Empty Leg and an Attitude?
About two months ago we moved him to a new barn. The main difference in this barn is that he can have some contact with the horses on both sides of him. He doesn't get turned out at all, as he is a show horse and he doesn't like to be outside. My daughter only rides him about a half-hour every other day, so it's not a hard workout for him.
We have had him tested for insulin resistance, and results came back as borderline, so we changed his feed from receiving two scoops of Strategy twice daily, along with free-choice hay, to one scoop at each meal and only two flakes of hay. That's when I noticed he started to lose weight.
So my question is what could be causing him to lose weight so rapidly, and why is he scraping his teeth on the boards? We really need some help here. We've talked to our vet, and he seems to be just as baffled about it as we are. Could the scraping of the teeth be that he's just bored or needs his teeth floated, or that he's missing my daughter? And as for the drastic weight loss, I'm just thinking he needs to be fed more.
Julie Kercher
A:The rapid weight loss you describe can be due to various causes. I am not exactly clear on the timeline, but I assume the problem started before you had the insulin resistance checked and reduced the feed. And I am assuming the weight loss is more rapid than you would expect with the feed reduction alone. So while reduced feed, of course, would be contributing to some continued weight loss, you expect something else is going on with this gelding.
Some of the physical causes that come to mind are gastric ulcers and liver disease. So be sure to have the horse checked for gastric ulcers. But what is more worrisome to me is that weight loss and sudden behavior changes, including the scraping of the teeth on bars that you describe, can also in rare cases be signs of liver disease. In such a case weight loss is due to liver malfunction, which can affect the brain. This can result in unique behavior changes and the emergence of unusual behaviors.
I've known of only a few horses that raked their teeth on the bars of the stall front in that manner. Three had liver disease and I was able to closely observe them: they displayed very unpredictable aggression and sudden changes in mood and mentation. Bloodwork could clear this up.
You asked about environmental and social causes. I'm fairly certain that the behavior changes as I understand them from your description are not just the result of boredom or "missing your daughter."
About the Author
Sue McDonnell, PhD, Certified AAB
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DashboardExtensionsOptionBuilder Methods
A wrapper that provides access to the extensions collection.
Name Description
DashboardExport(Action<DashboardExportOptionBuilder>)
Allows you to use the DashboardExport extension.
DataSourceWizard(Action<DataSourceWizardOptionBuilder>)
Allows you to use the DataSourceWizard extension.
Equals(Object) Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object.
(Inherited from Object)
Equals(Object, Object) Determines whether the specified object instances are considered equal.
(Inherited from Object)
GetHashCode() Serves as the default hash function.
(Inherited from Object)
GetType() Gets the Type of the current instance.
(Inherited from Object)
MemberwiseClone() Creates a shallow copy of the current Object.
(Inherited from Object)
MobileLayout(Action<DashboardMobileLayoutOptionBuilder>)
Allows you to use the MobileLayout extension.
ParameterDialog(Action<DashboardParameterDialogOptionBuilder>)
Allows you to use the ParameterDialog extension.
ReferenceEquals(Object, Object) Determines whether the specified Object instances are the same instance.
(Inherited from Object)
ToString() Returns a string that represents the current object.
(Inherited from Object)
UrlState(Action<DashboardUrlStateOptionBuilder>)
Allows you to use the UrlState extension.
ViewerApi(Action<DashboardViewerApiOptionBuilder>)
Allows you to use the ViewerApi extension.
See Also


Mistletoe (sang ji sheng)
Nature: Mild in nature, bitter in taste, attributive to liver and kidney.
Mistletoe / Ramulus Taxilli
(sang ji sheng) 桑寄生

Nature: Mild in nature, bitter in taste, attributive to liver and kidney.

Characteristics: A parasitic shrub about 1 meter high. The young branches and leaves with red-brown downs are used.

Therapeutic effects: Expel wind-dampness and tonify the liver and kidney, nourish blood and calm the fetus, lower blood pressure especially for those with deficiency of liver and kidney.


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History of ARS at Mississippi State Location
ARS research at the Mississippi State Location was under way in the 1950's or earlier with 3 or 4 ARS scientists working in forages and corn. These early scientists, called agricultural agents, were housed in Mississippi State University facilities. In 1961 a great expansion of research and construction began with the building of the ARS Boll Weevil Research Laboratory and the addition of about 10 young ARS scientists in multiple disciplines working as a team under the direction of Dr. T. B. Davich. Their mission was to develop technology to eradicate the boll weevil from the US. They succeeded, and the boll weevil is now eradicated in states east of the Mississippi River and eradication is underway in states west of the river. By the late 1970's eradication technology was proven and many boll weevil scientists expanded their research to new research areas. Since the beginning of the expansion in 1961, ARS has continued to grow in number of scientists and breadth of research. Early on, the scientists of the South Central Poultry Research Lab were added, research in forages was expanded and former boll weevil scientists expanded their research to solve other cotton problems. Corn research was expanded, forage research expanded and changed to forages and waste management. The Crop Science Research Laboratory was organized and included research in three research units in cotton, corn, and forages. Currently there are two research units in the Crop Science Research Laboratory which continue to focus on (a) cotton genetics, precision agriculture, and waste management; and (b) corn genetics and plant resistance to aflatoxin. Today, there are three major research units at the location with 86 ARS employees and the ARS campus occupies 20 acres and some 37 buildings. Johnie N. Jenkins was one of the first ARS employees in the Boll Weevil Research Laboratory in 1961 and today he leads ARS research in Cotton Genetics and Precision Agriculture, is Director of the Crop Science Research Laboratory and Location Coordinator for the Mississippi State Location. ARS research contributions by those no longer active, continue to be valuable to agriculture and the general population today. ARS and agricultural organizations currently employ many scientists who spent a part of their career working with ARS scientists at the Mississippi State Location. Scientists and support personnel at this Location continue to expand the horizons of science and provide solutions for important problems in US agriculture. From the beginning, ARS research has been a partnership with Mississippi State University and this partnership continues today.
The user friendly URL for this page is _URL_
Crop Science Reseach Laboratory: _URL_
Poultry Research Laboratory: _URL_
Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit: _URL_

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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I have a question about glare analysis using Grasshopper and Honeybee.
I would like to use a fish-eye camera to take a luminance image, convert it to HDR format and measure DGP using honeybees.
There are equiangular projection, hemispherical prejection and stereographic projection for the projection method of the fisheye lens in Radiance.
Fisheye can be selected by "image based simulation" of Honeybee component, but the projection method of the fisheye lens cannot be set, and it is unknown.
Does anyone know which projection type of the fish-eye lens is used in the component of Honeybee "image based simulation"?
Any suggestions or expanation would be appriciated.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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The term postprocessing describes the post-processing and preparation of results of a computer simulation , such as a numerical flow simulation . One tries to convert the resulting large amounts of data into an understandable form of presentation, e.g. B. in graphics and animations .
Postprocessing is often done with a separate program that has special functions and methods for visualization . Examples are TecPlot or the open source project OpenDX .
The term is also used for precise position determination with differential GPS (two or more satellite receivers). Here it describes the subsequent, more precise evaluation of the distance or phase measurements with final orbit data , while the online location determination only has preliminary data available. The evaluation of quasi-difference measurements (distance or time measurements disturbed by external circumstances) can also be done better off-line, for example by introducing nodes to stiffen the geometry.


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Explore Tjapukai by day and experience the living history of the North Queensland rainforest people with over 16 engaging and interactive activities.
Tjapukai Aboriginal Cultural Park welcomes you into a world dedicated to preserving and presenting authentic Indigenous Australian and Torres Strait Island culture.
On this 25 acres of tribal land you will have the chance to take part in hands on experiences including:
Tjapukai by Day is a fun, educational and interactive Indigenous experience that you will not want to miss!
Price: $62 Adult $42 Child (4-14 years)
Children under 4 years of age go free
Optional extras when pre booking
Cultural Creations (Boomerang Painting & Weaving + Jewellery Making) and Indigenous Guided Bush Food Trail
Cultural Creations - Jewellery, Weaving and Boomerang Painting Time: 11.00am - $26 Adult, $16 Child
Take home three hand-made souvenirs. Our artists will teach you how to traditionally paint a returning boomerang and the intricate art of weaving, using plants and grasses. Create your own natural, rainforest style jewellery utilising crystals, seeds and wooden beads.
Indigenous Guided Bush Food Trail Times: 1pm $26 Adult, $16 Child
The trail will take you on a journey through the Tjapukai Parklands showing you bush foods, plants and trees that have culinary and medicinal significance. At the end of journey enjoy billy tea and damper with native fruit jams, as you relax lakeside and enjoy insightful talk with your guide.
Tjapukai Aboriginal Cultural Park is located 15 minutes drive north of Cairns and south of Palm Cove. Ample car parking available. Coach transport available at additional cost from Cairns and the Northern Beaches (Yorkeys Knob, Trinity Beach, Clifton Beach & Palm Cove)
All prices are shown in AUD ($)
Copyright © 2019 Bookme Limited.


