text:
© Rinat Laor
Ours brains might fully digest sentences before we even recognized them.
New research shows that people can process short sentences and solve equations before they're aware of the words and numbers in front of their eyes. The study suggests we might not actually need full consciousness to perform rule-based tasks like reading and doing math problems.
In a series of experiments at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, more than 300 student participants were unconsciously exposed to words and equations through a research technique known as Continuous Flash Suppression (CFS). With this method, a static image appears in front of one eye while rapidly changing pictures flash in front of the other eye. The changing pictures dominate awareness at first, letting the still image register subliminally
before popping into consciousness.
In the first part of the study, one eye was presented with a static phrase or sentence, which was "masked" by changing colorful shapes flashing in front of the other eye. The students were instructed to press a button as soon as they became aware of the words. It usually took about a second, but negative phrases like "human trafficking" and jarring sentences such as "I ironed the coffee" typically registered quicker than positive expressions and more coherent phrases such as "I ironed clothes," the study found.
The researchers say these results suggest that the sentences were fully read and comprehended subconsciously, and certain phrases broke out of suppression faster because they were more surprising.
A second part of the study examined how the unconscious brain
processes math problems. Using the CFS technique again, the researchers subliminally exposed the participants to three-digit equations, such as "9 − 3 − 4," for 2 seconds or less. Then, the participants were shown a number (without CFS masking it) and told to say it out loud. The students were quicker to read aloud a number that was the right answer to the equation they had just subconsciously seen. For example, after being exposed to "9 − 3 − 4," they were quicker to pronounce "2" than "3." This suggests they subconsciously worked out the problem and had the answer on their lips.
Other recent studies have shown that humans might be able to unconsciously perform tasks that have typically been associated with consciousness, such as learning
and forming intuitions
. The new study adds complex, rule-based operations to that list.
Psychology researcher Ran Hassin, who was involved in the study, said the results suggest current theories about unconscious processes need to be revised.
"These revisions would bring us closer to solving one of the biggest scientific mysteries of the 21st century: What are the functions of human consciousness?"
The research was published this week in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.


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The Richboro Elementary Meadow Project
Students in the Richboro Elementary Ecology Club have been planting a meadow each year since 2008. We were the first school in Council Rock School District to do so, and our project has inspired the District to plant four acres of meadows at several other Council Rock school locations.
Why plant meadows? Meadows provide habitats for more insects and other animals than green lawns. The first year we planted the meadow, we found two praying mantids had moved in! Additionally, meadows do not need to be mowed more than once a year, so they save fossil fuel. Below are photos and descriptions of our current meadow as well as meadows from previous years.
The Fourth Planting of
Richboro Elementary School's Meadow
Students in the Richboro Elementary School Ecology Club planted its fourth meadow this spring. Students sowed the flower seeds harvested last fall in the newly prepared plot. Additional native seeds, including sunflower and asters, were planted. Students and teachers look forward to seeing what surprises await when returning to school in the fall.
The Third Planting of
Richboro Elementary School's Meadow
The Ecology Club at Richboro Elementary School planted its meadow for a third growing season this April. Using seeds harvested from the meadow last fall, the club members, ranging from grades two through five, took turns planting seeds in a grid-like pattern across the meadow plot. Sunflower seeds were pushed into the ground with planting sticks, and the soil was raked to cover the seeds. As the club ended, the clouds gathered and watered the meadow, as if on cue. We look forward to watching our garden bloom as the seasons turn.
Richboro Elementary School's Meadow
The Ecology Club at Richboro Elementary School planted its meadow for a second growing season this April. The club, with over 40 students and 5 teachers, worked together to sow seeds on a drizzly, windy day. The seeds had been harvested by the students last fall from the meadow's first dried flowers. The charming sign, including drawings by 13 children, will be posted at the front of the meadow.
Richboro Elementary School's Meadow Blooms
and Seeds are Harvested
Last spring the Ecology Club at Richboro Elementary School planted seeds to create a meadow in the front of the building. Not certain how successful the meadow would be, the club members were greeted at the beginning of this school year by a surprisingly full field of colorful blooms. This fall the flowers matured to produce seeds. To complete the cycle, the Ecology Club plans to plant the seeds next spring.
The Earth Laughs in Flowers
Richboro Elementary School's Meadow Project
The Ecology Club at Richboro Elementary School planted a meadow for their final big project of the school year. Ecology Club students pulled out clumps of grass, and then teachers gave students seeds to plant in the plot. The students zig-zagged their way across the plot to ensure even coverage of the seeds. At the end of the day, each child received a small bag of seeds to plant at home with the saying, "The Earth Laughs in Flowers." The seeds had been sorted and packaged by students in the Autistic Support classes at Richboro Elementary.
The flowers hopefully will grow throughout the summer. In addition to adding beauty to the school, the meadow will reduce the fossil fuel needed to mow the grass all summer and will help insects gain a new home. The students and teachers look forward to seeing a wildflower meadow in full bloom at the beginning of the new school year in September.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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ADNEC pedestrian bridge connects the Middle East's largest exhibition centre, Abu Dhabi National Exhibition Center (ADNEC), with a newly created marine area in Abu Dhabi. The unique structure is enclosed and air-conditioned, ensuring a comfortable indoor climate.
- Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Pedestrian and Bicycle Bridges
- 2008 - 2009
- Halcrow, Engineer / Waagner-Biro, General Contractor
- 160 m
Dissing+Weitling has designed the ADNEC pedestrian bridge as a safe, covered passageway with pleasantly temperature-controlled indoor climate over an eight-lane road.
With its 600 tons of steel and 132 glass panels, the bridge spans a heavily trafficked coastal road with a simple, sleek and yet distinctive design. When passing, the pedestrians can enjoy the refining and detailing of the construction, from handrails to material choices.
The articulation of the span is expressed by ribs along the underside of the deck, and echoed in the glass screen joints, the handrail connection, and standing-seam roof. These elements provide visual scale and rhythm, emphasising the curvature of the span in perspective.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
1. Light from a source having a continuous Spectrum shines on a mass of Hydrogen gas. What sort of spectrum would you see if you were (a) on the opposite side of the gas from the source ? (b) off to the side ? Explain.© BrainMass Inc. brainmass.com October 9, 2019, 11:58 pm ad1c9bdddf
Please refer to the attachment for the solutions.
Answer-1: If we were on the opposite side of the gas from the source, we would see Hydrogen absorption spectrum, showing the characteristic Balmer series lines. ...
This solution is comprised of a detailed explanation of the given topic and provides students with a clear perspective of the underlying concepts.


