text:
Link to Latest: Quarterly Report Ending December 2017
ABC connections for prefabricated members are particularly critical in moderate and high seismic zones because earthquake forces place high demand on inelastic deformation of adjoining columns. Structural integrity of the bridge has to be maintained by capacity-protected connections that experience no or little damage.
Various ABC connections have been developed and investigated in the past few years. Because of the critical role of bridge columns, the majority of these connections have been for column ends at foundation and cap beams. In addition to column connections, superstructure to pier cap connections are also important to ensure that no plastic deformations are developed within the superstructure. Five types of ABC column connections have been developed, each with a variety of details:
- Grouted Duct (GD) Connections
- Mechanical Bar Splices
- Pocket Connections
- Pipe Pin Connections
- Rebar Hinge Connections
Superstructure precast concrete or steel girder to pier cap seismic connections are also of different types and details depending on the type of girder (steel or concrete) and the mechanism to provide positive moment capacity at the superstructure cap beam interface.
Nearly all the reported studies on ABC connections have been on components consisting of single or a sub-assembly of part of bridges. Component studies have been essential in understanding the local behavior of connections and have provided invaluable information that is beginning to help formulate seismic design guidelines for ABC connections. However, important questions remain on the total bridge seismic response when these connections are integrated in a bridge system. For example, it is not known how "simple for dead, continuous for live (SDCL)" connections behave under seismic loading when the girders are integrated with precast cap beams and column pocket connections. Additionally, some studies are on innovative concepts using advanced materials that are still emerging. Those studies do not directly address conventional reinforced concrete or steel materials and details.
There are three reasons for the lack of data on the seismic response of conventional ABC bridge systems:
- It has been essential to develop an understanding of ABC connection behavior at the component level before system studies can be undertaken,
- Seismic studies of bridge systems requires unique distributed shake table systems with sufficient capacity to test large-scale bridge models, and
- Bridge system tests are costly because of the number of components involved and the associated labor and laboratory fee costs.
The second barrier is addressed by the state-of-the-art shake table testing facility at UNR. The issue of cost can be addressed through allocating a portion of the ABC-UTC funds.
The overall objective of the proposed study is to investigate the seismic performance of a large-scale two-span bridge system that integrates some of the more promising ABC connections that have been proof tested. The selection of the connections will be based on the latest state-of-the-art review, a recently developed evaluation document, feedback from other ABC-UTC researches, the ABC-UTC-Seismic steering committee, and the AASHTO T-3 committee.
A two-span bridge model with concrete substructure, steel girders, and precast deck panels is envisioned. The bridge model will be supported on three shake tables at UNR and will be subjected to bidirectional horizontal seismic loading. Representative earthquake records will be simulated at the pier base and the abutments. The model will be tested under seismic loading of increasing amplitude until failure. Different limit states including the ultimate condition will be investigated. Specific objectives of the project are to determine:
- Any constructability issues related to assembling various bridge components and connections,
- Interaction among different bridge components,
- Effect of combined gravity and bidirectional seismic loading on ABC connections, the effectiveness of CFRP tendons in minimizing residual displacements under strong earthquakes, and
- Adequacy of emerging seismic design guidelines for ABC connections.
The following tasks will be performed to achieve the project goals:
- Task 1 – Update literature search on experimental and analytical studies of seismic performance of prefabricated bridge components, connections, and systems
- Task 2 – Evaluate and rank ABC connections and details
- Task 3 – Develop preliminary design for a two large-scale bridge models for shake table testing
- Task 4 – Finalize bridge model details, construct and instrument the bridge model, and conduct shake table tests
- Task 5 – Process and interpret shake table test data and assess seismic performance of bridge model
- Task 6 – Conduct analytical studies of the bridge model
- Task 7 – Summarize the investigation and the results in a draft final report
Principal Investigators: Dr. M. Saiid Saiidi (PI), Dr. Ahmad Itani (co-PI), and Dr. Mohammad Moustafa (senior personnel)


text:
Sustainability app brings scientists a web-based toolbox
Scientists doing due diligence to provide answers to some of the world's most pressing questions – increasing food production, the availability of clean water and energy and preserving or increasing biodiversity – can be overwhelmed by the complexity.
Achieving environmental sustainability is gnarly, and like many of today's problems, begs the question, "shouldn't there be an app for that?"
In this week's journal Applied Geography, Michigan State University (MSU) researchers present the Telecoupling GeoApp, a web-based application that provides researchers and practitioners with a useful platform to address globally important issues such as international trade, species invasion, biodiversity conservation, and land-use change.
The telecoupling framework seeks to advance understandings of socioeconomic and environmental interactions between coupled human and natural systems across distances. It was introduced in 2011 as a way to directly address the dynamic interactions of global sustainability challenges.
"The GeoApp gives researchers and practitioners an accessible web platform to explore relationships between coupled human and natural systems," said first author Paul McCord, a research associate in the MSU Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability (CSIS). "Our goal is to continue working with researchers and stakeholders to better understand their needs and expand the GeoApp to become a comprehensive platform for the entire telecoupling community.
McCord worked with MSU-CSIS GIS developer Francesco Tonini to first create the Telecoupling Toolbox, a suite of desktop-based software tools developed to allow researchers to operationalize the framework and systematically explore complex interactions. Following the deployment of these desktop-based tools, the next step has been to develop a web-based application to provide greater flexibility in visualizing and quantifying telecoupling components and their outcomes.
To maintain transparency and promote collaborations between users from different fields, all source code, sample data, and documentation of all tools and applications within the Telecoupling Toolbox are freely available online
The Telecoupling GeoApp includes a large collection of widgets dedicated to separate tasks such as querying data, mapping and visualization, quantitative analysis, and satellite imagery analysis.
"Today's sustainability challenges – such as those outlined in the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals – demand a multidisciplinary skill set that can be daunting to any individual," said sustainability scholar Jianguo "Jack" Liu, MSU-CSIS director. "The telecoupling toolbox helps bridge knowledge and skill gaps. It can become part of the powerful approaches needed to solve problems telecoupled across the world."
"The Telecoupling GeoApp: A Web-GIS application to systematically analyze telecouplings and sustainable development" was funded by the National Science Foundation and Michigan AgBioResearch.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


What are the odds? How to make the most of forecasting - Supply Management
How to make the most of forecasting
posted by Francis Churchill
27 October 2017
Forecasting is a vital tool for many businesses, but is often poorly understood by stakeholders.
"What does the random number generator say," is a joke forecasters hear too often, according to Ben Brewer, head of forecasting at Heathrow Airport. "And it's not funny."
Speaking at a HPC Supply Chain Innovation Lab conference in London yesterday, Brewer and other experts gave practical advice on how to make sure your business makes the most of forecasting.
Here are some of the top takeaways.
Use probability forecasts where possible
Many people don't understand how probability affects forecasting, according to Paul Goodwin, emeritus professor at the University of Bath.
"Understanding probabilities isn't easy, but if we can help people to understand probabilities then it will make probability forecasting much more usable and available," said Goodwin.
The forecasts most people see are 'point forecasts' indicating the most likely outcome, however behind that is a range of probable outcomes. This is the difference between "it will rain tomorrow" and "there is a 60% chance of rain tomorrow".
Just because the most likely outcome doesn't happen, it doesn't necessarily make the forecast wrong. But it does make people distrust the forecast, said Goodwin. "Certainly probabilities give you a much more realistic idea of what the forecast is about."
Talk assumptions not numbers
When talking about forecasts with stakeholders and business leaders, explaining the assumptions behind the numbers can create consensus and shared ownership, said Daniel Barrett, head of forecasting at Lego.
"Even in statistics assumptions are made, the history that you use, the trend levels, the seasonality patterns, all these are assumptions," said Barrett.
When a business leader asks how you arrive at a forecast, "you can say, 'well the model assumptions are x per cent growth, I've used this history to calculate this'.
"You break it down and talk the assumptions behind the number, not just the number, and then hopefully the leader goes 'great, I understand the model, I trust the forecast'."
Understand your business needs
The success of your forecasting shouldn't be how accurate your numbers are, important as that is. Forecasting should be a tool to reach business outcomes, said Brewer.
"If we're interested in how accurate the BA001 flight is and we're one passenger out, but there's queuing down the line or there weren't enough trollies somewhere, that means we not really understanding how that forecast was being used," he said.
Wolverhampton, West Midlands
£36,922 - £41,881
Wolverhampton City Council
Wolverhampton, West Midlands
£51,901 - £54,934
Wolverhampton City Council
CIPS Knowledge
Find out more with CIPS Knowledge:
 - best practice insights
 - guidance
 - tools and templates


text:
Aquatic Flies Can Really Suck!
- Friday September 18, 2020
- 10:00 am - 11:00 am
- Chris Goforth Head, Citizen Science
- NC Museum of Natural Sciences
- Audience: Family
Aquatic flies are found in ponds, streams, and shorelines worldwide! Learn about flies that suck blood, flies that use suction cups, a fly that uses a snorkel, and some of the many other bizarre characteristics you can find in the flies that live in water.


text:
This article describes how inSync makes backup of their data secure over WAN/VPN. It also provides links for further reading.
What is covered:
Security Guidelines that inSync uses for Remote Backup
Other inSync Knowledge Base Resources
The following features makes inSync secure and ready for deployment for your WAN and VPN users :
256-bit SSL network encryption
256-bit AES storage encryption
The client triggered architecture ensures that backup and restore requests are always initiated by the inSync clients. The inSync server (just like the e-mail and HTTP servers) never initiates an outbound request. This facilitates secure deployment in your DMZ, with just one-way inward (ANY to 6061) port forwarding in your firewall.
For a better understanding on WAN/VPN based backups, refer to the following Knowledge Base article.
For network troubleshooting, especially over WAN, use of the Microsoft PortQuery tool is explained here:
For more information on secure communication please refer to the White Paper:

