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Argyresthia thoracella is a moth of the family Yponomeutidae. It is found in the United States including Oklahoma,[1] Arizona, Nevada and eastern California.[2]
Argyresthia thoracella
Argyresthia thoracella.JPG
Wing
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Yponomeutidae
Genus: Argyresthia
Species: A. thoracella
Binomial name
Argyresthia thoracella
Busck, 1907
The wingspan is about 9 mm. The forewings are silvery pearly white with light golden markings. The hindwings are whitish gray.[3]
The larvae feed on juniper species.
ReferencesEdit


text:
Gamers now have the perfect excuse to sit in front of their computers all day - they can perform a public service.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, have designed an online game that aims to harness players' brainpower to help make websites more accessible to blind people.
Visually impaired people often use text-to-speech converters called screen readers to listen to the content of web pages spoken by a synthesised voice. However, the pictures on most websites remain inaccessible because very few have detailed captions to accurately describe them.
The online game "Phetch", which will be made available at _URL_ is designed to encourage other web users to generate these missing captions. Played in groups of three to five people, it randomly assigns the role of "describer" to one player; the rest become "seekers".
Seek and find
The game then serves up a randomly chosen website image to the describer, who has to write a pithy short paragraph about it. The words are then sent to the seekers, who use search engines to hunt down the correct picture on the web. The first seeker to find the image becomes the describer in the next round.
If the describer's description is good enough to lead the seekers to the picture, it is stored as a caption for that image. If not, the attempt is discarded.
"We hope to collect captions for every image on the web," says Shiry Ginosar, a member of the Phetch team. In tests, 130 players generated 1400 captions over the course of a week. At this rate, she says, just 5000 people could annotate all the pictures indexed by Google Images in just 10 months.
But Ginosar admits getting web designers the world over to use the better captions may be tricky. "We are just concerned about gathering caption data right now," she says.
Julie Howell from the UK's Royal National Institute for the Blind says the game addresses a pressing issue. "The web is a great resource but as it becomes more picture-led and graphical it should not become less accessible for the blind," she told New Scientist. "It's true that many pictures are simply uncaptioned or just have a filename."
The CMU team previously developed another game "Peekaboom" to help improve image recognition algorithms. This game involves two players: the first must reveal key parts of an image to the second person, who must try to guess what is being revealed. The theory is that players will reveal the most important parts of an image first. This could help computers better identify unfamiliar images by focusing on the most significant features.
If you would like to reuse any content from New Scientist, either in print or online, please contact the syndication department first for permission. New Scientist does not own rights to photos, but there are a variety of licensing options available for use of articles and graphics we own the copyright to.
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source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


How to find elements in List in Flutter
October 16, 2022 No comments flutter find elements list dart
Introduction
In Flutter/Dart, there are situations when we need to find elements in a List. In this post, we'll look at how to do it.
How to find elements in List in Flutter
In Flutter/Dart we have several methods that allow us to find element/elements in a List.
Using contains() method to check if a list contains an element or not
var list = [0, 1, 2, 3];
print(list.contains(2)); // true
print(list.contains(4)); // false
The output:
true
false
Using theindexOf() method to find the index of the first occurrence of an element
var list = [0, 1, 2, 3];
print(list.indexOf(2)); // 2
The output:
2
Using lastIndexOf() method to find the index of last occurence of an element
var list = [0, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 0];
print(list.lastIndexOf(0)); // 6
The output:
6
Using theindexWhere() method to find the index of the first element that matches a specific condition
var list = [0, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 0];
print(list.indexWhere((item) => item > 1)); // 2
The output:
2
Using thelastIndexWhere() method to find the index of the last element that matches given condition
var list = [0, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 0];
print(list.lastIndexWhere((item) => item > 1)); // 4
The output:
4
Conclusion
In this article, we presented several ways to find element/elements in a list in Flutter/Dart.
Check more valuable articles about Lists in Flutter:
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text:
BUYERS of the new Rolls-Royce Ghost can add a new, illuminated facia to their luxury motor.
Developed over the course of two years and more than 10,000 hours, the Illuminated Facia brings an ethereal glowing Ghost nameplate surrounded by more than 850 stars into the interior suite of new Ghost.
Located on the passenger side of the dashboard, the constellation and wordmark are completely invisible when the car is not in operation. The new bespoke facia subtly echoes the Starlight Headliner, which has become as much a part of Rolls-Royce iconography as the Spirit of Ecstasy, Pantheon Grille and 'Double R' monogram.
The illumination itself is achieved by way of 152 LEDs mounted above and beneath the fascia, which are meticulously colour matched to the cabin's clock and instrument dial lighting.
To ensure that the Ghost graphic is lit evenly, a two millimetre-thick light guide is used, featuring more than 90,000 laser-etched dots across the surface. This not only disperses the light evenly but creates a twinkling effect as the eyes moves across the fascia, echoing the subtle twinkle of Starlight Headliner.
Extensive engineering work was undertaken to ensure that Illuminated Fascia was completely invisible while not operational. To achieve this, three layers of composite materials are used.
The first is a Piano Black substrate, which is laser etched to remove the black colouring and allow light to shine through the Ghost wordmark and star cluster. This is then overlaid with a layer of dark tinted lacquer, hiding the lettering when not in use.
Finally, the facia is sealed with a layer of subtly tinted lacquer before being hand polished to achieve a perfectly uniform 0.5mm thick, high-gloss finish, matching other high gloss accents incorporated into the interior.
Lead bespoke designer Michael Bryden said: "Like the rest of the motor car's progressive design, this hidden-until-lit feature hides the complexity required to create a sense of effortless luxury with a simple decorative statement."
The new Ghost is due to be officially unveiled on September 1.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
No doubt that text classification is an important research area in information retrieval. In fact there are many researches about text classification in English language. A few researchers in general talk about text classification using Arabic data set. This research applies three well known classification algorithm. Algorithm applied are K-Nearest neighbour (K-NN), C4.5 and Rocchio algorithm. These well-known algorithms are applied on in-house collected Arabic data set. Data set used consists from 1400 documents belongs to 8 categories. Results show that precision and recall values using Rocchio classifier and K-NN are better than C4.5. This research makes a comparative study between mentioned algorithms. Also this study used a fixed number of documents for all categories of documents in training and testing phase.
|International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology
|Early online date
|10 Mar 2016
|Published - 30 Apr 2016

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


To generate a payment order in currency, you must specify an order template for the bank account that will be used to register vouchers.
 1. Click Accounts payable> Journals> Payments> Payment journal> Linesto open the Journal voucherform.
 2. On the Overviewtab, press CTRL+N to create a new line.
 3. In the Datefield, select the date of the payment.
 4. In the Accountfield, select the vendor account.
 5. In the Transaction textfield, enter text that describes the transaction.
 6. In the Debitfield, enter the sum of the payment.
 7. In the Offset account typefield, select the account type for the selected account.
 8. In the Offset accountfield, select the offset account for the transaction.
 9. In the Currencyfield, select the currency code.
 10. In the Purpose textfield, enter text that must be reflected in the payment order.
 Note Note
 If you click the VAT in payment orderbutton, text with the VAT amount is entered into the Purpose textfield.
 11. In the Method of paymentfield, select the method of payment to the vendor.
 12. On the Generaltab, in the Contracts groupfield, select the contract group.
 13. In the DVRfield, select the registration number of the contract.
 14. In the Sales tax groupand the Item sales tax groupfields, select the tax groups for calculation of VAT.
 15. On the Paymenttab, in the Notefield, enter specific comments on payment.
 16. Enter information in the fields under the Notification to the central bankfield group.
 17. On the Banktab, in the Bank transaction typefield, select the transaction type.
 18. In the Account identificationfield, select the bank account of the recipient.
 19. Click Functions, and then select Generate paymentsto open the Generate paymentsform.
 20. In the Method of paymentfield, select the vendor method of payment.
 21. In the Export formatfield, select Payment order in currency.
 22. In the Bank accountfield, select the bank account from which the payment is to be made.
 23. Select the Show format dialogcheck box. A dialog box will open before a payment order is generated. You can set additional options for a currency order.
 24. Click OK. The Order in currency setupform opens.
 25. In the Employeefield, select the employee code.
 26. In the Commission from accountfield, select the bank account number.
 27. Select the Our commission chargesor Our corr. commission chargescheck box if the expenses are paid by the paying company.
 28. Select the Documentcheck box to print the payment document.
 29. Select the Warrant textcheck box to print the warrant text.
 30. Click OK. A currency payment order is generated. The value in the Payment statuschanges to Sent.
 31. To post a payment journal, click Post. After posting the journal line, a transaction will be generated for the bank account, vendor, and accounting transactions for the outgoing payment.
 Note Note
 You can view the transactions in the Journal voucherform, Bank transactionsform, and Vendorform.
Registry of payment orders
All of the generated payment orders are available in the Registry of payment ordersform.
 1. Click Accounts payable> Inquiries> Payment order registerto open the Registry of payment ordersform.
 2. View the information in all the fields.
 3. On the Essential elementstab, view the attributes of the payer and the recipient.
 4. Close the form.
See Also


text:
How we measure 'reads'
A 'read' is counted each time someone views a publication summary (such as the title, abstract, and list of authors), clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the full-text. Learn more
Metabolism of bees (Apis mellifica L.) in 50 Hz high-tension field Bees in 50 Hz high-voltage AC-field show an increase of the metabolism rate following an increase of motor activity. Caged beegroups under weak field strength (lower than approx. 10 KV/m) show differing metabolic rates. By medium field strength (approx. 20 KV/m-40 KV/m) the metaboli...
The temperature in a beehive (Apis mellifica L.) as an indicator for disturbance. The variation of temperature in a beehive is an easily registered indicator for many types of disturbances. The temperature rises by electrical stimulus (thunder and lightening), light and mechanical stimulations; the temperature sinks during the application of bee-re...
PEMF-induced transmembrane transfer of H+ ions into blood vessel walls and the electrostriction phenomenon play a major role in the functioning of bioenergetic and receptor systems. This explains the following changes in our measured indicators of effects. 1.The pH is low, and hence pCO2 is high, in the capillaries where oxygen is separated from he...
Thermography of honeybee colonies in winter influenced by high-voltage electric fields Honeybee colonies in winter exposed to 50 Hz electric fields at 400 Veff/m and 15 min application show abnormal reaction. Winterbienen zeigen abnorme Reaktion auf elektrische Feldstärken bei 50 Hz von 400 Veff/m und mindestens 15 min Applikation.
The electric body loading of bees varies according to the electrostatic qualities of the boxes in which they are caged. This results in differences in motor activity correlated with the weight of the rectal bladder as an indicator of metabolism rate. In PVC-cages the loading and activity is greater than in grounded steel cages.
Summary A new method is introduced permitting the registration of motor activity in insects, reptiles, birds and mammals. It allows the registration of extremely small amplitudes in body activity to be made. The method depends upon the influence of electrostatically-charged animal bodies on electric sounding devices or probes.
Die Symptome einer Störung und Schädigung der Funktionen des Menschen im Einfluss weitgehend nicht-thermischer elektromagnetischer Strahlung in der Umgebung von Hochfrequenz-Sendern sind bereits seit den 1930er und 1940er Jahren beschrieben. Die Schädigung besteht als Folge von 1. Psycho-Neuro-Vegetativen Störungen der Organismus-Funktionen, 2. Chr...


