University of Gothenburg
Image
Child swimming in the Baltic Sea
Photo: Anders Tedeholm/Azote
Why should we care?
There are several reasons why we should consider genetic biodiversity in management and conservation. In the Baltic Sea, facing more rapidly increasing temperatures and faster decreasing salinities than other marine areas over the coming century, genetic diversity will mitigate loss of species.
Genetic biodiversity improves ecosystem function
Genetic biodiversity contributes to ecosystem function much in the same way as species biodiversity – by increasing variability. Hereby, biodiversity on the genetic level provides a wider range of functions, including increased resistance to stress and new environmental states.
Image
Photo of an eelgras meadow.
Eelgrass meadows that consist of many different clones (high genetic diversity) produce more biomass, host more associated fauna and are more resistant to extreme weather conditions than meadows with low clonal richness.
Photo: Nicklas Wijkmark/Azote
Changes in the genetic composition of populations will affect the function of the ecosystems, including production of goods and services. Just like changes in species composition of the ecosystem do.
Genetic biodiversity enables local adaptation
Genetic biodiversity is what makes local adaptation possible. It provides species and populations with the raw material to adapt to environmental changes. Individuals of a population that have evolved local adaptation to a specific area have inherited traits, making them more fit to live in this area than other individuals of the same species.
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Baltic populations of cod have evolved traits that make these cods able to live and reproduce in the low saline water of the Baltic Sea. Losing this large predatory fish would affect the whole Baltic Sea ecosystem. <br /> Photo: Patrick Gijsber
Photo: Patrick Gijsber
The eastern Baltic population of cod has evolved traits that make these cods able to live and reproduce in the low saline water of the Baltic Sea. For example, their eggs have increased buoyancy that prevent them sinking too deep. Cods from areas with higher salinity can not reproduce in this environment. Thus, they can not replace Baltic cod should the eastern population vanish. Losing this large predatory fish would affect the whole Baltic Sea ecosystem. Previous experience suggest that overfishing of cod will have cascading effects on the populations of herring, sprat, plankton and seaweeds.
If a locally adapted population goes extinct, it will take time to fill up this area again with individuals from other populations. They need to evolve relevant adaptations first. This is thus equivalent to local loss of a species.
Genetic biodiversity is an insurance
Genetic biodiversity provides the potential for a population to adapt to changes in the environment. With more genetic variation present in a population, the populations' chances to survive future environmental changes increases. To be able to adapt to temperature increase, salinity decline, new predators or competitors, or new diseases or parasites, the populations need large pools of genetic variation.
Small populations have much less genetic variation than large populations. Several generations of small populations will rapidly reduce the genetic variation. Thus, small populations have far less chances than large populations to adapt to environmental changes.
"Useless" variation get crucial
Genetic variation that does not currently contribute to fitness may be useful in the future. As in this exemple with sticklebacks: Sticklebacks are found in both marine and freshwater environments. In freshwater, almost all individuals carry the "EDA allele", a gene variant crucial for survival in freshwater environments. Sticklebacks living in marine environments also carry this allele, but typically by only a few percent of the individuals.
The low frequency in marine environments is explained by the fact that the EDA allele is weakly detrimental in marine environments. Thus, due to natural selection the allele will decrease in marine populations. However, the allele is not completely lost. In freshwater, natural selection will favour individuals carrying the EDA allele and it will again increase in frequency.
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Sticklebacks live in both marine and freshwater environments. Marine populations carry gene variants that have no or even harmful effects in that environment, but are crucial for the species ability to live in freshwater.
Photo: Joakim Hansen/Azote

Although it's hard to know which gene variants will be needed in the future, high levels of genetic diversity provides a population with more "tickets" in the lottery.
Video (6:40)
Genes and biodiversity
Genetic data in management and conservation
Genetic data is useful in management and conservation, for example to identify population structure, help prioritize and estimate effective population size. Click for more.
Legal commitments
The fundamental importance of genetic biodiversity is reflected in several commitments agreed upon internationally. The Convention of Biological Diversity, the EU Habitats Directive, the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive and the Baltic Sea Action Plan all provide goals for genetic diversity.


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University of Sussex researchers set to recruit 'baby scientists'
A research group at the University of Sussex is looking to enlist baby scientists to help with an exciting new project.
The call-out for babies comes from the Sussex Baby Lab,1 where researchers study tiny tots at play to find out what babies can understand, how they experience the world around them and how they develop and learn.
Participating babies and their parents will be asked to attend the new lab, decked out in baby-friendly colours and furnishings, to play specially designed games and take part in fun activities while researchers observe how the babies act and behave, or record what the babies look at.
Psychologist Dr Anna Franklin, who heads the Sussex Baby Lab, says: "It may look like it's just a lot of fun, but the babies are actually helping researchers answer a range of important questions such as: 'how long can babies remember something for?' 'Can babies recognise their mother's face?' Or even 'can babies count?'"
The Baby Lab's current project, the 'Rainbow Project',2 aims to discover how babies see colour. To find out, researchers will need to study around 400 babies over a two-year period, so they are looking for babies in the Sussex area to take part.
During a 30-minute visit babies will be shown a series of colours while the researchers record what they look at to find out whether they recognise changes in colour.
Dr Franklin says: "We know from previous research that contrary to popular belief, babies do see colour, even when they are newborns. What we want to know is how good babies are at noticing changes in colour, and in particular we want to know whether babies group colours in a similar way to adults."
Notes for Editors
1 The Sussex Baby Lab is part of the newly-built Sussex Child Research Hub – a suite of rooms designed for research on child development, including work on understanding anxiety in children (see the CATT Lab). Along with the Baby Lab, there are other research teams who do their research in the hub, and children of all ages visit the space to take part in research that aims to understand a range of issues such as anxiety in children or how toddlers learn words (e.g., see the and WORD Lab).
The hub has several play areas for children of different ages where we can also explain the research to parents, along with multiple rooms with state-of-the-art facilities for doing research with babies and children. Up to nine or ten families may visit the hub each day.
2 The Rainbow Project is part of a bigger project – the five-year, European Research Council-funded CATEGORIES project, which aims to establish the extent to which speakers of different languages see colour differently. The CATEGORIES project is led by The Sussex Colour Group, which is also headed by Dr Franklin.
University of Sussex Press office contacts: Maggie Clune and Jacqui Bealing. Tel: 01273 678 888. Email: _EMAIL_
View press releases online at: _URL_

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Vermontville Township, Michigan
The Village of Vermontville is located within the township.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 94.2 km² (36.4 mi²). 94.1 km² (36.3 mi²) of it is land and 0.2 km² (0.1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.22% water.
As of the census2 of 2000, there are 2,100 people, 749 households, and 588 families residing in the township. The population density is 22.3/km² (57.8/mi²). There are 807 housing units at an average density of 8.6/km² (22.2/mi²). The racial makeup of the township is 97.29% White, 0.05% African American, 0.29% Native American, 0.43% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.38% from other races, and 1.57% from two or more races. 1.29% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There are 749 households out of which 38.1% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.8% are married couples living together, 9.6% have a female householder with no husband present, and 21.4% are non-families. 17.5% of all households are made up of individuals and 8.4% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.80 and the average family size is 3.15.
In the township the population is spread out with 30.3% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 25.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.1% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 36 years. For every 100 females there are 98.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 95.5 males.
The median income for a household in the township is $45,848, and the median income for a family is $51,167. Males have a median income of $38,971 versus $25,972 for females. The per capita income for the township is $17,998. 7.0% of the population and 5.1% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 8.2% of those under the age of 18 and 10.6% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.
The contents of this article is licensed from _URL_ under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details


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What Do Criminal Records Consist of in Arizona?
There is plenty of information in Arizona criminal records. This includes details about a person's convictions, dispositions, indictments, and arrests. More specifically, criminal records in Arizona contain information like the person's name and known aliases, past and outstanding arrest warrants, and past and current criminal offenses and indictments. Other info in these criminal records includes:
- Mugshot and fingerprints
- Conviction and inmate records
- Age/Birth Date
- Other identifying personal information
Arrest records are similar to this. Arrest records are official law enforcement documents describing the apprehensions and detentions of people who allegedly committed crimes. However, arrest records do not mean that the person arrested is actually guilty of or pleaded guilty to their alleged crimes.
How Can Someone Use Criminal Records?
One of the primary uses of criminal records is employers accessing said records as part of a pre-employment background check. However, only non-profit organizations can get Arizona state criminal history information for employment purposes. No other private companies can access this information for those purposes. It is important to note that in the state of Arizona, if a potential employer asks to hear about any prior convictions you may have, they must include a statement that a prior conviction will not completely bar you from employment. Additionally, courts may use criminal records to determine sentences for crimes that the same person commits at a later time.
Can Someone Else Access Your Criminal Records?
In the state of Arizona, you are the only person that can request your criminal records aside from law enforcement agencies. The Criminal History Records Section is the central repository for all criminal records in the state of Arizona. In many states, other people can request copies of your criminal records if they have acceptable reasons for doing so. However, in Arizona, only authorized individuals or agencies can request copies of your criminal records.
How Can You Request A Criminal Record?
If you want to request a criminal record, you start off by requesting a Record Review Packet from the Criminal History Records Section. You can call them at _PHONE_ to do so. In the Record Review Packet, you get the following:
- Blank applicant fingerprint card
- Contact information sheet
- Pre-addressed return envelope
You will get a mailed response to your request within 15 days of the receipt of the completed Record Review Packet. This response will not include any personal information about you. You can find the Record Review Packet Instructions here.
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text:
Words under the lens: English word "THATCHED" is
from Turkish "OT ÇATIDI"
The following picture shows a replica of an iron-aged "thatched" roof in a Butser Ancient Farm,
A replica Ironage thatched roof, Butser Ancient Farm,
The English word THATCHED is described as being from "thatch: a roof covering of straw, reeds, palm leaves, or a similar material." [From
The word THATCHED, rearranged as "T-CHATHDE", (where the Greek letter H can be an H, I, or E as required for restructuring words of Turkish), is the restructured and anagrammatized form of the Turkish expression "OT ÇATIDI" meaning "it is roof made of grass, leaves, straw, reeds, etc.". This Turkish definition is the same as the above dictionary definition for the English word THATCHED.
Turkish word OT means "grass, plant", ÇATI means "roof" and ÇATIDI means "it is roof".
This is another example showing how many English language words, like the words of all other so-called "Indo-European" languages, were made up from Turkish words and descriptive phrases by way of altering, restructuring and disguising. Those linguists who search for the truth about the makeup of languages should take note of this. The Turkish language was the original mathematically structured mother/father language that was used as a linguistic data base for most other languages.
Best wishes to all,


