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for (Christian) marrying, it is essential that I should not be already married with a wife living, sane and "undivorced", and so on (Austin, 1962)
If "undivorced" implies married, what does that sentence mean?
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4 Answers
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Undivorced does not simply mean'married'. It means never having been divorced.
To clarify, the following people are "undivorced":
 - A person who has never married.
 - A person still married to their first spouse.
 - A person who had once been married, but who had that marriage annulled.
 - A person who had once been married, but whose spouse died while they were still married.
 - A person currently married to someone, after a previous annulment or widowing.
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The sentence refers to all the impediments to marriage which Christians must avoid for the marriage to be legal and binding. It gives illustrative examples (already having a wife, having an ex-wife, and being of sound mind).
There are two kinds of impediments to marriage. The examples in the sentence are all of the more serious kind, diriment (separating) impediments, which cause a marriage to be null and void in the view of the church. The other kind, prohibitory impediments, are those which do not nullify a marriage, but cause it to violate church law.
Diriment impediments
A marriage is null and void in the view of the church if, at the time of marriage, one of the parties is:
 - a child or permanently impotent
 - bound by an unbreakable religious obligation of chastity
 - unbaptized
 - already married (even if divorced)
 - a close relative
 - unconsenting (e.g., forced, insane, confused, mistaken)
 - guilty of the murder of the other party's spouse or of adultery with the promise of marriage
A marriage is also null and void if contracted without the blessing of the church or without witnesses, or if the marriage contract includes conditions which are incompatible with marriage (such as a promise of divorce).
Prohibitory impediments
A marriage violates church law if it violates:
 - a betrothal
 - a simple vow of chastity
 - ecclesiastical prohibition
 - the ecclesiastical calendar
A marriage also violates church law if one of the parties is a baptized Christian of a different denomination.
Basis in Semitic and Roman law
In brief, these impediments go back to Semitic and Roman law. Many can be considered social custom, but some arise from the Jewish religious view of marriage as an irreversible union of flesh:
[A] man leaves his father and mother and clings to his wife, and the two of them become one body.
Genesis 2:24 (NAB)
Any union of the flesh creates a valid marriage in the eyes of God. This is why the Jewish law obliges a rapist to pay the bride price and treat the victim as his wife:
Deuteronomy 22:28–29 (NAB)
Denominational differences
Denominational differences render some of these impediments moot. For example, some Protestant denominations do not sanction vows of chastity, establish an ecclesiastical calendar which prohibits marriage at certain times of the year, or prohibit interdenominational unions.
The Catholic Encyclopedia. Entries I consulted: "Canonical Impediments", "Clandestinity", "Council of Trent", "Espousals", "Ligamen", "Vows".
Webster's Online Dictionary. Entries I consulted: "diriment", "dirempt".
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"prohibits marriage at certain times of the year": like Labor day? – Mitch Aug 21 '12 at 17:14
_USER_: "Forbidden times (tempus clausum, tempus feriatum). […] These forbidden periods, though formerly much longer, were reduced by the Council of Trent (Sess. XXIV, cap. x, 'De Reform. Matrim.') to the two following times: from Advent to the Epiphany, and from Ash Wednesday to Low Sunday." —The Catholic Encyclopedia, "Canonical Impediments". – MετάEd Aug 21 '12 at 17:17
For the Roman Catholic Church, certain of those impediments are no longer in effect, or not to the extent stated above, e.g. regarding interfaith marriage. – Mark Beadles Aug 21 '12 at 18:19
_USER_ Yes, from personal experience I can confirm that the church often turns a blind eye to impediments. Due to my Quaker upbringing I was never baptized. Regardless, I was not considered an infidel and was married by a priest. – MετάEd Aug 21 '12 at 18:28
Even what the Council of Trent stated must have been modified in practice; I know more than one couple who got married (according to Catholic faith and church) on December 26 or similar dates. – Paola Sep 6 '12 at 18:12
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In The Bible Jesus at one point (Matthew 19:9) basically says that marrying a divorced person is no different than adultery. Based on this, many devout Christians don't (and particularly 50 years ago didn't) believe in the validity of divorce. As far as they are concerned, once you are married you are married until one of the pair dies, no matter what the state says.
So what this is saying is that the person in question would not be an acceptable person if they've been divorced.
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+1 For the contextvery interesting – ngmiceli Aug 21 '12 at 16:27
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The word undivorced here refers not to'me' but to 'a wife'. After a wedding, the (hypothetical) person Austin married remains his wife lifelong. However, both civil and church law in 1962 allowed in certain circumstances for divorce, and for a marriage to be annulled in the case of incurable insanity (in which case of course she could not consent to a divorce). So it appears that Austin is drawing a distinction between married in the sense of 'having taken part in a wedding' (which might include widowers, those married to the insane, "and so on") and in the sense of 'in a state of Christian marriage'.
Without reading the book, I'm unsure whether he puts inverted commas round undivorced because the validity of divorce is questionable (as T.E.D. says), or simply because it was a neologism in the 1960s.
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text: heresay?grapevine? I will gladly try to aide you in your education regarding the ramapough nation. During what time frame are your talking grapes saying that we claimed squatters rights? check wm bonds ramapo map dated 4/25/1710.It clearly shows our big houses, where the sheraton crossroads now stands.there were 3 indiann settlements there.Also, the archaeological evidence supports our oral history!30 sites have been documented that demonstrate we occupied our present homelands during the contact-early historic period, i.e. from 1600A.D.to 1750 A.D. The physical remoteness of the mts, and sparse euro settlement enabled small indian groups to remain in the region and cont. our lifeways during the 17, & 18 centuries. our mts served as a refugium for indians.In 1990 (non indian)"discovered" one of our ancestors petroglyphs on Hemlock hill, in Harriman st. pk. what a surprise??????

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Optimum Design of Thin Walled Structures.
Final scientific rept. 1 Jun 72-31 May 73,
CRANFIELD INST OF TECH (ENGLAND) DEPT OF AIRCRAFT DESIGN
Pagination or Media Count:
The research program relating to the optimum design of thin walled structures is a broadly based effort which reflects the continuing interest of the Aircraft Design Division in fundamental aspects of the analysis and design of highly efficient structures for aero-space applications. Topics briefly discussed include the following Post-buckled design, design of shear webs foam stabilised plates compression panel design including plasticity effects.


Field("spryTitle", "none", {validateOn:["blur"]});
</script>
</body>
</html>
Goos
03-10-2012, 05:52 PM
You're adding an empty row to your initial table.
if (!document.getElementById(tableID)) {
var body = document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0];
var tbl = document.createElement("table");
var tblBody = document.createElement("tbody");
var newRow = document.createElement("tr");
tblBody.appendChild(newRow);
tbl.appendChild(tblBody);
body.appendChild(tbl);
tbl.setAttribute("id", "dataTable");
tbl.setAttribute("border", "0");
};
When the line:
var chkbox = row.cells[0].childNodes[0];
is executed for row[0], there is no rows[0].cells[0], which results in an error.
MaDmiX
03-10-2012, 05:55 PM
Goos,
Thanks for catching that. I removed the lines that handle the var newRow and the script works perfectly now. If I may indulge you a bit more, I need to add a function to essentially do the reverse. That is take the cell data from a row and place it in the text fields (deleting the row) so the user can make changes and then click a button that would replace this data in the same row index (I think that is the correct term). I have a basic idea of how to accomplish this:
1. I can call my deleteRow function and wrap it in an if statement to make sure that the user can only update one row at a time.
2. I know how to copy the text field contents to my cells using the .value property. I can do the reverse to get the cell contents to the text fields.
The only place I am stuck is how to get the updated data back in the same place in the table as before. Can you offer some sugestions or maybe point me to some resources that would help with this?
Thanks again,
Ken
MaDmiX
03-12-2012, 03:52 AM
I worked out this function but the only thing that seems to not be working is the line:
chkbox=false;
Can someone help me with the proper syntax to make the checkbox become unchecked after the row is updated?
Thanks in advance.
Ken
function updateRow(tableID) {
if (document.getElementById(tableID)) {
//alert("the table exists");
var StartTime = document.getElementById('StartTime');
var EndTime = document.getElementById('EndTime');
var MaterialID = document.getElementById('MaterialID');
var Title = document.getElementById('Title');
try {
var table = document.getElementById(tableID);
var rowCount = table.rows.length;
for(var i=0; i<rowCount; i++) {
var row = table.rows[i];
var chkbox = row.cells[0].childNodes[0];
if(null != chkbox && true == chkbox.checked) {
//table.deleteRow(i);
chkbox=false;
row.cells[1].childNodes[0].value=StartTime.value;
StartTime.value="";
row.cells[2].childNodes[0].value=EndTime.value;
EndTime.value="";
row.cells[3].childNodes[0].value=MaterialID.value;
MaterialID.value="";
row.cells[4].childNodes[0].value=Title.value;
Title.value="";
rowCount--;
i--;
}
}
}catch(e) {
alert(e);
}
}
}
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OP07 Sensory impairments and mortality in older british community-dwelling men: a 10-year follow-up study
 1. AEM Liljas1,
 2. SG Wannamethee1,
 3. PH Whincup2,
 4. O Papacosta1,
 5. K Walters1,
 6. S Iliffe1,
 7. LT Lennon1,
 8. LA Carvalho3,
 9. SE Ramsay1
 2. 2Population Health Research Centre, St George's, University of London, London, UK
Background Sensory impairment is common in old age and associated with morbidity. However few studies have investigated the impact of sensory impairment on long-term cause-specific mortality risks in older adults. We explored the association between impairments in hearing and vision and the risk of mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-causes over 10 years.
Methods A socioeconomically representative cohort of 3981 men from 24 British towns was followed up from 2003 to 2013. Hearing impairment was defined by self-reported data on hearing aid use and ability to follow television at a volume acceptable to others and categorised into: could hear (no hearing impairment), could hear with aid, could not hear and no aid, and could not hear despite aid. Vision impairment was defined as not being able to recognise a friend across a road. Dual sensory impairment was defined as reporting poor vision and any of the three groups of hearing impairment. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for mortality.
Results During follow-up, 1463 deaths including 308 CHD deaths and 408 CVD deaths occurred. Men who reported not being able to hear and not using a hearing aid had increased risks of all-cause mortality (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.01, 1.40) and CVD mortality (age-adjusted HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.02, 1.85). Vision impairment (HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.31, 2.13) and dual sensory impairment (HR 1.89, 95% CI 1.35, 2.65) were also associated with all-cause mortality, but not with CVD mortality. Only the association of vision impairment with all-cause mortality remained significant after adjustment for social class, obesity, smoking, physical inactivity, diabetes and prevalent CVD. Sensory impairments were not associated with CHD mortality.
Conclusion Older men with hearing impairment, vision impairment and dual sensory impairment have an increased risk of all-cause mortality over 10 years. Hearing impaired older men also have an increased risk of CVD mortality. Our findings suggest that the associations between hearing impairment and mortality are explained by social class and behavioural factors, while vision impairment appears to be independently associated with all-cause mortality. Further research is warranted on the possible mechanisms of mortality in visually impaired older adults.
 - ageing
 - mortality
 - sensory impairments
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Passing Multiple Values to Methods
You can pass more than one value over to your methods. Add the following method to your MyMethods class:
A Java method with two parameters
All this method does is to print something out. Between the round brackets of the method name we have two values, a String variable called aString and an int variable called aVal. When we call this method, we need a string first and then a number. Try to do it the other way round and you'll get error messages.
Go back to your TestMethods class and make the following call to the method:
test1.print_text( "The value was ", aVal2 );
Again, the print_text method should show up on the NetBeans popup list.
Method added to the list
The values (parameters) that we specified are between the round brackets, along with the return method, void.
But your main coding window should now look like this:
The whole of the Java code from our Main method
The two values that we are passing over are separated by a comma. Notice that the value inside of aVal2 is being passed over. However, the variable name inside of the round brackets of print_text is called aVal. Although the two variable names are different, this doesn't matter. What you are doing is passing values over to the method. So the variable aVal will end up with the same value as aVal2.
If you run your programme now, you should see the following in the Output window:
Output window
We'll leave methods there for the time being. We'll be writing more methods as we go along, so you should get plenty of practice. The next section is about Classes - Object Oriented Programming.
<-- Parameters | Writing your own Java Classes -->
Back to the Java Contents Page


