text:
DANIEL KYALO1, ERIC BETT2, BERNHARD FREYER2, RHODA BIRECH3, KIBET NGETICH4
1Egerton University, Agricultural Economics & Agri-Business Management, Kenya
2University of Natural and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU), Inst. of Organic Farming, Austria
3Egerton University, Crop Horticulture and Soil Sciences, Kenya
4Egerton University, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Kenya
The nature of marketing of high value agricultural products such as Organic products has evolved over time, resulting into well coordinated physical, exchange and facilitating functions. However, the degree of market efficiency and effectiveness of these functions is highly influenced by the nature of interactions between the actors and their attributes. The current study aimed at offering policy options for improving marketing of organic products in Kenya through an analysis of the marketing channels. First, the study identified the actors and activities involved in marketing of organic products in Nairobi urban area. Secondly, the commodity (organic fruits and vegetables) attributes, the actors and the activities were analysed with view of determining how they influence two key outcomes: transaction costs and profitability. Primary data for the study was collected through a survey among 31 traders dealing in organic fruits and vegetables within Nairobi city. The data were analysed within the Institutions Analysis and Development (IAD) Framework.
Results indicate that although transaction costs exist in the three channels identified, the nature and magnitude of such costs greatly varies across the channels depending on the number of players and their attributes. Traders incur transaction costs while searching and screening for reliable suppliers and customers, transporting the product and enforcing contracts. Furthermore, the type of transaction costs incurred within each marketing channel highly depends on the level of information asymmetry between actors, the actors' attributes and existing institutional arrangements that are necessary to maintain transactions and counter opportunistic behaviour. The nature of activities and actors within each channel was also found to influence the transaction costs. The study draws imperative policy implications that can be used to reduce the transaction costs incurred in the business of marketing organic products. Some suggested policy options include: improving market information transmission, reforms in legal framework to facilitate contract farming and improved transport infrastructure.
Keywords: Organic food products, organic marketing channels, transaction costs


text:
Samuel Schwab & Edward Zimmerman
Values Codes I-E-L
Samuel Schwab was born in 1837 in Rimpar, Bavaria
Around 1853, Samuel Schwab came to the United States.
He rode the first stagecoach from Salt Lake City, Utah to Helena, Montana.
Edward Zimmerman was born in 1836 in Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany.
In 1855, Edward Zimmerman headed for California's mining towns.
Then, he traveled to Caribou, British Columbia, Portland, Oregon, Walla Walla, Washington and Blackfoot City, Montana.
Samuel Schwab and Edward Zimmerman opened the Cosmopolitan Hotel in Helena, Montana.
In 1883, they expanded the hotel, creating the first four-story building in town.
Both Samuel Schwab and Edward Zimmerman were charter members of the United Hebrew Benevolent Association.
Samuel Schwab married Theckla Feigenbaum (_PHONE_).
Their daughter, Ernestina (_PHONE_) married Edward Zimmerman.
Samuel Schwab died in Helena in 1910.
He is buried at the Home of Peace Cemetery, next to his wife, Theckla who died in 1879.
Edward Zimmerman died in 1918.
He is buried in the Home of Peace Cemetery in Helena, Montana next to his wife, Ernestina, who died in 1894.
- Coleman, Julie L. Golden Opportunities: A Biographical History of Montana's Jewish Communities. Helena, Montana: SkyHouse Publishers, 1994.
- Moses Morris papers, _PHONE_. Montana Historical Society Research Center – Archives and Photographs Archives. _URL_
- Birth/Death Date information from findagrave.com
- Montana Women's History. _URL_
Samantha Silver is our Curator for this Samuel Schwab and Edward Zimmerman Exhibit.
We need pictures and more information to help fill out this exhibit.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Specifies the axis type for the X and Y-axes of a Series.
Assembly: System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization (in System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.dll)
The enumeration represents the axis type used for the X and Y-axes of a Series.
A Series is plotted using two axes, with the exception of pie and doughnut charts. This enumeration is used in conjunction with the XAxisType and YAxisType properties to set the axes used for plotting the associated data points of the series.
For all charts except for bar, stacked bar, pie and doughnut types, the primary and secondary axes are as follows:
Bottom horizontal axis.
Top horizontal axis.
Left vertical axis.
Right vertical axis.
Bar and stacked bar charts have their axes rotated 90 degrees clockwise. For example, the primary X-axis for these two charts is the left-vertical axis.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
John Weiss (28 June 1818 - 9 March 1879) was an American author and clergyman, as well as a noted abolitionist.
Weiss was born in Boston. His father, a German Jew, was a barber in Worcester. He graduated at Harvard in 1837 and at the Harvard Divinity School in 1843, studying abroad in between. He then preached at Watertown, but withdrew on account of his anti-slavery opinions. He was pastor at New Bedford, Massachusetts, for a short time, resigning on account of the failure of his health. After several years of study and travel he resumed his pastorate in the Unitarian church at Watertown in 1859, remaining there until 1870.
On the issue of slavery, the Reverend John Weiss was an outspoken abolitionist. He was an advocate of woman's rights, a rationalist in religion, and a disciple of the transcendental philosophy. He delivered courses of lectures on "Greek Religious Ideas," "Humor in Shakespeare," and "Shakespeare's Women." Of his lectures on Greek religious ideas, Octavius B. Frothingham said: "They were the keenest interpretation of the ancient myths, the most profound, luminous, and sympathetic, I have met with."
He is the author of many reviews, sermons, and magazine articles on literary, biographical, social, and political questions. He also wrote:
- Life and Correspondence of Theodore Parker (2 vols., New York, 1864)
- American Religion (1871)
He edited and translated:
External links


text:
Date of Paper
Type of Paper
Clinical research paper
The purpose of this study was to identify if there is an ongoing dilemma relating to the ethical core values of the current practice of clinical social work in America. The conceptual framework for this study is based on a qualitative paradigm consisting of a synthesis of existing research and the subjective data that was collected and analyzed for the purpose of this research study. This study reveals an ongoing polarized view of the perceived priorities of the ethical constructs of clinical social work as practiced in America over the last 40 years. This study reflects the need for clarification, as well as further research on the part of the National Association of Social Workers, as the NASW hopefully moves forward and provides a more comprehensive and clearly defined national policy regarding the current construct of the ethical model of clinical social work practice.
Ribel, Lawrence A., "Clinical Social Work Practice in America: Has it Maintained its Ethical Core?" (2012). Master of Social Work Clinical Research Papers. 78.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The DNA of century-old apples once grown in Ontario lives on in feral apples now found throughout the province, University of Guelph researchers have discovered.
The finding has implications for the hard apple cider industry, which has recently become enamoured of wild apples and their uniquely rich taste that U of G researchers say may be influenced by ancestral characteristics.
"A relatively small number of varieties that were grown in Ontario more than 100 years ago, some of which are no longer grown commercially, are showing up as likely parents of these feral apples," said Brian Husband, an integrative biology professor who worked on the study with graduate student and primary author Dane Cronin and research associate Paul Kron.
Published in the journal Molecular Ecology, the study entailed trekking through fields and forests across Ontario in search of feral trees for DNA samples.
The researchers used DNA genotyping, a form of barcoding, to evaluate an array of apple genes acquired from apple DNA banks in Canada, the U.S. and Europe, creating a library of genetic identifiers for known varieties grown in Ontario. Apples were first grown commercially in Ontario in the late 1700s.
Using the samples, the researchers examined the genetic similarities between known varieties and feral trees, particularly those near traditional apple-growing regions.
"The most surprising aspect of this research was how prevalent heritage apple cultivars are in the genetic lineages of feral apple tree populations," said Cronin. "This could suggest these feral trees have an origin that dates back a century or more, or that heritage cultivars are present in abandoned orchards and are still contributing to the gene pool."
Apple trees – and the fruit and seeds that grow on them – are produced only through mating of two genetically different varieties. That means feral apples are combinations of past varieties. Two distinct feral trees can also mate with each other, as can a feral tree with a commercial variety.
Feral apples were long suspected to be hybrids between commercially grown species and a native crabapple tree, but this study found that not to be the case.
After comparing the genes of 578 naturalized feral trees to those of 156 non-feral varieties, as well as some ornamental species, the researchers discovered feral varieties originate strictly from commercially grown species. The study revealed parents of many feral apple trees comprise nine heritage cultivars — all varieties grown before 1900 — that accounted for 72 per cent of the identified parental lineages in the analysis.
"The origin of feral trees wasn't so much the commercial apples fertilizing native crabapple, but rather these escaped apples that were now out there and growing wild," said Husband. "The legacy of these old cultivars, some of which are no longer in production, reside in the mixed genomes of these wild apples."
This finding provides insight into why feral apples have the strong taste that hard cider producers are after.
Over the last century or more, the Canadian apple industry has focused on the fresh market and eating apples, which are not ideal for cider, said Husband.
"Few suitable cider varieties are currently available in Ontario, so cider producers have begun looking at feral apples because they have the right taste."
Cronin said the characteristics of feral populations may resemble varieties of apples that were grown hundreds of years ago by Ontario cider makers.
"The interesting flavours and aromas found in feral apple fruit might appeal to the Ontario apple industry in creating unique cider beverages," he said. "There is a vast trove of untapped genetic potential in the natural landscape of southern Ontario that could be used to enhance or diversify the commercial cider industry."
Some cider producers have begun mapping and evaluating unique apple strains found growing in abandoned orchards, hedgerows and historical properties, looking for those that are suitable for making hard cider, Husband added.
"There is definitely a growing interest in feral apples. Cider producers are looking for interesting flavours, and feral apples with heritage traits may be just what they are looking for."
Prof. Brian Husband