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Somerset Hills Timeline
Pre -1600 – The Lenni Lenape tribe of Native Americans lived in the Somerset Hills area prior to the 1600s. Their language is classified as part of the Algonquin language group.
1688 – Somerset County set off from Middlesex County by charter on May 22, 1688.
1693? – Somerset County divided into precincts. The Northern precinct covered the area that would eventually become Bedminster (chartered 1749), Bridgewater (chartered 1749), and Bernards (chartered 1760) townships.
1701 – The "Peapack Patent" of 1701 transferred lands from 24 proprietors of East Jersey to George Willocks and John Johnstone.
1708 – Deed from eleven Indians to European settlers mentions Indian town of "Peapock." The consideration was kettles, axes, hoes, powder, knives, rum, etc.
1717 – Basking Ridge Presbyterian Church founded and a log church erected.
1717 – Three thousand acres in what is now Bernards Township was purchased by John Harrison, agent for the proprietors of East Jersey, from the Lenni Lenape Indians for $50.
1722 – John Annin, officially known as John Johnston of Annandale, Scotland, arrives in what is now Bernards Township and took title to 1,000 acres. The settlement was known as Annin's Corner until the Revolution, when the name was changed to Liberty Corner.
1724 – Refugees from the German Palatine establish the Raritan in the Hills Lutheran church atop the 2nd Watchung Mountain in what is now Bernards Township. See more in February 2022 newsletter.
1733 – The name "Baskinridge" first appeared in the records of the Basking Ridge Presbyterian Church. According to legend, early settlers saw wild animals "bask" on the ridge.
1749 – The Township of Bedminster was chartered on April 4, 1749 in the name of King George II. The township includes the historic villages of Burnt Mills, Vliettown, Pluckemin, Lamington, Pottersville, Greater Crossroads, and Bedminster.
1760 – George II of Great Britain establishes Bernards Township by charter on May 24, 1760. Both Bernards Township and later Bernardsville were named after Sir Francis Bernard (_PHONE_), royal governor of New Jersey (_PHONE_).
1771 – Elias Boudinot (_PHONE_), future president of the Continental Congress, purchased land in Basking Ridge. He moved his family here in 1776 during the Revolutionary War.
1778-79 — General Henry Knox, under orders of General George Washington, establishes the Pluckemin Artillery Academy, an extensive officer and artillery training center, in Bedminster Township. Over 1,000 troops were stationed at the site which was the subject of archaeological excavations 1979-89.
_PHONE_ – New Jersey Brigade encamps along Hardscrabble Road in Bernards Township (now Bernardsville). For more information see the May 2022 newsletter.
1797—Bernardstown, in Somerset County, N.J., contained 2,377 inhabitants including 93 slaves according to the American Gazetteer, published in 1797. For more on slavery in the area, see the October 2022 newsletter.
1803 – Robert Field Stockton, also known as Commodore Stockton, was a hero of the Mexican War and a student at the Basking Ridge Classical School until he was expelled for mischievous conduct.
1806 — Warren Township was formed from Bernards Township and a small section of Bridgewater Township on March 5, 1806.
1840 – Vealtown, a village in Bernards Township, is renamed Bernardsville through the efforts of Roderick Mitchell, the local postmaster.
1856 – Basking Ridge native William Lewis Dayton (_PHONE_) ran as the Republican candidate for Vice President of the United States on a ticket with presidential candidate John C. Fremont. Fremont and Dayton lost to the Democratic ticket of James Buchanan and John C. Breckinridge.
1872 – Railroad service is extended from Summit to Bernardsville by the New Jersey West Line Railroad.
1880 – The 1880 Federal Census listed Bernards Township with a population of 2,622 and Bedminster Township as 1,812. Within Bernards, Basking Ridge had 365 inhabitants and Bernardsville, 147.
1887 – Grant B. Schley (_PHONE_), and his wife, Elizabeth, came by horse-drawn carriage to see his brother Evander H. Schley's farms in Bernards and Bedminster. Elizabeth is said to have remarked on the beautiful vista of "far hills," thus giving name to the place where there was yet no village.
1887 – Grant B. Schley begins building his Froh Heim (German for Happy Home) estate in Far Hills. Froh Heim in its heyday was about a 3,000-acre estate with a live-in staff of 36 servants. The silent films Madame Butterfly (1915) starring Mary Pickford and Wild Girl (1917) were filmed here. The original mansion was torn down in the 1930s by Schley's son Evander. The estate was renamed Moorland Farms after 1954 by owner William B. K. Bassett.
1899 – Developers led by Clinton Ledyard Blair (_PHONE_), owner of the 500-acre Blairsden estate in Peapack, dam the north branch of the Raritan River creating Ravine Lake.
1899 – Evander Schley and David Dumont drew up a subdivision plan of the Dumont Farm and offered lots for sale in what was to become Far Hills village in Bernards Township. A unique clause was written into each deed prohibiting the sale of alcoholic beverages on the premises.
1902 – Around 1902, the original Bernardsville Railroad Station (built 1872) was moved to its current location at 17 Morristown Road (Route 202). It was later the offices of The Bernardsville News.
1910 – C. Ledyard Blair of the Blairsden Estate in Peapack served as Commodore of the prestigious New York Yacht Club. His 254-foot yacht The Diana, served as flagship.
1910 – February 10 – The First Farmers' Day celebration is sponsored by Charles Pfizer (_PHONE_) of Bernardsville, and hosted by his hunt club, the Essex Fox Hounds to thank local farmers for use of their land. Farmers' Day was the precursor to today's Far Hills Race Meeting.
1910 – T. Leonard Hill, son of Garner Ferris Hill was one of Peapack's first automobile owners, creating the first auto taxi in the Garner Hill Livery Service.
1912 – James Cox Brady named Hamilton Farm in Bedminster after his first wife Elizabeth Jane Hamilton.
1912 – On June 6, 1912, Peapack and Gladstone were set off from Bedminster Township and incorporated as an independent twin borough.
1915 – October 23 – The New Jersey Hunt Cup and the Essex Hounds Club run its first official steeplechase. The next year the event moves to Froh Heim in Far Hills, the estate of Grant Schley, which later becomes Moorland Farms. The event is now called The Far Hills Race Meeting.
1919 – The Frothingham/Sloan House (now the U.S. Golf Museum) in Liberty Corner was designed and constructed in 1919 by architect John Russell Pope. The original owner, Thomas Frothingham later sold (1926) to John Sloan, a prominent furniture retailer.
1921 – Far Hills secedes from Bernards Township. Rising taxes led the 200 residents of Far Hills to separate from Bernards Township and to incorporate as a Borough. The local property tax rate jumped from $2.72 in 1919 to $3.53 in 1920.
1923 – The Friends of the Oak Tree was organized in 1923 to save the 600-year-old oak tree in the Basking Ridge Presbyterian Churchyard. The tree trunk was cleaned of its disease, leaving space for four men to stand in its trunk. Three tons of concrete were poured into the cavity. These efforts proved successful until 2016 when the historic tree died and was taken down.
1924 – Bernardsville, originally part of Bernards Township, was incorporated by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 6,
1924. The act did not take effect until a majority of voters in the proposed new borough approved the action in a special election on April 29, 1924.
1926 – Thomas Frothingham (_PHONE_), sold his Dogwood estate in Liberty Corner (now USGA Golf Museum) to John Sloan, due to Frothingham's bankruptcy as partner of investment company Potter Brothers & Company.
1928 – South Maple Avenue in Basking Ridge was paved with concrete, a new trend in road construction.
1930 – July – The Veterans Administration Hospital was dedicated at Lyons in Bernards Township, and soon began receiving its first patients.
1931 – January 6 – The first electric train (3,000 volts direct current) runs on the Passaic and Delaware Branch of the Lackawanna Railroad from Summit to Gladstone. Thousands of people turned out in Bernardsville to welcome the train. Twelve cars made the initial run carrying 1,682 passengers.
1933 – Upon Walter Graeme Ladd's death of pneumonia on May 21, his will noted that after his wife Kate Macy's death (1945) the Natirar Estate in Peapack would become a convalescent home for women until May 21, 1983 – 50 years from his death. King Hassan II of Morocco then bought Natriar.
1935 – Tommy Dorsey – The "Sentimental Gentleman of Swing," purchases the red brick Tall Oaks estate on Old Army Road in Bernardsville as a summer home. He sold the estate in 1944.
1942 – The Hamilton Farm stables in Bedminster are converted to the first civilian base hospital for merchant marine seamen who had been wounded in World War II.
1943 – John Jacob Astor VI (_PHONE_) purchases the Baker Farm on South Maple Avenue (now Somerset County's Stable at Lord Stirling Park). Astor was the posthumous


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Appearance''Allium aflatunense'' is a 36-inch-tall bulbous perennial plant with basal, straplike leaves, and hollow, slightly ribbed scapes . The flower heads are dense, globular umbels, about 4 inches across, made up of numerous star-shaped, purplish-pink flowers. It flowers in May and June, with seeds ripening in August. It is commonly sold as a bulb.
''Allium aflatunense'' is often confused with ''A. hollandicum''.
Some text fragments are auto parsed from Wikipedia.


Wisdom From The Talmud - Lesson 2
Sandy Kress
Wisdom From The Talmud - Lesson 2 Plan
On Love - part 2
I. Re-cap and Introduction
II. Gems of Wisdom
Wisdom From The Talmud - 2
Part A
Ilfa pointed out a contradiction between two verses: It says, Abundant in Kindness" and then it says, and in Truth." How can this be? {How can God be kind and at the same time rigorously adhere to the truth?} {He reconciled the two:} At first {He judges with} the Attribute of Truth, but in the end, with Kindness.
R. Huna noted a similar contradiction: It says, God is just in all His ways," indicating that God's judgment is based on strict justice, – but the verse concludes, and kind in all His deeds," implying that He judges mercifully (Psalms 145:17). How can God be just and kind at the same time? – At first He rules in justice, but in the end {when He sees that the world cannot exist under strict justice (Rashi)} He rules with kindness.
Rosh Hashanah 17b
Wisdom From The Talmud - 2
Questions On Part A
 1. How can God be both just and kind? How can we be?
2. What obstacles do we have to overcome to be both?
3. Can we be both at the same time? Illustrate.
Wisdom From The Talmud - 2
Part B
R' Elazar said: Greater is one who performs charity (tzedakah) than one who offers any of the sacrifices, for it says, Doing what is right (tzedakah) or just is preferable to God than an offering." Proverbs 21:3
R' Elazar also said: Acts of kindness are greater than charity, for it says, Sow charity for yourselves, and you will reap according to kindness." Hosea 10:12
R' Elazar said furthermore: If a person does charity and justice, it is as if he had filled the whole world with kindness, for it says, If a person loves righteousness and justice, then the kindness of God fills the earth." Psalms 33:5
Sukkah 49b
Wisdom From The Talmud - 2
Questions On Part B
1. How could charity be considered more important than prayer or other offerings to God?
2. In what ways might acts of kindness be considered more important than charity?
3. Can you think of ways in which we can blend righteousness, kindness, and charity in our actions?
Wisdom From The Talmud - 2
Part C
Rabbi Yishmael ben Elisha (the High Priest) said: Once, on Yom Kippur, I entered the innermost part of the Sanctuary, the Holy of Holies, to offer incense and saw Akatriel Y-h, the Lord of Hosts, seated on a high and exalted throne.
He said to me: Yishmael, My son, bless Me."
I said to Him: May it be Your will that Your mercy overcome Your anger, and that Your mercy should dominate all Your other attributes, so that You conduct Yourself with Your children with mercy, and deal with them beyond the letter of the law."
And God nodded to me with His head and accepted the blessing.
This event teaches us that you should not take the blessing of an ordinary person lightly.
Berachot 7a
Wisdom From The Talmud - 2
Questions On Part C
1. What do you make of the fact that God asked the Priest to bless Him?
2. And what do you make of the blessing he made? Why do you think God accepted it (rather than perhaps being offended)?
3. How do you understand the stated lesson?
Wisdom From The Talmud - 2
Part D
So Eli (the priest) thought she was drunk. Eli said to her, 'How long will you be drunk? Put away your wine.'
And Hannah replied, 'Oh no, my lord! I am a woman sorrowful in spirit. I have drunk no wine or any other strong drink, but rather have been pouring out my soul before God. Do not take your maidservant for a worthless woman; I have only been speaking all this time out of my great anguish and distress.'
Then go in peace,' said Eli. 'And may the God of Israel grant you what you have asked of Him.'"
I Samuel 1:13-17; Berachot 31a-b
Wisdom From The Talmud - 2
Questions On Part D
1. Why might Eli have thought Hannah drunk? Why do you think he chastised her?
2. What was Hannah's response? What does it teach us?
3. Why are we taught that Eli tells her to go in peace and wishes for God to grant her what she's asked?
Wisdom From The Talmud - 2
Part E
There were some robbers in the neighborhood of Rabbi Meir who caused him a great deal of trouble. Rabbi Meir prayed that they should die.
His wife Beruriah said to him: What do you have in mind with this prayer? Why do you pray they should die? Is it because it says, 'May chataim disappear?' It does not say chotim, sinners; it says chataim, sins!"
And what's more," she said, look at the end of the verse. There it says, 'and the wicked will be no more.' Once the sins will disappear, there will be no more wicked men! Rather pray for them that they should repent, and there will be no more wicked men."
Rabbi Meir did pray for them, and they repented.
Berachot 10a
Wisdom From The Talmud - 2
Questions On Part E
1. Upon what sort of teaching might the Rabbi have thought the robbers should die?
2. Explain how his wife's use of Hebrew gets her to a different and better wisdom?
3. How does this wisdom align with other teaching you've experienced?
Wisdom From The Talmud - 2
Wrap-up and Take-aways.
Wisdom From The Talmud - Lesson 2
Home Page> < Wisdom from the Talmud Menu > < Top of Page >


