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|Tweet|Guiding Light A new kind of glass pane containing liquid crystal
droplets can guide and manipulate beams of light.
25, 2003: The Information Age rides on beams of carefully
controlled light. Because lasers form the arteries of modern
communications networks, dexterous manipulation of light underpins
the two definitive technologies of our times: telecommunications
and the Internet.
Now researchers at Harvard University have developed a new way of steering and manipulating light beams.
Using droplets of liquid crystals--the same substance in laptop
displays--the scientists can make a pane of glass that quickly
switches from transparent to diffracting and back again. When
the pane is transparent a laser beam passes straight through,
but when the pane is diffracting, it splits the beam, bending
it in several new directions.
"Telecommunications could be one application, but at this point we're still looking at the basic properties of these droplets. Their potential is great, and it's hard to imagine all the ways engineers might use them," says David Weitz, Gordon McKay Professor of Applied Physics at Harvard University and lead scientist for the NASA-supported research.
Beyond telecommunications, one could imagine this light-steering ability being useful in astronomy. For example, these liquid-crystal panes could be used in reverse to combine (rather than split) beams of light from multiple telescopes. Combining light from many telescopes, a technique called interferometery, is a good way to search for distant planets around other stars.
Another application: a liquid crystal pane held in front of the mirror of a telescope could be used to "unwrinkle" light that has passed through Earth's turbulent atmosphere. Such adaptive optics telescopes could gain a crystal-clear view of the heavens from Earth's surface.
The many uses of steering light are part of the reason that NASA recently decided to award Weitz and colleagues a grant for this research. In addition, NASA can provide a unique environment for experimenting with liquid crystals: low gravity.
"We've already seen several exciting results from fluid physics experiments done in Earth orbit," says Brad Carpenter, lead scientist for NASA's Physical Sciences Research Division. "This latest project of Dr. Weitz, who has already completed some successful experiments on the International Space Station (ISS), was selected for funding with the vision of aiding advances in optical information technologies."
All droplets are created equal
Liquid crystals are a class of liquids whose molecules are more orderly than molecules in regular fluids. Because of this orderliness, when these liquids interact with light, they can affect the light like crystals do.
Left: The droplets of liquid crystal in the Harvard group's experiments, like those shown here, are of equal size and arranged in a regular pattern. Image courtesy Harvard University.
A technique invented by Weitz and his colleagues produces
equal-sized droplets of liquid crystal, each about a dozen microns
across (a micron is one thousandth of a millimeter). Because
they're all the same size, packing the droplets together on a
glass plate causes them to arrange themselves into a honeycomb
It's this regular pattern that gives sheets of liquid crystal droplets their light-steering ability.
Making droplets of liquid crystals is nothing new; the basic technology has been around since the mid-1980s. Today you can find such droplets in the window-walls of some executives' offices. With the flip of a switch, the office's transparent windows magically change to opaque walls somewhat like frosted glass.
"The big difference between what we do and what has been done before is that older-style glass panes contain a random distribution of drops and drop sizes--tiny ones and big ones. They're not ordered at all," explains Darren Link, one of the scientists on the research team.
Without any order in the drop size and spacing, these older liquid crystal systems simply scatter light in all directions--hence the frosted-glass effect.
"In our case, because we make all the drops the same size, we're able to steer light in specific directions," Link says.
Left: Light striking a surface after passing through the flat sheet of liquid crystal droplets doesn't appear as a single dot, but is split and bent to produce a patterns of dots. Image courtesy Harvard University.
The molecules in a liquid crystal droplet are long and rod-shaped.
An electric field can steer these rods (much as a magnetic field
moves a compass needle) and so control how they guide rays of
light passing through them.
Steering light at will is useful enough, but Link suspects that the most interesting results will come from the next phase of their research.
Exploring another dimension
"Where I think the interesting new physics is going to be is in getting away from having a 2-D sheet and going into 3-dimensional ordered structures," Link says. "From now on our research will focus on doing this with real 3-D ordered structures using smaller particles."
Link and colleagues aren't sure what they're going to find when they shine light through several stacked-up layers of these ordered droplets... that's what's so exciting about doing it! It might split the light up into a rainbow, like a prism, or it might affect the light in a totally unexpected way.
But first they need to find reliable ways to arrange the droplets into various 3-dimensional patterns. This is where low gravity comes in handy.
Weightlessness greatly simplifies making 3-D structures from fluid droplets. The tiny droplets have a different density than the liquid in which they are suspended. On Earth they'll either float or sink, which greatly complicates arranging them into a pattern. In orbit, the lack of buoyancy allows droplets to remain nicely suspended, allowing researchers to explore many configurations that would be difficult or impossible to create on the ground.
Above: 3-dimensional stacked layers of liquid crystal droplets could have some novel and useful effects on light that passes through them. Image courtesy NASA.
Weitz says they intend to design a space-experiment and eventually fly it on the ISS. First, though, more research on the ground is needed to understand the basic physics of these droplets--how they respond to the applied electric field, and exactly how those responses affect the passing light. It's details such as these that could soon give researchers a new tool to use in their ever-expanding mastery of light.
More detailed information -- a short paper offering a more technical
explanation of the concept discussed in the article above
Weitz's research group's home page -- the Experimental Soft Condensed Matter Group home page at Harvard University
Liquid crystals and LCDs -- an explanation of what liquid crystals are and how they're used to make the LCD displays used in laptops and digital watches, from HowStuffWorks.com.
crystals: a tutorial
-- information about the history and physics of liquid crystals,
from the Georgia Institute of
A. Fernandez-Nieves, D.R. Link, D. Rudhardt, and D. A. Weitz, "Electrooptics of bipolar nematic liquid crystal droplets," preprint
D. Rudhardt, A. Fernandez-Nieves, D.R. Link, and D. A. Weitz, "Phase switching of ordered arrays of liquid crystal emulsions," Applied Physics Letters, 82 2610 (2003).


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Solid waste management collection costs in urban barangays: The Cadiz City experience
Defense Panel Chair
Defense Panel Member
MetadataShow full item record
Human activities generate wastes that are often discarded, as they are considered as worthless. The most common method of waste disposal is to first collect waste from the source and then dispose it in the dumpsite or landfill. In our country, the disposal of waste is under R.A.9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000. This paper presents the results of a study of actual municipal solid waste (MSW) costs and respective management practices of the urban barangays of Cadiz city. Barangays Zone 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, Daga and Banquerohan were chosen to be the study area. Data on solid waste collection, fuel and oil costs, maintenance cost, salaries, and wages of drivers and garbage collectors and supervisors, from eight urban barangays of the city were gathered and segregated in the agency reports. The monthly waste generation of the study area examined ranged from 431.30 tons/month to 485.80 tons/month, while the total waste management cost ranged from a minimum of Php 7,747.15/month/brgy to a maximum of Php 69,784.52/month/ brgy. The solid waste management costs are determined by a number of factors, including their quantity and composition, collection and transportation systems, treatment and final disposal methods, etc. A number of efficiency indicators are also estimated for each barangay in terms of solid waste disposal policy. Finally, an attempt to identify the causal factors for the differentiation of municipal costs is made, without underestimating the restrictions of the current analysis originating from the lack of reliable waste production data and full cost accounting systems. From the study, both the City Environment and Natural Resources Office -Solid Waste Management Division and the solid waste collectors are related in performing their responsibilities on managing waste collection system.
Caceres, F. B. , Jr. (2013). Solid waste management collection costs in urban barangays: The Cadiz City experience (Unpublished Special paper). Central Philippine University, Jaro, Iloilo City.
DepartmentCollege of Agriculture, Resources and Environmental Sciences
DegreeDiploma in Environmental Resource Management and Technologies
GSL Theses 630.72 C113

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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product description page
Constrained Markov Sequence Generation : Applications to Music and Text (Hardcover) (Franu00e7ois Pachet
About this item
This book deals with the problem of generating sequences in the style of a given corpus, in text or music. In particular, the authors study Markov models, which have long been used for capturing basic statistical information about how elements of a given alphabet are put together in representative sequences, formulating them as constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs), a formulation which opens the door to many extensions of basic Markov models through the modularity of constraint satisfaction.
The book will be valuable to practitioners, researchers, and graduate students engaged with algorithmic composition and constraint satisfaction.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Clinically Appicable Paper. Adherence to sport injury rehabilitation programs: an integrated psycho-social approach
MetadataShow full metadata
Introduction: The Adapted Planned Behaviour Model (APBM) is a two stage psycho-social theoretical model consisting of initiation or decision-making, and maintenance or rehabilitation behaviours. The initiation phase includes the primary factors of threat appraisals (perceived severity and susceptibility), goal orientation (learning goal and performance goal orientation) and attitude to the rehabilitation. These five factors directly influence the rehabilitation intentions which in turn influence rehabilitation adherence. Self-efficacy and self-motivation have roles in both the initiation and maintenance phases by influencing intentions and adherence. Rehabilitation adherence is further influenced by behavioural habits and secondary factors of coping ability (distraction, palliative, instrumental and emotional), treatment efficacy and social support (emotion and listening support and task appreciation and personal assistance from other people). Purpose: To test the ability of the APBM to predict rehabilitation intentions and adherence in individuals undertaking sport injury rehabilitation for tendonitis-related overuse injuries. Methods: This was a prospective one-group design in which 70 participants were followed through their rehabilitation. The sample consisted of 44 male and 26 female participants with a mean age of 32.5 years (±10.2), with most of the tendonitis-related overuse injuries being located at the ankle (41%), and lesser numbers at the knee (28%), shoulder (20%) and elbow (11%). Typically, the participants attended two 40 to 60 minute clinic rehabilitation sessions per week for eight to 10 weeks. The rehabilitation protocol consisted of structured progressive exercises and stretching activities, and in the early stages ice, heat and ultrasound were also included. At the beginning of the rehabilitation, participants were measured on self-efficacy, self-motivation, and the primary factors of the APBM (threat appraisals, goal orientation, and attitude to the rehabilitation programme) and rehabilitation intentions. During the rehabilitation attendance at the clinic appointments was recorded, and adherence to the clinicand home-based rehabilitation were measured. At the end of the rehabilitation the behavioural habits and the secondary factors of the APBM (coping ability, social support and treatment efficacy) were measured. Results: Regression analyses tested the ability of the psychosocial variables of the APBM to predict intentions, and the ability of the psycho-social variables and intentions to predict adherence. Intentions were significantly predicted by perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, learning orientation and attitude, but not self-efficacy, self-motivation and performance goal orientations. Clinic attendance was predicted by self-efficacy, self-motivation, intention, palliative coping, treatment efficacy, and personal assistance from the family. Clinic adherence was predicted by selfefficacy, self-motivation, intention, distraction and palliative coping, treatment efficacy and task appreciation by the physiotherapist and emotional support from friends. Homebased adherence was predicted by distraction and palliative coping, habit and task appreciation by the physiotherapist. Conclusion: The findings point to psycho-social variables influencing rehabilitation intentions, clinic attendance and adherence to clinicand home-based rehabilitation in an interactive manner during sport injury rehabilitation.


