Customer Value, Satisfaction and Loyalty at Uber
2500 words (10 pages) Business Assignment
16th Dec 2020 Business Assignment Reference this
Tags: Business AssignmentsMarketingBusinessUber
Executive Summary
The purpose of this assignment is to explain the relevance of customer value, satisfaction and loyalty and how those concepts jointly contribute to achieve the company's goals in order to place them in a privilege place of the market and let them be successful. Additionally, it will be explain how a company manage its relationship with customers for which will be chosen Uber Company as leader in digital transport industry. It will be outlined how Uber has change its marketing strategy over the time due to changeable economic world in which is playing an important role. There will be some examples of different companies around the world to support the academics concepts covered in class and finally it will be possible suggest some ideas that Uber may implement to enhance its relationship with customer because it is a reasonable requirement of all companies to be successful.
Table of Contents
 1. What represent Customer value, Satisfaction and Loyalty in Marketing Management?
 2. What is the importance of customer value, satisfaction and loyalty in the success of a company?
 3. Customer Relationship Management in Uber
 4. Conclusions and Recommendations
 5. References
1. What represents Customer Value, Satisfaction and Loyalty in Marketing Management?
The relationship among those three concepts is close associated with customers' perceptions about what they are expecting of a determined product or service and the monetary cost paid for it. Based on this fact, companies' marketing departments build their strategic plan to enhance and strengthen customer value, satisfaction and loyalty. "Customer value is the difference between the prospective customer's evaluation of all the benefits and cost of an offering and the perceived alternatives" (Kotler & Keller, 2016), on the other hand it is satisfaction, which simply is how a buyer if a feels after a purchase was done, if the action meet the person's expectations, the level of satisfaction is good, otherwise it will be low level, however due to there are people involve in this concept, all the results are relative because human perceptions about satisfaction is always unpredictable, that is the reason marketing studies about fragmentation is vital in a successful strategy. In addition to efficaciously achieve the companies' goals, is quite important as well, work on strongly retain customers, make them feel satisfied with the brand, let them have perfectly clear that their investment is placed in the most suitable way, this is called loyalty, and in order to match those three factors, companies develop different methods of building value, satisfaction and loyalty.
Nevertheless these concepts as variables play a critical role into the marketing game, each one has different relevance into the business but all jointly aim to attain customer loyalty. In the marketing flow, customer satisfaction and customer perceived value are the drivers of customer loyalty, in simples words the existence of an effective relationship between these two variables or factors and even the organizational performance constitute a key motivators for consumers to become loyal to an specific product or service. After all, customer loyalty will always be a driver to increase profit levels and enhance the financial company performance.
The best sample of this assumption is Apple, this company has created a solid monopoly due to the quality of its products, technical support and even fashion, but whatever Apple has built this strong connection with consumers, the customer loyalty developed has been extremely successful. As a result of this action, Apple has currently valued for approximately one trillion of US dollars and its net revenue for the past quarter was $9.55 billion (Salinas, 2018), these numbers simply represent the influenced and power of loyalty, let see, if a customer believes the product (in this case Apple) that is buying is high quality, its feeling about the investment is safe and automatically its perceptions about the purchase will be positive. As a general conclusion, loyalty represents the result of a well developed marketing strategy in which customer value is prioritized over many economics factors and the customers' satisfaction importance is constantly evaluated by the company in order to improve the strategic plan and achieve the expected profits levels.
2. What is the Importance of Customer Value, Satisfaction and Loyalty in the Success of a Company?
The challenging journey of a company after the launching has good and bad moments, which normally are known as successes and failure, it is vital to any company aims to be successful but in fact this is not always attainable and neither sustainable, though the real true is that the journey is unpredictable because everything is continuously changing and a large numbers of variables are constantly influencing on the business as well. Nevertheless, the success in a company occurs basically when a they achieve its strategic objectives and it is close linked with their profitability, after all the gold rule of any business is to generate revenue by being as productive and effectiveness as possible but also by diminishing expenses in order to gain more revenue and be much more profitable. Yet, this point of view is net financial because as it was previously mentioned the journey toward to success is constantly changing, then it could affirm that nowadays a company is successful if it is well known brand or if its popularity in social networks is high, but it comes back again to the point the financial issue, without profit there is no success.
As a matter of fact, the Forbes magazine described 6 ways to measure success in a business based on the following priority order: financial statements, customer satisfaction, quantity of new clients added, conduct performance review, staying current on the market and finally the shareholders' perception about achieving for proposed expectations (Kappel, 2017). According to above sample of successful view, the relationship among Customer Value, Satisfaction and Loyalty, is fairly important in order to achieve the companies' objectives, all these could be financial, operatives, socials and even politics, but truly those have to work jointly. This works as a balance in where one side is fit by economics and financials issues and on the other side there are plenty of customer needs but the complement to maintain success in the market is undoubtedly to having competitive and sustainable advantage and this is only possible when clients' loyalty is strong enough to face rival threats and the constantly world change market by technology (Armstrong, Adam, Denize, & Kotler, 2012).
3. Customer Relationship Management in Uber
The term marketing relationship refers to "long-term, mutually beneficial arrangements in which both the buyer and the seller focus on value enhancements through the creation of more satisfying exchanges" (Pride & Ferrel, 2013, p. 15). This is exactly the most important objective of marketing; the more reliable information about buyer perceptions the more successful is the marketing strategy. Normally all the companies has two types of strategies, intended and realized, the first one is developed during the strategic plan building and the other one is the adaptation of the initial one due to the changeable social environment (Pride & Ferrel, 2013, p. 43) one suitable example of this discernable change in the strategic plan has been Uber, the company which was born just to meet the transportation needs of the citizens in California, US in 2008 but nowadays presents a generous offers of services around the almost 45% of the world and it is valued in more than 62 us billions ( Uber Technologies Inc., 2018).
By increasing customer value over time, Uber tries to retain and increase long-term profitability through customer loyalty by different ways. For instance, if a customer (rider) invites new riders by using a specific code, they get $5,000 off each of next 2 rides when they start riding. Complementary, into the others services offered by Uber, is Uber eats which is growing pretty fast in New Zealand market specially for the high demand and the low levels of competition. The system simply consists to connect one person who needs a delivery with other one who is willing to take it, whole this process is manage through a digital application controlled by Uber. In the same way as Uber, Uber Eats enable user to connect each them, buyers pay a fee to Uber for the delivery and Uber pays another fee to drivers for the service. For this case, Uber eats offers another "promotion" in order to retain new clients which is quite similar to the mentioned one previously. Uber Eats provides a code for each user and if the users share this code with different friends, when they use Uber Eats for the first time, they will get NZ$10 off their order and the initial user will get NZ$5 off. The intended marketing strategy of Uber was completely different to the currently one, its easy life philosophy as to connect users around a need marked a significant difference. However when Uber first introduced in the transport market, they only focused in cars to move different people, but due to the fast raise of digital technology market, Uber innovated with new services and they realized the demand was as large that they would not need to retain their customers, this was almost a monopoly with the power of a wonderful innovator idea in a world eager of technology.
Over the time, other competitors got into the business and additionally there were a large numbers of problems with other transport sectors such as taxi companies and even private companies because this was an unfair competition, therefore Uber had to change its marketing strategy and enhance its CRM. Obviously due to those serious problems, Uber has lost economic force in the market and the most curious fact; Uber has just implemented several promotions to strengthen customer satisfactions and loyalty. The visible face of the company to show good quality, great customer service, and place the brand on top, is the drivers because indeed customers are how respond positively if they are well treated and consequently the company will be good rated. Similarly how the company treats drivers, customer satisfaction indicator will be fairly rated. This fact is consequently important to achieve the company financial goals but in this case,


