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There are several options for the etymology of Shaddai. My opinion is to take it from a word for "mountain."
I can't see how the wikisource gets to the translation it does. That certainly varies from the BHS. I think what they are doing is taking the et before shaddai as the mark of the accusative (thus making shaddai the direct object of the verb). While this is often the case (the most common that I have seen in my studies), it can also function to emphasize the subject in (see 2 Kings 6:5 and Gen 17:5 for two examples). I also note that there are several disjunctive accent marks in places that would shift the meaning closer to the more common translation.
Genesis 49:25 From the God of your father who helps you, And by the Almighty who blesses you With blessings of heaven above, Blessings of the deep that lies beneath, Blessings of the breasts and of the womb. [NASU]
There is Hebrew parallelism in this verse that the Wikisource misses. Notice how it breaks down;
From the God of your father who helps you,
And by the Almighty who blesses you With blessings of heaven above,
Blessings of the deep that lies beneath,
Blessings of the breasts and of the womb.
The first two parts line up in direct parallel. "The God of your father who helps you" parallels with "the almighty who blesses you." Then the next 3 clauses tell how that help and blessing comes. "A blessing on the breasts" misses that and breaks the flow.
Also, the word they translate as "squatting" means "lie down, recline, stretch out, lie down stretched out." That is a different position than "squat."
The Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament has this entry on el-shaddai.
[Skipping the breakdown of where it is found to get to the analysis]
The translation "Almighty" goes back to ancient times, at least as far back as the LXX, which translates shadday as pantokratœr "all powerful." This is also reflected in the Vulgate, omnipotens. The rabbinic analysis of this word is that it is a compound word composed of the relative she, "who" and the word day, "enough: she-day," the one who is (self-)sufficient" (Babylonian Talmud, Hagigah 12a).
In recent times these earlier suggestions have been all but rejected and new ones have been put in their place. We need to mention only some of the more tenable suggestions. One is that shadday is to be connected with the Hebrew verb shadad "to destroy," hence "my destroyer." A second possibility, and this is the most widely accepted today, is that shadday is to be connected with the Akkadian word, šadu "mountain." Thus El Shaddai would translate into English something like "God/El of the mountain," i.e. God's abode. The ending - ay is to be understood as an adjectival suffix (and thus the translation "of the.... "), a morphological feature now demonstrated by Ugaritic: for example, one of El's three daughters is called °rƒy ( °arƒi) and means, "she of the earth." Also related etymologically, in addition to Akkadian šadu is Ugaritic ¾d, (Cross, see bibliography pp. 248-250).
As El Shaddai God manifested himself to the patriarchs (Exo 6:3): specifically to Abraham, Gen 17:1; to Isaac, Gen 28:3; and to Jacob, Gen 35:11; Gen 43:14, Gen 48:3. The context for most of these references is the covenant, more precisely the command for obedience and faithfulness on the part of the vassal and the promise of progeny by God. It is not to the hills (natural phenomenon) that these men of faith looked for confidence but to the Lord of these hills, the Lord of the mountain (Psa 121:1-2).
Bibliography: Albright, W. F., "The Names Shaddai and Abram," JBL 54:173 - 93. Pope, M., in Job, AB, p. 44. Walker, M., "A New Interpretation of the Divine Name 'Shaddai'," ZAW 72:64-66. THAT, II, pp. 873-81. Cross, F. M., Harvard Theol. Review, Vol. 55 (1962), p. 246. V.P.H.


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An AC bridge circuit can be used to measure the unknown capacitance of a sensor, such as a relative humidity sensor.
An AC bridge circuit can be used to measure the unknown capacitance of a sensor, such as a relative humidity (RH) sensor. Some RH sensors have a transfer function of capacitance vs %RH. Usually the value of the capacitance change (∆C) from 0% to 100% is quite small. Using the NCD2400 digitally programmable capacitor array with high step resolution can help determine the value of the unknown capacitance and the RH using a standard AC bridge circuit.
The NCD2400 is an I2C controlled device in a tiny DFN package that offers a wide capacitance range and non-volatile operation with 512-state digital capacitor states. Data is written to it over a standard I2C 2-wire bus. Figure 1 shows the typical circuit.
The circuit functions as a simple AC bridge circuit with matching resistor values and a stable fixed frequency source. Cbulk can be fixed at the 0% RH capacitance of the particular RH sensor that will be used. For example, in Figure 2, the 0% bulk capacitance is about 270pF. Setting a fixed capacitor in the bridge of this approximate value allows the NCD shunt capacitance to be swept from 12.5pF to 60pF in 355fF steps (133 discrete values in this example). This swept capacitance correlates to a span of 282.5pF to 330pF or 0% to 100% RH based on the graph in Figure 2.
As capacitance is swept by writing to the NDC2400 from low capacitance to high capacitance, the differential amplifier outputs the difference voltage in the bridge. When the voltage minima is detected by the ADC/µC, the capacitance value of the NCD matches the RH sensor capacitance. At this point the capacitor value can be used to determine the RH%.
Calibration of the system is critical, and the system is usually calibrated in a humidity chamber to determine the calibration curve of the sensor. Since the relationship between RH and capacitance is not necessarily linear, the calibration will more likely yield a quadratic transfer function in the form:
Replacing Cp transfer function with the capacitance value obtained using the NCD and nulling the circuit will yield the RH result. The RH result, along with the measured temperature value from the temperature sensor in Figure 1, is then used to calculate the temperature compensated RH result as this will yield the most accuracy.
RH measurement is a complex task and all measurement uncertainties should be taken into account. Fortunately, if calibration is performed at the system level, many of the stray capacitances and branch impedances cancel and repeatability is good.
- How do you measure humidity?
- Humidity sensing--Capacitive sensing controllers in non-user-interface applications
- Generate proportional feedback from a bang-bang sensor with a "take back half" controller
- Film capacitors: Characteristics and uses in power applications
- Sensor basics: Types, functions and applications
- Design Ideas submission guide

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Colorization Systems for priority Bike Lanes and Bus Lanes
Bike and bus lanes are important components of sustainable street design. Using colored pavement for priority bike & bus lanes enhances safety and usability. Colored pavement helps visually elevate the bike lane or bus lane further defining the space and helping differentiate the dedicated area from the vehicular portion of the road. The coloring is a constant and bold visual reminder to motorists that the priority lanes are present.
The highly visible colored pavement encourages bicycling and the use of transit. As it does in Europe where the colored bike lanes and bus lanes are prevalent, it makes the statement that alternative transportation is important.
StreetBondCL™ is a proprietary coating technology designed for bike lane or bus lane colorization. StreetBondCL™ creates safe, low maintenance and user-friendly bike lanes and bus lanes. Our proprietary asphalt coating technology is color-fast, will not peel or delaminate and is skid & slip resistant. StreetBondCL™ can incorporate StreetBondSR™ solar reflective technology for cool pavements as well.
Lessons to be learned from New York City and Europe
Colored bike lanes and bus lanes have been used in Europe for years. Cities from London to Paris and Amsterdam have comprehensive bike sharing and alternative transportation programs. With the introduction of StreetBondCL™ colorization treatments for bus lane and bike lanes, cities in North America are embracing StreetBondCL™ as a practical, long lasting colorization solution for their alternate transportation requirements.
Visit our project gallery to see examples of StreetBondCL™.
GAF specializes in innovative coating and thermoplastic systems for enhancing asphalt surfaces. Established in 1992 and currently active throughout North America and internationally, GAF is the proven technology leader in its field. Our systems facilitate innovative street and parking lot design and contribute to more livable communities. We not only strive for visual excellence; we design solutions that are durable, practical, safe and sustainable.
Learn more about our Alternate Transportation solutions – click here to Contact Us.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The 2018 health plan rates can be viewed below:
Choosing a Plan
Eastern offers comprehensive health and vision plans with eligibility varying by employee groups. Our benefits emphasize prevention and health maintenance promoting quality of life. We're committed to maintaining an extensive and competitive benefits program enabling us to attract and retain the people needed to carry out our mission. To see the 2017 health/vision plan options, choose your classification group below:
Additional Eligible Adult (AEA) Information
An additional eligible adult (AEA) is someone who has lived with you in your primary dwelling for a least a year and is not a dependent or related by blood or marriage. If you add them to your health or dental plan, there is a cost share and you're responsible for paying the additional taxes as well.
- What do you need to know about the Affordable Care Act?
- How does EMU handle your private, health information? Read our HIPAA notice.
- Do you have children? Read the Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2009.
- Are you a woman facing a cancer diagnosis? Get important information about your rights.
- Guide to using EMU Autism Benefits [PDF]
- Here is a helpful Benefits Compliance Guide, for a brief overview of important notices and information related to healthcare and employee rights. Benefits Compliance Guide [PDF]


