CYRIL RAMAPHOSA: 'Deadly' public transport must be regulated
CYRIL RAMAPHOSA: 'Deadly' public transport must be regulated
Dear Fellow South African,
Every day, in every part of the country, millions of our citizens use taxis, buses or trains to get to work, go to school, transport goods or go to centres where they can shop, visit clinics or get social support.
According to 2015 figures, around two-thirds of households who use public transport travel by minibus taxi. A quarter travel by bus and 10% by train.
In a country where the vast majority do not have access to private cars, the provision of efficient, reliable, safe and affordable public transport is critical to our people's everyday lives.
Unfortunately, public transport continues to be plagued by challenges; some are the legacy of apartheid development, but many are contemporary and persistent.
 - READ: Dear Minister of Transport - this is what we need you to fix urgently
Two events last week drew into sharp focus the reality that for far too many citizens, using public transport is dangerous and can even be deadly.
Last Wednesday, 16 people were killed when a minibus taxi collided with a truck between Melmoth and Ulundi in KwaZulu-Natal.
A day later, commuters had to flee for their lives on a busy highway in Johannesburg when a passenger in a minibus taxi opened fire on the driver, killing him and causing the vehicle to lose control. Fortunately, none of the other passengers was injured.
Many of our people's experiences with public transport are not positive. Those reliant on trains have to contend with daily delays, disruptions and prolonged closures of essential lines. Furthermore, rail infrastructure in most cities only covers older parts of cities and has not kept up with new city development.
Unroadworthy vehicles, unsafe driving, speeding, overloading and other practices are persistent problems in the taxi industry. Many people fall victim to crime on trains, taxis and buses.
With many people living far from places of work, transport is very expensive for low-income households. A report by Statistics South Africa found that more than two-thirds of households with the lowest income spend more than 20% of their monthly household income on public transport. The survey found that transportation by taxis to be the most expensive mode of public transport, followed by trains and buses.
Since taxis are the primary means of public transit for people across all provinces, we are giving urgent attention to the problems in the industry.
This week, we are convening the National Taxi Lekgotla to chart the course towards a more efficient sector. This platform brings together government, civil society and industry stakeholders and comes on the back of provincial makgotla that have taken place in most provinces.
The lekgotla will seek common ground on existing business models, safety and compliance, broader economic empowerment of operators and the issue of subsidies for taxis. It will also look at how to end the conflict and violence that continues to plague the industry because of competition on routes.
Most importantly, it must emerge with a blueprint for a formalised industry that plays a meaningful role in the mainstream economy and is effectively regulated.
The taxi industry can and must play an important role in government's ultimate objective of improving the daily experiences of commuters through the establishment of integrated rapid transport service networks in the metros, cities, towns and rural districts.
When public transport is unsafe, unreliable and costly, it also affects economic activity. Given that about 4 in 10 workers use public transport to reach their workplaces, these challenges have knock-on effects on productivity, labour relations and business functioning.
As part of the programme to build a new economy, we are working with all stakeholders to improve the state of public transport. This is necessary if we are to expand manufacturing, increase local production, stimulate small business activity and create more job opportunities.
We are mindful that as households make decisions on where to live, where to work and where to study based on access to transport, businesses also make decisions on expansion and investment based on the mobility of the labour force.
Simply put, we cannot achieve the economic growth and recovery we aspire towards if people cannot get to work on time and safely.
A well-functioning transport system has the additional benefit of alleviating road congestion and reducing travel times, energy consumption and air pollution.
That is why we are going to invest in transport infrastructure systems that will carry people safely and in a manner that will contribute to economic growth.
The Economic Reconstruction and Recovery Plan I announced earlier this month acknowledges that improving transport infrastructure is central to economic growth and expanding industrial activity.
As part of our plan, we have embarked on projects to modernise and refurbish commuter rail networks alongside the expansion of road rehabilitation and maintenance programmes.
Upgraded transportation infrastructure coupled with improved public transport is a key driver of economic activity. Similarly, resolving the challenges facing a sector as important as the taxi industry is an important step towards transforming the public transport landscape.
A formalised, well-managed, better regulated minibus taxi system is in the best interests of not just those who use taxis daily. It is also in the interest of the development and progress of the entire society.
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Wahjudi, Stefani (2008) Types and functions of English taboo words used in Edmund White's A Boy's Own Story. Bachelor thesis, Petra Christian University.Full text not available from this repository.
Taboo words are generally offensive and considered inappropriate for being used in most occasions. However, people, although they were considered as well educated persons, still used taboo words in some occasions. This research attempted to find out the types and the functions of taboo words mostly used by the main character in this novel. In conducting this research, the writer used a qualitative-descriptive approach and she became the instrument that collected and analyzed the data from A Boy's Own Story novel. The writer analyzed the taboo words that were spoken by Edmund and his gay friends. In the analysis, the occurrences of taboo words can be classified based on the types such as (one's) mother in law, certain game animal, sex, death, excretory, bodily functions, anatomical and religious matters and also based on the functions such as create discredit, discredit, provoke violent confrontation, endearment, the create of strong personal identification and provide catharsis. The writer also analyzed the function of taboo words that was uttered by Edmund and his gay friends. After finishing the analysis, all the occurrences of taboo words were put into the prepared table based on the classification of types and functions criteria. In conclusion, the writer concluded that Edmund mostly used taboo words when he was talking to those who had intimate solidarity with him and in the informal setting. The taboo words used by Edmund mostly occurred when the conversations was talking about emotional pressures. Furthermore, the taboo words used by Edmund White were mostly functioned to discredit for reducing his emotional pressures and to endear for someone who had close relationship with him.
|Item Type:||Thesis (Bachelor)|
|Uncontrolled Keywords:||taboo words, gay|
|Date Deposited:||23 Mar 2011 18:48|
|Last Modified:||02 May 2011 12:36|
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text:
Trans Atlantic Consumer Dialogue Resolution on Competition, Privacy and Consumer Welfare
Consumers benefit from the existence of competitive markets, in which they can freely choose among a wide range of products and services. Competition policy plays an important role in this regard by ensuring that competition is not disrupted in a way that can harm consumers directly (e.g. leading to price increases or less choice) or indirectly (e.g. weakening competition as a process by hampering the ability of firms to compete on the merits).

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Watch It
On DVD: TBD | On Blu-ray: TBD
Riders to the Stars
In this vintage sci-fi adventure, a team of scientists is studying meteors and is baffled by how and why they are often destroyed when they enter the Earth's atmosphere. In a desire to better understand this process, three astronauts with a background in research -- Richard Stanton (William Lundigan), Jerry Lockwood (Richard Carlson), and Walter Gordon (Robert Karnes) -- are sent into space in a specially designed spaceship to capture a meteor and bring it back safe and sound. Richard Carlson, who played...more


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A rare bacterial infection spread through insect bites can kill through mutliple-organ failure and is on the rise in India.
New Delhi: One of the Indian Army's senior-most serving officers, Lt Gen P.S. Jaggi, AVSM, passed away in Delhi on Tuesday.
As condolences for the general poured in from defence minister Nirmala Sitharaman and Army chief General Bipin Rawat, sources revealed that he had contracted a bacterial infection through an insect bite which resulted in multiple organ failure.
The illness, known as Scrub Typhus, is considered to be a rare disease in the country and rarer in the army, an army hospital official said .
Lt. Gen Jaggi had been in the ICU for the last two weeks.
What is scrub typhus?
According to reports, scrub typhus is an extremely rare disease that had killed several hundred people in Assam during World War-II and had seemingly disappeared from India since.
The disease which is normally spread through mite or a rodent bite presents very similar symptoms to those found in other illnesses like dengue, typhoid, severe pneumonia and multi-organ dysfunction.
While scrub typhus is easy to cure if the antibiotic reaches the patient in the early days of fever, the difficulty in spotting cases of scrub typhus makes diagnoses of the illness extremely difficult and in most cases, patients are diagnosed too late.
Since the 1990s, there have also been signs of a re-emergence of the disease in India.
As of now, most cases of scrub typhus are being reported from Himachal Pradesh, Mizoram and Tamil Nadu. A few cases have been reported from the capital as well.
Health care professionals have been worried about the rise of the disease in India, especially in the last decade.
Times of India had reported in 2011 that a mystery fever had taken hold of Alwar's Rajgarh and Raini areas causing the death of 60 people. Experts at the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) and Sawai Man Singh Hospital had been in the dark for 15 days before concluding that the mystery fever was actually scrub typhus.
During the Gorakhpur tragedy that claimed the lives of over 60 children in a hospital in Yogi Adityanath's constituency in Uttar Pradesh, it was widely speculated that the cause of the deaths was Japanese encephalitis. However, a government-backed study later revealed that scrub typhus and not Japanese encephalitis was the probable cause of death.
In Kolkata, according to a survey conducted by a private hospital in 2017, scrub typhus turned out to be the second most frequent infectious disease in state after dengue in that year.
While the number of cases may have been lesser than dengue, the report found that the mortality rate of scrub typhus patients was much higher.
Despite the growing prevalence of the disease across India, a 2013 report published by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene revealed that it is perhaps the single most under-diagnosed, under-reported and severe illnesses in rural Asia.
Citing data from the World Health Organisation, the report claimed that one million cases of scrub typhus occurred each year, causing more deaths than dengue.
It also added that post the re-emergence of this mystery disease, cases were frequently spotted in India, Sri Lanka, the Maldives and Micronesia.
Why news media is in crisis & How you can fix it
India needs free, fair, non-hyphenated and questioning journalism even more as it faces multiple crises.
But the news media is in a crisis of its own. There have been brutal layoffs and pay-cuts. The best of journalism is shrinking, yielding to crude prime-time spectacle.
ThePrint has the finest young reporters, columnists and editors working for it. Sustaining journalism of this quality needs smart and thinking people like you to pay for it. Whether you live in India or overseas, you can do it here.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Can you give any pointers for Strengthen (or Weaken) Questions?
Did you really think I'd say no?
Strengthen and Weaken questions are two sides of a coin. In both instances, we will answer by appeal to the assumption of the argument. You cannot strengthen an argument on this test by showing that the evidence on offer is true. We will correctly stipulate the truth of all the evidence (we have to. In a world where the facts are in question, how can we ever hope to reason properly together? See the US Congress for illustration). So, if the validity of the evidence is not in question, how can we make the argument stronger or weaker?
We can do so because the argument has assumed something. So, to make the argument stronger, we'll assert that the necessary assumption is true. To weaken it, we'll deny the truth of the assumption.
Consider an example: If an argument begins by saying that Mechanical Engineering majors are astonishingly physically attractive as a group, and that therefore, they must be a successful dating population, then that argument is flawed, because it has assumed a connection between attractiveness and success in dating.
So, to strengthen that conclusion, indicate that physical attractive does matter in dating. Say something like "Typically, the more attractive a person is, the more likely it is she'll be able to get a date." This doesn't prove that the conclusion is true, but it does make it more likely - and that's what we were asked to do.
To weaken this conclusion, attack the assumption: Say something like "Recent studies have indicated that physical attractiveness is a much less important consideration in dating than financial acumen." In this way, you're denying the strength of the connection between attractiveness and dating. This doesn't prove the conclusion is false, but it makes it less likely. That was its job.


