Documentation forPapertrail
Unix and BSD text log files (remote_syslog2)
Configure centralized logging from text log files in Unix with remote_syslog2. Use remote_syslog2 to aggregate logs from any text file, like app log files, in Unix and BSD.
Why remote_syslog2
To send log files to Papertrail from applications and daemons that don't support syslog, run Papertrail's tiny standalone remote_syslog2 daemon. It tracks one or more log files and sends new entries to Papertrail in realtime.
remote_syslog2 works for any text log files, has no impact to or reliance on the system syslog daemon or its logging configuration, is easy to set up, and forwards logs directly to Papertrail. No adjustments to syslog.conf, rsyslog.conf, or syslog-ng.conf are required.
Some applications that typically log to text files, such as MySQL, Apache, and Tomcat (log4j), have internal support for logging directly to syslog. For apps like these, either their internal syslog or remote_syslog2 can be used to send logs to Papertrail.
Setup
Automated (Configuration Management)
remote_syslog2 can be deployed and configured with configuration management tools. Papertrail provides official support for Chef, Puppet, and Salt:
These configuration management modules only configure and deploy remote_syslog2. To configure and manage the system's syslog daemon configuration, see Configuring remote syslog from Unix/Linux and BSD/macOS.
Manual
Install remote_syslog2
Download the current release. To extract it and copy the binary into a system path, run:
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$ tar xzf ./remote_syslog*.tar.gz
$ cd remote_syslog
$ sudo cp ./remote_syslog /usr/local/bin
RPM and Debian packages are also available.
Configure
Paths to log file(s) can be specified on the command-line, or save log_files.yml.example as /etc/log_files.yml. Edit it to define:
 - the path to this app's log file, and any other log file(s) to watch.
 - the destination host and port provided under log destinations. If no destination port was provided, set host to logs.papertrailapp.com and remove the port config line to use the default port (514).
Start
Start the daemon:
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$ sudo remote_syslog
Logs should appear in Papertrail within a few seconds of being written to the on-disk log file. Problem? See Troubleshooting.
remote_syslog requires read permission on the log files it is monitoring.
Auto-start
remote_syslog2 can be automated to start at boot using init scripts (examples) or your preferred daemon invocation method, such as monit or god. See remote_syslog --help or the full README on GitHub.
Troubleshooting
remote_syslog2 is daemonized as remote_syslog. When you're looking for the process, look for remote_syslog (not remote_syslog2).
The system rebooted and remote_syslog didn't start
Install an init file.
Logs not appearing?
Please feel free to contact us, either instead of following these instructions or while trying them. We enjoy helping, and these steps are only here if they let you save time by troubleshooting independently.
There are a few reasons remote_syslog might not be sending logs.
Is remote_syslog running?
Check with ps auxww | grep [r]emote_syslog. Exactly one process should be shown, like this:
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root 24501 0.0 0.4 13952 8864 ? S Mar01 2:45 remote_syslog
Does it have the correct access permissions?
In the example above, the process is running as user root. If a user other than root is shown, does that user running remote_syslog have permission to write to /var/run/? /var/run/ is the default location for PID files (background).
If remote_syslog isn't already running as root, try running it as root to test (such as with sudo), or specify an alternate location for the PID file (such as with remote_syslog --pid-file=/tmp/some.pid).
Did it stop running?
If remote_syslog starts but subsequently stops running, try leaving it attached to the terminal (rather than daemonizing) using remote_syslog -D.
Is it able to connect and find the log files?
If remote_syslog is running, try stopping it and restarting it manually in the foreground, logging at DEBUG level, with:
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$ remote_syslog -D --log="<root>=DEBUG"
After it starts, it'll print detailed logs about its activity to the terminal. If it's unable to connect, check Troubleshooting reachability. If it's unable to forward one or more of the log files, (for example, if it prints Cannot forward filename.log, it may not exist), check the filenames and permissions.
After the initial message Forwarding file: filename.log, it's normal for remote_syslog to print Skipping filename.log because it is already running on subsequent checks of the currently watched files.
Are the log files being updated?
remote_syslog only reads new additions to the log files after it was started. If there's no new activity, no logs will appear in Papertrail. To check whether a file is active, run:
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$ tail -Fn0 filename.log
to watch for new lines coming in; this is very similar to what remote_syslog2 does. To verify that new lines would be sent once added, try:
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$ echo "Papertrail test line" >> filename.log
If that line appears, any new lines added to the log will also appear in Papertrail.
Is it running, but suddenly stopped sending data?
…perhaps across many systems at the same time? This could be a firewall policy change or log rotation. However, remote_syslog plays well with all common log rotation systems (with no changes to the configuration of either), so we'd like to hear about this problem.
Is remote_syslog monitoring log files that are stored on an NFS share?
If so, enable polling via the --poll switch.
Detailed troubleshooting
The next step is to see what's actually being sent (with tcpdump), or what remote_syslog is actually doing, typically with strace:
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$ strace -tt -s 500 -fp 12345
…where 12345 is the process ID of remote_syslog, obtained from the second column of ps auxww. This will output every call that it makes. We suggest sending the strace output to a file:
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$ strace -tt -s 500 -fp 12345 -o strace.log
Feel free to send the strace.log file to us via _EMAIL_. We'll look for a few things. Did the OS notify remote_syslog of writes to the log files? Did remote_syslog call sendto() (UDP) or connect() and send() (TCP) to try sending the message? What happened?
Extra
See other options with:
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$ remote_syslog --help
See also Troubleshooting reachability.
Question?
Can we help? Just ask.
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Handling cfqueryparam errors in ColdFusion queries
 is ColdFusion's way of fighting against SQL injection attacks. If, however, you just put in your SQL or MySQL query, people entering the wrong type of input will get a server-side error message, which will make them think your website is messed up instead of realizing they put in the wrong type of input.
If you use , be sure to specify that the type is database if you want to be able to display your own error message.
Here's an example:
SELECT somefield
FROM somedatabase
WHERE someotherfield =
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Lovely Wind Chimes Collection 2015
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A wind chime is a decoration which is made up of hollow metal tubes arranged in a circular or cubical pattern with a slightly longer stick at the center of the arrangement which strikes the tubes to make a low pitch sound. The ornament has been used since Roman times and was placed outside houses to ward off evil spirits. In South East Asia, wind chimes have been used for centuries and are hung in gardens, verandas and courtyards normally and as their name suggest, are operated by gusts of wind.
Wind Chimes are made in hundreds of different materials, shapes, arrangements, colors and sizes. These properties depend on where they are hung and other factors which include the pattern and color of the articles in their whereabouts. Most commonly, metallic wind chimes are made these days which are preferably of Aluminum because of the metal being hollow, light and making faint, low pitched sounds. The tubes of the chimes are colored depending on their material of construction with wood normally being colored brown and metal being shaded silvery.
Like mentioned above, wind chimes are made in a variety of sizes. The dimensions of the decoration depend on where it is going to be hung and on some other factors like the material of construction. Larger wind chimes are affordable as long as the material of construction is Aluminum because of it being light weight but smaller chimes are made in case of wood and steel. If they are to be hung in a wide open place, wind chimes are made bigger so as to benefit from a bigger amount of wind and create more sound. On the contrary, smaller ones are used in tight porches and terraces so that they look good and not out of place.
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Why Do People Enjoy Q?
Why do people like mathematics?
This can be a question that has puzzled mathematicians and researchers. No body has come up with a definitive answer yet, although All of them think they have the clear answer. There really are some matters we could study on the study of why folks like math.
To begin with, they enjoy mathematics, should you inquire a math student, they are going to essay paper ordinarily say that it is just plain pleasure. countless skilled mathematicians who've studied math for years have impressed students. It creates them feel as they are doing some thing that makes a gap in modern society.
Some students also love math because it helps them to discover the beauty of numbers. They have found that if they can find connections between different numbers, then they can connect things like colors, numbers, relationships and more. They use numbers to connect to the world around them. Numbers also make them feel like pay for essay they are on the right track.
If a student will not be able to explain what makes them like mathematics, then they may think that they are not good at it. Some pupils take extra lessons to get better grades. Other individuals elect to perform mathematics or other courses simply to impress their educators. Some college students come to be fanatical about making certain that they're good at all they do, including the things that they do not enjoy.
Finally, some students love math because it helps them learn what they need to know for life. If they don't like math, then they might not know what they need to know. Math helps students _URL_ to understand how to balance their lives and lead a fulfilled life.
Is the fact that mathematics is loved by every one, however some such as it others. Because they enjoy looking at amounts, some are like me and enjoy mathematics. The others just love numbers and their perfect variety.
If you find you like mathematics instead of just numbers, then you'll like it. Make sure you believe about why you like math therefore that you are able to improve at it.
The answer to the inquiry,"Why would people enjoy mathematics?" Could surprise you.


