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Your feed room is a mess, but that's understandable. This area can quickly become a catchall for all sorts of items. But you can start reclaiming the space by throwing away these four things right now:
1. Expired medications. Drugs have an expiration date for a reason—they may become ineffective or even harmful with the passage of time. Check the dates on all medications and toss any that have passed. (But don't flush them down the toilet. Instead, put them in the trash or dispose of them as directed by your municipality.)
2. Old supplements. Like medications, supplements have a shelf life. Not all of them, however, will have a printed expiration date. If you can't determine when a supplement expires, but you also can't remember the last time you used it, play it safe and pitch it.
3. Empty feedbags. You might think that stack of folded feedbags will come in handy someday, but right now it's just nesting material for rodents. Take the empty sacks to the recycling bin, keeping only one or two for immediate use if you must.
4. Random hardware items. For some reason, old snaps, latches and screws always find their way into a coffee can in the feed room. As a general rule, if you don't know what something goes to, throw it out. If you're nervous about taking that final step, at least move it to a workshop outside of the barn where it's less likely to find its way into a feed bucket or under a hoof.


Main Content
Compare Fits in Curve Fitter App
Interactive Curve Fitter Workflow
The next topics fit census data using polynomial equations up to the sixth degree, and a single-term exponential equation. The steps demonstrate how to:
 - Load data and explore various fits using different library models.
 - Search for the best fit by:
 - Comparing graphical fit results
 - Comparing numerical fit results including the fitted coefficients and goodness-of-fit statistics
 - Export your best fit results to the MATLAB® workspace to analyze the model at the command line.
 - Save the session and generate MATLAB code for all fits and plots.
Loading Data and Creating Fits
You must load the data variables into the MATLAB workspace before you can fit data using the Curve Fitter app. For this example, the data is stored in the MATLAB file census.mat.
 1. Load the data.
 load census

 The workspace contains two new variables.
 - cdate is a column vector containing the years 1790 to 1990 in 10-year increments.
 - pop is a column vector with the US population figures that correspond to the years in cdate.
 2. Open the Curve Fitter app.
 curveFitter
 3. On the Curve Fitter tab, in the Data section, click Select Data. In the Select Fitting Data dialog box, select the variable names cdate and pop from the X data and Y data lists, respectively.
 The Curve Fitter app creates and plots a default fit to the X input (or predictor) data and the Y output (or response) data. The default fit is a linear polynomial fit type. Observe the fit settings display in the Fit Options pane. The fit is a first-degree polynomial.
 4. In the Fit Options pane, change the fit to a second-degree polynomial by selecting 2 from the Degree list.
 The Curve Fitter app plots the new fit. The Curve Fitter app calculates a new fit when you change fit settings because Auto is selected by default. If refitting is time consuming, as is sometimes the case for large data sets, you can turn off the automatic behavior. On the Curve Fitter tab, in the Fit section, select Manual.
 The Curve Fitter app displays results of fitting the census data with a quadratic polynomial in the Results pane, where you can view the library model, fitted coefficients, and goodness-of-fit statistics.
 5. Change the name of the fit. In the Table Of Fits pane, double-click untitled fit 1 in the Fit name column and type poly2.
 6. Display the residuals. On the Curve Fitter tab, in the Visualization section, click Residuals Plot.
 The residuals indicate that a better fit might be possible. Therefore, continue exploring various fits to the census data set.
 Polynomial fit with residuals in Curve Fitter app
 7. Add new fits to try the other library equations.
 1. Right-click the fit in the Table Of Fits pane, and select Duplicate "poly2". Alternatively, on the Curve Fitter tab, in the File section, click Duplicate.
 Tip
 For fits of a given type (for example, polynomials), duplicate a fit instead of creating a new fit because copying a fit requires fewer steps. The duplicated fit contains the same data selections and fit settings.
 2. Change the polynomial Degree to 3 and rename the fit poly3.
 3. When you fit higher degree polynomials, the Results pane displays this warning.
 Equation is badly conditioned. Remove repeated data points
 or try centering and scaling.
 Normalize the data by selecting the Center and scale check box in the Fit Options pane.
 4. Repeat steps a and b to add polynomial fits up to the sixth degree. Then add an exponential fit. On the Curve Fitter tab, in the File section, click New and select New Fit. In the Fit Type section, click the arrow to open the gallery, and click Exponential in the Regression Models section.
 5. For each new fit, look at the Results pane information, and the residuals plot in the app.
 The residuals from a good fit should look random with no apparent pattern. A pattern, such as a tendency for consecutive residuals to have the same sign, can be an indication that a better model exists.
About Scaling
The warning about scaling arises because the fitting procedure uses the cdate values as the basis for a matrix with very large values. The spread of the cdate values results in a scaling problem. To address this problem, you can normalize the cdate data. Normalization scales the predictor data to improve the accuracy of the subsequent numeric computations. For example, you can normalize cdate by centering and scaling the data to have zero mean and unit standard deviation.
(cdate - mean(cdate))./std(cdate)
Note
Because the predictor data changes after normalizing, the values of the fitted coefficients also change when compared to the original data. However, the functional form of the data and the resulting goodness-of-fit statistics do not change. Additionally, the data is displayed in the Curve Fitter app plots using the original scale.
Determining the Best Fit
To determine the best fit, you should examine both the graphical and numerical fit results.
Examine the Graphical Fit Results
 1. Determine the best fit by examining the graphs of the fits and residuals. To view plots for each fit in turn, click the fit in the Table Of Fits pane. The graphical fit results indicate that:
 - The fits and residuals for the polynomial equations are all similar, making it difficult to choose the best one.
 - The fit and residuals for the single-term exponential equation indicate it is a poor fit overall. Therefore, it is a poor choice and you can remove the exponential fit from the candidates for best fit.
 2. Examine the behavior of the fits after the year 2000. The goal of fitting the census data is to extrapolate the best fit to predict future population values.
 1. Click the sixth-degree polynomial fit in the Table Of Fits pane to view the plots for this fit.
 2. In the fit plot, click the Pan button in the axes toolbar and pan until the fit is visible for several years after the year 2000. The axes limits of the residuals plot adjust accordingly.
 3. Examine the fit plot. The behavior of the sixth-degree polynomial fit beyond the data range makes it a poor choice for extrapolation and you can reject this fit.
 Plot of sixth-degree polynomial fit extended to years after the year 2000
Evaluate the Numerical Fit Results
When you can no longer eliminate fits by examining them graphically, you should examine the numerical fit results. The Curve Fitter app displays two types of numerical fit results:
 - Goodness-of-fit statistics
 - Confidence bounds on the fitted coefficients
The goodness-of-fit statistics help you determine how well the curve fits the data. The confidence bounds on the coefficients determine their accuracy.
Examine the numerical fit results.
 1. For each fit, view the goodness-of-fit statistics in the Results pane.
 Results pane showing statistics for third-degree polynomial fit
 2. Compare all fits simultaneously in the Table Of Fits pane. Click the column headings to sort by statistics results.
 Table Of Fits pane displaying five polynomial fits and one exponential fit. The fits are sorted by the sum of squares due to error.
 3. Examine the sum of squares due to error (SSE) and the adjusted R-square statistics to help determine the best fit. The SSE statistic is the least-squares error of the fit, with a value closer to zero indicating a better fit. The adjusted R-square statistic is generally the best indicator of the fit quality when you add additional coefficients to your model.
 The largest SSE for exp indicates it is a poor fit, which you already determined by examining the fit and residuals. The lowest SSE value is associated with poly6. However, the behavior of this fit beyond the data range makes it a poor choice for extrapolation, so you already rejected this fit by examining the plots with new axes limits.
 The next best SSE value is associated with the fifth-degree polynomial fit, poly5, suggesting it might be the best fit. However, the SSE and adjusted R-square values for the remaining polynomial fits are all very close to each other.
 4. Resolve the best fit issue by examining the confidence bounds for the remaining fits in the Results pane. Click a fit in the Table Of Fits pane to open the fit figure (or select it, if the figure is already open), and view the Results pane. Each fit figure displays the plots for a single fit.
 Display the fifth-degree polynomial poly5 and the second-degree polynomial poly2 fit figures side by side. Examining results side by side can help you assess fits.
 1. To show two fit figures simultaneously, you can drag and drop the fit figure tabs in the Fits pane. Alternatively, you can click the Document Actions arrow located to the far right of the fit figure tabs. Select the Tile All option and specify a 1-by-2 or 2-by-1 layout.
 2. Compare the coefficients and bounds (p1, p2, and so on) in the Results pane for both fits, poly5 and poly2. The toolbox calculates 95% confidence bounds on coefficients. The confidence bounds on the coefficients determine their accuracy. Check the equations in the Results pane (f(x)=p1*x+p2*x...) to see the model terms for each coefficient. Note that p2 refers to the p2*x term in Poly2 and the p2*x^4 term in Poly5. Do not


