ino board from your web browser (Chrome, Firefox, Safari and Edge) after installing a plugin
 5. Since Arduino libraries are written in C++, we need to create two files: Fader.h and Fader.cpp. They will contain the header and the body of the class Fader, respectively. The Arduino IDE comes with its own C++ compiler, so you won't need any other additional tool for this tutorial. Step 1. Setting up. Before start writing our source codes, we have to find the folder which Arduino uses for.
 6. File dataFile = SD.open(datalog.txt, O_READ | O_WRITE | O_CREAT); Warning: not all versions of SD library bundled in different board packages have O_APPEND in #define FILE_WRITE. Even in the Arduino SD library the O_APPEND was removed some time ago and then the change was reverted, because all dataloger examples used FILE_WRITE
 7. This example shows how to read and write data to and from an SD card. Example will be tested in a real hardware circuit and simulated with Proteus. In the circuit there are 3 voltage dividers, each one consists of 2.2K and 3.3K resistors, they are used to step down 5V into 3V. Arduino SD card read and write files
How to Write Arduino Sensor Data to a CSV File on a
 1. Write Data to Beginning of File With Arduino or ESP8266: I had a data logging project where I needed to log data to a file, then once a day, send the data file to a central server. I was using an ESP8266-01 to do this, leveraging the Arduino IDE.This is easy enough to do using the SPIFFS/File System Obje
 2. The code. We start the code by including the SPIFFS.h library, so we have access to the methods needed to both write and read from a file. Remember from the previous tutorial that, by including this library, we will have access to the SPIFFS extern variable, which will be the one used to interact with the file system.. #include SPIFFS.h Moving on to the Arduino setup function, we start by.
 3. On the PC wait until the transfer is complete and then save the log file. To read/save/modify any file without user interaction: Set up the arduino to act as a serial port. Write a desktop PC application that takes the data from the Arduino. Define a protocol that allows the arduino to to specify the filename and what to do with it. The arduino.
 4. imal effort. We make a lot of dataloggers, the majority of which either store data internally and then output a summary to an LCD display, or dump all collected data to an SD card for later processing and analysis.
With SD you could write a new file without that line or you could make a file that the last byte is the number of the last line read, assuming no more than 255 lines with passwords else that file needs to be a growing series of 16 or 32 bit values. Every time you read a name and pw you need to append the line number to the last-line file. When the program starts it needs to open that file and. From the Arduino site for Serial.write and Serial.print: Serial.write() Writes binary data to the serial port. This data is sent as a byte or series of bytes; to send the characters representing the digits of a number use the print() function instead. Serial.print() Prints data to the serial port as human-readable ASCII text But the SD library in arduino currently writes data at about 4500-5000 bytes per second which is too slow. Also, be sure to keep the flag in SD.open() as 'O_WRITE | O_CREAT' instead of 'FILE_WRITE'. This sure increased the speed by a great factor. But I needed more! Storing the data in binary (check out this blog) improved the performance even more. My current speed is approximately 100. At the end of your main-*.cpp-file write #include foo.h, #include bar.h, etc. for every *.h-file you have where foo and bar are the actual names of the needed files; create function prototypes in a seperate file. To do this create a new file called prototypes.h and add a prototype for each function defined in one of your other *.h-files there. include the created prototypes.h (#. I was able to write the _PHONE_ byes of files that are on there with SPIFFS. It just seems to have stopped accepting writes at _PHONE_ bytes out of _PHONE_ instead of writing up to the max of _PHONE_ bytes
Arduino - SDCardNotes
For example, instead of using Arduino board you just want to use the ATmega microcontroller then the easiest way is to write the code in Arduino and then get its hex file and upload it in your microcontroller, which makes the task quite easy. Another example is Proteus simulation, when you want to simulate your Arduino board in Proteus software then you need to get the hex file so that you can. The SD and micro SD card modules allow you to communicate with the memory card and write or read the information on them. The module interfaces in the SPI protocol. To use these modules with Arduino you need the SD library. This library is installed on the Arduino application by default. NoteThese modules can not handle high-capacity memory cards After writing those files and setting up the Led library folder, you can now restart your Arduino IDE and test the blink_led.ino example. Written by Rishabh Dev Yada
Arduino - SDope
The code. As we have been doing in the previous posts, we start with the SPIFFS.h library include, in order to access the SPIFFS extern variable, needed to interact with the file system. This is the only library we will need. #include SPIFFS.h Then we move on to the Arduino setup, where we will write the rest of the code Create 2 new files: my_library.h and my_library.cpp. Then restart your Arduino IDE, or close/open your current sketch. You should now see 3 files. Write the following code into those 3 files. my_library.h #ifndef MY_LIBRARY_H #define MY_LIBRARY_H #include <Arduino.h> int addTwoInts(int a, int b); #endif. This is a typical header file The open-source Arduino environment makes it easy to write code and upload it to the i/o board. It runs on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. The environment is written in Java and based on Processing, avr-gcc, and other open source software. Arduino icon. Arduino icon size: 128px x 128px (.png with transparency) Arduino works with the following file extensions: Note: You can click on any file. In this tutorial we will check how to delete a file from the SPIFFS file system, using the ESP32 and the Arduino core. The tests were performed using a DFRobot's ESP32 module integrated in a ESP32 development board. Introductio
ESP32 Arduino SPIFFS: Writing a file - techtutorials
[解決方法が見つかりました!] serial-libを使用してセンサーデータをシリアルポートに書き込み、シリアルポートからデータを読み取り、ファイルに書き込む小さな処理プログラムを作成できます。 arduinoコードで、setupメソッドでシリアルライブラリを初期化します Serial.begin(9600); センサーの値. Python / Pyserial / Arduino writing serial data to to txt file problem. Hot Network Questions Should retail investors learn and use the capital asset pricing model (CAPM)? Why carriage return don't be shown as ^M in my vim? Is there a way to safely tranquilize my cat, so he does not remember a vet visit?. With SPIFFS, you can write the HTML and CSS in separated files and save them on the ESP8266 filesystem. Installing the Arduino ESP8266 Filesystem Uploader. You can create, save and write files to the ESP8266 filesystem by writing the code yourself in Arduino IDE. This is not very useful, because you'd have to type the content of your files in. One of the weak spot of the Arduino is the memory space. When playing with data (saving measurement, reading or writing to a file, etc.), it is necessary to have lot of space available. You can easily add memory to the Arduino with a Secure Digital card or SD card.


text:
Ceilometers are known to be robust, stand-alone and cost-effective lidar-based remote sensing instruments. Typically, ceilometers are used in aviation to detect cloud base heights. Ceilometers are also used for atmospheric profiling, however, and the applications of profile information are increasing. The focus of this presentation is on potential new developments for operational ceilometer networks, such as the use of depolarization ratio profiles.
High-quality vertical profiles of total attenuated backscatter enable the detailed observation of cloud, boundary-layer, and elevated aerosol layer structures. Further developments in conventional ceilometers, such as the addition of the depolarization ratio profile measurement capability, allow more effective atmospheric sensing and new application areas can be more accurately covered. Depolarization ratio profiles enable the differentiation of hydrometeors – differentiation of liquid droplets, drizzle and raindrops, snow and ice crystals. These are important to a wide range of applications in the fields of aviation, meteorology, and air quality.
In this presentation we demonstrate depolarization ratio profile measurements using a new Vaisala CL61 Lidar Ceilometer with depolarization ratio profiling capability. We show measurements collected with 910.55 nm wavelength in different field campaigns and the comparison results with research grade lidars in varying weather and climate. The results correlate well and the depolarization ratio measurements show the physical characteristics of liquid and ice clouds, as well as the effects of multiple scattering in liquid cloud layers. This new depolarization capability in ceilometers allows multiple applications to be served, and enables the buildup of operational networks that provide improved vertical profiling in all weather conditions.
How to cite: Tuononen, M., Lehtinen, R., Kallio, J., Tuominen, P., and Roininen, R.: New profiling capability for operational ceilometer networks, EMS Annual Meeting 2021, online, 6–10 Sep 2021, EMS2021-80, _URL_ 2021.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Robotics Case Studies
- This case study is filed under:
The Modular Power Connector (MPC) from Multi-Contact Combines up to 15 Single-pole Power Contacts
Stäubli Electrical Connectors, Inc. Posted 10/25/2012The great advantage is obvious: the modular design permits the construction of application-specific plug connectors with standard modules. Fixed mounting dimensions with variable assembly configuration simplify structural integration. That reduces costs for logistics, warehousing and service.
Applications can be found in regional rail, subways and streetcars, but also in locomotives and high-speed trains, for example in the electrical drive train. The traction transformer reduces the voltage generally used in rail systems of 15 or 25 kV to the operating voltage required by the traction engine, generally a voltage between 1500 and 2000 V. The MPC is used to transmit power to the secondary side of the transformer as well as for the power supply to the drive motor. Additional applications are the power connection between cars and the electrical contacting of components such as inverters and batteries. With rated values of 3600 V and up to 700 A, this plug connector is suitable for many other industrial high-current and high-voltage applications.
The individual modules of the MPC can be connected on the side and stacked vertically. For different contact diameters and cable cross-sections of 10 to 240 mm², there are different insulating bodies available that can all be combined with one another. Up to 15 modules can be combined, and it is even possible to combine plugs and sockets. Instead of using multiple single-pole connectors, only a single modular plug connectors can be connected.
An MPC coupling can consist of one fixed and one mobile part, or of two mobile parts. For the fixed part, either a straight plug connector is mounted using existing mounting holes, or a flush-mounted box is installed in a panel. The mobile plug connector permits adaptation to a wide variety of installation situations by selecting straight or angled modules. The result is a particularly compact plug connection between two rail cars by using fixed flush-mount boxes with a mobile angle connector. Combining straight plug connectors results in particularly flat couplings, for example for under-floor installation. Here, a metal cover protects the connector from mechanical damage such as impact by rocks.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Definition of quarter binding in English:
A type of bookbinding in which the spine is bound in one material (usually leather) and the rest of the cover in another: useful for siding quarter bindings and half bindings are many patterns of lining paper
More example sentences
- The process of quarter binding a book is more akin to paperback binding than traditional case binding.
- This printing features the light grey quarter leather binding, with gilded labyrinth design by Jeff Clements.
- They would not have had a dust jacket but would be bound in leather or clothe in styles known as full binding, half binding or quarter binding.
- Example sentences
- These copies are quarter bound in leather with a gilt spine and housed in a slip-case.
- The book is quarter-bound in red with grey board that has stamped into it in red and gold foil Tolkien's Ring and Eye of Sauron symbol.
- It was quarter-bound in a traditional style: a cream canvas spine with a leather spine-label and grey paper-covered sides.
Definition of quarter binding in:
- US English dictionary
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.