Penetration of Photovoltaics in Greece
Eugenia Giannini, Antonia Moropoulou, Zacharias Maroulis, Glykeria Siouti
2015 Energies
Recently, an interesting experiment was completed in Greece concerning photovoltaic penetration into the electricity production sector. Based on the relevant laws and in accordance to the related European directives, an explosive penetration process was completed in less than three years, resulting in a 7% share of photovoltaics in electricity production instead of the previous negligible share. The legislation was based on licensing simplification and generous feed-in-tariffs. This approach
more »... s. This approach transformed photovoltaic technology from a prohibitively expensive to a competitive one. This work aims to summarize the relevant legislation and illustrate its effect on the resulting penetration. A sigmoid-shape penetration was observed which was explained by a pulse-type driving force. The return on investment indicator was proposed as an appropriate driving force, which incorporates feed-in-tariffs and turnkey-cost. Furthermore, the resulting surcharge on the electricity price due to photovoltaic penetration was also analyzed.
doi:10.3390/en8076497 fatcat:7f2jxxpnubg6xetwo6h357asbm


text:
Abstract: One of the important assumptions of data is the normality on which most of the statistical model and procedures rely on regarding the validity of given data hypothesis. Assuming the normality assumption blindly may affect the accuracy of inferences and estimation procedures. As observed, the collected data from real field are not always follow the normality assumption. So, data must be verified with adequate statistical test before used. There are various kinds of goodness of fit tests in literature. Some of them are special purpose tests, so that they are suitable and perform well for some special situations. Others are omnibus tests that are applicable to general cases. Most commonly used tests are Pearsonís chi-squared test and EDF (empirical distribution function) tests, such as Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Cramer-Von-Mises and Anderson-Darling test. The chi-squared test is easy to use but they are generally less powerful than EDF tests. In this paper we want to study the performance of twelve different tests for normality including the above mentioned tests. Considering various sample sizes and different alternative hypotheses results are obtained and displayed in different tables. Finally, discussions are made on the basis of the results.
Keywords: normality test; power comparison; simulation method, alternative of the form symmetrical and asymmetrical distribution

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Undertaking a roof tear-off is a significant project that requires careful planning and consideration of various factors, including the size of the dumpster you will need for efficient and convenient Junk Removal. Proper waste management is crucial during roof tear-offs to maintain a safe and organized work environment. In this article, we will discuss the factors to consider when determining the dumpster size for your roof tear-off, with a focus on junk removal and dumpster rental services in Ottawa.
- Roof Size: The size of your roof is one of the primary factors to consider when determining the dumpster size. A larger roof will generate more debris, requiring a larger dumpster. Measure the square footage of your roof to estimate the amount of waste that will be generated during the tear-off process.
- Roofing Material: Different roofing materials have varying weights and densities, which can affect the volume of waste generated. For example, asphalt shingles are relatively lightweight, whereas materials like tile or slate are heavier. Heavier materials may take up more space in the dumpster, so consider the type of roofing material being removed when choosing the dumpster size.
- Debris Disposal Regulations: Familiarize yourself with local regulations regarding debris disposal and dumpster placement. Some areas may have specific rules or limitations on the size and placement of dumpsters. Contact local authorities or consult with junk removal and Dumpster Rental Ottawa to ensure compliance with these regulations.
- Access and Space: Consider the available space at your property for placing the dumpster. Ensure that there is enough room to accommodate the dumpster without obstructing walkways, driveways, or neighboring properties. If space is limited, you may need to opt for a smaller dumpster or make arrangements for an alternative dumpster placement.
- Project Duration: Estimate the duration of your roof tear-off project. A longer project may require a larger dumpster or multiple trips for waste disposal. Discuss the project timeline with junk removal and dumpster rental services in Ottawa to determine the most suitable dumpster size for the duration of your project.
- Consult with Professionals: When in doubt, consult with professionals in junk removal and dumpster rental services. They have experience in handling roof tear-off projects and can provide guidance on the appropriate dumpster size based on the specific details of your project. These professionals can assess your needs, consider the factors mentioned above, and recommend the best dumpster size for your roof tear-off.
By considering the roof size, roofing material, debris disposal regulations, available space, project duration, and consulting with professionals, you can determine the ideal dumpster size for your roof tear-off project. Junk removal and dumpster rental services in Ottawa can assist you in selecting the appropriate dumpster size and provide efficient waste management solutions to ensure a smooth and hassle-free roof tear-off process. Proper waste disposal and management contribute to a safe and organized work environment, allowing you to focus on completing your roof tear-off with ease.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Comment : créer un fichier .vsctHow to: Create a .vsct file
Il existe plusieurs façons de créer une configuration de table de commande basé sur XML Visual Studio (.vsct) fichier.There are several ways to create an XML-based Visual Studio command table configuration (.vsct) file.
 - Vous pouvez créer un nouveau VSPackage s'affiche dans le Visual StudioVisual Studio modèle de package.You can create a new VSPackage in the Visual StudioVisual Studio package template.
 - Vous pouvez utiliser le compilateur de configuration de table de commande basé sur XML, Vsct.exe, pour générer un fichier à partir d'un existant .ctc fichier.You can use the XML-based command table configuration compiler, Vsct.exe, to generate a file from an existing .ctc file.
 - Vous pouvez utiliser Vsct.exe pour générer un .vsct fichier depuis une .cto fichier.You can use Vsct.exe to generate a .vsct file from an existing .cto file.
 - Vous pouvez créer manuellement un nouveau .vsct fichier.You can manually create a new .vsct file.
 Cet article explique comment créer manuellement un nouveau .vsct fichier.This article explains how to manually create a new .vsct file.
Pour créer manuellement un nouveau fichier .vsctTo manually create a new .vsct file
 1. Démarrez Visual StudioVisual Studio.Start Visual StudioVisual Studio.
 2. Sur le fichier menu, pointez sur New, puis cliquez sur fichier.On the File menu, point to New, and then click File.
 3. Dans le modèles volet, cliquez sur fichier XML puis cliquez sur Open.In the Templates pane, click XML File and then click Open.
 4. Sur le vue menu, cliquez sur propriétés pour afficher les propriétés du fichier XML.On the View menu, click Properties to display the properties of the XML file.
 5. Dans le propriétés fenêtre, cliquez sur le Parcourir bouton sur le schémas propriété.In the Properties window, click the Browse button on the Schemas property.
 6. Dans la liste des schémas XSD, sélectionnez le vsct.xsd schéma.In the list of XSD schemas, select the vsct.xsd schema. Si elle n'est pas dans la liste, cliquez sur ajouter , puis recherchez le fichier sur un lecteur local.If it is not in the list, click Add and then find the file on a local drive. Cliquez sur OK lorsque vous avez terminé.Click OK when you are finished.
 7. Dans le fichier XML, tapez < CommandTable , puis appuyez sur onglet. Fermer la balise en tapant >.In the XML file, type <CommandTable and then press Tab. Close the tag by typing >.
 Cette action crée un base .vsct fichier.This action creates a basic .vsct file.
 8. Renseignez les éléments du fichier XML que vous souhaitez ajouter, selon le référence du schéma XML VSCT.Fill in the elements of the XML file that you want to add, according to the VSCT XML schema reference. Pour plus d'informations, consultez créer des fichiers .vsctFor more information, see Author .vsct files
Comment : créer un fichier .vsct à partir d'un fichier .ctc existantHow to: Create a .vsct File from an existing .ctc file
Vous pouvez créer une base de XML .vsct fichier à partir d'une table existante de la commande .ctc fichier source.You can create an XML-based .vsct file from an existing command table .ctc source file. Ce faisant, vous pouvez tirer parti du nouveau basé sur XML Visual StudioVisual Studio format de compilateur (VSTC) de table de commande.By doing this, you can take advantage of the new XML-based Visual StudioVisual Studio command table (VSCT) compiler format.
Pour créer un fichier .vsct à partir d'un fichier .ctcTo create a .vsct file from a .ctc file
 1. Obtenez une copie du langage Perl.Obtain a copy of the Perl language.
 2. Obtenir une copie du script Perl ConvertCTCToVSCT.pl, généralement situé dans le <chemin d'installation de Visual Studio SDK > \VisualStudioIntegration\Tools\bin dossier.Obtain a copy of the Perl script ConvertCTCToVSCT.pl, typically located in the <Visual Studio SDK installation path>\VisualStudioIntegration\Tools\bin folder.
 3. Obtenir une copie de la .ctc fichier source que vous souhaitez convertir.Obtain a copy of the .ctc source file that you want to convert.
 4. Placez les fichiers dans le même répertoire.Place the files in the same directory.
 5. Dans la Visual StudioVisual Studio fenêtre d'invite de commandes, accédez au répertoire.In the Visual StudioVisual Studio command prompt window, navigate to the directory.
 6. TypeType
 perl.exe ConvertCTCtoVSCT.pl PkgCmd.ctc PkgCmd.vsct

 PkgCmd.ctc est le nom de la .ctc fichier et PkgCmd.vsct est le nom de la .vsct fichier que vous souhaitez créer.where PkgCmd.ctc is the name of the .ctc file and PkgCmd.vsct is the name of the .vsct file that you want to create.
 Cette action crée un nouveau .vsct fichier de source de table de commande XML.This action creates a new .vsct XML command table source file. Vous pouvez compiler le fichier à l'aide de Vsct.exe, le compilateur VSCT, comme vous le feriez pour n'importe quel autre .vsct fichier.You can compile the file by using Vsct.exe, the VSCT compiler, as you would any other .vsct file.
 Note
 Vous pouvez améliorer la lisibilité de la .vsct fichier en reformatant les commentaires XML.You can improve the readability of the .vsct file by reformatting the XML comments.
Comment : créer un fichier .vsct à partir d'un fichier .cto existantHow to: Create a .vsct file from an existing .cto file
Vous pouvez créer une base de XML .vsct fichier à partir d'un fichier binaire existant .cto fichier.You can create an XML-based .vsct file from an existing binary .cto file. Cela vous permet de tirer parti du nouveau format de compilateur de la table de commande.Doing this allows you to take advantage of the new command table compiler format. Ce processus fonctionne même si le .cto fichier a été compilé à partir d'un .ctc fichier.This process works even if the .cto file was compiled from a .ctc file. Vous pouvez modifier et compiler le .vsct fichier dans un autre fichier .cto.You can edit and compile the .vsct file into another .cto file.
Pour créer un fichier .vsct à partir d'un fichier .ctoTo create a .vsct file from a .cto file
 1. Obtenir des copies de la .cto fichier et son .ctsym fichier.Obtain copies of the .cto file and its corresponding .ctsym file.
 2. Placez les fichiers dans le même répertoire que le vsct.exe compilateur.Place the files into the same directory as the vsct.exe compiler.
 3. À l'invite de commandes Visual Studio, accédez au répertoire qui contient le .cto et .ctsym fichiers.At the Visual Studio command prompt, go to the directory that contains the .cto and .ctsym files.
 4. TypeType
 vsct.exe <ctofilename>.cto <vsctfilename>.vsct -S<symfilena


text:
Playing Card Portraits
Essential Question: How is balance used to create visual stability in artwork?
MSDE State Standards:
- Standards: Standard 1.0:2-b Create narrative artworks from observation, memory and imagination that show settings, characters and action.
- Standard 2.0:2-b Plan artworks that use symbolic images and forms to convey selected beliefs, customs, or values
- Standard 3.0:3-b Demonstrate facility with selected processes to organize ideas in a visual composition.


text:
Read the full story from the University of Delaware.
It's a big question: how is climate change in Antarctica affecting Adélie penguins?
Climate has influenced the distribution patterns of Adélie penguins across Antarctica for millions of years. The geologic record tells us that as glaciers expanded and covered Adélie breeding habitats with ice, penguin colonies were abandoned. When the glaciers melted during warming periods, this warming positively affected the Adélie penguins, allowing them to return to their rocky breeding grounds.
But now, University of Delaware scientists and colleagues report that this beneficial warming may have reached its tipping point.
In a paper published today in Scientific Reports, the researchers project that approximately 30 percent of current Adélie colonies may be in decline by 2060 and approximately 60 percent may be in decline by 2099.


