For Motorcycle
hit-air airbag system
hit-air airbag system
Testing Institution
Japan Automobile Research Institute (JARI)
World-famous JARI was established in April 1969 to engage in general research on automobiles. They do test-research, consultation, joint study etc. related to automobiles and have been expanding into a wider field of industrial activity.
Outline of the Test
This study was conducted to evaluate the performances of airbag jackets developed for the crash protection of motorcycle riders. The items of evaluation were: the rider protection performance against impact for the airbag jacket to fully inflate. A biofidelic dummy capable of measuring impacts on the human body was employed. Impacts were applied by a 23kg-mass impactor to the dummy fitted with an airbag jacket, and the impacts on the neck and chest of the dummy were measured in order to evaluate the rider protection performances of various airbag jackets.
Impact Test on Airbag Jackets
In the neck impact test the target impact speed was set at 5.6 m/s (20 km/h). The dummy was set in the targeted impact position so that the upper end of the impactor's impact face would come as close as possible to but not in contact with the rear lower end of the helmet, while the vertical centerline of the impactor would overlap with that of the dummy. The airbag jacket was manually inflated before each test round.
Neck Impact Test
Table 1 Results of neck impact test
Airbag jacket
Impact speed
Neck shear
Neck tension force (N)
Neck flexion
bending moment (Nm)
POLICE 5.6 -_PHONE_ 87
FRANCE 5.6 -_PHONE_ 49
NW 5.6 -_PHONE_ 58
Race Model
5.6 -_PHONE_ 59
MC2 5.6 -_PHONE_ 72
MLV 5.6 -_PHONE_ 59
Table 1 shows the results of the neck impact test. The test results were evaluated according to the injury criteria provided in the US FMVSS 208 on occupant crash protection.
The criteria adopted in the neck impact test were: fore-and-aft shear 3,100 N, vertical tension force 4,170 N, and forward flexion bending moment 190 Nm. It was found that except for the 4,330 N tension force recorded in N-10 test round, all the test results clearly satisfied the neck injury criteria.
While injury criteria provided in various regulations are judged in relation to maximum values, there are proposals to adopt the duration of a generated force as an additional criterion whereby the values of a generated force are judged in relation to the duration of the same force.Figure 2 shows the protection standard values of neck shear; similarly, Figure 3 shows the protection standard values of neck tension force. In both of the graphs, the measurement results are plotted in relation to the duration of neck shear or neck tension force. It was found that the measured shear and tension force values in all but SKV test rounds fell in the "small possibility of serious injury" zone. Therefore, it can be deduced that if a rider is to receive an impact equivalent with the impacts applied in this study (by a 23 kg mass at a 20 km/h impact speed), the rider will be able to reduce the severity of neck injury to less than serious injury by wearing an airbag jacket.


Task Status Area
The Task Status Area (TSA) is the middle section of the terminal screen. It normally consists of four lines which each can contain status information of an active task.
The number of these status lines can be altered by setting the keyword NTASK= in the Hermes defaults file.
Every line in the TSA can contain a taskname, followed by a status message. The following messages have been defined:
WAITING TO BE RUN
a task has been activated, but is not running yet
RUNNING
the task is running
PAUSING
the task is suspended
WAITING FOR ...
the task is waiting for an other task to finish
+++ FINISHED +++
the task has finished processing normally
USER ABORT
the task has been aborted by the user
error message -FATAL
the task has detected a fatal error
CRASHED
the task exited without notification to Hermes
COULD NOT BE STARTED
the task could not be started. This is normally due to an incorrect executable, e.g. compiled for a different architecture)
task-defined message
this can be a user input prompt message, or a status message supplied by a running task
Hermes GIPSY


Step 4. Texture
Daniel Shiffman shows how to put a texture (an image) on a 3D object.
Note that in this video he uses localhost and a local file rather than a hosting service. We are using the Ancient Brain server, where you can upload your own image. Go to "My uploads" in the menu and upload your own image and put it on the object.
The video also shows how a P5 World (which is a web page, remember) can use createCapture to access the webcam (if the user lets it).
Tutorial 18.4
Tweet this step:


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Mannatech's PLUS tablets can help keep your endocrine system healthy. A healthy endocrine system produces a full array of hormones that can regulate your cells and organs. Using our Real Food technology solutions, we created a blend of herbs and amino acids in PLUS tablets to help your body produce the hormones it needs to stay balanced and functioning optimally.
- Formulated with a unique blend of standardised nutrients, like those found in wild yam root, our PLUS tablets support your health in these areas;
- Furnishes raw materials for endocrine system support
- Supplies amino acids to help support the endocrine system
- Supports breast, prostate, bone and colon health
- Supports the health of the immune, nervous and cardiovascular systems.
Our PLUS product fills in the gaps
Your endocrine system is very busy and ultimately, influences almost every cell, organ and function of your body. When we don't eat right, we can miss out on important nutrients like plant sterols and amino acids that help keep our systems functioning well. Our PLUS tablets fill in the missing nutrients ands can help keep and help to give your body the crucial support it needs.
Can men and women use PLUS tablets?
Yes, men and women can use PLUS tablets. Our PLUS tablets contain healthful amino acids that both women's and men's endocrine systems can use.
What is the endocrine system and why is it important?
The endocrine system is the system that maintains hormonal balance in the body. A well-functioning endocrine system helps support the body's natural recovery from physical and emotional stress and works in harmony with the body's immune system.
Do PLUS tablets provide hormones?
No, PLUS tablets do not contain any hormones, but they do provide nutrients that help support the endocrine system.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: A brain-computer interface (BCI) system may allow a user to communicate by selecting one of many options. These options may be presented in a matrix. Larger matrices allow a larger vocabulary, but require more time for each selection. In this study, subjects were asked to perform a target detection task using matrices appropriate for a BCI. The study sought to explore the relationship between matrix size and EEG measures, target detection accuracy, and user preferences. Results indicated that larger matrices evoked a larger P300 amplitude, and that matrix size did not significantly affect performance or preferences.


text:
[Emergencies in the surgery of colonic neoplasms. A review of the literature and the authors' cases].Minerva Chir. 1991 Jan; 46(1-2):25-30.MC
The paper reports the personal experience of the 2nd Division of General Surgery of the Martini Hospital in Turin and compares it to the results of the most recently published studies. Of 123 patients who underwent emergency surgery, 101 were suffering from tumors of the colon complicated by intestinal occlusion and 22 by perforation. Only right hemicolectomy was performed in cases of perforation or resection with ileostomy and colic mucous fistula was used for neoplasms located in the right colon; Hartmann's operation or dual ostomy was performed in the event of neoplasms in the left colon. Surgical treatment of occlusive tumors of the left colon is still the subject of continued debate. The elective surgical technique is an amblée resection using colo-colic anastomosis with a protective ostomy. This is followed by Hartmann's operation, whereas decompressive colostomy should only be used in patients who are admitted to hospital in generally precarious conditions.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Restore and Control Shoreline Erosion on Naples Canalyeppymarketing2019-12-05T18:50:53+00:00
Since 2017, the homeowner watched his property disappear via rain events into adjacent canals. He encountered two primary issues; 1. Loss of several inches of topsoil washing into the canals, and 2. Erosion, along the length of adjacent canals, had eaten away several feet of his backyard and side landscape. Our solutions restored his topsoil with effective, proper surface drainage while protecting all exposed soil from future erosion via plant material and shell. We restored the canal shoreline back to original dimensions and provided protection against this ever happening again.


September 28, 2012
Contact: Andy Hirsch, Director of Media Communications
_PHONE_ -
Sept. 28, 2012
In his new 'Plants Are Cool, Too!' episode, Professor Chris Martine explores an Idaho fossil deposit and the hunt for DNA that dates back 15 million years.
LEWISBURG, Pa. - Bucknell Professor of Biology Chris Martine is hoping YouTube can help share his passion for plants with the world. Martine, Bucknell's newly named David Burpee Chair in Plant Genetics and Research, recently traveled to Idaho to film the second episode of 'Plants are Cool, Too!' The Internet show, roughly about 15 minutes long, aims to draw people's attention to what Martine calls 'adventure botany.'
"Plants can be every bit as exciting and interesting as animals. But while it's really easy for young people to find shows about animals, there's really nothing out there like what we're trying to do," Martine explained. "There are gardening programs, there are programs that tell you what plants to use for cooking - but until now, there were no adventure botany programs that show you the coolest plants on earth."
In Martine's second episode of 'Plants Are Cool, Too!', which was just released, he traveled to a fossil bed in Clarkia, Idaho, where researchers are studying 15-million-year-old leaves, well preserved beneath the sediment of an ancient lake.
"As you can see in the video, we were able to hold the actual leaves that fell from trees 15 million years ago. They even retained their fall colors," Martine said. "Having access to actual biological specimens from the deep past allows scientists to do all sorts of otherwise-improbable things, from predicting atmospheric conditions to tracking changes in DNA over millions of years."
Martine's first 'Plants Are Cool, Too!' episode focused on Sarracenia alata, a carnivorous plant that uses a sweet nectar and self-produced narcotic to lure insects. The plant then digests the bugs in its stomach, very similar to how an animal's stomach works.
"It's a perfect example of what we're trying to highlight," Martine explained. "Most people don't know these types of plants exist, and we really want to raise that level of awareness. We want to show people how exciting botany can be and that, yes, plants are cool, too.'"
The next episode of 'Plants Are Cool, Too!' is scheduled to be filmed in January, and released early next year.
Places I've Been


