IHC Titan Type D 45 (1910s)
IHC Titan 45 Lowe Brothers
The Manitoba Agricultural Museum collection features an IHC Titan Type D 45 that was donated to the Museum by the Lowe Brothers of Foxwarren, Manitoba.
The Type D 45 had its origin in the IHC Reliance Type D of 1910. IHC's Milwaukee plant began producing the 20 Horsepower Reliance Type D using IHC "Famous" engine design which was also used in IHC's Type B 20 horsepower tractor. The Type D 25 horsepower tractor soon followed and then the Reliance Type D 45 horsepower appeared. The Reliance Type D 45 featured a 2 cylinder engine that was the first engine specifically designed for use in a tractor by IHC. A distinctive rectangular tank type radiator was developed for the Reliance Type D 45. In 1911, the Reliance models were renamed Titan.
The Type D 45 featured a 2 cylinder horizontal engine running at 335 RPM with force feed oiling, make and break ignition, hit and miss governor and a tank type radiator with a pump. The transmission offered one speed ahead and one speed in reverse. A spur gear drove onto the live rear axle through a bull gear with a differential in the right rear wheel. The Type D 45 developed 45 horsepower on the belt and 27 horsepower at the drawbar. It was rated as being able to pull a 10 bottom plow.
The Type D 45 was replaced in 1914 by the Titan 30-60. Between 1911 and 1914, 1319 Type D 45s were built.
The Titan tractors with multiple cylinders, in general, featured engine cylinders that laid side by side where as the Mogul designs featured opposed cylinder engine designs.
A long time resident of the Elton district recounts that the Vance family of the area possessed what he thinks was a Titan 45. However by the time he was old enough to remember this tractor, it was well into the 1930s and the tractor was badly worn. By that time, it was started by the expedient of wrapping a long rope around the belt pulley a number of times and then attaching the free end of the rope to a single tree with a horse harnessed to the single tree. The horse was then started forward at a trot. The engine then began revolving, hopefully firing up. On one occasion, the operator forgot to retard the ignition to start the tractor, the tractor then fired at the top of the piston stroke and ran backwards. The tractor was still powerful enough that it exerted enough pull to snatch the horse backwards, taking the animal off of its feet. Needless to say this particular horse was never able to be used around the tractor after that experience! Even as part of team on a sheaf wagon at threshing.
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Contents
Graffiti (PalmOS)
Graffiti is the handwriting recognition software used in PDAs based on the Palm OS. Graffiti also runs on the Pocket PC, where it's called "Block Recognizer".
The software is based primarily on upper-case characters that can be drawn blindly with a stylus on a touch-sensitive panel. Since the user typically cannot see the character as it is being drawn, complexities have been removed from four of the most difficult letters. 'A', 'F', 'K' and 'T' all are drawn without any need to match up a cross-stroke.
For a chart of the Graffiti characters, see [1] (_URL_
For other definitions, see graffiti.


text:
Turbocharging is the single most popular method for adding brute power to an engine, but this video shows the manufacturing of a turbocharger is anything but brutal. Instead, the process combines precision machining with ancient methods of metal shaping.
The manufacturing process inside the Turbonetics factory starts with molten aluminum being poured to form the sandcast housings and progresses through exacting CNC processes and unhurried assembly. The human touch is the most notable part of the process: The making of these devices, which spin at 100,000 RPM and help hurl two-ton machines past 200mph, depends largely on the skilled hands of the company's technicians.
(Hat tip to EngineerDIVO at Reddit!)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Utopias: A Brief History from Ancient Writings to Virtual Communities
May 2012, Wiley-Blackwell
This price is valid for United States. Change location to view local pricing and availability.
This brief history connects the past and present of utopian thought, from the first utopias in ancient Greece, right up to present day visions of cyberspace communities and paradise.
- Explores the purpose of utopias, what they reveal about the societies who conceive them, and how utopias have changed over the centuries
- Unique in including both non-Western and Western visions of utopia
- Explores the many forms utopias have taken – prophecies and oratory, writings, political movements, world's fairs, physical communities – and also discusses high-tech and cyberspace visions for the first time
- The first book to analyze the implicitly utopian dimensions of reform crusades like Technocracy of the 1930s and Modernization Theory of the 1950s, and the laptop classroom initiatives of recent years


text: A graduate of Simon Fraser University with a French Major, Ravi Lochan has pursued a career in language education focussing on how it can influence and even create a person's perception of the world around them throughout history, using channels such as rhetoric, poetry, music, literature and media. His lessons emphasize the importance of thinking beyond the classroom and believes the best way to learn is through experience, such as travelling. His teaching experience includes, tutoring French, English and math in Canada as well as two years teaching English and humanities in the French countryside. He also travelled across Spain, volunteered in Guatemala and visited Monaco, Cuba, the Dominican Republic and Mexico. When he's not travelling or talking about astrophysics or worldly and historical events you can find him hiking in the mountains, bouldering or reading and enjoying a cup of coffee.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
보건소 건강관리회원의 진단적 연구 - PRECEDE 모형을 중심으로 -
A Diagnostic Study on the Registered Beneficiaries of Health Centers - From the Perspective of the Precede Model -
- 윤순녕, 박정호, 박성애, 박현애, 김춘미
- 지역사회간호학회지 KCI SCOPUS
- 지역사회간호학회 in 2002
- Cited Count
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic assessment on the level of health status, and quality of life of the health care beneficiaries registered in health management programs of public health centers. In order to investigate the level of health status and the quality of life and to find factors affecting them, the PRECEDE model, that was developed by Green, et al. for the purpose of a comprehensive diagnostic research, was used. Method: The subjects were 81 residents who resided K-gu, Seoul. Data were collected from September, 1999 to August, 2000 using a self reported questionnaire. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, Kruskall-Wallis test, Pearson's correlation coefficient. and path analysis. Results: 1. The quality of life and the level of health promoting lifestyle were moderate or more, but were not significantly different by sex, age, marital status, educational level. occupation, and monthly household income. 2. Self-efficacy was significantly correlated to be a perceived benefit, social support and health-promoting lifestyle. Perceived benefit had a significant correlation with social support and health promoting lifestyle. There was also a significant correlation between the level of satisfaction, and the availability of the health promotion program. 3. Social support, health promoting lifestyle, and health status were found to influence the quality of life directly, whereas self efficacy and perceived benefit affected the quality of life indirectly through social support. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the health promotion program should include strategies to strengthen self efficacy and perceived benefit to enhance social support, and to encourage health promoting behaviors in order to improve the quality of life of the health care beneficiary.
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source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


