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The Mummy (1932 film)
||This article's lead section may not adequately summarize key points of its contents. (October 2013)|
Theatrical release poster
|Directed by||Karl Freund|
|Produced by||Carl Laemmle Jr.|
|Written by||John L. Balderston|
Edward van Sloan
|Distributed by||Universal Studios|
The Mummy is a 1932 horror film from Universal Studios directed by Karl Freund and stars Boris Karloff as a revived ancient Egyptian priest. The movie also features Zita Johann, David Manners and Edward Van Sloan.
An ancient Egyptian priest called Imhotep (Boris Karloff) is revived when an archaeological expedition in 1921, led by Sir Joseph Whemple (Arthur Byron), finds Imhotep's mummy. Imhotep had been mummified alive for attempting to resurrect his forbidden lover, the princess Ankh-es-en-amon. Despite the warning of his friend Dr. Muller (Edward Van Sloan), Sir Joseph's assistant Ralph Norton (Bramwell Fletcher) reads aloud an ancient life-giving scroll – the Scroll of Thoth. Imhotep escapes from the archaeologists, taking the Scroll of Thoth, and prowls Cairo seeking the modern reincarnation of Ankh-es-en-amon.
10 years later, Imhotep is masquerading as a modern Egyptian named Ardath Bey. He calls upon Sir Joseph's son Frank (David Manners) and Prof. Pearson (Leonard Mudie). He shows them where to dig to find Ankh-es-en-amon's tomb. The archaeologists find the tomb, give the mummy and the treasures to the Cairo Museum, and thank Ardath Bey for the information.
Imhotep encounters Helen Grosvenor (Zita Johann), a woman bearing a striking resemblance to the Princess. Believing her to be Ankh-es-en-amon's reincarnation, he attempts to kill her, with the intention of mummifying her, resurrecting her, and making her his bride. She is saved when she remembers her past life and prays to the goddess Isis to save her. The statue of Isis raises its arm and emits a beam of light that destroys the Scroll of Thoth, thereby reducing Imhotep to dust. Frank calls Helen back to the world of the living whilst the Scroll of Thoth burns.
Cast (in credits order)
- Boris Karloff as Ardath Bey/Imhotep (billed as KARLOFF)
- Zita Johann as Helen Grosvenor/Princess Ankh-es-en-Amon
- David Manners as Frank Whemple
- Arthur Byron as Sir Joseph Whemple
- Edward Van Sloan as Dr. Muller
- Bramwell Fletcher as Ralph Norton
- Noble Johnson as The Nubian
- Kathryn Byron as Frau Muller
- Leonard Mudie as Professor Pearson
- James Crane as The Pharaoh
Inspired by the opening of Tutankhamun's tomb in 1922 and the Curse of the Pharaohs, producer Carl Laemmle Jr. commissioned story editor Richard Shayer to find a literary novel to form a basis for an Egyptian-themed horror film, just as Dracula and Frankenstein informed their previous hits. Shayer found none although the plot bears a strong resemblance to a short story by Arthur Conan Doyle entitled 'The Ring of Thoth'. Shayer and writer Nina Wilcox Putnam learned about Alessandro Cagliostro and wrote a nine-page treatment entitled Cagliostro. The story, set in San Francisco, was about a 3000-year old magician who survives by injecting nitrates. Laemmle was pleased, and he hired John L. Balderston to write the script. Balderston contributed to Dracula and Frankenstein, and had covered the opening of Tutankhamen's tomb for New York World when he was a journalist. He moved the story to Egypt and renamed the film and its title character Imhotep, after the historical architect.
Karl Freund, the cinematographer on Dracula, was hired to direct two days before filming began. The film was retitled The Mummy. He cast Zita Johann, who believed in reincarnation. Filming was scheduled for three weeks. Karloff's first day was spent shooting the Mummy's awakening from his sarcophagus. Make-up artist Jack Pierce had studied photos of Seti I's mummy to design Imhotep; however, Karloff looked nothing like the mummy of Seti I in the film, instead bearing a resemblance to the mummy of Ramesses III. Pierce began transforming Karloff at 11 a.m., applying cotton, collodion and spirit gum to his face; clay to his hair; and wrapping him in linen bandages treated with acid and burnt in an oven, finishing the job at 7 p.m. Karloff finished his scenes at 2 a.m., and another two hours were spent removing the make-up. Karloff found the removal of gum from his face painful, and overall found the day "the most trying ordeal I [had] ever endured". Although the images of Karloff wrapped in bandages are the most iconic taken from the film, Karloff only appears on screen in this make-up for a few minutes; the rest of the film sees him wearing less elaborate make-up.
A lengthy and detailed flashback sequence was shot, but cut from the completed film. This sequence showed the various forms Anck-es-en-Amon was reincarnated in over the centuries. Stills exist of the flashbacks, but the footage has been lost. It was shot in Cantil, California, Universal City, and the Mojave Desert.
Reception and sequels and remakes
The film was a success at the box office, particularly in England. Unlike Frankenstein and Dracula, and other, later Universal horror films, this film had no sequels, but rather was semi-remade in the 1940s B-film The Mummy's Hand (1940), and its sequels, The Mummy's Tomb (1942), The Mummy's Ghost (1944), The Mummy's Curse (1944), which were later spoofed in 1955's Abbott and Costello Meet the Mummy. These focus on the mummy Kharis. The Mummy's Hand recycled footage from the original film for use in the telling of Kharis' origins; Karloff is clearly visible in several of these recycled scenes, but he is not credited.
In the late 1950s British Hammer Film Productions took up the Mummy theme, beginning with The Mummy (1959), which, rather than being a remake of the 1932 Karloff film, is based on Universal's The Mummy's Hand (1940) and The Mummy's Tomb (1942). Hammer's follow-ups — The Curse of the Mummy's Tomb (1964), The Mummy's Shroud (1966) and Blood from the Mummy's Tomb (1971) — are unrelated to the earlier film or to each other.
The 1999 Universal film The Mummy also suggests that it is a remake of the 1932 movie, and may be considered as such in that its titular character is Imhotep, resurrected from the dead by the Book of the Dead, and out to find the present-day embodiment of the soul of his beloved Anck-su-namun, and features an Egyptian named Ardeth Bay (in this case, a guard of the city and of Imhotep's tomb), but develops there from a different story line, in common with most postmodern remakes of classic horror and science-fiction films. It spawned a sequel in 2001, The Mummy Returns, and a prequel spin-off of that sequel, The Scorpion King, in 2002, which in turn spawned a 2008 prequel, The Scorpion King 2: Rise of a Warrior, and a 2012 sequel, The Scorpion King 3: Battle for Redemption. A second sequel, The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor, was released in 2008. Also a short-lived animated series simply titled The Mummy ran from 2001 to 2003.
Universal has announced another forthcoming remake of the film.
- Stephen Jacobs, Boris Karloff: More Than a Monster, Tomohawk Press 2011 p 127-130
- Vieira, Mark A. (2003). Hollywood Horror: From Gothic to Cosmic. New York: Harry N. Abrams. pp. 55–58. ISBN 0-8109-4535-5.
- Kroll, Justin, Snieder, Jeff, "U sets 'Mummy' reboot with Spaihts", Variety.com, Published 2012-04-04, Retrieved 2012-05-04.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Mummy (1932 film).|


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Primary objective: To determine the incidence of autonomic arousal vs. Dysautonomia following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) setting and to prospectively evaluate these groups against injury severity and outcome variables. Research design: Prospective observational group comparison (cohort) study of consecutive ICU admissions to a major trauma hospital over a 2-year period. Main outcomes and results: Eighty-nine of 113 subjects met inclusion and exclusion criteria, with consent gained for 79 subjects (61 male, 18 female: 89% of potential subjects). During the first 7 days post-injury, elevated autonomic parameters were almost universal in the sample (92%), predominantly hypertension and tachycardia. Nineteen of 79 subjects (24%) were autonomically aroused on day 7 (that is, had elevated heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure and temperature). Dysautonomia was diagnosed on day 14 post-injury in six of 79 subjects (8%) using previously published criteria. Autonomically aroused subjects had significantly more severe injuries, poorer outcomes and greater estimated costs than non-aroused subjects. Furthermore, Dysautonomic subjects within the autonomically aroused group had significantly worse outcome and, excluding early deaths, a greater period of hospitalization and higher estimated costs. Conclusions: The 8% incidence of Dysautonomia during ICU admission was in broad agreement with previous research. While day 7 autonomic arousal indicated a greater degree of injury, the diagnosis of Dysautonomia provided additional prognostic information. A coordinated multi-centre research effort into this condition appears appropriate.
- Autonomic overactivity
- Traumatic brain injury

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Bug Sunbathes to Keep Germs Away
A western boxelder bug
CREDIT: Simon Fraser University
Western boxelder bugs frequently stretch out in the sun, though not to get a tan. Canadian researchers found that these insects use sunbathing to keep germs at bay.
The winged bugs are often found grouped together in sunny patches in the interior of British Columbia. The researchers said sunlight seems to trigger the biosynthesis of monoterpenes, a strong-smelling chemical compound that encases fungal spores on the insect's body and protects from germ penetration.
"Prophylactic sunbathing defends these bugs against pathogens that they encounter in their shelters," researcher Gerhard Gries, a biology professor at Simon Fraser University, said in a statement. The pheonomen has yet to be observed or reported in other insects, Gries added.
"If they are converting the sun's solar energy to fuel chemical work, without the aid of microbial symbionts — organisms that live together with a host, often to their mutual benefit — we would consider this a highly remarkable feat in the animal world."
The findings were reported this month in the journal Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata.
MORE FROM LiveScience.com

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


"bosh" Definition
 1. nonsense, stupidity.—_Gipsy_ and _Persian_. Also pure _Turkish_, BOSH LAKERDI, empty talk. The term was used in this country as early as 1760, and may be found in the _Student_, vol. ii. p. 217. It has been suggested, with what reason the reader must judge for himself, that this colloquial expression is from the _German_ BOSH, or BOSSCH, answering to our word "swipes."
 2. a fiddle. This is a _Gipsy_ term, and so the exclamations "Bosh!" and "Fiddle-de-dee!" may have some remote connexion.
More About bosh
Position in the dictionary: 299 of 4022 slang words.
Next words in the dictionary: bosh-faker, bosky, bosman, boss-eyed, bostruchyzer, botany bay, bother, botheration!, bottle-holder, bottom
Previous words in the dictionary: bos-ken, bore, boozy, boozing-ken, booze, boon-companion, boom-passenger, boom, books, bookmaker's pocket
The Slang Dictionary's Entry for bosh
Read The Slang Dictionary's historical definition of the slang word "bosh" on this page. Also learn other useful information about "bosh", including the position in the dictionary and the next and previous terms to be discovered.