Charles Martel is a Frankish hero in the campaign of Tours in the Battles of the Conquerors in Age of Empires II: The Conquerors. He has the appearance of a Throwing Axeman, but has better stats, including noticeably longer range and faster attacking rate.
Like other infantry, Charles Martel is affected by all upgrades that affect infantry as well as any other bonuses that affect them. As a hero, he cannot be converted and can regenerate health.
Unlike many other heroes, Charles Martel does not have to live in order to win the Tours scenario.
Upon his introduction in The Age of Kings, Charles Martel was a Champion, but not found in any campaign scenario and only available in the Scenario Editor.
History[edit | edit source]
Charles Martel was the de facto ruler of Merovingian France during the 8th century. He rose to prominence in 713 and became Mayor of the Palace in 718 under the kingship of Chilperic II, after a 3 year civil war which he won the right to the titles of Mayor of the Palace and Duke of the Franks. Martel was an avid administrator, developing the first forms of feudalism and often credited with developing the first truly Frankish monetary system. He established the first highly centralized authoritarian rule in France, although he himself never took the title of King.
His most famous act was during the Battle of Tours in 732 AD where he decisively defeated a Muslim army led by Abdul Rahman Al-Ghafiqi, obliterating the Muslim army and inflicting the first significant victory for Christendom against Muslims. After his death in 741 AD, Martel divided the Frankish kingdom into two parts, ruled by his sons Pippin and Carloman. The two parts of the kingdom were later unified when Carloman renounced his title and Pippin was proclaimed King of France.
Charles Martel's grandson, Charlemagne, would later become the most famous of the Carolingian as he extended his power across Western and Central Europe, laying the foundation for the Kingdom of France and the Holy Roman Empire. Martel meant hammer in Latin; he earned this nickname by defeating the Austrasian faction of the Merovingian civil war, smashing their ranks with a frontal assault and assault form the rear, like a hammer.


text:
Book: In the Shadow of the Banyan
Victor Frankl, as a concentration camp prisoner himself, came to understand why some people survived, others didn't, no matter their conditions. It was their will to live, their sense of purpose and self.
Vaddey Ratner, in her book "In the Shadow of the Banyan," she tells the story of the horrific Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia, 1975-79. While fictional, it is in fact, Ratner's own story. Through the voice of a seven year old girl we learn of the death and destruction of people, culture, and the land itself. Her will to live, her strength in the face of starvation, deprivation extreme and loss of family bears witness to Frankl's belief.
Ratner also tells us how the regime came to power and what their objectives were through the progess of her story, which is instructive as it is the way of conflict and power worldwide. It is difficult to read of such horror, yet this book is a story of hope and it is also a piece of fine literature worthy of the praise it has received. "In the Shadow of the Banyan" is powerful, well written, and a lesson to us all.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


From Meekipedia
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Angora is a young girl with an unexplainable power to cause living things to grow or heal themselves. Her appearance is also notable due to her striking green hair.
Angora is currently on a mission to fulfill a request given to her by her dying "Grandfather." She is headed north towards the capitol city of Caris (Citeran), to seek "the center," although it is not known what that could be at the time. She has gained a reluctant traveling companion, Pinter deJersi in her journey northwards.
Angora originally hails from an obscure settlement and community called The Monastery, located deep in the southern Caris jungle. Its teachings of respect and oneness with the environment have reflected heavily upon her life, and she is a dedicated vegetarian and pacifist. She appreciates and loves all types of animals and insects, with a special affinity towards butterflies.
She is also very energetic and enjoys climbing and being in trees. Her guardians initially tried to stop this dangerous behavior but gave up after realizing that it was impossible to completely prevent her from such activities. Although she engages in risky maneuvers such as jumping from tree to tree and swinging from high branches, she has never had even a minor accident.
Unconventional appearance
Angora's greenish hair is attributed to moss and small plants that have adhered themselves to the hair. She has no explanation as to how this could be, nor how the plants have manage to survive and thrive in such a foreign environment or after washings. Her hair is seasonal, and blooms with orange flowers in the spring. Angora is very sensitive about her hair and does not like for it to be touched or handled by anyone other than herself.
She also prefers to remain unclothed whenever possible, though again this strange behavior was not encouraged by members of the commune.
A mysterious entity whom she calls "Grandfather" allegedly bestowed unnatural abilities upon her not too long ago. As far as it is known, her powers allow her to manipulate and grow living beings, especially plants.


A Random Forest-Based CA-Markov Model to Examine the Dynamics of Land Use/Cover Change Aided with Remote Sensing and GIS
Understanding the land use/cover change (LUCC) in watersheds is essential for sustainable development. The CA-Markov model has been proven to be an effective method for land use modeling because of its simplicity and potential for evolution. However, it is difficult to apply this method to meet the requirement of land use planning and management since it fails to consider the driving forces of LUCC. To evaluate the factors that influence LUCC comprehensively, we developed and implemented a machine learning-based CA-Markov model to understand the dynamics of LUCC in a coastal watershed in Southeast China, the Minjiang River Watershed (MRW). The proposed method performed well for each land use category, with average AUC values of 0.999 and 0.916 for the training and testing periods, respectively, for suitable images. The overall accuracy for LUCC was 0.971. The urbanization process in the MRW was speeding up recently. Urban area increased by 2.22% of the total area during 2015–2020, and most of that was from conversion of woodland and agricultural land. Additionally, the proposed method provided a much deeper understating of the forces driving the LUCC on a regional scale. Population and gross domestic product (GDP) were the major factors influencing the distribution of urbanized land in the MRW. In contrast, woodland distribution was highly related to topographic factors in the MRW. Scenario analysis was also employed to identify patterns of LUCC under different scenarios. The results showed that the process of urbanization may become more complex with increasing population and GDP and that land use evolution may be more sustainable with scientific spatial plans which consider facilities for people and ecological protection. The proposed method quantifies the LUCC in changing environmental settings and can serve as a helpful tool for sustainable watershed management.
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CC BY 4.0
Please note that individual components of the publication may be subject to other licensing or copyright conditions.
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Auxiliary Programs — EnergyPlus 8.8
<< Prev | Table of Contents | Next >>
RunEPlus details[LINK]
A procedure (batch) file is the normal way to run a console application. The installed procedure file RunEPlus.bat can be used to execute EnergyPlus and deal with all the file handling and postprocessing. It can accommodate running the EPMacro program if you name your files appropriately. And it can use ExpandObjects to expand the special "HVACTemplate" objects into "normal" IDF objects.
The "set" statements near the beginning of the procedure file can be customized for each local system. Thus "program_path" should be set to the directory path where the program executable resides on your local computer, "program_name" should be set to the name of the EnergyPlus executable file, "input_path" should be set to the directory path containing the input (IDF) file, and so forth. Each of the path environment variables must have "\" as the final character or things won't run correctly. As mentioned before, the batch file is executed by typing:
RunEPlus <input_filename> <weather_filename>
where <input_filename> is the name of the IDF file, without the file extension, and <weather_filename> is the name of the weather file, without the file extension.The <input_filename> can also be a complete path to the file (without extension) and it will work.
In addition, RunEPlus can be called from a different directory and the temporary files will be created in the directory it is called from. This enables multiple RunEPlus.bat to be used with multiple processors or a multiple-core processor without the temporary files of one set of simulations interfering with another. Each call to RunEPlus.bat should be from different directories.
Instructions appear at the top of the batch file:
:Instructions:
: Complete the following path and program names.
: path names must have a following \ or errors will happen
: does not have the capability to run input macro files (yet)
: %program_path% contains the path to the executable as well as IDD and is
: the root directory
: %program_name% contains the name of the executable (normally EnergyPlus.exe)
: %input_path% contains the path to the input file (passed in as first argument)
: %output_path% contains the path where the result files should be stored
: %post_proc% contains the path to the post processing program (ReadVarsESO)
: %weather_path% contains the path to the weather files (used with optional argument 2)
: %pausing% contains Y if pause should occur between major portions of
: batch file (mostly commented out)
: %maxcol% contains "250" if limited to 250 columns otherwise contains
: "nolimit" if unlimited (used when calling readVarsESO)
 echo = = = = = %0 (Run EnergyPlus) %1 %2 = = = = = Start = = = = =
 set program_path =
 set program_name = EnergyPlus.exe
 set input_path = ExampleFiles\
 set output_path = Test\
 set post_proc = PostProcess\
 set weather_path = WeatherData\
 set pausing = N
 set maxcol = 250
: This batch file will perform the following steps:
:
: 1. Clean up directory by deleting old working files from prior run
: 2. Clean up target directory
: 3. Copy %1.idf (input) into In.idf
: 4. Copy %2 (weather) into In.epw
: 5. Execute EnergyPlus
: 6. If available Copy %1.rvi (post processor commands) into Eplusout.inp
: 7. Execute ReadVarsESO.exe (the Post Processing Program)
: 8. If available Copy %1.mvi (post processor commands) into test.mvi
: or create appropriate input to get meter output from eplusout.mtr
: 9. Execute ReadVarsESO.exe (the Post Processing Program) for meter output
: 10. Copy Eplusout.* to %1.*
: 11. Clean up working directory.


