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A celebration of Chengdu's modern ethos and historical legacy, the Museum of Natural History will transform the city's skyline and symbolize its innovative spirit. The museum will be a preeminent institution for science and culture, welcoming visitors from around the world with expansive exhibits, public spaces, shops, a café, a cinema, state-of-the-art educational facilities, and a verdant landscape that invites gathering and connection.
At the source of southwestern China's distinctive natural beauty
The museum's form embodies the splendor of the region's landscape. Chengdu is located on the western side of the Sichuan Basin, a vast plain bordered by mountains, home to rich farmland and vibrant urban centers. The area's bordering mountain ranges are the result of ancient volcanic activity and shifting tectonic plates — an evolutionary process that anchors our inspiration for the museum's design.
"We looked deeply into the natural beauty of the area's distinctive geography and geological features. Through an inspiring collaborative process with our partners in Chengdu, we were able to realize our vision for the building to be an expression of this dynamic and striking landscape." — Kristin Hawkins, AIA
A world of discovery in motion
The museum's dramatic forms embody the process of rock breaking apart due to opposing forces of volcanic activity and shifting tectonic plates. The building's form sweeps up in places to reveal the interior before descending again, reflecting the tension between ascension and gravity. The exterior granite surface is punctuated with organic perforations that create the impression of daylight reflecting on mountain snow. At night, light from within evokes a starry sky.
An uplifting sense of connection
An expansive canopy marks the main entrance, welcoming visitors into the museum. Inside the central atrium, sculpted wooden bridges recall the historic connection between Chengdu and its ancient water passages. A four-story glass elevator is patterned as an ancient bamboo forest, creating the impression of entering a prehistoric habitat. Glassy clefts between the granite forms give visitors continuous visual connections to the surrounding city and landscape.
At the crossroads of nature and culture
Outside the museum, an immersive nature experience awaits with indigenous plants, topography, and waterways. Reflecting pools and tributaries will frame the museum, highlighting the region's historic irrigation systems, the Sichuan River, and Dongfeng Canal.
More About the Project
- Architect of Record: China Southwest Architectural Design and Research (CSWADI)
- Structural Engineer: China Southwest Architectural Design and Research (CSWADI)
- MEP: China Southwest Architectural Design and Research (CSWADI)
- Location: Chengdu, China
- Client: Chengdu City Construction Investment and Management Group (CDCI)
- Size: 540,000 sq. ft. / 50,000 sq. m.
- Completion: 2022
- Certifications: Project Goal - Chinese Green Building Design Label 3 Star Rating
- Firm Role: Design Architect
- Renderings courtesy of Steelblue, CSWADI
- Video courtesy of ©China Railway Construction Engineering Group(中国中铁建工集团)


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Thin stone veneer
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The first stone material used for construction was commonly thick slabs and blocks. A veneer was used to describe building stone and the term is traced to the 1890s. The first veneer stone was hand-cut and measures nearly four inches thick and could be used to construct tall buildings. Reliance Building in Chicago used stone veneer between two to four inches thick for the first two floors on the exterior portion. Thinner slabs were found in the early twentieth century for storefronts and building interiors. By the 1930s, stone veneer was being applied to large curtain walls and later became a popular technique for cladding entire building exteriors. The Rule-Page Building in Iowa and the Federal Reserve Bank in Michigan were some of the first buildings to use stone veneer to clad the entire building. Later, in the 1960s, the John F. Kennedy Center for Performing Arts in Washington, D.C., became one of the first buildings to receive thin stone veneer cladding. Marble veneer clads the entire building at roughly one inch of thickness. Because of advancements in knowledge about thin stone veneer, architectural preferences resulted in a dramatic increase in use.
 Manufacturing Process
Before the 1900s, building stones were retrieved from quarries and were hand-finished into thick slabs or blocks. After the 20th century began, machines were introduced that could use multibladed frame saws that could simultaneously cut the blocks into smaller slabs. Water wheels were used to cool the blades and take away the resultant abrasive sludge. Eventually, water pumps and machines were refined to regulate the quantity of abrasive used. In 1932, the National Building Granite Quarries Association described the gang saw process as being almost entirely by machine. It used three to seven reciprocating steel blades running parallel to one another in the frame and could cut down through the stone to make uniform pieces. Several finishes were available at this time including: rock faced, sandblasted, peen hammered, rubbed, honed, and polished. The honed finished could be achieved using a fine grained grinding wheel while a polished finish required a heavy felt-coated wheel and jeweler's rouge. Thin stone veneer was typically used for interiors, store fronts, and façades of buildings at the street level. Later, diamond-studded cables to slab blocks were introduced as well as a frame saw with metal abrasives, which could cut stone to 1/8 inch thick for composite panel use.
 Uses and Installation
Veneer panels were usually laid up on mortar beds and the joints were finished in the same style of traditional masonry construction with mortar. Interior panels were attached to backup material of brick or block using wire anchors that were set in holes drilled into the panels and discrete mortar spots. Lateral anchors for exterior panels were made of galvanized and asphalt-coated steel rods that were bent and set into holes. The rods went into the stone roughly ¾ of an inch for stone that were two inches thick and 1 ¼ for panels four inches thick. Plaster of pairs could be used to quickly set spacers behind the panels. It was typical to use four anchors per panel, two to each side (either left to right or top to bottom). The Cold Spring and North Star Granite Company was one of the first companies to market the 1 inch thick granite veneer (1940), followed by the Aberene Stone Company who could manufacture granite veneers at 7/8 inch. A shelf angle was strongly recommended between each sheet to help carry the weight of the panels. Filling the joints with mortar was still the ideal way to finish the wall. Lateral anchors for thin stone were typically brass or steel rods that were set into holes filled with cement mortar. If the stone was more than 2 inches thick, it would traditionally be accompanied by steel straps. During the 1940s, the use of straps became the more popular form of lateral support for thin stone veneer. In recladding, the anchor was twisted 90 degrees and mortared or plastered into a slot in the backup masonry. New construction usually required the straps being mechanically fastened into the back material because they could be bent out of the way during the setting of the veneer and then bent into a slot for easy installation. In the 1950s, stone was usually produced in four different thickness; 7/8, 1 ¼, 1 ½, and 2 inches, though 1 ½ was suggested for veneer. 7/8 was thought to be more expensive to produce. Industry standards states tolerances being plus or minus ¼ inch and spacing between the panels at ¼ inch. Expansion joints were recommended to be placed every 30 feet vertically or every second floor horizontally. Creating a cavity (roughly 1 inch behind panels) filled with mortar and coating the back of the panel with damp proofing was also suggested. The popularity of the curtain wall and the improved manufacturing efficiencies promoted the use of thin stone veneer in the 1950s. Elastomeric sealants soon took the place of mortar in the horizontal joints. Aluminum, plastic or lead shims were placed in horizontal joints to transfer panel weights. Soon, manufacturers began suggesting that more lateral anchors be used. Different lateral anchors types emerged, including stainless steel straps, brass dowel and wires, and disks. The split-tail anchor gave anchors the ability to address gravity and lateral supports. In the later 1950s, stone was being used in composite building panels. Precast concrete panels faced with a thin stone veneer became the most popular. Hairpin wire anchors or dower anchors were preset into the back of the stone panel before casting. The thin stone veneer component was then formed by placing the concrete against the backside of the stone panel with the panel set face down in a form. A bond breaker sheet between the concrete and stone was not incorporated before casting the concrete. The technique of separating materials was more commonly use in the 1960s. Thin stone veneer became more standardized in the 1960s.
Conservation of thin stone veneer if the cause of distress or deterioration is understood and the basic diagnostic and assessment techniques are well employed. Conservation techniques are wide ranging and thorough understanding of the techniques available will help in developing correct repair methods.
Connections and support are the most common causes of distress seen in stone cladding. The major types of distress observed with the typical anchoring systems include cracks around the anchors location, spalls at anchor locations, spalls at shelf angles supports, and cracks at panel corners. Rust staining is also common with these types of anchor systems. A variety of factors can cause these types of distress, including improperly designed anchors. Distress caused by improperly designed anchors can lead to cracking in adjacent stone of displacement of panels. Missing anchors can cause distress in the stone. Also, water penetration through the cladding can corrode the metal anchors and shims. Improper attachment of anchors, improper anchor positioning, and missing separators between concrete backup and panels are just a few other problems that can affect the structural integrity of the thin stone veneer structure. While most problems associated with stone veneer can be associated with improper installation, cyclical heating and cooling, water-penetration, freezing and thawing, and acid rain can also deteriorate building stone. Marble loses more strength than granite. The strength loss is related to the panel's thickness, the thinnest panel is expected to be the most affected by strength loss. Stone curtain walls rely on the strength of the stone panel material; if it is not strong enough, it may present with cracking or bowing between supports. Marbles are not volume stable as the experience permanent volume growth as a result of heating and cooling. The marbles strength is decreased and can lead to warping or bowing as the opposite side of the panel experiences differential thermal expansion. Visible characteristics of stones have been linked to strength loss. Bowing, warping, sugaring of the surface, and exfoliation are just some surface appearances that imply strength loss. Composition of the stone is not limited to different varieties. Stones can experience different compositions in a single piece. All stones have a natural bedding orientation and their strength and durability can be affected. Distress in stone cladding components can also be related to buildings and wall movements or differential movement not accommodated by the cladding design. If insufficiently sized joints are used to accommodate building movement, panels can come in contact with another during thermal expansion which can result in cracking or spalling near the edges and corners. Staining is not usually a structural issue and can be related to preferential weathering of the stone's mineral components, corrosion of ferrous components, or water runoff from surrounding minerals. Staining may also be caused by excessive water leakage through joints or cladding units and may indicate corrosion of embedded material. This can be a cause for concern because the structure may be suffering.
 Conservation Techniques
Reviewing original construction documents and design calculations will assists in understanding the overall construction. Removing portions of the veneer for inspection or laboratory testing may be the only way to fully understand the construction of the veneer. Less intrusive ways should be attempted first because they might eliminate need for invasive procedures. Tapping or sounding with a hammer, metal detection tools, or field microscope are some of the less evasive ways to investigate the structural integrity of thin stone veneers. Conservation of the material usually involves the documentation the number of specific condition related to the veneer's attachment to the building. It is important to determine if it is the anchors promoting distress, if there are enough anchors,