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NSEventWrite (Transact-SQL)
SQL Server 2005
Submits one event to the events table for the event class. You must use NSEventBeginBatchEventClassName to open a new batch and NSEventFlushBatchEventClassName to close the batch. You can submit multiple events before closing the batch.
[ schema_name. ] NSEventWriteEventClassName
 [ _USER_ = ] event_batch_ID,
 [ _USER_ = ] event_class_field_value [,...n]
[ _USER_ = ] event_ batch_ID
Is the ID of the event batch for the event. The event batch ID number must exist in the event batches table. event_batch_ID is bigint and has no default value.
[ _USER_ = ] event_class_field_value
Provides a name/value pair for an event class field. One event_class_field_name and event_class_field_value pair can be supplied for each column in the event table. If the column has a default value or accepts NULL, the name/value pair is not required.
0 (success) or 1 (failure)
Microsoft SQL Server Notification Services creates the NSEventWriteEventClassName stored procedure in the application database when you create the instance. When you update the application, Notification Services recompiles the stored procedure.
To use a query to obtain a set of events and then submit them to an application, use NSEventSubmitBatchEventClassName.
The following example shows how to begin an event batch, write one event, and then close the event batch. The event provider for the event batch is StockEP and the event batch ID number is returned in the _USER_ output parameter.
DECLARE _USER_ bigint;
EXEC dbo.NSEventBeginBatchStockEvents N'StockEP', _USER_ OUTPUT;
EXEC dbo.NSEventWriteStockEvents
EXEC dbo.NSEventFlushBatchStockEvents _USER_;
SELECT _USER_ 'Event Batch';
This example assumes that you are using SQL Server Management Studio, because the event batch ID is returned in the SELECT statement so you can see which event batch was created.
Community Additions
© 2015 Microsoft


text:
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
Dynamic Performance Analysis of a Flow Control Valve -Considering the Spring Regulating Device
Feng, Tang Chien
|關鍵字:||Flow Control Valve||出版社:||機械工程學系||摘要:||
由模擬之結果可知：(1) 當控制閥之柱塞開度(Xc)小於特性開度時，則流量控制閥的流量輸出將與柱塞開度之間成線性關係。(2) 完整流量控制閥之特性在達平衡的過程中，有上下震盪的現象，因而增加達成平衡的時間。(3) 傳輸管路會對流量控制閥之特性產生延遲的現象。(4) 簡化之流量控制閥的流量輸出與柱塞開度不再具線性關係。
In the present paper, the dynamic performance of a flow control valve is simulated numerically by solving the character equations of the flow control valve. The effects of the transmission line and the spring regulator of the flow control device on the flow characteristics will be further investigated. The time series solutions of the valve performance are firstly presented at a specified valve opening. The functional relationships of the flow properties versus the valve openings are then studied completely.
The results show that the flow rates out of the control valve are linearly proportional to the valve openings, when the valve openings are limited below a specific length, which is determined by the design properties of the flow control valve. The transient oscillations are observed due to the effects of the spring regulator inside the flow control valve. The steady state is attained after a short transient time. It is found the presence of the transmission line will delay the dynamic responses of the control valve. For a simplified flow control valve, the out flow rates are found not linearly related to the valve openings.
|Appears in Collections:||機械工程學系所|
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SFTP Icon SFTP ADO.NET Provider
An easy-to-use database-like interface for .NET applications access to remote files and directories.
Build an OLAP Cube in SSAS from SFTP Data
Establish a connection to SFTP data data from SQL Server Analysis Services, and use the SFTP Data Provider to build OLAP cubes for use in analytics and reporting.
SQL Server Analysis Services (SSAS) serves as an analytical data engine employed in decision support and business analytics, offering high-level semantic data models for business reports and client applications like Power BI, Excel, Reporting Services reports, and various data visualization tools. When coupled with the CData ADO.NET Provider for SFTP, you gain the capability to generate cubes from SFTP data, facilitating more profound and efficient data analysis.
In this article, we will guide you through the process of developing and deploying a multi-dimensional model of SFTP data by creating an Analysis Services project in Visual Studio. To proceed, ensure that you have an accessible SSAS instance and have installed the ADO.NET Provider.
Creating a Data Source for SFTP
Start by creating a new Analysis Service Multidimensional and Data Mining Project in Visual Studio. Next, create a Data Source for SFTP data in the project.
 1. In the Solution Explorer, right-click Data Source and select New Data Source.
 2. Opt to create a data source based on an existing or new connection and click New.
 3. In the Connection Manager, select CData ADO.NET Provider for SFTP, enter the necessary connection properties, and click Next.
 SFTP can be used to transfer files to and from SFTP servers using the SFTP Protocol. To connect, specify the RemoteHost;. service uses the User and Password and public key authentication (SSHClientCert). Choose an SSHAuthMode and specify connection values based on your selection.
 Set the following connection properties to control the relational view of the file system:
 - RemotePath: Set this to the current working directory.
 - TableDepth: Set this to control the depth of subfolders to report as views.
 - FileRetrievalDepth: Set this to retrieve files recursively and list them in the Root table.
 Stored Procedures are available to download files, upload files, and send protocol commands. See gdatamodel for more on using SQL to interact with the server.
 When you configure the connection, you may also want to set the Max Rows connection property. This will limit the number of rows returned, which is especially helpful for improving performance when designing reports and visualizations.
 4. Set the impersonation method to Inherit and click Next.
 5. Name the data source (CData SFTP Source) and click Finish.
Creating a Data Source View
After you create the data source, create the data source view.
 1. In the Solution Explorer, right-click Data Source Views and select New Data Source View.
 2. Select the data source you just created (CData SFTP Source) and click Next.
 3. Choose a foreign key match pattern that matches your underlying data source and click Next.
 4. Select SFTP tables to add to the view and click Next.
 5. Name the view and click Finish
Based on the foreign key match scheme, relationships in the underlying data will be automatically detected. You can view (and edit) these relationships by double clicking Data Source View.
Note that adding a secondary data source to the Data Source View is not supported. When working with multiple data sources, SSAS requires both sources to support remote queries via OpenRowset which is unavailable in the ADO.NET Provider.
Creating a Cube for SFTP
The last step before you can process the project and deploy SFTP data to SSAS is creating the cubes.
 1. In the Solution Explorer, right-click Cubes and select New Cube
 2. Select "Use existing tables" and click Next.
 3. Select the tables that will be used for measure group tables and click Next.
 4. Select the measures you want to include in the cube and click Next.
 5. Select the dimensions to be created, based on the available tables, and click Next.
 6. Review all of your selections and click Finish.
Process the Project
With the data source, data source view, and cube created, you are ready to deploy the cube to SSAS. To configure the target server and database, right-click the project and select properties. Navigate to deployment and configure the Server and Database properties in the Target section.
After configuring the target server and database, right-click the project and select Process. You may need to build and deploy the project as a part of this step. Once the project is built and deployed, click Run in the Process Database wizard.
Now you have an OLAP cube for SFTP data in your SSAS instance, ready to be analyzed, reported, and viewed. Get started with a free, 30-day trial of the CData ADO.NET Provider for SFTP.


Mosiah 6-7: Limhi's People in Bondage
Book of Mormon Student Study Guide, (2000), 78
After making a record of all those who made a covenant with Christ, King Benjamin appointed his son Mosiah (Mosiah II) to rule the kingdom. What do you think the new king would do first? You may be surprised at what Mosiah did. Mosiah 7 gives a preview of what happened to the Nephites who went back to the land of Nephi that we read about in Omni 1:27–30. You will read this story in greater detail in Mosiah 9–22.
Understanding the Scriptures
Mosiah 6
Expedient (v. 1)Appropriate, desirable
Mosiah 7
Teasings (v. 1)Repeated requests
Endeavor (v. 12)Try
Subjection (vv. 18, 22)Under the control of others
Effectual (v. 18)Effective
Over-zealous (v. 21)Too eager
Craftiness (v. 21)Deceptive means
Succor (v. 29)Help, assist, aid
Hedge up (v. 29)Block
Mosiah 7:1–6—Where Was the Land of Lehi-Nephi in Relationship to the Land of Zarahemla?
Sometime after King Mosiah I (the father of King Benjamin) arrived in Zarahemla, a group of people wanted to go back to the land of Nephi. The first group that went failed because of contention (see Omni 1:27–28). A second group, led by Zeniff, succeeded in establishing a settlement in the land of Lehi-Nephi (see Omni 1:29–30; Mosiah 7:9, 21). About 50 years later, King Mosiah II sent a group under the leadership of Ammon to find out what happened to Zeniff's people (see Mosiah 7:1–6). For more information, see "Possible Book of Mormon Sites (in Relation to Each Other)" (p. 203).
Studying the Scriptures
Do activity A or B as you study Mosiah 6–7.
Activity A iconWrite Your Own Record
King Benjamin asked that a record be made of those people who made the covenant to follow Jesus Christ (see Mosiah 6:1). Today in the Church we also keep records. Every member of the Church has a record that shows family relationships and important dates. Just as the people of King Benjamin, your name has been recorded as one who made a covenant with Christ. List several important events that have and will occur in your life. For those events that have already occurred, also list the dates.
Activity B iconWrite a Letter
Suppose you lived at the time of Limhi and you had family members who were ill and unable to hear Limhi's speech to his people. Study Mosiah 7:17–33, and then write a letter to your family, detailing the important principles Limhi taught. Be sure to explain the following:
 1. 1.
 Why they should "be comforted" (v. 18)
 2. 2.
 Why the Lamanites let the people return to the land of Lehi-Nephi
 3. 3.
 The real reason for the present troubles
 4. 4.
 What the people must do to be delivered


