3814 posted
 My eyeball scan of your JSON seems to show that the .text of odd numbered lines is the name of a field and the .text of even numbered lines is the value of that field. For example
 lines[3].text is "Owner Full Name" and lines[3+1] is "Bob Lee"
 I don't know the JSON package you are using but it would seem that you could create a small utility method to retrieve the value corresponding to a required field with something like
 string fieldValue(IEnumerable<???> lines, string nameOfField) {
 var skipped = lines.SkipWhile(l => l.text != nameOfField;
 return skipped.Skip(1).First().text;
 }
 The skipped variable would be the 'lines' input with everything prior to the field of interest removed. You then just skip over the field name line and return the .text property of the next line. You obviously need some serious error handling code but this little method would allow you to do things like
 OwnerEmail = fieldValue(lines, "Owner Email");
 Of course, the literal "Owner Email" could be taken from the csv file rather than being a literal.
 Because I don't know your JSON reading package I can't tell you what type ??? is but I would think that you know that - its just the type of a single element of the lines array.
 - Marked as answer by Anonymous Thursday, October 7, 2021 12:00 AM
 Tuesday, October 27, 2020 8:26 AM
All replies
 - User475983607 posted
 I think you have to realize that a file with 3 columns is a different type than a file with 4 columns. Designs based on dynamically generated columns generally points to a design flaw. If the columns can be added over time then the programming problem is handling versions.
 Saturday, October 24, 2020 12:02 AM
 - User-_PHONE_ posted
 I think you have to realize that a file with 3 columns is a different type than a file with 4 columns. Designs based on dynamically generated columns generally points to a design flaw. If the columns can be added over time then the programming problem is handling versions.
 You're right, but honestly, this is the best/only way I have currently that achieves something for the short-term. I do know that this is not feasible for the long-term, as files could change, which is why I'm posting this thread so I can perhaps receive advice on a better design that what I have currently.
 Saturday, October 24, 2020 12:09 AM
 - User475983607 posted
 You're right, but honestly, this is the best/only way I have currently that achieves something for the short-term. I do know that this is not feasible for the long-term, as files could change, which is why I'm posting this thread so I can perhaps receive advice on a better design that what I have currently.
 It is up to you to design the code so you can keep track of CSV versions. Perhaps put the version in the file name.
 Saturday, October 24, 2020 10:45 AM
 - User303363814 posted
 My eyeball scan of your JSON seems to show that the .text of odd numbered lines is the name of a field and the .text of even numbered lines is the value of that field. For example
 lines[3].text is "Owner Full Name" and lines[3+1] is "Bob Lee"
 I don't know the JSON package you are using but it would seem that you could create a small utility method to retrieve the value corresponding to a required field with something like
 string fieldValue(IEnumerable<???> lines, string nameOfField) {
 var skipped = lines.SkipWhile(l => l.text != nameOfField;
 return skipped.Skip(1).First().text;
 }
 The skipped variable would be the 'lines' input with everything prior to the field of interest removed. You then just skip over the field name line and return the .text property of the next line. You obviously need some serious error handling code but this little method would allow you to do things like
 OwnerEmail = fieldValue(lines, "Owner Email");
 Of course, the literal "Owner Email" could be taken from the csv file rather than being a literal.
 Because I don't know your JSON reading package I can't tell you what type ??? is but I would think that you know that - its just the type of a single element of the lines array.
 - Marked as answer by Anonymous Thursday, October 7, 2021 12:00 AM
 Tuesday, October 27, 2020 8:26 AM
 - User-_PHONE_ posted
 My eyeball scan of your JSON seems to show that the .text of odd numbered lines is the name of a field and the .text of even numbered lines is the value of that field. For example
 lines[3].text is "Owner Full Name" and lines[3+1] is "Bob Lee"
 I don't know the JSON package you are using but it would seem that you could create a small utility method to retrieve the value corresponding to a required field with something like
 string fieldValue(IEnumerable<???> lines, string nameOfField) {
 var skipped = lines.SkipWhile(l => l.text != nameOfField;
 return skipped.Skip(1).First().text;
 }
 The skipped variable would be the 'lines' input with everything prior to the field of interest removed. You then just skip over the field name line and return the .text property of the next line. You obviously need some serious error handling code but this little method would allow you to do things like
 OwnerEmail = fieldValue(lines, "Owner Email");
 Of course, the literal "Owner Email" could be taken from the csv file rather than being a literal.
 Because I don't know your JSON reading package I can't tell you what type ??? is but I would think that you know that - its just the type of a single element of the lines array.
 Hi Paul
 Thanks for your response! I am actually not sure what the type is, Ive thought at first easy enough, its string since thats what im converting the read results to afterall but nope, text is not recognized. So i thought it must be JToken type and that is not the case either. Ive tried byte as well as byte[] but that is not correct either.
 This json is generated from the Azure computer vision REST API, so what would the type be?
 Here is the code used to generate the JSON:
 /// <summary>
 /// Gets the text from the specified image file by using
 /// the Computer Vision REST API.
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="imageFilePath">The image file with text.</param>
 static async Task ReadText(string imageFilePath)
 {
 try
 {
 HttpClient client = new HttpClient();

 // Request headers.
 client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add(
 "Ocp-Apim-Subscription-Key", subscriptionKey);

 string url = uriBase;

 HttpResponseMessage response;

 // Two REST API methods are required to extract text.
 // One method to submit the image for processing, the other method
 // to retrieve the text found in the image.

 // operationLocation stores the URI of the second REST API method,
 // returned by the first REST API method.
 string operationLocation;

 // Reads the contents of the specified local image
 // into a byte array.
 byte[] byteData = GetImageAsByteArray(imageFilePath);

 // Adds the byte array as an octet stream to the request body.
 using (ByteArrayContent content = new ByteArrayContent(byteData))
 {
 // This example uses the "application/octet-stream" content type.
 // The other content types you can use are "application/json"
 // and "multipart/form-data".
 content.Headers.ContentType =
 new MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/octet-stream");

 // The first REST API method, Batch Read, starts
 // the async process to analyze the written text in the image.
 response = await client.PostAsync(url, content);
 }

 // The response header for the Batch Read method contains the URI
 // of the second method, Read Operation Result, which
 // returns the results of the process in the response body.
 // The Batch Read operation does not return anything in the response body.
 if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
 operationLocation =
 response.Headers.GetValues("Operation-Location").FirstOrDefault();
 else
 {
 // Display the JSON error data.
 string errorString = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
 Console.WriteLine("\n\nResponse:\n{0}\n",
 JToken.Parse(errorString).ToString());
 return;
 }

 // If the first


Exploring Static Electricity with Sticky Balloons
based on 54 ratings
Author: Shelly Smith
Grade Level: Preschool to Kindergarten; Type: Physics
This project introduces children to static electricity and the idea that electricity is more than lights and plugs and electric shocks.
Research Question:
Can static electricity make a balloon "sticky"?
 - One or more balloons
 - Wool sweater or rug
 - Wall
Experimental Procedure:
 - Blow up the balloons.
 - Feel the balloons and the wall. Are they sticky? Does the balloon stick to the wall?
 - Rub a balloon several times across the wool sweater or rug.
 - Place it against the wall. Does it stick to the wall?
 - Rub the balloon across the sweater or rug again.
 - Bring it close to a friend's hair. Does her hear leap up and stick to the balloon?
 - What else will a rubbed balloon stick to?
 - Extension A: Blow up many balloons and stick them to the walls in fun and colorful patterns.
Terms/Concepts: Static electricity, what causes static electricity?
References: Science Made Simple: What Causes Static Electricty?
Add your own comment


text:
Depression Care Across the Lifespan
2009. 230 Seiten, Softcover
ISBN 978-0-470-51772-7 - John Wiley & Sons
Preis inkl. Mehrwertsteuer zzgl. Versandkosten.
E-Books sind auch über alle bekannten E-Book Shops erhältlich.
Depression Care across the Lifespan is a comprehensive, practical text that aims to increase knowledge and understanding of depression enabling professionals to enhance the care delivered to patients with depression. This text explores depression across all ages, starting with children and teenagers, through adulthood and finally old age.
Depression Care across the Lifespan explores depression amongst different groups including children and teenagers, depression throughout the adult female lifecycle and depression in later life. It also discusses the impact of depression in people with learning disabilities and those from ethnic minority and immigrant populations. It also looks at topics including the causes and treatment of depression, the impact of stress and depression upon work and wellbeing, depression in chronic illness, suicide and self harm, and managing depression in primary and secondary care are included.
* Essential reading for practitioners involved in the care of depressed people
* Useful for students undertaking nursing, health and social care courses
* Evidence-based, and supported by relevant literature
* Links policy with current practice across the whole lifespan

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Definition of Anterior tongue
Anterior tongue: The front two-thirds of the tongue. In contrast to the base of the tongue, which is the back third. The distinction between the anterior and base of the tongue reflects the fact that they are of different embryological origin. The distinction also matters as regards cancer. See: Tongue cancer.
Last Editorial Review: 10/9/2012
Back to MedTerms online medical dictionary A-Z List
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text:
quote object => object
Arguments and Values:
object---an object; not evaluated.
The quote special operator just returns object.
The consequences are undefined if literal objects (including quoted objects) are destructively modified.
(setq a 1) => 1 (quote (setq a 3)) => (SETQ A 3) a => 1 'a => A ''a => (QUOTE A) '''a => (QUOTE (QUOTE A)) (setq a 43) => 43 (list a (cons a 3)) => (43 (43. 3)) (list (quote a) (quote (cons a 3))) => (A (CONS A 3)) 1 => 1 '1 => 1 "foo" => "foo" '"foo" => "foo" (car '(a b)) => A '(car '(a b)) => (CAR (QUOTE (A B))) #(car '(a b)) => #(CAR (QUOTE (A B))) '#(car '(a b)) => #(CAR (QUOTE (A B)))
Affected By: None.
Exceptional Situations: None.
Section 3.1 (Evaluation), Section 2.4.3 (Single-Quote), Section 3.2.1 (Compiler Terminology)
The textual notation 'object is equivalent to (quote object); see Section 3.2.1 (Compiler Terminology).
Some objects, called self-evaluating objects, do not require quotation by quote. However, symbols and lists are used to represent parts of programs, and so would not be useable as constant data in a program without quote. Since quote suppresses the evaluation of these objects, they become data rather than program.


