text:
The New Year offers an opportunity to reflect on the last year and think about goals for the next. In this two-part series, Shelburne Museum's objects conservator, Nancie Ravenel, shares last year's work-related high points and what they mean for 2019.
What I Did Last Summer
As a conservator, I work to stay abreast of developments in the field, often by attending conferences or workshops and reading literature. One thing I don't get to do very often is visit colleagues at other museums and actually experience how they do their jobs. While no museum conservator's job is exactly the same, there's a lot that can be learned and adapted for use.
Colonial Williamsburg (CW) and Shelburne Museum each have a purpose-built museum building with busy changing exhibition schedules as well, as house collections in historic vernacular buildings, so we do have a whole lot in common, but the institutions are very different in size and have very different organizational structures.
I was thrilled that Patty Silence, director of conservation operations (aka conservation ops) at CW, offered to welcome me for four days in August to visit the conservation labs and facilitated an opportunity to learn how the conservation team at CW interacts and collaborates with the facilities and architectural preservation and research teams. Mostly I did that by sitting in on structural condition triage meetings, attending behind-the-scenes tours offered by architectural history and conservation staff, and asking lots of questions of staff members as they went about their days. I learned a ton, and gave a short lunchtime presentation about the trip to my Shelburne Museum collections and buildings preservation colleagues after I got back.
One thing that provided me with a lot of food for thought was the Building Detective tour of the Robert Carter House, during which two summer interns from the architectural history department shared findings about the building's history gleaned from the CW Foundation's archives, physical examination of the structure, and through collaborations with conservator and materials analyst Kristin Travers Moffitt to understand the building's paint history.
Robert Carter House (constructed possibly _PHONE_ based on dendrochronology on attic beams, restored as a residence 1931-32) at Colonial Williamsburg. Photo: Nancie Ravenel
A Colonial Williamsburg architectural history intern walks the group through the layers within a wall reconstructed in 1931-32 within the Robert Carter House. Photo: Nancie Ravenel
Here at Shelburne Museum, I'm collaborating with the buildings preservation team to do a similar, but perhaps less invasive, examination of Stagecoach Inn (originally constructed Charlotte, VT c. 1785, moved to Shelburne Museum 1949) in preparation for a renovation and collections re-installation currently slated to begin November 2019. Museum guides tell me that visitors often ask about the colors used on the gallery walls, and so, like those architectural history interns, I will be sharing my findings to date about Stagecoach Inn's reconstruction in 1949, and its paint history on February 20 at 2 pm in the Pizzagalli Center for the Arts auditorium. I also plan to make some labels that highlight this work in the building so that visitors can learn more about the structure next season. Hope you can join us!
This paint cross section from wood molding on the first floor southeast room in Stagecoach Inn shows layers of paint applied here at the Museum as well as earlier paint layers. This image is a composite of pictures taken in visible light and ultraviolet light. The ultraviolet light image has a darker green tonality.
This paint cross section taken from the second floor east room reveals layers of varnish, visible as bright yellow line, applied over paint in the early years at the Museum. This image is a composite of pictures taken in visible light and ultraviolet light. The ultraviolet light image has a darker green tonality overall.
Thanks again to the conservators, conservation technicians and architectural history staff at Colonial Williamsburg, notably Patty Silence, Joel Voron, Jennifer Thornton, Colleen Sinnott, Matthew Webster, Dani Jaworkski, and Emily Campbell, for taking time out of their days last August and being so patient with all my questions.
–Nancie Ravenel, objects conservator at Shelburne Museum


Quick Answer: Are Snakes Legal In Japan?
You can bring animals like snakes, parrots, and parakeets and keep them as pets.
However, some species are targeted, so be careful.
Can you have a pet monkey in Japan?
Animals and pets. Every pet has its own life. Animals that could attack people such as medium-size monkeys, raptorial birds (eagles and hawks), crocodiles and snakes are categorized as specified animals. If you wish to keep one as a pet, you are required to obtain permission from the Governor of Tokyo.
What kind of pets can you have in Japan?
5 Animals That are Popular Pets in Japan
 - Dogs. Dogs are very popular in Japan, and you are able to get them from almost any pet shops.
 - Cats. Cats are also very popular in Japan because the owner does not need to take a time to take care of them so much compared to dogs.
 - Fish. Fish are also very popular as pet in Japan.
 - Birds.
 - Rabbits.
What snakes are in Japan?
There are three species of poisonous snake in Japan: the Japanese keelpack, the habu and mamushi. The Japanese keelpack(yamakagashi) has distinctive yellow, red and black markings and can be as thick as a man's arm.
Why do so many Japanese people have pets?
Because of the declining birthrate and aging population in Japan, there are an increasing number of households in Japan with pets and no children. Since some families have no children, they instead pamper and lavish their pets like they would do their own children. Pets in Japan are not only for companionship.
Can you have a pet fox in Japan?
Bringing a dog/cat/fox/raccoon/skunk
Dogs and cats brought from outside Japan are quarantined and kept in quarantine facilities. The period of quarantine can vary from 12 hours to 180 days. For more information about importing the domestic animals, check our article about moving with pets to Japan.
Can you own a raccoon in Japan?
Not surprisingly, it is now illegal to import raccoons to Japan. It's also important to look at the cause of Japan's raccoon importation specifically: a pet craze.
Do Japanese like dogs?
Although Japan's crowded environment makes for a not so pet-friendly country, Japanese have found ways to incorporate their pets into their everyday lives. Although small dogs are preferred, one of the most popular dog breeds in Japan is the Shiba Inu, which can grow to be two feet tall and weigh up to 25 pounds.
Can I buy a dog in Japan?
If you are living in Japan temporarily, animal rights advocates advise you not to buy or even adopt a pet while here. Instead, volunteer at adoption fairs, play with dogs and cats at shelters on weekends, and donate to an animal charity.
How do you say dog in Japanese?
Japanese word for dog is inu – YouTube.


Lab organizes workshop for Children's University
Alexandra, Jan and Lendert organized a workshop at the Children University event of KU Leuven. Several groups of children in primary school (8-12 years old) visited the university and they played several games in which they learned how more complex patterns can emerge from simple rules. The picture shows the kids applying one of Wolfram's cellular automata rules using two-color cardboards.


text:
This should be moved to themes.tiki.org
Note: This info seems out of date for Tiki 15. Check themes.tiki.org for up to date info.
Table of contents
- Customizing Themes
- How to create a custom theme
- Theme file locations
- How to modify template (.tpl) files
- The layout of Tiki
- Overriding templates
- Multiple themes with a common custom template set
- Overriding global special-purpose CSS files
- Theme Options
- Overriding icons
For an overview of existing themes, see themes.
- The application layout (basic structure)
- The presentation of elements in the layout (style)
- Pick a name for the theme. Check the styles directory to make sure there's not an existing theme with the same name.
- For this example, we're going to create a theme called screensite.
- Using the theme name you chose in the first step, create a.css file in the styles directory. If you are using an existing theme as the base for the new theme, copy that theme's CSS file and rename it. Alternatively, you can start with the CSS file at _URL_ which contains (hopefully all, but at least) most of the current CSS selectors along with placeholder properties.
- If your theme needs more radical changes than can be accomplished with CSS alone, then custom templates may be necessary. In this case, using your new theme name, create a sub-directory in the templates/styles directory.
- For example, create templates/styles/screensite. Having custom, theme-specific template files is not encouraged, because this makes updating your Tiki installation more difficult, as the files will probably need to be updated to stay in sync with the default versions.
- Copy the default or other theme's template file(s) needing to be modified to your new theme directory.
- See _URL_ for more information.
At this point, your new theme has been created! If you go to User Preferences and check the drop-down menu for Theme, you'll find your theme listed (e.g., screensite.css). Of course, if existing-theme files were used as the base and no editing was done yet, your new theme will look just the same as the theme you based it on.
See also Theme layout schema.
The specific template files will differ based on which pre-existing theme you choose, but some of the commonly used files are:
- tiki.tpl: the main template defining the layout of the whole application
- tiki-show_page.tpl: this displays wiki content in the center of the page (replaces $mid_data in tiki.tpl). Similarly, there are other templates with names reflecting their purpose, such as tiki-view_blog_post.tpl. These generally match the names of the PHP file in the URL when the section is being viewed.
- error.tpl: used to display errors in Tiki versions prior to 2.0.
- header.tpl: contains the HTML head section.
- tiki-site_header.tpl: "Look and Feel" page heading
- tiki-top_bar.tpl: varies according to theme, but may contain top navigation bar, etc.
- tiki-bot_bar.tpl: bottom icons, credits, etc.
- the template files with names like tiki-print.tpl are used for printable representation of objects so you usually don't want to change them.
As you can see, it easy easy to modify the layout of the whole tiki application by just changing the stylesheet or possibly a template file or two.
As we saw above, the template files for a custom theme live in a directory named something like templates/styles/screensite. Theme-specific versions of default template subdirectory files live just one directory below there, in templates and its subdirectories, notably:
This technique works on files in the subdirectories, too. E.g., to change the application menu in your theme, copy the file mod-application_menu.tpl from
When creating a theme you can override any template file. You just need to put a modified template file in the directory templates/styles/screensite or its subdirectory, as appropriate.
(A theme name with one of these characters.- has special behavior. See below 'To have multiple.css with only one templates set'.)
For example, if we wanted to modify the forum listing in our screensite theme, and wanted to modify it more extremely than can be done with CSS, we'd copy the file tiki-forums.tpl from
Then we'd edit then new, moved copy of the file.
Tiki will substitute whatever is in your custom theme directory for the same template files in the default directories.
W3C provides tutorials and other tools for learning CSS principles: _URL_
- Start with the stylesheet shown at _URL_ for a theme that uses the *litecss layout method (common in Tiki 2 and default in Tiki 3), or choose an existing theme and find its CSS file in the styles directory. Please note that the CSS files are not in the templates directory tree. In a default Tiki installation, there are two directories named styles under the Tiki root:
- styles (for CSS files)
- templates/styles (for the custom-theme sub-directories, into which you put template files--as we just did above)
- Copy the CSS file, rename it as your new theme name, and keep it in the styles directory with all the other CSS files. For example, screensite.css.
- Edit it to produce a style for your theme--selecting things like fonts, background colors and the behavior of hypertext links.
- If you wish to add images to your CSS style, it's best to create a subdirectory for them beneath the styles directory--giving it your theme's name.
- For example, styles/screensite
Theme options provide for variations of a theme, for example, changing colors, column widths or other details. A theme's option CSS files, if it has them, are in the styles/themename/options folder. These files can be named anything, but only one (or none) is active at any given moment, and will override the main CSS rules.
The icon file must be in styles/your_style directory
For instance if you want to overwrite pics/icons/module.png and pics/icons/omodule.png(the two icons used for module flipping), put the images to be used in styles/your_domain/your_style/pics/icons.
- your_domain is only to be used if you are in a multitiki setting.
- your_style is a substring of your current style - if you current style is my_look-2009.css, your_style must be my_look (the part after the hyphen is considered a variant).
- The new icon images must be the same pixel size as the ones specified by the template (les icons doivent avoir la meme taille que celle specifiee dans le template) (default: 16x16).
Since you can change the CSS file and you can override any template your themes can make your Tiki site look like anything you want. The only limit is your imagination.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


