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Using this simple and cheap method you can calculate the optimum hanging height for any grow light in any space without expensive tools or specialist equipment. We will show you how to use a free PAR meter App on your phone or a cheap lux meter to measure the PAR (Photosynthetically Active Radiation, the light that causes photosynthesis and growth) across the grow canopy. We show you how to map out the PAR intensity across your grow area at different heights, calculate the Average PAR for each height and the uniformity (how well the light is spread).
The first step is to hang the grow light at the height the manufacturer recommends or where you think it is probably the best setting taking care of the following:
 - Run the light for 30 minutes to warm it up.
 - Level the light fixture
 - Adjust to maximum power setting
Then you create a 'target surface' to take the measurements. You can use the bottom of the grow tent or a piece of board to simulate the plant canopy and setup as follows:
 - Use a dark surface which does not reflect much light so you do not get false readings from reflected light
 - Divide the area into squares – I suggest 15cm or 6″ squares (you can go smaller for more accuracy or larger but it will be less accurate)
Measure the light intensity across the grow area with a lux meter or PAR app
The next step is to use a lux meter or PAR meter to measure the intensity in each square and make a chart with the numbers in each square (Using a spreadsheet is ideal).
Find out how to calibrate a cheap Amazon Lux meter to a PAR meter here:
Or use the an iPhone and the IOS app, Photone for accurate PAR readings, link here:
This is your first PAR or LUX chart, congratulations!!
You can then calculate the average light intensity or PAR (if you use the lux meter calibration or Photone App) with the following calculation:
Grow light setup calculate par average
Grow light setup – calculate par average
Then take the readings again with the light lower and higher for comparison. This is trial and error but I would suggest lowering and raising in the same increments i.e. 10cm or 5″ each time. Take one lower than your first reading and two higher. You will then be able to compare the average and total light intensity reaching the plant canopy and also determine the most uniform or even spread (please note this example did not have reflective walls on the nearest side and the light intensity is lower, this was to enable filming of the process).
Grow light setup compare hanging heights to determine optimum setting
Grow light setup – compare hanging heights to determine optimum setting
You can clearly see the total amount of light increases as the fixture is lowered. The increase in lowering just 10cm or 5″ is nearly 10%!! This would equate to a yield increase of 10% also. However lowering too much will result in hot spots (readings over 1,000 µmols/m²/sec) and less even coverage, particularly in the corners.
By taking a reading of the power consumed by the light fixture you can also calculate the efficiency of the setup. First calculate the total PAR by multiplying the average PAR x the area in sq. meters. Then divide the total par by the power consumed to get the total efficacy of the lighting setup.
Grow light setup calc par total par and efficiency
Grow light setup – calculation of total par and system efficacy
Using this method you can now map out the light spread for any light in any space and optimise the setup by adjusting the grow light to the perfect height.
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text:
The Consortium for School Networking (CoSN), in partnership with MDR (Market Data Retrieval), today released the final results of its first E-rate and broadband survey on the challenges K-12 schools nationwide face with growing demand of digital learning environments. With more than 460 responses from 44 states, 43 percent of districts said none of their schools meet the broadband goal of 100Mbps of Internet access per 1,000 students today. The 100Mbps goal has been advocated by the State Education Technology Directors Association (SETDA) and the LEAD Commission Blueprint, as well as reinforced by President Obama's ConnectED initiative.
The survey, which was conducted from August to September, seeks to inform critical choices the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) should make in the coming months regarding the E-rate program.
Nearly one-third of those surveyed said they did not apply for some of the E-rate program's funding due to anticipated shortfalls in funding. Bandwidth was identified as the most important priority for the E-rate program, followed by wireless in schools, as well as school Local Area Network (LAN) connectivity and district Wide Area Network (WAN) connectivity.
See on _URL_

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The 2021 Ontario Economic Report is Here!
This week, the Ontario Chamber of Commerce (OCC) released the fifth annual Ontario Economic Report (OER), providing the latest data on Ontario's economy and business confidence, highlighting the unprecedented year that was 2020 and the unpredictability that lies in the year ahead.
Key highlights include:
- Ontario witnessed a steep decline in real GDP growth (-5.6 percent) in 2020 but is projected to see a moderate rebound of 4.8 percent in 2021, fuelled largely in part by expectations for vaccination rollout and the eventual re-opening of the economy.
- In 2020, only 21 percent of survey respondents expressed confidence in Ontario's economic outlook. Less than half of Ontario businesses (48 percent) are confident in the outlook of their own organizations over the next year. o Small businesses are more pessimistic about Ontario's outlook than larger ones. Only 20 percent of small businesses expressed confidence in Ontario's economy, compared to 27 percent of medium and large businesses.
- The majority (58 percent) of survey respondents said their organizations shrank between April and September, while only 17 percent grew.
- Employment growth declined throughout the province in 2020, with 47 percent of organizations indicating they let employees go due to COVID-19.
- Sectors most negatively impacted by the crisis included: accommodation and food services; arts, entertainment, and recreation; and retail. Businesses in these sectors were among those most pessimistic about the economic outlook and most likely to have shrunk and let go of staff in 2020.
- Businesses' priorities for governments during economic recovery included enhancing access to capital, reforming business taxes, encouraging Ontarians to buy local, and investing in broadband infrastructure.
Muskoka-Kawartha Economic Region Highlight:
- 2020 Employment data shows far fewer job losses in Muskoka-Kawarthas than other regions in 2020 (change in employment was -0.9 percent in Muskoka-Kawarthas and -4.9 percent across Ontario).
- Survey respondents in the Muskoka-Kawartha region indicate that 48% have let staff go while 42% experienced change and 10% have or plan to hire.
Muskoka-Kawarthas region is projected to have a lower jobless rate of 7.3% in 2021 compared to 9.2% in 2020.
- The rate of change in employment is projected to be higher at 4% compared to the 0.9% experienced in 2020.
- The region is also projected to have a lower population growth rate of 0.9% compared to the 1.1% recorded in 2020.
- 50% surveyed businesses in the Muskoka-Kawartha region felt the community provided enough economic activity for their business to thrive, while 37% did not feel they could thrive.
This years report is interactive and includes information from recent OCC Member Surveys as well as economic forecasting.
Looking to 2021
No business, region, sector, or demographic should be left behind in the pursuit of economic recovery and growth. Support programs and pro-growth policies should be targeted towards those experiencing the most pronounced challenges. A focus on reskilling as well as widespread access to broadband infrastructure and capital will be necessary to the revival of small business and entrepreneurship as well as an inclusive and robust economic recovery.


