iOS
Vision Framework: Working with Text and Image Recognition in iOS 13
2 years ago, at WWDC 2017, Apple released the Vision framework, an amazing, intuitive framework that would make it easy for developers to add computer vision to their apps. Everything from text detection to facial detection to barcode scanners to integration with Core ML was covered in this framework.
This year, at WWDC 2019, Apple released several more new features to this framework that really push the field of computer vision. That's what we'll be looking at in this tutorial.
What We'll be Building in this Tutorial
For many years now, Snapchat has reigned as the popular social media app among teens. With its simple UI and great AR features, high schoolers around the world love to place cat/dog filters themselves. Let's flip the script!
In this tutorial, we'll be building Snapcat, the Snapchat for Cats. Using Vision's new animal detector, we'll be able to detect cats, place the human filter on them, and take pictures of them. After taking pictures of our cats, we'll want to scan their business cards. Using a brand new framework, VisionKit, we'll be able to scan their business cards just like the default Notes app on iOS.
That's not all! If you remember 2 years ago my tutorial on using Vision for text detection, I ended by saying that even though you could detect text, you would still need to integrate the code with a Core ML model to recognize each character. Well finally, Apple has released a new class under Vision to recognize the text it detects. We'll use this new class to grab the information from the scanned cards and assign it to our cat. Let's get started!
Vision Framework: Working with Text and Image Recognition in iOS 13 1
The project in this tutorial was built using Swift 5.1 in Xcode 11 Beta 7 running on macOS Catalina. If you face any errors when go through the tutorial, try to update your Xcode to the latest version or leave a comment below.
Getting the Starter Project
To begin, download the starter project here. Build and run on your device. What we have is the iconic Snapchat camera view. To create this, I added a ARSCNView, or an SceneView that is capable of displaying AR content, and overplayed it with a button.
Vision Framework: Working with Text and Image Recognition in iOS 13 2
When the shutter button is pressed, the app takes a snapshot of the current frame of this scene view and passes it along the navigation stack to the Cat Profile View where it's loaded the profile image. In this view, we have empty fields for the data: Name, Number, and Email. This is because we haven't scanned the business card yet! Clicking on the button has no action yet because this is where we'll implement the document scanning program via VisionKit.
Image Recognition – Detecting a Cat Using VNRecognizeAnimalsRequest
Our first step is to detect cats in our camera view. Head over to CameraViewController and at the top of the file, type import Vision. This imports the Vision framework into this file, giving us access to all the classes and functions.
Now we want our app to automatically place the human filter ("the human emoji") on our cat with no input from us whatsoever. This means that we need to scan the frames in our camera view every few milliseconds. To do this, modify your code to look like below:
We create an instance of timer and define it in our viewWillAppear function. We schedule the timer to perform the function detectCat() in the interval of every half a second.
However, you'll experience an error displayed because we have not created the function called detectCat. This is a simple fix. Here is the viewWillAppear function. Insert the code in the CameraViewController class:
Let's build and run the project so far. The moment our CameraViewController is initialized, we should see the text "Detected Cat!" printed to the console every half second.
Now here comes to the fun part where we'll use the new VNRecognizeAnimalsRequest, a built-in class that lets you detect cats and dogs.
Modify the detectCat() function to look like this:
There's quite a bit going on here but I'll go through it line by line. First, we implement a guard function that checks to make sure that the current frame in our Preview View has an image. If this image can be captured, we create a special CIImage using the pixel buffer of that frame's image.
Here's some terminology! The CIImage class we're using is a representation for an image as a CoreImage. This type of images are great when you want to analyze the pixels in them. A pixel buffer stores an image data in the main memory.
Before explaining the next few lines of code, it'll help to understand how Vision works in case you're unfamiliar. Basically, there are 3 steps to implement Vision in your app, which are:
 1. Requests – Requests are when you request the framework to detect something for you.
 2. Handlers – Handlers are when you want the framework to perform something after the request is made or "handle" the request.
 3. Observations – Observations are what you want to do with the data provided with you.
So first, we create a VNRecognizeAnimalRequest to detect animals. This is a new VNImageRequest that was introduced in iOS 13 specifically for animal detection.
Next, within the handler of this request, we get the result and filter the labels in our first result. Why are we doing this? This is because currently, the VNRecognizeAnimalRequest can detect both cats and dogs. For our use, we only want cats which is why we define an array called cats where the identifier is equal to "Cats". Finally, for each cat observation, we print that we found a cat to the console. This is just to see if Vision is detecting cats.
Remember, we've only defined the request. Now we need to ask Vision to perform the request. After defining the request, we ask VNImageRequestHandler to perform the request on our CIImage we defined earlier. A VNImageRequestHandler is basically a specific type of VNRequest that is used to process images using one or more image analysis requests.
Build and run the project on a device. I don't have a cat so I'll be using some images from online. If Vision correctly detects the cat, then we should be able to see it printed to the console.
Vision Framework: Working with Text and Image Recognition in iOS 13 3
It works!! But how should we let users know that the app detects a cat? It's time to code again.
At the top of the class where we initialized the timer object, type the line: var rectangleView = UIView(). This initializes a UIView which we can modify to be a box. We'll place this box around the coordinates where our Vision function can detect the cat.
Inside the detectCat() method, insert self.rectangleView.removeFromSuperview() at the beginning. Then modify the for loop to look like this:
Here's what we're doing. We are defining our rectangleView to have the bounds of the result's bounding box. However, this is something worth mentioning.
In Vision, the size of the result's bounding box is smaller than the size of your previewView. This is because when Vision analyzes the image, it scales down the image to speed up computer vision processes. That's why when we create the bounds for our rectangleView, we have the multiply it by the constant to scale it up.
After defining the frame, all we do is set the view to have a transparent background and a border of width 3 and color red. We add this to our previewView. Now, you may be wondering why we included the line of code self.rectangleView.removeFromSuperview() at the beginning of the function. Remember, our Vision code is running every half a second. If we don't remove the rectangleView, we'll have a lot of boxes on our view.
Ok! Build and run the app! Are you seeing the boxes?
Vision Framework: Working with Text and Image Recognition in iOS 13 4
Yes! It's working. Now we have one last thing to do: place a human emoji near the cat. This is really simple. Here's what we do.
Ath the top of the class, underneath where we define our rectangleView, type the line: var humanLabel = UILabel().
Inside the for loop of our detectCat() function, we need to add this label to our view. Here's how to do that.
This is really easy to follow. We still have the same frame for our rectangleView. Now, we set the text of the label to be an emoji followed by the font size. Since we want the labels to cover the entire box, we set its width and height to be the same as the rectangleView. Finally, we removed the code that would create a border and instead add the label to our box and add the box to the previewView.


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Note the RAMA is in brackets [ ]
Chapter 587: The Laws Concerning One Who Blew A Shofer in a Pit.
1. One who blew the Shofer inside a pit or a cave, those standing inside the cave or pit are Yotzai (covered). Those who stand outside: If the sound of the Shofer was heard, they are Yotzai. But if they heard the sound of the cave, they are not Yotzai. The same applies if one blows the Shofer inside a large barrel and similar things. If they heard the sound of the Shofer, they are Yotzai. But if they heard the sound of the pit, they are not Yotzai.
2. If one began blowing the Shofer inside a pit and got up outside the pit and completed it, they are Yotzai. Since whatever was heard inside and outside was the sound of the Shofer. [Also the ones originally standing inside the pit are Yotzai.]
3. If one heard part of the Shofer blast in a not valid way (M.B: like part before sunrise) and part of it in a valid way, or if he told the blower when he was in the middle of blowing, "have in mind to be Yotzai me", and when he blows, leaves over the minimum amount of time needed for a Shofer blast, he is not Yotzai. Some say that he is Yotzai if he heard the minimum length of time needed for a blast, in a valid way. [The same applies if he heard part of the Shofer blast and part of the sound of the pit; for example, if the blower was inside a pit and he was standing outside and in the middle of the blast, he went inside the pit.]
Translated by Jay Dinovitser _URL_ 6/23/06

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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In the framework of landslides, the hydrogeological features play an essential role in slope stability, governing water movement and thus resulting in modification of the effective stress in the soil. In this framework, the hydrogeological conceptualization of landslide areas and the identification of groundwater origin are key points to developing risk mitigation measures. In fact, groundwater recharge cannot always be attributed to local precipitation alone. Mixing processes between water derived from local infiltration and deep water upflow along tectonic lineaments or anthropogenic water can affect the groundwater balance on a local scale. This study aims to define the potential groundwater origin of one of the highest risk urban landslides in central Italy and to define a hydrogeological conceptual model by exploiting its existing drainage system network. This research is based on a multiple-techniques approach based on hydrological water balance, artificial tracer tests during recharge period, seasonal monitoring of the water stable-isotope content, hydro-chemical survey during low-flow periods, and analysis of the piezometric level fluctuation. All these analyses are coupled with a detailed reconstruction of the geology of the area depicted from boreholes and drill holes. Two groundwater bodies have been evidenced from the study. The shallower one is located in the landslide unstable zone and is hydraulically connected to a deeper groundwater body hosted in the underlying bedrock. Results highlighted that the local rainfall regime could not fully explain the hydro-chemical facies. Local water contributions to the landslide area coming from leakage of the urban sewerage system have been evidenced, excluding deep groundwater upflow from the fault system.
Assessment of urban landslide groundwater characteristics and origin using artificial tracers, hydro-chemical and stable isotope approaches / Mammoliti, E; Fronzi, D; Palpacelli, S; Biagiola, N; Tazioli, A. - In: ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES. - ISSN _PHONE_. - 82:9(2023). [10.1007/s12665-023-10887-2]