What Multiples do Trucking Companies Sell For?
What Multiples do Trucking Companies Sell For?
multiples-trucking-companies-sell-forThere are many ways in which a trucking company valuation can be generated. A successful sale of a trucking company is determined by the preparation the seller has put into the listing of the firm. The company will ultimately be worth only what the acquirer is willing to pay for. In the following information, a valuation approach will be implemented that will consider the earnings and asset values of a trucking company. The two calculation methods that will be used are earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) and adjusted book value of tangible assets.
A common valuation structure is multiplying the earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortization by 4.5X. Trucking companies will often trade at higher multiples of their EBITDA, but the actual sale of the business will be based on a lower EBITDA multiple. For example, TransForce was able to acquire XPO logistics at a 4.9X EBITDA multiple. Therefore, to understand what multiples do trucking companies sell for, one must first calculate the EBITDA then multiply it by 4-5X to get the valuation price.
If a firm has an operating income (revenue-expenses) of $2500USD per truck per month, their annual EBITDA is $30,000 per vehicle. A fleet of 10 vehicles generates $300,000 annually. Subtracting the costs of 10 trailer units, 2 employees, office space rental, and other expenses not directly related to the profitability of a truck, the total estimated EBITDA equals $215,000USD/yr. As a result, the current valuation based on a multiple of 4.5X is $967,000.
Value of Assets
The value of assets is important to trucking companies. The calculation method most commonly used in valuing a company based on its assets is adjusted book value. To determine adjusted book value of 10 fleet tractors and 10 trailer units, assume the declared value of each equipment, subtract the liabilities (debt owing), and then calculate the fair market value of the equipment based on its selling potential. Fair market value – liability value = adjusted book value. Therefore, if the tractors are worth on average $30,000 each and trailer units are worth on average $15,000 each then the total adjusted book value of the equipment assets is $450,000.
Combining adjusted book value and EBITDA
Because trucking companies for the large part are hard asset based, recouping the value of the equipment in the sale of the business is important. A lot of emphases is placed on the spec'ing program of a trucking company because the method in which it acquires its equipment will influence whether it turns a profit or loss when the business is sold. Adjusted book value takes care of the depreciation aspect of EBITDA so this is advantageous to the buyer. While using both the adjusted book value and EBITDA in their full form may not prove for a successful sale, it is feasible to combine a percentage of each into the final valuation price.
How to Sell a Trucking Business
Not every trucking business is sellable. The degree of day-to-day involvement required by the purchaser will heavily influence their buying decision. In short, it must be self-sustaining. Informal business, lack of expertise by its fleet manager(s), and not enough streamlining of processes will diminish the selling proposition of the business. At most, 6 months should be the given time for the business to be listed for sale. The longer it stays listed, the less attractive it becomes to good, qualified buyers. Potential buyers include venture capital firms, larger existing logistics and freight transportation companies, and independent business people.
Risk is another factor that has a significant effect on the valuation. Risk is increased in a trucking business due to factors such as one or two customers make up a large portion of revenue, a key employee is necessary for the operation of the company, lack of sophisticated technology, and lack of accounting and human resources management strategies/processes.
Minimizing risks to the acquirer is one factor that will have a strong influence on the buyer's willingness to purchase the business. Often it may take numerous months to a couple years to prepare a business for a merger or acquisition.
You may wish to consult with a professional advisor who specializes in the freight industry. KSM Transport Advisors and Dan Goodwill & Associates are two companies that provide advisory services to businesses engaged in the transportation of freight.
2 Replies to "What Multiples do Trucking Companies Sell For?"
 1. I want to sell my trucking company, I need some advice on how to price it and negotiate it, are there companies out there who can help me accomplish my goal and what is the usual fee on these type of transactions???
 1. Hi Armando,
 I would recommend looking for a valuation company to determine what price you should sell your business. SP&H Value was recommended to me when I sold my business. Their fees are standard in the industry and they did great work.
 Thank you!
Leave a Reply
Your email address will not be published.


text:
posted by Jamal on.
Write a sentence comparing the graphs of equations with a positive coefficient of x and graphs with a negeative coefficient of x
Hard to say. Linear equations, parabolas, hyperbolas, what? There are lots of different functions, which have very little in common regarding the effect of negative x-coefficient.


) and crosslinker tetra-ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA)) hydrogel, and backing plate. Each of the individual sensors of the array can be used with various hydrogels used to measure the presence of a number of stimuli including pH, ionic strength, and glucose concentrations. Ideally, in the future, these sensors will be used for continuous metabolic monitoring applications and implanted subcutaneously. In this paper and to properly characterize the sensor assembly, hydrogels sensitive to changes ionic strength were synthesized using hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA), N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMA) and crosslinker tetra-ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and inserted into the sensor assembly. This hydrogel quickly and reversibly swells when placed environments of physiological buffer solutions (PBS) with ionic strengths ranging from 0.025 to 0.15 M, making it ideal for proof-of-concept testing and initial characterization. The assembly was wire bonded to a printed circuit board and coated with 3 ± 0.5 μm of Parylene-C using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to protect the sensor and electrical connections during ionic strength wet testing. Two versions of sensors were fabricated for comparison, the first incorporated diffusion pores into the diaphragm, and the second used a solid diaphragm with perforated backing plate. This new design (perforated diaphragm) was shown to have slightly higher sensitivity than solid diaphragm sensors with separate diffuse backing plates when coupled with the hydrogel. The sensitivities for the 1 mm
 4. Cross sections and thermonuclear reaction rates of proton-induced reactions on 37Cl
 International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
 Weber, R.O.; Tingwell, C.I.W.; Mitchell, L.W.; Sevior, M.E.; Sargood, D.G.
 1984-01-01
 The yields of γ-rays from the reactions of 37 Cl(p,γ) 38 Ar and 37 Cl(p,αγ) 34 S have been measured as a of bombarding energy over the ranges 0.65 - 2.15 MeV and 1.25 -2.15 MeV respectively, and the yield of neutrons from 37 Cl(p,n) 37 Ar from threshold to 2.50 MeV. The results are compared with global statistical-model calculations and thermonuclear reaction rates are calculated for the temperature range 5 x 10 8 - 10 10 K. The significance of these thermonuclear reaction rates for stellar nucleosynthesis calculations is discussed
 5. Oscillations During Thermonuclear X-ray Bursts: A New Probe of Neutron Stars
 Science.gov (United States)
 Strohmayer, Tod E.; White, Nicholas E. (Technical Monitor)
 2002-01-01
 Observations of thermonuclear (also called Type 1) X-ray bursts from neutron stars in low mass X-ray binaries (LMXB) with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) have revealed large amplitude, high coherence X-ray brightness oscillations with frequencies in the 300 - 600 Hz range. Substantial spectral and timing evidence point to rotational modulation of the X-ray burst flux as the cause of these oscillations, and it is likely that they reveal the spin frequencies of neutron stars in LMXB from which they are detected. Here we review the status of our knowledge of these oscillations and describe how they can be used to constrain the masses and radii of neutron stars as well as the physics of thermonuclear burning on accreting neutron stars.
 6. Controlled thermonuclear fusion and the latest progress on China's HT-7 superconducting tokamak
 International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
 Li Jiangang; Yang Yu
 2003-01-01
 After 50 years of research on controlled thermonuclear fusion, a new stage will be reached in 2003, when a site for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor project will be chosen to start the construction. Scientists hope that this project could herald a new era in which the energy problem will be solved completely. The great progress made on the HT-7 superconducting tokamak in China has provided positive and powerful support for fusion research. The HT-7 is one of the only two superconducting tokamaks in the world that can carry out minute-scale high temperature plasma research, and has achieved a duration of 63.95s for the hot plasma discharge. This is a major step towards real steady-state operation of the tokamak configuration. We present an overview of the latest progress on the tokamak experiments in the Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
 7. India's participation in the ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) collaboration
 International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
 Deshpande, Shishir
 2012-01-01
 Keeping its vision of developing fusion energy as a viable source, India joined the ITER collaboration in December 2005. ITER is a seven party collaboration with China, EU, India, Japan, S. Korea, Russia and the USA. ITER has a challenging mission of achieving Q=10 figure of merit at 500 MW fusion power output. The construction of ITER is structured as a set of 'in-kind' procurement packages to be executed by the partners. This involves all activities like design, prototyping, testing, shipping and assembly with commissioning at the ITER site at Cadarache, France. Currently, ITER presents the only opportunity to carry out novel experiments with burning plasmas and the new realms of fusion physics. It is important to participate in such experiments with a view for their exploitation in future. This talk summarizes the ITER device, its key challenges, role played by India and how these enmesh with the future of domestic program in fusion research. (author)
 8. Thermonuclear neutron sources - a new isotope production technology
 Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
 Heckman, Richard A [Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, University of California, Livermore, CA (United States)
 1970-05-15
 With the successful detonation of the Hutch device, we have demonstrated the feasibility of a new isotope production technique. The exposure of a 238-U and 232-Th target to an extremely large neutron flux, 1.8 x 10{sup 25} neutrons/cm{sup 2}, produced super-heavy nuclides up to 257-Fm by the multiple neutron capture process. Kilogram quantities of Hutch debris were recovered by a modification of standard drilling techniques. A semicontinuous batch process was used to concentrate approximately 10{sup 10} atoms of 257-Fm from approximately 50 kg of debris. Experience from the Hutch debris recovery efforts indicates that significant engineering advances in recovery techniques and subsequent cost reductions are possible. The demonstrated success of the device clearly justifies anengineering development program. Comparing debris recovery by underground mining operations with recovery using possible advances in drilling technology does not indicate an obvious cost advantage of one system over the other. Possible advances in mining technology could change this tentative conclusion. Any novel schemes for debris concentration that might be possible through an understanding of underground nuclear detonation phonomenology would also radically affect recovery and processing economics. A preliminary process engineering design of a large-scale (a few hundred to a few thousand kilograms) processing facility located at the Nevada Test Site will be discussed. Cost estimates for isotopes produced in this facility will be described. The effects of debris concentration, 'ore' beneficiation, and total debris processed on unit costs will be discussed. These preliminary estimates show that this new isotope 'production' scheme would be competitive with existing reactor facilities. (author)
 9. Free-Standing β-Ga2O3 Thin Diaphragms
 Science.gov (United States)
 Zheng, Xu-Qian; Lee, Jaesung; Rafique, Subrina; Han, Lu; Zorman, Christian A.; Zhao, Hongping; Feng, Philip X.-L.
 2018-02-01
 Free-standing, very thin, single-crystal β-gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) diaphragms have been constructed and their dynamical mechanical properties characterized by noncontact, noninvasive optical measurements harnessing the multimode nanomechanical resonances of these suspended nanostructures. We synthesized single-crystal β-Ga2O3 using low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) on a 3C-SiC epilayer grown on Si substrate at temperature of 950°C for 1.5 h. The synthesized single-crystal nanoflakes had widths of ˜ 2 μm to 30 μm and thicknesses of ˜ 20 nm to 140 nm, from which we fabricated free-standing circular drumhead β-Ga2O3 diaphragms with thicknesses of ˜ 23 nm to 73 nm and diameters of ˜ 3.2 μm and ˜ 5.2 μm using a dry stamp-transfer technique. Based on measurements of multiple flexural-mode mechanical resonances using ultrasensitive laser interferometric detection and performing thermal annealing at 250°C for 1.5 h, we quantified the effects of annealing and


