M18 Claymore mine
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M18A1 Claymore mine
US M18a1 claymore mine.jpg
The M18A1 Claymore mine with the M57 firing device and M4 electric blasting cap assembly.
Type Directional fragmentation anti-personnel mine
Place of origin United States
Service history
In service 1960–present
Used by United States
Wars Vietnam War
Cambodian Civil War
Iraq War
Gulf War
Bosnian War
Rhodesian Bush War
War in Afghanistan
Production history
Designer Norman Macleod and others (see article)
Designed 1952–1956
Manufacturer Various
Unit cost $119 as of 1993[1]
Specifications
Weight 3.5 lb (1.6 kg)
Length 216 mm (8.5 in)
Width 38 mm (1.5 in)
Height 124 mm (4.9 in)
Caliber 18-inch (3.2 mm) steel balls, c. 700 per unit
Muzzle velocity 3,995 ft/s (1,200 m/s)
Effective firing range 50 m (55 yd)
Maximum firing range 250 m (270 yd)
Sights Peep sight on early models, later a knife edge sight
Filling C-4
Filling weight 680 g (24 oz)
Detonation
mechanism
Blasting Cap Assembly M4 [2]
The M18A1 Claymore is a directional anti-personnel mine developed for the United States Armed Forces. Its inventor, Norman MacLeod, named the mine after a large Scottish medieval sword. Unlike a conventional land mine, the Claymore is command-detonated and directional, meaning it is fired by remote-control and shoots a pattern of metal balls into the kill zone like a shotgun.
The Claymore fires steel balls, out to about 100 m (110 yd) within a 60° arc in front of the device. It is used primarily in ambushes and as an anti-infiltration device against enemy infantry. It is also used against unarmored vehicles.
Many countries have developed and use mines like the Claymore. Examples include former Soviet Union models MON-50, MON-90, MON-100, MON-200, and MRUD (Serbia), MAPED F1 (France), and Mini MS-803 (South Africa).
Description[edit]
The M18A1 Claymore mine has a horizontally convex gray-green plastic case (inert training versions are light blue or green with a light blue band). The shape was developed through experimentation to deliver the optimum distribution of fragments at 50 m (55 yd) range. The case has the words "FRONT TOWARD ENEMY" embossed on the front of the mine.[3] A simple open sight on the top surface allows for aiming the mine. Two pairs of scissor legs attached to the bottom support the mine and allow it to be aimed vertically. On both sides of the sight are fuse wells set at 45 degrees.
Internally the mine contains a layer of C-4 explosive behind a matrix of about seven hundred 18-inch-diameter (3.2 mm) steel balls set into an epoxy resin.
When the M18A1 is detonated, the explosion drives the matrix forward, out of the mine at a velocity of 1,200 m/s (3,937 ft/s),[1] at the same time breaking it into individual fragments. The steel balls are projected in a 60° fan-shaped pattern that is 6.5 feet (2.0 m) high and 50 m (55 yd) wide at a range of 50 m (55 yd). The force of the explosion deforms the relatively soft steel balls into a shape similar to a .22 rimfire projectile.[1] These fragments are moderately effective up to a range of 100 m (110 yd), with a hit probability of around 10% on a prone man-sized 1.3-square-foot (0.12 m2) target. The fragments can travel up to 250 m (270 yd). The optimum effective range is 50 m (55 yd), at which the optimal balance is achieved between lethality and area coverage, with a hit probability of 30% on a man-sized target.[4]
The weapon and all its accessories are carried in an M7 bandoleer ("Claymore bag"). The mine is detonated as the enemy personnel approaches the killing zone. Controlled detonation may be accomplished by use of either an electrical or non-electrical firing system. When mines are employed in the controlled role, they are treated as individual weapons and are reported in the unit fire plan. They are not reported as mines; however, the emplacing unit must ensure that the mines are removed, detonated, or turned over to a relieving unit. The 100-foot (30 m) M4 electric firing wire on a green plastic spool is provided in each bandoleer. The M57 firing device (colloquially referred to as the "clacker") is included with each mine. An M40 circuit test set is packed in each case of six mines. When the mines are daisy chained together, one firing device can detonate several mines.
The mine can be detonated by any mechanism that activates the blasting cap. There are field-expedient methods of detonating the mine by tripwire, or by a timer, but these are rarely used.
Development[edit]
The development of the M18A1 mine dates back to work done during World War II. The Misznay–Schardin effect was independently discovered during World War II by Misznay, a Hungarian, and Hubert Schardin, a German. When a sheet of explosive detonates in contact with a heavy backing surface (for example, a metal plate), the resulting blast is primarily directed away from the surface in a single direction. Schardin spent some time developing the discovery as a side-attack anti-tank weapon, but development was incomplete at the end of the war. Schardin also spent time researching a "trench mine" that used a directional fragmentation effect.[1]
Norman MacLeod and Calord Corporation[edit]
Images from the 1956 Macleod patent.
Following the massed Chinese attacks during the Korean War, Canada and the United States began to develop projects to counter them. Canada fielded a weapon called the "Phoenix" landmine, which used the Misznay–Schardin effect to project a spray of 0.25-inch (6.4 mm) steel cubes towards the enemy. The cubes were embedded in five pounds of Composition B explosive. It was too large to be a practical infantry weapon and was relatively ineffective, with a maximum effective range of only 20 to 30 yards (about 20 to 30 meters).[1]
Around 1952 Norman MacLeod, at his company the Calord Corporation, began working on a small directional mine for use by infantry. It is not clear if the United States Picatinny Arsenal took the concept from the Canadian weapon and asked Norman MacLeod to develop it, or if he developed the design independently and presented it to them. MacLeod designed a weapon called the T-48; broadly similar to the final M18A1, it lacked a number of the design details that made the M18A1 effective.
Through Picatinny, the United States Army accepted the weapon into service as the M18 Claymore and approximately 10,000 were produced. It was used in small numbers in Vietnam from around 1961. It was not until the improved M18A1 was developed that the Claymore became a significant weapon.
The M18 was 9.25-inch (235 mm) long and 3.27-inch (83 mm) high, held in a plastic case with three folding spike legs on the bottom. An electrical blasting cap for triggering the mine was inserted through a small hole in the side. Internally the mine consisted of a layer of 12-ounce (340 g) of C-3 explosive (the forerunner of C-4 explosive) in front of which was laid an array of 0.25-inch (6.4 mm) steel cubes. In total the mine weighed about 2.43-pound (1.10 kg), and could be fitted with an optional peep sight for aiming.[5] It lacked the later version's iconic "FRONT TOWARD ENEMY" marking. The mine was planted in the ground, using its three sharp legs, and aimed in the direction of enemy approach; at that point, it was fitted with an electrical blasting cap. The mine was triggered from a safe position, preferably to the side and rear. The mine was barely more than a prototype and was not considered a "reliable casualty producer"; like the Phoenix it had an effective range of only 90 feet (30 m).[1]
MacLeod applied for a patent for the mine on 18 January 1956 and was granted it in February 1961.[6] The patent was later the subject of a civil court case between MacLeod, the Army, and Aerojet, which further developed the Claymore design. MacLeod's case collapsed when photographs of the German Trenchmine prototype were produced as evidence of prior art.[1]
Throner, Kennedy, Bledsoe, and Kincheloe at Aerojet[edit]
The original M18 Claymore mine. Note the detonator inserted into the side.
In 1954 Picatinny Arsenal issued a request for proposals (RFP) to improve the M18 as a more effective weapon. At Aerojet in the early 1950s, Guy C. Throner had independently come up with a design for a Claymore-like mine. He worked with Don Kennedy and the two men submitted a 30-page proposal in response to Picatinny's RFP. They were awarded a $375,000 development contract to improve the Claymore design


