text:
A pot culture was carried out with Oryza sativa L. vari-Co-39, to investigate the effects of supplementary calcium chloride on plants grown at NaCl (50mM) concentration. Treatments were: (1) Control: nutrient solution alone (C); (2) nutrient solution plus 50mM sodium chloride (NaCl); (3) nutrient solution plus 10mM calcium chloride (CaCl2); (4) nutrient solution plus 15mM calcium chloride (CaCl2); (5) nutrient solution and 50 mM NaCl plus supplementary 10 mM CaCl2 (NaCl + CaCl2); and (6) 50 mM NaCl plus additional mixture of 15 mM CaCl2 in nutrient solution (NaCl + CaCl2). The plants grown under salt stress produced low dry weight and relative water content than those grown in standard nutrient solution and in CaCl2 alone. Supplemental calcium chloride added to nutrient solution containing salt significantly improved growth and relative water content. Membrane permeability increased with high NaCl application and these increases in root membrane permeability were decreased with supplementary Ca. The concentration of chloride (Cl) increases highly for all treatments. Sodium (Na) concentration in plant tissues increased in both shoots and roots at high NaCl treatment. Application of supplementary Ca lowered Na concentration. Concentrations of Ca. K and N were at deficient ranges in the plants grown at high NaCl levels and these deficiencies were corrected by supplementary Ca. The ameliorating effect of Ca on growth and physiological variables could reduce the negative effect of salinity of Oryza sativa L., plants.
International Letters of Natural Sciences (Volume 8)
D. Anbu and S. Sivasankaramoorthy, "Ameliorative Effect of CaCl2 on Growth, Membrane Permeability and Nutrient Uptake in Oryzasativa Grown at High NaCl Salinity", International Letters of Natural Sciences, Vol. 8, pp. 14-22, 2014


text:
Maximo provides a facility whereby unlimited text may be associated with an attribute. This text…
Ever tried to connect your Maximo system with an external secured URL? By default, WebSphere is designed not to trust secured external URLs. It will only allow the connection if an administrator specifically instructs WebSphere to do so by importing the certificate into its Trust Store.
Here are some examples of where this may be useful:
- Connection to a GIS REST service for integrating GIS data with Maximo
- Connection to a secured Office 365 Email server
- Connection to a financial system, such as SAP, that uses secured APIs to communicate
- Connection to an SMS service for texting users when certain system events occur
… and there are many more.
Here is the message you may encounter:
BMXAA1477E - The connection failed to the HTTP handler for the endpoint. Review the error and server log files for information to indicate the cause of the issue, for example, incorrect properties in the DefaultHTTPExit.java handler class.
com.ibm.jsse2.util.j: PKIX path building failed: java.security.cert.CertPathBuilderException: PKIXCertPathBuilderImpl could not build a valid CertPath.; internal cause is:
java.security.cert.CertPathValidatorException: The certificate issued by CN=GlobalSign, O=GlobalSign, OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R2 is not trusted; internal cause is:
java.security.cert.CertPathValidatorException: Certificate chaining
Look familiar? Let's fix it.
- Log into WebSphere as an administrative user.
- Click on the Security > SSL Certificate and Key Management link in the left navigation pane.
- Click on the Related Items > Key stores and certificates link on the right side of the main pane.
- Click on the CellDefaultTrustStore item in the table.
- Click on the Additional Properties > Signer certificates link on the right side.
- Click on the Retrieve from Port button.
- Fill out the Host, Port and Alias fields. For example:
- Host: _URL_
- Port: 443
- Alias: _URL_
- Press the Retrieve signer information button. Ensure that the values seem reasonably correct (i.e. you don't get an error back.)
- Press the OK button.
- Click the Save to Master Configuration link.
- Press the OK button after the changes have been synchronized with all of the nodes.
At this point you'll need to restart Maximo, your node agents, and your deployment manager for the changes to take effect. From here forward, Maximo will now trust that URL and allow the connection.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


atomic-write: Atomically write to a file
[ library, mit, system ] [ Propose Tags ]
Atomically write to a file on POSIX-compliant systems while preserving permissions.
On most Unix systems, mv is an atomic operation. This makes it simple to write to a file atomically just by using the mv operation. However, this will destroy the permissions on the original file. This library does the following to preserve permissions while atomically writing to a file:
This way, when the file is mv'ed into place, the permissions will be the ones held by the original file.
This library is based on similar implementations found in common libraries in Ruby and Python:
To use atomic-write, import the module corresponding to the type you wish to write atomically, e.g., to write a (strict) ByteString atomically:
import System.AtomicWrite.Writer.ByteString
Then you can use the atomicWrite function that accepts a FilePath and a ByteString, e.g.:
atomicWrite myFilePath myByteString
Versions [faq] 0.1.0.0, 0.1.0.1, 0.2.0.0, 0.2.0.1, 0.2.0.2, 0.2.0.3, 0.2.0.4, 0.2.0.5, 0.2.0.6, 0.2.0.7
Dependencies base (>=4.5 && <4.8), bytestring (>=0.10.4), directory, filepath, temporary, text, unix-compat [details]
License MIT
Copyright 2015 Stack Builders Inc.
Author Justin Leitgeb
Maintainer _EMAIL_
Category System
Bug tracker _URL_
Source repo head: git clone _EMAIL_:stackbuilders/atomic-write.git
Uploaded by jsl at Mon Mar 23 23:02:52 UTC 2015
Distributions LTSHaskell:0.2.0.6, NixOS:0.2.0.7, Stackage:0.2.0.6
Downloads 5369 total (464 in the last 30 days)
Rating 2.0 (votes: 1) [estimated by Bayesian average]
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Status Hackage Matrix CI
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Last success reported on 2015-03-23 [all 1 reports]
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For package maintainers and hackage trustees


text:
What did New Spain export?
Agricultural production was directed to internal markets, while exports consisted mainly of precious metals and animal hides. … However, silver soon became the dominant colonial product, followed by the red dye cochineal, and by the late sixteenth century, silver accounted for 80 percent of all exports from New Spain.
What did the Spanish trade for?
At first, everything the Spanish needed in the New World was shipped from Spain. Food, nails, weapons, paper—everything. Before 1600, the encomenderos and other Spaniards paid for all these trade goods with gold and silver, and occasionally, some foodstuffs like chocolate, corn, and potatoes.
How did New Spain make money?
Others stayed, amassing fortunes from pearls, silver, tobacco, sugar, cattle, and slaves that could be passed on to successive generations. Protective of its holdings, the crown enacted policies to ensure that its handpicked emissaries maintained Spain's hold on the region.
What did Spain import from the New World?
Gold and silver from the New World
New products such as potatoes, tomatoes and corn had a long-lasting impact on the Spanish economy, but more importantly on European demographics.
What did New Spain trade?
Vanilla, sugar, henequén, cotton and tobacco also become lucrative crops as the demand for these products increased in markets abroad. Considerable revenue was also generated through Spain's complex duty and tax system. All goods imported to the colonies were carried by Spanish ships manned by Spanish crews.
What did New Spain produce?
Thus, New Spain produced many commodities for export, including such goods as silver and cochineal. Meanwhile, Spain exported primarily agricultural goods (including wine and olive oil) to its colony in North America.
Who did the Spanish trade with?
10). In spite of strict regulations, trade with Spanish America, theoretically reserved exclusively for the Spanish, was nonetheless supplied by other European countries, especially by the French, English and Dutch. This commerce was, in fact, one of the richest and most profitable of European businesses.
Who does Spain trade with?
Spain trade balance, exports and imports by country
In 2016, Spain major trading partner countries for exports were France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom and Portugal and for imports they were Germany, France, China, Italy and United States.
What did the Spanish trade with the natives?
The Spanish also sought trade with native people — including trade in slaves, buffalo robes, dried meat, and leather in exchange for horses, sword blades for lances, wool blankets, horse gear, turquoise, and agricultural products, especially dried pumpkin, corn, and bread.
How much money did Spain get from the New World?
That's quite a pre-nup. Between 1500 and 1650, the Spanish imported 181 tons of gold and 16,000 tons of silver from the New World. In today's money, that much gold would be worth nearly $4 billion, and the silver would be worth over $7 billion.
What goods did Spanish colonies produce?
They also brought plants and seeds from Spain, including cabbage, onions, lettuce, radishes, apples, peaches, apricots, grapes, cantaloupes and watermelons, plus such grains as wheat and barley. Crops that came up with settlers from Mexico were chile, tobacco, Mexican beans and the tomato.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Answer: I'm wondering if your plants will go into dormancy at all, given the mild winter weather. But, it's best to prune before new growth begins in the spring. So, watch your plants, and look for new leaf buds. Try to prune just as they begin to swell. If you prune now, which encourages new growth, and you have a late frost, the new growth will be very susceptible to damage.
If you prune when the sap starts to rise and leaf buds swell, you'll probably notice some watery fluid dripping from the cuts. Don't be overly concerned - it won't harm the plant and the dripping will stop as soon as the cuts heal over.
Q&A Library Searching Tips