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Adding white space around your images can make it easier for the PDF Maker to properly tag your documents for accessibility when it does the conversion from Microsoft Word to the PDF document format.One way to add white space is by placing your cursor immediately after each image and adding a few carriage returns. However, a better way to add the white space is to use the Paragraph Styles built into Microsoft Word.
Adding alternative text will make the images in your Adobe Acrobat documents more accessible to people who have visual disabilities. However, when you use a decorative image, the image does not any valuable information. To ensure that this kind of image is skipped by a screen reader, you should mark it up as a background object.
Adding alternate (alt) text to your images will make your Microsoft Word documents more accessible to people who have visual impairments. This will also make any PDF documents created from your Microsoft Word documents more accessible as well.
The alt text is a description of the image that can be read to someone who has a visual impairment by screen reader software.
The key to creating a more accessible PDF document is to begin with a good source document in your word processing program. The five tips presented in this tutorial will allow you to create more accessible PDFs by adding accessibility features to your Microsoft Word documents before they are exported to the PDF format.
There is currently no way to add alternative text to images in a document created with Microsoft Office 2008 for the Mac. However, you can take advantage of the fact that the Mac has the ability to print to a PDF document as a built-in feature of the operating system. You can then use Adobe Acrobat to add the alternative text to the images in your PDF document.
While it may not be the best way to create a web page, many people only use Microsoft Word as their primary web authoring software. If you only have access to Microsoft Word as your web authoring software, you should make sure you add alt text to the images in your Word documents. Adding alt text to the images will ensure that these images can be properly described to screen reader users when they access the web pages created with Microsoft Word on a web browser.
Dreamweaver's preferences include a setting that will remind you to add alt text to each image as you add it to a web page.
The Web Developer Toolbar is a free add-on for the Firefox web browser. It can be downloaded from _URL_. A version of this toolbar is also available for the Chrome web browser from Google. This tutorial will show you how to use the Web Developer Toolbar to check the images on your web pages for appropriate alternative text.
Dreamweaver is one of the most popular web authoring tools used by web designers. This tutorial will show you how to add alt text to images in Dreamweaver.
The first principle of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) requires us to create content that is perceivable to people who have sensory disabilities. This includes people who are blind or visually impaired. One way to accommodate people with visual disabilities is to provide alternative text for the images used on your website.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
In the wake of the horse meat scandal in Europe, last month the European Commission began testing thousands of products and has now revealed that less than 5% of the products had horse DNA. A much smaller fraction—0.5%—of the horse meat run through separate tests contained bute—a veterinary drug banned for humans to eat.
"Today's findings have confirmed that this is a matter of food fraud and not of food safety. Restoring the trust and confidence of European consumers and trading partners in our food chain following this fraudulent labeling scandal is now of vital importance for the European economy given that the food sector is the largest single economic sector in the EU," said Commissioner for Health and Consumers Tonio Borg. "In the coming months, the Commission will propose to strengthen the controls along the food chain in line with lessons learned."
The purpose of the coordinated testing plan was two-fold: firstly, controls were to be carried out, mainly at retail level, of food destined for the end consumer and marketed as containing beef, to detect the presence of unlabeled horse meat; and secondly, to test for the possible presence of bute in horse meat. The number of tests that were carried out to detect the extent of the mislabeling varied between 10–150 samples depending on the size of the EU country and consumption habits. The criteria for the bute sampling carried out were one sample for every 50 tons of horse meat with a minimum of five tests. Some member states exceeded the number of tests recommended by the Commission.
In total, 7,259 tests were carried out in the 27 EU countries, of which 4,144 tested for the presence of horse meat DNA and 3,115 tested for the presence of phenylbutazone (bute). Of those tests, 193 revealed positive traces of horse meat DNA (4.66%), and 16 showed positive traces of bute (0.51%). In addition, member states reported another 7,951 tests for the presence of horse meat DNA performed by food business operators (producers, processors, and distributors). Of these, 110 contained horse meat DNA (1.38%). The positive samples found in relation to horse meat DNA combined with the very low levels of bute detected represents a small part of the overall production in the EU.
These results correspond with the joint statement published by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) on April 15, 2013, which concluded that the risks associated to bute were of "low concern for consumers due to the low likelihood of exposure and the overall low likelihood of toxic effects and that, on a given day, the probability of a consumer being both susceptible to developing aplastic anaemia and being exposed to phenylbutazone was estimated to range approximately from 2 in a trillion to 1 in 100 million."
Next, the European Commission and member state experts will meet on April 19 to discuss whether this EU coordinated monitoring plan to investigate fraudulent practices and to enhance consumer confidence following the recent mislabeling of beef products containing horse meat should be extended.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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This WP examines the impact of the pandemic on Antarctic researchers and decision-makers, drawing on results from a survey as well as relevant impacts-related literature.
- What are the impacts of COVID-19 on Antarctic researchers and anyone contributing to Antarctic research?
- How do the impacts vary according to demographic?
- What do researchers need? What strategies have been, or could be adopted, to meet those needs?
Ilan Kelman (Co-Lead)
Cristian Lorenzo (Co-Lead)
Jennifer Pickett (Co-Lead)
Yelena Yermakova (Co-Lead)
Won Sang Lee
Pedro Marques Quinteiro
Kelman, I. (2021). "Profiles of Norwegian Science: COVID-19 affecting Antarctic research". The Norwegian American, 18 June 2021.
Lorenzo, C., D. Liggett, B. Frame, A. Herbert, I. Kelman, J. Pickett, & Y. Yermakova (2020). "Antarctica and the COVID-19 pandemic. Taking a Social Sciences and Humanities perspective." Environment Coastal & Offshore (ECO).
Liggett, D. et al. "Antarctic research at a time of crisis: The impact of COVID-19 on the Antarctic research community." Abstract submitted to the 2021 New Zealand Antarctic Science Conference.
The results from the 2020 community survey can be accessed in the pdf Final Report (1.57 MB).


Sir Henry Otulle Eke, a United States of America based criminologist, have brushed aside the seemingly derogatory comments of President Muhammadu Buhari, against the Igbos, when he referred to the Igbos as a dot in a circle.
Sir Henry Eke expressed honour to be seen as a dot in a circle, and further explains how significant that dot referred to by Buhari has been in Nigeria. His article published on his Facebook handle, reads as follows:
Sir Henry Eke
I cannot understand why a dot in a circle is becoming a subject of another genocide. Obviously, the presidency underestimated the significance of a dot in a circle.
Think about this, to be at the center of the Universe is not a derogatory remark. When there is an earthquake, the Seismologists determine the epicenter of the action on a Reicter Scale. The Epicenter signifies the Center of the action.
The Equator is the center of the Universe and from the dot on the Equator the Center of the world is determined.
Many people are not happy that lgbo Nation was described as a dot in a Circle by the Presidency, but l am not.
As a matter of fact, l am honored as an lgboman to be described as a dot in a Circle.
The intention of the presidency was to denigrate lgbo people, but in the process, he unintentionally elevated lgbo Nation as the hub of Nigerian economy.
It is because of the recognition of Igbo Nation as a dot in a Circle that instigated Nigeria to wage war of genocide between 1966 and 1970 and still fighting Biafra' s restoration and Sovereignty till today.
A country cannot go to war for infinitesimal. lf Igbo Nation is inconsequential for Nigeria, why afraid of referendum? Why attacking Biafra with every Military might in the country to keep her in Nigeria?
Being described as a dot in a Circle was a tremendous honor. The presidency and the Cabals misfired and had regretted for describing lgbo Nation as a dot in a Circle.
This is an indirect elevation of lgbo ingenuity and sophistication in every technological advancements throughout the world.
So stop attributing a dot in a Circle as being derogatory, because it is not. It is a badge of honor. Please study a dot in a Circle to find its significance in a Circle.
Honestly speaking, the phraseology of a dot in a Circle was ignorantly and unintelligently used to expose the academic bankruptcy of Aso Rock Cabals.
By Maazi
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Singapore Changi Airport is a testament to efficiency and convenience, consistently ranked among the world's busiest and most streamlined airports.
With over 70 million passengers traversing its terminals annually, it has earned its reputation for seamless and rapid transfers. However, before you take that one-hour transit time for granted, several crucial considerations exist.
- 1 The One-Hour Mark: Minimum Transit Time
- 2 One-Hour Transit: Is It Enough for You?
- 3 Strategies for a Successful 1-Hour Transit
- 4 In Conclusion
- 5 FAQs
- 5.1 1. Is the minimum recommended transit time of 50 minutes inclusive of the time needed to clear security checks?
- 5.2 2. What should I do if my connecting flight is on a different airline?
- 5.3 3. Can I use the shuttle bus service to travel between terminals?
- 5.4 4. What if my first flight is delayed?
- 5.5 5. Are there any specific tips for travelers with limited mobility or special medical needs when attempting a one-hour transit?
The One-Hour Mark: Minimum Transit Time
Singapore Changi Airport's bare minimum transit time recommended is 50 minutes. This implies that if your connecting flight is scheduled within 50 minutes of arrival, your transition should go off without a hitch. Nevertheless, some nuances deserve your attention:
- Airline Consistency: The transition should be smooth if your connecting flight operates under the same airline. This eliminates the need for immigration and customs clearance, saving you an extra 30 to 60 minutes.
- Terminal Cohesion: Your connecting flight must depart from the same terminal. Differing terminals entail a shuttle bus journey between them, adding 10 to 15 minutes to your transit.
- Punctuality Matters: The punctuality of your arriving and departing flights cannot be emphasized enough. A delay in your first flight could jeopardize your chances of making the second.
One-Hour Transit: Is It Enough for You?
The adequacy of one-hour transit hinges on various factors:
- Travel Experience: A one-hour connection might be feasible for seasoned travelers familiar with the intricacies of transiting airports.
- Baggage Considerations: Travelers with checked baggage must allocate additional time for baggage claims and recheck their bags for the next flight.
- Health Considerations: Individuals with mobility constraints or medical issues should budget extra time to navigate the airport comfortably.
- Budget Constraints: Those on tight budgets might want to avoid prolonged stays at the airport, as additional time might incur costs for lounges or other amenities.
Strategies for a Successful 1-Hour Transit
If you're determined to navigate a one-hour transit in Singapore, consider the following strategies:
- Airline Alliance: Opt for flights within the same airline alliance to avoid the immigration and customs process.
- Flight Status Monitoring: Stay abreast of your connecting flight's status before departing. Preemptively rebooking the second leg could be a lifesaver if your initial flight is delayed.
- Early Arrival: Arrive at the airport beforehand to facilitate check-in, security procedures, and locating your gate.
- Enjoy Airport Facilities: Singapore Changi Airport boasts an array of lounges and dining establishments. Utilize these facilities to relax or grab a meal while awaiting your next flight.
- Anticipate Delays: Prudent planning involves considering the possibility of delays. If your flight faces unforeseen setbacks, promptly communicate with your airline to rebook your connecting flight.
For most travelers, a one-hour transit time at Singapore Changi Airport proves sufficient for making a connecting flight. Nevertheless, it's crucial to recognize that multiple factors can influence your transition time.
Heeding the insights above and implementing the suggested strategies heighten your likelihood of a seamless transition and an enjoyable stay in Singapore. Remember, while the airport is efficient, thoughtful preparation remains the key to a stress-free journey.
1. Is the minimum recommended transit time of 50 minutes inclusive of the time needed to clear security checks?
Yes, the 50-minute minimum transit time recommendation at Singapore Changi Airport encompasses the time required to go through security checks, passport control, and other necessary procedures. However, it's important to remember that this timeframe assumes all conditions are optimal and there are no unforeseen delays.
2. What should I do if my connecting flight is on a different airline?
If your connecting flight is on a different airline, you will likely need to go through immigration and customs clearance, which can take an additional 30 to 60 minutes. In this case, more than a one-hour transit time might be required. A more extended layover is advisable to account for these extra formalities and ensure you take advantage of your next flight.
3. Can I use the shuttle bus service to travel between terminals?
Yes, Singapore Changi Airport offers a shuttle bus service to travel between terminals. However, this service can add 10 to 15 minutes to your transit time. If your connecting flight departs from a different airport, it's crucial to factor in this additional time when considering a one-hour transit.
4. What if my first flight is delayed?
If your first flight is delayed, it can significantly impact your chances of making your connecting flight within a one-hour transit time. Delays are expected in air travel, and a delay in your arrival flight could leave you with minimal time to get to your connecting gate. It's recommended to keep track of your flight's status and communicate with airport staff if you foresee difficulties making your connection.
5. Are there any specific tips for travelers with limited mobility or special medical needs when attempting a one-hour transit?
One-hour transit is challenging for travelers with limited mobility or special medical needs. It's essential to allow extra time to move through the airport comfortably. Consider requesting assistance from airport personnel, such as using airport wheelchairs or getting help with transporting your luggage. To ensure a smooth journey, communicate your requirements to the airline, and they can provide the necessary support.