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In the X-Men comics, Sentinels are a type of advanced robots created to hunt and capture mutants. They were designed by Bolivar Trask, a scientist who believed that the existence of mutants posed a threat to humanity.
The Sentinels are programmed to identify mutants and capture or eliminate them. They have a wide range of capabilities, including advanced weaponry, flight, and shape-shifting abilities. Some versions of the Sentinels are even capable of adapting to the powers of the mutants they are fighting, making them a formidable opponent.


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flow and resistanceHUVVA
Almost: 1. Flow in of itself does not cause a build up of pressure at the pump; it is the Downstream Resistance to this Flow; this is the part of the pressure that causes heat in the system. 2.the other component is the pressure required to do the work such as in a hydraulic cylinder or a hydraulic motor; for the most part this pressure does not cause heat. Obviously any leakage in either work device would contribute to heat (resistance to flow) and not work.
The pump curve and the system curve determine the operating pressure and flow. The operating point is where the two curves intersect.
I agree with your comment and appreciate it but I believe that is a step ahead of the question.Ex. #1: The pump puts out flow (1 GPM). If it is routed directly to tank through a 3" tube - no work, negligible resistance to flow = negligible pressure at the pump outlet.Ex. #2: The pump puts out flow (10 GPM). If it is routed directly to the inlet of a motor, through the motor, and back to tank through a 1/2" tube. Pressure at the pump = Pressure to do work plus Pressure to get flow to and from the motor (or from the motor to tank).Again, I fully agree with your comment but believe it's useful to understand this principle so it can be used to help determine the "system curve" that you discuss.
So the pump curve is determined by the pump and should be provided by the manufacturer.The system curve is the "resistance to flow" as a function of flow. So how does hydraulic harry compute the system curve? This may be more math than what hydraulic harry can do. Can the VCCM equation be used to generate a system curve?This topic would make a good H&P article since it applies to bang-bang systems without accumulators.
I think there is a lot going on here so I will keep my comments directed at the question. I am familiar with 3 types of pumps: fixed volume, variable volume pressure compensated, and variable volume via electrical, pressure, or manual control.All 3 types of pumps supply oil to the system usually called flow. If each pump outlet was connected directly to the reservoir with a relatively big line vs its flow rate, there would be no resistance to flow(actually negligible would be more correct) and there would be no work being done. The pressure at the pump outlet would be approx. 0 PSI in all 3 cases.If we add a flow control in each line we can change the resistance to flow and the pressure at the pump outlet. In addition to the resistance if we add work in the loop, for example a motor turning a fan, we can affect pressure at the pump outlet by changing the drag on the fan.The type of pump used may change its flow output based on the pressure it sees and even limit max. pressure but the pump does not determine the pressure.Having said all that its probably correct to say that in the case of a pressure compensated pump the pump limits the max. pressure. However the pressure at the pump outlet is still determined by the resistance to its flow and the work that the flow is causing.
That assumes the pump has necessary power. It is a one sided argument. If I increase the resistance to flow to infinity do I get infinite pressure? No! Pumps don't have infinite power.The pump has equal say in determining the pressure. If the pump is turned off there is no pressure. If the pump power is reduced so will the pressure.That is why this topic really must be discussed in terms of the pump curve and the system curve and where the two intersect.
I appreciate your comments."The pump has equal say in determining the pressure. If the pump is turned off there is no pressure."I don't understand how this can be correct.Fixed Displacement Pump puts out so much flow per revolution. An external relief is used to limit max pressure to protect the pump and system. The pump puts out flow/rev and has no say in the pressure.Pressure Comp Pump puts out so much flow per revolution until outlet pressure approches the compensator setting. The compensator limits max pressure. Below compensator pressure the pump has no say in the outlet pressure.If the pump is turned off, there is no pressure because there is no flow.
_URL_ am not making this stuff up.Your fixed displacement pump example doesn't invalidate the pump and system curve. What you have done is changed the system curve. Power the fixed displacement pump with a variable frequency drive. You can then add as much power to the system as you want to the limit of the VFD. As speed is increased the operating point will move up the system curve and the pressure will increase until the pressure opens the relief valve. Here the normal system curve changes and become a nearly horizontal line rising slight to the right.If the fixed displacement pump changes from stopped to some fixed RPM and the operating point may skip the part were the pressure increases and just go to the point where the oil is relieved. That doesn't mean the pump curve and the system curve doesn't exist. You just skipped over it.The pressure compensated pump is similar to a fixed displacement pump except the displacement is not fixed. The pump curve at any displacement is like that of a fixed displacement pump where the curve is almost a horizontal line. In the compensator or proportional band the displacement is variable. This moves the pump curve up and down. What makes this trickier is that the system curve is often changing which is why a pressure compensate pump is used. The pressure compensate pump adapts.Why the resistance to what is obvious? If the pump doesn't add energy to the system there will be no energy to dissipate on the form of work or heat. The pump has equal say in what the pressure will be. In some cases the pump is driven by a motor that runs at only one RPM so there are only two choices. Off, no pressure, or at the flow and pressure determined by the pump and system curves at the operating RPM. The trick to finding steady state operation is to calculate the pump curve and system curves and determine where the two intersect.My first hydraulic system used vane pumps and ran at three speeds, Off, low speed and high speed. The system curve never changed. The pump speeds controlled everything.
I read your last comment a couple of times; again, thanks.I agree with most of it.However,in the 3rd paragragh you say "This moves the pump curve up and down". I disagree. At a given pump RPM and compensator setting, the pump curve is fixed."What makes this trickier is that the system curve is often changing which is why a pressure compensate pump is used. The pressure compensate pump adapts." I agree 100%"The trick to finding steady state operation is to calculate the pump curve and system curves and determine where the two intersect." The pump curve doesn't need to be calculated; it is in the manufacturer's data. You described the pressure compensated part of the curve perfectly. In addition, the horizontal part of the curve moves up and down with pump RPM. The vertical part of the curve moves left and right with the compensator setting. At a fixed RPM and fixed compensator setting, the pump curve is fixed.Every comment about the system curve I agree with. You mention my "resistance to the obvious"; there is none. I am trying to learn from you as well.
Oops, I screwed up. I got my directions mess up.A fixed displacement pump had an almost vertical pump curve, not horizontal. The relief valve response is part of the system curve.Hopefully the relief valve is activated before the pump power is exceeded.I screwed up the compensator pump section too. The compensator pump curve slopes down to the right depending on the rate flow and the pressure drop required to get that flow.
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On formal stability of stratified shear flows
Hirofumi Sakuma, Yasuhide Fukumoto
研究成果: Contribution to journalArticle査読
抄録
A novel linear stability criterion is established for the equilibria of general three-dimen- sional (3D) rotating ows of an ideal gas satisfying Boyle–Charles' law by a newly refined energy-Casimir convexity (ECC) method that can exploit a larger class of Casimir in- variants. As the conventional ECC method cannot be applied directly to stratified shear ows, in our new approach, rather than checking the local convexity of a Lyapunov func- tional L ≡ E + CE defined as a sum of the total energy and a certain Casimir, we seek the condition for nonexistence of unstable manifolds: orbits (physically realisable ow in phase space) on the leaves of invariants including L as well as other Casimirs connecting a given equilibrium point O and other points in the neighbourhood of it. We argue that the separatrices of the second variation of L (δ2L = 0) generally consist of such unstable manifolds as well as pseudo unstable ones for which either the total energy or Casimirs actually serve as a barrier for escaping orbits. The significance of the new method lies in the fact that it eliminates the latter so as to derive a condition for O being an isolated equilibrium point in terms of orbital connections.
本文言語英語
ページ（範囲）605-633
ページ数29
ジャーナルPublications of the Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences
51
4
DOI
出版ステータス出版済み - 1 1 2015
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
 - Mathematics(all)
フィンガープリント 「On formal stability of stratified shear flows」の研究トピックを掘り下げます。これらがまとまってユニークなフィンガープリントを構成します。
引用スタイル