Do Popped Blood Vessels Go Away?
popped-blood-vessels-away
Popped blood vessels, which often appear on the face, go away, but the process of fading can take quite a while. There are methods a person can use to speed up healing, according to InnovateUs.
InnovateUs states that popped blood vessels form when a clot within the vessel causes it to bulge, weaken and eventually break. The vessels, called thread or spider veins, are generally colored red or blue and appear on the nose, chin or cheeks. Treat the spot with an ice pack, and leave the cold compress on the area for about five minutes. Moisturizers, which are rich in vitamin C or K, can also assist in resolving the skin problem. Some patients elect to undergo vein procedures like laser therapy or sclerotherapy, which uses a sclerosant to shut off the vein so it dissolves and eventually fades.


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Why Did We Change Our Curriculum?
Starting in the fall of 1993, Juniata's chemistry department launched a curricular experiment which is, to our knowledge, unique in the nation. The change came after many years of dissatisfaction with the traditional freshman and sophomore chemistry courses and after several years of discussion, research, and soul-searching within the faculty. The dissatisfactions included:


text:
Young researchers share stories at Science and Technology Museum
The Shanghai Science and Technology Museum is offering budding researchers a chance to have their voices heard by the public.
The museum has signed a cooperation agreement with the School of Marxism at Shanghai Jiao Tong University to build a professional science education platform, allowing young researchers to share their front-line work and their views on the latest technologies with the public.
According to the museum, it usually invites renowned scientists in their 50s to give lectures, but this time it is extending the opportunity to young researchers aged in their 20s, hoping to make science more accessible and approachable.
Zhang Jize, a postgraduate student from the university's school of aeronautics and astronautics, explained why China's homemade large passenger aircraft C919 hasn't been put into commercial use.
"After its maiden flight in May 2017, it has been undergoing test flights for over four years. But all these flights were carried out to test its airworthiness," he said.
In the future, young researchers will talk about driverless automobiles, homemade computer chips and other hot topics.


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In floating environments such as the captions of figures, LaTeX has a \global\_USER_, why is this necessary and what does this switch do?
 \sbox\_USER_{#1: #2}
 \ifdim \wd\_USER_ >\hsize
 #1: #2\par
 \global \_USER_
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2 Answers
up vote 10 down vote accepted
The _USER_ switch is used by LaTeX to handle vertical spacing at the beginning of a minipage environment (or a similar construct). If it is true then \addvspace is not adding space. So if, for example, a minipage starts of with a list environment then the space normally added in front of the list (by \addvspace) is suppressed.
The switch will be set to true at the beginning of a minipage environment (or a similar construct) and is normally set to false by \everypar, i.e., the moment textual material appears in that "minipage".
Now in the case of the caption implementation, two different strategies are used: if the caption is wider than the current horizontal width, then it is re-set as a normal paragraph (so the switch would be set to false by \everypar). However is it is small then the box is used directly without triggering the paragraph builder. Therefore one has to set the switch manually in this case.
And the reason that it is done globally is just because the switch is always manipulated globally.
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The sources say
The float mechanism, like minipage, sets the flag |_USER_| true
before executing the user-supplied text. Many \LaTeX\ constructs
test for this flag and do not add vertical space when it is true.
The intention is that this emulates \TeX's 'top of page' behaviour.
The flag must be set false at the start of the first paragraph. This
is achieved by a redefinition of |\everypar|, but the call to
|\_USER_| removes that redefinition, so it is re-inserted
if needed. If the flag is already false then the |\caption| was not
the first entry in the float, and so some other paragraph has already
activated the special |\everypar|. In this case no further action is
The most important command that tests this switch is \addvspace which is the command that is mostly used to add the vertical space around display environments such as lists. It is a global flag and setting it in a float environment means the float acts in a consistent way even if it floats from somewhere where it is set to somewhere where it would not be set.
share|improve this answer
This much I could gather from the source2e, but shouldn't it then be outside the conditional? Why only at the hboxed caption? – Yiannis Lazarides Apr 29 '12 at 19:52
_USER_ Frank just answered the point about caption in his answer – David Carlisle Apr 29 '12 at 19:54
_USER_ I think David's last part of the answer is a red herring. The switch takes care of itself and it only has to be set by \caption because of the caption implementation avoiding normal paragraphs. It is not doing a standardization which happens elsewhere. – Frank Mittelbach Apr 29 '12 at 19:59
Hmm if in doubt I'd believe _USER_, rather than me:-) But I wasn't so much thinking about caption there, as arbitrary addvspace at the top of the float. If the switch wasn't set by the float addvspace would pick up whatever value was current at the point of the float, wouldn't it? Ah we are agreeing. I think. the start of the float is the "elsewhere" that Frank meant:-) – David Carlisle Apr 29 '12 at 20:04
indeed :-) the elsewhere is \_USER_ which sets the switch. And by the way if the caption is at the bottom of the float then it is correct if '\addvspace adds space. – Frank Mittelbach Apr 29 '12 at 20:10
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text:
How can I map littoral sea bottom properties and bathymetry?
Heege, T., Kobryn, H. and Harvey, M. (2008) How can I map littoral sea bottom properties and bathymetry? In: Fitoka, E. and Keramitsoglou, I., (eds.) Inventory, assessment and monitoring of Mediterranean Wetlands: Mapping wetlands using Earth Observation techniques. EKBY & NOA. MedWet publication, pp. 92-93.
|PDF - Published Version |
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*Open access, no subscription required
Littoral sea bottom properties can be mapped from Earth observation sensors if the reflection of the sea bottom contributes a detectable part to the signal measured by the sensor. This sea bottom reflection must be separated from all other simultaneously measured portions of light for further mapping and classification procedures. Other contributors of light scattered to the sensor are atmospheric molecules and aerosols, the water surface reflection, and light scattered and absorbed due to particular properties of water constituents and the pure water itself.
|Publication Type:||Book Chapter|
|Murdoch Affiliation:||School of Environmental Science|
|Publisher:||EKBY & NOA. MedWet publication|
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text:
Black gold might not be as scarce as we thought. This week oil prices escalated to a record $139 per barrel, but that may partly be because the amount of available oil in known reserves has been significantly underestimated.
So says Richard Pike, a former oil-industry adviser and chief executive of the UK Royal Society of Chemistry, who blames flawed statistical calculations.
Oil companies produce a bell-shaped probability distribution for how much each oil reservoir might hold, and then quote as an indicator of the reservoir's capacity a figure they are 90 per cent certain they can exceed. When publishing a result for multiple reservoirs, they simply add up the figures for each one. And this is where the problem lies.
"They should be combining the bell curves for each reservoir," says Pike. Adding the numbers for each reservoir ignores statistical information about the extremes of the distribution, giving a...


text:
- Farmers in Gatundu South are now shifting from the major cash crops to high value crops in order to increase their income in the wake of falling returns from tea and coffee.
- This means some of the growers may need to uproot crops such as tea in order to accommodate horticulture crops that bring good returns.
As pressure on land increases due to a rapidly growing population, returns from cash crop farming are dwindling. Sub-division has let to farm sizes getting smaller, leading to depressed production.
It is because of this that farmers in Gatundu South are now shifting from the major cash crops to high value crops in order to increase their income in the wake of falling returns from tea and coffee.
This means some of the growers may need to uproot crops such as tea in order to accommodate horticulture crops that bring good returns.
"It is no longer business as usual and farmers are now alive to the fact that they need to shift from the usual cash crops to horticulture in order to make a meaningful business in their small farms," said Mr Peter Mwaura, a farmer in Gatundu.
For instance, a farmer needs at least three acres of land in order to make good returns from tea plantation. In an acre of land, a tea farmer would earn Sh200,000 on average after waiting for a whole year. On the other hand, a farmer growing an acre of cabbages will earn about Sh280,000 in five months or Sh700,000 from a quarter acre of passion fruit.
"If I plant cabbage in half an acre I will get about 7,000 pieces and selling the same at Sh20 on average, I will make Sh140,000 within five months. How long would it take a farmer growing tea to realise such returns?" posed Mathew Kamau, a farmer in the region.
A tea farmer gets an average of two kilos from a single bush, with an acre having close to 3,000 bushes. At the current price of tea in the market, a grower will earn Sh200,000 on average in a year.
Mr Kamau, who has also been planting passion fruit for export market, has been earning Sh700,000 from a quarter acre. However, he gave up on the crop due to water challenges in the area as reliance on rain-fed agriculture was untenable, given the erratic patterns of weather.
However, he is planning to go back to passion farming once his irrigation infrastructure becomes operational in the near future.
"I have installed my power house and put in place necessary piping and will be going back to horticulture soon," said the farmer who grew passion for export market.
Mr Kamau was also using diesel to power his farming activities and the cost was prohibitive, making him to stop the project.
Mr Waweru has been growing tea on his two=acre farm, but the returns have not been good, as the income is largely dependent on the economies of scale.
Whereas Mr Waweru is alive to this fact, unlike other farmers who have been uprooting the crop from their farms and venturing into full time high value agricultural crops, for him he wants to diversify to horticulture while maintaining some of his tea bushes.
"I have been a farmer for over a decade and I can tell you that you cannot make good returns from just tea alone. That is why there is need to diversify to other crops to supplement the returns coming in from the beverage," he said.
However, for many years, farmers' ability in the region to diversify has been hampered by the lack of irrigation in the region, forcing them to rely on rain-fed agriculture.
But there is light at the end of the tunnel as National Irrigation Authority (NIA) is in agreement with a Spanish contractor who will be constructing a dam at Rwabura Irrigation Development Project to cover 11,275 acres and benefit 20,000 farmers.
Vincent Kabuti, deputy general manager at NIA, said the project is targeting high value crops with farmers expected to grow cabbage, French beans, pineapples, tomatoes, lettuce and courgettes among other crops.
Mr Kabuti said the expected returns from the project would be Sh390 million annually and it will also create employment to 7,500 locals.
"We have signed Sh750 million loan agreement with the government of Spain and the project is expected to commence as soon as the Covid-19 restrictions come to an end," said Mr Kabuti.
The project, said Mr Kabuti, is expected to be completed by August next year with farmers set to benefit from water immediately.