text:
A-Z directory of animals
Search for an animal by classification - Amphibian | Bird | Invertebrate | Mammal | Reptile
Barn owls are mostly white with yellow and tawny markings and white heart-shaped faces.
The Gloucester old spot pig is the oldest spotted pedigree pig in the world and the most expensive pig in Britain.
The male orange-headed ground thrush has grey upper parts while the female and young have brown upper parts with an orange head.
Ostriches are the largest of all birds and are found on the short grass plains and arid savannahs of sub-Saharan Africa.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
This job is no longer available
Job nr. WTVN01372
Job Title Instrument Inspector
Contact name Vinay Nalubala
Contact email _EMAIL_
Website address _URL_
Short job description
Instrument Inspector will coordinate closely with CONTRACTOR to minimize work interference due to engineering or construction quality problems.
Main job description
The responsibilities of Instrument Inspector position will include but are not limited to the following:
- Coordinate closely with CONTRACTOR to minimise work interference due to engineering or construction quality problems.
- Ensure that proper quality control techniques and procedures are established by the contractor. Ensure that quality control is carried out during the installation phase.
- Appraise the quality and performance of contractor's field personnel.
- Supervise and witness Megger Tests and Continuity checks for all cables.
- Supervise and witness tubing loop checks and leak tests.
- Monitor the contractor's efforts to verify that instrument material and equipment supplied meet the project specification.
- Ensure correct inventory and proper inspection records are maintained by contractor.
- Check to ensure adequate and proper inspection records are maintained by contractor.
- Participate in the resolution of quality problems as directed.
A major Oil and Gas Company operating in Middle East.
Location Basra, Iraq


text:
How to export dashboard data
You can export an entire dashboard or individual tiles to a file or collection of files. The export includes all the data displayed during the current time range and the settings that created the display. Typically, an export does not include all the data collected during the current time range, just the summarizations of the collected data that are displayed in the dashboard or tile. For example, Graph tiles automatically align data points when the amount of space for display and the time range to represent are variable.
Export entire dashboard
You can export a dashboard as a collection of CSV or JSON files bundled in a ZIP archive.
In the dashboard header, click the export control, and then click CSV or JSON.
The dashboard itself and the tiles that support data export are exported as separate files.
Export individual tile
You can export data from any tile to a CSV or JSON file:
Follow these steps:
In the tile header, click the vertical ellipsis (⋮).
On the menu, click Export, and then click CSV or JSON.


text: A rare and little-studied species, much of the blue shiner's biology is, as yet, undescribed. However, like many other related species, the blue shiner is believed to feed on a variety of terrestrial insects floating on the water surface, often foraging around river margins with overhanging vegetation. This species has a relatively prolonged breeding period, from early May through late August, suggesting females produce multiple clutches each season (5). In common with other shiners, males probably attract mates by defending territories and using courtship displays, with spawning taking place in a cavity in submerged wood (4) (5). The juvenile fish grow to reach maturity at around two years of age, and have a lifespan of three years (2) (4).


text:
This article describes the process of understanding where there are differences between the Theoretical Inventory (system – calculated stock on hand), and Actual Inventory figures (manual Inventory count) using the Variance Analysis tab in Fourth Analytics for Purchasing & Inventory (formerly known as Adaco).
This tab shows all stock movements recorded in and out of an area to produce a theoretical stock figure, which is then compared to an actual Inventory count, and the difference quantified in value and percentage terms.
Top Banner Figures
This graphic displays:
- Top Line - The key values of opening stock and stock movements recorded to produce a system generated stock value (on hand), Inventory count value (closing), and any variance
- Bottom Line – Information of what the stock movements comprise of by transaction type
Fig.1 – Top Banner Figures
Inventory Closing (count) Vs System on Hand
This graphic shows a trend pre-set for the previous 10 Stock Periods, with each bar representing a Stock Period.
- The entire column height equates to the system-on-hand stock value
- The beige column represents the value of counted stock
- The orange block displays the difference (variance) between counted and calculated value
- The grey trend line shows the difference as a percentage of calculated stock value, period-on-period
Fig.2 – Inventory Closing (count) Vs System on Hand
Top 10 Variance Outlet - Value
This report displays the 10 Outlets (by stock location) with the largest variance in value terms between calculated stock on hand and Inventory count.
Fig.3 – Top 10 Variance Outlet - Value
Top / Bottom 10 Variance by Quantity
These tables list the 10 Products (in volume order) with the largest positive (left) and negative (right) variances by Inventory unit quantity.
Fig.4 – Top/Bottom 10 Variance by Quantity
Top 10 Variance by Subcategory / Property
These graphs list the 10 Subcategories / Properties (in volume order) with the largest positive variances.
Fig.5 – Top 10 Variance Items – Subcategory/Property
Outlet Variance Report by Outlet Value
This table displays a breakdown by Outlet of the key values of opening stock and stock movements by transaction type to produce a system generated stock value (on Hand), Inventory count value (closing), and any variance.
- To break this information down further, use the All Categories and All Subcategories buttons
Fig.6 – Outlet Variance Report by Outlet - Value
Outlet Variance Report by Product Value / QTY
These two tables display a breakdown of Product either by monetary value, or product quantity. The default is that only Products with variances between calculated and counted stock-on-hand are displayed, but Products with no variance may be included by selecting Including Items with No Variance button.
Fig.7 – Outlet Variance Report by Product – Value/QTY
This example scenario outlines the process of understanding where the largest stock variances are between actual counted stock, and system calculated stock on hand using the graphs and tables displayed above.
- Select the required time period using the Date Dimension (Business day) filter under Property Details
- Within the Property Details filters, set the Property or Outlet filter(s) as required
- Review the Top Banner Figures to see the total variance, and the Inventory Closing (Count) Vs System on Hand graph to understand if this variance has been increasing or decreasing
- Refer to the Bottom 10 Variance by Quantity table to identify which Products may be driving the variance (also refer to the Top 10 Variance by Quantity to check that this is not caused by one product being substituted for another)
- Refer to the Top 10 Variance by Subcategory / Property to identify the key areas and apply appropriate filters if required
- Then, use the detailed reports to identify which particular Products are driving the differences, and refer to the transaction type totals to help identify if this due to transactions not being recorded


text:
June 14, 2016
Brazilian Livestock Producers Substituting Wheat in Feed Rations
Livestock producers in southern Brazil have been scrambling for several months to find enough corn to keep their operations functioning. The scarcity of corn in Brazil has led to record high domestic corn prices while the market waits for the safrinha corn harvest to accelerate. Brazilian farmers have harvested 3-5% of their safrinha corn and the harvest pace is expected to pick up during the second half of June.
In the meantime, poultry and hog producers in southern Brazil have turned to wheat to meet some of their feed requirements. Not only are livestock producers using lower quality feed-wheat for their animal rations, they are also purchasing higher quality wheat that would normally be used for human consumption. They are not using wheat because it is cheaper than corn, they are using wheat because in some markets, there is no corn available at any price.
Current wheat prices in southern Brazil are in the range of R$ 48 to R$ 51 per sack (approximately $6.25 to $6.60 per bushel), while recent corn prices have been as high as R$ 50 to R$ 60 per sack (approximately $6.50 to $7.80 per bushel), if any corn is available.
The consulting firm Trigo & Farinhas (Wheat & Flour) reported that livestock producers purchased 220,000 tons of wheat in May to substitute for corn. A 100,000 tons of wheat came from Parana and 120,000 tons came from Rio Grande do Sul.
Large meat producers such as JBS, which is the largest meat exporter in the world and the second largest poultry producer, are reportedly purchasing wheat for their livestock operations. The company BRF, which is the largest poultry exporter in the world, has been forced to temporarily close some of their Brazilian production facilities due to the high cost of feed.
In the big picture, the amount of wheat used for animal feed is small compared to the overall wheat market in Brazil. Brazil consumes approximately 11 million tons of wheat annually while it produces 5 to 6 million tons. The deficit is generally made up with wheat imports from Argentina and Paraguay making Brazil one of the largest wheat importers in the world.


text:
ADL Education Programs
The People V. Leo Frank:
A teacher's guide to accompany the film by Ben Loeterman
"Almost a century after the fact, one of the most notorious criminal dramas in American history comes back to life as a documentary." —Atlanta Journal Constitution
The People v. Leo Frank, a 2009 film by Ben Loeterman Productions, vividly brings to life one of the most fascinating criminal cases in American history: the 1913 murder of a child laborer, Mary Phagan, and the trial and lynching of the Jewish factory supervisor accused of her murder, Leo Frank. Set against the backdrop of an American South struggling to shed its legacy of bigotry and xenophobia, The People v. Leo Frank is both a first-rate murder mystery and a compelling look at racial, religious, regional and class prejudices in the early years of the 20th century. View the movie trailer.
ADL is proud to present the Teacher's Guide to accompany The People v. Leo Frank. The guide provides instructional materials that help educators to explore the intersection of various forms of oppression and the complexity of bias incidents at the center of the Leo Frank case in four topic areas:
- Anti-Semitism and Religious Bigotry
- Racism and Race Relations
- Regional and Class Tensions
- The Power of the Press
Each topic area includes guided review of film clips with discussion questions, student readings, extension activities and research ideas, investigation of primary source materials, as well as correlation to national educational standards.
Students will emerge from their study of the Leo Frank case with an understanding of the ways in which anti-Semitism, racism and other social forces shaped life in the post-Reconstruction and Jim Crow South. More importantly, students will also increase their awareness about the dangers of stereotyping and bigotry in today's world, and the importance of speaking out against bias and prejudice of all kinds.
Read through some excerpts of the guide's discussion questions and watch the accompanying film clips. You can also download the entire Teacher's Guide using the form below.
For more information about The People v. Leo Frank or for a DVD version of the movie to accompany the Teacher's Guide, visit _URL_.
Download the Teacher's Guide For Free
Sign up and you will be able to download the Teacher's Guide
Please fill out the following personal information: (All fields with an * are required)


This documentation is archived and is not being maintained.
How to: Represent Columns as Class Members (LINQ to SQL)
Use the LINQ to SQL ColumnAttribute attribute to associate a field or property with a database column.
To map a field or property to a database column
The following code maps the CustomerID field in the Customer class to the CustomerID column in the Customers database table.
<Table(Name:="Customers")> _
Public Class Customer
 <Column(Name:="CustomerID")> _
 Public CustomerID As String
 ' ...
End Class
You do not have to specify the Name property if the name can be inferred. If you do not specify a name, the name is presumed to be the same name as that of the property or field.
Show:


Crosstown Traffic
Integrated Media Systems Center and USC Annenberg School of Journalism have teamed up to analyze IMSC's massive and ever-growing traffic database. Traffic data, particularly in a city such as this one, is unique in its ability to send us signals about the economy, quality of life, safety, and social and economic status in Los Angeles. Each team br unique skills to this endeavor. The expertise of IMSC researchers in computer science, data management and statistics was essential in the curating and codifying of millions of bits of information. The Annenberg side was charged with figuring out what questions the data might be able to answer and what stories it might be able to tell us about the city we live in.