_USER_ {cheval_early-life_2019, title = {Early-life socioeconomic circumstances explain health differences in old age, but not their evolution over time}, journal = {J Epidemiol Community Health}, year = {2019}, note = {{:status: Advance online publication}}, abstract = {Background Early-life socioeconomic circumstances (SEC) are associated with health in old age. However, epidemiological evidences on the influence of these early-life risk factors on trajectories of healthy ageing are inconsistent, preventing drawing solid conclusion about their potential influence. Here, to fill this knowledge gap, we used a statistical approach adapted to estimating change over time and an outcome-wide epidemiology approach to investigate whether early-life SEC were associated with the level of and rate of decline of physical, cognitive and emotional functioning over time. Methods We used data on more than 23 000 adults in older age from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, a 12-year large-scale longitudinal study with repeated measurements of multiple health indicators of the same participants over time (2004 {\textendash}2015, assessments every 2 years). Confounder-adjusted linear growth curve models were used to examine the associations of early-life SEC with the evolution of muscle strength, lung function, cognitive function, depressive symptoms and well-being over time. Results We consistently found an association between early-life SEC and the mean levels of all health indicators at age 63.5, with a critical role played by the cultural aspect of disadvantage. These associations were only partly explained by adult-life SEC factors. By contrast, evidences supporting an association between early-life SEC and the rate of change in health indicators were weak and inconsistent. Conclusions Early-life SEC are associated with health in old age, but not with trajectories of healthy ageing. Conceptual models in life course research should consider the possibility of a limited influence of early-life SEC on healthy ageing trajectories.}, keywords = {ageing trajectories, early life, health status, Healthy ageing, Socioeconomic factors, www2}, issn = {0143-005X, _PHONE_}, doi = {10.1136/jech-2019-212110}, url = {_URL_ author = {Cheval, Boris and Orsholits, Dan and Sieber, Stefan and Stringhini, Silvia and Courvoisier, Delphine and Kliegel, Matthias and Boisgontier, Matthieu P. and Cullati, St{\'e}phane} }


text:
Tool Estimates Streamflow
NEW CUMBERLAND, Pa. -- Water resource managers can now estimate daily baseline streamflows in a matter of minutes for any location along Pennsylvania's waterways.The Baseline Streamflow Estimator, called "BaSE," provides users with estimated daily mean streamflow, minimally altered by human activities, for locations on Pennsylvania streams that don't have streamgages. Pennsylvania is one of the first states in the nation to have such a tool.
"BaSE provides water-resource managers with nearly 50 years of daily mean streamflow for ungaged sites in a matter of minutes that they can use for their projects. These daily values can then be used to generate a number of streamflow statistics that may be needed for decision making," said Marla Stuckey, USGS hydrologist and project lead in Pennsylvania.
Water-resource managers use daily mean streamflow to evaluate withdrawal, allocation, and wastewater permit applications and to assess the health of the Commonwealth's streams. Historically, it has been difficult, costly, and time intensive to estimate daily mean streamflow for stream locations that were not gaged, or monitored. Now, BaSE allows users to estimate daily mean streamflow values and daily hydrographs by entering a few basic basin characteristics in an easy-to-use tool. The output is a summary spreadsheet, containing information about the location of interest, including daily mean streamflow for every day from 1960 to 2008.
BaSE relies on a methodology that uses flow-duration curves, which illustrate the percentage of time, or probability, that a flow value in a stream will equal or exceed a particular value. Flow-duration curves are generated for reference streamgage locations with monitored streamflow and the curves are transferred to ungaged locations to estimate daily mean streamflow.
BaSE chooses the most appropriate reference streamgage for the ungaged location and applies newly developed regression equations to convert the transferred flow duration curve to streamflow at the ungaged location.
A USGS Scientific Investigations Report describing BaSE can be found online.
Source: US Geological Survey


Main Content
Tune Parameter Structures by Using Simulink Real-Time Explorer
To reduce the number of workspace variables you must maintain and avoid name conflicts, you can group closely related parameters into structures. See Organize Related Block Parameter Definitions in Structures.
In this example, the initial model slrt_ex_osc has four parameters that determine the shape of the output waveform.
BlockParameterStructure Field ExpressionInitial Value
Signal Generator
Freq
spkp.sg_freq
20
Gain
Gain
spkp.g_gain
1000^2
Gain1
Gain
spkp.g1_gain
2*0.2*1000
Gain2
Gain
spkp.g2_gain
1000^2
Create Parameter Structure
This procedure groups some closely related parameters into structures.
 1. Open model slrt_ex_osc, and save a copy of the model to a working folder.
 2. Open the Base Workspace in the Model Explorer. On the Modeling tab, click Base Workspace.
 3. Click Add Simulink Parameter .
 4. In the Name column, type the name spkp.
 5. In the Storage class field, select ExportedGlobal.
 6. In the Value field, type as one line:
 struct('sg_freq',20, ...
 'g2_gain',1000^2, ...
 'g1_gain',2*0.2*1000, ...
 'g_gain',1000^2)
 7. The field values duplicate the literal values in the dialog boxes. To change the field values, in row spkp, click the Value cell and click Edit .
 Use Model Explorer to access structured parameters.
 8. Click Apply.
 9. Save the model as slrt_ex_osc_struct. On the Simulation tab, from Save, click Save As.
Replace Block Parameters with Parameter Structure Fields
 1. In the Signal Generator block, replace the value of parameter Frequency with spkp.sg_freq.
 2. In the Gain block, replace the value of parameter Gain with spkp.g_gain.
 3. In the Gain1 block, replace the value of parameter Gain with spkp.g1_gain.
 4. In the Gain2 block, replace the value of parameter Gain with spkp.g2_gain.
Save and Load Parameter Structure
 1. In Model Explorer, right-click row spkp.
 2. Click Export selected and save the variable as slrt_ex_osc_struct.mat.
To load the parameter structure when you open the model, add a load command to the PreLoadFcn callback. To remove the parameter structure from the workspace when you close the model, add a clear command to the CloseFcn callback. For more information, see Model Callbacks.
Tune Parameters in a Parameter Structure
If you have not completed the steps in Create Parameter Structure, Replace Block Parameters with Parameter Structure Fields, and Save and Load Parameter Structure, you can start by using the completed model.
 1. To open the model, in the MATLAB Command Window, type:
 openExample('slrealtime/SlrtTuneParameterStructuresByUsingMATLABLanguageExample');
 open_system('slrt_ex_osc_struct');
 load('slrt_ex_osc_struct.mat');
 2. Build the real-time application for the target computer. In the Real-Time tab, click Run on Target > Build Application.
 3. Open Simulink Real-Time Explorer. In the Real-Time tab, click Prepare > SLRT Explorer.
 4. Connect to the target computer, then load the real-time application. Click Load Application to select the slrt_ex_osc_struct application.
 5. Set the real-time application Stop Time to Inf.
 6. Click the Parameters tab.
 7. Start the real-time application.
 8. Open the Simulation Data Inspector and view the signals from the real-time application.
 9. In the Values text box for spkp(1).g1_gain, change the value to 800 and press Enter.
 10. Observe the change to the signals in the Simulation Data Inspector.
 11. Stop the real-time application.
Related Topics


GNU Radio Manual and C++ API Reference
The Free & Open Software Radio Ecosystem
QT Graphical User Interface
This is the gr-qtgui package. It contains various QT-based graphical user interface blocks that add graphical sinks to a GNU Radio flowgraph. The Python namespaces is in gnuradio.qtgui, which would be normally imported as:
from gnuradio import qtgui
See the Doxygen documentation for details about the blocks available in this package. The relevant blocks are listed in the QT Graphical Interfaces group.
A quick listing of the details can be found in Python after importing by using:
There are a number of available QTGUI blocks for different plotting purposes. These include:
The time domain, frequency domain, and waterfall have both a complex and a floating point block. The constellation plot only makes sense with complex inputs. The time raster plots accept bits and floats.
Because the time raster plots are designed to show structure over time in a signal, frame, packet, etc., they never drop samples. This is a
fairly taxing job and performance can be an issue. Since it is expected that this block will work on a frame or packet structure, we tend to be at the lowest possible rate at this point, so that will help. Expect performance issues at high data rates.
Note: There seem to be extra performance issue with the raster plotters in QWT version 5 that were fixed with QWT version 6. As such, the time raster plots have incredibly poor performance with QWT5 to the point of almost being unusable. In the future, we may restrict compilation and installation of these plots only if QWT6 or higher is discovered. For now, just be aware of this limitation.
Drop-Down Menu and Interacting with Plots
All QTGUI sinks have interactive capabilities.
 - Zooming is done simply by clicking the left mouse button and dragging a rectangle around the area to zoom.
 - Zooming can be done in multiple steps.
 - A right mouse click will zoom out one step.
 - Ctrl+Right mouse click will zoom all the way out.
 - Ctrl+Middle mouse click and hold can drag the canvas around.
 - Mouse wheel up/down will zoom out/in on y axis (both axes in constellation plot).
 - Middle mouse button brings up a context menu.
Each type of graph has a different set of menu items in the context menu. Most have some way to change the appearance of the lines or surfaces, such as changing the line width color, marker, and transparency. Other common features can set the sampling rate, turn a grid on an off, pause and unpause (stop/start) the display update, and save the current figure. Specific feature are things like setting the number of points to display, setting the FFT size, FFT window, and any FFT averaging.
Triggering Menu for Time Plots
The time plots have triggering capabilities. Triggering can happen when the signal of a specific channel crosses (positive or negative slope) a certain level threshold. Or triggering can be done off a specific stream tag such that whenever a tag of a given key is found, the scope will trigger.
In the signal level mode, the trigger can be either 'auto' or 'normal' where the latter will only trigger when the even is seen. The 'auto' mode will trigger on the event or every so often even if no trigger is found. The 'free' mode ignores ignores triggering and continuously plots.
By default, the triggers plot the triggering event at the x=0 (i.e., the left-most point in the plot). A delay can be set to delay the signal along the x-axis to observe any signal before the triggering event. The delay feature works the same for both level and tag triggers. The delay is set according to time in seconds, not samples. So the delay can be calculated as the number of samples divided by the sample rate given to the block.
All trigger settings (mode, slope, level, delay, channel, and tag key) are settable in the GRC properties boxes to easily set up a repeatable environment.
A note on the trigger delay setting. This value is limited by the buffer size and/or the number of points being display. It is capped by the minimum of these two values. The buffer size issue is generally only a problem when plotting a large number of samples. However, if the delay is set large to begin with (in the GRC properties box or before top_block.start() is called), then the buffers are resized accordingly offering more freedom. This should be a problem in a limited number of scenarios, but a log INFO level message is produced when asking for the delay outside of the available range.
The QT GUI blocks require the following dependencies.
 - QtCore (version >= 4.4)
 - QtGui (version >= 4.4)
 - QtOpenGL (version >= 4.4)
 - PyQt4 for Qt4 (version >= 4.4)
 - Qwt (version >= 5.2)
To use the qtgui interface, a bit of boiler-plate lines must be included. First, the sink is defined, then it must be exposed from C++ into Python using the "sip.wrapinstance" command, and finally, the "show" method is run on the new Python object. This sets up the QT environment to show the widget, but the qApplication must also be launched.
In the "main" function of the code, the qApp is retrieved. Then, after the GNU Radio top block is started (remember that start() is a non-blocking call to launch the main thread of the flowgraph), the qapp's "exec_()" function is called. This function is a blocking call while the GUI is alive.
from PyQt4 import Qt
from gnuradio import qtgui
import sys, sip
class grclass(gr.top_block):
self.snk = qtgui.sink_c(1024, _TAG_
samp_rate, _TAG_
"QT GUI Plot") _TAG_
self.snk_win = sip.wrapinstance(self.snk.pyqwidget(), Qt.QWidget)
def main():
qapp = Qt.QApplication(sys.argv)
tb = grclass()
There are graphical controls in all but the combined plotting tools. In the margins of the GUIs (that is, not on the canvas showing the signal itself), right-clicking the mouse will pull up a drop-down menu that will allow you to change difference parameters of the plots. These include things like the look of the lines (width, color, style, markers, etc.), the ability to start and stop the display, the ability to save to a file, and other plot-specific controls (FFT size for the frequency and waterfall plots, etc.).
There is currently a single configuration option in the preferences files to set the rendering engine of the QTGUI sinks. Located in etc/gnuradio/conf.d/gr-qtgui.conf:
style = raster
The available styles are:
 - opengl: the fastest but not likely to always work
 - raster: fast and stable; terrible X forwarding performance
 - native: most compute intensive; very good over X
We default this setting to raster for the mix of performance and usability. When using QTGUI sinks through an X-forwarding session over SSH, switch to using 'native' for a significant speed boost on the remote end.
We can also set a QT Style Sheet (QSS) file to adjust the look of our plotting tools. Set the 'qss' option of the 'qtgui' section in our configuration file to a QSS file. An example QSS file is distributed with the QTGUI examples found in share/gnuradio/examples/qt-gui/dark.qss.


