super(ObserverFrame, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
# Attributes
self.txt = wx.TextCtrl(self, style=wx.TE_MULTILINE)
self.txt.SetValue("Change the font in the config "
"dialog and see it update here.")
# Observer of configuration changes
Publisher.subscribe(self.OnConfigMsg, MSG_CONFIG_ROOT)
def __del__(self):
# Unsubscribe when deleted
Here is the observer method that will be called when any message beginning with 'config' is sent by the pubsub Publisher. In this sample application, we just check for the ('config', 'font') message and update the font of the TextCtrl object to use the newly-configured one:
def OnConfigMsg(self, msg):
"""Observer method for config change messages"""
if msg.topic[-1] == 'font':
# font has changed so update controls
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = ObserverApp(False)
How it works...
This recipe shows a convenient way to manage an application's configuration by allowing the interested parts of an application to subscribe to updates when certain parts of the configuration are modified. Let's start with a quick walkthrough of how pubsub works.
Pubsub messages use a tree structure to organize the categories of different messages. A message type can be defined either as a tuple ('root', 'child1', 'grandchild1') or as a dot-separated string ('root.child1.grandchild1'). Subscribing a callback to ('root',) will cause your callback method to be called for all messages that start with ('root',). This means that if a component publishes ('root', 'child1', 'grandchild1') or ('root', 'child1'), then any method that is subscribed to ('root',) will also be called
Pubsub basically works by storing the mapping of message types to callbacks in static memory in the pubsub module. In Python, modules are only imported once any other part of your application that uses the pubsub module shares the same singleton Publisher object.
In our recipe, the Configuration object is a simple object for storing data about the configuration of our application. Its SetValue method is the important part to look at. This is the method that will be called whenever a configuration change is made in the application. In turn, when this is called, it will send a pubsub message of ('config',) + (key,) that will allow any observers to subscribe to either the root item or more specific topics determined by the exact configuration item.
Next, we have our simple ConfigDialog class. This is just a simple example that only has an option for configuring the application's font. When a change is made in the FontPickerCtrl in the ConfigPanel, the Configuration object will be retrieved from the App and will be updated to store the newly-selected Font. When this happens, the Configuration object will publish an update message to all subscribed observers.
Our ObserverFrame is an observer of all ('config',) messages by subscribing its OnConfigMsg method to MSG_CONFIG_ROOT. OnConfigMsg will be called any time the Configuration object's SetValue method is called. The msg parameter of the callback will contain a Message object that has a topic and data attribute. The topic attribute will contain the tuple that represents the message that triggered the callback and the data attribute will contain any data that was associated with the topic by the publisher of the message. In the case of a ('config', 'font') message, our handler will update the Font of the Frame and its TextCtrl.
 Read more about this book
(For more resources on Python, see here.)
Strategy pattern
The strategy pattern is an approach that allows for an application to choose the strategy or behavior that will be used at run time. It accomplishes this by encapsulating different algorithms and making them usable by the client regardless of what the underlying behavior of the algorithm is. This is probably one of the most fundamental design patterns in programming, and you're probably already using it in one form or another without even knowing it. This recipe shows how to create a reusable Dialog class that uses the strategy pattern to allow for the main content to vary depending on the strategy used.
How to do it...
First, we will start by defining a base interface with all of the strategies that our dialog class will use:
class BaseDialogStrategy:
"""Defines the strategy interface"""
def GetWindowObject(self, parent):
"""Must return a Window object"""
raise NotImplementedError, "Required method"
def DoOnOk(self):
"""_USER_: bool (True to exit, False to not)"""
return True
def DoOnCancel(self):
return True
Now let's define our simple Ok/Cancel dialog, which will use a strategy derived from our BaseDialogStrategy class to allow its main content area to vary depending on the strategy used:
class StrategyDialog(wx.Dialog):
"""Simple dialog with builtin OK/Cancel button and
strategy based content area.
def __init__(self, parent, strategy, *args, **kwargs):
super(StrategyDialog, self).__init__(parent,
# Attributes
self.strategy = strategy
self.pane = self.strategy.GetWindowObject(self)
# Layout
# Event Handlers
self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnButton)
Here, in the following methods of our StrategyDialog, we just delegate to the current strategy to allow it to define the behavior of the dialog:
def __DoLayout(self):
sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
sizer.Add(self.pane, 1, wx.EXPAND)
btnsz = self.CreateButtonSizer(wx.OK|wx.CANCEL)
sizer.Add(btnsz, 0, wx.EXPAND|wx.ALL, 8)
def GetStrategy(self):
return self.strategy
def OnButton(self, event):
evt_id = event.GetId()
bCanExit = False
if evt_id == wx.ID_OK:
bCanExit = self.strategy.DoOnOk()
elif evt_id == wx.ID_OK:
bCanExit = self.strategy.DoOnCancel()
if bCanExit:
Now let's implement a simple strategy that can be used to get the dialog to display a control for selecting a file:
class FileTreeStrategy(BaseDialogStrategy):
"""File chooser strategy"""
def GetWindowObject(self, parent):
assert not hasattr(self, 'dirctrl')
self.dirctrl = wx.GenericDirCtrl(parent)
return self.dirctrl
def DoOnOk(self):
path = self.dirctrl.GetPath()
if path:
wx.MessageBox("You selected: %s" % path)
return True
wx.MessageBox("No file selected!")
return False
Then, in an application, all that needs to be done to create a dialog that uses this strategy would be the following:
# Note:'self' is some window object (i.e a Frame)
strategy = FileTreeStrategy()
dlg = StrategyDialog(self, strategy, title="Choose File")
How it works...
Since all strategies that our dialog will use must be interchangeable, it is important to define an interface that they will implement. So, in our BaseDialogStrategy class, we defined a simple three-method interface that our StrategyDialog will delegate to.
The StrategyDialog is basically just a simple generic shell that delegates all decisions regarding its appearance and behavior to the strategy. When the dialog is initialized, it asks the strategy for a window object that will be used as the main content area of the dialog. The dialog then creates and adds some standard OK/Cancel buttons to the interface.
When a user clicks on one of these buttons, the StrategyDialog will then simply delegate to its strategy, to allow the strategy to handle the user action. This allows us to reuse this dialog class in many different ways, by simply implementing different strategies.
Model View Controller
Model View Controller (MVC) is a design pattern that creates a clear separation of concerns within a program's architecture. It breaks down into three layers: the Model, which is the application's data objects and business logic at the bottom, the View at the top, which typically consists of controls for displaying and editing data, and finally the Controller in the middle, which is responsible for mediating the flow of data from the Model to the View and vice versa:
wxPython: Design Approaches and Techniques
M VC is really one big monster pattern made up of other, simpler patterns working together. The Model implements an observer pattern to keep interested parties updated on changes, which allows it to be implemented separately from the View and Controller. The View and the Controller, on the other hand, implement a strategy pattern where the Controller is a strategy that implements the behavior of the View.
In this recipe, we explore how to create a simple number generator application that implements this pattern in wxPython.
How to do it...
Since there are multiple components that need to work together, having defined interfaces is an important step in the process, so first let us define some base classes that define the interface for our number generator's model and controller.
Beginning with our Model's interface, we provide a class that simply requires its Generate method to be overridden in order to provide the implementation-specific behavior. We have also built in a simple observer pattern mechanism to allow the view to subscribe to update notifications in the model:
class ModelInterface(object):
"""Defines an interface for a simple value
generator model.
def __init__(self):
super(ModelInterface, self).__init__()
# Attributes
self.val = 0
self.observers = list()
def Generate(self):
"""Interface method to be implemented by
raise NotImplementedError
def SetValue(self, val):
self.val = val
def GetValue(self):
return self.val
def RegisterObserver(self, callback):
"""Register an observer callback
_USER_: callable(newval)
def NotifyObservers(self):
"""Notify all observers of current value"""
for observer in self.observers:
Next we have the base interface definition for the controllers of our framework's view to derive from. This just defines