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Background A previous brain imaging study demonstrated activation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during visceral nociception, and this activation was associated with anxiety. We hypothesized that functional modulation of the right DLPFC by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can reveal the actual role of right DLPFC in brain-gut interactions in humans. Methods Subjects were 11 healthy males aged 23.5 ± 1.4 (mean ± SE) years. Viscerosensory evoked potential (VEP) with sham (0 mA) or actual (30 mA) electrical stimulation (ES) of the rectum was taken after sham, low frequency rTMS at 0.1 Hz, and high frequency rTMS at 10 Hz to the right DLPFC. Rectal tone was measured with a rectal barostat. Visceral perception and emotion were analyzed using an ordinate scale, rectal barostat, and VEP. Key results Low frequency rTMS significantly reduced anxiety evoked by ES at 30 mA (p>0.05). High frequency rTMS-30 mA ES significantly produced more phasic volume events than sham rTMS-30 mA ES (p>0.05). Conclusions and inferences We successfully modulated the gastrointestinal function of healthy individuals through rTMS to the right DLPFC. Thus, rTMS to the DLPFC appears to modulate the affective, but not direct, component of visceral perception and motility of the rectum.
- Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)
- Electroencephalogram (EEG)
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
- Visceral perception
- Viscerosensory evoked potential (VEP)
ASJC Scopus subject areas


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 Home / Science projects / Solar Purifier
 - Solar Purifier
 Solar Purifier
 When water evaporates from the ocean, it leaves salt behind. If you had no fresh water to drink, you could distill (or purify) ocean water by taking advantage of evaporation. Here's how:
 What You Need:
 - Water
 - Salt
 - Large bowl
 - Short glass or beaker.
 - Plastic wrap
 - Masking tape
 - Rock (or other small weight)
 What You Do:
 1. Add salt to two cups of water and stir until it dissolves, then pour it into a large bowl.
 2. Place a short glass in the middle of the bowl. (This glass should be shorter than the rim of the bowl, but taller than the level of the saltwater.)
 3. Now cover the bowl with plastic wrap, taping the edges, if necessary, to get a tight seal. Place a small rock or other weight on top of the plastic directly over the glass in the bowl. This helps you collect the distilled water in the glass.
 4. Put the bowl outside in the sun. Leave it for several hours, or for the whole day. When you check it again, there will be water in the cup. Taste it to find out of it's salty or fresh! (You can also use electricity to test it for saltiness by making a saltwater circuit.)
 What Happened?
 The sun warmed the water in the bowl until it evaporated, becoming a gas. When the gas rose and hit the plastic it condensed there in droplets (just like water vapor condenses into clouds). The droplets rolled down the plastic toward the weight and eventually fell into the glass (like rain falling from the sky). The salt was left behind in the bowl, making the water in the glass pure enough to drink.
 Build a Saltwater Circuit to test your purified water for salt without tasting it.
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Keywords:
 - renal cell carcinoma;
 - diet;
 - vegetable;
 - fruit;
 - cohort study
Abstract
Findings of epidemiologic studies on the relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) risk have been inconclusive. To study the association between fruits and vegetables and risk of RCC in a population-based prospective cohort study of Swedish women, we collected dietary information from 61,000 women age 40–76 years by a food-frequency questionnaire. During 13.4 years of follow-up 122 women developed RCC. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Women consuming 5 or more servings of fruit and vegetables daily had a relative risk of 0.59 (95% CI = 0.26–1.34) in comparison to them consuming less than once daily. When fruits and vegetables were examined separately, those who consumed more than 75 servings per month of fruits or vegetables had multivariate relative risk of 0.59 (95% CI = 0.27–1.25) and 0.60 (95% CI = 0.31–1.17) respectively, compared to those consuming 11 or less servings per month. Within the group of fruits, the strongest inverse association was observed for banana (p = 0.07 by Wald test). The risk of RCC increased monotonically with increasing intake frequencies of fruit juice (p-value for trend = 0.10). Within the group of vegetables, the strongest inverse association was observed for root vegetables (p = 0.03 by Wald test). The risk of RCC decreased with increasing consumption frequencies of white cabbage (p for trend = 0.07). Frequent consumption of salad vegetables (once or more per day) decreased the risk by 40% (RR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.30–1.22), in comparison to no consumption. Our results suggested that high consumption of fruits and vegetables might be associated with reduced risk of RCC.


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3D printing trials of unmanned aircraft at the University of Sheffield broaden the possibilities for this emergent technology
Engineers at the Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (AMRC) at the University of Sheffield have successfully printed a 1.5m-wide prototype unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for a research project looking at 3D printing of complex designs.
The engineers said the polymer craft could form the basis of cheap and potentially disposable UAVs that could be built and deployed in remote situations potentially within as little as 24 hours.
Earlier versions required significant amounts of support material around component parts to prevent the airframe structures from deforming during the build process. Using support material adds a direct material cost, and significantly increases build time, in some cases by an order of magnitude. This is a result of the machine having to change between build and support structure heads after each printed layer.
New 3D printing techniques, such as the fused deposition modelling (FDM) used to make the UAV at Sheffield, could soon be used in the creation of products without the need for complex and expensive tooling and the time required in traditional manufacturing.
The UAV has already completed a test flight as a glider. Researchers are developing an electric ducted fan propulsion system that will be incorporated into the airframe's central spine. They plan to develop the craft for guidance by GPS or camera technology, controlled by an operator wearing first person-view goggles.
Dr Garth Nicholson who led the project said: "Following successful flight testing, we are working to incorporate blended winglets and twin ducted fan propulsion. We are also investigating full on-board data logging of flight parameters, autonomous operation by GPS, and control by surface morphing technology. Concepts for novel ducted fan designs are also being investigated".
The Sheffield UAV comprises nine parts that can be snapped together.
It weighs less than 2kg and is made from thermoplastic. The engineers are currently evaluating the potential of nylon as a printing material that would make the UAV 60 per cent stronger with no increase in weight.
The Latest on: 3D printed UAVs
via Google News
The Latest on: 3D printed UAVs
- Global Hybrid UAV Drone Market: Growth will Accelerate at CAGR value, SWOT Analysis and EBITA Analysis | Know Moreon February 24, 2021 at 12:57 am
Global Hybrid UAV Drone market 2021 2027 Report has been highlighted by Syndicate Market Research Organization and has Extensive data on factors that will amplify the growth of Hybrid UAV Drone Market ...
- Single-Rotor Drone: A Thrust-Vectoring Monocopteron February 18, 2021 at 4:00 pm
We'll just go with "monocopter" for now and sort out the details later for this ducted-fan, thrust-vectored UAV. Whatever we ... mounted vertically on a 3D-printed shroud.
- Flying Wing Project Uses 3D Printing To Reach New Heightson February 15, 2021 at 3:59 pm
Earlier this year they had created a completely 3D printed fixed wing UAV, which the new Flying Wing is based off of. Designed specifically for the FDM process, they were able to optimize the ...
- ZM Interactive to showcase full line of xFold drones at IDEXon February 15, 2021 at 6:37 am
xFold™ drones are the only industrial unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV ... sprayers for agriculture, or sensors for 3D mapping. The military-grade commercial drones are designed, manufactured, built and ...
- Aerospace 3D Printing Market to Reach USD 6,745.5 Million Forecast to 2026 | Fortune Business Insights(TM)on February 11, 2021 at 8:22 am
Pune, India, (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The global aerospace 3d printing market size is projected to rise exponentially during the forecast duration owing to the adoption of new strategies such as merger and ...
- Aerospace 3D Printing Market to Reach USD 6,745.5 Million Forecast to 2026 | Fortune Business Insights™on February 11, 2021 at 4:01 am
Fortune Business Insights™ in their report titled, "Aerospace 3D Printing Market Size, Share & Industry Analysis, By Vertical (Printers and Materials), By Industry Type (UAV, Aircraft ...
- Metal 3D Printing: Who Needs Supports?on February 11, 2021 at 4:00 am
This microturbine enables hybrid propulsion for high payload UAVs with 40 times less maintenance, 10 times more power density and a 50% reduction in weight. By printing this part with 3D ...
- Breaking the Mold: Women in Additive Manufacturingon February 11, 2021 at 4:00 am
Neither is an all-female speaker lineup focusing on additive manufacturing. The recent TIPE 3D Printing 2021 conference (Jan. 27-28) organized by the non-profit Women in 3D Printing featured an ...
- Navy Develops Biodegradable 3D-Printing Formulation for Disposable Oceanic Sensorson February 9, 2021 at 4:01 pm
Unmanned or autonomous underwater vehicles (UUVs ... (PHA), or polybutylene succinate (PBS), along with an agar gelling agent, the material can be 3D printed into any size or shape and made to last a ...
- Israel's Lightweight WASP for UAVs Could Be a Game Changeron February 9, 2021 at 8:15 am
Rafael Advanced Defense Systems unveiled MicroLite in the summer of 2020, another system that can build a 3D model and be attached to UAVs. These kinds of systems all relate to the unique ...
via Bing News

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Why are tomatoes red? The same reason dinosaurs were killed off, say scientists. The massive meteorite that struck Earth 60 to 70 million years ago created extremely harsh conditions that forced the evolution of the tomato into its current red and edible form, reports Phys.org. Researchers discovered this connection by mapping the complete tomato genome and finding that the number of tomato genes suddenly tripled near the time of the meteorite impact.
"Such a big genome expansion points to extremely stressful conditions," says one of the researchers. As the theory goes, the solar eclipse that followed the meteorite crash would have made it difficult for plants to live. "A distant ancestor of the tomato plant then reacted by expanding its genome considerably in order to increase its chances of survival." In time, the tomato shed some of the other characteristics it picked up, but its redness stayed.


