In trying to implement a client, I am wondering what is the most efficient approach to figure out if you are on a fork.
Let's say you pick a peer at random and go through IBD using the headers-first approach. After reaching the tip of the chain, what is the most efficient way to check whether this is the longest chain?
I'm guessing you have to ask your peers what their best header is, and based on the response and some heuristic, decide whether you are on the longest chain or not. Is this simply done via getheaders? What is the heuristic? And what do you do if you find out you're on a fork?
Pointers to the relevant code in bitcoin or btcd would also be appreciated.
EDIT: In case this isn't obvious, I'm not asking whether it can know with certaintiy that it is on the longest chain (it can't), but rather what is the best effort attempt to remain on the longest chain at all times.
First of all, finding the longest chain is not the goal, but the chain with the most accumulated proof-of-work [1]
Now, finding the most-work chain is the entire goal of the full node. The whole meaning of its existence is finding the most-work chain, and so you can pick almost any line out of the networking and validation modules of the code and explain it in those terms.
To be a bit more specific:
 - The full node connects to at least 8 peers. More recent versions connect to 2 extra peers in 'blocks only' mode. Peers are chosen to be as diverse as possible (by IP subnet or AS map). If a new block has not been added within a certain timeout (I think it's 40 minutes) Bitcoin Core adds one more outgoing peer.
 - The full node sends a getheaders request to each peer and keeps track of the best block each peer knows about.
 - If a peer has a valid block header with greater accumulated work than our current tip, we ask it for the corresponding blocks. If those blocks are valid, it becomes our new chain tip. A reorganization may or may not be necessary to get to that state.
If you understand conceptually how headers-first sync works, the function FindNextBlocksToDownload() is the next step. This is where the node decides if a peer has headers with greater work than its current chain tip, and requests those blocks from that peer.
So all we can do is connect to a lot of peers and assume that at least one of them knows about the most-work chain. This makes peer discovery and choosing which peers to connect to of critical importance.
 - Thanks, this is really helpful. Looking at FindNextBlocksToDownload, the part I'm still trying to understand is: if after finishing your header sync, a peer gives you headers you've never seen, and which don't connect to your chain, how are you going to judge whether they have more accumulated work? – cloudhead Aug 25 '20 at 20:46
 - 1
 Since we can not verify "orphan" headers, we do not request those blocks. The getheaders message includes something called a locator that the receiving peer uses to determine where their chain connects to your chain, and sends you headers from that point: en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Protocol_documentation#getheaders – pinhead Aug 25 '20 at 20:55
 - 1
 I see, so peers will end up sending chains that connect, by using the locators.. makes sense! – cloudhead Aug 25 '20 at 21:00
Your Answer


text:
The setambun is the close relative of the rambai (B. motleyana) which tastes much like the langsat or duku. The genus belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae which has important members like the Rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) and the important ingredients of yummy nonya kuah thickener, the buah keras (Aleurites moluccana). In Mid-March quite a number of the individuals were in flower in MacRitchie and its not easy to miss the flowering tree as the flowers, set on longish slender stalks are bunched around the trunk like a skirt (cauliflory is a term describing the position of flowers on the trunk of a tree) and give off a pleasant lemon-scent. The long stalks were laden with fruits by early June when we visited the spot again. It is noted to flower gregariously after a dry spell.
Corner, E.J.H. (1988). Wayside Trees of Malaya.Vol 1. The Malayan Nature Society, KL, Malaysia. p 274-278.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Low carbon heating in domestic buildings - technical feasibility: report
A report undertaken to assess the suitability of low carbon heating technologies in residential buildings in Scotland.
Motivation and methodology
Scotland's Climate Change Plan set an ambition for emissions from buildings to be near zero by 2050, and targets 35% of domestic and 70% of non-domestic buildings' heat to be supplied using low carbon technologies by 2032. The Climate Change (Emissions Reduction Targets) (Scotland) Act 2019 set a new target for emissions to be net zero by 2045, with interim targets of 75% by 2030 and 90% by 2040. The update to the Climate Change Plan will be published at the end of 2020 to reflect these new targets. The Energy Efficient Scotland programme, launched in May 2018, sets out a wide range of measures to promote low carbon heating alongside energy efficiency improvements in Scotland's buildings. Meeting these targets will require almost all households in Scotland to change the way they heat their homes. It is therefore imperative to advance our understanding of the suitability of the available low carbon heating options across Scotland's building stock.
The aim of this work is to assess the suitability of low carbon heating technologies in residential buildings in Scotland. The outputs generated through this work will form a key part of the evidence base on low carbon heat which the Scottish Government will use to further develop and strengthen Scotland's low carbon heat policy, in line with the increased level of ambition of achieving Net Zero by 2045.
The study was carried out around three key stages, represented in the diagram below.
Review of technical feasibility of low carbon heating in homes → Creation of a model representing the Scottish domestic building stock in 2017 and 2040 → Analysis of the suitability of low carbon heating in current and future Scottish homes
The first stage focussed on the review of technical feasibility of low carbon heating in homes. A comprehensive literature review of the factors influencing suitability and of the barriers to deployment of low carbon heating in domestic buildings was performed, including any features that could be relevant in the Scottish context. The information thus collected was utilised for the identification of the most relevant attributes that should be considered in the following stage for the creation of a stock model.
The second stage aimed at the creation of a model representing the Scottish domestic building stock. A set of useful attributes influencing the suitability of low-carbon heating technologies in Scottish homes was identified, based on the available information on the buildings stock offered by Home Analytics. The existing domestic building stock in 2017 was then mapped to the produced list of archetypes. Finally, a scenario for the deployment of energy efficiency measures was developed according to the targets of the Energy Efficient Scotland Route Map, in order to identify the characteristics of the likely building stock in 2040.
In the last stage an analysis of the suitability of each of the archetypes representing the Scottish domestic building stock for a set of 26 low-carbon heating systems was performed. The suitability of the current and future Scottish domestic building stock for low-carbon heating could therefore be tested and the characteristics and number of homes that are suitable only for a restricted range of low-carbon heating technologies was more closely examined.
Creation of a model representative of Scotland's domestic building stock
The archetypes utilised in the stock model are determined by a list of attributes that can assume a range of values. While the set of attributes is fixed for all archetypes, each archetype is uniquely identified by a different combination of attribute values.
The choice of attributes to be included in the archetype definition was based on relevant attributes influencing the suitability of low-carbon heating and on information provided by Home Analytics on the characteristics of the Scottish housing stock.
Attributes selected for the creation of dwelling archetypes
Attributes / Values
- Flat (block)
- Flat (other)
- Small (< 66 m2)
- Medium (66 - 108 m2)
- Large (> 108 m2)
- SWI - Solid wall insulated
- SWU - Solid wall uninsulated
- CWI - Cavity wall insulated
- CWU - Cavity wall uninsulated with low exposure
- CWU exposed - Cavity wall uninsulated with high exposure
- <100 mm
- 100-250 mm
- >250 mm
- Room in roof
- No loft
Existing heating system
- Gas boiler
- Oil boiler
Orientation suitable for solar thermal
Gas network location
- On gas grid
- Off gas grid
District heating potential
From this list, a set of ~140,000 different dwelling archetypes was produced, each representing a unique combination of all chosen attribute values. Each archetype constitutes therefore a simplified representation of a dwelling, equipped with a unique set of physical and geographical characteristics that are useful in the assessment of low-carbon heating suitability.
In order to calculate the stock of each dwelling archetype in the Scottish landscape, all existing homes in Scotland entered in the Energy Saving Trust (EST) Home Analytics database were aggregated based on the chosen attributes. The number of existing homes represented by each archetype was therefore included in the model, providing information on the number of real homes that may be associated with the same suitability constraints of a particular archetype.
Scotland's housing stock in 2017 and 2040
An initial useful output of the stock model is a representation of the characteristics of the current Scottish housing stock, based on a set of interesting attributes. The assessment of the current state of the Scottish housing stock is based on information available for the year 2017.
Vertical bar chart showing that Scotland's housing stock in 2017 consisted of approximately 2.46 million homes, which are broken down: by age (479,000 were built pre-1919, 1,521,000 between 1919 to 1991 and 460,000 post 1991); by property type (151,000 are flats (blocks), 845,000 flats (other), 246,000 terraced, 697,000 semi-detached and 521,000 detached); by size (625,000 are small, 1,225,000 medium and 609,000 large-sized); by amount of wall insulation, by amount of roof insulation, by heating system (1,843,000 have a gas boiler, 184,000 oil boiler, 340,000 electric storage heating and 93,000 other heating systems); and by whether they have designated heritage status.
Energy efficiency measures will need to be implemented between 2017 and 2040 to comply with the requirements imposed by the Energy Efficient Scotland Route Map, including fabric measures influencing the type of insulation and annual space heating demand.
In order to assess the influence of the implementation of expected energy upgrade measures on the characteristics of the existing building stock in 2040, EST's Portfolio Energy Assessment Tool (PEAT) was used to forecast future changes. The influence of the implementation of energy efficiency measures considered by PEAT on the characterisation of the housing stock primarily affect two of the modelled attributes: wall insulation and roof insulation, the modification of which is reported in the figure below.
A horizontal bar chart shows the expected upgrade in wall and roof insulation in Scotland's 2.46 million homes between the years 2017 and 2040. The bar chart to the left breaks down wall insulation and shows that SWI homes will increase from 494,000 in 2017 to 1,124,000 in 2040, 714,000 SWU will decrease to 83,000, 175,000 CWU will decrease to 27,000, 232,000 CWU exposed will decrease to 36,000 and 846,000 CWI will increase to 1,190. The bar chart to the left breaks down roof insulation and shows that 98,000 homes with less than 100 mm in 2017 will decrease to 2,000 in 2040, 536,000 between 100 to 250 mm will decrease to 53,000, 874,000 with more than 250 mm will increase to 1,698,000, 295,000 with room in roof will decrease to 49,000 and 658,000 homes with no loft will remain the same.
The number of homes with wall insulation (Solid Wall Insulated or Cavity Wall Insulated) is expected to increase from 54% of the stock in 2017 to 94% in 2040, with nearly two thirds of wall insulation upgrade interventions performed on solid wall homes.
While 27% of dwellings in Scotland are not connected with their building's roof and therefore require no roof insulation (value "no loft"), the number of homes with roof insulation of less than 250 mm thickness or with poorly insulated room-in-roof is expected to reduce from 38% of the stock in 2017 to 4% in 2040.
Barriers to technical suitability of selected low-carbon heating technologies
Low-carbon heating options investigated in this study include a comprehensive selection of 26 technologies reported in the table below.
1 Air Source Heat Pump (ASHP)
2 Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP)
3 High-temperature ASHP
4 High-temperature GSHP
5 Communal ASHP
Electric resistive heating
6 Electric storage heating
7 Direct electric heating
8 Electric boiler
9 Solid biomass boiler
10 BioLPG boiler
11 Bioliquid boiler (B100)
Low carbon gas
12 Hydrogen boiler
13 Biomethane grid injection
Hybrid heat pumps
14 Hybrid ASHP + gas boiler (no hot water cylinder)
15 Hybrid ASHP + gas boiler (with hot water cylinder)
16 Hybrid ASHP + bio-liquid boiler (no hot water cylinder)
17 Hybrid ASHP + bio-liquid boiler (with hot water cylinder)
18 Hybrid ASHP + hydrogen boiler (no hot water cylinder)
19 Hybrid ASHP + hydrogen boiler (with hot water cylinder)
20 Hybrid ASHP + direct electric heating (no hot water cylinder)
21 Hybrid ASHP + direct electric heating (with hot water cylinder)
22 District heating
Combinations with solar thermal
23 ASHP + solar thermal
24 Electric storage heating + solar thermal
25 Direct electric heating + solar