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SUS – SATELLITE BASED WARNING SYSTEM FOR VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES
The warning system is based on data from the European Sentinel satellites from the Copernicus program, as well as climate modelling and socio-economic data. SUS recieves funding from Den Europæriske Fond for Regionaludvikling og regionale udviklingsmidler via Vækstforum Hovedstaden and Water DTU.
MOIST – Managing and Optimizing Irrigation by Satellite Tools
SEN-ET Sentinels for Evapotranspiration
SpaceAcademy@DK will bring space research into the classrooms in higher education – to ensure that Denmark educates future labor so the potential in space data and space research can be fully utilized, and on the other hand to increase recruitment to STEM programs by using the fascination power of Space. SpaceAcademy@DK receives funding from the Danish Ministry of Education and Science.


A xanthoma, located in the ulna, not accompanied by the traditional cutaneous and tendinous manifestations (xanthoma and xanthelasma) and with a late onset of alterations in lipid values, was diagnosed in a 56-year-old man. The lesion had a slow but constant growth leading to internal calcifications. Hyperlipidemia Type IIB occurred 15 years after the xanthoma first was detected by radiographs. Therefore, in this patient, xanthoma of bone was the first sign of dyslipidemia.


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Aydemir, Sibel and Aydemir, Ülker and Dirschedl, Peter
Survivalanalysen mit Berücksichtigung der zeitlichen Kovariablenentwicklung in klinischen Studien.
Collaborative Research Center 386, Discussion Paper 44
Data from the Stanford Heart Transplantation Study and our own study on brain tumor include time-dependent covariates like transplantation, which may switch only once, and others changing their value several times during follow-up. But classical analyses never used this additional information. In a comparative study we applied the time-dependent Cox model, pooled Cox regression and the linear counting process by Aalen to these data sets. All methods do show similar results when they are carried out in their 'fixed' version, i.e. using baseline information only, or when covariates are being treated as time-dependent. But the estimated effects do differ remarkably between fixed and time-dependent approaches, thus leading to different interpretations of risks.


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HtmlEditorPasteMode Enum
Lists values that specify how the HTML content is pasted to ASPxHtmlEditor.
Namespace: DevExpress.Web.ASPxHtmlEditor
Assembly: DevExpress.Web.ASPxHtmlEditor.v19.2.dll
Declaration
public enum HtmlEditorPasteMode
Members
Name Description
SourceFormatting
The formatting of the pasted content is retained. A style definition that is associated with the copied text is copied to the destination document.
MergeFormatting
The formatting of the pasted content is mostly discarded. However, emphasis formatting, such as bold and italic text, is retained. The content takes on the style characteristics of the paragraph where it is pasted. The content also takes on any direct formatting or style properties of element that immediately precedes the cursor when the content is pasted.
PlainText
The formatting of the pasted content and non-text elements, such as pictures or tables, is discarded. The text takes on the style characteristics of the paragraph where it is pasted and takes on any direct formatting or character style properties of text that immediately precedes the cursor when the text is pasted. Graphical elements are discarded, and tables are converted to a series of paragraphs.
Related API Members
The following properties accept/return HtmlEditorPasteMode values:
Remarks
The values listed by this enumeration are used to set the ASPxHtmlEditorHtmlEditingSettings.PasteMode attribute.
See Also


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Yaj mani mandap meaning in English
Meaning of "Yaj mani mandap"Viewed 38 times |
1. canopy to perform sacrifices under
Get English meaning of word 'yaj mani mandap'. Know Yaj mani mandap in English. Get the translation of yaj mani mandap in English language. Know the answer of question: What is the meaning of yaj mani mandap in English language? You will find the English word for Nepali word 'yaj mani mandap'. You can use this Nepali word in your daily life. Yaj mani mandap is a Nepali word.


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Books by This Author
From her early days in Harlem to becoming the First Lady of Jazz, the story of Ella Fitzgerald is presented by a cool feline named Scat Cat Monroe. As Scat Cat steals through the pages of this book, Ella Fitzgeraldï¿½s life and work are revealed in jazz-inspired language accompanied by dramatic scratchboard illustrations. The result is a lively and loving picture book biography.
Reenie and her mother often fish along a river nicknamed Jim Crow, where they often see Peter and his father fishing, too. Since Reenie is black and Peter is white, they never speak — until Reenie reaches out to bridge a divide even wider than the river. A hopeful ending concludes this expressively illustrated recollection of the author's childhood.


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In Girl in forest, Mount Macedon Frederick McCubbin revisits a central theme in his oeuvre: the activities of children in the Australian bush. He had previously painted scenes of children lost in the bush – narratives of innocence and vulnerability within the landscape. McCubbin also explored the magical worlds invented by children through storytelling and imagination. In works such as What the little girl saw in the bush 1904 (private collection, reproduced p. 28) he sought to capture ideas of creative freedom and expression that children unselfconsciously bring to their surrounds.
In Girl in forest, Mount Macedon a young girl wanders through the bush carrying a basket, possibly collecting wildflowers or berries. She is small beside the large trees and thick growth, her white dress setting her apart from her environment. McCubbin has paid close attention to the study of dappled light through trees and foliage. Areas of the canvas appear abstracted and flecks of colour are layered over each other using a palette knife. Moving back from the work the scene comes into focus – a glorious image of gold, pink and violet; bracken, bark and gum.
Girl in forest, Mount Macedon depicts the bush close to 'Fontainebleau', the McCubbin's residence at Mount Macedon about 60 kilometres north-west of Melbourne. The child in the image is the artist's youngest daughter, Kathleen, who posed for her father numerous times.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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A horizon scan of global conservation issues for 2011
This review describes outcomes of a 2010 horizon-scanning exercise building upon the first exercise conducted in 2009. The aim of both horizon scans was to identify emerging issues that could have substantial impacts on the conservation of biological diversity, and to do so sufficiently early to encourage policy-relevant, practical research on those issues. Our group included professional horizon scanners and researchers affiliated with universities and non- and inter-governmental organizations, including specialists on topics such as invasive species, wildlife diseases and coral reefs. We identified 15 nascent issues, including new greenhouse gases, genetic techniques to eradicate mosquitoes, milk consumption in Asia and societal pessimism.
Authors: Sutherland, William J., Bardsley, Sarah, Bennun, Leon, Clout, Mick, Côté, Isabelle M., Depledge, Michael H., Dicks, Lynn V., Dobson, Andrew P., Fellman, Liz, Fleishman, Erica, Gibbons, David W., Impey, Andrew J., Lawton, John H., Lickorish, Fiona, Lindenmayer, David B., Lovejoy, Thomas E., Mac Nally, Ralph, Madgwick, Jane, Peck, Lloyd S. ORCID record for Lloyd S. Peck, Pretty, Jules, Prior, Stephanie V., Redford, Kent H., Scharlemann, Jörn P.W., Spalding, Mark, Watkinson, Andrew R.


