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What is a Coelom?
A coelom is a cavity that separates the gut from the body wall.
Most animals are coelomates, meaning they have a coelom.
The coelom allows the body's internal organs to develop independently of the body wall.
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A coelom (pronounced "seal-um") is a fluid-filled body cavity found in most animals. It is located in the mesoderm, the middle germ layer only found in triploblastic (three-layered) organisms. Simpler animals like cnidarians (jellyfish, coral, etc.) and sponges are diploblastic and monoblastic respectively, lacking a coelom. Though the cavity developed in triploblastic animals, some of these animals have lost it.
Animals with a coelom, including the majority of animal phyla, are called coelomates. Animals without it, such as flatworms, are called acoelomates. In between there are some animals called pseudocoelomates, which possess a "false coelom," which is an unlined or partially lined body cavity between the gut and body wall.
A coelom is defined as a cavity that separates the gut from the body wall. It allows the internal organs to shift around and develop independently of the body wall, creating more physiological and evolutionary flexibility. Though the term usually refers to the largest body cavity, coelomate animals (such as humans) may feature several strategically placed body cavities.
The earliest known animal with a coelom is Vernanimalcula guizhouena, which lived 600 million years ago, during the Ediacaran period. The cavity is a crucial evolutionary innovation that enabled the existence of nearly all large, complex animals. The only acoelomate animals are sponges, platyhelminthes (flatworms, tapeworms etc.), nemerteans (ribbon worms), and cnidarians (jellyfish, etc.), none of which are especially complex.
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The biggest disadvantage of lacking a coelom is that the internal organs are much more susceptible to compression and damage. The protection that coelomate animals get from their body cavity stems from the fact that fluids are incompressible, while organs are not. Since the organs are surrounded by an incompressible fluid, they are well-protected in coelomates.
Lots of the smallest, simplest, and most numerous animals are pseudocoelomate, including nematodes, rotifers, kinorhynchans (mud dragons), nematomorphs (horsehair worms), gastrotrichs, loriciferans, priapulid worms, spiny-headed worms, and entoprocts. Many of these organisms are less than 0.04 inches (1 millimeter) in size, but some, like priapulid worms, grow as large as 6 inches (15 cm).
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Nawaf
Post 4
@SouthernMuse - The difference between pseudo coeloms and true coeloms is that a true coelom has a mesodermal lining on all sides, allowing muscles to develop that surround the organs and support them within the body wall. This support system allows more efficient digestion of foods and the passing of other substances through the internal organs.
SouthernMuse
Post 3
So can anybody tell me what the difference is between pseudo coeloms and true coeloms? I know that it's something to do with a lining, but I'm really not sure, and I can't find the answer in my textbook. I really need to finish this homework, somebody help me out!
panda2006
Post 2
While it might seem easy to say that all animals with coeloms are also vertebrates, and all animals without them are invertebrates, it is not quite that simple. Some simple vertebrates do have a pseudo coelom, meaning that they are somewhat in between, at least having enough of one to make it hard to say they do not.
anon141587
Post 1
Thanks for the info mate! needed it for biology, now to find out how it evolved.
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i want the numbers to be displayed in this format..
1 2 3 4 5 ^
where if i press 5, then it should display from 5 to 10
5 6 7 8 9 10
till the max records are available. i just want to know a how to do this for displaying numbers.
share|improve this question
What is your user interface framework? If it's the console then it's not so simple to do portable non-blocking I/O under Java. – trojanfoe Apr 2 '11 at 7:27
i have implemented using Spring MVC, where if i click on 1, it will display from 1 to 10 records. now the only problem is displaying numbers that are meaningfull. currently i have implemented showing numbers from 1 to 10 for 100 records. but if records increase, then the displaying numbers too will increase. so want to control this.. how do i do that? – Raju Apr 2 '11 at 7:36
i just want to know the logic of how this can be done. or if anybody can show with simple example for this calculation? – Raju Apr 2 '11 at 7:49
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4 Answers
up vote 4 down vote accepted
Normally you want your database to do the heavy lifting for pagination and sorting. With MySQL for example you can get a page of sorted results by adding
to the end of your SQL query. If you use hibernate you can do this in a vendor-independent way using the criteria API:
(List) Criteria criteria = getSession()
To display a pagination navigation you also need to count the total number of results:
(Integer) Criteria criteria = getSession()
You can add restrictions to both searches, for example when you want to filter on lastname you could add:
.add(Restrictions.eq("lastname", "Smith")
(This needs to be added to both the count query and the list query).
When you know the total number of results, the pagesize and the current page number you can do something like this:
// TODO: execute the count query here to determine totalResults
int totalPages = Math.ceil(totalResults / pageSize);
// show first page by default
int first = 0;
if (currentPage >= 0 && currentPage < totalPages) {
 first = currentPage * pageSize;
// the number of items on the page might be less than the page size
int count = Math.min(pageSize, totalResults - first);
// TODO: execute the list query here to get a page of data
How you display the navigation is up to you. Some frameworks (like my favorite, Wicket) have standard components for that. Otherwise you will have to think of a way to handle huge amounts of pages. A common approach is to show a range of say 10 page numbers and forward/backward jump to start/jump to end links.
Hope this helps.
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We cannot give the specific/exact answer you expected. The thing here is we can give you some advice for some logic ways to accomplish your request.
First thing is, read some documents for creating a well designed structure of your pagination. Here are some links that may help you in building the design of your pagination.
For my personal experience in designing my pagination and a large data will retrieve from a database. I'll use a LIMIT in my sql query to fasten retrieving the results. And I'll do things as follows.
 - First I do have a Model a class/object that will hold the pages that will display in my presentation layer.
 - The processing of query will process in a DAO/my business layer.
 - Now in my Services/Logic layer will process the assigning of values to my model. This where also the forwarding and requesting of data will be handle.
 - And in my presentation layer which the results of the query and the parameter for every links in pagination will display.
I know my explanation is not clear but I hope you get some point on it.
And now you could ask what's the relevant to your question. It is the process of how your presentation communication with your business layer. What I mean is the flow on how will you get the result you needed if some page number was call. Seems not really clear for that I'll make pseudo-codes that more related to you're question.
Since you don't have a ( First | Prev | page no here.... | Next | Last ) on your pagination. I'll make it short as possible.
First loading of the page with default pages. Assuming page data is from database and with the use of LIMIT
 1. DAO/Business - SELECT pagesContent/link FROM someTables LIMIT 0,5;..
 2. Services/Logic - Put links for page 1 and so on... and put it to pagination Model..
 3. Presentaton/Display - Display now the pages that stored in pagination Model.. Now in page5 or the last page you get the query you will pass another parameter that will change the starting limit of the query and you can pass also the nth page..
The logic here is, from your pagination display you will need to pass a value that your logic layer will understand what will be the next pages to be display. Another way is you can set a condition in you logic layer how to count the pages if it is not in the range of 1 - 4 or other thing you need to validate.
I hope this can be a help.
share|improve this answer
thank you for your reply. i have finished the part of access the and displaying the records. the only thing missing is the numbers that needs to be displayed. i tried this. if((currentPageNumber % 5 == 0) { firstPageNumber = currentPageNumber; endPageNumber = currentPageNumber + 5 ; if(endPageNumber >= totalRecords) endPageNumber = totalPages; } – Raju Apr 2 '11 at 9:51
that didnt work, if i click 6, it ll display from 1 to 5 again. need some logic to retain from 5 to 10 even if i click 6 or 7 or so.. – Raju Apr 2 '11 at 9:57
Your close to it.. Why it didn't work for 6.. maybe because you don't set the starting page to be displayed. Like I said there must be another parameter that can detect what will be the starting page. And for example a query like Select * FROM table LIMIT start-Page,nth-Page if you are using a query. But this can also apply to your process. Just play and analyze on your code and you will get it :) – ace Apr 2 '11 at 10:11
hmm thank you for all advice. :D – Raju Apr 2 '11 at 10:22
I think this was a great answer 1+ – sfrj Apr 2 '11 at 11:55
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Last week i discovered primefaces, it has lots of cool tools and gadgets, here have a look _URL_ if what you do is desktop apps you can have a look at javaFX _URL_
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Well you can also control that yourself with no need of a gadget. I think an idea could be making a custom component of your own that as input parameter takes the total number of records and also the selected paginator value. Then you would design an algorithm that will divide the ammount of records by the selected paginator choice. The result will be the number of pages. You will need exception handling to cover all options. The pages numbers can be represented as an array. – sfrj Apr 3 '11 at 16:53
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If you have a List of records then you can do pagination using subList method of List.
List.subList(fromIndex, endIndex);
returns a view of the portion of this list between the specified fromIndex, inclusive, and toIndex, exclusive
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text:
Compass Needle in Uniform and Rotating Magnetic Fields
A compass needle undergoes forced oscillations under the influence of a uniform magnetic field and a rotating magnetic field with angular velocity (black arrow). The compass needle has a moment of inertia, a friction constant, and a magnetic moment ℳ. This is a simple example of a system that shows chaotic motion. In a real experiment it is impossible to repeat a particular motion from initial conditions and because the system is chaotic.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The use and manufacture of fossil fuels is often criticized as irresponsible and destructive — but rarely is it compared to genocide.
Student activist group Fossil Free Penn hosted a discussion focused on the validity of this harrowing comparison Thursday, following the Trustee's September decision not to divest from fossil fuels. In a letter written to Fossil Free Penn on the day of the decision, Chairman of the Trustees David L. Cohen said the activities of fossil fuel companies do not constitute a "moral evil" that is "on par with apartheid or genocide."
The night's featured speakers were Penn German professor Simon Richter and physical chemistry Ph.D. and Holocaust survivor, Micha Tomkiewicz.
An active promoter of climate change awareness and researcher of alternative energy, Tomkiewicz said the comparison between fossil fuel and genocide is not entirely apt. He said making such a comparison would require proof of mal-intent, which he said cannot be found in either fossil fuel producers or consumers.
Further, he warned that the exaggerated references to events like the Holocaust weaken the anti-fossil fuel campaign.
"Using this comparison usually means you lost the argument," Tomkiewicz said.
Tomkiewicz explained that if fossil fuel consumption continues at its current rate, it could eventually meet the definition of a moral evil. According to his analysis, current greenhouse gas emissions threaten the human race with profound disaster and could mean the end for different peoples and cultures around the globe.
Continuing to neglect the issue of climate change would qualify as implicit intent, tantamount to "self-inflicted genocide," he said.
"The fact that everybody knows about it, yet still chooses politically to continue, and not care what will happen sixty to seventy years from now, to me, constitutes intent," Tomkiewicz said. "So for all practical purposes, not right now [fossil fuel use] constitutes a genocide, but [it will] if we continue with business as usual."
Richter agreed with Tomkiewicz and questioned whether Penn's administration is doing enough to fight climate change.
Though he briefly commended the University for its investment in renewable energy, his critiques far outweighed his praise. He attacked the Board of Trustees' September decision to not divest from the fossil fuel industry. He said setting such high standards for divestment served as an excuse, allowing the University to avoid an inconvenience.
"It's a shield they can use to defend their inactivity and decision not to pursue action," Richter said. "It's not climate change denial, but it's climate urgency denial."
Indeed, Richter doubted whether any cause, no matter how significant, could actually convince the University to divest. He alleged that the requirements laid out in the Board's September letter were so unattainable, it would preclude a withdrawal from even the most destructive of investments.
Penn has divested in the past. In the 1980s,Penn divested from companies that did business in South Africa, and in 2006, divested from oil companies in Sudan in reaction to the genocide in Darfur. Most recently, Penn decided not to make future investments in HEI Hotels and Resorts after it was accused of unlawful anti-organizing practices and unfair working conditions.
In 2014, the University declined to divest from the tobacco industry, despite overwhelming support from the Penn community.
Richter urged administrators and students to show "more moral leadership," in a crusade against climate change. He noted that as the alma mater of President-elect and 1968 Wharton graduate Donald Trump, Penn enjoys a unique political influence.
"This is a megaphone that chance has handed to us," he said. "We should call on the University to make strategic use of this mega-phone. Divestment, under these new circumstances, is all the more urgent."