text:
Application of parameter estimation and regionalization methodologies to ungauged basins of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia
Runoff variability of large ungauged international basins affects water availability to downstream countries making management of transboundary water difficult and sometimes causing geopolitical tension. The key to successfully predict runoff and its fluctuation in both gauged and ungauged basins is a reliable hydrologic model and an appropriate parameter regionalization approach. The Upper Blue Nile River Basin of Ethiopia is an example where data are limited, water resources are valuable, and competition for water among riparian countries is strong. To predict runoff variability from the basin as well as from ungauged subbasins, a water balance model with six parameters was tested. The model parameters were identified through a sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo experiments and their plausible search ranges were constrained. Six parameter regionalization methods (global mean, subbasin mean, multiple regression, regional calibration, aggregated calibration, and volume fraction calibration) were evaluated by model performance, volume error, and runoff volume fractions of subbasins. The results showed that the high interdependency of model parameters affects the development of regional relationships. The model parameters regionalized in different basin scales were not transferable to one another due to different basin responses. The study found that regional calibration is suitable for simulating runoff of sites (100–10,000 km2), and volume fraction calibration is suitable for subbasins (14,000-50,000 km2). Lumped calibration managed to simulate runoff dynamics of lumped basins (65,000 - 180,000 km2) representing two or more aggregated subbasins.


text:
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Orphanages have existed in the United States for almost 300 years. Some provided safe and healthy environments for children to grow and learn. Others were virtual workhouses and children were neglected, starved, and abused. Is it any wonder that there are so many reports of mass hauntings by children in the graveyards and cemeteries that served the orphanages?
When the colonists came to the new land now known as the United States of America, many succumbed to epidemics leaving single parents or no parents to care for the surviving children.
The oldest orphanage in the United States is the Bethesda Home for Boys. It opened in 1740 near Savannah, Georgia. It is still in operation today.
The advantages of the industrial revolution brought many detriments to the families of large cities: long working hours, crime, poverty, alcohol, and other horrors.
In 1850, there were 27 orphanages in New York City alone.
The civil war took many fathers of families leaving mothers unable to provide for their children.
WWI and the depression years brought more victims of neglect and abandonment.
Mothers who couldn't care for their children would often drop them off at churches, which were instrumental in building orphanages to care for these children. Many children were brought in from the streets.
Most of these children were not true orphans, but did have at least one parent somewhere.
Many orphanages provided healthy and safe environments for the children. Some did not.
I have read many tales of neglect, starvation, abuse, rape and even death of children in the care of orphanages.
The cemeteries outside of some of these orphanages are filled with the graves of children....thousands of them.
At the cemetery used for the children of Bartonville Asylum in Peoria, Illinois, there are 4,000 graves with only numbers, 1500 have been identified, no thanks to the State of Illinois which will not release any information according to my source.
At Pythian Castle in Springfield, Missouri, built as an orphanage in 1913 by the Knights of Pythius, there are tales of a maintenance man who abused many of the children in a tunnel below the building. In 1916, there were 800 children living there. Six years later, 345 of these children were dead.
The people who ran an orphanage in Chicago would perform a physical on the children before bringing them in, to insure they were healthy enough to work hard. They would "feel their muscles, look at their teeth, and look them up and down" like the witch in the gingerbread house in Hansel and Gretel.
These children have been erased from history, and they don't like it.
According to the ghost hunters investigating these orphanages, the spirits of these children are banding together. They hear them on the playgrounds playing and laughing, they see their shadows among the trees watching them, and they pick up a congregation of voices on their EDP equipment....screaming. They even hear babies crying.
Why are these little ones still here? What do they want from us? Retribution, vengeance, or merely to be remembered?
SciFi Channel. May 28, 2008. Children of the Grave
Paranormal Site @ BellaOnline
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Content copyright © 2011 by Deena Budd. All rights reserved.
This content was written by Deena Budd. If you wish to use this content in any manner, you need written permission. Contact Deena Budd for details.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The blow sensor is not only for blowing, it will generally register any bending of the piezo disk. I posted it because if it can register a bit of air, then it can probably also register the movement of an eyebrow
when attached close to it on the skin.
when you are referring to the picture here _URL_
without the resistor the voltages created by the piezo will be very high, since there is no path to ground. the input pin consumes virtually no current at all. all electrons will "queue up" in
front of that input pin. leaving the resistor out *might* damage the chip
(the chip has some protection built in, and when one pin is damaged there are often lots more left functioning anyway)
But if you take too low a resistor, the piezo will be sort of shorted to ground and you will not see a signal.
be sure to use a resistor of several megaohm, as the example says.
also, the piezo requires a 5 volts voltage difference
between it's two wires, that difference will not be there when one wire is connected to the 5Volts terminal but the other is ONLY connected to a high-impedance input pin. This setup without looks very much like a piezo with just one wire attached. the resistor closes the loop towards the Ground terminal of the board. only then will the voltage difference on the piezo be 5 volts. voltages are always "experienced" with reference to ground, and therefore you will need some connection to the ground terminal.
it's the same "experience" as grabbing the mains while on rubber tiles, compared to grabbing it when standing in a puddle ;D


Definition of:multiplayer gaming
multiplayer gaming
Two or more people playing a game on the computer and competing with each other over the Internet or inhouse local network (LAN). The traditional card games such as bridge and poker emulate a deck of playing cards. However, video games also allow players to compete within a simulated environment that takes them into a fantasy world. See MMOG, MMORPG and gaming.
Requested resource not found


text:
This study investigated changes in both the liar's and the conversational partner's linguistic style across truthful and deceptive dyadic communication in a synchronous text-based setting. An analysis of 242 transcripts revealed that liars produced more words, more sense-based words (e.g., seeing, touching), and used fewer self-oriented but more other-oriented pronouns when lying than when telling the truth. In addition, motivated liars avoided causal terms when lying, whereas unmotivated liars tended to increase their use of negations. Conversational partners also changed their behavior during deceptive conversations, despite being blind to the deception manipulation. Partners asked more questions with shorter sentences when they were being deceived, and matched the liar's linguistic style along several dimensions. The linguistic patterns in both the liar and the partner's language use were not related to deception detection, suggesting that partners were unable to use this linguistic information to improve their deception detection accuracy.
Source: "On Lying and Being Lied To: A Linguistic Analysis of Deception in Computer-Mediated Communication" from Discourse Processes, Volume 45, Issue 1 January 2008, pages 1 – 23
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How Do I Customize A Form's Row Template?
When you drop a data grid from the Tools palette onto a card a record template is created for you automatically. This template will display line delimited text but you will most likely want to customize the template. This lesson will show you how to begin customizing the template to meet your needs.
Reveal the Row Template
Reveal the Row Template
Select the data grid and open the property inspector. Click on Data Grid (1) in the tabs, then on the Row Template... button to open the card that the data grid's template is on.
The template for the data grid will open. Open the Project Browser from the Tools menu, and expand the hierarchy until you see the Row template as shown above. You can now edit the controls within the Row Template group in order to customize the look and feel according to your needs.
Example Of A Customized Template
Example Of A Customized Template
Here is an example of a customized template. I've added a Name and Title field (1) as well as a control for displaying a picture of the person (2).
Edit Behavior
Edit Behavior
After customizing the controls in our template you need to update the behavior associated with the template. The behavior script is where you tell the data grid what data goes in which controls as well as how to position the controls.
Click the Edit Script... button to open the behavior script. Note, you only see this when "Form" is selected (1) in the Style menu.
Edit the Behavior Script
Edit the Behavior Script
The default behavior script contains comments explaining what to do in each handler. The FillInData message is where you move data from a record into a LiveCode control. To do this you assign keys of pDataArray (1) to a control (2).
Note that the first parameter passed to FillInData is an array representing the current row being displayed. Also note how this is different than the first parameter passed to FillInData for a column template which is the value of the column.
Important: Make sure that you always refer to controls in the template using 'of me' (3). Since multiple copies of the template will be made you will have multiple controls with the same names. Using 'of me' removes any ambiguity and ensures that data is displayed in the correct control.
An Example of a Customized Behavior
An Example of a Customized Behavior
This is an example of a behavior that has been customized. The dgData of the data grid this template is associated with looks like this:
theDataA[1]["FirstName"]
theDataA[1]["LastName"]
theDataA[1]["Title"]
theDataA[2]["FirstName"]
theDataA[2]["LastName"]
theDataA[2]["Title"]
...
When filling in the data I place the "FirstName" and "LastName" values into a "Name" field (1) and the "Title" value into a "Title" field (2).
This example also shows how to use LayoutControl to layout your row template. Notice how I capture the rectangle of the row template at the beginning (3) and then use it to position all of the other elements (4).
8 Comments
Michael
Does truncateTail work for the Table Style or just for forms?
Trevor DeVore
truncateTail is available within the data grid library itself, so table or form.
David Glass
Question about TruncateTail....
If I set up a field to make use of TruncateTail it only seems to do the resize math when I make the grid narrower. When I make the grid wider the truncated text does not grow.
Example:
Start with: This is some text
Make the grid narrower: This is...
Make the grid wider: This is... (even though there is now enough room for all the text)
Is this by design? If so, where can I find the resize magic so I can attempt to change it so it also works when making the grid wider?
Trevor DeVore
@David - TruncateTail always works off of the width of the field the text is in. It sounds like your layoutControl code is not resizing the field past a certain width.
David Glass
----------
put the rect of field "lblProjectName" of me into theFieldRect
put item 3 of pControlRect - 5 into item 3 of theFieldRect
set the rect of field "lblProjectName" of me to theFieldRect
---------
This is what I'm doing in LayoutControl, and it works when narrowing the grid, but not widening it.
Since it is basing item 3 (right) off the pControlRect, it seems like it should work in either direction.
I'm obviously missing something.
Trevor DeVore
It looks like that should work. Try turning on the border of the field so you can see if it is being resized properly. Also, use 'put' to see what the value of pContorlRect and theFieldRect are. Are the values what you would expect?
David Glass
I have a hunch, based on virtually nothing since I haven't done any testing yet, that the field is actually resizing, but that TruncateTail has replaced the long text with the short text, so there's nothing to fill the new field width.
I'll bet I have to refill the field with the original text, and let TruncateTail fire again to act on the full-length text.
Any ideas on how I'd go about doing that? My first thought is a hidden field that holds the original text, and do some swapping in LayoutControl.
Trevor DeVore
You need to use custom properties. The following lesson shows how to implement TruncateTail using the custom property of a field: _URL_
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">One-line if.