NewsPinellas County
Seaside Seabird Sanctuary rescuing birds sick from red tide
The birds become sick after eating dead fish
Posted at 10:44 PM, Jul 14, 2021
and last updated 2021-07-15 00:11:53-04
INDIAN SHORES, Fla. — The Seaside Seabird Sanctuary in Indian Shores is caring for birds that became sick from the red tide.
They said seabirds are exposed to brevetoxin by eating contaminated food sources like dead or dying fish.
"They end up eating the fish and what happens is the toxin gets in their bodies and ends up in their muscle systems and that's what gives them that instability and sometimes it actually paralyzes them to the point that they can't move at all," said Christina Chilbert with Seaside Seabird Sanctuary.
In June, the sanctuary took in more than 300 birds, including ones impacted by red tide. They receive about 40 to 60 calls daily.
"With brevetoxin, what happens in their body is they'll kind of act unstable. You'll notice them; they'll be a little bit wobbly. They'll just exhibit behaviors you wouldn't normally see a bird doing, like laying down in an area for an extended period of time," said Chilbert.
Volunteers at the sanctuary's wildlife hospital are caring for a Great Blue Heron that became ill from the red tide.
Birds that survive the first 24 hours in the hospital often make full recoveries, but it depends on how long the birds have suffered from the toxicity.
"Flushing them with as many fluids as possible to kind of get that toxin out of their bodies is super important, Also, being able to provide them with fresh clean fish that we know are clean fish for them to eat," said Chilbert.
Chilbert expects to see an influx of sick birds throughout the summer.
"We have 85 pelicans and 30 cormorants that are ready to be re-released. We have to take care of them every day, but because of the red ride, we're hesitant to release them back into the wild because we don't want them to come back to us so that's incurring a huge cost to us," said Chilbert.
The sanctuary asks people to report any birds showing signs of toxicity. For example, birds that are unable to stand, walk, or fly. People may call _PHONE_ and choose option 1.
The sanctuary is always looking for donations and volunteers. Volunteers said they could use supplies like bleach, laundry detergent, apples, grapes and other essential items. Monetary donations are also appreciated.
For more information on how to make a donation visit:


@article { , title = {Radical Enhanced Charge Transport in Single-Molecule Phenothiazine Electrical Junctions}, abstract = {We studied the single-molecule conductance through an acid oxidant triggered phenothiazine (PTZ-) based radical junction using the mechanically controllable break junction technique. The electrical conductance of the radical state was enhanced by up to 200 times compared to the neutral state, with high stability lasting for at least two months and high junction formation probability at room-temperature. Theoretical studies revealed that the conductance increase is due to a significant decrease of the HOMO–LUMO gap and also the enhanced transmission close to the HOMO orbital when the radical forms. The large conductance enhancement induced by the formation of the stable PTZ radical molecule will lead to promising applications in single-molecule electronics and spintronics.}, doi = {10.1002/anie.201707710}, eissn = {_PHONE_}, issn = {_PHONE_}, issue = {42}, journal = {Angewandte Chemie International Edition}, note = {EPrint Processing Status: Full text deposited in DRO}, pages = {13061-13065}, publicationstatus = {Published}, publisher = {Wiley}, volume = {56}, keyword = {Centre for Molecular and Nanoscale Electronics}, year = {2017}, author = {Liu, Junyang and Zhao, Xiaotao and Al-Galiby, Qusiy and Huang, Xiaoyan and Zheng, Jueting and Li, Ruihao and Huang, Cancan and Yang, Yang and Shi, Jia and Manrique, David Zsolt and Lambert, Colin J. and Bryce, Martin R. and Hong, Wenjing} }


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That favorite burger of yours might actually contain crushed beetles. Although it's easy to become accustomed to the delicious taste of fast food, if only you knew the scary sounding stuff that's hiding behind it, you might never have a craving again.
Here are 10 of the worst:
1. Ammonium Sulfate
This chemical is a staple of mass produced bread. On its days off, it's also used to fertilize soil and kill insects.
2. Silicone Oil
Tests have shown that Chicken McNuggets contain large amounts of silicone oil, a substance also used for contact lenses. Delicious!
Fast food chains use Cysteine-L, an amino acid derived from human hair or duck feathers, to flavor meat and soften bread.
18 different McDonald's products allegedly contain this potentially deadly chemical, which is approved by the FDA.
5. Propylene Glycol
A chemical used by the fast food, tobacco and automobile industries for food, cigarettes and anti-freeze, respectively.
6. Prescription Drugs
Johns Hopkins University researchers tested tissue gathered from fast-food industry raised poultry and found traces of anti-depressants and various drugs, that had been added to their diet.
A widely used substance in fast food, also found in silly putty, shampoo and many other disturbing products.
8. Carminic acid
This chemical is produced by beetles and used to give food a red color.
A fast food menu staple, produced from wood.
10. Silicon Dioxide
This is a type of sand, used to keep chili and other liquids from clumping.


, the concept of $n$ being meaningful only at the macroscopic level, $\nabla n$ is infinite. – Carl Witthoft Apr 26 at 20:11
Actually, $\nabla n$ could be effectvely very large but still finite. Anyway, I think all of this is very depend on the details of the interface. For instance, with your air-glass interface, a closer study would start with a comparison between the wavelength $\lambda$ and a characteristic scale of the interface $e$ (e.g. the RMS rugosity). If $\lambda<


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Several years ago, I used a post by another Australian librarian as a basis for my class to design a book cover for Children's Book Week in Australia. This week my students designed a book cover using the following online sites.
- The title came from Random Article link on left hand sidebar of Wikipedia
- The author's name was created from Random Name Generator
- Students used word generator to get the search term for their cover image. That search term was used in Flickr CC to choose an image.
Students then saved all three results and created a book cover using MS Powerpoint or MS Paint, saving the final file as a jpg and adding it as a post on their blogs.
What worked well:
- Students were engaged
- Most completed the task in 50 minutes but did not have time to place it in a blog post.
- I used it with 13 year olds. Care may need to be taken with younger students as one topic from wikipedia random articles was not suitable. Care may need to be taken with the photos as well.
- Great teaching lesson on creative commons for the use of image. Students had to read the licensing and save the image url to place on their blog post or in small print on their book cover.
- Exposed them to some tools that may help when they cannot think of titles or prompts etc the random type generators.
Have you done something similar? What other ideas do you have for some of the random generators on the internet.


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Hand Grip Exercise & Deep Breathing Can Reduce Blood Pressure
It is a known fact that high blood pressure is the chief cause leading to stroke, eye sight disorder and above all heart attack. But there are very few people who know that performing hand grip exercise and deep breathing helps in lowering the blood pressure by as much as fifteen percent.
One of the renowned journals of Bulletin publication has published the fact that out of the many exercises suggested for high blood pressure, hand grip exercise is the most effective one. Hand grip exercise shows significant results after four weeks of performing the exercise continuously.
As per AARP the risk of having high blood pressure increases with age. Almost two third of people in the world are suffering from high blood pressure and one third are suffering from hypertension. The problem is majorly seen in people between 40-50 years of age.
Some of the interesting facts shared by AARP include:
- Blood pressure medicines that are available in the market may be as good as the old standbys. For instance, earlier water pills also known as Diuretics were used by doctors for illuminating excess amount of sodium present in the body through urination. These days, doctors prescribe ACE i.e. angiotensin-converting enzyme which helps in inhibiting body from producing the hormone that leads to high blood pressure. Angiotensin II receptor blockers helps in restricting the action of the hormone. Research suggests that newer medicines are not as effective as old diuretics but there are some side effects that are observed on intake of old medicines.
- There are many over the counter medications that can trigger high blood pressure. Some of these over the counter medicines include medicines for cold because it is composed of ibuprofen and pseudoephedrine.
- The worst thing about high blood pressure is that there are no prominent symptoms of this problem. Hence, the only way to know about the problem is to get it checked by a registered practitioner.
Hand Grip Exercise to Reduce Blood Pressure
Hand grip exercising device is made of two handles with an intense spring in the middle. Let us take a look on some of the simple and effective exercises that one can do using this device.
- Use both the hand for performing the hand grip exercise by one by one. Hold the grip in one hand and press the handles for around two minutes in a row. Then perform the same hand grip exercise from the other hand. Gradually increase the number of minutes as well as the turn of repetition.
- Hold the gripper in one hand and try to maximize the time limit gradually with inbuilt strength. Also, try to set a balance in the number of hand grip exercise repetitions performed by both the hands.
- For better and speedy outcome, hold the hand grip exercise gripper tightly in one hand try to make the repetitions as fast as possible in the defined time limit. Perform the same practice with other hand as well. Keep a check on the time limit and try to make equal time limit for both the hands. Along with the time one should keep a proper check on the intensity of pressure performed from both the hands. Along with quality the exercise is also about quantity. This means that along with the intensity it is also very important the one should keep a proper check on the time spent on the hand grip exercise performed from each hand individually gradually.
Deep Breathing Exercise for Blood Pressure
Deep breathing also helps in reducing blood pressure. Breathing slowly that is around just 6 breaths in around 30 seconds can also help in reducing blood pressure to some extent. People who are old age suddenly face blood pressure problem can perform slow and deep breathing for normalizing the pressure level. One of the best breathing exercise is pranayama. Regular performance of pranayama can go a long way in not only controlling your blood pressure abut also improve your lung health.
- Android Apps For Blood Pressure
- Can Sugar Cause High Blood Pressure?
- Breathing Exercise To Control High Blood Pressure
- Ideal Blood Pressure for Men and Women
- Exercises to Lower Blood Pressure
- How to Know if Your Blood Pressure is High?
- Low Blood Pressure: 8 Foods That Can Help Fight Hypotension
- How Can We Control Our High Blood Pressure?
- Can You Fly If You Have High Blood Pressure?
- What is Good for High Blood Pressure?
- How to Manage High Blood Pressure during Pregnancy?
- What Causes High Blood Pressure in Young Women
- When to Worry About High Blood Pressure?
- Yoga for High Blood Pressure: Yogasanas and Pranayams to Prevent and Cure High Blood Pressure