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Governor Granholm Declares June Youth Employment Month in Michigan DELEG Offers Tips for Finding Employment and Staying Safe on the JobContact: Mario L. Morrow 517-373-9280Agency: Licensing and Regulatory Affairs
June 3, 2009 - Governor Jennifer M. Granholm has proclaimed June as Youth Employment Month in Michigan to help teens identify employment opportunities and to help employers provide legal and safe working environments for Michigan's working teens.
This summer about 304,400 teenagers, ages 16-19, are expected to seek jobs in Michigan - a slight decrease over last year's job market.
"By providing valuable and safe summer work experiences today, employers are empowering Michigan's teens with the skills they will need to find good jobs in the future," said Granholm.
In recognition of Youth Employment Month, the Michigan Department of Energy, Labor & Economic Growth (DELEG) offers important tips to help teens find employment and to protect them while on the job.
"The safety and well-being of the state's youngest workers must be a top priority for Michigan employers," DELEG Director Stanley "Skip" Pruss stated. "Consequently, it is important for employers to be educated about the state's youth employment laws, such as those in the Youth Employment Standards Act and especially during the summer months as more teens join the workforce to fill jobs created by increased activity in the state's tourism and recreational industries."
Michigan's minimum wage law increased to $7.40 in July 2008. There is also a state sub-minimum wage for those under 18 years of age. The sub-minimum wage allows employers to pay these young workers at a rate of 85 percent of the state adult minimum wage or a wage equal to the federal minimum wage, whichever is greater. The current sub-minimum rate is $6.55 an hour, based on the federal minimum wage, and will increase to $7.25 an hour on July 24, 2009, when the federal minimum wage increases.
Protecting Working Youth
DELEG's Wage & Hour Division is launching a month-long campaign to educate employers about the state's youth employment laws and is working with the U.S. Department of Labor Wage & Hour Division, as part of a national effort, to visit employers, pass out materials and discuss legal aspects of employing minors. The campaign will include visits to retail and fast food establishments, which employ the majority of teenagers, and to school districts, which issue work permits.
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health reports that approximately 70 teens die every year in the U.S. from work-related injuries. The most recent data shows nearly 2,000 Michigan teens were seriously injured on the job in a two-year period (2006-2007).
As a result, the Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Administration (MIOSHA), also within DELEG, is continuing its multi-year "Young Worker Initiative," which provides basic workplace safety and health information to Michigan teens before they begin work or early in their working careers.
MIOSHA has developed the brochure "Extreme Safety: Important Facts for Working Teens" that explains their workplace rights and responsibilities, and fact sheets for young workers in the construction, food service, retail and lawn care industries. MIOSHA youth material can be found at: _URL_ in the "MIOSHA Initiatives" section, click on "Young Worker Initiative."
Minors need work permits
Minors are required to have a work permit, which they can obtain at any Michigan school district, intermediate school district, public school academy or non-public school. Generally, teens must be at least 14 years old for most jobs; however, children as young as 11 can work as golf caddies or sports referees. Children, 13 years of age or older, can work on farms.
Minors, ages 14 and 15, can work between 7:00 a.m. and 9:00 p.m. while 16- and 17-year-olds can be employed between 6:00 a.m. and 10:30 p.m. (11:30 p.m. on Friday or Saturday or when not regularly attending school) for up to 48 hours per week of school and work combined.
Those with questions about the Youth Employment Standards Act can contact the Wage and Hour Division at _PHONE_ or visit _URL_ and click on "Youth Employment." A work permit fact sheet is available online at: _URL_
Summer jobs for low income youth
DELEG Director Pruss noted that low income youth between the ages of 14 and 24 may qualify for summer jobs this year as the state has received about $74 million from the federal government for summer employment programs. About 80 percent of the money will be used this summer. The jobs will be with governmental and non-profit organizations as well as with some private employers.
"Young people interested in applying for these summer jobs or for more information should contact their local Michigan Works Agency," Pruss said.
MWA locations can be found at michiganworks.org/ or by calling 1-800-285-WORKS (9675).
Copyright © 2001-2013 State of Michigan


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Analysis of ethyl 3-(2-chlorophenyl)propenoate by electron ionization mass spectrometry showed the distinct loss of an ortho chlorine. To characterize the structural requisites for the observed mass fragmentation, a series of 30 halogen-substituted 3-phenylpropenoate-related structures were examined. All ester-containing alkene derivatives exhibited loss of the distinctive chlorine from the 2-position of the phenyl ring. Analogous derivatives with the halogen (chlorine or bromine) in the para position did not evidence selective halogen loss. Results demonstrated that substituted 3-phenylpropenoates and their analogs fragment via the formation of a previously reported benzopyrylium intermediate. To understand the correlation between the intramolecular radical substitution and the abundance and selectivity of the chlorine (or other halogen) displacement, density functional theory calculations were performed to determine the charge on the principal cation involved in the chlorine loss (in the ortho, meta, and para positions), the charge for the neutral radical (noncation), the excess alpha-electron density on the relevant atom and the energy to form the cation from the neutral atom (ionization energy). Results showed that the selectivity and extent of halogen displacement correlated highly to the electrophilicity of the radical cation as well as the neutral radical. These data further support the proposed fragmentation mechanism involving intramolecular radical elimination.
- Benzopyrylium cation
- Density functional theory calculations
- Electron ionization mass spectrometry
- Substituted cinnamic esters
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Organic Chemistry


Infrared Sensor
../_images/pupdevice-infrared.png
class InfraredSensor(port)
LEGO® Powered Up Infrared Sensor.
Parameters
port (Port) – Port to which the sensor is connected.
distance() int: %
Measures the relative distance between the sensor and an object using infrared light.
Returns
Distance ranging from 0% (closest) to 100% (farthest).
reflection() int: %
Measures the reflection of a surface using an infrared light.
Returns
Measured reflection, ranging from 0% (no reflection) to 100% (high reflection).
count() int
Counts the number of objects that have passed by the sensor.
Returns
Number of objects counted.
Examples
Measuring distance, object count, and reflection
from pybricks.pupdevices import InfraredSensor
from pybricks.parameters import Port
from pybricks.tools import wait
# Initialize the sensor.
ir = InfraredSensor(Port.A)
while True:
 # Read all the information we can get from this sensor.
 dist = ir.distance()
 count = ir.count()
 ref = ir.reflection()
 # Print the values
 print("Distance:", dist, "Count:", count, "Reflection:", ref)
 # Move the sensor around and move your hands in front
 # of it to see what happens to the values.
 # Wait some time so we can read what is printed.
 wait(200)