Top Locations for Crime Scenes in Pittsburgh
Top Locations for Crime Scenes in Pittsburgh
The Pittsburgh Police is the biggest law enforcement group in Western Pennsylvania, and the third in the state. It's no wonder with the historic crime that has been present throughout the city. As of now, there are about 1,000 sworn officers on the police force.
The rate of various crimes in Pittsburgh is well over the national average in many cases, including violence, theft, and assault. Since the 1910s, there has been criminal activity from one particular group that has dominated the city.
The Pittsburgh crime family
The Pittsburgh crime family, also known as the LaRocca's has been around for over one hundred years. They came out of the prohibition era, the same time period as Al Capone. Their beginning acts were to illegally make and sell alcohol. Since this time, the crime family has been linked to gambling rings, drugs, and suspected murders.
The group is fairly transparent about their actions, to an extent. Their members are known, although since the 1990s their numbers have fallen drastically due to conviction and death. There are murders that members have been accused of, but denied.
Photo by US Army, from _URL_
The areas
There are different areas around Pittsburg that have higher levels of crime. No matter the area you live in, crime is possible. Even though there are areas that have had long histories of crime that are more prone to criminal activity. It doesn't matter where you are, criminal activity can happen.
Many areas of Pittsburgh have above average home prices, even though they also have above average crime rates. The most dangerous area of the city prone to crime scenes is between Mcneilly Road and Sussex Avenue. The area is known for its unique characteristics. The neighborhoods are a unique mix of cultural groups.
Related Article: How Used Shipping Containers are Continuing the Freight Storage Revolution
Upper St. Clair is a part of the south most tip of Pittsburg. Although it may not be the most dangerous part of Pittsburg, it is no stranger to crime scenes. The Whiskey Rebellion in 1791 started out in Upper St. Clair. Although this wasn't necessarily a crime scene, at the time it was illegal, and it caused a big mess. Which is basically the same thing as a crime scene right?
The police force
A large majority of the Pittsburg police force, over seventy percent, are male. They have the Pittsburg are divided into six zones. Each zone is required to have a certain number of officers present, based on the crime scenes that have been seen in the area. The first four zones require the highest number of officers while the last two zones are a bit safer. This is to ensure the rate of crime scenes diminishes.
A commander, who maintains the peace in their geographic area, leads each zone. Between the six zones, here is a breakdown of what law enforcement officers are present at all times:
 - Thirteen police officers
 - Three detectives
 - One sergeant
 - One lieutenant
This is simply an average across the six zones, but is a good representation of the steps taken to reduce crime in Pittsburgh.
Crime scenes are something you never want to come across. Through proper enforcement, and prevention, crime in Pittsburgh can be reduced. The areas that have become famous as crime scenes can now become known for something else.
How to Decorate a Room Using a Stylish Rug
Safety Driving Tips for Teenagers


text:
Traditional incandescent string troubleshooting does not apply to LED strings. It can be frustrating and time consuming to locate a bad LED or socket without checking each one-by-one. One method to speed up the troubleshooting is to use a binary search reduction method. You will need a multimeter to perform this reduction test. Before proceeding be SURE TO UNPLUG THE LIGHTS FROM YOUR POWER SOURCE.
1) Find the segment break of the LED string (typically at 36th LED in a 70ct 120V string, but this is dependent on your LEDs, count and voltage) for the section that is unlit.
2) Remove the middle LED from the socket in the unlit segment (e.g. If the segment is 35 LEDs long, remove the 17th LED).
3) Remove the first LED in the unlit segment
4) Using your multimeter set to measure Ohms, place one probe in the first socket and the other in the middle socket. Look for resistance. If it is open, proceed. It it indicates resistance, one of the removed LEDs may be bad.
5) If the above test was open, continue to divide the string into halves for each segment, removing the middle LED and testing for resistance between the first socket and the newly removed LED socket, and the last socket and the newly removed LED socket.
6) Keep halving the section that has no resistance. You should be able to narrow down the bad LED or socket within a handful of testing attempts.
When testing your lighting, using your regular sequencing software is often not the best way to do it.
If you are using an ECG-DR4 or ECG-DMXRen8 E1.31 to DMX interface, it could be simpler to use a dedicated test utility like da_E131.
This allows you to send known E1.31 (streaming ACN) data to your hardware. At least then you'll know if it's a hardware or software problem you're having.
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text:
Cyclists are rarely eager to stop a planned workout. Sure, they might joke about it, but the truth is high-achievers don't want to quit.
There are some cyclists who will go to any length to avoid the did-not-finish (DNF) stigma, even for workouts. While that might seem noble and tough, in some cases you're better served by a DNF.
As a cyclist, it can be a difficult choice to end a workout early. This is because you're wrapped up in the emotion of the goal in front of you. You might feel guilty because of the time and money invested in this crazy hobby, or maybe you feel that a particular workout is critical to the rest of your season. There are a lot of reasons why goal-oriented athletes find it hard to stop.
To have long-term success, it's important to recognize when you should cut a workout short or not begin at all. It's possible that you'll do more harm than good. To avoid illness or injury, learn how to identify the warning signs.
Insignificant Contribution to Goals
At the beginning of each season, it's important to list your three primary goals for the year. These main goals should have sub-goals, or stepping-stones that will help you achieve success.
If the workout in question doesn't have a significant impact on the season goals, it's easier to eliminate than one that does have impact. Seldom does a single workout have critical, season-make-or-break importance. This is important to remember if you aren't feeling well, if you notice fatigue or a muscular problem that a workout might make worse.
When a cyclist has been ill leading up to a key workout, it can be difficult to predict how the workout will go. For example, if a cyclist has a bout with the flu on Monday and Tuesday, he or she might feel good enough to do a long ride on Saturday or Sunday. The decision is made to "just start and just see how it goes."
If the workout is short, it's usually easier to quit the session than if it's long. For example, a cyclist decided to start a century ride after having the flu earlier in the week. The first 56 miles went well. He was riding strong and at the front of the group.
At one of the stopping points, his face lost color and became pale. He was nauseous but felt that he'd be fine after eating. After the fueling break, his speed was noticeably slower and he was obviously struggling, compared to earlier in the ride.


stampede Balochi Meaning
Brahui Dictionary
English to Brahui Dictionary
ھِیرَمبو/تَرَہ کَنِنگ
English definition for stampede
1. n. a headlong rush of people on a common impulse
2. n. a wild headlong rush of frightened animals (horses or cattle)
3. v. run away in a stampede
4. v. cause to run in panic
5. v. act, usually en masse, hurriedly or on an impulse
6. v. cause a group or mass of people to act on an impulse or hurriedly and impulsively
All in One
A stampede is uncontrolled concerted running as an act of mass impulse among herd animals or a crowd of people in which the group collectively begins running, often in an attempt to escape a perceived threat.
Continue Reading
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Synonyms and Antonyms for stampede
Related Images
Related Images/Visuals for stampede
International Languages
Meaning for stampede found in 6 Languages.
Near By Words