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Agricultural Buffer Setbacks
To further protect commercial agricultural land from potential conflicts with non-agricultural uses, a 200 foot agricultural buffer setback is required between habitable uses (includes outdoor areas) and land designated as an Agricultural Resource Type in the County General Plan. The buffer is measured from the proposed habitable area and/or habitable structure to the property line of the parcel designated as an Agricultural Resource Type. Proposals to construct within the 200 foot buffer will be considered by the Agricultural Policy Advisory Commission (APAC) at a public hearing.
Examples of common uses that will require approval of an Agricultural Buffer Reduction from the Agricultural Policy Advisory Commission at a Public Hearing:
- Single Family Dwellings
- Accessory Dwelling Units
- Habitable Accessory Structures
- Outdoor spaces associated with a habitable use such as patios, decks, and swimming pools.
- Commercial, industrial, recreational, or institutional structures
- Outdoor areas associated with a commercial, industrial, recreational, or institutional use such as public parking, dining patios, and other areas designed for intensive human use.
Examples of uses that will require administrative level approval of an Agricultural Buffer Reduction (no public hearing):
- Additions to existing residential construction including single family dwellings and habitable accessory structures.
- Additions to existing structures for private recreational facilities
- Agricultural Caretakers' Mobile Homes
Exceptions to the Agricultural Buffer Requirement:
- Additions of 1,000 square feet or less to an existing legal Single Family Dwelling that already encroaches into the 200 foot agricultural buffer setback as long as the addition does not encroach further into the 200 foot buffer setback.
In most cases, agricultural buffer reductions can be approved if features are proposed or present that mitigate potential negative impacts to adjacent or surrounding commercial agricultural land. Existing mitigations can include changes in topography, permanent substantial vegetation, or other physical barriers between the agriculture and non-agricultural uses. Proposed mitigations include the establishment of a physical barrier, typically a 6 foot tall solid wood fence with a vegetative buffer and the recordation of a Statement of Acknowledgement on the property title which acknowledges the potential for conflicts between the agricultural and non-agricultural uses.
County Code Section 16.50.095
Recommended Agricultural Buffer Planting List


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Hancock County Historical Society: Volunteer Driven
A crackerjack group of volunteers keeps the energy humming at one of the most respected historical societies in the country.
- story by Rebecca Orfila, photos by Rebecca Orfila and Ellis Anderson
The HCHS volunteer cohort consists of individuals with a love for history or a desire to give back to their community. Gifted with various talents and interests, each volunteer is invited to work in their area of interest or, with the assistance of the volunteer staff, match their skills with new or unfinished projects. With a smile, Charles Gray, the Executive Director of HCHS, confirmed that volunteers are provided a wide berth on their volunteerism and schedule: "Whatever works for you, works for us."
Volunteers can serve in many ways at HCHS. Several professional and avocational historians contribute quality articles to the monthly newsletter, The Historian of Hancock County. During a post-luncheon chat with a few of the volunteers, James Keating spoke of being inspired by Eddie Coleman (the editor of The Historian) to pursue his interest in the economic history of this area.
Keating, a New Orleans native and retired physician, has been published in The Historian several times, most recently in the April 2016 issue with his article "The Turpentine Industry in Hancock County." Other well-known contributors to The Historian include Coleman, Scott Bagley, and Russell Guerin. According to Coleman, submissions for The Historian are invited. If you are interested in submitting an article, contact the Society via the address or number listed below.
Historical societies gather, organize, and share information with researchers, genealogists, visitors, and other interested parties by making paper or digital documents available to the public. HCHS maintains documents and indexes of local cemetery records, for example. These resources — and much more — are available to the general public at the Lobrano House in downtown Bay St. Louis and on the Society's ever-expanding website, where the cache of digitized records available for research increases every day.
Through the efforts of volunteer researchers, writers, computer aficionados, organizers, and "boots on the ground" folks, the Society continues to add to their collection. Many local and New Orleans families have donated records and images, which are scanned for archival and research purposes.
Personal materials, including private letters, tell stories and even provide details on confidential matters. According to Gray and Coleman, the Society does not censor when asked for information. No matter what the contents of a letter, album, or image, any donation will be made available to the public. "We don't want any secrets," Gray said.
The amount and accessibility of resources at the Hancock County Historical Society has raised the bar for other county and city societies to provide research materials and educational events to the interested public. As noted by Gray, "Our ultimate goal is to consign all the written documents on Hancock County history that we can gather into a database that will provide instant access to information being sought."
"We all learned a great deal from Katrina," recalled Coleman. The hurricane was a major impetus for increased focus on digitizing.
Over the years, HCHS has received and cataloged thousands of primary (original papers, images, and maps) and secondary (books, annuals, and reproduced images) resources. Cataloguing documents takes a great deal of time. A collection of photographic negatives from Anthony Scafidi, a prolific Bay St. Louis photographer of the late 1940s through the early '60s, for example, took multiple volunteers an entire year to clean, scan, and print for conservation purposes.
Marianne Pluim, volunteer webmaster and computer pro, shared her thoughts on digitizing materials for public access and archival protection. According to Ms. Pluim, having access to cemetery, marriage, divorce, and land records online has made it possible for researchers at a distance to find key elements to their genealogical or historical research.
Also, between 125 and 150 people actually visit the HCHS each month for research purposes, and having the digitized materials helps to make research time less lengthy. It also secures these important resources in case of natural disaster.
Volunteer Beth Weidlich, like Marianne, is interested in saving a large quantity of materials for posterity. A regular Tuesday volunteer, Beth is deep into a project to scan materials located in the vertical files for uploading.
Ana Balka works alongside Weidlich on the resources archive project, and recognizes the importance of history to county residents, but also to newcomers to the area. A transplant herself, Ana sees opportunities to expand our understanding of history in Hancock County by researching for example, the economic ebb and flow of businesses before and after catastrophic weather events, or for deepening our understanding of African American history in the county.
Dot Larroux Kersanac, another volunteer, is working on her own project. She is crusading to gain a Magnolia Marker for Cedar Point, where her family has had a presence for many years. A former teacher and respiratory therapist, her work-in-progress began in October 2015.
The Historical Society is concerned with more than paper documents. The Society and the Bay-Waveland Garden Club work together to register Hancock County's oldest live oak trees, with volunteer Shawn Prychitko at the helm of those efforts. Read in-depth stories from the Cleaver about live oak registration here and here.
Jim Thriffiley, 1st Vice President, is in charge of scheduling the monthly speakers. When asked what qualities a speaker should have, Thriffiley responded, "Warm, receptive, and clever."
Eddie Coleman said that people from many countries and states have contacted the Historical Society for assistance in research or genealogy. Between in-person visitors, telephone calls, and email inquiries, the daily workings and research fill the day for volunteers.
The HCHS Board of Directors are all volunteers: Board President is Marco Giardino; Jim Thriffiley is 1st Vice President; Jackie Allain 2nd Vice President; Lana Noonan, Secretary; Georgie Morton, Treasurer. Scott Bagley, Publicity Chairman; John Gibson, Historian; and Ames Kergosien, Member-at-Large.
This year on October 31st, the Society will hold its 23rd annual cemetery tour in Cedar Rest Cemetery. According to Gray, the event needs many volunteers every year to be successful: 10-12 to portray historical figures buried in the cemetery, another 10-12 to serve as guides, and several to welcome visitors to the Lobrano house, where guests are invited after the tour.
As noted on the Society website, "All talents are welcome. No experience required." Come join in the fun and help preserve Hancock County history.
For more information on volunteering, possible submissions to the newsletter, or research, contact HCHS at _PHONE_ or _EMAIL_.


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Genetic diversity assessment of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) germplasm using molecular and morphological markers
The present investigation was undertaken to assess the genetic diversity of 48 flax germplasm using molecular and morphological markers. 90 SSR and 10 ISSR flax markers were employed for molecular diversity analysis. Out of these, 25 microsatellite markers were found to be polymorphic giving a total of 99 bands with an average of 3.96 bands per marker ranging from 2 to 12. The polymorphic information content (PIC) value of each SSR primer pair ranged from 0.21 to 0.88 with an average of 0.49 while, in case of ISSR primers, out of 10 primers, only 2 were found polymorphic producing a total of 20 bands with an average of 10 bands per marker ranging from 2 to 11. The polymorphic information content (PIC) value of ISSR primer pair ranged from 0.62 to 0.75 with an average of 0.68. Cluster analysis based on Jaccard's similarity coefficient using UPGMA grouped the 48 flax genotypes into two clusters and ranged from 0.56 to 0.97 with an average similarity index of 0.76. Whereas, in morphological divergence, 48 flax genotypes were grouped into five clusters using Tocher's method in Mahalanobis D2 statistics. Cluster IV comprising most of the divergent genotypes. The genotypes in cluster III and cluster V exhibited high degree of genetic diversity. Cluster III reflected high cluster means for seed yield per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of primary branches per plant and number of secondary branches per plant. It was evident from both the diversity analysis that two introduced genotypes Neela and R-4158 were the most divergent genotypes followed by PKDL -43, RLC-137, KL-168 and R-4152.
It is certified that:
- The corresponding author is fully responsible for any disputes arising due to the publication of his/her manuscript.
- The article has been seen by all the authors who are satisfied with its form and content.
- The sequence of names of authors in the by-line is as per their relative contribution to this experiment, giving due credit to all scientists who made notable contribution to it.
- All the authors fully understand that inclusion of any other co-authors or exclusion of any co-authors is not possible once the article has been submitted to the journal.
- The corresponding author takes full responsibility for this article.
- The address of the organization where the research was conducted is given.
- The article is exclusive for this journal, and the results reported here have not been sent (and will not be sent during its consideration by this journal) for publication in any other journal.
- Authors agree to abide by the objective comments of referees and do agree to modify the article into a short note as per the recommendation, for publication in the Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding.
- If published in Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, the copyright of this article would vest with the Indian Society of Plant Breeders, who will have the right to enter into any agreement with any organization in India or abroad engaged in reprography, photocopying, storage and dissemination of information contained in it, and neither we nor our legal heirs will have any claims on royalty.