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our work
The yard operation is the most complicated part at a terminal because it handles both incoming and outgoing container flows (Zhang, 2002). The container yard work as an interface for loading and unloading containers and to transship containers between vessels (Lee et al., 2006). Therefore, yard planner will assign optimal allocation of storage areas for import, export and transshipment containers (Yun and Choi, 1999). From the previous research, it can be seen that various problem associate with yard operation have been addressed. The most problem that is usually faced in the yard operation is the insufficient storage space in the yard to store all the containers. Therefore, it makes the duty of yard planners are more challenging if yard storage allocation problem is not handled properly the traffic congestion might arise.
Besides the yard utilization, yard crane assignment also influences the operation of the terminal. Legato, Canonaco and Mazza (2009) proposed optimisation model to determine which yard crane will be transferred in order to satisfy the crane capacity and minimize the total cost for block matching and crane activation. This paper using Ranking and Selection (R&S) techniques and later extend by includes simulation techniques which representing the main subsystems of a terminal.
Background of the Case Study Container Terminal
The case study container terminal is located along the Northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia and it serves one of the busiest trade routes in the region and links Malaysia to more than 200 ports internationally. The case study container terminal is one of the trader's choice ports because of its deepwater wharf and it has be the major shipping lanes in the Straits of Malacca. Furthermore, it is easy reach of all major economic regions in the country, linked directly to the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia through the East-West Highway.
The case study container terminal is in development of third phase. Currently, there are twenty hectares of container yard which is capable to store a total of two million TEUs annually. This container terminal was equipped with 15 gantry cranes, 32 transfer cranes, 93 prime movers, 127 trailers and 360 refer points.
The case study container terminal handles the import and export activities around the Asia-Pacific region. To be a competitive port, the performance of the container terminal should be efficient and effective to make sure the container terminal can survive. Growth of water transportation services contribute to the congestion and delay in the container terminal operation. Congestion is cause by huge vessels which can bear a high volume of containers and eventually cause the loading and unloading activities to be slow hence contribute to the delay problem.
In order to make any experiment to the real system, it will cause very huge expenses and of course will disrupt the real system operation. By using the simulation model that mimic the real system, the management can investigate the flow of system run and can do any changes in the model without disrupt the real system operation.
Objectives of study
The main objective of this study is to develop simulation models of the case study container terminal, which can be used to improve the performance of the different activities at the container terminal. The focused activity starts from the arrival of vessels, containers unload from the vessel until the vessels depart from the port.
In order to achieve the stated main objective, the following objectives were identified and pursued:
Evaluate the performance of the current container terminal model, measured by waiting time of vessel in port, number of vessel in queue and utilization of berths and cranes.
Evaluate the proposed model to improve the container terminal performance.
Compare the performance of the proposed model with the current model.
Scope of study
This research focused on identified and developed a container terminal model for arrival of vessels and unloading container activities until vessels depart only. The developed system was tested by the data gathered from the case study container terminal. This study covered the vessel which is load with container only.
Contribution of the study
In this section, the implications of the study especially to the case study container terminal management and to the body of knowledge are discussed.
The results of the study will beneficial to the managerial of container terminal to evaluate the decisions and actions proposed to improve container terminal performance. This study will help the container terminal to reduce the average waiting time of vessels, number of vessels in queue and increased the utilization of the berths and cranes. By using the right proposed model, the case study container terminal performance can be improved and customer satisfaction was increased.
Implication to the body of knowledge
This research will give benefit to body of knowledge of simulation because it would present on how the idea and concept of modelling in simulation can be applied in order to solve the real world problem. Related to this situation, we can conclude that simulation modelling is a discipline that shows the best approach to get the best solution of a problem.
Organization of the thesis
This thesis is divided into five chapters. Chapter one discusses the introduction of container terminal, background of case study container terminal, problem statement, objective of the study, scope of study an contribution of study. Chapter two presents the reviews of previous studies related to the container terminal. Methodology of this thesis are discusses in chapter three. Chapter four discusses the model constructions and implementation. This thesis ends with the conclusion and recommendation for future research extension in chapter five.

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Our Story
The story behind Dr. Joe Explains
When Dr. Joe Explains founder, Abby Hofmeister, developed a medical condition that baffled doctors, the lack of information left her bewildered and wrought with anxiety. Abby's greatest source of comfort came from her father, Dr. Joe Hofmeister, M.D. (yes, he's a real person) who was particularly good at breaking down complex medical jargon to make things easier for her to understand. Information became Abby's greatest source of comfort, and a father who knew how to explain it—her greatest resource.
From this experience grew a new purpose in Abby's life—to become that same source of comfort, information, and clarity for others struggling with the stress, fear, and anxiety of a medical condition. Together, the father-daughter duo assembled a team of medical, educational, and communications experts collectively known as Dr. Joe Explains.
Dr. Joe and Abby Hofmeister
Inspired by Abby's story and the first-hand experiences of so many others, our team creates informative materials that patients and loved ones can use to take control of the things they can and accept the things they cannot. Our materials use common language and storytelling to make information more relatable and easier to understand.
By turning accurate medical information into compassionate, everyday conversations, we provide a sense of direction, nurture confidence, and equip others with the knowledge and courage to make the best possible health decisions.
What began as a simple act of caring between a father and his daughter has grown into an important resource that's helping to improve the quality of life for so many others. From one patient to another, one parent to another, and one doctor to another—we look forward to becoming a part of your care and support.
In the same way that a father can make the world feel a little less scary for his daughter, Dr. Joe Explains makes medical care less scary for patients, caregivers, and loved ones.


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Load Factors in Steep Turns
At a constant altitude, during a coordinated turn in any aircraft, the load factor is the result of two forces: centrifugal force and weight. [Figure 5-52] For any given bank angle, the ROT varies with the airspeed—the higher the speed, the slower the ROT. This compensates for added centrifugal force, allowing the load factor to remain the same.
Figure 5-53 reveals an important fact about turns—the load factor increases at a terrific rate after a bank has reached 45° or 50°. The load factor for any aircraft in a coordinated level turn at 60° bank is 2 Gs. The load factor in an 80° bank is 5.76 Gs. The wing must produce lift equal to these load factors if altitude is to be maintained.
It should be noted how rapidly the line denoting load factor rises as it approaches the 90° bank line, which it never quite reaches because a 90° banked, constant altitude turn is not mathematically possible. An aircraft may be banked to 90° in a coordinated turn if not trying to hold altitude. An aircraft that can be held in a 90° banked slipping turn is capable of straight knife-edged flight. At slightly more than 80°, the load factor exceeds the limit of 6 Gs, the limit load factor of an acrobatic aircraft.
For a coordinated, constant altitude turn, the approximate maximum bank for the average general aviation aircraft is 60°. This bank and its resultant necessary power setting reach the limit of this type of aircraft. An additional 10° bank increases the load factor by approximately 1 G, bringing it close to the yield point established for these aircraft. [Figure 5-54]
Load Factors and Stalling Speeds
Any aircraft, within the limits of its structure, may be stalled at any airspeed. When a sufficiently high AOA is imposed, the smooth flow of air over an airfoil breaks up and separates, producing an abrupt change of flight characteristics and a sudden loss of lift, which results in a stall.
A study of this effect has revealed that an aircraft's stalling speed increases in proportion to the square root of the load factor. This means that an aircraft with a normal unaccelerated stalling speed of 50 knots can be stalled at 100 knots by inducing a load factor of 4 Gs. If it were possible for this aircraft to withstand a load factor of nine, it could be stalled at a speed of 150 knots. A pilot should be aware of the following:
- The danger of inadvertently stalling the aircraft by increasing the load factor, as in a steep turn or spiral;
- When intentionally stalling an aircraft above its design maneuvering speed, a tremendous load factor is imposed.
Figures 5-53 and 5-54 show that banking an aircraft greater than 72° in a steep turn produces a load factor of 3, and the stalling speed is increased significantly. If this turn is made in an aircraft with a normal unaccelerated stalling speed of 45 knots, the airspeed must be kept greater than 75 knots to prevent inducing a stall. A similar effect is experienced in a quick pull up or any maneuver producing load factors above 1 G. This sudden, unexpected loss of control, particularly in a steep turn or abrupt application of the back elevator control near the ground, has caused many accidents.
Since the load factor is squared as the stalling speed doubles, tremendous loads may be imposed on structures by stalling an aircraft at relatively high airspeeds.
The following information primarily applies to fixed-wing airplanes. The maximum speed at which an airplane may be stalled safely is now determined for all new designs. This speed is called the "design maneuvering speed" (VA), which is the speed below which you can move a single flight control, one time, to its full deflection, for one axis of airplane rotation only (pitch, roll or yaw), in smooth air, without risk of damage to the airplane. VA must be entered in the FAA-approved Airplane Flight Manual/ Pilot's Operating Handbook (AFM/POH) of all recently designed airplanes. For older general aviation airplanes, this speed is approximately 1.7 times the normal stalling speed. Thus, an older airplane that normally stalls at 60 knots must never be stalled at above 102 knots (60 knots × 1.7 = 102 knots). An airplane with a normal stalling speed of 60 knots stalled at 102 knots undergoes a load factor equal to the square of the increase in speed, or 2.89 Gs (1.7 × 1.7 = 2.89 Gs). (The above figures are approximations to be considered as a guide, and are not the exact answers to any set of problems. The design maneuvering speed should be determined from the particular airplane's operating limitations provided by the manufacturer.) Operating at or below design maneuvering speed does not provide structural protection against multiple full control inputs in one axis or full control inputs in more than one axis at the same time.
Since the leverage in the control system varies with different aircraft (some types employ "balanced" control surfaces while others do not), the pressure exerted by the pilot on the controls cannot be accepted as an index of the load factors produced in different aircraft. In most cases, load factors can be judged by the experienced pilot from the feel of seat pressure. Load factors can also be measured by an instrument called an "accelerometer," but this instrument is not common in general aviation training aircraft. The development of the ability to judge load factors from the feel of their effect on the body is important. A knowledge of these principles is essential to the development of the ability to estimate load factors.
A thorough knowledge of load factors induced by varying degrees of bank and the VA aids in the prevention of two of the most serious types of accidents:
- Stalls from steep turns or excessive maneuvering near the ground
- Structural failures during acrobatics or other violent maneuvers resulting from loss of control


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Assume that $E\subset F$ and that $E$ and $F$ are fields. Also, say $[E:F]=p$, where $p$ is a prime. If $a$ is any element of $F\setminus E$. Show that $F=E(a)$.
I'm pretty unsure of how to approach this.
Degrees are multiplicative: $$ [F : E] = [F : E(a)][E(a) : E]. $$ See Proposition 1.20 of Milne's notes for a proof. What can you say about $[E(a) : E]$ now?