Infinite sets of points in the Euclidean plane, even discrete sets, do not always have Euclidean minimum spanning trees. For instance, consider the points with coordinates
\[\left(i, \pm\left(1+\frac1i\right)\right),\]
for positive integers \(i\). You can connect the positive-\(y\) points and the negative-\(y\) points into two chains with edges of length less than two, but then you have to pick one edge of length greater than two to span from one chain to the other. Whichever edge you choose, the next edge along would always be a better choice. So a tree that minimizes the multiset of its edge weights (as finite minimum spanning trees do) does not exist for this example. And as the same example shows, the sum of edge weights may be infinite, so how can we use minimization of this sum to define a tree?
Discrete infinite set of points with no Euclidean minimum spanning tree
Despite that, here's a construction that works for any compact set, even one with infinitely many components, and that generalizes easily to higher-dimensional Euclidean spaces. I think it deserves to be called the Euclidean minimum spanning tree. Given a compact set \(C\), consider every partition \(C=A\cup (C\setminus A)\) of \(C\) into two disjoint nonempty compact subsets. For each such partition, find a line segment \(s_A\) of minimum length with endpoints in \(A\) and \(C\setminus A\), breaking ties lexicographically by coordinates. By the assumed compactness of \(A\) and \(C\setminus A\), such a line segment exists. Let \(T_C\) be the union of \(C\) itself and of all line segments obtained in this way. For example, the union of a triangle, square, and circle shown below has three partitions into two nonempty compact subsets, separating one of these three shapes from the other two. Two of these partitions choose the diagonal pink segment as their shortest connection, and the third partition chooses the horizontal pink segment. So in this case, \(T_C\) consists of the three blue given shapes and two pink segments.
Minimum spanning tree of a circle, square, and triangle
When \(C\) is a finite point set, \(T_C\) is just a Euclidean minimum spanning tree. When \(C\) has finitely many connected components, like the example above, \(T_C\) is again a minimum spanning tree, for the component-component distances. In the general case, \(T_C\) still has many of the familiar properties of Euclidean minimum spanning trees:
 - It consists of the input and a collection of line segments connecting pairs of input points, by construction.
 - It is a connected set. Topologically, this means that it cannot be covered by two disjoint open sets that both have a nonempty intersection with it. (This is different from being path-connected, a stronger property.) Any nontrivial open disjoint cover of \(C\) would be spanned by a line segment from one set to the other, and no new disjoint covers can separate these line segments from their endpoints.
 - For any added segment \(s_A\), the intersection of two disks with that segment as radius (a "lune") has no point of \(C\) in its interior. Any interior point would form one end of a shorter connecting segment between \(A\) and \(C\setminus A\), with the other end at an endpoint of \(s_A\). No two added segments can cross without violating the empty lune property.
 The empty lune of an edge
 - For any added segment \(s_A\), the open rhombus with angles \(60^\circ\) and \(120^\circ\) having \(s_A\) as its long diagonal is disjoint from the rhombi formed in the same way from the other segments. Any two overlapping rhombi would allow the longer of the two segments they come from to be replaced by a shorter segment crossing the same compact partition, on a three-segment path connecting its endpoints via the other segment endpoints. Because these non-overlapping rhombi cover a region of bounded area, the squared segment lengths have a bounded sum, and only finitely many segments can be longer than any given length threshold.
 An infinite minimum spanning tree and its empty rhombi
 - The union of \(C\) with any subset of added segments is compact. If \(p\) is a limit point of a sequence \(\sigma_i\) of points in this union, it must either lie in the empty rhombus of a segment (in which case it can only be a point of the same segment), or it is a limit point of a sequence of points in \(C\), obtained by replacing each point in \(\sigma_i\) that is interior to a segment by the nearest segment endpoint. This replacement only increases the distance from the replaced point to \(p\) by a constant factor, which does not affect convergence. By compactness the replaced sequence converges to a point in \(C\).
 - For any \(i\), the set \(T_i\) of the largest \(i\) added segments (with the same tie-breaking order) are edges of a minimum spanning tree for a family of \(i-1\) sets. To construct these sets, find the components of the union of \(C\) with all shorter segments, and intersect each component with \(C\). None of these components can cross between \(A\) and \(C\setminus A\) for any edge \(s_A\in T_i\). Because adding \(T_i\) connects all these components, there can be at most \(i-1\) components. Each edge in \(T_i\) is shortest (with a consistent tie-breaking rule) across some partition of the components, one of the ways of determining the edges in a finite minimum spanning tree. In particular, \(T_C\) is minimally connected: removing any edge \(s_A\in S_i\) separates some of the components from each other.
 - \(T_C\) has the minimum sum of squared edge lengths of all collections of line segments between points of \(C\) that connect \(C\). To see this, consider any other connecting set \(X\) of line segments with a finite sum of squared edge lengths. Truncate the sorted sequence of edges of \(T_C\) to a finite initial sequence \(T_i\) such that the rest of the sequence has negligible sum of squares. Because \(T_i\) is a minimum spanning tree of its components, and \(X\) connects those same components (perhaps redundantly), the sequence of edge lengths in \(T_i\) is, step for step, less than or equal to the sorted sequence of lengths in \(X\).
There may exist other sets of line segments that connect \(C\) with the same sum of squared edge lengths but they all are minimally connected, with the same sequence of edge lengths, the same empty lune and empty rhombus properties, and the same property that their initial sequences form finite minimum spanning trees of their components.
(Discuss on Mastodon)


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a set of records. These pre-defined aggregate functions can be used only with scalar data. However, you can create your own custom implementations of these functions, or define entirely new aggregate functions, to use with complex data--for example, with multimedia data stored using object types, opaque types, and LOBs.
User-defined aggregate functions are used in SQL DML statements just like Oracle's own built-in aggregates. Once such functions are registered with the server, Oracle simply invokes the aggregation routines that you supplied instead of the native ones.
User-defined aggregates can be used with scalar data as well. For example, it may be worthwhile to implement special aggregate functions for working with complex statistical data associated with financial or scientific applications.
User-defined aggregates are a feature of the Extensibility Framework. You implement them using
ODCIAggregate interface routines.
Oracle9i Data Cartridge Developer's Guide for information on using the
Partitioning addresses the key problem of supporting very large tables and indexes by allowing you to decompose them into smaller and more manageable pieces called partitions. Oracle extends partitioning capabilities by letting you partition tables that contain objects,
REFs, varrays, and nested tables. Varrays stored in
LOBs are equipartitioned in a way similar to
The following example partitions the purchase order table along zip codes (
ToZip), which is an attribute of the
ShipToAddr embedded column object. For the purposes of this example, the
LineItemList nested table was made a varray to illustrate storage for the partitioned varray.
Nested tables are allowed in tables that are partitioned; however, the storage table associated with the nested table is not partitioned.
Assuming that the
LineItemList is defined as a varray:
CREATE TYPE LineItemList_vartyp as varray(10000) of LineItem_objtyp; CREATE TYPE PurchaseOrder_typ AS OBJECT ( PONo NUMBER, Cust_ref REF Customer_objtyp, OrderDate DATE, ShipDate DATE, OrderForm BLOB, LineItemList LineItemList_vartyp, ShipToAddr Address_objtyp, MAP MEMBER FUNCTION ret_value RETURN NUMBER, MEMBER FUNCTION total_value RETURN NUMBER ); CREATE TABLE PurchaseOrders_tab of PurchaseOrder_typ LOB (OrderForm) store as (nocache logging) PARTITION BY RANGE (ShipToAddr.zip) (PARTITION PurOrderZone1_part VALUES LESS THAN ('59999') LOB (OrderForm) store as ( storage (INITIAL 10 MINEXTENTS 10 MAXEXTENTS 100)) VARRAY LineItemList store as LOB ( storage (INITIAL 10 MINEXTENTS 10 MAXEXTENTS 100)), PARTITION PurOrderZone6_part VALUES LESS THAN ('79999') LOB (OrderForm) store as ( storage (INITIAL 10 MINEXTENTS 10 MAXEXTENTS 100)) VARRAY LineItemList store as LOB ( storage (INITIAL 10 MINEXTENTS 10 MAXEXTENTS 100)), PARTITION PurOrderZoneO_part VALUES LESS THAN ('99999') LOB (OrderForm) store as ( storage (INITIAL 10 MINEXTENTS 10 MAXEXTENTS 100)) VARRAY LineItemList store as LOB ( storage (INITIAL 10 MINEXTENTS 10 MAXEXTENTS 100)));
Parallel query is supported on the objects synthesized in views.
To execute queries involving joins and sorts (using the
SET operations) in parallel, a
MAP function is needed. In the absence of a
MAP function, the query automatically becomes serial.
Parallel queries on nested table columns are not supported. Even in the presence of parallel hints or parallel attributes for the view, the query will be serial if it involves the nested table column.
Parallel DML is not supported on views with
INSTEAD-OF trigger. However, the individual statements within the trigger may be parallelized.
Collection types do not map directly to a native type or structure in languages such as C++ and Java. An application using those languages must access the contents of a collection through Oracle interfaces, such as OCI.
Generally, when the client accesses a nested table explicitly or implicitly (by fetching the containing object), Oracle returns the entire collection value to the client process. For performance reasons, a client may wish to delay or avoid retrieving the entire contents of the collection. Oracle handles this case for you by using a locator instead of the real nested table value. When you really access the contents of the collection, they are automatically transferred to the client.
A nested table locator is like a handle to the collection value. It attempts to preserve the value or copy semantics of the nested table by containing the database snapshot as of its time of retrieval. The snapshot helps the database retrieve the correct instantiation of the nested table value at a later time when the collection elements are fetched using the locator. The locator is scoped to a session and cannot be used across sessions. Since database snapshots are used, it is possible to get a "snapshot too old" error if there is a high update rate on the nested table. Unlike a LOB locator, the nested table locator is truly a locator and cannot be used to modify the collection instance.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
At LanguageHumanities, we're committed to delivering accurate, trustworthy information. Our expert-authored content is rigorously fact-checked and sourced from credible authorities. Discover how we uphold the highest standards in providing you with reliable knowledge.
"Making big bucks" is one of several idiomatic expressions that has to do with the generation of personal wealth. Sometimes phrased as raking in the big bucks, making big bucks implies earning a considerable salary or wage in comparison to the average income found in a given area. The concept also carries the implication that the individual who is earning this higher than average income is slowly amassing personal wealth that will in turn provide a very comfortable lifestyle.
Big bucks is often thought to have its origins in the use of the word "bucks" in reference to the US dollar bill. The idea of big bucks implies the accumulation of a large number of dollars, typically by earning the money as compensation for services rendered to an employer. Big bucks may also be earned by participation in any type of money making process, such as the dividend payments earned from holding shares of stock, or the interest that is accrued on bond issues. As long as an activity results in creating a flow of revenue for the individual, he or she may be said to earn big bucks as the result of their efforts.
Many people set the goal of making big bucks as part of the criteria for choosing a career path, or selecting a certain position with a certain employer once that path is determined. The idea is often to combine the skills and talents of the individual with a career in which those abilities can provide use to the employer as well as a measure of personal fulfillment to the employee. Along with those provisions, the desire to secure the highest possible salary or wage also comes into play, allowing the employee to be satisfied by that employment on multiple fronts.
It is important to note that there is no specific amount of earnings that must be reached in order for an individual to be the recipient of big bucks. Salary or wages that are considered very attractive in one economic environment may be average at best in a different setting, and considered to be nothing particularly spectacular. At times, the idiom may be used in derision, as a means of making fun of the relatively low wages or salary that someone makes in relation to the earnings of their peers. More commonly, the saying does have to do with making more money than others in the immediate social network.