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


3 Simple Tips for Better Bunker Shots
It looks so easy right? You see a pro playing golf on TV and he hops in the sand, takes an effortless swing, and hits his bunker shot 2 feet from the hole. You think to yourself "I should be able to do that".
You then proceed to step in the sand, take a violent lash at the ball, and watch it stay in the bunker or even worse, fly across the green at 100 mph right past your friends head. So what gives? Why aren't you hitting those nice sand shots right by the hole?
The answer is you need a slight adjustment in the way you approach the shot. Bunker shots can be intimidating but they don't have to be.
Here are 3 simple tips you can use to hit better shots from the sand:
Check Your Ball Position
Most of us know that when hitting a greenside bunker shot you hit the sand first, which in turn moves the ball out of the bunker. The distance you hit behind the ball is debatable but anywhere from 2-5 inches depending on the player and type of sand will work.
In order to achieve this, the ball must be correctly positioned in relation to your body. The proper ball position for a bunker shot is even with the left (forward) arm pit. This allows the club head to enter the sand just before the bottom of the swing. This will result in the club hitting slightly behind the ball and solid bunker shots.
If the golf ball is positioned too far back in the stance the club will tend to dig into the sand. If the golf ball is positioned too far forward the club head will be coming up and it will be easy to hit behind the ball and catch it thin. Put down an alignment stick or club to make sure your ball is positioned even with the left arm pit.
Don't Make the Sand the Target
The biggest phobia in the sand for most golfers is the fear of sculling the shot and seeing it fly across the green. Because of this fear, golfers make hitting the sand their only goal. This usually results in the club digging into the sand and inconsistent shots.
When hitting a bunker shot the target is where you're trying to hit the ball, not the sand. Take practice swings and feel the golf club swinging through the sand and through to the target. You'll find when doing this the golf club thumps the sand instead of digging. This swinging through the shot and the thump are what produce solid bunker shots.
Make a Big Enough Swing
For the most part the bunker shot is the only shot where the golf club doesn't make contact with the ball. The club hits the sand and the sand in turn moves the ball out of the bunker. Because of this the energy transferred to the golf ball is reduced. Simply said, a bunker shot will not go as far as a regular shot because of the sand.
To account for this you have to make a bigger swing in the sand. This should be common sense but many golfers make small swings and expect good results with their bunker shots. Watch any professional golfer on TV and you'll see them take a much larger than normal swing for even a short bunker shot.
Take some practice swings in the sand and feel the bigger golf swing and the club finishing through the swing. This extra speed you create with a bigger swing will easily move the ball out of the bunker and onto the green.
So to recap, if you want to hit better bunker shots check your ball position, don't make the sand the target, and make a bigger swing. Do these things and you will have more success in the sand.
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Presentation on theme: "Mary Davis, DrPH, MSPH; NC Institute for Public Health Kristin Adams, Ph.D., CHES; Indiana State Department of Health."— Presentation transcript:
Mary Davis, DrPH, MSPH; NC Institute for Public Health Kristin Adams, Ph.D., CHES; Indiana State Department of Health
Performance Measurement Definitions Performance measurement is the "regular collection and reporting of data to track work produced and results achieved" Performance measure is "the specific quantitative representation of capacity, process, or outcome deemed relevant to the assessment of performance" Performance measurement is NOT punishment
Monitoring the results of performance review against PHAB Standards and Program Evaluation Monitoring Indicators and Outcomes
Dr. Mary Davis is a Senior Investigator at the NC Institute for Public Health and Adjunct Assistant Professor in the Department of Health Behavior, both part of the UNC, Gillings School of Global Public Health. Since Dr. Davis conducts public health systems and services research and program evaluations using participatory approaches; specialty areas are accreditation, quality improvement, and public health partnerships. Her experiences in these areas have been shaped by participating in the Multi-State Learning Collaborative, evaluation of the NC Local Health Department Accreditation program, and working with the NNPHI and CDC to evaluation the National Public Health Improvement Initiative. Dr. Davis earned her doctorate from the Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health and her masters in science in public health from the University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Dr. Kristin Adams is the Director of the Office of Public Health Performance Management at the Indiana State Department of Health (ISDH). She oversees agency performance management, quality improvement, and future public health accreditation efforts. She was the Principal Investigator in Indiana for the Multi-State Learning Collaborative grant. She is currently the Principal Investigator for the National Public Health Improvement Initiative cooperative agreement from CDC. Prior to joining ISDH, Dr. Adams worked for a national non-profit agency focusing on program evaluation and training for health programs targeted toward girls and young women. Dr. Adams has taught numerous health education courses and has presented at national and international conferences. Dr. Adams holds a BS and MA in School Health Education from Indiana State University, a Ph.D. in Health Education from Southern Illinois University Carbondale, and is a Certified Health Education Specialist.
Performance Measurement: Nuts and Bolts Basics Mary V. Davis, DrPH, MSPH Open Forum for Quality Improvement November 20, 2013
Outline What is a performance measure? Where are performance measures in a performance management system? What should be in place before establishing measures? What's a system of work? What are the characteristics of a useful process measure? How do you go about establishing useful process measures?
What is a Performance Measure? Performance Measurement is regular collection and reporting of data to track work produced and results achieved. Performance Measure is quantitative representation of –Capacity –Process –Outcome
Where are Performance Measures in a Performance Management System? YOU ARE HERE!
Standards and Measures: PHAB Example Standard 9.1: Use a performance management system to monitor achievement of organizational objectives. –Measure 9.1.2 A Implement a performance management system. –Use a process to determine and report on achievement of goals, objectives, and measures set by the performance management system.
Quality Improvement Projects and Process Improvement Opportunities Results and Customer, Stakeholder, Partner Feedback Vision Mission and Values Goals and Objectives Strategies Strategic Planning Performance Measures and Operational Indicators Operational/ Business Plans Performance Monitoring and Analysis Performance Monitoring and Analysis ImprovementOpportunities ImprovementOpportunities Washington State Department of Health Example: Results help to inform the planning process
Line of Sight Framework Restaurant inspections conducted and reports produced restaurants achieving acceptable sanitation grades can post grades Public uses restaurants with acceptable sanitation grades Reduction in food-borne illnesses and disease outbreaks Work Process Measure Process Outcome Short term Outcome Long term outcome
What is a System of Work? Factory: How? Widget: What? Customers: Who? Outcomes: Why?
Widgets Are Things Are Deliverables Can be Counted Are Specific
Common Public Health Agency Widgets Environmental Permits, Notices of Violations Rules and regulations Vaccinations Epidemiology Reports Infrastructure –Filled Vacancies –Contracts
What Widgets Do You Produce? Take a minute: write down 5 widgets you produce What examples do you have to share?
Measures: General Considerations Measures reveal our values Measures drive behavior Measures can inspire us Measures can help us learn
Useful Measures: Specifics Meaningful Focused on customer needs Accurate Valid Reliable Responsive Functional Credible Simple enough to be understood Available Abuse-Proof Cost effective to collect and report Comparable data over time
SMART Measures Specific Measurable Aggressive Results-Oriented Time-bound
Developing Measures Talk with customers and those involved in the process Identify which process measures –Are of value to customers and producers –Will drive behavior –Will inspire –Will promote learning Determine how process measures fit into other measurement processes in the agency (performance standards, strategic plan)
What to Include in a Measure Statement of the Measure Target (population, process) Numerator and denominator Target goal Who will collect the information
What to Include in a Measure Form or tool to collect information How often data will be collected Who will conduct data analysis How often will the data be reported
Data Description Form Performance measure: Target population: Numerator: Denominator: Which are you using—a target or benchmark? What is the target/benchmark? SMART objective: Source of data: Who will collect the information? How often will the data be analyzed? How often, by what mechanism and who reports these data and analysis? Baseline measurement data and date(s): Definitions, such as accuracy and validity, and other comments: MarMason Consulting
Resources "We Don't Make Widgets" Ken Miller Turning Point Resources: Guidebook for Performance Measurement Marni Mason tools and presentations Washington State Department of Health QI Plan
Thank You! Mary V. Davis, DrPH, MSPH _EMAIL_
Ask a series of questions: ◦ Who is your customer ◦ What do they care about ◦ What is the purpose of your funding/mission/vision of the program area ◦ Does this goal and objective tie to the strategic plan Does your program have a role in the key priorities of the agency ◦ Can you measure it Is it meaningful???
Several areas of resources to determine measures: ◦ State law/code ◦ Program requirements ◦ Healthy People 2020 ◦ Historical data of the program ◦ Benchmarks by national groups (i.e., March of Dimes)
Develop the key outcome measure ◦ Decrease Smoking Rates ◦ Decrease Obesity Rates ◦ Increase Immunization Rates ◦ Decrease the late payment fees Identify key activities to get you to making a change in the measure ◦ Increase number of people receiving coaching from quitline ◦ Increase the complete streets communities throughout the state ◦ Reminder recalls--% of those who become compliant due to the reminder notice ◦ Decrease invoice wait time; increase invoice processing time
Ensure your epidemiologists are involved Ensure the experts to the program are involved If you are doing a "data pull" ensure the IT/database manager is involved Involve Executive Leadership Do a "mass" education campaign


Transit Time Measurement
A transit time X-ray measures the time it takes for food to go through the colon. The person takes special capsules by mouth twice a day for five days. Each capsule has twelve X-ray markers. Each day, the person takes a total of twenty-four markers. This averages out to one every hour.
Xray of the pelvic areaOn the sixth day, an X-ray of the abdomen is taken and we count the number of markers left in the person's colon. This tells about how long it takes for food to go through the colon. If there are eighty-six markers, it takes eighty-six hours. If there are only twenty-four markers, it takes twenty-four hours.
The average normal transit time is thirty-five hours. The upper limit of normal is seventy-two hours. If it takes more than seventy-two hours to go through the body, and all other tests are normal, then we make the diagnosis of colonic inertia (slow transit).
It is important to avoid the use of all laxatives and enemas during the five days before a transit time X-ray. However, it is fine to continue Natural Vegetable Powder, or other fiber supplements, in a normal dose.