2
Apologies in advance as I am not a GIS specialist by any means. I have a set of 1 million points and I'm trying to find their values in a geotiff raster. I've tried various versions of this answer involving affine transformations: _URL_
def retrieve_pixel_value(geo_coord, data_source):
 """Return floating-point value that corresponds to given point."""
 x, y = geo_coord[0], geo_coord[1]
 forward_transform = \
 affine.Affine.from_gdal(*data_source.GetGeoTransform())
 reverse_transform = ~forward_transform
 px, py = reverse_transform * (x, y)
 px, py = int(px + 0.5), int(py + 0.5)
 pixel_coord = px, py
 data_array = np.array(data_source.GetRasterBand(1).ReadAsArray())
 return data_array[pixel_coord[0]][pixel_coord[1]]
This isn't ideal since it's point by point querying but it's better than nothing. The problem I'm having, however, is that it's not returning the correct values.
As a sanity check, I used some WRF data that had lat/long layers and queried various points and the resultant lat/long that is supposed to be the nearest coordinates in the WRF data are very far off from where they should be. e.g. inputting 33.77864,-117.33142 returns 38.72556, -115.75209 (the range of this layer is 32.597065 to 39.3944,-121.413025 to -113.04607, so there should be much closer matches). Furthermore, switching lat long as inputs doesn't drastically change the return value (when switched, returns 34.820377,-120.55661). Like I said, not an expert, but to me this seems like I'm using the wrong coordinate system as inputs. Does anyone know a way to convert lat long to the appropriate coordinates to find values in a raster?
I realize this isn't the most efficient way to do a list query on a big db, given the original problem of finding raster values for 1 million points, is there a more GIS-ish way to do this?
 - I couldn't quite follow the steps in your 'sanity check', but it's certainly critical that the points and the raster share the same coordinate system. It sounds like your points are long/lat; have you checked your raster's system? Also you're reading the entire array and calculating the same transform for every point. Pass the array to your function instead of the datasource or try ReadAsArray(xoff=px, yoff=py). – davemfish May 17 '19 at 1:20
3
Assuming that your raster is not skewed, i.e. both the third and fifth values of the Geotransform are zero, and that your points and raster share the same coordinate system (as @davemfish pointed out), you can leverage numpy to access all the values without the need of using a for loop.
The following snippet shows how to calculate the raster values for each point. It does this by calculating the index of each point in the array containing the raster values and then indexing the array to get the value of each point. However, numpy vectorizes this operations, resulting in a much faster result than a loop.
Note: assume that x and y are both 1D numpy arrays containing the longitudes and latitudes, respectively, for your points.
import gdal
import numpy as np
def get_indices(x, y, ox, oy, pw, ph):
 """
 Gets the row (i) and column (j) indices in an array for a given set of coordinates.
 Based on _URL_
 :param x: array of x coordinates (longitude)
 :param y: array of y coordinates (latitude)
 :param ox: raster x origin
 :param oy: raster y origin
 :param pw: raster pixel width
 :param ph: raster pixel height
 :return: row (i) and column (j) indices
 """
 i = np.floor((oy-y) / ph).astype('int')
 j = np.floor((x-ox) / pw).astype('int')
 return i, j
# read data and geotransform
ds = gdal.Open('my_raster.tif', 0)
arr = ds.ReadAsArray()
xmin, xres, xskew, ymax, yskew, yres = ds.GetGeoTransform()
del ds
# calculate indices and index array
indices = get_indices(x, y, xmin, ymax, xres, -yres)
values = arr[indices]
Take into account that all of your points have to be within your raster. Otherwise you will get negative indices or indices out of bounds.
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Cell axial pressurization fans play a vital role in creating a well-ventilated environment. They are commonly used in various industries, including manufacturing, agriculture, and construction. This article will cover everything you need to know about cell axial pressurization fans, including how they work, their benefits, and the different types available.
What are cell axial pressurization fans?
Cell axial pressurization fans are high-volume, low-pressure fans designed to create positive pressure within a building or enclosed space. They are used to improve ventilation and control the air quality of the area. The fans work by drawing in fresh air from outside and pushing out stale air. The positive pressure created by the fans can also prevent contaminants, such as dust, smoke, or fumes, from entering the space.
How do cell axial pressurization fans work?
Cell axial pressurization fans work by creating positive pressure within the building or enclosed space. The fans are typically installed in the exterior walls of the building, and they are connected to ducts that draw in fresh air from outside. The fans then push this fresh air into the building, creating positive pressure that helps to keep the indoor air clean and free from contaminants.
The fans can also be equipped with filters to remove particles and other contaminants from the incoming air. This ensures that the air that is circulated within the building is of high quality.
Benefits of using cell axial pressurization fans
There are several benefits to using cell axial pressurization fans in your building or enclosed space. One of the primary benefits is improved ventilation. By creating positive pressure within the building, the fans can help to circulate fresh air and remove stale air. This can help to prevent the buildup of pollutants and allergens, which can cause health problems.
Another benefit of using pressurization fans is that they can help to control the temperature of the building. By circulating fresh air, the fans can help to regulate the temperature and prevent hot or cold spots from developing.
Finally, pressurization fans can also help to reduce energy costs. By circulating fresh air, the fans can help to reduce the load on air conditioning systems and other climate control systems, leading to lower energy consumption and costs.
Types of cell axial pressurization fans
There are several types of cell axial pressurization fans available, each designed for different applications. Some of the most common types include:
Wall-mounted fans: These fans are mounted on the exterior walls of the building and are typically used to create positive pressure in smaller spaces.
Duct-mounted fans: These fans are mounted in the ductwork and are used to create positive pressure in larger spaces.
Roof-mounted fans: These fans are mounted on the roof of the building and are used to create positive pressure in larger spaces.
When selecting a pressurization fan, it is important to consider the size of the space, the amount of ventilation required, and the types of contaminants that may be present.
In conclusion, pressurization fans play a crucial role in creating a well-ventilated environment. By creating positive pressure within the building, the fans can help to circulate fresh air and remove contaminants, leading to improved air quality and a healthier environment. With different types available, it is important to select the right fan for your space and specific needs. By choosing the right fan, you can enjoy improved ventilation, temperature control, and energy savings
Whether you are managing an industrial facility, a farm, or a commercial building, cell axial pressurization fans are an important investment that can provide long-term benefits.
When installing pressurization fans, it is important to ensure that they are properly sized and installed for optimal performance. Professional installation is highly recommended, as a poorly installed or undersized fan can result in inefficient ventilation, increased energy costs, and even health and safety hazards.
In addition to proper installation, regular maintenance of the fans is important to ensure they continue to operate at peak performance. This may include replacing filters, cleaning the fans and ductwork, and inspecting the fan components for signs of wear or damage.
In summary, pressurization fans are a valuable tool for improving ventilation and maintaining indoor air quality in a wide range of applications. By understanding how they work, their benefits, and the different types available, you can make an informed decision when selecting and installing a fan in your building or enclosed space. With proper installation and maintenance, a pressurization fan can provide efficient and effective ventilation for many years to come.


Can You Solve "The Hardest Logic Puzzle In The World"?
Posted by Michael Avery in Puzzle On 10th February 2017
Logic Puzzles are always so frustrating and confusing, you try to solve them and you fail multiple times, but for some odd reason, you just can't stop trying until you solve it, or smash every single thing around you.
The Green-Eyed Logic Puzzle
A lot of logic puzzles might seem not logical at all, but the
"The Green-Eyed Logic Puzzle" is perfectly logical. It's basically an
island of perfectly logical people or in some cases Dragons, who have both blue
or green eyes, and these people have been detained on an island since birth.
This island has rules, only green-eyed people are allowed to
leave, and only when something dangerous occurs. The whole process is : green
eyed people have to go alone when the sun goes down to a guard booth, and then
the guards will proceed to examine them to check if they truly are green-eyed,
or throw them in a volcano in case they're not. But the twist is : no one
actually knows their own eye color, and discussing that subject is forbidden,
they are only allowed to leave at night, and the only hints they get is from
outsiders who visit the island.
There are no tricks at all, everything is logical and clear.
How did you do?


text:
and analysis, I have compiled a list of the best value diving binoculars that are ideal for underwater exploration and a must-have in any scuba diver's gear. These binoculars offer excellent quality and performance while providing great value for money. Whether you're an avid diver or just starting out, these top choices will enhance your underwater observation experience.
- BrandX Diving Binoculars: These binoculars are specifically designed for diving and offer exceptional waterproofing and fog-resistance capabilities. With a high-quality lens and coating, they provide clear images with excellent contrast, even in low-light conditions. The ergonomic design and comfortable eye relief make them perfect for prolonged usage, while their lightweight construction ensures minimal strain.
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These top choices for value diving binoculars provide exceptional performance and durability, making them essential gear for any scuba diver. Their reliability, clarity, and convenience ensure a great diving experience, allowing you to explore the underwater world with confidence and precision.
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When it comes to lens quality, prioritize binoculars with high-quality lenses that provide clear images with good contrast and compatibility with low-light conditions. Additionally, choose binoculars with lens coatings that reduce the amount of reflected light and allow more light to enter, enhancing visibility underwater.
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By taking all these factors into account, you can make an informed decision and choose the best diving binoculars that meet your needs for underwater observation. So, dive in with confidence and enjoy the wonders of the underwater world with your new binoculars!
What are the factors to consider when choosing diving binoculars?
When choosing diving binoculars, it's important to consider factors such as waterproofing, fog-resistance, lens quality and coating, magnification and lens size, weight and comfort, and tripod compatibility.
Why is lens quality and coating important in diving binoculars?
Lens quality and coating are important in diving binoculars as they ensure clear images with good contrast and compatibility with low-light conditions. The coating reduces reflected light and allows more light to enter the lens, improving visibility.
How does magnification and lens size affect diving binoculars?
Magnification determines the level of zoom and is crucial for objects farther away. Higher magnification may require a tripod. Lens size affects the brightness of the image, and it's important to choose a lens size that balances magnification and brightness.
Why is waterproofing and fog-resistance important in diving binoculars?
Waterproofing and fog-resistance are essential for diving binoculars as exposure to water and fog can damage regular binoculars. These features ensure the binoculars can withstand the underwater environment without compromising performance.
What should I consider for weight and comfort in diving binoculars?
When choosing diving binoculars, consider their weight to ensure prolonged usage without excessive strain. Look for models with comfortable eye relief and tripod compatibility for added convenience during underwater observation.
What are some top choices for value diving binoculars?
Some top choices for value diving binoculars include [insert examples of specific models or brands here]. These binoculars are highly recommended for their quality, performance, and suitability for aquatic exploration during scuba diving.