every 8 hours on FTX the funding payments happen every hour. Towards the right side you'll find the information on funding rate and predicted rate.
hourly funding
So how much funding do you pay or receive?
How to calculate the funding fee?
Funding rate is applied in proportion to the size of the traders position. That is the calculated funding rate is applied to the traders notional position size regardless of their leverage.
An example:
Let's say you are long 10000 contracts (10000 USD) @ $10000. The current BTC price is $10000 and the funding rate is 0.01%. Whether you are 1x long, 10x long or 100x long. You'll be paying the same fee which is $1.
funding fee calculation
Now here is how to calculate the funding fees.
Funding calculation:
 - Inverse perpetual swap:
Funding rate payment = (Funding rate * Position notional) / Current BTC price
 - USDT perpetual:
Funding rate payment = (Funding rate * Position notional) * Current BTC price
Example 1: Inverse Perpetual Swaps
Let us assume the funding rate is 0.02% (Positive, means long pay shorts). You have a position size of 50000 contracts and the current BTC price is $17200. Here is the calculation.
50000 * 0.02% = $10. Now divide this by current BTC value that is 10 / 17200 = 0.00058139 BTC or in other words 58139 Satoshi is the fee you will be paying.
You can use our Satoshi to USD converter tool to know the value of Satoshi.
Example 2: USDT perpetual
Let us assume the funding rate is 0.01% and you are long 20 BTC. Here is how to calculate funding if you are trading on USDT perpetual.
20 * 0.01% = 0.002 BTC. Now multiply this value to current BTC price that is 0.002 x 17200 = 34.4$. This is the funding fee you'll be paying.
As you can see the leverage doesn't matter at all. Its all your position size. Since it accounts the amount of leverage used funding rates can have a huge impact on ones PNL (Profit and Loss). Especially those with high leverage.
Hope that explains how to calculate the funding fee for your position size on both USDT perpetual and inverse perpetual swaps. Now here are few key points to note about funding rate.
Key points: Funding rate
 1. Every derivatives exchange uses funding mechanism on perpetual contracts. This maintains a balance between buy and sell ratio every 8 hours and it ensures the price does not deviate too much away from the index spot price.
 2. Funding is a fee that is not charged by the exchange. They do not gain anything from this. Funding rate is peer-to-peer. It is a fee that is exchanged directly between longs and shorts.
 3. Funding rate is calculated by the exchange and it varies over time on each exchange. If the rate is positive, then longs pay shorts. If the rate is negative, then shorts pay longs. The information on funding rate and fees will be displayed on the trading platform in advance.
 4. If you close your position before the funding period then you'll neither pay nor receive any fee from funding.
 5. The funding fee only applies to perpetual contracts. Not to futures contracts.
 6. Funding rate usually works against popular traders. If most traders are long BTC then the funding rate tend to increase and that confirms the buying interest. If more traders are shorting Bitcoin then funding rate tend to go negative and that confirms the selling interest.
Historically Bitcoin has been on a bullish upward trending market. This is the reason why long traders have largely paid funding to the short traders.
The rate tend to vary as the trend turns bullish or bearish. If the rate diminishes then it shows less interest from traders. However do note that funding rate does not confirm that price for sure will move in a particular direction.
Hope this explains everything about funding. It applies to Bitcoin, Ethereum and every other altcoin perpetual contracts.
Thank you for reading. Hoping to see you in another interesting guide.
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TWO CITIES WORKING TOGETHER TO: CREATE A BETTER ENVIRONMENT REDUCE DISCHARGES TO THE RIVER PROVIDE RECLAIMED WATER TO CAPE CORAL MAINTAIN FRESHWATER CANAL LEVELS
The reclaimed water transmission pipeline will allow the City of Fort Myers to dispose of surplus reclaimed water in an environmentally friendly way, while reducing the need to discharge into the Caloosahatchee River.
The additional reclaimed water will allow the City of Cape Coral to provide water for irrigation use and fire protection purposes. The reclaimed water will reduce withdrawals from freshwater canals and help maintain water levels during the dry season.
All updates, notices and documents related to the Caloosahatchee Connect project will be posted to keep you up-to-date.
Click here to view the Documents page.


How To Quit A Function In Python
When working with Python functions, there are times when you want to exit or quit a function before it fully completes its execution. This blog post will explain different ways to quit a function using Python, including the return statement, the sys.exit() method, and the raise statement with a custom exception.
1. Using the return Statement
The most common way to quit a function in Python is by using the return statement. When the return statement is executed, the function immediately exits, and any code following the return statement will not be executed.
Let's look at an example:
def my_function(num):
 if num < 0:
 print("Negative number. Exiting the function.")
 return
 result = num * 2
 print("The result is:", result)
my_function(-3)
my_function(5)
In this example, the function my_function checks if the input number is negative. If it is, the function prints a message and quits using the return statement before calculating the result. In this case, only the positive number (5) is processed, and its result is printed.
2. Using sys.exit()
Another way to quit a function in Python is by using the sys.exit() method. This method exits the entire Python program, not just the function. To use sys.exit(), you need to import the sys module first.
Note that sys.exit() should be used with caution, as it stops the entire program, not just the function from which it is called.
Here's an example:
import sys
def my_function(num):
 if num < 0:
 print("Negative number. Exiting the program.")
 sys.exit()
 result = num * 2
 print("The result is:", result)
my_function(-3)
my_function(5)
In this example, when the negative number is encountered, the sys.exit() method is called, and the entire program is terminated. The second function call with the positive number is never executed.
3. Raising a Custom Exception
Another approach to quit a function is by raising a custom exception. This method allows you to handle specific cases in your code more gracefully and provides more information about the reason for quitting the function.
Here's an example:
class NegativeNumberError(Exception):
 pass
def my_function(num):
 if num < 0:
 raise NegativeNumberError("Negative number encountered. Quitting the function.")
 result = num * 2
 print("The result is:", result)
try:
 my_function(-3)
except NegativeNumberError as e:
 print(e)
my_function(5)
In this example, we define a custom exception called NegativeNumberError and raise it when a negative number is encountered. Then, we wrap the function call in a try and except block to catch the custom exception and print its message.
In conclusion, there are several ways to quit a function in Python, including the return statement, the sys.exit() method, and raising a custom exception. The method you choose depends on your specific use case and requirements.


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Children's Day on the Farm
April 22 @ 9:30 am - 4:00 pm
PLEASE NOTE: Brattonsville Road will be closed for visitor safety from 8:30 a.m. – 4:30. Please follow the posted detour.
Detour Information: From McConnells Highway (SC-322) turn southbound onto Williamson Road (State Route 560) Travel 1.5 miles on Williamson Road and turn right onto Percival Road (State Route 380) Travel 2.1 miles on Percival Road to reach Historic Brattonsville
Children's Day on the Farm will be held in two sessions. The 1st session will be from 9:30 a.m. – 12:30 p.m. and the 2nd session will be from 1 – 4 p.m.
Join us for Children's Day on the Farm and learn all about how children lived, worked, and played in the 19th century! See how children were involved in 19th-century farm life and trades through make-and-take activities and hands-on demonstrations.
On-Going Activities Include:
- Make-and-take activities:
- Meet Historic Brattonsville's Barnyard Animals
- Blacksmithing demonstration
- Historic hearth cooking
- Plowing demonstration
Scheduled Activities Include:
- Brattonsville site tour:
11 a.m. during the 1st session
2:30 p.m. during the 2nd session


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-term student outcome metrics. Fifty percent of Hypothetical U. enrollments are underserved students; the team anticipates that they will see the most improvement in gateway course achievement with this group given the focus of their activities, and expects slight improvement for other students. Hypothetical U. reviewed results from other institutions evidencing significant course outcome improvements when faculty have and act on real-time information about students, and for underserved students when course content is relatable for students from diverse backgrounds. From others' experiences, Hypothetical U. is optimistic about its ability to influence significant gains in gateway completion, particularly for underserved students. Their near-term target statements follow.
- The gap in the gateway math course success rate (achieving a C or better) between underserved and other students will decrease from 10 to 5 percentage points in the spring 2021 semester, with no decline in achievement by other students (Figure 2).
- Of all students attempting, the percentage of students successfully completing gateway math (achieving a C or better) will increase from 30 to 36 percent in the spring 2021 semester.
Examining historical data, and the relationship between gateway math completion rates across student populations, Hypothetical U. estimated the improvement in retention rates and set their long-term targets using the estimation model below (see Figure 3). This relatively simple model makes a number of assumptions – steady enrollments and composition of students, similar retention patterns over time, and a very limited number of influences on students and the environment – but provides campus teams with an example for determining "how much" is possible.
- Compute the number of additional students who will complete gateway math if the Spring 2021 target is hit. So, 25% of 2,500 historically underserved students completed gateway math in the base year, or 625 students.
- At a target of 33%, this increases to 825 students, for an additional 200 historically underserved students completing gateway math.
- Assuming a retention rate for the target that is similar to the base year—or 60% for historically underserved students—compute the number of additional students that will be retained: 60% of 200, or 120 students.
- Add the 120 additional students to the base of 1,500 retained students, for a total 1,620 historically underserved students retained.
- Compute the target percent, or 1,620 of 2,500 historically underserved students retained, or 65%.
Looking forward to evaluating the near-term metrics every term, Hypothetical U. decided it was prudent to begin evaluating their long-term target after completing one academic year of their new activities to provide sufficient time for students to attempt their gateway math course, and for faculty to revise curriculum. This resulted in Hypothetical U.'s formal target statements for the retention long-term metric:
- The percentage of first-time students retained will increase from 64 to 67 percent for the 2021 entering cohort, as measured by retention to their second academic year.
- The retention equity gap for first-time students will decrease by three percentage points for the 2021 entering cohort, as measured by retention to their second academic year.