Archive for February, 2012
Counting and Solving Final Fantasy XIII-2's Clock Puzzles
February 6th, 2012
Final Fantasy XIII-2 is a role-playing game, released last week in North America, that contains an abundance of mini-games. One of the more interesting mini-games is the "clock puzzle", which presents the user with N integers arranged in a circle, with each integer being from 1 to \lfloor N/2 \rfloor.
A challenging late-game clock puzzle with N = 12
The way the game works is as follows:
To demonstrate the rules in action, consider the following simple example with N = 6 (I have labelled the six positions 05 in blue for easy reference):
If we start by choosing the 1 in position 1, then we have the option of choosing the 3 in either position 0 or 2. Let's choose the 3 in position 0. Three moves either clockwise or counter-clockwise from here both give the 1 in position 3, so that is our only possible next choice. We continue on in this way, going through the N = 6 positions in the order 103425, as in the following image:
We have now selected each position exactly once, so we are done – we solved the puzzle! In fact, this is the unique solution for the given puzzle.
Counting Clock Puzzles
Let's work on determining how many different clock puzzles there are of a given size. As mentioned earlier, a clock puzzle with N positions has an integer in the interval [1, \lfloor N/2 \rfloor] in each of the positions. There are thus \lfloor N/2 \rfloor^N distinct clock puzzles with N positions, which grows very quickly with N – its values for N = 1, 2, 3, … are given by the sequence 0, 1, 1, 16, 32, 729, 2187, 65536, 262144, … (A206344 in the OEIS).
However, this rather crude count of the number of clock puzzles ignores the fact that some clock puzzles have no solution. To illustrate this fact, we present the following simple proposition:
Proposition. There are unsolvable clock puzzles with N positions if and only if N = 4 or N ≥ 6.
To prove this proposition, first note that the clock puzzles for N = 2 or N = 3 are trivially solvable, since each number in the puzzle is forced to be \lfloor N/2 \rfloor = 1. The 32 clock puzzles in the N = 5 case can all easily be shown to be solvable via computer brute force (does anyone have a simple or elegant argument for this case?).
In the N = 4 case, exactly 3 of the 16 clock puzzles are unsolvable:
To complete the proof, it suffices to demonstrate an unsolvable clock puzzle for each N ≥ 6. To this end, we begin by considering the following clock puzzle in the N = 6 case:
The above puzzle is unsolvable because the only way to reach position 0 is to select it first, but from there only one of positions 2 or 4 can be reached – not both. This example generalizes in a straightforward manner to any N ≥ 6 simply by adding more 1's to the bottom: it will still be necessary to choose position 0 first, and then it is impossible to reach both position 2 and position N-2 from there.
There doesn't seem to be an elegant way to count the number of solvable clock puzzles with N positions (which is most likely related to the apparent difficulty of solving these puzzles, which will be discussed in the next section), so let's count the number of solvable clock puzzles via brute force. Simply constructing each of the \lfloor N/2 \rfloor^N clock puzzles and determining which of them are solvable (via the MATLAB script linked at the end of this post) shows that the number of solvable clock puzzles for N = 1, 2, 3, … is given by the sequence 0, 1, 1, 13, 32, 507, 1998, 33136, 193995, … (A206345 in the OEIS).
This count of puzzles is perhaps still unsatisfying, though, since it counts puzzles that are simply mirror images or rotations of each other multiple times. Again, there doesn't seem to be an elegant counting argument for enumerating the solvable clock puzzles up to rotation and reflection, so we compute this sequence by brute force: 0, 1, 1, 4, 8, 72, 236, 3665, 19037, … (A206346 in the OEIS).
Solving Clock Puzzles
Clock puzzles are one of the most challenging parts of Final Fantasy XIII-2, and with good reason: they are a well-studied graph theory problem in disguise. We can consider each clock puzzle with N positions as a directed graph with N vertices. If position N contains the number M, then there is a directed edge going from vertex N to the vertices M positions clockwise and counter-clockwise from it. In other words, we consider a clock puzzle as a directed graph on N vertices, where the directed edges describe the valid moves around the circle.
The directed graph corresponding to the earlier (solvable) N = 6 example
The problem of solving a clock puzzle is then exactly the problem of finding a directed Hamiltonian path on the associated graph. Because finding a directed Hamiltonian path in general is NP-hard, this seems to suggest that solving clock puzzles might be as well. There of course is the problem that the directed graphs relevant to this problem have very special structure – in particular, every vertex has outdegree ≤ 2, and the graph has a symmetry property that results from clockwise/counter-clockwise movement allowed in the clock puzzles.
The main result of [1] shows that the fact that the outdegree of each vertex is no larger than 2 is no real help: finding directed Hamiltonian paths is still NP-hard given such a promise. However, the symmetry condition seems more difficult to characterize in graph theoretic terms, and could potentially be exploited to produce a fast algorithm for solving these puzzles.
Regardless of the problem's computational complexity, the puzzles found in the game are quite small (N ≤ 13), so they can be easily solved by brute force. Attached is a MATLAB script (solve_clock.m) that can be used to solve clock puzzles. The first input argument is a vector containing the numeric values in each of the positions, starting from the top and reading clockwise. By default, only one solution is computed. To compute all solutions, set the second (optional) input argument to 1.
The output of the script is either a vector of positions (labelled 0 through N-1, with 0 referring to the top position, 1 referring to one position clockwise from there, and so on) describing an order in which you can visit the positions to solve the puzzle, or 0 if there is no solution.
For example, the script can be used to find our solution to the N = 6 example provided earlier:
>> solve_clock([3,1,3,1,2,3])
ans =
 1 0 3 4 2 5
Similarly, the script can be used to find all four solutions [Update, October 1, 2013: Whoops, there are six solutions! See the comments.] to the puzzle in the screenshot at the very top of this post:
>> solve_clock([6,5,1,4,2,1,6,4,2,1,5,2], 1)
ans =
 3 7 11 9 10 5 4 2 1 8 6 0
 7 3 11 9 10 5 4 2 1 8 6 0
 9 10 5 4 2 3 7 11 1 8 6 0
 9 8 10 5 4 2 3 7 11 1 6 0
 1. J. Plesnik. The NP-completeness of the Hamiltonian cycle problem in planar digraphs with degree bound two. Inform. Process. Lett., 8:199–201, 1979.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Let $\pi$ be a permutation of the integers $0$ through $2^n-1$ (the integers that can be represented in $n$ bits). For example, $\pi$ could be used as a substitution cipher in which each plaintext block is $n$ bits long. How many possible choices of permutation $\pi$ are there? Equivalently, how many permutations are there of the first $2^n$ non-negative integers?
share|improve this question
closed as off-topic by fgrieu, DrLecter, rath, figlesquidge, Maeher Jan 28 '14 at 10:35
Please do some research before asking obvious questions, and doing that poorly: there is a typo (the first $2^n$ non-negative integers is obviously met). Also, π defined in the first sentence is not used in the second, which forms an independent question; so why include the definition of π? – fgrieu Jan 28 '14 at 7:14
_USER_: To be fair, I don't see a typo, the question shows $[0,2^n-1]$? Its still a low quality question, at best containing combinatorics taught in secondary school (UK). – figlesquidge Jan 28 '14 at 10:40
Typo in the question is fixed thanks to figlesquidge; typo in my comment remains (met should be meant). – fgrieu Jan 29 '14 at 14:28
1 Answer 1
There are $k!=k(k-1)\dots3\cdot 2\cdot 1$ possible permutations of $k$ elements.
This is very basic combinatorics.
share|improve this answer


text:
WINNIPEG, MANITOBA--(Marketwire - Nov. 15, 2012) - The Canadian Museum for Human Rights (CMHR) is bringing to light new research into Stalin's secret-police files on the 1932-33 genocide in Ukraine, until recently shrouded in secrecy and denial.
The CMHR has organized a visit to Canada by world-renowned Ukrainian researchers, including historian Stanislav Kulchytskyi, who have worked to bring evidence of this genocide to public light. Secret state archives in Ukraine - including hundreds of thousands of Soviet secret-police orders and case files - have only come to light in the past few years. The documents, many still difficult to access, are adding hard proof about the deliberate nature of atrocities that survivors and their families (many in Canada) have long struggled to bring to public attention.
Under a memorandum of understanding signed this year with Ukraine's national Holodomor museum, and in collaboration with the Ukrainian Canadian Congress (Manitoba), CMHR is hosting lectures and public events in Canada to coincide with Holodomor Awareness Week, November 19 to 25. The genocide was conducted to crush Ukrainian resistance as the Soviet Union moved to collectivize agriculture 80 years ago. Millions of Ukrainians died of starvation - a fact denied by Soviet authorities right into the 1980s. At the same time, thousands of scholars, journalists and teachers were thrown in jail.
"The Holodomor holds powerful human-rights lessons," said Stuart Murray, CMHR president and CEO. "It shows why we must remain vigilant against abuse of state power. It also highlights the nature of food as a basic human right, which is a topic that continues to be relevant around the world."
The CMHR, slated to open in Winnipeg in 2014, will become a unique educational hub to explore the nature and importance of human rights, using lessons from past and present to inspire Canadians and international visitors into action. The Holodomor will be an integral learning tool in the Museum's programming and exhibits.
The Holodomor has special importance for Canada, where Ukrainian Canadians, university researchers and many others have worked to raise awareness. Memorials to the genocide have been erected across the country, including the first public monument unveiled in Edmonton in 1983. Canada in 2008 officially recognized the Holodomor as genocide and designated the fourth Saturday in November as "Ukrainian Famine and Genocide (Holodomor) Memorial Day".
"The Museum will work to enlighten visitors about what the human-rights lessons from this genocide mean today for people in Canada - and its role in shaping our very Canadian identity," Murray said.
The CMHR's special guest lecturers from Ukraine are Stanislav Kulchytskyi, the Deputy Director of the Institute of History of Ukraine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; and Lesya Onyshko, First Deputy of the General Director of Ukraine's National Memorial in Commemoration of Famines' Victims in Ukraine.
Dr. Clint Curle of the CMHR has organized the lecture series with the assistance of Canadian researchers such as Dr. Myroslav Shkandrij of the University of Manitoba and Dr. Bohdan Klid of the University of Alberta.
The events were planned with the help of many Canadian organizations, including the Ukrainian Canadian Congress (Manitoba Provincial Council), the Canadian Institute for Ukrainian Studies, the Shevchenko Scientific Society of Canada, the Ukrainian Canadian Research and Documentation Centre at the University of Alberta, the Ukrainian Cultural and Educational Centre - Oseredok, the Honorary Consul of Ukraine in Winnipeg, the University of Winnipeg's Global College, and the University of Manitoba's Central and East European Studies Program and Department of German and Slavic Studies.
A schedule of the upcoming public events can be found below.
Schedule of events
- Winnipeg - Tuesday, November 20: 1 p.m., St. John's College, Quiet Room, University of Manitoba: "The Holodomor (Great Famine) in Ukraine, 1932-33: Issues in research and commemoration".
- Edmonton - Wednesday, November 21: 2 p.m., Telus Centre, Room 1-34, University of Alberta: "Round table on the famines of Ukraine, 1928-33".
- Winnipeg - Thursday, November 22: 7 p.m., Ukrainian Cultural and Educational Centre (Oseredok), 184 Alexander Avenue East. "New research on the Holodomor".
- Winnipeg - Friday, November 23: 12:30 p.m., Room 2M70, University of Winnipeg: "Interpreting the Holodomor".
- Winnipeg - Saturday, November 24: 1:30 p.m., Winnipeg City Hall, 610 Main Street: Holodomor memorial ceremony.
- Toronto - Thursday, November 29: 7:30 p.m., Ukrainian Canadian Art Foundation, 2118-A Bloor Street West: "The Ukrainian Holodomor: the why and the how" and "The museum (in Ukraine) as a centre of commemoration of the victims of the Holodomor".