text:
By Kate Abnett
BRUSSELS, Nov 30 (Reuters) – The European Union has agreed to add shipping to its carbon market for the first time, forcing vessels to pay for their planet-heating emissions and increasing pressure on the maritime sector to invest in greener technologies.
The shipping sector has so far escaped the EU carbon market, which requires factories and power plants to buy permits when they emit carbon dioxide, providing a financial incentive to emit less.
That is set to change from 2024, when shipping companies will have to buy EU carbon permits to cover 40% of their emissions, rising to 70% in 2025 and 100% in 2026.
"This will not only help the climate but also improve air pollution in cities close to rivers and the coast," Peter Liese, lead EU lawmaker on the rules, said on Wednesday.
The deal, agreed late on Tuesday by lawmakers and negotiators from the 27-country bloc, would add to the carbon market all carbon dioxide, methane and nitrogen dioxide emissions from maritime voyages within the EU.
It would also include 50% of emissions from international voyages starting and ending in the EU, clamping down on pollution between country borders that often gets left out of governments' national emissions-cutting policies.
Lawmaker Liese said the rules would encourage ship owners and operators to invest in the best available technologies such as less polluting fuels. Negotiators also agreed to dedicate revenues from the sale of 20 million EU carbon permits to fund maritime emissions-cutting projects.
Shipping is seen as one of the trickiest sectors to decarbonise, with industry groups citing a lack of commercially viable technologies.
With about 90% of world trade transported by sea, shipping accounts for nearly 3% of the world's CO2 emissions, although that share is set to rise over the coming decades if left unchecked.
The shipping deal is part of a bigger revamp of the EU carbon market – one of a raft of policies the EU is upgrading to deliver its target of reducing net greenhouse gas emissions 55% by 2030, from 1990 levels.
EU negotiators will attempt to agree the rest of the carbon market upgrade by Dec. 17, and then formally rubber-stamp the law.
(Reporting by Kate Abnett; Editing by Arun Koyyur)
(c) Copyright Thomson Reuters 2022.
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Heuristic for Solving NP Planning Problem
Continue from last post about NP-Problem. Today, I am going to study a planning puzzle which is a type of NP-problem.
In fact, planning problems are NP-Hard (Scary).
Disclaimer: This post is for self-study and for research purposes only. I reuse some of the content from third party website (the Bus-Driver-Planning Puzzle). If it caused any unintended troubles to whatever party, please leave comment below and I will remove the post.
The Bus-Driver-Planning Puzzle
This is a real life puzzle according to the creator. It looks something like this:
 - There are three bus lines: Line 1, Line 2, Line 3
 - You must allocate two drivers per line per day. One for the morning shift and one for the late shift.
 - A driver can only do one shift per day; early or late.
 - There are eleven bus drivers: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, and K. Some are only qualified to drive on Line 1, 2 or 3, while some are qualified to drive on a combination of two of those lines. Find the qualifications under each driver name in the Shift Planning form.
 - Every driver is entitled to days off. Days off are indicated with dark gray nodes in the Shift Planning form. You can't assign shifts on days off.
 - Some drivers prefer to take particular days of the week off. This is indicated by light gray nodes in the Shift Planning form. These are preferences, rather than rules.
 - Drivers may prefer to work an early or late shift on particular days. The yellow nodes in Shift Planning form indicate shift preferences.
 - Most drivers dislike working too many late shifts. Therefore, the late shifts should be distributed as fairly as possible among the drivers. You should aim to assign exactly 4 late shifts to each driver over the two-week planning period.
 - According to an agreement with the Transport Workers Union, a driver must not be assigned a late shift followed by an early shift the next day.
 - According to a second agreement with the Transport Workers Union, a driver can only work no more than three consecutive late shifts.
Planning Puzzle
An Example of the Planning Puzzle
You can earn and lose points in the following way:
Respect a single shift preference +3
Respect a single driver day-off preference +4
For each driver allocated a long rest (3 or more consecutive days off) +5
For each unassigned shift -20
For each late shift followed immediately by an early shift in a single driver's schedule -30
For every after the third consecutive late shift assigned to a single driver -10
For every late shift assigned that is not equal to 4 -8
Here is the problem…
Given the above puzzle, how would you approach it? In fact, the above puzzle is intended to be solved with optimum solution (a score of 162) within an hour MANUALLY. In other words, you need to assign the tasks to the driver one by one to fill in the colorful puzzle in the example above (see image above).
Knowing that this problem is NP-hard, which means there is almost an infinite number of feasible solutions in the search space, finding the optimum solution MANUALLY is nearly impossible. Hitting the jackpot/lottery has higher chance than finding the perfect solution.
However, there are people who scored a full 162 scores for it. Is it luck? Possible. From time to time, there are people who hit the multi-millions jackpot. Are they skillful? Not sure. Are they lucky? Sure yes!
The only way to know whether those who scored 162 scores are really skillful is to ask them to solve several puzzles in a row and see if they can still maintain full scores for every puzzle. However, this still cannot rule out the possibility of luck since in life, there are people who got strike by lightning more than anyone else.
How to approach the NP problem
Having a near-optimum solution for a NP-hard problem is good enough. This avoids the need to exhaust all the possible solutions to find for the optimal one which might take up the whole universe time.
With the above knowledge, we can devise a heuristic solver to tackle the problem. Heuristic is an experience-based, quick and dirty way to come up with a near-optimal solution. With a little bit of luck, sometimes, it can also achieve an optimal solution.
Heuristic for the NP Planning Problem
Firstly, we need a model to represent the problem. The puzzle's input (the constraints of the puzzle like the drivers' preferences and the resources like which driver drives which line, etc) and output (the assignments of each driver) need to be encoded in a way that a computer can handle (The actual implementation is not exposed to allow imagination for the readers).
Then we need an evaluation function that can evaluation the quality of the solution. It allows us to know whether solution A is better than solution B. This function is obtained via the information from the table with points above.
Thirdly, our goal is to maximize the score. The most straight forward way to achieve this is to pick a task from a pool of available tasks and test-assign it to all the drivers for every day and evaluation the assignment to find the maximum score before assigning the task to a specific driver on a specific day. Then continue until no more task can be assigned.
With this approach, we will usually arrive at a local maximum and stuck there. To overcome this, we need to inject certain randomness to the solver by randomly unassign certain tasks from certain drivers and rerun the previous step to reassign the tasks back to drivers with the highest score. And do this infinitely.
Heuristic Random Solver
Heuristic Random Solver
The animation above shows the successive highest scores found (the animation is run at a one-second cadence) for the same puzzle in the example at the beginning of this article. The heuristic solver hit a maximum score of 148 (out of 162) after running for about 1 hour and 17 minutes.
An interesting thing to mention is that different run of the solver will return different high score at different duration. For example, sometimes, it will produce a score of 147 in under 30 minutes, however, on other times, it needs more than one hour to return the same high score. Thus the non-deterministic nature of the solver.
Another thing to note is that, given enough time to run, the solver will hit the jackpot one day. For example, for certain puzzles, it can hit a score of 154 after running for a few hours. If given enough time, it should be able to find the optimal solution.
Heuristic Random Solver (faster animation)
Heuristic Random Solver (faster animation)
This is a faster animation of the same algorithm running on the same puzzle. It allows us to "see" and have an idea of the evolution of the solution. We can practically see how the solution is forming gradually.
There are two kinds of constraints for the puzzle: hard and soft constraints. Hard constraints are constraints that you must follow. Soft constraints are constraints that are OK not to follow, however, they will cost penalty.
In this puzzle, hard constraints are:
 - day off which no driver can work on that day
 - the line that a driver can drive
Soft constraints are:
 - the drivers' preferences
 - the penalties like driving late shift for 3 consecutive nights, having late shift followed by early shift, having number of late shifts not equal to 4
If you think about it, hard constraints are actually a good thing to have since it limits the search space. We have less to search. However, what make things complicated are the soft constraints. We don't know whether to satisfy them or not. But we cannot ignore them else we won't be able to find the near-optimal solution.
It is a bad idea to turn the soft constraints to become hard constraints hoping that it can reduce the dimensions of the search space. Doing this will make the solver unable to even assign all the tasks to the drivers. This is a key learning that I had.


text:
Even as drones get a bad wrap in the world of military and law enforcement, a nonprofit in Germany wants to use the unmanned aerial vehicles to save lives.
Definetz has partnered with drone-maker Height-Tech to develop the Defikopter, a drone designed to deliver defibrillators to rural heart attack victims.
Emergencies in remote areas can be deadly when time is of the essence and ambulances are far away.
In these cases, a caller would be able to send for a Defikopter by phone. Definetz would then send the drone out to their location, where the portable defibrillator could buy additional time for a heart attack victim until emergency personnel arrive.
"Defikopter is one small supporting step towards an optimized responder structure," says Definetz's Friedrich Nölle. "It's for sports areas like golf clubs, difficult terrain such as coasts or mountains, and rural areas with weak infrastructure."
The Defikopter was recently demonstrated at a golf club in the Teutoburg Forest, in west Germany. Definetz says they hope to have the system up in the air in six months.


text: Carpet square samples are wonderful to use in the classroom. In addition to being "sit-upons," they can also be used to define a workspace for a child or small group. They can also be used to confine manipulatives (especially for math), games, and puzzles to a defined space. Each student has a "territory" marked. Most carpet and furniture stores will give the outdated samples to teachers at no cost.


text:
WASHINGTON – U.S. Senators Bill Cassidy, M.D. (R-LA) and Jacky Rosen (D-NV) released the following statement after their bipartisan resolution designating National Cybersecurity Education Week unanimously passed the Senate. The resolution designates the week of June 21 through 25 as National Cybersecurity Education Week. The resolution also commits the Senate to raising awareness about cyber education and taking legislative actions to address cybersecurity education expansion and address the cybersecurity workforce shortage.
"Recent cyberattacks demonstrate the need for stronger cybersecurity. Proud to see our resolution to support an all-of-nation response to cyber-threats pass the Senate," said Dr. Cassidy.
"I am thrilled the Senate has unanimously passed my bipartisan resolution with Senator Cassidy, which for the first time designates a National Cybersecurity Education Week. K-12 cyber education is the key to building a cyber-ready workforce," said Senator Rosen. "As our nation faces a dire cybersecurity workforce shortage, this bipartisan resolution will help ensure children, teens, and young adults have access to cybersecurity education before they enter the workforce."
Earlier this week, Cassidy and Rosen introduced a bipartisan resolution designating National Cybersecurity Education Week.
Last year Cassidy and Rosen introduced the PROTECT (Providing Resources for Ongoing Training and Education in Cyber Technologies) Act, legislation that would authorize and provide stability to the Department of Homeland Security's Cybersecurity Education and Training Assistance Program (CETAP). CETAP provides cybersecurity workforce development assistance to K-12 students across the United States.