The curly hair tarantula is a common name most often attributed to Tliltocatl albopilosus (formerly known as Brachypelma albopilosum), a dark-colored tarantula with thick, bristly hair covering its legs and the majority of its body. Although all species of tarantulas do have hair, the contrast of the lighter colored hairs and the distinct curl gives the curly hair tarantula a rather unique appearance. They are a calm, ground-dwelling, beautiful spider, and like many other tarantulas in the genus Brachypelma, curly hair tarantula care is relatively simple — perfect for those newly interested in joining the hobby of tarantula keeping.
Get to Know the Curly Hair Tarantula
The curly hair tarantula is native to both Nicaragua and Costa Rica. It is a terrestrial species often found at the bases of tree trunks, near rivers and inside the holes and dens left behind by rodents or other small animals. In the wild, they are listed as "near-threatened," with the greatest threat being habitat loss, as they are very rarely imported in this current day. Almost all of the curly hair tarantulas available in the pet trade come from captive breeding efforts, both from private and well-known keepers across the world.
The curly hair tarantula is considered average size among tarantulas, with a leg span of about 5½ inches. The females tend to live between 8 to 10 years in captivity, while males only live to be around 4 years-old or so.
Behavior & Temperament
The curly hair tarantula is docile species, which makes it a personal favorite among those who enjoy handling their spiders. As a New World tarantula, the curly hair is more likely to kick off some of the thick urticating (stinging) hairs from its abdomen as opposed to delivering a bite. Despite the term, these are not actually "hairs." It is a misnomer; only mammals possess true hairs. They are actually fine, bony extensions from the spider's exoskeleton that possess a mild toxin that can cause irritation if exposed to the skin. Because this is one of the animal's primary defense mechanisms, they can sometimes develop a bald spot on their abdominal area due to repeated kicking. However, the "hairs" will be replenished after the next molt.
The curly hair tarantula possesses venom and the capacity to bite if it feels threatened, as do all tarantulas. The pain has been described as similar to that of a bee sting, but if you are known to be severely allergic to bees, you should be extremely cautious when handling your tarantula.
For an adult curly hair tarantula, a secure enclosure with the floor space roughly the size of a 10-gallon aquarium is more than adequate. Since tarantulas are a terrestrial species, horizontal space is always more important than height, as too high of an enclosure can result in falls and unnecessary harm to your animal. Unlike many other species, the curly hair tarantula can often be seen out and about inside its enclosure.
It is still absolutely vital to provide your tarantula with areas to hide, such as bark, wood pieces or even small pots. If given enough substrate, the curly hair tarantula will burrow, lining the outer area and the inner walls with its silk to create a home for itself. The suggested depth of bedding for the curly hair tarantula is about 3 to 4 inches. They are known to "redecorate" their enclosure, and can be spotted many times moving clumps of dirt and décor to their liking. Plastic or acrylic enclosures are better at keeping both consistent humidity and temperature levels, however some minor modifications can be made to a glass enclosure to reach these requirements as well.
For proper curly hair tarantula care, the humidity should be somewhere between 60 and 70 percent, which can easily be achieved by keeping a proper mix of substrate and a small water dish. A good mix of pesticide-free potting soil, vermiculite and sphagnum moss can help keep your humidity inside the enclosure at proper levels. When watering your curly hair, a little bit of spillover to allow just enough moisture to soak into the substrate is ideal, but the idea is to not moisten the area so much that the substrate is constantly wet. Too much humidity will stress your tarantula. Additionally, if you are unsure about the humidity levels, purchase a hygrometer as well as a temperature gauge to monitor both your temperatures and humidity levels.
Ideally, this species needs a temperature range between 75 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit. This can be achieved either by keeping the room where your curly hair tarantula lives warm, or by adding a heat mat to the side or bottom of the enclosure. Be careful to monitor the heat so it doesn't get too hot for your tarantula, and always offer a cool side of the enclosure in the event that it gets too warm for your pet.
Spot cleaning is about all the cleaning necessary for most tarantulas, with the occasional deep cleaning every six months or so if deemed necessary by the keeper. Remove discarded or uneaten food immediately to prevent mold as well as unwanted pests such as gnats.
Curly Hair Tarantula Diet
Curly hair tarantulas aren't known to be picky eaters, as they are opportunistic feeders in the wild. In their native range, anything small enough to be overpowered by the tarantula is fair game. However, in captivity, it is important to take certain precautions when preparing the curly hair tarantula diet. Offering appropriate-sized feeders is important to reduce the risk of injuries that could be sustained during the feeding process.
Dubia roaches, mealworms, live crickets and other insects are almost all easily obtainable curly hair tarantula food that can be found at many pet stores. Offering a variety of feeder insects for curly hair tarantulas ensures that they get the proper nutrients, as does making sure that your feeders are "gut-loaded" — if they are fed well, your pet is fed well, too. A small pinky mouse can be offered as a treat, but many keepers advise against feeding your tarantulas things that are very high in calcium. Never offer your curly hair tarantula insects or any sort of small feeder from outside. This poses a danger to your pet, as the outside insects could be loaded with internal parasites as well as potentially deadly pesticides.
Most hydration is obtained through the feeding process, however, offering a small, shallow water dish, even something as small as a bottle cap, provides your pet with the option to drink if necessary. Be sure to keep the water dish clean, as it's not uncommon for a curly hair tarantula to move its water dish (if small enough) or fill it up with debris during another redecorating session.
If you notice that your tarantula is slowing down, refusing to eat or hiding more than usual, do not be alarmed right away! It could very well be entering the somewhat lengthy process of a molt, where it will grow and shed its entire exoskeleton. You may come home and think you see two tarantulas in the enclosure, but the second one will be the molt, which will need to be removed. A knowledgeable keeper can even determine the sex of a tarantula through its molt, and some simply like to keep the molted skin as a keepsake. Regardless of what you choose to do, if you notice that your curly hair tarantula appears to be molting, remove any live feeders and keep your tarantula's water dish filled. The humidity helps with this process, as too dry of an environment could be this species' demise.
Molting slows down exponentially as the spider matures, sometimes as infrequently as once a year for mature females, or even not at all for mature males. If you notice your curly hair tarantula on its back with its legs up, this is the beginning of the molting process. However, if you see that your tarantula is sitting with its legs tucked under itself, lethargic, or if it has a shrunken and poor looking abdomen, you should seek the help of an exotics veterinarian or experienced keeper to properly diagnose your tarantula's condition.
Keep Your Curly Hair Tarantula Healthy and Happy. Feed It Nutritious TopFlight Dubia Roaches
TopFlight Dubia sells high-quality dubia roaches for curly hair tarantula care. Whether you need large quantities or smaller orders, we offer a variety of options, including 3/16" - 1/4" dubia roaches, to ensure your curly hair tarantula diet is healthy and nutritions for your pet. Shop TopFlight Dubia today!
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Load Testing With KPIs Part I: What Are KPIs?
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Load Testing With KPIs Part I: What Are KPIs?
This first part of the series defines the seven performance indicators that serve as load testing metrics.
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Discover 50 of the latest mobile performance statistics with the Ultimate Guide to Digital Experience Monitoring, brought to you in partnership with Catchpoint.
KPIs, or Key Performance Indicators, are metrics that enable measuring our results and success, according to parameters we choose to be relevant and important. Organizations use KPIs to evaluate themselves and their activities.
In the context of load testing, KPIs show user and traffic measurements for websites and applications, in order to best determine if they can withstand a certain amount of load to its backend servers.
Since we don't want our website or app to crash during Black Friday, the rush for Beyonce tickets, or after we've updated new features, here are the seven KPIs you need to know when you load test with JMeter:
1. Number of Users
To make sure websites can handle heavy loads created by the usage of many people, we simulate concurrent active users through virtual users. These virtual users act like "real" users on the website. By simulating real users, developers, DevOps and QA engineers can discover bottlenecks that could occur during real-time daily use or traffic spikes.
2. Hits Per Second
Simulating the number of users can give us a good idea of the load, but it's not by itself an accurate enough measurement. We also want to know how many requests are generated to the target server from users' actions. Hits per second is the average number of samples initiated per second. By understanding the correlation between the number of users and hits per second, we can accurately simulate and measure the types and loads of usage of the website, thus validating that the site's performance abilities are adequate.
performance testing
3. Errors Per Second
After measuring the number of hits per second, JMeter identifies the number of errors per second. A high errors-per-second rate can indicate a bottleneck that needs fixing before going live.
4. Response Time
We've measured users and their actions, now it's time to measure how long it takes the system to process a request. This parameter measures the amount of time it takes from the first byte of data to leave the user until the last byte is received by the user. Response time shows how the target site is performing from the user point of view, meaning how long it takes to receive the text and images requested by user actions. A site might be able to handle 10,000 concurrent users viewing its homepage, but if it takes too long to process their request for tickets, their votes or their payment methods, it is not handling the load and customers may decide to leave.
5. Latency
The measurement of how long it takes from just before sending the request to just after receiving the first response. Part of the response time KPI, latency helps us to measure and understand the inherent network delay during transmission of data from client to server.
6. Connect Time
The measurement of how long it takes the user to connect to the server and the server to respond, including SSL handshake. It is a part of the response time KPI, but it is important for isolating SSL performance as a bottleneck.
7. Bytes/s (Throughput)
The measurement of the average bandwidth consumption that is generated by the test per second. This measures the amount of data flowing to and from the servers. Isolating this KPI is important for ensuring your network interface controllers are performing properly.
Congratulations! You now know which KPIs you need to measure when using JMeter.
Stay tuned for Part II, explaining which KPIs are recommended to be correlated with each other.
Is your APM strategy broken? This ebook explores the latest in Gartner research to help you learn how to close the end-user experience gap in APM, brought to you in partnership with Catchpoint.
Topics:
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Published at DZone with permission of Itay Mendelawy, DZone MVB. See the original article here.
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text: March 7th marked the day Eastwood third grade students loaded up and headed out west! The STEM challenge had students using their knowledge about simple machines, force, and Missouri's history including The Oregon Trail. Students were tasked with designing and creating a Conestoga Wagon using 2 straws, 10 toothpicks, 2 pipe cleaners, a chunk of cardboard, a large piece of paper, and some masking tape. The wagon had to be able to withstand the weight of a Little Hug Fruit Barrel. The students decided that the most challenging part of the task was creating wheels that would spin freely on the axel, then finding a way to attach the wheels and axel to the wagon.