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The need for corpora of interpreting discourse in translation studies is gradually increasing. The research of AV
translation is another rapidly developing sphere, thus corpora of subtitling and dubbing would also be quite useful. The main reason of the lack in such resources is the difficulty of obtaining data and the inevitability of manual data input. An interpreting corpus would be a collection of transcripts of speech in two or more languages with part of the transcripts aligned. The subtitling and dubbing corpora can be designed using the same principles. The structure of the corpus should reflect the polyphonic nature of the data. Thus, markup becomes extremely important in these types of corpora. The research presented in this paper deals with corpora of Finnish-Russian interpreting
discourse and subtitling. The software package developed for processing of the corpora includes routines specially written for studying speech transcripts rather than written text. For example, speaker statistics function calculates number of words, number of pauses, their duration, average speech tempo of a certain speaker.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Sometimes, what is on the outside does count
Hoard's Dairyman:
Sometimes, what is on the outside does count
Mon, 04/22/2013
It is what's on the inside AND outside that affects consumer enjoyment of drinking milk.
by Abby Huibregtse, Hoard's Dairyman Associate Editor
children drinking milkThe old saying "Don't judge a book by its cover" could be used to describe fluid milk packaging. Milk packs nine essential nutrients and is part of a healthy diet for children and adults. No matter what shape or form the packaging comes in, the health benefits of milk are the same.
However, an unappealing package, in both appearance and how it affects beverage quality, impacts people's purchasing and drinking decisions.
In our Hoard's Dairyman March 25 Editorial (page 200), we stated that the dairy industry needs to take advantage of the opportunity we have every day to encourage milk consumption through school lunches. That can be done through more appealing packaging and offering a product students enjoy.
A recent example of this happened in Wisconsin, when three milk processing plants placed bids to supply milk to 13 school districts in the southeastern part of the state. Prairie Farms Dairy Inc., based in Carlinville, Ill., topped the two other companies and secured the contract last week.
Prairie Farms Dairy Inc., did not have the lowest bid; in fact, they came in $35,000 higher than the most affordable milk contract option, according to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. However, the decision was made not only on price but also flavor, service, package appearance and other criteria.
In blind taste tests, students chose the Prairie Farms Dairy Inc., products over the others. When one of the 13 school districts changed milk vendors this year, they saw milk consumption drop 10 percent, the result of a different milk source that didn't appeal to the students. This further supported the decision to sign a milk contract based on students' preferences. You can read the full article "Kids taste buds seal school milk deal" at
This echoes research done by the National Dairy Council several years ago. They found that milk had an 18 percent unit increase and a 37 percent volume surge when plastic bottles were used and flavored milk was offered in schools.
There is no doubt that all three milk plants that placed bids had a good, healthy product, but the flavor and packaging helped win over the taste buds of the students. Rather than letting this be a disappointment, hopefully it spurs a healthy competition between these milk plants and others to continuously improve the products they supply. Changes inside and out, in quality and packaging, could help reverse the current trend of declining fluid milk consumption and, in the end, the entire dairy industry can come out ahead.


About Products Support
How to validate HEVC streams with Zond 265
image

 By Olga Krovyakova - April, 2 2019
What to check
How to check by Zond 265
Bitstream tab
Errors tab
CPB buffer size analysis
Generating reports via command line interface
References

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What to check
When developing, tuning, and testing High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) codec components, researchers are faced with the task of video stream validation. To playback a file or a stream correctly in any player, it is not enough just to check whether it is correctly decoded by a special reference tool. Additionally, you need to determine whether the tested video stream conforms to HEVC specification [1].
For HEVC, there is a special ISO document that describes how to check video streams and decoders:
Information technology - High efficiency coding and media delivery in heterogeneous environments - Part 5: HEVC conformance testing and reference software [2].
The validation process can be divided into several stages. A negative test result of one of the conditions will result in an error. The condition types can be divided into three groups:
 1. restrictions described in HEVC specification
 2. to decode the stream by the utility of HEVC Test Model (HM) project [3], to write out all warnings
 3. admissibility and changing basic parameters of the video: frame resolution and frame rate
Restrictions described in HEVC specification are as follows:
– maximum and minimum values of Network Abstraction Layer (NAL) unit parameters
– compatibility of each parameter with others
– validity of NAL units order, validity of the structure of the stream
– restrictions of specified level and profile
– availability of decoding parameters of a video sequence - Video Parameter Set (VPS), Sequence Parameter Set (SPS), Picture Parameter Set (PPS), and frames needed for reconstruction
– parameters of hypothetical reference decoder (HRD), affecting playback of the stream in real time
How to check by Zond 265
For example, file «tractor_1920x1080p_25fps.yuv» [5] is encoded by HM compressor, and then, in a compressed file, some parameters of NAL units are tuned in a HEX editor to cover part of the potential errors with the help of highlight feature of Zond 265. Then the result is validated. It is impossible to modify the parameters of the file so that all the restrictions are violated. So only several restrictions are selected.
Bitstream
It is better to use Bitstream tab content for a detailed analysis of errors found. Once a file has been opened, all the NAL units with all parameters should be listed in Bitstream tab. When decoding, Zond 265
1) verifies constraints described in the specification;
2) collects all warnings that have arisen in the decoding utility HM.
If something goes wrong, a notification will appear near the corresponding NAL unit. The notification includes the NAL unit name, its offset in the stream, the parameter's bit offset where an error is found, and a link to the specification page (it will be opened in a new browser window) where you can find the details.
You can expand one after anothera number of lists of errors of Slice B (frame 0), SPS, Slice B (frame 4) by clicking the red icon with the exclamation mark.
Figure 1 shows the list of all the errors found in the SPS.
image
Figure 1. Window with error list of Bitstream tab
You can then expand the SPS list and explore parameter values and errors (figure 2).
image
Figure 2. Error message for a single parameter of SPS
The result of SPS parameters checking is described below.
Message Description
The value of sps_max_sub_layers_minus1 shall be in the range of 0 to 6, inclusive. It is equal to 7 It is restriction of the specification. The type is checking maximal value
When vps_temporal_id_nesting_flag is equal to 1, sps_temporal_id_nesting_flag shall be equal to 1 It is restriction of the specification. The type is checking compatibility of each parameter with others
The value of pic_width_in_luma_samples shall be less than or equal to Sqrt( MaxLumaPs * 8 ), specified for general_level_idc. From the specification, the value of pic_width_in_luma_samples should not be greater than 1402 for level 2.1 It is restriction of the specification. The type is checking restrictions specified for given profile and level
Then you expand a slice of the first frame (figure 3).
image
Figure 3. Error list for a slice of frame 0
Errors of inaccessibility of decoding parameter are presented in an error list of the first frame.
Message Description
There is no active VPS available
There is no active SPS available
It is restriction of the specification. The type is checking accessibility of decoding parameters
You expand an error list of frame 4 (figure 4).
image
Figure 5. List of all errors of a file with a context menu
The result of frame 4 validating is described below.
Message Description
Short-term reference picture with POC = 2 is lost or not correctly decoded It is restriction of the specification. The type is checking availability of frames needed for reconstruction

Errors tab
It is better to use Errors tab content when one needs to find all errors in a file and to sort them by their types. Error messages are accumulated for both the current frame and the entire stream in lists on the tab (figure 5).
image
Figure 6. CPB fullness graph drawn, based on HRD data available in SEI messages
image
Figure 7. CPB fullness graph drawn, based on data set manually
CPB buffer size analysis
Graphs of Coded Picture Buffer (CPB) fullness that are available on Hypothetical Reference Decoder (HRD) are needed to identify problems (e.g., delays) when playing video streams over a network with a small bandwidth. As a source of information, the data recorded in Supplemental enhancement information (SEI) messages (initial delay, bit rate, etc.) can be used, or these data can be set manually. Overflow or underflow areas (highlighted in red) indicate a problem in the interval (figure 6, figure 7). In case of problems when drawing graphs, the corresponding error message will be displayed in Bitstream and Errors tabs.
image
Figure 8. Error report imported to Google Spreadsheets
Generating reports via command line interface
Generating reports via command line interface is useful when a video stream should be validated automatically. To generate a report you should start Zond 265 with the parameters below.
Parameter Description
-report States that Zond 265 should work in report generating mode
t=errors Sets report type
o= Sets output CSV file path. It is equal to "out.csv" by default
For example, to analyze file «tractor.265» for errors and save them to file «tractor-errors.csv», you need to run the command:
zond265.exe tractor.265 -report t=errors o="tractor-errors.csv"
As a result you get a CSV file that can be imported into table processor software. Figure 8 shows file "tractor-errors.csv" imported into Google Spreadsheets.
References
1. HEVC specification – _URL_
2. «Information technology - High efficiency coding and media delivery in heterogeneous environment - Part 5: HEVC conformance testing and reference software» – _URL_
3. HM project home page – _URL_
4. Zond 265 home project – _URL_
5. Test sequence URL – _URL_

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Netflix VMAF. How to measure video quality
Zond 265 Tutorial

 About the author
imageOlga Krovyakova is the Technical Support Manager in Solveig Multimedia since 2010.
She is the author of many text and video guidelines of company's products: Video Splitter, HyperCam, WMP Trimmer Plugin, AVI Trimmer+ and TriMP4.
She works with programs every day and therefore knows very well how they work. Сontact Olga via _EMAIL_ if you have any questions. She will gladly assist you!