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Question: Can A Person Survive Without Oxygen?
Is dying from lack of oxygen painful?
This leads to asphyxiation (death from lack of oxygen) without the painful and traumatic feeling of suffocation (the hypercapnic alarm response, which in humans arises mostly from carbon dioxide levels rising), or the side effects of poisoning..
Can the brain repair itself after lack of oxygen?
A full recovery from severe anoxic or hypoxic brain injury is rare, but many patients with mild anoxic or hypoxic brain injuries are capable of making a full or partial recovery. Furthermore, symptoms and effects of the injury are dependent on the area(s) of the brain that was affected by the lack of oxygen.
Can we live without oxygen?
Many of these lifeforms – such as bacteria and archaea – are still living happily without oxygen today. … Until the 2010 discovery of the loriciferans, no complex multicellular lifeforms had been found that can live entirely without oxygen.
How long can humans live without oxygen?
How long can the brain go without oxygen before serious damage occurs? After five to ten minutes of not breathing, you are likely to develop serious and possibly irreversible brain damage. The one exception is when a younger person stops breathing and also becomes very cold at the same time.
Can a person still hear after they die?
What happens if you stop breathing for 1 minute?
Can a dead person cry?
Can a dying person cry?
Does dying hurt?
How long can the heart survive without oxygen?
Can you survive if your heart stops for 20 minutes?


Anisiuba_thesis.pdf (4.14 MB)
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NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF AIR-MIST SPRAY COOLING AND SOLIDIFICATION IN SECONDARY ZONE DURING CONTINUOUS CASTING
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thesis
posted on 2021-12-20, 18:35 authored by Vitalis Ebuka AnisiubaVitalis Ebuka Anisiuba
As a result of the intense air-water interaction in the spray nozzle, air-mist spray is one of the most promising technologies for attaining high heat transfer. CFD simulations and multivariable linear regression were used in the first part of this study to analyze the air-mist spray produced by a flat-fan atomizer and to predict the heat transfer coefficient using the casting operating conditions such as air pressure, water flow rate, cast speed and standoff distance. For the air-mist spray cooling simulation, a four-step simulation method was utilized to capture the turbulent flow and mixing of the two fluids in the nozzle, as well as the generation, transport, and heat transfer of droplets. Analysis of the casting parameters showed that an increase in air pressure results in efficient atomization, increases the kinetic energy of the droplets and produces smaller droplet size thus, the cooling of the slab increases significantly. Also, a decrease in water flow rate, standoff distance and casting speed would result in more efficient cooling of the steel slab. The second part of the study investigated the solidification of steel in the secondary cooling region. Caster geometry and casting parameters were studied to evaluate their impact on the solidification of steel. The parameters studied include roll gap, roll diameter, casting speed and superheat. It was found that a smaller ratio of roll gap to roll diameter is more efficient for adequate solidification of steel without any defect. Casting speed was found to have a significant effect on the solidification of steel while superheat was found to be insignificant in the secondary zone solidification. The result from the air-mist spray cooling was integrated into the solidification model to investigate the solidification of steel in the entire caster and predict the surface temperature, shell growth and metallurgical length. To replicate real casting process, temperature dependent material properties of the steel were evaluated using a thermodynamic software, JMatPro. The air-mist spray model was majorly investigated using ANSYS Fluent 2020R1 CFD tool while the solidification of steel was studied using STARCCM+ CFD software. Using the findings from this study, continuous casting processes and optimization can be improved.
History
Degree Type
Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering
Department
Mechanical Engineering
Campus location
Hammond
Advisor/Supervisor/Committee Chair
Chenn Q. Zhou
Additional Committee Member 2
Hansung Kim
Additional Committee Member 3
Ran Zhou


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Condition Monitoring Requirements for the Development of a Space Nuclear Propulsion Module 931363
To facilitate the development of a space nuclear propulsion module for manned flights to Mars, requirements must be established early in the technology development cycle. The long lead times for the acquisition of the engine system and nuclear test facilities demands that the engine system, size, performance, safety goals and condition monitoring philosophy be defined at the earliest possible time. These systems are highly complex and require a large multi-disciplinary systems engineering team to develop and track the requirements and to ensure that the as-built system reflects the intent of the mission. An effective methodology has been devised coupled with sophisticated computer tools to effectively develop and interpret the functional requirements. These requirements then can be decomposed down to the specification level for implementation. This paper discusses the application of the methodology and the analyses to develop condition monitoring requirements under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Lewis Research Center (LeRC) Nuclear Propulsion Office (NPO).


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I am writing a report that allows my employer to rank employees by productivity and fault rate. Employee ranks are based on productivity (value of 25%), supervisor input(value of 25%) and fault rate(50%). Catching a fault awards you a single point, causing a minor fault takes a point away, causing a major fault takes three points away. Using this number and the amount of hours tracked I want to get a "faults per hour" that is a positive number and use this to sum with the rest of the score in order to get a value with around 100 being the max that I can use to rank employees.
How do I properly calculate the fault rate per hour? The method I am considering is adding the score to a hundred and then weighting it according to time spent at the station, the issue that I'm having is I compare the final score to the average score at the station, how can I keep the average score of that station reasonable for comparison if I'm adding the results to 100?
So I guess I'm doing this
(x-3y - z + 100 / a) * b [x] is the amount of faults they have caught. [y] is the amount of major faults they have created. [z] is the number of minor faults they have created. 100 is to get a positive number. [a] is number hours spent at station. [b] is the number hours spent on this station compared to total time
I'm dividing it by [a] because I need an hourly rate.
Since the period that I'm using as the baseline is 6 weeks and the period that I'm using to compare it is 6 weeks maybe I could just sum it all together and add the number to (100* 4) because it's 4 times the period size? These numbers don't have to be absolutely perfect because they will never be equal. Just looking to compare a 6week sample of a person's performance to a 6month sample of the entire average.


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Heritability of first-order-lateral roots in five Quercus species: effect on 1-0 seedling quality evaluation
Heritability estimates (h2) were calculated for first-order lateral root (FOLR) numbers on a family plot mean basis for 5 Quercus species: Q. alba, Q. falcata, Q, michauxii, Q. pagoda, and Q. rubra. All species were grown with the same nursery soil fertility protocol and the same seedling bed density (54-67/m2). Regardless of Quercus species, seedlings with the fewest FOLR (0-3) were not generally competitive in the nursery bed environment and had the smallest root collar diameter and height. In any family, those individuals with the most robust root systems exhibited the fastest growth and occupied the dominant crown position. Based upon root morphology and stem characteristics, less than 50 percent of the seedlings from any species may be competitive and occupy a dominant crown position in the nursery.


22 texi2any: The Generic Translator for Texinfo
texi2any is the generic translator for Texinfo that can produce different output formats and is highly customizable. It supports these formats:
Info (by default, or with --info),
HTML (with --html),
plain text (with --plaintext),
Docbook (with --docbook),
Texinfo XML (with --xml).
makeinfo is an alias for texi2any. By default, both texi2any and makeinfo generate Info output; indeed, there are no differences in behavior based on the name.
Beside these default formats, command line options to texi2any can change many aspects of the output. Beyond that, initialization files provide even more control over the final output—nearly anything not specified in the Texinfo input file. Initialization files are written in Perl, like the main program, and anything which can be specified on the command line can also be specified within a initialization file.
The rest of this chapter goes into the details.