::Module for the operations you can perform on a module object.
If even this fancy guessing doesn't enable parse_module to create a fake module object for you to use, it will warn about an error and return false.
$bool = $cb->reload_indices( [update_source => BOOL, verbose => BOOL] );
This method reloads the source files.
If update_source is set to true, this will fetch new source files from your CPAN mirror. Otherwise, reload_indices will do its usual cache checking and only update them if they are out of date.
By default, update_source will be false.
The verbose setting defaults to what you have specified in your config file.
Returns true on success and false on failure.
$bool = $cb->flush(CACHE_NAME)
This method allows flushing of caches. There are several things which can be flushed:
 - methods
 The return status of methods which have been attempted, such as different ways of fetching files. It is recommended that automatic flushing be used instead.
 - hosts
 The return status of URIs which have been attempted, such as different hosts of fetching files. It is recommended that automatic flushing be used instead.
 - modules
 Information about modules such as prerequisites and whether installation succeeded, failed, or was not attempted.
 - lib
 This resets PERL5LIB, which is changed to ensure that while installing modules they are in our @INC.
 - load
 This resets the cache of modules we've attempted to load, but failed. This enables you to load them again after a failed load, if they somehow have become available.
 - all
 Flush all of the aforementioned caches.
Returns true on success and false on failure.
@mods = $cb->installed()
Returns a list of module objects of all your installed modules. If an error occurs, it will return false.
See CPANPLUS::Module for the operations you can perform on a module object.
$bool = $cb->local_mirror([path => '/dir/to/save/to', index_files => BOOL, force => BOOL, verbose => BOOL] )
Creates a local mirror of CPAN, of only the most recent sources in a location you specify. If you set this location equal to a custom host in your CPANPLUS::Config you can use your local mirror to install from.
It takes the following arguments:
path
The location where to create the local mirror.
index_files
Enable/disable fetching of index files. This is ok if you don't plan to use the local mirror as your primary sites, or if you'd like up-to-date index files be fetched from elsewhere.
Defaults to true.
force
Forces refetching of packages, even if they are there already.
Defaults to whatever setting you have in your CPANPLUS::Config.
verbose
Prints more messages about what its doing.
Defaults to whatever setting you have in your CPANPLUS::Config.
Returns true on success and false on error.
$file = $cb->autobundle([path => OUTPUT_PATH, force => BOOL, verbose => BOOL])
Writes out a snapshot of your current installation in CPAN bundle style. This can then be used to install the same modules for a different or on a different machine.
It will, by default, write to an 'autobundle' directory under your cpanplus homedirectory, but you can override that by supplying a path argument.
It will return the location of the output file on success and false on failure.
BUG REPORTS
Please report bugs or other issues to <_EMAIL_<gt>.
AUTHOR
This module by Jos Boumans <_EMAIL_>.
COPYRIGHT
The CPAN++ interface (of which this module is a part of) is copyright (c) 2001 - 2007, Jos Boumans <_EMAIL_>. All rights reserved.
This library is free software; you may redistribute and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
SEE ALSO
CPANPLUS::Configure, CPANPLUS::Module, CPANPLUS::Module::Author


Shakespeare's Life and Family
Random History or Shakespeare Quiz
Can you name the Answers about Shakespeare's Life and Family??
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Shakespeares first name.
Shakespeares Wife's full name.
Shakespeare first born child.
Shakespeares twins names.
Date Shakespeare was born.
Date Shakespeare died.
His home town.
His theatre.
The name of his first acting troupe.
The second name of his troupe.
The queen during his time.
One of the 3 plays performed from _PHONE_.
How many years older was his wife?
How many months pregnant was she when they got married?
Did Shakespeare go to grammar school?
Shakespears father.
Shakespeares mother.
How many sonnets did he write in his lifetime?
How many plays did he write in his lifetime?
One types of play he wrote.
Year their first child was born.
Name the child that died before he did.
The class actors were considered.
The age of characters that Shakespeare often played.
How old was he when he got married?
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text:
Mapping of places of historical events and personalities in the context of inclusion, providing accessible information in sign and plain language about monuments and places of remembrance, giving silences memories a platform.
The Denk.mal Inklusiv team is made up of people with and without disabilities who are committed to inclusive commemoration.
We are a loose association of the non-profit organizations Kopf, Hand + Fuß, Schwarzenberg e.V. and other freelancers, will soon present its current project memorymApp.
MemorymApp is an inclusive map that provides information about places of remebrance in Berlin accessible to everybody. Selected monuments and places of remembrance are presented in plain language and in sign language. The group Denk.mal Inklusiv has collected this information, translated it into easy language and sign language and put it online.
The map invites visitors to participate. Contributions are collected from all interested parties about places that are still missing from the map. More details will be available soon at _URL_.
Development of an accessible map of Berlin's places of remembrance that functions similarly to a wiki
Accessible content in plain and sign langauge developped


Home directory
The home directory is the user's initial working directory for the integrated file system. The home directory is the user's current directory if a different current directory has not been specified.
Add User prompt:
Not shown
CL parameter:
HOMEDIR
If the home directory specified in the profile does not exist when the user signs on, the user's home directory is the "root" (/) directory.
Table 1. Possible values for HOMEDIR:
Value Description
*USRPRF The home directory assigned to the user is /home/xxxxx, where xxxxx is the user's profile name.
home-directory The name of the home directory to assign to this user.


Voice over BLE
Bluetooth SDK version 2.6.0 introduces a new software example for Thunderboard Sense (TB Sense) boards, called SoC – Voice over Bluetooth Low Energy (VoBLE). The example can be created directly from Simplicity Studio's Launcher after a Thunderboard Sense is connected to the PC.
The application samples data from the microphone on TB Sense, runs it through a filter and codec, and sends it over the Bluetooth link to a GATT client.
The GATT client application, which can receive the samples from the Thunderboard, is made available as an NCP host code. It can be run on a PC connected to an EFR32 device programmed with NCP - target image. The default location of the VoBLE NCP host app is:
How it Works
The block diagram below summarizes the data flow from the microphone into the Bluetooth link.
Block Diagram
The EFR32 on the TB Sense samples the microphone using the ADC with the sampling rate and resolution configured by the GATT client. The sampled data is then run through a digital filter (if the filter usage is enabled) and coded using ADPCM codec before being sent via the Bluetooth link to the GATT client using notifications.
By default, the high pass filter (HPF) is set as the preferred digital filter. To change the filter type, configure it in the Thunderboard Sense software before compiling. The supported filter types are listed in filter_type_t in filter.h.
/** Filter types */
typedef enum {
 LPF, /**< Low Pass Filter */
 HPF, /**< High Pass Filter */
 BPF, /**< Band Pass Filter */
 NOTCH, /**< Notch Filter */
 PEQ, /**< Peaking Band EQ Filter */
 LSH, /**< Low Shelf Filter */
 HSH /**< High Shelf Filter */
To change the filter and filtering parameters, choose one of the filters listed above and configure the DEFAULT_FILTER -macro.
/** Default filter */
_TAG_ DEFAULT_FILTER \
 { \
 HPF, /** Default filter type */ \
 0, /** Default gain */ \
 100, /** Default frequency */ \
 8000, /** Default sampling rate */ \
 2, /** Default bandwidth in octaves*/ \
On the GATT client side, the application starts by sending the configurations to the TB Sense and idles until audio data is received over notifications. Finally, the received data is saved into a file.
Setting up
To test this solution, you need one TB Sense and one WSTK with any of our EFR32BG/MG or BGM radio boards.
Thunderboard Sense (GATT Server)
 1. Attach the Thunderboard Sense to your PC.
 2. Open Simplicity Studio and select your board (Thunderboard Sense).
 3. Click on the SoC – Voice over Bluetooth Low Energy tile in the Software Examples column to create a new project.
 4. Optionally change the filter type as described earlier.
 5. Build and flash the project to the Thunderboard Sense.
WSTK (GATT Client)
 1. Attach the WSTK (with any radio board) to your PC.
 2. Open Simplicity Studio and select your board (WSTK with any radio board).
 3. Click on the NCP target - Empty tile in the Demos column to run the NCP target code on the board.
 4. Open a command prompt and navigate to.
 5. Run make-command (it is recommended to use mingw32, but cygwin can also work).
 This will create four new folders: build, exe, lst and scripts.
 6. Navigate to the exe-subdirectory. If the compiling was successful, you will see the executable application called voice_over_bluetooth_low_energy_app.exe.
Running voice_over_bluetooth_low_energy_app.exe, you should be greeted by the following help message.
Help message
The program can be configured using the flags shown in the above image. When giving the parameters to the program, all units must be omitted.
Few notes about the parameters:
Saving the Audio into a File
To record audio into an audio file using this ncp-host-application, you will have to provide at least the following parameters (examples in parenthesis):
In the example below, the verbose mode is used with the default settings for both sampling rate and resolution (16 kHz and 12 bits respectively) and saving the audio data in a file called my_audio_file.
Command output
If you have activated the verbose mode, as in the above image, you will get status messages from the GATT client application. The application will stop printing status messages after is has written all the configurations, which in the above image happens after transfer status has successfully been enabled. When the initialization is done, the GATT client (ncp-host) is ready to receive data from the TB Sense.
To start recording and streaming audio data over the BLE link, press and hold TB Sense BTN0 (left button). After the button is pressed, you should see activity on the terminal window, summarizing the transmission progress. All audio data will be saved to a file defined by the output filename -parameter ( my_audio_file.ima in this example ). If a file with a same name already exists, the audio data is appended to the end of that file.
To end the transmission in progress, send a interrupt signal to the application. On Windows OS, a keyboard interrupt signal can be sent with CTRL+C key combination.
Importing to Audacity
(Conversion with SoX explained in the next chapter)
To listen to the audio, you can use a freeware tool such as Audacity to import and decode the data. In Audacity, select File -> Import -> Raw Data and select the audio file you have created. The select VOX ADPCM encoding and write down the sample rate that you used, either 8000 or 16000 Hz. In this example 16000 Hz was used.
Audacity Raw Conversion
After the file is imported, you can listen to it by pressing the Play button on the top left corner. Then, you can export the file to wav format through File -> Export Audio.
Optionally, you can also upload it to Watson's Speech to Text to get a speech transcription of the audio recording.
Watson Speech to Text
Using the Provided Scripts
There are few scripts provided to streamline the process, by using a command line audio editing software called SoX. To use the scripts, install the SoX 14.4.1 on your machine (SoX 14.4.2 has issues when capturing standard output, for that reason it is required to use the previous version). Windows scripts can be found from …\scripts\win -directory.
Executes the voice_over_bluetooth_low_energy_app.exe using the parameters given in the config -file.
A helper script that is used to define settings.
_USER_ off
set CURRENT_DIR=%~dp0
set VOBLE_APP=voice_over_bluetooth_low_energy_app.exe
set VOBLE_APP_PARAM=-p COM8 -b 115200 -o audio_data.ima -t 1
set SOX_APP="C:\Program Files (x86)\sox-14-4-1\sox.exe"
Configuration options:
Searches the exe-folder for all files of a specified format and converts them to wav-format using SoX. Works for.ima or.s16 files.
Usage: convert.bat ima --OR-- convert.bat s16
The source code of this project can be found in the Bluetooth SDK, as explained in the Description section.