I am an Affilate!
Do you need a litter box for an outdoor cat?
If you have an outdoor cat, you may question if it is even worth your time having a litter box. If you are wondering, I am going to explain why you need this as well as a good litter mat (Click here to see my 3 best cat litter mats to deal with urine spillages).
Do you need a litter box for an outdoor cat? Yes, it is a good idea to have a little box for an outdoor cat. Because there are occasions when they will need to use it indoors. On some occasions when going outside is not possible or practical. Therefore you need to have a litter tray.
Now you know that you should, let me explain what can restrict your cat going outside, why they should have a back-up litter tray at all times and more.
What could restrict your cat going outside?
Weather Conditions
If they have severe weather conditions sometimes it is necessary for your cat to stay inside. For example, it could be snowing outside. Or it could be extreme rain, to name a couple. If this is the case you need to have a litter tray so there is a backup plan.
Health Related Issues
Also if there is a health condition, your cat will struggle to get out. In these situations, you will need to have a litter tray.
How common are Outdoor Cats?
In general outdoor cats are very common in Europe. But less common in the US where people are encouraged to keep their cats indoors.
In Europe, the trend for outdoor cats is driven by lifestyle and work commitments. People that have full-time day jobs rely on their cats being out for most of the day.
After work, after they have spent all day roaming around outside. The owner will return and spend some quality time with them, including feeding and petting them. This is often backed up with a quality cat flap (Click here to see which cat flap is best, Cat Mate vs SureFlap?).
Why Should You Consider Having a Back-up litter tray?
do you need a litter box for an outdoor cat
do you need a litter box for an outdoor cat
In this section, I'm going to explain a number of different reasons why you should at least have a back-up litter tray indoors. To articulate this I will highlight some risks of not having this. Let me explain…
Weather conditions
As briefly discussed earlier, if there is extreme weather conditions this can impact your cat going outside, meaning your house may become the toilet if you get me.
Without going over the same ground I would just like to add that forcing your cat outside during some of these extreme weather conditions can cause them danger and is not advised, therefore a back-up litter tray indoors is ideal.
Problems with stray cats or other animals
There are may be occasions where you may find that your cat has issues with other stray cats. Or other pets such as your neighbour's dog, for example.
In these situations, your cat may become stressed and anxious about going outside due to the fear of being attacked. You may notice during this time she may not want to leave the house.
In some cases, you may even notice that she will literally start leaving faeces in and around your house. So for these situations is it it is advisable to have a backup litter box in place. It is also a good idea to have microchipped cat door to lock out unwanted cats (Click here to see why I think these ones are best).
Health-related issues
As your cat gets older you may notice that they start to develop health-related issues (Click here to see why an Older Cat starts peeing everywhere). This can lead to difficulties in getting outside.
For example, they may start having joint related problems, or even kidney related problems, just to name a couple. During these times, it not always possible for your cat to go outside. In these situations having a backup little box inside is ideal if not mandatory.
Mess outside of your house
One of the issues that can happen with an outdoor cat not using a litter tray indoors is the mess that they can leave behind outside.
In general, the perception is cats are very clean animals. However, I can tell you from personal experience sometimes you may find your cat is actually doing its mess in random places. Such as your next door neighbour's garden.
This can cause a lot of headache and problems for you. And in some cases cause conflict with your neighbour's.
To avoid these situations you may want to consider having an indoor cat litter that is easy to clean, like a sifting litter box (Click here to see why I respect this one).
Unable to identify potential health issues
One of the dangers of allowing your cat to roam free outdoors and not use a litter tray is the fact that you do not get sight of potential health problems. Let me explain…
There are chances that your cat may develop health issues. They may not be major, to begin with. It could be something like diarrhoea or constipation. The problem is it could lead to something more severe if not discovered early.
An indoor litter tray allows you to inspect her faeces to understand if there may be a problem.
For example, if her stool is very runny, she could have diarrhoea. Once you notice this, you can to provide a remedy to help your cat.
Conversely, if the stool is really hard. Then this might be an indication that they could be constipated. This can be your opportunity to act early.
How can you train an outdoor cat to use a litter tray?
By now you may be thinking to yourself, you get it, you understand why it is a good idea to have a backup litter tray. But, you are thinking to yourself: "how can you transition your cat to start using a litter tray"?
Let me give you some suggestions and pointers that can help you to train your cat to use an indoor litter tray…
Making it more appealing for them
Firstly you need to give them a couple of options. Rather than just plunking down one litter box in a random location, give them options.
If you can provide two litter boxes in convenient locations, this will work much better. For example, one litter tray leading to an outside door. This is great because they will usually walk through this area whenever they leave the house.
A second litter box could be placed in a nice private area that your cat may prefer using. Be mindful, you will need to test these locations. Just to see how your cat responds to it.
Avoiding closed litter boxes
Even though closed litter boxes sound good on paper. Although they make perfect logical sense to us as humans, your cat may not agree.
Your cat may feel a bit claustrophobic inside these closed litter trays. Also gets rid of that element of freedom that they like, especially for an outdoor cat.
In my opinion, this is one to avoid if you want to safely train your outdoor cat to use a litter tray.
Avoid automatic scoopers
You can get hold of some really cool auto scoop litter trays. Again, on paper again they sound like a good idea. Because it helps you maintain the cleanliness.
However, for a cat, these little electric sounds can cause them stress and anxiety. Therefore, for that reason, I would suggest avoiding this, you can get some great manual scoopers anyway (Click here to see why I rated this one). Especially in the early stages while you are trying to train your outdoor cat to use a litter tray. Keep it basic, to begin with.
The bigger the better
When you are trying to transition your outdoor cat to use a litter tray. It is better to use a bigger one. Obviously, this depends on the size of your house or flat. But if you can fit a bigger one in, especially with a taller side, this would be best for your cat.
What type of litter should you provide for your cat?
There are many different types of cat litter substrate that you can use such as paper and silica.
If you are lucky and your cat is willing to use a biodegradable substrate than this is ideal because you can continue to maintain this and re-use it for a number of years. If you are lucky to have a self-cleaning litter box (Click here to see why I rated this one), you can choose the best litter that is compliant with it.
Lindsey Browlingdon
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text:
How Much Philosophy Does Measurement of Well-Being Really Need?
Anna Alexandrova (Cambridge University)
CHESS Seminar in Science and Values
May 27, 5-6:30PM
Seminar Room, IAS, Palace Green.
Abstract: If all theories of measurement agree on a single requirement it is that a measure of a phenomenon should be informed by our best theory of this phenomenon. But what is the relevant theory when the phenomenon in question is well-being, or indeed any other picked out by a thick concept? On the current practice in the social and medical sciences, measures of well-being are validated by checking the psychometric properties of questionnaires. Though ostensibly this process validates these questionnaires against a full range of background knowledge about well-being, it is in an important way theory avoidant. This is because psychometrics can ignore or even override any normative considerations we might hold about well-being and the related concepts such as happiness and quality of life. To anyone who takes well-being to be a thick concept this status quo looks wrong. Yet bringing in constraints on measures of well-being from philosophy raises worries: who are philosophers to tell people what their well-being is, and to tell scientists how to measure it? In this talk I first present an interpretation of the current validation procedures and, second, reflect on how to strike the right balance between, on the one hand, acting like a philosopher-queen and, on the other, treating the scientific process uncritically.


text:
CFP:"Invisible" Labor and the Business of Print in C19
This proposed panel investigates conceptions of labor and business in commercial publishing, focusing on the (in)visibility of the working people, practices, and spaces that supported literary production in the long nineteenth century. How was the nature and value of such labor imagined? To what extent does that imagination emerge in the archives, and to what extent has it remained invisible to scholars or across disciplinary boundaries? In seeking to illuminate unseen or unappreciated types of work in the business of print as the publishing industry rapidly expanded, we aim to trace new contexts concerning the very foundations of C19 literature and culture, highlight dissenting figures and modes of production, and reexamine relationships among labor, value, and art in the period.
We welcome submissions from scholars in all fields, including literature, book history, and material culture studies. Papers might explore representations of literary labor, the cultural work of print/publishing workers, the (in)visibility of raced, gendered, and/or classed labors, intellectual and creative labor, business and marketing practices, copyright, etc.
Please submit a 300-word abstract and short bio to Blevin Shelnutt (_EMAIL_) and Kristen Highland (_EMAIL_) by Monday, August 19.


Python
# Integer input using raw_input
Taking Integer input using raw_input() in Python.
Python language has a lot of cool inbuilt features which makescoding in python time effcient and also the code is almost reducedto half of the length it would have been in C++/C (though I dont have anything against them 😛 ).
This article is about taking integer input in Python which would cover 3 things:
 1. Taking single integer input
 2. Taking multiple integer inputs in one line
 3. Taking integer array as input in one line
Let us start by taking a single integer input,
input = int(raw_input())
For example,we entered 6 from the keyboard,
raw_input() takes input from the keyboard in string format i.e "6" and int(raw_input()) then typecasts the input from string to an integer i.e. 6
Moving on to taking delimiter(',',' ') separated multiple inputs in a single line,
input1,input2 = map(int,raw_input.split())
For example, we entered 6 5 from the keyboard:
 1. raw_input() takes input from the keyboard in string format i.e "6 5"
 2. raw_input().split() splits the string by space " " and change it into "6" "5"
 3. map(int,raw_input().split()) typecasts all the inputs to integers i.e 6 5 and store in input1 and input2
Lastly,taking delimiter (',',' ') separated array as input in single line.
It is same as multiple inputs with the difference that on the left of "=" is our array.
inputArray = map(int,raw_input.split())
This automatically takes input ,splits it,typecasts in integer ands stores as an array It means that using this single line,you can eliminate the use of any loop for taking an array input.
You can also enter "," (comma) separated input and just provide the input in split as
inputArray = map(int,raw_input.split(','))
which is by default " "(space character)
Hope this helps 😃
By Gaurav Israni
@gaurav.israni
Learn More
 - Integer input using raw_input


text:
EMI / RFI Conduit Fittings
The increasing use in the 1930.s of radio communication equipment in vehicles and aircraft led to the development of Conduit Fittings as
the first EMI/RFI protective devices. The piston engines used at that time were notorious generators of electrical interference.
The resemblance between these parts and those found in a plumber.s
kit is more than coincidental.
Many of the configurations that found their way into the military system were based on the commercially available plumbing components
first used to shield cabling from electrical interference.
Conduit Fittings were replaced as more sophisticated connectors and shielding methods evolved over the years,
and now are used mainly for feed-thru applications.


text:
The following terms are used with respect to the OpenNMS HORIZON provisioning system and are essential for understanding the material presented in this guide.
Entities are managed objects in OpenNMS HORIZON such as Nodes, IP interfaces, SNMP Interfaces, and Services.
The Importer service from 1.6 introduced the idea of foreign sources and foreign IDs. The Foreign Source uniquely identifies a provisioning source and is still a basic attribute of importing node entities into OpenNMS HORIZON. The concept is to provide an external (foreign) system with a way to uniquely identify itself and any node entities that it is requesting (via a requisition) to be provisioned into OpenNMS HORIZON.
The Foreign ID is the unique node ID maintained in foreign system and the foreign source uniquely identifies the external system in OpenNMS HORIZON.
OpenNMS HORIZON uses the combination of the foreign source and foreign ID become the unique foreign key when synchronizing the set of nodes from each source with the nodes in the OpenNMS HORIZON DB. This way the foreign system doesn't have to keep track of the OpenNMS HORIZON node IDs that are assigned when a node is first created. This is how Provisiond can decided if a node entity from an import requisition is new, has been changed, or needs to be deleted.
Additionally, the foreign source has been extended to also contain specifications for how entities should be discovered and managed on the nodes from each foreign source. The name of the foreign source has become pervasive within the provisioning system and is used to simply some of the complexities by weaving this name into:
the name of the provisioning group in the Web-UI
the name of the file containing the persisted requisition (as well as the pending requisition if it is in this state)
the foreign-source attribute value inside the requisition (obviously, but, this is pointed out to indicate that the file name doesn't necessarily have to equal the value of this attribute but is highly recommended as an OpenNMS HORIZON best practice)
the building attribute of the node defined in the requisition (this value is called "site" in the Web-UI and is assigned to the building column of the node's asset record by Provisiond and is the default value used in the Site Status View feature)
Import requisition is the terminology OpenNMS HORIZON uses to represent the set of nodes, specified in XML, to be provisioned from a foreign source into OpenNMS HORIZON. The requisition schema (XSD) can be found at the following location. _URL_
Auto discovery is the term used by OpenNMS HORIZON to characterize the automatic provisioning of nodes entities. Currently, OpenNMS HORIZON uses an ICMP ping sweep to find IP address on the network. For the IPs that respond and that are not currently in the DB, OpenNMS HORIZON generates a new suspect event. When this event is received by Provisiond, it creates a node and it begins a node scan based on the default foreign source definition.
Provisiond takes over for the Model Importer found in version 1.6 which implemented a unique, first of its kind, controlled mechanism for specifying managed entities directly into OpenNMS HORIZON from one or more data sources. These data sources often were in the form of an in-housed developed inventory or stand-alone provisioning system or even a set of element management systems. Using this mechanism, OpenNMS HORIZON is directed to add, update, or delete a node entity exactly as defined by the external source. No discovery process is used for finding more interfaces or services.
Directed discovery is enhanced with the capability to scan nodes that have been directed nodes for entities (interfaces.
The phrase, Policy based Directed Discovery, is a term that represents the latest step in OpenNMS HORIZON provisioning evolution and best describes the new provisioning architecture now in OpenNMS HORIZON for maintaining its inventory of managed entities. This term describes the control that is given over the Provisioning system to OpenNMS HORIZON users for managing the behavior of the NMS with respect to the new entities that are being discovered. Current behaviors include persistence, data collection, service monitoring, and categorization policies.