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At the end of March, the average total height of the sugarcane was at 96 per cent, it is better compared to February when it was 81 per cent and January 64 per cent). The elongation of the sugarcane was noteworthy during March with an average of 60 cm of growth. This was stated by Jocelyn Kwok, secretary general of the Chamber of Agriculture.
"The accumulated rainfall since October 2010 now amounts to 1239 mm, that is 103 per cent of the long-term average, but still remains deficient compared to the same period of last year, when where it amounted to 1749 mm, that is 146 per cent of the long-term average," said Kwok. "Nevertheless, it is certain that the harvest of 2011 will not be the same size as that of 2010 but still from the beginning of year we have seen an improvement", he said.
Sugarcane growth is expected to continue throughout April with an improvement of 90 per cent as compared to 2010 if weather conditions remain favourable, stated Kwok. Thus sugarcane growth will continue throughout May until the end of the harvest in November.
The Chamber of Agriculture will regularly monitor the situation and again meet with the parties concerned at the end of May.
Like previous years, the first official estimate of the sugar harvest campaign 2011 will be determined around this date.
Conditions favorables aidant, les producteurs et planteurs de canne recevront un montant plus élevé par tonne de sucre produite durant la campagne sucrière de l'année dernière. La vente d'un plus important volume de sucres spéciaux y a également contribué.
4 years, 8 months ago
L'industrie sucrière ne peut être sujette à une réglementation différente des autres piliers économiques, fait ressortir un influent cadre du secteur. Au vu des défis tant sur le plan local qu'international, un réajustement est nécessaire.
6 years, 1 month ago


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In Windows 10/11 as well as in Windows Server 2016/2019/2022 you may face an issue with the explorer.exe process crashing and restarting occasionally. This how-to article provides guidance on how to fix explorer.exe crashes in Windows.
Follow the steps below to fix explorer.exe crashes in Windows.
- Run disk health checks in Windows.
- Run a full anti-malware check with your third party anti-malware tool, Windows Defender and ideally with the latest version of Microsoft malicious software removal tool: _URL_
- Check the Windows registry health by following instructions from the following articles.
- Make use of the Nirsoft tool for extensions removal. This regards any third-party apps which could tamper with explorer.exe causing it to crash. You should combine these checks with Process Monitor traces from the affected machine(s). Also make use of the AppCrashView tool to get more details about the crashes.
- Try a tool such as LockHunter to check if there are any locked files which are causing the crashes.
- Ensure that the crashes are not occurring due to multi-monitor setup and HDMI devices. Try to work in a single-monitor setup without HDMI devices and see if you can still replicate the issue.
- Ensure that you install the latest graphics driver updates from your software vendor. Ensure that all Windows drivers are updated to the latest version by trying Windows update and another 3rd party tool if needed, such as DriverEasy.
- If you are using Citrix or another VDI environment, review the following KB articles and apply fixes, if any of these cases applies to your environment.
- _URL_ and _URL_
- If all else fails, create a clean Windows profile or finally re-install Windows on your affected machine(s).


"Too Big to Certify"
In Kett v. Mitsubishi Materials Corporation, 2020 BCSC 1879, Justice Branch dismissed a certification application because the case was "too big to certify". The case confirms that there are limits to the scale of class actions—while plaintiffs may create the appearance of commonality through abstraction, certification will be inappropriate where individual analyses dominate.
The judgement is also notable for:
 - limiting the use of BC's Business Practices and Consumer Protection Act (the "BPCPA") against parties in a supply chain that provide components; not finished goods in the form received by consumers;
 - requiring plaintiffs' counsel to disclose any relationship between the plaintiff and the firm; and
 - requiring plaintiffs to file more than a "standard form" litigation plan in complex cases.
The defendants sold a vast array of automobile parts to vehicle manufacturers and others in the automotive supply chain. With the possible exception of replacement parts, the parts sold by the defendants were all incorporated into vehicles then sold by others. The defendants did not deal directly with consumers.
The defendants delivered certain products to their customers that deviated from specifications. For example, the defendants did not perform all of the testing and inspections that they recorded. After their misconduct came to light, some of the defendants were charged with offences. None of their customers raised safety concerns.
The plaintiff alleged that the misconduct resulted in higher vehicle prices for consumers. He primarily relied on the statutory causes of action in the BPCPA but also advanced claims in unjust enrichment and the unlawful means tort.
The BPCPA does not allow consumers to target any component in a complex supply chain
The court concluded that the vast majority of the BPCPA claim was bound to fail because the defendants did not "supply" "goods" in a "consumer transaction" under the BPCPA. Rather the defendants supplied goods (automobile parts) to others who then supplied goods (vehicles) to consumers. The court emphasized that consumers were buying vehicles, not collections of parts—the BPCPA does not allow consumers to target any component in a complex supply chain when they buy a finished product. As an exception to this general conclusion, the court accepted that the plaintiff and other consumers may have a claim under the BPCPA for any replacement parts they purchased in the final form distributed by the defendants.
The court held that the diminished BPCPA claim and the claims in unjust enrichment and the unlawful means tort were not bound to fail.
Class action is not the preferable procedure: "a monster of complexity and cost"
The court nevertheless refused to certify the action because of its complexity—there was a significant risk that it would collapse under its own weight.
For example, the first proposed common issue asked whether the defendants "fraudulently alter[ed] quality control certifications". The court held that the question was too broad to be common because there was no allegation of systematic wrongdoing across all defendants and products. Instead, each shipment of products would have to be reviewed individually. As the court explained (para. 139):
Would a class member with Part #545 from Shipment #9,456…want their counsel or their expert wasting time and money chasing down whether Part #123 from Shipment #3,225…also failed to meet testing standards?
The court concluded that most of the proposed common issues were not common for similar reasons. For example, any analysis of the alleged overcharge would have to be done on a shipment-by-shipment basis.
The court went on to conclude that a class action was not preferable—but rather "a monster of complexity and cost" (para. 193). For example, in considering causation it would have been necessary to assess what different purchasers (not class members) would have done had they known of the misconduct. Some might have accepted shipments anyway; others might have demanded discounts. And even more individuality existed at the class member level (para. 180):
One class member might have only one product from one defendant in their vehicle, while another could have multiple products made by multiple defendants. As such, even two class members who both obtained a vehicle containing Product #347 will not necessarily require the same analysis. For example, their overcharge analysis could differ if the second class member's vehicle also contained defendants' Product #5481.
Relationships between the plaintiff and the law firm must be disclosed
The court concluded that the plaintiff and counsel should have disclosed the relationship between them. The plaintiff was the brother-in-law of a former associate in the plaintiff's counsel's firm. The court noted the "positive obligation [that an affiant attest that all material facts to the certification application have been disclosed] is frequently, and unfortunately, observed in the breach by both sides on most certification applications" and the "failure does not reflect well on class counsel".
Despite his comments, the court concluded that the plaintiff was an adequate representative because his brother-in-law resigned from the firm before he swore his affidavit in support of certification, thereby negating the conflict.
In complex cases, plaintiffs must produce more than a "standard form" litigation plan
Finally, the court rejected the plaintiff's proposed litigation plan. The court acknowledged that similar litigation plans had been approved in previous cases, but concluded that a "standard form" plan was too simplistic for such a complex action. Citing Justice Winkler from the Ontario Superior Court of Justice, the court concluded:
In a proceeding of this size and complexity, a proper litigation plan should reflect a clear acknowledgment of the massive undertaking involved...and should satisfy the court as to how the resources available to the plaintiffs can be brought to bear to ensure that the litigation can be conducted in a way so as to protect the interests of class members.
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How to Grease a Mini Excavator
Proper maintenance of your mini excavator is crucial for ensuring long-lasting performance. Regular greasing prevents wear and tear, reduces noise, and keeps your machine running smoothly. This guide walks you through the process of greasing your mini excavators work arm, helping you maintain your equipment with ease.
(Reading Time: 5-8 Minutes)