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ActivistTM: Conspicuous Consumption and Social Change
Sophie van den Elzen
What does the good fight smell like? For the 2019 holiday season, well-known cosmetics franchise The Body Shop has laid claim to the answer and has bottled a "lasting warm and spicy scent" under the name ActivistTM. I recently came across this product during my Christmas shopping and had difficulty picturing what ethically-sourced pine tree this present might fit under.
The Body Shop's new fragrance is 'on brand'. It conveys an image that the company has cultivated for years: of being a 'revolutionary' cruelty-free and sustainable cosmetics producer. At the same time, it points to a wider consumer trend inspired by the waves of protest that have captured popular imagination in the past decade, from which brands like The Body Shop and Pepsi seek to benefit. The incorporation of conspicuous elements of activist counterculture into the mainstream is not just visible in retail. It is also seen in large-scale pop culture events such as the 2016 Superbowl half-time show, in which Beyoncé put on a Black Panther-inspired performance and Coldplay staged a marriage-equality rainbow wave. In 'high culture', one sees it reflected in curatorial decisions that are captured under the umbrella term 'museum activism'. Where does 'genuine' activism end and consumer behaviour begin? Is their entanglement a sinister new development of late stage capitalism or a fluctuating fixture of political activism? Looking back at the nineteenth-century movements I study for my PhD research may suggest some answers to this set of questions.
At the turn of the twentieth century, English suffragettes and their sympathisers could signal their allegiance to the cause by wearing suffrage accessories in purple, white and green, the official colours of the Women's Social and Political Union. These ranged from simple buttons to elaborate jewelry for wealthier aspirants, like the silver 'Holloway Brooches' Sylvia Pankhurst designed in 1909. In some cases, purchase of these products supported the cause of female suffrage. In others, however, profits went to high-end retailers. London jewelers Mappin and Webb, for instance, included "Suffrage Jewelry" in their 1908 Christmas catalogue, as a Vogue article inspired by the 2015 feature film Suffragette tells us (an example of a layer cake of activism and consumerism).
The suffragettes' strategic merchandise drew on older traditions of women's social engagement through display, production and consumption. The campaigns to end slavery and the slave trade involved conspicuous production and consumption beyond the halls of the charity bazaar. Some adherents chose to wear abolition jewelry, such as the 'Slave Medallion', a cameo which was mass produced by British pottery manufacturer Josiah Wedgwood. The popular demand for this symbol (accessory?) brought the famous movement motto (slogan?) "Am I Not A Man and a Brother?" to wide audiences. Astoundingly, late eighteenth-century British campaigns to convince women to boycott sugar from the West Indies produced a range of abolitionist crockery, bringing antislavery arguments to that European altar of colonial consumption: the family tea table.
The blurring of the lines between consumer culture and social engagement has drawn considerable criticism over the last few years. In his typically bleak 2014 opinion piece, Slavoj Žižek considers the commodification of social engagement to be a way of integrating the legacy of 1968 into capitalism. But even though anti-consumerism may have been a pillar of many hippie and student movements of the sixties, conspicuous consumption has been a component of social reform since the development of modern activism in the late eighteenth century.
What is more, the significance of production and consumption for social movements goes beyond short-term political and fundraising goals. Imagery and design features that are aimed towards broad audiences have left lasting traces in cultural memory. They produce mobile visual icons through which we often recall these movements and exert their influence on the visual language of other movements across time and space (see, for example, the wide reuse of Frank Cieciorka's 1967 woodcut of the clenched fist salute across both serious and poppy domains).
The Body Shop's recent allspice article, of course, has none of this expressive potential. It speaks only to the appeal of a certain self-image or species of fuzzy feeling associated with believing oneself ally to a worthy cause. The design of its plain, matte black bottle conveys a sense of laser-focused commitment, while conveniently avoiding the risk of alienating customers with reference to any cause in particular. Clever. To my mind, ActivistTM points to the curious heights the consumption-side of what seems to be an old activist-consumption seesaw, has recently taken.


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Established in 1667 by Margrave Frederick (later to
become King Frederick I), the Orden Pour le Mérite was originally known as the Brandenburg Ordre de la Génerosité (Order of Generosity). Reorganized by Frederick II in 1740, it
became the Orden Pour le Mérite (Order of Merit) and was awarded to military personnel and
civilians. The Order was again reorganized in 1810 by Frederick William III who reserved it solely for
individual military achievement on the battlefield against the enemy. After the Prussian army occupied
Paris in 1814, a total of 1,662 Pour le Mérites were awarded. Of those, 1,470 Pour le
Mérites were awarded to Russians. In 1842, Frederick William IV added a civil class for scholars,
painters, sculptors, and musicians. Following the armistice of 1918, the Orden Pour le Mérite was never again awarded for military service.
During World War I, Prussia's highest military award, the Orden Pour le Mérite, was awarded to officers for repeated and continual gallantry
in action. It was never awarded posthumously and recipients were required to wear the medal whenever they were in uniform.
Of all officers in the German army and navy, the most
frequent recipients of the Orden Pour le Mérite were junior officers in the German Air Force.
During World War I, it was awarded to 81 German military aviators: 76 army aviators and 5 naval
aviators. Of that total, 78 of the recipients were officers who held the rank of Captain or below.


text:
|کد مقاله||کد نشریه||سال انتشار||مقاله انگلیسی||ترجمه فارسی||نسخه تمام متن|
|447426||693429||2016||6 صفحه PDF||سفارش دهید||دانلود کنید|
Linearly polarized transparent dielectric resonator antenna (TDRA) transmitarray is designed and investigated for 12 GHz applications. A parametric study on the effect of solar-cell position on the radiation characteristics of the TDRA transmitarray. The unit cell consists of two TDRAs arranged back-to-back with one on either side of a perfect transparent conducting ground plane. The waveguide model is used to calculate the required compensation phase of each cell in the transmitarray. The radiation characteristics of a 9 × 9 linearly polarized transparent transmitarray antenna are investigated in different positions of solar-cell with respect to the DRA. The peak gain is 20.22 dB with a 1-dB gain bandwidth is more than 2 GHz (16.67%) for the TDRA transmitarray without solar-cell. The solar-cell is integrated with TDRA transmitarray with different positions for small satellite applications. The radiation characteristics of the transmitarray are simulated and calculated using the finite integral technique (FIT).
Journal: AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications - Volume 70, Issue 4, April 2016, Pages 436–441


text:
Nowadays, the need to increase pavement service life, guarantee high performance, reduce service and maintenance costs has been turned a greater attention on the use of reinforcements. This paper presents findings of a numerical investigation on geogrid reinforced flexible pavement roads, under wheel traffic loads, using a three-dimensional Finite Element Method (FEM). The results obtained show the effectiveness of glass fibre grids as reinforcement which, with appropriate design and correct installation, by improving interface shear resistance, can be used to expand the performance of flexible pavements in different ways: by increasing the road service life providing a relevant contribution against superficial rutting or by decreasing the construction costs due to the reduction in the reinforced HMA layer thickness and thus of mineral aggregate required for its construction.
|Titolo:||3D - FEM Analysis on geogrid reinforced flexible pavement roads|
|Data di pubblicazione:||2017|
|Appare nelle tipologie:||1.1 Articolo in rivista|
File in questo prodotto:
|Calvarano_2017_IOP_Conf._Ser.__Earth_Environ._Sci._95_022024.pdf||Articolo principale||Versione Editoriale (PDF)||Open Access Visualizza/Apri|


text:
How do I make the signal list compare measurements made with the detectors used to different limit lines in my MXE EMI Receiver?
You can configure the signal list to compare the measurements made by all three detectors used to a different limit line.
For example, as the default, all three detectors used will be compared to Limit Line #1. You can configure Detector #2 to be compared to Limit Line #2 instead by doing the following:
- Press Meas Setup, Detectors (Measure)
- Press Select Detector, Detector 2
- Press Limit for Delta, Limit 2
- Select OK when asked to confirm the change
If you already have measurement values in the signal list and you would like to update the difference between them and the newly selected limit line do the following:
- Press Meas Setup, More, Limits
- Press More, Update Delta Limit
The signal list will now be comparing the values measured with Detector #2 to Limit Line #2.


