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CARE & SUPPLIES
CAPTIVE SINCE 2008
CAPTIVE SINCE 2008
CARE & SUPPLIES
loves full moons
CHAMELEON CARE SHEET
Chameleons make rewarding pets, but they need a lot of attention. Their care can be more demanding than many other reptiles, and some species are particularly difficult to keep. Some of your first considerations should be about the appropriateness of a chameleon in your care. It is important to recognize that chameleons are shy, solitary animals that would much rather be left alone. Some chameleons show stress and anger when being handled, but we believe that handling builds trust.
Frequent handling can be tolerated with most captive breed species. Wild caught chameleons are prone to stress during such interactions which can lead to illnesses that are difficult to catch and treat. Further, similar stress can occur under inadequate husbandry conditions, so it is important to provide an appropriate environment and consistent care.
Additionally, being solitary animals, chameleons do not tolerate cohabitation with other animals, even their own species. In most circumstances, your chameleon should be housed alone.
Most chameleons are easiest to keep in a screen or wire mesh enclosure. These are available in various forms. Aluminum-framed screen cages and PVC framed mesh enclosures are the most common. Chameleons do not do well with the stagnant air associated with most tanks. Further, there are occasionally issues with reflection and barrier confusion in glass enclosures.In general, it is easiest to keep chameleons in screen enclosures to eliminate these issues.
Many new keepers often worry about their ability to maintain humidity and temperature in mesh enclosures. Thankfully, there are various methods of doing so. mentioned below. Chameleons are, for the most part, arboreal animals. When designing their enclosures, it is important to remember this andprovide branches and other items for climbing.
Enclosures should provide sufficient vertical space, but not neglect horizontal room. Adult male Panther or Veiled Chameleons do well in cages 4 feet tall and 2 feet square. Females do well in somewhat smaller enclosures. When placing your enclosure in your home, remember chameleons live in trees and bushes and height is one of their protection mechanisms from predators. As a result, having the cage low to the ground can be potentially stressful for your chameleon, and you should consider elevating the enclosure to provide for this comfort.
Chameleons require a decent amount of foliage cover to feel secure. While some keepers are inclined to provide fake plants, live plants are far superior, and also have other benefits. To start with, live plants help maintain humidity in the enclosure which is important for chameleons. Further, some species, like Veiled Chameleons, are omnivores and will eat some of the leaves from the plants in their enclosure. Additionally, live plants provide excellent coverage and climbing area.
It is important to stick to nontoxic plant species in case your chameleon or its feeders should ingest any of the plant. Some commonly utilized species include various Ficus trees, Hibiscus, Pothos and Schefflera. These plants should be washed prior to being placed in the enclosure to remove any pesticides used by their supplier. In addition to plants, both vertical and horizontal branches should be provided for the chameleon to use. Such branches should be of varying diameter to provide the chameleon with the ability to grasp surfaces of different dimensions. Manzanita and wooden dowels with push pins or thumbtacks to hold them in place work well.
Substrates should be avoided in chameleon enclosures. They provide a risk of impaction to the animal, are a breeding ground for bacteria and fungus and are of little use to chameleons. Bare bottom enclosures or use of paper towels is recommended. It is, however, important to keep the bottom of the enclosure clean to prevent fungal and bacteria buildup.
Chameleons require UVB radiation to aid in calcium absorption. Many lights claim to provide UVB radiation for reptiles but these claims are often overstated or inaccurate. Even bulbs that claim to have equal UVB output to other recommended bulbs frequently do not test nearly as high in independent studies.
In general, the Reptisun 5.0 is considered to be the best bulb for chameleons. It provides the appropriate amount of UVB lighting with generally good results for keepers. That said, your chameleon will need to be able to sit within 12 inches of the bulb to properly utilize the rays and the bulb should be replaced every 6 months to a year. In addition to a UVB source, an incandescent light source should be provided for basking. Wattage will vary depending on desired basking spot temperature, distance from basking spot and ambient temperature. You will want to place the bulb in such a way as to provide a temperature gradient in the enclosure for your chameleon to vary its body temperature as it pleases. This gradient should range from areas in the mid 70s to a recommended basking temperature in the high 90s. Care should be taken to prevent your chameleon from being able to get too close to a basking light, as serious burns can occur, seemingly without the chameleon becoming aware during occurrence.
Mercury vapor and other similar bulbs advertise their ability to provide both heat and UVB radiation in one. These should generally be avoided with most chameleon enclosures, however; as they fails to provide independent UVB and temperature gradients in most enclosures. The UVB radiance levels and radiance distances are simply too high to be used in most chameleon enclosures effectively and should be avoided by new keepers.
Chameleons don't tend to recognize standing water as a source of drinking water. As a result, and since water bowls can be a source of bacteria and fungal buildup, standing water sources are not recommended for chameleons. Instead, chameleons should be misted heavily a couple times a day for a minimum of 5 minutes each session. Many chameleons don't begin drinking until a couple minutes into a mist, and as a result, require misting sessions of this length. The chameleon will start to lick its lips and lap water off the leaves of the plants in its enclosure. In addition to misting, you can provide a drip system whereby a container above the cage gradually drips water onto the leaves inside the enclosure over a period of a few hours a day. You can make one by punching a small hole in the bottom of a deli cup, or other container until it is of appropriate size to gradually drip water into the cage.
Often, new keepers try to incorporate a waterfall into their enclosure on the recommendation of a pet store or the manufacturer. Unfortunately, while it eliminates the issue of the chameleon not recognizing standing water and helps humidity, it is also a breeding ground for bacteria and fungus that you are encouraging your chameleon to drink from. Further, chameleons tend to defecate in such devices only adding to the problem. It is best to avoid these waterfalls and stick to misting and drippers. In general, misting a few times a day, a drip system and live plants are sufficient to provide appropriate humidity in screen enclosures. If shedding issues occur or humidity otherwise seems too low, a humidifier aimed at the enclosure can be utilized as long as it is kept clean.
FEEDING AND NUTRITION
A varied diet is important for chameleons. It helps balance their nutrition and prevents hunger strikes. Excellent staple feeders include well-fed crickets, silkworms and roach nymphs, and treats include farm raised flies, hornworms, mantids, stick insects and superworms. Your feeders should be well fed themselves to promote a well balanced diet. Provide them with a diet of various leafy green vegetables and fruit. Broccoli, soy and spinach, however, should be avoided, as it is known to bind Chameleons' calcium absorption pathways. In addition to providing your feeders with appropriate food, you'll need to occasionally dust your feeders with vitamin and mineral supplements as you feed them to your chameleon. Vitamin supplements should be used less often than calcium supplement and the frequency of each will vary based on the chameleon species, sex and age.
An important aspect of chameleon care is observation and noting changes in health and behavior early. Illness in chameleons progresses quickly. Often, once it is noticeable, it may already be extremely difficult to treat. A healthy chameleon should not sleep during the day, should have full, open eyes with turrets that are not sunken in, should have a firm grip for its size, should not have extra bends or elbows in its limbs or a flexible casque (head crest) and should not make crackling or popping sounds when it breathes. If you observe any inconsistencies or notice any behavior changes, you should seek out a qualified reptile vet for assistance.
Some chameleon species are able to change their skin colors. Different chameleon species are able to change different colors which can include pink, blue, red, orange, green, black, brown, light blue, yellow, turquoise and purple.Color change in chameleons happens in social signaling and in reactions to temperature and to camouflage. The relative importance of the changing colors varies with the circumstances as well as the species. Color change signals a chameleon's physiological condition and intentions to other chameleons.
Chameleons tend to show darker colors when angered, or attempting to scare or intimidate others, while males


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Science & Technology - Posted by Anna Blackaby-Warwick on Monday, October 1, 2012 10:33 - 1 Comment
Electron ring images confirm Landau Levels
U. WARWICK (UK) — Physicists have directly imaged Landau Levels for the first time since Nobel Prize-winner Lev Landau conceived of them in 1930.
Landau Levels are quantum levels that determine electron behavior in a strong magnetic field.
Using scanning tunneling spectroscopy—a spatially resolved probe that interacts directly with the electrons—scientists at institutions including the University of Warwick and Tohoku University have revealed the internal ring-like structure of these Landau Levels at the surface of a semiconductor.
In the image, electrons form concentric rings, which increase in number according to their energy level. (Credit: U. Warwick)
Straight from the Source
The experimental challenge in the work was to have sufficient spatial resolution in order to overcome the intrinsic disorder in the material which usually only allows the observation of smeared out "drift" states.
The images clearly show that Landau was right when he predicted that, in a clean system, the electrons would take on the form of concentric rings, the number of which increase according to their energy level.
This simple counting behavior forms the basis of the so-called quantum Hall effect.
While originally of mostly fundamental interest, more recently the effect has been used to define the standard for what we mean by electrical resistance and could soon be employed to define the kilogram as well.
"This is an exciting step for us," says Professor Rudolf Roemer of the department of physics. "We are really seeing for the first time individual quantum mechanical wave functions of electrons in real materials.
"On the face of it this might seem far removed from everyday life. However the question of what defines a kilogram is currently being debated, with the spacing between the rings of these Landau levels acting as a kind of marker for a universal weight.
"So next time you measure out your sugar to bake a cake, you might unknowingly be making use of these quantum rings."
The research was published in the journal Physical Review Letters.
Source: University of Warwick

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Date Added ↓
Date Added ↑
Re-Presenting Art History
Re-Presenting Art History: An Unfinished Process
Can reenactment both as reactivation of images and restaging of exhibitions be considered an alternative way of tackling the critical task to re-present art history (i.e., to present it anew) in the here and now, over and over and over again? The gesture of restoring visibility to something no longer present, reactivating or reembodying it as an object/image in and for the present, is here proposed as a (political) act of restitution and historical recontextualization. Examining the boundaries between past and present, original and copy (as well as originality and copyright), repetition and variation, authenticity and auraticity, presence and absence, canon and appropriation, durée and transience, the paper focuses on remediation, reinterpretation, and reconstruction as creative gestures and cultural promises in contemporary art practice, curatorship, and museology.
2022. re-presentation; contemporary art; postmodernism; curatorship; art history; Aby Warburg; museology
Interruptions and discontinuity are the very essence of Aby Warburg's conception of the temporality that affects art objects. Beneath the seemingly immobilized expressive gesture, the Hamburg scholar recognizes the vitality of the Pathosformeln that convey the intricacy of human multi-layered temporality, made of interruptions, resumptions, inversions, regressions, stops, accelerations, and survivals (Nachleben). In this sense, Warburg's idea of 'renewal', which he developed from his well-known investigation of the Italian Renaissance, does not quite overlap with the notion of rebirth: an expressive gesture can re-emerge and be renewed in a different time without dying and being born a second time with a different form.
2019. Aby Warburg; Pathosformel; Nachleben; Kreuzlingen; regression

