text:
Despite Aristotle's firm opinion on the differences between poetry and historiography, an elegiac inscription set up in Herodotus' hometown, Halicarnassus, praised him as "the pedestrian Homer of historiography". As it is well known, the uncertain author of the treatise On the Sublime referred to Herodotus as ὁμηρικώτατος, "the most Homeric". In my paper, I will not take into consideration the literary connections between Homer and Herodotus, so much analyzed by modern scholars. I will rather discuss a specific verb, τεκμαίρομαι, and try to demonstrate that the way in which Herodotus employs it still partially depends on the Homeric background of the verb itself.
In a text that Diogenes Laertius attributed to Aristotle's dialogue On the Poets, Empedocles' poetic style is celebrated. However, in the Poetics Aristotle says that Empedocles was a physiologist, not a poet, and in other places he expresses criticism about his language. How do you explain the disparity in Aristotle's judgments? This is the question to which this paper presents a new answer.
The present article deals with the Dikaiomata, one of Aristotle's three historical works (alongside the Politeiai and the Nomima barbarika), of which only three fragments are preserved. The combined information from testimonia and fragments leads to the hypothesis that the Dikaiomata were a collection containing information about Greek Poleis, that the material collected was of a geographical, onomastic and historical nature and that Philip II of Macedonia may have used the collection in order to settle conflicts between Greek cities. Ancient sources confirm that dikaiomata were legal arguments and/or documents supporting (territorial) claims of cities against each other: an epigraphical dossier from Samos and Priene contains the dikaiomata which were presented by both parties to support their case in a territorial conflict, the works of the local historians being the most important dikaiomata for the remote past. The article comes to the conclusion that Aristotle's Dikaiomata were a collection of claims of Greek Poleis against each other, and that the local histories of the Poleis concerned were important source material for Aristotle for both his Dikaiomata and Politeiai.
A unique lexical recall, placed in an unusual scenario, makes it likely that Dionysius of Halicarnassus, comparing the Asian oratory to a prostitute trying to expel the legitimate wife living in her same house, has in mind Smikrines' speech to his daughter in the Epitrepontes, in which the same situation is prefigured: it is the first documented reference to a comedy of Menander in Dionysius' rhetorical work.
The concept of civilitas has recently received great attention – although only within precise historical frameworks –, which has led to a deeper knowledge of this political model. However, in my opinion, Cassius Dio's Roman History has not received a due consideration in this respect; indeed, the so called anecdotical-biographical chapters of the dionean "imperial books" give some hints about the concept of civilitas according to Cassius Dio's political thought. By rehabilitating the historiographical role of these chapters, it would be possible to yield an inner analysis of Cassius Dio's work, looking for his historical and political meaning on the background of the crisis of the Third Century. In order to prove that the concept of civilitas plays a pivotal role in the Dionean Roman History, I decided to focus on the first five years of the reign of Tiberius as case study (LVII 7-14).
The article aims to shed new light on the so-called Epistolary of the 'Pseudo-Boniface', a literary work of great historical interest written in Latin during Late Antiquity and consisting in a spurious correspondence between Count Boniface and Saint Augustine, the last two renowned figures of the Romano-African civilization. Surprisingly ignored, in general, by historiography and philology, the Epistolary is brought to the reader's attention in its first Italian translation, together with a rigorous historical commentary and an innovative interpretation about its dating and writing context, without neglecting a close analysis of the authentic purposes which inspired the anonymous forger in conceiving his elaborate fiction.
This paper deals with the most ancient tale about the way and the time Aristotle's Metaphysics was composed. This is found at the beginning of Asclepius' commentary in Metaphysicam (4.4-16 Hayduck). If we consider the general context which the tale seems to presuppose, its interest is twofold: it witnesses for a time when the Metaphysics could still be regarded as an unfinished work. In this paper, after some remarks on the reception and the textual constitution of the text, I suggest that Asclepius' source could be Alexander of Aphrodisias in his lost introduction to Aristotle's Metaphysics. If so, Alexander could have still been in condition to apologize for some lately made changes in the overall shape of the work.
This article analyses the physical and cultural appropriation of the Parthenon by 19th-century Britain, and specifically Scotland's role in this matter in relation to England and France. The article proposes a new explanation for the choice of the Parthenon as the architectural model for the Scottish National Monument, and argues that Edinburgh's famous title of 'Athens of the North' developed a new meaning in close connection with, and probably as a consequence of, this debate. By highlighting the many and contradictory variations on the theme of the alleged similarities between Scotland and Greece, the paper points out how the Parthenon was meant to be 'restored' through its physical reproduction in Edinburgh, as an example of the means through which Western culture seized on and regarded Greek antiquities in terms of national pride and international competition.
E. Calderón Dorda, S. Perea Yébenes (edd.), Estudios sobre el vocabulario religioso griego (R. Tosi), p. 197 – Euripide, Ione. I Canti, a cura di P. Santé (M. De Poli), p. 199 – Emotion and Persuasion in Classical Antiquity, edited by E. Sanders and M. Johncock (F. Minonne), p. 202 – A. Rolle, Dall'Oriente a Roma. Cibele, Iside e Serapide nell'opera di Varrone (M. Farese), p. 204 – L. Annaeus Seneca, De clementia libri duo, edidit H. Malaspina (N. Lanzarone), p. 206 – J.-P. Ayg on, Ut scaena sic vita. Mise en scène et dé voilement dans les oeuvres philosophiques et dramatiques de Sé nèque (G. Aricò), p. 208 – M. Baumbach, P. von Möllendorff, Ein literarischer Prometheus. Lukian aus Samosata und die Zweite Sophistik (G. Tomassi), p. 211 – V. Fromentin, E. Bertrand, M. Coltelloni-Trannoy, M. Molin, G. Urso (edd.), Cassius Dion: nouvelles lectures (A. Galimberti), p. 213 – Theologische Orakel in der Spätantike, a cura di H. Seng, G. Sfameni Gasparro (F. Berno), p. 215 – Paulini Nolani Carmina, cura et studio F. Dolveck (G. Zago), p. 217 – M. Onorato, Il castone e la gemma. Sulla tecnica poetica di Sidonio Apollinare (S. Fascione), p. 220 – Vérité et apparence. Mélanges en l'honneur de Carlos Lévy offerts par ses amis et ses disciples. Études réunis par P. Galand et E. Malaspina, avec la partecipation de Th. Bénatouil, Ch. Guérin, V. Laurand et F. Prost (G. Aricò), p. 222


text:
*Reposted; could you please show me a circuit and explain why they
Hello, If I were to construct this circuit on a breadboard, how
will I go on about it? Please note that this is for an electronics
1 course, so not too advanced.
Water Level Buzzer
Design a water level buzzer circuit using a 6 V dc supply and a
sensor. When the water level reaches the sensor, the circuit must
Please show a diagram, and reasons for choosing circuit components.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Kolkata Fatafat is a popular and thrilling lottery game that has gained immense popularity in the vibrant city of Kolkata. This game has captured the attention of thousands of individuals who seek their luck in winning substantial cash prizes. At the heart of this game lies the concept of "lucky numbers," a key element that has become a focal point for players aiming to strike it rich.
Understanding Kolkata Fatafat:
Kolkata Fatafat is a rapid lottery game where players choose a set of numbers, and if those numbers match the winning combination, they stand a chance to win significant sums of money. The game is known for its simplicity and speed, making it an enticing option for those who enjoy the thrill of instant results.
The Draw of Lucky Numbers:
In the realm of Kolkata Fatafat, lucky numbers hold a special significance. Players believe that certain numbers carry a charm or luck that can increase their chances of winning. These lucky numbers are often based on personal beliefs, superstitions, or even past experiences of successful bets.
It is not uncommon to see players relying on a combination of birthdates, anniversaries, or other significant numbers in their lives when selecting their lucky numbers. Others might turn to numerology or consult with astrologers to determine the numbers they should bet on.
The Role of Strategy and Statistics:
While luck undoubtedly plays a crucial role in any lottery game, some players take a more strategic approach to Kolkata Fatafat. They analyze past results, study patterns, and use statistical data to make informed decisions about which numbers to include in their bets. However, it's essential to note that the outcome of the game is ultimately unpredictable, and no strategy guarantees success.
The Thrill of the Unknown:
One of the main appeals of Kolkata Fatafat is the unpredictability of the game. The draw of lucky numbers adds an element of excitement, as players eagerly await the results, hoping that fate is on their side. The anticipation and suspense create a unique atmosphere that keeps participants hooked, making it a popular pastime for those seeking entertainment and the chance to win big.
While the allure of winning substantial sums can be enticing, it's crucial for players to engage in responsible gambling. The outcome of Kolkata Fatafat is based on chance, and participants should approach the game with a sense of enjoyment rather than relying on it as a source of income.
Kolkata Fatafat, with its emphasis on lucky numbers, has become a cultural phenomenon in the city. The game brings together people from diverse backgrounds, all united by the desire to test their luck and potentially change their fortunes. Whether one relies on superstition, strategic analysis, or simply the thrill of the unknown, Kolkata Fatafat continues to be a fascinating and dynamic element of the city's entertainment landscape.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Just re-define it.
First, take a look at the amazing drop in poverty seen in Delaware schools this year:
WOW!! DOUBLE WOW!! 22,967 Delaware children escaped poverty this year!!!
That's a 19.5% drop in low income children!!! Amazing!!! Secretary Murphy for President!!!
Uh, what? You're kidding, right? Kids Count has child poverty heading in the other direction?
Well, don't let a little thing called FACTS deter the Delaware Department of Education. Secretary Murphy's people understand that in order to control the conversation you have to control the definition of the terms.
So they changed the definition of "low income" to wipe poverty as a factor in school performance.
Here's the evidence:
In plain English, being on Medicaid or qualifying for Free or Reduced Lunch no longer identifies children as being "low income."
And in case you were wondering, here's the income requirement to be covered by Medicaid in Delaware:
So while the Federal Government would automatically conclude that any child qualifying for Medicaid was "low income," the DE DOE says, "No Way!"
This is simply unacceptable. And the fact that the bureaucrats are getting away with it without being generally called on it is also unacceptable on our part.
It's truly time for some changes in Dover.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Tips for Heated up Devices by Apple Phone Repair Stores in Tomball
Different issues happen to various electronic gadgets; heating up is the one that can cause further problems. This article will explain the causes of this heating up, and the store offering Apple phone repair in Tomball will provide tips to safeguard the gadgets from further damaging them.
Stores Providing Apple phone repair in Tomball Explain Heating up
The issue of warming up can be experienced by all electronic device clients, particularly cell phones. However, a significant number of people don't know about the reasons for this heating up. The following points will explain the causes of the gadget warming up.
 1. People who have jobs utilizing electronic gadgets throughout the day will have to experience the arming up of the device situation. The risk of heating up is not only for the gadget but also for the user's well-being and is in danger.
 2. Some people continuously utilize the device's camera, not realizing it can cause the cell phone's warm up. The main explanation is that the camera utilizes all three components; CPU, screen, and battery.
 3. When device apps are continuously running, regardless of whether you have shut them, then this means that a virus or Malware has attacked your device. This will eventually heat the device, and you must take them for electronics repair in Tomball.
 4. If you keep your device's brightness to a maximum level, then your device will start to heat up. Also, another point related to screen brightness is that playing games or watching videos of a high resolution will also heat your device.
Tips by Cell Phone Repair Store in Tomball
When you take your device to a repair store like Alex iPhone, the technicians there will advise you on tips for taking care of your device to ensure that they don't heat up. The following tips ensure that the devices are not heating up.
Break up the Device Utilization Time
You might be enjoying a good movie or playing your favorite game, but your health and the devices need to take breaks if you plan to use the gadget for the whole day.
Don't let Background Apps Run Continuously
Running background apps while the phone is off can also cause the gadget to heat up. The reason is that the CPU is continuously running to keep the apps active. Individuals should keep these apps closed and open when they are used.
Try not to Leave Gadget in the Sun
Some people might leave their devices in the sun to dry up because the gadgets have water inside. This can be dangerous because the device will heat up when it is opened afterward. Avoid leaving your cell phone in the sun because it will heat up and cause damage.
These tips by technicians at stores providing Apple phone repair in Tomball will benefit the users as they save gadgets from heating up. Also, the device users should know the reasons behind this vital issue.
Leave a Comment
Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *


Storytelling program 'combats child abuse'
Posted December 18, 2012 21:07:27
A Federal Government department has found a pilot program based around storytelling has been remarkably effective at helping children to protect themselves from abuse.
The National Association for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect program, which began at an all-Indigenous school in New South Wales, was aimed at children aged between five and eight.
It used stories about local wildlife to explain a deeper message to children on how to deal with child abuse and neglect.
Green Hill primary school principal Sandra Ross began to implement the program after having difficulty with children deliberately lighting fires.
Audio: Listen to Tom Nightingale's report (The World Today)
"I tried everything. I put in special programs, I had the fire brigade come along to no avail," she told The World Today.
"But then when I was planning something else I came across a legend about an eagle [that] comes and looks for people who light fires and immediately the fire-lighting stopped."
Together with local Dhangatti elders, teachers at the school then adapted the program for a wider purpose.
"The message there is that you always need to have communication, and so several children needed to come and talk about things, which once was something that they never would have done," Ms Ross said.
Angela Walsh from the National Association for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect says the program sought to teach children from a young age what was safe and unsafe in order to prevent implications that could run into adult life.
"To actually be able to have kids [realise], when they get butterflies in their stomach, when their hands are trembling, when they feel all these emotions rushing through their body that they're actually feeling unsafe, and that when they're feeling unsafe they need to do something about that and need to talk to someone and they can get help," she said.
"I think we've had more incidental comments about bullying, for example, so a lot of the kids will come up to teacher in the playground and say 'that boy's behaving like the dingo, and I feel unsafe'.
"I think that's an area that would be great to measure."
The Tamworth program has just been evaluated by the Department of Community Services.
It found questionnaire results showed children did have more awareness of protective behaviours including identifying emotions, identifying people who could protect the children and learning to speak out about problems.
Associate Professor Jenny Hudson, from Macquarie University's Department of Psychology, says there was evidence that programs like the Tamworth program increased children's knowledge about risk and protective behaviours.
"This pilot program shows that children's knowledge did increase, which is a good thing," she said.
"There was no particular control group, which raises some problems, we know that all the children in the program actually did increase their knowledge.
"Whether or not they would have increased that knowledge otherwise, we cannot tell from this particular study."
The program has since been expanded to other schools in Sydney and on the mid-north New South Wales coast.
Topics: schools, primary-schools, child-abuse, indigenous-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander, australia, tamworth-2340, nsw


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Why do people say Hashem wrote the torah, shouldn't it be He created it, made it, edited it, etc?
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
Hashem is the author of the Torah. Generally the author of a work writes it. Actually nowadays the author generally types it, nevertheless, we still say so and so "wrote" it. Who transcribed it or how they did so is incidental to who authored it.
In other words saying Hashem wrote the Torah is just a generic way to convey in English that Hashem is its author.
share|improve this answer
Very Well said Yirmeyahu – SimchasTorah Apr 18 '10 at 5:11
Another example: Stephen Hawking doesn't "write" his books, though that's the word we use. – Charles Koppelman Aug 6 '12 at 16:16
Well he dictated it to Moshe who wrote it,But it already existed in Shamayim as we know based on the story of Moshe going up to get it it by Kabbolos Hatorah and we also know that it was the blueprint for the world as we know Hashem looked into the torah and created the world.The closest thing I can think of where Hashem sort of wrote was the question is asked if Moshe died on Shabbos how did he write the 12 sefer torahs for the Shevatim one answer is given is He use An Incantaion and they got written I guess you can call that Hashem wrote it.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
the run, I spray paint the 12:16pm point. If the locus of the shadow for each day developes a cycloid over time, you'll know that the pole has started to bend or the bubble level isn't vertical anymore.
Before each session (each day's readings) I rotate the bubble level 90° with respect to the pole (using the seam in the pole for orientation), giving 1 of 4 different orientations. If there were any systematic problems in the gnomon, I would see a pattern in the noon spots that repeated every 4 days of readings. I didn't see any pattern with a 4 day periodicity.
With the poor analemmas I was getting, I didn't want any bad data, so if it was cloudy at local mean noon, but I had a good run of points uptil and after that time, I didn't interpolate, and just threw away the data for that day.
That's how you use and test a straight and vertical gnomon. How do you check that it's straight and vertical in the first place? Once the gnomon was assembled I did these two checks in order (any time of day you get a shadow is fine)
Check the pole for straightness: Make the pole vertical according to the bubble level. (The bubble level hasn't been calibrated for verticallity yet, which doesn't matter for this test.) Take a reading (chalk mark the shadow on the ground). For the next reading 1 min later, hold onto the bubble level so that it doesn't rotate, and rotate the pole 45° (the direction doesn't matter, pick one and keep rotating the same way for all tests; you can use the seam on the tube track your orientation). Do a series of readings, at 1 min intervals, each time rotating the pole 45°, while holding onto the bubble level frame, to stop it from rotating. It will take 8 mins to get a complete cycloid. You now have 9 readings (0..8mins) taken with the pole rotating 45° each time, while the bubble level remained stationary. Repeat this, for another 8mins, or until you get the same pattern each time (as above). Look at the line of the shadow points. The locus of the shadow has to be a straight line of evenly spaced points. If you chose the piece of EMT carefully, this test should pass. If this test fails, you need a new piece of EMT.
Check the bubble level for verticallity: The bubble level is only vertical enough to put in fence posts. Here you get it vertical enough for an analemma. This test will only work, when the previous test passed.
This time I rotated the pole, allowing the bubble level to rotate along with the pole.
|For the orientations at multiples of 90° you can line up the shadow of the pole on the bubble level frame, or have the sun grazing a flat of the frame. For the orientations at multiples of 45° I line up the shadows of the bubble level frame edges.|
If the bubble level frame isn't vertical in both directions, you'll get a cycloid and you'll need to shim the bubble level frame. You do this by inserting tape (regular office grade sticky tape is fine, see bubble level with collar) at the top or bottom of the two faces of the bubble level frame, where they touch the pole (making 4 adjusting points). Put the pole in the orientation that produces the cusps (or bumps) of the cycloid; shim the bubble level frame to move the shadow back half the width of the cycloid path. Iterate till the locus of the shadow is a straight line (I needed 3 layers of tape in one spot to get it right).
While you can calibrate this gnomon, you can only check its calibration during use. You can't easily add pieces of sticky tape between the bubble level and the pole, to see if that gives a straighter line.
Here's simulated (graph_cycloid.py) and actual data for this gnomon
Figure 21. Mk2 gnomon. 7 days of data
With a functioning Mk2 gnomon, I had to throw out my previous data, which had been produced by a pole which presumably was progressively bending with time. If you're looking for reproducability between years, you need 2 years of data to get one point. For my next round, I started in spring, with each day's run showing nice straight lines of points. As the days went on, I was still getting erratic points on the analemma, for which I could find no explanation. 12 months later, I saw that the points in the spring were about 30-45secs different from the previous year, but by summer, the points for each day were the same as the year before.
When previous days chalk marks hadn't been washed out by rain, I would have expected the points at any particular time (say 12:05pm) to all line up, but the line joining points of the same time were very noisy, at least 30-45secs. Often it was hard to trace the line of constant time back through previous day's readings.
From my position at the gnomon while taking the 16mins of points, I could see at the accumulating chalk marks and the estimated position for the next mark. If there was anything obviously wrong with the next point, I could see it coming and could look at the bubbles or the elastic for clues as to what I might have done wrong. I know that checking the current datum to see if it's compatible with previously recorded data is fudging, but I had the choice of recording a bad point or recording a much better point which seemed quite compatible with the bubble level. The possibility that I was fudging the data was worrying, but I didn't have any objective measure of how much fudging I might be doing.
By dumb luck, about 2yrs later, due to a run of fine weather, and juggling my work schedule, I collected data for an unprecedented 17 consecutive days.
Figure 22. 17 days of data
From my position at the gnomon, the 17 days of data looked fine, but later standing to the side of the analemma (the direction I didn't see from the gnomon), the data was a mess. The lines should have all been parallel, but while straight (little noise), they weren't parallel. Some adjacent pairs of lines converged as they went towards the analemma and some diverged. Any fudging I might be doing, should have no effect on this non-observed dimension. If I was only fudging left-right, then rather than straight non-parallel lines with little noise, I should have seen parallel but noisy lines. From my view point at the gnomon, I was clearly straightening the lines, while at the same time stopping the lines from being parallel. Whatever I was doing from the gnomon was affecting the data in the other dimension. I was adding about 30sec of fudging.
For a control, I went back to my original method, of not looking at the shadow till I was about to record it (no antipation and corrections of problems).
The hand held Mk2 gnomon wasn't going to get any better than 30-60secs of accuracy. Presumably having a fixed jig (rather than hand holding) for the gnomon would have helped this initial calibration. Still even after this type of calibration, I would have to record the data with a hand held gnomon.
Here's the analemma after a few years with the Mk2 gnomon. The white lines are 2 mins of sun movement.
Figure 24. Analemma looking north.
Figure 25. Analemma looking south.
Clearly the best gnomon would be fixed (rather than hand held). Instead of standing at the gnomon, I could stand at the shadow point and when the moment came, I could mark the spot. A lot less room for fudging. I'd spent much time over the previous years, trying without success, to figure out a way to turn a heavy duty surveyor's tripod into a 10' high gnomon. Then one day I met some astronomer friends for dinner in Raleigh. Being early, and having nothing better to do for 20mins, I stopped in at the nearby Peace St Camera Store for some idle walking around. (I'm not much into cameras, I can never keep track of all my photos, and have given up trying to take more, however I admire the technical aspects of lenses etc. I didn't make the transition from film to digital SLRs as I have a bucket of Olympus OM1 backs and lenses, and would have expected Olympus to make a line of digital cameras, which could use my Zuiko lenses. Because of this experience, if I buy another good camera, it will be from a company that wants me as a continuing customer, when a subsequent generation of hardware arrives.) There I spied a light 128" tripod for mounting remote flash attachments, for use in weddings etc. It just might do.
Here's what I had to do to convert the light tripod to be a gnomon
a sphere at the top to cast a shadow
|A lens, at the top of the pole, to make a bright spot in the center of a shadow, would have been even better, but I've never been able to find anything with a focal length of 18'. Later when I adopted the method of rotating the gnomon 45° for each reading, I would need a way of keeping the lenses