text:
A sample of a bizarre crystal once considered unnatural may have arrived on Earth 15,000 years ago, having hitched a ride on a meteorite, a new study suggests.
The research strengthens the evidence that this strange "quasicrystal" is extraterrestrial in origin.
The pattern of atoms in a quasicrystal falls short of the perfectly regular arrangement found in crystals. Until January, all known quasicrystals were man-made. "Many thought it had to be that way, because they thought quasicrystals are too delicate, too prone to crystallization, to form naturally," study researcher Paul Steinhardt of Princeton University told LiveScience at the time.
Then researchers announced the presence of a natural quasicrystal in a meteorite found in the Koryak Mountains of Russia.. That meteorite was being kept in a museum in Italy. Now, on an expedition to the site where it was found in Russia, Steinhardt and his colleagues now have found more natural samples of quasicrystals for analysis.
Quasicrystals were first synthesized in a lab in 1982 by Israeli chemist Dan Shechtman, whose work won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 2011. Regular crystals are made up of regular clusters of repeating atoms arranged in particular symmetries. Quasicrystals are orderly, too, but they do not exactly repeat themselves. If regular crystals are like boring bathroom tiles, quasicrystals are like complex tile mosaics.


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Let $f:X\to Y$ be a universal homeomorphism of regular (excellent finite-dimensional) schemes, $Z\subset Y$ be a regular subscheme. Is $f^{-1}(Z)$ necessarily regular?
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
up vote 7 down vote accepted
Well, $f^{-1}Z$ could easily be non-reduced (for example, take the relative Frobenius morphism $\mathbb A^1_k \to \mathbb A^1_k$, defined by the embedding $k[y] = k[x^p] \subseteq k[x]$, where $k$ is a field of characteristic $p > 0$, and let $Z \subseteq \mathbb A^1$ be defined by $y = 0$), so I would guess that the question should be interpreted as asking whether $f^{-1}Z$ with its reduced structure is regular. But the answer is negative even in this case. For example, take the morphism $\mathbb A^2_k \to \mathbb A^2_k$ defined by the embedding $k[y,t] = k[x^p, t] \subseteq k[x, t]$, and let $Z \subseteq \mathbb A^2_k $ be defined by $y + t^{p+1} = 0$.
share|improve this answer
Can't we base-change $f : X \to Y$ with $Z$ and obtain: $g : f^{-1}(Z) \to Z$? This also is a universal homeomorphism by construction, right? So now we have a universal homeomorphism to a regular scheme, but a regular scheme is weakly normal, see A. Andreotti and E. Bombieri, ''Sugli omeomorfismi delle varietà algebriche''.
Therefore $g$ is an isomorphism at least as long as $f^{-1}(Z)$ is reduced and the map $g$ is birational.
EDIT: My argument that $f^{-1}(Z)$ was reduced was junk. I shouldn't have tried to do math while on the run. But as long as $f^{-1}(Z)$ is reduced and $g$ is birational, then I think things are ok.
share|improve this answer
Sorry, why $f$ being a universal homeomorphism contradicts its generic inseparablity? – Mikhail Bondarko Mar 20 '11 at 13:09
I was being dumb. Nevermind. – Karl Schwede Mar 20 '11 at 18:57
Your Answer


Microsoft TechFest: The low power data center
Racks of servers demonstrated prototypes of low-power processors for data centers that deliver one-third to half the performance of high-performance processors while consuming only 5 percent to 10 percent as much power. So, how much power can data center save?
"In addition to requiring far less energy – 5 watts versus 50 to 100 watts for a processor typically used in a data centerlow-power processors also have quiescent states that consume little energy and can be awakened quickly," explained Dan Reed, director of Scalable and Multicore Systems for Cloud Computing Futures. "These states are used in the sleep and hibernate features of laptops and netbooks. With our current Atom processor, its energy consumption when running is 28 to 34 watts, but in the sleep or hibernate state, it consumes 3 to 4 watts, a reduction of 10 times in the energy consumption of idle processors."
Brought to you by and FirstDigest


text:
By Lauren Boland,
Published by The Journal, 7 December 2022
Virgin Orbit is planning to launch a satellite this month from Spaceport Cornwall, which is based at an airport in south-west England.
ACCESS TO IRISH airspace is set to be briefly restricted when a satellite is launched by the UK later this month.
Commercial operator Virgin Orbit is planning to launch a satellite this month from Spaceport Cornwall, which is based at an airport in south-west England.
The plan involves an adapted Boeing 747 taking off from the airport while carrying a small underwing rocket. The rocket will then be released and ascend to space.
The rocket's release is due to take place in airspace at sea above Ireland's Exclusive Economic Zone where the Irish Aviation Authority provides air traffic services.
Consequently, the IAA will be managing a two-hour restriction of access to airspace during the rocket's release and the first phase of ignition.
A marine notice will also be issued regarding maritime safety and navigation.
At a Cabinet meeting today, ministers discussed the plan for the procedures that would apply during the launch, including a "non-legally binding draft Exchange of Notes, which in anticipation of the future development of the industry, sets out appropriate governance and policy frameworks related to such activity".
The framework to govern space launch activities is being put in place for one year.
See: Original Article


text:
I can think of some kids who would happily trade in their dunce caps for one of these, even if the thinking cap's inventor says it's not intended for homework help! AFP reports from Sydney:
Scientists in Australia say they are encouraged by initial results of a revolutionary "thinking cap" that aims to promote creativity by passing low levels of electricity through the brain.
The device, which consists of two conductors fastened to the head by a rubber strap, significantly boosted results in a simple arithmetic test, they said.
Three times as many people who wore the "thinking cap" were able to complete the test, compared to those who did not use the equipment. Sixty people took part in total.
Allan Snyder, director of the University of Sydney's Centre for the Mind, said the device worked by suppressing the left side of the brain, associated with knowledge, and stimulating the right side, linked to creativity.
"You wouldn't use this to study or to help your memory," Snyder told AFP. "You would use this if you wanted to look at a problem anew.
"If you wanted to look at the world, just briefly, with a child's view, if you wanted to look outside the box."
He said goal was to suppress mental templates gathered through life experiences to help users see problems and situations as they really appear, rather than through the prism of earlier knowledge…
[continues at AFP]