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
InfoMine is a state of the art facility that uses the latest technology to extract and refine raw materials. Kiruna was originally built around a mining community. It has remained a rich source for iron ore, Malmberget has been mined for over a century. The complete process from extracting raw material to producing refined iron takes place on-site. This allows for an educational experience that goes beyond understanding the extraction of metal from the ground. Guided tours of the locomotives and ore car workshops in Kiruna as well as multi-media tours are available during summer time.
For guided tours of the mining museum please contact Kiruna Lappland Tourist Office,
Lars Janssonsgatan 17,
SE-981 31 Kiruna, E-mail: _EMAIL_
Skylark rocket launch at Esrange
Esrange Space Centre
Esrange Space Centre is one of the world's most sophisticated space rocket bases located at Sweden's northern tip in Kiruna. It is a base for scientific research with high altitude balloons, investigation of the aurora borealis and sounding rocket launches. It acts as a ground station for civilian satellites, both telecom and scientific and it serves the international community for research, military development, and commercial use. It is located 200 km north of the Arctic Circle and surrounded by a vast wilderness. The local hotel Aurora has been used by tourists since December 2007, who want to spend time at the only rocket base allowing tourists to sleep in the hotels, which are normally meant for scientists and engineers.
For more information and enquiries please contact Swedish Space Corporation,
P.O. Box 4207,
SE-171 04 Solna,
Sweden, E-mail: _EMAIL_


text:
During periods of heavy rain, the City and County of Honolulu can experience overflows and spills at its Kaneohe Waste Water Pre-Treatment Facility. The solution is to connect the Kaneohe facility to Kailua's Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant with a transmission tunnel more than three miles long. A TBM has never been used in Hawaii before, so our experience and expertise are vital to the project's success.
The $173-million tunnel project consists of 13-ft. diameter rock tunnel running approximately 300 ft. below the Oneawa Hills for 16,337 lf to connect the two existing wastewater treatment facilities. The final tunnel liner is 120-in Hobas FRP sewer pipe grouted in place. The novelty of the TBM has generated quite a bit of public interest.
The majority of the tunnel passes through basaltic rock with unconfined compressive strengths up to 16,000 psi. Approximately 650 lf of the tunnel passes through soft ground, requiring pre-excavation grouting to control groundwater inflows. With the ocean literally surrounding the project, there are significant environmental concerns. In addition, the area is densely populated and carries strict noise ordinances.
Several deep shafts were constructed to aid with mining activities and serve as junction structures, diversion structures, and pump station. The Tunnel Influent Pump Station (TIPS) shaft, which serves as the main working shaft, is 87-ft. diameter by 96-ft. deep slurry wall shaft. Another slurry wall drop shaft at the Kaneohe site is 30-ft. in diameter and 54 ft. deep; it facilitates the construction of vortex drop structures and serves as a mining and staging shaft.
There is also an 8 ft. diameter, 287 ft. deep access shaft at the existing Kapaa Water Tank site. Approximately 1,000 lf of 30-ft. high sound wall has been constructed around the staging area at the Kailua Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant to ensure noise-regulation compliance.
- Owner: City and County of Honolulu
- SOUTHLAND HOLDINGS TEAM: Southland Contracting /Mole Constructors Joint Venture


text:
Princess, Cooperative Game$16.98
A Cooperative game about endangered species!
A lot of creatures are disappearing because they are being over-hunted and their natural habitats destroyed. Can we do the needed research to initiate Laws and Conservation Methods to save as many endangered species as we can?
Lots of decision making for each player. The basic game plays quickly, with advanced rules for older players!
Includes: 20 endangered creature cards, 50 research, protection, hunting and habitat tokens, project marker, educational booklet with species information, rules.
Recommended age: 9+
Handmade in Canada

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


What Temp Does Diesel Freeze?
September 30, 2020
Truck drive in winter.
The drop in the temperature during the winter season can have a devastating effect on the performance of diesel engines. The moment the diesel fuel reaches the freezing mark of 32° Fahrenheit or 0°Celcius, it elicits certain conditions for these machines to ultimately be rendered inefficient. The fuel tank becomes cloudy as the paraffin in the fuel starts its solidifying process.
It does not immediately affect the driving capability of the diesel engine. Still, a cautionary sign that the diesel entered the zone where it is vulnerable to turn into a gel-like substance is when the temperature drops 10° to 15° Fahrenheit (-12.2°C to -9.4°C). Generally, a car exposed to these temperatures all night long cannot be driven or even get the engine to start.
The thickening of the diesel or diesel gelling would mean the water has frozen and wax crystals are being formed, which leads to clogged filters, and eventually solidifies. A frozen fuel would mean it cannot flow any longer and ultimately becomes unusable until such time when it re-liquefies again.
Stages of Diesel Freezing & Gelling
During the winter season and in extremely cold temperatures, if a diesel-reliant motor in perfect condition does not start or stopped running, it would mean that the fuel is not flowing properly. Depending on the quality of the fuel used, the motor will start, but chances are it will not stay running for long.
1) Starts with Icing Issues
The process of diesel gelling or freezing does not happen immediately. It all starts with the water in your fuel. When you use a diesel engine, water is produced through condensation whenever the hot diesel fuel goes back to the fuel tank from the injectors. Sometimes, just by improper handling and other specific climate conditions, water can seep into the fuel tanks. The problem starts because, basically, water freezes during winter.
2) Diesel Cloud Point
In a normal environment, the paraffin in diesel fuel helps in improving its lubricity, but in a colder climate, when the temperature drops little by little, the wax crystallizes. If it reaches the diesel cloud point, those paraffin crystals would merge and becomes cloudy. The fuel does not flow smoothly, and it will start to congest in the fuel filters.
3) Cold Filter Plugging Point
After the diesel fuel becomes unyielding, there is clogging in the fuel filter. The engine will stop running as the fuel reaches its Cold Filter Plugging Point. It would mean that the type of diesel fuel that is being used reached the lowest temperature that it can handle to achieve a trouble-free flow phase.
4) Diesel Gelling
When the temperature drops below 10°F or below -12.22°C, the diesel gelling occurs. The fuel altogether solidifies, and there is no chance for it to flow.
Common Signs of Diesel Fuel Gelling
The following are just a few common signs that the diesel fuel of your engine has entered the gelling process. However, it is important to remember that for the diesel fuel gelling to occur, it should have been exposed to a temperature lower than 10°F or -12.22°C and that the following signs are not exclusively caused by fuel gelling.
 - When you have trouble starting your engine or it does not start at all.
 - The engine will start but will not run for long.
 - There is difficulty in accelerating.
 - No fuel pressure at all or actual pressure remains low while the desired pressure goes up.
Ways to Prevent Diesel Gelling
Diesel gelling is a normal occurrence for those people living in extremely cold places, but it does not mean they can no longer drive a vehicle using diesel fuel. There are ways to prevent this problem from happening.
Be prepared for Winter Season or Colder Climate
It never hurts to ensure that your engine is in top condition. Make the necessary trip to the auto shop and let a certified mechanic do the regular checkup on your battery. Batteries are susceptible to fail once the temperature drops lower than the usual. Have your mechanic do the multimeter testing to see if it is below 12.45 volts and if it is, battery replacement is necessary. Clean up the battery cables to get a good connection. Also, it is best to test the alternator too, as they do not last forever.
Use Fuel Additives To Prevent Clogging
Due to the necessary changes in diesel fuel production to make it more environment-friendly, it has become vulnerable to gelling. To deal with this problem, certain fuel additives are needed to ensure that the wax crystals would not altogether solidify. Its presence in the diesel fuel will help in removing water; thereby, no icing will occur. More importantly, the additive will enable the diesel to flow freely, even at subzero conditions. It lowers the pour point of the diesel fuel up to 40 degrees. The pour point refers to the lowest temperature that the diesel fuel can flow when it is cooled.
Use the Block Heater
Not all diesel engine owners are aware that they have a block heater in the vehicle, and therefore, they don't use it during the winter season. However, if your vehicle is not equipped with one, make sure to invest in a block heater as it would make your life easier. If you found it, have it tested to ensure that it's working fine. A multimeter can easily check its efficiency. When the temperature starts to drop, plug it in before it reaches zero degrees. This simple habit will lessen the chances of diesel gelling if the additive finds it too hard or is not enough to prevent it from happening due to the continuous drop in temperature.
Things to Do When Diesel Gelling Occurs
Most of the old folks would tell you that prevention is the cure, but if the problem has already occurred, it is wise to know what your options are to avoid getting stranded in a cold environment and just wait for the cavalry to arrive.
 - If possible, take your vehicle somewhere safe and warm, preferably inside a building. This will help in relaxing the diesel fuel and let it warm up.
 - Get your gloves and inspect your fuel tanks. This is important as bacteria can grow in diesel fuel, and you don't want to get the diesel bug by being careless.
 - Look into the fuel filter if there are signs of diesel gelling such as the presence of wax particles. Remove the water from the water separators and change the fuel filter if it is clogged.
 - Use an emergency De-Gel solution such as Power Service Diesel 9-1-1 to liquefy the gelled diesel fuel. It is not recommended to use it regularly but only during emergencies. Read the instructions carefully and follow each step properly.