 It's important to note that whichever type of quotes you use on the outside of your true or false attributes must be reversed on the inside. So if you use single quotes on the outside, then you must use double quotes on the inside.
 Also note you can only have one one-line if statement per element.
 Loops
 Assume the following JS model:
 letters = ['a', 'b', 'c'];

 It can be iterated over like so:
 <loop through='letters' val='letter'>

{letter}

 </loop>

 In the above example through='letters' defines the JS model being iterated over and val='letter' defines a local variable for the current letter being iterated over.
 When looping over more complex data structures, sometimes you will need access to both the key and the value of your array or object. For instance, suppose this JS model:
 names = {jack: 'guy', jill: 'girl', hill: 'landscape'};

 It can be iterated over like so:
 <loop through='names' key='name' val='description'>

{name}

{description}

 </loop>

 We once again define a through attribute which we set to through='names' and a val attribute which we set to val='description' similar to the last example. However this time we've iterated over a JS object with named keys instead of a simple indexed array, so it is useful to define a key attribute in the <loop> tag to gain access to the name of the current iteration variable. We have defined it as key='name' in this example.
 Even complex, hierarchical data structures can be iterated over. For instance, suppose this JS model:
 objects = [{a:1, b:2, c:3}, {a:4, b:5, c:6}, {a:7, b:8, c:9}];

 For the above array of objects, we can combine the techniques illustrated above to display each member of the hierarchy in sequence:
 <loop through='objects' key='i' val='item'>

{i}

{item.a}

{item.b}

{item.c}

 </loop>

 Non-parsed blocks
 To skip teddy parsing a block of code, use a <noteddy> tag:

<noteddy>{this_var_will_not_be_parsed}</noteddy>

 You can also instruct the contents of a variable to not be parsed after that variable is rendered using the |p flag:

{this_var_will_be_parsed_but_its_contents_will_not_be|p}

 Note: Teddy tags will also not be parsed if they appear inside of elements that interpret child text as plain text, e.g.


text:
Some people carry around a handkerchief to sneeze or cough into while others carry or run to find the nearest tissue.
But is one better than the other? Which should you use?
Back in the day, the hanky or handkerchief was the number one way to blow your nose or catch a sneeze. However, when the 20th century rolled around, we began making a disposable alternative known as tissues. The tissue was made for women to remove cream from their face. However, this tissue had more uses when the husbands would use the wife's tissues to blow their noses. Today, many people view the hanky as old-fashioned and the tissue is the way to go.
The Handkerchief VS Tissue
The hanky is viewed as old-fashioned and unhygienic. This is when the hanky is compared to a disposable tissue. However, it the tissue better or more hygienic than a handkerchief? The answer is not that simple. It is both yes and no.
For us to break this down, we must look at the people who are most concerned about hygiene. People who use disposable tissues can contain the germs inside the tissue by folding it. They can then throw the tissue in the trash. They can also wash their hands. People like this are not likely to spread germs because they have taken all the precautions.
However, those who are using the handkerchief are using areas that are wet or already used. They are then touching the parts with their hands and throwing it back into their pocket or bag. This allows germs to spread very easily to other items.
However, there is more than just those two examples. If it were based on those examples alone, the tissue paper would win hands down. Let us take a look at a more practical situation.
You are in a rush and you blow or wipe your nose. You are busy and do not throw the tissue away. The tissue gets wadded up and thrown in your pocket or on your desk. When you do this you are also not washing your hands which means that you are spreading germs.
When you use a handkerchief, you oftentimes use it more than once. Most people who use hankies, fold them after they have used. This means that they are using a new spot each time it is used. Plus, if they fold the hanky it is not spreading germs in their pocket. Many people who use hankies also put them in the wash every night they are used.
When it comes to tissues and handkerchiefs, it depends on who is using each item and how. Both ways can be completely sanitary which makes neither one better than the other. However, if you are not using either properly, they are both bad. The hanky is not dirty or non-hygienic and neither is the tissue. It all depends on who is using it and how they are using it.
Now you know the debate. Neither the hanky or the tissue is better than the other. It just depends on how you use each item. The hanky has its positives and so does the tissue, however, both can have their negatives as well. No matter what method you choose, simply make sure that you are a good example for each... not the bad one.
If you do happen to use a hanky or you even used your shirt once or twice to sneeze, it's best to wash it as soon as possible.
Our Wash Wizard naturally deep cleans your clothes without the harmful chemicals you find in detergents.
Plus it lasts for a thousand washes without refills, so you can save money on laundry every month!

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Climate change and increasing population growth is having a big effect on the availability of water and therefore distribution to consumers. Lord Bevan recently called for the reduction of 40 litres of water per day per household. HL2024 can achieve this, as well as reducing energy and CO2 emissions.
Pressure independence for water companies
Pressure independence in the water system is a way to limit the use of water and pumping energy. What exactly is pressure independence and why is it so important? Ing. Eric van der Blom from Cenergist explains: "Normally, when the pressure on a connection or tap increases, the flow rate will increase as well. Consequently, the consumer uses more water. A higher flow rate in the distribution system causes a higher pressure loss and less flow further in the system.
To have enough flow and pressure at the end of the distribution system, the water company can increase the pressure at the pumping station, but this will increase the use of water at the beginning and the pressure loss further in the system. To avoid all of this, the unique pressure-independent flow controller HL2024 equalises the flow rate during both increasing and decreasing dynamic pressure. The pressure increase in the distribution system therefore has no influence on the maximum flow rate to the households."
In the figure below you will see the real measurements that at a pressure of 150 kPa dyn, the flow rate will be constant, even at pressures up to 1,000 kPa dyn (red line) as with a decreasing pressure 1,000 down to 150 kPa dyn (green line). The blue line gives the average of the lines pressure up and pressure down. There is a maximum 2% variation over the whole pressure range. Cenergist's HL2024 pressure independent flow controllers can be placed at different positions in the water system, even at the different taps in the houses.
Benefits for a Water Company
When HL2024 Inline Cartridge 3P or an easy to maintain HL2024 Cradle is installed at the water inlet into homes, there are numerous benefits:
1 The water flow at all connections is maximised to a fixed level, independent of the pressure at that place and at that time. The client at the end of the pipe has the same water flow as the client at the beginning of the pipe, providing the pressure is at least as high as the response pressure of HL2024 (150 kPa / 200 kPa). Pressure changes (upstream or downstream) in the distribution network do not affect the maximum flow.
2 Providing a better service at lower costs: HL2024 will set the peak consumption and thereby reduce the total consumption. As a result of lower peak consumptions pressure changes in the distribution network are less, distribution network and pumps are used more efficiently, CO2 emissions are reduced, and extensions of the distributing system may be delayed. Peak demand therefore becomes very predictable.
3 In case of high consumption, such as during dry periods in summertime, the pressure can be increased so that at the end of the distribution network there will still be sufficient pressure and flow. The maximum consumption per connecting point remains the same everywhere even when there is an increase in pressure.
4 The maximized amount of drinking water is supplied in various flow rates ranging from 5.0 to 23.4 l/min.
5 Installing HL2024 Inline Cartridge 3P has shown measured savings of 60 litres per day as proven by Alternative Heat in an independent report.
Benefits for the house or apartment owner or user
For the user there are the benefits of automatically saving water and energy, without doing anything. There is more comfort experienced because at any time of the day the same maximum amount of water is supplied. Water and energy bills are no longer affected by pressure in the water mains. This allows a better comparison regarding the use of water and energy. Whereas previously a lot of pressure and a large flow were normal, now the water no longer splashes out of sinks and washbasins.
For the owner, the production and supply of collective hot water in apartment buildings is cheaper due to the maximized and reduced use per customer. The installation can therefore be smaller and cheaper at the time of renovation. Operational costs are lower.
HL2024 is the only flow controller that is KIWA-certified for pressure independence (BRL K635/03) and meets all requirements for materials usage (Kiwa Water Mark) and primary European drinking water certifications.
More information: _URL_


While a chorus of coughs on the subway can advise you to break out the Purell, what about all the colds making their way silently into your path?
Fortunately HEALTHYDAY, a new app from Johnson & Johnson, has come up with a way for us to crowdsource our hypochondria.
Mashable reports that the app's algorithm combines data from doctor's offices, Google searches, and mentions on social media, and then uses that data to tell you when to freak out.
The most prominent feature in the app is the location-based warning meters for allergies, cold, and flu. Although telling you when the allergy level is high is a bit like telling you it's already raining.
healthy day 2 HEALTHYDAY
If you so choose, you can break down the data further, moving into the map itself to see the actual incidents, and where and when they occurred.
healthy day 1 HEALTHYDAY
"We're looking to transform what's sort of a search-and-confusion mentality to discovering what's going on with your sniffles to really getting a content-first, actionable information second," Eric Weisberg, executive creative director at ad agency JWT New York, told Mashable.
Weisberg compares it to apps like Waze, which uses crowd-sourced traffic information to enhance a traditional "maps" experience. Except where Waze uses accidents, HEALTHYDAY uses coughs.
While the app right now is used for ailments like the common cold, the implication of putting public health information into the hands of everyday people goes much further. With anonymous reports of specific illnesses, you could imagine a future version of this app telling you about outbreaks of more serious diseases than the flu. But maybe then we would all never leave our houses.