4 Reason Why Do I Get a Headache After exercise
84 / 100
There are a ton of benefits in exercise, especially if you make it your daily routine. But if you experience headache after exercise, then you should read this post more seriously.
Event though the sensation of dizziness will slowly disappear in next 2-3 hour,in some cases it can last in longer time. In fact, it is not uncommon for this condition to cause a person to lose consciousness after exercising. So how come? Find out the answer in this article.
What causes headaches after exercise?
headache after running
headache after exercise
Basically, dizziness after exercise often occurs when doing high intensity exercise or lifting heavy weights. When you exert your body's strength excessively, it may cause your heart to work too hard, reducing the blood supply to the brain. Well, this is root causes headache after exercise. Even so, there are various other factors that can cause you to feel dizzy after exercising, including:
 1. Dehydration
 Dehydration or lack of fluids is the most common cause of dizziness after exercise. That is a reason why you need to pay attention to your fluid intake before, during, and after exercise to reduce the risk of dehydration. The more fluids you drink, the more powerful and stamina your body will be to continue activities. How much water to drink depends on your needs. Basically, people who sweat more may need more fluids as well.
 2. Blood sugar drops drastic
 If you feel dizzy, especially when exercising, this is a signal if your blood sugar levels drop suddenly. This condition usually triggers cold sweat, trembling, and weakness. One of the causes of lowering blood sugar levels is when you exercise on an empty stomach. So, to work on this, eat foods containing carbohydrates and protein about an hour before exercising. This will keep your body energized so that blood sugar levels are still well maintained.
 3. Low blood pressure
 During exercise, the heart works harder and pumps more blood to the blood vessels. As a result, the blood vessels dilate to accommodate the excess blood. When you stop exercising, your heart starts beating normally, but the blood vessels take a little time to adjust. Well, this causes a drop in blood pressure which causes you to feel dizzy and headache.
 Also is you recently head dialysis then it can be your answer, since dialyses process will make your blood tension low. You can read our full detail in this post, headache after dialysis
 4. The flow of oxygen to the brain is reduced
 During exercise, the body needs more oxygen than usual. Bad breathing techniques that can also cause dizziness when exercising because the blood lacks oxygen levels. As a result, the flow of oxygen to the brain decreases and causes headaches. To overcome this condition, you must adapt your breathing technique to the type of exercise and your body's abilities.
For example, while jogging, you can adjust your breath pattern to your footsteps. Where every four steps, you take a breath through your nose. Then, in the next four steps, exhale through your mouth. Get in the habit of inhaling through your nose and then exhaling more freely through your mouth.
If previously, you diagnosis with asthma then the problem can be bigger. You should check our post in here headache after asthma attack
What to do if you feel dizzy while exercising?
Usually headaches after exercise are not something to worry about, but if this condition disturb activities you can take this advice. So, in order to recover quickly, here's how to deal with headaches after exercise.
How to deal with headaches after exercise
If you get headaches after exercise, it could be something is wrong with your body. Even so, there are quick ways to get rid of the headache after exercising.
 1. Drink lots of water
 Usually, dizziness after exercise occurs due to dehydration. Dehydration occurs when your body loses more fluid than it needs. When you exercise you sweat a lot, this includes losing fluids. If you don't drink a lot of water before exercising, you are very likely to become dehydrated.
A study reported by webmd.com that people who drank 4 glasses of water more than usual in a day, felt pain in the head less frequently for 2 weeks.
Therefore, always provide water when exercising. Make sure you are well hydrated by checking the color of your urine. If it is bright yellow this means you are drinking enough. Conversely, if it is dark yellow it means you are not getting enough fluids.
Additionally, you can add an isotonic drink to help cover your fluid needs. This is because isotonic drinks contain mineral salts and glucose which can balance the fluids in your body.
Exposure the sun in longer time can trigger headaches, even when you don't exercise. So, if you feel that you have been exercising too long in the hot sun, you should stop immediately or move to a more shady place.
 1. Avoid to long under the sun
If it's hot, bring a glass of water and a cool down using damp towel. Place it over your eyes and forehead for a few minutes. After that, try to take a warm shower to relax your muscles. If you don't have enough time, you can use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen to reduce your headache pain.
 1. Eat before and after exercise
 Not eating before exercise can be the wrong decision. The reason is, during exercise, your blood sugar levels will be drained. If you don't have a reserve of blood sugar from the previous food, then you will experience headaches after exercise.
Ideally, don't eat too close with exercise schedule, so that your stomach doesn't hurt when doing various movements. You can fill your stomach with highly nutritious foods about 1 hour before exercising. In that way, your body can digest the food that comes in first before being used for energy during exercise.
Then, if you have finished exercising, your blood sugar need to refilled. You can eat a variety of fruits as a stomach booster if you really don't want to eat heavily after exercise.
 1. Perform a cooling movement after exercising
 Headaches after exercise can also be caused by tense muscles in the body. This usually occurs when you not cooling down after exercising.
Just imagine that during exercise, all your body muscles are active and contracted. If you go through a cool down session, the muscles will tend to tighten and continue to contract.
If you got cramp, these muscles can even trigger headaches. Especially if the muscles that were cramped at that time were the muscles of the neck and shoulders. Therefore, it is very important to do cooling movements, so that the muscles will relax again.
 1. Take medicine
 Apart from ibuprofen, you can also take naproxen or indometachin 30-60 minutes before exercising. Both are believed to be effective for dealing with headaches after exercise. However, the use of this drug must be monitored by doctor because it can cause stomach irritation.
When should I see a doctor?
If you have try the methods above, but the headaches are getting more frequent, then you should consult your doctor. This also applies when you do an exercise routine and suddenly feel dizzy after exercise. By consulting a doctor, you can find out what causes it and how to deal with it.
Headaches experienced after exercising can actually be treated easily. However, it always possible if you have certain medical conditions. Therefore, if the symptoms are getting more frequent and severe, it never hurts to visit a doctor.
Other Alternative, maybe you should try or chance your exercise if it's too hard for your body. We found great post about picking right exercise with this condition in honorhealth.com
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Coding and the XOR Lemma
Briefly, hardness amplification aims to take as hypothesis a function f that is'slightly' hard to compute, and identify a function g that is'very' hard to compute. Since we know complicated functions exist out there somewhere (Shannon's counting argument), we want g to be explicitly determined by f.
Coding-based approaches to this problem work as follows: take such an f, a finite function not computed exactly by any'small' circuit. Let g's truth-table be an error-correcting encoding of the truth-table of f, under a (very) efficiently decodable code.
Suppose g were even approximately computable by a small circuit A. Then applying the decoder to the output of A would give us a small (but slightly larger) circuit that'recovers' all of the bits of f (on demand) from its partially corrupted encoding in A. This contradicts the presumed hardness of f.
Now let's contrast the situation with Yao's XOR Lemma, one form of which states roughly that if no'small'
circuit computes f correctly on more than a 1/2 + d
fraction of all inputs, then no (slightly smaller)
small circuit computes g(x, y)= f(x)+f(y) (mod 2) on more than a
1/2 + O(d^2) + e fraction of inputs, where e is a negligible function of n. Iterating this lemma multiple times to get a big XOR, the result is a very hard function g.
Why does this Lemma, and its variants, seem to require a stronger hardness assumption on f than the coding-based results (both in terms of the computational model--Yao requires hardness against nonuniform circuits--and in terms of the strength of hardness required)? Why are its proofs trickier? And finally, why is the Lemma still worth keeping around? The coding perspective sheds some light on these questions.
From this perspective, we are interested in the 'code' that takes the bitstring that is f's truth-table, and outputs g defined as above. Is this even a valid code? Nope--f and its negation both define the same g. Well, what if we restricted f's first bit to be a 1? Then encoding is unique; however, this isn't a very good error-correcting code; e.g., _PHONE_ and _PHONE_ have encodings g1, g2 that are quite close. This creates an inherent ambiguity that prevents us from obliviously applying a decoder algorithm to the g-approximating circuit A to get back to the exact original f, or even approximate the original f (since our example strings were far apart, no decoded string can approximate both of them at once).
But maybe we can exactly recover the original f from A if we are given a little bit of 'advice', e.g. to discriminate between decoding to _PHONE_ and _PHONE_. Since we are in the nonuniform model, this advice can be built into our circuits. But how much advice do we need? It's got to be small to contradict the hardness of f.
The problem is, every bit in f influences a rather small fraction of bits in the encoding g; thus, any string f' close to f has an encoding g' close to g. If f is a function on n variables, there are then a doubly-exponential-in-n number of functions whose encodings are close to that of f, hence potentially represented by the approximating circuit A (here making hidden assumptions about what 'close' means...). So exponential advice is needed to specify f from among this collection--unacceptably large. This means our decoder can't hope to exactly recover f, and explains why the proof methodology doesn't let us assume that f is merely hard to compute exactly.
The compromise reached by the Lemma is to only approximately recover f (using advice, which our example indicated was necessary), corresponding to the stronger hardness assumption on f in the Lemma's statement. Here we enter the realm of information-theoretic possibility, but the need for this recovery to be algorithmically efficient leads to involved proofs, which necessarily use advice-driven case analysis. Is this coding theory? Trevisan calls it 'approximate list-decoding'. I'd say, sure it's decoding, but the scope of coding theory is being stretched significantly (and very fruitfully, it seems) in the process.
So why is Yao's XOR Lemma still a viable tool? I'm not qualified to answer this in full generality. Moreover, the Lemma has been generalized and improved in several directions. But two observations: first, once we've got a function f hard enough to meet the hypotheses of the XOR Lemma, the Lemma can be repeatedly applied until the resulting g is way hard; some but not all error-correcting codes can do a comparable job of pushing the hardness that far. Second, the XOR-encoding used is very efficient, more so than the error-correcting codes based on, e.g., Reed-Muller; this means that if we are trying to identify very hard functions in a complexity class C, and we assume f is taken from C, then the encoding g is more likely to be in C as well, so that we get hardness amplification within the class. Since the main target of hardness amplification research is giving evidence of really hard problems inside NP, Yao's Lemma looks to remain vital. It can't deliver the goods fully yet (e.g., NP doesn't seem to be closed under XOR), but new insights keep coming; the new FOCS 2006 paper by Impagliazzo-Kabanets-Jaiswal looks to be in this vein.
In conclusion, the XOR Lemma is an important result with somewhat difficult (but not impossible) proofs; the coding perspective illuminates the shape of the Lemma's statement and explains why it cannot easily be strengthened.
Note, however, that the coding barriers we encountered are methodological ones, and don't in themselves give evidence about the actual limits on the hardness-amplification properties of the XOR operation. On that subject my knowledge is slim.