Perforation FAQs:
Q: Is a perforation a small hole in a thin material or web?
A: Yes.
Q: Is a perforation used in ways to separate loose leaf?
A: Yes, A fine perforation next to the rings allows the page to be separated from the book with no confetti.
Q: Are perforations called perforating?
A: Yes, and which involves puncturing the workpiece with a tool.
Q: Is a perforation often carried out on roll slitting machines as the printed material is slit down to the finished roll size?
A: Yes.
Q: Is a perforation the consistency of the hole size?
A: Yes, and compared to mechanical perforation.
Q: Are perforations usually used to allow easy separation of two sections of the material?
A: Yes, such as allowing paper to be torn easily along the line.


Ark Survival Evolved: New Creatures in Genesis Part 2
There are many different creatures in Ark: Survival Evolved, which is also what attracts players. 7 new creatures have also been added to the latest update of Genesis Part 2. Below is an introduction to these creatures.
This creature is quite docile, but if you decide to kill it, it will drop animal skins, raw meat, fur, and keratin. You can find it in Eden along the northern half of the map, and it's easy to find.
This creature uses invisible power to track its prey, but you can still see it because of the faint shimmer around its body and its paw prints behind. If you want to tame the shadowmane, you must find them during the day when they are resting. They are most abundant in the southern half of the Rockwell side of the map.
If you happen to get this creature too close, it will repeatedly bite and attack and call on its siblings to help win the battle. You can tame it by stroking it twice and then feeding it the elements. It is a good vehicle because its saddle has thrusters and lasers.
Tek Stryder
Tek Stryder is a mechanical creature, once it is tamed, you can turn it into anything you want. It is most commonly found on the Eden side of the map, where you should build your base.
Noglin is a strange but interesting creature because it can control the thoughts of other creatures and survivors. You can tame it by letting it control your own tame.
It is a mechanical creature, very similar to a typical Wyvern. It can be tamed, but you must ride it. Tek Wyverns patrols the middle of the map between Eden and Rockwell and can be found near the asteroid.
They are very aggressive creatures. Summoners can only use cheat codes to force taming. It is not the creature you want to annoy, but if you kill it, every creature it summons will die with it.
For more information about Ark: Survival Evolved, please click


Best Build Fiori apps rule 7: Always use intent-based navigation to navigate within an app and between apps
At lot of people start developing own SAP Fiori Apps, but missing the programming guidelines to build a future proof applications for the Fiori Launchpad. At the SAP Teched 2015 in Las Vegas and Barcelona I presented my 10 golden rules to build future proof freestyle Fiori Applications based on UI5 SDK 1.28 and higher. In this series I will explain the background of the rules starting with the first golden rule:
Golden Rule 7: Always use intent-based navigation to navigate within an app and between apps
Fiori Launchpad allows users to launch applications in a different views or modes depending on its parameters. Fiori launchpad makes use of semantic objects and actions, so called intents, which are customized as targets and mapped at runtime to the actual urls of the target application. This mechanism is called intent-based navigation and allows you to decouple the navigation triggers from the actual navigation targets.
This allow you to start with the same Tile in the Fiori Launchpad different applications based device the user is uses or based on the role of the user has. If there isn't a valid target available, the Launchpad will not show the Tile.
Afbeelding
 Intent-based Navigation to different apps based on device or role (source: help.sap.com)

Intent-base navigation also will help to develop applications separately with their own lifecycle. By calling the intent, it is possible to navigate between apps, without they know each other. By using the same concept for inner-app navigation, meaning changing pages using the SAPUI5 routing control. It is even possible to store the state of the app (as a new tile) or share this it with others users using email or social media by sharing a url.
Actually this means that the UI5 app behind the Fiori Launchpad will recognize the target app by using and analyzing the query string of the url. For this hash-based routing concept is introduced in SAPUI5. The shell part of the query string behind the hash tag (#) will be translated into intent (Semantic Object-Action) and its parameters. Fiori Launchpad app will analyze the intent and uses the target mapping to find the correct Fiori Application and will load the component with the cross-app navigation parameters.
Afbeelding
 Hash-based routing in Fiori Launchpad (source: help.sap.com)

Based on app-specific part of the query string, the UI5 routing object will recognition a parameter pattern for the inner-app navigation and starts the app with the right screen and data. If someone doesn't have authorization and the right target mappings for application in its Fiori Launchpad, the url is useless on its own.
The behavior for the Fiori Launchpad is developed by SAP, so we only have to look what's needed for our Fiori App and the answer is simple:
-- You should implement the cross-app navigation and inner-app routing concept of UI5 --
The first step is to choose the right template for your application. This can be a Fiori Freestyle template like Full Page or Master-Detail or a Fiori Smart Template like overview pages (OVP). Based on the template you have to setup your routing into the metadata configuration. You specify the routing configuration like router class, view type and entry path, control id and aggregations and the transition animation type during the navigation. Next you have to specify the views and its level in the application as targets. These targets will be used for inner-app navigation using the navTo method of the router component. By setting up the routes in the metadata configuration, you also create different entry point of your application. The pattern in the hash-based routing will be recognized as route in the application and the component controller will load the correct pages. By adding a dynamic part to the route, you can even persist data in the query string, which can be analyzed by the target view.
Afbeelding
 SAP Fiori Application Templates (source: sap WebIDE 1.19.6)

When using the wizards of WebIDE to generate your freestyle Fiori applications, you will get a default setup for your routing. It will generate the right setup for the routing in metadata of app descriptor (manifest.json in UI5 SDK 1.30 and higher) or the component controller (component.js in UI) itself. The wizard will also generate the views including views for error handling. It also will add the getRouter() method for referencing the sap.ui.core.routing.Router object andonNavBack() method as event handler for the browser back button to the base controller (base.controller.js). The wizard will add the event handler for the router matching in the init() method of every view controllers.
Afbeelding
 Routing in App Descriptor using the Descriptor Editor (source: sap WebIDE 1.19.6)