text:
Infrared (IR) image simulation is an important data source for various target recognition systems. However, whether simulated IR images could be used as training data for classifiers depends on the features of fidelity and authenticity of simulated IR images. For evaluation of IR image features, a deep-representation-based algorithm is proposed. Being different from conventional methods, which usually adopt a priori knowledge or manually designed feature, the proposed method can extract essential features and quantitatively evaluate the utility of simulated IR images. First, for data preparation, we employ our IR image simulation system to generate large amounts of IR images. Then, we present the evaluation model of simulated IR image, for which an end-to-end IR feature extraction and target detection model based on deep convolutional neural network is designed. At last, the experiments illustrate that our proposed method outperforms other verification algorithms in evaluating simulated IR images. Cross-validation, variable proportion mixed data validation, and simulation process contrast experiments are carried out to evaluate the utility and objectivity of the images generated by our simulation system. The optimum mixing ratio between simulated and real data is 0.2≤γ≤0.3, which is an effective data augmentation method for real IR images.
Tank, as a vital ground weapon, plays an irreplaceable role in the war. The article did the research of infrared image of the tank. Firstly, the 3D model of tank was established. And then the infrared radiation model of the target was constructed by analysing the infrared characteristics of the tank's different parts.. Finally the infrared radiation value of the tank under different states was calculated and the simulation of infrared characteristics of the tank under different states was done, which will provide reference for the research on infrared characteristics of the army's battlefield target.
Template matching algorithm is one of the important image-based Automatic Target Recognition methods. Traditional normalized cross correlation (NCC) algorithm used in infrared image matching has a strong antinoise performance but low computing speed. Meanwhile, although sequential similarity detection algorithm (SSDA) performs a shorter time than NCC, it has lower accuracy. In order to solve the low target recognition rate and slow speed of infrared image recognition problems, a new matching algorithm based on infrared image is presented, which integrates the advantages of two methods. The fusion algorithm improves the matching speed and reduces the probability of matching error. The experimental results confirm that the proposed approach has higher efficiency and accuracy in infrared image matching than original algorithms. Comparing with NCC and SSDA, it shortens large recognition time and enhances the right matching ratio respectively. In addition, the improved algorithm is real-time and robust against noise. It is significant to the research and development of automatic target recognition technology for different kinds of real-time detection system.


Calories to Celsius heat units (IT) (cal to CHU)
Convert calories to Celsius heat units (IT)
Calories to Celsius heat units (IT) conversion calculator shown above calculates how many Celsius heat units (IT) are in 'X' calories (where 'X' is the number of calories to convert to Celsius heat units (IT)). In order to convert a value from calories to Celsius heat units (IT) (from cal to CHU) just type the number of cal to be converted to CHU and then click on the 'convert' button.
Calories to Celsius heat units (IT) conversion factor
1 calorie is equal to 0.0022031482396616 Celsius heat units (IT)
Calories to Celsius heat units (IT) conversion formula
Energy(CHU) = Energy (cal) × 0.0022031482396616
Example: Consider a energy of 105 calories. Below are the steps to convert them to Celsius heat units (IT).
Energy(CHU) = 105 ( cal ) × 0.0022031482396616 ( CHU / cal )
Energy(CHU) = 0.23133056516447 CHU or
105 cal = 0.23133056516447 CHU
105 calories equals 0.23133056516447 Celsius heat units (IT)
Calories to Celsius heat units (IT) conversion table
calories (cal)Celsius heat units (IT) (CHU)
120.026437778875939
220.048469261272556
320.070500743669172
420.092532226065788
520.1145637084624
620.13659519085902
720.15862667325564
820.18065815565225
920.20268963804887
1020.22472112044549
1120.2467526028421
1220.26878408523872
1320.29081556763533
1420.31284705003195
1520.33487853242857
calories (cal)Celsius heat units (IT) (CHU)
3000.66094447189849
4000.88125929586465
5001.1015741198308
6001.321888943797
7001.5422037677631
8001.7625185917293
9001.9828334156955
10002.2031482396616
11002.4234630636278
12002.6437778875939
13002.8640927115601
14003.0844075355263
15003.3047223594924
16003.5250371834586
17003.7453520074248
Versions of the calories to Celsius heat units (IT) conversion table. To create a calories to Celsius heat units (IT) conversion table for different values, click on the "Create a customized energy conversion table" button.
Related energy conversions
 1. Calorie to erg
 2. Calorie to tera-electron volt
 3. Calorie to terajoule
 4. Celsius heat units (IT) to calories
 5. Celsius heat unit (IT) to megawatt hour
 6. Celsius heat unit (IT) to kilowatt hour
 7. Celsius heat unit (IT) to mega-electron volt
Back to calories to Celsius heat units (IT) conversion
TableFormulaFactorConverterTop


text:
A configuration (or config) is a stored process for adapting a dataset into our Global Schema.
Creating a configuration tells InfoSum Platform to remember how the dataset was manipulated, to make it a repeatable process. This enables you to quickly publish another dataset without needing to manually set up the same configuration.
There are two types of configurations, which can be used independently or together:
- Import configuration, which remembers how to understand the dataset,
- Normalisation configuration, which remembers how to adapt the dataset.
Configurations are particularly useful if you are periodically importing the same dataset, such as a CRM.


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United States Code
USC most recently checked for updates: May 31, 2023
It is declared to be the policy of Congress to continue the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act, as amended [16 U.S.C. 590a et seq.], for the purpose of conserving national resources, preventing the wasteful use of soil fertility, and of preserving, maintaining, and rebuilding the farm and ranch land resources in the national public interest; to accomplish these purposes through the encouragement of soil-building and soil-conserving crops and practices; to assist in the marketing of agricultural commodities for domestic consumption and for export; and to regulate interstate and foreign commerce in cotton, wheat, corn, and rice to the extent necessary to provide an orderly, adequate, and balanced flow of such commodities in interstate and foreign commerce through storage of reserve supplies, loans, marketing quotas, assisting farmers to obtain insofar as practicable, parity prices for such commodities and parity of income, and assisting consumers to obtain an adequate and steady supply of such commodities at fair prices.


MySQL SELECT Database
SELECT Database is used in MySQL to select a particular database to work with. This query is used when multiple databases are available with MySQL Server.
You can use SQL command USE to select a particular database.
Syntax:
snippet
USE database_name;
Example:
Let's take an example to use a database name "customers".
snippet
USE customers;
It will look like this:
mysql select database 1
Note: All the database names, table names and table fields name are case sensitive. You must have to use proper names while giving any SQL command.
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text:
|This article is about the story book. You may be looking for the movie, the activity book, the sticker book, the Soundtrack or the Board game.|
Thomas and the Magic Railroad is a book based on the feature film of the same name.
Thomas makes a perilous trip to bring back Lady to restore the Magic Railroad.
- Diesel 10
- Mr. Conductor
- Burnett Stone
- Lily Stone
- Gordon (does not speak)
- Lady (does not speak)
- Splatter and Dodge (do not speak)
- James (cameo)
- Cranky (cameo)
- Henry (mentioned)
- Sir Topham Hatt (mentioned)
- In the book, an explosion causes Thomas to topple off of the cliff. This was to be part of the original film until P.T. Boomer was cut.
- The book has the original script in seven ways:
- Diesel 10 is a new engine on the Island of Sodor.
- Mr. Conductor escapes Diesel 10 by cutting a wire instead of a hydraulic pipe.
- Diesel 10 plans to destroy all of the buffers on Sodor to find the magic ones.
- Thomas is seen going through another part of the magic railroad.
- Diesel 10 is evesdropping on Mr. Conductor as he sleeps.
- Diesel 10 refers his grabber as his "claw", instead of "Pinchy".
- It is mentioned that the trains didn't stop on Burnett's side of the mountain.
- The buffers are illustrated to look like crossing gates.
- Junior is illustrated as wearing his conductor's hat throughout the book, but in the film he does not receive it until the end.
- In the twenty-fifth illustration, Thomas' funnel is too far back and Lady's appears to be missing.
- Gordon's funnel is taller than usual in the first illustration.
- Lady is missing her crossheads.
- During one of "the chase" illustrations, Thomas is not between Lady and Diesel 10. Yet the text says he is.
- In the first illustration, Gordon is missing his brake pipe and lamp irons.
- In one illustration, James has grey wheels when they should be black.


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A Humanizing Model for Nursing Social Justice Action
The latest featured article from the current issue of ANS is titled "Exercising Nursing Essential and Effective Freedom in Behalf of Social Justice: A Humanizing Model" by Donna J. Perry, PhD, RN; Danny G. Willis, DNS, RN, PMHCNS-BC; Kenneth S. Peterson, PhD, FNP-BC; and Pamela J. Grace, PhD, RN, FAAN. Using powerful personal narratives, the authors provide examples of ways they have broken through barriers, to exercise effective freedom and take specific social justice action within nursing. Dr. Perry provided this description of their work:
It is increasingly clear that health is dependent upon multiple underlying social factors including environmental conditions, economic status, access to education, employment and a peaceful and participatory society. These conditions are distributed unequally within our global community. In this paper we discuss the nursing mandate to act for social justice and the constraints that prevent nursing from realizing this goal. We argue that nursing has been impeded in addressing underlying socio-political issues that impact health because nursing has historically been positioned within an institutionalized medical paradigm. We propose a model of nursing essential and effective freedom based on the philosophy of Bernard Lonergan as a framework for addressing barriers to nursing action for social justice. And we share our personal challenges and strategies for addressing social justice as nurses working in various settings.