Bright Tips for Seniors to Combat the Winter Blues
Alegre home care San Francisco
Winter can be a difficult time for anyone, due to the cloudy days, wet weather, and cold temperatures that typically accompany the season. However, these issues are oftentimes more severe for seniors. Moods can so quickly fall during a rainy winter in San Francisco, which is why it's essential for seniors to do all they can to combat the winter blues. Thankfully, there are a myriad of useful tips that help to facilitate better moods and an increase in happiness.
Why Winter Weather is Extra Difficult for Seniors
For seniors, winter weather is extra difficult than it is for people who are young and more able bodied, though this is mitigated somewhat when making use of a home caregiver. The cold and wet winter weather in the San Francisco Bay Area can really put a damper on the moods of older people. There are a number of reasons as to why, the most obvious of which is simply because the cloudy and gray skies automatically put a damper on anyone's mood.
Colder temperatures can worsen chronic pain conditions to the point where it can simply be difficult to get comfortable at all. This can have a debilitating effect on seniors who already have limited mobility. It's also important to understand that having to stay indoors on a more consistent basis creates feelings of isolation and loneliness that aren't nearly as big of an issue during other times of the year. This is just a small sample of the many reasons as to why winter weather is extra difficult for seniors. Additional factors include:
 - Seniors are likely to exercise less frequently during this season
 - Over-eating for comfort is common
 - The bad weather leads to a more sedentary lifestyle, which exacerbates medical conditions
 - Isolation from being indoors leads to less social time
 - The cold weather affects medical ailments and can make it difficult to sleep
Common symptoms that point towards the onset of the winter blues include sadness, tiredness, and fatigue. To combat the effects that this season may have, make sure to practice some of the following tips.
Exercise is an essential component to a person's happiness. Even light walking 30 minutes per day for five days a week will assist greatly in the reduction of feelings of mild to moderate depression. Walking at a fast pace for 60 minutes a day around three times per week will also help with this, but it will depend on the senior's capabilities. A home caregiver or family member can offer assistance. It's recommended that seniors at least attempt to exercise outdoors during days when it's sunny.
Bright light, in general, has been found to improve mental health, reduce depressive symptoms, and help with social functioning. If support is needed, exercise can even be done alongside a home caregiver. For seniors who can't get outside, consider working out indoors. While this isn't quite as beneficial as as exercising outdoors, it can still lessen mild depression during the winter season.
Listen to Music
Studies have shown that listening to upbeat music on a regular basis can do wonders for a person's mood. These benefits apply both in the short term and long term. During the cold and wet winter months, it can be difficult to get outside. Because of this, it's essential that seniors find activities that can keep them energized and happy. Listening to music is an easy activity that can be done alone or with others. It may even inspire some dancing! Either way, it's an activity that will help combat the winter blues.
It's important that senior s are able to get out of their home as much as possible during the winter months, even if this can only happen on occasion. There are many wonderful ways to volunteer throughout the winter season, from handing out toys to children that are in need to volunteering at a soup kitchen. For those who are able bodied, these activities can be done by both the senior and their home caregiver. Volunteering throughout the winter season will provide an emotional boost that may be needed when experiencing feelings of loneliness and depression. For seniors who are homebound, sending care packages to children in need is also a great way to volunteer.
Engage in Social Activities
As touched upon in the last tip, getting out of the house can really help boost a person's happiness during the cold months of winter. In the San Francisco Bay Area, there are many social activities that seniors can participate in. These activities include everything from going out to eat with an old friend to bowling. Keeping a relatively packed social calendar during the winter season can provide a much needed boost of energy. A home caregiver can help facilitate outings and social time with friends and family members.
Maintain a Healthy Diet
Colder temperatures and dark, cloudy days have the unfortunate effect of causing many people to crave unhealthy foods and carbohydrates. Eating too much food can have negative effects, such as weight gain, which only serves to increase feelings of sadness and depression. Eating a healthy diet that's balanced with a good amount of exercise will keep spirits up and assist in combating the winter blues. Soups that are high in protein and vegetables are some of the most important foods for seniors because they are both nutritional and warming on cold days.
Chase Away Those Winter Blues!
By following each of the aforementioned tips, seniors will be able to effectively reduce and even eliminate the adverse emotional effects caused by winter. These solutions are more readily tackled with the assistance of home caregiving. Home care allows seniors to maintain a sense of independence and allows them to maintain familiar routines. Exercising, volunteering, and partaking in regular social activities are easier to accomplish when a home caregiver is helping with these tasks.
If you have questions about home care, get in touch with Alegre Home Care today!
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text:
Printable Calendar June Through August 2021 – The normal concern which everybody has, whether or not they are aware of it or perhaps not, is really what do take place in the June Calendar? Effectively, the answer is simple. The calendar month of June is called the calendar month for horticulture and plants. In accordance with popular idea, the calendar month of June may be the 30 days for flowers, a notion which is provided by numerous nations, in fact. The globe also identifies the 30 days of June since the rose present calendar month.
Whatever tradition and region you result from, no one is aware of what exactly is the true significance right behind the term "blossom display". In many locations worldwide, this term means blooms during the last week of summer time,. That's nevertheless, what is obvious. There are many other parts of the world where expression "blooms" is interpreted for being just about any green growth in the summer time. As an example, in Africa, it indicates the vegetation start off growing inside the month of July and blossom over the past week of August. In Parts of asia, the month of June is also enough time of the blossom demonstrate.
So, what are the forms of blooms that happen to be cultivated within the 30 days of June? There are actually various kinds of flowers that grow in different parts of the entire world. By way of example, plants produced in Africa are typically used in fragrances, while plants cultivated around australia are produced to make decorations. On the flip side, plants from the United Kingdom are mainly produced with regard to their quality. A lot of the plants produced in the country usually are not exported and therefore you will find a huge interest in flowers in the country. That's a good thing concerning the US getting the sole region that does not have a floral display.
The recognition from the rose show in June is not surprising however. Most blossom present organizers see great probable inside the four weeks of June because this is the month when most of the blooms bloom. Additionally, the United Kingdom provides the biggest assortment of blooms on the planet with about 1.2 thousand varieties of blooms. The United Germany, France and Says have fairly a lot fewer types.
However, most floral show planners have a rigid need for admittance in the rivalry. You need to bring a rose to exhibit in your sales space. Just those who enter the competitions with blooms can succeed the honours. This displays the shoppers the plants that you are currently trying to sell really are from the back garden or come from your nearby farm. These flower displays offer floral experts who are responsible for choosing the plants being exhibited in the floral present.
Most floral demonstrates are arranged by the flower shop, the demonstrate managers or even the merchants. Shops are benefited as they get discounts from the florist, the present organizers get coverage along with the buyers have a chance to acquire blooms. The suppliers of plants and floral merchandise get a heightened number of organization, which leads to them being able to supply savings on their buyers.


_USER_ {330, title = {The Law of Unintended Consequences: The Case of External Subgoal Support}, journal = {Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems}, year = {2014}, month = {05/2014}, pages = {_PHONE_}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {Toronto}, abstract = {Many interfaces have been designed to prevent or reduce errors. These interfaces may, in fact, reduce the error rate of specific error classes, but may also have unintended consequences. In this paper, we show a series of studies where a better interface did not reduce the number of errors but instead shifted errors from one error class (omissions) to another error class (perseverations). We also show that having access to progress tracking (a progress bar) does not reduce the number of errors. We propose and demonstrate a solution {\textendash} a predictive error system {\textendash} that reduces errors based on the error class, not on the type of interface.}, isbn = {978-1-4503-2473-1}, doi = {10.1145/_PHONE_._PHONE_}, author = {J G Trafton and Raj M Ratwani} }


text:
Excerpt from "Telling Spaces" (see texts)
In the middle of the area known as the 'Old Hall', Helwing places a large reading table and invites the viewer to read. The table is based on a measuring system that exists in architecture. Laid out on it are
documents and literature on Christian Helwing, Gerhard Marcks and the history of the Museum. From this, the question that follows more or less automatically is why he is exhibiting in this Museum?
Marcks was primarily concerned with pithy forms and volumes; for Helwing it is about spatial relationships and a viewer who is (intellectually as well as physically) on the move. The two concepts do not clash, and even possess quite a remarkable area of intersection in the concept of measure. It is this dimension which ensures that it is not merely the younger artist staging the other to best effect. Arie Hartog
Material: black paint, MDF boards, drink crates, museum's stools, archival documents


differences between Long.intValue() and Math.toIntExact(Long), the following code generates a range of Long values from 5 less than Integer.MAX_VALUE to 5 more than Integer.MAX_VALUE.
Generating Range of Longs that Includes Integer.MAX_VALUE
 * Generate {_USER_ Long}s from range of integers that start
 * before {_USER_ Integer.MAX_VALUE} and end after that
 * maximum integer value.
 * _USER_ {_USER_ Long}s generated over range includes
 * {_USER_ Integer.MAX_VALUE}.
public static List generateLongInts()
 final Long maximumIntegerAsLong = Long.valueOf(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
 final Long startingLong = maximumIntegerAsLong - 5;
 final Long endingLong = maximumIntegerAsLong + 5;
 return LongStream.range(startingLong, endingLong).boxed().collect(Collectors.toList());
The next code listing shows two methods that demonstrate the two previously mentioned approaches for getting an int from a Long.
Using Long.intValue() and Math.toIntExact(Long)
 * Provides the {_USER_ int} representation of the provided
 * {_USER_ Long} based on an invocation of the provided
 * {_USER_ Long} object's {_USER_ intValue()} method.
 * _USER_ longRepresentation {_USER_ Long} for which {_USER_ int}
 * value extracted with {_USER_ intValue()} will be returned.
 * _USER_ {_USER_ int} value corresponding to the provided
 * {_USER_ Long} as provided by invoking the method
 * {_USER_ intValue()} on that provided {_USER_ Long}.
 * _USER_ NullPointerException Thrown if the provided long
 * representation is {_USER_ null}.
public static void writeLongIntValue(final Long longRepresentation)
 out.print(longRepresentation + " => Long.intValue() = ");
 catch (Exception exception)
 out.println("ERROR - " + exception);
 * Provides the {_USER_ int} representation of the provided
 * {_USER_ Long} based on an invocation of {_USER_ Math.toIntExact(Long)}
 * on the provided {_USER_ Long}.
 * value extracted with {_USER_ Math.toIntExact(Long)} will be
 * returned.
 * {_USER_ Long} as provided by invoking the method
 * {_USER_ Math.toIntExact)Long} on that provided {_USER_ Long}.
 * _USER_ NullPointerException Thrown if the provided long
 * representation is {_USER_ null}.
 * _USER_ ArithmeticException Thrown if the provided {_USER_ Long}
 * cannot be represented as an integer without overflow.
public static void writeIntExact(final Long longRepresentation)
 out.print(longRepresentation + " => Math.toIntExact(Long) = ");
 catch (Exception exception)
 out.println("ERROR: " + exception);
When the above code is executed with the range of Longs constructed in the earlier code listing (full code available on GitHub), the output looks like this:
_PHONE_ => Long.intValue() = _PHONE_
_PHONE_ => Math.toIntExact(Long) = _PHONE_
_PHONE_ => Long.intValue() = _PHONE_
_PHONE_ => Math.toIntExact(Long) = _PHONE_
_PHONE_ => Long.intValue() = _PHONE_
_PHONE_ => Math.toIntExact(Long) = _PHONE_
_PHONE_ => Long.intValue() = _PHONE_
_PHONE_ => Math.toIntExact(Long) = _PHONE_
_PHONE_ => Long.intValue() = _PHONE_
_PHONE_ => Math.toIntExact(Long) = _PHONE_
_PHONE_ => Long.intValue() = _PHONE_
_PHONE_ => Math.toIntExact(Long) = _PHONE_
_PHONE_ => Long.intValue() = -_PHONE_
_PHONE_ => Math.toIntExact(Long) = ERROR: java.lang.ArithmeticException: integer overflow
_PHONE_ => Long.intValue() = -_PHONE_
_PHONE_ => Math.toIntExact(Long) = ERROR: java.lang.ArithmeticException: integer overflow
_PHONE_ => Long.intValue() = -_PHONE_
_PHONE_ => Math.toIntExact(Long) = ERROR: java.lang.ArithmeticException: integer overflow
_PHONE_ => Long.intValue() = -_PHONE_
_PHONE_ => Math.toIntExact(Long) = ERROR: java.lang.ArithmeticException: integer overflow
The highlighted rows indicate the code processing a Long with value equal to Integer.MAX_VALUE. After that, the Long representing one more than Integer.MAX_VALUE is shown with the results of attempting to convert that Long to an int using Long.intValue() and Math.toIntExact(Long). The Long.intValue() approach encounters an integer overflow, but does not throw an exception and instead returns the negative number -_PHONE_. The Math.toIntExact(Long) method does not return a value upon integer overflow and instead throws an ArithmeticException with the informative message "integer overflow."
The Math.toIntExact(Long) method is not as significant as many of the features introduced with JDK 8, but it can be useful in avoiding the types of errors related to integer overflow that can sometimes be tricky to diagnose.
Monday, June 11, 2018
Peeking Inside Java Streams with Stream.peek
For a Java developer new to JDK 8-introduced pipelines and streams, the peek(Consumer) method provided by the Stream interface can be a useful tool to help visualize how streams operations behave. Even Java developers who are more familiar with Java streams and aggregation operations may occasionally find Stream.peek(Consumer) useful for understanding the implications and interactions of complex intermediate stream operations.
The Stream.peek(Consumer) method expects a Consumer, which is essentially a block of code that accepts a single argument and returns nothing. The peek(Consumer) method returns the same elements of the stream that were passed to it, so there will be no changes to the contents of the stream unless the block of code passed to the peek(Consumer) method mutates the objects in the stream. It's likely that the vast majority of the uses of Stream.peek(Consumer) are read-only printing of the contents of the objects in the stream at the time of invocation of that method.
The Javadoc-based API documentation for Stream.peek(Consumer) explains this method's behaviors in some detail and provides an example of its usage. That example is slightly adapted in the following code listing:
final List strings
 .peek(e-> out.println("Original Element: " + e))
 .filter(e -> e.length() > 3)
 .peek(e -> out.println("Filtered value: " + e))
 .peek(e -> out.println("Mapped value: " + e))
out.println("Final Results: " + strings);
When the above code is executed, its associated output looks something like this:
Original Element: one
Original Element: two
Original Element: three
Filtered value: three
Mapped value: THREE
Original Element: four
Filtered value: four
Mapped value: FOUR
Final Results: [THREE, FOUR]
The output tells the story of the stream operations' work on the elements provided to them. The first invocation of the intermediate peek operation will write each element in the original stream out to system output with the prefix "Original Element:". Instances of the intermediate peek operation that occur later are not executed for every original String because each of these peek operations occur after at least once filtering has taken place.
The peek-enabled output also clearly shows the results of executing the intermediate operation map on each String element to its upper case equivalent. The collect operation is a terminating operation and so no peek is placed after that. Strategic placement of peek operations provides significant insight into the stream processing that takes place.
The Javadoc for Stream.peek(Consumer) states that "this method exists mainly to support debugging, where you want to see the elements as they flow past a certain point in a pipeline." This is exactly what the example and output shown above demonstrate and is likely the most common application of Stream.peek(Consumer).
Stream.peek(Consumer)'s Javadoc documentation starts with this descriptive sentence, "Returns a stream consisting of the elements of this stream, additionally performing the provided action on each element as elements are consumed from the resulting stream." In the previous example, the action performed on each element as it was consumed was to merely write its string representation to standard output. However, the action taken can be anything that can be specified as a Consumer (any code block accepting a single argument and returning no arguments). The next example demonstrates how peek(Consumer) can even be used to change contents of objects on the stream.
In the first example in this post, peek(Consumer) could not change the stream elements because those elements were Java Strings, which are immutable. However, if the stream elements are mutable, the Consumer passed to peek(Consumer) can alter the contents of those elements. To illustrate this, I'll use the simple class MutablePerson shown next.
package dustin.examples.jdk8.streams;
 * Represents person whose name can be changed.
public class MutablePerson
 private String name;
 public MutablePerson(final String newName)
 name = newName;
 public String getName()
 return name;
 public void setName(final String newName)
 name = newName;
 public String toString()
 return name;
The next code listing shows how Stream.peek(Consumer) can change the results of the stream operation when the elements in that stream are mutable.
final List people
 = Stream.of(
 new MutablePerson("Fred"),
 new MutablePerson("Wilma"),
 new MutablePerson("Barney"),
 new MutablePerson("Betty"))
 .peek(person -> out.println(person))