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||The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (May 2009)
Modern primitives or urban primitives are people in developed nations who engage in body modification rituals and practices while making reference or homage to the rite of passage practices in "primitive cultures" These practices may include body piercing, tattooing, play piercing, flesh hook suspension, corset training, scarification, branding, and cutting. The motivation for engaging in these varied practices may be personal growth, rite of passage, or spiritual or sexual curiosity.
Roland Loomis, also known as Fakir Musafar, is considered the father of the modern primitive movement. The 1989 RE/Search book Modern Primitives is largely responsible for the promotion of the concept of modern primitivism.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Direct3D 12 opens up a lot of potential by making it possible to write GPU programs that make use of multiple GPUs. For example, it's possible to write programs that distribute work among multiple GPUs from linked GPUs (eg: NVIDIA SLI or AMD Crossfire), or even between GPUs from different hardware vendors.
There are many ways to make use of these multi-adapter features, but it's not obvious yet (at least to me) how to best make use of it. In theory, we should try to make full use of all available hardware on a given computer, but there are difficult problems to solve along the way. For example:
- How can we schedule GPU tasks to minimize communication overhead between different GPUs?
- How can we distribute tasks among hardware that vary in performance?
- How can we use special hardware features? eg: "free" CPU-GPU memory sharing on integrated GPUs.
To better support multiple GPUs, Direct3D 12 brings two main features:
- Cross-adapter memory, which allows one GPU to access memory of other another GPU.
- Cross-adapter fences, which allows one GPU to synchronize its execution with another GPU.
Working with multiple GPUs in D3D12 is done explicitly, meaning that sharing memory and synchronizing GPUs must be taken into consideration by the rendering engine, as opposed to being "automagically" done inside GPU drivers. This should lead to more efficient use of multiple GPUs. Furthermore, integrating shared memory and fences into the API allows you to avoid making round-trips to the CPU to interface between GPUs.
For a nice quick illustrated guide to the features described above, I recommend the following article by Nicolas Langley: Multi-Adapter Support in DirectX 12.
D3D12 supports two classes of multi-adapter setups:
- Linked Display Adapters (LDA) refers to linked GPUs (eg: NVIDIA SLI/AMD Crossfire). They are exposed as a single
ID3D12Devicewith multiple "nodes". D3D12 APIs allow you to specify a bitset of nodes when the time comes to specify which node to use, or which nodes should share a resource.
- Multiple Display Adapters (MDA) refers to multiple different GPUs installed on the same system. For example, you might have both an integrated GPU and a discrete GPU in the same computer, or you might have two discrete GPUs from different vendors. In this scenario, you have a different
ID3D12Devicefor each adapter.
Another neat detail of D3D12's multi-adapter features is Standard Swizzle, which allows GPU and CPU to share swizzled textures using a convention on the swizzled format.
Central to multi-adapter code is the fact that each GPU node has its own set of command queues. From the perspective of D3D12, each GPU has a rendering engine, a compute engine, and a copy engine, and these engines are fed through command queues. Using multiple command queues can help the GPU schedule independent work, especially in the case of copy or compute queues. It's also possible to tweak the priority of each command queue, which makes it possible to implement background tasks.
One has to wonder who can afford the luxury of owning multiple GPUs in one computer. Considering that multi-adapter wasn't properly supported before D3D12, it was probably barely worth thinking about, other than scenarios explicitly supported by SLI/Crossfire. In this section, I'll try to enumerate some scenarios where the user might have multiple GPUs.
"Enthusiast" users with multiple GPUs:
- Linked SLI/Crossfire adapters.
- Heterogeneous discrete GPUs.
- Integrated + discrete GPU.
- Tools for 3D artists with fancy computers.
- High-powered real-time computer vision equipment.
- GPU-accelerated machine-learning.
- Engineering/physics simulations (fluids, particles, erosion…)
Another potentially interesting idea is to integrate CPU compute work in DirectX by using the WARP (software renderer) adapter. It seems a bit unfortunate to tie everyday CPU work into a graphics API. I guess it might lead to better CPU-GPU interop, or it might open opportunities to experiment with moving work between CPU and GPU and see performance differences. This is similar to using OpenCL to implement compute languages on CPU.
There are different ways to integrate multi-adapter into a DirectX program. Let's consider some options.
Pipelining with multiple GPUs comes in different flavors. For example, Alternate Frame Rendering (AFR) consists of alternating between GPUs with each frame of rendering, which allows multiple frames to be processed on-the-fly simultaneously. This kind of approach generally requires the scene you're rendering to be duplicated on all GPUs, and requires outputs of one frame's GPU to be copied to the inputs to the next frame's GPU.
AFR can unfortunately limit your design. For example, dependencies between frames can be difficult to implement efficiently. To solve this problem, instead of pipelining at the granularity of frames with AFR, one might pipeline within a frame. For example, half of the frame can be processed on one GPU, then finished on another GPU. In theory, these pipelining approaches should increase throughput, while possibly increasing latency due to the extra overhead of copying data between GPUs (between stages of the pipeline.) For this reason, we have to be careful about the overhead of copies
A great overview of multi-adapter, AFR, and frame pipelining was given in Juha Sjöholm's GDC 2016 talk: Explicit Multi GPU Programming with DirectX 12
With a good data-parallel division of our work, we can theoretically easily split our work into tasks, then distribute them among GPUs. However, there's fundamentally a big difference in the ideal level of granularity of parallelism between low-latency (real-time) users and high-throughput (offline) users. For example, work that can be done in parallel within one frame is not always worth running on multiple GPUs, since the overhead of communication might nullify the gains. In general:
- Real-time programs don't have much choice outside of parallelism within one frame (or a few frames), since they want to minimize latency, and they can't predict future user controller inputs anyways.
- Offline programs might know the entire domain of inputs ahead of time, so they can arbitrarily parallelize without needing to use parallelism within one frame.
If our goal is to render 100 frames of video for a 3D movie, we could split those 100 frames among the available GPUs and process them in parallel. Similarly, if we want to run a machine learning classification algorithm on 1000 images, we can also probably split that arbitrarily between GPUs. We can even deal with varying performance of available GPUs relatively easily: Put the 1000 tasks in a queue, and let GPUs pop them and process them as fast as they allow, perhaps using a work-stealing scheduler if you want to get fancy with load-balancing.
In the case of a real-time application, we're motivated to use parallelism within each frame to bring content to the user's face as fast as possible. To avoid the overhead of communication, we might be motivated to split work into coarse chunks. Allow me to elaborate.
To minimize the overhead of communication between GPUs, we should try to run large independent portions of the task graph on the same GPU. Parts of the task graph that run serially are an obvious candidate for running on only one GPU, although you may be able to pipeline those parts.
One way to separate an engine into coarse tasks is to split them based on their purpose. For example, you might separate your project into a GUI rendering component, a fluid simulation component, a skinning component, a shadow mapping component, and a scene rendering component. From there, you can roughly allocate each component to a GPU. Splitting code among high-level components seems like an obvious solution, but I'm worried that we'll get similar problems as the "system-on-a-thread" design for multi-threading.
With such a coarse separation of components, we have to be careful to allocate work among GPUs in a balanced way. If we split work uniformly among GPUs with varying capabilities, then we can easily be bottlenecked by the weakest GPU. Therefore, we might want to again put our tasks in a queue and distribute them among GPUs as they become available. In theory, we can further mitigate this problem with a fork/join approach. For example, if a GPU splits one of its tasks in half, then a more powerful GPU can pick up the second half of the problem while the first half is still being processed by the first GPU. This approach might work best on linked adapters, since they can theoretically share memory more efficiently.
An interesting approach to load-balancing can be found in GPU Pro 7 chapter 5.4: "Semi-static Load Balancing for Low-Latency Ray Tracing on Heterogeneous Multiple GPUs". It works by roughly splitting the framebuffer among GPUs to ray trace a scene, and alters the distribution of the split dynamically based on results of previous frames.
One complication of distributing tasks among GPUs is that we might want to run a task on the same GPU at each frame, to avoid having to copy the input state of the task to run it on a different GPU. I'm not sure if there's an obvious solution to this problem, maybe it's just something to integrate into a heuristic cost model for the scheduler.
One quite difficult problem with multi-adapter has to do with power. If a GPU is not used for a relatively short period of time, it'll start clocking itself down to save power. In other words, if you have a GPU that runs a task each frame then waits for another GPU to finish, it's possible for that first GPU to start shutting itself down. This becomes a


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KAUST DepartmentComputer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division
Online Publication Date2016-02-01
Print Publication Date2016-03
Permanent link to this recordhttp://hdl.handle.net/10754/595441
MetadataShow full item record
AbstractThe complexity of ozone (O3) formation mechanisms in the troposphere make the fast and accurate modeling of ozone very challenging. In the absence of a process model, principal component analysis (PCA) has been extensively used as a data-based monitoring technique for highly correlated process variables; however conventional PCA-based detection indices often fail to detect small or moderate anomalies. In this work, we propose an innovative method for detecting small anomalies in highly correlated multivariate data. The developed method combine the multivariate exponentially weighted moving average (MEWMA) monitoring scheme with PCA modelling in order to enhance anomaly detection performance. Such a choice is mainly motivated by the greater ability of the MEWMA monitoring scheme to detect small changes in the process mean. The proposed PCA-based MEWMA monitoring scheme is successfully applied to ozone measurements data collected from Upper Normandy region, France, via the network of air quality monitoring stations. The detection results of the proposed method are compared to that declared by Air Normand air monitoring association.
CitationOzone Measurements Monitoring Using Data-Based Approach 2016 Process Safety and Environmental Protection


GI 004 -Gerund Infinitive
Gap-fill exercise
Fill in the gerund or infinitive form of the verb (with or without to), then press "Check" to check your answers. Use the "Hint" button to get a free letter if an answer is giving you trouble. You can also click on the "[?]" button to get a clue. Note that you will lose points if you ask for hints or clues!
 1. I am too old (change) my habits now.
 2. He made us (wait) for hours.
 3. I used (live) in this place.
 4. I can't understand her (behave) like that.
 5. Try to avoid (make) him angry.
 6. I am looking forward (see) you later.
 7. Jack keeps (ask) me the time and I keep (tell) him (buy) himself a watch
 8. We showed him how (wallpaper) the room.
 9. Elephants are known (have) a fantastic memory.
 10. He hates (answer) the phone and he often lets it (ring).
 11. I am used (get) up early in the morning.
 12. Why do you keep (look) back? Are you afraid of (be) followed?
 13. The book tells you how (win) at poker.
 14. I asked him (explain) but he refused (say) anything.


Chegg Textbook Solutions for Electric Machinery and Power System Fundamentals 1st Edition: Chapter 4
Chapter: Problem:
0 Stars(0 users)
 - Step 1 of 1
 The equation relating the speed of magnetic field rotation to the number of poles and electrical frequency is
 The resulting table is
 Number of Poles fe = 50 Hz fe = 60 Hz fe = 400 Hz
 2 3000 r/min 3600 r/min 24000 r/min
 4 1500 r/min 1800 r/min 12000 r/min
 6 1000 r/min 12000 r/min 8000 r/min
 8 750 r/min 900 r/min 6000 r/min
 10 600 r/min 720 r/min 4800 r/min
 12 500 r/min 600 r/min 4000 r/min
 14 428.6 r/min 514.3 r/min 3429 r/min
 - Ronak Patange
 fe @ 60Hz for 6 poles should be 1,200, not 12,000.
 - Agree 0
 - Disagree 0
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ESCAPE RATE OF SURFACE-STATE ELECTRONS ON LIQUID-HELIUM BELOW 1-K
K KONO*, K KAJITA, S KOBAYASHI, W SASAKI
*Corresponding author for this work
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
7 Scopus citations
Abstract
The escape rate of surface state electrons on liquid helium was measured in the temperature interval 0.56<T<1.0 K for electron areal density below 5×107 cm−2, where the rate is independent of density. It is found that the escape rate is dominated by the scattering from the helium gas atoms in the vapor phase above 0.8 K, while it is dominated by that from ripplons (surface wave quanta) below 0.8 K. Quantitative agreement is obtained between our experiment and the theoretical calculation by Nagano et al.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)195-203
Number of pages9
JournalJournal of Low Temperature Physics
Volume46
Issue number3-4
DOIs
StatePublished - Feb 1982
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text:
The documentation has moved to _URL_
Here you can find how to apply the general models we trained for you. If you would like to train your own general model, please see our extra wiki page: How to train your own general model.
Our general models can be found and downloaded here: Download and Installation.
If you followed the installation instructions, you now have to activate the cryolo virtual environment with
source activate cryolo
You can use crYOLO either by command line or by using the GUI. The GUI should be easier for most users. You can start it with:
The crYOLO GUI is essentially a visualization of the command line interface. On left side, you find all possible "Actions":
Each action has several parameters which are organized in tabs. Once you have chosen your settings you can press [Start] (just as example, don't press it now ), the command will be applied and crYOLO shows you the output:
It will tell you if something went wrong. Moreover, it will tell you all parameters used. Pressing [Back] brings you back to your settings, where you can either edit the settings (in case something went wrong) or go to the next action.
In the GUI choose the config action. Fill in your target box size and leave the train_image_folder and train_annot_folder fields empty.
There are three general models available. It is important that you choose the same filtering options in "Denoising options" tab as we did during training the general models. In the following are the filtering settings that we used for the respective general models:
In the configuration file, the field "anchors" is optional during prediction. That means, you don't to define a box size during prediction, as crYOLO does a size estimation internally. This is of advantage for automated pipelines. You can simply delete the entry in configuration file. This should not affect the picking quality. The estimated size is still contained in.cbox files. Coordinates in EMAN and STAR format are written with a box size of 0 in that case.
In crYOLO, all particles have an assigned confidence value. By default, all particles with a confidence value below 0.3 are discarded. If you want to pick less or more conservatively you might want to change this confidence threshold to a less (e.g. 0.2) or more (e.g. 0.4) conservative value in the "Optional arguments" tab.
However, it is much easier to select the best threshold after picking using the
CBOX files written by crYOLO as described in the next section.
When this option is activated, crYOLO will monitor your input folder. This especially useful for automation purposes. You can stop the monitor mode by writing an empty file with the name "stop.cryolo" in the input directory. Just add –monitor in the command line or check the monitor box in in the "Optional arguments" tab.
After picking is done, you can find four folders in your specified output folder:
To visualize your results you can use the boxmanager:
As image_dir you select the
full_data directory. As box_dir you select the
CBOX folder (or
EMAN_HELIX_SEGMENTED in case of filaments).
CBOX files contain besides the particle coordinates more information like the confidence and the estimated size of each particle. When importing.cbox files into the box manager, it enables more filtering options in the GUI. You can plot sizeand confidence distributions. Moreover, you can change the confidence threshold, minimum and maximum size and see the results in a live preview. If you are done with the filtering, you can then write the new box selection into new box files. The video below shows an example.


