text:
Whenever we give a demo of OpenAnnotate, clients always ask, "What happens when multiple users need to review a document at the same time?" OpenAnnotate has always supported having multiple users annotating a document at the same time, but a recent client has added functionality which broadcasts "live" the annotations and comments that users are making. This makes the review process in OpenAnnotate more collaborative. This post will outline some things to look for when evaluating your options for annotating/reviewing documents in your ECM repository.
We have had clients struggle with other annotation products and review processes in the past that did not allow more than one user to be reviewing a document at the same time. The "out of the box" functionality that is advertised for many ECM repositories to be able to perform a document "review" involves the following:
- Create a workflow to send to individual reviewers
- Each individual user must check out the document when it is their turn to review
- Perform their edits in the document (with or without track changes)
- Remember check back in the correct document
- Complete the workflow task
We have seen many clients struggle with this process because it involves multiple steps that users must remember to perform in order for the review to go smoothly. Some of the things that go wrong or problems with this approach are:
- Only one person can be doing their review at a time. This can add hours/days to the review process because each user must independently make their edits before the next user can review and make their comments.
- Users forget to check back in the document, leaving others locked out of doing their review
- Users forget to turn on "Track Changes" in the document, so other reviewers and authors don't know what was changed
- Reviewers "over-edit" the document since they are using the native editing application and tend to spend too much time editing fonts, changing design, wordsmithing
- Documents must go through many separate review cycles since the first reviewers don't get to see what the later reviewers changed in the document.
TSG has had success in rolling out our OpenAnnotate annotation tool because it addresses the following issues:
- Annotations are made using the Adobe XFDF specification allowing for documents to be viewed with their annotations inline
- Reviewers have a simplified toolset that lets them enter comments, draw lines/boxes/circles/arrows, highlight/strikethrough text. This lets them focus on the content of their review rather than the semantics of the tool.
- Annotations are made as a layer on top of the document allowing multiple reviewers to be making their annotations at the same time
The most recent enhancement to OpenAnnotate takes that last point one step further as it allows users to collaborate on the review process in real time without having to refresh the page to see if another user has made comments.
We have added a "Participants" pane to the interface that will show all users that are currently annotating the document, as well as expose a chat window to allow users to have an informal dialog during the review.
When annotations are being made, every user will immediately see the annotation appear on their screen. This allows users to make their comments at the same time as other reviewers and respond to each other's feedback. We have also expanded each annotation with a "reply" feature which allows an individual to reply to a highlight/strikethrough or other annotation.
Let us know your thoughts in the comments below.


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On the Number of Latin Squares
McKay, Brendan; Wanless, Ian
We (1) determine the number of Latin rectangles with 11 columns and each possible number of rows, including the Latin squares of order 11, (2) answer some questions of Alter by showing that the number of reduced Latin squares of order n is divisible by f! where f is a particular integer close to 1/2n, (3) provide a formula for the number of Latin squares in terms of permanents of (+1, -1)-matrices, (4) find the extremal values for the number of 1-factorisations of k-regular bipartite graphs on...[Show more]
CollectionsANU Research Publications
Date published: 2005
Type: Journal article
Source: Annals of Combinatorics
DOI: 10.1007/s00026-_PHONE_-7
File Description SizeFormat Image
01_McKay_On_the_Number_of_Latin__2005.pdf138.74 kBAdobe PDF Request a copy


text:
11-06-'09 | W.A. Lategan
Date and time
11 June 2009, 1.15 p.m.
The theological dialectic of Creation and death in Hebrew Bible wisdom traditions
Prof. E. Noort
Dr J.T.A.G.M. van Ruiten
Dr M. Popović
Creation and death in Hebrew Bible wisdom traditions
Werner Lategan investigated how the themes of Creation and death are theologically related within the Hebrew Bible wisdom traditions, focusing in particular on a selection of extraordinary texts: Psalm 104, Job 3 and Ecclesiastes 11:7-12:8. The crucial factor in the research is the relationships between the various texts and their attitudes towards Creation, death, God and man, and how this diversity can be meaningfully expressed in a biblical theology based on dialogue. All attempts to integrate the various theological positions within the wisdom tradition into one framework are therefore dismissed. The proposition in this PhD thesis is that the theological potential of the Hebrew Bible lies in its theological diversity.
Lategan's thesis consists of two parts. The first part discusses the role that death plays within Creation and towards God as the Creator in Psalm 104, Job and Ecclesiastes (Qohelet) on the basis of detailed exegesis and thematic discussions. This results in a variety of theological attitudes towards death within the framework of the Creation and towards God as Creator. In the second part, Lategan argues that the various theological standpoints indicated in the first part cannot and should not be brought in line – diversity should prevail. The second part of the problem definition is mainly discussed in the concluding chapter, which consecutively deals with the themes of Creation, Creator, death and the relationship between Creation and death, and the most important points from the standpoints of the three texts are emphasized.
Werner Lategan (South Africa, 1975) studied theology at the University of Stellenbosch (South Africa) and conducted his PhD research at the Faculty of Theology and Religious Studies with an Uboo Emmius grant. He currently works at the University of Stellenbosch.
The wisdom tradition of the Hebrew Bible is consistent in its portrayal of death as final. This notion is expressed in a variety of ways, as exemplified by the analysis of specific texts, namely Psalm 104, Job 3 and Ecclesiastes 11:7-12:8. The analysis of these texts illustrates that the wisdom tradition allows for a diversity of responses to the question concerning the place of death in Creation and death's relation to the Creator. Privilege should be given to this theological diversity, rather than incorporating these diverse responses within an all-encompassing framework. The wisdom tradition is also persistent in directing attention to life in the present and does not entertain the notion of a meaningful existence after death, or that of a future bodily resurrection coinciding with divine judgment. Such a persistent focus on life Diesseits illustrates the non-eschatological basis of hope in the wisdom tradition. Such a pre-eminence of life in the present places an ethical imperative on faith communities to contribute to the dissemination of justice and human dignity in the present. In this regard the open-ended and dialogical nature of the wisdom tradition points to alternative avenues for contemporary theological reflection, resisting the modernist quest for absoluteness, and keeping theological debate honest and relevant.
Werner Lategan, + 27 021 808 32 66,
|Last modified:||30 March 2017 2.57 p.m.|

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
By Claudia Siefen
Amerikai anzix / American Torso by Bódy Gábor shows us the fate of a group of exiled Hungarian revolutionaries in 1848 and follows them into the American Civil War. The main character is a surveyor, a freedom fighter, a true war technician. The observation of the landscape is combined here with the observation by the film camera. The film thus sees and registers the ongoing war from the point of view of the surveyor. Will the camera's point of view be that of the audience? Because an audience will also give it in multiple edition.


text:
Let us consider four disks intersecting as in the figure. Each of the three shapes formed by the intersection
of three disks will be called a petal.
Write zero or one on each of the disks. Then write on each petal the remainder in the division by two of the sum
of integers on the disks that contain this petal. For example, if there were the integers 0, 1, 0, and 1 written
on the disks, then the integers written on the petals will be 0, 1, and 0 (the disks and petals are given in the
order shown in the figure).
This scheme is called a Hamming code. It has an interesting property: if you enemy changes secretely any
of the seven integers, you can determine uniquely which integer has been changed. Solve this problem and you will
know how this can be done.
The only line contains seven integers separated with a space, each of them being zero or one. The first four
integers are those written on the disks in the order shown in the figure. The following three integers are those
written on the petals in the order shown in the figure
Output one line containing seven integers separated with a space. The integers must form a Hamming code. The set
of integers may differ from the input set by one integer at most. It is guaranteed that either the input set is
a Hamming code or a Hamming code can be obtained from it by changing exactly one integer.
0 1 0 1 1 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Problem Author: Sofia Tekhazheva, prepared by Olga Soboleva
Problem Source: Ural Regional School Programming Contest 2010

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Author(s): Jinfeng Ma; Qiuwen Chen; Fei Ye; Yiping Xu
Keywords: Cute Ecological risk assessment; Contaminant fate model; Water pollutionaccidents; Ecotoxicology
Abstract: : Water pollution accidents has become a continuous concern due to its adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems, which are generally characterized by short term-high level exposures and particularly, dynamical fluctuations of exposure concentrations. Consequently, an efficient, quantitative approach to aquatic ecosystem risk assessment (ERA) remains a longstanding challenge in water pollution accidents. Although toxicity exposure ratio (TER) methodology overwhelming in ERA studies, predicted environmental concentration (PEC) determination still adopted the maximum concentration in receiving water, without taking into consideration of dynamical fluctuations of concentration and leading to a underestimation of potential risks. This studypresented a PEC determination method based on the pollutant transport modeling to reflect effect of the temporal and spatial variability of concentration field on ecological risk. The pollutant transport model employs SELFE and WASP to compute the spatial-temporal distributions of pollutant. Basing on the pollutant concentration field, the presented PEC determination method is employed tocharacterizethe ecotoxicological effects on ecosystem. The method is validated by the data collected from an accidental spill of nitrobenzene happened in November 2005 in the Songhua River, China.


text:
Finance in Transition: Principles for a Positive Finance Future
Finance in Transition discusses the transition from traditional finance to transition finance.The current pattern of unsustainable economic development is supported by the global financial system, whose goal function is to create ever more financial value. Traditional finance is based on the concept of shareholder value. This paper develops new principles for a sustainable financial system. These guiding principles are: 1) from shareholder to integrated value, which combines financial, social and environmental value; 2) stewardship based on a direct link between financiers and companies; and 3) capital allocation based on long-term societal value.


