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TFSD Cancels School Friday Due To Air Quality
The Twin Falls School District has cancelled school for Friday August 21, 2020 due to poor air quality levels. Fire season has been especially bad for the air in Southern Idaho as a number of fires are spreading smoke across the area. Multiple fires started over the night Wednesday and another fire near the Utah border ignited Thursday. The smoke has caused the air quality index to skyrocket, reaching over 188 by the end of school Thursday. The school email to parents states 'Twin Falls School District policy on air quality for student activities (including physical education classes, recess, and athletics practices) restricts outdoor activities anytime the air quality index is over 150.'
Along with complicated situations in schools due to the required masks for COVID Protocol, holding classes at school isn't possible or safe right now. The current protocol level allows students to attend school while wearing masks. Each hour the students are allowed, in most cases, to step outside and take off their masks for a few minutes while social distancing. Sending students out in the poor air would force them to breath in the smoke.
Officials believe the poor air quality will continue through Friday, therefore the decision was made to cancel in school classes and activities.
The haze from the fires also made for an interesting sight when the sun rose on Thursday morning, looking like a dark red ball in the sky rather than the regular glowing yellow sun.


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|Science Cluster||About Us||Top 10||Français|
By Tracy Salisbury and Brenda Frick
Wondering what crops to grow this spring? Considering soil fertility, balancing the rotation, responding to markets? Ease of seed cleaning is another consideration to be added to that list.
Farmers commonly have plant mixtures at harvest, whether they intercrop
intentionally, have volunteer plants from a previous year, or have weeds
that escaped control. Usually it is fairly easy to predict what crops
and weeds will dominate this year, simply by looking at what happened
last year. Some seed mixtures are hard to separate. It may be prudent
to select a crop this year that separates easily from the likely volunteers
A second stage in cleaning is often done on a gravity table, which sorts seeds by weight or density. This is the most common type of on-farm seed cleaning. It can be used, for instance, to separate thistle heads out of peas and frosted kernels out of cereals.
A final cleaning might be done with a colour sorter. This equipment is less common, so this step generally involves extra hauling, as well as additional time and expense. Usually other methods are used before colour sorting. A colour sorter may pick out pea chips from oats, for instance.
Different markets have different levels of concern about other seeds "contaminating" crops. For instance, the milling oat market has a very low tolerance for foreign material, as their customers don't want to see lentil or pea chips in their oatmeal. Concern over wheat allergies has led to a very low tolerance for wheat as a contaminant of oats or flax in many markets.
The feed market generally has the most relaxed requirements for crop purity. Often chips, splits and other crop types are combined in feed mixtures, and legume pieces actually add useful protein to cereal grains.
A pea/barley mixture, for instance, can be an effective intercrop for the feed market, but the two crops may not be separated well enough to sell the barley into the malting or pearling market. This has a bearing on rotation planning. Seeding barley on pea stubble might result in pea contamination that would be difficult to remove from barley. Seeding pea on barley stubble would be less problematic.
Seed cleaners claim that any crop can be cleaned out of any mixture, but it becomes a question of economic feasibility. Separation is usually based on the majority crop. For instance, with a flax crop with some volunteer wheat, the wheat would be removed from the flax, with settings that resulted in a nearly pure flax sample, as well as a wheat sample that was much less pure. Growing flax on wheat stubble can result in difficult contamination issues, whereas growing wheat on flax stubble gives less contamination problems.
Several crop combinations present difficulties for seed cleaning. Lentil splits, especially from small lentils, are hard to remove from flax. Barley is hard to separate from either wheat or oats. Small seeded lentils are hard to remove from oats or wheat.
Weed removal can also be a consideration. Weeds can be difficult to remove from flax, as it is relatively small seeded. It is difficult to clean out wild mustard or cow cockle from tame mustard. Wild oats are tougher to separate from an oat crop than from other cereals. These seed cleaning problems can be important considerations in crop selection.
Seed cleaning options are critical in planning a successful intercrop.
They can also be important in rotation planning, as this year's
crop is likely to be mingled with volunteers from last year's
crop. Knowing which seeds can be separated easily, and which separations
require more time, effort and expense can make planning more effective.
© 2012, Organic Agriculture Centre of Canada (OACC)

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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The Desmond Tutu TB Centre (DTTC) at the University of Stellenbosch will today receive an international award for its groundbreaking research into childhood TB and for its pioneering community-based approaches to TB and HIV care.
The U$65 0000 Kochon Prize is awarded annually for the past six years to persons, institutions or organisations that have made a highly significant contribution to combating TB, a disease that is curable but still causes the deaths of three people every minute.
This 2012 prize was announced at the World Health Organisation's Stop TB Symposium, an annual event at the World Conference of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease.
Professor Anneke Hesseling, director of the paediatric TB programme at DTTC, accepted the award this morning (SUBS: TUES) in Kuala Lumpur.
"This prize is a wonderful recognition of our center's work in childhood TB over the last two decades and indicates the unique contribution made, cumulatively, by individuals in our group over the years. More importantly, this prize highlights the importance of childhood TB, which has been neglected for many decades," said Hesseling.
She added that childhood TB was an indication of how well we are doing with our overall TB control strategy.
TB in young children indicates recent TB transmission from adults to children, often at the household level, and is an indication of failing TB control among adults with TB, who typically transmit the organism.
Childhood TB also represents a significant burden of disease in high-burden countries such as South Africa, where almost 15% of all TB cases occur in children.
Since young children are more prone to a severe form of disease, such as TB meningitis, often with poor outcome, TB in young children can be a very serious disease, causing considerable morbidity and mortality.
Hesseling believes that for the first time, there seems to be hope in the fight against childhood TB.
"We have more emphasis on childhood TB from WHO and from public health programs which have traditionally only focused on adult infectious TB cases. Developing countries are writing guidelines and are implementing care for childhood TB while child-friendly TB drugs are being developed. New diagnostic tools are being developed; such tools should also specifically consider the needs of children, which remains a challenge," said Hesseling.
However, a new, more effective TB vaccine is urgently needed if there was any hope of winning the battle against childhood (and adult) TB.
Several new TB vaccines are currently being evaluated, including in South Africa, and all these trials include children.
New TB drugs are being evaluated to treat drug-resistant and susceptible forms of TB in adults and there are plans to also test these and make them eventually available in children.
"The biggest current challenge for TB control in children is that we have good knowledge, but that implementation is lagging behind – the 'implementation infidelity' phenomenon," Hesseling added.
Asked what items she would place on wishlist, Hesseling listed:
· Increased political commitment for the prevention and treatment of childhood TB at programmatic level
· An effective and safe vaccine to prevent TB in children.
· The use of more family-friendly integrated ways to address both TB and HIV at the household and community level
· Funding and research to generate new child-friendly accurate TB diagnostic tests in children
· Effective and safe, shorter treatment regimens to prevent and treat TB in children
Hesseling ascribes the growing international interest in childhood TB over the past five years to the fact that the HIV research community now recognises that TB and HIV are inextricably linked, and the fact that childhood TB has been placed on the international TB control and advocacy agenda. She added that attention was also increasingly given to the design and implementation of very rigorous high-quality research for childhood TB, which is impacting on policy and practice, but also on the awareness of childhood TB in the international research funding community.
"We have a long way to go in this regard, but for the first time, there is a feeling that 'childhood TB is coming of age'," she said.
Dr Lucica Ditiu, Executive Secretary of the Stop TB Partnership said it was shameful that every day, across the world, 200 children die of tuberculosis.
"This is absolutely shameful, considering that we are in 2012, and it costs less than 3 cents a day to provide preventive treatment and 50 cents a day to provide treatment that will cure the disease. But children are often forgotten. The Desmond Tutu Centre has been at the forefront of organisations fighting to end the tragedy of TB in children," said Ditiu.
The Desmond Tutu TB Centre has established a number of outreach projects in areas where research is conducted; operating on the principle that research should be integrated with the services delivered by the Department of Health. It also established and runs the world's first international childhood TB training programme.
The scientific body of work on childhood TB produced by the centre's researchers includes more than 300 articles on the epidemiology, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of childhood TB. This work has engendered ten international policy documents on childhood TB, creating a robust evidence base for addressing childhood TB.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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A comprehensive full-color anatomical atlas designed specifically for the anesthesiologist and pain physician
A clear understanding of relevant anatomy is essential for physicians who wish to master ultrasound-guided nerve blocks. Although ultrasound images may help visualize the nerve to be blocked, the images still present a grainy and incomplete picture. Physicians looking to master US-guided nerve blocks are best served by becoming anatomical experts -- and this innovative resource is an invaluable learning tool to doing just that.
In addition to 2D and 3D ultrasound images, Atlas of Sonoanatomy for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine includes high-resolution CTs, MRIs, cadaver anatomy images, and anatomical illustrations to give physicians a comprehensive understanding of the anatomy of the neck, upper and lower extremity, trunk, thorax, thoracic spine, sacral spine, lumbar paravertebral region, and thoracic paravertebral region that are relevant to ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia.
- Bulleted pearls impart how to obtain optimal ultrasound images at each site
- More than 600 full-color photographs and illustrations throughout
- Essential for anesthesiologists and pain physicians, and is also of value to musculoskeletal sonographers, radiologists, and emergency medicine physicians
-Enables you to learn and see, through full-color illustrations, the relevant anatomy for administering successful nerve blocks
- Includes CT and MRI correlations to ultrasound images, plus corresponding anatomical illustrations, cadaver anatomy, and photos of probe placement on the patient.
Although other texts may provide some of the imaging information contained in this unique atlas, this is the first resource to systematically and comprehensively gather all the imaging modalities for side-by-side comparison under one cover.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Benefits of Building a Small Home
Benefits of Building a Small Home
If you are shopping for a home, you have most likely walked through some of the 'McMansions' that are currently on the market. During the most recent housing boom, thousands of these track-built monstrosities were 'thrown-together' and sold for top dollar.
With the economic collapse of the late 2000's came a wave of foreclosures and plummeting real estate prices, in effect lowering the selling prices of these lavish homes and making them a viable investment for the average American.
Now that these large homes, which have become the 'American Dream', are finally within your reach, should you consider buying one? Do you really want to commit to living in a home that is 2,500 SF or more and the financial burden that comes with it?
The 'Small Home' movement has been growing rapidly in the aftermath of the recent economic decline and the benefits of this movement have been championed by best-selling author Susan Susanka beginning with her book "The Not So Big House".
While the popularity of this movement has grown in recent years, the concept is far from new. Historically, smaller homes were the norm in the United States and have always been the norm in Europe and Asia. The average American home in 1950 was just less than 1,000 square feet, while in 2004 the average was about 2,400 square feet. This gigantic increase in living space is a direct result of the rapid rise in wealth that blanketed the US during the economic boom. Recent data proves that the average size of new homes is dropping once again and it makes you ask yourself, should I buy a smaller home?
The Benefits First you must analyze the benefits of building a smaller home and determine whether they outweigh your 'need' for space. The list of benefits is long and they are definitely worth contemplating. Let's take a look:
1. Cheaper to Build
Higher Quality The fact of the matter is that the cost to build a home is relative to the size of the dwelling. Not only is it cheaper to build a smaller home, but also the money saved on raw floor space can be incorporated into the finishes of the home.
When building a large home, homeowners often have to sacrifice quality for quantity. Building a small home allows you to incorporate efficient, healthy and high-quality materials into your house that you otherwise wouldn't be able to consider with a larger floor plan.
Your siding, flooring and finish materials will increase in quality, increasing both the character and durability of your home. In other words, luxury is more attainable and your options increase by ten fold.
In addition, your loan amount could be smaller and the percentage of your down payment will increase, affording you a lower mortgage payment and a better interest rate, saving you tens of thousands in the long run.
2. Lower Property Taxes
With building a smaller home comes the benefit of lower property taxes. A smaller footprint often translates into your home being viewed at a lower value, offering you a more favorable assessment on your property than neighbors with larger homes.
3. Energy Cost & Consumption
With a smaller space, come lower energy bills. Studies show that heating and cooling costs alone are 13-20% lower in a home that is 1,500 square feet compared to a home that is 2,500 square feet.
4. Environmental Impact
A small home simply uses fewer natural resources in construction, maintenance and energy consumption. The efficiency of a small home helps the environment and helps you live responsibly.
5. Maintenance & Cleaning
The smaller the home, the less maintenance you have to worry about. Think about the cost to replace siding on a 2,500 SF home compared to a 1,500 SF home or the amount of money that can be saved when installing new flooring or tile. There are fewer windows to replace, walls to paint and gutters to clean.
Regular household chores will be cut in half and if you hire a cleaning service, their rate will be lower.
6. Less Clutter Less space.
equates to less room for items that aren't necessities. We all know that the more space we have, the more 'junk' we accumulate. Having a smaller home forces you to become more organized and avoid the accumulation of unneeded possessions. Think of all the unused items you'll be motivated to donate to charity or sell on eBay and Craig's List.
7. More Financial Freedom
When living in a smaller home, the savings you'll accumulate from having a smaller mortgage, lower utility bills and overall reduced consumption will add up quick. You will be able to free yourself from unneeded expenses and become more financially secure.
Summary This is just a small glimpse at some of the benefits of building a smaller house. As a PA home builder, I am a huge advocate of the 'Not So Big House' and I highly suggest that individuals interested in building a small home buy one of Susan Suzanka's best-selling books.


