text:
Colorado Plateau forests: A unique and imperiled resource
The Colorado Plateau harbors a spectacular diversity of forestlands. From the region's mountains to its high plateaus, the spruce-fir, mixed conifer, ponderosa pine, and piñon-juniper forest types of northern Arizona provide a scenic backdrop and contain the headwaters for the Plateau's world-famous canyon country.
Each of the Plateau's forest types has its own intricate ecological dynamics that have supported unique species for thousands of years. However, like many Western forests, historical land use policies and practices disturbed natural fire regimes and wildlife habitat, altering the structure and function of these forests. Industrial logging, livestock overgrazing, fire suppression, killing of predators, and road construction have all compromised the forests' ecological integrity and scenic quality.
To help restore the historical functions of the Plateau's forests, and to preserve their biodiversity, the Trust has been working for over a decade on forest restoration efforts in Arizona. Our Arizona forest restoration efforts focus on the Kaibab Plateau and the Four Forest Restoration Initiative on the Mogollon Rim.


text:
|Spend the time||outdoors|
Tree Tracker participants will take part in an exciting training session and then visit specific trees in their neighborhoods to observe and record the life cycle changes in trees. This information can then be used to learn more about changes in climate. Participants upload their observations to the Project Budburst website, which professional scientists then use. Citizen scientists can see recently uploaded observations as well as year-end reports from the professional scientists.
The trainings will happen during the fall and spring of each year and participants will then collect data throughout the year. We encourage anyone interested in the project to get in touch with us so that we can register them for the next available training. Even if you can't make the training, you can still make observations!

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
A single dripping faucet can waste over 27,000 gallons of water annually. In our research, tenants rarely report dripping fixtures.
United States regulations stipulate that water flow from showers must be limited to 2.5 gallons per minute. But the average water flow in showers is 60% more than the legal limit, flowing at a whopping 4 gallons per minute. That is a waste of 1.5 gallons per minute of water and hot water which can be account for $405 per shower per year!
65% of water usage is hot water, making up nearly 20% of energy bills, that's a lot of money literally pouring down the drain.
The Water Scrooge reduces water waste by controlling the flow of water to an intentional gallons-per-minute flow rate. And, the savings are locked in by completely tamper-proof fixtures that sit behind the shower wall.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Yes, we have included two data export options:
- to export the raw data either as a csv file or
- to import the data in a format that can be easily exported into SPSS.
When this latter option is chosen, three CSV files will download.
- The questionnaire - so that you can print a hardcopy
- The answers - with one row per participant and a column for each question / answer
- An SPSS Syntax - with the appropriate syntax (in the csv file) to add variable and value names to your SPSS data file
To import the variable and value lables into SPSS, open a new syntax sheet in SPSS and copy and paste the Syntax from the csv file. Then "run all" and the variable and value names will appear in your data set.


text:
CP028: How to tell business logic & rules to Excel?
In the 28th session of Chandoo.org podcast, let's figure out how to express business rules & logic to Excel.
What is in this session?
What good are spreadsheets if they can't solve business problems?
But we all struggle when it comes to modeling real world business conditions in Excel. For example, if you have below business rule to decide how much discount to offer a customer,
- If the customer bought 3 or more times previously and offer 15% discount
- If the customer bought 1 or 2 times previously AND customer's age is >40, offer 10% discount
- If the customer visited our New York store between 6PM-9PM offer 5% discount
- Else no discount
How would you go about modeling these in Excel?
That is our topic for this podcast session.
In this podcast, you will learn
- The challenge of modeling business logic & rules in Excel
- My struggles with such formulas in early days
- 4 features of Excel that can help you with this.
- 1. Logical formulas
- 2. Support formulas
- 3. Information formulas
- IS functions
- 4. Operators
- +*- operators
- Example business rules & how to write formulas for them
Listen to this session
Links & Resources mentioned in this podcast
Logical formulas – Syntax & Examples:
Support functions & concepts:
Advanced business rules & scenarios:
Homework for you:
- Write a formula to check if 2 dates are in same month
- Write a formula to check if few cells have same value
- An IF formula challenge for you
- Can you calculate sales commission?
Transcript of this session:
What challenges do you face when modeling business rules / logic?
When I was learning Excel, I struggled a few years understanding the concept of logical functions. Of course I was in college, so I had all the time in world to explore and learn.
What about you? Do you write formulas that model real world logic? Where do you struggle? Please share your thoughts & inputs in comments section so that I can help you better.
IF(AND(like chandoo.org, love podcast),
If you like chandoo.org & our podcast, please take a minute and do one or both of below:
- Leave a honest review on iTunes
- Share our podcast link with a colleague or friend – Send them here: _URL_
Leave a Reply
|3 Course Meal of Excel Awesomeness for You||Doing Cost Benefit Analysis in Excel – a case study|

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Fundamentals With Elements of AlgebraAuthor:
Pub Date: 2002
Publisher: Cengage Learning
Summary: This student-friendly and non-traditional text provides a solid foundation in algebra concepts before introducing signed numbers, helping to build student confidence. Conversational so that students will actually read it, yet mathematically accurate, this text helps students overcome their fear and dislike of mathematics, develops critical thinking and decision-making skills, and prepares them for subsequent courses.
- Used $39.00
- New $183.36


text:
2023, a year characterised by long-lasting heat waves, high temperatures and average monthly rainfall levels well below their normal zones, was one of the hottest 12 months on record in Monaco.
This revelation, which has been confirmed by statistics published in IMSEE's annual meteorological report, likely won't come as a surprise to anyone living in and around the Principality.
According to the localised weather review, which was published in late February, two "distinct meteorological phenomena" punctuated a near record-setting year: high heat that preceded and continued well beyond the usual summer season and rainfall totals that were significantly below average for the third year in a row.
THE HEAT IS ON
Since the 1970s, average temperatures in Monaco have been steadily climbing.
The average maximum between 1971 and 1980 was just under 18.7°C, but by 2023 had shot up to 20.6°C. Indeed, the average overall temperature last year was a balmy 18°C.
During the hottest day of last year, the mercury climbed to 34.9°C, which is just shy of the record set in 2022: 35.1°C.
At the other end of the scale, 2023's absolute minimum was 4.6°C. Unlike pre-2020, when negative temperatures were normal winter occurrences, temperatures haven't fallen below 0°C in the last five years, according to the data collected by Monaco's principal weather station in the Jardin Exotique.
HERE COMES THE SUN
There were an average 7.3 hours of sunshine per day in 2023. July was sunniest and clocked 326 hours, while December noted the least, with 130. Overall, there was just 0.3% difference between 2023 and 2022, the equivalent of a mere nine hours.
Precipitation levels were alarming low, with only 436mm of rain recorded throughout the entire year, compared to Monaco's annual average of 794mm.
There were 46 rainy days in total, a full 17 days less than normal. Oddly, the rainiest day came in August, when 47.3mm fell in a single day. Overall, October was the wettest month of last year, racking up 90mm, while February came bottom of the list with a shocking 0mm.
After record lows in 2001 and then again in 2007, 2023 has the dubious honour of being among the three driest years on record in the Principality.
To read the full report for yourself, click here.
Photo source: Antoine Contenseau, Unsplash


text:
Virtual workshop – ISTRO Working group B Subsoil Compaction
"Spatial detection, distribution and assessment of soil loads, soil compaction and soil compaction risks – approaches, tools and models"
In the workshop we want to bring together colleagues, working in the field of spatial distribution of soil compaction and discuss current approaches, tools and models. This may include, but are not limited to, the following topics:
- Distribution of soil loads in agricultural fields, analysis of field traffic intensities;
- Detection of soil compaction, compaction effects and soil compaction patterns (UAV, Sensors etc.);
- Approaches and models to analyze and assess the spatial distribution of soil compaction and soil compaction risks at different scales.
The aim is to (i) discuss new insights of soil compaction research, (ii) activating new partnerships and (iii) search for potential new collaboration.
We invite all colleagues interested in presenting their work and/or participating in the discussion to contact us:
Please send an email with an expression of interest to participate or a brief description of your potential contribution by 06/30/2022. You will have the opportunity to present recent results, concepts, ideas or on-going projects. There will be sufficient time for discussing in-between the presentations.
The exact date and schedule of the workshop will be coordinated and announced later, depending on interest and number of contributions. We are currently planning the workshop preferably in Sept./Oct. 2022.