text:
So what is this Science Outreach Program all about?
The Science Outreach Program aims to serve the greater community and promote an interest in science from a Christ-centered perspective. Our purpose is to help advance science education, raise the scientific consciousness of the community, and share resources of the George Fox University Science Department.
The George Fox University Science Outreach Program was created in 1994 by Dwight Kimberly with the help of a grant from the MJ Murdock Charitable Foundation. At this time, a well equipped science laboratory was dedicated for the Science Outreach Program in the newly built Edwards-Holman Science Center. Simply put, Dwight's desire was, and is, to help educators teach science better. We are happy to work with all kinds of educators, whether teachers from public or private schools, home school parents, camp directors, or anyone interacting with children and teaching science.
Dwight's vision included loaning valuable resources to under-equipped science teachers, providing encouragement, and brainstorming lab and hands-on teaching opportunities. Dwight also formed a close connection with the home school community by providing Youth Science Classes taught by George Fox University undergraduate science students.
The Science Outreach Program has grown to include formal associations with several school districts including over one hundred twenty teachers and sixty schools, OHSU, OMSI, and Newberg Community School. Countless home school children have attended GFU Youth Science Classes. Over time, George Fox University has built a national reputation for excellent science outreach and serves as a model for similar outreach programs.
Many of our services fall under one of four primary categories:
Youth Science Classes: Science classes are taught by George Fox University undergraduate students in a laboratory setting. These classes are popular with, but not restricted to, home schooling families.
Interschool Equipment Loan Program: George Fox University loans science equipment to public and private school teachers, home school parents, and members of the greater George Fox University community.
Laboratory and Facility Outreach: Many high-school groups studying human anatomy use the GFU laboratories, equipment, and resources to augment their classroom lessons. Demonstrations of onsite equipment, such as the NMR, can also be scheduled.
Star Lab: The Star Lab is a portable planetarium. Come to GFU or we bring the field trip to you!
Teachers are encouraged to contact the Science Outreach Administrator at _EMAIL_ if they have any questions about teaching science; we love to help by brainstorming ideas. We strive to support your efforts to teach engaging and informative laboratory experiences. Additionally, we have been known to help judge science fairs, provide in-service workshops, and provide lectures. Please do not hesitate to contact us.
Science Outreach Personnel:
Dwight Kimberly is the Science Outreach Founder and Communitry Liaison. He has taught for over 40 years and was an Associate Professor of Biology at George Fox University from 1994 to 2011. In addition to serving through the Science Outreach Program, he assists the GFU Biology and Chemistry Department by continuing to teach as an adjunct professor. Dwight earned the Carnegie Foundation's Oregon Professor of the Year award in 2000. He enjoys helping teachers implement new ideas for teaching hands-on science.
We maintain an email contact list. If you would like to be on our list to receive updated Youth Science Classes flyers, please send your contact information to _EMAIL_.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Probability distributions in SciPy
Here are some notes on how to work with probability distributions using the SciPy numerical library for Python.
Functions related to probability distributions are located in scipy.stats. The general pattern is
scipy.stats..
There are 81 supported continuous distribution families and 12 discrete distribution families. Some distributions have obvious names: gamma, cauchy, t, f, etc. The only possible surprise is that all distributions begin with a lower-case letter, even those corresponding to a proper name (e.g. Cauchy). Other distribution names are less obvious: expon for the exponential, chi2 for chi-squared distribution, etc.
Each distribution supports several functions. The density and cumulative distribution functions are pdf and cdf respectively. (Discrete distributions use pmf rather than pdf.) One surprise here is that the inverse CDF function is called ppf for "percentage point function." I'd never heard that terminology and would have expected something like "quantile."
Example: scipy.stats.beta.cdf(0.1, 2, 3) evaluates the CDF of a beta(2, 3) random variable at 0.1.
Random values are generated using rvs which takes an optional size argument. The size is set to 1 by default.
Example: scipy.stats.norm.rvs(2, 3) generates a random sample from a normal (Gaussian) random variable with mean 2 and standard deviation 3. The function call scipy.stats.norm.rvs(2, 3, size = 10) returns an array of 10 samples from the same distribution.
The command line help() facility does not document the distribution parameterizations, but the external documentation does. Most distributions are parameterized in terms of location and scale. This means, for example, that the exponential distribution is parameterized in terms of its mean, not its rate. Somewhat surprisingly, the exponential distribution has a location parameter. This means, for example, that scipy.stats.expon.pdf(x, 7) evaluates at x the PDF of an exponential distribution with location 7. This is not what I expected. I assumed there would be no location parameter and that the second argument, 7, would be the mean (scale). Instead, the location was set to 7 and the scale was left at its default value 1. Writing scipy.stats.expon.pdf(x, scale=7) would have given the expected result because the default location value is 0.
SciPy also provides constructors for objects representing random variables.
Example: x = scipy.stats.norm(3, 1); x.cdf(2.7) returns the same value as scipy.stats.norm.cdf(2.7, 3, 1).
Constructing objects representing random variables encapsulates the differences between distributions in the constructors. For example, some distributions take more parameters than others and so their object constructors require more arguments. But once a distribution object is created, its PDF, for example, can be called with a single argument. This makes it easier to write code that takes a general distribution object as an argument.
Related posts:
Numerical computing in IronPython with IronClad
Stand-alone error function erf(x)
11 thoughts on "Probability distributions in SciPy
 1. The python help() facility does not do the right thing (not sure why) but ipython does:
 In [4]: scipy.stats.norm?
 gives the same as the html docs.
 2. A good step in the right direction…
 It would be good John if you could expand more on certain use cases. i.e. if one have a sample space of X as list [], then what steps one should take to calculate the mean and standard deviation.
 From that moment onwards, your article provides a clear way forward to get PDF/CDF probabilities..
 3. Omer: If you just want to compute sample mean and sample standard deviation, you could use the functions scipy.stats.mean and scipy.stats.std. But if you want to fit parameters for non-normal distributions, look at the fit method on the distribution you're using to describe your data.
 4. If I understood correct; scipy.stats.mean and scipy.stats.std will be sample's mean and standard deviation but this is not normal distribution yet. right? Because in your examples you are referring to scipy.stats.norm.*?
 I suppose normal-distribution mean/std.deviation could be calculated through these functions: scipy.stats.norm.mean and scipy.stats.norm.std.
 Probably it would be best I guess to first fit the sample set to a distribution and get a mean/std.deviation for it. If this could be the right approach then, would fit function will return a distribution type object which one can use for mean, std and probability?
 5. Actually, I just realized what is going on with python help(). The distributions are class instances, and their docstrings are updated at import time to be instance-specific. IPython is smart enough to then do the right thing, the Python interpreter is not – it just displays the class docstring.
 6. Omer: You can calculate the sample mean and sample variance no matter what distribution your data comes from. However, if your data comes from a normal distribution, the sample mean and sample variance are the best estimators for the population parameters in a technical sense.
 Does it look like your data follow a normal distribution? If not, what kind of distribution do they follow? That seems to be the first thing to settle. If you have questions as to the appropriate distribution for your data, perhaps we should continue this discussion via email. See the "About" tab at the top for my contact info.
 7. I've been meaning to see how stat packages organize their distribution families. I thought it would be exactly this, but didn't want to be hasty. Thanks so much, now I know the right way to proceed in my application!
 8. Thanks for the quick tutorial!
 What if I would like to generate a distribution from data?
 I have a plot, number of particles vs energy. I would like to get the pdf, cdf and ppf out of it. How would you do that?
 9. Fitting a distribution to data is a more subtle question. First of all, you have to decide exactly what you mean. Do you want to what well-known distribution fits your data? (See this post.) That's somewhat of a historical question because it's limiting the search to distributions that other people have given names to. Why should your data have such a distribution?
 If you want to be more empirical about fitting your data, you have to decide how much smoothing you want. If you do no smoothing, then the histogram of your data is the PDF, and it's cumulative sum is the CDF. But that's not usually what people have in mind. "Kernel smoothing" is the technical term for fitting a smooth density to data.
 In any case, you have choices to make, so it's not as simple as finding "the" PDF.
 10. Dear John, thank you so much for your comments. I would like to clarify my question
 My data consists of electron counts vs energy, that is n(E). It is a smooth distribution already, but not feasible for any well-known distribution. In fact, the pdf is actually:
 pdf = n(E) / N (N the integral of n(E) in the whole region)
 Now, I should run some simulations, so I need to generate m particles in such a distribution.
 The problem is that I can't use 'scipy.distribution.rvs()', since that distribution is not included.
 Would you have any thoughts on how to proceed?
Comments are closed.


text:
1. _______, a form of discrimination, occurs when an unqualified man receives a promotion rather than a
qualified female applicant.
A. Disparate impact
B. Desperate measures
C. Minority impact
D. Disparate treatment
2. On the basis of analysis of historical sales, gross margins, turnover, the sizes of product packaging for
each SKU, and the retailer's design criteria, a software can determines the optimal shelf space and location
for each SKU. This describes the process of creating an effective
A. placement plan.
B. merchandise plan.
C. allocation plan.
3. Mercer was getting bored with his job as a sales clerk in the home department until his manager gave
him responsibility for training a new salesperson in his area which he likes to do. This is an example of
A. the unity of command principle.
B. an extrinsic reward.
C. an intrinsic reward.
D. management by objective.
4. Clarissa's department had the worst sales performance in months. She was confident that she had quality
merchandise and satisfied employees, so she should concentrate her efforts on
A. autocratic behaviors.
B. hiring mature employees.
C. task performance behaviors.
D. group maintenance behaviors.
5. The difference between the service aspect and the merchandise aspect of the retail offering is _______
caused by intangibility of service.


what are the difference between haveli bungalow
I think both are similar to each other.
And Bungalow is the modern name of Haveli.
 - 0
actually even i thought, but the teacher asked us 2 define us!!!!!!!!!!
 - 0
What's the difference between the life of a kid living in a haveli and a kid living in a bungalow?
 - -1
Havelis are multi storey buildings in which a number of people lived while colonial bungalows were single storey meant for nuclear families. Havelis are very large spreaded over to about 100 acres while colonial bungalows are spread to 1 or 2 acres only.
 - 0
 Bungalows in the Inman Parkneighbourhood of Atlanta, Georgia, United States.
Neighbourhoods of only bungalows offer more privacy than similar neighbourhoods with two-story houses
Havelis were large, walled compounds with mansions, courtyards and fountains where as colonial bungalow where large single storied structure with a pitched roof, and usually set in one or two acres of open ground.
 - 1
No difference
 - 1
What are you looking for?