text:
The Shrine of Alençon welcomes you every day of the jubilee year. Come discover, alone or in a group, the different places where the Martin Family lived by participating in an event, by gathering in the chapel, or by following the footsteps of the holy Martin spouses throughout the city.
The Shrine exists thanks to the offerings of the pilgrims and to the generosity of its sponsors. It also operates thanks to the many volunteers who donate their time.
There are many means available for you to help the shrine:
- You can serve as a volunteer for one or many events or for some specific tasks.
- You can sustain us financially by giving on a regular basis or from time to time to the various projects of the Shrine.
- You can pass along the information by spreading the means of communication of the Shrine through social media in your parish.
- You can pray for the intentions of the Shrine and for all the pilgrims who come to gather there.
Jubile of Saints Louis and Zelie : we talk about it !
Saints Louis and Zelie lived holiness in the ordinary life of a married couple and a family. Their exemple show us how to go deeper in our prayer life.
Resources to download and share.
What is a jubilee?
A jubilee is a great celebration in the Catholic Church that celebrates an event, a particular anniversary.
It was Pope Boniface VIII who inaugurated the first jubilee of history in the year 1300. History shows with what enthusiasm the people of God have always lived the jubilee years, seeing in them a circumstance where the invitation of Jesus to conversion is heard more intensely. We remember especially the last jubilee of Mercy (2015-2016) or that of the Year 2000.
In the same way that the Pope inaugurates Jubilees for the Universal Church, each bishop can do it, on the occasion of a particular celebration, in his diocese.
Why a jubilee at Alençon ?
Alençon is first and foremost the wedding site of Saints Louis and Zélie: after having met in Alençon on the Sarthe bridge in the spring of 1858, they were married at the city hall on July 12 at 10 pm and at midnight at the Church of Notre-Dame (now Basilica).
It was then in Alençon that the nine children of the Martin family were born. It is after all the place of family life until the death of Zélie in 1877.
The Church wanted to give Saints Louis and Zélie Martin as an example to all the couples and families of today: it is for this reason that they were canonized by Pope Francis, just two years ago, on October 18, 2015. This is the first married couple canonized together in the history of the Church.
This jubilee of the 160th anniversary of their marriage will give all the faithful the opportunity to discover the lives of Saints Louis and Zélie at the very places where they lived. Pilgrims will be able to receive the special graces related to each Jubilee Year.
This jubilee will also give more opportunity to know about Saints Louis and Zélie. Given that they are the parents of St. Therese of Lisieux, the illustrious « greatest saint of modern times » (St. Pope Pius X), the Christian people are invited to discover further the life of this couple that is still little known.
Receive the Plenary Indulgence
A plenary indulgence is a grace offered by God for one-self or for someone deceased. It will be possible to receive it at the Shrine of Alençon during the Jubilee Year. It is a reparation, a removal of all of the temporal punishment due to sin.
In order to receive it, the faithful must be in a state of grace, be disposed interiorly to the complete detachment from sin; to have confessed, to have received the Holy Eucharist, to pray for the intentions of the Holy Father, and to make a pious pilgrimage to the Shrine of Alençon during the Jubilee Year.


Reports
Spontaneous diabetes in rats: destruction of islets is prevented by immunological tolerance
Science 18 Sep 1981:
Vol. 213, Issue 4514, pp. _PHONE_
DOI: 10.1126/science._PHONE_
Abstract
Spontaneous diabetes occurring in "BB" rats (derived from a colony of outbred Wistar rats) is the result of destruction of pancreatic islets by infiltrating mononuclear cells (insulitis) and may be a disease very similar to human juvenile onset diabetes. Both diseases probably have an autoimmune etiology. Evidence is presented that islets transplanted to diabetic BB rats are destroyed by the original disease process. Inoculation of bone marrow from normal (nondiabetes-susceptible) rat donors into neonatal BB recipients usually prevented the development of hyperglycemia.


text:
Our next exciting HL2C/SLLAT seminar will take place on Wednesday 1st June 2022, from 12 noon to 1pm (Dublin, Edinburgh, Lisbon, London).
Yvonne Foley (Edinburgh)
Diverse Critical Literacies: Pedagogies of Recognition
How to join:
Our seminars are free to attend. Simply sign up to the HL2C Mailing List to receive the link to join us via Microsoft Teams link. You do not need a Teams account to access the talk.
There are increasing numbers of pupils learning English as an Additional Language (EAL) in schools in the United Kingdom. In excess of a million pupils across UK schools currently speak one or more languages in addition to English, many of whom are refugees fleeing war and violence. There are very few papers that report on research that explores the diverse accounts of pupils learning EAL and their experiences in schooling contexts. Their voices remain silent. This study sought to begin to address those gaps by exploring how teachers draw on critical literacy practices to engage in identity work with their pupils.
This paper will present initial findings from a case study that set out to foreground a linguistically diverse group of EAL learners' own voices about their identities and their school experiences as they develop literacies within an English-medium environment. A secondary focus of attention investigated how teaching staff within that context perceived the current situation and the needs of EAL learners, along with what they viewed as appropriate responses to these needs as learners constructed their sense of self.
A sociocultural lens was used to examine these perceptions and the interpretation of findings has drawn on recent theorizing on identity, belonging and migration. Interviews and classroom observations were used to address two main questions: how do EAL pupils talk about their sense of self during critical literacy practices? And what identities do teachers make space for during the teaching and learning of literacy in their school and classroom settings?
Initial findings and recommendations about ways in which both learner and teacher perceptions could be used to understand how multilingual identities are formed through the use of critical literacy practices will be discussed.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
MODULE 1 - WIND
What is wind? How do you measure it? Students construct anemometers to measure wind speed, collect data, and compare wind velocity in different locations. This module contains the very basis of sailing knowledge - an awareness of wind and from which direction it is blowing.
MODULE 2 - BUOYANCY
What makes a boat float? What is the basis for a sound hull design? Students test their creative and cooperative skills in this group module which is as fun as it is educational. The fun and learning continues as they put this concept to practical use when sailing on a 420 or a J-22 in our protected marina.
MODULE 3 - SAIL AREA
What shape are sails and why? How do we calculate the area of a triangular sail? What is the perimeter of a sail? Students learn a practical application of the Pythagorean Theorem and a more in-depth understanding of a sail, which is actually a three-dimensional object that creates lift when wind flows around it.
MODULE 6 - MARINE DEBRIS
In this module, students spend time observing and collecting debris on a nearby beach. What appears to be a pristine seashore from a distance actually contains more man-made objects than one can imagine! Students participate in the Rozalia Project by cleaning up and recording marine debris for this national project.
MODULE 7 - UPWIND SAILING ANGLES
Students learn the advantages of tacking a boat at 90 degrees and how they can apply this principle to racing or sailing a boat upwind in optimum fashion.
MODULE 8 - LAND AND SEA BREEZES
Students learn the difference between a land and sea breeze and what causes each to occur. The San Francisco Bay is a perfect venue for this discussion.


text:
So you'd like to dive right into a mystery novel but have no ''clue'' where to start? Mystery fiction is a category of literature which involves solving crimes or puzzles by a process of observation, sleuthing, and the discovery of clues.
Read more about mystery fiction at wikipedia.org
Mystery Fiction Subgenres
* Detective Fiction: features main characters who are either professional private investigators or amateur sleuths.
** Sherlock Holmes novels by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
** Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple novels by Agatha Christie
* Women Detective Fiction: mystery novels in which the protagonists are female.
** Kay Scarpetta novels by Patricia Cornwell
** Stephanie Plum novels by Janet Evanovich
** Kinsey Milhone novels by Sue Grafton
* Cozies (singular: cozy): take place in a small town, country village, or a rural setting.
* Police/Procedural Fiction