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Pascal is an influential imperative and procedural programming language, intended to encourage good programming practices using so called structured programming and data structuring.
: What is the reason for this problem? If I leave pascal doing anything
: in loop, After ~30 secs loop is runiing slower than before, but loop returns at normal speed when i move mouse or press a...
: Hi There
: I'm using Turbo Pascal for Windows 1.5, and using WinCrt in my program.
: 1. How can I use color text or color background? I try to use
: Textcolor(1); Textbackground(4);, but it...
: when using this code:
: procedure TForm1.ApplicationEvents1Message(var Msg: tagMSG;
: var Handled: Boolean);
: if (Msg.message = wm_KeyUp) or (Msg.message=wm_KeyDown) then
There are a lot of applications where speed is a critical factor -- such as real-time programs. MS Windows and Unix are not real-time operating systems, so speed is not all that...
Is there any way in Pascal (or asm) to shut down the computer (you know, as in Windows - you press shut down and its turning itself off power).
I'd be grateful.


SKU: BGSUK007 Category:
 - The Galactica (TOS) was built by the Twelve Colonies under Commander Adama and was thought to be the only flagship to survive the Thousand Yahren War with the Cylons.
 - It was constructed for spaceflight, with a form that was part warship and part aquatic creature and was designed to carry a 500-strong crew of military and support personnel, including pilots of the Colonial Vipers.
 - Despite the threat of the Cylons and depleting resources, Commander Adama gave the surviving crew and refugees hope to find the Thirteenth Colony that was settled on the planet Earth.
 - This incredible die-cast Galactica (TOS) measures approx 10.5 inches long and is brought to life in die-cast metal and high-quality ABS materials.
Additional information
Weight 1.47 lbs
Dimensions 10.63 × 1.38 × 4.13 in


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Definition of Fetal pleural effusion
Fetal pleural effusion: In the fetus, excess fluid between the two membranes (the pleurae) that envelop the lungs. The pleural effusion may be unilateral (in one lung) or bilateral (in both lungs) and it may be an isolated finding in an otherwise normal fetus or be associated with generalized edema (hydrops). If untreated, fetal pleural effusion often causes severe, sometimes fatal, respiratory insufficiency in the neonatal period. Treatment is by the prenatal insertion of a thoracoamniotic shunt (to shunt the pleural effusion into the amniotic fluid). Survival after this procedure is over 90% in fetuses with isolated pleural effusion and about 50% in those with associated hydrops.
Last Editorial Review: 6/14/2012
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Life Health > Health Insurance
8 characteristics of a good insurance executive
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Within the insurance industry, we take certain attributes for granted: diligence, detail orientation, a fundamental understanding of data.
However, it's rare to take a step back and examine the actual psychological characteristics of insurance executives — how they think, how they make decisions, how they approach interactions with others.
What is the psychological profile of an insurance executive — and how does this profile differ from the attributes of executives in other fields?
A recent study by Russell Reynolds Associates sought to answers these questions by analyzing the leadership and behavioral attributes of 87 insurance executives, and comparing those executives to the more than 5,000 executives across all industries in Russell Reynolds's database.
Three psychometric tests were used:
 - 16pf, which measures communication and teamwork styles.
 - OPQ-32, which examines personality related to management and leadership roles.
 - Hogan Development Survey, which identifies patterns of behavior that tend to appear when a person is stressed or under pressure.
The overall findings were striking. Insurance executives, defying stodgy industry stereotypes, score high on some quite vibrant personality traits.
The 'secret sauce'
Understanding this profile (as well as how these traits can be developed) can be of tremendous value to anyone in the insurance field.
The personality traits of insurance executives — the "secret sauce" of this group of executives — fall into three camps: possessing a concerned eye, being a steady pair of hands, and embodying dynamism.
Read on for our profile of what makes a good insurance executive.
1. They possess a concerned eye.
Insurance executives are more likely to worry before significant occasions than the average executive. This is a double-edged sword — this characteristic raises the right concerns, but can create mental drag due to the resulting anxiety.
2. They are a "steady pair of hands."
Insurance executives score higher than the overall executive population on a cluster of traits that relate to procedural and interpersonal steadiness.
3. They are more trusting and more likely to perceive others as reliable.
In our research, again and again, top executive groups score higher than the overall population for being trusting — the ability to trust others facilitates a whole host of productive, collaborative interactions.
To develop this trait, consciously reflect back on situations where you feel you withheld your trust from a business partner or group of business partners, and where that lack of trust was not ultimately validated.
What in your mind were the reasons for not trusting? How can you "rewrite the story" for future interactions toward putting your faith in others where appropriate?
4. They are emotionally even-keeled.
According to our psychometric results, insurance executives are more emotionally even than their peers in other industries — which can be a true asset in an industry facing constant disruption.
To develop this trait, seek regular feedback from colleagues about your emotional style. Are you perceived as being emotional or intense? Are these perceptions magnified when using communication channels like email?
5. They prioritize well.
With a million priorities constantly in play, it's perhaps not surprising that insurance executives are more oriented toward prioritization than their executive peers.
To develop this trait, constantly re-evaluate your priorities against your broader strategic goals. Make sure you're managing the "urgent vs. important" tradeoff correctly. And ask colleagues for feedback on your prioritization – sometimes an outside set of eyes can spot issues easily.
6. They embody dynamism.
This cluster of attributes is perhaps the most surprising — and meaningful — set of results. Insurance executives score higher for a group of dynamic traits than the average executive.
7. They are bolder and more achievement oriented.
Compared to the overall executive population, insurance executives are more likely to act with confidence and pursue ambitious goals.
To develop this trait, embrace your own convictions. Place greater trust in your inner voice — and don't hesitate to verbalize your position on an issue followed up by the proper supporting points. Vet your goals against a yardstick of scale — are they ambitious enough?
8. They seek a high level of activity.
And insurance executives can speed up their actions to match the speed of the business around them.
This is another group of traits we often see in very successful populations, broadly speaking — the ability to move fast and to embrace constant activity.
To develop this trait, constantly have your key priorities in mind, facilitating speedy but well-considered decisions. Look at areas where you feel you do not move quickly — or do not enjoy a high level of activity — and attempt to identify and correct for the unifying themes.
Your self-assessment
So what should insurance executives think about as they look at this psychological profile?
First, consider to what extent you conform to — or contrast with — the three areas of attributes described (concerned eye, steady pair of hands, dynamism). Are there aspects of your personal style that you would develop to be more closely aligned with these attributes? Why or why not?
Moreover, it's useful to think about what these attributes say about how the industry will move forward. Based on this psychological profile, how will insurance executives cope with changes like digital disruption, the rise of big data and diversity concerns?
On a personal level, consider how you can leverage your own psychological attributes to be a useful part of these changes. After all, deeper understanding of your own leadership style is interesting to reflect upon — but powerful when put into action.
Limore Zilberman is a member of Russell Reynolds Associates' Financial Services Sector and Digital Transformation Practice, with a concentration in insurance. She advises boards, CEOs and senior-level executives on hiring, benchmarking, development and succession. Zilberman is also a member of the firm's Diversity Practice.
More on this topic


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Global ﬁsheries receive billions of dollars in subsidies each year. Although some of this money, such as that to improve ﬁsheries management, can promote sustainable ﬁshing practices, other funding can lead to overﬁshing in the world's oceans. Capacity-enhancing subsidies, for example for fuel or boat construction, reduce costs for ﬁshers, enabling them to increase their capacity and catch more ﬁsh. The unintended consequence of this kind of assistance is that encouraging ﬁshers to bring in larger catches
contributes to unsustainable ﬁshing practices over the long-term.
Rashid Sumaila of the University of British Columbia and his co-authors improved upon previous estimates of global subsidies using updated data and methodology and calculated global amounts and types of ﬁsheries subsidies for 2003. They found global subsidies totaled roughly $27 billion, 60 percent of which went toward unsustainable capacity-enhancing subsidies. Instead of continuing to invest billions of dollars into activities that aggravate overﬁshing, the authors suggest directing those funds toward ﬁshery conservation and improved management. This Pew Ocean Science Series report is a summary of the scientists' ﬁndings.


BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:GVSU Events Calendar BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART:20130604T000000 DTEND:20130604T000000 LOCATION:Eberhard Center DESCRIPTION:The third annual Advancing the STEM Agenda Conference\, co-sponsored by the ASQ Education Division and Grand Valley State University's Seymour and Esther Padnos College of Engineering and Computing. The purpose is to work for advancement and improvement of STEM (science\, technology\, engineering and math) education. The conference will further the STEM agenda by addressing industry partnerships and the transition to STEM careers\; college-ready and transition to college STEM courses\; the STEM gap and representation and access to STEM education\; and higher education STEM-improved learning through teaching and communities. SUMMARY:Advancing The STEM Agenda Conference PRIORITY:3 END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR


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Excessive iodine can lead to goiters. However, the relationship between the water iodine concentration (WIC) and goiter rate (GR) is unclear. This study aims to explore the factors that influence children's GR in areas with high WIC and analyse the threshold value of the GR increase associated with the WIC. According to the monitoring of the areas with high WIC in China in 2018–2020, a total of 54 050 children in eight high water iodine provinces were chosen. Drinking water, urine and edible salt samples of children were collected. The thyroid volume (Tvol) was measured. A generalised additive model (GAM) was used to analyse the relationship between the WIC and GR in children. Among the 54 050 children in areas with high WIC, the overall GR was 3·34 %, the median of water iodine concentration was 127·0 µg/l, the median of urinary iodine concentration was 318 µg/l and the non-iodised salt coverage rate (NISCR) was 63·51 %. According to the GAM analysis results, water iodine and urinary iodine are factors that influence the Tvol and GR, while the NISCR affects only the GR. When the WIC was more than 420 µg/l or the urinary iodine concentration was more than 800 µg/l, the GR increased rapidly. When the NISCR reached more than 85 %, the GR was the lowest. Thus, in areas with high WIC, WIC more than 420 µg/l may increase the risk of goiter, and the NISCR should be increased to over 85 % to avoid goiters in children.
Global warming increases the risk of pests and weeds before wintering, and decreases the grain yield of winter wheat. Therefore, the sowing date should be delayed properly. But the variety of winter wheat that can adapt to late sowing remains unclear. Here, we selected two winter wheat cultivars and evaluated four sowing date treatments on 1 October (early sowing), 8 (normal sowing), 15 (late sowing) and 22 (latest sowing) over two wheat-growing seasons at the experimental Station of Shandong Agricultural University (35°96′N, 117°06′E), Daiyue District, Taian, Shandong, China. We examined the effects of sowing date on a few traits, and found that, compared with normal sowing, though spike number decreased, grain yield was maintained above 9300 kg/ha under late and latest sowing. The main reason was that the more accumulated N from jointing to anthesis resulted in a higher grain number per spike. The higher net photosynthetic rate after anthesis, through optimizing N distribution in the canopy and increasing Rubisco content of flag leaves, improved dry matter accumulation rate and contribution ratio of vegetative organs, ultimately, ensured consistent grain weight. The grain yield of high-tillering winter wheat cultivars decreased from 9370 to 8346 kg/ha. The main reason was that spike number, accumulated N from jointing to anthesis and net photosynthetic rate decreased significantly, which reduced the dry matter accumulation rate, and only satisfied less grains to achieve consistent grain weight. Therefore, low-tillering winter wheat cultivars are more adaptable to late sowing, and can reduce the harm of global warming.
This paper explores the relationships among positive and negative work reflection during leisure time, psychological capital, and radical and incremental creativity. We collected data from 500 dyads of employees and their direct supervisors, and employed the structural equation model to test our research hypotheses. The results reveal that positive work reflection during leisure time is positively related to radical and incremental creativity, while negative work reflection during leisure time is negatively related to the two types of creativity. Our findings also suggest that psychological capital mediates the effects of positive and negative work reflection during leisure time on radical and incremental creativity.
This study aimed to identify the important capacities that were most urgently needed during emergency response and factors associated with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) professionals' field coping-capacity for public health emergency.
Professional workers (N = 1854) from 40 CDC institutions were chosen using the stratified cluster random sampling method in all 13 municipalities of Heilongjiang Province, China. Descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used.
Of 10 key capacities, the 3 that were most urgently needed during emergency response fieldwork as identified by respondents were crisis communication capacity, personal protection capacity, and laboratory detection capacity. Overall, 38.1% of respondents self-rated as "poor" on their coping-capacity. The logistic regression found that proficiency in emergency preparedness planning, more practical experiences in emergency response, effectiveness in training and drills, a higher education level, and a higher professional position were significantly associated with the individual's field coping-capacity.
This study identified CDC professionals' most urgent capacity need and the obstructive factors and highlighted the importance of enhancing the capacity in crisis communication, personal protection, and laboratory detection. Intervention should be targeted at sufficient fund, formalized, and effective emergency training and drills, more operational technical guidance, and all-around supervision and evaluation.
We report a new pulsed chemical vapor deposition (PCVD) process to deposit nickel (Ni) and nickel carbide (Ni3Cx) thin films, using bis(1,4-di-tert-butyl-1,3-diazabutadienyl)nickel(II) precursor and either H2 gas or H2 plasma as the coreactant, at a temperature from 140 to 250 °C. All the PCVD films are fairly pure with low levels of N and O impurities. The films deposited with H2 gas at ≤200 °C are faced centered cubic-phase Ni metal films with low C content; but at ≥220 °C, another phase of rhombohedral Ni3C is formed and the C content increases. However, when H2 plasma is used, the films are always in rhombohedral Ni3C phase for the entire temperature range.
Several epidemiological studies have been performed to evaluate the association of fruit and vegetable consumption with risk of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), but the results remain controversial. Thus, we conducted a systematic meta-analysis to assess the associations of fruit or/and vegetable consumption with risk of MetS, separately.
We searched PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases up to July 2017 for relevant available articles. Pooled OR with 95 % CI were calculated with the fixedor random-effects model.
A total of nine studies for fruit consumption, nine studies for vegetable consumption and seven studies for fruit and vegetable consumption were identified as eligible for the present meta-analysis. The pooled OR (95 % CI) of MetS for the highest v. lowest category were 0·87 (0·82, 0·92; I2=46·7 %) for fruit consumption, 0·85 (0·80, 0·91; I2=0·0 %) for vegetable consumption and 0·76 (0·62, 0·93; I2=83·5 %) for fruit and vegetable consumption. In subgroup analyses stratified by continent where the study was conducted, the inverse association of fruit consumption (0·86 (0·77, 0·96)) and vegetable consumption (0·86 (0·80, 0·92)) with risk of MetS remained significant in Asia. There was no evidence of small-study effect.
Our meta-analysis indicates that fruit or/and vegetable consumption may be inversely associated with risk of MetS. It suggests that people should consume more fruits and vegetables to decrease the risk of MetS.
Early life is considered a critical period for determining long-term metabolic health. Postnatal over-nutrition may alter glucocorticoid (GC) metabolism and increase the risk of developing obesity and metabolic disorders in adulthood. Our aim was to assess the effects of the dose and timing of a fish oil diet on obesity and the expression of GC-activated enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD1) in postnatal overfed rats. Litter sizes were adjusted to three (small litter (SL)) or ten (normal litter) rats on postnatal day 3 to induce overfeeding or normal feeding. The SL rats were divided into three groups after weaning: high-dose fish oil (HFO), low-dose fish oil (LFO) and standard-diet groups. After 10 weeks, the HFO diet reduced body weight gain (16 %, P<0·05), improved glucose intolerance and decreased hyperlipa


Attorneys talking to JudgeThis is the second post in a series of articles discussing specific circumstances in which a parent may seek an emergency change in a child custody order in Las Vegas, Nevada. The previous post provided an overview of the situations that will be explored throughout this series. It also stressed the importance of retaining an experienced Las Vegas family law attorney to help you navigate this often contentious process. Your child's safety is of the utmost importance. A lawyer can help you understand how and when you may protect them from danger by seeking an emergency custody modification. This article will review when drug use by a parent may result in an emergency change in custody. If you need assistance, contact my office today to speak to an attorney.
When a Las Vegas judge will consider a parent's drug use an emergency for purposes of changing custody
As I have previously discussed, for a judge to consider an emergency custody change, the child must be in serious danger of imminent harm as a result of the other parent's behavior. In the context of drug use, the Court's approach to cases involving "hard drugs" will be very different than it is in matters involving the use or abuse of prescription substances or marijuana. The mere possession of harder substances, such as heroin, methamphetamines, cocaine, etc. is a criminal offense. Possession of or use of these drugs around the child will be viewed as a danger to the child's well-being and considered an emergency, justifying an expedited custody change.
If a parent is suspected of misusing prescription medication or smoking pot, on the other hand, a judge will not typically view this as an emergency unless evidence exists that the child is in immediate danger as a result. For example, if a parent is constantly high and has been driving the child while impaired, this may justify expedited action. It is possible that this behavior, even if not grounds for emergency action, may still lead to a custody change if determined to be adverse to the child's best interest. It is more likely, however, that the Court will schedule a hearing to understand whether a non-emergency change in custody is appropriate. The occasional use of marijuana in Las Vegas or valid use of legally prescribed medications taken as prescribed, on the other hand, is not grounds for changing custody, even on a non-emergency basis.
A Las Vegas attorney can assist with the emergency custody change process
The first step in requesting an emergency custody hearing is to file a Motion with the Court. It will also be necessary to file a request that the Court hear the Motion on an immediate basis. An initial hearing will be held quickly, after the other parent is given at least one days' notice. At the expedited hearing, the Court will order the parent suspected of drug use to submit to a drug test. Once the results of the test are available, which can happen quickly, the judge will decide whether the circumstances justify an emergency modification of custody. The judge may make a change on a temporary basis, with a more permanent decision being made after a future hearing. Where no emergency cause for a custody change exists, the judge may decline to make any temporary change and postpone the matter altogether for a future hearing. If the Court feels a trial is justified then discovery will begin shortly after the initial hearing. If custody is changed on an emergency basis as a result of hard drug use, then the Court may require that the other parent's visitation be supervised pending the outcome of drug tests and regularly scheduled status checks. The Court's decisions will be based on the specific facts and circumstances of each specific situation.
As a Las Vegas family lawyer, I am committed to helping my clients by providing the highest level of customer service and respect throughout this difficult process. If you need assistance, contact my office today to speak to an attorney.