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Allowances for larger and taller mass timber buildings have been approved as part of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 5000, Building Construction and Safety Code, and, where applicable, NFPA 101, Life Safety Code.
The American Wood Council (AWC) and International Code Council (ICC) have released a joint publication, "Mass Timber Buildings and the IBC," providing an overview of requirements for mass timber construction as found in the 2015, 2018, and 2021 International Building Code (IBC).
The American Wood Council (AWC) has released seven updated cradle-to-gate, industry-wide environmental product declarations (EPDs) for wood products. These third-party verified updates replace the 2013 editions previously available for use in determining the environmental footprint of the industry's principal products, as well as with green building rating systems and sustainable construction standards.
Oregon has become the first state to approve the use of science-based building code requirements for tall mass timber buildings under its Statewide Alternate Method (SAM). The new document, SAM No. 18-01, Tall Wood Buildings, provides prescriptive technical requirements for tall wood buildings ranging from eight to 18 stories, depending on design and construction methods.
American Wood Council (AWC) regularly reviews and updates its codes and standards to keep pace with technological advances and material innovations affecting the use of wood products in the country. The council recently updated its National Design Specification (NDS) for Wood Construction. Developed by AWC's wood design standards committee, the 2018 NDS is referenced for wood design in this year's International Building Code (IBC).

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Research Associate in AI & Informatics Department
Jubilant Biosys is currently hiring for the position of Research Associate in the AI & Informatics Department.
Qualification: Master of Science in Chemistry / Computational Chemistry / Pharmaceutical Chemistry / Medicinal Chemistry.
Experience: 2 – 4 yrs
Desirable Experience: Experience in a Drug Discovery Industry / CRO in Computational Chemistry Department.
- Docking & Molecular Dynamics
- Python Scripting
- Good knowledge of chemistry
- Enthusiasm to learn new skills and software relevant to the work
Roles & Responsibilities
- Collaborate with colleagues in medicinal chemistry and other teams for providing scientific knowledge obtained through molecular modeling, supporting preclinical drug discovery.
- Responsible for working along with team in computational chemistry to deliver modeling results.
- Responsible for optimal utilization of resources in his organization through monitoring, measuring and reporting on scientific issues, opportunities and developmental plans and achievements within agreed formats & timescales.
- Write and maintain records of observations and conclusions for every experiment in a timely manner.
- Conduct literature searches for the target, structures related to the target and any other relevant or key information.
- Communicate experimental results and provide routine updates to the reporting manager on the status of the work / tasks.
Apply for this position here.
Keywords: research associate, AI, informatics, chemistry, computational chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry, medicinal chemistry, drug discovery, CRO, docking, molecular dynamics, QSAR, python scripting.


text: Based on the simulation results, steady-state tracking faults are improved. Control of indeterminate systems, despite the actuator and sensor bias, has been and remains a major challenge. Sensor fault can cause process fault. Among the cases where sensor bias is common, air velocity measurements and gyroscope rates can be mentioned. Although considerable research efforts have previously focused on adapting the fault, the bias correction of the sensor appears to be relatively limited. However, the cause of several crashes was the sensor fault (due to radio altimeter fault, angle of attack sensor fault, airspeed speed sensor fault). Also, finding a way to fix the sensor bias problem is of the utmost importance. The direct model reference adaptive control (MRAC) method is used to control uncertain systems using controllers that are adapted to achieve a performance close to a reference model. However, these controllers maintain system stability and provide close tracking of the reference model response. In this paper, we intend to address the problem of unknown fault bias matching by adjusting the direct reference model adaptive control for state-feedback for state-tracking (SFST). Also, to obtain an asymptotic stable bias fault estimator, we use the Kalman filter to estimate the bias sensor fault. Based on the simulation results, steady-state tracking faults are improved.


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Chekov's The Seagull
On 4th October Year 13 Drama and Theatre Studies students went to see a production of Anton Chekhov's The Seagull. The students are studying the play and found the National Theatre's interpretation to be visually stunning. The set design design was incredible; a real lake and stream were used to depict the necessary realistic style which Chekhov intended. The play merged elements of romantic and naturalistic theatre to create a dazzling effect. The students were inspired by the play in terms of staging and design. Prior to the tragic, climactic ending depicting Konstantin's suicide, the atmosphere was palpable. It was fantastic for the students to see this classic play interpreted in such a unique way.


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Data Lists & Forms for Data Lists
The Data Lists app allows you to connect to databases, extract data from them, and publish that data in list-form on your websites.
The Data Lists app therefore consists of two components:
- An interface for connecting with data sources, creating lists, etc.
- An app for publishing the contents of a list in frontend.
This means that you can easily extract content from both internal and external databases and publish them in frontend.
The Forms for Data Lists app allows you to create forms which can be used to create database entries directly from frontend – either in existing system tables or in custom tables.
Together, Data Lists and Forms for Data Lists constitute a powerful framework for retrieving, publishing and creating data in Dynamicweb.
To get started go to Apps > Data Lists or Forms for Data Lists – this will open the Data Lists interface (Figure 1.1).
The interface consists of:
- A tree menu (1) from which you can create new connections, data lists, forms and XML publication templates
- A content pane (2) where e.g. list content and various creation forms are rendered
A Connection is simply a connection to an SQL database. By default, the Data Lists app is connected to the solution database – but you can easily create new connections.
To create a connection:
- Fold out the Connections node and click New connection
- Fill in the connection details in the connection settings (Figure 2.1)
- Name the connection
- Provide a server name and a database name
- Provide a user name and password for a user with access to the database – or check the Use trusted connection checkbox use windows authentication
Once you've connected to a database, you can create data lists by querying any table in the database and listing the retrieved data in frontend.
To create a data list:
- Fold out the Lists node
- Click New data list
- Name the list and select a connection and a table (Figure 3.1)
- Click OK
Once you've clicked OK, you can use the data list settings to limit the data retrieved (Figure 3.2).
You can use either the Design Wizard – as above – to select fields, operators and values to test against, or you can use the SQL statement mode, which allows you to create the SQL statement manually.
You can specify the sort order and the number of rows you want to retrieve below the conditions area.
To use dynamic test values, you can use the pencil icon to set a session variables or request variables. In that way, you can use e.g. user or page IDs retrieved from the session or request to filter the data displayed in frontend.
For example, if you want to be able to filter a list of manufacturers by name, you can add a request variable parameter and pass values to it through the query string; _URL_-list?Name=yourfiltervalue (Figure 3.3).
If you use the design wizard, the Select Field(s) button in the ribbon bar allows you to specify which fields from the database table you want to render in frontend when publishing the data list (Figure 4.1). Simply move the fields between the two lists until you have the desired configuration.
Publishing Data Lists
To publish a data list in frontend, attach the Data List app to a paragraph and use the app settings (Figure 5.1) to control the process.
- Use the Data list dropdown to select the data list you want to publish
- Use the layout section to select either a default layout or a custom (template-based) layout for the list
- Use the list data and detail data settings to select which fields to publish
- Use the publishing options to show column headers, link to the details view, or make columns sortable
- Use the paging settings to activate and control paging on the published list
The Edit data settings allow you to select a particular form (forms for data lists) which can be used to edit or create new data from. You must select the page with the form on it using the page selector, and check the display add row link and display edit row link checkboxes to render those in frontend. The setting Allow the form to update the existing data must be checked on the forms for data lists app if you want to enable the editing of data through a published form.
Forms for Data Lists
Forms for Data Lists are forms which can be used to create or edit data directly in a database table. Forms for data lists are created from the Data Lists interface, and may be created from an existing database table or by creating a new table and defining the fields manually.
To create a form from an existing database table:
- Fold out the Forms node
- Click New form from table
- Provide a name
- Select a connection and a database table
- Click OK
You will now see an automatically rendered list of form fields, including labels, system names, type specifications, a required checkbox and a description field (Figure 6.1).
The content of the type dropdown depends on the data type of the field in the database – so String fields have one set of controls available, Int32 another, and Boolean a third – and so forth.
Click on any of the fields to open the field settings (Figure 6.2) and configure the settings related to the field type.
To create a form manually:
- Fold out the Forms node and click New manual form
- Provide a name
- Select a connection
- Specify a table name of the table you want to create
- Click OK
You will then see a list of empty form fields which you can configure to suit your needs (Figure 6.3). You must select a data type for the field before you enter any field details.
Rendering the form in frontend
To render a form in frontend, attach the Forms for Data Lists app to a paragraph and use the app settings (Figure 7.1) to control the process.
- Select a form to render
- Select or create a template for rendering the form
- Decide what should happen after the form has been submitted – either use a confirmation template or redirect to a page
- If the form contains upload controls, select a destination folder for the uploaded files
- Decide whether to render submit and reset buttons, and what they should be labeled as
You can also use the form save events section to set up email receipts, email the form to someone on submit, or save the form date in a csv file. Check the appropriate checkbox and fill in the associated settings.
The contents of a data list can be published as an XML feed using the XML Publication feature.
To create an XML feed:
- Fold out the XML Publication node
- Click New publication
- Name the publication
- Select a data list to publish
- Select/create an XSLT file for generating the feed
Once you save the publication, an URL will be generated (Figure 8.1) – visit this URL to view the XML feed.