_TAG_ Caves
The sandy and rocky beaches hold a special place in the heart of the visitor to Pegeia. The caves have a unique beauty, created by marine erosion, and seals are resting and procreating occasionally. Pegeia's sea caves with the unique sculpted rocks, formed in thousands of years by earth and sea, are a unique marvel of natural beauty, impressing all visitors.
Step by step, the visitor can investigate the entire Sea Caves region, with its rock aisles, its coastal formations and caves, as well as look upon the water element. The corrosive activity of the sea has managed to penetrate and 'eat through' the rocks in time, and create an important natural mosaic.
The landscape is of unique beauty, geological and biological interest, while high, rocky beaches have been formed at some points of the bay, sometimes reaching a height of 20 meters.
The dispersed islets make the visitor's gaze wander between the land, the rock and the sea…


text:
Mathä, Thomas Y. Porpiglia, Alessandro Ziegelmeyer, Michael
Year of Publication:
ECB Working Paper 1672
Crossing borders, be it international or regional, often go together with price, wage or indeed wealth discontinuities. This paper identifies substantial wealth differences between Luxembourg resident households and cross-border commuter households despite their similar incomes. The average (median) net wealth difference is estimated to be €367,000 (€129,000) and increases for higher percentiles. Using several different regression and decomposition techniques, spatial (regional) differences in real estate price developments, and thus differences in accumulated nominal capital gains are shown to be one main driving factor for these wealth differences. Other factors contributing to the observed wealth differences are differences in age, income, education and other household characteristics.
cross-border commuting household survey real estate price dynamics wealth


Article sponsored by NewzEngine.com
Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Olivia Murphy, Postdoctoral research fellow in English, University of Sydney
A documentary from the Smithsonian Institute, examining new DNA and physical anthropology evidence, suggests the famous cavalry officer Casimir Pulaski (_PHONE_) might have been a woman, or intersex.
Pulaski is a hero of the struggles for Polish and American independence. He is credited with saving George Washington's life in battle and with establishing the first American cavalry force. According to the documentary, DNA testing has confirmed a female-appearing skeleton is indeed Pulaski's. This new evidence is the first hint that Pulaski – who seems to have lived as male from childhood – was anything other than a cisgendered man.
We may never know if Pulaski was intersex (that is, his body didn't fit neatly into either male or female categories) and did not question his gender. Or if he was, in fact, born female but chose to live as a man.
In either case, Pulaski would be the most senior military officer we know of to have female anatomical characteristics before the late 20th century. But he certainly wouldn't have been the only one on the battlefield.
The history of intersex men and women is one that requires more research. The lives of intersex people have often been made invisible throughout history. I hope that when more evidence comes to light Pulaski can be claimed as an inspirational intersex hero.
We know quite a bit, however, about women dressing as men and joining the military in the 18th and 19th centuries. There were famous women such as the British marine Hannah Snell (c._PHONE_) who, disguising herself as James Gray, signed up to fight in Scotland against the Jacobite invasion of 1745. Snell was later wounded trying to capture a French colony in India.
After revealing her gender, she was granted a pension by the king and made a living performing military exercises on stage. She also briefly kept a pub called "The Female Warrior".
A portrait of Hannah Snell, circa 1750. Wikimedia Commons
In contrast to Snell's self-promoting confidence, the Anglo-Irish military physician James Barry (c._PHONE_) kept the secret of his female birth all his life. Dressing as a man, Barry completed medical studies in Edinburgh and went on to have a long and distinguished career. Only after Barry's death was his sex discovered.
"William Brown" was the name taken by a black woman from Edinburgh who served aboard HMS Queen Charlotte from 1804 until after 1816, through the end of the Napoleonic Wars. She exhibited "all the traits of a British tar (slang for a sailor) and takes her grog with her messmates", according to a contemporary report.
The discovery of Brown's sex by her crew doesn't seem to have interrupted her career: she re-enlisted on the same ship after news broke that she was female.
Then there is the story of Jeanne Baré, who was not a soldier, but became the first woman known to have circumnavigated the globe (1766-69). She dressed in men's clothes to work as an assistant to Philibert Comerçon (she may also have been Commerçon's mistress), who was the botanist to French admiral and explorer Louis Antoine de Bougainville.
Portrait of Jeanne Barret (_PHONE_) by Cristoforo Dall'Acqua (_PHONE_). Wikimedia Commons
Baré was found out when the ships made it to Tahiti. While she had passed as a man with the crew, her disguise didn't fool the Tahitians, who pointed her out to Bougainville.
Why would women disguise themselves as men and join the army and navy? One major reason was that men were paid far better than women. For a working-class woman, despite the dangers of a military or naval career, the money might have looked too good to pass up.
There were prohibitions against women wearing men's clothing in the period, but prosecutions were relatively rare. The army and the navy were desperate for recruits and tended not to inquire too closely. As Snell's career shows, being brazen about one's cross-dressing adventures might be a ticket to a comfortable life.
Young women might also be inspired by the many popular ballads narrating the military and naval careers of cross-dressing women. One, The Ballad of Jack Monroe, exists in several surviving versions:
She went into the tailor shop
And dressed in men's array,
And went into a vessel
To convey herself away.
For women as well as men, joining the army or navy might be a rare opportunity to see the world. For an adventurous spirit, living in disguise may have added to the excitement.
But for many of these cross-dressing adventurers, there must have been one further reason: they just felt more comfortable, more like themselves, fighting and living not only alongside men, but as men.
ref. Adventurous identities: intersex soldiers and cross-dressing women at war – _URL_


text: Groundwater is increasingly exploited for energy production in arid areas globally, which will inevitably disrupt the natural equilibrium of groundwater and the ecological environment. A groundwater flow model for Subei Lake basin, Ordos energy base, was developed and calibrated to predict groundwater levels' variation and the impact of heavy groundwater pumping on the ecological environment for the period 2010–2039 under two different pumping scenarios. Results showed that rainfall infiltration and groundwater evapotranspiration were the major source/sink terms for the groundwater system. The obvious groundwater depression cone will be formed in the production field at the end of 30 years and the maximum drawdown will be 11.70 m if the waterworks maintains the present situation. However, recovery of groundwater level will be obvious and the groundwater depression cone will disappear as a result of the implementation of the water diversion project. The increased volume of groundwater pumping between the two scenarios was derived from storage depletion, the activated lateral inflow, the captured groundwater evapotranspiration, lateral outflow and discharge into Subei Lake. Groundwater pumping from Haolebaoji waterworks has caused the decline of the Subei Lake and the noticeable degradation of phreatophyte.


text:
Numerous moose sightings surprise Minnesota researchersFrom the Boundary Waters, where moose are common, to northwestern Minnesota, where they were thought to be nearly extinct, Minnesotans are reporting more moose sightings than researchers expected.
By: John Myers, Duluth News Tribune
From the Boundary Waters, where moose are common, to northwestern Minnesota, where they were thought to be nearly extinct, Minnesotans are reporting more moose sightings than researchers expected.
More than 500 moose have been reported, and more than 440 locations mapped — backed up by more than 200 photographs — in the 11 months since the University of Minnesota Duluth's Natural Resources Research Institute asked the public to report moose sightings.
Not only are we seeing more moose, we're seeing them in areas outside the traditional moose range, said Ron Moen, a wildlife researcher with the NRRI.
"If we can get this many reports in just 11 months, in so many places we really didn't expect people to see many moose, we probably have more than we think,'' said Moen, noting that 40 percent of the reports have come from outside the area the Minne sota Department of Natural Resources looks for moose during population surveys.
"These reports don't replace (scientific research), but they can help fill in some gaps and offer some new ideas on what we need to do next,'' he said.
While some public wildlife sightings are treated with skepticism, such as reports of cougars that turn out to be dogs or smaller cats, Moen said "it's pretty hard to mistake a moose for anything else.''
The DNR broadly estimates there are about 6,000 moose in the core moose survey area in Cook, Lake and northeastern St. Louis County. But Moen said that number doesn't reflect any moose to the west. And, clearly, there are some moose to the west.
"Minnesota's moose population clearly is larger than the number of moose reported from the annual survey area,'' Moen said. "We really don't know how much larger.''
Yet Mark Lenarz, who heads the DNR's Forest Wildlife Populations and Research Group, called the public reports interesting but of little statistical value.
"If people see a moose in the Boundary Waters, it's something they expect to see, it's not something they would feel compelled to report, so we probably won't get as many reports from there as you might expect,'' he said. "On the other hand, there are so few moose in the northwest now that people are going to be more likely to report it. So any comparison likely isn't very realistic.''
Also, Lenarz said, there are always pockets of moose outside of the usual moose range.
Still, Moen is intrigued by moose sightings in Koochi ching, Itasca, northern Aitkin and western St. Louis Counties, an area where dozens of moose have been reported well outside the traditional moose survey range.
No one knows if moose are hanging on, expanding or declining in that area because they aren't counted there.
About 11 percent of all moose reported by the public have come from northwestern Minnesota, where wildlife managers believed moose were nearly extinct. A combination of factors, likely spurred by rising temperatures over the past 25 years, reduced that area's moose population from more than 4,000 in the 1980s to about 84 animals when the DNR last checked in 2007. That's so few moose that it is impossible to conduct a scientific population survey.
But Moen said there now appears to be pockets of moose hanging on, possibly even increasing, in northwestern Minnesota.
"This clearly isn't scientific. But it gives us some indication that moose are persisting at some level in that area,'' Moen said. "It's not likely that people are seeing half or even 25 percent of the moose up there.... That's 200 animals up there on the low end, and that's double what was last estimated.''
Moen said researchers now should attempt to track moose, using radio or GPS collars, and find out what habitat in northwestern Minnesota is holding the most moose.
"We may able to find out what they are getting in those areas that they couldn't across most of that area and maybe figure out a way to bring them back,'' he said.
Along with the crash of northwestern Minnesota moose, Northeastern Minnesota moose have been gradually declining over the past 10 years. Scientists don't fully know why.
Lenarz said the public sightings aren't enough to determine whether northwestern Minnesota moose may be hanging on. But he said the DNR will go back into the area after five or 10 years and find a way to see if the remaining population is hanging on or increasing.
"We'll go back in, not every year, but at some point to see what's left up there,' Lenarz said. The public reports "may well be different people seeing the same moose.''
The Duluth News Tribune and the Echo Press are owned by Forum Communications Company.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The aim of this research is to document the Triliths in the Ja'alan Bani Bu Hassan area located in the Southern Sharqiyah Governorate in The Sultanate of Oman, which were discovered during the project of "Surveying the western part of the province of Ja'alan" conducted by Researcher in the region between 2010 and 2012. The Triliths were found almost a century ago, but they are still one of the most puzzling and challenging archaeological monuments for archeologists working in the southern Arabian Peninsula. Despite repeated documentation and description by a large number of archaeologists working along the region of Yemen down to the southern foothills of the Hajar Mountain in Oman, only little knowledge has been gained about them, which leaves us unaware of some aspects pertaining to the purpose for which and the time they were constructed, or who constructed them. All the explanations provided for these questions are still speculative, not supported by strong archaeological evidence. The research will examine these Triliths, tracking their excavation history, and attempting to provide explanations for their history, function, distribution, diffusion, forms, types and architectural characteristics.
|Translated title of the contribution
|Triliths in Ja'alan bani Bu Hasan Area, Eastern Region of the Sultanate of Oman
|Number of pages
|Published - 2018


