The Benefits of Lipreading
Lipreading helps people understand more speech by watching for and identifying mouth movements that are associated with speech.
Being able to see speech helps people communicate better, especially in challenging listening environments like when there is background noise.
Improving Your Everyday Life
On monday morning Sarah asked her coworker if they did anything fun over the weekend. Sarah heard "I took my blank to the blank yesterday". By lipreading, Sarah could identify the words she missed by watching her coworkers lips. "I took my dog to the park yesterday."
Like Sarah's situation above, lipreading helps people comprehend speech more clearly and connect to more conversations.
We can use hearing assistive technology and what hearing we have available to help us understand speech, but sometimes it's hard to catch every word a person says.
Lipreading is a tool that can help you fill in the blanks and pick up more words and make it easier to process what someone is saying.Picture of a mouth and ear with letters jumbled around it.Lipreading helps you feel more comfortable interacting in social situations because it allows you to understand speech without having to rely on your ears to pick up every sound.
Lipreading can boost your confidence.
Improving your lipreading skills can help you understand more speech giving you the opportunity to connect and engage with more conversations.
Learning and building your lipreading skills can enhance your listening skills and help you feel confident that you are able to successfully contribute to conversations.
Lipreading can help you interact with others, improve your communication skills, and help remove feelings of isolation as a result of living with hearing challenges.
Lipreading is a tool for those with or without hearing loss.
Lipreading comes with the benefit of learning about how to manage hearing challenges present in your everyday life.
It's very common to feel uncomfortable when talking about and communicating your hearing challenges to others. Learning to lipread is a soft approach to managing these challenges and a way to help yourself feel more comfortable with the hearing challenges present in your life.
Although learning to lipread is about understanding more speech, it's also about ensuring you feel comfortable talking about and telling others about the challenges you're experiencing. You're allowed to be assertive and comfortable with asking people to repeat what they've said and making sure your hearing needs are met.
Lipreading can help you feel more in control.
Knowing how to lipread gives you the opportunity to have more control in certain listening environments.
Feeling more in control of your hearing challenges can help you feel more connected to those around you. Good communication is an important part of building relationships and lipreading can help with that. By improving your communication skills you can more effectively connect with others
Lipreading is knowledge and knowledge is power. Lipreading courses like Read Our Lips teach you how to identify and watch for speech movements on the mouth and how to manage and adapt to different listening environments. These skills can help you minimize the effects of hearing challenges and increase effective communication.
Lipreading can help you be more independent.
Lipreading allows you to manage communication more independently and can impact how well you understand conversations.
Lipreading is also a tool that can help reduce the likelihood of feeling isolated or left out. As you learn how to understand more speech you will be able to do more things on your own with less difficulty and less reliance on others to hear for you.
Learning to lipread has proven to be beneficial for many people of all ages and backgrounds. Lipreading is a skill that takes time and practice to perfect, but the more you learn the more you can benefit!
Read Our Lips is here to guide and support you on your lipreading journey. Jump right into learning and practicing today - we're giving you the first lesson for free to get you started!
Stay in touch! Subscribe to the Read Our Lips newsletter.


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Quicksilver is set in the late 17th and early 18th century, mostly in England, France, and the United Provinces, with sections further east and in Massachusetts. It deals with the science, economy and politics of that era, revolving around characters such as Isaac Newton. Ancestors of the characters of Stephenson's Cryptonomicon feature strongly. As in other Stephenson works, there is a theme of how money works. The novel covers such historical events as the Great Plague, the Great Fire of London, the Edict of Fontainebleau, the Monmouth Rebellion, the Bloody Assizes, the Battle of Vienna and the Glorious Revolution, though many details, such as the identity of members of the CABAL, have been changed.
|Table of contents|
3 External links
The The Age of Unreason cycle by Keyes shares many of the historical characters of Quicksilver such as Benjamin Franklin, Newton, Louis XIV of France and Nicolas Fatio de Duillier.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Why Commercial Restrooms
Commercial restrooms are likely to be utilized by thousands of people in a day. With so much use there is a high probability of vandalism to the many items within a commercial restroom, costing countless amounts of damage every day.
- Receives regular audits to ensure the facilities and utilities are maintained and graffiti free
- Continuous vandalism to the items within a commercial restroom (mirrors, partitions, urinal tops…etc.)
- Continuously replacing vandalized items

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Tanzania - FAO wheat database
Wheat production potential in Tanzania
Tanzania's population is about 20 m and nine tenths of the people depend on agriculture, directly or indirectly, for their livelihood. The inhospitably long dry season, and the infestation of large areas with tsetse fly, restrict two thirds of the population to one tenth of the area of the country. Tanzania's economy is, and will continue to b e, agricultural. Since 1970, however, food production has expanded at a rate of only 2.9 percent, while the population has grown at a rate of 3.3 percent annually. During this period, Tanzania has changed from a net exporter of food to a net importer on a large scale.
Tanzania is situated between latitudes 1 0 S and 11 0 S, and between longitudes 30 E and 43 E. Since it is so close to the equator, Tanzania has a typically tropical climate in all lowland areas, with warm temperatures, slow wind velocities, humid air in most months., and no winter. Altitude modifies the climate of the highlands to a temperature regime suitable for wheat. In the south-east the climate is warmed by the Indian Ocean.
In the east and south-east annual rainfall generally ranges between 750 mm and 1,250 mm. Some parts of the Southern Highlands receive more than 1,250 mm. Large areas in central and southern Tanzania receive much less than 750 mm of rainfall. Rainfall increases towards the west and north, and parts of the Northern Highlands receive more than 1,250 mm.
Mean monthly temperatures for January range between 20 0 C and 26 0 C, coolest in the Northern and -Southern Highlands and warmest along the coast of the Indian Ocean. The range of mean monthly temperatures for July is between 16 0 C and 220C.
In much of Tanzania, lack of water limits the growing of wheat more than temperature. Under the prevailing conditions of temperature, sunshine and wind, the minimum annual rainfall required for wheat is 750 mm. The following tables give the proportions of the total area of the country receiving various amounts of rainfall.
The total land area of Tanzania is estimated at 88.6 m ha. The area with sufficient rainfall (more than 750 mm per year) for reliable crop production is thus about 18.6 m ha. The total area harvested during 1979/80 was 6.3 m ha, while potential arable land (regardless of rainfall) has been estimated at 28 m ha. Thus '-he potential for the development of rainfed crop production, including wheat, to sustain the growing rural population, is satisfactory.
Soils with medium to high potential are found mostly in the highland and plateau regions of Mbeya, Njombe, Iringa, Rukwa, Kigoma, Tabora, Kagera, Shinyanga, Mwanza, Singida, Dodoma, Kilimanjaro, Meru and the Usambaras. The level to gently undulating terrain of these areas favours cultivation, but this very feature is often associated with flooding, inadequate drainage and saline soils. These soils cover an area of about 8 m ha.
Soils of slight to medium fertility, with moderate potential, cover considerable areas in most regions. Another group of soils, which are infertile but have moderate potential when fertilized, is fairly extensive in central and south-eastern Tanzania. Together these two groups of soils occupy about 20 m ha.
Wheat production in Tanzania depends almost entirely on rainfall. At present, only 144,000 ha are under partial or full-scale irrigation. Potential irrigable land is estimated at 933,000 ha.
Present wheat production
Wheat is grown entirely under rainfed conditions. Production falls short of requirements and the country relies heavily on wheat import, which ranged between 47,000 and 76,000 tons between 1982 and 1984.
Wheat is the preferred food grain in towns, while the rural population lives mainly on other cereals. As people move into the towns, consumption of wheat in the coming years is likely to grow faster than that of all other cerals. Evidently, unless a determined effort is undertaken in the research and development of wheat, Tanzania's wheat production will remain inadequate for a long time.
There are three modes of wheat production in Tanzania, each with a different level of technical management:
(1) Large-scale mechanized production is being carried out by the National Food and Agriculture Corporation (NAFCO) with the assistance of the Canadian International Development Agency in the Arusha and Kilimajaro regions. Since 1970 these agencies have established six farms totalling 20,757 ha in the Hanang Wheat Complex in the Arusha region. in addition, NAFCO has 6,000 ha under wheat in the Kilimajaro region. Wheat cultivation on these farms is fully mechanized and average yield is 1.6 tons/ha without the use of fertilizer. Erosion problems at Hanang are discussed below in Chapter 7, item 15. To conserve water in the soil and to prevent erosion, the technique of minimum tillage is now being practised, using chisel and sweep ploughs. About three quarters of Tanzania's commercial wheat production comes from these farms.
(2) Smallto medium-scale mechanized wheat cultivation has been practised in parts of the Arusha and Kilimanjaro regions, and in the Irenga region, since 1945. Medium-sized wheat estates, established by expatriate (British) farmers, still continue under state management. Alongside these estates, small-scale farmers grow wheat, hiring tractors and combine harvesters from specialist local contractors.
(3) Hand-tool cultivated wheat is traditional in parts of the Southern Highlands in the Iringa and Mbeya regions. The average plot is a quarter of a hectare. Growers use no input other than seeds and family labour, and they consume practically all that they harvest. Tanzania's evolving rural development programme may improve the output of small-scale wheat farming.
All areas below an 0 altitude of 1,500 m experience temperatures above 20 C for most of the possible growing period and are, therefore, not suitable for wheat. Annual precipitation in these areas may appear to be adequate, but the amounts received during the season when wheat would be grown (April to October) are small and erratic. Areas above 1,500 m are relatively cool, have more reliable precipitation and offer good prospects for rainfed wheat production.
Land with potential for wheat is delineated in seven mapping units:
Land with medium potential (P2)
P2c. Potential limited by climate. This land has no limitation except that temperatures are too warm to achieve large wheat yields.
Three fifths of this mapping unit consist of nearly level to gently undulating land with deep, brown, medium-textured soils (chromic, eutric and calcic cambisols). A quarter of the mapping unit consists of deep, dark-coloured, clayey soils with a fair amount of organic matter and a good surface structure (pellic vertisols) and brownish-coloured, clayey soils, containing little organic matter but with a medium-textured surface (chromic vertisols). These soils, together constituting some 85 percent of this mapping unit, are moderately suitable (P2c) f or wheat. The remaining 15 percent of the unit has very shallow, gravelly soils (lithosols) which have no potential (N) for wheat production.
P2h. Potential limited by hard pans. This mapping unit occupies nearly level to undulating plateaux, about four fifths of which have deep, medium-textured soils with hard lime layers at shallow depths (petrocalcic phases of calcic cambisols, eutric cambisols and eutric nitosols). The hard layers occurring in these soils restrict aeration and the penetration of plant roots. In about a third of these soils, the hard pans are fairly deep and the soils are moderately suitable (P2h) for wheat. In the remaining part, mostly where the surface is undulating, the pans occur near the surface so that any attempt to improve the land, such as by levelling or terracing, would be likely to expose tha pans; this difficulty renders the land unsuitable (N) for wheat.
The remaining fith of the mapping unit comprises deep, dark-coloured, clayey soils containing a moderate amount of organic matter (pellic vertisols); shallow., medium-textured soils with hard pans just below the plough layer (eutric planosols); shallow. dark-coloured, steep soils containing much organic matter and lime (rendzinas); and very shallow S 0 11 S (lithosols). The vertisols are moderately suitable (P2c) and the others unsuitable (N) for wheat production even with a high level of inputs.
P2e. Potential limited by erosion risks. Half this mapping unit (not counting the enclaves near Mbeya in south-west Tanzania, and Arusha in the north-east) consists of gently sloping to steeply dissected. reddish, medium-to fine-textured soils (haplic, eutric and dystric nitosols).
A fifth of the unit consists, in almost equal proportions, of brownish, medium-textured soils (eutric and calcic cambisols) and black to greyish-brown volcanic ash soils (humic and ochric andosols). Two fifths of all these have a small risk of soil