text:
Ahtohallan: its origin and meaning
It may have ended just as a fairy tale, but the Frozen universe has evolved in a pretty complex manner as the sequel came out. One of the essential concepts is Ahtohallan, which first appears in Frozen 2 and plays a vital role in the whole story plot. Examining why this place happened to have this name would help us to understand the whole storyline deeply. We cover this issue in this post.
One of the fundamental concepts of understanding the Frozen universe is Ahtohallan. Sometimes it is described as a river of memory or to Northuldra, a mythical place nobody has ever seen. Since all the story plots of Frozen 2 emerge from Ahtohallan, and it depicts the journey of Elsa and Anna reaching there, it is important first to understand what this place is. Then, what does the name 'Ahtohallan' stands for?
The name of many characters and spots in Frozen have their meaning. The name of some characters, such as Anna or Hans, is derived from the author of the original novel 'Snow queen'. Even some characters share the same names in the original novel. Then it would be natural to ask this kind of question. Is the name Ahtohallan originated from some novel or myth?
This is the central place where the magic of Frozen begins. If we can identify what it stands for, we could get closer to the core of the Frozen universe. First, let us retake a look at Ahtohallan.
One can interpret this just as a single word. Still, we can get some inspiration from this word by referring to Norse mythology, especially the Finnish one.
Many theories exist, but it seems most plausible to say that the word Ahtohallan anis originated from Finnish mythology. We can divide this word into some parts, and we can find some relationships between each segment and Finnish mythology. The following three words need our attention.
|Sea god in Finnish mythology
|Frost, below-freezing temperature
We first focus on the word Ahto. A lot of gods appear in Finnish mythology, but what we need to focus on is the god named Ahto. Ahto, sometimes called Ahti in Finnish mythology, is a sea god. His castle, or the territory governed by him and his wife Wellamo, is located under the sea and called Ahtola. Plus, halla means frost or the temperature below water getting frozen in Finnish. Summing up, the word Ahtohallan could be dissembled into three different parts: Ahto + Ahtola + Halla. Considering the meaning of each word, we might interpret the meaning of Ahtohallan as 'the territory of frozen sea god'. Now the question is, what is this combination?
First, let's take a look at the prefix Ahto. This word represents the sea god in Finnish mythology. Surprisingly, we can also find marks of godly being related to water through Iduna's letter on the wrecked ship (the very first symbol). This means that the people in the past of the Frozen universe (or at least Iduna) believed that some divine being related to water existed. The water element has some unique position among the other four spirits in Frozen: people say it has a memory, or the first symbol on the map looks like water.
We don't need to be precisely what the symbols on the map stand for. The thing is, the ancient people (or at least Iduna) believed that there existed some divine being. And that divine being would have some relationship to water, so they would have named it Ahto. All kinds of mythology (especially Animism) share a similar structure. Then its motif would have originated from Finnish mythology.
The past people of the Frozen universe might also have notions that Ahto's power influences some territory or place. The dark sea, located in the far north of Ahtohallan, is described as a violent place protected by the water Nokk. So it would be natural to speculate that the ancient people might have regarded this place as a divine or holy territory governed by a water god, so they would have named it Ahtola as in the Finnish mythology.
Then why the word Halla as suffix? Elsa had already answered this question.
Ahtohallan is frozen.
Obviously, the people in the past would have named this place Ahtola since this place seemed to be related to the water god, Ahto. However, what Elsa had found was glacial in a frozen form. Then we can speculate that the past people might also have observed this place in a frozen form, or heard from someone that it was frozen, so they would have added the suffix halla, which means frozen to this place. From this observation, we can further speculate that this place had appeared in frozen (halla) from in the past. That is, someone like Elsa in the past would have said to the people that this place was frozen, and these rumors would have spread among people, so people named this place halla.
I understand diverse interpretations exist on this subject, but we will discuss this deeper issue later.
But the above argument is just one hypothesis. Can we find any evidence supporting this idea in the movie?
Take a look at Iduna's map again. On the top and left sides, we can find some numbers representing the latitude and longitude. These numbers show the latitude and longitude corresponding to 62.3 and 27.0, respectively. Then what would be this spot on the actual map on earth?
It is Finland. Some of you might have been confused at this stage. The motif of Frozen 1 is known as Norway, so it would be natural to expect the spot GPS pointing to be somewhere in Norway. Why is it Finland? Just a mistake?
We can regard it that way, but I think it is the sign where the concept and name Ahtohallan were motivated. In Frozen 1 and Olaf's Frozen Adventure, we find a Norweign map and Norweign wavy-shaped cookies. These represent the motif of the film. Similarly, suppose the team was to insert some homage to Finland or its mythology. In that case, they might have inserted some sign of that country. From the making film or art book, we can also see that the story of Frozen 2 was motivated by Norse mythology. If it were from Norway, they would have put the GPS coordinates of Norway. This doesn't look like a mistake, and I instead see this as an intended thing. Following this interpretation, the motif of Ahtohallan comes from Finnish mythology, and the directors had inserted its GPS coordinates as homage.
Summing up these arguments, it is plausible to say that the name Ahtohallan comes from Finnish mythology.
The word Ahtohallan in Frozen universe is a compound word that can be decomposed into Ahto + Ahtola + Halla and motivated by Finnish mythology. Each word represents the sea god, its territory, and the frost. We can find its evidence on Iduna's map in the wrecked ship.


Crookston Times - Crookston, MN
 - Letter to the Editor: Children need a mother and father
 - Which is why we should vote yes on the marriage amendment.
 - email print
 - As a parent and grandparent, I want to pass on to my children and grandchildren beliefs and values that have stood the test of time. This fall I want to be counted as an individual who stood for and proclaimed the value of marriage as the union of one man and one woman.
 Why has virtually every society defined marriage as the union of one man and one woman? The answer can be summarized in one word: children. Marriage is a special relationship reserved exclusively for heterosexual unions because only the intimate relationship between men and women has the ability to produce children. Marriage serves a vital and universal societal purpose – to channel biological drive that might otherwise become socially destructive into enduring family units for the benefit of any children produced by that sexual union.
 By encouraging men and women to marry, society helps ensure that children will be known by and cared for by their biological parents. Simply stated, while death and divorce too often prevent it, children need both a mother and a father. This is why I am supporting the Minnesota Marriage Protection Amendment in November 2012.
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FMS SKIN - Best Carbon Peel Laser Treatment In Kondapur Hyderabad | Do-Follow Social Bookmarking
FMS, CARBON LASER PEEL TREATMENT, offers you with the Carbon Laser Peel which evens skin tone and reduces the pigmentation, fine lines and acne scars. Several treatment sessions are beneficial, but results can be seen from the first treatment session itself.
In Acne prone skin, carbon peels has 2 more benefits; It reduces the P. Acnes bacteria responsible for acne and it also shrinks sebaceous glands (oil producing glands), resulting in less oil production and lesser acne breakouts. Treatments can be performed on any part of the body, including the back and chest.
How the Carbon Laser Peel works?
A layer of liquid carbon is applied to the skin. The lotion enhances the work of laser. Carbon particles penetrates deep into the pores. The laser energy breaks up pigment, that is then carried away by your body. It also heats the skin causing the skin to contract while at the same time stimulating the building of collagen.
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text:
in cooperation with
The continual process of growth is something which generally escapes our ordinary senses. It is something which can be recognised only over an extended period of time. If a person takes care of a plant, they recognise growth over a period of days or weeks, this application transfers the growth of the plant into a medium which we are always able to interpret, that of an ever changing soundscape.
Through the installation, the growth of the grass generates different electrical pulses similar to heartbeats. The more advanced the growth of the plant, the slower and stronger the pulse develops.
The application consists of three physical layers, the top layer is the growing grass and beneath it the root system, below these is the technology which measures the growth and generates the sound. Over time, and with care and attention, the roots grow more and more, creating a complex root-system. A microcontroller is able to measure the conductivity of the root system, the growing media and the solutions of nutrients which surround them and when coupled with an amplifier, generates clicks and pulses in different frequencies. Care, light, nutrients and water, as well as the sequence of connectivity between the growing elements of the grass are thus responsible for creating the ever changing and growing soundscape.
This prototype tries to compare nature and technology to point out parallels. It allows us to pay attention to things which would seem unimportant or unperceivable to us without such a device.
Fritzing Creator Kit


Let slip the birds of war!
Not a great start for efforts to bring peace on Earth in 2014.
In what some are interpreting as an ominous sign for world peace, two white doves released from the Vatican have been attacked by two larger birds.
The doves were set free as a symbol of peace from a balcony overlooking St Peter's Square during Pope Francis' weekly Angelus prayers, held at noon every Sunday.
But moments later, a seagull and a black crow swooped down and attacked the doves, pecking at them repeatedly, as tens of thousands of people watched on.
The crow chased down the dove and grappled with it as the white bird tried to fly away.
The Sunday prayers called for an end to violence in Kiev, with the Pope saying there was a need for dialogue between the Ukraine government and opposition.
Tough being caught between a crow and a seagull. Is this some weird living metaphor for Ukraine being caught between Russia and the European Union? Or perhaps the civilians caught between the Syrian regime and Syrian insurgents? The interpretive possibilities are endless.
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SCons duplicates source files in variant directory trees because it's the most straightforward way to guarantee a correct build regardless of include-file directory paths, relative references between files, or tool support for putting files in different locations, and the SCons philosophy is to, by default, guarantee a correct build in all cases.
The most direct reason to duplicate source files in variant directories is simply that some tools (mostly older versions) are written to only build their output files in the same directory as the source files. In this case, the choices are either to build the output file in the source directory and move it to the variant directory, or to duplicate the source files in the variant directory.
Additionally, relative references between files can cause problems if we don't just duplicate the hierarchy of source files in the variant directory. You can see this at work in use of the C preprocessor _TAG_ mechanism with double quotes, not angle brackets:
The de facto standard behavior for most C compilers in this case is to first look in the same directory as the source file that contains the _TAG_ line, then to look in the directories in the preprocessor search path. Add to this that the SCons implementation of support for code repositories (described below) means not all of the files will be found in the same directory hierarchy, and the simplest way to make sure that the right include file is found is to duplicate the source files into the variant directory, which provides a correct build regardless of the original location(s) of the source files.
Although source-file duplication guarantees a correct build even in these end-cases, it can usually be safely disabled. The next section describes how you can disable the duplication of source files in the variant directory.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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In 1973, Mayor Harvey Sloan oversaw the creation of Louisville's first Landmarks Commission, modeled after an ordinance in New York City, making preservation public policy for the first time in the city. Now 39 years later, Louisville has created on average two Individual Landmarks a year, seven Landmarks Districts, a new merged government structure with new political dynamics, and the Metro Council has voted to change how preservation happens in the city.
In early February, Metro Councilmember David Yates sponsored an amendment to Louisville's Landmarks Ordinance, complaining the original system lacked oversight, accountability, and public participation. Quickly joining Yates, eight additional council members, mostly representing suburban districts around the old Urban Service District, signed on as cosponsors. The amendment was introduced in Metro Council on Thursday, February 9, 2012, and over the proceeding six months, politicians and preservationists clashed on how Landmarks designation procedures should work, resulting in a newly politicized process and additional thresholds to be met in the public petition process. But in all the arguing, Louisville missed a real opportunity for preservation reform.