The Role of Helicobacter pylori's Fur Protein in the Oxidative Stress Induced by Photodynamic Therapy
Photodynamic Therapy에 의한 산화적 스트레스 조건에서 Helicobacter pylori의 Fur 단백질의 역할
 - Received : 2011.04.20
 - Accepted : 2011.06.15
 - Published : 2011.06.30
Abstract
The role of the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) of Helicobacter pylori in the oxidative stress was investigated in this study. A fur knockout mutant of H. pylori was constructed by replacing the fur gene with an aphA (kanamycin resistant marker) gene. Photodynamic therapy using methylene blue (MB) and 660 nm light was chosen to induce oxidative stress. The bactericidal effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) was compared between wild type H. pylori and fur knockout mutant H. pylori. The degree of oxidative damage of DNA was confirmed using alkaline gel electrophoresis and an assay of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). In control groups, the number of viable cells was maintained constantly during experiment. After PDT, the mutant H. pylori showed 10,000 times decreased viable cell number compared with wild type H. pylori. Depending on the exposure time of 660 nm light, the 3-fold increase in the concentration of 8-OHdG was observed in mutant H. pylori. The results of this study showed that H. pylori's Fur protein may play a role in oxidative stress induced by PDT.
Helicobacter pylori균의 ferric uptake regulator (Fur) 단백질의 산화적 손상에 대한 역할을 연구하였다. H. pylori균의 fur 유전자를 제거한 돌연변이체를 만들고 wild type H. pylori균과 돌연변이체 균의 산화적 스트레스에 대한 반응을 비교하였다. 산화적 스트레스는 methylene blue와 660 nm 파장의 빛을 이용하는 광역학적 치료방법으로 유도하였다. 산화적 스트레스를 가한 실험조건에서 wt H. pylori와 돌연변이체의 생존력, DNA 손상의 정도를 비교 검토하였다. 그 결과 fur 유전자가 제거된 돌연변이체의 생균수가 wt에 비해 10,000배 가량 감소한 것을 알 수 있었으며 DNA의 산화적 손상의 marker인 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)의 양도 fur 유전자 제거된 돌연변이에서 wild type에 비해 3배 정도 더 생성됨을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 실험결과 H. pylori균의 fur 유전자가 PDT법으로 유도한 산화적 스트레스에 방어 기작을 하는 것으로 사료된다.
Keywords
References
 1. Andrew, S.C., A.K. Robinson, and F. Rodriguez-Quinones. 2003. Bacterial iron homeostasis. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 27, 215-237. _URL_
 2. Bachmann, B., J. Knuver-Hopf, B. Lambrecht, and H. Mohr. 1995. Target structures for HIV-1 inactivation by methylene blue and light. J. Med. Virol. 47, 172-178. _URL_
 3. Bagg, A. and J.B. Neidland. 1987. Ferric uptake regulation protein acts as a repressor, employing iron (II) as a cofactor to bind the operator of an iron transport operon in Escherichia coli. Biochemistry 26, 5471-5477. _URL_
 4. Choi, S.S., H.K. Lee, and H.S. Chae. 2010. In vitro photodynamic antimicrobial activity of methylene blue and endoscopic white light against Helicobacter pylori 26695. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B. 101, 206-209. _URL_
 5. Choi, S.S., P.T. Chivers, and D.E. Berg. 2011. Point mutations in Helicobacter pylori's fur regulatory gene that alters resistance to Metronidazole, a prodrug activated by chemical reduction. PLoS ONE 6, e18236. _URL_
 6. Cooksley, C., P.J. Jenks, A. Green, A. Cockayne, R.P. Logan, and K.R. Hardie. 2003. NapA protects Helicobacter pylori from oxidative stress damage, and its production is influenced by the ferric uptake regulator. J. Med. Microbiol. 52, 461-469. _URL_
 7. Crabtree, J.E. 1996. Immune and inflammatory responses to Helicobacter pylori infection. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. Suppl. 215, 3-10.
 8. Creagh, T.A., M. Gleeson, D. Travis, R. Grainger, T.E. McDermott, and M.R. Butler. 1995. Is there a role for in vivo methylene blue staining in the prediction of bladder tumor recurrence? Br. J. Urol. 75, 477-479. _URL_
 9. Dailidien, D., S. Tan, O.K. Zhang, A.H. Lee, K. Severinor, and D.E. Berg. 2007. Urea sensitization caused by separation of Helicobacter pylori RNA polymerase beta and beta' subunit. Helicobacter 12, 103-111. _URL_
 10. Ernst, P.B. 1999. The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. Suppl 1, 13-18.
 11. Ernst, F.D., S. Bereswill, B. Waidner, J. Stoof, U. Mäder, J.G. Kusters, E.J. Kuipers, M. Kist, A. H. van Vliet, and G. Homuth. 2005. Transcriptional profiling of Helicobacter pylori Fur- and iron-regulated gene expression. Microbiology 151, 533-546. _URL_
 12. Ernst, F.D., G. Homut, J. Stoof, U. Mäder, B. Waidner, E.J. Kuipers, M. Kist, J.G. Kusters, S. Bereswill, and A.H. van Vliet. 2005. Iron-responsive regulation of the Helicobacter pylori iron-cofactored superoxide dismutase SodB is mediated by Fur. J. Bacteriol. 187, 3687-3692. _URL_
 13. Feldman, R.A., A.J.P. Eccersley, and J.M. Hardie. 1997. Transmission of Helicobacter pylori. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 13 S1, 8-12.
 14. Hall, H.K. and J.W. Foster. 1996. The role of Fur in the acid


text:
A Public Enemy's Life in the Fast Lane
The National Archives is known for maintaining and preserving documents like the Constitution and Declaration of Independence. But among America's historic documents, there are also records of bank robbers, bootleggers, and gangsters.
In this week's "True Crime at the Archives" spotlight is America's first public enemy—John Dillinger.
A cunning and sophisticated bank robber, Dillinger led a string of violent robberies during his short yet infamous criminal career.
So why did auto theft prove to be his most costly crime?
It all began in 1933, when Dillinger was paroled from the Indiana State Prison after serving eight and a half years for robbing a grocery store. Within months, Dillinger organized a group of his closest criminal associates and began a notorious crime spree.
From September 1933 until January 1934, Dillinger and his fellow outlaws managed to evade law enforcement. And while Americans struggled during the height of the Great Depression, the gang stole hundreds of thousands of dollars from Midwestern banks.
After a robbery of the First National Bank of East Chicago turned violent, national publicity intensified. The gang then fled to Arizona, where they were caught by local police on January 23.
Dillinger was extradited to Indiana to await trial for the murder of a police officer. But while he was sequestered in what officials called an "escape proof" jail, Dillinger deceived two guards and broke out.
Then the infamous bank robber made a crucial mistake.
Dillinger fled the jail in a stolen car and drove from Indiana to Illinois. That placed him in violation of the National Motor Vehicle Theft Act, which made it a Federal offense to transport a stolen motor vehicle across state lines.
The Federal charge enabled the FBI to lead the nationwide manhunt. Director J. Edgar Hoover made Dillinger's capture the FBI's top priority. Hoover sent his top lieutenants to the Chicago field office, where agents used an informant to locate the country's top public enemy.
FBI agents planned to catch Dillinger outside of Chicago's Biograph Theater on the evening of July 22. But as he left the theater, he reached for his gun. Several agents opened fire. Dillinger was shot three times before being pronounced dead at 10:50 p.m. on July 22, 1934.
For more information about John Dillinger and Chicago's notorious organized crime syndicates, visit the National Archives at Kansas City for their exhibit "They're Not Going To Get Me: Crime in the 1930s."
Posted by Gregory Marose on March 14, 2012, under - Great Depression, Unusual documents.
Tags: 1933, 1934, bank robbery, Biograph Theater, car theft, Chicago, Dillinger, FBI, Federal crime, Hoover, Indiana state Prison, John Dillinger


text: By Earl Grier, School Director of Commonwealth Connections Academy Creating an organizational structure and finding work areas for teachers are always questions to be answered when establishing a cyber charter school. Allowing teachers to work from home, establishing satellite centers, and housing everyone in a central location are but three options. Virtual school directors find that helping to create a sense of community for staff is often as important as creating one for students and parents. By housing the staff in one location, as we do at Commonwealth Connections Academy, you are able to provide teachers with the opportunity to share ideas, supplement each otherâ€™s experience and expertise, and have an atmosphere of collegiality. Teachers working in a common setting have commented on their improved effectiveness as a result of working in direct proximity to their peers and the school director. Parents have also noted the increased availability, professionalism and responsiveness when teachers are working in a common setting.


slamrg.f (3) - Linux Manuals
NAME
slamrg.f -
SYNOPSIS
Functions/Subroutines
subroutine slamrg (N1, N2, A, STRD1, STRD2, INDEX)
SLAMRG creates a permutation list to merge the entries of two independently sorted sets into a single set sorted in ascending order.
Function/Subroutine Documentation
subroutine slamrg (integerN1, integerN2, real, dimension( * )A, integerSTRD1, integerSTRD2, integer, dimension( * )INDEX)
SLAMRG creates a permutation list to merge the entries of two independently sorted sets into a single set sorted in ascending order.
Purpose:
 SLAMRG will create a permutation list which will merge the elements
 of A (which is composed of two independently sorted sets) into a
 single set which is sorted in ascending order.

Parameters:
N1
 N1 is INTEGER
N2
 N2 is INTEGER
 These arguements contain the respective lengths of the two
 sorted lists to be merged.
A
 A is REAL array, dimension (N1+N2)
 The first N1 elements of A contain a list of numbers which
 are sorted in either ascending or descending order. Likewise
 for the final N2 elements.
STRD1
 STRD1 is INTEGER
STRD2
 STRD2 is INTEGER
 These are the strides to be taken through the array A.
 Allowable strides are 1 and -1. They indicate whether a
 subset of A is sorted in ascending (STRDx = 1) or descending
 (STRDx = -1) order.
INDEX
 INDEX is INTEGER array, dimension (N1+N2)
 On exit this array will contain a permutation such that
 if B( I ) = A( INDEX( I ) ) for I=1,N1+N2, then B will be
 sorted in ascending order.

Author:
Univ. of Tennessee
Univ. of California Berkeley
Univ. of Colorado Denver
NAG Ltd.
Date:
September 2012
Definition at line 100 of file slamrg.f.
Author
Generated automatically by Doxygen for LAPACK from the source code.


text:
(idiomatic) To create (a reputation, chance, role, rank, career, victory) by hard work.
Carve-out Sentence Examples
The great rivers of Australia, draining inland, carve out valleys, dissolve limestone, and spread out their deposit over the plains when the waters become too sluggish to bear their burden farther.
Baber, however, unlike Timur, had resolved to settle in the plains of Hindustan, and carve out for himself a new empire with the help of his Mogul followers.
Ail the larger rivers, except the Gumti, as well as most of the smaller streams, have beds hardly sunk below the general level; and in time of floods they burst through their banks and carve out new channels.
The uneducated mass of mankind, he complains, either " seldom reason at all," or " put passion in the place of reason," or " for want of large, sound, round-about sense " they direct their minds only to one part of the evidence, "converse with one sort of men, read but one sort of books, and will not come in the hearing of but one sort of notions, and so carve out to themselves a little Goshen in the intellectual world, where light shines, and, as they conclude, day blesses them; but the rest of the vast expansion they give up to night and darkness, and avoid coming near it."
The early governors seemingly had orders to deal as fairly as possible with the natives, and this involved them in quarrels with the "conquerors," whose object was to carve out principalities for themselves, and who only nominally respected the sovereign's wishes.