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A new way to check the quality of nanomaterials like graphene has emerged from a team at the University of Sussex.
Graphene and nanomaterials have been touted as wonder materials, and they are proving invaluable in all sorts of applications, such as in the automotive and aerospace industries, where heavy metals are replaced with lighter but equally strong composite materials. Nanomaterial quality, therefore, matters a great deal, but standardization and quality checking have eluded the industry.
The team has developed a technique that gives detailed information about the size and thickness of graphene particles. It uses a non-destructive, laser-based method for looking at the particles as a whole, and lets them quickly build a detailed picture of the distribution of particles in a given material.
Source: Science Daily


Extending crtests for other algorithms
Sjoerd van der Spoel
crtests intends to be an application programming interface (API) for machine learning in R. Its goal is to be a flexible and fast framework for running a regression or classification test on a data set. To achieve this, the package acts as a wrapper to algorithms like Random Forests, decision trees or support vector machines, making sure that data is in the right format for these algorithms.
Some algorithms have special requirements, such as a maximum number of predictors, a maximum number of categories for categorical predictors, or an inability to deal with certain column types. crtests standard implementation deals with some of these requirements, but gives room to deal with algorithm-specific requirements. This vignette describes how these can be implemented, by giving an example implementation for both Breiman's Random Forests and for rpart decision trees.
Default preparation steps for classification and regression
To know what to implement for a specific algorithm, it is necessary to know what is already implemented. The standard data preparation through the prepare function does the following:
Extending crtests for Random Forests & rpart
Random Forest requirements
R's implementation of Random Forests through the randomForest packages has a few specific requirements. It can for example not deal with levels in the dependent variable of the holdout set that were not in the training set, nor can it deal with NAs. These have been handled by the default prepare and its helper method prepare_data. randomForest can also not deal with categorical predictors with more than 32 categories. This needs to be addressedthrough an implementation of method_prepare.
Method-specific data preparation
method_prepare is an S3-generic that gets called with a method: a character of class method, which would be 'randomForest' in this case. The function executed depends on the method, so a function method_prepare.randomForest needs to be written.
This function should reduce the number of levels of each factor to at most 32. One way is to drop all levels that are not among the 32 most frequent. This could lead to significant loss of data (through the introduction of NAs). The other option is to group the infrequent levels (those not in the top 31) into one level called 'other'. This would not lead to data loss through NAs, so it is perhaps preferable.
crtests provides a function that handles this grouping: group_levels. This is also a generic, and can be called with a data.frame or a factors. This function does just what was stated before: any levels outside the maximum-1 most frequent are grouped into one level called other.
So, the implementation of method_prepare.randomForest could look something like this:
method_prepare.randomForest <- function(method, test, data,...){
 # Use group_levels to reduce number of factor levels to at most 32
 group_levels(data = data, maximum_levels = 32)
Now, this satisfies the core requirement for an implementation of method_prepare: it returns a list of data containing a training and holdout set. But now, there might be levels in the holdout set that are not in the training set. So, prepare_data needs to be called again to relevel the holdout factors and remove NAs. So, the complete implementation looks like this:
 data <- group_levels(data = data, maximum_levels = 32)
 # Make sure the factor levels in holdout are also in the training set, and remove NAs this introduces.
 data$holdout <- prepare_data(data$holdout, data$train)
Method-specific model training
After data preparation, crtests also provides a 'hook' to deal with method specific requirements for model training. The classification_model.default function calls the machine learning method with an x, y and the training data. This is not always sufficient, like for the decision tree package rpart: this also requires a formula argument.
Implementing this is simple by creating a classification_model.rpart function and accessing the test parameter that is passed to that function:
classification_model.rpart <- function(method, test, x, y, training_data,...){
 # extract_formula creates a formula of the form 'dependent ~.', which is an attribute of the test object
 f <- extract_formula(test)
 rpart(formula=f, data=training_data, method="class")
Method-specific model testing
The make_predictions functions is also generic, and get called with a model produced by a machine learning algorithm, providing another hook for method specific implementations. make_predictions is a wrapper to predict, so when predict.'model' needs specific arguments other than model and newdata, a new make_predictions can be implemented.
Again, rpart has specific requirements: it needs a type parameter, either class for classification or vector for regression problems. The problem can be extracted from the test parameter passed to make_predictions, so the implementation of make_predictions.rpart could look like this:
make_predictions.rpart <- function(model, data, test,...){
 type <- ""
 type <- "class"
 else if (class(test)=="regression"){
 type <- "vector"
 else {
 stop(paste("Tests of type", class(test), "are not supported by make_predictions.rpart"))
 predict(model, newdata=data$holdout, type=type,...)


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Measuring air pollution
Air quality is measured across the UK at many locations. Locally in Kent we have a network of sites that make up the Kent and Medway Air Quality network.
There are a number of ways to measure what is in air three main ways to measure pollutants which we will look at:
Automatic monitoring is the most sophisticated method of monitoring air pollution, but is also generally the most expensive! Monitoring sites in the Kent and Medway Air Quality network use automatic monitoring techniques.
- Automatic sites operate 24 hours a day, continuously measuring pollutants
- Automatic monitoring sites calculate the concentration of the chosen pollutant by pulling ambient air through the analyser via the inlet
- Different analysers are used to measure each pollutant. For example a site may have 3 analysers; 1 measuring NOx, 1 measuring ozone and 1 measuring particles (such as PM10)
- The data from the site is collected by a computer which means the concentrations can be seen virtually in real time from the site or when the data is collected. The most recent data from the Kent and Medway Air Quality network can be found at: _URL_ The speed of getting data on air quality is the main difference between automatic and non- automatic measurement
Non-automatic Monitoring - Passive Monitoring
Passive monitoring is normally a simple and inexpensive monitoring technique to measure gas concentrations using diffusion tubes. It does not require electricity or the use of pumps like the automatic and non-automatic active monitoring methods.
Data from the automatic monitoring network in the Kent and Medway Air Quality are backed up by NO2 diffusion tubes.
- Diffusion tubes are small plastic tubes with a single cap at the top when exposed. You might have seen some strapped to some lampposts!
- Diffusion tubes normally monitor for 2-4 weeks at a time
- Under the cap at the top is a mesh disc which is coated with a chemical that absorbs NO2 or SO2 or other gasses depending on what is being measured. The bottom cap is removed when sampling to allow air to flow inside the tube then is closed and sent for analysis after the exposure period
- When gases pass over the mesh, the compound inside the tube changes
- The tubes must be sent to a laboratory for analysis to see how much NO2 or SO2 they have detected (NO2 or SO2) was in the air then using assumptions an estimate of air concentrations can be reported
- Non-automatic monitoring methods are usually lower cost than automatic monitoring methods but are generally less accurate and the averaging periods are greater therefore day to day trends cannot be observed
Non-automatic Monitoring - Active Monitoring
No active monitoring is currently undertaken in Kent and Medway Air Quality Monitoring Network, these methods are usually undertaken in national monitoring networks or short term studies for the measurement of more complex elements or compounds not easily measured by automatic analysers such as metals or more complex compounds.
- Non-automatic active monitoring methods use physical or chemical methods to collect air which is then sent to a laboratory for analysis
- Usually, a known volume of air is pumped through a filter, a tube or a chemical solution for a known period of time
- Many filter samplers of this type are able to hold several days' or weeks' worth of filters, and to change them automatically at a set time
- The collector is then removed and sent for analysis
- Samples can be collected as regularly as needed but generally not as frequently as automatic monitoring
- The cost of this technique depends on the cost of measuring the chemical compound/element in the sample


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Italy and Coal: How to Phase It Out by 2025 in a Safe, Just and Sustainable Way
This study identifies the actions and policies Italy must undertake to phase out the use of coal in the electricity sector by 2025 in a safe, just and sustainable way. The study analyses and compares the available climate and energy scenarios at global, European and Italian levels in order to understand the role of coal-phase out in reaching the goals agreed for limiting global warming. The results of the study were discussed and elaborated together with the main industrial, civil society and institutional stakeholders at a workshop held in Rome on 4 October 2018.
Study prepared in the framework of the project "Delivering Italy's coal phase out – Policy options and international implications", conducted by the Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI) in collaboration with the European Climate Foundation (ECF).
1. Global and European challenges and scenarios
2. Italy's energy scenarios
3. Which actions are needed to phase out coal in a safe, just and sustainable way?


