text:
Reliability based evaluation of wind power systems
Prof. Dr. Serkan Eryilmaz
Department of Industrial Engineering
Date: December 7, Friday, 13:40
Place: EA 409
Wind enery is one of the rapidly growing renewable energies in the world. A typical wind power system consists of wind turbines which convert the kinetic energy in the wind into electrical energy, and they are the main components of the wind energy system. The power generated by a wind turbine is dependent on wind speed which is a random variable. Therefore, the power produced by a wind turbine is also a random variable. There are two sources of randomness for a single wind turbine. The one which is external is concerned with the wind speed, and the other one is related to internal structure, i.e. mechanical state (down or up) of the turbine. Obviously, the latter one is related to reliability of the turbine. Manifestly, both sources have impact on the performance of the turbine, i.e. the power produced by the turbine. In this talk, the reliability based analysis of the capacity of the wind power system will be presented. The usefulness of the results will be demonstrated for some wind speed probability distributions and wind turbine models to evaluate the aggregate power that will be produced by the plant.
Joint work with Dr. Yılser Devrim (Atılım University, Department of Energy Systems Engineering)
Bio: Dr. Serkan Eryılmaz is currently vice president for research at Atilim University. He is the present co-chair of the System Reliability Technical Committee of the European Safety and Reliability Association. He served as Associate Editor for the IEEE Transactions on Reliability, and is currently serving as an Area Editor of the IISE Transactions-Quality & Reliability Engineering. Professor Eryılmaz's research interests include reliability, applied probability and stochastic modeling. He is the author of more than 150 publications. He was honored by TUBITAK Science Incentive Award thanks to his highly qualified studies on system reliability in the field of stochastic models/processes in operations research.


\documentclass[12pt]{article} \usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,amsfonts} \begin{document} We give hierarchy of one-parameter family $\phi(\alpha,x)$ of maps at the interval $[0,1]$ with an invariant measure. Using the measure, we calculate Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, or equivalently Lyapunov characteristic exponent of these maps analytically, where the results thus obtained have been approved with the numerical simulation. In contrary to the usual one-parameter family of maps such as logistic and tent maps, these maps do not possess period doubling or period-n-tupling cascade bifurcation to chaos, but they have single fixed point attractor for certain values of the parameter, where they bifurcate directly to chaos without having period-n-tupling scenario exactly at those values of the parameter whose Lyapunov characteristic exponent begins to be positive. \end{document}


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Is there a function in Emacs to check whether a given existing file lies somewhere "under" a (root) directory, that is anywhere inside the tree structure of the root directory.
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Check find-name-dired or find-dired.
They use the using the find utility.
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text:
Structural correlations in bacterial metabolic networks
Citation and License
BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011, 11:20 doi:10.1186/_PHONE_-20Published: 20 January 2011
Evolution of metabolism occurs through the acquisition and loss of genes whose products acts as enzymes in metabolic reactions, and from a presumably simple primordial metabolism the organisms living today have evolved complex and highly variable metabolisms. We have studied this phenomenon by comparing the metabolic networks of 134 bacterial species with known phylogenetic relationships, and by studying a neutral model of metabolic network evolution.
We consider the 'union-network' of 134 bacterial metabolisms, and also the union of two smaller subsets of closely related species. Each reaction-node is tagged with the number of organisms it belongs to, which we denote organism degree (OD), a key concept in our study. Network analysis shows that common reactions are found at the centre of the network and that the average OD decreases as we move to the periphery. Nodes of the same OD are also more likely to be connected to each other compared to a random OD relabelling based on their occurrence in the real data. This trend persists up to a distance of around five reactions. A simple growth model of metabolic networks is used to investigate the biochemical constraints put on metabolic-network evolution. Despite this seemingly drastic simplification, a 'union-network' of a collection of unrelated model networks, free of any selective pressure, still exhibit similar structural features as their bacterial counterpart.
The OD distribution quantifies topological properties of the evolutionary history of bacterial metabolic networks, and lends additional support to the importance of horizontal gene transfer during bacterial metabolic evolution where new reactions are attached at the periphery of the network. The neutral model of metabolic network growth can reproduce the main features of real networks, but we observe that the real networks contain a smaller common core, while they are more similar at the periphery of the network. This suggests that natural selection and biochemical correlations can act both to diversify and to narrow down metabolic evolution.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Fish is such a wonderful ingredient that is often under-utilised in the household kitchen, and understandably. All sorts of questions often go through the mind such as 'Which fish should I choose? How do I know if it's fresh? Do I cook this fish on low heat or high heat? How do I know when it's ready?
Hopefully this article will help to answer some of those questions, as well as outline the numerous health benefits of fish. The Chef has also included a quick and easy recipe that you can use either for a quick healthy dinner, or to wow your friends and family for lunch or dinner.
- The best place to purchase your fish from is the local fish shop. It is usually fresh and straight off the boat. They also know their product well and can offer you advice.
- Regardless of where you purchase fish from, always ask the person serving you if you can smell the fish before purchasing. Have a smell, and if it smells 'fishy' choose another one. If it has no smell, or only a very faint smell of the sea, then it's perfect.
- Fish should not be slimy
- The eyes of the fish should be nice and clear, not cloudy.
- Use fish straight away after purchasing, or freeze to be able to use later.
- When you order fish in restaurants, take note of how they cook it, what it looks like, what flavour combinations they use and ask the waiter what 'type' of fish they have served. This will all increase your fishy knowledge.
- Cook fish that is not marinated on high heat for a short time. Cook marinated fish on low heat for a longer time.
- You will know when fish is ready as it turns from being clear to opaque (cloudy colour).
- Salmon, coral trout and tuna can be slightly raw in the middle if you wish.
- Fish is high in protein. Protein is a macronutrient known to keep us full or 'satiated'. It also is necessary for growth and repair of every single one of the cells in our body. You might be familiar with protein being able to build big muscles in the gym, but just as importantly it is responsible for growing new hair, new skin, finger nails, organ cells, immune cells and blood cells.
- Fish is low in fat when compared to meat. It therefore makes it a great ingredient to keep that waistline under control.
- Fish is low in saturated fat.
- Oily fish such as salmon, trout, sardines, tuna, herring, anchovies and mackerel are high in Omega 3 oils, vitamin A and also Vitamin D.
- Omega 3 oils are known to decrease the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, help to improve inflammatory conditions such as arthritis, and reduce the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. It is also beneficial for hair, skin and nails.
- The people who inhabit the Japanese island of Okinawa have the highest life expectancy in the world, and the highest number of centenarians (people who live to 100 years or above). It is believed this is largely due to the high amount of oily fish they consume in their diet.
- The Australian Heart Foundation recommends 2-3 serves (150 grams per serve) of oily fish per week.
Recipe – Salmon Skewers
- 150 grams Salmon (or tuna) per person
- Bamboo skewers – available from all supermarkets
- Cut the fish into 2cm x 2cm x 2cm cubes.
- Soak bamboo skewers in water for 10 minutes to prevent them from burning.
- Thread fish onto a bamboo skewer.
- Rub fish with olive oil.
- Season with salt and pepper.
- Using high heat on either a BBQ or a saucepan, cook for 2 mins each side. Flesh should turn pink.
- For rare fish, cook for 1 minute each side.
- Serve with a wedge of lime
- Greek salad
- Asian noodle salad
- Rice and asian greens
- Japanese mayonnaise, kimchi and rice.
- Wasabi, rice and greens.
- Marinade the fish for 1 hour in equal quantities of soy and honey for asian flavours. Cooking time and heat will be less, as mentioned above.
- Thread vegetables onto the skewers such as capsicum, onion, zucchini. Alternate between fish and vegetable when threading onto skewer.
- Serve with our Summer Salad with Pickled Ginger
Stay happy and healthy….The Nutrition Guru and The Chef.


text:
Fix Base System Device Drivers Not Found Error in Windows 10, 8, 7
In other devices list, you will see different device errors such as unknown device, PCI serial port, video controller, coprocessor, base system devices, etc. This article is fixing the base system device missing error.
What is Base System Device?
When you are installing the system for your ASUS, HP, Sony Vaio laptop or adding a new device to your computer, if the Windows cannot automatically install the driver for this device, maybe in the device manager you will see there is a new base system device driver not installed.
Install Base System Device with Device Manager
1. Open device manager.
2. Find the Base system device in other devices tree, and click Uninstall to uninstall the driver.
3. If there are several same items, uninstall one by one.
4. Click scan for hardware changes in the toolbar, windows will automatically update drivers.
5. If the error persists, right-click it and choose Update Driver Software to install the driver.
Sometimes, windows will not be able to find every device driver. So go ahead to try other ways.
Use Hardware IDs to Update Base System Device Driver
1. Right-click Base system device and choose Properties on the options.
2. Locate Details tab, choose hardware ids from property drop-down list.
3. The vendor id and device id will be shown.
The 1180 means vendor id, and the E230 means device id.
After you know the hardware id for base system device, there are two ways you can do to download drivers for it.
Copy the value such as
And search it from Google to find the driver.
but here we teach you to find it from the pcidatabase website.
4. Open pcidatabase.com.
Enter the vendor id 1180 to the vendor search box and click search button.
You will see the vendor name.
Enter the device id to the device search, you will see the chip description.
From here we can know the chip is Ricoh PCIE Memory Stick XOCT-KOHTPOL. So you can go to the Ricoh download center to download the driver and then install by yourself to solve the base system device missing error.
Automatically Update Base System Device Drivers
If find these drivers one by one are boring and cost a lot of time, you can use Driver Doctor to help you. Driver Doctor will scan your computer to detect all the devices drivers and help to download & update it automatically.
1. After you download and install it on your computer, run it by double click the desktop shortcut.
2. Click the Scan Now button to scan all missing base system devices drivers and you will see the results.
3. Click Download All button to download all drivers.
4. Click Install button to install the drivers. These drivers will automatically be installed.
After these chipset drivers and card reader drivers are installed, you can check the device manager.
Wish this article can help you to solve the base system device missing error.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Silk Road Initiative takes new route on TV map
Updated: 2015-04-14 17:12
Graphic by chinadaily.com.cn. [Source: cctv.cn]
The South Pacific appears on the latest route map of the Silk Road Initiative released by China's national television company.
The blueprint shows the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road running through the South China Sea to the South Pacific on China Central Television.
The route is consistent with the official document of the Silk Road Initiative, but was highlighted on the map for the first time, according to Guancha.cn.
China unveiled the principles, framework and cooperation priorities and mechanisms of its Belt and Road Initiative late last month.
It aims to promote the free flow of economic factors, efficient allocation of resources and integration of markets by enhancing connectivity between the areas.
The Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road were first proposed by Chinese President Xi Jinping in 2013 to connect Asian, European and African countries and promote mutual cooperation.
The Belt begins in XI'an in Northwest China before stretching west to Venice, where it meets the Road, which begins in Fuzhou in Fujian province, East China.
China proposed establishing the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank to help finance regional infrastructure construction.
More than 60 countries and international organizations encompassing 4.4 billion people have shown an interest in taking part.