5 Powerful Personal Statement Openings of Fellowship Winners
May 17, 2016 • Views -
Personal statement tipsBy ProFellow Founder, Dr. Vicki Johnson
A personal statement for a fellowship or graduate school application is your opportunity to express to the selection committee who you are and why you are a great candidate for the program. In particular, an eye-grabbing lead sentence or opening paragraph is your most important tool for maintaining the reader's attention. Here are some examples of powerful personal statement openings of winners of highly competitive fellowships.
 1. "My parents are acupuncturists who made the long trip from their tiny cluster of villages in Guangzhou, China, to the quaint suburbs of Northern California, two years before I was born."
By a winner of a Fulbright English Teaching Assistantship (ETA) in Macau. The applicant draws the reader to something memorable – her parents' unique vocation – paving the way for an interesting story about her childhood and interest in working abroad.
 1. "Every morning at 10:00 a.m. I come face to face with the power of language to free; it happens in a classroom. The students I teach at Seattle Central Community College come from night work in an industrial bakery, from a Vietnamese refugee camp, from a 9-to-5 job in a car wash, or from the day care center where they've left their children."
By a graduate fellowship applicant to the University of Washington. This opening paragraph begins to tell a story that reflects on the applicant's work with a diverse community.
 1. "My grandparents have touched many lives: former drug addicts, refugees, neighbors, and my own. They have an uncommon ability to build relationships; they are a paradigm of service— where service is more than what you do and is also defined by who you are."
By a winner of the Fulbright U.S. Student Grant. The lyrical nature of this stand-alone opening paragraph exhibits an advanced ability to use both words and punctuation to express the applicant's personal values and how they originated.
 1. "Thirty years ago, my dad boarded a one-way flight to the U.S. Unlike the people he left behind, he was coming to a new country filled with educational opportunities his homeland could not provide. He was not limited by his place of birth."
By a successful applicant to Teach for America. Immediately, the applicant has built a framework to describe his interest in education and equal opportunity, and his personal experience as a child of an American immigrant.
 1. "In the sixth grade, I took a test to see if I was leftor right-brained. To my elementary eyes, the result of that quiz would be the truth from on high—a resolute word that would define the man to come as either analytic or artistic."
By a Marshall Scholar to the U.K. The applicant masterfully opens with a story to describe the early beginnings of his intellectual curiosity, a key characteristic that the selection committee seeks in applicants.
A common aspect of these opening statements is their ability to draw the reader in to a unique and memorable story that begins to describe why the applicant is applying to the fellowship. You can identify more personal statement samples like these online by Googling "personal statement example pdf" with the name of the fellowship.
Seeking funding for graduate school? Get our free Directory of Fully Funded Graduate Programs and Full Funding Awards listing more than 500+ fully funded PhD and master's program.
Dr. Vicki Johnson Headshot
Dr. Vicki Johnson is Founder and CEO of ProFellow, the world's leading online resource for professional and academic fellowships. She is a four-time fellow, top Ph.D. scholar, Fulbright recipient and an award-winning social entrepreneur. She is the Creator and Director of Fully Funded, an award-winning online course and mentorship program for graduate school applicants seeking to find and win full funding.
© Victoria Johnson / ProFellow, LLC 2016, all rights reserved.
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Reading/Language Arts Blog
The Ins and Outs of Using Anchor Charts as Teaching Tools
When I first began teaching, my colleagues told me something that stayed with me, "Your walls are teaching even when you are not." I took this to mean that what I put on my walls should be significant and easily remembered by students. Although I certainly improved my ability to create quality charts that align with skills and concepts, I still continue to discover effective ways to convey information to students through this teaching tool. Posters display information for students to remember, and they remain constant. However, anchor charts are created in-the-moment based on the day's learning. Creating anchor charts with students is a great way to invite them into the learning.
What is an anchor chart? What is it not?
An anchor chart provides an anchor for thinking. It will support the lesson's objective. Anchor charts are created as teachers are presenting a lesson. As teachers present the lesson, they can provide information to support a process or a skill. For example, to explain how the setting influences plot in literary text, students might co-create an anchor chart with the teacher depicting a diagram of sequenced plot elements for a specific literary text, including conflict and resolution. In a separate anchor chart, students can identify the setting and place it in a circle. Bubbles extending from the circle will include text evidence to support the identified setting. After analyzing the plot and setting, students can complete the following sentence frame (TEKS, Grade 3, Strand 4).
The setting in this story is __________, and it influences the plot by __________.
This type of chart is a strategy anchor chart because it can be used over and over again to practice a skill with various literary texts.
Anchor charts are a bit different than posters. Posters are typically created before a lesson. Although the teacher might have a pre-determined idea for an anchor chart, the content is not created until students are sitting with the teacher and able to contribute. Sometimes posters are used year after year, and they do not change. Anchor charts are created with students as the learning occurs, so they are fresh and relevant. Effective anchor charts are not only room décor, but they are actually used as a teaching tool, revisited often as students are learning.
Types of Anchor Charts
 - Process Charts
Process charts provide students with a concept and then a list of steps or strategies to follow. For example, in the following anchor chart, teachers can facilitate an understanding of the process with student input (TEKS Strand 2).
Making an Inference
Choose meaningful text evidence
"When Jeena opened the letter, she smiled, jumped, shouted, and ran to show her friend, Isabella."
Determine what you already know
When someone gets excited or happy about something, the person smiles, jumps, or shouts. It is nice to share good news with a friend.
Draw a conclusion about the
meaning of the text
Jeena has just learned that she will be playing the lead part in the school play.
text evidence + background knowledge = inference
Process charts generally have a manageable number of steps to follow and can be easily remembered. Sometimes when students encounter problems when going through a process, a step-by-step chart can help them have a reference for support. At some point, most students will no longer need the process anchor chart because they have a deep understanding of how to complete the steps. Additionally, visual representations can often be included as well. It is important to keep challenging students with additional process charts as new concepts are learned. After concepts are learned by most students, the anchor chart can be re-visited for re-teaching or working with small groups.
 - Interactive Charts
Interactive charts take many forms. An interactive chart allows for students to categorize information or make decisions about their learning. For example, if students are learning the meaning of synonym and antonym, the interactive chart includes two columns, and pairs of students might provide synonyms and antonyms for a word provided by the teacher. Students can write their responses on sticky notes and post them on the anchor chart for the class to discuss.
Synonym (same)
Antonym (opposite)
Interactive anchor charts can include graphic organizers that can be memorable and reproducible.
Displaying Charts
Determining how students will have access to charts is an important consideration. Some teachers house the anchor charts in categories throughout the classroom. For example, one part of the room might be labeled Charts for Writing Skills or Charts for Thinking Skills. Anchor charts can then be revisited and used as a reference when needed, or sometimes additional information can be added. A simple clothesline can keep anchor charts in great shape and visible. When anchor charts are being used or revisited, it is easy to unclip them and move them to an easel or white board as a lesson focus. Charts that contain previously learned material can be kept for use in small groups as needed. A clothes hangar can also be used to persevere an anchor chart until it is re-visited.
As the school year ends, capturing the charts in pictures or creating smaller versions of the charts for an Anchor Chart Binder might help spark ideas for the next year when new charts will be created.
Making Charts Come Alive
There are ways to make anchor charts come alive for students. Although content is the focus, providing charts that appeal to students and how their brains categorize information is an important consideration.
 - Create a clear heading or title so that the anchor chart's purpose is clear
 - Use multiple, vibrant colors to differentiate information/ideas; monochromatic anchor charts make it more difficult for some students to separate categories and concepts
 - Lettering can also be changed to separate ideas or categories. Here are some easy ways to create a different look for different steps or categories.
 - Use bright colors around black letters to make them "glow".
 - Add dashes of different colors to one side of the letters.
 - Add dots to the end of each letter.
 - Thicken the down stroke of each letter.
 - Use borders that brighten and accentuate separate ideas or categories.
 - Use different shapes to categorize information (circle, square, hexagon).
 - Use shapes that align with the chart's information; for example, a chart depicting metacognition might include the shape of a brain.
 - If you have use of technology that displays text on a screen, place paper on the screen and pull up the title with a font and size that fits onto the paper; trace and fill in letters to create an eye-catching title for your chart.
 - Change the shape of the chart itself to create eye-catching interest.
Include Time for Anchor Chart Creation in the Lesson Design
Anchor chart creation should be a consideration in designing a lesson so that it is aligned with the objective. Although charts are co-created with students, a chart's graphic organizer, frame, or design can already be created. Time should be allowed to co-create a chart's content during the lesson.
Anchor charts should align and support a lesson's objective, adding an illustrative and demonstrative component to students' learning. The visual enhancement that anchor charts bring to your students' learning will help make the lesson's content engaging and memorable!
Use the following link to register for Region 4 ESC professional learning sessions to support your endeavors to make the spring 2020 semester the best ever!
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You must have heard about it before: formally verified microkernels that offer 100% security... Why don't we use such a microkernel in Qubes then? (The difference between a micro-kernel and a type I hypervisor is blurry. Especially in case of a type I hypervisor used for running para-virtualized VMs, such as Xen used in Qubes. So I would call Xen a micro-kernel in this case, although it can also run fully-virtualized VMs, in which case it should be called a hypervisor I think.)
In order to formally prove some property of any piece of code, you need to first assume certain things. One such thing is the correctness of a compiler, so that you can be sure that all the properties you proved for the source code, still hold true for the binary generated from this source code. But let's say it's a feasible assumption -- we do have mature compilers indeed.
Another important assumption you need, and this is especially important in proving kernels/microkernels/hypervisors, is the model of the hardware your kernel interacts with. Not necessarily all the hardware, but at least the CPU (e.g. MMU, mode transitions, etc) and the Chipset.
While the CPUs are rather well understood today, and their architecture (we're talking IA32 here) doesn't change so dramatically from season to season. The chipsets, however, are a whole different story. If you take a spec for any modern chipset, let's say only the MCH part, the one closer to the processor (on Core i5/i7 even integrated on the same die), there are virtually hundreds of configuration registers there. Those registers are used for all sorts of different purposes -- they configure DRAM parameters, PCIe bridges, various system memory map characteristics (e.g. the memory reclaiming feature), access to the infamous SMM memory, and finally VT-d and TXT configuration.
So, how are all those details modeled in microkernels formal verification process? Well, as far as I'm aware, they are not! They are simply ignored. The nice way of saying this in academic papers is to say that "we trust the hardware". This, however, might be incorrectly understood by readers to mean "we don't consider physical attacks". But this is not equal! And I will give a practical example in a moment.
I can bet that even the chipset manufactures (think e.g. Intel) do not have formal models for their chipsets (again, I will give a good example to support this thesis below).
But why are the chipsets so important? Perhaps they are configured "safe by default" on power on, so even if we don't model all the configuration registers, and their effects on the system, and if we won't be playing with them, maybe it's safe to assume all will be fine then?
Well, it might be that way, if we could have secure microkernels without IOMMU/VT-d and without some trusted boot mechanism.
But we need IOMMU. Without IOMMU there is no security benefit of having a microkernel vs. having a good-old monolithic kernel. Let me repeat this statement again: there is no point in building a microkernel-based system, if we don't correctly use IOMMU to sandbox all the drivers.
Now, setting up IOMMU/VT-d permissions require programming the chipset's registers, and is by no means a trivial task (see the the Intel VT-d spec to get an impression, if you don't believe me). Correctly setting up IOMMU is one of the most security-critical tasks to be done by a hypervisor/microkernel, and so it would be logical to expect that they also formally prove that this part is done flawlessly...
The next thing is the trusted boot. I will argue that without proper trusted boot implementation, the system cannot be made secure. And I'm not talking about physical attacks, like Evil Maid. I'm talking about true, remote, software attacks. If you haven't read it already, please go back and read my very recent post on "Remotely Attacking Network Cards". Building on Loic's and Yves-Alexis' recent research, I describe there a scenario how we could take their attack further to compromise even such a securely designed system as Qubes. And this could be possible, because of a flaw in TXT implementation. And, indeed, we demonstrated an attack on Intel Trusted Execution Technology that exploits one such flaw before.
Let's quickly sketch the whole attack in points:
- The attacker attacks a flaw in the network card processing code (Loic and Yves-Alexis)
- The attacker replaces the NIC's firmware in EEPROM to survive the reboot (Loic and Yves-Alexis)
- The new firmware attacks the system trusted boot via a flaw in Intel TXT (ITL)
- If the system uses SRTM instead, it's even easier -- see the previous post (ITL)
- If you have new SINIT module that patched our attack, there is still an avenue to attack TXT via SMM (ITL)
And this is the practical example I mentioned above. I'm sure readers understand that this is just one example, of what could go wrong on the hardware level (and be reachable to a software-only attacker). Don't ignore hardware security! Even for software attacks!
A good question to ask is: would a system with a formally verified microkernel also be vulnerable to such an attack? And the answer is yes! Yes, unless we could model and prove correctness of the whole chipset and the CPU. But nobody can do that today, because it is impossible to build such a model. If it was, I'm pretty sure Intel would already have such a model and they would not release an SINIT module with this stupid implementation bug we found and exploited in our attack.
So, we see an example of a practical attack that could be used to fully compromise a well designed system, even if it had a formally verified microkernel/hypervisor. Compromise it remotely, over the network!
So, are all those whole microkernel/hypervisor formal verification attempts just a waste of time? Are they only good for academics so that they could write more papers for conferences? Or for some companies to use them in marketing?
Perhaps the formal verification of system software will never be able to catch up with the pace of hardware development... By the time people will learn how to build models (and how to solve them) for hardware used today, the hardware manufactures, in the meantime, will present a few new generations of the hardware. For which the academics will need another 5 years to catch up, and so on.
Perhaps the industry will take a different approach. Perhaps in the coming years we will get hardware that would allow us to create untrusted hypervisors/kernels that would not be able to read/write usermode pages (Hey Howard;)? This is currently not possible with the hardware we have, but, hey, why would a hypervisor need access to the Firefox pages?
And how this all will affect Qubes? Well, the Qubes project is not about building a hypervisor or a microkernel. Qubes is about how to take a secure hypervisor/microkernel, and how to build the rest of the system in a secure, and easy to use, way, using the isolation properties that this hypervisor/microkernel is expected to provide. So, whatever kernels we will have in the future (better formally verified, e.g. including the hardware in the model), or based on some exciting new hardware features, still Qubes architecture would make perfect sense, I think.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Seminar 11/8: Long-time dynamics and control of one-dimensional quantum-many-body systems
Professor Lea Santos
Abstract: One of the main applications of quantum computers will be the simulation of quantum many-body systems; but at the same time, implementations of quantum computers are themselves many-body systems. A clear understanding of the dynamics of quantum many-body systems and how to control their evolution is therefore crucial to the future development of quantum computers.
In this talk we will discuss the long-time dynamics of one-dimensional quantum many-body systems. We will first introduce the conditions under which they may thermalize. Thermalization occurs when the eigenstates of the systems become chaotic. Chaotic eigenstates may appear in the middle of the spectrum of systems with few-body interactions, but not at the edges, and they are observed even when the systems become gapped and/or different symmetry sectors are mixed. Second, we will show how dynamical decoupling methods may be used to manipulate the time evolution of such many-body systems. These methods consist of sequences of external control operations designed to induce a desired dynamics. We will show, for instance, that an appropriate control sequence may lead a chaotic chain to evolve as an integrable chain and a system in the gapless phase to behave as a system in the gapped phase.
Location: Bowen Hall Auditorium
Date/Time: 11/08/10 at 12:30 pm - 11/08/10 at 01:30 am
A light lunch will be provided in the Bowen Atrium at 12:00 noon.