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by Barbara Walvoord
50: The number of total acres of Lathrop land, on both campuses, that have been cleared of invasives, or that are part way through a three-year project to clear invasives. This is a terrific achievement!
4: The number of grants we have received for this work.
Beyond 5,000: The number of invasive plants that volunteer residents have cleared from our land. Some of these plants were garlic mustard plants or shrub and tree seedlings we pulled quickly; some were humongous multiflora rose bushes that took an hour to cut down with our loppers and saws. Some were bittersweet vines as thick as your arm. In addition, our Polatin Ecological Services team has cleared more thousands of invasives from our fifty acres.
96%: The percentage of birds that need insects, not just seeds and nectar, to raise their young.
90%: The percentage of insects that eat only native plants. Plants develop structure and chemistry that deter insect eaters. But a native insect species has developed mouth parts and body chemistry to overcome the defenses of one, or a small number, of native plants Continue reading New Year by the Numbers


Dart: 2 Ways to Find Common Elements of 2 Lists
Updated: September 15, 2023 By: A Goodman Post a comment
Common (mutual) elements of two lists are the values or items that exist in both lists, appearing in each list at least once. These elements are shared or overlapping between the two lists. This succinct, example-based article will walk you through some different ways to find common elements of two given lists in Dart (and Flutter as well). Let's begin!
Using Set operations
This solution uses the built-in Set class in Dart, which provides methods for performing set operations such as intersection, union, difference, etc.
The steps:
 1. Convert the two lists into sets using the toSet() method.
 2. Use the intersection() method on one of the sets and pass the other set as an argument. This will return a new set that contains the elements that are common to both sets.
 3. Convert the resulting set back to a list using the toList() method.
Code example:
// KindaCode.com
// main.dart
import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart' show kDebugMode;
void main() {
 // Define two lists
 List<int> list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
 List<int> list2 = [3, 4, 5, 6, 7];
 // Convert the lists to sets
 Set<int> set1 = list1.toSet();
 Set<int> set2 = list2.toSet();
 // Find the intersection of the sets
 Set<int> common = set1.intersection(set2);
 // Convert the set to a list
 List<int> result = common.toList();
 // Print the result
 if (kDebugMode) {
 print(result);
 }
}
Output:
[3, 4, 5]
This approach is simple, concise, and easy to implement.
Using a temporary map
This approach uses a temporary map to store the frequency of each element in one of the lists and then iterates over the other list to check if any element matches with the keys in the map. The detailed instruction is as follows:
 1. Create an empty map using the Map() constructor or the {} literal syntax.
 2. Loop through one of the lists and for each element, increment its value in the map by one. If the element does not exist in the map, initialize its value to one.
 3. Create an empty list to store the result.
 4. Loop through the other list and for each element, check if it exists as a key in the map. If yes, append it to the result list and set its value in the map to zero. This will ensure that duplicate elements are not added to the result list more than once.
 5. Return or print the result list.
Complete example:
// KindaCode.com
// main.dart
import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart' show kDebugMode;
void main() {
 // Define two lists
 List list1 = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'E', 'C'];
 List list2 = ['C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'C', 'D'];
 // Create an empty map
 Map<String, int> map = {};
 // Loop through list1 and update the map
 for (var s in list1) {
 if (map.containsKey(s)) {
 // we use ! to deal with null safety
 map[s] = map[s]! + 1;
 } else {
 map[s] = 1;
 }
 }
 // Create an empty list for result
 List result = [];
 // Loop through list2 and check for common elements
 for (var s in list2) {
 if (map.containsKey(s)) {
 // Add the element to the result list only if it's not already there
 if (map[s]! > 0) {
 result.add(s);
 map[s] = 0;
 }
 }
 }
 // Print or return the result
 if (kDebugMode) {
 print(result);
 }
}
Output:
[C, D, E]
This approach is a little bit more verbose than the first one, but it gives you more flexibility to customize the logic.
Conclusion
You've learned more than one technique to get a list of mutual elements from two other given lists. If you'd like to explore more new and exciting about modern Flutter and Dart, take a look at the following articles:
You can also tour around our Flutter topic page or Dart topic page for the most recent tutorials and examples.
Related Articles


CW complex
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
An n-dimensional closed cell is the image of an n-dimensional closed ball under an attaching map. For example, a simplex is a closed cell, and more generally, a convex polytope is a closed cell. An n-dimensional open cell is a topological space that is homeomorphic to the n-dimensional open ball. A 0-dimensional open (and closed) cell is a singleton space. Closure-finite means that each closed cell is covered by a finite union of open cells.
A CW complex is a Hausdorff space X together with a partition of X into open cells (of perhaps varying dimension) that satisfies two additional properties:
Relative CW complexes[edit]
Roughly speaking, a relative CW complex differs from a CW complex in that we allow it to have one extra building block which does not necessarily possess a cellular structure. This extra-block can be treated as a (-1)-dimensional cell in the former definition.[1][2][3]
Inductive definition of CW complexes[edit]
A CW complex is often constructed by defining its skeleta inductively. Begin by taking the 0-skeleton to be a discrete space. Next, attach 1-cells to the 0-skeleton. Here, each 1-cell begins as a closed 1-ball and is attached to the 0-skeleton via some (continuous) map from the boundary of the 1-ball, that is, from the 0-sphere. Each point of can be identified with its image in the 0-skeleton under the aforementioned map; this is an equivalence relation. The 1-skeleton is then defined to be the identification space obtained from the union of the 0-skeleton and 1-cells under this equivalence relation.
In general, given the (n − 1)-skeleton, the n-skeleton is formed by attaching n-cells to it. Each n-cell begins as a closed n-ball and is attached to the (n − 1)-skeleton via some continuous map from the boundary of the n-ball, that is, from the (n − 1)-sphere. Each point of can be identified with its image in the (n − 1)-skeleton under the aforementioned map; this is again an equivalence relation. The restriction of the attaching map to the inside of the ball, i.e. to the open n-disk, is required to be a homeomorphism onto its image. The n-skeleton is then defined to be the identification space obtained from the union of the (n − 1)-skeleton and n-cells under this equivalence relation.
Up to isomorphism every n-dimensional complex can be obtained from its (n − 1)-skeleton in this sense, and thus every finite-dimensional CW complex can be built up by the process above. This is true even for infinite-dimensional complexes, with the understanding that the result of the infinite process is the direct limit of the skeleta: a set is closed in X if and only if it meets each skeleton in a closed set.
 - The standard CW structure on the real numbers has 0-skeleton the integers and as 1-cells the intervals. Similarly, the standard CW structure on has cubical cells that are products of the 0 and 1-cells from. This is the standard cubic lattice cell structure on.
 - A polyhedron is naturally a CW complex.
 - A graph is a 1-dimensional CW complex. Trivalent graphs can be considered as generic 1-dimensional CW complexes. Specifically, if X is a 1-dimensional CW complex, the attaching map for a 1-cell is a map from a two-point space to X,. This map can be perturbed to be disjoint from the 0-skeleton of X if and only if and are not 0-valence vertices of X.
 - An infinite-dimensional Hilbert space is not a CW complex: it is a Baire space and therefore cannot be written as a countable union of n-skeletons, each of which being a closed set with empty interior. This argument extends to many other infinite-dimensional spaces.
 - The terminology for a generic 2-dimensional CW complex is a shadow.[4]
 - The n-dimensional sphere admits a CW structure with two cells, one 0-cell and one n-cell. Here the n-cell is attached by the constant mapping from to 0-cell. There is a popular alternative cell decomposition, since the equatorial inclusion has complement two balls: the upper and lower hemi-spheres. Inductively, this gives a CW decomposition with two cells in every dimension k such that.
 - The n-dimensional real projective space admits a CW structure with one cell in each dimension.
 - Grassmannian manifolds admit a CW structure called Schubert cells.
 - Differentiable manifolds, algebraic and projective varieties have the homotopy-type of CW complexes.
 - The one-point compactification of a cusped hyperbolic manifold has a canonical CW decomposition with only one 0-cell (the compactification point) called the Epstein-Penner Decomposition. Such cell decompositions are frequently called ideal polyhedral decompositions and are used in popular computer software, such as SnapPea.
 - The space has the homotopy-type of a CW complex (it is contractible) but it does not admit a CW decomposition, since it is not locally contractible.
 - The Hawaiian earring is an example of a topological space that does not have the homotopy-type of a CW complex.
Homology and cohomology of CW complexes[edit]
Singular homology and cohomology of CW complexes is readily computable via cellular homology. Moreover, in the category of CW complexes and cellular maps, cellular homology can be interpreted as a homology theory. To compute an extraordinary (co)homology theory for a CW complex, the Atiyah-Hirzebruch spectral sequence is the analogue of cellular homology.
Some examples:
 - For the sphere, take the cell decomposition with two cells: a single 0-cell and a single n-cell. The cellular homology chain complex and homology are given by:
since all the differentials are zero.
Alternatively, if we use the equatorial decomposition with two cells in every dimension and the differentials are matrices of the form. This gives the same homology computation above, as the chain complex is exact at all terms except and.
 - For we get similarly
Both of the above examples are particularly simple because the homology is determined by the number of cells—i.e.: the cellular attaching maps have no role in these computations. This is a very special phenomenon and is not indicative of the general case.
Modification of CW structures[edit]
There is a technique, developed by Whitehead, for replacing a CW complex with a homotopy-equivalent CW complex which has a simpler CW decomposition.
Consider, for example, an arbitrary CW complex. Its 1-skeleton can be fairly complicated, being an arbitrary graph. Now consider a maximal forest F in this graph. Since it is a collection of trees, and trees are contractible, consider the space where the equivalence relation is generated by if they are contained in a common tree in the maximal forest F. The quotient map is a homotopy equivalence. Moreover, naturally inherits a CW structure, with cells corresponding to the cells of which are not contained in F. In particular, the 1-skeleton of is a disjoint union of wedges of circles.
Another way of stating the above is that a connected CW complex can be replaced by a homotopy-equivalent CW complex whose 0-skeleton consists of a single point.
Consider climbing up the connectivity ladder—assume X is a simply-connected CW complex whose 0-skeleton consists of a point. Can we, through suitable modifications, replace X by a homotopy-equivalent CW complex where consists of a single point? The answer is yes. The first step is to observe that and the attaching maps to construct from form a group presentation. The Tietze theorem for group presentations states that there is a sequence of moves we can perform to reduce this group presentation to the trivial presentation of the trivial group. There are two Tietze moves:
1) Adding/removing a generator. Adding a generator, from the perspective of the CW decomposition consists of adding a 1-cell and a 2-cell whose attaching map consists of the new 1-cell and the remainder of the attaching map is in. If we let be the corresponding CW complex then there is a homotopy-equivalence given by sliding the new 2-cell into X.
2) Adding/removing a relation. The act of adding a relation is similar, only one is replacing X by where the new 3-cell has an attaching map that consists of the new 2-cell and remainder mapping into. A similar slide gives a homotopy-equivalence.
If a CW complex X is n-connected one can find a homotopy-equivalent CW complex whose n-skeleton consists of a single point. The argument for is similar to the case, only one replaces Tietze moves for the fundamental group presentation by elementary matrix operations for the presentation matrices for (using the presentation matrices coming from cellular homology. i.e.: one can similarly realize elementary matrix operations by a sequence of addition/removal of cells or suitable homotopies of the attaching maps.
'The' homotopy category[edit]
The homotopy category of CW complexes is, in the opinion of some experts, the best if not the only candidate for the homotopy category (for technical reasons the version for pointed spaces is actually used).[5]