Parenting culture is the latest hot export from Scandinavia. But what exactly do parents in Europe's far north do differently?
By Linda Åkeson McGurk
November 10, 2017
Mother and son walking in the snow
Credit: Aliyev Alexei Sergeevich/Getty Images
From minimalist design and catchy pop music, to the elusive concept of hygge, people everywhere are swooning over Scandinavian culture. The latest up-and-coming export from Europe's far north? Parenting. And with good reason. When U.S. News ranked the best countries to raise a child in 2017, Sweden came in on top, followed by Norway and Denmark in second and third place. Their strong economies in combination with the most generous parental leave policies in the world naturally help the Scandinavian countries consistently score high in these types of reports. But there's more to the Scandinavian parenting culture than that. Here are five parenting lessons you can learn from Scandinavian moms and dads:
1. There's no such thing as bad weather, only bad clothes
2. Embrace the wild in the child
While wild and dirty kids are often frowned upon in other cultures, digging in the dirt and stomping around in the mud are par for the course for children in Scandinavia. In fact, parents even encourage and cherish messy play, since it's considered an essential part of a good childhood. It can be a boon to children's health, too. Letting them dig in dirt exposes them to healthy bacteria, which in turn can help build a strong immune system, improve gut health, and reduce the risk of asthma and allergies. Some bacteria are even known to trigger the brain's production of the "feel-good" neurotransmitter serotonin. With that in mind, running your washing machine a little more often seems like a small trade-off!
3. Forget the flashcards
Scandinavian parents mainly expect one thing from their children in the early years: that they spend as much time as possible playing. And they have plenty of time for it, since formal schooling doesn't start until age six or seven. Most parents and preschool teachers agree that children will learn what they need to learn when they're ready for it and there is no pressure to teach children how to read and write early. They may be on to something, since research has shown that by age 11, there is no significant difference between children who learn to read at age five and those who learn at age seven. The kicker? Those who learn later have better text comprehension and a more positive attitude toward reading.
4. Freedom fosters responsibility
Busy extra-curricular schedules and a fear of (in no particular order) lawsuits, strangers, nature, traffic, and a surprise visit from Child Protective Services are keeping many American kids under virtual house arrest. Not so much in Scandinavia, where even young children are given the freedom to climb trees, use real tools, play with fire, and walk to the neighborhood playground on their own. By the time they're nine or 10, they're typically expected to get to their after-school activities on their own—by foot, bike, or by using public transit. This, Scandinavian parents believe, helps them learn how to judge risk, make sound decisions, and be responsible, and research suggests that they're right.
5. It's all about the friluftsliv
There's no doubt Scandinavian kids love their TV shows and electronic devices. But young children don't spend nearly as much time in front of screens as their American counterparts, and their parents have a powerful trick to get them to unplug: friluftsliv. Roughly translated to "open-air living," friluftsliv can be described as a way of life that revolves around appreciating and spending time in nature. But you don't have to live in pristine countryside to enjoy friluftsliv—it's all about appreciating nature in everyday life, and walking around the neighborhood or grilling hot dogs in a local park counts, too. In addition to helping parents balance screen time with green time, friluftsliv is a powerful way for children to learn about their role in the natural world, and how to become good stewards of the land. And ultimately, that's probably the most important lesson of them all.
Linda McGurk is a Swedish-American freelance journalist and blogger who lives with her family in rural Indiana. Her writings about natural parenting and outdoor play have appeared in a wide range of newspapers, magazines, and online publications in North America as well as Europe. In 2013, she started the blog Rain or Shine Mamma to inspire outdoor play and adventure every day, regardless of the weather. She is the author of There's No Such Thing as Bad Weather.


Haris Ahmed Chicago Consultant: Top 3 Benefits of Job Rotation
For Haris Ahmed of Chicago-based management consulting firm Pragmatium Consulting, Inc., employees are the heart of every business. Each one plays a crucial role in the organization, and as such, each one deserves equal opportunities and privileges. But despite the company's best efforts, there will always be employees who are underperforming or not living up to their full potential—for whatever reason (professional or personal). How do you encourage your employees to always give their best to whatever task needs to be done? How do you help them establish strong bonds with one another?
In this post, Haris Ahmed, Chicago management consultant and change expert, shares with readers what a job rotation is and the benefits to be derived from it.
What is job rotation?
In simple terms, job rotation is an internal strategy where the organizational structure is reshuffled to encourage employee growth and retention. This strategy is often initiated by the Human Resources department of the organization, discussed with team or department heads, and approved by the CEO and other top executives.
Usually, an employee is assigned to another department or given a new position because this is where their talents and skills will truly be of value to the organization, and where they have more opportunities for growth. When an employee has been with the company for years, he or she may have acquired or developed new skills, and assigning them to a new department with new responsibilities is the best way for them to further hone their newly acquired skills.
Here are the top 3 benefits of organizational restructuring and job rotation:
1. Improve performance and productivity. As mentioned above, when you assign an employee to a new team and give him or her new responsibilities, you allow the employee to grow. New challenges mean new opportunities and with these come a rejuvenated spirit, which could mean improved performance and productivity. This, in effect, targets the employee's performance and productivity, and the department's or team's.
2. Encourage loyalty. When an employee feels that he or she has become 'stagnant' or feels more like a wallflower than an active participant within the organization, chances are they will eventually leave and go where they are appreciated—where they would be made to feel that their contributions are valuable to the organization. Job rotation prevents this from happening, for reasons stated above.
3. You create a dynamic organization. When people learn of the organization's active participation in their employees' growth and advancement, they will see your company as a potential employer, upping your reputation as a good organization to work with. When you have positions that need to be filled, applicants wouldn't hesitate to join your organization because they know there is room for growth.
In his next post, Haris Ahmed will share his recommendations on how to approach job rotation and make employees understand that this is a step towards their own growth and advancement.
Do you have comments on this post? Please feel free to leave Haris Ahmed of Chicago a message below.
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Markup Validation in Visual Studio
When you edit markup in the Visual Studio Web designer (for Web Forms pages, in Source view), the editor checks that the markup is valid. Markup validation works like the spelling checker in a word-processing program. The editor examines the markup and adds wavy red lines under the elements or attributes that are not valid.
The editor determines what is valid based on the currently selected validation schema. For example, if you set the schema to HTML5, the editor compares the markup in your page against the schema that defines a valid HTML5 page. If you change the schema to XHTML5, the editor checks the markup in your page against the XHTML5 schema.
A validation error does not prevent the page from running. It simply provides you with feedback that the markup in the page does not conform to the schema for the chosen markup language.
Visual Studio includes schemas for standards such as HTML5, XHTML5, HTML 4.01, and XHTML 1.1. You can let Visual Studio determine the schema based on the DOCTYPE value in the page. Alternatively, you can select a schema from the drop-down list in the HTML Source Editing toolbar. You can also select a default validation schema in the Options dialog box.
The editor shows you validation errors in the following ways:
 - Underlined elements Elements or attributes that are invalid are underlined with wavy lines.
 - Tooltips If you hold the mouse pointer over an element underlined with a wavy line, a tooltip displays details about the error.
 - Error List If you have the Error List window open, you can see a list of all the validation errors (as warnings). To open the Error List window, choose View, and then choose Error List. To open the list from the keyboard, type Ctrl+\ and then type E. Double-clicking an error in the Error List window takes you directly to the error in the editor.
Markup validation checks for the following:
 - Allowed tags Some browser schemas support tags that are not allowed in others. For example, the tag is supported only in Netscape browsers, so this tag is marked as invalid in other schemas.
 - Allowed attributes Validation checks that the attributes in an element are allowed for that element.
 - Required attributes Validation checks that any required attributes are included. For example, in XHTML 1.1, the