Kapilavastuvihara, Kapilavastuvihāra, Kapilavastu-vihara: 1 definition
India history and geography
[«previous next»] — Kapilavastuvihara in India history glossary
Source: archive.org: Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 1963
Kapilavastuvihāra or Kapilavastu is the name of an ancient building that once existed near Polonnaruva (Polonnaruwa), Ceylon (Sri Lanka).—Parakkamabāhu I also built:—(i) Kapila or Kapilavastu-vihāra; (ii) Dakṣiṇārāma; (iii) Pacchimārāma; (iv) the Suluvādenige of gold; (v) Purvārāma; (vi) Atubadalena-vihāra; (vii) Isipatana-vihāra in the Rājavesibhujaṅga suburb; (viii) Kusinārā-vihāra in the Sīhapura suburb; (ix) Veluvana-vihāra in the Vijita suburb; and (x) between the Palace and the 3 suburbs, at each gāvuta (about 2miles), a vihāra with Sermon and Image Houses.
India history book cover
context information
Discover the meaning of kapilavastuvihara in the context of India history from relevant books on Exotic India
See also (Relevant definitions)
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The BYU Center for Teaching and Learning is offering a useful "just-in-time" workshop for faculty and instructors, "Designing A Course for Significant Learning," Thursday, Jan. 3, from 9 a.m. to noon (location TBA).
Based on L.D. Fink's model of course design, this workshop is valuable for any faculty member planning a new course or re-designing a current one. This hands-on workshop provides collaborative support for instructors as they create/modify their course(s) using the following:
- Course learning outcomes
- Learning assessments to evaluate the achievement of the course learning outcomes (e.g., tests, assignments, presentations, projects)
- Engaging learning activities to help students achieve the course learning outcomes (e.g., in-class activities, homework)
To register, RSVP no later than Thursday, Dec. 27, to _EMAIL_. List your name and department and include your BYU e-mail address to receive materials related to the workshop before it begins.
For more information, contact _EMAIL_.


Pre - Test
This is the same pre-test that sent out when you first join the dragonpalm101 yahoogroup
Dragon Palm Circle
Wicca 101
This is not really a test, but answer every question as best you can. This will help us in teaching the class this year. Many of the questions have no right or wrong answers -
 1. What is a Witch
 2. What is Wicca
 3. How long have you been on this path?
 4. What do you expect to get out of Wicca 101.
 5. What books have you read.
 6. What percentage of your current knowledge of Wicca come from.
 1. Books
 2. Movies
 3. Internet
 4. Friends
 5. Another Wicca class
 6. Coven
 1. Who is Gerald Gardner
 2. What is a Book Of Shadows
 3. What is the difference between Magick and magic
 4. Who is Raymond Buckland?
 5. What is your main reason for taking Wicca 101
 6. Do you know how to cast circle
 7. In what direction to you start when you are casting circle
 8. What is the importance of the Year and a Day.
 9. What candles on an Alter represent the God and Goddess and why
 10. Give a list of all Craft tools that you know of and what they are used for.
 11. What is a Warlock
 12. Who is Silver RavenWolf
 13. What is a Coven
 14. What is an elder?


Monday, February 17, 2014
Fire moon
I was puzzled at the "fire moon" reference in Hobbit two, where Kili tells Tauriel about seeing a red moon rising. I don't remember any thing about this in Tolkien.
So what causes a "fire moon", where the moon turns red as blood?
UniverseToday discusses HERE
usually it is because it is low in the sky, but it can also be caused by smoke/particles in the air such as after wildfires or volcanic eruptions etc.
ZTResearch has a great photo of a firemoon in Rapid City from the wildfires in Wyoming. LINK
 a third reason is during a full lunar eclipse.
No comments:


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Subsurface drainage is the primary water management approach in field cultivation in Nordic areas. Installing and improving a subsurface drainage system change water flow dynamics and routes in the soil, which affect nitrogen (N) load from the field. The role of soil properties, drainage system improvements and surrounding areas in the formation of water flow routes is not fully understood. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of subsurface drainage on water flow and N transport using field monitoring data, statistical analysis and mathematical modeling. The performance of two drainage installation methods applied in the Sievi experimental field were investigated with statistical analysis. Differences in groundwater level occurred due to drainage installation method and soil type at the drain depth, but the absolute differences were small (0.1 m). A state-of-the-art process-based hydrological model was applied to investigate the effects of soil properties and drainage systems on water flow routes. Field subsurface drainage schemes were simulated with 3D, 2D and 1D model applications using data from a clayey field in southern Finland (Nummela). Model applications showed how field drainage can be described with models of different dimensions and scale (from drain spacing to field section scale). The 3D drain spacing simulations demonstrated the benefits of using detailed soil data in model parameterization as an alternative to model calibration. In the 2D long-term simulations, the 3D soil parameterization was up-scaled to field section scale. The short-term 3D model simulations showed the dominant nature of soil macropores over the drainage system description. Comparison of the long-term 2D model simulations revealed that the improved drainage installations changed the shares of all the water flow routes, including groundwater outflow. A generic solute transport component was developed and tailored to describe N cycle transport and processes in 1D model simulations. Autumn period simulations of a poorly and well drained field sections showed that nitrate N loading was mainly controlled by the initial soil N storages after harvest and the timing of the precipitation events, while the soil moisture content differences explained the magnitudes of gaseous N losses. Long-term monitoring data series, statistical analysis and process-based modeling showed that the practical effects of subsurface drainage are site specific and comprehensive view on the local water and nutrient management is needed when controlling the environmental impacts of field cultivation. The 1D, 2D and 3D model applications could all be used to replicate the measured drain discharge data, even though the drainage system description differed between the cases due to the differences in water flow directions and the boundaries of the simulated domain. The finding of the research suggests that field water management moves the N load from one path to another rather than affecting to the total amount of the water volume or N loading.
|Publication status||Published - 2019|
|MoE publication type||G5 Doctoral dissertation (article)|
- process-based modeling
- statistical analysis
- drainage installation
- drain trench
- envelope material


You are here
Fireside Reads: Why Do Bluebirds Hate Me?
Though there's a pile of books on the edge of my desk waiting to be reviewed, Mike O'Connor's book jumped to the top of the heap when it arrived at my door.
Outwardly, Why Do Bluebirds Hate Me? is not a book about national parks, but the wisdom the author offers can be carried into the parks.
Plus, he's outrageously funny.
The book, which carries a sub-title of More Answers to Common and Not-So-Common Questions About Birds and Birding, is built from questions he received from readers of his birding columns that appear in the Cape Codder newspaper (so you see, there actually is a connection to the parks via Cape Cod National Seashore!).
Why Do Bluebirds Hate Me? is a handy book (it's new in bookstores this week!) to have around the house. Houseguests will enjoy it, even if they're not into birding. No need to read it cover-to-cover in one sitting. Rather, you can skim through it and pick and choose what interests you.
For instance, if you're heading to one of the Southwest national parks, say Saguaro, you'd be wise to read about the Pyrrhuloxia, which, Mike points out, "is a real bird, not a strange disease."
The question about the Pyrrhuloxia arose from a reader who received a postcard from a friend in Arizona. The front of the card featured some birds, one of which the reader was sure was a cardinal.
"I don't know a lot about birds, but I know what a cardinal looks like. Why did they call it a Pyrrhuloxia. Is that another name for a cardinal?" he wrote to Mike.
Alternate Text
The Pyrrhuloxia is indeed a real bird, not a disease. Kurt Repanshek photo.
Mike's response rolled on for almost two-and-a-half pages, mixing humor with a straight-forward answer: "How did the Pyrrhuloxia end up with such a scary-looking name? And what does Pyrrhuloxia mean? It's all Greek to me. Really, it is Greek. The Pyrrhuloxia's name comes from the combination of two Greek words: "flame," which has to do with the male's red breast, and "crooked," referring to its large beak."
Beyond that, Mike concludes to his inquiring reader, "I also understand why you would question any bird with the name 'Pyrrhuloxia" under it. It sure looks like the worst typo ever or an ointment you might use for a skin rash. But the Pyrrhuloxia is a real bird. It just has a lousy name."
Though the author tosses birding levity about freely, he also knows his stuff, or knows where to look for the answer. When one reader was curious about how ducks managed to swim in lakes and ponds in winter without freezing their feet, Mike discovered that ducks have an interesting blood circulation system: "...wild ducks have a system of heat exchange, or countercurrent, in which veins and arteries wrap around each other. As the blood flows from a duck's heart, it warms the cold blood returning from the feet. This procedure moderates the incoming blood and keeps the duck's core from becoming chilled and hypothermic. Who knew ducks were so complicated?"
But Mike also couldn't resist a little fun in easing the reader's concerns for ducks in winter. "I'm not saying winter is easy for ducks; it certainly isn't. But they've evolved some effective survival strategies. If you're still worried about your ducks, Julia, invite them in for a cup of coffee, hot chocolate, or even a hot toddy. Just don't offer them a glass of Cold Duck. That would be wrong on so many levels."
Why Do Bluebirds Hate Me? is a wonderful book, whether you bird actively or occasionally, to have around the house. And if you find yourself in Cape Cod any time soon, stop by Mike's store, the Bird Watcher's General Store in Orleans, and ask for an autographed copy and a glass of Cold Duck.
Amazon Detail : Product Description
A collection of humorous Q&As about everything you've always wanted to ask about birds and birding