text:
Ameron's T-Hab system is a
trenchless sewer rehabilitation
process that uses proven T-Lock PVC liner—the most effective
way to fight the corrosive effects
of sewer gases.
T-Lock is placed over a collapsible form that travels inside the corroded pipe or tunnel. The form is then expanded, pushing the T-Lock against the surface of the host pipe. A specially engineered grout is then pumped into the annular space between the T-Lock lining and the concrete surface. projecting T-shaped ribs in the liner "lock" into the grout, rehabilitating the sewer line for many years of service.


text:
Definition: School has clear rules and expectations for appropriate behaviors. Students are clear about the behaviors expected of them and experience consistency in boundary enforcement.
Are the students clear about the expectations? Rules? Do the students have a say in the rules for their classrooms or for their school?
Aggregate survey results: 78% of the students at Discovering Choices perceive the school having a clear set of rules and expectations for behaviors.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
We help you feel good about the meat you eat
Honest & healthy. Sustainable & Humane. Deliciously mouthwatering. We help balance modern & traditional values. Our products connect. They connect folks to tradition, to the land, to a sustainable future, and to good health for friends and family.
The kosher world is not free of the bewilderment surrounding our meat, but at KOL Foods we come close. In an age when it takes an investigative reporter to clarify where meat comes from, we are committed to telling its honest story. We want folks to truly know and trust that each animal is raised the traditional, environmentally-friendly way, in open fields. Healthy animals should eat what they have evolved to eat and live free on pasture. It should come as no surprise that this balance with nature results in not only healthy and environmentally and ethically sound meat, but delicious flavor. KOL Foods is what kosher should be.
The KOL Foods Way
KOL Foods puts glatt kosher meat and ethics on the same plate. Every day we work to create an honest, transparent food system that treats animals humanely, supports sustainable animal production, treats farmers and workers fairly, and improves the health of families and communities. Our gold standard: animals raised humanely on pasture enjoying their natural diets on sustainable farms, where the environment, health and concern for the community are paramount. As a values-based business, we produce food that is in harmony with nature, neighbors and tradition - all the way from farm to fork. And the results are delicious!


text:
Nanorobotic Sensors as a Novel Platform for Nucleic Acid Biomarker Detection in Blood
Background: The ability to detect nucleic acid-based biomarkers from circulating blood is paramount for numerous conditions like cancer where early diagnosis is critical for better patient prognosis. Current nucleic acid detecting techniques are costly, time consuming, require multiple pre-assay sample preparation steps, specialised equipment and complex data interpretation software.
Aim: Here, we utilize Nanovery nucleic acid biomarker detection kits as diagnostic devices to detect spiked biomarkers in serum, complex media and Nanovery Buffer®.
Experimental procedures: The nanorobot is assembled based on 4 interchangeable modules namely detector, translator, amplifier and responder. We utilize artificial intelligence to efficiently design our nucleic acid-based detectors against target miRNAs and mutations in mRNA and ctDNA. The remainder 3 modules are tailored to the sample characteristics to ensure maximum sensitivity and selectivity.
Conclusion: Our Nanorobots can be used across different sample types, from complex media to serum, for the detection of nucleic acid biomarkers.


Facial Thread Veins
Facial Thread Veins Removal LeedsFacial thread veins are tiny blood vessels, which run close to the surface of the skin. They have very thin walls, which constantly dilate and constrict.
As we age, these vessels lose their elasticity and can become permanently dilated. They are not broken capillaries but permanently dilated or swollen capillaries.
They are also known as spider veins, broken veins, campbell d'morgan spots or telangiectasia. They can also be associated with rosacea, a skin disorder associated with dilated, swollen capillaries and damaged barrier function of the skin.
There are numerous causes including: ageing, sun damage, hereditary, pregnancy, the rubbing of spectacles, temperature extremes, hormones and skin fragility. They are commonly seen in both men and woman with pale skins, typically lighter skin types Fitzpatrick Scale 1 and 2.
These types of veins can be successfully treated using light therapies.
Treatments for Thread Veins:
Click here to book a FREE consultation at our clinic
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Skin Care Online
In association with
Danne Montague-King
Genuine Dermaroller


text:
If you see someone falling through the ice, your natural instinct will probably be to run after them to pull them out. Avoid this temptation. The safest way to perform a rescue is from shore. Call for help first; are professional rescuers nearby? If you have a cell phone, dial your country's emergency number. Do this as quickly as possible.
Tell the person to remain calm. Reassure them that you have the situation under control. Tell them to keep their head above water, and to control their breathing to remain calm. Tell them to take deep, slow breaths through their pursed lips.
Instruct the person to swim to the edge of the ice where they fell into the water and use their elbows to get a firm grip on it. Tell them to kick with their legs in an attempt to get as horizontal as possible. Once out of the water, they should roll away from the hole.
Can you reach the person with a long pole or a branch? If so, lie down and extend it to them from the shore. If you go on the ice, wear a PFD. Have a pole to test the ice in front to you. As you approach the break, lie down to evenly distribute your weight. Crawl toward the hole. Extend the rescue device to the person and encourage them to kick as you pull them out.


text:
Superthrive Bonsai Vitamins & Hormones
Superthrive has been around since 1940. It actually won the World Fair Science-Medal. Full of vitamins and hormones that plants (and bonsai) love. It is commonly used on bonsai during re-potting to promote root growth and reduce stress. Many bonsai practitioners also use it as a foliage spray to bring their trees to the next level by introducing vitamins to the foliage.
Superthrive is used in addition to bonsai fertilizer for the ultimate in healthy plants.


Side 5
 - by
Side 5 Loum was a space colony cluster located in front of the moon at Lagrangian Point L4 that belonged to the Earth Federation.
The cluster shared the Lagrangian Point with Side 2.
Side 5 was a colony cluster at Lagrangian Point L4. It witnessed the Battle of Loum that saw massive damage to the colonies, vessels and mobile suits. The resulting debris formed a shoal zone around the region.
 - Texas
 - Industrial 7
 - Watohoat
The Texas colony was privately owned by the Yashima Group, led by Shu Yashima. It was the only remaining colony after the Battle of Loum. It was designed for agricultural purposes but the reflector mirrors malfunctioned due to the battle and the colony was abandoned.
Industrial 7
Industrial 7 was a closed-type colony owned by Anaheim Electronics. Half of the two million population on the colony were Anaheim staff and their families. The factory and harbour segments faced the Earth while the colony builder unit Rokuro faced the moon.
Side 5 was one of the first places to be attacked by the Principality of Zeon at the start of the One Year War.
Operation British
After Zeon forces successfully executed Operation British by dropping Side 2 Colony 8 Island Iffish on Earth, Zeon forces attempted to seize colony Watohoat from Side 5 to drop on the Earth Federation capital Lhasa.
Federation General Revil's 1st Combined Fleet intercepted the Zeon Space Attack Force commanded by Dolze Zabi. Both sides engaged in indiscriminate use of nuclear, biological and chemical weapons to bring a quick end to the war. Watohoat was completely destroyed.
Battle of Loum
The Battle of Loum caused the deaths of 3 billion people in the first week of war from 3 January to 10 January, later known as the One Week Battle.
Debris of colonies, vessels, and mobile suits from the battle led to the formation of a shoal zone around Side 5.
In UC 0090, a battle between anti-Federation group Colorde and the Federation's Arahas force broke out in the Texas colony.
In UC 0218, the Federation collapsed and Side 5 became a member of CONSENT.