the range appropriate for the particular
month and year specified by month_name and year_number, respectively.
If no year_number is given, the current year is assumed if the given
date and time are later this year. If no year_number is given and
the date and time have already occurred this year and the month is
not the current month, next year is the assumed year.
*/
%token year_number
/*
A year_number is a four-digit number representing the year A.D., in
which the at_job is to be run.
*/
%token inc_number
/*
The inc_number is the number of times the succeeding increment
period is to be added to the specified date and time.
*/
%token timezone_name
/*
The name of an optional timezone suffix to the time field, in an
implementation-defined format.
*/
%token month_name
/*
One of the values from the mon or abmon keywords in the LC_TIME
locale category.
*/
%token day_of_week
/*
One of the values from the day or abday keywords in the LC_TIME
locale category.
*/
%token am_pm
/*
One of the values from the am_pm keyword in the LC_TIME locale
category.
*/
%start timespec
%%
timespec : time
| time date
| time increment
| time date increment
| nowspec
;
nowspec : "now"
| "now" increment
;
time : hr24clock_hr_min
| hr24clock_hr_min timezone_name
| hr24clock_hour ":" minute
| hr24clock_hour ":" minute timezone_name
| wallclock_hr_min am_pm
| wallclock_hr_min am_pm timezone_name
| wallclock_hour ":" minute am_pm
| wallclock_hour ":" minute am_pm timezone_name
| "noon"
| "midnight"
;
date : month_name day_number
| month_name day_number "," year_number
| day_of_week
| "today"
| "tomorrow"
;
increment : "+" inc_number inc_period
| "next" inc_period
;
inc_period : "minute" | "minutes"
| "hour" | "hours"
| "day" | "days"
| "week" | "weeks"
| "month" | "months"
| "year" | "years"
;
STDIN
The standard input shall be a text file consisting of commands acceptable to the shell command language described in Chapter 2, Shell Command Language. The standard input shall only be used if no −f file option is specified.
INPUT FILES
See the STDIN section.
The text files at.allow and at.deny, which are located in an implementation-defined directory, shall contain zero or more user names, one per line, of users who are, respectively, authorized or denied access to the at and batch utilities.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
The following environment variables shall affect the execution of at:
LANG
Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1-2017, Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables for the precedence of internationalization variables used to determine the values of locale categories.)
LC_ALL
If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the other internationalization variables.
LC_CTYPE
Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data as characters (for example, single-byte as opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments and input files).
LC_MESSAGES
Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and contents of diagnostic messages written to standard error and informative messages written to standard output.
NLSPATH
Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of LC_MESSAGES.
LC_TIME
Determine the format and contents for date and time strings written and accepted by at.
SHELL
Determine a name of a command interpreter to be used to invoke the at-job. If the variable is unset or null, sh shall be used. If it is set to a value other than a name for sh, the implementation shall do one of the following: use that shell; use sh; use the login shell from the user database; or any of the preceding accompanied by a warning diagnostic about which was chosen.
TZ
Determine the timezone. The job shall be submitted for execution at the time specified by timespec or −t time relative to the timezone specified by the TZ variable. If timespec specifies a timezone, it shall override TZ. If timespec does not specify a timezone and TZ is unset or null, an unspecified default timezone shall be used.
ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
Default.
STDOUT
When standard input is a terminal, prompts of unspecified format for each line of the user input described in the STDIN section may be written to standard output.
In the POSIX locale, the following shall be written to the standard output for each job when jobs are listed in response to the −l option:
"%s\t%s\n", at_job_id, <date>
where date shall be equivalent in format to the output of:
date +"%a %b %e %T %Y"
The date and time written shall be adjusted so that they appear in the timezone of the user (as determined by the TZ variable).
STDERR
In the POSIX locale, the following shall be written to standard error when a job has been successfully submitted:
"job %s at %s\n", at_job_id, <date>
where date has the same format as that described in the STDOUT section. Neither this, nor warning messages concerning the selection of the command interpreter, shall be considered a diagnostic that changes the exit status.
Diagnostic messages, if any, shall be written to standard error.
OUTPUT FILES
None.
EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
None.
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values shall be returned:
0
The at utility successfully submitted, removed, or listed a job or jobs.
>0
An error occurred.
CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
The job shall not be scheduled, removed, or listed.
The following sections are informative.
APPLICATION USAGE
The format of the at command line shown here is guaranteed only for the POSIX locale. Other cultures may be supported with substantially different interfaces, although implementations are encouraged to provide comparable levels of functionality.
Since the commands run in a separate shell invocation, running in a separate process group with no controlling terminal, open file descriptors, traps, and priority inherited from the invoking environment are lost.
Some implementations do not allow substitution of different shells using SHELL. System V systems, for example, have used the login shell value for the user in /etc/passwd. To select reliably another command interpreter, the user must include it as part of the script, such as:
$ at 1800
myshell myscript
EOT
job ... at ...
$
EXAMPLES
1.
This sequence can be used at a terminal:
at -m 0730 tomorrow
sort < file >outfile
EOT
2.
This sequence, which demonstrates redirecting standard error to a pipe, is useful in a command procedure (the sequence of output redirection specifications is significant):
at now + 1 hour <<!
diff file1 file2 2>&1 >outfile | mailx mygroup
!
3.
To have a job reschedule itself, at can be invoked from within the at-job. For example, this daily processing script named my.daily runs every day (although crontab is a more appropriate vehicle for such work):
# my.daily runs every day
daily processing
at now tomorrow < my.daily
4.
The spacing of the three portions of the POSIX locale timespec is quite flexible as long as there are no ambiguities. Examples of various times and operand presentation include:
at 0815am Jan 24
at 8 :15amjan24
at now "+ 1day"
at 5 pm FRIday
at '17
utc+
30minutes'
RATIONALE
The at utility reads from standard input the commands to be executed at a later time. It may be useful to redirect standard output and standard error within the specified commands.
The −t time option was added as a new capability to support an internationalized way of specifying a time for execution of the submitted job.
Early proposals added a ''jobname'' concept as a way of giving submitted jobs names that are meaningful to the user submitting them. The historical, system-specified at_job_id gives no indication of what the job is. Upon further reflection, it was decided that the benefit of this was not worth the change in historical interface. The at functionality is useful in simple environments, but in large or complex situations, the functionality provided by the Batch Services option is more suitable.
The −q option historically has been an undocumented option, used mainly by the batch utility.
The System V −m option was added to provide a method for informing users that an at-job had completed. Otherwise, users are only informed when output to standard error or standard output are not redirected.
The behavior of at <now> was changed in an early proposal from being unspecified to submitting a job for potentially immediate execution. Historical BSD at implementations support this. Historical System V implementations give an


text:
has acquired a very rare Jugendstil table lamp from 1915. It is one of only two known objects designed by Axel Enoch Boman for Orrefors. The lamp can be seen in the exhibition Light and Darkness which runs until 3 February.
The mountings are in copper with relief decoration and the electric light, a modern item at the time, illuminates both the base and the shade. The glass shade has a green background with horse-chestnut leaves in orange overlay, and is signed ORREFORS HW. HW stands for Heinrich Wollman, who was a talented etcher fromAustria. The difficult glassblowing work was carried out by another important craftsman at the factory Knut Bergqvist. At the time that the lamp was made, he was developing the overlay technique that came to be known as the Ariel technique.
Around the turn of the last century, Axel Enoch Boman (_PHONE_) was employed at Kosta and then in 1903 at Reijmyre, tasked with engraving overlay glass with designs by Anna and Ferdinand Boberg, Alf Wallander and Gunnar G:son Wennerberg. He also produced such glass to his own designs and created sets of stemware. In 1915 he sent a number of overlay glass pieces to Orrefors. The acquired lamp is one of only two items designed by AE Boman for Orrefors that are known to still exist.
The Orrefors lamp has an interesting provenance. Consul Johan Ekman from Gothenburg bought Orrefors in 1913. His daughter Agnes Hellner wrote down the following comment: At Christmas in 1915 the glassworks sent father a tall lamp, green with yellow horse-chestnut leaves in overlay glass. It was like nothing we had ever seen, and we thought it was so beautiful and so skilfully made, that we were overcome with wonder, joy, pride and even amazement that our dear Orrefors could achieve such a masterpiece.
Nationalmuseum has few light fittings from the period when electricity was first introduced and started influencing the design of lamps. As electricity moved into homes, there were two different ideals. Either the naked bulb was kept visible to clearly display this innovation, or it was concealed. Designers Tiffany in theUSAand Gallé inFranceused glass shades to spread a suggestive light. Other producers, including Orrefors, embraced the idea of enveloping the new electric light in glass.
This acquisition has been made possible with funding from BarbroOsher, through her Pro Suecia Foundation. It can be seen in Nationalmuseums exhibition Light and Darkness, which runs until 3 February 2013.