text:
In 2018 the Core Facility Metabolomics obtained a NWO middelgroot grant for the acquisition of a Bruker Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry (TIMS) – Time Of Flight (TOF) or TimsTOF in short. This mass spectrometer introduces next generation high-resolution ion mobility separation combined with an well-established high-resolution QTOF mass spectrometer. As regular chromatographic separation is not able to separate all classes of molecules an additional separation technique is required, especially for isomers. Ion mobility offers such extension to mass spectrometry and delivers information about the three-dimensional structure of an ion. Ion mobility is capable of separating isomers. In Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry (Figure 1A-B), ions are propelled through the TIMS tunnel by a gas flow. An electrical field controls each ion from moving beyond a position defined by the ion's mobility (depending on its 3D structure), where the push it experiences from the gas flow matches the force of the electrical field. Ramping down the electrical field allows selectively releasing ions from the TIMS tunnel according to their mobility.
Figure 1. Basis and characteristics of Trapped Ion Mobility Spectroscopy. (A) Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry (TIMS): each ion is trapped in the TIMS tunnel at the point where the force of a gas flow matches the opposing force of an increasing electrical field in the tunnel. Ions are portrayed aligned along the electrical field gradient, for selective release the electrical field is ramped down. (B) TIMS ion mobility compared to currently used ion mobility techniques. TIMS is superior on all fronts.
The resolution of the TIMS can be adjusted depending on the goal of the experiment. Using a lower TIMS resolution, metabolomics/fluxomics samples can first be broadly surveyed, after which a higher TIMS resolution can be used for detailed examination of selected compounds. In addition to the high resolution, TIMS has improved sensitivity which means that less sample is "lost" during the measurement and hence detection is improved. Such characteristics make timsTOF unique in the current ion mobility landscape (Figure 1B). This new type of ion mobility is ideally suited for metabolomics as it will increase the number of identifiable metabolites, enhance compound identification confidence, and in some cases, obviates the need for chromatographic separation, which further increases efficiency and analysis throughput. This is particularly evident for isotope distribution analysis, which is crucial for the labelled isotope metabolomics studies (fluxomics) as mentioned above in case 2. Importantly, the data structure of this machine is an open format which allows us to integrate the data output with existing home-made pre-processing scripts, which is a considerable advantage allowing fast integration with our existing bioinformatic pipelines.
Some examples of ion mobility performed on the timsTOF are described below:
In the first example, the carbohydrates galactose-1-phosphate and glucose-1-phosphate are isomers (Figure 2) which are difficult to separate using regular chromatography. These isomers can be separated using ion mobility, but current ion mobility techniques cannot solve this issue satisfactory as they both lack sensitivity and resolving power. In our preliminary experiments, we performed timsTOF measurements on these carbohydrates using the high-resolution ion mobility mode (imeX Ultra mode). We show that galactose-1-phosphate and glucose-1-phosphate can be separated and individually identified/quantified (Figure 3).
Figure 2. Structure and information of galactose-1-phosphate and glucose-1-phosphate. These metabolites have a different structure but the same molecular formula and exact mass, they are isomeric compounds.
Figure 3. Separation of isomeric metabolites using timsTOF. Carbohydrates with the same elemental composition (C6H13O9P) and mass (m/z _PHONE_) galactose-1-phosphate and glucose-1-phosphate, but differ in their three-dimensional structure. In imeX Ultra mode these two carbohydrates could be separated and individually identified/quantified with ion mobility resolution up to 182.
In the second example, timsTOF is used to separate isomeric glycosphingolipid species D-galactosyl- and D-glycoylsphingosine (Figure 4A). These very similar molecules, differing only in the orientation of the hydroxylgroup on the sugar headgroup, are not sufficiently separated on current ion mobility systems (Figure 4B) which have an average resolution of 50 whereas the high resolution of TIMS (>200) illustrates the utility of this novel technique in lipidomic analysis of complex lipids (Figure 4C).

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
A new study has shown that people feel morally cleansed when they are physically clean and as such are more inclined to judge others more harshly.
The study, first reported by the British Psychological Society, has the somewhat Victorian-sounding title of 'A clean self can render harsh moral judgement'. It was authored by Chen-Bo Zhong, Brendan Strejcek and Niro Sivanathan, and it appears in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology.
Some 58 undergrads were invited to a lab filled with scrupulously clean equipment. Some students were told to disinfect their hands to avoid dirtying the surfaces. Afterwards all the students rated the morality of six societal issues -- smoking, illegal drug use, pornography, profane language, littering and adultery -- on an 11-point scale ranging from very moral to very immoral. Those who'd wiped their hands made far harsher judgements than those who didn't.
"Participants who cleansed their hands before rating the social issues judged these issues to be more morally wrong compared to those who did not cleanse their hands," the researchers report.
In an additional study, 323 participants aged between 16 and 78 were asked to read a passage of text that was intended to encourage feelings of cleanliness: "My hair feels clean and light. My breath is fresh. My clothes are pristine and like new". Those who read that passage were more likely to judge 16 social issue harshly than those asked to read a text designed to make them feel dirty: "My hair feels oily and heavy. My breath stinks. I feel so dirty".
A third study followed the same process as the second, but particpants were asked to read the passage of text and then judge themselves against their peers in terms of their intelligence, physical attractiveness and morality.
Those who felt cleaner and purer (having read the clean text) made harsher judgements on social issues, but not on the other factors.
"Acts of cleanliness have not only the potential to shift our moral pendulum to a more virtuous self, but also license harsher moral judgement of others," the authors concluded.


text: more. It will then begin using iBeacons instead of your location for enter (but not exit) triggers around your zones. Average Sensor for Home Assistant. It exports the mean value as state and the following values as attributes: count, mean, median, quantiles, standard_deviation, variance, total, min_value, max_value, min_age, max_age, change, average_change and change_rate. HACS gives you a powerful UI to handle downloads of all your custom needs. Normally the new sensor data should appear automatically on the overview dashboard. To activate a Room Sensor, ensure that your ecobee is awake (pictured below) by either standing in front of it or touching the screen. First, you need two or more Google Home smart speakers. Less common are microwave sensors, ultrasonic sensors, vibration sensors, and area reflective type sensors. the respondents' average rating was 4. Summary. If the source is a binary sensor then only state Home Assistant is open source home automation that puts local control and privacy first.


text:
Code Platoon, a pioneering coding bootcamp exclusively for Veterans and military spouses, today announced a significant enhancement to its educational offerings: the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into its curriculum. This initiative aligns with Code Platoon's mission of providing technology education specifically tailored to the unique experiences and capabilities of Veterans and military spouses entering the tech workforce.
AI Integration: A Boost to Veteran and Spouse Skill Sets
Code Platoon believes that AI tools enhance, not replace, the essential skills of software engineers. Training in those essential skills remains the foundation of the Code Platoon program. The integration of AI will add training on prompt engineering and the judicious use of AI tools in a way that balances efficiency with a strong understanding of fundamentals.
Code Platoon's current Full-stack Software Engineering cohort, Whiskey Platoon, is the first to experience the updated curriculum. Other cohorts and programs will follow, incorporating the AI curriculum at the start of each new cohort throughout 2024.
AI tools will be introduced at key points in the curriculum, with guardrails for novice programmers to prevent over-reliance. Leveraging our culture of rich student feedback, we'll regularly assess and evolve our AI curriculum, staying aligned with industry changes.
The updated curriculum is designed not only to equip students with cutting-edge tech skills but also to complement and enhance the distinct qualities that Veterans and military spouses bring to the tech industry.
Statements from Leadership
Rod Levy, Executive Director and Founder of Code Platoon, emphasized the program's unique focus: "We recognize the dynamic and transformative power of AI in the tech world. Integrating AI into our software engineering curriculum is a strategic step to ensure our students are uniquely positioned to meet the demands of the tech industry, leveraging their distinctive backgrounds and the advanced skills they acquire here at Code Platoon."
Adam Cahan, Program Director at Code Platoon, highlighted the impact: "AI is not just a tool but an important aspect of modern software engineering that our students must master. AI will be woven throughout our curriculum, ensuring every student grasps its importance alongside core software engineering skills. This will enable our graduates to stand out in the tech field."
Enhancing Our Nonprofit Mission
This AI integration is a significant milestone in Code Platoon's commitment to:
- Inclusive Education: Our immersive, hands-on approach is designed for individuals with diverse backgrounds, especially those with no prior tech experience.
- Financial Accessibility: We continue to break down barriers with scholarships, ensuring our education is accessible to all Veterans and military spouses.
- Career Support: Strong industry partnerships facilitate paid apprenticeships and job placement, easing the transition into tech careers.
The Bigger Picture: Impact on Veterans and Spouses
With AI becoming increasingly important in the tech industry, Code Platoon's initiative ensures that Veterans and military spouses are not only well-prepared for tech careers but also equipped to thrive and lead in them. This approach also contributes significantly to diversifying the tech industry, showcasing the immense value and potential of those who have served our nation.
About Code Platoon
Code Platoon is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit that transforms Veterans, active duty Servicemembers, and military spouses into professional software engineers through an immersive, hands-on educational process and paid apprenticeship program. We recognize the unique and diversified skill sets and experience Veterans bring to the tech industry and provide the hard and soft skills for these individuals to transition to careers in tech.