text:
Outcomes and Conclusions
The creek naturalization project improved 0.3 miles of creek bed in Bryan Park, located in the heart of Bloomington's downtown residential area. By establishing native plants along the creek bed, the project enhanced aquatic and terrestrial habitat in the park, and increased wildlife viewing and educational opportunities for park visitors. Biodiversity has noticeably improved as the new flora support more varieties of songbirds, pollinators and stream macro-invertebrates. Citizen scientist volunteers have monitored and tracked these species successes through Hoosier Riverwatch and the Bloomington Adopt-A-Stream program. Furthermore, for many years the creek had suffered from increasing sediment loads, dead zones and high sun exposure. This project corrected bank erosion, improved water quality in the creek and increased availability of shaded habitat. Since the completion of the project, the native vegetation has been able to hold the banks more effectively than turf during heavy storm events. Indeed, after the project was completed in 2007, it successfully managed a large flood just one year later in 2008.
Overall maintenance required for the creek shrunk and shifted such that it reduced mowing and thus fossil fuel use, and cost, in the park. The Department of Parks and Recreation maintains the improvement area along with some community volunteers. Maintenance requirements include invasive species removal, weeding, trimming existing plants, planting new plants, mulching and monitoring stormwater drainage.
Additional naturalization projects underway in Bloomington include a five-acre prairie planting funded through the Indiana Department of Natural Resources and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services. The site was planted in 2018 with the goal of creating new, drought-resistant habitat for wildlife and native plants.
While overall creek bed maintenance time and costs have decreased, maintenance requirements remain a challenge for the City. Aspiring for a biodiverse, herbaceous creek bed and eliminating mowing shifted the requirements to more hands-on tasks. The City has experienced mixed success in using volunteers to assist. Other challenges have included invasive species crowding out desired plants and winter-time aesthetics.
Project manager Steve Cotter said, "If I had to do it all over again, I would have incorporated trees into the vision from the outset and focused on selectively guiding the succession of the creek bed foliage rather than maintaining specific native plants. Initially we had only planned to plant wildflowers, grasses, and sedges. Cultivating a long-term herbaceous riparian zone for 0.3 miles of creek bed was an unrealistic goal without annual burning or mowing."

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Dr. Henry Bart and his "Field Studies in Environmental Science" class recently participated in a field trip to Frackville, Centralia, and Mahanoy City, PA to learn about coal, energy, and environmental impact. Photo's shown are of the strip mine (with the large shovel), as well as Centralia which has an underground coal fire that has destroyed the town (note the steam coming out of the surface). This fire has been burning for more than 40 years - there is no way to extinguish it.
They also went to a co-generation plant that produces energy from waste coal mixed with shale rock. It makes steam and electricity, at the same time removing the large piles of waste coal that have been leaching acid runoff into the streams and groundwater.
Click here to view more pictures of this Environmental Science Field trip and others.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


(R/B). The same numerical result is obtained as in the previously described example, with the treatment threshold occurring at the odds of the risk:benefit ratio (1/3); 1/3 odds corresponds to the previously obtained probability of 25% (see probability and odds).
Limitations of quantitative decision methods
Quantitative clinical decision making seems precise, but because many elements in the calculations (eg, pre-test probability) are often imprecisely known (if they are known at all), this methodology is difficult to use in all but the most well-defined and studied clinical situations.
Click here for Patient Education
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Time Left - 15:00 mins
GATE EC 2022: Control Systems Quiz 6
Attempt now to get your rank among 144 students!
Question 1
in the root locus for open loop transfer function is G(s)H(s) = the 'break away/in points are located at
Question 2
Given OLTF, G(s)H(s) = .
Consider the points : with respect to the RLD
Question 3
Determine which of the following option is true.
The root locus branches of a unity feedback system with G(s) = are
Question 4
Consider a unity feedback system having open loop transfer function
What is the value of K such that Gain Margin = 20 dB
Question 5
The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback control system is given by
Find the value of 'K' at which the root locus diagram of the system intersects the imaginary axis.
Question 6
The root locus of a unity feedback system is shown below.
The frequency at which root locus branch crosses the jω i.e. imaginary axis is.
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text: Based on the ancient Chinese Tangram puzzle, Tangoes® is a learning tool that combines artistic and mathematical elements to enhance visual perception ability, develop problem solving skills, creative thinking capacity, and teamwork. The classic tangram forms a square. These seven pieces can also form an infinite number of abstract designs, human figures, animals, and everyday objects. The object of Tangoes® is to form the image on the card using all seven puzzle pieces. Tangoes® can be played by one, two or in teams. From ages five to one hundred and five, all ages are delighted by the challenge of forming the puzzle presented with the seven dynamic pieces!