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Hierarchy Chart of African Countries
Explore the hierarchy chart of African countries. Gain insights into geographical, political, and cultural characteristics that bind these nations together and understand Africa's diversity.
Dive deep into the world of geopolitics with our detailed hierarchy charts, visualizing complex geographical and political structures globally. From countries' territorial hierarchies to the inner workings of political organizations, our webpage offers a comprehensive visual guide for students, researchers, and anyone interested in gaining a deeper understanding of our interconnected world. Turn global complexities into clear insights with our innovative chart designs.


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Objective: To examine the correlation between disease activity of RA and the risk of falling.
Methods: Seventy-eight patients were tested. Disease activity was measured with acute-phase reactants, autoantibodies, swollen and tender joint count (SJC28, TJC28), pain on a visual analogue scale (VAS pain), patient and evaluator global assessment of disease activity (PGA, EGA), HAQ disability index (HAQ-DI), 28-joint DAS (DAS-28) and the clinical and simple disease activity indexes (CDAI, SDAI). The risk of falling was evaluated by a fall assessment consisting of Tinetti test (TIT), timed get up and go test (TUG), chair-rising test (CRT), tandem walk and tandem stand test.
Results: During the last 12 months, 26.9% of the participants reported a fall and 46.2% mentioned the fear of falling. The most evident link [Spearman's correlation (r(s))] with the results of the fall assessment was found in HAQ-DI (CRT: r(s) = 0.523, TUG: r(s) = 0.620, TIT: r(s) = -0.676), CDAI (CRT: r(s) = 0.460, TUG: r(s) = 0.504, TIT: r(s) = -0.472), VAS pain (CRT: r(s) = 0.441, TUG: r(s) = 0.616, TIT: r(s) = -0.548) PGA (CRT: r(s) = 0.473, TUG: r(s) = 0.577, TIT: r(s) = -0.520) and TJC (CRT: r(s) = 0.488, TUG: r(s) = 0.394, TIT: r(s) = -0.385). Patients with higher disease activity achieved poorer results in the fall assessment.
Conclusion: The strongest correlation with falls was evident for patient-reported outcomes. Pain seems to be the common ground of these parameters. At the same time, disease activity influences pain. The results suggest an increased attention towards the risk of falling with patients of higher levels of disease activity or pain, and physioor ergotherapeutical interventions as needed.


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The Dispute Avoidance and Resolution Service (DARS) came into effect on 1st September 2005 as a result of Special Educational Needs and Disability Order (SENDO).
The DARS aims;
to resolve disagreements between Education and Library Boards or Boards of Governors of schools and parents about the way in which they carry out their responsibilities towards children with Special Educational Needs (SEN);
to resolve disagreements between parents and schools about the provision being made for children with Special Educational Needs.
The DARS is an independent, confidential, voluntary and informal service designed to provide an opportunity for identifying points of disagreement and finding ways forward that all parties are willing to accept.
There is a DARS contact, in each Education and Library Board area, who is independent of its Special Education section. The DARS Manager is the main point of contact in the first instance.
Members of the DARS Team will facilitate a possible resolution of disagreements. Ultimately, agreement can only be reached with the approval of all parties involved.
Involvement with DARS will not affect the right of appeal to the Special Educational Needs and Disability Tribunal (the SENDIST). The DARS cannot be used to resolve other disputes with a parent or school or Education and Library Board. If you believe that your child has been discriminated against because of a disability then the Equality Commission will provide a conciliation service to resolve this dispute.


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Polarization-assisted stimulated Brillouin scattering-based optical signal processing
Abstract: Microwave photonics (MWP) processing provides numerous advantages over electrical domain techniques, such as broad bandwidth, long reach and immunity against electro-magnetic interference. An important application of MWP is the transmission of RF signals over long distances using optical fibers, or radio-over-fiber (RoF). Many RoF systems are based on the multiplexing of densely packed subcarrier tones. The monitoring of such transmission requires optical spectrum analyzers (OSAs) with high resolution, on the order of MHz. The required resolution is two orders of magnitude higher than that of standard equipment. In this work, I demonstrate and employ an OSA with 10 MHz resolution, that is based on the nonlinear optical propagation phenomenon of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) amplification in standard optical fibers. The vector attributes of SBS amplification considerably improve the dynamic range of the spectral measurements.
Many RoF applications also involve RF filtering. Many implementations of MWP filters were proposed in the literature, however the realization of sharp, tunable MWP filters remains challenging. Herein I present a significant enhancement of MWP filters that are based on the polarization attributes of SBS. The method is employed in the realization of sharp, highly-flexible MWP bandpass filters with a single passband, and tunable central transmission frequency, bandwidth and shape. The proposed selective filtering and analysis can be very instrumental in all-optical signal processing in MWP systems.
* The research presented in the seminar was carried out towards the M.Sc. degree, with the supervision of Dr. Avi Zadok


text:
The Chico code
Local occult researcher looks into monks, Masons and secret symbolism along Chico's streets
With its tree-lined streets, mix of modern and historic architecture and plentiful public art, downtown Chico is often described as charming, quaint and welcoming. But local occult researcher Cort Lindahl believes there are also clues to ancient mysteries—passed through the centuries by secret societies, religious orders and even a royal lineage that includes Chico founder John Bidwell—hidden in plain sight throughout the city.
He further claims that several local landmarks, and even the city itself, are part of regional and international arrays of sacred sites that connect Chico with everything from Hearst Castle to The Vatican.
Lindahl's interest in ancient mysteries dates back to his childhood. As an Air Force brat, he lived for some years in Turkey and visited several medieval- and Crusade-era archeological sites. He studied a wide range of topics that come into play in his current research—history, geography, architecture, art—at Virginia's Old Dominion University and eventually worked for several years as a field archaeologist. Since 2007, he's been researching esoteric mysteries of the world full time, making YouTube videos and self-publishing a 400-plus page book (The Sacred Towers of the Axis Mundi) to share his findings and speculate on their meanings.
Lindahl offered further insight into his theories during a recent interview at Jamba Juice—his revelations of hidden knowledge occasionally interrupted by the whirring of blenders churning out kale and chia-seed smoothies. The ultra-modern juice-bar chain may seem like a strange setting for the conversation, but the building it sits in—originally built in 1931 as a Bank of America—figures prominently into Lindahl's local theories.
"Chico definitely has an intentional setup in relation to the locations and architecture of certain buildings, including this one."
Though its exterior has changed a great deal over the years, the arched facades over the dual entrances to the Chico Bank of America building—designed by Henry A. Minton—remain untouched. Lindahl points to several of the reliefs—or raised sculptures—that he believes indicate the building has esoteric origins, in this case a monument dedicated to the Sumerian goddess Ishtar.
Why Ishtar? "The Greeks adopted Ishtar into the goddess Athena, who symbolizes knowledge and wisdom," Lindahl explained, "so a lot of these hidden things will incorporate Athena to indicate to others in the know that the people who built the building were hip to this hidden knowledge."
The octagonal reliefs are indeed mysterious, and Lindahl uses his impressive knowledge of mythology to identify what is depicted: the Greek god Hermes; Prometheus, the Titan who stole fire from Mount Olympus and gifted it to man; the goddess herself at the apex, beneath a sailing ship. Additionally there is a character dressed in colonial garb carrying a carpenter's square that Lindahl believes to be Tubal-Cain, a Biblical figure revered by Freemasons. Additionally, there is a large, stylized letter "I" at each corner of the building.
"There's a tradition in architecture to include symbolism reflective of both the architect and the patron's values," Lindahl explained. He added that many architects, particularly before the 1800s, openly acknowledged that their work was meant to symbolize ancient truths or even channel mystic energies. Feng shui is a similar concept that remains popular in design today.
Symbolism also had a practical use, Lindahl said, to preserve real scientific knowledge: "In antiquity, astrology and astronomy and alchemy and chemistry were the same things … there's a lot of mystical beliefs tied up in early science. You see the same thing with cartography—map-making—and architecture. A lot of mysteries and legends are meant to remember these concepts. A chemical process would be made into a story to pass along."
Lindahl also has a lot to say about another local building that features a great deal of symbolism, the Senator Theatre, which was designed by Timothy L. Pflueger (in the same Art Moderne style) and built in 1927. Pflueger, he said, was a prominent member of the Bohemian Club and an offshoot society called The Family, the latter of which was co-founded by William Randolph Hearst.
The Bohemian Club has been targeted by mainstream critics for facilitating meetings between the world's wealthiest and most powerful men—including several U.S. presidents—at its annual camping retreats to Bohemian Grove, a wooded property outside of Santa Rosa. Conspiracy theorists connect the club to the Freemasons, the Illuminati and other groups and are particularly wary of the Cremation of Care, a ceremony in which members and guests to the grove wear hooded robes and chant around a giant statue of an owl. They also reputedly swill a lot of liquor and watch live performances by the likes of Jimmy Buffet, prompting others to chalk the spookier practices up to college fraternity-style hijinks.
Lindahl believes the Senator is dedicated to the same goddess as the BofA building. In fact, he refers to the tower on the theater as "The Staff of Ishtar" and believes it was intentionally placed in relation with another local site of great mystical importance—the Chico City Plaza. And that's where things get really weird.
The plaza is central to Lindahl's theories regarding geomancy (the art of divination via interpreting patterns, such as the arrangement of buildings or sites), are based on the intentional placement of landmarks at certain coordinates. He believes sacred buildings and archeological sites around the world, known as axis mundi, contain angles that point to one another over hundreds, even thousands, of miles. He believes Bidwell was aware of this and perhaps even sent to the area as a pioneer to claim land by some shadowy cabal.
Lindahl points out that Chico lies on the Mason-Dixon Line, just above 39 degrees north latitude. Other sites along the line that he believes are important are Mount Ararat, where many Christians believe Noah's Ark landed, and the city of Indianapolis, which he said shares a similar esoterically informed layout to Chico, Washington, D.C., and several other cities.
Viewed from above, the plaza resembles a diamond with the points set just slightly off of the cardinal directions, and another set of lines bisecting each like a giant compass, which Lindahl said it basically is. He also notes that the city was originally planned as an 8-by-8 square like a chessboard. In his book and videos, he expounds on how the chess and diamond motifs are considered sacred to certain schools of thought and how they recur throughout the city's history.
Another local site Lindahl is very interested in and believes is inexorably linked to Chico is the wine-producing Cistercian Abbey of New Clairvaux. Lindahl noted the property's relationship to luminaries from the past like Peter Lassen and Leland Stanford. When Lassen traveled west from Missouri, he carried California's first Masonic charter, and the first meeting of Freemasons in California was on land now occupied by the monastery. Lassen intended to build the first Masonic lodge there, too, but his envisioned community of Benton City never came to fruition. The lodge was instead built (and still stands) in Shasta, west of present-day Redding.
If you draw a line on a map extending from the northwest line in the City Plaza, that "ley line" (a term for alignments of purported spiritual or mystical significance) goes directly through the front yard of the Bidwell Mansion and straight to the Chapter House at New Clairveux, which is currently being built with stones from an 800-year-old Spanish monastery moved to California by Hearst. Lindahl also points out that the BofA building, as well the old Masonic lodge (where the Blue Room Theatre now resides), runs adjacent to that ley line.
But the Chapter House is a recent construction, and what on Earth do Masons have to do with Cistercian monks? Skeptics might also question the fact that mythology was a common motif in Art Deco architecture and that other aspects of Lindahl's work sometimes require large leaps in logic to connect the appropriate dots.
Lindahl's accounts of how angles in Chico point to sites with more angles pointing elsewhere can be a bit dizzying, as he rattles off sites like Scotland's Roslin Castle, the Temple Mount, Rhode Island's Newport Tower, Oak Island in Nova Scotia and dozens more of interest to treasure hunters, historians, conspiracy theorists and mystics.
His ultimate theory is that these secret connections are not entirely the realm of any single group, but instead that various groups serve a higher authority—an ancient bloodline whose designs and goals are accomplished generation by generation, sometimes over hundreds of years. He believes the basic goal of geomancy isn't to channel mystic forces, but for these ancient families to lay claim to property, sometimes even before it was discovered in the New World. Lindahl believes Bidwell to be part of that ancestry, even positing that the Bidwell bloodline extends directly back to King Charlemagne.
"They're legally defining property they feel they own by comparing it to a fixed point," Lindahl explained. "The traditions began from those claiming property at a time when all these spiritual overtones were attached to its properties, and continue today."