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I recently heard of a game between two players "Line" and "Point" and wanted to look for more information on it. However, without knowing the name of it (if it has one) finding more information is hard, has anyone heard of it? Is there a winning strategy for one of the players?
The game is as follows, it is played on the unit disk $D^2$ in $\mathbb{R}^2$ with the point $p_0 = (0,0)$ marked to begin with. Play alternates between L and P (starting with L) and on turn $n$ they do the following:
L chooses a new line $l_n$ through point $p_{n-1}$ and then P chooses a new point $p_n$ on line $l_n$ inside $D^2$.
This forms a sequence of points $(p_n)_{n = 1}^\infty$ in $D^2$. L wins if this sequence converges to a point in $D^2$, P wins if it does not.
As far as I can tell P has a winning strategy, but I my formal proof for this is a sketch at best.
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I have troubles with understanding what a wining strategy is: your game is infinite! – Wadim Zudilin Jul 15 '10 at 1:32
Suppose L always chooses a line through the point with minimum length in D^2. I see no winning strategy for P. Do you? Gerhard "Ask Me About System Design" Paseman, 2010.07.14 – Gerhard Paseman Jul 15 '10 at 3:59
_USER_: I was convinced until I read Andreas' solution. The issue is that even though P can be trapped in a region whose diameter decreases to zero, that region itself can rotate. – Qiaochu Yuan Jul 15 '10 at 6:58
_USER_: My understanding of unboundedly unbounded games is that they cannot be formalized inductively as pairs of sets of games, a la Conway (hence they are not strictly combinatorial games). However, they (and their strategies) are still sensible though, such as the one in this question or, for a broader class of examples, back-and-forth (Ehrenfeucht-Fraisse) games on first-order equivalent structures. – Vladimir Sotirov Jul 15 '10 at 13:02
Vladimir, thank you for your thoughts. (In fact, the game is bounded, as it in the unit disc. :-) ) After the answer of Andreas I understand the meaning of a wining strategy in this particular case, but I am pretty sure that settling some general setup for infinite games require some logic. The fact that a wining strategy exists or does not exist may be an unprovable statement. (This might be a good question for MO, but I am probably too far from understanding possible answers.) – Wadim Zudilin Jul 15 '10 at 13:52
4 Answers 4
up vote 5 down vote accepted
Line actually has a winning strategy: it can force a convergent sequence. The problem was posed and solved in the following paper:
J. Maly and M. Zeleny (2006), A note on Buczolich's solution of the Weil gradient problem: a construction based on an infinite game, Acta Mathematica Hungarica, Vol. 113, pp. 145-158.
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Is this journal available online? I really doubt that there is a good notion of "infinite game" (see Vladimir's comments on the OP). – Wadim Zudilin Jul 16 '10 at 13:57
_USER_: The journal is available on Springerlink and is quite nice. I can send you a copy if you can't access it. This particular infinite game is perfectly well-defined as far as I am concerned. However, whether either player has a winning strategy is another issue. In this case, a stragegy for $L$ is just a sequence of functions $f_k$, where $f_k$ takes the imput from the first $k−1$ steps of the game and outputs a choice for $L$. Similarly for $P$. It turns out that $L$ has a strategy that wins regardless of the strategy that $P$ follows. – Tony Huynh Jul 16 '10 at 15:06
Thanks, Tony! It explains in a few lines the point in ths story (something I cannot see from the answer above). I added the doi-link to the article (which I now have). My main concern about existence of wining strategies for both players in an infinite game remains, but in this special case one could use the epsilon-delta language about decision on who wins in finite time. – Wadim Zudilin Jul 17 '10 at 10:54
Edit: The following has a serious gap, but I'll leave it up, for now, in case it gives someone an idea for a correct proof. The error is that, because P always chooses the more distant (from $p_{n-1}$) of the two options for $p_n$, $L$ can cause him to go back and forth, rather than "farther and farther".
I think P can win with the following strategy. Fix a series $\sum_1^\infty t_n$ of positive terms, with sum 1, such that $\sum_1^\infty \sqrt{t_n}$ diverges. Let $r_n=\sum_1^n t_k$. Let P choose his $n$-th point $p_n$ so that its distance from the origin is $r_n$. This is always possible, because $r_n>r_{n-1}$ and $l_n$ extends from $p_{n-1}$ all the way to the boundary of the disk. In fact, P always has two options at the desired distance from the origin; let $p_n$ be the one farther from $p_{n-1}$ (or either one in case of a tie). This completes the description of the strategy. Now why does it win? Easy estimates show that, once $r_n$ is close to 1 (i.e., for sufficiently large $n$), the angle between the radii from the origin to $p_{n-1}$ and from the origin to $p_n$ is at least of order $\sqrt{t_n}$. (The smallest angle occurs when $l_n$ is perpendicular to the radius through $p_{n-1}$, and this smallest angle is close to $\sqrt{2t_n}$ if I've done the arithmetic correctly.) Since $\sum_1^\infty \sqrt{t_n}$ diverges, it follows that the radii keep rotating farther and farther, not approaching a limit. Therefore, the sequence $(p_n)$ fails to converge, and P wins.
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Here is a sketch of a proof building on the ideas of Andreas Blass.
Let $C(r)$ be the circle of radius $r$ centered at the origin $O$. Suppose that $P$ starts at $p \in C(r)$ for some $r \in (0,1]$. To begin, let us analyze what happens if $P$ follows the simple strategy of always staying on $C(r)$. That is, after $L$ chooses a line $l$ through $p$, $P$ picks the other point of $l$ that is also on $C(r)$ (if $l$ happens to be the tangent to $C(r)$ at $p$, then $P$ picks $p$). This is clearly not a winning strategy for $P$. For example, $L$ could force $P$ to always stay at $p$ by always picking the tangent to $C(r)$ at $p$. However, if $(p_i)_{i=1}^\infty$ is the set of chosen points and if $\theta_i$ is the smaller of the two angles made by $p_{i}, O$, and $p_{i+1}$, then $P$ will win if the $\theta_i$ do not tend to 0.
Returning to the original game, the second observation is that if $L$ follows the strategy of always choosing tangent lines, then $P$ has a winning strategy. This strategy was suggested by Gerhard Paseman in the comments. The fact that $P$ has a winning strategy follows by Andreas' answer, because in this case there are always two choices for $p_n$, and so we can always move clockwise when jumping from $C(r_n)$ to $C(r_{n+1})$.
Putting these two observations together yields a winning strategy for $P$ as follows. As in Andreas' answer, fix a series $\sum_1^\infty t_n$ of positive terms, with sum 1, such that $\sum_1^\infty \sqrt{t_n}$ diverges. Let $r_n=\sum_1^n t_k$. Inductively assume that $P$ is currently on $p \in C(r_n)$. At this point, $P$ follows the strategy of staying on $C(r_n)$. Recall that this is winning for $P$ unless $\theta_i \to 0$. So, $P