Disclaimer: This is a user generated content submitted by a member of the WriteUpCafe Community. The views and writings here reflect that of the author and not of WriteUpCafe. If you have any complaints regarding this post kindly report it to us.
Dedicated examination light adds an essential compliment to any medical examination space. With a spotlight on visually measuring the organic structure, correct illumination is important. This is often not exclusively true for routine examinations, except for gynecologic, emergency, and eye exams. Contingent on the case, forte lighting is important. Before bankrolling the examination fittings, the workplace's natural and fluorescent illumination ought to be assessed. Are there usual illumination choices like windows, skylights, and closed lights? Are the glowing or radiant units warm? Does one have modified color-stable bulbs? Once your universal illumination is recognized, examination lights which one can get from Exam Lights Suppliers ought to be inventoried and assessed.
Examination Illuminations : LED vs Halogen
One of the biggest enhancements to exam lights is the LED light basis. For many years halogen lights were normal and technical progressions have substituted that. Most manufacturers are no longer manufacturing halogen exam illuminations. This is typical because LED exam lights deliver a brighter light and a better color temperature. LED exam lights have some important compensations. LED exam lights yield very little warmth, are much more energy well-organized, and last much longer. Some light constructors guess their LED illuminations to last approximately 50,000 hours!
As light constructors phase out halogen exam lights, spare parts and bulbs are tougher to acquire. While you may find some exam lights that use halogen light sources, purchasers are better off spending the extra money on LED exam lights because of the many general advantages.
It's significant to reflect on these other factors when looking to purchase an exam light from Exam Lights Dealers.
Brightness:- The measurement of the illumination of light is calculated in Lux. A Lux is equal to about one meter from the light basis. You need to know how cheerful an exam light is going to be because medical specialists depend on the light basis to positively and safely perform medical procedures and for identifying patients.
Color Temperature: with medical illuminations, the color temperature is calculated in kelvin degrees. Halogen exam lights yield about 3,100 degrees, Kelvin. LED exam lights usually have a color temperature of about 4,300 degrees Kelvin.
Light Dimming:- Do you want an exam light that has manifold dimming choices? Many illuminations have two or three phases of light dimming. If the light does not show diverse illumination contact the Exam Lights Suppliers and ask and undertake if it only has one illumination level.
Color Rendering (CRI):- CRI is the light's aptitude to show the theme in the color that it is. You want to locate an exam light that will have a high enough CRI so that colors will seem as they are, this will also be exaggerated using LED or halogen light bulbs. Most LED examination illuminations have a CRI between 95 and 97.
Sterilizable Handle:- Will you use the exam light to an extent where the handle must be pasteurized? Many creations make light heads with sterilizable grips. If sterilizable grips are not obtainable, you can ask the Exam Lights Suppliers if there are any throwaway handle covers obtainable for that model.
Lastly, before buying your exam light you should make sure that the vendor is an authorized dealer for that manufacturer. Many purchasers are cheated with low-quality look copies and used illuminations that are sold as new. Sanctioned dealers mark used and pre-owned lights. Official dealers also deliver replacement bulbs, spare handles, and many other fittings and parts.


text:
Having survived for over 200 million years, some turtle species are now threatened with extinction because they get caught in fishing nets. Martin Lenhardt at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science has worked with turtles accidentally netted in Chesapeake Bay, and found a way to save them (WO 01/17119). Turtles have an air-filled middle ear that resonates at a frequency that changes with age and the depth of water. Lenhardt discovered that if boats emit a 100-kilohertz ultrasound signal, the shells of nearby turtles convert it to a lower frequency, between 200 hertz and 15 kilohertz. This makes the beasts' middle ears resonate, scaring them into swimming away or diving to safety.
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.


text:
I have a shared OneNote notebook. When someone visits the share link, they go to the first page of the first section. Is it possible to create a link to a different page in the notebook, so this is the first page that is displayed?
To generate a link to a page in OneNote Online:
- In the Navigation Pane, right-click the page tab in the Navigation Pane to which you want to generate a link.
- Select Copy Link to this Page.
- In the Copy Link dialog that appears, press CTRL-C or right-click the link and select Copy to place the link to the clipboard.


text:
Prompt Standoff Detection of Nuclear Proliferation by Excited State Absorption of Radiation Ionized Air Molecules
Project Award Date: 08-01-2011
ITTC researchers are developing an innovative laser radar system that demonstrates the feasibility of standard-off detection of radiation. In this system, ionized air molecules due to nuclear radiation, such as alpha ray and beta ray, introduce stimulated absorption of the laser probe beam. The technique has the potential to allow longer standoff distance.
Primary Sponsor(s): Pennsylvania State University


# PHP example
In this example, we add authentication and access control to a PHP application.
To demonstrate both authentication and access control, our application will have several routes:
Route Description File
/ Home page (index.php) (opens new window)
/protected.php User dashboard, for logged in users only (opens new window)
/admin.php Admin dashboard, for admins only (opens new window)
/login.php Login page (opens new window)
/reset.php Password reset page (opens new window)
We cover each route below, along with an interactive sample at the end.
# Sample on PHP sandbox
Sandbox with code (opens new window)
Live demo (opens new window) (you may need to visit the sandbox first to "wake up" the demo server)
# PHP authentication
At a high level, PHP authentication is structured in 2 parts:
 1. Send an initial request to Userfront to get the JWT access token and save it as a cookie. This is what the signup and login forms do.
 2. Send the JWT access token as a cookie to your server with each subsequent request. To verify the JWT access token, we will use the PHP-JWT library (opens new window)
PHP authentication diagram
# Logged in vs. logged out
When someone new visits the Home page, they should see a signup form.
When a user is logged in and visits the Home page, they should see navigation to visit the dashboard, as well as a button to logout.
# Redirects
In the event that the user does not have access to a page, we want to redirect them:
If the user visits Redirect to
/protected.php when not logged in /login.php
/admin.php when not an admin /protected.php
TIP
With Userfront, a logged in user will have a JWT access token saved in their cookies as .
In this example, we use access.pn4qwpby
# Public route
For showing and hiding simple things that are not sensitive, we can check whether the user has a JWT access token.