Runway Model SDK
These documents serve as a reference for the Runway Model SDK. With a few lines of code, you can port existing ML models to the Runway platform so they can be used and shared by others.
This SDK supports both Python 3.6+. You can install the module using either pip or pip3 like so:
pip3 install runway-python
Published versions of the SDK are hosted on the PyPI project website.
Runway Models
A Runway model consists of two special files:
 - A python script that imports the runway module (SDK) and exposes its interface via one or more runway.command() functions. This file is used as the entrypoint to your model.
 - runway.yml: A configuration file that describes dependencies and build steps needed to build and run the model.
Runway models expose a standard interface that allows the Runway app to interact with them over HTTP. This is accomplished using three functions: _USER_.setup(), _USER_.command(), and
Any Python-based model, independent of the ML framework or toolkit, can be converted into a Runway model using this simple interface. For more information about the runway module, see the module reference page.
This is example code for demonstration purposes only. It will not run, as the your_image_generation_model import is not a real python module.
import runway
from runway.data_types import category, vector, image
from your_image_generation_model import big_model, little_model
# The setup() function runs once when the model is initialized, and will run
# again for each well formed HTTP POST request to http://localhost:9000/setup.
_USER_.setup(options={'model_size': category(choices=['big', 'little'])})
def setup(opts):
 if opts['model_size'] == 'big':
 return big_model()
 return little_model()
inputs = { 'noise_vector': vector(length=128, description='A random seed.') }
outputs = { 'image': image(width=512, height=512) }
# The _USER_.command() decorator is used to create interfaces to call functions
# remotely via an HTTP endpoint. This lets you send data to, or get data from,
# your model. Each command creates an HTTP route that the Runway app will use
# to communicate with your model (e.g. POST /generate). Multiple commands
# can be defined for the same model.
_USER_.command('generate', inputs=inputs, outputs=outputs, description='Generate an image.')
def generate(model, input_args):
 # Functions wrapped by _USER_.command() receive two arguments:
 # 1. Whatever is returned by a function wrapped by _USER_.setup(),
 # usually a model.
 # 2. The input arguments sent by the remote caller via HTTP. These values
 # match the schema defined by inputs.
 img = input_args['image']
 return model.generate(img)
# The function triggers a call to the function wrapped by
# _USER_.setup() passing model_options as its single argument. It also
# creates an HTTP server that listens for and fulfills remote requests that
# trigger commands.
if __name__ == '__main__':'', port=9000, model_options={'model_size': 'big' })
If you are looking to port your own model, we recommend starting from our Model Template repository hosted on GitHub. This repository contains a basic model that you can use as boilerplate instead of having to start from scratch.
Example runway.yml
Each Runway model must have a runway.yml configuration file in its root directory. This file defines the steps needed to build and run your model for use with the Runway app. This file is written in YAML, a human-readable superset of JSON. Below is an example runway.yml file. This example file illustrates how you can provision your model's environment.
version: 0.1
python: 3.6
entrypoint: python
cuda: 9.2
framework: tensorflow
 - image_dataset/*
 - pip install runway-python
 - pip install -r requirements.txt
Continue on to the Runway YAML reference page to learn more about the possible configuration values supported by the runway.yml file, or hop over to the Example Models page to check out the source code for some of the models that have already been ported to Runway.


text:
Definition of Calesas
1. calesa [n] - See also: calesa
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Calesas Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Calesas
Literary usage of Calesas
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. Glimpses of Spain; Or, Notes of an Unfinished Tour in 1847 by Severn Teackle Wallis (1849)
"... Parson—English and Continental Manners—Spanish Cookery—Rides about the Hills—The Retiro— Villa of the Prussian Consul—calesas and Bombes—Torre Molino...."
2. Letters, Descriptive of Public Monuments, Scenery, and Manners in France and by Mrs Caroline Elizabeth Wilde Cushing, Caroline Elizabeth Cushing (1832)
"... it is, I imagine, to be attributed much less to the necessity of the case, than to settled, constitutional indolence. LETTER XVII. calesas...."
3. Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine (1849)
"And even if granted, it usually, as in the case of the calesas above cited, is either too weak to be useful, or lags behind, or fairly turns tail...."
4. Three Years in the Pacific: Including Notices of Brazil, Chile, Bolivia, Peru by William Samuel Waithman Ruschenberger (1834)
"When we reached the Pantheon, which is about a mile from the city, the concourse became a dense crowd, and the road was blocked up with calesas...."
5. Scenes and Adventures in Spain: From 1835 to 1840 by Poco Mas (1845)
"calesas, or headed single-horse chaises, but of very primitive form,... calesas are rarely put in requisition by any but the holidaymaking folks of the..."

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The Calcutta Cup is arguably one of the most iconic segments of the annual Six Nations Rugby championship. Dating back to 1879, this match between England and Scotland has become an iconic fixture in the annual rugby calendar and the status of such a rich prize always produces a fiercely competitive confrontation. This year was to prove no different. England entered this round of the tournament battered and lacking momentum, having suffered an embarrassing defeat at the hands of the French in their previous game. Scotland had also experienced defeat in their opening match, although their loss to Ireland was both narrow in margin and bravely conducted. With the match being played at Scotland's home stadium of Murrayfield, the advantage seemed to lean towards the host team.
The outset of the game saw Scotland apply intense pressure towards the English defence, forcing the visitors on the back foot immediately through a relentless charging down of the English ball carriers. However, England were soon able to overcome this challenge, engaging in a phase of well executed offensive play which saw a gradual breakdown of Scotland's discipline. Such ill-discipline saw England awarded a penalty just after the ten-minute mark, offering them a key opportunity to capture the first points of the game. Despite facing increasingly strong winds, fly-half Owen Farrell was able to deliver a perfectly aimed kick and provide England with a crucial 3-point lead.
Yet England were far from safe as Scotland quickly responded with a devastatingly effective counterattack, pushing up to within metres of the English try-line. A well-executed lineout and driving maul placed huge volumes of pressure on the English defence, with this only dissipating after a penalty was awarded in favour of the beleaguered defenders. The rest of the first half would see this position of stalemate remain the prominent theme of the match, the equal performances of both sides coupled with extremely unfavourable weather ensured the score would remain just 3-0 to England at the 40-minute mark.
The second half would see this inactivity unwind as the war of attrition began to reap its effects. With the game being so tight Scotland's energy and passion remained impeccably high and they began the new half with a swift and effective offensive against the visitors. A dropped ball from England's George Ford saw Scotland rapidly capitalise on his error, loose head prop Rory Sutherland scooping up the ball to make an audacious 25 metre dash deep into the English half of the pitch. While eventually stopped, the home side would continue to press the attack and enjoyed numerous offensive phases of play against a stretched English defence. Despite the defence denying Scotland an urgently needed try, the relentless nature of the Scottish onslaught saw England's own discipline begin to erode. As a result Scotland were subsequently awarded a penalty kick, with Adam Hastings successfully shooting through the hoops to make the score line equal.
This parity would last for much of the second half, the weather continuing to disrupt the flow of play and lowering the chances further points being scored. However, with just over 10 minutes of the game remaining, England were able to finally score the vital try. A terrible error by Scottish full back Stuart Hogg, who fumbled the ball on his own try-line, led to England being awarded a scrum within metres of the line. A series of powerful carries soon followed, with a significant supporting drive by Maro Itoje enabling teammate Ellis Genge to smash past the defence to score. This converted try would then be followed by another three points minutes later as England capitalised upon poor Scottish discipline and were awarded another penalty kick. Although the home side were able to pick up three more points in the closing minutes, there was simply not enough time to catch up on the point deficit. As a result, this tightly fought meeting concluded with a narrow 13-6 win for England which makes them the winners of the Calcutta Cup for 2020 and supplants Scotland to fourth in the tournament rankings.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


HTML Card Examples - Twitter
Introduction
In the Concierge Visual Editor, users are able to create custom content for their concierge using the HTML card. There are many use cases, and this talks about just one.
Before you get started, you'll need:
 - A Concierge, with "Allow Javascript in Capacity response" enabled in its Settings under the "Other" tab
 - A public Twitter feed or single Tweet to use. It can be yours or a different (public) account.
 - A site to test the concierge. It can be a Capacity site, but you can't test in the console.
This article has three guides: how to embed a Twitter feed, how to embed a single Tweet, and how to embed a Twitter button.
How To Create the HTML Card
First, navigate to the Concierge 2.0 Visual Editor, in Settings > Concierges -> [Your Concierge] -> Concierge 2.0. If you don't see Settings in the Capacity web console, you'll need your organization's administrator to help.
Find the area you want to add the content, then click the plus button in the visual editor and select "HTML card".
Next, click the plus button that appears (not the one below the card) and add a section for HTML code.
How To Embed a Feed
If you'd like to embed a living, breathing Twitter feed, it's easy!
In the HTML code text field that appeared, paste the code found at this link:
_URL_
You'll likely want to change three values:
 - After "twitter.com/", add the handle for the feed you'd like to show
 - After "data-tweet-limit", add the number of Tweets you'd like to show. It's recommended that this number is less than 5.
 - Before the closing tag "", add a title. Possibly "Tweets by" and the Twitter handle. This is the title of the feed.
Be sure to save your concierge. Then, view it somewhere outside the console for an accurate view. A Capacity Site works.
That's it! See an example of the feed below.
How To Embed a Single Tweet
If your concierge users will be overwhelmed by a full feed, and you want them to just focus on a single post, consider this customization.
For this tutorial, you'll need to get the URL for your single Tweet. This is available by viewing the Tweet in a browser, and clicking the date next to the Tweet. In this case, we'll use a Capacity one from April 11th.
Copying the URL
Doing this should lead you to a URL like _URL_ Copy it.
Using the Publishing Tool
Once you have that, navigate to Twitter's official publishing tool. Scroll down and pick "Embedded Tweet".
Embedding
You'll see a popup. Add the URL you copied earlier, and click Preview.
You'll see the HTML that you need. Click "Copy Code".
Adding to the Concierge
Next, navigate back to the Capacity console, and paste that code inside your HTML Card's HTML code field. Then, be sure to save your concierge. Finally, view it somewhere outside the console to validate that it's functioning properly. A Capacity Site works. This is what it should look like, complete with buttons for liking, replying, copying a link, and reading more!
How to Embed a Twitter button
In a new tab, navigate to Twitter's official publishing tool. Paste in a Twitter account and click the arrow.
You'll see options for Follow or Mention buttons.
After selecting your button, you'll see the code. Copy it.
Then, navigate back to your concierge's settings, and paste your code into the HTML card in the HTML code section.
Be sure to save your concierge. Then, view it somewhere outside the console for an accurate view. A Capacity Site works.
That's it! See an example of the button below. The button and card can be styled even more with additional code.
Was this article helpful?