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: 2. Do you think John Mackey has a good strategic vision for Whole Foods? Why or why not? What do you like/dislike about the company's mission/vision "Whole Foods, Whole People, Whole Planet" that is set forth in case Exhibit 1? Do the mission/vision and the core values underlying it (case Exhibit 3) really matter at this company or are they just nice words and cosmetic window dressing? Explain. 3. Do Whole Foods Market's core values as presented in case Exhibit 3 really matter? Are they "real" or just cosmetic window dressing? What evidence can you cite to support your answer? Have Whole Foods' core values contributed to the company's success? Why or why not? 4. Based on the financial statement data in case Exhibits 9, 10, and 11, how well is Whole Foods Market performing? Use the financial ratio information in Table 4.1 of Chapter 4 (pages 98-99) to assist you in calculating a revealing set of' financial ratios and interpreting them. 5. How well is Whole Foods Market performing from a strategic perspective? Does Whole Foods enjoy a competitive advantage over its 3 chief rivals-Wild Oats, Fresh Market and Trader Joe's? Does the company have a winning strategy? 6. What recommendations would you make to John Mackey regarding the actions that Whole Foods' management needs to take to sustain the company's growth and financial performance?


May 16, 2020
Global consumers willing to pay more for British manufactured products
Sophie Chapman
2 min
Supply chain inefficiencies and miscommunication through "Chinese Whispers" are costing UK businesses over £1.5bn in lost productivity
A report released by Barclays Corporate Banking indicates that 39% of global consumers would be more likely to purchase products produced in the UK.
The report, dubbed Brand Britain: Export Opportunities for UK Businesses, notes that Asia and the Middle East are the most likely, conveying more interest in Brand Britain, and the association with quality.
Out of the 8,060 people surveyed, 67% Indian people, 62% people from the UAE, and 61% of Chinese people were more inclined.
The Barclays research also suggested that the dedication to British manufactured products was strongest with young people, with almost half (48%) said they would be more likely to purchase.
The majority of young people in China, between the ages of 25-34, were more interested in British made commodities, at 73%.
People with the over 55 age group, however, were less likely to be encouraged by British production, at only 24%.
The survey, which questioned people from eight markets – France, Germany, Republic of Ireland, India, China, UAE, the US, and South Africa – noted that food, fashion, and cars were the most popular products from the UK.
22% of consumers would be more willing to purchase food knowing it was from Britain.
Cars received 10% interest, with 9% of the group encouraged by British exported clothing, matching with 9% of people more likely to purchase British alcohol.
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Jun 16, 2021 x BSH: Voice Automating the Assembly Line
What Sets Apart?
 - Low latency. The AI understands commands quickly and accurately.
How Voice Automation Works
Future Global Adoption
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text:
- Use towels, sheets or crushed up paper to line a book box ( Packing Tip – If you use butchers paper it comes in large sheets and is acid free).
- Lay out paper in one pile.
- Place plate in the middle of the paper, fold in one corner of the sheet of the paper over the plate place another plate on the top and repeat until in a group of four to six.
- Wrap plates in a bundle and place into the box on their side ( Packing Tip – This way they are much stronger individually other wise if they are flat the bottom plate has the weight of all the plates on top and could break).
- Fill the box this way and place more padding on the top until box is full ( Packing Tip – The less air gaps in the box the the less chance of the box collapsing and the stronger it will be).
- Place glass diagonal angel at one corner of the paper.
- Roll halfway then fold in both ends and continue rolling up until it is a tight package ( Packing Tip – As you are rolling up the glass try and wrap as much crush paper around the stem).
- Place into lined box upside down.
- Make sure there is padding inside boxes all way to the bottom.
- Place glass diagonal at one corner of the paper.
- Roll halfway then fold in the bottom of the glass side and continue rolling to the end.
- Carefully tuck paper into the open end of the glass ( Packing Tip – Some large glasses can have the paper tucked in the opening however if the glass is thin it may break).
- Place into lined box standing upright.
- Books can be pack into book boxes only. They are made to a size that can be filled with books and the cardboard box is still strong enough to hold the weight.


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Everyone loves birds. They are majestic and inspiring. They are dedicated parents. Their sweet songs fill the air with life. They're also a great way to learn about nature and science.
"Imagine a school class having fun and learning about biology by playing a game of Bird Bingo or Habitat Scavenger Hunt," said Les Fruits de Mer President Jenn Yerkes. "We're excited to make that possible by offering a free training program for teachers and educators. It can be used in the classroom and outdoors and it was made for the Caribbean."
BirdSleuth Caribbean is a set of fun lessons and activities that uses birds to teach youth about nature and science. BirdSleuth Caribbean has been specially adapted for the region, so kids learn about the birds and habitats that they can see around them. It's designed for students 9-13 years old. The program contains lessons, activities and learning games that can be done in the classroom and outdoors.
Les Fruits de Mer will be hosting free training in the BirdSleuth program with instructor Binkie van Es. Participants will enjoy hands-on training and receive materials to bring back to their class or youth group. On each training day, 4-5 different games and activities will be taught.
"It's an amazing feeling to see kids fall in love with birds and science through the BirdSleuth program," explained BirdSleuth instructor Binkie van Es. "Birds are the perfect gateway to a love of nature and a passion for learning. The activities are a lot of fun for teachers, too!"
The training will be at Amuseum Naturalis at The Old House on two Saturdays: September 22 and Sept 29, from 9am-1pm. It will be bilingual in English and French. It is free, and lunch will be served after each training session. If you are interested, please contact [email protected]itsdemer.com to reserve your spot in the free training.


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$\begingroup$
I am learning Mathematica because I love it. I also love solving puzzles so I think it would be a nice way to learn Mathematica through puzzles. This is first puzzle in series I intend to solve.
So here is the problem.
 - People = 20
 - Food = 20
 - Restrictions;
 - A man eats 2 units
 - A woman consumes 1.5 units
 - A baby can take only .5 units of food
 - Combined number of men women and babies must equal 20
 - All units of food must be consumed.
There are four possible solutions, I would like to learn
 1. shortest syntax to get a random solution
 2. syntax/program which gives all possible solution
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9
 - $\begingroup$ @m_goldberg I disagree with change of tag as it is an iteration problem. i.e. it has less number of equations to solve than the variables, so no matrix solution is possible for them. Only way to solve such problem is through iteration. So iteration tag was best suited here. $\endgroup$ – Jawad_Mansoor Feb 25 '17 at 17:08
 - $\begingroup$ No iteration is needed to solve this problem in Mathematica. $\endgroup$ – m_goldberg Feb 25 '17 at 17:09
 - $\begingroup$ Alright then, if you think you can do that then do it on paper. You will find getting solutions to questions which have less number of equations than variables (which make the equations) is not easy. Because you will have to hit and try to get correct answer Anyway, if you REALLY KNOW that there is a way to solve such kind of puzzles/questions then do tell me I am always eager to learn. $\endgroup$ – Jawad_Mansoor Feb 25 '17 at 17:13
 - 3
 $\begingroup$ You already got an answer from mikado that doesn't use iteration. $\endgroup$ – m_goldberg Feb 25 '17 at 17:16
 - $\begingroup$ @m_goldberg if that was not iteration then I don't know what is. $\endgroup$ – Jawad_Mansoor Feb 25 '17 at 17:27
20
$\begingroup$
We can do this more efficiently using IntegerPartitions:
Counts /@ IntegerPartitions[20, {20}, {1, 3, 4}/2]
{
 <|2 -> 6, 3/2 -> 1, 1/2 -> 13|>,
 <|2 -> 4, 3/2 -> 4, 1/2 -> 12|>,
 <|2 -> 2, 3/2 -> 7, 1/2 -> 11|>,
 <|3/2 -> 10, 1/2 -> 10|>
}
Also as requested code for only one solution:
Counts /@ IntegerPartitions[20, {20}, {1, 3, 4}/2, 1]
{<|2 -> 6, 3/2 -> 1, 1/2 -> 13|>}
This does not generate all and then throw some away; it only generates the one requested.
As a rule when working any problem similar to this I try to apply IntegerPartitions as when it fits it is usually much faster than Solve, Reduce, etc. Some examples:
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 - 1
 $\begingroup$ Nice. I didn't know we could use rationals in IntegerPartitions $\endgroup$ – Simon Woods Feb 25 '17 at 22:54
 - $\begingroup$ @Mr.Wizard thank you for introducing me to this option of IntegerPartitions. Useful for 'Nickel and Dime' problems...:) $\endgroup$ – ubpdqn Feb 26 '17 at 3:30
 - $\begingroup$ @mr.wizard thank you. I never imagined a community so prolific with genius minds and yet to humble and generous. Thank you all, everybody for participating. I know I need to learn a lot and this is my starting point and I see it is good for many other people as well they are learning too. $\endgroup$ – Jawad_Mansoor Feb 26 '17 at 7:55
 - $\begingroup$ @mr.wizard how do you make hyper links appear like that? They are neat and short. I mean I don't see a full length link like [Link] mathematica.stackexchange.com/questions/22397/… [/Link] Instead of just a few words as you mentioned integerpartitions (off site link) and three on site links. $\endgroup$ – Jawad_Mansoor Feb 26 '17 at 11:43
 - $\begingroup$ @Jawad For the first kind I am using the Ref button added by halirutan's wonderful toolbar extension. The three links at the bottom are auto-formatted by the site software; simply include a bare URL like _URL_ and it appears as a link with a proper title. Start a line with - to create a "bullet point" as I used for those last three links. $\endgroup$ – Mr.Wizard Feb 26 '17 at 11:49
21
$\begingroup$
Just write the problem literally and use Reduce
Reduce[
 m >= 0 && w >= 0 && b >= 0 && {m, w, b} ∈ Integers &&
 2 m + 3/2 w + 1/2 b == 20 && m + w + b == 20, {m, w, b}]
(* (m == 0 && w == 10 && b == 10) || (m == 2 && w == 7 && b == 11) ||
 (m == 4 && w == 4 && b == 12) || (m == 6 && w == 1 && b == 13) *)
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5
 - $\begingroup$ man that was fast, and thank you. :) Really appreciate that. $\endgroup$ – Jawad_Mansoor Feb 25 '17 at 16:48
 - $\begingroup$ I found these also work 'Reduce[2 m + 3/2 w + 1/2 b == 20 && {m, w, b} [Element] Integers && {m, w, b} >= 0 && m + w + b == 20]' And 'Reduce[2 m + 3/2 + 1/2 b == 20 && w + m + b == 20 && {m, w, b} >= 0, {m, w, b}, Integers]' But since they are based on your code so kudos to you my friend. Also, I just copied the e 'MEMBER' I don't know how to write it. How to write e? $\endgroup$ – Jawad_Mansoor Feb 25 '17 at 17:00
 - $\begingroup$ I don't know how to format code in code format, as you did. Please tell me how to format that also. Thank you $\endgroup$ – Jawad_Mansoor Feb 25 '17 at 17:04
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ @Jawad to format code use backward apostrophes, the top left key of my keyboard, with the tilde (~). $\endgroup$ – Nicholas G Feb 25 '17 at 17:21
 - $\begingroup$ Reduce[2 m + 3/2 w + 1/2 b == 20 && {m, w, b} [Element] Integers && {m, w, b} >= 0 && m + w + b == 20] Reduce[2 m + 3/2 + 1/2 b == 20 && w + m + b == 20 && {m, w, b} >= 0, {m, w, b}, Integers] Thank @NicholasG man $\endgroup$ – Jawad_Mansoor Feb 25 '17 at 17:33
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$\begingroup$
Another solution:
Select[FrobeniusSolve[{20, 15, 5}, 200], Total[#] == 20 &]
{{0, 10, 10}, {2, 7, 11}, {4, 4, 12}, {6, 1, 13}}
The first element in each list is the number of men, the second element is the number of women, and the third element is the number of babies.
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2
 - $\begingroup$ I did not understand that solution at all. However it is correct. But how does it work, please explain. $\endgroup$ – Jawad_Mansoor Feb 25 '17 at 17:29
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ @Jawad_Mansoor You have to read the documentation for FrobeniusSolve as that is the core of the solution. The Select comes from the fact that FrobeniusSolve returns all possible combinations of any number of men, women, and children. Select picks out just those solutions where the total number of people is 20. $\endgroup$ – C. E. Feb 25 '17 at 17:42
10
$\begingroup$
YAW: Yet Another Way.
FindInstance seems created for such tasks