Black walnut twig reveals pithy chambers
John Nelson
Guest columnist
Black walnut twigs feature unusual chambers.

 Although we've had some warm weather, it's still winter. But as a tease, paper-whites are opening up in the yard, and red maples are already showing their bright flowers.
Fragrant Daphnes and a few withering winter-sweets are scattered around the neighborhood, and this afternoon we had a brilliant yellow crocus near the bird-bath. Here and there, the swelling bud of a daffodil. This is about the time I start getting serious cabin-fever, and longing for the spring, which is still a good 6 or 7 weeks off, I guess.

John Nelson

Meanwhile, there's plenty of interesting botany. For instance, our taxonomy class is still studying winter twigs. You might not think that twigs are interesting, until you settle down and start examining them closely.
This is the twig of an eastern North American deciduous tree, black walnut, Juglans nigra.
It occurs naturally from southern Ontario west to Iowa, and then broadly distributed all the way to northern Florida, preferring rich woods and floodplains. The buds of the twig are a bit odd, in being "naked," or without prominent scales. The buds themselves are somewhat velvety and gray, equipped with lots of soft hairs. Leaf scars, indicating where last year's leaf was attached to the twig, are three-lobed.
Perhaps the most significant thing about this twig is that its inner pith, right in the middle, and revealed with a sharp knife (be careful), is what we call "chambered," with a series of disk-like, spongy segments separated by discrete air chambers. Not many twigs have this feature; the pith of most twigs is termed "continuous," that is, not divided into little chambers.
Otherwise, this is an easily identified tree. It has roughly checkered, dark bark. The trees are highly prized for their beautifully-grained wood, which is a somewhat "classic" source of fine veneer, cabinetry, and gunstocks, and which darkens somewhat as it ages. The wood is so highly prized that there have been instances of illicit harvest, or "tree rustling," for it.
The tree's foliage is strongly and pleasantly aromatic, and each leaf is compound, with 12-20 or so tear-shaped leaflets along the central, elongated midrib. Male flowers occur in elongated, scaly catkins in the spring, while the tiny female flowers occur in small clusters. Each developing fruit swells into a lemon-sized, nut-like structure, surrounded by a thick husk.
By the middle of the summer, the fruit may be up to 3" in diameter, with a hard, lime-green skin. By the way, the genus name of this species, and its various relatives, refers to this massive nut-like structure, translating into the name "Jove's nut." The skin of the developing fruit is fragrant, yielding a marvelous lemony-spicy fragrance when scratched.
By late autumn, the fruits will turn dark, nearly black, and then fall. Go ahead and gather a basketful…there is a delicious kernel inside, but available only after getting through the husk.
Put your gloves on to do this, as the husk is capable of dark stains. The kernel resides within a hard shell, but that can be cracked open, and then the sweet, nutritious meat can be picked out.
John Nelson is the curator of the A. C. Moore Herbarium at the University of South Carolina, in the Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia SC 29208. As a public service, the Herbarium offers free plant identifications. For more information, visit _URL_ or call _PHONE_, or email _EMAIL_.


text:
Question 1. Let $R$ be a polynomial ring over a field $k$. Assume that $R$ is graded in the usual way (i.e., each variable has degree $1$). Let $I$ and $J$ be two ideals of $R$ such that $I$ is generated in degree $\leq a$ (that is, there is a set of generators of $I$ that have degrees $\leq a$) and $J$ is generated in degree $\leq b$. Is it true that the ideal $I \cap J$ is generated in degree $\leq a+b$?
When $R$ is a univariate polynomial ring, this is simply claiming that the lcm of two polynomials of degrees $\leq a$ and $\leq b$ is a polynomial of degree $\leq a+b$; of course this is correct. But this kind of logic does not generalize to more variables. (It is easy to see that Question 1 has a positive answer when $I$ and $J$ are monomial ideals.)
If true, Question 1 would give a new (inductive) proof for the following theorem (part of the Subspace arrangement theorem of Derksen and Sidman -- see Theorem 2.1 in their A sharp bound for the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of subspace arrangements, arXiv:math/0109035v1):
Theorem 2. Let $R$ be a polynomial ring over a field $k$. Assume that $R$ is graded in the usual way (i.e., each variable has degree $1$). Let $I_1, I_2, \ldots, I_t$ be $t$ homogeneous ideals of $R$ that are all generated in degree $1$ (that is, each $I_i$ has the form $I_i = V_i R$ for some $k$-vector subspace $V_i$ of the degree-$1$ homogeneous component of $R$). Then, the ideal $I_1 \cap I_2 \cap \cdots \cap I_t$ is generated in degree $\leq t$.
Some more questions suggest themselves:
Question 3. (If the answer to Question 1 is negative:) Does the answer to Question 1 become positive if we replace "ideal" by "homogeneous ideal"?
(This would still be enough to reprove Theorem 2.)
Truth be told, I'm less interested in the polynomial case than I am in the exterior algebra case:
Question 4. What if we replace the polynomial ring by an exterior algebra?
(You can assume $k$ has characteristic $0$ for simplicity.)
Finally, if all these questions have negative answers, here is what I am really looking for:
Question 5. Is there an elementary proof of the analogue of Theorem 2 for exterior algebras (which is part of Theorem 9 in Francesca Gandini, Degree bounds for invariant skew polynomials, arXiv:2108.01767v1)?
"Elementary" means no use of nontrivial commutative algebra for me (I'm actually fine with Schur functors, although I have a hunch that they too can be avoided).
I'm putting the invariant theory tag on this question because the ultimate use of Question 5 is in Francesca Gandini's proof of the analogue of the Noether bound for the exterior algebra, which I have asked about in Noether's bound for anticommutative invariant theory (diff. forms instead of polynomials)? and am now trying to understand...


text:
In Team Cherry's Hollow Knight, there are a lot of areas with their own kinds of enemies. One of these areas is The Hive.
Under Kingdom's Edge is a large community of bees called The Hive. The Hive is built from brown and translucent honey-like materials. In addition, the architecture in the area follows a hexagonal shape just like honeycombs.
In The Hive, the Knight will encounter different kinds of enemies: Hivelings, Hive Soldiers, Hive Husks, Hive Guardians, and the Hive Knight who is the optional boss of the area.
In this area, the Knight can also encounter and obtain a lot of items: ten Geo Deposits (with two only reachable by entering the north entrance), two Grubs (with one only reachable by entering the north entrance), a Mask Shard, a Whispering Root with 20 essences, and the Hiveblood Charm which you can only obtain after defeating the Hive Knight.
Reach The Hive
Before being able to reach The Hive, the Knight must first obtain the Tram Pass, which can be found in the wreck of a tram in the Failed Tramway in Deepnest, to access Kingdom's Edge.
After obtaining the Tram Pass, this is what the Knight must do:
- From Deepnest or Ancient Basin, enter the Tram and interact with the glowing button in the rightmost part of the Tram (if you start from Deepnest, interact with the glowing button twice to reach Kingdom's Edge).
- Next, exit the Tram and proceed to the right where you'll encounter spike pits, which you can easily jump and dash over
- Continue to the right until you reach a wall and two Hivelings. Kill the Hivelings then with the Soul gained from killing them, cast the Vengeful Spirit/Shade Soul Spell on the wall to break it and reveal a pathway (going up the wall and exiting above leads to Kingdom's Edge).
Once in The Hive, the Knight can open a path that can help access the further depths of The Hive. Just continue on the path of the area until you reach this part of the map:
Then, there will be a breakable wall that leads back to Kingdom's Edge.
Additionally, there is another entrance to The Hive but this time it is an isolated part of The Hive which contains a Grub and Geo Deposits. This entrance can be found just before entering Kingdom's Edge's central cliff. You will find a few more stray Hivelings and a breakable floor (exactly before the entrance to the central cliff). Then, this pathway is filled with pools of acid


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Candace Lorcet
Student Instructions
Stable or unstable? That is the question.
1. Tap the add add button. 2. Upload a file of a picture of a person in an action shot from any sport you choose (preferably one where they are touching the ground). 3. Use the label label and drawing drawing tools to add 3 labels to your picture showing the Centre of Gravity (COG) of the individual, their Base of Support (BOS) and the Line of Gravity (LOG). 4. Then use the mic microphone to explain whether the person is stable or unstable. Be sure to justify your answer by referring to COG, LOG and BOS. 4. Tap check check to add to your portfolio. See an example below.
11th Grade, 10th Grade, 12th Grade, Physical Education, Science
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Next admission round:
- 15 months
Start of the program:
Level of entry:
Presentation: Master of Fashion Styling & Portfolio
The founder Giulio Marangoni founded the Istituto Artistico dell'Abbigliamento Marangoni (Istituto Marangoni) with the objective of training professionals and technicians specializing in the field of fashion. Istituto Marangoni has never stopped believing in the value of training, constantly updating its programmes to ensure they are in line with Italian and international market needs.Istituto Marangoni has opened four new schools: London in 2003, Paris in 2006, Shanghai in 2013, and Milano Design in 2014. Istituto Marangoni now announces the opening of the new School of Fashion, Art & Design in Florence, scheduled for October 2016.
About the course:
The program is designed to advance the students advanced knowledge of the field of fashion styling and fashion photography and help them to develop a broad range of abilities promoting originality and autonomy while enabling them to respond to the changing needs of the fashion industry. The exhaustive study of existing and emerging technology in the contemporary fashion industry allows students to develop their skill at independent personal research of the student.
- cultural identity of styling
- fashion brand
- creative communication and experimentation
- creative visualization
- theory and practice
- research methods
Qualifications/expertise after completing the program
- understand the relationship between the theory of photography, its practice.
- learn to create images with Photoshop and multimedia.
- manage a photographic space and choose its location.
- create photoshoots with models and technical assistants.
- analyse and describe fashion photographs and their cultural context.
- Bachelors Degree in Fashion, Design, art or similar subjects.
- non-native English speakers need to provide a copy of the official English language certificate: the English language test score should be at least upper B2 at CEFR level - IELTS overall score of 6.5 with no elements below 5.5.
After being accepted on the platform the student will be contacted in order to submit all of the below mentioned documents:
- Completed application form
- Copy of passport
- 2 passport-size photos
- Curriculum vitae
- Signed personal statement
- 2 reference letters
- Copy of a university diploma or school certificates with academic transcripts (for master course)
- Notarized photocopy of a graduation diploma and academic transcripts (must be equivalent to a UK bachelor degree) and their official translation in English, if in a language different than English (for the master's degree courses at the London and Paris schools)
- Portfolio (where requested)
Other application costs:
- Non - EU: 24000 €
- Enrollment Fee: 5500 €


text:
Motivation: Most methods for reconstructing response networks from high throughput data generate static models which cannot distinguish between early and late response stages.
Results: We present TimePath, a new method that integrates time series and static datasets to reconstruct dynamic models of host response to stimulus. TimePath uses an Integer Programming formulation to select a subset of pathways that, together, explain the observed dynamic responses. Applying TimePath to study human response to HIV-1 led to accurate reconstruction of several known regulatory and signaling pathways and to novel mechanistic insights. We experimentally validated several of TimePaths' predictions highlighting the usefulness of temporal models.
Availability and Implementation: Data, Supplementary text and the TimePath software are available from _URL_
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.