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We utilize rotational grazing with the cattle. Some people call this mob grazing; others call it intensive pasture usage. Whichever nomenclature you assign to the practice, it all boils down to moving the cattle from small areas of pasture to the next small area in very short time frames in order to better, intensely fertilize the ground and get the most use out of the grasses. Greg has been very pleased with how quickly the bottle fed calves have grown and gained weight on grass alone - no grain at all. Now, the brood cows and their calves are part of the same rotational grazing.
We have found only one draw back to this system -- the cattle. Man can they be noisy when they are ready to be moved! If they are done with a pasture, or if they have decided they don't want to eat what is left in that pasture, they get loud and obnoxious. Whenever they see Greg, they start hollering. They can really make a lot of noise! Sometimes they sound more like elephants than cattle.
Today was no exception. While Greg was putting up the electric fence for the new, temporary pasture, the cows followed him up the fence, bellowing and snorting the entire time.
The next time someone asks, "What sound does a cow make?" you can show them this video. The answer isn't always "moo!"
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source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Skip to definition.
Noun: grass parakeet 'grãs'per-u,keet [N. Amer], 'grãs,pa-ru'keet [Brit]
 1. Small Australian parakeet usually light green with black and yellow markings in the wild but bred in many colours
 - budgerigar, budgie, lovebird, shell parakeet, Melopsittacus undulatus
Derived forms: grass parakeets
Type of: parakeet, paroquet, parrakeet [non-standard], parroket, parroquet
Part of: genus Melopsittacus, Melopsittacus


text:
January 29, 2013
Strategies for learning student name
UWF promotes itself as student-centered institution "where the buildings have numbers and the students have names." Continued growth and larger class sizes create challenges to faculty who want to maintain this commitment to student engagement. Learning a student's name makes that student feel valued. Small changes that improve the sense of community in a class can make a big difference for student engagement and learning
Barbara Millis collected strategies used by several colleagues to help them learn the names of their students and build a sense of rapport and community in their classes.
Seating charts: Divide and conquer
If your class is small enough, you can use a seating chart to help learn student names. Instructors can assign seats or make a chart based on seats that students select during the first week of class. Students are fairly territorial about their seats and sit in the same location all term when seats are not assigned. Divide your seating charts into blocks with no more than 6 students per block. Work on learning the names of the 6 students in one block during each class session. Make a point of visiting with the students in a new block during class. Once you learn the names of students in one block, include them in your visits with student in the next block to keep names you've learned fresh in memory. (Dee Fink)
Create an office hours visit assignment for your course
Require students to visit you during office hours during the first two or three weeks of the term, even if the visit is limited to only a few minutes. You might not learn all student names during these one-on-one visits, but an early break-the-ice visit ensures that students can locate your office and encourages them to arrange content-focused visits later in the term. This strategy is especially useful in classes with large first-year enrollments. Many first-year students are naïve about the expectations of academic life and are reluctant to intrude on faculty during their office hours. They may benefit from an extra push to engage in a one-on-one conversation with an instructor. (Gerry Wojnar)
Use student's names when you talk to them, even if you have to ask their name first
We frequently recognize the names of our students when we see or hear their names. We might recognize many of our students' faces, but have difficulty connecting names to faces. When a student visits your office or you see one of your students outside class, greet the student by name (if you know it), or ask "please remind me of your name" (if you don't know it). When you use the student's name, students love this confirmation that you know them. If you don't know the student's name, request it and use it during your conversation. You will show the student that you care enough to try to learn and use students' names. Students appreciate your effort. Both strategies build rapport with students. (Susan Robison)
Ask students to make and use name tents during class
In smaller classes, you can ask students to print their name in large letters on name tents and place the name tents on their desk. You and other students can then read their names and associate names with faces. Make a point of using names when you call on students during class. Gradually, you will learn names and rely less on reading the names from the tents. (Kejing Liu & Susan Robison).
Use student photos in the ClassMate roster to associate names with faces
Print a copy of the roster with student photos and bring this to class during the first week and during exams. In the early weeks, you might use the roster to call on students and compare their appearance in class with the roster photo. Bring the roster to an early exam and see if you can match students in the class with their names by comparing their photo to their appearance that day. This also deters wandering eyes during the exam. (Susan Robison)
This tip is based on a teaching strategy submitted to the Teaching Issues Writing Consortium by Barbara Millis, Teaching and Learning Center, University of Texas at San Antonio (_URL_
WKU Writer's Consortium
March 22, 2011
Improve classroom dynamics through inclusion: Use the Classmate photo roster to connect names with faces and call on students by name
Learning student names at the start of a new semester can be challenging. Many students decide to attend a regional comprehensive university like the University of West Florida rather than a large university because they expect that the smaller class sizes and lower student-faculty ratios at UWF will increase their ability to get to know and interact with faculty. They may be disappointed if they attend class regularly, participate occasionally, and find that their instructor still does not know their name. When faculty can recognize students and recall their names when calling on them during class or during out-of-class conversations, students feel a stronger sense of community and inclusion in the class. The classroom dynamic may also improve, fostering more frequent participation and student engagement.
The class rosters available through Classmate now include student photos. These photos can work as handy tools to aid instructors in learning and recalling student names. Learning the names of many students in a large enrollment class can be a daunting task. Make this task more manageable by creating small groups of students and learning the names of students in one group at a time. Usually one page from the Classmate roster prints approximately five or six student faces and names, which should be a manageable number for one day. Limit your study to one page of student photos on any given day.
Open one page of the roster at the lectern during class (or bring a printed copy of the page) and scan the audience as class discussion gets underway. Search for the faces of students in the group on your page and call on these students by name during class. At the end of the class, return to the photos in the roster and rehearse the faces and names of these students once more to reinforce your memory. Prior to the next class session, review these faces and names. Once you are familiar with the names and faces of students in this group, select a new page in the roster and focus on this new set of students during class. Gradually, you will be able to match the names and faces of a large number of your students.
Thanks to Michelle Hale Williams, Government & Political Science, University of West Florida, for this suggestion.
December 4, 2007
Students feel more engaged when faculty know students' names, but learning the names of many students can be difficult.
Bring a digital camera to class at the start of the term and photograph students in groups of 3 or 4, holding a sheet of paper with their name. You can review these photos from time to time to connect names and faces.
Some students may object to being photographed. To avoid potential conflicts, explain to students that participation in this activity is entirely voluntary, the materials will only be used by you to help you learn their names, and photos will be destroyed at the end of the semester.
To report errors and/or broken links on the CUTLA website, please contact us at _EMAIL_.
Center for University Teaching, Learning, and Assessment | Bldg. 53, Room 208 | 11000 University Pkwy. | Pensacola, FL 32514 | USA | _PHONE_ | Campus Map | Text Only | Site map


Dominant culture
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
A dominant culture is a cultural practice that is dominant within a particular political, social or economic entity, in which multiple cultures are present. It may refer to a language, religion/ritual, social value and/or social custom. These features are often a norm for an entire society. It achieves dominance by being perceived as pertaining to a majority of the population and having a significant presence in institutions relating to communication, education, artistic expression, law, government and business. The concept of "dominant culture" is generally used in academic discourse in fields such as sociology, anthropology and cultural studies.[1]
The culture that is dominant within a particular geopolitical entity can change over time in response to internal or external factors, but one is usually very resilient and able to reproduce itself effectively from generation to generation. In a polycultural society, various cultures are celebrated and respected equally. A dominant culture can be promoted deliberately and by the suppression of minority cultures or subcultures.
Examples and applications[edit]
Native American studies[edit]
In the United States, a distinction is often made between the indigenous culture of Native Americans, and a dominant culture that may be described as "WASP", "Anglo", "white", "middle class", and so on. Some Native Americans are seen as being part of the culture of their own tribe, community, or family, while simultaneously participating in the dominant culture of America as a whole.[2]
Other American groups[edit]
Ethnic groups are said to exist in the United States in relation to a dominant culture, generally seen as English-speaking, of European ancestry, and Protestant Christian faith. Asian Americans,[3] Jews,[4][5] African Americans,[6] Latinos,[7] and Deaf people,[8][9] among others, are seen as facing a choice to oppose, be opposed by, assimilate into, acculturate (i.e. exist alongside), or otherwise react to the dominant culture.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Gordon Marshall (1998). A Dictionary of Sociology. Oxford University Press.
 2. ^ Maria Falkenhagen and Inga K. Kelly (May 1974). "The Native American in Juvenile Fiction: Teacher Perception of Stereotypes". Journal of American Indian Education. 13 (2). Archived from the original on 2015-01-20.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
 3. ^ Lisa Lowe (1996). Immigrant Acts: On Asian American Cultural Politics. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-1864-4.
 4. ^ Lisa Lowe (review of book by Rabbi Meir Kahane) (2004-02-10). "Why Be Jewish? Intermarriage, Assimilation, and Alienation". The Jewish Eye.
 5. ^ Shlomo Sharan (April 2004). "Assimilation, Normalcy and Jewish Self-Hatred". NATIV Online. Archived from the original on 2008-12-03.
 6. ^ Patricia S. Parker (August 2001). "African American Women Executives' Leadership Communication within Dominant-Culture Organizations: (Re)Conceptualizing Notions of Collaboration and Instrumentality". Management Communication Quarterly. 15 (1).
 7. ^ Penelope Bass (2009-01-29). "Culture and Controversy:The 'Otra Voz' exhibit aims to create conversation". Archived from the original on 2011-07-11.
 8. ^ Joan B. Stone (1998). Ila Parasnis (ed.). Cultural and Language Diversity and the Deaf Experience. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-64565-2.
 9. ^ Carla A. Halpern (1995). "Listening In on Deaf Culture". Diversity and Distinction. Harvard University. Archived from the original on 2013-10-06. Retrieved 2009-01-29.


