PigProgress - Lactating sows and heat stress
Lactating sows and heat stress
Dr Ioannis Mavromichalis
I believe it is now the right time to discuss ways to increase nutrient intake in lactating sows under heat stress. With summer approaching quickly, and a hot summer is predicted to be, changes and adjustments should start now to at least alleviate the negative effects of heat stress on feed intake.
It should be reminded that animals reduce feed intake under heat stress because digestion and metabolism of feed increases the internally produced heat (heat increment in energy metabolism terminology) making thus animals even more uncomfortable. It is also important to realise that heat stress combined with high humidity increases dramatically the level of discomfort compared with hot but dry environments. Below are a number of nutritional interventions to help lactating sows during the summer months.
Increase nutrient density
It is generally assumed that daily nutrient uptake can be maintained during the summer months if nutrient density increases proportionally to the expected reduction in feed intake. For example, if feed intake is expected to drop by 10%, then all nutrients (including vitamins, minerals, and trace minerals) should be increased by 10% to compensate for the reduction in feed intake.
For several nutrients, however, there are manufacturing limits that may restrict the application of this strategy. For example, it is not always practical to add more than 6-8% fat in commercial diets.
Also, the concentration of certain additives cannot be altered due to country-specific regulations. In many cases, the drop of feed intake is so severe that feed density cannot be increased enough to compensate for the loss.
Reduce excess protein
Excess protein is deaminated and excreted in the form of urea. This process generates substantial metabolic heat, and to this end, it is highly recommended to reduce dietary protein concentration by about 2% with the aid of crystalline amino acids. Further reductions in dietary protein are either economically unfeasible or result in diets limiting in valine and isoleucine.
Reduce fiber concentration
Fiber digestion and metabolism generates considerably more heat compared to carbohydrates, with fat and lipids generating the least amount of internal heat. Thus, one of the more common measures to combat heat stress is to reduce dietary fiber by 1-3% (depending on initial concentration). Care should be taken for sows to be supplemented with a strong laxative (usually in the form of a salt) to compensate for the reduction in dietary fibre.
Increase use of fat calories
Following from the above, it appears that fats and oils not only increase dietary density, but they also generate less heat during digestion and metabolism. Therefore, diets high(er) in lipids are almost invariably recommended for combating stress heat. However, it is always imperative to also increase (proportionally) the levels of all amino acids and other nutrients, to avoid unbalancing diets.
Add sodium bicarbonate
Research and practical experience has clearly demonstrated that adding 5-10 kg of sodium bicarbonate per metric tonne of complete feed, improves feed intake in lactating sows.
Pelleted diets
Pelleting diets increases physical density resulting in higher uptake of nutrients at a given volume of feed. Combined with increased nutrient density, these two strategies help markedly in sustaining daily nutrient intake during heat stress.
Extra vitamins
In other monogastric species, additional vitamins, and especially vitamin C have been shown to help animals under heat stress. Such effects are not so well documented with pigs, but they definitely merit further investigation.
Cool water
It has been shown that pigs provided with cool(er) water during periods of heat stress are able to sustain better performance. In addition, pigs offered cool(er) water consumed less water per day compared to control pigs, indicating that cool(er) water enabled pigs to quickly adjust their body temperature in response to heat stress.
 - no-profile-image
 - no-profile-image
 Dr. Justin Tan Yu-Wen
 It is now accepted that heat stress is one of the main factors that causes huge losses in swine production and profits in hot climate regions throughout the world. Heat stress occurs when a physiological strain is placed on the body due to overexertion and overexposure to any combination of excessive environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, radiation and wind-producing conditions that are higher than the animalâ€™s thermo-neutral zone.
 Dr. Mavromichalis is correct to mention that one of the main detrimental effects of heat stress on pigs is a reduction of feed intake, especially sows. Heat stress causes discomfort and negatively affects feed intake, growth and productivity. Economic losses due to heat stress are usually caused by lowered performance, decrease in reproductive function and increase in deaths.
 Natural, phytogenic feed additives such as oregano are now being used to combat the negative effects of heat stress. Orego-Stim is a feed additive containing oregano essential oil, extracted from a specific chemotype of Origanum heracleoticum L. This exquisite hybrid species of oregano is derived from a selective plant-breeding programme developed by the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and grown commercially under strictly-controlled plantation conditions in the mountainous slopes of Greece.
 Besides its antimicrobial and anti-diarrhoeal properties, Orego-Stim has appetising effects to help increase feed intake of pigs during heat stress periods while simultaneously boosting the immune system to help them cope with the physiological stress of high environmental temperatures.
 To have a look at various trials conducted in sows under conditions of heat stress and how oregano works, do write an e-mail to _EMAIL_.
 - no-profile-image
 Namusisi Agnes
 Please would you kindly give the actual fomula of what is required in mixing the feeds in summer compared to winter and other seasons.
 - no-profile-image
 What does the Sodium Bicarbonate do and how does it increase the sows intake of food? What does it do to the milk supply and does it affect the piglets that are feeding from her?
 - no-profile-image
 Ioannis Mavromichalis
 Heat and Abortions
 Any kind of stress can lead to abortions. I would not exclude heat as the cause of your troubles, but I would be also looking into other factors, especially mycotoxins in the feed.
 - no-profile-image
 Ioannis Mavromichalis
 I was not aware of the use of oregano in sow diets. Will you please email me details?
 - no-profile-image
 Ioannis Mavromichalis
 Agnes, due to company policy, I cannot provide formulas. But, I could provide you with what is required to change in the summer formula. Please email me.
 - no-profile-image
 Ioannis Mavromichalis
 Noni, bicarb is affecting the electrolyte balance in the blood. It does not affect milk production (at least, I don't have any information to such effect). If the sows eat more, they will milk more, so piglets will be heavier at weaning.
 - no-profile-image
 Excelent post. Congratulation.
 Please, what is your opinion about lysine level for lactating sows, it's change whith more born piglets?? and frecuency and feed bach have changes?? thousandth thanks.
Load more comments (5)
Or register to be able to comment.


Daniel Bartholomew-Poyser clapping hands
Perfect Fifth of Diversity: A framework for self-assessment
At two recent OC member convenings, Orchestras Canada welcomed conductor Daniel Bartholomew-Poyser to talk about equity in the orchestra. Daniel is a member of the OC board, chair of our Equity Committee, and Artist-in-Residence and Community Ambassador with Symphony Nova Scotia. At these events, Daniel presented the Perfect Fifth of Diversity, a discussion tool for orchestras to use in considering their equity work.
As Daniel noted, diversity is going to look different in different communities; but for all organizations, there is a real opportunity to engage with people who don't yet feel welcome at the orchestra in a way that benefits all involved. To help clarify the starting place, Daniel proposes five questions for orchestras to consider.
1. Who is playing?
This element concerns your musicians, soloists and conductors. Most professional orchestras have an audition process during which applicants for tenure track positions play behind a screen for several rounds before their identity is revealed. Selection processes for music directors, soloists, and per service musicians take various shapes. And smaller budget groups may have more flexibility in their modes of casting. No matter what, are we ensuring that our selection processes address conscious or unconscious bias?
We also know that pathways to a career in classical music rely on early exposure, access to instruments, and inspiring teachers and role models, along with the financial resources to pursue serious study over many years. Auditions present financial barriers, as well, such as paying for flights, hotels, and extra lessons. In the USA, the Sphinx Organization in collaboration with the League of American Orchestras and the New World Symphony have started the National Alliance for Audition Support, a program that provides financial support to Black and Latinx musicians attending auditions.
2. Who is being played?
Does our programming reflect the communities we want to serve, as well as the musical traditions and inspirations we have historically celebrated? Do we want to program music of diverse styles, by a more diverse range of composers, including living, women, and Indigenous composers, and composers of colour? Some audiences are curious to hear works they don't know, and others will stay away. How do we balance comfort, tradition, and challenge, in a sustainable and artistically sound way? This would see the orchestra of the future both continuing to present beloved classics, and becoming a library of sound that puts itself at the service of diverse styles, traditions and communities.
3. Who is listening?
Are our audiences reflective of the community we are hoping to serve? We need to consider what the access point is for tickets to our concerts, and whether we are programming and marketing our concerts in a way that appeals to a diverse range of audiences. This element looks at how we are making our orchestra accessible to communities that are not only culturally diverse, but also diverse in terms of age, socio-economic status or spectrum-linked diversity. This is important both as a means of better serving our communities, and as a means of growing our audience.
4. Who is deciding?
We need to look at who is in positions of power at our organizations – in artistic leadership roles, in staff leadership roles, and on the board of directors. As well, from whom do we seek input, to ensure diverse perspectives in the decision-making process?
5. How is this being done?
A lot of orchestras' work in community engagement projects involves collaborating with non-traditional artists and community partners, and these projects present many opportunities for reflection on orchestral culture and approaches. How is power distributed between the music director, soloists and other collaborators in rehearsal and performance spaces? How do we approach time, and how do we make space for exploration in the context of an orchestral service? How might we collaborate in a way that nurtures and gives power to voices outside of the orchestra's traditional hierarchy?
The questions that Daniel is raising are deliberately non-prescriptive: each orchestra will need to answer these questions in its own way, and reach its own conclusions. Orchestras Canada is excited to be part of the discussion, and we look forward to hearing your thoughts!