text:
Irish Fiddle Lessons - Ian Walsh teaches the Irish Hornpipe The Golden Eagle.
Tags:How to Play the Song "The Golden Eagle" on an Iris,Ian Walsh,irish Fiddle Lesson,Learn To Play Fiddle,Learning Irish Fiddle,The Golden Eagle,Violin fiddle lessons
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Hi! Welcome to OnLineLessonVideos.com. I'm Ian Walsh and I'm going to teach an Irish tune today on the fiddle. It's called the Golden Eagle and it's a horn pipe. We'll play it in the key of G.
I'll start off by playing you a sample of the tune along to a quick track that I've set at about 70 beats per minute. So here we go with the Golden Eagle.
Let's begin by leading into this tune with some pickup notes. We'll start on the C, this is on the A string here. You work up A, B, C which plays right next to your first finger pretty much right on top of it. So that could be our first note and we'll start with the triplet here. So three notes and then we'll go to the G. So let's just cycle through that a few times [Demonstration]. Try sliding into your first note, the C and I'll give it a little bit of an aggressive edge [Demonstration].
Let's take a look at another section here, we go down to our B on the g string and we play. So we're crossing three strings, pretty quickly there and I'm not doing anything special with my bow. I'm keeping my bow movement short and I'm working at the top of my bow but I'm not slurring any notes, I'm going straight up and down here. So from B [Demonstration], so those notes are B, D, G, B.
Let's take a look at another section here. We start with the open D. This is a little bit easier, you're only working across two strings and you're using your first and third fingers.
Let's take a look at another one. This is more or less a G arpeggio and it starts on the G on the d string and we play [Demonstration]. So again, you're moving across three strings here ending on the e string on that G note with your second finger.
So let's go back to the beginning here and we'll look at that pickup note, the C, B, A down to your first note of the tune, the G. Take a look at the second little section. You go down to that low B and all the way up to the B again. Then we look here to the low D [Demonstration] and then finally we have that G arpeggio [Demonstration].
Notice I'm leaving my fingers down on the A string here. You can visualize two of the double stamps that are readily apparent here for the G. You can use a G with a D with your A and your E string or you can do the G and the B. Leaving your fingers down can be good practice for getting your fingers just on the individual strings.
Let's put all of these together and see what it sounds like. I'll count us in, one, two, three, [Demonstration] one, two, three [Demonstration]. One more time, one, two, three [Demonstration]


#();
 else
 pair(old-list.head, my-copy-sequence(old-list.tail));
 end if;
end method my-copy-sequence;
Note that recursion can be just as efficient as iteration. For example, consider the function my-reverse, which creates a new list with elements in the reverse order from the list you supply.
define method my-reverse (old-list :: <list>) => (reversed-list :: <list>)
 local method rev (old :: <list>, results :: <list>)
 if (empty?(old)) results else rev(old.tail, pair(old.head, results)) end;
 end method;
 rev(old-list, #());
end method my-reverse;
The local method declaration inside the my-reverse method defines a function that is bound to the name rev only within a scope of the body of my-reverse. This declaration is different from define method, which creates module bindings that can be accessed outside the lexical scope of where they are defined.
The local method rev calls itself as the last expression in its body. Thus, the rev method can be optimized by the Dylan compiler into code that is exactly as efficient as if it was written with iteration.
Alternative ways of defining the my-reverse function are discussed in Reversal of sequences.
Using map and curry
Perhaps the easiest way to implement our simple sequence copier is to use the map function. The map function takes the same arguments as does do. However, instead of ignoring the return value of the function that you provide, map gathers into a new collection all the results of calling the provided function. The new collection will be an instance of the type-for-copy of the first collection argument to map.
define method my-copy-sequence
 (old-sequence :: <sequence>) => (new-sequence :: <sequence>)
 map(identity, old-sequence);
end method my-copy-sequence;
The identity function simply returns its argument without making any changes. A more interesting example is to define a method that multiplies a number by each element of a vector, yielding a new vector with the products. Here is a sample call to scalar-multiply, which we define next:
? scalar-multiply(3, #[4, 5, 6]);
=> #[12, 15, 18]
Here is our definition of scalar-multiply, using map:
define method scalar-multiply
 (scalar :: <number>, old-vector :: <vector>) => (result :: <vector>)
 map(method (vector-element) scalar * vector-element end,
 old-vector);
end method scalar-multiply;
We use the method statement to create a kind of function (a closure) that multiplies scalar by an element of the vector provided by map. The map iterator then calls that function on each element of old-vector, collecting the results in a new sequence. A variant of map, called map-into, replaces elements in an existing collection, rather than creating a new collection for the results. See Basic collection methods, for an example of the use of map-into.
We can define this method more succinctly using curry, which is a function that generates a function:
define method scalar-multiply
 (scalar :: <number>, old-vector :: <vector>) => (result :: <vector>)
 map(curry(\*, scalar), old-vector);
end method scalar-multiply;
The curry function in this example creates exactly the same method as the one that we created in the previous definition of scalar-multiply. That is, curry(\*, scalar) builds a function that multiplies its argument by scalar. This generated function is then used by map to compute the value of each element of the new sequence.
Mapping functions such as do and map work well when you want to operate over the entire collection. The map function works well only if there is a one-to-one correspondence between input-collection sizes and output-collection size. However, the other techniques that we have presented, such as using for and while, can work better when you want to operate on only part of a sequence. In A sequence copier that can copy a portion of a sequence, we take another look at how a for loop can help us to solve the problem of iterating over only part of a collection.
A sequence copier that can copy a portion of a sequence
The copy-sequence generic function provided by Dylan actually takes keyword arguments that allow only a portion of the sequence to be copied. Here is an example:
? copy-sequence("airport", start: 3);
=> "port"
? copy-sequence("snow", start: 1, end: 3);
=> "no"
In the following, we use a for loop with two iteration clauses to implement the more flexible version of the general purpose my-copy-sequence:
define method my-copy-sequence
 (old-sequence :: <sequence>,
 #key start = 0, end: limit = old-sequence.size)
 => (new-sequence :: <sequence>)
 let new-sequence = make(type-for-copy(old-sequence), size: limit - start);
 for (source-index from start below limit,
 destination-index from 0)
 new-sequence[destination-index] := old-sequence[source-index];
 end for;
 new-sequence;
end method my-copy-sequence;
In the preceding example, we force the keyword parameter end: to bind the variable limit, rather than binding end. It is illegal to use end as a variable name, because end is one of a few reserved words in Dylan. In the body of the for loop, source-index will range from start to 1 less than limit, and destination-index will range from 0 to 1 less then limit minus start, which is the length of the new sequence being created.
Changes to a generic function's signature
Note that the my-copy-sequence method defined in A sequence copier that can copy a portion of a sequence has a parameter list that is not congruent with the parameter list of the generic function. That is, that method accepts the start: and end: keyword arguments, when previously only required arguments were allowed for that generic function. We did not explicitly define the my-copy-sequence generic function; Dylan created the generic function implicitly, when we defined the first method for it, in Building our own copy-sequence. The generic function accepts two required parameters, and no keyword parameters.
When you need to change the signature of a generic function, you must change all the methods for that generic function to have a compatible signature. In our example, we would have to fix the my-copy-sequence method for lists to accept the start: and end: keyword arguments, and would have to change the methods to operate on only a portion of the list provided. For more information about the congruence rules for methods of a generic function, see Parameter-list congruence.
Manipulation of collections
Dylan provides an extensive library of functions that manipulate collections. In this section, we explore how to build complex collection functions from simpler ones, using the control-flow functions already shown in this chapter.
Reversal of sequences
Dylan provides two generic functions for reversing sequences: reverse, and reverse!. They both achieve the same objective, but reverse! is allowed to modify its argument, whereas reverse never modifies its argument.
? reverse("lever");
=> "revel"
? define variable *switch* = vector("switch", "on");
? reverse(*switch*);
=> #["on", "switch"]
? *switch*;
=> #["switch", "on"]
? reverse!(*switch*);
=> #["on", "switch"]
After the call to reverse!, the value of *switch* is not defined. Only the return value from reverse! will be meaningful. If we want *switch* to contain the reversed sequence, we must instead write
? *switch* := reverse!(*switch*);
=> #["on", "switch"]
? *switch*;
=> #["on", "switch"]
Note that reverse! cannot change the object to which *switch* refers; however, reverse! is allowed to alter the contents of that object. Also note that reverse! may not return the same object as that you provide as its argument. Consider the case of using reverse! on a list to see how this behavior can be useful.
How can we write our own version of reverse using the iteration techniques presented so far?
define method my-reverse (seq :: <sequence>) => (reversed-seq :: <sequence>)
 let reversed-seq = make(type-for-copy(seq), size: seq.size);
 for (destination-index from seq.size - 1 to 0 by -1,
 source-index from 0)
 reversed-seq[destination-index] := seq[source-index];
 end for;
 reversed-seq;
end method my-reverse;
Once again, this algorithm is fine for vectors and strings, but has poor performance for lists. Here is a special my-


text:
This inter-disciplinary and multi-disciplinary project aims to explore the processes by which we attempt to create meaning in chronic illness. The apparent increase in and diversity of chronic conditions calls for better understandings of the spaces between health and illness that chronic patients occupy, often for most of their lives. How can we articulate the tension between the biomedical model of chronicity and its embodied experience? What language and other forms of representation can we use to map, chart and begin to explore the meanings possible within such spaces? What insights can these provide to inform better chronic care management? What is the relationship between chronicity and wellbeing? How do individuals, societies and cultures make sense of chronicity?
The project will critically engage with a number of core themes:
- The Borderlands: Definitions, metaphors and actualities
- Understanding Chronic Illness
- Living with Chronic Illness
- Giving Chronic Illness voices
- Coping with Chronic Illness
Related themes will also be identified for development and exploration. Out of our deliberations it is anticipated that a series of related cross context research projects will develop.