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|Ways of Working|
There are differences between cities and countries in how the decisions are made, the services produced and strategies and policies implemented. The category Ways of working helps to understand the different ways of actions in different countries and provides a possibility to learn from others. The category contains general information about the functions of the city. Ways of Working tells about the principles of decision making, organisation, service production, and strategies and policies which have an effect on health promotion.
The category is divided into following sub-categories:
Decision making presents the principles of city level decision making and explains the processes behind it. In the sub-category you can also find information about the roles and responsibilities of the city and its different departments in wellbeing production. The sub-category also clarifies the role of the Healthy Cities steering group in the city structure.
Organisation explains the administrative structure of the city, with text and images.
Service production describes how the wellbeing services are organised in the municipal level and how these services support health promotion. The topic explains the wellbeing production responsibilities of the city.
Strategies and policies tells about the different strategies and policies which affect health and wellbeing in the city, and explains their purposes and goals.
|Last Updated on Friday, 22 February 2008 13:29|


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Estudio fitosociológico de los bosques de Nothofagus glauca (Phil.) Krasser del Centro-Sur de Chile
[A phytosociological study of the Nothofagus glauca (Phil.) Krasser woodlands of South-Central Chile]
Amigo, Javier; San Martín, José; García Quintanilla, Luis
This study characterized the woodlands dominated by the deciduous Chilean endemic species Nothofagus glauca (local name hualo) in the Cordillera de la Costa and foothills of the Andes, between latitudes 35° and 37° South. Fieldwork and subsequent analysis followed Braun-Blanquet methodology, and considered both hualo-dominated woodland and the associated scrub communities arising after disturbance. These woodlands are considered to form part of a single association, which we denominate Bomareo salsillae-Nothofagetum glaucae ass. nova. The syntaxonomic position of the new association is discussed, and a new suballiance including it is proposed, Nothofagenion glauco-alessandri suball. nova.


avs.plot2: Plot results from AVS methods, multiple plots.
Description Usage Arguments Value Author(s) Examples
View source: R/AllPlotsAVS.R
Description
This function takes an AVS object and plots results from the VSE and EVSE methods.
Usage
1
2
3
avs.plot2(object, what="evse", fname=what, width=14, height=2.5, rmargin=1,
bxseq=seq(-4,8,2), decreasing=TRUE, ylab="Annotation",
xlab="Clusters of risk-associated and linked SNPs", tfs=NULL)
Arguments
object
an object of class 'AVS' AVS-class.
what
a single character value specifying which analysis should be used. Options: "vse" and "evse".
fname
a character value specifying the name of output file.
height
a numeric value specifying the height of the graphics region in inches.
width
a numeric value specifying the width of the graphics region in inches.
rmargin
a numeric value specifying the right margin size in inches.
bxseq
a numeric vector specifying which x-axis tickpoints are to be drawn.
decreasing
a logical value, used to sort by EVSE scores.
ylab
a character value specifying the y-axis label.
xlab
a character value specifying the x-axis label (on the top of the grid image).
tfs
an optional vector with annotation identifiers (e.g. transcription factor).
Value
A plot showing results from the VSE and EVSE methods.
Author(s)
Mauro Castro
Examples
1
# see 'avs.vse' and 'avs.evse' methods.
RTN documentation built on Nov. 12, 2020, 2:02 a.m.


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between New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island over the Atlantic Ocean is the worlds longest bridge over ice covered water. The bridge is 13 kilometers(8 mi) long and takes 12 min to cross at the posted speed. The bridge cost an estimated $840 million to build North Carolina's Own Currency 2. No uniform system of currency. Article IX of the Articles of Confederation stated, The United States in Congress assembled shall also have the sole and exclusive right and power of regulating the alloy and value of coin struck by their own authority, or by that of the respective State. 5 While Congress had the right to regulate all forms of American.
The Mountie who was injured on the Confederation Bridge after being dragged by a stolen vehicle on Sept. 1 will remain in hospital until next week, say RCMP. Ryan Jewett, 33, of the East Prince detachment, is recovering at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Charlottetown. There the driver smashed into two vehicles, one of which was was another bridge service truck that was used to block the road Parts of the TOS poser bridge by PTrope Console panels by mdbruffy. This was an initial render of pieces placed and preliminary texturing. There have been more alterations since. Since the Dreadnought Confederation incorporates elements of the tmp and tos technologies, I felt the bridge should as well In reality, the current Champlain Bridge charged a toll for half of its existence, from 1962 until the toll was abolished on May 4, 1990, roughly 28 years. Furthermore, the idea that there can't be a toll on the new Champlain Bridge because it is a replacement would also apply to Confederation Bridge, replacing as it did a ferry service WATCH: Demonstrators have gathered on the P.E.I. side of the Confederation Bridge on Sunday in a show of support for the Wet'suwet'en hereditary chiefs - Feb 16, 2020 comments Leave a. On January 18, 1988, Premier Joseph Ghiz asked Prince Edward Islanders to vote if the bridge should be built or not; some 59.4% of voters said yes to the fixed link. On May 31, 1997, the bridge..
Every time an Island resident must cross the bridge, we have to pay 47.75. It adds up quickly, especially with residents needing medical care not available on Prince Edward Island or having family members that live elsewhere. Every time an off Islander wants to visit our beautiful province and support our local economy, they have to pay the same 47.75 to return home Three bridges around the world and what makes them strong The Confederation Bridge is 8 miles long and opened in 1997. It is a multi-span beam bridge. It's concrete box girder structure is made from steel which makes it very strong Driving over the Confederation Bridge Feb 10th 2013 75km Winds Prince Edward Island Part 1 - Duration: 1:02. peisen99 5,843 views. 1:02. LACONIA BIKE WEEK 2012. The bridge toll was higher then than it is now. When the Brooklyn Bridge first opened, it cost a penny to cross by foot, 5 cents for a horse and rider and 10 cents for a horse and wagon The Confederation of British Industry (CBI) and those who run Belfast Harbour felt it was too early to say anything either way. By the time the job was finished, the UXO element had added a.