<?php
// Read the JWT access token from the cookies
$tenantId = 'pn4qwpby';
if (isset($_COOKIE['access_' . $tenantId])) {
 $jwt = $_COOKIE['access_' . $tenantId];
}
$hasAccessToken = isset($jwt);
?>
If the user does have a token present, we can display items as though they are logged in, and if not, we can display items as though they are logged out.
Note
Checking for the presence of the JWT access token should only be used for showing or hiding non-sensitive items. For sensitive data, verify the JWT access token as described below.
For this site, we show a link to the dashboard if logged in, and we show the signup form if logged out.

<?php
if ($hasAccessToken) {
 echo '
';
 echo '
Dashboard
';
 echo '
Password reset
';
 echo '
';
 echo '
<button>Logout</button>';
} else {
 echo 'Login';
 echo '';
 echo '

';
}
?>
For any sensitive information, we want to protect our routes as described next.
# Preview
Logged in home page:
Logged out home page:
# Protected route
To protect a route in PHP, we need to verify that the JWT access token is valid and has not expired.
To verify our JWT access token, we can use the account's JWT public key.
We will use the open source PHP-JWT (opens new window) library to verify our JWT access tokens. We can install this library with composer:
composer require firebase/php-jwt
TIP
You can find your JWT public key in the Settings section of your dashboard.
Be sure to use your test mode key when in test mode, and your live mode key when in live mode.
If the JWT access token is not present or is invalid, we redirect to /login.php. Otherwise, we display the dashboard page.

<?php
// Use the PHP-JWT library _URL_
// Installed first with "composer require firebase/php-jwt"
require __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';
use \Firebase\JWT\JWT;
// Read the JWT access token from the cookies
$tenantId = 'pn4qwpby';
$jwt = $_COOKIE['access_' . $tenantId];
// If the JWT access token is not set, redirect to login page
if (!isset($jwt)) {
 header("Location: /login.php");
 die();
}
$publicKey = "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----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-----END PUBLIC KEY-----";
// Verify the JWT access token using the public key.
// If it is not valid, remove all cookies and redirect to /login.php
try {
 $decoded = JWT::decode($jwt, $publicKey, array('RS256'));
 $roles = $decoded->authorization->$tenantId->roles;
 $isAdmin = in_array('admin', $roles);
} catch (Exception $e) {
 setcookie("access_" . $tenantId, "", time() - 3600);
 setcookie("id_" . $tenantId, "", time() - 3600);
 header("Location: /login.php");
 die();
}
?>

 <meta charset="utf-8">
 <title>Dashboard</title>


text:
Sport Education: International Perspectives presents a series of studies of the innovative pedagogical model that has taken the physical education world by storm. Since the emergence of the Sport Education model in the mid-1990s it has been adopted and adapted in physical education programs around the world and a new research literature has followed in its wake. This book offers a review of international Sport Education schemes and projects, and documents what it takes to run a successful Sport Education program.
Exploring Sport Education across all levels of education, from the elementary school to the university, the book provides answers to key question such as:
With contributions from leading international scholars and practitioners from the US, Europe and Asia, this book offers a more thoughtful and critical set of perspectives on Sport Education than any other. It is essential reading for any student, pre-service teacher, classroom teacher or university instructor working in SE, PE, youth sport, sports coaching or related disciplines
About The Author:
Peter Hastie is a professor in the Department of Kinesiology at Auburn University, USA. His research interests focus on examining various aspects of Sport Education in the attempt to find ways in which the model can be most effective in school and sports settings.
Table Of Contents:
1 The nature and purpose of Sport Education as an educational experience - Peter Hastie Part 1 Contexts of adoption of Sport Education 2 Sustainable Sport Education in primary education: An English case study - Toni O'donovan, Ann Mcphail and David Kirk 3 Sport Education in Korean schools - Jinhee Kim 4 The emergence of Sport Education in Scottish primary schools - Mike Jess, Nicola Carse, Paul Mcmillan and Matt Atencio 5 Applying the Sport Education model in university basic instruction courses - Wesley Meeteer, Lynn Housner, Sean Bulger, Andrew Hawkins and Robert Wiegand Part 2 Students and teachers responses to Sport Education 6 Sport Education in the elementary school: A report from Cyprus - Niki Tsangaridou 7 Sport Education through the eyes of a teacher researcher and his students - Ashley Casey 8 A Spanish teacher's experience with Sport Education: A narrative account - Diego Martínez De Ojeda, Antonio Calderón Luquin and Peter Hastie 9 Pursuing social and emotional learning outcomes through Sport Education: An Australian case study - Swee Chong Ang, Dawn Penney and Karen Swabey 10 Explaining the attraction: Understanding the motivational responses of students to Sport Education - Tristan Wallhead Part 3 Professional development for Sport Education 11 Preparing preservice physical education teachers to teach Sport Education - Matthew Curtner-Smith 12 Learning Sport Education through reflective inquiry: Four case studies - Gary Kinchin 13 Professional learning of primary generalist teachers in Ireland: Modelling Sport Education - Ann Macphail and Deborah Tannehill 14 Within school, in-depth professional development for Sport Education: A Russian model - Oleg Sinelnikov
|Book:||Sport Education: International Perspectives|
|Publisher:||Taylor & Francis, Inc.|
|Number of Pages:||248|
Please Note -
* We sell only NEW book and do NOT sell old or used books.
* The book images and summary displayed may be of a different edition or binding of the same title.
* Book reviews are not added by BookAdda.
* Price can change due to reprinting, price change by publisher / distributor.
BookAdda (_URL_) is a premier online book store in selling books online across India at the most competitive prices. BookAdda sells fiction, business, non fiction, literature, AIEEE, medical, engineering, computer book, etc. The books are delivered across India FREE of cost.


text:
Simulation-Based Engineering Science Report Now AvailableMarch 3, 2006
The National Science Foundation commissioned a blue-ribbon panel of experts, chaired by J. Tinsley Oden, to produce a report on Simulation-Based Engineering Science. The final released report is now available at _URL_
Other members of the panel included Ted Belytschko, Jacob Fish, Thomas J.R. Hughes, Chris Johnson, David Keyes, Alan Laub, Linda Petzold, David Srolovitz, and Sidney Yip.
The report contains findings and recommendations to advance the discipline of Simulation-Based Engineering Science. The report discusses applications of computational simulation in several different areas, such as medicine, homeland security, the environment, materials, and industrial and defense applications.
Research opportunities are described in areas like multiscale modeling and simulation, verification and validation, uncertainty quantification, and data-driven simulations.
A major recommendation in the report calls for recognizing SBES as a distinct field of research, noting that "computer modeling and simulation are the key elements for achieving progress in engineering and science."
The panel made four major recommendations. The first was that NSF should change its organizational structure to support SBES activities. The second was a call for a major funding increase for SBES: a six-fold funding increase for SBES-related disciplines over the 2005 baseline. The third was a recommendation for a program in high-risk long-term research "to exploit the considerable promise of SBES."
The fourth and final recommendation was a broad call for sweeping changes in the educational system to recognize the multidisciplinary nature of modern engineering research and "to help students acquire the necessary modeling and simulation skills."