text:
If you are a teacher in China, in the month of January or February, you WILL make a lantern. The lantern is the Christmas tree of Chinese New Year. Ugh! Don't get me wrong, I love a lantern but I am over the construction paper, slouchy, slotted mess with a handle that always breaks. OVER IT! So, this year I made it my mission to make a lantern with students that broke away from the mundane. But before we move on, please repeat after me… "I will not, put a real candle, with a real flame, into my lantern." Good, moving on.
Students started by painting an ink wash made from recycled and soaked marker cartridges.
While the paper was still wet students either sprinkled rock salt or drops of rubbing alcohol to create a interesting background to which they would paint on top of. The following week, we used black ink and a straw to blow branch like trails of ink across the coloured backgrounds.
Finally students folded the paper into fourths, cut six triangle notches at the top of each fold and clipped the ends of the paper so they would fit together. After folding up the flaps, students glued the seam and then glued a piece on black card stock onto the bottom and top. If you want the top or lid to open and close, only glue one flap to make that possible.
To actually turn it into a lantern, put an electric candle inside. The ones that flicker are the best, however the intensity of the glow will be different depending on the thickness of the paper. A wire handle can also be added as well for display purposes. The kids loved the way the lanterns looked and I think we were all pleased to have changed the status quo of the lackluster lanterns from earlier years.


text:
Suffering from sickness or nausea caused by the motion of a ship at sea.
More example sentences
- Though a good general, Medina Sidonia had never been to sea before and when he did get on board his ship, he got seasick.
- I get seasick, air-sick and used to get terribly car-sick as a child.
- For example, a person on a boat who starts to feel seasick should immediately watch the horizon.
- More example sentences
- I hated the whole journey there, complaining first of seasickness, then sickness of riding my horse, and finally just plain sickness of travelling.
- I also began to throw up because of seasickness.
- And don't let seasickness put you off travelling.
Definition of seasick in:
- The British & World English dictionary


text:
raised one stumbling block after another. […]
A network's electrical properties are governed by a special equation called the network's "characteristic polynomial." As the trio performed computer experiments on these polynomials, they found that the equations seemed to have hidden structure: Their solutions were always real numbers (as opposed to complex numbers), and, surprisingly, adding these polynomials together always seemed to result in a new polynomial with that same property. "These polynomials were doing more than we gave them credit for," Marcus said. "We used them as a way of transferring knowledge, but really the polynomials seemed to be containing knowledge themselves."


text:
On the EVE Online forums, Ellente Fervens makes a request that crops up occasionally: the directional scanner should have an option to update automatically, shifting a tedious and repetitive task away from the player to the computer. Conceptually, I agree with this idea. This is sci-fi, and we are piloting complex ships no doubt stuffed with computing power. It should be possible to give the ship computer a set of commands such as, 'keep d-scan updated, and if an unknown ship or scanning probes are detected then initiate an emergency warp back to the tower'.
Practically, however, I do not agree with such a change. EVE Online is not just a sci-fi environment, it is also and primarily a game. The interest and entertainment comes from player skill, and the progression of that skill. If you take away the skill from the game, by placing control in the hands of a computer, you are taking away the reason to play the game. This, I would argue, is one reason why AFK-[anything] is considered wrong, or at least unsporting. You play a game to be involved, and removing that involvement is seen to be detrimental to enjoyment.
As an example, the act of scanning is obviously algorithmic. Arrange probes in a set pattern, scan, pick a signature, centre the probe pattern on that signature, reduce the range of probes, scan. Repeat until signature is 100% or probe range is minimised, bookmark and/or ignore the signature, and reset; repeat until all signatures are bookmarked or ignored. In reality, there should be no pilot interaction for scanning. Launch your probes, let the computer do everything, and analyse the results at your leisure. But the lack of interaction gives no reason to be at the controls, to be playing the game.
Similar arguments could be made for other aspects of New Eden life, such as planetary interaction. I don't know myself, but I suspect there is an algorithmic method for finding sources of planet goo, extracting it, and shipping it to space. It would save a lot of fiddling around if you could just tell your computer to do it for you. And it would probably do a better job, too. Manufacturing also has algorithmic properties, when considering what blueprints to buy and research, and when to install lots of separate jobs to get a resultant ship off the production line. This isn't unusual.
Part of the reason there are so many processes that can be reduced to automation is that EVE Online is essentially a simulation, already running on computers, and already reduced to algorithms. This is clearly demonstrated by acknowledging that mission-running can be automated. The rats are always the same, and will always react the same way, because that's how they've been designed. Modules, planetary equipment, and probes will never deteriorate, so each subsequent process will be exactly the same as the previous one. Anything that has been programmed can be automated.
That's not to say scanning shouldn't be done automatically. But if it is, there must be some reason for players to want to scan manually. Generally, a common theme in gaming is to reward player interaction over player non-interaction. In this case, it would be that automated scanning would take at least twice as long as manual scanning. Note how this still makes no sense from a realism viewpoint, as a computer would be able to arrange probes much more quickly than a human. But if the processes were realistic then player interaction would be detrimental to progress, which is antithetical to the idea of gameplay. And there is a firm precedent, as autopilot takes you more slowly to your destination than does manual navigation.
If you consider the parts of the game that cannot be automated, that are not algorithmic, you will see a common pattern: player involvement. PvP is the defining aspect of EVE Online, and with good reason. Once you get other players, other people, involved, predictability is thrown out of the window. There may be aspects of PvP combat that can feel repetitive, or could be done more quickly by a computer, but there is always variation, always uncertainty, and that cannot be easily accounted for by an algorithm. The heart of EVE Online shows that player interaction and skill is rewarded over mechanically reproducing certain actions.
Now to bring the discussion back to d-scan updating automatically. Yes, conceptually it should be possible. Computers can do this easily. And there seems little reason to object to it. After all, the player still needs to analyse the results, and ephemeral ships or probes can still be missed if a capsuleer takes a drink or is otherwise distracted. But this isn't futuristic spaceship life, this is a game. Player interaction needs to be rewarded over player non-interaction. Automated d-scanning, if it happens, would need to update slowly, and significantly slowly than is possible manually.
A thirty-second automatic update of d-scan may be acceptable to consider. Any less and d-scan would come close to being the w-space version of a populated local channel, negating the base concept behind w-space. You could argue that this period is too long, and a pilot would be better off updating d-scan manually. Well, that is pretty much my point. An automated d-scan updating every thirty seconds is better than nothing, but updating it manually is better still. There needs to be risk, but specifically risk that can be mitigated by players being alert to those risks. There is limited automation in games for a reason, even if those reasons deny realism. The game needs to be player driven, lest we end up with computer-vs-computer gameplay whilst us meatbags with our slow-firing neurons sit back and watch what is essentially alternative TV.