This router matching event handler is very important for the hash-based routing concept and crucial for cross-app navigation. Based on the patterns of the routes, this event handler must analyze the route url and use its parameters to reset the state of the application.
For cross-app navigation, you can also use the Cross Application Navigation service of the Fiori Launchpad. This is an instance of the sap.ushell.services.CrossApplicationNavigation object. By calling this service, the app can dynamically pass parameters to another application and back. The called application can receive the parameters as startup parameters of component controller. In the app descriptor of an application you can customize the proposed intent and its parameters.
Afbeelding
 Customizing of the proposed intent in App Descriptor using the Descriptor Editor (source: sap WebIDE 1.19.6)
Keep in mind that the query string of the hash-based navigation will be exchanged with the server and cached in the browser cache. So you should prevent to use privacy data in your hash. So for security reason, its better that you only use a minimum set of keys (if possible without context like guids). As alternative for inner-app navigation, you can use the component controller to exchange data between views.
A Fiori Overview Page don't have views and in this case in stead of the routes you need to customize the cards in thesap.ovp section of the app descriptor, if you want to show on the overview page.
If you want to learn more about routing in UI5, please look at the tutorial in the documentation of the UI5 SDK. The routing concept is very important to understand and key for the viewport concept of Fiori 2.0, the successor of the Fiori Launchpad.
Blogger: Robert Eijpe, SAP Mentor
LinkedIn profiel
connect to innovate belooft heel bijzonder te worden!
Afbeelding
connect to innovate is de plek bij uitstek om ervaringen uit te wisselen, te netwerken en op de hoogte te blijven van de laatste ontwikkelingen.
Samen inspireren. Doe je mee?
Partners VNSG
Afbeelding
 AfbeeldingAfbeelding
Meest gelezen
Het VNSG Magazine
Afbeelding
Het nieuwe VNSG Magazine staat online!
VNSG Magazine verschijnt 4 keer per jaar. Het is hét vakblad voor alle SAP-gebruikers in Nederland en Vlaanderen.
Juni 2017
Bekijk de nieuwste updates van VNSG bloggers!
 - Mobile app development: comparison of native, -driven (SEAM), hybrid and web-based approaches | Blog Tamas Sziters
 - Altijd veilig achter de SAP-firewall', is dat wel waar? | Blog Arnoud Roebers
 - Help, wat doen ze met mijn programmeertaal? | Blog Ben Meijs
VNSG blogs
Beïnvloedingsprogramma's
Als klant kun je invloed uitoefenen op SAP Development waardoor jouw software straks nog meer doet wat je wilt.
Lees meer over de mogelijkheden om SAP-oplossingen te verbeteren!
Beïnvloeding van SAP
Internationaal
De VNSG maakt sinds 2007 onderdeel uit van het SAP User Group Executive Network (SUGEN). SUGEN is opgericht om de informatie-uitwisseling en kennisdeling tussen SAP gebruikersgroepen te stimuleren en om de samenwerking met SAP op strategische onderwerpen te coördineren. Het is een netwerk van 21 gebruikersgroepen verdeeld over 6 continenten.
Internationaal


Tutorial: Simple progress indicator for Adobe Captivate projects
10
Adobe Captivate 3 uses different variables to keep track of things when it runs. These variables can be read from Adobe Flash and used for many different purposes.
In this post I'll show you how to grab two variables from Adobe Captivate and then make a simple progress indicator you can use in your courses. The progress indicator it self is made in Adobe Flash and it's a very simple process. You can download all sourcefiles from this post.
The variables:
Lets start by looking at the two variables we need to read from Adobe Captivate.
rdinfoCurrentSlide – This variable contain the current slide/page of the Captivate project. Adobe Captivate counts the slides from 0 so basically 0 = page 1, 1 = page 2 etc.
rdinfoSlideCount – This variable contain the total amount of slides/pages in your Captivate project.
The Flash component:
So now that we know which variables we need it's relatively simply to get the data from them. I assume that you have basic knowledge of Adobe Flash and know how to set up a dynamic text field on the stage.
Open flash and create two dynamic text fields. Give them the instance names of curSlide_txt and totSlide_txt
Copy and paste the Actionscript below into Flash and save/publish your Flash file.
var currSlide;
this.stop();
onEnterFrame = function () {
currSlide = _root.rdinfoCurrentSlide +1;
this.curSlide_txt.text = currSlide;
this.totSlide_txt.text = _root.rdinfoSlideCount;
}
Now open up a Adobe Captivate project and import the Flash file you just made as an animation. Set it to start 0.5 seconds into the page and select no transition. I added the flash animation to my first slide in Captivate and selected "Display for rest of project".
That's all there is to it. If you publish your Captivate project now you can see the current slide and total slide.
Now all you need to do is make some nice graphics in Photoshop/Flash and make your progress indicator match your Captivate project.
Download sourcefiles (Captivate project & FLA file below)
Download Sourcefiles for Captivate Progress Indicator Version 1
Share.
10 Comments
 1. Thanks for this explanation. I downloaded the files and they seem to work if I just use your files in my course. If I try to make my own it doensn't work. I don't understand why.
 I would really like to have this feature in my courses but would like to have a graphic bar to show the progress in the course instead of just page 1 of 5.
 Would it be possible for you to make that and share it here?
 Brgds,
 Captiv8tor
 2. Hi Captiv8tor,
 Are you sure that you have copied/paste the actionscript exactly like the one in my post? Also make sure that you have given the instancenames the correct names. If you use capital letters in an instancename then you need to use capital letters in the actionscript aswell.
 As for you other question. Well yes I have been thinking about making something like that but I haven't really had the time.
 My plan is to make a component in Flash that grabs the settings from an XML file. The user would then be able to change colors of the bar and background and change the text directly in the XML file without having to open Flash or even know how to use Flash.
 It will be possible for the user to change between a horisontal and a vertical progress bar with this component. I would probably put it up on Adobe Exchange but charge a small fee for it.
 3. Pingback: Captivate Progress Bar | Captivate 4
 4. Yeah sorry it was me that did it wrong. I named the textfields wrong in flash so that is why it didnt work.
 5. Hi
 Congratulations for the blog and for the tai soup too. Looks like delicious.
 I need some help with this command. I've to migrate my script from AS2 to AS3, that I use to change the frame and load another swf. Here is:
 // criando o event listener
 addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, fncOnEnterFrame);
 function fncOnEnterFrame(evt:Event):void{
 if(mc.rdinfoCurrentSlide == (mc.rdinfoSlideCount – 1))
 nextFrame();
 // removendo o listener
 removeEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, fncOnEnterFrame);
 }
 The mc is the object in the stage. But it's not working. Could you help me? Anyway, thanks.
 RB
 6. Have you tried to add this slide counter to the captivate skin? I am creating a project that needs that sort of tweaking and working on it for a while. I havent' been able to get it to work just yet..
 Any ideas?
 Thanks for your posts BTW, very useful post on the captivate 4 variables
 7. Pingback: Captivate Progress Bar | CP Guru - Adobe Captivate E-learning Blog


text:
A school has submitted plans to build at artificial grass pitch (AGP) on its grounds that anyone can use.
Sir William Robertson Academy, in Welbourn, near Sleaford, has asked for permission to build a football pitch on its grounds which would be open for use by the community outside of school hours
These would sit on an area of the current playing fields to the west of the main school, which would have to built over to make way for the new pitches.
The new facility would hold an under 18s football pitch, two under 12s football pitches, two mini soccer pitches and four training areas.
In planning documents submitted to North Kesteven District Council, it states no extra parking would be needed on the site as there are already approximately 138 parking spaces at the school and these would be empty when they would be being used.
The pitches would be available for use until 10pm on weekdays and 8pm on weekends, although the developer states the noise impact from this will be "negligible" compared to what it normally is.
It added that the lighting scheme had been "designed to minimise the impacts on surrounding land" and this would not have too great an impact on nearby houses.
In a design and access statement submitted by Labosport on behalf of the school, it states the loss of part of the school's playing fields is acceptable.
"Whilst this proposal will result in the loss of part of a grass playing field and playing pitches, the provision of a new AGP will provide increased usage in comparison to the area of playing field it replaces," it states.
"This intensification of use is made possible by the introduction of an artificial grass surfaced field of play which is more durable in comparison to natural turf especially during winter weather conditions, plus the provision of floodlights."
It added that if approved, the plans would benefit the health of people who use it whether they are from the school or not.
"This project will encourage more people to take part in sport, cultural and leisure activities and will promote increased physical activity and improved mental wellbeing to support healthier lifestyles," it states.
"The proposed AGP will make football available to all regardless of age, ability, gender, religion or ethnic backgrounds."
Never miss another Lincolnshire story with our email updates
Subscribe to our email updates today to guarantee you never miss another Lincolnshire story.
Our daily newsletters are jam-packed with the best stories hand-picked by our news editors.
To sign up just head over to this page - or enter your email into the black box at the top of this story.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Notes and Thoughts
Discursive working and evergreen notes
Xhosa meme plague
In the 1850s the Xhosa, a Nguni ethnic group in Southern Africa, engaged in a riot of self-destructive behavior. In 1856 a fifteen year old Xhosan girl received a divine message from her ancestors; if they killed their cattles and destroyed their stores of grain their ancestors would return from the dead, and the Boers (Dutch settlers) would be driven from their land.
The Xhosa embraced the message; they killed their cattle, 400,000 by the end of 1857, and burned their crops, planting nothing for the next harvest. ~40,000 Xhosans starved to death, and by 1858 3/4s of the Xhosa had fled in search of food or died.
B: Where is my flying car? Memetics: The science of information viruses


text:
The Coral Reef Marine Ecology Course is an introduction to coral reef ecology, for divers interested in learning how to view the reef scientifically. This one day course is considered a prelude to the full 3 day Ecological Monitoring Program. Upon completing 2 lectures students will conduct one Reef Safari Dive to identify the indicator species that they have selected as their preferred subject. This is followed by collecting actual sample data during the EMP dive, on either Fish species, Invertebrate species or Reef Substrate types.
Coral Reef Marine Ecology
Courses takes one days
|Health for Diving|
All persons engaging in scuba diving should be of good health. We strongly recommend students check out the medical statement to ensure they are healthy enough to scuba dive. Persons that do have a history of specific illnesses may not be allowed to dive.
Must be Open Water certified to participate in this course and show Advanced level buoyancy skills
|National Park Fees|
The National Park Fees are not included. The National park fees for this course will be 600 baht for 1 day's diving. National park fees are paid directly to the national park rangers at the pier before boarding the dive boat
|Flying after Diving|
Divers must wait at least 18 hours after scuba diving prior to boarding an airplane. Not allowing enough time between the last dive and then going to altitude is potentially dangerous