text:
Elasticity of demand is equal to the percentage change of quantity demanded divided by percentage change in price in this video, we go over specific termino. Advertisements: the extent of responsiveness of demand with change in the price is not always the same the demand for a product can be elastic or inelastic, depending on the rate of change in the demand with respect to change in price of a product. Price elasticity of demand is a way of looking at sensitivity of price related to product demand demand elasticity is an economic concept also known as price elasticity. Price elasticity of demand and supply the price elasticity of demand is given by the formula: the price elasticity of supply is given by a similar formula:.
With examples - how to calculate price elasticity of demand ped = % change in qd / % change in price (also how to calculate a percentage). Cross price elasticity (xed) measures the responsiveness of demand for good x following a change in the price of a related good y. Point elasticity is the price elasticity of demand at a specific point on the demand curve instead of over a range of it it uses the same formula as the general price elasticity of demand measure, but we can take information from the demand equation to solve for the "change in" values instead of actually calculating a change given two points. Elasticity the price elasticity of demand measures the sensitivity of the quantity demanded to changes in the price demand is inelastic if it does not respond much to price changes, and elastic if demand changes.
In economics, the demand elasticity refers to how sensitive the demand for a good is to changes in other economic variables demand elasticity is important because it helps firms model the potential change in demand due to changes in price of the good, the effect of changes in prices of other goods and many other important market factors. Price elasticity of demand (ped) is the responsiveness of quantity demanded to a change in price it is also the slope of the demand curve. Ped measures the responsiveness of demand after a change in price - inelastic or elastic an explanation of what influences elasticity, the importance of elasticity and impact of taxes. Get an answer for 'why is price elasticity of demand important to firms'and find homework help for other business questions at enotes.
Factors affecting the price elasticity of demand | economics the following points highlight the seven main factors affecting the price elasticity of demand the factors are: 1. Get an answer for 'if price elasticity of demand is zero, what does it mean' and find homework help for other business questions at enotes.
Ec202 principles of microeconomics elasticity page 3 an application of price elasticity of demand if the quantity demanded for milk were 100 units and the price elasticity of demand for milk was. Price elasticity of demand by patrick l anderson, richard d mclellan, joseph p overton, and dr gary l wolfram | nov 13, 1997 the law of demand, namely that the higher the price of a good, the less consumers will purchase, has. Price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of demand after a change in a product's own price.
Introduction the responsiveness of tobacco consumption to price and income increases is measured by the price and income elasticity of demand respectively. When trying to determine how to maximize profit, businesses use price elasticity to see how responsive quantity demanded is to a price change. The price elasticity of demand (midpoint method) calculator computes the price elasticity of demand which measures how much the quantity demanded responds to changes in the price of a good.
Elasticity of demand refers to price elasticity of demand it is the degree of responsiveness of quantity demanded of a commodity due to change in price, other things remaining the same. In economics, the cross elasticity of demand or cross-price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of the quantity demanded for a good to a change in the price of another good, ceteris paribus. 1 price elasticity of demand example questions review: first, a quick review of price elasticity of demand from lecture on 02/19/09 the definition, of price elasticity of demand (ped) is:. Price elasticity theory was once the haunt of classical economists today, companies such as uber are combining the theory with big data to redefine possibilities.Download


text:
What is keystore?
A file containing the keys and certificates used for authentication
What is life cycle (J2EE component)?
The framework events of a J2EE component's existence. Each type of component has defining events that mark its transition into states in which it has varying availability for use. For example, a servlet is created and has its init method called by its container before invocation of its service method by clients or other servlets that require its functionality. After the call of its init method, it has the data and readiness for its intended use. The servlet's destroy method is called by its container before the ending of its existence so that processing associated with winding up can be done and resources can be released. The init and destroy methods in this example are callback methods. Similar considerations apply to the life cycle of all J2EE component types: enterprise beans, Web components (servlets or JSP pages), applets, and application clients.
What is life cycle (JavaServer Faces)?
A set of phases during which a request for a page is received, a UI component tree representing the page is processed, and a response is produced. During the phases of the life cycle: The local data of the components is updated with the values contained in the request parameters. Events generated by the components are processed. Validators and converters registered on the components are processed. The components' local data is updated to back-end objects. The response is rendered to the client while the component state of the response is saved on the server for future requests.
What is local subset?
That part of the DTD that is defined within the current XML file.
What is managed bean creation facility?
A mechanism for defining the characteristics of JavaBeans components used in a JavaServer Faces application.
What is message?
In the Java Message Service, an asynchronous request, report, or event that is created, sent, and consumed by an enterprise application and not by a human. It contains vital information needed to coordinate enterprise applications, in the form of precisely formatted data that describes specific business actions.
What is message consumer?
An object created by a JMS session that is used for receiving messages sent to a destination.
What is message-driven bean?
An enterprise bean that is an asynchronous message consumer. A message-driven bean has no state for a specific client, but its instance variables can contain state across the handling of client messages, including an open database connection and an object reference to an EJB object. A client accesses a message-driven bean by sending messages to the destination for which the bean is a message listener.
What is message producer?
An object created by a JMS session that is used for sending messages to a destination.
What is mixed-content model?
A DTD specification that defines an element as containing a mixture of text and one more other elements. The specification must start with _TAG_, followed by diverse elements, and must end with the "zero-or-more" asterisk symbol (*).
What is method-binding expression?
A Java Server Faces EL expression that refers to a method of a backing bean. This method performs either event handling, validation, or navigation processing for the UI component whose tag uses the method-binding expression.
What is method permission?
An authorization rule that determines who is permitted to execute one or more enterprise bean methods.
What is mutual authentication?
An authentication mechanism employed by two parties for the purpose of proving each other's identity to one another.
What is namespace?
A standard that lets you specify a unique label for the set of element names defined by a DTD. A document using that DTD can be included in any other document without having a conflict between element names. The elements defined in your DTD are then uniquely identified so that, for example, the parser can tell when an element should be interpreted according to your DTD rather than using the definition for an element in a different DTD.
What is naming context?
A set of associations between unique, atomic, people-friendly identifiers and objects.
What is naming environment?
A mechanism that allows a component to be customized without the need to access or change the component's source code. A container implements the component's naming environment and provides it to the component as a JNDI naming context. Each component names and accesses its environment entries using the java:comp/env JNDI context. The environment entries are declaratively specified in the component's deployment descriptor.
What is normalization?
The process of removing redundancy by modularizing, as with subroutines, and of removing superfluous differences by reducing them to a common denominator. For example, line endings from different systems are normalized by reducing them to a single new line, and multiple whitespace characters are normalized to one space.