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This article will walk you through how to log into the SpamTitan dashboard. This will provide you access to your SPAM settings and message quarantine.
1. Using your email credentials, log into the following URL: _URL_
2. If you have Domain Administrator access to your account, you may be prompted to select the access level. Click User to view your personal quarantine and settings.
3. Upon logging into your User account, you will be presented with your Spam Filter Quarantine.
4. Checking the box for one or more messages in the quarantine will allow you to Release the message, Whitelist the sender of the message, or Delete the message from the quarantine. Alternatively you can click on a message to open it in a Quarantine mail viewer window.
5. The Quarantine mail viewer window provides the following options:
- Details - This tab shows the details of the message, including the From and Envelope From addresses, Recipient, Subject, information about its origin and about its classification.
- View Message - This tab shows the content of the message as well as a link to show the Headers containing the full details of the message route.
- View Source - This tab shows the HTML source for the message headers, formatting, and body contents.
- Options - This tab includes links allowing you to Release the message to your mailbox, Whitelist the sender of the message, or Delete the message from the quarantine.


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If you are looking to capture and process high-quality panchromatic, multi-spectral or hyper-spectral imagery in your next air or spaceborne remote sensing system, talk to the imaging specialists at Exelis.
Our subsystems include:
- Design and fabrication of space-qualified focal plane sensors for capture of high quality Earth imagery.
- Design of the processors and electronics that digitize and compress the imagery.
- Test and verification of all processing components.
- Integration of the system, and qualification of your payload.
- Delivering the desired performance on a fixed price and schedule.
Exelis makes flight-qualified multi-spectral sensors featuring four thematic mapper bands on a single chip. Each multi-line chip features up to 7,000 pixels per spectral band (14,000 panchromatic). We are developing hyper-spectral hardware technology with hundreds of spectral bands. And Exelis integrates multiple charge-coupled device (CCD) chips, precisely aligned on a stable substrate, to create very large focal planes for large area coverage.
Our Sensor Technology
Exelis space-qualified sensors feature charge-couple device technology to convert light to discrete electronic charges within each pixel. Our ASIC signal processors condition the analog signal, and digitize the voltage based on the light intensity that hits each pixel. Finally, our data management subsystem compresses the data for fast transmission to ground while preserving resolution and image information.
Our Focal Plane History
Breakthrough innovations like ASET are grounded in years of solid experience in both the government and commercial sectors. Exelis space-based focal plane heritage includes:
- Imaging payload for DigitalGlobe's QuickBird satellite.
- Complete camera payload for IKONOS 1, Space Imaging EOSAT's sub-meter resolution imaging satellite, including focal plane, electronics, optics and integration.
- Focal plane and signal processing electronics on the Tier II Plus UAV.
- CCD imagers for the Mars rover, NASA's 1997 Pathfinder mission to Mars.
400 Initiative Drive
Rochester, NY 14606
_PHONE_ (voice)


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Knowledge for effective conservation includes knowledge about organisms, knowledge about the environment and knowledge about humans. In this broadcast, we will more clearly define this human aspect, which includes the application of social psychology, economics, political science, - communications and more. In part one of the session, the presenters will introduce the theory and practical application of this social aspect to our conservation work. We will also introduce you to the recently created Branch of Human Dimensions at the Natural Resource Program Center. Part two - is an interactive round table discussion, with the host and viewers asking the panel specific questions about their experience linking the human dimension with conservation. - - Objectives: Upon completion of this series, you will be able to: - · Define the Human Dimensions of Natural Resources Conservation; - · Identify examples of the application of the Human Dimensions of Natural Resources Conservation in the US Fish and Wildlife Service; and - · Locate Human Dimensions of Natural Resources Conservation resources for use in further research and application.
Click tabs to swap between content that is broken into logical sections.


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Please visit our store instead
1. Douglas Adams
The Total Perspective Vortex derives its picture of the whole Universe on the principle of extrapolated matter analyses. Since every piece of matter in the Universe is in some way affected by every other piece of matter in the Universe, it is in theory possible to extrapolate the whole of creation — every sun, every planet, their orbits, their composition and their economic and social history from, say, one small piece of fairy cake.


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Many turtles involved in traumatic accidents like a hit by car, chewed by dog, or mowed by lawn mower present to Turtle Rescue Team with broken bones. Because every case is a little different, we assess each individual patient to determine the best course of treatment. Every turtle with a broken leg will get a radiograph (X-Ray). This allows us to better assess the fracture. A cleanly fractured bone (i.e. a bone that broke into only two pieces) is preferred over a bone that fractured into a lot of smaller pieces because it is easier to fix.
In the case of a clean fracture, we will insert a metal rod or pin through the broken bones to realign the segments. Then, the broken leg will be placed in a cast to give extra stability while the bones heal.
If the bone can not be fixed, the leg might be amputated. Turtles with only three legs can still move around quite easily and are releasable animals.