Imagine a classroom with a beamer mounted in the back and the professor standing in the front connecting this notebook to a locally mounted RGB interface instead of directly to the beamer. Most the RGB interfaces have a set of BNC outputs for running long cables and one or more HD15 VGA input to connect a local source.
There are at least two dozen of different interfaces from Extron. Small ones like the 190, bigger ones like the 580, others with multiple inputs like the 203 or multiple outputs like the 164. The cheaper ones start at $20, while the bigger ones can be $100 and more. On eBay just search for "Extron RGB" to get a variety of interfaces listed. All of the interfaces do sync processing and can be used to convert a 480i signal into a 240p one (more on that below), but only some have a vertical picture shift and that is what's needed for tweaking a UVC or Emotia unit.
So, let's focus on the tweaking first: as said above, both the UVC and the Emotia average two input lines into a single output line, but unfortunately they start with line 2 and merge it with line 3. If you imagine classic low-res titles running line-doubled on a 360 (like Mushihimesama Futari or ESPGaluda II in their original arcade modes), lines 1 and 2 are identical and so are 3 and 4 (and so on). Merging lines 2 and 3 on the other hand, causes a certain bluriness and lack of sharpness. Many titles (like Futari) can be adjusted with in-game options: by moving the screen one line up or down, you'll notice a visible increase in sharpness. If your source can't be adjusted, you can use one of the Extron interfaces (with vertical shift) to do this externally. Just put the RGB interface between your source and the UVC/Emotia and shift the signal using the centering controls. This will oh-so magically increase the sharpness of your output a lot!
(output from an Emotia, untweaked on the left, tweaked pixel alignment on the right)
The Extron interfaces can also be used for a completely different approach: using a sync processing dip switch on the back, an incoming 480i RGB signal can be converted to 240p by adding a simple line offset. This simply tells the monitor to remove the line offset between the fields, handling the interlaced fields like progressive frames instead. This is by no means an official feature of those interfaces, but merely an accident, since the units were simply not created for interlaced 15khz signals. There are two caveats though: first this only works on CRTs which don't apply digital processing. It works great on arcade cabs, Sony PVM and BVM sets, most 90s TV sets, but likely not on newer TV sets and not if you want to feed your newly gained 240p signal into another upscaler. Second, if your source isn't a linedoubled 240p title, but a true hi-res game, then the resulting image will be 240p, but it will show a certain amount of flicker. Still much better than actually connecting a 480i source directly to your monitor. Extron RGB interfaces require a clean sync signal, so a sync stripper might be required on the input side. This might sound complicated, but at only $20 for the cheaper interfaces, that's definitely the cheapest way to true 240p on your arcade cab.
The same conversion can be done with a scan converter's 480i output, for example one of the Extron VSC units I talked about above. You route your VGA signal into the scan converter and the scan converter's output into a RGB interface - again resulting in a 240p signal. By using the scan converter's anti flicker controls, the remaining flicker can be eliminated almost completely. Combining a scan converter like a VSC-700 with a RGB interface gets you a powerful combo with a resulting image easily on par with the other machines listed on this page.
(ESPGaluda II - 360 - running through a VSC-700 / RGB 201rxi combo on a Sony BVM monitor)
While it's easy to pick and recommend an upscaler (basically just a question of cash available), it's really hard to pinpoint and recommend a certain down scaling solution. I think the above machines should be split up into two sections: first the two units which can not only output lovely 240p, but also 384p for the best possible hi-res picture on a dual-sync monitor. If you require 24khz, either try to get an Ultracade UVC or buy a Genius II unit. The Genius II has the best "out of the box" quality for 240p output, while the UVC can (and should be) tweaked by adding a RGB interface with vertical shift. While the UVC is extremely hard to find by now, the Genius II is easily available (but at it's price). Emotias or the VSC approach are good for 240p output only.
On the other hand there are the two cheap solutions: first the alternative approach (480i to 240p) by using just a RGB interface and second getting a cheap Emotia unit off eBay (likely without power supply). One's good for converting 480i directly into 240p (which can be nice if your sources are just video game systems and you know what a sync stripper is), while the other's your best shot, if you have a 480p-only source like a PC running MAME. Again the Emotia should be tweaked using a RGB interface with vertical shift. Using a real scan converter like the Emotia is much more versatile though.
If you don't mind using two machines instead of one and possibly already have a RGB interface at home anyway, the newer VSC units do a nice job with their anti-flicker controls and the added 480i to 240p conversion looks almost as good a genuine 240p output an Emotia. Compared to a unit like the Genius II, that's certainly not plug'n'play anymore, but the results are rewarding and price for a VSC / RGB interface combo is rather modest.
If you don't mind the price, the Mimo Genius II is the most advanced unit in the bunch with perfect 240p results and the possibility to drive a 24khz monitor within an arcade cab. If you plan on using any of those down scalers with a consumer TV set, make sure it can be manually set to it's RGB input. None of the units introduced above deliver a switching voltage required by many scart connectors to enable the TV's RGB mode. The neccessary switching voltage can be supplied using an external power supply or a battery. Ask your tech-savy neighbour or your friendly video game board for advice!
Of course I can be reached
via email as well.
(C) Tobias "Fudoh" Reich, 2006~2013
last updated on March 9th, 2013
(this one's a combined counter for this site plus the upscaling page)


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Purchase this article with an account.
Benjamin Wolfe, Lex Fridman, Anna Kosovicheva, Bobbie Seppelt, Bruce Mehler, Bryan Reimer, Ruth Rosenholtz; Predicting road scenes from brief views of driving video. Journal of Vision 2019;19(5):8. doi: _URL_
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© ARVO (_PHONE_); The Authors (2016-present)
If a vehicle is driving itself and asks the driver to take over, how much time does the driver need to comprehend the scene and respond appropriately? Previous work on natural-scene perception suggests that observers quickly acquire the gist, but gist-level understanding may not be sufficient to enable action. The moving road environment cannot be studied with static images alone, and safe driving requires anticipating future events. We performed two experiments to examine how quickly subjects could perceive the road scenes they viewed and make predictions based on their mental representations of the scenes. In both experiments, subjects performed a temporal-order prediction task, in which they viewed brief segments of road video and indicated which of two still frames would come next after the end of the video. By varying the duration of the previewed video clip, we determined the viewing duration required for accurate prediction of recorded road scenes. We performed an initial experiment on Mechanical Turk to explore the space, and a follow-up experiment in the lab to address questions of road type and stimulus discriminability. Our results suggest that representations which enable prediction can be developed from brief views of a road scene, and that different road environments (e.g., city versus highway driving) have a significant impact on the viewing durations drivers require to make accurate predictions of upcoming scenes.
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|This article does not cite any references or sources. (January 2007)|
A Thermo-Hygrograph is a chart recorder that measures and records both temperature and humidity (or dew point). Similar devices that record only one parameter are a thermograph for temperature and hygrograph for humidity. Uses a bi-metallic strip for temperature and one human hair bundle for humidity. Includes one red and blue felt –tipped pen to record the reading.
A thermograph is usually configured with a pen that records temperature on a revolving cylinder. The pen is at the end of a lever that is controlled by a bi-metal strip of temperature-sensitive metal which bends as the temperature changes.
|This climatology/meteorology-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