E at this level.
 - Coin Flip
The creative aspect of Ethernaut challenges with tasks like the coin flip level make it more interesting. Coin Flip is a simple coin-flipping game where players have to create a winning streak through correct guesses of coin-flip outcomes. You can complete the level by using psychic abilities to guess the correct outcome consecutively 10 times.
 - Token
Another interesting level in the Ethernaut game is known as a token. The primary objective of the level focuses on hacking the basic token contract. You can receive 20 tokens for beginning the level. Players can complete the level by obtaining additional tokens. The important requirement for completing the token level in Ethernaut is your knowledge of the working of an odometer.
 - Delegation
The Delegation level in Ethernaut OpenZeppelin tasks also tasks players with claiming ownership of the given instance. Some of the important things that could help you in this stage include fallback methods, method ids, and awareness about 'delegatecall' low-level function. You should learn how to use the 'delegatecall' low-level function for delegating operations to on-chain libraries. In addition, you must identify how the low-level function could influence the execution scope.
 - Force
The hacking tasks in Ethernaut become more interesting in the Force level of the web3 game. At this level, players have to increase the balance of the contract beyond zero. You can utilize fallback methods as well as the ideal practices for attacking a contract by using another contract.
Some of the other levels in the game include Vault, King, Re-Entrancy, Elevator, Privacy, Gatekeeper, Naught Coin, and many others. You can find distinct objectives for each level and practice your Ethereum and smart contract skills to perfection.
Familiarize yourself with the popular blockchain network through Ethereum SKill Path
What is Ethernaut DAO?
Another crucial highlight in discussions about Ethernaut refers to the Ethernaut DAO and its applications. The Ethernaut Decentralized Autonomous Organization has been tailored as an effective solution for helping developers transition to web3. It aims at addressing the problems due to scarcity of skilled and experienced Solidity developers.
The DAO serves as a meeting place for mentors and trainees. Mentors present their mentorship proposals and interview prospects alongside choosing the qualified trainees. The mentoring process helps in creating new Ethereum engineers who could also turn into mentors for new trainees one day. On top of it, the Ethernaut Decentralized Autonomous Organization offers open accessibility for any contributor.
Aspiring to become a web3 developer? Checkout detailed guide on How To Become A Web3 Developer now!
Conclusion
The introduction to Ethernaut explained the necessity of gamification for bringing more developers to web3. With all the hype around web3 development, it is inevitable to notice the scarcity of senior developers and engineers. Where will people go to learn the vast base of knowledge required for web3 development?
Ethernaut provides an interesting way to familiarize with web3 development through practical interactions with smart contracts. The Ethernaut challenges feature smart contracts and objectives for claiming ownership or draining Ether from the smart contracts. As a result, you can learn how to work with smart contracts as you play and complete challenges.
You can come across multiple levels in the Ethernaut game, and it also offers support for completing each level successfully. Furthermore, you should also take note of Ethernaut DAO, an important instrument for expanding the popularity of Ethernaut. Apart from popularizing Ethernaut, the DAO could also welcome many web2 developers into the domain of web3. Explore the details of different levels of Ethernaut and find your first point of entry in the world of web3 right now.
Unlock your career with 101 Blockchains' Learning Programs


Category:Polar Bear Expedition
The Polar Bear Expedition (also known as the Northern Russian Expedition, the American North Russia Expeditionary Force - ANREF or the American Expeditionary Force North Russia - AEFNR) was a contingent of about 5,000 U.S. troops that landed in Arkhangelsk, Russia as part of the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War and fought the Red Army in the surrounding region during the period of September 1918 through July 1919.


Logo Design Revisited. Old logo amended | WebReference
Logo Design Revisited. Old logo amended
 Old logo amended
As for the differences between these two logos, they can all be ascribed to the general desire to simplify the original design. After the presence of an engaging "visual concept" mentioned above, simplicity is definitely the second most important prerequisite for a successful logo. Auguste Rodin once said that he created his sculptures by taking a lump of material and removing everything which was not essential; here, the old design was that lump of material, and it was not all that easy to figure out what was essential in it and what was not.
 - While the old design had three squares at different angles, the new one has only two. This is not merely a simplification; this change implies a different visual concept. As I mentioned, the old logo presents the idea of a "transition" between the two objects with one intermediate step, while in the new one we only have a static square and its drop shadow on the floor.
 Although the new concept is admittedly less complicated, perhaps even to the point of being commonplace, from the visual viewpoint the simpler design has some advantages precisely because it's simpler. For a transition theme to really work, the transition stages must be more equal in prominence, and for the meaning of transition to be immediately obvious, the shapes should ideally be positioned symmetrically (in other words, the logo's asymmetry may clash with its core meaning of transition).
 Also, in the old design the topmost shape is hardly a square as it's stretched too much vertically. In the new logo, I changed the shape to an exact square not only to meet the "squareware" implication of the company name, but most importantly, because the old distorted shape was a serious design mistake. If some of your elements resemble a square or a circle, they must be a mathematically precise square or circle, or they'll become a major annoyance. When distorting something in a logo, you must go up to the point when it becomes evident for everyone that the thing is distorted, not that the monitor is slightly maladjusted.
 - The most drastic change, however, is that of the textual part of the logo and its connection to the graphic. It was to be expected from the beginner designer that I was two years ago that some artificial, far-fetched means would be used to make an integral whole out of the graphic and the text. Quite naturally, these unnatural means could not produce a satisfactory result.
 The small sphere with a highlight that ties together the dot in "i" and the common corner of the three squares in the old logo was motivated by the feeling that this important point in the graphic, if left alone without proper emphasizing, will "hang in the air." This apprehension was plain wrong; on the contrary, the bottom corner of the squares feels much better when it's absolutely free, not only without any sphere, but also without the text pushing it too closely from below.
 So, paradoxically, a much better coordination of the text and graphic is achieved by moving the company name further off the graphic, almost to the point of the composition falling apart. Of course, this sparse placement should be supported by the corresponding sparsity in the close neighborhood of the logo on a page: if you place something closer to the logo than the logo's text is to the graphic, you won't have an integral logo any more.
 I also had to make the size of the text much smaller in the new logo than it was in the old one (in some sense, reducing the text size is equivalent to moving it further apart of the graphic). My goal was to make the text not a counterbalance for the graphic (which is pretty much balanced in itself), but rather a complementary element, a visual extension of the bottom black "shadow." Hence the small size, bold (i.e. "black") face, and a sans serif font (Franklin Gothic) legible in small sizes. This element's spaced-out lettering, besides further de-emphasizing the text, helps it to remain a part of the logo despite being almost torn off the graphic.
 - The color scheme, as always, deserves a separate discussion. The old logo's "transition" theme dictated using three shades of the same hue. This is perfectly logical, but the problem is that four colors (counting the text's black) is definitely too much for any logo, even if there is only one common hue to them (as the black has no hue of its own, it can be always considered the hue of its closest neighbor color). The resulting color scheme cannot be accused of motleyness, but it is nevertheless too complex and subtle for a logo.
 The first obvious step was to make the bottom square the same color as the text, i.e. black. Along with abandoning the idea of a transition and eliminating the middle square, this made it possible to limit the saturated color to the top square only, and gave me much more freedom in choosing that color without regard to whether it can form a good "transition" sequence of shades or not. The bright green I selected was approved by the customer as fresh, energizing, and not too conventional (the majority of logos today use blue tones).
Created: Nov. 10, 1998
Revised: Nov. 10, 1998
URL: _URL_


text:
As new modalities and device types emerge, touchpoints increase in frequency. In a digital world, with companies constantly competing for the attention of their consumers, multiexperience is well on its way to becoming the future of app development. In order to meet user and industry demands, we're seeing the birth of multiexperience development platforms. These are used in creating voice, chat, wearable, and augmented reality (AR) experiences that support digital businesses.
In terms of complete digital transformation, MX technology is a step forward. According to Daniel Sun, Vice President Analyst at Gartner, "Development teams should master mobile app design, development, and architecture because 'mobile' is typically the gateway to multiexperience."
If you want to design a multiexperience, consider exploring:
- Augmented reality
- Virtual reality
- Mixed reality
- The Internet of Things (IoT)
In conjunction with websites, social media, and apps, these technologies will contribute to the multiexperience as a whole.
Multiexperience development platforms (MXDP) centralize all the activities involved in putting together a multiexperience: designing, developing, testing, distributing, managing, and analyzing. MXDP's help companies scale their apps quickly across a variety of devices and platforms. Using an MXDP, you can develop an application that can be deployed on a range of devices.
Low-Code and No-Code
MXDP's are platforms that use no-code or low-code development to integrate tailored environmental experiences. Low-code, just as it sounds, means less coding or programming, while no-code cuts out the need for it entirely. One such solution that offers this is WalkMe's Digital Adoption Platform. It utilizes visual approaches to software development that streamline the development process. Digital adoption solutions like WalkMe do so by affording organizations opportunities for greater collaboration (anyone can use it, not just skilled programmers), and faster delivery of applications because less time is spent coding manually. These types of development tools allow you to update and manage new and engaging content across as many systems as you want—and in real-time.
Other benefits of low-code and no-code development platforms include:
- Rapid delivery of apps
- Greater collaboration
- Faster decision-making due to streamlined collaboration
- Easy scalability on cloud-native architecture
- Enablement of agility and fast response times
MX Development Barriers
One major challenge in terms of developing MX applications is aligning business and IT. According to Gartner's survey, among the 278 participants from 6 countries, more than a quarter of respondents indicated gaps in developer skills and user experience expertise. The respondents represent organizations that have developed and deployed at least 3 types of applications. This gap, as it relates to arising technology, hinders the scaling of digital initiatives like MX development.