text: Tilt rotor aircrafts combine the advantages of the long mileage of fixed-wing airplanes and the vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) capabilities of rotorcrafts by using tiltable rotors. However, tilt rotor aircrafts suffer from poor autorotation performance and landing stabilitiy. This work proposes an alternative actuation configuration of a tricopter tilt rotor aircraft that aims to optimize the flight duration, VTOL capabilities and stability control. The proposed configuration employs two front tilt rotors that are able to provide thrust-vectoring control with the addition of a fixed tail rotor that produces upward thrust. Dynamic modeling of the proposed actuation configuration is developed to provide insights on how different motions (hovering, ascending, descending, rotating and airplane-like flying) are achieved by manipulating the amounts of thrusts and rotor tilt angles. Preliminary prototype as well as the electronic and control systems are developed and discussed. Proposed configuration has the potential to achieve more sustainable flying.


text:
Near Strafford in Orange County, Vermont — The American Northeast (New England)
Old City and Old City Falls
Strafford was granted its charter on August 12, 1761. Land near here was chosen for the town's first settlement by its earliest pioneers, Ezekiel Parish and Frederick Smith. Both men with their families established homesteads in this vicinity by 1767. Four more pioneering families, bearing the names Brisco, Pennock, Thomas and West, settled in Strafford the following year. On this stream, above the nearby waterfall of 45 feet, were the first sawmill and gristmill, both erected by 1769, as well as Strafford's first school and store. During the Revolutionary war, in 1779, a fort was built for the protection of the citizens of Strafford. Nearby is Old City Cemetery, where many of Strafford's earliest settlers were buried.
Erected 2017 by Vermont Division for Historic Preservation.
Topics. This historical marker is listed in these topic lists: Industry & Commerce • Settlements & Settlers • War, US Revolutionary • Waterways & Vessels. A significant historical date for this entry is August 12, 1761.
Location. 43° 52.936′ N, 72° 22.203′ W. Marker is Touch for map. Marker is in this post office area: Strafford VT 05072, United States of America. Touch for directions.
Other nearby markers. At least 8 other markers are within 7 miles of this marker, measured as the crow flies. Strafford (approx. 1.2 miles away); Strafford Village (approx. 1.2 miles away); Justin Smith Morrill / Morrill Homestead (approx. 1.3 miles away); Furnace Flat (approx. 3.8 miles away); Elizabeth Mine (approx. 4.4 miles away); Tunbridge Civil War Memorial (approx. 6.2 miles away); Tunbridge World's Fair (approx. 6.2 miles away); Site of 1780 Raid (approx. 7.1 miles away). Touch for a list and map of all markers in Strafford.
Credits. This page was last revised on August 29, 2017. It was originally submitted on August 29, 2017, by Kevin Craft of Bedford, Quebec. This page has been viewed 269 times since then and 41 times this year. Photos: 1, 2, 3. submitted on August 29, 2017, by Kevin Craft of Bedford, Quebec.


text:
Mobile Device Management (MDM) and Q-NEX are both used for device remote control and management. MDM is something like here primarily utilized for the remote control of interactive display panels, focusing on screen and power control. On the other hand, Q-NEX is designed not only for interactive flat panel control but also for managing other AV equipment in classrooms. Many people are curious about the differences between MDM and Q-NEX. Are they the same thing? Can they be used interchangeably? This article aims to explore the disparities between them by comparing their functions and applications.
1.MDM versus Q-NEX in Their Makeup
MDM and Q-NEX differ in terms of their makeup, attributes, and integration capabilities. To gain a better understanding of their fundamental differences, let's delve into what they are and how they differ.
MDM is a software-based remote control and management system. It is developed and preinstalled as software in interactive display panels to achieve remote device control and management. IT administrators log in to the MDM web interface and execute specific commands to control the interactive display panels. MDM allows for one-to-many device control, enabling IT administrators to control multiple displays simultaneously. However, the application of MDM is limited to interactive displays only, so it cannot be used to control other devices in the classroom or meeting room. Now, let's move on to Q-NEX.
Q-NEX solutions feature a hardware-based remote control and management system, relying on two devices: the Q-NEX Networked Media Processor (NMP) and Media Box (MBX). The NMP incorporates various built-in modules such as power relays, wireless microphone systems, LAN switches, Networked AV Decoders, digital amplifiers, AV matrix switches, and serial control modules. Importantly, the NMP comes with universal AV ports that are compatible with a variety of AV equipment. By connecting all the AV equipment, remote control and management of all the devices in the classroom can be achieved, regardless of the device type or brand.
2.2 MDM versus Q-NEX in Their Pros and Cons
Now that we have a basic understanding of MDM and Q-NEX, including their makeup and attributes, let's take a closer look at their advantages and disadvantages in terms of deployment and applications.
Compatibility plays a crucial role in the effectiveness of a hardware or software solution. If a device cannot easily integrate and be compatible with other devices, controlling them together becomes challenging.
2.1.1 MDM Compatibility
MDM has compromised compatibility. Before installing the MDM software on an interactive display, it needs to be made compatible with the display's motherboard. Compatibility achieved for a specific model of interactive display from one brand may not extend to other models produced by the same manufacturer, let alone displays from different brands. In short, the limited compatibility of MDM makes it inconvenient and troublesome for wider application scenarios.
2.1.2 Q-NEX Compatibility
In comparison, Q-NEX offers easy and flexible hardware-based compatibility. As mentioned earlier, Q-NEX's NMP is an all-in-one device with universal AV ports, making it universally compatible with various models and brands of interactive flat panels. Additionally, Q-NEX can easily integrate with any display featuring an HDMI interface for control and management, which is challenging to achieve solely from a software perspective. In summary, Q-NEX's high compatibility allows for easy integration with a wide range of displays for remote control and management.
Controllability refers to the ability to perform multifaceted functional controls across different types of devices. MDM and Q-NEX differ in terms of the range and types of controls they offer.
2.2.1 MDM Controllability
MDM provides convenient but limited control capabilities. By installing MDM software on a display, users can perform customized functional remote control actions such as timed power on/off, screen lock/unlock, and screen wake-up. However, controlling other audiovisual equipment deployed with the interactive flat panel display is not possible without switching to a different control system. From this perspective, MDM-based control is limited and lacks unified control. However, if classrooms are only equipped with the same model of interactive flat panel displays and nothing else, MDM can be considered a suitable option.
2.2.2 Q-NEX Controllability
In contrast to MDM, Q-NEX offers controllability across different types of devices. Q-NEX's NMP consolidates all types of audiovisual equipment into a unified control and management system, enabling touch panel control and remote control over networks. With Q-NEX, you can control various devices such as interactive displays, speakers, microphones, electrical window curtains, projectors, projection screens, air conditioners, TVs, lamps, and electrical locks, among others. This allows school administrators to achieve efficient and unified control of AV equipment throughout the campus.
3. AV Distribution
AV broadcasting is an essential application in smart campuses, utilized for important announcements and emergency notifications. The readability, convenience, and promptness of AV broadcasting become crucial factors when comparing MDM and Q-NEX.
3.1 AV Distribution by MDM
MDM offers less reliable and slower AV broadcasting. In MDM's AV broadcasting, all files are uploaded and downloaded from a cloud platform, making the download and upload speed susceptible to internet connection quality. Conducting live AV broadcasting with MDM can be challenging. Additionally, storage considerations must be taken into account for AV files.
3.2 AV Distribution by Q-NEX
Q-NEX, on the other hand, provides fast and reliable AV broadcasting. With Q-NEX, AV files are uploaded and downloaded on a local media server, and control signals are sent out from the Q-NEX platform to enable AV files be lived streamed to targeted AV equipment in the classroom. As the files are stored locally, concerns about internet connection quality are alleviated. Furthermore, Q-NEX supports both web-based and app-based control, allowing IT administrators to conduct urgent AV broadcasting using their smartphones from anywhere, at any time.
MDM enables schools to control devices remotely, but its application is restricted to interactive flat panels it is compatible with. It cannot be used to conveniently control other AV equipment in the classroom, resulting in a lack of unified control. On the other hand, Q-NEX, with its all-in-one features and universal AV ports, allows for easy integration with various multimedia devices, enabling unified remote control and management.
Here are some other articles that we think might interest you:


text:
We know that Scientists
We are doing an experiment with
Dish washing liquid
Before we start our experiment we are going to predict what happens
I think it will make sticky stuff and lots of bugs will stick to it - Bryn
I think it will bubble up and it will have lots and lots of colours mixed up together - Tiaan
I think it will bubble up into a colourful chemical reaction - Riley B
I think it will bubble up and get all over us - Ashley
I think it will turn into potions - Grace
I think it will explode like a volcano - Emma
Now it's time to test it out
we put milk into our plate
then we put drops of colour into the milk
Finally we add little bits of dish washing liquid on a tooth pick
when we were putting the dishwashing liquid into the bowl where the food colouring was it kind of like exploded. - Tiaan
when we put the food colouring in it was really hard because we couldn't move the plate at all- Nethasa
when we put our squirter in it changed all around the plate - Ashley
Here are some photos
Why does it happen?
Milk is mostly water, and water has a property called surface tension, this is because all the water molecules are strongly attracted to other water molecules, but not to air, so they try to get away from the surface of the drop, making the surface as small as possible, this is why raindrops are approximately spherical - the shape with the least surface for its volume.
This means that the surface of water, or milk, is always trying to shrink.
The surface of the milk is always trying to shrink, due to surface tension.
The food colouring is less dense than the milk so it floats on the surface.
Something else you may have noticed is that the food colouring seems to float on the surface of the milk, this is because the milk has lots of substances dissolved in it such as Calcium making it more dense than the food colouring which is almost entirely water.
Washing up liquid is designed to break up the surface tension so water can dissolve fats and grease. This means that where you add the washing up liquid the surface tension is much weaker than everywhere else, so this surface gets hugely stretched by the milk which hasn't met the washing up liquid yet.
The washing up liquid breaks the surface tension where it lands, allowing this surface to stretch hugely, causing the rest of the surface to shrink hugely.
This shrinkage pushes the food colouring downwards, and it floats up again forming beautiful patterns.
Because the rest of the surface is shrinking it must be getting thicker, this pushes the food colouring downwards, and there is a current below the surface flowing back towards the washing up liquid pulling the food colouring along. It then floats back up to the surface producing beautiful patterns.
Why does washing up liquid reduce surface tension?
A washing up liquid molecule is made up of a water loving head and a water hating tail, so when you add it to water the molecules arrange themselves over the surface - head inwards. The water is strongly attracted to the heads of these molecules, so is now stops trying to reduce its surface area, and the surface tension is far weaker.