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The Woo-Wan-Chai landslide area is located between 42~45K on the 18th Provincial Road (also named Alishan Road). It is a large-scale deep-seated landslide. During the early operation period of Alishan Road, the road would be distorted and landslides would occur whenever there was heavy rainfall. Although the slope in that area had been rectified several times, sliding would still continue to occur. Between 2004 and 2006, the Directorate General of Highways (MOTC) and the Land Engineer Consultant Co. conducted detailed geological surveys and groundwater surveys to find out the sliding mechanism, and strategized the multi-stage remediation plan. According to the survey results, the sliding area encompassed nearly 50 hectares, and the sliding depth was at about 80 meters. The annual displacement was about 20 centimeter. Between 2010 and 2017, 8 large drainage well projects were completed in two phases in the area with deep and active sliding bodies. During the construction period and operation phase, the activity of the slope was closely monitored and the remediation project was adjusted if necessary. For the active N2 and N3 main sliding bodies in the Woo-Wan-Chai landslide area, their displacement rates decreased from about 18 mm/month to less than 2 mm/month after the construction of the large drainage wells. This paper will document how the relevant investigation surveys were integrated into the formulation of effective countermeasures to control the deep-seated sliding of the Woo-Wan-Chai landslide area.
This study aims to discuss the deformation characteristics of dip and anti-dip slopes under the influence of scale effect. The dip slope model consists of a bedding angle of 60 degrees and a slope angle of 30 degrees, while the anti-dip slope model has a bedding angle of 75 degrees. Centrifuge modeling tests and numerical simulations based on discrete element method (DEM) were employed as the major research tools. Results show that mild to severe folding would appear near the toe of the dip slope. With an increase in slope scale, the deformed area within the slope would become more massive. For the anti-dip slope, the major failure pattern is flexural toppling. The location with the most significant deformation for each rock layer can be pin-pointed. If these locations from all layers are connected together, the potential sliding mass of the anti-dip slope can be identified. The sliding mass of an anti-dip slope would also become more extensive as the scale increases.
After the 2009 Typhoon Morakot, rainfall-induced large-scale landslides have become a highly-concerned issue related to slope disasters. The identification of rainfall condition that can cause landslides is the key to establish a disaster alert system. In the past, it is difficult to analyze the triggering rainfall because the exact time of occurrence of large-scale landslide is difficult to obtain. By analyzing the landslide signal from broadband seismic records (BATS), it is possible to extract the time information of the landslides and to correlate this information with the rainfall conditions for historical landslide events. In this study, the ground signals triggered by 158 large-scale landslides occurred in 2001-2017 are analyzed. The landslide-triggered seismic signals can provide the accurate initiation time of landslide which can then be used to identify the corresponding rainfall condition. Among the 158 landslides, 89 landslides are used to evaluate the average rainfall intensity, duration, and cumulative amount of rainfall. The rainfall threshold for large-scale landslides is defined as the critical rainfall condition with cumulative probability of 5%. Based on the analysis results, large-scaled landslides tend to occur when the amount of effective cumulative rainfall is larger than 497 mm, and the rainfall duration exceeds 24 hours.
For the past few decades, protecting infrastructure from slope hazards has been an important issue. The slope instability can be triggered by earthquakes, heavy rainfalls, or human activities. Slope stability problems have drawn a lot of attention after Chi-Chi earthquake because rock mass disturbance has occurred more often since then. In recent years, global warming has imposed a new challenge for civil engineers because it could induce slope instability problems. Past research indicated that using Hoek-Brown failure criterion in conjunction with finite element limit analysis can yield a more accurate rock slope stability evaluation than using Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. In this study, Hoek-Brown model is employed to assess the rock slope stability. In addition, artificial intelligence technique has been adopted in the numerical analyses, which is shown to provide a quick and reliable rock stability assessment.
The coseismic process of the Aso-Bridge large-scale landslide induced by the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake was investigated using a combined finite-discrete element method (FEA-DEA). The pre-failure mechanism and post-failure kinematic process of the coseismic landslide as determined from the numerical simulations were validated against the field investigation, digital elevation model, and published results by other researchers. Furthermore, the influence of the seismic acceleration, especially in the vertical direction, was examined. Based on the comparison, the combined FEA-DEA was found to be capable of analyzing the coseismic process of the large-scale landslide, including source displacement, failure mechanism, kinematic process, and deposition. Vertical seismic acceleration was found to impose a trivial influence on the runout behavior in the post-failure regime, but it played a significant role in identifying the initiation time of the landslide. This study has demonstrated that the proposed finite-discrete element method has the potential to simulate geotechnical problems involving pre-failure mechanism and post-failure kinematic process.
Typhoon Morakot had triggered many deep-seated landslides in 2009. In addition to the direct damages and affected areas caused by these deep-seated landslides, the landslide volumes could cause dam-up lakes and secondary hazards in later years. Therefore, accurate identification and mapping of these deep-seated landslides were vital for mitigation and management of deep-seated landslide hazard. The objective of this paper is to establish and verify the methods for identification and mapping of deep seated landslides. The deep-seated landslides can be identified by two methods: (1) aerial photos with digital elevation model (DEM) and landslide geomorphology characteristics; (2) LiDAR digital model for identification of linear structures of the deep-seated landslide scarps. Two case studies were conducted in this paper using these two methods. For Case Study No.1, the deep-seated landslide in Nantou area was identified using aerial photos and DEM. For Case Study No.2, the landslide in Kaohsiung area was identified by LiDAR. With the preliminary identification results, the stability analyses along with different remote sensing data were adopted to verify the identified deep-seated landslides. Based on the analysis results, the identified mapped area of the deep-seated landslide in Case Study No. 1 was consistent with the verification result. However, a more critical main scarp was found up-slope of the preliminary identified area for the deep-seated landside in Case Study No. 2. Hence, the mapped area of the deep-seated landslide was modified accordingly. Thus, we propose that multi-scale remote sensing data should be used for identification and cross-validation of the deep-seated landslide. Moreover, stability analyses should be conducted for further verification. Such procedure could provide a reliable and rational method for identification and mapping of the deep-seated landslides.
Exploring the Possibility of Establishing Mass Movement Warning System for Taiwan Using the Soil Water Index
土壤雨量指數(soil water index; SWI)可表現目前受當下及前期降雨影響的概估土壤含水量，是日本氣象廳做為全國坡地災害警戒參考的重要指標。近年來更有許多研究指出，坡地災害的發生與否和當時的SWI是否為同一點位SWI歷史排序之前位有關。因此，前人研究提出一量化之方法，計算某一點位的SWI與過去十年的最大值之比值(即為normalized soil water index; NSWI)，可作為坡地災害預測的重要指標。本研究利用2006–2017年間發生的坡地災害(n = 344)，分析臺灣誘發坡地災害發生之降雨事件期間的SWI與NSWI變化。結果顯示，坡地災害發生時的SWI介於2.90至700.93之間，平均為308.42；而NSWI則介於0.01至1.87之間，平均為0.84。平均來說坡地災害發生在NSWI最大值出現後的3.42小時之內。我們進一步將NSWI區分成0–0.2、0.2–0.4、0.4–0.6、0.6–0.8、0.8–1.0、及>1.0等六個範圍，依此對全臺灣的坡地災害發生的可能性，定義不同的警戒等級。本研究並藉由臺灣氣候變遷推估資訊平臺計畫(Taiwan Climate Change Projection Information and Adaptation Knowledge Platform; TCCIP)所開發的多資料多模式整合系統(Multi-data and Multi-model Integrated System; MMIS)串接過去的時雨量資料


Easier Ways to Move the Cursor When Editing Text on an iPad or iPhone
In theory, it should be easy to move the cursor in text on an iPad or iPhone—just tap where you want the cursor to go, or press and hold until the magnifying circle appears over the cursor and then slide it around. In reality, it's often fussy and annoying because our fingers are a lot wider than the cursor itself. Starting in iOS 9, Apple came up with a better solution—trackpad mode—and in iOS 12, the company extended it to devices that lack 3D Touch.
In trackpad mode, you turn the onscreen keyboard into a virtual trackpad. Just as on a Mac laptop, moving your finger around the virtual trackpad moves the cursor in the text above. How you invoke trackpad mode differs slightly between the iPad and iPhone.
Trackpad Mode on the iPad
On an iPad, open any app that allows text input, like Notes, and bring up the keyboard. Touch the keyboard with two fingers, and you see the letters disappear from the keyboard as it switches to trackpad mode. Immediately swipe your fingers (or just one, you can lift the other up) around to move the cursor within the text. Or, for the new approach, touch the Spacebar and pause briefly to switch to trackpad mode.
You can also select text in trackpad mode. If you start with two fingers, instead of swiping immediately after entering trackpad mode, pause with your two fingers down briefly, which causes iOS to switch to selecting text. Then move your fingers around to change the colored selection. If you start with one finger on the Spacebar, position the cursor where you want it and then tap anywhere on the grayed-out keyboard to start selecting.
For easier selection of chunks of text, put the cursor in a word, let up, and then tap once with two fingers to select the word around the cursor, twice to select the sentence, and three times to select the entire paragraph. To expand or contract the selection, keep your fingers down and drag the selection cursor. To deselect text, tap once on the keyboard with two fingers.
You can use trackpad mode even if you have an external keyboard attached. Tap in a text input area, place two fingers anywhere in it to engage trackpad mode, and then move your fingers to reposition the cursor (again, you can lift one finger up after you start). To select text, put the cursor inside a word, release your fingers, and tap once to select the word, twice for the sentence, and three times for the paragraph.
Trackpad Mode on the iPhone
Before iOS 12, trackpad mode on the iPhone worked only on models that supported 3D Touch, which eliminated the iPhone 5s and earlier and the iPhone SE. iOS 12 added another approach, which is good because 2018's iPhone XR also lacks 3D Touch.
To engage trackpad mode on an iPhone that supports 3D Touch, press firmly on the keyboard with one finger—you'll feel the iPhone's Taptic Engine simulate the feel of a click. Keep your finger down to move the cursor around. Apple's new approach to invoking trackpad mode works on all iPhone models—touch the Spacebar and pause briefly to switch to trackpad mode. In either case, if you need more room, you can move your finger off the keyboard image right onto the text.
On 3D Touch iPhones, to select a word, relax your finger pressure slightly without removing it from the screen, and then press again. It's quite similar to the feel of clicking on a MacBook trackpad. You can even double-press—again, with a slight relaxing of the finger first—to select the current sentence and triple-press to select the entire paragraph. Keep dragging after selecting to select more text by the word, sentence, or paragraph.
When using the Spacebar approach to invoking trackpad mode, you can still select text. As on the iPad, position the cursor where you want it and then tap anywhere on the grayed-out keyboard to start selecting. The two-fingered tapping on the normal keyboard that works on the iPad doesn't work on the iPhone, unfortunately.
Trackpad mode takes a little getting used to, but it's so much better than the previous selection methods that it's worth making yourself practice until it becomes second nature.


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An organized Open House is essential for conveying the most important components of your 180 class to parents, especially when you only have 10 - 20 minutes to accomplish this. First impressions are vital, and they greatly influence parental involvement throughout the school year. When you have an organized Open House, you will have less stress and have more time to engage with parents in matters that are most important. Read these tips and see which ones will help you experience a smooth and successful Open House.
How to Make the Open House Work for Students, Parents, and You:
1. Have a sign-in sheet at the door labeled with the class time and period. A few days after Open House, send a thank you letter to the parents who attended with a reminder on how they can contact you with any questions, issues, or concerns.
2. Distribute a Welcome Kit that includes:
a. Fact Sheets (classroom, homework, and grading policies; contact information; rubrics; class philosophy/mission statement; course curriculum, FAQ's with answers; etc.)
b. Helpful Links
3. Show a brief video clip or two
to inspire and inform your students' parents. This year I am featuring "Reading is a Universal right" (63 seconds) and Michael Phelps video about perseverance, hard work, and hope: (1 minute, 31 seconds )
4. Arrange some rBooks, REAL BOOKS, System 44 Books; reading and writing folders; and independent reading books on a desk for easy access by parents. Give parents a few minutes to view the materials.
5. Allow time for questions
It goes without saying that your classroom should create an atmosphere of interest. Parents should notice the posters, star charts, books, independent reading and small-group instructional areas, etc. as soon as they walk into the room. The goal of Open House is to demonstrate the students' daily routine and to get their parents excited and on board with the work that we do with their children in the class.
Make this a pioneering and unforgettable school year. Create an Open House experience that is so organized that both you and your students' parents will feel comfortable with the challenges and successes of this school year.