text:
This post provides information relating on the works Scottish Water (via their contractor Amey) will be carrying out which affect the Water of Leith Walkway between Baberton Loan and Colinton Dell from January 27th.
As many people may know, a trunk sewer runs along the Water of Leith. When it is full it overflows (normally raw sewage diluted with rainwater) into the Water of Leith via devices known as "Combined Sewer Overflows". This work is focussed on the Combined Sewer Overflows. The table at the foot of this page outlines the planned work.
Whilst undertaking works at Baberton Loan Scottish Water will look to keep the pedestrian access open as much as possible, so the gates will normally be closed for the construction traffic, when traffic movements are required a Banksman will open the gate (which will temporarily close the path for Pedestrians), to allow the vehicles to pass, and then close the gate once through. Essentially when there are no traffic movements the pathway will be clear for Pedestrians to cross. Scottish Water are advising the residents of Woodhall Mains of these access arrangements.
Once Scottish Water have completed this work, the Council will then take forward work already planned to improve sections of the path. From them:
The following is the latest position I have received from Sustrans on this project. As envisaged, funding has been restricted to design work with construction delayed until the completion of the Scottish Water sewer outflow construction works within Colinton Dells.
"Sustrans have supported the design work on this route upgrade project to be shovel ready this year. It is our intention to fund the delivery of capital works following the Scottish Water works planned on the site for the first 6 months of 2020. We therefore intend to identify capital funds to deliver the route upgrade from our Network Development grant programme for 2020/2021."
Once we have a clearer timescale for the completion of the SW works and Sustrans have confirmation of their 2020/2021 budgets we will be in a position to finalise the timescale for delivery of this project.
|Water of Leith – Project||Brief Project Scope|
|WATER OF LEITH UIDs – BATCH 1 – South Gyle, Gogarloch SPS EO||New Emergency Overflow, 6mm letter box type bar screen with Launder channel to be installed within existing wet well, as well as Telemetry Mods if required.|
|WATER OF LEITH UIDs – BATCH 2 – Currie, Old Mill Off Lanark Road CSO and Juniper Green||Original Scope was to Retro fit 2 No. Static Screens to the existing CSO chambers, new chambers are to be provided. New fixed BT lines required for Telemetry bollard.|
|WATER OF LEITH UIDs – BATCH 3 – Juniper Green, Off Lanark Road CSO||New CSO chamber with Static Screen, including inlet and continuation pipework and new outfall with headwall and scour protection works, new fixed BT line required for Telemetry bollard.|
|WATER OF LEITH UIDs – BATCH 4 – Balerno, Bridge Road CSOs||1No. Static Screen fitted to Existing MH1608 and 1No. New CSO Chamber with Static Screen located off Bavelaw Rd and all associated inlet and continuation pipework including new Outfall and headwall with scour protection works. GSM bollard required for Telemetry to both sites. Significant Phasing of overpumping for upsizing of continuation sewer and for connections.|
|WATER OF LEITH UIDs – BATCH 5 – Currie, Kinauld Farm CSO||New CSO chamber with Static Screen, including all inlet and continuation pipework and outfall with new headwall, GSM ok for Telemetry Bollard. New access track required through field.|
|WATER OF LEITH UIDs – BATCH 6.1 – Colinton, Redford Drive CSO No. 2||New CSO chamber with Static Screen to replace existing 2No. CSOs, with associated inlet and continuation pipework, including outfall tie in to existing surface water outlet. GSM bollard required for Telemetry.|
|WATER OF LEITH UIDs – BATCH 7 – Longstone CSOs||1No. New CSO with Powered Screen at Inglis Green Car Sales, including all inlet and continuation pipework and Outfall with new Headwall and new MCC Kiosk.|
1No. New CSO Chamber with Static Screen at Booker with all associated inlet and continuation pipework and new outfall with Headwall. GSM required for both sites for Telemetry (Bollard at Booker). New Power Supply required at Inglis Green Car Sales.
|WATER OF LEITH UIDs – BATCH 8 – Kingsknowe, R/O 29 Dovecot Grove CSO||New CSO chamber with Powered Screen and all associated inlet and continuation pipework and new Outfall and headwall. GSM bollard required for Telemetry and New Power Supply required. Length of new access road required from the Water of Leith Walkway.|
|WATER OF LEITH UIDs – BATCH 9.1 – Currie, Kinleith Ind Est CSO||New Static Screen fitted to existing manhole, existing CSO chamber to be re-built with new CSO. GSM bollard required for Telemetry|
|WATER OF LEITH UIDs – BATCH 10 – Gyle Public Park No1 and No2 CSOs||New CSO chamber with Powered Screen and all associated inlet and continuation pipework and outfall pipework to tie into existing culvert. New MCC kiosk. GSM required for Telemetry and New Power Supply required.|
|WATER OF LEITH UIDs – BATCH 6.2 – Colinton Rd @ St Cuthberts Court CSO.||New CSO Chamber with Powered Screen and all associated inlet and continuation pipework outlet to tie into existing surface water sewer. New MCC Kiosk, GSM required for Telemetry, Power Supply required.|
|WATER OF LEITH UIDs – BATCH 9.2 – Currie, GDN 2A Lanark Road West CSO||1No New CSO chamber at Bowling Green with New Powered Screen and all associated inlet and continuation pipework including new Outfall and headwall.|
1No New CSO chamber at Kirkgate with Static Screen and all associated inlet and continuation pipework and new outfall with headwall. GSM required for Telemetry at both sites (New MCC Kiosk at Bowling Green, GSM Bollard at Kirkgate). New Power Supply required at Bowling Green.


text:
Mottainai (もったいない, [mottainai]) is a Japanese term conveying a sense of regret concerning waste. The expression "Mottainai!" can be uttered alone as an exclamation when something useful, such as food or time, is wasted, meaning roughly "what a waste!" In addition to its primary sense of "wasteful", the word is also used to mean "impious; irreverent" or "more than one deserves".
Usage in Japanese
Mottainai in Japanese refers to more than just physical waste (resources). It is even used to refer to thought patterns that give rise to wasteful action. Grammatically, it can be used in Japanese as an exclamation ("mottainai!") or as an adjective phrase ("it feels mottainai"). There is no plural form. The collection of mottainai things could be called mottainai koto (もったいない事?).
In ancient Japanese, mottainai had various meanings, including a sense of gratitude mixed with shame for receiving greater favor from a superior than is properly merited by one's station in life.
Mottainai is a compound word, mottai+nai. Mottai (勿体?) refers to the intrinsic dignity or sacredness of a material entity, while nai (無い?) indicates an absence or lack (Mottai further consists of mochi (勿?), meaning "inevitable; unnecessary to discuss", and tai (体?), meaning "entity; body").
Mottai was originally used in the construction mottai-ga-aru (勿体が有る?, literally "having mottai"), which referred to a dignified entity. Today, mottai is also used in the construction mottai-buru (勿体振る?), meaning "pretentious" or "giving oneself airs" by assuming more dignity than one truly possesses.
Buddhists traditionally used the term mottainai to indicate regret at the waste or misuse of something sacred or highly respected, such as religious objects or teaching. Today, the word is widely used in everyday life to indicate the waste of any material object, time, or other resource. Compare also the concept of tsukumogami "artifact spirit", which are said to live in old objects that have gained self-awareness and are angered if the object is thrown away wastefully.
Use by Wangari Maathai
Kenyan environmentalist Wangari Maathai visited Japan in 2005 for a government and media-sponsored event related to the Kyoto Protocol. She was given a tee-shirt with the word "mottainai" on it, which she later wore on appearances on Japanese TV.
- Conspicuous consumption
- Itadakimasu, the Buddhist attitude concerning resources
- Simple living
- Daijirin Japanese dictionary 2nd ed. (Japanese)
- Masuda, K: Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary, page 1139. Kenkyusha Ltd., 1974
- This early use of the word appears in a story about Yoshitsune in the Battle of Yashima. On horseback, Yoshitsune dropped his bow into the sea. A vassal cried out, "Don't pick up the bow, let it be!" but he picked it up while being pursued by the enemy Taira clan. After the battle was over, the vassal used the word mottainai in admonishing Yoshitsune that he should have considered his own life more valuable than even a worthy bow. Yoshitsune retorted that if the enemy saw that inferior bow, it would have disgraced the Genji clan. Referencing site in Japanese: 1; "26 Historical place of Yoshitsune dropped the bow"(26弓流しの跡), 2; 義経の弓流しの跡
- PDF Perspectives of language: cultural differences and universality in Japanese M Sasaki - Cultural Diversity and TransversalValues: East–West Dialogue


@article { author = {Sadeghi, Naficeh and Rezaei Behzadi, Hassan and Behzad, Masoomeh and Jannat, Behrooz and Hajimahmoodi, Mannan}, title = {Simultaneous determination of heavy metals in Tahini by anodic stripping voltammetry}, journal = {Human, Health and Halal Metrics}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {40-45}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Halal Research Center of Islamic Republic of Iran. Tel.: +98-21-88909033 Fax: +98-21-88890858 Email: _EMAIL_ IR.MCIG No. 85915}, issn = {2717-1027}, eissn = {2717-1035}, doi = {10.30502/jhhhm.2021._PHONE_}, abstract = {Background and objective: Tahini is a regional dish prepared from sesame seeds and consumed as breakfast worldwide. It is a good source of zinc, copper, and group B vitamins. However, the product may be contaminated with toxic heavy metals. Therefore, our purpose was development of analytic method for simultaneous determination of zinc, copper, lead, and cadmium in Tahini. Materials and methods: Our work was conducted on 37 brands of Tahini (n = 74). The samples were purchased from local market of Tehran (Iran). Concentration of heavy metals was measured by polarograph. Voltammetric analysis was carried out by using 746 VA trace analyzer by differential pulse anodic stripping Voltammeter at Hanging mercury dropping electrode. Results and conclusion: Concentration of Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu was calculated as 3.79 ±2.43, 1.48 ±0.08, 0.015 ±0.01, and 0.012 ±0.007 µg/100 g, respectively. Amount of Pb and Cd was lower than acceptable limit approved by CODEX in all the samples, while concentration of Cu and Zn was within the standard range. According to our investigation, Tahini can be used as a valuable food to meet the nutritional needs without any toxic effect arisen from deleterious heavy metals in the consumers.}, keywords = {Cadmium,copper,Lead,Tahini,Voltammetry,zinc}, url = {_URL_ eprint = {_URL_ }


text:
Approximately twenty-five species of Callistemon grow in Australia
and nearby New Caledonia.
This small evergreen tree grows from about fifteen to thirty feet tall. It has
attractive narrow leaves and white papery bark. New leaves are reddish in
color. It blooms in in spring and summer. Flower spikes are usually white or
cream in color but pink, red and mauve forms are reported. The willow
bottlebrush has some salt tolerance and is appropriate for coastal gardens but
not the beach front. It is a popular garden tree in Australia and is cultivated in California.
Light: full sun
Water: drought tolerant when established
Soil: average soil, wide pH tolerance, no special requirements
This plant was donated to UNF as C. salignus by a nursery owner who found it at Jacksonville Beach. UNF staff is monitoring
the plant to verify its identity and learn its tolerances. The genus Callistemon
is very closely allied to the genus Melaleuca, a few of which are serious pest plants in south Florida. Fortunately, Callistemon species have not shown invasive
tendencies in Florida.