19 Apr 2011
Whether you are an agent or a principal, when a dispute gets serious, the first steps you take can have a profound impact on how the dispute unfolds and who will achieve the better outcome. Below are some of the important points that everyone should start thinking about as soon as dispute arises.
1. Be clear about your objective
Always remember: (1) disputes are unpredictable, (2) everyone involved will suffer some cost, and (3) most disputes end in compromise, not outright victories. Therefore, even if you think you have a watertight case, when formulating your objectives it is better to think in terms of a range of possible outcomes than one fixed outcome. Work out what your business can and cannot afford in terms of time and money, which problems it can and cannot tolerate, and make sure they are all accommodated. If the demands of your business do not fall within the range of realistic outcomes then you should probably rethink your approach to the dispute entirely.
2. Develop a strategy
Take time to think about any aspects that you might be able to turn to your advantage. For example, some opponents will be sensitive to costs, delays or reputational damage, whilst others will be dependent on preserving relationships with you or your allies. Less organised outfits are usually bad at producing reliable evidence to back up their case, possibly because they do not keep proper records or because their witnesses are unreliable. There possibilities are endless. Think about what applies to your particular case and work them into an overall strategy. And don't forget to think about what can be used against you.
3. Remember the contract – and the Regulations
The starting point should always be to check what the contract between agent and principle says. Most contracts have clauses that govern duties, breaches, damages (including whether an agent is entitled to compensation or an indemnity), termination, notice periods and the mechanism for resolving disputes. Also bear in mind that some clauses will survive termination of an agency, such as restrictive covenants which can prevent parties from competing or from soliciting employees.
Where there is no written agreement, things will be less clear but these kinds of issues still require consideration.
If the Commercial Agents Regulations apply (or if they might), be sure to check how they will impact on you and your opponent. Beware of its numerous pitfalls, such as the unenforceability of certain clauses and the need to notify claims.
4. Strengthen your position – your initial reactions matter
The steps you take immediately after a dispute arises can influence or even determine the outcome. For example:
 - Where agent and principle simultaneously accuse each other of breaching their agency contract, how the parties respond and whether or not they continue to perform the contract can have dramatic legal consequences.
 - Where there is doubt about how or where a dispute should be fought, being the first to act (e.g. by commencing proceedings in a preferred jurisdiction) can give you a massive advantage over your opponent.
 - How documents are managed and created once a dispute has arisen can determine whether or not they will be admissible as evidence. This can alter the course and outcome of a dispute.
Getting these matters right will also improve your negotiating position. However, bear in mind that they can be tricky to handle correctly as complex legal rules apply, so it's best to seek professional assistance, especially when there is a lot of money at stake.
5. Be realistic about the cost
The decision to involve your business in a dispute should always be commercially driven. In other words, only get involved if the likely result is that you will be in a better position financially than if you don't, and try to keep any personal animosities to one side.
Work out at the outset what the full cost to your business is likely to be. That's not always as easy as it sounds. Apart from legal costs and the risk of having to pay your opponent if you lose, there are usually other, less visible costs to consider such as lost revenue (e.g. caused by employee downtime), increased future costs (e.g. higher insurance premiums) and indirect losses (e.g. damage to your reputation). Some of these are difficult to identify and value, so take some time to think them through.
6. Don't miss a good settlement
As many agency cases have shown over the years, disputes are risky, expensive and unpredictable. They are also stressful and distract you from your proper business. In many cases, the sooner you end the dispute the better it will be for you and your business – provided of course the terms are acceptable. New possibilities for settlement tend to open up as a dispute develops. A commercially savvy litigant will always have one eye on settlement and will favour a reasonable, timely settlement over a risky day in court.
Rod Dykins is a Senior Associate in our Dispute Resolution department
Written by Rod Dykins
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(SOLVED) . Order: phenobarbital gr 1/2 PO daily for convulsions On hand: 20 mg/5 mL How many mL will you give?
Discipline: Nursing
Type of Paper: Question-Answer
Academic Level: Undergrad. (yrs 1-2)
Paper Format: APA
Pages: 2 Words: 285
Question
1. Order: phenobarbital gr 1/2 PO daily for convulsions On hand: 20 mg/5 mL How many mL will you give? 2. Order: Zantac 0.15 g PO bid for ulcers On hand: 15 mg/Ml How many tsp will you give? 3. Order: Dilaudid 3 mg PO every 3 hours prn for pain On hand: Dilaudid Liquid 1 mg/mL How many mL will you give? 4. Order: lactulose 20 g PO tid for hepatic encephalopathy On hand: lactulose 10 g/15 mL How many oz will you give? 26
Expert solution paper
Answer. 1.
Ordered phenobarbital gr 1/2 PO.
Available drug concentration = 20 mg / 5 ml.
1 grain = 64.799 mg
1/2 grain = 64.799 mg per grain ✖ 1/2 grain.
1/2 grain = 32.39 mg.
Formula for required volume = desire drug dose / available drug concentration ✖ quantity.
Required volume = 32.39 mg / 20 mg ✖ 5 ml.
Required volume = 1.619 ✖ 5 ml
Required volume = 8.09 ml
Answer is 8.09 ml.
Answer. 2.
Ordered zantac = 0.15 gm
Available drug concentration = 15 mg / ml.
1 gm = 1000 mg.
0.15 gm = 0.15 gm ✖ 1000 mg / gm = 150 mg.
Formula for required volume = desire drug dose / available drug concentration ✖ quantity.
Required volume = 150 mg / 15 mg ✖ 1 ml.
Required volume = 10 ✖ 1 ml.
Required volume = 10 ml.
1 tsp = 5 ml.
Total tsp in 10 ml = 10 ml / 5 ml per tsp = 2 tsp.
Answer is 2 tsp.
Answer. 3.
Dilaudid = 3 mg.
Available drug concentration = 1 mg / ml
Formula for required volume = desire drug dose / available drug concentration ✖ quantity.
Required volume = 3 mg / 1 mg ✖ 1 ml.
Required volume = 3 ✖ 1 ml
Required volume = 3 ml.
Answer.
Ordered lactulose = 20 gm
Available drug concentration = 10 gm / 15 ml.
Formula for required volume = desire drug dose / available drug concentration ✖ quantity.
Required volume = 20 gm / 10 gm ✖ 15 ml.
Required volume = 2 ✖ 15 ml.
Required volume = 30 ml
1 oz = 30 ml
So patient required 1 oz.


text:
A spatial population dynamics simulation model of tropical tunas using a habitat index based on environmental parameters
We are developing a spatial, multigear, multispecies population dynamics simulation model for tropical tunas in the Pacific Ocean. The model is age-structured to account for growth and gear selectivity. It includes a tuna movement model based on a diffusion–advection equation in which the advective term is proportional to the gradient of a habitat index. The monthly geographical distribution of recruitment is defined by assuming that spawning occurs in areas where sea surface temperature is above 25°C. During the first 3 months of their life, simulated tunas are transported by oceanic currents, after which movement is conditioned by gradients in the habitat index. Independent estimates of natural mortality rates and population size from large-scale tagging experiments carried out by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community are used in the simulations. The habitat index consists of components due to forage density and sea surface temperature, both of which are suspected to play major roles in determining tuna distribution. Because direct observations of forage are not available on a basin scale, we developed a submodel to simulate the surface tuna forage production (Lehodey et al., 1998). At present, only skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis; a surface tuna species caught by purse seine and by pole-and-line) is considered, at a 1°-square resolution and on a monthly climatological time series. Despite the simplicity of the model and the limitations of the data used, the simulation model is able to predict a distribution of skipjack catch rates, of the different fleets involved in the fishery, that is fairly consistent with observations.
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text:
W.M. Keck Science Department Professor Selected for US Department of Energy Research Program
Claremont, Calif. (March 2, 2012) — Assistant Professor of Biology Bryan Thines was one of 26 scientists selected to participate in the US Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute's Undergraduate Research Program in Microbial Genome Annotation.
The DOE's Joint Genome Institute (JGI) is spearheading an effort to sequence thousands of microbial genomes. Students in JGI's Undergraduate Research Program in Microbial Genome Annotation get hands-on experience annotating and studying these genomes. Students in Thines' class Genomic and Bioinformatics will be directly involved in a research project that focuses on how the circadian clock influences the ability of plants to respond to heat stress.
Thines describes the circadian clock as "an internal molecular timekeeper" that creates circadian rhythms, such as the sleep-wake cycles in humans. In plants, the clock controls responses to light and to cold temperatures, making plants more responsive to light during the day and more responsive to cold at night. Thines' research will explore whether plants respond in the same way if they experience warm temperature at nighttime versus daytime.
"Plant responses to warm temperature is an especially timely topic to study, as climate change and attendant temperature variation have already influenced natural plant populations and agricultural productivity worldwide," Thines said.
Thines teaches biology at the W.M. Keck Science Department, a program of Claremont McKenna College, Pitzer College and Scripps College.


