root.Root_Type with null record;
+ procedure Do_Something (Object : in out Root_Type;
+ Data : in Boolean); pragma Overrides; -- Error:
+ procedure Finalise (Object : in out Root_Type); pragma Overrides; -- Error:
+ -- Note: British spelling of "Finalize".
+end Leaf;
+
+The declarations of Do_Something and Finalise will now cause errors. The
+problem will immediately be pointed out to the programmer.
+
+!discussion

-We looked at a pragma instead of a syntax change, but it runs into problems with overloading. The main
-program is that for a constructor, it is common to intentionally add an overloading of the constructor. If we
-have pragma Is_Overriding (Create); such a overloading for Create would be illegal. Using a non-
-overloading interpretation of the identifier would be different than for all other Ada pragmas which take
-subprogram identifiers. The alternative of using a "must follow" rule and no identifier in the pragma is also
-unpleasant, since no other language defined pragmas work this way. It also would make it easy for the
-pragma to get separated from the declaration during cut-and-paste operations, leading to various errors.
+We need to add two pragmas in order that we can have override checking even
+when no overriding subprograms are declared. This checking will prevent
+accidental overriding.
+
+Requiring the explicit declaration of overriding is used in some other
+programming languages, most notably Eiffel. They also have noticed this
+problem.
+
+This additional checking still could allow an error to occur. The problem
+could still occur if there existed two or more overloaded inherited routines,
+and the user overrode the wrong one. However, this would be extremely rare,
+as it is normally the case that all of the inherited routines with a
+single name are overridden as a group.
+
+We considered adding syntax rather than defining pragma Overrides. Syntax was
+determined to be too heavyweight a solution for an amendment. One idea
+considered using existing keywords was: subprogram_specification is not new;
+These ideas were not considered satisfactory; it was felt that proper systax
+would need a new reserved word "overriding" or "redefined". That is much too
+heavy to introduce at this time. A pragma solution also has
+the advantage that compilers can implement it, and users can use it, even
+before most compilers support it. If a compiler has not yet implemented the
+pragmas, it will ignore them, and will accept any legal program (along with
+some that would be illegal if the pragmas were accepted).
+
+Pragma Overrides was defined in such a way that it can be treated almost as
+a part of the subprogram declaration. This eases the implementation, as a
+compiler can determine what kind of declaration it is processing before it
+starts doing so. (Without this rule, an implementation must postpone error
+messages until it reaches the next declaration. Since the next declaration
+could be almost anything, this would provide a distributed overhead.)
+In addition, it is important that this pragma is not accidentially
+separated from the subprogram declaration.