home mission science technology multimedia education media
Observation Campaign
Observation Campaign Team Member—Anita Cochran
Anita Cochran
The following interview was conducted by the Stardust-NExT Education and Public Outreach team and Anita Cochran in May, 2012.
What was your role in the Stardust-NExT mission?
I was part of the wider astronomical community that contributed observations of the target comet to the effort!
Can you share one of the unique aspects of the Stardust-NExT mission that fascinates you most?
Getting to go back six years later and see what has changed on the comet in that time lends a fascinating insight into comet activity.
Is this the first NASA mission you've worked with? If no, explain
I was on the Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby Mission Imaging team.This mission was canceled before flight. I was a Co-Investigator on the Comet Nucleus Tour (CoNTour) Mission. I am also Co-Investigator on the Comet Hopper Mission (currently in the start-up stage of the mission).
What is your job outside of the Stardust-NExT mission?
I am the Assistant Director of the University of Texas McDonald.
What is the most interesting aspect about your job that you'd like people to know about?
Observing a comet in a way that has not been done before is fun. Being able to be paid for something that is so interesting is great.
As a child, what did you want to be when you grew up? Who inspired you? Please talk about the path that led you to your area of interest.
I knew I wanted to go into science at a relatively young age, though I did not narrow in on Physics until my senior year of High School. I was a Physics Major in college and my advisor wanted me to sample other sciences. I took an astronomy course and was hooked. Astronomy is just applied physics.
If there was one thing you want the younger generation to understand about space exploration, what would it be?
If you can dream it, it can happen. But if you want to be part of future space exploration, you need to keep studying math and science!
Looking at the stars/sky means spending many hours observing the sky. How many hours do you typically spend and have you discovered anything?
As an observational astronomer, I spend many nights a year observing the sky. I have discovered fundamental knowledge about my targets. My goal is understanding, not discovery.
See the world and understand its cultures.
< Back to Observation Campaign Team


Question: What Is Gain Value?
What is a gain account?
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
In financial accounting, a gain is the increase in net profit resulting from something other than the day to day earnings from recurrent operations, and are not associated with investments or withdrawals..
What is a gain?
A gain is an increase in the value of an asset or property. A gain arises if the selling price of the asset is higher than the original purchase price. … That said, a gain only truly matters when the asset is sold and the gains are realized as profit.
What are examples of gains?
Other examples of gains that could appear on a company's income statement include:Gain on sale of investments.Gain on sale of building.Gain on legal settlement.Gain on early extinguishment of debt.
What is a day gain?
Day gain is the difference between the total value of your account before the market opened today versus the value at this point in the trading day. … It's the value change in the securities you hold for that trading day only.
What is day gain loss?
Updated. Gains or losses are said to be "realized" when a stock (or other investment) that you own is actually sold. Unrealized gains and losses are also commonly known as "paper" profits or losses. An unrealized loss occurs when a stock decreases after an investor buys it, but has yet to sell it.
How does gain work?
Both gain and levels refer to the loudness of the audio. However, gain is the input level of the clips and volume is the output. In recording audio, gain is the first control that the microphone signal goes through in a mixer while levels are adjusted after that.
How do you calculate gain in electronics?
Amplifier gain is simply the ratio of the output divided-by the input. Gain has no units as its a ratio, but in Electronics it is commonly given the symbol "A", for Amplification. Then the gain of an amplifier is simply calculated as the "output signal divided by the input signal".
What is gain sensor?
Excess gain is a measure of the minumum light energy needed for reliable sensor operation. The light signal that your sensor emits is factory-calibrated to a certain level of performance.
What is gain in a circuit?
What is gain in math?
The Gain block multiplies the input by a constant value (gain). The input and the gain can each be a scalar, vector, or matrix. … The input and gain are then multiplied, and the result is converted to the output data type using the specified rounding and overflow modes.
At what percent gain should I sell stock?
Take Many Gains At 20%-25% When a stock is going the right direction, your decision making is not as easy. How long should you hold? Here's a specific rule to help boost your prospects for long-term stock investing success: Once your stock has broken out, take most of your profits when they reach 20% to 25%.
How the profit gain is expressed?
It measures the amount of net profit a company obtains per dollar of revenue gained. The net profit margin is equal to net profit (also known as net income) … divided by total revenue. In accounting, the terms "sales" and "revenue" can be, and often are, used interchangeably, to mean the same thing.
Why op amp has high gain?
The opamp inherently has an incredibly, unbelievably high voltage gain because it is a multistage, differentail amplifier designed to give that high voltage. The first two stages contribute to this gain by using current sources and active loads. What is a virtual short in an op-amp?
How do you find gain?
Determining Percentage Gain or Loss Take the selling price and subtract it from the initial purchase price. The result is the gain or loss. Take the gain or loss from the investment and divide it by the original amount or purchase price of the investment.
Can you have negative gain?
Negative gain means the output is inverted from the input. For the gain to be negative, the output would have to go down when the input goes up, which is clearly not happening in your case.
What is the formula of selling price?
selling price = (100 + profit%)cost price/100; [Here, cost price and profit% are known.] 1.
How do you reduce AMP gain?
In high quality amplifiers negative feedback is often used to reduce the gain of the amplifier. A particular benefit of this, is that any distortion of the signal or background noise produced by the amplifier is also reduced.
What is an example of accounting profit?
For example, if a person invested $100,000 to start a business and earned $120,000 in profit, their accounting profit would be $20,000. Economic profit, however, would add implicit costs, such as the opportunity cost of $50,000, which represents the salary they would have earned if they kept their day job.
What is gain from investment?
A capital gain is an increase in the value of a capital asset—either an investment or real estate—that gives it a higher value than the original purchase price. An investor does not have a capital gain until an investment is sold for a profit.
How do I gain from dB?
The ratio will be 1000/10 = 100, and the gain will be 10 * log 100 = 20 dB. It is much easier to calculate gain by converting the power to dBm first, so the gain of the above amplifier will be 30-10 = 20 dB. A simple reduction will reveal the gain. In tradition, all power is read in dBm and the gain is in dB.
What is profit and example?
Profit is a benefit or gain, usually monetary. An example of profit is the money a business has left after paying their expenses. … The amount of money received for goods and services minus the amount spent on same; excess revenue. See also profit Ã prendre.


SingingCat 0
SingingCat Module Development
The SingingCat Modules are entirely open-source. The components you may modify are:
 1. The Firmware on the module
 2. The Bootloader of the module
 3. The Firmware of the Wireless-chip
Most developers probably want to modify the application on the module. With this you can (for example):
and, if you are prepared to dive deeper into the code, you can modify pretty much every aspect of the module.
This section explains how you set up the development environment.
 1. Setup the IDE:
 We recommend "codeblocks" - a powerful IDE for C-Development. a preconfigured project file is within the git directory. You may download codeblocks from here:
 (Of course emacs or vi work just as well, if you prefer)
 2. Try it: open the file src-app/userhooks.c add "led_on(LED_BLUE);" to on_startup();
 3. Hit "build" in codeblocks (or make on the command line)
 4. verify you have a main1.bin in the directory "dist/firmware"
 5. Done - you have build the code....
If you want to flash this to modules, please read more here
Step 1: Opening the box