text:
Yes - of course it does. Without "random" in front choice is an attribute with no object. I didn't actually do it, but thats what would happen - "choice is not defined blahblah" Is that the same as saying its not a "global namespace"?
I'd have to consult a reference book to be 100% sure. I'm not certain how a pure object oriented language treats namespaces compared to a procedural language (ie, C++ is both procedural and OOP - I need to do a review
For example, In C++ you explicitly state your namespaces - in 99% of cases students do this by adding a line 'using namespace std;' (std = standard) near the top of their file, which is frowned upon with most real projects. By doing this they don't have to put the namespace std in front of functions defined in std.
cout << "hello" << endl; //prints hello
std::cout << "hello" << std::endl; //prints hello
Now say you have a special cout function that prints ascii numbers instead of the letters to the console. You can define a namespace in your file called Manta and do this....
Manta::cout << "hello" << std::endl; //prints 90 88 96 96 99 (just guessing the ascii values)
In practice, namespaces are used in procedural languages to avoid name clashes. When a project gets large enough, you start running out of good descriptive variable names, so it is better to create seperate namespaces and reuse these descriptive names instead of resorting to complicated naming gyrations.
"It looks to me like random might be a static class with static methods, hence, no need to instantiate anything. "
Yes - a very good way to say it. How come the texts don't say that?
Got me - maybe I should write a book.
This is just what I think is happening... I'd have to consult python.org to be sure.
Do Java and C++ have Modules? Please describe or give a definition to me for that.
No. Java has the following....
packages - groups of related classes form a package.
example: javax.swing is the package for the swing classes
example: java.lang contains the core classes of the Java language
classes - you know what these are....
Math is a class containing fields and methods related to math
JButton is a class for instantiating a button in swing
And you can create your own packages.... there are a few rules for doing this.
In C++, which supports both procedural and OOP, the main library is called the STL - standard template library, which uses the namespace std like I showed you above. Instead of using a package, C++ has a keyword called friend - imo, friends are the most unfriendly thing I've seen in any language and I much prefer Java's use of packages.
My language class didn't cover Python - C++, Java, Ada, LISP, Fortran, Prolog, Cobol and some others - here is what one of the tutorials says...
You can use a module to organize a number of Python definitions in a single file. A package is a way to organize a number of modules together as a unit. Python packages can also contain other packages.
So Python has both modules and packages where it looks like a module is a related to group of classes and functions, and a package is a related group of modules and other packages. Here is a link that I think will explain it in detail.... I plan on reading it later tonight.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Products from Amazon.com
Price: $78.31Was: $119.00
Botanical Name : Pilocarpus jaborandi
Synonym: Pilocarpus cearensis, P. officinalis
Common Name :Jaborandi, indian hemp, jaborandi-do-norte, catai-guacu, ibiratai, pimenta-de-cachorro, arruda do mato, arruda brava, jamguarandi, juarandi
Habitat: Pilocarpus jaborandi is native to the neotropics of South America. Various species are important pharmacologically. Many of the species have the common name Jaborandi.(There are about 13 species of plants belonging to the family Rutaceae)
Selected species are:
*Pilocarpus jaborandi (Pernambuco Jaborandi)
*Pilocarpus microphyllus (Maranham Jaborandi)
*Pilocarpus racemosus (Guadeloupe Jaborandi)
*Pilocarpus pennatifolius (Paraguay Jaborandi)
*Pilocarpus spicatus (Aracati Jaborandi)
Jaborandi refers to a three to seven meter high shrubby tree with smooth grey bark, large leathery leaves and thick, small, reddish-purple flowers. The leaves contain an essential oil which gives off an aromatic balsam smell when they are crushed. Jaborandi is native to South and Central America and to the West Indies. Several Pilocarpus species are called jaborandi and used interchangeably in commerce and herbal medicine, including the main Brazilian species of commerce: P. jaborandi, and P. microphyllus, and the Paraguay species P. pennatifolius. All three tree species are very similar in appearance, chemical constituents and traditional herbal medicine uses. The word jaborandi comes from the Tupi Indians and it means "what causes slobbering" describing its ancient use in their rainforest herbal pharmacopeia.
Constituents: Pilocarpine, jaborine, volatile oil, tannic acid, volatile acid, potassium chloride.
Jaborandi is a perfect example of a plant which made the transition from Amazonian indigenous tribal use, to folklore use, and then into modern medicine based upon natural chemicals found in the plant. In 1875, two researchers independently discovered an alkaloid in jaborandi leaves which was named pilocarpine. Tests revealed that pilocarpine was responsible for much of the biological activity of the plant-especially it's ability to induce sweating and salivation, as well as to lower intraocular pressure in the eyes (making it an effective treatment in certain types of glaucoma). In 1876, the isolated pilocarpine alkaloid was introduced into conventional ophthalmology for the treatment of glaucoma. The mixture of pilocarpine and another natural product, physostigmine, remains to this day one of the mainstay drugs in ophthalmology. Interestingly, scientists have never been able to fully synthesize the pilocarpine alkaloid in the laboratory; the majority of all pilocarpine drugs sold today are derived from the natural alkaloid extracted from jaborandi leaves produced in Brazil.
Pilocarpine eye drops are still sold as a prescription drug worldwide for the treatment of glaucoma and as an agent to cause constriction of the pupil of the eye (useful in some eye surgeries and procedures). In the treatment of glaucoma, pilocarpine causes the iris of the eye to contract, which leads to the opening of the space between the iris and the cornea and, in effect, relieves narrow-angle glaucoma. It is even being used as a tool for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease in early stages; the eye constriction response to pilocarpine was found to be greater in Alzheimer's patients than in controls. Tablets of pilocarpine are also manufactured and prescribed to cancer patients to treat dryness of the mouth and throat caused by radiation therapy as well as to patients with Sjogren's syndrome (an autoimmune disease in which immune cells attack the moisture-producing glands causing dry mouth and eyes). So as history shows; the Indian's "slobber-mouth" plant made it out of the jungles of the Amazon and into mainstream medicine and pharmaceutical use (for the identical uses the Indians employed it for). As usual, however, the Indians never realized any profits from the resulting manufacture and sales of several drugs over the last 50 years that made use of their plant knowledge.
In addition to pilocarpine, jaborandi leaves contain terpenes, tannic acids and other alkaloids. The natural leaf contains an average of 0.5% pilocarpine, plus similar amounts of other alkaloids such as isopilocarpine, jaborine, jaboridine and pilocarpidine. The alkaloids in jaborandi (including pilocarpine) are a rather rare and unique type of alkaloid that are derived from histidine (an amino acid) and classified as imidazole alkaloids. The main chemicals found in jaborandi include: 2-undecanone, alpha-pinene, isopilocarpidine, isopilocarpine, isopilosine, jaborine, jaborandine, jaboric, limonene, myrcene, pilocarbic acid, pilocarpidine, pilocarpine, pilosine, sandaracopimaradiene, and vinyl-dodecanoate.
There are well over a thousand clinical studies published on pilocarpine. As with most plant-based drugs, however, the use of the whole natural plant fell out of use as a natural remedy (and failed to attract further research efforts) in favor of the single isolated active ingredient that was turned into a prescription drug. The PDR for Herbal Medicines indicates that the effects of jaborandi leaves are as follows: increases the secretion of saliva, sweat, gastric juices and tears, and stimulates the smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract, bronchi, bile duct and bladder. Herbalists and natural health practitioners attribute the same biological activities for the plant as the main activities clinically validated for pilocarpine, but there is no actual clinical research on leaf extracts to support them or qualify them. Another problem is trying to determine effective dosages of leaf extracts (in the absence of clinical research). The pilocarpine content of the leaf can vary – between different "jaborandi" tree species, as well as when different harvesting methods, growth habitats, and even storage, handling and drying methods of the harvested leaves are used. The pilocarpine chemical is fragile; dried jaborandi leaves have shown to lose as much as 50% of their pilocarpine content in as little as a year of storage. Another alkaloid in the leaf, jaborine, has shown to counteract or decrease the effects of pilocarpine, which means that one cannot simply relate the effective dosage of a leaf extract based solely upon the pilocarpine content of the extract.
Finally, one must consider that the longstanding documented use of pilocarpine is not with side effects, toxicity or contraindications. Knowing at least an approximate amount of such an active chemical in a leaf extract is certainly necessary to help determine the extract's efficacy and safety. The lethal dose of pilocarpine is reportedly 60 mg, which could correspond to as little as 5-10 grams of the leaves. Individuals with cardiac and circulatory problems may even have a lower lethal dosage. Reported side effects for non-lethal dosages of pilocarpine include vomiting, nausea, sweating, convulsions, increased heart rate, difficulty in breathing, and bronchial spasms. Interestingly, a positive side effect of reported use of the pilocarpine eye solution drug was an improvement in sleep apnea and snoring in glaucoma patients using the drug.
Current Practical Uses:
The use of jaborandi is best left in the hands of experienced herbalists and health practitioners since pilocarpine has such pronounced biological activities and it occurs in significant amounts in the natural leaf. (The oral pilocarpine prescription drug, Salagen® is only 5 mg of pilocarpine, so very little is required for a pharmacological effect.) In recent years demand by U.S. consumers for the natural leaf has been increasing, mainly fueled by the high cost of pilocarpine drugs and the rather new uses of it in cancer therapy (as a saliva enhancement agent). However, it still is not recommended to be used by the average lay-person. The natural leaf is not widely available in the U.S. today and importation of it as a natural product is a bit in the grey area since pilocarpine is sold as a regulated prescription drug. In fact, Brazil is the largest producer today of jaborandi leaves. However, 100% of Brazil's jaborandi leaf production goes into drug manufacture, including Merck Pharmaceuticals who located a manufacturing plant in Brazil specifically for the processing and manufacture their pilocarpine prescription drugs. Current laws in Brazil prohibit the export of jaborandi leaves as a natural product, as they regulate even the leaves as a drug.
Used internally for psoriasis, itching of the skin, syphilis, chronic excess mucus, and dropsy (leaf extracts). Internally and externally used for glaucoma and as an antidote to atropine; externally for hair gloss (leaf extracts).
Clinical research is still ongoing today on the isolated alkaloid of Jaborandi leaves, pil