text:
"..They're shiny, eye-catching and hold a great tune.
And a leading academic has described the process involved in producing his state-of-the-art guitars as "the next industrial revolution".
Olaf Diegelmade – a professor based at Massey University's School of Engineering and Advanced Technology – has produced a series of prototypes of 3D-printed electric guitars.
Also known as additive manufacturing, 3D printing is the process of making three-dimensional solid objects from a digital file using a printer that deposits layers of plastic or metal powder – with each layer fused by a precision laser beam.
"The whole purpose is customisation and trying to avoid waste," Diegelmade said.
"It's the next big thing in manufacturing, because you can create to order and modify the design to suit specific individual requirements -
- whether it's for a new set of teeth, a door handle or a piece of jewellery.
"It's the next industrial revolution and it's going to completely change the way we do things…"
go to source/story>>>


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About the Australian Student Christian Movement
The Australian Student Christian Movement (ASCM) is an ecumenical movement of tertiary students, university faculty and senior friends with a history in Australia dating back over a hundred years. It is an affiliate movement of the World Student Christian Federation (WSCF), an international federation of over 100 national movements spanning six WSCF regions: Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europe, Latin America and Caribbean, Middle East and North America.
In 2004 the General Assembly of WSCF affirmed the following statement as the guiding vision of the federation:
The WSCF is a global community of Student Christian Movements committed to dialogue, ecumenism, social justice and peace. Its mission is to "empower students in critical thinking and constructive transformation of our world by being a space for prayer and celebration, theological reflection, study and analysis of social and cultural processes and solidarity and action across boundaries of culture, gender and ethnicity."


Using Rope As A Library
If you need other features, send a feature request. Have a look at contributing.txt.
Table of Contents
Quick Start
This section will help you get started as soon as possible.
Making A Project
The first thing you should do is to make a project:
import rope.base.project
myproject = rope.base.project.Project('/path/to/myproject')
It's good to know that:
 - A project is a folder in the file-system.
 - It can contain anything.
 - Rope searches for python modules and packages inside a project when needed.
 - Refactorings only change files and folders inside the project that has been passed to them.
 - Out of project modules that are imported from a module inside a project are handled but never changed by refactorings.
 - Rope makes a rope folder inside projects. By default the name of this folder is .ropeproject but that can be changed using the constructor's ropefolder parameter (passing None will prevent rope from making this folder).
 - Rope uses .ropeproject folder for things like saving object information and loading project configurations.
 - Project preferences can be configured by passing options to the constructor or in .ropeproject/config.py. See the default config.py, rope.base.default_config module, for more information.
 - All configurations that are available in the config.py file can be specified as keyword parameters to Project constructor. These parameters override the ones in the config.py file.
 - Each project has a set of ignored resource patterns; You can use it to tell rope to ignore files and folders matching certain patterns.
 - The .ropeproject folder can be safely copied in other clones of a project if you don't want to lose your objectdb and history.
Library Utilities
The rope.base.libutils module provides tools for making using rope as a library easier. We'll talk more about this module later.
What Are These Resources?
In rope, files and folders in a project are accessed through rope.base.resources.Resource objects. It has two subclasses File and Folder. What we care about is that refactorings and Changes (we'll talk about them later) use resources.
In order to create a Resource for a path in a project we have two options. The first approach uses the Project object (use Project.get_resource() method). I prefer to describe the second approach since it needs less to know.
We can use libutils module. It has a function named path_to_resource(). It takes a project and a path:
from rope.base import libutils
myresource = libutils.path_to_resource(myproject, '/path/to/resource')
But this is only half of the answer. Consider we have a resource. How can we know anything about it? The answer is to use its path and real_path fields. Resource.real_path is the absolute path of the resource in the file-system. Resource.path field contains the address of a resource relative to project root (the same format as needed by Project.get_resource()).
Performing Refactorings
There are examples at the end of this document. But as another example we'll extract a variable in a file. First we need the Resource object that points to a file in a project:
resource = libutils.path_to_resource(myproject, '/path/to/my/module.py')
So we can make our Refactoring class:
from rope.refactor.extract import ExtractVariable
extractor = ExtractVariable(myproject, resource, start, end)
Where start and end are the offsets of the region to extract in resource. Be careful when calculating the offsets. Dos line-endings and multi-byte characters are considered to be only one character. This is actually easier for IDEs, since most GUI libraries do that when calculating offsets.
Next, IDE's usually pop up a dialog for letting the user configure refactoring options like the name of the extracted variable.
After that, we can calculate the changes:
changes = extractor.get_changes('extracted_variable')
changes holds the changes this refactoring makes. Calculating it might be time consuming; See rope.base.taskhandle.TaskHandle section for measuring its progress or interrupting it.
Previewing And Performing Changes
As mentioned in the last section each refactoring returns a rope.base.change.Change object. Now how can we know what it contains and how to perform it?
Previewing:
str(changes) returns a short description of the changes. You can use changes.get_description() to get a preview; it is useful when you don't care much about the format. Otherwise you can use the changes object directly. See the documentation in rope.base.change module.
Performing:
The easiest way for performing the refactoring is to use Project.do() method:
myproject.do(changes)
If you want to perform the changes yourself, you have two options. Note that the main reason for performing the changes manually is handling version control systems that are not supported by rope.
The first approach is to use rope.base.fscommands. See Writing A FileSystemCommands section. The changes can be performed as before using Project.do().
The other is to perform the changes manually based on the returned changes object (again see the documentation in rope.base.change module). If this approach is used you cannot undo the refactoring using project.history.undo().
Updating Open Buffers In IDEs:
Usually editors need to reload the files changed by rope. You can use Change.get_changed_resources() to get the list of resources that need to be reloaded.
Validating The Project
When using rope as a library, you probably change the files in it in parallel (for example in IDEs). To force rope to invalidate cached information about resources that have been removed or changed outside rope you should call Project.validate() method. You can pass a resource to this method. For example:
myproject.validate()
validates all files and directories in the project. So call this function every time you want use rope (before performing refactorings, for instance).
Activating Static Object Analysis
One of the greatest strengths of rope is its static object analysis, SOA. You can perform SOA on a module using PyCore.analyze_module() method but performing SOA on a module is not cheap. So I decided that the best time for performing SOA is when saving files and only performing it on changed scopes.
But since rope is not notified about the changes the IDE performs, you should tell rope about the change. You can do so by using rope.base.libutils.report_change(). That is, whenever you want to change a module you can do something like:
# Do the actual writing
old_contents = read(path)
write(path, new_content)
# Inform rope about the change
libutils.report_change(myproject, path, old_contents)
Where read and write stand for methods used for reading and writing files.
Closing The Project
Project.close() closes project open resources. Always call this function when you don't need a project anymore:
myproject.close()
rope.base.project.Project
You can create a project by:
project = Project(root_address)
Where the root_address is the root folder of your project.
A project has some useful fields. Project.address is the address of the root folder of a project. Project.root is a Folder object that points to that folder.
Project.get_resource()
You can use this method for getting a resource (that is file or folder) inside a project. Uses '/'''s for separating directories. For instance ''project.get_resource('my_folder/my_file.txt') returns a rope.base.resources.File object that points to ${projectroot}/my_folder/my_file.txt file.
Note that this method assumes the resource exists. If it does not exist you can use Project.get_file() and Project.get_folder() methods.
Project.do()
For committing changes returned by refactorings.
Project.history
A rope.base.history.History object. You can use its undo and redo methods for undoing or redoing changes. Note that you can use it only if you have committed your changes using rope.
Project.validate()
When using rope as a library you probably change the files in that project in parallel (for example in IDEs). To force rope to invalidate cached information about resources that have been removed or changed outside rope you should call Project.validate. You should pass a resource to this method. For example:
project.validate(project.root)
validates all files and directories in the project.
Project.close()
Closes project open resources. Always call this function when you don't need a project anymore. Currently it closes the files used for storing object information and project history. Since some parts of these files are