text:
IMEC Mini‐Pal ‐‐ Minipal is the Palletizing System offered by Process Integration to all of those companies that need to enclose the end of line activities within a limited area.
The machine is formed of a Cartesian centerpiece system made up of three linear axis and a circular axis for product rotation. This structure has the advantage to have considerably smaller overall dimension than the traditional Cartesian portal palletizers. and allows for substantial performance improvements. Lifting can be done by either grippers or suction cups, depending on the product to be palletized.
Minipal can be employed with more pallets and different feeding lines simultaneously, so it can be used for multiple stacking applications.
The standard system is made up of a single feeding conveyor, while the empty pallet's positioning and removal of the filled one is made by an operator. It is possible to increase the machine productivity by providing a completely automatic pallet feeding and removal system that includes a pallet magazine for about 10 units thus reducing load and discharge times.Download PDF and Watch Video


text:
AST1113: INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMOTIVE DRIVETRAINS
Designed to cover the entire drivetrain on a late model vehicle with a standard transmission. Instruction will begin with the flywheel and proceed to the transmission, through the differential assembly, and ending at the wheel and hub. Includes the principles of gear reduction as it applies to the theory, operation, and repair of manual transmission, differential, and transaxles. Several types of four-wheel drive systems will be taught.
CTE General Technology Fee: $30.


text: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread globally, forcing countries to apply lockdowns and strict social distancing measures. The aim of this study was to assess eating habits and lifestyle behaviours among residents of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region during the lockdown. A cross-sectional study among adult residents of the MENA region was conducted using an online questionnaire designed on Google Forms during April 2020. A total of 2970 participants from eighteen countries participated in the present study. During the pandemic, over 30 % reported weight gain, 6·2 % consumed five or more meals per d compared with 2·2 % before the pandemic (P < 0·001) and 48·8 % did not consume fruits on a daily basis. Moreover, 39·1 % did not engage in physical activity, and over 35 % spent more than 5 h/d on screens. A significant association between the frequency of training during the pandemic and the reported change in weight was found (P < 0·001). A significantly higher percentage of participants reported physical and emotional exhaustion, irritability and tension either all the time or a large part of the time during the pandemic (P < 0·001). Although a high percentage of participants reported sleeping more hours per night during the pandemic, 63 % had sleep disturbances. The study highlights that the lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic caused a variety of lifestyle changes, physical inactivity and psychological problems among adults in the MENA region.


text:
Continuing where we left off last time, today I want to present a few ideas about how to design the API that enables us to do stateless rendering.
Before we talk about how to design a stateless rendering API, let us quickly take a look at how a stateful rendering API usually performs its task.
Conventional, stateful rendering
This is the type of rendering everybody knows: you set a few states here and there, submit a draw call, set some states, submit a draw call, and so on.
Usually, this looks something like the following:
// 1) render first object backend::SetCullState(CULLSTATE_BACK); backend::SetVertexBuffer(vb); backend::SetIndexBuffer(ib); backend::BindTexture(0u, diffuse); backend::DrawIndexed(triCount*3, 0u, 0u); // 2) render second object backend::SetCullState(CULLSTATE_FRONT); backend::BindTexture(0u, otherDiffuse); backend::SetAlphaBlendState(ONE_ONE); backend::DrawIndexed(triCount*3, 0u, 0u);
The problem with that abstraction is that whatever state was set when rendering the first object also affects the rendering of the second object, which affects the rendering of the third object, and so on. State once set in the pipeline leaks into subsequent draw calls, and in case it isn't obvious, there are actually two problems (not just one!) with the stateful abstraction above:
- First problem: When rendering e.g. a third object, it will be rendered with a reversed culling state in case we forget to set it back to CULLSTATE_BACK. Same with alpha blending. This is the smaller of the two problems.
- Second problem: Whenever you have to change a state of some draw call, all following draw calls not touching the same state will now be broken. This is much worse than the first problem, because you either have to change all the draw calls you actually didn't want to touch, or always set back all touched upon states to their default values after a draw call has been submitted. This is both error-prone and tedious.
And we haven't even started talking about multi-threaded rendering yet.
To elaborate a bit on the second point, imagine what would happen if we changed the code above to the following:
// 1) render first object backend::SetCullState(CULLSTATE_BACK); backend::SetVertexBuffer(vb); backend::SetIndexBuffer(ib); backend::SetRasterizerState(NO_DEPTH_WRITE); // <=== backend::BindTexture(0u, diffuse); backend::DrawIndexed(triCount*3, 0u, 0u); // 2) render second object backend::SetCullState(CULLSTATE_FRONT); backend::BindTexture(0u, otherDiffuse); backend::SetAlphaBlendState(ONE_ONE); backend::DrawIndexed(triCount*3, 0u, 0u);
By introducing a new command SetRasterizerState that changes the state of the pipeline, all draw calls following the first one are also affected by our change, because the other draw calls never touch that state. We either have to set it explicitly in the second draw call, or reset it after submitting the first DrawIndexed. It's much worse when you want to move certain render operations from here to there, put them in a function, etc. because you always have to be aware of the "surrounding state". Like I said, error-prone and tedious.
Introducing a stateless API
Armed with the knowledge of what's clearly wrong with the stateful approach above, let us try to come up with better solutions. One possible solution would be to start from a clean default state each frame, and reset all the states back to their default whenever we submit a draw call. If the user were to do that himself, this could look like the following:
// at the beginning of a frame, all states are set to their default value // 1) render first object backend::SetCullState(CULLSTATE_BACK); backend::SetVertexBuffer(vb); backend::SetIndexBuffer(ib); backend::BindTexture(0u, diffuse); backend::DrawIndexed(triCount*3, 0u, 0u); backend::ResetDefault(); // <=== // 2) render second object backend::SetCullState(CULLSTATE_FRONT); backend::BindTexture(0u, otherDiffuse); backend::SetAlphaBlendState(ONE_ONE); backend::DrawIndexed(triCount*3, 0u, 0u); backend::ResetDefault(); // <===
Of course, we could also put that functionality into our API, and let it take care of that.
For now, let us assume that we have one big render queue which is used for queueing up all draw calls during a frame, which then get sorted and dispatched using the render backend at the end of a frame. Then we could do the following:
// 1) render first object renderQueue::SetCullState(CULLSTATE_BACK); renderQueue::SetVertexBuffer(vb); renderQueue::SetIndexBuffer(ib); renderQueue::BindTexture(0u, diffuse); renderQueue::SubmitIndexed(triCount*3, 0u, 0u); // 2) render second object renderQueue::SetCullState(CULLSTATE_FRONT); renderQueue::BindTexture(0u, otherDiffuse); renderQueue::SetAlphaBlendState(ONE_ONE); renderQueue::SubmitIndexed(triCount*3, 0u, 0u); // at the end of a frame: renderQueue::Sort(); renderQueue::Flush();
Basically, all our renderQueue implementation has to do is the following:
- Keep track of the currently set vertex buffer, index buffer, cull state, alpha state, texture samplers, etc. Whenever someone calls renderQueue::Set*State(), simply change the corresponding member to the new state.
- For each Submit*() call, insert a new draw call into the queue. Our queue in this case would be raw memory, and we would simply store the type of the operation (an indexed draw call), the key (used for sorting), and all data that goes along with the draw call (in our case all the current states). After that, we reset all our internal state members to their default value.
- Upon a call to Sort(), we simply sort all the keys using e.g. a radix sort.
- Upon a call to Flush(), we walk the sorted array of operations, fetch the type, fetch the data, and call the respective render backend functions. It's very similar to implementing a simple virtual machine.
Of course, there are many implementation details we haven't talked about yet, but that's basically the gist of it. However, there is one thing I really don't like about that approach, as soon as multi-threaded rendering enters the picture.
With multi-threaded rendering, we want to be able to call any renderQueue function from any thread, which means that even though the C++ code looks like sequential code, calls to various renderQueue::Set*() functions are made from different threads, and are therefore interleaved. We can no longer use simple members in our renderQueue implementation to keep track of the current state, and not even wrapping each function with a mutex (or similar) would work, because we would need to wrap all operations that belong to a single draw call at once. This has way too much overhead, don't even think about doing it this way.
There is of course a simpler, and faster solution to that: thread-local storage. Instead of keeping track of the currently set state using simple members in the renderQueue, each thread keeps track of its state using e.g. a thread-local struct which holds all the states.
However, I'm still not satisfied with such an approach, because it means that every renderQueue function call now has to access some thread-local variable, which adds overhead compared to just accessing memory. Therefore, I am also considering the following alternatives.
The first one boils down to creating structs holding the state for a draw call on the stack, and then copying all of it into the queue upon submitting a draw call, something like the following:
IndexedDrawCall dc; dc.SetVertexBuffer(mesh->vertexBuffer); dc.SetIndexBuffer(mesh->indexBuffer); dc.SetCullState(CULLSTATE_BACK); renderQueue::Submit(dc);
Firstly, this pretty much gets rid of all the multi-threading problems we have seen in the approach above. If we want to use one global queue, all we have to do is copy the data given in a call to renderQueue::Submit() (along with the key for sorting). For that, we can simply use a linear allocator that does nothing more than increment a pointer for each allocation. By using atomic operations, we can trivially make the allocation both thread-safe, and fast. If we don't want to use atomic operations, we can use a thread-local queue per thread instead.
Secondly, this would allow us to cache certain draw calls. For certain static parts of the world, we could build the draw call once, store it somewhere, and submit it into the renderQueue without any additional work.
Thirdly, each draw call like IndexedDrawCall, InstancedDrawCall, ComputeDrawCall, etc. could make sure to only store the data it needs, which could cut down on the amount of memory required to store the individual draw calls.
There are two things which I don't like with this approach, though:
- Each instance of a draw call struct is stateful again, which means that the user could create a draw call on the stack, submit