link is a pressure or a tension.
If we know whether the stress of any one link is a pressure or a tension, this determines the cyclical order of the sides of the two polygons corresponding to the ends of the links, and therefore the cyclical order of all the poly-gons, and the nature of the stress in every link of the frame.
Definition of Reciprocal Diagrams.
When to every point of concourse of the lines in the dia-gram of stress corresponds a closed polygon in the skeleton of the frame, the two diagrams are said to be reciprocal.
The first extensions of the method of diagrams of forces to other cases than that of the funicular polygon were given by Bankine in his Applied Mechanics (1857). The method was independently applied to a large number of cases by Mr W. P. Taylor, a practical draughtsman in the office of the well-known contractor Mr J. B. Cochrane, and by Professor Clerk Maxwell in his lectures in King's College, London. In the Phil. Mag. for 1864 the latter pointed out the reciprocal properties of the two diagrams, and in a paper on " B,eciprocal Figures, Frames, and Diagrams of Forces," Trans. R. S. Edinburgh, vol. xxvi. (1870), he I showed the relation of the method to Airy's function of stress and to other mathematical methods.
Professor Fleeming Jenkin has given a number of appli-cations of the method to practice (Trans. R. S. Edin., voL
1 XXV. ^
Cremona{le figure reeiproehe nella statica grqfica, Milan, 1872) has deduced the construction of reciprocal figures from the theory of the two components of a wrench as developed by Mbbius.
Culmann, in his Graphische Statik, makes great use of diagrams of forces, some of which, however, are not reciprocal.
M. Maurice Levy in his Statique Graphique (Paris, 1874) has treated the whole subject in an elementary but copious manner.
Mr B. H. Bow, C.E., F.R.S.E., in his work on The
Economics of Construction in relation to Framed Structures, 1873, has materially simplified the process of drawing a diagram of stress reciprocal to a given frame acted on by a system of equilibrating external forces.
Instead of lettering the joints of the frame, as is usually done, or the links of the frame, as was the writer's custom, he places a letter in each of the polygonal areas inclosed by the links of the frame, and also in each of the divisions of surrounding space as separated by the lines of action of the external forces.
Fin. 1.—Diagram nf Configuration.
H
When one link of the frame crosses another, the point of apparent intersection of the links is treated as if it were a real joint, and the stresses of each of the intersecting links are represented twice in the diagram of stress, as the opposite sides of the parallelogram which corresponds to the point of intersection.
FIG. 2.—Diagram of Stress.
This method is followed in the lettering of the diagram of configuration (fig. 1), and the diagram of stress (fig. 2) of the linkwork which Professor Sylvester has called a quadruplane.
In fig. 1 the real joints are distinguished from the places where one link appears to cross another by the little circles O, P, Q, B, S, T, V.
The four links RSTV form a " contraparallelogram " in which BS = TV and BV = ST.
The triangles BOS, RPV, TQS are similar to each other. A fourth triangle (TNV), not drawn in the figure, would complete the quadruplane. The four points O, P, N, Q form a parallelogram whose angle POQ is constant and equal to ir - SOB. The product of the distances OP and OQ is constant.
The linkwork may be fixed at O. If any figure is traced by P, Q will trace the inverse figure, but turned round O through the constant angle POQ.
In the diagram forces Pp, Qq are balanced by the force Oo at the fixed point. The forces Pp and Qq are necessarily inversely as OP and OQ, and make equal angles with those lines.
Every closed area formed by the links or the external forces in the diagram of configuration is marked by a letter which corresponds to a point of concourse of lines in the diagram of stress.
The stress in the link which is the common boundary of two areas is represented in the diagram of stress by the line joining the points corresponding to those areas.
When a link is divided into two or more parts by lines crossing it, the stress in each part is represented by a different line for each part, but as the stress is the same throughout the link these lines are all equal and parallel. Thus in the figure the stress in BV is represented by the four equal and parallel lines HI, FG, DE, and AB.
If two areas have no part of their boundary in common the letters corresponding to them in the diagram of stress are not joined by a straight line. If, however, a straight line were drawn between them, it would represent in direc-tion and magnitude the resultant of all the stresses in the links which are cut by any line, straight or curved, joining the two areas.
For instance the areas F and C in fig. 1 have no common boundary, and the points F and C in fig. 2 are not joined by a straight line. But every path from the area F to the area C in fig. 1 passes through a series of other areas, and each passage from one area into a contiguous area cor-responds to a line drawn in the diagram of stress. Hence the whole prth from F to C in fig. 1 corresponds to a path formed of lines in fig. 2 and extending from F to C, and the resultant of all the stresses in the links cut by the path is represented by FC in fig. 2.
Automatic Description of Diagrams.
There are many other kinds of diagrams in which the two co-ordinates of a point in a plane are employed to indicate the simultaneous values of two related quantities.
If a sheet of paper is made to move, say horizontal^, with a constant known velocity, while a tracing point is made to move in a vertical straight line, the height varying as the value of any given physical quantity, the point will trace out a curve on the paper from which the value of that quantity at any given time may be determined.
This principle is applied to the automatic registration of phenomena of all kinds, from those of meteorology and terrestrial magnetism to the velocity of cannon-shot, the vibrations of sounding bodies, the motions of animals, voluntary and involuntary, and the currents in electric telegraphs.
Indicator Diagram.
In Watt's indicator for steam engines the paper does not move with a constant velocity, but its displacement is proportional to that of the piston of the engine, while that of the tracing point is proportional to the pressure of the steam. Hence the co-ordinates of a point of the curve traced on the diagram represent the volume and the pressure of the steam in the cylinder. The indicator-diagram not only supplies a record of the pressure of the steam at each stage of the stroke of the engine, but indi-cates the work done by the steam in each stroke by the area inclosed by the curve traced on the diagram.
The indicator-diagram was invented by James Watt as a method of estimating the work done by an engine. It was afterwards used by Clapeyron to illustrate the theory of
heat, and this use of it was greatly developed by Eankine in his work on the steam engine.
The use of diagrams in thermodynamics has been very completely illustrated by Frof. J. Willard Gibbs (Connec-ticut Acad. Sci., vol. iii.), but though his methods throw
much light on the general theory of diagrams as a method
of study, they belong rather to thermodynamics than to
the present subject. (J. o. in.)
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multiple services
Develop logical data models for the following:
Data model #1
A patient can make multiple appointments to see a provider, but an appointment can only be associated with one patient visit.
Data model #2
A specific patient visit can be associated with only one provider (such as a nurse, or physician).
For both data models:
 - A specific patient visit can be associated with multiple services (such as a physician visit, laboratory test, and other evaluation).
 - Patient attributes include: medical record number, date of birth, last name, first name, gender.
 - Appointment attributes include: appointment date, appointment time, and primary provider.
 - Visit attributes include: visit date, visit time, provider, and services.
I attached an example
Week 6 AssignmentDevelop Logical Data Models