Climate Stories in Translation
March 1, 2021
In this Field Note from PPEH Public Research Intern and climate storyteller Tsemone Ogbemi, she considers how climate stories and the art of translation overlap. Read on for an update on PPEH's My Climate Story/Doublespeak workshop, which expanded climate storytelling into the realm of literary translation.
Last year, on November 19th, 2020, Connor Hardy, Danny Cooper, Dr. Bethany Wiggin, and I led a climate storytelling workshop for the members of DoubleSpeak, a literary translation magazine run by Penn undergraduates. We prepared, as always, by carefully tailoring the standard My Climate Story workshop to our audience. With DoubleSpeak, that meant thinking through the existing parallels between climate storytelling and the art of translation. On the day of the workshop, DoubleSpeak members first learned what constitutes a climate story, and then they each wrote one in English, before beginning to translate it into a different language. We then went over the challenges of that endeavor in a constructive conversation afterwards.
In meetings before the workshop that I had with DoubleSpeak's editor-in-chief, Heta Patel, ahead of the workshop, we returned repeatedly to one idea: that a climate story--a narrative about a person's personal experience with climate change in a location with which they're familiar--already is a translation: a translation of emotions and sensations into words. Furthermore, we felt that climate stories are often closely tied to place. Since place is also a nexus of language and culture for many people, the language in which a climate story is told can be a crucial part of the final narrative.
The online submission form for climate stories is already available in over fifteen languages, so that contributors can tell their climate story in a language with which they feel comfortable. But while preparing for the DoubleSpeak workshop, we began to ask ourselves: what happens when we experience a climate story in one language and then have to translate it to another? What is lost, and what is gained through that transformation? What gaps arise? What do we learn by translating our climate stories?
Over winter break, DoubleSpeak members had the opportunity to further refine the climate stories that they had started writing during the November workshop and then submit them to a Google Form. These stories will be collected until Friday, March 12th and presented in a joint PPEH-DoubleSpeak publication later this spring.
Below is one example of a climate story in translation, written originally in English and then translated into Chinese by Chardonnay Needler:
An overhead view of rocks and sand at a beach. A hiking shoe steps into the frame at the top of the image.
Looking down at the sand and rocks at Pebble Beach in Monterey, CA, where dried bits of oil wash up with the high tide. Photograph courtesy of Chardonnay Needler.
Rocks Have Oil, Too
I'm back. Back to the beaches of Monterey, where I've spent countless childhood summers dipping my toes in the cold water, running gaily as any girl can up and down the rocks — trying to find the crabs that reside within them.
My size 9.5 women's boots touch against speckled pieces of black—
Encrusted on the rocks.
I do not remove my boots.
I do not tread gaily on these rocks.
I do not see any crabs, at least not any living in these micro-crags.
Black oil,
The black of calligraphy ink
Drips across stones of time immemorial.
God is not the only painter.
Man's graffiti covers.
Man covers even the never-has-lived
I traverse these stones,
Trying to escape the rising waves.
Why won't the water stop rising?
Why is it chasing me?
Why are the grey and brown stones becoming blotched with
Botched by
Black oil?
It's over.
Big Sur is empty, and I am still asleep on the sand, the same place I'd fallen at.
The sea mist softens everything;
there are no masts;
there are a myriad of birds on a rock in front of me;
there is a family of seals: the daddy seal emerged tirelessly from the depths, a fish in his mouth, glistening and devoted.
Little seal, don't open up your mouth to your children and say, "You've got this!"
Humans, don't add any more oil.
Chardonnay's accompanying translator's note reads, in part: "加油 is Chinese for 'let's go!' or like 'you've got this!' But it literally means 'add oil' — and this entire poem is about how I've seen oil overpower the rocks that I'd call home back in Monterey, one of the only areas that I've consistently visited my whole life." This kind of resonant double meaning is one of many ways in which the art of translation can capture the nuances of a climate story - many thanks to Chardonnay Needler.
The submission form for climate stories in translation is still open. Submissions will be accepted until Friday, March 12th.


text:
What would you do if every time you went to the bathroom you cried? One poor girl has to deal with this very issue:
In fact, a rare situation in which the eyes produce tears when a person passes urine may be more common that thought — because it's painless, and perhaps more of an inconvenience than anything else, people may be unlikely to seek medical help for it, researchers in England who dealt with the little girl's case reported today
The girl checks out as normal during an examination. And her condition is not new:
The problem began when the girl was just weeks old. An ultrasound of her kidneys revealed nothing abnormal, and there were no signs dry eyes or of any other medical problem.
The researchers searched the medical literature, and found only one other formal report of a similar case, from 1932. In that case, a young man who was a medical student reported a "copious flow of dears during defecation and urination."
Copious flow of dears? That last line has to be a typo. Of course, they mean tears. Or was a big crowd of folks thronging him when he was trying to conduct personal business? What could be called minding your pees and queues.
I tell you, these typos by professionals are enough to make me cry. Whhaaaa! Now I got to the bathroom. Wait, what is going on here? I thought it worked the other way...


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A 6-DOF robot-time optimal trajectory planning based on an improved genetic algorithm
Robotics and Biomimetics20185:3
_URL_
Received: 8 November 2017
Accepted: 14 May 2018
Published: 3 July 2018
Abstract
By using quintic polynomial function to interpolate several given points of each joint of the robot, the mathematical expressions of each joint variable of the robot with time are established. In addition, to improve the search algorithm performance crossover operator and mutation operator of the genetic algorithm are improved in cosine form. Furthermore, the improved adaptive genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the time interval of interpolation points of each joint, so as to realize time optimal trajectory planning. Moreover, MATLAB simulation is carried out, and the results show that the method proposed in this paper reduces the running time of the robot tasks. Meanwhile, the curves of angle position, velocity and acceleration of each joint are smooth enough, which ensure accomplish its tasks in a stable and efficient way.
Keywords
 - Industrial robot
 - Trajectory planning
 - Adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA)
 - Time optimal
Background
Robot trajectory planning usually refers to track points given several expectations and target pose, and timely adjust the rotation angle of each joint of the robot to the end effector at a prescribed trajectory followed by each point to eventually reach the target point. The trajectory planning in joint space is simpler and convenient than that of Cartesian space. Therefore, several fixed points which located at the end of several robotic arms are usually given. Then, these track points for the robot are computed by using the inverse kinematics so as to convert it from Cartesian space to joint coordinate space. Next, the track points are used to carry out interpolation operation using various spline functions, polynomial functions or other forms of curves, and the expressions about the time of each joint variable for the robot are obtained. In addition, in light of the mechanical characteristics of the robot, the speed and acceleration of each joint should be limited to the allowable range. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the speed and acceleration of each joint arm, not only to ensure the smooth operation of the joint arm but also to reduce the wear and impact to prolong the working life of the robot.
The method of optimal trajectory planning generally includes time optimal trajectory planning [13], energy minimum trajectory planning [3, 4] and impact minimum trajectory planning [5], or multi-objective trajectory optimization combining these estimation schemes. Among them, the optimal trajectory planning with the robot running time as main consideration is favored by many scholars. In recent years, many researchers have made some achievements in the field of robot trajectory planning. Tohfeh and Fakharian [6] constructed a function expression for the omnidirectional robot's energy dissipation by combining obstacle avoidance performance, and the optimization problem was transformed into a parameter minimization problem by the polynomial interpolation method, which provided a more effective way for the study of robot obstacle avoidance. However, due to the complexity of this method, there is a certain degree of difficulty in practice. Bende [7] studied a method of modeling underwater robot based on bond graph theory and optimized the model parameters with the genetic algorithm to obtain the optimized trajectory of the robot. Experiments were carried to show the significance of this method. Zhu and Liu [8] applied the seventh-order B-spline curve for the interpolation operation of robot's articulation arm trajectory and applied the sequential quadratic programming for the trajectory planning, which achieved the optimal planning goal and the angular displacement, velocity and acceleration curve of each joint of the robot are smoother.
In this paper, from the point of view of robot running time, the trajectory of robot joint is planned by the quintic polynomial interpolation under the premise of smooth operation of the manipulator, and the time interval of trajectory interpolation point is optimized by the improved adaptive genetic algorithm, so that the robot accomplishes task time as short as possible.
Model
In this paper, we consider PUMA560 robot as the research object, which belongs to a conventional six-arm-type robot. Its first three joints are used to determine the position of the robot end effector, and the latter three joints are used to determine its attitude. In order to make it easier to analyze the motion of articulation arm of the robot, it is necessary to establish the kinematic equation of the robot. The link pole coordinate system is established by D-H method, and through the translation, rotation and other coordinate transformation to establish the relationship between the coordinate system. The link pole coordinate system is shown in Fig. 1.
$$ \begin{aligned} {}^{0}T_{1} = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {c\theta_{1} } & { - s\theta_{1} } & 0 & 0 \\ {s\theta_{1} } & {c\theta_{1} } & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \end{array} } \right]\quad {}^{1}T_{2} = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {c\theta_{2} } & { - s\theta_{2} } & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & {d_{2} } \\ { - s\theta_{2} } & { - c\theta_{1} } & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \end{array} } \right] \hfill \\ {}^{2}T_{3} = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {c\theta_{3} } & { - s\theta_{3} } & 0 & {a_{2} } \\ {s\theta_{3} } & {c\theta_{3} } & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \end{array} } \right]\quad {}^{3}T_{4} = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {c\theta_{4} } & { - s\theta_{4} } & 0 & {a_{3} } \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & {d_{4} } \\ { - s\theta_{4} } & { - c\theta_{4} } & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \end{array} } \right] \hfill \\ {}^{4}T_{5} = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {c\theta_{5} } & { - s\theta_{5} } & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & { - 1} & 0 \\ {s\theta_{5} } & {c\theta_{5} } & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \end{array} } \right]\quad {}^{5}T_{6} = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {c\theta_{6} } & { - s\theta_{6} } & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ { - s\theta_{6} } & { - c\theta_{6} } & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \end{array} } \right] \hfill \\ \end{aligned} $$
(1)
Figure 1
Fig. 1
The link pole coordinate system of PUMA560 robot according to the link pole coordinate system of Fig. 1, the transformation matrix of each link can be obtained as follows
Multiplying the above transformation matrice in turn, the comprehensive transformation matrix of the PUMA560 robot is obtained:
$$ \begin{aligned} {}^{0}T_{6} & = {}^{0}T_{1} (\theta {}_{1})^{1} T_{2} (\theta {}_{2})^{2} T_{3} (\theta {}_{3})^{3} T_{4} (\theta {}_{4})^{4} T_{5} (\theta {}_{5})^{5} T_{6} (\theta {}_{6}) \\ & = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {n_{x} } & {o_{x} } & {a_{x} } & {p_{x} } \\ {n_{y} } & {o_{y} } & {a_{y} } & {p_{y} } \\ {n_{z} } & {o_{z} } & {a_{z} } & {p_{z} } \\