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Wood is an excellent material for container gardens because it lets the plant roots breathe and it is relatively light weight. You can also make your own containers to whatever size you like. The wood will deteriorate after several years, however, so wooden planters are best used for shorter lived plants rather than trees or shrubs which you will keep planted for many years. Making your planter from redwood or cedar will make it longer lived, as these woods resist insects and wood rot.
Here are instructions for making a 12 x 12 x 12 inch planter. It can be easily modified to make whatever size planter you like: some suggestions for making larger or smaller planters are included at the end of this article.
Wood saw (hand or power)
note some hardware/lumber stores will cut wood for you for a small fee
Drill and 1/2 to 3/4 drill bit
T or L square (for making sure your corners are square and sides straight)
Miter box (for making straight cuts)
Workbench with vise or clamp (to hold wood as you cut or join together)
20 or more nails, 2 to 2 1/2" long (6d to 8d size)
8 or more nails, 1 1/2" long (4d size)
50 or more finishing nails
4 feet of redwood or cedar 2x2 board, cut to about 10.5 long (see Making the Base, below)
(note, these 2x2 will actually be about 1.5 x 1.5, as the wood is cut to 2x2 and then finished so that it is smooth)
8 1/2 feet of redwood or cedar 1x2 board (actually about 1/2 x 1 1/2), four cut into 12 long sections, four cut 13 long
4 feet of redwood or cedar 1x1" board (about 1/2 x 1/2") cut to 12" lengths
10 feet of redwood or cedar fence board, 6 wide, cut into ten 12 long sections
Making the Base
Measure the width of your 2x2 board. Cut four lengths, each 12 minus the width. For example, if your board is 1 1/2 wide, cut four lengths 10 1/2 long.
Lay out your four pieces so they form a 12 square, with one end of each length overlapping the next going around the square.
Nail the square together, using one 2 or 2 1/2" nail at each corner, going through the overlapping section into the board next to it.
Making the Bottom
Cut two 12 long sections of the fence board for the bottom of the planter. If the fence boards have the corners cut off the tops, you can use these pieces for the bottom since they won't show and they'll be supported by the base.
Lay these fence board sections over the base, matching up edges and corners. Use 8 of the 1 ½ inch nails to attach to the base, four for each board (two along the edge and one at each end). Note: you can use more nails if you like for a more secure fit.
Drill five 1/2 to 3/4 holes for drainage, one in the center and one near each corner.
Making the Sides
Place a 12 fence board section on one edge of the base, even with the bottom and corner, to form the start of one of the four sides of your planter. Place one of the 12 1x2 sections on top of it at the base, and nail through both boards to the base board using a 2 nail about 1 from the corner. Now hammer a second 2" nail through both boards to the base about 1 from the other edge of the fence board. Place a second fence board next to the first (and between the base and the 1x2) and hammer through both boards to the base in two places 1 from either edge, just like the first.
Turn over, and on the opposite side nail in two more fence boards to the base with a 12 1x2 section on top, using the 2" nails.
For the remaining two sides in between, hammer together as the first two but using the 13 long 1x2 sections, overlapping with the first two at the corners. Use finishing nails at the corners to secure the 1x2 to each other for a tight fit.
Finishing the Top
Using two of the 12 long 1x2 boards, nail them along the top outside edge of the fence boards using the finishing nails, above where you used the 12 long boards along the base. Nail the remaining 13 long 1x2 boards on the opposite outside edges, overlapping the corners. Use finishing nails at the corners to nail the 1x2 to each other, making a strong corner and a more finished look.
Note: placing a 2x4 or 4x4, a tool box, or something else substantial against the edge inside the container will make hammering the top and corners much easier.
Place one 1x1 section inside each corner for additional strength. Hammer at least two finishing nails per each side of the corners through from the outside into the 1x1, about 3" from the top and bottom.
You can paint or oil your planter box on the outside for a more finished look. Decorate it with rope or macramι cord tied around it, or add wooden cut-outs or flower decals available from craft stores. Experiment and make the container uniquely yours.
To Make a Different Size Planter Box
The same basic design can be used for smaller or larger planters.
For a small planter you can use 1x1 boards for the base and ½ x 1 for the edge boards, using smaller and shorter nails.
For a really large planter use 2x4 or 4x4 for your base boards and 2x4 for your edge boards, with 2x2 reinforcing the inside of your corners. You may want to use boards thicker than fence boards for your sides, or reinforce the sides with additional 2x4 in the middle and at the corners.


dxfwrite 1.1.0 documentation
Welcome! This is the documentation for dxfwrite 1.1.0, last updated Apr 23, 2017.
A Python library to create DXF R12 drawings.
from dxfwrite import DXFEngine as dxf
drawing = dxf.drawing('test.dxf')
drawing.add(dxf.line((0, 0), (1, 0), color=7, layer='LINES'))
First create a Drawing, then create various drawing entities by DXFEngine and add them to the drawing with the Drawing.add() method. Layers, Textstyles, Linetypes, Views and Viewports were also created by the DXFEngine factory.
Indices and tables
Document License


Artificial blood that can be used by anyone regardless of their blood type and will increase the survival rate of patients has been created by scientists. Japanese researchers from the National Defense Medical College have revealed the blood which they created in a lab. The team boast it can be transfused into patients regardless of their blood. Scientists boasted their tests on rabbits have been successful, and it is hoped to be used on humans.
It is also hoped medics will be able to use the artificial blood to help seriously injured people, and it will increase survival rates. Doctors will now no longer have to worry about limits on the amount of blood available from donors. Scientists claim their artificial blood can also be stored for a year at normal temperatures. Blood can normally be kept for only 20 days at chilled temperatures before it spoils.
Loss of blood platelets that stop bleeding, and red blood cells that carry oxygen, will lead to death.
Platelets can only be stored for four days and need to be shaken.
Professor Manabu Kinoshita said: "It is difficult to stock a sufficient amount of blood for transfusions in such regions as remote islands.
Scientists used the artificial blood on ten rabbits suffering from serious blood loss.
Six of them managed to survive the tests, a ratio similar to rabbits treated with real blood.
Researchers said no negative side effects were reported in the rabbits.
The team boasted that the artificial blood will increase the survival rate of injured patients.
It means doctors will be able to act more quickly rather than having to search for blood of the right type.
The team's artificial blood consists of platelets and red blood cells – and is derived from the cell membrane.
The team's findings were published in the US medical journal Transfusion.


2020 Impact factor 1.890
Soft Matter and Biological Physics
Eur. Phys. J. E 7, 205-208 (2002)
DOI: 10.1140/epje/i200101182
Rapid Note
Line defect dynamics around a colloidal particle
J.C. Loudet, O. Mondain-Monval and P. Poulin
Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal - CNRS, Avenue A. Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France
(Received 21 December 2001)
We study experimentally the dynamics of a topological defect located around a colloidal particle suspended in a thermotropic nematic liquid crystal. The considered defect consists of a disclination loop encircling the particle at the equator. Under specific conditions, it is shown that this disclination continuously shrinks to a hedgehog defect located in the immediate vicinity of the particle. This phenomenon corresponds to a transition between an elastic quadrupolar configuration and an elastic dipolar configuration. We performed a basic numerical calculation to get an estimate of the dissipated energy during the transition; we compare the results with theoretical predictions that describe the elastic energy of particles surrounded by defects.
61.30.Jf - Defects in liquid crystals.
61.30.Gd - Orientational order of liquid crystals; electric and magnetic field effects on order.


text:
Views: 230 Author: Jasmine Publish Time: 2023-08-08 Origin: Site
Polyurethane conveying belt, also known as PU conveying belt. Polyurethane conveying belt is a conveyor belt made of polyurethane material, used for the transportation and transmission of various materials on the production line. Usually composed of polyurethane coating (optional pattern or smooth surface), wear-resistant polyester fiber reinforcement layer, and low friction polyethylene backing layer
Widely used in industries such as food, construction, pharmaceuticals, tobacco, and chemical engineering, its emergence has improved work efficiency and saved costs for enterprises, with the following excellent characteristics:
1.Strong tear resistance, good elasticity, and certain impact resistance, suitable for normal use under complex conditions;
2. It has good waterproof properties and can be used normally even in cold and humid conditions, without any impact on the conveyor belt. The PU conveying belt can still be used normally without affecting its service cycle;
3. Compared to other conveyor belts, PU conveying belt has better resistance to acid, alkali, and high temperature. Although the price is relatively high, in the long run, polyurethane conveyor belts will be more economical;
4. Compared with commonly used conveyor belts in the food industry, polyurethane conveyor belts have the advantages of thin body, light weight, and certain plasticity during use. They can not only improve conveying capacity but also reduce energy consumption. They can also optimize conveying radius, meet transportation requirements, and meet the requirements of low energy and high efficiency.
5. The annual average and longitudinal sample strength of the PU conveying belt is greater than 4.5N/mm, and the adhesion rate between the covering surface and the surface fabric layer is greater than 4N/mm;
6. Easy to clean: The surface of the PU conveying belt is flat and smooth, and it is not easy to accumulate impurities and bacteria. It can be directly washed with water or cleaned with a cleaning machine for easy cleaning and disinfection.
7. High tensile strength: PU conveying belts have high tensile strength and impact resistance, making them less prone to deformation or fracture during material transportation.
8. Environmental protection and health: The polyurethane conveyor belt complies with the REACH regulations and standards of the European Union, is non-toxic and odorless, and will not pollute food.