What Are the Main Costs of Hiring in Africa
Back to Knowledge Central
 Apr 25, 2020 Markets Africa Blueback Global
What Are the Main Costs of Hiring in Africa
Fortunately, Blueback Global can help your business overcome these challenges. Here are just a few considerations when hiring in Africa.
Recruitment Costs
The accepted standard measurement of hiring is the cost-per-hire metric. It calculates internal and external costs associated with sourcing, recruiting and filling open positions in your company.
Internal costs are money spent inside your company for hiring in Africa. This might include recruiter salaries, overhead, and hardware and software for tracking applicants.
External costs generally include items such as advertising and marketing, third-party hiring agencies, recruitment events, travel, background and reference checks, and more.
In 2016, a SHRM survey estimated the average cost per hire was $4,425, or approximately 15% percent of all HR-related expenses. That's substantial, but you do have options for filling jobs in Africa to minimize expense and to simplify the hiring process.
Our experienced global expansion agency can recommend what would work best for your business. They have the knowledge and foresight to reduce risk, so your business isn't blindsided by unexpected expenses.
Labor Law Compliance Expenses
The International Labor Organization reports most African nations ratified basic human rights conventions. However, areas such as minimum wages, social security, occupational safety and health, and other legislative issues are less defined in many regions.
Consequently, labor laws change often and quickly. South Africa recently moved from a recommended to a mandatory minimum wage in 2018. Nigeria is currently discussing changes to their minimum wage law too.
Labor laws are always in flux; nonetheless, foreign businesses must adhere to local and regional laws for workers in Africa.
Large corporations may have the HR resources to monitor legislative changes, yet smaller enterprises can find this a significant challenge unless they rely on a global partner to ensure compliance in Africa.
Bureaucratic Costs
Some African countries encourage foreign business and simplify the startup process. Others make it very difficult, and expensive, to establish and operate a company within their borders.
According to Forbes' Best Countries for Business, the small East African island of Mauritius is a better choice than many European countries. Ranked 39th globally, they have progressive business policies to spur economic growth.
Compare that to the landlocked Central African Republic, ranked 161st. They lack proper transportation, a skilled workforce, political stability, and sound economic policies.
It may be worthwhile to jump through bureaucratic hoops when potential profits merit it. Many factors can derail your international expansion plans if you're not aware of issues that could affect your business.
Blueback Global experts can help you choose the region best-suited for your company, so you can avoid excessive bureaucratic costs. Get the workers you need quickly and reduce startup expenses and costs of hiring in Africa.
Tax Compliance
An effective, well-developed tax system makes it easier to operate in Africa. It lowers operational risk and ensures stability for infrastructure, fair treatment, and governmental transparency.
Many African countries make it difficult to manage and submit taxes. They lack the technology and infrastructure needed.
Fortunately, some countries are progressive and have simplified tax compliance. A PWC report mentions Kenya now an I-Tax system for filing and paying taxes online. Mauritania has simplified tax compliance and decreased the number of tax filings or payments.
Tax avoidance and evasion are still a major problem in many African nations. As a result, governments collect less tax than needed, which creates economic and social instability.
For example, The Globalist reports only "9% of Nigerian companies pay corporate tax, while only 12% of registered businesses comply with VAT obligations."
While this may sound like a great way for a foreign company to reduce expenses, it isn't. The Globalist adds almost all Nigerian businesses are unregistered, which isn't an option for foreigners. This puts foreign business at a distinct disadvantage from the get-go.
Additionally, corporate tax rates vary drastically between regions. 2018 Tax Foundation data, states the country of Comoros in Africa has one of the highest corporate tax rates on the planet (50%).
Blueback Global can recommend the best areas for your business. We also have in-country experts tracking regulatory changes and requirements to manage tax compliance and reduce your costs of hiring in Africa.
Trade Area
Most countries in Africa have joined The African Continental Free Trade Area, making it the largest trade coalition in the world. This is important for foreign businesses as once fully-ratified; it will remove tariffs from 90% of goods, allowing free access to commodities, goods, and services across the continent.
Additionally, the arrangement could offer new opportunities in areas such as manufacturing and agriculture, boost employment, and encourage free movement of the African talent pool.
As of April 2019, Benin, Botswana, Eritrea, Guinea-Bissau, Nigeria, and Zambia are not part of the agreement. Consequently, operating in these nations could increase a company's costs of hiring in Africa.
Mandatory Contributions
African countries also demand mandatory contributions borne by the company. These include social security contributions such as unemployment, solidarity, public pension, housing, and education funds.
Legislations vary widely between African nations and change often. For instance, Tunisia recently introduced an additional corporate income tax contribution of 7.5% of taxable profits.
UHY International suggests Nigeria's average employment costs are higher than the U.S., Canada, and many European countries.
Choosing the best African country for your business must include a review of mandatory corporate contributions. Fortunately, your business may have options to reduce or eliminate many of the costs of hiring in Africa.
Labor Relations
Some areas of Africa rely heavily on labor unions. As an example, South Africans have a legal right under the constitution to join a trade union and they represent 25% of the formal work force.
Unions can strike, and most of the strikes in the public sector are driven by wage disputes. For instance, in 2014 platinum workers went on strike demanding at immediate doubling of their wages. Even though they eventually settled for much less over three years, it was the longest and most expensive strike in South African history.
In 2012, a series of strikes for higher wages and improved employment opportunities were even more noteworthy. Agricultural strikes by Western Cape Farm Workers' led to 3 deaths, millions of dollars in damages, and a 52% increase in the official minimum wage.
Not all African governments treat workers fairly, even when they make agreements with unions. They may renege on promises of wage increases or reforms.
As a result, it is very important your business understands which African regions offer favorable business opportunities, and which to avoid for minimal costs of hiring in Africa.
Blueback Global is your international business expansion expert. We offer African business expansion advice and services including business set up, global payroll, accounting and reporting, statutory compliance, immigration support, recruitment and hiring, and more.
With a network of African professionals each with regional knowledge and local business savvy, we simplify doing business in Africa. We're well-positioned, highly-experienced, and can help you overcome your multinational business challenges.
Contact us for a free consultation and cut through the complications of your African business expansion.
Contact Blueback Global Today!


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Deerfield Beach is the northernmost city in Broward County. Boca Raton in Palm Beach County is the north neighbor. Deerfield goes north to the Hillsboro River just north of Hillsboro Boulevard, west to Florida's Turnpike, south to Sample Road and for the most part, east to the ocean north of NE 54th Street which is the north /south border for Lighthouse Point and Deerfield Beach.
Deerfield was a lush area. Back in the late 1870's was when folks began to realize the potential of this swampy coastal land, dense with vines and foliage; wild fig trees, saw palmetto, cabbage palms and beautiful pine groves that grew alongside the lovely Hillsboro River. By the late 1890's there were a few homes nestled along the meandering Hillsboro River. This river was named in the late eighteenth century after the Earl of Hillsboro to whom his land was granted by King George III of England
Henry Flagler was busy bringing his railroad south, which extended south to the coastline of Miami in the spring of 1896. By that time, Key West and Miami were both flourishing villages. Palm Beach was gaining notoriety as a chic winter resort. With the introduction of train travel this tropical area of SE Florida was exposed to others than the native Seminole Indians who lived inland. On June 22, 1898 the very first post office in Deerfield was established to serve a total of 20 settlers. The name Deerfield is said to be indicative of the native population of deer that grazed along the Hillsboro River. It was said that there was a small wooden bridge that crossed the stream west of the railroad tracks and that led to what would later become beautiful Boca Raton.
The economy was driven by sales of local produce. Deerfield tomatoes were among the best in the state. In 1911 the Hillsboro River was dredged and renamed the Hillsboro Canal and connecting it to Lake Okeechobee over 45 miles to the northwest. The town was incorporated June 11, 1925 and a public library was opened to serve the towns approximately 1,300 residents. In 1939 the name of the town was changed to Deerfield Beach and the residents numbered around 1,800. The name Deerfield was chosen as many deer roamed and lived around the Hillsboro River.
After World War II the landscape began to change as tourists arrived to enjoy the beautiful coastline and tropical temperatures. Many hotels and motels were built along the coastline at that time, many still standing now. In 1947 the Lion's Club was formed and their first project was to create Pioneer Park along the banks of the Hillsboro Canal. They cleared the land, made an area to barbeque and to picnic, a baseball diamond with spectator stands. Since then the park has been expanded and now is home to boat ramps, several recreational buildings and lighted tennis courts. To raise funds for the project the Lions club had several chicken and rib barbeques. They were so popular and successful that this is now held as an annual celebration called "Founders' Day".
In 1951 the name was once again changed to The City of Deerfield Beach. As tourism picked up and agriculture took a bit of a back seat, the population became more diversified. As of the 2020 census the population of Deerfield is approximately 89,000 or so and the economy is more diverse including tourism, manufacturing, office employ and distribution to name a few. For some wonderful historical information and wonderful photos of Deerfield Beach please visit The Deerfield Beach Historical Society.
The Deerfield Beach Historical Society has a wonderful presentation on their site of 52 Deerfield Moments. Here's a link: _URL_
Sorry we are experiencing system issues. Please try again.


They're stopping ActivInspire? (updated 6-20-20)
They're going to stop ActivInspire?
No, but... ActivInspire, the software that many of our teachers use with their interactive whiteboards, needs Adobe Flash player to work with embedded items (see the system requirements; currently it needs at least Adobe Flash 11).
The lastest update to ActivInspire made it a more robust 64-bit piece of software, but it lost some abilities. When Flash Player is absent, there is a potential you may lose some of the special functions. You will be able to write on the whiteboard part of activinspire, but niche functions you rely on may not be there.
In 2017, Adobe announced "we remain committed to supporting Flash through 2020". They have recently announced support will end Dec 31, 2020. This will even impact Acrobat Reader.
If you look at the link about support ending Dec 31, 2020, the FAQ section (emphasis mine):
 1. Will Adobe make previous versions of Adobe Flash Player available for download after 2020?
Adobe Flash has had vulnerabilities that programmers with bad intentions have exploited to cause data to be shared without the user's knowledge, malware and viruses to be installed, and other undesirable actions. The software updates to flash plug and prevent these exploits. If it's no longer updated, it will likely be exploited.
The term EOL refers to End of Life. EOL means no more updates to that software.
You need security updates to keep your computer safe.
The same people who make ActivInspire make Classflow. Classflow does not use Flash player. Classflow can import your flipcharts, so that you do not have to start over from scratch.
If you have a Promethean Planet username and password, you can use that to log into Classflow. If not, you can create a free teacher account.
You can import your flipcharts from ActivInspire into Classflow by clicking the resources button, clicking the new button and then clicking on File Upload.
Click resources, then click the New button, then click on File Upload


text:
Russian Peasants Go To Court
How Different a Justice?
Bleaching canvas on the roof of a peasant home in winter, Moscow Province.
From the collection of Mikhail Zolotarev.
The final chapter of Russian Peasants Go to Court considers the significance of peasant jurisprudence, and presents an account of peasant legal practice strongly at odds with received ideas about peasant traditionalism and backwardness. The township courts of rural Russia provide a window on the values of peasant litigators and on participatory social transformation in rural Russia during the early twentieth century.
© 2004 Jane Burbank, New York University
with permission from Indiana University Press


Using the Blackboard to Transfer Machine Information from SiteRemote to SiteKiosk Windows
A team on the remote management solution SiteRemote enables you to manage your SiteKiosk machines by assigning them to folders and tags. You can also assign address information like the location of the machine or the responsible maintenance person. This information can also come in handy on the client machines. For example you may use it to display different content based on the location address or the assignment to a specific folder or tag. This also means, that whenever you change this information on the server you can directly make use of that change on the client.
Let's find out how to get the information from the SiteRemote server. We will use the SiteKiosk Object Model inside an HTML page running in the SiteKiosk Windows browser. The SiteKiosk Object Model provides the ReadBlackboardAsString method. We will use that method to get the name of the SiteRemote team the machine is registered to, the SiteRemote display name of the machine, the folder and tags the machine is associated to and the address information assigned to the machine. For our example the setup lools like this:
The ReadBlackboardAsString method accepts a string as parameter that specifies the requested information (see the Remarks part here for further information) as shown in this example excerpt:
//Get the name of the SiteRemote team the machine is registered with.
document.getElementById("teamname").innerHTML = SiteRemotePlugin.ReadBlackboardAsString('StC.TeamInfo.Name');
//Get the display name of the machine in the SiteRemote team it is registered with.
document.getElementById("machinename").innerHTML = SiteRemotePlugin.ReadBlackboardAsString('StC.MachineInfo.Name');
//Get the folders and tags the machine is part of.
document.getElementById("groupstags").innerHTML = SplitBlackBoardStrings(SiteRemotePlugin.ReadBlackboardAsString('StC.MachineInfo.LocationInTreeview'));
//Get address information for the machine, e.g. location, maintenance contact.
document.getElementById("supportinfo").innerHTML = SplitBlackBoardStrings(SiteRemotePlugin.ReadBlackboardAsString('StC.MachineInfo.SupportInfo'));
The method returns a string with the SiteRemote blackboard information. Be aware that the string is in JSON format. You can either handle it as a normal string, just like in the above example, which is why the information for the group/tag membership and the address information is processed in an additional method (see the full example code below to see the code of that method) that splits the string at every comma. You can also work with the string in JSON format, for which you may need to add additonal script, see the Examples part here for more information.
The full example code we can build around the reading of the SiteRemote blackboard looks like this:

 <title>SiteKiosk Blackboard Example</title>

 This machine is part of the SiteRemote Team [Information not yet available. Please wait.] and
 its display name on the SiteRemote server is [Information not yet available. Please wait.].