text:
Just north of Tyresö, which lies south of Stockholm, several new residential areas are being developed that build upon the grid structure typical of 19th century 'neighbourhood city' planning. In one of the blocks, which is divided between two properties, LAND has designed an inner courtyard and roof terrace. The buildings are mixed-use with business premises on the ground floor and modern townhouses above. The façade materials vary dramatically between brick, steel and different composite cladding systems. On one side of the block, an exposed gable end and a set of stairs leading to the courtyard define the connection the broader context and Tyresö center.
The two properties within the block sit at different levels which is a defining aspect of the landscape design. The courtyard is therefore divided into an upper surface consisting of an expansive brick entrance area and a relatively large lower level comprised of grass and planted areas. Low brick steps in the sunniest part of the courtyard connect the levels. In the green part, paths to residential entrances are defined by system of walkways made of steel grating which are raised relative to the planting areas. Over time, grasses will grow to blur the boundary of the walkways, thereby giving the impression of one broad, common area.
Planting across the site is a diverse range of both plants and plant zones. From drier planting areas with ornamental grasses on the upper sunlit part of the courtyard, to plants more suited to damper conditions in the lower shadier areas. Planters and communal spaces also feature on one of the properties roof terraces.
Notably, although this courtyard is built atop of a parking garage, it functions as a large water retention basin. All the water collected on site, including that from the rooves, which drains directly onto the courtyard, is led to one large planting bed. This is the first time the developer JM, one of Sweden's largest residential developers, has built courtyard above a parking garage where all water is initially retained on site.
The planting beds consists of a porous mixture of gravel, pumice and soil in order to retain water. The floor of the underlying parking garage slopes gently towards a low point connected to the courtyard entrance where excess water is led out directly onto the pavement. During construction, LAND were able to study how the water behaved. In light rains, all the water in the courtyard was retained on site. Only after heavy downpours did the water overflow and even then, only in small trickles. Soils on the courtyard are almost always moist due to the water management system, which has a noticeable impact on the health of the vegetation. After one growing season the perennials had formed a continuous carpet, the climbing plants shot away almost all the way up to the roof, and trees and shrubs were very well established.
Architecture offices involved in the design: Joliark Architects & Sundell Architecs
Project location: Regnbågsgatan 22, 135 40 Tyresö
Design year: 2016
Year Built: 2019

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


of code will fail when trying to printList() after changeList() is called. But, when I REMOVE the destructor, the code runs without crashing. My question is, ...
0
votes
3answers
111 views
How temporary objects get avoided by using c++ templates when doing additions? [closed]
I am reading an article by Tomas Arce. The article talks about improving vector addition performance by using templates. But some parts I can not follow. The author says the following code can avoid ...
2
votes
1answer
53 views
Error constructing temporary object whose constructor takes a single enum parameter
Why is the below code invalid (at least using Visual Studio 2010 or ideone)? // E.h enum E { AN_E_VALUE }; // C.h class C { public: explicit C(E e) // explicit keyword is optional {} void ...
0
votes
1answer
51 views
Is the lvalue reference return of a member function of a temporary object a dangling reference?
There is a class CBase. class CBase { ... CBase &Create() { return *this; } ... } If I declare a lvalue reference and a pointer, CBase &kk = CBase().Create(); ...
8
votes
2answers
278 views
Copy constructor not called when initializing an object with return value of a function
Consider the following code: #include <iostream> using namespace std; class A { public: int a; A(): a(5) { cout << "Constructor\n"; } ...
0
votes
0answers
108 views
what is a temporary variable
How come when I write this code the 'number' in the method is stored as a 'temporary value'? This is the first time I have came across this. What is the advantage? what is the disadvantage? why ...
0
votes
2answers
117 views
MySQL create temporary table from SELECT keep original field lengths
Considering this simple example: INSERT INTO TemporaryTable SELECT RealTable.name as name FROM RealTable LIMIT 1 I'm creating a temporary table from a SELECT. Problem: the temporary table's field ...
1
vote
1answer
87 views
Binding temporaries to non-const references in case of exceptions
I have always read that temporaries are allowed to bind only with non-const reference arguments in case of function calls.. CASE 1:- For example:- class Simple{ public: int i; ...
0
votes
1answer
532 views
MySQL create temporary table with autoincrement from SELECT only
With MySQL I know it's possible to create a temporary table from a SELECT: Create a temporary table in a SELECT statement without a separate CREATE TABLE I also know it's possible to create ...
0
votes
3answers
332 views
wstring::c_str() contains garbage
I have a std::wstring decode(const char *s) function. I use it like this: const char *src = "some string"; const wchar_t *result = decode(src).c_str(); I always get garbage in result[0], sometimes ...
0
votes
1answer
431 views
Passing a pointer to temporary object
We know that we can pass temporary objects to functions by const reference, like this: class A { public: A(int _b = 0) { b = _b; } int b; }; void foo(A& a) ...
0
votes
1answer
199 views
Temporarily storing multiple values in Oracle [duplicate]
I need a way to temporarily store and use multiple values returned from an Oracle query. In SQL Server, I stored my values in a temp table, did my work, then dropped the table. I'm discovering the ...
0
votes
0answers
69 views
Use AutoNumber Value as TempVariable in Access
I'm using Microsoft Access, I've got a form with three sub forms in. I want to use an auto number in the first field. Once I start entering data in the first record I'd like the auto number to set a ...
0
votes
2answers
227 views
How to avoid taking address of a temporary variable?
The way my code is currently set up, I feel that I have to choose between a segmentation fault and making a pointer to a temporary object. The code is below: #include <memory> #include ...
1
vote
1answer
108 views
PostgreSQL if temporary table is dropped query is empty
I'm working on a rather simple homework assignment where I have to retrieve some data that complies with some criteria and then run another query on the data that was selected in the previous query. ...
0
votes
1answer
12 views
Using a set in the place of a table (or another elegant solution)
I answered a question where I had to generate a temporary derived table on the fly (or use an actual table), see: _URL_ . Instead of using the following derived ...
0
votes
1answer
256 views
C++ brace initializer list, temporary lifetime
I've got following code: string join(initializer_list<string_view> strings); initializer_list is std::initializer_list and string_view isn't std::string view but very similar class with ...
0
votes
0answers
231 views
how to create a table at runtime in oracle sql developer
How can i create a temporary table at run time with as many columns as count from select query returns? For example, at starting time it is not known how many items my select query will return as the ...
1
vote
1answer
803 views
How to store temporary values/objects per session in iOS app
So I've got a hybrid e-commerce iOS app that I'm working on, and I need to store multiple string / array values temporarily for the duration of the checkout process. If the user leaves the checkout ...
2
votes
3answers
166 views
Should a temporary T, as a parameter, invoke T(const T&) or T(T&&) in C++11?
So, code first: #include <iostream> #include <utility> struct X{ int i; void transform(){} X() :i(0){std::cout<<"default\n";} X(const X& src): ...
0
votes
1answer
50 views
Oracle temporary storage
I need to execute a one shot script (that is, it will not be deployed in a living system) to correct some values in existing tables. The script itself is not relevant. The problem here is the "some ...
0
votes
1answer
73 views
Update a MySQL table to double aggregate of a construct, which depends on the table itself
I need to update a table, but to get the new value it seems that I need to create a temporary table. The reason is that I need to calculate sum of the max. Can I do it? The pseudocode looks like ...
3
votes
1answer
57 views
Why is there a difference between using c++ string+string temporary object by different compilers? [duplicate]
Please look at this code. #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; int main() { string hello = "Hello" , world = "World"; const char *p = ...
0
votes
3answers
289 views
Temporary Object and Permament Object Javascript
So my problem is simply, but i can't fix it. I have 2 objects one is temporary and second one is permanent, the temporary object taking data from permanent, but when i do actions on temporary, the ...


text:
Date of Degree
PhD (Doctor of Philosophy)
Speech and Hearing Science
Karla K. McGregor
Word learning implies learning of both a phonological form and its referent. For nouns, the referent is typically a category of objects, with variability between objects within the category but an overlying similarity that allows them to be categorized together, to function similarly, and to be called by the same label. We hypothesized that by strengthening knowledge of the category of referents a word refers to, we could strengthen learning and use of the word.
Three-year old children were provided with elaborated referent category information in the form of multiple exemplars of the referent category. In the first manipulation, children were trained on identical exemplars or variable exemplars. A second manipulation provided children with variable exemplars that had been distributed to support a prototype. Children in the third condition, who were provided with a prototype plus variants, learned words best in expressive and receptive tasks, when tested on trained and untrained items, and at two time points. In a second manipulation, we asked if simultaneous presentation of multiple exemplars leads to better learning of the object label than sequential presentation. Results indicated little difference. We conclude that 3-year-olds learn words best in the presence of variability distributed to highlight both invariant elements of the referent category and those elements that are allowed to vary.
Copyright 2011 Gwyneth Campbell Rost
Rost, Gwyneth Campbell. "Object categories provide semantic representation for 3-year-olds' word learning." dissertation, University of Iowa, 2011.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Ubuntu / Linux news and application reviews.
When you install Linux on your computer and then install Windows, the Grub will be deleted and you won't be able to boot into Linux anymore.
Here is how to fix (restore) the GRUB after such a situation:
1. You will need a Live CD with any Linux distribution. Insert the live CD of Ubuntu for instance, and boot from the CD.
2. As soon as the computer boots and the Live OS starts, go to Applications > Accessories > Terminal.
3. Now you have to recover the Grub for which you need to write (or paste) the following commands into the terminal (only what's bold, the text between the brackets is just the explanation of the command):
sudo grub
find /boot/grub/stage1 (This searches for the boot partition. It will give you a result which you'll have to copy for the next command)
root (hd0,0) (Replace hd0, 0 with the value obtained in the previous command)
setup (hd0) (This will install the grub)
quit (to exit.)
The next time you reboot, you can access your Linux box again.
Newer Post
Older Post