Arduino WSPR
This page details my experimental AD9851 WSPR transmitter. Visit the WSPR page for my standard WSPR tests. These pages are also related to this, and may be of an interest to you: Arduino AD9851 Arduino RTTY Arduino QRSS 1W PA for 10MHz
This page assumes that you already have an Arduino board and AD9851 DDS chip in some form, for example the DDS-60 board by AmQRP. See the Arduino AD9851 board for my solution.
Source Code for AD9851 Simple WSPR Transmitter You'll need to generate your own data, as detailed in the text.
Theory of the WSPR Protocol
This section is the theory of how WSPR works. You do not need to understand any of this in order to make a WSPR transmitter. I worked through it because I was interested in the theory and maths. But I guess most people are not! 🙂
The first thing I did was see what frequencies were needed to be transmitted. This can be done with the WSPR program from the command line. Read the manual, WSPR Instructions found here. Most importantly the section entitled GENERATING A LIST OF TX TONE FREQUENCIES. This section describes making custom hardware or MCU solutions to transmit WSPR – exactly what I was trying to do! Wikipedia also has an interesting section, WSPR Protocol Specification, which contains some information.
WSPR has a fixed standard message of the station's callsign, 4-digit QRA locator and signal power in dBm. My example would be "M1GEO JO01 20" where M1GEO is my callsign, JO01 is the first 4 digits of my QRA locator and 20dBm (is roughly 100 mW). In total, 50 bits are used (28 for the callsign, 15 for the locator, and 7 for the power).
Using a high convolution code of length 32 and rate 0.5 as parameters for the forward error correction (messages are encoded in a redundant way, so the loss of information, here bits, has a greatly reduced impact on the quality of the message received) allows for a very redundant code.
If we expand this out, we can work out the number of binary symbols required to send this data. This convolutional encoding is explained mathematically here. Binary channel theory is explained here too. You don't need to understand these, just to know it happens is enough. This is the theory of why it works, how averaging the noise, redundant encoding (FEC) and other measures will help our cause. Here, just believe me, this is how it works out – our original 50 bits become the following number of symbols:
N_{sym} = 2(B + = 2(50 + [32-1) = 2(81) = 162 \; bits
The protocol specification states:
Each tone should last for 8192/12000 = 0.682666667 seconds, and transitions between
tones should be done in a phase-continuous manner.
This is a pre-chosen value, 8192/12000, (simplifies to 256/375) which was chosen because it works out nicely. Transmissions are a reasonable length of time, a computer sound-card can work with this value well.
Inverting this tone length, we get the tone separation:
F_{sep} = \frac{1}{T_{tone}} = \frac{1}{\frac{256}{375}} = \frac{375}{256} \approx 1.46 \; Hz.
as specified in the protocol. Next we know that we're using MFSK-4 (4 frequencies) with a separation of 1.4648 Hz, such that we can send our pseudo-random synchronisation vector. We work out the total occupied bandwidth,
BW_{tot} = T \times F_{sep} = 4 \times \frac{375}{256} = \frac{375}{64} \approx 6 \; Hz
The 162-bit seudo-random synchronisation vector (PRSV) serves to help the receiver to synchronise. It affords the receiving station some data that it knows to expect. It is able to find this pattern mixed in with your message (callsign, locator, power) and has therefore found your signal too. The 4 tones, mentioned above in our bandwidth calculation can be used to represent 1-bit of the PRSV and one bit of the message (00, 01, 10, 11). One of these four tones is called a channel symbol, and conveys one sync vector bit (LSB) and one data message bit (MSB). We send two bits at a time, hence 4 tones.
From here, we can work out the transmission time,
N_{sym} \times T_{tone} = 162 \times \frac{256}{375} = \frac{13824}{125} \approx 110.6 \; s
The protocol also specifies that transmission timeslots start one second into the even UTC minute.
Using The WSPR Binary to Generate Tone Data
For a starting position, I decided to use the WSPR binary application to generate the tone data. I am only really interested in the tone numbers (second column). In case you skipped the theory section, the protocol specification is set out here: and describes the many options to do with the WSPR binary command line. Here I just get the computer to generate my callsign, locator and power, 100 mW (M1GEO JO01 20). Note you need to use the WSPR.exe program or the wspr0 binary under Linux. Using the script just starts the WSPR GUI.
Old Versions:
./wspr0 Tx 0 0.0015 0 M1GEO JO01 20 11 New Versions: ./wspr0 -t -X -c M1GEO -g JO01 -dBm 20
WSPR generator
The power here shows 17 dBm. It was changed later to 20 dBm
The output data, tells you the bit number, and they're to be transmitted in this sequence. The next column tells you the tone number, 0-3, and the final column shows the frequency for the offsets you have entered in the two values after the Tx argument.
If you're running a Linux or Unix based system, running the command below will create you a list of tone numbers, separated by commas. If you're running Windows, I'm sure there are ways to do this (one of which is doing it yourself). I can't offer you any advice. Sorry.
./wspr0 -t -X -c M1GEO -g JO01 -dBm 20 | awk '{print2}' | sed ':a;N;$!ba;s/\n/,/g'
This data can then be input into your Arduino Code as a data array.
Simple WSPR Transmitter
You can use this data to transmit WSPR very simply. Putting this data into an array allows for easy recall in a sequenced manner. Here, I add the data into an array as you would expect to find in a C program. This is for Arduino v1, but is very universal. You can see how creating the comma separated list in the step above helped a lot!
byte WSPR_DATA[] = {3,3,0,2,2,0,2,0,1,0,2,0,1,1,1,0,2,2,3,0,2,1,2,3,1,3,1,2,0,
The line breaks are for looks only. You could just as easily leave all the data on one single line. Make sure the end of each line ends with a comma, as this signifies that the data continues.
A simple way to read this data out of the array is to create a for-loop:
void wsprTX() {
int i = 0;
for (i=0;i<162;i++) {
wsprTXtone( WSPR_DATA[i] );
Here you can see that the loop goes from the 0th element to 161st element sequentially incrementing the variable 'i'. I in turn feeds into our array, picking the next element from WSPR_DATAeach time it is updated. This value is passed by compound statement (the value WSPR_DATA[# returns is input directly as the argument) to the function wsprTXtone(t) which translates this tone number into an actual frequency.
void wsprTXtone(int t) {
if ((t >= 0) && (t <= 3) ) {
frequency((WSPR_TXF + (t * 1.4648)));
When the wsprTX(void) function calls wsprTXtone(t) it is passed a number, as discussed representing the tone required. The first thing we do is to check the tone is valid (0 <= t <= 3). If it is, we can simply calculate the required tone offset by multiplying the passed parameter, t, with the tone offset, 1.4648 Hz. This value is added to WSPR_TXF in this example which is the absolute offset, defined elsewhere as 10,140,200 Hz. The frequency() function, as you might expect, sets the frequency of the DDS.
The last issue to tackle is the timing. As


text:
A dispersion-compensation method to remove the cube-size effect from the resolution function of diced analyzer crystals using a position-sensitive two-dimensional pixel detector is presented. For demonstration, a resolution of 23 meV was achieved with a spectrometer based on a 1 m Rowland circle and a diced Si(555) analyzer crystal in a near-backscattering geometry, with a Bragg angle of 88.5°. In this geometry the spectrometer equipped with a traditional position-insensitive detector provides a resolution of 190 meV. The dispersion-compensation method thus allows a substantial increase in the resolving power without any loss of signal intensity.
- Diced analyzer crystals
- Position-sensitive detectors
- X-ray spectrometers
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Nuclear and High Energy Physics