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Public Choice - A Primer
Adam Smith Institute
March 26, 2012
Institute of Economic Affairs Occasional Paper 147
'Market failure' is a term widely used by politicians, journalists and university and A-level economics teacher and students. However, those who use the term often lack any sense of proportion about the ability of government to correct market failures. This arises partly from the lack of general knowledge - and lack of coverage in economics syllabuses - of Public Choice economics.
Public Choice economics applies realistic insights about human behaviour to the process of government, and it is extremely helpful for all those who have an interest in - or work in - public policy to understand this discipline. If we assume that at least some of those involved with the political process - whether elected representatives, bureaucrats, regulators, public sector workers or electors - will act in their own self-interest rather than in the general public interest, it should give us much less confidence that government can 'correct' market failure.
This complex area of economics has been summarised in a very clear primer by Eamonn Butler. The author helps the reader to understand the limits of the government's ability to correct market failure and also explains the implications of public choice economics for the design of systems of government - a topic that is highly relevant in contemporary political debate.
This text is an important contribution for all who seek to understand better the role that government should play in economic life.
Number of Pages in PDF File: 68
Keywords: Public Choice theory, rent seeking, market failure, public policy
JEL Classification: A13, A20, A21, A22, D41, H10, H11, J45, J58Accepted Paper Series
Date posted: March 27, 2012
© 2013 Social Science Electronic Publishing, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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A NEW "Bishop" will be officially unveiled by one of his 21st century successors. the Right Rev Ruth Worsley, Bishop of Taunton, at 11am on Thursday 7th April in the gardens of the Bishop's Palace in Wells.
Local sculptor Fiona Campbell has created a steel sculpture of the renowned Bishop Jocelyn. The steel Bishop represents the local myth about the medieval Bishop Jocelyn of Wells who slew the Dragon of Worminster, saving the people of Dinder from further ravaging of their children and stock.
The Bishop is looking up at the huge dragon (to be made later), grasping his crozier and sword, in the stance of imminent attack.
Born and raised in Kenya, Fiona Campbell graduated from the Byam Shaw School of Art, London with distinction in fine art (sculpture), later gaining a PGCE (postgraduate teaching qualification) at Exeter University.
Most of her work is sculptural, using mixed media including steel, copper, wire, found and recycled materials. It reflects an interest in relationships within the natural world and cycles of life, in textured, woven, primal forms, often in a state of emergence, growth or metamorphosis.
She says: "I was originally asked by James Cross to create a topiary structure, but as it evolved it was decided the Bishop would remain purely a sculpture. He is, in effect, like a 3D linear sketch.
"I drew a friend posed in the Bishop of Taunton's cope, to help me obtain the right stance and movement of drapes. A vicar at Wells Cathedral also kindly posed briefly for me in his robes in dragon-slaying stance, which amused him!
"As the Bishop is a 'man of cloth', I tried to devise ways of not being too anatomically figurative, so that the inner structure only hints at his body, and that the drapes of his robes, cope, cross and mitre are the focus. His ethereal appearance means visitors may need to look twice when they come across him!"
Bishop Jocelin was Bishop of Bath and Glastonbury (later Wells) from 1206 to 1242, during a particularly stormy period of English history – the reign of King John. The Bishop was present at the sealing of Magna Carta at Runnymede in 1215, and was one of the bishops who crowned John's son as King Henry III.
He oversaw the completion of the cathedral nave and its famous West Front and consecrated the new cathedral on 23rd October 1239. He undertook the construction of the cathedral cloisters and the Bishop's Palace.
Jocelin died on 19th November 1242 and was buried in the cathedral choir. The memorial brass on his tomb is said to be one of the oldest in England.
The legend of the dragon slaying has a variant which includes the Worm of Worminster. The story is commemorated in a mosaic on the south walk by the moat around the Bishop's Palace.
The Bishop's Palace, with its 14 acres of gardens, is the 800 year old official residence of the Bishops of Bath and Wells. The medieval palace is also home to the wells and ancient springs that give the city of Wells its name and the world famous mute swans that ring a bell alongside the Gatehouse when they want their food. The grounds include an arboretum, formal planted gardens, the ruined and romantic great hall, waterfalls and well pools, a community garden and the new garden of reflection.
The palace buildings open to the public include a medieval undercroft, a striking long gallery, hung with portraits of former bishops, exhibition space and a lovely medieval chapel. There is a café, serving produce from the gardens, and the site is accessible for wheelchair users, with new, even pathways in the gardens and a lift in the palace.


text:
, Research Associate, SAFHL - Hydraulic Lab
Jay Hatch, Associate Professor, Education & Human Development
Culverts can act as barriers to fish passage for a number of reasons, including insufficient water depth or excess velocity. In addition, concern is being raised over behavioral barriers where culvert conditions elicit an avoidance response that deters or slows fish movement. Long culverts can block sunlight, creating a potential behavioral barrier as fish approach a long, dark culvert. Scant information exists on low light as a potential barrier to fish passage, particularly with warm water species such as the federally endangered Topeka Shiner. As some older culverts are being replaced with longer total lengths to improve safety by extending the culvert through reengineered road embankments, information is needed to 1) determine when and if light mitigation strategies are necessary, and 2) design appropriate light mitigation strategies, if necessary. Based on literature review, field monitoring, and laboratory experiments, the effect of light on fish passage for Topeka Shiner and other small prairie stream fish was indiscernible. Therefore, no light mitigation for large box culverts (up to 150 feet in length) can be recommended for similar fish communities. Culverts that are very long or have very small openings may benefit from additional light.
- Project number: _PHONE_
- Start date: 04/2014
- Project status: Completed
- Research area: Environment and Energy


text:
1. A way in which two or more objects are connected, associated, or related, or (at a different level) a polyadic predicate symbolizing such a relation. See attribute, predicate logic
[Glossary of First-Order Logic]
2. A subset of the product of two sets, R : A x B. If (a, b) is an element of R then we write a R b, meaning a is related to b by R. A relation may be: reflexive (a R a), symmetric (a R b => b R a), transitive (a R b & b R c => a R c), antisymmetric (a R b & b R a => a = b) or total (a R b or b R a).
See equivalence relation, partial ordering, pre-order, total ordering.
3. A table in a relational database.
Try this search on OneLook / Google


text:
Tue, Jul 27, 2004
Constructing a Lasting Peace in India and Pakistan - a Webquest with Wiki
Constructing a Lasting Peace in India and Pakistan: A WebQuest for 10th Grade World History was designed by Dan McDowell. It provides a nice example of a conflict related webquest that requires students to draft a shared document after multiple rounds of negotiation on core ideas and drafts of their texts. It uses a "Wiki" online text editor to permit students to do their shared editing from wherever they are, with a history of changes made available at all times. The simulation's use of a wiki requires students to learn a new technology, but the learning curve is not too steep.
Page 1 of 1 pages


How the mind tricks the body into becoming sick
One neurologist's patients suffer epileptic seizures, are blind or can't walk. They don't actually have an underlying physiological disease, so how does she treat them?
 - Suzanne O'Sullivan - Neurologist, Author "Is It All In Your Head: True Stories of Imaginary Illness"


Alexis Templeton is the Principal Investigator of the Rock Powered Life NAI team. She leads an interdisciplinary team that intertwines the interests, expertise, and activities of 12 excellent investigators and associated students, postdocs, research scientists, and core collaborators with expertise in microbial biology, ecology, geochemistry, and geophyscis. This team has come together to address the challenging Astrobiological question of defining how, when, and where geological systems power biological processes. The RPL NAI is particularly focused on energy production and consumption within the environmental conditions where rocks and water react at low temperatures, since this is a critical and understudied regime in any efforts to consider the biological potential in the shallow crust of Earth, Mars, and icy satellites such as Europa and Enceladus.