 The machine is assigned to the following groups and tags:

 [Information not yet available. Please wait.]

 These addresses are available for the machine:

 [Information not yet available. Please wait.]

 This machine is not registered with SiteRemote!

If you save the example code as an HTML page and place it in the html subfolder of your SiteKiosk installation and then configure SiteKiosk to use it as a start page you will get output similar to this:
Note that of course this requires that you register your SiteKiosk Windows client with a SiteRemote server and assign tags and address information to it. As you can see above the address information may include empty fields, if those values have not been provided when creating the address information. You can sort through those with standard Javascript string handling procedures.
For further reading you may want to have a look at the AttachBlackboardListener and DetachBlackboardListener methods, that will enable you to automatically and continously listen for changes to blackboard information on the SiteRemote server, so that the client can immediately react to those changes.
How to Use SiteRemote to License Your SiteKiosk Android Devices
Of course you can always apply your SiteKiosk Android license to each of your devices manually by using the configuration editor. But to spare you some repetitive work or even the trip to the device, you can easily use the Job feature of SiteRemote to remotely apply a license to your SiteKiosk Android devices. This can be a device that is previously not licensed or one that you want to change the license on.
Note that you need the SiteKiosk Android version you can get from our website and not the SiteKiosk Android Lite version from the Google Play Store.
First you have to login to your SiteRemote team. Then you select the SiteKiosk tab and choose Jobs from the submenu. On the next page you choose to create a new job. Make sure to use "SiteKiosk Android" as the client type and "


Sign up ×
I've been reading something about Quantum Mechanics where they introduce the maths slightly more rigorously. They talk about vector spaces and an inner product which yields a scalar. Moreover complex conjugation appears.
Of course I know about complex numbers, but is there a more general framework which defines more generally what a scalar means and also what conjugation (and inner product) means? Maybe some more general algebra which also satisfies some minimum axioms?
share|cite|improve this question
2 Answers 2
up vote 3 down vote accepted
In the context of vector spaces, a scalar is a member of the underlying field.
An inner product is a special kind of bilinear form on a vector space over the reals or complexes. Inner products satisfy conjugate symmetry, which over the reals is just plain symmetry.
share|cite|improve this answer
I guess I have to look up more closely what field and vector space means. Can scalars be something else than reals or complex numbers? – Gerenuk Feb 15 '12 at 12:37
I'll go through these, but I'm not an expert to see the general picture confidently enough and not make premature judgements. So can scalars in vector spaces be something different than real numbers or complex numbers? – Gerenuk Feb 15 '12 at 14:58
_USER_, sure. The reals are a vector space over the rationals and so are polynomials with rational coefficients and the set $\mathbb Q(\sqrt 2)=\{ a + b \sqrt 2 : a,b \in\mathbb Q\} \subset \mathbb R$. – lhf Feb 15 '12 at 15:03
Thanks! Hmm, not sure if I understand it right. I basically wonder if the result of the inner product of two vectors can be something different than a real number or a complex number. You are saying they can? And if such algebra exists, how would you define the general conjugation neccessary for the definition or inner product? – Gerenuk Feb 15 '12 at 15:25
To nit-pick on your question, scalars could be anything that you can define a field with. As long as you also define addition, subtraction, commutative multiplication, and division without zero, your scalars might be rabbits, or anything. Of course, this is completely equivalent to choosing numbers instead.
The concept of a "number" extends to hypercomplex numbers like quaternions or octonions. However, their multiplication is not commutative, and hence they do not form a field. A vector space requires an underlying field. Multiplication of integer, rational, real, or complex numbers satisfy commutativity. This, among other requirements, makes them candidates for fields.
Refer to the Wikipedia article on fields to get an impression of more possibilities, most notably finite fields.
In the context of modules (a generalized notion of vector spaces), a scalar is not required to form a field, but only a ring instead, i.e., division need not be defined. This includes quaternions as scalars, in this context (!). Considering the fact that you delve in quantum mechanics, you might want to extend these notions to octonions as well. Many arithmetic and algebraic lemmata also apply to these.
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For completion, some (as far as I know, French) authors develop the theory of vector fields in the generality of division rings (not necessairly commutative). – G. Sassatelli May 18 at 11:37
Yes, a division ring (or skew field) is a special case of a ring,, namely one with division. The ring of quaternions is an example of a non-commutative division ring. – Douba May 18 at 13:26
I actually thought I had deleted that comment... Well, I'm sorry, you have a point. – G. Sassatelli May 18 at 13:37
Your Answer


Distributed tuning job count
 Type: int
 Default value: 0
 Minimum value: 0
 Maximum value: MAXINT
Enables distributed parallel tuning, which can significantly increase the performance of the tuning tool. A value of n causes the tuning tool to distribute tuning work among n parallel jobs. These jobs are distributed among a set of machines. Use the WorkerPool parameter to provide a distributed worker cluster.
Note that distributed tuning is most effective when the worker machines have similar performance. Distributed tuning doesn't attempt to normalize performance by server, so it can incorrectly attribute a boost in performance to a parameter change when the associated setting is tried on a worker that is significantly faster than the others.
One important note about integer-valued parameters: while the maximum value that can be stored in a signed integer is $2^{31}-1$, we use a MAXINT value of 2,000,000,000. Attempting to set an integer parameter to a value larger than this maximum will produce an error.
For examples of how to query or modify parameter values from our different APIs, refer to our Parameter Examples.


text:
The seven components forming the primary level of education at a university: During the medieval period these seven components were grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music.
Related term(s): Quadrivium; Trivium
Category: Universities and Education
Last modified: 08.06.05
Source information: Singman, Jeffrey L. Daily Life in Medieval Europe. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1999. 203.


How can I develop and deploy a DApp (Decentralized Application) on Qtum?
DApps use a smart contract working with external servers and user interfaces. Qtum smart contracts are written in the Solidity programming language and compiled to EVM bytecode. That code is published to the blockchain using a contract create transaction which costs approximately 1.1 QTUM in gas and transaction fees. The smart contract operation can be linked with a server and user interfaces (for example on web or mobile apps) to complete the Decentralized Application. Publishing a smart contract on Qtum is permissionless (anyone can do it). Qtum smart contract and DApp development follows familiar patterns from Ethereum and web/mobile apps. To engage with Qtum's experienced DApp team please submit the DApp application form.Have you had a chance to answer the previous question?
How do I set the confirmation number when the exchange handles user recharge?
Recommended to be set to 10 to 20.
How does the exchange handle the recharge of the QRC20 Token?
Please refer to QRC20 Integration Technical Document
What is the BIP44 Coin Type value of Qtum?
BIP44 Coin Type is 88.
What is the difference between Qtum and Bitcoin RPC interface?
In addition to adding createcontract\sendtocontract\callcontract\searchlogs\gettransactionreceipt, all the rest of the RPC interfaces are almost identical to Bitcoin.
How to set the gas limit and price of calling contract?
It is recommended to fix the gas price to 0.00000040. For QRC20 Token transactions, the gas limit is recommended to be set to 250000.
How is the remaining gas returned after the contract is called?
When the transaction is confirmed, the more paid gas will be in the second transaction of the block in the form of a coin stake transaction.
How to get test coins?
Please go to Testnet Faucet to apply.
Does Qtum support calling contracts with multiple signature addresses?
Multi-signature currently does not support calling contracts and sending and receiving QRC20 Tokens. It is planned that this feature will be implemented in x86 virtual machines.
What public APIs are available for Qtum nodes, how do you use them? API Documentation ExamplesMainnet API = Testnet API = Block data： Transaction data ：
How to use mobile wallet API?
Documentation Examples: Unspent transactions Last added contracts
See also the iOS wallet code RequestManager.m and the Android code, which should give all the calls these wallets use with this mobile API.
Do you have an Amazon AWS platform?
Yes, Qtum's development platform is available on Amazon Web Services. Users across the enterprise and elsewhere will now be able to develop and deploy their own smart contracts from this ready-to-use Amazon Machine Image (AMI) featuring Qtum core, and the Qmix Integrated Development Environment (IDE). Blog AWS AMI
What wallets/nodes are available for smart contract transactions?
1. The Qtum Core wallet is a full node with smart contract capability via GUI or command line. Available for multiple platforms. Works on Mainnet, Testnet & Regtest. Documentation Releases
2. The Qtum web wallet is a light wallet that can create, send and call contracts, but currently can't send QTUM to a contract address. Works on Mainnet and Testnet. Documentation Wallet Website
3. The Chrome extension Qrypto is a light wallet that can make DApp interface contract calls through the Qweb3 library. Works on Mainnet, Testnet & Regtest Documentation Plugin Qweb3 library
What developer blogs are available?
See Qtum101 at such as: QTUM: Decentralized Governance Protocol Video Demo Atomic Cross-Chain Swaps on Qtum How to: Build a DApp based on Qtum and IPFS QTUM Tutorial: Building a Contract Calling Raw Transaction Developers Guide to the Qtum GitHub
See Unita blogs at such as: QtumX Reaches 10,000 TPS in Benchmark Tests Atomic Cross-Chain Swaps on Qtum DDAO: Decentralized Data Access Object SCAR: A New Scalable Consensus Algorithm
How can I use the Explorers to monitor smart contract transactions?
See transaction detail and the event log with, for example Click on the red script to expand.
See QRC20 balances by entering an address in the "BalanceOf" field for a contract, for example
See the storage table, for example
How can I setup Docker and run a Regtest Qtum node?
IAME blog
How do I access the Qtum Testnet?
User guide Explorer Explorer 2 Faucet!/
Is there a command line smart contract tool like solc for Qtum?
Yes, see solar
Is there a web IDE like remix for Qtum?
Yes, Qmix


Features Of Disposable Paper Bowl
 - The current paper bowl is still a kind of container, but the original design intention is to pay more attention to its environmental protection, so its barrier performance is worse than that of plastic bowls or foamed vinyl bowls. Of course, this problem has also been improved by adding coating, compounding, and other processes. Because paper bowls are made from materials that are relatively safe and environmentally friendly, compared to plastic bowls, disposable paper bowl is more comfortable for people to use and easier to pack.
 In fact, one sentence to summarize the characteristics of disposable paper bowls is that they are safe and hygienic, convenient and lightweight, and can be used in public places, restaurants, restaurants, and other places. Although disposable paper bowls are very useful, we still need to pay attention to whether there is valid information on the packaging that is standard by the manufacturer, such as production date, product implementation standards, and so on.
 Finally, disposable paper bowls and disposable wooden tableware are items that are easy to carry, and they are all environmentally friendly. How to choose depends on what you need.