text:
A shout out to the Buzzards Bay Coalition for this concise but powerful overview of the damage nitrogen pollution is causing to Cape waterways. Substitute Buzzards Bay with Shoestring Bay and and you'll understand the looming disaster for our home.
West Falmouth homeowner Bob Kretschmar first noticed it about 10 years ago: slimy green algae creeping along the bottom of West Falmouth Harbor. He could see the algae at low tide, covering the rocky beach where his kids love to swim. Soon, the healthy eelgrass beds that had always grown in the shallow waters by his cottage began to die.
The cause of this algae was nitrogen pollution: the greatest long-term threat to the health of Buzzards Bay. More than half of the Bay's harbors, coves, and tidal rivers suffer from the effects of nitrogen pollution. We all contribute this harmful pollution to our local waterways – and fortunately, we can all do our part to stop it.
How Does Nitrogen Pollution Harm Buzzards Bay?
More than half of Buzzards Bay's harbors, coves, and tidal rivers suffer from nitrogen pollution – from West Falmouth Harbor all the way to the Westport Rivers. Our Bay Health data clearly show the Bay's decline from nitrogen pollution over the past 25 years.
When water is polluted with nitrogen, it looks cloudy and murky. Algae begins to grow. Eelgrass beds die, and fish and shellfish slowly disappear. In short, nitrogen pollution is quietly destroying the Bay we all love.
In clean water (left), fish and shellfish thrive, and people can enjoy the water. But when the water is polluted with nitrogen (right), it becomes cloudy and murky. Eelgrass can't grow, and fish and shellfish disappear.
Nitrogen pollution fuels the growth of algae: tiny plants that can bloom rapidly and fill the water. It's like adding fertilizer to your garden – except in Buzzards Bay, algae isn't something we want to grow.
Algae makes the water look cloudy and murky, as if someone stained it brown or green. Lettuce-like clumps form in the shallows and wash up at low tide, fouling our beaches. Along the shoreline, algae form thick, slimy mats of green on rocks, pilings, and tidal flats. Sometimes, algae can even stink like decay.
Loss of Fish and Shellfish
The effects of nitrogen pollution aren't just ugly to look at. Nitrogen pollution harms the fish and shellfish species that call Buzzards Bay home.
When algae blooms form, they block out sunlight from reaching eelgrass at the bottom. Young fish, crabs, and bay scallops rely on eelgrass as a nursery and safe haven from predators. Without enough sunlight, eelgrass dies. And those species that depend on eelgrass begin to vanish, too.
Algae growth also leads to less oxygen in the water. All of the Bay's species – from big fish to tiny clams – need oxygen to survive. In places like the Chesapeake Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, severe nitrogen pollution creates large "dead zones" without any oxygen. If nitrogen pollution gets worse, the same thing could happen here in Buzzards Bay.
Where Does Nitrogen Pollution Come From?
Nitrogen pollution is mainly the result of poorly planned development. When new homes are built far away from existing infrastructure, they add more septic systems, manicured lawns, and paved roads to our region.
By far, residential septic systems are the largest single source of nitrogen pollution to Buzzards Bay. Inadequate wastewater treatment is another major source in certain areas. In some waterways, as much as 80% of the nitrogen pollution comes from residential wastewater that isn't treated as well as it could be.
Traditional septic systems don't treat for nitrogen. Instead, nitrogen seeps into groundwater and eventually works its way into coves and harbors, where it can become pollution.
In areas that aren't connected to sewer plants, homeowners rely on septic systems to treat their wastewater. But most people don't realize that the typical septic system – even a new, properly functioning Title 5 system – doesn't remove much nitrogen.
Whether you live near the water or several miles away, your septic system contributes nitrogen pollution to Buzzards Bay. Nitrogen seeps from the leach field into groundwater. From there, nitrogen can travel underground for many miles to the nearest waterway.
In this diagram of a septic system, you can see how nitrogen pollution (in red) seeps into the groundwater and eventually makes its way to the nearest waterway.
Wastewater Treatment Plants
Unlike traditional septic systems, wastewater treatment plants can treat sewage to remove nitrogen. However, they don't eliminate all the nitrogen – and many municipal plants don't remove nearly as much as they could. That nitrogen gets emptied into our local waterways, where it becomes pollution.
In certain parts of the Bay, wastewater treatment plants are a large source of nitrogen pollution. For example, the Fairhaven treatment plant has historically discharged to inner New Bedford Harbor, where nitrogen pollution gets trapped inside the hurricane barrier. And at the Marion Wastewater Treatment Plant, 20 acres of unlined sewage lagoons leaked nitrogen directly into the ground for nearly 50 years.
More Sources of Nitrogen Pollution
There are many more sources of nitrogen pollution to Buzzards Bay. They're small compared to wastewater, but when added together they can have a big impact on the health of our water.
Each time it rains, fertilizer gets washed off lawns and farm fields into local waterways. Cars emit nitrogen oxides into the air, which eventually fall back onto the land as acid rain. Cranberry bogs are another piece of the nitrogen pollution puzzle.


text:
Activity: Talk or presentation › Talk or presentation at a workshop, seminar, course or other meeting
In this work, we explore the state-space formulation of network processes to recover the underlying structure of the network (local connections). To do so, we employ subspace techniques borrowed from system identification literature and extend them to the network topology inference problem. This approach provides a unified view of the traditional network control theory and signal processing on networks. In addition, it provides theoretical guarantees for the recovery of the topological structure of a deterministic linear dynamical system from input-output observations even though the input and state evolution networks can be different.
11 Feb 2019
ITA 2019: Information Theory and Applications Workshop


text:
Chandipur: The "ABHYAS" high-speed expendable aerial target (HEAT) was successfully flight-tested from the Integrated Test Range (ITR), Chandipur, off the Odisha coast Wednesday, the Ministry of Defence said.
The performance of the aerial target, at low altitude including sustained level and high manoeuvrability, was demonstrated during the test flight. ABHYAS was flown from a ground-based controller in a pre-designated low altitude flight path, which was monitored by various tracking sensors deployed by ITR, including radar and electro-optical targeting system.
ABHYAS is designed and developed by the Aeronautical Development Establishment of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).
Launched using twin under-slung boosters which provide the initial acceleration, it is powered by a small gas turbine engine to sustain a long endurance flight at high subsonic speed.
The target, which is programmed for fully autonomous flight, is equipped with micro-electromechanical systems-based inertial navigation system, along with the flight control computer for guidance and control along with indigenous radio altimeter for very low altitude flight and data link for encrypted communication between the ground control station and target Aircraft.
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh congratulated the DRDO, armed forces and the industry for the successful flight trial of ABHYAS and said that development of this system will meet the requirements of aerial targets for the armed forces.


1. I believe that my religion is the truth. Isn't listening to another faith courting unfaithfulness to my own? I have a duty to proclaim the truth, but why should I really listen to another tradition?
 - because we treat others the way we hope they will treat us. We hope they will listen with respect and vulnerability—an open heart.
 - because we are finite human creatures. To think our understanding is perfect is both proud and idolatrous. Research Fellow John Fairfield made this point in a 4-minute announcement at Lake Junaluska:
2. Why build a Mennonite Center for Interfaith Engagement (CIE)? There are many such centers underway elsewhere; what do Mennonite Christians have to add to the discourse? What would be distinctive about interfaith engagement at Eastern Mennonite University?
 - CIE will build on the power of collaborative interfaith relationships that have become a part of the Mennonite experience. Through involvement with relief and development efforts via Mennonite Central Committee (MCC), Mennonite Disaster Service (MDS), and service-oriented mission activities, Mennonites have a lot of experience on the ground working with partners of different faiths to solve real problems. These experiences have built many personal relationships which have had profound effects on the spiritual journeys of all parties. We have a capital of trust extended from traditional cultures which have found us more approachable than threatening western culture. We have networks of relationships into places not accessible to many in the west.
 - CIE will build on the work at EMU's Center for Justice and Peacebuilding (CJP). The human condition is that relationships are broken and we suffer the resulting violence and war. CJP has become a global resource for the study and praxis of peacebuilding. CJP has built a multi-faith network of relationships with people involved with the most intractable interfaith conflicts on the globe.
3. How is this different from what Mennonites have been doing already?
 - Through MCC, MDS and the like, Mennonites have had a hands on, bottom up, relationship-building approach. We need to make our working assumptions more explicit. We need to bring the insights we have gleaned on the ground into an academic forum. We need to develop knowledge and understanding of the power of interfaith relationships to effect change. We need to develop a theology of interfaith relations.
 - Though CJP is also moving towards models of sustainable productive tension, it still has a focus on conflict resolution. CIE focuses on the religious value of hospitable interfaith struggle, to build peace, to make a better understanding of life and to grow a more profound faith.
4. How will this work proceed?
 - By translating our natural, accustomed respect for others into conscious awareness.
 - By bringing conservative voices from each faith community into collaboration. Conservative faith communities have traditionally related to each other competitively. CIE has a vision for how conservative communities of all stripes can justify collaboration.
5. Who are the Mennonites?


text:
A visible boundary, such as a fence or wall, can make a yard feel small
and claustrophobic. Concealing boundaries with plants will radically
improve the appearance of a yard, transforming it into an attractive
Back Fence Disguise
In many small yards, the most obvious boundary is
the back fence, which, if visible, immediately gives away the length of
the yard. By creating a mixed border directly in front, using a range of
plants that will grow as tall as, or taller than, the fence, you will
succeed in blurring the edges of your lot. Make sure the border is a
reasonable depth: a narrow strip in front of the fence, deep enough for
only one plant, is likely to draw attention to the boundary rather than
One of the most effective ways to disguise a boundary
and also make a yard seem larger is to create a false perspective. For
example, in a yard that appears short, make the borders running down the
sides of the yard taper outward so that they are wider at the far end,
making the yard appear longer. Another visual trick is to draw the eye
away from the boundaries with a central, circular lawn or paved area,
and surround it with dense plantings. Evergreen shrubs will ensure that
the effect lasts all year.
Dividing up the yard with various plant screens so that the
entire yard is never completely visible from any one position will help
make it feel larger and shift the emphasis away from the boundaries.
Even a small lot can be divided up in this way using trellis or woven
willow screens as supports for climbing plants; these also help to
maximize growing space.
Having a small garden does not mean that you should restrict yourself to small plants; in fact, doing so serves to underline a yard's limited size. Positioning a selection of quite large plants in front of fences or walls in generous-sized beds that have been pushed to the edges of the lot will help to maximize space in the center of the yard, creating a courtyard. The plants will also help to hide fences and walls.


text:
We investigate the long-term impact of early exposure to Berlusconi's commercial TV network, Mediaset, on voting behavior and civic engagement in Italy. To do so, we exploit differences in Mediaset signal reception across Italian municipalities due to the network's staggered introduction over the national territory and to idiosyncratic geomorphological factors. We find that municipalities exposed to Mediaset prior to 1985 exhibit greater electoral support for Berlusconi's party in 1994, when he first ran for office, relative to municipalities that were exposed only later on. This difference, estimated between 1 and 2 percentage points, is extremely robust and tends to persist in the following four elections. This effect can hardly be attributed to differential exposure to partisan news bias since, prior to 1985, content on Mediaset channels was dominated by light-entertainment programs and no news programs were broadcast until 1991, by which time the network was accessible to the entire population. Instead, we present evidence that early exposure to commercial TV was associated with a substantial decline in social capital consistent with the diffusion of a culture of individualism and civic disengagement that favored the political success of Berlusconi.
That is from the paper: "Voting Alone? The Political and Cultural Consequences of Commercial TV" by


text:
Air Monitoring Trials on HMAS OVENS
AERONAUTICAL AND MARITIME RESEARCH LAB MELBOURNE (AUSTRALIA)
Pagination or Media Count:
Three air monitoring trials were undertaken in an RAN Oberon class submarine, HMAS Ovens, using an instrument package consisting of commercially available monitors for hydrogen, hydrogen chloride, chlorine, oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, refrigerant R-12, volatile organic compounds VOCs and aerosols. During the trial periods, dive times were short so there was little opportunity for the build up of air contaminants. However, of the air contaminants measured, only the VOCs exceeded maximum permissible levels although aerosols concentrations were considered to be high by outdoor environmental standards.
- Submarine Engineering
- Air Pollution and Control


Linear vs. Nonlinear Periodization: Which Is Better for Strength and Hypertrophy?
Joshua Wortman
Contributor - Health and Fitness News
There are many styles of resistance training that are utilized today, and periodization has been a popular method applied to resistance training since the 1950s. Periodization is an organization of training that is divided into blocks or phases of time focusing on specific skills.1 Periodization is classified as either being nonlinear or linear. Both styles have been proven effective, and the argument is often made for the case of one being superior over the other in terms of strength and size gains. A recent study was performed that hoped to put the debate to rest.

linear periodization, nonlinear periodization, hypertrophy, strength trainingLinear periodization (LP) training initially uses high volume and low intensity. The training for LP progresses through mesocycles or phases where the volume decreases, and intensity increases. This style of training is broken down into phases that focus on hypertrophy, strength, power, and transition phases. This type of training is often referred to as the "classic" style of training and was created by Dr. Leonid Matveyev.