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In the bustling metropolis of Zurich, Switzerland, amidst the pressures and demands of modern life, people are increasingly looking for private development and self-improvement. Self-enquiry, a profound apply rooted in introspection and self-reflection, has gained reputation as a transformative path for private development. In this article, we will discover the significance of self-enquiry in Zurich, Switzerland, and the method it can foster self-awareness, self-discovery, and private progress.
Self-enquiry is a follow of turning inward and exploring the nature of 1's personal consciousness, beliefs, feelings, and thought patterns. It involves asking deep, introspective questions to realize perception into oneself and to examine the core features of identity, purpose, and which means. Self-enquiry encourages individuals to question their assumptions, challenge limiting beliefs, and explore their true nature.
The Role of Self-Enquiry in Personal Development
Self-enquiry is an invaluable device for personal growth in Zurich. By delving into the depths of 1's being, people can gain self-awareness, perceive their motivations and behaviors, and identify areas for growth and improvement. Self-enquiry fosters a deep sense of introspection and self-reflection, enabling people to make acutely aware selections, align with their values, and create positive adjustments of their lives.
Benefits of Self-Enquiry in Zurich
Engaging in self-enquiry in Zurich can have quite a few benefits for personal development. It provides a chance to gain readability about one's goals, aspirations, and life function. Self-enquiry helps people develop a greater understanding of their emotions, improve their self-confidence, and domesticate a way of inside peace and achievement. It additionally promotes authenticity, empowering individuals to reside in alignment with their true selves.
Hva er Forbruksgjeld and Self-Enquiry
Mindfulness, the follow of being totally current in the second, is intently intertwined with self-enquiry. Mindfulness enhances self-awareness, allowing people in Zurich to look at their ideas, feelings, and sensations with out judgment. By combining mindfulness with self-enquiry, people can cultivate a deeper understanding of themselves, recognize thought patterns that may hinder personal growth, and make aware decisions to change them.
Self-Enquiry and Personal Growth Workshops
Zurich presents a big selection of private growth workshops, retreats, and seminars where people can interact in self-enquiry in a supportive and immersive setting. These workshops provide a space for deep introspection, self-reflection, and sharing experiences with like-minded people. Skilled facilitators guide individuals through self-enquiry exercises, helping them uncover insights, problem limiting beliefs, and embark on a journey of non-public development.
Self-Enquiry and Professional Guidance
While self-enquiry is primarily a person apply, looking for skilled steerage can further improve personal development in Zurich. Working with a educated coach or therapist who focuses on self-enquiry can present priceless assist and steerage. They might help people navigate challenges, overcome obstacles, and achieve clarity on their private and professional objectives.
Integrating Self-Enquiry into Daily Life
The true energy of self-enquiry lies in its integration into day by day life. In Zurich, individuals can incorporate self-enquiry practices into their routines, corresponding to journaling, meditation, or aware self-reflection. Regular self-enquiry practices create a foundation for steady personal growth, as people develop a deeper understanding of themselves and make aware decisions aligned with their values.
Self-enquiry offers a profound path to non-public improvement in Zurich, Switzerland. Through introspection, self-reflection, and the follow of mindfulness, people can embark on a transformative journey of self-discovery, self-awareness, and personal progress. In Zurich's vibrant and supportive setting, people have access to private progress workshops, skilled steering, and resources that can facilitate their self-enquiry journey. By engaging in self-enquiry and integrating it into their day by day lives, people in Zurich can unlock their true potential, enhance their well-being, and create a significant and fulfilling life.
Business Name: Helen Mosimann-Kogan
Phone Number: 0041 782285100


text:
3 Ways Provider Payment E-Networks Support More Than EFT
As more health plans drive provider adoption of electronic payments and remittances, they may not realize that their EFT networks can be leveraged to solve additional challenges beyond high administrative and labor costs associated with processing paper checks.
A healthcare epayment network is just the foundation from which to build innovative solutions that address even more payment issues.
Here are three ways that health plans can leverage their networks:
1) Create innovative provider enrollment techniques
Many of today's networks have not been able to make a significant dent in enrolling the nearly 1 million providers in the U.S. Providers are often reluctant to participate because they are worried about fees and administrative costs associated with enrolling and participating. Many providers are not informed about EFT and how it works. They have a lot of misconceptions that hold them back.
That's why it is important to have a strong provider outreach program that incorporates a combination of tools that make it easy for providers to enroll, such as:
- Phone and email outreach campaigns
- Follow-up calls by experts to answer questions and provide guidance
- Educational information about EFT and the benefits to their practices
- Training sessions about how to optimize their enrollment
When providers are brought up to speed about the benefits to their bottom line, they tend to respond positively.
2) Facilitate value-based care reimbursement
Providers are slow to adopt value-based care because they lack resources to interpret and apply complex value contracts. They need help and guidance to stay on track with applying national standards of care consistently. Health plans have the perfect opportunity to communicate about quality information over their secure networks to simplify the process for providers.
Healthcare epayment networks are ideal for securely exchanging sensitive medical information via attachments. Health plans can inform providers about care gaps on demand and provide guidance on the quality measures needed to close the care gaps, as well as information about financial incentives available for taking action. Providers, in turn, can share proof of care gap closures to receive their incentives. It's that simple and offers an alternative solution to interoperability.
3) Drive member satisfaction and engagement
About a third of health plan members are lukewarm about customer support and want more digital features in their health plan services. No matter what a consumer is purchasing, the payment experience is always at the center of the overall experience. Health plans can leverage the epayment platform to build an online premium payments capacity that offers positive payment experiences.
It's no secret that health plans are behind with employing the latest technologies to address business needs, such as member engagement. Offering the kind of flexible, mobile-optimized payment options that consumers have come to expect can help health plans develop positive relationships with consumers beyond payments.
Optimize Your Epayment Network with Payspan
Payspan leads the market with creative, unique solutions that address your biggest challenges with payments and beyond. We are always evaluating your needs and how we can leverage our network to better meet them. We offer the largest healthcare electronic payment and reimbursement network with 600+ health plans, 1.3 million provider payees and 100+ million consumers.
Learn more about how we can:
- Reduce your administrative costs and labor associated with paper checks
- Give your members what they want – flexible, digital payment options
- Engage your providers with value-based care


text:
Haraldsen is a PhD student at the department of coaching and psychology and The Norwegian Research center for children and Youth Sport. She is teaching educational science at the teacher education in performing arts at Oslo National Academy of the Arts. Teaching and supervision topics of educational psychology, educational philosophy, didactics and educational sociology. Main areas are aesthetic learning and competence, curriculum theory and identity. The PHD project at NIH is focusing on motivation and talent development.
Teacher education and educational science, Talent development, Motivation and motivational climate.
Professional dancer and dance teacher.


Any time a content type has custom fields (i.e. fields created by an administrator), you must tell the module how to map the data over. You do this using the Migration::addFieldMapping function. This function's arguments are ordered counterintuitively; the source field is the second argument in the function and the destination field is the first argument. The call to Migration::addFieldMapping should look like:
$this->addFieldMapping('destination_field_name', 'source_field_name');
You can check the destination field names easily through the GUI. In the admin menu, go to Structure -> Content Types -> Type -> Manage Fields (where "Type" is the content type you are creating a class for). Custom fields are any field that is not Title, Body, URL Path Settings, or URL redirects. You may match the machine name directly for the destination fields. However, the source fields require more attention to detail. One does not simply copy the field name, as they did with the destination fields. To find the source field names, you have to connect to the source database through drush. You need aegir permissions to connect to the source database. The connection command will vary between source databases, but it should begin with a call to mysql from Drush. You can switch databases inside mysql by typing 'use db', where "db" is some other source database. Once you've found the correct database, you need to find the table of the content type for which you are mapping fields. This could either be in the node table or in content_type_foo, where "foo" is a content type. Once you find the correct table, use the SQL command desc table to get a list of the fields in that table. You will most likely see significantly more tables in the source than in the destination. Many tables will have the same name, but end in _attributes or _value. For these duplicate fields, truncate the last word and use the root of the field name inside your node.inc file. It may take some time to see which words need to be omitted for the fields to map correctly. You can always try a migration to test it and roll back if it doesn't work properly.