Tuesday, July 24, 2012
Cuusoo User's Guide: Part 1, What is Cuusoo
Welcome to the Unofficial Cuusoo User's Guide.
This is a Part 1 of a short series of articles about Cuusoo for beginners through super users. It is derived from the presentation I gave at Brick Fiesta earlier this year.
The purpose of the document is to introduce people to the ins and outs of Cuusoo, provide some tricks and hints interacting with the site, and clear up some of the misunderstanding and confusion that people have about what Cuusoo is all about.
Although each entry is mostly complete, this is a living document. I will refresh and update they various parts as new details come to light (or I notice typos).
As always, feedback is welcome!
Part 1: What is Cuusoo?
Part 2: Finding Projects
Part 3: Supporting a Project
Part 4: Comments, Reporting, & Feedback
Part 5: Monitoring Activity and the My Page
Part 6: Creating Projects and Verboten Subjects
Part 7: Creating "Successful" Projects
Section Descriptions
Part 1: What is Cuusoo?
Just a general instruction and why you should care about Cuusoo.
Part 2: Finding Projects
This section explains how to navigate Cuusoo and find projects that may interest you.
Part 3: Supporting a Project
Supporting a project is easy, but this section explains what that really means. It also tells you more ways that you can support your favorite projects indirectly.
Part 4: Comments, Reporting, & Feedback
This discusses the social elements of Cuusoo and how to tell Cuusoo what you think about the site
Part 5: Monitoring Activity and the My Page
How to follow Cuusoo content and what the different settings mean as well as User profiles.
Part 6: Creating Projects and Verboten SubjectsHere is where we discuss Cuusoo's rules for posting projects as well as covering what Cuusoo will and won't let you post.
Part 7: Creating "Successful" Projects
Currently Unpublished. In this section I will talk about what is common in the "successful" projects (those with high support, not necessary those at 10k),and ways to help you get there.
What is Cuusoo?
Cuusoo means "Wish" in Japanese
But what is it Really?
Cuusoo is a site where people can suggest new Lego products.
How does that work?
A person posts their concept on Cuusoo. If they can get 10,000 other people to support their idea, then The Lego Group (TLG) will review the viability of the idea.
This review will be based not only on the marketability of the concept but also how well the concept fits with TLG's brand standard and their access to the intellectual property. If the project passes the review stage then TLG will create a product based on the submitted idea.
Why is this SO AWESOME?
 It should be obvious to anyone who visits this site that I am a BIG fan of Cuusoo. Why is that? I am amazed TLG even considered doing this! Really, just think about it...TLG has given us all a platform in which we can tell them, in explicit details, what we want them to make AND they give us a forum in which we can try to get support for that idea to PROVE that it is marketable.
What other company does that? Seriously, think about it. What other company says "Do you want us to make something for you? Put it on our website and if enough people support that idea, we will give it some serious thought."
Why should I care?
Since you are on this site I can make two reasonable assumptions. First off, you probably really like Lego. That is an easy one with a very high likelihood (who doesn't like Lego?). The second assumption, which is a lot less likely though still probable is that you are not German. I know this because I monitor my website traffic and the majority of my traffic is not from Germany. Sure, some of you are and I am glad to have you, but most of you are not.
It might sound like I have gone totally off the rails here but this is important to my point actually. Many fans of Lego, many U.S. fans that is, don't realize, that the U.S. is NOT the primary market for Lego. TLG sells more Lego to Germany than to the entire U.S. In FACT, the U.S. is not even second, it is third!
TLG, like any intelligent business, designs their product to appeal to its primary customer, in this case Germany. There is absolutely nothing wrong with this, its how business works. Does TLG ignore every other country? No, of course not, but your market is given the respect it deserves.
So, Why should you care about Cuusoo? You should care because Cuusoo is your direct line to TLG. When you support a Cuusoo project you are telling TLG, "I am a Lego customer and THIS is what I want you to make for me." How COOL is that?
Cuusoo Trivia
As of the creation of this document 11 projects have reaches the requisite number of votes to be reviewed.
 - 3 projects: the Shinkai*, the Hayabusa*, and Minecraft have made it to the Product Stage
 - 3 project: Serenity, The Winchester, and The Dark Bucket made it to the review stage and were rejected
 - 4 projects: Western Modular, Eve Online ship, Legend of Zelda, and Back to the Future are currently being reviewed
 - 1 project: Portal 2, is pending review
* Note: The Hayabusa and Shinkai predate the "Global" release of Cuusoo. They were only required to reach 1000 votes to get reviewed, but at the time, Cuusoo was limited to Japanese users only.


- Corpus ID: _PHONE_
Learning under Non-stationarity : Covariate Shift Adaptation by Importance Weighting Masashi Sugiyama
@inproceedings{Hrdle2013LearningUN,
 title={Learning under Non-stationarity : Covariate Shift Adaptation by Importance Weighting Masashi Sugiyama},
 author={Wolfgang Karl H{\"a}rdle},
 year={2013}
}
The goal of supervised learning is to estimate an underlying input-output function from its input-output training samples so that output values for unseen test input points can be predicted. A common assumption in supervised learning is that the training input points follow the same probability distribution as the test input points. However, this assumption is not satisfied, for example, when outside of the training region is extrapolated. The situation where the training and test input points…
Figures and Tables from this paper
References
SHOWING 1-10 OF 95 REFERENCES
Covariate Shift Adaptation by Importance Weighted Cross Validation
TLDR
This paper proposes a new method called importance weighted cross validation (IWCV), for which its unbiasedness even under the covariate shift is proved, and the IWCV procedure is the only one that can be applied for unbiased classification under covariates.
Direct Density Ratio Estimation for Large-scale Covariate Shift Adaptation
TLDR
This work proposes a novel method that allows us to directly estimate the importance from samples without going through the hard task of density estimation, and demonstrates that the proposed method is computationally more efficient than existing approaches with comparable accuracy.
Input-dependent estimation of generalization error under covariate shift
TLDR
This paper proposes an alternative estimator of the generalization error for the squared loss function when training and test distributions are different and is shown to be exactly unbiased for finite samples if the learning target function is realizable and asymptotically unbiased in general.
Direct importance estimation for covariate shift adaptation
TLDR
This paper proposes a direct importance estimation method that does not involve density estimation and is equipped with a natural cross validation procedure and hence tuning parameters such as the kernel width can be objectively optimized.
Machine Learning in Non-Stationary Environments - Introduction to Covariate Shift Adaptation
TLDR
This book focuses on a specific non-stationary environment known as covariate shift, in which the distributions of inputs and outputs change but the conditional distribution of outputs is unchanged, and presents machine learning theory, algorithms, and applications to overcome this variety of non- stationarity.
Dataset Shift in Machine Learning
TLDR
This volume offers an overview of current efforts to deal with dataset and covariate shift, and places dataset shift in relationship to transfer learning, transduction, local learning, active learning, and semi-supervised learning.
Dependence Minimizing Regression with Model Selection for Non-Linear Causal Inference under Non-Gaussian Noise
TLDR
This paper proposes a novel causal inference algorithm called least-squares independence regression (LSIR), which learns the additive noise model through minimization of an estimator of the squared-loss mutual information between inputs and residuals.
Active Learning in Approximately Linear Regression Based on Conditional Expectation of Generalization Error
TLDR
This paper proposes a new active learning method also using the weighted least-squares learning, which it proves that the proposed active learning criterion is a more accurate predictor of the single-trial generalization error than the existing criterion.
Subspace Information Criterion for Model Selection
TLDR
A new criterion for model selection, the subspace information criterion (SIC), which is a generalization of Mallows's CL, is proposed, which gives an unbiased estimate of the generalization error of the learning target function.
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text:
Gilfield Baptist observes 150th anniversary
Published 9:58 am Friday, November 8, 2013
MERLE MONAHAN/CONTRIBUTING WRITER
IVOR—Gilfield Baptist Church, the oldest African-American church in Southampton County, will conclude the celebration of its 150th anniversary at 3 p.m. Sunday, Nov. 17, at the church.
The Rev. Ivan Harris of Denbigh Baptist Church in Newport News will bring the message immediately following dinner in the fellowship hall.
Organized just prior to the Civil War in 1863 by several descendants of slaves, the first service was held under a brush harbor, on the site where the current church now stands.
A history of the church states that the first members of Gilfield were members of Tucker Swamp Baptist, but wanted their own place of worship. A parcel of land owned by African-Americans William and Eliza Diggs near Ivor was offered for this purpose and Gilfield was organized.
Members of the new church began to hold prayer meetings at the site, where they eventually built a small church building. On May 9, 1873, William and Eliza Diggs donated this parcel of land to the trustees of Gilfield.
Through the years, the church has had only 10 pastors, starting with the Rev. Jordan Thomas, who served for four years. He was succeeded by the Rev. Ashley Lewis, who served seven years.
The Rev. Holland Powell became the next pastor, serving six years, then the Rev. Henry Madison, who served 12 years.
Madison's son, the Rev. Collin Madison, succeeded him and served 20 years. The Rev. Ralph Paige became the next pastor, serving three years.
The longest-serving leader of the church succeeded Paige. He was the Rev. George King, who was at the helm of Gilfield for 41 years.
Under King's guidance, the church continued to grow, according to the history.
From 1947 through 1952, a number of renovations took place, such as adding new floors, new restrooms and new heaters.
Also in 1952, a gift was presented to the congregation – an oil painting of the early church by Walter Cecil Rawls, a native of Ivor. Rawls, founder of Walter Cecil Rawls Library and an artist, said he was inspired to paint the picture because of his first vision of the church as a young boy.
"This church, standing on the hill in this grove of trees, was to me a beautiful place," Rawls said.
He also left $1,000 to the church at his death.
The Rev. Curtis Harris became the next pastor and served 33 years. He was followed by the Rev. Eustice Mitchell, who resigned after 10 years in 2008.
The church is led by the Rev. Kenneth Ricks, who worked along with Shirley Winnegan-Harris, anniversary chairman and co-chair, Gladys Ruffin in organizing the celebration.
"We had a banquet in May at the Tabernacle Christian Church in Suffolk to kick off the celebration," said Harris. "Oh, it was a grand occasion."
She said a plaque has also been hung inside the church naming those who supported the celebration.
"We're also working on a memorial booklet, like the ones we've done for several years before," Harris added.
Portia McClenny, 91, who attended the banquet, said she loves Gilfield and wouldn't miss the anniversary service.
"I've been a member for 73 years, having joined in 1940, right after my husband, Theodore, and I got married. He was a lifetime member and we were quite active in the church during the early years.
"In fact, all my children were baptized there."
McClenny added that she and her husband owned a large farm near Ivor, and traveled to Africa as missionaries from the church to teach the people how to farm.
The church mother said she has fond memories of the early days at Gilfield.
"I remember the huge revivals, when members of the church had to feed the preachers.
"I can't tell you how many meals I've cooked just for that purpose," McClenny said with a smile.
As the church grows, its activities increase. Harris, who is also church clerk, said services are held at Gilfield for the first four Sundays in the month and at one of several other churches on fifth Sunday.
"We have formed a fellowship with St. Luke's, First Baptist, New Branch and Beulah land. We alternate having services at one of these churches on every fifth Sunday," she said.
"We've had lean times and better times," Harris revealed. "But we are a dedicated group of people who want to hear God's word. And because of that, we work hard to keep our church up.
She said they recently borrowed more than $100,000 to make renovations. They expect to pay off the mortgage in December.
Not bad for the little "Church on the Hill at the Turn of the Road," a phrase used early on to identify Gilfield.