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


)
Returns:
List of distances for given pair of residue indices.
Return type:
Distances
Parameters:
 - i_res1 (int) – Index of residue.
 - i_res2 (int) – Index of residue.
GetSize()
Returns:Number of residues in map.
Return type:int
GetNumStructures()
Returns:Number of structures originally used when creating the map (see CreateDistanceMap()).
Return type:int
class VarianceMap
Container returned by CreateVarianceMap(). Like DistanceMap, it is a symmetric GetSize() x GetSize() matrix containing variance measures. Indexing of residues is as in DistanceMap.
Get(i_res1, i_res2)
Returns:
Variance measure for given pair of residue indices.
Return type:
float
Parameters:
 - i_res1 (int) – Index of residue.
 - i_res2 (int) – Index of residue.
GetSize()
Returns:Number of residues in map.
Return type:int
Min()
Max()
Returns:Minimal/maximal variance in the map.
Return type:float
ExportDat(file_name)
ExportCsv(file_name)
ExportJson(file_name)
Write all variance measures into a file. The possible formats are:
 - "dat" file: a list of "i_res1+1 i_res2+1 variance" lines
 - "csv" file: a list of ";" separated variances (one line for each i_res1)
 - "json" file: a JSON formatted file (see GetJsonString())
Parameters:file_name (str) – Path to file to be created.
Raises:Exception if the file cannot be opened for writing.
GetJsonString()
Returns:A JSON formatted list of GetSize() lists with GetSize() variances
Return type:str
GetData()
Gets all the data in this map at once. Note that this is much faster (10x speedup observed) than parsing GetJsonString() or using Get() on each element.
Returns:A list of GetSize() lists with GetSize() variances.
Return type:list of list of float
GetSubData(num_res_to_avg)
Gets subset of data in this map by averaging neighboring values for num_res_to_avg residues.
Returns:A list of ceil(GetSize()/num_res_to_avg) lists with ceil(GetSize()/num_res_to_avg) variances.
Return type:list of list of float
class Dist2Mean
Container returned by CreateDist2Mean(). Stores distances to mean for GetNumResidues() residues of GetNumStructures() structures. Indexing of residues is as in DistanceMap. Indexing of structures goes from 0 to GetNumStructures() - 1 and is in the same order as the structures in the originally used alignment.
Get(i_res, i_str)
Returns:
Distance to mean for given residue and structure indices.
Return type:
float
Parameters:
 - i_res (int) – Index of residue.
 - i_str (int) – Index of structure.
GetNumResidues()
Returns:Number of residues.
Return type:int
GetNumStructures()
Returns:Number of structures.
Return type:int
ExportDat(file_name)
ExportCsv(file_name)
ExportJson(file_name)
Write all distance measures into a file. The possible formats are:
 - "dat" file: a list of "i_res+1 distances" lines (distances are space separated)
 - "csv" file: a list of ";" separated distances (one line for each i_res)
 - "json" file: a JSON formatted file (see GetJsonString())
Parameters:file_name (str) – Path to file to be created.
Raises:Exception if the file cannot be opened for writing.
GetJsonString()
Returns:A JSON formatted list of GetNumResidues() lists with GetNumStructures() distances.
Return type:str
GetData()
Gets all the data in this map at once. Note that this is much faster (10x speedup observed) than parsing GetJsonString() or using Get() on each element.
Returns:A list of GetNumResidues() lists with GetNumStructures() distances.
Return type:list of list of float
GetSubData(num_res_to_avg)
Gets subset of data in this map by averaging neighboring values for num_res_to_avg residues.
Returns:A list of ceil(GetNumResidues()/num_res_to_avg) lists with GetNumStructures() distances.
Return type:list of list of float
class MeanlDDT
Container returned by CreateMeanlDDTHA(). Stores mean lDDT values for GetNumResidues() residues of GetNumStructures() structures. Has the exact same functionality and behaviour as Dist2Mean
HMM Algorithms
Openstructure implements basic HMM-related functionality that aims at calculating an HMM-HMM alignment score as described in Soding, Bioinformatics (2005) 21(7), 951-60. This is the score which is optimized in the Viterbi algorithm of the hhalign tool. As a prerequisite, OpenStructure also implements adding pseudo counts to ost.seq.ProfileHandle in order to avoid zero probabilities for unobserved transitions/emissions. Given these requirements, all functions in this section require HMM related data (transition probabilities, neff values, etc.) to be set, which is the case if you load a file in hhm format.
HMMScore(profile_0, profile_1, aln, s_0_idx, s_1_idx, match_score_offset=-0.03, correl_score_weight=0.1, del_start_penalty_factor=0.6, del_extend_penalty_factor=0.6, ins_start_penalty_factor=0.6, ins_extend_penalty_factor=0.6)
Scores an HMM-HMM alignment given in aln between profile_0 and profile_1. The score is described in Soding, Bioinformatics (2005) 21(7), 951-60 and consists of three components:
 - sum of column alignment scores of all aligned columns, the match_score_offset is applied to each of those scores
 - sum of transition probability scores, the prefactor of those scores can be controlled with penalty factors (del_start_penalty_factor etc.)
 - correlation score which rewards conserved columns occuring in clusters, correl_score_weight controls its contribution to the total score
You have to make sure that proper pseudo counts are already assigned before calling this function. You can find a usage example in this documentation. This score is not necessarily consistent with the output generated with hhalign, i.e. you take the hhalign output alignment and directly feed it into this function with the same profiles and expect an equal score. The reason is that by default, hhalign performs a re-alignment step but the output score actually relates to the initial alignment coming from the Viterbi alignment. To get consistent results, run hhalign with the -norealign flag.
Parameters:
 - profile_0 (ost.seq.ProfileHandle) – First profile to be scored
 - profile_1 (ost.seq.ProfileHandle) – Second profile to be scored
 - aln (ost.seq.AlignmentHandle) – Alignment connecting the two profiles
 - s_0_idx (int) – Idx of sequence in aln that describes profile_0
 - s_1_idx (int) – Idx of sequence in aln that describes profile_1
 - match_score_offset (float) – Offset which is applied to each column alignment score
 - correl_score_weight (float) – Prefactor to control contribution of correlation score to total score
 - del_start_penalty_factor (float) – Factor which is applied for each transition score starting a deletion
 - del_extend_penalty_factor (float) – Factor which is applied for each transition score extending a deletion
 - ins_start_penalty_factor (float) – Factor which is applied for each transition score starting an insertion
 - ins_extend_penalty_factor (float) – Factor which is applied for each transition score extending an insertion
Raises:
Exception if profiles don't have HMM information assigned or specified sequences in aln don't match with profile SEQRES. Potentially set sequence offsets are taken into account.
Example with pseudo count assignment:
from ost import io, seq
prof_query = io.LoadSequenceProfile("query.hhm")
prof_tpl = io.LoadSequenceProfile("tpl.hhm")
aln = io.LoadAlignment("al