text:
completing this session the participant will be able to:
Given background information:
STATE the two most important questions an instructor
should ask in designing instruction.
LIST the components of a formal ability-based
LIST the components of an informal
ability-based objective statement.
WRITE formal and informal
This is the forth
topic of five in a series of instruction designed to
provide an introduction to some essential tools in
Lesson 4: Ability-Based Objectives
© 2005 Towson University ◦ Gloria P. Holland, Ed.D.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
-Is it safe to do online shopping from _URL_ ?
It is absolutely safe to do online shopping from _URL_.
The information of the credit card you use during shopping, can not be tracked, registered or seen. The encrypted information, sent directly to the related bank's system and the amount drops from your cards limit. The informations besides your credit card information ,shipping and membership information, are only used for billing process by authorised personnel.
-How can i be sure that my information is kept confidential when i shop from _URL_ ?
The information you use during shopping from _URL_ (shipping, membership and
credit card information) are stored in a highly technological and encrypted secure physical
environment. Only authorized personnel can reach these information. We declare and commit that,
we are not going to share any information of our members or of people who shop from
_URL_ , with any Corporation, foundation or juristic personality.
-What is SSL Certificate and what is it for?
SSL Certificate is a guarantor that allows your credit card information , which you use in payment
pages, reach to the related bank's system, encrypted and inaccesibly. Thanks to this structure, your credit card can not be possessed. But even if it possessed, because of the encryption, opposing party can only have a set of writing with meaningless characters. The sign of lock , which you can see at the bottom-right of the payment pages, tells you that that page is under protection of SSL Certificate.
_URL_ is using 128 Bit SSL Certificate technology.
-Do i have to use CVC2 number while shopping?
CVC2 number, is the last 3 digits of the numeral located on the back of your credit card. Thanks to
this number, that's not written on the magnetic stirp of the card, even if your card number and
expiration date is captured, CVC2 number will stay hidden and your card can not be used against
your will. From the date of October 5,2001, the use of the CVC2 number in credit card shopping
became mandatory. That's why you have to use your CVC2 number while shopping.


Deployn
Setting up Ubuntu Homeserver with Docker (Intel-Nuc)
Learn how to set up an Ubuntu homeserver step-by-step with Docker and Docker-Compose.
Setting up Ubuntu Homeserver with Docker (Intel-Nuc)-heroimage
CAUTION
Please note that initially, I wrote this blog post in German. This translation is for your convenience. Although every effort has been made to ensure accuracy, there may be translation errors. I apologize for any discrepancies or misunderstandings resulting from the translation. I am grateful for any corrections in the comments or via mail.
Introduction
In this comprehensive guide, we will walk through the process of setting up an Ubuntu homeserver using Docker and Docker-Compose. This server will act as the primary device behind your router, handling external requests and performing various other tasks.
Requirements
To get started, ensure you have the following:
 - A server capable of running Ubuntu
 - A monitor and keyboard for initial installation
 - An internet connection (preferably without DS-Lite)
 - Your own domain
 - A USB stick or SD card with at least 2 GB of free memory
 - A client computer (e.g., a Windows PC) to set up the server
 - Ideally, a router that supports DDNS and VPN (such as the Fritz!Box 7590) (affiliate link)
Ubuntu Server
The prerequisite for this guide is a computer that can run Ubuntu. In principle, it can be almost any desktop PC or laptop. However, for this setup, I recommend using an
Intel NUC
(Amazon affiliate link) due to its advantages over other devices.
Intel Nuc
While a Raspberry Pi could be used, an Intel NUC offers several advantages:
 - More processing power than a Raspberry Pi 4
 - x86_64 CPU instead of ARM, eliminating compatibility issues
 - SATA port for easy storage expansion
 - Upgradeable RAM
Intel Nuc
The main drawback of an Intel NUC is the constant fan noise, whereas a Raspberry Pi is passively cooled by default.
Although the initial cost of an Intel NUC is higher, it offers superior performance. For example, an Intel NUC with a J4005 processor, 8 GB RAM, and a 512 GB SSD typically costs around €240.
HardwarePrice (approx.)
Intel NUC*135 €
Gskill 2x4GB RAM*45 €
Crucial 500GB SSD](_URL_ €
*affiliate link
The power consumption of an Intel NUC is slightly higher than that of a Raspberry Pi 4. While the Raspberry Pi consumes around 3.5 watts at idle, the Intel NUC with a J4005 processor requires approximately 5.5 watts. I use the Nuc as a proxy manager and DNS server, and it also runs several other services. I measured the power consumption with the Brennenstuhl energy meter (Amazon Affiliate Link). I came up with an average consumption of approx. 10-11 watts. You can further optimize power usage with tools like TLP.
Electricity cost calculator
Calculate your electricity costs using the form below:
Ergebnis
Alternative Options
Of course, many more options could be used. For example, it is possible to convert a computer no longer in use into a server or set up a server yourself.
There are other options available for setting up a homeserver. For instance, you can repurpose an unused computer or build a server from scratch. Older computers may be less energy-efficient, while building your own server allows for customization and potentially higher performance. However, building a server can be expensive. Alternatively, you can consider using (possibly used) PCs with energy-efficient CPUs, such as the small ThinkCentre from Lenovo Amazon Affiliate Link .
Before we proceed, I would like to acknowledge the sources I've referenced in this guide. These include the "Silverbox" Repository from ovk by ovk and the Docker-Traefik Repository from htpcBeginner.
Installation
After selecting the device, the next step is to install the operating system.
Preparation
For a NUC, the individual parts may need to be installed, and the BIOS updated (click to expand)
The hard disk and RAM need to be installed into the housing.
Built-in RAM
Connect the NUC to a monitor and keyboard.
Upon the first boot, install a BIOS update instead of the operating system, if available. To do this, place the BIOS files onto a USB stick.
USB directory for BIOS update
Follow the manufacturer's instructions (typically accessed by pressing F2 to enter the BIOS and navigate to BIOS update).
While in the BIOS, disable unnecessary features, such as WLAN.
I will be installing Ubuntu 20.04 Server as the operating system. Ubuntu 20.04 (Focal Fossa) will receive updates until 2025. Unlike the desktop version, Ubuntu Server does not have a graphical user interface.
The ISO file must be written to a USB stick using Rufus to create a bootable USB stick.
Rufus
Boot the server using this USB stick; you may need to access the boot menu at startup (on the NUC, the BIOS can be opened by default with F2).
Proceed with the Ubuntu installation.
The installer may prompt you to download a newer version; confirm this when prompted.
Installation start dialog
Language selection
Static IP Address Assignment
In the Internet settings, switch from automatic IP address assignment to manual assignment. This is important for IPv4 since I will not be using IPv6. The subnet typically consists of several network addresses. By default, it is 192.168.0.0/24, 192.168.1.0/24, or 192.168.178.0/24. The gateway is usually the IP address of the modem.
On Windows, find the default gateway and your own IP address by opening the terminal and entering ipconfig. On macOS, use route get default | grep gateway.
If manually entering an address, choose one outside the DHCP range of the router (or another DHCP server). You may need to reduce the DHCP range for this.
On a Fritz!Box, this setting can be found under Network > Network settings > IPv4 settings
Fritz!Box DHCP settings
DHCP setting
Disk Partitioning
Partition the hard disk using a custom layout:
Some computers have difficulty recognizing boot files not stored at the beginning of the hard disk. Therefore, creating a separate /boot partition at the beginning of the hard disk may be necessary. I opt for a 1 GB ext4 partition for the /boot directory.
Then, I allocate almost all of the free space for an Ubuntu - LVM. This part of the storage can be encrypted if desired. However, I am not certain if encryption provides additional security (except in cases of physical theft).
Within this volume manager, I add two logical volumes: one for swap and another for storing regular data.
The appropriate storage size depends on several factors and cannot be specified in general. Ubuntu Users
The recommended swap size for Ubuntu is calculated below:
Recommended SWAP size:
At least: 0 GB | Maximal: 0 GB
Having more swap than necessary ties up memory. Additionally, it's important to note that SSD access is slower than RAM, and SSD cells have a limited lifespan. Each write cycle wears out a memory cell, rendering it unusable at some point.
If you require a swap partition larger than twice the size of your RAM, consider upgrading your RAM.
I use the remaining space as an ordinary ext4 partition to be booted under /.
volume setting
Contrary to my GIF, it is not necessary or useful to assign the entire space to the "Volume Group" for quicker responsiveness to future changes. Also, some GB should be left unallocated.
Conclusion
I opt for OpenSSH to be installed automatically as I want remote access to the server later.
OpenSSH Installation
I am not interested in the additional services as I do not need them.
Additional programs
Follow the installer's instructions. Once installation is complete, remove the bootable storage medium. The server then boots and prompts for the password for hard disk encryption.
Caution! The keyboard layout may have changed by this point. If the password contains special characters or the letters Y and Z, they may have been mapped differently at this point.
If the server indicates that the password is incorrect, try using a keyboard with a Qwerty layout again.
QWERTY keyboard layout
After entering the correct password, the login screen is displayed. Do not log in directly at this point. For security reasons, assign a static IP address to the server in the router.
Fixed IP address
The installation is now complete.
First steps
Establish SSH connection
You should now be able to connect to the server via SSH. I recommend installing the programs Git (including Git Bash) and VSCode (with the Remote - SSH extension) (both free of charge). Alternatively, you can use the standard terminal.
For Windows, you may need to add the OpenSSH client via Control Panel > Apps > Optional Features.
OpenSSH Client
You can then connect in the terminal using the command:
ssh username@ip-address
In Visual Studio Code, you can connect to the server by clicking on the icon at the bottom left (yellow in my case).
Empty VSCode instance
You can also open a terminal