n);
 strValue = ent.Properties[attributeName].Value.ToString();
 ent.Close();
 ent.Dispose();
 return strValue;
}
Enumerate an Object's Properties: The Ones with Values
public static ArrayList GetUsedAttributes(string objectDn)
{
 DirectoryEntry objRootDSE = new DirectoryEntry("LDAP://" + objectDn);
 ArrayList props = new ArrayList();
 foreach (string strAttrName in objRootDSE.Properties.PropertyNames)
 {
 props.Add(strAttrName);
 }
 return props;
}
Get an Object DistinguishedName: ADO.NET search (ADVANCED)
This method is the glue that ties all the methods together since most all the methods require the consumer to provide a distinguishedName. Wherever you put this code, you must ensure that you add these enumerations as well. This allows the consumers to specify the type of object to search for and whether they want the distinguishedName returned or the objectGUID.
public enum objectClass
{
 user, group, computer
}
public enum returnType
{
 distinguishedName, ObjectGUID
}
A call to this class might look like:
myObjectReference.GetObjectDistinguishedName(objectClass.user, returnType.ObjectGUID, "john.q.public", "contoso.com")
public string GetObjectDistinguishedName(objectClass objectCls,
 returnType returnValue, string objectName, string LdapDomain)
{
 string distinguishedName = string.Empty;
 string connectionPrefix = "LDAP://" + LdapDomain;
 DirectoryEntry entry = new DirectoryEntry(connectionPrefix);
 DirectorySearcher mySearcher = new DirectorySearcher(entry);
 switch (objectCls)
 {
 case objectClass.user:
 mySearcher.Filter = "(&(objectClass=user)
 (|(cn=" + objectName + ")(sAMAccountName=" + objectName + ")))";
 break;
 case objectClass.group:
 mySearcher.Filter = "(&(objectClass=group)
 (|(cn=" + objectName + ")(dn=" + objectName + ")))";
 break;
 case objectClass.computer:
 mySearcher.Filter = "(&(objectClass=computer)
 (|(cn=" + objectName + ")(dn=" + objectName + ")))";
 break;
 }
 SearchResult result = mySearcher.FindOne();
 if (result == null)
 {
 throw new NullReferenceException
 ("unable to locate the distinguishedName for the object " +
 objectName + " in the " + LdapDomain + " domain");
 }
 DirectoryEntry directoryObject = result.GetDirectoryEntry();
 if (returnValue.Equals(returnType.distinguishedName))
 {
 distinguishedName = "LDAP://" + directoryObject.Properties
 ["distinguishedName"].Value;
 }
 if (returnValue.Equals(returnType.ObjectGUID))
 {
 distinguishedName = directoryObject.Guid.ToString();
 }
 entry.Close();
 entry.Dispose();
 mySearcher.Dispose();
 return distinguishedName;
}
Convert distinguishedName to ObjectGUID
public string ConvertDNtoGUID(string objectDN)
{
 //Removed logic to check existence first
 DirectoryEntry directoryObject = new DirectoryEntry(objectDN);
 return directoryObject.Guid.ToString();
}
Convert an ObjectGUID to OctectString: The Native ObjectGUID
public static string ConvertGuidToOctectString(string objectGuid)
{
 System.Guid guid = new Guid(objectGuid);
 byte[] byteGuid = guid.ToByteArray();
 string queryGuid = "";
 foreach (byte b in byteGuid)
 {
 queryGuid += @"\" + b.ToString("x2");
 }
 return queryGuid;
}
Search by ObjectGUID or convert ObjectGUID to distinguishedName
public static string ConvertGuidToDn(string GUID)
{
 DirectoryEntry ent = new DirectoryEntry();
 String ADGuid = ent.NativeGuid;
 DirectoryEntry x = new DirectoryEntry("LDAP://{GUID=" + ADGuid + ">");
 //change the { to <>
 return x.Path.Remove(0,7); //remove the LDAP prefix from the path
}
Publish Network Shares in Active Directory
 //Example
 private void init()
{
 CreateShareEntry("OU=HOME,dc=baileysoft,dc=com",
 "Music", @"\\192.168.2.1\Music", "mp3 Server Share");
 Console.ReadLine();
}
//Actual Method
public void CreateShareEntry(string ldapPath,
 string shareName, string shareUncPath, string shareDescription)
{
 string oGUID = string.Empty;
 string connectionPrefix = "LDAP://" + ldapPath;
 DirectoryEntry directoryObject = new DirectoryEntry(connectionPrefix);
 DirectoryEntry networkShare = directoryObject.Children.Add("CN=" +
 shareName, "volume");
 networkShare.Properties["uNCName"].Value = shareUncPath;
 networkShare.Properties["Description"].Value = shareDescription;
 networkShare.CommitChanges();
 directoryObject.Close();
 networkShare.Close();
}
Create a New Security Group
Note: by default if no GroupType property is set, the group is created as a domain security group.
public void Create(string ouPath, string name)
{
 if (!DirectoryEntry.Exists("LDAP://CN=" + name + "," + ouPath))
 {
 try
 {
 DirectoryEntry entry = new DirectoryEntry("LDAP://" + ouPath);
 DirectoryEntry group = entry.Children.Add("CN=" + name, "group");
 group.Properties["sAmAccountName"].Value = name;
 group.CommitChanges();
 }
 catch (Exception e)
 {
 Console.WriteLine(e.Message.ToString());
 }
 }
 else { Console.WriteLine(path + " already exists"); }
}
Delete a group
public void Delete(string ouPath, string groupPath)
{
 if (DirectoryEntry.Exists("LDAP://" + groupPath))
 {
 try
 {
 DirectoryEntry entry = new DirectoryEntry("LDAP://" + ouPath);
 DirectoryEntry group = new DirectoryEntry("LDAP://" + groupPath);
 entry.Children.Remove(group);
 group.CommitChanges();
 }
 catch (Exception e)
 {
 Console.WriteLine(e.Message.ToString());
 }
 }
 else
 {
 Console.WriteLine(path + " doesn't exist");
 }
}
Active Directory Users Tasks
//These methods require these imports
//You must add a references in your project as well
using System.DirectoryServices;
Authenticate a User Against the Directory
Per John Storer, thanks for sharing.
private bool Authenticate(string userName,
 string password, string domain)
{
 bool authentic = false;
 try
 {
 DirectoryEntry entry = new DirectoryEntry("LDAP://" + domain,
 userName, password);
 object nativeObject = entry.NativeObject;
 authentic = true;
 }
 catch (DirectoryServicesCOMException) { }
 return authentic;
}
Add User to Group
public void AddToGroup(string userDn, string groupDn)
{
 try
 {
 DirectoryEntry dirEntry = new DirectoryEntry("LDAP://" + groupDn);
 dirEntry.Properties["member"].Add(userDn);
 dirEntry.CommitChanges();
 dirEntry.Close();
 }
 catch (System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryServicesCOMException E)
 {
 //doSomething with E.Message.ToString();
 }
}
Remove User from Group
public void RemoveUserFromGroup(string userDn, string groupDn)
{
 try
 {
 DirectoryEntry dirEntry = new DirectoryEntry("LDAP://" + groupDn);
 dirEntry.Properties["member"].Remove(userDn);
 dirEntry.CommitChanges();
 dirEntry.Close();
 }
 catch (System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryServicesCOMException E)
 {
 //doSomething with E.Message.ToString();
 }
}
Get User Group Memberships of the Logged in User from


text:
are allowed.[type] (union NAME)
A union of the name NAME, which should be a string.
Unions cannot be directly passed as arguments to foreign functions, nor can they be result values. However, pointers to unions are allowed.[type] (enum NAME)
An enumeration type. Handled internally as an integer.
C++ types[type] (instance CNAME SCHEMECLASS)
A pointer to a C++ class instance wrapped into a Scheme object instance. CNAME should designate the name of the C++ class, and SCHEMECLASS should be the class that wraps the instance pointer.
(make SCHEMECLASS 'this POINTER) (slot-ref INSTANCE 'this)[type] (instance-ref CNAME SCHEMECLASS)
A reference to a C++ class instance.[type] (template TYPE ARGTYPE...)
A C++ template type. For example vector would be specified as (template "vector" int).
Template types cannot be directly passed as arguments or returned as results. However, pointers to template types are allowed.
Type qualifiers[type] (const TYPE)
The foreign type TYPE with an additional const qualifier.
Map of foreign types to C types
|Foreign type||C type|
|[nonnull-]blob||unsigned char *|
|[nonnull-]u8vector||unsigned char *|
|[nonnull-]u16vector||unsigned short *|
|[nonnull-]unsigned-c-string||unsigned char *|
|([nonnull-]c-pointer TYPE)||TYPE *|
|(enum NAME)||enum NAME|
|(struct NAME)||struct NAME|
|(ref TYPE)||TYPE &|
|(template T1 T2...)||T1|
|(union NAME)||union NAME|
|(function RTYPE (ATYPE...) [CALLCONV])||[CALLCONV] RTYPE (*)(ATYPE,...)|
|(instance CNAME SNAME)||CNAME *|
|(instance-ref CNAME SNAME)||CNAME &|
Previous: Accessing external objects


Due to dodgy air quality, a good face mask is a must have accessory for residing China. While air-pollution masks are more and more common outdoors in China, another sort of mask is turning heads indoors: computer radiation face masks.
Called "fang fushe mian ju" (防辐射面具), the radiation prevention masks, unlike air-pollution masks, are are only used indoors—and typically in front of computers. Unlike normal face masks that cover the lower portion of the face (the nose and mouth), their computer radiation counterparts cover the whole face leaving openings for the eyes, nostrils, and mouth.
These masks aren't exactly new, they've been around for a while. First surfacing in 2009, they found fans among female office workers afraid of receiving unhealthy doses of radiation from looking at a computer screen for long hours at a time.
The masks even made the evening news that same year; however, the trend seemed to die down after reports appeared online saying the masks didn't do much to stop radiation. In an Xiamen News Online article, for example, there were doctors that said the masks do little because the amount of radiation from LCD computer screens were negligible.
However, these masks never really went away. Even as I sit writing this now in Beijing, a young group of women in the China Daily building where I work are sitting at their desks, wearing radiation masks. In an office of 20 women, six have these masks, two of which are currently wearing them. Anecdotal evidence, sure, and it's hard to say how widespread these are, but they still exist.
For some young women, the masks offer an extra layer of protection. According to one of my female colleagues who is surnamed Yu, she wears these masks because they help protect her skin from radiation. Yu, who edits and produces multimedia content, says she stares at a computer screen all day. Wearing the mask, she says can help her keep protect her complexion.
"I like wearing the masks, it hides my whole face from view," said Yu. "The masks hides my whole face so one can see my expression."
She said she purchased hers a month ago.
A search on China's micro-blogging Sina Weibo platform shows that there are close to 40,000 hits on the subject of computer radiation face masks. Some Weibo sers are have taken to showing off selfies of themselves wearing their face masks. Here are some from the past month or so:
_USER_-meilin: Check out what my roommate just bought. It kind of feels like wearing a diaper.
_USER_: First day wearing the new computer radiation mask. Scared my dorm mates, and some even said I look like a bird... I'm starting to wonder if these things are for real.
_USER_: Check out my new mask. Doesn't it look like a high class luxury item?
Contrary to news reports, sellers on China's mega e-commerce site, Taobao.com, still advertise the masks as effective in combating radiation. A typical mask sells for about 10 dollars and are made out of cloth like materials. On Taobao, these masks are marketed as a beauty product. They're meant to keep skin from drying out from the radiation that computer screens emit.
A look on Taobao shows a variety of different masks available for purchase. Some of these masks even offer something called "silver fiber lining".
There seems to be a disconnect with these masks. The same people who wear these face masks don't wear anti-pollution face masks when they go outside where the air quality is terrible. Then again, people do crazy things out of fear for radiation. When the Fukushima incident happened in Japan, many Chinese, myself included, went out and purchased iodised salt, which was reportedly able to help with radiation poison.
Seeing how I sit in front of an electronic screen most of my day, I think I might invest in one of these masks...if they really work, that is. Maybe I can find one that looks like a Lucha Libre mask?
Photos: 40ge, Baidu, hangzhou.com,Hudong.com, _USER_-meilin, _USER_, _USER_,Taobao.com