Prototyp av informationssystem för militärfordon
Detta är en Magister-uppsats från Umeå universitet/Institutionen för datavetenskap; Umeå universitet/Institutionen för datavetenskap
Författare: Oskar Lindgren; John Talling; [2011]
Nyckelord: ;
Sammanfattning: Computer based information systems play an important role in modern military combat vehicles. The crew needs to be able to quickly get information about both the vehicle and its outer surroundings in order to quickly make the correct decisions. In this report, we describe the development of a prototype new information system for the BvS10 vehicle, manufactured by BAE System Hägglunds AB in Örnsköldsvik. An important aspect of the system is the time it takes from the point that the information is generated by the vehicle sensors until it is presented to the user. The system must be able to ensure that it never displays information that is out of date. Thus, it is important to create a layer and component based architecture for the solution, making it possible to control, in detail, the information's age as it moves through the system. In connection to this, we also perform a deeper study of component based design in general and for Microsoft .NET in particular. We also discuss the timing related problems that can occur on garbage collection programming platforms (such as .NET) and show some of their solutions proposed in the scientific literature.
 HÄR KAN DU HÄMTA UPPSATSEN I FULLTEXT. (följ länken till nästa sida)


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Literature: Mass Effect: Revelation
Mass Effect: Revelation is a novel within the Mass Effect universe.
It serves as a prequel to the first game, telling the story of how Capt. Anderson tried and failed to become a Spectre, and how Saren found Sovereign.
Mass Effect: Revelation provides examples of the following tropes:
 - Anti-Hero / Anti-Villain / Villain Protagonist: Saren.
 - Armor-Piercing Question: The asari councilor asks one of Goyle, when she asks her whether humanity has ever put the interests of the galaxy above its own interests as a species.
 - Badass Normal: In a universe with dinosaur-like aliens with extremely fast regenerative capabilities and people who can manipulate gravity with their minds, Anderson manages to kill Skarr, a member of said aliens AND able to manipulate gravity with his mind, with little more than a pistol. By himself.
 - Call Forward: The retired Admiral Grissom (not fond of visitors) goes to answer his door and wonders who it might be. "If it was a reporter, he'd punch him — or her — right in the mouth."
 - Even Evil Has Standards: Though Saren's torture of Groto was for information, Saren also stopped him from torturing a human prostitute and was disgusted by Groto's intentions. This trope is in play because Saren despises humans.
 - Eye Scream: Groto Ib-ba, a mercenary member of the batarians, a species whose members each have four eyes, gets one of them burst — not removed, burst — by his torturer during interrogation. This particular instance is also one of Pay Evil unto Evil, as the victim in question was also hateful of humans and had planned to "break" a human prostitute as a means of "stress relief". The novel says Groto even went out of his way to try and pick the weakest prostitute to make it more likely he'd break her.
 - First Contact: The book begins just after this happens.
 - Foreshadowing: Ambassador Goyle suggests that there could already be an advanced AI out there somewhere in the galaxy (besides the geth).
 - Framing Device: Set up the Mass Effect universe, since the game was unreleased during its publication.
 - Freudian Excuse: Apparently Saren's hatred of humanity was caused by his brother's death during the First Contact War. Of course, that does nothing to defend Saren's brutal treatment of every other species that gets in his way.
 - Humanoid Aliens: Early on, the book lampshades their commonness in the franchise. Anderson subscribes to the most common explanation, that there's some undiscovered evolutionary advantage to the humanoid body structure.
 - Jack Bauer Interrogation Technique / Cold-Blooded Torture: Depending on whether you view Saren as an Anti-Hero or Villain Protagonist.
 - Mythology Gag / Self-Deprecation: There's a line somewhere about a lengthy elevator ride.
 - Prequel
 - Rule Number One:
 "I have two rules I follow," Saren explained. "The first is: never kill someone without a reason."
 "And the second?" Anderson asked, suspicious.
 "You can always find a reason to kill someone."
 - Start of Darkness: For Saren, though the story shows that he was a huge racist and Knight Templar even before he turned bad.
 - Token Romance: Anderson and Kahlee Sanders, though it does not actually go anywhere.
 - Vasquez Always Dies: Subverted; Dah is 6' 3", stated to be stronger then most of the men in her squad and with an attitude that's kept her from advancing in her career. She gets ambushed and badly hurt, but ends up recovering to full health.
Mass Effect InfiltratorFranchise/Mass EffectMass Effect: Ascension
Mass Effect: RetributionScience Fiction LiteratureMed Ship
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The Wildlife Conservation Society has announced the birth of the first genetically pure bison calf ever produced by embryo transfer through a program aimed to establish a breeding herd of non-introgressed bison (without cattle genes) for restoration projects and zoos. Using female bison from the American Prairie Reserve herd, a healthy calf was born this summer to a happy and protective mother.
From the Wildlife Conservation Society:
The Wildlife Conservation Society's Bronx Zoo has announced the birth of the first ever genetically pure American bison calf produced by embryo transfer.
The success is the result of collaboration between Colorado State University, USDA-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, the American Prairie Reserve, and the Wildlife Conservation Society.
In the fall of 2011 WCS arranged for a group of female bison originating from the American Prairie Reserve to be sent to the CSU's Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory facility in Fort Collins, Colo. to serve as recipients for fertilized embryos from a herd of genetically pure bison managed by USDA-APHIS. Dr. Jennifer Barfield, a CSU reproductive physiologist, and her team collected the embryos non-surgically and implanted them into the surrogate bison.
An ultrasound exam performed two months after the embryo transfers confirmed that one animal was pregnant. "This science illustrates that we can engineer breeding of pure-bred bison so that their valuable genetics can be incorporated into other herds or used to create new herds," said Dr. Barfield, CSU Assistant Professor. "We are able to produce bison that have pure genetics and are also free of any diseases that can afflict the bison population at Yellowstone."
The pregnant bison and her herdmates were moved to the Bronx Zoo in early April and the calf was born on June 20. The mother, calf, and herd continue to do well and are maintained in a section of the zoo that is not open to the public. Although this group and the calf will not go on exhibit, zoo visitors can see American bison on the Bronx Zoo's bison range.
A second round of embryo transfer will be attempted with the herd of surrogate females in the fall, with the goal of eventually establishing a breeding herd of genetically pure bison.
"The Bronx Zoo played an important historical role in the recovery of the American bison, and by establishing a pure herd, the zoo will be, in essence, returning to its roots," said Dr. Pat Thomas, WCS Vice President/Bronx Zoo General Curator and Associate Director. "The offspring of these bison will be used in future restoration programs and to establish herds in other AZA-accredited zoos."
The bison is an American conservation success story. In the early 1900's, the bison was on the verge of extinction – numbering less than 1,100 individuals after roaming North America in the tens of millions only a century earlier. In 1907 and 1913, the Bronx Zoo sent two herds of bison out west to re-establish the species. Today, bison number in the hundreds of thousands in the U.S. and are found in state and national parks, wildlife refuges, and on tribal and private lands. However the vast majority of present-day bison have traces of domestic cattle genes, a reflection of past interbreeding efforts when western ranchers tried to create a hardier breed of cattle.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


How can animation blueprints be shared among different skeletons?
Using retargeted animations will copy animation resources and animation blueprints, which is not reliable because when I modify the source animation blueprint, the copied version will not be modified synchronously. It would be nice if the copied animation blueprint could use different skeletons and inherit the source animation blueprint, but I don't know how to do it.
Now I've learned how to do these things. The reply has some questions about what I mean. I mean, animbp parent class uses skeleton A, subclass uses skeleton B, A and B may be completely different skeletons, for example, A is a human, B is a spider. They use the same logic, but the animation resources played vary with the skeleton. In subclass, I just need to replace each animation resource. Editing animation logic in the parent class will be synchronized to the subclass. Now I've done it.
Parent AnimBPClass：
AnimBP Subclass：
However, when UE4 started to design, epic did not seem to expect us to do so, so the support for this design was not good.I gave feedback and hope that the official modification function can support us to do as shown in the figure below, so that I can modify the bone name of blend in subclass.
Do you mean the different skeletons have differently-named bones, or are they different instances of the same skeleton (e.g. the default unreal mannequin, like when you have several marketplace packs in your project).
If it is the latter, I delete the skeleton from one pack, and then the engine asks me to assign the animations to a new skeleton, and I assign it the skeleton of the other pack's animations.
I think OP is asking about how to use different skeletons without having to make new animBPs for each one.
I haven't gotten too into this myself but I think probably the thing you need to do is actually make sure you are using the same skeleton for every character you animate. But, let's say you have a male and female version of the character that share the same skeleton that need to use different animations, you would do all your logic in a parent animBP for, say, the male and then create a child animBP of this for your female and use animation blueprint overrides to change the animations you want to use the female set.
In short, as far as I know, you can only use one skeleton per animBP so make all your characters that need to share an animBP with the same skeleton.
The skeleton is assigned per UAnimInstance class. (which your blueprint is derived from) If you want to change the skeleton asset association, you need to create a new class. This means that you have to make a main animation blueprint and create a child blueprint from it. (right click animbp and Create child blueprint class) Then change the skeleton association in the child blueprint Class Settings. (close the blueprint and open it again after doing this)
You will run into a problem after doing this, which is that the animation overrides are bugged and it will not allow you to select animations from your new skeleton. The only way to get around this is to create sequence variables in your main blueprint for every playback node, then update your variable assignments in the child blueprint. The only downside here is that some nodes, like random sequence player, does not support variable inputs.
possibly the lack of fast track, and a few other issues as well.
Its probably easier to right click the animation bp and choose the re-target option.
It will create a copy of everything tied to the skeleton you choose.
You can also overwrite existing files with this process.
I agree, its not as nice as being able to change skeleton on the fly, but every animation needs to be tracked to the correct skeleton still.
I think there is/has been some work put in to remove this limitation, but the reality is unless you specifically tag things to a skeleton the engine doesn't know how to operate the tracks.
With identical skeletons, the proper way to create a copy has been explained (even above) there's a full topic within this section of the forum that details the step by step process.
Not sure if this supports all animation features, fast track, etc. But to make a duplicate in a pinch it has worked well enough for me in the past.
going forward I'd probably refrain from it and make hard copies :stuck_out_tongue:
Fast path have never been affected on our end when using pure variable inputs, which makes sense as it's just a copy of a value or ref/address. The child class is using the same anim graph as its parent class, so it seems far fetched for it to be affected at all.
I updated my post to explain more specifically. Now I have a general idea of how to implement it, but UE4 still limits our development.
I got a lot of done in child BPs when putting al sequences and blend spaces with pins into their player (expose to pin) and then change class defaults and skeleton in the child. But I do not get it done for Aim Offset. Even if I am able to expose the BlendSpace Pin of AimOffset to a variable and change it in the child, it seems AimOffset Node is hard-bound to skeleton. Someone has a solution for using AimOffset in child Anim BP with different skeletons?
Known solution is not working for me. UE4.26.2
EDIT: Sorry, seems to be simply a problem in the Aim Offset of my child Anim BP. Not sure what it was in detail, but Aim offset in child Anim bp was not ready, other value name, etc. When I changed child AimOffset that it has correct anims, and also same value as aimoffset of parent, all runs fine in child anim bp,


