text:
(D) One-sensed souls
The immobile or one-sensed souls are of five kinds, viz., (i) prthvi-kaya,
i.e., earth-bodied, (ii) ap-kaya, i.e., water bodied, (iii) tejah-kaya,
i.e., fire-bodied, (iv) vayu-kaya, i.e., air bodied, and (v)
vanaspati-kaya, i.e., vegetable-bodied.
The Jaina belief that 'nearly everything is possessed of a soul� has been
characterised as animistic and hylozoistic by some scholars and therefore
they regarded Jainism as a very primitive religion. But a careful study of
Jaina scriptures shows that Jainism cannot be termed as animistic faith
because Jainism makes a clear distinction between soul and non-soul. It
cannot be labelled as animism in the sense that 'everything is possessed
of a soul�.
(E) Many-sensed souls
There are in all five senses of touch, taste, smell, sight and hearing and
therefore the mobile or many-sensed souls are classified accord�ingly into
four classes, viz.,
(i) dvi-indriya jivas, i.e., those souls which have first two senses of
touch and taste, for example, worms, etc.,
(ii) Pi-indriya jivas, i.e., those souls which have first three senses of
touch, taste and smell, for example, ants, etc.,
(iii) chatur-indriya jivas, i.e., those souls which have first four senses
of touch, taste, smell and sight, for example, bumble�bee, etc., and
(iv) pattcha-indriya jivas, i.e., those souls which have all the five
senses of touch, taste, smell, sight and hearing, for example, human
Thus we find that in each class there is one sense organ more than those
of the one preceding it.
(F) Grades of mundane souls
From another point of view mundane beings are divided into four grades
according to the place where they are born or their condition of
existence. The forms of existence or gatis are of four kinds, viz., (i)
naraka-gati, that is, hellish form, (ii) tiryag-gati, that is, sub-human
form, (iii) manusya-gati; that is, human form, and (iv) deva-gad, that is,
It is asserted that mundane beings are born in these four gatis according
to their punya-karmas, i.e., merits or papa-karmas i.e., demerits. Jainism
further believes that for moksa, i.e., complete salvation, birth in the
human form is essential and that those in other forms or gatis will attain
salvation only after taking birth in manusya�gati, i.e., human form.
(G) Characteristics of mundane souls
The mundane souls are always in the impure state, and in this state their
features are described in the classical text Dravya-sarigraha in the
Prakrit language :
Jivo uvaogamao amutti katta sadehaparimano
Bhotta samsarattho siddho so vissasoddhagai
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������ �����ָ������ ��֬���� ���� �������������և� ll
(i) Jiva : It lived in the past, is living now and shall live for ever.
(ii) Upayogamaya : It has perception and knowledge.
(iii) Amurti : It is formless, that is, it has no touch, taste, smell or
(v) Kartr : It is the only responsible agent of all its actions.
(vi) Svadeha parimana : It fills the body which it occupies, for example,
that of an ant or an elephant.
(vii) Bhoktr : It enjoys the fruits of its karmas
(viii) Sarrisarastha : It wanders in Sarir.sara.
(ix) Siddha : It can become in its perfect condition, siddha (ix)
Cfrdhvagati : It has the tendency to go upwards.
As we have seen Jaina philosophy starts with a perfect division of the
universe into living and non-living substances, ajiva and ajiva. The ajiva,
i.e. non-living or non-soul substances are of five kinds, namely, (i)
Pudgala, i.e., matter, (ii) dharma i.e., medium of motion, (iii) adharma,
i.e., medium of rest, (iv) akasa, i.e., space, and (v) kada, i.e., time.
These six substances are called dravyas, i.e., elementary substances, in
Jaina philosophy. It should be noted that the terms dharma and adharma
have a special significance other than the usual meaning of punya and
papa, i.e., merit and demerit.
A dravya has got three characterics as follows : (a) first, dravya has the
quality of existence, (b) secondly, dravya has the quality of permanence
through origination and destruction, and (c) thirdly, dravya is the
substratum of attributes and modes.
Thus the dravya is uncreated and indestructible, its essential quali�ties
remain the same and it is only its paryaya or mode of condition, that can
and does change.
Whatever is perceived by the senses, the sense organs themselves, the
various kinds of bodies of Jivas, the mind, the karmas, and the other
material objects-all of these are known as pudgala or matter.
Dharma is the principle of motion, the accompanying circumstance or cause
which makes motion possible. Just as water itself, being indifferent or
neutral, is the condition of movement of fishes, so dharma, itself
non-motive, is the sine qua non of motion of, jivas and pudgalas Hence
dharma is co-terminus with the universe, and is one substance unlike jiva
and pudgala which are infinite in number.
Adharma or the principle of rest has all the characteristics asso�ciated
with dharnaa. But it is like the earth the sine qua non of rest for things
What contains or accommodates completely all Jivas and pudgalas and the
remaining dravyas in the universe is termed as akasa or space. It is very
pertinent to note that in Jaina philosophy the term akasa means space and
not ether as it is very often interpreted in other systems of Indian
That which is the cause or circumstance of the modification of the soul
and other dravyas is kala, that is, time. It is immaterial and it has the
peculiar attribute of helping the modification of other substances.
It is thus clear that dharma, adharma and akasa are each a single dravya,
whereas jiva, pudgala and kala are held to be manifold dravyas.
Further, it must be remembered that the doctrines of Jainism firmly
emphasize that these six Jiva and a jiva dravyas, i.e., living and
non-living substances, are externally existing, uncreated and with no
beginning in time. As substances they are eternal and unchanging but their
modifications are passing through a flux of changes. Their mutual
co-operation and interaction explain all that we imply by the term
'creation�. Hence the doctrines of Jainism do not admit of any �Creator�
of this universe.
The third principle asrava signifies the influx of karmic matter into the
constitution of the soul. Combination of karmic matter with Jiva or soul
is due to the activity of mind, speech or body. In other words, Yoga is
the name of a faculty of the soul itself, to attract matter under the
influence of past karmas. Hence in the embodied state this faculty rows
Thus Yoga is the channel of asrava. The physical matter which is actually
drawn to the soul cannot be perceived by the senses as it is very line.
Further, asrava is of two kinds, viz. (a) subha asrava, i.e., good infiux,
and (b) asubha asrava, i.e., bad influx.
The subha asrava is the inlet of virtue or meritorious karmas, and a subha
asrava is the inlet of vice or demeritorious karmas.
When the karmic matter enters the soul, both get imperceptibly mixed with
each other. Bandha or bondage is the assimilation of matter which is fit
to form karmas by the soul as it is associated with passions. This union
of spirit and matter does not imply a complete annihilation of their
natural properties, but only a suspension of their functions, in varying
degrees, according to the quality and quantity of the matter absorbed.
Thus the effect of the fusion of the spirit and matter is manifested in
the form of a compound personality which partakes of the nature of both,
without actually destroying either.
The causes of bandha


text:
A study at the University of Leicester aims to understand the reasons why radio signals sometimes act unpredictably- travelling beyond the horizon and interfering with other signals.
This is important because reliable radio signalling is not only economically beneficial, it is important in terms of safety.
Now doctoral research by Naveed Mufti, from Peshawar, Pakistan, is examining transmission of radio signals across the English Channel.
Preliminary results from the study will be showcased at the University of Leicester's Festival of Postgraduate Research on 24 June.
Mr Mufti said: "Unpredictable behaviour by radio signals can disrupt vital communication. The Radio Systems Research Group in the Department of Engineering is conducting a study across the English Channel between Jersey, Alderney and Portland.
"The research is aimed at analysing the data to produce statistics that will aid network designers in predicting interference between radio signals. This is expected to lead to more reliable radio communication and efficient utilisation of available radio resource, generating socio-economic benefits."
Radio communication uses the radio frequency spectrum. Use of the spectrum in 2007 contributed almost 3% of the UK's GDP. In early 2008, Ofcom, the telecom regulator auctioned portions of mostly unused portions of this spectrum, raising roughly £1.4 million.
Mr Mufti added: "Normally, the power of radio signals decreases with distance. Most public-use radio signals are not intended to travel beyond the horizon. However, certain meteorological conditions cause radio signals to travel beyond the expected range. This enhancement potentially causes interference to other systems. Hence, there is a need to fully understand the propagation of radio signals in different environments."
The research is being presented to the public at the University of Leicester on June 24. The Festival of Postgraduate Research introduces employers and the public to the next generation of innovators and cutting-edge researchers, and gives postgraduate researchers the opportunity to explain the real world implications of their research to a wide ranging audience. _URL_
Note to editors
The Radio Systems Group specialises in experimental studies of the influence of the propagation medium on radio systems and on the development of techniques to overcome or to take into account propagation related system performance limitations.Contact:
Naveed Mufti | EurekAlert!
Smart Data Transformation – Surfing the Big Wave
02.12.2016 | Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik FIT
Climate change could outpace EPA Lake Champlain protections
18.11.2016 | University of Vermont
Physicists of the University of Würzburg have made an astonishing discovery in a specific type of topological insulators. The effect is due to the structure of the materials used. The researchers have now published their work in the journal Science.
Topological insulators are currently the hot topic in physics according to the newspaper Neue Zürcher Zeitung. Only a few weeks ago, their importance was...
In recent years, lasers with ultrashort pulses (USP) down to the femtosecond range have become established on an industrial scale. They could advance some applications with the much-lauded "cold ablation" – if that meant they would then achieve more throughput. A new generation of process engineering that will address this issue in particular will be discussed at the "4th UKP Workshop – Ultrafast Laser Technology" in April 2017.
Even back in the 1990s, scientists were comparing materials processing with nanosecond, picosecond and femtosesecond pulses. The result was surprising:...
Have you ever wondered how you see the world? Vision is about photons of light, which are packets of energy, interacting with the atoms or molecules in what...
A multi-institutional research collaboration has created a novel approach for fabricating three-dimensional micro-optics through the shape-defined formation of porous silicon (PSi), with broad impacts in integrated optoelectronics, imaging, and photovoltaics.
Working with colleagues at Stanford and The Dow Chemical Company, researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign fabricated 3-D birefringent...
In experiments with magnetic atoms conducted at extremely low temperatures, scientists have demonstrated a unique phase of matter: The atoms form a new type of quantum liquid or quantum droplet state. These so called quantum droplets may preserve their form in absence of external confinement because of quantum effects. The joint team of experimental physicists from Innsbruck and theoretical physicists from Hannover report on their findings in the journal Physical Review X.
"Our Quantum droplets are in the gas phase but they still drop like a rock," explains experimental physicist Francesca Ferlaino when talking about the...
16.11.2016 | Event News
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09.12.2016 | Ecology, The Environment and Conservation
09.12.2016 | Health and Medicine