Neurons to Nirvana: The Great Medicines
20141 hr, 47 mins
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From Neurons to Nirvana: The Great Medicines outlines the mounting peer-reviewed evidence that non-addictive psychoactive substances (including ayahuasca, psilocybin, LSD and MDMA) can have profound healing effects when used in a safe, therapeutic setting. The benefits, say a conga line of clinicians, psychologists, neuroscientists and authors, extend from the treatment of alcoholism to the anxiety of terminal cancer patients, and beyond.
The documentary features interviews with the world's foremost researchers, writers, and pioneers in psychedelic psychotherapy. These soul healers and scientific investigators are using everything from ancient decoctions to LSD and MDMA/Ecstasy as essential medicines, proposing that they be made available for research and therapeutic use. With colourful advocacy, the filmmaker proposes a new medical paradigm informed by "cognitive liberty" — the freedom to dictate one's own consciousness.
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text:
Seeing the Elephant
When the first elephant came to Maine, she was a wonder. People had never seen an elephant before. It was the early 1800s, and America was a new country, sorting out its morals. So when she was shot and killed in Alfred, ME, the outrage over her death revealed a lot about our young country.
Nono and the African Gala
The African Gala takes place in Portland, Maine every year. The organizer, Nono Mukwayanzo is a Congolese immigrant and he sees it as a way to promote community and educate others about his culture.
Incomplete: a story in sound
When gods mess with mortals, destined soul mates will become separated in different dimensions in this experimental radio drama.


text:
Pneumatic valve protection measures after load
Pneumatic valve damage is a key problem is the load. Its load mainly has the following kinds: 1, the torque limit institutions setting is wrong, stop the torque is less than the setting value, resulting in continuous produce too large torque, the motor stop running. 2, because of some reasons make the torque limit circuit failure, lead to excessive torque. 3, pneumatic valve using the environment temperature is high, the relatively decreased motor heat capacity. 4, the power supply voltage is too low, make its cannot obtain the required torque, motor stop running. The use of 5, persistent, the heat generated by the savings of more than the allowed temperature to rise of the motor. Pneumatic valve generally run in a predetermined time, motor overload is not going to happen. For pneumatic valves load condition of protection measures mainly include the following: 1, pneumatic valve by using thermal relay and to protect the motor stalling. 2, through the adoption of pneumatic valve thermostat to the continuous operation or electric operation of motor overload protection. 3, through the adoption of pneumatic valve fuse or over-current relay can effectively avoid the short circuit accident.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Documentation Center
 - Trials
 - Product Updates
Configure Network Settings on Gumstix Overo Hardware
You can configure the IP settings of the Overo® hardware by running Linux® shell commands directly on the Overo hardware. Doing so allows the board to communicate over the network to which it is connected.
To inspect and reconfigure the IP settings on a board that already has the new firmware, follow the procedure in this section.
To configure the IP settings while you are replacing the firmware on your Overo hardware, see Replace Firmware on Gumstix Overo Hardware.
You may need to reconfigure the IP settings if your board:
 - Has unknown IP settings
 - Is unreachable using a network connection
 - Is being moved to a network or direct Ethernet connection that uses static IP settings
 - Is being moved from a network that used static IP settings to one that uses DHCP services
There are several conditions under which networks use DHCP or static IP settings:
 - Use DHCP services — If your board is connected to a network with DHCP services, such as an office LAN or a home network connected to the Internet. DHCP is a network service that automatically configures the IP settings of Ethernet devices connected to a network.
 - Use static IP settings — If your board is directly connected to an Ethernet port on your computer or connected to an isolated network without DHCP services.
To configure the board to use DHCP or static IP settings:
 1. Open a serial command-line session, as described in Open a Serial Command-line Session with Gumstix Overo Hardware.
 Alternatively, you can use a terminal window after accessing the Linux desktop as described in:
 2. Display the contents of the /etc/network/interfaces file. Enter:
 cat /etc/network/interfaces
 If the board is configured to use DHCP services (the default configuration), dhcp appears at the end of the following line:
 iface eth0 inet dhcp
 If the board is configured to use static IP settings, static appears at the end of the following line:
 iface eth0 inet static
 3. Create a backup of the /etc/network/interfaces file. Enter:
 If prompted, enter the root password (default: root).
 4. Edit interfaces using a simple editor called nano. Enter:
 sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces
 5. Edit the last word of line that starts with iface eth0 inet.
 To use DHCP services, change the line to:
 iface eth0 inet dhcp
 To use static IP settings, change the line to:
 iface eth0 inet static
 6. For static IP settings, add lines for address, netmask, and gateway. For example:
 iface eth0 inet static
 For static IP settings:
 - The value of the subnet mask must be the same for all devices on the network.
 - The value of the IP address must be unique for each device on the network.
 For example, if the Ethernet port on your host computer has a network mask of and a static IP address of, set:
 - netmask to use the same network mask value,
 - address to an unused IP address, between and
 7. Tell nano to exit and save the changes:
 1. Press Ctrl+X.
 2. Enter Y to save the modified buffer.
 3. For "File Name to Write: /etc/network/interfaces", press Enter.
 4. The nano editor confirms that it "Wrote # lines" and returns control to the command line.
 8. Reboot your board for the settings to take effect:
 sudo shutdown -r now
 9. Test the IP settings by logging in to the board over a telnet session.
 Note: You can use the ifconfig command to temporarily change the IP settings. Rebooting the board removes the ifconfig settings and restores the /etc/network/interfaces settings.
 To change the IP settings temporarily, open a Linux command line. Enter ifconfig, the device id, a valid IP address, netmask, and the appropriate network mask. For example:
 ifconfig eth0 netmask
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text:
Is there a common pathway into committing cybercrime (such as hacking)? What does a cybercriminal look like? Can a cybercriminal be diverted into doing good things with their computer skills instead?
The average age of arrest for all crime is 35 – for cybercrime it's just 17. Cybercrime prevention is a key part of the UK's National Cyber Security Strategy.
In this session, Detectives Will Farrell and Emyr Jones will explain how police are preventing cybercrime from happening in the first place. Find out how individuals on the cusp of committing cybercrime are identified and how police help them make informed Cyber Choices, diverting individuals away from crime to do positive things with their computer skills instead.
What you will take away from this session:
TO SEE THE FULL WEEKS AGENDA AND REGISTER FOR OTHER WALES TECH WEEK EVENTS, CLICK HERE