text:
Before you can manage devices in Security Manager, you must prepare the devices so that communication between Security Manager and the devices is enabled, then add those devices to the Security Manager inventory.
This chapter contains the following topics:
Troubleshooting Device Communication Failures
If Security Manager fails to communicate with a device, e.g. by failing to log into it, during discovery, deployment, or other actions, look at these areas to identify and resolve the problem.
- Ensure the device is operational.
- Check which transport protocol is selected. You must select a protocol that the device is configured to accept. For most devices, the protocol is selected on the Device Properties General page. For IPS devices, the IPS RDEP mode is selected on the Credentials page.
Some methods of adding devices also allow you to select a non-default transport protocol. To configure the default transport protocols for classes of devices, select Tools > Security Manager Administration > Device Communications.
- On the Device Properties General page, ensure that the hostname, domain name, and IP address are correct. Keep in mind that the Hostname and Accounts and Credentials policies for the device define the actual names and credentials that get configured on the device. However, the policies are not used for device communication. If you make changes to the policies that affect the credentials you are using for device communication, you must also manually update the device properties.
- Make sure DNS names can be resolved from the Security Manager server. You might need to fix the DNS settings on the server.
- Check the credentials for the device in Security Manager and ensure that they are correct and that there is a route between the server and device. Right-click the device, select Device Properties, select the Credentials tab, and click the Test Connectivity button. If the connection fails, check error messages to determine whether the problem is connectivity or credentials. Update the credentials in the device properties if necessary.
When adding new devices the credentials are defined within the New Device wizard if your method of adding the device requires credentials. Keep the following in mind:
– The primary credentials are used for SSH and Telnet connections.
– The HTTP/HTTPS credentials are used for HTTP and SSL connections unless you select Use Primary Credentials, in which case the primary credentials are also used for these connections.
FAQs About Device Communication
This section answers the following questions about device communication:
Q. How does Security Manager connect to a Cisco IOS router that does not have a K8 or K9 crypto image?
By default, Security Manager connects to Cisco IOS routers using SSL. However, a device running IOS version 12.3 or later without a K8 or K9 crypto image will not be able to support SSL. Therefore, after you add the device to Security Manager, you must select Tools > Device Properties, then change the default transport protocol to Telnet.
Q. Why cannot Security Manager connect to a Cisco IOS router after configuration rollback?
This could occur because of one of the following reasons:
– At rollback, for some versions of Cisco IOS software and when necessary, the configurations are copied from the TFTP server to startup-config, then the Cisco IOS router is reloaded. This reload causes a temporary loss in device connectivity. Wait for the device to be reloaded completely, then try to connect to it again.
– The configuration contains a nonexisting or unauthorized username and password.
Security Certificate Rejected When Discovering Device
If an error occurs when you attempt to discover a device, and the error message states that the security certificate received from the device was rejected, you need to update the certificate. You can do this using one of the following methods:
- Manually enter the thumbprint required by the certificate by doing one of the following:
– Select Tools > Security Manager Administration > Device Communication. Click Add Certificate, enter the IP address of the device, then copy and paste the thumbprint displayed in the error message into the Certificate Thumbprint field.
– Right-click the device and select Device Properties > Credentials. Copy and paste the thumbprint displayed in the error message into the Authentication Certificate Thumbprint field.
You must manually enter the thumbprint whenever you add a new device using the Add New Device or Add From Configuration File options and when you perform rediscovery. It is not required when you add a new device using the Add New Device From Network or Add Device From File options.
- Configure the SSL certificate settings to automatically retrieve the certificate when adding devices. You can select different settings for IPS, router, and ASA/PIX/FWSM devices. To configure these settings, select Tools > Security Manager Administration > Device Communication, and look at the SSL Certificate Parameters group.
Invalid Certificate Error During Device Discovery
Problem If the time settings on the device and Security Manager are not in synchronization, an error message is displayed stating that the certificate is not yet valid when you try to discover a device.
Solution When the time set on the Security Manager server is lagging behind the time set on the device, Security Manager cannot validate the device certificate as the start time of the validity period is ahead of the Security Manager time setting. Even if the time zones configured on the device and Security Manager are the same, the invalid certificate error occurs if the daylight saving time (summertime) settings are different. To resolve this problem, make sure that the daylight saving time settings are the same on the device and Security Manager, regardless of whether the time zone is the same. After setting the daylight saving time, synchronize the clock on the device with Security Manager so that both of them display the same time.
To obtain best results, we recommend that you set the same time zone on the device and Security Manager, and modify the time zone after you discover the certificates at a later time, if necessary.
Deleting Configuration File When Deleting Security Context
Problem Deleting a security context from an FWSM device in Security Manager removes the security context from the running configuration of the device, but it does not delete the associated configuration file. This can create problems if you later add another security context with the same name as the one that you previously deleted.
Solution This is a known issue for this type of device and is not connected to the behavior of Security Manager. The workaround is to use the CLI to delete the configuration file from the device.
Simultaneous Operations on the Same Device
Problem Simultaneous operations performed on the same device (that is, devices with the same IP address) produce inconsistent results. For example, deployment to the first device succeeds, but deployment to the second device fails. These simultaneous operations may be a combination of jobs executed by Security Manager, such as a deployment job, and user-initiated operations, such as discovering a live device. Problems can occur whether the operations are contained in the same job or in multiple jobs that are executed at the same time.
Solution The device locking mechanism in Security Manager is based on the device name, not the IP address. As a result, operations such as discovery and deployment can run into problems if two devices share the same IP address. This is especially true if you attempt one of these operations on both devices at the same time.
For example, if a deployment job contains two devices with the same IP address, deployment will be executed to both devices because the names are different. However, doing so is not recommended, as it might result in an incomplete or failed deployment. To ensure consistent results, we recommend against defining more than one device with the same IP address.
Troubleshooting the Setup of Configuration Engine-Managed Devices
The following topics describe issues that might arise when you set up a device managed by a Cisco Configuration Engine (also known as CNS) and how to solve them:
Q. Why does Configuration Engine deployment fail?
Not all versions of Configuration Engine function in a compatible manner. Because Security Manager does not verify the software version running on a Configuration Engine when you add it to the device inventory, you can add unsupported versions to the inventory. Then, when you try to deploy, you can run into unpredictable errors. Ensure that you are running a supported version of Configuration Engine, such as 3.0. For support information, see the supported devices information at _URL_
Q. Why do I receive an InvalidParameterException when I click on an IOS device on the Configuration Engine web page?
This is the expected behavior. For IOS devices, Security Manager uses deployment jobs to deploy configurations to Configuration Engine instead of associating a configuration to the IOS device in Configuration Engine. Therefore, you do not see an associated configuration when you click the device name on the Configuration Engine web page. For PIX devices, Security Manager associates the configuration to the device in Configuration Engine. Therefore, clicking the device name displays the associated configuration.
Q. Why am I getting the following error: com.cisco.netmgmt.ce.websvc.exec.ExecServiceException: [002-01003]]deviceName does not exists?
This error indicates that the device has not been added to Configuration Engine. It appears if you have not performed rollback or deployment in Security Manager (both of which add the device automatically), and have not manually added the device to Configuration Engine.
Q. Why am I getting the following error: com.cisco.netmgmt.ce.websvc.config.ConfigServiceException: [002-01003]]Device device id is not connected
The answer depends on the type of setup you are performing:
– Event mode setup—Make sure that the Configuration Engine device ID defined in the Device Properties window in Security Manager matches the device ID configured on the router (using the cns id string command).
– Call home mode setup—The device is not connected to Configuration Engine in this mode; therefore, all Security Manager operations that require the retrieval of the device configuration using Configuration Engine are not supported. This includes discovery, preview configuration, display running configuration, and connectivity tests (and rollback, for IOS devices).
Q


text:
"I ask anybody what IDK means, and they always say they don't know!"
IDK is a bacterial infection that causes the person affected by it to draw a blank. In later stages, it can cause dementia and even autism. These serious conditions now afflict over 75% of teenagers and 30% of adults.
Nobody knows precisely what IDK stands for.
After the invention of cell phones, which occurred early last year, IDK arose as a simple syndrome that only affected celebrities and rich people. As prices for technology dropped and cell phone use rose, IDK became an epidemic that raged through the United States, and parts of Europe and Asia. There is no known cure or vaccine for it; all the scientists who research it end up becoming infected themselves.
The disease really took off when, later the same year, industry invented the iPhone and many other radical new technologies. Were these gadgets a cause of the disease, a result of the disease, or merely a carrier? Technology consultant Paris Hilton has given the best answer: IDK.
It is naturally found on the streets of New York, on Wall Street, and wherever people must communicate constantly for their livelihood. The New York area is thought to be the true origin of IDK. Any real postulation as to the source has lead to more IDK being spread, however.
The disease is airborne, transmitted sexually as well as verbally and digitally, and spread through direct contact, making it particularly devastating to population centers. Any person in the immediate proximity of an infected individual will likely be infected very rapidly, with little hope of prevention.
- Text messaging
- Weaving in the lane out of distraction


Did you know we offer the ability to add custom code snippets needed for third party tracking, e.g. Google Tag Manager, Google Analytics, Facebook Event Manager, etc. to your event registration pages? This is especially beneficial for those of you who have paid advertising campaigns because it allows you to track your ROI (return on investment). Here's how to track conversions from Facebook, using their Facebook Pixel.
To create the Facebook Pixel code snippet*:
 1. To create the code snippet, follow the steps in this article: How to Use Facebook Pixel. We'll walk you through an example below.
 2. Copy the entire pixel code generated.
 3. In a new tab, log into your Team Sports Admin account.
 4. Click MY ACCOUNT from the main menu.
 5. Scroll down to Site Setup and click Custom Tracking Code.
 6. Paste the code to the Header section.
 7. Switch back to your Facebook tab.
 8. Click Continue.
 9. Next, you'll need to choose the event you'd like to track. We'll use Complete Registration for this example.
 10. Select Complete Registration making sure to use Track Event on Page Load and Send Event Parameters if you want to assign a value for your conversion.
 11. Click Send Event Parameters.
 12. Add in the price of your event for the Conversion Value (this is the amount you want to track when a user successfully registers for your event). If you running multiple events and want to track revenue, we will also dynamically send the amount the user paid to this script. You will just need to add the following line to the resulting conversion snippet (step 14):
 value: {event_price}
 13. Leave Currency blank. Or we will pull the currency dynamically, which you can access by adding the following line to your snippet of code:
 currency: {event_currency}
 14. Here's an example of the resulting code that's generated, which you can use yourself and skip all the steps above. This example uses the dynamically generated amount paid on registration and the currency:
 fbq('track', 'CompleteRegistration', {
 value: {event_price},
 currency: {event_currency}
 15. Copy the resulting code to clipboard.
 16. Switch back to your Team Sports Admin Custom Tracking Code tab and paste this code to the Successful Event Registration section.
 17. Click Update Code
 18. As a best practice, we would recommend using the Pixel Helper extension for Chrome to test this. Here is the link to install it: _URL_
Please Note: We've added the URL's for each step of the registration process to the Custom Code Tracking page, so you can set up custom conversions for separate events as needed. You would do exactly what you already did above, where you use the unique event id for each step in the registration funnel you want to track e.g. "/signup?camp_id=MjM2OA==".
*Because these are controlled by 3rd parties, these instructions may change, and we are only able to offer limited support. However, as always, if you have a questions please let us know and we will do our best to help!


completeness theorem for propositional logic
The completeness theorem of propositional logicPlanetmathPlanetmath is the statement that a wff is tautologyMathworldPlanetmath iff it is a theorem. The if part of the statement is the soundness theorem, and the only if part is the completeness theorem. We will prove the two parts separately here. We begin with the easier one:
Theorem 1.
Propositional logic is sound with respect to truth-value semantics.
Basically, we need to show that every axiom is a tautology, and that the inference rule modus ponensMathworldPlanetmath preserves truth. Since theorems are deduced from axioms and by applications of modus ponens, they are tautologies as a result.
Using truth tablesMathworldPlanetmath, one easily verifies that every axiom is true (under any valuation). For example, if the axiom is of the form A(BA), then we have
Before proving the completeness portion of the theorem, we need the following
Theorem 2.
Propositional logic is completePlanetmathPlanetmathPlanetmathPlanetmathPlanetmath with respect to truth-value semantics.
Title completeness theorem for propositional logicPlanetmathPlanetmath
Canonical name CompletenessTheoremForPropositionalLogic
Date of creation 2013-03-22 19:32:44
Last modified on 2013-03-22 19:32:44
Owner CWoo (3771)
Last modified by CWoo (3771)
Numerical id 4
Author CWoo (3771)
Entry type Theorem
Classification msc 03B05