text:
On October 10th Spartan completed training their employees on inspection, testing, and maintaining Darley PURIFIRE® water purification systems to meet the rising demand for emergency vehicles to have water purification and decontamination capabilities.
Spartan employees being shown how to inspect the Darley PURIFIRE® Module.
Darley's 4S10F PURIFIRE Module is designed to supply drinking water from polluted surface water. The PURIFIRE is the first fire truck integrated water purification system. The system uses advanced filtration and chemical-free disinfection technology to remove pollutants. The Module prefilters the water, reducing the sediment level down to 5 microns and then it's filtered again to reduce sediment level down to 1 micron. Finally, ultraviolet disinfection is applied, completing the purification process. The PURIFIRE 4S10F System blocks and remove 99.99 percent of pathogens from the water supply.
Darley PURIFIRE® Module shown properly working.
The Darley PURIFIRE Water Purification System is used to meet the rising demand for water purification systems for emergency responders. For more information, visit _URL_.


text:
The use and teaching of discourse markers in Hong Kong: students' production and teachers' perspectives
Fung, Loretta Po-yin (2003) The use and teaching of discourse markers in Hong Kong: students' production and teachers' perspectives. PhD thesis, University of Nottingham.
The present study attempts to investigate discourse markers from a functional and attitudinal perspective. Based on the pedagogical sub-corpus from CANCODE and the audio-recordings of class discussion of 49 secondary pupils in Hong Kong, Part I explores the roles discourse markers play in spoken discourse on a contextual basis and compares the different use of discourse markers by British and Hong Kong speakers of English using quantitative and qualitative methods. Discourse markers are found to serve as useful contextual coordinates to structure and organise speech on interpersonal (marking shared knowledge, attitudes and responses), referential (indicating textual relationships such as cause, contrast, coordination, digression, consequence, etc. ), structural (summarising opinions, marking sequence, opening and closing of topics, transition and continuation of topics) and cognitive (denoting hesitation and thinking process, marking reformulation, selfcorrection or elaboration, and assessing the listener's knowledge about the utterances) realms, bearing a probabilistic relationship with the various role(s) on a multifunctional dimension in pedagogic discourse. Functionally, non-native speakers are found to display a highly restricted use of discourse markers, especially those interactive ones (e.g. initial and, yeah, you know, ), whereas native speakers tend to use discourse markers more for a variety of pragmatic functions.
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surcoat, also spelled surcoteA man (left) wearing a surcoat with hanging sleeves and a woman (right) wearing a loose surcoat that reveals the sleeves of the garment underneath.Archives Photographiques, Parissleeved or sleeveless outer garment worn by European men and women during the 13th and 14th centuries. The surcoat for men was usually a tunic, or simple piece of material with a hole for the head, often worn over armour. For women, the surcoat was a more significant and characteristic garment, which originated in the 13th century as a voluminous outer cloak.
At the beginning of the 14th century, the armhole became a long vertical slit open to the hips, and the neck was cut low to create a narrow strip over the shoulders. The neck and armholes were frequently edged with fur or embroidery, sometimes elaborately. The skirt fell in loose folds from the hips. The sideless surcoat, popular for more than 90 years and often decorated with a row of buttons or jewels, offered an attractive contrast to the garment showing underneath.


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Web Omelette: TypedData in Drupal 8 (and 9)
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This is an excerpt from my book: Drupal 8 module development – second edition. Do check out the rest of the book/chapter to see how you can write automated tests in Drupal 8.
In order to really understand how entity data is modelled, we need to understand the TypedData API. Unfortunately, this API still remains quite a mystery for many. But you're in luck because, in this section, we're going to get to the bottom of it.
Why TypedData?
It helps to understand things better if we first talk about why there was the need for this API. It all has to do with the way PHP as a language is, compared to others, and that is, loosely typed. This means that in PHP it is very difficult to use native language constructs to rely on the type of certain data or understand more about that data.
The difference between the string "1" and integer 1 is a very common example. We are often afraid of using the === sign to compare them because we never know what they actually come back as from the database or wherever. So, we either use == (which is not really good) or forcefully cast them to the same type and hope PHP will be able to get it right.
In PHP 7, we have type hinting for scalar values in function parameters which is good, but still not enough. Scalar values alone are not going to cut it if you think of the difference between _PHONE_ and _PHONE_. The first is a timestamp while the second is an integer. Even more importantly, the first has meaning while the second one does not. At least seemingly. Maybe I want it to have some meaning because it is the specific formatting for the IDs in my package tracking app.
Drupal was not exempt from the problems this loosely typed nature of PHP can create. Drupal 7 developers know very well what it meant to deal with field values in this way. But not anymore because we now have the TypedData API in Drupal.
What is TypedData?
The TypedData API is a low-level and generic API that essentially does two things from which a lot of power and flexibility is derived.
First, it wraps "values" of any kind of complexity. More importantly, it forms "values". This can be a simple scalar value to a multidimensional map of related values of different types that together are considered one value. Let's take, for example, a New York license plate: 405-307. This is a simple string but we "wrap" it with TypedData to give it meaning. In other words, we know programmatically that it is a license plate and not just a random PHP string. But wait, that plate number can be found in other states as well (possibly, I have no idea). So, in order to better define a plate, we need also a state code: NY. This is another simple string wrapped with TypedData to give it meaning—a state code. Together, they can become a slightly more complex piece of TypedData: US license plate, which has its own meaning.
Second, as you can probably infer, it gives meaning to the data that it wraps. If we continue our previous example, the US license plate TypedData now has plenty of meaning. So, we can programmatically ask it what it is and all sorts of other things about it, such as what is the state code for that plate. And the API facilitates this interaction with the data.
As I mentioned, from this flexibility, a lot of power can be built on top. Things like data validation are very important in Drupal and rely on TypedData. As we will see later in this chapter, validation happens at the TypedData level using constraints on the underlying data.
Check out the book for a getting a deeper understanding on how this API is used to model the entity system in Drupal.
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§4 ch10: Permanency Through Reunification
During the treatment planning process, the FST will identify specific resources to assist the family in accomplishing certain tasks and achieving stated goals. The FST should carefully consider the family's capacity to benefit from the resource and the capacity of the resource to meet the needs of the family. Example: A parent with limited reading and social skills and poor parenting skills would benefit more from Parents as Teachers than formalized parenting classes. Also, the Team should not overlook resources, which can be provided by other agencies, community organizations and natural helpers (family friends and kin).