text:
What are the negative effects of collagen in the ankle and how does it affect healing?What does a baroreceptor detect? Select one: O A. oxygen O B. pressure 0 C. pH OD. water content
The post What Are The Negative Effects Of Collagen In The Ankle And How Does It Affect Healing first appeared on homeworkcrew.
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Access Docket Searches At Oklahoma Supreme Court Network's
Oklahoma has usually one of the largest and leading initiatives in nation that provides court docket detail and information on internet. It is striving or determined to complete the tracking system of statewide case and then make the detail within the system that is available on real time source through internet. The cost of the service is basically borne or bear by judicial system, however there is no amount to user for getting the court information or detail from Oklahoma.
Step By Step:
- First of all, it is important to visit the website by using the accessibility of internet.
- Open the browser and enter the address of website _URL_.
- Click on the link "search dockets" that is placed at the right side of the web page.
- The next page will be displayed.
- Select the database from drop down list and then enter the case number.
- Click on the button "Go".
- In the next section, enter your first and last name.
- Enter the required number in the field "identifying number".
- Fill out the requirement in the fields "born on or after date" and then "born before date".
- After that choose the type of party and then case type.
- In the next section, enter the case filed date and then case close date.
- Click on the button "GO".
- You can search docket by lower court case number also.
- In this way, you will select the type of case, year and number and then click on the button "GO".
- You can also search it by giving the traffic citation number and then click on the button "GO" to view the results.
Oklahoma Supreme Court provides an opportunity to view the information of your case online by using its official website. Here, you can retrieve the information and detail through the system. In this way, you should know the number of your case that you would like to view. The number of your case should be inserted in the specific format that is used by the Supreme Court in which your case is pending. Each court number and docket is listed in the website with the appropriate case type and sample of case number from each court.


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About this Worksheet:
Week 12 Reading Comprehension (C-12). A short passage about human impact on plants and animals. Cross-Curricular Focus: Life Science. This worksheet is in line with Common Core Standards for 3rd and 4th grade Key Ideas and Details, but may also be used for other grades. The passage's Lexile Level is 820.


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The 3D-bolt in ADINA
In the constructions of many structures, bolts are used to hold structural parts together, and there can be many bolts in a model of a structure. It is important to be able to model the bolts and their interactions with the parts of the structure effectively.
Some difficulties in modeling bolts are that each bolt has to carry a prescribed tension or shortening after its application, and the tightening of bolts is to be carried out in a given sequence in order to ensure an overall acceptable structural behavior.
Since there can be many bolts in the structure, the modeling needs to be effective.
In this News we briefly highlight the 3D-bolt option in ADINA. As shown in Figure 1, the program also offers the beam-bolt option but the accuracy of modeling a bolt is clearly higher when using the 3D-bolt feature.
The supported bolt-type loadings are:
In both of these cases, the deformations of the rest of the structure are considered — meaning that after a bolt loading has been applied, the axial force in the bolt, or the reduction in length, has the given value and acts upon the rest of the structure, causing structural deformations.
Using ADINA, of course, any number of bolts can be included in the model. The bolts can all be loaded simultaneously, or the bolts can be loaded sequentially.
To introduce a 3D-bolt in the model, a 3D element group is designated as a 3D-bolt. The direction of the bolt is defined by a cutting plane, and then the geometry of the 3D-bolt is arbitrary. The bolt can be governed by small or large displacements, small or large strains, the sides and faces of the elements representing the bolt can be straight or curved, and any material model, any number of nodes per element, and contact conditions can be used. The mixed u/p formulation and the incompatible modes formulation can be employed.
Figures 2 and 3 below are given to define a simple problem in which the 3D-bolt ADINA analysis feature is used.
The two parts of the bracket are bolted together. After the parts are bolted together, the
tension in the bolt is to be 2000 N and thereafter a pressure load is applied.
In this model, the bolt and nut combination is modeled using a 3D-bolt element group, see Figure 4. The bolt element group and bracket element groups are allowed to come into contact. Some results of the analysis are given in Figures 5 and 6.
The movie at the top shows the stress vectors in the bolt and nut.
This capability of modeling bolts is a very powerful ADINA feature for structural analysis
and is quite easy to use for the various analysis options mentioned above — including general nonlinear analyses and multiphysics simulations.


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The Education Endowment Foundation (EEF) has published findings from a new evaluation report of "Family Skills", a programme that aims to improve the literacy and language of children learning English as an additional language.
A total of 115 primary schools in England took part in a randomised controlled trial of Family Skills. Over the course of one term, parents of fourand five-year-olds were offered weekly sessions with family learning tutors. The 2.5 hour sessions focused on topics like reading to children, phonics, making the most of bilingualism, learning through play and understanding primary education in England. Families were encouraged to do learning activities at home with their children, and were also given opportunities to visit a local library and take a tour of their child's school.
The evaluation, conducted by the National Centre for Social Research, found that, overall, children of parents who were offered the Family Skills intervention did not make any more progress in literacy than children of parents who were not offered it (effect size = +0.01). However, the evaluation also suggests that children whose parents actually attended Family Skills sessions made greater progress in literacy than children whose parents did not. While the evaluators are cautious about this, it may indicate some potential if ways can be found to ensure more parents attend. The key challenge the evaluation highlighted is that some schools struggled to get parents to show up – only around one-third of eligible parents attended at least one session.
Source: Family Skills: evaluation report and executive summary (May 2018), Education Endowment Foundation


text: In biochemical and immunocytochemical comparisons of adhering junctions of different epithelia, we have observed differences in molecular composition not only between the intermediate filament-attached desmosomes and the actin filaments-anchoring adherens junctions but also between desmosomes of different tissues and of different strata in the same stratified epithelium. In addition we now report cell type-specific differences of molecular composition and immunoreactivity in both desmosomes and adherens junctions of certain simple epithelia. Whereas the zonula adhaerens of human intestinal and colonic epithelial cells, and of carcinomas derived therefrom, contains the additional armadillo-type plaque protein ARVCF, this protein has not been detected in the zonula adhaerens of hepatocytes. Similarly, plakophilin 3 is present in the desmosomal plaques of intestinal and colonic cells but appears to be absent from the hepatocytic desmosomes. We suggest that these profound compositional differences in the junctions of related simple epithelia are correlated to functional differences of the specific type of epithelium.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Ten students, working for ABC News, visited nuclear reactors on 25 college campuses and found many gaping security holes at many of them, prompting a federal investigation. Here's what the team found at MIT.
Reactor Name: MIT Nuclear Reactor Laboratory
Fuel: Highly-enriched uranium, possession limit 40 kg.
Power Level: 5 MW
Began Operating: 1958
Location: In a highly populated area just off Massachusetts Avenue, the heavily traveled main artery that runs through Cambridge. The dense area includes campus buildings, pharmaceutical laboratories, shops and restaurants.
Security Obervations: Two armed guards. No metal detectors. No searches. Tour available with advance request and interview. Multiple forms of identification requested and photocopied before tour. Backpacks allowed inside the complex, though not inside the reactor building. Wallets permitted on reactor tour.
What We Found: Detailed information (including labeled diagrams and photographs of the reactor core and its full operation schedule) was easily located on the Internet. Even more information was available using campus computer terminals available to the public at the MIT library, where the Fellows found detailed floor plans of the reactor.
The Fellows scheduled a tour by e-mail and, after a brief interview with a few staff members, toured the reactor.
An ABC News producer parked a large Ryder truck next to the reactor facility and was not questioned or challenged.
University Reaction: In a written statement, Denise Brehm, senior communications officer, said given the small size of the reactor facility, it is not a likely target for terrorism.
Brehm said an independent study assessing the impact of possible terrorist acts against the reactor concluded that in all likely scenarios the core of the reactor would not be breached and radiation would not be released. According to Brehm, the study also determined that a large truck bomb within even a few feet of the reactor building would not breach the containment of the reactor's core. The core is fully enclosed in a radiation-shielded structure consisting of several feet of concrete and other materials, which itself is housed within the containment building, "all of which would impossible to breach at one time," Brehm said.
Tours are by appointment only and names, addresses and identification are run through a security review prior to the tour, Brehm said, adding that visitors are not allowed to bring bags or cameras into the reactor building, but must leave them in the administrative offices.
"MIT moved its reactor floor plans and exterior diagrams from its Web site following the 9/11 terrorist attacks," according to Brehm. Posting of the operating schedule does not pose a security threat because it does not indicate "when MIT is conducting sensitive operations, such as a refueling."
"Fresh fuel is not stored in the facility and is never present in large enough quantities to create a nuclear weapon," Brehm said.
Additional Comment: The federal official responsible for security at the nation's campus reactors told ABC News that he was not happy to see the wide availability of detailed information on the Internet. "That's something I'd want us to pursue, and we will," said Roy Zimmerman, director of the Office of Nuclear Security and Incident Response for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.