PostDoc Project
Knowing the good: The epistemological foundations of the metaphysics of good and evil
The concept of goodness is at the heart of both moral philosophy and action theory. Yet at the same time it is highly controversial what exactly goodness in general and moral goodness in particular consists in. Classical positions in moral philosophy―for example, consequentialists and intentionalists, hedonists and Moorians, Kantians and Neo-Aristotelians―persistently differ from one another in how they conceive of the moral good. Given this intricate dialectical situation, I propose in this project to step back and enquire into the origin of our notions of good and evil: How do we recognize that something is good in the first place? And how does that enable us to determine what goodness is? To answer these questions, I draw on ideas developed in early phenomenological philosophy, namely, by Franz Brentano and Edmund Husserl, as well as on works in analytic moral epistemology. Elucidating the epistemological foundations of our notions of good and evil, we may be in a better position to settle questions in moral philosophy as well.
Book Project
Community: The Fundamental Structures of Human Sociality (book manuscript, in preparation)
This book presents a systematic account of human community by reintroducing ideas from Aristotelian and Thomistic philosophy into the field of Analytic Social Ontology. The book builds on Aristotle's concept of friendship to develop a general account of different kinds of community and their specific norms. Moreover, it shows that this Aristotelian account of community is indispensable for understanding the specific form of human social life.
Articles in Preparation
Cooperation, Community, and Institution (In J. Pelletier and Chr. Rode, eds. The Reality of the Social World. Medieval, Early Modern, and Contemporary Perspectives on Social Ontology. Cham: Springer, forthcoming 2021)
There are two approaches to the phenomenon of community in contemporary social ontology. The first is an attempt to account for community in terms of joint action or cooperation. Margaret Gilbert thus believes that by elucidating the nature of joint action we can come to understand more complex forms of collectivity such as communities. The second approach, put forth by John Searle, is to conceive of community as an institutional entity, that is, a status collectively assigned to a set of people that unites them as a social group. In this paper, I show why both these approaches fail to provide a convincing account of community. A more promising approach can be found in medieval philosophy, namely, in Thomas Aquinas. His account of community builds on the Aristotelian notion of friendship and, so I argue, yields a better understanding of the relation between community, cooperation, and institutions.
Freundschaft und Glückseligkeit bei Aristoteles (In S. Al-Taher, V. Jansche, L. Martena, eds. Was Liebe vermag: Philosophische Liebesdiskurse in der Antike. Stuttgart: Metzler, forthcoming 2021)
The relation between friendship and happiness highlights one aspect of human social nature in Aristotle's anthropology. In NE 9.9 Aristotle argues that friendship is desirable even for those leading a good and self-sufficient life. In this article, I discuss various interpretations of this argument (Cooper 1977, Pakaluk 1998, Pangle 2003, Richardson Lear 2004, Kosman 2004, Hitz 2011), according to which friendship either provides a form of self-knowledge or enables some kind of shared activity. All these interpretations, I argue, rest on a misunderstanding of Aristotle's idea that a friend is "another self".
Der soziale Horizont des menschlichen Lebens bei Aristoteles und Thomas von Aquin (In D. Kiesel and Chr. Kietzmann, eds. Politische Anthropologie in der Antike, forthcoming 2022)
According to Aristotle, happiness is essentially social in that it can be realized only in set of communities, first an foremost in a state or polis as the most encompassing kind of community. The motive behind the formation of these communities is friendship or love. In this article, I show that Aquinas adopts this idea that happiness, community, and friendship are interrelated concepts. Due to his distinction between happiness and beatitude, however, he extends the idea beyond the polis to a community based on caritas, which in principle includes all humanity. In Aquinas, I argue, we thus encounter a new conception of human social nature.
Aristotle, the Good, and Species-Relativity
According to Peter Geach (1956), the term 'good' is essentially an attributive adjective that requires to be complemented by a noun providing the respective standard of evaluation. For him, consequently, there can be nothing that is good in an absolute sense but only relative to a particular standard. Geach's view is influential among Aristotelian-minded philosophers today. In this article, I argue that Aristotle's own understanding of goodness in terms of perfection leaves room for a predicative use of the term 'good', which allows for forms of absolute goodness.
Brentano and Aquinas on Goodness as Perfection
The Aristotelian-Thomistic conception of goodness entails the idea of a general nexus between striving and perfection in nature, which is gained inductively. One might therefore object that this general nexus cannot be proven to be true. Following Franz Brentano, I argue that, despite the importance of inductive method, there are paradigm cases of goodness where the nexus between striving, goodness, and perfection is self-evident. These cases can serve as the basis on which the Aristotelian-Thomistic conception of goodness can be defended against epistemological objections.
Being and Activity: Aristotle's notion of ἐνέργιεα
Aryeh Kosman (2013) and Jonathan Beere (2009) have put forth an understanding of Aristotle's concept of ἐνέργεια in terms of activity rather than actuality. I argue, on the contrary, that activity can be neither the general nor the primary meaning of ἐνέργεια. A closer examination of the systematic role the concept plays in Aristotle's metaphysics, especially its relation to the categories, reveals that the traditional understanding as actuality has to be maintained.


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Iminosugars as glucosylceramide processing enzymes inhibitors: design, synthesis and evaluation
This Thesis describes the design, synthesis and evaluation as glycoprocessing enzyme inhibitors of focused libraries of iminosugars.
- Liu, B.
- 13 december 2017
- Thesis in Leiden Repository
This Thesis describes the design, synthesis and evaluation as glycoprocessing enzyme inhibitors of focused libraries of iminosugars. In the studies described, 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), and its known N-alkylated derivatives, served as starting points. DNJ modifications presented here include alteration of the substitution pattern of the piperidine core structure; variation in the N substituent, or a combination of the two. Biological evaluation of the synthesized compounds focused on the glycoprocessing enzymes involved in glucosylceramide metabolism: glucosylceramide synthase (GCS), lysosomal glucosylceramidase (GBA1) and neutral glucosylceramidase (GBA2), and in all examples presented the inhibitory potency of newly synthesized compounds are compared with that of literature compounds.


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Names and Songs are Private PropertyGenerally speaking, in the Yukon, personal names in First Nations languages are private property. They are greatly valued and have profound cultural importance. Great care is given in the way names are preserved and passed down. Often, a new born will receive the name of an ancestor. The name may be conferred in a ceremony by a family elder. No one has a right to give away a name except the family which owns it.
The Yukon Native Language Centre frequently receives requests for aboriginal names for children or pets. The centre does not have the right to pass on names in this way and does not do so. It is possible to provide a word from a First Nations language, which is not used as a name in the culture, but which may be attractive to non-natives as a name for a child or pet. For instance, since no native person would be called "Snowflake", YNLC can provide the word "Snowflake" to be used as a name without violating any traditional rules, practices or values. The page Suggested Names offers some words like this.
The Centre works constantly with elders and speakers of First Nations Languages. Often, on request from the elders, personal names may be collected and transcribed in the modern alphabet. Sometimes these names will appear in the proceedings from literacy workshops. Such names only appear by permission of their owners. The intention is to honour the names by preserving them. These names may not be used by any other person in any way, without permission of their owners.
First Nations songs are also private property. No one may perform or record them without permission of their owner. In a sense, Yukon First Nations names and songs are copyrighted.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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THE JAKARTA POST
The Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) has called on the government to set more stringent management and observation standards on all dams and reservoirs in the country, particularly those constructed with compact earth.
That is necessary in order to prevent a tragedy like the Situ Gintung dam burst from occurring anywhere else.
Head of the Geotechnology Research Center at LIPI Edi Prasetyo Utomo said LIPI researchers had analyzed a number of reservoirs which were prone to damage or susceptible to severe erosion in upstream areas.
Edi said the major problems with managing compact-soil dams included controlling river flows and inspecting the dam structure.
Inaccurate rainfall data currently hampers the early detection of problems with the dam structure, while a lack of supervision along river basins can lead to area conversion and sedimentation.<...


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You've just finished giving a 15-minute presentation at an event for people to practice giving speeches in English. Now you want to give the audience a chance to ask you questions. You say:
So now I'll open the floor for questions.
You can use this expression to transition between different activities when you're leading a group of people. For example, after a science teacher has finished explaining one topic he can say:
So now let's move on to Chapter 15, "Biodiversity".
If you're presenting a new piece of software at work, you can explain what it does first and then use this phrase when you want to start showing the audience how to use it:
So now I'm going to demonstrate precisely how that works. Take a look at the screen here...
To "open the floor to questions" means to allow people to ask questions in a large meeting, lecture, conference, or other group. This phrase is pretty formal, so you use it at the end of a formal speech.
"The floor" is also used to talk about who has the right to speak in a formal discussion. For example:
Senataor Meeks has the floor.
This means that Senator Meeks is allowed to talk. Other people are not allowed to talk at that time.
Chairman Kline, may I have the floor?
This is how you ask for permission to speak in a very formal discussion, like in a political committee or a company stockholders meeting.
(Print this lesson)


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How to make fluorescein strips
Fluorescein strips are an essential diagnostic tool in eye care. They are useful for performing a number of procedures, such as measuring intraocular pressure, assessing dry eye and detecting corneal abrasions. Unfortunately, this basic item is not commonly available in many resource-limited settings. Here we describe how we make fluorescein strips at Mbarara University and Regional Referral Hospital Eye Centre.
What you will need
- Sterile filter paper (e.g., Whatman no. 1)
- A sterile bowl, such as a kidney dish
- Fluorescein sodium powder (20 g)
- Distilled sterile water (100 ml)
- A pair of scissors
- Empty injectable vials or any other small, sealed containers
- A sterile surface
- Sterile gloves, mask and apron.
- Assemble all the materials on a clean tray
- Put on sterile gloves, mask and apron
- Prepare a 20% fluorescein solution by dissolving 20 g of fluorescein sodium powder in 100 ml distilled, sterile water
- Cut the filter paper into rectangles of approximately 5 cm wide and 8–10 cm long
- Pour a small amount of fluorescein solution into the bowl. Be careful not to spill, as fluorescein leaves stains
- Dip the long edge of the filter paper in the fluorescein solution and immediately remove it, as the solution spreads very quickly through the paper (Figure 1)
- Place the dipped filter papers onto a sterile surface to dry
- Once they are dry, use a pair of scissors to cut the paper into strips, with the dipped edge at one end (Figure 2)
- Store the strips in a sterile, sealed container (Figure 3).