Why Greasing is Important?
Greasing your mini excavator isnt just a good ideaits crucial. Without proper lubrication, the pivot points on the work arm face constant stress, leading to increased friction and faster wear. If you skip greasing, youre inviting noisy operation, rough performance, and costly repairs down the line. Keep things smooth and extend the life of your equipment by making greasing a regular habit.
Greasing your mini excavator isn't just a good idea—it's crucial
When to Grease?
To keep your mini digger's work arm in optimal condition, grease the moving pins and pivot points:
 - Initial Use: Grease the work arm's pivot points the first time you use your mini excavator.
 - Regular Maintenance: After the initial use, grease the pivot points every 8 hours of operation. This regular maintenance schedule ensures your machine stays in top working order.
What Tools and Materials Do You Need?
Before you start, gather the following tools and materials:
 - Lithium-based grease #2: This is the recommended grease for heavy machinery like micro excavators. It's included with your equipment in small amounts.
 - Grease gun: A grease gun is essential for applying grease to the work arm's pivot points. AHM mini excavator typically comes with one.
best mini excavators come with tool box
Key Areas to Grease
There are 11 critical pivot points on the work arm that require regular greasing to maintain smooth operation:
 - Pivots between the bucket and connecting rod
Pivots between the bucket and connecting rod
 - Pivot at the base of the boom
Pivot at the base of the boom
 - Pivots of the boom cylinder
Pivots of the compact excavator boom cylinder
 - Pivot between boom and arm; pivots of arm cylinder; pivots of bucket cylinder
Pivots of the boom cylinder

Step-by-Step Guide to Greasing the Work Arm
Greasing the Slew Bearing
Step-by-Step Guide to Greasing the mini excavators
 1. Position the small excavator on level ground.
 2. Lower the bucket to the ground.
 3. Allow the engine to idle at low speed for 5 minutes.
 4. Switch the ignition OFF and remove the key.
 5. While the upper structure remains stationary, apply grease to the two grease nozzles until the old grease overflows.
 6. Initiate the engine to raise the bucket clear of the ground. Rotate the cab by 45 degrees (1/8 circle).
 7. Repeat the steps 26 until the bucket rotates a full circle.
DO NOT over-grease, as it can damage the seal of the swing support, leading to grease leaks and the entry of dust, exacerbating wear and tear.

Lubricating the Meshing Gear of the Slew Bearing
 1. Park the excavator on level ground.
 2. Lower the bucket to the ground.
 3. Allow the engine to idle at low speed for 5 minutes.
 4. Switch the ignition OFF and remove the key.
 5. Ensure the grease is stored free from contamination on top of the external meshing gear of the slewing bearing.
If necessary, add approximately 0.5 kg of grease. Any contaminated grease should be replaced with fresh grease.
Note: Lithium grease is recommended.

Conclusion
Regularly greasing your mini excavator is crucial for maintaining its performance and extending its lifespan. By following this guide, youll ensure that your equipment operates smoothly with minimal wear and tear. Remember, at AHM, we offer high-quality mini excavators and top-notch support for all your equipment needs.

David Johnson
I'm David Johnson, an engineer with experience in mechanical engineering. I specialize in construction machinery and have worked with heavy machinery like mini excavators for a long time. My aim is to simplify difficult technical ideas so that everyone can grasp them. Whether you work in construction or just want to learn more, I'm here to help make things clear.
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One Enemy, One Battle, And Same Predicament
The 2017-FeesMustFall has led to another revelation which has not been heard in the media.
No comments
By Magnificent Mndebele
During the FeesMustFall at Wits University students went to other campuses to urge for participation. But there is one group that was left to keep the protest into motion. Most of the fire-keepers have passed the 50s, and they are approaching 60s.
It is difficult to comprehend the core reason as to why would a group of above 50s and 60s jump up and down all over the streets with the students, despite the shots of stun grenades and rubber bullets which were fired by the police at the students.
Three cleaners at the University of Witwatersrand finally chose to speak up about their concerns as mothers, and as a class of poorer.
This is the story of their own predicament as they reflect their own perspective as to why they actively support the FeesMustFall Movement.
"When we try to support the students in their quest for free education, we are told to continue to work," said Samuel Gafani, 60, a cleaner at Wits University.
"Since Mandela came out of prison I have never seen freedom. Our freedom has been taken by other people," Valencia Nkantsha,54, who is also a cleaner a Wits.
"One thing I am asking is that why when democracy came, they said there will be free education but that has never happened," said Thandeka Mbhele, 53, a cleaner at Wits.
Gafani says that the leaders of this country are reluctant to listen to the challenges the poor students are exposed to. He continues to say that if fees are further hiked poor people will never have access to education, and this is amongst the causes that compel people to engage with illegal things.
"Our children are marketing themselves with spades and forks, yet children of the privileged market themselves with University degrees. What is happening within universities is wrong. Our children will never have access to education," said Gafani.
"How will my children enter into university because I do not have money as universities are for those who can afford," he added.
Nkantsha lives in oppression yet in a democratic country. She reveals that previously at Wits they were earning R 2 700, and the students fought on their behalf, that now they are earning R 6 000 per month. She feels like they are owing to the students a favour to support them in their struggle, which becomes reciprocal.
One aspect that makes Nkantsha to live in oppression is that their expenses far exceed their monthly salary meanwhile the government has turned a blind eye to keep the promise which they made before the dawn of democracy, to implement free and accessible education by all.
The majority of those who are in laborious work in many Universities in South Africa were outsourced workers. This has triggered cleaners and others who are the proletariats to embark on strikes early this year as they struggled to pay fees of their children at Universities.
Mbhele says they are insourced because of the students who stood and fought for them. This marks a platonic bond between cleaners and the students who have currently put the country in turmoil.
"We will die for them, and we shall see what the outcome would be," says Mbhele.
Mbhele believes that they are fighting the same battle that had been caused by the same enemy. TOJ
Reporting by Magnificent Mndebele; Editing by Lauren Pillay.
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Common Flight Performance System (CFLIPS)
Small Business Information
1350 East Flamingo Road, Las Vegas, NV, 89119
Paul Michael Jones
AbstractBONN has chosen to concentrate on an innovative concept that will lead to the design and development of a single, integrated flight performance model for various aircraft platforms. This flight performance model, to be known as the Common Flight Performance System CFLIPS), also features an easy-to-use interface that will enable TAMPS Mission Planning Module (MPM) developers to quickly and easily develop their software, without requiring extensive expertise in flight performance modelling and TAMPS software development. The CFLIPS integrated flight performance model will dramatically decrease MPM development time. BONN will analyze existing Flight Performance Models (FPMs) to identify commonality in flight modes, functionality, and software implementation, to develop a common flight performance modelling methodology that can be applied to various aircraft platforms. As part of this analysis, BONN will also examine a versatile three-degree-of-freedom, point mass air vehicle maneuvering software module called Perform, which may produce a superior generic model to polynomials. BONN will design the CFLIPS integrated, data-driven, flight performance model, and a simplified Application Programming Interface (API) to the CFLIPS integrated flight performance model. BONN will also design tools to create tabular data for CFLIPS from electronic and hardcopy sources, such as GFE polynomials, existing MPMs, and flight manuals.
* information listed above is at the time of submission.


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Can Beets Be Transplanted Into Garden
Can I plant beet seeds indoors and then transplant them into the garden in spring?
Certified GKH Gardening Expert
Yes, they can be started indoors and then put out later as long as the soil is at least 40 degrees F. They like to be cool. This article will explain how to grow beets: _URL_

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Supported File Formats: The Flexible Image Transport System and the World Coordinate System
Montage supports two-dimensional images that adhere to the definition of the Flexible Image Transport System (FITS) standard (Calabretta and Greisen 2002). FITS is the format adopted by the astronomical community for data interchange and archival storage.
Briefly, FITS is a data format designed to provide a platform-independent means for exchange of astronomical data. A FITS data file is composed of a fixed logical record length of 2880 bytes. The file can contain an unlimited number of header records, 80 bytes long, having a 'keyword=value' format. These headers describe the organization of the binary data and the format of the contents. The headers are followed by the data themselves, represented as binary records.
The relationship between the pixel coordinates in the image and physical units is defined by the World Coordinate System (WCS) (Calabretta and Greisen 2002). Included in the WCS is a definition of how celestial coordinates and projections are represented in the FITS format as keyword=value pairs in the file headers. Montage analyzes these pairs of values to discover the footprints of the images on the sky and calculates the footprint of the image mosaic that encloses the input footprints. Montage supports all projections supported by WCS, and all common astronomical coordinate systems. The output mosaic is FITS-compliant, with the specification of the image parameters written as keywords in the FITS header. The toolkit also contains a utility, mJPEG, that will convert the FITS image to a Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) format image.