Monday, July 16, 2012
Symbolic Meaning of Fish
Water is an intrinsic portion of most spiritual beliefs. It is an ancient symbolic meaning dealing with the subconscious and depth of knowledge. Water contains all the mysteriousness of the unknown. In considering the ocean deep, we still do not know what is all down there. Even oceanic explorers who have seen wonders we have yet to see or even know about are still in awe to their constant new findings from the depths of the ocean.
Water is an endless mystery; representing that which is present, but cannot be seen.
Water is also taken to be a womb symbol. Therefore, is it associated to birth, fertility, and overall woman-ness, deriving from several ancient flood myths and the "from water springs life" concept.
Even though there are several fish in water and each contain different symbolic meaning, there are some prime symbolic meanings the fish in general holds, such as: fertility, femininity, eternity, creativity, happiness, good luck, knowledge/wisdom, and transformation
Depending on the culture and era, diverse peoples have had various views on the symbolic meanings for fish.
Pagans were one of the first to use the fish symbol. It was viewed that the fish was a feminine symbol of fertility and an attribute of the Goddess. Water to them represents the flow of the Divine Mother principal, so all water creatures are part of fertility and the power of the Goddess. The pagan fish symbol was a simplified image of a woman's womb or vagina. The overlapping two thin crescent moons signify a woman's monthly cycle.
Babylonian & Assyrian
The Babylonians also included fish in their mythology. The mermaid and fertility goddess of the seas, Atargatis - in Aramaic 'Atar'atah -, some say was born from a giant egg that was pushed by fish out of the river Euphrates. This Syrian deity was commonly known to the ancient Greeks as Aphrodite Derceto or Derketo. Atargatis' main sanctuary was at Hierapolis (modern Manbij). As the baalat ("mistress") of Her city and people, she was responsible for their protection and well-being, but primarily was known as the goddess of fertility. Doves and fish were sacred by Atargatis; doves as an emblem of the Love-Goddess and fish as a symbol of the fertility and life of the waters. The Babylonians had several gods and goddesses who took the shape of a fish, dolphin, or other sea creature. Most of these gods and goddesses were connected to sexuality. They believed, like many other cultures, that the oval outline of a fish was similar to the shape of a womb.
"Not far from Her temple was a sacred lake, filled with many varieties of fish, Her sacred animal. These fish were well-kept, sometimes even ornamented with jewels (Lucian says he saw one particular fish that had a jewel in its fin on several occasions): they knew their names and would come when called, and would snuggle up to people to be pet. In the middle of the lake was an altar that people would swim to to make offerings. According to other writers, It was taboo to eat or touch these fish, except on special occasions and by the priesthood, who considered it theaphagy, the ritual eating of the Goddess as a sacrament."
Much like the priesthood of Roman Goddess Cybele, Hers was one rumored to perform acts of self mutilation and self-castration. Also, the worship of Atargatis was practiced with song, dance, and music of flutes and rattles. Her worshippers would work themselves to a frenzy during the festivities, similar to Cybele's.
A LEAD VOTIVE OF ATARGATIS HELIOPOLITANUS, 1st-4th century AD. Flanked by two bulls. 3.75 inches. Jidejina's book "Baalbek" p. 37 states that these lead ex-votos representing the triad worshipped at Heliopolis-Baalbek (Mercury-Hermes, Atargatis-Venus, and Jupiter) were carried on ceremonial occasions in a sacred procession from Heliopolis to Ain Lejouj where they were then flung into the waters of the spring.
Some scholars say the fish head hat of the priests of Enki, a Sumerian god of water, crafts, mischief, intelligence, and creation, later became the mitre of Catholic bishops.
Enki was part of the Sumerian tri-Gods and was commonly represented as a half-fish, half-goat creature. He was also the one that devised that men should live as slaves to the gods. As the Dagon priests sprinkled holy water in ceremony, so did the priests of Enki.
Enki was prominent from the third millennium down to Hellenistic times.
The common translation of his name is "Lord of the Earth," but the translation is still in debate.
In Assyria, there were carved depictions of pagan priests, who were shown as being half sun-fish and half man on stone slabs. These priests were sprinkling holy water. In later depictions, the fish head's mouth on the priest's head was opened (as shown in the photograph below). The rest of the fish was still shown as a cloak over the man. These depictions were of the God of Babylon and Philistia, Dagon or Oannes. Dagon's name was derived from the Semitic root dag, and means, accordingly, "little fish". Dagon is sometimes associated with the female half-fish deity, Derceto or Atargatis, often identified with Astarte. Most of Dagon's worshippers abstained from eating fish, a practice that one is naturally inclined to connect with the worship of a fish-god, similar to the worshippers of Atargatis.
"In Babylon there was "Oannes" a fish god who imparted great knowledge to the people. He taught them how to build cities. He also taught them math and geometric laws, and was credited with giving them all the knowledge that they would ever receive. At night, he would go back into the sea to spend the night, because he was amphibious. He had the head of a man; covered by the head of a fish, and had the legs and feet of a man and the torso of a man, but was covered by the scales and tail of a fish. ". -Berossus; from ancient fragments
(Isaac Preston Cory)
The Egyptian astrological hieroglyph below, the vesica piscus (Latin: 'air bladder of a fish'), is a symbol for virginity and purity. It was written in ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs that the fish was the vulva of Isis, who, after taking form of a fish, swallowed Osiris' penis.
Vesica Piscis
Isis, Horus, and a Whole Fish Mitre
The Egyptian gate to Paradise
(Note how it looks like the Omega symbol)
Roman & Greek
In Greco-Roman mythology the fish was considered a sacred animal. The fish represented change and transformation. In the myth of Aphrodite and her son, Heros, they transform into fish in order to escape the monster Typhon/Typhoeus (son of Gaia and lord of chaos, who tried to destroy Zeus at the will of Gaia, for the imprisonment of the Titans). The two tied their tails together to insure they would not be parted during their escape (creating the symbol of the Pisces) and hid in the waters of the Nile. A stellar image of Ichthyes ("Twin Fish"), as seen below, remains to keep the influence of Typhon forever at bay. One fish swims North, "toward the cosmic waters of forgetfulness." The other fish swims West, "toward the constellation Aquarius and the waterbear's waves of enlightenment. At the same time, the Ichthyes are tied together, representing the eternal quest that draws the soul toward these dual destinations and the dilemmas of spiritual desire."
"In fact the tradition of eating fish on Friday comes from many different pagan cultures. Aphrodite Salacia, the fish Goddess, was worshipped by her followers on her sacred day of Friday. They ate fish and engag[ed] in orgies. Which is how the word "salacious," meaning lustful, became used. The Christian church assimilated this tradition by requiring the faithful to eat fish on Friday.
Throughout the Mediterranean, mystery religions used fish, wine and bread for their sacramental meal and ancient Rome called Friday "dies veneris" or Day of Venus, the Pagan goddess. Venus is the one in the fable of the mystic egg of the Babylonians about the giant egg falling from heaven into the River Euphrates. The fishes rolled it to the bank where the doves having perched upon it, hatched it. What came out of this egg was Venus-also referred to as the morning star. Venus afterwards was called the Assyrian goddess or Astarte, the queen of heaven.
In all of these stories we find the tradition of Easter born from these mystery legends as Easter was just another name for Astarte. This festival in ancient Babylonianism of Astarte (known as Istar or Easter), was about her son coming back from the dead which is why the Easter celebration has the symbolic egg as well as the Astarte name for the celebration of the borrowed mythical resurrection of the Bright Morning Star" -Jesus (Revelation 22:16).
The Roman goddess, Cybele ("Magna Mater," great queen mother goddess), wore a mitre on her


text:
The LPKF ProtoLaser U4 uses a scanner-guided laser with a wavelength of 355 nm in the UV spectrum, that has been specially developed for use in electronics laboratories. This wavelength makes it possible for many material groups to be perfectly processed with the laser without additional tools, masks or films.
Placing scan fields next to each other results in a working range of up to 229 mm x 305 mm x 10 mm. The laser focus with a diameter of approx. 20 µm allows for structures with a pitch of 65 µm (50 µm line width, 15µm apart) related to FR4 with 18 µm Cu.
Fine, sensitive processes require very little laser energy. The new UV laser source is designed accordingly and is stable over a wide power range. This benefits applications with particularly thin layers or delicate materials.
The user-friendly LPKF CircuitPro PL system software gives access to all important process parameters. A comprehensive parameter library that not only includes many common but also exotic materials provides assistance for the operator's own projects.
The LPKF ProtoLaser U4 uses a newly designed, fast vision system optimized for laser micromachining. The camera and the image recognition process capture fiducials or geometric structures on the substrate to be processed.
The LPKF ProtoLaser S4 packs smart solutions for operation and maintenance. The system fits on rollers through any laboratory door and makes no further demands on the laboratory apart from compressed air.
Applications – ultra-fine structures on challaging substrates


text:
It's mid-July and your cotton is thirsty for a drink, especially in the afternoon. But applying spray irrigation water during what should be a critical watering period might actually reduce pollen viability and ultimately reduce yields.
When hit with water of any kind, pollen from flowering cotton plants is made sterile in less than a minute according to lab and research field data from John Burke, USDA plant pathologist.
"Our research shows that yields are reduced by 25-50% when even small amounts of water reach inside an open flower on a cotton plant," says Burke, who's located at the USDA Plant Stress and Water Conservation Laboratory in Lubbock, TX. In lab tests using a microscope, even a single drop of water causes pollen to explode into uselessness in just over 30 seconds.
And it doesn't matter if it's irrigation spray or rainwater; the same results occur when water strikes open flowers. The damage is done. "More than 90% of flowers that were open during sprinkler irrigation were shed within one week of water exposure," says Burke.
In his studies, funded by Cotton Inc., Burke and his associates documented yield losses throughout the day as a result of sprinkler applications during cotton flowering.
Between 8 and 10 a.m., there is zero yield loss because flowers are usually not yet open. But between 10 a.m. and noon, there is a 29% yield loss; 27% between noon and 2 p.m.; and 36% between 2 and 4 p.m.
As a result, Burke recommends either watering at night or in early morning, or converting center pivots to LEPA (low energy precision application) drop socks.
LEPA prevents pollen damage. "From 10 a.m. to 4 or later, virtually any flower open when the sprinkler comes around is pretty much going to be lost," says Burke. "But with the LEPA drag socks, the plants still receive water without getting the flowers wet. The socks apply water onto the furrow, below the plants."
LEPA was developed by Texas A&M ag engineers in the 1970s and perfected in the '80s and '90s. It has consistently provided better irrigation efficiency, offering less evaporation, especially in hot and windy southwestern producing areas.
Texas A&M data show that a LEPA pivot equipped with drag socks running in a field with furrow dikes achieves 95-98% irrigation efficiency. Only 2-3% of the water pumped is lost to evaporation.
Yields have also been higher with LEPA socks. In drought-plagued '98, Texas cotton producers with LEPA systems on average produced ½ bale/acre more than pivots equipped with low-profile spray drop lines, says Randy Boman, Texas A&M extension agronomist in Lubbock.
He says the Burke data is good information that should certainly be studied when determining how yields are impacted by LEPA and other types of irrigation.
He notes that cotton fields normally see a substantial number of flowers naturally fail to perform. "We usually see a large percentage of the flowers that don't make it into a productive boll," he says. "Incomplete pollination may result in a reduction in the number of fertilized seed, thus resulting in a 'parrot-beaked' boll.
"We believe the benefits of LEPA are not just in irrigation efficiency, but that yields are good because this method of watering prevents flowers from getting wet," Boman concludes. "It's definitely a consideration growers should make in setting up or refitting their cotton irrigation program."