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
A means of controlling a horse
mostly used in western
riding. For most of history, horses were controlled using the two reins independently
to indicate which direction
you wanted the horse to go. Of course, in the old west
, this caused a problem becuase you might need a hand for say, shooting or roping
. And you know, training your horse to repsond to leg pressure
is just too much work I guess. Insert neck reining.
So basically what you do is train the horse to respond to the pressure of the reins on the neck. The reigns are tied in a knot so it kinda forms a loop. To move the horse right, you move the reins to the right so that the left rein falls against his neck. When the horse feels the rein on the left side of his neck, he is trained to move away from it, hence he goes in the direction you want. And there you go, one handed control with very little pressure on the mouth being invovled.
And now you know.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The list below provides a description of each parameter used in the SCRFA Fish Aggregation Database.
Aggregation (Fish Spawning): a grouping of a single species of reef fish that has gathered together in greater densities than normal with the specific purpose of reproducing.
Aggregation duration: The length of time (from hours to months) that the spawning aggregation lasts for.
Area of aggregation: An index to provide details of the two-dimensional substrate area over which the aggregation was observed to form at maximum numbers observed.
Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) trend: CPUE is a useful way of quantifying the amount of fish caught in relation to the amount of fishing performed; it is a proxy of abundance. Units depend of the type of fishing, e.g. kgs fish per hook per fisher per hour, number fish caught per 50 m length gill net per day. Changes in CPUE over time can be used to infer changes in the numbers of fish in the spawning aggregation providing certain assumptions are met.
Current status: A qualitative assessment of the Contact's opinion regarding the current status of the aggregation relative to the past. Categories are: Same (i.e. no change); Increasing; Decreasing, Gone. See Status parameter(s).
Direct - the following are critical spawning signs: spawning, hydrated eggs, postovulatory follicles.
Fish numbers: An index to describe the peak (maximum) number of fish observed for a given species in an aggregation at one time.
Habitat: Smaller scale of site details such as rubble, sand channels, seagrass.
Indirect – other signs that suggest the aggregations have formed for the purpose of spawning such as courtship, colour changes observed exclusively in association with reproduction, multiple gravid females.
Management/Protection: This field indicates whether the aggregation is managed or if the aggregating species is protected in any way during the time that the aggregation forms. Examples include a ban on sales during spawning season, Marine Protected Area (no-take), time/area closure, size limits, landing quota, limited entry, none. Enforcement: The level of enforcement for any management measures i.e. Strictly, Moderately, Lightly, None, Don't know. Monitoring type: The methodology used to monitor the aggregation. Examples include visual transects, visual point surveys, landings, test fishing, interviews, CPUE, etc. Monitored by: The affiliation of the person monitoring the aggregation, e.g. individual, organization, government department.
Moon phase: The lunar phase (new moon, first quarter, full moon, third quarter) during which aggregations were noted.
Reef geomorphology: The larger scale coral reef type such as Promontory, Drop-off, Reef Crest, Reef Channel, Inner/Outer Reef, or a verbal description.
Residentwhere individuals travel a short distance, from their typical site of residence, to the aggregation site taking a few hours or less and where spawning may occur many times a year, or
Sign of spawning: It is important to confirm that the aggregation observed has formed for the purpose of spawning (it is not uncommon to observe a non-spawning aggregation e.g. for feeding). Both direct and indirect indications can be used. Direct signs provide unequivocal evidence for spawning; indirect signs are other indications of spawning that need to be accompanied by supportive information.
Status parameter(s): An explanation of the parameters and data used to deduce the current status of the aggregation. Parameters could include data of the following collected over several years: CPUE, numbers of fish, density, extent of aggregation area, average fish size landed. Any changes in fishing practices that could have caused, at least in part, such changes to occur (e.g. changes in gear type used, introduction of fishery management, etc.) are also included.
Tidal movement: Whether the tide was high, low, incoming or outgoing.
Time of spawning: The time of day at which actual spawning (i.e. egg/sperm release) was observed in the field. Examples include Sunset, Sunrise, Noon, or military time.
Traditional knowledge details: Information on spawning aggregations that have been exploited for many generations.
Transientwhere individuals migrate long distances over days or weeks to the aggregation site during a very specific portion of one or two months of the year.
Type of spawning: The type of spawning observed, either pair spawning (male and female pair), or group-spawning (a group of fish rise together in the water column, often comprising a single female and many males).
Type of aggregation: An aggregation refers to a group of fish of the same species gathered together, as indicated by fish densities or numbers being significantly higher than those found during the non-reproductive period.
Visibility: The maximum horizontal underwater visibility when dive surveys were undertaken.
Year discovered: The year the spawning aggregation was first discovered.
Year first exploited: The year the aggregation was first fished.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: We sought to improve the feasibility of strain rate imaging (SRI) during dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) in 56 subjects at low risk of coronary disease. The impact of several SRI changes during acquisition were studied, including: (1) changing from fundamental to harmonic imaging; (2) parallel beamforming; (3) alteration of spatial resolution and (4) narrow sector acquisition. We assessed SR signal quality, a quantitative measure of signal noise and measurements of SRI. Of 1462 segments evaluated, 6% were uninterpretable at rest and 8% at peak stress. Signal quality was optimised by increasing temporal (p = 0.01) and spatial resolution (p < 0.0001 vs. baseline imaging) at rest and peak. Increasing spatial resolution also minimised signal noise (p < 0.0001). Inter-observer variability of time to peak SR and peak SR were less with high temporal and spatial resolution. SRI quality can be improved with harmonic imaging and higher temporal resolution but optimisation of spatial resolution is critical.


text:
have on(redirected from have someone on)
1. have something on. See have nothing on, def. 3.
2. have someone on; put someone on. Deceive or fool someone, as in There was no answer when I called; someone must be having me on, or You can't mean you're taking up ballet-you're putting me on! [Colloquial; mid-1800s]
1. To be wearing something: The dancers had on red shoes. The snowman had a scarf on.
2. To carry something on one's person: Do you have a toothpick on you?
3. To have something scheduled: We have a dinner party on for Friday. Do you have anything on for next weekend?
4. To possess information, usually damaging, about someone or something: Don't worry—the investigators have nothing on you. Anything they have on us won't hold up in court.
5. To tease or mislead by suggesting something is true: Did you really have dinner with the president, or are you just having me on?


text:
National Institute of Standards and Technology - Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology
The NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST) was established in May of 2007 to accelerate innovation in nanotechnology-based commerce. Located in NIST's Advanced Measurement Laboratory Complex on the Gaithersburg, MD campus, the CNST is the only national nanocenter with a focus on commerce. It supports the development of nanotechnology through research on measurement and fabrication methods and technology. The CNST has a unique design which supports the U.S. nanotechnology enterprise through the readily available, shared use NanoFab, as well as providing opportunities for collaboration in multidisciplinary research on new nanoscale measurement instruments and methods. The NanoFab is accessible to industry, academia, NIST, and other government agencies on a cost-reimbursable basis. With a simple application process, the NanoFab provides rapid access to a comprehensive suite of tools and processes for nanofabrication and measurement. While the NanoFab provides a comprehensive suite of commercial tools, the CNST research program is creating the next generation of nanoscale measurement instruments and fabrication methods, which are made available through collaboration with CNST scientists.


text:
The Garden holds approximately 5000 taxa, the collection focusing on medicinal plants and those of ethnobotanical interest, as well as rare and endangered species. We also grow plants named or introduced by people associated with the Garden's history.
The mild microclimate created by the sheltering walls, the river and the Garden's south facing aspect allows us to grow many tender plants, especially from the Mediterranean region and the Canary Islands.
The glasshouses hold a collection of tropical, sub-tropical and Mediterranean species as well as back-up plants of those grown outdoors that may not survive a cold or wet winter.
For more details of the extensive plant collection, see the following:
- Herb & Medicinal plant collections:
- Historical Walk
- Botanical Order Beds
- Island Endemic Flora
- Seasonal views of the Garden
Archive: Superfood Summer 2013