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 - 1080i is an abbreviation referring to a combination of frame resolution and scan type, in the domains of high-definition television and high-definition video. The term assumes a widescreen aspect ratio of 16:9, a spatial resolution of 1920 pixels × 1080 lines, and a temporal resolution of 50 or 60 interlaced fields per second. This format is used in the SMPTE 292M standard. The choice of 1080 lines originates with Charles Poynton, who in the early 1990s pushed for "square pixels" to be used in HD video formats. Wikipedia


1. Eksp Klin Farmakol. 2011;74(3):32-4.
[Geroprotective properties of dimebon: morphological characterization of organs
and tissues in mice after long-term treatment].
[Article in Russian]
[No authors listed]
It has been experimentally established that dimebon reliably increased the
average and maximum life span and significantly improved the general state of
C57BL/6 female mice. Compared to the control group, the animals of the test group
were more active, had better hair (greater number of hair follicles per unit area
of histological section of skin), and lower age-related reduction of the body
weight.
PMID: 21598635 [Indexed for MEDLINE]


text:
External Web sites
Britannica Web sites
Articles from Britannica encyclopedias for elementary and high school students.
- René Dubos - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)
(1901-82). The pioneering research of French-born U.S. microbiologist, environmentalist, and author Rene Dubos in isolating antibacterial substances from certain soil microorganisms led to the discovery of major antibiotics. Dubos is also known for his research and writings on a number of subjects, including antibiotics, acquired immunity, tuberculosis, and bacteria of the gastrointestinal tract. In his later years his interest shifted to the relationship between humans and the natural environment.


text:
BARCELONA, Spain — Motorola thinks we may be wearing our phones on our wrist in future.
The company, which is owned by Chinese tech giant Lenovo, showed off a bendable smartphone during the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, Spain, after teasing it in a video last year.
It is just a concept product so it may never be released. But Motorola is keen to show the progress of display technology to stand out in the crowded smartphone market.
During a demonstration, a Motorola representative showed how the phone could bend in various ways to wrap around a wrist or stand up on a table.
When the phone is wrapped around the wrist, the way information is displayed changes. For example, the apps appear at the top of the screen.
The representative said the phone is "contextually aware" so adapts depending on how it has been bent.
The mechanism that allows the phone to bend was desecribed by the Motorola representative as similar to the way the human spine works.
In one demonstration, the representative used the phone to take a picture of a dress. The phone then generated a background that complemented the outfit. That background could be applied to the device so that when a user wears it, the phone is a fashion accessory.
Lenovo and Motorola often show off protoypes of devices. During MWC, Lenovo revealed a laptop with a see-through screen. Last year, Motorola touted a smartphone with a screen that rolled up.
The bendable display from Motorola appears to build on some of the advances made with foldable screens in recent years. Motorla revived its iconic Razr brand in 2020 as a foldable smartphone.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


ArticlesInspirational People
Farewell to a Fighter: John Nash " The Beautiful Mind " by Deepali Pandit
Farewell to a Fighter: John Nash
John Forbes Nash
Born in a small town in West Virginia, he did big wonders in the wide world. From solving great theoretical problems to battling mental illness, he experienced it all. Life blessed him with a beautiful mind but it also cursed the same mind with mental illness. Like everyone else he also had his share of ups and downs. He won few battles, he lost few too. But that never ending spirit of not giving up made him what he was. Today he might not be with us but his life is a big inspiration to one and all. John Forbes Nash, the famous American mathematician along with his wife Alicia Nash lost their lives in a tragic car accident.
John nash with wife when young
Nash studied for three years at the Carnegie Institute of Technology. Later he moved to Princeton University where he worked on his equilibrium theory. In 1950 he received his doctorate on non-cooperative games. The thesis had the definition and properties of the famous Nash Equilibrium, which later led to his Nobel Prize. Nash's achievements in mathematics were remarkable, he was known for the originality of his thinking and his courage in solving difficult problems which people used to avoid. After receiving his doctorate from Princeton university, Nash worked as an instructor at (M.I.T) where he met his wife Alicia Larde an M.I.T. major in physics, whom he soon got married with. Everything was going fine in his professional life, but his personal life became complex after his wife got pregnant with their first child.
John Nash
In 1959, Nash started feeling mental disturbances. He suffered from delusions and extreme paranoia. H e had to quit his position in MIT. Alicia later got him admitted to the McLean Hospital where he was treated for schizophrenia. Nash was disturbed in this way for a very long period of time of almost four decades. However, he gradually improved and his mental state recovered by the time he won Nobel Prize in 1994.
John Nash and wife
Oscar winning Hollywood movie "A Beautiful Mind" was based on the inspiring life of John Nash. Hollywood actor, Russel Crowe played John Nash's character in the film. The movie was directed by Ron Howard. The movie reflects the highs and lows of John Nash's life.