Advertorial or editorial – When is an editorial feature advertising?
Determining what is an advertisement and what is an editorial can sometimes be difficult, particularly when advertorial is used. Advertorial is generally an advertisement.
Some people believe advertorial is a recent phenomenon but this is not so. Arguably, the doyen of advertorial was Aunt Daisy in the 1940's and 50's with her popular morning radio program.
To assist the Advertising Standards Complaints Board with defining the difference between advertorial and advertising, Board Members Terry Snow and Don Churchill wrote a paper that was referred to the ASA. The recommendations have been accepted by the ASA. These recommendations along with preliminary comments are set out below and are applied by the ASCB.
Defining Advertorial and Editorial
Advertorial and editorial tests
 1. Media businesses depend wholly or in part on advertising revenue for publication – publications or programs where the consumers are attracted by the content will attract advertisers. But that is different from features or programs needing to depend for their very creation directly on related advertising revenue support. Advertorial by definition adopts an editorial format, but tests could be applied to check whether it is in fact editorial or advertorial.
Editorial test
 1. What are the readers, viewers, listeners in it for?
 1. Accurate information, even in magazine feature-like presentations about subjects such as a bank's services, a holiday in Fiji or home heating, for example.
 2. The full story, which should include a value check or independent critical assessment of the information, either from the journalist or an impartial authority. Readers are not intended to get this in an advertising feature.
 1. The editorial test is: Does a feature or program come under No 2? It most probably will if it is independently generated by the newspaper/television broadcaster without reference to the advertiser.
 1. The corollary to No 2 is that the advertiser pays to ensure there is no critical view in the presentation, which runs counter to the advertising aims. Therefore, the advertiser has oversight of the copy, final approval or some measure of control to ensure the words and images are tied in to the advertising purpose.
 1. If a feature, program, broadcast etc does not come under No 2 (eg an advertorial hour for one company's health products on radio) then it fails the editorial test, and should fall within the parameters for advertorial or advertising, and the Codes applying to them.
The importance of context
 1. The publishing, broadcasting or screening context will determine to an extent whether an editorial-looking presentation is at first glance independent editorial generated by the media operation, or advertorial presented on behalf of an advertiser.
 1. If an editorial feature is driven by advertising considerations — eg a special supplement or advertorial page created by the advertising department and under the control of the advertiser in a newspaper or magazine or on television/radio or on a website — and a complaint is lodged against it, then that complaint should fall under the jurisdiction of the Advertising Standards Complaints Board. The feature, under the provision of Truthful Presentation, should be labelled as having an advertising purpose. In this case, the advertising is the principal objective. The editorial feature is part of an advertising framework.
 2. If an editorial feature is part of an editorially designated section in a newspaper, magazine or on television/radio or on a website eg a regular travel section, even if it is surrounded by generic (travel) advertising, and there is a complaint against the feature, then that is for the jurisdiction of the Press Council or the broadcaster and possibly then the Broadcasting Standards Authority. In this case, the editorial presentation is the principal objective. The advertising is simply part of an editorial framework.
Advertorial test
 1. The public is entitled to know when it is reading, listening to or viewing advertorial because it will regard differently information generated by an advertiser in its own favour and which comes under the Advertising Codes of Practice, and information generated by the media in its own right which can be expected to have a quality of independence but needs to meet the tests of the industry's Code of Broadcasting Practice.
 2. To check if an editorial feature, whether in print, broadcast or electronic media, is in fact advertorial, the following tests could be applied in this order:
Test 1
 1. Is it part of an editorial framework or advertising framework?
 If it is clearly part of an advertising framework, whatever editorial format it is in, then a complaint against it should go to the Advertising Standards Complaints Board, where the Advertising Codes will apply.
Test 2
 1. Is it independent of control in any measure by the advertiser?
 If it is not, then any complaint against it will go to the Advertising Standards Complaints Board as advertising.
Test 3
 1. Is there any financial consideration affecting the editorial or which has caused the appearance of the editorial?
 If any financial consideration has been exchanged so that the advertiser has created the occasion for the editorial, or bought the right to any measure of oversight over the editorial, then any complaint against this kind of presentation should fall within the jurisdiction of the Advertising Standards Complaints Board.
Test 4
 1. Is the presentation labelled or clearly designated as an advertorial, advertising feature, promotion or supplement, or in some way described as being for the commercial promotion of an advertiser's services or products?
 If the labelling is evident, then any complaint against such a presentation should fall under the Advertising Codes of Practice and the jurisdiction of the Advertising Standards Complaints Board.
 2. If the feature, program, presentation etc meets the criteria of Tests 1-3 but fails Test 4, it is still clearly advertising and fails to meet the appropriate provision of the Advertising Code of Ethics relating to Identification and Truthful Presentation.
 3. By having clear tests which put labelling as the last measure of whether a presentation is editorial or advertorial, the Advertising Standards Complaints Board should have several ways of measuring advertorials.
Extract from a paper prepared by Terry Snow and Don Churchill
Print media representatives, Advertising Standards Complaints Board