text:
Tephrochronology is a geochronological technique that uses discrete layers of tephra—volcanic ash from a single eruption—to create a chronological framework in which paleoenvironmental or archaeological records can be placed. Such an established event provides a "tephra horizon". The premise of the technique is that each volcanic event produces ash with a unique chemical "fingerprint" that allows the deposit to be identified across the area affected by fallout. Thus, once the volcanic event has been independently dated, the tephra horizon will act as time marker.
The main advantages of the technique are that the volcanic ash layers can be relatively easily identified in many sediments and that the tephra layers are deposited relatively instantaneously over a wide spatial area. This means they provide accurate temporal marker layers which can be used to verify or corroborate other dating techniques, linking sequences widely separated by location into a unified chronology that correlates climatic sequences and events.
Tephrochronology requires accurate geochemical fingerprinting (usually via an electron microprobe). An important recent advance is the use of LA-ICP-MS (i.e. laser ablation ICP-MS) to measure trace-element abundances in individual tephra shards. One problem in tephrochronology is that tephra chemistry can become altered over time, at least for basaltic tephras.
Early tephra horizons were identified with the Saksunarvatn tephra (Icelandic origin, ca 10.2 cal. ka BP), forming a horizon in the late Pre-Boreal of Northern Europe, the Vedde ash (also Icelandic in origin, ca 12.0 cal. ka BP) and the Laacher See tephra (in the Eifel volcanic field, ca 12.9 cal. ka BP). Major volcanoes which have been used in tephrochronological studies include Vesuvius, Hekla and Santorini. Minor volcanic events may also leave their fingerprint in the geological record: Hayes Volcano is responsible for a series of six major tephra layers in the Cook Inlet region of Alaska. Tephra horizons provide a synchronous check against which to correlate the palaeoclimatic reconstructions that are obtained from terrestrial records, like fossil pollen studies (palynology), from varves in lake sediments or from marine deposits and ice-core records, and to extend the limits of carbon-14 dating.
A pioneer in the use of tephra layers as marker horizons to establish chronology was Sigurdur Thorarinsson, who began by studying the layers he found in his native Iceland. Since the late 1990s, techniques developed by Chris S. M. Turney (QUB, Belfast; now University of Exeter) and others for extracting tephra horizons invisible to the naked eye ("cryptotephra") have revolutionised the application of tephrochronology. This technique relies upon the difference between the specific gravity of the microtephra shards and the host sediment matrix. It has led to the first discovery of the Vedde ash on the mainland of Britain, in Sweden, in the Netherlands, in the Swiss Lake Soppensee and in two sites on the Karelian Isthmus of Baltic Russia. It has also revealed previously undetected ash layers, such as the Borrobol Tephra first discovered in northern Scotland, dated to ca. 14.4 cal. ka BP, the microtephra horizons of equivalent geochemistry from southern Sweden, dated at 13,900 Cariaco varve yrs BP and from northwest Scotland, dated at 13.6 cal. ka BP.
- Smith & Westgate (1969)
- Pearce et al. (2002)
- Pollard et al. (2003)
- Alloway et al. (2007)
- Turney et al. (1997)
- Davies (2004)
- Ranner et al. (2005)
- Alloway B.V., Larsen G., Lowe D.J., Shane P.A.R., Westgate J.A. (2007). "Tephrochronology", Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science (editor—Elias S.A.) 2869–2869 (Elsevier).
- Davies, S.M.; Wastegård, S.; Wohlfarth, B. (2003). "Extending the limits of the Borrobol Tephra to Scandinavia and detection of new early Holocene tephras". Quaternary Research 59 (3): 345–352. Bibcode:2003QuRes..59..345D. doi:10.1016/S0033-5894(03)00035-8.
- Davies, S. M.; Wohlfarth, B.; Wastegård, S.; Andersson, M.; Blockley, S.; Possnert, G. (2004). "Were there two Borrobol Tephras during the early Late-glacial period: implications for tephrochronology?". Quaternary Science Reviews 23 (5–6): 581–589. Bibcode:2004QSRv...23..581D. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.11.006.
- Dugmore A., Buckland P.C. (1991). "Tephrochronology and Late Holocene soil erosion in South Iceland", Environmental Change in Iceland: Past and Present (eds. J.K. Maizels and C. Caseldine) 147–159 (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers).
- Keenan, Douglas J. (2003). "Volcanic ash retrieved from the GRIP ice core is not from Thera". Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 4 (11): 1097. Bibcode:2003GGG.....4....1K. doi:10.1029/2003GC000608.
- Pearce, N.J.G.; Eastwood, W.J.; Westgate, J.A.; Perkins, W.T. (2002). "Trace-element composition of single glass shards in distal Minoan tephra from SW Turkey". Journal of the Geological Society, London 159 (3): 545–556. doi:10.1144/0016-764901-129.
- Pollard, A.M.; Blockley, S.P.E.; Ward, K.R. (2003). "Chemical alteration of tephra in the depositional environment". Journal of Quaternary Science 18 (5): 385–394. Bibcode:2003JQS....18..385P. doi:10.1002/jqs.760.
- Ranner, P. H.; Allen, J. R. M.; Huntley, B. (2005). "A new early Holocene cryptotephra from northwest Scotland". Journal of Quaternary Science 20 (3): 201–208. Bibcode:2005JQS....20..201R. doi:10.1002/jqs.910.
- Smith, D.G.W.; Westgate, J.A. (1969). "Electron probe technique for characterizing pyroclastic deposits". Earth and Planetary Science Letters 5: 313–319. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(68)80058-5.
- Þórarinsson S. (1970). "Tephrochronology in medieval Iceland", Scientific Methods in Medieval Archaeology (ed. R. Berger) 295–328 (Berkeley: University of California Press).
- Turney, C.S.M.; Harkness, D.D.; Lowe, J.J. (1997). "The use of microtephra horizons to correlate late-glacial lake sediment successions in Scotland". Journal of Quaternary Science 12 (6): 525–531. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1417(199711/12)12:6<525::AID-JQS347>3.0.CO;2-M.
- USGS tephrochronology technique
- Tephra and Tephrochronology, The University of Edinburgh
- Antarctic Research Group
- TEPHROCHRONOLOGY AND HIGH-PRECISION ANALYSIS
- International Arctic Workshop, 2004. Stefan Wastegård et al., "Towards a tephrochronology framework for the last glacial/interglacial transition in Scandinavia and the Faroe Islands": (Abstract)


text:
Regular inkjet technology could be used to print sheets of lasers onto any surface, thanks to research from Cambridge University.
Lasers are generally produced on silicon wafers, using similar processes to that of chip manufacturers. These are then used for a variety of applications, from reading data on a Blu-ray disk, to beaming data across the world in high speed internet connections, not to mention wider medical uses.
With a new production technique involving printing laser producing material, scientists could enable these many applications and more with greater ease, using any material as a surface.
Cambridge University researchers used materials known as chiral nematic liquid crystals (LCs), similar to that found in LCD televisions, to create the lasers. These photonic materials are able to produce laser light when placed under the correct conditions, such as when the scientists add a fluorescent dye.
While it has been possible to create this effect in labs previously, production methods have been overly complex, involving printing on substrates such as glass and silicon. However Cambridge scientists have now created a way to print small dots of LCs using standard inkjet technology
By printing onto a polymer surface scientists have the ability to print on almost any surface, even flexible ones, producing tuneable laser sources, and high resolution laser displays. Medical applications using the patented printing system are also being touted, according to the university.


The Science Behind Gymnastics
Ranked #97 in Gymnastics
Behind every jump, spin, and flip of Olympic gymnastics, science is at work. Centrifugal force is at work in a midair spin, and center of gravity is involved in balance beam routines. Newton s Third Law of Motion springs into action as a gymnast flies into the air in the vaulting event. Find out how science is involved in all your favorite gymnastics events and how gymnasts take science into account as they chase the gold medal." less
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Why It's A Better Idea To Leave Bacon Aside
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What's the harm in eating a bit of pork or bacon? Well it triggers the immune system to some serious action. Read on to find out more.
This is a very heated subject. I am sure I will not be making any friends by writing this article about bacon. But, I wanted to shed some light on why this food might be best left in the supermarket.
Pork Stimulates The Immune System
Pigs, like most animals make high amounts of certain molecules (antibodies and carbohydrates). These molecule are for the pig's own immune health. One of these carbohydrates (galactose alpha- (1-3) galactose let's just call it 'Alpha Gal') is not found in the human body.So, when we consume bacon this foreign substance stimulates your immune system and proceeds down the pathway of disease.
This is much the same process that happens when you catch a cold or a virus. Your body recognizes the virus as bad and seeks a way to remove it. Your body then starts to activate its own immune system, and after a certain point you would start to get a runny nose, cough, sinus congestion, etc.
While I am not stating that you will get cold like symptoms from eating bacon, it would simply act as one more stone that you throw into a bucket of water before it overflows. Most of the time people do not realize how sick they are until it's too late. This is when and how chronic diseases occur.
Alpha Gal And Uncle PHiL
Some people will not even recognize they are sick until it's too late. A good example of this process can happen when bacon or pork is consumed. You can actually get a delayed anaphylactic attack 3-6 hours post ingestion because certain antibodies can cause your throat to close up when you come in contact with 'alpha gal'.
We have developed this response to protect ourselves. An interesting note is that 'alpha gal' very closely resembles your ABO blood type so your immune system will mount an intense reaction to remove it.
The other main player when you eat bacon or pork is a certain lectin called 'Porcine Heart Lectin', let's just call this Uncle PHiL.
Uncle PHiL is not a nice house guest. When he visits, he always makes a mess. This is via a specific process called agglutination, which simply means Uncle PHiL likes to attach to red blood cells much like velcro on tennis balls. When agglutination occurs, your body seeks to kick Uncle PHiL out of the house.
In short, when bacon or pork is consumed 'Alpha-Gal' and Uncle PHiL are welcomed as guests into our house. They then proceed to make themselves at home. They become too comfortable and overstay their welcome. You the host, then have to ask them to leave.
While I don't eat bacon or pork, I know a fair amount of people who do. I would say this is fine if done sparingly. After all, one of the tools I use in the treatment of my patients is dietary change. Since I understand that food is very important to people for certain reasons (energy, emotional, spiritually), I usually don't act like a religious group and ask you to give up something 100% of the time.
I work with you to get to know the individual and understand what makes you tick. I work with diet and lifestyle modification along with natural supplements and epigenetic modification to help fix the underlying reason of a complaint in a holistic format.
If you are interested in reading a testimonial of a patient of mine who decided to eat pork after avoiding it for a few months please read below:
"I feel the diet (new lifestyle habits) has made a HUGE impact. I weigh 121 pounds (10 pounds lost healthily – naturally eating 3 – 4 times a day, what I've been advised to eat) and my energy has gone through the roof (minus this weekend, which I will explain in depth below), and I have been waking up (until this weekend), with minimal to no discomfort – stiffness and arthritis has almost completely disappeared. It is seriously remarkable. I have been feeling like a different person (up until this weekend).
This Weekend: I had an event (Fri, Sat, and Sunday) where Chefs compete with organic – farm raised – no hormone pigs (which I am not supposed to eat). These famous chefs prepare 5 dishes with pig. There's also fine cheeses, paired with alcohol, etc and desserts.
It is quite the extravaganza. This weekend – I completely came off my diet for the purpose of fully enjoying what the chefs had to offer (plus it is insulting not to eat what the chefs have prepared, etc). However, I certainly paid a price. Monday I couldn't get out of bed and had a fever – stiffness and arthritis was through the roof.
And I feel that is attributed to the food. Which didn't only include pig, but wheat, and dairy, etc – things that I have entirely cut out since my initial appointment. I felt this was important to share because it clearly makes a difference what I eat.
Thank you for what you do. In this short time I can't even begin to explain how after 10 years of severe lethargy, pain, and arthritis daily I've had glimpses of my old self. I am so grateful for you and your work… it really does help change lives.
Eternally Grateful,
S.L."
Peter D'Adamo ND
Dr. Peter D'Adamo is a naturopathic physician and the author of the NY Times best seller, Eat Right 4 Your Type, which advanced the idea that blood types play a vital role in optimal health and well-being. Dr. D'Adamo is the founder of the Center of Excellence in Generative Medicine at the University of Bridgeport in CT, and he serves as a Distinguished Professor of Clinical Studies at the University of Bridgeport College of Naturopathic Medicine.
Peter D'Adamo ND
Dr. Peter D'Adamo is a naturopathic physician and the author of the NY Times best seller, Eat Right 4 Your Type, which advanced the idea that blood types play a vital role in optimal health and well-being. Dr. D'Adamo is the founder of the Center of Excellence in Generative Medicine at the University of Bridgeport in CT, and he serves as a Distinguished Professor of Clinical Studies at the University of Bridgeport College of Naturopathic Medicine.
FURTHER READING