Reading File Content
by Martin Seiler (modified: 2007 Feb 26)
In this tutorial I'll briefly explain how one can load the content of an ASCII file into a single string.
The deferred class FILE cannot be used directly as it is deferred.
The descendant PLAIN_TEXT_FILE is what we're actually looking for.
Basic steps
The basic steps are the following: local l_file: PLAIN_TEXT_FILE l_content: STRING do create l_file.make_create_read_write (a_path) l_file.read_stream (l_file.count) l_content := l_file.last_string.twin l_file.close end
Let's have a brief look at each single line:
Opening a file
We instantiate the class and open the file directly for read. Doing it like that has the advantage that it is just one line. create l_file.make_create_read_write (a_path) Note: It might happen that the postcondition is violated if you don't have the permission to do the file operation for the path specified. We will later take this into account.
Reading from a file
l_file.read_stream (l_file.count) There are several other read methods available. For example you can use read_line to read a single line of a given file. l_content := l_file.last_string.twin As the command/query separation principle is implemented, the result is always stored in last_.... Reading an integer from an ASCII file would look the following:\ l_file.read_integer l_integer := l_file.last_integer Note that we perform a call to twin for instances of type string as there is only one buffer per file object and it is overwritten by the next read command. If we do a twin we make sure that we don't have any surprising side effects later. So in general I recommend to do it for all non expanded types.
Closing a file
l_file.close Last but not least we close the file to free system resources. However, if we simply set the reference to Void this will do job as well, as the garbage collector calls dispose before he collects the object, which in turn calls close if the file is still open.
Better error handling
The creation feature we used so far initializes the object and tries to open the file right away. If the files does not exist an attempt to create it will be made. Which may possibly fail if you don't have the proper rights to do so. Still, the file will be empty and this is maybe not what the original intention of the programmer was.
To get more control over the whole process I recommend a different, more sophisticated way of achieving the same: local l_file: PLAIN_TEXT_FILE do create l_file.make (a_path) -- We perform several checks until we make a real attempt to open the file. if not l_file.exists then print ("error: '" + a_path + "' does not exist%N") else if not l_file.is_readable then print ("error: '" + a_path + "' is not readable.%N") else l_file.open_read l_file.read_stream (l_file.count) Result := l_file.last_string.twin l_file.close end end end This feature checks several possible error conditions and prints error messages. The pattern will be the same in most cases, but the error handling will most likely depend on you application. So you could write a feature suited for your application with proper error handling and then simply reuse that feature whenever you need to open a file. If you don't want to copy paste the code all the time and just change the two error handling lines a more fine tuned class could implement the observer pattern implemented by using agents.


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This paper discusses various alternative definitions of technocracy. It suggests that it is the interaction of particular personnel, institutional, an ideological forces that define technocratic regimes. The paper then suggest that five mechansims help account for the rise of such regimes: complexity, legitimation through performance, institutional autonomy, regime stability, and world systems. The paper finsihes with a pessimistic appraisal of the possibility of a coexistence between technocracy and democracy.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Economics and Econometrics


Setting up and using windows HOST file
Host files used in windows to describe many-to-one mapping of device names to IP addresses. Using this file is helpful when developing locally as it allows you to assign the URL of the site to a local IP.
First, find you host file:
Windows NT/2000/XP Pro c:\\winnt\\system32\\drivers\\etc\\hosts
Windows XP Home c:\\windows\\system32\\drivers\\etc\\hosts
The HOST file doesn't have an extention and can be opened with notepad.
** Before we go any further make sure you back this up - just in case ***
You should see something like:
......# Additionally, comments (such as these) may be inserted on individual# lines or following the machine name denoted by a '#' symbol.# For example:# 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # source server# 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com # x client host127.0.0.1 localhost
As with SQL '#' mean comments, so the only active line there is
127.0.0.1 localhost
What does that mean. Well everytime you access localhost (like in a browser, or PING'd from a command line) you are acutally accessing the IP address 127.0.0.1. So lets say i'm developing a new blog. In Apache (or any web server) i'd set up the IP address 127.0.0.2 to look at my document root. Then in the HOST file i'd have
127.0.0.2 _URL_
Alternatively I could just point the host to 127.0.0.1 instead of setting up a new IP. What you cannot do is map to a IP and port i.e. 127.0.0.1:8080
By the way, if you're wondering why i've changed the URL to have www2 as the prefix? It's that the HOST file is used first when going to a domain. For example try out the following
127.0.0.1 _URL_
then goto _URL_.
N.B. If you use a proxy then you will need to bypass the proxy server for local addresses
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How do you take care of a 7 8 week old squirrel?
If the baby is pink, fat, round, warm and squirms when touched, allow at least two hours for his mother to find him again. Put him in a high-sided box he can't fall out of, put in a clean T-shirt and attach the box to the tree you found him under, as high as you can, or place it nearby out of reach of predators.
Can a baby squirrel survive falling out of a tree?
Baby squirrels that fall to the ground will perish unless their mothers find them in time or wildlife lovers step up to save their lives. Mom is probably out there. She did not abandon it, and she doesn't care that you touched it. Dry it with a towel if it is wet.
What can I feed my 7 week old squirrel?
These foods may include kale, broccoli, apples, grapes, sweet potato, and hard-shelled nuts out of the shell and a good quality rodent diet. ( At Chris's Squirrels and More we offer Mazuri Rodent Block or Zupreme Primate Dry Diet.) Your squirrel will still be consuming formula till about 9-10 weeks of age.
How old is a baby squirrel when it leaves the mother?
Baby squirrels rely on their mother for a long time, weaning gradually after about 8 weeks and remaining with mother until 12 weeks of age, so a fluffy little 6week old, eyes-open baby, although mobile, is still totally dependent.
Why does my baby squirrel Pee all the time?
Baby squirrels teethe twice, once for upper teeth and once for lowers. Teething may cause the baby to suddenly refuse to eat, or eat less than normal, and you may see a little blood. This is normal and should pass after 24 hours. Smelly Urine. Pee should not smell when the baby pees; this indicates a urinary tract infection.
What kind of disease can kill a squirrel?
Mange can kill a squirrel if it is old, debilitated, or malnourished. The mechanism of death is anemia from thousands of Mange Mites feeding on the squirrel's blood. Anemia decreases the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. It also compromises the Immune system making the squirrel vulnerable to disease.
How often do baby squirrels lose their teeth?
Baby squirrels teethe twice, once for upper teeth and once for lowers. Teething may cause the baby to suddenly refuse to eat, or eat less than normal, and you may see a little blood. This is normal and should pass after 24 hours.
What happens if a baby squirrel is left untreated?
If diarrhea is left untreated, a baby squirrel can get dehydrated and develop an electrolyte imbalance. If an electrolyte imbalance is left untreated, it can cause a heart arrhythmia, which could lead to sudden cardiac death. All this can be prevented by bringing milk and cream mixture to a boil.
What causes mange on the back of a squirrel?
Sarcoptic Mange is caused by a tiny mite called "Sarcoptes scabiei," that burrows under the skin to feed on the blood of the squirrel. It causes severe itching, a rash, crust formation on the skin and hair loss. The picture on the left shows an Eastern Grey with mange on it's lower back.
How often should I give my Squirrel ivermectin?
This squirrel would do well by treating it with a small quantity of Ivermectin Paste spread on a Nut Meat. We give approximately 1/2 to 1 drop of Ivermectin 1.87% once a week for 3 weeks to make sure that all active mites and all newly hatched mites are killed.
How can you tell if a squirrel has dermatophytosis?
The way you can tell this condition from Mange is the absence of irritation, crusting or rash. There is hair loss, but that is all. Dermatophytosis is caused by a fungus that attacks the shaft of the hair where it emerges from the skin.