Implants and Types of implants
| Home | | Pharmaceutical Drugs and Dosage | | Pharmaceutical Industrial Management |
Chapter: Pharmaceutical Drugs and Dosage: Inserts, implants, and devices
An implant may be defined as a material that is securely placed (inserted or grafted) into the body.
Implants
An implant may be defined as a material that is securely placed (inserted or grafted) into the body. Most of the implants are surgically placed inside the body. A drug-containing implant is usually a sterile, solid dosage form prepared by compression or melting for drug delivery at a desired rate over a prolonged period of time.
Types of implants based on drug release mechanism
Drug-containing implants may be classified into following types:
1. Diffusion-controlled implants
2. Osmotic minipumps
These implants differ in the mechanism of control of drug release.
1. Diffusion-controlled implants
The rate of drug delivery from polymeric systems may be controlled by (a) drug diffusion and dissolution through an insoluble matrix and/or (b) the use of a rate-controlling membrane. Devices that use a rate-controlling membrane achieve controlled rate of drug delivery through diffusion across the membrane. These membrane systems contain a reservoir, which is in contact with the inner surface of the rate-controlling membrane. The res-ervoir contains the drug in a liquid, gel, colloid, semisolid, or solid matrix. For drug delivery systems that utilize diffusion and dissolution through a matrix for control of drug release rate, the matrix could be composed of hydrophilic or hydrophobic polymers, or a combination of the two to obtain optimum drug release. Depending on the nature of polymers used, the matrix implants could be biodegradable or nonbiodegradable. Drug release from biodegradable implants is a function of both the rate of drug diffusion and the rate of polymer degradation.
Kinetics of drug release from an implant is determined by its mecha-nism. Usually, a reservoir system gives a zero-order profile because the rate-controlling step is the process through which the drug must diffuse from a concentrated solution in the core. A matrix system usually provides a square root of time profile of drug release reflecting an erosion-limited drug absorption. If the rate of polymer degradation is slow compared to the rate of drug diffusion, drug release kinetics obtained with a biodegradable implant can become diffusion limited from a concentrated core and thus similar to nonbiodegradable implants.
Drug-containing implants are exemplified by the following:
· Zoladex® is an implant, which contains goserelin acetate dispersed in a matrix consisting of d,l-lactic and glycolic acid copolymer. Goserelin acetate is a potent synthetic decapeptide analogue of luteinizing hor-mone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist. Zoladex is implanted subcutaneously into the upper abdominal wall. It is used for palliative treatment of advanced carcinoma of the prostate, endometriosis, and advanced breast cancer.
· Vantas® implant contains histrelin, which is a synthetic analogue of GnRH agonist. It is a diffusion-controlled device that provides drug release for up to 12 months. It is used for treating prostate cancer by decreasing the production of certain hormones, which reduces testos-terone levels.
2. Osmotic minipumps
In contrast to rate-controlling membranes (that use a porous membrane), osmotic minipumps use a membrane impermeable to the drug with well-defined openings for drug release. The opening may be a laser-drilled orifice on a tablet coating, for example. The core of these devices con-tains the drug alone or together with an osmotic agent, usually a salt. The membrane is permeable to solvent (water) but impermeable to solute (drug). Such a membrane is called semipermeable membrane. Penetration of water inside the device through the semipermeable membrane allows dissolu-tion of salt (osmotic agent) and creation of high osmotic pressure inside the membrane (highly concentrated salt solution). This osmotic pressure facilitates the release of the drug through the orifice. When in contact with body fluids, the osmotic agent draws in water through the semipermeable membrane because of the osmotic pressure gradient and forms a saturated solution inside the device. The flow of saturated solution of the drug out of the device through the delivery orifice relieves the pressure inside. This process continues at a constant rate until the entire solid agent has been dissolved. The drug release rate is usually unaffected by the pH of the envi-ronment and essentially remains constant as long as the osmotic gradient remains constant. Thus, the kinetics of drug release is governed by the salt concentration and dosage form volume—which impact osmotic pressure, and the orifice diameter.
Polymers, such as cellulose acetate, ethylcellulose, polyurethane, poly-vinyl chloride, and PVA, are used to prepare semipermeable membranes to regulate the osmotic permeation of water. A water-insoluble polymer impregnated with a small quantity of a water-soluble polymer allows the formation of micropores that allow solvent diffusion across the membrane, thus making a semipermeable membrane.
Oral osmotic pump is one of the commonly used devices. It is com-posed of a core tablet surrounded by a semipermeable coating. The coat-ing membrane has a 0.3–4 mm diameter hole, which is produced by a laser beam, for drug exit. This system requires only osmotic pressure to be effective. The drug release rate is dependent on the surface area and nature of the membrane, and the diameter of the hole. When the dos-age form comes in contact with water, water is imbibed, and the drug is released from the orifice at a controlled rate driven by the resultant osmotic pressure of the core.
Drug-containing implants are exemplified by the following:
· Alzet® miniosmotic pump (illustrated in Figure 24.2a) permits easy manipulation of drug release rate over a range of time periods (from 1 day to 6 weeks). These miniature infusion pumps are designed for continuous dosing of unrestrained laboratory animals.
· Osmotic minipump for human use is exemplified by Viadur®, which uses the DUROS® technology (illustrated in Figure 24.2b). Nondegradable, osmotically driven system is intended to enable delivery of small drugs, peptides, proteins, and DNA for systemic or tissue-specific therapy. These implants are used for continuous therapy for up to 1 year. Viadur is a luprolide acetate-containing implant, once yearly, for the palliative treatment of advanced pros-tate cancer.
Figure 24.2 (a) An illustration of design elements of osmotic minipump devices. (b) different components of an osmotic pump.
Types of implants based on clinical use
Implants may also be classified based on the organ in which the device is implanted. These implants can be drug-containing or nondrug-containing devices. Drugs may also be incorporated into or on the surface of devices used in routine clinical medicine, such as cardiac stents.
1. Cardiac implants
Cardiac implants are devices that are surgically placed in the heart for restoring and assisting regular heart function. For example, polymeric clo-sure devices, such as Amplatzer® and CardioSEAL®, are used to close a hole or an opening between the right and the left side of the heart to correct birth defects located in the interatrial septum. The use of cardiac pacemak-ers and artificial heart valves is well known.
Drug loading into conventional cardiac implants can improve their clini-cal outcome. For example, drug eluting stents are used for the prevention of in-stent restenosis (fibrosis and thrombus-induced blockade of the stented artery). These stents contain drugs, such as sirolimus (Cypher®), paclitaxel (Taxus®), zotarolimus (Endeavour®), and everolimus (Xience V®). In addi-tion, iontophoretic cardiac drug delivery system allows cardiac electrical pulse-induced drug release for the treatment of arrhythmias.
2. Dental implants
Dental implants, such as artificial tooth, fillings, and dentures, are fairly common in the practice of dentistry. Antibiotics and analgesic drugs are commonly used in medicated dental implants. Prophylactic antibiotic treat-ment is frequently practiced in dental implant placement surgery to mini-mize chances of infection at the implant site. Local release of the antibiotic from a polymeric matrix close to the implant has greater efficacy while minimizing systemic side effects.
Atridox® is a FDA-approved product designed for controlled delivery of the antibiotic doxycycline for the treatment of periodontal disease. When injected into the periodontal cavity, the formulation sets, forming a drug delivery depot that delivers the antibiotic to the cavity.
3. Urological and penal implants
Urological implants, such as urethral and ureteral stents and catheters, can be used for local drug therapy.


, they will get boxed separately to different memory addresses on the heap. This of course means the call to ReferenceEquals returns false.
 So for example object.ReferenceEquals(10, 10) returns false, for these reasons.
 You can see it's the boxing that causes the problem in the following code:
 // Set up value type in int variable - no boxing
 int value = 10;
 object one = value; // Cast to object so boxed
 object two = value; // Cast again so boxed again separately
 // one and two are now separate memory locations on the heap
 Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(one, two)); // false

 // Set up value type in object variable which
 // immediately boxes it onto the heap
 object value2 = 10; // value is boxed already
 object three = value2; // three points to the boxed value
 object four = value2; // four also points to the same boxed value
 Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(three, four)); // true
 - Override or not?
 ReferenceEquals is a static method on object, and so once again cannot be overridden. It will always perform identity checks as outlined above.
 4. a == b
 - Overview
 == is an operator, clearly, and not a method. In my humble opinion it has been included in C# largely as a syntactic convenience and to make the language look like C/C++.
 As with a.Equals(b), == is intended to test for identity or equivalence as appropriate (see the discussion in the paragraph "What type of Equality do we expect?" above. In fact, in almost all circumstances == should behave like a.Equals(b).
 - Value Types
 For value types within the .NET Framework, == is implemented as you would expect, and will test for equivalence (value equality). However, for any custom value types you implement (structs) a default == will not be available unless you provide one.
 - Reference Types
 For reference types a default == is available, and this will test for identity (reference equality). For most reference types in the .NET Framework == will again test for identity, but, as for a.Equals(b), there are certain classes where the operator has been overloaded to do a value comparison. System.String is once again the canonical example, for the reasons discussed in part 1 of this article.
 - Override (overload?) or not?
 Since == is an operator we can't override it. However, we can overload it to provide a different functionality to the base functionality described above.
 For reference types Microsoft recommends that you don't overload == unless you have reference types behaving as value types as discussed above. This means that even if you override a.Equals(b) to provide some custom functionality you should leave your == operator to provide an identity test. This is, I think, the only occasion where == should behave differently from a.Equals(b).
 For value types, as mentioned above, a default overload of == will not be available and you will have to provide one if you need one. The easiest thing to do is simply to call a.Equals(b) from an operator overload in your struct: in general your implementation of == should not be different from a.Equals(b).
 Note that if you overload == you should overload !=. You should also override a.Equals(b) to do the same thing, and as a result should overload GetHashCode. Finally you should consider overriding IComparable.CompareTo().
 - Care with == and Reference Types
 One final thing to note is that operator overloads don't behave like overrides. If you use the == operator with reference types without thinking, this can be a problem.
 For example, suppose you have an untyped DataSet ds containing a DataTable dt. Suppose this has columns Id and Name. dt has two rows. Consider the following code:
 // Create DataSet
 DataSet ds= new DataSet("ds");
 DataTable dt= ds.Tables.Add("dt");
 dt.Columns.Add("Value", typeof(int));

 // Add two rows, both with Value column set to 1
 DataRow row1= dt.NewRow();row1["Value"] = 1;dt.Rows.Add(row1);
 DataRow row2= dt.NewRow();row2["Value"] = 1;dt.Rows.Add(row2);
 Console.WriteLine(row1["Value"] == row2["Value"]);
 // Compare with == returns false.
 Console.WriteLine(row1["Value"].Equals(row2["Value"]));
 // Compare with .Equals returns true.
 When we compare with == in the example above we get false, even though the column in both rows contains the integer 1. The reason is that both row1[Value] and row2[Value] return objects, not integers. So == will use the == in System.Object, not any overloaded version in integer. The == in System.Object does an identity comparison (reference equality test). The underlying values have been separately boxed onto the heap, so aren't in the same memory address, and the test fails.
 When we compare with .Equals we get true. This is because .Equals is overridden in System.Int32 to do a value comparison, so the comparison uses the overridden version to correctly compare the values of the two integers.
 5. a is b
 - Overview
 a is b isn't actually a test for object equality at all, although it looks like one. b here has to be a type name (so b would need to be a class name, for example). The operator tests whether object a is either of type b or can be cast to it without an exception being thrown. This is equivalent to TypeOf a Is b in VB.NET, which is a little clearer.
 - Value Types/Reference Types
 The operator works in the same way for both value types and reference types.
 - Override (overload?) or not?
 The operator cannot be overloaded (or overridden clearly).
The Final Twist: String Interning
On the basis of the above what should this do?
object a = "Hello World";
object b = "Hello World";
Console.WriteLine(a.Equals(b));
Console.WriteLine(a == b);
At first glance you might say that:
 1. a and b are reference types containing strings (you would be right).
 2. .Equals is overridden in the string class to do an equivalence (value) comparison, and the values are equal. So a.Equals(b) is true (you would still be right).
 3. However, a == b is an overload and on the object type it does an identity comparison, not a value comparison (you would still be right).
 4. a and b are separate objects in memory so a == b is false (you would be wrong)
4. is actually wrong, but only because of an optimization in the CLR. The CLR keeps a list of all strings currently being used in an application in something called the intern pool. When a new string is set up in code the CLR checks the intern pool to see if the string is already in use. If so, it will not allocate memory to the string again, but will re-use the existing memory. Hence a == b is true above.
You can prevent strings being interned by using a StringBuilder as below. In this case a.Equals(b) will be true, and a== b will be false, which is what you would expect:
object a = "Hello World";
object b = new StringBuilder().Append("Hello").Append(" World").ToString();
Console.WriteLine(a.Equals(b));
Console.WriteLine(a == b);
VB.NET
This article has talked mainly about C#. However, the situation is similarly confusing in VB.NET. Because they are methods on System.Object, VB.NET has methods a.Equals(b), object.Equals(a, b) and object.ReferenceEquals(a, b) which are the same as the methods described above.
VB.NET has no == operator, or any operator equivalent to it.
VB.NET additionally has the Is operator. This operator's use in TypeOf a Is b statements was discussed under a is b: Overview above.
VB.NET: a Is b
The Is operator can also be used for identity (reference equality) comparisons on two reference types in VB.NET. However, unlike a.ReferenceEquals(b), which does the same thing for reference types, the Is operator cannot be used at all with value types. The Visual Basic compiler will not compile code where either of a or b in the statement a Is b are value types.
References
License
This article, along with any associated source code and files, is licensed under The Code Project Open License (CPOL)
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More than 200 Organizations Push Congress to Address Western Water Infrastructure
A national coalition of over 200 agricultural organizations and urban and rural water districts including the Western Agricultural Processors Association urged President-elect Joe Biden and congressional leadership today to address aging Western water infrastructure in any potential infrastructure or economic recovery package. The coalition includes organizations from 15 states that collectively represent $120 billion in agricultural production, nearly one-third of all agricultural production in the country, and tens of millions of urban and rural water users. In separate letters to President-elect Biden and congressional leaders, the coalition said existing Western water infrastructure is in desperate need of rehabilitation and improvement. Most of the federal water projects in the West were built more than 50 years ago and were not designed with the present and future population demands and climate conditions in mind. Without immediate attention, the coalition said, the Western water system will quickly prove inadequate to meet the needs of urban and rural users and the environment. The coalition encouraged the federal government to invest in a diversified water management portfolio that enhances water supply and quality for urban and environmental uses while keeping water flowing to Western farms. Specific recommendations include funding for:
- Water conservation.
- Water recycling, reuse and desalination projects.
- New water storage facilities, both surface and groundwater.
- Watershed management, fish passage and recovery, and habitat restoration.
- Federal financing mechanisms for water projects.
- Loans for local districts operating and maintaining federally owned irrigation projects.
- Water quality improvement for rural communities.
Beyond financial support, the coalition also called on the federal government to ensure the timely construction of water projects by streamlining the regulation and permitting processes. Association President/CEO Roger A. Isom stated the time is absolutely now! We have gone too many years without upgrades to our water infrastructure."
Click here for the letter to President-elect Joe Biden and click here for the letter to congressional leadership.
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Governor Signs Ag Overtime Bill