text:
Buzzers / Chironomidae are midge pupa; they start life as a bloodworm living in the soft mud found in most still waters. Blood red worms get their colour from the oxygen and haemoglobin held within their bodies. When they are getting near to hatching they loose their blood red colour and take on a more sombre appearance. At this stage they then make their way from the lake bottom up through the water columns to the surface. They swim towards the surface in a wriggling action, stopping either to catch their breath or waiting for the right conditions to hatch. When they stop wriggling towards the surface they slowly sink back down before swimming upwards again. Eventually when they reach the surface, they hang from the surface film and hatch out in to adult buzzers or midge.
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DavidLarson
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Everything posted by DavidLarson
 1. DavidLarson
 Validating IPXact
 For 1: You can use the schema files provided by Accellera. Run them with xmllint. For 2: No. Pretty sure there isn't an open-source tool to do that for you.
 2. DavidLarson
 Referencing the memoryMap of a sub-component
 Forget my last question. I believe I figured it out. Now to figure out how to put hdl_paths in a hierarchy....
 3. DavidLarson
 Referencing the memoryMap of a sub-component
 Thank you Erwin. Yes that does help. Our situation is a little different, where we have a hierarchy of components, each with their own bank of registers. So, we won't be looking to connect sibling components, but connections would be from parents to children. Can that be done with IPXACT?
 4. DavidLarson
 Referencing the memoryMap of a sub-component
 Hi Erwin, Thank you for the info. I've been reading through the User Guide and it doesn't seem to provide all the info I need to do this. For example, in section 3.1.6 it says: Yet, it doesn't explain how to put a memoryMap in an addressSpace. You can only put segments in addressSpaces, not memoryMaps. Can you please provide an example of what that would look like? Regards, David
 5. I'm going through the HAL documentation and it looks l like the only languages that HAL supports are: Verilog, VHDL, SystemC and e. No system verilog. Rats.
 6. I have found a related problem. When you need to send a 1 to a W1C register field, the normal flow doesn't work: register_model.register.w1c_field.set(1); // <--- this is set to 0 internally register_model.register.update(status); This is clearly not what the user expects. What is the correct flow for these registers?
 7. I can see that the uvm_heartbeat hasn't been updated to fix this bug: _URL_
 8. DavidLarson
 Welcome to the UVM 1.2 Public Review
 I can see some very old code that should be cleaned up (such as the uvm_in_order_comparator). What is the timeline for a general code clean up?
 9. I just compiled your code (I added the endclass keyword): class addr_hole_seq extends uvm_sequence # (uvm_sequence_item); 'uvm_object_utils(addr_hole_seq) endclass and it compiled fine. Now you need to check elsewhere ... the code preceding this, how you are compiling, etc.
 10. I see errors like this when the macro is not called correctly. Check these: If the object is parameterized you should be using 'uvm_object_param_utils (<object_name>#(<parameters>)). make sure that the argument to the macro contains the name of the class and there are no typos. Make sure the registration macro isn't called more than once. Other than that, it would be helpful to see your source code.
 11. Hi Jadec, Yes, that makes sense. Thanks, David
 12. Hi Jadec, I agree that the get function is expensive, but calling it from the sequencer (rather than the sequence) is just as expensive since it is called the same number of times either way. David
 13. Hello, I am using the uvm_heartbeat object in my test bench and found that it always watches for all objection activity under the context component. By definition, it should only watch for the list of components registered to it. I found this when registering only one component to watch (my interrupt handler) and even after the component had no activity long after several heartbeat windows, a fatal HBFAIL message was not issued. Digging into the source code, I can see that the heartbeat keeps track of which components are registered by populating an associative array, like this: function void set_heartbeat (uvm_event e, ref uvm_component comps[$]); uvm_object c; foreach(comps[i]) begin c = comps[i]; if(!m_cb.cnt.exists(c)) // <-- This is the code to track... m_cb.cnt[c]=0; // <-- which components are registered if(!m_cb.last_trigger.exists(c)) m_cb.last_trigger[c]=0; end if(e==null && m_event==null) return; start(e); endfunction Skipping forward to the uvm_heartbeat_callback class, a counter is incremented every time a component raises or lowers an objection. When a component isn't found in the "cnt" associative array, it should have ignored it, but instead it sets a new index and sets the value to 0: virtual function void raised (uvm_objection objection, uvm_object obj, uvm_object source_obj, string description, int count); if(obj == target) begin if(!cnt.exists(source_obj)) cnt[source_obj] = 0; // <-- this is the bug cnt[source_obj] = cnt[source_obj]+1; // <-- BTW: isn't cnt[source_obj]++ faster? last_trigger[source_obj] = $realtime; end endfunction Instead, the code should have been written like this: virtual function void raised (uvm_objection objection, uvm_object obj, uvm_object source_obj, string description, int count); if(obj == target) begin if(!cnt.exists(source_obj)) return; // <-- bug fix cnt[source_obj]++; // <-- (seems like it should be faster) last_trigger[source_obj] = $realtime; end endfunction I have tried this change in my workspace and it works well. Thank you, David
 14. Hi mrforever, I just checked the UVM 1.1d library and the macro still exists. (phew!) You should email your question to _EMAIL_ (I think that's the right address) and a FAE will get back to you. Good luck! David
 15. If you are using a pre-compiled version of the UVM library then the macro will not change it. If you are not using a pre-compiled UVM library, then I would contact the Synopsys FAE and ask them what needs to change in your compile flow. I'm sure that the fix is something simple.
 16. Yes, I agree Logger. Since you have several items in your TB needing this setting then using the configuration DB is the way to go (vs. setting the items directly). BTW: Have you tried using uvm_resource_db instead?
 17. Hi mrforever, It looks like you are passing in the UVM_USE_CALLBACKS_OBJECTION_FOR_TEST_DONE macro as a run-time argument. It needs to be passed in during the compilation phase with a +define. Good luck and enjoy the heartbeat! David
 18. The uvm_config_db is used primarily to configure uvm_components. This is a snippet from the reference manual (italics are mine): The uvm_config_db class provides a convenience interface on top of the uvm_resource_db to simplify the basic interface that is used for configuring uvm_component instances. Regardless, I find that it is far better to set the variable directly. The real power of the resource DB is when the wildcard can be used in the path, but that doesn't apply to you in this case.
 19. Hi mrforever, I'm not sure if I understand your question correctly. It sounds to me that the forever loops in the monitor and sequence are intentional (not bugs)? So the sequence is sending background traffic? If so, then I would be sure that your sequence is not issuing objections. The monitor will continue to issue objections (raising at the beginning and dropping at end of the transaction), but that shouldn't prevent the test from ending, because as soon as the last transaction completes then all of the objections will be dropped. I would also be sure that you aren't setting a drain time anywhere. If you are, then the background traffic sequence will send another transaction before the drain time completes, raising objections again in the monitor and you'll never get out of it. HTH, David
 20. DavidLarson
 Mastering UVM: UVM Heartbeat
 Version
 457 downloads
 The uvm_heartbeat is a sorely underused jem that cuts out wasted simulation time. What is it, how do you use it and why should you care? I will show you.
 21. Actually, now that I think about this more, I would


handled properly. They are wild animals and can carry diseases that can be transmitted to humans.
Can raccoon dogs be kept as pets?
In some countries, including Japan, raccoon dogs are kept as pets. However, they are not suitable for everyone and can pose unique challenges to owners.
What is the ecological impact of raccoon dogs?
Raccoon dogs have been introduced to some areas outside of their native range, where they can have a negative impact on local ecosystems by competing with native species for resources.
Are raccoon dogs related to raccoons?
Despite their name, raccoon dogs are not closely related to raccoons. They are more closely related to foxes and wolves.


text:
Mushrooms grown on mulch made from bay and eucalyptus leaves experience changes in flavour and, to a small degree, in colour, while those grown on bay leaves are better in quality. These are the results of a study carried out by Argentinean researchers, some of whom are working for the Public University of Navarre (UPNA). The objective is to make use of waste generated by the essential oils industry.
"A panel of experts has confirmed that the mushrooms we grew on bay leaf and eucalyptus mulch were more brown in colour, had a more 'mushroomy' taste and were more spongy than those grown in traditional ways," says Alejandra Omarini, lead author of the study and a researcher who has recently joined the UPNA's Genetics and Microbiology Research Group.
The aim of the study, which has been published this month in the International Journal of Food Science & Technology, was to evaluate use of waste products from the essential oils industry in producing edible mushrooms. Through their study, the scientists showed that bay and eucalyptus mulch change the sensory qualities -- i.e. the smell, taste and texture -- of the mushrooms.
As there is almost no information available on evaluation of the sensory qualities of edible mushrooms, the team set up a panel of experts to define and compare the attributes of two species -- Pleurutus ostreatus (oyster mushrooms) the second most commonly cultivated and eaten mushroom worldwide, and Polyporus tenuiculus, a wild edible mushroom that could potentially be produced on a commercial basis.
This group of experts showed for the first time that the sensory attributes of these two species "clearly" set them apart from others, seven if they are grown using traditional mulch. The experts felt that Polyporus tenuiculus scored more highly than Pleurutus ostreatus in terms of the intensity of its "cereal" taste, colour, firmness, fibrousness and sponginess, while the oyster mushroom had a unique acidic flavour and tang, according to the scientists.
Adding bay and eucalyptus
The researchers grew the mushrooms on mulch made from the residues left after extracting the essential oils from bay and eucalyptus leaves, as well as farming waste (wheat straw).
The bay leaf waste proved the best, since there was not only a good crop yield, but the mushrooms produced were of better quality, according to the panel of experts.
The verdict of the "expert judges" was that the mushrooms grown on eucalyptus and bay had a more intense brown colour, as well as an increase in their acidity, their characteristic "mushroomy" flavour and their sponginess, although the intensity of bitterness and firmness was lower.
The study was carried out by the Biotechnology Research Institute at the General San Martín National University (Argentina).
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text: A desert is a landscape or region that receives an extremely low amount of precipitation, less than enough to support growth of most plants. Most deserts have an average annual precipitation of less than 400 millimetres. Deserts can also be described as areas where more water is lost by evapotranspiration than falls as precipitation. Celestia has several regions of desert that were created by orbital bombardment and actually get more water than the above suggests, but cannot support plant life making them look the same. Celestia is actually a very temperate world and had relatively few natural deserts.