Technology
End-to-End Solutions
End-to-end wireless is a concept of wireless, cloud and security throughout a network from the backhaul/ISP connectivity to CCTV to WiFi & MDM.
Point to Point (PTP)
Point to Point Wireless (PTP) is a method of connecting two locations with ethernet when wires cannot be deployed typically due the substantial cost of ADSL/fibre or where terrain does not allow for cable to be dug into the ground.
Point to Multipoint (PMP)
Point to Multipoint (PMP) is a method of connecting multiple locations with ethernet when wires cannot be deployed typically due the substantial cost of ADSL/fibre or where terrain does not allow for cable to be dug into the ground.
Outdoor WiFi
Outdoor WiFi is simply when WiFi access is provided outside of a building. Outdoor WiFi is usually used as an extension of the internal wireless LAN network of an organisation, to give users a continuous WiFi service.
Licensed Microwave
Microwave wireless (or licensed microwave) is a term most commonly used to refer to Point to Point (and in some rare cases Point to Multipoint) that falls in the frequencies anywhere between 6 – 46GHz.
B-band Antenna Tracking
Broadband Antenna Tracking (or an Antenna Tracking System) is a method of auto-alignment for either Point to Point (PTP) or Point to Multipoint (PMP) moving constantly, periodically or sporadically.
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Sculpture / 3-D Design Unit
The Lessons:
1. What is Sculpture? What is 3-D Design?
2. 3-D Design -- an Architectural Model
3. Relief Sculpture Using Cardboard
4. Sculpture in the Round -- a Portrait in Clay
5. Constructing Sculpture Using Found Materials
Arizona Academic Standards:
These lessons can help students to meet Arizona's academic standards.
General Reference:
ArtLex Art Dictionary
This unit was developed by Michael Delahunt, in association with other art educators in Arizona.
Here's a photo of Mr. Delahunt.


text:
This is a statistical index to the Village Voice Pazz & Jop music critics poll, generated in the process of its tabulation for the last few years.
Click any linked column-heading to sort a table by that column. Click any album or song for an artist profile, or any voter for a voter profile.
Some explanation of the various esoteric metrics:
- Enthusiasm (album): points per vote. On the album poll voters divide 100 points among 10 albums, 5-30 points each.
- Kvltosis: the fraction of an album's points that remain if the album poll is inversely reweighted by voters' centricities (see below).
- Hipness: the fraction of an album's points that remain if the album poll is reweighted by how many singles each voter's ballot listed.
- Metalism (album): the fraction of an album's points that remain if the album poll is reweighted by voters' metalism (see below).
- Monolithity: the fraction of an album's points that remain if you disregard ballots that include a song by the same artist.
- Vitality (album): the fraction of an album's points that came from voters new to the poll that year.
- Singularity: the fraction of a song's votes that remain if you disregard ballots that include an album by the same artist.
- Centricity: how close a voter came to picking to the winning 10 albums.
- Breadth: how close a voter came to picking a different artist for every album/song slot in every voting year.
- Metalism (voter): what fraction of a voter's votes went to metal bands (arbitrarily defined).
- Artist points: sum of their album points plus 2 points per song-vote.
- Enthusiasm (artist): points, as above, per ballot.
Similarity is calculated for albums, songs and artists based on voter overlap, and for ballots and voters based on album+song+artist overlap.
The ballot and voter scores are weighted by album/song/artist popularity.


1. Review: Optical Micrometer Resolution Scanning for Non-invasive Grading of Precancer in the Human Uterine Cervix
 Management of cervical precancer is archetypal for other cancer prevention programmes but has to consider diagnostic and logistic challenges. Numerous optical tools are emerging for non-destructive near real-time early diagnosis of precancerous lesions of the cervix. Non-destructive, real-time imaging modalities have reached pre-commercial status, but high resolution mapping tools are not yet introduced in clinical settings. The NCBI PubMed web page was searched using the keywords 'CIN diagnosis' and the combinations of 'cervix {confocal, optical coherence tomography, ftir, infrared, Raman, vibrational, spectroscopy}'. Suitable titles were identified and their relevant references followed. Challenges in precancer management are discussed. The following tools...
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approach.
The replicates used in BRR are set up by repeatedly selecting just one of the two psus per stratum. The selection is not entirely at random – the approach sets up replicates against an orthogonal matrix of 1s and 0s which is designed to give a 'balanced' set of replicates. The balancing is a means of dealing with the interdependence in the replicates because they contain common units.
Jackknife estimation
For jackknife estimation replicates are created by removing one PSU from the dataset at a time and then weighting up the other psus from the same stratum to adjust for the removal. In this way each replicate gives an unbiased estimate of the population mean, and the variance between the replicate means gives an estimate of the true sampling variance. Jackknife estimation is not restricted to a particular sample design so, in that sense, is more flexible than BRR.
Advantages of using replication methods
 - They can adjust properly for InfoButtonpost-stratification and include the uncertainty due to the estimation of nonresponse rates. But the R survey package implements a generalised calibration method that seems to work just as well.
 - Once the replicate weights are calculated they can be distributed with the data set and used by any user. This means that that PSU's do not have to be identified on the data set, which can overcome problems with disclosure.
4.4 The practicalities of replication methods
Replication methods are usually carried out in two stages:
 - Calculate a set of replicate weights from the design features of a survey
 - Use this set of weights to analyse any of the variables in the survey.
These two stages can be quite separate. Once a set of replicate weights are available the analysts don't need to know anything about the design of the survey. All they need to have is the set of weights and some information about what kinds of weights they are (e.g.BRR, Jackknife ) This means that they don't need to know the details of the sampling (e.g. PSUs, STRATA) so disclosure may be less of a problem.
Replicate weights
The idea of a replication method is that the survey analysis can be repeated on modifications of the data and the variability between the different results obtained allows the standard errors of the estimates to be calculated.
Each replication of a survey can be represented by a replicate weight that is calculated for every respondent. For example, for a modification that drops all the respondents in one PSU, one simply sets the weights for all respondents in that PSU to zero.
A complete set of replicate weights can be calculated and these are then distributed along with the survey. All the survey users can then make use of them to calculate the standard errors of their estimates.
How replication methods can allow for InfoButtonpost-stratification
Once a set of replicate weights are calculated, each set of weights can be post-stratified so that the sum of the weights matches the population totals to which the survey is to be matched. When InfoButtonraking, or other more complicated non-response adjustment is used the weights are adjusted so that each set of weights matches both the population totals.Section on non-response gives details.
4.5 How does the design affect standard errors?
Aspects of the design such as weighting clustering, startification and InfoButtonpost-stratification all influence the design effects and design factors and standard errors for surveys. These are discussed in detail in the relevant sections of this site
It is standard practice for large-scale surveys to be published with tables of design factors for key means and percentages, and you could be forgiven for concluding that survey design affects the standard errors for point estimates alone. But in reality survey design affects all survey statistics, including t-tests, chi-squared tests, and regression coefficients. The basic rules are:
 - All statistical tests (and that includes standard t-tests and chi-squared tests) are based on sampling variance and so have a design effect associated with them. It is often the case that the design effect for tests of differences between sub-groups will be smaller than the design effects associated with point estimates, especially if much of the design effect is attributable to clustering of the data. But you should not assume that the design factor is close enough to 1 to be ignorable.
 - For surveys that are weighted because disproportionate stratification has been used, the design factor should be considerably smaller for sub-group estimates where the sub-groups are the same or closely related to the survey strata.
 - For surveys that are clustered, the standard error for a difference between two groups should have a smaller design factor than the design factors for the two groups themselves as long as the sub-groups cut across each cluster. The design factor may still be fairly large however if the survey data is weighted. The same should apply to the design factor for the standard error of a regression co-efficient.
 - The standard errors for regression coefficients have design effects. As with tests for differences these effects will often be smaller than the design effects for means and percentages, but they should not be assumed to be ignorable.
All of the software packages we are illustrating on this web site will calculate the correct survey - adjusted standard errors. In most cases they will also calculate and print design effects for each estimate.
4.6 Chi squared tests for survey data
Adjusted chi-squared tests
Significance tests such as chi-squared tests also need to be adjusted for the
survey design. Methods for this are illustrated in exemplar 2 and in exemplar4. It is based on similiar principles to the approximate method described below. There are several variants of the survey-adjusted test but the one you are most likely to come accross, and considered to be the most useful is the Rao-Scott adjusted chi-square. This (confusingly) is not usually expressed as a chi-squared test statistic, but as an F statistic. But all the packages we are illustrating give the p-values for the test.
Approximate methods using design effects
design factors for key means and percentages. These can give you some indication of the likely design factors for other variables, and a fairly good rule of thumb is that using a design factor close to the top of the range for those published and applying this to simple random sample standard errors will safe-guard you (in the sense that the most likely error you will make will be to over-estimate the standard error rather than to under-estimate it).
In a similar way it is possible to use this'maximum design factor' to adjust statistical tests so that more conservative p-values are generated. For instance a t-statistic (from a t-test) might be divided by the'max deft' and a chi-squared statistic might be divided by the'max design effect', although this is often extremely conservative. If making use of these types of rule of thumb it is worth being aware of a few general principles: (but it is better to use the software we are illlustrating on this website)
You can check this out with exemplar 2 to see if it is true.
4.7 Misspecification effects
Some software packages (e.g. Stata) provide misspecification effects and misspecification factors as well as design effects and design factors (see above for the latter two). They may appear similar and sometimes (but not always) their values will be similar, but they are really quite different concepts.
The differences between the two types of effect are the following
 - Design effects and factors relate to how well your design is performing compared to a design that is a simple random sample with no clustering, no stratification and no weighting.
 - Misspecification effects and factors are the ratios of variances and standard errors of estimates for your design, compared to the wrong answer you would have got if you had ignored all the design features.
 - Design effects and factors are what you need to evaluate the efficiency of a design
 - Misspecification effects and factors give you how a factor for how wrong you would be if you used the variances and standard errors from an analysis that ignored all the design features, compared to a correct analysis.
Of course you would never dream of doing an incorrect analysis, would you? You are learning from this site after all. But you might have to advise someone without access to appropriate software. So are misspecification effects just what you want to tell people if they should worry about all the complications of design-based analysis? Sadly this is not quite true. The reason for this is weighting. Weighting not only changes the variance of estimates, it also can have large effects on the estimates themselves. So an unweighted analysis will be biassed. The MEFFs and MEFFTs don't tell you about biases.
If you had to advise someone without survey software on whether it was safe to proceed the appropriate advice would be to suggest that they use a weighted analysis with weights scaled to add to the sample size (see section 3.1 on scaling of weights). This gives answers that are bias-adjusted and the standard errors are at least approximately correct. The MEFFs and MEFFTs don't give you the comparison with this analysis. Where unequal weighting changes the precision using MEFFTS will give too big an adjustment to the standard errors.
peas project 2004/2005/2006.