text:
Command: echo (command.com command)
ECHO displays messages, or turns command-echoing on or off.
There also exists a CONFIG.SYS / FDCONFIG.SYS ECHO command.
ECHO is a BATCH-FILE / AUTOEXEC.BAT command.
It can also be used in command line.
ECHO [ON | OFF]
ON ECHO mode is activated. If you use ECHO within a batch
file, each command line is shown when it is executed.
OFF ECHO mode is deactivated. If you use ECHO within a batch
file, the command line is not shown when it is executed.
This does not affect the output of the command itself.
message The message you want to print on the screen.
Commands can also be suppressed by beginning them with the @ symbol.
Type ECHO without parameters to display the current ECHO setting.
ECHO can also be used outside a batch file.
ECHO is a command internal to command.com and needs no other file
in order to work. There also exists a CONFIG.SYS / FDCONFIG.SYS
ECHO command with different options.
IN A.BAT FILE / AUTOEXEC.BAT:
ECHO. how are you?
_USER_. Nice to hear this
echo (config.sys command)
Please read this command's lsm file also.
You will find the updated version (internet) here and
the version described in this manual page here.
The lsm file contains information about the name of the programmer,
the download site, and some other command related information.
Copyright © 2003 Robert Platt, updated 2007 by W. Spiegl.
This file is derived from the FreeDOS Spec Command HOWTO.
See the file H2Cpying for copying conditions.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Non-Converting Cost %: Illuminating Trends in Your Account
By, Senior Account Analyst at Hanapin Marketing
I'd like to start off this post with a big hat tip to Kevin Klein, a fellow account manager at Hanapin, for his thoughts, feedback, and assistance. All of which were all essential for bringing this post together. Now back to your regularly scheduled programming.
"Taken out of context, I must seem so strange." – Ani DiFranco
Early this month we stressed the importance of teaching metrics to clients, and not simply bludgeoning them with data, and then expecting them to take everything at face value. It's an important lesson, and one that account managers— the ones wielding the blunt force data— would do well to internalize.
Today I'm going to show you a metric, and its suggested application practices. Then I'll provide an insightful alternative.
The Lin/Rodnitzsky ratio, also called The Aggressiveness Scale, refers to the following formula:
CPA of total search queries / CPA of search queries that have converted.
Then, based on the number resulting from this formula, the L/R ratio comes equipped with a suggested plan of action. A 2 on this scale, supposedly, is the sweet spot of consummate account curation. A 1 means you're too conservative, and should probably undergo some keyword expansion. A 4 means the opposite. Time to cut back.
Here's the problem: the L/R ratio doesn't consider any account specific intangibles besides converted keywords (such as goals and performance), and makes the assumption that if there are performance issues, that those issues are caused, or even correlated to, excess keywords.
But we can take one aspect of the L/R ratio, extract it, and apply it in a more constructive way. The L/R ratio measures the amount of an account's spend towards keywords that have not converted. However, it presents this information in an abstract way (1, 2, 3 etc, on a limitless scale). So why not just calculate the exact % of your non-converting spend? Seeing that 60% of your account's spend is going to non-converting keywords is a whole lot more meaningful than seeing your account is a 4.2 on The Aggressiveness Scale, right
In order to find the % of Non-Converting Cost (NCC) in your account, filter out keywords with at least 1 conversion.
Now, take the cost of your converting keywords ($12,792.48), and subtract it from your total cost ($87,437.93), to find your NCC ($74,645.45). Then divide NCC by total cost, and multiply it out by 100 to find your NCC% (85.3).
Once you have a solid grasp on your NCC— and a number to represent it that is meaningful rather than represented in a non-intuitive way— you can than begin to figure out if it truly has any impact, positive or negative, on your account.
Here are a few different examples.
The above stacked line graph measures an account's rolling 14-week NCC% versus its Return on Ad Spend numbers. As is starkly illustrated in the data visualization, there is a very clear (and seemingly dependent) relationship between NCC% and ROAS. In fact, whoever manages this account can look at the graph and note that when the account has an NCC of 86% or greater, it tends to fall short of its ROAS goal, and vice versa. That's a pretty fantastic piece of information to have about your account, and one that the L/R ratio does not provide.
Here's another account, this one possessing a very different NCC/ROAS relationship than the one above.
Here you'll see that over the course of 12 months, ROAS and NCC stuck together like your upper and lower teeth after a withdraw from the bank of Jujyfruit. This relationship defies conventional wisdom— you'd think that super efficient spend would translate to an increased return. For whatever reason (and whoever runs the account can hypothesize on this), that's not the case here. But what's important is that you can use NCC% to identify that relationship, and then set your course of action.
If the trends are any indication, and they are— this is a massive account, with a trove of history, and a ton of data— cutting back on NCC%, which is what the L/R ratio would advise, is not what this account needs. See? Context. Valuable stuff.
A final example, this time utilizing a CPL goal from a lead-gen account.
This is example is interesting because there does not appear to be a tangible relationship between the goal metric (CPL) and NCC%. While in example 1 there was a clear inverse relationship, and in example 2, both data sets mirrored each other, example 3 possesses elements of both, making it difficult to use NCC as a benchmark, because performance has been volatile.
So in 3 different accounts, we see 3 different NCC/goal relationships. Looking at the data this way allows the account manager to operate with the aid of perspective, instead of blinding reducing or building out.
^ See what context can do for comprehension? Bet it now makes a lot more sense why I started with that quote.
Concluding Thoughts
The primary point of any metric should be how it relates to business goals. Performance should improve after removing wasted spend is a straightforward concept. By cutting down on excess you can focus on high converting queries. If NCC is high you can dig into the two major problem areas. Are you bringing in poor quality traffic or is it a CRO/site design problem?
The issues come into play when relying solely on a number. NCC normalizes this ratio to something more manageable. On an account specific basis it reveals hints for maximizing gains and orienting an overall strategy. Of course you'll always need to account for seasonality, market changes, and new strategies but looking beyond the CPA and into your NCC helps in understanding where your money is going. It may alarm you at first if it is a high number but remember PPC is full of managers who would be ecstatic for a 1% conversion rate.
For example, in e-commerce bids are often cheap, and the queries plentiful. While it's important to hone high traffic keywords with exact matches, there will be too many queries to always have exact matches. So long as these are quality queries and enough users convert, you can feasibly increase spend for higher and higher ROAS, even if you're technically increasing your overall NCC.
For accounts with high average order values, the increases in revenue will quickly overcome the higher NCC. It's up to you to find the correct level for your accounts. You may find that you can't sustain or profit from a high NCC%, or you may find that by attempting to quickly bring down the NCC, you slash too much potential revenue.
For a lead gen example, NCC allows you to justify and analyze just how much you will pay for those extra conversions. For example, you may have 20 more seats open in a university class, which you try to fill via paid search. While you usually optimize for a $250 CPA, filling those excess seats may justify a much higher CPA (since the relative value of tuition and credit hours is so high, you really don't want seats to go to waste). While optimizing towards a specific ratio would tell you not to do this, understanding that you are devoting an extra 50% of spend for additional conversions provides a deeper perspective for allocating your budget.
Do you utilize any metrics such as the Lin-Rodnitzsky ratio, Aggressiveness ratio, or something like the NCC? What situations have you found it most useful or where did you find it not so useful? Feel free to leave a comment and share your ideas with us and fellow readers.
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 - Ben
 What is the L/R ratio? I don't think that was ever explained. Was that the initial formula you gave? If os, how does this relate to the NCC%?
 - Kevin Klein
 Yep Ben, L/R ratio is short for Lin/Rodnitzsky ratio, which is: CPA of total search queries / CPA of search queries that have converted.
 The L/R ratio relates to NCC%, because L/R ratio calculates perceived excess spend based on CPA differential. What NCC% does is simply give you a raw number, so you know exactly how many of your keywords are not converting.
 - Zina
 I really missed the attributing conversions metric per keyword in this post. Dropping (non-converting) weight in AdWordscampaigns while they are attibuting conversions on other keywords seems like a very bad idea indeed…
 - Benjamin Hoffman
 Nice article Jacob… do you see a benefit in tracking both LR ratio and NCC at the same time?