text:
1. Help prepare debt management plans and frameworks
2. Support implementation of priority actions in the debt management plan
3. Help develop climate budget tagging (CBT) methodology and guidelines
4. Support the incorporation of State Action Plan for Climate Change priorities into State's climate budget considerations and facilitate adoption of climate budget by key Departments
5. Other tasks, if required.
To enhance Kerala's resilience against the impacts of climate change, natural disasters and disease outbreaks

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Ethene production from tomato crop 10 April 2017
EMS measured together with Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops in ultra low concentrations, the ethene production from tomato plants. This test took place in the laboratory of EMS. Two types of tomato plants were used, 1 standard ethene producing tomato crop cultivar "Moneymaker" and 1 cultivar called "Epi", which are mutants, modified tomato crops that produces a lot more ethene.
The results show indeed differences in production rates which are expressed in nl/g/hr (nanoliter ethene per gram green parts per hour). The "Epi" modified tomato plants produces about 2.5 times more ethylene then the standard cultivar "Moneymaker". A repetition of this test with other plants, results in exactly the same results and production rates. This test showed that it is easy possible to measure with the MACView Postharvest Ethene Analyser in the ultra low concentration range of a few ppb ethene without interfering gases. The measurements were taken automatically and the setup was buildup in minuts.
Also Mr. D. Schwarz is enthousiastic about the setup and the results. We look forward for a close cooperation !


text:
The challenge is to predict the centers (x and y coordinates) of the dark matter halos in the test set of 120 skies.
We have provided DarkWorldsMetric.py that you can use to calculate the metric of your estimates to the training data. All you need are the python packages numpy, math, csv, c, getopt, sys and argparse and to run it type
and it shold output the metric. Here is how it works...
In order to test your algorithm for Accuracy and Precision there will be two parts to the metric. The first part will be how close you get to the true position of the halo, and the second will be to make sure there is no preferred direction to your estimates (positional bias).
Where F will be the average radial distance from the user estimate to the true position of the halo. In the case of more than one halo we will match up your estimates to the true estimates in the configuration that gives the best average radial distance
in that particular sky so you will get the best score possible.
G is calculated by firstly finding the angle of the predicted position with respect to the centre of the true halo position, where the angle is measured from the estimated position to the line connecting the true halo position and a given reference point
as shown in the figure. Then each angle is converted into a vector and then the average vector is calculated. If the algorithm has no preferred direction this average vector should be 0. We calculate the vector using the following equation.


text:
Oil Painting Mediums
Abacus Resources stock a large range of oil painting mediums which can be used for a whole variety of effects. Painting Mediums can be used to effect oil colors when painting in the following ways -
- To modify the working properties of the paint.
- To influence drying rates.
- To increase transparency.
- To alter the surface quality (Gloss to Matt).
The difference from one painting medium to another, is how they create these effects.


text:
When innovation and ingenuity come together, incredible things are created. This is the case of 'Pukio', a machine with the capacity to generate clean water by means of an intelligent mechanism that cools air and condenses water vapor, using various filters to purify this resource.
This device was created by Inventum, a startup comprising experts and students from the Catholic University of Peru (PUCP). It adapts to the geographical and atmospheric conditions of any city in the world, i.e. with a relative humidity from 10% to 100% and temperatures from 5° to 50° Celsius.
"Pukio means spring in Quechua. It's a Peruvian word, for technology proudly made in Peru. To show the world that we can do great things here", says César Coasaca, mechanical engineer and co-founder of Inventum.
How does it work?
According to Farit Zúñiga, a pharmaceutical chemist and member of the Inventum team, Pukio works in a simple way: "water is obtained from the condensation of air. It's like getting a can out of the fridge. First, it's dry, but then it starts dripping water due to the cooling process."
The device can be taken apart and it can operate in open environments, both with conventional electricity and renewable energy (including solar panels, and wind and photovoltaic energy).
Zúñiga said this invention will allow many people to have access to water using very little energy. By drawing water from the air we can get water in places where there is not even a dirty or polluted river, "in an hour we can capture up to four liters of sustainable water".
According to Inventum, the final version of Pukio, in stainless steel, will be able to work on the coast, in the mountains and in the jungle, with different levels of humidity, and, furthermore, it will capture up to 150 liters of water. However, the goal is for it to be powered by solar energy and reach a capacity of 20,000 liters per day. Moreover, among the improvements, there are plans to incorporate industry 4.0 technologies such as artificial intelligence tools and an internet connection for remote monitoring of equipment operation.
It should be noted that Inventum is already seeking to form partnerships with other companies in order to market this product and enter the domestic market as soon as possible as a domestic appliance.
Allied with agriculture
Coasaca also said they plan to connect Pukio to a network of climate and soil monitoring sensors in order to promote efficient agriculture; the information obtained will be of great help in crop productivity and pest prevention.
What is Inventum?
Inventum is a Peruvian startup founded in 2016 comprising business, foreign trade, health, machine design and automation experts, who seek to generate positive changes in society through activities, using the latest technology.
This company receives business support from the Center for Innovation and Business Development at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (CIDE-PUCP).
Did you know?
- Through the Bio Challenge Contest, the project has received co-funding of up to S/ 50,000 and technical support from the Innóvate Perú Program.
Sources: Inventum/ Coca Cola/ eleconomistaamerica.pe


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Creating a Webhook in your Datadog Account
1. In the Integrations section of your Datadog account, search for the Webhook integration and Install.
2. Open the Configuration tab and scroll down to enter Webhook details:
Name: Enter any name for your Webhook. This does not need to match any of the information entered when creating your data feed in the NS1 portal.
URL: Enter the Feed URL generated in the Data Sources section of the NS1 portal.
3. In the Monitors section, select New Monitor and choose the appropriate monitor type. This integration is compatible with Host, Metric, Custom check, Event and Outlier types.
4. Fill out your monitoring preferences as you normally would. The Monitor Name entered in step 3 must match the name you enter in the Datadog Monitor Name field in the NS1 portal and the monitoring message needs to include a request to notify the webhook you created (eg. Notify _USER_-NS1_Webhook).
Connecting to Datadog in the NS1 Portal
1. Navigate to the Integrations section of the NS1 portal, scroll down to the list of Supported Services and click on Datadog.
2. Click on "Create an Incoming Datafeed," which will prompt you to fill out the following fields:
- Name (for internal reference): As it implies, this name does not need to match anything entered in your Datadog account.
- Fail on "Warning": Likewise, if you have configured any warnings in Datadog, it is possible to have these alerts result in a Down marking by checking the box. If left unchecked, up/down will be left unchanged from prior state.
- Fail on "No Data": Datadog will report one of four statuses - Triggered, Recovered, Warning and No Data. Triggered status will always result in a Down marking and Recovered in Up. If box is checked, No Data status will result in a Down marking. If left unchecked, there will be no impact to up/down status.
- Datadog Monitor Name: This must be an exact match for the monitor name entered in Datadog.
3. Under the Zones section of the NS1 portal, navigate to a record that contains Answers you wish to monitor via Datadog.
4. If your Filter Chain is already configured with the Up filter, click Filter Data to make the associated metadata appear. Alternatively, you can click the gear icon next to All Answer Data to make all metadata appear.
5. Now click the plug icon in the Up metadata row for the answer you would like to connect to Datadog. We'll use the primary 22.214.171.124 answer in this example. Choose 3rd Party Integrations.
6. Your newly created Datadog alert will appear alongside any previously configured 3rd-party integrations. Click on the Datadog integration and hit Save.