Régie des rentes du Québec
Administering a defined contribution plan
A defined contribution plan is generally administered by a pension committee, which is the first responder for the plan and must ensure that the plan is in conformity with the relevant laws.
The pension committee is responsible for the administration of the plan and the management of the pension fund. Furthermore, it has an important role to plan in providing information to plan members. It must act with prudence, diligence and competence, like any reasonable person.
Sometimes the administrator is not a pension committee
A plan with less than 26 members and beneficiaries can be administered by the employer. In that case, the employer has the same obligations and responsibilities as a pension committee.
Who can provide information about a plan?
Generally, the documentation given to plan members indicates the name and contact details of a contact person. Those details can also be obtained from the employer our by using the Régie's online consultation service for supervised pension plans.
How can someone become a pension committee member?
Any person who wants to be a committee member, whether or not he or she is a plan member, can express an interest in becoming a member to the persons who have the power to designate committee members (for example, the employer or the union). An interested person can also run as a candidate for election by the plan members and beneficiaries at the plan's annual meeting.
To find out more...
See the Régie's section for plan administrators.
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HP OpenVMS Systems Documentation
Content starts here
Guide to the DEC Text Processing Utility
Previous Contents Index
5.6.6 Using Command Files
A command file is a DECTPU source file that can contain procedures, key definitions, and other DECTPU executable statements. You can have any number of command files in your directory. You might want to write one command file that customizes your editor for programming in Pascal, another command file that customizes your editor for text editing, and so on. If you have several command files, give them names that remind you of their contents. If you have one command file that you use most of the time, name it TPU$COMMAND.TPU.
The command to invoke DECTPU with a command file is:
$ EDIT/TPU/COMMAND [[= filespec]]
If you name your command file TPU$COMMAND.TPU and it is in your default directory, DECTPU reads the file by default, without your having to use the /COMMAND qualifier. If you name your file something other than TPU$COMMAND.TPU, or if you put it in a directory other than your default directory, you must use the /COMMAND qualifier explicitly and provide a full file specification after the qualifier.
DECTPU reads a command file, compiles it, and executes any commands that do not contain syntax errors. If there are errors, DECTPU writes an error message to the message area. The command file can customize or extend the application implemented by the section file with which you invoked DECTPU.
Example 5-6 is a sample DECTPU command file that defines a procedure that moves the editing point to the beginning of a segment of text delimited by the characters %(/* at the beginning and */)% at the end.
Example 5-6 Command File for GOTO_TEXT_MARKER
PROCEDURE goto_text_marker
 LOCAL text_marker_pattern,
 text_marker_pattern := '%(/*' + MATCH ('*/)%');
 text_marker_range := SEARCH_QUIETLY (text_marker_pattern,
 GET_INFO (CURRENT_BUFFER, "direction"));
 IF text_marker_range <> 0
 POSITION (text_marker_range);
 MESSAGE ("Text_marker not found");
 RETURN text_marker_range;
If you name the file that contains this procedure TEXT_MARKERS.TPU, you can invoke DECTPU with EVE and your command file with the following command:
$ EDIT/TPU/COMMAND=device:[directory]text_markers.tpu
If you add procedures or statements to the command file TEXT_MARKERS.TPU, place all procedures before any individual statements that are not listed within a procedure (for example, key definitions to move to the next text marker).
Remember to name your variables and procedures so they do not conflict with DECTPU reserved words and predefined identifiers. Compaq recommends that you prefix your variable and procedure names with three letters (your initials, for example) followed by an underscore (_).
5.6.7 Using EVE Initialization Files
An initialization file is a file that contains commands to be executed by an application. Any application layered on DECTPU can support initialization files.
With EVE initialization files, you can do the following:
 - Use EVE commands in a startup file to customize editing sessions
 - Set formats for individual buffers
EVE initialization files contain EVE commands that are executed either when you invoke the editor or when you issue the EVE @ (at sign) command.
To create an EVE initialization file, put in the file the EVE commands you want to use to customize the editor. Use one command on each line and one line for each command. Do not separate the commands with semicolons. If a command in an EVE initialization file is incomplete, EVE prompts you for more information, the same as if you were typing the command during an editing session. Comments in EVE initialization files must be on lines separate from commands and must begin with an exclamation point (!). You cannot nest EVE initialization files. Do not use the DO command in an EVE initialization file.
The following sample initialization file sets left and right margins, establishes overstrike mode, binds the QUIT command to the GOLD/Q key sequence, and enables an EDT-like keypad:
SET KEYPAD EDT Using an EVE Initialization File at Startup
You can cause an initialization file to be executed in any of the following ways when you invoke EVE:
 - Name the file EVE$INIT.EVE. This is the default file name for EVE initialization files.
 - Specify the name of the initialization file as a qualifier to the EDIT/TPU command.
 - Define a logical name, EVE$INIT, to point to your initialization file.
The first and third methods are appropriate if you intend to use one initialization file most of the time to customize your editing sessions. If you name the file EVE$INIT.EVE and do not specify another EVE initialization file on the command line, EVE automatically executes that file when you invoke DECTPU.
Use the second method to control which initialization file EVE executes to customize the editing session. For example, if you have an EVE$INIT file but want to use another initialization file, specify the other file by using the /INITIALIZATION qualifier to EDIT/TPU. To specify an initialization file called MY_INIT.EVE, enter the following command string on the command line:
EVE always executes the initialization file specified on the command line, if such a file is present. If no file is specified on the command line, EVE searches for EVE$INIT.EVE first in the current directory and then in your login area. If EVE finds EVE$INIT.EVE, it executes that file. If the file is not found, the editor checks whether the logical name EVE$INIT has been defined.
If you plan to create several initialization files and to use them equally, you may not want to name one of the files EVE$INIT. For example, if you want one initialization file to set narrow margins and another to set wide margins, create both files and specify the file you want when you invoke EVE. Using an EVE Initialization File During an Editing Session
To execute an EVE initialization file during an editing session, use the @ (at sign) command and specify the file. For example, the following command executes an initialization file called MYEVE.EVE in your current (default) directory.
Command: _USER_
Commands for buffer settings apply to the current buffer. This is effectively the same as typing the commands that the file contains. You may want to create initialization files to execute two or more related commands, such as resetting both margins. How an EVE Initialization File Affects Buffer Settings
Commands in an EVE initialization file that set buffer characteristics (such as margins and tab stops) affect a system buffer named $DEFAULTS$. Buffers created during the editing session have the same settings as $DEFAULTS$. For example, if your initialization file contains the command SET RIGHT MARGIN 65, the value 65 is used as the right margin setting for the main buffer and for any buffers you create during the session with GET FILE or BUFFER commands.
To see the settings for the $DEFAULTS$ buffer, use the EVE command SHOW DEFAULTS BUFFER. For example, if you want to know what the tab settings are for the $DEFAULTS$ buffer, type the following command:
This command causes EVE to show buffer information in a format similar to the format in Example 5-7 (using values that apply to your editing session).
Example 5-7 SHOW DEFAULTS BUFFER Display
 EVE V3.1 1993-08-17 08:47
 Information about buffer $DEFAULTS$
 Not modified Left margin set to: 1
 Mode: Insert Right margin set to: 79
 Paragraph indent: none WPS word wrap indent: none
 Read-only Unmodifiable
 Direction: Forward
 Max lines: no limit
 Tab stops set every 8 columns.
 Word wrap: on
To change the characteristics of the $DEFAULTS$ buffer during an editing session, use the command BUFFER $DEFAULTS$ to put the defaults buffer in a window. This buffer is empty and you cannot add text to it. However, when you change the settings of the $DEFAULTS$ buffer, the changes are saved and used to set the characteristics of any user buffers you create.
Use commands such as SET RIGHT MARGIN, SET LEFT MARGIN, SET TABS, FORWARD, REVERSE, INSERT, or OVERSTRIKE to change the characteristics of the $DEFAULTS$ buffer. The new characteristics are applied to new buffers but not to existing ones. To leave the $DEFAULTS$ buffer and put a different buffer in the window, use the BUFFER command.
5.7 Debugging DECTPU Programs
This section discusses the options you have for debugging DECTPU programs.
To debug DECTPU programs, you can do one of the following:
 - Write your own debugger in the DECTPU language. This is discussed in Section 5.7.1.
 - Use the DECTPU debugger provided in TPU$DEBUG.TPU. This is discussed in Section 5.7.2.
Regardless of which debugger you use, you may find it helpful to enable the display of error line numbers by using SET (LINE_NUMBER, ON) and to enable the display of procedures called when an error occurs by using SET (TRACEBACK, ON).
5.7.1 Using Your Own Debugger
If you write your own debugger, you can invoke it (and bypass the default bugger) by using the /DEBUG qualifier with the EDIT/TPU command. For example, to use a debugger called MY_DEBUGGER.TPU on a file called MIGHT_BE_BUGGY.TPU, type the following:
5.7.2