In NW Turkey, the medium-grade Kemer micaschists of the Biga Peninsula record NE-directed extension related to ductile to brittle–ductile shearing during the Palaeogene period: a lower limit for their exhumation is given by the Late Maastrichtian age of the HP–LT metamorphism of a similar nearby area (Çamlıca micaschists); an upper limit is given by the Early Eocene intrusion age of the post-kinematic Karabiga granitoid, dated as 52.7 ± 1.9 Ma using the U–Pb LA–ICP–MS method on xenotime. Correlations with the northeasterly Rhodope region and integration into the geodynamic regional frame indicate that the Kemer micaschists experienced an extensional deformation connected to a collisional context in latest Cretaceous–early Tertiary times. The Kemer micaschists therefore represent a new area (the first in Turkey), which suffered synorogenic extension in the north Aegean domain at the very beginning of Tertiary times.
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The MAG-POS is a radiation tolerant resolver and LVDT to digital converter. The MAG-POS is designed to read out the angular information from a resolver or the linear distortion information from an LVDT. The MAG-POS is capable of reading the position of a resolver or LVDT in a 16-bit resolution at the speed of 40k samples/s.
Gain and offset trimming is available to calibrate the system for a specific resolver or LVDT to achieve maximum performance. Sine and cosine reference signals can be foreseen.
A serial interface is provided to configure internal register settings and read the fault status (LOS and DOS). Sensor data is obtained through the SPI interface.
- TID tolerance: >1 MGy
- SEL: >100 MeV·cm²/mg
- SET/SEU: >60 MeV·cm²/mg
Key technical specifications
- Temperature range: -50 to 125 °C
- Input voltage range: 1.2 Vpp
- Resolution: 16 bits
- Diagnostic features
– Loss of tracking (LOS)
– Degradation of signal (DOS)
- Phase lock range: -45 to 45 °
- Accuracy: 9 Arcmin
- Tracking rate: 9000 rpm
- Sampling rate: 40k sample/s
- Settling time: 30ms
- DC and AC servo motor control
- Electric power steering
- Electric vehicles
- Automated motion sensing and control
- Remote handling
- Spacecraft / satellite attitude control


Social Spaces and Urban Development
Song Yi, Alessandro Ronaldi and Lijie Wang
Moderator: Helle Siljeholm
This public discussion uses research undertaken by Beijing based writer and editor Lijie Wang, specifically her contribution to the publication 'Bajia House 2. Social Spaces', as a starting point for exploration into the disappearance of grassroots and artist-led social spaces in Beijing. As part of the discussion, Bejing based social artists Song Yi, and Alessandro Ronaldi speak about their artistic practice and contributions to the book. The artworks and texts presented by the panel will be used as a reference to discuss the development of urban areas and the processes of gentrification, both positively and negatively.
«In an urban environment that increasingly demands precision and optimization, how do we reconcile the ambiguous nature of constantly transforming, nebulous, and messy relationships that comprise the social? How do we build meaningful relationships that sit at the foundation of «healthy» and «sustainable» communities, and how do we equip them to evolve in the wake of external forces?
Forward from 'Bajia House 2. Social Spaces'. Co-edited by: Zandie Brockett and Lijie Wang.
Produced in collaboration with Fotogalleriet, Oslo
Thank you to Fotogalleriet 's artistic director: Antonio Cataldo.
Fri 15. Feb


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Where Did the Term "Pink Slip" Originate?
Pink slip image via Shutterstock
The Short Answer: No one knows, but the search has been interesting.
The Long Answer: Getting a pink slip usually means you're fired. It's not something most people look forward to. Peter Liebhold, then, is an odd guy. He's been searching for a pink slip for years, and he's disappointed he keeps coming up empty.
Liebhold isn't looking to get canned. Rather, finding a pink slip is his job. He's a curator at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History and Chair of the Division of Work and Industry.
The history of business culture is his business. The pink slip is a mystery he's been chasing for a long time. Almost everyone is familiar with the phrase, but no one seems to know where it originated, or if there's an actual pink slip out there to be had.
The usual line of reasoning is that the phrase was born when one or more companies started the practice of terminating employees by giving them notice on a piece of pink paper. The color was chosen so that the notice would stand out from the rest of the paperwork on the poor guy's desk and he wouldn't miss it. The catch, of course, is that Liebhold and other historians haven't been able to track down an actual slip, or find any companies that actually fired people like this. The most they had to go on for a while was the Oxford English Dictionary citing the phrase's first known appearance in a 1915 pulp novel about baseball.
The most promising lead Liebhold ever had, he told the Baltimore Sun, was the Ford Motor Company. While poring over an obscure history journal, he found a footnote that led him to another article in another journal that talked about the daily evaluations of Ford's assembly line workers. The workers, the article went, all had lockers or cubbies where they kept their things, and at the end of the day they would find a slip of paper from management there. A white paper meant the day's effort was acceptable. A pink slip, though, meant that they weren't wanted back in the morning.
Liebhold thought he'd finally found his elusive slip, but when he tracked down the source of the story, a California-based management consultant, he learned it was just an anecdote overheard in college. The consultant had been repeating it ever since. Neither the consultant, nor anyone at Ford who Liebhold talked to, had any evidence that the story was true.
Swing and a miss.
Liebhold's search hasn't been in vain, though. He's found a few other bits of workplace history during the hunt, like the first American filing cabinet and some red twill that secretaries used to use to bundle documents together — apparently, the inspiration for bureaucratic "red tape."