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Runtime Error 76 - What is Runtime Error 76
Computer/Internet/Software Articles
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Computers have greatly benefited facets of our daily lives. They allow us to work more efficiently, provide us with entertainment and even enable us to communicate quickly with people on the other side of the world. Despite all of these benefits, computers can still puzzle us with their seemingly cryptic error messages. In most cases, knowing a little bit about the error and its causes will help us find a fairly straight forward solution to the problem so that we can return to enjoying the use of the computer.
Runtime Error 76 is a common message users see. The question then is, what does it mean and how can you correct this error?
This particular runtime error means "path not found." In simple terms, it means that the program cannot identify the correct location for writing its data. When that happens, the program does not know where to look, so it usually crashes or freezes.
Let us look at the error in more detail. When you install software onto your computer, you have to select a directory for that program's data to be stored. Each time you access that software, it will need to write new data into those files. For example, if you have installed a PC game and tried to save your progress, the program will find that directory and write the information in that location on your hard drive.
Generally, the process works very smoothly and quickly. However, sometimes there are problems with the directory. For example, the program may not have been installed correctly, so it cannot identify the location it needs. Another possibility is that the directory has been moved. If you have copied the folder containing the program to another part of your hard drive, for instance, the software will not be able to locate it. If you have a song file on your desktop that you add to your music player and then move that file into another folder, then the song will no longer play because the directory has been changed without notifying the software.
The good news is that solving Runtime Error 76 is fairly easy. First, you should look for available patches and fixes for the program. These are generally available through the software manufacturer's web site and can be downloaded for free.
You may also want to run a check for viruses and spyware. In some cases, these invaders can alter directories or make other changes which could generate this type of error.
If you are still having troubles and you have already completed the other two steps, you may need to reinstall the program that is causing the error to appear. Remember to back up any files associated with the original installation so they do not get overwritten during the new installation. In most cases, the new installation works fine.
Sometimes the error does not come from the program but from the operating system itself. If this is the case, then you need to re-install the operating system. Although this can be time-consuming, it should alleviate the problems.
While Runtime Error 76 is not usually a serious problem, reinstalling a program or your entire operating system can be a nuisance. However, having way to correct the problems is better than not knowing what has gone wrong in the first place.
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What causes colour blindness?
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= serialPort.ReadExisting
 '---cause the event on the caller to fire---
 RaiseEvent DataFromLCD(str)
 End Sub
The Write() subroutine will send a string to the LCD display via the serial port. It supports delayed sending of data, and hence will send individual characters to the LCD at a delay of 100 milliseconds per character.
 '---display text with optional delay---
 Public Sub Write(ByVal text As String, ByVal delay As Boolean)
 If delay Then
 For i As Integer = 0 To text.Length - 1
 serialPort.Write(text(i))
 System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(100)
 Next
 Else
 serialPort.Write(text)
 End If
 End Sub
To simplify communicating with the LCD, the Command() subroutine will take in a command identifier and send the appropriate commands to the LCD (see Listing 1).
For example, to clear a screen, you would call Me.Command("X") and the subroutine will do the work of sending the correct command to the LCD display. Notice that this subroutine is only visible within the class, as you do not want the user to directly call the commands.
To make it easier for users to send the appropriate commands to the LCD, define the subroutines in Listing 2 (their use is self explanatory).
Finally, define the DrawBarGraph() subroutine to draw a moving bar graph:
 '---draw a bar graph---
 Public Sub DrawBarGraph(ByVal value As Integer)
 '---assign the value into the array---
 If _index > BARGRAPH_WIDTH Then
 '---shift all the values 1 position up
 For i As Integer = 1 To BARGRAPH_WIDTH - 1
 _values(i) = _values(i + 1)
 Next
 _values(BARGRAPH_WIDTH) = value
 Else
 _values(_index) = value
 End If
 _index += 1
 '---draw the bars in the graph
 For i As Integer = 1 To BARGRAPH_WIDTH
 Me.DrawVertBarGraph(i, (_values(i) / 100) * 32)
 Next
 '---display some text---
 Me.SetCursorPosition(1, 7)
 Me.Write("CPU Usage: " & value.ToString & "% ", False)
 End Sub
Testing the Library
Now it's time to test the library you just created. Populate the default Form1 with the following controls (see Figure 11):
 - Button controls
 - CheckBox control
 - Label control
 - TrackBar control
Figure 11. Populate Form1 with the controls shown.
In the code-behind of Form1, import the following namespaces:
Imports System.Management
Imports System.Net
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Xml
Imports System.Threading
Declare the following member variables:
Public Class Form1
 '---create an instance of the LCD class---
 Private WithEvents LCD_Display As New LCD
 '---true when form is finished loading---
 Private FormLoaded As Boolean = False
 '---threads for asynchronous execution---
 Private t1, t2, t3 As Thread
When the form is first loaded, open a connection to the serial port connecting to the LCD display:
 Private Sub Form1_Load( _
 ByVal sender As System.Object, _
 ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _
 Handles MyBase.Load
 FormLoaded = True
 LCD_Display.Connect("COM3")
 End Sub
Here, I am assuming that the COM3 is used to connect your PC to the LCD display.
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ISSP [2019] : Creating an Educational Program to Promote Sustainable Water Use in Baan Yang
In the village of Baan Yang, a sudden shift away from opium cultivation left farmers practicing unsustainable techniques to grow food. Residents are aware of the ecological impacts, but tradition and socioeconomic barriers prevent them from transitioning to new, sustainable techniques. Our project focuses on creating an educational program for the Baan Yang School to introduce village students about their impact on the surrounding environment, along with educating them about water quality and conservation. The ultimate goal of our educational program is to promote sustainable farming techniques by instilling a passion for the environment in the younger generation.


text: Bryanna miller is a fourth-year media and culture major with minors in sociology and russian. according to jones & farness (2002), people who maths homework year 2 earn minimum wage account for approximately seventy per classification essay definition cent of the united states gross domestic product. bryanna miller is a fourth-year media and culture major with minors in sociology and russian. there's an obvious reason wages aren't growing, but you won't hear it from treasury or the reserve bank. the main upside colleges with the best creative writing programs or benefit from raising the minimum wage, the cbo found was that raising the wage to about how to essays topics $10.10 mla example essay per persuasive speech essay outline hour, could lift as many introduction for a research paper example as 900,000 people out of poverty. check tentative date schedule for the due date. i'm supposed to write a 1.5 page paper single persuasive essay on spaced on raising minimum wage. raising the minimum wage means people what is research paper definition will have more money to spend which helps to propel the raising minimum wage essay economy forward australia's minimum wage is now 54% use graphical methods to solve the linear programming problem of median wages. the minimum wage is viewed as a progressive political agenda in addressing poverty in the society (brooks 26). but a recent paper by jeremy magruder, an economist at raising minimum wage essay berkeley, finds the opposite effect. the job losses social work course requirements to employers increasing prices to deal with the higher wage, which would lower demand introduction to creative writing syllabus and raising minimum wage essay therefore their need for more raising minimum wage essay workers essay on minimum wage. check tentative date schedule for the due date.


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High stakes conversations over virtual platforms, leading in a virtual world
Susan Steinbrecher gives leaders great techniques for navigating constructive feedback over virtual platforms.
Meaningful Alignment refers to any conversation involving two or more people where alignment and deep understanding are vital to a successful outcome. More specifically, we are referring to the high-stakes interactions we have at times where emotions run high, and viewpoints are often not aligned. These types of conversations are challenging in the best of times. Throw in a global pandemic and a remote working environment and the word challenging becomes an understatement. But why?
It is natural for humans to focus on the negative. It's in our DNA. When you add in the chronic stress created by something like a Covid-19, there is an increase of negativity bias. Team members are more prone to hear what you say and take it in a negative light or focus on the negative part of your message.
When you are giving constructive feedback in person, it is easier to adjust your communication style to the seriousness of the message and to the non-verbal cues you are receiving. In-person, you have the opportunity to set the stage. You decide where to deliver this message – like in a conference room or in a private office. These options are off the table in a virtual world. It is increasingly difficult to read non-verbal cues across the screen.
By our basic nature, most people have difficulty handling emotionally charged conversations. Our capacity to manage emotions, resolve conflict, and create meaningful alignment with others is not innate — it must be learned. Few people have been trained to focus on emotional management skills, however, a lack of these coping abilities can lead to damaged relationships and career setbacks.
Here are 5 techniques to overcome these challenges and keep you and your team aligned and on-track.
ASK QUESTIONS: Start out by getting the other person's perspective on how they thought the project or meeting went. This will give you insight into their experience and perspective. They may recognize once they express their thoughts out loud, what they need to improve on making it easier to address.
SAY THANKS BEFORE CRITIQUING: Research shows that recipients receive constructive feedback better when they are told specifically what they did well and before they are told what they could improve on. This isn't news here, but still a good reminder.
SHARE YOUR MOTIVATIONS: Make sure the other person realizes why you are giving them this feedback – to help them and your team move forward. You are interested in their growth. Sharing this information will go a long way regarding how they will receive your message.
CLARIFY AND CONTRAST: Using contrasting statements creates clarity when giving feedback. For example," What I am saying is that I'm concerned with all that is on your plate. What I am NOT saying is that you lack the skills or ability to do the job. Framing the communication this way prevents any negative spins or doubts that the other person might entertain.
RECAP: At the end of your conversation, ask the other person to give you what their takeaways are. This will give you insight on how that person is receiving the information – with negativity bias or not. If they are looking at the information in a negative light, then you have the opportunity to course-correct and invite them to reexamine or reconsider the message that you sent.
How well do you handle emotionally charged, high-stakes conversations? Take the Interpersonal Dialogue Profile™ assessment and find out!
I hope this information is helpful for you! We have spent many years studying the world of conflict and helping people master not only meaningful alignment conversations but specifically applying these skills in a virtual environment. We would like to help you too! Feel free to reach out. We would love to hear your stories.
Feel free to reach out with a question!
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News Stories
How the Ancients Got High
Five years ago we posted a story about how the ancient prophets at Delphi in Greece may have been high on natural gas. Now scientists think that the culprit may have been carbon dioxide. Does this mean that the increasing levels of CO2 in OUR atmosphere will produce widespread wisdom? We certainly may need it in the future.
In the temple of Delphi in ancient Greece, a succession of female oracles, called Pythias, dispensed wisdom and predicted the future. Scientists think there may have been something in the atmosphere there that gave them access to higher levels of consciousness. In, Heather Whipps quotes researcher Giuseppe Etiope as saying, "It is possible that?[this was] due just to a deficit of oxygen in the Temple room, where air ventilation was weak and the [carbon dioxide and methane] gas release from the soil was strong."
Earlier research on this was done by Jelle Z. de Boer, who noted that, whatever the substance was, it could not have been lethal, because otherwise, "?after a number of sessions, the Pythias would have become sick and possibly died. Frequent deaths of Pythias have not been reported by any of the classical writers. On the contrary, they seem to have lived a long and healthy life."
Art credit:
Our silly war on drugs has blinded us to what the ancient shamans were trying to achieve by using psychoactive drugs. The state of enlightenment they were trying to attain can also be reached by other methods, such as ritual drumming. Courageous author Graham Hancock risked his brain and body?and defied the law?to find learn exactly what these magicians knew. Subscribers can still listen to Whitley's provocative interview with Hancock.
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have its overhead as well.However, if you have indexed view on this table and which uses the aggregate function for some other purpose in your application. Then this is the best way as you will have almost minimal overhead. As you have seen that using your own optimizer and stats have some overhead. Thus before using this strategy make sure that the gain in performance is more thanthe overhead associated with it. If your stats table could be updated using methods in 1,3 and 4. Then it has almost no overhead.There are cases when you do not need stats table at all in that case you can use this strategy without any overhead. I will explain this in next post.Fine.What kind of scenario we can use our own stats and optimizer.1. In the case when the column (s) data is too much skewed and almost all the values in the column are used to get the data from the table.e.g. in this case.2. When the column data is distributed almost equally but your queries used < ,> or between instead of equal. This strategy could be used to get best plan.3. This strategy deciding your own plan based on stats will eliminate parameter sniffing (however, you will still see the estimated number of rows etc based on first execution but performance wise parameter sniffing is almost eliminated). Thus if you have parameter sniffing try to use this to eliminate.4. This can be used when you get the data ito some intermediate table like temp table and then you get the data from your main tables based on that temp table.I will explain this in next post. This doesnt need a stats table at all. Conclusion: You can have your own optimizer and stats to make sure that you get the best plan. This depends mainly on the data you have,how this data is accessed etc.*/[/code]Wed, 16 May 2012 12:32:29 GMTGullimeel