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Drag-and-drop interactions are a fantastic way to compel learners to lean forward and interact with the course content. They're one of the most versatile and engaging interactions because they can be used many different ways. Some common use cases include:
- Sorting activities where users drag and drop facts into different categories
- Practicing real-world skills by placing objects into certain positions
- Process activities that require learners to drag and drop steps into their correct order
- Navigation activities where users drag and drop objects to navigate from one slide to another
Challenge of the Week
This week, your challenge is to build and share a fresh drag-and-drop e-learning interaction. Drag and drops are always some of the most popular examples and downloads. Feel free to include your source file if you're able to share.
New Entries Only!
For this week's challenge, we're asking you only share new examples. You're welcome to rework an earlier example or come up with something entirely different.
Share Your E-Learning Work
- Comments: Use the comments section below to share a link to your published example and blog post.
- Forums: Start your own thread and share a link to your published example..
- Personal blog: If you have a blog, please consider writing about your challenges. We'll link back to your posts so the great work you're sharing gets even more exposure.
- Twitter: If you share your demos on Twitter, try using _TAG_ so your tweeps can track your e-learning coolness.
Last Week's Challenge:
Before you drop some sweet new interactions, check out the subtle animation effects your fellow course designers shared in last week's challenge
Wishing you a drag and droptastic week, E-Learning Heroes!
New to the E-Learning Challenges?
The weekly e-learning challenges are ongoing opportunities to learn, share, and build your e-learning portfolios. You can jump into any or all of the previous challenges anytime you want. I'll update the recap posts to include your demos.


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DHAKA: People with careers that expose them to bright or or artificial light, such as construction workers, fishermen, welders or actors, could be pre-treated with infrared light to reduce vision damage, say researchers.
A team at Australia's Vision Centre has found that treating eyes with gentle infrared light can help prevent the damage caused by subsequent exposure to bright light.
In their research, the researchers have shown that pre-treatment with near infrared light prevents a build-up of scar tissue in the retina causing subsequent harm to sight.
"There's a group of cells that look after our vision and work behind the scenes called Muller cells. They act to protect the retina by clearing toxins and inducing healing whenever there is injury to the vision cells.
"However, their protection is a double-edge sword for the eyes. When the retina comes under extreme stress, as when it is exposed to intensely bright light and loses a large number of vision cells, the Muller cells can overreact by multiplying and forming scar tissue behind the retina.
"We found that the treatment with mild NIR successfully inhibits the Muller cells from multiplying and forming scar tissue," the researchers said in a release.
Team leader Dr Krisztina Valter added: "Technically, our results showed that 670 nm light pretreatment ameliorates light induced changes in the expression of Muller-cell specific markers for structure, stress, metabolism and inflammation.
"Our findings indicate that it may be possible to pre-treat someone who knows that they will be exposed to bright lights and so reduce the potential damage it can cause."
BDST: 1000 HRS, JULY 02, 2012
Edited by: Quamrun Nahar Shumi, Newsroom Editor/Tania Afrin, Newsroom Editor
All rights reserved. Sale, redistribution or reproduction of information/photos/illustrations/video/audio contents on this website in any form without prior permission from banglanews24.com are strictly prohibited and liable to legal action.


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This week a team of scientists and technicians from the Carnegie Institution of Washington and the UNAVCO consortium are visiting MVO as part of their work for the Caribbean Andesitic Lava Island Precision Seismo-geodetic Observatory (CALIPSO) project. Funded by the National Science Foundation since 2002, CALIPSO adds to MVO's monitoring network with strainmeters and Global Positioning System (GPS) instruments at 4 locations around the volcano. MVO works collaboratively with multiple institutions through CALIPSO to maintain the equipment and to process and store the data. The CALIPSO team is here this week to conduct routine maintenance work on the equipment. Additionally, UNAVCO personnel are here to assist in installing two new GPS stations which will be operated collaboratively.
Strainmeters are highly-sensitive instruments that are usually installed in deep holes - about 200 metres underground - to measure strain. Strain is the measure of the expansion or contraction of rock. This can result from pressure changes due to the movement of magma or gas underground. When pressure builds up, the ground around the volcano can get squashed or expand. Strain measurements contribute to our understanding of the volcano's activity by recording the underground changes at several different locations. Other deformation monitoring techniques such as GPS and Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM) show how the volcano changes on the surface.
Pictured above is the station at Olveston, which houses a strainmeter, GPS device, and seismometer.


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The Latest Trend In Sand
Introduction: What is Polymeric Sand and How Does it Differ from Aquatic Soil?
Polymeric sand is a type of sand that is derived from the ground and has been processed to have a polymeric structure. This type of sand has been used in construction projects such as building dams, bridges, and other structures.
Aquatic soil, on the other hand, is a type of soil that can be found in bodies of water such as lakes, rivers, seas, and oceans. Aquatic soil typically consists of clay particles with organic matter in it.
Why Polymeric Sand?
Polymeric sand is a material that is made of polymer and sand. It is used in many different industries like construction, manufacturing, and engineering.
Polymeric sand has unique features that make it an excellent material for many applications. One of the most important features of polymeric sand is its ability to absorb water and air which makes it a convenient material for use on construction sites. The benefits of using polymeric sand are numerous because it can be used for many different things like absorbing water, providing traction, increasing load-bearing capacity, increasing the safety of structures, etc. Polymeric sand is very versatile and can be used for building and construction projects as well. It can be formulated in various colors, weights, types of grains, shapes, etc. Polymeric sand's primary uses are its ability to act as a filtering medium for contaminated or non-potable water, and its ability to support the weight of workers on a construction site. It is also used as a general-purpose shielding agent, as well as an abrasive material. It is commonly used in construction sites because it can be easily mixed with other cementitious and construction materials to form a solid mixture.
Why You Should Be Using Polymeric Sand for Future Projects
Polymeric sand is a type of sand that contains a polymer. It can be used for many different purposes, such as, but not limited to, concrete and mortar.
Polymeric sand is made from recycled materials and can be reused for many projects. It's also environmentally friendly and recyclable.
Polymeric sand has been used in the construction industry for decades now because it's lighter than normal concrete or mortar. That makes it easier to transport and less time-consuming to work with.
How to Choose the Best Shape and Size for Your Project
Polymeric sand is a type of sand that is used in polymer clay. The best shape and size for a project are determined by the project's needs. The polymer clay shapes and sizes can be found in the polymer clay makeup chart.
The best shape and size for a project depends on the specific needs of the project. For example, if you are making a piece of jewelry, you should use a molding tool with small round balls. However, if you are making something like an ornament or wall art, you should use a molding tool with larger round balls.
What to Avoid When Working with Polymer Sand
Some of the most common mistakes that people make when working with polymer sands are:
1. Mixing sands in the wrong order
2. Using too much water for mixing
3. Not using enough sand for mixing
4. Not wearing gloves when handling polymer sand
5. Mixing polymer sands too much
6. Not using proper ventilation
7. Working with polymer sands while they are still wet
8. Not wearing heavy-duty gloves when working with polymer sand
Garage door openers are a simple yet effective way to make your life easier. They open and close your garage door and help you to stay....
Garage door screens are designed to prevent insects and debris from entering a garage. They are mostly used as temporary solutions while....