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Food Safety After A Fire
Discard food that has been near a fire. Three factors can affect food that has been exposed to fire: the heat of the fire, smoke fumes, and chemicals used to put out the fire.
One of the most dangerous elements of a fire is the release of toxic fumes from burning materials. These fumes can contaminate food, tableware, and cookware, as can toxic components from the chemicals used to put out the fire. Below are some guidelines to follow to ensure safety of food:
- Discard food in permeable packaging such as cardboard, plastic wrap, screwed topped jars and bottles stored outside the refrigerator
- Discard raw foods such as fruits and vegetables that were stored outside the refrigerator.
- Check the refrigerator and freezer for off odors. Doors on the units' do not seal airtight and fumes can contaminate within. Discard any foods that have off odors in the unit
- Decontaminate canned goods, tableware and cookware by washing in soap and hot water, and then submerge for 15 minutes in a solution of 1 teaspoon of bleach per quart of water.
- Discard any canned foods that smell or look spoiled, as heat damage may have occurred.
For more information, please contact the Fairfax County Health Department _PHONE_; TTY: 711.


text:
The Average Value of a Function
A series of calculus lectures. How to find the average value of a function?
Finding the Average Value of a Function
Average value of a function over a closed interval
Calculating average value of function over interval
Rotate to landscape screen format on a mobile phone or small tablet to use the Mathway widget, a free math problem solver that answers your questions with step-by-step explanations.
You can use the free Mathway calculator and problem solver below to practice Algebra or other math topics. Try the given examples, or type in your own problem and check your answer with the step-by-step explanations.


When it comes to undressing in front of others, it shouldn't matter whether a person verbally identifies as male or female. Verbal statements don't change biological facts.
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A FEW months ago, the state of Washington decided to allow people to choose locker rooms based on an internal sense of whether they are male or female instead of sticking with the longstanding, sensible practice of designating locker rooms for use by men or women based on clear biological realities. So it should come as no surprise that a man walked into the women's and girls' locker room to change at a public pool on Feb. 8.
When the man walked in to undress, the locker room was occupied by women and members of a girls' swim team, presumably in various states of undress. Quite understandably, some of them "became alarmed" and complained to the Seattle Parks and Recreation staff. Although the man said "the law has changed and I have a right to be here," the staff asked him to leave the women's locker room, which he did.
So, was the man allowed to be in the women's locker room or was he not? Seattle Parks and Recreation issued a statement suggesting that the man would not have been asked to leave if he had simply verbally identified as a woman.
So let's get this straight. If the same man, under the same circumstances, had only said, "Relax ladies, I'm a woman, too," the Parks and Recreation staff would have allowed him to use the women's locker room? It sure seems that way. Why would they stand for that? Because it's actually what the law seems to require.
A man can say he's a woman until he's blue in the face, but when he undresses in a locker room occupied by women and girls he violates their privacy, potentially exposes male anatomy to innocent young girls, and risks triggering significant trauma for any women or girls who bear the scars of sexual assault.
For these reasons and more, our society has long recognized that biological realities demand that males and females not be forced together when bathing, changing clothes, using the restroom, or engaging in other activities where privacy is compromised. This common-sense belief in modesty and privacy—not animosity toward any demographic—impels our society's insistence on separate locker rooms and restrooms for the two sexes.
Ultimately, when it comes to undressing in front of others, it shouldn't matter whether a person verbally identifies as male or female. Such verbal statements don't change biological facts. But state bureaucrats have turned a blind eye to rubber-meets-the-road realities and entered the land of make believe. Regrettably, the price Washington women and girls are already paying for this fantasy is far from imaginary.


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June 20th 2015
"Let's Get Physical, Physical Internet" is an underground experimental performance, in conjunction with the exhibition Wang Wang Wang 网网网 at I: Project Space gallery.
We often forget the physicality of the Internet and our reliance on it's servers around the world. The Internet is as physical as our ability to access it. How have we come to depend on it? How does it comfort us? How does it agitate us? How does location affect our ability access to it? How do we use it to fulfill our material needs? How does it preserve our own physicality?
By plugging in and tuning out, the use of displaced sounds, awkward movements, annoying selfies, questionnaires and found online audio, explores the Internet and all it's obvious and subtle nuisances in relationship to the physicality of it


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Skip to Main Content
Context recognition is an essential aspect of intelligent systems and environments. In most cases, the recognition of a context of interest cannot be achieved in a single step. Between measuring a physical phenomenon and the estimation or recognition of what this phenomenon represents, there are several intermediate stages which require a significant computation. Understanding the resource requirements of these steps is vital to determine the feasibility of context recognition on a given device. In this paper, we propose an adaptive context-recognition architecture that accommodates uncertain knowledge to deal with sensed data. The architecture consists of an adaptation component that monitors the capability and workload of a device and dynamically adapts recognition accuracy and processing time. The architecture is implemented for an audio-based context recognition. A detail account of the tradeoff between recognition time and recognition accuracy is provided.


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Official Portrait of U.S. President Barack Hussein Obama
Hussein/Husayn (5-61 Islamic Calendar/624-680 AD) or better: al-Husayn.
It is a common Arabic name, meaning "good looking boy". Historically, Hussein is the second son of Ali and Fatimah, and grandson of the Prophet Muhammad. He is revered by Shi'ites and Sunni Muslims alike. Both sects see his death at the battle in Kerbala, Iraq in the (10th Muharram 680 AD) as a religious holiday.
Many other famous and infamous people have carried the name Hussein. Some of them include Iraqi dictator Sadam Hussein, platinum rapper Hussein Fatal from Tupac's Outlaw Immortals, King Hussein of Jordan and America's newly elected President, Barack Hussein Obama.
For more information on the name Hussein:
The Concise Encyclopedia of Islam by Cyril Glasse
Each week we will discuss another name, its meaning and the people who share it to spread knowledge of the stories behind Arabic names and, in our own small way, help lessen uninformed prejudice against people with such names.


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Curve Speed Testing
Aim - This page aims to describe how to test the operation of the curve speed limit within Open rails, and the setting of this within realistic bounds.
If you wish to provide any feedback on this page, please use the contact page. It would be great to have some feedback as this helps to ensure the accuracy of the information and models.
The tests described on this page will confirm the correct setting of parameters that are used by Open Rails to determine the safe and most efficient speed that a train can travel around a curve. As described in more detail in the train resistance page, the optimal curve speed is determined by the track superlevation, cant deficiency (unbalanced superelevation), and track gauge.
The permissible speeds that a train can travel around a curve are as follows:
- Equilibrium Speed - maximum speed around a curve which ensures that the load of the wagon is balanced across all the wheels, and that the forces between the wheels and track are equal. Mainly influenced by track superelevation.
- Unbalanced Speed - maximum speed around a curve which allows a certain amount of load unbalance between the wheels and the track. Typically the amount of unbalance is determined by the of the amount of unbalanced superelevation (cant deficiency) is allowable.
- Critical Speed - the speed at which the rolling stock is likely to overturn. Mostly impacted by the Centre of Gravity.
The research information required to set appropriate performance benchmarks for these tests should include:
- Amount of super elevation applied to the curves on railway route that the player is operating on.
- Amount of unbalanced superelevation that is applicable to the rolling stock.
- Track gauge.
- Centre of Gravity.
In these tests, it is also important to use only passenger cars or freight wagons that comply with known prototypical operational and design standards. Incorrectly defined rolling stock can cause inaccurate results compared to the benchmark. The test stock on this page should be a good "known" starting point, though the brake systems on the wagons or the locomotive may need to be adjusted to be compatible.
The calculators at the bottom of this page can be used to calculate the relevant curve speeds that Open Rails calculates, and produces relevant warning messages. The useful references show some documentation from different railways to confirm the value of these speed values.
Establishing Performance Benchmark
The most accurate test outcome for curve speed performance will be achieved if information on the track super elevation for the route is available and the unbalanced super elevation is know for the rolling stock.
Curve Speed Test
For the curve speed test a section of track with a number of different known radius curves along the route is best. For the different curves we need to find the following information for the route being used as a test environment:
- Track gauge.
- Super elevation of various radius curves.
- Unbalanced superelevation (cant deficiency) applicable to the rolling stock being used.
- Rolling stock centre of gravity.
- Any other information that might be relevant.
It should be noted that the location of the above type of information may be found in different railway publications, and in different formats, depending upon the country and company, thus the examples shown on this page are merely a guide to demonstrate the approach that can be used to define the curve speed performance benchmark.
Typical Railway Track Design
In undertaking these tests it is important to understand the typical characteristics, or design principles used by different railway companys for setting curve radius.
Whilst different companies have in the past have adopted different values for the above design parameters, more modern railway designs have become reasonably standard across different companies or country systems. When reviewing different design approaches the following summary may assist the tester:
- Historical (low speed) railways - When railways were first introduced, speed was not an design criteria, and often the track was laid to achieve the cheapest construction costs. This often resulted in the railway track following the gradient of the surrounding land, and as a consequence, early railways could have steep gradients and sharp curves included in their right of way. The minimum curve radius would often determine the maximum speed that the train could travel in a particular section. Some companies adopted the practice of putting speed posts on different radius curves for the guidance of the driver, whilst others, especially on secondary or minor routes, advised driver of the locations of "sharp curves" and expected them to learn the route, and drive to appropriate safe speeds when traversing around a curve. Thus whilst a generic speed limit was imposed on the route, this was not necessarily a universal speed limit that could be adopted throughout the route by the driver.
- Modern (high speed) railways - As time has gone by, railways have been under pressure to increase their speed of operation in order to remain competitive. Most existing railways have had increased superelevation and unbalanced superelevation added to the curves in order to increase the speed that can be traveled, however there is a limit to the quantity that these values can be set to. So modern high speed routes have purpose built to allow a continouous speed of operation along the route, and the minimum curve radius has been set to ensure that this speed can be safely maintained. Thus for modern high speed railways, speed limits are more likely to be set as a route speed limit, or signposted as appropriate.
Open Rails Operation
The curve speed limits and associated warnings will only apply if the relevant option is selected in the Open Rails Option menu. Open Rails provides two warning messages if the relevant speed limits are exceeded:
- Unbalanced Speed - indicates that the train is operating above the optimal curve speed limit.
- Critical Speed - indicates that the train has overturned due to excessive speed.
In addition Open Rails will activate relevant penalties if the relevant speed limits are exceeded:
- Unbalanced Speed - will cause the a brake air hose to break, causing the emergency brakes to be applied. (Normally the brake air hoses will break at the same point as the warning message is applied. The brake air hose breakage can be set to break at higher levels if the "Durability ( 1.00 )" parameter in the consist (CON) file is set at a value higher then 1.0).
- Critical Speed - will cause a coupler to break.
Rolling Stock Definition
Refer to the setting page for more information on defining the basic resistance setup for various rolling stock.
Test Rolling Stock
Curve Speed test
Note: The following tests are done in the "Explore Route" mode of Open Rails.
This test is to see how the train curve speed limits train operation as it travels around various radius curves. A number of different consists have been provided to demonstrate the difference in settings. For our test we will use the "Curve Branch" in the the Coals to Newcastle test Route (v1.8 or greater), and use the standard freight test stock.
Based upon the curves radii included in the test route Open Rails currently defaults to the following superelevation values:
- 250 metre radius - 3"
- 500 metre radius - 4"
- 1000 metre radius - 2"
- 1500 metre radius - 1"
- 2000 metre radius - Calculated based upon route speed, or a default of 1".
Based upon these above values, the curve speed calculators below can be used to determine the speed at which Open Rails will issue one of the above warnings. These values can be compared to prototypical values shown in the useful references section, or alternatively researched from the Internet.
To run the first test select the following options:
- Locomotive: - "AU CTN Test - Atlantic"
- Consist: -"CTN OR Test Consist - Unbalanced Superelevation 0in"
- Starting at: - "Curve Branch Yard"
- Finishing at: - "Station - NE Corner"
In this test the train will traverse a number of different radius curves. Check speed thresholds through the different radius curves with the different unbalance settings.
This test can be repeated with the different consists in the test pack below which model different values of unbalance superelevation (cant deficiency) of 0in, 3in and 6in.
Try adjusting the "Durability" parameter in the CON file as well to note the impact of different values have.