indexed. This way, two or more people can work on the same package together, and upload it under their own accounts (without causing the upload to be marked unauthorized). Thus, PAUSE credentials do not need to be shared.
This provides a nice solution to the malicious upload problem, but also has implications for team-maintained packages. In particular, consider the case where there are two authors working on Acme::Library.
 1. Alice uploads the first version to CPAN, containing modules: Acme::Library and Acme::Library::Main.
 2. The PAUSE Indexer grants Alice first-come permissions to both Acme::Library and Acme::Library::Main.
 3. Alice grants Bob co-maintainer status on both Acme::Library and Acme::Library::Main.
 4. Bob creates a new Acme::Library::Other module and adds it to the package.
 5. The PAUSE Indexer grants Bob first-come permissions to Acme::Library::Other.
 6. Subsequent uploads by Alice will cause the upload of Acme::Library::Other to be marked UNAUTHORIZED.
Solutions
Clever Perl authors have attempted to solve this problem in many different ways over the years, but none of them have been widely successful because they all rely on some degree of human interaction.
Shared PAUSE Accounts
Some notable projects have attempted to solve the issue by creating a shared PAUSE user to hold the requisite first-come or module list upload permissions, which may then be granted to all other team members through the existing co-maintainer facility.
Alternatively, since it is easier for smaller projects, many modules simply assign first-come permissions to a single person, who is then in charge of providing co-maintainer permissions to others who would like to work on it.
Both of these approaches have the same limitation: any people uploading new modules must remember to assign first-come permissions to the group or user in question. In our case, Bob should have assigned first-come permissions to Acme::Library::Other to Alice, who then must pass co-maintainer permissions back to Bob. Unfortunately, this almost never happens, and Alice must chase down Bob (who happens to be on vacation in Antarctica) or, alternatively, the already over-worked PAUSE administrators.
Single Uploader
Some projects deal with this issue by sharing a version control system and having all the uploads go through a single person, in our case, Alice. This fixes the permission problem, since first-come permissions are always granted to Alice, but it results in a single point of failure. If there are some serious security issues requiring an immediate release, Alice must be available (and, as luck would have it, she is vacationing in Antarctica at the time).
Enter x_authority
One proposed solution, which is used in projects including Moose and Catalyst, is to use a special field in the CPAN Metadata file (META.yml or META.json) that defines someone as the "authority" for first-come namespaces in a distribution.
This is how it would work for Alice's Acme::Library distribution:
 1. Alice uploads a package to CPAN, containing modules: Acme::Library and Acme::Library::Main.
 2. Alice specifies, in META.yml:
 x_authority: cpan:ALICE
 This refers to Alice's PAUSE login, and is the person to whom permissions for new modules uploaded in this distribution are assigned.
 3. Alice grants Bob co-maintainer status on both Acme::Library and Acme::Library::Main.
 4. Bob creates a new Acme::Library::Other module and adds it to the package
 5. The PAUSE indexer, seeing the x_authority defined in META.yml, grants Alice (not Bob!) first-come permissions to Acme::Library::Other. At this time, Bob also automatically gets co-maintainer permissions to Acme::Library::Other.
 6. Subsequent uploads by Alice will be indexed properly.
Problems
There are still some outstanding issues that need to be resolved, but the x_authority proposal represents a giant leap forward for team-maintained software.
The name: any keys not part of the CPAN Metadata Specification must be prefixed with "x_" – eventually, once it is used by more people and accepted into the specification, this name will become, simply, "authority."
Other comaintainers: if Charlie joined the project prior to Bob's upload of Acme::Library::Other, then Alice still needs to grant co-maintainer permissions to Charlie. Unfortunately, the PAUSE Indexer cannot automatically grant permissions to him, since it has no notion of a "distribution," only module namespaces.
Malicious uploaders: in the worst case, if Eve joins the project and maliciously (or unintentionally!) changes the x_authority, she will automatically get first-come permissions on the namespace of any modules she adds. However, this is the same behaviour that we had in the absence of x_authority.
Conclusions
Ultimately, the benefits of this feature (making group maintenance easier) drastically outweigh the cost (only a few small changes need to be made to the PAUSE Indexer). They are unlikely to cause any problems in practice, and the worst-case behaviour is the same as if we did not have x_authority at all.
It isn't perfect, but it is a solution that requires minimal effort and minimal changes to PAUSE. Eventually, the goal is to create a more sophisticated system that will handle the issues outlined above, as well as more complex ones, such as renaming distributions or moving modules between distributions.
Thanks to Florian Ragwitz for spending some time discussing x_authority at length with me. He and Leon Timmermans proofread this article prior to publication.
This is the second part of a two-part series (the first part provides an introduction) discussing the role of smart grids in electric power distribution systems. We will explore some past and current installations of smart grids, discussing their motivating factors, planning, implementation and results. Essentially, this article is a discussion where we learn both from our successes and our failures in the power industry, to inform our future decisions.
Netherlands
Smart meters are the some of the earliest intelligent devices installed in distribution networks and critical to enabling the smart grid of the future. One of the biggest issues that every smart grid initiative encounters when attempting to incorporate the technology into their system is the public perception that smart meters violate the right to privacy. Consequently, if the utility does not handle the situation tactfully, the reduction in the rate of consumer participation can diminish the practical gain from smart grid installations.
As mentioned previously, smart meters are capable of communicating wirelessly with the utility, receiving consumer usage data with the potential to control OpenHAN-compliant appliances remotely. In the face of intelligent adversaries with increasingly powerful computing systems, it is important to provide a significant degree of security and future proofing.
In 2005, the Netherlands electricity distribution company Oxxio began widespread introduction of a smart meter for both gas and electricity. When the European parliament issued a directive to member states to begin installation of smart metering equipment, the public was neither educated nor reassured about the new technology. Economy minister Maria van der Hoeven decided to push for compulsory installation of smart meters and punishing refusal to install them with a fine of up to €17,000 or six months in prison. Amidst privacy concerns, consumer protection organizations fought rigorously against the law and won; smart meters can now only be installed on a voluntary basis as requested by consumers [1].
We must learn from this stark lesson and avoid a similar outcome in future installations by ensuring adequate education for the public in order to assuage their fears and uncertainty, ultimately to ensure vital consumer participation.
Ontario
While the amount and timing of data provided by smart meters from the field does not pose serious privacy risks from internal misuse, there many security concerns surrounding external adversaries. In particular, there is the potential for malicious users to modify their usage data in order to influence consumer billing, either by reducing their own consumption or as a financial attack against someone else. Since the utilities would be making design decisions based on the recorded trends, outside manipulation of the data could cause catastrophic effects to equipment if not upgraded when needed due to underrepresentation of actual power consumption.
In Ontario, the current smart grid deployment initiative involves the government, Hydro One's distribution business as well as other local utilities. It demonstrates the need for very close cooperation between the utilities and their regulatory bodies, especially since much of their current success can be attributed to their work communicating with users. Learning from errors in past smart grid implementations, the Ontario government established several websites acting as a central point of origin describing smart meters, their function and their overall objectives.
For support for the technical aspects of the deployment, Hydro One has partnered with Trilliant Technologies, which is a company that "provides intelligent network solutions and software to utilities for advanced metering, and Smart Grid management" [2]. Trilliant's expertise and extensive smart metering technology portfolio reduces Hydro One's risk and guarantees a higher degree of flexibility than with other vendors. The smart meters operate in the unlicensed 2.4GHz radio frequency commonly used for ZigBee, Wireless LAN (IEEE 802.11) and Bluetooth, with Trilliant providing both the metering and the related communication infrastructure. Tri


Fallible Ideas Podcast
Episode: Sense of Life, Learning and Practicing
I explain sense of life, then explain how learning works, how the mind is organized, the hierarchy of knowledge, the role of practice, and what that means for changing your sense of life (or changing your emotions or any other intuitive, automatic or second-nature ideas). Link: _URL_
Listen (mp3). Duration 22:17. Date: 2019-09-28
Episode List | iTunes | RSS Feed


text:
The need for reliable dynamic measurements and characterization of pressure transducers are important, especially in the fields of aerospace, defense and machinery manufacturing. Such measurements are performed on systems in which input pressure varies over time and must accurately capture the dynamic variations in pressure over short time intervals. This study presents a research work and measurements on the dynamic calibration of pressure transducers using a drop mass system and a high-speed impact tester. The impact test machine also uses the drop mass principle similar to some secondary level dynamic measurement instruments. The pulses which are produced by the impact test machine can be used as a dynamic pressure generator for the test and characterization of pressure transducers. For this purpose, a new experimental calibration setup was constructed on the impact test machine. The dynamic behaviors of pressure transducers were investigated using pulses obtained from varying dropping speeds and energies of the drop mass in this new setup. Experimental results were compared with the results obtained from a manual drop mass pulse generator. Results show that while there is some variance about 15% at 200 MPa as the variance becomes less than 5% at 300, 400, and 500 MPa. As a result, it is concluded that an impact test machine can be used as a reliable dynamic pulse generator.
Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering – Springer Journals
Published: Mar 25, 2017
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text:
ABIH Provides Path for Industrial Hygienists to Rise to the Highest Level
The American Board of Industrial Hygiene (ABIH) administers the prestigious Certified Industrial Hygienist (CIH) program.
Industrial hygiene is the science of protecting and enhancing the health and safety of people. Health and safety hazards cover a wide range of chemical, physical, biological and ergonomic stressors. Those dedicated to anticipating, recognizing, evaluating and controlling these hazards are known as Industrial Hygienists. They are professionals dedicated to the well-being of people – at work, at home and in the community.
Anticipation, recognition, evaluation and control of hazards have always been the prime goal for the industrial hygiene professional. Traditionally, the Industrial Hygienist became proficient by some combination of education, training, and experience. Ideally, this knowledge is used to anticipate when a hazardous condition may occur and then presumably, take corrective action. But not everything can be anticipated, so the Industrial Hygienist must be able to recognize conditions that could lead to adverse health effects to workers or a community population. Once anticipated or recognized, the hazard could then be evaluated and eventually controlled to eliminate or reduce the impact of the hazard.
Since the term Industrial Hygienist has not been restricted by law, anyone, regardless of knowledge and competency, can call themselves an "Industrial Hygienist". "To aid employers and the public, a voluntary professional certification program was established in 1960," reported Tracy Parsons, CIH, Administrative Program Manager at ABIH. "The American Board of Industrial Hygiene was developed as an independent corporation with the sole purpose of providing a certification program that ensured a minimum level of knowledge and skills in industrial hygiene. The ABIH program has since become the world's largest, premier certification for Industrial Hygienists. Today, CIHs are recognized as leaders in the industrial hygiene community and are highly sought after by industry, institutions and government agencies."
ABIH has released a video about the benefits of the CIH program that can be viewed at:
To learn more about the American Board of Industrial Hygiene or the CIH program, please email _EMAIL_, visit _URL_, or call _PHONE_.
About the American Board of Industrial Hygiene
Since 1960, ABIH, a not-for-profit corporation, has been the world's largest, premier organization for certifying professionals in the practice of industrial hygiene. ABIH is responsible for ensuring high-quality certification including education, experience, examination, certification maintenance and ethics enforcement.
- Contact Information
- Paul Cochrane
- Cochrane & Associates, LLC
- Contact via E-mail
This news content may be integrated into any legitimate news gathering and publishing effort. Linking is permitted.