Creek Protection Project – Appalachian Region US
The Creek Protection Project consisted of several phases of work including increasing the hydraulic capacity of the creek. Coastal installed permanent rock anchors within a post and panel floodwall positioned in the creek. In order to resist the design load, an additional bar tendon rock anchor was installed between the existing multi-strand rock anchors. This bar tendon rock anchor has capacity greater than or equal to the capacity of the two (2) existing multi-strand rock anchors and will resist the design load if the existing anchors fail. Anchor construction commenced with a detailed review and understanding of the anchor construction specification and project drawings. Dimensions and properties of permanent materials including all-thread-bar, plates and grout that are common for bar anchors were determined. Additionally, for rock bonded anchors, the minimum embedment into rock, referred to as the bond length, was also required.
Bar anchors typically consist of three main components: the bond length, the un-bonded length (if so designed) and the anchorage head. The bonded section of the anchor is developed in competent rock or soil and the load is therefore transferred into the underlying formation. Solid bar anchors are more often used in soils that are not as likely to collapse, and in rock.
Why It
Bonded bar anchors maximize the potential benefit of the under laying formation characteristics. The design engineer reviews all available geotechnical information including core borings and unconfined compressive strength of the formation in developing the anchor design calculation. These design calculations provide the theoretical minimum bond length. Once mobilization to site occurs, the theoretical design parameters are validated in a pre-production testing program prior to commencing production.
Project Specs
Bar anchors
grade 150 all-thread bar
110 & 140
Kip tensile load
For this project, the design engineers were faced with complex geological conditions, high structural loading and, as always, were looking for the best economical value in their approach to the work.
Rock anchors were selected to maximize the benefits of the under laying formation to accept the loading conditions. Rock anchors provided the best value on this project because the designers were able to calculate the diameter, length of the bond zone and the specifics of the materials that made up the anchor to formulate the precise performance necessary to achieve the design criteria. The subsequent project design called for the installation of (67) 1.75" Grade 150 Epoxy coated bar anchors to handle tensile loads of 113 kips. The rock anchor boreholes were drilled utilizing duplex and rotary percussion methods. They were then water tested and upon satisfactory results, the pre-assembled tendons were installed. The anchors were then grouted and upon set to a minimum strength, they were locked off and proof tested to confirm design and installation. Application specific designs such as these ensure the proper foundation element is developed to maximize the benefits and contribution of the actual subsurface characteristics.
Proven Excellence
Coastal Drilling Solutions
Water Treatment Tank Support – Northeastern US
View Project


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Intermediate Data - Hipparcos
|The Hipparcos Intermediate Astrometric Data are described in Volume 1, Section 2.8 of the Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues (ESA SP-1200, 1997).
The Hipparcos Catalogue contains the astrometric parameters derived for each of the stars observed in the Hipparcos programme. These are classified into (apparently) single systems, component solutions, orbital systems, systems with accelerating photocentres, etc. To preserve the elementary astrometric data from which these solutions have been derived, CD-ROM disk 5 of the Catalogue includes the so-called intermediate astrometric data (abscissae) and the associated reference-great-circle data. From these data, the individual observations can be inspected and their fit to the published astrometric solutions can be re-examined - for instance in the light of new data. The intermediate data also preserve access to the individual solutions provided by the two data analysis consortia (FAST and NDAC) before merging to form the final, published solution. The intermediate astrometric data can be retrieved (for individual Hipparcos stars) via the intermediate data tool.


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Magnetite reducing bacteria from a high pH serpentinizing spring
What sorts of microbes would we expect to find on other planets and how would we find them?
Serpentinizing springs have garnered a lot of interest of late because of their importance to astrobiology (the study of life on early earth and other planets) and subsurface microbiology (which collectively makes up the largest weight of organisms on the planet, and little is understood about if and how these organisms survive in these low nutrient environments). Serpentinization is a low-temperature (~100°C) geological reaction between water and iron bearing minerals. The resulting fluids are high in H2 and very high in pH (very basic as opposed to acidic). Serpentinization is known to occur in the Earth's subsurface and on other planets and exoplanets in our solar system. Though understanding how microbial life survives under such extreme conditions is of great interest to astrobiology and environmental microbiology, culturing from these environments has been challenging. Using electrodes to cultivate microbes from this system, we have been able to isolate microbes capable of extracellular electron transfer (the ability to breathe rocks/minerals/electrodes) and can do so at very high pH! While this is very much a modern microbe, it does give us some insights into how microbes might be conserving energy in these environments, and highlights potential roles for maghemetite and magnetite (iron minerals formed during serpentinization) as electron acceptors for metabolism. For more info see Rowe et al. Environmental Microbiology, 2017.
With any luck I will be tackling a similar question soon at a new terrestrial serpentinization site that looks more like a marine system because of the sulfur compounds present!


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The main risks associated with solar panels are electric shocks and electrocution. As long as solar panels are exposed to light, they will continue to produce potentially lethal amounts of direct current (DC) electricity, known in the industry as the "DC danger zone". Yes, but it's not very likely. If everything works well, channel electricity safely away from you.
However, if it malfunctions, a solar panel can cause a shock that kills it. Can you get electrocuted while cleaning solar panels? The simple answer is absolutely yes. There are several ways in which a person can be electrocuted while cleaning solar panels. It is not a risk that should be ignored.
This instantly means that cleaning solar panels is not a DIY job and we should not assume that window cleaners can clean solar panels either. On window cleaning forums, window cleaners have given their experience of electrocuting themselves while cleaning solar panels. Therefore, it is important that you only contact professionals for the cleaning and maintenance of solar panels. As with other generations of electrical energy, photovoltaic systems present the risk of shock and electrocution when current passes through an involuntary path through the human body.
A current as low as 75 milliamperes (mA) through the heart is lethal. The human body has a resistance of about 600 ohms. According to Ohm's law, voltage (V) equals current (I) times resistance (R), so V %3D IR. Can you get electrocuted with solar lights? There is almost no risk of getting electrocuted with solar lights.
Most solar lights are weather resistant, so the cables are insulated to prevent water from entering. The current used by most solar-powered lights is not high enough to reach a lethal threshold. Solar panels don't produce energy at night. Photovoltaic cells in solar panels must have sunlight to generate electricity.
But that's not the final result. Solar panels offer two indirect nighttime energy solutions. While solar panels may not work at night, Brightbox solar battery storage puts the power in your hands. Also, consider augmenting your solar panel system with solar battery storage for a reliable nighttime power solution.
If you have panels installed on the roof or anywhere else on your property, be aware of the risks and keep a safe distance from electrical equipment. Unless you live in an area where it doesn't rain much, or you live in an area with large amounts of smog or dust, there's usually no need to clean solar panels. Net-metered grid connection and solar battery storage allow your solar energy system to supply electricity when your solar panels are at rest so you can move 24 hours a day. A system can have many small individual inverters connected to individual solar panels, or larger inverters located near the building's electric meter or main distribution panel.
DC shock can be lethal both because of the effect it has on the body and by causing a person to fall from a height when cleaning solar panels. One of the best aspects of solar panels is that they are basically maintenance-free; you just set it up and forget it. These have the solar panel on top of each light, so you don't have to connect any additional wiring to a central solar panel, maintaining a nice and elegant aesthetic. Clean Solar Solutions can provide all of the above and has cleaned millions of solar panels on floors and roofs across the U.
Some people rely on the benefits of kinetic solar energy, while others think potential solar energy is the way to go. Installing a solar battery with your solar panels reduces your reliance on the outdated grid and allows you to reliably secure lower electric bills. This document highlights the risks associated with cleaning solar panels and how they intend to reduce them, including the risk of electrocution. .


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Introduction and materials
This 'Living' unit introduces the people who live and work in Antarctica, and explores the personal and professional qualities they need to have, the effects of isolation and the constraints of their temporary home. It also shows how people chronicle their individual experiences and provides a springboard for discussing career options.
Students will discover what it is like to live and work in Antarctica. The activities explore the nature of community, and the qualities people need to live in harmony.
Because of the wide range of jobs and diversity of people in an Antarctic community, it can be used as a microcosm of society. It provides a way of exploring human dynamics and gender equity issues, and learning conflict resolution skills.
Students can research the following questions using the materials listed below.
- What jobs do people do in Antarctica?
- What skills do they need for these jobs?
- What special personal qualities do people need in order to live and work harmoniously with others in an isolated community?
- What sorts of difficulties are experienced by people living in Antarctica?
- Do women or children live in Antarctica?
- What do expeditioners eat in Antarctica?
- What is involved in planning an expedition?
- Expeditioner profiles
- Vocational guidance test part A [PDF]
- Vocational guidance test part B [PDF]
- Scoring the vocational guidance test [PDF]
- Mini job chart [PDF]
- List of expeditioner positions and career types [PDF]
- Conflict resolution checklist [PDF]
- An 11-year-old's observations of Antarctica [PDF]
- Food list per person per year [PDF]
- Field ration pack list [PDF]
Useful information - books, videos, websites and places to visit - is listed in the references and resources section.


Cómo: Obtener un valor de una propiedad (Visual Basic)How to: Get a Value from a Property (Visual Basic)
Recupera el valor de una propiedad incluyendo el nombre de propiedad en una expresión.You retrieve a property's value by including the property name in an expression.
La propiedad Get procedimiento recupera el valor, pero no llamar explícitamente a él por su nombre.The property's Get procedure retrieves the value, but you do not explicitly call it by name. Use la propiedad tal como utilizaría una variable.You use the property just as you would use a variable. Visual Basic realiza las llamadas a procedimientos de la propiedad.Visual Basic makes the calls to the property's procedures.
Para recuperar un valor de una propiedadTo retrieve a value from a property
 1. Utilice el nombre de propiedad en una expresión de la misma manera que usaría un nombre de variable.Use the property name in an expression the same way you would use a variable name. Puede usar una propiedad en cualquier lugar puede usar una variable o una constante.You can use a property anywhere you can use a variable or a constant.
 -o bien--or-
 Utilice el nombre de la propiedad siguiendo la igual (=) iniciar sesión en una instrucción de asignación.Use the property name following the equal (=) sign in an assignment statement.
 En el ejemplo siguiente se lee el valor de Visual Basic Now propiedad, se llama implícitamente a su Get procedimiento.The following example reads the value of the Visual Basic Now property, implicitly calling its Get procedure.
 Dim ThisMoment As Date
 ' The following statement calls the Get procedure of the Visual Basic Now property.
 ThisMoment = Now