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Smoky, river, c.250 mi (400 km) long, rising in Jasper National Park, W Alta., Canada, and flowing generally NE to the Peace River. It receives the Wapiti and Little Smoky rivers. It was explored (1792) by Alexander Mackenzie.
More on Smoky from Infoplease:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Canadian Physical Geography


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Blanket Purchase order ( Frame work Order)To Simply the procurement of Low-Value Consumables and to reduce the costs blanket purchase order (Framework Order)can be used.
For Example, office supplies such as Pen, Paper. Small repairs, Cleaning work, Courier Service etc..
The business example for blanket PO. Create the Blanket PO with limit and Validity period. Then communicate with the vendor and notify the requirements. When the goods is delivered,no GRN required in the system. Cross check the invoice received from the vendor with limit and validity period of the Blanket PO.
The Main Advantage of Blanket Purchase order are
- Valid for Longer period.
- There is no goods receipt or service entry
- It is not necessary to create PO items for individual Procurement transaction.
- Order type FO ( Framework Order)
- Item Category B( Limit)
- Additional or Multiple account assignment possible in Invoice verification.
- Check on validity period and limit in invoice verification.
1) Go to t-code : ME21N
2) Create the blanket purchase order. Select the Framework Order from order type and enter the validity start date and validity end date in Header ( Additional Data)
3) Specify the vendor details, purchasing group, purchase organization and company code in header tab
4) Enter the Overall Limit and Expected value. 5) Choose Save and make a note of the purchase order number
1) Go to t-code : MIRO
2) Enter the Invoice date, net amount, tax amount from the vendor invoice.
3) On PO reference tab page, Choose Purchase order/Scheduling Agreement and enter the purchase order number
4) Choose Acct Assignment-Cost center in the Layout.
5) In the line item choose Acct Assignment and enter the account assignment data
6) For Multiple Account assignment enter the following data.
7) Press the simulate button and post the invoice
Check the purchase order history from purchase order display t-code ME23N.
Blanket purchase order tolerance limit configuration
Tolerance for value limits and validity periods can also be configured in the system. If the invoice exceeds these tolerance limits it will be blocked.
Material Management > Logistic invoice Verification > Invoice Block > Set tolerance Limits
- Tolerance key LA is defined for Blanket PO Value
- Tolerance key LD is defined for Blanket PO Validity period


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What does mean stuck?
Stuck describes something that's frozen or fixed in one place and can't be moved. If your foot gets stuck in the mud, it means you can't get your foot out of its messy trap. The lid of a jar can be stuck, and your car can get stuck in traffic; either way, the thing that's stuck isn't going anywhere.
What do you do if you get stuck in a traffic jam?
You can use time stuck in traffic to learn something new or enjoy this alone time instead.
- Listen to music and sing your heart out.
- Read your favorite book.
- Take a nap.
- Post something online about the traffic jam or things you see while stuck in traffic.
- Make a to-do list.
- Call a friend.
Are stuck with meaning?
Forced to tolerate, deal with, or manage someone or something. The executives want this in the final product no matter what, so it looks like we're stuck with it. Once you have kids with someone, you're pretty much stuck with that person for the rest of your life, even if you don't stay in a relationship.
How do you use stuck up in a sentence?
Use "stuck-up" in a sentence | "stuck-up" sentence examples
- His wife was a bit stuck-up.
- We thought his wife was stuck-up.
- Too stuck-up, considering what she was.
- Daughter Amanda is more stuck-up than a chimney sweep's brush.
- Tanya is so stuck-up.
- I can't stand her – she's so stuck-up.
What does struck by a car mean?
Struck is a person or thing that has been hit or attacked, or affected by a labor strike. An example of struck is a deer that's been hit by a car. An example of struck is a company with their employees on strike. verb.
What are the ways to strike a friendship with someone?
to become friends (with someone). I struck up a friendship with John while we were on a business trip together. If you're lonely, you should go out and try to strike up a friendship with someone you like.


text:
Wrapper functions to more user-friendly calling of certain math functions whose output data-type is different than the input data-type in certain domains of the input.
For example, for functions like log with branch cuts, the versions in this module provide the mathematically valid answers in the complex plane:
>>> import math >>> from numpy.lib import scimath >>> scimath.log(-math.exp(1)) == (1+1j*math.pi) True
Similarly, sqrt, other base logarithms, power and trig functions are correctly handled. See their respective docstrings for specific examples.


text:
Joyful: The Surprising Power of Ordinary Things to Create Extraordinary Happiness
By: Ingrid Fetell Lee
'Have you ever wondered why we stop to watch the orange glow that arrives before sunset, or why we flock to see cherry blossoms bloom in spring? Is there a reason that people— regardless of gender, age, culture, or ethnicity— are mesmerized by baby animals, and can't help but smile when they see a burst of confetti or a cluster of colorful balloons? We are often made to feel that the physical world has little or no impact on our inner joy. Increasingly, experts urge us to find balance and calm by looking inward— through mindfulness or meditation— and muting the outside world. But what if the natural vibrancy of our surroundings is actually our most renewable and easily accessible source of joy? In Joyful, designer Ingrid Fetell Lee explores how the seemingly mundane spaces and objects we interact with every day have surprising and powerful effects on our mood. Drawing on insights from neuroscience and psychology, she explains why one setting makes us feel anxious or competitive, while another fosters acceptance and delight— and, most importantly, she reveals how we can harness the power of our surroundings to live fuller, healthier, and truly joyful lives.


text:
The aim of this Quality Education Fund project was to set up a school network for teachers to have a platform for an interactive exchange of ideas, resources, services, and expertise among different schools that mutually address the needs of children with dyslexia in Hong Kong. A number of five primary schools were invited to participate in this project. Each school was requested to identify an area of concern in reading or writing for research and development. Each school also designed a 10-week teaching programme for children with dyslexia for the try-out of the chosen area of concern. The identified areas included story-telling for word identification, summarization for reading comprehension, recognition of word functions for writing, use of five senses for sentence making and co-teaching for teaching word recognition. A 5-day cross-site visitation was held among the five member schools during the implementation of the teaching programmes. Individual interviews were conducted for principals and teachers of member schools to evaluate the effectiveness of the network. It was found that teachers of member schools benefitted from the experience sharing in the immediate discussion after each peer observation. The most significant finding was that the motivation of the students was enhanced and their reading and writing skills were improved.
|Publication status||Published - 2008|