Sweet pea flower pollination, SEM
Sweet pea flower pollination, SEM
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This image is part of the sequence Pollen app (pollen)
Caption: Sweet pea pollination. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of pollen grains (yellow) on the stigma (green) of a sweet pea flower (Lathyrus odoratus). The pollen grains, which contain male genetic material, have become trapped by the stigma's papillae (hair-like structures, green). The stigma is part of the female reproductive structure (pistil), which is formed from one or more carpels. Each carpel consists of a stigma, a style and an ovary (not seen). If the female sex cells (ovules) in the ovary become fertilised by the pollen grains' male sex cells, the carpel may ripen to produce a fruit containing seeds. Magnification: x170 at 6x7cm size.
Keywords: botany, carpel, coloured, female, flower, grains, lathyrus odoratus, nature, papilla, papillae, pistil, plant, plants, pollen grain, pollination, reproduction, reproductive, scanning electron micrograph, sem, stigma, structure, sweet pea


text:
Detection of structure in asteroid analogue materials and Titan's regolith by a landing spacecraft
Full recordShow full item record
AbstractWe compare measurements made by two impact penetrometers of different sizes and with different tip shapes to further understand penetrometer design for performing pentrometry on an asteroid. To this end we re-visit the interpretation of data from the Huygens' penetrometer, ACC-E, that impacted Titan's surface. In addition we investigate the potential of a spacecraft fitted with a penetrometer to bounce using a test rig, built at The Open University (UK). Analysis of ACC-E laboratory data, obtained from impacts into ~4 mm diameter gravel, was found to produce an unusual decrease in resistance with depth (force-depth gradient) which was also seen in the Huygens' ACCE data from Titan and originally interpreted as a wet or moist sand. The downward trend could also be reproduced in a hybrid Discrete Element Model (DEM) if it was assumed that the near surface particles are more readily mobilised than those deeper in the target. With regard to penetrometer design penetration resistance was found to be sensitive to the ratio of particle to tip diameter. A clear trend was observed with a conical tip penetrometer, X-PEN, of decreasing force-depth gradients with increasing particle sizes most likely due to a transformation from a bulk displacement of material by the penetrating tip to more local interactions. ACC-E, which has a hemispherical tip, was found to produce a wider range of force-depth gradients than X-PEN, which had a conical tip, possibly due to difficulties dislodging jammed particles. Both penetrometers were able to determine particle diameter and mass after post-processing of the data. Laboratory simulations of landings with the test rig suggest that a large impact penetrometer under certain circumstances could absorb a significant amount of the elastic energy of the spacecraft possibly aiding landing. Alternatively a small impact penetrometer would allow the spacecraft to bounce freely on the surface to make a measurement at another location.
Paton, M.D.; Green, S. F. <_URL_ Ball, A. J. <_URL_ Zarnecki, J. C. <_URL_ and Hagermann, A. <_URL_ (2016). Detection of structure in asteroid analogue materials and Titan's regolith by a landing spacecraft. Advances in Space Research, 58(3) pp. 415–437.


text:
est Main Courses With Rice
As you explore the foods of Spain, you will notice a lot of rice. It's included in many meals throughout the country, especially in and around the region of Valencia, which is famous for paella.
Are red rice and Spanish rice the same?
What is Spanish Rice? Also known as Mexican rice, red rice, and any number of combinations of those words, it's traditional name is Arroz Rojo ('rice red' in Spanish). At it's very basic, it's a combination of rice, onions, tomato and chicken stock cooked in one pan until the rice is cooked through.
What is in Knorr Mexican rice?
Enriched Parboiled Long Grain Rice [rice, Niacin, Ferric Orthophosphate (iron), Thiamin Mononitrate (vitamin B1), Folic Acid], Enriched Vermicelli [wheat And Durum Flour, Niacin, Ferrous Sulfate (iron), Thiamin Mononitrate (vitamin B1), Riboflavin (vitamin B2), Folic Acid], Red And Green Bell Peppers*, Hydrolyzed Soy
What is red rice?
What Is Red Rice? Red rice can be any of multiple varieties of rice that are high in anthocyanin, an antioxidant pigment that dyes the bran of the rice grain a reddish color. The most widely available varieties of red rice include West African red rice, Bhutanese red rice, and Thai red rice.
How do you make Puerto Rican white rice?
What is sofrito used for?
Sofritos are an essential in Hispanic cooking. Cuban, Dominican Republican, Puerto Rican, and Spanish families all use sofritos in their cooking. It is an aromatic blend of vegetables, herbs, and spices used to flavor beans, fish, meats, rice and stews.
Who invented Spanish rice?
Rice came to Mexico from Spain, where it had been introduced by the Moors during their seven-century occupation. To the Spanish rice dishes, which often included onion, garlic, saffron, and nuts, Mexicans added tomatoes and both fresh and dried chiles, as well as their own inspiration.
Is yellow rice high in cholesterol?
The latter is 0.7 g sugar and 0.7 g of dietary fiber, the rest is complex carbohydrate. Yellow rice, fat added, cooked contains 0.6 g of saturated fat and 0 mg of cholesterol per serving.
What does yellow rice taste like?
What does yellow rice taste like? The flavor of the rice will depend on whether you've used turmeric or saffron. So, if you used turmeric, then the rice will have an earthy, nutty taste and fragrant aroma. There will be a slight taste of garlic and onion, as well.


text:
Master of Business Administration (MBA ENG)
Content and conditions of studies
Structure and time schedule of studies contain the time structure according to individual years / trimesters of the study programme, detailed annotation of study modules / courses (allocation of instruction hours, method of course / module completion, credits, study aids permitted during an exam, basic and recommended literature, thematic areas of seminar papers, examples of exams).
Completion of a course / module defines the terms and conditions for the method of reviewing the acquired knowledge of a student for a given study course / module (exams, seminar papers, prezentation, credits).
Completion and conclusion of studies involves administrative and study requirements associated with the conclusion of studies (partial exams, classification of seminar papers), terms and conditions as well as time schedule for the completion of studies.
Final exams (FE) involve terms and conditions, content, and thematic areas of final exams and final state exams, terms and conditions and procedures for defending a diploma thesis.
Diploma thesis (DT) involves terms and conditions and formal requirements for preparing and defending a student's diploma thesis, time schedule and process of defending a diploma thesis.
Profile and qualification of a graduate characterize knowledge (general, professional, special) acquired in the course of the studies, together with the characterization of professions and institutions suitable for graduates based on their respective specialization.


Subaru Crosstrek manuals
Subaru Crosstrek Owners Manual: Station list
You can select, add or delete a station.
When the tab is touched on the main screen, a station list will be displayed.
Station list
 1. Select to sort the list in the chronological order of when the Station List was created.
 2. Select to create a station.
 The station can be created using track names or artist names.
 3. Select to delete a station.
 4. Return to the control screen.
 5. Select to sort the list based on the alphabetical order of the station names.
Store the station
You can register a station.
1. Touch the tab on the Pandora main screen.
2. Touch the "New Station" key, and then select the desired key.
Item Function
From Track Select to create a station using a track name.
From Artist Select to create a station using an artist name.
Cancel Select to cancel the operation to add a station.
Delete the station
You can delete a station.
1. Touch the tab on the Pandora top screen.
2. Touch the "Delete Station" key, and then the station list is appeared.
3. Select the item to delete the station. If the confirmation screen appears and the "OK" key is selected, the selected station will be deleted from station list.
Registering Bookmarks
You can register the music and artist now being played in Bookmark. 1. Touch the tab. 2. Select the desired key. The following items are appeared on the screen. Item Function ...
CD
...
Other materials:
Defogger setting
1. Perform the preparation steps according to "Preparation for car settings" 2. Operate the " " or " " switch to select the "Defogger" item. Then push the button. 3. The current setting will be displayed. Push the button to enter the selection mode. 4. Select ...
Component
INTAKE (INDUCTION)(H4DO) > General DescriptionCOMPONENT(1)Air intake duct(8)Air cleaner case (rear)Tightening torque: N·m (kgf-m, ft-lb)(2)Clip(9)ClipT1:1 (0.1, 0.7)(3)Cushion(10)Mass air flow and intake air temperature sensorT2:3 (0.3, 2.2)(4)Air cleaner case (front)(11)ClampT3:6 (0.6, 4. ...
Disassembly
REAR SUSPENSION > Rear Trailing LinkDISASSEMBLY1. BUSHING A - TRAILING LINKUsing the ST, push out the bushing A - trailing link.Preparation tool:ST-A: INSTALLER (899874100)ST-B: INSTALLER & REMOVER (BASE) (20099PA010)2. BUSHING - TRAILING LINKFor the removal procedure of bushing - trailing li ...
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2. CFM50 /N
The N value is a factor that can be found in a blower door manual. With blower door testing, this formula is fairly accurate when estimating heating savings. Using the N value for your region, you can quickly convert between CFM at 50 Pa (CFM50) and estimated natural infiltration by using this simple formula. Using the Boston example, if the N value is 19 and we reduced CFM50 by 1,000 by tightening up the home, the estimated natural air flow reduction is 1,000/19, or about 53 CFM.
The next example, calculating air flow savings, may cause the mechanical engineer types out there to roll their eyes. For simplicity's sake, let's stick with the old U x A x DT (U-Value x Area x Temperature difference). As you gain experience, your formulas and your use of them will become more sophisticated. For air flow, the U would be a constant per cubic foot of air (0.018 BTU/ft3). The area is replaced with cubic feet (ft3) per hour, and finally DT is the same old HDD x 24 x 0.75 for Boston. If the DT is treated as an annual total, the savings calculated would be an annual estimate. Remember that we calculated Boston's annual DT to be approximately 101,000. So for the 1,000 CFM50 reduction that gave us about a 53 CFM reduction in natural infiltration, the formula would look like this: 0.018 x 53 CFM x 60 Minutes x 101,000 = approximately 5,800,000 BTU, or about 58 therms of natural gas saved annually.
Copy these formulas down and try them for your area. Experiment, play, have fun and you will easily master back-of-the-envelope calculations. More importantly, your experience will alter your mindset and will change how you think about potential measures and savings. These back-of-the-envelope examples will not be as accurate as the sophisticated computer programs now available. But they are close, and at the end of the day, both will only be estimates of what a retrofit might save on a particular home.
Larry Harmon is the vice president of Air Barrier Solutions, LLC. He has managed efficiency programs, was a founder of the Building Performance Institute, and has worked in the field retrofitting residential and commercial structures. Larry has consulted with utilities, government organizations, contractors, manufacturers, and developers.
For more information:
Air Barrier Solutions, LLC, trains and consults on building envelope issues and markets building envelope services in the commercial, residential, and institutional sectors. Larry Harmon can be reached at _PHONE_ or lharmon@ airbarriersolutions.com. You can also hear him speak on retrofits at the Building Energy Conference, presented by the Northeast Sustainable Energy Association (NESEA), March 11–13, 2008 in Boston, Massachusetts. Go to _URL_ for more on the conference.
If you want to check out a couple of experienced home performance contractors for ideas and inspiration, here are some fine examples:
Canam Building Envelope Specialists, Incorporated, is a 29-year-old Canadian company that specializes in treating building envelope issues in residential and commercial buildings. For more on Canam, go to _URL_, or call _PHONE_.
GreenHomes America is a 27-yearold home-performance firm located in Syracuse, New York. GreenHomes focuses on existing homes and in each case treats the entire house. For more information about GreenHomes America, contact Mike Rogers, Vice President of Market Development at _PHONE_ or _EMAIL_.
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- What is the definition of fuel line?
- How do you pronunciate fuel line?
- What are the antonyms for fuel line?
- What are the holonyms for fuel line?
- What are the hypernyms for fuel line?
- What are the hyponyms for fuel line?
- What are the meronyms for fuel line?
- What are the synonyms for fuel line?
- What are words that sound like fuel line?
- What does fuel line look like?
- What does Twitter say about fuel line?
Sounds like fuel linefallen fall in feline Fellini felon felony filename file in file name fill-in fill in film filmy filum flame flamen Flaminian Way flan flume fly on folium follow-on foul line fuel line Fulani full moon
Definitions for fuel line
Pronounciation of fuel line
Synonyms for fuel linegas line petrol line
Antonyms for fuel line
No antonyms found for fuel line.
Holonyms for fuel line
No holonyms found for fuel line.
Hyponyms for fuel line
No hyponyms found for fuel line.
Hypernyms for fuel linepipe pipage piping
Meronyms for fuel line
No meronyms found for fuel line.