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England's three new Highly Protected Marine Areas (HPMAs) come into effect today (5 July), extending the highest level of protection for marine species and habitats in three zones in the Irish Sea, North Sea, and English Channel: Allonby Bay, North East of Farnes Deep, and Dolphin Head.
The HPMA designations "represent a huge leap forward in the UK government's ambitious marine conservation targets and commitments to protecting our blue planet", according to UK Government agency DEFRA, and reflect the UK government's commitment to ambitious marine conservation targets set out in the Environmental Improvement Plan and 25 Year Environment Plan.
DEFRA argues that in addition to protecting biodiversity and contributing to climate change mitigation through "blue carbon" sequestration, the HPMA designations will also help to safeguard fish stocks in support of the UK's fishing industry. Taken together, the new HPMAs cover a total of 0.4% of English seas.
"Evidence has indicated that stronger protections can lead to more and larger species in English seas and surrounding waters, contributing to the long-term productivity and sustainability of our fisheries sector. For example, the Lyme Bay reserve – one of the largest areas protected from dredging and trawling in the UK – demonstrated higher levels of biodiversity within the reserve area than outside, conserving species such as pink sea fans, lobsters and scallops," a UK Government source said in a statement.
New HPMAs selected for blue carbon, biodiversity and nursery grounds for fish stocks
"Highly protected marine areas are a crucial part of marine protection measures," said UK Marine Minister Lord Benyon. "Today is a significant milestone for the UK as we ramp up action to recover our important marine ecosystems, and make sure species and habitats can thrive in healthy, diverse environments. This is a first step with more announcements to come."
In the Irish Sea, Allonby Bay is a 5.5 miles (8.9 km) crescent-shaped bay of the Solway Firth on the north-western shore of Cumbria, England. The 27.6 km2 HPMA was selected for its "blue carbon" habitats, according to DEFRA. Such habitats actively sequester and store carbon, contributing to global climate change mitigation efforts. Moreover, the protected site provides a habitat for a variety of shorebirds, including curlews and oystercatchers, drawn to its unique ecological features.
North East of Farnes Deep is an offshore HPMA covering a 492 km2 zone in the North Sea, approximately 55km from the coast of Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumberland. DEFRA notes that its HPMA designation is due to its "complex seabed habitat", with protection intended to benefit commercially important fish species like haddock, anglerfish, and surmullet by safeguarding crucial spawning and nursery grounds, thereby promoting their long-term sustainability.
The third HPMA, Dolphin Head, is also offshore, located in the English Channel approximately 55km south of Selsey Bill, West Sussex, and covering an area of 466km2. According to DEFRA, this marine zone has faced degradation due to activities such as trawling and scallop dredging, but as a protected area, it is capable of habitat and species recovery, supporting a diverse range of seabirds and marine mammals, including black-legged kittiwakes and harbour porpoises. Additionally, it encompasses feeding and nursery grounds for commercially significant fish species like cod, herring, and plaice, along with ecologically important habitats such as ross worm reefs.
Further English HMPAs will be considered, subject to public consultation, says UK Government
The implementation of Highly Protected Marine Areas aligns with international commitments, including the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, where the UK spearheaded efforts to protect at least 30% of the global ocean by 2030. Scientific evidence suggests that stronger protections in English seas and surrounding waters can contribute to increased biodiversity and the sustainability of the fisheries sector.
The UK government says the selection of the HPMAs was informed by careful consideration of a wide range of viewpoints through a 12-week consultation process. As the initial sites come into effect, the government says it remains committed to exploring further suitable areas for potential Highly Protected Marine Area designations, with any future options subject to consultation.
Previously five sites were under consideration as potential HPMAs in England, however objections from stakeholders and local fishing communities meant that at least one of these – Lindisfarne in Northumberland – was removed from the list.
Meanwhile, Scottish HMPAs shelved – for now
The news comes in the wake of controversy elsewhere in the British Isles over the designation of HPMAs.
In Scotland, plans to designate 10% of Scottish waters as highly protected zones by 2026 were recently scrapped, following protests from a coalition of industry organizations including the Scottish Fishermen's Federation, Salmon Scotland, Seafood Scotland, Scottish Association of Fish Producers' Organisations, Community Fisheries Inshore Alliance, and Scottish Seafood Association.
However, the Scottish Government said it remains "firmly committed tot he outcome of enhanced marine protection". Government sources say that their next steps will include seeking greater community and industry involvement in future HPMA proposals.
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Early Pliocene paleoceanography of the Vityaz Fracture Zone (VFZ), Central Indian Ridge
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Planktic foraminifera from the calcareous substrate of a ferromanganese crust in the Vityaz Fracture Zone (VFZ), Central Indian Ridge were studied to reconstruct the early Pliocene paleoceanography of this region. Eleven species of planktic foraminifera were encountered, among them Globorotalia menardii, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, Globigerina bulloides and Globigerinoides ruber are prominent. Predominance of N. dutertrei in the top 3 cm of the carbonate substrate is attributed to an influx of fresh water which eventually triggered their productivity by increasing the nutrient level. The presence of G. bulloides and G. menardii in significant proportions in deeper layers suggests the prevalence of open ocean upwelling. The bulk chemical compositions of the substrate at different depth intervals indicates higher enrichment of trace metals in the upper sections which could have been supplied through oceanic water by the chemical weathering of terrestrial matter during the peak of Pliocene Asian monsoon. Thus, it is concluded that during the early Pliocene the biogenic components of the substrate were distinctly contributed by both upwelling and productivity triggered by an influx of fresh water originating from the intensification of the Asian monsoon during the early Pliocene Period.
- Scholarly literature


How to Deal with Crowd Noise
Crowd noise can be a big challenge for road teams. Some stadiums and arenas can be very loud, making it hard to hear and communicate with your teammates. It can also be intimidating, which can negatively affect your emotions. As an athlete, you need to know how to deal with crowd noise so you can maintain peak performance.
The first thing you can do to deal with crowd noise better is to simply prepare for it. This is why many teams practice with artificial crowd noise during the week before a big road game. This gets players used to the noise so it doesn't bother them as much on game day. It also gives them the chance to improve their communication skills. This is very important because when the crowd is loud, you need to talk loud so your teammates can hear you clearly. You don't want to waste time repeating yourself, and you especially don't want any miscommunication. If you can do this, then you'll deal with the crowd noise quite well.
However, this isn't all that is needed. You also have to be able to emotionally cope with the crowd noise. You can't let the crowd distract, intimidate, or frustrate you. You have to learn how to focus on the task at hand and remain calm. Do not take the noise personally. It can help to think of the noise as neutral, meaning it isn't for you or against you. Or, during certain moments, you can pretend that the crowd is cheering for you, and use it to pump you up. You can also be motivated to "silence the crowd." Perhaps my biggest tip is to remember that the crowd noise is just noise. It shouldn't be able to affect your performance that much. YOU control your performance, not the people in the crowd. Focus just on you and your execution, and block out the crowd as best as you can.
If you prepare for crowd noise, get used to it, improve your communication skills, and improve your mental toughness and coping skills, then you'll be able to perform well even in the loudest stadiums and arenas!


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"Parameter Estimation of the Fitzhugh-Nagumo Model via a Perturbed Accelerated Gradient Descent Algorithm with an n-Dimensional Golden Section Search Method"
The Fitzhugh-Nagumo equations is a system of first-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations based on the researches of Fitzhugh and Nagumo et al. This reduced model captures the simplistic essence of neuronal spiking dependent on two variables, the membrane potential and the recovery variable.
From a collection of data points, the three parameters can be determined using the process of parameter estimation. This method minimizes the mean-squared difference between the data points and the solutions of the system. Researches by Ramsay et al. have shown the complexity and computational cost of this problem. The minimization may not converge properly using classic algorithms such as gradient descent and conjugate gradient. Hence, we propose a deterministic method that employs an accelerated gradient descent for iterating on the function surface and activates the local search to escape saddle points and local minima.
We apply the n-dimensional golden section search as the deterministic local search. It is a novel generalized technique for convex optimization by subsequently enclosing this optimum until convergence. Furthermore, partitioned n-spherical coordinate system is used which creates an adjusted smaller search
spaces as an equidistant ball centered on the iterate.
For the parameter estimation, the data points used is generated by applying noise to the deterministic solution of the system. The proposed algorithm, in comparison with other gradient-based methods such as the conjugate gradient and the steepest descent, highly performed in terms of its convergence, accuracy, and precision to the true value of the parameters amidst increasing noise level.


text: The Archives of Michigan collects and preserves election records dating back to the beginning Michigan's statehood--1835. These records include precinct level voting results for each statewide election. These records are valuable to people who are studying trends in voting behavior and population changes. However, one very important piece of documentation is missing from the Archives' holdings--precinct level maps that identify the boundaries of each precinct at the time of an election. Without these maps, it is difficult (if not impossible) to compare the precinct level results from different election years to each other. Instead analysis must be done at the county level.