 2. Si la propiedad toma argumentos, siga el nombre de propiedad entre paréntesis para delimitar la lista de argumentos.If the property takes arguments, follow the property name with parentheses to enclose the argument list. Si no hay ningún argumento, opcionalmente, puede omitir los paréntesis.If there are no arguments, you can optionally omit the parentheses.
 3. Coloque los argumentos en la lista de argumentos entre paréntesis, separados por comas.Place the arguments in the argument list within the parentheses, separated by commas. Asegúrese de que proporcionar los argumentos en el mismo orden que la propiedad define los parámetros correspondientes.Be sure you supply the arguments in the same order that the property defines the corresponding parameters.
El valor de la propiedad participa en la expresión al igual que una variable o constante, o se almacena en la variable o propiedad en el lado izquierdo de la instrucción de asignación.The value of the property participates in the expression just as a variable or constant would, or it is stored in the variable or property on the left side of the assignment statement.
Vea tambiénSee Also
ProcedimientosProcedures
Procedimientos de propiedadesProperty Procedures
Argumentos y parámetros de procedimientoProcedure Parameters and Arguments
Property (instrucción)Property Statement
Diferencias entre propiedades y Variables en Visual BasicDifferences Between Properties and Variables in Visual Basic
Crear una propiedadHow to: Create a Property
Declarar una propiedad con niveles de acceso mixtosHow to: Declare a Property with Mixed Access Levels
Llamar a un procedimiento de propiedadHow to: Call a Property Procedure
Cómo: declarar y llamar a una propiedad predeterminada en Visual BasicHow to: Declare and Call a Default Property in Visual Basic
Establecer un valor en una propiedadHow to: Put a Value in a Property


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How to choose a logistics equipment forklift
As the most commonly used lifting and transporting industrial vehicle, forklift is the most important technical parameter for lifting weight, height and speed, which can fully demonstrate the structural characteristics and working performance of the forklift. In addition to these three indicators, load center distance, running speed, gantry inclination, turning radius and ground clearance are also key technical parameters.
1) Rated lifting weight and load center distance
At present, the maximum lifting capacity in China is 60T. The rated lifting capacity refers to the maximum cargo quality that the forklift is allowed to lift when the gantry is in the vertical position and the center of gravity of the cargo is within the load center distance range, which is often referred to as the tonnage.
The tonnage of common forklifts is generally between 1~10T, the tonnage of storage forklifts is generally 1~3T, the tonnage of common counterbalance forklifts is between 1~10T, and the above 10T is generally a heavy forklift. At present, the largest tonnage forklift in China is 60T, but the number is small, and it is generally used in specific fields.
The load center distance refers to the distance between the center of gravity of the standard cargo with the rated lifting weight specified by the forklift design and the forearm of the vertical section of the fork. Generally speaking, the load center distance of the forklift truck with a rated load of 1~4T is 500mm, and the load center distance of the forklift truck above 5T is 600mm.
2) Maximum lifting height
The maximum lifting height refers to the vertical distance of the gantry, the full lifting of the fork to the maximum height, and the vertical distance from the fork surface to the ground. The higher the lifting height, the higher the center of gravity of the forklift as a whole, so that the stability of the forklift deteriorates, so the allowable lifting weight should be appropriately reduced. The maximum lifting height of a common forklift is generally between 2.5 and 6 meters, and the most common forklift lifting height is 3 meters.
3) Lifting speed
The lifting speed and running speed will directly affect the efficiency of the forklift work. The lifting speed is the average speed at which the fork rises when the gantry is in the vertical position, which is mainly determined by the hydraulic system of the forklift.
Increasing the lifting speed is the trend of forklift development, but excessive lifting speed is prone to cargo damage or machine damage. In general, electric forklifts are limited by the capacity and power of the battery, and their lifting speed is lower than that of internal combustion forklifts of the same lifting capacity. For forklift trucks with large lifting capacity, the lifting speed is lower than that of medium and small tonnage forklifts due to the limitation of hydraulic system. .
4) Travel speed
The driving speed is the maximum speed at which the forklift advances on a flat hard road. Increasing the speed of travel and shortening the travel time have great significance for improving the productivity of forklifts. However, the operation characteristics of the forklift truck are short transportation distances, and many parking and starting times. Excessively increasing the driving speed may cause the engine power to be too large, the economy to be lowered, and it is difficult to use in the operation. Ordinary forklifts typically travel between 10 and 30 km/h.
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The Theoretical Aspects of Erroneous Actions During the Process of Decision Making by Air Traffic Control evaluates the factors affecting the operational decision-making of a human air traffic controller, interacting in a dynamic environment with the flight crew, surrounding aircraft traffic and environmental conditions of the airspace. This article reviews the challenges of air traffic control in different conditions, ranging from normal and complex to emergency and catastrophic. Workload factors and operating conditions make an impact on air traffic controllers' decision-making. The proposed model compares various operating conditions within an assumed air traffic control environment subsequently comparing them against a theoretically "perfect" air traffic control system. A mathematical model of flight safety assessment has been proposed for the quantitative assessment of various hazards arising during the process of Air Traffic Control. The model assumes events of various severity and probability ranging from high frequency and low severity up to less likely and catastrophic ones. Certain limitations of the model have been recognised and further improvements for effective hazard evaluation have been suggested.
Document type: Article
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The Awakening of Sentience
cat sentienceWhat is the difference between humans and animals? It is not always easy to tell, and the truth is, humans have not been so different from animals at all. We learned how to use written language and we developed some technology, but in the way we function inside and the way we process and relate to the world around us, humanity has been living largely as a primal and a tribal species.
It was not our fault that we did not develop into more advanced creatures. In a world as damaged as ours, it was impossible. We functioned as frightened animals, not because we wanted to, but because there was not enough light to develop. There was too much fear and not enough joy, and so we as a species could not function at the level of the heart.
Now that the Light has returned, and with the help of Kirael, humanity is finally making the leap to the heart, to what is considered by other races the birth of sentience.
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Definition of modillion
n. - The enriched block or horizontal bracket generally found under the cornice of the Corinthian and Composite entablature, and sometimes, less ornamented, in the Ionic and other orders; -- so called because of its arrangement at regulated distances. 2
The word "modillion" uses 9 letters: D I I L L M N O O.
No direct anagrams for modillion found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after modillion (in bold), or to diillmnoo in any order:
s - modillions
All words formed from modillion by changing one letter
Browse words starting with modillion by next letter


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The Many Roads to Japan
Originally an English textbook for Japanese university students, "The Many Roads to Japan" tells the story of the adventures of a Vietnam War conscientious objector who had to follow many twists and turns in his life journey before finding his niche in Japan. Suitable for low intermediate and above students. Excellent resource for peace studies. Good story for native speakers of English, too.


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Closed as program error.
Error Message: Unhandled exception Type=Floating point error vmState=0x00040001 J9Generic_Signal_Number=00000020 Condition_Facilty_ID=CEE Condition_Message_Number=0C89 Condition_Severity=0003 Handler1=193D1500 Handler2=193DE1E0. Stack Trace: N/A. Condition_Message_Number in range 0x0C88 (3208) to 0x0C82 (3234) inclusive. This range of Condition_Message_Number corresponds to LE conditions CEE3208S to CEE3234S (inclusive).
Disable concurrent GC, for example, by using the command-line option -Xgcpolicy:optthruput
The problem is caused when JNI native code triggers an LE condition in the range CEE3208S to CEE3234S (inclusive), which are considered to be "arithmetic" LE conditions. When the JVM command-line option -XCEEHDLR is present, the JVM should convert arithmetic LE conditions that occur in JNI native code to Java exceptions of type com.ibm.le.conditionhandling.ConditionException. The problem is that the arithmetic condition is not being converted to a Java exception, and instead, the LE condition is being treated as a regular crash. The JVM therefore generates diagnostics and terminates the process. Note that this is an intermittent issue and only occurs when a thread doing garbage collection (GC) work examines the resources owned by the thread that triggered the arithmetic LE condition
This defect will be fixed in: 7.0.0 SR1 6.0.1 SR2. The JVM has been updated such that threads doing work for the GC no longer interfere with the JVM's ability to detect that the arithmetic LE condition occurred in a JNI native.
Reported component name
J9 COMMON CODE
Reported component ID
Last modified date
APAR is sysrouted FROM one or more of the following:
APAR is sysrouted TO one or more of the following:
Fixed component name
J9 COMMON CODE
Fixed component ID
Applicable component levels


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At a Glance
The origins of Hinemaiaia Scheme were in 1939, with a push to develop an electricity supply for Taupo. Power was first generated from Hinemaiaia A Station in 1952 and fed into the national grid from 1958. A second generator was commissioned in 1982, boosting output to 2 MW.
Hinemaiaia B (1.3 MW) was commissioned in 1966 and Hinemaiaia C (2.8 MW) in 1982.
Environment and recreation
Hinemaiaia A Lake has grown into a rich wetland, protected through restricted public access. Below Hinemaiaia B Station, there's a productive trout spawning area. For this stretch of river, we maintain a flow of three cubic metres per second, so long as there's sufficient flow from Hinemaiaia A Lake. This consistent water flow aids trout migration up the river and avoids any concerns of erosion due to irregular flows.
We run a comprehensive trout trap and transfer programme, each year releasing 200 trout and around 35,000 fry above Hinemaiaia B Dam. We need to periodically dredge Hinemaiaia A Lake to ensure sufficient water storage. Scientific investigations that we commissioned showed no significant long-term environmental effects from the dredging.
New Resource Consents for the Hinemaiaia Scheme were granted in 2003, with expiry scheduled for 2036.


What Is an EDS File?
How to open, edit, and convert EDS files
A file with the EDS file extension is an Electronic Data Sheet file, also called a Rockwell Automation DeviceNet or ControlNet file.
This plain text format is based on the CANopen standard and is used to specify various descriptive and communication data for hardware devices, usually those within industrial automation systems.
The EditStudio video editing program uses EDS files, too, for EditStudio Project files; as does the Ensoniq SQ10 sound synthesizer, as Ensoniq SQ80 Disk Image files.
EDS files in Windows 10
EDS also stands for electronic dip switch, but it has nothing to do with a file format.
How to Open an EDS File
A free command line program, called CANchkEDS, is also available that can check the validity of the file. CANchkEDS is included as part of the free CANeds tool.
You can also add the file to FactoryTalk Linx (formerly RSLinx) for use with the Logix5000 controller family.
If your EDS file is associated with Mediachance's EditStudio software, then it can, of course, be opened with that application.
The only software we know of that should open Ensoniq SQ80 Disk Image files is called Ensoniq Disk Tools, but we can't find a valid download link. The Ensoniq company was founded in 1982 and was then purchased by Creative Technology Ltd. in 1998, after which they discontinued that division of the company and ended support for its products.
Since there are multiple programs that can open the file, one of them might be used when double-clicking or double-tapping it, but it might not be the one you would like to have open the file. Fortunately, you can change which program opens EDS files.
How to Convert an EDS File
Remember that an EDS file is different than an ESD file. Another similar abbreviation is EDT, which stands for Eastern Daylight Time—convert between time zones (EDT to EST, etc.) with TimeBie.
Still Can't Open the File?
If you've tried the EDS file viewers from above, or even ran it through a converter tool and it still doesn't open, you might be misreading the file extension.
Was this page helpful?