text:
Donald Rare Earth and Mineral Sands Project is one of the world's largest undeveloped heavy mineral sands resources.
Energy Fuels, an American company specializing in the production of uranium, rare earth elements (REEs), and vanadium, has entered into a non-binding memorandum of understanding with Australian Astron Corporation to co-develop the Donald Rare Earth and Mineral Sands Project in the Southeastern Australian State of Victoria. Astron is a company involved in mineral sand processing and selling zirconium and titanium-related products.
According to Astron (PDF), the Donald Project is 3rd largest rare earth resource, excluding China, and is the largest global zircon resource. The companies estimate the project to yield 7,000 to 14,000 metric tons of REE concentrate per year and expect commissioning and ramp-up to begin in 2026. The concentrate is planned to be exported to the U.S. for processing into REE oxides and other advanced REE materials and recovery of the contained uranium in Energy Fuels' refining facility in Utah.
Building a U.S.-Centric REE Supply Chain
Energy Fuels aims to create a fully-fledged U.S.-centric REE supply chain for which it seeks new feedstock sources globally. In 2022, the company made headlines, announcing to mine REEs in the Brazilian state of Bahia, and completed the acquisition of the project in early 2023.
Already in 2021, Energy Fuels and Canadian Neo Performance successfully linked Europe and the United States when the first shipment of REE carbonate was transported from the Utah mill to Neo's separation facility in Estonia. The beginning of full-scale operations was said to take two to three years. The feedstock for the Utah plant could originate from Australia or Brazil in the future, reducing supply dependencies on market leader China.


text:
Ideal Carbon Utilisation (ICU)
This is Elin Ossiansson's PhD project. Elin is an industrial PhD student working for Sweden Water Research, VA SYD and Chalmers University of Technology.
PHD PROJECT In municipal wastewater treatment, easily available carbon is needed as energy source for bacteria that remove nutrient from the water. At many wastewater treatment plants, ethanol or methanol is added to the wastewater in order to enhance nitrogen removal, but this is expensive and has a high climate impact. As opposed to chemical addition, utilisation of the already existing carbon in the wastewater requires degradation (hydrolysis) of particulate carbon to enable uptake by bacteria. If the nutrient removal is to obtain enough carbon source. The carbon that cannot be used in the biological nutrient removal will we oxidised, which requires oxygen and thereby energy.
Wastewater contains enough carbon to make treatment plant net producers of energy. The particulate carbon can be removed prior to biological treatment, and used for biogas production. This is energy efficient because it both reduces the energy requirement in the biological treatment, and increases biogas production. However, the carbon that remains in the wastewater needs to be sufficient for the biological nutrient removal.
In the project Ideal Carbon Utilisation (ICU), we study a novel pre-treatment with the potential to optimise the carbon utilisation for both nutrient removal and biogas production. A pilot plant with wastewater filtration and hydrolysis of the filter sludge has been operating for two years at Källby wastewater treatment plant in Lund.
Supervisor: Frank Persson, Chalmers University of Technology
Co-supervisors: Michael Cimbritz, Lund University Faculty of Engineering, David Gustavsson och Simon Bengtsson, VA SYD


text:
The Doctors Blackwell: How Two Pioneering Sisters Brought Medicine to Women and Women to Medicine
National Archives Museum
View on YouTube
In the mid-19th century, it was an unheard of notion for a woman to study medicine, but in 1849, Elizabeth Blackwell became the first woman in America to receive an M.D. She was soon joined by her younger sister, Emily, and together, the Blackwells founded the New York Infirmary for Indigent Women and Children, the first hospital staffed entirely by women. In The Doctors Blackwell, Janice P. Nimura presents the story of these pioneering sisters and how they exploded the limits of possibility for women in medicine.
All events listed in the calendar are free unless noted.


text:
The Meaning and Measure of Vertical Resolution in Optical Surface Topography Measurement
AbstractVertical resolution is the most widely quoted and most frequently misunderstood performance specification for equipment that measures surface topography. Here I propose to use internationally standardized terms and definitions for measurement noise and surface topography repeatability as more meaningful quantifiers for measurement performance. A specific example is an interference microscope operating with a 100 Hz, 1 k × 1 k pixel camera, and a sinusoidal phase modulation to convert intensity data to a height map. The measurement noise is found experimentally to be 0.072 nm for a 1 s data acquisition using a surface topography repeatability test, which determines the random height-equivalent noise level for an individual pixel in the areal surface topography map. Under ideal conditions, the measured noise is equivalent to the instrument noise that may be published in a performance specification in place of the more common, but poorly defined, vertical resolution specification. View Full-Text
Share & Cite This Article
de Groot, P.J. The Meaning and Measure of Vertical Resolution in Optical Surface Topography Measurement. Appl. Sci. 2017, 7, 54.
de Groot PJ. The Meaning and Measure of Vertical Resolution in Optical Surface Topography Measurement. Applied Sciences. 2017; 7(1):_URL_ Style
de Groot, Peter J. 2017. "The Meaning and Measure of Vertical Resolution in Optical Surface Topography Measurement." Appl. Sci. 7, no. 1: 54.
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.


Recursos
Nós e recursos
Up to this tutorial, we focused on the Node class in Godot as that's the one you use to code behavior and most of the engine's features rely on it. There is another datatype that is just as important: Resource.
Nodes give you functionality: they draw sprites, 3D models, simulate physics, arrange user interfaces, etc. Resources are data containers. They don't do anything on their own: instead, nodes use the data contained in resources.
Anything Godot saves or loads from disk is a resource. Be it a scene (a .tscn or an .scn file), an image, a script… Here are some Resource examples: Texture, Script, Mesh, Animation, AudioStream, Font, Translation.
When the engine loads a resource from disk, it only loads it once. If a copy of that resource is already in memory, trying to load the resource again will return the same copy every time. As resources only contain data, there is no need to duplicate them.
Every object, be it a Node or a Resource, can export properties. There are many types of Properties, like String, integer, Vector2, etc., and any of these types can become a resource. This means that both nodes and resources can contain resources as properties:
../../_images/nodes_resources.png
Externo vs embutido
There are two ways to save resources. They can be:
 1. External to a scene, saved on the disk as individual files.
 2. Built-in, saved inside the .tscn or the .scn file they're attached to.
Para ser mais específico, aqui está uma Textura em um nó Sprite:
../../_images/spriteprop.png
Clicking the resource preview allows us to view and edit the resource's properties.
../../_images/resourcerobi.png
The path property tells us where the resource comes from. In this case, it comes from a PNG image called robi.png. When the resource comes from a file like this, it is an external resource. If you erase the path or this path is empty, it becomes a built-in resource.
The switch between built-in and external resources happens when you save the scene. In the example above, if you erase the path "res://robi.png" and save, Godot will save the image inside the .tscn scene file.
Nota
Even if you save a built-in resource, when you instance a scene multiple times, the engine will only load one copy of it.
Carregando recursos a partir do código
Existem duas maneiras de carregar recursos por código. Primeiro, você pode usar a função load() a qualquer momento:
func _ready():
 var res = load("res://robi.png") # Godot loads the Resource when it reads the line.
 get_node("sprite").texture = res
public override void _Ready()
{
 var texture = (Texture)GD.Load("res://robi.png"); // Godot loads the Resource when it reads the line.
 var sprite = (Sprite)GetNode("sprite");
 sprite.Texture = texture;
}
Você pode também precarregar recursos. Diferente de load, essa função vai ler o arquivo do disco e carregá-lo ao compilar. Como resultado, você não pode chamar preload com um caminho variável: você preciso usar uma string constante.
func _ready():
 var res = preload("res://robi.png") # Godot loads the resource at compile-time
 get_node("sprite").texture = res
// 'preload()' is unavailable in C Sharp.
Carregando cenas
Scenes are also resources, but there is a catch. Scenes saved to disk are resources of type PackedScene. The scene is packed inside a resource.
To get an instance of the scene, you have to use the PackedScene.instance() method.
func _on_shoot():
 var bullet = preload("res://bullet.tscn").instance()
 add_child(bullet)
private PackedScene _bulletScene = (PackedScene)GD.Load("res://bullet.tscn");
public void OnShoot()
{
 Node bullet = _bulletScene.Instance();
 AddChild(bullet);
}
This method creates the nodes in the scene's hierarchy, configures them, and returns the root node of the scene. You can then add it as a child of any other node.
The approach has several advantages. As the PackedScene.instance() function is fast, you can create new enemies, bullets, effects, etc. without having to load them again from disk each time. Remember that, as always, images, meshes, etc. are all shared between the scene instances.
Liberando recursos
When a Resource is no longer in use, it will automatically free itself. Since, in most cases, Resources are contained in Nodes, when you free a node, the engine frees all the resources it owns as well if no other node uses them.
Creating your own resources
Como qualquer Objeto em Godot, os usuários também podem criar scripts em Recursos. Scripts de recursos herdam a capacidade de traduzir livremente entre propriedades de objetos e texto serializado ou dados binários (/.tres, /.res). Eles também herdam o gerenciamento de memória de contagem de referência do tipo de referência.
Isto apresenta várias vantagens distintas sobre estruturas de dados alternativas como JSON, CSV ou arquivos TXT customizados. Os usuários só podem importar estes assets como um Dictionary (JSON) ou como um File. O que diferencia os recursos são suas características de herança de Object, Reference e Resource:
 - Eles podem definir constantes, portanto, constantes de outros campos ou objetos de dados não são necessárias.
 - Eles podem definir métodos, incluindo métodos setter / getter para propriedades. Isso permite abstração e encapsulamento dos dados subjacentes. Se a estrutura do script Resource precisar ser alterada, o jogo usando o recurso também não precisará ser alterado.
 - They can define signals, so Resources can trigger responses to changes in the data they manage.
 - Eles definiram propriedades, portanto, os usuários sabem 100% que seus dados existirão.
 - A serialização automática e desserialização do recurso é um recurso interno do Godot Engine. Os usuários não precisam implementar a lógica personalizada para importar / exportar os dados de um arquivo de recurso.
 - Os recursos podem até serializar os sub-recursos recursivamente, o que significa que os usuários podem criar estruturas de dados ainda mais sofisticadas.
 - Os usuários podem salvar recursos como arquivos de texto amigáveis ao controle de versões (*. Tres). Ao exportar um jogo, Godot serializa os arquivos de recursos como arquivos binários (*. Res) para maior velocidade e compactação.
 - O Inspetor do Godot Engine processa e edita arquivos de recursos prontos para uso. Dessa forma, os usuários geralmente não precisam implementar lógica personalizada para visualizar ou editar seus dados. Para fazer isso, clique duas vezes no arquivo de recursos na estação FileSystem ou clique no ícone da pasta no Inspetor e abra o arquivo na caixa de diálogo.
 - Eles podem estender ** outros ** tipos de recursos além do recurso base.
Aviso
Resources and Dictionaries are both passed by reference, but only Resources are reference-counted. This means that if a Dictionary is passed between objects and the first object is deleted, all other objects' references to the Dictionary will be invalidated. Conversely, Resources will not be freed from memory until all the objects are deleted.
extends Node
class MyObject:


text:
Care, maintenance and cleaning for your countertop in Jacksonville FL
Simple care and maintenance will keep it looking beautiful for decades. Here are some recommendations for routine care and cleaning:
- Do dust the surfaces frequently.
- Do clean surfaces with mild detergent or stone soap.
- Do thoroughly rinse and dry the surface after washing.
- Do blot up spills immediately.
- Don't use cleaners that contain ammonia such as bathroom cleaners or tub & tile cleaners.
- Don't use abrasive cleaners such as dry powdered Comet, Ajax.
- Don't use bleach or cleaners that contain bleach.
Bath & Other Wet Areas:
In the bath or other wet areas, soap scum can be minimized by using a squeegee after each use.
To remove soap scum, use a non-acidic soap scum remover.
Do not use a product that contains lemon, orange, citrus, vinegar, or other acids on the countertop.
The high acid content can dull the finish of the countertop.
Do not use abrasive scouring powders or liquids; these products contain abrasive chemicals or ammonia that may damage the surface. If required use a non-abrasive cleaning product and a Scotch-Brite Blue "No scratch pad."
Do not hesitate to apply the necessary hand pressure needed to rub out any marks.
Avoid contact with harsh chemicals such as bleach, paint strippers, oven cleaners or drain cleaners (Draino, Liquid Plumber, etc)


Science project
Measuring The Wind
This project encourages the student to look for correlations between wind speed, temperature, and time of day in order to come up with an explanation about the origin of wind.
The goal is to have the student use the scientific method to reach a conclusion about the relationship between wind speed, temperature and time of day.
What is the relationship between temperature, time of day, and the wind?
 - Materials to construct the anemometer (five Dixie cups, two straws, a pin, scissors, a paper punch, a stapler), a thermometer, pencil and paper, and a calculator.
 - Materials can be found at home (or a Wal-Mart-type store)
 1. Measure the wind speed everyday in a location that is often windy for three weeks. Make the measurement in the morning, at mid-day, and at dusk.
 2. Record the temperature each time you make a measurement.
 3. Calculate the average wind speed and temperature for each time of day you made the measurement.
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NJMR NJMR - 4 months ago 23
C++ Question
One Definition Rule - Multiple definition of inline functions
I was reading ODR and as the rule says
"In the entire program, an object or non-inline function cannot have more than one definition"
and I tried the following...
file1.cpp
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
inline int func1(void){ return 5; }
inline int func2(void){ return 6; }
inline int func3(void){ return 7; }
int sum(void);
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
cout << func1() << endl;
cout << func2() << endl;
cout << func3() << endl;
cout << sum() << endl;
return 0;
}
file2.cpp
inline int func1(void) { return 5; }
inline int func2(void) { return 6; }
inline int func3(void) { return 7; }
int sum(void) { return func1() + func2() + func3(); }
It worked as the rule says. I can have multiple definition of inline functions.
 - What is the difference between non-inline function linkage and inline function linkage?
 - How the linker differentiate between these two?
Answer
Making a function inline does two things (the second point is more relevant to your question):
 1. It is a suggestion by the programmer to the compiler, to make calls to this function fast, possibly by doing inline expansion. Roughly, inline expansion is similar to treating the inline function like a macro, expanding each call to it, by the code of its body. This is a suggestion - the compiler may not (and sometimes cannot) perform various optimizations like that.
 2. It specifies the scope of the function to be that of a translation unit. So, if an inline function appears in foo.cpp (either because it was written in it, or because it #includes a header in which it was written, in which case the preprocessor basically makes it so). Now you compile foo.cpp, and possibly also some other bar.cpp which also contains an inline function with the same signature (possibly the exact same one; probably due to both #includeing the same header). When the linker links the two object files, it will not be considered a violation of the ODR, as the inline directive made each copy of the file local to its translation unit (the object file created by compiling it, effectively). This is not a suggestion, it is binding.
It is not coincidental that these two things go together. The most common case is for an inline function to appear in a header #included by several source files, probably because the programmer wanted to request fast inline expansion. This requires the translation-unit locality rule, though, so that linker errors shouldn't arise.


text:
Skinny Piggies Best Appetite Suppresent Gummies are Treats You won't Feel Guilty About
Do you like eating tasty food but also would like to slim down? Burning fat is about creating a negative caloric balance which will almost certainly make you hungry constantly.
Fortunately, there's now a product that can change that: Skinny Piggies. What is this and how will it help? First, let's understand what fat loss is.
How Does Weight Loss Work?
Before we talk about what Skinny Piggies best appetite suppresent gummies are, let's understand what is required for weight loss to happen.
If you want to melt fat from your body, you need three things:
- 1) A caloric deficit, that means you burn more calories than you eat
- 2) Good nutrition to make sure you burn only fat and not your muscles
- 3) A plan that is enjoyable, so that you can stick with it for a long period of time.
Sad to say, a large number of weight loss plans skip on one or more of these items. To really see really good success with your regimen, it's essential that you consume fewer calories than you burn off daily. You can do this in one of two ways: increase your energy output through added exercise or lower your food consumption. Doing both is best!
Wait a second! This sounds good, but start cutting calories and sweets cravings will set in, as well as hunger that is hard to ignore. And that's where Skinny Piggies can really help! Skinny Piggies are fun, delightful healthy treats you don't need to feel guilty about! Enjoy the tasty taste of these best appetite suppresent gummies
and let them do their magic.
Ok, exactly what are the gummies doing for you?
- 1) Help in reducing your desire for food
- 2) Help put your body into fat loss mode
How does it work?
The Concept Behind Skinny Piggies
Appetite is primarily controlled by 2 things: caloric intake and the stretch in your stomach. When you eat a meal, your stomach becomes full and the food stretches against the stomach walls. This creates the sensation of being full and you stop eating.
When you ingest a Skinny Piggy 30 minutes preceding your lunch with a big glass of water, it will form a gel, activating stretch receptors in the stomach, letting your brain know you just consumed a lot of food. So that when you eat your meal later, you're already partly full and consume less calories because of it.
It means you can fight appetite and food cravings, hunger, and keep your calories down, all without feeling hungry all the time.
When you eat the Skinny Piggies appetite reducing gummies prior to meals, they will coat your food in a gel, which decreases the release of the carbohydrates you ingest into the blood. This manages to keep your blood sugar levels much more steady and makes sure that your body remains in fat loss mode all day long. It may maybe even help make your gym sessions feel much easier.
What's Different about Skinny Piggies?
The choices for appetite suppressants, diet pills, and fat burners are never ending! The online research to find the optimal one for you could quite possibly take several hours. But, you don't need to look any further because Skinny Piggies are certainly your best choice and here's why:
Skinny Piggies have zero artificial additives - you can actually read and pronounce all the active ingredients. The nourishing, all natural ingredients used in Skinny Piggies also have extra health-related benefits including support for strong hair and nails, glowing skin, and anti-aging properties.
Aside from that, Skinny Piggies contain no stimulants. This is a crucial point because when you consume stimulants, not only are you risking struggling with exhaustion and tiredness afterwards, but it restricts when you can take them. Take a stimulant fat burner too close to bed and sure enough, you won't sleep that night.
With Skinny Piggies, you can eat them day or night-- no problem.
Finally, what other fat loss product is as delicious as a strawberry gummy? 'Thought so.
You will love eating these so remembering to take your health supplement will definitely no longer be a hindrance. They're fun to eat and anyone can begin right off the bat. Try one and they will certainly become a highlight of your day.
So don't think of losing weight as a chore anymore. Instead, give Skinny Piggies weight loss gummies a try and learn how fun and delicious weight loss can be. Put them to the test for 30 days and only then decide if you like them knowing you're protected by 100% money back guarantee. Go to SkinnyPiggies.co
Additional Information about Best Appetite Suppresent Gummies
How Best Appetite Suppresent Gummies work