How to turn data into decisions
Your readers often decide what to do because of what feels right, not just what adds up.
How to turn data into decisions
Finance professionals are skilled at assessing, evaluating, and measuring. But it's often the things we can't quantify that determine our success in helping people make decisions and take action.
In a previous article, I introduced the idea of communicating with a human touch. That article describes how clear, persuasive writing helps financial professionals provide value by turning information into knowledge.
Knowledge embodies qualities like perceptions, benefits, insight, trust, and confidence. Those characteristics are hard to define and difficult to measure. Yet, they significantly influence the decisions your readers make.
Clear writing gives your data and recommendations balance by adding those unquantifiable qualities to the facts and conclusions you provide.
Here are three ways to add the unquantifiable to your writing.
Use words with intention. You have a nearly infinite assortment of words available to you. By words, I mean all of the shapes and images you use to communicate — words, numbers, charts, graphs, photos, emojis, and illustrations — and most of them are free!
Keep in mind, it's likely your reader will define words differently from the way you do, and vague statements result in vague responses. So choose your words with purpose to support your message.
If you want to encourage your reader to make a specific decision by a specific date, use specific words. Asking your CEO to review your financial forecast at the earliest convenience is vague. It hides the action you expect, blurs your sense of urgency, and muddles your message.
Instead, clearly define the action you expect, and give your reader a specific time, date, reason, and even method for giving you the response you want.
So, you might write something like:
Thanks for your time meeting with me yesterday. I attached the revised Q3 financial forecast based on our discussion. Please take a look at the revenue updates we talked about on pages 4-6.
If you approve as is, just reply with your OK. Or, if you have changes, please note them in red, and email them to me by noon Thursday, 24 January.
I'll have the final printed copies ready for the board meeting Friday morning.
By using words with intention you make it easier for your readers to understand your expectations. Your readers know they can rely on you to be clear and specific in your communication.
And the more you do that, the more you create a bond built on confidence and trust.
Develop a distinct and consistent style. It's a strong position for you when your readers learn to expect and rely on a distinct point of view, outlook, and perspective from you. Achieving that takes more than presenting detailed facts, and insightful conclusions.
You also want to develop a style and tone that helps make your writing more accessible and your ideas more salient.
One way you can develop your own writing style is by getting inspiration from others. I encourage you to read from a writer's perspective. That means pay attention to writing you like and examine why you like it.
What kinds of words does the writer use? How does the writer transition from one idea to the next? How does the writer keep you engaged, interested, and wanting to know more?
Use that inspiration to add the same kinds of techniques to your own writing. I'm not suggesting you plagiarise, but rather, learn from others whose writing you admire.
Also, keep an eye on writing you don't like. You may find yourself sitting on a plane glancing through an article on a topic that interests you. But the article is uninspiring. In this case, examine why you don't like it. Is it full of meaningless jargon and clichés? Does the writer make vague references with no connections or relevance? Are the ideas out of order, and the logic difficult to follow?
If you look closely at what you read, and pay attention to what keeps you engaged — and what doesn't — you'll get ideas you can use to shape your own writing style.
Once you develop a clear and distinctive voice, your writing will become more of a conversation between two people, rather than merely a list of facts. Creating that distinct and consistent style will help your readers feel they know you, and can trust you.
Think like a salesperson. Although you're not out hawking your organisation's products and services, you are fundamentally a salesperson. We all are.
Here's a basic definition of sales: I give you something. You give me something. We're both happy. And what is the most treasured asset you ask people to give you every day?
Their time.
In exchange, you must give your readers something of equal or greater value. Your readers will assess the value you give them in large part by how you present information to help transform disparate data into clear, decision-making criteria. So they can focus less on trying to understand the information, and concentrate more on how the information will influence their decisions.
Think of it as the user experience — in the same way car companies spend millions on television ads to help you feel what it's like to sit behind the wheel and drive. Or a computer company uses animation and bold graphics to give you the experience of holding and typing on their newest ultra-thin laptop. Great advertising is great storytelling.
You can use clear writing to tell a story about how your reader will follow, process, understand, and use the information you provide. And all great stories have three primary parts — a beginning, a middle, and an end.
Your beginning is context — show your reader why you are writing and what you want the reader to learn. The middle is where you describe how you sourced your data and arrived at your conclusions. The end is when you show your reader how and why the facts are related, how they affect decisions, the benefits the outcome will achieve, and the decision you recommend.
This gives your readers the guidance they need, and positions you as a reliable resource — one they can turn to and trust for insight, perspective, and advice.
By presenting your ideas with the reader's perspective in mind, and transforming information into insight, you add empathy to your writing. And that lets your readers feel you understand their perspectives and the challenges they face.
So, as you plan your next memorandum to the executive team about last quarter's most active revenue sectors and your recommendations for fiscal-year planning, consider using these three ideas to determine how you want your audience to feel, not just what you want them to know.
John Sturtevant provides communication skills workshops for organisations around the world and is based in the US. To comment on this article or to suggest an idea for another article, contact Drew Adamek, an FM magazine senior editor, at


can achieve this by writing a...
PHP is stands for Hypertext Preprocessor.PHP is a widely-used, open source scripting language.PHP scripts are executed on the server. PHP is a powerful server-side scripting language for creating dynamic and interactive websites. PHP is the widely-used, free, ...
To change the color and style of plot lines in Matplotlib, you can use various options and parameters provided by the library. Here is an explanation of how you can achieve this:Changing the color of plot lines: Matplotlib allows you to specify the color of li...


Prior Criminal Convictions as a Bar to Employment
Can an Employer use a person's prior criminal convictions as a bar to employment? The answer to that question requires further thought. In some situations, an Employer can use a person's prior conviction as a bar to employment. However, in some situations, the Employer is not allowed to. The reason an Employer is allowed to consider prior convictions in certain circumstances is because of the Pennsylvania Criminal History Record Information Act Handbook ("CHRIA"), also found at 18 Pa. C.S.A. §9101 et seq.
A preliminary background of CHRIA shows that Chapter 91 of the Crimes Code of Pennsylvania and Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes Annotated was adopted in January of 1980. The purpose of this Act is to protect criminal history information for all persons in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. This Act says when an Employer may or may not bar employment to a person when such person has a prior criminal background.
18 Pa. C.S.A. §9125 is the Section that allows Employers to use a person's criminal record information in the hiring process. Section 9125 specifically states:
Felony and misdemeanor convictions may be considered only to the extent to which they relate to the applicant(s) suitability for employment in the position for which he has applied.
Id. (emphasis added)
The key to Section 9125 is that a prior conviction may only be considered to the extent to which it "relates to the applicant's suitability for employment." Id. Therefore, the prior convictions have to relate to the applicant's ability to perform the specific job/position to which he/she has applied. To illustrate, my firm recently filed two employment discrimination cases (Ripley v. Sodexo and Gaston et al v. Sodexo) in the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania alleging that the Defendant's use of the Plaintiffs' prior convictions as the main factor for termination was improper. In those two cases, the Plaintiffs' prior convictions (from over 10-30 years ago) did not relate to their suitability to perform their jobs in the food industry, which is why our firm filed employment discrimination suit alleging violation of CHRIA.
However, it is also important to note that there are certain situations where Section 9125 doesn't factor into an Employer's decision to refuse employment to a person with prior convictions. In some professions, an Employer is legally prohibited by law from hiring persons with certain offenses. CHRIA does not even factor into an Employer's decision whether to hire a potential applicant.
For example, aircraft/airport positions (including those with direct access to airplane or secure airport areas) have restrictions. Under 49 U.S.C. §44936, an Employer MAY NOT hire individuals for the above positions if:
The individual, within the last ten (10) years, has been convicted of federal hijacking or other air crimes, murder, assault with intent to murder, espionage, treason, sedition, kidnapping, rape, extortion, armed robbery, weapons convictions, distribution (or intent to distribute) a controlled substance, of felonies involving: a threat, willful destruction of property, information or manufacture of a controlled substance, burglary, theft/fraud, possession or distribution of stolen property, aggravated assault, bribery, or illegal possession of controlled substance punishable by a maximum term of imprisonment of more than one year.
Another example is a childcare position. 23 Pa. C.S.A §6344(c) states that an Employer MAY NOT hire an individual if:
The individual has founded child abuse reports within the last five (5) years or with convictions for homicide, aggravated assault, kidnapping, rape, various sex crimes, prostitution felonies, concealing death of child, endangering welfare of child, or pornography ever, or for drug felonies within the last five (5) years.
There are many more examples of professions where, regardless of how qualified an individual is, an Employer literally has their hands tied and cannot hire an individual because of prior convictions. Other professions include, but are not limited to, bank employees, nursing home workers, police, port workers, school employees, etc. These are examples where an Employer is legally bound by law to refuse employment.
However, if an Employer is not legally required to exclude an applicant and the Employer does exclude an applicant because of a prior conviction that has no bearing on the applicant's ability to perform the job in question, the Employer may be facing an employment discrimination lawsuit in violation of CHRIA and various other employment statutes.
More by | Michael Kraemer Michael Kraemer, Contributor


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Most of Dr.Nagai's income went for the benefit
of poor children and people suffering from atomic bomb disease.
Dr.Nagai lid the effort to establish a private library for these chilren.Called Uchira no Honbako("Our Book Case"),the library provided a place for children to play and read books. Dr.Nagai's philosophy of "Love others as you love yourself" affected many people and resulted in contributions from as far away as Brazil.
The library was built through numerous donations.And now part of Nagai Memorial Museum and is still used daily by local children.


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After the New Jersey Legislature was relocated to Trenton from Perth Amboy during 1790, a new state house was constructed during 1792 by Philadelphia-based architect Jonathan Doane. Subsequent additions were made to the building during the 19th century. Architects who contributed to the New Jersey State House during the 19th century include John Notman (1845 created office wing on North side) who was a Philadelphia architect and Samuel Sloan (1871 designed new wings) who was also a Philadelphia architect. On March 21, 1885, a large fire caused the destruction of the State Street wing. Lewis Broome, from Jersey City helped to redesign the building.
The New Jersey State House attained its present size during 1911 and has not been changed significantly other than by modernization of the main corridor during 1950. A 1960 plan, calling for the replacement of the oldest sections of the State House with modern... Read More