Generation of Visual Hull Models of 3D Objects
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Generation of Visual Hull Models of 3D Objects Powered By Docstoc
 Generation of Visual Hull Models of 3D Objects
Phillip Milne Fred Nicolls Gerhard de Jager Digital Image Processing Group, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa _EMAIL_.za
Abstract
This paper describes a method for generating visual hull models of 3D objects from digital images. The method can use one or more cameras in diﬀerent setups to acquire various views of an object. From the generated images, 2D objects are segmented out giving the objects silhouettes. The silhouettes are projected into 3D space to create an estimate of the upper bound to the structure of the object (visual hull of the object). Methods to display the output are also provided.
visual hull is an upper bound estimate to the 3D structure of an object.
2
Cameras
Because cameras play such a signiﬁcant role in this project, it is necessary to become familiar with the various characteristics of these digital devices. The pinhole camera model is brieﬂy described below.
2.1
The Pinhole Camera Model
1
Introduction
In computer vision systems it is often necessary to determine the three dimensional (3D) structure of an object. The information contained in the structure can be used for many things, such as classiﬁcation and/or recognition of objects. An application where this could be of some beneﬁt is in a shape classiﬁcation system. There are currently a number of diﬀerent automated techniques available that could accomplish this task. The technique to be investigated in this paper involves the computer processing of digital images to generate the visual hull. Multiple images are generated from cameras positioned around an object in an accurately calibrated system. Calibration is discussed brieﬂy in this paper.
1.1
The Visual Hull
The visual hull is computed by back-projecting silhouettes observed from multiple viewpoints in a process known as volume intersection. The
All cameras perform a perspective transformation from some 3D space (the real world) to a 2D point in the retinal plane (image plane). In the camera model, three diﬀerent coordinate systems are deﬁned: the camera coordinate system, the image plane coordinate system and the world coordinate system. In the camera's coordinate system, the camera is positioned at the origin (0,0,0). The distance from the camera centre to the image plane is the focal length (f). The focal length is the distance from the camera center along the optical axis to the point where it intersects the image plane at the principal point (or image centre) [5]. Most images use pixels as their unit of measurement, but this is dependent on the technology of the camera. The image origin (0,0) is generally positioned in the top left corner of the image . To map a point from the image reference frame to the cameras, the units need to be converted to match that of the camera's. A coordinate translation, and sometimes a scaling, is then used to map a point from one reference frame to the other. This can be more clearly seen in ﬁgure 1 [1].
27
 The world coordinate system is discussed in a 2.2.2 Mirror Setup: later section. The acquisition of images using a mirror setup reduces the number of expensive cameras required in the implementation, while still providing the multiple views of the object. This could increase the amount of software processing. An example of this setup is displayed in ﬁgure 3. An advantage of this method is that in order to improve the estimated upper bound of the object's shape, more mirrors are required, and not more cameras. A possible negative aspect is that more mirrors could also increase the processing requirements in the software, as it would have the eﬀect of increasing the number of virtual cameras. Figure 1: Pinhole Camera Model
2.2
Camera Systems
Multiple image views can be obtained from a variety of diﬀerent camera setups. The more views of the object available, the more accurate the visual hull will be. A few diﬀerent ideas for accomplishing this follow. 2.2.1 Multiple-Cameras: 2.2.3
Figure 3: Mirror Setup
As the name implies, more than one camera is used in this setup. (See ﬁgure 2) This is the simplest method to implement and also the most expensive as it involves using more than one camera. Here, the cameras are placed in diﬀerent positions relative to the object.
Rotation of Object or Camera:
A rotating camera setup is not always practical for most real time systems, but could be more useful in many other cases. This setup can produce more accurate results depending on the number of rotational increments used. The accuracy on the visual hull estimate increases with the number of views.
3
Calibration
Figure 2: Multiple Camera Setup
In this system, the inputs are not limited to the images alone. A detailed knowledge of the camera's poses and positioning relative to each other is also a necessity. To obtain this information, our system needs to be accurately calibrated. System calibration can be done in many ways, the more commonly used method involving a calibration object.
28
 3.1
Calibration Object
A calibration object can be of any size or proportion (preferably matched to the camera's ﬁeld of view), so long as its dimensions are accurately known. As an example, a 20-sided calibration object is shown in ﬁgure 4. This object was constructed from cardboard. Each face is triangular. The faces of this object were marked using a binary labelling system.
being the relative pose and positioning of the diﬀerent cameras with respect to the object and each other. The origin of the world coordinate system in this case is arbitrary. The world reference frame includes all cameras as well as the object. To move from a camera's reference frame to the world reference frame, a rigid body transform is required. 3.3.1 Rigid Body Transform
A matrix where the upper 2 × 2 matrix is orthogonal represents a rigid body transform. It preserves both lengths and angles of shapes. Note that an arbitrary sequence of rotations and translations is also of this form i.e. it is also a rigid body transform.
4
Figure 4: Calibration Object The near exact dimensions were calculated from many (in excess of 20) image views of the calibration object. The images, the number of sides on the object, and a description of the binary pattern were fed into a program which had as its output the exact dimensions of the input object [2].
Image Processing
3.2
System Calibration
Once the calibration object has been placed into the camera environment, calibration can begin. In initial experiments, two cameras were used (See ﬁgure 2. for a description). The images obtained from this environment, along with the known accurate structure of the calibration object, were then passed to a diﬀerent program which returned information on the relative pose, positioning and focal lengths of the two cameras. The most important output returned by this program is the Rigid Body Transforms which enable the movement between each cameras reference frame to a world coordinate system that includes both the camera's [3].
The previous sections describe the necessary procedure required before an object can be placed into the system. What follows are the tools used to complete the task. In an experiment, a few points in Matlab were plotted (using plot3). A number of varying posses of an object with points marked on it were generated (see example in ﬁgure 5). The position of each point in the image plane was calculated manually (using ginput). These points were translated from the image plane into the camera's reference frame, and then the rigid body transform was applied to move them into the world reference frame.
4.1
Image Segmentation
An image is broken up into foreground (or target) and background. This procedure is known as segmentation. Some methods available to accomplish this include "Watershed" and "Region Growing" [4] segmentation. For our purposes, the target is our object and everything else is background. Although accurate segmentation is an important part of this project, it is not discussed in this paper.
4.2
Back Projection
Once the cameras and the points on the different image planes have been moved into the Once the desired camera setup has been imple- world co-ordinate system, all that is required is mented, a detailed knowledge of the environ- for the points to be projected to where they inment is required. The important information tersect each other. This is the the position in
3.3
World Co-Ordinate System
29
 3D objects. Another option is to use Virtual Reality Modelling Language (VRML) as it is more portable and was speciﬁcally designed for this purpose. VRML viewers can be downloaded from the internet, and plug into standard internet browsers. The viewer used to implement the example for this paper is by Cortona Graphics. A Matlab script was used to generate the ".wrl" ﬁle which was used by the VRML viewer. The method implemented in tests used a number of voxels to construct the visual hull. 4.3.1 Voxels
Figure 5: Two views of object points the world where the points lie. Unfortunately, due to noise and human errors, the lines do not (and never will) actually intersect. Therefore, the point that is exactly between where they are closest is selected.
Voxel is short for "volume element", and can be represented by a cube. There are two ways to go about this. Either split the whole 3D region into some predeﬁned number of voxels and then move through them, testing each element to see if it is part of the


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If ozone levels in the atmosphere continue to increase, what will happen to soybean performance? Researchers now know that some soybean varieties will tolerate high ozone levels better than others.
University of Illinois researchers are working with the USDA's Agricultural Research Service to test the effects of increased ozone levels on different varieties of soybeans. The research is simulating the higher concentration of ozone that could be a reality for the Earth's atmosphere in the year 2050. The scientists say ozone levels in industrial countries in the Northern Hemisphere are rising at a rate of 1 to 2% a year, and the trend is expected to continue.
The current research exposes growing soybeans to an ozone level approximately 20% higher than the level found in today's field conditions. The increased ozone levels result in a significant decrease in soybean yield, but not for all soybean varieties. The scientists say the most sensitive varieties yielded more than 30% less under the elevated ozone concentration, compared to normal conditions. The average yield reduction of the 22 varieties tested was 19%. However, a few varieties were quite tolerant of the elevated ozone, with yield reductions of approximately 5%.
Researchers tested current soybean varieties as well as varieties grown in Illinois more than 50 years ago. Ozone-sensitive and ozone-tolerant varieties were found within both groups.
Results of these research projects will allow scientists to more extensively evaluate the ozone tolerance of varieties with the goal of identifying more highly tolerant germplasm for developing future varieties.
Learn more by visiting _URL_.
Poncho for Pioneer
Pioneer Hi-Bred offers two corn insecticide seed treatment choices for 2005: Poncho 1250 and Poncho 250, both from Gustafson. Poncho 1250 is the high-rate treatment designed for problems from corn rootworm, billbug and other early-season pests such as black cutworm, wireworm and white grub.
Poncho 250 will provide protection for corn against black cutworm, wireworm, white grub, seed corn maggot, flea beetle, chinch bug and other insects.


text:
When a cockroach scuttles into a dark corner as we flip on the kitchen light, we feel revulsion, not kinship. But a new study reveals that most humans
share a basic trait with Kafka's creepy creatures: right-handedness. Researchers released roaches into a Y-shaped tube, where scents of
vanilla or ethanol enticed the insects to venture past the tube's splitting point. The researchers then recorded which direction the bugs turned.
Cockroaches with intact antennae preferred the tube's right fork 57% of the time. This right-side bias persisted even after the scientists chopped off
one of the bugs' sensitive antennae, used to sense touch and smells. The finding, which will be published in an upcoming issue of the Journal of Insect Behavior, adds to a
growing body of evidence that even the tiniest brains show side-preference. The insight could aid bioengineers who hope to control cockroaches for
search and rescue missions or pest control.
See more ScienceShots.