a default value to an argument in case isn't supplied:
function example(arg1) {
 arg1 || (arg1 = 'default value');
Example IE fallback in event handlers:
function onClick(e) {
 e || (e = window.event);
The following language features have been with us for a long time, all JavaScript implementations support them, but they weren't part of the specification until ECMAScript 5th Edition:
The debugger statement
Described in: § 12.15 The debugger statement
This statement allows you to put breakpoints programmatically in your code just by:
//...
//...
If a debugger is present or active, it will cause it to break immediately, right on that line.
Otherwise, if the debugger is not present or active this statement has no observable effect.
Multiline String literals
Described in: § 7.8.4 String Literals
var str = "This is a \
really, really \
long line!";
You have to be careful because the character next to the \ must be a line terminator, if you have a space after the \ for example, the code will look exactly the same, but it will raise a SyntaxError.
Not if it's null, if it's considered false. a = 0 || 42; will give you 42. This is comparable with Python's or, not C#'s?? operator. If you want the C# behavior, do a = (b === null)? c : b; – Armin Ronacher Sep 21 '08 at 22:18
sweet! works with firebug. – Rajat Dec 23 '09 at 18:55
Like the term "falsy" :) – Jonas Mar 12 '10 at 22:24
I wish there was proper || for undefined only. I was bitten by this today for 0, since I wanted to create emulation of overloaded method, so that the last argument was optional and a default value would be used instead. – egaga Apr 15 '10 at 3:47
I didn't know about the multiline string literal technique. That's fantastic, thanks. – Charlie Flowers Nov 26 '10 at 2:33
JavaScript does not have block scope (but it has closure so let's call it even?).
var x = 1;
 var x = 2;
alert(x); // outputs 2
That is a good one. It is a really important difference from most C like languages. – Martin Clarke Sep 14 '08 at 19:02
You can always do "var tmp = function() { /* block scope */ }();". The syntax is ugly, but it works. – Joeri Sebrechts Sep 30 '08 at 11:03
Or you can use "let" if it's Firefox only: stackoverflow.com/questions/61088/… – Eugene Yokota Oct 1 '08 at 0:42
or just: (function() { var x = 2; })(); alert(typeof x); //undefined – Pim Jager Jan 27 '09 at 23:17
You can access object properties with [] instead of.
This allows you look up a property matching a variable.
obj = {a:"test"};
var propname = "a";
var b = obj[propname]; // "test"
You can also use this to get/set object properties whose name is not a legal identifier.
obj["class"] = "test"; // class is a reserved word; obj.class would be illegal.
obj["two words"] = "test2"; // using dot operator not possible with the space.
Some people don't know this and end up using eval() like this, which is a really bad idea:
var propname = "a";
var a = eval("obj." + propname);
This is harder to read, harder to find errors in (can't use jslint), slower to execute, and can lead to XSS exploits.
It's interesting to note that dot-referencing is actually syntax sugar for the bracketref. foo.bar, according to the spec anyway, behaves just like foo["bar"]. also note that everything is a string property. even when you do array access, array[4], the 4 is converted to a string (again, at least according to ECMAScript v3 spec) – Claudiu Jun 24 '10 at 14:40
If you're Googling for a decent JavaScript reference on a given topic, include the "mdc" keyword in your query and your first results will be from the Mozilla Developer Center. I don't carry any offline references or books with me. I always use the "mdc" keyword trick to directly get to what I'm looking for. For example:
Google: javascript array sort mdc
(in most cases you may omit "javascript")
Update: Mozilla Developer Center has been renamed to Mozilla Developer Network. The "mdc" keyword trick still works, but soon enough we may have to start using "mdn" instead.
Fixed Google search link. – Ates Goral Sep 22 '09 at 19:06
Wow, great resource. Instantly better than crappy w3schools... – DisgruntledGoat Sep 22 '09 at 23:31
You don't even need to Google it, if you're on Firefox: just type "array mdc" into the address bar and hit Enter. – Sasha Chedygov Apr 10 '10 at 4:00
A propo this: promotejs.com, a grassroots SEO initiative to drive MDC results further up in Google search results. – Yahel Nov 11 '10 at 0:30
Now is the MDN doc center, so the'mdc' keyword is still valid :) – Aleadam Mar 14 '11 at 21:14
Maybe a little obvious to some...
Install Firebug and use console.log("hello"). So much better than using random alert();'s which I remember doing a lot a few years ago.
Just don't forget to remove the console statements before releasing your code to others who may not have Firebug installed. – Chris Noe Sep 22 '08 at 19:49
function log(msg) { if(console) console.log(msg) else alert(msg) } – Josh Sep 26 '08 at 21:33
Even better, precede log statements with ';;;' and then minify takes care of it for you. (At least, the Perl module I use has that feature, and claims it's commonplace.) – Kev Nov 10 '08 at 13:46
Josh: That won't work as console is not defined. You could check typeof console!== "undefined" or window.console. – Eli Grey Aug 13 '09 at 3:03
Always include: if (typeof('console') == 'undefined') { console = { log: function() { } }; } then you can continue to use console.log, and it just does nothing. – gregmac Sep 2 '09 at 4:37
Private Methods
An object can have private methods.
function Person(firstName, lastName) {
 this.firstName = firstName;
 this.lastName = lastName;
 // A private method only visible from within this constructor
 function calcFullName() {
 return firstName + " " + lastName;
 // A public method available to everyone
 this.sayHello = function () {
var person1 = new Person("Bob", "Loblaw");
// This fails since the method is not visible from this scope
That's not really a private function - it's more a function variable in a local scope. – Keith Sep 15 '08 at 16:28
True but by all operational definitions I can think of that's a method. It's a block of code with a name that has access to instance state and can only be seen by that instance. What's your definition of a private method? – Allain Lalonde Sep 17 '08 at 22:44
_USER_, exactly! It's easy, after spending years working with class-based OO languages, to forget that they are merely one implementation of OO concepts. Of course, the various libraries that attempt to cram quasi-class-based OO into JS don't help either... – Shog9 Sep 20 '08 at 22:23
Just wondering, does person1 have a Law Blog? ;-) – travis Sep 23 '08 at 16:11
+1 for the arrested development reference – Domenic Feb 28 '10 at 2:19
Also mentioned in Crockford's "Javascript: The Good Parts":
parseInt() is dangerous. If you pass it a string without informing it of the proper base it may return unexpected numbers. For example parseInt('010') returns 8, not 10. Passing a base to parseInt makes it work correctly:
parseInt('010') // returns 8! (in FF3)
parseInt('010', 10); // returns 10 because we've informed it which base to work with.
When doing code reviews, always look for this one. Leaving off the ", 10" is a common mistake that goes unnoticed in most testing. – Doug Domeny Jun 25 '09 at 14:31
Why not use Math.floor or Number? 10 === Math.floor("010"); 10 === Number("010"); floats: 42 === Math.floor("42.69"); 42.69 === Number("42.69"); – just somebody Dec


text:
Tank-mixing boron with 6-benzyladenine to enhance 'Gala' apple fruit size may promote fruit splitting.
Peryea, F.J. and Neilsen, G.H. (2013). "Tank-mixing boron with 6-benzyladenine to enhance 'Gala' apple fruit size may promote fruit splitting.", Acta Horticulturae (ISHS), 984, pp. 401-408.
Because Gala apple fruit (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) are naturally small, considerable commercial effort is made to increase their size. The plant bioregulator 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) often is applied for the express purpose of enhancing Gala apple fruit size. Gala apples also are prone to a physiological disorder known as splitting, manifest as longitudinal and radical cracking of the fruit originating at the stem end. Although the 6-BA label recommends against tank-mixing other substances with the product, many growers believe that adding boron (B) enhances the activity of 6-BA. This practice simultaneously provides B for nutritional purposes, which is recommended to be applied annually under Washington State (USA) conditions. In 2005, we conducted a field study examining the effect of adding various formulations of B to 6-BA sprays made to increase fruit size. The 6-BA sprays had little effect on average fruit mass but changed the distribution of fruit size within the total fruit population. Rather than shifting the fruit size population curve to larger fruit, it reduced kurtosis, with the increase in the proportion of large fruits being offset by a complementary increase in the proportion of small fruits. Adding B did not appre¬ciably alter fruit size grouping frequencies compared to 6-BA alone. The B-containing sprays had no effect on mid-summer leaf B but slightly increased at-harvest fruit B. There was a tendency for the B-containing spray treatments to increase the incidence of splitting. There was a significant linear relationship between splitting and fruit B, suggesting that splitting may be exacerbated by small increases in fruit B within the concentration range normally considered optimal for preventing B deficiency symptoms and avoiding B toxicity problems. It is possible that splitting in Gala apple is particularly sensitive to B excess, suggesting that B fertilization recommendations should be cultivar-specific.
- Date modified:


text:
How To Redact Power Of attorney For Banking Transactions Form online?
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In a power of attorney, you name someone as your attorney-in-fact (or agent) to make financial decisions for you. The power gives your agent control over any assets held in your name alone. If a bank account is owned in your name alone, your attorney-in-fact will have access to it.
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How do various behaviors of social dominance and courtship displays affect the evolutionary process?
A group of 19 Merino rams was used to determine: if body weight, age and testis characteristics are different between high (HR) and low-ranked (LR) rams, More?
Updated on Thursday, February 02 2012 at 04:18AM EST
Collections: evolutionbody weight


text:
Today the technical limit for central receiver thermodynamic solar systems (solar towers) is represented by the temperature (about Tmax = 560 ° C) that can be reached with current storage and exchange fluids (molten salts). This paper deals with a full-scale experimental technology test to transfer and improve current technologies by applying the experience, actually consolidated in the field of liquid lead exchangers in nuclear sector, to accumulate solar energy at higher temperature. With the adoption of liquid lead as a means of storing heat and exchange fluid with highly efficient air systems, it is possible to reach and exceed 800 ° C with undoubted advantages in terms of efficiency. This is a real innovative technical gap solved. The adoption of molten lead as a storage and heat exchange material, however, poses important problems both in terms of corrosion and resistance to creep for the temperatures reached, the paper describes the technical solutions adopted to overcome these problems in an unexplored region.
|Titolo:||Engineering challenges in high temperature liquid lead storage for concentrated solar power systems|
|Data di pubblicazione:||2020|
|Appare nelle tipologie:||4.1 Contributo in Atti di convegno|


text:
The first ever space "petrol station" is set to be built in the UK as part of a project to support upcoming Nasa moon missions.
Aerospace manufacturer Thales Alenia Space, which has sites in Bristol, Belfast and Oxfordshire, will construct the chemical refuelling station – due to be launched into space in 2027.
The station will help refuel the Lunar Gateway – a space station that will orbit the moon and serve as a communication hub and science laboratory – using xenon and other chemical propellants.
Thales employs nearly 200 highly skilled teams of engineers and scientists across its three sites and is one of many UK businesses that will play a "key role" in supporting the project.
The announcement comes as part of the "historic agreement" signed by the UK Space Agency, Nasa and other partners on Tuesday that will lay the groundwork for future space missions.
Nasa's Artemis mission plans to land the first woman and the next man on the moon by 2024, and the UK has already committed more than £16 million for the first phase of its design.
The lunar space station is expected to play a major role in the Artemis programme.
It is also hoped that establishing a sustainable lunar presence will ultimately be used as a "stepping stone" for the first human mission to Mars.
The UK Space Agency said that the participation of multiple UK businesses in the project will generate economic benefits and high-skilled jobs.
Science Minister Amanda Solloway said: "Creating the first ever space fuel station on British soil is yet another example of how we are leading the world in space innovation, especially as this incredible project will be vital for future exploration of the moon and Mars.
"I am delighted that this game-changing technology is going to be supporting nearly 200 high skilled jobs right here in the UK, increasing our standing as a global space power."


text:
Chippewa Valley Book Festival - Owls of the Eastern Ice
- 400 Eau Claire St., Eau Claire, WI 54701
- Visit Website
- Dates: October 13, 2023
- Location: L. E. Phillips Memorial Public Library
- Time: 7:30 PM to 8:30 PM
- Price: Registration information online
There are still wild places in the world; places that we should celebrate and protect. Jonathan Slaght led a five-year study of an endangered and little-known owl species in Russia called the Blakiston's fish owl. These salmon eaters are the largest owls in the world and live in some of the most difficult-to-access forests of northeast Asia. Slaght will describe the owls and his project, the adventures and struggles of fieldwork, writing Owls of the Eastern Ice, and on-going conservation efforts with this endangered species.