Religion Magazine
Moses as the First Apologist
By Sjbedard _USER_
Moses as the First ApologistWhen we talk about apologetics in the Bible, it is difficult because we think of apologetics as being very much like philosophy. But when we widen the definition to defending the faith by showing evidence that our God is real, there are many more examples.
One of those examples is Moses. No Moses did not have a debate based on Greek logic with Pharaoh. But when you look at Exodus 7-11, you see a contest between Moses and Pharaoh about which was the true god. Others have demonstrated that the various plagues are connected with different gods in the Egyptian pantheon. The problem with looking at Moses is that in our apologetic conversations, we can't (nor should we) call plagues down on the person we are talking to. So what principles can we draw from Moses the apologist?
1. We find earlier in the story that Moses did not feel qualified to do this. We will never feel qualified either. You can attend every conference, read every book and listen to every podcast, but never feel qualified to talk to a skeptic. At some point you just have to do it.
2. Moses was sent Aaron as a helper. Team ministry is always best. That does not mean it is always two people talking to a skeptic. But you can pray for each other, encourage one another, debrief one another and keep each other accountable.
3. Exodus 7-11 is more about what God does than what Moses does. God uses Moses' words but it is from God that the power takes place. The same is true with apologetics. We try our best with what we know, speak according to our knowledge and trust that God's power is at work.
4. Exodus 7-11 is a contest between two worldviews. Nothing much has changed. As apologists, we need to show the failure of other worldviews and the truth of the Christian worldview.
5. The Egyptian priests were able to duplicate the first few plagues but quickly failed. Non-Christian worldviews can explain some aspects of reality but soon fail. Only the Christian worldview can explain all of reality.
These are just a few of the principles from the experience of Moses.
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Footprint in Rock Art
footprint heavenly gates negev desert rock art
Footprint – Heavenly Gates in Negev Desert Rock Art, Israel
Many engraved footprints were found in Negev Desert rock art. Some researchers interpret them as symbols of god presence. Indeed, their similarity to a footprint confuses the visual interpretation, and our proof of their symbolic meaning is far from what envisioned. Detailed examination of these rock art reveals a repeating pattern that proves that they are symbols of heavenly gates.
According to the ancient concept, the gates of Heaven are Sumerian imaginary structures floating in the sky that serve as a gateway between heaven and earth. In Negev Desert rock art the gate resembles a footprint an idea copied directly from Sumerian cylinder seals. The gates are located at the ecliptic plane intersection with the horizon, the place where the Sun, moon, and planets rise and set. Another type of gate, the heavenly gate, leads to the world center or Paradise and it is located in the North Star vicinity situated above the Ursa Major constellation.
1. The Gate Astronomical Origins
John C Didier (2009) hypothesize that the imaginary heavenly gate is constructed from the stars around the North Pole. This includes the prominent stars and constellations around the North Star, such as Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, and Draco, which appear in many Sumerian cylinder seals, as shown in Fig2. The two Ursa Minor stars define the top and the two Ursa Major stars define the gate bottom. The imaginary lines connecting the four stars create a rectangle that forms the gate. This rectangular area surrounds Thuban, a star in the Draco constellation tail, the previous North Pole star and earth pivot about 5000 years ago, considered the location of Paradise. This gate mounted on the heavenly bull back, as illustrated in Fig.1, made from the outline of the Ursa Major constellation.
Rock Art News. Sumerian heavenly gate abstraction
Fig 1 Heavenly Gate illustration Fig2 The Heavenly Bull and the Winged Gate. On right, the Goddess Inanna climbs out the gate
2. The Gates in Sumerian Cylinder Seals
Acadian cylinder seal Fig.2, dated 3000BC, depicts a gate, called the literature "The Bull and the Winged Gate". The winged gate supported by the heavenly bull, an Ursa Major constellation depiction, was imagined as a mechanism that allowed it to float in the air. Two gods on the gate sides are powering the gate by passing a rope between them, an action that implies movement, which depicts the winding Draco constellation. The gate wings look like sun rays of slightly different sizes also symbolizing the rise and set direction. On the right side in Fig.2, the larger wing symbolizes the rise direction and the smaller one, on left, symbolizes the set direction. The wings remind of birds' wings that award the gate the ability to float in the air. The similarity between the gates described by John C Didier, Fig.1, and the cylinder seal in Fig.2 is very clear.
The Epic of Gilgamesh 1500 BC contains the gate textual and pictorial testimony as described in Innana and the Celestial bull myth. On the right side of Fig.2, the cylinder seal describes a scene from this myth in which Innana steps out from the heavenly gate carried by the heavenly bull. She is heading straight from the gate, naked, and runs into the floating boat that sails the celestial ocean that separates heaven from earth. Note the adherence to the set/rise gate wings sizes in this cylinder seal.
3. The Footprint in Negev Desert Rock Art
Fig.4 presents Rock Art examples of footprints from the Negev Desert. They always appear as a pair comprised of rising and setting gates with wings. The gates resemble a footprint of slightly different sizes with the attached wings that look like ears. The gate schematic confirms the ideas in the Sumerian cylinder seals, which includes the adherence to the gates and wings sizes. The artist emphasized the differences in rising and setting direction by the gates sizes, the wings sizes, and the gate outlines thickness and fullness. The gates are in the shape of a footprint, which is the body part that walks through the gate.
rock art archeology research news. footprint, heavenly gates examples from negev desert rock art
Fig.4 Heavenly Gates Negev Desert Rockart Fig 5 The Sun and Moon Gates
Fig.5 illustrates a Rock Art example of four gates. The upper pair is the sun sunrise and sunset gates; the sun appears between them seen as a full circle. The lower pair is the moon rising and setting gates that appear between them. The gate size ratio, of the sun rising and setting, is maintained, however, the moon gates are of equal size since their brightness doesn't change.
Fig.6 shows examples of engraved rock art gates from the Negev Desert with their heavenly association. From left to right: 1. Venus entering the heavenly gate (see Venus Calendar) 2. Venus Star hovering above its gates. 3. The moon exits its rise gate (the right footprint), 4. An ibex enters the gate, half of it inside and half outside.
Rock Art archeology research news. footprint and the heavenly gate rock art
Fig.6 Examples of heavenly gates and their association with celestial objects
4. The Heavenly Gate celestial abstraction
Fig.7 shows two galloping horses carrying in tandem a rectangular structure. This unique arrangement represents the heavenly gate, which marked the entrance to heaven, and its ability to float in the sky. This beautiful and unusual scene actually depicts the constellations around the north star, see Fig.7, the most important sky region and the portal entry to heaven. The horses are a depiction of Ursa Major and Ursa Minor constellations. Don't look for the pictorial resemblance of the horses and constellations. It is all in the artist's mind that abstracted prominent constellation characteristics, around the north star, into familiar objects. The lower horse with its rectangle body and the kneeling posture reminds the shape of the Ursa Major constellation. The upper horse represents Ursa Minor constellation with its long tail depicting the Draco constellation that winds between these two constellations. The area where the Draco tail is crossing, the rectangular structure, marks the old North Star Thuban location, from 4th to 2nd-millennium BCE.
Rock Art research news. Heavenly gate as a North star
Fig 7 The Heavenly Gate situated around the North Pole the world pivot. The gate is carried by two horses representing the constellations Ursa Major/Minor and Draco. Negev Desert Rock Art (photo Razy Yahel)
Fig.8 illustrates various gate engravings from the Negev Desert. The Sumerian cylinder seals and Negev Desert Rock Art similarity are compelling evidence for the Heavenly Gates abstraction. This includes details as gates sizes, wings sizes, and even a reminiscence of the Draco constellation seen as the wavy line within the gate.
Rock Art research News. Footprint, Heavenly gate examples Negev Desert rock art
Fig.8 Heavenly gate examples from the Negev Desert rock art
More deciphering, in a new book Rock Art in Israel, is available online.
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Cryogenic property
Note that He3 has an arrow to its right indicating that there are other materials whose properties are also listed. Move the highlight bar to He3; press to view the other materials. The list of other materials includes He4, H2 (equilib), D2 (normal), Ne, N2, Air, Argon, F2, O2, and CH4. To display the properties of H2 (equilib), use the key to move the high light bar to H2 (equilib) and press . Alternatively, type in when the pull down menu appears. The data displayed automatically updates to list the properties of H2.
MEPro for Ti-89, TI-92 Plus Chapter 33 - Reference Refrigerants
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F4: Reference/B: SI Prefixes
Chapter 34: SI Prefixes
The SI Prefixes section displays the prefixes adapted by the Systeme International [dUnit[eacute]s] (SI).
34.1 Using SI Prefixes
The prefixes are listed in the order shown in Table 34-1. The key is used to move the highlight bar to select a SI prefix multiplier. The name of the prefix is displayed in the status line. The prefix and multiplier can be viewed by pressing the key. Table 34-1 SI Prefix Table Prefix Multiplier Prefix Multiplier Y: (Yotta) 1E24 d: (deci) 1E-1 Z: (Zetta) 1E21 c: (Centi) 1E-2 E: (Exa) 1E18 m: (Milli) 1E-3 P: (Peta) 1E15 1E-6 : (Micro) T: (Tera) 1E12 1E-9 n: (Nano) G: (Giga) 1E9 1E-12 p: (Pico) M: (Mega) 1E6 1E-15 f: (Femto) k: (Kilo) 1E3 1E-18 a: (Atto) h: (Hecto) 1E2 1E-21 z: (Zepto) da: (Deka) 1E1 1E-24 y: (Yocto)
SI Prefix Screen Display
MEPro for Ti-89, TI-92 Plus Chapter 34 - Reference SI Prefixes
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F4: Reference/C: Greek Alphabet
Chapter 35: Greek Alphabet
This section displays the Greek Alphabet and their names. There are several Greek letters supported by the TI-89. To enter the Greek letters, the sequential keystrokes are listed in the TI-89 manual. They are repeated here for convenience of the user. Alternatively, (or ) followed by will access an internal menu listing several Greek characters. Table 35-1
Key stroke Sequence
Greek Letter
MEPro for TI-89, TI-92 Plus Chapter 35 - Reference Greek Alphabet
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J C J C J C
BJC MJC
JC JC JC JC JC JC JC JC ZJC YJC MJC JC EJC BJC CJC JC
Key stroke Sequence
Greek Letter
Part IV: Appendix and Index
MEPro for TI-89, TI-92 Plus - Appendix and Index
389
Appendix A Frequently Asked Questions
A.1 Questions and Answers
A list of commonly asked questions about the MEPro is listed here. Review this list of questions prior to contacting the Technical support either at Texas Instruments or at da Vinci. You might save yourself a phone call! These questions are classified under four general headings. Equations Questions General Questions Reference Questions Analysis Questions
A.2 General Questions
The following is a list of questions about the general features of ME Pro: Q. Where can I find additional inf ormation about a variable? A. A brief description of a highlighted variable appears in the status line at the bottom of the screen. More information, including its allowable entry parameters (i.e.: whether complex, symbolic or negative values can be entered, etc.) can be accessed by pressing /Opts and 2:Type. Q. How do I convert the results of a calculation in analysis and equations into different units? A. Highlight the value which you want to convert; Press /Opts, 4:Conv. A unit menu for the variable is displayed. Select the desired unit by pressing the function key corresponding to the appropriate units.
Q. What does the underscore _ next to a variable mean? A. This designates a variable, which allows entry of complex values. Q. I am in the middle of a computation and it seems to stay busy for longer than I would like. How can I halt this process? A. Some computations can take a long time, particular if many equations and unknowns are being solved or a complex analysis function has been entered. Notice if the message in the status line at the bottom-right of the screen reads BUSY. This indicates that the TI math engine is attempting to solve the problem. Pressing the key usually halts a computation and allows the user to regain control of the software. If, for some reason, the calculator locks up and does not allow user intervention, a cold start will have to be performed to reset the calculator. This can be done by holding down the keys; , , and , and pressing for the TI-89 , and ). (for the TI-92 Plus, press WARNING: This will delete folders containing any defined variables or stored programs. Use it as a last resort. A "cold start" will not delete ME Pro from your calculator.
ME Pro for TI - 89, TI-92 Plus Appendix A - Frequently Asked Questions
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" !
To display a result in different units, highlight the variable (P) and press :Opts, move the cursor to 4:Conv
The unit menu for the variable appears in the top bar. Press the function key corresponding to the desired units. ( in this case).
The computed value for Real Power, P, is now displayed in kilowatts (kW).
Q. What do three dots (...) mean at the end of an item on the screen? A. The three dots (an ellipsis) indicate the item is too wide to fit on the available screen area. To view an item in its entirety, select it by moving the highlight bar and press (or , in some cases) to view the item in Pretty Print. Press or to scroll the item back and forth across the screen to view the entire object. Q. How can I recall, or view values of a previously computed problem? A. MEPro automatically stores its variables in the current folder specified by the user in or the HOME screens. The current folder name is displayed in the lower left corner of the screen (default is Main). To create a new folder to store values for a particular session of MEPro, press :/TOOLS, :/NEW and type the name of the new folder (see Chapter 5 of the TI-89 Guidebook for the complete details of creating and managing folders). There are several ways to display or recall a value: The contents of variables in any folder can be displayed using the , moving the cursor to the variable name and pressing to display the contents of a particular variable. Variables in a current folder can be recalled in the HOME screen by typing the variable name. Finally, values and units can be copied and recalled using the /Tools 5:COPY and 6:PASTE feature. The COPY/PASTE function will copy the highlighted value and units in Analysis and Equations but will only copy the value (no units) in the Reference section. All inputs and calculated results from Analysis and Equations section are saved as variable names. Previously calculated, or entered values for variables in a folder are replaced when equations are solved using new values for inputs. Q. I am not able to calculate a value for a particular variable. Why? A. Check the status-line message to insure that a complete or partial solution was found. Some variables have range restrictions; for example, only positive values are allowed for kinetic energy or satellite distance from the earth. Make sure that the inputs are meaningful in context of the allowable result(s). Sometimes, variable conflicts can occur from other applications. It is recommended that MEPro be used in a separate folder. Press : Tools, : New to create a new folder. As a last resort, open a new folder or clear the variables in the current folder using and repeat the calculation.
Q. Can I copy and paste entries from one variable to another? A. You can copy and paste a highlighted value using /Tools 5:COPY and 6:PASTE feature. The COPY/PASTE function will copy the highlighted value and units in Analysis, Equations and reference sections. Q. Is there a help section in the software? A. There is a short series (slides) of general hints which can be accessed from the main screen of ME Pro under /Info. A different message appears each time is pressed. Weve attempted to keep most of the explanation of certain topics to the manual in an effort to keep the software compact. Consult the chapter corresponding to the appropriate section of the software. A compiled list of the received questions and answers will be posted periodically on the da Vinci website at _URL_
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Q. An item, which is supposed to be displayed in a menu, doesnt appear. A. Some menus have more than eight items. If an arrow appears next to the digit 8, use the arrow key scroll the menu and view the remaining topics or press