use ITT:
 - In a thread asking people about near-death experiences: "ITT: People who've never even ridden a roller-coaster."
 - In a thread asking people to post pics of expensive computers: "ITT: PCs I could never afford."
 - In a thread that describes a disturbing incident: "ITT: Graphic violence."
Wanna learn how to use other cool internet slang? Check out SMH and ICYMI next!
RELATED: What Does "SMH" Mean, and How Do You Use It?
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How to Create and Insert a Pyramid in Microsoft PowerPoint _URL_ _URL_ Sun, 14 Feb 2021 00:00:00 +0000
Microsoft PowerPoint Logo
Part of PowerPoint's charm is its ability to use various graphics to illustrate points to an audience. A commonly used graphic is the pyramid. You'll often see it in presentations about nutrition. Here's how to create a pyramid in Microsoft PowerPoint.
How to Insert a Pyramid in PowerPoint
The first thing you have to do is insert the actual pyramid in your slide. To do so, open PowerPoint and click "Insert." In the "Illustrations" group, click "SmartArt."
In the "Choose a SmartArt Graphic" menu that appears, click "Pyramid" near the bottom.
Next, click the pyramid graphic you like best. We'll be using the "Basic Pyramid" graphic for our example. After you select a graphic, a preview and description of it appears in a pane on the right. Click "OK" to insert the graphic.
After it's inserted, you can customize the pyramid.
RELATED: How to Insert a Picture or Other Object in Microsoft Office
How to Customize a Pyramid in PowerPoint
There are a few ways in which you can customize your pyramid. For starters, you probably want to add some layers to it. To do so, click the pyramid, and then select "Add Shape" in the "Create Graphic" group under the "SmartArt Design" tab.
To remove a layer, click its box to select it, and then press Delete.
To edit the text in a layer, click that layer, and then type or edit the text in the box.
Microsoft PowerPoint also offers a few color variations for the SmartArt graphic. To see them, select the pyramid, and then click the "SmartArt Design" tab that appears. Here, click "Change Colors" under the "SmartArt Design" group.
Select the color scheme you like from the drop-down menu that appears.
You can also change the color of individual layers by right-clicking the border of a layer, and then selecting "Fill" from the option list below the context menu.
A submenu displaying more colors will appear; just click the one you want in the palette.
Repeat this process for each layer of the pyramid until you're satisfied with its color scheme.
The pyramid is just one of the many useful SmartArt graphics you can use in PowerPoint. You can also create Venn diagrams , timelines , or even make a family tree . No matter what kind of presentation you're making, there's probably a SmartArt graphic that will help you out.
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The 2002 Perl Advent Calendar
On the 24th day of Advent my True Language brought to me..
Yesterday we looked at Class::DBI, a module that lets us create objects that represent the rows stored in a database. Today we're going to look at Pixie, a module that allows us to store data in rows of the database to represent objects. The distinction between the two is a subtle, but important one.
A relational database is a tightly constrained system, where the database knows exactly what is being stored in it and how it relates to other data in it. Using this knowledge it can do powerful searches for you and produce. On the other hand setting up all this takes quite a bit of effort on the programmers behalf as he must try and map each object from the database to one or more rows in the table.
This is in direct contrast to the way Pixie works. Pixie allows you, with no fuss, to simply store complex objects in the database and pull them out again. You don't have to worry about setting up mapping code like you do with Class::DBI, and you don't have to worry about creating tables for each different object you want to store. Pixie will simply serialise up the object, object by object and stores it in the database as binary data.
This does mean that Pixie can't perform complex searches like a true relational database, but what it does mean instead is that objects stored in Pixie don't have any artificial hierarchy instilled in them through their trip through the database. Suddenly any relationship that makes sense to you in code can instantly be stored in the database. This sudden escape from the constraints is truly liberating. I find this freeform storage system it particularly useful for storing session data for people between pages on a website. Because the session object isn't constrained by the database I can add new sections to it and store ad hoc data in it depending on the need of any particular page on my site.
Before we begin storing objects, we must first get Pixie to configure the database so that it has all the correct tables to store the Pixie records in it.
 # turn on Perl's safety features
 use strict;
 use warnings;
 # setup the database in the file 'pixie.db'
 # with no username or password
 use Pixie::Store::DBI;
 Pixie::Store::DBI->deploy("dbi:SQLite:pixie.db", '', '');
Obviously the user that you connect to the database must have sufficient privileges to create tables and so forth (which you always will have with a SQLite database at least.)
Once the database is created then inserting objects into it couldn't be simpler. All you need to do is create a pixie object and use it to insert any objects that you want to store:
 # create a pixie that's connected to the database
 use Pixie;
 my $pixie = Pixie->new();
 $pixie->connect("dbi:SQLite:pixie.db", '', '');
 # create an object, any old object, it doesn't need to be
 # anything special or know how to store itself or anything
 use Person;
 use Math::BigInt;
 use Time::Piece;
 my $person = Person->new(
 firstname => "Mark",
 lastname => "Fowler",
 username => "2shortplanks",
 email => '',
 dob => Time::Piece->strptime("4 Mar 1978",
 "%d %b %Y"),
 credit => Math::BigInt->new("5000"),
 # store the object and all objects it
 # contains in the database
 my $cookie = $pixie->insert($person);
The cookie we get back is a unique identifier for the object that we've just stored. If we want an object back from Pixie then all we need do is request the object for that cookie.
 # get the person's details back again
 my $mark = $pixie->get($cookie);
 # check we got an object back in $mark
 defined( $mark ) or die "Unknown cookie '$cookie'";
 # set the greeting string
 $greeting = "Hello ". $person->firstname.
 " " . $person->lastname;
If we make any changes an object that we've stored in the database then all we need to do is reinsert it. Pixie will be intelligent enough to realise that this object was stored before and that it should change the object in there not create a second instance of it.
 # actually, set my real email address not the
 # Perl advent calendar one
 # reinsert $mark to store it in the database again
Pixie will also Do The Right Thing when it comes to storing changes to objects that are sub objects of what we're inserting, assuming that the sub object have been pulled out of Pixie too.
 # spend ten pounts, therefore lower my credit limit
 # store it again
I normally store the $cookie string for each person's session in their browser cookies so that whenever they show up at my site I can look up their session object. Sometimes however my users decide to user another computer or a different browser and I can't get this cookie back again. What I need to do then is offer them a way of getting at their data without their cookie.
Pixie can bind a name to object which can be used instead of the cookie to retrieve the object:
 # bind my username to my object
 $pixie->bind_name($mark->username => $mark);
Data can be extracted with the get_object_named method that's pretty much identical to get, but it uses a bound name rather than a cookie id
 # get me back again
As way of a demonstration, here's a sample CGI script that will get the session of a person for a person based on either their cookie or their username and password, and will create a new session for them if they don't supply either.
 # turn on Perl's safety features
 use strict;
 use warnings;
 # get the cookie back
 my $cgi = CGI->new();
 my $cookie = $cgi->cookie("cookie");
 my $username = $cgi->param("username");
 my $password = $cgi->param("password");
 # my session
 my $session;
 # try and get the session with either the username or
 # cookie
 if ($username)
 # get the object named the same as their username
 $session = $pixie->get_object_named($username);
 # don't let them get access to the session if they
 # got the password wrong
 if (defined($session) && $session->password ne $password)
 # just print the invalid login page and exit
 print $cgi->header;
 print invalid_login();
 # get with the cookie
 $session = $pixie->get($cookie);
 # check we got a session out in the end
 unless ($session)
 # No session recreated? Create a new session then!
 my $person = Person->new();
 # create
 $cookie = $pixie->insert($person)
 # print the header containing the cookie
 print $cgi->header(-type => 'text/html',
 -cookie => $cgi->cookie(-name => 'cookie'
 -value => $cookie,
 -expires => '+1M'));
Proxy objects
One of the cleverest things about Pixie is the way that it returns object trees from the database. Consider the situation where you have an object in the database and that object has references to another few objects, and each of those objects have a few more objects themselves and so on and so on. Suddenly pulling the top object of the database requires a few hundred objects to be pulled out of the database. This is pretty wasteful if you only needed to check a simple attribute of the topmost object.
To avoid this situation Pixie creates what are called "Proxy" objects. Whenever you pull an object out of the database the objects it references in turn are not pulled out of the database, but instead in the place in the object where they would have been stored one or more "Proxy" object are created. As soon as you call any method on these objects they are magically upgrade themselves to the real object by extracting themselves from the database (in a similar fashion to the way Object::Realize::Later objects upgrade themselves.) What this means is that Pixie is very efficient with database access, but you can't access the data structures of objects that haven't been extracted yet. For example:
 my $person = $pixie->get($cookie);
 # wont work, as shopping_basket is only a proxy object
 # you really should be using accessors methods!
 print $person->shopping_basket->{type};
 # works, as causes shopping_basket to be sucked in
 print $person->shopping_basket->value();
 # now works as shopping basket has been loaded and is
 # the real object now.
 print $person->shopping_basket->{type};
Although Pixie can store an awful lot of objects nicely and automatically, it does have problems when the data that is part of an object is inaccessible to Perl itself. One such case is when Perl is interfacing with a C library. Some of the data Pixie needs to store for that object may be squirrled away by the library in some place that Perl can't find it.
For this reason you shouldn't expect Pix


text:
SERS substrates for sensing in pathology and physiology
Item statusRestricted Access
Embargo end date25/06/2021
Fleming, Holly Anne
Monitoring physiological parameters such as pH at the site of a disease are important in determining the health status in patients. Current approaches are based on the analysis of arterial blood to measure systemic blood pH along with other parameters such as PO2 and PCO2, to allow assessment of gaseous exchange and ventilation efficiency. There has been a drive to develop improved sensors capable of continuous and dynamic monitoring of these aspects. Optical sensing devices have gained popularity as they can be designed to incorporate inexpensive optical fibres and miniaturised and mass-produced detectors and LED-based light sources. In addition to monitoring pH in a clinical situation, the development of physiological sensing tools for use at a cellular level has been critical in being able to non-invasively assess cellular response to a host of insults be it drug treatment or other cellular modulation strategies. The move towards three-dimensional (3D) cell culture has become increasingly attractive as a mimic of the 3D architecture and gradients found in vivo. The development of spatially selective sensors capable of measuring these physiological features could provide a tool in understanding cell-drug responses. In this thesis, multiple approaches were developed to enable SERS pH sensing based on both an optical fibre as well macroscopically entrapped SERS sensors applied as a means of observing extracellular pH within a 3D cell culture system. This included the use of pH responsive reporter molecules on nanoparticles (Chapter 2), their entrapment within macro-scale supports such as polymer beads and (Chapter 3), and paper (Chapter 4).