text:
The Cult of the Chronogram in 18th Century Bohemia
Tamara Ayrapetova and Ksenia Larionova
Villamarin M. Alejandro
The present paper proposes the application of Semiotic Engineering theory to Content Management Systems (CMS) focusing on the analysis of how the use of different ontologies can affect the user's efficiency when performing tasks in a CMS. The analysis is performed using the theoretical semiotic model Web-Semiotic Interface Design Evaluation (W-SIDE model).
The Ontology Translation concept is proposed as a practical enhancement for the W-SIDE model. The enhanced model is validated by using a proof of concept based on test cases of a fictitious scenario. The validation process is carried out modifying an open source CMS. The testing of the modified CMS if performed by a volunteer tester that fits both the Ontology Translation concept and the fictitious scenario. Finally, the results of the experiment are critically evaluated establishing limitations, conclusions, and recommendations for future studies.
The project follows the development of a Java Software Tool that extracts data from Flat File (Fixed Length Record Type), CSV (Comma Separated Values), and XLS (Microsoft Excel 97-2003 Worksheet file), apply transformation to those sources, and finally load the data into the end target RDBMS. The software refers to a process known as ETL (Extract Transform and Load). Those kinds of systems are called ETL systems.
The analysis involved research on the theory behind the ETL process as well as the theory behind the various phases of the applied methodology. Also an in-depth look at the design and architecture of the software has been made. To create a complete design needed to be used for the implementation, different techniques and diagrams where used to visualise and refine ideas: UML class diagrams, System Architecture Diagrams, Physical Data Model, and Project Timeline.
The implementation of the project involved the translation of the system architecture into working software using the Extreme Programming Methodology and the Java programming language. A mapping algorithm module and design patterns have been used in the implementation phase. A transformation syntax has been defined to achieve data transformation.
The testing of the software was done in the form of a unit test. A formal test plan was prepared to ensure that the main features of the system worked as defined. An error handling code implementation has been developed to avoid an unexpected crash of the system and to communicate to the user problems or errors.
This study focuses on the differences in power consumption between beam-forming and relaying data transmission methods in a sparse wireless ad-hoc network. These two methods are observed for the same parameters using an identical network topology in a simulation programme that was developed as a part of this study.
This paper introduces the reader the background of sensor networks and exposes the aims of this study and methods used to simulate these networks. Finally, the results of a simulation are analysed and the two methods are compared, followed by the conclusion of the study and the project itself.
Tran Van Ngoc
Barter is the direct exchange of goods or services without using a medium of exchange, such as money. Barter faced a number of limitations, and according to Smith (1776), these limitations led to the emergence of money. However, trading with money also exposes traders to the problems of monetary economy such as inflation, deflation, currency de-valuation, and currency exchange fluctuation. According to Statista.com (2015), in 2016, global Business to Customer (B2C) e-commerce sales will reach 1.92 trillion US dollars. On the other hand, online barter solutions are rare on the market. The only attempts to tackle online barter are mobile applications, carried out by small businesses. The market gap is caused by the unsolved inefficiencies of barter. The aim of this thesis is to identify the problems of barter, propose an IT solution for the problems of barter, and finally, produce an artefact, which is the realisation of the proposed IT solution by utilising computer systems and computer algorithms.


text:
Local Navigation Warning
Port of Snowy River
Location: Snowy and Brodribb River systems
DATE: 17 January 2022
DETAILS: Mariners are advised that recent rainfall in the river catchments of the Snowy River system has caused localized flooding resulting in a minor flood warning for the Snowy River.
Mariners are reminded that debris caused by flood water including large trees and timbers may find its way downstream and affect the safe navigation of vessels within the Snowy and Brodribb rivers and the estuary system.
Gippsland Ports strongly advises against the operation of vessels in flood affected waters or driving vehicles through flood water.
Mariners should take extra precaution if it is necessary to operate vessels in rivers and creeks following rain events and be aware of the possible presence of new debris hazards.
Please contact Gippsland Ports on 03 51 500 500 to report navigation hazards.
For information on weather and flood water levels go to; _URL_


The term "Factories" comes from the factory design pattern. Factories are objects which can create new instances of certain types of Entities. Factories provide the following benefits:
 1. Entities created in a factory will automatically be added to screen lists (by default).
 2. Factories provide a standard way to create entities which is especially useful for systems like Tiled to instantiate new entities.
 3. Factories can pool Entities which can greatly reduce allocated memory for Entities which are created and destroyed frequently.
If your game requires the creation of entities in code (such as the player shooting bullets or enemies appearing at an enemy spawn point), then you will want to use factories.
Quick Usage Example
To use a factory in Glue:
 1. Create or select an existing entity
 2. Select the Quick Action tab
 3. Click the Add Player Factory button. Your button may have a different text matching your selected Entity's name.
 1. If you do not see this, your entity may already have a factory. To check this, look at the properties tab for your entity and find the Created by Other Entities property. If it's true, you already have a factory.
 4. Click Add Player List to GameScreen. Note that if your main screen is not titled GameScreen, then you will need to manually add a list to the desired screen. A screen must exist in your current screen or the created entities will not have their CustomActivity methods called.
 5. In any code, such as in GameScreen or any other entity, create a Player instance using the CreateNew method as shown in the following code:
 void CustomInitialize()
 var player = Factories.PlayerFactory.CreateNew(x: 50, y: 100);
 // perform any additional modifications to the player here
For a tutorial on how to use factories, see the Created by Other Entities tutorial page.
Factories Generated by Glue
Glue will automatically generate factories for any entity which has its Created by Other Entities property set to true.
For information on this property, see the CreatedByOtherEntities page.


text:
SHARAD radar cross-section
On the left is a normal SHARAD radar cross-section of the north polar cap of Mars. The right side shows a continuation of that cross-section, with colors that correspond to different wavelengths of the radar signal. The changing color patterns reveal new details of the thickness and spacing of dust layers within the ice. The total width of the image is 440 km, and the ice cap here is about 1.5 km thick. (Smithsonian Institution/Planetary Science Institute).


text:
This article reproduces an excerpt of Descriptive Cataloging of Rare Materials (Books) (usually referred to as DCRM(B)) concerning signature statements in catalog records, along with (eventually) notes and observations on Folger practice.
DCRM(B) on signatures
7B9.1. General rule. Make a note giving details of the signatures of a volume, if considered important. Give these signature details according to the formula in Philip Gaskell's A New Introduction to Bibliography (see p. 328-332), insofar as typographical facilities permit. Preface this note with the word "Signatures" and a colon.
- Signatures: [A]4 B-C4 D2 E-G4 H2
- Signatures: A-C4 D4(-D3) E-F4
- Signatures: A-2Z8, 2A-M8
- Signatures: [1-68]
- (Comment: Volume is completely unsigned)
It is generally desirable to give signatures for incunabula, especially if identical signatures are not given in a standard bibliographic source. It is also desirable to provide signatures when a volume has no pagination or foliation.
7B9.2. Unavailable characters. If the gatherings are signed with a mark of contraction (see 0G8.2, Appendix G3) that cannot be reproduced using available typographical facilities, substitute the spelled out form and enclose it in square brackets.
- Signatures: )(8 a-z8 &8 [con]8 [rum]8
If the gatherings are signed with other unavailable characters, substitute a descriptive term or an abbreviation for that term if a standard one exists.
7B9.3. Special uses of pi and chi. Indicate unsigned leaves that fall outside the signature sequence (see Gaskell, p. 330) by using the words pi and chi. Do not enclose the words in square brackets. Do not use the Greek characters π and χ, as these will give the impression that the leaves have actually been signed with Greek letters (see 7B9.9).
- Signatures: pi4 A-C4 chi2 D-Z4
Indicate partial duplications of an alphabet (see Gaskell, p. 331) by using superscript pi and superscript chi or, if superscript letters are not available, by substituting "[superscript pi]" and "[superscript chi]."
- Signatures: piA4 A-D4 chiD4 E-F4
- Signatures: [superscript pi]A4 A-D4 [superscript chi]D4 E-F4
7B9.4. Non-conventional Latin alphabet. If the gatherings are signed with roman letters according to a pattern other than the conventional 23-letter Latin alphabet (i.e., A-Z, less I or J, U or V, and W), make this explicit by recording the additional letters in the signature statement.
- Signatures: A-V4 W4 X-Z4
- (Comment: Printer used a 24-letter alphabet)
- Signatures: A-I8 J8 K-U8 V8 W8 X-2I8 2J8 2K-2M8
- (Comment: Printer used a 26-letter alphabet)
7B9.5. Signatures do not match gatherings. If it can be determined that the signing of the volume does not match its actual gatherings, indicate this in the note.
- Signatures: 8 2-38; volume actually gathered in twelves
7B9.6. Concurrent signatures. If the volume is signed using two concurrent sequences, provide both sets of signatures in the note. Give the signatures that correspond to the actual gatherings first, if this can be determined.
- Signatures: 1-1212; also signed A-S8
- Signatures: 1-1212 and A-S8; actual gatherings cannot be determined


text:
Most functional programming languages like Haskell or ML allow to define functions using pattern matching. Instead of testing arguments in the body of a message, this allows to specify case-based function definitions in a very elegant way. An example of such a definition would be the factorial:
fac(0) = 1
fac(n) = n * fac(n - 1)
This package provides an object model to describe such functions, a parser to read the syntax, visitors to transform the code to ordinary smalltalk code and a browser to make it easy to work with. The advantage is, that it is fully integrated into Squeak and allows to be used with any other part of the system. Furthermore it is transparent to any source-management tool and does not require a runtime library.
The goal of this package is to allow the developer to write functions in a more natural way and to transform these functions to ordinary Smalltalk code: The previous example can be written and compiled in the functional browser using a slightly enhanced Smalltalk syntax, as seen below. Note that in this example the order in which you specify your functions is important:
^n * (n - 1) fac
The special thing about this is that the receiver of the message _TAG_ is used to do the pattern matching. In real functional languages there is no concept of receiver, so purists might think that the receiver is just the first argument passed to the function and is matched as any other argument. Of course, if all the functions specified by the programmer fail to match, _TAG_: is evaluated.