text: Wythe Marschall is a writer and researcher focused on the future of agriculture, food, and the life sciences. Trained at Harvard University, he has worked as a research associate in controlled environment agriculture at Cornell University and as a senior researcher in food systems at the NYU Stern Center for Sustainable Business. He is a socialist and avid sci-fi reader. His research explores the intersection of millennial labor precarity and techno-utopian visions for greening cities. His first book project examines the rise of commercial indoor farming in New York City.


text:
Located in the historic Battlefields Park area of Québec City, known as the Plains of Abraham, the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec houses a large collection of art and other works from around Québec.
The new Pierre Lassonde Pavilion increases the museum's exhibit and collection capacity, while bringing a sustainable new facility to historic Québec City.
Adjoining existing buildings on the Plains of Abraham, the new pavilion was designed with energy efficiency and sustainable development in mind. As a "smart" building, the pavilion features installation of sustainable systems that minimize impacts on the local and global environment.
This large-scale project addressed the building's complex architecture by maintaining clean interior spaces while integrating lighting, security systems and telecommunications. Systems were designed to harmonize with the existing architecture and blend into the décor to preserve the aesthetic of each exhibition room.
Lighting Design, Electrical, Plumbing / Fire Protection, Water + Waste Water


The Benefits and Advantages of Frequency Response Simulation in PCB Design
November 19, 2019 Cadence PCB Solutions
Collection of types of signals and waveforms
I often hear the question, does frequency really matter? Whether it is in the context of car audio, home audio, or PCB design, yes, frequency matters. The frequency response of any device that requires a particular resonance is vital to the overall design and performance of the device in question.
For example, I recall redesigning a car audio system for someone a few years ago. The recipient of this redesign was currently suffering from shock-induced anger, after spending $2,000 on a pair of subwoofers and an enclosure. It was not the price that had him up in arms, but rather the fact that his car was still reeking of the smell of burnt coils from an improper install.
Even in car audio, simulation is the key to proper design. Well, in this case, it's apparent that simulation was not part of the plan. The end result was him being embarrassed while demonstrating his new stereo via an epic YouTube fail. These are the types of situations that simulation can and will effectively help you to avoid. Whether you are tuning a bandpass enclosure or designing circuits for a PCB, frequency simulation is the key.
The Importance of Frequency Response Simulations
As a science fiction fan myself, I have seen my share of time-travel related movies, and they always seem to end the same. However, after viewing these movies, I always find myself asking the proverbial question; what if? The ability to know the outcome before the event even happens is one of the critical advantages of simulation software.
In terms of frequency response, simulations provide you with the ability to accurately predict the response of your circuit before you build it. Another advantage to this is, of course, it saves time, lowers cost, and it perfects your design. Furthermore, it also fosters innovation and advances the design process by allowing you to examine various models and configurations.
The Benefits and Advantages of SPICE Simulation
Across multiple sectors, fields, and disciplines, simulation is having a profound positive effect. Ask any engineer, and they will tell you that simulation software is an invaluable design tool. In terms of PCB design, simulation as a whole is the choice between designing your PCB correctly, and a science experiment that has gone wrong.
One of the primary advantages of using simulation software is the fact that it enables you to obtain valuable feedback when designing real-world circuits. Furthermore, this feedback does not come with the time or expenditure typically required to procure this much-needed design insight. This, in turn, allows the designer to determine the efficiency and correctness of their designs without the need to build the circuit or device first.
As a result, simulation software also allows the designer to explore the worthiness of alternate designs without ever building the actual device or circuit. Moreover, examining the effects of your design decisions during the design phase rather than the construction phase, saves time, money, and increases design quality.
Green representation of digital waveform
Digital signals mixing with analog signals have unique properties.
SPICE Simulation Software and Frequency Response Simulations
When using SPICE, it allows you to place probes and generate waveform plots for further analysis. This is made possible by its ability to determine intricate branch currents and node voltages at each frequency across your entire design.
Some of the primary functions SPICE can perform are as follows:
 - DC Sweep: Allows for the changing of component values (resistor value, voltage, or current) and graphing the results.
 - AC Sweep: Performs an analysis of the frequency response of a circuit (phase and gain).
 - Transient Analysis: Affords you the ability to set a period of time and analyze the response of your circuit within this timeframe.
 - It is worth noting that PSpice can provide an even more in-depth analysis of your circuits and circuit designs. The previously mentioned functions are only a part of what PSpice can afford you. The following are the other more advance simulation functions PSpice provides.
 - Sensitivity: Variations in manufactured components are natural. Sensitivity analysis lets you test circuit performance across the minimum and maximum tolerances for different component values and identify which elements are critical to your design goals.
 - Monte Carlo: Perform statistical Monte Carlo analysis on multiple components varied across their tolerance ranges to help predict your production yield under different conditions. This can be used to identify which parts can have their tolerances widened, reducing cost without sacrificing performance.
 - Smoke (Stress): Identify increases in junction temperature, secondary break-downs, power dissipation stresses, and voltage/current violations throughout your design.
 - Optimizer: Automatically optimize analog circuits and systems to find the best component values for your performance goals and constraints.
 - Parametric Plotter: Analyze/sweep multiple design and model parameters at once in plot or tabular form.
So, what type of simulation do you typically use for frequency response simulations? Well, the short answer is, a time domain simulation is ideal.
Graphic frequency waveform representation
SPICE can help with many aspects of your circuit design
Using Time Domain Simulations to Simulate Frequency Response
In regards to simulation software, time domain is the standard method for examining the behavior of an output signal for a given input signal (response). There are several reasons for this. First of all, when using time domain, you can calculate the current and voltage numerically across the entire circuit.
Secondly, you can examine the transitory behavior of a circuit to either a step response, like an input voltage switching from off to on or an impulse, such as a delta function input signal.
Finally, it affords you the ability to examine the response of a signal to a random input signal. You also have the option of using any input signal you choose as well as have these signals be a (repeating) waveform such as a triangle wave, digital pulse, or sawtooth wave. Also, you have the option of overlaying the input and output voltages to assess how the circuit influences the input signal. Furthermore, you gain a greater understanding of how a circuit performs when you examine the effects of input signal changes.
Frequency response simulations, like all simulations, are a vital part of PCB design. The use of simulations provide lower costs, saves time, increases design decision accuracy, and improves overall design quality. Having the ability to accurately predict the performance of an electronic circuit or device is an option every designer should utilize.
Alternatively, there are also AC simulations like AC sweep analysis wherein you can measure voltage and current changes with frequency. An AC sweep will enable you to calculate voltage and currents across a range of frequencies. Typically you will use a voltage source with an amplitude of 1V and use probes to generate the plots you need.
What is PSpice Simulation?
If you are like me, you probably have a couple of breadboards lying around, and believe me; they were once an invaluable tool. In some cases, they still have their uses, but overall, when addressing frequency response, simulation is the way to go.
In PCB design, obtaining an accurate frequency response throughout your circuit design is critical to the overall functionality of the PCB. With that in mind, the advantages and benefits of simulation (PSpice) software is a crucial part of ensuring proper design outcome.
So, what is PSpice? PSpice is an acronym for Personal Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis. In a more generalized description, it is an electronic circuit simulation tool (Cadence). During operation, PSpice will typically utilize a netlist generated from an OrCAD Capture. However, there is an option to operate it from MATLAB/Simulink. In summary, PSpice allows you to analyze as well as simulate your mixed-signal and analog circuits within OrCAD.
Cadence's design and analysis tools, are sure to have your designers and production teams working together towards implementing frequency response simulation solutions for all of your PCB designs. OrCAD PSpice Simulator facilitates the implementation of frequency response simulations for all of your electronic circuit design needs, as well as many other types of simulation to ensure top design security.
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text:
Time of coping files
I have two hard drives and I want to determine time of copying files from one to other.
So, I do:
1) Create file system on the second HDD and mount it
2) Copy set of files from / to folder mounted on step 1
3) Call sync to write all data to disks
3) Repeat step 2-3 10 times to make results more smooth
So, results are too strange:
The first time is a much greater that other 9, for example:
1000 51 50 49 52....
I don't have reasons why the first time is mutch greater than other 9: May be on first copying allocated internal structures of file system on the second HDD, or may be sync works on asynchronous manner, it started to write memory buffers to disk, and exits, this process continues then first copying is already started.