POV-Ray : Newsgroups : povray.documentation.inbuilt : Mysterious function argument Server Time
25 May 2024 03:17:56 EDT (-0400)
 Mysterious function argument (Message 1 to 10 of 20)
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From: Cousin Ricky
Subject: Mysterious function argument
Date: 30 Sep 2021 09:39:42
Message: <6155be1e$_EMAIL_>
The reference manual (section 3.3.1.8.3, or 2.3.1.8.3 in the wiki) gives
the following as a legal function definition:
 #declare foo3 = function(k1, k2, z, y) { x + y * z + k1 * y + k2 }
The function body refers to x, even though x is not one of the declared
arguments. But the function still works, somehow. The following scene
----------[BEGIN SCENE]----------
#version max (3.5, min (3.8, version));
global_settings { assumed_gamma 1 }
#declare foo3 = function(k1, k2, z, y) { x + y * z + k1 * y + k2 }
#declare G = foo3 (1, 2, 3, 4);
#debug concat ("G = ", str (G, 0, 1), "\n")
-----------[END SCENE]-----------
yields the output:
G = 18.0
Manually working through the function yields
 x + y * z + k1 * y + k2
= x + 4 * 3 + 1 * 4 + 2
= x + 12 + 4 + 2
= x + 18
This suggests that POV-Ray pre-assigned 0 to x. That this construction
is given as an example suggests that this is a significant feature
(however inadvisable to use), and not just a parser glitch. Shouldn't
there be some explanation of this feature?
Post a reply to this message
From: B Gimeno
Subject: Re: Mysterious function argument
Date: 30 Sep 2021 13:05:00
Message: <_EMAIL_>
Cousin Ricky <ric### [at] yahoocom> wrote:
> This suggests that POV-Ray pre-assigned 0 to x. That this construction
> is given as an example suggests that this is a significant feature
> (however inadvisable to use), and not just a parser glitch. Shouldn't
> there be some explanation of this feature?
_URL_
"All built-in vector identifiers never change value. They are defined as though
the following lines were at the start of every scene.
#declare x = <1, 0, 0>;
#declare y = <0, 1, 0>;
#declare z = <0, 0, 1>;
#declare t = <0, 0, 0, 1>;
#declare u = <1, 0>;
#declare v = <0, 1>;
It shouldn't be like you say. But by the trunk of the fifth elephant that it is.
B. Gimeno
Post a reply to this message
From: Bald Eagle
Subject: Re: Mysterious function argument
Date: 30 Sep 2021 13:30:00
Message: <_EMAIL_>
"B. Gimeno" <nomail@nomail> wrote:
> Cousin Ricky <ric### [at] yahoocom> wrote:
>
> > This suggests that POV-Ray pre-assigned 0 to x. That this construction
> > is given as an example suggests that this is a significant feature
> > (however inadvisable to use), and not just a parser glitch. Shouldn't
> > there be some explanation of this feature?
>
> _URL_
>
> "All built-in vector identifiers never change value. They are defined as though
> the following lines were at the start of every scene.
>
> #declare x = <1, 0, 0>;
> #declare y = <0, 1, 0>;
> #declare z = <0, 0, 1>;
> #declare t = <0, 0, 0, 1>;
> #declare u = <1, 0>;
> #declare v = <0, 1>;
>
>
> It shouldn't be like you say. But by the trunk of the fifth elephant that it is.
>
> B. Gimeno
Right, but those are if you're accessing those values from the regular parser.
When you access them from the _function parser / VM_, you get a different set of
values. I made a post about this once - and of course I can't find it ATM.
AFAIK, if you use all of those identifiers in a function, they will all return
zero until you assign them a value by passing a value into the function call
using that variable name.
As Ricky says, it's certainly a useful "feature", but could probably use a good
post, some example code, or at some point, a more detailed explanation in the
documentation.
Post a reply to this message
From: William F Pokorny
Subject: Re: Mysterious function argument
Date: 30 Sep 2021 13:46:26
Message: <6155f7f2$_EMAIL_>
On 9/30/21 1:27 PM, Bald Eagle wrote:
> AFAIK, if you use all of those identifiers in a function, they will all return
> zero until you assign them a value by passing a value into the function call
> using that variable name.
Excepting 't'. In the function body use of 't' where it is otherwise not
defined results in:
File 'wham.inc' line 19:
Parse Error:
Expected 'operand', 't' found instead
Fatal error in parser: Cannot parse input.
Render failed
Aside: I've been playing with other stuff most of the day, but
we have too that function { pattern {} } mode where you don't - cannot -
specify an argument list for the function. In that case I expect all the
values are whatever was passed to 'pattern' for x|u,y|v,z. Should verify
u and v set to x and y I guess, but expect that the case.
Bill P.
Post a reply to this message
From: Cousin Ricky
Subject: Re: Mysterious function argument
Date: 30 Sep 2021 17:44:43
Message: <61562fcb$_EMAIL_>
On 2021-09-30 1:03 PM (-4), B. Gimeno wrote:
>
> "All built-in vector identifiers never change value. They are defined as though
> the following lines were at the start of every scene.
>
> #declare x = <1, 0, 0>;
> #declare y = <0, 1, 0>;
> #declare z = <0, 0, 1>;
> #declare t = <0, 0, 0, 1>;
> #declare u = <1, 0>;
> #declare v = <0, 1>;
This does not apply in the context of function parameters. Function
parameters are not vector constants, but variable scalars.
In the foo3 example in particular, you can see that the pre-declared
value of x is not used: 0 does not equal <1, 0, 0>.
Post a reply to this message
From: Cousin Ricky
Subject: Re: Mysterious function argument
Date: 30 Sep 2021 17:50:55
Message: <6156313f$_EMAIL_>
On 2021-09-30 1:27 PM (-4), Bald Eagle wrote:
>
> As Ricky says, it's certainly a useful "feature",
Hardly. I think it's a horrible feature.
My point was that if it's significant enough to use in an example, then it
> [...] could probably use a good
> post, some example code, or at some point, a more detailed explanation in the
> documentation.
Post a reply to this message
From: Bald Eagle
Subject: Re: Mysterious function argument
Date: 30 Sep 2021 18:00:00
Message: <_EMAIL_>
Cousin Ricky <ric### [at] yahoocom> wrote:
> On 2021-09-30 1:27 PM (-4), Bald Eagle wrote:
> >
> > As Ricky says, it's certainly a useful "feature",
>
> Hardly. I think it's a horrible feature.
A horribly useful feature then. :D
Post a reply to this message
From: Bald Eagle
Subject: Re: Mysterious function argument
Date: 30 Sep 2021 18:30:00
Message: <_EMAIL_>
William F Pokorny <ano### [at] anonymousorg> wrote:
> Aside: I've been playing with other stuff most of the day, but
> we have too that function { pattern {} } mode where you don't - cannot -
> specify an argument list for the function. In that case I expect all the
> values are whatever was passed to 'pattern' for x|u,y|v,z. Should verify
> u and v set to x and y I guess, but expect that