Making Real Options Really Work
Real options method example. Real options valuation
This is the first of two articles which considers how real options can be incorporated into investment appraisal decisions.
A real option is an economically valuable right to make or else abandon some choice that is available to the managers of a company, often concerning business projects or investment opportunities. Real options differ thus from financial options contracts since they involve real i. Key Takeaways A real option gives a firm's management the right, but turbo options rating the obligation to undertake certain business opportunities or investments.
real options method example system of earning on binary options
Real option refer to projects involving tangible assets versus financial instruments. Real options can include the decision to expand, defer or wait, or abandon a project entirely. Real options have economic value, which financial analysts and corporate managers use to inform their decisions.
Using real options value analysis ROVmanagers can estimate the opportunity cost of continuing or abandoning a project and make better decisions accordingly. It is important to note that real options do real options method example refer to a derivative financial instrument, such as call and put options contracts, which give the holder the right to buy or sell an underlying asset, respectively.
 1. Real Option Definition
 2. Investment appraisal and real options | ACCA Qualification | Students | ACCA Global
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Real Options Valuation The precise value of real options can be difficult to establish or estimate. For instance, real option value may be realized from a company undertaking socially responsible projects, such as building a community center. By doing so, the company may realize a benefit that makes it easier to obtain necessary permits or approval for other projects.
Investment appraisal and real options
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The net present value is the cash flow that's expected as a result of the new project, but those flows are discounted by a rate that could otherwise be earned for doing nothing. The alternative rate or discount rate might be the rate of a U.
Treasury bond, for example. Some valuation models use terminology from derivatives markets wherein the strike price corresponds to non-recoverable costs involved with the project. In the derivatives world, the strike would be the price at which the options contract converts into the underlying security that is based on.
Integrating Options and Discounted Cash Flow
Real options must also consider the risk involved, and it too could be assigned a value similar to volatility. Other methods of valuing real options include Monte Carlo simulationswhich use mathematical calculations to assign probabilities to various outcomes given certain variables and risks.
Adjusting for Cost
The real options heuristic is simply the recognition of the value embodied in the flexibility of choosing among alternatives despite the fact that their objective values cannot be mathematically determined with any degree of certainty. Even if a quantitative model is employed to value a real option, the choice of the model itself is based on judgement and often a trial-and-error approach since the choices available can vary across firms and project managers.
Having options affords the freedom to make optimal choices in decisions, such as when and where to make a specific capital expenditure. Various management choices to make investments can give companies real options to take additional actions in the future, based on existing market conditions. In short, real options are about companies making decisions and choices that grant them the greatest amount of flexibility and potential benefit regarding possible future decisions or choices.
Choices that Fall Under Real Options The choices that corporate managers face that typically fall under real options analysis are under three categories of real options method example management.
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The first group are options relating to the size of a project. Depending on the ROV analysis, options may exist to expand, contract, or expand and contract the project over time, given various contingencies. Real options are most appropriate when the economic environment and market conditions relating to a particular project are both highly volatile yet flexible.
 - Real options valuation - Wikipedia
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Real Option
The investment or capital outlay would need to be calculated, including the cost of the physical buildings, land, staff, and equipment. However, McDonald's executives would need to decide if the revenue earned from the new restaurants will be enough to counter any potential country and political risk, which is difficult to value.
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The same scenario could also produce a real option to wait or defer opening any restaurants until a particular political situation resolves itself. Perhaps there's an upcoming election, and real options method example result could impact the stability of the country or the regulatory environment. Compare Accounts.


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We thoroughly test our solar films so that they meet the highest demands. See for yourself!
To test the resistance of the solar films under extreme climatic conditions, all products are subjected to the DHT at 85 °C and 85 % relative humidity (IEC 61215, procedure 10.13). The even more intensive 48-hour pressure cooker test is also implemented at 121°C, 1.21 bar and 100 % air humidity.
In the weathering test, all frontsheets and backsheets are exposed to artificial weathering with radiation (xenon light) in accordance with ISO 4892-2. All samples are subjected to colour and gloss measurement as well as an adhesion test.
The mechanical stress on frontsheets and backsheets is extremely high both in the production of solar modules and in operation under a wide variety of climatic conditions. The tensile and tear strength as well as elongation at break and adhesion to the embedding material must be reliably ensured. To ensure that our films meet all requirements and guarantee a long service life they are tested before and after accelerated ageing.
Shrinkage is determined after 30 minutes and 150 °C in longitudinal direction and transverse direction. If the required values are achieved, the stresses in the material are guaranteed to be minimal.
Our solar films demonstrate very good adhesion to junction box adhesives and various embedding materials. The outstanding adhesion values are determined in the T-peel test. Even after 1,000 hours in the DHT the values are still very high.
The scratch and abrasion resistance of our films is correspondingly reliable. Any damage from outside (during service life or installation) is significantly reduced.
Frontsheets and backsheets are exposed to chemical aggressors (e.g. during cleaning of the surfaces). That is why we test our frontsheets and backsheets for the impact of various chemicals such as isopropanol, MEK, acetone or for the effects of an ammonia-rich environment such as in agriculture or sewage treatment plants.


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Picture locket necklaces have been around for centuries, holding a special place in people's hearts and memories. These beautiful pieces of jewellery have the power to keep our cherished memories close to our hearts. They have become a symbol of love and sentimentality. From vintage to modern styles, picture locket necklaces come in various materials, designs, and shapes to suit everyone's taste and personality.
A Brief History of Picture Locket Necklaces
Picture lockets have a rich history dating back to the 16th century when they were first introduced as small, oval or round pendants that could hold miniature paintings or photographs. Over time, picture lockets have evolved and symbolised different things, such as love, friendship, and remembrance. Royalty, celebrities, and ordinary people alike have worn them. They have become timeless pieces of jewellery that transcend generations.
Materials and Designs
Regarding design, picture locket necklaces come in various styles, from vintage and antique to modern and personalised. Vintage lockets often feature intricate engravings, while modern lockets offer a sleek and minimalist look. Personalised picture lockets are popular for those who want to add a special touch to their locket, with options to engrave names, dates, or special messages.
Choosing the Perfect Picture Locket Necklace
When choosing a locket necklace with picture, it's important to consider a few key factors:
Think about the occasion or purpose of the locket. Are you looking for a sentimental piece to wear every day or a special gift for someone close to you?
Consider the material and design that best suit your style.
Choose a picture or photos that hold special meaning to you and that you want to keep close to your heart.
Caring for Your Picture Locket Necklace
To keep your picture locket necklace looking its best, it's important to care for it properly. Clean your locket regularly using a soft cloth, and store it safely when not in use. Avoid exposing your locket to harsh chemicals. Always remove it before participating in activities that could cause damage, such as swimming or exercising.
Creative Ways to Wear and Display Your Picture Locket Necklace
Picture locket necklaces can be worn and displayed in various creative ways, allowing you to showcase your memories and personality. For a classic look, wear your locket or layered with other necklaces. If you have multiple lockets, create a stunning display by hanging them on a jewellery stand or attaching them to a charm bracelet. You can also get creative by displaying your lockets in unique ways, such as incorporating them into a shadow box or on a picture wall.
Whether you wear your locket every day or only on special occasions, it's sure to bring a smile to your face every time you catch a glimpse of it. So why not add a touch of charm and sentimentality to your jewellery collection today? With so many options, you're sure to find the perfect picture locket necklace that will hold a special place in your heart for years to come.