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Question 88: Why The Youth of Today Avoid Religious Gatherings?
Question: What are the factors that cause a section of youth to remain aloof from religious gatherings? Is not time ripe that we take steps to remove this difficulty? What is the method of solving this problem? And what course of action can be adopted to attract the youth to religious gatherings?
Answer: In our view many youths keep away from religious programs due to a number of factors. Two of them are most important.
First of them is poisonous propaganda that foreign agents have unleashed on our young people since a long time. This had made them suspicious of our religious gatherings and spirituality. Because facts are presented to them in a distorted form.
Another thing is the lack of discipline in the religious program. And in many programs there is lack of attention to Islamic principles through the exalted knowledge of which the thirst of curious youngsters is quenched.
These two factors are such that due to their effect many of our young people have become distanced from those programs. But fortunately in recent years there has been awakening in our youth. And they have realized the evil intentions of those foreign elements, which have been used to poison their minds. That is why that youth attend the religious programs in large numbers and we see them present in those programs with our own eyes.
Regarding the second factor of repulsion of the youth steps have been devised and no there is no lack of people who keep the changing times in view and through Islamic logic can solve the mental confusion of the young Muslims. Though we agree that their number is not as required by the present circumstances.


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Correlators are powerful electronic devices to locate leaks on pressured pipes, where the rough location of the leak is unknown and the distances relatively high. Two (or more) sensors are placed in contact with the pipe on both sides of the suspected leak. Those sensors record and transmit the sound by radio to the processing unit. Mathematical algorithms are used to determine the exact location of certain noise profiles (such as hissing leak sound) on the pipe, by correlating the noises that reach both sensors and measuring the difference it takes to travel on the pipe from the leak location to each sensor.
GUTERMANN USA has been among the first manufacturers of leak locating correlators worldwide. The AQUASCAN correlator range is characterised by world-leading sensors, compact and attractive design, robustness on the field and sophisticated filtering capabilities.
Leak Noise Correlator
Trunk Main & Plastic Pipe Correlator
All-In-One Leak Locator & Correlator


Canaan Fir Plug Seedlings
[a.k.a. West Virginia Balsam Fir]
[Abies balsamea var phanerolepis]
You are here: Nurserymen > Evergreen Plug Seedlings > Canaan Fir Plug Seedlings
Canaan Fir plug seedlings are very similar to Balsam Fir plug seedlings and Fraser Fir plug seedlings in appearance, grow zones and other characteristics, making the Canaan a very desirable ornamental tree and Christmas tree. It stands out from the often troublesome Fraser in that the Canaan Fir can handle wetter soils and is less affected by root disease. This species is naturally Phytophthora resistant, whereas Fraser is not.
SOLD OUT till Fall 2021
canaan fir plug seedlings, 25 pack shown canaan fir plug seedlings for sale canaan fir plug seedlings, root plug closeup
Canaan Fir plug seedlings for sale, approx 5-10″ tall
Canaan Fir [and Balsam Fir] are an acceptable substitute for Fraser Fir in problematic environments such as poorly draining areas prone to phytophthora root rot. This species likes richer, darker soils with ample water.
The Canaan Fir is naturally found in isolated populations at higher elevations. This may be why Canaan Fir plug seedlings are slower to break bud than Fraser Fir plug seedlings or Balsam Fir plug seedlings, making it less prone to damage from a late frost. If you've been watching the weather since 2010, this alone is a valuable characteristic to have, since gorgeous trees damaged by frost freezes are not gorgeous trees. This species will reach heights of up to 50ft with a nice pyramidal shape under normal circumstances, and provides excellent privacy and wind protection due to its dense growth. The Canaan Fir is named for the Canaan Valley in West Virginia. It is an excellent alternative to Balsam Fir and Fraser Fir in most situations.
Canaan Fir plug seedlings: characteristics and info
- prefers hardiness zones 3-7
- does ok in full sun but prefers partial shade
- mature height and spread: up to 50 ft high, 15-20 ft spread
- prefers dark rich soils, swampy soils, wet loamy soils, low areas and around ponds and streams
Penn State Ag Extension info on Abies balsamea var phanerolepis
Canaan Fir Sizes and Availability:
--- Canaan Fir transplants [sold out till Fall 2021]
--- Canaan Fir plug seedlings [sold out till Fall 2021]
--- Canaan Fir plug transplants [discontinued]
- Comparable alternative species: Balsam Fir, Concolor Fir, Douglas Fir, and Fraser Fir. Confused about species? Check out our Evergreen Tree Buyers Guide
5-pack for $33.00 (5 evergreen plug seedlings)
10-pack for $47.00 (10 evergreen plug seedlings)
25-pack for $83.00 (25 evergreen plug seedlings)
50-pack for $139.00 (50 evergreen plug seedlings)
100-pack for $199.00 (100 evergreen plug seedlings)


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Manitoba Church Records (FamilySearch Historical Records)Edit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
|This article describes a collection of historical records available at FamilySearch.org.|
Access the records: Manitoba, Church Records, _PHONE_.
Title in the Language of the Record
Manitoba, Registres de l'Église, _PHONE_
This collection contains baptisms, marriages, deaths and other records from some Catholic, Lutheran, and Unitarian parishes in Manitoba.
Church Records began in Canada in the 1620s in Quebec with French Catholic Records. These early records were kept according to a 16th-century French law. English-language church records begin in 1749 in Nova Scotia with Church of England records. Canada had French citizens until 1763, so most Protestant records begin much later.
For a list of records by localities, document type and dates currently published in this collection, select the Browse.
Citation for This Collection
The following citation refers to the original source of the information published in FamilySearch.org Historical Record collections. Sources include the author, custodian, publisher and archive for the original records.
- "Manitoba, Church Records, _PHONE_." Images. FamilySearch. _URL_ : accessed 2013.
These birth records may contain the following information:
- When born
- Full name
- Name and maiden name of mother
- Name and surname of father
- Occupation of Father
- When baptized
These marriage records may contain the following information:
- Name of Groom and Bride
- Groom's place of birth
- Groom's Occupation
- Full name of parents
- Residence when married
- Place of Birth
- Maiden name of bride with parents
- Names of witnesses
- Date and place of marriage
- By whom married
- License or Ban
- Place of birth of father
These death records may contain the following information:
- Name of deceased
- Date and place of death
- Age at death
- Place of birth
- Cause of death
- Name of Physician
- Date of funeral service
- Signature of Clergyman or Minister
How to Use the Record
To search for birth records in this collection, it would be helpful if you knew the following information:
- Name of parents
- Approximate year of birth
- Place of birth
To search for marriage records in this collection, it would be helpful if you knew the following information:
- Name of bride or groom
- Approximate year of marriage
- Place of marriage
To search for death records in this collection, it would be helpful if you knew the following information:
- Name of deceased
- Approximate year of death
- Place of death
Search the Collection
To search the collection you will need to follow this series of links:
⇒Select the "Browse" link in the initial search page
⇒Select the "Place" category
⇒Select the "Name of Denomination and Parish" category
⇒Select the "Record Type and Year Range" category which will take you to the images.
Look at each image comparing the information with what you already know about your ancestors to determine which one is your ancestor. You may need to compare the information about more than one person to make this determination.
Unable to Find Your Ancestor?
- Search for nicknames and various spellings of the name
- Search in the index for the name of your ancestor
- Look for the father's name and the mother's name in the index
- Sometimes church records were kept in the church and sometimes in the home of the minister. The records may still be at the church, with the present minister, at a local historical or genealogical society, or they may have been deposited in an archive of the denomination.
- It may be necessary to look at the records of all the churches near your ancestor's home to locate your ancestor's church records.
For Help Reading These Records
These records are in French. For help with reading the records, see the following wiki articles:
General Information About These Records
Church records (registres paroissiaux) are excellent sources for accurate names, dates, and places of births, marriages, and deaths. Many people who lived in Canada were recorded in church records.
Church records were kept at the local parish of the church. A parish is a local congregation that may include many villages. Your ancestor may have lived in a village and belonged to a parish in a nearby larger town.
Be aware that some of these records may be in French.
Related Wiki Articles
Contributions to This Article
| We welcome user additions to FamilySearch Historical Records wiki articles. We are looking for additional information that will help readers understand the topic and better use the available records. We also need translations for collection titles and images in articles about records written in languages other than English. For specific needs, please visit WikiProject FamilySearch Records. |
Please follow these guidelines as you make changes. Thank you for any contributions you may provide.
Citing FamilySearch Historical Collections
When you copy information from a record, you should list where you found the information. This will help you or others to find the record again. It is also good to keep track of records where you did not find information, including the names of the people you looked for in the records.
A suggested format for keeping track of records that you have searched is found in the wiki article Help:How to Cite FamilySearch Collections.
Citation Example for a Record Found in This Collection
|This citation example isn't from this collection. You can help by replacing this example with a citation for a record found in this collection.|
"Argentina, Buenos Aires, Catholic Church Records, _PHONE_," images, FamilySearch (_URL_: accessed 28 February, 2012), La Plata > San Ponciano > Matrimonios _PHONE_ > image 71 of 389 images, Artemio Avendano and Clemtina Peralta, 1884; citing Parroquia de San Ponciano en la Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Matrimonios. San Ponciano, La Plata.