Kids Talk About God
DevotionalBible Lesson
Spiritual Reading
Why Did the Early Colonists Come to America?
"The colonists came to America because they heard it was a free country. They came from neighborhoods that had problems," says Nathan, age 7.
I wonder if you're thinking of Australia instead of America.
"Early American colonists came to America for freedom, God and gold," says Jenny, age unknown.
Legends of gold cities lured some of the earliest Spanish conquistadors to the Americas, but Natalie, 12, says many early American colonists risked hardship and deprivation for religious freedom: "In their countries, it was illegal to practice religion the way they wanted to. They had to do what their leaders ordered.
"This posed a problem since those beliefs were not their own. When they came to America, they established colonies where they could worship freely. The dream of freedom is what brought them to America."
Any view of America's founding that omits the longing for spiritual freedom does not adequately explain why people left their homes for this new land. Question: In the four decades that preceded the signing of the Declaration of Independence, name the man who spoke to the most Americans: George Washington, Patrick Henry, Benjamin Franklin or Samuel Adams.
None of the above.
Have you ever heard of George Whitefield? I never had until I read about the Great Awakening, which Whitefield led on two continents (North America and Europe). Some church historians compare this spiritual awakening to the spread of the good news in the days of the early church when Jesus' apostles took the gospel to every corner of the Roman Empire.
At the age of 22, Whitefield began preaching the necessity of being born again by believing in Jesus Christ alone for eternal salvation. Beginning with coal miners near Bristol, England, Whitefield took the message to the common people by preaching outdoors. As he preached, the crowds grew. On Sunday, March 25, 1739, it's estimated that 23,000 people in Bristol heard Whitefield preach.
When Whitefield came to America on the first of seven preaching tours, he preached from the courthouse steps in Philadelphia. Benjamin Franklin became fascinated with the carrying power of Whitefield's voice. He estimated that 30,000 people could hear him. Although Franklin resisted Whitefield's public and personal urgings to become a Christian, he became a lifelong friend of the famous evangelist and even printed his sermons.
From 1736 to 1770, Whitefield preached more than 18,000 sermons, averaging more than 10 a week. Dr. Rimas J. Orentas described the impact: "Through the universal experience of the Great Awakening, we began to realize that we were a nation. This national identity was rooted in the conviction that we were a people chosen by God for a specific purpose.
"In the earliest prayer of the Puritans was the idea that their colony could be a city on a hill. Through the experience of the Great Awakening, the entire nation became a citadel of light in a darkened world."
The power of the gospel hasn't diminished, but its impact is often diluted by Christians who fail to share the good news with others and live out its implications in their lives. Can you imagine the result if every Christian in America told just one person a month about the saving power of Jesus?
Being a light on a hill as a nation begins with individual Christians becoming lights at home, at work and in their communities. Don't settle for letting your light shine for only an hour on Sunday morning. Live the adventure of taking the light of the gospel into dark places, where it shines brightest.
share on facebookshare on twitter


Home Metals How is Aluminum Made?
How is Aluminum Made?
Like many metals, aluminum is a very useful element.
It is found in rock as bauxite, which is an aluminum ore containing oxygen.
The oxygen has to be removed before the aluminum can be used.
the oxygen and the aluminum are joined so firmly that ordinary smelting does not remove the oxygen as it does with other metals.
The best way to separate the aluminum and the oxygen is to pass electricity through them.
This is called electrolysis.
First of all, rock and sandy particles are removed from the aluminum ore.
This leaves a white powder called aluminum oxide.
It is made up of aluminum atoms joined to oxygen atoms.
The powder is dissolved in a tank of chemicals and heated to about 1742 °F (950 °C).
This makes the aluminum oxide melt and become a liquid.
Molten aluminum collects at the bottom of the tank.
Any impurities in the aluminum collect at the top, where the aluminum oxide cools to form a crust.
Rods made of carbon are lowered into the molten aluminum oxide.
An electric current flows through the molten liquid.
The current enters the liquid through one of the rods and leaves through the carbon lining of the tank.
As this happens, the current breaks up the molten aluminum oxide into aluminum and oxygen.
The molten aluminum metal sinks to the bottom of the tank, and the oxygen combines with the carbon, to be released as carbon dioxide gas.
The pure, molten aluminum is drawn off into a crucible and then poured into molds to cool.
The cool aluminum hardens into ingots.
Must Read
Aeroplane Model – How to Make Aeroplane Model
0
Model aeronautics has become nearly as popular as kite flying, and girls as well as boys have taken to building these unique air toys. The...


Class
MatchValidator
class MatchValidator implements BasicValidator
A validator for regular expressions.
This validator will return true, when the passed value matches the regular expression.
This class replaces the former class MaskValidator
If you do want to test if the value does not match an expression, you can use the MatchValidator class instead.
Below is an example usage for your Propel xml schema file.
Methods
boolean isValid(ValidatorMap $map, string $str)
Whether the passed string matches regular expression.
Details
at line 71
public boolean isValid(ValidatorMap $map, string $str)
Whether the passed string matches regular expression.
Parameters
ValidatorMap $map A column map object for the column to be validated.
string $str a String to be tested
Return Value
boolean TRUE if valid, error message otherwise


text:
Map of U.S. Carbon Emissions
The Vulcan Project, which quantifies North American carbon dioxide emissions, has released maps that shows U.S. CO2 emissions at 100-kilometre resolution — far more detailed than previous efforts. The maps are also updated more frequently. Their most notable finding is that the southeastern U.S.'s carbon footprint is bigger than expected, whereas the northeast's is smaller. More from CNet's Green Tech Blog, MetaFilter, Very Spatial and Wired Science. Here's the press release.
blog comments powered by Disqus


DATA Step, Macro, Functions and more
If string is macthed and number of obs. per bygroup > 1 then delete
Reply
Occasional Contributor
Posts: 10
If string is macthed and number of obs. per bygroup > 1 then delete
Hi everybody

I hope you can help me. I have a dataset which depicts the case flow per ID/case. Of this I am calculating the days from when a case step is starting to when it's ending of a case to measure how good the caseworker is performing.
You can follow the flow of a case by the variables SAGSTRIN, QUEUE and NEW_QUEUE and in that order. The meaning of an "ending" case step is where the case has been set to rest so to speak. I am only interested in the last step (new_queue) and have in a previous data step used the following if statement:

if index(trim(upcase(NEW_QUEUE)),"XREF") GE 1 AND index(trim(upcase(SAGSTRIN)),"XREF") NE 1;

where XREF is how a "ending case step" is spelled.
Above data step is used to remove all other steps than XREF steps in the final new_queue.
There can be multiple XREF step per ID and it's not all XREF step I am interested in. Let's say the case worker awaits information and the case is put to a XREF step until that information arrives. That shouldn't be included when determine the number of days a caseworker has used on a case.
So looking through data I have seen a kind of systematic in how the structure us, so I can set up some rules for which XREF steps to be excluded per case/ID and it is this I would like some help with.

So far I don't want a case completely removed, example if a case has 2 XREF steps with ""Dødvurd Mgl Opl Mod" from below is should only remove one so there is always one step left per case.

So below I have counted the cases pr. ID and a sum variable:

options obs=250;
*Dannelse af en sum variabel som viser antallet af sager pr. ID;
data case1;
set &navn._død_m_XREF_u_vudr_dag_X2;
by ID;
ID_count+1;
if first.ID then ID_count=1;
run;

proc sort data=case1;
by ID descending ID_count;
run;

data case2;
set case1;
by ID;
retain ID_count_sum;
if first.ID then ID_count_sum=ID_count;
output;
run;

proc sort data=case2 out=outfil.sas7bdat;by ID ID_count;run;

Then I would like the following rules to apply:

If the step before new_queue contains "Dødvurd Mgl Opl Mod" and the sum of XREF steps>1 then the XREF step will be removed.
 Then I run the code above again to count cases per ID and next rule:
If the step before new_queue contains "Dødvurd Mgl Opl Ej Mod" and the sum of XREF steps>1 then the XREF step will be removed.
 Then I run the code above again to count cases per ID and next rule:
If the step before new_queue contains "Dødafv oplysninger" and the sum of XREF steps>1 then the XREF step will be removed.

I have tried with the following code but found that if a case has 2 instances of "Dødvurd Mgl Opl Mod" both will be removed. Because the sum is of course 2 and so it will delete both of them.

data case3;
set case2;
by ID ID_count;
if first.id and prxmatch("m/Dødvurd Mgl Opl Modt/oi",QUEUE) and ID_count_sum>1 then delete;
run;

I hope you can help me with the coding and maybe it can be done more simple.
Thanks in advanced.

Super User
Posts: 5,256
Re: If string is macthed and number of obs. per bygroup > 1 then delete
It's always good to know the overall requirement what trying to answer a query.
But it's also a danger to get "drowned" in all this information.
Is it possible for you to narrow down your problem to one step, with sample input data to that step, and desired output?
Data never sleeps
Ask a Question
Discussion stats
 - 1 reply
 - 208 views
 - 0 likes
 - 2 in conversation


text:
- Historic Sites
Cherokee Strip Museum
In the 19th Century the United States government resettled Native American tribes from all parts of the country into Indian Territory. During this removal process, part of the northern portion of what is now Oklahoma was given by treaty to the Cherokee Nation as a "perpetual outlet west..." Officially called the Cherokee Outlet, the region became known as the Cherokee Strip.