text:
- Add the Split Join shape to your process:
- In the navigation pane of Dev Studio, click Case types, and then click the case type that you want to open.
- In the Case life cycle section, in the process in which you want to add the Split Join shape, click Configure process.
- On the toolbar, click Open process.
- On the Diagram tab, click the Flow Shapes icon, and then select.
- Connect the Split Join shape by dragging connector end
points to connection points on different shapes in the process.Connectors that work correctly are green.
- Open the dialog box by double-clicking the Split Join shape.
- Optional: To provide a unique name for the shape, in the Split Join dialog box, in the Split Join field, enter a new name.
- In the Join list, define when the parent process resumes
Choices Actions Resume processing after all subprocesses are complete Select All. Resume processing after any of the subprocesses is complete Select Any.
After any of the subprocesses are complete, processing of the remaining subprocesses stops and the system cancels open assignments.
Resume processing after a when condition returns a true value
- Select Some.
- In the Exit iteration list, select On when.
- In the When field, enter a when condition that resumes processing after evaluating to true.
Resume processing after a specified number of subprocesses reach a certain status
- Select Some.
- In the Exit iteration list, select On count.
- In the Number of paths field, enter an integer that
determines how many subprocesses need to reach a certain status to resume
Note: Enter an integer that is lower or equal to the number of subprocesses in your process.
- In the Resulting with flow status field, enter a
status that subprocesses need to reach to resume processing.
For example: Enter Resolved-Completed.
- Optional: To provide a link to the Split Join shape step in the breadcrumb trail navigation,
select the Enable navigation link check box, and then configure
additional navigation options:
- To enable users to return to the step after the case moves forward, select the Only allow navigating back to this step check box.
- To enable post-processing or validation when users navigate back from the Split Join shape step by using the breadcrumb trail, select the Perform post-processing when navigating away from step check box.
- Open the subprocess configuration by expanding the Specify a flow rule for this subprocess section.
- In the Name field, enter a clear description of the subprocess.
- On the Subprocess tab, configure the context of the
Choices Actions The subprocess works on a current case Select On current page. The subprocess works on a specific case
- Select On specific work item.
- In the Work property field, enter a property reference in the current work item that identifies the key of the subprocess work item.
- In the Class field, enter the class of the subprocess work item.
- Optional: To specify a clipboard page that holds the subprocess work item, in the
Page name, enter the clipboard page name.
If the case is open as a page on the clipboard, you can leave the Work property field blank.
If the case does not already have a page and you do not provide a page name, your application creates a page named
pyNextObj_1, and so on.
The subprocess works on an embedded page
- Select On embedded page.
- In the Page property field, enter a reference to the property of mode Page, Page List, or Page Group that holds the embedded page.
- In the Class field, enter the class of the embedded page.
- In the Filter by flow field, select the subprocess
- To start a subprocess that consists of a series of actions to complete, select Process flow.
- To start a subprocess that consists of a series of forms to complete, select Screen flow.
- In the Flow rule field, press the Down arrow key, and then select the name of a subprocess to run.
- Optional: Specify what information about the subprocess you want to include in the application
- To link an application to the subprocess, in the Application field, enter the name of the application.
- To provide a diagram of the subprocess in a documentation section that describes a specific case type, in the Case/Supporting type field, enter the name of the case type.
- To provide implementation requirements of the subprocess, in the Specification field, enter the specification that holds the requirements.
- Optional: To display a message in the audit trial of the subprocess, in the Audit note field, enter a rule that stores the audit note that you want to include.
- Configure the second subprocess by repeating steps 6 through 10.
- Optional: To add more subprocesses, click Add a flow, and then repeat steps 6 through 10.
- Click Submit.
- Click Save.


Animals respond to distress calls even when they come from another species.
Written by Kimberly Walls
Did you know that animals respond to distress calls even when they come from another species? Biologists at the University of Winnipeg noticed that many infant mammals have similar distress calls, so they decided to play the recorded cries from a variety of species to wild female Canadian mule deer via hidden speakers and observe the animals' reactions. The mother deer quickly investigated the distress calls, including those that came from seals, dogs, cats, and even humans. It's been shown that infant distress calls share common elements across a range of mammals—some separated by more than 90 million years of evolution—and animals of different species understand and even respond to these cries.
Here are a few examples of animal heroes who can help teach us the meaning of compassion:
Dolphins Save a Dog Trapped in a Canal
Dolphins
After a dog fell into a canal in Florida, a pod of dolphins arrived to help. The dolphins made loud splashing noises for 15 hours until a curious neighbor investigated the source of the noise. What she found was a group of dolphins swimming around the exhausted dog. Thanks to the dolphins' persistence, the neighbor was able to jump in and rescue the dog.
More
9 thoughts on "Animal's distress calls
 1. Dionysus Amber says:
 Reblogged this on Orca Freedom Fighters.
 Like
 2. I absolutely love this! May I reblog this?
 Like
 1. Ronnie says:
 It's a pleasure. Feel free to use anything on this blog.
 Liked by 1 person
 3. Reblogged this on WritersDream9 and commented:
 As you know, I love animals so am rebloging this beautiful article. Please refer all likes and comments to ronnie-s.com/2014/11/22/animals-distress-calls/
 Like
 4. Sometimes animals are better than humans. Thanks for sharing this!
 Liked by 1 person
 1. Ronnie says:
 There are many ways that animals are better than humans I think. It is not animals that are destroying the planet either.
 Liked by 1 person
 1. Yo'u're very right!
 Liked by 1 person
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text:
How radio waves create the current in antenna in terms of photons? If it is Compton scattering then why is not changed the freuency of photons?
An elementary explanation, at high school level:
The beam of radio wave photons are coherent, as Vladimir said. Coherent means that the electric and magnetic field of each individual photon has a fixed phase with all the others.
When the wave reaches an antenna, some of the photons are absorbed, pushing the electrons to a slightly higher energy level (energy h*nu) in the conduction band. Thus it is not scattering but absorption that generates the current with the frequency of the incoming beam.
It is coherence that, as the photon is absorbed, pushes or repulses the electrons in step, so that a current that has the frequency of the impinging beam is built up.
No, it is not a Compton scattering - the electrons in antenna are not really free.
A radio wave is a flux of coherent photons, they act together, not one by one.
Any EMW makes charges move but bound charges may make a work, so the incident wave may be partially absorbed.
Besides, a low-frequency Compton scattering is quite the same as the classical EMW scattering. So the "scattered" part of the resulting wave is nearly of the same frequency.
|show 7 more comments|
The beam of radio waves with coherent photons may be produced only by MASER. Without that photons do not have correlated phases, e.g. famous 21 cm hydrogen line in radio-astronomy is not consist from coherent photons. For radio waves, produced by usual transmitters situation even "worst" - here there is hardly even to suggest a strict justification to find photons with frequency related with frequency of transmitter. I do not have exact calculations, but to understand the reason of the problem it is enough to recall, that radio-transmitter may emit waves of different shapes and simply described by classical physics, but photon is emitted due to quantum transition between some energy levels and it is very different process. After all, photon by definition is described via time dependent function like $exp(-i\omega t)$ and we may not emit "triangle" photons instead of "sinusoidal" one using transmitter with electric current with tricky time dependance.


_USER_ lv2:. _USER_ owl:. _USER_ rdf:. _USER_ rdfs:. _USER_ rsz:. _USER_ xsd:. a lv2:Specification ; rdfs:seeAlso, ; lv2:documentation """
This extension defines a feature, rsz:resize, which allows plugins to dynamically resize their output port buffers.
In addition to the dynamic feature, there are properties which describe the space required for a particular port buffer which can be used statically in data files.
""". rsz:resize a lv2:Feature ; lv2:documentation """
A feature to resize output port buffers in LV2_Plugin_Descriptor::run().
To support this feature, the host must pass an LV2_Feature to the plugin's instantiate method with URI LV2_RESIZE_PORT__resize and a pointer to a LV2_Resize_Port_Resize structure. This structure provides a resize_port function which plugins may use to resize output port buffers as necessary.
""". rsz:asLargeAs a rdf:Property, owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain lv2:Port ; rdfs:range lv2:Symbol ; rdfs:label "as large as" ; lv2:documentation """
Indicates that a port requires at least as much buffer space as the port with the given symbol on the same plugin instance. This may be used for any ports, but is generally most useful to indicate an output port must be at least as large as some input port (because it will copy from it). If a port is asLargeAs several ports, it is asLargeAs the largest such port (not the sum of those ports' sizes).
The host guarantees that whenever an ObjectPort's run method is called, any output O that is obj:asLargeAs an input I is connected to a buffer large enough to copy I, or NULL if the port is lv2:connectionOptional.
""". rsz:minimumSize a rdf:Property, owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain lv2:Port ; rdfs:range xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; rdfs:label "minimum size" ; rdfs:comment """ Indicates that a port requires a buffer at least this large, in bytes. Any host that supports the resize-port feature MUST connect any port with a minimumSize specified to a buffer at least as large as the value given for this property. Any host, especially those that do NOT support dynamic port resizing, SHOULD do so or reduced functionality may result. """.