text:
Zoho have introduced 2FA and so we cannot use the email password with Lucee or any other client like outlook. To use the Zoho to send out an email using Lucee you need to create an app password. The steps are as below:
- Login to _URL_ with your email and password.
- Go to Security -> App Passwords
- Click the 'Generate New Password' link to create a new password
- Give an identifiable name and generate a password
- Copy the password and store it as you will not be able to retrieve this password again.
- Now, go to Lucee Admin -> Mail settings
- Add the values as shown.
Username: Your email.
Password: The one-time password that you have generated.
Note: If you try verifying the email connection through Lucee it will show an error that not able to connect to the server, but you can ignore that error.


text:
TOPICS IN FORENSIC SCIENCE - 2020/1
Module code: CHE3051
The purpose of this module is to give students a detailed knowledge of forensic chemistry. In this third year module, the chemistry relating to DNA, fingerprints, toxicology and forensic archaeology is dealt with in detail. Casework examples are used to give students a broad understanding of how data is interpreted. This module interacts with material that students are taught through analytical chemistry modules and demonstrates the application of relevant techniques to forensic casework.
SEARS Patrick (Chemistry)
Number of Credits: 15
ECTS Credits: 7.5
Framework: FHEQ Level 6
JACs code: F410
Module cap (Maximum number of students): N/A
Overall student workload
Lecture Hours: 21
Seminar Hours: 6
Prerequisites / Co-requisites
Indicative content includes:
Structure, base pairs, the genetic code, RNA, cell biology, mitochondrial DNA, chromosomes, sexual reproduction
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), likelihood ratios
CODIS and NDNAD databases, ethical considerations
The Colin Pitchfork case, possible surviving relatives of the Tsar, Syrian hameters, seven daughters of Eve hypotheses
Saliva, salivary amylase, RSID antibody test, whose saliva?
Semen, acid phosphotase, microscopic confirmation, whose semen?
Skeletal remains, isotopic analysis, pottery and ceramics, metallurgy, fabrics and textiles, CT- a copper age murder mystery – Otzi the iceman; Tutankhamun and related cases studies
Chemistry of fingerprints, interaction with developers, substrate and environment, new types of development, case studies
Posions and routes through the body, Toxic dose, sampling, toxicology of alcohol.Road traffic offenses, other intoxicant,s drug facilitated offences, case studies
Body Fluid Analysis
ABO typiing, Rhesus factor, blood collection and analysis, presumptive tests for blood, faceal and urine analysis
Blood spatter evidence
|Assessment type||Unit of assessment||Weighting|
|Examination||EXAMINATION (1.5 HOURS)||70|
The assessment strategy is designed to provide students with the opportunity to demonstrate
The assessment strategy is designed to assess whether students meet the learning outcomes of the module.
Thus, the summative assessment for this module consists of:
- Examination – 1.5 hours
- DNA Coursework
Test questions during exam tutorial
Discussion sessions; practice exam questions
- To examine the scope and background of forensic investigation of body fluids and other biological material.
- To give a detailed account of techniques used in advanced biomedical analysis.
- To introduce the student to techniques used to identify historical artefacts and materials.
- To outline the scope of forensic toxicology.
|001||Give a critical account of the theory and practice of various techniques used in a biomedical laboratory|
|002||Provide evidence of a detailed knowledge of the chemistry of body fluids and the value of evidence gathered from such specimens|
|003||Critically evaluate the value of evidence gathered from archaeological sites|
|004||Evaluate methods used to detect drugs and poisons and review the role played by forensic toxicology in forensic investigation|
C - Cognitive/analytical
K - Subject knowledge
T - Transferable skills
P - Professional/Practical skills
Methods of Teaching / Learning
The learning and teaching strategy is designed to:
Provide students with an up to date understanding of current forensic chemistry practices by seminars given by expert guest lecturers
Provide students with a detailed understanding of and a critical appreciation for biological evidence and its chemical analysis through lectures, casework examples, videos and discussions.
The learning and teaching methods include
Lectures (22 total)
Seminar (6 hours)
Indicated Lecture Hours (which may also include seminars, tutorials, workshops and other contact time) are approximate and may include in-class tests where one or more of these are an assessment on the module. In-class tests are scheduled/organised separately to taught content and will be published on to student personal timetables, where they apply to taken modules, as soon as they are finalised by central administration. This will usually be after the initial publication of the teaching timetable for the relevant semester.
Upon accessing the reading list, please search for the module using the module code: CHE3051
Please note that the information detailed within this record is accurate at the time of publishing and may be subject to change. This record contains information for the most up to date version of the programme / module for the 2020/1 academic year.


text:
Ridgewood High School teacher lauded by NJ Inventors Hall of Fame
A few years ago, using blackberry juice and titanium dioxide, a non-toxic ingredient found in powdered sugar, Ridgewood "High School (RHS) science teacher Lillian Labowsky and her students began making dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells with enough "juice" to power a calculator.
Three years after Labowsky began the project, which was funded through a National Science Foundation (NSF) program that paired graduate students and grade school teachers to promote science education, it is clear Labowsky did not just help her students make power - she also empowered them to invent.
For her involvement in the innovative two-year project, Labowsky has received accolades from both the state and the "district.
The physics and chemistry teacher was recently recognized by the Board of Education (BOE) for the 2012 "Advancement of Invention" Award she received from the New Jersey Inventors Hall of Fame (NJIHoF) in "October.
She was one of only 25 scientists in the state, including three Nobel Prize laureates, to be inducted in the Hall of Fame. Labowsky was nominated for the award by a Stevens Institute of Technology graduate who helped her with the NSF program project. She was chosen because, according to the NJIHoF, her teaching is "inspiring the next generation of scientists."
In a press release, her passion for science was deemed of "special note" and called "inspiring" by NJIHoF President Les Avery.
It was a high honor worthy of a teacher whose students, when contacted, spoke of her obvious passion and enthusiasm. It was also not the first time Nobel Prize winners have been closely associated with Labowsky, who said she was inspired to teach by her Yale University thesis adviser John Fenn, winner of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
"It is my goal to try to inspire young scientists just as [Professor] Fenn inspired me," said Labowsky, who attended Fenn's Nobel Prize ceremony.
While Labowsky is no longer participating in the NSF program because of a two-year limitation, the solar cell project "is still going strong," she said. It has been integrated into her curriculum and expanded into a larger nanotechnology project.
"I hope this project will serve as an enriching real world connection for my students," she said. "We will continue to make blackberry juice solar cells to run small electronics as we did for the past three years, but we will also explore other advanced technology areas such as nano-medicine, nano-fibers, and nano-glues."


text:
The course will allow you to gain the knowledge, practical and research skills that apply in all areas of pharmaceutical sciences covering the principles of pharmaceutical analysis, pharmaceutical regulatory affairs and formulation of liquid and solid pharmaceutical products, which you will need for a career in the pharmaceutical industry, research institute or biotech. You will also be given the opportunity to specialise in the area of advanced pharmaceutical analysis, quality control and regulatory affair, advanced pharmaceutical technologies or advanced biopharmaceutical innovations. An integral component of the course is a laboratory research dissertation worth 60 credits where you will work in a research laboratory involved with independent research supervised by experts in the field. The MSc course is an interdisciplinary course of study with the aim to allow you to design, develop and quality control better medicines for the future. Course Aims
- Design, develop and quality control better medicines to help people live longer, happier and healthier lives.
- Explore the principles of pharmaceutical analysis, pharmaceutical regulatory affairs, and the formulation of liquid and solid pharmaceutical products – knowledge essential to any pharmaceutical career.
- Develop your interests or focus on a future career path by choosing to specialise in advanced pharmaceutical analysis, quality control and regulatory affairs, advanced pharmaceutical technologies or advanced biopharmaceutical innovations.
- Learn to conduct independent research, supervised by leading experts, during your laboratory research dissertation.
A minimum 2:1 undergraduate degree with a final mark of at least 60% or above. If you have a lower degree classification, or a degree in an unrelated subject, your application may be considered if you can demonstrate significant relevant work experience, or offer a related graduate qualification (such as a Masters or PGDip).
Fees and funding
No fee information has been provided for this course


Brominating products are the preferred sanitizer for most spas. Since spas are usually covered or indoor, the bromine is not exposed to UV rays so the lack of a stabilizer is not a problem. Moreover, bromination has some distinct advantages:
 - Bromine Immediately Kills Bacteria and Algae – It's very effective at killing all types of algae
 - Bromine Keeps On Killing – When combined with nitrogenous material, the bromamines continue to actively kill bacteria
 - Bromine Can Be Reactivated – Oxidizing not only destroys built-up undesirable compounds, it gives new life to ineffective bromides
 - Bromine Works in a Wider Range of pH – This is especially important in a spa environment where pH has a tendency to bounce around
Oxidizing a bromine spa
Whether using chlorine or bromine, all spas should be oxidized periodically, based on bather loads. There are a lot of compounds that need to be oxidized, especially the oil, sweat and dirt that wash off a bather's skin. With bromination, oxidation also has a second major benefit as it reactivates the bromides, changing them from used-up bromide ions into the powerful bacteria-fighting hypobromous acid.