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Bring Your Animations to H264/HEVC Video
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8 Aug 2020CPOL
Bring your animations to H264/HEVC video using C++ and C# with h/w acceleration
In this article we go through four examples. In the first example we render a red video, in the second example we load a JPEG image with GDI+ and render once, that is when frame_cnt is zero, in the third example, we display first image and slowly alphablend with the second image until it appears, and in our last example, we show the two pre-rendered text images appearing from the middle of the video.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Last year, I introduced a single header windows-based video encoder for OpenGL that works on Windows 7 and above. See the above video demo! I have decoupled it from the OpenGL thread and make it simpler to encode a 2D frame. All you need is to fill in the frame buffer, frame by frame to create your animations. In this article, I use GDI+ since I am most familiar with it but you are welcome to use your favourite graphics library; The video encoder is not coupled with GDI+. HEVC codec used to come bundled with Windows 10 but now Microsoft has removed it and put it on sale in the Microsoft Store. That HEVC codec has a quality issue where higher bitrate has to be given to maintain the same quality as H264 encoded video. Make sure the video file is not opened or locked by video player before you begin to write to it. The new H264Writer C++ constructor is followed by C# counterpart:
H264Writer(const wchar_t* mp3_file, const wchar_t* dest_file, VideoCodec codec,
 int width, int height, int fps, int duration /*in milliseconds*/,
 FrameRenderer* frameRenderer, UINT32 bitrate = _PHONE_);
H264Writer(string mp3_file, string dest_file, VideoCodec codec,
 int width, int height, int fps, int duration /*in milliseconds*/,
 FrameRenderer* frameRenderer, uint bitrate);
The mp3_file parameter is a MP3 file path (which can be empty if you do not want any audio) and dest_file parameter is the resultant video file. codec parameter can be either H264 or HEVC. The width and height parameters refer to the video width and height. fps parameter is the frames per second of the video which I usually specified as 30 or 60. duration parameter refers to the video duration in milliseconds which can be set as -1 to indicate the video duration to be the same as the MP3. bitrate parameters refers to the video bitrate of bytes per second. Remember to set the bitrate higher for high resolution video and HEVC. The Render function signature of pure virtual FrameRenderer is below. The width and height is the video dimension. fps is the frames per second while frame_cnt is the frame count which auto-increments itself on every frame. pixels parameter is the single dimensional array to be filled up with your bitmap data. The return value should be false for catastrophic error which encoding shall be stopped. FrameRenderer is a class whose Render method is called on every frame, it should be implemented by the user.
class FrameRenderer
{
public:
 virtual bool Render(int width, int height, int fps, int frame_cnt, UINT32* pixels) = 0;
};
In C#, FrameRenderer is an interface.
interface FrameRenderer
{
 public bool Render(int width, int height, int fps, int frame_cnt, uint[] pixels);
};
Red Video
For our first example, I keep it simple. We just render a red video.
Red Video
This is the main function whereby H264Writer.h is included and H264Writer is instantiated and Process() is called to encode the video. Process() calls the given Render() of RenderRedImage.
#include "../Common/H264Writer.h"
int main()
{
 std::wstring musicFile(L"");
 std::wstring videoFile(L"C:\\temp\\RedVideo.mp4");
 RenderRedImage frameRenderer;
 H264Writer writer(musicFile.c_str(), videoFile.c_str(), VideoCodec::H264,
 640, 480, 30, 5000, &frameRenderer);
 if (writer.IsValid())
 {
 if (writer.Process())
 {
 printf("Video written successfully!\n");
 return 0;
 }
 }
 printf("Video write failed!\n");
}
The C# equivalent Main function is below. As you can see it is similar to C++ above.
using H264WriterDLL;
static void Main(string[] args)
{
 string musicFile = "";
 string videoFile = "C:\\temp\\RedVideoCSharp.mp4";
 RenderRedImage frameRenderer = new RenderRedImage();
 H264Writer writer = new H264Writer(musicFile, videoFile, VideoCodec.H264,
 640, 480, 30, 5000, frameRenderer, 40000000);
 if (writer.IsValid())
 {
 if (writer.Process())
 {
 Console.WriteLine("Video written successfully!\n");
 return;
 }
 }
 Console.WriteLine("Video write failed!\n");
}
Below is the C++ RenderRedImage class. It only renders when frame_cnt is zero, meaning on the first frame because since pixels remains unchanged, there is no need to fill it up again on every frame.
// render a red image once!
class RenderRedImage : public FrameRenderer
{
public:
 bool Render(int width, int height, int fps, int frame_cnt, UINT32* pixels) override
 {
 if (frame_cnt == 0)
 {
 for (int col = 0; col < width; ++col)
 {
 for (int row = 0; row < height; ++row)
 {
 int index = row * width + col;
 pixels[index] = 0xffff0000;
 }
 }
 }
 return true;
 }
};
Below is the C# RenderRedImage class.
// render a red image once!
public class RenderRedImage : FrameRenderer
{
 public bool Render(int width, int height, int fps, int frame_cnt, UInt32[] pixels)
 {
 if (frame_cnt == 0)
 {
 for (int col = 0; col < width; ++col)
 {
 for (int row = 0; row < height; ++row)
 {
 int index = row * width + col;
 pixels[index] = 0xffff0000;
 }
 }
 }
 return true;
 }
}
Pixel format is in Alpha,Red,Green,Blue (ARGB) format. For example, you want a blue video, just change to pixels[index] = 0xff0000ff;
One JPEG Video
For our second example, we load a JPEG image with GDI+ and render once, that is when frame_cnt is zero.
Video with 1 image
Because we are using GDI+ now, we have to include the Gdiplus.h header and its Gdiplus.lib. frameRenderer type is set to RenderJPG class now.
#include "../Common/H264Writer.h"
#include <Gdiplus.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "gdiplus.lib")
int main()
{
 std::wstring musicFile(L"");
 std::wstring videoFile(L"C:\\temp\\JpgVideo.mp4");
 RenderJPG frameRenderer;
 H264Writer writer(musicFile.c_str(), videoFile.c_str(), VideoCodec::H264,
 640, 480, 30, 10000, &frameRenderer);
 if (writer.IsValid())
 {
 if (writer.Process())
 {
 printf("Video written successfully!\n");
 return 0;
 }
 }
 printf("Video write failed!\n");
}
This is the equivalent C# Main function.
using H264WriterDLL;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Drawing2D;
using System.Drawing.Imaging;
static void Main(string[] args)
{
 string musicFile = "";
 string videoFile =


Best scare pranks Pictures
Scare pranks are pretty much self-explanatory. To break it down: A practical joke is a mischievous trick played on a person. Prank is a slang word for a practical joke. Scare pranks are practical jokes meant to frighten an individual, like in the "Girl Shrieks Over Bathroom Prank" video below. See More »
More Info About Scare Pranks
People pull scare pranks because the victim's reaction is usually hilarious. Scare prank videos are commonly popular among young, internet-savvy users. Usually the prank victim will either cry, get angry or be relieved that it was just a joke. Scare pranks are are almost always carried out by friends perpetrating their trickery on unsuspecting friends (such as two of the featured videos below), but they are occasionally played on unsuspecting strangers to varying degrees of success.
It takes a certain type of person to pull of a successful scare prank.
 1. No mercy. Once you decide to prank someone, there's no backing down.
 2. Poker face. You have to keep a straight face; otherwise your prank victim will know something is going on.
 3. Premeditation. Scare pranking requires some planning ahead, and of course planting a camera in the room.
 4. You might be a jerk.You're probably someone who does not feel bad making someone cry or scaring the bejesus out of them.
It takes a certain type of humor to enjoy scare pranks; not everyone finds them funny, especially the victims. But if you absolutely have to pull one, try the old jumping out of the fridge prank, the fake spider in the shower prank, or maybe even the axe murderer hiding behind the door prank. It's all in good fun.
scare pranks Pictures


text:
The Jefferson County Educational Service Center (JCESC) was one of 88 county school districts established in 1914 by the Ohio General Assembly. County school districts were charged with responsibility for elevating the state's system of education to a proper standard, and the work of county staff was primarily regulatory and compliance-driven. Staff developed courses of study, provided teacher inservice training, and supervised classrooms. In 1995, county school districts were renamed educational service centers, a title that appropriately describes a shift in focus from compliance to service and reflects the current work of ESCs.
Today, JCESC embraces a system-wide culture of service that begins with the leadership of the Governing Board and extends across all licensed and classified staff. In response to constituent needs, JCESC
- provides high quality professional development embedded in the National Staff Development Standards, for district administrators and teachers,
- coordinates collaborative programs for constituent districts to eliminate duplication of human and financial resources,
- participates in interagency collaborative programs across Jefferson and Harrison Counties to provide efficient, cost-effective responses to at-risk student issues,
- collaborates with higher education in leadership initiatives,
- provides collaborative, cost-effective direct services for students with disabilities,
- administers the Virtual Learning Academy, an e-learning program that preserves district student and fiscal bases across the State, Country and Internationally, and
- sponsors the The Jefferson Health Plan, a partially self-funded health insurance program serving more than 250 school districts and political subdivisions
Details of these and numerous other programs and services are available on this website.
Click any topic to learn more about the Jefferson County Educational Service Center.


Public Release: Football displays fractal dynamics
Physicists reveal that the real-time dynamics in a football game are subject to self-similarity characteristics in keeping with the laws of physics
Football fascinates millions of fans, almost all of them unaware that the game is subject to the laws of physics. Despite their seemingly arbitrary decisions, players obey certain rules, as they constantly adjust their positions in relation to their teammates, opponents, the ball and the goal. A team of Japanese scientists has now analysed the time-dependent fluctuation of both the ball and all players' positions throughout an entire match. They discovered that a simple rule governs the complex dynamics of the ball and the team's front-line. These findings, published in EPJ B, could have implications for other ball games, providing a new perspective on sports science.
A. Kijima, K. Yokoyama, H.Shima, and Y. Yamamoto (2014), Emergence of self-similarity in football dynamics, European Physical Journal B, DOI 10.1140/epjb/e2014-40987-5
For more information visit:
The full-text article is available to journalists on request.