Dr. Yuri Verkhoshansky is credited for originally utilizing nonlinear periodization (NLP). NLP is known as the conjugate method and varies training volume and intensity in shorter periods of time, and occurs frequently from training session to training session. NLP links two or more qualities that need to be developed, such as power and hypertrophy, for example.2

Most studies that compare LP and NLP have solely focused on strength gains. Contrarily, this new study's objective was to not only focus on strength gains, but on changes in muscle thickness as well to determine changes in hypertrophy.3

The study involved thirty men, and each was assigned to either a group that trained using NLP, LP, or a control group. A two week period was used to determine one rep maxes (1RM) in the bench press, lat-pull down, machine triceps extension, and straight bar standing curl. During this period measurements were also taken of each bicep and tricep muscle, and each group tested for a total of twelve weeks, with two sessions per week.4

The results of this study revealed that both the NLP and LP group experienced significant strength increases in the lat-pull down, biceps curl, and triceps extension. However, only the NLP experienced in increase in 1RM on the bench press. The strength increases for the lat-pull and bicep curl were also significantly higher than that of the LP group. There were no significant signs of an increase in muscle thickness in either group, but the NLP group did show larger increases than the LP group.5

Just like this study, prior research has also found similar results in the fact that NLP appears to be a superior training style compared to LP. More research is needed, however, to determine which model is optimal for a specific goal. While both NLP and LP have both proved to be effective forms of resistance training, this study presented solid evidence that NLP is ideal for both strength and muscle thickness when compared to LP resistance training; at least for a twelve week period of time.6

Topic:
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text:
The method of analysis for the ps transient absorption spectra obtained by a ps Nd 3+ : YAG laser photolysis system is described in detail, showing the results of pyrene in solution. The Sn←S1 spectrum observed immediately after excitation is rather broad and its intensity in the short wavelength region is relatively enhanced, compared to the spectrum observed at later stages. For elucidating this fast spectral change, the spectrum at 0 ps was simulated from that at 100 ps, evaluating numerically the inner filter effect, depletion of the ground state molecules and temporal characteristics of the monitoring ps continuum. The difference between the simulated and experimentally observed spectra may be ascribed to the nonlinear refractive index change of the solvent, the thermal lensing effect, or to an intrinsic relaxation of the excited molecule. Examining absorption spectra obtained under various conditions, the former two possibilities were denied for the excited pyrene system. Vibrational relaxation as well as the S 2 → S 1 internal conversion with a time constant of less than 10 ps have been suggested to be responsible for this difference between the simulated and observed spectra.
Miyasaka, H., Masuhara, H., & Mataga, N. (1983). Picosecond Absorption Spectra and Relaxation Processes of the Excited Singlet State of Pyrene in Solution. Laser Chemistry, 1(5), 357–386. _URL_


text:
Best Time To Visit Kaohsiung
BEST TIME TO VISIT
When you are planning a trip to Kaohsiung, you need to keep in mind that this city experiences the typical tropical wet and dry climate. The summers are moderately hot, and winters are pleasantly cold. The best time to visit Kaohsiung is from October to January. The city is visited by thousands of travelers around this time. If you wish to avoid the crowd, you can consider off-season in Kaohsiung. You can consider visiting Kaohsiung in winter or summer as it is the low season and you will find great deals for accommodations. Most of the tourists avoid monsoon season towards the end of summer as July experiences the heavy rainfall.
- Summer (June to August): The summer in Kaohsiung sees the temperatures that go as high as 95°F (35°C). The month of June is bearable. But in July and August, the city is often subjected to typhoons, commonly known as tropical cyclones.
- Fall (September to November): Even though it may rain sometimes in Fall, it can still be ideal time to visit Kaohsiung as the average temperatures are around 68°F (20°C). The number of tourists is less, and the skies are mostly clear.
- Winter (December to February): With New Year celebrations and pleasant weather, winter has become the peak tourist season in Kaohsiung. The temperatures rarely drop to 5 to 9 °F (3 to 5 °C) and average monthly temperatures stay between 15 to 20°C.
- Spring (March to May): Spring in Kaohsiung is known as the unpredictable season. Even though the average temperatures stay around 70°F (20°C), it may rain suddenly. So, try to avoid spring for vacationing in Kaohsiung or carry a light rain jacket.
- 20℉ 0℉
- 130 0
Maximum rain recorded in Kaohsiung is 2348.67 mm in August.
Months with no rains or lowest rains in Kaohsiung is November.
- 25 0
Most humid month in Kaohsiung is August.
Least humid month in Kaohsiung is February.


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I love how notebooks work in Mathematica.
You can edit code in real time and hit Ctrl+Shift to run it.
Additionally you copy and paste different cells around to organize and test ideas.
Search and replace, plot/visualization,etc.. are built into the system.
My question: How could you adequately adapt Mathematica to use as a terminal replacement?
If not (this might get transferred to is there a terminal editor that exists that works like Mathematica's notebook interface?
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You can call external programs with Run[] and RunThrough[] but I don't think they can work interactively. – 0xFE Jan 27 '13 at 7:25
In response to your second question, the BBEdit shell worksheet offers some broadly similar ideas. – cormullion Jan 27 '13 at 9:20
Any version of Emacs has full terminal capability, and you find a version (often several) for any OS I know of. – m_goldberg Jan 27 '13 at 9:55
1 Answer 1
One thing that we can do is exploit the CellEvaluationFunction option of cells to replace the standard evaluator with a function of our own design. In this case, that evaluation function will invoke the system shell.
First, let's create a helper function that can create such cells:
evaluatableCell[label_String, evaluationFunction_] :=
 ( CellPrint[
 , "Program"
 , Evaluatable -> True
 , CellEvaluationFunction -> evaluationFunction
 , CellGroupingRules -> "InputGrouping"
 ; SelectionMove[EvaluationNotebook[], All, EvaluationCell]
 ; NotebookDelete[]
 ; SelectionMove[EvaluationNotebook[], Next, CellContents]
This function creates a cell with the look of a Program cell, but evaluates its contents using a function we provide. So if we wanted to have the system shell evaluate the contents, we would do this:
Note that when we evaluate this expression, the input expression is erased and replaced with a new cell. I'll say that again: the original expression is erased. This is convenient for frequent use, but if you have typed in a complex expression for testing purposes, save it before you evaluate! If you don't like this behaviour, simply remove the SelectionMove and NotebookDelete lines from evaluatableCell.
The replacement cell is treated as an evaluatable input cell. The following example was run on Windows:
This shell cell is very basic. The error-handling is non-existent and, on Windows at least, ignores all lines after the first. We can make this a little more robust if we write the text to be evaluated into a script file, run it, and capture the output. The following helper function captures this common idiom:
Options[runTempFile] = {FilePattern -> "_", FileExtension -> Automatic};
runTempFile[command_, text_, OptionsPattern[]] :=
 Module[{stream, file, result}
 , stream = OpenWrite[]
 ; Export[stream, text, "Text"]
 ; file = Close[stream]
 ; OptionValue[FileExtension] /.
 ext:Except[Automatic] :> (file = RenameFile[file, file~~"."~~ext])
 ; result = Import[
 StringReplace[command, OptionValue[FilePattern] -> file]
 , "Text"
 ; DeleteFile[file]
 ; result
Error-recovery is still a bit lax in this example, but we'll ignore that and blunder on. Armed with this helper function, we can handle the Windows limitation a bit better:
shellEvaluate[cmd_] /; $OperatingSystem == "Windows" :=
 runTempFile["!_ 2>&1", "_USER_ off\n"~~cmd, FileExtension -> "cmd"]
shellEvaluate[cmd_] :=
 Import["!"~~cmd~~" 2>&1", "Text"]
shellCell[] := EvaluatableCell["Shell", shellEvaluate[#]&]
Note that we are now merging the standard output and standard error streams. Let's use shellCell:
So we have met our stated goal of being able to execute shell commands from within Mathematica. But why stop there? All the arguments for being able to intersperse shell commands into our notebooks apply to any other language we use. Maybe we have Haskell installed on our machine:
haskellEvaluate[source_] := runTempFile["!runhaskell _ 2>&1", source]
haskellCell[] :=
 EvaluatableCell["Haskell", haskellEvaluate[#]&]
Mathematica's built-in Java also opens up some interesting possibilities. The included Rhino Javascript interpreter, for example:
evaluateRhino[script_String] :=
 JavaBlock @ Module[{engine}
 , engine = JavaNew["javax.script.ScriptEngineManager"]_USER_["JavaScript"]
 ; engine@eval[script]
rhinoCell[] :=
 evaluatableCell["Rhino", evaluateRhino[#]&]
Like this:
I could go on with more examples, but I think the point is made.
For an example of a user-defined input cell type that remembers state between evaluations, see this question.
Once again, I'll point out that the error-handling presented here is weak. I omitted it in order to keep this posting to a manageable size and to avoid drowning out the key ideas with boilerplate code.
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Why do you use ~~ in evaluatableCell["shell", Import["!" ~~ #, "Text"] &] opposed to evaluatableCell["shell", Import["!" <> #, "Text"] &]? Is this simply a style question or is their a another reason? – William Jan 31 '13 at 1:03
_USER_ There is no deep reason for my choice... until you mentioned it I hadn't really noticed that I had switched my common usage from <> to ~~. – WReach Jan 31 '13 at 1:17
Somehow I missed this version of your answer. Big +1. – Leonid Shifrin Jul 25 '13 at 14:53
Yes, I also only saw the previous version :). – Jacob Akkerboom Jul 25 '13 at 15:03
Your Answer