text:
Wearing diamonds on the inside – to monitor biochemistry
Diamonds are biocompatible and cheap enough to be considered for use as sensors inside the body. Some cancer treatments require regular monitoring of blood. David Hoxley is investigating the use of diamond as a sensor of blood chemistry. The area is known as microfluidics. The challenge is to sensitise diamond so it responds to biological reactions occurring at the surface of the diamond. This field of research sees the combined application of biology and physics.
Robyn Williams: A final piece of carbon, though not quite nano, is in the form of diamond. And to hear about it we leap to Melbourne.
David Hoxley: Hi, my name is David Hoxley and I'm a physicist from La Trobe University down in Victoria, and like to talk to you briefly today about my plans for making implantable diamond biosensors, microfluidic biosensors for testing the blood of cancer patients. First of all you might ask yourself, why diamonds? Surely no one can afford to have an implantable diamond sensor?
The great thing about diamonds is that they are incredibly biocompatible and they are a lot cheaper than they used to be. About five or ten years ago we started being able to make these beautiful pure optical semiconductor-grade diamonds that cost maybe a couple of hundred dollars for a sample that's a couple of millimetres by a couple of millimetres. They're better than gems if you want to make sensors out of them.
A sensor is something that takes a chemical or a biological reaction and turns it into an electrical signal. And my particular interest is in how do you test the blood of a cancer patient without having to stick a needle into them and pull the blood out? There are so many different ways that we can test for things by looking at a person's blood. Pathology tests are very, very sophisticated, and almost every single disease involves a blood test these days. But for cancer patients, especially blood cancer patients like multiple myeloma or leukaemia, they need to have a lot of blood tests because the way that the cancer is fought primarily is with chemotherapy. Cancer patients, particularly ones that have bone marrow transplants, find themselves walking a knife edge of having too much chemo and having an immune system crash and getting an infection and ending up in intensive care, or not having quite enough chemotherapy and the cancer not being quite completely killed and coming back. So for a lot of cancer patients on chemo, their lives involve a constant round of blood tests and trips to the hospital.
What I'd really like to achieve is a sensor that you could put inside a person's body that would effectively email you when it was time to stop giving this particular sort of chemo or time to give a different sort of chemo. How in practice can we achieve that? Well, one way we could do that is to use a microfluidics. Microfluidics a particular branch of engineering that involves taking very, very small channels in a substrate, in this case diamond, about the size of a human hair, probably a little bit bigger in the case of something that's going to have blood flowing through it, because blood has fairly large cells in it.
When the channel is very, very small, the surface area to volume ratio is very, very, very large, so your walls of your channel can be coated with a sensitive compound and they can access a very large amount of the fluid flowing through it. This is not a new idea, it's been very, very popular in biosensing engineering for a long time. For example, people have tried to develop ways to measure the tears coming from a person to try and find out what their kidneys are doing.
But what I'm interested in is implanting this. And the advantage of having such tiny channels is that if you can get your assays, the reactions that detect the presence of particular chemicals or biological products, if you can have those assays very, very small, then they can line the walls of this microfluidic system.
So why diamonds? Diamond is very, very biocompatible, it's unreactive biologically, unless you want it to be. Diamond is normally an electrical insulator, which is actually a good thing to have in the bulk of a sensor because that way you don't get any leakage currents or cross talks. But the surface can be made very conducting by applying atomic hydrogen to it. In fact, if you put other molecules on top of the hydrogen you get even greater conductivity. What I would like to do is find out ways that conductivity can change in response to the biological reactions that are happening at that surface.
I'm not the first person to have thought of this, but I'm very excited about the possibility of doing this in a combined package. My research when I finished my doctorate was to look at sensors made out of diamond to try and find out where a charged particle had moved. So, particle detection. But I had my own particular brush with cancer and I was diagnosed with multiple myeloma in my first postdoctoral fellowship. That threw everything into chaos.
I was very, very lucky and I had a bone marrow transplant that was relatively successful. Those of you who know something about multiple myeloma realise that it has a tendency to come back eventually, but after eight years I'm still in fairly good shape. But in all of the panic of the cancer and everything, I had a couple of ideas about trying to make some sort of implantable biosensor so that I could really know where my levels were at so I could get the treatment just right.
Then I went back to work and the idea faded just a little bit. Then my son was diagnosed with leukaemia. The thing about young people is that they don't always understand what's happening to them, and any medical procedure that is invasive is quite traumatic, and getting blood out of a three-year-old is tricky. Usually you have to prick their finger, and you can only deal with a very small amount of blood. So being able to implant a sensor into a kid, that would be great.
So that's my motivation, it is a very personal one for trying to make these implantable biosensors. However, the practicalities of making these devices is quite complex. I don't think that I'm going to be engineering a device like this any time in the near future. But my particular passion is to try and look at the ways that I can sensitise the diamond surface so that it is sensitive to these biological reactions.
I think that growing the diamonds or tunnelling into the block of diamond is not the hardest problem, I think that we can actually do that. Connecting the diamonds to the circuits so that it can be read out to the outside world is not the hardest problem either. I am particularly interested in that fundamental problem of how do we detect a biological reaction when it's happening at the diamond's surface. And this is the basic problem of all biosensing.
So I've decided that I need to reach out to biologists, and a physicist often find themself in an odd position when they want to talk to biologists because there's quite a gulf that separates the two. I guess what I'm partly doing is trying to reach out a little bit to the biological community and look for partners who can help me with the biological reaction part of what I'm trying to do. And the potential gains for doing this are enormous. We're just on the edge of an explosion in medical technology, and I think it's just in time, because medical technology is also getting more expensive. Any way that we can minimise the number of hospital stays and the amount of expense involved in treating patients, especially with cancer, is a really good thing. But in order to do so, we need to use technology, and I think that implantable sensors are a really, really big part of the future. I don't find anything sinister in them, I think that they will just be very, very positive indeed, particularly for people who are older and people who are younger, like my son. So, hopefully in a not too distant future we will be able to wear our diamonds on the inside.
Robyn Williams: Dr David Hoxley at La Trobe University in Melbourne. And you're listening to The Science Show on RN, from Geelong to Vancouver.
- David Hoxley
La Trobe University
- Robyn Williams
- Robyn Williams


Version: 2019.4
Plugin Inspector
Native plug-ins
How do you use documentation throughout your workflow? Share your experience with us by taking this survey.
Managed plug-ins
Managed plug-insA set of code created outside of Unity that creates functionality in Unity. There are two kinds of plug-ins you can use in Unity: Managed plug-ins (managed .NET assemblies created with tools like Visual Studio) and Native plug-ins (platform-specific native code libraries). More info
See in Glossary
are managed .NET assemblies that you create with tools like Visual Studio. They contain only .NET code which means that they can't access any features that .NET libraries do not support. However, the standard .NET tools that Unity uses to compile scriptsA piece of code that allows you to create your own Components, trigger game events, modify Component properties over time and respond to user input in any way you like. More info
See in Glossary
can access the managed code. Therefore, there isn't a lot of difference in usage between managed plug-inA managed .NET assembly that is created with tools like Visual Studio for use in Unity. More info
See in Glossary
code and Unity script code, except that plug-ins are compiled outside of Unity and so the source might not be available.
Usually, Unity keeps scripts in a Project as source files and compiles them whenever the source changes. However, you can use an external compiler to compile a script to a dynamically linked library (DLL). You can then add the .dll file to the Project and attach the classes it contains to GameObjectsThe fundamental object in Unity scenes, which can represent characters, props, scenery, cameras, waypoints, and more. A GameObject's functionality is defined by the Components attached to it. More info
See in Glossary
just like normal scripts. A compiled DLL is known as a managed plug-in in Unity.
It's generally much easier to work with scripts than DLLs in Unity. However, you might want to use compilers in your code that Unity doesn't support, or add third party Mono code in a .dll file, or you might want to supply Unity code without the source. Creating and adding a .dll file to your Unity Project is the easiest way to get around these limitations.
Creating a managed plug-in
To create a managed plug-in, you need to create a DLL, which you need a suitable compiler for. Not all compilers that produce .NET code are guaranteed to work with Unity, so you should test the compiler with some available code before doing significant work with it. If the DLL contains no code that depends on the Unity API then you can use the appropriate compiler options to compile it to a .dll file.
If you do want to use the Unity API then you need to make Unity's own DLLs available to the compiler. On macOS, the DLLs are contained in the application bundle. To see them, find the Unity.app file on your computer (Applications/Unity/Hub/Editor/[Version Number]/Unity.app) and then right click on Unity.app and select Show Package Contents.
On macOS the path to the Unity DLLs are:
/Applications/Unity/Unity.app/Contents/Managed/UnityEngine
On Windows the path to the Unity DLLs are:
C:\Program Files\Unity\Editor\Data\Managed\UnityEngine
The UnityEngine folder contains the .dll files for a number of modules that you can reference to get to the specific namespace you require. Additionally, some namepsaces require a reference to a compiled library from a Unity Project (for instance, UnityEngine.UI), which is located in the project folder's directory:
~\Library\ScriptAssemblies
The exact options for compiling the DLL will vary depending on the compiler you use. As an example, the command line for the Mono C# compiler, mcs, might look like this on macOS:
__mcs__The Mono C# compiler file format. [More info](PlatformDependentCompilation.html)See in [Glossary](Glossary.html#mcs) -r:/Applications/Unity/Unity.app/Contents/Managed/UnityEngine/UnityEngine.UIModule.dll -target:library ClassesForDLL.cs
In this example,, the -r option specifies a path to a library to include in the build; in this case the UnityEngine.UIModule library. The -target option specifies which type of build is required; the word "library" is signifies a DLL build. Finally, the name of the source file to compile is ClassesForDLL.cs. The compiler assumes that this file is in the current working folder, but you can use a full path to specify the file if necessary. The resulting .dll file appears in the same folder as the source file.
Using the managed plug-in
Once you've compiled the DLL, you can drag the .dll file into the Unity Project like any other Asset. The managed plug-in has a foldout triangle which you can use to reveal the separate classes inside the library. You can drag classes that derive from MonoBehaviour onto Game Objects like ordinary scripts. You can use non-MonoBehaviour classes directly from other scripts in the usual way.
A folded-out DLL with the classes visible
A folded-out DLL with the classes visible
Step by step guide for Visual Studio
This section explains how to build and integrate a simple DLL example with Visual Studio, and also how to prepare a debugging session for the DLL.
Setting Up the Project
Open Visual Studio and create a new project. Select File > New > Project and then choose Visual C# > Class Library.
Complete the following information for the new library:
 - Name is the namespace (for this example use DLLTest as the name).
 - Location is the parent folder of the project.
 - Solution name is the folder of the project.
Next, add references to the Unity DLLs. In Visual Studio, open the contextual menu for References in the Solution Explorer and select Add Reference. Then, select Browse > Select File.
At this stage, select the required .dll file, located in the UnityEngine folder.
Code
For this example, rename the class to MyUtilities in the Solution browser and replace its code with the following:
using System;
using UnityEngine;
namespace DLLTest {
 public class MyUtilities {