Zero-width joiner
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The zero-width joiner (ZWJ) is a non-printing character used in the computerized typesetting of some complex scripts, such as the Arabic script or any of the Indic scripts. When placed between two characters that would otherwise not be connected, a ZWJ causes them to be printed in their connected forms. In some cases, such as the second Devanagari example below, the ZWJ follows the second character, rather than the first.
The character's code point is U+200D zero width joiner (HTML  · ). In the InScript keyboard layout for Indian languages, it is typed by the key combination Ctrl+Shift+1. However, many layouts use the ']' key for this character.[1]
Character sequence Appearance
[ka क] [virāma ्] क्
[ka क] [virāma ्] [ZWJ] क्
[ka क] [virāma ्] [ṣa ष] क्ष
[ka क] [virāma ्] [ZWJ] [ṣa ष] क्‍ष
Character sequence Appearance
[na ನ] [virāma ್] ನ್
[na ನ] [virāma ್] [na ನ] ನ್ನ
[na ನ] [virāma ್] [ZWJ] [na ನ] ನ್‌ನ
[ra ರ] [virāma ್] [ka ಕ] ರ್ಕ
[ra ರ] [ZWJ] [virāma ್] [ka ಕ] ರ‍್ಕ
(Until Unicode 5.0; in later editions, specific code points are allotted[2])
Character sequence Appearance
[Na ണ] [virāma ്] [ZWJ] ണ്
[na ന] [virāma ്] [ZWJ] ന്
[ra ര] [virāma ്] [ZWJ] ര്
[la ല] [virāma ്] [ZWJ] ല്
[La ള] [virāma ്] [ZWJ] ള്
See also[edit]
 1. ^ "ചിത്രം:Inscript.jpg – Malayalam Computing" (in Malayalam). Retrieved 2011-10-22.
 2. ^ "Changes related to Malayalam in Unicode 5.1.0 from 5.0" (PDF). Retrieved 2015-06-12.
External links[edit]


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The CIT has embarked on one of the most ambitious projects in the world to deliver education in the laboratory on a scale not seen before, both in breadth and depth. To do that, it has acquired over 20 of the most cutting edge laboratories in the world.
Two immersive learning laboratories provide multiple learning spaces in a single physical venue. Six laboratories dedicated to IT security provide the students with hands-on experience in security systems ranging from intrusion detection to biometrics. Five laboratories dedicated to the field of networking provide the students with the opportunity to learn wireless networks, VOIP and other exciting new concepts in networking. Two business laboratories emulate a corporate environment using major enterprise software applications.


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The idea for journo came from a shower thought to create a journaling app that utilized the latest advancements in AI technology. We wanted to create an app that would not only allow users to journal their thoughts and experiences, but also provide them with personalized suggestions and insights based on and to inform their writing.
What it does
Journo is a journaling app that utilizes GPT-3 and Whisper to provide users with a personalized journaling experience. The app allows users to both speak and write their thoughts, using Whisper's advanced transcription technology to generate accurate voice transcripts and GPT-3 to generate personalized suggestions and insights based on the user's writing.
How we built it
Journo was built using a combination of React Native, TypeScript, Python and a couple of other library languages. We used TypeScript and React Native for the front-end development and Python for the back-end. We also used Python for the integration of GPT-3 and Whisper. Finally, we used Figma and Photoshop to design our app layout and interactions.
Challenges we ran into
One of the biggest challenges we faced was integrating the different technologies we were using. We had to work through a lot of error-searching, cache crashes and some compatibility issues, but we were able to overcome (most of) them through teamwork, collaboration and critical thinking. We also faced some issues translating our Figma design into a fully-fleshed-out front-end, and in the end, decided to go for functionality over form. We've instead attached our Figma design as a proof-of-possible concept doable with a little more time.
Accomplishments that we're proud of
We are proud of the fact that two of us were attending our first-ever hackathons, and that we all worked really well together while learning new languages. Additionally, we are proud of the fact that we were able to successfully integrate GPT-3 and Whisper into our app, which was a major accomplishment for our team.
What we learned
We learned a lot about integrating different technologies and working as a team under pressure. We also gained valuable experience in using React Native, TypeScript and Python.
What's next for journo
We are planning to continue to develop and improve journo, with a focus on user experience and adding new features. We are also looking into expanding Journo to other platforms, such as web and iOS. We believe Journo has the potential to be a valuable tool for people looking to journal and improve their mental health. We are excited to see where Journo will go!


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Evaluation of reticuloruminal pH measurements from individual cattle: sampling strategies for the assessment of herd status
MetadataShow full item record
The application of pH observations to clinical practice in dairy cattle is based on criteria derived primarily from single time-point observations more than 20 years ago. The aims of this study were to evaluate these criteria using data collected using continuous recording methods; to make recommendations that might improve their interpretation; and to determine the relationship between the number of devices deployed in a herd and the accuracy of the resulting estimate of the herd-mean reticuloruminal pH. The study made use of 815,475 observations of reticuloruminal pH values obtained from 75 cattle in three herds (one beef and two twice-daily milking herds) to assess sampling strategies for the diagnosis of sub-acute rumen acidosis (SARA), and to evaluate the ability of different numbers of bolus devices to accurately estimate the true herd-mean reticuloruminal pH value at any time. The traditional criteria for SARA provide low diagnostic utility, the probability of detection of animals with pH values below specified thresholds being affected by a strong effect of time of day and herd. The analysis suggests that regardless of time of feeding, sampling should be carried out in the late afternoon or evening to obtain a reasonable probability of detection of animals with pH values below the threshold level. The among-cow variation varied strongly between herds, but for a typical herd, if using reticuloruminal pH boluses to detect a predisposition to fermentation disorders while feeding a diet that is high in rapidly fermentable carbohydrates, it is recommended to use a minimum of nine boluses.
Journal Title/Title of Proceedings
The Veterinary Journal
Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. _URL_
Version of Record


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Texas Rockets Into The Future With Own Space Agency
Today, Texas Governor Greg Abbott unveiled the Texas Space Commission at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, marking a significant step forward for the great State of Texas in the space industry. The commission's main goal is to solidify Texas' role as a leader in space exploration and development.
The commission's launch ceremony was held today, Tuesday, March 26, 2024, and included the introduction of the Texas Space Commission Board of Directors and the Texas Aerospace Research and Space Economy Consortium (TARSEC) Executive Committee. These groups will play vital roles in driving Texas' future in space exploration.
With the Texas Space Commission, our great state will have a group that is responsible for dreaming and achieving the next generation of human exploration in space, said Governor Greg Abbott. Texas is the launchpad for Mars, innovating the technology that will colonize humanity's first new planet. As we look into the future of space, one thing is clear: those who reach for the stars do so from the great state of Texas.
In a press release today, Governor Abbott emphasized Texas' historical significance in space exploration, dating back to NASA's Johnson Space Center, which has been pivotal in manned spaceflight. He highlighted Texas' contribution to President Kennedy's vision of landing a man on the moon and expressed excitement about Texas being at the forefront of human exploration in space.
The announcement at NASA's Johnson Space Center was attended by notable figures such as Speaker Dade Phelan, Representative Greg Bonnen, Representative Dennis Paul, NASA's Johnson Space Center Director Vanessa Wyche, and other leaders from the state and aerospace industry.
Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick commended Texas' legacy in space exploration and expressed confidence in the commission and consortium to maintain Texas' position as a global leader in space innovation.
The Texas Space Commission will work toward Texas' leadership in civil, commercial, and military aerospace activities by promoting innovation and integrating space industries into the state's economy. TARSEC will focus on research opportunities to strengthen Texas' position in aerospace activities and boost industry integration into the economy.
With these initiatives, Texas is set to continue its pioneering journey into space exploration and development, ensuring a bright future for space innovation in the Lone Star State.
See Inside Reba McEntire's California Estate:
'Ghostbusters' Movies Ranked Worst to Best
Gallery Credit: Mike Duquette
An Exclusive Look Inside Billy Gibbons' New Club
Gallery Credit: Matt Wardlaw