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Consider taking an interpreter when meeting with French
Europe's second largest economy offers a number of opportunities. The key to a good relationship with French partners involves having a clear understanding of French culture and etiquette, which are distinctly different from those in the U.S. The French believe that the business relationships you develop are more important than the contracts, so think in the long-term about building partnerships.
To start with, remember: you'll get furthest with some knowledge of French.
The traditional belief that the French often do not hassle with English and other foreign languages is not far from the truth. In large and multinational companies, the situation is better, but it is still recommended to learn at least a few basic phrases in French. Bonjour and Enchanté (it's nice to meet you) are almost essential. To a certain extent the emphasis on their own language is due to national pride. The French have a deep patriotism. Although it is a very diverse country in which many different cultures live, they tend to have a reserved approach towards foreigners. If you are in doubt about a situation, it might be best to use interpreters' services.
Consider taking an interpreter when meeting with French business partners
Stylish intellectuals
The key to a good relationship with French partners involves having a clear understanding of French culture and etiquette. French society is very hierarchic, and this also has an effect on business relationships. Therefore, always be careful to ensure that your French business partner communicates with someone in a correlating position in your company. Respect towards a company's management is also shown by men standing up when superiors enter the room or by at least acknowledging their arrival.
There is a general emphasis on education and good morals. In discussions with you, French business partners may debate about the most wide-ranging topics and in the process assess your intellectual abilities. French men are gentlemen based on principle, treat women with courtesy and adhere to ethical standards. Of course, there is also an emphasis on elegant fashion and aesthetics in general. For instance, the French consider the quality of their environment, wherever they are, to be very important. So, when choosing a location for lunch or dinner, consider not only the quality of the food and a good address, but also the restaurant's interior design and ambiance.
 First – and lasting — impressions
The French prefer personal interaction, so initial contact should be made by telephone, rather than e-mail. Arrive at meetings on time (although the French are comfortable with slight delays), shake your business partner's hand, and start the meeting with casual conversation. The French do not get right down to the heart of the matter, and this is in part because they are seeking to understand you as an individual. If you seem disinterested in debating the issues involved with your potential deal, they can consider that a sign of arrogance.
The French pay close attention to detail, so you can expect a lot of added questions. It will be a major advantage to have a visual presentation prepared, such as a PowerPoint presentation, and descriptions in French will aid your cause. The French are generally conservative, mainly as far as body language is concerned. Nonetheless, they do not mind stronger non-verbal communication.
When defending their own interests, the French know how to be tough, and when negotiating, they are suspicious of supposed "win-win" deals. They are not generally fond of risk, and prefer arrangements that leave room for adjustments and adaptations over time.
During negotiations, it is acceptable and appropriate to take detailed notes so that you will be able to ensure that everything makes sense. French meetings tend to be more creative than the average American business meeting. It can seem as if they are rudely interrupting you in conversation, but this is a customary French mode of expressing interest in the topic. It's probably a good idea to pay close attention to their suggestions, without allowing them to throw off your focus. For important negotiations, it is a good idea to sign a written document, such as a memorandum. In fact, with the French oral agreements don't mean much, so if you're serious, get it in writing.
Looking for a translation from or into French?
Contact us.


text:
The NRW Forum Dusseldorf am Ehrenhof is an exhibition venue designed by architect Wilhelm Kreis (_PHONE_) with expressionist brick facades focusing on photography, digital culture and pop art. On the occasion of the GeSoLei exhibition, the Ehrenhof area was built between 1925 and 1926 according to plans by Wilhelm Kreis. After the GeSoLei, the exhibition building for the NRW Forum initially housed the Reich Museum for Social and Economic Studies. It was opened on June 23, 1928 and represented a new type of contemporary museum.1 Oskar von Miller, the founder of the Deutsches Museum, was involved in its technical, economic and social history exhibition concept.2
As a separating building between the Forum and the Kunstpalast Dusseldorf, two open corner pavilions were built, which contain permanently installed artworks by the Dutch artist Jan Thorn-Prikker (_PHONE_): The Day as well as The Night (both 1926). Prikker taught at the Dusseldorf Art Academy in the 1920s; during the Nazi dictatorship, his works were classified as degenerate and covered with plaster. The entire so-called Ehrenhof ensemble is a listed building and, together with the individual buildings Tonhalle, NRW-Forum and Kunstpalast, has received entries in the Düsseldorf list of listed buildings.
A visit to the museum is very worthwhile, in addition, in the foyer is a very nice café with bar. The museum is located in the immediate vicinity of the Tonhalle, also designed by Wilhelm Kreis, on the Oberkasseler Brücke and the Kunstpalast Dusseldorf, in the middle of the so-called Dusseldorf Museum Mile.
NRW-Forum Düsseldorf, Ehrenhof 2, 40479 Düsseldorf.
To see the image caption in English click on the circular infopictogram on the right below the enlarged photo.


LDAP support with OpenDJ
Web Interface set-up
OpenDJ, formerly known as OpenDS is a full implementation of the LDAP version 3 which is also supported by Liferay as a client. Hence, the integration as a generic LDAP service is rather trivial if performed via Web interface:
 - log in as the administrator and open the Control Panel in the Manage drop-down menu;
 - choose the Settings option within the Portal section;
 - here, on the left side, under Configuration options, chose Authentication, and finally LDAP;
 - Add the server;
 - name parameter identifies this particular server instance;
 - Other Directory Server should be selected as a generic LDAP server.
Connection:
 - Base Provider URL represents the server host and port in the URI syntax;
 - Base DN is the starting point in the tree where all the searches should start from;
 - Principal is the user which Liferay uses to connect to the directory and perform required operations;
 - Credentials is the password of the principal.
Users:
 - Authentication Search Filter is the filter Liferay would use to search for the Liferay users (hoovering over the question mark gives more information on the type of variables that could be used to perform the mapping of Liferay fields to LDAP attributes);
 - Import Search Filter is used to identify the LDAP entries to be imported to Liferay user database, if the import option has been set to true;
 - Screen Name is the LDAP attribute which will be used for the value of Liferay screen name, by defualt it is "cn" but it could also be "uid", depending on your directory design;
 - Password is the LDAP attribute which holds the user password hash, default is "userPassword" which is also the default value for OpenDJ;
 - E-mail Address is the LDAP attribute for the e-mail address, by default "mail";
 - Full Name is the LDAP attribute for the full name of the user, by default it is empty, but typically it is "cn";
 - First Name is the LDAP attribute for the first name of the user, by default it is "givenName";
 - Middle Name is the LDAP attribute for the given name, by default it is empty;
 - Last Name is the LDAP attribute for the last name, by default it is "sn";
 - Job Title is the LDAP attribute for the job title, by default it is "title";
 - Group Membership is the LDAP attribute which lists the groups which the user belongs to, in OpenDJ this should be set to the operational attribute "isMemberOf".
Groups:
 - Import Search Filter is the LDAP filter which identifies the entries representing groups to be imported into the Liferay database if the import option has been set to true;
 - Group Name is the LDAP attribute which holds the name of the group, it defaults to "cn";
 - Description is the LDAP attribute which holds the description of the group, it defaults to "description";
 - User is the LDAP attribute which identifies the LDAP entry belonging to the group, it defaults to "uniqueMember".
Export:
 - Users DN is the distinguished name of the LDAP branch which holds the user entries;
 - User Default Object Classes represents the object class hierarchy for the user entries, it defaults to "top,person,inetOrgPerson,organizationalPerson";
 - Groups DN is the distinguished name of the LDAP branch which holds the group entries;
 - Group Default Object Classes represents the object class hierarchy for the group entries, it defaults to "top,groupOfUniqueNames".
Most of the default values are reasonable and correspond to the standard schema, so you would normally want to leave them as such. However, apart from the minor changes that might be needed in order to reflect your directory design, the most notable parameter would be the "group membership" which you would want changed to "isMemberOf".