 public int c;
 public void AddValues(int a, int b) {
 c = a + b;
 }

 public static int GenerateRandom(int min, int max) {
 System.Random rand = new System.Random();
 return rand.Next(min, max);
 }
 }
}
With the code in place, build the project to generate the DLL file along with its debug symbols.
Using the DLL in Unity
Create a new Project in Unity and copy the built file <project folder>/bin/Debug/DLLTest.dll into the Assets folder. Then, create a C# script called Test in Assets, and replace its contents with the following code:
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
using DLLTest;
public class Test : MonoBehaviour {
 void Start () {
 MyUtilities utils = new MyUtilities();
 utils.AddValues(2, 3);
 print("2 + 3 = " + utils.c);
 }

 void Update () {
 print(MyUtilities.GenerateRandom(0, 100));
 }
}
Attach this script to a GameObject in the SceneA Scene contains the environments and menus of your game. Think of each unique Scene file as a unique level. In each Scene, you place your environments, obstacles, and decorations, essentially designing and building your game in pieces. More info
See in Glossary
and press Play, and Unity displays the output of the code from the DLL in the Console windowA Unity Editor window that shows errors, warnings and other messages generated by Unity, or your own scripts. More info
See in Glossary
.
Compiling 'unsafe' C# code
To enable support for compiling unsafe C# code go to Edit > Project SettingsA broad collection of settings which allow you to configure how Physics, Audio, Networking, Graphics, Input and many other areas of your project behave. More info
See in Glossary
> Player. Expand the Other Settings panel and enable the Allow Unsafe Code checkbox.
Plugin Inspector
Native plug-ins


text:
Three workshops were held. The first for Training of Trainers on New Media Literacy (Nagpur) to enable youth belonging to Church of North India to discern the characteristics, language, technology and ideology of New Media and critically analyse New Media texts. The second on 'Understanding Digital Divide in the Indian Context' (Bangalore) to define Digital Divide and understand it in the historical perspective. It looked into the concept of Digital Divide from the standpoint of the third world and critically examined the role of media conglomerates and Information imbalance between North and South. The third on 'Understanding India's Information Society' (Bangalore) focusing on the characteristics of Information Society in India and the changes taking place in the social practices, labour practices, political processes and in the realm of media and public policies. In a second phase, community radio action research was carried out to develop community radio as a medium catering to the people's needs and concerns at the local level and to assess its relevance and possible impact as a new media tool towards people's empowerment. Programmes produced during the training and production phase were assessed through a series of focus group discussions and an audience survey of content, contextual relevance, implications and suggestions.
|Final Report||Half Yearly Narrative Report|
|New media literacy manual|


text:
Access Tokens and the GDP: SaaS Consumer Market Tokenization.
Access tokens allow for computers and software services to distinguish users and their level of access. Their use and the term predates cryptocurrencies and blockchain, a quick google search shows their current use being largely unrelated to the "token economy".
For years, access tokens have been generated on-the-fly, for free in a bid to collect as many users as possible. Cloud-based software as a service (SaaS) relies on access tokens as well, and users typically pay a subscription fee to access the service, with the access token being a supporting technological nuance generated for free or with negligible computational resources.
Access tokens have independent value, and they can provide pricing exposure to the value of the underlying service. Currently, access tokens are an under monetized resource, like a dirt mound hiding rare earth metals. When polished off and refined, this resource will contribute to the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of nations or the world economy.
With distributed ledger technology — such as blockchains — we are able to demonstrate this, primarily due to their ability to tap into a permissionless free market, allowing all parties to trade without any knowledge from a central issuer. This is in direct contract to having a revocable virtual currency, with units maintained in a central company database.
I help steward a SaaS product called the Pareto Network, using network requires an access token called PARETO Rewards ($PARETO). Specifically, a single PARETO Reward contains the same attributes as non-fungible access tokens:
- It is a cryptographic hash
- It can be uniquely linked to a user
- It's absence or presence can be used to gate access to a SaaS product
- It adheres to a uniform schema
PARETO is an access token. By limiting the quantity of the access token, demand for the service to be accessed is reflected in the market value of the access token itself. Outside of this system, access tokens are generated randomly, for free, leading to market inefficiencies such as not knowing the value of the software service being offered.
PARETO adheres to the ERC20 standard, ratified in Q4 2017 for the Ethereum blockchain.
New markets and the GDP
Tokenized consumer products inherit transferability allowing for any consumer or prospective consumer to participate in vibrant wholesale markets.
You can see all transfers of PARETO Rewards on any Ethereum blockexplorer.
These markets enjoy relative degrees of efficiency which are more improved than local and online consumer marketplaces, and aiming to become more efficient than stock markets.
The market price of a freely fungible access token can be a proxy for the current market value of a network or service. This enables a transparent way of understanding the value of goods and services sold.
The GDP — by definition — is a metric that seeks to count economic activity domestically. This becomes increasingly hard to count as global economies become intertwined, and marches towards irrelevance when understanding actual economic activity.
Tokenization and tokenized assets are settled on global payment networks which are not under the control of any country's specific corporation or any government. Thus tokenization is also a further catalyst in the GDP's march to irrelevancy, while also making it easier to count when the specific criteria allows it to be included in the GDP.
This flexible model has the capability of unlocking massive markets and wealth. Ultimately moving the GDP and meeting the benchmarks of national and supranational economies worldwide, as long as the primary role of the GDP also maintains flexible enough to convey any meaningful metric.
I hope you enjoyed reading, I write about the interrelation between monetary policy, fintech issues, programming, blockchain and distributed ledger technology. Follow my latest projects and research on Twitter
Access Tokens and the GDP: SaaS Consumer market tokenization. was originally published in Hacker Noon on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.


text:
THIS SURVEY EXPLORES CANADIANS' AND AMERICANS' PERSPECTIVES ON MORTGAGE RATES AND INFLATION.
As inflation remains high, many Canadians and Americans are exploring ways to reduce their expenses. In our latest North American Tracker, we explored how inflation is impacting Canadians and Americans, and how an increase in mortgage rates would impact Canadians and Americans who currently have a mortgage.
This survey is conducted in collaboration with the Association for Canadian Studies (ACS) and published in the Canadian Press. This series of surveys is available on Leger's website. Would you like to be the first to receive these results? Subscribe to our newsletter now.
MORTGAGE RATES AND INFLATION
- If mortgage rates went up by 1%, 13% of Canadians and 10% of Americans who have a mortgage would either face a significant financial burden, have to consider selling their home or have to sell their home. These figures balloon if rates were to increase by 3%.
- The proportion of Canadians (85%) and Americans (88%) who indicate that inflation is a serious problem for their household has increased since our last survey published on March 17, 2022.
- The top actions Canadians and Americans have taken due to rising inflation over the past few months are:
- Buying less expensive items at the grocery store (65% of Canadians, 49% of Americans)
- Eating at restaurants or ordering take-out less often (53% of Canadians, 41% of Americans)
- Reducing food waste to make their money go further (46% of Canadians, 40% of Americans)
This web survey was conducted from May 6 to 8, 2022, with 1,534 Canadians and 1,003 Americans, 18 years of age or older, randomly recruited from LEO's online panel.
A margin of error cannot be associated with a non-probability sample in a panel survey. For comparison, a probability sample of 1,534 respondents would have a margin of error of ±2.5%, 19 times out of 20, while a probability sample of 1,003 respondents would have a margin of error of ±3.094%, 19 times out of 20.
THIS REPORT CONTAINS THE RESULTS FOR THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS AND MORE!
- If mortgage rates went up, what would be the impact on your household finances?
- How serious a problem is inflation/increasing interest rates for your household?
- How would you describe your own household's finances today?
- What is the impact of inflation on your household in the following areas? Has inflation had…


text:
THE LOST GOLD OF
THE LONGEST LIST OF THE LONGEST
STUFF AT THE LONGEST DOMAIN NAME AT LONG LAST
Where is the lost gold of Zumbro River?
In southeast Minnesota near Oronoco lies the Zumbro
River where gold was discovered, lost, discovered, and lost again.
The first to happen upon gold in Minnesota was
Holden Whipple in 1856. The legend states that Mr. Whipple was walking along the
bank of the Zumbro River when he say something shiny and when he picked it up
discovered it was gold.
No matter, how he found the gold, everyone rushed
to the area to find his or her fortune. The Oronoco Mining Company was
established in 1858 to mine the gold on the Zumbro River. The founding fathers
of the mining company included Steward B. Clark, John Stevens, Archibold
Ellithorpe, Ebener Collins, William H. Pierce and a few more.
The company created sluices and did discover a
large deposit of clay. Cold winter days began to approach and the operation had
to cease until spring. Spring came and along with it came flooding which swept
away all the appearances of a mining company.
However, the men still had the desire to find gold
and reorganized the company once again. In July 1859, they were ready to search
for the gold once again.
The dream of gold was short lived. On July 3, 1859,
an unpredicted flood occurred and washed the mining company down the Zumbro
River. After this, they gave up and went their separate ways leaving behind the
Others have tried throughout history to find this vein of gold without much
success; only small amounts have been found. One large nugget that was found was
placed in a museum, however, the nugget disappeared as each attempt had in the
Another spot along the Zumbro River held stories of
gold. A small village by the name of Sacramento in Dodge County between
Mantorville and Wasioja in 1855 held rumors of gold. However, the amount of gold
found was never recorded and when this village lost its bid for county seat in
1857, the village soon became abandoned.
If there is gold along the Zumbro River, no one has
had the stamina to withstand all the bad luck that seems to hover around the
river and all that seek his or her fortune.
Page Sponsored By:
Extract Video Frames


text:
nine are about reaching out to family and caring for others also show evidence for activity theory. This is done by re engaging people who may have grown apart in the way of family or by caring for others. Both of these acts involve a high level of activity to achieve the goals. Chapter eight discusses how the elderly can care for other elderly and what benefits this action has. The activity is shown to be very beneficial for the people because they have to check up on their neighbors and their family members. This activity is shown to be beneficial because the activity is needed and wanted in most cases. Chapter nine writes about spending time together with family and the benefits this has. Benefits such as engaging family members that may be new or have been separate for many years.
These chapters in Loe's book show support for the activity theory of aging because they show that people who are more socially engaged with friends and family have a better time with the aging process. These chapters, I think, are specifically important because they show specific ways people engage in activity with others.
Cite This Work
To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below:
Related ServicesView all
DMCA / Removal Request
If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on UKEssays.com then please:


text:
Looking for Cramster? Cramster is now Chegg Homework Help. Learn More
Physics hw help
A 5.2 μC charge is positioned at x=-0.70, y=0.0 A
second charge of -1.5μC is posotioned at
x=+0.30, y=0.0. What is the direction and magnitude of the force on
a 2.22 μC charge at the point x=4.0, y=1.0 (all distances in
Anonymous answered11 minutes later
You need a Homework Help subscription to view this answer!