text:
What if a quick, cheap and relatively painless procedure could double the chances of becoming pregnant through in-vitro fertilization? British researchers say a simple scratch to the uterine lining might do just that, but some experts are skeptical.
A new review of eight previously published studies suggests women who have their wombs gently scraped a month before starting IVF are twice as likely to having babies. The procedure, called local endometrial injury, takes about 15 minutes and costs as little as $200.
"Because the success rate of IVF is modest, these results are of considerable interest since the proposed intervention is neither expensive nor time-consuming and is apparently devoid of significant complications," the review authors wrote.
In IVF, a woman's eggs are plucked from her ovaries and fertilized in a laboratory. The resulting embryos are then transferred back into the woman's womb, but fewer than half will implant in the uterine lining and result in a pregnancy, according to the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology.
"It's a very complicated biochemical process," said Dr. Richard Paulson, director of the Fertility Program at the University of Southern California's Keck School of Medicine in Los Angeles. "The embryo has to chemically communicate with the surface of the endometrium, give a kiss of death to some of the cells underneath to make room for implantation, and then invade the tissue much like a cancer."
The new review, published in the journal Reproductive BioMedicine Online, suggests a small scratch in the endometrium can boost the receptivity of the uterus to an implanted embryo. But some experts say the studies cited were flawed; most of them lacked proper control groups.
"Certainly this warrants revisiting the issue," said Dr. James Goldfarb, director of the University Hospitals Fertility Center in Cleveland and past president of the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technologies. "I think the value of this review is that it might entice people to do good randomized control studies so we can know if this truly helps or not."
The idea of scratching the womb to aid implantation stemmed from the observation in 2003 that women who had endometrial biopsies after one or more failed IVF cycles were more likely to get pregnant. But it's unclear how an endometrial injury might improve implantation. Some studies suggest the tiny scratch triggers the release of growth factors from the uterine lining. But the timing of it -- one month before a woman starts IVF -- raises questions.
"All those cells are going to be sloughed off," said Paulson, explaining how the uterine lining sheds with each menstrual period. "That's a problem."
The procedure, Paulson said, also defies Mother Nature.
"Teleologically, this would never have occurred in nature," he said of injuring an organ to boost its function. "You might be allowing the implantation of an embryo that would not normally implant."
But if endometrial injury is proven to safely promote implantation, it would be a welcome addition to a growing repertoire of fertility treatments. The simple procedure -- akin to an endometrial biopsy -- is fast, inexpensive and feels like little more than a menstrual cramp.
"A little plastic tube, about 3 millimeters wide, is pushed through the cervical canal," said Dr. James Grifo of the NYU Fertility Center in New York, describing the flexible catheter that gently scoops up some endometrial tissue. "It's certainly something worthy of more study."
For the women who have endured the emotional ups and downs of failed fertility treatments, the procedure raises hopes that fewer IVF attempts will fail.
"It's unbelievably frustrating," said Paulson. "It's the penultimate event in pregnancy… and we're unable at the present time to circumvent the physical problems that prevent it from happening."


carbide will be present in the cake in an approximately27.5% by volume. Given the difference in specific gravity between boron carbide (approximately 2.5 gr/cc) and alumina/zirconia (approximately 3.8 gr/cc) this means that a percentage in weight between about 1% to about 25% corresponds to a percentage involume of the carbide grains in the ceramic material between about 1.5% to about 34%. When the same size particles is used (i.e. the volume of each the alumina/zirconia and the boron carbide grain would be the same), this would mean that about 1 inabout 60 to about 1 in about 3 of the total of alumina/zirconia comprising grains and carbide grains is a carbide grain.
The same volume percentage range (i.e., about 1.5% to about 34%) would correspond to an amount of silicon carbide grains (which have a higher specific gravity of 3.2 gr/cc) in a weight range between about 1.2% to about 30%; and an amount oftungsten carbide grains (which have a specific gravity of 15 gr/cc) in a weight range between about 5.6% to about 66%.
Additionally, in one embodiment, the ceramic grains present in the ceramic cake comprises zirconia and titanium oxide, in addition to alumina. In certain aspects of this embodiment, the alumina is present in an amount of between about 30% toabout 65%; zirconia is present for an amount between about 30% to about 65% and titanium oxide is present in an amount of about 1% to about 7%, wherein the above recited percentages are expressed in terms of weight percent over all of the grains. In oneembodiment, titanium oxide is present in the ceramic cake in an amount between about 2% to about 6% by weight. In another embodiment, the titanium oxide is present in the ceramic cake in an amount between about 3% to about 5.5% by weight. In anotherembodiment, alumina is present in the ceramic cake in an amount between about 40% to about 55% by weight. In another embodiment, the zirconia is present in the ceramic cake in an amount between about 40% to about 50% by weight.
Additionally, in certain other embodiments, the percentages of alumina and zirconia in the ceramic grains are between about 40% and about 55% by weight for alumina and about 40 to about 50% by weight for zirconia. In one embodiment, the aluminaand zirconia contents in the alumina/zirconia/titanium oxide grains are each approximately 50% and the titanium oxide content is approximately 5%.
The inclusion of zirconia in ceramic grains comprising alumina has a positive effect on the wear resistance of the grains. Further inclusion of titanium oxide into the ceramic grains has an additional positive effect on the wear resistance. Interestingly, titanium oxide is itself considerably softer than either alumina or zirconia, which makes its positive effect on wear resistance all the more remarkable. In a preferred embodiment, the amount of titanium oxide is between about 2% to about6%, most preferably between about 3% and about 5.5% by weight of the grains.
It is noted that the amount of alumina/zirconia/titanium oxide present in each individual grain within the metal matrix ceramic composite wear-part, and that all percentages mentioned above, relate to average percentages over all the individualgrains combined. For example, on a microscopic level, each ceramic grain comprising alumina and zirconia is typically composed of a phase mixture of different solid phases, i.e., the grains are not a homogeneous solid solution. For example, inside anindividual ceramic grain comprising alumina and zirconia, the composition is not homogeneous but a phase mixture is present, i.e. different parts of the grain have a different composition, some parts forming a solid phase comprising a first percentage ofalumina and a second percentage zirconia, other parts forming a different solid phase or solid phases having different percentages alumina and zirconia or being mainly composed of alumina or zirconia. These solid phases can optionally comprise titania. Thus ceramic grain, as a whole, is in the form of a phase mixture.
The sizes of ceramic and carbide grains are normally described in grit sizes in accordance to FEPA standards. The grit sizes recommended to be used for producing metal matrix ceramic composite ranges from about 6 to about 12 grit sizes as perFEPA standard. In a preferred embodiment, the alumina/zirconia and carbide grains are of comparable grit size, i.e. not differing by more than 4 grit sizes, preferably not more than two grit sizes. In one embodiment, the alumina/zirconia and carbidegrains are of the substantially the same grit size.
In other embodiments, a ceramic cake comprising ceramic and carbide grains can further comprise additional constituents which can act to improve the bonding and mouldability of the grains (which are relatively coarse). One such constituent issodium silicate which helps bind the grains and improves mouldability.
In the manufacture of a ceramic cake of the invention, it may be desirable, for example, to produce a ceramic cake having ceramic and carbide grains at specific locations. Additionally, it also may be desirable to shape the ceramic cakes of theinvention comprising ceramic and carbide grains as to possess adequate strength to withstand engulfing by a liquid metal. To achieve this, the ceramic cake can optionally comprise a very fine ceramic powder, to further improve the mouldability and thehardness of the ceramic cake and increase the wear resistance of the final product. In one embodiment, the very fine ceramic powder is mainly comprised of aluminium oxide powder. As stated above, the presence of fine ceramic powder, e.g., of alumina,further improves the mouldability of the of the ceramic cake mixes and wear resistance. In a preferred embodiment, the ceramic cakes of the invention comprises a fine ceramic powder, preferably alumina.
As used herein, the term "very fine powder" refers to a powder of a size considerably smaller (e.g., at least about one, and preferably about two orders of magnitude) than the size of the ceramic grains (comprising, for example,alumina/zirconia/titania). In a preferred embodiment, the ceramic cakes further comprise approximately 3% by weight of a fine alumina powder and approximately 5% of the weight of an inorganic binder. In another embodiment, the binder is sodium silicateand is present in an amount between about 4% to about 6%. Such fine ceramic powder is preferably mixed in a weight percentage of between about 1% and about 4%, i.e. relative to the total weight of the ceramic grains and carbide grains. In oneembodiment, the grain size of a fine ceramic powder is in the range of FEPA grit sizes of between about 1000 to about 1400. By contrast, the grain size of the ceramic grains and the carbide grains are preferably in the range of about 6 to about 12 FEPAgrit sizes.
In one embodiment, the ceramic cakes further comprise approximately 3% by weight of a fine alumina powder and approximately 5% of the weight of a sodium silicate inorganic binder.
The addition of very fine ceramic powder, preferably comprising aluminium oxide powder, along with sodium silicate to a ceramic cake mix has shown to provide improved mouldability and achieve an increase in strength. The addition of a 1000 to1400, preferably 1200 grit fine aluminium oxide powder imparts thixotropic properties to the ceramic cake. In one preferred embodiment, fine alumina powder is used as the fine ceramic powder, but other fine ceramic powders, for instance zirconia oralumina/zirconia powders could also be used. FIG. 3 illustrates schematically the presence of a fine alumina powder 6 in a ceramic cake according to one embodiment.
In another aspect, the present invention provides for a method for the manufacturing of a ceramic cake comprising the steps of: combining a mixture of ceramic grains, carbide grains, fine ceramic powder and a binder in a flexible holder, andhardening the mixture to form a ceramic cake. The above-described mixture of ingredients in a ceramic cake (e.g., grains, very fine ceramic powders and binders typically do not have adequate "green strength" (i.e., adequate strength in the unbakedstate)). In these instances, the shaped ceramic cakes are preferably supported in a flexible core box, preferably a rubber core boxes (e.g. silicone rubber). In one embodiment, the core boxes used in the manufacturing of ceramic cakes are composed ofrubber. The use of a flexible, preferably rubber core box (e.g., silicone) facilitates the manufacturing of cakes of complex shapes. FIG. 4 illustrates the use of a rubber core box 7 around ceramic cakes 1 according to one