Open Navigation
Basic working with data
On This Page
Mapping Data Between Steps
When building workflows you will often want to use the data returned from previous steps as the input in new steps. This can be done by either using the Connector Snake or by changing the input type to JSON Path and typing a reference to the output data you wish to use.
Using the Connector Snake
To use the Connector Snake, first find the input property you want to connect up. Then click and drag the circle to the left of the properties label. You can drag the end of the Connector Snake and connect it to the step you wish to use the output data from. You will be presented with a list of output properties to choose from and selecting one will map the output data you selected to the current input property.
snake-1
snake-2
snake-3
Manually Mapping Data Between Steps
Sometimes using the connector snake to map data from a previous step is not possible, such as when you use the HTTP Client and the exact data schema is not known. In this case you can change the input type to JSON Path and manually enter a reference to another step's output data. The JSON Path reference should start with $.steps.STEPNAME but the properties panel will suggest any known JSON Path properties that are known to it.
manual-json-path
Interpolated mode
It's also possible to do more advanced mapping using interpolated mode. Interpolated mode is used when the destination input requires a string and can do things like:
 - Concatenate multiple variables into one input, for example "first name" and "last name" both into a name field
 - Mix one (or more) variables with other static text, for example adding some data driven details to the body of a standard email template.
 - Converting other types into a string, for example numbers and booleans can be converted into a string by setting the input to just the interpolated variable.
To pass variables in interpolated mode, wrap the JSONPath variable in curly bracket and use it anywhere within the input, like so: {$.steps.STEPNAME} (Note: The input property type should always be "string")
For example, if you were naming an Asana project based on the name of a Salesforce record you could use: My new project: {$.steps.salesforce-1.records[0].Name} as per the following screenshot:
create-project-json-path
Please see this JSON Path reference for more information on how to use JSON Path.
Was this article helpful?
Yes
No
On This Page


text:
Thursday, May 19, 2011
Posted by D. Daniel Sokol
ABSTRACT: Market manipulation is a poorly understood phenomenon, due in part to difficulties in applying conventional antitrust tools to explain loss-based opportunism. Because trading to intentionally incur losses violates assumptions concerning the self-interest hypothesis and the need for market power to move prices, traditional tools need revisions to explain manipulative behavior. In this paper, we assist this process by developing a framework to explain manipulation as the intentional loss of money on price-making transactions to benefit the value of related price-taking positions. This framework could simultaneously improve liquidity and compliance by providing definitional and analytic certainty concerning what behavior constitutes manipulation.


text:
Fla. Museum hosts "Butterflies and Moths in Contemporary Zuni Art " exhibit
GAINESVILLE, Fla. — Visitors to the Florida Museum of Natural History can discover how butterflies have influenced Zuni Indian art in a new exhibit,"Butterflies and Moths in Contemporary Zuni Art." The exhibit is on display through 2008.
This temporary exhibit highlights the role of butterflies in the belief system and art of contemporary Zuni people, Native Americans who live in the high desert of the American Southwest. Many Zuni traditional arts feature butterflies and moths, and this tradition continues today in their fine arts, crafts and tourist art forms.
"From T-shirts to jewelry, butterflies have found their way into a broad array of Zuni folk art and fine art – sometimes whimsical, other times beautiful," said Darcie MacMahon, director of exhibits for the Florida Museum. "These works echo the importance of butterflies and moths in many cultural traditions, and also make clear the lively nature of Zuni art today."
For the Zuni, butterflies and moths represent fertility because they are important plant pollinators and because they usually appear along with the desert's life-giving rains. Butterflies and moths also represent beauty, rebirth and transformation, sometimes associated with the ability to know or change the mind. This derives from their amazing metamorphosis from caterpillar to cocoon or chrysalis to adult moth or butterfly.
The 85 pieces in this exhibit are from the collection of Gary Noel Ross, a lepidopterist and ethnobiologist with a lifelong interest in indigenous cultures. Ross has been chronicling the role of the butterfly and the butterfly motif in the belief systems and arts of indigenous Native American cultures.
"In the late 1990s, I became aware of the prominence of the butterfly symbol in Zuni culture of northern New Mexico," Ross says. "In 2006, I was able to visit Zuni Pueblo for nearly a month. I quickly became a student of Edward Lewis, an extraordinary painter and religious leader. Edward introduced me to many other artists who were surprised to finally meet a butterfly scientist. An instant bond developed. I think that the Zunis portray the butterfly in their art more than any other living American culture, and I am gratified that Zuni art and crafts are now becoming more and more popular in the 'outside' world."
- Marcel Raphael
- Paul Ramey, _EMAIL_, _PHONE_


1. WeatherSpark.com
 2. United States
 3. California
 4. Coto De Caza
 5. May
Average Weather in May in Coto De Caza California, United States
Daily high temperatures increase by 2°F, from 71°F to 73°F, rarely falling below 63°F or exceeding 82°F.
Daily low temperatures increase by 3°F, from 53°F to 56°F, rarely falling below 48°F or exceeding 61°F.
For reference, on August 23, the hottest day of the year, temperatures in Coto De Caza typically range from 63°F to 81°F, while on December 19, the coldest day of the year, they range from 46°F to 64°F.
Average High and Low Temperature in May
The daily average high (red line) and low (blue line) temperature, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted lines are the corresponding average perceived temperatures.
The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the hourly average temperatures for the quarter of the year centered on May. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.
Average Hourly Temperature in May
Average Hourly Temperature in May in Coto De Caza18152229112233445566778899101011111212131314141515161617171818191920202121222223232424252526262727282829293030313112 AM4 AM8 AM12 PM4 PM8 PM12 AMAprJuncoldcoolcoolcomfortablewarmcold
frigid 15°F freezing 32°F very cold 45°F cold 55°F cool 65°F comfortable 75°F warm 85°F hot 95°F sweltering
The average hourly temperature, color coded into bands. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.
Anitápolis, Brazil (6,181 miles away); Saldanha, South Africa (9,900 miles); and Kruisfontein, South Africa (10,297 miles) are the far-away foreign places with temperatures most similar to Coto De Caza (view comparison).
Clouds
The month of May in Coto De Caza experiences gradually decreasing cloud cover, with the percentage of time that the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy decreasing from 25% to 20%.
The clearest day of the month is May 31, with clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy conditions 80% of the time.
For reference, on February 20, the cloudiest day of the year, the chance of overcast or mostly cloudy conditions is 43%, while on September 7, the clearest day of the year, the chance of clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy skies is 90%.
Cloud Cover Categories in May
Cloud Cover Categories in May in Coto De Caza1815222911223344556677889910101111121213131414151516161717181819192020212122222323242425252626272728282929303031310%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%AprJunMay 175%May 175%May 3180%May 3180%May 1176%May 1176%May 2178%May 2178%clearmostly clearpartly cloudymostly cloudyovercast
0% clear 20% mostly clear 40% partly cloudy 60% mostly cloudy 80% overcast 100%
The percentage of time spent in each cloud cover band, categorized by the percentage of the sky covered by clouds.
Precipitation
A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. In Coto De Caza, the chance of a wet day over the course of May is decreasing, starting the month at 5% and ending it at 1%.
For reference, the year's highest daily chance of a wet day is 20% on February 20, and its lowest chance is 0% on June 25.
Probability of Precipitation in May
The percentage of days in which various types of precipitation are observed, excluding trace quantities: rain alone, snow alone, and mixed (both rain and snow fell in the same day).
Rainfall
To show variation within the month and not just the monthly total, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day.
The average sliding 31-day rainfall during May in Coto De Caza is gradually decreasing, starting the month at 0.4 inches, when it rarely exceeds 1.0 inches or falls below -0.0 inches, and ending the month at 0.1 inches, when it rarely exceeds 0.4 inches or falls below -0.0 inches.
Average Monthly Rainfall in May
The average rainfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average liquid-equivalent snowfall.
Sun
Over the course of May in Coto De Caza, the length of the day is increasing. From the start to the end of the month, the length of the day increases by 42 minutes, implying an average daily increase of 1 minute, 24 seconds, and weekly increase of 9 minutes, 45 seconds.
The shortest day of the month is May 1, with 13 hours, 32 minutes of daylight and the longest day is May 31, with 14 hours, 14 minutes of daylight.
Hours of Daylight and Twilight in May
Hours of Daylight and Twilight in May in Coto De Caza1815222911223344556677889910101111121213131414151516161717181819192020212122222323242425252626272728282929303031310 hr24 hr4 hr20 hr8 hr16 hr12 hr12 hr16 hr8 hr20 hr4 hr24 hr0 hrAprJunnightnightdaydayMay 113 hr, 32 minMay 113 hr, 32 minMay 3114 hr, 14 minMay 3114 hr, 14 min
The number of hours during which the Sun is visible (black line). From bottom (most yellow) to top (most gray), the color bands indicate: full daylight, twilight (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and full night.
The latest sunrise of the month in Coto De Caza is 6:01 AM on May 1 and the earliest sunrise is 20 minutes earlier at 5:41 AM on May 31.
The earliest sunset is 7:33 PM on May 1 and the latest sunset is 21 minutes later at 7:55 PM on May 31.
Daylight saving time is observed in Coto De Caza during 2018, but it neither starts nor ends during May, so the entire month is in daylight saving time.
For reference, on June 21, the longest day of the year, the Sun rises at 5:40 AM and sets 14 hours, 23 minutes later, at 8:03 PM, while on December 21, the shortest day of the year, it rises at 6:50 AM and sets 9 hours, 55 minutes later, at 4:46 PM.
Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight in May
The solar day over the course of May. From bottom to top, the black lines are the previous solar midnight, sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and the next solar midnight. The day, twilights (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and night are indicated by the color bands from yellow to gray.
Humidity
We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night.
The chance that a given day will be muggy in Coto De Caza is essentially constant during May, remaining around 0% throughout.
For reference, on August 3, the muggiest day of the year, there are muggy conditions 5% of the time, while on December 20, the least muggy day of the year, there are muggy conditions 0% of the time.
Humidity Comfort Levels in May
dry 55°F comfortable 60°F humid 65°F muggy 70°F oppressive 75°F miserable
The percentage of time spent at various humidity comfort levels, categorized by dew point.
Wind
This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages.
The average hourly wind speed in Coto De Caza is essentially constant during May, remaining within 0.2 miles per hour of 6.6 miles per hour throughout.
For reference, on December 30, the windiest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 7.1 miles per hour, while on September 9, the calmest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 5.3 miles per hour.
Average Wind Speed in May
The average of mean hourly wind speeds (dark gray line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
The hourly average wind direction in Coto De Caza throughout May is predominantly from the west, with a peak proportion of 61% on May 22.
Wind Direction in May
Wind Direction in May in Coto De Caza1815222911223344556677889910101111121213131414151516161717181819192020212122222323242425252626272728282929303031310%100%20%80%40%60%60%40%80%20%100%0%AprJunwestsoutheastnorth
northeastsouthwest
The percentage of hours in which the mean wind direction is from each of the four cardinal wind directions, excluding hours in which the mean wind speed is less than 1.0 mph. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries are the percentage of hours spent in the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).
Water Temperature
Coto De Caza is located near a large body of water (e.g., ocean, sea, or large lake). This