By definition, the cathode is defined as the terminal through which current exits a polarized device. But in the context of neuromodulation, such as spinal cord stimulation, deep brain stimulation, the "cathodic" pulse refers to a negative current pulse that elicits action potentials. A negative current is by definition a current flow that enters the electrode.
Can anyone explain where this terminology comes from and help me resolve this apparent contradiction? It's driven me mad for the past years.
The answer to your (excellent) question is a matter of definition, which has its roots in the 18th century.
A cathode is the electrode where conventional positive current leaves a current source. Conventional current is positive, due to historic reasons. Around 1750, Benjamin Franklin described the flow of current between wool and wax after electrostatically charging the former. He defined the flow of current as being positive, flowing from the surplus side (which he defined as positive) to the current sink (defined as negative). This unfortunate choice is sometimes referred to as the Franklinian approach to electricity, and is still widely used today to describe electronic circuits and referred to as the conventional flow notation (Fig. 1) (Efron, 1960).
conventional flow
Fig. 1. Franklinian approach: the conventional flow of current still in use today for electronic circuits. Source: All about circuits.
The electrical current was only later found to consist of negatively charged particles, namely electrons. The work of Luigi Galvani on electrical stimulation in frog muscles around 1780 and the invention of the electric battery by Alessandro Volta in 1800 eventually led to the discovery of the electron in 1897, attributed to J.J. Thomson and his work on cathode rays shown in Fig. 2. As the figure shows, the true flow of electrical current is the reverse, namely an electron current flowing from from negative to positive. In the meantime, however, the convention of positive current flowing from the positive pole (cathode) to the negative (anode) was already established. Note that this holds for a discharging device. In a charging device, such as the battery, the cathode is negative, and the anode is regarded as positive.
enter image description here
Fig. 2. Cathode ray showing electron flow. Source: TutorVista
Hence, in a stimulating (discharging) device, the cathode is in truth negative, because it is the source of negative current (electrons). Cathodic stimulation therefore means electrical stimulation with a negative current. A cathodic pulse is therefore injection of a negative current pulse.
- Efron. Chapman & Hall London, Rider Publisher New York (1960)
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ Thanks for this _USER_. You write that the positive pole is the anode, is this a typo (in all my electronics courses, confirmed by Wikipedia, the cathode is the positive terminal)?. I do however understand what you mean. This leaves me to assume that in biology or neuromodulation, the cathode is defined as the terminal through which the "charge" leaves the device? In this case it would indeed be the negative terminal. So basically, in electronics we still use the conventional definition of current flow, whereas in biology we use a more accurate, charge based definition? $\endgroup$ – Moppentapper Jan 13 '16 at 0:47
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ No worries, and yes, it was a typo - and corrected. And yes, your comments are correct. In Bio the'real' situation is used, because it is important to know what really happens in a prep; negative current has often opposite effects over anodic stimulation. $\endgroup$ – AliceD Jan 19 '16 at 9:54
 - $\begingroup$ Excellent _USER_ thanks so much. It's incredible how simple things are made confusing when different conventions are used! $\endgroup$ – Moppentapper Jan 19 '16 at 10:23
Your Answer


How to Set up Voicemail on Vodacom South Africa
Are you looking for information on how to set up voicemail on Vodacom South Africa? If yes, then you have come to the right place. Activating voicemail on Vodacom is something that everyone on the network needs to do. It gives people the opportunity to leave you voice messages in the event that you are not able to answer your phone. The messages are stored by Vodacom and can be retrieved at your convenience. Below is how to activate voicemail on Vodacom South Africa. This article has the following sections;
 1. How to activate Vodacom voicemail.
 2. How to check voicemail on Vodacom.
Vodacom Voicemail activation steps
The following are the steps to set up voicemail on Vodacom in South Africa;
 1. First, you need to dial 132 on your Vodacom phone.
 2. The first time that you dial 132, you will be directed to activate your Voicemail.
 3. Next, you can proceed to setup various option in your Voicemail box.
 4. To do that, dial 132.
 5. From there, choose option 2. That's the option to change your mailbox settings.
 6. Next, choose option 3 for changing your Voicemail box notifications.
 7. There are several options here. Follow the prompts that you get to set up your phone for voicemail.
 8. Once the facility has been activated on your phone, you will get and SMS whenever someone leaves you a voicemail message.
Why is voicemail important?
Voicemail can be important, particularly for the hyper busy. Perhaps you are in a meeting and have turned off your phone. Or maybe you have gone off the beaten path and are just not available. Whatever your reasons for being off the grid, voicemail activation on Vodacom allows people to leave you messages whenever your phone cannot be reached.
You will get an SMS notifying you that somebody has left you a voicemail. You can then check the voicemail message using the code for doing so.
Anyway, those are the steps for activating voicemail on South Africa's largest mobile communications network. The process is really easy. And the facility brings you a lot of convenience. One possible issue is that not many people around the country are used to leaving people voicemail messages.
So, you may find after a while that your voicemail inbox is still empty. It's probably a cultural issue. People are just not used to the practice. But activation of Voicemail is easy and can be a life saver.
Can I personalize my voicemail greeting?
Yes, this is something that you can do during the process of getting set up. Most people like to leave a personalized voicemail message. Something like; "Hello! This is John! I am not around right now, so please leave a message after the tone. So, if you have been dying to get a personalized message like that on your phone, now is your chance!
Check out our article on how to check voicemail messages on Vodacom in South Africa. Also check out our article on how to borrow Vodacom South African airtime.
4 thoughts on "How to Set up Voicemail on Vodacom South Africa"
 1. Trying to setup my voicemail with Vodacom on my Samsung phone by dialing 133. Response "The number does not exist.
 1. Hi James. Thanks for the heads-up. We have now updated the article after reaching out to Vodacom. Apparently, the 133 bit is for Lesotho but it's on the Vodacom South Africa website. Hence the confusion.
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Winberg Oscar
Oscar Winberg is a PhD Candidate at the History Department of Åbo Akademi University, working on modern American political history. Winberg's research focuses on the intersection of entertainment and politics. His dissertation is a political history of the television sitcom All in the Family, the first comprehensive study of how the most popular show on television in the 1970s became a part of the political battles of the decade. Winberg is a part of a research project, organized by the John Morton Center for North American Studies at the University of Turku, on the 2016 United States presidential election. His research interests include American political history, especially the history of conservatism, corporate political activism, the politics of television, and conservatism in post-war swedish-speaking Finland.