Clinical Trials
e7e1f7057
- Published in Expert Opinion
Lispro administered by QS-M needle-free injector results in earlier and higher insulin exposure than conventional pen, and a greater early glucose-lowering effect with similar overall potency.
Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) profiles of lispro administered by the QS-M needle-free jet injector in Chinese subjects.
Research design and methods: A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, cross-over study was performed. Eighteen healthy volunteers were recruited. Lispro (0.2 units/kg) was administered by the QS-M needle-free jet injector or by conventional pen. Seven-hour euglycemic clamp tests were performed. Eighteen volunteers (nine men and nine women) were recruited in this study. The inclusion criteria were: nonsmokers aged 18–40 years, with body mass index (BMI) of 17–24 kg/m2; subjects with normal biochemical tests, blood pressure, and electrocardiograph; subjects who signed the informed consent. The exclusion criteria were: subjects with insulin allergy or other allergic history; subjects with chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, liver or kidney disease. Subjects who used alcohol were also excluded. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University.
Results: A larger area under the curve (AUCs) of insulin concentration and glucose infusion rate (GIR) during the first 20 minutes after lispro injection by the jet injector compared to the insulin pen was observed (24.91 ± 15.25 vs. 12.52 ± 7.60 mg. kg−1, P < 0.001 for AUCGIR,0–20 min; 0.36 ± 0.24 vs. 0.10 ± 0.04 U min L−1, P < 0.001 for AUCINS, 0–20 min). Needle-free injection showed a shorter time to reach maximum insulin concentration (37.78 ± 11.14 vs. 80.56 ± 37.18 min, P < 0.001) and GIR (73.24 ± 29.89 vs. 116.18 ± 51.89 min, P = 0.006). There were no differences in total insulin exposure and hypoglycemic effects between the two devices. Conclusion: Lispro administered by QS-M needle-free injector results in earlier and higher insulin exposure than conventional pen, and a greater early glucose-lowering effect with similar overall potency.
Post time: Apr-29-2022


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part 2: an abundant life
In the previous module, we discovered three ways (or modes) in which we typically share the gospel, and you were provided with two helpful resources, Hurdles to Engaging Others, and the GodTools app.
Knowing God Personally Tool: Sharing Point 1
- What is one thing that stood out for you from the video?
- Why do you think it is important to start sharing the gospel with a reminder of God's love and plan?
In the video, Jared tells Grant about this promise of Jesus:
I came that they may have life and have it abundantly.
John 10:10b ESV
- What do you think it means to have an abundant life?
- Do you think most people experience an abundant life? Why/why not?
Up Next |Part 3 Despite the fact that Jesus came so we can have abundant life, we don't always experience that abundance. Sin gets in the way. What is sin, and how do you overcome it?
Model the Gospel is the second journey of Equipped Disciple. Learn about the whole five collection series, and how the parts fit together.


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Projects per year
Glaciers and ice sheets are a significant source of nanoparticulate Fe, which is potentially important in sustaining the high productivity observed in the near-coastal regions proximal to terrestrial ice cover. However, the bioavailability of particulate iron is poorly understood, despite its importance in the ocean Fe inventory. We combined high-resolution imaging and spectroscopy to investigate the abundance, morphology and valence state of particulate iron in glacial sediments. Our results document the widespread occurrence of amorphous and Fe(II)-rich and Fe(II)-bearing nanoparticles in Arctic glacial meltwaters and iceberg debris, compared to Fe(III)-rich dominated particulates in an aeolian dust sample. Fe(II) is thought to be highly biolabile in marine environments. Our work shows that glacially derived Fe is more labile than previously assumed, and consequently that glaciers and ice sheets are therefore able to export potentially bioavailable Fe(II)-containing nanoparticulate material to downstream ecosystems, including those in a marine setting. Our findings provide further evidence that Greenland Ice Sheet meltwaters may provide biolabile particulate Fe that may fuel the large summer phytoplankton bloom in the Labrador Sea, and that Fe(II)-rich particulates from a region of very high productivity downstream of a polar ice sheet may be glacial in origin.
- biological pump
FingerprintDive into the research topics of 'Biolabile ferrous iron bearing nanoparticles in glacial sediments'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
- 1 Finished
1/10/11 → 30/11/16


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Certified Food Protection Manager Course offered in Freeport
The University of Illinois Extension will offer the Illinois Certified Food Protection Manager Course, formally known as the Food Service Sanitation Manager Course (FSSMC). This two-part course will meet the 8-hour coursework and examination required by the State of Illinois for both the initial CFPM, and the recertification.
Effective January 1, 2018, the Illinois Food Service Sanitation Manager Certification (FSSMC) was eliminated. However, the Illinois Department of Public Health's Food Service Sanitation Code still requires food establishments to be under the operational supervision of a certified food service sanitation manager during hours of operation.
Now food establishments must have an American National Standards Institute (ANSI) accredited Certified Food Protection Manager (CFPM) certification. This requirement helps to ensure the safety of consumers when eating away from home. Those receiving this certification have specialized training, by an ANSI approved instructor, regarding the safe handling, preparation and storage of food to help prevent foodborne related illnesses. The certificate is valid for five years from the exam date and then is repeated once a certificate expires. One of the positive aspects of this change comes in the form of students no longer having to apply for the additional Illinois FSSMC certificate, which will save them money.
During the two-day Certified Food Protection Manager Course, participants will gain knowledge about food safety and contamination, employee health and hygiene, safe food handling practices, cleaning and sanitizing, and HACCP.
The Certified Food Protection Manager Course will take place on August 14, 9:00 am – 3:00 pm and August 17, 9:00 am – 2:30 pm, at the Stephenson County Farm Bureau, 210 W Spring Street, Freeport. Participants should bring a valid photo ID and arrive 15 minutes early to register, as class will begin promptly at 9:00 am. Participants must attend the full training to be eligible to take the exam.
There is a $100 fee for the Certified Food Protection Manager Course. This fee is for the purchase of the book, educational materials, examination, and lunch. Space is limited and pre-registration is required. To register, please contact the University of Illinois Extension at _PHONE_ or visit us online at _URL_
If you need a reasonable accommodation to participate in this program, please contact the University of Illinois Extension at _PHONE_.
Diane Reinhold is a University of Illinois Extension, Nutrition and Wellness Educator and registered dietitian. For more about upcoming programming on nutrition and wellness, visithttp://web.extension.illinois.edu/jsw or call _PHONE_.


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After reviewing my last posting, I realized that although I covered the specifics of style definitions and nVision, I missed a critical set of information. You see, there are limitations in Excel as well as nVision that can easily be worked around if you understand the following:
The posting and formatting process nVision follows
Because nVision uses excel for storing results and for formatting, a basic understanding of the steps that are followed, and excel behavior will give you some insight as to the hooks available for formatting outside of the nVision stylesheet functionality discussed in the previous posting.
So, in a nutshell, here are the steps followed in nVision in running a report once it has retrieved the data to be included:
Step 1: Insert rows or columns in the worksheet
It inserts the appropriate number of rows or columns for the results of the nPlosion. When it does this, it calls the excel function to do this. This is important to know, because the standard excel behavior for an insert occurs. You may be thinking "yea… so…?"
So… This means you can leverage some of the cool things that excel does on an insert with respect to data ranges and formatting:
- If you insert a row or column in the middle of a range (either a named range, or a range that is used in a formula, chart, etc), the references in the range are automatically updated. This means that you can bind a chart to nPloded data without having to write a macro!
- If you insert a row or column in the middle of two cells that have the same formatting, the new cell in the new row or column is given the formatting as those around it. This means that if you apply conditional formatting to a cell in the row or column with the nPlosion specified as well as the one above it, all nPloded rows or columns will also have the conditional formatting applied (even though styles in Excel don't support conditional formatting).
In other words, by paying attention to where nVision inserts rows or columns, you have additional control over the behavior of the results.
Step 2: Paste the data into the worksheet
This is done using some bulk APIs available in excel. Because it only pastes the values (and formulas for formula nPlosion), it does not override the formatting.
Step 3: Apply the styles
I'm not sure whether this is done prior to pasting the data, but it actually doesn't matter because the paste data step doesn't affect the formatting of it. The important point is that the default behavior of excel for inserting a row is applied prior to the step of applying the appropriate nVision styles.
One additional point is that excel styles are not all or nothing from a formatting perspective. In other words, you can define a style to only include the cell color and nothing else. This gives you a lot of flexibility, and also allows you to retain formatting in the original layout as needed. Because of this, you can think of the formatting as being applied in layers (where you can override part of what comes from a lower layter).
Putting this into practice
Although there are a couple of examples above as to how to put it into practice, I believe the following example does a pretty good job of putting it all together.
Imagine that you have a report that shows payroll costs, FTEs, and Percent over/under budget as three different colums. It nPlodes the total amount for a general manager into the department detail. Notice that the number formatting for each column should be different: currency for column 1, a number with no decimals for column 2, and percentage for column 3.
Because the nVision stylesheets do not support multiple amount styles for row nPlosion, the number formatting needs to come from the report layout, where the columns are created. Therefore, the report developer would need to do the following:
- Apply the number formatting for the different columns as needed in the nVision layout(one for dollars, one for percentage, etc.)
- Modify the amount styles (the ones that end in "A") to exclude number formatting. You may want to save off a new stylesheet workbook for use in this type of report in the future.
- When you run the reports, the number formatting won't be applied from the styles, while the other formatting, such as font size, border, and pattern will be applied.
Labels: nVision, Tree_Manager