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trait data for a given taxonomic group. These continua quantify and summarize life-history variation at the inter-specific level in multi-specific assemblages. Here we examine whether trait continua can provide a useful framework to link life-history variation with demographic and evolutionary processes in species richness gradients. Taking an altitudinal species richness gradient for Mediterranean butterflies as a study case, we examined a suite of traits (larval diet breadth, adult phenology, dispersal capacity and wing length) and species-specific habitat measures (temperature and aridity breadth). We tested whether traits and species-specific habitat measures tend to co-vary, whether they are phylogenetically conserved, and whether they are able to explain species distributions and spatial genetic variation in a large number of butterfly assemblages. Location Catalonia, Spain. Methods We formulated predictions associated with species richness gradients and adaptive trait continua. We applied principal components analyses (PCAs), structural equation modelling and phylogenetic generalized least squares models. Results We found that traits and species-specific habitat measures covaried along a main PCA axis, ranging from multivoltine trophic generalists with high dispersal capacity to univoltine (i.e. one generation per year), trophic specialist species with low dispersal capacity. This trait continuum was closely associated with the observed distributions along the altitudinal gradient and predicted inter-specific differences in patterns of spatial genetic variability (FST and genetic distances), population responses to the impacts of global change and local turnover dynamics. Main conclusions The adaptive trait continuum of Mediterranean butterflies provides an integrative and mechanistic framework to: (1) analyse geographical gradients in species richness, (2) explain inter-specific differences in population abundances, spatial distributions and demographic trends, (3) explain inter-specific differences in patterns of genetic variation (FST and genetic distances), and (4) study specialist-generalist life-history transitions frequently involved in butterfly diversification processes. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Catalan J., Bartrons M., Camarero L., Grimalt J.O. (2013) Mountain waters as witnesses of global pollution. Living with Water: Targeting Quality in a Dynamic World. : 31-67.EnllaçDoi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3752-9_2
Mountains lakes, streams, and rivers, collectively known as headwaters, are popularly seen as waters of the highest quality. However, human-related pollution has reached remote areas of the planet everywhere through atmospheric transportation. Mountain freshwater ecosystems are extreme environments for life and thus are particularly sensitive to some new stressors. This chapter begins by summarizing the main features of mountain freshwater ecosystems and then comments on the effects they have historically suffered. It focuses particularly on two environmental problems: (1) acidification and (2) contamination with persistent organic pollutants. These problems are at different stages of development and knowledge. Acidification mechanisms are well understood, and mitigation actions have been applied successfully. The pace of recovery and interaction with climate change are now focusing research interests. In contrast, the environmental problem of persistent organic pollutants in mountain waters has been unveiled only recently. Some initially unexpected findings, such as the increasing concentration of some pollutants with altitude, have stirred further investigations on bioaccumulation processes, which are summarized here. Actions against contamination of sites far from the pollution sources, such as mountains, require the development of international protocols. The fight against acidification constitutes a successful example of such actions, and efforts against other atmospheric pollutants are following suit. These large-scale actions require adequate long-term monitoring networks, models for interpretating the results, and sound understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the observed patterns. Research may focus on: (1) increasing understanding of biotransformation of organic pollutants in natural conditions; (2) better evaluation of toxicological effects on both organisms and ecosystems as a whole; and (3) the ways that climate change influences the transport, accumulation, and toxicity of pollutants, a subject that cuts across all freshwater quality issues. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York. All rights are reserved.
Catalan J., Pla-Rabes S., Wolfe A.P., Smol J.P., Ruhland K.M., Anderson N.J., Kopacek J., Stuchlik E., Schmidt R., Koinig K.A., Camarero L., Flower R.J., Heiri O., Kamenik C., Korhola A., Leavitt P.R., Psenner R., Renberg I. (2013) Global change revealed by palaeolimnological records from remote lakes: A review. Journal of Paleolimnology. 49: 513-535.EnllaçDoi: 10.1007/s10933-_PHONE_-2
Over recent decades, palaeolimnological records from remote sites have provided convincing evidence for the onset and development of several facets of global environmental change. Remote lakes, defined here as those occurring in high latitude or high altitude regions, have the advantage of not being overprinted by local anthropogenic processes. As such, many of these sites record broad-scale environmental changes, frequently driven by regime shifts in the Earth system. Here, we review a selection of studies from North America and Europe and discuss their broader implications. The history of investigation has evolved synchronously with the scope and awareness of environmental problems. An initial focus on acid deposition switched to metal and other types of pollutants, then climate change and eventually to atmospheric deposition-fertilising effects. However, none of these topics is independent of the other, and all of them affect ecosystem function and biodiversity in profound ways. Currently, remote lake palaeolimnology is developing unique datasets for each region investigated that benchmark current trends with respect to past, purely natural variability in lake systems. Fostering conceptual and methodological bridges with other environmental disciplines will upturn contribution of remote lake palaeolimnology in solving existing and emerging questions in global change science and planetary stewardship. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
Cernicharo J., Verger A., Camacho F. (2013) Empirical and physical estimation of Canopy Water Content: From CHRIS/PROBA Data. Remote Sensing. 5: 5265-5284.EnllaçDoi: 10.3390/rs5105265
Efficient monitoring of Canopy Water Content (CWC) is a central feature invegetation studies. The potential of hyperspectral high spatial resolution CHRIS/PROBAsatellite data for the retrieval of CWC was here investigated using empirical and physical based approaches. Special attention was paid to the spectral band selection, inversion technique and training process. Performances were evaluated with ground measurements from the SEN3EXP field campaign over a range of crops. Results showed that the optimal band selection includes four spectral bands: one centered about 970 nm absorption feature which is sensible to Cw, and three bands in green, red and near infrared to estimate LAI and compensate from leafand canopy-level effects. A simple neural network with a single hidden layer of five tangent sigmoid transfer functions trained over PROSAIL radiative transfer simulations showed benefits in the retrieval performances compared with a look up table inversion approach (root mean square error of 0.16 kg/m2 vs. 0.22 kg/m2). The neural network inversion approach showed a good agreement and performances similar to an empirical up-scaling approach based on a multivariate iteratively re-weighted least squares algorithm, demonstrating the applicability of radiative transfer model inversion methods to CHRIS/PROBA for high spatial resolution monitoring of CWC. © 2013 by the authors.
Chelinho S., Domene X., Andres P., Natal-da-Luz T., Norte C., Rufino C., Lopes I., Cachada A., Espindola E., Ribeiro R., Duarte A.C., Sousa J.P. (2013) Soil microarthropod community testing: A new approach to increase the ecological relevance of effect data for pesticide risk assessment. Applied Soil Ecology. : 0-0.EnllaçDoi: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2013.06.009
In the present study, a new complementary approach combining the use of the natural soil microarthropod community and conventional test methods was used. The effects of soil contamination with the insecticide carbofuran on two geographically distinct microarthropod communities (Mediterranean and Tropical) were evaluated in their soils of origin under controlled laboratory conditions. After contamination of two agricultural soils from Portugal and Brazil, a gradient of concentrations was prepared. Soil cores were taken from the respective uncontaminated surrounding areas and the mesofauna of three cores was extracted directly to the test soil. After extracting the microarthropod communities to the test soil, these were incubated under laboratory conditions for 4 weeks, after which the mesofauna was extracted again. The organisms were assorted into higher taxonomic groups and Acari and Collembola were respectively assorted into order/sub-order/cohort and family. Collembolans were still classified according to morphological traits and used as a case-study of trait based risk assessment (TERA; Baird et al., 2008) of pesticides. The exposure to insecticide contamination caused the impoverishment of the taxonomic diversity in both communities. Significant shifts in the microarthropod community structure in the different carbofuran treatments were found for both soils, although effects were more pronounced in the assay performed with the soil from Brazil. Collembolans were the most affected group with a strong decline in their abundance. A dose-response relationship was observed, showing a consistent decline on