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Traffic distribution with Atlassian Data Center
In this guide, we'll take you through the basics of traffic handling for Atlassian Data Center products.
This guide applies to clustered Data Center installations. Learn more about the different Data Center deployment options.
The load balancer you deploy with Data Center is a key component that allows you to manage traffic across the cluster to ensure application stability and an optimal user experience as usage increases. Load balancing serves three essential functions:
- Distributes traffic efficiently across multiple nodes
- Ensures high availability by sending traffic only to nodes that are online (requires health check monitoring)
- Facilitates adding or removing nodes based on demand
This article focuses on the first point and describes how using a load balancer for standard traffic distribution and more advanced traffic shaping helps you manage the performance of your application.
Data Center supports any software or hardware load balancer and requires "sticky sessions" to be enabled to bind a user to a single node during an entire session. This article assumes you're monitoring your application cluster.
Standard traffic distribution
When deployed with Data Center, your application runs on a cluster configuration consisting of two or more nodes connected to a load balancer, a shared database, and a shared file system:
In a basic configuration, each application node redundantly runs a copy of the application. So if you're running Jira Software 7.3.2, each node runs the same copy of Jira Software 7.3.2. Typically, these nodes don't communicate with each other and all data is stored in the shared database and file system connected to each node. The load balancer acts as the single point of entry into the cluster.
Load balancer operation
In the basic configuration, the load balancer distributes traffic across the cluster nodes to minimize response time and avoid overload of any single node. The general process is:
- A user's client attempts to connect to the application cluster via the load balancer.
- After accepting the connection, the load balancer selects the optimal destination application node and routes the connection to it.
- The application node accepts the connection and responds to the client via the load balancer.
- The client receives the response from the application node and continues all requests and activities with that same node, via the load balancer's sticky session configuration.
The process by which the load balancer selects the target application node is dependent on the algorithm that you decide to use based on the needs of your environment. Algorithms for selecting nodes include, but aren't limited to, round-robin polling, nodes with fewer connections, and nodes with lower CPU utilization. By efficiently balancing traffic across your cluster, the load balancer increases your application's capacity for concurrent users while maintaining its stability.
As you increase the number of nodes, you increase concurrent usage capacity. As an example, our internal load testing showed a nearly linear increase in concurrent user capacity using two-node and four-node clusters compared to a single Jira Software Server with the same response time:
Setup and sticky sessions
Atlassian doesn't recommend any particular load balancer or balancing algorithm, and you're free to choose whichever software or hardware solution best fits your environment. The only configuration requirement for Data Center applications is for sticky sessions, or session affinity, to be enabled on your load balancer. It guarantees that user requests and activities are bound to the same node during a session. In the event of a node failure and failover, users may have to log in to the application again.
Load Balancer Options
Popular software load balancers include HAProxy, Apache, and Nginx.
Popular hardware load balancer vendors include F5, Citrix, Cisco, VMWare, and Brocade.
You can find product-specific suggestions regarding load balancing configurations at the end of this article.
While standard operation of a load balancer helps you increase concurrency capacity, you can use the Data Center load balancer to take even more granular control using traffic shaping. Traffic shaping allows you to categorize and prioritize particular types of traffic and redirect that traffic to a specific node in your cluster.
For example, to achieve traffic shaping in a cluster with four nodes, you could dedicate the fourth node to receive only a particular type of traffic and then configure the load balancer to send all traffic of that type exclusively to the fourth node. The load balancer would distribute the remaining traffic among the other three nodes as described above. We've seen customers shape their traffic using Data Center in various ways including compartmentalizing API calls to one node and directing traffic from particular teams to specific nodes.
REST API traffic
An increasingly popular traffic shaping technique among our customers is to direct external REST API traffic to a dedicated node or a set of nodes.
As your application usage grows, you may find that many users are building their own services using the application REST API. They may be creating computationally intensive services to accomplish necessary tasks, such as automatically retrieving reports on a periodic basis. These potentially numerous external services can degrade application responsiveness, particularly during peak times when users are performing standard operations, such as filing and updating Jira Software tickets.
You can choose to either block users from this behavior or find a way to accommodate them. In the latter scenario, it may be challenging to rely on the users to take the necessary steps to develop or redevelop their services to reference a dedicated node. Therefore, a better solution is to configure the load balancer for traffic shaping.
To take advantage of traffic shaping, you will configure the load balancer to identify all external REST API traffic and send it to a dedicated node (or a set of nodes) that only handles REST API traffic. This ensures that the other application nodes in your cluster only need to service standard user requests and aren't slowed down by other services:
While we've only currently tested this traffic shaping technique with Jira Software, it can likely be applied to any Atlassian application using REST calls such as Bitbucket.
First, if one doesn't exist, you need to provision a dedicated node in your cluster that will handle all external REST API traffic. Nothing special needs to be done with the node as the load balancer will facilitate the shaping.
When configuring your load balancer to send REST API traffic to the dedicated node, it's important to identify only external REST API traffic. For example, Jira Software uses a lot of REST calls within itself, so identifying and redirecting all REST API traffic would impede the normal operation of the application.
Additionally, you don't want to redirect the REST API traffic that is hitting the login page. It would create a user session on the dedicated node and subsequent responses would go to other nodes where the user wouldn't have an initiated session. It's necessary to check the referrer and the requested path before redirecting REST API traffic.
Configure the load balancer to only direct REST API traffic with the following conditions:
- Referred externally from the application
- Not requesting the login page
For the four-node cluster setup, the configuration could look like this:
If referrer == app.yourdomain.com and the request ~ /rest: Direct traffic to Node 1 or Node 2 or Node 3 //normal traffic If referrer != app.yourdomain.com and the request ~ /rest: If the page requested == /login.jsp: Direct traffic to Node 1 or Node 2 or Node 3 //normal traffic Else: Direct to Node 4 //external REST API traffic
You may need to reboot the load balancer to apply the configuration that will shape your traffic. Test the configuration to ensure that it's working as expected.
The Elastic Load Balancer provided by Amazon Web Services uses its own traffic shaping policies, and you can't use the configuration mentioned above. To shape REST API traffic using AWS infrastructure, you'll need to run another software load balancer on AWS.
One of our customers recently implemented traffic shaping in their Jira Software Data Center:
- They saw four times the amount of traffic on their REST API node than their application nodes.
- Their application nodes experienced decreased CPU utilization relative to their single instance Jira deployment.
Load balancer setup
- Confluence Data Center load balancer configuration suggestions
- Jira Data Center load balancer examples
- Jira Data Center using NGINX Plus load balancer
- Bitbucket Data Center load balancer setup


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In its National Infrastructure Assessment, the Commission recommended that Ministers provide new powers and £43billion funding on top of current spending levels between now and 2040 to city leaders, including Metro Mayors, to develop long-term strategies for improving transport links. The Assessment also highlighted the need for these strategies to be unlocking job opportunities and delivering much-needed new homes.
Following the National Infrastructure Assessment, the Commission launched a partnership programme for cities and city regions across the country, to share knowledge and expertise and to help local leaders develop long-term strategies that link transport, housing and job opportunities.
On 11 September 2019 the Commission brought together metro mayors and city leaders from across the country for a Cities Summit to make the case for greater autonomy on transport decisions and longer-term funding. You can read Commission Chair Sir John Armitt's speech to the summit here and a short summary of the discussion.
Case studies of developing infrastructure strategies
Five cities and city regions have been selected to work with the Commission to benefit from expert advice as they develop strategies to improve local transport connections, unlock job opportunities and deliver much-needed new homes. The five cities and city regions will become case studies to demonstrate what cities across the country can do in this area, and of the difference that the long-term funding certainty recommended in the UK's first-ever National Infrastructure Assessment can make. The case study cities are:
- West Yorkshire Combined Authority
- Liverpool City Region
Knowledge sharing programme
The Commission is holding a series of knowledge sharing events to answer the important infrastructure questions at the forefront of city leaders' minds. These events are bringing together colleagues from a wide selection of cities, providing access to leading experts and cutting-edge ideas on these questions. Each event is focusing on a specific topic, providing an opportunity for cities that have already achieved success in that area to share their experience of how they tackled the problem and why it worked.
The events are taking place across England, from the North East down to the South West, and started by looking at the fundamentals of designing an effective infrastructure plan, covering some of the key strategic and economic considerations needed to underpin any successful integrated planning work. Below are links to summaries of those which have already taken place:


Fernande Meaning in English, Fernande Baby Name Origin Gender Meaning Pronunciation
Does Fernande Baby Name seem like an intriguing name for your baby? Learn Fernande Name Meaning in English, its origin and which gender Fernande Baby Name is most suitable for. Check through our list of names that are related to the name Fernande, names similar to Fernande and sibling names of Fernande. Also, read through a detailed numerology report for the name Fernande.
Baby Image
French feminine form of FERDINAND.
Related Fernande Baby Names
Fernanda, Fernando, Fernand
Sibling Names
Madison, Taylor, Alexis, Olivia, Brianna, Savannah, Kennedy, Abigail, Ashlyn, Alyssa, Aubrey, Bailey, Ethan, Gavin, Jackson, Austin, Jayden, Mason, Logan, Jacob, Brayden, Hunter, Christian, Brandon


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Great Britain Historical Geographical Information System (GBHGIS)
2. hearth tax, 1664: surrey
The Hearth Tax returns of the 1660s and 1670s are another important historical source. It was levied twice a year at Lady Day and Michaelmas and was based on taxing each hearth at a rate of 2 shillings a year payable in two instalments. In collaboration with Prof. Margaret Spufford and Dr. Susan Rose of the Hearth Tax Centre at the Roehampton Institute, London we have been attempting to systematically map the Hearth Tax at parish level.
This work is still at an early stage but below we have an example of the location of one hearth households in Surrey on Lady Day, 1664. In this case all the data have been assigned to parishes, largely as a result of work done at the Roehampton Institute. On the map Southwark is unshaded as it was treated differently from the rest of the county, the other unshaded areas have no data as a result of damage to the original manuscript.
Having only one hearth was seen as a sign of relative poverty, this map therefore suggests that the area near London was relatively affluent while the areas further away, particularly in the south west of the county were relatively impoverished.