-links. Setting up a virtual TE-link requires a
 signaling mechanism allowing an end-to-end association
 between Virtual TE-link end points so as to exchange link
 identifiers as well as some TE parameters.
 The TE mechanism responsible for triggering/policing dynamic
 modification of Virtual TE-links is out of the scope of GMPLS
 protocols.
 Current GMPLS signalling does not allow setting up and releasing
 Virtual TE-links. Hence GMPLS signalling must be extended to support
 Virtual TE-links.
 We can distinguish two options for setting up Virtual TE-links:
 - The Soft FA approach that consists of setting up the FA-LSP in the
 control plane without actually activating cross connections in the
 data plane. On the one hand, this requires state maintenance on all
 transit LSRs (N square issue), but on the other hand this may allow
 for some admission control. Indeed, when a soft-FA is activated,
 the resources may be no longer available for use by other soft-FAs
 that have common links. These soft-FA will be dynamically released
 and corresponding virtual TE-links are deleted. The soft-FA LSPs
 may be setup using procedures similar to those described in
 [RFC4872] for setting up secondary LSPs.
 - The remote association approach that simply consists of exchanging
 virtual TE-links IDs and parameters directly between TE-link end
 points. This does not require state maintenance on transit LSRs,
 but reduces admission control capabilities. Such an association
 between Virtual TE-link end-points may rely on extensions to the
 RSVP-TE ASON Call procedure ([RSVP-CALL]).
 Note that the support of Virtual TE-links does not require any GMPLS
 routing extension.
3.1.1.3. Traffic Disruption Minimization During FA Release
 Before deleting a given FA-LSP, all nested LSPs have to be rerouted
 and removed from the FA-LSP to avoid traffic disruption.
 The mechanisms required here are similar to those required for
 graceful deletion of a TE-Link. A Graceful TE-link deletion mechanism
 allows for the deletion of a TE-link without disrupting traffic of
 TE-LSPs that were using the TE-link.
 Hence, GMPLS routing and/or signaling extensions are required
 to support graceful deletion of TE-links. This may utilize the
 procedures described in [GR-SHUT]: A transit LSR notifies a head-end
 LSR that a TE-link along the path of a LSP is going to be torn down,
 and also withdraws the bandwidth on the TE-link so that it is not
 used for new LSPs.
3.1.1.4. Stability
 The stability of upper-layer LSP may be impaired if the VNT undergoes
 frequent changes. In this context robustness of the VNT is defined as
 the capability to smooth the impact of these changes and avoid their
 subsequent propagation.
 Guaranteeing VNT stability is out of the scope of GMPLS protocols and
 relies entirely on the capability of the TE and VNT management
 algorithms to minimize routing perturbations. This requires that the
 algorithms takes into account the old VNT when computing a new VNT,
 and try to minimize the perturbation.
 A
 Note that a full mesh of upper-layer lower-layer LSPs MAY may be created between
 every pair of border nodes between the upper and lower layers. The
 merit of a full mesh of upper-layer lower-layer LSPs is that it provides
 stability to the upper layer routing. That is, forwarding table used
 in the upper layer is not impacted if the VNT undergoes changes.
 Further, there is always full reachability and immediate access to
 bandwidth to support LSPs in the upper layer. But it also has
 significant drawbacks, since it requires the maintenance of n^2 RSVP-TE RSVP-
 TE sessions, which may be quite CPU and memory consuming (scalability
 impact). Also this may lead to significant bandwidth wastage. Note
 that the use of virtual TE-links solves the bandwidth wastage issue,
 and may reduce the control plane overload.
3.1.2. Support for FA-LSP Attributes Inheritance
 When a FA TE Link is advertised, its parameters are inherited from
 the parameters of the FA-LSP, and specific inheritance rules are
 applied.
 This relies on local procedures and policies and is out of the scope
 of GMPLS protocols. Note that this requires that both head-end and
 tail-end of the FA-LSP are driven by same policies.
3.1.3. FA-LSP Connectivity Verification
 Once fully provisioned, FA-LSP liveliness may be achieved by
 verifying its data plane connectivity.
 FA-LSP connectivity verification relies on technology specific
 mechanisms (e.g., for SDH using G.707 and G.783; for MPLS using BFD;
 etc.) as for any other LSP. Hence this requirement is out of the
 scope of GMPLS protocols.
3.2. Specific Aspects for Multi-Region Networks
3.2.1. Support for Multi-Region Signaling
 There are actually several cases where a transit node could choose
 between multiple SCs to be used for a lower region FA-LSP:
 - ERO expansion with loose hops: The transit node has to expand the
 path, and may have to select among a set of lower region SCs.
 - Multi-SC TE link: When the ERO of a FA LSP, included in the ERO of
 an upper region LSP, comprises a multi-SC TE-link, the region
 border node has to select among these SCs.
 Existing GMPLS signalling procedures does do not allow solving this
 ambiguous choice of SC that may be used along a given path.
 Hence an extension to GMPLS signalling has to be defined to indicate
 the SC(s) that can be used and the SC(s) that cannot be used along
 the path.
3.2.2. Advertisement of Internal Adaptation Capabilities Adjustment Capacities
 In the MRN context, nodes supporting more than one switching
 capability on at least one interface are called Hybrid nodes ([MLN-
 REQ]). Hybrid Conceptually, hybrid nodes contain can be viewed as containing at
 least two distinct switching elements
 that are interconnected by internal
 links to which provide adaptation adjustment between the supported switching
 capabilities. These internal links have finite capacities and must be
 taken into account when computing the path of a multi-region TE-LSP.
 The advertisement of the internal
 adaptation capability adjustment capacities is required as it
 provides critical information when performing multi-region path
 computation.
 The term adjustment capacity refers to the property of a hybrid node
 to interconnect different switching capabilities it provides though
 its external interfaces [MLN-REQ]. This information allows path
 computation to select an end-to-end multi-region path that includes
 links of different switching capabilities that are joined by LSRs
 that can adapt the signal between the links.
 Figure 1a below shows an example of hybrid node. The hybrid node has
 two switching elements (matrices), which support here TDM and PSC
 switching respectively. The node terminates has two PSC and TDM ports (port1 and
 port2 respectively). It also has internal link connecting the two
 switching elements.
 The two switching elements are internally interconnected in such a
 way that it is possible to terminate some of the resources of the TDM
 port 2 and provide through them adaptation adjustment for PSC traffic,
 received/sent over the internal PSC interface (#b). Two ways are
 possible to set up PSC LSPs (port 1 or port 2). Available resources
 advertisement e.g. Unreserved and Min/Max LSP Bandwidth should cover
 both ways.
 Network element
 .............................
 : -------- :
 PSC : | PSC | :
 Port1-------------<->---|#a | :
 : +--<->---|#b | :
 : | -------- :
 TDM
 : | ---------- :
 +PSC
 TDM : +--<->--|#c TDM | :
 Port2 ------------<->--|#d | :
 : ---------- :
 :............................
 Figure 1a. Hybrid node.
 Port 1 and Port 2 can be grouped together thanks to internal DWDM, to
 result in a single interface: Link 1. This is illustrated in figure
 1b below.
 Network element
 .............................
 : -------- :
 : | PSC | :
 : | | :
 : --|#a | :
 : | | #b | :
 : | -------- :
 : | | :
 : | ---------- :
 : /| | | #c | :
 : | |-- | | :
 Link1 ========| | | TDM | :
 : | |----|#d | :
 : \| ---------- :
 :...


Ghost Recon Wildlands Wiki
Ghost Recon Wildlands Wiki
The various Factions in Ghost Recon Wildlands.
The Bolivia depicted in Ghost Recon Wildlands is ruled by a corrupt government that has recruited the Unidad force to control the population and suppress any signs of revolt. As a trained military force, they exert their authority with violence and impunity. To face them, local Bolivians have started a rebel movement: the Kataris 26. Led by the charismatic Pac Katari, a natural-born warrior who believes in the force of nature and the balance between good and evil, they fight for the freedom of their people. In the middle of this war, the Civilians try to survive.
List Of Factions
See Also


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Side Effects of Baytril: What You Need to Know.
September 5, 2013
"Side Effects of Baytril: What You Need to Know"
As is known about the famous medication, Baytril for Dogs, this antibiotic is the ideal solution to most of the infections that tend to affect your darling pets. Believe it or not but the medicine is used to treat a number of afflictions that affect the respiratory, urinary and digestive systems of your pet dogs. Apart from this Baytril is also used to treat open wounds since it kills pathogens that infect the wounds. Baytril antibiotic basically belongs to the family of fluoroquinolones and is very effective against a number of diseases however it is a chemical none the less that requires first hand prescription.
Side Effects of Baytril for Dogs
 1. Digestion: Some of the common side effects of an antibiotic that you can observe are the lack of hunger, vomiting and nausea. There is irregular bowel movements, prolonged diarrhea, additional upset stomach which consists of a diminished appetite. In case Baytril side effects of dogs are very frequent then you should get your animal checked at the vet.
 2. Fatigue: Dogs that are treated with Baytril antibiotic often suffer from exhaustion leading to excessive hours of sleep. This unusual fatigue witnessed is another one of Baytril side effects of dogs due to which your pet will sleep for longer durations. There is less interest or enthusiasm for fun and games which is rare in case of hyper animals.
 3. Nervous System: One of the most severe Baytril side effects of dogs is the impact of seizures. There is great imbalance in the body language of your pet dog which reflects poor coordination of muscles and brain cells. Involuntary spasms should be expected in case you've given your dog Baytril antibiotics.
 4. Cartilage Lesions: One of the general symptoms often seen while using Baytril for Dogs is the impairment of joint cartilages. The cartilage is a part of the body which happens to be fleshy, tough and a protective sheathe around the joints. It controls flexibility in the animal however cartilage lesion leads to body pain, swelling of joints and affects walking capacity of the animal.baytril for dogs16
 5. Optical Senses: A major symptom you'll come across while discussing the side effects of Baytril for Dogs is the loss of vision. Rare as it is, this particular symptom affects cats mostly and decreases the optical sensory cells due to which muscle coordination diminishes. This leads to either complete loss of vision or temporary impairment. It may also reduce the animal's capacity to concentrate and can affect their instinctive abilities.
If you're administering your pet dog with Baytril then there are certain safety precautions you should follow. By going to a vet and getting a prescribed document for purchasing the right dosage is very necessary if you don't want your animal to suffer from chronic disorders in the future. Baytril is highly effective so long as you use it in the right manner!
Category: Baytril For Dogs
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[Each month we feature a "creator" or one of the SHC's manuscript collections. In archival terms, a creator is defined as an individual, group, or organization that is responsible for a collection's production, accumulation, or formation.]
John Charles Campbell and Olive D. Campbell were missionary teachers in Appalachian Tennessee, Kentucky, Georgia, North Carolina, and Alabama at the turn of the 20th Century. John Campbell received a research grant from the Russell Sage Foundation to study the mountain regions of the South in 1909 and soon became an expert on the economic and social conditions of the Appalachians. He was secretary of Southern Highland Division of the Russell Sage Foundation in Asheville, N.C.; author of the Foundation's survey of conditions in the Southern Appalachians; and organizer of the Conference of Southern Mountain Workers.
His wife, Olive Dame Campbell (_PHONE_) traveled with her husband; founded and directed the John C. Campbell Folk School and related cooperatives at Brasstown, N.C.; and participated in the formation of the Southern Highland Craft Guild. While working with her husband, she collected mountain ballads and, after his death in 1919, prepared the report of his survey for publication.
Their collection gives a good look into life in Appalachia in the early 20th century. Of particular interest, at least to me, are the volumes and the photographs. Olive Campbell kept diaries of her trips to locations in Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Kentucky. In these diaries, she describes things such as the kinds of food she ate, the houses she went into, and the people that she met.
The photographs are divided into two groups: loose photographs and photograph albums. The loose photographs are primarily images of John Campbell, Olive Campbell, and their families, as well as pictures of their students, their school, and trips that they took. The photograph albums have pictures of Appalachian mountain scenery, students at the Campbell's schools, and people both at work and at leisure. In PA-3800/8, there is a "Photo-essay on illicit distilling operations in Kentucky, North Carolina, and Tennessee."
The John Charles Campbell and Olive D. Campbell Papers are collection number 3800 in the Southern Historical Collection.