Detecting DTMF Tones From Scratch
9 thoughts on "Detecting DTMF Tones From Scratch
 1. The Goertzel algorithm isn't as computationally complex as FFT
 Well, not exactly. If you need all the frequency bins, the FFT is the most efficient implementation. However, if you only need a small number of frequency bins (as in the case of DTMF detection), then the Goertzel algorithm can be computationally less intensive since you're not computing the entire spectrum.
 2. The second harmonic detection logic can be reserved for those times when a single row and a single column frequency have already been detected. It need not run all the time.
 As noted in the article, the 2nd harmonic check is used for rejecting voice signals. I like to turn that around and check that the DTMF frequency is not a second harmonic of a voice signal. In other words, rather than looking for 697 &&!1394, I look for 697 &!348.5Hz. It seems a little more robust.
 Another check that is frequently done is the "twist" test. If a row freq and a column freq are both present, their magnitudes need to be "close" to one another. If the twist test fails, there is no need to check the harmonic (or fundamental, as the case may be).
 Another trick to reduce average processing bandwidth is to run the three (or four, if desired) column frequency tests first, and then only run the row frequencies if only one of the columns was detected. If more than one were detected, you needn't do anymore work to reject the tone.
 Also… it might not be necessary to divide the result by 256 at the end, because you're not really interested in absolute magnitudes – only relative magnitudes. If both frequencies are scaled by the same number (256) then the relationship is unaltered.
 Yeah… I've done a bit of DTMF detection with Mr Goertzel's algorithm in the past.
 3. wouldn't a simpler solution just involve an FM tuner, some ttl and a demux? DTMF is just 7 (or really 8) harmonic formants, right? so tune at all four row frequencies, and return the column/row that matches with one of the 16 (12) known tones. what am i missing?
 4. On the microcontroller board there are white blocks holding wires. Where can I buy those at?
 I've got a rs232 to usb which has pins but I need some way to attach wires to that without soldering them. In addition, attach wires to the jumper block of a 2.5 inch laptop hard drive.
 5. I myself would stick with a simple 75T202/203 and interface to a processor freeing the processor to do other things.
 But its kinda neat to see what can be done if there were not cheap decoders already on the market.
 6. hey Debraj,
 anychance you could implement this into arduino code. I took a look at your code, but it is certainly way over my head. At least in terms of porting it to an arduino. I would very much appreciate it if you could take a whack at it. Impressive work, btw.
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Blundering into the One Definition Rule
A frequently cited rule in the C++ standard is the One Definition Rule (ODR), whereby any unit, template, type, function, or object can have no more than one definition. In this article, I'll show you how I inadvertently blundered into an ODR problem, found my way out, and uncovered a deeper truth about the language standard.
This story starts with a very mundane exercise in debugging using the Windows API function OutputDebugString(), an attempt to simplify my life, followed by a puzzle, and (eventually) enlightenment.
The Pain of OutputDebugString()
If you are a Windows programmer, you are probably familiar with OutputDebugString(). This function allows you to send unadorned strings to the debugger. If you are inside Visual Studio debugging your app, that usually means either your Output or Immediate window. This is useful, but what is even more handy is its use in conjunction with the nifty utility DebugView. DebugView registers with the OS as a collector of these messages and offers some nice filtering while highlighting features — I've been using it for what seems like decades, and still rely on it for help with tough problems. If you are a fan of printf() debugging, this is your tool.
Note that OutputDebugString() is not a general purpose logging tool — in fact, you generally want it removed from production code. It doesn't have the kind of flexibility needed for this purpose, anymore than fprintf() would.
As much as I use it, I have to say that OutputDebugString() really sucks in many respects. First, it only accepts a string as an argument. This means that for anything except the most trivial debugging scenarios, you are going to have to manually format your text using either something from the sprintf() family of C functions or the std::ostringstream class.
It's pretty hard to pull this off without generating an extra three or four lines of code, and then all that stuff needs to be cleaned up or removed when you are done. And the last thing you need when debugging a problem is a lot of extra work.
A Blueprint for Improvement
There are any number of ways to work around this problem. My solution comes about via a number of self-imposed constraints:
 - Using my debugging output facility should require inclusion of a header file — nothing more. No objects to be instantiated, nothing to be added to the class under test.
 - Creating and outputting a formatted debug message of arbitrary complexity should trend to always using just one line of code.
 - Because debugging code that introduces bugs is a bit problematic, the code should be immune to buffer overflows and similar issues.
Depending on your proclivities, your solution is often going to be one of these two:
 - Option One is your own creation along the lines of OutputDebugStringF(), taking a formatting string á la printf(). Programmers who still have C-blood pumping through their veins are going to tend to use this solution, and they can even take advantage of modern language features to eliminate many of the issues that crop up with printf() — no buffer overflows and even no type mismatches.
 - Option Two is a variation on class OutputDebugStream, which can be used to send text to the debugger using iostream formatting. This, of course, gives us immunity from buffer overflows, type safety in formatting, and a standard way to use formatting for user-defined types.
My Implementation
My personal choice is for an iostream-based solution. I am able to completely deploy this anywhere by including the single file below in the C++ code that wants to use it:
_TAG_ once
_TAG_
_TAG_
_TAG_ ODS_PREFIX
_TAG_ ODS_PREFIX "ODS: "
class ods {
 template
 friend ods& operator<<(ods& stream, const T& that);
public :
 m_stream << ODS_PREFIX << " ";
 m_stream << "\n";
 OutputDebugString( m_stream.str().c_str() );
protected :
 std::ostringstream m_stream;
 static ods createTempOds(){ return ods();}
template
 stream.m_stream << that;
 return stream;
_TAG_ ODS ods::createTempOds()
After including this header file in your C++ source, you can send any line you like to the debugger like this:
 ODS << "Value 1: " << val1 << ", Value 2: " << val2;
It's all very easy and the formatting is done using standard C++ rules, so there is no need to learn anything new.
Not shown is the code that you can use to turn this off in production systems: Not only can you prevent it from sending any code to the debugger, but you can easily make sure that the work done to format the data is skipped as well.
Implementation Notes
The core of this code is the ods class. This class contains an std::ostringstream object that accumulates all of the data that is being formatted in the single line for debug output. This member, m_stream, is initialized with a prefix that is defined in a macro, giving me the flexibility to change it in different source files, and making debug output easier to filter and search. When all of the data has been added to this object, it is sent out to the debugger by extracting the C string and passing it to OutputDebugString().
Getting this transaction to work properly depends on the C++ rules regarding temporary objects. The object that is collecting all the data is a temporary created by the ODS macro, which calls ods::createTempOds(). The temporary returned by this function is then the target of the insertion operator <<. Each of the following insertion operators add their data to the temporary object. Section 12.2 of the 1998 spec says this about the lifetime of temporaries:
"Temporary objects are destroyed as the last step in evaluating the full-expression (1.9) that (lexically) contains the point where they were created."
This is nice because it means that we can count on the ods destructor being invoked at the end of the expression — so OutputDebugString() will be called when we want it to be. If we weren't using a temporary, we couldn't reliably use the destructor to trigger output — it would be called when the object goes out of scope, which may occur later than we need.
One additional complication is that we are using the insertion operator on a user-defined type, ods, that doesn't have this by default. That problem is managed at the end of the header file with a very simple template function definition. Basically, it defines a generic insertion function that inserts the object you want printed into the m_stream object (which actually knows how to deal with it), returning a reference to itself so that the canonical chaining can occur.
This Is So Simple, Nothing Could Go Wrong
As a simple test of this, I created an app with two source files, main.cpp and sub.cpp:
_TAG_ "ods.h"
void sub();
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
 int foo = 15;
 ODS << "foo: " << 15;
 return 0;
_TAG_ ODS_PREFIX "sub.cpp: "
_TAG_ "ods.h"
_TAG_
void sub()
 ODS << "current time: " << time(NULL);
Note that in the file sub.cpp I used the preprocessor to define a different prefix string. This will allow me to easily flag lines that originate in this file. In main.cpp, the default prefix of ODS: will be used.
When I run this program, the debug window gives me the following output:
ODS: foo: 15
ODS: current time: _PHONE_
Whoops, something is wrong. The formatting is working, but the same prefix is used in both files. I expected the line with the current time to be prefixed with sub.cpp:. How did this fail?
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text:
Published Tue, Oct 23, 2012 10:08 am Dateline
It is reported that six out of 10 American youth witness some form of bullying everyday.
There are many measures being taken to prevent the bullying, including an effort close to home.
The Sisters of St. Joseph Charitable Fund in West Virginia awarded the Appalachian Peace and Justice Network $6,000 to fund 11 free bully prevention classes for Athens County elementary and middle Schools.
The classes will be part of The Second Step Bully Prevention program.
"Second Step teaches empathy, impulse control, anger management and problem solving. And the central idea is that if we have more empathy, more compassion for each other then we don't want to be in conflict with each other so it takes the cycle of violence and teaches the opposite," said Mara Giglio, director at the Appalachian Peace and Justice Network.
Giglio said the program uses different techniques in the classes from puppets for younger children to dance videos for older kids.
Giglio said she thinks the classes have a lot to offer.
"I think it's just powerful to be talking about it, to have a safe and respectful place to be explaining the issues. We have this opportunity to create new norms and to set new ways for how we want to treat each other in schools and in the community," said Giglio.


text:
Precision Agriculture in United Kingdom
British farmers using map based variable rate fertilizer
By Simon Thelwell, Eric Siqueiros and Trisha Toop, Harper Adams University
A 2018 internet survey of UK farmers by Harper Adams University (HAU) provides additional evidence that British farmers are among the leading users of map based variable rate technology (VRT) fertilizer. In that survey 48% of respondents indicated that they used VRT for fertilizer. Adoption data from elsewhere around the world shows that use of VRT fertilizer rarely exceeds 20% of farmers in a country or region.
Other statistics from the survey include:
- 63% of respondents use GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) autosteer
- 53% have GNSS sprayer boom control
- Only 15% use optical nitrogen sensors
The survey indicates that UK farmer prefer face-to-face training for precision agriculture technology, but they will use on-line electronic training materials if available. On average they would be willing to pay £278 (~US$339) annually for a subscription to on-line materials supported by web-chat or a hotline. Forty percent said that they would be willing to share their farm data in exchange for access to technical help.
The survey link was emailed out to thousands of farmers on several commercially available farm mailing lists. One hundred and eighty six farmers responded. The average farm size of respondents is 506 ha, which is substantially larger than the UK average. For further information please contact Eric Siqueiros at: _EMAIL_


text:
Website Content Contributions
Introduction to Equilibrium Thermodynamics: Salt Dissolution part of Cutting Edge:Courses:Geochemistry:Activities
Students dissolve simple salts, halite and sylvite, in water at different temperatures and explore the thermodynamics of this simple system to build a foundation for further studies.
Geochemistry all around us part of Cutting Edge:Geochemistry:Activities
We look at a variety of natural waters in and around Appleton over the course of the term. The goal is for students to recognize differences and how those play into the topics we have covered in the course.