text:
play a given note. Then at the highest speed. Add these points to the graph.
What's Going on?
When the frequency of whirly rotation is plotted versus the number of the harmonic which it is playing, the data lies near a straight line. This means that the frequency of the note played by the whirly is proportional to the frequency with which it is twirled.
Tape a garbage bag to one end of the whirly.
Inflate the garbage bag with a blower by blowing air through the whirly. (You can also inflate the bag by blowing into the bag with your mouth. If you blow into the bag do not press your mouth against the whirly, hold your mouth a few inches from the end of the whirly to promote entrainment of surrounding air, this will increase the flow of air into the bag and decrease the time it takes to fill the bag.)
Play the lowest note by twirling the whirly. Time how long it takes to empty the air from the bag. (For consistency rotate the whirly as slowly as possible to play this note.) You can also time how long it takes to fill the bag while playing the note with a blower. (It is easier for beginner whirly players to control the note with a blower.)
Play the second note, then the third etc. Plot the time to empty the bag versus the number of the harmonic, i.e. plot the time it takes to empty the bag playing the lowest note at the number 2, the number of its harmonic. Notice that the plot is a straight line. The time it takes to empty the bag is proportional to the frequency of the note being played.
If you measure the volume of the bag using the Math Root below you will be able to compute the speed of the airflow through the bag. See the other Math Root below.
Math Root, Measuring the volume of the bag
Measure the volume of the bag. Fill the bag with dog food, Styrofoam chips or any other cheap granular material. Weigh the amount of material in the bag, weigh a liter of the material, then compute the volume of the bag.
Weigh the empty bag and whirly, then weigh them full. Subtract the empty mass from the full mass to find the mass of the fill, M.
Measure the mass of a liter of the fill material, ml.
The volume of the bag in liters, V, is then the mass of the bag divided by the mass of one liter of fill material.
V = M/ml
convert the volume to cubic meters. There are 1,000 Liters in a cubic meter.
Alternatively, place the bag into a large body of water and pour a measured amount of water into the bag through the whirly until it is full.
Math Root, The speed of flow through the whirly.
Measure the time, t, it takes to empty a bag of
Measure the area of the inside of the whirly tube, A.
The area is A = pi r2
where r is the radius of the inside of the
Our whirly had an inside diameter of 2.5 cm and so a radius of 1.25 cm.
Express the area in square meters, ours was 4.9 x 10-4 m2.
The speed of airflow through the whirly, s, can be found by knowing the time it takes for a volume of air to flow through the cross sectional area of the tube.
s = V/At
The speed will be in meters per second.
Calculate the speed of the airflow for each of the notes played by the whirly.
Measure the frequencies of the notes using a
frequency meter or oscilloscope.
(If you do not have a frequency measuring device you can estimate the frequency from the length of the tube. For a tube of length L the fundamental frequency will be
f1 = v/2L
where v is the speed of sound in air (about 350 m/s)
for our tube of length 0.78 m
the fundamental frequency is
350/(2 * 0.78) = 220 Hz
Plot the speed of the airflow versus the frequency of each note.
Note that the speed is proportional to the frequency.
Find the constant of proportionality, the slope of
the plot of speed versus frequency.
The slope will have units of meters.
Measure the distance from the center of one ridge
on the whirly to the center of a neighboring ridge. This is the
wavelength of the ridges in the whirly. Ours was 0.65 cm or 0.0065
At the speed of airflow in the lowest note calculate the number of ridges the air will hit each second.
What's going on?
Theory says that when the whirly plays a note the
airflow will collide with the ridges as it flows through the whirly.
The air tumbling over each ridge makes a donut-shaped vortex. Each
vortex includes a back-and-forth motion of the air, this back and
forth motion drives the resonant frequency of the tube. This
phenomenon is known as impinging shear flow instability, it is what
makes your tea kettle whistle. In the mouth of a whistling tea kettle
there is a plug with two disks separated by a space, there is a hole
in the middle of each disk. When the air, or steam, flows through the
first hole and then flows through the second hole it exits in
vortices which cause oscillating pressure in the air, heard by the
human ear as a whistle. The ridges in the whirly tube play the same
role. As the air flows first over one ridge then over a second it
tumbles into a vortex. The faster the air flows through the tube the
higher the frequency of the sound produced by the vortex. When the
frequency of the vortex matches one of the natural resonant
frequencies of the tube it is amplified.
To drive the resonant frequencies of the tube, air must tumble over each ridge in the whirly. This means that there must be turbulent flow of air in the tube. At low speeds the air can flow through the whirly tube smoothly, this is called laminar flow, such a smooth and quiet laminar flow will produce no turbulent eddies to drive the resonant frequencies of the tube.
Whether the airflow is laminar or turbulent depends on the Reynolds number of the airflow. Osbourne Reynolds studied the flow of fluids through tubes and found the conditions under which fluids flowed in laminar flow versus turbulent flow. This depended on the density of the fluid, r, the viscosity of the fluid, h, on the speed of fluid flow, v, and on the diameter of the tube, d. For a given fluid such as air through a tube like the whirly, the transition from laminar to turbulent flow happens as the speed of the flow is increased past a critical value at which the Reynolds number exceeds 2,000.
The Reynolds number is
R = r v2r/ h
where v is the velocity of the flow in meters per
second, 4.8 m/1.3 s = 3.7 m/s
r is the density of air, 0.8 kg/m3
h is the viscosity of the air 1 centipoise, 0.01 poise
r is the radius of the tube r = 1.25 cm = 0.0125 m
Calculate the Reynolds number for the fundamental note of your tube and for the second harmonic.
R = 0.8 * 16 *.01/.01 = 10
way too low for turbulence.
Return to the Summer Institute
25 May 2000


text: Vikings sold cheap copies of their sword called the Ulfberht. Their original Ulfberht was made from steel imported from the Middle East. Apparently they found a market for their swords and made copies from cheaper metal and sold them across northern Europe, where archaeologists would find them around a millennium later. Today the swords are described as having been too soft and as having buckled or broken easily when used in battle. 21st century researchers say that by the 11th century, after the Russians blocked access to the Volga River, it became almost impossible for the Vikings to obtain the higher-quality steel that they used in making their swords.