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The European Parliament adopts three new reports on gender equality
The European Parliament adopted yesterday three reports on gender equality:
- The EU Strategy for Gender Equality: "Parliament welcomes the positive measures included in the EU's new Gender Equality Strategy but calls for additional actions and specific and binding targets.
In their report adopted by 464 votes in favour, 119 against and 93 abstentions on Thursday, MEPs describe the Commission's 2020-2025 Gender Equality Strategy as ambitious but regret that it is sometimes too vague and lacks defined targets to be reached by 2025 and clear monitoring tools."
- The gender perspective in the Covid-19 crisis and post-crisis period: MEPs examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women and proposed measures to protect women's rights and enhance gender equality during and after the crisis. In a report adopted by 485 votes in favour, 86 against and 108 abstentions on Thursday, MEPs stress the need for a gender-sensitive response to all aspects of the COVID-19 crisis in order to enhance gender equality and to protect women's rights during the pandemic and post-pandemic period.
- Closing the digital gender gap: women's participation in the digital economy: "It is necessary to encourage women's participation in technical and high-level jobs by overcoming educational barriers from an early stage, say MEPs. In a non-legislative report adopted on Thursday by 598 votes in favour, 45 against and 40 abstentions, MEPs call on the Commission to address the serious gender gap within the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) sector, via concrete measures and appropriate funding aimed at increasing the participation and digital inclusion of women and girls."


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What acronyms or abbreviations mean in football teams?
In football and especially in Eastern Europe, there are a series of acronyms that name many of the most important collections of that geographical area of the world. Communist influence (in many cases extinct, among others still alive but nuanced) It has been so throughout the twentieth century in the company of countries that moved to the world of sport their presence giving teams a given name and social component.
Although there are many more names than will quote, yes that we hung by the football we're going to stop now know what the most important acronyms mean of the strongest teams in Europe from the East, especially those belonging to the regime of the Soviet Union:
CSKA: Its initials stand for Central Sports Club of the Army Moscow. During the years of the Soviet Union it was known as "the team of the Red Army", for his affiliation with the Army of the Soviet Union, so obviously it was supported by the Ministry of Defense. CSKA could call up at any time a player from any other club in the league, so always he had a great squad and will reflect the fact that it is the fourth team's laureate of the USSR. In fact, they are known by the nickname of "horses", because usually, when a player was called up to join the team, He is usually assigned to the cavalry unit.
DINAMO: Dynamo was founded in 1923 por Felix Dzerzhinsky, the founder of the Russian KGB secret police, in order to improve the physical fitness of police, so is the police team and was supported by the Ministry of the Interior. Its name means moving power. Has been eleven times champions and virtually every country of the communist orbit has a team with this acronym: Moscow Dynamo, Kiev, from Bucharest, de Zagreb
SPARTAK: The club was historically considered "the village team", without political ties, but union. Spartak team was simply a group of people, without government support, which necessarily permeated society and irked Moscow ruling class. Owes its name to the slave Spartacus.
LOCOMOTIVE: It was founded on 12 of August of 1923 Club of the October Revolution (because of the Russian Revolution), and changed its name to Lokomotiv in 1936. Lokomotiv had back in the union of the railway.
Although the acronym made reference to Soviet equipment, the truth is that in other countries there were other denominations with clear political overtones. Ferencvaros in Hungary was the team that channeled opposition to the Communists, and Rapid Bucharest Romanian, that was the antithesis of the whole army, he Steaua Bucarest, of which outside big fan Ceaucescu, a man of that talk another day, because their relationship for football went further than usual for a head of state.


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Last week I talked about the character 秘 mì mysterious / mystery that I am going to use in my Ming Dynasty trilogy covers. There are other characters with the definition of mystery or mysterious. Another one is 神 shén. However, when the character shén is used it implies mystery in the sense of spiritual. One way for a non-native Chinese speaker to discover which character is best is to look up what other words use that particular character. This gives a good idea of the underlying connotation versus the character's denotation. For shén [using the on-line dictionary _URL_ we do find the word mysterious/mystery with both 神秘 shén mì and it is defined as "mysterious / mystery." However, there are many other words which use shén and refer to the divine, to Daoism, mythology, mystical, gods, and the miraculous.
What does this imply? Well, if you are writing a mystery which centers on the supernatural and paranormal, perhaps you would want to use the character 神 shén versus 秘 mì because it implies a particular kind of mystery or mysterious event. It subtly alters your readers to another layer of meaning and insight.
Another character which can mean mystery is 玄 xuán. When xuán is used as a part of a word, we find a predominance of words referring to philosophical and spiritual schools of thought—Daoism, Buddhism, Confucianism. Xuán is also used in word combinations that refer to something being abstruse, simply difficult to understand. So, again, we find that although 玄 xuán can be used to mean mystery, it has a different underlying connotation from both神 shén and 秘 mì.
When choosing a Chinese word we have so many choices because each character used in creating that particular word brings with it a strong intellectual and emotional component. So, while my Mei-hua trilogy has religious and folk traditions included, they are a part of the cultural background of the period, not the central component of the stories, therefore, the character I chose was 秘 mì.


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New Animal Control.Org
This page is part of the Dog Waste section of New Animal Control.Org
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San Francisco Chronicle - Tuesday, February 21, 2006
In the future, we might be heating our houses with dog poop.
As San Francisco, Oakland and other Bay Area cities strive to reach self-imposed goals of keeping every bit of trash out of landfills by 2020, even animal waste is being scrutinized to see how it might be reused or recycled.
And so San Francisco has become the first city in the country to consider turning Fido's droppings into methane, which can heat homes, cook meals and generate electricity.
"Poop power? Yes, it's possible to produce electricity, natural gas and even fuel from Rover's poop and other waste material," said Robert Reed, a spokesman for Norcal Waste, which carts away the waste San Francisco, San Jose and a dozen other Northern California cities generate. "There are a lot of bugs to work out, steps to figure out, costs to be considered, but we are beginning to talk to the city about it and look into this area more actively."
Animal feces make up nearly 4 percent of San Francisco's residential waste -- nearly as much as disposable diapers -- so it is a significant stumbling block to cities reaching their landfill goal.
"American dogs and cats produce 10 million tons of waste a year, and no one knows where it's going," said Will Brinton, a scientist in Mount Vernon, Maine, and one of the world's leading authorities on waste reduction and composting. "That's really beginning to be looked at as a nightmare."
Dog and cat waste usually ends up in a landfill, where it's mummified for generations in plastic bags. If it's not tossed out, it's left where it falls and dissolves into the ground, where it flows untreated into the water table or the bay. Or it's scooped up with yard waste and tossed into the compost bin -- which is a no-no, because animal waste is full of pathogens.
So San Francisco has asked Sunset Scavenger, a subsidiary of Norcal, to find a use for it.
In the next few months, Norcal hopes to place biodegradable bags and dog-waste carts in Duboce Park, one of the city's busiest dog parks.
The waste will be collected and tossed into a contraption called a methane digester, which is little more than a tank in which bacteria chew on poo for about two weeks to create methane.
The methane can be piped directly to a gas stove, heater, turbine or anything else powered by natural gas.
The idea isn't so far-fetched. Several European countries, developing nations elsewhere in the world and a smattering of American dairy farms already convert animal waste into energy.
Straus Family Creamery in Marin County installed a methane digester in 2000, and it's working great, company officials said.
In a 2004 report prepared for the California Energy Commission, the creamery's manure-to-energy process met or exceeded expectations. The dairy uses the methane to power the plant, saving Straus thousands of dollars a month in energy bills.
There are a few potential glitches, however.
Most households don't produce enough food scraps, animal waste and other organic matter to power an entire home. And most households don't produce waste at a rate consistent enough to be a reliable energy source.
Another problem is that the gas in the methane digester will probably contain small amounts of other gases, which will diminish the methane's efficiency.
But with a few technological tweaks, methane digesters could be used in individual homes within the next few years, said Fernando Berton of the state Integrated Waste Management Board
"You've got solar panels on homes. Why not home-based anaerobic digestion processes?" he said.
But it's more likely that cities, not individuals, will use methane digestion to produce energy that would be piped to homes, he said.
The state's Integrated Waste Management Board is also eager to explore methane digestion. The board is working with a UC Davis biogas lab to study further uses for methane digestion, and the state is giving out methane digestion grants to dairies and farms.
"California sends 40 million tons annually to landfill, and over half of it is organic in nature. It makes sense to look at the alternatives," Berton said. "If we can turn something from a waste into a resource, we should be doing that."
Dog owners seem to be open to recycling their pets' waste. At Bernal Heights dog park in San Francisco, trash cans can overflow with plastic dog-poop bags on a busy weekend.
"It bugs me that I'm sending a plastic-wrapped time capsule of my dogs' stool samples to the landfill every day," said Robert Picciotto, a high school English teacher who regularly walks his setter, Jesse, at the park. "Apparently, that's going to be my shout-out to future generations."
In Oakland, the problem isn't animal waste in landfills, but in the water supply. It seeps into creeks, down rain gutters and flows untreated into the bay.
"It's a big water-quality thing. Dog poop gets into the water, and sometimes we have to close beaches because of it," said Becky Dowdakin, solid waste and recycling supervisor for the city of Oakland. "That's a really important reason to clean up dog poop."
Until turning all those droppings into methane is feasible, the most ecologically sound way to dispose of it is to flush it down the toilet, where it can be treated in the sewage system, waste experts said.
There is some debate among pet owners and environmental groups about tossing pet waste into backyard compost bins. Most scientists warn against it because the compost does not heat up enough to kill the pathogens such as E. coli -- which could then be transmitted to people if the compost is used in a vegetable garden.
Industrial composters, used by some cities to dispose of green waste and kitchen scraps, are a better option. They can reach temperatures of about 160 degrees, hot enough to kill even the most stubborn pathogen.
High-heat techniques also are an effective way of converting animal waste to methane, but it's less appealing than methane digestion because it produces significant air pollution, experts said.
So that leaves methane digestion as the most promising solution. But it won't take off until it makes sense economically.
Landfills remain relatively cheap -- it costs only $40 per ton to dump garbage into a landfill -- so although each Californian sends more than 5 pounds of trash to a landfill daily, it's still among the cheapest options in the short run.
What's more, natural gas and electricity remain fairly inexpensive. So although Bay Area residents may someday heat their homes with dog droppings, the rest of the state isn't about to jump on that bandwagon, Berton said.
"We're very supportive of what San Francisco is looking to do," he said. "Maybe it'll be a test case. But as far as the rest of the state goes, I think we're still a ways off."
Written by Craig
Email us at _EMAIL_
This website and all its content, except where otherwise noted, are © (copyright) Craig Mixon, Ed.D., 2003-2013.