text:
In January this year, the IEEE Signal Processing Magazine contained an article by Erik G. Larsson, Danyo Danev, Mikael Olofsson, and Simon Sörman on "Teaching the Principles of Massive MIMO: Exploring reciprocity-based multiuser MIMO beamforming using acoustic waves". It describes an exciting approach to teach the basics of Massive MIMO communication by implementing the system acoustically, using loudspeaker elements instead of antennas. The fifth-year engineering students at Linköping University have performed such implementations in 2014, 2015, and 2016, in the form of a conceive-design-implement-operate (CDIO) project.
The article details the teaching principles and experiences that the teachers and students had from the 2015 edition of the CDIO-project. This was also described in a previous blog post. In the following video, the students describe and demonstrate the end-result of the 2016 edition of the project. The acoustic testbed is now truly massive, since 64 loudspeakers were used.


text:
Monkeys can point to objects they do not report seeing
Are monkeys, like humans, able to ascertain where objects are located without much more than a sideways glance? Quite likely, says Lau Andersen of the Aarhus University in Denmark, lead author of a study conducted at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center of Emory University, published in Springer's journal Animal Cognition. The study finds that monkeys are able to localize stimuli they do not perceive.
Humans are able to locate, and even side-step, objects in their peripheral vision, sometimes before they perceive the object even being present. Andersen and colleagues therefore wanted to find out if visually guided action and visual perception also occurred independently in other primates.
The researchers trained five adult male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) to perform a short-latency, highly stereotyped localization task. Using a touchscreen computer, the animals learned to touch one of four locations where an object was briefly presented. The monkeys also learned to perform a detection task using identical stimuli, in which they had to report the presence or absence of an object by pressing one of two buttons. These techniques are similar to those used to test normal humans, and therefore make an especially direct comparison between humans and monkeys possible. A method called "visual masking" was used to systematically reduce how easily a visual target was processed.
Andersen and his colleagues found that the monkeys were still able to locate targets that they could not detect. The animals performed the tasks very accurately when the stimuli were unmasked, and their performance dropped when visual masking was employed. But monkeys could still locate targets at masking levels for which they reported that no target had been presented. While these results cannot establish the existence of phenomenal vision in monkeys, the discrepancy between visually guided action and detection parallels the dissociation of conscious and unconscious vision seen in humans.
"Knowing whether similar independent brain systems are present in humans and nonverbal species is critical to our understanding of comparative psychology and the evolution of brains," explains Andersen.


0 design date, and the fact that it was a part of "California Gaming Culture," might hint that Supergame itself also influenced Champions. One sees the underpinnings of Superhero 2044 is in the purchase of a character's starting attributes.
Both systems feature something that many modern gamers might consider odd. All of a character's attributes start at zero and can be increased -- this itself isn't odd to the modern gamer. What is odd is that both games have attribute levels where the character is suffering from a disability. In Superhero 2044, if a character has an Endurance of less than 20 that character is "fatigued" or worse. In Supergame, a character with an "Agony Score" of less than 15 "may either move or attack, but only one per turn." There are similar penalties for "Vigor" in Superhero 2044 and "Physical Score" in Supergame. The names of the attributes and the level of effect are different, but one can see the similarities. Most modern systems would start a character with a base number of points sufficient to not be fatigued or incapacitated, but both Superhero 2044 and Supergame allow for the possibility.
But it isn't the point based character design where Supergame bears the most similarity to its predecessor. Supergame includes rules for building specific powers -- though not as robust the later published Champions -- that are themselves an innovation over the state of gaming at that time and a step beyond what were offered in Superhero 2044.
The area where Supergame most reflects Superhero 2044 is in its ranged combat system. In Superhero 2044, ranged combat is decided by rolling a six sided die and adding/subtracting to the die total applicable modifiers. This sets the target number that must be rolled, or higher, on a second roll of a six sided die. For example a character with a 20 Dexterity (-1) shooting an opponent at point blank range (-3) with a shoulder weapon (-1) rolls a 6 on a six sided die. This gives a modified result of 1 (6-1-3-1=1) and means that the character hits if the player rolls a 1 or better on the second roll. This system, with some differences in modifier values, is the system used in Supergame.
Influence on Golden Heroes
While I was intrigued by the way that Superhero 2044 influenced the design of American super hero role playing games, I was amazed at how it had influenced a British one. In White Dwarf magazine issue 9, game designer Eamon Bloomfield reviewed Superhero 44 -- Superhero 2044's first edition -- and wrote the following:
"Each character fills out a weekly planning sheet indicating whether he is patrolling, resting, training, or researching. This...show[s] how many crimes of what type he's stopped this week and at what damage to himself; without actually having to play the event...Overall good fun and realistic and a welcome addition to any role playing fan's collection. Certainly as a postal game it has a great future."
The weekly planning sheet is one of the most intriguing aspects of the Superhero 2044 game and the most playable aspect "out of the box." The game includes weekly planning sheets that provide a number of "activity blocks" to which players assign particular tasks, like fighting crime or resting. Golden Heroes, Games Workshop's super hero role playing game, featured a campaign system that bears no small similarities to that of Superhero 2044. Games Workshop was, and still is, the publisher of White Dwarf magazine and so it is easy to believe that this game review sparked some discussion of "planning sheet" style campaign play.
Golden Heroes features a campaign system that heavily relies on something very similar to Superhero 2044's weekly planning sheet. They have a system that uses something called a "Daily Utility Phase" or DUPs. The game describes them as follows:
The scenarios played in each week occupy a certain number of DUPs for the characters involved. Any remaining DUPs can be devoted to other pursuits such as training, improving powers, developing scientific gadgets, etc.
Thus at the end of each scenario, you must inform the players how many spare DUPs their characters have. Preferably then, or at worst at the start of the next game session, the players must tell you how their characters have spent those DUPs.
The player's allocation of DUPs is compared to various campaign ratings, something vary similar to what Superhero 2044 calls "handicaps," in order to determine what events happen to the character and how much the character is able to improve over time. Both systems are dynamic and change as characters interact with the game world. The Golden Heroes system is more developed and is a part of a more complete system of mechanics, but it is unarguably a descendant of the Superhero 2044 system.
Closing Remarks
I wish I had read Superhero 2044 much sooner than I did. It is a definite diamond in the rough. While it would be difficult to play RAW, it has a large number of innovative mechanics and ideas. The fact that it contains enough ideas to influence no fewer than THREE super hero role playing games in their design is a significant achievement in and of itself. One cannot truly understand the development of the hobby without reading this game.
I think I will try to play the game itself soon, though I don't know if I will try to design a comprehensive powers system or use an existing one to supplement the game, as the campaign play system still stands out as something that has some depth and would be useful in a number of games. Given the abstract nature of the campaign planning system, one could easily adapt it to another game for use.
The game also features a detailed setting for super hero play. The setting lacks the microscopic detail of modern settings, but for the time the game was written it is quite intricate. Like the game itself, its setting is one that inspires addition and extension rather than provides a complete painting.
Donald Saxman has created something pretty special here and I'd love to see someone take this system and make a modern edition out of it. It would take some work, but it would be worth it.
It would be a dream come true for me if both Wayne Shaw and Donald Saxman would agree to work with me to run a Kickstarter of Superhero 2044 Second Edition that incorporates some of Shaw's changes while keeping the basic system as is. Such an endeavor would be a truly OSR adventure and one that I think would be worth exploring. What would a more developed version of the game look like? I hope we get to find out.
No comments:


Redan_continues_northwest_1.jpgOne of the top priorities for today's activity at the South Adger's Wharf dig was chasing the northwestward continuation of the brick redan to the point where it connects with the brick curtain wall along East Bay Street. Under the watchful eye of archaeologists Eric Poplin and Ron Anthony, the backhoe scooped out more fill until the top of the redan was seen, and then the shovel work began. After an hour or so of hand digging, the archaeologists uncovered the continuation of the five-foot wide brick redan. As expected, it lies in a northwest diagonal line, and is located on the northwest side of a four-foot wide brick drain (probably dating from the 1850s) that slices directly through the remnants of the redan. redan_continues_northwest_2.jpgLater in the afternoon, after further fill material was removed, the crew discovered that the continuation of the redan on the northwest side of the brick drain is not quite the same as the portion uncovered earlier. The five-feet-wide wall makes a sudden transition to a four-feet width, and the slight outward slope of the wall disappears. A brief downward probe revealed the presence of a slightly wider footing, and then the resumption of the outward slope. Hmm, very curious! Further digging and three-dimensional sketching will be required to sort out these puzzling characteristics.
Two additional factors complicate the picture in the west end of Trench 2. First, there is a large amount of brick rubble just east (i.e., outside) of the redan. Poplin and Anthony don't seem phased by this rubble—they're confident that it represents the demolition of the redan in 1785. Second, there is a significant amount of debris representing the extension of the "Lower Market" over the redan fragments in 1786. Archaeologist Martha Zierden is very excited about exploring this material, and soon will be working carefully through the surviving brick floor of the old market and sifting its contents.
mayor_riley_2.jpg mayor_riley_1.jpgAbout mid-morning Charleston's mayor, Joseph P. Riley Jr., paid an executive visit to the site. Katherine Saunders, co-chair of the Walled City Task Force, provided a brief tour, and archaeologist Martha Zierden explained some of the interesting features uncovered so far. Mayor Riley's keen interest in Charleston history led to the bulk of the funding for this excavation and we owe him a great debt of gratitude. We certainly hope that the enthusiastic public support for this work and the substantial amount of scientific data recovered at South Adger's Wharf will be sufficient dividend for the city's investment.
screening_dirt_at_saw.jpg Thanks again to our volunteers, young and old(er)! Without their help we would miss finding so many important bits and pieces of the past that come up in the buckets of dirt.


text:
How many heavens are there? What does the apostle Paul mean when he writes about "the third heaven"?
The Bible speaks of three different heavens. Genesis 1:1 says that God created "the heavens"—plural. The first heaven is the atmosphere around the earth. In describing the rain that brought on the Flood of Noah's time, Genesis 7:11 says "the windows of heaven were opened." Commenting on the extent of the water, verse 19 says "all the high hills under the whole heaven were covered."
The second heaven is commonly referred to as "outer space." Exodus 32:13 is one of many references to "the stars of heaven." Stars are not in the skies from which the rain falls, but in the space beyond our atmosphere. Nehemiah 9:6 also refers to space as heaven: "You alone are the Lord; you have made heaven, the heaven of heavens, with all their host [the planets and stars]."
A "third heaven" is mentioned in 2 Corinthians 12:1-4. Paul also called it "Paradise" in verse 4. That word is from the Greek word for park or garden—not just any park or garden, but a magnificent one. It's the same word used in the standard Greek translation of the Old Testament, the Septuagint, to mean the Garden of Eden.
Revelation 4:2 reveals that God's throne is in heaven, but which one? Obviously, God's throne is not in the sky where the clouds are and the birds fly—the first heaven. Nor is it in the visible confines of outer space—the second heaven. Putting this reference together with what Paul wrote in 2 Corinthians, we discern that the third heaven, then, must refer to the location of the throne of God.
For more understanding, please read our free booklet, "Heaven and Hell: What Does the Bible Really Teach?"


A Gene-Family Analysis of 61 Genetic Variants in the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Genes for Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes in American Indians
 1. Jinying Zhao1
 1. 1University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
 2. 2Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
 3. 3Center for American Indian Health Research, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
 4. 4MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, Maryland; the Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
 5. 5Missouri Breaks Industries Research Inc, Timber Lake, South Dakota
 6. 6New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
 7. 7Black Hills Center for American Indian Health, Rapid City, South Dakota
 1. Corresponding author: Jinying Zhao, jinying-zhao{at}ouhsc.edu.
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Genetic variants in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) genes have been associated with smoking phenotypes and are likely to influence diabetes. Although each single variant may have only a minor effect, the joint contribution of multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to the occurrence of disease may be larger. In this study, we conducted a gene-family analysis to investigate the joint impact of 61 tag SNPs in 7 nAChRs genes on insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in 3,665 American Indians recruited by the Strong Heart Family Study. Results show that although multiple SNPs showed marginal individual association with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, only a few can pass adjustment for multiple testing. However, a gene-family analysis considering the joint impact of all 61 SNPs reveals significant association of the nAChR gene family with both insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (both P < 0.0001), suggesting that genetic variants in the nAChR genes jointly contribute to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes among American Indians. The effects of these genetic variants on insulin resistance and diabetes are independent of cigarette smoking per se.
 - Received October 6, 2011.
 - Accepted February 29, 2012.
| Table of Contents
This Article
 1. Diabetes vol. 61 no. 7 _PHONE_
 1. Supplementary Data
 2. All Versions of this Article:
 1. db11-1393v1
 2. 61/7/1888 most recent


text:
A lecture by Laine Nooney (M.A. '06) on women and video gaming: "Girls Had Game: Locating the History of Women's Play We Forgot to Remember."
Nooney is completing her Ph.D. in Cultural Analysis and Theory at Stony Brook University, focusing on the media archaeology and cultural history of 19th and 20th century U.S. media and technology, specifically computers, video games, and domestic machines and spaces. Visit _URL_ for more information.
Sponsored by the Department of English.


text:
Feb. 2, 1998
A $5 million Earth-orbiting satellite designed and built by a team of University of Colorado at Boulder students, faculty and engineers is currently slated for launch from California's Vandenburg Air Force Base on Feb. 4.
Called the Student Nitric Oxide Explorer, or SNOE, the satellite will carry instruments to measure nitric oxide in the upper atmosphere that affects Earth's ozone layer, the intensity of x-rays from the sun and ultraviolet light from Earth's aurora. Developed at CU-Boulder's Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, the mission will be controlled from LASP's CU Research Park facility 24 hours a day by students and faculty, said Stan Solomon, deputy co-investigator on the project.
"We're ready for launch," said Solomon. "I know that SNOE alumni throughout the country who contributed to the project are excited that we're finally going to orbit after more than three years."
The design and construction phase involved about 110 CU-Boulder students, primarily undergraduates, said Solomon, who is coordinating the SNOE effort with principal investigator and LASP Professor Charles Barth. The initial SNOE design work also involved students from a computer drafting class at Arapahoe High School in Littleton.
SNOE was one of three spacecraft selected for flight by the Universities Space Research Association in 1994 as part of NASA's Student Explorer Demonstration Initiative. The CU spacecraft will be the first to launch, followed by a Boston University satellite later this year.
"The original goals of the initiative were to demonstrate the feasibility of designing and building small, relatively low-cost spacecraft that could accomplish beneficial science and include significant student participation," said Solomon. "We happen to be very strong in all three areas."
From 1981 to 1989, CU students and faculty controlled the Solar Mesosphere Explorer satellite from campus, the first NASA satellite ever entirely operated and controlled by a university. SNOE will be the second.
Senior Erica Rodgers, a Pueblo native who began working on SNOE as a freshman, designed the mechanical and optical components of the solar x-ray photometer. "As the first freshman on the project, I really lucked out," she said. "It will be overwhelming knowing something I built is in orbit."
Graduate student Jason Westphal, who wrote SNOE flight software as a junior, said he would not have continued on to graduate school were it not for the project. "This was a rare opportunity," said Westphal, who is now the attitude determination and control engineer for SNOE. "I was in the right place at the right time, and I think the hands-on experience has positioned many SNOE students, including me, for good jobs in the aerospace industry."
The three-foot diameter, 220-pound spacecraft will be launched on a Pegasus expendable-launch vehicle built by Orbital Sciences Corp. of Dulles, Va. The Pegasus will be carried to an altitude of 40,000 feet by a jet aircraft and dropped into a five-second free fall. It will then ignite horizontally and begin ascending, placing SNOE in a circular orbit about 340 miles above Earth within 10 minutes.
"One of our motivations when we started was to try to rekindle enthusiasm for space exploration," Solomon said. "What we found was that swarms of students wanted to be involved in this project because it provided hands-on experience in the design and fabrication of a real spacecraft."
The students tapped into the expertise of engineers from LASP, Ball Aerospace Corp. -- which built the Solar Mesosphere Explorer satellite -- and the National Center for Atmospheric Research, working side by side with them in all phases of the project.
The mission operations phase will begin with spacecraft contact from campus about an hour after the 11:59 p.m. MST launch on Feb. 4. The operations, expected to continue for at least one year, will be supported in part by a special excellence award from the Colorado Commission on Higher Education.
"People viewing this as an educational project can see the value of the hands-on experience gained by our students," he said. "But significant funding has gone into SNOE, and we believe this mission also is an important part of NASA's overall science program."
Additional information on the SNOE project can be found on the World Wide Web at: _URL_
Other social bookmarking and sharing tools:
The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University Of Colorado At Boulder.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.


text:
A climbing peak may refer to a mountain or hill peak or a rock formation that has to be ascended by climbing. The term is common in Germany where it is specifically used of free-standing rock formations in the climbing regions of Saxon Switzerland, Zittau Mountains and other nearby ranges in the German Central Uplands that can only be summitted via climbing routes of at least grade I on the UIAA scale or by jumping from nearby rocks or massifs. As a general rule, they must have a topographic prominence of at least 10 metres to qualify. In Saxon Switzerland the Saxon Climbing Regulations do not require any minimum height, but define climbing peaks as
Another requirement is its recognition by the responsible sub-committee of the Saxon Climbers' Federation (SBB) and the responsible conservation authorities. For hikers these authorized summits may often be recognised by the presence of a summit register and abseiling anchor points.
In other climbing areas, such as those in Bohemian Switzerland, there are other exceptions. There, climbing peaks only need to have a significant rock face – the lowest side of which has to be less than 10 m high, but at least 6 m high.