11 Trending Words of 2014
[dringk] /drɪŋk/
verb (used without object), drank or (Nonstandard) drunk, drunk or, often drank, drinking.
to take water or other liquid into the mouth and swallow it; imbibe.
to imbibe alcoholic drinks, especially habitually or to excess; tipple:
He never drinks. They won't find jobs until they stop drinking.
to show one's respect, affection, or hopes with regard to a person, thing, or event by ceremoniously taking a swallow of wine or some other drink (often followed by to):
They drank to his victory.
to be savored or enjoyed by drinking:
a wine that will drink deliciously for many years.
verb (used with object), drank or (Nonstandard) drunk, drunk or, often drank, drinking.
to take (a liquid) into the mouth and swallow.
to take in (a liquid) in any manner; absorb.
to take in through the senses, especially with eagerness and pleasure (often followed by in):
He drank in the beauty of the scene.
to swallow the contents of (a cup, glass, etc.).
to propose or participate in a toast to (a person, thing, or event):
to drink one's health.
any liquid that is swallowed to quench thirst, for nourishment, etc.; beverage.
liquor; alcohol.
excessive indulgence in alcohol:
Drink was his downfall.
a swallow or draft of liquid; potion:
She took a drink of water before she spoke.
Informal. a large body of water, as a lake, ocean, river, etc. (usually preceded by the):
His teammates threw him in the drink.
before 900; Middle English drinken, Old English drincan; cognate with Dutch drinken, German trinken, Gothic drinkan, Old Norse drekka
Related forms
outdrink, verb (used with object), outdrank or (Nonstandard) outdrunk; outdrunk or, often outdrank; outdrinking.
overdrink, verb (used with object), overdrank or (Nonstandard) overdrunk; overdrunk or, often overdrank; overdrinking.
2. tope. 5. quaff. Drink, imbibe, sip refer to swallowing liquids. Drink is the general word: to drink coffee. Imbibe is formal in reference to actual drinking; it is used more often in the sense to absorb: to imbibe culture. Sip implies drinking little by little: to sip a cup of broth. 9. toast.
Usage note
As with many verbs of the pattern sing, sang, sung and ring, rang, rung, there is some confusion about the forms for the past tense and past participle of drink. The historical reason for this confusion is that originally verbs of this class in Old English had a past-tense singular form in a but a past-tense plural form in u. Generally the form in a has leveled out to become the standard past-tense form: We drank our coffee. However, the past-tense form in u, though considered nonstandard, occurs often in speech: We drunk our coffee.
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British Dictionary definitions for outdrink
verb drinks, drinking, drank (dræŋk), drunk (drʌŋk)
to swallow (a liquid); imbibe
(transitive) to take in or soak up (liquid); absorb: this plant drinks a lot of water
(transitive) usually foll by in. to pay close attention (to); be fascinated (by): he drank in the speaker's every word
(transitive) to bring (oneself into a certain condition) by consuming alcohol
(transitive) often foll by away. to dispose of or ruin by excessive expenditure on alcohol: he drank away his fortune
(intransitive) to consume alcohol, esp to excess
when intr, foll by to. to drink (a toast) in celebration, honour, or hope (of)
drink someone under the table, to be able to drink more intoxicating beverage than someone
drink the health of, to salute or celebrate with a toast
(Austral, informal) drink with the flies, to drink alone
liquid suitable for drinking; any beverage
alcohol or its habitual or excessive consumption
a portion of liquid for drinking; draught
(informal) the drink, the sea
Derived Forms
drinkable, adjective
Word Origin
Old English drincan; related to Old Frisian drinka, Gothic drigkan, Old High German trinkan
Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition
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Word Origin and History for outdrink
Old English drincan "to drink," also "to swallow up, engulf" (class III strong verb; past tense dranc, past participle druncen), from Proto-Germanic *drengkan (cf. Old Saxon drinkan, Old Frisian drinka, Dutch drinken, Old High German trinkan, German trinken, Old Norse drekka, Gothic drigkan "to drink"), of uncertain origin, perhaps from a root meaning "to draw." Not found outside Germanic.
Most Indo-European words for this trace to PIE *po(i)- (cf. Greek pino, Latin biber, Irish ibim, Old Church Slavonic piti, Russian pit'; see imbibe).
The noun meaning "beverage, alcoholic beverage" was in late Old English.
The noun, AS. drinc, would normally have given southern drinch (cf. drench), but has been influenced by the verb. [Weekley]
To drink like a fish is first recorded 1747.
Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper
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Slang definitions & phrases for outdrink
Related Terms
the big drink
Copyright (C) 2007 by HarperCollins Publishers.
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outdrink in the Bible
The drinks of the Hebrews were water, wine, "strong drink," and vinegar. Their drinking vessels were the cup, goblet or "basin," the "cruse" or pitcher, and the saucer. To drink water by measure (Ezek. 4:11), and to buy water to drink (Lam. 5:4), denote great scarcity. To drink blood means to be satiated with slaughter. The Jews carefully strained their drinks through a sieve, through fear of violating the law of Lev. 11:20, 23, 41, 42. (See Matt. 23:24. "Strain at" should be "strain out.")
Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary
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Idioms and Phrases with outdrink
The American Heritage® Idioms Dictionary
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text:
Astral DrainMaster is a uPVC conventional drainage system for soil, waste and rain water. This system enables fast and efficient removal of waste without blockage and leakage. Its high impact strength, chemical and corrosion resistance ensures long life and virtually zero maintenance. Astral DrainMaster system is a preferred drainage and rain water system among architects, builders and plumbing contractors. The state-of-the-art machineries and virgin raw materials are used to produce Astral DrainMaster SWR system.
Astral DrainMaster Type A pipes are recommended for application in ventilation and rain water, while Type B pipes are recommended for soil and discharge.


How to generate 15 digit random number using scala?
Member
by hadley , in category: Other , 8 months ago
How to generate 15 digit random number using scala?
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2 answers
Member
by kavon , 8 months ago
@hadley
You can generate a 15-digit random number in Scala by combining the Random class with some string manipulation. Here's an example:
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import scala.util.Random
val random = new Random()
val number = random.nextLong().abs.toString.take(15)
In this code, we first create a new instance of the Random class. Then we generate a random Long number using the nextLong() method. We take the absolute value of the number to ensure it's positive.
After that, we can convert the number to a string using toString(). Finally, we use the take(15) method to extract the first 15 digits from the string.
by lea_kunde , 2 months ago
@hadley
An alternative solution would be generating the random number with tail recursion for better performance and control over the length.
Here's the code snippet:
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import scala.util.Random
def generateRandomNumber(length: Int, acc: String = ""): String = {
 if (length == 0) acc
 else {
 val randomDigit = Random.nextInt(10)
 generateRandomNumber(length - 1, acc + randomDigit)
 }
}
val fifteenDigitNumber = generateRandomNumber(15)
println(fifteenDigitNumber)
In this code, we define a function generateRandomNumber that takes the required length of the random number as an argument. The function is a tail-recursive function that generates random digits one by one using Random.nextInt(10) and concatenates them to the accumulator acc. The recursion stops when the desired length is reached, and the final 15-digit random number is returned as a string.
Feel free to modify the length parameter in the generateRandomNumber function to generate random numbers of different lengths.


text:
One of the mysteries of the English language finally explained.
- 'The faunal remains from this deposit are distinctive.'
- 'However, faunal change was already well under way.'
- 'This Himalayan region abounds in faunal beauty and there are hosts of parks and wildlife sanctuaries in the whole of Sikkim.'
- 'Floral, faunal and human motifs are common objects in the paintings.'
- 'Despite these potential difficulties, these samples are the highest-quality and most comparable faunal lists available.'
Top tips for CV writingRead more
In this article we explore how to impress employers with a spot-on CV.


text:
The James River was the main waterway of Colonial Virginia, used for commerce and transportation. The influential planters built their stately homes near this river and her tributaries. The earliest towns were founded on her shores.
We have a map, at the right, (also found at _URL_ that shows the path of the James. When you view this map, you will instantly see why the tributaries of the James were called "curles" -- they scrolled and twisted across the landscape.
The legend on the map says 'Map of the Curles of the James in Henrico County, Virginia with Jordans, Cockes and Related Familes.' We will be collecting and researching the profiles belonging to these related famiies:
Families include (but not limited to)
Plantations include (but not limited to)
- Berkeley Hundred


text:
= open('save.dat', 'w') results.write(pwd) results.close() print() print(FColor.BLUE + 'Sign Up Complete!') elif(choice == '2'): try: with open('save.dat', 'r') as file: for line in file: line = line.replace('\n', '') print() if(pwd == line): print(FColor.GREEN + "Correct Password") else: print(FColor.RED + f'Incorrect Password') except: print(FColor.RED + "Couldn't read file'save.dat'")
Here's the result of running your code:
Woohoo! You have successfully created a secure password system! You can use this to create secure login pages and sign up pages without ever getting hacked!
If you want to take this project even further, here are a few examples of ways you can do so:
- This example prints out the hashed password in both byte format and string format for you to see and compare!
- This example stores the hashed password using a different hash algorithm (md5) and a custom salt!
- This example takes this workshop to the next level, using repl.it's database system, repldb. It stores the hashed passwords, using the username as a key. Then, a user can sign into their account, but only with the correct password.


text:
Writer: John Hoggarth
Director: Trevor MacFarlane
Reviewer: Dave Cunningham
'The Water Still Remains' is a community-led project organised by the Lowry Theatre as part of their 10th Anniversary Local Heritage Project. Ambitiously it explores the history of the former docklands in which the theatre is located and acts as a practical demonstration of community participation.
The latter, however, results in some distortions as the need to give each member of the 34-strong cast something to do and say generates a script that is over-long and too wordy. The script, by John Hoggarth, is inspired by the recollections and memories of people who lived and worked in the docklands area. It takes us from the development of the
that facilitated the birth of the Manchester Docks through to the growth of containerisation that resulted in their closure. In-between are more intimate tales of children in 1950's Ordsall and a courting couple in the 1960s. Hoggarth conveys a great amount of detail in an economical manner but struggles to create a sense of time or place. The more personal stories lack originality and could have taken place anywhere. The writer occasionally resorts to listing street names and local landmarks to generate audience recognition. Manchester Ship Canal
Trevor MacFarlane directs with sympathy and imagination. The enthusiasm of the large cast is channelled into energetic sequences that ensure statistical information is communicated without slowing the pace of the play and that even the less-confident members of the cast are audible. The action of the play spills from the stage with workers constructing the Ship Canal in the aisles of the theatre and boxes being used to represent cargo and to build the walls of the canal.
It is hard, however, to decide the purpose of the play. The issuing of a four-page questionnaire asking about the extent to which audience perceptions of The Lowry and Salford Quays have been changed by the play gives the impression of a marketing exercise as much as an evening's entertainment.
The Water Still Remains is at the Lowry in Manchester on 25th and 26th February 2011