share the android_app and ALooper data structures. ptrace also requires a child process.
Redefining fopen locally would work for C fopen, but not for C++ cout.
Pre-extracting assets requires additional disk space to store the files, but is the more reasonable solution.
Accessing assetsEdit
Developers have been struggling to access resources easily in the NDK:
 - Android API : you can call the Android Java functions through JNI, but getting a file descriptor requires using unofficial functions and only work on uncompressed files; using Java buffer operations instead is quite tedious C/C++
 - libzip : you can easily access the .apk with libzip, though you need to integrate the library in your build system
 - NDK API : in Android 2.3/Gingerbread/API android-9 at last, there is an NDK api to access resources
Let's use the NDK API. It is not transparent for the developer either (no fopen/cout replacement) but is reasonably easy to use.
What's a bit more tricky is to grab the AssetManager from Java/JNI in our native activity.
Note: we'll use the slightly simplified C++ syntax for JNI (not the C syntax).
First, our native activity works in its own thread, so we need care when retrieving the JNI handle in android_main:
 JNIEnv* env = state_param->activity->env;
 JavaVM* vm = state_param->activity->vm;
 vm->AttachCurrentThread(&env, NULL);
Then let's get a handle on our calling NativeActivity instance:
 jclass activityClass = env->GetObjectClass(state_param->activity->clazz);
We also need to decide where to extract the files. We'll use the application's standard cache directory:
 // Get path to cache dir (/data/data/org.wikibooks.OpenGL/cache)
 jmethodID getCacheDir = env->GetMethodID(activityClass, "getCacheDir", "()Ljava/io/File;");
 jobject file = env->CallObjectMethod(state_param->activity->clazz, getCacheDir);
 jclass fileClass = env->FindClass("java/io/File");
 jmethodID getAbsolutePath = env->GetMethodID(fileClass, "getAbsolutePath", "()Ljava/lang/String;");
 jstring jpath = (jstring)env->CallObjectMethod(file, getAbsolutePath);
 const char* app_dir = env->GetStringUTFChars(jpath, NULL);
 // chdir in the application cache directory
 LOGI("app_dir: %s", app_dir);
 chdir(app_dir);
 env->ReleaseStringUTFChars(jpath, app_dir);
We now can get the NativeActivity AssetManager:
#include <android/asset_manager.h>
 jobject assetManager = state_param->activity->assetManager;
 AAssetManager* mgr = AAssetManager_fromJava(env, assetManager);
The actual extraction is simple: browse all files and copy them on disk one by one:
 AAssetDir* assetDir = AAssetManager_openDir(mgr, "");
 const char* filename = (const char*)NULL;
 while ((filename = AAssetDir_getNextFileName(assetDir)) != NULL) {
 AAsset* asset = AAssetManager_open(mgr, filename, AASSET_MODE_STREAMING);
 char buf[BUFSIZ];
 int nb_read = 0;
 FILE* out = fopen(filename, "w");
 while ((nb_read = AAsset_read(asset, buf, BUFSIZ)) > 0)
 fwrite(buf, nb_read, 1, out);
 fclose(out);
 AAsset_close(asset);
 }
 AAssetDir_close(assetDir);
Now, all files can be accessed using plain fopen/cout by the application.
This technique is adapted to our tutorials, but probably not for bigger applications. In this case, you could either:
 - request write privilege on the SD card and extract files there (that's what the SDL Android port does),
 - use a wrapper around your file accesses that uses the AssetManager on Android (beware that it's read-only access)
OrientationEdit
By setting:
 <activity ...
 android:screenOrientation="portrait"
Your application only works in portrait mode, independently of the device orientation or shape. This is not recommended but this may be useful for some games.
To handle orientation more efficiently, you theoretically need to check for onSurfaceChanged events. The onSurfaceChanged_native handler in android_app_NativeActivity.cpp wrapper doesn't seem to create a onNativeWindowResized event appropriately on orientation change, so instead we'll just monitor it regularly:
/* glutMainLoop */
 int32_t lastWidth = -1;
 int32_t lastHeight = -1;
 // loop waiting for stuff to do.
 while (1) {
 ...
 int32_t newWidth = ANativeWindow_getWidth(engine.app->window);
 int32_t newHeight = ANativeWindow_getHeight(engine.app->window);
 if (newWidth != lastWidth || newHeight != lastHeight) {
 lastWidth = newWidth;
 lastHeight = newHeight;
 onNativeWindowResized(engine.app->activity, engine.app->window);
 // Process new resize event :)
 continue;
 }
Now we can process the event:
static void onNativeWindowResized(ANativeActivity* activity, ANativeWindow* window) {
 struct android_app* android_app = (struct android_app*)activity->instance;
 LOGI("onNativeWindowResized");
 // Sent an event to the queue so it gets handled in the app thread
 // after other waiting events, rather than asynchronously in the
 // native_app_glue event thread:
 android_app_write_cmd(android_app, APP_CMD_WINDOW_RESIZED);
}
Note: it is possible to process APP_CMD_CONFIG_CHANGED events, but it happens before the screen is resized, so it's too early to get the new screen size.
Android can only detect the new screen size after a buffer swap, so let's abuse another hook to get a resize event:
/* android_main */
 state_param->activity->callbacks->onContentRectChanged = onContentRectChanged;
...
static void onContentRectChanged(ANativeActivity* activity, const ARect* rect) {
 LOGI("onContentRectChanged: l=%d,t=%d,r=%d,b=%d", rect->left, rect->top, rect->right, rect->bottom);
 // Make Android realize the screen size changed, needed when the
 // GLUT app refreshes only on event rather than in loop. Beware
 // that we're not in the GLUT thread here, but in the event one.
 glutPostRedisplay();
}
Input eventsEdit
We reuse engine_handle_input from the native-activity sample.
It's important to return 0 when the event is not directly handled, so that the Android system does it. For instance we usually let Android take care of the Back button.
The NativeActivity framework doesn't seem to send appropriate repeat events: the key is pressed and unpressed at the exact same time, and the repeat count is always 0. Consequently it doesn't seem possible to process arrow keys from Hacker's Keyboard without rewriting part of the framework.
Motion (touchscreen) and keyboard events are handle through the same channel.
The allow users without keyboard to use the arrow keys, we implemented a virtual keypad (VPAD), located in the bottom-left corner, activated on touchscreen. Effort was made to avoid mixing a VPAD event with an existing motion event and vice-versa.
ReferencesEdit
 1. That's the technique used by SDL for Windows's WinMain.
LinksEdit
Source code for


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Clue scroll detail
A Clue scroll (hard), sometimes called a level 3 clue scroll, is a random drop from a large variety of high-levelled monsters or it can be bought from Stanley Limelight for 45 thaler. These clue scrolls can be 1-8 steps long. If a player possesses a clue scroll, they must either complete it or drop/destroy it in order to receive a new one. Clue scrolls are the start of a Treasure Trail - a treasure hunt that sends players hunting all around RuneScape. At the end of the hunt players receive a reward of items randomly selected from a specific list, possibly including very rare and very valuable items. For a guide on how to complete a clue scroll, see: Treasure Trails Guide. Level 3 clue scrolls are usually moderately long and complex, and can give the player puzzle boxes to solve. They can also involve trips to the Wilderness, and fights with a Zamorak wizard or a Double agent. They can offer valuable rewards in return, such as Third-age armour or Gilded armour.
These clue scrolls are much harder than those of the difficulties below, due to the risk of being attacked, and the requirements for more quests to be at least partially completed.
This clue scroll may contain the following types of clue:
Completion of hard clues will either give a Scroll box (hard), containing another clue, or a Casket (hard), containing the final reward for the trail.
Dropping monstersEdit
Rewards from any levelEdit
Image Name
Coins 10000 2,500–50,000 Coins
Saradomin page 1 Guthix page 1 Zamorak page 1 Armadyl page 1 Bandos page 1 Ancient page 1 1–3 God pages for God books.
Meerkats pouch Fetch casket scroll Noted Meerkats pouches or fetch casket scrolls
Hard rewardsEdit
For a detailed breakdown of the drop mechanics and calculations involved with the drop chances, see Treasure Trails/Rewards#Hard
The items listed below are the rewards you can get from level 3 Treasure Trails. 4 to 6 items are awarded from each Casket (hard) opened. These and the elite clue scrolls are the only levels of clue scrolls from which the rare third age armour rewards may be received.
Enchanted robes equipped
A player wearing Enchanted robes
Robin hood hat equipped
A player wearing a Robin hood hat
Sack of effigies equipped
A player wearing a Sack of effigies
Gilded armour set (sk) equipped
A player wearing Gilded armour
Third-age melee armour equipped
A player wearing Third-age armour
Rare rewards table[1]
Image Name
Yew composite bow Magic composite bow Yew composite or Magic composite bow
Rune full helm (t) Rune platebody (t) Rune platelegs (t) Rune plateskirt (t) Rune kiteshield (t) A piece of Trimmed rune armour
Rune full helm (g) Rune platebody (g) Rune platelegs (g) Rune plateskirt (g) Rune kiteshield (g) A piece of Gold-trimmed rune armour
Saradomin full helm Saradomin platebody Saradomin platelegs Saradomin plateskirt Saradomin kiteshield A piece of Saradomin rune armour
Guthix full helm Guthix platebody Guthix platelegs Guthix plateskirt Guthix kiteshield A piece of Guthix rune armour
Zamorak full helm Zamorak platebody Zamorak platelegs Zamorak plateskirt Zamorak kiteshield A piece of Zamorak rune armour
Dragonhide body (t) (blue) Dragonhide chaps (t) (blue) A piece of Trimmed blue dragonhide armour
Dragonhide body (g) (blue) Dragonhide chaps (g) (blue) A piece of Gold-trimmed blue dragonhide armour
Pirate's hat Robin hood hat Pirate or Robin hood hat
Enchanted hat Enchanted top Enchanted robe Enchanted hat, top, or robe
Tan cavalier Dark cavalier Black cavalier Tan, dark, or black cavaliers
Rune helm (h1) Rune platebody (h2) Rune platelegs (h3) Rune plateskirt (h4) Rune shield (h5) A piece of Rune heraldic armour (h1—h5)
Amulet of glory (t) Amulet of fury (t) Amulet of glory (t) or Amulet of Fury (t)
Saradomin stole Guthix stole Zamorak stole Saradomin, Guthix, or Zamorak stole
Saradomin crozier Guthix crozier Zamorak crozier Saradomin, Guthix, or Zamorak crozier
Armadyl mitre Bandos mitre Ancient mitre Armadyl, Bandos, or Ancient mitre
Armadyl cloak Bandos cloak Ancient cloak Armadyl, Bandos, or Ancient vestment cloak
Saradomin coif Saradomin body Saradomin chaps Saradomin vambraces A piece of Blessed d'hide armour (Saradomin)
Guthix coif Guthix body Guthix chaps Guthix vambraces A piece of Blessed d'hide armour (Guthix)
Zamorak coif Zamorak body Zamorak chaps Zamorak vambraces A piece of Blessed d'hide armour (Zamorak)
Fox mask White unicorn mask Black unicorn mask Green dragon mask Blue dragon mask Red dragon mask Fox, white unicorn, black unicorn, green dragon, blue dragon, or red dragon animal masks
Top hat Rune cane Top hat or Rune cane
Costume-skipping ticket Puzzle-skipping ticket Knot-skipping ticket 1–4 Costume, Puzzle, or Knot-skipping tickets
 1. ^ Approximately 1 in 16 chance per item roll to receive something from this table.
Dyes & Capes reward table
Image Name
Barrows dye Shadow dye Barrows dye[1] or Shadow dye[2]
Backstab cape Sack of effigies Explosive barrel Backstab cape[3], Sack of effigies[4], or Explosive barrel[5]
Prismatic large fallen star Prismatic large fallen star
 1. ^ Approximately 1 in 1,707 chance per clue to receive a Barrows dye.
 2. ^ Approximately 1 in 3,072 chance per clue to receive a Shadow dye.
 3. ^ Approximately 1 in 4,608 chance per clue to receive a Backstab cape.
 4. ^ Approximately 1 in 9,216 chance per clue to receive a Sack of effigies.
 5. ^ Less than a 1 in 100,000 chance per item roll to receive an Explosive barrel, making it the rarest of all hard rewards.
Mega-rare table[1]
Image Name
Gilded full helm Gilded platebody Gilded platelegs Gilded plateskirt Gilded kiteshield A piece of Gilded armour[2]
Super attack (4) Super defence (4) Super strength (4) 5 (noted) Super attack, Super defence, and Super strength potions
Super energy (4) Super restore (4) Antifire (4) 15 (noted) Super energy, Super restore, or Antifire potions
Starved ancient effigy Starved ancient effigy[3]
 1. ^ Approximately 1 in 1,536 chance per item roll to receive something from this table.
 2. ^ Approximately 1 in 676 chance per clue to receive a piece of Gilded armour—approximately 1 in 3,380 for a specific piece.
 3. ^ A maximum of 5 effigies can be stored by a player. If a player does have 5 effigies stored and would have obtained this reward, 2,500 coins is rewarded in its place.
Third-age rewards table[1]
Image Name
Third-age full helmet Third-age platebody Third-age platelegs Third-age kiteshield A piece of Third-age warrior armour
Third-age mage hat Third-age robe top Third-age robe Third-age amulet A piece of Third-age mage armour
Third-age range coif Third-age range top Third-age range legs Third-age vambraces A piece of Third-age ranger armour
 1. ^ Approximately 1 in 3,380 chance per clue to receive something from this table—approximately 1 in 40,551 for a specific piece.
Common rewards table
Image Name Image Name
Rune pickaxe Rune longsword Rune 2h sword Rune pickaxe, longsword, or 2h sword Rune full helm Rune platebody Rune platelegs Rune kiteshield Rune full helm, platebody, platelegs, or kiteshield
Black d'hide body Black d'hide chaps Black d'hide body or chaps Rune arrow 5 150 Rune arrows
Mystic air staff Mystic fire staff Mystic earth staff Mystic water staff Mystic air, Mystic fire, Mystic earth, or Mystic water staffs Law rune Nature rune Astral rune Blood rune 75 Law, Nature, Astral or Blood runes
Mahogany