text:
New underground lake is found in Wonder Cave of the Ozarks
Springfield Leader January 27, 1921 page 1 and 10.
"...pool of undetermined size discovered by explorer in Marvel Cave, Stone County
By Harold Nelson
"The natural wonders of Marvel Cave, located in Stone County, 50 miles south of Springfield, have gained further interest through the discovery of another underground lake of considerable extent. The lake connects with Lake Genevieve [note: see page 157 in Caves of Missouri for map], formerly considered the end of the waterway in the great cave.
"The lake was discovered last week by Pete Alexander, owner of a drug store at Branson. A partial exploration of the lake has been made and Alexander is building a special collapsible boat to continue the exploration. A small passageway near the entrance of the cave makes it impossible to take a larger boat into the cave. R. H. Condie, Springfield Boy Scout executive, Dr. G.D. Callaway, director of the Greene county health association, T. Stanley Skinner, dean of the Drury College School of Music, E.S. Shipp and a representative of the The Leader visited the cave yesterday to explore the new found lake, but due to the lack of equipment were unable to get to the shores of the lake.
Joins Lake Genevieve
"The lake is beyond Lake Genevieve, which connects with No Name river, a stream which was discovered many years ago. Seven years ago a group of men from Chicago and a St. Louis newspaperman carried two air tanks through the passages of the cave leading to No Name river and improvised a float on which one of the party floated down the river several hundred feet. He discovered Lake Genevieve, a lake a few hundred feet in width and in length.
"That Lake Genevieve was the end of No Name river was the belief of the men who explored the cave. Last week Alexander on the same float went 750 feet down the river, across Lake Genevieve and in the new lake. [Two or three lines missing.] …entrance to the river or there is danger of becoming lost in the underground waterway.
pSize not determined
"Alexander said after his trip to the lake that he was unable to determine the size of the lake or the height of the ceiling over it. He was equipped with only a small carbide light.
"The Springfield men who visited the cave yesterday in an effort to view the new found lake were unable to reach its shores, although one of the number went down the river for some distance.
"Exploration work difficult.
"It is with great difficulty that the river is reached from the outside. The distance is slightly more than 1,000 feet from the chamber at the entrance of the cave. The first passage encountered on the trip to the river is known as the Rock Crawl. The passage is just large enough for a man to crawl through. The floor of the passage is rough and irregular and is made up of large rocks. It is [300?] feet in length. Water is encountered on the floor of the crawl.
"At the end of Rock Crawl are two chambers probably a hundred feet in height and as much in length, while they vary in width from 25 to 50 feet. These chambers are known as the Epsom Salts chambers on account of the outcroppings of the salts on the walls.
"At the end of the chambers another crawl, the Dry [Dust?] crawl 200 feet in length is encountered. Unlike the first crawl this one is filled with a dry dust and bats, hundreds of them. This crawl ends in a chamber called Pandemonium on account of the irregular shapes of the rocks in it. It is 60 feet high.
"Descend rope to river.
"At one end of this chamber is found a ledge at the foot of which is the river. It is necessary to be lowered over this ledge to the river's edge, 40 feet below. Only a slender person could visit the river as the crevasse in the ledge in which the visitor must be lowered is only a foot wide in places and extremely hard to squeeze through.
For travel on the river a float has been constructed. It is made of two air tanks held together with ropes and boards. The passenger lies down on the float and with a light fastened to his hat, paddles his way with his hands. A sudden turn to the side with the body would mean falling off the float and a bath in the cold water of the river.
"Cave is wonder place.
"Marvel cave, probably the most wonderful cave in the world, was purchased 31 years ago by W. H. Lynch at that time connected with the diplomatic corps of the Canadian government. He visited the place every year until seven years ago, when he and his daughter, Miss Mariam, went there to live. They reside in a quaint old log cabin a quarter of a mile from the entrance to the cave. He owns not only the cave but 800 acres of timber land around it. Although now nearly 80 years of age Mr. Lynch seldom misses a daily visit to the cave.
"Entrance to the cave is gained by descending stairs 150 feet in length. Here the visitor alights on a pile of debris, millions of tons, which has fallen onto the floor of the great chamber. This chamber is between 165 to 185 feet in height [missing lines] The chamber, without removing the debris, could easily accommodated the ten-story Landers building and still there would be room left.
"Monster stalagmite in cave.
"In the chamber, among other features, is a stalagmite, 100 feet in diameter. It is called Liberty bell on account of its bell shape. The size of this stalagmite raises some question as to the largest one in the country. Recently newspaper articles stated that a stalagmite 30 feet in diameter in a cave at Ha Ha Tonka was the largest one in the country. There are two rooms within the Liberty bell in which the stalagmite at Ha Ha Tonka would rest with room to spare.
"Residents of Branson are now making efforts to interest members of the legislature in the cave and surrounding country as a state park. They point out that no official visit has ever been made in the cave by a state official although at several times they have been within a few miles of it."
In a letter from Kevin S. Lotter, Senior Manager, Attractions & Guest Services at Silver Dollar City, "The article makes reference to the area of the cave we now call the Lakes Passage. Originally called No-Name River, the body of water explored in this area of the cave consists of two connected underground lakes. The smaller Lake Genevieve is connected to the larger Lake Miriam."
Find this article at


text:
Real time phase encoded MR for assessment of acute variability of central pulse wave velocity
Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance volume 14, Article number: W51 (2012)
The variability of pulse wave velocity (PWV) with changing arterial wall stress may reflect the degree of aortic stiffness independent of arterial pressure. We implemented a real-time MR flow technique so as to be able to assess acute changes in PWV due to affected arterial blood and/or intra thoracic pressure. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of rapid PWV assessment using the real time MR technique.
We developed a novel real-time MR dual-slice protocol (RT-DS), with interleaved through-plane acquisitions of projected left to right velocity to rapidly measure central pulse wave velocity (PWV). An automated in-house post-processing tool measures mean velocity pulse wave transit time and aortic length, permitting PWV assessment from projected image data. In a pulsatile flow phantom, RT-DS-derived PWV was validated against pressure-wire-PWV (gold-standard) and in-plane 2D phase-contrast MRI (PC-MRI). In 17 healthy adult volunteer scans (mean age, 32 ± 7; mean arterial blood pressure 89 ± 7 mmHg), agreement of PWV by RT-DS was compared with in-plane PC-MRI.
Excellent correlation of assessed PWV between pressure wire (6.35 ± 0.18 m/s) and both RT-DS and PC-MRI scans were observed, (6.20 ± 0.61 m/s, P = 0.70, and 6.33 ± 0.70 m/s, P=0.96, respectively), in vitro. Volunteer velocity profiles with located wave 'foot' locations using both MR scanning protocols are shown in the figure below for comparison. In the volunteer cohort, the RT-DS and PC-MRI scans showed a correlation of 0.9, (r2=0.25, P > 0.04). RT-DS derived PWV was lower than standard PC-MRI (mean difference, -0.46 ± 0.78 m/s). Inter-scan variability of PWV by RT-DS was 0.41±0.32 m/s. Regional PWV between ascending/descending and descending/abdominal aorta lacked reproducibility.
Real-time dual-slice projection phase-contrast MRIS is accurate and reproducible to assess the aortic PWV. The method has potential to detect acute the variability of PWV in response to variation in arterial blood and/or intra thoracic pressure as a measure of arterial stiffness.
Medical Research Council, UK.
About this article
Cite this article
Gaddum, N., Schaeffter, T. & Beerbaum, P.B. Real time phase encoded MR for assessment of acute variability of central pulse wave velocity. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 14 (Suppl 1), W51 (2012). _URL_


text:
A massive, pair of mid-19th century, 'antiquarian', oak, bookcases in the English, Renaissance, Revival style, inspired by the chimneypiece from the Old Palace, Bromley-by-Bow, dated 1606 by Vredeman de Vries, now in the British Galleries at the V&A, Museum, and the wooden Screen in the Great Hall at Knole Park, KentSeptember 18, 2019 1:54 pm
These bookcases are executed in the 'antiquarian' manner. The English, Renaissance Revival style was very fashionable during the second half of the nineteenth century and the ornament has its roots in the Italian Renaissance. Their form is reminiscent of the earliest domestic examples now in the Pepys Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge. The carved decoration is similar to that which would have been found in numerous houses in and around London in about 1600, reflecting the latest Renaissance style. The finely carved male and female busts above festoons of drapery and split baluster ornament on the pilasters are virtually identical to those on the fireplace of the panelled room from the Old Palace, Bromley-by-Bow, dated 1606 by Vredeman de Vries, now in the British Galleries at the V&A, Museum Number _PHONE_. Similar decoration is also found on Wooden Screen in the Great Hall at Knole Park, Kent which was probably carved by William Portinton in the early 1600's.
Each bookcase is in two sections. The cornices are decorated with applied and carved, strapwork ornament. The uprights are headed with columns and male and female caryatids above festoons of drapery with split baluster ornament below. The tops are fitted with adjustable, open shelves. The lower sections are open with the uprights mirroring the reeding above. The sides are panelled on the lower section and boarded above, headed with a return of the cornice. These bookcases have come from a large country house, and the return cornice, ends and moulding on one side of each bookcase appear to be later additions so that they are freestanding. They stand on turned, bun feet. English, last half of the 19th century.
This post was written by joecollinson


text:
[b-hebrew] Perception influenced the origin of the Hebrew alphabet?
George.Athas at moore.edu.au
Thu Jan 21 19:04:42 EST 2010
The main issue I have with your discussion here is that it seems to be approaching a Semitic language from a largely Indo-European perspective. I think the discussion needs to pay far more attention to the actual construction and internal logic of Semitic languages, especially the concept of triliteral roots (that's not to discount biliteral and quadriliteral). I don't think it's a question of active or passive use of vowels, but rather of the function of consonants and vowels. Syllables are, I believe, a completely secondary issue in word formation and alphabetic notation within Hebrew, whereas in Indo-European languages it's far more important because they do not have Hebrew's basic triliteral construction model.
Moore Theological College (Sydney, Australia)
More information about the b-hebrew