vi) A four– footed soccer player
Answer: Do it yourself.
Question 4: Given below are some nouns and a set of modifiers (in the box). Combine the nouns and modifiers to make as many appropriate phrases as you can. (Hint: The nouns and modifiers are all from the texts in this book.)
Answer: Do it yourself.
Question 1: Match the words on the left with a word on the right. Some words on the left can go with more than one word on the right.
i) A portion of – blood
ii) A pool of – cotton
iii) Flakes of – stones
iv) A huge heap of – gold
v) A gust of – fried fish
vi) little drops of – snow
vii) A piece of – water
viii) A pot of – wind
Answer: i) A portion of friend fish
ii) A pool of water
iii) Flakes of snow
iv) A huge heap of stones, A huge heap of cotton
v) A gust of wind
vi) Little drops of blood, Little drops of water
vii) A piece of cotton. A piece of fried fish
viii) A pot of gold
Question 2: Use a bit of / a piece of / a bunch of / a lump of / a cloud of with the italicised nouns in the following sentences. The first has been done for you as an example.
i) My teacher gave me some advice.
ii) Can you give me some clay please?
iii) The information you gave was very useful.
iv) Because of these factories, smoke hangs over the city.
v) Two stones rubbed together can produce sparks of fire.
vi) He gave me some flowers on my birthday.
Answer: Do it yourself.
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Need Help with 4L60E Transmission Identification Chart!
Identifying Your 4L60E Transmission
If you're delving into the world of GM's 4L60E transmission, knowing how to identify your specific model is crucial for repairs, restorations, or modifications. This tutorial aims to guide you through the various identification methods along with an informative chart to help you decode it all.
Why Identification Matters
Identifying your transmission accurately can save you from unnecessary hassles when it comes to parts compatibility and understanding your vehicle's performance capabilities. Different model years have specific features, so let's dive into how to pin down your exact variant.
Common ID Tags and Codes
 1. Check the Transmission Tag: Generally located on the driver's side of the transmission case. Look for a flat, metallic tag.
 2. VIN Number: Your vehicle's VIN can tell you a lot about the original transmission installed.
 3. Production Date: Often stamped on the case, helping to further confirm the model year.
Steps to Decode Your 4L60E
 - Inspect the Tag: Note down the letters and numbers.
 - Match with the Chart: Use the identification chart below to match your codes.
4L60E Identification Chart
Code Year Model Notes
_PHONE_ 4L60E Early model, commonly found in Chevy trucks
_PHONE_ 4L60E Improved durability features
_PHONE_ 4L60E Introduced electronic controls
_PHONE_ 4L60E Common in many GM vehicles, more reliable
_PHONE_ 4L60E Can handle more power than older versions
Additional Tips
 - Always double-check your codes against multiple sources. Variability can exist based on regional manufacturing differences.
 - If you're unsure, consider seeking industry resources or forums dedicated to GM transmissions for additional help.
Conclusion
Identifying your 4L60E transmission doesn't have to be daunting. With the right information and some careful checking, you'll be ready for whatever project awaits you! If you have any questions, feel free to ask here, and let's get into the nitty-gritty of these fantastic transmissions!
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I found a great guide on the key components of the 4L60E transmission. It really dives deep into the valve body and its role! Anyone else looked into this?
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I haven't seen that guide! What did they say about the torque converter? It's sometimes overlooked but crucial for performance.
The torque converter is vital! It transfers power from the engine to the transmission. Understanding how to identify it can save you headaches later on. Plus, knowing the clutch packs can aid in troubleshooting problems too.
I'm curious, what common issues do people face with the 4L60E? I've been researching clutch pack failures. Anyone have tips on identification?
Clutch packs can indeed be tricky. If you notice slipping or erratic shifting, they might be the issue. A visual check is also beneficial.
Great advice, iberger! I've had my fair share of issues with valve bodies too. Sometimes, just cleaning or adjusting them can make a massive difference!
The maintenance tutorial I'm working on includes cleanup tips for the valve body! Almost everyone overlooks this, but it's key to the longevity of the transmission.
That sounds awesome, tsaunders! A lot of people could really benefit from a detailed breakdown of each part. I believe troubleshooting starts with the valve body.
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I totally agree! Plus, an engaging tutorial can really help newcomers get it right the first time!
I think a how-to guide that incorporates visuals would be fantastic! Pictures can really help with identifying components and their functions.
Absolutely! Visuals make a difference. Speaking of which, does anyone have a funny story about working with the 4L60E?
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One time, I installed a valve body upside down. Let's just say that was a learning experience. Caught it before anything blew up, though!
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Haha, that's quite the story, carrie78! Learning the hard way helps us remember these things forever. What do you think would help prevent such mistakes?
A good checklist while working on the transmission could really help! I've made one to ensure I don't miss a step in the process.
3 Likes
I've been trying to figure out what model of 4L60E I have in my truck. Looking forward to this tutorial! Identifying the right transmission can save a lot of hassle down the road.
You're not alone, laura93! I struggled with this too. The tags and numbers really help if you know where to look. Can't wait for the guide!
Make sure to check the connector type – it's a key factor in identifying the 4L60E models. There are quite a few variations out there!
Absolutely! I found that out the hard way when I mistook mine for a different model. Can't wait for the tutorial to clarify these details!
4 Likes
I remember spending hours trying to decode the casting numbers on my transmission. This tutorial could save so many people so much time!


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The Study of Urban Form in Canada
This paper examines contributions to the study of urban form in Canada by French and English researchers working in a variety of disciplines, especially architecture, planning, geography, and history. Instead of discussing contributions purely along traditional linguistic or disciplinary lines, the authors use a novel classification scheme to identify and categorize significant works according to their particular epistemological perspective, before describing noteworthy contributions of various academic disciplines by key authors and research themes. The most significant contributions to the study of urban form in Canada have come from two largely isolated camps: first, architects/planners, mostly from Québec, who examine form as a relatively independent system and work in the tradition of the so-called 'Italian school' of process typology; and secondly, predominantly anglophone urban and historical geographers who deal with built forms and urban morphogenesis as a product of external forces. Recent work suggests that the 'two solitudes' may be coming together.


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Egypt would face terrible water shortage due to population growth and the progress of desertification. The aim of this study is to discuss the possibility of sustainable use of groundwater at around the Lake Nasser taking into account both naturally recharged water and pumping-induced recharge from the lake to subsurface. We first analyzed temporal change of groundwater heads caused by the changes of lake water level to obtain hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer. Then, the distributions of groundwater heads were simulated with respect to several different scenarios of pumping. Results of the simulations showed that well-chosen location and appropriate amount of pumping can enable us to use groundwater in sustainable way.
Aswan High Dam, Lake Nasser, groundwater seepage from dam, pumping irrigation water


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Detect the language of the user, using the.mo
I have a little doubt. Using 2.9.2 and Wp BP 22.214.171.124.
The way that we can change the language from wp-config.php for example in Spanish. Do not use google translator or other service.
BP would be possible to detect the user's language and load the activity in Spanish or English. In the same way that Facebook loaded into Spanish in Spain and in English in the USA.
- The topic 'Detect the language of the user, using the.mo' is closed to new replies.


Test definitions
If you make a configuration change, Swarm will not use it until the configuration cache has been reloaded, this forces Swarm to use the new configuration. You must be an admin or super user to reload the Swarm config cache. Navigate to the User id dropdown menu, select System Information, click the Cache Info tab, and click the Reload Configuration button.
The project_and_branch_separator configurable character is only applied to tests created from the Tests menu, see Tests.
Specifies the character used to separate the {projects} and {branches} IDs in the URL that is passed to your CI system. Some CI systems, such as Jenkins, escape the default colon : character resulting in a failed test request. If your CI system needs a different separator character, the project_and_branch_separator character can be changed to a character that you CI system will accept, for example a dash - or an underscore _.
Be careful when selecting your separator character, some characters can cause issues when calling tests. For example, a # character in a URL call means the branch is treated as an anchor and a % character in a JSON body encoding is escaped. Both of these will result in a failed test request.
Configure the project_and_branch_separator character with the following configuration block in the SWARM_ROOT/data/config.php file:
 'test_definitions' => array(
'project_and_branch_separator' => ':',
The default value for the project_and_branch_separator configurable is a colon :.


Card Formatting
If the card is new or was previously formatted (initialized) by another camera or computer, format the card with this camera.
Caution
 - When the card is formatted, all images and data on the card will be erased. Even protected images will be erased, so make sure there is nothing you need to keep. If necessary, transfer the images and data to a computer, etc. before formatting the card.
 1. Select [Set-up: Format card].
 2. Format the card.
 - Select [OK].
 - For low-level formatting, press the INFO button to add a checkmark [Check] to [Low level format], then select [OK].
Tips Conditions requiring card formatting
 - The card is new.
 - The card was formatted by a different camera or a computer.
 - The card is full of images or data.
 - A card-related error is displayed ().
Low-level formatting
 - Perform low-level formatting if the card's writing or reading speed seems slow or if you want to totally erase the data on the card.
 - Since low-level formatting will format all recordable sectors on the card, the formatting will take longer than normal formatting.
 - During low-level formatting, you can cancel formatting by selecting [Cancel]. Even in this case, normal formatting will already be complete and you can use the card as usual.
Card file formats
 - SD cards will be formatted in FAT12 or FAT16, SDHC cards in FAT32, and SDXC cards in exFAT.
 - Individual movies recorded to exFAT-formatted cards are recorded as a single file (without splitting them into multiple files) even if they exceed 4 GB, so the resulting movie file will exceed 4 GB.
Caution
 - It may not be possible to use SDXC cards formatted with this camera in other cameras. Also note that exFAT-formatted cards may not be recognized by some computer operating systems or card readers.
 - Formatting or erasing data on a card does not completely erase the data. Be aware of this when selling or discarding the card. When disposing of cards, take steps to protect personal information if necessary, as by physically destroying cards.
Note
 - The card capacity displayed on the card format screen may be smaller than the capacity indicated on the card.
 - This device incorporates exFAT technology licensed from Microsoft.


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OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to assess the metabolic risk of excessive dietary iodine intake in ewes and neonatal lambs.
DESIGN: Pregnant Šumava ewes received an experimental diet containing 3.1 mg iodine per kg of dietary dry matter in Group A (control, n=13, 6 ewes and 7 lambs) and 5.1 mg iodine per kg of dietary dry matter in Group B (experimental, n=12, 6 ewes, 6 lambs) for eight months. Iodine was administered to ewes as calcium iodate. TSH in blood serum; TT3, TT4, fT3, and fT4 in blood plasma were examined in both groups of ewes and lambs to assess the risks of iodine intake above the permitted limit, as it applies to thyroid gland activity.
RESULTS: Group B ewes showed a significant increase in TSH and TT4 only on day 1 after parturition. The highest values of TT4, TT3, and fT3 in lambs were recorded on day 1 after birth. The lowest values of fT3 and fT4 in lambs were measured on day 60 after birth with no differences observed between the groups. In lambs of Group B the lower concentration of TSH until day 3 after birth was followed by a significant increase from day 10 after birth.
CONCLUSION: Our results indicate a risk of postnatal hypothyroidism among lambs from pregnant and lactating ewes having a high iodine intake....