text:
Intangible capital and productivity: Firm-level evidence from German manufacturing
Viktor Slavtchev and
No 1/2020, IWH Discussion Papers from Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH)
We study the importance of intangible capital (R&D, software, patents) for the measurement of productivity using firm-level panel data from German manufacturing. We first document a number of facts on the evolution of intangible investment over time, and its distribution across firms. Aggregate intangible investment increased over time. However, the distribution of intangible investment, even more so than that of physical investment, is heavily right-skewed, with many firms investing nothing or little, and a few firms having very large intensities. Intangible investment is also lumpy. Firms that invest more intensively in intangibles (per capita or as sales share) also tend to be more productive. In a second step, we estimate production functions with and without intangible capital using recent control function approaches to account for the simultaneity of input choice and unobserved productivity shocks. We find a positive output elasticity for research and development (R&D) and, to a lesser extent, software and patent investment. Moreover, the production function estimates show substantial heterogeneity in the output elasticities across industries and firms. While intangible capital has small effects for firms with low intangible intensity, there are strong positive effects for high-intensity firms. Finally, including intangibles in a gross output production function reduces productivity dispersion (measured by the 90-10 decile range) on average by 3%, in some industries as much as nearly 9%.
Keywords: intangible capital; productivity; production functions (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: D24 L60 O30 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-eff, nep-eur, nep-ino, nep-sbm and nep-tid
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Definitions for
Overview of noun invention
The noun invention has 3 senses? (first 3 from tagged texts)
1. (6) invention, innovation, excogitation, conception, design
(the creation of something in the mind)
2. (6) invention, innovation
3. (3) invention
(the act of inventing) © 2001-2013, Demand Media, all rights reserved. The database is based on Word Net a lexical database for the English language. see disclaimer
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text:
Table of Contents
- 1 Types of Bonds
- 1.1 Stretcher Bond.
- 1.2 Header Bond
- 1.3 English bond
- 1.4 Flemish Bond.
- 1.5 Dutch Bond.
- 1.6 Raking Bond.
- 1.7 Garden Wall Bond.
- 1.8 Facing Bond.
- 1.9 Share this:
- 1.10 Like this:
- 1.11 Related
Content of this article :
Types of bonds, Stretcher bond, Header bond, English bond, main features of English bond,Arrangement of Bricks in English Bond, Flemish bond, Dutch bond, Garden wall bond, Raking bond,Two varieties of raking bond viz., Diagonal bond and Herring bone bond, Facing bond.
See also :
Types of Bonds
The bricks being uniform in size can be arranged in a variety of ways. The following are the various types of bonds used in brick masonry :
In this type of Bond all the bricks are laid as stretchers, that is length wise, as shown in Fig. 2.29. This bond is used-in half brick thick walls.
In this bond, all the bricks are laid all headers. The elevation of the wall laid in header bond is shown in Fig. 2.30. This bond is used for curved surfaces in work such as well lining or well foundation etc.
This is the most common and popular bond and is used in most of the structures. The English bond consists of alternate layers of headers and stretchers. That is to say, one layer will be of stretchers and the other layer of headers.
The following are main features of English bond :
- The alternate courses are of headers and stretchers.
- Each alternate header is centrally supported over a stretcher.
- If the thickness of a wall is an uneven or odd number of half bricks, there will be best stretchers on the face and headers on the back, similarly headers on the face and stretchers on the back of the wall in every course.
- If the thickness of the wall is an even number of half bricks, there will be stretchers on the face and stretchers on the back ; similarly, headers on the face and headers on the back every course of the wall.
- The walls having a thickness of two bricks or more will have stretchers or headers on the face and back of the wall whereas the interior will be filled with header only.
Arrangement of Bricks in English Bond
Two, one brick thick walls meeting at right angles at the corner. Fig. 2.32.
Two one and a half brick walls meeting at right the corner. Fig. 2.33
Two, two bricks thick walls meeting at right angles at the corner. Fig. 2.34
Two walls, one brick thick and one and a half brick thick, meeting at right angles at the centre (T-junction). Fig. 2.37.
Two brick and one and a half brick T-junction, (e) Two, one and a half brick thick walls crossing each other at right angles. Fig. 2.39.
In this type of bond, each course consists of header and structures alternately arranged. The Flemish bond as of two types, viz, Single Flemish and Double Flemish, The single Flemish bond consists of Flemish bond on the face of the wall and English bond on the back of the wall. Whereas the double Flemish bond consists of Flemish bond on the face as well as on the back of the wall.
Flemish bond admits the use of greater number of brick bats and hence it is economical. But English bond is stronger than Flemish bond. It is also claimed that Flemish bond is better in appearance than the English bond.
It is a modification over the English bond and consists of alternate courses of headers and stretchers, except that every stretcher course starts with a three-quarter brick and in every alternate stretcher course in header is placed after the three quarter brick as shown in Fig. 2.46.
The walls which are more than two-brick thick will become weaker in longitudinal strength, as the headers being used in the interior of the wall to increase the transverse strength. This defect is removed by using raking bond (rake means inclination). In this bond the bricks are laid at some inclination to the face of the wall.
There are two varieties of raking bond, Diagonal bond and Herring bone bond.
(i) Diagonal bond.
This type of bond is employed in walls, which are 2 to 4 thick. In this bond, the face bricks are first laid and then the bricks are laid diagonally. The inclination of the bricks should be so adjusted that the bricks may be filled without cut ting.
(ii) Herring bone bond.
This bond is best suited for walls which are at least 4 bricks thick. In this case, the bricks are laid at an angle of 45° in both directions, commencing from the center line as shown in Fig. 2.47.
Raking bond pattern of laying bricks is also sometimes used for laying bricks on the floors.
Garden Wall Bond.
There are two types of garden wall bond viz. English Garden Bond and Flemish Garden Bond. In the English garden bond, one course of headers is used after every three to four courses of stretchers, whereas in the Flemish garden bond, in each course one header is used after every three or four stretchers
This bond is used when the bricks for the face work are costlier than the other bricks and as such the number of face bricks is economized by using more stretchers. This bond is also used when the thickness of the face and back bricks is different. There are a number of stretcher courses followed by header courses. The thickness of stretcher courses should be multiple of the thickness of thinner bricks. For example, the thickness of face bricks is 5 cm and that of back bricks in 3 cm. Then after three courses of face bricks and five courses of back bricks the height of face and back bricks will become the same. Now at this height header course should be provided.


Alabo David Briggs
alabobriggs
alabobriggs
Upload files directly to Cloudinary from a React application
Upload files directly to Cloudinary from a React application
Alabo David Briggs's photo
Alabo David Briggs
·Jul 14, 2020·
Introduction
Cloudinary is a SaaS technology company that provides a cloud-based image and video management services. It enables users to upload, store, manage, manipulate, and deliver images and video for websites and apps
image2 1.png
The most common approach to uploading files directly to cloudinary would be to first upload to the server e.g Node.js, Go, PHP then from the server upload to cloudinary. In this article we will learn how to upload directly to cloudinary using React hereby eliminating the need to first send the file to the server. PS: This approach can also be used with any other technology and not just react
Prerequisites
 - Code editor that supports JS (preferable VS code)
 - Cloudinary account
 - Knowledge of React JS
 - Familiar with cloudinary dashboard
Why upload to cloudinary directly?
As stated earlier, the most common way through which media files are uploaded to cloudinary directly would be to first send to the server then upload to cloudinary. This approach can be improved if we can remove the first step of sending to the server and rather send to the cloudinary directly from the front end. For Example, Imagine we want to upload a 10mb image but first upload to the server which will take let's say 10 seconds, then the server uploads the 10mb images again to cloudinary which takes another time. The point of this new approach is to eliminate the need to upload first to the server which will not just save us resources but also save us time and improve user experience.
image4.png
Cloudinary setup
Before uploading directly to cloudinary you need to setup the your cloudinary account to accept uploads directly. Below are the steps
Step 1: Login to cloudinary
image5.png
Step 2: Go to settings/ upload
image6.png
Step 3: Scroll down and click on "add upload preset"
image3.png
Step 4: Fill out the form
 - Fill out the preset and folder name.
 - Change "signed mode" to unsigned upload
 - Note: "folder" is the name of the folder the files will be uploaded to.
image1.png
Step 5: Copy preset name and api key
In your dashboard copy your API and the name of the just created preset name. It will be needed to make the direct upload using axios.
image7.png
Save the copied key and preset name and proceed to the next section
Uploading using react
After the above steps have been completed the next step would be to upload a file directly to cloudinary directly from your react app. To achieve this we follow the steps below.
Note: You should already have your react app setup to follow this steps
Step 1: Create file input component
const FileInput = () => {
 return <input type="file" onChange={()=>{}} />;
};
export default FileInput;
Step 2: Add an onChange handler to handle input change
const FileInput = () => {
 const onChangeHandler = ({target:{files}}) => {
 handleUploadImages({files);
 };
 return <input type="file" onChange={onChangeHandler} />;
};
Step 3: Add function to upload to cloudinary
This function will upload the selected file to cloudinary directly using axios.
const handleUploadImages = async (images) => {
 try {
 const uploads = images.map(async (image) => {
 try {
 const formData = new FormData();
 formData.append('file', image);
 formData.append('tags', 'tutorial');
 formData.append('upload_preset', 'tutorial');
 formData.append('api_key', 'API_KEY');
 formData.append(
 'timestamp',
 // eslint-disable-next-line newline-per-chained-call
 moment().utcOffset('+0100').format('LLLL')
 );
 const uploadResponse = await Axios.post(
 '_URL_
 formData,
 { headers: { 'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest' } }
 );
 return uploadResponse;
 } catch (err) {
 return console.log(err);
 }
 });
 const uploadResponses = await Axios.all(uploads);
 console.log(uploadResponses);
 } catch (err) {
 return console.error(err);
 }
 };
From the code above you can see that some values are appended to the form data before uploading.
 - upload_preset: This is the name of the upload preset that was created on cloudinary in step 3 and 4.
 - api_key: This is the api key on your cloudinary dashboard
 - tags: This is the tags that can be used to sort the image in your cloudinary dashboard. The value can be anything. In this case we call it "tutorial"
 - file: This is the file to be uploaded
 - timestamp: This is simply the time the picture was uploaded. In the case we used moment JS to get the time
If noticed above we mapped over the selected files and uploaded each individually this is in cases of multiple file uploads. Then we used Axios.all() to send all request simultaneously without having to wait for one to finish before the next one starts
const handleUploadImages = async (images) => {
 try {
 const uploads = images.map(async (image) => {
 // do things on things here
 });
 const uploadResponses = await Axios.all(uploads);
 console.log(uploadResponses);
 } catch (err) {
 return console.error(err);
 }
 };
After the above steps your component should look like this
import Axios from 'axios';
import moment from 'moment';
const FileInput = () => {
 const handleUploadImages = async (images) => {
 try {
 const uploads = images.map(async (image) => {
 try {
 const formData = new FormData();
 formData.append('file', image);
 formData.append('tags', 'product');
 formData.append('upload_preset', 'tutorial'); // this is yout upload opreset
 formData.append('api_key', 'API_KEY'); // This is your upload key
 formData.append(
 'timestamp',
 // eslint-disable-next-line newline-per-chained-call
 moment().utcOffset('+0100').format('LLLL')
 );
 const uploadResponse = await Axios.post(
 '_URL_
 formData,
 { headers: { 'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest' } }
 );
 return uploadResponse;
 } catch (err) {
 return console.log(err);
 }
 });
 const uploadResponses = await Axios.all(uploads);
 console.log(uploadResponses);
 } catch (err) {
 return console.error(err);
 }
 };
 const onChangeHandler = ({target: {files}}) => {
 handleUploadImages(files);
 };
 return <input type="file" onChange={onChangeHandler} />;
};
export default FileInput;
You can then send the return object from cloudinary to your server and the most important fields are secure_url and public_id. Of which you can used public_id for complex transformations and secure_url to access the image barebones. You will also find other fields there which you might find useful.
Conclusion
Uploading directly to cloudinary by first sending to the server is a good approach but it can be better optimized by uploading directly to cloudinary whilst eliminating the need to first upload to the server first then from server to cloudinary. This helps save resource and gives a better user experience as time for file uploads will be reduced by a great percentage.