Example sentences for: defensive--a
How can you use "defensive--a" in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
 - The difference between then and now, though, is that while family life in those real '70s shows was unrealistically goofy, in this fake '70s show it's strangely isolated and defensive--a little too warm on the inside, a little too besieged by countercultural horrors on the outside.
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text:
Humans need calcium, folate, and vitamin C, but according to statistical data, most people ignore even lack vitamin E which is actually also important. especially if you are dieting.
Why does the body need 15 mg of vitamin E per day
The body needs at least 15 mg of vitamin E every day, which is useful to protect the body against the risk of heart disease and can increase body immunity or the immune system. Vitamin E is usually found in natural plant foods rich in fats such as oils, nuts, and seeds.
Why does the body need 18 mg of iron
18 mg of iron per day can help supply oxygen throughout your body.
How to get iron nutrition
Try adding a few servings of animal per day to your meal. Beef is a good source of chicken. In addition, 10 boiled shellfish are also good sources of iron because they contain 26.6 mg of iron and only 141 calories.
The potassium value we must consume per day is 4,700mg per day, can help the body in terms of muscle contraction and regulate fluid and mineral balance when you are sweating.
How to get potassium … Read More


text:
1852 Levasseur Map of Algeria
Description: This is a fascinating 1852 Levasseur map of the French colony of Algeria. Shows the region divided into the administrative provinces of Oban, Alger, and Constantine. The map proper is surrounded by elaborate decorative engravings designed to illustrate both the natural beauty and trade richness of the land. There is a short textual history of the region depicted to the left and right of the map. Published by V. Levasseur in the 1852 edition of his Atlas National de la France Illustree.
Date: 1852 (undated)
Source: Levassuer, V., Atlas National Illustre des 86 Departements et des Possessions de La France Divise par Arrondissements, Cantons et Communea avec La Trace de Toutes Les Routes, Chemins,de fer et Canaux., 1852 edition.
References: Phillips (Atlases) 3003.
Cartographer: Victor Levasseur, an important French engineer, cartographer, and engraver of the mid 19th century, held a number of important cartographically related political and educations posts in France. He is most famous for his Atlas National Illustré des 86 Départements et des Possessions de La France, a large decorative atlas of France, including his Planisphere and five important continental maps. Levasseur's maps are distinctive for their wide decorative margins containing elaborate depictions of the scenery, peoples, and trade goods of the areas he mapped. Levasseur maps are also known to offer a wealth of statistical data. Until recently, very few Levasseur Atlases migrated out of France where they were mostly used in public libraries and town halls. His work represents some of the last great decorative atlases of the 19th century. Click here for a list of rare maps from Victor Levasseur.
Size: Printed area measures 17 x 11.5 inches (43.18 x 29.21 centimeters)
Condition: Very good. Blank on verso. Wide clean margins.
Code: Algeria-levasseur-1852 (to order by phone call: _PHONE_)


text:
School children pay special tribute to Lord Nelson - Friday, 16 October 2009
Schoolchildren will discover the history behind the Nelson monument – the historic landmark that's guided sailors safely to shore for two centuries – as part of Fort Nelson's Trafalgar Day commemorations on Wednesday, October 21.
Youngsters from Northern Junior School, in Portchester, will mark the 204th anniversary of the Battle of Trafalgar by laying flowers at 11am.
Horatio, Lord Nelson, has held a special place in local people's hearts for over 200 years – and his monument stands proudly on Portsdown Hill, opposite the Royal Armouries Museum at Fort Nelson. The monument was paid for by public subscription – including large donations by many of his men.
Royal Armouries' education officer Tony Parry said:
"Lord Nelson was truly loved by his own men. When he died, grown men were crying their hearts out. The monument was funded by public subscription and many sailors donated sums of money that were equal to a year's wages at the time.
"Portsdown Hill is an ideal place to locate the monument as it stands like a beacon which is visible in most weather conditions, even at night, and guides sailors safely into Portsmouth Harbour."
The Trafalgar Day service, held jointly with The Nelson Society, will be conducted by a Naval Chaplain from HMS Collingwood and will include a minute's silence, honouring the 204th anniversary of the Admiral's death at the Battle of Trafalgar. This year also marked the 251st anniversary of the birth of Lord Nelson on 29 September 1758.
Youngsters will also receive a talk from the Nelson Society's Jane Smith, who will explain the history of the monument and hand out information sheets.
They will then enjoy a programme of Trafalgar Day activities at the Fort, including craft sessions to make naval hats, and mock battles.
Meanwhile, the Royal Armouries is marking the day by using a uniformed crew of sailors to fire a recently restored 12-pounder gun, of the kind used on board HMS Victory.
As well as the gun firings at 12 noon and 3pm, the Fort will stage presentations marking the life of Lord Nelson, the Battle of Trafalgar and other great events in British Naval history.
Museum entry is free and there is a whole range of attractions throughout the day, designed to appeal to young and old alike.
Primary PR Ltd.
Tel: 07838 379599
Notes to editors
Reporters and photographers are welcome at the wreath laying ceremony at 11am (or at the craft sessions – please contact Primary PR to fix a time)
- The Royal Armouries at Fort Nelson houses the national collection of historic cannon and big guns. The museum houses one of the world's finest collections with over 350 cannon dating back over 600 years. The collection originated at HM Tower of London and has been on display in Hampshire since 1995.
- The Royal Armouries at Fort Nelson also tells the story of the Palmerston Forts, built to protect Portsmouth from a feared French invasion in the 1860's.
- Every day, visitors can see one of the big guns fired in salute, watch our resident actors bring to life characters from 1,000 years of history, explore secret underground tunnels and enjoy incredible views from the ramparts. An extensive programme of special event spectaculars takes place throughout the year.
- Fort Nelson is open every day except 24-26 December. April to October 10am –5pm (Wed 11am-5pm), November – March 10.30am – 4pm (Wed 11.30-4pm).
- Admission to the Royal Armouries is FREE.
- Admission charges apply to some events.
- Information line: 01329 233734
- Website: _URL_
- Email: _EMAIL_
- The Royal Armouries is the national museum of arms and armour with sites at Fort Nelson, Leeds, HM Tower of London and Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
- The Royal Armouries Museum should not be confused with Royal Armouries International plc, the private sector corporate hospitality business.


Gun Laws & Legislation
Amnesty For Illegal Immigrants: How Might It Affect Gun Ownership?
By Jim Krieger
With the recent surge of illegal immigration from Mexico and Central America, on top of decades of inadequate border security and otherwise minimal and haphazard enforcement of America's immigration laws, and the very real prospect that many of these people will obtain amnesty, this question arises: What effect might such an amnesty have on gun ownership here? Two things are almost certain; 1. Under an amnesty, gun ownership will rise, and 2. Firearms-related crime will continue to drive our deeply polarized national discourse on gun ownership.
As to the first issue –rates of gun ownership– three factors are likely to drive it upward if a broad-scale amnesty is granted: the socio-political history of the Latino immigrants, the ready availability of firearms in the US, and concern among US citizens about increased crime caused by immigrants who, after an amnesty, will have no fear of deportation for criminal conduct.
The first factor –the socio-political history of the Latino immigrants– sets the stage for two fundamental reasons that gun ownership will rise among them. The first is self-defense and protection of home and family. The people who continue to flood our Southwestern states come from countries where criminality, often accompanied by violence and murder, is high. In addition, such law enforcement as exists there is often insufficient, ineffective, corrupt and sometimes flat out-gunned. This fact, at least as to Mexico, is well-documented, and has led to the recent nationwide rise of the autodefensas —armed local self-defense groups– who have spontaneously organized for the community security that the Mexican state and federal governments are unable or unwilling to provide. These people, and those from countries further south, well understand the principle succinctly stated by the NRA's Wayne LaPierre: "The only thing that stops a bad guy with a gun is a good guy with a gun." Nonetheless, in their home countries often only the elite may own guns, or certain types of guns –the military and police, and the wealthy and well-connected– because of restrictive laws, and the cost and limited availability of firearms and ammunition.
The immigrants will, in time, find that law enforcement in the US is far more prevalent and effective than in the countries they have fled. But even so, the concern for effectively protecting home and family will likely drive up gun ownership if amnesty is granted. In addition to this general concern for security, recent immigrants in any country often find that they are targeted by criminals because they are easy prey. Cultural differences, language barriers and the fear of retribution by their criminal tormentors often make immigrants hesitant to call upon law enforcement to deal with criminal predation. This too will drive immigrants to own guns. These circumstances –the natural inclination to protect home and family, and the inevitable predation upon newly-arrived immigrants– will dovetail with the second factor, the ready availability of firearms in the US, to drive increased gun ownership under an amnesty. Gun prices, market supply and US laws are the aspects that most affect availability of firearms here. According to BATFE guidelines, federal laws allow firearms acquisition and ownership by permanent resident aliens, and aliens legally admitted to the US without a visa. If a broad-scale amnesty is granted, it is likely that those affected by the amnesty will fall into either or both of those two categories. In addition to legal protections, market supply and pricing will also drive an increase of gun ownership under an amnesty. Now especially, given the whopping increase in gun sales prompted by fear of restrictive regulation under the Obama administration, and the efforts by manufacturers to meet that demand, the availability of guns is at an all-time high. In addition, prospective buyers have an enormous variety of guns from which to choose, and in the case of working immigrants and immigrant families of modest means, even the tightest budget can accommodate an offering from companies like Standard Arms, Jimenez Arms, or Harrington & Richardson.
The third factor that is likely to drive gun ownership upward after an amnesty is the concern among US citizens of an increase in crime. It is an unfortunate but inescapable fact that when a population increases, crime increases as well. In the case of an amnesty, it is unquestionably the case that some of those who will be allowed to remain here legally will be criminals, and of those, some will be experienced, hardened and brutal. Mexico and Central America have increasingly become crucibles for criminal gangs and cartels, mostly drug-related, that have developed well-deserved reputations for effective organization and proliferation, and a willingness to use torture and mass murder to expand their power and reach. Undoubtedly, the criminal element among amnestied immigrants will, to some extent, use its newly-legal status to buy guns. Additionally, US citizens living in areas where there are significant communities of amnestied immigrants are likely to also buy guns to protect themselves from the inevitable increase in crime.
This last factor, increased crime, may also have a politically-driven impact on US gun ownership if an amnesty is granted. The very existence of the 2nd Amendment is proof that the issue of private gun ownership has been a topic of national debate since before the US came into being. Over the decades since, that debate has waxed and waned in intensity, but it has now come to a fever pitch. To the extent that an amnesty results in a significant increase in firearms-related crime, the result, depending upon political factors, could be more-restrictive firearms laws and regulations. We tend to believe that, come what may politically, the guns that we now own are sacrosanct, and will not be taken from us. Events in Britain, Australia, and more recently in Connecticut and New York prove that confiscatory regulation is a very real possibility. In that regard an amnesty, if accompanied by a significant increase in firearms-related crime, could eventually result in a net decrease in firearms ownership.