What is the meaning of the Hamsa? The Meaning of the Hand of Fatima.
by Hulyah London
The hamsa is a fascinating ancient symbol often found in jewellery, clothing and art. But what does the hamsa represent?
Let's take a look at the meaning of this enigmatic symbol in Buddhism and Hinduism, as well as Jewish and Muslim cultures.
The hamsa is an ancient Middle Eastern symbol that holds a variety of meanings across cultures. Nevertheless, it is regarded in all faiths as a protective talisman that brings good fortune, health and happiness.
The hamsa is primarily used to protect its owner from the 'Ayin Ha'ra,' also known as 'The Evil Eye'. The hamsa wards off any potential negative forces, with the most common being envious glares from those with ill intentions. The earliest use of the hamsa can be traced back to ancient Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) where it was worn as an amulet to protect against the evil eye.
In Jewish faiths, the hamsa represents the hand of God and is known as 'The Hand of Miriam'. Miriam was the virtuous sister to Moses (who led the Israelites out of Egypt) and Aron (who became the first High Priest). Miriam's honourable life led her to becoming a symbol of great protection and luck.
Hamsa is also the hebrew word for five, and while some believe this represents the five fingers on the talisman, others say this symbolises the five books of the Torah: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy.
In Muslim culture, the hamsa is known as 'The Hand of Fatima'. Fatima Al Zahra was the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) and his first wife, Khadija. 'Al Zahra' is said to mean the shining one. As Fatima is seen as pure and without sin, The Hand of Fatima is considered a symbol of protection, power and strength.
The Hand of Fatima symbolises the Five Pillars of Islam: Faith, Prayer, Pilgrimage, Fasting and Charity. Muslim communities also refer to the hamsa as 'Khamsa', the Arabic word for five.
In Buddhism and Hinduism, the hamsa takes on a very different meaning. For Hindus and Buddhists, the hamsa represents the chakras, the five senses and their associated mudras (hand gestures) that re-direct energy flow throughout the body.
 - ThumbFire element / solar plexus chakra.
 - ForefingerAir element / the heart chakra.
 - Middle FingerEthereal elements / throat chakra
 - Ring FingerEarth element / root chakra
 - Pinkie FingerWater element / sacral chakra
Whatever your cultural interpretation of the hamsa, keeping this symbol closeby is said to bring positivity, good luck and happiness.
(Taken from ishka )


text:
Date of Conferral
Doctor of Education (Ed.D.)
Students in Pennsylvania are falling behind in reading proficiency. Early literacy skills are the foundation for future reading success and students who have not learned to read proficiently by the end of 3rd grade have an increased chance of failing to achieve academic success. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to investigate the relationship between preschool teachers' perceived self-efficacy for literacy instruction and preschool literacy assessment scores of students at local private preschool classrooms. The research question focused on the relationship between preschool teacher self-efficacy for literacy instruction and student literacy achievement. Bandura's self-efficacy theory served as the theoretical foundation of the study. Preschool teachers' (n = 31) perceived levels of self-efficacy for early literacy instruction was measured using the Komlodi Assessment for Self-efficacy (KASE) survey. A Pearson correlation analysis of the KASE survey data along with preschool student literacy assessment scores from the Teaching Strategies GOLD preschool assessment was completed to determine whether a relationship exists. The results, however, revealed no significant correlation between teacher self-efficacy and student literacy achievement. The findings suggested that the preschool teachers perceived themselves as effective in both literacy instruction and knowledge of literacy concepts, but less efficacious in their ability to diagnose and provide successful interventions to students struggling with literacy. Recommendations include offering professional development opportunities to strengthen the skills where preschool teachers feel less effective. A focus on professional development and support for teachers may promote social change as students achieve higher early literacy proficiency and become successful members of society.


text:
Related issues: Issue DEFSTRUCT-SLOTS-CONSTRAINTS-NAME
Edit history: V1, 11 May 90, Sandra Loosemore
V2, 29 May 90, Sandra Loosemore (cross-references)
The use of non-keywords for slot names in _TAG_ reader/printer
syntax is ugly. The standard ought to encourage a cleaner
(1) Deprecate the use of non-keywords to name slots in _TAG_ syntax
for reading structures.
(2) Require that _TAG_ syntax for printing structures print slot
names as keywords.
This encourages a cleaner style while maintaining backward
compatibility for users.
Some implementations already use keywords for printing
structures, while some use unqualified symbols. Practice among
users is also mixed. Many users tend to follow the example of
whatever implementation they use most frequently.
Cost to Implementors:
The actual implementation cost of changing the _TAG_ printer
is trivial, but there may be more work involved in updating
Cost to Users:
Cost of non-adoption:
Using keywords is probably slightly more efficient than using
unqualified symbols, at least on the reader end.
The use of non-keywords to name slots in _TAG_ syntax is ugly.
Technically, there is no reason now why both users and
implementors cannot use keywords, but the fact that CLtL
goes out of its way to explain that it's not necessary to
do so, and that all of the examples of _TAG_ syntax use non-keywords,
has encouraged both users and implementors to follow this style.
Proposal DEFSTRUCT-SLOTS-CONSTRAINTS-NAME:DUPLICATES-ERROR made
it clear that DEFSTRUCT slot names must have unique
symbol-names. Therefore there is no possibility for conflicts
if the slot names are printed as keyword symbols.
Several people have voiced support for at least changing the
examples in the standard to use keywords, to encourage both
users and implementors to adopt the style.
Dan Pierson says:
Yes, YEs, YES! I've been wanting this fix for bogus implementations
since CLtL came out and ******lisp interpreted it the other way.


Java Quickstart
Complete the steps described in the rest of this page to create a simple Java command-line application that makes requests to the Classroom API.
To run this quickstart, you need the following prerequisites:
 - Java 1.8 or greater
 - Gradle 2.3 or greater.
 - A G Suite for Education account with Google Classroom enabled
Step 1: Turn on the Classroom API
Click this button to create a new Cloud Platform project and automatically enable the Classroom API:
Enable the Classroom API
Step 2: Prepare the project
 1. In your working directory, run the following commands to create a new project structure:
 gradle init --type basic
 mkdir -p src/main/java src/main/resources
 2. Copy the credentials.json file you downloaded in Step 1 into the src/main/resources/ directory you just created.
 3. Open the default build.gradle file and replace its contents with the following code:
apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'application'
mainClassName = 'ClassroomQuickstart'
sourceCompatibility = 1.8
targetCompatibility = 1.8
version = '1.0'
repositories {
dependencies {
 compile ''
 compile ''
 compile ''
Step 3: Set up the sample
Create a file in the src/main/java/ folder with the following filename and code:
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
public class ClassroomQuickstart {
 private static final String APPLICATION_NAME = "Google Classroom API Java Quickstart";
 private static final JsonFactory JSON_FACTORY = JacksonFactory.getDefaultInstance();
 private static final String TOKENS_DIRECTORY_PATH = "tokens";
 * Global instance of the scopes required by this quickstart.
 * If modifying these scopes, delete your previously saved tokens/ folder.
 private static final List SCOPES = Collections.singletonList(ClassroomScopes.CLASSROOM_COURSES_READONLY);
 private static final String CREDENTIALS_FILE_PATH = "/credentials.json";
 * Creates an authorized Credential object.
 * _USER_ HTTP_TRANSPORT The network HTTP Transport.
 * _USER_ An authorized Credential object.
 * _USER_ IOException If the credentials.json file cannot be found.
 private static Credential getCredentials(final NetHttpTransport HTTP_TRANSPORT) throws IOException {
 // Load client secrets.
 InputStream in = ClassroomQuickstart.class.getResourceAsStream(CREDENTIALS_FILE_PATH);
 if (in == null) {
 throw new FileNotFoundException("Resource not found: " + CREDENTIALS_FILE_PATH);
 GoogleClientSecrets clientSecrets = GoogleClientSecrets.load(JSON_FACTORY, new InputStreamReader(in));
 // Build flow and trigger user authorization request.
 GoogleAuthorizationCodeFlow flow = new GoogleAuthorizationCodeFlow.Builder(
 HTTP_TRANSPORT, JSON_FACTORY, clientSecrets, SCOPES)
 .setDataStoreFactory(new FileDataStoreFactory(new
 LocalServerReceiver receiver = new LocalServerReceiver.Builder().setPort(8888).build();
 return new AuthorizationCodeInstalledApp(flow, receiver).authorize("user");
 public static void main(String... args) throws IOException, GeneralSecurityException {
 // Build a new authorized API client service.
 final NetHttpTransport HTTP_TRANSPORT = GoogleNetHttpTransport.newTrustedTransport();
 Classroom service = new Classroom.Builder(HTTP_TRANSPORT, JSON_FACTORY, getCredentials(HTTP_TRANSPORT))
 // List the first 10 courses that the user has access to.
 ListCoursesResponse response =
 List courses = response.getCourses();
 if (courses == null || courses.size() == 0) {
 System.out.println("No courses found.");
 } else {
 for (Course course : courses) {
 System.out.printf("%s\n", course.getName());
Step 4: Run the sample
Build and run the quickstart with the command:
gradle run
 2. Click the Accept button.
This app isn't verified.
Further reading


text:
"In pre-Colonial days, the Bowery was a country lane, running between the 'bouweries' (farms) of the Dutch burghers," the caption to this 1888 photo reminds us. It's part of the fascinating photo collection New York Then and Now, published by Dover in 1976.
The 19th century history of the Bowery is well known: it went from premier entertainment district to a skid row of cheap theaters, flophouses, and eponymous bums.
What's interesting in the above photo of Bowery at Canal Street is that the tracks of the Third Avenue El, constructed in 1878, are on each side of the street.
"In 1915 the structure and stations were rebuilt, with the addition of an express track, and were moved to the center of the street, providing more light for pedestrians and stores," the book explains.
Here is the same intersection in 1975. No more elevated; no more horses and wagons. Chinatown has edged in, yet most of the tenements that existed 87 years earlier are still there.
And so is the faded ad for "Carriage Materials" on the east side of the street!
The carriage materials ad has been painted over by 2013, and some of the old tenements and the big wooden water tower on the far right are gone too.
The intersection of Bowery and Canal Streets looks like one more bustling traffic-choked corner.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am writing a package that saves information to an external file. I would like to name that file according to the source one; something like foo.tex -> foo.bar But I cannot find any variable that contains 'foo'. I am pretty sure that there must be one because the table of contents is saved to foo.toc.
Any pointers?
share|improve this question
For this purpose \jobname is always the right way to go. If you want to get the real main file name, which can be different from the job name if it is changed using the -jobname compiler argument, then see Macro to retrieve the real name of the source file if pdflatex is invoked with -jobname – Martin Scharrer May 8 '12 at 7:53
2 Answers 2
up vote 20 down vote accepted
You want the macro \jobname. This isn't quite the filename; to quote from the TeX FAQ:
TeX retains what it considers the name of the job, only, in the primitive \jobname; this is the name of the file first handed to TeX, stripped of its directory name and of any extension (such as.tex). If no file was passed (i.e., you're using TeX interactively), \jobname has the value texput (the name that's given to.log files in this case).
So if you're processing foo.tex, \jobname will be foo (which, of course, is probably what you want anyway).
share|improve this answer
Curiously, TeX does retain the current line number, see inputlineno – Yossi Gil Feb 28 '11 at 3:58
You are looking for \jobname.
EDIT: To add some value to my answer - pages 288-289 of the LaTeX2e sources contain the definition of \_USER_, the command that reads/writes ToC data from/to external files. This definition reveals the answer to your question.
share|improve this answer
Thank you for the link. It is always nice to have good sources. – Hector Dec 13 '10 at 1:33
Your Answer