text:
Why spend valuable time fixing audio problems in your video editing software—or worse, rerecording lines of dialogue— when you could capture pro-quality audio at the source?
Connecting your Blue USB microphone to your DSLR or mirrorless camera helps you assemble a better sounding final edit more quickly without manually syncing an external audio track. It's an easy way to spend more time gaming, podcasting and playing music instead of troubleshooting out-of-sync audio.
In this article, we'll show you how to connect your DSLR or mirrorless camera to the Blue Yeti USB microphone.
USB Microphone vs. Camera Shotgun Mic
Using a USB mic instead of your built-in camera mic gives you the freedom to move closer to the subject for more precise mic placement and higher-quality audio.
Many videographers pack a camera-mounted shotgun mic as part of their kit, which is great for capturing natural sound on-location (and recording extra room tone, just in case). However, being attached to the camera, shotgun mics are typically placed at such a distance that speech can sound washed out and difficult to understand.
Luckily, with a few common cables you probably already have in your camera bag, you can connect your USB mic to your camera's mic input. Here's what you need.
Photo by Kyle Loftus from Pexels
What You Need to Connect a Camera and Microphone
Here's what you need to connect your USB microphone to your camera:
- Mirrorless or DSLR camera, or a webcam with USB input, like the Mevo Start Laptop computer
- Blue Yeti USB Stereo Microphone
- 3.5mm to 3.5mm TRS stereo cable
- USB cable
How to Connect a Camera and Microphone
1. Using a USB cable, connect your Blue Yeti USB microphone to a laptop computer.
2. Adjust your computer's audio settings.
In Mac OS, open System Preferences, navigate to the "Sound" panel and set both the Input and Output devices to "Yeti Stereo Microphone."
PC users will open the Control Panel, click "Hardware and Sound," navigate to the "Recording" tab and set both the Recording and Playback devices to "Yeti Stereo Microphone."
3. Connect a 3.5mm to 3.5mm TRS stereo cable between the Yeti's headphone output and your camera's Audio Input.
4. Configure your camera's audio settings. On Canon cameras, press the Menu Button and select "Manual" Record Mode.
5. Turn your camera's microphone level all the way off.
6. Using the Yeti's gain control, adjust the input level so that normal speech is no louder than -12 dB.
7. Test the microphone and camera. Adjust input level as necessary.
8. Press record.
Now that you're using your USB microphone to improve the audio quality of your video content or streaming feed, you can watch the likes, comments and subscribes start rolling in—and never spend another minute dragging and dropping out-of-sync audio tracks. Check out our blog for more tips.


text:
As a widely utilized phenomenon, condensation heat transfer is deeply related to the efficiency of energy utilization in industry. In recent decades, the condensation of vapor mixture attracted extensive attention, since the possibility to achieve high performance of heat transfer. During the condensation of some binary vapor Marangoni condensation), a special phenomenon was discovered that the spontaneous movement of condensate drop occurred. It was observed that condensate drops moved from the low temperature region to the high temperature region on a heat transfer surface. Therefore, the surface tension gradient induced by the temperature gradient was considered as the driving force. However, another affecting factor on the spontaneous movement of condensate drops, the direction of vapor flow, was also discovered. In this study, the experimental study was performed, and the results showed that the condensate drops tended to move towards the inlet direction of vapor flow.
Keywords Marangoni condensation, Spontaneous drop movement, Waterâ€"ethanol vapor mixture, Surface tension


text:
and history of Cosmeston medieval settlement
The Cosmeston medieval settlement site was discovered
during excavations by the Glamorgan
Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd. in 1977 and 1982, in
response to a development threat close to the known site of 'Cosmeston
Castle'. Archaeological investigations revealed the remains of 13th
and 14th century stone buildings, the Local Authority then invited
the Trust to undertake a long term research programme. Cardiff University
is now investigating the large archive of archaeological
finds from the GGAT excavations as part of the new project,
and conducting ongoing investigations such as landscape
survey and excavation
to increase knowledge about this unique site.
Excavations by Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust
Image © Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd.
Formerly in the Welsh kingdom of Morgannwg, Cosmeston lies within
the lands conquered by the Norman lord Robert Fitzhammon, and established
as the lordship of Glamorgan. One of his followers was the de Constentin
family, from the Constentin peninsular in northern France, who became
the first known lords of the manor at Constentinstune (Cosmeston)
'the place of the Constentins'. By 1317 the manor had passed to
the de Caversham family and then to the Herbert family by 1550.
During the 19th century the Bute family, famous for rebuilding Cardiff
Castle and the industrialisation of Cardiff's coal port, became
the owners of Cosmeston.
Village reconstruction. Image © Glamorgan Gwent
Archaeological Trust Ltd.
In the medieval period the manor of Cosmeston was a sub-manor of
Sully, forming part of the lordship of Glamorgan, and similar in
size to the present day parish of Lavernock.
The administrative centre of the manor was the manor house, which
at Cosmeston has been historically known as a 'castle'. In south
Wales manor houses of this period were often heavily fortified and
15th century references to Cosmeston mention a tower or corner bastion,
it appears to have been abandoned by 1437. Evidence of a manorial
garden and dovecot have also been found in the field south-west
of the manor house.
Medieval Fair Event at the village 2007. Image © Karolina Ploska.
The peasant farmers, who held land from the lord of the manor, usually
produced enough food to sustain their families, provide rent for
the land, and in a good year a surplus which could be traded for
money. At Cosmeston, in common with other local villages, their
buildings were made from locally available limestone bedded in courses
and mortared with clay. Each homestead was located within a block
of land known as a croft, typically 11/2 -2 acres in size. At Cosmeston
boundaries of some crofts can be seen as earthworks in a field on
the opposite side of the modern B4267 road, the original medieval
route being through the village. The farmstead, a group of three
buildings grouped around a central yard at Cosmeston, is very interesting
as many medieval farms in Wales consisted of a 'longhouse' where
people and animals lived at either end of the same building, and
not separately as in this case.The enclosed fields of the manorial
lord were known as the demesne, over which the peasants could not
exercise common rights of grazing, woodcutting or hunting.
This planned and managed landscape is likely to have existed around
Cosmeston as a direct consequence of the Norman conquest and settlement
of the Vale of Glamorgan in the early 12th century. Other types
of settlement also included small hamlets and isolated farmsteads,
two of which existed at nearby Sutton and Lavernock.
Cosmeston guide book © Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust


text:
針状微粒子から作製した配向性マンガン亜鉛フェライト Crystal Oriented Manganese Zinc Ferrites Made from Acicular Fine Particles
Acicular manganese zinc ferrite particles were prepared and then a sintered manganese zinc ferrite with well crystal-orientation was experimentally fabricated by using the acicular particles.
As the starting materials of the acicular manganese zinc ferrite particles, the acicular α -FeOOH, Mn(C5H7O2)3 and Zn(C5H7O2)2 were used and the mixture of these materials were sintered at 900°C for 4 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. The highest values obtained by measurement for the sintered particles were saturation magnetization of 68.8 emu/g (0.458 Wb/m2 ), coercivity of 81 Oe (6.5 kA/m), the length of the long axis of 2μm and aspect ratio of 15 respectively. As a result of chemical etching of the acicular particle, it has become apparent that several crystallites are linearly aligned in a particle.
The acicular manganese zinc ferrite particles were pressed and formed to a shape under the magnatic field of 12 kOe (960 kA/m) by wet method, and then sintered at 1250°C in air. The sintered manganese zinc ferrite strongly exhibited a uniaxial crystal-orientation similar to that of the manganese zinc ferrite single crystal.
粉体および粉末冶金 43(1), 36-40, 1996-01-15
Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy


text:
Does the stigma around drugs and the people who use them cost lives?
Evidence demonstrates that many who could benefit from treatment can be discouraged from doing so by language, attitudes and behaviours that appear judgmental, even if these are displayed unwittingly. Stigma can negatively impact the morale of those providing support services, and friends and families of those at risk can often feel the effects of stigma by association, at a time when they too deserve support.
The Taskforce recognises that tackling stigma could make a significant contribution to reducing drug-related deaths in Scotland and has published a strategy paper supporting this and highlighting a way forward. We encourage all our stakeholders to be aware of the negative impact of stigma and work to ensure every touchpoint in support services projects a positive, encouraging outlook to those engaging with them. And we encourage our partners in their efforts to raise public awareness of the potentially devastating effects of stigma.
We also ask that anyone, including media, writing or commenting on issues relating to substance use, including drug related deaths, to do so without using the stigmatising language or imagery that perpetuates harm to those at risk. Instead, we support any effort to work together to create a safe space for those at risk, those in recovery, and people impacted by someone else's substance use.
Images of drugs, broken bottles, paraphernalia, and people in vulnerable conditions can tend to be the stock images of alcohol and drugs that are used in most media articles. Yet these are negative and stigmatising. Similarly, stigmatising language such as 'user' and 'addict' can be seen time and time again, together with terms such as 'drug abuse', 'drug user', and with people who are being interviewed are titled 'ex-addict' or 'former drug abuser'.
We support the approach recommended by Scottish Families Affected by Alcohol and Drugs (SFAD), and the Scottish Recovery Consortium in their joint research programme entitled Insert Standard Stigmatising Headline & Image Here: Rewriting the Media's Portrayal of Addiction and Recovery and the six recommendations it has for journalists and editors:
- Use positive imagery
- Adopt People First language
- Use your article as an opportunity to educate
- Always include support service information
- Learn about lived experience and the impact of stigma
- Include more positive stories reflecting recovery, support, and lived/living experiences
SFAD have also published a Reporting of Substance Media Toolkit which is available here: Reporting of Substance Media Toolkit - SFAD
In addition we would like to showcase the work of a young artist who has developed a comic displaying why language matters. The authors and funder have given permission to download for display or distribution.
Millie Strachan is a comic artist based in Dundee. She has been creating comics for the last four years after joining Dundee Comics Creative Space. Millie is starting the Art & Design (general foundation) course at Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art & Design in September 2020. She created the 'language matters' comic as part of a Society for the Study of Addiction funded knowledge exchange project led by Dr Tessa Parkes (University of Stirling) to examine the potential of a substance use prevention intervention, the Icelandic Model, in Dundee. Millie's comic captures a discussion of the project team around the need for person-centred language when talking about people who use drugs and/or alcohol.


text:
A Kid's Guide to Arab American History: More Than 50 Activities
Chicago Review Press
Publication date: January 2013
Digital Book format: PDF (Adobe DRM)
You save: $3.00 (21%)
Many Americans, educators included, mistakenly believe all Arabs share the same culture, language, and religion, and have only recently begun immigrating to the United States. A Kid's Guide to Arab American History dispels these and other stereotypes and provides a contemporary as well as historical look at the people and experiences that have shaped Arab American culture. Each chapter focuses on a different group of Arab Americans including those of Lebanese, Syrian, Palestinian, Jordanian, Egyptian, Iraqi, and Yemeni descent and features more than 50 fun activities that highlight their distinct arts, games, clothing, and food. Kids will love dancing the dabke, constructing a derbekke drum, playing a game of senet, making hummus, creating an arabesque design, and crafting an Egyptian-style cuff bracelet. Along the way they will learn to count in Kurdish, pick up a few Syrian words for family members, learn a Yemeni saying, and speak a little Iraqi. Short biographies of notable Arab Americans, including actor and philanthropist Danny Thomas, singer Paula Abdul, artist Helen Zughaib, and activist Ralph Nader, demonstrate a wide variety of careers and contributions.