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Located just north of the present City Hall, the
natural spring-fed Collect Pond was the main source of fresh water
for New York City until the Croton Aqueduct system was opened.
The African American burial ground was adjacent
to Collect Pond, along with the city armory and a tannery. Gunpowder,
animal slaughter, and burial sites must not have made for a pleasant
A canal was built to drain the now fetid pond,
and that canal later was paved over to form Canal Street. On early
maps of the city, such as the Montresor map of 1767, one can see
the low marshy ground, which demanded drainage.
John Fitch is said to have tested his steam
engine in Collect Pond in 1793, and there are numerous commemorative
maps attesting to his experiments, which predated the work of Robert


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[mi-stoo k] /mɪˈstʊk/
simple past tense of.
an error in action, calculation, opinion, or judgment caused by poor reasoning, carelessness, insufficient knowledge, etc.
a misunderstanding or misconception.
verb (used with object), mistook, mistaken, mistaking.
to regard or identify wrongly as something or someone else:
I mistook him for the mayor.
to understand, interpret, or evaluate wrongly; misunderstand; misinterpret.
verb (used without object), mistook, mistaken, mistaking.
to be in error.
and no mistake, for certain; surely:
He's an honorable person, and no mistake.
the past tense of mistake
an error or blunder in action, opinion, or judgment
a misconception or misunderstanding
verb -takes, -taking, -took, -taken
(transitive) to misunderstand; misinterpret: she mistook his meaning
(transitive) foll by for. to take (for), interpret (as), or confuse (with): she mistook his direct manner for honesty
(transitive) to choose badly or incorrectly: he mistook his path
(intransitive) to make a mistake in action, opinion, judgment, etc
early 14c., "to commit an offense;" late 14c., "to misunderstand, misinterpret," from a Scandinavian source (cf. Old Norse mistaka "take in error, miscarry"), from mis- "wrongly" (see mis- (1)) + taka "take" (see take (v.)). Related: Mistook; mistaking.
1630s, from mistake (v.). Meaning "unintended pregnancy" is from 1957.
In addition to the idiom beginning with
1. mistranslation 2. mistranslating
[trak-ing] /ˈtræk ɪŋ/ noun 1.. /ˈtrækɪŋ/ noun 1. the act or process of following something or someone 2. (electrical engineering) a leakage of electric current between two points separated by an insulating material caused by dirt, carbon particles, moisture, etc 3. the way wheels on a vehicle are aligned 4. a function of a […]
[mis-truh l, mi-strahl] /ˈmɪs trəl, mɪˈstrɑl/ noun 1. a cold, dry, northerly wind common in southern France and neighboring regions. [mee-stral for 1; mees-trahl for 2] /miˈstral for 1; misˈtrɑl for 2/ noun 1. Frédéric [frey-dey-reek] /freɪ deɪˈrik/ (Show IPA), 1830–1914, French Provençal poet: Nobel prize 1904. 2. Gabriela [gah-vree-e-lah] /ˌgɑ vriˈɛ lɑ/ (Show IPA), […]
[tran-skrahyb] /trænˈskraɪb/ verb (used with object), transcribed, transcribing. 1. to make a written copy, especially a typewritten copy, of (dictated material, notes taken during a lecture, or other spoken material). 2. to make an exact copy of (a document, text, etc.). 3. to write out in another language or alphabet; translate or transliterate: to transcribe […]


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[en] In this paper, we explore the behavior of optical polarization during the multi-wavelength outburst of the blazar Mrk 421 detected in February 2010. We use optical polarization measurements in the wavelength range 500–700 nm from SPOL observations available between January 1, 2010 and March 31, 2010 (MJD 55197-55286) including the period of multi-wavelength flaring activity detected from the source around February 16–17, 2010 (MJD 55243-55244). We also use near simultaneous optical and radio flux measurements from SPOL in V and R bands and OVRO at 15 GHz respectively. We find that the emissions in the optical and radio bands do not show any significant change in the source activity unlike at X-ray and -ray energies during the outburst. The optical and radio flux measurements are found to be consistent with the long term quiescent state emission of the source. Moreover, the linear polarization in the wavelength range 500–700 nm decreases to a minimum value of 1.6 during the X-ray and -ray outburst which is significantly lower than the long term average value of . The angle of polarization varies between with a preferred average value of during this period. We estimate the degree of polarization intrinsic to the jet taking into account the host galaxy contamination in R band and compare this with the theoretical synchrotron polarization estimated for a power law distribution of relativistic electrons gyrating in an emission region filled with ordered and chaotic magnetic fields. The intrinsic linear polarization estimated for different epochs during the above period is found to be consistent with the theoretical synchrotron polarization produced by the relativistic electrons with power law spectral index . We find that the behavior of optical polarization possibly supports the two emission zone hypothesis for blazars in which X-ray and -rays are produced in one region whereas the optical emission takes place from another region permeated with ordered and chaotic magnetic fields. The decrease in linear polarization during the X-ray and -ray outburst can be attributed to the sudden dominance of chaotic magnetic field over the ordered field in the optical emission region in the relativistic jet of the blazar Mrk 421.


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Have you ever heard of Egypt's largest natural woodland? It's Elba Protectorate. This is the largest natural protected area in Egypt, out of her officially declared 29 protectorates so far; it encompasses an area of 35,600 km2 (3,560,000 hectares) at the farthest south east of Egypt.
Elba Protectorate is considered by taxonomists, botanists and ecologists to be the northernmost Afrotropical ecozone on Planet Earth, being located between the latitudes 23.3°N and 22°N in the north hemisphere.
The region was officially declared a national park by the Egyptian government in 1985, and since then it has been managed by the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) and is administratively part of Abu Ramad City at the southernmost east of Egypt.
The most famous Gebel Elba, although not being the highest mountain in the protectorate -just 1,437 m-, yet the entire natural reserve is named after it.
Other high peaks in the region include the 1,911 m- Shendib Mountain, Shendodai Mountain (1,526 m) and Shellal Mountain of 1,409 meters above sea level.
The entire natural protectorate also records the highest rainfalls precipitation in Egypt, even more than the Egyptian western Mediterranean coast. That's because the Red Sea is just 15 km away from the core of the mountain ranges complex and because of the east-twisted shoreline, giving more plain space for the moist air to be pushed upwards by winds to the tops of the mountains.
In addition to the cluster of coastal mountains, the protectorate is an extensive and complex natural reserve comprising a number of ecosystems; for instance: the mangroves of the Red Sea, the 22 islands, coral reefs, coastal sand dunes, coastal salt marshes and coastal arid plains.
Elba P. Biodiversity Richness
|Elba's Panthera pardus specie is one of two Leopard populations in Egypt. The other subspecies is Panthera pardus jarvisi of Sinai Peninsula.|
With some 458 plant species, which account for almost between 14% - 25% of all plant species recorded for Egypt and a diverse fauna, zoologists and ornithologists consider Elba Mountain specifically as a biodiversity hotspot, with a biological diversity unparalleled in all Egypt's other North African, Mediterranean, Turani/Asian, European, and arid terrestrial environments and ecosystems.
Elba Protectorate has a green cover of Acacias, Delonix, Balanites aegyptiaca and other scrubs. There is at least one endemic species of "Biscutella elbensis" plant. Dracaena ombet and Moringa are from the plants which grow there at high elevations there.
In this beautiful natural reserve you could see ferns, mosses, Acacia tortilis, Delonix elata, Aerva persica, Euphorbia cuneata and several medically-useful herbs. Mangroves, Avicennia marina, Rhizophora mucronata and Salt-marsh vegetations stretch along the long coasts.
Beside flora, Elba Protectorate is home for 30 species of reptiles, one for amphibians and 23 mammal species such as: Vulpes rueppelli, rare Panthera pardus, Gazella dorcas, Capra nubiana and Ammotragus lervia, in addition to 173 avian species, 31 of which are found in Wadi Aideib (Aideib Valley).
Birds found there include Ostriches "Struthio camelus", Lappet-face Vultures "Torgos tracheliotus", Terathopius ecaudatus, Oena capensis, Caprimulgus nubicus, Eremopterix nigriceps, Nectarinia habessinica, Sylvia leucomelaena, Rhodophoneus cruentus, Lonchura cantans, Passer luteus, Gypaetus barbatus, Neophron percnopterus, Aquila verreauxii and Hieraaetus fasciatus.
The region's off-shore islands are important habitats for sea birds and turtles like: Hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata, green Chelonia mydas, olive ridely Lepidochelys olivacea, loggerhead Caretta caretta, and leathery turtle Dermochelys coriacea. The marine ecosystem in Elba Protectorate is a well-known habitat for 2,441 marine invertebrates, as well as 123 types of corals reefs.
History & Nearby Settlements
|Aqua Temple of Abu Sa'fa Valley in Abraq.|
Elba Protectorate is close to the villages of Ras Hadarba and Adledib, in addition to Halayeb and Abraq towns, Abu Ramad City, the current capital of the region Shalatin city and the major historic city of Berenice.
The region, which was always used by the ancient Egyptians as a wealthy province of gold mining and extracting precious minerals, was part of Egypt since the old kingdom and the 1st Egyptian dynasty at least.
Starting from the 18th Egyptian dynasty, the ancient Egyptian imperial army used the local indigenous Beja tribes as mercenaries and guards for Egypt's south borders which stretched during the imperial age from Taurus Mountains, Mersin Turkish province and the Greek Aegean Islands like Rhodes in the north, to Djibouti in the south and from the Libyan Gulf of Sidra in the west to western Iraq in the east.
This is majorly evidenced in the continental mountainous town of Abraq which has a rich history of pre-historic paintings and pre-dynastic artifacts made by Proto-Egyptians. Dynastic Pharaohnic monuments decorated with ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics have been excavated in Abu Sa'fa Valley inside Abraq. Additionally, several ruins of Roman fortresses and castles could be visited atop Mount Abraq and Mount 'arqa.
Economic Advantages & Natural Resources
|Numerous species of Elba Protectorate's flora and herbs are of notable medical values. Some of the plants and trees there are good sources of biofuels and clean coal, while others could be useful for timber.|
Numerous species of Elba Protectorate's flora and herbs are of notable medical values. Some of the plants and trees there are good sources of biofuels and clean coal, while others could be useful for timber. Furthermore, some species are used for extracting their oil, as well as for human diet.
Good and wise usage of such herbs and medicinal flora could minimize Egypt's imports of chemical and natural ingredients which come from India and South Asia for medicine manufacturing.
Taking this into consideration, Egypt could become a notable phytotherapy hub between three continents and a major centre for studies of the use of extracts from natural origin like health-promoting agents.
The region is well-known since the ancient Egyptian times for its gold mines and gemstones in addition to other metals. In the modern age, geologists discovered precipitates of uranium and little reserves of the rare precious metal "Platinum". In addition to that, refining companies have discovered that the region is also rich in natural gas and a number of oil fields.
All this wealth and natural resources make the region an Egyptian powerhouse and a fossil fuel stronghold for Egypt which seeks development and improvement in the light of the 25th of January revolution.
- BirdLife International. Important Bird Areas factsheet: Gebel Elba. February 14, 2012.
- Baha el Din (1997), Boulos (1995), Goodman (1985a), Goodman and Meininger (1989), Kassas and Zahran (1971), Osborne and Helmy (1980).
- Mark Hunter. The Great and Lesser Wild Cats of Egypt. Touregypt.net. June 12th, 2011.
- Hoath, Richard. Field Guide to the Mammals of Egypt, A. American University in Cairo Press. The ISBN 977 424 809 0. 2003.
- Hoath, Richard. Natural Selections (A Year of Egypt's Wildlife). American University in Cairo Press. The ISBN 977-424-281-5. 1992.
Related Links:Difficult Choice: Oil Profits or Rich Biodiversity
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ConnectionManagementElement.MaxConnection Property
Gets or sets the maximum number of connections that can be made to a remote computer.
Namespace: System.Net.Configuration
Assembly: System (in System.dll)
[ConfigurationPropertyAttribute("maxconnection", IsRequired = true,
 DefaultValue = 1)]
public int MaxConnection { get; set; }
Property Value
Type: System.Int32
An integer that specifies the maximum number of connections.
This property specifies how many simultaneous connections are allowed between the local computer and the remote computer. The remote computer is specified using the Address property.
The MaxConnection property is per WebRequest.ConnectionGroupName. If an application is not changing WebRequest.ConnectionGroupName from the default, then the MaxConnection property applies to the entire application domain. If only a single application domain is running in your application, then the MaxConnection property setting is application-wide.
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Definition of Homozygote
Homozygote: A person who has two identical forms of a particular gene, one inherited from each parent.
For example, a girl who is a homozygote for cystic fibrosis (CF) received the cystic fibrosis gene from both of her parents and therefore has cystic fibrosis.
The opposite of a homozygote is a heterozygote, a person who has two different forms of a particular gene. For example, the father and mother of a cystic fibrosis child are heterozygotes for cystic fibrosis (CF). Each carries one normal gene and one cystic fibrosis gene but has no signs or symptoms of the disease.Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionary
Last Editorial Review: 9/20/2012
Find out what women really need.