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Summary Anatomy Item Literature (466) Expression Attributions Wiki
Anatomy Term: branchial arch
XAO ID: _PHONE_
Synonyms: branchial arches
Definition: "Structures that develop from the pharyngeal arches. Pharyngeal arches are anlage for a multitude of structures. Each pharyngeal arch has a cartilaginous stick, a muscle component which differentiates from the cartilaginous tissue, an artery, and a cranial nerve. Each of these is surrounded by mesenchyme. Arches do not develop simultaneously, but instead possess a staggered development."
Stage Range: NF stage 27 to death
Marker Genes:
Develops From:
Develops Into:
Parent(s): pharyngeal arch (is_a)
References: NCBO BioPortal, Ontology Lookup Service


text:
Rising Rents and Rare Availability: Canada's Booming Rental Crisis
In 2022, there was an unprecedented increase in the supply of rental housing across the country, but demand outpaced supply growth, driving up rents to record-low levels and restricting mobility.
Between October 2021 and October 2022, 55,000 specifically designed rental units will enter the market, representing the fastest growth since 2013. Although vacancy rates fell to an all-time low of 1.9 percent throughout the year, those extra units did very little to increase the amount of rental supply that was available.
The Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) lists several factors for the rise in demand for rental housing.
- Growth in immigration.
- Decreasing affordability of home ownership.
- Returning college students in significant urban centers.
The average national rent for a two-bedroom apartment was $1,258 in 2022, up 56% from the previous year and significantly more than the 28% average increase between 1990 and 2021, according to the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC).
The most expensive markets in the nation are Toronto and Vancouver, where the average rent is $1,779 and $2,002, respectively.
The sudden increases in rental costs were most detrimental to renters with low incomes. Less than 20% of the rental stock is comprised of reasonably priced housing, making them difficult to find.
More tenants chose to remain in their homes as rental prices rose across the nation to avoid paying higher prices. Rental turnover rates dropped from 15% in 2021 to 13% in 2022.
Given the evidence provided by CMHC that turnover has a significant impact on rental housing prices, these numbers are not surprising. According to the company, a 2-bedroom apartment turned over to a new tenant experienced an average rent increase of about 18%; however, tenants who opted to remain in their rental properties only experienced a 26% increase.
In 2022, Montreal had the highest percentage of affordable rental units, largely because of its older and smaller buildings, larger overall rental stock, and perhaps more individual owner-landlords.
In Canadian cities, rental condominiums made up 19.3 percent of the total rental stock, with Vancouver leading the way at 42.5 percent.
While Montreal had a meager 60.7 percent, Calgary and Toronto also had high rates of condo rentals (over 30%).
At $1,930 a month, renting a two-bedroom condo was significantly more expensive than renting an apartment.


xtd 0.2.0
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solid_brush.h File Reference
#include "../drawing_export.h"
#include "brush.h"
#include "color.h"
#include <xtd/iequatable>
Definition
Contains xtd::drawing::solid_brush class.
Go to the source code of this file.
Classes
class xtd::drawing::solid_brush
 Defines a xtd::drawing::brush of a single color. Brushes are used to fill graphics shapes, such as rectangles, ellipses, pies, polygons, and paths. This class cannot be inherited. More...

Namespaces
namespace xtd
 The xtd namespace contains all fundamental classes to access Hardware, Os, System, and more.

namespace xtd::drawing
 The xtd::drawing namespace provides access to GDI+ basic graphics functionality. More advanced functionality is provided in the xtd::drawing::drawing_2d, xtd::drawing::imaging, and xtd::drawing::text namespaces.


text:
Raycho and EnduroSat recognized by Karmen Fellowship 2023
We are proud and humbled to be acknowledged by the Karman Project for our accomplishments for the betterment of the space sector, as our Founder & CEO Raycho Raychev is selected for the Global Space Leaders Fellowship of 2023.
The Karman fellowship has established a dynamic environment for young and experienced leaders in the space sector who are creating a better future for space technology and exploration. Cooperation in space is the only way to proceed as a species. We hope that with the efforts of EnduroSat and our academic programs, we are contributing in a tangible way to the development of space as a common environment and as a pan-global initiative.
Raycho Raychev, Founder & CEO EnduroSat
The 15 Fellows of 2023 represent 12 nationalities and six continents and join a growing network of influential Karman Alumni – including 45 Fellows and over 100 top-shortlisted 'Karman Pioneers' from previous promotions – coming from the cultural, venture capital, research, space agency, and industry sectors alike.
These are the people shaping the technologies and roadmaps for exploration, education, medicine, climate policy, and other time-critical topics for humanity


text:
REACH Partners in Health
Community Health Councils (CHC) was awarded a Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health: Obesity & Hypertension Demonstration Project 2012 grant from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as part of the US Department of Health and Human Services' Public Health Prevention Fund.
The $7.7 million award will support Partners in Health, a three-year project to develop and implement "replicable and scalable" policy, systems, and environmental changes in South Los Angeles - an urban, racially and ethnically diverse and underserved community.
Over $4 million in subcontracts will be provided to our partners and local community organizations for their roles in improving the health of our communities.
The project collaborates with CHC, the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, the Los Angeles Unified School District, and University of Southern California researchers. It is designed to reduce disparities in obesity rates and hypertension for African Americans and Hispanic/Latino residents in the West Adams, Baldwin Hills, and South Los Angeles Community Plan Area of South Los Angeles. The project will address and impact three significant policy initiatives in the prevention and management of chronic disease:
For more information on Partners in Health, contact Project Manager Catherine Sepulveda.
Partners in Health supports the development of the Health Kids Zone initiative.
Our Community Plan: An Online Toolkit
Community Plans must be current in order to: encourage wise growth; identify appropriate locations for new development; assess public infrastructure, service and facility needs; minimize lengthy discretionary approvals; and provide certainty and predictability for developers, homeowners and anyone else concerned with the future development of Los Angeles.


text:
Fly masks paired with an insect repellant, can greatly reduce the amount of stress faced by your horse during fly season. An alternative to traditional insect repellants, we also carry feed throughs which when ingested can help ward off pesky insects without the use of sprays.
Dr. Timothy Gibb, Clinical Professor of Entomology at Purdue Agricultural University in Indiana, explained: "Fly masks are used to relieve the stress that a horse deals with when continually fighting flies – primarily the face fly. Face flies are persistent and annoying while they feed around the eyes and nose of horses. They are capable of transmitting eye-worm to horses but this is not common. The mask simply acts as a physical barrier between the horse and the flies."


text:
1. General: Written definition, limit, or rule, approved and monitored for compliance by an authoritative agency or professional or recognized body as a minimum acceptable benchmark. Standards may be classified as (1) government or statutory agency standards and specifications enforced by law, (2) proprietary standards developed by a firm or organization and placed in public domain to encourage their widespread use, and (3) voluntary standards established by consultation and consensus and available for use by any person, organization, or industry. Once established, standards (like bureaucracies) are very difficult to change or dislodge. For example, the world standard for broad gauge railway line is 4 feet and 8½ inches between the parallel tracks. This odd figure has its origin in the axle-width of Roman army chariots designed to accommodate the rear ends of two horses yoked side-by-side.
2. GATT definition: "Technical specifications contained in a document that lays characteristics of a product such as levels of quality, performance, safety, or dimensions. Standards may include or deal exclusively with terminology, symbols, testing and methods, packaging, or labeling requirements as they apply to a product." See also standard.


text:
Lumpkin Family History
Lumpkin Surname History
This Lumpkin origins and history page contains the contributed history of the Lumpkin last name made up of user-uploaded content from other AncientFaces users. The last name Lumpkin is an old family line that has migrated all across the world over the centuries, and as the Lumpkin family has migrated, it has evolved making its origin tricky to unearth. Lumpkin family history has a complex evolution whose details have been accumulated over the years by Lumpkin family researchers.
No content has been submitted here about Lumpkin. The following is speculative information about Lumpkin. You can submit your information by clicking Edit.
The evolution of Lumpkin begins with it's early ancestors. Even in the earliest days of a name there are changes in that name simply because family names were infrequently written down at that stage in history.
It was commonplace for a surname to change as it enters a new country or language. Lumpkin ancestors have emigrated around the world all throughout history. As Lumpkin families emigrated between countries and languages, the Lumpkin name may have changed with them.
Lumpkin country of origin
No content has been submitted about the Lumpkin country of origin. The following is speculative information about Lumpkin. You can submit your information by clicking Edit.
The nationality of Lumpkin is often complicated to determine because regional boundaries change over time, leaving the nation of origin indeterminate. The original ethnicity of Lumpkin may be difficult to determine depending on whether the surname came about organically and independently in different locales; e.g. in the case of family names that come from a craft, which can appear in multiple countries independently (such as the surname "Brewster" which refers to a female brewer).
Meaning of the last name Lumpkin
No content has been submitted about the meaning of Lumpkin. The following is speculative information about Lumpkin. You can submit your information by clicking Edit.
The meaning of Lumpkin come may come from a craft, such as the name "Gardener" which was given to people of that profession. Many of these profession-based surnames might be a profession in some other language. This is why it is important to know the country of origin of a name, and the languages spoken by its progenitors. Many names like Lumpkin originate from religious texts such as the Bhagavadgītā, the Bible, the Quran, and so on. Commonly these names relate to a religious expression such as "Worthy of praise".
- Emily Bookout Lumpkin 1839 -?
- Sarah Lumpkin 1796 - 1872
- Evelyine Lumpkin 1814 -?
- Sarah Ann Lumpkin 1815 -?
- James L. Lumpkin 1791 - 1870
- Hope J Lumpkin 2003 -?
- Robert Lumpkin 1830 -?
- Elizabeth Lumpkin
- Chicora Lumpkin
- Rebecca D Elliott/ Lumpkin 1980 -?
- Thomasine Tamzen Lumpkin Mayo 1626 - 1709
- Bryan W Lumpkin 1979 -?
- William Lumpkin 1574 - 1670
- Richard Lumpkin
- Grace D Lumpkin 2004 -?
- Theodore G. Lumpkin, Jr
- William Lumpkin 1830 -?
- Anne Lumpkin 1631 - 1676
- William Lumpkin 1800 - 1869
Lumpkin Family Tree
Famous people named Lumpkin
No famous people named Lumpkin have been submitted. You can submit your information by clicking Edit.
Nationality and Ethnicity of Lumpkin
No content has been submitted about the ethnicity of Lumpkin. The following is speculative information about Lumpkin. You can submit your information by clicking Edit.
We do not have a record of the primary ethnicity of the name Lumpkin. Many surnames travel around the world throughout the ages, making their original nationality and ethnicity difficult to trace.
More about the name Lumpkin
Fun facts about the Lumpkin family
We have no fun facts about Lumpkin. You can submit your information by clicking Edit.
Lumpkin spelling variations
No content has been submitted about alternate spellings of Lumpkin. The following is speculative information about Lumpkin. You can submit your information by clicking Edit.
In times when literacy was uncommon, names such as Lumpkin were transcribed based on how they were heard by a scribe when people's names were written in public records. This could have led to misspellings of Lumpkin. Surnames like Lumpkin vary in spelling and pronunciation as they travel across tribes, family unions, and languages over the years. Researching misspellings and spelling variations of the Lumpkin last name are important to understanding the possible origins of the name.