Mike O'Connor knows bird watchers as well as he knows birds. He knows that if you're even slightly interested in identifying birds or attracting them to your backyard with a feeder, then you've also had your share of strange and silly questions about birds and their sometimes inexplicable behavior. In Why Do Bluebirds Hate Me?, O'Connor applies his deep knowledge of all things avian to answer the questions that keep birders up at night. Questions like
 · Should you clean your birdhouses?
 · Do swallows have a feather fetish?
 · How much does it cost to run a heated birdbath?
 · Is drinking coffee bad for birds?
Other questions O'Connor covers range from the practical (Should I rotate the seed in my feeder?) to the quirky (Why are vultures eating my vinyl screen door?) to the just plain adorable (Are those birds kissing or feeding each other?). And he also explains why bluebirds just don't seem to like some people.
Comments
What a welcome story. I just ordered the "blue bird" book. It will make a great gift but I'm going to read it first.
Danny
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National Parks Traveler's Essential Park Guide


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On 23 June 2013, South Africa served a notice of termination in respect of its BIT with Spain, thus ensuring that the investment treaty will terminate on 23 December 2013. Pursuant to Article XII of the BIT, the treaty entered into force for a period of 10 years from 23 December 1999, and thereafter for consecutive 2 year periods, unless terminated by 6 months' notice before the date of expiry.
Investments made or acquired prior to 23 December 2013 will, however, continue to benefit from protection until 23 December 2023, by virtue of the survival clause in the BIT.
Those wishing to invest in South Africa should include contractual investment protection mechanisms, consider carefully how their investment is structured, and keep appraised of developments further to South Africa's redistributive Black Economic Empowerment policy.
In 2007, investors from Luxembourg and Italy investor brought a claim against South Africa under the ICSID additional facility rules, arguing that South Africa's Mining and Petroleum Resources Development Act (MPRDA) contained provisions that expropriated their mineral rights. The MPRDA forms part of South Africa's Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) Policy (an affirmative action policy), and requires, among other things, equity in mining companies to be partly owned by 'Historically Disadvantaged Persons'. In 2010, the parties settled the claim, and in the immediate aftermath of the settlement, South Africa launched its review of its BITs. Concluding that BITs 'pose risks and limitations on the ability of the government to pursue its constitutional-based transformation agenda', South Africa terminated its BIT with Belgium and Luxembourg.
The South African cabinet decided that all 'first generation' BITs (those concluded in the immediate post-apartheid period) should be reviewed with a view to termination. The South African Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) has raised concerns about investor-state arbitration as a dispute resolution mechanism, and has mooted the formulation of a new model BIT without such provisions.
The South African Trade and Industry Minister has stated that South Africa will continue to protect foreign investment, but will do so through a legislative framework rather than through 'old-style, dated, antiquated bilateral investment treaties'. The international reaction to this has been tepid, with EU trade commissioner Karel de Gucht stating: 'Investors are watching developments very carefully. It only takes a critical mass of measures before investors decide to defer investments in South Africa.' Canada, which has attempted to strengthen its African trade ties, has likewise reacted unfavourably, with the minister for international trade describing the move as 'very disappointing'.
Investors may consider that South Africa's stance towards BITs reflects a desire to advance its broad-based BEE policy. The redistributive aspects of this policy could be incompatible with the expropriation and fair and equitable treatment provisions in most BITs. It is likely that South Africa is adopting a targeted approach to its termination of BITs. Publically available information suggests that it has not yet sought to terminate any other BITs, even where it is entitled to do so. However, as is good practice investors should consider various methods of protecting their investments. These include:
- The conclusion of a well drafted investment agreement with the government, incorporating stabilisation clauses and effective dispute resolution provisions;
- The selection of an appropriate JV partner;
- Choosing an appropriate investment structure;
- Keeping fully appraised of the political drive for redistributive BEE policies.


Great Place to Work - Certified
Why FCR is no more just a First Call Resolution rate?
Customer Service has come a long way since the last two decades. Customer Service or Customer Support is no more mere operations but an experience now. Responding to customer queries started over phones, then emails and today to any digital channel that is available. Although phones were a thing earlier that is changing gradually and so is the abbreviation – FCR. A lot of contact centers, customer service teams used it and still use First call resolution as a key metric to measure customer satisfaction and optimize operations cost. But with a plethora of digital channels opening up, the term is no longer the First call but First Contact Resolution rate. Customers can't be restricted to any channel. its the BPOs', customer service teams and other organizations' onus to provide support on different digital channels ( social media, Chat, messengers, email, SMS, video etc.) and preferably in a single touch.
Let's Talk a bit about FCR nowFirst Contact Resolution Rate..
In simple terms, it is the percentage of customer queries resolved in the first contact made between a customer and organization through any interaction channel.
However, it's not that simple. Calculating FCR varies from organization to organization. At times, there are organizations with poorly defined or non-existent business processes and thus, the queries will never be resolved in the first contact. Thus, calculating FCR effectively is only possible when you have defined customer service business process.
Why is FCR Important?
Why so much stress on this KPI and not others? For any organization customer retention ( revenue) and regulating costs ( Operations) are the top priorities, at least from a service standpoint. And FCR directly or indirectly impacts both.
Let's take a scenario where you have five hybrid inbound agents – calls & chats. Each agent per day services 100 calls and 200 chats. So in total every day your team caters to 500 calls and 1000 chats. Let suppose your FCR is 60% thus, 405 of your inbound queries are repeat customer queries that is – 40% of 500 calls + 40% of 1000 chats – equals 200 calls & 400 chats – 2 extra agents. Do the math.
Customer retention is the other metric which takes an indirect hit. As per an industry study, CSR is 35-45 % lower when a second call is made for the same issue. Lower CSR translates into less happy customers and there are 10 other organizations poaching your customer.
So how do you mend things?
How to improve FCRFirst contact resolution rate?
Invest in an Empowering Technology
 1. Single Customer View – Empower Agents to understand customer queries better by giving them a complete view of customer interaction so they have contextual conversations.
 2. Unified Agent Desktop – Another key metric that contributes to FCR is Agent handling time. Enabling Agents to access right set of information – customer crm data, knowledge base, customer sentiment etc in minimal time helps Agents respond faster and more effectively.
 3. Multi-Level to Multi -Simple IVR's – Rather than having multilevel complex self-service channels, make life easy for your customer. Have multiple one to three level IVR to boost FCR rates and improve customer query resolution. Complex IVR can leave your customers confused and anxious leading to disappointment.
 4. Skill/Location-based Agent mapping– Try to route queries by considering customer profile and even sentiment data. Every customer is not the same and uses your judgment and historical data to build routing configurations that boost customer confidence in your service
 5. Self Service Automation – With more and more customers taking the Self-service route have a technology solution that is intuitive and enables your customers to resolve queries on their own. It can cover chatbots, voice bots, customer portals, Knowledge base etc. But the goal remains the same.
Coming to a clinch, I hope I was able to add some value through this article. This must have given you a fair idea of how FCR is important for the growth of business and how it can leverage your performance. There are other call center metrics also available but, as per my notion, being one of the prime factors responsible for customer satisfaction, businesses should have a solution that focuses on FCR. This will help them meet customer demands at the earliest and deliver exceptional customer experience.
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Interesting Insights


Woodford Island
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Woodford Island is an inland island in the Far-North Coast of New South Wales, Australia. It is formed by the Clarence River where it splits into the South Arm and North Arm at the small village of Brushgrove then reforms at the town of Maclean. The island covers 37 square kilometres.
Woodford Island is mostly flood plain which supports the primary industries of sugar cane and milk producing cattle. There are a few small businesses, however, most residents travel off the island to Maclean or Grafton for goods and services.
People and geography[edit]
Through its almost exact centre is a mountain ridge. The rest is plains which is subjected to periodic flooding. The largest town is Brushgrove at the south of the island.
Woodford Island was one of the first places inhabited by Europeans on the Far-North Coast. Original settler John Small was attracted to the abundance of Australian Redcedar. The town of Brushgrove was once a major trading hub for timber, sugar and other agriculture goods due to its location on the Clarence River. This brought tremendous wealth to area and at one time the island supported many schools, a police station, many businesses and other utilities. However, due to the development of road and train infrastructure, the town has dwindled in size over the past century.
Points of interests[edit]
Hermitt Cave, Golf Course, Small's Pioneer Cemetery, Old School, Abandoned Quarry.
Interesting alleged fact[edit]
It is claimed Woodford Island is the largest inland island in the Southern Hemisphere with its own mountain range.[by whom?]. It is however smaller than many river islands in South America and Africa. It is in fact the largest Non-Delta (not formed from river sedimentation) river island in the Southern Hemisphere.[citation needed]
Coordinates: 29°31′S 153°08′E / 29.517°S 153.133°E / -29.517; 153.133


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Conclusive Presumption Law and Legal Definition
Conclusive Presumption or absolute presumption or irrebuttable presumption of law refers to presumption which cannot be overcome or changed by any additional evidence or argument. It refers to rules of law and are usually mere fictions. Modern courts repudiate conclusive presumptions when they are not fictions. For example, a child below 7 years of age is incapable of committing a felony.