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Wind farm developers make turbines look smaller than they actually are when applying for planning permission in order to "trick" councils into giving them the go-ahead, a leading architect has warned.
Alan MacDonald, an architect based in Inverness, says that computer-generated images of turbines in planning applications are often little more than "artifice".
Small changes in the size of the photo, the angle at which it is taken, the zoom on the camera and how it is presented can all make turbines look smaller, he said.
His concerns have been accepted by Scottish National Heritage, which issues planning guidance on "wind farm visualisation" across the whole of the UK.
Brendan Turvey, policy and advice manager for renewables at SNH, said developers have "definitely" made turbines look smaller than they are.
He said one of the biggest problem is pictures of the landscape being taken at a distance and then shrunk to fit into a report so that the turbines also appear to be smaller.
SNH is currently consulting on new guidance that will ask wind farm developers to use a 75mm focal length and present the photograph on a much larger piece of paper.
Mr MacDonald said developers commonly use a wide-angle lens and zoom out because this gives a wider context of the landscape.
However the wider the angle and the further away the zoom, the smaller the objects in the picture will look.
In the most extreme cases a turbine can be made to look four times smaller than the reality, according to Mr MacDonald.
Expert analysis shows that a much more accurate picture of what people living by the wind turbine will see is using a single frame and 75mm focal length.
Mr MacDonald, a member of the Royal Institute of British Architects, said developers are misleading people by presenting photographs that do not accurately represent what the wind farm will look like.
"Local people are being misled about the potential visual impact of such large structures," he said.
At the moment there are just over 3,000 wind turbines onshore and more than 500 offshore in the UK but the number on land could more than double while turbines offshore will increase by ten times in the next decade.
As well as the 3,358 onshore turbines already built around Britain, there are more than 3,000 consented and more than 2,000 in planning.
Many are stuck in planning because the protests of local people who believe the turbines will ruin the landscape.
The National Trust is fighting at least half a dozen applications for wind farms at the moment because of the feared impact on the countryside.
The University of Stirling also found photographs submitted as part of the planning process can be misleading.
The report said that the industry standard of using a 50mm lens does not represent the landscape accurately enough in a printed picture.
Renewable UK, that represents the wind industry, said developers are working closely with SNH and others to ensure wind farm visualisation is correct.


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F. W. Olin Distinguished Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering Emerita, founding Vice President for Innovation and Research
- Ph.D., Physics, University of North Carolina
- B.A., Physics, Mount Holyoke College
- Bernard M. Gordon Prize
- Microelectronic Circuits
- Electrical Systems
- Design, fabrication and efficiency of an all-silicon optical interconnect technology
Dr. Sherra E. Kerns joined Olin College as Founding Vice President for Innovation and Research on September 1, 1999 and focused on intellectual vitality, assessment, and building a culture rewarding innovation. On September 1, 2007, she became a F.W. Olin Distinguished Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the College. "Doc" was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 1999. She is recipient of the IEEE's prestigious Millennium Medal, and has several awards for outstanding undergraduate teaching. She has been active internationally in engineering education, serving as President of the National Electrical Engineering Department Heads Association (now ECEDHA) and President of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE). She was named Fellow of the ASEE for her contributions to progressive leadership in engineering education. Dr. Kerns also served as a member of the advisory committee of the National Academy of Engineering's Center for the Advancement of Scholarship on Engineering Education and on its study committee for the Engineer of 2020 report. She has also served on the ABET Board of Directors and on the Dartmouth College Thayer School Board of Overseers. Dr. Kerns came to Olin from Vanderbilt University, where she was the Chair of its flagship Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Director of the multi-disciplinary, multi-institutional University Consortium for Research on Electronics in Space. Dr. Kerns' present research involves developing resources to detect transport of nuclear materials utilizing innovative microelectronic sensors. Kerns received her A.B. from Mount Holyoke College, M.A. from the University of Wisconsin, and Ph.D. from the University of North Carolina, all in physics. Her philanthropy is directed toward furthering opportunities for students during their college years. She also won the prestigious Harriet B. Rigas Outstanding Woman Engineering Educator Award.


NTIA drafts app code of conduct, aims to give users more data collection transparency
The White House's main telecom adviser, the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), has issued a first draft of a mobile apps code of contact, with the goal of giving consumers more control of their privacy. It facilitated its creation over several years by stakeholders like privacy advocates, app developers and gatekeepers like Apple, Google and Blackberry. If adopted, publishers will be required to provide "short form notices" telling consumers whether or not their data is being collected and how it's being used. Such data would include biometrics, browser history, phone or SMS logs, contact info, financial data, health, medical or therapy info, user files and location data.
The document was backed by the American Civil Liberties Union, though it wasn't crazy about the amount of time the process took, saying that "comprehensive privacy legislation" was also needed. It's worth noting that major app store operators already agreed recently to put new privacy policy standards in place that conform with California's Online Privacy Protection Act. There's also the irony of the US government pushing for more consumer privacy, while perhaps being the largest abuser via PRISM. Dig into the source for the full read.


Nick Harold Klausner
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This paper addresses the problem of testing for the independence among multiple ( ≥ 2) random vectors. The generalized likelihood ratio test tests the null hypothesis that the composite covariance matrix of the channels is block-diagonal, using a generalized Hadamard ratio. Using the theory of Gram determinants, we show that this Hadamard ratio is(More)
—The use of multiple disparate sonars allows one to exploit a high resolution sonar with good target definition while taking advantage of the clutter suppressing abilities of a low resolution broadband sonar co-registered over the same region to provide potentially much better detection and classification performance comparing to those of the single sonar(More)
This paper considers the problem of testing for the independence among multiple (≥ 2) random vectors with each random vector representing a time series captured at one sensor. Implementing the Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test involves testing the null hypothesis that the composite covariance matrix of the channels is block-diagonal through the use(More)
—This paper introduces a new target detection method for multiple disparate sonar platforms. The detection method is based upon multi-channel coherence analysis (MCA) framework which allows one to optimally decompose the multi-channel data to analyze their linear dependence or coherence. This decomposition then allows one to extract MCA features which can(More)
This paper presents a coherence-based detection method for multiple disparate sensing systems using the multi-channel coherence analysis (MCA) framework. MCA provides an optimal coordinate system for multi-channel detection problems as it finds sets of one-dimensional mapping vectors that maximize the sum of the cross-correlations among all pair-wise(More)
—The use of multiple disparate platforms in many remote sensing and surveillance applications allows one to exploit the coherent information shared among all sensory systems thereby potentially reducing the risk of making single-sensory biased detection and classification decisions. This paper introduces a target detection method based upon multi-channel(More)
K-SVD method has recently been introduced to learn a specific dictionary matrix that best fits a set of training data vectors. K-SVD is flexible in that any preferred pursuit method of sparse coding can be used to represent the data. In this paper, we show how K-SVD method can be used in conjunction with a fast orthogonal matching pursuit implemented using(More)
This letter considers the problem of threshold selection for a correlation test among multiple (≥2) random vectors. The generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) for this problem uses a generalized Hadamard ratio to test for block diagonality in a composite covariance matrix. As the number of realizations used to estimate the composite covariance(More)
—This paper uses the canonical correlation decomposition (CCD) framework to investigate the spatial correlation of sources captured using two spatially separated sensor arrays. The relationship between the canonical correlations of the observed signals and the spatial correlation coefficients of the source signals are first derived, including an analysis of(More)
This paper investigates the effects of incrementally adding new data to the classical Gauss-Gauss detector for testing between the known covariance matrices in competing multivariate models. We show that updating the likelihood ratio and J-divergence as a result of general data augmentation inherently involves linearly estimating the new data from the old.(More)