You are here
Kelvin Thomson unveils population reform plan at Royal Park Protection Group AGM
What a coup for long-time environment and democracy activist, Julianne Bell! Last night in Melbourne at the AGM of the Royal Park Protection Group, federal ALP Member for Wills, Hon Kelvin Thomson announced and detailed his 14 point plan for population reform, which is reproduced at the end of this article.
The plan was well received by an audience composed of the Royal Park Protection Group [RPPG] members of members of other Victorian community groups.
Questions from the audience indicated a high degree of engagement with the topic both on the local and global level.
Lifelong concern for Australia's native animals
After delivering his plan, Kelvin Thomson spoke of his lifelong interest in Australia's unique native fauna, and his concern that it can very easily be extinguished mainly through through loss of habitat and that our compassion should extend to living creatures other than humans. He said that many small species will disappear and not even be noticed by most people however be a loss to bio-diversity all the same.
Thomson also referred to the more iconic example of the koala whose perilous survival has been most recently in the news. He pointed out that there are only as many koalas remaining in the wild as there are additional humans in Australia every few weeks!
Kelvin Thomson expressed his concern that Australians need to leave our continent in as good condition as it was when we found it.
A motion at the end of the meeting was passed unanimously and in support of Kelvin's position which also called for a population summit.
Royal Park Protection Group an appropriate host
It was very appropriate that RPPG host this ground-breaking speech because RPPG was formed to defend 20 ha of Royal Park, in the heart of Melbourne, from being sold off by the Bracks government to Australand (Singapore majority owned) developers for a housing estate which was advertised worldwide to prospective immigrants. After this extraordinary gift of the peoples' land, the Bracks government even gave Australand $80m of tax payers money, purportedly in exchange for 10 days use of the land for the Commonwealth Games. Unable to win against the might of corporations and government, and with little help from Victorian unions, RPPG members went on to form Protectors of Public Land (Vic) and have now led Victorians in organising against the destruction of democracy and public land for commercial interests profiting from politically engineered population growth.
Where to from here? Population Reform - Political Challenges!
Kelvin Thomson will be the guest speaker at a Public meeting run by
Sustainable Population Australia (Victorian branch)
on Sunday November 29th at 3.00pm.
Topic: Population reformPolitical challenges
At: Meeting Room 1 North Melbourne Library 66 Errol St. North Melbourne.
All welcome.
Enquiries to jillq[AT]
Tonight I am releasing for discussion a 14 point plan for population reform.
The first 11 points go to how we can stabilise Australia's population.
2. Cut the skilled migration program to 25,000 per annum.
3. Hold the family reunion program at 50,000 per annum.
4. Increase the refugee program from 13,750 to 20,000 per annum.
6. The revised number of annual permanent arrivals from these programs would be 95,000 - 50,000 family reunion plus 25,000 skilled plus 20,000 refugees. Two more factors need to be considered: the number of people departing permanently from Australia, and the number of people arriving permanently from New Zealand. To reach a net overseas annual migration target of 70,000, the number of automatic places available for New Zealanders needs to be restricted to the number of departures from Australia over and above 25,000. The Trans Tasman Travel Arrangement would be renegotiated to achieve this, splitting available places for New Zealanders equally between skilled migrants and family reunion, and allowing New Zealanders to also apply and compete with other applicants under these normal migration programs.
7. Reduce temporary migration to Australia by restricting sub-class 457 temporary entry visas to medical and health related and professional engineering occupations.
8. Require overseas students to return to their country of origin and complete a two-year cooling off period before being eligible to apply for permanent residence.
9. Abolish the Baby Bonus.
The final three points go to how we can play a role in helping stabilise global population.
12. Increase Australia's aid to meet the United Nations target of 0.7% of Gross National Income with money saved by abolishing Fringe Benefits Tax concessions for company cars, and greater use of off-the-shelf purchases in defence equipment purchases.
14. Put overpopulation on the Agenda for the Copenhagen Climate Change talks.
How have I arrived at this plan?
I have set out the reasons why I believe the world's projected population levels are too high and unsustainable – global warming, food crisis, water shortages, housing affordability, overcrowded cities, transport congestion, fisheries collapse, species extinctions, increasing prices, waste, war and terrorism – in detail in a speech to Parliament on 17 August. [ Editor: This link is broken, but the contents are reproduced below. The broken link was]
If we are going to achieve this outcome, everyone has a role to play. Every country has both the right and the duty to stabilise its own population at a level compatible with its own resources and environment. In equity terms, this is an easier issue to deal with than carbon emissions, where the poorer countries have a legitimate anger that the wealthy countries have had all the fun; wrecked the neighbourhood, and the police have been called in to shut the party down just as poorer countries were starting to arrive.
The equitable approach is for each country to pull its own weight and stabilise its own numbers. Countries should not be asked to do more, or less, than this.
The two most promising ways of achieving population stability around the world are educating girls and women, and the provision of better health services, particularly reproductive health services. These two measures lower the fertility rate. According to the World Vision chief executive Tim Costello, for every extra year a girl stays in school, her fertility decreases. "She has fewer children and more optimism and power", says Tim Costello. Professor Roger Short says that removing the barriers that separate women from the knowledge and technologies they need to manage the size of their family will cause family size to fall, even in poor, illiterate communities. He says conversely, as a result of lost attention to family planning since the 1990s, the population projection for several countries in 2050 has been raised, e.g. Kenya, up from 54 million to 83 million.
There are four things Australia can do to promote this international responsibility. First, in international fora such as the United Nations,
we should promote population stabilisation, better education for girls and women, and improved health services.
Second, we should increase our overseas aid program to meet the United Nations target of 0.7% of Gross National Income. This would involve an increase of $350 million in 2010-11 and a bit over $1 billion in 2011-12. The Government is committed to returning the Budget to surplus, so clearly such an increase would involve finding savings from elsewhere in the Budget – the money has to come from somewhere. One option which has merit in my view is scrapping the $1.5 billion fringe benefit tax concession for company cars, a subsidy from taxpayers which has been criticized by the Australian Conservation Foundation and other groups as damaging to the environment. Another is to trim fat from the defence budget by buying off-the-shelf military equipment rather than engaging in incredibly expensive modification. For example the Air Warfare Destroyer project cost double the initial estimate of $3.5 to $4.5 billion, to be $7.5 billion. So too did the Amphibious Vessel project, initially estimated at $1.5 to $2 billion, and finishing at $3 billion.
This additional money could be channelled into three critical areas – improving education levels, improving health outcomes and reproductive health services, including contraception, and developing renewable energy-based economies which have a path to prosperity that is not linked to increasing greenhouse emissions.
Third, we should put the issue of population stabilisation on the Agenda for the Copenhagen Climate Change talks. Al Gore has listed population increase as one of the three key drivers of climate change, and he is right. It is hard to see how any serious carbon reduction targets can be met while the world's population continues to escalate. Until we address the issue of population, we are fighting global warming with at least one arm tied behind our back. Whilst it is unreasonable to ask developing countries to remain impoverished, it is not unreasonable to ask them to adopt a goal of population stabilisation.
Fourth, we can lead by example, and stabilise our own population.
The reasons why I believe Australia's population needs to be stabilised are also set out in detail in my speech to Parliament on 17 August, which can be accessed at [ editor: Link no longer functional, due to Kelvin's retirement"">]
Population is a function of birth rates, death rates, and migration rates. I am in favour of everyone living as long as possible. That leaves the migration rate and the birth/fertility rate.
Australian population increase over time is set out in the following graph:
Population policy cannot be a long-term side effect of ad-hoc immigration practice (Barry Jones Report, 1994). Immigration policy should be based on population policy.
Australia's population has been skyrocketing in recent years, and the principal reason for this is the dramatic increase in our migration rate. This increase is due to the record high levels of Australia


text:
The new rotational/translational convergence try set-to 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and one hundred%. Force coefficients was averaged more rotation and you can a two.5 chord size translation. (A) Mediocre elevator coefficients boost in fling motion since the training off rotational/translational overlap increases. However, mediocre lift coefficients through the clap ount regarding rotational/translational convergence develops. (B) A similar pattern is seen for the pull pushes made throughout one-winged clap and affair. (C) An average elevator over pull forces produced while in the you to-winged clap and you can affair continue to be relatively ongoing as amount of rotational/translational convergence was varied.
Two-winged fling with rigid wings is shown in Fig. 9A. As translation begins, a pair of trailing edge vortices forms and begins to grow in strength (ii–iv). Two-winged fling with flexible wings (kray=?) is shown in Fig. 9B. The wings move with the same motion as in Fig. 9A(100% rotational/translational overlap). As the wings move apart, the point of separation moves from the leading edge to the trailing edge of the wing(i–ii). The formation of the trailing edge vortices occurs later in the stroke, and the trailing edge vortices are relatively weaker than the rigid wing case (ii–iv). One flexible wing (kbeam=?)moving with the same fling motion as A and B is shown in Fig. 9C. Because of the smaller aerodynamic forces acting on the wing, its deformation is negligible and is very close to the rigid wing case (Fig. 10).
While in the side rotation,a couple of highest innovative vortices begin to function due to the fact wings affair apart(i–ii)
Streamline plots of land of affair with nearly rigid and flexible wings. (A)Two-winged affair having rigid wings and you can 100% rotational/translational convergence.(i) Two high cutting edge vortices beginning to mode given that wings fling apart.(ii–iv) Since the translation starts, a couple of trailing edge vortices forms and you will begins to grow into the strength. (B) Two-winged fling that have versatile wings and you can a hundred% translational/rotational overlap. (i–ii) Just like the wings move apart,the purpose of break up moves in the revolutionary towards trailing edge of the fresh side. (ii–iv) The formation of the new about border vortices happens afterwards throughout the coronary arrest, and also the at the rear of edge vortices is actually relatively weaker as compared to rigid wing instance. (C) You to flexible side moving with that same activity because remaining side during the A beneficial and you can B. The new deformation of the side try negligible. Colour is included towards streamline plots of land to simply help the viewer separate personal streamlines and you can vortices. Areas of bad vorticity arrive as the loving colors and confident vorticity are available given that cool tone.
During wing rotation,a couple of higher vanguard vortices begin to mode while the wings affair apart(i–ii)
Streamline plots of land out-of affair having nearly strict and flexible wings. (A)Two-winged fling having rigorous wings and you may 100% rotational/translational overlap.(i) A few high innovative vortices beginning to form since the wings fling apart.(ii–iv) Since the interpretation begins, a pair of about edge vortices variations and you will begins to build during the stamina. (B) Two-winged fling which have flexible wings and you may one hundred% translational/rotational overlap. (i–ii) Because the wings flow apart,the purpose of separation movements on leading edge on behind side of the new side. (ii–iv) The forming of brand new about line vortices takes place after about coronary attack, therefore the at the rear of line vortices is actually apparently weaker versus tight wing case. (C) You to versatile wing swinging with this same activity while the leftover wing inside Good and you will B. The deformation of one's wing was negligible. Color is included into streamline plots to aid the new audience separate private streamlines and you will vortices. Areas of negative vorticity are available because the warm colors and you can confident vorticity arrive as chill color.
Plots of the setup of left wing within the an adaptable wing couples (black colored line), rigorous wing pair (broken range) and an individual versatile side (grey range) in the four circumstances over the years add up to Fig. 9. The brand new solitary versatile side provides minimal deformations, together with area overlaps nearly totally with the rigorous side. New flexible wing in the wing couples deforms during the fling (ii–iii) and you will output to help you an site hyperlink almost straight setting throughout translation (iv).


1. Home
 2. Docs
 3. Using Sentry AI on Blue Iris
 4. Recommended configuration
 5. Zones & Hotspots
Zones & Hotspots
When the camera is triggered by motion, Blue Iris sends Sentry AI the first frame of the motion clip. Under some special settings and camera positions, the motion is triggered first and the human only appears many frames later resulting in false negatives.
One way to fix the problem is to define an area of interest (zone). In the sample image below, Blue Iris is configured to create a motion alert only if there is activity in front of the door.
This technique is very useful at front doors. If the camera is not positioned perfectly, then often times the camera triggers when the front door is opened but the person only exits the door many frames later resulting in many false negatives.
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