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- July 1, 1971
- With Executive Order 11603, President Nixon folds the Peace Corps and several other service programs into a new federal volunteer agency called ACTION. The Peace Corps' original Congressional mandate, however, remains unchanged.
- November 1974
- Christopher Dodd of Connecticut, a Volunteer in the Dominican Republic from 1966 to 1968, and Paul Tsongas of Massachusetts, a Volunteer in Ethiopia from 1962 to 1964, are the first returned Peace Corps Volunteers elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. They both go on to be elected to the U.S. Senate.
- October 1977
- Carolyn Robertson Payton is appointed Peace Corps Director by President Jimmy Carter. She is the first female and the first African American to be Peace Corps Director.
- Peace Corps closes its post in Afghanistan. The Peace Corps entered Afghanistan in 1962 and 1,652 Volunteers served in the country until the program ended.
Last updated Jul 16 2012
Fast Facts on Paper
These files are in PDF format and require the free Adobe Acrobat Reader.
Check out our searchable collection of select electronic Peace Corps historical materials from the Peace Corps archives and contributions from current and returned Peace Corps Volunteers and Staff.
Visit the Digital Library


Instant fossils found trapped in asteroid impact glass
Life 24 April 2014
New Scientist Default Image
(Image: Peter Schultz/Geology/GSA)
When asteroids strike Earth, it can mean death and destruction. But they can also be flashbulbs, capturing a freeze-frame record of life at the moment of impact.
Peter Schultz of Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, and his colleagues examined two asteroid impact sites in the Chasicó and Mar del Plata regions in La Pampa, Argentina. They found the first examples of biological material locked in the glass that is instantly formed in the blast.
This animation of 3D electron microscope scans show plant fragments that were pulled out of the impact glass for detailed analysis. The material was preserved in incredible detail, including structures down to the cellular level.
Similar impact glass fossils, protected for eons under a blanket of Martian dust, could retain a record of ancient life on the Red Rlanet.
Journal reference: Geology, DOI: 10.1130/G35343.1


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This report describes a method for the determination of atrazine, desethylatrazine, deisopropylatrazine, didealkylatrazine, and hydroxyatrazine from soil pore waters by use of solid-phase extractionfollowed by chemical derivatization and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The analytes are isolated from the pore-water matrix byextraction onto a graphitized carbon-black cartridge. The cartridge is dried under vacuum, and adsorbed analytes are removed by elution with ethyl acetate followed by dichloromethane/methanol (7:3, volume/volume). Water is removed from the ethyl acetate fraction on an anhydrous sodium sulfate column. The combined fractions are solvent exchanged into acetonitrile, evaporated by use of a nitrogen stream, and derivatized by use of N- methyl-N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)- trifluoroacetamide. The derivatized extracts are analyzed by capillary-column gaschromatography/electron-impact mass spectrometry in the scan mode. Estimated method detection limits range from 0.03 to 0.07 micrograms per liter. The mean recoveries of all analytes and surrogates determined at 0.74 to 0.82 micrograms per liter in reagent water in soil pore water were 94 percent and 98 percent, respectively. The mean recoveries of all analytes and surrogates determined at 7.4 to 8.2 micrograms per liter in reagent water and in soil pore water were 96 percent and 97 percent,respectively. Recoveries were 90 percent or higher, regardless of analyte concentration or matrix composition, for all compounds excepthydroxyatrazine, whose recoveries were slightly lower (77 percent) at the low concentration.
Additional publication details
USGS Numbered Series
Determination of atrazine and its major degradation products in soil pore water by solid-phase extraction, chemical derivatization, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
U.S. Geological Survey ;
Branch of Information Services [distributor],


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||Geological Survey, Reston, VA.; Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources, Madison.; Earth Tech., Inc., San Antonio, TX.; National Sanitation Foundation, Ann Arbor, MI.; Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
A hydrodynamic-settling device was installed in 2004 to treat stormwater runoff from a roof and parking lot located at the Water Utility Administration Building in Madison, Wis. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the City of Madison, cities in the Waukesha Permit Group, Hydro International, Earth Tech, Inc., National Sanitation Foundation International, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, monitored the device from November 2005 through September 2006 to evaluate it as part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencys Environmental Technology Verification Program. Twenty-three runoff events monitored for flow volume and water quality at the devices inlet and outlet were used to calculate the percentage of pollutant reduction for the device.


Abstract
In this research in progress paper, we consider how two major trends drive digitalization. First, software product management focuses on fast and iterative development where users are involved in the design phase of products through product managers. Second, there is a push toward applying AI in knowledge domains. We show how these trends intensify the need to focus on relations between IS development and use. Through an interpretative case study of digitalization, drawing on ethnographic methods, we investigate key relations and how they compound into constellations of relations. We discuss key constellations of relations, how the data flow between constellations of relations functions, and how we can zoom in and out to understand relations—allowing for a reposition of IS development for AI, both theoretically and practically.
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Guedel A.
Languages: English | Pages: 12 pp
Bibliographic info:
AIVC Contributed Report 2, 2005, 12 pp
When an obstruction is present in a ventilation ductwork, the noise level may be considerably higher than the level measured without the obstruction. This excess noise is due to the interaction of the flow with the element and it is called flow-generated noise in the element. Numerous examples may be found in the literature where this mechanism occurs, such as flow noise generated in duct elbows, dampers, grilles, louvers, duct discontinuities. It reduces the attenuation performance of dissipative silencers and is responsible of the well-known aeolian tones of wires and rods.
The bandwidth of the flow-generated noise spectrum is more or less important according to the type of component and flow characteristics and the maximum level is observed at a frequency f such as the Strouhal number St= fd/U (where d and U are typical obstruction dimension and mean flow velocity) is constant, the constant depending on the component geometry. Some of these phenomena may generate very narrow bands or even tones, especially when aeroacoustic or vibroacoustic resonances occur.
Numerous studies have been carried out for a better understanding and prediction of flow-generated noise in ventilation systems. Most of this research rests on empirical approach, which allows to make predictions whose limit of validity depends on the model and the considered application. More recent attempts have been made to predict flow-generated noise levels in obstructions such as orifice plates by an entirely numerical approach, but these attempts remain marginal in industrial applications. The objective of this paper is to make a non-exhaustive review of this research, considering that the obstructions are rigid, i.e. they do not radiate noise because of mechanical excitations by the airflow. Otherwise, a coupling between the flow and the vibrating element should be considered. Such a coupling is not very efficient in air, unlike in water, and may be avoided by stiffening the element.
Duct elements that are dealt with here are dampers, grids, orifice plates, elbows, takeoffs, duct discontinuities, more or less streamlined spoilers. To simplify the presentation the different references used for this review will be successively considered.


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LBNL Report Number
We review the relationship between energy efficiency improvement measures and productivity in industry. We review over 70 industrial case studies from widely available published databases, followed by an analysis of the representation of productivity benefits in energy modeling. We propose a method to include productivity benefits in the economic assessment of the potential for energy efficiency improvement. The case-study review suggests that energy efficiency investments can provide a significant boost to overall productivity within industry. If this relationship holds, the description of energy-efficient technologies as opportunities for larger productivity improvements has significant implications for conventional economic assessments. The paper explores the implications this change in perspective on the evaluation of energy-efficient technologies for a study of the iron and steel industry in the US. This examination shows that including productivity benefits explicitly in the modeling parameters would double the cost-effective potential for energy efficiency improvement, compared to an analysis excluding those benefits. We provide suggestions for future research in this important area.


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Reward System/Haley Buck's
How it works
 Each week, you are given 10 Haley Dollars to start with. During the week, you have many opportunities to gain more money or lose the money you have. Money is accumulated each week and is added to the following week's wallet. At the end of each week there will be an auction for a prize that you may bid on. Also, at the end of every month the classroom market will be open, where you can use your money to purchase a variety of items on sale.
The money is cumulative throughout the year and so, there is time and opportunity to improve your behaviour and work habits. The final reward is the end of the year trip. You will need to accumulate 1000 Haley Dollars to go on the trip with the class. If you do not have this amount and have not shown maturity, responsibility and the ability to follow expectations, it will affect your chances of going on the end of the year field trip. You have been made fully aware of this class system and the consequences that come with continual inappropriate behaviour and classroom disruptions. On a positive note, remember that simply showing RESPECT for others will put you on the right track to success!
Class System
Mh$ Haley Dollars Mh$
You will receive the following amount from Miss Haley if the following is demonstrated.
Homework is complete
Assignments are submitted on time
Completing free-time activities
Volunteering in the parish, school and community
Mh$50 for each
Participating in extracurricular activities
Mh$50 for each
Showing school spirit
Compliments from other teachers and support staff
Acts of kindness
You will owe Miss Haley the following amounts if certain criteria are not met.
Homework is incomplete
Assignments are not submitted on the due date
Behaviour Problems
i.e., - Putting down classmates
 - Using offensive language
 - Act of aggression
 - Passing notes
 - Interrupting someone
 - Speaking out (no hand up)
 - Being off task when told to work
 - Messy workspace
 - Forgetting to put on shoes
Varies per Offense