text:
Here is a still from Carl Theodor Dreyer's masterpiece La Passion de Jeanne d'Arc.
Renée Jeanne Falconetti (July 21, 1892 – December 12, 1946) was 35 years old when she played the role of 19-year-old Joan of Arc in La Passion. Her portrayal is widely considered one of the most astonishing performances ever committed to film, and it would remain her final cinematic role.
The original version of the film was lost for decades after a fire destroyed the master negative and only variations of Dreyer's second version were available. In 1981 an employee of the Kikemark Sykehus mental institution in Oslo found several film canisters in a janitor's closet that were labeled as being The Passion of Joan of Arc. The cannisters were sent to the Norwegian Film Institute where they were first stored for three years until finally being examined. It was then discovered that the prints were of Dreyer's original cut of the film before government or church censorship had taken place. There were never any records of the film being shipped to Oslo, but film historians believe that the then director of the institution may have requested a special copy since he was also a published historian.
In 1994, composer Richard Einhorn wrote an oratorio based on the film, entitled "Voices of Light." The libretto is based on excerpts from a variety of ancient writings, most of it from Mediæval female mystics. I highly recommend it.


the overall number of occurrences of each query term in the entire
 document set (not just the current row) and the number of documents in which
 each query term appears. This may be used (for example) to attach a higher
 weight to less common terms which may increase the overall computed relevancy
 of those results the user considers more interesting.
<codeblock>
 -- If the application supplies an SQLite user function called "rank" that
 -- interprets the blob of data returned by matchinfo and returns a numeric
 -- relevancy based on it, then the following SQL may be used to return the
 -- titles of the 10 most relevant documents in the dataset for a users query.
 SELECT title FROM documents
 WHERE documents MATCH <query>
 ORDER BY rank(matchinfo(documents)) DESC
 LIMIT 10 OFFSET 0
</codeblock>

 The SQL query in the example above uses less CPU than the first example
 in this section, but still has a non-obvious performance problem. SQLite
 satisfies this query by retrieving the value of the "title" column and
 matchinfo data from the FTS module for every row matched by the users
 query before it sorts and limits the results. Because of the way SQLite's
 virtual table interface works, retrieving the value of the "title" column
 requires loading the entire row from disk (including the "content" field,
 which may be quite large). This means that if the users query matches
 several thousand documents, many megabytes of "title" and "content" data
 may be loaded from disk into memory even though they will never be used
 for any purpose.

 The SQL query in the following example block is one solution to this
 problem. In SQLite, when a sub-query
 used in a join contains a LIMIT clause, the results of the sub-query are
 calculated and stored in temporary table before the main query is executed.
 This means that SQLite will load only the docid and matchinfo data for each
 row matching the users query into memory, determine the docid values
 corresponding to the ten most relevant documents, then load only the title
 and content information for those 10 documents only. Because both the matchinfo
 and docid values are gleaned entirely from the full-text index, this results
 in dramatically less data being loaded from the database into memory.
<codeblock>
 SELECT title FROM documents JOIN (
 SELECT docid, rank(matchinfo(documents)) AS rank
 FROM documents
 WHERE documents MATCH <query>
 ORDER BY rank DESC
 LIMIT 10 OFFSET 0
 ) AS ranktable USING(docid)
 ORDER BY ranktable.rank DESC
</codeblock>

 The next block of SQL enhances the query with solutions to two other problems
 that may arise in developing search applications using FTS:

 The [snippet] function cannot be used with the above query. Because
 the outer query does not include a "WHERE ... MATCH" clause, the snippet
 function may not be used with it. One solution is to duplicate the WHERE
 clause used by the sub-query in the outer query. The overhead associated
 with this is usually negligible.

 The relevancy of a document may depend on something other than just
 the data available in the return value of matchinfo. For example
 each document in the database may be assigned a static weight based
 on factors unrelated to its content (origin, author, age, number
 of references etc.). These values can be stored by the application
 in a separate table that can be joined against the documents table
 in the sub-query so that the rank function may access them.

 This version of the query is very similar to that used by the
 <a href="_URL_ documentation search
 application.
<codeblock>
 -- This table stores the static weight assigned to each document in FTS table
 -- "documents". For each row in the documents table there is a corresponding row
 -- with the same docid value in this table.
 CREATE TABLE documents_data(docid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, weight);
 -- This query is similar to the one in the block above, except that:
 --
 -- 1. It returns a "snippet" of text along with the document title for display. So
 -- that the snippet function may be used, the "WHERE ... MATCH ..." clause from
 -- the sub-query is duplicated in the outer query.
 --
 -- 2. The sub-query joins the documents table with the document_data table, so that
 -- implementation of the rank function has access to the static weight assigned
 -- to each document.
 SELECT title, snippet(documents) FROM documents JOIN (
 SELECT docid, rank(matchinfo(documents), documents_data.weight) AS rank
 FROM documents JOIN documents_data USING(docid)
 WHERE documents MATCH <query>
 ORDER BY rank DESC
 LIMIT 10 OFFSET 0
 ) AS ranktable USING(docid)
 WHERE documents MATCH <query>
 ORDER BY ranktable.rank DESC
</codeblock>

 All the example queries above return the ten most relevant query results.
 By modifying the values used with the OFFSET and LIMIT clauses, a query
 to return (say) the next ten most relevant results is easy to construct.
 This may be used to obtain the data required for a search applications second
 and subsequent pages of results.

 The next block contains an example rank function that uses matchinfo data
 implemented in C. Instead of a single weight, it allows a weight to be
 externally assigned to each column of each document. It may be registered
 with SQLite like any other user function using [sqlite3_create_function].
<codeblock>
/*
** SQLite user defined function to use with matchinfo() to calculate the
** relevancy of an FTS match. The value returned is the relevancy score
** (a real value greater than or equal to zero). A larger value indicates
** a more relevant document.
**
** The overall relevancy returned is the sum of the relevancies of each
** column value in the FTS table. The relevancy of a column value is the
** sum of the following for each reportable phrase in the FTS query:
**
** (<hit count> / <global hit count&gt) * <column weight>
**
** where <hit count> is the number of instances of the phrase in the
** column value of the current row and <global hit count> is the number
** of instances of the phrase in the same column of all rows in the FTS
** table. The <column weight> is a weighting factor assigned to each
** column by the caller (see below).
**
** The first argument to this function must be the return value of the FTS
** matchinfo() function. Following this must be one argument for each column
** of the FTS table containing a numeric weight factor for the corresponding
** column. Example:
**
** CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE documents USING fts3(title, content)
**
** The following query returns the docids of documents that match the full-text
** query <query> sorted from most to least relevant. When calculating
** relevance, query term instances in the 'title' column are given twice the
** weighting of those in the 'content' column.
**
** SELECT docid FROM documents
** WHERE documents MATCH <query> </