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Transitioning from a design for prototypes to a robust design suitable for manufacturing processes is a crucial step in the device development process. Effective Design for Manufacturing (DFM) of complex catheters can significantly improve manufacturing efficiency, quality, and product performance while decreasing costs and time-to-market.
How to Apply Design for Manufacturing to Complex Catheters
- Identify Manufacturing Processes: Review the assembly processes for the prototype and identify any inefficiencies, risks for errors, and other opportunities for improvement. Determine the ideal, tried-and-true manufacturing processes to produce the catheter, whenever possible. The processes to be changed will depend on the current prototype assembly methods and manufacturing needs; however, common changes include 3D printing to injection molding; adhesive bonding to welding or mechanical locking; material selection for process compatibility, availability, or cost; and manual assembly to automated assembly methods.
- DFM Planning: Develop a plan to transition to the more robust manufacturing processes including timelines, budgets, resources, and key performance indicators. Prioritize the DFM changes that would otherwise require design verification testing to be repeated, e.g. material selection before automated assembly with robots. Also consider the low hanging fruit, i.e. the impactful changes that are relatively easy and low risk to implement.
- First Articles: Produce first articles of the device using the DFM changes selected. These first articles can help you evaluate the effectiveness of the DFM or fix any issues.
- Design Verification. Once the new DFM has been implemented with the materials and processes that will be used for the commercial product, conduct design verification testing to confirm that the updated DFM meets all performance requirements.
- Process Validations: Provide comprehensive training to ensure that employees are fully prepared to operate and maintain the equipment and processes, implement quality control measures, and validate the processes. Consistently manufacturing a high-quality design is essential to the success of any new medical device.
- Monitor performance: After the manufacturing processes are implemented, monitor performance to ensure that you maintain design for manufacturing best practices. Continuously evaluate and refine the manufacturing process (and product design, if necessary) to streamline performance.
If your design or manufacturing process is more complex, or if you're producing a large volume of the device, you'll want to begin the design for manufacturing process as soon as possible. Changes to design become much more costly as development progresses and product quantities increase, and any repeat of design verification testing (necessary with most material and process changes) can be expensive and delay time-to-market.
That said, confidence in the product viability in the market is critical before investing heavily in equipment, tooling, and process development. Strategically evaluating the product and how it's made at every stage of the process will smooth out the transition to manufacturing the device. An expert partner can help you navigate this process, creating medical device designs ideally suited for your state of development, including manufacturing, and making their own production facilities and capabilities available to you.
Looking for a partner to bring your new medical device to life? Contact Medical Murray to get started.
By Tanner Hargens


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A Political Chronology of the World
Routledge – 2010 – 996 pages
A Political Chronology of the World is a major new publication which gives an impartial record of the political, geographical and economic events that have helped to shape world history.
Although the book includes greater coverage of more recent events—particularly in countries with a recent history of political upheaval—it also provides invaluable detail on the early history of each nation. Each chronology begins at least as early as the emergence of an entity resembling the modern nation, and in many cases considerably earlier.
In addition to coverage of purely political events, the title also includes details of the principal economic, cultural and social landmarks in the history of each nation. Examples might include the adoption of new languages, alphabets, calendars or religions. This volume aims to be the first point of reference for concise information on the history of each nation in the world.
Organized with a chapter for each country in the world, contents include:


text:
High-Powered Blending FAQ
Here are some of the top Frequently Asked Questions about High Powered Blending. If you have a question not listed here, please contact us.
- What is the difference between a high-powered blender and a regular blender?
Technically a high-power blender has more power and speed to rotate its blade compared to other blender appliances. Most household blenders are typically 500 to 750 watts, anything greater could be referred to as high powered. However, most blenders that are marketed as high-powered blenders, have power specifications more than 1000 watts, and higher values are marketed as better with more capabilities than an ordinary blender.
Examples of premium high-powered / high-speed blender models
- Blendtec Blenders: Motor: 1560 to 1800 watts
- Vitamix Ascent Series: Motor: 1440 watts
- Ninja Professional, Motor: 1100-Watts.
- How does a high-powered blending benefit me?
The higher power and RPMs make blending Easier, Faster, and can blend more types of challenging blend ingredients than an average powered kitchen blender or immersion blender. The higher power and speed enable doing blend tasks that are simply too difficult or impossible for lower powered blending equipment. For example, one of the most challenging ingredients for a blender to do is ice, frozen fruit & vegetables. These ingredients are common to making the most popular blended food: SMOOTHIES! Bottom line, if you want to make smoothies and or other challenging ingredient blends and it is important to have it done well (smooth), with ease and efficiency, then you will appreciate the difference and experience you'd get with high powered blending.
- Why is high powered blending easier?
It is easier, because there is less need for food prep time and strategizing how to make it lower power / lower speed blender friendly. Consider for example a lowered powered blender with a task to blend the challenging ingredients in a collard green smoothie with some frozen mango, banana and berries. To attempt this, you may need to cut ingredients like the frozen mango cubes into smaller pieces, cut the frozen banana small slices and dice your collard greens, to help it blend and /or modify the recipe by adding more liquid as well. All this prepping adds up to less ease and more work to get the blend done.
- Why is high powered blending faster?
It is faster, for two reasons.
- Reason One: Less time required to prepare foods for blending. I know we just covered this with ease, but it applies to the fastness as well. With a high-powered blender, ingredients can be put in larger and often whole (skin, seeds and all if you like) with much less food prep time.
- Reason Two: The high-powered motor can rotate its blade in tougher blends, and at a faster rotation, also referred to as: Rotations Per Minute (RPM). This means it gets the blending work done faster.
- What does a high-powered blender do that your average blender cannot?
Typically, a high-powered blender is a premium product and will be designed with better quality materials, technology, features, functions as well as blade and blending jar that are superior to the lesser powered / lower speed types. These other components of the blender play a part in overall performance. However just from the perspective of the higher power and higher speed technical specification, it can blend more challenging ingredients and recipes.
Consider the following examples.
- Blend Hot Soups without a stove – High power + high speed = hot smooth blends like soups, sauces and gravies made right in the blender jar. No need to transfer to a stove top. Although preprogrammed buttons are not needed, some high powered / high speed blending models offer extra functionality such as preprogrammed cycles, which may include a soup blend cycle so that you can blend your hot soups while attending to other things in your kitchen. So, if your yearning to enjoy some fresh hot blender soup recipes, or other hot blends that you can make completely in your blender, a high-powered blending appliance may be a better choice for you.
- Blend Cold Frozen Treats in Seconds – With a high-powered blender you can make ice cream, fruit sorbet and other frozen recipes. Frozen ingredients are one of the most challenging ingredients that requires power to blend and speed to get it done fast. This means it gives you the option of a soft serve ice cream straight from your blender and you are not limited to the type that is made with less challenging ingredients, that is a liquid blend which must be transferred to your freezer for a few hours or so to set.
- Takes the role of other kitchen appliances by doing things like: Grind Coffee, Seeds and Spices, aswell as mill grains into flours, powders and more.
- Blends the extra thick and challenging smooth - There are tasks that require more power and speed to get the blend recipe done. If you want a blend done super fast and smooth and it has challenging ingredients, then high powered blending may be the only option, or at least if it is to be done well. Think extra thick blends like nut butters, humus, batters and dough or even just that smoothie bowl recipe loaded thick with tasty healthy goodness. Bottom line, if you want to be blending anything challenging, done better, smoother and faster, a high speed / high powered blender is the appliance of choice.
- Can I get a high-powered blender with glass jar?
No. Premium manufacturers of high speed / high power blender manufacturers like Blendtec and Vitamix, choose not to offer glass jar containers. And show no intention to offer it in the future. Instead both use a strong, light, poly material called Eastman Tritan copolyester – a clear, durable plastic. The safety of the blender jar material has been reviewed independently and approved safe by regulatory agencies such as: Health Canada, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, European Food Safety Authority, China's Ministry of Health and Japan's Hygienic Olefin and Styrene Plastics Association.
- What is the best high-powered blender for 2018?
The answer is it depends. Simply put, the best blender for you may not be the same as your friends or family. Why? This is because among the top premium quality brands and latest models there are differences in design, features, function, colour finish (to suit your kitchen and or personal style) and price that will make one more suitable for your needs and preferences.
- To quickly see top differences in design and realize what your preferences are, check out this Blender Buyers Guide.
- Also, if you seek only the best in the blender industry leaders are the Blendtec and Vitamix blenders.