The Fifth Elephant 2012
Finding the elephant in the data.
Vivek Y S
ACID + BASE =??
Submitted Jun 17, 2012
Understanding the challenges in building scalable fault tolerant system from first principles.
There is lot of hype created about noSQL, eventual consistency etc. What does these actually mean? Are there any reason why they work the way they do?
In this lecture let us discuss about the meaning of the following
Eventual consistency and its various models.
What are the consequences of these theorems.
I will try to give theoretical background about why is it so hard build a scalable fault tolerant system. What are the challenges involved.
Speaker bio
Vivek YS leads the kernel layer for the Data Platform team at Flipkart he has led the overall caching and distributed caching layers at Flipkart. He is also the resident expert for all Linux and kernel issues.
Vivek has also worked on Fault tolerant system in telecom industry and also built a realtime OS.
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What is Compound? (COMP)
The Beginner's Guide
Compound is a software running on Ethereum that aims to incentivize a distributed network of computers to operate a traditional money market.
One of an emerging number of decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols, Compound uses multiple crypto assets to provide this service, enabling the lending and borrowing required without a financial intermediary like a bank.
Put simply, Compound allows users to deposit cryptocurrency into lending pools for access by borrowers. Lenders then earn interest on the assets they deposit.
Once a deposit is made, Compound awards a new cryptocurrency called a cToken (which represents the deposit) to the lender. Examples of cTokens include cETH, cBAT and cDAI.
Each cToken can be transferred or traded without restriction, but it is only redeemable for the cryptocurrency initially locked in the protocol. This entire process is automatic and handled by the Compound code, meaning lenders can withdraw deposits at any time.
To incentivize this activity, Compound uses another cryptocurrency native to its service, called COMP. Every time a user interacts with a Compound market (by borrowing, withdrawing or repaying the asset), they are rewarded with additional COMP tokens.
While complex, the model has so far proved adept at attracting users and encouraging other DeFi cryptocurrencies to adopt its model. As of 2020, over $500 million in assets were locked in the Compound protocol, according to the data site DeFi Pulse.
Who created Compound?
Compound was founded by serial entrepreneurs Robert Leshner and Geoffrey Hayes, whose previous firm, Britches, aggregated inventory from local shops to be sold on PostMates.
In 2018 Compound raised $8.2 million in funding from notable venture capital firms Andreessen Horowitz and Bain Capital Ventures, the venture-capital arm of the consulting firm Bain.
Compound raised an additional $25 million in 2019 from many of the same investors, along with new participants like Paradigm Capital, a fund started by a co-founder of Coinbase.
A share of the total supply of COMP cryptocurrency was initially distributed to investors in the company and to employees.
How does Compound work?
Compound connects lenders and borrowers using a combination of smart contracts running on Ethereum and incentives paid in cryptocurrency.
The two main users of the platform include:
- Lenders – Anyone wishing to lend a cryptocurrency on Compound can send their tokens to an Ethereum address controlled by Compound to earn interest.
- Borrowers – Anyone who posts collateral on Compound in the form of a cryptocurrency. They are allowed to borrow cryptocurrencies supported by Compound at a percentage of the posted value.
Compound rewards lenders with COMP tokens based on the amount of cTokens held in their wallet based on a varying interest rate dependent on the available supply of that asset. The more liquidity in a market, the lower the interest rate.
Users who lend assets to the protocol, can take out a loan in any other cryptocurrency that Compound offers, up to the amount of collateral posted.
Importantly, borrowers can get liquidated if the asset they borrow increases in value and becomes more valuable than the posted collateral.
Why does COMP have value?
To distribute its operations, Compound is programmed to reward users with COMP tokens.
Anyone who owns COMP tokens can participate in decisions affecting the software, voting on proposals for the rules that govern the platform's use.
A COMP holder can also assign their voting rights to someone else to vote on their behalf. This means that someone who is not a COMP holder — like a legal expert — could be asked to vote on behalf of COMP holders when a particular issue arises.
Of note for investors is that new COMP tokens are issued by the network each day. As of 2020, some 2,880 COMP tokens are given out daily to lenders and borrowers, meaning anyone who uses Compound can earn COMP tokens, proportional to the amount lent to the protocol.
Kraken's Crypto Guides
- What is Bitcoin? (BTC)
- What is Ethereum? (ETH)
- What is Ripple? (XRP)
- What is Bitcoin Cash? (BCH)
- What is Litecoin? (LTC)
- What is Chainlink? (LINK)
- What is EOSIO? (EOS)
- What is Stellar? (XLM)
- What is Cardano? (ADA)
- What is Monero? (XMR)
- What is Tron? (TRX)
- What is Dash? (DASH)
- What is Ethereum Classic? (ETC)
- What is Zcash? (ZEC)
- What is Basic Attention Token? (BAT)
- What is Algorand? (ALGO)
- What is Icon? (ICX)
- What is Waves? (WAVES)
- What is OmiseGo? (OMG)
- What is Gnosis? (GNO)
- What is Melon? (MLN)
- What is Nano? (NANO)
- What is Dogecoin? (DOGE)
- What is Tether? (USDT)
- What is Dai? (DAI)
- What is Siacoin? (SC)
- What is Lisk? (LSK)
- What is Tezos? (XTZ)
- What is Cosmos? (ATOM)
- What is Augur? (REP)
Why use COMP?
Compound may be of interest to anyone who wants to earn additional income by lending or borrowing cryptocurrency.
Further, users have a built-in incentive to hold the token, as anyone who owns COMP can make decisions on the future platform. This includes being able to vote on Compound's interest rates and other important choices that may impact their revenues or profitability.
Investors may further find COMP of interest should they want to gain exposure to emerging DeFi coins that offer exposure to the protocol's cash flow.
Start buying Compound
Now you're ready to take the next step and buy some COMP!


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[Product Name] Evodia Extract, Evodia P.E.
[ About Evodiamine Extract ]
[Active ingredient] evodiamine, dehydroevodiamine limonin, berberine.
1. Evodia P. E. is used to treat symptoms of abdominal distress. These include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. It is said to be especially effective in treating morning diarrhea. Evodia is used to stimulate the appetite and to treat abdominal symptoms associated with lack of interest in food.
2. Evodia is also used as a painkiller. It is a remedy for headaches, especially headaches associated with nausea and vomiting. Traditional Chinese herbalists also use it to treat pain in the upper abdomen and pain associated with abdominal hernias. According to Chinese herbalism, the warm nature of the evodia fruit counteracts cold conditions in the stomach.
3.Evodia P. E. also has anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-viral,
astringent, and diuretic properties. Studies shows taht extracts of evodia
fruit strongly inhibit the growth of one specific bacteria (Helicobacter
pylori, a bacteria usually treated in mainstream medicine with
antibiotics). Unlike conventional antibiotics, the extract did not alter
the growth patterns of any other intestinal bacteria. This finding
supports the traditional use of evodia fruit in digestive disorders.


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What's The Difference Between Hard and Soft Money
There's a subtle difference between hard and soft money. Both are terms used to designate political donations for a candidate. Both terms follow a different governmental ruling, which is passed by the FEC. Hard money is donations from political parties/organizations that are approved by laws of the FEC. Soft money is donations from parties which aren't regulated by the FEC. The difference comes down to the approval and submission by the FEC.
Soft money isn't regulated by the law. It's considered to be free political contribution, and has no limits. Hard money is given to a specific candidate, committee, or other agency as limited funding. Hard money is directly given to a candidate. The candidate cannot be given more than $1,000 in a year. Soft money is given to a state, or local, committee, or other agency. It's not highly monitored or regulated, and parties can use the money in promoting candidates, or support the party's political goals – political conventions, etc.
Hard money as a term can be traced back to ancient times, and ended during World War II. It cannot be created or printed. It's like gold or silver. Whereas soft money, is used to designate paper bills and coins. Soft money is passed by the government as stock, or bonds. It's issued as currency. Hard money is the one that existed. It's precious and rare commodities, like gold, diamonds, or silver.


3. Development
This section only needs to be read by developers of the easy-server project, including people who want to make a fix or want to test the project.
3.1. Repository
The repository for the easy-server project is on GitHub:
_URL_
3.2. Setting up the development environment
 1. If you have write access to the Git repo of this project, clone it using its SSH link, and switch to its working directory:
 $ git clone _EMAIL_:andy-maier/easy-server.git
 $ cd easy-server

 If you do not have write access, create a fork on GitHub and clone the fork in the way shown above.
 2. It is recommended that you set up a virtual Python environment. Have the virtual Python environment active for all remaining steps.
 3. Install the project for development. This will install Python packages into the active Python environment, and OS-level packages:
 $ make develop

 4. This project uses Make to do things in the currently active Python environment. The command:
 $ make

 displays a list of valid Make targets and a short description of what each target does.
3.3. Building the documentation
The ReadTheDocs (RTD) site is used to publish the documentation for the project package at _URL_
This page is automatically updated whenever the Git repo for this package changes the branch from which this documentation is built.
In order to build the documentation locally from the Git work directory, execute:
$ make builddoc
The top-level document to open with a web browser will be build_doc/html/docs/index.html.
3.4. Testing
All of the following make commands run the tests in the currently active Python environment. Depending on how the easy-server package is installed in that Python environment, either the directories in the main repository directory are used, or the installed package. The test case files and any utility functions they use are always used from the tests directory in the main repository directory.
The tests directory has the following subdirectory structure:
tests
 +-- unittest Unit tests
There are multiple types of tests:
 1. Unit tests
 These tests can be run standalone, and the tests validate their results automatically.
 They are run by executing:
 $ make test

 Test execution can be modified by a number of environment variables, as documented in the make help (execute make help).
 An alternative that does not depend on the makefile and thus can be executed from the source distribution archive, is:
 $ ./setup.py test

 Options for pytest can be passed using the --pytest-options option.
3.5. Contributing
Third party contributions to this project are welcome!
In order to contribute, create a Git pull request, considering this:
 - Test is required.
 - Each commit should only contain one "logical" change.
 - A "logical" change should be put into one commit, and not split over multiple commits.
 - Large new features should be split into stages.
 - The commit message should not only summarize what you have done, but explain why the change is useful.
What comprises a "logical" change is subject to sound judgement. Sometimes, it makes sense to produce a set of commits for a feature (even if not large). For example, a first commit may introduce a (presumably) compatible API change without exploitation of that feature. With only this commit applied, it should be demonstrable that everything is still working as before. The next commit may be the exploitation of the feature in other components.
For further discussion of good and bad practices regarding commits, see:
Further rules:
 - The following long-lived branches exist and should be used as targets for pull requests:
 - master - for next functional version
 - stable_$MN - for fix stream of released version M.N.
 - We use topic branches for everything!
 - Based upon the intended long-lived branch, if no dependencies
 - Based upon an earlier topic branch, in case of dependencies
 - It is valid to rebase topic branches and force-push them.
 - We use pull requests to review the branches.
 - Use the correct long-lived branch (e.g. master or stable_0.2) as a merge target.
 - Review happens as comments on the pull requests.
 - At least one approval is required for merging.
 - GitHub meanwhile offers different ways to merge pull requests. We merge pull requests by rebasing the commit from the pull request.
3.6. Releasing a version to PyPI
This section describes how to release a version of easy-server to PyPI.
It covers all variants of versions that can be released:
 - Releasing a new major version (Mnew.0.0) based on the master branch
 - Releasing a new minor version (M.Nnew.0) based on the master branch
 - Releasing a new update version (M.N.Unew) based on the stable branch of its minor version
The description assumes that the andy-maier/easy-server Github repo is cloned locally and its upstream repo is assumed to have the Git remote name origin.
Any commands in the following steps are executed in the main directory of your local clone of the andy-maier/easy-server Git repo.
 1. Set shell variables for the version that is being released and the branch it is based on:
 - MNU - Full version M.N.U that is being released
 - MN - Major and minor version M.N of that full version
 - BRANCH - Name of the branch the version that is being released is based on
 When releasing a new major version (e.g. 1.0.0) based on the master branch:
 MNU=1.0.0
 MN=1.0
 BRANCH=master