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A law that bars claims after a specified period; specifically a statue establishing a time limit for suing in a civil case, based on the date when the claim accrued (as when the injury occurred or was discovered). The purpose is to require diligent prosecution of known claims, thereby providing finality and predictability in legal affairs and ensuring that claims will be resolved while evidence is reasonably available and fresh.
In Plain English:
The statute of limitations is a law that puts a time limit on how long a plaintiff has to file a lawsuit. Depending on the type of lawsuit, the time may vary, but is usually between one and three years. The time is often measured starting at the date of the event that gives rise to the claim. For example, in a motor vehicle accident case, the time typically starts running on the date of the accident.


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L3F Undertakes Year-Long Scenario Initiative Focused on Financial Services Industry to 2050 - Results Predict Major Shifts in Political Influence, Financial Services and Financial Centres
LONDON, England – 11th January 2012 – The L3F (Long Finance Forum of Futurists) today released details of its "In Safe Hands? The Future of Financial Services" report. The report is being published by Long Finance as part of the Financial Centre Futures programme sponsored by Qatar Financial Centre Authority.
This report is the result of a scenario planning exercise conducted by internationally recognised futurists and key figures from the global financial services industry. It plots a series of possible future scenarios for the global financial services market, and considers the future of financial services over the next 40 years. It also identifies a number of surprises which come out of the analysis, ranging from a question mark over the future of insurance to a change in the nature of assets which will be valued.
Long Finance was established in 2007 by Z/Yen Group in conjunction with Gresham College. The Long Finance initiative began with a conundrum– "when would we know our financial system is working?" Long Finance aims to "improve society's understanding and use of finance over the long-term" in contrast to the short-termism that defines today's financial and economic views. They publish papers under the Financial Centre Futures programme in order to initiate discussion on the changing landscape of global finance. Financial Centre Futures consists of in-depth research as well as the popular Global Financial Centres Index (GFCI). They have also initiated two other publication series: Eternal Brevities and Finance Shorts. Long Finance is a community which can be explored and joined at _URL_
Gill Ringland, CEO of SAMI Consulting and Chairman of the L3F commented, "The project has brought together experts across the industry. Our consensus is that as the UK and United States lose influence and power as we head into a world dominated by today's emerging markets, there is a long term risk to London's financial services leadership. However, one scenario brought out the potential to leverage its multicultural workforce of over 270 nations and consolidate its position as the melting pot for global financial services."
The team built on the work in Beyond Crisis to identify macro global factors affecting the world by 2050:
- The global population will grow to nine billion and get older, with most of the additional people in Africa and Asia. This will cause major shifts of economic power, causing turbulence as political shifts follow.
- The new centres of power may not share the value systems of the west, or the Washington consensus.
- Technology (info, cogno, bio, nano) will continue to introduce changes in personal capacity and lifestyles, while ICT will underpin much of society as well as commerce.
- Ecological, energy and environmental limits will be tested or breached as the population increases, the percentage of the population living in cities approaches 70 percent and the new middle class eats meat, uses cars, refrigerators and electronic goods and travels for pleasure.
Within this world, the team developed four possible futures for the global financial services industry;
- Second Hand - the world and financial services are recognisable from today, though most financial services will be largely automated, the current players will have largely disappeared, and many of the new players will be based outside the OECD countries. Land based assets and permits for citizenship or reproduction are highly valued.
- Visible Hand - the world attempts to tackle global financial systemic risks through Washington consensus methods and faces increased volatility. The homogeneous global culture is short-term, consumer-light and carries the seeds of its destruction before 2050. Gold is thought to protect best against volatility.
- Long Hand - financial services are mostly organised around communities of affinity, spanning countries and regions. Assets are allocated by the market within a community and intermediated by technology. The most highly valued asset classes vary with the community: they may be intellectual property and permits to reduce the effect of population pressure; or land-based assets.
- Many Hands - financial services are mostly organised within city states, which differ wildly in their brand and values. Permits to live or operate in desirable city states are highly valuable assets. This could of course be implemented through high property prices rather than a state system.
Gill Ringland commented, "Today, the financial services industry manage capital and debt, but we envisage that by 2050, a primary role of the industry could be to manage ecological, environmental and energy resources. As the population of the globe hits 9 million people, the assets people value today could have been replaced by a permit to live in a city state or to reproduce. The macro global shifts lead us to believe that The City of London may have to transform from a financial centre that trades stocks and bonds to one that manages the availability of water and other permits.
This may seem an extreme leap from today's world, but, what the last three years should have taught our political leaders and financial services CEOs, is that we cannot predict the future by looking backwards. The L3F provide a series of future scenarios that countries and businesses can assess their thinking strategies against – which could be invaluable in the turbulent world we live in today."
The L3F and Z/Yen Group will officially launch the report at an event taking place on 25th January 2012, at Gresham College in Barnard's Inn, London between 09:30 – 12:00 noon.
About SAMI Consulting
Gill Ringland is CEO of SAMI Consulting and the Chairman of L3F. For over 20 years SAMI Consulting has been helping organisations make robust decisions in uncertain times. Known as the home of scenario planning, they provide consulting, education and training, and research, to support robust decisions in uncertain times. SAMI understand the barriers to managing in uncertain times and help clients overcome them and carry through their decisions whilst sharpening their competitive advantage. SAMI understands political, international and regulatory risk, economic uncertainty, social and cultural change, and the opportunities of technology for its clients. _URL_.
Further details on Long Finance and the L3F can be found at _URL_.
Media Contact: Annmarie Gabriel
Tel: +44 7765 255560
This press release was distributed by ResponseSource Press Release Wire on behalf of SAMI Consulting in the following categories: Business & Finance, Public Sector, Third Sector & Legal, for more information visit _URL_


What We Do
Eleventh Century
The Household portray knights and soldiers from the army of William the Conqueror as well as a military encampment during the period surrounding the Norman Conquest.
Twelfth Century
The Household portray a unit of professional soldiers in the employ of a noble person during the twelfth century and regularly portray the defenders of castles under siege.
Thirteenth Century
The Household portray knights and their retinues during the early thirteenth-century conflicts surrounding Magna Carta, known as the First Barons' War.
Historical Characters
The Household provide medieval characters such as kings, castellans, monks and musicians from the period _PHONE_.
The Household has a large authentic encampment bringing the sights and smells of the Anglo-Norman period to life.
The Household demonstrate a number of medieval crafts including fletching, maille-working, embroidery, cooking and many more.