text:
Hello everyone! Sarah Martin here to liveblog Saturday afternoon's Special Panel in the Blackfriars Playhouse. Today, we will hear two presentations: Tiffany Stern from the University of Oxford's Why Der Berstraffe Brudermord Might Be a Puppet Play (you can see Der Berstraffe Brudermord performed as a puppet play courtesy of Beth Burns and the Hidden Room theatre this evening at 9:30pm in the Blackfriars Playhouse) and The Complete Works presented by Paul Menzer from Mary Baldwin College, Jeremy Lopez from the University of Toronto, Andrea Stevens from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and Genevieve Love from Colorado College.
Tiffany Stern, Oxford University
"Why Der Berstraffe Brudermord Might be a Puppet Play"
Stern begins her presentation with a brief explanation of Der Berstraffe Brudermord saying that it is an "eighteenth-century play of extraordinary awfulness". She says that Der Berstraffe Brudermord is probably not a puppet play, but that this possibility is certainly there. Stern's interest in the play began with research about puppet plays and the discovery of a puppet Hamlet. She explains that the text of the Der Berstraffe Brudermord is very close to the Quarto 1 Hamlet. This informs us that Q1 Hamlet must have been circulating in Germany at some point before Der Berstraffe Brudermord was written. Stern notes that the first mention of the possible puppet Hamlet was in 1779. She explains that Germany experienced a period of fascination with Shakespeare's works during the eighteenth century. She gives a brief history of English players in Germany. She explains that the same English players also performed in the Czech Rebublic. A Czech account of the English players' performances states that the actors, "alternately performed an actors' and a marionette repertoire". Stern gives an example of an Italian puppet Hamlet called Amleto from the 1660s that informs us that Shakespeare's plays were circulating on the continent before the plays were available in good translations.
As evidence for why Der Berstraffe Brudermord might be a puppet play, Stern notes that the Prologue requires four women, but the play only has two women characters. When the character of NIGHT enters, she does so in "flying machinery"–much easier for a puppet to accomplish rather than a person, obviously. The play also includes a lot of violent moments that occur from behind. All action in puppet shows takes place from behind and this contributes to why Der Berstraffe Brudermord might be a puppet play. Stern notes that Der Berstraffe Brudermord has several moments of fireworks–another hallmark of puppet shows. She points to the "Closet Scene" moment when the Hamlet character sees the ghost of his father and fireworks go off. Including fireworks at this moments seems odd and contributes to the "absurdity" one expects in puppet shows.
Sterns contacted Beth Burns about the possibility of the puppet show performance and Burns jumped on the idea. Stern says that she was nervous about the actual performance, and said "what if I'm wrong, oh but what if I'm not" and that led to tonight's production.
Paul Menzer, Mary Baldwin College; Jeremy Lopez, University of Toronto; Andrea Stevens, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; and Genevieve Love, Colorado College
The Complete Works
Paul Menzer begins his presentation by having the Mary Baldwin College MFA students pass out sheets of paper that contains lists of words all beginning with the same two letters (I have "ex" words). He then asks the audience to read aloud all of the many words on their pages as he does the same. As the reading comes to a close, Menzer notes that the ASC will produce Timon of Athens this Spring and will at that point, have performed all of Shakespeare's words. He then points out that we have done just that in a matter of a few minutes. The papers contained all of the words found in Shakespeare's works. Menzer points out that our performance, in claiming to have performed The Complete Works of Shakespeare, represents a "scaling fallacy". He notes that the "Complete Works" idea has the problem of scale. He explains that Shakespeare's Complete Works is large in comparison to Marlowe, but not compared to that of Thomas Heywood. Menzer then goes on to note that "Shakespeare's Complete Works is not bigger than Marlowe's, there's just more of it". He points out the problematic idea of "Complete Works" is that it implies a finishing point. He explains that scale is a measure not just of size, but of form as the agent doing the measuring is part of it. We, as those agents, contribute to Shakespeare's Complete Works–and contribute to what that term means exactly.
Jeremy Lopez begins by telling the audience that the word "disappointed" occurs only once in all of Shakespeare's works. Lopez gives several examples of word counts throughout works of great literature. Lopez argues of such "word counting" exercises are only applied to iconic authors and plays. He argues that we only decide to look for the instances of the word "blood" in Macbeth, for example, because we already know the play. Giving examples of several such instances of repeated words in plays that do not really have anything to do with those words, Lopez argues that repetition does not equal emphasis or meaning. He notes that though his paper, "is about disappointment, the word "disappointed" appears only once."
Andrea Stevens begins her presentation with an explanation of the use of the term "invulnerable" in Shakespeare's plays. She explains that it is the "vulnerable" bodies that are the victims of violence. Quoting Judith Butler, Stevens notes that our bodies are never exclusively our own. Our bodies also always have political value. She argues that Shakespeare's tragedies are explorations of how characters discover that they are, in fact, vulnerable and that their bodies are not their own.
Genevieve Love begins with a discussion of the "vulnerable". She talks about how characters with missing limbs and other physical disabilities give important bibliographical and textual history as well. Prosthetic bodies, Love argues, represent the incomplete articulation of the plays themselves. She points to Dr. Faustus–a play with both "A" and "B" texts as an example of how the disability of the body also represents the disability and deformity of corrupt texts. She argues that the dismemberment and multiplication of one, whole body into diverse incomplete parts is a reflection of the corruption and mutilation of early modern texts.


text:
Hanging Temple (Xuankong Si)
Heng Shan (Bei Yue), Shanxi
Heng Shan is one of five sacred Daoist mountains, climbed by emperors to seek blessings from the time of Qin Shi Huang onwards. The spectacular Hanging Temple was first built by the Northern Wei, although its present structures only date from the Qing Dynasty. The long poles, that seem to prop up its buildings, are more for visual effect. The temple is actually cut into the side of the rock, with additional support from cantilevered floor beams that have been socketed into the cliff (closeup).
Xuankong is religiously eclectic. Of the three major halls seen here, the leftmost is Buddhist, the middle is Daoist, and the rightmost is Confucian.


text:
Filtering the Full-Text Derivative File
Tutorial by Ian Milligan (Archives Unleashed Team)
We have some filtering tools already built into the Archives Unleashed Cloud -- for example, the "Text by Domain" button will give you a zip file of the text of the top ten domains within a web archive. Yet you may want to filter the derivative files further, so that they for example:
- Only contain websites from a certain date (i.e. all sites collected on July 16th, 2009)
- Only contain websites from a certain domain (i.e. the plain text of all "liberal.ca" websites), especially if they're not in the top ten domains but you know they are there.
- Only contain websites that have a certain keyword (i.e. every page that contains the word "elephant")
Fortunately, you can easily do this with some simple tools.
Grep is a Unix utility that stands for "globally search a regular expression and print." In short, it lets you take a text file and find lines that match criteria that you specify. Grep is especially useful for working with the files that the Cloud generates because each line in the full-text file corresponds to one website in the collection.
If you are on Linux or MacOS, you have Grep already installed. If you're on Windows, you will need to install a program called "Git Bash." You can install this via their "full installer" here. Follow these instructions to install.
One catch is that Grep only runs on the command line. The command line is powerful, but not always straightforward. Fortunately, there is a good walkthrough at the Programming Historian: Introduction to Bash. For the purposes of this tutorial, you will want to be able to "find" files in the command line.
A Command Line Example: Finding the Derivatives
In addition to the resources above, an example might give you a sense of how relatively straightforward it can be to locate files. Imagine that in the Cloud interface, you download the "full text" file. On MacOS, this defaults to your "downloads" directory.
To open the command line on MacOS, we go to our "Applications" folder, "Utilities," and then select "Terminal." You will see this window (your colours might be different):
By default, you start in your home user directory. You can now change the directory to downloads by typing:
If you type:
You will then see a long list of all of the files in this directory. Amongst them should be the file you downloaded from the Cloud! You could begin working on it here, or you could move it somewhere else on your file system. For more information on this, see the Bash tutorial above.
In the following example, I will use the files from the "Fort McMurray" collection. You can follow along with your own files, simply changing the collection number to your own (i.e. instead of 7368-fulltext.txt it might be 1234-fulltext.txt).
Let's imagine that we have a collection, but we just want part of it: in this case, the sites that match a certain date. This won't necessarily be the date that sites were created but will instead be the date that sites were crawled.
To do so, let's take a look at the basic structure of the full text file. We can do so by either opening up the file in a text editor, or in the command line, we can type a command that shows us the first x lines of a file.
In the directory where the file was downloaded (i.e. your "downloads" directory above or somewhere else), type the following command. It will just show the first two lines of a file, or in our case, the first two websites.
head -n 2 7368-fulltext.txt
Here we see the results:
The first two results aren't helpful to a researcher – the first document is a 301 error which was crawled but was redirecting browsers elsewhere, and the second is an error message from another 302. But what they do show is the basic structure of the file.
It is arranged like so:
So for date, if we wanted only sites that were crawled on 22 May 2016, we would need to convert them into a standardized format. In our case, dates are arranged like so YYYYMMDD, or Year-Month-Day. So 22 May 2016 is
To find these sites, let's construct a grep command. I will provide it below and then explain what it does.
grep '^(20160522' 7368-fulltext.txt > 20160522-text.txt
The basic structure of this command is:
grep PATTERN FILE-TO-ANALYZE > FILEOUTPUT.TXT
For the example pattern above, the quotation marks enclose the pattern we are looking for.
^ represents the "start of the line," and then since there is an opening parenthesis we look for that too. We then provide an output path for the results. In this case, there will now be a new file – 20160522-text.txt – that just contains the crawl text from 22 May 2016.
Finding Specific Domains
If the domain is in the top ten, you can use our handy "text by domain" derivative to work with it out of the box. If you want to find a different domain, however, you may have to do a bit of work yourself.
The logic is similar to finding specific domains. We'll also use grep. In the example above, we saw two different domains. Let's use "_URL_" as our example and get only websites from that domain.
We turn to grep again:
grep ',_URL_,' 7368-fulltext.txt > RMWB-text.txt
We now have a text file that just contains websites from the "_URL_" domain.
And of course, things are relatively similar with keywords. This can be the easiest one.
grep 'helicopter' 7368-fulltext.txt > helicopter-text.txt
We now just have the text of all websites that contain the word "helicopter."
These relatively straightforward commands need a bit of practice, but before you know it, you'll be filtering your web archive files like an expert. You can then move on to subsequent analysis steps, or if it's small enough, maybe even just start reading.


text:
Are you a teacher looking for a fun way to educate your students on other cultures?
Visit _URL_ to learn about requesting a South Asian arts workshop for your class. (If you're not a teacher, quick, tell your teacher friends!)
Started in 2013, the _TAG_ for Youth program by monstrARTity helps teachers fill gaps in South Asian curriculum by providing school children of all backgrounds hands-on workshops in Bollywood and Bhangra dance, Hindi music, ghazal writing, mandala-making, filmmaking and more.
Supported by the Peel District School Board, Halton Catholic District School Board and York Region District School Board, workshops led by professional artists are available virtually to schools in BC and ON and in-person to schools in ON.
- Anti-Racism and Anti-Oppression: South Asian students will see themselves reflected in the curriculum, while creating safe and inclusive space for students of all backgrounds to engage in South Asian culture
- Mental Health: students express themselves, relieve stress and anxiety, and explore their experiences and emotions
- Social Studies: teachers can connect arts education with curriculum regarding traditions, material culture, identity within a multicultural society and human impact on the environment.
- Arts Education: teachers get access to expert resources to expand the students' exposure to classical and contemporary South Asian art forms
The program has reached over 23,000 students to date!