text:
Peck's milkvetch is a prostrate perennial with a deep taproot. The reddish stems reach 1-3 dm long, and leaves are pinnately compound with 8-14 leaflets per leaf. Leaf petioles persist from year to year, giving plants a skeletal look during winter dormancy. (Interestingly, Peck's milkvetch is the only North American milkvetch to have persistent petioles.) Mature plants produce small, cream or pale yellow flowers in numerous axillary racemes of 5-9 flowers. As is typical of plants in this family, flowers are papilionaceous (shaped like butterflies), and fruits resemble very small pea pods. Fruits are 5-8 mm in length at maturity, and typically contain one or a few seeds, although many fruits produce no seeds at all. Plants begin to produce new leaves in March, and flowers begin to open in late May or early June and can continue blooming through July.
Astragalus purshii (woollypod milkvetch) frequently co-occurs with A. peckii. As the name of this more common associate implies, plants of A. purshii produce densely hairy or woolly pods (and dark purple flowers), making distinguishing between the two species relatively easy. Astragalus lemmonii is similar in appearance to A. peckii and occurs within the same general area. However, Lemmon's milkvetch typically prefers moister soils in wet meadows and the riparian areas around streams and lakes, and is not known to inhabit any of the dry, barren pumice sites that support its rarer cousin. Astragalus lemmonii is characterized by a terminal leaflet that is generally much broader than the rachis, while the terminal leaflet of Peck's milkvetch is not noticeably different than the rachis and appears to be a continuation of it.
When to survey
Peck's milkvetch is recognizable throughout the growing season (March-September). However, because fruit and flowers are required to identify species of Astragalus using a technical key, surveys for A. peckii should take place when plants are in flower and fruit (June-July).
Peck's milkvetch grows in natural openings of sagebrush-juniper woodlands, lodgepole pine forests, and ponderosa pine forests. Soils in preferred sites are sandy with little organic matter and varying amounts of pumice deposition from the eruption of Mt. Mazama. Vegetation is characteristically sparse and associated species include Artemisia tridentata, Purshia tridentata, Festuca idahoensis, Stipa occidentalis, Eriogonum umbellatum, and Eriophyllum lanatum.
Peck's milkvetch occurs east of the Cascades from Cline Buttes south to a few miles south of Chiloquin. Populations can be broadly grouped into three population centers, with the largest concentration occurring along Highway 97 between Sisters and Bend. A second grouping inhabits the barren pumice flats near Chemult, and a southern group occurs in openings in ponderosa pine stands east of Chiloquin.
Deschutes and Klamath
Species of Concern
Urbanization and agricultural development near the towns of Bend and Sisters have historically threatened populations of A. peckii. Currently, disturbance due to off-road vehicle use is probably the greatest threat to persistence of this species, although weed infestations and rapid urban development continue to concern conservation planners.
Did you know?
Astragalus peckii is one of eight Oregon taxa named to honor Morton E. Peck. Dr. Peck, Professor of Biology at Willamette University from 1908–1941, contributed 21,515 collections to the Willamette Herbarium (now part of Oregon State University Herbarium), and authored the popular Manual of the Higher Plants of Oregon, which is still widely used today.
Current/Recent ODA projects
Astragalus peckii disturbance ecology study
Demography, reproductive ecology, and community analysis of Peck's milkvetch
Amsberry, K. and R. J. Meinke. 2003. Life history and conservation status of Astragalus peckii Piper (Fabaceae). Report for U.S. Forest Service, Fremont-Winema National Forest, and Bureau of Land Management, Prineville District. Native Plant Conservation Program, Oregon Department of Agriculture, Salem, Oregon.
Barneby, R. C. 1964. Atlas of North American Astragalus. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 13:468-469.
Carr, M., K. Amsberry, and R. Meinke. 2007. Astragalus peckii disturbance ecology study. Report for U.S. Forest Service, Fremont-Winema National Forest, and Bureau of Land Management, Prineville District. Native Plant Conservation Program, Oregon Department of Agriculture, Salem, Oregon.
Gisler, S. and R. Meinke. 2001. Reproductive ecology, seed banking, and cultivation of five at-risk legume species in Oregon. Report for U.S. Fish and Wildlife, Portland, Oregon. Native Plant Conservation Program, Oregon Department of Agriculture, Salem, Oregon.
ORNHIC (Oregon Natural Heritage Information Center). 2003. Oregon Natural Heritage Information Center Database. Oregon Natural Heritage Information Center, Portland, Oregon.
Piper, C. V. 1924. New flowering plants of the Pacific Coast. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 37:91-96.


text:
Who We Are
What We Do
In 2018, Australia will include, for the first time, an engagement and impact (EI) assessment exercise as a companion to the Excellence in Research for Australia (ERA) national framework. The research underpinning this paper sought to identify the core competencies that are crucial to supporting roles within emerging impact and engagement expectations. A content analysis of research support position descriptions and job advertisements from the UK and Australia was conducted and these were mapped to current industry skill audits for library and information science (LIS) professionals. Also discussed are the current knowledge and skills of LIS professionals and what additional competencies they may need to acquire or develop if they are to contribute to institutions and researchers meeting the requirements of an EI assessment exercise. The hard skills required by both UK and Australian EI support roles are aligned to those endorsed and promoted by the LIS industry and are reflected in the Australian Library and Information skills templates. The study points to the viability of using current academic library networks and LIS professionals to meet the demands of future EI assessment in Australia.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


NULL if server callback. This will be dependent on the underlying TLS library - see coap_get_tls_library_version()
setup_dataA structure containing setup data originally passed into coap_context_set_pki() or coap_new_client_session_pki().
Returns
1 if successful, else 0.
Definition at line 88 of file coap_dtls.h.
◆ coap_dtls_spsk_info_t
The structure that holds the Server Pre-Shared Key and Identity Hint information.
◆ coap_dtls_spsk_t
The structure used for defining the Server PSK setup data to be used.
◆ coap_pki_key_asn1_t
The structure that holds the PKI ASN.1 (DER) definitions.
◆ coap_pki_key_pem_buf_t
The structure that holds the PKI PEM buffer definitions.
The certificates and private key data must be in PEM format.
Note: The Certs and Key should be NULL terminated strings for performance reasons (to save a potential buffer copy) and the length include this NULL terminator. It is not a requirement to have the NULL terminator though and the length must then reflect the actual data size.
◆ coap_pki_key_pem_t
The structure that holds the PKI PEM definitions.
◆ coap_pki_key_pkcs11_t
The structure that holds the PKI PKCS11 definitions.
◆ coap_pki_key_t
The enum used for determining the PKI key formats.
◆ coap_tls_library_t
◆ coap_tls_version_t
The structure used for returning the underlying (D)TLS library information.
Enumeration Type Documentation
◆ coap_asn1_privatekey_type_t
The enum used for determining the provided PKI ASN.1 (DER) Private Key formats.
Enumerator
COAP_ASN1_PKEY_NONE
NONE.
COAP_ASN1_PKEY_RSA
RSA type.
COAP_ASN1_PKEY_RSA2
RSA2 type.
COAP_ASN1_PKEY_DSA
DSA type.
COAP_ASN1_PKEY_DSA1
DSA1 type.
COAP_ASN1_PKEY_DSA2
DSA2 type.
COAP_ASN1_PKEY_DSA3
DSA3 type.
COAP_ASN1_PKEY_DSA4
DSA4 type.
COAP_ASN1_PKEY_DH
DH type.
COAP_ASN1_PKEY_DHX
DHX type.
COAP_ASN1_PKEY_EC
EC type.
COAP_ASN1_PKEY_HMAC
HMAC type.
COAP_ASN1_PKEY_CMAC
CMAC type.
COAP_ASN1_PKEY_TLS1_PRF
TLS1_PRF type.
COAP_ASN1_PKEY_HKDF
HKDF type.
Definition at line 123 of file coap_dtls.h.
◆ coap_dtls_role_t
Enumerator
COAP_DTLS_ROLE_CLIENT
Internal function invoked for client.
COAP_DTLS_ROLE_SERVER
Internal function invoked for server.
Definition at line 27 of file coap_dtls.h.
◆ coap_pki_key_t
The enum used for determining the PKI key formats.
Enumerator
COAP_PKI_KEY_PEM
The PKI key type is PEM file.
COAP_PKI_KEY_ASN1
The PKI key type is ASN.1 (DER) buffer.
COAP_PKI_KEY_PEM_BUF
The PKI key type is PEM buffer.
COAP_PKI_KEY_PKCS11
The PKI key type is PKCS11 (DER)
Definition at line 144 of file coap_dtls.h.
◆ coap_tls_library_t
Enumerator
COAP_TLS_LIBRARY_NOTLS
No DTLS library.
COAP_TLS_LIBRARY_TINYDTLS
Using TinyDTLS library.
COAP_TLS_LIBRARY_OPENSSL
Using OpenSSL library.
COAP_TLS_LIBRARY_GNUTLS
Using GnuTLS library.
COAP_TLS_LIBRARY_MBEDTLS
Using Mbed TLS library.
Definition at line 48 of file coap_dtls.h.
Function Documentation
◆ coap_dtls_is_supported()
int coap_dtls_is_supported ( void )
Check whether DTLS is available.
Returns
1 if support for DTLS is enabled, or 0 otherwise.
Definition at line 15 of file coap_notls.c.
+ Here is the caller graph for this function:
◆ coap_get_tls_library_version()
coap_tls_version_t* coap_get_tls_library_version ( void )
Determine the type and version of the underlying (D)TLS library.
Returns
The version and type of library libcoap was compiled against.
Definition at line 25 of file coap_notls.c.
+ Here is the caller graph for this function:
◆ coap_tls_is_supported()
int coap_tls_is_supported ( void )
Check whether TLS is available.
Returns
1 if support for TLS is enabled, or 0 otherwise.
Definition at line 20 of file coap_notls.c.
+ Here is the caller graph for this function:


Camp Styles
Camp Styles
Camp Styles
Forest Camping
Protect Our Forests - Go Camping!
Forest CampingDeep, lush forests are a thing of magic. These swaths of trees are filled with life, from squirrels and birds to deer and eagles. Surrounded by cathedrals of trees, you can feel the pulse of nature and the quiet hush of the forest. On your next camping vacation, head to the woods for a serious dose of beauty, fresh air, wildlife, and fun.
Forests can seem silent, but if you take a moment to listen closely, you'll hear far more activity than you might expect. Bees hum in the flowering bushes, birds flit from branch to branch, and chipmunks run races around tree trunks. All those trees can block out the light, so be sure you take time each day to get some sun and a clear look at the blue sky above. You can head to the lake, to a nearby river or meadow, or hit the trail and start climbing until you get above the tree line.
One of the benefits of forest camping is that you have plenty of trees around to act as posts for clotheslines and supports for tent rain flies, and branches to hang jackets and hats on. In hot areas, you'll have plenty of shade and you'll probably enjoy cooler temperatures than outside the forest.
The forest floor is covered with aromatic pine needs and pine cones. While collecting and admiring these forest treasures is a fun activity, resist the urge to haul too many cones away with you. These seed-packets are filled with pine nuts, food that will sustain squirrels and birds throughout the season. Also, if you want to see wildlife in the forest, try to keep your noise level to a minimum. Wild animals are frightened away by loud noises, so your odds of seeing deer, rabbits, and forest birds goes way up if you're quiet.
As you sit around your campfire, admiring the crowns of trees overhead, you'll feel the special magic of the woods. Forests are all about life, and when you spend some time in one, you'll feel renewed for your own life. So get out there and head to the woods!
You are here: Home Articles and Info Camp Styles


text:
The construction sector in developing countries has propelled economic growth in the most recent period, yet analysis of growth performance has failed to take this into account. This article is a comparative analysis of the relationship between the construction sector and aggregate output for a panel of sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries using a panel generalized methods of moments (GMM). After accounting for the effects of institutional set up, cross sectional heterogeneity and non-linearity, our results revealed that the construction sector affects growth positively and most importantly, developing the right institutions could further enhance this impact. The intrinsically non-linear relationship between construction and output growth is very mute in our sample, suggesting that, SSA countries have not yet reached the stage of development where construction growth becomes trivial. We further show that East Africa experienced a robust impact of construction on economic growth compared to West and Southern Africa.
Construction, institutions and economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa
Working paper 622
Subscribe to new publication notifications (quarterly)


How do I forcefully unmount a Linux disk partition?
Posted on in Categories CentOS, Data recovery, Debian Linux, File system, Linux, RedHat/Fedora Linux, Security, Storage, Suse Linux, Sys admin, Troubleshooting, Ubuntu Linux last updated January 27, 2006
Sometimes you try to unmount a disk partition or mounted CD/DVD disk or device, which is accessed by other users, then you will get an error umount: /xxx: device is busy. However, Linux or FreeBSD comes with the fuser command to kill forcefully mounted partition. For example, you can kill all processes accessing the file system mounted at /nas01 using the fuser command.
Understanding device error busy error
Linux / UNIX will not allow you to unmount a device that is busy. There are many reasons for this (such as program accessing partition or open file) , but the most important one is to prevent the data loss. Try the following command to find out what processes have activities on the device/partition. If your device name is /dev/sdb1, enter the following command as root user:
# lsof | grep '/dev/sda1'
Output:
vi 4453 vivek 3u BLK 8,1 8167 /dev/sda1
Above output tells that user vivek has a vi process running that is using /dev/sda1. All you have to do is stop vi process and run umount again. As soon as that program terminates its task, the device will no longer be busy and you can unmount it with the following command:
# umount /dev/sda1
How do I list the users on the file-system /nas01/?
Type the following command:
# fuser -u /nas01/
# fuser -u /var/www/
Sample outputs:
/var/www: 3781rc(root) 3782rc(nginx) 3783rc(nginx) 3784rc(nginx) 3785rc(nginx) 3786rc(nginx) 3787rc(nginx) 3788rc(nginx) 3789rc(nginx) 3790rc(nginx) 3791rc(nginx) 3792rc(nginx) 3793rc(nginx) 3794rc(nginx) 3795rc(nginx) 3796rc(nginx) 3797rc(nginx) 3798rc(nginx) 3800rc(nginx) 3801rc(nginx) 3802rc(nginx) 3803rc(nginx) 3804rc(nginx) 3805rc(nginx) 3807rc(nginx) 3808rc(nginx) 3809rc(nginx) 3810rc(nginx) 3811rc(nginx) 3812rc(nginx) 3813rc(nginx) 3815rc(nginx) 3816rc(nginx) 3817rc(nginx)
The following discussion allows you to unmout device and partition forcefully using mount or fuser Linux commands.
Linux fuser command to forcefully unmount a disk partition
Suppose you have /dev/sda1 mounted on /mnt directory then you can use fuser command as follows:
WARNING! These examples may result into data loss if not executed properly (see "Understanding device error busy error" for more information).
Type the command to unmount /mnt forcefully:
# fuser -km /mnt
Where,
 - -k : Kill processes accessing the file.
 - -m : Name specifies a file on a mounted file system or a block device that is mounted. In above example you are using /mnt
Linux umount command to unmount a disk partition.
You can also try the umount command with â€"l option on a Linux based system:
# umount -l /mnt
Where,
 - -l : Also known as Lazy unmount. Detach the filesystem from the filesystem hierarchy now, and cleanup all references to the filesystem as soon as it is not busy anymore. This option works with kernel version 2.4.11+ and above only.
If you would like to unmount a NFS mount point then try following command:
# umount -f /mnt
Where,
 - -f: Force unmount in case of an unreachable NFS system
Please note that using these commands or options can cause data loss for open files; programs which access files after the file system has been unmounted will get an error.
See also:
Posted by: Vivek Gite
The author is the creator of nixCraft and a seasoned sysadmin and a trainer for the Linux operating system/Unix shell scripting. He has worked with global clients and in various industries, including IT, education, defense and space research, and the nonprofit sector. Follow him on Twitter, Facebook, Google+.
10 comment
 1. Sometimes fuser and lsof fail. One option that works for me is remounting read-only, and then doing a lazy unmount:
 mount -o ro,remount /dev/sdb3
 umount -l /dev/sdb3
 2. I have a cronjob that needs to mount an external hdd and then unmount after it backup to my external hdd.
 This is how my backup.pl inside my cron.daily looks like:-
 system ("/etc/rc.d/init.d/sendmail stop");
 system ("/usr/sbin/cmuExport -d");
 system ("/etc/rc.d/init.d/sendmail start");
 system ("mkdir /mnt/usbdisk");
 system ("mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb1/mnt/usbdisk");
 system ("/bin/tar -zcvf /home/cmu/localhost.tar.gz/home/cmu/localhost");
 system ("mv /home/cmu/localhost.tar.gz/mnt/usbdisk");
 system ("umount -l /dev/sdb1/mnt/usbdisk");
 But it doesn't unmount it. The error message says:-
 umount: /mnt/usbdisk: not mounted
 umount: /mnt/usbdisk: not mounted
 I need help, please thank you.
 1. First: Why are you using perl script instead of bash script if all calls are systemâ€™s? You can just delete â€œsystemâ€ before all of your strings and rename backup.pl to backup.sh. At least this will be easier to debug.
 Second: You have an error in umount command. Here command you needed:
 â€œumount -l /dev/sdb1â€³.
 In fact your command must work for your /dev/sdb1. Error was coz system trying to find block device â€œ/mnt/usbdiskâ€, but this is a mount point.
 3. @ nixcraft
 As you said
 # lsof | grep '/dev/sda1'
 what about if we have a cifs mounted partition ?
Comments are closed.


text:
This is an example of a topic, which is located inside a lesson in a course. Topics like this are great for breaking down the lesson into manageable parts. Each Topic can have a video and/or text. You either use the Divi Builder or the WordPress block editor.
We wrote it to demonstrate some of the awesome functionality of the Divi LMS LearnDash Child Theme. You can build this lesson content with the Divi Builder or with the WordPress Gutenberg Block Editor. In this particular demo course, we used Gutenberg, but there are other courses here that use Divi.
Key concepts covered include:
- This course uses the Divi Builder
- If you want you may use the Gutenberg Block Editor
- These bullet points are dummy content
- LearnDash Focus Mode demonstration
- Accepted media files
- Example quiz questions
- Timer demonstration
- Course workflow
This child theme was created as a way to jump-start your e-learning and courses website. We know how much you love to use Divi, and LearnDash is the best LMS software for Divi. A ton of work went into making this child theme possible, saving you weeks of work and frustration. Just install the child theme, add your copy of LearnDash, and your website will look like this demo in a matter of seconds!