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For the first time Turck is entering the market for high-speed motion control with its further developed LI inductive linear position sensor. A new electronics architecture increases the effective output rate of the sensor from 1 to 5 kHz. In conjunction with the short signal run time (130 µs) and the highly resolved SSi output, the inductive linear position sensors can thus achieve the performance of potentiometers but without their disadvantages. Unlike potentiometers, the LI sensors offer permanent protection to IP67, provide non-contact measuring and are absolutely wear-free. The magnetic field immune sensors are therefore suitable for measuring axes with high-speed controls such as is used in injection molding machines. Other application areas include axis measurement in packaging machines, presses or machine tools.
With the high speed and precision of the sensor (system resolution of 1 µm), machine builders can keep the position error in motor control applications to a minimum. As with all inductive linear position sensors, the high-speed variant has very short blind zones and can tolerate up to a 4 millimeter offset of the positioning element (perpendicular to the measuring axis). As well as the high-speed variant with an SSI interface and 16-bit resolution, the analog variant of the sensor will also be offered in future with the higher output rate of 5 kHz. The analog sensor has a 0…10 V or 4…20 mA output. All LI sensors continue to be available in ten measuring lengths from 100 to 1,000 millimeters. An 8-pole M12 connector is used for the connection.
Hans Turck GmbH & Co. KG
45472 Mülheim an der Ruhr
Tel: +49 _PHONE_-0
Fax: +49 _PHONE_


text:
What is the value of x? (1) y² = x (2) x + 4 = 4(y + 1)
A. Statement (1) BY ITSELF is sufficient to answer the question, but statement (2) by itself is not. B. Statement (2) BY ITSELF is sufficient to answer the question, but statement (1) by itself is not. C. Statements (1) and (2) TAKEN TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, even though NEITHER statement BY ITSELF is sufficient. D. Either statement BY ITSELF is sufficient to answer the question. E. Statements (1) and (2) TAKEN TOGETHER are NOT sufficient to answer the question, meaning that further information would be needed to answer the question.
(E) Statement (1) is insufficient: we cannot determine the value of x without knowing the value of y.
If we multiply both sides of the equation in Statement (2) by 4, we get:x + 4 = 4(y + 1), or x + 4 = 4y + 4.Subtracting 4 from both sides gives us: x = 4y. This statement is also insufficient.
Combined, both statements are still insufficient. When we substitute the second equation into the first, we get:y² = 4y. We cannot simply divide each side of the equation by y because we do not know that y is not equal to 0.We must set the equation equal to zero and factor it:
y² – 4y = 0 y(y – 4) = 0
y = 0 or 4.The possible solutions for (x,y) are (0,0) and (16,4). Since we do not have sufficient information to determine the value of x, even after combining the statements, the correct answer is choice (E).
Couldnt you use form 2 to solve for y=x/4 and then plug that into formula 1 to get (x/4)²=x which then simplifies to x=16?
Post subject: Re: Math: question 32 (Data sufficiency / Algebra).
Posted: Tue Apr 13, 2010 10:10 am
Joined: Fri Apr 09, 2010 2:11 pm Posts: 403
No, we can't do that for the same reason as described above:
if we use statement (2) to solve for y = x/4 and then plug that into formula 1 to get (x/4)² = x, we can not simplify it to x=16, because we get x² = 16x and x can be zero as well. So we get the same two possible values for x: x = 0 and x = 16 and a corresponding values of y: y = 0, y = 4.
Please, remember to check if the variable can be 0 before dividing by it.
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text:
Plum, Wine, Dead Rats and Bicycles : Creating a Different Reality on Stage with The Age of the Plum
MetadataShow full item record
The author discovered The Age of the Plum by Latin American playwright Aristides Vargas while studying in Ecuador. She describes meeting Vargas, getting permission to translate the play into English, and ultimately directing a production of the play about two sisters confronting femininity, childhood, old age, death, love, memories, rebellion, escape, and sadness at Kalamazoo College. Includes the translated version of The Age of Plums, production notes and photos, as well as interviews with the playwright.


text:
Ethics education plays an integral role in the fostering of active global citizenship, critical thinking and global competence which includes examination of local, global and intercultural issues, understanding and appreciation of the perspectives and worldviews of others, engaging in open, appropriate and effective interactions with people from different cultures, and acting for collective well-being and sustainable development.
However, ethics is studied in European secondary schools within a wide variety of curricula, ranging from philosophy and civics, to ethics as an independent curriculum such as in Germany. This fragmentation of curricula, along with a fragmentation of pedagogical methods and goals, inhibits the opportunities for exchanges of best practices and mutual learning. One of the remarkable findings in preliminary research was that none of the EU countries employed a comprehensive methodology towards oracy in the ethics classroom: even though classroom discussions on ethical topics were common, a more systematic approach to debating moral dilemmas remained absent. This is noteworthy, as many studies have shown the positive impact of debate on the development of skills that are at the core of every ethics curriculum, such as critical thinking, empathy and respect for different viewpoints
COMET project therefore aims at overcoming these curricular differences through digital and debate-based methodological innovation, in order to promote the acquisition of skills and competences of European ethics teachers.
Objectives, activities and impact
Within the project (2017 – 2020) we have established a network of ethics teachers by means of an online platform, which can now be visited at _URL_
In the ongoing follow up project (2020 – 2023) we are:
- expanding the online platform with the ethics curricula
- developing the teacher's guide with the provisional title: 'Teaching Ethics Through Debate', that will fit to the variety of curricula and approaches throughout the partner countries.
Consortium and partners
Coordinator: Tilburg University (Netherlands)
Consortium consists of five universities (Tilburg University, The Netherlands; Sofia University, Bulgaria; Universidad Complutense Madrid, Spain; Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway; Matej Bel University, Slovakia), three secondary schools (Wolfert Bilingual School Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Gymnasium Weilheim, Germany; Lycée Classique de Diekirch, Luxembourg), and three associations (Za in Proti, National Debate Organisation of Slovenia; Udruga Mala Filozofija, Philosophical Association of Croatia; Institute of Educational Policy in Athens, Greece). Additionally, the COMET 2 project has three associated partners: Fédération Internationale des Sociétés de Philosophie (FISP), Association Internationale des Professeurs de Philosophie (AIPPh), and International Debate Education Association (IDEA).
Project is co-funded by the European Union (EU Commission)
Key Action: Cooperation for innovation and the exchange of good practises
Action type: Strategic Partnership of school education


text:
Students learn basic skills in electricity, line work installation, repair, cable splicing, and system testing, as well as transformer connections, underground electric installation and effective operation of digger derricks. Electric lineworkers install and repair cables or wires used in electrical power or distribution systems. They locate line trouble, climb poles, use hot line tools, and operate and maintain substations. This program prepares students to work for power line construction and utility companies.
All students are required to obtain a Red Cross First Aid card and a CPR card before a certificate is issued.
Electric Line mechanic


text:
The definition of a tune is a song, a melody, having correct musical pitch or being in the correct key.(noun)
Tune is defined as to adjust or adapt a condition, situation, instrument or voice.(verb)
See tune in Webster's New World College Dictionary
Origin: ME, var. of tone, tone
See tune in American Heritage Dictionary 4
Origin: Middle English
Origin:, variant of tone, tone; see tone.
Learn more about tune


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Articles 1 - 1 of 1
Full-Text Articles in Engineering Science and Materials
Numerical Simulation Of Multi-Phase Core-Shell Molten Metal Drop Oscillations, Kaushal Sumaria
The surface tension of liquid metals is an important and scientifically interesting parameter which affects many metallurgical processes such as casting, welding and melt spinning. Conventional methods for measuring surface tension are difficult to use for molten metals above temperatures of 1000 K. Containerless methods are can be used to measure the surface tension of molten metals above 1000 K. Oscillating drop method is one such method where a levitated droplet is allowed to undergo damped oscillations. Using the Rayleigh's theory for the oscillation of force-free inviscid spherical droplets, surface tension and viscosity of the sample can be calculated...


text:
Summary: Solid carbon dioxide is added to a large beaker of water containing universal indicator. As the CO2 dissolves, the indicator changes from neutral (green) to acidic (orange).
Dry Ice is extemely cold, use gloves or tongs when handling.
Chemicals and Solutions:
universal indicator solution
2 lbs. dry ice
25 mL of 0.l M NaOH solution
6 M NaOH solution
4 liter beaker of water
Add univeral indicator solution to the water and make the solution purple by adding some 0.1 M NaOH solution. Then just start adding dry ice to the solution. The dry ice will sublime causing the solution to bubble and it will also dissolve in the water forming carbonic acid causing the indicator to change colors as the solution becomes more and more acidic. The solution will change from purple to blue to green to yellow to orange and finally to red. Once the red color is reached 6M NaOH can be added to take the color back up to purple and the cycle can begin again.