Facing mental illness for such a long period was a very painful experience for Nash. But he fought it all and got rid of it. It saddens to see that after defeating mental illness he lost his life to a car accident. But his life remains an inspiration to those who are facing mental problems. If Nash could fight and defeat mental illness you too can. Be a fighter, don't give up!

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An Alaska Airlines 737 crew decided to evacuate after landing, as a passenger's phone sparked and caught fire. There were some injuries.
The incident happened on Monday, the 23rd of August, on Alaska Airlines flight AS751. The aircraft flew from New Orleans (KMSY) in Louisiana, to the airline's base in Seattle (KSEA) in Washington State, USA. The flight itself was apparently uneventful. The trouble started after the aircraft landed.
The conditions that lead to the start of the phone fire are unclear. But according to Alaska Airlines, the incident happened as the flight crew were waiting for their gate to open. Passengers on the flight later stated that the cabin crew were immediately on top of the incident. But despite their best efforts, the fire persisted and smoke began to fill the cabin.
The phone fire got bad enough that the Alaska crew initiated an evacuation of their 737. A statement from the airline later described the sequence of events as follows:
"The crew acted swiftly using fire extinguishers and a battery containment bag to stop the phone from smoking. Crew members deployed the evacuation slides due to hazy conditions inside the cabin."
Evacuations are dangerous in themselves. The Alaska crew would have weighed the risk from the phone fire, against the risk of injuries during the evacuation. Broken legs and other such injuries are common, during evacuations. And by the way, "the crew" here refers to both pilots AND flight attendants. We don't know if it was the pilots or the cabin crew that took the decision to evacuate.
There were 129 passengers and 6 crew on board the aircraft. The evacuation proceeded normally, the passengers stepping out onto the tarmac. But the airline reported that two passengers received treatment at a local hospital, after the incident. However we don't know if these passengers suffered from burns or smoke inhalation, or if they had evacuation-related injuries.
Alaska Phone Fire – Why Did It Happen?
As for the cause for the phone fire in this Alaska flight, we simply don't know. We have recently seen two different fire incidents, involving phones. One was a pallet full of brand-new phones, about to go on board a cargo aircraft. The other was a passenger's phone, that got jammed in the reclining mechanism of a premium seat.
The cause for most phone fires is some sort of deformation, due to pressure. Improper packaging could have done this in the case of the pallet of phones, with those on the bottom suffering weight they couldn't handle. Obviously a motorized seat mechanism can do the same to an individual phone. The phone fire in this Alaska flight doesn't appear to involve 'fancy' seats. But the timing of the fire itself, is probably a clue.
Most of us have been in a flight that lands and takes a bit too long to get to the gate. Passengers collect their belongings, shifting around a lot. Perhaps somebody dropped their phone in the process, and then they or someone next to them, inadvertently stepped on it. Unfortunately, it doesn't take much effort. Airlines dislike devices with lithium-ion batteries, for a reason.
In any case, everyone involved in the Alaska phone fire incident in Seattle, is now safe. However, the aircraft is still on the ground as of this writing. It is a Boeing 737-990ER(WL), with registration N479AS. It's just over six years old.


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The Netherlands is famous for its professional design practice, both smalland large-scale. It is also known for its humanitarian missions and investments in development projects around the world. There used to be a clear distinction between war zones and the peaceful civilian world. That distinction seems to have dissolved: war has become part of the public space. Through this project, Het Nieuwe Instituut seeks to link subjects such as innovation and conflict to contemporary issues in design. The work focuses on the extent to which the military apparatus affects society and how it engages with architecture and urban planning.
The project is divided into three sub-research themes:
1. Drones: machines, surveillance and emerging security regimes
2. Compounds: architecture of enclosure
Background tot the project Drones and Honeycombs
Drones and Honeycombs is based on a research project by Malkit Shoshan, fellow of Het Nieuwe Instituut.


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For the more information about the air resources of the National Park Service, please visit _URL_
Lost Sea (Craighead Caverns)
The Lost Sea cavern system includes the largest known underground lake in the country, an abundance of crystal clusters called anthodites, stalactites, stalagmites, and a waterfall. The site once yielded bones and footprints of a giant Pleistocene jaguar.
Location: Monroe County, TN
Year designated: 1974
For additional information see:
Please remember, National Natural Landmarks (NNLs) are not national parks. NNL status does not indicate public ownership, and many sites are not open for visitation.
Last Updated: June 28, 2012


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Getting a criminal record in Ontario can have serious consequences, affecting your ability to find a job, travel abroad, and even get a loan. Fortunately, there are several ways to prevent criminal charges and maintain a clean record. In this article, we will discuss some effective strategies for preventing a criminal record in Ontario.
Understand the Law
One of the most important steps to preventing a criminal record is to educate yourself about the law. Knowing the different laws and regulations in Ontario will help you to avoid actions that could lead to criminal charges. The Criminal Code of Canada is the primary law governing criminal offences in the country. It defines various criminal offences and outlines the punishments for each. Understanding the law can help you to make better decisions and avoid situations that could lead to criminal charges. To ensure a well-rounded educational experience, we suggest this external source packed with supplementary and pertinent data. Delve into this valuable article, discover new viewpoints on the topic covered.
Seek Legal Advice
If you are unsure about the legality of any activity or have been charged with a crime, seeking legal advice can be immensely helpful. A lawyer can help you to understand the charges against you and guide you through the legal process. They can also negotiate plea deals or work to have charges reduced or dropped altogether. Even if you cannot afford a lawyer, you may be eligible for legal aid or other types of free legal assistance. It's important to know your rights and options when facing potential criminal charges.
If you have been charged with a crime, taking responsibility for your actions can go a long way in preventing a criminal record. Showing remorse, making amends, and taking steps to ensure you do not repeat the offence may help to reduce the severity of your charges or even have them withdrawn. It's important to be honest and forthcoming with authorities, as lying or attempting to cover up your actions can make the situation worse.
Avoid Problematic Behaviours
Some behaviours are more likely to result in criminal charges than others. Avoiding these behaviours can help you to maintain a clean record. Some of the most common actions that can lead to criminal charges include drug use or possession, impaired driving, assault, theft, and fraud. If you are struggling with any of these issues, seeking help from a professional or community organization can help you to avoid criminal charges and get the support you need. Interested in further exploring the topic discussed in this article? Learn more from this external source, packed with supplementary and useful information to enhance your reading.
Preventing a criminal record in Ontario is an important goal for anyone who wants to protect their future opportunities and freedoms. By understanding the law, seeking legal advice, taking responsibility for your actions, and avoiding problematic behaviours, you can reduce your risk of criminal charges and maintain a clean record.
Deepen your research with the related links below:


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Geotechnical Aspects of Strontia Springs Arch Damby Nathan R. Hopton, Harza Engineering Co, Chicago, IL, USA,
Farrukh M. Mazhar, (M.ASCE), Harza Engineering Co, Chicago, IL, USA,
Document Type: Proceeding Paper
Part of: Hydropower: Recent Developments
Abstract: The bedrock at the Strontia Springs damsite consists of generally excellent quality granitic and metamorphic rock, except for a wide shear zone located beneath the dam in the lower valley and upstream of the dam in the abutments. This shear zone forms the major geologic weakness at the site, necessitating special slope and foundation treatment designs. These special considerations include multirow grout curtains, a multirow drain curtain, extensive rock bolting and shotcrete measures in rock excavation slopes and close monitoring during operation of the project. The details of the foundation treatment design and construction are discussed, and the results of monitoring during construction are presented.
Subject Headings: Foundation design | Slopes | Earthfill dams | Grouting | Drainage | Riprap | Excavation | Foundation construction
Services: Buy this book/Buy this article
Return to search


SECTION 309 CrPC - Code of Criminal Procedure - Power to postpone or adjourn proceedings
 1. In every inquiry or trial the proceedings shall be continued from day-to-day until all the witnesses in attendance have been examined, unless the Court finds the adjournment of the same beyond the following day to be necessary for reasons to be recorded;
 Provided that when the inquiry or trial relates to an offence under section 376, section 376A, section 376B, section 376C or section 376D of the Indian Penal Code, the inquiry or trial shall, as far as possible be completed within a period of two months from the date of filing of the charge sheet.1
 2. If the Court after taking cognizance of an offence, or commencement of trial, finds it necessary or advisable to postpone the commencement of, or adjourn, any inquiry or trial, it may, from time to time, for reasons to be recorded, postpone or adjourn the same on such terms as it thinks fit, for such time as it considers reasonable, and may by a warrant remand the accused if in custody:
 Provided further that when witnesses are in attendance no adjournment or postponement shall be granted, without examining them, except for special reasons to be recorded in writing:
 Provided also that -
 1. no adjournment shall be granted at the request of a party, except where the circumstances are beyond the control of that party;
 2. the fact that the pleader of a party is engaged in another Court, shall not be a ground for adjournment;
 3. where a witness is present in Court but a party or his pleader is not present or the party or his pleader though present in Court, is not ready to examine or cross-examine the witness, the Court may, if thinks fit, record the statement of the witness and pass such orders as it thinks fit dispensing with the examination-in-chief or cross-examination of the witness, as the case may be.
 2. The terms on which an adjournment or postponement may be granted in include, in appropriate cases, the payment of costs by the prosecution or the accused.
1 Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013


Adding Object to the Hierarchy
Once you have configured the hierarchy (set up where in the hierarchy each object type will go), you can start adding the actual objects. To do that, you must create a new root object type, which represents the beginning of the hierarchy.
 1. On the toolbar, click New and select your root object type. In our example it will be Production.
 2. In the Create a new… section, enter the details.
 3. Click Save to finalise.
 4. Now you will be able to add the next level of objects to the hierarchy. In our example the next level of objects will be 'Series'. In order to add the next level of objects, there will be a button as shown below. In our example the button will be an Add Series button, as we have specified that the 'Series' object type is always a child of the 'Production' object type. Your button may read something like "Add Episode" or "Add Media Asset" depending on the object type you have chosen.
 5. Once you have clicked the Add… button, you will be taken to the Create a new… screen, where you can add the details for that specific object. So in our case, we will add the details for a Series.
 6. Click Save.
 7. The object, (in this case, a new Series) is added to the hierarchy.
 8. If you click on the object you have just added (in this case 'Series') you will see an Add… button which allows you to add an object to the next level of the hierarchy.


Poor Curiosity, all alone out there in the vast Martian wastelands with no one to hang out with on its first birthday. So what's an intrepid rover to do? Sing "Happy Birthday" to itself, that's what.
In commemoration of Curiosity's first year on Mars, NASA transmitted instructions to the rover's SAM (Sample Analysis Instrument) module. This device can create audible tones by resonating at varying frequencies. Normally, the resonance helps SAM to filter finely-grounded samples of the Martian surface for analysis.
But in this case, by sending a series of frequencies that corresponded to "Happy Birthday," Curiosity was essentially able to "sing" (or hum, I suppose) the song to itself.
Which is actually kinda cool if you think about it. Though no one was there to hear it — and it would have sounded very faint given the thin Martian air — this famous song was actually performed on the Martian surface.


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On Maps and Manoeuvres: The Challenge of Mapping Waterloo
This paper looks at the historical inertia which builds once a description of a battle has been put on paper and how that leads to that description being accepted unquestioningly and passed down from historian to historian, unaltered, without ever being touched by original research. By using original documents, this article uses an example from possibly the best documented battle of all times: Waterloo. This example shows how difficult it is to replicate a battle in a map. It also shows how, in some circumstance, the published maps are misleading rather than informative.
Copyright (c) 2016 Kenton White
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.