Properties file setup
Although most of the parameters are configurable through the web interface, there are a few more which can be set only within the portal-ext.properties file. Please note that the web interface settings take precedence over the properties file, so if you have the same parameter set in both places, only the one in the web interface would be used.
The properties file has to be created in:
<web server root>/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/classes
The LDAP parameters with their default values are:
ldap.factory.initial=com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapCtxFactory
ldap.base.provider.url=ldap://localhost:10389
ldap.base.dn=dc=example,dc=com
ldap.security.principal=uid=admin,ou=system
ldap.security.credentials=secret
ldap.referral=follow
ldap.auth.enabled=false
ldap.auth.required=false
ldap.auth.method=bind
#ldap.auth.method=password-compare
ldap.auth.password.encryption.algorithm=
ldap.auth.password.encryption.algorithm.types=MD5,SHA
ldap.auth.search.filter=(mail=@email_address@)
ldap.user.default.object.classes=top,person,inetOrgPerson,organizationalPerson
ldap.user.mappings=uuid=uuid\nscreenName=cn\npassword=userPassword\nemailAddress=mail\nfirstName=givenName\nlastName=sn\njobTitle=title\ngroup=groupMembership
ldap.group.default.object.classes=top,groupOfUniqueNames
ldap.group.mappings=groupName=cn\ndescription=description\nuser=uniqueMember
ldap.import.enabled=false
ldap.import.on.startup=false
ldap.import.interval=10
ldap.import.user.search.filter=(objectClass=inetOrgPerson)
ldap.import.group.search.filter=(objectClass=groupOfUniqueNames)
ldap.import.method=user
#ldap.import.method=group
ldap.import.create.role.per.group=false
ldap.export.enabled=true
ldap.users.dn=ou=users,dc=example,dc=com
ldap.groups.dn=ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com
ldap.password.policy.enabled=false
ldap.error.password.age=age
ldap.error.password.expired=expired
ldap.error.password.history=history
ldap.error.password.not.changeable=not allowed to change
ldap.error.password.syntax=syntax
ldap.error.password.trivial=trivial
ldap.error.user.lockout=retry limit
As you can see, most of the parameters are the same as on the web interface, so we will focus on those that differ and affect the integration with OpenDJ:
 - ldap.auth.method, ldap.auth.password.encryption.algorithm and ldap.auth.password.encryption.algorithm.types are complementary and define the way Liferay handles authentication: ldap.auth.method can have two possible values: bind or password-compare. bind means the portal would try to perform an LDAP bind operation as the provided user and credentials (looking up it's DN with what is provided as the search filter parameter), and password-compare would generate a hash of the provided password and compare it to the has stored in the attribute specified as password parameter. For the second option, ldap.auth.password.encryption.algorithm and type specify which algorithms to use to produce the hash so that it can be matched to the hash in the directory.
 - ldap.import.method can be used to specified the way the LDAP entries are identified for importing (if this feature has been enabled). The possible values are: user and group. user option would use parameters specified for the user discovery (import filter and the attribute mapping), while the group option would first look for the groups and then import all members of the found groups.
 - although ldap.password.policy.enabled parameter exists in the web interface, the parameters which accompany it can be defined only the properties file. This parameter specifies that the Liferay should relay on the directory to handle the password policies (expiration, disabling and such) and the rest of the parameters define portions of the error messages returned by the directory which identify the state the account is in. Those parameters are: ldap.error.password.age, ldap.error.password.expired, ldap.error.password.history, ldap.error.password.not.changeable, ldap.error.password.syntax, ldap.error.password.trivial, ldap.error.user.lockout. Although, only ldap.error.user.lockout and ldap.error.password.expired are relevant as the LDAP authentication module does not verify any other.

LDAP password policy parameters
OpenDJ does not give the reason for the authentication failure by default as a security measure, but this option can be changed:
dsconfig -n -X set-global-configuration-prop -


text:
When you've eaten something spicy, you take a quick gulp of water to damp the hotness. But after sometime, it feels hot again. Why?
The hotness of chillies
Chillies, bell peppers and other spicy ingredients in food cause its 'hot'ness. This is because of a substance called capsaicin. The human tongue has many nerve endings called receptors that detect different tastes like sweet, bitter, sour and salty. One kind of receptors detects how warm the food is. Capsaicin irritates this receptor, causing the tongue to feel 'hot'.
The nature of capsaicin
Capsaicin, like any other organic substance, has a complex structure. One end of it is made of a long, straight chain of carbon atoms. At the other end, there is a 'benzene ring', six carbon atom linked together in a circle. The two linked by an 'amide bridge'. As carbon has a valency of four, there are different atoms attached to each carbon atom.
The long chain part of capsaicin has a particular property. It is hydrophobic, i.e. it does not dissolve in water. When you drink water, though it cools the tongue, it cannot dissolve and wash away the capsaicin. Therefore, the feeling of 'hot'ness returns.
Removing the 'hot' feeling
Hydrophobic substances dissolve only in other hydrophobic substances like oils and fats. Hence if you wish to remove the hotness after eating spicy food, eat a little butter or cream, and keep it on your tongue for some time. It will the dissolve the capsaicin and remove it from the receptor.
Here are two interesting facts for you to remember. Birds like parrots do not have the capsaicin-sensitive receptor on their tongues; that's why they enjoy chillies so much. By the way, capsaicin is related to another substance called vanillin, the flavoring agent commonly used in ice-creams!
When eating chilly, to remove the hotness, keep some butter or cream on your tongue for some time.


Differences between Mosses and Liverworts?
Mosses and liverworts both have leaves and stems. The differences between mosses and liverworts is that the leaves and stems in mosses are more uniform. The leaves and stems of liverworts are more varied with different design patterns.
Q&A Related to "Differences between Mosses and Liverworts?"
Bring it on.
Difference between mosses and liverworts is with the
Well, both types of plants are bryophytes, really simple land plants. Some differences include: The complexity of the rhizoids (these plants lack real roots) unicellular in liverworts
Though liverworts and mosses are similar, the end capsule on liverworts enlarges and matures before the stalk elongates. For this reason, you do not often see the stalks and capsules


Accursius Meaning in English, Accursius Baby Name Origin Gender Meaning Pronunciation
Does Accursius Baby Name seem like an intriguing name for your baby? Learn Accursius Name Meaning in English, its origin and which gender Accursius Baby Name is most suitable for. Check through our list of names that are related to the name Accursius, names similar to Accursius and sibling names of Accursius. Also, read through a detailed numerology report for the name Accursius.
Baby Image
To hasten
Related Accursius Baby Names
Accursio, Acharius
Similar Accursius Baby Names
Accorso, Accursio, Acharius, Azarious


text:
The boundary between Baetica and Noricum region on Lutetia
This image shows a portion of the surface of the main-belt asteroid (21) Lutetia. The image was obtained with the OSIRIS camera on ESA's Rosetta spacecraft as it flew past the asteroid on 10 July 2010.
By tracing craters and other features on Lutetia's surface, scientists have put together a geological map for the asteroid. Their studies have shown that Lutetia's surface comprises regions spanning a wide range of ages: each of them reveals a chapter in the long and tumultuous history of this asteroid.
The image shows the boundary between two of the regions that have been identified on the asteroid's surface in terms of their geological history. In particular, the image shows the abrupt transition between the young and smooth Baetica region, in the upper part of the image, and the much older and heavily cratered Noricum region, in the lower part of the image.


text:
Did you know?
What is it about fish and chips that makes them the number one takeaway in the UK? Is it the wonderful aroma, their unrivalled flavour, the warm comforting feeling that they provide, or simply their natural golden good looks?
Fish and chips from fish and chip shops are freshly prepared from natural products. Fillets of fish, mostly haddock or cod but sometimes plaice and whiting, are covered in batter, fried until golden and served with freshly chipped potatoes. Fish and chips are a wholesome dish and lower in calories than many of their fast food rivals. They have been recommended by doctors for pregnant women and were one of the only foods not to be rationed during the war. Historians even argue that fish and chips helped us to win the Second World War.
- Britain's favourite accompaniment to fish and chips is salt and vinegar but depending on the region, others are just as popular… mushy peas, tomato ketchup, curry sauce, gravy, or even a bottle of stout. Strange but true, the Chinese are so sweet on our fish and chips that they serve them with sugar.
- With more than 250 million fish and chip shop meals (featuring fish) consumed a year, the traditional dish of fish and chips is still top of the league of Britain's favourite fast foods.
- Fish and chips are a big favourite for family takeaway meals. They're nearly four times more popular than Indian curries.
- The sector employs some 61,000 people.
- Nearly 70% of us take our fish and chips home to eat.
- Cod is the most popular fish sold in fish and chip shops, accounting for 61.5% of fish sold, followed by Haddock at 25%. Other white fish such as Plaice are also popular Some shops offer locally landed fish depending on what is available in the market place, but the vast majority of the cod and haddock sold in fish and chip shops come from the sustainable waters of the Barents Sea and Iceland.
- More than one in six of us can't resist going to the fish and chip shop at least once a week. Those from Yorkshire have the biggest cravings.
- Fish and chip shops sell 424.8 million meals a year, that's seven meals from a fish and chip shop each year for every man, woman and child in the UK, 58% of these are fish and chips. This amounts to 255 million fish and chip meals a year.
£1.2 billion a year is spent in them – that means 1 in every 100 food pounds is spent at a fish and chip shop.
- They outsell Indian takeaways on a meal basis by four to one – and fish suppers outsell by two to one.
- Fish and chips have 9.42 grams of fat per 100 grams. Beating all other takeaways – the average pizza has 11, Big Mac meal with Medium fries has 12.1, Whopper meal with medium fries has 14.5, chicken korma 15.5 and doner kebab 16.2.
- The same goes for calories – 595 in the average portion – where the average pizza has 871, Big Mac meal with medium fries 888, Whopper meal with medium fries 892, chicken korma 910 and doner kebab 924.