Global Health Asia-Pacific Special Issue - Page 28
SPONSORED FEATURE
Maximum precision for minimal post-surgical pain
DR DEAN KOH Dr Dean Koh is a general and colorectal surgeon practising at Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital and Parkway East Hospital , Singapore . Dr Koh provides specialised care in the treatment of colon and anorectal cancers , inflammatory bowel disease as well as benign colon and anorectal disorders .
Colorectal cancer is currently the third most common cancer globally . According to World Cancer Research Fund International , over 1.9 million cases of colorectal cancer were recorded in 2020 , with up to 600,000 deaths annually . While studies show that early screening can reduce the mortality rate , it is also crucial for the healthcare sector to devise less invasive medical interventions to minimise post-operative complications and improve patient recovery .
One such method is robotic surgery , a minimally invasive surgical procedure that has refined laparoscopic techniques and can treat many types of colorectal cancer with smaller incisions compared to traditional open surgery . Smaller post-operative wound size leads to less pain , lower risks of infection while preventing pulmonary and long-term complications such as incisional hernias . This , in turn , reduces the need for pain medications and their side effects . Moreover , this procedure allows patients to recover faster , with brief hospitalisations and swift returns to daily routine .
According to Dr Dean Koh who specialises in colorectal surgery and surgical oncology at Mount Elizabeth Novena and Parkway East Hospital Singapore , robotic surgery is suited for colorectal cancer due to the system ' s accuracy in navigating through the confined spaces of the lower abdomen and pelvis , which are packed with several organs and vital structures , reducing the likelihood of adverse complications .
Impact of minimally invasive procedures on post-operative recovery Hospital stays for patients recovering from conventional open surgery range from seven to 10 days on average . However , laparoscopic surgeries have reduced the duration of hospital stays to three / five days , as multiple studies have demonstrated . Shorter hospital admission minimises the risk of
26 ISSUE 6 | 2022 GlobalHealthAndTravel . com


Channels ▼
Performance Optimization for the Atom Architecture
Multi-Core Performance Tools
Unique tools for analyzing performance related to multi-core processors are still somewhat few in number. System profilers can provide information on processes executing on a system; however interactions in terms of messaging and coordination between processes are not visible. Tools that offer visibility into this coordination typically must be cognizant of the particular API in use. POSIX Threads is a commonly employed multi-core programming API and therefore has relatively broad tools support.
Intel Thread Profiler
The Intel Thread Profiler identifies thread-related performance issues and is capable of analyzing OpenMP, POSIX, and Windows† multithreaded applications. When used to profile an application, some of the key capabilities include:
 - The display of a histogram of aggregate data on time spent in serial or parallel regions.
 - The display of a histogram of time spent accessing locks, in critical regions, or with threads waiting at implicit barriers for other threads.
Intel Thread Profiler employs what is termed critical path analysis where events are recorded including spawning new threads, joining terminated threads, holding synchronization objects, waiting for synchronization objects to be released, and waiting for external events. An execution flow is created that is the execution through an application by a thread, and each of the listed events above can split or terminate the flow. The critical path is defined as the longest flow through the execution from the start of the application until it terminates. The critical path is important because any improvement in threaded performance along this path would increase overall performance of the application.
Data recorded along the critical path includes the number of threads that are active and thread interactions over synchronization objects. Figure 8 depicts the Intel Thread Profiler GUI divided into two sections: Profile View and Timeline View. On top is the Profile View, which gives a histogram representation of data taken from the critical path and can be organized with different filters that include the following:
 - Number of active threads on the critical path.
 - Object view: identifies the synchronization objects encountered by threads
 - Thread view: shows the contribution of each thread to the critical path.
Benefits of these filters and views include:
 - Knowledge of the amount of parallelism available during the application execution
 - Helping locate load imbalances between threads
 - Determining what synchronization objects were responsible for the most contention between threads
The Timeline View shows the critical path over the time that the application has run. The critical path travels from one thread to another and shows the amount of time threads spend executing or waiting for a synchronization object.
Figure 8: Concurrency Level and Timeline View
CriticalBlue Prism is another example of a toolsuite aimed at optimized software development for multi-core and/or multithreaded architectures. Prism can be used across the full range of activities needed to migrate existing sequential single core software onto a multi-core platform.
Prism's analyses are based on a dynamic tracing approach. Traces of the user's software application are extracted either from a simulator of the underlying processor core or via an instrumentation approach where the application is dynamically instrumented to produce the required data. Once a trace has been loaded into Prism the user can start to analyze the application behavior in a multi-core context. In addition to standard profiling data showing functions and their relative execution times, Prism provides the user with specific insight relevant in a multi-core processor context. Examples of the views and analyses available in Prism are:
 - Histogram showing activity over time by individual function and memory
 - Dynamic call graph showing function inter-relationships and frequency
 - Data dependency analysis between functions on sequential code
 - What-if scheduling to explore the impact of executing functions in separate threads
 - What-if scheduling to explore the impact of varying the numbers of processor cores employed
 - What-if scheduling to explore the impact of removing identified data dependencies
 - What-if scheduling to explore the impact of cache misses on multi-core execution performance
 - What-if scheduling to explore the benefit of Intel Hyper-Threading Technology on multi-core execution performance
 - Data race analysis between functions on multithreaded code.
Figure 9 is a screen shot of Prism analyzing sequential code where the user has forced several functions to execute in their own threads and a trial schedule has been generated on 4 cores. This trial schedule was modeled on unchanged sequential code and enables the user to exhaustively test and optimize the parallelization code prior to making code changes.
Figure 9: CriticalBlue Prism What-if Exploration Running on Sequential Code
Power Performance Tools
As previously mentioned, the "race to idle" power optimization strategy is implemented by employing the single-core and multi-core performance tools mentioned previously. The focus of this section is on tools to assist with idle mode optimization.
Two types of tools assess power performance. The first type of tool measures the actual power used by the device via physical probes, a technique referred to as probe-based profiling. The second type of tool employs counters in the platform that measure power state transitions, a technique referred to as power state-based profiling. For the sake of completeness a brief description of each type of tool follows; however only power state-based profiling is discussed at length and employed in the case study.
Probe-based profiling employs an external device to measure and record the power utilized by the system as a specific application executes. Typically, there is some mechanism to correlate the power readings with points in the application. An industry example of such a tool is the TMS320C55x† Power Optimization DSP Starter Kit, which integrates National Instruments Power Analyzer to provide a graphical view of power utilization over time. The Intel Energy Checker SDK is another probe-based profiling tool that targets desktop and server platforms. This tool measures power from the AC adaptor using a measurement tool such as those available from Watts up? and enables correlation with specific regions of application code. The data transfer assumes a shared file system, which currently limits applicability to desktop and server computing platforms.
Power-state profiling tools rely upon software interfaces into the platform's power states, which, instead of providing a measure of power utilization, provide the number of times transitions occur between the platform power states. The process of idle-mode optimization works by enabling increasing application functionality and inspecting the recorded power data at every stage. In many cases, additional power state transitions will be recorded. Many of these additional transitions are necessary because as more functionality of the application is enabled, more processing is required. However, at each step, power state differences should be measured, understood, and optimized away if truly unneeded.
PowerTOP is a Linux targeted tool that performs power state profiling and targets idle mode optimization techniques. The tool executes on the target device with an operating mode similar to the common Unix tool, top, where the tool provides a dashboard-like display. The intent is that the display would provide real-time updates as your applications execute on the target device. Figure 10 displays a screenshot of PowerTOP and highlights its functionality. The tool provides six categories of information, which are summarized as follows:
 - C state residency information. The average amount of time spent in each C state and the average duration that is spent in each C state
 - P state residency information. The percentage of time the processor is in a particular P state
 - Wakeups per second. The number of times per second the system moves out of an idle C state
 - Power usage. An estimate of the power currently consumed and the amount of battery life remaining
 - Top causes for wakeups. A rank ordered list of interrupts, processes, and functions causing the system to transition to C0
 - Wizard mode. Suggestions for changes to the operating system that could reduce power utilization
Figure 10: PowerTOP
For more information about performance optimization and architecture options, see Break Away with Intel Atom Processors: A Guide to Architecture Migration by Lori Matassa and Max Domeika.
Related Reading
More Insights
Currently we allow the following HTML tags in comments:
Single tags
 Defines a single line break
 Defines a horizontal line
Matching tags
 Defines an anchor
 Defines bold text
 Defines big text
 Defines a long quotation
 Defines a table caption
 Defines a citation
 Defines computer code text
 Defines emphasized text
 Defines a border around elements in a form
 This is heading 1
 This is heading 2
 This is heading 3
 This is heading 4
 This is heading 5
 This is heading 6
 Defines italic text
 Defines a paragraph
 Defines preformatted text
 Defines a short quotation
 Defines sample computer code text
 Defines small text
 Defines a section in a document
 Defines strikethrough text
 Defines strikethrough text
 Defines strong text
 Defines subscripted text
 Defines superscripted text
 Defines underlined text


text:
NMEA Sentences Used by MicroStation
MicroStation requires your GPS device to send these two NMEA sentences, at a minimum:
Showing the satellites in use on the user interface requires these NMEA sentences, so your GPS device should send them as well:
MicroStation processes the following NMEA sentences and makes the data from them available to applications, but it does not require this data. Sometimes this data is redundant with data from the sentences above.
MicroStation also processes the Leica proprietary "local position quality sentence," GPLLQ. If it is present, the easting, northing, easting/northing fix quality, and elevation are acquired from it. However, the elevation is also in the GGA sentence.
Any other sentences that your GPS sends are not processed by MicroStation.