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A creative relationship between multiple people that goes beyond a single outcome.
As today's relationships, romantic and otherwise, are changing with the increased visibility
and information access through social media platforms, so too are collaborations. This
project proposes a rethinking of the term collaboration as a "creative relationship". Viewing
a collaboration as a creative relationship means consent, appreciation, curiosity and dialogue
can be shared under a new light.
Polycreative is a concept that showcases a different way of approaching collaborations as creative
relationships with multiple people working together both physically and virtually. This project
focuses on representing and celebrating these relationships through cake. In three main stages,
design and process is influenced by different creative individuals in terms of form, function,
visualisation, etc. For Polycreative, the final outcomes become secondary, the primary aspect
is the communication, the many different media used, and the different emotional experiences
had. How much influence does one creative have in the different stages of a process? How are
ideas and concepts shared across long distances? And how does the final representation reflect
Five different creative relationship scenarios were conducted with several designers; creative
exchange, dialogue and symbiosis were recorded at each stage, thereby showing different creative
pathways and ways of working explored in a creative relationship. In this example, I was the initiator,
facilitator and maker of the cakes, which were the connective medium. My primary creatives were
designers who were asked to each design and make a cake stand, the secondary creatives were
designers who were asked to create new eating rituals in reaction to a specific cake and stand.
Another level of creatives contributed their skills through photography, cinematography, technical
support and performance.
Film Direction & Editing


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WHO-AIMS - General Information
WHO report on mental health systems of selected lowand middle-income countries
What is WHO-AIMS?
The World Health Organization Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems (WHO-AIMS) is a new WHO tool for collecting essential information on the mental health system of a country or region. The goal of collecting this information is to improve mental health systems and to provide a baseline for monitoring the change. For the purpose of WHO-AIMS, a mental health system is defined as all the activities whose primary purpose is to promote, restore or maintain mental health. WHO-AIMS is primarily intended for assessing mental health systems in low and middle income countries, but is also a valuable assessment tool for high resource countries. Please click below for the WHO-AIMS instrument and supporting documentation.
Note: Great care has been taken to ensure the reliability of the data presented in the WHO-AIMS country reports. Data for WHO-AIMS are collected by a team led by a focal point within the country and are, in most cases, approved by the Ministry of Health. However, since WHO is not directly responsible for the data collection, WHO cannot independently verify the accuracy of any of the data presented in these reports.
WHO-AIMS Instrument, Version 2.2
WHO-AIMS Country Reports
WHO report on mental health systems in the Caribbean region
This report offers a comparative study of sixteen countries and territories from the Caribbean Region, where the WHO-AIMS was implemented in collaboration between Ministries of Health, PAHO/WHO representations and Regional Office, and the WHO Department for Mental Health and Substance Abuse. The challenges that presents a region with limited mental health resources are many, as many are the answers that most of the members of this region have encountered to overcome the difficulties, by introducing innovative services and modalities of care. Comparing results among countries and territories could contribute to identify weaknesses and strengths for the improvement of mental health systems in the region.
WHO report on mental health systems in Central America and Dominican Republic
Between 2005 and 2007 the six Central American countries and the Dominican Republic used the WHO-AIMS to assess their mental health systems. The Ministries of Health in each country agreed to participate in this study and all were actively involved in the implementation. The PAHO/WHO representation in the countries, the PAHO/WHO regional Unit of Mental Health, and the WHO Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse provided technical support throughout the process. This report summarizes the results of the assessments in these seven countries. This report identifies the major mental health limitations and problems faced by this sub region and outlines the progress made in the past few years. The report also shows that it is feasible and sometimes desirable to reorganize a country's mental health services.
WHO report on mental health systems in South America
Eight (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay) of the ten South American countries conducted in the period 2006-2008 the evaluation of their mental health systems. The evaluation was made possible by the joint effort of country-based institutions, the mental health program of the regional office of PAHO/WHO, including its sub-regional office and PAHO country representations, and WHO headquarters. This is a consolidated document which enables the reader to have access to information both to the status of the six domains covered by the evaluation and, especially, to compare facts and figures among countries. Mental heath stakeholders could profit from the report for purposes of advocacy and program planning purported to upgrade the system in compliance with Member-State Resolutions adopted in three different sessions (1997, 2001 and 2009) of the governing bodies of PAHO/WHO. This report is for the moment available in Spanish only.
How can WHO-AIMS help to improve mental health systems?
The implementation of WHO-AIMS can generate information on strengths and weaknesses to facilitate improvement in mental health services. WHO-AIMS will enable countries to develop information-based mental health plans with clear base-line information and targets. It will also be useful to monitor progress in implementing reform policies, providing community services, and involving users, families and other stakeholders in mental health promotion, prevention, care and rehabilitation.
Which countries are participating in the project?
Over 100 countries are currently participating in the WHO-AIMS project.


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How long was the ultrasound-related portion of your trip? We were in Panama for 4 weeks in June. We primarily did clinical work and research, but we did do a cardiovascular ultrasound research study and assisted with ultrasound scans on pregnant patients all 4 weeks.
How many UCI medical students were a part of your team? 7
Did you conduct ultrasound research? If so, what type?
We conducted one study in which we gave patients a questionnaire regarding their cardiovascular risk factors, then performed a scan of both common carotid arteries to look for atherosclerosis. In addition, we were trained on doing the ROUTE obstetric ultrasound exam, which we performed on quite a few pregnant women while we were there, even finding a case of molar pregnancy and a case of placenta previa.
How many abstracts did your group (in total) submit to the World Congress in Ultrasound Medical Education Conference in Salem, NC this year? 1
Which other conferences did your group submit abstracts to?
We will be submitting abstracts to ASCRS and ARVO for our opthalmological study. In addition we'll be submitting abstracts to conferences for our TB research study.
What types of clinical activities did you participate in aside from ultrasound?
Besides the studies mentioned above, we were heavily involved in clinic work by conducting intake interviews, taking vitals, providing translation for medical professionals, and assisting in history-taking and physical examinations.
SCUBA diving, sunrise volcano hikes, island hopping, relaxing on the beach, drinking pina coladas, swimming in the bioluminescent ocean
Describe trip in one sentence: Fun AND Functional!
Recommendations for those going to the same place next summer: You have to be adaptable and prepared for really difficult working/living conditions, especially on multi-day clinics. But going through these experiences with your team and with other med students and professionals from around the world is part of what makes the Panama trip so special!
Team Zotfunder: _URL_


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In this article, the topic, "boiler pressure and hot water" with some several facts with relation will be summarized in a brief manner.
In the heating system the boiler pressure is accurately depend upon its manufacturing design although the experts are suggest the ideal boiler pressure inside a heating system is in between 1.0 bar to 2.0 bars. The boiler pressure of a heating system is increases when heating a room or hot water provided.
So, boiler pressure and hot water is depending with each other. The hot water of the heating system is circulated with the help of radiator when the boiler pressure stays at the appropriate ranges especially in the case of when they are from different floors.
When the heating system is circulating the hot water in this case the boiler pressure should not exceed to the range of 3 bars. Sometimes the low pressure can be stop the hot water, so we should always looked upon this reasons.
Does boiler pressure affect hot water?
Yes, the boiler pressure affects hot water to the heating system. If the water of the heating system is not enough hot, then behind of it the reason is the low boiler pressure is affecting the hot water temperature. Especially for the case of combination boiler the boiler pressure can affecting hot water.
The main advantage of the combination boiler is it borders the local options for increasing water pressure. For the case of conventional boiler system a pump can be attached to the boiler to increases the pressure but for the combination boiler attaching a pump in the heating system is impossible just because of the combination boiler takes the water from the mains directly.
How does boiler pressure affect hot water?
If the tank of the heating system is fills in a short time period then the pressure of the boiler will be increases in a short time period, the water of the system will take in the tank also in a short time period.
So, this incident indicates that the lower temperature water will get over the hot water and drive to a smaller fit out of hot water as per required.
If the boiler pressure of the heating system is higher compare to the normal pressure in this case leakage changes in the system is increases. In the other hand if the boiler pressure is too low compare to the normal then the heating system could perform well. The boiler pressure if stand by the 1 bar to 1.5 bar then the system can work easily without facing any problem.
Will hot water work if boiler pressure is low?
The role of the boiler pressure is very important to the heating system. Higher than 2.5 bar pressure of the boiler consider as very high pressure in the other hand lower than 1 bar pressure of the boiler consider as very low pressure.
No, in the heating system hot water could not effectively if the boiler pressure faller too low. If the manometer shows the pressure of the boiler lower than the 1 bar that's mean system facing low boiler pressure and hot water could not circulate to the heating system properly.
On the front section the heating system a pressure gauge is situated. Several times heating system can carry hydraulic pressure gauge in this case a red colour portion of the dial is pointed the lower pressure and higher pressure. In this way easily the boiler pressure of the heating system can be check.
Ways of identify the higher of boiler pressure:-
The ways of identify the higher of boiler pressure in the heating system are listed below,
- If the heating system is turned off in that case the higher of boiler pressure in the heating system can be observe.
- If the dial of the pressure gauge is suddenly reach to the red zone or increases continuously, this incident also indicate the higher of boiler pressure in the heating system.
- If the filling valve of the left is opened or not sealed properly then boiler pressure increases near about 3 bars to the heating system.
- If accidentally excess amount of water is added to the heating system, this case also had proven the incident of higher of boiler pressure to the heating system.
Does boiler need pressure for hot water?
Yes, boiler needs pressure for the hot water. Boiler pressure has a very important role for the hot water. With the help of boiler pressure the heating system start to warm up cold water which is flows through a circuit of radiators and tube work via home.
In case for the combination boiler the boiler pressure is controlled by a filling loop. The filling loop is attached in the combination boiler to the water pipe of the heating system.
Does combi boiler need pressure for hot water?
A combination boiler is variation of boiler which can provide both central heating and hot water in the similar system. The combination boiler can be work for 15 years.
Yes, the combi or combination boiler needs pressure for hot water. The small size of the combi boiler is not required a huge space to install. Combi boiler is trust full on dynamic water pressure from the mains.
Question: – Does the low pressure of the heating system can stop the supply of hot water?
Solution: – Yes, the low pressure of the heating system can stop the supply of hot water.
Low pressure can be appearing for the reason of less amount of hot water in the heating system. The heating system can be work properly when the pressure stays at the range between 1 bar to 1.5 bars. The range easily can be observed via a gauge which term is manometer. The manometer is present in the heating system from where the supplies pipes are emitted.
Boiler pressure and hot water has a very close relationship in the heating system. If hot water can circulate in the heating system in a perfect way without facing any problem then the pressure of the boiler stays at the accurately and boiler can gives a right amount of work efficiency which is directly depend upon the manufacturing level in the industrial field.