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Some of you may remember Dr. Mason at BYU, and some of you may have had him for a class or two (I had him for three classes...). There was one problem in particular that I remember solving in his quantum mechanics class. It went something like this:
Q: Figure out how slow a 75 kg pig needs to be going in order for it to diffract by a minimum of 1 meter through a door way 1 meter wide into a 10 meter wide room.
I will now solve this problem and demonstrate why pigs do not diffract through doorways.
First we have to find the de Broglie wavelength (Note: de Broglie is pronounced "duh Broy" not "Dee Brog-lee-ay" as I learned from a certain Belgian professor). Knowing the width of the slit (the door) and the distance the pig travels (10 m) before it is observed (hits the opposite wall), we can solve for the wavelength of the pig as it diffracts into the room. First we use simple trigonometry to find the angle of diffraction:


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Aging Characteristics of Bitumen from Different Bituminous Pavement Structures in Service
AbstractThe aging of bitumen seriously affects the service life of bituminous pavements. At present, there are many related researches on bitumen aging, but most of them focus on aging endured in indoor surroundings and conditions. Therefore, the conclusions obtained cannot reflect the actual aging changes of bitumen in bituminous pavements in service. In order to study the comprehensive aging process and mechanism of bitumen under the influence of service, we studied bridge deck, traffic lane, and ramp with bituminous pavement structures in service. The bitumen samples obtained from the core samples in different bituminous pavement structures were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), and fluorescence microscope (FM). The aging degree of different bitumen was analyzed, and conclusions were drawn on changes to bitumen aging from different pavement structures. The results showed that the aging degree of bitumen from the upper layer was the most serious, the aging degree of bitumen at the middle layer was weaker than that of bitumen from the upper layer, and the aging degree of bitumen from the bottom layer was the weakest for the different bituminous pavement structures. The aging of bitumen mainly occurred due to oxygen absorption. After aging, viscoelastic components of bitumen changed, and bitumen became harder. The macromolecule of bitumen could be divided into small molecules, and the small molecular weight of bitumen became large. The styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modifier in the modified bitumen became granular after aging, and it appeared as a single phase in bitumen. The aging changes characterized by different analytical methods showed that the aging degree of bitumen from different layers of bituminous pavement structures in service was different. Effective measures should therefore be taken in time to decrease further aging of bitumen from the upper layer of bituminous pavements due to its inevitable early aging in service. View Full-Text
Share & Cite This Article
Wang, X.; Guo, H.; Yang, B.; Chang, X.; Wan, C.; Wang, Z. Aging Characteristics of Bitumen from Different Bituminous Pavement Structures in Service. Materials 2019, 12, 530.
Wang X, Guo H, Yang B, Chang X, Wan C, Wang Z. Aging Characteristics of Bitumen from Different Bituminous Pavement Structures in Service. Materials. 2019; 12(3):_URL_ Style
Wang, Xiaofeng; Guo, Haoyan; Yang, Bo; Chang, Xingwen; Wan, Chenguang; Wang, Zhenjun. 2019. "Aging Characteristics of Bitumen from Different Bituminous Pavement Structures in Service." Materials 12, no. 3: 530.
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.


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Advantages of a Multicultural Workforce
This article describes breaking traditional mindsets and explains advantages to a multicultural workforce.
The Advantages of a Multi-cultural workforce
The history of the United States of America is the concept of freedom from the tyranny of a domineering person, political, and religious system. Whereas, this basic fact may be true and a dominate thread in the fabric of the country, there are other contradictory strands, racial stereotypes, and ethnic prejudices also woven within the fabric of this country. These contradictory strands, stereotypes, and prejudices have held the minds of the holders of the Constitution in limbo during the country's timeline.
Ethnic Stereotypes and Perceptions
Enduring prejudice during the history of the United States, and carrying stereotypes is common to the groups chosen in the matrix. The Polish person endures ridicule as simple and ordinary for years. The perception of the Germans are ruthless, mean spirited, and anti Semitic because of World War II. Many classes of white America view African Americans still as slaves, only temporarily free whose only contribution is athletics.
Native Americans are to this day looked at as accepted only as the leftover trash of American expansion. Hispanic Mexicans carry the classification of migrant workers and a lowwage labor only workforce. Vietnamese identify as frugal, cheap, and culprits to the spread of Hepatitis B. Prevalent stereotypes and prejudices are both racial and ethnic to these groups.
As stated, the transformation in America has not been overnight. It has most certainly not been free of incident, as the history of each of these ethnic groups show in the passage of time. With the beginning of the 21st century, America most certainly is becoming a multi-cultural society.
The advantages of a multi-cultural society are vast and have shaped this country. There are hundreds of ethnic groups within the borders of the United States. These ethnic groups each have a distinct culture; most enjoy close family, warmth, and intimacy, each group possessing a distinct personality. The freedom to immigrate has been a constant ingredient to the fabric of the United States woven blend since the 17th century, which is producing this nation's multicultural society with these specific groups as well as others.
Thinking Patterns of U.S. Culture
Since the early 1980s, the United States is witnessing the migration of production facilities to lower waging countries such as Mexico and most recently China. This transformation of the American economy permits a more diverse culture of American labor in competition for the fewer employment opportunities, which remain. A multicultural workforce can benefit in the following ways,
- Customer Service
- Expanding the Market
- Image of the Organization
- Generating Ideas
A multi-cultural labor force will enhance customer service with the ability to communicate effectively with customers, vendors, and potential clients. From a marketing standpoint, a multicultural workforce can help an organization to branch out and connect with potential prospects to the given individuals workers culture. A multicultural workforce enhances the vision of the organization of the workers they employ by incorporating the workers thoughts and creativity. Last, a multicultural workforce will generate new ideas in creating a strong foundation to the organization and ultimately the country.
Multi-culturism is an evolving theory, science, and mindset within the borders of The United States. Hiring individuals from diverse backgrounds can yield tremendous benefits. The United States Department of Labor forbids the excessive hiring of any racial group to benefit any organization.
Globally speaking, these laws do not apply. Facets of society must embrace change as this country evolves and humanity develops a global entrepreneurial attitude. The expansion of the global market brings increasing pressure for countries, companies, and individuals to modify and embrace the transformation taking place. It is a process in the making for the last 300 years. History shows those who refuse to change, the system eliminates or replaces with those who accept the change.


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You can insert a picture behind any Excel chart.
To create a static four quadrant background you will need to insert a picture into the chart. For this example I created a picture in a drawing program showing four quadrants, each quadrant a different color. Since the upper right was a positive outcome I chose green. The lower left was a risk quadrant so I chose pale red.
Next week's newsletter describes how to create a Four Quadrant – Matrix Model where the background matrix can resize itself when mid-points change. This is very useful for example if you want quadrants to show above or below average. Watch for the article, How to Create a Dynamic Four Quadrant Matrix Model with a Combination Bubble and Column Excel Chart
Pictures can be inserted as backgrounds behind an entire chart or behind the Plot Area. In this case, we want the quadrants to align with chart axis and mid-points so it is inserted in the Plot Area. To do this,
1. Use a drawing program to create equally spaced quadrants with the colors you need. (I've included a sample you can download as well as an Excel file showing quadrants you can color and then save.) Save the file as a JPG or PNG file.
2. Select the Excel Plot Area by clicking in it so the four handles appear at each corner of the area enclosing the balloon chart. You can also select anywhere in the chart, click the Format tab and then look for the chart element selector at the far left on the ribbon.
3. Right-click the edge of the Plot Area and select Format Plot Area.
4. Select Fill, then the Picture or Fill option. Use the Insert File button to insert the graphic file from disk.
The picture will extend to the farthest edges of the Plot Area. If you did not scale your chart's data and limit the X and Y axis to 100, then the mid-point for the quadrants will misalign with the mid-point of the data and axis.
Download an Excel worksheet with four color matrix you can change colors with.


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March 05, 2012
Obviously, keeping the kids entertained is one of the top priorities at any good children's party. You need a craft that is interesting and new, but not too complicated for them to handle with minimal help. For this week's Ballet Party theme, we've found a craft that meets all these needs. I recommend it for agest 5 and up, although you could do younger if you have some moms to help out.
You will need:
Step 1: Paint hair, a leotard, and a face on your clothespin. If the kids are doing this, you might just want to get some vibrant paint pens or markers. It will make cleanup easier.
Step 2: Take a drinking glass and create a "donut" template on your cardboard. Cut out two identical cardboard circles for each ballerina. I used a cereal box out of the recycling bin for this – it was sturdy enough for the craft, but still easy to cut through.
Step 3: Place both "donuts" together, and wrap with yarn until covered. If you want to make a striped or ombre skirt, consider changing yarn colors partway through.
Step 4. Insert your painted clothespin into the center of the yarn-wrapped donuts. Using sharp scissors, cut the yard around the edges of the two cardboard donuts.
Step 5: Gently separate the two donuts – moving one towards the ballerina's face and the other towards her feet. Tie a length of yarn firmly around the ballerina's waist (between the two separated cardboard donuts).
Step 6: Fully slide the donuts off of the ballerina. Fluff the tutu, trim any loose yarn pieces, and start playing!
December 29, 2021


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The Importance of an Accurate Temperature in a Commercial Oven
Commercial Oven
Anyone who works in a restaurant or other large kitchen understands the critical need for a consistent and accurate temperature in the establishment's commercial ovens. Maintaining the proper temperature can be tricky, however, if you do not utilize quality, restaurant-grade equipment. Here are some other facts to help you understand the importance of maintaining accurate temperatures in a commercial setting:
The control process
First, it is necessary to understand the basics of the process. Kitchen ovens – even the best commercial ones – use a very simple on/off temperature control scheme. The oven is set to a particular temperature – 350°F – for example. Once the internal temperature reaches that level or slightly above, an internal thermostat turns the heat off. Later, when the internal temperature falls below the preset level, the heat is tuned back on. This process results in a temperature oscillation around the 350°F level rather than a completely steady one.
Features of commercial ovens
In general, commercial ovens are larger in size and greater durability that allows them to handle far more food over a much longer useful life than ovens typically found in the home. In addition, commercial ovens have a number of extra features that allow them to cook more safely and more economically. In particular, they heat faster and to a higher temperature, they are better insulated to keep the heat in and they often utilize steam absorbents to keep fresh foods crisper while being cooked. Finally, they are usually highly energy efficient to help keep utility costs down.
Natural versus "forced" convection
A final, vitally important difference between home and commercial grade ovens is the way that heat is transferred to the food. In an electric home oven, a current is passed through a coil at the bottom of the oven causing the coil to heat up. The air around the coil then heats up and naturally rises up to where the food is located. A commercial electric oven, however, has a heat coil located at the back of the oven and a fan behind the coil. As the coil heats that fan forces the air towards the food. The latter is a much more efficient process that maintains a more consistent temperature.
If you would like your commercial oven checked for accurate heating, or any other issue, please contact us online at _URL_ or reach us directly at _PHONE_.