 When releasing a new minor version (e.g. 0.9.0) based on the master branch:
 MNU=0.9.0
 MN=0.9
 BRANCH=master

 When releasing a new update version (e.g. 0.8.1) based on the stable branch of its minor version:
 MNU=0.8.1
 MN=0.8
 BRANCH=stable_${MN}

 2. Create a topic branch for the version that is being released:
 git checkout ${BRANCH}
 git pull
 git checkout -b release_${MNU}

 3. Edit the version file:
 vi easy_server/_version.py

 and set the __version__ variable to the version that is being released:
 __version__ = 'M.N.U'

 4. Edit the change log:
 vi docs/changes.rst

 and make the following changes in the section of the version that is being released:
 - Finalize the version.
 - Change the release date to today's date.
 - Make sure that all changes are described.
 - Make sure the items shown in the change log are relevant for and understandable by users.
 - In the "Known issues" list item, remove the link to the issue tracker and add text for any known issues you want users to know about.
 - Remove all empty list items.
 5. When releasing based on the master branch, edit the GitHub workflow file test.yml:
 vi .github/workflows/test.yml

 and in the on section, increase the version of the stable_* branch to the new stable branch stable_M.N created earlier:
 on:
 schedule:
 . . .
 push:
 branches: [ master, stable_M.N ]
 pull_request:
 branches: [ master, stable_M.N ]

 6. Commit your changes and push the topic branch to the remote repo:
 git status # Double check the changed files
 git commit -asm "Release ${MNU}"
 git push --set-upstream origin release_${MNU}

 7. On GitHub, create a Pull Request for branch release_M.N.U. This will trigger the CI runs.
 Important: When creating Pull Requests, GitHub by default targets the master branch. When releasing based on a stable branch, you need to change the target branch of the Pull Request to stable_M.N.
 8. On GitHub, close milestone M.N.U.
 9. On GitHub, once the checks for the Pull Request for branch start_M.N.U have succeeded, merge the Pull Request (no review is needed). This automatically deletes the branch on GitHub.
 10. Add a new tag for the version that is being released and push it to the remote repo. Clean up the local repo:
 git checkout ${BRANCH}
 git pull
 git tag -f ${MNU}
 git push -f --tags
 git branch -d release_${MNU}

 11. When releasing based on the master branch, create and push a new stable branch for the same minor version:
 git checkout -b stable_${MN}
 git push --set-upstream origin stable_${MN}
 git checkout ${BRANCH}

 Note that no GitHub Pull Request is created for any stable_* branch.
 12. On GitHub, edit the new tag M.N.U, and create a release description on it. This will cause it to appear in the Release tab.
 You can see the tags in GitHub via Code -> Releases -> Tags.
 13. On ReadTheDocs, activate the new version M.N.U:
 14. Upload the


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An honor system administered by students is among William & Mary's oldest and most important traditions. At its core, the honor system requires that students conduct themselves honestly in all matters related to student life.
At the Law School, the honor system is administered by the Honor Council, composed of students from each class.
The existence of the honor system, and the student body's commitment to it, permits a community of trust and an atmosphere of freedom at the Law School. For example, examinations are not proctored, students may take them anywhere in the building, and many exams are self-scheduled. Students are permitted to use their laptops for exams and are trusted to follow the rules governing their use.


matrix. A 2n x 2n matrix, M, is said to be symplectic if it satisfies Eq. (2.119). The matrices / and J are symplectic. If the matrix M is symplectic, then M~l is also symplectic and detM = 1 . If M and ./V are symplectic, then MN is also symplectic. Since the set of symplectic matrices satisfies the properties that (1) the unit matrix I is symplectic, (2) if M is symplectic then M~x is symplectic, and (3) if M and iV are symplectic, then MN is also symplectic, the set of symplectic matrices form a group denoted by Sp(2n). The properties of real symplectic matrices are described below.
II. LINEAR BETATRON MOTION
67
- The eigenvalues of symplectic matrix M must be real or must occur in complex conjugate pairs, i.e. A and A*. The eigenvalues of a real matrix M or the roots of the characteristic polynomial P(X) = \M — \I\ = 0 have real coefficients. • Since \M\ = 1, zero can not be an eigenvalue of a symplectic matrix. • If A is an eigenvalue of a real symplectic matrix M, then I/A must also be an eigenvalue. They should occur at the same multiplicity. Thus eigenvalues of a symplectic matrix are pairs of reciprocal numbers. For a symplectic matrix, we have K~\M or P(A) = X2nP{\) If we define Q(X) = X~nP{X), then Q(X) = Q(\). (2.123)
A
- XI) K = M~x -XI=
-XM~X{M - A"1/)
(2.121)
(2.122)
II.8
Effect of Space-Charge Force on Betatron Motion
The betatron amplitude function w — Jpy of the Floquet transformation satisfies Eq. (2.60). Defining the envelope radius of a beam as
Ry = yffay,
where ty is the emittance, the envelope equation becomes ^' + ^ - - ^ = 0,
(2.124)
(2.125)
where the prime corresponds to the derivative with respect to s. Based on the Floquet theorem, if Ky is a periodic function of s, i.e. Ky(s) = Ky(s + L), where L is the length of a repetitive period, the solution of the envelope equation can be imposed with a periodic condition, Ry(s) = Ry(s + L). The periodic envelope solution, aside from a multiplicative constant, is equal to the betatron amplitude function. The envelope function of an emittance dominated beam is equal to \lpyty. What happens to the beam envelope when the space-charge force dominates the beam dynamics? Here we discuss some effects of the space-charge force on betatron motion.
68
CHAPTER 2. TRANSVERSE MOTION
A. The Kapchinskij-Vladimirskij Distribution It is known that the Coulomb mean-field from an arbitrary beam distribution is likely to be nonlinear. In 1959, Kapchinskij and Vladimirskij (KV) discovered an ellipsoid beam distribution that leads to a perfect linear space-charge force within the beam radius. This distribution function is called the KV distribution.20 Particles, in the KV distribution, are uniformly distributed on a constant total emittance surface of the 4-dimensional phase space, i.e.
**> V~ * ?-) = J^5 G? (*2 + ^ ) + h 0 2 + *?) - l) . •
(2-126)
where N is the number of particles per unit length, e is the particle's charge, a and b are envelope radii of the beam, x and z are the transverse phase-space coordinates, and Vx — R'x, and Vz = R'z are the corresponding normalized conjugate phase-space coordinates. Some properties of the KV distribution are as follows. 1. With the phase-space coordinates transformed into action-angle variables, the KV distribution function becomes rfJ,,7,) = ^ ( ^
+
^ - l )
(2.127)
Thus beam particles are uniformly distributed along an action line
3j-+Jy
f-x
€z
=\
^
(2.128)
where ex and ez are the horizontal and vertical emittances. The envelope radii are
a = y[KZ, b = JpJ;.
(2.129)
2. Integrating the conjugate momenta, the distribution function becomes
^-sH'-S-if)
3. The rms emittances of the KV beam are _(x^_e _<f!)_!i
(2i3o)
where the 9(^) function is equal to 1 if f > 0, and 0 if £ < 0. In fact, the KV particles are uniformly distributed in any two-dimensional projection of the four-dimensional phase space.
(2m)
Thus the rms envelope radii are equal to half of the beam radii in the KV beam.
20I.M. Kapchinskij and V.V. Vladimirskij, Proc. Int. Conf. on High Energy Accelerators, p. 274 (CERN, Geneva, 1959).
(2. = Q' ('3) 214 ( 2 . w2 v x (2-138) (2. beam particles can be viewed as a charge distribution in an infinite long wire with a line-charge density given by Eq. Including the mean-magnetic-field. A noteworthy feature of the KV distribution function is that the resulting mean-field inside the beam envelope radii is linear! If the external focusing force is also linear.z) = ^-(-~^—-x+—^-rz). Neglecting the longitudinal variations. and N is the number of particles per unit length.130). and Kx is the "normalized" space-charge perveance parameter given by (2. LINEAR BETATRON MOTION B.139) . Thus Hill's equations of motion become H*.133) ' b(a + b) J v where 7 is the relativistic energy factor. z) is i?/ A Ne ffj-j^n x'2 z'2(x-x')x + (z-z')z + E{x>z) = 2^abJJdxdz 2ne0 \a(a + b) @{l-^-¥\x-xiy {z-z>y v .+ A = 0. (2. Performing Floquet transformation of the linear KV-Hill equation x = wxe?*' and z = wzeji>'.137) we obtain < + (K* ~ " T ^ M ) W.135 > where the prime is a derivative with respect to the longitudinal coordinate s.136) where r 0 = e2/4-n:eomc2 is the classical radius of the particle.II. the force on the particle at (x. b(a + b) ) where eo is the vacuum permittivity. the KV distribution is a self-consistent distribution function. The electric field at the spatial point (x. z) is F(x. <+ \ a(a + b)J w% (K> ~ 7T^) Wz + —3=Q. v ' 27reo72 \a(a + b) (2. \ b(a + b)J w* <= 4w2 i>l = —. The Coulomb mean-field due to all beam particles 69 The next task is to calculate the effect of the average space-charge force.W -^) I=0' z" + {K^-wfvyjz *« = ^ f .
the space-charge parameter. i. The usefulness of the KV equation has been further extended to arbitrary ellipsoid distribution functions provided that the envelope functions a and b are equal to twice the rms envelope radii. and the emittances ex and ez are equal to four times the rms emittances.140) and (2. (2. b) = ~(Kxa2 + Kzb2) .2KSC ln(a + b) + ^ +^ .J. 7. (2. (2. (2. Sacherer. To understand the physics of the mismatched envelope. and R. Lee and R.143) we can derive the KV equations (2. it is advantageous to extend the envelope equation to Hamiltonian dynamics as discussed below. For space-charge dominated beams. Nncl. we obtain the KV envelope equations. or simply the KV equations: a!' + Kxa-^--% a + b a6 OK c2 OK f2 = Q.K.70 CHAPTER 2. b{s)=b{s + L).142). IEEE Trans. 1101 (1971).139) by ^ e j . (2. Part. J.