text:
CASCaded Mentoring And Design Experiences (CASCADE) seeks to increase the number of well-qualified engineers for South Texas. Project strategies focus on implementation of design experiences throughout the engineering undergraduate curriculum with linkages to Javelina Innovation Laboratory to provide access to authentic design projects. This will be overlaid with an innovative cascaded mentoring program to support student success. Initially, CASCADE will pilot the curriculum implementation of design experiences in the civil engineering (CEEN) and mechanical engineering (MEEN) departments, and will subsequently expand to include the chemical and environmental engineering departments (CHEN and EVEN, respectively).
The overall goal of CASCADE is to increase the quantity, quality, and diversity of TAMUK students who successfully earn an engineering baccalaureate degree. Building on TAMUK's STEP 1A project outcomes and institutionalization efforts, CASCADE will engage engineering students in design exercises and experiences throughout their academic undergraduate careers, and provide student support in an innovative configuration of cascaded peer-mentoring. Incorporation of engineering design experiences across the undergraduate curriculum with linkages to the university's engineering innovation laboratory for access to industry projects will contribute to increased student retention and persistence to graduation.
This page was last updated on: December 17, 2013


What is segregation of waste?
Asked by Rupal Sinha | 6th Dec, 2013, 08:39: PM
Expert Answer:
Segregation of waste is carried out to reduce the load of deposition of unwanted things in the environment.
Deposition of non-biodegradable things leads to pollution.
Waste can be segregated in two ways:
A. Biodegradable Watse and Non-biodegradable waste
Biodegradable Waste
Non-biodegradable Waste
Organic waste such as kitchen waste, remain of vegetables, dried flowers, leaves, papers which can be used to make manure.
Wastes such as recyclable waste such as metals, glass, plastic
Toix waste: medicines, material used in hospitals.
B. Dry Garbage and Wet Garbage
On domestic level, in our houses we can segregate dry and wet garbage. Wet garbage can be disposed off more frequently as it decomposes fast and may spread bad odour and can be the site for the growth of certain microorganisms.
Answered by Hemangi Binny | 9th Dec, 2013, 08:51: AM


- latterdaykids
Jesus Christ's Atonement, Death, and Resurrection - Come Follow Me: April 6th-12th
It's Easter time! This week, as we approach Easter, is a wonderful time to gather as a family and reflect on the last week of Christ's life. We have created a lesson bundle and video that will assist your family in reflecting on the gifts of the atonement and resurrection.
Download this week's Lesson Bundle HERE!
➤ L E S S O N
Open the lesson with a song and a prayer.
➤ P R E P A R A T I O N
Gather some seeds to use as a prop (something familiar to the children would be ideal). If you don't have any seeds, you can simply cut out small seed shapes from a piece of paper. Also prepare a small container with some dirt or soil inside (for "planting" the seeds).
Give a seed to each child, then discuss the following questions:
1) What is this that you are holding? (a seed)
2) What can this seed become? (a plant)
3) What has to happen in order for the seed to become a plant? (planted in the earth, water, sunlight, etc.)
4) When the plant starts to grow, what happens to the seed? Will the seed still be there? (not the original seed - it gets destroyed as the seed turns into a plant)
Explain that "sacrifice" means to give up something valuable for something else that you want more. If we want to grow a plant, we have to sacrifice the seed.
Ask the children to "plant" their seeds in the small container of dirt. As they do this, explain: "If we want the plant to grow, we must be willing to sacrifice the seed. This is what sacrifice means."
🎥 V I D E O : "The Atonement of Jesus Christ"
Say: "We are going to watch a video about Jesus Christ, and the sacrifice that He made for all of us. See if you can tell what Jesus had to sacrifice, and what was the thing He wanted more."
[Watch Video: "The Atonement of Jesus Christ | Animated Scripture Lesson for Kids"]
Discuss the following questions after watching the video:
1) What does it mean to sacrifice something? (Discuss)
2) What sacrifice did Jesus Christ make? (Discuss)
3) What sacrifice did Heavenly Father make? (Discuss)
4) What blessings do we receive because of Jesus Christ's sacrifice? (resurrection, cleansed from our sins, live with Heavenly Father again)
5) Why did Heavenly Father and Jesus Christ make this sacrifice? (Discuss)
➤ S C R I P T U R E
Read the following scriptures, then discuss the questions that follow. Explain that this is when Jesus Christ was visiting the people in the Book of Mormon after He was resurrected.
[Read 3 Nephi 11:11]
1) What is a bitter cup? (Jesus' suffering)
2) Who gave Jesus the bitter cup? Who wanted Him to make the sacrifice? (Heavenly Father)
3) Why do you think Heavenly Father wanted Jesus Christ to make the sacrifice? (Discuss)
[Read 3 Nephi 11:13-14]
1) What did Jesus want the people to do? (Feel the nail prints in His hands and feet, and the wounds in His side)
2) Why did Jesus want the people to do this? (They didn't know if it was really Him, and they didn't know if He was really resurrected, this helped them to know it was him)
[Read Jacob 11:16-17]
1) What did the people do after they felt the nail prints and saw Jesus up close? (they rejoiced and shouted "Hosanna!")
2) Why do you think they were so happy? (Discuss the blessings of the Atonement of Jesus Christ)
➤ A C T I V I T Y
[Pass out activity pages]
Option 1: Color and assemble the scene with the sliding tabs (so that Jesus can move up and down, and the stone can move from side to side).
Option 2: Color the coloring page.
Use this time to talk about the blessings of the Atonement of Jesus Christ.
➤ T E S T I M O N Y
Bear testimony of the truths found in the scriptures.
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Phalangeal curvature in a chimpanzee raised like a human: Implications for inferring arboreality in fossil hominins
Posted: May 28, 2020 - 01:00pmDr. Ian Wallace is first author on a recently published article in PNAS (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America) entitled: Phalangeal curvature in a chimpanzee raised like a human: Implications for inferring arboreality in fossil hominins. To read the full article, click here.
Arboreal primates such as chimpanzees exhibit pronounced curvature in their hand and foot phalanges, which is assumed to develop throughout life in response to mechanical loads produced by grasping and hanging from branches. Intriguingly, ancient fossil hominins also exhibit substantial phalangeal curvature, which, too, has been interpreted as a direct result of habitual arboreality during life. Here, we describe the phalangeal curvature of a chimpanzee who was raised during the 1930s in New York City to live much like a human, including by having very few opportunities to engage in arboreal activities. We show that the degree of hand and foot phalangeal curvature in this individual is indistinguishable from that of wild chimpanzees and distinct from humans. Thus, rather than being a direct effect of mechanical loads produced by lifetime arboreal activities, phalangeal curvature appears to be shaped largely by genetic factors. An important implication of this finding is that phalangeal curvature among fossil hominins is evidently best interpreted as a primitive trait inherited from an arboreal ancestral species rather than proof of engagement in arboreal activities during life.