text:
Navy cloth binding with gilt title on the spine and front board.
F.B.A. provides an in-depth photographic presentation of this item to stimulate your feeling and touch. More traditional book descriptions are immediately available.
A lovely late 19th century synopsis of this famous town.
John Willis Clark (1833 – 1910), sometimes J. W. Clark was an English academic and antiquarian.
Clark was born into a Cambridge University academic family, and was a nephew of Prof. Robert Willis. Educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, he spent his life at the university, serving as Fellow of Trinity, Superintendent of the Cambridge University Museum of Zoology from 1866 to 1892, and Registry of the university. He was also Secretary of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society.He received the honorary degree Doctor of Letters (D.Litt.) from the University of Oxford in October 1902, in connection with the tercentenary of the Bodleian Library.Clark died in 1910, and is buried in the Mill Road cemetery, Cambridge. His son was Sir William Henry Clark.
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: Clean up any fuel that flows from the hose coupling or fuel-pump fitting.
 5. Rotate the nut for the fuel pump/sending unit counterclockwise and remove the nut and seal (Figure 79)
 6. Carefully lift and rotate the fuel pump/sending unit out of the neck of the fuel tank (Figure 80).
 Important: Use caution when handling the fuel pump/sending unit to avoid damaging the arm for the float of the sending unit.
 g032543
 Replacing the Fuel Filter
 1. Remove the pickup tube of the fuel filter from the fitting of the fuel pump (Figure 81).
 Note: Discard the fuel filter.
 g028351
 2. Align the pickup tube of the new fuel filter with the fitting of the fuel pump (Figure 81).
 3. Align the long leg of the fuel filter with float when the float arm is in the empty position (Figure 81).
 4. Insert the fuel-pump fitting into the pickup tube until the fitting is fully seated (Figure 81).
 Installing the Fuel Pump and Sending Unit
 1. Support the float arm and pickup tube together and slip the float and fuel filter into the opening in the fuel tank (Figure 80).
 Important: Ensure that the float and the long leg of the filter are pointing forward in the tank and the fitting at the top of the fuel pump points 90° toward the centerline of the machine.
 2. Seat the fuel pump/sending unit into the opening in the tank (Figure 80 and Figure 81).
 3. Install the seal and nut over the fuel pump/sending and onto the neck of the fuel tank and tighten the nut hand tight (Figure 80).
 4. Connect the coupling on the fuel hose to the fitting of the fuel pump (Figure 80).
 Note: Ensure that the locking sleeve of the fuel-hose coupling secures the coupling to the pump fitting.
 5. Connect the 2-socket connector of the machine-wiring harness to the 2-pin connector of the fuel pump/sending unit; Connect the 2-pin connector of the machine-wiring harness to the 2-socket connector of the fuel pump/sending unit (Figure 80).
 6. Rotate the starter switch to the ON position and check the fuel-hose coupling for leaks.
 Note: If the coupling leaks, rotate the starter switch to the OFF position, remove the key, remove the coupling, check the coupling and fitting for dirt or damage, and install the hose and coupling onto the fitting.
 Note: Repair any fuel leaks before proceeding to the next step.
 7. Assemble the cover to the tank with the 4 screws (#10 x 3/4 inch) that you removed in step 2 of Removing the Fuel Pump and Sending Unit.
 8. Torque the screws to 113 N•cm (10 in-lb).
 Draining the Fuel Tank
 Maintenance Service IntervalMaintenance Procedure
 Every 400 hours
 - Drain and clean the fuel tank.
 - Drain and clean the fuel tank if the fuel system becomes contaminated or if you plan to store the machine for an extended period. When cleaning the fuel tank, use fresh, clean fuel to flush out the tank.
 1. Transfer the fuel from the tank into an approved fuel container using a siphon pump, or from the machine before you pour the fuel out of the tank fill spout into the fuel container.
 Note: If you remove the fuel tank, you will need to disconnect the fuel hose and electrical connectors from the fuel pump and sending unit; refer to Removing the Fuel Pump and Sending Unit.
 2. Flush the tank with fresh, clean fuel, if necessary.
 3. Replace the fuel filters; refer to Replacing the Fuel Filter.
 4. Install the tank if you removed it in step 1.
 Note: If you remove the fuel tank, you will need to connect the fuel hose and electrical connectors to the fuel pump and sending unit ; refer to Installing the Fuel Pump and Sending Unit.
 5. Fill the tank with fresh, clean fuel.
 Bleeding the Fuel System
 Use this procedure after you have serviced the fuel filter or ran the engine out of fuel, and the engine does not start.
 1. Ensure that you have 1/2 tank of fuel in the fuel tank.
 2. Insert the key into the starter switch and rotate it to the ON position.
 3. Rotate the key to the OFF position.
 4. Attempt to start the engine.
 5. If the engine does not start, repeat steps 2 and 3 several times and then attempt to start the engine.
 Note: Repeat step 5 until the engine starts.
 Electrical System Maintenance
 Electrical System Safety
 - Disconnect the battery before repairing the machine. Disconnect the negative terminal first and the positive last. Connect the positive terminal first and the negative last.
 - Charge the battery in an open, well-ventilated area, away from sparks and flames. Unplug the charger before connecting or disconnecting the battery.
 - Wear protective clothing and use insulated tools.
 Replacing the Fuses
 The fuse block for the electrical system is located beneath the operator's seat (Figure 82).
 g034159
 Servicing the Battery
 Maintenance Service IntervalMaintenance Procedure
 Every 50 hours
 - Check the battery-cable connections.
 - Warning
 Battery posts, terminals, and related accessories contain lead and lead compounds, chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and reproductive harm. Wash hands after handling.
 Always keep the battery clean and fully charged. Use a paper towel to clean the battery and battery box. If the battery terminals are corroded, clean them with a solution of 4 parts water and 1 part baking soda. Apply a light coating of grease to the battery terminals to prevent corrosion.
 Voltage: 12 V with 690 cold cranking amps at 0°F (-18°C)
 Removing the Battery
 1. Position the sprayer on a level surface, engage the parking brake, shut off the spray pump, shut off the engine, and remove the key.
 2. Remove the battery cover and disconnect the negative (black) ground cable from the battery post (Figure 83).
 g014029
 Warning
 Incorrect battery cable routing could damage the sprayer and cables causing sparks. Sparks can cause the battery gasses to explode, resulting in personal injury.
 - Always disconnect the negative (black) battery cable before disconnecting the positive (red) cable.
 - Always connect the positive (red) battery cable before connecting the negative (black) cable.
 Warning
 Battery terminals or metal tools could short against metal sprayer components causing sparks. Sparks can cause the battery gasses to explode, resulting in personal injury.
 - When removing or installing the battery, do not allow the battery terminals to touch any metal parts of the sprayer.
 - Do not allow metal tools to short between the battery terminals and metal parts of the sprayer.
 - Always keep the battery strap in place to protect and secure the battery.
 3. Disconnect the positive (red) cable from the battery post.
 4. Remove the battery.
 Installing the Battery
 1. Set the battery on the battery box so that the battery posts are away from the sprayer.
 2. Connect the positive (red) cable to the positive (+) battery post and the negative (black) cable to the negative (–) battery post using the bolts and nuts.
 3. Slide the insulator boot over the positive battery post.
 4. Install the battery cover and secure it with the strap that you removed previously (Figure 83).
 Important: Always keep the battery retainer in place to protect and secure the battery.
 Charging the Battery
 Important: Always keep the battery fully charged. This is especially important to prevent battery damage when the temperature is below 32°F (0°C).
 1. Remove the battery from the chassis; refer to Removing the Battery.
 2. Connect a 3 to 4 A battery charger to the battery posts and charge the battery at a rate of 3 to 4 A for 4 to 8 hours (12 V).
 Important: Do not overcharge the battery.
 3. Install the battery in the chassis; refer to Installing the Battery.
 Storing the Battery
 If you are storing the machine for more than 30 days, remove the battery and charge it fully. Either store it on a shelf or on the machine. Disconnect the battery cables if the battery is stored on the machine. Store the battery in a cool atmosphere to avoid quick deterioration of the charge in the battery. To prevent the battery from freezing, ensure that it is fully charged.
 Drive System Maintenance
 Inspecting the Wheels/Tires
 Maintenance Service IntervalMaintenance Procedure
 After the first 8 hours
 - Torque the wheel-lug nuts.
 - After the first 200 hours
 - Pack the front wheel bearings.
 - Every 100 hours
 - Torque the wheel-lug nuts.
 - Inspect the condition and wear of the tires.
 - Every 400 hours
 - Pack the front wheel bearings.
 - Torque the lug nuts at the front wheels to 75 to 102 N∙m (55 to 75 ft-lb) and the lug nuts at the rear wheels to 95 to 122 N∙m (75 to 90 ft-lb).
 Operating accidents such as hitting curbs can damage a tire or rim and also disrupt wheel alignment, so inspect tire condition after an accident.
 Checking the Planetary-Gear-Drive Lubricant
 Lubricant specification: SAE 85W-140 gear lubricant
 g238953
 1. With the machine on a level surface, position a wheel so that the fill plug is at the highest (12 o'clock) position and the drain plug is at the lowest (6 o'clock) position (Figure 85).
 g238952
 2. Remove the check plug (Figure 50).
 You should see the oil level at the bottom of the threads in the oil level hole.
 g238949
 3