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"The Leander cradle is a cradle that does not stand on the floor. I have created it so it can be suspended from the ceiling. Four straps are gathered into one point, either in a hook in the ceiling or in a stand made especially for the cradle.
I came up with the idea when my sister-in-law had twins and it was difficult to take care of both children simultaneously. I discovered that by suspending a cradle from one point, it was easy to rock the one child with just a nudge with the elbow and hold the other child at the same time.
Suspending the cradle meant that the cradle does not just swing in one direction and the movements become calm and free so they resemble the movements the child experienced in his or her mother's tummy. At the same time, the cradle is easy to set into motion. It is developed for the child's body awareness, to experience that he or she can make the cradle move.
The free way in which the cradle moves helps to stimulate the child's sense of orientation. The sense is in the inner ear and it is not only crucial to our balance. It tells us about the body's position in relation to the surroundings and about direction and speed so, for example, we know how we should place ourselves when we are to catch a ball. It also helps the brain to sort out the many impressions so we can concentrate better.
The sense of orientation also contributes to strengthening the body's muscles in relation to balance. If the sense is poorly developed, the child has difficulty sitting on a chair and it can be difficult to concentrate on learning."


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Students will use the Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial quarter to learn about Commander Perry and the International Peace Memorial.
Read the March Coin of the Month to learn about Commander Perry and the International Peace Memorial. As a class, discuss unique features of this memorial. Record the student responses on chart paper.
Using available online and classroom resources, have the students research details of the International Peace Memorial, accomplishments of Commander Perry, and key events of the Battle of Lake Erie. Invite the students to work in groups and use a graphic organizer to illustrate and record their findings. Have the students create a script highlighting an aspect of their research, then perform their script as a park ranger might deliver a living history demonstration (in character for the period).
Make a Connection
Do you know that we have a collection of lesson plans based on the America the Beautiful Quarters® Program for educators and students to enjoy? Lesson plans for grades K through 12 are available online for free. Be sure to use this program to explore the rich history of our national sites with your students.
Content Related Links


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Publisher: Newrome Press
Author: Hieromonk Gregorios
Dimensions: 6.75" x 9.5"
Format/Cover Type: Softcover
Description: Learn about the wonders of the Divine Liturgy!
- What is the Divine Liturgy?
- What happens if we are lazy about attending Church?
- What happens during the Proskomide?
- Why is the Gospel Book closed during the Small Entrance?
- What does the Great Entrance symbolize?
- What is the Trisagion Hymn?
- What doors are referred to in the exclamation " e doors, the doors, in wisdom let us
- When are the bread and wine transformed into the Body and Blood of Christ?
- What is the wonder-working power of Holy Communion?
- What is antidoron?
Christ Amongst Us: An Easy to Understand Commentary on the Divine Liturgy
- Brand: Newrome Press
- Product Code: 383415
- Availability: 3


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We are delighted to have some new activities for visitors of all ages to enjoy in our churchyard, which are all about Mary.
On the trees in the churchyard you will find 10 posters about Mary. They highlight some of the extraordinary events in her life.
Many of the posters will have quizzes for you to enjoy. You may need a piece of paper and pen (or a smartphone) to make a note of your answers. The answers can be found on another tree … so don't look at that until you've done all the quizzes!
Finally … each of the 10 posters has an animal, insect, flower or object hidden in it – identified by a blue dot. The initial letters of all these can be made into a 10-letter word.
In the churchyard
There are 12 figures of Mary to find around the churchyard: painted stones, clay figures, cross stitch and small dolls. See if you can find all 12
Try and find the name Mary on some of the tombstones. There are 6 to find. Each one has a marker so you know you have found it!
Walk the hay bales as you go on a journey with Mary
In the church
Go into the church. You will find a container with pieces of fabric to take away and decorate. Return your artwork so we can make some bunting for our Mary Festival on 6th September
How many pictures of Mary can you find on the walls, in the windows and elsewhere?
Enjoy spending time with Mary, at St Mary's


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- JUST FOR POSITION DO NOT DELETE
Location:Palace of Prolonging Happiness (Yanxi gong)
Dates: 2015-09-30 through 2016-08-31
The "Ru kilns" mentioned in ancient documents refer to the kilns that produced sky-blue glazed celadons exclusively for imperial use during the Northern Song dynasty. The "Ru kilns" are considered to be among the five great kilns of China together with the Guan (official), Ge, Ding and Jun kilns. In fact, the Ru kilns are also sometimes called the "Ru official kilns." The site is located in Qingliangsi Village, Daying Town, Baofeng County, Pingdingshan City, Henan Province.
The Ru kilns were ranked first among the five great kilns by later generations, in large part, because the light sky-blue glaze applied to elegant Ru porcelains appealed to the aesthetic tastes of ancient literati and scholar-officials. The defining characteristics of Ru porcelain include an elegant shape, incense-gray paste, and light sky-blue glaze. Ru ware was typically placed on a support during the firing process to ensure the porcelain foot could be glazed as well, thus leaving small spur marks. Another common feature of Ru ware is the fine broken-ice crackle pattern found on the glazed surface.
Due to the short period of production and great difficulty in firing, only a small number of Ru porcelains have been preserved today. Available statistics reveal that intact Ru ware in private/public collections around the world total less than 100 pieces.
To further advance research about the Ru kilns and to present a more complete picture of the Ru porcelains unearthed or preserved in private/public collections today, we hold this special exhibition and invite visitors to come and enjoy study these treasures.
Organiser: The Palace Museum
Co-organisers: British Museum
Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology
Baofeng County Cultural Heritage Management Bureau
Jilin Provincial Museum


ArgData
API Reference > 0.19 > TrackComputerCarBehavior
TrackComputerCarBehavior Class
Class that represents various computer car behavior as well as lap count.
Namespace: ArgData.Entities
Constructors
Name Description
TrackComputerCarBehavior() Initializes a new instance of TrackComputerCarBehavior.
Properties
Name Description
FormationLength Gets or sets the length (in track units) that computer cars will avoid steering left or right at the start of a race.
LateBrakingFactorNonRace Gets or sets the computer car late-braking factor in non-race sessions.
LateBrakingFactorRace Gets or sets the computer car late-braking factor in races.
LateBrakingFactorWetRace Gets or sets the computer car late-braking factor in wet races.
PowerFactor Gets or sets the computer car power factor.
StrategyChance Gets or sets the chance that this strategy is applied.
StrategyFirstPitStopLap Gets or sets the first lap that cars will start to pit.
UnknownData Gets or sets the unknown, possibly unused, data. Must be 16 bytes.