text:
Tutorial of Free Awale
The board contains two rows of six holes. Each row (top and bottom) is associated to a player (north and south). Other holes circled in black are not used in the game. They are just used as loft for the captured seeds.
In the initial position of the game, any holes contain four seeds.
To capture more seeds than the opponent.
Players move alternately. It is not authorised to pass his turn.
The game starts with four seeds in every holes (first picture). Take the four seeds of one of your holes and distribute them, counter-clock wise, successively one seed per hole.
For subsequent moves, pick all the seeds in a hole of your side and distributed them. In the following example, the four seeds are distributed on the four successive holes.
It is possible to keep the seeds in your side, for instance by playing a hole with a single seed.
If the hole contains more than twelve seeds, the starting hole is skipped during the distribution. In the following example, the hole initially contains 14 seeds (left) and the twelfth seed is put just after the initial hole. The final position is shown right. Three holes have received two seeds.
If the final hole has two or three seeds after the distribution, their seeds are captured by the player. Examples with two and three seeds captured.
One can capture several successive holes provided that they all have two or three seeds.
The captured holes must be contiguous, in the following example, the last three holes are captured but no more due to the hole which contains 4 seeds.
The maximum number of holes than can be captured is four, other holes are ignored.
If the opponent has no seed, one must play to feed it. In the following position, only the seed with four seeds can be played.
End of game
The game is over when one player cannot play, having no seed. The opponent adds his seeds in the final score.
The game also stops when a position has ever been encountered (cyclic game). Int the following position, the game is cyclic if both players play optimally. Any player keep their seeds in the final score.
A krou is a hole containing more than 12 seeds. Depending on its position, it can attack the opponent line. In this example, the krou has 14 seeds. During the first turn of distribution, the opponent holes are supplied and during the second turn of distribution, the two last holes containing 6 seeds are captured.
To neutralise a krou, it is sometimes possible to make a node (a hole with two seeds). In this example, north can move the single seed (left). The target hole of the krou will contain 2 seeds and therefore 4 seeds after the krou has been distributed. The krou does not capture anything (right).
A fork is a tactic to attack simultaneously two or more holes. In this position, south can play the 5 seeds (left). After this move, the two first holes of north are attacked by respectively the single seed and the hole with four seeds (right).
To squeeze the tail hole
In this position, south moves his last hole (top left). North must give all his seeds (top right). Finally, south can play the two seeds (bottom left), he supplies a seed which will be captured immediately (bottom right).
To move slowly
It is sometimes better to move such that the opponent is not supplied in seeds. This strategy is particularly efficient near the end of the game when few seeds are present. The player who can play two turns more than his opponent without providing seeds will be able to squeeze the tail hole. For instance, in the following position, playing the single seed of head, south can play seven times before to supply provided. If south plays the three seeds, he will supply after two turns.
The variants of rule can be configured in the menu Parameters and Configure rule.
The maximum number of holes that can be captured may be four, five and even six. By default, this number is four.
When more than the authorised maximum number (say four) of holes are attacked, only the last four holes are captured. This is the rule by default. But in a variant, in the same position, the move can be played but nothing is captured.
In the default rule, it is authorised to capture all opponent seeds. Then the game stops. A variant of awale says that the move can be played but nothing is captured.
In some rules, it is forbidden to play a hole which attacks all the opponent holes. The only exception is when this is the only hole that can be played. In this case, the hole is played and the opponent seeds are captured or not, depending on how has been configured the previous variant. In the left position, the hole with four seeds cannot be played, but in the right position, the hole with four holes must be played.
External linksOther rules are available on.


text:
Posted by Alex on.
the mass of cylinder one is 1.35 times the mass of cylinder two, and the volume of cylinder one is 0.792 times the volume of cylinder two. If the density of cylinder one is 2.70 g/cm3 what is the density of cylinder two?
THIS QUESTION HAS ME GOING CRAZY!!
density is mass/volume.
So, twice the mass, twice the density.
twice the volume, half the density. So, for cylinder 2, we have
(1/1.35) / (1/.792) * 2.70 = 1.584
d1 = m1/v2 = 2.70 g/cc
m1 = 1.35*m2 so
m2 = m1/1.35
V1 = 0.792*v2 so
v2 = v1/0.792
d2 = m2/v2
d2 = (m1/1.35)/( v1/0.792)
d2 = m1/1.35 x 0.792/v1 but
m1/v1 = 2.70
then d2 = 2.70 x (0.792/1.35) =?


text:
India FloodRisk - Comprehensive Flood Risk Assessment Software
RMSI's India FloodRisk™ provides comprehensive flood risk assessment for the entire country covering 19,000+ pincodes. India FloodRisk™ is a probabilistic flood risk model for 51 major urban agglomerations with significant flood risk accumulation along with modeled flood risk scores for the rest of the country with medium and low risk accumulation.The model integrates a visual map interface that makes it easy to understand and apply analysis. Probabilisitic flood risk model for 51 urban agglomerations and flood risk scores for rest of the country.
- Comprehensive countrywide flood risk assessment
- Pan India 19000+ pincodes covered
- Probabilistic risk model for 51 high risk accumulation urban agglomerations of the country
- Modeled flood risk scores for all other regions of the country
Most Accurate Up-to-date Data
- Exposure data based on 2009/2010 land use/land cover at five meter resolution
- Comprehensive river flow data spanning 50 years and historical rainfall data spanning 109 years
- High resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEM) ranging from (10 to 90m)
- Vulnerability functions / loss models developed specifically for India based on field studies for 2009 Andhra Pradesh, 2006 Surat and Vadodara, and 2005 Mumbai flood events
No reviews were found for India FloodRisk - Comprehensive Flood Risk Assessment Software. Be the first to review!


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What are the different types of Wonkee Donkee Trend router bit?
 buy bits for woodworking
There are many different types of router bit or cutter. They can usually be classed as follows:
Groove-forming router cutters
 Examples of groove bits of different shapes for creating various groove forms in timber
Groove-forming cutters are designed to produce grooves in the surface of materials.
They do not usually have a pin or ball-bearing guide, and may require the use of a side fence, guide bush, or another method for guiding the router. A guide allows them to rout along the edge of materials as well in the surface.
 A close up of a bottom cut groove bit in a routing machine
Many groove-forming cutters have the bottom cut facility, and so can be used in a plunge router to cut into the surface of materials, rather than having to cut from the edge. bits without the bottom cut facility need to have an edge from which to start cutting. For more information, see: What are the parts of a Trend router cutter?
 A selection of straight groove-forming router bits for woodwork
Straight groove-forming router cutters
These bits have straight flutes and so produce straight-sided, flat-bottomed grooves in materials.
Examples include single and twin flute straight cutters, mortisers and pocket cutters.
 A selection of shaped groove-forming router bits
Shaped groove-forming router cutters
Shaped groove-forming router bits are usually two fluted and are typically used for decorative moulding or jointing applications. There is a huge range of different shape options for these bits for an array of groove profile shapes.
 Diagram showing that one shaped bit can create different profiles on a wooden edge depending on the height at which it is used
By changing the height of these router bits, or by altering the table fence or side fence position, different profiles can be produced using the same cutter. This can mean grooves of different sizes can be routed, and some cutters are designed so they will produce different shapes of grooves when they are altered.
Self-guided router cutters
 Examples of self-guided router bits in a selection of shapes
These cutters have a pin or ball bearing guide located either on the shank or below the cutting edges and are primarily designed for edge-forming applications.
They do not usually require a side fence or other external method of guiding, as their pin or bearing follows the edge of the workpiece or a template fitted above or beneath it. The width of the cut is controlled by the edge of the pin or bearing running along the workpiece.
 A wooden tabletop with an edge created by a router bit
Self-guided router bits can be used on workpieces with straight or curved edges, (for example, rectangular or circular tables,) and can be used for trimming, moulding, or rebating applications.
 Different sizes of bearing guide found on routing bits
With bearing guided versions, the bearing can usually be removed and replaced for a smaller or larger diameter one, in order to produce a differently shaped or sized cut.
 Examples of straight router bit that have bearing guides
Straight self-guided router cutters
Also called trimming and profiling cutters, these have straight flutes and are typically used on multi-layered materials, to trim one or more of the layers flush with one another.Accessories for woodworking with power tools
 Examples of shaped router bits that have bearing guides
Shaped self-guided router cutters
These are similar to shaped groove-forming cutters but with a pin guide or guide bearing located on their shank, or below their cutting edges. They are available in an array of designs for different tasks.
 Image showing that the location of the guide on a router bit has an effect on the way it is used
Shaped self-guided cutters with a shank-mounted guide often have the bottom cut facility, allowing them to plunge into the surface of materials like groove-forming cutters. Those with a bearing below their cutting edges can only be used to form the edge of materials.
Typical profiles include bevel, radius, dovetail, round over, and rebate cutters.
Joint-making router cutters (can be guided or non-guided)
 joint-making bits (Pilot and non-pilot bits) for woodworking
Examples include:
 joint making bit pair with mating sections and an example of the woodworking joint
Joint-making bits sometimes come as a pair that will cut two mating sections (two parts that fit together) in materials. These sections are then fitted together to form a joint. Some joint-making bits come with a guide pin or bearing attached. These are known as pilot bits and can be used to cut along the edge of materials. Other joint-making bits do not come with a guide. These are known as non-pilot bits and can be used to cut across the surface of a material.
Slotting and grooving router cutters
 A grooving routing bit with shims and spacers
Slotting and grooving cutters, also called arbor-mounted router bits, consist of single or multiple slotting groovers, or profile blocks, assembled on an arbor, using spacers, shims, and ball-bearing guides to adjust their proximity and depth of cut.
 Diagram showing how a grooving bit can be used to cut either a tongue or a groove on the edge of a piece of flooring
This form of cutter offers a high degree of versatility, as the basic components can be mounted in different combinations, using the shims, washers and spacers to vary their spacing.
Replaceable tip router cutters
 A replaceable tip bit and a selection of attachable blades
Replaceable tip router cutters are comprised of a solid tungsten carbide blade held by retaining screws to a ground steel body.
When dull, the blade can be rotated to expose up to three more cutting edges. Buy routing accessories from wonkee donkee
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text:
Instructions for Use
- Unscrew Cap.
- Extract the plug carefully. Use a firm grip to avoid dropping.
- Rinse inside and outside of the bottom part of the blind plug with 5-10mL of water while holding it over the beaker to capture the liquid.
- Pour entire contents of the Standardette® Solution into the beaker.
- Rinse the inside of the ampule 5 times with intermediate swirling into the beaker. Use 5- 10mL of water for each rinse.
- Top up volume in beaker to ~80mL with DI water.
- Rinse a 50mL burette twice with approximately 10mL of the Thiosulfate solution.
- Clamp the burette in position and fill the burette to just above the zero mark with the Thiosulfate solution.
- Release any bubbles from the tip of the burette.
- Bring the Thiosulfate solution meniscus down to or below the zero mark, read, and record the burette reading to the nearest 0.01mL.
- Add 3g of ACS grade Potassium iodade followed by 4mL of 1:1 HCl.Ensure that the Potassium iodade is entirely free of Iodate ions.
- Titrate while stirring. Solution will be dark brown.
- Add 1mL of Starch solution (0.4%SS + 0.3%CH2O) when solution becomes light brown in color.
- Stir vigorously as the endpoint approaches, adding fractions of a drop of titrant using a glass stir rod.
- Look for a fading and lagging endpoint. There will be a very slight blue starch color remaining which will fade in approximately 5 minutes.
- Read the burette to the nearest 0.01mL.
- Complete the titration in exactly 3 minutes.
- Correct the volume of titrant to 20°C.
- Normality = Meq on the label /mL of Thiosulfate solution used