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We've cleared the waiting list and have already sent off a few extra headlights since Christmas. So now it's time to get back to more interesting blog posts.
One of the most common questions I get asked is:
'How long does the battery last?'
It's a good question to ask. The joy of using a high-powered headlight would be somewhat reduced if you needed to carry 20kg of spare batteries. Fortunately, a single set of 18650 cells will last most people an entire night.
If you missed my introduction to 18650 cells, then you can read up on them here.
The minimum runtimes you'll get with two Xtar (Panasonic) 3100mAh cells are:
- 3 hours on the spot,
- 4 hours on the flood at 100%,
- 10 hours on the flood at 40%,
- 28 hours on the flood at 15%,
- 85 hours on the flood at 5%,
- 400 hours on the flood at 1%.
For me personally, this means that by using the 15% flood most of the time, and only turning the spot when I need to find something, I can go all night on a pair of 18650 cells (which only weigh 45 grams each). It sounds like I am sacrificing light to make it last all night, but I'm not. The 15% flood is still brighter than most other headlights at full-power!
Below are some plots of the change in light intensity produced by the V3 over time. Each line represents a different power level.
Unfortunately, since the runtimes vary between 3 and 400 hours, it's hard to show them all on the same graph. So the first graph has a logarithmic time scale. This lets us see all the data on the same graph.
We just need to remember that the markings on the far left represent 6 minutes each, while the markings on the far right represent 100 hours each. Only the 1% level (which lasts 400 hours) gets into the 100-hour markings.
Unfortunately, not everyone thinks in logarithmic scales, so I've removed the lowest mode so that you can visualise it on a linear scale:
Comparing the levels
The important thing to remember with these graphs, is that the flood and spot beams are very different, so they were measured in different ways. There are no numbers on the vertical axis so that nobody gets confused. You cannot compare the intensity of the flood and the spot on these graphs. The graphs make it look like the spot is dimmer than the 100% flood, but this is not true.
The curve at the end of each line shows how the light gradually dims when the battery is almost flat. These lights are 'semi-regulated'. This means that they have a smart circuit inside them which maintains a constant level of light (see the flat bits in the graphs) until the battery is almost dead, then the light level drops gradually. This is better than 'unregulated' which starts to dim as soon as you turn it on. It's also better than 'fully-regulated' which stays bright for a few minutes longer but then goes out completely without any warning.
So how long does the spot really last?
Earlier I mentioned that the spot only lasts 3 hours, but the graph show us that it continues to shine up to about 8 hours. 3 hours is how long it lasts in regulation before it starts to dim slowly. So the way to think of it, is that it's a great beam for 3 hours, a good beam until 6 hours, and then a dim beam until 8 hours.
So how long does the battery last?
Long enough for most of us!


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Charente-Maritime department
Charente-Maritime is a department on the west coast of France. It was named after the Charente river. Its is one of the 83 first French departments made during the French revolution. Its population is 557,024 and its prefecture is La Rochelle.


Deep Dive Into OutSystems Plugins
Stuart Harris - 07/11/2019
This is Part II of a three part blog series on OutSystems development and how to create plugins. You can read Part I here.
As mentioned in my previous post, OutSystems allows users to create open source plugins and publish them to a community component registry called the forge. For Part Two, I'm explaining the creation of a FilePondUpload user interface forge plugin for Web Applications.
This is relevant to those interested in building a user interface forge component for an OutSystems web application. We'll cover configuration, integrating a JavaScript library, some sneaky tricks and cleaning up temporary files.
The FilePondUpload plugin exposes two webblocks providing drag and drop file upload, with the actions, entities and structures to support them. The plugin essentially integrates with OutSystems the FilePond JavaScript library by Rik Schennink.
When included on a page, to use the FilePondUpload control is straight forward. The upload process goes like this:
 - Either click browse or drag file/s onto the page.
 - The file/s will upload, show progress and if configured, will show a thumbnail if the file is an image.
 - The user clicks submit on the form to save their data.
 - On the server, the uploaded file/s are available to store.
Using the Control in Development
At development time, the developer drops the FileUpload webblock onto the page. It requires a text input control and configuration.
The webblock has a placeholder area which expects a text input control associated with a text variable. The webblock makes this input box hidden. The input box is used to pass the list of uploaded file identifiers to the server when the user submits the form.
The developer also passes a FilePondUploadConfig structure to configure the webblock. When the page is first displayed, the upload library is configured and initialized. The upload control is then displayed.
Then when the form is submitted, the developer must call FilePondUpload_GetUploadedFiles(UploadTokens) to retrieve the uploaded files.
The AutoUpload webblock is even easier. It just has an event that returns a file whenever one is uploaded.
This is a very quick and easy way to get multiple file upload to work in your OutSystems application.
Getting Started
Before even starting, make sure you search the forge for a similar plugin. If you find one that does not quite meet your needs, know that you can request to join the dev team for the plugin.
A forge component is an OutSystems application, so the first step is to create an application. This requires a bit of thought, ask yourself, when developers use your plugin, what dependencies will your plugin bring into their environment? What UI framework will they be using? Silk UI or the newer OutSystems UI?
For a component for (non-react) web apps, choose Traditional Web Application for OutSystem UI or Website for Silk UI. If you can, make your plugin independent of the UI framework. This way developers using either framework can use the plugin.
The FilePondUpload plugin it does not depend on either OutSystems UI or Silk UI. So I chose Traditional Web, but Website would have been ok too.
You are able to upload a logo for your plugin here, but you can also do this later.
Next, create a module. As FilePondUpload does not depend on a framework, I chose Blank.
Now we have an application and an empty module for the plugin.
Create a HTML Test Harness
Before diving head-on into OutSystems, it is a good idea to first check that the library you intend to use works.
For this plugin I created a simple HTML page with a form. For other libraries I create whatever mark-up is needed to exercise the JavaScript library. Then I manually included all the JavaScript and CSS files. At this point you can directly reference the online copies of the files, but I like to download them and keep a note of which versions I am using. Then write any JavaScript you require to initialize, configure and work with the library.
Remember to check all the browsers that you expect your component will need to support. This practice has saved me many hours, potentially days of frustration.
The UploadBlock Webblock
The UploadBlock webblock as four components:
 - a placeholder for the input text box,
 - a container to hold the file upload control,
 - a static image to show what the upload control looks like (only displayed at development time), and
 - webblocks which load the CSS and Javascript for the control.
The configuration JavaScript locates the input text control for file tokens using the HiddenUploadContainer's HTML id. The UploadContainer is where the FilePond upload control will be created.
The static image is displayed at development time, by putting it in the True fork of an If statement that is hardcoded to the value False. This static image is never displayed at runtime, but only to developer using the control. It's a handy technique.
The webblocks at the bottom ensure CSS and JavaScript required by the control are loaded.
Integrating the Library
In order for the configure function to do its work, all the minified JavaScript for the FilePond control must be inserted on the page.
The FilePondUploadJS webblock contains the FilePond library JavaScript in it's JavaScript attribute. The FilePondUploadCSS webblock contains the FilePond library CSS in its Style Sheet attribute. These webblocks have no user interface, but by placing these webblock on the page, their JavaScript and CSS will be available on the page.
The FilePondConfigureJS webblock contains configuration JavaScript in an Expression with Escape Content = No set. This webblock simply calls the configure function.
You could put all the files in the one webblock. I have only separated them so I can reuse the same JavaScript and CSS in another webblock.
So how does the FilePondUpload plugin work? The JavaScript library must be initialized and configured, then it must call an endpoint on the server, store the uploaded files, and provide an action to retrieve the uploaded files later. Additionally, files that are never retrieved must be removed from the system, when the user does not click submit for instance.
There are a few common tricks to make the configuration work. First, to pass configuration to the library, the configuration structure is converted to JSON using JSONSerialize and passed to a custom configuration function. The FilePondIdOptions_ToJSON() and FilePondConfig_ToJSON() actions handle the serialization. These functions just use the standard OutSystems JSON serialization widget to serialize configuration structures.
The configuration function is loaded on the page via the JavaScript in the FilePondUploadJS webblock.
The configure function accepts JavaScript objects, then initializes and configures the FilePond control. This function is exposed on a JavaScript variable called FilePondUpload. The rest of the configuration functionality happens within a JavaScript "closure".
Notice how the configure function is the only function exposed by the closure. If you need to expose more functions, just add them to the object returned at the bottom.
Notice also that the configure function sets up all the watches and call-backs necessary. This is important but can be subtle. Apart from initialization, try to write JavaScript that references the webblock, rather than trying to make the webblock call functions in the plugin. This helps decouple the webblock from the JavaScript.
When the File Reaches the Server
For each file dragged on, a file upload is triggered. The FilePond upload library takes care of this, as well as the display of upload progress.
The FilePond library is configured to upload the file to the /FilePondUpload/Upload.aspx web page. This web page is restricted to only registered users, meaning only logged in users can upload files.
When a file is uploaded, the Upload.aspx page's preparation action runs which retrieves the file using HTTPHandler.GetRequestFiles() and temporarily stores it in the UploadedFile entity. The session id is retrieved using the HTTPRequestHandler.GetSessionId() action and stored with the file. This will be used to ensure the uploaded file is only available to the user who uploaded it. Lastly a unique text identifier, or token, is generated, assigned and stored with the file.
Sneaky text/plain Trick
The FilePond library sent a HTTP POST to the Upload.aspx page, and expects a simple text response, which is an identifier for the uploaded file. However, OutSystems will normally return a whole web page. So here is what we do. By using a Download widget in the Preparation, setting the Mime-Type to "text/plain" the web page will return a text response rather than the HTML of the web page. We then use the BinaryData API to convert the file's text identifier to UTF-8 and pass it as binary data.
As there may be multiple file uploads, multiple text tokens may be appended to the hidden input box.
When the user clicks the submit button for the form, the text tokens stored in the value of the hidden input box is sent along with any other form data. The text tokens can then be used to retrieve the uploaded files, via the service side action FilePondUpload_GetUploadedFiles(UploadTokens).
And voila, you have the uploaded files to do with as you wish!
Auto Upload
So that's great, but the user still has to click on a button to submit the form, even though the file is already being held in temporary storage on the server.
This is why the plugin has a second file upload webblocks; AutoUpload.
The AutoUpload block will make the uploaded files available as soon as they have been uploaded. This block