SQL statement for querying the maximum number of SQLServer connections
Source: Internet
Author: User
Set the T-SQL statement under the maximum number of connections to configure the maximum number of concurrent user connections allowed by SQLServer. Execsp_configureshowadvancedoptions, 1execsp_configureuserconnections, the first sentence of 100 is used to display the sp_configure system stored procedure advanced options, using userconnection
Set the T-SQL statement under the maximum number of connections to configure the maximum number of concurrent user connections allowed by SQL Server. Exec sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1 exec sp_configure 'user connections', the first sentence of 100 is used to display the advanced options of sp_configure system stored procedure, using user connection
Set the maximum number of connections
The following T-SQL statements configure the maximum number of concurrent user connections allowed by SQL Server.
Exec sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1
Exec sp_configure 'user connections', 100
The first sentence is used to display the advanced options of the sp_configure system stored procedure. When user connections is used, the value of show advanced options is required to be 1.
In the second sentence, the maximum number of connections is. 0 indicates no limit, but not unlimited.
You can also configure it in Enterprise Manager. In Enterprise Manager, you can right-click an instance and choose "properties"> "connection" to change it.
You need to restart SQL Server to make the value take effect.
@ Max_connections
Select @ max_connections
It always returns 32767, not the user connections set above. In fact, it indicates the maximum number of user connections can be set. Since the maximum value is 32767, when user connections is 0, the maximum number of connections is 32767, which is not infinite.
By default, the user connections value is 0, which means that the maximum number of connections of SQL Server is 32767 by default.
Obtain the maximum number of connections currently set:
Select value from master. dbo. sysconfigures where [config] = 103
How to monitor SQLServer connections
/* Query the number of connections */
Select loginame, count (1) as Nums
From sys. sysprocesses
Group by loginame
Order by 2 desc
Select spid, ecid, status, loginame, hostname, cmd, request_id
From sys. sysprocesses where loginame = ''and hostname =''
Method 2:
SP_WHO 'loginname'
LoginName is the user name used to log on to SQL. Generally, a username is used in the program to log on to SQL. This user name can be used to check the connection occupied by the user name after login.
If you do not enter loginName, all connections are returned.
Since the number of connections is predictable and monitorable, it is measurable, so we can evaluate or test the program concurrency based on the actual situation.
With this, I believe the above confusions can be solved.
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text:
that is most effective for their hunting situation.
Be Prepared for Hunting Regulations
Just as there are rules and regulations governing our everyday life, so too there are rules and regulations governing hunting. While these regulations may seem like a pain, they are in place for a reason – to ensure the safety of both the hunter and the prey.
Before heading out on your next hunting trip, be sure to familiarize yourself with the local regulations. Here are a few things to keep in mind:
- Depending on the state, there may be different regulations governing the hunting of different animals. For example, in some states it is legal to hunt deer with a rifle, while in others only shotguns are allowed.
- Some states have regulations regarding the use of decoys. In general, these states require that hunters use only a certain number of decoys ( usually six ) and that they be placed a certain distance from the hunter (usually 100 yards).
- Some states require that hunters wear fluorescent orange clothing while hunting. This rule is in place to help make hunters visible to other people in the area and to help prevent accidental shootings.
- Baiting rules vary from state to state, but in general, baiting is not permitted in areas where there is a high concentration of hunters. This rule is in place to prevent hunters from taking unfair advantage of the prey.
By familiarizing yourself with the local hunting regulations, you can help to ensure a safe and enjoyable hunting trip for everyone involved.
In conclusion, hunting geese without decoys can be done, but it is not easy. There are a few things that you need to do in order to be successful. First, you need to find a spot where there is a lot of goose activity.
Second, you need to be able to call the geese in. And finally, you need to have a good hide so the geese cannot see you. If you can do these things, then you will be able to hunt geese without decoys.
I hope this article has helped you understand how to hunt geese without decoys. It is not as difficult as it may seem, but it does take some practice.
I encourage you to go out and try it for yourself. With a little bit of patience and practice, you will be able to call the geese in and have a successful hunt without decoys.
Can I really hunt geese successfully without decoys?
Absolutely! While decoys are commonly used in goose hunting, it's entirely possible to have a successful hunt without them. You just need to adjust your strategy and approach.
What should I focus on instead of using decoys?
Pay attention to natural elements that attract geese, such as feeding areas, roosting spots, and flight paths. Understanding their behavior and adapting to their movements will be key.
How can I locate geese without decoys to draw them in?
Scouting is crucial. Spend time observing geese in their habitat, noting their feeding patterns and resting areas. Look for areas with fresh water and ample food sources, and position yourself accordingly.
What types of calls should I use when hunting without decoys?
Mastering goose calls becomes even more essential in this scenario. Practice a variety of calls, including greeting calls, feeding calls, and comeback calls, to mimic natural goose sounds and attract their attention.
Should I change my camouflage strategy without decoys?
Yes, adapt your camouflage to the surroundings. Blend in with natural vegetation, use shadows to your advantage, and consider a layout blind to conceal yourself effectively.
Are there specific times of day that are better for hunting geese without decoys?
Early mornings and late afternoons are generally prime times for goose hunting. Geese are more active during these periods, making it easier to spot and engage them.


text:
A Study of The Effect of Demand Uncertainty for Low-Carbon Products Using a Newsvendor Model
AbstractThis paper studies the effect of uncertain demand on a low-carbon product by using a newsvendor model. With two different kinds of market scales, we examine a game whereby a manufacturer produces and delivers a single new low-carbon product to a single retailer. The retailer observes the demand information and gives an order before the selling season. We find in the game that if the retailer shares truthful (or in contrast unreal or even does not share) forecast information with the manufacturer, the manufacturer will give a low (high) wholesale price through the sequence of events. In addition, as a policy-maker, the government posts a subsidy by selling the low-carbon product per unit. The manufacturer creates a new contract with a rebate for the retailer. We also take the consumer aversion coefficient and truth coefficient as qualitative variables into our model to study the order, pricing, and expected profit for the members of supply chain. The research shows that uncertain demand causes a the major effect on the new low-carbon product. Thereby, we suggest the retailer should share more truthful information with the manufacturer. View Full-Text
Share & Cite This Article
Qu, S.; Zhou, Y. A Study of The Effect of Demand Uncertainty for Low-Carbon Products Using a Newsvendor Model. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 1276.
Qu S, Zhou Y. A Study of The Effect of Demand Uncertainty for Low-Carbon Products Using a Newsvendor Model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(11):_URL_ Style
Qu, Shaojian; Zhou, Yongyi. 2017. "A Study of The Effect of Demand Uncertainty for Low-Carbon Products Using a Newsvendor Model." Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 14, no. 11: 1276.
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.


Difference between revisions of "InversePoisson Command"
From GeoGebra Manual
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<noinclude>{{Manual Page|version=5.0}}</noinclude>{{command|probability}}
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;InversePoisson( <Mean>, <Probability> )
;InversePoisson[ <Mean λ>, <Probability p> ]
+
:Returns least integer ''n'' such that ''P(X≤n) ≥ p'', where ''p'' is the probability and ''X'' is Poisson random variable with mean ''λ''.
:Returns least integer "n" such that ''P(x≤n) ≥ p'', where X is Poisson random variable with mean λ.