text:
OFFICE OF THE SOLICITOR GENERAL
The Office of the Solicitor General was created by the Statutory Authorization Act of June 22, 1870. The Act states that there shall be an officer learned in the law, to be called the Solicitor General, to assist the Attorney General in the performance of his/her duties.
The mission of OSG is to represent the interests of the United States before the Supreme Court and to oversee appellate and certain other litigation on behalf of the United States in the lower federal and state courts.
The major functions of the OSG are to:
- Conduct, or assign and supervise all Supreme Court cases, including appeals, petitions for and in opposition to certiorari, briefs, and arguments.
- Determine whether, and to what extent, appeals will be taken by the government or whether the government will file a brief amicus curiae in any appellate court.
- Determine when and whether the United States should intervene in any court to defend the constitutionality of an Act of Congress.
- Assist the Attorney General, the Deputy Attorney General, and the Associate Attorney General, as requested, in the development of Department programs and policy.
Return to the table of contents


OpenMP topic: Offloading
Experimental html version of downloadable textbook, see
\[ \newcommand\inv{^{-1}}\newcommand\invt{^{-t}} \newcommand\bbP{\mathbb{P}} \newcommand\bbR{\mathbb{R}} \newcommand\defined{ \mathrel{\lower 5pt \hbox{${\equiv\atop\mathrm{\scriptstyle D}}$}}} \] 27.1.1 : Targets and tasks
27.2 : Data on the device
27.3 : Execution on the device
Back to Table of Contents
27 OpenMP topic: Offloading
This chapter explains the mechanisms for offloading work to a GPU.
The memory of a processor and that of an attached GPU are not coherent : there are separate memory spaces and writing data in one is not automatically reflected in the other.
OpenMP transfers data (or maps it) when you enter an construct.
_TAG_ omp target
 // do stuff on the GPU
You can test whether the target region is indeed executed on a device with omp_is_initial_device :
_TAG_ omp target
 if (omp_is_initial_device()) printf("Offloading failed\n");
27.1.1 Targets and tasks
crumb trail: > omp-gpu
The target task. This is a task running on the host, dedicated to managing the offloaded region.
The by a new initial task. This is distinct from the initial task that executes the main program.
The task that created the target task is called the generating task.
By default, the generating task is blocked while the task on the device is running, but adding the This requires a taskwait directive to synchronize host and device.
27.2 Data on the device
crumb trail: > omp-gpu > Data on the device
 - Scalars are treated as they are copied in but not out.
 - Stack arrays
 - Heap arrays are not mapped by default.
For explicit mapping with
_TAG_ omp target map(...)
 // do stuff on the GPU
The following map options exist:
 - map(to: x,y,z) copy from host to device when entering the target region.
 - map(from: x,y,z) copy from devince to host when exiting the target region.
 - map(tofrom: x,y,z) is equivalent to combining the previous two.
 - map(allo: x,y,z) allocates data on the device.
Fortran note
If the compiler can deduce the array bounds and size, it is not necessary to specify them in the 'map' clause.
Data transfer to a device is probably slow, so mapping the data at the start of an offloaded section of code is probably not the best idea. Additionally, in many cases data will stay resident on the device throughout several iterations of, for instance, a time-stepping PDE solver. For such reasons, it is possible to move data onto, and off from, the device explicitly, using the
_TAG_ omp target enter data map(to: x,y)
_TAG_ omp target
 // do something
_TAG_ omp target enter data map(from: x,y)
Also (synchronize data from host to device), (synchronize data to host from device).
27.3 Execution on the device
crumb trail: > omp-gpu > Execution on the device
For parallel execution of a loop on the device use the
_TAG_ omp target teams distribute parallel do
On GPU devices and the like, there is a structure to threads:
 - threads are grouped in and they can be synchronized only within these teams;
 - teams are groups in and no synchronization between leagues is possible inside a target region.
The combination teams distribute splits the iteration space over teams. By default a static schedule is used, but the option However, this combination only gives the chunk of space to the master thread in each team. Next we need parallel for or parallel do to spread the chunk over the threads in the team.
Back to Table of Contents


text: An increasing number of distributed real-time systems face the critical challenge of providing quality of service guarantees in open and unpredictable environments. In particular, such systems often need to enforce utilization bounds on multiple processors in order to avoid overload and meet end-to-end deadlines even when task execution times are unpredictable. While recent feedback control real-time scheduling algorithms have shown promise, they cannot handle the common end-to-end task model where each task is comprised of a chain of subtasks distributed on multiple processors. This paper presents the end-to-end utilization control (EUCON) algorithm that adaptively maintains desired CPU utilization through performance feedbacks loops. EUCON is based on a model predictive control approach that models utilization control on a distributed platform as a multivariable constrained optimization problem. A multi-input-multi-output model predictive controller is designed based on a difference equation model that describes the dynamic behavior of distributed real-time systems. Both control theoretic analysis and simulations demonstrate that EUCON can provide robust utilization guarantees when task execution times deviate from estimation or vary significantly at runtime.


:
Note that due to the fact that:
so we have:
Therefore is positive definite.
The submatrix M33 is positive definite if the separation task is independent to the augmented Jacobian obtained by stacking obstacle avoidance and reach goal tasks.
The sufficient conditions of the theorem follow from the following fact.
In the formula:
(21)
directly we have:;
and (see Lemma):
where: -the largest singular value of the matrix, -the largest singular value of the matrix.
So V1 can be underestimated as:
It is convenient to rewrite the relation above to the matrix formalism:
where the matrix is defined as:
(22)
Order to is positive definite then is positive definite, which means that that, having the scalar diagonal elements positive, is always positive definite according to Sylvester theorem:
(23)
(24)
(25)
From (7): according to Cauchy- Schwarz theorem: therefore, equal sign occurs if and only if Jo and Jg are
two vectors to linear dependence, if and only if Jo and Jg are two linearly independent vectors. In other words, (24) correct then the first equation of (19) is also true. Similarly, if and only if Jog and Js are two linearly independent vectors, it is means (25) correct then the second equation of (19) is also true.
The theorem has been proved.
4. Simulation
In this section, we will give some simulation results for illustrating the analytical results. For each simulation, the search space is set [500, 500]. The initial positions for the robots, obstacles, goal are randomly generated. For the NSB search in this paper, N robots are used to search a single goal.
Figure 2(a) and Figure 2(b) shows the paths taken by the individual robots to converge at the goal using method of Null Space based Behavior control when the gains lo is always negative definite and lg is always positive definite. It's sure that the control algorithm following three goal tacks is:
1) Firtly: to avoid obstacles,
2) Secondly: to move to the goal,
3) Thirdly: to maintain swarm.
When lo is positive definite or lg are negative definite, apparently through Figure 2(c)) we can observer that a few robots unavoidable obstacle or swarm not converged at the goal (Figure 2(d)).
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Figure 2. Simulation results the process of moving of the swarm robots to the goal. (a) N = 21, lo = −1.5, lg = 0.05; (b) N = 41, lo = −0.5, lg = 0.05; (c) N = 21, lo = 0.5, lg = 0.05; (d) N = 13, lo = −1.5, lg = −0.05.
Simulation results have confirmed the correctness of the algorithm and stable conditions of the implementation process of the mission objectives.
5. Conclusion
This paper proposed a control solution to the swarm robot by constituting the method of NSB control and built the control law, simultaneously proved the convergence of algorithm based on Lyapunov theory. Simulation results show that: the swarm robots avoided obstacles and found the goal after moving in a determined time. The results of this paper show that applying of NSB to solve collective search problem in the obstacle environment is very practical and efficient. In the future, we are going to consider the swarm robots operate in an environment with more rugged terrain, can be utilized for hazardous tasks such as landmine detection, fire fighting, military surveillance.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
References
[1] Gazi, V. and Passino, K.M. (2002) Stability Analysis of Swarms. Proceedings of the American Control Conference Anchorage, 8-10 May 2002, _PHONE_.
_URL_
[2] Chen, X.-B., Pan, F.C., Li, L. and Fang, H. (2006) Practical Stability Analysis for Swarm Systems. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 3904-3909.
[3] Wang, L.S. and Fang, H.J. (2010) Stability Analysis of Practical Anisotropic Swarms. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 768-772.
[4] Smith, L.L., Venayagamoorth, G.K. and Holloway, P.G. (2012) Obstacle Avoidance in Collective Robotic Search Using Particle Swarm Optimization. IEEE Swarm Intelligence Symposium.
[5] Bento, L.C., Pires, G. and Nunes, U. (2002) A Behavior Based Fuzzy Control Architecture for Path Tracking and Obstacle Avoidance. Proceedings of the 5th Portuguese Conference on Automatic Control, Aveiro, 341-346.
[6] Antonelli, G. (2009) Stability Analysis for Prioritized Closed-Loop Inverse Kinematic Algorithms for Redundant Robotic Systems. IEEE Transactions on Robotics, 25, 985-994.
_URL_
[7] Lan, L.H., Nga, L.T.T. and Lan, L.H. (2013) Aggregation Stability of Multiple Agents with Fuzzy Attraction and Repulsion Forces. MMAR, 81-85.
Copyright © 2023 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
Creative Commons License
This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.