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Crabtree Farms in Chattanooga, TN
By Alina Kodatt
Chattanooga, Tennessee, is nicknamed the Scenic City for a good reason. With breathtaking vistas of the Appalachian mountains and the Tennessee River flowing through it, the city is rich with outdoor beauty. To add to its resume, Forbes ranked Chattanooga as the eighth most affordable city in America in 2009. But Chattanooga hasn't always had such a gleaming reputation. In the early 20th century, the city was a bustling industrial, railroad, and manufacturing hub. After decades of industry, pollutants hung heavily in the air, shrouding those same beautiful mountains the area is known for. In 1969, the federal government deemed Chattanooga's air quality the dirtiest in the nation.
Chattanooga has come a long way from that dirty past, witnessing a slow and steady rebirth over the last few decades. It's now a city thriving with tourism, small businesses, art museums, a savvy food culture, and a growing movement towards green, sustainable living, Since 1998, one organization in particular has led the Chattanooga community towards more sustainable, local food practices. Championing their cause when the idea of sustainable agriculture was a little known concept, Crabtree Farms began educating and training local citizens. I spoke with Joel Houser, Executive Director of Crabtree Farms, and Melanie Mayo, Director of Education, about the ground-breaking work this organization has been doing and the community whose passion for local food has been ignited by Crabtree's efforts.
SOTRU: What is Crabtree Farms?
CF: Crabtree Farms is a project promoting research and education in the field of sustainable agriculture. We have a demonstration CSA farm that provides an excellent venue for various educational activities and events ranging from school tours and field trips to informational tours for established farmers. We have pick-your-own berry crops and offer many opportunities throughout the year for public involvement and participation. We offer classes ranging from the establishment of community gardens and natural gardening techniques to backyard composting and shiitake mushroom cultivation. We have robust intern and volunteer programs, and offer a workshare program where people work for their food.
SOTRU: When was it started?
CF: Crabtree was started in 1998 as a public-private nonprofit. The synergy of two local families produced the nonprofit organization. When Crabtree was started, the idea of local, sustainable agriculture was still relatively unheard of in Chattanooga. In the early days, we had a small garden and livestock, the farm managers lived on the property, and life was good. We had an on-site community garden and worked hard to involve the community in Chattanooga.
SOTRU: How does Crabtree Farms impact the Chattanooga community at large?
CF: Crabtree Farms educates and inspires the Chattanooga community to grow their own food sustainably. Throughout the years, we have cultivated a variety of partnerships from community-based organizations to government agencies in order to spread the message of sustainability and "growing your own." We teach over 400 volunteers on our farm each year about the hard work and rewards of growing food sustainably. This year, our work with an inner-city kids camp and at-risk teens has impacted the lives of children in our most disadvantaged communities, teaching them life-sustaining skills.
Our urban farm offers gardening resources and classes, and grows region-specific plant starts to enable more food gardening in our community. Many former Crabtree employees and volunteers have gone on to start farms or work on unique local food ventures!
Additionally, Crabtree produces TasteBuds Local Food Guide which inspires residents to connect with local food sources and celebrate our region's rich culinary bounty.
SOTRU: Where do you see Crabtree Farms in 5 years?
CF: As much as we've accomplished, we still have further to go. We plan on expanding our educational opportunities in response to what is needed by our community. Farmers as a group are getting older. Finding willing, young farmers is a new challenge. In the next 5 years, our property will continue to mature. As time passes, our perennial crops will mature and our farm and community will come into its own.
SOTRU: What would you say to individuals who live in parts of the country that don't have access to local food (i.e. few farms, no farmers' markets, shorter growing seasons, inhospitable climates)? How could they eat locally and sustainably?
CF: Grow your own! Growing your own food is empowering and easy. Most places in the country are suitable for growing food, whether you grow in pots or in the ground. It is surprising how much food you can grow in a limited area. If buying your food, look for a few key things: Buy local first, state second, regional third, and after that, buy domestic. Much produce is labeled according to the place of origin. Check for an organic label and others such as "Certified Naturally Grown" to how your food was grown and ensure a level of third-party rated environmental stewardship. In areas with short growing seasons (and even here in the southeast), canning and food preservation are important to making the harvest last.
SOTRU: How can individuals around the country promote local, sustainable farming, production, and consumption in their own town?
CF: The best way to help the local movement is to vote with your dollars. When you have the choice, help your neighbor and buy local. Ask your local grocers and food vendors to buy local produce, or at least label its place of origin. Shop at your farmers markets, and ask if the vendors grew the food that they are selling. The most local food, though, is food that someone grows in their backyard or neighborhood. There is vacant land in all of our cities- grow on it.
SOTRU: Anything else?
CF: Ask your farmer! Get to know your farmer. Certifications are good ways to have an idea of someone's growing practices if you cannot talk face to face, but the conversation and relationship is more important. We dropped our USDA Organic Certification because we are fortunate enough to know most of the people that eat our produce. If they are interested in our growing practices, we will talk about it or show them. Just because a farm is not certified organic or certified naturally grown does not mean that they are not using good practices.


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- Special Reports
- Aircraft of the week
- Airport of the week
- Airline of the week
- Aviator of the week
The DARPA Falcon Project is planned to complete its second test flight today. The Falcon Project (Force Application and Launch from Continental United States) is a joint venture between the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and the United States Air Force (USAF).
The ICAO or NATO Spelling Alphabet, also called the phonetic alphabet, is the most commonly used spelling alphabet. The alphabet was developed by ICAO and later implemented by several other organizations such as NATO and FAA and has become the standard spelling alphabet.
China's stealth fighter, Chengdu J-20, made is first flight on 11th of January, 2011. The fifth generation stealth, twin-engine fighter aircraft prototype was developed by Chengdu Aircraft Industry Group for the Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force. It's expected to be in service by 2017 – 2019. The Chengdu J-20 prototype was shown in flight to civilians and military personnel earlier this month. Photos of it began surfacing the internet last week.
The famous British Aerospace Harrier will retire next year from the UK military as a result of the Strategic Defence and Security Review. It made its last flight from an aircraft carrier on the 24th of November when four Harrier jets took off from HMS Ark Royal for the last time.


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Job stress and shift work have a lot more to do with obesity among nurses than previously thought, according to a study by the University of Maryland School of Nursing.
Survey data from 2,103 female nurses revealed that nurses with long work hours were significantly more likely to be obese compared with underweight or normal weight nurses. The obese nurses also reported having jobs requiring less physical exertion and less movement.
Previous to the study, not much was known scientifically about the prevalence of nurses' obesity and of the potential relationship between their work and their weight, says lead researcher Kihye Han, PhD, RN, postdoctoral fellow at the School.
Han says the study results provide timely evidence-based information for nurse executives and administrators who may consider rethinking their nurse scheduling. "Long work hours and shift work adversely affect quantity and quality of sleep, which often interferes with adherence to healthy behavior and increases obesity," she concludes.
The study, published in the Journal of Nursing Administration (volume 41, issue 11), is the latest in a series from the School of Nursing that together show adverse effects from unfavorable nursing schedules--effects not only on nurses' health but also on hospitals and patient care outcomes.
One of the previous studies by the same research team in the School of Nursing found that, along with long work hours, the work schedule component most frequently related to patient mortality was lack of time off from the job. Another study revealed evidence to challenge the common 12-hour nursing shift, which can result in sleep deprivation, health problems, and a greater chance for patient-care errors. In still another article, researchers described barriers that keep nursing executives from moving away from the practice, and offered strategies to help mitigate the possible negative effects of 12-hour shifts.
The obesity study suggests that educational interventions about sleep hygiene and strategies for adapting work schedules should be offered by hospitals and other health care institutions. Han adds that a favorable organizational climate that supports napping in the workplace can help prevent work-related sleep deprivation, reduce fatigue, and increase energy for healthy lifestyle behaviors.
About 55 percent of the nurses surveyed were obese. "Considering that more than half of nurses are overweight or obese, increasing availability of healthy food and providing sufficient time to consume it may reduce the risk of obesity and future health problems," says Han.


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versão On-line ISSN 0717-7356
SANTORO, Calogero M et al. PLEISTOCENE HUMAN OCCUPATION IN THE ATACAMA DESERT: FIRST RESULTS FROM THE APPLICATION OF AN INTERDISCIPLINARY PREDICTIVE RESEARCH MODEL. Chungará (Arica) [online]. 2011, vol.43, n.especial, pp. 353-366. ISSN 0717-7356. _URL_
In South America, evidence of human occupation dates back to 14,600 calibrated years BP (14.6 ka). Yet, important areas such as the Atacama Desert, between latitude 17° to 21° S (northern Atacama), lack occupations older than 11,5 ka. Current hyperarid conditions in the Atacama have dissuaded many researchers from considering this region as a possible territory for Pleistocene-Holocene peoples. Paleoecological data, however, have suggested increased availability of water along the western slope of the Andes from 17.5-9.5 ka. Thus, we systematically searched for rodent middens and paleowetlands in the large canyons of the Andean Precordillera as well as the interfluves (1,000-3,000 masl). As a result, we identified specific habitats favorable for early human settling. This interdisciplinary and predictive methodological model, summarized in this paper, allowed us to identify several sites. Among these, Quebrada Maní 12 is the first Pleistocene-Holocene human occupation (~11.9 a 12.7 ka) known from the northern Atacama.
Palavras-chave : Pleistocene-Holocene transition; early peopling; paleoenvironment; Atacama Desert.