s, as only subfactors of ICA RTT that occur till Layer 4 are measurable.
 - Data Center Latency: This is the latency measured from the Citrix Gateway to the server. A high Data Center Latency indicates delays due to a slow server network.
 - WAN Latency: This is the latency measured from the virtual machine to the Gateway. A high WAN Latency indicates sluggishness in the endpoint machine network. WAN latency increases when the user is geographically farther from the Gateway.
 - Host Latency: This measures the Server OS induced delay. A high ICA RTT with low Data Center and WAN latencies, and a high Host Latency indicates an application error on the host server.
A high number of users facing poor experience in any of the subfactors helps understand where the issue lies. You can further troubleshoot the issue using Layer 4 delay measurements. None of these latency metrics account for packet loss, out of order packets, duplicate acknowledgments, or retransmissions. Latency might increase in these cases.
For more information on calculation of ICA RTT, see How ICA RTT is calculated on NetScaler Insight. For more information about onboarding Citrix Gateway, see Install the system.
Session Availability
Session Availability is calculated based on the failure rate. It is rate of failed session connections with respect to the total number of attempted session connections.
The Session Availability experience is categorized based on the session failure rate as follows:
Excellent: Failure rate is less than 10%. An excellent Session Availability factor indicates the users being able to successfully connect to and use the app or desktop.
Fair: Failure rate is 10–20%.
Poor: Failure rate is more than 20%. Many users with poor Session Availability experience indicates inability to connect and use sessions.
Since failure to launch sessions disrupts user productivity, it is an important factor in quantifying the overall user experience.
Session Availability Drilldown
The rows in the Session Reliability drilldown table display the failure types categorized with the number of users and the number of failures in each category. Use the listed Failure types to further troubleshoot the failures.
For more information about the possible reasons within an identified failure type, see the Failure Reasons Troubleshooting document.
Session Resiliency
Session Resiliency indicates the number of times the Citrix Workspace app auto reconnected to recover from network disruptions. Auto reconnect keeps sessions active when network connectivity is interrupted. Users continue to see the application they are using until network connectivity resumes. An excellent Session Resiliency factor indicates a smooth user experience and lesser number of reconnects due to network disruptions.
Auto reconnect is enabled when the Session Reliability or the Auto Client Reconnect policies are in effect. When there is a network interruption on the endpoint, the following Auto reconnect policies come into effect:
 - Session Reliability policy comes into effect (by default in 3 minutes) where the Citrix Workspace app tries to connect to the VDA.
 - Auto Client Reconnect policy comes into effect between 3 and 5 minutes where the endpoint machine tries to connect to the VDA.
For each user, the number of auto reconnects are measured during every 15 min interval across the selected time period. Based on the number of auto reconnects in most of the 15 min intervals, the experience is classified as Excellent, Fair, or Poor.
Session Resiliency Drilldown
The Session Resiliency experience is categorized based on the reconnect rate as follows:
Excellent: In most of the 15 min intervals in the chosen time period, the number of reconnects were less than 1.
Fair: In most of the 15 min intervals in the chosen time period, the number of reconnects were 1.
Poor: In most of the 15 min intervals in the chosen time period, the number of reconnects were greater than 1.


neo4j credentials and you are away!
Import those json files and then explore the UI to discover juicy information about the domain. You can use this to confirm how many users are in the "Domain Admins" group, what machines they are logged into, and loads more things.
Inspect SMB Shares
CrackMapExec is an amazing tool. This lets you specify a set of credentials and then blast through an entire network to determine what SMB shares they can access. It is often the case that insecure file permissions exist on these shares.
Prioritise exploring any share where you have write access. If that share has executables (.msi,.exe,.bat,.ps1 etc) then you have a chance to modify them. Doing so will give you an easy privilege escalation vector since the victim would execute the code you have supplied. Warning: do not do this without your customer's permission.
If you have read access to any configuration files then go hunting for plain-text credentials. These will obviously give you lateral movement opportunities. It is common to gain access to databases using this technique.
If you have access to documents then go looking for juicy content. If there is an excel file that is heavily accessed then consider using dynamic data exchange (DDE) to execute commands on the PC's of other users. Warning: this will prompt victims with security warnings before code executes, again do this with customer permission.
The documentation for CrackMapExec is fantastic. You can use it to do wonderful things so I recommend it with all my heart.
Then what?
I had to stop the journey somewhere. That is basically now. You should have gained access to significant resources by this point. You need to keep detailed notes as you did this so that you know exactly how you obtained which permissions or levels of access. The customer is going to thank you if the report is super clear about what you accessed and how you got there.
I make an appendix in my report called "Route to Domain Admin" where I start from the initial point and then as I progress through the levels of privilege I explain how. There may be several ways to do a certain step so you need to document them too.
Happy hunting.
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text:
Barton, D, Appleby, Yvon, Hodge, R, Trusting, K and Ivanic, R
Relating adults' lives and learning: participation and engagement in different settings.
National Research and Development Centre for Adult Literacy and Numeracy, London.
- Published Version
Official URL: _URL_
This report shows how an understanding of language, literacy andnumeracy as social practices can help practitioners to take account oflearners' lives. It demonstrates how people's histories, currentcircumstances and imagined futures can shape their learning andaffect their level of engagement. The study is based on the research ofthe Adult Learners' Lives project in community settings in Blackburn,Lancaster and Liverpool.
Repository Staff Only: item control page


text:
A bridge connecting New Hampshire to Maine is getting a high-tech upgrade, including smart sensors to monitor the surrounding environment and tidal generators to produce power.
The Memorial Bridge, connecting Portsmouth, NH to Kittery, ME, was built in 2013. Last year, the project received a grant from the Federal Highway Administration to include a number of high-tech sensors as part of the administration's Accelerated Innovating Deployment program.
More From Popular Mechanics
The project will add approximately 250 sensors to the structure of the bridge. These sensors will collect real-time data on traffic flow, stress and vibration on the bridge, wind speed, temperature, and humidity. The sensors will be powered by a tidal turbine embedded in one of the bridge's support pillars.
This data from these sensors will allow bridge crews to perform proactive maintenance on the bridge, reducing long-term costs and extending the life of the bridge.
The bridge serves as a testing ground for these types of sensors, as well as new structural technologies like metalized steel coating, and a vertical lift balance system. If these tests pan out, smart sensors may be installed on bridges across the country.
The sensors will be fully installed by mid-December, while the turbine will be installed in mid-2017.


text:
What is interfacial pressure HDPE pipe?
Interfacial pressure is used to calculate a fusion joining gauge pressure value for hydraulic butt fusion machines or manual machines equipped with force reading capability. The interfacial pressure is constant for all pipe sizes and all butt fusion machines.
What is the pressure rating of HDPE pipe?
Typically the standard specification identify class of a HDPE pipe is by the nominal pressure class – PN – up to PN 20 or 20 bar.
What is the properties of HDPE pipe?
HDPE pipe is a flexible plastic pipe made of thermoplastic high-density polyethylene widely used for low-temperature fluid and gas transfer….Properties of HDPE Pipes.
|Mechanical Properties||HDPE Properties|
|Yield Strength||18-26 Mpa|
|Elastic Modulus||900 Mpa|
|Hardness||61 Rockwell (Shore)|
What is PE100 HDPE?
PE100 is the third generation of pipe grade PE. It has an optimum balance of three key properties: Minimum Required Strength (MRS) – this provides long-term strength and creep resistance. Stress crack resistance (sometimes referred to as slow crack growth resistance). Rapid crack propagation resistance.
What is fusion pressure?
This process develops pressure, causing flow of the melted materials, which causes mixing and fusion. When the thermoplastic pipe is heated, the molecular structure is transformed from a crystalline state into an amorphous condition. When fusion pressure is applied, the molecules from each pipe end mix.
What is the maximum size of an HDPE compression fitting?
For 75–125mm: max.
What is PE and PN in HDPE pipe?
The PN abbreviation used after the size of the polyethylene pipe represents the maximum pressure that the pipe can withstand; just like PN 16 PE100 DN63 that is a HDPE Pipe made of PE100 material and 63 mm in diameter, and should withstand a pressure of 16 bar.


text:
By using a new type of wireless technology, we increase the reliability of the mains supply, extend the service life of equipment and significantly reduce maintenance costs and risks.
Partial discharge measurement (PD measurement) is an indispensable method for assessing the condition of electrical installations. The partial discharges are among the decisive parameters that are assessed during the manufacture, installation and normal operation of the products. Up to now, PD measurement has been used much less frequently for diagnosis during operation (online), which is due to certain limitations of the conventional technologies.
The available solutions for online condition assessment of equipment in the medium-voltage and high-voltage range are usually complex, expensive, not scalable to the plant scale and only in the rarest cases capable of recording all important plant parameters.
Our solution with PRY-CAM:
Wireless technology enables PD measurement without a conductive connection to the test object. This means that the plant does not have to be switched off for the measurements. The revolutionary technology now enables accurate and reliable online PD measurement and fault diagnosis.
We help you to increase the reliability of the mains supply and safety, to extend the service life of equipment and to significantly reduce maintenance costs and risks.


text:
Build a Birdhouse
Provide shelter and attract some fine feathered friends to your backyard!
Hover over each Learning Benefit below for a detailed explanation.
Fine Motor Skills
What you need:
- large plastic water bottle
- brown packing tape
- Popsicle sticks
What to do:
- Cut a hole in the front of the bottle for the birds to enter.
- Rip the tape into oneto two-inch pieces and cover the entire water bottle.
- Overlap and layer pieces to mimic bark on a tree.
- Glue the Popsicle sticks around the top of the bottle to make a roof.
- Tie a string around the neck of the bottle so you can hang it on a tree branch.
- Promotes fine motor skills
- Encourages appreciation of nature
- Introduces local bird species
Recommended Products for Your Child Ages 3-5


text: |A preliminary study is conducted by means of satellite image analysis, field survey and numerical computation to understand bank erosion of Sittaung River estuary in Myanmar. Sittaung River estuary exhibits a trumpet shape and therefore, strong tidal currents following a bore front take place in the periods of a full moon as well as a new moon. Bank erosion is caused severely owing to such strong currents directed towards the inland, and the bank line retreats at amount of 10 km in most active area these ten years. Present paper discusses a relationship between bed and bank material collected in the river reach and the estuary, potential mechanism of bank erosion and numerical results on tidal currents. Results obtained from discussions suggest that bed sediment, which is composed of clay and silt particles, is supplied owing to bank erosions of the estuary and river reach as well as from far upstream as wash-load, and suggest that tidal currents are reproduced fairly well numerically based on a depth integrated two dimensional flow model.