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I have a figure in my paper (I am using IEEEtran package). After this figure there exists a space between the figure and the text. How can I reduce the size of this white space. To be specific the space is between the caption of the figure and the text of my paper. Any suggestions?
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3 Answers 3
This depends on the location of the float - if the float is at the top of the page, the gap between the caption and the text is \textfloatsep, while the gap for a float in the middle of the page is given by \intextsep.
From the layouts package documentation it is possible to see the lengths in terms of page/document float elements (p 21 onward):
enter image description here
Default for ieeetran are
 - \textfloatsep: 1.7\baselineskip plus 0.2\baselineskip minus 0.5\baselineskip
 - \intextsep: \baselineskip plus 0.2\baselineskip minus 0.2\baselineskip
and therefore depends on the choice of the default font (since that sets \baselineskip). The default pt-form is therefore
 - \textfloatsep: 20.4pt plus 2.4pt minus 4.8pt
 - \intextsep: 12.0pt plus 2.4pt minus 2.4pt
in the 10pt font size. The above includes some stretch/shrink. You can modify them using \setlength. For example,
\setlength{\textfloatsep}{\baselineskip plus 0.2\baselineskip minus 0.2\baselineskip}
would allow for between (roughly) 10pt and 15pt gap between the float and the text. Something like
would fix the distance to 5pt (without stretch/shrink).
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I'm having a huge space between the end of a paragraph and the beginning of the next one, I don't know the reason, I'm using IEEE trans template – Tak Jul 30 '13 at 3:42
_USER_: What do you have around these paragraphs? What float specifiers do you use for any floats around it? – Werner Jul 30 '13 at 3:52
I have a float after the end of the paragraph \begin{figure}[t] \begin{figure}[t] \centering { \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture] \node[mynode] (image2) {\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{avghist}}; \end{tikzpicture}} \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay] \end{tikzpicture} \caption{} \label{} \end{figure} \begin{figure*}[pht] {\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{squash3}}\caption{AA} \label{} \end{figure*} \begin{table*}[pht] \begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{@{}>{\hsize=0.8\hsize}X 2{>{\hsize=1.1\hsize}X}@{}} \toprule \bottomrule \end{tabularx} \caption{AAA} \label{} \end{table} – Tak Jul 30 '13 at 3:58
_USER_: Do you really have 2 figures (nested)? It's difficult to gauge what else might be the problem. – Werner Jul 30 '13 at 4:16
I have two figures then a table – Tak Jul 30 '13 at 4:20
If you do not want to modify the standard template and just want a quick fix for this, you may add the following command to your document preamble:
Then, you can use the command \squeezeup throughout your document for reducing the free space after/before figures, formulas, etc., as needed.
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You can use etoolbox package. Just set a \vskip with a negative value at the start (\BeforeBeginEnvironment or \AtBeginEnvironment) and at the end (\AfterEndEnvironment) of the environment figure.
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Your Answer


Sea otters hold hands while sleeping so they don't drift away from each other
How cute is the sea otter! They are a marine mammal which can be found on the coasts of the Northern Pacific Ocean and are the largest member of the weasel family. They have the densest fur in the whole animal kingdom, ranging from 250,000 to one million hairs per square inch. Now that's a lot of fur!
There are a lot of different interesting sea otter facts, but the most talked about is how sea otters hold hands when they sleep. So, why do they do this?

Sea otters will often float in groups (called rafts) whilst they eat, rest and sleep. A raft of otters can be anything from two otters to hundreds! And, whilst they are rafting, it is well known that they will all hold hands to stay together in their group. Also, the sea otter will use sea plants that grow from the ocean floor which they will wrap themselves up in, which helps keep them from drifting away.
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text:
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The Museum's Ethnographic Collection is composed primarily of artifacts produced by Utah Native American groups: Goshute, Navajo, Paiute, Shoshone and Ute, or are from neighboring tribes that had significant ties with the indigenous people of Utah. The earliest artifacts were collected in the 1890s and the most recent addition includes a modern Navajo basket collection acquired in 2009. Unlike archaeological collections that are obtained from excavation and survey, the ethnographic collections have grown through generous donations and the acquisition of significant private collections.
Beaded regalia and moccasins are perhaps the best known objects in the ethnographic collection. Other objects include blankets, rugs, clothing, masks, basketry, jewelry and historic pottery. Ethnographic collections are valuable not only as examples of modern material culture, but also as examples of continuity, or lack of continuity, between the prehistoric past and present-day Native American traditions. Important examples of continuing traditions include the Southwestern Kachinas, objects decorated with beads, pottery, basketry and many other important ethnographic pieces.
*Ethnology is the study of living or contemporary cultures, a branch of anthropology.


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I have seen that $x^{2}+x+1$ and $x^{4}+x+1$ are irreducible over $\mathbb{Z}_2$ and I thought a polynomial of the form $x^{2^m}+x+1$ for $m\ge3$ would be irreducible too. However using WolframAlpha, my hunch was wrong. It could be factored over $\mathbb{Z}_2$. WolframAlpha could only generate the factors for $m=3,\ldots, 13$ and so far, I observed that for odd $m$, my polynomial is divisible by $x^{2}+x+1$.
I want to see how one can show that $x^{2^m}+x+1$ for $m\ge3$ is reducible.
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4 Answers 4
up vote 12 down vote accepted
I will write $\mathbb F_2$ rather than $\mathbb Z_2$; here the $\mathbb F$ stands for "finite field" and the subscript is the number of elements in the finite field. This notation is convenient when one wants to consider larger finite fields, as I will in this answer.
The polynomial $x^2 + x + 1$ splits in the field $\mathbb F_4$ with $4$ elements; its two roots are the two elements of $\mathbb F_4$ that aren't in $\mathbb F_2$. Now if $\alpha \in \mathbb F_4$ then $\alpha^4 = \alpha$. Thus if $n = 2 m + 1 $ is odd, we have that $$\alpha^{2^{2m + 1}} = (\alpha^{4^m})^2 = \alpha^2,$$ and so $$\alpha^{2^{2m+1}} + \alpha + 1 = 0.$$ Consequently each of the two roots of $x^2 + x + 1$ is also a root of $x^{2^{2m+1}} + x + 1$ as well, which explains why $x^2 + x + 1$ divides $x^{2^{2m + 1}} + x + 1.$
To handle the general case of $x^{2^n} + x + 1$ (i.e. the case when $n$ is not necessarily odd) it helps to recall some Galois theory for finite fields. The key fact is that if $\alpha$ lies in any finite extension field of $\mathbb F_2$, namely some $\mathbb F_{2^f}$ for some $f \geq 1$, then the algebraic conjugates of $\alpha$ are all of the form $\alpha, \alpha^2,\alpha^4, \ldots.$ (This list will be finite, because --- assuming I chose $f$ minimally --- then $\alpha^{2^{f-1}} \neq \alpha,$ but $\alpha^{2^f} = \alpha$, and so $\alpha$ has exactly $f$ distinct conjugates over $\mathbb F_2$.)
Now suppose that $\alpha$ satisfies $$\alpha^{2^n} + \alpha + 1 = 0.$$ Adding $\alpha + 1$ to both sides (and remembering that $ 1 = - 1$ because we in characteristic $2$) we find that $$\alpha^{2^n} = \alpha+1.$$ Hence $$\alpha^{2^{2n}} = (\alpha^{2^n})^{2^n} = (\alpha + 1)^{2^n} = \alpha^{2^n} + 1 = (\alpha +1)+1 = \alpha$$ (using the facts that $(a+b)^2 = a^2 + b^2$ and $1 + 1 = 0$, which both hold in characteristic $2$).
So we see that the "$f$" for $\alpha$ is at most $2n$, i.e. $\alpha$ has at most $2n$ distinct algebraic conjugates over $\mathbb F_2$, and so its minimal polynomial over $\mathbb F_2$ has degree at most $2n$. Since $\alpha$ is a root of $x^{2^n} + x + 1$, this minimal polynomial divides $x^{2^n} + x + 1$. If $n \geq 3$, then $2n$ is strictly less than $2^n$, and so this minimal polynomial of $\alpha$ also has degree strictly less than that of $x^{2^n} + x + 1$. Thus when $n \geq 3,$ the polynomial $x^{2^n} + x + 1$ must be reducible.
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@ Matt E: How do show that polynomial $x^2+x+1$ splits in $\mathbb{F}_4$? – boj54 Mar 21 '11 at 14:10
_USER_ For instance $x^4 - x = \prod_{u\in\mathbb F_4} (x-u) = x(x+1)(x^2+x+1) $. – Myself Mar 21 '11 at 14:19
you could make it by definition. it's irreducible over $\mathbb{F}_2[x]$ so $\mathbb{F}_4\cong\mathbb{F}_2[x]/(x^2+x+1)$ – yoyo Mar 21 '11 at 14:19
@ Myself: I got it. Thanks. – boj54 Mar 21 '11 at 21:10
_USER_: Dear boj54, This was a typo, now fixed. Regards, – Matt E Mar 22 '11 at 5:08
I would like to present a solution that is completely different from Matt E's method. The starting point is the numerical observation (which I found with PARI) that when you factor $x^{2^n} + x + 1$ in ${\mathbf F}_2[x]$ the number of irreducible factors that occur for $n = 1, 2, 3,...,11$ is $$ 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 6, 10, 16, 30, 52, 94. $$ The striking thing about those numbers after the second one is that they are all even. The lesson here is that when you were looking at data to understand why these polynomials were usually reducible, you should not only have been looking for some "obvious" irreducible factor, but also at the number of irreducible factors. Without showing there is any one particular "obvious" irreducible factor I am going to explain why, for $n \geq 3$, $x^{2^n} + x + 1$ must have an even number of irreducible factors in ${\mathbf F}_2[x]$. That will show this polynomial is reducible in ${\mathbf F}_2[x]$, since an irreducible polynomial has only one irreducible factor.
In elementary number theory, there is a standard function which counts the parity of the number of prime factors of a positive integer. It's called the Möbius function and is defined as follows: for a positive integer $N$, $$ \mu(N) = \begin{cases} 0, & \text{ if } N \text{ has a multiple prime factor}, \\ (-1)^r, &\text{ if } N = p_1\cdots p_r \text{ where the } p_i\text{'s} \text{ are distinct primes}. \end{cases} $$ So $\mu(N) = 1$ if $N$ is a product of an even number of distinct primes (in particular, $\mu(1) = 1$ using $r = 0$) and $\mu(N) = -1$ if $N$ is a product of an odd number of distinct primes, while $\mu(N) = 0$ if there is some prime factor of $N$ appearing more than once (e.g., $\mu(12) = 0$ since 2 is a factor of 12 twice). So the Möbius function really only counts the parity of the number of prime factors of squarefree positive integers. For any prime $p$, $\mu(p) = -1$. Therefore if $\mu(N) = 1$ then $N$ is definitely not a prime number.
The catch with the Möbius function is that there's no known way to figure out what $\mu(N)$ is without essentially factoring $N$. Well, to be on the safe side, let me just say that if we know $N$ is squarefree, so $\mu(N) = \pm 1$, then figuring out whether $\mu(N)$ is $1$ or $-1$ can't be done without factoring $N$. Put simply, there is no formula for $\mu(N)$ other than its definition. (Of course, if you haven't seen the Möbius function before, then another catch is that it looks like a completely crazy function. Why is it significant? The reason is the Möbius inversion formula, in which the Möbius function plays a prominent role. One of its


text:
The influence of the academic conservation biology literature on endangered species recovery planning
Despite the volume of the academic conservation biology literature, there is little evidence as to what effect this work is having on endangered species recovery efforts. Using data collected from a national review of 136 endangered and threatened species recovery plans, we evaluated whether recovery plans were changing in response to publication trends in four areas of the academic conservation biology literature: metapopulation dynamics, population viability analysis, conservation corridors, and conservation genetics. We detected several changes in recovery plans in apparent response to publication trends in these areas (e.g., the number of tasks designed to promote the recovery of an endangered species shifted, although these tasks were rarely assigned a high priority). Our results indicate that, although the content of endangered species recovery plans changes in response to the literature, results are not uniform across all topics. We suggest that academic conservation biologists need to address the relative importance of each topic for conservation practice in different settings.
Stinchcombe, J; Moyle, LC; Hudgens, BR; Bloch, PL; Chinnadurai, S; Morris, WF
Volume / Issue
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)