Source code for SNP
import types
import configuration as conf
from pyGenoObjectBases import *
import rabaDB.fields as rf
# from tools import UsefulFunctions as uf
"""General guidelines for SNP classes:
-All classes must inherit from SNP_INDEL
-All classes name must end with SNP
-A SNP_INDELs must have at least chromosomeNumber, setName, species, start and ref filled in order to be inserted into sequences
-User can define an alias for the alt field (snp_indel alleles) to indicate the default field from wich to extract alleles
[docs]def getSNPSetsList() : """Return the names of all imported snp sets""" import rabaDB.filters as rfilt f = rfilt.RabaQuery(SNPMaster) names = [] for g in f.iterRun() : names.append(g.setName) return names
[docs]class SNPMaster(Raba) : 'This object keeps track of SNP sets and their types' _raba_namespace = conf.pyGeno_RABA_NAMESPACE species = rf.Primitive() SNPType = rf.Primitive() setName = rf.Primitive() _raba_uniques = [('setName',)] def _curate(self) : self.species = self.species.lower() self.setName = self.setName.lower()
[docs]class SNP_INDEL(Raba) : "All SNPs should inherit from me. The name of the class must end with SNP" _raba_namespace = conf.pyGeno_RABA_NAMESPACE _raba_abstract = True # not saved in db species = rf.Primitive() setName = rf.Primitive() chromosomeNumber = rf.Primitive() start = rf.Primitive() end = rf.Primitive() ref = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ SNP_INDEL must have a field alt. This variable allows you to set an alias for it. Chamging the alias does not impact the schema altAlias = 'alt' def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) : pass def __getattribute__(self, k) : if k == 'alt' : cls = Raba.__getattribute__(self, '__class__') return Raba.__getattribute__(self, cls.altAlias) return Raba.__getattribute__(self, k) def __setattr__(self, k, v) : if k == 'alt' : cls = Raba.__getattribute__(self, '__class__') Raba.__setattr__(self, cls.altAlias, v) Raba.__setattr__(self, k, v) def _curate(self) : self.species = self.species.lower() _USER_ def ensureGlobalIndex(cls, fields) : cls.ensureIndex(fields) def __repr__(self) : return "%s> chr: %s, start: %s, end: %s, alt: %s, ref: %s" %(self.__class__.__name__, self.chromosomeNumber, self.start, self.end, self.alleles, self.ref)
[docs]class CasavaSNP(SNP_INDEL) : "A SNP of Casava" _raba_namespace = conf.pyGeno_RABA_NAMESPACE alleles = rf.Primitive() bcalls_used = rf.Primitive() bcalls_filt = rf.Primitive() QSNP = rf.Primitive() Qmax_gt = rf.Primitive() max_gt_poly_site = rf.Primitive() Qmax_gt_poly_site = rf.Primitive() A_used = rf.Primitive() C_used = rf.Primitive() G_used = rf.Primitive() T_used = rf.Primitive() altAlias = 'alleles'
[docs]class AgnosticSNP(SNP_INDEL) : """This is a generic SNPs/Indels format that you can easily make from the result of any SNP caller. AgnosticSNP files are tab delimited files such as: chromosomeNumber uniqueId start end ref alleles quality caller Y _PHONE_ _PHONE_ T AG 30 TopHat Y 2 _PHONE_ _PHONE_ - AG 28 TopHat Y 3 _PHONE_ _PHONE_ TT - 10 TopHat All positions must be 0 based The '-' indicates a deletion or an insertion. Collumn order has no importance. """ _raba_namespace = conf.pyGeno_RABA_NAMESPACE alleles = rf.Primitive() quality = rf.Primitive() caller = rf.Primitive() uniqueId = rf.Primitive() # polymorphism id altAlias = 'alleles' def __repr__(self) : return "AgnosticSNP> start: %s, end: %s, quality: %s, caller %s, alt: %s, ref: %s" %(self.start, self.end, self.quality, self.caller, self.alleles, self.ref)
[docs]class dbSNPSNP(SNP_INDEL) : "This class is for SNPs from dbSNP. Feel free to uncomment the fields that you need" _raba_namespace = conf.pyGeno_RABA_NAMESPACE # To add/remove a field comment/uncomentd it. Beware, adding or removing a field results in a significant overhead the first time you relaunch pyGeno. You may have to delete and reimport some snps sets. #####RSPOS = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ position reported in already saved into field start RS = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ ID (i.e. rs number) ALT = rf.Primitive() RV = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ orientation is reversed _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ Property. Documentation is at _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ each of gene symbol:gene id. The gene symbol and id are delimited by a colon (:) and each pair is delimited by a vertical bar (|) dbSNPBuildID = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ dbSNP Build for RS _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ Allele Origin: 0 - unspecified, 1 - Germline, 2 - Somatic, 3 - Both _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ Suspect Reason Codes (may be more than one value added together) 0 - unspecified, 1 - Paralog, 2 - byEST, 4 - oldAlign, 8 - Para_EST, 16 - 1kg_failed, 1024 - other _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_, 00 - unmapped, 1 - weight 1, 2 - weight 2, 3 - weight 3 or more VC = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ Class PM = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ is Precious(Clinical,Pubmed Cited) _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ Third Party Annotation(TPA) (currently rs from PHARMGKB who will give phenotype data) _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ exist to PubMed Central article _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ 3D structure - SNP3D table _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ SubmitterLinkOut - From SNP->SubSNP->Batch.link_out _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ non-synonymous frameshift A coding region variation where one allele in the set changes all downstream amino acids. FxnClass = 44 _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ non-synonymous missense A coding region variation where one allele in the set changes protein peptide. FxnClass = 42 _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ non-synonymous nonsense A coding region variation where one allele in the set changes to STOP codon (TER). FxnClass = 41 _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ reference A coding region variation where one allele in the set is identical to the reference sequence. FxnCode = 8 _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ synonymous A coding region variation where one allele in the set does not change the encoded amino acid. FxnCode = 3 _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ 3' UTR Location is in an untranslated region (UTR). FxnCode = 53 _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ 5' UTR Location is in an untranslated region (UTR). FxnCode = 55 _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ acceptor splice site FxnCode = 73 _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ donor splice-site FxnCode = 75 _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ Intron FxnCode = 6 _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ 3' gene region FxnCode = 13 _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ 5' gene region FxnCode = 15 _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ other variant with exactly the same set of mapped positions on NCBI refernce assembly. _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ Assembly conflict. This is for weight 1 and 2 variant that maps to different chromosomes on different assemblies. _TAG_ = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ Assembly specific. This is set if the variant only maps to one assembly MUT = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ mutation (journal citation, explicit fact): a low frequency variation that is cited in journal and other reputable sources VLD = rf.Primitive() _TAG_ Validated. This bit is set if the variant has 2+ minor allele count based on frequency or genotype data. G5A = rf.Primitive() #>5% minor allele frequency in each and all populations G5 = rf.Primitive() #>5% minor allele frequency in 1+ populations _TAG_ = rf


text:
Global Collections Initiative: Latin America
The University of Glasgow Library is participating in the Centre for Research Libraries' (CRL) Global Collections Initiative. The initial development phase focuses on Latin America and the Caribbean but there are plans to expand to other regions in future years. For the duration of the development phase, members of the University of Glasgow can access GCI Latin American resources at no cost.
The initiative seeks to expand electronic access to primary source materials and data for area and international studies. In cooperation with institutions in the U.S., Canada, U.K., Germany, and Latin America, the GCI will invest resources in three major areas of activity:
- Providing electronic access to primary source documentation through digitization
- Establishing a framework for collective dealings with publishers and other vendors of key databases for Area and International Studies
- Assessing area studies web archiving practices, and creating a sustainable plan for ongoing capture and archiving of born-digital source materials
GCI participants have access to the rich resources pertaining to Latin America held by CRL in microform and digital formats:
- Historical and current newspapers published in Latin America and the Caribbean
- Political, economic, and cultural journals
- Government documents and archival resources
- Statistical reports and census information
- Publications pertaining to the Latin American Diaspora
Discovery and access
The Global Collections Initiative website provides catalogue access to the Latin American collections. For more information on the CRL Latin American collections see Topic Guide to Latin American Studies & CRL blog about GCI Latin America
- Digital delivery of materials scanned in response to loan requests, and to other collections digitised by CRL for research and teaching;
- Document delivery of articles and chapters sent through ARIEL document delivery
- Interlibrary loan access to a collection of 3.5-million microform resources, including a 90-day loan period, renewable loan periods on request, and fourth-day delivery on most requests
Requesting materials from CRL
The method of resource delivery will depend on whether it is in microfilm or digital format.
- Microfilms are available as an Inter-Library Loan for 90 days within five working days. In order to request a Global Collections Initiative ILL, please email _EMAIL_, quoting the title of the resource and the permanent URL for the catalogue record, together with any additional information about issue numbers, date of publication ranges etc
- Online resources can be viewed directly your browser
- Articles can be requested by document delivery in PDF format by emailing _EMAIL_
It is also possible to apply for on-demand digitization of a resource on a discretionary basis. If you would like to explore this option, please email _EMAIL_.
If you have any questions about this service, please email _EMAIL_, in the first instance.
- Free participation in CRL collection webinars, workshops, and forums
- Individualized resource searches available through User Services
Proposals for digitization of Latin American Resources A – Z
Participating GCI librarians and scholars provide information on the CRL Global Collections website about collections, archives and data sets of interest to area and international studies research. Participating institutions put proposals for the creation of new digital resources forward and colleagues can vote on the merits of each one.
Other European & Latin American Institutions also participating in the Global Collections Initiative
- The Iberoamerikanisches Institut
- The University of Rostock
- The German National Library of Economics
- Colegio de México
- Fundação Getulio Vargas
- University of Glasgow
- University of Liverpool
- University of London, Institute of Latin American Studies
- University of Oxford, Bodleian Latin American Centre Library


text:
These mixes combine deep rooted and fibrously rooting plants to protect both the soil surface and deeper soils from erosion. This root complex is efficient at moving water down into the soil and minimizing off site flow.
9 PLS LBS/Acre
73 seeds/sq ft
Common Water Plantain, Marsh (Red) Milkweed, New England Aster, Canada Tick Trefoil, Yellow Coneflower, Black-Eyed Susan, Sweet Black-Eyed Susan, Ohio Goldenrod, Blue Vervain, Ironweed
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes: Big Bluestem, Fringed Brome, Bristly Sedge, Brown Fox Sedge, Virginia Wild Rye, Fowl Manna Grass, Switchgrass, Dark-Green Bulrush, Wool Grass, Indian Grass, Prairie Cordgrass
** While we make every effort to provide all species as listed above, please note that our seed mix composition may be subject to change due to seasonal availability. **