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Read Path
To summarize, the read path works as follows:
 1. The querier receives an HTTP/1 request for data.
 2. The querier passes the query to all ingesters for in-memory data.
 3. The ingesters receive the read request and return data matching the query, if any.
 4. The querier lazily loads data from the backing store and runs the query against it if no ingesters returned data.
 5. The querier iterates over all received data and deduplicates, returning a final set of data over the HTTP/1 connection.
Write Path
chunk_diagram
To summarize, the write path works as follows:
 1. The distributor receives an HTTP/1 request to store data for streams.
 2. Each stream is hashed using the hash ring.
 3. The distributor sends each stream to the appropriate ingesters and their replicas (based on the configured replication factor).
 4. Each ingester will create a chunk or append to an existing chunk for the stream's data. A chunk is unique per tenant and per labelset.
 5. The distributor responds with a success code over the HTTP/1 connection.


DESIGN TMT | Zaba Search Online What Are Individuals on Zabasearch?
Zaba Search Online What Are Individuals on Zabasearch?
Zaba Search Online What Are Individuals on Zabasearch?
Zaba Search Online What Are Individuals on Zabasearch?
Are you currently wondering to learn ways to utilize Zabasearch to get information regarding people you might know? If yes, this post will really assist you to. Right right Here, i am going to provide to you personally a complete guide on Zabasearch.
The important thing points of attention inside it will likely be what exactly is Zabasearch, just how to utilize Zabasearch plus some good options into the popular human internet search engine.
What exactly is Zabasearch? is actually a internet search engine that works well to get information pertaining to people that are individual. With the ability to gather and supply information like names, details, delivery years, and telephone numbers. The major search engines is commonly utilized in the united states by individuals to learn about other people or validate someoneâ€™s details. It enables users to query other the search engines by using this information to assemble extra information like satellite pictures or police records or whatever else.
All of the data so it gathers can be obtained publicly. Therefore, anybody can look for great deal of data here from numerous sources. Nevertheless, and also this will act as a downside for ZabaSearch. Due to the fact given info is given by numerous sources without having a truth-check, so are there possibilities that the information is wrong, misguided and even missing currently. You will find multiple techniques to utilize this internet search engine which Iâ€™ll explain when you look at the sections that are later.
How can it gather information on people?
ZabaSearch gathers information about individuals utilizing general public mediums. They are often social networking pages, yellowish pages, Whites pages, home documents, voter enrollment documents, or just about any other supply where masses input their personal statistics publicly. The major search engines does hold any of nâ€™t the details. They simply gather all of the information from around the internet and provide it on the site. Therefore, everyone can take a look easily at whatever information they desire.
You'll many probably try to find your self only at that web web web site. The reason being whenever you marry, register your self for voting or purchase a residential property, your data is automatically made general general public. Or, by using social networking sites, individuals across the globe usually takes a glance at who you really are. There wasnâ€™t almost anything to bother about or controversial right right here.
How exactly to make use of ZabaSearch to locate individuals on line?
You can find numerous techniques to seek out individuals and their home elevators this of good use internet site. Iâ€™ll list all of the practices right here. Therefore, you can make use of any real means you wish and satisfy the needs you have.
1. Re Re Search utilizing title
It is possible to look for information on somebody just by making use of their title. Just go into the very very very first and final title of the person within the blank field on the website of ZabaSearch, after which it'll supply you the outcome. You'll slim down the total outcomes knowing their state where the person lives. Just find the State you can also choose All 50 States in the event that you donâ€™t understand it.
2. Re Re Search utilizing Mobile Number
The next approach to seek out someoneâ€™s personal info is simply by using their telephone number. Go directly to the website and just go into the phone of the individual you intend to lookup. Instead, the ZabaSearchâ€™s can be visited by you Reverse mobile Lookup web web page and employ it to find anyone utilizing their telephone number. That is a feature that is handy you've gotten a call from an unknown number and would like to know whom she or he is.
3. Search utilizing Advanced Alternatives
The method that is ultimate seek out the knowledge about some body who you find out about a bit is utilizing higher level choices like center title, town, and chronilogical age of the individual. In this particular aspect, you are able to place the personâ€™s title, center title, final title, state, town, and age, additionally the internet search engine will show for you a rather exact outcomes web web web page. Just in case you donâ€™t understand the chronilogical age of someone or not sure about any of it, you'll be able to choose â€˜All Agesâ€™ however the outcomes may be broad then.
5 Best ZabaSearch Alternatives
In the event that you arenâ€™t too keen on utilizing or would like to try other better options, then proceed through this list at this time. Iâ€™m listing right right here the 5 Best Alternatives that one may used to find individuals and their associated information. Utilizing these is quite comparable as well as quite simple. Simply see them and figure that is youâ€™ll out your self.
1. ThatsThem
ThatsThem is a great alternative that you need to use to realize individuals. It permits you to check up for anybody utilising the bits of information which you currently have. This site has huge amounts of entries as possible proceed through by looking utilizing names, addresses, cell phone numbers, or email details. You may also find some one employing their D.o.B, IP address, car VIN, or Community ID.
2. PeekYou
PeekYou is yet another alternative that is free everyone can used to find out people and locate their information. It gathers information utilizing sources that are public social networking, news, blog sites, or other sources. The person is placed by this website you are searching for in the center of focus after which attempts to inform whatever it is aware of them. It attempts to calculate the likelihood of any Google link being attached to a person. So, you can visit it if it finds any.
3. BeenVerified
BeenVerified could be the next substitute for you. Everyone can see this website to explore the available records to find information regarding individuals who they would like to understand. This site made finding out about general public records therefore free and easy. Just go into the name, or title and current email address of the individual plus the website will attempt to present their information.
4. PeopleLooker
PeopleLooker is just one more good alternative that you need to use to find information regarding individuals. this amazing site is understood to provide really exact outcomes, ergo it really is a great option if you may be looking for verification on somebody. This has countless entries of individuals from different areas that one may proceed through. The software associated with internet site really is easy and anybody can understand it easily.
5. Instant Individuals Finder
Instant individuals Finder could be the ultimate plus one of the greatest options to see somebody. You can make use of it to explore public that is open and understand information about anybody. The reason why could be numerous like investigating family members history, managing a profile verification or simply being inquisitive. It's proven to have more recent and incredibly accurate entries. Therefore, if you should be to locate more youthful individuals, this may function as most readily useful site for you personally.
Final Words
Thatâ€™s all because of this post. Now you understand every thing about ZabaSearch and exactly how to utilize it effectively. Additionally you realize about its 5 most useful options for a improved experience. Once you know a few more of these, inform me in the opinions below. You are hoped by me similar to this post plus it enables you to the core.


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Posted by Jeromino on Thursday, March 31, 2011 at 5:02am.
(gof)(x) means you substitute the whole expression of f(x) to g(x):
(gof)(x) = g(f(x)) = f(x) + 1
(gof)(x) = x + 1
for #2, we do the same,, we substitute f(x) to f(x):
(fof)(x) = f(x)
(fof)(x) = x
hope this helps~ :)
math - Find a. fog b. gof c. fof d. gog for each function f(x)=4-x g(x)=3x-5
college algebra - 1. answer the following for the given quadratic function f(x)=...
math - Find a. fog b. gof c. fof d. gog f(x)=4-x g(x)=3x-5
math - (x) =pi/2-x g(x)= 5sinx/8+cos x find (gof)(pi/2) and (fof)(pi/2)
precalc - f(x) =pi/2-x g(x)= 5sinx/8+cos x find (gof)(pi/2) and (fof)(pi/2)
Calculus - Hi there, I need help with composition of functions. I need to find...
college algebra - 1.for the given function f&g, find the following and state...
math/calculus - let f(x)=ln(x)x>0 let k(x)= f(g(x)) and m(x)= f(g(x)) a)...
calcius - Determine whether the relation represents a function. If it is a...
math - questions involving domain and range... 1. Find the domain of the...
For Further Reading


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Hawaiian language online
About Hawaiian diacritical marks
The Hawaiian language uses two diacritical markings. The okina is a glottal stop, similar to the sound between the syllables of "oh-oh." In print, the correct mark for designating an okina is the single open quote mark. The kahako is a macron, which lengthens and adds stress to the marked vowel. For example 'pau,' depending on placement of okina and kahako, can mean completed, smudge, moist or skirt.
The State of Hawaii and University of Hawaii strongly encourage use of Hawaiian diacritical markings. (See UH Style Guide.) Technology, however, is still catching up.
Choose the level of Hawaiian font display
Depending on your browser, operating system and installed fonts, you may be able to display Hawaiian diacritical marks. If not, they will generally appear as boxes or question marks. In that case, you can choose either to use a foot mark (') as an approximation of the okina or display text without diacritical marks.
Your setting selection will be maintained for this browser and this session only.
- Display no diacritical markings
- Use the footmark () for the okina, but do not display macrons
- Show all diacritical markings
Click on the links above and watch the demo text below change. If you see boxes instead of diacritical marks, you do not have the fonts installed and should turn off the diacritical option for your session.
Hawaiian language demo
The University of Hawaii System consists of 10 campuses, 7 community colleges and 3 university level campuses. The Manoa campus, on the island of Oahu, is the flagship campus with more than 18,000 students enrolled.
Ua haku ia ke Kualono e ka Hale Kuamoo, Ke Kulanui o Hawaii ma Hilo e kakoo ai i na kaiaulu olelo Hawaii a puni ke ao. Oiai, ma ka olelo Hawaii ka hapanui o na ike, he mau palapala olelo Pelekane no hoi ko loko no ka poe hoihoi i ke ao ana i ka olelo Hawaii a i ole no ka poe hoihoi i ka hoonaauao ia no ka olelo oiwi o Hawaii nei a me ka holomua o ka olelo Hawaii.