text:
The NZAGRC methane programme is jointly planned and funded in partnership with the PGgRc and aligns with existing MPI programmes funded through SLMACC and New Zealand funding in support of the Global Research Alliance on agricultural greenhouse gases. It aims to reduce emissions by directly targeting the methane producing methanogens through the discovery of small molecule inhibitors and vaccines and indirectly through feeding and changes in animal phenotype.
- Breeding: Research to understand the genetics of host control of ruminant methane emissions, which aims to develop genetic and genomic selection technologies to reduce methane yield and intensity in sheep. The current stage of the programme involves the development and dissemination of practical tools for selection for lowered emissions. A major part of maximising impact and uptake is to explore relative economic value from increased production and potential increased feed utilisation associated with lowered methane
- Vaccine (jointly supported by PGgRc): A prototype vaccine (which after further development is aimed at producing a vaccine targeted at reducing methane emissions in cattle and sheep by 20%) is being formulated with the help of a commercial partner
- Inhibitors (previously jointly funded but now fully funded by PGgRc): Research to develop cost-effective inhibitors that reduce methane emissions by at least 20% in sheep and cattle—without reducing productivity—is now being developed, with a view to bring the technology to market
- Modelling: A tool to help scientists in the NZAGRC/PGgRc programme to develop hypotheses and predict responses in methane formation is in its final stages
Current progress and research stories
The current objectives within the NZAGRC methane programme have made significant progress this year, with the sheep breeding programme getting closer to delivering breeding values to the national flock.
The complete genome sequence of Eubacterium limosum SA11, a metabolically versatile rumen acetogen
Kelly, W. J., G. Henderson, et al. (2016). "The complete genome sequence of Eubacterium limosum SA11, a metabolically versatile rumen acetogen." Standards in Genomic Sciences 11(1): 26.
Acetogens are a specialized group of anaerobic bacteria able to produce acetate from CO2 and H2 via the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway. In some gut environments acetogens can compete with methanogens for H2, and as a result rumen acetogens are of interest in the development of microbial approaches for methane mitigation. The acetogen Eubacterium limosum SA11 was isolated from the rumen of a New Zealand sheep and its genome has been sequenced to examine its potential application in methane mitigation strategies, particularly in situations where hydrogenotrophic methanogens are inhibited resulting in increased H2 levels in the rumen. The 4.15 Mb chromosome of SA11 has an average G + C content of 47 %, and encodes 3805 protein-coding genes. There is a single prophage inserted in the chromosome, and several other gene clusters appear to have been acquired by horizontal transfer. These include genes for cell wall glycopolymers, a type VII secretion system, cell surface proteins and chemotaxis. SA11 is able to use a variety of organic substrates in addition to H2/CO2, with acetate and butyrate as the principal fermentation end-products, and genes involved in these metabolic pathways have been identified. An unusual feature is the presence of 39 genes encoding trimethylamine methyltransferase family proteins, more than any other bacterial genome. Overall, SA11 is a metabolically versatile organism, but its ability to grow on such a wide range of substrates suggests it may not be a suitable candidate to take the place of hydrogen-utilizing methanogens in the rumen.
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text:
CAUSEY, R. L.
CAUSEY, R. L. (?–1937). R. L. (Bob) Causey, brother of John V. and Thomas L. Causey, learned the blacksmith trade from his father, G. W. Causey, in Missouri, then became the first blacksmith on the Llano Estacado after moving to Thomas's ranch in New Mexico in the 1880s. Shortly thereafter he moved to Odessa, Texas, where he also served as town constable. Among horsemen with a taste for splendor he achieved great fame with his "gal-leg" spurs and bridle bits; the shanks of the spurs and side bars of the bits were forged and filed into the shape of a woman's legs and decorated with Mexican silver coins. In 1895 Causey moved to Eddy, New Mexico, where he later married Agnes Bogle. In 1905 he moved to Stafford, Arizona, where he operated a blacksmith shop until his death in 1937.
Vivian H. Whitlock, Cowboy Life on the Llano Estacado (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1970).
The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article.William R. Hunt, "CAUSEY, R. L.," Handbook of Texas Online (_URL_ accessed November 27, 2015. Uploaded on June 12, 2010. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
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International Tax
As the world becomes increasingly dominated by international commerce, both the economic and political importance of international tax questions and the need for international tax experts continue to grow, making it an interesting and rewarding career path.
What is international tax?
International tax is the application of taxes and tax law across national borders, as it relates to individuals, businesses and government agencies engaging in commerce, employment or other financial transactions which involve more than one country. As tax laws and policies vary significantly between countries and territories, cross-border taxation requires an expert level of knowledge to interpret, which ADIT can help you to develop.
Do you have the skills to succeed?
International tax professionals are highly analytical and innovative, with a keen eye for detail. To succeed in this environment, you will be expected to act with the drive and integrity needed to help your clients navigate complex technical and regulatory landscapes. You will need to stay on top of the current trends and changes in legislation, and guide businesses to operate responsibly, sustainably and ethically.
With ADIT, you will build these skills and grow as a professional, ready to take the next step in your career.


text:
SANTA YNEZ — Water released from Lake Cachuma will flow through the Santa Ynez River starting on Monday.
The Santa Ynez River Water Conservation District called for a downstream 89-18 water rights release from Lake Cachuma earlier this summer. The water release was approved and is set to begin Monday. Officials anticipate that the release will last through Nov. 1.
This water release will provide about 5,800 acre-feet of water to replenish the groundwater basin along the Santa Ynez River. Groundwater basins along the river are an essential source of water for cities, towns and farms, according to a news release.
For this release, only water from the Above Narrows Account, which is held in Bradbury Dam at Lake Cachuma, will be used.
Given the regional drought, officials say there is a "high probability" that water from the Above Narrows Account and the Below Narrows Account may be needed to replenish the lake if the rainy season is dry. The Below Narrows Account is a water reserve that is also held at Bradbury Dam at Lake Cachuma.
A similar water release was performed in August 2020 to provide water recharge to the groundwater basins along the Santa Ynez River. Last year, about 16,000 acre-feet of water was released from Bradbury Dam to replenish basins.
— Madison Hirneisen