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Mathematical Midgets!
Well-known member
MHB Math Scholar
Feb 15, 2012
What are your favorite small numbers? Why?
Anyone can post in this thread, but the rules are:
1. The numbers must be single digit (you can cheat if you use hexadecimal, hint, hint).
2. 1 doesn't count (it's not prime, so go away).
3. If a closed form is not available, you can only use 20 symbols or less to describe it (words will count as one symbol).
4. Extra points if the number is natural.
A famous story is told about some Indian guy riding in a taxi-cab to meet a "real" mathematician (the famous Mr. Hardy. Bow down before your English masters!) who thought the taxi-cab number was interesting, after all. He was wrong, and *that* number is MUCH TOO BIG.
At the moment, my favorite number is 3...it's prime, it's very odd, and I have yet to unravel it's deepest mysteries (why does period 3 imply chaos? I really would like to know...). The fact that $\Bbb Z_3$ can be written as {-1,0,1} saves me lots of time while typing, because when I need some larger digit, I often have to look up what it is in a numerical dictionary (yes...I am *that* lazy).
3 is also my favorite counter-example...in group theory I often use $S_3$ to disprove mistaken "theorems" (such as the infamous Converse Lagrange Theorem), and my personal Anti-Riemann Hypothesis is: the smallest exception to the Riemann Hypothesis is of the form:
$\frac{1}{2} + 3ki$
for some real number $k$).
(P.S. Don't take what I say too seriously. I lie. A LOT.).
Well-known member
MHB Math Helper
Mar 22, 2013
Element of the first twin prime pair, conjecturally the smallest and only untouchable odd number, smallest $n$ such that $S_n$ has no solvable tower of subgroups and as well being the highest degree of my favorite polynomial (quintic). The later property can also be stated as : the highest degree of the general polynomial that is resolvable in terms of elliptic functions and order 1 thetas. (As the degrees increase, more elliptic as well as additional hyperelliptic and higher thetas are needed).
The smallest (or any) exception to RH must have it's imaginary part not $\frac12$, just as a note.
Good thread, by the way!
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MHB Oldtimer
Staff member
Feb 7, 2012
What are your favorite small numbers? Why?
This reminds me of a famous lecture that J-P Serre gave at Harvard University in 2007 on the numbers 2 to 8. The only part that I remember hearing about at the time was the section about 6, which was devoted to a discussion of the fact that $S_6$ is the only symmetric group with outer automorphisms.
You can find a report on the lecture here.
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Ferulic Acid
Does Ferulic Acid Cause Cancer
2 Mins read
Ferulic acid is an antioxidant compound that is found in many fruits and vegetables, including oranges, apples, and tomatoes. It is known for its ability to protect cells from damage caused by free radicals, and it has been studied for its potential health benefits. However, some people are concerned that ferulic acid may increase the risk of cancer. In this article, we will explore the truth about ferulic acid and cancer and provide scientific evidence that it is safe.
The Truth About Ferulic Acid
Ferulic acid is a naturally occurring antioxidant that is found in many foods. It is a type of phenolic acid that is commonly found in the seeds of plants and is part of the lignin and cell wall components. It has been studied for its potential health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic properties.
SEE ALSO: Is Ferulic Acid Irritating
Debunking the Myth of Ferulic Acid and Cancer
There is a myth that ferulic acid can cause cancer, but this is not true. In fact, many studies have shown that ferulic acid may have anti-cancer properties. For example, a study published in the International Journal of Cancer found that ferulic acid could inhibit the growth of cancer cells in the colon.
Scientific Evidence: Ferulic Acid is Safe
Numerous studies have been conducted to determine the safety of ferulic acid, and the results have been overwhelmingly positive. For example, a study published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry found that ferulic acid was safe and well-tolerated in humans. Another study published in Food and Chemical Toxicology found that ferulic acid had no toxic effects on the liver, kidney, or other organs.
SEE ALSO: Which is Better Ferulic Acid or Hyaluronic Acid
Experts Agree: Ferulic Acid Does Not Cause Cancer
Experts in the field of nutrition and cancer agree that ferulic acid is safe and does not cause cancer. The American Institute for Cancer Research, for example, lists ferulic acid as a compound that may have anti-cancer properties. The National Cancer Institute also lists ferulic acid as a potential cancer-fighting compound.
Ferulic Acid and its Benefits for Health
Ferulic acid has been studied for its potential health benefits, and the results have been promising. For example, a study published in the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology found that ferulic acid could protect the skin from damage caused by UV radiation. Another study published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry found that ferulic acid could help reduce inflammation in the body.
SEE ALSO: Can You Use Ferulic Acid With Retinol
Why You Shouldn't Be Afraid of Ferulic Acid
Ferulic acid is a safe and beneficial compound that can be found in many fruits and vegetables. It has been studied for its potential health benefits, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic properties. There is no scientific evidence to suggest that ferulic acid causes cancer, and many experts agree that it may have anti-cancer properties. Therefore, there is no need to be afraid of ferulic acid, and it can be incorporated into a healthy diet for its potential health benefits.


text:
Key to Josh's Comments on the Listing Assignments
What you want to see next to each of your items is a little red slanted line. This is a left-handed person's check mark, and it means that you got full credit for the item beside which it appears. In any case where you don't see a check mark, you should find either an explanation of why you didn't receive credit or one of the following codes:
(1): If you see the numeral 1 in a circle, I'm saying that it's not clear to me that this is an example of the third word in the assignment title. For your L1 assignment, in other words, it's not clear that what you've written is an example of a problem. You may have described a situation, you may have told me with whom or under what circumstances you have a problem, but you haven't told me what your problem actually is and that's what the assignment asked you to do! Remember that a problem has been defined as "a disconnect between what you have and what you want or need." Any item that's been marked with a 1 in a circle doesn't do all of those three things.
(2): If you see the numeral 2 in a circle, I'm saying that it's not clear that what you've written has to do with communication. For your L1 assignment, in other words, I get it that this is a problem, but it's not clear that it's a communication problem.
(3): If you see the numeral 3 in a circle, I'm saying that it's not clear that this has to do with you. For your L1 assignment, in other words, I get it that this is a communication problem, but it seems to me that it's someone else's problem, not yours.
# ___ : If you see the # symbol followed by a number, what I'm saying is that the one next to which this comment appears is the same as the one whose number appears after the # symbol. Don't worry: this isn't as complicated as I just made it seem. Here's an example: say you see #3 next to your fourth item. What that means is that your fourth item is in fact the same as your third. Keep in mind that the assignment is for each of your items to be different from each of the others.
NS: This is not a sentence. The assignment is to write in complete sentences.
?: I have no idea what this says, either because it's written too carelessly to be legible or because, although I can read it, it's not clear to me what the heck it means! Remember that you're writing to be read by someone who isn't you!
If you find that you can't read or can read but don't understand or agree with my markings, your best bet is to talk with me face to face outside of class time. I'll be happy to translate my carpal-tunnel-afflicted writing into English for you, and to explain the things you don't understand. I promise you that your having such a conversation with me will never result in your walking away with a lower grade. The worst-case scenario ought to be that, although your grade doesn't go up, your appreciation of how to earn a higher grade next time does!
Return to Handouts.
Return to For NOVA Students.
Return to Home