cal / ncal
Display a calendar. ncal offers an alternative layout, more options and the date of easter.
Syntax
 cal [-jy] [[month] year]
cal [-j] -m month [year]
ncal [-jJpwy] [-s country_code] [[month] year]
ncal [-Jeo] [year] Options: -J Display Julian Calendar, if combined with the -e option, display date of easter according to the Julian Calendar. -e Display date of easter (for western churches). -j Display Julian days (days one-based, numbered from January 1). -m month Display the specified month. -o Display date of orthodox easter (Greek and Russian Orthodox Churches). -p Print the country codes and switching days from Julian to Grego- rian Calendar as they are assumed by ncal. The country code as determined from the local environment is marked with an asterisk. -s country_code Assume the switch from Julian to Gregorian Calendar at the date associated with the country_code. If not specified, ncal tries to guess the switch date from the local environment or falls back to September 2, 1752. This was when Great Britain and her colonies switched to the Gregorian Calendar. -w Print the number of the week below each week column. -y Display a calendar for the specified year.
The year must be specified with 4 digits.
ncal offers an alternative layout, more options and displays the date of easter. The ncal format is a little cramped but it makes a year fit on a 25x80 terminal. By default ncal is not installed, it can be enabled by creating a link as follows:
$ mkdir -p $HOME/bin
$ ln 'which cal' $HOME/bin/ncal
$ $HOME/bin/ncal -w
If no parameters are specified, the current month's calendar is displayed.
Examples:
Show the calendar for 2016
$ cal 2016
Copy the calendar to the clipboard
$ cal | pbcopy
"If everything seems under control, then you're not going fast enough" - Mario Andretti
Related macOS commands:
calendar - reminder service
dc - Desk Calculator
units - Convert units from one scale to another
wc - Print byte, word, and line counts
Calculate the day of the week, for any date, in your head

Copyright © SS64.com _PHONE_
Some rights reserved


text:
David Bisseli, (2007) Mobile bodies: train travel and practices of movement. Doctoral thesis, Durham University.
This thesis investigates experiences of railway travel from a passenger perspective by looking at how passengers move through and dwell within spaces of the railway journey. It responds to a lack of attention to diverse processual enactments and theorisations of processes and practices that constitute these flows. Challenging both the theory that this particular'space of flows' constitutes a non-place that is characterised by placelessness, and theories that rely on aggregate models of movement that serve to pacify the body, this thesis speaks to the neglected transient experience that acknowledges how the railway journey is continually brought into being by passengers through practice rather than given a-priori. It is based on in-depth empirical research that focuses on long-distance, intercity journeys as a particular space of flows. It develops a descriptive, multi-method approach to investigate what a travelling body is and how a body becomes a travelling body; how and to what extent travel-time is planned, organised, used and valued; and how the experience of time and space transform over the duration of a journey. For many, and contrary to economically-productivist studies, the railway journey is not a wasted time, but is valued and put to use in a variety of different ways that fold through and are integrally-linked to the commitments, motivations and obligations of other time-spaces. The resulting heterogeneity of practices within the confined space of the railway carriage also has significant implications for the sociality and forms of responsibility that develop. However, certain parts of the journey are more valuable than others and within this space of flows are many durations of immobility and passivity. Nevertheless, and contrary to other practice-based studies that privilege the body-in-action, passivity does not necessarily constitute a weak form of inhabiting the world. This research demonstrates how multiple configurations of passivity come into play at different points during the railway journey to assist in making the process of travel easier. In sum, this thesis mobilises new ways of looking at transient spaces which attempt to move beyond a sedentary metaphysics of space.
|Item Type:||Thesis (Doctoral)|
|Award:||Doctor of Philosophy|
|Copyright:||Copyright of this thesis is held by the author|
|Deposited On:||08 Sep 2011 18:32|


english dictionary definition meaning
english dictionary definition meaningYesDictionary.com
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
Lookup English Definition:
Electronics : [ɪl,ɛktr'ɑnɪks]
electronics \electronics\ n.
1. the branch of physics that deals with the behavior of
electrons. Electronics is primarily concerned with
phenomena other than simple conduction, such as emission
of electrons, storage of electrical charge, the effects of
electrical fields on the conduction of electrons through a
circuit, and amplification and manipulation of electric
signals such as voltage or current by design of circuits.
Electronics also encompasses the application of such
fundamental principles to the construction of devices
using the manipulation of electrons in their operation,
known as {electronic devices}.
[PJC]
2. the branch of engineering concerned with design of devices
using the principles of electronics, for practical
purposes.
[PJC]
3. electronic devices generally, or the electronic circuits
within an electronic device. The Russian harvesters are
sturdily constructed, but their electronics are primitive.
[PJC]
electronics
n 1: the branch of physics that deals with the emission and
effects of electrons and with the use of electronic devices
52 Moby Thesaurus words for "electronics":
Newtonian physics, acoustics, aerophysics, applied physics,
astrophysics, basic conductor physics, biophysics,
chemical physics, cryogenics, crystallography, cytophysics,
electron physics, electrophysics, geophysics, line radio,
macrophysics, mathematical physics, mechanics, medicophysics,
microphysics, natural philosophy, natural science, nuclear physics,
optics, philosophy, physic, physical chemistry, physical science,
physicochemistry, physicomathematics, physics, psychophysics,
radiation physics, radio, radionics, radiophotography,
radiotelegraphy, radiotelephony, solar physics,
solid-state physics, statics, stereophysics, television,
theoretical physics, thermodynamics, wire wave communication,
wired radio, wired wireless, wireless, wireless telegraphy,
wireless telephony, zoophysics
install english dictionary definition & meaning lookup widget!
english dictionary definition meaning工具:
Select Color:
english dictionary meaning information:
 - Amazon. com: Merriam-Websters Pocket French-English . . .
 The dictionary is very useful I have Merriam-Webster Android version also, however I wanted hardcover type one Because; 1) I'd like read check preface, explanatory chart, explanatory notes, and so on this dictionary (it meaning, I'd like to read preface and appendixes of Webster)
 - Collins French to English (One Way) Dictionary Grammar . . .
 Collins French to English Dictionary Grammar is an up-to-date one-way Kindle dictionary with a user-friendly grammar guide It lets you look up the English translation of French words
 - Echo - definition of echo by The Free Dictionary
 Ech·o (ĕk′ō) n Greek Mythology A nymph whose unrequited love for Narcissus caused her to pine away until only her voice remained ech·o (ĕk′ō) n pl ech·oes 1 a Repetition of a sound by reflection of sound waves from a surface b The sound produced in this manner 2 A repetition or an imitation: a fashion that is an echo of an earlier
 - A - definition of A by The Free Dictionary
 A abbr 1 accusative 2 Games ace 3 across 4 adenine 5 alto 6 ampere 7 or Å angstrom 8 answer 9 area 10 Sports assist a 1 or A (ā) n pl a's or A's also as or As 1 The first letter of the modern English alphabet 2 Any of the speech sounds represented by the letter a 3 The first in a series 4 Something shaped like the letter A 5 A
 - Thumbnail | Definition of Thumbnail by Merriam-Webster
 These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'thumbnail ' Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors
 - Board | Definition of Board by Merriam-Webster
 9 electronics: a sheet of insulating material carrying circuit elements and terminals so that it can be inserted in an electronic apparatus (such as a computer)
 - Morse code - Wikipedia
 Morse code is a method of transmitting text information as a series of on-off tones, lights, or clicks that can be directly understood by a skilled listener or observer without special equipment It is named for Samuel F B Morse, an inventor of the telegraph The International Morse Code encodes the ISO basic Latin alphabet, some extra Latin letters, the Arabic numerals and a small set of
 - Dictionary. coms List of Every Word of the Year . . .
 Word of the Year Our Word of the Year choice serves as a symbol of each year's most meaningful events and lookup trends It is an opportunity for us to reflect on the language and ideas that represented each year
 - Electronic music - Wikipedia
 Electronic music is music that employs electronic musical instruments, digital instruments and circuitry-based music technology In general, a distinction can be made between sound produced using electromechanical means (electroacoustic music), and that produced using electronics only Electromechanical instruments include mechanical elements, such as strings, hammers, and so on, and electric
 - courses a-to-z-index - Golden West College
 To view all courses (opens new window) ANTHROPOLOGY G100 – 3 Units Course Outline Introduction to Cultural Anthropology Advisories: English G100 An introduction to the theories, methods, and applications of anthropological inquiry
English Dictionary 2005-2009
|dictionary |Business Directories,Company Directories |ZIP Code,Postal Code


text:
- Age Range:Age 2 to 6 years
- Class Structure: New unit theme for
each month, each contains four lessons
Taught like a regular Kindermusik class,
with additional option of a hosted CD
Nine monthly units for 2 year olds
Nine monthly units for 3 year olds
Twelve monthly units for 4 to 6 year olds
- Class Length: 30 minutes
- Class Size: Up to twelve children in class,
with or without accompanying adults
ABC Music & Me, an award-winning enrichment (early literacy and language) program for 2 to 6 year olds, was designed for early childhood learning centers, but can also be taught in a Kindermusik classroom. ABC Music & Me is a research-based language and early literacy program built around music. ABC Music & Me helps develop pre-literacy and language skills through a child's most-loved rituals: music and storytime.
ABC Music & Me supports the early childhood standards and requirements for "high quality programs" as defined by the National Institute for Early Education. Plus for the older age group, ABC Music & Me aligns with pre-K national and state standards.
ABC Music & Me Spanish Home Materials -- addressing ELL (English Language Learners) -- are available. An increasing percentage of children entering school today come from families that speak little to no English at home. Click here now to find out which ABC Music & Me materials are available right now in Spanish.
What a Child Will Experience in Class:
- Songs and rhymes to develop phonetic awareness and early reading skills
- Tapping, clacking, and ringing rhythm instruments in time with music to improve hand-eye coordination
- Focused listening with music to improve skills in following directions
- Instrument play to strengthen fine motor skills
- Developmentally-appropriate songs to develop vocal chords and expressive speech
- Learning that emphasizes storytelling, imaginative play, and taking turns