.
This is because the grease tends to create holds in the welds themselves that can penetrate the metal.
The same is true of zinc, so neither substance is recommended to cover an area that has been welded.
In addition, while traditional paint now has a rougher surface to stick, it is usually too deep to be any good.
This is because moisture can now form underneath the paint which causes it to slide off and creates areas for the rusting process to begin.
There are two methods that can keep welded metal from rusting.
The first is dipping the welded area into a bath consisting of molten zinc.
While this can create a rust-proof coating for the metal, it often does not fill in all the rough areas.
This means that there will be some spots where rust can form even if the metal itself has been fully coated.
Another way to protect the welded railings from rust and corrosion is by applying powder coating.
Powder coating as the name implies is a powdery substance that can coat metal effectively without the downsides of grease or pre-galvanization.
It sticks to the surface thanks to an electrical charge which causes the powder to bond effectively.
Plus, it can be applied in an even coat and when baked into the metal it will become smooth and resilient to the weathering process.
Overall, there are several advantages that powder coating has over traditional paints thanks to its flexibility which resists cracking.
While it is difficult to touch up if imperfections appear, that does not happen with the high-quality applications of powder coating.
The Bottom Line
Choosing the right paint is a key to success when you want to paint your outdoor wrought iron fence, handrailings, palisade, or paling.
No matter you are painting them in your backyard garden or near your driveway, you should also know how to start the painting, what other products to use and what are the exact steps you will need to follow.
The above guide will hopefully help you out – the next time you want to refinish them to make them look new.
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The deforestation and destruction of natural resources around the world is continually on the rise. Lee Gil Rae in his most recent gallery title 'Pine Tree' constructed copper trees to capture the beauty of these natural elements in the world. Each tree is intricately woven with copper wire showing the importance and detail that comes into creating a tree. There is a sense of permanence with each tree in the gallery which adds conversation to how natural trees should be treated in the world. While Lee Gil Rae didn't see a necessary need for his inspiration to be a pine tree, they are the faces of the worlds forests.
What makes the gallery so surreal is the leaflessness of each of the trees. Instead, visitors get to follow the winding paths of the copper wires that lead to extensions of branches from each trunk. By creating leafless tress, Lee Gill Rae is commenting on the future of our planet with how the world treats deforestation. The natural environment is traded out for large cities and buildings. Instead of nature that is created untouched by humans, the world is turning towards man made nature with large landscapes that no longer hold the same purity. This is to bend to the ever growing population, but at what cost?
Lee Gil Rae uses the copper wire to form the shapes and structure of a tree trunk. This is able to resemble the shapes and patterns that people can see when they are looking at a tree. He compares working with the copper wire when he connects different links to be similar to brush strokes on Oriental paintings.
To view more of Lee Gil Rae's work, go here.


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Technical Data Of Ambient Air Vaporizer
|Item Number||Working Medium||Design Pressure ( Mpa)||Working Pressure (Mpa)||Design Temperature||Heat Exchange Area|
|AV50/3.0||Liquid Oxygen, Liquid Argon, Liquid Nitrogen||3.3||3.0||-196 to 50 degree||12.5m2|
DSW™ ambient air vaporizers have become the industry standard, and Supergap vaporizers use natural convection of air to vaporize liquefied gases
Cryogenic Liquid Vaporizers
The liquid must be transformed into gas to use gases from a bulk cryogenic vessel. Cryogenic liquids are converted to a gaseous state utilizing a vaporizer, such as the one illustrated.
While steam and electric vaporizers occasionally are used, the most widely employed vaporizers obtain heat from the surrounding air.
The most common type of vaporizer is the ambient finned tube vaporizer.
The fins absorb the warm ambient air and transfer the heat to the cryogenic liquid flowing in the tube. The heat transfer converts the liquid into a gas.
DSW's Ambient air Vaporizers (VAP) are made of aluminum cooling fins for heat exchange and can be connected to increase vaporizing capacity.
For more flexibility, VAP units can be interconnected with standard (universal) inputs & outputs (flanges). Continuous flow is guaranteed 24 hours a day using several units geared with a manual or automatic switching system (valves).
With its cooling fins patented system, DSW'DSW offers a maximum Heat exchange surface.
VAVAP'sodular design modifies the overall flow capacity (between 70m³/h to 1500Nm³/h at 20°C). Vaporization in simple or dual phase (liquid + gas)


text:
- blown by the wind
- twisted in growth by the prevailing wind: said of a tree
See windblown in American Heritage Dictionary 4
- Blown or dispersed by the wind: windblown pollen.
- Growing or shaped in a manner governed by the prevailing winds: windblown scrub pines.
- Cut short and curled or combed toward the front of the head: a windblown hairstyle.
Learn more about windblown


text:
Today, Motorola officially showed its long-distance charging technology. The general manager of Lenovo's mobile phone business department in China, @ Magic Jinge, said that the distance of the charging a can be far greater than the current contact charging based on Qi technology, and it supports simultaneous charging of multiple mobile phones, Has a higher degree of freedom, but also has safety performance, which is a true wireless charging.
He also asked everyone about their needs. It is expected that this technology will be added to the future Motorola Edge series.
The video shows that when two Motorola Edge mobile phones are placed at a distance of 1 meter and 80 cm, both mobile phones can be charged. When the charging transmitter is blocked by the hand, both mobile phones stop charging. After removing the hand, the phone starts to charge again.
It is understood that as early as 2017, the technology company uBeam showed its own wireless charging technology for the first time, claiming to have developed a technology that can convert ultrasound into electrical energy.
According to reports, the principle of power generation is that the uBeam device emits ultrasonic waves, which drives a "piezoelectric crystal" in a "piezoelectric transducer" to vibrate to generate current. Within 15 feet (about 4.5 meters), it can charge for mobile phones and other devices.


Clipboard Help+Spell 2.16 review
Clipboard Help+Spell
You may recall developer Mouser from other hits such as Find and Run Robot, Snapshot Captor, and Web Link Captor. And indeed, Clipboard Help+Spell carries his distinctive style: comprehensive Options dialog, multiple interface layouts, and other niceties that add up to the feeling that if you just dig deep enough, you can get Clipboard Help+Spell to do just about anything.
Much like competitor ArsClip, Clipboard Help+Spell features a powerful pop-up menu that lets you use most of the application's features without having to switch away from the program in use. The menu shows a list of recently copied text snippets, any of which take just a single keystroke to paste in at the cursor. You can also set aside a bunch of favorite clips so that you always have them handy, paste the current date and time in multiple formats, format selected text in various ways (such as title and sentence case), and many other features.
One of the nicest Clipboard Help+Spell features is called the Stack. At any point during your work, you can pop open the menu and set a "start stack" marker. Clipboard Help+Spell then records the series of items you copy, and lets you paste them back in the same sequence, one by one. This is very useful when transferring information manually from a text document into a spreadsheet, for example. You can just focus on finding and copying the information, and paste it into the spreadsheet later. That's much faster than having to constantly switch back and forth between the document and the spreadsheet.
Clipboard Help+Spell: built-in spell checker
Clipboard Help+Spell does have a built-in spell-checker, but you can't use it through the pop-up menu: You need to switch to the program's main window and select a clip to work on. You can then read through the clip and hunt for words with a red squiggly underline (just like in Microsoft Word), or execute a spell-check on the snippet, which pops open a spelling dialog on every error. So, spellchecking is available, but it isn't the star of the show.
In truth, most Clipboard Help+Spell users probably won't scratch the surface of this complex and powerful beast. But even if you only use 10% of what it has to offer, you'll still end up with a more powerful and flexible, clipboard. Try it out. See all: PC Advisor software downloads
Clipboard Help+Spell
Clipboard Help+Spell 2.16: Specs
 - Microsoft Windows 2000/7/8 Desktop/Vista/XP
Clipboard Help+Spell is simple and effective, and can save you time even if you use just a small subset of its features.
Find the best price


text:
January 25, 2016
Considering Litigation Funding? Ask Some Questions.
Litigation funding appears to be receiving increased attention and it is often presented as a way for parties and attorneys to mitigate the risk of large and risky cases. If true, this would be a good thing, right? Certainly many parties who have meritorious cases decline to bring them because they, or their attorneys, cannot fund them. By facilitating valid litigation, litigation funding can serve an important purpose. But any attorney considering litigation funding has to ask some serious questions before committing.
- Does the Case Really Have Merit? Although facilitating parties to bring and sustain meritorious cases can be a good thing, litigation funding can actually have the opposite effect. An attorney or firm evaluating a case that the attorney or firm will finance (and that is what plaintiffs' lawyers do) have to look long and hard at the merits of the case, because their time and money is on the line. This process is one that attorneys tend to take very seriously, because if they press meritless cases, they lose money. When a third party's money is at stake, the attorney may be tempted to downplay the risks, or may not evaluate the merits of a case as closely and he or she would otherwise. Ask yourself whether you have rigorously examined the risks and merits of the case, even independent of the fact that someone else is picking up the tab.
- Are the Funder's Purposes Legitimate? Know who is actually funding the litigation, and why. There are reputable litigation funding firms emerging with some scale, with professional and detached analyses of the cases they fund. But litigation can also be used by some parties as a powerful weapon, independent of the issues being litigated: it can bog down competitors, turn the table on business disputes, create negative publicity regardless of the merits, and distract and drain resources from opponents. Ask yourself whether the litigation funder has an objective and detached purpose (for example, making money) or whether they may be motivated by, or influenced by, some other inappropriate purpose.
- Who Really Controls the Decision-Making? When a third party payer is introduced into the litigation equation, the incentives can shift dramatically, and what is good for the party or the attorney may not be good for the funder paying the litigation tab. Insurance companies are a time-honored example of third party payers in litigation. But insurance companies are held to a very high standard in dealing with their insureds, and have strong incentives to ensure that their interests and the interests of their insureds are aligned and stay aligned, because they are also probably paying for the liability, in addition to the legal fees. By contrast, litigation funders are relatively new to the scene, so policing their incentives and setting the scope of their obligations in the event of conflicts is somewhat untested. They also tend not to have any skin in the game on liability, even if they are covering fees, so their interests can diverge and create a conflict. Ask yourself who decides if or when the interests of the client diverge from the interests of the litigation funders, and how those conflicts will be resolved.