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void fun(void *x)
 //what is the data type of 'x', since I could have passed float instead of
 // int so first I have to check datatype of this and then proceed further.
int main()
 int n=10;
You can see that we dont know the type of 'x' in function fun() so how could we find out that without using(passing) any other information in function argument?
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You can't, I'm afraid. Not in pure C. You'll need to pass additional information. – Baldrick Oct 29 '13 at 14:14
C knows nothing more than that contained in the arguments type -- so in this case that it is a 'pointer to something'. There are some mechanisms in C++ to help but they aren't going to work when passing a simple 'int'. – Rob Oct 29 '13 at 14:16
While not about void pointers, printf is a similar case. You send type information, in the form of a format string, to the function, so it can know the type of data it receives. – Thomas Padron-McCarthy Oct 29 '13 at 14:52
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5 Answers
up vote 2 down vote accepted
C11 has type-generic expressions to help you solve this problem. You could do something like this example:
_TAG_ myFunction(X) _Generic((X), \
 int *: myFunctionInt, \
 float *: myFunctionFloat, \
 default: myFunctionInt \
void myFunctionInt(int *x);
void myFunctionFloat(float *x);
And then call it the way you are:
int n = 10;
float n = 10.0f;
You will need to implement the separate target functions, but you could just do the pointer magic there and pass off to a common handler, for example.
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TIL C11 has generics – constantius Oct 29 '13 at 15:21
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C does not have runtime type information. When you pass a pointer, then you pass a naked pointer - a memory address.
If you are using pointers to void but need to know the type, then you have to pass some additional information. Otherwise, you create different functions for different types, like foo that expects an int, dfoo that expects a double and so on.
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You cannot know the type when you cast to a void *. You have to be careful while using a void pointer, because you can cast it to any type. That is the purpose to have a void pointer.
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C does not allow to get the type of the variable passed by void*. The only thing, that you can do it is write kind of object oriented code by your self.
Probably something like this:
typedef struct generic_type_s
 void* data;
 void (*f)(void* data);
} generic_type_t;
void f_int(void* _data)
 int* data = (int*)_data;
 // Do something
int main()
 int data1 = 10;
 // Generic variable initialization
 generic_type_t gv;
 gv.data = &data1;
 gv.f = f_int;
 // Calling an appropriate function
 return 0;
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The C way of doing this is using a tagged union:
typedef enum {
 // will default to TypeUnitialized if unspecified in structure initializer
 TypeUninitialized = 0,
 TypeFloat = 1,
} type_t;
typedef struct {
 type_t type;
 union {
 int u_int;
 float u_float;
} gen_val_t;
void fun(gen_val_t v)
 switch (v.type) {
 case TypeFloat:
 // process float
 case TypeInt:
 // process int
 // error
int main(int argc, char **argv)
 gen_val_t ov = {.type = TypeFloat,
 .u_float = 3.45 };
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ultimately You are passing extra information. – Gaurav Jain Oct 29 '13 at 15:39
There's no way of getting this information at runtime except manual instrumentation like this. So it's in no way extra. – constantius Oct 29 '13 at 16:35
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Your Answer


text:
for the preparation of water-dispersible hybrid material containing graphene oxide and polyglycerol for the first time is demonstrated. Pristine graphite was firstly oxidized to obtain graphene oxide with hydroxyl functional groups. Then, the covalent grafting of polyglycerol onto the surface of graphene oxide was carried out based on in situ ring-opening polymerization of glycidol. For the construction of novel hybrid nanostructure, Fe-core/Au-shell nanoparticles were prepared and further functionalized using 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid through the well-developed Au-S chemistry. Subsequently, magnetic nanoparticles were anchored on the surface of polyglycerol-grafted graphene nanosheets via boroester bonds. The resulting hybrid materials were characterized using a range of analytical techniques. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was employed to investigate the initial changes in surface functionalities. While X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to confirm the structure of graphene oxide nanosheets, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and field emission scanning electronic microscopy (FE-SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometer were used to study the morphologies and distribution of magnetic nanoparticles onto the surface of polyglycerol-grafted graphene. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to study the weight loss of the samples on heating. Superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer (SQUID) was employed to the magnetic property of magnetic nanoparticles. The digital images provided a vivid observation on the high dispersion stability of the prepared novel hybrid materials in distilled water. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
Rapid microwave-assisted synthesis of graphene nanosheets-zinc sulfide nanocomposites: Optical and photocatalytic properties
Volume 161, Issues 5-6, March 2011, Pages 404-410
Hu, H. | Wang, X. | Liu, F. | Wang, J. | Xu, C.
A facile and efficient strategy for preparing graphene nanosheets-zinc sulfide (GNS-ZnS) nanocomposites assisted by microwave irradiation for the first time is demonstrated. This process involved the reaction of graphene oxide nanosheets as a dispersant and two-dimensional growth template for ZnS nanoballs, zinc acetate as a zinc source, and thioacetamide (TAA) as a sulfide source as well as a reducing agent, resulting in the in situ formation of ZnS nanoballs with an average diameter of 41.9 nm supported on graphene oxide nanosheets and simultaneous reduction of graphene oxide nanosheets to graphene nanosheets. It has been found that the ZnS nanoballs are composed of many small self-assembled ZnS crystals (subunits) with an average size of 3 nm. Photoluminescence measurements show that there is photoinduced electron transfer between ZnS and GNS. Furthermore, the as-prepared graphene-based nanocomposites show an excellent photocatalytic activity toward the photodegradation of methylene blue. The detailed formation and photocatalytic mechanism are also provided here. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Bio-based conductive composites: Preparation and properties of polypyrrole (PPy)-coated silk fabrics
Volume 159, Issues 3-4, February 2009, Pages 246-253
Cucchi, I. | Boschi, A. | Arosio, C. | Bertini, F. | Freddi, G. | Catellani, M.
Silk fabrics were coated with electrically conducting doped polypyrrole (PPy) by in situ oxidative polymerisation from an aqueous solution of pyrrole (Py) at room temperature, by using FeCl3 as catalyst. The amount of polymer deposited on the fabrics increased with increasing the reaction time or the concentration of Py in the reaction system. PPy-coated silk fabrics were characterized by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric (TG)). OM and SEM showed that PPy completely coated the surface of individual silk fibres and that the polymerisation process occurred only at the fibre surface and not in the bulk. FT-IR (attenuated total reflectance (ATR) mode) showed a mixed spectral pattern with bands typical of silk and PPy overlapping over the entire wavenumbers range. The intrinsic crystalline structure and the molecular conformation of silk were not affected by the polymerisation. PPy-coated silk fabrics attained a significantly higher thermal stability than untreated ones, owing to the protective effect of the PPy layer against thermal degradation. PPy-coated silk fabrics displayed excellent electrical properties. Current versus voltage curves showed a linear fit, with higher current increments at higher PPy amount. The resistance of PPy-coated silk fabrics decreased exponentially with increasing the reaction time or the concentration of Py in the reaction system. Due to the Joule effect, the temperature of PPy-coated silk fabrics increased as a function of the electrical potential applied and of the amount of PPy. The encouraging results reported in this study open new perspectives for future application of PPy-coated silk fabrics, from interactive and smart textiles to innovative bio-based conductive composites for biomedical end-uses. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Synthesis, characterization and photovoltaic properties of two novel near-infrared absorbing perylene dyes containing benzo[e]indole for dye-sensitized solar cells
Volume 158, Issues 1-2, January 2008, Pages 64-71
Jin, Y. | Hua, J. | Wu, W. | Ma, X. | Meng, F.
Two novel near-infrared absorbing perylene imide derivatives (I and II) with benzo[e]indole were designed and synthesized as sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), and their structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, UV-vis, MS-ESI spectra, etc. The absorption spectra, electrochemical and photovoltatic properties of I and II were extensively investigated. Two perylene dyes have wide absorption bands with high molar extinction coefficients over the entire visible spectrum. Electrochemical properties indicated that the electron injection process from the excited dye molecule to TiO2 conduction band was energetically permitted. However, the preliminary photophysical and photoelectrochemical measurements show that the two perylene dyes have lower overall conversion efficiency on DSSCs application, although they have broad and intense absorption spectra in the visible region (up to 800 nm). This may be that the perylene imide group, which contains strong electron-withdrawing nature has effect on the polarity of the whole molecule, resulting in the unbeneficial transferring direction of photo-generated electrons, which decreases the overall photocurrent performance. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Volume 159, Issues 21-22, November 2009, Pages 2237-2239
Dimitriev, O.P. | Grinko, D.A. | Noskov, Yu.V. | Ogurtsov, N.A. | Pud, A.A.
We report results on conductivity of PEDOT:PSS films, which contain different amounts of organic solvents, i.e., dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) or ethylene glycol (EG), and annealed at different temperatures. The maximum of conductivity of the resulting films was reached at about 5wt.% of DMSO or EG in the solution. At the same time, the presence of the solvent residue in the film also resulted in the poor control of the film morphology and conductivity. It was found that conductivity of a film prepared with the same DMSO content is sensitive to the surface quality of the substrate used. It was also found that annealing substantially reduces conductivity of the films prepared with and without the additives. The higher the temperature of annealing, the smaller film conductivity was observed. Correlation in changes of the electronic absorption of the PEDOT:PSS film in the near-IR and the film conductivity induced by the solvent additive was also found. Exposure of PEDOT:PSS films to the solvent vapors has been employed as an alternative controlled method to increase film conductivity. This method, in combination with quartz microbalance measurements, showed a great capability of the film to absorb DMSO vapors and that a saturation limit for conductivity is reachable after more than 20 h of exposure. Swelling and interconnection of the polymer chains is suggested to be the main factor responsible for the conductivity increase. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Surfactant-assisted polypyrrole/titanate composite nanofibers: Morphology, structure and electrical properties
Volume 158, Issues 21-24, December 2008, Pages 953-957
Cheng, Q. | He, Y. | Pavlinek, V. | Li, C. | Saha, P.
In this work, we demonstrate a simple route to