Macaulay2Doc :: dictionary
dictionary -- determine the dictionary to which a symbol belongs
If x is the value of a symbol recorded in the internal table used to recover global symbol from the values assigned to them, then that symbol is used.
Ways to use dictionary :
For the programmer
The object dictionary is a method function.


text:
Seminar INFLPR, Miercuri, 13.04.2016, ora 10:00, Sectia Laseri, Dr. Mihai Lucian Pascu: "Optical properties of droplets, bubbles, foams and emulsions and their applications in biomedicine"
Seminar stiintific Miercuri, 13.04.2016, ora 10:00, Sectia Laseri, prezinta Dr. Mihai Lucian Pascu: "Optical properties of droplets, bubbles, foams and emulsions and their applications in biomedicine"
Droplets, bubbles, foams and emulsions are one of the main objects for studies in optofluidics. Their optical and spectroscopic properties are of interest both for basic research and for advanced applications in biomedicine, life sciences, food science, unconventional technologies in energy production and raw materials extraction. In this presentation is shown a synthesis of results obtained by Laser Spectroscopy Group within Laser Department of the National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics along the following directions:
1. Laser beams unresonant interaction with droplets in pendent positions in air. Introduction of applications of this kind of interactions is presented.
2. Laser radiation resonant interaction with droplets in pendent positions in air. Applications of this process in photochemistry of medicines and laser/lasing emission in all directions in free space are presented.
3. Detecting small concentrations of compounds generated via medicines interaction with laser beam by surface tension measurements performed on air bubbles produced in solutions.
4. Generation of Aetoxisclerole/Polydocanol foams and their optical measurements in view of applications in varicose veins treatments.
5. Optical properties of emulsions of medicines.


text:
The Effect of Thermal Processing Schedules and Unit Operations on the Quality of Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus) Meat
The Effect of Thermal Processing Schedules and Unit Operations on the Quality of Blue Crab (Callinectes sapudis) Meat
The effects of initial thermal processing, plant sanitation, and employee habits on the microbiological quality of blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) meat were determined in a commercial crab processing facility. Thermal processing was evaluated at 5, 7, and 8 minutes at 250?F for the destruction of microorganisms, including Listeria monocytogenes. F-values calculated indicated a sufficient reduction of L. monocytogenes at each processing time. Fresh picked crab meat was evaluated for microbial levels when exposed to ambient temperatures over a four hour period. It was found that time and temperature did not influence the microbial populations significantly except in the fourth hour. Plant sanitation was evaluated based on levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and microbial counts. Areas found to have high levels of ATP typically had low microbial counts, thus suggesting that crab meat residual was the problem. The presence of Listeria species in the plant was determined using a commercial polyclonal antibody test. Listeria species were found under picking tables, on cooler doors, employees aprons, and on several employees hands. In a laboratory setting, an automated hand wash was compared with a manual hand wash for the removal of Listeria innocua, as a model for Listeria monocytogenes. It was found that a manual hand wash of 15 seconds was superior to an equal time automated wash. The microbial quality of crab meat was found to be affected by daily plant procedures, and could be changed by modifying procedures.


text:
Triggered by the image suggested in Hamlet that even while bounded in a nutshell it is still possible to consider oneself the king of infinite space, the article attempts to chart the reach of the dimension of the far-away space in Jaan Kaplinski's poetry. The point of departure is found in the chrestomatic works on space and place in humanistic geography that underscore the nature of space as „amorphous and intangible and not an entity that can be directly described and analysed" (Relph 1976: 8). Thus, while lacking stability and connoting with openness, freedom and mobility, space is made meaningful by places for which it creates a context.
In Kaplinski's poems four major kinds of far-away spaces can be detected, each signalled by the type of places embedded in them. Firstly, there is the cosmic space that can be described by evoking the names of celestial bodies and constellations; there is an awareness that distances in this type of space are measured in light years. Secondly, a type of space appears that bears features of the Fairy land described by folklorists, such as being vaguely located somewhere unmeasureably far away with scarce toponymic reference mostly used just to signal distance, and being possibly surrounded by a boundary that cuts it off from the everyday world. Tropes emerging in connection with this space are mountains, the desert and the sea.
Thirdly, there is a kind of space constructed by places and regions on the actual political world map, usually sites of tension and conflict an awareness of which may explictly come from the media. A prominent subcategory, directly connected with map-making and the related naming of foreign places, is (post)colonial space. Also other culturally or politically mediated spaces are gathered under this umbrella. And finally, there is the far-off dimension of the world that the persona can relate to as a traveller, either by having visited certain places or dreaming of the possibility.
What also emerges in the course of the discussion is that the spatial types appear already in Kaplinski's slim first collection and are elaborated in a more individual manner throughout the poet's later oevre.


Sign up ×
I want to access a resource like a String or a Drawable by its name and not its int id.
Which method would I use for this?
share|improve this question
possible duplicate of How can i get the resource id of an image if I know its name? – ghoti Dec 7 '12 at 18:55
5 Answers 5
up vote 58 down vote accepted
It will be something like:
Make sure you don't have the Android.R namespace imported as it can confuse Eclipse (if thats what you're using).
If that doesn't work, you can always use a context's getResources method...
Drawable resImg = this.context.getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.resource);
Where this.context is intialised as an Activity, Service or any other Context subclass.
If it's the name you want, the Resources class (returned by getResources()) has a getResourceName(int) method, and a getResourceTypeName(int)?
Update 2:
The Resources class has this method:
public int getIdentifier (String name, String defType, String defPackage)
Which returns the integer of the specified resource name, type & package.
share|improve this answer
Thankq for your reply.R.drawable.resourcename i am using now i need to get its integer value by passing resourcename – Aswan Aug 13 '10 at 11:45
R.drawable.resourcename is the integer. – Rabid Aug 13 '10 at 11:46
Hi Rabid.what you said that's is there any way by accessing R.drawable.resource value by passing resouce – Aswan Aug 13 '10 at 11:47
i need that integer value by passing resourcename dynamically – Aswan Aug 13 '10 at 11:48
Thankq like this i want and i want to get drawable resource i wil to it – Aswan Aug 13 '10 at 11:57
If I understood right, this is what you want
int drawableResourceId = this.getResources().getIdentifier("nameOfDrawable", "drawable", this.getPackageName());
Where "this" is an Activity, written just to clarify.
In case you want a String in strings.xml or an identifier of a UI element, substitute "drawable"
int resourceId = this.getResources().getIdentifier("nameOfResource", "id", this.getPackageName());
I warn you, this way of obtaining identifiers is really slow, use only where needed.
Link to official documentation: Resources.getIdentifier(String name, String defType, String defPackage)
share|improve this answer
this is the solution I wanted :D – Kreshnik Apr 19 '14 at 19:39
This is pretty useful in the context of writing tests to make sure certain strings exist or etc. – Ehtesh Choudhury May 1 at 22:14
int resourceID =
 this.getResources().getIdentifier("resource name", "resource type as mentioned in",this.getPackageName());
share|improve this answer
It'd be even better if you explained the code you posted. – user1114055 Oct 21 '12 at 1:11
I would suggest you using my method to get a resource ID. It's Much more efficient, than using getIdentidier() method, which is slow.
Here's the code:
 * _USER_ Lonkly
 * _USER_ variableName - name of drawable, e.g R.drawable.image
 * _USER_ с - class of resource, e.g R.drawable.class or R.raw.class
 * _USER_ integer id of resource
 public static int getResId(String variableName, Class с) {
 Field field = null;
 int resId = 0;
 try {
 field = с.getField(variableName);
 try {
 resId = field.getInt(null);
 } catch (Exception e) {
 } catch (Exception e) {
 return resId;
share|improve this answer
It will not work for all cases. For example if you have content than the R.string class will have a string_name field. And your method will not work in this point. – ddmytrenko Oct 22 '13 at 14:32
Also your method is not fast actually. Because Java class serialization is never working quick. – ddmytrenko Oct 23 '13 at 10:39
A simple way to getting resource ID from string. Here resourceName is the name of resource ImageView in drawable folder which is included in XML file as well.
int resID = getResources().getIdentifier(resourceName, "id", getPackageName());
 ImageView im = (ImageView) findViewById(resID);
 Context context = im.getContext();
 int id = context.getResources().getIdentifier(resourceName, "drawable",
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