text:
- American Association for Clinical Chemistry (AACC) AACC is a global scientific and medical professional organization dedicated to clinical laboratory science and its application to healthcare. AACC's strategic plan set goals for innovation, growth, and influence in five areas: value of membership, best practices, science and innovation, financial resources, and global influence.
- American Board of Clinical Chemistry (ABCC) ABCC is a not-for-profit organization, incorporated in 1950, devoted to certification of individuals with doctoral level degrees in the practice of clinical chemistry, toxicological chemistry, and other clinical laboratory medicine disciplines. In purpose, function, and organization the ABCC is analogous to the certifying boards in various medical specialties. The aim of the Board is to serve the public interest and advance the science by establishing standards of competence for those who practice clinical laboratory medicine, and to certify as Diplomates those qualified specialists who comply with the requirements of the Board.
- American Chemical Society (ACS) ACS is a congressionally chartered not-for-profit 501(c)3 scientific society. The Society is committed to being a strong and sustainable organization, maintaining adequate financial resources and adhering to financial stewardship principles that will ensure its ability to accomplish the ACS goals today and into the future.
- Association of Medical and Graduate Departments of Biochemistry (AMGDB) AMGDB, founded in 1969, represents Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at graduate and medical schools. The AMGDB is concerned with issues related to fundamental and biomedical science, health research, science policy and education.
- Canadian Society for Molecular Biosciences (CSMBSCBM) CSMBSCBM's mandate is to advance and promote molecular biosciences, with a focus on advocating for robust and sustainable funding for fundamental research in Canada. The Canadian Biochemical Society (CBS) was first conceived by a group of biochemists on October 9th, 1957. In 1992 the Society changed its name to the Canadian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (CSBM) in order to better reflect the scientific interests of its membership. In 1995 the Canadian Society of Cellular and Molecular Biology elected to surrender its charter and merged with the Canadian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology to form the Canadian Society of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology (CSMBSCBM).
- Chemistry Education Association (CEA) CEA seeks to promote the study and general knowledge of all branches of Chemistry at the secondary level of education. The means of carrying out this policy was determined as the establishment of the necessary funds to facilitate the writing and publishing of appropriate educational material, and to promote and assist teachers of Chemistry in the development of their teaching skills.
- Chemseer Chemseer is an online resource in the field of chemical science in universities and industry. Chemseer lists PhD studentships, postdoctoral positions and industrial jobs in chemistry, pharmaceutical science, biochemistry and biotechnology in academic institutions and commercial organisations. Chemseer also lists a diary of conferences occurring throughout the world. Also included is a number of valuable resource tools, including links to online science journals, links to some companies and to UK academic establishments.
- Chinese-American Chemical Society (CACS) CACS is a non-political and non-profit professional organization. The purpose of CACS is to encourage the advancement of chemistry and chemical engineering sciences and technologies in all branches, to improve the qualification and occupational opportunities of its members, to facilitate professional contacts, and to promote interactions with other scientific communities. CACS is the only Chinese professional organization that is officially recognized by ACS and AICheE.
- European Association for Chemical and Molecular Sciences (EuCheMS) EuCheMS aims to nurture a platform for scientific discussion and to provide a single, unbiased European voice on key policy issues in chemistry and related fields. EuCheMS organises several specialised academic conferences as well as the biannual EuCheMS Chemistry Congress, the European congress of chemical sciences. EuCheMS also promotes the role and image of the chemical sciences among the general public and policy-makers through social media, newsletters and through the organisation of conferences and workshops open to the society.
- International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB) The Union is devoted to promoting research and education in biochemistry and molecular biology throughout the world and gives particular attention to areas where the subject is still in its early development. IUBMB seeks to advance the international molecular life sciences community by: promoting interactions across the diversity of endeavours in the molecular life sciences; creating networks that transcend barriers of ethnicity, culture, gender and economic status; creating pathways for young scientists to fulfil their potential; providing evidence-based advice on public policy; promoting the values, standards and ethics of science and the free and unhampered movement of scientists of all nations.
- National Science Teachers Association (NSTA) NSTA, founded in 1944, is the largest organization in the world committed to promoting excellence and innovation in science teaching and learning for all. The purpose for which the Association is organized is to stimulate, improve, and coordinate science teaching at all levels of instruction and to engage in any and all activities in furtherance thereof; to promote the improvement of educational systems and processes in the schools in any manner to assist such stimulation and coordination of science teaching; to apprise the general public of possible means of improving science teaching with the schools; and generally to do any and all acts and things which may increase, through education, the knowledge of science devolving upon the general public through such knowledge of science.
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) The RSC is the largest organisation in Europe for advancing the chemical sciences. The general advancement of chemical science and its application and for that purpose: to foster and encourage the growth and application of such science by the dissemination of chemical knowledge; to establish, uphold and advance the standards of qualification, competence and conduct of those who practise chemistry as a profession; to serve the public interest by acting in an advisory, consultative or representative capacity in matters relating to the science and practice of chemistry; and to advance the aims and objectives of members of the Society so far as they relate to the advancement of the science or practice of chemistry.
Most recent job openings in Chemistry from HigherEdJobs:
Academic360 has partnered with HigherEdJobs.com to provide additional resources for our job seekers. Listed below are the most recent job postings from HigherEdJobs.com for this discipline.
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loads initiated (for example to seek) will be in the background.
 virtual void SetLoadInBackground(bool aLoadInBackground) {}
 // Ensures that the value returned by IsSuspendedByCache below is up to date
 // (i.e. the cache has examined this stream at least once).
 virtual void EnsureCacheUpToDate() {}
 // These can be called on any thread.
 // Cached blocks associated with this stream will not be evicted
 // while the stream is pinned.
 virtual void Pin() = 0;
 virtual void Unpin() = 0;
 // Get the estimated download rate in bytes per second (assuming no
 // pausing of the channel is requested by Gecko).
 // *aIsReliable is set to true if we think the estimate is useful.
 virtual double GetDownloadRate(bool* aIsReliable) = 0;
 // Get the length of the stream in bytes. Returns -1 if not known.
 // This can change over time; after a seek operation, a misbehaving
 // server may give us a resource of a different length to what it had
 // reported previously --- or it may just lie in its Content-Length
 // header and give us more or less data than it reported. We will adjust
 // the result of GetLength to reflect the data that's actually arriving.
 virtual int64_t GetLength() = 0;
 // Returns the offset of the first byte of cached data at or after aOffset,
 // or -1 if there is no such cached data.
 virtual int64_t GetNextCachedData(int64_t aOffset) = 0;
 // Returns the end of the bytes starting at the given offset
 // which are in cache.
 virtual int64_t GetCachedDataEnd(int64_t aOffset) = 0;
 // Returns true if all the data from aOffset to the end of the stream
 // is in cache. If the end of the stream is not known, we return false.
 virtual bool IsDataCachedToEndOfResource(int64_t aOffset) = 0;
 // Returns true if we are expecting any more data to arrive
 // sometime in the not-too-distant future, either from the network or from
 // an appendBuffer call on a MediaSource element.
 virtual bool IsExpectingMoreData()
 {
 // MediaDecoder::mDecoderPosition is roughly the same as Tell() which
 // returns a position updated by latest Read() or ReadAt().
 return !IsDataCachedToEndOfResource(Tell()) && !IsSuspended();
 }
 // Returns true if this stream is suspended by the cache because the
 // cache is full. If true then the decoder should try to start consuming
 // data, otherwise we may not be able to make progress.
 // MediaDecoder::NotifySuspendedStatusChanged is called when this
 // changes.
 // For resources using the media cache, this returns true only when all
 // streams for the same resource are all suspended.
 virtual bool IsSuspendedByCache() = 0;
 // Returns true if this stream has been suspended.
 virtual bool IsSuspended() = 0;
 // Reads only data which is cached in the media cache. If you try to read
 // any data which overlaps uncached data, or if aCount bytes otherwise can't
 // be read, this function will return failure. This function be called from
 // any thread, and it is the only read operation which is safe to call on
 // the main thread, since it's guaranteed to be non blocking.
 virtual nsresult ReadFromCache(char* aBuffer,
 int64_t aOffset,
 uint32_t aCount) = 0;
 // Returns true if the resource can be seeked to unbuffered ranges, i.e.
 // for an HTTP network stream this returns true if HTTP1.1 Byte Range
 // requests are supported by the connection/server.
 virtual bool IsTransportSeekable() = 0;
 /**
 * Create a resource, reading data from the channel. Call on main thread only.
 * The caller must follow up by calling resource->Open().
 */
 static already_AddRefed<MediaResource> Create(MediaResourceCallback* aCallback, nsIChannel* aChannel);
 /**
 * Open the stream. This creates a stream listener and returns it in
 * aStreamListener; this listener needs to be notified of incoming data.
 */
 virtual nsresult Open(nsIStreamListener** aStreamListener) = 0;
 /**
 * Fills aRanges with MediaByteRanges representing the data which is cached
 * in the media cache. Stream should be pinned during call and while
 * aRanges is being used.
 */
 virtual nsresult GetCachedRanges(MediaByteRangeSet& aRanges) = 0;
 // Ensure that the media cache writes any data held in its partial block.
 // Called on the main thread only.
 virtual void FlushCache() { }
 // Notify that the last data byte range was loaded.
 virtual void NotifyLastByteRange() { }
 // Returns the content type of the resource. This is copied from the
 // nsIChannel when the MediaResource is created. Safe to call from
 // any thread.
 virtual const nsCString& GetContentType() const = 0;
 // Get the RtspMediaResource pointer if this MediaResource really is a
 // RtspMediaResource. For calling Rtsp specific functions.
 virtual RtspMediaResource* GetRtspPointer() {
 return nullptr;
 }
 // Return true if the stream is a live stream
 virtual bool IsRealTime() {
 return false;
 }
 // Returns true if the resource is a live stream.
 virtual bool IsLiveStream()
 {
 return GetLength() == -1;
 }
 virtual size_t SizeOfExcludingThis(MallocSizeOf aMallocSizeOf) const {
 return 0;
 }
 virtual size_t SizeOfIncludingThis(MallocSizeOf aMallocSizeOf) const {
 return aMallocSizeOf(this) + SizeOfExcludingThis(aMallocSizeOf);
 }
 const nsCString& GetContentURL() const { return EmptyCString(); }
protected:
 virtual ~MediaResource() {};
private:
 void Destroy();
};
class BaseMediaResource : public MediaResource {
public:
 virtual nsIURI* URI() const override { return mURI; }
 virtual void SetLoadInBackground(bool aLoadInBackground) override;
 virtual size_t SizeOfExcludingThis(
 MallocSizeOf aMallocSizeOf) const override
 {
 // Might be useful to track in the future:
 // - mChannel
 // - mURI (possibly owned, looks like just a ref from mChannel)
 // Not owned:
 // - mCallback
 size_t size = MediaResource::SizeOfExcludingThis(aMallocSizeOf);
 size += mContentType.SizeOfExcludingThisIfUnshared(aMallocSizeOf);
 return size;
 }
 virtual size_t SizeOfIncludingThis(
 MallocSizeOf aMallocSizeOf) const override
 {
 return aMallocSizeOf(this) + SizeOfExcludingThis(aMallocSizeOf);
 }
 // Returns the url of the resource. Safe to call from any thread?
 const nsCString& GetContentURL() const
 {
 return mContentURL;
 }
protected:
 BaseMediaResource(MediaResourceCallback* aCallback,
 nsIChannel* aChannel,
 nsIURI* aURI,
 const nsACString& aContentType) :
 mCallback(aCallback),
 mChannel(aChannel),
 mURI(aURI),
 mContentType(aContentType),
 mLoadInBackground(false)
 {
 MOZ_COUNT_CTOR(BaseMediaResource);
 NS_ASSERTION(!mContentType.IsEmpty(), "Must know content type");
 mURI->GetSpec(mContentURL);
 }
 virtual ~BaseMediaResource()
 {
 MOZ_COUNT_DTOR(BaseMediaResource);
 }
 virtual const nsCString& GetContentType() const override
 {
 return mContentType;
 }
 // Set the request's load flags to aFlags. If the request is part of a
 // load group,


text:
Nova Scotia grape growers are facing a potentially catastrophic loss of crops after an unseasonably warm winter followed by a sudden cold snap didn't give plants a chance to acclimatize to wild temperature swings.
"It's a devastating blow to the industry," said Steve Ells, president of the Grape Growers Association of Nova Scotia.
Mr. Ells said half the industry is made up of independent growers that aren't wineries, so they could be in the worst shape.
"For those growers, it's really devastating since they potentially have no income or very little income depending on their mix of varieties," he said.
Nova Scotia is the fourth-largest fruit producer in the country, contributing up to 7.8 per cent of Canada's total production. While Nova Scotia is largely known for producing apples, grapes and wine are a growing industry with more than 100 members in the grape growers' association.
As reported in The Globe and Mail last fall, the growth is largely thanks to warming temperatures. The average summertime temperature in the Annapolis Valley, the predominant fruit-growing region in the province, was 17.9 C in the 1980s. Now it averages around 19 C. The average winter temperature has also increased by a degree and a half since the 1980s.
This year, the Annapolis Valley had one of its warmest winters on record, with December and January averaging above O C. This was then followed by one of the coldest February nights on record since 2009, hitting minus 25 C on Feb. 4. A week earlier, temperatures were as high as 6 C.
Based on samples examined by farmers shortly after the February freeze, there is an anticipated complete loss of vinifera grapes, which are the traditional European varieties such as chardonnay, riesling and geisenheim. Hybrids are expected to fare better with an anticipated loss of around 30 to 70 per cent.
John Eikelenboom, owner of 1365 Church Street Vineyard and Winery in Port Williams, said he is anticipating a loss of 60 to 70 per cent of his grape crop this year.
"It isn't quite a disaster, but it is very serious," he said.
Mr. Eikelenboom, a farmer for 60 years, described himself as a risk-taker and planted many vinifera grapes.
Karl Coutinho, owner of Avondale Sky Winery, estimated his crop is down about 40 per cent, but isn't sure of the extent of the damage yet. If he has to replant all the vines, he's looking at three to five years to recover.
"If it's just this year, then no worries. The scary part is that this could happen next year," Mr. Coutinho said.
The provincial government has said it will provide $15-million toward programs to help recovery, but no specifics are in place yet. The province said in a news release the funding will go toward losses not covered by crop insurance and toward replanting and climate change mitigation programs.
Nova Scotia Agriculture Minister Greg Morrow said the true extent of damage will be known this month, and he is expecting support programs to be rolled out in late summer.
"Our producers have been through a lot," he said referring to post-tropical storm Fiona last fall and this winter's polar vortex. "The $15-million is to support them and is a show of good faith."
Harrison Wright, a plant physiologist with the Kentville Research and Development Centre, said the cold snap preceded by warm weather was "probably the most damaging event in my estimation."
Dr. Wright explained that the plants were unable to acclimate and harden, which usually takes weeks of cold weather. Since temperatures largely stayed above freezing throughout December and January, plants couldn't properly prepare for the sudden cold.
"Plants don't like sudden change. That combination of being really warm and plunging to really cold is what caused this," he said.
Dr. Wright isn't sure if the warming weather can be seen as an overall risk since while plants acclimatizing to the cold is getting worse, less extreme cold weather is also beneficial. However, he said there is a need to start looking at plants that harden even in warmer winter temperatures to prevent this from happening again.
"We need to start paying attention to how different cultivars are impacted by that warm weather. Something that can become hardy, even on a warm winter is going to have less risk involved with it."