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Bay County Alternate Water Supply
Panama City, Fla.
Award of Merit
Owner Bay County
Lead Design Firm Mott MacDonald
General Contractor Phoenix Construction Services Inc.
Since the early 1980s, officials in Bay County have recognized the need for an alternate supply for potable drinking water. Currently, all of the county's drinking water comes from a single man-made reservoir—formerly a saltwater estuary—that separates Bay County's raw water supply from the saltwater of North Bay. However, officials determined that a 100-year storm event could potentially overtop the dam with storm surge, making the reservoir's raw water unsuitable due to elevated chloride levels.
The Alternate Water Supply Project—which includes a surface water intake, pump station and pipeline—offers the capacity to deliver approximately 30 million gallons per day of raw water via approximately 11 miles of 36-in.-dia pipe.
The engineering team's use of building information modeling and animation helped it visualize and present the project for the Bay County commission. The 3D imaging further aided engineer Mott MacDonald in developing a hydraulic model of the complete pipeline and pumping configuration. The team was able to simulate operating conditions and determine proper air/vacuum valve locations.
The BIM model also helped engineers determine the need for a 25,000-gallon surge tank at the raw water intake site and enabled hydraulic modeling for numerous what-if scenarios.


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Pentacle Symbol Meaning Handmade sculpted in clay by psychic medium Ian Scott On Etsy !
Five Pointed Star With A Circle Around It Meaning
The Pentacle meaning, a 5-pointed Star contained within a circle. The five points of the Pentacle represent the four directions and four elements, with spirit at the top. A human with arms and legs outstretched in front of the star creates a circle of color with the aura revealing a living breathing pentacle of protection.
The pentacle meaning in the Golden Dawn system is one of a magical protection shield and summoning device. When used in ritual magick the pentacle is made of clay, wax, or earthenware. In some esoteric traditions, it's made of pure gold, silver, copper or iron.
The pentacle's origins go back to the ancient Mesopotamians, who engraved it on pottery and tools, often with the symbols meaning the four corners or…
View original post 417 more words


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Explosions Are Main Cause of Spine Injuries in U.S. Soldiers
FRIDAY, Sept. 21 (HealthDay News) -- Explosions are the main cause of spine injuries among wounded U.S. military personnel, a new study finds.
Researchers analyzed more than eight years of data on back, spinal column and spinal cord injuries suffered by American military personnel serving in Iraq or Afghanistan. Of nearly 11,000 evacuated casualties, about 600 (nearly 5.5 percent) had a total of more than 2,100 spinal injuries.
Explosions accounted for 56 percent of spine injuries, motor vehicle collisions for 29 percent and gunshots for 15 percent, the study found. In 17 percent of spine injuries, the spinal cord also was injured. Fifty-three percent of gunshot wounds to the spine led to a spinal cord injury.
The study also found that 92 percent of all injuries were fractures, 84 percent of patients' wounds were the result of combat and spinal injuries often were accompanied by abdomen, chest, head and face injuries.
The findings, published Sept. 19 in the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, are an important first step in helping orthopedic surgeons develop treatment plans for military personnel with spine injuries, as well as for civilians with similar injuries, according to the researchers.
"In these current military conflicts, the latest technologies in body armor, helmets and other protective devices have helped save many soldiers' lives," Dr. James Blair, an orthopedic surgery chief resident at the Brooke Army Medical Center at Fort Sam Houston, in Texas, said in a journal news release.
"We also have access to advanced life-saving techniques in the field and medical evacuation strategies that are keeping many more service members alive," he added.
"But when a person survives an explosion or vehicle collision, there has still been a great deal of force on the body," Blair noted. "Many of those survivors are coming to us with severe injuries to their spine and back. We needed to describe and characterize these injuries so recommendations can be made on how to provide the most effective treatment and rehabilitation for our wounded warriors."
The North American Spine Society has more about spine and spinal cord injuries.
SOURCE: Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, news release, Sept. 19, 2012


Button group
Group a series of buttons together on a single line with the button group, and super-power them with javascript. Read the Official Bootstrap Documentation for a full list of instructions and other options.
Basic example
Wrap a series of buttons with.btn in.btn-group.
Button toolbar
Combine sets of button groups into button toolbars for more complex components. Use utility classes as needed to space out groups, buttons, and more.
Feel free to mix input groups with button groups in your toolbars. Similar to the example above, you'll likely need some utilities though to space things properly.
Instead of applying button sizing classes to every button in a group, just add.btn-group-* to each.btn-group, including each one when nesting multiple groups.
Vertical variation


CrossFit Rope Climbing Exercises for Strength & Conditioning
CrossFit Rope Climbing Exercises for Strength
CrossFit Training
CrossFit, much like most other types of workout regimens, is designed to not only work your cardiovascular system but your entire body.
CrossFit rope climbing exercises, in particular, are an excellent avenue to build up body strength and conditioning quickly. Done correctly, these exercises will work your entire upper body, including grip strength and stabilization.
Benefits of CrossFit Rope Climbing Exercises
Here are some reasons why you should consider mastering CrossFit rope climbing exercises and incorporate them into your routines:
Increases Grip Strength
When you start working out, especially lifting weights, you might not realize just how important grip is to the whole process.
This is mostly because the weights you will be dealing with won't challenge your grip. As you get further along in your fitness journey, this becomes a limiting factor.
Say, for example, your back is strong enough to deadlift 350lbs, but your grip won't allow you to comfortably lift that much off the ground. At this point, your back can take the weight increment, but your hands can't – that limits your back's development.
Rope climbing is an excellent way to improve and increase your grip strength. The more you use rope climbing to improve your grip, the more you train your hands to both carry your own weight and resist the gravity working against you.
Develops Arm Strength
Every time you pull yourself up on a rope, you are forcing your arms to not only lift your weight and resist gravity but also stabilize your body as you go higher. This introduces a new dynamic, one that you can't get with chin-ups or pull-ups.
Improves Your Back Strength
Rope climbing exercises strengthen your back better than pull-ups and chin-ups do. The main reason behind this is that rope climbing requires a lot of stabilization which works the lats and musculature more.
Furthermore, rope climbing exercises are fun, challenging, and a good indicator of upper body strength. This makes them a comprehensive set of skills to have in your workout repertoire.
The Best CrossFit Rope Climbing Exercises to Try Today
Here are some of the most effective rope climbing exercises to start performing today:
Man Climbing Rope Exercise
Assisted Rope-Climbing
This exercise should be done from a sitting position with your feet planted firmly on the ground and bent at the knee. Hold the rope and pull it towards your chest. Start extending your body as you climb upwards using nothing but your arms.
Keep pulling yourself to a standing position, then slowly lower yourself with nothing but your arms back to the starting position. That counts as one rep.
Depending on your fitness level, you can do five reps per set and three sets for the workout with either 30 or 60-second breaks in between.
Rope Pull-Ups
This is similar to a regular pull-up, except you will be using both arms at different positions. Start by standing next to the rope, extend one of your arms fully above your head and have the other one at a 90-degree angle (bent at the elbow).
Pull yourself up so that the extended arm is the one that's bent and the one that was bent is the one that's extended below you.
Slowly lower your body to the starting position, then go again. That will be one rep for the extended arm. You can do five reps before switching arms and three sets per arm.
Hanging Leg-Raises/Hanging L-Sit Leg-Extension
Both these exercises, although different, are listed together because they are quite similar but with one contrasting feature – the position and movement of the legs.
When doing the "Hanging L-Sit Leg-Extension," hold the rope with both your hands extended above your head (one grip should be right under the other).
Lift your legs off the ground, so they form an L shape. While holding yourself up, bend your legs at the knee and extend them to return to the starting position.
Do this five times before switching arm position (the one on top should now be the one at the bottom), then do another five extensions to make 1 set. You can do three sets with 60-second breaks in between.
Hanging Leg-Raises are quite similar but without the L-shape. Here, raise your legs to a 90-degree position from the ground, then extend them back to the ground without resting on them. Do five sets before swapping hands as before; you can do three sets with 60-second breaks.
Rope Hanging
This, like every other exercise, should be done in slow increments. Start by doing a typical rope pull-up with one of your arms extended and the other one bent at a 90-degree angle around the elbow area.
Pull yourself up all the way but instead of coming back down as you would with a pull-up, hold that position for some time. You can start with 10 seconds and slowly build up to a longer period of time. Do four reps per arm.
Rope Plank-Walk
Hold the rope and lean your body forward to about a 45-degree angle. Slowly, using your hands (one over the other), climb down to a specific plank position.
When you reach that point, your body should be about parallel to the ground now. Hold that position for a few seconds. The duration depends on your fitness levels – start with 5 seconds, then slowly move up.
You can then slowly climb back up to the starting position. This should count as one rep. Do 10 reps per set for three sets with 60-second breaks.
One Arm Pull-Up
Holding the rope with one arm in the incline position, slowly but steadily pull yourself up as if doing a pull-up. Once you get to the top, slowly lower your body back to the starting position.
Ensure that your core and trunk muscles are engaged throughout this movement. That should count as one rep. You can do five reps to make a set with three sets before switching arms for the same number of reps and sets to complete the exercise. Take 60-second breaks in between.
To avoid rope burn during your Crossfit workout, make sure to cover the skin that will come into contact with the rope. This could be in the form of a wrap, gloves, long pants, and long-sleeved shirts, or you can use a wrapped rope.
These CrossFit rope climb exercises will get easier but more complicated the further along you get in your fitness journey. For now, however, the ones mentioned above should get you well on your way to building excellent upper body and grip strength.