////foo now produce different URLs. That ended up breaking software which was caching data by URL and expected those empty components to get collapsed away.
Again, living document. There have also been bugs fixed recently relating to URLs not being idempotent (a URL being re-parsed and giving a different result). I'm a bit apprehensive of what would happen if we generated a URL record based on the latest spec at compile-time, and that differed from the spec which other software expected at run-time.
In the words of the spec, it is being developed because "URL parsing needs to become as solid as HTML parsing". It's great that there's renewed effort, but that's still an aspiration as of now.
3 Likes
I'm not sure I understand the rationale between the proposed differences here in latin1 and ascii, utf8 and utf16. A String value represents a Unicode string independent of its underlying encoding, and I would argue strongly that we shouldn't muddy the waters here for strings and string literals.
To my mind, the base16 and base64 examples are different in kind because those literal values represent the encoded versions of binary data (semantically). It would certainly be interesting to consider if a literal syntax (perhaps using the currently unused single quotation marks) could be adopted for that purpose. That is to say, for various literal representations of bytes (of binary data), in contradistinction to representations of strings (of characters, however encoded). I think it would be enormously beneficial conceptually to separate the idea entirely from strings and string encodings.
1 Like
 - utf8 is the default implicit encoding, used by all string literals in current Swift.
 - ascii would be a compile-time guarantee (in case that's useful) to limit the allowable characters.
 - latin1 would be an encoding where escaped bytes (e.g. \xFF or \{0xFF}) are allowed.
 - utf16 would be for the WebAssembly use-case in post #2.
If we exclude ascii, then all explicit encodings are for data literals.
I wonder if within the literal wrappers idea we could have a couple of them being "magical", i.e. optimizable to SIL commands directly, but still visible in the API as normal functions. Then when generating SIL, @utf16 "abcdef" would be lowered as string_literal utf16 "abcdef", while still allowing the rest of the user-defined literal wrappers to be evaluated properly at compile time?
1 Like
Seems like UTF-8 would be just as useful for bytes/data literals.
As for ASCII, for the reasons stated above, I'd be wary of muddying the water about the encoding of string literals--we're fundamentally discussing different semantics here ("How do I ergonomically spell an arbitrary sequence of bytes?" versus "How do I choose a encoding for my literal string?"). There is no default encoding for string literals. The String type might now default to UTF-8 for its internal representation, but we didn't spell literals any differently back when it defaulted to UTF-16.
But I think I see more clearly now the use case for a bytes/data literal and how it would dovetail with the standard library as it exists today. I do think we need to be careful to define the problem carefully (and narrowly), else we run the danger of projecting onto it all sorts of superficially related but ultimately disparate issues and goals.
I see @lukasa's point above that the default data type for such a literal would have to be UnsafeRawBufferPointer. It would make sense to me to go back to some of what @duan initially proposed here, building on that starting point: Suppose we adopt 'foo' as the spelling for a raw buffer literal; this literal could be constrained not to accept arbitrary Unicode but only ASCII and escape sequences, ideal when the underlying byte sequence is of import rather than the composed characters (since more than one Unicode sequence can represent the same character).
We would then offer as part of the standard library a common protocol ExpressibleByRawBufferLiteral, to which types like Data could conform; such types would have to implement init(rawBufferLiteral: Self.RawBufferLiteralType) where Self.RawBufferLiteralType: _ExpressibleByBuiltinRawBufferLiteral.
In the standard library, we would define typealias DefaultRawBufferLiteralType = UnsafeRawBufferPointer and conform that type to _ExpressibleByBuiltinRawBufferLiteral. Other first-party types might be considered for magical conformance to that protocol also.
We could add convenience methods as needed to UnsafeRawBufferPointer to make working with that type more ergonomic, and we could consider additional syntax specific to the raw buffer literal (such as \x42 escape syntax, specifying base64 encoding, etc.). In fact, I wonder if it would be reasonable (if we had base64 encoding) to allow arbitrary trailing = to pad the raw buffer to a specified size.
2 Likes
I'm a little lost in this discussion, but why a base type to store raw data must be continuous ? Such requirement would make usage of type like dispatch_data uselessly complicated or inefficient.
I agree! However, the bucket-o-bytes type I have in mind is only intended to go the other way -- it would be able to work with whatever storage representation you have, but there is no expectation that other types would directly adopt it as a storage representation.
struct ByteBucket {
 let owner: AnyObject?
 let buffer: UnsafeRawBufferPointer
}
Note how this is just an UnsafeRawBufferPointer that maintains an owning reference to its storage.
We already have UnsafeRawBufferPointer as a universal byte bucket type. We can create an URBP over any contiguous storage, no matter how it's represented. The Standard Library is already using this type (and UnsafeBufferPointer) as a way to provide direct access to storage (of whatever form) without getting bogged down with details about how that storage is represented. This problem does not need to be solved with a protocol.
The major problem with URBP is that it is unsafe -- it neither owns its storage, nor does it perform bounds checking in production code -- and this makes its use questionable in all but the simplest situations. Introducing a safe(r) buffer pointer variant would let us keep the advantage of having a non-generic universal bucket o' bytes type while also allowing us to safely pass these buckets through thread boundaries etc.
Data clearly wants to be the universal byte bucket type, and it serves that role in Apple's SDKs. However, Data has some issues.
 - It is defined in the wrong module (note: this can be fixed)
 - It has evolved largely outside of the Swift Evolution Process
 - It has issues with representational complexity (e.g. Data.Deallocator, __DataStorage._offset, ...)
 - It has issues with its API (e.g. integer indices vs self-slicing, mutable count, ...)
Foundation also defines a piecewise contiguous byte bucket protocol called DataProtocol. It has not seen widespread adoption.
4 Likes
Using an unsafe type as the default type of a bytes literal (of whatever encoding) would be unfortunate -- once we do settle on standard safe byte bucket type, we'd immediately regret that choice. (We'd end up in a similar situation as Objective-C & C++, where regular string literals produce a C pointer.)
In the current Swift ecosystem, 'hello' wants to be of type Data.
2 Likes
Piecewise contiguous representations pop up very often, and they can and should be modeled as a sequence of contiguous chunks, with Unsafe[Raw]BufferPointer (or a safe alternative) as the chunk type. I.e., piecewise contiguous representations will be built on top of the contiguous primitive.
I think support for accessing these chunks ought to be built directly into the existing Sequence protocol hierarchy, by adding new primitive requirements -- such as these:
protocol IteratorProtocol {
 ...
 mutating var isSegmented: Bool { get }
 mutating func withNextUnsafeSegment<R>(
 maximumCount: Int?,
 _ body: (UnsafeBufferPointer<Element>) throws -> R
 ) rethrows -> R?
}
protocol Collection {
 ...
 func withUnsafeSegment<R>(
 startingAt start: Index,
 maximumCount: Int?,
 _ body: (UnsafeBufferPointer<Element>) throws -> R
 ) rethrows -> (end: Index, result: R)
}
Efficient algorithms for e.g. copying data across such data structures can be built on top of these. (These are generalizations of the existing, undocumented _copyContents requirement.)
Note that we're currently missing a Sequence/IteratorProtocol equivalent for untyped storage. I expect we'll want to add one, likely defined entirely in


text:
New research looks at the impact of new forms of gambling-like products on young people
New research funded by the NSW Government's Responsible Gambling Fund shows that young adults aged 18-24 years old have different formative gambling experiences to those aged 25-29, and are more likely to report taking part in emerging forms of gambling and gambling-like activities, such as social casino games, before the age of 18.
The study, by Central Queensland University (CQU), found that people aged 18-24 appear to find traditional forms of gambling less appealing when compared to those aged 25-29.
The emergence of new forms of gambling and gambling-like products potentially expose young people to a gateway to gambling.
Director of the Office of Responsible Gambling, Natalie Wright, said "New gambling-like products, like free-to-play games, allow young people to learn about gambling, gain confidence through practice and potentially lead them to participate in traditional forms of gambling as they get older."
The study found that all forms of gambling, both traditional and emerging, were associated with gambling harm.
"Young people, who we know are vulnerable to gambling harm, are drawn to emerging forms of gambling. Although some may not yet be experiencing harm, the higher uptake of newer forms of gambling by young people may sustain or even increase gambling harm in the future." Ms Wright said.
The study looked to understand how gambling is changing in New South Wales, particularly amongst young adults, and the impact of newer forms of gambling and gambling-like products.
The CQU research found:
Compared to 25 – 29 year olds, 18–24 year olds:
- were more likely to have taken part in emerging forms of gambling and simulated gambling except when it required expenditure
- are less engaged with traditional gambling forms
- were more likely to recall first taking part in traditional and emerging forms of gambling while under the age of 18.
Compared to 18-24 year olds, those aged 25 – 29:
- were more likely to have taken part in traditional forms of gambling
- were more likely to recall being exposed to gambling via adults in their household.
To view a copy of the report, please visit the Office of Responsible Gambling website.
For those needing help with gambling issues, help is available 24/7 on 1800 858 858.


Spinning News
Shop Education Resources Access Your Account FacebookTwitter
To Jump or Not to Jump?
When riders maintain their body alignment, their cadence, and their balance point, Jumps are beneficial to both muscular endurance and cardiovascular development. Excessive joint stress can be avoided by the consistency and fluidity of the movement and by avoiding overly high cadences or uncontrolled forward momentum when performing the movement.
How to Perform a Proper Jump
A Jump is a flat road movement, which means the guideline parameters are 80–110 RPM with light to moderate resistance. The cadence guideline is helpful with this movement, but not nearly as much as the basic understanding that Jumps contain a mixture of two movements: both a Seated Flat and a Standing Flat.
In hand position two, a rider must maintain proper upper body alignment with the shoulders slightly forward of the hips and the elbows bent toward the pedals as the body moves with a consistent lateral rhythm. The pedal strokes are very fluid and controlled, which is more a result of working with resistance than being pulled by it.
Once each checkpoint is accomplished, the rider transitions by lifting themselves up to a stabilized position over the tip of the saddle. The rider immediately begins to establish balance by continuing with soft elbows, a slight forward tilt, and a "whole body" side-to-side movement. The number of Jumps performed is far less important than the control and rhythm that is practiced during the movement itself.
Jumps are both a fun and unique part of the Spinning program. They enhance cardiovascular development, body awareness and leg strength. No other movement in the Spinning program demands as much body control as Jumps do. That alone, makes them a highly valuable part of any training session.


A comparison of current solutions for creating web animations on Apple hardware
Main Article Content
Jaka Mušič
Helena Gabrijelčič Tomc
Abstract

The content available online consists of titles, texts, images, and multimedia, including animations. Some animations are immediately noticeable, while others are less obvious, yet they play an important role in the interactivity of a website. When implemented correctly and working properly, animations can greatly enhance the user experience. In the theoretical part of this paper, the basic technologies of the web are introduced. These are Hypertext Markup Language, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and JavaScript. The history of web animations is presented as well as the perception of animations in terms of the qualities required by the human eye to perceive them as fluid. In the experimental part, methods for creating animations were selected for testing. These were CSS animations, Web Animations Application Programming Interface (WAAPI) and Lottie animations. For each of these methods, an identical animation was designed and implemented on a website. The animations were then tested with a different number of elements in two browsers on multiple devices and Apple hardware. During creation and testing, an analysis was made of how difficult it is to design and implement the animations on a website, and how powerful they are: the ability to display a high number of frames per second, how much memory they require on the graphics card, and how much data must be transferred from the server for them to play properly. The results were recorded and summarised. Some recommendations were made in the results, i.e. which method to use depending on the intended use case. The CSS and WAAPI animations and transitions were found to be more suitable for complex web animations, while Lottie was found to be useful for simpler animations.
Article Details
How to Cite
Mušič, J., & Gabrijelčič Tomc, H. . (2022). A comparison of current solutions for creating web animations on Apple hardware. Journal of Print and Media Technology Research, 11(2), 129–140. Retrieved from _URL_
Section
Scientific contributions


text:
Wheat BeltArticle Free Pass
Wheat Belt, principal crop-growing region of Western Australia, occupying about 60,000 square miles (160,000 square km) in the southwestern section of the state. Served by the Perth-Albany Railway, the crescent-shaped belt is delineated on the west by a line drawn from Geraldton south through Moora, Northam, and Katanning to the western end of the Great Australian Bight. The eastern boundary of the belt bulges as far east as Southern Cross. The Wheat Belt receives as much as 20 inches (500 mm) of rainfall annually in the west, declining to 10 inches (250 mm) in the east. In addition to wheat, the area yields oats, barley, and wool. The Wheat Belt developed after the decline of gold mining in 1905 and was aided by the introduction of superphosphate fertilizers, new breeds of livestock, machinery, government loans, surveys, railway feeder-line construction, immigration, and "soldier settlement schemes" for military veterans after both World Wars.
What made you want to look up "Wheat Belt"? Please share what surprised you most...