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The joint conference on Digital Libraries 2014 – ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL 2014) and the Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries Conference(TPDL 2014). The conference was held between 8th and 12th September 2014 at Milton Court in the Barbican Centre (main conference) and City University London (tutorials, workshops and doctorial consortium). We review here the information retrieval focused aspects of the conference, focusing on session dealing with indexing and search.
Doctorial Consortium, Tutorials
The doctorial consortium and tutorials were held on was held on Monday 8th September. The subjects in the Doctorial Consortium ranged from user interaction to working with digital collections and social factors with work being done on serious games for information literacy and various digital library frameworks. A particularly relevant talk was provided by Hugo Huuderman who focused on searching archives considering temporal aspects. An open mic session ended the event. Three tutorials were delivered on preservation, online scholarly content with Ed Fox providing a full day session on Digital Libraries.
There was quite a bit of interesting work in the musicology workshop both in terms of long and short papers. Padilla et al and Saitis et al focused on scanned music and the problem of making optical music recognition useable. Fillon et al described an open source framework to providing access to audio archives. Uyar et al provided information on a Turkish music collection which could be used for music retrieval experiments. Brown et al provided an overview of the Listening Experience Database, which used crowd sourcing data to index the content using linked data schemes. Wolff et all described machine learning techniques for classifying music datasets. Bainbridge et al described the use of various open source tools to create access in music digital libraries. Downie et al described the HathiTrust Digital library using a bibliometric stud to examine the music related content of 11 million volumes of information. Of the short papers, there were a number of interesting articles including Luzzi who focused on FRBR framework to provide access to music data through linked data and semantic web technologies. Fujinaga et al focused on a UI for searching music scores, whilst Schindler examines the broader aspects of UI for music access. Sordo et al give an overview of creating corpora for Arab-Andalusian music. Porter and Serra focus on feature extraction from music collections. Weyde et al and Rose & Tuppen argued for larger collection in computational music research including that for music retrieval.
The knowledge map for information retrieval workshop contained a number of quite focused papers on various aspect of the use of knowledge maps (visualising the structure of large information spaces) for interactive search. Cribbin looked at methods for citation search. Deng and Hu provided information on KM for guided searching. Yang and Ganascia focused on memory Islands, which can then be 'navigated' by the user. Ahn et all focused on visualising Dewey Decimal classifications to support information retrieval. Mutschke and Moussa focused on the use of heat maps on indexing vocabularies to support information seeking. Hienert and va Hoek described a UI for exploring document collections, whilst Alasllakh focused on the visualisation of multi-faceted search results, focusing on elements of interest to the user. Triebel et al focused on the evaluation of visual user-interfaces. Brath and Banissi focused on the problem of font specific attributes in KM and IR.
The main conference had 14 sessions in all aspects of digital libraries, ranging from citation analysis to education and building DL systems. Below are the highlights of interest to the IR community.
Keynotes speakers: The opening keynote was given by Prof. Dieter Fellner who addressed issues of 3D digitization in cultural heritage research. The second keynote was delivered by Prof. Jane Ohlmeyer who reviewed the 1641 Depositions Project and discussing in the digital humanities and outlined future challenges in digital libraries. Both were fascinating and engaging talks.
Session 2: Recommendation and Indexing. Akbar et al used social netwok analysis for the purposes of recommendation. Gollub looked at building taxonomies for library based exploration based on users' information needs. Clough et al used the PageRank algorithm to personalise recommendation in a large cultural heritage collection. Finally, Friedrich and Kempf focused on providing a conceptual model for indexing to allow uses to find relevant research data.
Session 6: Browsing and Searching. McKay et al looked at browsing data to investigate patterns of loans and to confirm statements made on book browsing in the literature. Lacasa et al focused on the use of GeoSpatial and linked data to support semantic based searching and browsing. Harris et al focused on digital humanities and describe a search and mining system to support users in that domain. Mets et al described a federated search engine which provides access to public domain literature from various European libraries.
Session 7: Item identification. Santana et al focused on Author name disambiguation, and important problem for people search. Smith focused on detecting clusters of reused passages in texts of longer documents, to demonstrate how ideas spread but could be used for the purposes of improving indexing. Batjargal et al looked at the identification of duplication records but in different languages across multiple databases – a case of cross-language IR duplicate detection. Meunschke and Gipp looked at plagiarism detection, looking a citation based methods to reduce the computational load.
Session 8: Quality data and metadata. Dalip et al looked at using machine learning for collaborative filtering applications using various quality indicators. Gao focused on image based calligraphy image search on large scale data sets. Majidi and Crane looked at human an automatics parsers for ancient greek text, to see how they could be combined. Chen et al looked at search logs in CiteSeerx and found that most queries focus focus on a small set of terms and conclude that manual intervention is feasible.
Session 9: Topics. Jatowt and Duh looked at the examination of historical text to analyse the change in meaning of words over time, which brings in an important temporal aspect to search. Xu et al also looked at temporal aspects but for research topics, which have a value over time. Aletras et al looked at various topic representations to support browsing. Kimura and Maeda looked at extracting texts and finding personal relationships in them, which could be useful for searching for people and their connections.
Session 10: knowledge infrastructure and repositories. Borgman et al looked at information infrastructures of managing scientific data including access. Lagoze et al described a meta-data repository system providing access to confidential data and meta-data. St Pierre et al showed that is is possible to undertake real time indexing of a live stream of glyph compositor operators in users interactions within a desktop working environment. Tiessen et al looked at access to research datasets. Stathopolu et al looked a quality meta-data in open digital culture repositories.
Session 11: Data transformation & description: Gonano et al looked a creating a suitable ontology for browsing photo's in a UI. Crawford et al looedk a early music data to create connections using linked data which could be used for the purposes of categorisation. Castro et al focused at creating ontologies for cross domain research data management. Fenlon et al evaluated HathiTust meta-data (see comment on Downie article above).
Session 12: Web archives & memory. Brunelle looked at the impact of missing embedded resources in web archives – which has an impact on the effectiveness of search. Huudeman focused at the unarchived web and the problems of finding pages in that set. Kanhabua looked at Wikipedia as a memory resource for significant events, which introduces an important temporal aspect to search.