Definition: A seed that due to social trauma stays consciously dormant not out of oppression, but rather due to a deep intuition which senses not to seed until it finds itself in a fertile, fecund environment.
Usage: Swati was hesitant to invite her college friends to her parents' home for dinner, as it was custom for Swati's grandmother to tell deeply personal family stories and histories. Grandmother's wisdom was like a quieseed, and Swati knew she would be cautious to reveal pieces of the story with strangers in the room.
Origin: Ash Arder, Detroit, Michigan + Heidi Quante, California, November 2017.
Quiescent (Latin) meaning 'being still', from the Latin verb quies 'quiet' meaning marked by inactivity or repose.
Seed (Old English sǣd, of Germanic origin Saat) meaning a flowering plant's unit of reproduction, capable of developing into another plant. A propagative plant structure (such as a spore or small dry fruit).
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text:
Students will learn the importance of sleep for humans by reading and discussing the children's book "I See the Animals Sleeping: A Bedtime Story." The class will share predictions about what the story will be about. After the reading, a guided discussion will help students make the connection between animal sleep patterns and why sleep is a necessity for humans.
The book "The Animals Sleep: A Bedtime Book of Biomes" is used as an introduction to biomes and their plant and animal inhabitants. After reading the book out loud to the class, the teacher will lead a discussion about biomes, followed by an activity session.


text:
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I've been setting up my Base II with ableton and have a couple questions I was hoping someone could help me figure out concerning scales and root notes. The Base has a function which while holding shift and being on an instrument or drum rack (in Sends or Device mode), allows the change of scales and root notes. By default, the "Major" scale is the automatic selection scale, which automatically detects if your track contains an instrument or a drum rack and actively changes the controller layout view, but when you change to other scales directly from the Base this function is lost, and using a drum rack and an instrument simultaneously becomes very difficult. The normal drum rack layout switches to an instrument layout, where only a few lined up notes are playable and the rest are blank; why isn't the automatic detection included in all scales so that drum racks always have the same layout?


Journal of Applied Physiology
Relationship of skin surface area to body mass in the immature rat: a reexamination
D. E. Spiers, V. Candas
Skin surface area (Ab) was measured in the rat beginning at birth mass and extending over a range of body mass (m) from 5.0 to 49.3 g. Area of each animal was determined using an elastic impression material. The best-fit relationship between Ab and m over the entire range of mass was Ab = 6.88m0.736. Results suggest, however, that the standard mass exponent of two-thirds, for estimating Ab of adult animals, could also be used for immature animals weighing 14 g or more. In rats weighing less than 14 g, the mass coefficient of the Meeh-Rubner equation varies with m, indicating that the two-thirds exponent is inappropriate for use with very young animals.


text:
Mechanical and operational details of a Neil Brown Instrument Systems internally recording conductivity, temperature, depth (CTD) profiler
Trask, Richard P.
MetadataShow full item record
The purpose of this report is to discuss the use of a Neil Brown Instrument Systems internal recording CTD. The components of the instrument are described along with the advantages and disadvantages of the internal recording system. Calibration of the pressure and temperature sensors in the laboratory and the method used for in situ calibration of the conductivity sensor is described. A step by step description of the use of the CTD/IR at sea is also included.
Suggested CitationTrask, R. P. (1981). Mechanical and operational details of a Neil Brown Instrument Systems internally recording conductivity, temperature, depth (CTD) profiler. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. _URL_
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
Hess, Frederick R.; Orr, Marshall H. (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1979-10)The system described provides wide operational flexibility at any operating frequency from 5 kHz to over 800 kHz (except for a small band around 455 kHz) limited mainly by the availability of transducers. Variable pulse ...
Brown, Neil L.; Morrison, G. K. (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1978-02)A Conductivity, Temperature and Depth (CTD) profiler has been designed to make precise fine scale measurements of these physical parameters in the ocean. This CTD system consists of a shipboard Data Terminal deck unit ...
Koehler, Richard L.; von Herzen, Richard P. (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1986-01)A miniature temperature recorder has been developed to be used with the hydraulic piston sediment corer <HPC) on the Deep Sea Drilling Project <DSDP). The instrumentation fits into pressure-sealed slots in the wall of the ...


@article {Dickinson87, author = {Dickinson, MH and Lighton,}, title = {Muscle efficiency and elastic storage in the flight motor of Drosophila}, volume = {268}, number = {5207}, pages = {87--90}, year = {1995}, doi = {10.1126/science._PHONE_}, publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science}, abstract = {Insects could minimize the high energetic costs of flight in two ways: by employing high-efficiency muscles and by using elastic elements within the thorax to recover energy expended accelerating the wings. However, because muscle efficiency and elastic storage have proven difficult variables to measure, it is not known which of these strategies is actually used. By comparison of mechanical power measurements based on gas exchange with simultaneously measured flight kinematics in Drosophila, a method was developed for determining both the mechanical efficiency and the minimum degree of elastic storage within the flight motor. Muscle efficiency values of 10 percent suggest that insects may minimize energy use in flight by employing an elastic flight motor rather than by using extraordinarily efficient muscles. Further, because of the trade-off between inertial and aerodynamic power throughout the wing stroke, an elastic storage capacity as low as 10 percent may be enough to minimize the energetic costs of flight.}, issn = {0036-8075}, URL = {_URL_ eprint = {_URL_ journal = {Science} }


In the 'gay sex is bad unless it's women' cultural milieu, a survey by a University of Texas at Austin psychologist determined that men are more than twice as likely to continue dating a girlfriend who has cheated on them with another woman than if she cheated with another man.
The survey used 700 college students so calibrate accordingly - men may not like their girlfriends sleeping with another guy but a girlfriend sleeping with another girl is a porn movie.
But don't start yelling about young men. While women were more likely to break off the relationship following both kinds of cheating, they really disliked a boyfriend's homosexual affair. So, in a way, college age men are more tolerant than college age women. At least about who can sleep around with whom.
The survey in Personality and Individual Differences painted the scenario of a committed romantic relationship (including sex) with someone lasting three months. They were then asked how they would respond to infidelity committed by their partner but some of both genders were told their partners had been unfaithful with a man and others with a woman. Some were told their partners had an affair with one person, others with more than one, some were told the infidelity happened only once, others twice.
Occurrences or numbers of partners aside, the study found that:
 - Men had a 50 percent likelihood of continuing to date a woman who had a homosexual affair but only a 22 percent likelihood of staying with her if she cheated with a man.
 - Women were more tolerant about a boyfriend sleeping with other women, 28 percent likelihood of continuing to date him, but a boyfriend who had a homosexual affair had a 79 percent likelihood of being kicked to the curb.
Lead author Jaime Confer, doctoral candidate in evolutionary psychology, and Professor Mark Cloud, of Lock Haven University bizarrely try to make a biology case that men are more distressed by infidelity that could threaten their paternity of offspring. College age men. Offspring. Yeah, instead of the obvious "it's a porn movie" thing that has nothing at all to do with evolution, no matter who much evolutionary psychologists want everything about sex to be biology.
They further contend that men may also view a woman's homosexual affair as an opportunity to mate with more than one girl simultaneously. Because evolutionary psychologists insist men have an inborn need to sleep with the planet.
It's true. Machismo college age men may regard gay male sex as icky but not female gay sex, as long as the women are hot. Science has no explanation for that, try as evolutionary psychology might try to make one. Because it isn't a biology issue.
They portray the female response stereotypically, stating that a boyfriend's homosexual affair might be regarded as a sign of dissatisfaction with the current relationship and a prelude to abandonment so they dump him first. Whereas if he sleeps with another girl, he is just 'being a guy'.
They did ask about the outcomes of any real-life infidelity experiences and the results matched those of the imagined ones - men were significantly more likely than women to have ended their actual relationships following a partner's presumably heterosexual affair.
'Presumably' because if any of the men had girlfriends sleeping with other girls, they weren't telling. Especially if they were allowed to'mate' with both of them.
Citation: Jaime C. Confer, Mark D. Cloud, 'Sex differences in response to imagining a partner's heterosexual or homosexual affair', Personality and Individual Differences, Volume 50, Issue 2, January 2011, Pages 129-134 doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.09.007