Meaning of Furtive?
Furtive means sly or surreptitious. It is believed to have been first used in 1480 and is of Latin origin. It was derived from the word furtivus where furt means thief. Synonyms of this word include cloaked and sneaky.
1 Additional Answer Answer for: what does furtive mean
sly; shifty: a furtive manner.
Q&A Related to "Meaning of Furtive?"
Someone who is very furtive is someone who could be considered to be shift or shady, as if they have an ulterior motive of their actions. You can find more information here: http:
furtive means sneaky.
noun The act of proceeding slowly, deliberately, and secretly to escape observation: slinkiness, sneakiness, stealth, stealthiness. See move/halt.
Furtive:1:marked by quiet and caution and secrecy; taking pains to avoid being observed; 2:secret
Explore this Topic
Furtively means acting or being in a furtive manner or way. It is having hidden purposes or motives as you are mysterious, surreptitious and stealth. It is the...
Furtive means, taken, done, used, surreptitiously or by stealth, secret. Tell all your friends...
The word furtive is an adjective meaning a feeling of guilty and nervousness worrying that the discovery would lead to trouble. The synonyms for the term furtive...


text:
The cultivation area of rice for whole crop silage (WCS) has rapidly increased in the last decade in Japan due to increasing demand for domestic livestock feed as well as a measure for the use of redundant paddy field. On the other hand, the production cost of rice for WCS is largely supported by subsidy now, so it is required to reduce the production cost. Manure application is a prospective way to reduce the cost of fertilizer and to sustain soil fertility. Thus, we investigated the production of rice for WCS using manure in Itoshima region, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan, from the aspects of soil fertility, plant growth, and dry matter weight. The fields where manure was applied showed relatively high TN contents in soil whereas fields where manure was not applied showed low TN contents. This result indicated that soil fertility can be deteriorated by the continuous production of rice for WCS when organic matter is not supplied by manure and other materials. Plant length (r=0.748∗) and tiller number (r=0.891∗∗) at panicle initiation stage were closely correlated with TN content in soil whereas SPAD readings (r=0.846∗∗) at the same stage was closely correlated with mineralized N in soil. Dry matter weight was positively correlated with TN content in soil (r=0.767∗∗). Fields where manure was not applied had small dry matter weight although nitrogen was supplied from fertilizer. These results indicated that dry matter weight was significantly affected by soil fertility.
|ジャーナル||Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University|
|出版ステータス||出版済み - 2 1 2015|
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Agronomy and Crop Science


text:
Objective: This study examined the effects of bilingualism and multilingualism on supra-threshold auditory processing abilities in children. Design: Cross-sectional study. Study sample: Ninety children participated in the study, based on the number of languages they know children were assigned into three groups, i.e. monolingual, bilingual and multilingual. Amplitude modulation detection threshold, gap detection threshold, pitch discrimination threshold and spectral ripple discrimination threshold were measured. Results: Results showed superior supra-threshold auditory processing abilities among multilingual and bilingual children than monolingual children. The results further showed that, the supra-threshold auditory processing of multilingual children was better than bilingual children. Conclusion: This finding suggests that knowledge of multiple languages improves supra-threshold auditory processing abilities. This study adds to the growing body of literature supporting the superior supra-threshold auditory processing abilities among bilingual and multilingual individuals.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Language and Linguistics
- Linguistics and Language
- Speech and Hearing


text:
The question remains: Is ORNL's radioactive waste crossing the Clinch River?
For the past few years, there have been ongoing studies to determine whether radioactive wastes historically buried in trenches near the Clinch River may be somehow migrating under the river to groundwater on the other side. The U.S. Department of Energy paid to have monitoring wells installed on property across the river and also paid to bring water lines to riverside residents who used to get their drinking water from private wells.
Apparently the question of whether Oak Ridge National Laboratory's wastes are crossing the river via underground rock formations or some other means is still unresolved.
"Results to date (from wells across the river from the ORNL burial grounds) have shown intermittent detections of low levels of contaminants that may be associated with past disposal practices at the burial grounds)," John Owsley of the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation said in response to questions.
Owsley said the sampling efforts so far indicate there remains a potential for deep groundwater to move under the river. He said the parties to the Oak Ridge Federal Facilities Agreement -- TDEC, DOE and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency -- continue to monitor offsite groundwater in the area of the ORNL burial grounds.
The three agencies have agreed to develop an Oak Ridge Reservation Groundwater Strategy Document, Owsley said, "to determine an appropriate path forward for groundwater characterization."
That document is to be completed by Sept. 30, 2013, according to information provided by the state.
Asked if there was evidence that radioactive waste injected into deep rock formations in the 1970s and '80s, using a technique known as hydrofracture, was migrating off-site, Owsley replied:
"There has been no direct connection made to waste injected during the Hydrofracture Project to the contaminants detected in the offsite groundwater. This matter remains under scrutiny."
TDEC said the contaminants identified in the across-the-river groundwater samples include radioactive strontium-90 and technetium-99. In addition, there were "volatile organic compounds" -- Trichloroethene or TCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene (DCE), and vinyl chloride and a couple of metals, arsenic and selenium. The samples also identified "inorganic parameters," fluoride and pH, the state said.
"As noted, some can be associated with DOE disposal practices in Melton Valley," Owsley said via email. "The detections have been intermittent in that the contaminants are not detected in all wells nor are they detected every time a single well has been sampled."
Under the guielines of CERCLA, the environmental regulators are required to determine the nature and extent of off-site contamination, he said. "We're still working to determine that," he said.


text:
Judging of awards will be based on the following criteria. If the delegate:
- Represents the assigned country realistically, conveying a thorough understanding of the country's policy.
- Conducts oneself in a diplomatic manner during formal and informal debate.
- Shows a willingness to negotiate through topics for the benefit of the committee.
- Understands and follows the rules and procedures adopted at MUN which are listed in the guide.
- Conveys knowledge of United Nations's structure and functions.
- Displays the ability to verbally present policy, ideas and questions during conference meeting.
At BME Model United Nations, the following awards shall be given:
There are also awards for the best Photographer and the best Journalist.


text:
Abdulsalam, A.M.; Ithoi, I.; Al-Mekhlafi, H.M.; Ahmed, A.; Surin, J.; Mak, J.W.A.H. (2012) Drinking water is a significant predictor of Blastocystis infection among rural Malaysian primary schoolchildren. Parasitology, 1 (1). pp. 1-7. ISSN _PHONE_
Blastocystis infection has a worldwide distribution especially among the disadvantaged population and immunocompromised subjects. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and the association of Blastocystis infection with the socio-economic characteristics among 300 primary schoolchildren, living in rural communities in Lipis and Raub districts of Pahang state, Malaysia. Stool samples were collected and examined for the presence of Blastocystis using direct smear microscopy after in vitro cultivation in Jones' medium. The overall prevalence of Blastocystis infection was found to be as high as 25Â·7. The prevalence was signiï¬�cantly higher among children with gastrointestinal symptoms as compared to asymptomatic children (x 2=4Â·246; P=0Â·039). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that absence of a piped water supply (OR =3Â·13; 95 CI =1Â·78, 5Â·46; P<0Â·001) and low levels of mothers' education (OR=3Â·41; 95 CI =1Â·62, 7Â·18; P<0Â·01) were the signiï¬�cant predictors of Blastocystis infection. In conclusion, Blastocystis is prevalent among rural children and the important factors that determine the infection were the sources of drinking water and mothers' educational level. Interventions with provision of clean water supply and health education especially to mothers are required.
|Item Type: ||Article|
- Abdulsalam, A.M.
- Ithoi, I.
- Al-Mekhlafi, H.M.
- Ahmed, A.
- Surin, J.(Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Building, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA)
- Mak, J.W.A.H.
|Journal or Publication Title: ||Parasitology|
|Additional Information: ||Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia|
|Uncontrolled Keywords: ||Blastocystis, predictors, drinking water, schoolchildren, Malaysia.|
|Subjects: ||R Medicine|
|Divisions: ||Faculty of Medicine|
|Depositing User: ||jsurin johari surin|
|Date Deposited: ||19 Jun 2012 12:31|
|Last Modified: ||19 Jun 2012 12:31|
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