In many instances, money that is passed down from one generation to the next is taxed heavily by the federal government, which can feel like an unfair burden for heirs. However, there is a way around this in the world of estate planning because of something called the generation-skipping transfer tax.
This article will explore what the generation-skipping tax is and how it works in the estate planning process.
What Is Generation-Skipping Tax?
A generation-skipping transfer (GST) is a legal way to transfer money or property to someone who is two generations below the grantor. It can be an inheritance or a gift, and it is a way to avoid double estate taxation when the grantor passes away.
Why Congress Approved the GST Exemption
The first version of this tax law was introduced in Congress in 1976 "to remedy the perceived abuse of using a trust to benefit several generations while avoiding federal estate tax during the term of the trust." Before this law, wealthy people could bequeath money to their grandchildren without paying federal taxes.
A revised generation-skipping transfer tax law was enacted in 1986, and now, it is established that a tax is only due when someone receives an amount in excess of the GST estate tax credit. Amounts in excess are assessed at a flat rate. Overall, the purpose of this exemption is to avoid being taxed once when money passes from grandparent to parent and then a second time later from parent to grandchild.
How the Generation-Skipping Tax Exemption Works
There are often changes to the exemption amounts, tax rate, and allocations for GSTT. Direct skips transfer directly to a skip person, such as when a grandparent writes a check to a grandchild. Direct skips can also happen upon death. There are exceptions for grandchildren whose parents have died before them, as the tax exemption does not apply to them since money is not skipping a generation.
GSTT Considerations for Estate Planning
Careful estate planning is necessary to help you make the most of your generation-skipping tax exemption and be able to pass the most amount of money possible to your heirs. However, it's important to note that a skip person does not necessarily have to be a grandchild and that any non-spousal family member who is at least 37.5 years younger than the transfer can be the recipient.
Setting Up a Generation-Skipping Transfer Trust
One option to consider is to set up a generation-skipping transfer trust to reduce the effects of the tax with a generational transfer. You can choose to put your assets in a trust, which can serve as the "skip person." This trust is a legally binding agreement and wealth-preservation tool that specifies assets to be passed down to your grandchildren rather than children, meaning that your children never have access to the assets.
Navigating the complexities of the GSTT is a challenge and best left to legal professionals who understand this tax law well and can make it work in your best interests. Contact Alatsas Law Firm for your estate planning needs in NYC to ask questions about the generation-skipping tax and the best way to set up a will or trust in your name.
We are standing by and ready to assist you in every way we can, so contact us today at _PHONE_.
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Two cases of chronic thyroiditis causing dyspnea
Yasuki Kamo, Ryo Asato, Ichiro Tateya, Ken Ichi Kaneko, Kazuhiko Shoji, Hisayoshi Kojima
研究成果: Article査読
抄録
We report two cases of chronic thyroiditis that caused dyspnea due to tracheal stenosis. The first patient was a 50-year-old male and the other was a 45-year-old female. Both patients complained of dyspnea. A CT scan demonstrated a diffuse large goiter and tracheal stenosis. They both had caught a common cold, and after that they complained of dyspnea. We performed a total thyroidectomy in the first patient, and a subtotal thyroidectomy in the second one. After the operation, in both cases, the tracheal compression and dyspnea disappeared. A thyroidectomy is useful for dyspnea that is due to tracheal stenosis and caused by chronic thyroiditis.
本文言語English
ページ（範囲）861-866
ページ数6
ジャーナルPractica Otologica
93
10
DOI
出版ステータスPublished - 2000
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
 - 耳鼻咽喉科学
フィンガープリント
「Two cases of chronic thyroiditis causing dyspnea」の研究トピックを掘り下げます。これらがまとまってユニークなフィンガープリントを構成します。
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California Outdoors Q&As
Carrie Wilson is a marine environmental scientist with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. While she cannot personally answer everyones questions, she will select a few to answer each week in this column. Please contact her at
Collecting Roadkill Raptors
Question: What are the rules concerning the use of birds of prey, such as owls, which have been killed by vehicles? I have found several in the local area which seemed to be dead along the side of the road but without evidence of damage to the body. My guess based on where they fell is they are "indirect roadkills." If I wanted to save these animals for taxidermy or another use, would I need some kind of documentation? If so, what sort of permit would I need? It would be simple to document the finds I have made photographically at the site, but preserving them for inspection later by California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) would be harder. Thanks for your help with this. (Ken Z., Visalia)
Answer: Under both state and federal law, it is not legal to collect or possess any species of bird that is protected under the U.S. Migratory Bird Treaty Act. This would include all raptors that have been killed by vehicles. There are permits available, under very specific circumstances that allow scientific or educational facilities to salvage these birds. Organizations that believe they may qualify for these permits would be required to obtain both a federal Salvage Permit and state Scientific Collecting Permit. More information on these permits can be found at and
Fishing license and second rod stamp
Question: I have a California sport fishing license but did not pay for the second rod stamp. When I am out ocean fishing on my boat, am I only allowed one rod? I thought since it was the ocean I can have two rods out, even if I did not pay for a second rod stamp. (Anonymous)
Answer: The second rod stamp is only required when fishing in freshwater with two poles. In the ocean, any number of poles and lines generally can be used, with some exceptions. For example, fishing for lingcod, rockfish, greenlings or cabezon is limited to one line with no more than two hooks. Also, when fishing in San Francisco Bay or when fishing for salmon north of Pt. Conception, only one rod/line may be used per person.
Other exceptions exist, such as when pier fishing - only two methods may be used. There are only a few exceptions like these, but I'd recommend reviewing the Gear Restrictions section of the Ocean Sport Fishing Regulations booklet and any regulations for the species you're pursuing to ensure you're following the law.
Legal to collect moon jellyfish for personal use?
Question: I am interested in collecting some moon jellyfish just for my personal use but want to be sure its legal. They would not be sold or traded. If legal, can I collect them under a basic fishing license or would I be required to have a marine collectors permit? (Tucker M.)
Answer: Moon jellyfish occurring outside the tide pool zone (1,000 ft. seaward from mean high tide) may be legally taken with a fishing license and the bag limit is 35 (California Code of Regulations Title 14, section 29.05 & 29.05(a)).
Crab pot dimensions?
Question: My son wants to build his own crab pot. I think it's a great project but I can't find any official size regulations. He already has line, buoys and bait containers. I found a web page that described a circular pot as measuring 42 inches in diameter, 14 inches deep and weighing 90 pounds. Are those the required dimensions? Can they be bigger/smaller? Any help is appreciated. (Anonymous)
Answer: As long as the trap has at least two rigid circular openings of not less than four and one-quarter inches inside diameter so constructed that the lowest portion of each opening is no lower than five inches from the top of the trap (CCR, Title 14, section 29.80 (c)), your son is free to construct a pot using any dimensions!
Santa Barbara Jr. High School Theater: The Beatles Slept Here