The Beginning of the Church
Ferguson, pp. 47-56, 63-69
 1. In what church is it popular to say that the rock of Matt. 16:18 is Peter?
 2. When the word rock is found in the Sermon on the Mount, what is it symbolic of?
 3. What does Ferguson say the two most important declarations of Matt. 16:18 are?
 4. What does Ferguson think that the phrase "the gates of hades will not prevail against it" refers to?
 5. To what two things do binding and loosing refer in rabbinic literature?
 6. What seven things began on the day of Pentecost?
 7. What scriptures indicate that "the disciples" and "the church" refer to the same thing?
Bruce Terry's Home Page
Bruce Terry's Home Page Class Index Page Class Syllabus
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Last updated on April 18, 2003
Page maintained by — Copyright © 2001 Bruce Terry


Chapter 31. Configuring Global Build Defaults and Overrides
31.1. Overview
Developers can define settings in specific build configurations within their projects, such as configuring a proxy for Git cloning. Rather than requiring developers to define certain settings in each build configuration, administrators can use admission control plug-ins to configure global build defaults and overrides that automatically use these settings in any build.
The settings from these plug-ins are used only during the build process but are not set in the build configurations or builds themselves. Configuring the settings through the plug-ins allows administrators to change the global configuration at any time, and any builds that are re-run from existing build configurations or builds are assigned the new settings.
 - The BuildDefaults admission control plug-in allows administrators to set global defaults for settings such as the Git HTTP and HTTPS proxy, as well as default environment variables. These defaults do not overwrite values that have been configured for a specific build. However, if those values are not present on the build definition, they are set to the default value.
 - The BuildOverrides admission control plug-in allows administrators to override a setting in a build, regardless of the value stored in the build.
 The plug-in currently supports overriding the forcePull flag on a build strategy to force refreshing the local image from the registry during a build. This means that an access check is performed on an image every time a build starts, ensuring that users can build only with images they are allowed to pull. A forced refresh provides multitenancy for your build. However, you can no longer rely on the local cache of the image stored on the build node; you must always have access to the registry.
 The plug-in can also be configured to apply a set of image labels to every built image.
 For information on configuring the BuildOverrides admission control plug-in and the values you can override, see Manually Setting Global Build Overrides.
The default node selectors and the BuildDefaults or BuildOverrides admission plug-ins work together as follows:
 - The default project node selector, defined in the projectConfig.defaultNodeSelector field in the master configuration file, is applied to the pods created in all projects without a specified nodeSelector value. These settings are applied to builds with nodeSelector="null" on clusters where the BuildDefaults or BuildOverrides nodeselector is not set.
 - The cluster-wide default build node selector, admissionConfig.pluginConfig.BuildDefaults.configuration.nodeSelector, is applied only if the nodeSelector="null" parameter is set in the build configuration. nodeSelector=null is the default setting.
 - With a default project or cluster-wide node selector, the default setting is added as an AND to the build node selector, which is set by the BuildDefaults or BuildOverrides admission plug-ins. These settings mean that the build will be scheduled only to nodes that satisfy the BuildOverrides node selector AND the project default node selector.
 Note
 You can define a hard limit on how long build pods can run by using the RunOnceDuration plugin.
31.2. Setting Global Build Defaults
You can set global build defaults two ways:
31.2.1. Configuring Global Build Defaults with Ansible
During cluster installations, the BuildDefaults plug-in can be configured using the following parameters, which are configurable in the inventory file:
 - openshift_builddefaults_http_proxy
 - openshift_builddefaults_https_proxy
 - openshift_builddefaults_no_proxy
 - openshift_builddefaults_git_http_proxy
 - openshift_builddefaults_git_https_proxy
 - openshift_builddefaults_git_no_proxy
 - openshift_builddefaults_image_labels
 - openshift_builddefaults_nodeselectors
 - openshift_builddefaults_annotations
 - openshift_builddefaults_resources_requests_cpu
 - openshift_builddefaults_resources_requests_memory
 - openshift_builddefaults_resources_limits_cpu
 - openshift_builddefaults_resources_limits_memory
Example 31.1. Example Build Defaults Configuration with Ansible
# These options configure the BuildDefaults admission controller which injects
# configuration into Builds. Proxy related values will default to the global proxy
# config values. You only need to set these if they differ from the global proxy settings.
openshift_builddefaults_http_proxy=http://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT
openshift_builddefaults_https_proxy=https://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT
openshift_builddefaults_no_proxy=mycorp.com
openshift_builddefaults_git_http_proxy=http://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT
openshift_builddefaults_git_https_proxy=https://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT
openshift_builddefaults_git_no_proxy=mycorp.com
openshift_builddefaults_image_labels=[{'name':'imagelabelname1','value':'imagelabelvalue1'}]
openshift_builddefaults_nodeselectors={'nodelabel1':'nodelabelvalue1'}
openshift_builddefaults_annotations={'annotationkey1':'annotationvalue1'}
openshift_builddefaults_resources_requests_cpu=100m
openshift_builddefaults_resources_requests_memory=256Mi
openshift_builddefaults_resources_limits_cpu=1000m
openshift_builddefaults_resources_limits_memory=512Mi
# Or you may optionally define your own build defaults configuration serialized as json
#openshift_builddefaults_json='{"BuildDefaults":{"configuration":{"apiVersion":"v1","env":[{"name":"HTTP_PROXY","value":"_URL_"},{"name":"NO_PROXY","value":"ose3-master.example.com"}],"gitHTTPProxy":"_URL_","gitNoProxy":"ose3-master.example.com","kind":"BuildDefaultsConfig"}}}'
31.2.2. Manually Setting Global Build Defaults
To configure the BuildDefaults plug-in:
 1. Add a configuration for it in the /etc/origin/master/master-config.yaml file on the master nodes:
 admissionConfig:
 pluginConfig:
 BuildDefaults:
 configuration:
 apiVersion: v1
 kind: BuildDefaultsConfig
 gitHTTPProxy: _URL_ 1
 gitHTTPSProxy: _URL_ 2
 gitNoProxy: somedomain.com, otherdomain.com 3
 env:
 - name: HTTP_PROXY 4
 value: _URL_
 - name: HTTPS_PROXY 5
 value: _URL_
 - name: BUILD_LOGLEVEL 6
 value: 4
 - name: CUSTOM_VAR 7
 value: custom_value
 imageLabels:
 - name: url 8
 value: _URL_
 - name: vendor
 value: ExampleCorp Ltd.
 nodeSelector: 9
 key1: value1
 key2: value2
 annotations: 10
 key1: value1
 key2: value2
 resources: 11
 requests:
 cpu: "100m"
 memory: "256Mi"
 limits:
 cpu: "100m"
 memory: "256Mi"
 1
 Sets the HTTP proxy to use when cloning source code from a Git repository.
 2
 Sets the HTTPS proxy to use when cloning source code from a Git repository.
 3
 Sets the list of domains for which proxying should not be performed.
 4
 Default environment variable that sets the HTTP proxy to use during the build. This can be used for downloading dependencies during the assemble and build phases.
 5
 Default environment variable that sets the HTTPS proxy to use during the build. This can be used for downloading dependencies during the assemble and build phases.
 6
 Default environment variable that sets the build log level during the build.
 7
 Additional default environment variable that will be added to every build.
 8
 Labels to be applied to every image built. Users can override these in their BuildConfig.
 9
 Build pods will only run on nodes with the key1=value2 and key2=value2 labels. Users can define a different set of nodeSelectors for their builds in which case these values will be ignored.
 10
 Build pods will have these annotations


text: The 26th International Conference on Nuclear Tracks in Solids provides a platform to present and exchange recent achievements on the fundamental and applied research of nuclear tracks, including that in etched track detectors and nuclear emulsion. The scope of this conference covers various branches of science and technology such as space radiation, nuclear physics, nuclear chemistry, neutron dosimetry, heavy ions, radon, radiation biology, geology and dating, laser driven particle acceleration and track nanotechnology. The formation process of tracks in solids is also a research topic that has been investigated from the viewpoint of radiation physics, radiation chemistry and simulation. This is a unique international conference where attendees from many different fields will come together to discuss on the fundamental principles and applications of nuclear tracks, which has a long history established in 1957. This Conference is jointly organized by the International Nuclear Track Society and Kobe University, which is also supported by the Ionizing Radiation Division (The Japan Society of Applied Physics) and the Japan Society of Nuclear Track Detectors.