Blog
Functional Snippet #13: Phantom Types
Sometimes, we want to have additional safety when dealing with important types in our application. For example, suppose your application revolves around file handles, and you want to be sure that you never try to perform any write operations on a file handle that's open for reading. As a first step, we can create a wrapper around NSFileHandle with an extra generic parameter:
 struct FileHandle<A> {
 let handle: NSFileHandle
}

We can add two empty types, which won't do anything at the value level, but only record information on the type-level.
 struct Read {}
struct Write {}

Using these types, we can create two more wrappers, but this time around NSFileHandle 's initializers. We'll use the Read and Write types, even though the FileHandle doesn't contain any values of that type. That's why the A parameter is called a phantom type . The types are just there to track permissions.
 func openForReading(path: String) -> FileHandle<Read>? {
 return NSFileHandle(forReadingAtPath: path).map { FileHandle(handle: $0) }
}

func openForWriting(path: String) -> FileHandle<Write>? {
 return NSFileHandle(forWritingAtPath: path).map { FileHandle(handle: $0) }
}

Our FileHandle type nicely records what's happening. For example, we can write a function that only works on file handles which are open for reading:
 func readDataToEndOfFile(handle: FileHandle<Read>) -> NSData {
 return handle.handle.readDataToEndOfFile()
}

Trying to call this function on a file-handle that's open for writing will not even compile. You can use these techniques for important parts of your own code as well, if you have areas where you want the compiler to check errors for you, rather than having the code fail at runtime.
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text:
Duty and Function
- Industrial Peace.
- Registration and placement for job seekers both inland and
- Conducting Vocational Training Courses for workers
- Research for Labour Affairs and collection of labour
and employment statistics
- To ensure the legitimate rights of workers.
- Matters pertaining to international and regional affairs.
The various labour laws which form the backbone of Myanmar Labour adminstration system
- The Law Defining the Rights and Responsibilities of workers, 1964.
- The Workmens Compensation Act, 1923.
- The Trade Disputes Act, 1929.
- The Employment statistics Act, 1948.
- The Minimum Wages Act, 1949.
- The Employment and Training Act, 1950.
- The Emplyment Restrictions Act 1959.
- The Overseas Employment Law, 1999.


text:
Poultry LED Lighting
In the poultry industry, light source selection plays a critical role for poultry growers. The light we percieve affects our mind and a wide array of metabolic processes within our body. The same holds true in animals, including poultry, though with one significant difference. The spectral sensitivity and visible spectrum of poultry, or whatever they literally see, is not the comparable to humans. Aside from retinal light perception, poultry can sense light via the pineal gland commonly known as the "third eye" found on the dorsal surface of the brain. The avian pineal gland is particularly active in the control of circadian rhythms and sexual activity. Poultry houses may be built for manipulating the light that enters into the poultry house to supplement the natural light entering the poultry house with artificial light. Light entering a poultry house may affect a chicken in two ways. In the beginning, the time frame where a chicken becomes sexually mature can be affected by the seasonal cycles the chicken experiences. Furthermore, the psychological wellbeing, and consequently the physical development, of the chicken can be influenced by the quantity and concentration of light it is exposed to. Turkeys or other animals are also frequently kept in such houses, and may be in the same way sensitive to light variation. A poultry lighting system generally has three characteristics: color of the light (wavelength), intensity of the light, and the amount of time the lights are on each day (daily photoperiod). Advantages of light-emitting diode (LED) lighting equipment makes it possible for solving vitally important problems in poultry farming because illumination has an effect on directly poultry growth, amount of feed being consumed, maturation, reproduction, sexual activity, behavior, egg production, aggression, feather picking, etc. Traditionally, poultry lighting has been limited to incandescent, fluorescent or high pressure sodium lamps. These lamps have fixed intensity and fixed color. Application of LEDs with appropriate spectral and power characteristics enables the development of light sources with characteristics in close proximity to optimum. LED lights are extraordinarily long-lasting and now are available in a number of colors and options.


Перевозка стройматериалов
Transportation of building materials in Ukraine
Specificity of transportation of building material
The construction of any object is a difficult and interesting task. In its implementation, various types of building materials are used: gravel, boards, pipes, metal structures, soil, lime, cement, sand, farms, etc. Each kind of building material has its own specifics of transportation, and should be delivered as quickly as possible and without damage to the object.
Often, for transportation of building material, these types of transport:
 1. Dumpers
 2. Rolling stock, mainly for oversized transport, namely, metal structures, beams, trusses, etc.
 3. Cement carriers
Cargo transportation of cement is one of the most extensive works in the transportation of building materials. At the same time, it is necessary to understand the specifics of the transportation of such expensive construction material, which, if not correctly transported, can lose part of the cargo due to spraying. It is also necessary to take into account the detrimental effect of moisture on cement, any interaction with water should be excluded. When transporting cement dust, it can also adversely affect the health of the driver, so you need to ensure the integrity and insulation of the packaging. Implementation of cement loading is carried out with the help of vacuum in the center of the cement carrier or bunker. Unloading is performed using a pneumatic method and a screw.
Transportation of construction cargo in bulk is performed using a dumper. It is carried out by forklift, belt conveyors, excavator. This kind of cargo transportation is used during excavation operations, as well as stripping works.
It has an interesting specificity of transporting liquid concrete. First, the transportation of concrete is limited in terms of time, because concrete has the property to harden because of the breakdown into component parts. In winter, it can freeze, so care must be taken to maintain certain climatic conditions of the container. An obligatory condition is the sealing of the body, containers, in order not to lose part of the material during loading. A transport agent for transportation is a concrete carrier with a stirrer drum.
Brick and its derivatives, transported on pallets or in a container way.
Logistic company "Rona" and transportation of building materials in Ukraine.
The company "Rona", takes into account all the features of logistics of cargo transportation of building material in Ukraine, ensures delivery on time, without losses, with minimal transportation costs. We work for all 24 regions of Ukraine.
Choosing transportation of building materials with the company "Rona" you will ensure a reliable delivery of cargo, which allows you to minimize the time of delivery of your facility.


The Home Category The Home: family money matters
What Are the Benefits of Tenants in Common?
There are several ways to hold title to real estate.
When two or more people hold title to one property together, a form of co-ownership must be selected.
"Tenants in common" (TIC) is just one form of co-ownership available.
It offers distinct benefits over other options, such as joint tenancy. It is important to carefully consider all available options and to consult with an attorney before making a final decision regarding title, as each form carries different legal and tax obligations.
Equal or Unequal Interests
Tenancy in common allows two or more owners to hold a title to property with unequal or equal interests. For example, one owner may have one-third, one-fourth or one-half interest in the property.
In addition, if five people own the property, they may each own one-fifth or some other fraction. It is important to note that it is only the interest in the property, and not the property itself, that is divided in this way.
Unity of Ownership
The tenants in common co-owners have "unity of possession." This means that all owners, despite their unequal or equal interests, are entitled to possess, or enjoy, the whole property and not just a fraction of it.
Transfer of Interest
Co-owners have separate rights to the property and may sell, convey or transfer their own share of the interest as they desire. Such action does not require the consent of the other owners. A co-owner's interest is passed on to heirs upon death, as specified by a will, if any.


text:
The spectacular Grand Hall offers an introduction to the history, cultures and beliefs of the First Peoples of Canada's Pacific Coast. With its curving, six-storey window wall and unrivalled view of Parliament Hill, the Grand Hall is one of the country's most impressive indoor public spaces and the Museum's architectural centrepiece.
Visitors will discover six iconic Native houses connected by a Pacific Coast shoreline and boardwalk, magnificent totem poles, the original plaster pattern for Spirit of Haida Gwaii by celebrated Haida artist Bill Reid, and Raven Bringing Light to the World, a gold-on-bronze sculpture by Robert Davidson.
Behind the house facades and boardwalk are two exhibitions: First Peoples of the Northwest Coast and From Time Immemorial – Tsimshian Prehistory.
First Peoples of the Northwest Coast offers a fascinating look at this renowned culture — a culture that is firmly rooted in history, but continues to thrive and evolve in the 21st century. Recently redesigned, the exhibition is organized by themes and offers a selection of historic and contemporary artifacts from the Museum's pre-eminent collection.
From Time Immemorial – Tsimshian Prehistory reproduces the archaeological excavations carried out from 1966 to 1978 in the Prince Rupert region of British Columbia. In an ancient forest setting, the exhibition presents the way of life of the Tsimshian nation in prehistoric times and the role of the archaeologist in bringing the past to light.
Top left: Grand Hall
CMC, photo Steven Darby, IMG2009-0096-0003-Dm
Top right: Spirit of Haida Gwaii by Bill Reid
CMC, photo Steven Darby, IMG2009-0111-0001-Dm
Bottom left: Raven Bringing Light to the World by Robert Davidson
CMC, photo Harry Foster, S89-1738
Bottom right: Morning Star by Alex Janvier
CMC, photo Steven Darby, IMG2010-0133-0004-Dm


About Mainak Goswami
Mainak Goswami is an experienced Technology Consultant specializing in JEE, Web Development and Open source technologies. He is currently based out of United Kingdom. He is a technology enthusiast trying to explore the latest in the world of technology. His current area of interest is Mobility, NoSQL and Cloud computing. In past time he loves blogging on his website Idiotechie.
Deep diving into Cloning
Before we proceed with the cloning concept let's refresh our basics with the object creation concept. When the objects are created using the new operator the objects gets the memory allocation in the Heap.
Object Creation in Heap
In Java ideally objects are modified through reference variable only i.e. only the memory address of the object is copied and hence any changes in the original object will be reflected in the new variable.
Glass objGlass1=new Glass();
Glass objGlass2=objGlass1;
Here, in this case any changes you make to object objGlass1 will reflect in object objGlass2 and vice versa. That means 'objGlass1== objGlass2' will return true both the reference variables objGlass1 and objGlass2 are referring to the same object. However if you are intending to copy the object unlike just copying the reference of the object then you will need cloning.
What is cloning?
Cloning is a process of copying an object i.e. creating a new instance by copying itself. Cloning in Java can be done by use of clone() method of the object.
Cloning creates and returns a copy of the object, with the same class and with all the fields having the same values.
Glass objGlass1 = new Glass();
Glass objGlass2 = (Glass) objGlass.clone();
Let's see the below analysis after cloning:
 - objGlass1!=objGlass2 returns TRUE which means that objGlass1 and objGlass2 are referring to two different memory locations i.e. two different objects.
 - objGlass1.getClass()==objGlass2 .getClass() returns TRUE which means the cloned object and the original object should be of the same type.
 - objGlass1.equals(objGlass2) returns TRUE which means the cloned object data should be equal to the original one(However it can be changed any time after cloning).