text:
Butterflies are some of the most beautiful and colorful creatures that nature has to offer.
Their patterns and colors carry so many stories.
Within their vibrant world, there exists a unique and captivating butterfly that sparks curiosity and wonder: the black and blue butterfly.
The blue and black butterfly is often seen as a symbol of transformation, rebirth, and profound spiritual growth. Think of it as the universe's way of nudging you towards a path of enlightenment and self-discovery.
Blue and black butterflies are actually some of the rarest butterflies you can spot. So it comes as no surprise that this mysterious winged being also holds a profound spiritual significance.
The color black is known for holding mystery and depth. The color blue is said to evoke a sense of calm, serenity, and spiritual connection.
So when you put these two colors together on a magical creature like the butterfly, the significance becomes immensely powerful.
There are several rich interpretations and messages that we can get from black and blue butterflies.
So in this article, we are diving into ancient wisdom and cultural beliefs to shed light on the true meaning of these beautiful butterflies.
- 1 What Does It Mean to See a Blue and Black Butterfly?
- 2 Meaning of Black and Blue Butterfly Flying Around You
- 3 Black and Blue Butterfly Meaning in the Bible
- 4 The Spiritual Meaning Behind the Colors: Blue and Black
- 5 How Does the Symbolism of a Black Butterfly Differ from a Blue One?
- 6 What Does the Blue Butterfly Emoji Mean in Spiritual Contexts?
- 7 Black and Blue Swallowtail Butterfly Meaning
- 8 Rebirth and Renewal: How Blue and Black Butterflies Symbolize New Beginnings
- 9 Fertility and the Blue and Black Butterfly: A Timeless Connection
- 10 How Do Blue Butterflies Influence Spiritual Growth and Inner Peace?
- 11 Black and Blue Butterly Meaning – Final Words
What Does It Mean to See a Blue and Black Butterfly?
Ever wondered why the universe sent that blue and black butterfly your way? It's not just a random fly-by. This butterfly carries a dozen divine messages, each tailored just for you. Let's flutter through them together.
1. Embrace Your Transformation
Just as the butterfly emerges from its cocoon, you too, are on the brink of a significant change. The universe is nudging you: it's time to spread those wings and soar!
2. Trust Your Intuition
The deep blue of the butterfly signals a call to trust your gut. Feel that inner pull? It's your intuition speaking. Listen closely.
3. Unravel the Mysteries Within
Black, the color of the unknown, beckons you to explore the depths of your soul. What secrets are you holding onto? Dive in and discover.
4. Luck is on Your Side
This butterfly is a harbinger of good fortune. Whether it's in love, career, or personal growth, expect some positive vibes coming your way.
5. You're Destined for Greatness
The universe doesn't send this butterfly to just anyone. It's a sign that you're on a path to achieve something truly remarkable.
6. Recharge Spiritually
Feeling drained? The butterfly's dance is a reminder to recharge your spiritual batteries. Seek solace in meditation or nature.
7. Love and Connection Await
This butterfly symbolizes deep connections. Whether it's rekindling old bonds or forging new ones, love is in the air.
8. Harness the Power of Duality
Black and blue together signify the balance of calm and mystery. Embrace both aspects in your life for a harmonious journey.
9. A New Adventure Awaits
Much like the butterfly's journey, you're about to embark on a new adventure. Pack your bags (spiritually speaking) and get ready!
10. Your Guardian Angels Are Near
Feel a protective aura? That's because this butterfly is a sign that your guardian angels are watching over you, guiding your path.
11. Release Past Baggage
The butterfly's fleeting nature is a reminder to let go of past hurts and regrets. It's time to move forward with grace.
12. Celebrate Your Uniqueness
Just as no two butterflies are the same, celebrate what makes you unique. The universe adores your individuality.
My Experience With Butterflies
If I were to choose one animal that represents me, it would be a butterfly. I LOVE butterflies and have always felt so close to them.
Mostly because they have gone through such difficult journeys. They have had a whole rebirth!
I love the idea of being able to seclude yourself in your own little cocoon and burst from it bigger and better than ever!
Growing up, I mostly had Monarch butterflies around me. However, one day I spotted a blue and black butterfly and I literally thought my eyes were playing tricks.
It was gorgeous!
It really made me stop and think about all the wondrous creatures that nature has to offer us and how blessed we are to see them.
See this related post about orange and black butterfly.
Meaning of Black and Blue Butterfly Flying Around You
Ever felt like you're not alone, especially when that blue and black butterfly seems to be doing a merry dance around you? Let's uncover the magic behind this celestial waltz.
1. A Message from the Universe
When a butterfly, especially one as special as the blue and black one, circles around you, it's not just a random flight pattern. It's the universe's way of saying, "Hey, I see you, and I've got a message for you."
2. You Have a Destiny
This isn't just any dance; it's a dance of destiny. The butterfly's flight pattern around you is a sign of protection, guidance, and a nudge toward your spiritual path.
3. Your Personal Guardian Messenger
Think of this butterfly as your personal messenger from the cosmos. It's here to guide, protect, and sometimes, just to remind you that you're loved and watched over.
4. Time to Reflect and Meditate
When this butterfly circles you, take a moment. Breathe in deeply, close your eyes, and meditate. What feelings or thoughts arise? This is your soul speaking.
5. Embrace the Energy
The energy of the blue and black butterfly is potent. Embrace it. Let it wash over, cleanse, and fill you with wisdom.
Black and Blue Butterfly Meaning in the Bible
Ever wondered how the ancient scriptures, like the Bible, view our mystical blue and black butterfly? While the Bible might not mention our butterfly explicitly, it's rich with symbols and metaphors that resonate with its essence. Ready to decode?
1. A Biblical Tale of Transformation
Remember the story of the resurrection? Just as Christ rose, the butterfly emerges, symbolizing rebirth, renewal, and a new beginning. Feeling the connection?
2. Trust the Divine
The butterfly's journey from caterpillar to its full glory is a testament to faith and perseverance. Similarly, the Bible teaches us to trust in the divine plan, even when the path seems uncertain.
3. The Colors Speak Volumes
Blue, often seen in biblical contexts, represents heaven, divinity, and truth. Black, on the other hand, can signify mystery or periods of waiting. Together, they paint a picture of life's spiritual journey.
4. Messages of Hope and Faith
Just as the butterfly spreads its wings against all odds, biblical stories inspire hope, urging us to believe in miracles and the power of faith.
5. Embracing Life's Seasons
The Bible teaches us that there's a time for everything. Similarly, the butterfly's life stages remind us to embrace each season of our lives, trusting that each brings its own blessings.
The Spiritual Meaning Behind the Colors: Blue and Black
Colors aren't just about aesthetics; they carry profound spiritual meanings. Ever paused to ponder what the colors blue and black on a butterfly might signify?
Let's explore this colorful journey together.
Blue: The Divine Whisper
Blue isn't just a hue; it's a heavenly whisper. Ever felt an inexplicable calm looking at the vast blue sky or the deep ocean? That's the universe speaking in color.
Blue is the color of intuition, inner wisdom, and spiritual insight. Feeling a bit lost? Let the blue guide you back to your inner compass.
Blue also symbolizes peace, serenity, and a depth of understanding. It's a gentle reminder to breathe, relax, and trust the journey.
Black: The Enigma Unveiled
Black, often misunderstood, is so much more than just the absence of light. It's the canvas of the cosmos, the backdrop against which stars shine brightest.
Black beckons you to explore the unknown, to embrace the mysteries of life and the universe.
Black is also a symbol of strength, resilience, and endurance. It reminds you of your inner power, urging you to stand tall, even in the face of adversity.
You should also read the spiritual meanings of a black and yellow butterfly.
A Symphony of Spiritual Significance
When blue and black come together, especially on the delicate wings of a butterfly, they create a symphony of spiritual messages. It's a dance of depth, mystery, intuition, and divine guidance.
How Does the Symbolism of a Black Butterfly Differ from a Blue One?
Ever found yourself pondering the individual magic of black and blue butterflies? While together, they create a mesmerizing dance of spiritual significance; each color has its own unique tale to tell.
Black Butterfly: Embracing the Shadows
The black butterfly isn't just about the night; it's about the magic that lies within the shadows.
Black urges you to delve deep, to explore the uncharted territories of your soul.
Black symbolizes strength, resilience,


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Synthetic test circuit
For investigation of the switching capability of vacuum switches a synthetic test circuit is used.
As core element a capacitor bank is available to produce high pulsed currents. With a various set of coils different pulse widths and pulse shapes can performed.
Test current: up to 35 kA effective
Current waveforms: 50 Hz sinus, 25 Hz sinus, trapezoidal with 7 ms flat top
Transient recovery voltage: up to 50 kV
Maximum energy: 1,35 MJ
Charging voltage of high current circuit: up to 15 kV
High voltage circuit: up to 30 kV
For synthetic tests on circuit breakers a test circuit is used, which is based on the principle of current superposition, also known as Weil-Dobke circuit.
The breaking current is produced by the high current source. The transient recovery voltage is applied to the device under test with a separate high voltage source.
With this setup a breaking test according the standard IEC 62271 and others analyses can be performed.
During the investigations several measurement values can be recorded. For this a transient recorder is responsible. For different requirements special measuring channels are available. A rough overview over the technical specifications is given:
- Number of analog channels: 54
- Maximal resolution: 18 bit
- Maximal input voltage. +/- 1 kV
- Maximal sample rate: 250 MS/s
To transfer the measurement data a galvanic insulated fiber optic transmisson line between recorder and user computer is used.