text:
Reasons for buying an electric two-wheeler
Reasons for buying an electric two wheeler starts with one prime objective of being environment friendly with other add-ons.
Two-wheeler market has grown significantly over the last decade. Due to increase in demand in urban & semi-urban areas, and a relatively low cost of ownership the market has grown at a tremendous pace.
Greater number of two-wheeler has incremented the toxic levels of air pollution.
Top Reasons for buying an electric two-wheeler:
1. Environment :
According to the Supreme Court-monitored EPCA, vehicles contribute "as much as 40 per cent of total emission load in Delhi and roughly 30 per cent in the region".
Switching to electric two-wheelers can help in lowering toxic emissions produced by petrol run two wheelers.
2. Low Running Cost
A Petrol two-wheeler runs at a cost of 1.5 Rs/KM approx. whereas, an electric two wheeler runs at a cost of 25 p/KM. Electric two-wheeler is quite cheaper on the running cost parameter.
3. Low Maintenance
For Petrol run Two-wheeler the cost of maintenance for a period of five to 6 years is around half the value of the vehicle when bought. There are approx 2000 moving parts in a Petrol run two-wheeler. On the contrary, Electric Two-wheeler has only 25-30 moving parts.
Thus Electric two wheeler is cheaper to maintain than its counterpart.
Electric two-wheeler is lighter in weight than the petrol counterpart.
You can charge the electric two-wheeler at your home or at office. Dedicated charging stations are springing up in bigger towns and soon the small towns will follow the lead.
The government has announced tax benefits in order to make the purchase of Electrical Vehicles or e-vehicles easier for potential customers.
Tax benefits for buyers, the government will provide additional income tax deduction of Rs 1.5 lakh on the interest paid for a loan taken to buy an e-vehicle.
The Government's focus on electric mobility is inspiring.
This is a stepping stone the way forward to a clean and green world.


text:
Navigating the New Normal: Political Affinity and Multinationals' Post‐Acquisition Performance
Ru‐Shiun Liou and
Journal of Management Studies, 2020, vol. 57, issue 3, 569-596
The New Normal in the international business landscape reflects a world challenged by economic volatility and political hostilities. This suggests increased political risk, even for MNEs operating in developed markets. We use the legitimacy‐based view of political risk to examine how political affinity between host and home markets may contribute to an MNE's post‐acquisition performance in a developed market. A high degree of political affinity signifies aligned national interests thus reducing legitimacy concerns faced by MNEs during post‐acquisition integration. Based on cross‐border M&A deals focused on U.S. targets completed by MNEs representing 45 countries between 2004 and 2012, we find that MNEs from countries with greater political affinity to the U.S. experience better post‐acquisition performance. We also investigate two country‐level factors that intensify the threat to legitimacy; the MNEs' home market economic status and the presence of a financial crisis in the host market. Our findings indicate that political affinity mitigates risk for MNEs originated from emerging economies much more than for MNEs originated from developed economies, whereas a financial crisis reduces the benefit of political affinity.
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations: Track citations by RSS feed
Downloads: (external link)
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.
Export reference: BibTeX
RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan)
Persistent link: _URL_
Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from
_URL_ ... s.asp?ref=00022-2380
Access Statistics for this article
Journal of Management Studies is currently edited by Timothy Clark, Steven W. Floyd and Mike Wright
More articles in Journal of Management Studies from Wiley Blackwell
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Wiley Content Delivery ().


text:
For Cypress EZ-USB (AN21XX) — Port 2
Simulation support for this peripheral or feature is comprised of:
- Dialog boxes which display and allow you to change peripheral configuration.
- VTREGs (Virtual Target Registers) which support I/O with the peripheral.
These simulation capabilities are described below.
Parallel Port 2 Dialog
This dialog displays the SFR and pins of Port 2.
P2: This is the P2 SFR. The HEX value and value of each
bit is displayed and may be changed from this dialog.
Pins: These are the states of the pins on the simulated
MCU. When used as outputs, these have the same value as the P2 SFR.
When used as inputs (P2.x is 1) you may set the level of the input
pin to high (1) or low (0).
The PORT2 VTREG may be used (from the Command Window or from a
user or signal function) to affect the input values of the simulated
pins of Port 2.
Data Type: unsigned char
The PORTx VTREGs represent the I/O pins of the simulated
MCU for Port 0, Port 1, and so on. PORT0 represents Port 0, PORT1
represents Port 1, etc. You may read PORTx to determine the
state of the output pins of that port. For example, in the command
window, you may type,
to obtain value corresponding to the set pins of Port 0. You may
also change the input values of port pins by changing the value of
the VTREG. For example,
sets the upper four port pins of Port 1 to a value of 1 and the
lower 4 port pins to a value of 0. You may use the bitwise operators
AND(&), OR(|) and XOR(^) to change individual bits of the PORTx
VTREGs. For example:
PORT1 |= 0x01; /* Set P1.0 Pin */
PORT3 &= ~0x02; /* Clr P3.1 Pin */
PORT1 ^= 0x80; /* Toggle P1.7 Pin */


CRE - Consulting Reservoir Engineering
bbox2 is an extension CavBox. It is a numerical simulation program for gas storage in salt caverns or porous media. For gas storage in porous media the program has an interface to TOUGH2.
bbox2 simulation of porous media storage

bbox2 simulation of salt caverns and surface facilities
Below the currently implemented modules for the simulation of the storage process are listed:
Gas / Equations of State
In principle, any gas or mixture of gases can be used as the working medium. However it is recommended to use inert gases (with respect to corrosion), such as nitrogen or natural gas. Natural gas is particularly suited due to its molecular structure and the resulting high heat capacity. Whereby if air is used as a working medium, corrosion to the plant facilities due to oxygen will occur over time, and thus components will need to be replaced at some point with related additional costs.
For the calculations, the composition of the gas must be specified. All common components including water can be used. The z factors, heat capacities, adiabatic exponent and dissolved water are calculated with the standard Equations of State.
The water dissolved in the gas is calculated in terms of possible formation of gas hydrates.
Cavern
For the calculations of the state in the caverns the knowledge and experience gained during the past several decades in natural gas storage is implemented [6], all relevant operations such as convergence or heat conduction are included.
Wells
Pressure losses and head temperatures are calculated for the cavern wells. Several wells per cavern can be defined.
Pipe
The loss of any pressure and/or temperature changes are calculated for the pipes.
Free Water Separator (FWS) / Free Water Knock-Out (FWKO)
The amount of water that is released at a certain temperature and pressure within the gas is calculated, so that the free water can be removed from the gas stream.
Compressor
The compression of the gas can be achieved through several varying specifications. Either the outlet pressure or the outlet temperature can be specified. The compressor can also be operated in a way that the outlet pressure is equivalent to the well head pressure of the low pressure cavern. Pressure, temperature and water content are calculated as well as compression energy, power and other relevant parameters.
Turbine
The calculations in the expansion turbine are similar to those during the compression.
 Heater/Cooler with heat storage
The gas flow can be cooled or heated. A heat storage facility can be connected to the heater/cooler, where the heat is stored during compression and accordingly during expansion can be fed back into the gas stream.
 Splitter/Joint
The gas flow can be split and/or merged again using splitter and jointing technology. This subsequently allows either the use of 2 parallel wells in a cavern or several compressors simultaneously.
Choke
The gas flow can be throttled to adapt to any existing restrictions in natural gas storage operations.