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What is rose leaf rolling sawfly?
Rose leaf-rolling sawfly is an insect pest of roses. Female sawflies insert eggs into rose leaflets, and while doing so, secrete chemicals that induces the leaf rolling. Caterpillar-like larvae emerge from the eggs and feed within the rolled leaflets.
Attacks are particularly severe if there is warm weather during the egg-laying period in late spring-early summer, as this increases the sawfly's activity.
Light infestations can usually be tolerated, but where a large proportion of foliage has been affected, the plant may suffer a loss of vigour.
Non chemical control
Pick off affected leaves and dispose of them before the larvae complete their feeding; this is only feasible when comparatively few leaves are affected. The removal of large numbers of leaves would be more harmful to the rose than the pest damage. Cultivation of the soil around roses during the winter may expose overwintering larvae, but may also damage the roots and encourage suckering.
It can be difficult to prevent the females laying eggs and initiating the damage. Pesticides often do not reach the larvae in the rolled leaves.
Deltamethrin (Bayer Sprayday Greenfly Killer) or lambda cyhalothrin (Westland Plant Rescue Fruit & Vegetable Bug Killer) will control the adult sawflies but as these are active over a six to eight week period in late spring-early summer, several applications would be necessary to prevent egg-laying.
The systemic insecticide thiacloprid (Provado Ultimate Bug Killer Ready To Use or Provado Ultimate Bug Killer Concentrate 2) may control the larvae feeding inside the rolled leaves.
Pesticides for gardeners (Adobe Acrobat pdf document outlining pesticides available to gardeners)
The adult sawfly is 3-4mm (about 1/8in) long, black in colour with two pairs of transparent wings. The females insert eggs into the leaflets during late April to early June and while doing so secrete chemicals that induce the leaf rolling.
The eggs hatch into pale green caterpillars, which grow up to 10mm (about 3/8in) long as they feed inside the rolled leaflets. During late June and July the larvae go down into the soil where they overwinter as non-feeding larvae before pupating in the spring. There is one generation per year.


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Transport and Logistics in a Globalizing World: A Focus on Italy By Ilaria Mariotti
2015 | 108 Pages | ISBN: _PHONE_ | PDF | 3 MB
Globalization of the economy, fragmentation of the production process, increasing externalization of TNCs activities through their global value chains and the widespread adoption of Just-in-Time have increased the flows of raw materials, intermediate goods and finished products, with a direct effect on the transport and logistics industry. This industry, indeed, plays a key role in connecting the different import and export markets and the vertically disaggregated components of production system, which are widespread in the world. The existing literature on transport and logistics is mainly focused on engineering research, transportation economics and management studies, disregarding the view of regional economics, which relates with the impact of economics on space, and therefore, on the impact of internationalisation on a specific industry - transport and logistics and its effects on space. The present book aims to fill the gap in the existing literature by presenting the state of the art of the impact of globalisation and internationalisation of the economy on this industry and focusing on the case of Italy.
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Imagine that instead of negotiating a contract you are baking a birthday cake for your client. Follow the recipe and you will have a sweet success every time. Successful negotiators follow a sensible and measured approach to achieve the best result for their client. As a baker, I have learned there is also no "winging it" in baking. A well thought out recipe with quality ingredients that work well together will result in a flavorful moist cake that will surely satisfy the sweet cravings of everyone at the party.
Here are a few basic tips for negotiating a sweet success for your client:
- Start by understanding the difference between the needs and wants of your client. I recently baked a birthday cake for my six-year-old niece. She wanted lots colorful sprinkles and loads of pink icing. That would be a great outcome for her. But this is based on her narrow demands that reflect only the surface-level "wants." The thing is these overly specific requests rarely reflect their underlying concerns, interests, or motivations. What she really needs is a pink unicorn glitter explosion that will be the envy of all the other girls at her party. Do the research. Understand fully your client's desired outcome.
- Know that every word in a negotiation counts – as does every ingredient in a cake recipe. Every ingredient has a function. The way in which the ingredients react together is what makes the magic happen. Flour, fat, sugar, and leavening agents interact with each other to produce cakes of varying density, texture, and taste. Too much or too little of any one ingredient can lead to a flat cake. Certain words or phrases in a negotiation can have the same effect. The seemingly innocent phrase, "This is a good deal," can flatten any positive momentum in the negotiation. Their reaction may be "for who?"
- The way in which the words – or bargaining points – are blended together is also critical for a positive outcome. Similarly, the ingredients you select for the birthday cake are not the only things that affect how it will turn out. The methods by which they are combined can be the difference between a beautiful tasty cake or total failure. If you over-mix the batter, your cake will not rise. Be deliberate about each step. And know when to stop negotiating – mix until just combined.
Being an effective negotiator can be as simple as baking a cake – if you follow the recipe. Even expert bakers follow a recipe. Why negotiate without one? Baking the perfect contract can be rewarding for you and your client. And earning your client's confidence is just the icing on the cake.


Saturday, August 3, 2013
Web-based Polling in Library Instruction
Jared Hoppenfeld's article "Keeping students engaged with web-based polling in the library instruction session" introduces web-polling as a means to promote student engagement. His literature review covers several areas, such as the main constituents of library instruction in academic libraries--Millennials, active learning, Audience Response Systems and web-based polling, as well as mobile technologies. Indeed, he has provided a thorough overview of the topic, bringing to light some web-based polling sites I was not aware of previously: Text the Mob and SMS Poll
Of more particular interest to me, he offers suggestions on types of questions that a library instructor might ask during a typical library instruction session. Hoppenfeld starts with an icebreaker, such as "How happy are you that college football season is here?" If the class takes place closer to Valentine's Day he might ask about profits related to chocolate sales (243). This signals to students that the class will not be a regular library lecture class, and it also introduces them to the polling software.
Hoppenfeld's second set of questions deals more with student knowledge. Where are they coming from? What have they tried when conducting research? He may ask where they might discover a journal article, in a catalog or in a database. "An open-ended poll is also used to find out what resources the students have previously used for their research" (243). This offers an opportunity to discuss what they have tried and explain why they would want to take advantage of the library resources. What are the pros and cons of searching Google, Wikipedia, or
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Just how big is the world's biggest ball of twine? Well stop in at Cawker City, KS to see. Look at these figures:
40 foot circumference
Over 6,000,000 feet of sisal twine
Frank Stoeber started this ball of twine on his farm in 1953. By 1957 it weighed 5,000 pounds, stood 8 feet high, and had 1,175,180 feet of twine on it. Stoeber gave the ball to Cawker City in 1961 before his death in 1974.
Canis Major is the brightest star in the sky, alpha C ma
The state of Delaware accepted the Constitution on December 7, 1787. Delaware is the second smallest state in the Union, but can claim that it is the "First State."
Sir Francis Galton,, began his observations of fingerprints as a means of identification in the 1880's. In 1892, he published his book, "Fingerprints", establishing the individuality and permanence of fingerprints.
Why do you yawn?
You yawn because oxygen levels in our lungs are low. The brain prompts the body to yawn to get more air into the lungs.
Samuel Morse designed the first telegraph. On May 24, 1844, the first telegraph message, "What hath God wrought," was successfully sent and received along the first telegraph wire system.


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Michaela Binder, Durham University
Sudan has perhaps one of the richest and most fascinating archaeological records in the world. Construction projects such as roads and dams are an increasing threat to its cultural heritage which prompts a large number of salvage excavations by Sudanese and international teams. Accordingly, as a large number of archaeological sites are cemeteries, the amount of human remains housed in museums and universities for use in research is steadily growing.
Despite the fact Sudan has many excellent archaeologists, the scientific potential of human remains – which can increase our knowledge about many aspects of past human cultures – is not fully harnessed. This is mainly due to the fact that there is relatively little training in the study of human remains within the country itself.
Recognising this problem, the British Museum's Amara West project has instigated a Bioarchaeology Field School, generously funded by the Institute of Bioarchaeology. I am currently in Khartoum running a one-week workshop at the National Council of Antiquities and Museums (NCAM). Over the course of the workshop, nine participants, including senior members of NCAM and archaeologists from the universities of Khartoum, Shendi, Bahri (Juba) and Wadi al-Nil, will gain a basic understanding of the study of human remains, the methods involved and the potential information that can be obtained.
During the first few days, we have been busy learning about the anatomy of the human skeleton. Following practice on a plastic skeleton, the participants get hands-on experience with skeletons excavated at the Meroitic cemetery at Berber, by workshop participant Mahmoud Suleiman Bashir, an inspector at NCAM.
We have also visited excavations at al-Khiday near Khartoum, a multi-period site with cemeteries of the Pre-Mesolithic, Neolithic and Meroitic periods, where Tina Jakob of Durham University, who works on the human remains of Al-Khiday, gave a talk about her research.
You can read more about our discoveries at Amara West on the British Museum website where we have uploaded new pages about the excavation of a Ramesside house at the town, and post-New Kingdom burials in cemetery C.