text:
The Ten Mile Creek State
Fish and Wildlife Area is located in southeastern Jefferson County and
the western sections of Hamilton County. Access to the site can be gained
from rural roads leading from Illinois Route 142 and Illinois Route 14.
The site provides a wide range of outdoor recreation opportunities which
include wildlife viewing, hiking, fishing, target shooting, hunting and
The 5,820 acres comprising
Ten Mile Creek were purchased in 1988, and approximately one third of
the site was strip mined for coal. These areas, all within Jefferson County,
have been reclaimed to varying degrees resulting in some areas being returned
to flat agriculture land and others to steeply sloped areas with many
ponds and lakes. The remainder of the site, which was not mined, is a
mixture of fields and forest bisected by small streams.
The site is divided into
four management units, each consisting of a main area and smaller scattered
tracts. Of these, the Eads Unit (1,550 acres) is located southwest of
the town of Belle Rive, and over 80% of this unit has been mined, which
has left a steep and rugged terrain containing many spoil ridges. Vegetation
has been established to stabilize the soil and provide cover for wildlife.
Next, the Belle Rive Unit (1,460 acres) is located east of Belle Rive,
of which nearly 60% has been strip mined. However, reclamation efforts
have resulted in a more even terrain including seven lakes. In addition,
this unit is bisected by Auxier Creek, and the bottomland areas have not
Of the management units located
in Hamilton County, both contain similar terrain with a level to rolling
topography covered by a mixture of farm fields and forest. The Dahlgren
Unit (1,120 acres) lies south of the village of Dahlgren, and it is bisected
by the Big Creek watershed. This unit contains both upland and bottomland
forest with small ponds in various locations. The Goshen Trail Unit (1,690
acres) is located four miles west of McLeansboro and contains a portion
of the Ten Mile Creek watershed.
The composition of this site
includes the habitat types of cropland (2,600 acres), open non-cultivated
areas (1,640 acres), forest (1,330 acres), and water (250 acres). Portions
of the cropland are enrolled in a tenant lease program to provide wildlife
food and cover and to maintain the fields in an open condition. Crop rotations
include corn, soybeans, wheat, grass-legume seedlings, and one or more
years of idle to conserve the soil and allow wildlife nesting to occur.
The open, non-cultivated areas are mostly mined with succession occurring
to various degrees. Some locations are mainly grassland, while others
are being invaded by brush and trees.
The forested areas consist
of many small woodlots, forested corridors, and fencerows. The largest
wooded area is near 100 acres in size. The composition of species depends
on the location of the forest and includes various oaks, hickories, elm,
cherry, cottonwood, willow, ash, and other species. In addition, old field
and pasture areas contain such species as sassafras and persimmon.
Of the water areas, there
are 25 strip pit lakes from 3 to 45 acres in size located in the Eads
and Belle Rive Units which offer the opportunity for boating and fishing.
Depths of these lakes can reach over 30 feet. Furthermore, small farm
ponds are scattered over the Dahlgren and Goshen Trail Units to provide
wildlife water sources, soil erosion control, and fishing opportunitites.
Fishing is a popular use
of Ten Mile Creek SFWA. Access to the strip pit lakes is provided by gravel
boat ramps and parking areas. The lakes contain populations of largemouth
bass, crappie, bluegill, and catfish. The site specific regulations for
this outdoor recreation include a 14 inch minimum length for bass and
a six per day creel limit for channel catfish. In addition, a 10 horsepower
motor limit is in effect for boating. Fisheries management includes population
surveys and control measures, control of aquatic vegetation, and fish
stocking. The small ponds of the Dahlgren and Goshen Trail Units are stocked
with largemouth bass, bluegill, redear, and channel catfish.
Another favorite activity
is wildlife viewing, especially on the portions that are designated as
Goose Refuge. These areas are closed to all access during the Canada Goose
hunting season to provide a place for migrating ducks and geese to rest
and feed. Management activities include the planting of various crops
as food sources and the construction of shallow water impoundments which
are managed to promote moist soil vegetation. During each fall and winter
tens of thousands of ducks and geese can be observed using the rest area.
Of the wildlife that inhabit
the site, the following species may be hunted in the appropriate season:
cottontail rabbit, bobwhite quail, mourning dove, geese, ducks, deer,
squirrel, turkey, and furbearers.
Special regulations apply to each species. In addition, a Quality Deer
Management program is conducted on the Belle Unit which restricts the
harvest to certain types of deer. All necessary information on regulations
is provided with the hunting permit. Trapping of furbearers through the
use of water sets is also allowed through a seperate permit. For more
Other recreation opportunities
exist at the Hand Trap Range (shotgun use only), Archery Range, and Rifle
Range, all of which are located in the Goshen Trail Unit. Use of the Rifle
Range requires an annual permit which includes the regulations and restrictions.
Equally important, a hiking trail, which menaders through an area of upland
forest, is located in the Goshen Trail Unit.
Ten Mile Creek State Fish
& Wildlife Area is located on IL Rt. 14 east of Benton, IL From I-57,
take exit #71 (Benton) and travel east on IL Rt. 14 a distance of 18 miles
to the site office located on the north side of the highway.
- While groups of 25 or
more are welcome and encouraged to use the park's facilities, they are required
to register in advance with the site office to avoid crowding or scheduling
- At least one responsible
adult must accompany each group of 15 minors.
- Pets must be kept on
leashes at all times.
- Actions by nature can
result in closed roads and other facilities. Please call ahead to the park
office before you make your trip.
- We hope you enjoy your
stay. Remember, take only memories, leave only footprints.
- For more information
on tourism in Illinois, call the Illinois Department of Commerce and Community
Affairs' Bureau of Tourism at 1-800-2Connect.
- Telecommunication Device
for Deaf and Hearing Impaired Natural Resources Information _PHONE_
for TDD only Relay Number _PHONE_.


text:
Chart of the Day
In yet another triumph of Science™, a remarkably large group of researchers has discovered that it's a bummer when your candidate loses a presidential election:
While past studies have shown that men's testosterone levels differentially change in response to winning or losing an interpersonal dominance contest, the present study provides novel evidence showing that vicarious victory and defeat via democratic elections has similar physiological consequences for male voters as do interpersonal dominance contests.
Basically, the researchers asked a bunch of undergrads to collect saliva samples throughout the evening of November 4 ("participants used a stick of sugar-free chewing gum to facilitate collecting up to 7.5 mL of saliva in a sterile polypropylene vial and discarded the gum," in case you're interested). The chart on the right shows what happened: after 8 pm, when John McCain's fate was sealed, testosterone levels among men who supported him plummeted. Among women, nothing happened.
Put this together with the capuchin monkey experiment (which, sadly, yielded no interesting charts to post) and then ask yourself just how much difference a few million years of evolution makes. Answer: not nearly as much as we'd like to think.


There's a Crack in my Window. Should I be Worried?
Windows can be a truly stunning part of a house. The beautiful views they allow you to enjoy and how they reflect from the outside can add character to a home in a way that few other features do. That makes it all the more troubling if you happen to notice a crack in your window. It may be small now, but you may not be able to help the nagging voice in the back of your head asking if you should be more concerned about it.
What Causes a Cracked Window?
It's essential to understand what can cause cracks in windows. Though imperceptible, window glass will expand and contract with temperature fluctuations. Usually, that isn't enough to cause problems, but if your window is weakened, it can cause stress cracks. So can repeatedly shutting your windows too forcefully, for that matter. Objects impacting windows can cause them to chip and crack or even break altogether. Pressure cracks are uncommon, but they do happen and are often due to weather extremes.
Monetary Problems
Cracked glass cannot insulate your home correctly. It will let warm air out during cold months and fail to keep the cool air in during the hot ones. These drafts mean your heating and cooling systems have to work that much harder to keep your home at a comfortable temperature. If your system works harder, it's pulling more power. That, in turn, means that you're going to be paying a lot more for your electricity than you need to be. Beyond that, it can allow condensation to enter your home, causing damage to your window frames and potentially promoting mold growth. You'll need to foot the bill for the repairs, all of which can be avoided by having the broken glass repaired or replacing the glass altogether.
Security Problems
No one ever thinks they'll run afoul of a thief, but the reality is that no one is immune to being robbed. If a would-be thief notices a crack in your window, your home becomes a much more vulnerable target. Remember that thieves are looking for easy targets. Homes with whole windows, visible security, and reliable locks are less inviting to criminals. They are more likely to be passed over in favor of something more comfortable to break into. If you have a crack in your window, take steps to secure it to discourage would-be criminals from targeting your home. Better yet, have it repaired or replaced to eliminate the problem.
Safety Problems
Even a single crack in a single-window can pose a safety hazard. Shards and slivers of glass can break free from a damaged window and land on the floor or windowsill. From there, it's easy for them to become embedded in a hand or a foot where they can become irritating and painful. Because of the sheer nature of glass, tiny slivers can be challenging to find and remove. As the damage worsens and spreads, the danger becomes more significant too. It's essential to have the cracked or broken glass repaired or replaced before someone gets hurt. In the meantime, cover the inside and outside to prevent people from touching it. Applying masking tape over the crack can help prevent pieces of glass from falling out. Leave the window closed to avoid damaging it further.
What to Do About a Cracked Window
If your window is cracked, it's essential to address it now rather than later. Broken glass is fragile glass, and it will only get worse. Depending on your local conditions, it may not take much at all to go from a tiny crack to a full-blown broken window. It's possible to replace a damaged pane of glass, though that may only be a temporary solution. Your best bet is to have the window professionally replaced, so you have a perfectly intact, strong glass window.
Cracked windows can be a big deal. They can cause monetary, security, and even safety problems. Understanding what causes cracked windows can help you reduce the risk of yours cracking again. Just as importantly, you need to know what to do when you have a cracked window. If you notice a crack in any of your windows, take action to prevent it from becoming worse later.