Can alcohol affect women's fertility?
Women who drink large amounts of alcohol (seven or more drinks a week or more than three drinks on one occasion) are more likely to have heavy or irregular periods and fertility problems. Alcohol can also affect ovulation, which can make it difficult to conceive.
Can alcohol cause you to be infertile?
Alcohol, even in moderate amounts, can affect your sexual health. It can lead to loss of libido and infertility in both men and women.
Does alcohol affect egg quality?
"I don't think there's any evidence that alcohol, in moderation, has a negative impact on egg quality or ovarian response," he says. Dr. Klein tells women who are freezing their eggs that they don't need to stop drinking alcohol during the process as long as they're drinking in moderation.
Can I drink while trying to get pregnant?
Should You Talk to Your Doctor? The CDC advises healthcare providers to recommend to their patients who are trying to get pregnant to stop drinking. 2 For women with normal reproductive cycles, low-level drinking while you're trying to conceive might not be harmful, according to some of the research.
IT IS INTERESTING: Can alcohol be absorbed by muscle tissue?
How does alcohol affect chances of getting pregnant?
During the study, 133 women became pregnant, and outcomes showed an effect of alcohol — the more alcohol a woman drank, the less chance she had of conceiving. "Among heavy drinkers, the probability of conceiving was 27.2%, rising to 41.3% in nondrinkers.
How long after quitting drinking does fertility come back?
If you stop drinking, your sperm health improves with time. According to research, it takes roughly three months for your sperm production to regain normality after quitting.
How can I improve my fertility as a woman?
How to get pregnant: Step-by-step instructions
 1. Record menstrual cycle frequency. …
 2. Monitor ovulation. …
 3. Have sex every other day during the fertile window. …
 4. Strive for a healthy body weight. …
 5. Take a prenatal vitamin. …
 6. Eat healthy foods. …
 7. Cut back on strenuous workouts. …
 8. Be aware of age-related fertility declines.
What can I drink to become pregnant?
What Should You Drink During Pregnancy?
 - Water. Water is the single most important drink you should have throughout your pregnancy. …
 - Orange Juice. Orange juice is good to drink while you're pregnant, but you should only have it when it is pasteurized and fortified with calcium. …
 - Tea. …
 - Coffee.
What not to do while trying to conceive?
Things Not to Do If You Want to Get Pregnant
 1. Lose or Gain a Lot of Weight.
 2. Overdo the Exercise.
 3. Put Off Starting a Family Too Long.
 4. Wait Until You Miss Your Period to Stop Drinking.
 5. Smoke.
 6. Double Up on Your Vitamins.
 7. Amp Up on Energy Drinks or Espresso Shots.
 8. Skimp on Sex.
IT IS INTERESTING: Does acid reflux go away after quitting smoking?
Do you have to stop drinking when trying to conceive?
You should stop drinking immediately when you are trying to conceive. Usually, you will not know if you are pregnant for up to 6 weeks, and there is literally no amount of alcohol that is safe to consume when you are pregnant. Therefore, you should stop drinking immediately if you want to get pregnant.


text:
Beach sand toys for kids are an essential item for any family thinking about spending the day at the beach.
These days, there are so many different beach toys to choose from. There's something for every kid, allowing plenty of creative play, from building sand castles, to hunting for buried treasure.
Playing in the sand becomes much more fun with Sand Play Sets. Your little builder will spend hours constructing their seaside masterpiece using colourful sand tools. (No doubt those bigger builders will be occupied for hours too!)
There are a variety of traditional toys such as:
There are also many sports toys available that are specifically made for the beach, from cricket sets, to soccer balls or Frisbees.
My family loves a good game of Bocce or croquet, or especially volleyball.
The most recent favorite is Corn Hole, where each team tries to out-score the other by throwing bean bags into the hole. The bags are actually full of corn, hence the name.
Sometimes the older kids like to go searching for treasure with a metal detector. They are usually rewarded with a few coins, but it keeps them occupied for a good long while.
And of course, don't forget all those water accessories, such as a swim ring, noodles and boogie boards. Take caution when choosing what to take to the beach, it is not like a pool, you don't want your kids to chase something into the deep waters, or to ride something that could be swept out to sea.
Finally, it's a great idea to designate one whole beach bag to your kid's beach toys. That way the kids can rifle through it as they please and you don't have to get stressed about sand getting into everything else.
Other beach gear to think about for your family includes sun and swim shirts to protect from sunburn, sun hats, sunglasses, colorful beach towels or mats, and sand shoes.


text:
- Precise setting and maintenance of a constant laser power
- Enhancement of the reproducibility of the laser processes
Variable Laser Beam Attenuators are mainly employed to reliably maintain a constant power output of pulsed laser beams in production processes. Typical wavelengths used are those of Eximer and Nd:YAG lasers. However, the Variable Attenuators are also suited for cw operation and other laser wavelengths.
Description and mode of Operation
Our variable laser beam attenuators consist of an attenuator plate and a compensator plate. The changes to the transmission are made by tilting the plates. The tilt angle can be set using a stepper motor or a control knob. The opposite tilt angle of the compensator plate cancels the induced beam displacement. One part of the beam goes is transmitted through the attenuator plate and the rest is reflected.
Using one attenuator plate the transmitted power can be adjusted continuously in a range of approx. 95 and 4 percent. The compensator plate may be replaced by a second attenuator plate, increasing the attainable attenuation. The transmission also depends on the polarization.


text:
Changes in libraries have a risk of breaking things in unpredictable places. Debugging a crash is usually simple. But recently, in the late stages of working on the
curl utility for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9, I encountered a bug report that looked rather strange. In this article, I will discuss how this report led me to implement a localization bug fix during the late stages of RHEL 9 development.
Why the curl utility with the Turkish locale failed
curl utility failed in a system configured with the Turkish locale (
tr_TR.utf8). The utility crashed in RHEL 9. It did not crash in Fedora 36; however, it failed to establish HTTPS connections.
It was easy to determine that the crash occurred when fetching one of the cipher algorithms—camellia-128. This was strange because the cipher was in the OpenSSL default provider, so it should be always available. The only suspicious thing was that the lookup name was in all caps:
CAMELLIA-128. However, OpenSSL makes a case-insensitive comparison for these fetches. The crash was related to a check that was absent in OpenSSL 3.0.1 (the base version in RHEL 9), which also explained the behavior difference between Fedora and RHEL.
Since the crash was locale-specific and presumably related to uppercase/lowercase comparison, I explored the case-insensitive comparison and the Turkish language variations as possible factors. Searching online yielded many resources, but this article gives the best explanation. The alphabet used for English has a lowercase dotted i and an uppercase dotless I. But the Turkish alphabet has four letters for I: uppercase and lowercase dotted, and uppercase and lowercase dotless.
These additional Turkish letters change the relationship between the two letters English uses for I. Instead of the English case mapping of the lower dotted i to the upper dotless I, Turkish maps the lower dotted i to the upper dotted İ, and the lower dotless ı to the upper dotless I.
As it turns out, the change in the case rules for the letter i frequently breaks software logic. As the article puts it, "Applications that have been internationalized are conditioned to easily accept new characters, collations, case rules, encodings, and other character-based properties and relationships. However, their design often does not anticipate that the properties or rules of English letters will change."
Armed with this knowledge, I set out to debug the utility for the Turkish locale.
Match fails due to Turkish translations
In a case-insensitive comparison in the Turkish locale, the uppercase name
CAMELLIA used for the lookup becomes lowercase with no dot:
camellıa. Since camellıa does not match the expected string (
camellia), the algorithm cannot be not found. Therefore, the omitted NULL check explains the crash.
The comparison uses
strncasecmp functions, which are locale-dependent. The
setlocale function will trigger the problem, but the command-line OpenSSL utility does not invoke that function, so the problem doesn't arise in the upstream test suite.
curl uses the system locale for this purpose. This issue did not occur in earlier versions of OpenSSL because it did not use a case-insensitive string comparison before version 3. Now, new versions use case-insensitive string comparisons more extensively.
So why was the connection not established even when the system did not crash? A debugging session revealed that the cause was another change between OpenSSL 1.1.1 and 3.0. The culprit was the so-called encoders/decoders mechanism for finding a relevant parser of ASN.1 structures. Encoders and decoders also identify objects by name. This time, there was a mismatch between
If we want case insensitive comparison, we must always compare strings using a locale with predictable properties. Since algorithm names will never be internationalized, we can stop using locale-dependent
strncasecmp functions. We could compare strings byte-to-byte, but the profiling showed a significant performance slowdown. Luckily, POSIX implements a
strcasecmp_l function that accepts a specific locale object. If we pass a locale object matching the C locale to that function, we get the correct results.
Adopt a debugging process early
In theory, the rest of the process is simple: initialize a global object matching the C locale; use it everywhere in the OpenSSL code; free on shutdown. However, this leads to problems with the OpenSSL Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) provider. By design, FIPS requirements should not rely on a global object external to the module itself. This means we have to create another object inside the provider and manage it locally.
The resulting patch is one of the most invasive I have ever written. It changes approximately 80 files in the OpenSSL source tree and required serious testing. Global find-and-replace completes most of the changes. But some of them affect the core functionality of OpenSSL and, as mentioned before, touch the FIPS module. In order for it to be accepted upstream, we had to build it to accommodate non-Linux platforms as well, and that required additional changes. We had a long discussion with the upstream developers on how to include the patch in the stable 3.0 series
During the course of preparing this article for publication, there were long discussions within upstream and the community. As a result, upstream got rid of the locale object and switched the implementation to byte-to-byte comparison. We are going to switch our implementation in the same way, but that won't happen soon.
You may come across internationalization-related issues everywhere, even if you think that you rely on plain ASCII. A wide client base and early adoption could help you find a particular issue early on when it is significantly less burdensome.