Navigating WoW Private Servers: Insights from the Reddit Community
04. 15. 2023
Server Stability
World of Warcraft (WoW) private servers have gained popularity among players seeking alternative and unique gaming experiences. These private servers offer diverse gameplay options, customized content, and the chance to relive nostalgic WoW eras. When it comes to navigating the world of WoW private servers, the Reddit community has become an invaluable resource. In this article, we will delve into the insights and wisdom shared by the Reddit community, providing guidance on how to navigate the vast landscape of WoW private servers.
 1. Server Recommendations: The Reddit community serves as a platform for players to share their experiences and provide recommendations for different WoW private servers. Users often post threads asking for server suggestions based on specific preferences such as expansion era, playstyle (PvP, PvE, or roleplaying), population size, server stability, and community engagement. These recommendations offer valuable insights into the pros and cons of various private servers and help players make informed decisions.
 2. Server Populations and Community: Redditors frequently discuss and share information about the populations and communities on different private servers. These discussions help players understand the dynamics of each server, including factors such as community size, faction balance, guilds, and social interaction. The Reddit community offers a platform for players to connect with like-minded individuals who share similar gaming interests and goals.
 3. Custom Content and Gameplay Features: Many private servers introduce custom content and gameplay features that deviate from the official WoW experience. The Reddit community often provides information and insights into the unique features offered by different private servers. Players can find discussions about custom quests, mechanics, class balancing, and other modifications, helping them determine which servers align with their preferred gameplay style and interests.
 4. Server Stability and Reliability: Server stability is a crucial aspect to consider when choosing a private server. Redditors frequently share their experiences regarding server uptime, performance, and reliability. Discussions around server crashes, latency issues, and frequent maintenance can help players gauge the stability of a private server and make an informed decision.
 5. Events and Community Activities: Reddit serves as a hub for private server communities to organize and promote in-game events, tournaments, and community activities. The Reddit community frequently shares information about upcoming events, guild recruitment drives, and roleplaying campaigns. This allows players to participate in server-wide activities, connect with other players, and engage in collaborative experiences that enrich their gaming journey.
 6. Technical Support and Issue Resolution: Private server gaming can sometimes involve technical challenges. The Reddit community offers a platform for players to seek technical support, troubleshoot issues, and find solutions to common problems. Whether it's guidance on installation, patching, or resolving in-game bugs, Redditors are often willing to share their knowledge and provide assistance to fellow players.
 7. Server Development and Updates: Private servers undergo continuous development and updates to enhance the gaming experience. The Reddit community allows players to stay informed about the latest server developments, patch notes, upcoming features, and bug fixes. Players can provide feedback, suggestions, and bug reports directly to server administrators and developers, influencing the direction of server development.
The Reddit community serves as a valuable resource for navigating the vast world of WoW private servers. From server recommendations and population insights to discussions on custom content, server stability, events, technical support, and server development, Redditors offer a wealth of information and guidance. By tapping into the insights and experiences shared by the Reddit community, players can make informed decisions and find private servers that align with their preferences, creating a rewarding and immersive gaming experience within the WoW private server realm.
Burning Crusade ServerFinding Your WoW Paradise: 20 Must-Visit P...
09. 03. 2022
World of Warcraft (WoW) has captivated millions of players around the globe with its immersive gameplay, rich lore, and expansive virtual world. While the official WoW servers provide an incredible gaming experience, many players are also dra...
Private ServersThe Evolution of World of Warcraft Private...
02. 12. 2022
World of Warcraft (WoW) has been an iconic game since its release in 2004, captivating millions of players with its immersive world, epic quests, and rich gameplay. Alongside the official WoW servers, private servers have emerged, offering al...
Private Private WoW Servers and the Economy: Maste...
05. 06. 2022
In the world of private World of Warcraft (WoW) servers, the virtual economy plays a crucial role in the gameplay experience. The economy on these servers, driven by player-to-player trading and market dynamics, adds an extra layer of depth a...
Free Exploring New Frontiers: Free WoW Servers ...
11. 29. 2021
World of Warcraft (WoW) has captivated millions of players with its vast virtual world, immersive gameplay, and rich storytelling. While the official servers offer an incredible gaming experience, the realm of free WoW servers presents an opp...
Private ServersThe Rise of Private Servers: How World of ...
08. 26. 2021
World of Warcraft (WoW) has captivated millions of players worldwide since its release in 2004, creating an expansive and vibrant online gaming community. While the official servers provided by Blizzard Entertainment offer a thrilling experie...
Wow ServersFrom Novice to Expert: Leveling Up with Wo...
03. 07. 2023
World of Warcraft (WoW) is a vast and complex game that offers a multitude of possibilities for players to explore. For newcomers and seasoned veterans alike, navigating the ever-evolving WoW landscape can be daunting. That's where the WoW Se...
Private ServersBreaking Boundaries: Navigating the Best P...
03. 16. 2022
In the ever-expanding world of online gaming, private servers have emerged as a popular alternative for players seeking unique experiences outside the realm of official game servers. These private servers break boundaries, offering custom gam...
Reddit Embracing Diversity: Exploring the Variety...
03. 07. 2022
World of Warcraft (WoW) has cultivated a vibrant community of players who are passionate about the game and eager to connect with others who share their enthusiasm. Reddit, a popular online platform known for its communities and discussions, ...
Private ServersEmerging Trends in World of Warcraft Priva...
08. 16. 2021
World of Warcraft (WoW), the iconic massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) developed by Blizzard Entertainment, has captivated millions of players around the world for over a decade. While the official servers provided by Bli...
Private ServersRediscover Azeroth: The Top World of Warcr...
03. 03. 2023
World of Warcraft (WoW) has captivated millions of players with its immersive world, epic quests, and engaging gameplay. While the official WoW servers provide a rich gaming experience, some players seek alternative servers that offer unique ...
Private Unlocking Endless Possibilities: Customiza...
09. 09. 2022
World of Warcraft (WoW) private servers have revolutionized the gaming experience for players by offering a realm of endless possibilities. One of the key features that sets private servers apart from the official game is the extensive custom...
Auction HouseEconomy and Trade: Thriving Auction Houses...
04. 30. 2023
World of Warcraft is not only a realm of epic quests and battles but also a bustling economy where players engage in trade, crafting, and commerce. At the heart of this economic ecosystem are the Auction Houses, bustling hubs where players bu...
Private Vanilla Unlocking the Past: A Look at Private Vani...
05. 02. 2022
World of Warcraft (WoW) has evolved over the years, with numerous expansions and updates shaping the game into what it is today. However, for players seeking to unlock the nostalgia and experience the game as it was during its early days, pri...
Private ServersThe WoW Private Reddit Community: Sharing ...
08. 27. 2022
World of Warcraft (WoW) has a vibrant and dedicated player base that spans across the globe. Within this expansive community, Reddit has emerged as a popular platform for WoW players to connect, share experiences, and seek advice. The WoW Pri...
Wow Finding Your Home: WoW Server Reddit Recom...
11. 22. 2021
When it comes to choosing a World of Warcraft (WoW) private server, one valuable resource for recommendations and insights is the WoW Server subreddit. The WoW Server subreddit serves as a bustling hub of discussions, recommendations, and com...


text:
Children's Eye Health & Safety Activity Sheets (New!)
Incorporate educational fun into children's eye health activities with these two-sided worksheets: one side is informational; and the other side has an activity. Co-branded with the National Eye Institute (NEI), these selected worksheets are designed for use by children in grades 4 – 6, and youth in grades 7 – 8. Each sheet can be personalized with your club's information.
Worksheets – targeted for grades 4 – 6
Healthy Vision Tips + Search With All Your Eyes Word Search (iad449a)


Jingle Bells Special: Kids Electric Cars Are All The Rage This Christmas
Christmas is just around the corner and we can already hear the jingle bells. Christmas is a very special occasion for children who wait around the year for the festivities, rituals and perhaps, most importantly, the presents Santa brings for them.
This holiday season Santa seems to have new gift ideas and that's why kids electric cars are all the rage this Christmas. That's because kids electric cars make perfect presents for toddlers and children of all ages; they're exciting, they're fun and they have multiple developmental benefits for children.
So this Christmas if you are looking for a fun and thoughtful present that would make playtime productive, you should definitely consider an electric toy car for kids. Here's why:
 1) Electric Ride On Cars Build Your Child's Motor Skills
Electric ride-on cars can help your child tune and develop their motor skills and improve their spatial intelligence. Learning how to drive a ride on a car is an enriching and educational experience in and of itself.
The best electric ride on cars are built to resemble an original vehicle. When children interact with toy cars, they familiarise themselves with the basics of driving and learn how to handle a vehicle. Learning how to use the steering wheel or a joystick to maneuver their vehicle around and avoid hurdles is an invaluable experience for a child.
Spatial intelligence is a child's ability to understand three-dimensional space and the objects contained within it. When a child learns how to control an electric ride on car, they develop a concrete understanding of the space around them. When a child turns the steering wheel to avoid hitting an obstacle, they are demonstrating spatial intelligence.
Some ride-on cars also come with inbuilt moveable features and accessories like compartments and carriage doors that can be opened and closed. Children do not only enjoy this attention to detail but also learn because of it.
 2) Kids Electric Cars Encourage Outdoor Activity
A lot has been written about the importance of outdoor physical activity for children. It is truly alarming that nowadays most children lead a sedentary lifestyle.
If your children spend most of their time indoors, do not worry. Children are impressionable and it takes only the right kind of motivation to help them form healthy habits – and what can serve as a better form of motivation than kids electric cars?
Electric cars are meant to be driven outdoors and they motivate children to enjoy outdoor exercise. There is also a significant amount of physical activity involved in handling a ride-on toy. Driving a ride on a toy requires leg muscle dexterity and steering it around requires arm muscle strength.
 3) Electric Toy Cars for Kids Help Children Explore
Children have an innate sense of curiosity and one thing they absolutely love is exploring the world. Electric toy cars provide kids an opportunity to interact with their environment and explore it.
When children use a ride-on toy, they realize that they are mobile and they can move around. Cars also enable children to cover more space and explore better. Ride-on toys also make children more aware of their surroundings. For instance, a child learns that a paved path offers a smooth drive while lawns mean a bumpy drive.
Think of it this way: if you gift a child an electric toy car, you are not just gifting them a toy to play with but also a quest for adventure and discovery.
 4) Electric Ride On Cars Encourage Independent Play
It is very important to foster a sense of independence in children and electric ride-on toys do that by offering kids a chance to take charge and make decisions.
Going outdoors in electric ride-on cars also nurtures a sense of confidence in children and makes them more self-reliant, which is especially important for toddlers who are just beginning to explore the world on their own.
Not only is an electric ride on car a fun Christmas present, but it also presents kids with a chance to tackle the obstacle. Dealing with challenges like a bumpy ride also reinforces children's confidence and boosts their self-esteem.
 5) Ride In Electric Cars for Kids Spur Creativity
All parents would nod in agreement when we say that children love make-believe adventures. But do you know that make-believe is essential for creativity and imagination?
When kids get in a ride in electric cars, they weave stories and engage in make-believe play which makes them think critically and builds their problem-solving skills.
 Wondering Where Santa Buys Kids Electric Cars?
From prestigious Audi ride-on cars to kids ford rangers, we have got them all! Browse our extensive collection of safe and durable kids electric cars, electric quads, scooters, balance bikes and other rides on toys on Electric Ride On Cars.
 Merry Christmas!


text:
extend_rectype_net : string * ('a * 'b * thm) -> unit
Extends internal store of distinctness and injectivity theorems for a new
HOL Light maintains several data structures based on the current set of
distinctness and injectivity theorems for the inductive data type so far
defined. A call extend_rectype_net ("tyname",(_,_,rth)) where rth is the
recursion theorem for the type as returned as the second item from
define_type, extend these structures for a new type. Two arguments are
ignored just for regularity with some other internal data structures.
- FAILURE CONDITIONS
Never fails, even if the theorem is malformed.
This function is called automatically by define_type, and normally users will
not need to invoke it explicitly.
- SEE ALSO
basic_rectype_net, define_type, distinctness_store, injectivity_store.