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In the world of gastronomy, chefs and food innovators are constantly seeking new ways to tantalize the palate and create memorable dining experiences. One such innovation that has taken the culinary world by storm is the incorporation of menthol and cooling agent flavors into dishes and beverages. Beyond their traditional associations with medicinal and confectionery products, these cooling sensations have become the architects of a sensory symphony, harmonizing taste and temperature in unexpected and delightful ways.
Menthol, a natural compound found in mint plants, has long been celebrated for its cool and refreshing qualities. Traditionally, it has been associated with throat lozenges and minty gums. However, today's culinary pioneers have harnessed menthol's PG VG potential to elevate their creations. Imagine savoring a delicate watermelon and cucumber salad, enlivened by a gentle menthol infusion that caresses your taste buds with each bite. This is just one example of how menthol can transform a dish into a tantalizing sensory experience.
Yet menthol is only the beginning of this flavor revolution. Synthetic cooling agents like WS-3 and WS-23 have opened up a world of creative possibilities. These compounds replicate the cooling effect of menthol without imparting a minty flavor, providing chefs with a versatile palette to craft unique culinary expressions. From cocktails that deliver a refreshing chill with every sip to desserts that surprise and delight with their cooling contrasts, these cooling agents have become essential tools in the modern culinary arsenal.
The allure of menthol and cooling agent flavors extends beyond taste alone. These sensations engage multiple senses, creating a multisensory experience that leaves diners both invigorated and satisfied. The cooling effect doesn't just awaken the taste buds; it elicits a physical response akin to a gentle breeze on a warm summer day, making each bite or sip an immersive journey.
Mixologists and bartenders have also embraced this trend, pushing the boundaries of cocktail culture by incorporating menthol and cooling agents into their libations. Whether it's a smoky mezcal cocktail with a menthol twist or a tropical concoction with a frosty finish, these beverages challenge traditional notions of flavor and refreshment.
However, achieving the perfect balance when working with menthol and cooling agents is an art. Chefs and mixologists must exercise restraint to avoid overwhelming diners with excessive cooling effects. It's also crucial to consider the preferences and sensitivities of guests to ensure that the experience is enjoyable for all.
In conclusion, menthol and cooling agent flavors have emerged as a groundbreaking trend in the culinary world. From savory dishes to desserts and cocktails, these ingredients offer a vast canvas for culinary creativity. As chefs and food scientists continue to explore the boundaries of taste and temperature, menthol and cooling agents promise to play a prominent role in shaping the future of gastronomy. So, the next time you embark on a culinary adventure, be prepared for a sensational symphony of taste and temperature that will redefine your dining experience.


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Machine Learning Assisted Synthesis of Metal-Organic Nanocapsules
Herein, we report the successful discovery of a new hierarchical structure of metal-organic nanocapsules (MONCs) by integrating chemical intuition and machine learning algorithms. By training datasets from a set of both succeeded and failed experiments, we studied the crystallization propensity of metal-organic nanocapsules (MONCs). Among four machine learning models, XGB model affords the highest prediction accuracy of 91%. The derived chemical feature scores and chemical hypothesis from the XGB model assist to identify proper synthesis parameters showing superior performance to a well-trained chemist. This paper will shed light on the discovery of new crystalline inorganic-organic hybrid materials guided by machine learning algorithms.


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Home » Shop » 2013 – Case study of risk assessment for dam safety management decision-making in Korea
Jeong Yeul, Lim
For various historical reasons and some technical reasons, the safety of dams has been evaluated using an engineering standards-based approach, which was developed over many years. It was used initially for the design of new dams, but increasingly has been applied over the past few decades to assess the safety of existing dams. Some countries have carried out risk assessments of existing dams that included both the structural and hydraulic safety of the dam and social risk. These methods developed by other countries could be adapted to assist in decision-making for dam safety management. Unfortunately, methods for risk assessment of dams were not established in Korea. This study outlines a beginning risk analysis for structural safety management. The first stage consisted of research on the present domestic dam safety guidelines and reviewing operations for management systems of dam safety abroad. Also, dam risk analysis requires reliable data on dam failure, past construction history and management records of existing dams. A suitable risk analysis method of dams for structural safety management in Korea is use of event tree, fault tree and conditioning indexes methods. A pilot risk assessment was carried out for two dams. The dam risk assessment process was thus established, and we learned the importance of risk assessment. The future includes additional research and risk analysis to develop the system.
ANCOLD is an incorporated voluntary association of organisations and individual professionals with an interest in dams in Australia.


The other Princess of Cambridge
If Kate Middleton has a baby girl, she won't be the first to be a Princess of Cambridge. Princess Mary Adelaide Wilhelmina Elizabeth of Cambridge, born in 1833, also held the title. She shared the title with her older sister, Princess Augusta, who was born in 1822.
They were the daughters of Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge and Princess Augusta of Hesse-Cassel, as well as being the granddaughters of King George III. The former Duke and Duchess of Cambridge also had a son named George, who was styled similarly to his sisters until he inherited the dukedom on his father's death. The siblings grew up in Hanover where their father served as the kingdom's viceroy in lieu of King George VI and King William IV.
William and Kate
All of William and Kate's children will be Princes and Princesses of Cambridge
Of the two girls, Mary was the most colourful. Like Princess Diana, she was affectionately known as the 'People's Princess', and was one of the earliest royals to support a wide range of charitable organisations, much like Kate herself.
Unfortunately for Mary, she was predisposed to weight gain, earning her the nickname 'Fat Mary'. She had a large build, which she enjoyed draping in fine fabrics and jewellery.
She did not marry until the age of 33, remaining single for a long time, reportedly due to her unattractive appearance, lack of income and advanced age. Her royal rank meant she had to marry someone of royal blood.
Princess Mary
Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge loved food and jewels in equal measure
She married Prince Franz of Teck in June 1866 in Kew, Surrey. The Prince was of lower rank than Mary and had no succession rights to the throne of Württemberg, but he had royal blood nonetheless. They became the Duke and Duchess of Teck.
The couple had four children: Princess Mary, Prince Adolphus, Prince Francis, and Prince Alexander. Mary became the wife of George V and was the grandmother of the current Queen.
Queen Mary
Her eldest daughter Mary married George V and was the current Queen's grandmother
Mary Adelaide and her husband lived in London in some style. Despite a generous grant from Parliament for carrying out royal duties, they tended to live beyond their means, throwing lavish parties and splurging their money on extravagant clothing. They soon built up large debts and were forced to flee into exile in 1883 to avoid their creditors. They stayed with relatives in Germany and Austria and hid out in Florence, Italy.
The family returned from exile in 1885 to their residence at White Lodge in Richmond Park. Queen Victoria was fond of the eldest daughter of the family, Princess Mary, also known as Princess May. She became engaged to Prince Albert Victor, also known as Eddy, who was Victoria's grandson and second in line to the British throne. The eldest son of Prince Edward VII and his wife Alexandra, he suddenly died of pneumonia at the age of 28. Queen Victoria persuaded his brother, Prince George to marry her instead.
Princess Mary Adelaide died in October 1897 at her home in Richmond Park. After Queen Victoria's death in 1901, Edward VII became King and George was made Prince of Wales. After his father's death in 1910, George and Mary were crowned.
Princess Augusta
Mary Adelaide's sister Princess Augusta of Cambridge who died in 1916
In line with royal tradition, Mary Adelaide's great-great-great-grandson Prince William was granted the Dukedom of Cambridge on his marriage in 2011.
William's uncles both received titles on their wedding days. Prince Andrew became the Duke of York, while Prince Edward as a younger son was created the Earl of Wessex, a lower rank. Should Prince Harry wed, he is likely to receive a peerage too.


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Implementation of new dosing system
We have developed together with various partners a method for identifying and examining important process parameters. Ninix Technologies implemented this method for its dosing system and moulding processes. This reduces the risk of air bubbles in the moulding mass, which could otherwise lead to reduced sensor performances. Tests with a new (volumetric) pump system generated positive results with a 75% reduction of the required time for maintenance works. The new pump system clearly contributes to the objective to double the production capacity and optimise the moulding processes. It helps to prevent flaws such as adhesion problems with the electronics or sensor housing or problems with air bubbles in the epoxy. These flaws could cause damage to the sensor if applied in harsh environmental conditions.


Piping > Piping > Manufacturing > Pipe Fabrication > Cutting Pipe Pieces > To Cut a Pipe at a Specified Location Using a Plane Reference
To Cut a Pipe at a Specified Location Using a Plane Reference
Use the following procedure to insert a cut at a defined distance from a specified plane and generate a weld attribute.
1. Click Cut. The Cut Pipe dialog box opens.
2. Under Piece Cutting Options, single cut is selected by default. If it is not, select it.
3. Select an approximate location on the pipe segment in which you want to insert a cut. The pipeline label is displayed under Select Pipe Segment as read-only information.
4. Under Cut Placement Options, select the plane reference option .
5. Select a planar hull structural surface or datum plane that is perpendicular to the pipe segment. The name of the reference is displayed in the box under Dimension.
*
Spec-Driven Piping does not allow you to select referenced planar hull structural surface or datum planes that are not perpendicular to the pipe segment in which you are inserting the cut.
6. Use the thumb wheel to position the cut location along the pipe segment or enter an explicit distance directly in the input panel.
7. To insert a joint fitting at the cut, under Miscellaneous Options, select Joint Fitting and specify the joint fitting name. The default is no joint fitting.
The Bolt Nut Code box displays a default bolt nut code assigned to that fitting. You can change this code by selecting from the list.
8. Under Weld Type, the Field option is selected by default. If it is not, select it to assign a field weld attribute to this cut.
9. To insert the cut, do one of the following:
Click OK to insert a cut at the defined location, generate the specified weld attribute, and close the Cut Pipe dialog box.
or
Click Apply to insert a cut at the defined location, generate the specified weld attribute, and then continue inserting cuts with the Cut Pipe dialog box.