text:
Digital Health Platform Handbook: Building a Digital Information Infrastructure for Health
Abstract: The COVID-19 global health emergency has dramatically underlined the importance of harnessing the full power of digital technologies to strengthen health systems and programmes. The Digital Health Platform Handbook aims to assist countries with the advancement of their national digital health system, specifically through the use of a digital health platform, or DHP. This digital platform provides the underlying foundation for the various digital health applications and systems used to support health and care services. It enables individual applications and systems to interoperate and work together in an integrated manner. It provides a central hub, linking together disparate and unconnected systems and applications, enabling faster, more efficient and more reliable information exchange, and promoting increased access to health data across a range of applications and devices.
Resource Type: Guidance and Tools


text:
Have you heard about the digital pen? Do you know the benefits of a smartpen? If not, you landed in the right place at _URL_
This kind of pen is categorized as the writing instrument, which is battery-operated. With the help of this pen, you have the opportunity to capture all of your handwritten notes digitally. It consists of the Universal Serial Bus. Further, you can upload handwritten notes into your personal computer in an easy way.
To use this electronic pen, you need specific a digital paper. However, it is not hard to get digital paper.
How does the digital pen work?
Most of the masses do not have an idea about the phenomena or working criteria of this pen.
The battery operates the digital pen. It is fruitful in converting analog information based on pen and paper into the digital form of data. After that, you can use it in different kinds of applications. It also contains USB connections. These connections are mainly for the notes. Further, these notes can be uploaded to electronic devices.
You require digital if you want to work with digital pen. After completing your writing, you can easily save your work. This electronic pen gives the confirmation in the form of vibration. By this, you get the idea that you have done with this page, and your work is saved.
Along with this, various electronic pens usually save your handwritten work in the form of the image.
Additionally, some of the smartpens have the feature of wireless functionalities or Bluetooth. By Bluetooth, you can connect it to another electronic device. There is no such difference between the look of the ball pen and the digital pen.
Features of the digital pen
Digital pens are the blend of plenty of features such as:
- Touch sensitivity
- Input Buttons
- Electronic Erasing Capability
To get all these features, you need to buy the best digital pen. As all things are getting digital, why not consider a pen? There are immense numbers of pens available in the market that includes:
- Trackball pen
- Camera Pen (Consists of the camera)
- Active pen
Each pen comes with different features. All you need to do is find out the purpose of buying the pen. If you get the knowledge about the purpose, you can easily filter out the best pen as per your requirements.
With the help of the information mentioned above, you get an idea about the digital pen and its features. Now it is easier for you to find the right pen as per your requirements.
It is not hard to get the right pen for yourself. You can choose the online mode for shopping. Due to it, you will be able to save quality time and choose the best pen.
In the end, digital pens will make your work easier and connect you with the technology. So, say no to your ordinary pen and shift to the digital pen.


< Back to all publications
Malaysia – Protecting The National Cuisine
The Malaysian Tourism Minister's statement that Malaysia intends to stake its claim on recipes synonymous with the country's identity, has sparked controversy among the public. Reaction is especially high in Singapore, where people dispute the origins of certain dishes Malaysia intends to claim.
The Minister later said that Malaysia has no intention to patent local food: "We have to claim ownership on some dishes but I never said we must patent them."
This summarizes the state of IP awareness in Malaysia – confusion and ignorance. The Minister intends to claim proprietary ownership of the recipes, but maintained that the ownership will not mean domination of the product.
However, she was right in saying that Malaysia has no intention to patent the food, as it is impossible to patent food, although the Malaysian Patents Act 1983 does not actually prohibit the registration of a patent of a recipe. With the amount of variation and combination possible to prepare a dish, it is unlikely that it can be patented successfully.
This raises the question: how do we protect a recipe?
Lawyers and food consultants commented that it would be difficult for any country to lay claim to a certain dish. Generic names such as "chicken rice" would be rejected by the patent office. It is possible to stake a claim to a dish by geographical indication (GI) – Hainan, for example, can stake a claim for Hainanese chicken rice as it originated there.
This, however, does not offer any protection at all for recipes. The rationale is the same as patents. The amount of variety available for a dish will make it impossible for one to pin-point exactly the description of a dish which would enable it to be used as a GI.
The most appropriate way to protect a recipe is by a trade mark. Trade marks are not new in the food business. Trade marks like Coca-Cola, McDonalds and Subway have in fact gained international recognition, resulting in an indirect dominance of the recipes that they provided. Brands like Kentucky Fried Chicken, The Manhattan Fish Market and Old Town White Café do indicate the uniqueness of the dishes they provided, and the successful registration of the trade marks has resulted in what the Minister actually wanted – ownership of the dishes.
In light of this, it would be interesting to see how Malaysia goes about branding these famous dishes.