TBitBtn Class
RAD Studio VCL Reference
ContentsIndex
PreviousUpNext
TBitBtn Class
TBitBtn is a push button control that can include a bitmap on its face.
Pascal
TBitBtn = class(TCustomButton);
C++
class TBitBtn : public TCustomButton;
Bitmap buttons exhibit the same behavior as button controls. Use them to initiate actions from forms and dialog boxes.
Bitmap buttons implement properties that specify the bitmap images, along with their appearance and placement on the button. You can choose from predefined bitmap buttons styles or use your own customized bitmap for the button. Although the button can be associated with only one bitmap, the bitmap (glyph property) can be subdivided into four equal-sized portions, which are displayed based on the state of the button: up, down, disabled, and clicked.
The Kind property of TBitBtn provides commonly used buttons, such as OK, Cancel, Help, and so on. These predefined button types have corresponding graphical images and default behaviors, so you can easily add them to your application with little or no coding necessary.
The recommended way to implement the response of other button kinds to user clicks is to assign an action from an action list as the value of the Action property. By setting the Action property, you make the button a client of the action, and the action handles updating the button's properties and responding when the user clicks the button.
If you are not using the built-in response to a specific kind of button or an action to respond when the user clicks the button, then you can specify the button's response by writing an OnClick event handler.

Copyright(C) 2009 Embarcadero Technologies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
What do you think about this topic? Send feedback!


Skip to main content
SPEXOR: Design and development of passive spinal exoskeletal robot for low back pain prevention and vocational reintegration
A Correction to this article was published on 15 April 2019
This article has been updated
Abstract
The objective of SPEXOR project is to address low back pain as one of the most appealing health problems of the modern society by creating a body of scientific and technological knowledge in the multidisciplinary areas of biomechanics, robotics, and computer science that will lead to technologies for low back pain prevention. In this paper we provide an overview of the current state-of-art of SPEXOR that the consortium achieved in the first twenty-four months of the project. After introducing the rationale, we describe the biomechanics of low back pain intervention, development of the musculoskeletal stress monitoring for assessment of neuromuscular trunk functions, modeling and optimization of the interaction of spinal exoskeleton with the human body, electromechanical design and development of the passive spinal exoskeleton and its control, and finally the end-user evaluation of the functional effects, usability and satisfaction.
Introduction
Low-back pain (LBP) is often termed a pandemic of the modern world and represents great socioeconomic burden. Epidemiological studies have shown correlation between physically demanding jobs and prevalence of LBP, symptoms exaggeration and back injuries. Among these jobs handling heavy loads, repeated lifting and working time spent in flexed position are the most challenging. The objective of SPEXOR project is to address LBP by creating a body of scientific and technological knowledge in the multidisciplinary areas of biomechanics, robotics, and computer science that will lead to technologies for LBP prevention. In the following sections we provide an overview of the current state-of-art of SPEXOR that the consortium achieved in the first twenty-four months of the project.
Biomechanics of LBP intervention
Based on literature with regard to risk factors of LBP we established core requirements for each of the SPEXOR systems. These requirements included key variables to control, and their safety limits. Furthermore, using existing benchmark passive and actuated exoskeletons, we assessed how such systems interact with subject behavior in static trunk bending, dynamic lifting, and functional activities [1]. We found that current systems do reduce spine loading, especially during static work (Fig. 1). However, load reduction during dynamic lifting is insufficient, i.e. below 10%, and functional activities are hindered to some extent [2]. Additionally, current systems cannot be tuned to individual properties such as spine flexibility. These findings resulted in specific biomechanical requirements for the spexor passive and actuated systems. Iterative prototype testing is being performed in order to optimize the SPEXOR systems. Furthermore, based on parallel measurements of lab and mobile systems, we defined the optimum set of sensors, needed for real time monitoring of low back loading at the workplace [3, 4]. We subsequently tested the resulting SPEXOR sensor set under controlled conditions, and we found that it is capable of monitoring low back load with sufficient accuracy. At present, we are testing how real time feedback of such a system affects subject behavior and spine loading.
Fig. 1
figure 1
Effect of a benchmark passive exoskeleton on subject-generated low back (L5–S1) moments (\(M_{pp}\)) during trunk bending with the hands at 100–0% of floor to upright stance hand height. Two moment-torque profiles result both in up to 20 Nm moment reduction
Musculoskeletal stress monitoring
One important aspect that is being researched in the project SPEXOR is a musculoskeletal stress monitoring system. With this monitoring system, it is possible to estimate biomechanical parameters such as joint angles and moments, especially from lumbar joints. This information it is used to send a feedback signal in critical situations. For example, when the person has surpassed an ergonomic limit during a working day. The monitoring system is based on inertial measurement units (IMU) place at different parts the human body, as well as force insole technology. These sensors are connected wirelessly to a base station. The system was designed to be robust, easy to wear and comfortable. The logistics industry is a good example of a use case scenario for this monitoring system. Lifting boxes is a typical scenarios in this industry (Fig. 2). Therefore, a biomechanical model was developed to identify the kinematics and dynamics of the movements done to lift a box [4,5,6]. This model is based on a rigid multibody system that solves the inverse kinematics and outputs the position and velocities of all degrees of freedom. The force insoles are used to provide the necessary information to solve the inverse dynamics, which gives the information of internal joint moments, i.e. to estimate the L5/S1 joint moments. For the system to work in a real scenario, the model has to be optimized for real-time operation taking into account the limitations of the wireless transmission from the sensors, of drifting of the IMU signals, and of the computer processing power. For the future, it is important to develop a parametrized model that can be customized to the height and weight of the user. This way it is possible to derive the length, mass, center of mass and inertia tensors of the segments using the regression method [7].
Fig. 2
figure 2
left: SPEXOR monitoring system used for a lifting scenario; middle: real-time model for estimating biomechanical parameters; right: example for retrieved data from the model like lumbar flexion angle over time
Modeling and optimization
In SPEXOR, model-based optimization is used as a tool to analyze and predict motions that are critical for the lower back and to design exoskeletons that best support such motions. For this purpose, we have developed subject specific multi-body system models describing various lifting and bending motions that take dynamic properties as well as characteristics of muscular joint torque generation into account. For describing the exoskeletons, a sequence of models with different components and free parameters has been established in the course of the project, to evaluate different design concepts for passive and active exoskeletons, involving rigid segments and bendable parts as well as compliant elements, damping and actuators in the joints. We have investigated two types of optimal control problems:
 1. 1.
 Optimal control for motion analysis: focusing on a tracking of recorded motions of healthy subjects without exoskeleton with combined human-exoskeleton models to explore how exoskeletons can provide maximum support for such standard motion patterns.
 2. 2.
 Optimal control for motion prediction: applying different objective functions such as a minimization of activation or a minimization of joint torques to predict motion trajectories for these behavior rules as well as parameters and (in the active case) required motor torques of the exoskeleton.
In these models, the connection between human and exoskeleton model can be described by either constraint forces or compliant forces which both allow to analyze these interaction forces and limit them to stay below ergonomically acceptable constraints. Figure 3 shows two example models investigated. More details can be found e.g. in [5, 8] or [9]. Current research on modeling and optimization in the SPEXOR project involves inverse optimal control of patients with back pain, with the aim to identify behavior models in terms of optimality criteria for such patients with which further motion prediction and design optimization can be performed.
Fig. 3
figure 3
Examples for models of a passive (a) and an active (b) exoskeleton model investigated in SPEXOR
Electromechanics of spinal exoskeleton
Based on the musculoskeletal stress monitoring system as well as the robot-centred requirements for LBP intervention, we developed a passive spinal exoskeleton that achieves a similar range of motion as a human lumbar spine of up to \(60^\circ\) in the sagittal plane. We addressed this need by developing and testing a novel passive back support mechanism that consists of an elastic back support mechanism, the misalignment compensating hip module and a passive hip torque source. The elastic back support mechanism is comprised of flexible beams that run in parallel to the spine, providing a large range of motion and lowering the peak torque requirements around the lumbo–sacral (L5/S1) joint. The misalignment compensating hip module is a mechanism with three parallel hinge joints that compensate the misalignment and provides a good fit of the exoskeleton to the human body. Two torsional springs are mounted on the top two joints to avoid singularities and increase comfort. The passive hip torque source is a purely passive version of the Mechanically Adjustable Compliance and Controllable Equilibrium Position Actuator (MACCEPA 2.0) (Fig. 4).
Fig. 4
figure 4
Figure is adopted from [10]
Passive spinal exoskeleton with the elastic spinal module (a), the misalignment compensating hip module (b) and the passive hip torque source (c).
Adaptive control architecture
The controller for engagement and disengagement of the hip spring is based on the probabilistic model of the human motion that classifies whether the user requires the support of the exoskeleto


text:
Child Support is a monthly amount that the court orders one parent to pay to the other parent in order to help with the costs of supporting their child. Child Support is calculated from many factors. These factors include how much money each parent earns, the typical cost of raising a child, how much parenting time each parent has, who pays for medical insurance and childcare and how much, as well as several other factors.
As long as you know the information, or can estimate the information, the online Child Support Calculator will do the math for you. For information about child support rules and how child support is standardized across the state, visit Arizona Child Support Guidelines.
Use one of the Child Support Calculators below to create a Child Support Worksheet, Child Support Order and Income Withholding Order for Support.
Child Support Calculator from Superior Court, Pima (Preferred. Requires Microsoft Excel software. Follow instructions in Packet 08 - Child Support)
Child Support Calculator from Arizona Judicial Branch (No Microsoft Excel software required)
Director of Law Library