text:
Posted: Saturday, October 25, 2014. 1:58 pm CST.
Saturday, October 25, 2014. AARON HUMES Reporting: The National Meteorological Service predicts a cool and wet weekend, as on the heels of Tropical Depression Nine which crossed Belize Thursday night from the Yucatan Peninsula.
There is a cold front which is scheduled to arrive this weekend.
According to Chief Meteorologist Dennis Gonguez, at this time of the year storms behave erratically as the guiding currents are not in place, which explains the unusual west-to-east track TD 9 took.
But while T.D. 9 has been reduced to a disorganized area of thunderstorms and showers, it could regenerate as it reaches the warm waters of the western Caribbean in front of Belize and joins on to the tail end of the cold front.
An easterly flow will direct the mass toward Belize, possibly bringing rain.
According to Gonguez weather conditions will start to see some improvement as the weekend progresses but a change is expected early in the new week.
TD Nine has already dumped 2 and a half inches of rain across Northern Belize during its passage.
As for the forecast for tropical weather for the last few days of October and November, activity will center in the northwest Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico but there are typically few storms due to the passage of cold fronts from the north.
There are two notable exceptions: a 1942 hurricane that is to date the only storm to strike Belize in November, and Hurricane Hattie, a Category 5 hurricane which struck on Halloween night October 31, 1961 and flattened Belize City, killing a few hundred people and forcing the relocation of the capital to Belmopan.
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text:
Hydrodynamic retarders, are used to support the braking system in commercial vehicles as a wear free hydrodynamic brake. The reduction in vehicle speed is activated by the transfer of movement energy of the crankshaft into thermal energy of the hydraulic oil. Once heated, hydraulic oil then flows through an oil cooler. This part of the retarder feeds thermal energy via a coolant to the vehicle's main cooling circuit. As a part which is relevant to the systems function, the oil cooler is flanged directly to the retarder and must withstand both extreme temperature and pressure loads. A fault in the retarder cooling system will cause this hydrodynamic brake to overheat quickly and fail.
Oil cooler for hydrodynamic retarder
Within the hydrodynamic retarder an oil cooler cools down the hydraulic oil.


text:
What do hieroglyphic writing, astronomy, and calendar systems have in common? First, they were all developed by one of the most advanced civilizations in Central America, the Mayans. We have the perfect template itinerary for you in Belize to explore the San Ignacio Mayan ruins. Let's explore how much we can see of San Ignacio in 6 Days.
Whether you are a cultured traveler, an adventure enthusiast, or a family seeking a get-away where everyone will learn and experience something new.
Exploring San Ignacio
If you're a history buff, love archeology, or have a penchant for ancient people, you'll love this prosperous dive into history. This template itinerary covers a tour of Belize's San Ignacio Mayan ruins. The San Ignacio Mayan ruins are massive and magnificent. You will find an extensive network of caves, pyramids, and temples with stone carvings. On your six-day holiday, you'll visit different ruins and immerse yourself in the lives these ancient people led.
Afterward, hire a guide from the friendly local population and walk on foot. You will be tracing the footsteps of the land's ancient denizens. Find excavation spots rich with age-old sculptures, utensils, tools, and items. Go tubing into the dark, visit exciting caves weaving in and around ruins, and experience the heart of the Earth like the Mayans must have all those millennia ago.
There are buffer days in between for you to use at your discretion. Explore other smaller San Ignacio Mayan ruins or the town. You can also pamper yourself at your resort. The choice is yours. The local architecture, the tropical zoo with unique local animals, and quaint restaurants with delicious aromas wafting out of them are all very inviting.
Using our itinerary to start your planning fast
Check out the hot itinerary below from Travel-Wise that outlines a low-complexity trip to San Ignacio in Belize, which is right smack in the center of many ancient Mayan ruins that are awe-inspiring. The cave tours where the ancient Mayans would commit holy sacrifices. The caves themselves feel otherworldly and alien almost. Given that San Ignacio is the hub, the entire stay will center around it, with daily excursions to local ruins or caves. This itinerary is unique and something you will not see or experience in other parts of the world.


text:
After several decades of research on how (and if) animals perceive colour, and the threshold at which animals can detect differences between colours, we still know little about how animals process highly contrasting colours. Second, how these colours interact in complex patterns that provide signaling or camouflage mechanisms is poorly understood. Given the ecology and evolutionary importance of animal colour patterns, and the ubiquity of colour patterns in nature, we are hoping to fill these knowledge gaps.
We are using Picasso Triggerfish in behavioural experiments to understand how visual models work when colours go beyond the discrimination thresholds.
We are also using anemonefish (clownfish) to understand the role of different visual pigments and photoreceptor cells that supports vision across a wider spectrum of light such as the ultraviolet region, an area outside of our own visible spectrum. How clownfish use ultraviolet vision on the reef is also a topic we intend to explore.


text:
|First appearance||"A Taste of Freedom" (4ACV05)|
On Freedom Day, anyone is more or less allowed to do anything in order to express freedom. This includes nudity as well as ignoring and hurting others without the fear of facing the consequences. The line of acceptance was tested in 3002 when Dr. John Zoidberg ate and thus desecrated the Earthican flag in order to express his freedom. After being sentenced to death, he was helped by the Decapodians, leading to Earth declaring war against Decapod 10, a war that would give Freedom Day a whole new meaning.
The traditional Freedom Day chant is "Freedom, freedom, freedom, oy! Freedom, freedom, freedom, oy!" while performing a sort of Hopak dance.
The Earthican president generally gives a speech on the day.
- In the United States, there is an actual National Freedom Day on the 1st of February. However, it is celebrated differently than the 4th of July.


text:
Title: Young carers
Date: Around 1890
Images like this horrified many Nineteenth Century observers, who were only just beginning to realise the extent of child poverty. At this time there was very little state provision for the poor, and no'safety net' to ensure everyone a minimum standard of welfare. The Waifs and Strays' Society was one of the first organisations to try and alleviate child poverty on a national scale.
Rights: © The Children's Society


Provided by: x11-xkb-utils_7.7+4_amd64 bug
NAME
 xkbcomp - compile XKB keyboard description
SYNOPSIS
 xkbcomp [option] source [ destination ]
DESCRIPTION
 The xkbcomp keymap compiler converts a description of an XKB keymap into one of several
 output formats. The most common use for xkbcomp is to create a compiled keymap file
 (.xkm extension) which can be read directly by XKB-capable X servers or utilities. The
 keymap compiler can also produce C header files or XKB source files. The C header files
 produced by xkbcomp can be included by X servers or utilities that need a built-in default
 keymap. The XKB source files produced by xkbcomp are fully resolved and can be used to
 verify that the files which typically make up an XKB keymap are merged correctly or to
 create a single file which contains a complete description of the keymap.
 The source may specify an X display, or an .xkb or .xkm file; unless explicitly
 specified, the format of destination depends on the format of the source. Compiling a
 .xkb (keymap source) file generates a .xkm (compiled keymap file) by default. If the
 source is a .xkm file or an X display, xkbcomp generates a keymap source file by default.
 If the destination is an X display, the keymap for the display is updated with the
 compiled keymap.
 The name of the destination is usually computed from the name of the source, with the
 extension replaced as appropriate. When compiling a single map from a file which contains
 several maps, xkbcomp constructs the destination file name by appending an appropriate
 extension to the name of the map to be used.
OPTIONS
 -a Show all keyboard information, reporting implicit or derived information as a
 comment. Only affects .xkb format output.
 -C Produce a C header file as output (.h extension).
 -dflts Compute defaults for any missing components, such as key names.
 -em1 msg
 Print msg before printing first error message.
 -emp msg
 Print msg at the start of each message line.
 -eml msg
 If there were any errors, print msg before exiting.
 -help, -?
 Show available options.
 -Idir Specifies top-level directories to be searched for files included by the keymap
 description. After all directories specified by -I options have been searched,
 the current directory and finally, the default xkb directory /usr/share/X11/xkb
 will be searched.
 To prevent the current and default directories from being searched, use the -I
 option alone (i.e. without a directory), before any -I options that specify the
 directories you do want searched.
 -i deviceid
 If source or destination is a valid X display, load the keymap from/into the
 device with the specified ID (not name).
 -l List maps that specify the map pattern in any files listed on the command line
 (not implemented yet).
 -m name Specifies a map to be compiled from an file with multiple entries.
 -merge Merge the compiled information with the map from the server (not implemented yet).
 -o name Specifies a name for the generated output file. The default is the name of the
 source file with an appropriate extension for the output format.
 -opt parts
 Specifies a list of optional parts. Compilation errors in any optional parts are
 not fatal. Parts may consist of any combination of the letters c, g,k,s,t which
 specify the compatibility map, geometry, keycodes, symbols and types,
 respectively.
 -Rdir Specifies the root directory for relative path names.
 -synch Force synchronization for X requests.
 -version
 Print version number.
 -w lvl Controls the reporting of warnings during compilation. A warning level of 0
 disables all warnings; a warning level of 10 enables them all.
 -xkb Generate a source description of the keyboard as output (.xkb extension).
 -xkm Generate a compiled keymap file as output (.xkm extension).
SEE ALSO
 X(7)
COPYRIGHT
 Copyright 1994, Silicon Graphics Computer Systems and X Consortium, Inc.
 See X(7) for a full statement of rights and permissions.
AUTHOR
 Erik Fortune, Silicon Graphics