text:
Country/Date of Origin: England/1500s
There are two sizes of the Manchester Terrier, the standard and the toy. Both spring from the same stock, one of the oldest strains of British terrier. In the Manchester district of England the breed was developed for "poor man's sports": rat killing and rabbit coursing. Judicious crossings of the now extinct Black and Tan Terrier and Whippets gave the Manchester what was wanted in a rat and rabbit dog: the fire and courage of the terrier and the speed of the little greyhounds. In 1923 the American Kennel Club adopted the name of Manchester Terrier. Until 1959 the toy and the standard were registered as two separate breeds although interbreeding between the two breeds was permitted. Since that date they have been registered as a single breed with two varieties. A single litter may have both varieties; those under 12 pounds being shown as toys and the larger ones as standards.


text:
Edward Wilson sledge flag on display in Cathedral
Edward Wilson's Polar Sledge Flag will be on display in the Cathedral during a special Evensong service on Thursday 5 July.
One hundred years ago, on 17 January 1912, Captain Robert Scott and four other members of his 1910-12 Antarctic Expedition reached the South Pole. Ten weeks later, all five men had perished.
Dr Edward Adrian Wilson (_PHONE_), a Cheltenham-born doctor, scientist, naturalist and artist whose watercolours and drawings of Antarctica are arguably the finest ever produced of the southern Continent, was one of the men that perished. Wilson had also produced many fine watercolours and drawings of his native Gloucestershire, including some of Gloucester Cathedral, a building which his widow, Oriana, later told the Dean of Gloucester was "more loved by him than any other church in the world. I think he knew every inch of it".
On Thursday 5 July Isobel Williams, author of "With Scott in the Antarctic" a first full account of the Antarctic hero's life from childhood to his tragic death will present a special illustrated lecture for the Friends of Gloucester Cathedral followed by a Special Evensong at 5.30pm sung by the Cathedral Youth Choir and directed by Ashley Grote. The local Arctic hero's Polar sledge flag will be on display throughout the service, borrowed for the occasion from the Scott Polar Research Institute. The flag was presented to the Cathedral in 1914 where it hung in the Lady Chapel until 1930. Tickets for the lecture have sold out but all are welcome to attend the Evensong service.


text:
Year 7 'Get Their Bake On'!
Monday saw the new Year 7 students enter the Food Technology room for the first time. After a discussion about hygiene and handwashing, students were able to 'Get Their Bake On' with Mrs Oldman and Miss Cook.
They understood why it was important to wash their hands at the beginning of the lesson and throughout when necessary. They were able to weigh their ingredients using the scales with some independence, putting their Maths skills into good practice – a great first lesson!
Watch out Bake Off, here come the Year 7's!


0
I want to draw a map using python, not really a map with full information, just a get together of a series of small shapes to reflect land use.
The data is like below
1 2 2 3 3 2
2 3 3 1 1 2
1 1 1 1 3 3
3 3 3 3 4 1
Each number represents one land use type. and their positions in the matrix are their coordinates.
I used VBA to do that before, the whole map consists many small square shapes representing land use, but since the data was so large, it took a long time to generate the map, also delete the map.
My question are :
 1. I wonder in python, is there any more fast way to generate this kind of map, as a whole, not a series of shapes, i think that would be faster？？
 2. I have tried using contourf, as below, but it says "out of bounds for axis 1", but actually, I printed X,Y and cordi, they have the same shape, why still out of bounds?
 y = np.arange(0, 4 , 1)
 x = np.arange(0, 6 , 1)
 X,Y = np.meshgrid(x,y)

 # cordi is the matrix containing all the data
 # pyplot is imported before

 plt.contourf(X,Y, Cordi[X,Y], 8, alpha=.75, cmap='jet')

Thank you very much for answering!
0
What about using imshow, which produces something like a heatmap. Here is an example:
In [1]: import numpy as np
In [2]: import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
In [3]: coord_data = np.array([[1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 2], [2, 3, 3, 1, 1, 2],
 [1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3], [3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 1]])
In [4]: map = plt.imshow(coord_data)
In [5]: plt.colorbar(map)
Out[5]: <matplotlib.colorbar.Colorbar instance at 0x7f3df2559c20>
In [6]: plt.show()
enter image description here
You can specify the interpolation level using the interpolation keyword (examples), and the colors used using the cmap keyword (example colormaps).
If you don't use interpolation='nearest', neighboring data points with the same value will look like contours.
 - im sorry, but i just found this is probably not what i want, according to its explanation on the website, imshow deals with images not plots. and if I only got a 2D array, so for each pixel, i only have one value, where 3 values of colors are needed for each pix. – rankthefirst Aug 10 '14 at 1:13
 - I don't understand what you mean. The colormap takes a single value and maps it to a color. So for example, say you have values that range between 1 and 10. The colormap might take values near 1 and map those to blue: (0,0,255), values near 10 to red: (255,0,0), and values inbetween to green (0, 255, 0). What I have plotted above uses only a 2D array of single values. – wflynny Aug 11 '14 at 15:49
 - Ah, so you mean, if I didn't assign RGB(for example red(255,0,0)), the colors will automatically change with the values(for example 1 to 10), then I know why it doesn't work, because in the txt file, the valid value is from 1 to 5, the invalid value is always -9999, so no wonder it couldn't distinguish the valid value. thanks. @wflynny – rankthefirst Aug 12 '14 at 23:07
 - @rankthefirst If you have "invalid" datapoints, you can use the vmin keyword to specify that values below vmin shouldn't be plotted. For example, if you real data spans [1,5], but you have invalid data points set to -9999, then you can do imshow(coord_data, vmin=1), and the invalid data points will show up as white (if using the default colormap - jet). – wflynny Aug 12 '14 at 23:17
 - yes, it works, thanks very much!! @wflynny – rankthefirst Aug 13 '14 at 13:01
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text: A Tucson-based non-profit organization, Watershed Management Group (WMG), is pursuing the sustainable development of local resources with the long-term vision being an improved quality of life for the greater community. WMG has developed several public demonstration sites around Tucson through outreach workshops involving local businesses, community organizations, schools, homeowners, and many others. The demonstration sites showcase rainwater harvesting efforts integrated with native landscaping, local food production, energy conservation, waste reduction, and community building. Public response to participate in the workshops has been excitingly overwhelming; not only are homeowners and businesses interested in harvesting water, there is also a substantial number of Neighborhood Associations who are seeking avenues to implement water harvesting techniques. The substantial response from the community to participate in the demonstration sites indicates the need to provide more participatory educational opportunities to the community, and in particular to improve lowcost methods of urban resource conservation to ensure integration of these principals in lower income neighborhoods.