text:
Here we present an approach for modeling sensory processing, termed the Nonlinear Input
Model (NIM), which is based on the hypothesis that the dominant nonlinearities imposed by physiological mechanisms arise
from rectification of a neuron's inputs. Incorporating such 'upstream nonlinearities' within the standard linear-nonlinear (LN)
cascade modeling structure implicitly allows for the identification of multiple stimulus features driving a neuron's response,
which become directly interpretable as either excitatory or inhibitory.
Because its form is analogous to an integrate-and-fire
neuron receiving excitatory and inhibitory inputs, model fitting can be guided by prior knowledge about the inputs to a
given neuron, and elements of the resulting model can often result in specific physiological predictions.
providing an explicit probabilistic model with a relatively simple nonlinear structure, its parameters can be efficiently
optimized and appropriately regularized.... "
McFarland JM, Cui Y, Butts DA (2013) Inferring nonlinear neuronal computation based on physiologically plausible inputs. PLoS Comput Biol 9:e1003143 [PubMed]


text:
National Standards Illustrations
A collection of illustrations has been developed to support the implementation of National Standards. Choose a year level from the image above to see a list of available illustrations for that year level. Further illustrations will be added to these lists over the coming months.
Each illustration includes:
- a page describing the task that was used to generate the work samples
- a collection of two or more work samples, each illustrating work at a particular standard and annotated to indicate features that are representative of that standard.
The tasks available with illustrations can be accessed from the year level links above or from the table below.
|After 1 year||After 2 years||After 3 years||Year 4||Year 5||Year 6||Year 7||Year 8|
|Teddy Bear Picnic||Counting Sheep||How Many?|
|Sorting Sports Balls||Sharing Pizzas|
|Tiled Photo Frames||Breakdown of Waste|
|Counting the Beat|
|Rugby Scores||Stained Glass Window|
|Interlocking Photo Frames|
|Geometry and Measurement||Tall Tales||Multiple Measures||Soak It Up|
|Moving Around||Moving Around|
|Body Garden||Points of View|
|Statistics||Grocery Bonanza||Dicey Differences||Dicey Differences|
|Lions||Are We ready?||Silent Reading||Superhero Statistics|
A collection of interactive modules has been developed to help teachers and other education professionals work with the National Standards and the illustrations in reading, writing and mathematics.
The Mathematics Standards are available online on the New Zealand Curriculum website or can be ordered from Down the Back of the Chair. For further enquiries, phone the Down the Back of the Chair team on 0800 660 662.


How To Migrate From MOSS 2007 To SharePoint 2010
Are you looking to migrate from MOSS 2007 to SharePoint 2010? Follow our comprehensive guide to ensure a smooth and successful transition.
To migrate from MOSS 2007 to SharePoint 2010, there are several steps that need to be followed:
 1. Take a backup of the content database from MOSS 2007 and set it to read-only.
 2. Restore the content database backup to the SQL Server of SharePoint 2010.
 3. Create a web application in SharePoint 2010.
 4. Attach the MOSS 2007 content databases to SharePoint 2010.
 5. Perform post-migration fixes, such as visual upgrades and testing the migrated sites.
These steps can be performed using methods like database attachment, in-place upgrade, or content migration. It is recommended to thoroughly test and validate the migration in a non-production environment before proceeding with the upgrade.
Steps to Migrate from MOSS 2007 to SharePoint 2010
To successfully migrate from MOSS 2007 to SharePoint 2010, you need to follow a series of important steps. These steps are crucial to ensure a smooth and successful transition and to avoid any potential data loss or disruptions. Let's explore each step in detail:
 1. Backup the content database from your MOSS 2007 environment: Before initiating the migration process, it's essential to take a backup of the content database from your existing MOSS 2007 environment. This backup will serve as a safeguard in case any issues arise during the migration process.
 2. Restore the content database to the SQL Server of SharePoint 2010: Once you have the backup of your content database, restore it to the SQL Server of your SharePoint 2010 environment. This step ensures that all your valuable data and content are transferred to the new platform.
 3. Create a web application in SharePoint 2010: After restoring the content database, the next step is to create a web application in SharePoint 2010. This web application will serve as the foundation for hosting your migrated sites and content.
 4. Attach the MOSS 2007 content databases to SharePoint 2010: Once the web application is set up, you can attach the MOSS 2007 content databases to SharePoint 2010. This process maps the content databases from the old environment to the newly created web application, ensuring seamless access to your data and sites.
 5. Perform post-migration fixes: After attaching the content databases, it's important to carry out post-migration fixes. These fixes may include performing visual upgrades to ensure compatibility with SharePoint 2010's interface, testing the migrated sites for any issues, and making necessary adjustments or configurations.
These steps can be executed using various migration methods such as database attachment, in-place upgrade, or content migration. However, regardless of the method chosen, it is crucial to thoroughly test and validate the migration in a non-production environment before proceeding with the upgrade.
By following these steps and best practices, you can ensure a successful migration from MOSS 2007 to SharePoint 2010, enabling you to leverage the enhanced features and capabilities of the newer version while preserving your valuable data and content.
Step Description
1 Backup MOSS 2007 content database
2 Restore backup to SharePoint 2010 SQL Server
3 Create web application in SharePoint 2010
4 Attach MOSS 2007 content databases to SharePoint 2010
5 Perform post-migration fixes
Migration Methods and Best Practices
There are multiple migration methods you can choose from, but it's important to follow best practices to ensure a successful migration to SharePoint 2010. One method is database attachment, where you take a backup of the content database from MOSS 2007 and restore it to the SQL Server of SharePoint 2010. This allows you to transfer the data and settings from the old version to the new one.
Another option is an in-place upgrade, which involves upgrading the existing MOSS 2007 environment directly to SharePoint 2010. This method is suitable if you want to maintain the same hardware and configurations. However, it is crucial to test and validate the upgrade in a non-production environment to identify and address any compatibility issues before proceeding with the actual migration.
If you prefer a more controlled and granular approach, content migration is a viable method. With this method, you can selectively migrate specific lists, libraries, and sites from MOSS 2007 to SharePoint 2010. This allows you to prioritize and migrate only the necessary content, reducing the risk of migration errors and ensuring a smoother transition.
Regardless of the chosen migration method, it is essential to thoroughly test and validate the migration in a non-production environment. This involves checking the integrity of the migrated content, verifying the functionality and accessibility of sites and workflows, and ensuring that any customizations or third-party solutions work seamlessly in SharePoint 2010.
Meet the Author
Abdul Rahim has been working in Information Technology for over two decades. Learn how Abdul got his start as a Tech Blogger , and why he decided to start this Software blog. If you want to send Abdul a quick message, then visit his contact page here.


Tagged: remote
Cloud-SDR: A Tool for Remotely Accessing SDR's like the RTL-SDR and Airspy
Cloud-SDR is a new tool currently in beta testing which enables remote streaming access of SDR receivers, such as the RTL-SDR and Airspy. In a way it is similar to rtl_tcp in that it allows IQ samples to be streamed over the network, however Cloud-SDR appears to be a much more developed solution that can support more SDR's and has many more features, as well as better performance. Cloud-SDR is not free, and during these beta stages of release the pricing does not appear to be public. However they have licences for personal/hobbyist use, which we assume will be reasonably priced.
In this interesting post they describe various solutions for remote SDR access, and show why their Cloud-SDR solution is useful.
They describe their software in the following blurb:
Cloud-SDR can collect real-time IQ complex samples from an SDR hardware device connected on one machine, stream the samples to a second machine for demodulation or analysis, then send the resulting stream to third machine for storage.
In standalone mode, Cloud-SDR can execute signal processing tasks described with embedded JavaScript DSP engine.
Because network bandwidth is limited compared to SDR receiving bandwidth, the core concept of Cloud-SDR is to move the processing along the cloud to where it is required or possible : the DSP chain is divided in sub-tasks that are spread between computers interconnected through Internet.
For example a "signal scanner" application can be programmed with a script and stored on the SDR server for execution. Only found signals will threshold stream transmission through the TCP/IP network. Remote Client will only receive the IQ stream if a signal is detected by the DSP task. In "cloud mode", the same script can be broadcasted to several SDR nodes located at different places, enabling parrallel signal search.
Server software SDRNode receives IQ streams from the different SDR hardwares, extracts the different bands, processes them and transmits the RF data using compression algorithms to limit TCP/IP network bandwidth.
Currently the hardware supported includes:
 - RTL SDR dongles
 - Perseus SDR
 - BladeRF x40 or x120
 - HackRF
 - AirSpy
 - SDRPlay (under work)
 - USRP UHD (Pro version only)
 - LimeSDR (Pro version only)
On their site they have some tutorials uploaded already. One tutorial shows how to remotely listen to airport radio with a remote Airspy, and one shows how to set up a dual-RTLSDR remote access system. This allows two RTL-SDR's to be used together, with one streaming directly from the antenna, and the second streaming via an upconverter.
Sharing Two RTL-SDR's with CloudSDR.
Sharing Two RTL-SDR's with CloudSDR.
There are also several examples of the Cloud-SDR in action over on the authors YouTube channel.
Creating a wireless RTL-SDR server with a small OpenWRT WiFi Router
Over on his blog yo2ldk has been experimenting with creating a wireless RTL-SDR server by using a mini OpenWRT based WiFi router (page in Romanian, use Google Translate for English). The router he uses is the GL iNet 802.11n 150Mbps router, which is a mini WiFi router that only costs $27 USD and is about the same size as an RTL-SDR dongle. It is mainly intended for use with IoT devices, but it runs the Linux based OpenWRT firmware and has enough processing power and WiFi bandwidth to run an rtl_tcp server streaming at 2MSPS with no lag.
With an RTL-SDR connected and the router running rtl_tcp, the router can be placed anywhere there is power (yo2ldk uses a portable battery pack) to create a remote radio receiver with absolutely no coax cable losses. It's WiFi range could be extended over long distances by using a directional Yagi antenna.
Using routers instead of mini computers like the recently released Raspberry Pi 3 may be a good option because they are very small, usually much cheaper, maybe be more power efficient, and may work better at transmitting the large amounts of data rtl_tcp requires.
In the future yo2ldk hopes to install everything into a shielded metal case, add an upconverter and also a solar panel for remote power.
YO2LDK's remote RTL-SDR set up.
YO2LDK's remote RTL-SDR set up.
We note that if you have an old Android phone, then this could also potentially be used as a remote RTL-SDR server. To create an android RTL-SDR server simply download the Martin Marinov Android RTL2832U Driver from the Google play store. Find the IP address of your Android phone by going to Settings -> About Device -> Status -> IP Address. Then open the RTL2832U driver app and click on "Enable advanced mode (for debug & stream to PC)". Initially the rtl_tcp string will have the code "-a", simply change this to the IP address of your Android phone, for example "-a" and then click Start stream. Now on a remote PC connected to the same network open SDR# go to RTL-SDR (TCP) and type in the IP address of the phone and use the port number 14423. Click the play button and you should now be streaming your RTL-SDR data over WiFi.
New Raspberry PI Remote RTL-SDR GUI Software: MNM4SDR
Recently RTL-SDR.com reader Slaven Krilic wrote in to use to announce his project called MNM4SDR which stands for Monitoring Network Manager for RTL-SDR. The software allows you to set up a remote Raspberry PI embedded computer with an RTL-SDR dongle attached and access it remotely through a Windows PC GUI.
Unlike other server software such as rtl_tcp, raw IQ data is not sent over the network. Instead audio is first compressed in lossless FLAC or OGG formats. This allows you to use much slower network or internet connections. The software also allows you to collected RF scans over a large bandwidth in a similar way to rtl_power.
The software works over an SSH connection and requires that you have RTL-SDR and VLC set up on your Rasperry Pi first.
MNM4SDR: Monitoring Network Manager for RTL-SDR
MNM4SDR: Monitoring Network Manager for RTL-SDR
OpenWebRX: A Multi-User RTL-SDR Receiver with Web Interface
From Reddit we've learned of a new web based SDR receiver software for the RTL-SDR called OpenWebRX. This python based software allows you to run a web server that allows multiple users to connect to an RTL-SDR and listen to it through a web interface. The web interface also allows the RTL-SDR frequency and mode settings to be controlled. The software appears to still be in beta, so it may have some bugs.
The author has also written his BSc. thesis on this software and it is available for reading here. The thesis describes his software design and implementation as well as some SDR theory and may be useful to anyone wishing to implement similar SDR software.
OpenWebRX Web Interface.
OpenWebRX Web Interface.