text:
Soldering a socket on your board
The wiki is being retired!
Documentation is now handled by the same processes we use for code: Add something to the Documentation/ directory in the coreboot repo, and it will be rendered to _URL_ Contributions welcome!
Mainboards where the BIOS chip is soldered onto the board (and not in a socket) are usually problematic for coreboot developers and especially users, as one incorrectly flashed image will render the board unusable.
- A board with soldered-on (PLCC) socket
- Soldering iron
- A PLCC socket (SMD type)
- Desoldering station or heat gun
- Take a picture of the board and ROM chip. You might need that later in order to add the socket in the correct orientation.


Quick Answer: What Does It Mean I'Ll PM You?
How can you tell if someone has a secret conversation on Messenger?
You are able to have both a normal Facebook messenger conversation as well as a Secret Conversation with the same person.
How can I send a private message?
Is 11 59 pm noon or midnight?
12-hour clock12-hour24-hour11:00 p.m.23:0011:59 p.m.23:59Midnight (end of day) or shown as start of next day24:00^ Jump up to: a b See: §Confusion at noon and midnight8 more rows
What does DM mean in slang?
direct messageDM stands for direct message, or a private message with a person on social media, especially Twitter.
Is PM on Facebook the same as messenger?
There are times when you are using Facebook that you might want to send a message directly to one or more of your friends. This is often known as DM (direct message) or PM (Private Message) as it goes directly to the person (or persons) you address it to and not onto your timeline.
Can you PM someone on facebook without being friends?
You can send a message to anyone on Facebook, regardless of friend status or privacy settings. The only exception applies to members you've blocked and those who've blocked you. Filtering preferences may inadvertently cause messages to go unseen, even though they have been delivered.
What is BBJ?
BBJ stands for "Bare Blow Job"
How do I send a private text message?
Texting anonymouslyGo to the anonymoustext.com website.Choose how you want the sender to appear on the recipient's device. … Type in the phone number of the recipient. … Enter the message you wish to send.Select whether you want to send it now or at a later date.Click continue.Pay for your text.
What does it mean to PM someone?
A personal message, private message (PM), direct message (DM), or personal chat (PC) is a private communication channel between users on any given platform.
What does pm stand for sexually?
Definitions include: Private Pee Message means someone that is Private Messaging a person, but they are not being serious with the person they are Private Messaging. Example: privates.
How do I read a PM on Facebook?
Is it am or am grammar?
What does I'll pm you mean?
I will private message you"I will private message you" "pmprivate message.
What is a PM on Facebook?
in Facebook, Marketing & Tech, Social media. You've probably seen people using the abbreviation term PM to define personal or private messages. It's a quick mode to interact with other people, and this type of communication results in the transmission of a message only the recipient can read.
What does 39 mean sexually?
Are messages on messenger private?
What is full name of PM?
The full form of PM is Post Meridiem. PM denotes post-midday period. It is another unit of the convention time which is associated with the 12-hour clock.
How do I know AM or PM?
What's the difference between DM and PM?
DM stands for direct message. PM stands for private message. … You can send a direct message to someone that you aren't friends with, but it will go into a separate section of their message box—making it more likely that they won't even see it—let alone read it.
What is PM short for?
PM or pm (also written P.M. or p.m.) is an abbreviation for Latin post meridiem, meaning "after noon" in the 12-hour clock.


Chen Jingrun–Do You Really Know About the Giant (1)
Quantum Han's Forum
This time, let's talk about math; exactly speaking, a mathematician.
My favorite things in this world are math and physics. Today, I cannot wait to share with you some stories of Chen Jingrun, considered by many to be one of the greatest Chinese mathematicians.
What makes me a little outraged is that most people, including many Chinese people, who have heard of his name, think of him as a nerd who knows nothing except math. Why do people think like that? I have been wondering about this and learning about his stories, and I still cannot discover the cause. Perhaps because of the distortion of some of his stories during the Cultural Revolution? Probably most people cannot understand why a person can be so passionate, enduring, persistent, patient, frugal, and kind. Probably they cannot understand what motivated him to dedicate his whole lifetime to only one conundrum-The Goldbach Conjecture, one…
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Author: mathtuition88
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Thursday, April 20, 2017
Barnegat Before Bayocean
When T.B. Potter created Bayocean Park in 1907 (see The Bayocean Story In Brief) he imagined it becoming a Pacific Coast version of Atlantic City. As it turns out, Potter wasn't the first person to be reminded of east coast beaches by the spit.
Photos of Webley and Mary are from the
Tillamook County Pioneer Museum
Webley Hauxhurst was the first white settler on the mainland section of Bayocean Park, now known as Cape Meares. The Dictionary of Oregon History says Webley moved there from Salem with his Yamhill Indian wife Mary (Wat-Tiet ) and their four youngest children in 1867 because it reminded him of Long Island, New York, where he grew up. He filed Homestead Claim # 843. The patent was eventually granted to Mary after Webley died in 1874.
In the fall of 1948, Jack Medcalf, a Salem artist and teacher, who was a native of Tillamook, built a small cabin on Bayocean by himself and lived there through the winter. His writings of that experience are held by the Tillamook County Pioneer Museum. Jack seemed to enjoy listening to Mrs. Mitchell talk about the Bayocean she knew back in 1907. She told him the area was then known as Barnegat, which meant "place of peace" and that "Webley Hauxhurst built his house down near the cape with a view of both the ocean and the bay through the meadows...that it was a large house, sprawling out but two stories. A large fireplace was of rock mortised with clay obtained in the banks of the bay over by Pitcher Point."
Cropped from the survey map published in Cape Meares And Its Sentinel by Clara
M. Fairfield and M. Wayne Jensen, Jr. (2000, Tillamook County Pioneer Museum)
In June 1886, US Army Corps of Engineers Captain Charles F. Powell surveyed the area near Cape Meares in preparation for building the lighthouse. He showed the "Hoxie" house about 3/4 mile north of the cape. This places it at the south edge of Bayocean Park, halfway between today's Bayocean Park Rd. and Pacific Ave about 1000' off the modern dune ridgeline. Perhaps you stand under it as you chase the retreating waves on low tide. Note Henry Sampson's house also shown. It's most likely the smaller house still standing up close to the cape in the photo in my story on the Steinhilber house sliding to the sea in 1899.
A.B.Hallock: OrHi 9824
Oregon Historical Society
Portland builder and civic leader A.B Hallock began visiting the spit just before Webley died (Absolom Hallock papers, Mss 92, Oregon Historical Society), retired there at the end of 1880, and filed Homestead Claim # 2517, which included what would eventually become the heart of Bayocean Park. Hallock built a cabin at the south end of his claim, on the bay side of the spit, just north of what would later be called "Jackson Gap." He reported "Ben Hoxie" herding cattle past his place on a regular basis and seemed fond of Mary who he visited regularly. Journal entries in Mss 92 indicate neighbors were getting their mail at Hallock's cabin by 1890, which he'd pick up for them on occasional trips to Hoquarton (later called Lincoln, finally Tillamook). The June 12, 1891Tillamook Headlight announced: "Capt. Hallock has received his commission as postmaster at Barnegat." On August 27 they reported Barnegat locals paying George Handley (grandson of Daniel Bayley who founded Garibaldi) to deliver the mail each Monday until the U.S. Postal Service established a contract.
Homestead Land Claim map pre-Bayocean, scribbles by author
In Oregon Geographic Names Lewis A. McArthur discredited reports that Hallock had named the post office after a childhood home on New Jersey's Barnegat Bay because he found no mention of this in Hallock's journal. He attributed the naming to Thomas Sutherland who claimed to have dubbed the alcove nearby as Barnegat Bay prior to Hallock's arrival. However, all newspaper referenced to the area called it "the spit" until the post office was established.
When Hallock died in 1892 his duties were transferred to Mrs. Bert Biggs according to McArthur, who noted that she was one of Webley Hauxhurst's daughter. Bigg's Homestead Claim # 3471 surrounded Pitcher Point, explaining why the coordinates provided by and other websites refer to that location. The name of the post office was changed to Bayocean in 1909, but the 1910 Federal Census still used Barnegat to identify the precinct.
To find stories about the earlier use of the spit by Tillamook Indians, and its exploration by earlier white men, see the Index page.