text:
dihedral_style table style Ntable
dihedral_style table spline 400 dihedral_style table linear 1000 dihedral_coeff 1 file.table DIH_TABLE1 dihedral_coeff 2 file.table DIH_TABLE2
The table dihedral style creates interpolation tables of length Ntable from dihedral potential and derivative values listed in a file(s) as a function of the dihedral angle "phi". The files are read by the dihedral_coeff command.
The interpolation tables are created by fitting cubic splines to the file values and interpolating energy and derivative values at each of Ntable dihedral angles. During a simulation, these tables are used to interpolate energy and force values on individual atoms as needed. The interpolation is done in one of 2 styles: linear or spline.
For the linear style, the dihedral angle (phi) is used to find 2 surrounding table values from which an energy or its derivative is computed by linear interpolation.
For the spline style, cubic spline coefficients are computed and stored at each of the Ntable evenly-spaced values in the interpolated table. For a given dihedral angle (phi), the appropriate coefficients are chosen from this list, and a cubic polynomial is used to compute the energy and the derivative at this angle.
The following coefficients must be defined for each dihedral type via the dihedral_coeff command as in the example above.
The filename specifies a file containing tabulated energy and derivative values. The keyword specifies a section of the file. The format of this file is described below.
The format of a tabulated file is as follows (without the parenthesized comments). It can begin with one or more comment or blank lines.
# Table of the potential and its negative derivative
DIH_TABLE1 (keyword is the first text on line) N 30 DEGREES (N, NOF, DEGREES, RADIANS, CHECKU/F) (blank line) 1 -168.0 -1.40351172223 -0.0423346818422 2 -156.0 -1.70447981034 -0.00811786522531 3 -144.0 -1.62956100432 0.0184129719987... 30 180.0 -0.707106781187 -0.0719306095245
# Example 2: table of the potential. Forces omitted
DIH_TABLE2 N 30 NOF CHECKU testU.dat CHECKF testF.dat
1 -168.0 -1.40351172223 2 -156.0 -1.70447981034 3 -144.0 -1.62956100432... 30 180.0 -0.707106781187
A section begins with a non-blank line whose 1st character is not a "#"; blank lines or lines starting with "#" can be used as comments between sections. The first line begins with a keyword which identifies the section. The line can contain additional text, but the initial text must match the argument specified in the dihedral_coeff command. The next line lists (in any order) one or more parameters for the table. Each parameter is a keyword followed by one or more numeric values.
Following a blank line, the next N lines list the tabulated values. On each line, the 1st value is the index from 1 to N, the 2nd value is the angle value, the 3rd value is the energy (in energy units), and the 4th is -dE/d(phi) also in energy units). The 3rd term is the energy of the 4-atom configuration for the specified angle. The 4th term (when present) is the negative derivative of the energy with respect to the angle (in degrees, or radians depending on whether the user selected DEGREES or RADIANS). Thus the units of the last term are still energy, not force. The dihedral angle values must increase from one line to the next.
Dihedral table splines are cyclic. There is no discontinuity at 180 degrees (or at any other angle). Although in the examples above, the angles range from -180 to 180 degrees, in general, the first angle in the list can have any value (positive, zero, or negative). However the range of angles represented in the table must be strictly less than 360 degrees (2pi radians) to avoid angle overlap. (You may not supply entries in the table for both 180 and -180, for example.) If the user's table covers only a narrow range of dihedral angles, strange numerical behavior can occur in the large remaining gap.
The parameter "N" is required and its value is the number of table entries that follow. Note that this may be different than the N specified in the dihedral_style table command. Let Ntable is the number of table entries requested dihedral_style command, and let Nfile be the parameter following "N" in the tabulated file ("30" in the sparse example above). What LAMMPS does is a preliminary interpolation by creating splines using the Nfile tabulated values as nodal points. It uses these to interpolate as needed to generate energy and derivative values at Ntable different points (which are evenly spaced over a 360 degree range, even if the angles in the file are not). The resulting tables of length Ntable are then used as described above, when computing energy and force for individual dihedral angles and their atoms. This means that if you want the interpolation tables of length Ntable to match exactly what is in the tabulated file (with effectively nopreliminary interpolation), you should set Ntable = Nfile. To insure the nodal points in the user's file are aligned with the interpolated table entries, the angles in the table should be integer multiples of 360/Ntable degrees, or 2*PI/Ntable radians (depending on your choice of angle units).
The optional "NOF" keyword allows the user to omit the forces (negative energy derivatives) from the table file (normally located in the 4th column). In their place, forces will be calculated automatically by differentiating the potential energy function indicated by the 3rd column of the table (using either linear or spline interpolation).
The optional "DEGREES" keyword allows the user to specify angles in degrees instead of radians (default).
The optional "RADIANS" keyword allows the user to specify angles in radians instead of degrees. (Note: This changes the way the forces are scaled in the 4th column of the data file.)
The optional "CHECKU" keyword is followed by a filename. This allows the user to save all of the the Ntable different entries in the interpolated energy table to a file to make sure that the interpolated function agrees with the user's expectations. (Note: You can temporarily increase the Ntable parameter to a high value for this purpose. "Ntable" is explained above.)
The optional "CHECKF" keyword is analogous to the "CHECKU" keyword. It is followed by a filename, and it allows the user to check the interpolated force table. This option is available even if the user selected the "NOF" option.
Note that one file can contain many sections, each with a tabulated potential. LAMMPS reads the file section by section until it finds one that matches the specified keyword.
Styles with a cuda, gpu, omp, or opt suffix are functionally the same as the corresponding style without the suffix. They have been optimized to run faster, depending on your available hardware, as discussed in Section_accelerate of the manual. The accelerated styles take the same arguments and should produce the same results, except for round-off and precision issues.
These accelerated styles are part of the USER-CUDA, GPU, USER-OMP and OPT packages, respectively. They are only enabled if LAMMPS was built with those packages. See the Making LAMMPS section for more info.
You can specify the accelerated styles explicitly in your input script by including their suffix, or you can use the -suffix command-line switch when you invoke LAMMPS, or you can use the suffix command in your input script.
See Section_accelerate of the manual for more instructions on how to use the accelerated styles effectively.
This dihedral style can only be used if LAMMPS was built with the USER-MISC package. See the Making LAMMPS section for more info on packages.


text:
- GARDEN WATER PUMP
- SWIMMING PUMP
- DOMESTIC WATER PUMP
- Industrial Submersible Pump
- MULTISTAGE PUMP
- OTHER PUMP
- POND SERIES
- AQUARIUM SERIES
- FILTER SERIES
- PUMP ACCESSORIES
The leak detection method and application of vacuum system -
many factories have increased the vacuum water pump system, but we don't know how to operate the vacuum leak detection system. Today we will introduce definition and method.
one, the definition of the leakage rate and unit
for container volume v, pressure changes in the delta p per unit time and the product of the container volume v for leakage rate:
* delta p/q = v delta t
common leak rate for units: pa. m/s、mbar. l/s、torr. L/s
leakage rate actually reflects the number of leakage gas molecules within a certain time. Strictly speaking, a system without leakage is not
there are. The purpose of leak detection is to control the leakage rate of acceptable level, without affecting the normal operation of the system.
several kinds of leak detection method and application of vacuum system
( 1) Bubble method of leak detection
will suppress good specimens immersed in the water tank or use soap bubble method. Bubbles can reflect the leakage rate. This method is usually used to test a few small items. For example, the process gas leak detection, gas distribution plate target leak detection, leak detection, magnetic control arc source water leak detection, vacuum chamber water-cooled leak detection, etc. Although not the size of the quantitative detection of leakage rate, to determine whether there is leakage, is a very simple and effective method for leak detection.
( 2) Pressure drop method of leak detection
increased positive pressure or vacuum specimen to certain pressure, and then close the valve, vacuum gauge observation unit time through the pressure change. Vacuum pressure drop method can be used to evaluate leakage rate. Leak detection is a very important technical indicators, can be used as equipment acceptance standard.
( 3) Test of gas leakage
gas detection methods can be divided into: ammonia leak detection method, the halogen leak detection method and the helium mass spectrometer leak detection method, the helium mass spectrometer leak detection method is the most commonly used and the most common. Compared with other gas, helium has many advantages, such as: nonflammable, nontoxic, the price is right, very light, chemically inert, and small gas molecules.
using the leak detector: the note
to master proper injection time.
the order of the leak detection. From top to bottom, from far to near.
need to be calibrated before use.
J&T INDUSTRY CO.,LTD. has various branches in local businesses, servicing customers and helping to pull in traffic to those businesses.
have become more diverse in appearance and function thanks to the advanced technology. Choose a that you can trust to deliver an excellent user experience reliable performance at J&T INDUSTRY.
J&T INDUSTRY CO.,LTD. will do this by managing our business with integrity and the highest ethical standards, while acting in a socially responsible manner with particular emphasis on the well-being of our teammates and the communities we serve.
Individuals with varied technical skills use water pump in a wide range of applications.


text:
Towards Efficient Supercomputing: A Quest for the Right Metric.
Over the past decade, we have been building less and less efficient supercomputers, resulting in the construction of substantially larger machine rooms and even new build- ings. In addition, because of the thermal power envelope of these supercomputers, a small fortune must be spent to cool them. These infrastructure costs coupled with the ad- ditional costs of administering and maintaining such (un- reliable) supercomputers dramatically increases their to tal cost of ownership. As a result, there has been substantial in - terest in recent years to produce more reliable and more ef- ficient supercomputers that are easy to maintain and use. But how does one quantify efficient supercomputing? That is, what metric should be used to evaluate how efficiently a supercomputer delivers answers? We argue that existing efficiency metrics such as the performance-power ratio are insufficient and motivate the need for a new type of efficiency metric, one that incorpo- rates notions of reliability, availability, productivity , and to- tal cost of ownership (TCO), for instance. In doing so, how- ever, this paper raises more questions than it answers with respect to efficiency. And in the end, we still return to the performance-power ratio as an efficiency metric with re- spect to power and use it to evaluate a menagerie of pro- cessor platforms in order to provide a set of reference data points for the high-performance computing community.


text:
Visit to Blood Bank and Pathology Department
An educational visit to Blood Bank and Pathology Department was organized for students of B. Tech Biotechnology (VIIth semester), School of Engineering and Technology, on 17th September 2019, at Jaipur National Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan.
The objective of the visit was to make students understand the requirement of blood donation, the complete process of donating blood, medical examinations (e.g., body weight, Blood typing analysis, Hb count etc.,) carried out before donating blood, initial processing of blood sample in a centrifuge for different applications and the process of blood preservation at different temperatures. Application of different "immunological kits (ELISA test for virus, Malaria test etc.,)" and machines (Platelet shaker, Lisa Wash etc.,) for the analysis of common bacterial or viral diseases was explained to students. Students also visited the Grossing Room where specific human organs were preserved in formaldehyde for further diagnostic or microscopic examination. Further, Histology and Cytopathology lab were also visited where students learnt about the H&E staining and tissue processing through and Microtome and Cryostat respectively.View All Events


text:
Thursday, September 01, 2005
Tuesday, August 30, 2005
SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE
SELECT Field FROM table t1
INNER JOIN table2 t2 WITH (READUNCOMMITTED) ON t1.ID = t2.ID
This would cause serializable locks on t1 and read uncommitted on t2.
Monday, August 29, 2005
SQL Server 2005 includes patented technology for estimating the selectivity of LIKE conditions. It builds a statistical summary of substring frequency distribution for character columns (a string summary). This includes columns of type text, ntext, char, varchar, and nvarchar. Using the string summary, SQL Server can accurately estimate the selectivity of LIKE conditions where the pattern may have any number of wildcards in any combination. For example, SQL Server can estimate the selectivity of predicates of the following form:
Column LIKE'string%'
Column LIKE '%string'
Column LIKE '%string%'
Column LIKE'string'
Column LIKE'str_ing'
Column LIKE'str[abc]ing'
Column LIKE '%abc%xy'
If there is a user-specified escape character in a LIKE pattern (i.e., the pattern is of the form LIKE pattern ESCAPE escape_character), then SQL Server 2005 guesses selectivity. This is an improvement over SQL Server 2000, which uses a guess for selectivity when any wildcard other than a trailing wildcard % is used in the LIKE pattern, and has limited accuracy in its estimates in that case. The String Index field in the first row set returned by DBCC SHOW_STATISTICS includes the value YES if the statistics object also includes a string summary. The contents of the string summary are not shown. The string summary includes additional information beyond what is shown in the histogram. For strings longer than 80 characters, the first and last 40 characters are extracted from the string and concatenated prior to considering the string in the creation of the string summary. Hence, accurate frequency estimates for substrings that appear only in the ignored portion of a string are not available.
Sunday, August 28, 2005
I honestly love SQL Server even more now :-) I don't want to talk bad about MySQL itself because I don't know enough about the product to do so. But the tools provided are really sad as opposed to the tools that are included with SQL Server. I just wanted to know the queries that were run and their io, cpu, duration etc (<3 Profiler<3) but apparently there is no way with the standard tools to determine this. Graphical Query plans or even plans like the Text Query Plans in SQL Server... couldn't find it :-(