Dilithium
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Dilithium
Wireframe model of dilithium
Spacefill model of dilithium
Identifiers
CAS number 14452-59-6 N
PubChem 139759
ChemSpider 123254 YesY
Jmol-3D images Image 1
Properties
Molecular formula Li2
Molar mass 13.88 g mol−1
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
 N (verify) (what is: YesY/N?)
Infobox references
Dilithium, Li2, is a strongly electrophilic, diatomic molecule comprising two lithium atoms covalently bonded together. Li2 is known in the gas phase. It has a bond order of 1, an internuclear separation of 267.3 pm and a bond energy of 101 kJ mol−1.[1] The electron configuration of Li2 may be written as σ2.
It has been observed that 1% (by mass) of lithium in the vapor phase is in the form of dilithium.[citation needed][clarification needed] Molecules containing more than two lithium atoms covalently bonded together do exist, albeit in smaller quantities than dilithium. Clusters of lithium atoms also exist; the most common arrangement is Li6.[citation needed]
Being the lightest stable neutral homonuclear diatomic molecule after H2, dilithium is an extremely important model system for studying fundamentals of physics, chemistry, and electronic structure theory. It is the most thoroughly characterized compound in terms of the accuracy and completeness of the empirical potential energy curves of its electronic states. Analytic empirical potential energy curves have been constructed for the X-state,[2] a-state,[3] A-state,[4] c-state,[5] B-state,[6] 2d-state,[7] and l-state,[7] E-state,[8] and the F-state[9] mainly by professors Robert J. Le Roy[2][3][6] of University of Waterloo and Nikesh S. Dattani[2][3][4][5] of University of Oxford. The most reliable of these potential energy curves are of the Morse/Long-range variety.
Li2 potentials are often used to extract atomic properties. For example, the C3 value for atomic lithium extracted from the A-state potential of Li2 by Le Roy et al. in [2] is more precise than any previously measured atomic oscillator strength.[10] This lithium oscillator strength is related to the radiative lifetime of atomic lithium and is used as a benchmark for atomic clocks and measurements of fundamental constants.
Electronic State Spectroscopic Symbol Molecular term symbol Bond length in pm Dissociation energy in cm−1 # of bound vibrational levels Scattering length in Angstroms References
Ground X 11Σg+ 267.298 74(19)[2] 8 516.780 0(23)[2] 39[2] [2]
2 a 13Σu+ 417.000 6(32)[3] 333.779 5(62)[3] 11[3] [3]
3 b 13Πu [7]
4 A 11Σg+ 310.792 88(36)[2] 9 353.179 5 (28)[2] 118[2] [2]
5 c 13Σg+ 306.543 6(16)[3] 7093.4926(86)[3] 104[3]
6 B 11Πu 293.617 142(310)[6] 298 4.444[6] 118[6]
7 E 3(?)1Σg+ [8]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
 1. ^ Chemical Bonding, Mark J. Winter, Oxford University Press, 1994, ISBN 0-19-855694-2
 2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Le Roy, Robert J.; N. S. Dattani; J. A. Coxon; A. J. Ross; Patrick Crozet; C. Linton (25 November 2009). "Accurate analytic potentials for Li2(X) and Li2(A) from 2 to 90 Angstroms, and the radiative lifetime of Li(2p)". Journal of Chemical Physics 131 (20): 204309. Bibcode:2009JChPh.131t4309L. doi:10.1063/_PHONE_.
 3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Dattani, N. S.; R. J. Le Roy (8 May 2013). "A DPF data analysis yields accurate analytic potentials for Li2(a) and Li2(c) that incorporate 3-state mixing near the c-state asymptote". Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy (Special Issue) 268: 199–210. Bibcode:2011JMoSp.268..199. doi:10.1016/j.jms.2011.03.030.
 4. ^ a b W. Gunton, M. Semczuk, N. S. Dattani, K. W. Madison, High resolution photoassociation spectroscopy of the 6Li2 A-state, _URL_
 5. ^ a b Semczuk, M.; Li, X.; Gunton, W.; Haw, M.; Dattani, N. S.; Witz, J.; Mills, A. K.; Jones, D. J.; Madison, K. W. (2013). "High-resolution photoassociation spectroscopy of the 6Li2 c-state". Phys. Rev. A 87 (5): 052505. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.87.052505.
 6. ^ a b c d e Huang, Yiye; R. J. Le Roy (8 October 2003). "Potential energy Lambda double and Born-Oppenheimer breakdown functions for the B1Piu "barrier" state of Li2". Journal of Chemical Physics 119 (14): 7398–7416. Bibcode:2003JChPh.119.7398H. doi:10.1063/_PHONE_.
 7. ^ a b c Li, Dan; F. Xie; L. Li; A. Lazoudis; A. M. Lyyra (29 September 2007). "New observation of the, 13Δg, and 23Πg states and molecular constants with all 6Li2, 7Li2, and 6Li7Li data". Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy 246 (2): 180–186. Bibcode:2007JMoSp.246..180L. doi:10.1016/j.jms.2007.09.008.
 8. ^ a b Jastrzebski, W; A. Pashov; P. Kowalczyk (22 June 2001). "The E-state of lithium dimer revised". Journal of Chemical Physics 114 (24): 10725–10727. Bibcode:2001JChPh.11410725J. doi:10.1063/_PHONE_.
 9. ^ Pashov, A; W. Jastzebski; P. Kowalczyk (22 October 2000). "The Li2 F "shelf" state: Accurate potential energy curve based on the inverted perturbation approach". Journal of Chemical Physics 113 (16): 6624–6628. Bibcode:2000JChPh.113.6624P. doi:10.1063/_PHONE_.
 10. ^ Tang, Li-Yan; Z-C. Yan, T-Y Shi, J. Mitroy (30 November 2011). "Third-order perturbation theory for van der Waals interaction coefficients". Physical Review A 84 (5): 052502. Bibcode:2011PhRvA..84e2502T. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.84.052502.
Further reading[edit]


text:
A Guarantee is the minimum Royalty Payment that a Licensee is contractually obligated to pay a Licensor over the term of the agreement. Guarantees may be paid one time, quarterly, semi-annually or annually (custom payment schedules can be created), are nonrefundable and can be credited against future Earned Royalties in the form of an Advance.
RoyaltyZone provides an easy way to enter, monitor, and enforce advances and guarantees. In this tutorial, we will show you how to enter a minimum Guarantee (or Advance), effective over the agreement lifetime, with multiple payment milestones.
1. Click "New Guarantee" on "Step 8 – Advances / Guarantees" of the new agreement entry process
2. Enter a name for the term (Examples = Minimum Guarantee, Advance, etc.)
3. Use the default settings Start Date and End Date (defaults to the agreement start/end date)
4. Use the default setting to allow the licensee to recoup guarantee payments against earned royalties, then click "Create"
5. In this example, we'll create a $50,000 guarantee with a $10,000 advance and two annual payments of $20,000 each. We'll enter each payment milestone individually. For the first payment, select the payment due date (use the agreement start date if due on signature)
6. Enter the full amount of initial payment – in this case, $10,000
7. Enter descriptive text to help explain the payment to the licensee. The description will appear on the invoice.
8. Click "Create" to save the payment milestone
9. Next, we'll enter the $20,000 payment for year 2, due on 10/01/12
10. Enter the last payment of $20,000, due on 10/01/13
11. Make sure the Due Date, Amount, and Description are correct. Use the "Delete" action to remove any incorrect milestones, then add a new (corrected) milestone to replace it. The "Total Guarantee" should match the total guarantee for the term you are entering in the license agreement.
12. When done entering payment milestones, click "Next" to continue
13. Associate the appropriate rights, then click "Save" (Associations are used to determine when a particular term is applied to a sales transaction)
14. Success! Use the Actions icons to edit, delete, or clone the Advance
1. Triangle: show/hide the rights associated to the term
2. Pencil/Edit: change the name, dates, or recoupabilty
3. Lego/Edit: change the associations
4. Calendar/Edit: edit, add, or remove payment milestones
5. Delete: remove the term
6. Clone: make a carbon copy of the term for easy entry of multiple terms


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Find out about the winner of the BBC's Amateur Scientist Award 2012 - Val Watham.
A 3-D Digital Map of the World
Artist's impression of the formation flight of TerraSAR-X / TanDEM-X
Copyright: © Astrium
A pair of German satellites flying in formation has completed the most detailed 3-D map of the land surface of the Earth ever made. Luis Gomes of Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd and Prof Philippa Berry of De Montfort University in Leicester discuss the satellite radar technology used to create such maps and their applications, particularly for predicting the consequences of floods and other natural disasters.
The Lost Fossils of Darwin's Friends
Thin sections of plant fossils from the newly rediscovered collection including the 300 million-year-old cones of giant club moss trees from the Midlands and a sample of fossil wood collected in Chile by Darwin during the voyage of the Beagle. Photos: British Geological Survey.
While searching through the vaults of the British Geological Survey, palaeontologist Howard Falcon Lang of Royal Holloway University of London came across a cabinet labelled unclassified plant fossils. It contained microscope thin sections and almost the first he looked at had a name on it: Mr C Darwin. It turns out to be a collection of fossils brought together by Darwin's friend Joseph Hooker in the mid 19th century and subsequently forgotten.
Weekly science conversation, on everything from archaeology to zoology, from abacus to the...


text:
A successor to the IXV reentry demonstrator, Space Rider aims to be Europe's next-generation reusable transportation system for low Earth orbit.
Thales Alenia Space (Thales 67%, Leonardo 33%) and European Launch Vehicle (ELV) have signed a contract with the European Space Agency (ESA) for the engineering and preliminary development of the automated reusable Space Rider transportation system.
Space Rider is designed for deployment into low Earth orbit (LEO) by the upgraded Vega C light launcher, which is scheduled to make its first flight in 2019. It is being hailed by Thales Alenia Space as a major step forward in the reentry vehicle roadmap.
ELV is a joint venture between Italy's space propulstion specialist Avio SpA (70%) and the Italian Space Agency ASI (30%).
The goal of Space Rider is to provide Europe with an affordable, independent, reusable end-to-end integrated space transportation system for unmanned missions and for routine access and return from low orbit. It will be used to transport a variety of payloads into different LEO altitudes and inclinations.
Featuring a lifting body configuration, Space Rider is designed as a free-flying orbital platform, capable of remaining two months in orbit, safely reentering the atmosphere and landing. It can be recovered along with its payload, refurbished, and reused for up to six missions.
It combines the characteristics of a space system designed for scientific experiments in low Earth orbit with those needed for guidance outside the atmosphere and automated landing, including microgravity experiments, in-orbit validations, testing of science and exploration technologies, etc., plus payload recovery on the ground for examination and retesting.
Space Rider follows ESA's Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle (IXV), which successfully completed a suborbital test flight in February 2015, including atmospheric reentry and sea landing.
Leading a consortium of European manufacturers, research centres and universities, Thales Alenia Space is responsible for the development of the reentry module (RM), derived from the IXV. ELV is in charge of the development of the service module, derived from the Vega C upper stage, AVUM (Attitude and Vernier Upper Module).