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African American Civil War Museum
MCN Build modernized the African American Civil War Museum into a centerpiece of the U Street community. The modern historical attraction features interactive display areas, interactive video screens, and observation areas. Commemorating the more than 200,000 U.S. soldiers who served in the United States Colored Troops during the Civil War, these modern, highly educational exhibitions highlight the soldiers and their stories.
African America Civil War Museum
Devrouax & Purnell Architects


between famous stochastic processes used in BNL. (A double circle denotes basic processes, and a single circle denotes outcomes from manipulations.)
4.1 Layering
The base measure of a stochastic process can either be a continuous or discrete, and the realisation of a stochastic process is a random measure. Hence, it is possible to use a random measure from one stochastic process as the base measure for other stochastic processes to share the statistical strength between these processes. Take document modelling for example. The random measure in the upper layer could be the topic pool and the lower measure at the document level could be the topics in a document. The existing new Bayesian nonparametric priors based on this manipulation are summarised as follows.
Hierarchical Dirichlet Process (HDP). HDP [167] is built by piling one DP on top of another DP(s) to transfer some statistical strengths from top layer to the bottom layer. For example, suppose a top measure $G_0$ over $\Theta$ is with a DP ($\alpha$, $H$) prior and $G_d$ is the measure in the bottom layer also with a DP ($\alpha _d, G_0$) prior, then we have
\begin{equation} \begin{aligned} G_d \sim \text{DP}(\alpha _d, G_0), \,\,\,G_0 \sim \text{DP}(\alpha, H). \end{aligned} \end{equation}
Meanwhile, each random measure $G_d$ is conditionally independent with others given $G_0$. HDP is the first and most successful model to use this manipulation; hence, many extensions to this model have been developed, including: supervised [36], incremental [67], nested [129], adapted [195], tree [17], evolutionary [185], and dynamic versions [139].
Hierarchical Pitman-Yor processes (HPYP). Similarly to HDP, HPYP [110] piles one PYP on top of other PYP(s). Unlike HDP, HPYP has two parameters: a concentration parameter $\alpha$ and a discount parameter $\beta$.
\begin{equation} \begin{aligned} Y_d \sim \text{PYP}(\alpha _d, \beta _d, Y_0), \,\,\,T_0 \sim \text{PYP}(\alpha, \beta, H). \end{aligned} \end{equation}
The discount parameter $\beta$ controls the power-law property so that the PYP degenerates to a DP when $\beta =0$. This power-law property means that HPYP is well suited to document and network modelling.
Hierarchical Beta Process (HBP). Akin to HDP, HBP [170] was proposed to make the different BPs share the same discrete measure (an infinite number of probabilities) from a global BP through
\begin{equation} \begin{aligned} B_d \sim \text{BP}(c_d, B_0), \,\,\,B_0 \sim \text{BP}(c, H). \end{aligned} \end{equation}
BP is an effective tool for the factor analyses and HBP were designed as a way to share factors during this process. Hence, they have been successfully used for document classification, convolutional factor analysis [26], shared subspace learning [80], image interpolation, and denoising [201].
Gamma-Negative Binomial Process (GNBP). In contrast to HDP and HBP, GNBP [197] is not composed of a single process (e.g., a DP and a BP), but rather of two processes: a GaP and a NBP as follows:
\begin{equation} \begin{aligned} I_d \sim \text{NBP}(p, \Gamma _0), \,\,\,\Gamma _0 \sim \text{GaP}(c, H). \end{aligned} \end{equation}
More layers could be added by assigning further random measures to $H$ from another GaP.
Beta-Negative Binomial Process (BNBP). Analogous to a negative-binomial distribution, a BNP has two parameters. While GNBP places a GaP on one parameter, another BNBP layering manipulation [14] is to place a BP on another parameter as follows:
\begin{equation} \begin{aligned} I_d \sim \text{NBP}(B_0, r), \,\,\,B_0 \sim \text{BP}(c, H). \end{aligned} \end{equation}
Enriched Dirichlet Process (enDP). EnDP [173] could be viewed as a special case of HDP, which is defined as
\begin{equation} \begin{aligned} G_{\theta } \sim \text{DP}(\alpha, H_{\theta }), \,\,\, G_{\phi |\theta } \sim \text{DP}(\alpha _{\phi |\theta } G_{\theta }) \end{aligned} \end{equation}
and aims to model the joint distribution of $(\phi, \theta)$ but with more flexibility and convenience (conjugacy) than a process that uses a direct product base measure.
4.2 Superposition
Superposition is used to combine two or more random measures together, like a "plus" operation. If layering is considered to be a form of vertical manipulation, then the superposition is a horizontal manipulation.
Superposition of Poisson Processes. According to the Superposition Theorem in Reference [102], it is known that combining a set of independent Poisson processes yields a new PP with a mean measure that is the sum of the mean measures of the individual processes:
\begin{equation} \begin{aligned} \Pi _1 \oplus \cdots \Pi _n \sim \text{PP}(\mu _1 + \cdots + \mu _n) \end{aligned} \end{equation}
where $\Pi _n \sim \text{PP}(\mu _n)$. Given the relationship between PP and completely random measures, this theorem has become the foundation for the superposition of other processes.
Superposition of Dirichlet Processes. Inspired by the superposition of PP, the authors of Reference [112] proposed the superposition of DP as follows:
\begin{equation} \begin{aligned} (c_1, c_2, \ldots, c_n) &\sim \text{Dir}(\mu _1(\Omega), \mu _2(\Omega), \ldots, \mu _n(\Omega))\\ c_1G_1 \oplus c_2G_2 \oplus \cdots \oplus c_nG_n &\sim \text{DP}(\mu _1 + \mu _2 + \cdots + \mu _n), \end{aligned} \end{equation}
where $\lbrace G\rbrace$ is a set of independent DPs.
Superposition of Normalised Random Measures (SNRM). Since DP is a special case of NRM, the superposition manipulation of DP has been extended to the more general NRMs [28] as follows; the superposition of $n$ independent normalised random measures $\lbrace \mu _j\rbrace ^n_{j=1}$ on $\Theta$ is
\begin{equation} \begin{aligned} \mu _1 \oplus \cdots \oplus \mu _n &= c_1\mu _1 + \cdots + c_n\mu _n, \end{aligned} \end{equation}
where $c_n = \frac{\mu _n(\Theta)}{\sum _j \mu _j(\Theta)}$. This more general definition extends this manipulation to more situations.
4.3 Subsampling
Subsampling (randomly) selects parts of infinite components in a random measure from a stochastic process. When certain conditions are satisfied, the selected components form a new random measure from an underlying process.
Thinned Poisson Process [112]. Based on the Marking Theorem [102], let $\Pi \sim \text{PP}(\mu)$ be a PP on the space $\Theta$, and a measurable function $q : \Theta \rightarrow [0, 1]$. If independently drawing $z_{\theta } \in \lbrace 0, 1\rbrace$ for each $\theta \in \Pi$ with $P(z_{\theta } = 1) = q(\theta)$, then a new PP is
\begin{equation} \begin{aligned} \Pi _t &= \lbrace \theta \in \Pi : z_{\theta } = 1\rbrace \sim \text{PP}(q\mu), \end{aligned} \end{equation}
where $\Pi _t$ still satisfies a PP on $\Theta$ with mean measure $q\mu$.
Thinned Completely Random Measures (TCRM) [59]. Let $\Pi = \sum _{k=1}^{\infty }\pi _k \delta _{\theta _k}$ be a CRM on $\Theta$ and a measurable function $q : \Theta \rightarrow [0, 1]$. For each point $(\theta _k, \pi _k)$, we define a Bernoulli variable $r_k$ with $P(r_k = 1) = q(\theta _k)$ (independent with other $\lbrace