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There are claims often made that, eg, "An ounce of weight at the rims is like adding 7 ounces of frame weight." This is "common knowledge", but a few of us are skeptical, and our crude attempts at working out the math seem to support that skepticism.
So, let's assume a standard 700C bicycle tire, which has an outside radius of about 36cm, a bike weighing 90Kg with bike and rider, and a tire+tube+rim weighting 950g. With the simplifying assumption that all the wheel mass is at the outer diameter, how much effect does adding a gram of additional weight at the outer diameter have on acceleration, vs adding a gram of weight to the frame+rider?
I asked this question over in the physics Stack Exchange.
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The answer I got was 2x -- adding one ounce (or gram) to the wheel at the outer diameter (ie, the tread) is equivalent, in terms of force/energy needed to accelerate, to adding twice that amount to the bike frame.
The answer was a bit involved and takes careful reading to fully understand, but the answer can also be explained with this thought experiment:
If you have a theoretical weightless wheel, fixed to a stationary axle (ie, not rolling on the ground), and you add a mass to its outer diameter, the energy needed to accelerate that added mass to some tangential velocity is the same as the energy that would be needed to accelerate the mass to the same linear velocity (ie, as if it were attached to a weightless bike frame).
But if our theoretical weightless wheel is not fixed on a stationary axle, but is instead attached to our theoretical weightless bike, we are accelerating the mass both tangentially AND linearly so we add the two energy requirements together, meaning it takes 2x the force to achieve the same acceleration and 2x the energy to accelerate to a given speed.
So the answer is 2x (and not 7x or 10x or whatever is often quoted).
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My favorite theoretical tangent is that the earth is just a big circle (it was proven round some time ago) and at any point you are just riding along a tangent... Since the tangent is FLAT... There are no hills when cycling :) => Just gravity. Thanks for sharing this. – Glenn Gervais Dec 27 '11 at 3:42
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text:
Why Zoning is preferable than Triangulation for Indoor RTLS
Performance and cost effectiveness of Zoning Real-time location in comparison with Triangulation methods for indoor applications
The purpose of this article is to show why for indoor RTLS, a zoning-based approach gives far more reliable results than the respective triangulation-based methods, while at the same time being more cost effective.
RFID localization can be done either by triangulation, i.e. using sophisticated algorithms to localize the RFID tag based on compared readings by three or more readers, or by zoning, i.e. allocating a reader to each zone (room), tuning its gain in order to detect only tags in said zone. This article will compare the cost effectiveness and performances of these two approaches in outdoor and indoor environments.
Since the early days of active RFID, manufacturers announced that they would be capable of accurately localizing objects with only three readers, using RF triangulation algorithms. More than ten years after these great promises, let's check what today's situation in real conditions is.
- Relative Signal Strength Intensity (RSSI)
Triangulation methods were initially based on using RF expansion equations and comparing the relative signal intensity received by three different readers from a single tag. The location (coordinates) of the readers is recorded at their initial installation. Solving these equations should theoretically lead to knowing the coordinates of the tag. This method is known as RSSI triangulation. The initial results rapidly showed that this method was not totally accurate outdoors, and clearly unreliable in indoor environments, especially with partitions. Several reasons were identified as the cause of these inaccuracies:
Outdoor environments with line of sight :
The accuracy of the results obtained outdoors with RSSI triangulation were typically +/- 10-15% of the distances between the readers. If the readers are 50 meters apart, the location accuracy will be +/- 7 meters or more.
The main reasons for these inaccuracies are:
The sensitivity of commercial readers varies from one reader to the other.
Reflections in the passage of the beams toward each one of readers (from the floor or other elements) are not identical and cannot be ignored.
Readers at certain distances can be affected by destructive interferences between the direct beam and a reflected beam from the floor or any other possible reflection.
The tag in not uniformly emitting to a range of 360˚.
Indoor environments with partitions
The triangulation-based application in indoor environments with partitions suffers from all the shortcomings mentioned above, in addition to the following problems:
The results of RSSI-based triangulation indoors in an environment with partitions are erratic and unstable. The received signal intensity depends on the type of walls, furniture, persons etc. encountered by the beam on its way between the tag and the reader. Often a path going through open doors, windows and so forth, arrives at the receiver with an intensity that is much higher than the direct path, despite the fact that the length of the pattern of said indirect beam was much greater that the direct line.
Although manufacturers of such systems are trying to average their results over several readings and calibrate the readers upon installation using special installation software, the results remain inaccurate and unstable. Opening a window or a person passing by can move the result by several meters, despite all these attempts to overcome problems that are inherent to this method.
- Wi-Fi based systems
Some companies use Wi-Fi tags and make triangulation calculations according the RSSI received by different access points. Despite being called Wi-Fi, these technologies are in fact a type of RSSI triangulation methods, using special network access points (reading and transmitting the measurement of the signal strength) instead of readers.
The main argument in favor of these systems is the supposed use of the existing Wi-Fi network. However, in real terms the number of additional network points and their respective costs that are necessary in order to reach the accuracy of +/- 3 meters in indoor environments with partition seriously challenge this sales arguments.
Furthermore numerous articles by experts are pointing out significant negative impacts of Wi-Fi based systems; see as one example: _URL_ or Why not Wi-Fi by David Hoglund.
These systems are very complex to deploy and maintain. See another example: _URL_
- Time Difference on Arrival (TDOA)
The second approach to localization by triangulation is to compare the time of arrival of the signals rather than their intensities. The underlying principle is simple: If the distance of a tag varies between the different readers, the closest reader will receive the signal before the second closest reader and so on. The difference in the time of receiving the signals divided by the speed of light should be an indication of the difference in distances between the tag and the three readers, thereby allowing us to calculate the tag's position.
In indoor applications the expected time differences will be in the order of magnitude of few nanoseconds (10-9 second). Consequently:
The readers must use expensive internal crystal clocks.
The LAN must be fully synchronized at the nanosecond level.
These requirements inevitably make the system expensive. Furthermore, in indoor applications more than three readers are necessary in order to get reasonably accurate results even on an area of only 20 x 20 meters, i.e. 10-12 rooms including passages.
In order to compensate for the difference between the electronics of one reader and another some companies use complex tuning procedures as part of the project implementation, while others use patented double-pass measurements that make the system even more expensive.
Some systems use Ultra-wideband (UWB) in order to improve the range of detection by using short pulses over a broader spectral range, generally using higher frequencies (3.1 to 10 Ghz).
All these technologies suffer from multi-pass beams that reduce their localization accuracy.
Outdoor environments with line of sight
TDOA based system are definitely more accurate than RSSI based systems. Their accuracy varies between 5-10% of the distance between the readers, depending on the respective systems and environments.
In practical terms, in an indoor environment with partitions (offices, hospital etc.), four synchronized readers are required to cover approximately 15 rooms. The location accuracy with these systems in indoor applications with partitions varies between +/- 2 to +/-3 meters.
Since the results of the triangulation are expressed in x,y coordinates, ignoring the partitions, a localization accuracy of +/- 2m or +/- 3 meters easily leads to localize a person or an object in the incorrect room.
Zoning methods can be used when the localization requirement is for a zone (room level accuracy). The zoning methods initially used a reader in each zone (room). The gain of each reader is tuned to receive only the signal from tags in said zone.
The results of this method when used in open space are not very accurate, as it is impossible to delimit the RF zones by virtual lines. Reflection and tag orientation can easily lead to locate the tag in the adjacent zone. These errors, however, can be reduced by comparing the respective RSSI levels, but cannot be completely eliminated.
The zoning method is mostly for passages (doors) or indoor environments like office spaces, hospitals and so forth. Tuning the reader for each room at the installation allows precise and stable room level accuracy. Even if a tag close to a wall could be detected by the reader covering the adjacent room, the intensity of the signal - after going through the wall - would be significantly lower than the intensity of the signal received by the reader in the same zone. The software application will therefore consider that the tag is in the correct area.
Dynamic filtering is also used to further increase the localization reliability. Such algorithms take into account the localization of the previous tag signals in the decision process in case of complex situations.
Practically speaking, readers including RSSI tag transmission combined with sophisticated software can warrant approximately 99% accuracy in tag localization, whether on a person or an asset.
- Zoning method first generation
The active tags used by such systems are normally uni-directional, i.e. they "talk" to the reader, but the reader cannot "call" the tag ("Tag talk first"). Such tags have the advantage of being rather inexpensive compared to other system tags.
The installation of a zoning system is simple and stable, which is also a cost-saving factor.
The big disadvantage of this type of system is that it requires one reader per room, which implies the cost of the reader plus the cost of a network point and an electricity point.
- Zoning method second generation
The active tags in this method are bi-directional, i.e. they can emit as well as receive. A single reader is installed and tuned to cover a large area (typically a circle radius of 15 to 20 meters passing through several walls).
A device (zone indicator) is installed in each individual room. This device periodically emits signals indicating to the tags the ID of the zone in which they are located. The zone indicators can be tuned to reach only the tags that are in the room.
Upon receiving the signal from the zone indicator, periodically, or in response to a call by the reader, the tags emit a signal that includes their own ID as well as the ID of the zone in which they are situated.
Zone indicators typically cost only 20-30% of the price of the reader. They are wireless and some of them are even battery operated, so that their installation is very easy and doesn't require any infrastructure.
In order to save the tag battery, some manufactures put the tag in sleep mode. The tag is woken up by the zone indicator.
Zone indicators are normally radio emitters. Some companies use IR emitters as zone indicators, in which case the tags must include an IR sensor.
While for commercial reasons some companies keep


text:
WHAT FLORIDA NATIVE PLANT IS BLOOMING TODAY?: LAUREL OAK; DIAMOND OAK (Quercus laurifolia)
There are dozens of native oaks in Florida. This particular oak was planted by a bird and has grown quickly and with a beautiful pyramid shape. It loses it leaves slowly in January as the new leaves appear so the tree is never completely bare. The portion hanging down is a catkin and it the male flower of the tree.
larval host: Horaces Duskywing (Erynnis horatius) and White M Hairstreak (Parrhasius m-album)
Birds flock to this tree. One day this week I saw blue jay, titmouse, yellow rumped warbler, catbird, hairy woodpecker, red bellied woodpecker, mockingbird, grackle all with just 15 minutes of observation. I've had nesting doves and mockingbirds use it over the years.
Native American Ethnobotany for this genus: _URL_
Where does it grow in Florida? _URL_


text:
Backups / Restore page consists of screenshots from the Backups/Restore Screen in Backup Bank WordPress Plugin.
This page gives an idea about the how to create and manage the following backups :
- Existing Backups : Existing Backups provides ability to manage the Existing Backup.
- Start Backup : Start taking Backup with different Backup Options & Compression Types.
- Schedule Backup : Schedule Backup can schedule backups to either run at a different time or to run repeatedly.
You can perform extra following actions in Existing Backups :
- Apply Button
- Start Backup
- Schedule Backup
- Purge Backups


text:
What does it do:
When purchasing Gift Cards online, the recipient is now simply sent an email, informing them that they have a new Gift Card, and prompting them to claim it by creating an account (or adding their Gift Card to their existing account if they already have one).
What you need to know:
When purchasing a Gift Card online, previously, the purchaser was required to create an account for the recipient (or add the Gift Card to the recipients existing account).
Why is this good:
For privacy reasons, it is no longer possible for the purchaser to create an account on behalf of the recipient. The recipient is asked to create their own account. Each customer is therefore in full control of their own account and personal information.
What does it look like:


text:
This paper presents a novel design for broadband zero-order half-wave plates to eliminate the first-order or up to second-order wavelength-dependent birefringent phase retardation (BPR) with 2 or 3 different birefringent materials. The residual BPRs of the plates increase monotonously with the wavelength deviation from a selected wavelength, so the plates are applicable to the broadband light pulses which gather most of the light energy around their central wavelengths. The model chooses the materials by the birefringent dispersion coefficient and evaluates the performances of the plates by the weighted average of the absolute value of residual BPR in order to emphasize the contributions of the incident spectral components whose possess higher energies.
© 2011 OSA
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Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.


text:
When the Ostra Torn area of Lund, Sweden was further developed in the 1990s, storm water was connected to the old separate storm water system. This increases the risk of flooding near the connection points. In this paper, the function of the system is analyzed using Storm Water Management Model SWMM. Consequences of extreme storms are investigated: It is shown that it is not necessary to connect the new system to the old one, but instead the water could be redirected to flow through a greenway zone to a small creek. A downstream pond can be used to reduce peak flow. A hypothetical open canal system with small ponds is discussed.
|Titel på värdpublikation||Global Solutions for Urban Drainage|
|Förlag||American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)|
|Status||Published - 2002|
|Evenemang||Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on: Urban Drainage - Portland, OR, USA|
Varaktighet: 2002 sep. 8 → 2002 sep. 13
|Konferens||Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on: Urban Drainage|
|Period||2002/09/08 → 2002/09/13|