Project public preposition
barking dog
Status not yet realized
Place People's House, Bucharest /RO
Technique Fences, spotlights, doghouse, 2 dogs in exchange, performance
Thanks Michaela Dedeoglu, Evelin Hust, Beate Köhler,
Oana Lapadatu, Mihai Oroveanu
Montage Archive Mischa Kuball, Düsseldorf /DE
barking dog, Bucharest (not realized)
For no other creature is territorial behavior so pronounced as it is for dogs. It is based on the instinct to take possession of a territory, to mark it and to defend it. Directly in front of the Palace of the Parliament in Bucharest the leashed or enclosed animal would be an appellative symbol of a lost terrain, of the seizure and appropriation of public space for dictatorial and propaganda purposes by the then president Nicolae Ceausescu. In the process of constructing the palace in 1984, which included extensive plazas and boulevards, around 40,000 homes and countless churches and synagogues were torn down, and evictions were carried out in parts of the old city in the 1970s. The site of the former "People's House" would be temporarily occupied by the visibly "domesticated" dog, who thus symbolically reclaims the environment and living space of the citizens. (JO)


text:
Smart people don't put their toys away, they build machines to do it for them. Case and point: this NXT project which can sort LEGO pieces. Just dump a bucket of random blocks in a hopper on one end of the machine. One slice at a time, these plastic pieces will be lifted onto a conveyor system made up of several different belts, which allows for separation of the parts. One block at a time, each piece enters a specially lighted chamber where they are visually identified by the NXT brick. Once it identifies the block, a carousel of plastic containers rotates to place the correct home for the block below the output shoot seen above.
So do we now have a completed LEGO circle of life? Not quite. You can build structures automatically using a 3D LEGO printer and this sorter will have no problem organizing the parts for that purpose. But we still need a LEGO machine that can tear assembled bricks apart.


Jewish city feared by Stalin is rediscovered
Breaking News
It was mentioned in medieval travellers' accounts but Soviet dictator Josef Stalin banned any research into the city and the Khazars, fearing it would prove Russia was descended from a Jewish state.
The city made a fortune from trade but its prosperity declined and in the 14th century it was flooded by the Caspian Sea.
Now a nine-year dig has unearthed the city including the foundations of a fortress, according to archeologists at Russia's Astrakhan State University....
Yevgeny Satanovsky, director of the Middle Eastern Institute in Moscow, said he believes the Khazar elite chose Judaism out of political expediency – to remain independent of neighboring Muslim and Christian states. "They embraced Judaism because they wanted to remain neutral, like Switzerland these days," he said.
The study of the Khazar empire was discouraged in the Soviet Union. Stalin detested the idea that a Jewish empire had come before Russia's own. He ordered references to Khazar history removed from textbooks because they "disproved his theory of Russian statehood," Mr Satanovsky added.
comments powered by Disqus


text:
Underwater Foundations for a Jack-up Bargeby Eldon L. Abbott, Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade &, Douglas Inc, United States,
Stephen J. George, Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade &, Douglas Inc, United States,
Document Type: Proceeding Paper
Part of: Foundation Engineering: Current Principles and Practices
Abstract: Innovative underwater foundations were developed to provide a solid base for the legs of a large jack-up barge needed by General Dynamics to transport heavy components from Quonset Point, Rhode Island, where they are fabricated, to Groton, Connecticut, where assembly is completed. A deep layer of soft soils at the Quonset Point shoreline required either the construction of expensive deep foundations for the barge or the use of unconventional reinforced earth technique to improve the soft soil layer and support the barge loads. General Dynamics elected to go with the innovative reinforced earth solution. This is one of the first underwater applications of the soil reinforcement technique patented by the Reinforced Earth Company.
Subject Headings: Underwater foundations | Soil stabilization | Barges | Jacking | Offshore structures | Soil strength | Layered soils | Innovation | North America | United States | Connecticut | Rhode Island
Services: Buy this book/Buy this article
Return to search


Home » Search
About Data Source
21-30 of 200Refresh
Forum
13
em.flush(); em.clear(); loosing data and not persisting managed objects
storing data from files that was originally in a RDMS and exported as csv like files (1 file per table with one row per entry). These tables are the data from the backend of an antiquated source code/bug ... to get the data directly. The code is stored on the file system in SCCS, but the history of each change
Forum
13
ObjectDB data migration/extraction
Hi What is the way to extract data from ObjectDB to relational databases (Oracle). We need to feed an Oracle database with data for reporting/datawarehosing. Should JPQL be used or is there some tools to do it. Thanks. Currently there is no such tool, so you will have to migrate data using
JPA Doc
11
javax.persistence.spi.PersistenceUnitInfo
source to be used by the persistence provider. Returns the JTA-enabled data source to be used by the persistence provider. The data source corresponds to the jta-data-source element in the persistence.xml file or is provided at deployment or by the container. Returns: the JTA-enabled data source
Tutorial
11
Step 2: Create a Project and a Report
the report file name (e.g. report.rptdesign) and click Finish. The next step is creating an ObjectDB data source.
Tutorial
11
Step 3: Define a Spring DAO Component
Operations on the database will be performed by an instance of a Data Access Object (DAO) that we will define in this step as a Spring MVC component: Open the [New Java Class] dialog box by right ... source file with the following code: package guest; import java.util.List; import javax
Result
11
Apache License, Version 2.0, January 2004
. "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications, including but not limited to software source code, documentation source, and configuration files. "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical transformation or translation of a Source form, including but not limited
Forum
11
To open source, or not to open source
. Therefore we do the bugfix backporting ourself. This would not have be possible if db4o was close source ... relation to your close source policy. Do you have any plans to open source ObjectDB ? /Peter Lerche EasySpeedy.com Sorry, currently there are no plans to open source ObjectDB. lsPeter
JDO Doc
10
javax.jdo.PersistenceManager
1.0 void deletePersistent(Object pc) Delete the persistent instance from the data store. Delete the persistent instance from the data store. This method must be called in an active transaction. The data store object will be removed at commit. Unlike makePersistent, which makes the closure
JDO Doc
9
javax.jdo.listener.InstanceLifecycleEvent
, Java Data Objects 2.0 Specification" Object getSource() Object getSource() The source object ... InstanceLifecycleEvent(Object source, int type) Creates a new event object with the specified source and type. Creates a new event object with the specified source and type. Parameters: source - the instance


text:
Feelings, Brain and Prevention of Corruption
International Journal of Psychology Research, Vol. 3, No. 3, 2008
17 Pages Posted: 20 Apr 2009
Date Written: July 19, 2008
In this paper we propose an answer for the question: why, sometimes, people don't perceive corruption as a crime? To answer this question we use a neurological and a psychological concept. As humans, we experience our emotions and feelings in first person, but the neuropsychological mechanism known as "mirror neurons" makes possible to simulate emotions and feelings of others. It means that our emotions and feelings are linked with emotions and feelings of others. When mirror areas in the brain are activated we can understand and simulate in first person the actions, emotions and feelings of people. Because of these areas, the observer's brain acts "as if" it was experiencing the same action or the same feeling that is perceived. Each organism establishes causal relations to understand, manipulate and move in the world. Causal relations can be classified as simple or complex. In a simple causal relation, cause and effect are close in space and time. When cause and effect are not close in space and time, the causal relation is complex. When perceiving or committing homicide, a simple causal relation is enough for identifying a victim, but when perceiving or committing a public corruption crime, a complex causal relation must be established for identifying a victim. When seeing someone committing bribe there is no an evident victim. If persons can't identify victims of public corruption crimes, then they will not generate empathy feelings. When a victim is not identified and perceived, there is no reason for thinking that harm is being inflicted and mirror areas in the brain are not activated.
Keywords: Corruption, Brain, Emotions, Mirror Neurons, Theory of Mind, Feelings
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation


Example 9.12: simpler ways to carry out permutation tests
October 31, 2011
In a previous entry, as well as section 2.4.3 of the book, we describe how to carry out a 2 group permutation test in SAS as well as with the coin package in R. We demonstrate with comparing the ages of the female and male subjects in the HELP study.
In this entry, we revisit the permutation test using other functions.
We describe a simpler interface to carry out and visualize permutation tests using the functions from the mosaic package.
We begin by replicating our previous example (section 2.6.4, p. 87).
numsim = 1000
oneway_test(age ~ as.factor(female),
distribution=approximate(B=numsim-1), data=ds)
which yields the following output:
Approximative 2-Sample Permutation Test
data: age by as.factor(female) (0, 1)
Z = -0.9194, p-value = 0.3894
alternative hypothesis: true mu is not equal to 0
We conclude that there is minimal evidence to contradict the null hypothesis that the two groups have the same ages back in their respective populations.
Now we demonstrate another way to run this test in a more general form, using the mosaic package's do() function combined with the * operator to repeatedly carry out fitting a linear model with a parameter for female which will calculate our test statistic (difference in means between females and males) repeatedly after shuffling the group indicators. The shuffle() function permutes the group labels, and then the summary statistic is calculated.
> library(mosaic)
> obsdiff = with(ds, mean(age[female==1]) - mean(age[female==0]))
> obsdiff
> summary(age ~ female, data=ds, fun=mean)
age N=453
| | |N |mean |
|female |No |346|35.46821|
| |Yes|107|36.25234|
|Overall| |453|35.65342|
Now we can run the permutation test, then display the results on a souped-up histogram with different shading for values larger in magnitude than the observed statistic (see above).
res = do(numsim) * lm(age ~ shuffle(female), data=ds)
pvalue = sum(abs(res$female) > abs(obsdiff)) / numsim
xhistogram(~ female, groups = abs(female) > abs(obsdiff),
n=50, density=TRUE, data=res, xlab="difference between groups",
main=paste("Permutation test result: p=", round(pvalue, 3)))
The results are similar to those from the previous test: there is little evidence to contradict the null hypothesis.
In SAS, we'll take another approach, delving into the capabilities of proc iml to make a manual permutation test. We begin by reading the data and replicating the example in the book.
libname k 'c:\book';
proc npar1way data = k.help;
class female;
var age;
exact scores=data / mc n= 9999 alpha =.05;
Data Scores One-Way Analysis
Chi-Square 0.8453
DF 1
Pr > Chi-Square 0.3579
Permuting data is a very awkward thing to do in data steps. But it turns out to be easy in proc iml (the built-in SAS matrix language). Here we read in the key variables from the data set (use and read). Then we generate the permutations (ranperm). However, this generates row for each permuted data set, while we need a column for each, so we transpose the matrix (t) before saving it. Then we save the resulting data in a SAS data set with the female variable. Note that we permuted the ages only, as opposed to the R example– it doesn't matter which is permuted, of course. Much of the proc iml code used here can be found in section 1.9 of the book– however, note that curly braces are required in the read statement, as shown below.
proc iml;
use k.help;
read all var{female age} into x;
p = t(ranperm(x[,2],1000));
paf = x[,1]||p;
create newds from paf;
append from paf;
With the permuted data in hand, we use proc ttest (section 2.4.1) with the ODS system to generate and save the differences. Note that the default variable names from proc iml are fairly nondescript. With the 1000 permuted statistics in hand, we can generate a histogram of the statistics and a p-value with proc univariate.
ods output conflimits=diff;
proc ttest data=newds plots=none;
class col1;
var col2 - col1001;
proc univariate data=diff;
where method = "Pooled";
var mean;
histogram mean / normal;
data diff2;
set diff;
absdiff = abs(mean);
proc univariate data=diff2
loccount mu0 = 0._PHONE_;
where method = "Pooled";
var absdiff;
Location Counts: Mu0=0.78
Count Value
Num Obs > Mu0 357
Num Obs ^= Mu0 1000
Num Obs < Mu0 643
Tags:,,,,,
Comments are closed.


text: The BRDF (Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function) of vegetation canopies exhibits an anisotropic behaviour that is related to illumination and viewing geometries. However, some other aspects such as the optical properties and the structural parameters of the targets should be taken into account for an adequate explanation of the bidirectional phenomenon. The present investigation examines the anisotropic behaviour of the homogeneous canopies reflectance from laboratory data as a function of viewing geometry, structural parameters and optical properties of the samples in order to obtain relevant information to improve biophysical parameters retrieval and discrimination of vegetation canopies from optical spectral data. Airborne data acquired in Daisex-99 campaign over Barrax test site (Albacete/Spain) with the HyMap instrument are also included. The HyMap concept is able to record hot spot effect, and moreover, the different flight tracks carried out in Daisex-99 allow us to complete anisotropic behaviour shown in laboratory experience, where illumination was fixed, with airborne data acquired under different solar zenith angle. Results confirm initial hypothesis that anisotropy reflectance is related to structural parameters of the vegetation and show anisotropic behaviour usefulness to study vegetation canopies increasing data dimensionality, varying both illumination and view angles. The anisotropy factor, ANIF, has resulted a simple relationship to provide us with relevant information about vegetation canopies structure. Keywords- Vegetation Canopies, Anisotropy, Reflectance, Hot Spot, Hymap.


Creating Value as a Negotiating Strategy
Except in a physical confrontation winning does not mean the loser must lose or even know he has lost. The art in negotiating is the creation of value so both parties can be vested in the outcome.
Creating value is work. It requires knowledge, preparation and inspiration. The benefit, however, can be a mutually satisfying resolution.
Conflict occurs when two or more people compete over a commodity. This can be anything. Land, money, a woman, a man, the baseball bat or the last piece of cake are all commodities likely to cause conflict.
The solution to conflicts other than by brute force is the realignment of interests through the exchanging of concessions. If the focus of the conflict is very narrow, like the wallet in your coat in a dark alley, the opportunity to align interests is very limited. Your best option is to tender it and hope that you will gain the option to walk away unscathed.
When the focus is widened, then there are opportunities to create value through the redistribution of assets or concessions that are valued differently by the parties.
The disparity of valuation is the key to value enhancement. Because we are all unique, we value things differently. The differential allows for the creative realignment of interests to maximize the potential value of the aggregate commodities.
Sex sells. The age old profession repeatedly validates this. The professional knows that she can up her price by adding feigned affection and personal involvement in the basic act. The cost to her is little in tangible assets but the reward can raise the price of a furtive back alley service to a lucrative remuneration for an ego (his) satisfying performance. The act has not changed. The perceived value has.
Similarly in a dispute over a minor issue between a contractor and the customer, a simple apology by the contractor may yield a significant concession by the customer. The cost of the apology to the contractor is a bit of ego; the reward is incremental cold, hard cash.


text:
While ethnic studies courses have received negative attention in recent years in places such as Arizona, where a Mexican American studies course was banned in 2010, a new study on these classes has come out with a significant finding: they can help improve struggling students' attendance rates and grades.
Researchers looked at outcomes for students taking ethnic studies classes at several San Francisco high schools and compared them to outcomes for similar students not enrolled in the classes. They found a 21 percentage point increase in attendance and a 1.4 point increase in GPA for ninth-graders assigned to take the course. The effects were especially notable for male and Hispanic students.
"What's so unique about this program is the degree to which it helped the students who took it," said Emily Penner, co-author of the paper and a post-doctoral researcher at the Stanford Graduate School of Education. "Schools have tried a number of approaches to support struggling students, and few have been this effective. It's a novel approach that suggests that making school relevant and engaging to struggling students can really pay off."
The study's authors think the ethnic studies classes were likely successful in boosting students' academic performance because they affirmed students' identities and validated hardships students had experienced as members of minority groups.
The authors write that their findings indicate that "culturally relevant pedagogy can be extraordinarily effective in supporting the academic progression of struggling students."


text:
Sumarinis procesas: romėniškosios kilmės paieškos, taikymo problemos bei teisinio reglamentavimo galimybės.
The Code of Civil procedure of Republic of Lithuania establishes a variety of procedural forms. The main forms of summary proceedings are court order and documentary proceedings that are dedicated to reach a higher degree of concentration and economy. One of the main aims of the article is to present the origins of summary proceedings that can be find in roman civil procedure. According to that, the essence of the rescriptorial litigation is revealed. It is stated in the article that the forms of litigation mentioned above essentially fulfilled their destination but there are some problems the courts collide while applying the norms of the Code of Civil procedure regulating the handing of procedural documents passed in the summary civil procedure and as well there exist serious disadvantages while regulating the coming into power of preliminary decision. The author argues the position of the Supreme Court that was developed according to the situation when the copy of a preliminary decision cannot be handed to the defendant because his location is unknown. It is suggested that according to the principle of disposition of parties, the claim should be left not considered meanwhile the right of the decision to apply or not following the ordinary dispute litigation should be given exceptionally to the plaintiff. The author assumes the order of coming into power of preliminary procedure as one of the principle drawbacks in the legal regulation of defined summary trials. In this case establishing the same order of coming into power as for the court order the essential difference between two forms of defined summary trial has not been taken into mind. The author refers to the examples established in the mid–war Code of Civil procedure and in the Code of Civil procedure of the Republic of Latvia and emphasizes that the preliminary decision is passed on the basis of proof that was presented by the plaintiff, the court evaluates the presented literal proof and thus the possibility to pass an unfair decision is much lesser than in the case of court order. According to that it is suggested to amend the Code of Civil procedure stating that the coming into power of preliminary procedure has nothing in common with the contradictions presented by the defendant and establish the right of the defendant to appeal the preliminary decision following the general rules of appeal.
- Articles / Straipsniai