CPM Homework Banner
Examine the function,, graphed at right.
 1. Is even, odd, or neither?
 Even functions have reflective symmetry across the -axis. Odd functions have rotational symmetry about the origin.
 2. If, what is? Explain.
 3. If and, what is the value of? Explain.
 4. If you know the values of and, how can you determine the value of? Justify your process with a diagram, if necessary.
 Refer to the steps in part (c) for more guidance.


text:
To overcome the drought phenomenon in Tharparkar, pilot project that will utilize underground saline water extracted from mining operations in Thar Block-II for bio-saline agriculture.
Professor Dr. Ajmal Khan of National Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization (ISHU), University of Karachi announces this during an international synergy seminar on sustainable utilization of saline resources.
Vice Chancellor Karachi University, Prof Muhammad Qaiser and Chief Operating Officer of SECMC, Syed Abul Fazal Rizvi inked a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on behalf of ISHU and Sindh Engro Coal Mining Company (SECMC), respectively.
The innovative project in Tharparkar is aimed at reducing dependency on rain water for growing fodder as it will seek to utilize salt resistant grass for non-conventional fodder. After successful completion, SECMC plans to scale up the project which will benefit the people of Tharparkar multifold through the production of fodder crops irrespective of seasonal limitations brought on by recurring drought cycles.
Tharparkar district is ranked as one of the lowest in Sindh on Human Development Indices (HDI) and dependence on traditional but inconsistent means of income generation such as rain-dependent agriculture and livestock rearing – its economic landscape continues to suffer. As is common in the region, there are frequent drought cycles which hinder the few means of livelihood which are solely rain-dependent. When drought hits the region, a domino-effect takes place that affects entire economy causing suffering and misery to the locals.
Dr. Ajmal said that aligned with the Institute's vision, domesticating various halophytes to serve as a source of fodder, forage, bio fuel, oil seeds, medicinal plants and other possible usage by utilizing brackish water in Thar will reduce pressure on fertile lands and sweet water resources.
"Successful implementation of this project will protect Thari community against the negative impacts of drought by providing enough forage throughout the year," he said.
In a statement issued, COO of SECMC, Rizvi said that the pilot project would take one year to complete and will be scaled-up in a phase-wise approach over the next few years.
"Sustainability of the project shall be ensured by on-site training of local farmers and availability of a larger seed bank through which market linkages and avenues for commercialization amongst the local populace can be enhanced," he said.
Rizvi was of the view that this can be a game-changer for the rural community in Tharparkar who are solely dependent on traditional means of income generation with no other prospects in sight. He further said that this endeavour was one of those many efforts which are part of the Company's vision to bring prosperity to the local Thari people.
Professor Bilquees Gul, Head of ISHU, said that a positive collaboration between the academia and the corporate sector was a welcome opportunity because it gave way for innovation and implementation for the sustainable utilization of halophytes.
She said that together with executing the mega coal-mining project in Thar Block-II which is of national importance, this bio-saline agriculture project by SECMC was a vital social and moral obligation of the Company to take care of the communities in the largely under-privileged region of Tharparkar.
SECMC, through its coal-mining project, has taken the responsibility to uplift the communities in its midst by improving the socio-economic conditions and providing them with multiple means of livelihood to ensure the Thari people are not affected by natural calamities such as the recurring droughts.


CODE>W and W characters, in this example B matches between w and w characters.
p316 Description of the /o regex modifier does not advise to see also the qr// operator.
p318 The use of $foo=~$bar (implicit match operator) versus $foo=~/$bar/ (explicit match operator) will make no difference to the speed as they compile to the same thing.
p342 In the example of using the comma operator to propagate taint $r=$c,$r; should read $r=($c,$r);
Brian McCauley, 2004-05-12


Balaram Varma II
10 May 2019 Fri
Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma also known as Bala Ram Varma II had ruled the princely state Travancore from 1912 CE to 1991 CE. He was the last ruling Maharaja of Princely State Travancore. He became the Maharaja of Travancore at the age of 12, after the death of his uncle. The reign of Balaram Varma II had witnessed much progress in Travancore. During his reign, he had passed the famous Temple Entry Proclamation in the year 1936 CE. He had also established the University of Travancore (now the University of Kerala) in 1937 CE. According to the one of the journal 'Samyukta' it had recorded that during this reign 40% of the revenue was set apart for education.
After Independence of India in 1947 CE, Bala Ram Varma II chose his domain as an independent country. As this was unacceptable to the Government of India, so some negotiation was held between Indian representative and Maharaja Bala Ram Varma II. In the year 1949, a final agreement was made where Bala Ram Varma agreed to merge Travancore as a part of Union of India.
Image Courtesy: Todywalla Auction
Knowledge Base


text:
Mercury Vapour Rectifiers
A typical mercury vapour rectifier.
The essential difference between a vacuum rectifier and a mercury vapour rectifier is that the latter contains a certain amount of mercury, partly in liquid form and partly vapour, depending upon the temperature conditions. When a potential difference is applied between the anode and the heated cathode an electron stream flows in the normal manner, and in their passage from the cathode to the anode electrons will collide with mercury vapour molecules and produce a state of ionisation. The positive ions on account of their high mass and the low potential gradient move towards the cathode at a relatively low velocity, and will neutralise the space charge existing between the cathode and the anode.
In a vacuum valve the presence of the space charge has the effect of reducing the space current and of necessitating the use of relatively high anode potentials. To remove the space charge entirely in a vacuum rectifier would require the application of very high anode voltages which might damage the valve by excessive anode dissipation and liberation of gas. The cathode, moreover, would be rapidly destroyed by the bombardment of positive ions which would be travelling at an extremely high velocity on account of the large potential between the anode and the cathode.
The introduction of mercury vapour into the valve and the consequent neutralisation of the space charge without the need for very great anode potentials, permits the anode current of the mercury vapour valve to approach the total emission of the cathode, whilst avoiding the risk of cathode damage from high-velocity bombardment.
The potential difference which is necessary between the anode and the cathode in a mercury vapour rectifier in order to produce a satisfactory ionisation of the vapour is usually less than 20V. Thus, provided the anode voltage is of that order, the anode current will be unrestricted by the presence of a space charge and will only be limited by the emission available from the cathode. The principal property of the mercury vapour rectifier therefore is that it will pass a relatively large current with only a very small potential difference across it. The very low value of the rectifiers resistance and its practically constant voltage drop require the use in practice of a limiting resistance in series with the rectifier.
If it should happen that the anode voltage were applied to the rectifier, before an adequate amount of mercury had been vaporised, the flow of electrons from the cathode to the anode would result in an insufficient number of positive ions to neutralise the space charge. The internal resistance would be excessively high and the voltage drop across the rectifier would accordingly be high also. Under these conditions, the velocity of such positive ions as did exist would be sufficient to cause cathode damage by bombardment, and partly for this reason a pre-heating time is always specified in the case of mercury vapour rectifier.
By pre-heating time is meant the period during which the cathode is heated before the application of the anode voltage. Mercury vapour rectifier cathodes are normally of the high current low voltage type having a considerable thermal capacity, and an appreciable time is required for the cathode to reach its operating temperature. Subsequent to this the heated cathode will cause the evaporation of a certain amount of mercury until a new state of equilibrium exists inside the bulb. If the valve has not been recently used, or if it has been disturbed so that the mercury may have splashed on to the emissive coating of the cathode, it will be necessary to take still greater care that an adequate pre-heating time is allowed. In the latter event, for instance, the presence of liquid mercury actually on the cathode will result in very rapid evaporation and an excessive mercury vapour pressure around the cathode. If the anode voltage were applied whilst this condition persisted, arcing would take place between the electrodes and the valve would be damaged. In these exceptional cases it will generally be found that the manufacturer recommends the pre-heating time of between 15 and 30 minutes but for the routine starting of valves in regular use, the pre-heating time is less than this and may even be as short as a minute. In either case the length of the pre-heating time depends upon the size of the valve and upon the room temperature and it is safest to make sure that the recommended times for any particular type are known.
It is a common practice, and a very good practice, to make use of automatic time delay switches to take care of the necessity for a pre-heating time. These switches are generally thermal in principle and their release time, which is obviously determined by the rate of cooling of the bi-metal element, is far from negligible. It can happen, therefore, that the rectifier might be switched on again, soon after switching it off, before the delay switch has had time to return to the un-operated condition. If this should happen it is obvious that the anode voltage and the filament voltage will be applied to the rectifier simultaneously. The chance of this occurring is, no doubt, small, but it is a point well worth remembering.
The factor of temperature is always of considerable importance in the operation of mercury vapour rectifiers. The degree of ionisation of the mercury is dependent upon the pressure, and hence upon the temperature of the gas, as is also the rate of de-ionisation. If in any mercury vapour rectifier the temperature of the condensed mercury is too low, vaporisation and subsequent ionisation will be insufficient to bring about the desired condition of low voltage drop across the valve. If, on the other hand, the temperature is too high, then de-ionisation will be retarded. It will be remembered that the process of ionisation is effected by the flow of electrons from the cathode to the anode on each half-cycle when the anode is positive. with respect to the cathode, and it is, therefore, evident that ionisation is required to take place in a time short compared with the length of one; half-cycle. Similarly, the vapour must de-ionise at the beginning of each succeeding half-cycle rapidly enough to ensure that de-ionisation is sufficiently complete to enable the rectifier to withstand the peak inverse voltage. If the process of de-ionisation is retarded, the internal resistance of the rectifier will be too low to withstand the peak inverse voltage and breakdown and destruction of the cathode surface will result. It is, therefore, necessary to control the operating temperatures of mercury vapour rectifiers and with large valves of this class, when normal ambient temperatures are likely to vary unduly, some form of forced air temperature control must be employed.
The published data covering mercury vapour rectifiers always specifies a limiting range of condensed mercury temperature, and due attention must be paid to this if reliable service is to be expected from the valve.
The very high current-carrying capacity of mercury vapour rectifiers, as compared with vacuum rectifiers, gives rise to the need for a special precaution in the case of the larger directly heated types. With these it may well happen that the anode current is of the same order as the filament heating current. Moreover, as has already been stated, the voltage drop across the rectifier is so low that it may be of the same order as the filament-heating voltage. If the anode and filament voltages are connected in phase or 180° out of phase, as would be the case in a normal bi-phase half-wave circuit, maximum current to the anode will coincide on each half-cycle with peak positive voltage at one or other end of the filament. This will tend to draw more emission from one end of the filament than from the other, and will also result in unequal amplitude of current in the two halves of the filament. For this reason the Code of Practice lays down that with large directly heated mercury vapour rectifiers, the anode voltage and the filament voltage should be arranged to be substantially 90° out of phase. If this is inconvenient, steps may be taken to reverse the filament terminals at regular intervals, but if this is not possible, the rectifier will usually have to be operated with reduced ratings.