Python Remote Debug with PyCharm
Recent PyCharm 1.1 EAP has added one of the most voted feature — Remote Debug. I'm going to say a few words about it expecting you to try it and share your thoughts with us.
If you plan to debug something "remote" it means that you have:
 1. a project that you develop locally in PyCharm
 2. the same project at some remote host (note that sources really should be the same, otherwise you will see some strange things happening during debug session, e.g. inability to set breakpoints or seeing current execution point different from actual one)
 3. local host accessible from the remote one by socket connection
In order to use remote debug you need to perform only 3 steps:
Step 1: Start debug server
To do this you can use Python Remote Debug configuration
There you can just specify local host name, by which your local host is accessible from the remote one (192.168.56.1 in my case), and a port number for server to start at. Then launch this configuration.
Remote debug server is started at port 51234.
Step 2: Copy pycharm-debug.egg to your remote host
pycharm-debug.egg file is located in root of your PyCharm installation directory. Copy it to the remote host and add it to Python path.
Step 3: Update script to start debugger client
Insert 2 lines of code to your script to start debugger client that will connect to server and trace your code. These lines are pretty simple and you can copy them from the Remote Debug configuration dialog:
from pydev import pydevd
pydevd.settrace('192.168.56.1′, port=51234, stdoutToServer=True, stderrToServer=True)
And that's all! Just run your script and it connects to the server immediately going to suspend mode.
One last thing for you to take care: PyCharm needs to know how sources from remote host are mapped to your local project sources.
Thats why in case locations are different, you should provide path mappings.
For example if you have local project something like: C:ProjectsSuperProjectmega_script.py
and remotely: /home/testing/mega_script.py
you should enable 'Use path mappings' option in remote debug run configuration settings and fill prefixes
Luckily PyCharm provides some useful means by setting file mappings during the process of debug if it wasn't configured before.
If a file that should be debugged remotely is not found locally, you will see a special editor:
This editor gives you 3 options:
1) Chose 'Edit settings' to edit mappings once again in run configuration settings dialog
2) Press 'Auto-detect' to resolve mappings automatically
This will offer you to choose a file with the same name from your project and then automatically fix path mappings in your run configuration.
3) And in case you don't have such a file in your project you are still able to view the source code if you download it from the remote host by pressing 'Download' link. But note that the file won't be saved in project and will disappear along with termination of the debug session.
That's it for now! We really want to know your thoughts on this functionality to make it work perfect for you. Leave your comments here or on PyCharm discussion forum.
Wishing you no bugs in your code! :)
This entry was posted in Cool Feature and tagged , . Bookmark the permalink.
12 Responses to Python Remote Debug with PyCharm
 1. Pingback: Tweets that mention JetBrains PyCharm Blog » Blog Archive » Python Remote Debug with PyCharm -- Topsy.com
 2. We're hungry for new builds :-) It would be nice to have a schedule for it. I.e. every week on Friday evening. Please don't do it more often or I will spend all my time re-installing the IDE :-/ With the amount of bugs that get fixed and features that make in it's impossible to resist the temptation of trying it out in realtime…
 3. Robert says:
 Try a Mac…it is just drag-n-drop to install. :-)
 4. Robert, please don't get me even started on this. In as much as I appreciate eye-candy and ergonomic design, graphic goodness and sleek interface, the lack of native package management (don't even dare to mention Fink and MacPorts or it will provoke another burst of flames), primitiveness of the native terminal emulator, weird POSIXy userland, flaky X and all the rest just make it impractical for any half serious systems programming (high-level Python stuff is not the only thing I use the computer for).
 The reason why it takes time for me to re-install PyCharm is that I am mostly interested in bug fixes regarding the stub generation, so first I have to invalidate caches, then remove the relevant parts of the profile and only then unpack the new version + wait for half an hour for all my stubs to regenerate. The overhead has nothing to do with the process of unpacking the archive per se.
 5. Andru says:
 I'm new in Python. Sorry, why same python scripts named *.egg? Thank you!
 6. Tomas says:
 Nice. Worked with simple example. When I tried to debug celeryd worker I got this error:
 File "/home/tcirip/Development/celery/env-2.6.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/celery/utils/__init__.py", line 322, in instantiate
 return get_cls_by_name(name)(*args, **kwargs)
 File "/home/tcirip/Development/celery/env-2.6.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/celery/apps/worker.py", line 95, in __init__
 self._isatty = sys.stdout.isatty()
 AttributeError: IORedirector instance has no attribute 'isatty'
 sys.out is pydev.pydevd_io.IORedirector has not isatty() implemented.
 Any suggestions?
 Tomas
 7. John says:
 using django-celery I am finding the the worker is lost
 8. Dima Q says:
 I have a bunch of long-running python processes deployed. Is there are a ready-made solution to include the debug server/agent into my process and have pycharm connect to the agent later?
 For now I'll probably hack up some socket listener that starts debug agent when it receives a connection on magic port, or perhaps a magic signal.
 9. Jay Martin says:
 I'm a noob – been developing a django app that will need to catch a PayPal IPN message so I think I need to start the django app in apache (vs debug) and use remote debugging. I have never deployed a django app so that may be what I don't understand about the instructions above, but what exactly does step 3 above "Update script to start debugger client" mean? What script?
 10. Ken says:
 How would this work over ssh? Do you have to setup ssh tunneling?
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Or, The Problem Of Depression And Violence In Finland
It happened just a few hours after I have posted my previous article about Finland: In Kauhajoki, Finland, a Finnish gunman ran amok killing several students in a classroom. This horror echoes last November 11, 2007 's student shooting -also at a classroom in Finlandwhich is known as the "Jokela High school Massacre" in the town of Tuusula. It sounds paradoxical as we have just been praising the Finnish educational system and economy. But one thing is clear that these student shootings are not part and parcel of the educational program of Finland. But the question is why does such drama happen in such an educated society? Education is just one aspect of the Finnish society, it is not everything, it's a great accomplishment yet is not a panacea, a cure-all medicine of the ills of the society. This incident brings us rather to the nature and culture (upbringing) of the Finnish men and women as they went through the tunnel of time and experience. We mentioned the high rate of suicide and alcoholism in Finland, and this was already a problem even before their economic boom. The World Health Organization's Survey of 2003 showed that "at 26.6 per 100 000 population in 1993, the Finnish suicide rate was by far the highest among the reference countries…" Suicide is a form of self-inflicted violence, and when this act involves other persons than oneself (take others with you, so to speak), then it is called extended suicide, a phenomenon observed in many industrialized countries. In trying to answer the root cause of this suicide phenomenon we must go back to the individual Finn and find a trait that could give us a clue which relates to this destructive behavior. The historian Anthony Upton, concurs that even in the 19th century "Finland was understood to be two to three times more violent than Western European countries". Statistics show that the Finnish suicide problem is higher among the finnish male. Common sense will therefore tell us that Finnish men are more violent than women since suicide is by definition a form of violence. A study conducted by the Finnish sociologist Johanna Kantola confirms Upton's statement when she found out that domestic violence in Finland has also the highest rate in Western Europe. Finnish men are indeed violent, with 40 % of women being victims of their violent men, as her study has shown. Violent behavior is a negative indicator of psychosocial-well being, which means that not all but many Finnish men are unhappy and do not find socially adequate means of expressing their emotions. This is mostly the result of the social perception of the role of men in Finland (as in other cultures as well)-that of being like a Viking, hardened and strong, shielded from the attacks of the outside, no display of emotions. This is the weakness of their firewall system for nothing can come out anymore thus resulting to emotional suffocation, leading the system to break from within due to this accumulated pressure. The result is violenceeither in form of direct suicide, indirect suicide (as excessive alcoholism and drug addiction) and/or domestic violence.The demand of a high-performance society is intense and this alone can cause depressions due to stress, mobbing, failures and broken relationships. You add to that the effect of the weather and climate, which in Finland is characterized by freezing temperatures and darkness for extended periods-not really a balsam for the soulthen you have the perfect ingredients of producing depression. The formula is simple: depression (seasonal, reactive or endogenous) combined with inward violence plus alcohol and modern drugs, mixed all together in a stressed body and frustrated soul, result to Finns mostly hurting their partners, killing themselves and others (extended suicide )- a story we know also from Japan or even Switzerland.
Free education, industrialisation and economic boom have also their price: people, especially young people, are put under high pressure. In Finland-as in the Philippineswomen outnumber men when it comes to attaining tertiary education. This fact makes the men understandably uneasy and in Finland with such a "macho" Viking past, men are placed under intense pressure. This adds more fuel to their violence inside. Entering a university is not at all easy even if it's free of tuition; a student must bring the necessary high scholastic qualifications and competition among students is high. For this reason, it is not surprising that many Finns go abroad to study. These successive school massacres in Finland is already an indicator of young men's frustration and violent attitude towards their educational institutions. However, these two recent Amok in Finland represent only the few extreme cases. Idealism (right-extremism) seemed also to have played a crucial role in both incidents. This time it's an example not worthy of imitation.


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Samurai sword found in attic, newly discovered mass grave may hold Viking army, ancient stone tools may rewrite human history.
Rare 12th Century Samurai Sword Found In Attic
If you've ever thought that your attic was just full of old junk, you may want to think again.
A rusty blade pulled from an attic decades ago was just revealed to be one of the oldest Japanese samurai swords in existence.
Discover more here.
Mass Grave May Hold Evidence Of Viking's Storied Grand Heathen Army
For centuries, stories have told of the Viking's Grand Heathen Army that conquered cities in what's now England during the ninth century. But the archaeological evidence just wasn't there.
But a recently discovered mass grave may just hold bones that prove the existence of the Grand Heathens, according to a new study.
Dig deeper at HISTORY.
Discovery Of Ancient Stone Tools Could Rewrite Human History
In many ways, the history of early humans tools is the history of early humans. The development of our ancestors' tools reveals a wealth of telling information about how they lived and how they evolved into modern human beings.
Now, a new discovery of ancient stone tools in India could drastically alter much of what we thought we knew about early human development. Namely, these shockingly well-developed tools could prove that humans migrated out of Africa far earlier than experts thought.
Learn why at Smithsonian.