Can You Remote Start A Manual Car?
Starting a manual car from a remote location is possible, but there are a few things you need to know before you can do it.
First, you'll need to have a remote starter installed on your manual car. Once you have a remote starter, you can use it to start your car from a distance of up to a few hundred feet.
To start your car remotely, you'll need to press the remote start button on your remote starter.
Can You Remote Start A Manual Car?
This will send a signal to your car that will cause it to start the engine. Once the engine is running, you can use the remote to turn on the headlights, turn on the radio, or do anything else that you would normally do while driving.
One thing to keep in mind is that you should never leave your car running unattended.
If you do, you run the risk of someone stealing your car or damaging it. Always make sure to turn off the engine and lock the doors before you walk away from your car.
 - The following steps outline how to remote start a manual car: 1
 - Park the car in a safe, level area
 - Locate the manual transmission dipstick and remove it
 - Insert the key into the ignition and turn it to the "on" position
 - Press and hold the remote start button for three seconds
 - Release the button and the car should start
CAN YOU REMOTE START A MANUAL TRANSMISSION CAR??
Remote start for manual transmission near me
As the weather begins to cool off, many people are looking for ways to make their mornings a little easier.
A remote start for your car can be a great way to do this, and it's something that's becoming more and more popular.
However, if you have a manual transmission, you may be wondering if there are any options for you.
The good news is that there are indeed remote start options available for manual transmission cars.
This can be a great way to get your car started from the comfort of your home or office, and it can make those cold mornings a little bit easier.
There are a few things to keep in mind if you're considering a remote start for your manual transmission car.
First, you'll want to make sure that your car is neutral when you start it. If it's not, you could damage your transmission.
Second, you'll want to be sure to use a remote start that's specifically designed for manual transmission cars.
These systems are usually a little bit different, and they'll have different instructions for use.
If you're interested in a remote start for your manual transmission car, be sure to do your research and find a system that's right for you.
With a little bit of planning, you can make those cold mornings a little bit easier.
Remote start manual transmission mustang
If you're looking to add a remote start to your manual transmission Mustang, there are a few things you need to know.
First, you'll need to purchase a remote start system that's specifically designed for manual transmissions.
There are a few different types on the market, so do your research to find the one that best suits your needs.
Once you have your remote start system, the installation process is relatively simple. However, it's always best to consult with a professional installer to make sure everything is done correctly.
Once your remote start is installed, you'll be able to enjoy the convenience of being able to start your Mustang from afar.
Just make sure to never leave your car running unattended, as this could be a safety hazard.
And, of course, always follow the manufacturer's instructions when using your remote start system.
Compustar remote start manual transmission
Compustar remote starters are one of the most popular options on the market, and for good reason.
They offer a wide range of features and options, making them a great choice for just about any vehicle. But what if you have a manual transmission?
Can you still use a Compustar remote starter? The short answer is yes, you can still use a Compustar remote starter on a manual transmission vehicle.
However, there are a few things you need to keep in mind.
First, you need to make sure that your vehicle is equipped with a manual transmission mode.
This is a safety feature that prevents the engine from starting unless the transmission is in the proper position.
Next, you need to be aware of the fact that a Compustar remote starter will not actually start the engine of your vehicle.
It will only turn on the accessories, such as the radio and the air conditioner. You will need to manually start the engine of your vehicle once the Compustar remote starter has been engaged.
Finally, you need to be sure to engage the parking brake before using the Compustar remote starter.
This is a safety precaution that will prevent your vehicle from moving when the engine is started.
Keep these things in mind and you'll be able to use your Compustar remote starter on a manual transmission vehicle without any issues.
Remote start for manual transmission jeep
If you're in the market for a remote start for your Jeep, there are a few things you need to know.
First, most remote starts will not work with a manual transmission. This is because starting the car without the key in the ignition can cause serious damage to the transmission.
Second, even if you find a remote start that is compatible with a manual transmission, you need to make sure it is properly installed.
Improper installation can also damage your transmission. If you're set on getting a remote start for your Jeep, we recommend that you take it to a professional who can properly install it.
If you're not comfortable with that, then be sure to do your research and make sure you understand the risks before you attempt to install it yourself.
How much does it cost to install remote start on a manual car?
If you're looking to add a remote start to your manual car, it's going to cost you. On average, you can expect to pay between $150 and $500 for the entire project.
This includes the cost of the remote start unit, as well as any necessary installation fees.
Of course, the final cost will depend on a number of factors, including the make and model of your car, as well as the specific remote start unit you choose.
In some cases, you may be able to find a remote start unit that's specifically designed for your car, which can make the installation process a bit easier (and cheaper).
No matter what, though, you can expect to pay somewhere in the ballpark of $150 to $500 to add a remote start to your manual car.
So if you're looking to save some money, you might want to consider another option.
Can you put a remote start on any car?
If you're considering installing a remote start in your car, you're probably wondering if it's possible to do so on any car.
The answer is yes, you can put a remote start on any car, but there are a few things you need to take into account before you do.
First, you need to make sure that your car is compatible with a remote start system.
Most newer cars are, but if you have an older car, you'll need to check with the manufacturer to see if it's possible.
Second, you'll need to decide which type of remote start system you want to install. There are two main types:
1. A system that uses your car's existing key fob.
2. A system that uses a separate remote. Each has its own set of pros and cons, so you'll need to decide which is best for you.
Finally, you'll need to have the remote start system installed by a professional.
This is not a job that you should attempt yourself, as it's important that the system is installed correctly to avoid any problems.
Once you've taken all of these factors into account, you'll be able to enjoy the convenience of a remote start system in your car.
Can you put a remote start on a manual Jeep?
If you're looking to add a remote start to your manual Jeep, there are a few things you need to know.
First, you'll need to find a remote start kit that's compatible with your Jeep model. There are a few different types of remote start kits on the market, so it's important to do your research to find the right one for your Jeep.
Once you've found a compatible kit, the next step is to install it. This can be a bit tricky, as you'll need to wire the remote start system into your Jeep's electrical system.
If you're not comfortable doing this yourself, it's best to take your Jeep to a professional for installation.
Once your remote start kit is installed, you'll be able to enjoy the convenience of being able to start your Jeep from afar. No more fumbling with keys in the cold or heat!
Conclusion
If you're asking yourself whether you can remote start a manual car, the answer is most likely no.
Many remote starters are designed to work with automatic transmissions, so starting a manual car with a remote starter may not be possible.
However, there are a few ways to get around this.
One way is to install a manual transmission remote starter, which is designed to work with manual cars.
Another way is to install a universal remote starter, which can be programmed to work with any car.


text:
- (US) IPA: /ləˈbɛːɡ ˈɪntəɡrəl/, /ləˈbɛːɡ ˈɪntəɡrl̩/
Lebesgue integral (plural Lebesgue integrals)
- (analysis, singular only (the Lebesgue integral) and countable) An integral which has more general application than that of the Riemann integral, because it allows the region of integration to be partitioned into not just intervals but any measurable sets for which the function to be integrated has a sufficiently narrow range. (Formal definitions can be found at PlanetMath).
- The Lebesgue integral is learned in a first-year real-analysis course.
- Compute the Lebesgue integral of f over E.
Last modified on 19 June 2013, at 18:42


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I have a blog on wordpress and I need to center an object. What is the easiest way?
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You want CSS, not PHP. – drudge Feb 9 '11 at 0:41
4 Answers 4
up vote 0 down vote accepted
You would actually use HTML and CSS to do that. :)
 YOUR OBJECT HERE
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You don't center objects using PHP. You position them using CSS. Read this for further info.
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You cannot do layout with PHP, it is for programming logic. To do layout you use CSS and HTML. To center text you can use the text-align tag that jdhartley showed above. To center a block like a table or div you use the following CSS:
.centered {width:950px; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;}
Bunch of stuff to be centered
The width can be anything, but you do have to set it. It can be a percent like 90% or a pixel width.
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PHP is just a scripting language that performs data manipulation and such. You process that information and output HTML (usually.) Something you can do is just close the PHP and drop some HTML into it like this:
HTML Stuff
alternatively you can do it all in PHP like:
$output = 'HTML Stuff
echo $output;
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Archive for July, 2006
Tabbed Python editing with PythonCard
July 31st, 2006 by Sjan Evardsson
While I have been partial to IDLE for developing Python I recently came across on SourceForge while looking for some help building a Python GUI. While PythonCard has plenty of tools and examples to help with GUI construction, it was the Tabbed Code Editor that really got my attention.
One thing that I look for in any development environment is the ability to open mutiple files in tabs. While IDLE is extremely useable, it lacks this feature. And yes, there are other tabbed IDE's that can parse Python syntax, but none of them seem to do as good of a job as IDLE.
While I can't claim that the PythonCard tabbed editor is as good IDLE in terms of hinting and code completion, (at least as far as Python builtins) it does a rather decent job of that for objects/scripts that are imported.
While I may or may not end up actually building Python GUIs with it, PythonCard has definitely found a permanent place in my toolbox.
Music from chaos
July 15th, 2006 by Sjan Evardsson
A conversation with a coworker the other day got me thinking about ways to make our "noodling" a reality. We were trying to come up with a way to generate random music (defined by octave, step, and duration), while maintaining harmonic relevance. (In other words, we want to create music, not noise.)
We decided we should start with the following propositions:
 - limiting the tones to a pentatonic scale
 - limiting the octave range to that audible to humans
 - limiting the duration of tones to a maximum of one or two whole notes
Beyond that, the discussion turned to how to generate the random values. Since I have been reading about the history of Nonlinear Dynamics (chaos) lately, my first thought was, of course, to generate the values for octave, step and duration by using a set of non-linear equations. So, of course, the first choice would have to be the Lorenz "butterfly" equations.
So, the plan is to calculate the values, convert them to MIDI values and write them out to a file using Python. Since the outcome of the equations relies on the starting conditions (Sensitive Dependence on Initial Conditions – also called the "Butterfly Effect" ) we thought that we could use starting values such as the current Temperature, Barometric Pressure and Humidity, or perhaps Date, Time and processs number, or counting Buicks, Chevys and Fords in the parking lot. Pretty much any 3 starting numbers.
China's Firewall Breached
July 5th, 2006 by Sjan Evardsson
Researchers from the University of Cambridge computer laboratory have announced that they were able to successfully bypass the restrictions of China's firewall, and found a DOS vector at the same time.
Richard Clayton, (UC computer lab) explained that when a keyword is found in a packet. the routers let the traffic through, but send resets to both sides of the connection. Ignoring those injected reset packets at both ends is trivial and renders the firewall completely ineffective.
On the other side of the coin, since the firewall uses stateless packet inspection to search for keywords, a forged packet containing one of these keywords, with a source and destination IP belonging to say, a Chinese goevernment website and a Chinese embassy somewhere, would effectively cut off all communication between those two endpoints for up to an hour. Unless, of course, they are also bypassing the firewall and (by doing so) the restrictions placed by the government they represent.


text:
Problems With Welding Zinc Coated Surfaces
Zinc melts at 420°C and boils at 907°C. Steel melts at around 1400°C. You can see then how trying to weld a part consisting of both steel and a zinc coating will cause the zinc coating to vaporise. This is an occupational health hazard because the welder risks breathing in this vaporised zinc. It also means that you do not benefit from the zinc coating in the area that you have welded and the surrounding zinc plating is likely to also be degraded.
Metal Fume Fever
Metal fume fever is an industrial disease caused by inhaling welding fume. Perhaps the most common or most well known cause of metal fume fever is welding zinc coated articles (zinc plating, galvanised, zinc spray etc.). The acute symptoms of metal fume fever are usually similar to flu or other lung related discomfort. While the flu-like symptoms often only last for a few days, exposure to welding fume can cause long-term damage or increase susceptibility to other illnesses.
We recommend that anyone undertaking welding (regardless of whether zinc coatings are involved) should consult an occupational hygienist. Welding can produce many hazardous substances and employers have a duty to assess and control these risks under the COSHH Regulations. The British Occupational Hygiene Society is the professional body for occupational hygienists/industrial hygienists in the UK.
Reducing The Hazard
To reduce the hazard posed by welding, we recommend that parts are welded before they are zinc plated. However, we realise that this is not always possible. If a surface has already been coated with zinc, then we recommend removing the zinc before welding. You can locally remove an area mechanically or we can remove the coating from the entire part using our hydrochloric acid pickle. If you only locally remove the zinc, then be careful to make sure that surrounding areas do not get too hot.
If you are determined to weld on to zinc coated surfaces, then you should ensure that you use suitable local exhaust ventilation (LEV). When considering LEV engineers, you should look for ILEVE membership as a mark of competency. Drinking milk before welding is not a valid COSHH control and will not protect welders. The HSE publishes information on illness caused by welding fume.
This page is provided for information only, it should not be considered advice and we cannot accept any responsibility or liability for your use of the information on this page. The information on this page is used and relied on at your own risk and you bear the sole responsibility for any outcomes. E&OE.