{{Note|See also [[Poisson Command]].}}

{{Note|See also [[Poisson Command]].}}
Latest revision as of 17:15, 7 October 2017
© 2022 International GeoGebra Institute


text:
Free Online Dictionary
|Babylon English English dictionary||Download this dictionary|
v. change, alter; improve; improve oneself
The following video provides you with the correct English pronunciation of the word "amend", to help you become a better English speaker.
|Wikipedia English The Free Encyclopedia||Download this dictionary|
Amend as a verb means to change or modify something, as in:
|See more at Wikipedia.org...|
© This article uses material from Wikipedia® and is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License and under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
|WordNet 2.0 Dictionary||Download this dictionary|
1. make amendments to; "amend the document"
2. to make better; "The editor improved the manuscript with his changes"
(synonym) better, improve, ameliorate, meliorate
(hypernym) change, alter, modify
(hyponym) relieve, alleviate, palliate, assuage
(cause) better, improve, ameliorate, meliorate
(verb-group) better, improve, ameliorate, meliorate
3. set straight or right; "remedy these deficiencies"; "rectify the inequities in salaries"; "repair an oversight"
(synonym) rectify, remediate, remedy, repair
(hypernym) correct, rectify, right
|Babylon English-Czech||Download this dictionary|
v. opravit; pozměnit; vylepšit
|Babylon English-Polish||Download this dictionary|
Czas. wnosić poprawki
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Designing Africa: Exploring Provenance and Materiality Image
Designing Africa: Exploring Provenance and Materiality
A group show exploring provenance and materiality in contemporary African design
Designing Africa: Exploring Provenance and Materiality interrogates two particular areas of design - visual communication and material exploration.
In the past, African Design had struggled to define itself as modern with the overarching Western view situating it as 'proto-design' showcasing traditional craft, commercial or primitive wares, but never showing protean, prototypical or pioneering characteristics in its nature. Over the past half century following liberation and independence movements, African creatives like Demas Woko, Oumou Sy, Ousmane Sembene amongst many others have sought to shape and redefine their respective fields of architecture and design, fashion and film through the critical and engaging works they produced. This transition from the defined to the definer is still in progress as a contemporary phenomenon in African art and design. As George Braque famously said "Art is meant to disturb, science reassures", this exhibition builds upon contemporary African design's ongoing quest for disturbing established notions of identity by asserting the defining and navigating capacities of African design.
Designing Africa showcases the work of visual artists Momodou Ceesay, Clari Green, Pwavidon Mathias and Brian Omolo with origin as the underpinning theme. How do we define where we come from? By communicating their origins, present, future and imagined states they redefine the identity of Africa through printmaking, graphic design and illustration.
In the scope of materiality, Ada Umeofia pushes the perception of form by extruding materials and the spaces surrounding them in thoughtful yet playful approaches to process, fabrication and space. Designing Africa explores the continuous redefinition of post-colonial Africa by African artists and designers and how this translates across society and our sense of identity.
Participating artists and designers:
Momodou Ceesay, Printmaker & Painter (The Gambia)
Clari Green, Graphic Designer (Nigeria)
Pwavidon Mathias, Mixed media artist (Nigeria)
Brian Omolo, Graphic artist (Kenya)
Ada Umeofia, Architect & Designer (Nigeria)
Exhibition Dates:
AAF Gallery
54 Rayomond Njoku Street, Ikoyi, Lagos
Tel: +234 _PHONE_
10:00 - 16:00


text:
28, 1959
"Interstate 235 South to Exit 159: October 8, 1962
"Exit 159 to Iowa 146: November 16, 1962
"Iowa 146 to Old U.S. 218: October 23, 1964
"Old U.S. 218 to Iowa 1: November 15, 1963
"Iowa 1 to Iowa 38 North: August 24, 1962
"Iowa 38 North to U.S. 61: December 1, 1960
"U.S. 61 to U.S. 67: November 25, 1964
"U.S. 67 to Illinois State Line, including the Mississippi River Bridge: October 27, 1966
Much of Interstate 80 across northern Illinois was constructed in the early 1960s, with the route through south suburban Chicagoland opened to traffic by 1964. The section that Interstate 80 shares with Interstate 294/Tri-State Tollway was constructed between _PHONE_, with the tollway opening in 1958. The original construction of the 83-mile section of the Tri-State Tollway (and the other original tollways) was funded by a bond issuance in the amount of $415 million by the state tollway commission (which was created in 1953).11 The Kingery Expressway section of Interstate 80-94/U.S. 6 is the oldest section of Interstate 80, having opened in 1950.
In Ohio, most of Interstate 80 was constructed as part of the Ohio Turnpike, the origins of which predate the establishment of the Interstate Highway System in 1956. The Ohio state legislature created the Ohio Turnpike Commission in 1949, which was the first step in designing and constructing the east-west freeway. Construction began on October 27, 1952, and the freeway was completed on October 1, 1955 (a total of 38 months).
The Keystone Shortway, which carries Interstate 80 across Pennsylvania, was completed and fully opened to traffic on September 17, 1963. The last segment to be opened to traffic was the section from Stroudsburg to Scotrun.
Indiana East-West Toll Road
Length: 156.28 mi (251.51 km)
Formed: August 1956
The Indiana Toll Road, officially the Indiana East-West Toll Road and entirely part of Interstate 90, is a tolled highway running east-west across the northernmost part of Indiana. It is a part of the New York-Chicago Toll Road system, and has been advertised as the "Main Street of the Midwest".
To the west, it leads directly to Chicago, Illinois via the Chicago Skyway; to the east it leads toward Toledo, Ohio via the Ohio Turnpike.
It is owned by the Indiana Finance Authority and operated by the Indiana Toll Road Concession Company, a joint-venture between Spanish Cintra Concesiones de Infraestructuras de Transporte and Australian Macquarie Infrastructure Group.
The entire Indiana Toll Road is part of the U.S. Interstate Highway System. It provides a direct connection to the Chicago Skyway to the west, and the Ohio Turnpike to the east.
The toll road is signed with the following route numbers:
Between the Westpoint barrier toll, near the Illinois state line, and the Portage barrier at mile post 24, tolls are collected by fixed-amount tolls at exit and entrance ramps.
Between the Portage barrier, east to the Eastpoint barrier toll, near the Ohio state line, it is operated as a closed ticket system toll road, where one receives a ticket upon entering and pays a pre-calculated amount based on distance traveled when exiting. Standard passenger cars are charged a toll of $4.15 for i-Zoom users and $6.75 cash along the section from Portage to Eastpoint, with an extra $0.50 for i-Zoom users and $1.25 cash at the Westpoint barrier.
Originally the entire toll road was on a closed ticket system, with Westpoint at current Exit 5, roughly under the East 141st Street overpass. This changed after the INDOT takeover in 1981.
Effective June 25, 2007, the Indiana Toll Road began electronic toll collection with the i-Zoom system. i-Zoom is fully compatible with the E-ZPass and I-Pass electronic toll collection systems. Indiana becomes the 12th state to use the E-ZPass system.
Similar to the Chicago Skyway transaction in 2004, on June 29 2006 Indiana received $3.8 billion from a consortium made up of the Spanish construction firm Cintra and the Macquarie Infrastructure Group (MIG) of Australia in exchange for the right to maintain, operate and collect tolls for the following 75 years. The two companies formed the Indiana Toll Road Concession Company to operate the road.
Exit points are based on the mile-post system, with exits starting at 0 at the Illinois state line, and increasing to exit 153 at the Eastpoint toll barrier near the Ohio state line (technically, not an exit, as the only access from there is to the Ohio Turnpike, but toll tickets issued at the barrier are marked "Entry 153"). The Toll Road opened in 1956 with sequential exit numbering, which was converted to the current mileage-based scheme in 1981. The original number sequence was amended slightly in 1964 with the opening of the then-Burns Harbor, now Lake Station exit.
The farthest it gets from the Michigan state line or Lake Michigan is about 10 miles (15 km). Although it never enters Michigan, the toll road lies within ten miles (16.1 km) of the Michigan state line between La Porte, Indiana and the Ohio state line. Looking north at exit 121, the State Road 9-Howe/LaGrange, the "Welcome to Michigan" sign is visible in the distance. At one point in northern Indiana, in Greenfield Township in LaGrange County at approximately Mile 129.4, the Toll Road comes within about 200 yards (182.9 m), or 1/10 mile, of the Michigan border.
Control cities on guide signs are Chicago and Toledo. Originally they were "Chicago and West" and "Ohio and East".
In December 2006, ITR Concession Company announced that a South Bend student, Andrea Herbster, will receive $5,000 toward her educational expenses for being selected as the grand prizewinner of the Indiana Toll Road logo design contest. The new ITRCC logo roll out occurred in the spring of 2007.
The Indiana Toll Road was publicly financed and constructed during the 1950s. It opened in stages, east to west, between August and November, 1956. The formal dedication ceremony was held on September 17, 1956.
The final course of the Toll Road was the northern of four planned alignments.
In addition to the "east-west" toll road, a "north-south" toll road was planned, roughly along the path of today's Interstate 65, but the plan was dropped after the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 was passed.
Originally the Interstate 94 designation was applied to the highway west of where the current interchange with I-94 was eventually built, with I-90 following I-80 to the west along the Borman Expressway as I-94 does now, the completed portions of the Borman being designated as I-80, 90, and 294. The current arrangement was applied around 1965, to avoid confusion, resulting in a stretch of I-94 actually being farther south than I-90, and I-90 running the entire length of the Indiana Toll Road. I-294 was cut back to the Tri-State Tollway at that time.
Several interchanges on the Toll Road were constructed between 1980 and 1985 as part of a bond sale in October, 1980.
History Outside Indiana
The longest interstate in the country is Interstate 90. It begins in Seattle, Washington, and goes all the way to Boston, Massachusetts. At a length of over 3,000 miles, the highway goes through Washington, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, and Massachusetts.
Like all other toll highways built in the 1950s, the Indiana Toll Road has had service areas (called travel plazas) since its opening. Originally, there were eight pairs of travel plazas located approximately every 18 miles (29 km). Of these, five featured sit-down restaurants operated by the Host Restaurant chain while the other three had only snack bars. Each travel plaza was named after a prominent Indiana native or resident. Gasoline and other auto services were available at all travel plazas. Originally, various oil companies including Standard Oil, Sinclair, Pure, Gulf, Texaco and Citgo operated each of the travel plazas. Later, Standard Oil, later Amoco and now BP Amoco, assumed operations at all travel plazas. Currently BP Amoco operates the three western travel plazas while Mobil operates the two easternmost pairs. The westernmost snack bar at milepost 37.5 remained open until the mid-70s and is now used as a "Truck Only Parking" rest area with no facilities. The other two at mileposts 72.9 and 108 were closed in 1972, although the one at 108 was also converted into a truck parking area without facilities. All were demolished except for one, the former Benjamin Harrison snack bar on the eastbound side at milepost 72.9. It serves as a state police station and has no public facilities. The restaurant interiors were remodeled into short-order cafeterias in the late 70s when the Gladieux chain took over operations and have since been remodeled once again for fast food service. However, the original buildings remain relatively unchanged from the outside.
The Indiana Toll Road Commission operated the toll road from its inception until 1981.
The Indiana Department of Transportation operated the toll road between 1981 and 2006. On April 1, 1983, the state of Indiana established the Indiana Toll Finance Authority[, renamed the Indiana Transportation Finance Authority in April, 1988.
The Cintra-Macquarie joint-venture assumed operation of the Toll Road from INDOT on June