Jump to: navigation, search
Pattern Matcher API
Getting Started
GMS PatternService group configuration.png
The Pattern Matcher API allows you to create and manage pattern lists that you can use to check parameter values and define exceptions in your GMS service.
First, configure a list of patterns or groups of list of patterns in your GMS Configuration object or per service, in the GMS Service Management UI as detailed in the Callback Solution Guide.
For example, the left-side screenshot shows the GMS configuration of the patterns_def1 group .
Once you have defined some patterns, use the Pattern Matcher API queries to check the validity of your parameters. Each query will return the name of the matching pattern (if any) for each parameter. As a result, if none of the parameters match the patterns, the response will be an empty array.
For example, if you submit the following parameters:
param1 = _PHONE_
param2 = _EMAIL_
param3 = 911
The API result would be:
"param3":"911","param2":"email"
Pattern Format
The exception patterns are regular expressions as defined in the Java Pattern Class.
List of API Queries
Verify Parameters Against General Patterns List
Use this query to submit a list of parameters to verify. The method returns a JSON array of the parameters that match one of the patterns, where: the keys are the parameters and the values are the name of the matching pattern in the general pattern list. Only strings that match one of the patterns are returned; others are ignored. As a result, if none of the parameters match the patterns, the response will be an empty array.
Operation
POST genesys/1/patterns
Body: The body can be either a MultiPart form or x-www-form-urlencoded form that consists of key/value pairs representing the strings to test.
For example: param1=<string to check>&param2=<string to check>&...&param-n=<string to check>
Response
HTTP code 200
HTTP Message OK
Body A JSON array of key-value pairs where the key is the parameter name and the value is the name of the matching pattern. For example: {"param1": "pattern1","param2":"pattern2",..., "param-n":"pattern-n"} where pattern-i is the name of a pattern.
Example
The following example verifies param1, param2, and param3.
POST http://127.0.0.1:8080/genesys/1/patterns HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:8080
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 347
Cache-Control: no-cache
Origin: chrome-extension://fdmmgilgnpjigdojojpjoooidkmcomcm
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.22
(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/25.0.1364.152 Safari/537.22
Content-Type: multipart/form-data;
boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryTkdw0u7LG1bBGbnj
Accept: */*
Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8,fr;q=0.6,fr-FR;q=0.4
Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
------WebKitFormBoundaryTkdw0u7LG1bBGbnj
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="param1"
12
------WebKitFormBoundaryTkdw0u7LG1bBGbnj
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="param2"
_EMAIL_
------WebKitFormBoundaryTkdw0u7LG1bBGbnj
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="param3"
911-
------WebKitFormBoundaryTkdw0u7LG1bBGbnj--
The following response indicates that param2 and param3 match some patterns defined in Configuration Manager.
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Thu, 14 Mar 2013 16:13:06 GMT
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-store
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 44

{"param3":"911","param2":"email"}
Verify Parameters Against a Specific Group in the Patterns List
Use this query to submit a list of parameters to verify against the patterns defined in a specific group that is part of the general pattern list. The method returns a JSON array of the parameters that match one of the patterns of this group, where the keys are the parameters and the values are the name of the matching pattern in the group pattern list. Only strings that match one of the patterns are returned; others are ignored. As a result, if none of the parameters match the patterns, the response will be an empty array.
Operation
POST genesys/1/patterns/group/{groupName}
Parameter Type Mandatory Description
URI Parameters
{groupName} String Yes
The group to which the patterns belong.
Body: The body can be either a MultiPart form or x-www-form-urlencoded form consisting of key/value pairs, representing the strings to test.
For example:
param1=<string to check>&param2=<string to check>&...&param-n=<string to check>
Response
HTTP code 200
HTTP Message OK
Body A JSON array of key-value pairs where the key is the parameter name and the value is the pattern found for this parameter. {"param1": "pattern1","param2":"pattern2",..., "param-n":"pattern-n"} where pattern-i is the name of a pattern.
Example
The following example verifies if the param1 and param2 match the group of patterns "patterns_def1".
Operation
POST http://127.0.0.1:8080/genesys/1/patterns/group/patterns_def1
 HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:8080
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 41
Cache-Control: no-cache
Origin: chrome-extension://fdmmgilgnpjigdojojpjoooidkmcomcm
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64)
 AppleWebKit/537.22 (KHTML, like Gecko)
Chrome/25.0.1364.152 Safari/537.22
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Accept: */*
Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8,fr;q=0.6,fr-FR;q=0.4
Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3
param1=john.doe%40gmail.com&param2=blabla
Result
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Thu, 14 Mar 2013 16:22:30 GMT
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-store
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 30
{"param1":"email"}
The following response indicates that param1 matches the email pattern of the patterns_def1 group defined in Configuration Manager.
Sample Errors
Your application can receive an HTTP error 403 Forbidden if your service and your GMS configuration do not include the required patterns or group of patterns.
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Date: Thu, 14 Mar 2013 16:23:35 GMT
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-store
Content-Length: 107
{"message":"Group (patterns_def1s) unknown.",
"exception":"com.genesyslab.gsg.services.pattern.MatchPattern"}
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
 Date: Thu, 14 Mar 2013 16:24:32 GMT
 Pragma: no-cache
 Cache-Control: no-cache
 Cache-Control: no-store
 Content-Length: 142
{"message":"Service (match-interaction) not configured
 to support exceptions.",
"exception":"com.genesyslab.gsg.services.pattern.MatchPattern"}
This page was last modified on January 22, 2018, at 06:26.
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One of the things about the dojo model of firearms training is that it requires the use of advanced students to train the beginners: The brown belts train the white belts because in doing so, they a) free up the sensei's time and b) learn how to do stuff in the process of training others. An example:
Something that helps make Step By Step Gun Training's Shoot and Scoots so successful is that they have experienced shooters who are NRA Certified RSO's help the new gun owners with things like finger off the trigger while moving and how to do a safe presentation and reholster. The RO's aren't there to help shave 0.2 seconds off a draw: Their job is to get the newbies (white belts) up to speed and in doing so, reinforce those skills in themselves, and in the process, learn how learn so they themselves can become better shooters. There's an initial sorting process that takes place with first-timers so the RO's don't train people who are absolutely new to guns: Those people are sent to a lead instructor to get the Four Rules and some basic marksmanship drilled into them before they hit the range.
This process of using advanced students to help guide competent but inexperienced new students helps free up the lead instructor's time to a) instill a basic level of safety into the really, really new students and b) allow time to work with experienced students on areas like faster trigger speed and better gun manipulation. The dojo model needs a sensei, but it also needs lots and lots of sempai as well.


Main Content
d2dOptions
Create option set for discrete-time resampling
Syntax
opts = d2dOptions
opts = d2dOptions('OptionName', OptionValue)
Description
opts = d2dOptions returns the default options for d2d.
opts = d2dOptions('OptionName', OptionValue) accepts one or more comma-separated name-value pairs that specify options for the d2d command. Specify OptionName inside single quotes.
This table summarizes the options that the d2d command supports.
Input Arguments
Name-Value Pair Arguments
'Method'
Discretization method, specified as one of the following values:
'zoh'
Zero-order hold, where d2d assumes that the control inputs are piecewise constant over the sample time Ts.
'tustin'
Bilinear (Tustin) approximation. By default, d2d resamples with no prewarp. To include prewarp, use the PrewarpFrequency option.
For information about the algorithms for each d2d conversion method, see Continuous-Discrete Conversion Methods.
Default: 'zoh'
'PrewarpFrequency'
Prewarp frequency for 'tustin' method, specified in rad/TimeUnit, where TimeUnit is the time units, specified in the TimeUnit property, of the resampled system. Takes positive scalar values. The prewarp frequency must be smaller than the Nyquist frequency before and after resampling. A value of 0 corresponds to the standard 'tustin' method without prewarp.
Default: 0
Examples
collapse all
Create the following discrete-time transfer function with sample time 0.1 seconds.
H(z)=z+1z2+z+1
h1 = tf([1 1],[1 1 1],0.1);
Specify the discretization method as bilinear Tustin method with a prewarping frequency of 20 rad/seconds.
opts = d2dOptions('Method','tustin','PrewarpFrequency',20);
Resample the discrete-time model using the specified options.
h2 = d2d(h1,0.05,opts);
You can use the option set opts to resample additional models using the same options.
See Also
Introduced in R2010a