Understanding Carbon Arrows
Axis.jpgMany of today's serious bowhunters are finding that
carbon arrows offer real benefits. There are three kinds of carbon
arrows on the market right now: pultruded, cross-weave (internal
component) and carbon/aluminum composite. Pultruded carbon shafts
have uni-directional fibers that don't have enough burst strength
to withstand internal components. Therefore, the point and nock
fit into outserts that go over the outside of the shaft
instead of inserts that go inside. There hasn't been much
innovation in pultruded carbon shafts recently. Typically, they
are considered economical options to a company's top of the line
carbon shafts and weigh approximately the same as SuperLite aluminum
sizes in the same stiffness range.
Internal component
carbon shafts are made with a cross-weave of carbon fibers in alternating
layers. In this orientation the fibers
are able to counteract forces from the inside, permitting the shafts to support
traditional point inserts and nocks that slip inside the shaft. Internal component carbon arrows are where
most of the latest developments have been centered. They are available
from several companies and are much lighter in weight than aluminum
The final category of carbon arrows are hybrids, those composed of
both aluminum and carbon. The most popular and prevelant of these
shafts is the Easton a/c/c. Available in a variety of sizes these
arrows offer the straightness of an aluminum arrow combined with the
strength of a carbon arrow and are loved by bowhunters and archers who
demand the highest quality arrow available. However, they do cost
significantly more than both standard carbon or aluminum arrows.
While all styles of carbon arrows tend to be more bend-resistant and
penetrate significantly better than aluminum, they share one
disadvantage. Carbon arrows are smaller in diameter and require
that the arrow rest be positioned with the support arms closer
together. This makes it more difficult to achieve perfect arrow
flight as the fletching has less room to pass through. Although
the rather recent advances in total containment and dropaway arrow
rests have eliminated many of the fletching clearance problems of
two-prong rests and are gaining popularity with archers every day.
Testing done by AFC/Game Tracker, and confirmed several times since, has shown
that small diameter shafts (especially those made of carbon) produce better
penetration than large diameter shafts of the same weight shooting the same
broadheads. This is due to the reduced amount of surface area, and therefore reduced friction, of carbon shafts.
Just recently, several companies have begun producing even smaller
diameter, thicker walled carbon shafts that have quickly gained
popularity with bowhunters across the globe. Shafts such as the
Eason Axis ST, Beman Max 4, and Carbon Express Maxima are
micro-diameter carbon shafts that pack the punch of an aluminum arrow.
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text:
Odisha Sun Times Bureau
Sambalpur, Aug 20:
Hirakud dam authorities have started work on construction of two more spillways to reduce pressure on the existing spillways and ensure the longevity of the dam and protect Sambalpur town from the perennial threat of flood.
Funded by the World Bank, the first phase of the project has already started taking shape and drilling is being carried out on one side of the dam to collect soil samples. The construction of the additional spillway would start after identifying the right place based on soil test reports.
"The spillway needs to be placed on a hard foundation like a rock. We wouldn't be able to build them on natural soil given its weight. We are conducting soil tests as per the Dam Rehabilitation and Implementation Project to identify the level of earth where the rock foundation can be found," said Chief Engineer of the dam Biswajit Mohanty.
"We need these spillways from the safety point of view. We need to be able to drain out 24 cusecs of water per second. Sambalpur witnesses flood-like situation whenever 30 gates of the Hirakud Reservoir are opened and 8 lakh cusecs of water is released. If 5 to 6 lakh cusecs of water could be released from another way, the effect of the flood could be reduced remarkably in Sambalpur," Mohanty added.
As of now, there are 98 gates, including 64 sluice-gates and 34 crest-gated spillways, in the dam. The new spillways will raise the flood water discharge capacity of Hirakud dam to 24 lakh cusecs of water per second from the existing 15 lakh cusec.
While the new construction won't require any displacement of population as it has its own land there, it would have to acquire more land at the other end.
It may be noted that on April 14, a 12-member team headed by Dr BRK Pillai, Director of Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project (DRIP) and representatives from the World Bank and Central Water Commission (CWC) had visited the dam site and selected two locations on the right dyke and another two on the left side for the construction of the spillways.


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Lesson Plans > Miscellaneous
Pairing Different Grades
Pairing Different Grades:
Activities to do if you can have two grade levels together, such as 2nd and 5th, for 30 minutes or so: math drills with flash cards; with 2 pair of students, rotate reading a story through the group with older kids helping the younger with difficult words; check out library books; do a collage on "sharing"; in short, challenge the younger student a bit more than usual, using the the one-on-one help from the older who also gets some review in the process. Pairing can also happen by occasionally sending an individual older student to the lower grade room for a while as part of a "mentoring" program or as a "student teacher".
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text:
School District Borrowing
By Charles K. Trainor
Has your school district ever borrowed money? If the answer is yes, odds are you have participated in the almost $3 trillion municipal bond market. Lenders in this market include investment funds specializing in earning tax-exempt income for investors, investment banks, insurance companies, and high-net-worth individuals. Municipalities and school districts that want to borrow money in this market sell securities.
Securities act as IOUs or promises to repay borrowed money, usually with revenues from real estate taxes. Naturally, interest is charged on the borrowed money and is usually paid quarterly or semiannually. The sale of securities allows school districts to raise either short-term or long-term cash.
In the U.S., securities issued with maturity dates of between two and 10 years are called notes. Those with maturity dates longer than 10 years are called bonds. Some corporations have issued bonds that mature as long as 50 to 100 years into the future.
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Football in Turkmenistan
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Football is the most popular sport in Turkmenistan, a country that gained independence in 1991. The national association regularly takes part in competitions organised by FIFA and the AFC at senior and youth level. Valeri Nepomniachi is probably the most famous name in Turkmen football. He was the coach who led Cameroon to the 1990 FIFA World Cup in Italy. The Africans surprised many with their 1-0 win over defending champions Argentina in the opening match and finally bowed out in the quarter-finals.[1] There are 40 clubs, 820 players, and 30 referees in the country. The major stadiums are: Köpetdag Stadium, Nabitchi (Nebitdag, 15,000 seats), and The Builder (Ashgabat, 11,000 seats).[2]
History of football in Turkmenistan[edit]
Soviet period[edit]
Football in Turkmenistan started to develop in the 1920s, however the sport became more organised when in 1937 the first championship of the Turkmen SSR was held. From 1937 until 1991, the most successful clubs were Neftyanik Kvasnovodsk and Pogranichnik Ashkhabad having won each six Turkmen SSR Championship Titles.[3]
Even though no team from the Turkmen SSR ever played in the Soviet Top League,[4] several footballers did, of whom most notably are Valeri Broshin, Kurban Berdyev, Sergey Agashkov, Ravshan Muhadov,[5] Dmitri Khomukha, Charyar Mukhadov and Vitaliy Kafanov.
The following Turkmenistani footballers had been members of USSR national football team:
Name Position Team Caps(Goals) Years
Valeri Broshin Midfield Soviet Union USSR 3(0) 1987–1990
Since independence[edit]
Following independence from the Soviet Union, Football Association of Turkmenistan was established in 1992, and has been a member of FIFA and AFC since 1994. The Ýokary Liga and Turkmenistan Cup were reestablished in 1992. Since 1995, Turkmenistan has hosted the annual international football tournament known as Turkmenistan President's Cup. Turkmenistani clubs also participate in the annual CIS Cup.
The Turkmenistan national football team success came in 1993, when it became runners up in the 1993 ECO Cup losing 2-1 to the host nation Iran. More success followed when the team reached the quarter-finals stage of the 1994 Asian Games. Ten years later, the national team qualified for its only appearance in the continental tournament the 2004 AFC Asian Cup, then came close again for qualifying when reached the final of the 2010 AFC Challenge Cup losing to North Korea eventual champions in penalty shootouts.
The most well known Turkmenistani football personalities are Kurban Berdyev (head coach of Rubin Kazan, Champions of the Russian Premier League in 2008 and 2009) and Ashgabat-born Rolan Gusev (Russian national team footballer 2000-2005).
League system[edit]
Level League(s)/Division(s)
1 Ýokary Liga
10 clubs
 1. ^ "Turkmenistan: FIFA Goal Programme". Retrieved 2013-12-03.
 2. ^ "Футбол в Туркменистане". Retrieved 2013-12-03.
 3. ^ "Turkmenistan - List of Champions". 2013-04-18. Retrieved 2013-12-03.
 4. ^ "Former Soviet Union - Regional Analysis". Retrieved 2013-12-03.
 5. ^ Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann. "Rawşan Muhadow". National Football Teams. Retrieved 2013-12-03.


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Effects of fluid and norepinephrine resuscitation in a sheep model of endotoxin shock and acute kidney injury
The pathophysiology of renal failure in septic shock is complex. Although microvascular dysfunction has been proposed as a mechanism, there are controversial findings about the characteristics of microvascular redistribution and the effects of resuscitation. Our hypothesis was that the normalization of systemic hemodynamics with fluids and norepinephrine fails to improve acute kidney injury. To test this hypothesis, we assessed systemic and renal hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in 24 anesthetized and mechanically ventilated sheep. Renal cortical microcirculation was evaluated by SDF-videomicroscopy. Shock (n = 12) was induced by intravenous administration of endotoxin. After 60 min of shock, 30 mL/kg of saline solution was infused and norepinephrine was titrated to reach a mean blood pressure of 70 mmHg for 2 h. These animals were compared with a sham group (n = 12). After endotoxin administration, mean blood pressure, cardiac index, and systemic O2 transport and consumption decreased (P < 0.05 for all). Resuscitation improved these variables. Endotoxin shock also reduced renal blood flow and O2 transport and consumption (205[157-293] vs. 131 [99-185], 28.4[19.0-38.2] vs. 15.8[13.5-23.2], and 5.4[4.0-8.8] vs. 3.7[3.3-4.5] mL·min-1·100 g-1, respectively); cortical perfused capillary density (23.8[23.5-25.9] vs. 17.5[15.1-19.0] mm/mm2); and creatinine clearance (62.4[39.2-99.4] vs. 10.7[4.4-23.5] mL/min). After 2 h of resuscitation, these variables did not improve (174[91-186], 20.5[10.8-22.7], and 3.8[1.9-4.8] mL·min-1·100 g-1, 19.9[18.6-22.1] mm/mm2, and 5.9[1.0-11.9] mL/min). In conclusion, endotoxin shock induced severe renal failure associated with decreased renal flow, O2 transport and consumption, and cortical microcirculation. Normalization of systemic hemodynamics with fluids and norepinephrine failed to improve renal perfusion, oxygenation, and function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This experimental model of endotoxin shock induced severe renal failure, which was associated with abnormalities in renal regional blood flow, microcirculation, and oxygenation. Derangements included the compromise of peritubular microvascular perfusion. Improvements in systemic hemodynamics through fluids and norepinephrine were unable to correct these abnormalities.
|Keywords||blood flow, creatinine clearance, endotoxin shock, microcirculation, renal failure|
|Persistent URL||_URL_.1152/japplphysiol.00172.2019, _URL_|
|Journal||Journal of Applied Physiology|
Ferrara, G. (Gonzalo), Kanoore Edul, V.S, Caminos Eguillor, J.F. (Juan Francisco), Buscetti, M.G. (María Guillermina), Canales, H.S, Lattanzio, B. (Bernardo), … Dubin, A. (2019). Effects of fluid and norepinephrine resuscitation in a sheep model of endotoxin shock and acute kidney injury. Journal of Applied Physiology, 127(3), 788–797. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00172.2019