Shallow Cloning vs Deep Cloning
Java supports two types of Cloning – Shallow Cloning and Deep Cloning.
In case of Shallow cloning a new object is created that has an exact copy of the values in the original object. The clone() method of the Object provides the Shallow cloning. In this cloning mechanism the object is copied without its contained objects.
Shallow clone only copies the top level structure of the object not the lower levels.
Structure:
Shallow Cloning Structure
In the above diagram the OriginalObject1 has Field1 and a object contained called ReferenceObject1. Now during Shallow cloning of OriginalObject1 the ClonedObject2 is created with Field2 having the copied value from Field1 and it still points to the ReferenceObject1. The reason behind this is the Field1 is of primitive type so its values are copied into a Field2. However since ReferenceObject1 is an Object type the ClonedObject2 points to the same ReferenceObject1.
Any changes made to ReferenceObject1 will be visible ClonedObject2.
Shallow Cloning Structure
In case of Deep Cloning all the fields are copied. In this case even the objects referenced are copied in the cloned object along with the fields.
Deep Cloning Structure
As mentioned in the above figure the OriginalObject1 has a primitive type Field1 and a ReferenceObject1. Now when we do a deep cloning of the OriginalObject1 then the ClonedObject2 is created along with Field2 is having the copied values from Field1 and ReferenceObject2 containing the copied values of ReferenceObject1.
Deep Cloning Structure

Example of Shallow Cloning:
Shallow Cloning Example

Shallow Cloning Example
In the above example we have an original object Employee which has reference to Department class and a field EmployeeName. At the first instance let's assume that the values of the EmployeeName= "Chris" and DepartmentName ="Sales". When we clone the object Employee through Shallow Cloning then a ClonedEmployee object is created which has a duplicate field cloned EmployeeName and a Department. However we need to note that there is no duplicate Department object created. The cloned Employee object refers the same memory address of the referenced class Department.
So now when we change the original object values of EmployeeName to "Peter" and DepartmentName to "Finance" then the cloned EmployeeName field does not change. It still contains the old value (as per the above section of the diagram). However we must notice that the cloned DepartmentName has been modified now to "Finance" to reflect the change. This is because the cloned Employee refers to the same memory address as of the original object. So any change made to the original object reference is also visible to the cloned object referencing the original object. It doesn't get duplicated like the fields.
Code Example for Shallow Cloning
Department.java(ReferenceObject)
public class Department {
 private String deptName;
 public Department(String str) {
 deptName = str;
 }
 public String getDeptName() {
 return deptName;
 }
 public void setDeptName(String deptName) {
 this.deptName = deptName;
 }
}
Employee.java (main object)
public class Employee implements Cloneable {
 private String employeeName;
 private Department dept;
 public String getEmployeeName() {
 return employeeName;
 }
 public void setEmployeeName(String employeeName) {
 this.employeeName = employeeName;
 }
 public Department getDept() {
 return dept;
 }
 public void setDept(Department dept) {
 this.dept = dept;
 }
 public Employee(String emp, String empDept) {
 employeeName = emp;
 dept = new Department(empDept);
 }
 public Object clone() {
 try {
 return super.clone();
 } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
 return null;
 }
 }
}
Client.java
public static void main(String[] args) {
 Employee emp = new Employee('Chris', 'Sales');
 System.out.println('Original Object value - Employee Name:'
 + emp.getEmployeeName() + ' & department name:'
 + emp.getDept().getDeptName());
 Employee clonedEmployee = (Employee) emp.clone();
 System.out.println('Cloned object value - Employee Name:'
 + clonedEmployee.getEmployeeName() + ' & department name:'
 + clonedEmployee.getDept().getDeptName());
 // Now let's change values of Original Object
 emp.setEmployeeName('Peter');
 emp.getDept().setDeptName('Finance');
 System.out
 .println('Original Object value after it is modified - Employee Name:'
 + emp.getEmployeeName()
 + ' & department name:'
 + emp.getDept().getDeptName());
 System.out
 .println('Cloned object value after modification of original object' +
 ' - Employee Name:'
 + clonedEmployee.getEmployeeName()
 + ' & department name:'
 + clonedEmployee.getDept().getDeptName());
 }

Deep Cloning Example
Deep Cloning Example
In case of Deep cloning unlike the Shallow cloning the all the fields of the original object is copied to the clone object including the object which was referenced by the original object. This process make a copy of the dynamically allocated memory pointed to by the fields.
In the above example even if the original object is modified and its values are changed then the cloned object is not changed including the reference object value since it does not refer to the same memory address.
Code Example for Deep Cloning:
In case of deep cloning the only change happens in the clone() method. Unlike Shallow cloning the super.clone() method is not called and instead an object is created using the new operator inside the clone() method.
public Object clone() {
 //Deep Copy process
 Employee e = new Employee(employeeName, dept.getDeptName());
 return e;
}
Hope you have enjoyed this article. Please feel free to provide your feedback and comments.

Reference: Deep diving into Cloning from our JCG partner Mainak Goswami at the Idiotechie blog.
Related Whitepaper:
Bulletproof Java Code: A Practical Strategy for Developing Functional, Reliable, and Secure Java Code
Use Java? If you do, you know that Java software can be used to drive application logic of Web services or Web applications. Perhaps you use it for desktop applications? Or, embedded devices? Whatever your use of Java code, functional errors are the enemy!
To combat this enemy, your team might already perform functional testing. Even so, you


A day in the typical shift of a nurse
Stories - Sign NursingNo day in a nurse's life is actually typical, but they do follow a certain routine that anyone can follow.
However, you have to be prepared for the changes, the emergencies, and the craziness that can make up a nursing shift.
Pre-Shift
Many nurses like to come into the hospital a bit before their shift to get a handle on their assignment and the history in the computer. Getting yourself together is an important pre-shift ritual that will make it easier to take care of your patients in the coming hours.
Report
The first report is the one you receive from the nursing going home, and it is important in getting to know you patients. You should not hesitate to ask questions during report, and you should take good notes to ensure you remember all of the details that may not be in the computer yet.
Assessment
You then need to go around to each of your patients on your assignment, introduce yourself, and perform a preliminary assessment. Depending on what their chief complaint is, you can tailor the assessment to their problem, but you should do a total head to toe assessment on everyone just in case.
Med Pass
Just about every shift has a med pass, and it can take up a good deal of your time depending on how many patients you have.
Most of the time, med passes are interrupted, but this is a way to check in on patients, make sure they are still stable, and to get the meds to them that they need before the next part of their day.
Charting
After you've passed meds, you can start charting on your assessment findings and any other emergencies that have happened during your shift. Charting is a difficult nut to crack for most new nurses, but as you continue to chart every day, you learn what to include and what to leave out.
Odds and Ends
Inevitably, there will be odds and ends that you have to attend to, such as emergencies, call lights, physical therapy, imaging tests, and new orders from the doctor. This stage actually spans the whole shift because you are doing whatever occurs when it occurs during the entire time you are taking care of the patient.
Report
The second report is when you tell the oncoming nurse what happened during your shift and get them up to speed with your patients. The secret to giving good report is taking good notes on your assessment data and the emergencies that arise during the shift, and this helps to give the oncoming nurse a good picture of what happened during the past 8 to 12 hours.
Leaving the Building
Even after the shift is over, you may have extra charting to complete or other problems that you are responsible for. Try to leave the building as close to the end of your shift as possible because you will likely burn out if you stay well into the next shift, trying to play catch up from the last one.
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text:
Model Jar on Stand
These little models represent pointed or roundbottomed containers that Egyptians stored in upright stands. The shapes of the pots suggest that they held water or beer. Models like these examples may have been placed in a temple as symbolic offerings to a god.
This text refers to these objects:'58.128.3; 58.128.2
- Medium: Faience
- Possible Place Made: Abydos, Egypt
- Dates: ca. 3200-2675 B.C.E.
- Dynasty: I Dynasty-II Dynasty
- Period: Naqada III Period-Early Dynastic Period
- Dimensions: 2 9/16 x 13/16 in. (6.5 x 2 cm) (show scale)
- Collections:Egyptian, Classical, Ancient Near Eastern Art
- Museum Location: This item is on view in Egypt Reborn: Art for Eternity, Pre-Dynastic, Egyptian Galleries, 3rd Floor
- Accession Number: 58.128.2
- Credit Line: Charles Edwin Wilbour Fund
- Rights Statement: Creative Commons-BY
- Caption: Model Jar on Stand, ca. 3200-2675 B.C.E. Faience, 2 9/16 x 13/16 in. (6.5 x 2 cm). Brooklyn Museum, Charles Edwin Wilbour Fund, 58.128.2. Creative Commons-BY
- Record Completeness: Good (78%)