text:
HapYak allows you to add text blurbs and doodles on top of a YouTube or Vimeo video.
As a writing task for students, I created a Play List of YouTube videos that do not include any spoken dialogue. One of my favorite places to search for videos for writing tasks is the Vancouver Film School.
The writing task was to provide narrated blurbs for the videos. Since present progressive is one of the current themes, some of the sentences needed to be written in present progressive. I created an example of what I expect from the students. Even though the videos are short (they have a minute and a half to three minutes) – I am still going to have them work in a small group to achieve higher quality finished products.
The pre-writing task will be watching the video and writing down potentially important words they need to define. One of the videos is about an opposum – and that is not a word I actually expect my students to know in Spanish. Verbs have to be defined in the infinitive. After the pre-writing phase, students will collaborate on a GoogleDoc to narrate the story. The story should be a mix of present and present progressive. They should include time stamps in with the sentences they write, which will make the next portion easier.
On HapYak you click add video and you only have to copy the video URL. The finished sentences will be copy and pasted from the GoogleDoc to the appropriate time in the video. Once they are finished, they should submit the HapYak video URL on Edmodo so everyone in the class can view the finished product.


Excel: Help! Formula needed
Copper Contributor
Hi there,

I'm a biological research masters student and I have a large data set. I'm working with seals so it is difficult to identify individuals. I'm trying to create a spreadsheet ready for data collection and have come across two problems.

I have the following spreadsheet:Screenshot 2023-04-25 at 1.03.55 pm.png
Problem A:
The ID (identity) relates to which individual it is. At present they are named A-F. This is so that when they are identified, the ID that the individual is can be added in, as it may be the case that later in the videos the individual is identified. Is there a way for excel to change all related cells to the new number? For example, when the first "a" changes to "105", I want it to change all the "A's" in the rest of the data set to "105" for that date? There will be multiple different days and times featured on the data collection sheet. So if a formula is created that works for this, will it then change it for the rest even over different dates?

Problem B:
So far I haven't seen a solution for this yet. Is there a way for Excel to recognise the time patterns? I have tried the control+E method and Excel doesn't recognise the pattern, so I'm having to manually type each time in (which is every 30s over considerable hours). I have days of footage to do this with but limited time so wondering if there was a faster method of doing this? If not, well, long days it is!

Any help regarding this would be really appreciated!
16 Replies
@SMcGivern
I'm working with seals so it is difficult to identify individuals. I'm trying to create a spreadsheet ready for data collection and have come across two problems.

So at least there are no concerns with violating their privacy here. 🙂 It might be helpful, since that worry doesn't apply, if you could post the actual spreadsheet rather than just an image. Use OneDrive or GoogleDrive and paste a link here that grants access.

That said, let's look at each of your questions:
Problem A: The ID (identity) relates to which individual it is. At present they are named A-F. This is so that when they are identified, the ID that the individual is can be added in, as it may be the case that later in the videos the individual is identified. Is there a way for excel to change all related cells to the new number? For example, when the first "a" changes to "105", I want it to change all the "A's" in the rest of the data set to "105" for that date? There will be multiple different days and times featured on the data collection sheet. So if a formula is created that works for this, will it then change it for the rest even over different dates?

Answer A: yes. That should be fairly easy.
 - To be on the safe side, I'd suggest adding a "helper column" to the right of the current ID column, header (perhaps) "Name" or some other heading that indicates "we've actually identified this individual."
 - "safer" in that doing it this way doesn't destroy the original ID, just in case there's "re-identification" later in the process. I believe in keeping history, in that sense.
 - Then create a table on a separate sheet in the same workbook where you can define the relationship between the temporary letters (your current ID) and the more verified "Name." (I've attached a sample workbook illustrating this, but as noted, if you could post your real one, then we can be fully on the same page.)
 - Then in the helper column, use a formula like this (see attached spreadsheet for how it works). This uses the LET function, so you'd need a new version of Excel or a subscription to Microsoft 365. I'm on a Mac myself, so that per se is not an issue.

=LET(known,INDEX(Table2[Name],MATCH([@ID],Table2[ID],0)),IF(known=0,"",known))

Problem B: So far I haven't seen a solution for this yet. Is there a way for Excel to recognise the time patterns? I have tried the control+E method and Excel doesn't recognise the pattern

Answer for the moment: What do you mean by time pattern in this case. What kind of pattern? What is the nature of the pattern you're wanting to recognize? Frequency? Intervals? ??? Duration? etc.

Finally: what version of Excel do you have? And, while we're at it, what Mac OS?
@mathetes Thank you for responding to me.

So for problem A:

With my individuals, there are seals moving in and out over time which is another complexity to my data - I have individuals being added and then removed during the data collection (N=40). But I see what you are saying. I have an idea as to what I'll do to solve that problem using your method. So thank you for that!!

Problem B:

So by time pattern I mean purely the pattern within my data so for example:

PoolDateTimeID
116/02/202303:57:05A
116/02/202303:57:05B
116/02/202303:57:05C
116/02/202303:57:05D
116/02/202303:57:05E
116/02/202303:57:35A
116/02/202303:57:35B
116/02/202303:57:35C
116/02/202303:57:35D
116/02/202303:57:35E
116/02/202303:58:05A
116/02/202303:58:05B
116/02/202303:58:05C
116/02/202303:58:05D
116/02/202303:58:05E
116/02/202303:58:35A
116/02/202303:58:35B
116/02/202303:58:35C
116/02/202303:58:35D
116/02/202303:58:35E
116/02/202303:59:05A
116/02/202303:59:05B
116/02/202303:59:05C
116/02/202303:59:05D
116/02/202303:59:05E

I'm using video time-lapsed data which is taking a snapshot every 30s from midnight to midnight (throughout the day). So as you can see in the section of table above, when there is 5 individuals (for example), there will be 5 copies of the same time which then going into the next "bunch" of cells will be 30s later and so forth. If I select all of the above in time to go down, it only repeats what is above it, which doesn't quite work as I have differing start and stop times (caused by issues with cameras).
I don't think this a "pattern" that excel will recognise or duplicate. Hence why I'm doing it manually.

I've attached the link (hopefully) so you should be able to see the document. There is no data inputted into it as of yet. If it doesn't work, let me know.
Data sheet for Cameras.xlsx

I also have the latest Microsoft Excel and I'm on a Ventura 13.1
@SMcGivern

by time pattern I mean purely the pattern within my data

Of course it's a pattern within the data.

So as you can see in the section of table above, when there is 5 individuals (for example), there will be 5 copies of the same time which then going into the next "bunch" of cells will be 30s later and so forth. If I select all of the above in time to go down, it only repeats what is above it, which doesn't quite work as I have differing start and stop times (caused by issues with cameras).
I don't think this a "pattern" that excel will recognise or duplicate. Hence why I'm doing it manually.

I apologize if I'm being dense, but although I get that there are five instances of the same time, and then another bunch, "and so forth," it's still not quite clear how you're defining what a pattern IS. (And maybe more to the point, what it ISN'T, which is a contrast question that sometimes makes definitions clearer). Where (when?) does a pattern begin and end? What makes it a "pattern" in your definition? Why would some combinations NOT be a pattern?

If we can get a clear definition (clarity being achieved by defining boundaries) of what constitutes a pattern, it is entirely possible that we could create a formula/function that will recognize same.

I was able to open your file on OneDrive. Thank you.
FWIW, my Ventura is 13.3.1 ... a slight update. I'm glad you have the new Excel versions, since that gives us access to some neat new features which might


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Manticore
Manticore
Species information
Sentience
Sentient
Native range
Ministry of Magic Classification
XXXXX
Status
Beast
The Manticore is one of the wizarding world's most dangerous creatures.
Description
A Manticore has a human-like head, a lion's body, and a scorpion's tail with a stinger. A Manticore's skin repels all known charms, so is effectively hard to subdue a Manticore with magic. It is known to be capable of human speech, and is considered a sentient beast.
History
The Manticore originated in Greece, and is as rare as the Chimaera. The sting of the Manticore causes instant death, and it is reputed to croon softly to its victims as it devours them.
Rubeus Hagrid somehow managed to acquire Manticores, and got them to breed with fire crabs, creating the hybrid Blast-Ended Skrewts.
However, Manticores were not offered the status of Being because of their violent and extremely dangerous tendencies.
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Manticore2
Manticore
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