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Analyzing wealth concentration on Bitcoin, Ethereum, and XRP
Analyzing wealth concentration on Bitcoin, Ethereum, and XRP
Analysis shows that XRP has much higher wealth concentration than both Bitcoin and Ethereum. Nevertheless, such concentration poses risks for all three coins. Here's why.
Wealth concentration by the numbers
In August, blockchain analytics firm Coin Metrics released data around different coins and their wealth concentrations. Here are snippets for the top three coins by market capitalization:
Coin Metrics wealth concentration figures
Table by Coin Metrics
The numbers show that Bitcoin, as the largest network, has the largest total number of addresses with meaningful balances—indicating a leading distribution of funds and greater usage when compared to other coins.
Meanwhile, Ethereum addresses tend to have the smallest balances of the top three, indicating relatively strong wealth dispersion. Finally, tokens on XRP appear highly concentrated, potentially posing greater price risk for holders.
These figures are even more striking when normalized by market capitalization.
Wealth concentration adjusted by market capitalization
Table by Coin Metrics
Once adjusted, Ethereum is by far in the lead in terms of meaningful accounts and wealth dispersion. Moreover, it closes the gap between XRP and Bitcoin in terms of meaningful accounts as well.
The most alarming aspect though is the difference between median address balances. Adjusted median balances for XRP is 5-times that of Bitcoin and 32-times that of Ethereum. This may indicate that relatively few people are using XRP to meaningfully transact, despite much lower fees than Bitcoin and Ethereum. It is also suggestive of higher overall levels of centralization.
Critics may argue that the average is skewed because Ripple and its insiders hold over 50 percent of the token supply (worth approximately $13 billion at current prices). However, given that these reserves are only held in a handful of addresses the median shouldn't be materially impacted.
Complicating factors
It's important to keep in mind that these figures aren't directly comparable and should only be used to approximate wealth concentration. A single user can easily own multiple addresses while multiple users can also control a single address (through multi-signature accounts).
Fundamentally, these protocols also have characteristics that may skew the above metrics. Ethereum is an account-based protocol, which means users often re-use addresses, meaning the number accounts could be under-counted.
Bitcoin uses a UTXO-based protocol, which tends to result in many throwaway addresses which could inflate its numbers. But, Ethereum's gas fee mechanic tends to leave behind small balances in accounts, dragging the average down. Appropriately adjusting for all of these factors is a difficult task.
Why this is important
"Many have said that decentralization is the most important property of systems like Bitcoin and Ethereum."
Brad Garlinghouse, the CEO of Ripple, has been emphatic that XRP Ledger is decentralized. In October of 2018 at the Ripple-sponsored "Swell" conference in San Francisco, he called the ledger "very clearly decentralized," arguing that "anybody can participate in the XRP ecosystem." This narrative has been echoed by CTO David Schwartz and disseminated through the company's official channels.
Thought leaders in the industry care about decentralization. Experts in the field have argued that decentralization imbues well-designed blockchain systems with several useful properties. Blockchains are less likely to fail than traditional systems, more expensive to attack and destroy, and more resistant to collusion from participants, argued Buterin.
In contrast, high levels of wealth concentration are correlated to high-levels of decision-making centralization. It also puts purchasers at a disadvantage because it only takes a single entity to harm the price. In all, wealth concentration poses additional risk for investors.
One well-discussed example is the price action around XRP. Much of the value of the coin is derived from the success and actions of Ripple, a single corporation. If Ripple wanted to extract value from investors it could sell its holdings on the open market while reallocating those resources to services that have no relation to XRP. Worse yet, If Ripple decided to extricate itself from XRP it would result in catastrophic losses for investors.
Wealth concentration problems are exacerbated on proof-of-work systems, like what is planned for ETH 2.0 and what is already implemented on EOS. Systems which use tokens to determine the outcome of elections and make decisions give tokens direct power of the system.
Consequently, for proof-of-stake systems it's essential tokens are distributed widely and equitably, otherwise the system is at risk of unwanted collusion and rent-seeking. Over the long-run, these systems are in jeopardy of increasing amounts of decision-making centralization as large token-holders implement rules which benefit themselves at the expense of users on the platform.
Counter arguments
Though, there are also sound counter arguments to the theory that public blockchains require fair levels of wealth distribution. In a July 2017 essay, the former CTO of Coinbase Balaji Srinivasan argued:
"In practice it appears that a very high level of wealth centralization is still compatible with the operation of a decentralized protocol."
At the time, Srinivasan discussed a framework for measuring decentralization to assess the resilience of a blockchain. He theorized that blockchains are bottle-necked by their most centralized point of failure. In other words, a blockchain is only as decentralized as its most centralized part.
If this is the case, then high levels of wealth concentration may not matter if there is an even more egregious point of centralization for BTC, ETH, and XRP.
Risks for the three coins
When applied to cryptos these theories could help investors make better decisions about each of the platforms.
For Bitcoin, large amounts of wealth concentration allow whales to manipulate the markets. By conducting strategic trades with large amounts of BTC it's possible to take advantage of retail investors for profit.
Though, other less liquid coins such as ETH and XRP are at an even greater risk of market manipulation. However, small volume also means the potential profit from such behavior is constrained.
Under Balaji Srinivasan's framework wealth concentration may not be Bitcoin's main risk. Something like mining concentration in China could act as an even greater point of failure for the network.
For Ethereum, as the protocol moves to proof-of-stake in ETH 2.0, then token holdings will translate directly into political control over the system's governance. These systems run the risk of turning into plutocracies, where rich token holders enact policies to enrich themselves at the expense of average users, making a blockchain less competitive over time. This phenomenon tends to be exacerbated by low voter participation on public blockchains, as demonstrated by EOS and TRON.
Finally, for those investing in XRP there are other concerns. Many enthusiasts think Ripple is a good steward of their reserves. Because they locked the majority of their coins in escrow and pegged the sales to market trading volume, token holders can supposedly have more confidence they won't get diluted.
But, many of these large token holders aren't Ripple and would not have the same self-imposed restrictions. In addition to Ripple regularly selling large chunks of XRP these large token holders could also be holding down the price of the coin.
Understanding wealth concentration for each cryptocurrency is an important factor to consider. Incorporating the metric into the assessment for each protocol helps people make better decisions about long-term growth potential and fundamental risk.
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What is WDR?
0
686
What is WDR?
LT Security posted this on May 5, 2014
Wide dynamic range (WDR) describes an attribute of an imaging system that can record greater scene details, from shadows to highlights than normal. Having "wide dynamic range" is a relative term that can describe both the capability of a sensor or other imaging system, as well as the contents of an image file containing such data. The amount of dynamic range in an image which would qualify as "wide" changes over time as new systems are developed.


Home > Arts & Culture
Art lecture explores levels of hell
by Mike O'Brien, Oregon Daily Emerald, March 12, 2008
Lecture concerns 10 Chinese which depict scenes from experiences in the afterlife
Portland, OR (USA) -- Have you ever wondered what happens when you die? In seventh century China, everyone went to hell. Ten times. While their loved ones watched.
<< Buddhist scrolls depicting the ten layers of hell often show scenes of torture and suffering. K.E. Brashier, an associate professor of Chinese religion and humanities at Reed College, will lecture Wednesday night about the morality behind the scrolls in the Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art. Media Credit: Dave Martinez
"When somebody dies, they would ask for the scrolls to be hung up, usually close to the coffin," said K.E. Brashier, associate professor of religion and humanities at Reed College in a phone interview from Portland. "You'd be able to chart the afterlife process of this deceased person, so through rebirth, they have to go through 10 levels of hell."
Nearly 1,500 years ago, the Jade Emperor was said to have ordered the execution of a river dragon, who asked Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty to try to save him. Though Taizong tried, he failed and the dragon was beheaded.
Furious, the dragon dragged Taizong, who was in a delirious and dream-like state, to the hell courts to pay for his betrayal. Taizong's charges were cleared, but he had seen unspeakable horrors in hell and was told to record them all for posterity.
Taizong's Hell Scrolls were karmic; before being reincarnated, people had to pass through the levels of hell to pay for their lives' sins. Despite the subject matter's severity, the Hell Scrolls are comic book-like in appearance, colorfully depicted with ink on paper. A set from the 19th century is hanging in the University's Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art for "Marketplace Morality - Chinese Hell Scrolls," a lecture to be given tonight by Brashier, who is working on an educational project and database regarding the scrolls.
"It's interesting to be able to view other people's ideas of paradise and hell, and how they relate to the Buddhist religion," said JMSA Director of Communication Erick Hoffman.
Charles Lachman, an associate professor in the department of art history specializing in Chinese Buddhist art, said the Hell Scrolls are interesting because they're so macabre.
"There's some fantastic hell images from the 19th century and they're very beautiful paintings even though they depict horrible things," he said, noting the scrolls' contrast.
Lachman's favorite scroll is the 10th, which represents the final level of hell. Sinners' sentences end as they are granted rebirth, their memories erased of the horrors they have endured. It's his favorite because there are several different versions and not just one definitive design.
"These weren't viewed as individual, unique things, so in that sense, they're different from a lot of other kinds of art," he said.
In the fourth scroll, the Hell of King Wu Guan, those who had exhibited two-faced behavior were pushed off the bridge of no return by spear-wielding demons with ox heads. In the Hell of King Bian Cheng, women of ill repute were banished to the pool of blood and filth; however, good deeds, such as releasing an animal intended for slaughter, were rewarded.
Brashier compares people in previous centuries' fascination with the scrolls to the modern interest in horror movies.
"They're so gross and disgusting but you can't not look at them," he said.
He also finds them interesting as a theologian. He said seeing what offenses were punishable by torture, such as gossiping and cheating weights at the marketplace, can teach someone a lot about ancient Buddhism and its values.
"I would describe (the scrolls) as an educational experience on the afterlife in the sense that you can imagine a mother taking her child in and giving that child sort of a morality play," he said. "It's not just art, it's meant to be education in its own right."
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text: Myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) contains one established antigenic epitope within the 131-151 amino acid sequence, with encephalitogenic activity for SJL mice (PLP139-151). In the current study, the processing and presentation of PLP by subsets of splenic antigen-presenting cells (APC) were examined by comparing their capacity to stimulate PLP-responsive T-cell clones, two of which are specific for PLP139-151, and one which is not specific for this peptide. In order to study whether PLP requires processing before its presentation by APC, PLP-pulsed and fixed APC were shown to stimulate PLP-specific T cells. However, the addition of PLP to unpulsed, fixed APC resulted in the absence of T-cell stimulation, while the ability of these fixed APC to bind antigenic peptide and efficiently present it to T cells, was demonstrated by their ability to use a synthetic peptide for the stimulation of the T cells. In order to study potentially different processing efficiencies among APC subsets, spleen cells were fractionated by adherence to plastic, and their respective APC activities were studied separately. The non-adherent (NAd) APC were unable to stimulate PLP139-151 specific T-cell clones with PLP as antigen. In contrast, a T-cell clone specific for a separate, but unidentified epitope on PLP was stimulated by NAd APC efficiently. In addition, stimulation of PLP139-151-specific T-cell clones by NAd APC did occur when the synthetic peptide instead of intact PLP was used as antigen, indicating a defect in PLP processing by the NAd APC. These results indicate that a subpopulation of splenic APC is unable to process PLP efficiently, and more specifically, may be unable to process a fragment containing the 139-151 sequence in PLP, while other antigenic fragments may be processed and subsequently presented efficiently. © 1992.