text:
Hyperbolic Geometry using Cabri
This page and links maintained
by Tim Lister, _EMAIL_
|A tessellation of the hyperbolic plane H2
(the Poincaré unit disc model) by (2, i, i) triangles, that
is, with angles (90, 0, 0). Every triangle has two vertices on the disc
boundary (at infinity). The diagram was built up from an initial triangle
with a vertex at the centre, by reflection (inversion in a disc line) about
one of its sides. A line in this model is the arc of circle orthogonal
to the disc boundary. Parts of the tessellation are shown in varying degrees
of layers in each of the quarters.
Full screen version
|During the summer of 97 I had great fun playing
with some marvelous software, Cabri
, and devising constructions for use in teaching the basic ideas of a geometry
course put on by the Open University. These started with some figures to
demonstrate the transformations of Inversive Geometry, and progressed to
figures for the Arbelos, the inversors of Peucellier and Hart, Coaxial
Circles and so on, much of which was driven by the discovery of a Dover
edition of a small pearl of a book "Advanced
Euclidean Geometry (Modern Geometry) An elementary Treatise on the Geometry
of the triangle and the Circle" (to give its full title) written
by Roger A. Johnson and first published in 1929. It had languished on my
bookshelves, having been bought years ago for 20 cents (South African)
in some sale or other.
||I can recommend it as a fascinating read, or
just for taking in the breathtaking complexity of the many hand crafted
diagrams to be found on its pages.
Compared to these mechanic and static drawings the beauty of a Cabri
figure is that you can "grab and drag" various objects in it and this movement
of the figure often gives a clear or most certainly new insight into the
underlying result or concept. The Cabri icon shown above, with its "grabbing
hand", perfectly captures the major strength of this program. It was with
this in mind that I started to construct a series of Cabri macros and an
ever growing menu for constructions for hyperbolic (or non-Euclidean) geometry
in the Poincaré disc model. The menu commands can be used to draw
figures that illustrate some of the fascinating results and figures to
be found in the hyperbolic plane.
The Cabri Java Handbook
|Download the hyperbolic geometry menu, plus notes for its use.
||The latest innovation is Cabri Java.
Fully interactive Cabri figures displayed on the page via a Java applet.
||d-lines in the Poincare disc, parallels and ultra parallels
||Tiling the disc with regular triangles
||non Euclidean distance
||Talk given at CabriWorld 2001, Montreal
A collection of figures, animated gifs and downloadable Cabri (Fig) files.
|Circumscribed Circle. A result of both Euclidean
and Hyperbolic geometry.
|Isometries of H2
|Tessellation of H2 using regular triangles.


text:
Coalition of Positive Messengers to Counter Online Hate Speech.
From: ΔΗΜΟΣ ΑΓΙΩΝ ΑΝΑΡΓΥΡΩΝ-ΚΑΜΑΤΕΡΟ
Health Services Network - Social Health Services - Social Pharmacy
CIVIL SOCIETY: 41 PRACTICES
Pillar "Environment" includes best practices designed, developed and implemented by the Organizations of Civil Society proving their commitment to Sustainable Development. In this section, are presented actions and initiatives regarding the tackling of climate change and the efforts to raise awareness, mobilize and educate the society on environmental issues.


text:
THE name of the werewolf protagonist of Marie de France's poem Bisclavret has occasioned a good deal of scholarly comment.1 Recently, too, Sharon Kinoshita and Peggy McCracken2 offer a fascinating discussion of the protagonist of Bisclavret's essential nature: is the poem 'of a werewolf or of Werewolf' (that is, what is the significance of Marie's calling him le bisclavret?), and is his nature, at bottom, that of a wolf or a man?
The Breton etymology proposed by William Sayers, *bleiz claffet (*bleiz klañvet in today's orthography), is the best so far, and seems appropriate: bleiz is 'wolf', and claffet is a passive past participle ultimately formed from claff (klañv), 'ill; rabid', with overtones of the Welsh cognate claf, 'ill; leprous; scorbutic', and the Old Irish cognate clam, 'leprous, scurfy; of animals, mangy'.3 As written, *bleiz claffet would mean 'mad/diseased wolf'; Sayers's rendering 'wolf-sick, afflicted with lycanthropy' shows that he is reading the name as a compound, *bleizclaffet, which would be *bleizglañvet in today's orthography: 'wolf-sick (one)', that is, not a diseased wolf, but someone stricken with a wolf disease.4 (The mutation of c to g caused by forming the compound would not have been written in either Old or Middle Breton, nor, for phonological reasons, would we necessarily have expected a French form *bisglavret to result if this alternative is correct.) In a way this option makes better sense than 'diseased wolf': medieval werewolves are typically humans who become wolves, not wolves who become humans.5 However, we must also reckon with v. 64 of Marie's text, where the protagonist tells his wife where he goes when he leaves her: 'Dame, jeo devienc bisclavret', he says; 'Lady, I turn into a bisclavret.' He does not tell her that he is a werewolf, but that he becomes one—or rather, that bisclavret is a description of him in his animal state. For this, 'rabid wolf' might be perfectly appropriate. And conversely we must reckon with the queen's realization in v. 274: que la beste bisclavret/Bisclavret seit, 'that the beast was a werewolf/was Bisclavret'; if bisclavret is not supposed to be a proper name, it must mean 'one who is wolf-sick, afflicted with lycanthropy' rather than 'mad wolf' or 'diseased wolf', for the latter would hardly inspire interest and sympathy in the queen.
What has been overlooked in the literature on Bisclavret is that the name or designation bisclavret is similar to attested names in Old and Middle Breton. As Celticists have known for a long time, the early Bretons,6 like the early Irish, were fond of naming warriors after animals. Dogs and wolves were especially common.
While the Irish hero Cú Chulainn, 'the Hound of Culann', is so called because of his famous killing of the smith Culann's guard-dog, other dog or wolf names such as Cú Díbergae, 'Hound of Brigandage', or Fáelán, 'Little Wolf', are found with 'extraordinary frequency' among early Irish warband (fían) members, and may have been conferred upon initiation into the fían.7 The anonymous French lay of Melion, a development of Marie's Bisclavret, reflects this early Irish warband culture,8 in which young men raiding the countryside are said to be oc fáelad, '(were-)wolfing'.9
Similarly, repositories of Old Breton personal names such as the Cartulary of Redon give us examples like Tanki (modern Tangi/Tanguy), 'Fire-Hound', or Maenki (modern Menguy), 'Powerful-Hound' (or 'Stone-Hound'), among many other names involving animals.10 Old Breton Gurki, answering to Welsh Gurci/Gwrgi, means either 'Great Dog/Top Dog/Over-Dog', or else 'Man-Hound'.11Gurki is thus ambiguous in whether it might suggest a werewolf.
A key form from the Cartulary of Redon is Bleidbara, the name of a witness (testis) to a charter dated 875.12 The meaning may be 'Frenzy-Wolf' or 'Mad-Wolf', as Gary German has it,13 but the structure would have to be noun-plus-genitive: 'Wolf of Frenzy/Madness/Rage'; otherwise we would have a compound meaning 'Wolfish Frenzy/Madness/Rage', a plausible option too. Xavier Delamarre in fact prefers this, translating Bleidbara as 'Fureur-de-Loup' and citing a comparable Gaulish name, Cuno-barrus, 'Fureur-de- … chien'; Ranko Matasović translates Bleidbara 'furious as a wolf'.14 Importantly, although in modern times many soldiers and commanders have earned themselves the nickname 'Mad Dog', Bleidbara seems to be an Old Breton name like any other. Such a name might have been given to a child in mere hopes that he would grow up to be a frenzied warrior; and so many of the aggressive-sounding names in the Cartulary of Redon are followed by 'monachus' or 'presbyter' that even this may not have been the case.
One might take a cynical view of these facts, and suggest that Marie de France's tale of Bisclavret is in fact a gloss on an evocative name: a woman marries a man named Manwolf or Madwolf or Wolf-frenzy; she is then shocked to discover that in this case his name is not conventional but literal. Hence she gets the surplus of meaning which Marie famously urges us to elicit from the obscure writings of the ancients (vv. 9–16 of her Prologue to the Lais).
Names in -claffet (or a corresponding older spelling) are not found, however, giving this rather tempting suggestion less weight than it might otherwise have. Likewise, v. 64 makes us question whether Bisclavret can possibly be the protagonist's name, rather than (or as well as) the name for what he becomes; he is not named up to that point. Nevertheless, there is at least one name in -claff that is known to us: Guinglaff, King Arthur's prophetic interlocutor in the Middle-Breton An Dialog etre Arzur Roe d'an Bretounet ha Guynglaff, 'The Dialogue between Arthur, king of the Bretons, and Guynglaff'.15 The meaning of Guinglaff involves sickness: Hervé Le Bihan translates it as 'having a blessed disease of the eye',16 where -glaff (< claff) is 'having a disease', and guin- (gwennin modern spelling) is 'white; pure; blessed' ('of the eye' is conjectural; there is a tradition that the prophet was blind). As Le Bihan has now shown, An Dialog straddles the genre of political prophecy—well-attested in medieval Wales—and that of the orally-transmitted Breton ballad (gwerz), which Donatien Laurent has claimed to be the 'exact extension' of the tradition from which Marie derived her lays.17
These reflections on the etymology and meaning of bisclavret complicate rather than simplify our analysis of the character—which, as Kinoshita and McCracken have shown, was already complex and difficult enough. However, they do so productively. It is now conventional to note in passing that bisclavret is a Breton word or name;18 and as a Breton name, it is not merely appropriate to the character, but situated within a network of associations that includes one of the key texts pointing to the existence of medieval Breton oral literature. All linguistic considerations aside, the nature of these associations makes Hans Schwerteck's suggestion of *bleiz kammwraet, supposedly 'counterfeit wolf', seem less likely.