text:
Papahanaumokuakea: Hawaii's new UNESCO site a marine wonderland
Published 4:00 am, Friday, August 6, 2010
What if they created a national monument that nobody visited? Or designated a World Heritage Site that most of the world will never see?
In the case of Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, which recently became the first UNESCO World Heritage Site to be designated in the United States in the last 15 years, that would suit the vast majority of the inhabitants: thousands of threatened and endangered sea birds, monk seals, sharks, reef fish, delicate corals and endemic plants. Encompassing the islands and atolls of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands — stretching some 1,200 miles northwest of Kaua'i — and the surrounding ocean, the monument also includes important Native Hawaiian archaeological sites. Created by President George W. Bush at the end of his last term, Papahānaumokuākea (click here for the pronunciation) takes its name from two central figures in Hawaiian cosmology: Papahānaumoku (an earth mother, or "Papa who gives birth to the islands") and Wākea (the sky father.)
The United Nations agency recognized the area for both its natural and cultural significance, the first such "mixed" site honored in the United States, and one of only 26 worldwide. It's the largest conservation area in the United States, at 140,000 square miles, and it's the second World Heritage Site for Hawai'i; Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park received its designation for its natural wonders in 1987.
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But while Volcanoes on the Big Island is one of the most popular attractions in the state, by federal mandate only a maximum of 50 visitors a day are allowed to overnight on Midway Atoll, the only place possible to do so in Papahānaumokuākea. The former military base is also closed to visitors August through October, for environmental and logistical reasons.
When Midway is open, a handful of organized tour groups, including San Francisco-based Oceanic Society, offer overnight trips, most with a wildlife focus, while Military Historical Tours leads an annual day trip for the commemoration of 1942's epic Battle of Midway. Yet the high cost of chartered air service may deter many interested travelers: Weeklong excursions can cost $5,000 to $6,000, depending on the provider, while participating in the one-day military tour cost nearly $1,200 this year.
Still, there are other ways to experience the wonders of the region without causing undue harm to its fragile ecosystem or your finances:
1. The Mokupāpapa Discovery Center may be on the Hawaiian Island farthest from the northwestern archipelago, but it brings visitors the closest in understanding the environmental and human treasures of Papahānaumokuākea. Opened in downtown Hilo in 2003, the center's permanent exhibits include a 2,500-gallon saltwater aquarium hosting some of the remote region's fish; a giant coral reef mural with life-size pop-out figures such as sharks, manta rays and tuna; a pile of marine debris — one of the biggest threats to coral, turtles and other sea life; and a room filled with the sounds and shadows of sea birds, which breed in vast numbers on the islets. One of the newer exhibitions, "Lost on a Reef," displays items retrieved from the many shipwrecks on Kure Atoll — the westernmost point in the chain — over the years. Admission to the center, open 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Tuesday-Saturday, is free.
2. Through Oct. 15, 2010, you can see a renowned underwater photographer's images from the new World Heritage Site at the Contemporary Museum at First Hawaiian Center in downtown Honolulu. "Papahānaumokuākea: Recent Photographs by Wayne Levin" includes 40 of his black and white and color pictures, shot above and below the water, during a monthly expedition with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; a coffee table book of the striking photos is slated for 2011. Admission to the museum, open 8:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. Monday-Thursday and till 6 p.m. Friday, is free.
3. Wait until next year, and the Waikiki Aquarium should have opened its new Northwestern Hawaiian Islands exhibit. The aquarium is currently growing coral from fragments collected in 2009 off the archipelago's French Frigate Shoals and Maro Reef. The exhibit will include species of coral not normally found in the main Hawaiian islands, such as the massive table coral Acropora cytherea, as well as unusual reef fish in a 5,100-gallon reef display. Nonresident admission is $9 for adults, $4 ages 13 to 17 and $2 for ages 5 to 12 (younger free.)
4. If you've got the time to volunteer — a 12-week commitment is requested — the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service accepts two to three volunteers at a time for habitat restoration and marine debris removal. Round-trip airfare to Midway from Honolulu is provided, along with room and board while on the atoll. Click here for details.
5. You can also learn more about the creatures and cultural legacy of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands through images and text. San Francisco photographers David Liittschwager and Susan Middleton's "Archipelago: Portraits of Life in the World's Most Remote Island Sanctuary" (National Geographic, 2005) contains more than 300 intriguing images, with a compelling argument for increased conservation. In early 2010, the Papahānaumokuākea Website added educational videos; a special photo gallery also highlights the features that earned it the World Heritage Site designation on July 30.
And don't forget the online photo gallery with this column, culled from the marine preserve and the NOAA's extensive collection. While it would do tremendous damage to the largely uninhabited isles if everyone who wanted to could visit, the scientists, researchers and ocean photographers lucky enough to spend time there have captured an array of spectacular images that can make you feel as if you've been there, too.


text: Flywheels with composite rotors are being developed as energy storage devices to replace conventional chemical batteries in satellites and other space systems, and are currently being used in terrestrial systems. The main advantages of composite flywheel systems are their ability to provide high instantaneous power and a capacity for large energy storage over many charge/discharge cycles. Currently, an industry working group is in the process of developing a standard that can be used to certify a composite rotor for safe and reliable operation in space. To assist in the development of such a standard, a review of state-of-the-art composite rotor technologies has been conducted. The goal of the review was to provide a clear picture of composite flywheel rotor technologies, and identify areas that require further development. Technical areas covered in the review were: rotor design approaches; composite analysis methods; composite materials' static strength, fatigue, creep, and stress rupture data; spin test and other test methods; nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods; in-service health monitoring techniques; and fracture control requirements. This paper summarizes the review and provides recommended research and development topics that are needed to fill the technology gap.


Car Audio Fuses || What size fuse should I use?
Car Audio Fuses || What size fuse should I use?
There's no understating the importance of fuses in your car audio setup. Installing the correct size of fuse is just as important as having one in the first place, so let's go over some fuse basics, and then we'll explain how to choose the correct size for your car audio installation.

What are Fuses For?
Fuses are added to your car's electrical system as a safeguard to help prevent damage to your audio equipment, the rest of your vehicle, yourself, and your passengers. The fuse is a crucial piece of safety equipment that is necessary to have, especially when you're running wires all the way from the battery under your hood to the amplifier in your trunk.

There are so many variables to installing car audio equipment, including different levels of power, different gauges of wire, different sizes of alternators and batteries, and the audio equipment itself. Between all the things, there is not a lot of room for error.

When a fuse encounters more current trying to pass through it than it can support, the fuse will blow, and the circuit will be broken. This break in the circuit cuts off the flow of electricity and protects everything on the other side of the fuse.
<insert a pic of an amp here or fuse or other electrical components>

Your amplifier probably already has its own fuses, but they are only designed to look after your amplifier. If you don't have a fuse, and your battery starts to drain its entire charge into the wires that travel throughout your vehicle and causes them to reach extreme temperatures, you're going to have a very bad time, and that's why you need a fuse at your battery.
Choose Wisely: How Big of a Fuse to Use
In order to determine the correct size of fuse to install at your battery, look at the equipment that's running off the main wire coming from your battery for your audio system. How many amplifiers do you have, and how many amperes are they rated for?

For example: If you have three amplifiers that draw 60 amperes, 40 amperes, and 30 amperes each, then you need a 130 Ampere fuse.

If your total draw is somewhere in-between two sizes of fuses, you can go with one or the other. Going with the lower ampere fuse makes it more likely that you'll blow the fuse accidently, even under a safe amount of current. Choosing the larger fuse offers you less protection. With that in mind, you do have 5 amperes of leeway.

The correct size of fuse to use in your car is the size that allows the maximum current to pass through that your audio equipment is rated to handle. If you use a fuse that is too large, then too much electricity will get through it. If you use a fuse that is too small, the circuit will break long before any of your gear is at risk, and your audio performance will be greatly hindered.

If you have replaced a fuse and it blows again, it can be frustrating. But it's a good thing because this lets you know that something is wrong. And, a few new fuses are a lot less expensive than dealing with an electrical fire or having to replace your entire audio system.
<a pic here of under the hood, battery shot or something similar would be appropriate>
Where Does the Fuse Go?
You need to install your fuse holder very close to your car's battery for maximum effectiveness and safety. Leaving too much distance increases the exposure to dangerous wiring in the event of a short circuit. The rule of thumb is to place the fuse holder around a foot or a foot and a half away from your battery at the most, but less distance is ideal.

The fuse holder attaches to the positive post on your car's battery. If you have a second battery in your trunk, add a second fuse next to it.
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text:
Legend has it that ice tea was first introduced during the St. Louis World's Fair in 1904 because of an unusual heat wave that summer.
As the global trend of ice tea consumption gathers steam (it used to be a purely American phenomenon with 75% of all ice tea consumed in the US), more questions emerge regarding whether the benefits of regular tea consumption translate to drinking ice tea.
As it turns out, not all methods of making ice tea are created equal and the flavonoids content may vary widely. Most research points to freshly brewed hot tea as the best way to get the full range of benefits from the polyphenols contained in various teas.
The way to preserve most of the benefits of hot tea in your cold beverage is to chill it in the refrigerator. What does have a negative impact on the polyphenol content in ice tea is, ironically, the addition of ice. The latter causes the polyphenols to form an insoluble substance, which significantly reduces its bioavailability.
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text:
Central African Republic
Practice Relating to Rule 15. The Principle of Precautions in Attack
Section D. Information required for deciding upon precautions in attack
The Central African Republic's Instructor's Manual (1999) states in Volume 3 (Instruction for non-commissioned officers studying for the level 1 and 2 certificates and for future officers of the criminal police):
To accomplish his mission a military commander needs appropriate intelligence on the enemy and the environment.
To be able to comply with the law of war, intelligence must comprise the following information:
- concentrations of civilian persons;
- the civilian environment;
- types of built-up areas (towns, villages, shelters, etc.);
- the presence and type of major civilian objects, in particular specially protected objects;
- the natural environment.
Also in Volume 3, the manual states: "Military commanders must inform themselves about concentrations of civilians, important civilian objects and specially protected facilities, the natural environment and the civilian environment of military objectives."