text:
On our cell phones, we frequently get messages about various bank transactions. These letters can occasionally be genuine, but many bank customers are also the victims of fraud these days. We will attempt to clarify the DOPBNK SMS message that you often receive on your registered cellphone number following bank transactions in this article.
DOPBNK denotes that this message was sent by the Post Bank Department. In these kinds of messages, the sender is displayed as ID-DOPBNK, VK-DOPBNK, IM-DOPBNK, TD-DOPBNK, VD-DOPBNK, etc. Therefore, if you ever received a DOPBNK message, it was likely delivered by the Post Bank Department.
Therefore, if you received this warning, you shouldn't be alarmed. The message's primary goal is to inform you of your current bank balance following the transaction. The Post Bank Department will send a DOPBNK Message to your registered mobile number if you just have a Post Office account.
POST Bank Department – What Is DOPBNK SMS Meaning
|Name of Bank
|India Post Payment Bank (IPPB)
|DOPBNK SMS Meaning
|Post Bank Department
|Post Office Timings
What Is Dopbnk Message?
In India, the DOPBNK is a well-liked SMS on many people's mobile phones. It's frequent but perplexing if the recipient doesn't understand what you're saying. A legal message from the Department of Post Bank is known as DOPBNK. Residents are assured of the message by the Ministry of Communication's verification of the details. The following SMSs could be sent to the user:
DOPBNK Link To The Mobile Number
The user must enter a working mobile number and other contact information throughout the bank registration process. In order to rapidly reach the customer, the data is added to the system. Additionally, Post Bank India gathers and stores the contact information of its clients on its computer network.
Any transaction that occurs on the account will result in SMS messages being sent to registered members by the bank. The notifications are expected to be delivered to residents who have both an IPPB account and a Post office account.
Different banking options are available at the Indian Post Office. A number of advantages are available to registered users, including
- Account for National Savings Recurring Deposits.
- Postal Savings Account
- Time deposit account for National Savings
- Account for Public Provident Funds
- Account for Senior Citizens Savings Plans.
Aapka Bank, Aapke Dwar is the catchphrase used by the Department of Post Bank. This manages the PAN India facility and provides a variety of services.
- Government-sponsored scholarships
- Government incentives and social welfare advantages.
- Postal savings programs
- Both loans and investments.
To enable greater services to be made available to registered members, the central government has heavily invested in DOPBNK. The legitimate person listed under the Department of India is the recipient of the DOPBNK SMS. The department has a number of programs that are helpful to users.
Is The Dopbnk SMS Legal Or Fake?
The SMS is allowed as long as we acknowledge that it was provided by the Department of Post Office (also known as the India Post Payments Bank, or IPPB), a government agency.
The DOPBNK is a government organization that offers the general people a wide range of helpful initiatives and services.
We will get a confirmation message from the bank after we make a transaction at any bank, indicating that it was successful. Similarly to this, anytime a transaction occurs in our Post Office Savings account or India Post Payments, the Post Office texts our registered phone number.
In summary, you will receive the DOPBNK SMS once you have created an IPPB (Department of Post Office account), and you may trust them because they are real.
It's possible that you or a member of your family registered your phone number at a Post Office location if you don't have a Post Office account but are still getting texts from DOPBNK.
You can choose to ignore messages from The Post Office or visit your neighborhood branch and ask questions if you haven't followed any of the aforementioned guidelines but are still receiving them.
- CodeTantra Login | CodeTantra VIT AP Registration At Vtop2.Vitap.Ac.In
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- Prime Minister Housing Scheme List 2022 | PMAY Online Apply, Benefit | PMAY Beneficiary List
Q 1: What's The Full Form Of Dopbnk?
A 1: DOPBNK's full name is the Department of Post Office. The Indian Postal Service is referenced here. The Post Office Department Bank may send you an SMS if you have a Post Office account. The communication will be transmitted by the Department of Postal Banking and Networks (DOPBNK).
Q 2: What Is The Dopbnk Message?
A 2: Any bank with which we do business will email or SMS us to let us know the transaction has been successfully completed. Similarly to that, the Post Office will text the phone number we gave them if there is action in either our Post Office Savings account or our India Post Payments account.
After opening an account with the Department of Post Office, you will be eligible to receive the DOPBNK SMS (IPPB). You can have full confidence in the SMS sender, DOPBNK, as they have supplied accurate information.
Q 3: How Do I Find Out How Many DoPs I Have?
A 3: Enter your User ID and Password to log in to the DoP e-banking system. An OTP will now be sent to the registered mobile number you provided. Your account has successfully been logged into. To view your account's available balance on your smartphone, simply pick the Accounts tab.
I believe you learned something about Dop Bank or Dopbank from the information we supplied. Please spread the word if you enjoyed this material. We appreciate you reading our content.


window title
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Using Smoothie in grbl_mode
(Or CNC mode)
Smoothie's main job is to interpret G-code and to convert it into movement and actions.
Programs that generate Gcode are called CAM ( computer aided manufacturing ) software.
Unfortunately, they do not all mean the same thing by the same G-codes, and there are several different G-code formats.
Smoothie supports two different G-code "dialects" :
 - The "reprap" dialect, for 3D printing (NOT NIST compliant)
 - The "grbl" dialect, for CNC milling (Generally NIST compliant)
The "grbl" dialect is the closest to the "normal" Gcode standard ( NIST ), and is adequate and useful for CNC milling.
However, when the Reprap project created it's own interpreters early in the project, their developers ignored the "normal" Gcode standard and redefined some of the Gcodes to do other things, or kept their meaning but changed the way their parameters work.
Unfortunately, this has become such a widespread standard in 3D printing that it can not be changed anymore, and we are stuck with a bad format we have to understand if we want users to be able to use Smoothie for 3D printing.
Therefore, we support both formats.
The way you choose which format Smoothie will interpret the G-code you send to it as, is by changing the Grbl_mode option.
If you set it to True :
grbl_mode true
Then Smoothie will interpret the G-code you send to it the same way GRBL or LinuxCNC does, as "normal" CNC G-code.
If however you set it to False :
grbl_mode false
Then Smoothie will interpret the G-code you send to it the same way Reprap-type firmwares interpret it, as "3D printing" G-code.
CNC build
Smoothie has a special "CNC" build with some special CNC features and adaptations.
This special build has Grbl_mode enabled ( set to "true" ) by default.
You can get the special CNC build pre-compiled at getting-smoothie or compile it yourself at compiling-smoothie
This page only mentions 3D printers and CNC mills. Lasers are neither.
Traditionally, Lasercutting software ( like laserweb or visicut ) have learned to talk to Smoothie in it's 3D printing mode.
However, more CNC oriented software can also be used to control lasers ( they are virtually similar to a CNC mill with a very thin tool and no Z axis ), this is the case for example of bcnc.
Typical differences between 3d mode and CNC mode are:-
1. Error messages are different
2. G28 goes to park position and is NOT home, $H homes in CNC mode
3. Many GCodes may be differently interpreted in CNC mode than in 3D mode, please check your gcode references (Linuxcnc has a good GCode reference, do not use the reprap gcode reference for CNC mode)
NOTE you cannot generally use pronterface to control CNC/grbl mode, as Pronterface is for 3D printers and uses a different dialect of gcode, it also does not allow you to send commands such as $H to home. It also tends to truncate commands like G28.2 by not sending the.2 part.


Warming/Cooling Units, Laboratory
Definition : Warming/cooling units designed to warm or cool substances, materials, and/or devices in a clinical laboratory; the temperature may be adjusted below and/or above the room temperature. These units typically consist of a temperature-regulated open or closed bath (i.e., a reservoir) or, less frequently, a dry enclosure; a pump to circulate liquid; a sensor and controller to regulate the temperature and/or liquid flow; a recorder to keep track of the variations in temperature; and heating and refrigerating components. Laboratory warming/cooling units accurately maintain regulated temperature in an integral bath or dry enclosure; some units may be also capable of circulating liquid to external systems. They are used in laboratories for procedures such as crystallization and other low-temperature chemical reactions, temperature-dependent procedures, and viscosity testing.
Entry Terms : "Warming Cooling Laboratory Circulators" , "Refrigerated Circulators" , "Circulating Baths"
UMDC code : 24125
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Manufacturers
Distributors
U.S.companies only
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1-5 of 5 Match(es).
Boekel Scientific Inc
Company Type: Parent
Boekel Scientific was founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA in the mid 1800's. by the Boekel family who ran it for over 100 years. The Company made some of the first water baths and Incubators in the US even before Edison invented electricity and 45 years before Henry Ford invented the Model T. The company was centered in what is referred to Old City Philadelphia since 1868.
Cole Parmer
Company Type: Parent
Davis Instruments
Company Type: Parent
Davis Instruments has been one of the world's leading sources of test, measurement, control, and calibration instruments since 1912. You depend on the equipment you order—and the technical expertise that backs it up. Since 1912, Davis Instruments has built a history of supplying customers with innovative test, measurement, control and calibration technologies. But what really gets customers talking is our "Customer First" responsiveness, which is woven into every transaction. From answering your most challenging technical questions to providing alternate configurations, you can count on Davis Instruments' application specialists to help you get the job done.
PolyScience
Company Type: Parent
Back in 1963, we were a startup. And like many global companies, we started out small but kept thinking big. Along the way, we pioneered innovations ranging from the first zero-switching circulators to the first refrigeration systems for DNA amplification to an award-winning line of culinary products. Over one million temperature control solutions have been sold under our brand name or as private label for large, well-respected manufacturers and distributors. Our dedication to our customers, and their needs, has helped us become a global company that spans six continents and most major cities.
TE Technology Inc
Company Type: Parent
TE Technology, Inc. specializes in the design and manufacture of custom cooling assemblies. Our personnel have years (even decades) of experience in thermoelectric product design, prototyping, testing, and manufacturing. We have designed thousands of cooling assemblies, thermoelectric modules and heat sinks for our customers. In addition to custom cooling assemblies and contract manufacturing, TE Technology offers a line of standard thermoelectric (Peltier) cooling assemblies, temperature controllers, power supplies, and thermoelectric (Peltier) modules. We can meet the needs of customers large and small.
1-5 of 5 Match(es).

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