 !appendix

Questions? Ask the ACAA Technical Agent


text:
Have you ever came across a great deal on a DC relay for your project and it turned out to be not such a good deal because the coil was the wrong voltage?
I have had good success rewinding coils for, "new in the box", Albright contactors that I purchased for less than 10% of their usual cost because they had 24, 36/48, 60 or 72 Volt coils. I've also rewound a few of those small military antenna relays.. you know, the 28 Volt ones. I "approximated" the wire size on those because they were very intermittant duty and cheap to replace.. hi hi.
Here is the information that you may have been looking for... how to rewind the coil for a voltage that fits your needs. Or simply how to turn an undesireable coil into a desireable one.
Solenoid strength, (power), is calculated simply by the current through the coil times the number of turns, or known as Ampere-Turns.
To change the voltage of the coil the diameter of the wire must change in order to change the resistance and have the power remain the same.
The first deep dark secret to rewinding a coil is this, "the power remains relatively constant for any size wire that fills the same space on the coil form."
That means that we only need to know the power of the existing coil in order to have it remain close to the same after rewinding for a different voltage.
Get out the VOM and measure the coil resistance.
Now we have the Voltage and the Resistance of the coil and it only takes a simple calculation to find the power.
To find the Power simply square the Voltage and divide by the Resistance. IE: for a 24V coil with 158 Ohms of resistance... 24V*24V/158 Ohms=3.6W
To find the required Resistance needed for the "new" coil simply square the Voltage and divide by the Power of the old coil. Let us assume we want to rewind it for 12 volts. IE: 12V*12V/3.6W=40 Ohms. That means that our new coil needs to have about the same amount of wire and have a resistance of 40 Ohms.
Now, measure the diameter of the wire. And remember that it may have a couple of thousandths of coating.
For the existing coil we now know the voltage, diameter of the wire, the power and the resistance. This, along with an AWG, (American Wire Guage), chart will give us all we need to know about the coil.
I like the chart that I found here: _URL_
The AWG wire chart will allow us to calculate the length of the existing coil of wire and calculate the area of that coil of wire... But wait!.. what about those of us who are always looking for an easier way to do things?
Well it just so happens there is. Which brings up the second secret to rewinding solenoid coils..."The weight of copper magnet wire remains fairly constant for the area of the coil form"
That means no slide rules or calculus is involved, only simple math. You don't even need a pencil.. well.. maybe to write down a few things while you use the charts. Simply weigh the coil, then use the chart to find a size wire that weighs just as much at the desired resistance. You can double check it by using the resistance for the length of wire. It should be within about 5% of the resistance by weight. It may not be exact because your existing coil may be wound with a wire size that is not AWG, it may be British Imperial Standard (S.W.G), Washburn & Moen or Birmingham - Stubs, but if made in the USA, it will more than likely be AWG. The resistance per lb is really "close enough" no matter what the manufacturer labels the wire size.
Remember we aren't building a space shuttle, we're just rewinding a solenoid coil to operate at a desirable voltage while still maintaining very close to the level of power that it had at our undesirable voltage.
**For those on a real tight budget, or are "cheap" like me, remember that a good inexpensive source of magnet wire is a transformer. You may have to disassemble a few to find the right size wire that you need, but in this case they don't even need to be working transformers, although working ones usually smell a lot better.
When you get the transformer stripped apart you can measure the resistance, weigh the coil of wire, measure the diameter and use your chart to find if it will be "close enough" to get this project one step closer to completion.
The mechanical part of dissasembling the contactor and unwinding/rewinding the coil is left up to the rewinder because the factory assembly methods vary greatly.
A bit of advice would be to carefully take it apart and snap a photo or two to serve as a reassembly guide. It could take some time to rewind your coil and even the best technician may not remember how some parts fit back together.
I used a Dremel tool and ground off the crimped part of the yoke on the Albright contactors, then used a file to smooth up and fit the ears back into the slots. Once they were re-assembled, I drilled, tapped and countersunk small screws into the ears to hold the yoke onto the upper plate. They could be welded or even staked in the same manner that the factory did.
* Note for Albright coils: When finished winding the coil solder longer stranded insulated leads onto the coil wire and feed them back through the small slotted hole in the outer cover of the coil. Then simply cut off the excess and solder them onto the spade lugs.
Here are some before and afters for different Albright contactor coils that I have rewound.
SW80-B-4 (24V) factory wound with S.W.G. #28 wire. resistance was 48 Ohms and weight was.58 lb. Pulled in at 16V and dropped out at 6V.
Rewound SW80 (12V) with AWG #23 wire salvaged from a transformer. Resistance now 7.5 Ohms and weight was.61 lb. Pulls in at 8V and drops out at 5V. (I did say we weren't building a space shuttle, didn't I?)
(2) SW202-269 (36/48V) factory wound with S.W.G. #28 wire. resistance was 79/80 Ohms. They weighed 1 lb each, pulled in at 24.4V & 25V and dropped out at 8V & 7.5V
After rewinding with AWG-22 wire, Resistance was 8.5 and 8.6 ohms, weight was 1.02 and 1.03 lb. Pulled in at7.4V and 7.8V and dropped out at 2V and 3V. (I'll let you do the heavy math to obtain the percentages.)
Stock SW202's varied between 8 and 8.5 ohms. Weight was 1 lb and pulled in at 6 to 7V and dropped out at 2 to 3V.
I would caution anyone to be very careful using a variable speed drill clamped in a vise to rewind the coil. I've done it but had a difficult time getting the drill to run at a slow enough speed.
If you've gotten this far I'm sure you can handle that part. Just be careful, work safely and take your time. A job well done is very satisfying, especially when you think of the money that you just saved.
I could always go out and buy a suitable contactor, but where is the challenge in that. If I did that I wouldn't have anything to keep me out of the pool halls now would I?
That reminds me... I still have a 1500A albright contactor with a 72 Volt coil that is collecting dust in the corner of the shop. Anyone interested in making a trade, maybe for some magnet wire?
Background is a partial view of the antennas on top of Shaw Butte in the middle of Phoenix. Photo by Don Shelley - W3TV


text: RailCab is a research project by the University of Paderborn, Germany. Its purpose is the examination of the use of linear engines for the propulsion of autonomous, rail mounted vehicles. Similar to the Transrapid the coaches are moved by linear motors, which have a very low need for maintenance. In contrast to Transrapid a magnetic field is only used for acceleration, the vehicles run on wheels on tracks. This concept allows for modification of existing conventional railway tracks.


text:
Campbelltown, now a suburb/district captured as part of greater Sydney, is 50 kms southwest of the city centre. The Tharawal Aboriginal people lived here for 40 000 people. In On 1 December 1820 Campbelltown was named and founded by Governor Lachlan Macquarie. His wife, Elizabeth's family name was Campbell.
In the decades following World War II Campbelltown gradually change from a town, surrounded by rural land to a suburb of Sydney, with the development of new suburbs along the rail line towards Campbelltown.
This sculpture in Mawson park is of Mrs Elizabeth Macquarie. It was unveiled on 5 August 2006. The sculptor is renowned artist Tom Bass.
Bass's statue depicts Elizabeth Macquarie with a sunbonnet, apron and watering can, and surrounded by a bed of irises. Bass gained inspiration for the statue from local historical reports, which said Mrs Macquarie was known to have given bunches of irises to local settlers when accompanying her husband on his official visits. I'm glad I was there today in Iris blooming season!
The Anglican church in the background, St Peters, dates from 1823.