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Information and discussion on all aspects of British photographic history
I just purchased noted French pioneering photographer Henri Le Secq's camera. Here are some of the details.
Henri Le Secq: The Photographer's Camera and Equipment. , 9.44 x 11.81 in. (240 x 300 mm), a wooden camera attributed to the photographer Henri Le Secq and coming from his family with an invoice for it made out to Le Secq. It is 24 x 30 cm and has vertical and horizontal lifts and swings, a black bellows, and a ground glass with handwritten pencil formats from 9 x 12 to 24 x 30 cm. The camera is missing the lens. There are two camera backs marked "Gilles Brothers" 24 x 30 cm and numbered in their carrying case. Also comes with a printing frame 38 x 28.5 cm. The group includes an invoice to M. Le Secq from the "Gilles Brothers" dated July 17, 1871. Provenance: the photographer's family; Jakobowicz & Associés Auction.
Henri Le Secq was one of the most important early photographer's of the 19th-century. He was one of only four photographer's chosen by the French government to be a part of the Mission Heliographique project of 1851-52.
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The China Insurance Regulatory Commission (CIRC) is instituting sweeping changes through its three-tiered China Risk Oriented Solvency System (C-ROSS) framework that will dramatically impact how (re)insurers conduct business. It will strengthen capital requirements, risk management and transparency disclosures – bringing China in line with, and in some cases overtaking, global standards. The C-ROSS framework is similar to Solvency II: three tiers focusing on quantitative, qualitative and disclosure requirements.
The C-ROSS framework was developed rapidly and implementation timing is aggressive. Before C-ROSS, capital requirements were based only on premium levels and recent loss experience. The CIRC researched various solvency standards and in May 2013 published a paper explaining the conceptual framework for C-ROSS.
Industry testing started in 2014 with the aim to evaluate the reasonableness and practicability of the C-ROSS formula. The most updated version of C-ROSS was published on February 13, 2015, and the transition period of the solvency system with respect to meeting the capital requirements commenced. In the transition period, (re)insurers will run Solvency I and C-ROSS in parallel and report the results under the two solvency systems to the CIRC. Full implementation of C-ROSS is anticipated in January of 2016. Less than three years from concept to full implementation: celerity of which European Insurance and Occupational Pension Authority officials can only dream, but time will tell if C-ROSS is ready for the market, and vice versa.
Pillar 1 will include various risk factors applied to premium, reserve and catastrophe risk based on lines of business. A table comparing the premium and reserve risk factors for C-ROSS and Solvency II is below.
Credit risk charges are also included in the analysis, which will significantly impact reinsurance cessions and how international reinsurers conduct business in China. For example, cedents who use offshore reinsurers are penalized with credit risk factors ranging from 8.7 percent to 86.7 percent depending on reinsurer approval in domiciled countries and collateral positions. By contrast, cessions to onshore reinsurers are 0.5 percent to 4.7 percent when reinsurers meet a greater than 100 percent solvency ratio threshold. Collateral is recognized to offset some of the risk charge applied to cessions to foreign reinsurers. Retrocession business to offshore reinsurers is less punitive, with risk factors on recoverables from reinsurers rated AAA to BBB- ranging from 0.5 percent to 11.5 percent, respectively.
The large risk charge discrepancy is anticipated to increase cessions to onshore reinsurers at a cost to foreign carriers. Recent discussions have indicated various approaches by international reinsurers, including establishing a domestic capitalized branch, writing through the local Lloyd's operation or writing retrocession to access China-based exposures. It is anticipated that the CIRC will recognize funds withheld and letters of credit as collateral for reinsurance purposes.
The CIRC has also announced a system for tracking and approving reinsurance companies writing business in China. The Reinsurance Registration System (RRS) is anticipated to launch in January 2016 to coincide with C-ROSS. Domestic and international reinsurers and brokers will be required to register in the RRS.
Cedents must select companies that are approved on the RRS or potentially face penalties from the CIRC. Brokers and reinsurers that are not compliant from a truthfulness or timeliness standpoint will be barred from the RRS for a number of years.
RRS applicants must be recommended by a China-based affiliate, cedent or broker as well as meet various solvency and rating requirements. The registration is valid for three years, after which the reinsurer must renew its application.
C-ROSS anticipated areas of impact:
- Larger, multiline insurers may experience better outcomes based on receiving a diversification benefit.
- Small, monoline or thinly capitalized companies may need to raise capital or consider strategic alternatives.
- All companies will likely feel pressure to upgrade enterprise risk management capabilities.
- Increased consolidation is likely.
- Potential created for new, low-cost providers due to lower capital charges on certain lines.
- C-ROSS creates a protected market for domestic reinsurers, including Lloyd's and global reinsurance groups that have domestic operations. This may contribute to increased volatility in reinsurance and retrocession pricing.


Prehistory of the Lea Valley: Stone Age to Iron Age
Prehistory of the Lea Valley: Stone Age to Iron Age c.1,000,000 BC – 43AD
This incredible period of history lasted over 1,000,000 years. Dramatic changes in climate shaped the landscape we see today. The oldest period is known as the Stone Age because of the main material people used to make tools with at the time. Remains of these tools, and the animals that were hunted with them can still be found around this area and many of them are on display in Lowewood Museum.
There are three periods within the Stone Age, which mark changes in the stone tools that were made. During the Palaeolithic, or Old Stone Age, the main tool was the handaxe. This was a large piece of flint with one rounded edge that fitted comfortably in the hand. There was also a sharp edge that could be used for a range of different jobs such as cutting meat and wood, scraping animal hides or making other tools. In the Mesolithic, or Middle Stone Age, stone tools got smaller and a range of different tools were made to suit different jobs. In the Neolithic, or New Stone Age, stone tools were polished which made them much stronger.
During the Palaeolithic period there were great changes in the climate between cold and warm periods. During cold periods the landscape round here was covered by wide open grasslands where woolly mammoth, woolly rhino and bison thrived. In warmer periods grasslands were replaced by forests which suited different animals, such as straight tusked elephants and aurochs, an ancient type of wild cattle.
Mammoth Tooth
Molar tooth of a woolly mammoth.
Elephant Tusk and Flints
Bone of a straight tusked elephant, flint axes and hammer stone.
During the Mesolithic period which started about 8,800 BC, the climate warmed again. Forests grew and different animals such as wild boar, deer, foxes and badgers moved here across the land bridge with Europe. Mammoth and other animals that preferred cold conditions moved further north and across to what we now know as Siberia. The land bridge was finally cut off about 6,500BC when sea levels rose. People had to adapt their tools to suit hunting different animals in a different landscape. They made small arrowheads for hunting deer in forests and smaller scrapers for cutting and cleaning meat and skins.
In the Neolithic period, people used stronger polished stone tools to cut down trees and plough land so they could grow food by farming as well as hunting.
The Bronze Age began around 2,600BC when people worked out how to extract metal ore from rock. Bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, could be heated until it turned into liquid, and then poured into clay moulds to make axe heads useful for clearing even more land for farming. The majority of Bronze Age objects in the Museum's collection were found in Half Hide Lane, Cheshunt during an archaeological dig in 1983.
Around 800 BC, the Iron Age began when people worked out how to create the high temperatures needed to heat iron and hammer it in to shape. Iron was even stronger than bronze, allowing for more tools and equipment to be made. Wooden fragments on display in Lowewood Museum are evidence of a possible Iron Age Lake Village was found at Fishers Green.
Find out more about the prehistoric people, animals and places of Broxbourne within Lowewood Museum's Braham Gallery.


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The Centre for the Study of Bible and Mission (CSBM) exists to serve the Global Church by promoting missional engagement with the Bible, and biblical engagement with mission thinking and practice.
We aim for CSBM to be an internationally recognised centre of excellence for exploring the vital relationship between the Bible and mission:
- Promoting, deepening and broadening the conversation on missional hermeneutics within the academy
- Enthusing, equipping and supporting the next generation of missional hermeneutics scholars and scholar-practitioners;
- Embedding mission into the reading, preaching, and studying of the Bible in the local churches


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Digital Milan: LAGOS SPACE PROGRAMME project 5
Sartorial Project Exploring African-futures.
'Lagos Space Programme is a conceptual, avant-garde, luxury Nigerian fashion brand. We offer intellectual, ready-to-wear high-end crafted collections while exploring parallel concepts through multidisciplinary collaboration projects.
Adeju Thompson is a 29-year-old Lagos, Nigeria-based designer. Educated in England, his designs aim to challenge obsolete norms around blackness, African design, masculinity and beauty.
Founded in 2018 Lagos Space Programme is a non-binary design project exploring African futures through lens informed by slow fashion and by dissecting the intersection of Thompson's life experiences, thereby communicating ideas of individuality, proposing new ways to understand beauty by collaborating with indigenous artisans such as Bronze casters from the ancient city of Benin to women Adire dyers from Osogbo.
Thompson aims to continue centuries old conversations around design practices— knowledge transfer, acknowledgment of cultural, traditional techniques reinterpreted in modern context are at the core of the brand's ethos as well as sustainability, reducing inequalities amongst communities, fair pay, local sourcing, responsible production and consumption as Pre-Order models are strictly followed.'
–Lagos Space Programme


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Ivi Sims, AM.AIRAH
Building Environmental Wellness Group
Heat removal of VOC
In building construction, bake-out is the use of heat to remove volatile organic compounds (VOC) such as solvents remaining in paint, carpets, and other building materials after construction, to reduce annoying odours or improve indoor air quality. The building interior is heated to a much higher temperature than normal and kept at that temperature for an extended period of time to encourage such compounds to vaporise into the air, which is then vented (released to the atmosphere). The study of building bake-out has been established for more than 30 years. Sims will present an overview on how useful this technique can be to help expedite VOC from a building, but also the hazards of performing a bake-out and not expelling gases correctly. Sims will review two case studies from Townsville – one a new townhouse and the other an established townhouse where bake-outs were performed.


Free essay on scientific method
Free essay on scientific method
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Use of PhyloChip for Microbial Source Tracking to Support Watershed Restoration in Nebraska
Since E. coli contamination is the main cause of impaired streams in Nebraska, Locating sources of E. coli has been a huge priority for Nebraska environmental managers. While some potential sources have been explored, some have been overlooked in recent research. This project will use advanced technology, including the PhyloChip, to identify relationships between E. coli and potential animal sources and improve monitoring efforts for source location. The results will inform watershed planning and reduce the cost needed to fill key information gaps.


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A pioneering study presented at EHRA 2019, a European Society of Cardiology (ESC) congress, reports that the ear can be used for electrocardiogram (ECG) signal detection. In the study, a novel ECG device utilised signals from the ear and hand to check heart rhythm. This new ECG not requiring two hands could be used by drivers, athletes, and the military, according to researchers.
"Mobile ECG devices present a major opportunity to detect atrial fibrillation, the most common heart rhythm disorder, and thereby prevent strokes and reduce hospitalisations," said study author Dr. Raffaele De Lucia, of the University Hospital of Pisa, Italy. "All commercially available portable ECG devices require both hands, but what if symptoms happen while driving?"
The study included 32 consecutive healthy volunteers (cardiology students and nurses). An ECG was first performed by the standard method, which uses the index and middle finger of each hand. A second ECG was conducted using the index and middle finger of the left hand and a clip attached to the left ear. (See image)
All ECGs were printed and analysed by the device and by two cardiologists who were blinded to which method had been used. No differences were detected in the ECG results obtained by the two methods. The findings, Dr. De Lucia noted, clearly show that the ear can be used as an innovative anatomical site for ECG signal detection in healthy adults. "We are now conducting further studies to validate this method in patients with cardiac arrhythmias," the author added.
The study's findings also pave the way for a new kind of single lead ECG wearable device which leaves one hand free, making it easier to use. In addition to detecting previously undiagnosed atrial fibrillation, the ECG device could be used to evaluate physical performance during exercise, prevent fainting, and check the heart during symptoms including dizziness and breathlessness.
For patients already diagnosed with cardiac conditions such as atrial fibrillation, the device could help with monitoring their condition, according to Dr. De Lucia and co-authors.
Image Credit: ESC