7
How to unit test private (means with package visibility) classed in java?
I have a package, only one class is public in this package, other classes are private. How to cover other classed with unit tests? I would like to include unit tests in resting jar.
 - are they private or package private? If they are package private, then you can test them like any other class, provided your tests are in the same package (which they should)... – assylias Aug 29 '13 at 9:38
13
Create the unit test class in the same package.
For example, If com.example.MyPrivateClass located in src/main/java/com/example/MyPrivateClass.java
Then the test class will be in same package com.example.MyPrivateClassTestCase and will be located in src/test/java/com/example/MyPrivateClassTestCase.java
| improve this answer | |
3
As indicated in @Kowser's answer, the test can be in the same package.
In Eclipse, and I assume other IDEs, one can have classes in different projects but in the same package. A project can be declared to depend on another project, making the other project's classes available. That permits a separate unit test project that depends on the production project and follows its package structure, but has its own root directory.
That structure keeps the test code cleanly separated from production code.
| improve this answer | |
3
There are two ways to do this.
The standard way is to define your test class in the same package of the class to be tested. This should be easily done as modern IDE generates test case in the same package of the class being tested by default.
The non-standard but very useful way is to use reflection. This allows you to define private methods as real "private" rather than "package private". For example, if you have class.
class MyClass {
 private Boolean methodToBeTested(String argument) {
 ........
 }
}
You can have your test method like this:
class MyTestClass {
 @Test
 public void testMethod() {
 Method method = MyClass.class.getDeclaredMethod("methodToBeTested", String.class);
 method.setAccessible(true);
 Boolean result = (Boolean)method.invoke(new MyClass(), "test parameter");
 Assert.assertTrue(result);
 }
}
| improve this answer | |
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text:
Esquatzel Pumping Plant
South Columbia Basin Irrigation District
Irrigation, Structural, Water, Geotechnical, Electrical, SCADA, Construction
RH2 assisted the South Columbia Basin Irrigation District (SCBID) with the design and construction of a new pumping plant to pump irrigation water return flow from the Esquatzel Diversion Canal to the Pasco Pump Lateral No. 1 (PPL1). This new Esquatzel Pumping Plant has a pumping capacity 120 cfs. Construction of the pumping plant was funded in part by a Bonneville Power Administration grant. The grant was awarded on the basis that this facility operates to divert up to 29,400-afy from the canal to the PPL1. The Esquatzel Pumping Plant is intended to operate in conjunction with the existing gravity-fed PPL1 supply system to meet normal and peak season demands within the PPL1 system.
To accommodate significant variations in supply water from the Esquatzel Diversion Canal and the demand for irrigation waters in the PPL1, the pumping plant was designed with three pumps that are each equipped with VFDs to allow the plant to operate between 30 and 120 cfs. During normal operation, the ditch rider estimates the amount of demand upstream and downstream of the pumping plant and adjusts the head gate at the PPL1 diversion from the Potholes East Canal to meet or exceed the demand upstream of the plant. The ditch rider can also adjust the pumping plant to specify an estimated target pumping capacity for the plant. The estimated target pumping capacity is determined based on the amount of demand downstream of the EPP and the amount of spill desired at the PPL4.3 wasteway, minus any excess supply coming from the head gate. The Esquatzel Pumping Plant will be integrated and connected to a proposed SCBID SCADA system during a future project. The plant will monitor the downstream system and regulate the pump speed and discharge to control the amount of water spilled at the PPL4.3 wasteway.


text:
The Federal Government has reiterated the importance of sustainable seed system in Nigeria, saying sustainable seed system makes agricultural revolution sacrosanct in the bid to diversify the economy.
The Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development, Dr Mohammed Abubakar, in a special address on Monday, while declaring the SEEDCONNECT AFRICA 2021 Conference and Exhibition open with theme 'Strengthening resilience through Partnership for a Robust Seed System in Nigeria', which is being organised by the National Agricultural Seeds Council, NASC, in Abuja.
In his words, the minister said, "among other things we need to do, to staying up the curve, is making concerted efforts to ensure our citizens can afford, assess, utilize safe and nutritious food at all times". The minister also pointed out that recent statistics show that agriculture is the biggest contributor to the Nigerian economy at 29.9%.
According to Abubakar, his Ministry is implementing various agricultural policies formulated since 2015 by promoting research applications, reviving extension services, easing input access, strengthening regulatory frameworks, facilitating affordable credits, increasing commodity output, enhancing processing capacity, broadening market access and expanding revenue earnings.


An sq3 file extension is related to the oml2-server and used for its database files.
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SQ3 file extension - oml2-server database
What is sq3 file? How to open sq3 files?
File type specification:
Database file type icon Database file type
The sq3 file extension is used by oml2-server for its database files. A oml2-server (OML2 Server) is the daemon program for OML.
The OML2 Server seems to be obsolete product without support from developer, or producer.
The sq3 database format seems to be similar to SQLite.
This sq3 file type entry was marked as obsolete and no longer supported file format.
This type of file is no longer actively used and is most likely obsolete. This is typically the case for system files in old operating systems, file types from long discontinued software, or previous versions of certain file types (like documents, projects etc.) that were replaced in higher versions of their original programs.
Help how to open SQ3 files:
Try any SQLite database viewer to view content of *.sq3 files.
How to convert file with extension SQ3:
As far as we know, this .sq3 file type can't be converted to any other file format. This is usually the case of system, configuration, temporary, or data files containing data exclusive to only one software and used for its own purposes. Also some proprietary or closed file formats cannot be converted to more common file types in order to protect the intellectual property of the developer, which is for example the case of some DRM-protected multimedia files.
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text:
Split-FX Analysis Service
Work with the engineers at Split Engineering to process your pointclouds, run slope stability simulations and write a short report regarding your rock mass. We will consult with you regarding best practices for approaching the LIDAR scanning in the field so that the best possible scan for processing and analysis is obtained.
Pointcloud processing is conducted using the Split-FX® software. This software is designed specifically to extract geotechnical information from point clouds.
For rock mass characterization, important attributes of the geologic structure are extracted from the point clouds, including discontinuity orientation and spacing. The orientation results are plotted on a stereonet and the primary joint sets are determined.
The geologic structure is analyzed using the following steps in the Split-FX program:
- For each section, a meshing direction is identified which is roughly perpendicular to the surface in that section.
- A triangulated surface is created from the point cloud.
- Fracture "patches" are automatically found by finding collections of triangles that conform to a flatness criterion.
- Fractures that appear as traces and not surfaces on the rock slope are extracted by manually delineating the fracture traces on the point cloud.
- The orientation of the fracture patches and traces are plotted on a stereonet, and joint sets are determined. On the FX stereonet, larger fractures are plotted as a larger circle to be able to identify the most persistent discontinuities.
- Data is exported to the modeling software programs for slope stability analysis including plane or wedge failure.
Contact Split Engineering to discuss your project further.
Some key information in order for us to understand your project and formulate a scope of work includes:
- Location to be scanned (state, nearest city, mine or highway mile marker, etc.) and history of the site (old highway being widened, for example).
- Purpose of the scan project (was there a slope failure that we are investigating, for example) and how will this data be used.
- Surface area to be scanned (approximate square meters or square feet of surface area to be scanned).
- Is the scan complete, or does this need to be done? If the scan was already conducted we need information on the type of scanner used, scan point spacing, number of scan positions, among other information.
- What information do you want from the scan:
- Processed point clouds for viewing.
- Rock mass characterization information (fracture orientations, stereonets, fracture spacing, fracture roughness, GSI, etc.).
- Cross sections.
- Slope stability information (factor of safety, probability of failure, for plane wedge and toppling failure).
- Rockfall trajectory analysis.
- Change detection. Note: for this there will need to be "before" and "after" scanning or ongoing periodic scanning.
- Finite element numerical modeling for surface or underground stability analyses.