Class Overview 6.18.07
Updated Fri, Jan 02, 2009 by Savanja
The Classes of EverQuest II
This is an overview of the classes currently available in EQ2. The class you choose, will have a hand in which races and starting cities are available to you, so choose wisely!
Each class is listed below along with their in-game description.
Good Aligned Classes
These classes may be utilized with good aligned races and will start in either Qeynos or Kelethin.
Templar: Templars use divine power to mend the wounded and cure the suffering of the afflicted. They can enhance the fortitude of their allies while making their opponents more vulnerable to attacks. Templars can pacify foes, nullifying their normal combat attacks for a short time.
Illusionist: Illusionists employ subtlety and distraction to impose their will upon the enemy. Using their mental acuity to confuse, misdirect, and subdue their opponents, Illusionists can bring order to an otherwise chaotic environment while bestowing beneficial enchantments upon their allies.
Monk: The Monk is a spiritual combatant who believes in the philosophy of mind-over-body. This mastery of physical prowess allows Monks to hasten their formidable attacks, purge their bodies of ailments, move invisibly past their enemies, and even fool opponents into believing them dead.
Paladin: The epitome of honor and valor, Paladins excel in martial combat while employing divine magic to enhance their abilities and strike down their enemies. By invoking both protective and healing magic, the Paladin can often survive battles that would crumble those of lesser resolve.
Ranger: Rangers are unrivaled in their ability to hunt foes and scout dangers in the untamed wilds of Norrath. Known for sneaking safely through dangerous territory, Rangers use stealth, perception, and cunning to seek out enemies and fell them from a distance with a deadly volley of arrows.
Swashbuckler: The Swashbuckler is a dashing rogue known for flamboyant acts and grandiose accomplishments. Using cunning and skill, Swashbucklers inflict devastating attacks against foes before slipping into the shadows. Masters of misdirection, Swashbucklers often avoid the blame for their potent strikes.
Mystic: The Mystic is a shaman of spiritual preservation and enlightenment. Mystics are known for their powerful warding spells that protect allies from harm. The Mystic can enhance the party's attributes and provide magical protection in combat while inflicting debilitating weakness upon the enemy.
Conjurer: Though possessing many potent abilities, the greatest weapons in the Conjurer's arsenal are the powerful elemental minions summoned forth to do their bidding. These dutiful servants obey their master's every command, whether ordered to stand guard or launch attacks against the Conjurer's foes.
Neutral Classes
These classes will work in combination with any race and any starting city.
Troubador: Troubadors inspire and protect their companions with songs of bravery and heroism. By infusing music with magic, Troubadors enbolden their allies into performing outstanding feats of courage against their opponents. The Troubador's songs are particularly popular with the spellcasters.
Dirge: Dirges play songs of despair, misery, and lamentation that invoke intense fury and aggression within the hearts of their allies. The Dirge can use music to inflict great despair and longing in enemies, demoralizing them so completely that their abilities are significantly diminished.
Fury: Embodying the primal forces of nature, the Fury is equally capable of both defense and destruction. In addition to regenerative healing, Furies can enhance the physical attributes and mystical might of their allies, making the attacks of their party members even more formidable.
Warden: Wardens invoke their druidic powers to mend wounds and purge disease and poison from their allies. While Wardens excel in regenerative healing, they can command the forces of nature against their foes. They can change shape, imbuing themselves and their allies with the form of the great wolf.
Wizard: The Wizard can unleash the purest forms of destruction by harnessing the arcane magics of fire and ice. Channelling the full force of these elements into deadly focus, no other type of mage is able to match the Wizard's ability to inflict such great devastation upon a single target.
Warlock: Warlocks are masters of death and decay who channel the forces of poison and disease to bring untimely end to their enemies. By invoking these dark powers and unleashing destruction all around them, Warlocks can deal devastating damage against multiple opponents at once.
Guardian: The Guardian is the anchor of any group of adventurers, providing leadership and protection for their allies. Combining durable armor with an impressive array of defensive skills, Guardians can remain standing after absorbing substantial amounts of physical damage from their enemies.
Berserker: The Berserker is the personification of unbridled aggression and fury. They are fearsome opponents, especially when facing many foes at once. Berserkers stand at the forefront of battle, unleashing their devastating rage upon the enemy while keeping unwanted attention away from their allies.
Evil Aligned Classes
These classes may be utilized with evil aligned races and will start in either Freeport or Neriak.
Inquisitor: Capable of serving as the cornerstone of any adventuring party, the Inquisitor can heal wounds and purge ailments such as disease and poison. Inquisitors invoke divine strikes against their opponents and retaliate with unyielding conviction against those that dare to harm their allies.
Coercer: The Coercer is capable of subduing enemies, sending them into a paralyzing state of fascination of causing them to flee in uncontrollable terror. Masters of domination, Coercers can subjugate the mind of another, taking complete control and forcing an unwitting creature to do their bidding.
Bruiser: Bruisers are relentless juggernauts of strength and intimidation who have transformed their bodies into vicious weapons to inflict pain and suffering upon their enemies. Masters of physical combat, Bruisers rely upon deflection and agility to avoid attacks as they brutalize their foes.
Assassin: The Assassin is the master of sinister strikes and opportunistic attacks. Exceptionally skilled at surprising unwitting opponents, they strike suddenly and inflict massive damage. Assassins are known for using deadly poisons to debilitate their targets before finishing them off.
Brigand: Brigands are crafty rogues who employ intimidation and force to subdue their enemies. The Brigand maintains an element of unpredictability to arouse discomfort, fear, and confusion in an opponent. Strikes from a Brigand will often leave a foe crippled and vulnerable to further attacks.
Shadowknight: Shadowknights are malevolent crusaders who wreak fear, hate, and despair upon all who would oppose them. In addition to their formidable martial skills, Shadowknights conjure dark magic with which they can enhance their abilities and drain away the life force of their enemies.
Defiler: The Defiler is a shaman of corruption and spiritual enslavement. A powerful ally, Defilers are able to mend wounds and remove ailments from the afflicted. Fearsome in battle, the Defiler employs ancient rituals of dark power to sicken, harm, and reduce the fighting prowess of the enemy.
Necromancer: The Necromancer is the unholy master of death and decay. Dominating the unliving, Necromancers summon forth undead servants that attack their opponents without fear or hesitation. Necromancers employ dark arcane magic that weakens the enemy as they drain away its life force.
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What does TIG mean in London Stock Exchange?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand TIG in the Business field in general and in the London Stock Exchange terminology in particular.
Find a translation for TIG in other languages:
Select another language:
What does TIG mean?
- tag, the children's game.
Discuss this TIG abbreviation with the community:
Use the citation below to add this abbreviation to your bibliography:
TIG also stands for:
- Technology Initiative Grants
- Technology Integration Group
- Teenagers Into God
- Term Information Group
- Tetanus Immune Globulin
... and 20 more »


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Bill Clancey (Chief Scientist, Human-Centered Computing) has been selected for Fellow status in the Association of Psychological Science (APS) in recognition of his sustained and outstanding contributions to the advancement of psychological science.
Clancey has been active in cognitive science since the 1970s. His journal articles include "Heuristic classification," "Simulating activities: Relating motives, deliberation, and attentive coordination," "Roles for agent assistants in field science: Understanding personal projects and collaboration," and "Automating CAPCOM: Pragmatic operations and technology research for human exploration of Mars." His seven books include Situated Cognition: On Human Knowledge and Computer Representations and (in review) Voyages of Scientific Discovery with the Mars Exploration Rovers.
BACKGROUND: APS is a professional international organization dedicated to increasing support for psychological research and the use of science-based psychology in the development of public policy. The APS seeks today to promote convergence of schools of thought—including studies of people in the social world, mental systems of cognition and emotion, and biological mechanisms—to yield an integrated psychological science.
NASA PROGRAM FUNDING: JSC-ARC ITA; V&VFCS/Aviation Safety Program
Contact: William J. Clancey


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By "compatible" I mean, if $R$ is my relation and $+$ my operation, then if $aRb$ and $cRd$, then $(a+c)R(b+d)$. For an congruence relation this is claimed, but also that $R$ must be an equivalence relation, but there are relations, like $<$ that fulfill the first statement, but are not equivalence relation's. Are there any terms for such relations and are they studied in mathematics?
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You have chosen the right word, compatible is a standard technical term for the notion. – André Nicolas Feb 1 '13 at 19:33
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...are they studied in mathematics?
Considering a functional relation $R$, the compatability says, in functional notation: $R(a+c)=R(a)+R(c)$. In other words, the function preserves that operation. Of course we study examples of such relations all the time whenever we are looking at homomorphisms!
If you're asking if relations in general are studied this way, then maybe so. While searhing I came across a paper by Saunders MacLane which looks like a relevant example:
He talks about regarding a homomorphism of things in a category with an operation $S\rightarrow B/L$ instead as a "many valued function" from $S$ into $B$ (that is, every pre-image is related to the multiple things in the coset of the image). It remains "compatible", but is no longer a true function.
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Another way to look at R preserves the operation is that it commutes with it. But is this the same setup as the OP's? $aRb \wedge cRd \to (a+c)R(b+d)$ versus $R(a+b)=R(a)+R(b)$? There are obvious distinctions such as the number of arguments, implication versus equality, and also in the first case there is a conjunction and $+$, while in the latter only $+$ operator. – alancalvitti Feb 2 '13 at 2:13
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