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Public Transport Accessibility Index
Development of Transit Score measure for CANUE - Canadian Urban Environmental Health Research Consortium.
The Public Transport Accessibility Index (PTAI) was calculated based on the method described by Saghapour, 2016[1] to measure the access level to public transport for each census tract in different metropolitan areas of Canada. This approach consists of two main procedures. The first of them relates to the distances from points of interest and their closest stops/stations. The second one includes walking catchments and CTs population densities proportions calculations. The PTAI was calculated for each census tract. In addition, the access level was calculated for each DA. In this case, the proportions between population densities in different geographic levels were not considered. A flow chart is attached to visualize the algorithm.
Input Data
The input data for calculating the PTAI are as follows:
1. Geographic data at Census Tract (CT) level
This is a shapefile contains geographic features at CT level in cencus year 2016. CT are small, relatively stable geographic areas that have a population of less than 10, 000. It's downloaded from Statistics Canada.
2. Geographic data at Dissemination Area (DA) level
This is a shapefile contains geographic features at DA level in cencus year 2016. DA are small, relatively stable geographic unit composed of one or more adjacent dissemination blocks with an average population of 400 to 700 persons. It's downloaded from Statistics Canada.
3. Postal Code Conversion File (PCCF)
The PCCF provides a correspondence between the Canada postal code and geographic areas.
4. Road network data
This is transportation feature of topographic data at the scale of 1:50 000, in 2017.
5. General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) data
A series of text files collected in a ZIP file. Each file models a particular aspect of transit information: stops, routes, trips and other schedule data.
6. Population data
This is an excel table contains population information in census year 2016. It's downloaded from Statistics Canada.
Preprocessing Steps
The preprocessing steps are as follows:
1. Divide the CT and DA data into provinces/territories and project them to North_America_Albers_Equal_Area_Conic
Because the size of the dataset for whole Canada is large, it's easier to work with data at province/territory level. Projecting to the equal area coordinate system is because this coordinate system preserves areas and we will calculate area in the following steps.
2. Create population data table for each province/territory
3. Table joint between DA data and population data, calculate and add population density, population as new fields in DA attribute table
4. Create a summary table to calculate the population in each CT
5. Table join between CT and the summary table from step 4
6. Calculate the population density for CT, add population density, population as new fields in CT attribute table
7. Project DA and CT data to North_America_Equidistant_Conic
Later we will calculate distance, projecting to this coordinate system will get a more accurate result of distance.
8. Create CT and DA for cities using "select by attribute"
9. Create PCCF point feature and clip by the CT boundary
10. Create roads network for cities
 - Project the input data to North_America_Equidistant_Conic coordinate system
 - Clip the roads segment data using CT for cities boundaries, get roads line feature for cities
 - In Catalog, right click the roads line feature, click "New Network Dataset", and notice that the network dataset can be only created based on shapefile.
11. Download GTFS data for each city
This step can be done either by the script or manually, but it's important to check the format and the name of the files.
Steps (Demonstrated by the flow chart)
1. Estimation of the Service Frequency (SF) at each public transport access point from the timetables of each mode during the morning peak hours from 7 am to 9 am.
2. Walking Time (WT) calculations from the POI to the closest Service Access Point (SAP).
3. Calculating Total Access Time (TAT) that combines the WT and the Average Waiting Time (AWT).
4. Calculating Equivalent Doorstep Frequency (EF) for each point by dividing 30 (minutes) by TAT.
5. Estimation of the Weighted Equivalent Frequency (WEF) as a sum of all EDFs with a weighting factor in favour of the most dominant mode.
6. Calculation of the ratios between population densities in walk catchments areas and CT.
7. Calculate the PTAI
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Explorers of the North Sea (EN)
Explorers of the North Sea is set in the latter years of the Viking Age. As ambitious sea captains, players seek out new lands to settle and control. They will need to transport their crew among the newly discovered islands to capture livestock, construct outposts and fulfill various other goals. So ready the longships, there are new horizons to explore!
Each player starts with 7 Vikings and a Longboat on a shared, central Island. From there players will place tiles and begin to venture out to the newly discovered Islands.
Proceeding clockwise from the starting player, each player takes their turn in full. On their turn, players first place 1 of their 3 tiles, expanding the game board. They can then take up to 4 actions (any number of the following):
1. Load Longship
2. Unload Longship + Deliver Livestock
3. Move Longship + Destroy an Enemy Ship
4. Move Vikings + Raid a Settlement
5. Transport Livestock
6. Construct an Outpost (costs 2 actions)
After taking their actions, players draw a new tile to their hand, ending their turn.
End of the Game
The game ends immediately after the turn where the player holding the Winter Token has no more Tiles in hand. This should be exactly 48 turns (there are 48 Tiles). Victory Points are gained from:
1. Delivered Livestock
2. Constructed Outposts
3. Destroyed Enemy Ships
4. Raided Settlements
5. Viking Deaths
6. Controlled Islands
7. Captain Cards
The player with the highest total is the winner!
" I absolutely love how quick turns are and how easy it is to understand and play." – The Player's Aid
"Explorers is a very fun, simple game that would serve as a great choice for families or for a group of people who have never really ventured into the magical world of cardboard, tokens, dice and cards." – Wolf's Gaming Blog
"Explorers of the North Sea is an enjoyable game that rounds out the saga nicely." – Geekdad
Beschikbaarheid: Slechts 1 resterend op voorraad
|Afmetingen||25 × 25 × 5 cm|
|Aanbevolen aantal spelers|
|Jaar van uitgave|


text:
Reproduction, Age, and Growth of the Bayou Darter Etheostoma rubrum (Pisces, Percidae) - An Endemic of Bayou Pierre
Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences
The life history of the bayou darter, a threatened darter endemic to Bayou Pierre, Mississippi, was studied over 18 mo during _PHONE_. Spawning, as determined by ovarian staging as well as a gonadosomatic index, occurred from April through August, with peak activity in May. Although some variation in the initiation and extent of spawning occurred between seasons, these differences were in part attributed to water temperatures. The simultaneous occurrence of females in the three reproductively active ovarian stages, and the presence of at least two distinct ova size classes, indicate that this species may spawn multiple clutches. The mean adjusted clutch size of 40 is among the lowest reported estimates for species of Nothonotus; however, assuming multiple clutch spawning, fecundity was estimated to be at least two times mean clutch size. Longevity was 3 yr, most older individuals being males, as determined from both scale analysis and length-frequency distributions. Approximately 60% of the average size of age 3 fish was achieved after the 1st growing season and 80% after the 2nd. Length-frequency analyses corroborated back-calculation results based on scale data.
American Midland Naturalist
Knight, J. G.,
Ross, S. T.
(1992). Reproduction, Age, and Growth of the Bayou Darter Etheostoma rubrum (Pisces, Percidae) - An Endemic of Bayou Pierre. American Midland Naturalist, 127(1), 91-105.
Available at: _URL_


text:
Free essay: rhetorical analysis: freedom writers the movie "freedom writers" is based on a true story hilary swank as erin gruwell plays an.
Film analysis, social issues, character analysis - analysis of freedom writers the film freedom writers directed by richard la gravenese is an american film their styles follow rhetorical guidelines to create persuasive arguments and.
Free essay: freedom writers- theme essay: the film freedom writers rhetorical analysis: freedom writers the movie "freedom writers" is based on a true. Their poignant personal essays were later published in the freedom writers diary, a book that inspired the 2007 film freedom writers today.
Fagstoff: the first encounter between students and teachers is always exciting erin gruwell, the new teacher at wilson high, is met with.
Analysis of these texts, i observe that writers view the writing self as a golden bowl the religion of doing, which is a feature of the writer's freedom to do. Freedom writers is a 2007 drama film written and directed by richard lagravenese and starring hilary swank, scott glenn, imelda staunton and patrick.


How To Clear A P1299 Code
Having a P1299 code can be a real hassle for car owners, leading to costly repairs and lengthy trips to the mechanic. Fortunately, there's no need to worry, as our comprehensive guide provides all the information you need to know to quickly and easily clear the code. From understanding what a P1299 code is to the steps and tools required to fix it, this guide covers everything you need to get your car back on the road.
🚀Recommended article: How To Fix P1000 Code
Clearing a P1299 Code: All You Need to KnowHow to Clear a P1299 Code
Clearing a P1299 Code: All You Need to KnowHow to Clear a P1299 Code
Clearing a P1299 Code: All You Need to KnowHow to Clear a P1299 Code
A P1299 code can be a major inconvenience for car owners, leading to expensive repairs and trips to the mechanic. But don't worry – this guide has all the information you need to quickly and easily clear the code. We'll cover what a P1299 code is, the steps and tools required to fix it, and more so, your car will return to the road in no time.
Steps Tools
1. Check your vehicle's code OBD-II scanner
2. Diagnose the issue Vacuum and pressure gauges
3. Replace parts as needed Replacement parts
4. Clear the code OBD-II scanner
Understanding the P1299 Code
The P1299 code is a diagnostic trouble code that indicates a malfunction in the engine's emissions control system. It is common in older cars with high mileage, but can also be triggered by faulty wiring, a dirty air filter, or a broken or disconnected component. The code can be cleared with proper diagnosis and repair, and the car will be back in working order.
Tools and Materials Needed
To clear a P1299 code, you'll need a few essential tools and materials. These include an OBD-II scanner, a multimeter, a screwdriver, and electrical tape. Depending on the cause of the code, you may also need to replace specific components such as spark plugs, oxygen sensors, or the catalytic converter.
See also: Dodge Ram C Code List
🚀Recommended article: How Much Does It Cost To Fix P0299 Code
Steps to Clear the Code
Clearing a P1299 code requires a few easy steps. First, connect the OBD-II scanner to the car's diagnostic port and run a scan to identify the cause of the code. Then, use the multimeter to check all the electrical connections and look for any faults. If a faulty link is found, use the screwdriver and electrical tape to make the necessary repairs. If a component needs to be replaced, do so and then reconnect it. Finally, run another scan to make sure the code has been cleared. If it has, the repair has been successful.
By following these steps, car owners can quickly and easily clear a P1299 code and get their car back on the road. Car owners can save time and money on costly repairs with the right tools and knowledge of removing a P1299 code.
Critical Takeaways for Clearing a P1299 Code
 - A P1299 code indicates a malfunction in the engine's emissions control system.
 - You'll need an OBD-II scanner, a multimeter, a screwdriver, and some electrical tape to clear the code.
 - Follow these steps to clear the code: check the code, diagnose the issue, replace parts as needed, and remove the code.
 - Car owners can clear the code quickly and easily by following these steps, saving time and money on costly repairs.
🎯Suggested article: How Long Can I Drive With Code P0740
Wrapping Up: Top Tips for Clearing a P1299 Code
Clearing a P1299 code can be daunting, but with the right tools and knowledge, it is possible to do it quickly and easily. To ensure a successful repair, car owners should always use an OBD-II scanner to check the code, diagnose the issue, and replace faulty components. Additionally, it is essential to use the proper tools and materials, such as a multimeter, screwdriver, and electrical tape, and double-check all connections before attempting to clear the code. With these tips, car owners can confidently clear a P1299 code and get back on the road.
See also: How To Fix Throttle Actuator Control System
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