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Surfindia » Recipe » East India Cuisine » Bihar & Jharkhand
Recipes in Bihar and Jharkhand
Bihari Litti To know about the history, geography, economical status and culture of the state of Bihar one can take a look at its cuisine. Food habits of Bihar shows how the cuisine of the state has evolved over centuries under the influence of various cultures and regimes which controlled it from time to time.
Lord Buddha attained enlightenment in Bihar and hence the impact of Buddhism is significant of the state.People are largely vegetarian though many are fond of chicken and meat dishes. Bihar has also been under the reign of mighty Moghuls and naturally the exotic Mughal cuisine affected the Bihar style of cooking and the taste of the inhabitants of the state. Remarkable factor of the Bihari cuisine is that the state has imbibed the best and most suitable aspects of the Gupta, Maurayan, Turk, Afghan, Persion and European style of cooking and at the same time retained a food culture that bears a distinct hallmark of Bihar.
Wheat and rice are the staple food of Bihar and Jharkhand (Jharkhand was till recently a part of Bihar and shares food habits with its parent state). Vegetables are grown in abundance and cooked in a variety. A regular Bihari meal consists of dal, bhat (rice), phulka (roti), tarkari (sabzi) and achar (pickles). But as the seasons change so does the Bihari thali. It is said that just as the seasons change four times in a year, so does the contents of the Bihari meals.
Striking feature of Bihari cuisine is their 'chhonkna' (tadka) with 'panchforan' (a mix of five seeds - saunf, sarson, methi, ajwain and mangraila). People here are very fond of doing 'bhoonjana' to food items, this implies light frying. Dishes are generally very spicy and colourful. Mainly mustard oil is used as a medium of cooking.
Dishes and drinks made from energy rich, sattu (powdered gram) are popular all over the country. Food habits differs in various regions of the state. Tribals which constitute a significant percentage of the state population have their own style of cooking food. Mahua flour, maize, millets and edible roots and tubers are are the chief ingredients of a typical tribal meal in Chhotanagpur area.
 1. Bihari Litti
 2. Pittha
 3. For suran (ole) chutney
 4. Khichdi
 5. Thekua (Dessert)
 6. Sattu
 7. Mitha Khaja (Dessert)
 8. Besan (Gatte) ki Sabzi
 9. Kala-Chana Ghoomni
 10. Aloo Chokha
 11. Subzi Jhingni/Nenua With Chana (Black Gram)
 12. Chana daal ki Kachree
 13. Pua and Singal
 14. Motichoor Ladoo
 15. Til Barfi
 16. Peda
 17. Makhana Kheer
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I am using windows form for my application. I am loading another form on click of panel. Now I want to show sliding effect for opening and closing of form.I am able to add negative sliding effect while opening as form opens from right to left by overloading OnLoad event of form. But I am not able to hide the form with positive slide effect using AnimateWindow function. Is there any way to do this?
This is what I have used to show the form:
protected override void OnLoad(System.EventArgs e)
 NativeMethods.AnimateWindow(this.Handle, 500,
 AW_ACTIVATE | AW_SLIDE | AW_HOR_NEGATIVE);
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Can you show the code you use to hide the form and describe what happens when you call it? – stuartd Aug 31 '12 at 12:33
3 Answers 3
up vote 0 down vote accepted
Using your existing pattern - OnClosing + AW_HIDE does it in reverse.
protected override void OnClosing(CancelEventArgs e)
 AnimateWindow(this.Handle, 500, AW_ACTIVATE | AW_SLIDE | AW_HOR_NEGATIVE | AW_HIDE);
share|improve this answer
Why don't use simply Form.Location property.
Increase or decrease it's relative values to achieve sliding animation effect you want.
share|improve this answer
This library might be able to do what you want.
Example code from the site, which could, in your case, be placed in the Closing event.
Transition t = new Transition(new TransitionType_EaseInEaseOut(2000));
t.add(pictureBox1, "Left", 300);
t.add(pictureBox1, "Top", 200);
Once you've done the animation, you can use the TransitionCompletedEvent event to hide the form. (or you could animate the Opacity property of your form)
public event EventHandler TransitionCompletedEvent;
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


America's Cup 2021: Interactive explainer: Inside Team NZ's speed machine – how it all works
The boats being raced in this year's America's Cup are pushing the boundaries of both science and design.
The 75-foot foiling monohulls are unlike anything seen before in our waters and have been attracting huge interest and fanfare as they fly across the Waitematā Harbour daily.
But how exactly do these boats fly? What differences are there between Team NZ and Luna Rossa? And what are the responsibilities of each crew member?
Cheree Kinnear and AUT's Sailing Professor Mark Orams break down every inch of Team NZ and Luna Rossa's 75-foot, 7.5 tonne America's Cup boats.
The twin cantilevering foil arms, which extend out the side of the boat, provide lift and stability and are controlled by battery-powered hydraulics.
When the boats are foiling, the force of the wind on the sail is essentially trying to push the boat over on its side, so the foil in the water on the opposite side of the wind helps keeps it stable.
The other foil, if kept in the water would drag, therefore, is lifted. But because it's heavy it also helps with stability. The only time both foils are kept in the water is during a manoeuvre.
"The foils basically support the boat," Orams says. "They're around the size of an ironing board so you've got this massive yacht and all the force is supported by this very narrow foil."
The foil arms also have adjustable flaps attached to the bottom of each wing, and the flight controller's job is to control the flap's angle when foiling.
"If you think of an airplane's wings, the flaps go down to give you lift to take off and then as you take off, you'll see the pilot retract the flap as you've got enough speed that you've got to reduce the drag. It's the same principle with the main foils," says Orams.
Team New Zealand have fairly straight foils while Luna Rossa's resemble more of an inverted 'Y' shape and slant downwards to the tips.
"In aerodynamic terms that gives you more stability," Orams said. "So somehow Team NZ have figured out how to stay stable but have a really low drag set up on their foils. That tells me they must have a very sophisticated way of controlling their flaps."
Controlled by the helmsman, the rudder acts like the tail wing on a plane and is essentially a steering device.
The 'elevators' at the bottom of the rudder control the pitch of the yacht and enable stable flight -basically how much the boat flies nose up or nose down when foiling.
The rudder must work in unison with the foil arms, as Orams explains.
"If you've got them both going the same way, so both angles up, they'll both go to the sky and the boat will breach and fall to the surface. In contrast, if they're both down it'll nose dive so they have to work together."
Just like the foil arms, the larger the rudder, the more control the boat has, but once flying, the more drag it can create. The challenge is in striking the right balance.
While both teams have similar rudders, Team NZ's is the smallest.
The hull is the main body of the boat.
The unique difficulty with designing the hull of these foiling AC75's is, because it spends time both in and above the water, it needs to be built hydro-dynamically and aero-dynamically.
To achieve this balancing act, the hull needs to have enough buoyancy to take off yet be thin enough that when flying, has minimal drag.
Team NZ and Luna Rossa have relatively similar shaped hulls, in that they're arrow-shaped in design but Team NZ is much wider at the back.
"What they're trying to achieve is buoyancy in the hull by making it wide but as they present the hull to the wind direction, that it has as little profile as possible," Orams says.
"A little bit like a fighter jet.
"Luna Rossa's shape is less radical with no hard corners or bumps whereas Team NZ have a bit more of a narrow bow and boxy stern."
The other important aspect of the hull design is the shape of the keel. When the boat is at full flight, wind travelling underneath from one side of the hull to the other can create turbulence.
Extended keels, as seen on both boats, force the wind to go front to back and tunnel either side of the hull.
"It's a lot less drag and allows the boat to go faster," Orams says. "So both teams have these keels that drop from the middle of the boat that closes the gap between the water surface and the hull."
Mast & sails
Each boat must have an identical mast, but how it's installed, how much it leans and where it's positioned is up to the teams.
The sails are constructed out of carbon fibre. Team NZ and Luna Rossa both use North Sails, which are built in a mould.
The jib – being the triangular sail at the front of the boat – is single sided so when the boat goes from one tack to the other, the sail inverts in its shape onto the other side.
The mainsail, however, has two skins, and so creates a "soft wing".
"This is the engine of the yacht so how teams adjust it is huge," says Orams. "Mainsails are adjusted using hydraulics, powered by the grinders, how much power the grinders can produce determines how much adjustment the mainsail trimmer can make. And they have to be adjusted a lot for manoeuvres, puffs and lulls and they're always trying to manage the compromise between power and drag."
When it comes to race day, each team selects which sails to use based on recommendations from their meteorologist. The mainsails are selected fairly early but they leave their jib choice until much closer to the start time.
"You'll have your plan A, plan B and plan C before you even leave the dock," Orams said.
At the top of mast and front of the bowsprit, there are instruments that measure the wind strength and angle.
This provides the afterguard (helmsman and tactician) with valuable information when racing.
It also provides critical information about angle of attack, foil arm cant, pitch of the elevator and the rudder.
"They'll look at some key things such as the target of their boat speed, turn rate in manoeuvres, the speed going into a turn, through the turn and coming out and how they accelerate to get up to speed," said Orams.
"It determines where the mainsail is, the foils are adjusted to and the angle the helmsman is steering the yacht."
In basic terms, grinders use hand winches to create hydraulic power for the trimmers to adjust the sails.
To create hydraulic power, pressure needs to be created to pump hydraulic oil through pipes so the grinders ensure pressure is kept in the accumulator tanks.
"Think about it like a hot water cylinder. When filled up, you've got plenty of hot water and pressure but when you have two showers going, the pressure drops and so goes the temperature, the grinders are basically keeping the pressure up in those tanks," Orams explains.
"Without pressure, a person will essentially push a button and nothing will happen."
Both Team NZ and Luna Rossa have eight grinders, four on each side of the boat.
Flight controller
The flight controller is in charge of the foils and plays an essential part in ensuring the boat pulls off manoeuvres while foiling.
With the more traditional approach, Team NZ have thrust the role onto Blair Tuke.
Luna Rossa, on the other hand, has opted for the configuration with two helmsmen in Jimmy Spithill and Francesco Bruni, meaning both alternate in the role of flight controllers as they manage the foil control system.
Mainsail trimmer
The mainsail trimmer controls the 'engine'.
They're key to spotting changes in wind and can change the top and bottom sections of the mainsail.
But they must coordinate with the helmsman, as Orams explains.
"It's like if you were in a car and you've got one person on the steering wheel and the other with a foot on the accelerator. If they're not in sync with one another, it's really difficult," said Orams.
"They have to be like fighter pilots, very cool and calm."
The helmsman's primary responsibility is steering the boat and making decisions in manoeuvres.
He talks the team through their routines when entering a tack or gybe and the helmsman has the final say.
Team NZ has one helmsman – Peter Burling. But as mentioned above, Luna Rossa has opted to have two – Spithill and Bruni.
"The tricky thing for teams is when they change from one tack to another, how do they control the boat? Team NZ has one primary helmsman, and you want to steer the boat from the windward side. So when they go into a turn Burling ends up on the wrong side so Glenn Ashby has to steer while he crosses the back of the sail," Orams explains.
"In a new innovation, Luna Rossa have one helmsman on each side and swap between roles of steering the boat and controlling the pitch."
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text: Tempo is a declarative concurrent programming language based on classical first-order logic. It improves on traditional concurrent logic programming languages (e.g., Parlog) by explicitly specifying aspects of the behaviour of concurrent programs, namely their safety properties. This provides great advantages in writing concurrent programs and manipulating them while preserving correctness. The language has a procedural interpretation that allows the specification to be executed, also concurrently. Tempo is sufficiently high-level to simulate practical concurrent programming paradigms, and can act as a common framework in which algorithms for a variety of paradigms may be expressed, compared, and manipulated.