The High Cost of Living — 2
The cost of living is high in India, as I mentioned the last time.
The dominant theme around where I live in Kalyani Nagar in Pune is one of massive construction. Multistoried residential buildings, shopping centers and office complexes are sprouting with astonishing rapidity. Despite the increase in the quantity supplied of floor space, the quantity demanded is growing even faster. This is evidenced by the fact that the price per square foot of built up space is growing at an astonishing 30 percent or more per year.
Right around the corner, the going rate is now around Rs 4,000 per square foot (or around $100 per square foot.) How expensive is that? Depends on who is paying, of course. Around the construction sites, hundreds of workers toil away ceaselessly. They earn around Rs 70 a day. I figured that to them, the per square foot cost is 2 months' worth of earnings. Thus if about 800 square foot of space is reasonable for a family of four, the average laborer on the construction site would have to work for about 1600 months, or about 133 years to just be able to afford to buy the place. Imagine having to work for over one hundred years to be able to buy an apartment.
Of course, one needs more than just floor space in a building to live. There is food, clothing, utilities, and other needs such as medical, educational, entertainment, and so on. Taken together, all of these have a cost and they add up.
Time is a great measure for all sorts of things once you have an invariant in hand. For measuring distances, the speed of light provides an invariant measure. Thus, you can say that the sun is about 8 light minutes away and the nearest galaxy to the Milky Way, the Andromeda galaxy, is about 2.5 million light years away.
Costs can be measured in terms of time, provided we have an invariant. In our case, we really don't have an invariant because the time to earn a unit of money varies from person to person, and from region to region. However, there is already a measure of average incomes in a specific location. That is the total production of final goods and services measured in monetary terms over a year for a specific collective of people that is called the gross domestic product (GDP). GDP divided by the number of people gives you the GDP per capita.
GDP per capita is a handy "local invariant" of sorts. India's GDP per capita is about $450 per year. In a sense, you can say that the average person earns $450 a year and that is a local invariant. Now if something costs $450, then one may say that it costs one year. The "Per capita GDP Time Equivalent of Cost" is what I am provisionally proposing, or PGTEC. (The stress is on the word "provisionally.") The units are time: so you could measure PGTECs in hours, days, months, years, and life times.
I can now denote the cost of an 800 sq foot apartment in my neighborhood for a laborer as 200 years. Since the working life of an average person (given the life expectancy of about 65 years and a productive life of about 40 years), the cost of the apartment would be five laborer lifetimes. Astounding.
What good is the PGTEC measure? Well, for one thing, it is easy to understand and compare costs across regions. The median house in the US costs around $70,000. And the per capita GDP is around $23,000. So the average house cost in terms of PGTEC is 3 years. Compare that to 200 years in India. India is therefore about 70 times more expensive than the US when it comes to housing.
OK, I am cheating. The cost of the house in my neighborhood in Pune is not really representative in the sense that on average an 800 sq foot apartment in India would probably cost half of that. But you get the idea. The average house in India would cost in terms of PGTEC about 100 years or so. (The actual numbers I leave to bean counters; I am not one. So there.)
It makes sense to distinguish between tradeables and non-tradeables. Tradeables are those things that can be transported from one location to another. For instance, gasoline is a tradeable while haircuts and baby-sitting are not. The price of tradeables in a specific location is the same the world over once you account for transportation costs and other barriers that add to the price such as taxes.
Let's take the cost of a tradeable such as gasoline. Gas in the US costs $3 per gallon. That is, PGTEC cost of gas is around one hour in the US. In India, gas costs about Rs 200 per gallon. Translated into PGTECs, the cost is 72 hours. Gas (or petrol as it is called in India) is 72 times more expensive in India than in the US.
Now you may have heard that a haircut is cheap in India. Let's do the numbers. In India, a haircut costs Rs 20, or about three hours in PGTECs. In the US, it costs $15 which in PGTECs is an hour and a half. So strictly speaking, a haircut in the US is cheaper for an American compared to a haircut for an Indian in India.
Let's go to travel. In India, the cost of a round trip air ticket between Mumbai and Delhi is Rs 14,000 average. PGTEC cost is 240 days. The cost of a round trip between NYC and San Francisco is around $400 – a distance twice that of between Mumbai and Delhi. A bit of arithmetic reveals the equivalent to the Mumbai-Delhi deal would cost an American 3 days. Roughly air travel is 80 times as costly in India than in the US.
The other night I made the mistake of going to a Pizza Hut in my neighborhood. A medium size pizza costs Rs 300 which in PGTEC terms is 4 days or 48 hours. In the US, the average medium pizza (much larger than the one in India) costs $10, which in PGTECs is only 2 hours. A Pizza hut pizza in India is therefore about 24 times more expensive in India than in the US.
I have done some back of the envelope calculations and it appears that India is many times more expensive than the US in pretty much any goods and services I measure. This should not come as a surprise to anyone who has observed that Indians can afford a lot less stuff (goods and services) than Americans can. Basically, the cost of any good is the time that you have to spend to produce an equivalent amount of stuff so that you can exchange it for that good. Indians on average produce less stuff per unit of time and therefore they can buy less stuff per unit of time as compared to Americans.
In the next posting, I will explore the implications of this measure and perhaps detail out why the PGTEC is a better measure than the PPP (purchasing power parity) measure.
Until then, goodbye, goodnight and may your god go with you.
Categories: Random Draws
17 replies
 1. Great post, Atanu.
 I have a question.
 How is it different from expressing cost as a percentage of average income (per capita GDP)?
 Let's say, PPCI (percentage of per capita income)
 Of course, cost of some goods/services might reduce to 0.000001%
 But you can always use Per Capita Income Per Day in such cases.
 PGTEC is objective. But, what are the other benefits?
 2. I think this PGTEC measure is sound,Atanu. The only caveat being that GDP per se is a one meausure of economic output and can fail to capture non-monetised services like that of housewives, etc. Also, as an example, as opposed to the US I would imagine that sons working in small business owned by their fathers in India might not get paid a real wage. So does this distort our GDP measure? It will be good to hear from you about this too.
 3. Dear Atanu,
 Great fun reading this post! I am not an economist, so I lack prerequisite information for critical analysis. But a question (excuse, if naive): To what extent is the GDP sensitive to processes that determine costs/prices? The basic concern is that a measure like PGTEC should be immune to details of underlying processes. In other words I am unable to see the invariance of GDP very clearly. If I have to RTFM, I'll appreciate a few pointers, maybe offline, if you please.
 – Abhijat
 4. There's a US-only post using this same approach here:
 Another interesting parameter is the rate that things are getting better. While there is no doubt people in the US have more "stuff", the rate of improvement, or at least people's expectations for the rate of improvement, may be more important for personal happiness. Growth rates in India have pulled ahead. …just a thought…
 5. Atanu,
 The numbers you have used seem off significantly (call me a bean counter but its important to be one to spot HUGE errors). India's GDP per capita is actually 736 dollars (CIA factbook). Also, a decent house for four can be had for about 8 lakhs (not 32 lakhs) – you should agree because clearly $70,000=approx 30 lak


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At WMed, we recognize and encourage the continuous expression, development, and representation of the uniqueness of all individuals. Inclusiveness is defined as valuing diversity and fostering respect for all individuals and points of view without judgment, bias or stereotype. WMed is committed to fostering an environment that is inclusive, trusting, open and draws upon the collective strength of the diversity of our students, residents, fellows, faculty, and staff. We are dedicated to a culture that facilitates the increased understanding of – and appreciation for – the diverse backgrounds, inherent worth and dignity of each and every individual. We strive to promote and recognize the strength that comes from individuals working together to achieve worthy goals and the medical school seeks always to remove any barriers that may exist to achieving our culture of inclusiveness.
WMed is committed to fostering a learning environment that:
- Values diversity and inclusiveness as being integral to the humanistic practice of medicine, an enriched educational environment, discovery and scholarship that addresses the needs of diverse communities, and meaningful community service
- Welcomes a diverse body of faculty, students and staff from all segments of society to enhance the learning experiences of all learners
- Celebrates human diversity and cultural pluralism through inclusiveness, acceptance, mutual respect, and empowerment
- Delivers excellent clinical care with equity
- Appreciates diversity of experiences, perspectives, ideas, contributions, talents, and goals
As part of that continuous commitment to diversity and inclusiveness, the medical school's Office of Health Equity and Community Affairs has undertaken several initiatives aimed at supporting and engaging WMed faculty, staff, residents, and medical students. Some of those activities – present and future – include:
Active Citizenship: During the first and second year of medical school, WMed students actively work with an organization in the Kalamazoo community to enhance and change the perspectives of those who may be different than us. This can include race, religion, ethnicity, gender, gender identity, education, work experience, and values.
Day of Service: First-year students at WMed get a chance to spend a day in the Kalamazoo community giving back. The organizations where students lend their time are those that serve and contribute to the underserved or underrepresented. Students value the experience and say it helps them gain knowledge about individuals who come from different backgrounds and it helps develop a keen awareness of the different patient populations they will serve and provide care to as physicians.
Minority Association of Pre-Med Students at WMU (MAPS): The Minority Association of Pre-Med Students at WMU is an organization committed to creating a supportive network for underrepresented premedical students and increasing the number of culturally and socially competent physicians. Students interact with physicians and medical students and hear from those who have walked the "walk." Students also gain more knowledge from current medical students and the their journey to become a physician.
Health Summit: The inaugural Health Summit will be held in 2017 at WMed's W.E. Upjohn M.D. Campus. The event will include objectives and break-out sessions on several topics, including promoting social justice, understanding people's life experiences, community resources and understanding implicit bias, among others.
Pipeline programs: The mission of WMed's pipeline programs for second graders and 10th graders from Kalamazoo Public Schools is to foster a platform for medical students to teach and design interactive learning experiences to help the younger students develop leadership, team-building and problem-solving skills.
The Early Introduction to Health Careers (EIH) initiative is led by students with a passion for addressing the educational achievement gaps that present a barrier to diversity in health professions.
Part of our efforts at WMed include working with elementary and high school students of disadvantaged backgrounds in Kalamazoo to foster science and health career aspirations through an innovative mini-medical school curriculum designed by WMed students, who also act as mentors for the program.


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