Carlo Ratti Carlo Ratti Keynotes
The engaging presentations by Carlo Ratti are founded upon his critically acclaimed career as an... Need Inspiration?
This Carlo Ratti Keynote Explores the Concept of Sensible Design
By: Jaime Neely - Published: • References: &
In this Carlo Ratti keynote, the architect and professor at MIT shares the advancements he and his team of research have made in the field of design. He and his team have achieved something he likes to call'sensible design.' He describes sensible design as a real-time control system made up of two parts including sensing and actuating. These systems become like computers in open air.
To demonstrate how this technology can serve a purpose, he shares with the audience a map that tracked the cell phone activity during the World Cup final in 2006. He then showed what happened when tracking chips were attached to pieces of trash; individuals witnessed their trash continuing to travel across the country, even after two months since having been discarded.
Ratti believes that sensible design will reveal more about our consumption behavior, motivating individuals to be more conscious of how they're using space and the things they are consuming. Stats for Interactive Architecture Trending: Older & Mild
Traction: 615 clicks in 153 w
Interest: > 3 minutes
Concept: Carlo Ratti Keynote
Related: 13 examples / 10 photos
Segment: Neutral, 18-55+
Comparison Set: 5 similar articles, including: inventing groundbreaking plans, electric building blocks, and resource-based economy.


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Автор: Board Jon
Раздел: Учебники: доп. пособия
|Под заказ. Поступление на склад 23.04.2017|
Cambridge Primary Science fully covers the Cambridge Primary Science curriculum framework. The course offers plenty of teaching ideas to give flexibility, allowing teachers to select activities most appropriate to their classroom and pupils. An enquiry-based style of teaching and learning is stimulated, with the Scientific Enquiry objectives integrated throughout to encourage learning of these skills alongside the scientific concepts. The language level is carefully pitched to be accessible to EAL/ESL learners, with concepts illustrated through diagrams to allow visual understanding and learning. There is dedicated support for practising scientific language and vocabulary. Comprehensive teaching support helps teachers to bring all elements of the course together in the classroom.
Цена 2 200 тг. за 1 штКоличество


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Wave Swell is a developer of world leading proprietary technology which works to convert the energy in ocean waves into clean and emissions free electricity
The Wave Swell Energy (WSE) technology is based on the well-established concept of the oscillating water column (OWC).
The OWC is an artificial blowhole consisting of a chamber that is open underneath the waterline. As waves pass the OWC, the water rises and falls inside, forcing the air to pass by a turbine at the top of the chamber. This turbine generates electricity.
Previous OWC technologies have all been bidirectional. The WSE technology, however, operates unidirectionally. This results in the WSE turbine being simpler, more robust and reliable, and exhibiting a higher energy conversion efficiency. The only moving parts in the technology are the turbine and bespoke valves, all of which are well above the water line. There are no moving parts in or below the water.
A world first project
WSE has deployed its 200kW wave energy project on King Island, Tasmania, adjacent to the harbour at the township of Grassy.
The unit was installed at Grassy, King Island, on January 10, 2021. It has since been commissioned, exporting its first power into the King Island grid on June 18, 2021. These are significant events for WSE's shareholders and stakeholders.
WSE has worked with Hydro Tasmania, the island's energy and network provider, to connect the unit to the local grid, and is now delivering energy from the project into the existing network. Hydro Tasmania will separately monitor the energy produced by the unit to ensure it meets the requirements of the King Island grid.
The wave energy produced will complement Hydro Tasmania's existing hybrid grid, further diversifying the renewable sources and reducing diesel consumption on King Island.
The UniWave200 is now contributing to the mix of energy resources used to power the homes and industries of King Island.
What is the King Island Project Expected to Achieve?
The primary purpose of Wave Swell Energy's (WSE) UniWave200 King Island project is to validate the models entailed in the various stages of the technology's power conversion process.
This will be achieved in a comprehensive "wave to wire" fashion via the following modules:
- wave to pneumatic power – by validating the Australian Maritime College (AMC) physical scale model testing results in a full-scale ocean environment
- pneumatic to mechanical power – by validating the turbine efficiency model via a full-scale WSE turbine operating in a UniWave200 device in the real ocean
- mechanical to grid – by validating the electrical model via a full-scale electrical system installed in a UniWave device operating in the real ocean
These results will provide WSE with a baseline and the tools and inputs from which to develop the technology further as part of Project Bluefire, the company's planned technology enhancement program.
The AMC model tests, conducted at the institution's test tank facilities in Launceston, provide a detailed matrix of pneumatic power1 production across a range of different combinations of model scale wave height and period2. The King Island unit is expected to encounter this same range of wave conditions at full scale at the Grassy site.
A direct comparison of the King Island unit's pneumatic power with the corresponding results of the AMC model tests will allow the confirmation of the UniWave200's pneumatic power performance matrix3.
The King Island project is also designed to confirm the performance and conversion efficiency of the WSE turbine4. This bespoke turbine has been designed by a leading expert in the field of turbine design, based in the US.
Additionally, the King Island project will provide data that enables a refinement of the WSE electrical control system. The purpose of this system is to efficiently convert the mechanical energy of the turbine shaft into electricity, minimising energy wastage, and maximising output. This electrical process incorporates a short-term storage facility, utilising state-of-the-art ultra-capacitors, to provide a smoother delivery of electrical energy to the grid.
When the pneumatic power, turbine conversion efficiency, and electrical conversion efficiency matrices are combined with the frequency of occurrence matrix5 for a given site, an accurate estimate of the unit's power production can then be calculated for that site. In this way, the results from the King Island project will make it possible to accurately predict the total conversion efficiency6 and power output of the WSE technology at any site in the world for which comprehensive wave data7 is available.
The validation and results from these three stages of the process, whereby energy from the waves is converted into electricity, will be the cornerstone of the inputs into Project Bluefire. The outcome of Project Bluefire is expected to be a more efficient and lower cost technology that is more widely applicable in terms of depth and geography.
Finally, the King Island project will be a tangible demonstration of the ability of the WSE unidirectional OWC technology8,9 to produce useable electrical energy capable of being incorporated into an island grid. It will also provide invaluable information and experience related to the unit's day-to-day and long-term operation and maintenance.
King Island was chosen as a project site for two primary reasons – the wave climate and Hydro Tasmania. The wave climate in the region is amongst the best in the world. And, Hydro Tasmania, being a world leader in the integration of renewables into island grids, provides the project with a virtually unparalleled level of relevant expertise. This will prove significant in demonstrating the technology's value to remote island grids.
Grassy, on the east coast of King Island, was chosen as the specific project site for additional reasons. As the main commercial harbour for the island, the general site already has the necessary electrical and other infrastructure required by the WSE project. And, being on the east coast of the island, the wave conditions that will be encountered are expected to cover the full range, from small to large, needed to validate the AMC model tests. Given this project involves a demonstration unit, there is as much to be learned from the operation and maintenance of the unit as there is from the production of power. The Grassy location provides the ideal conditions required for regular and easy access for operating the unit, as well as delivering the range of wave conditions necessary to fully test the device.
Importantly, the King Island project is not aimed at maximising the power production of the unit. Doing so would require a more energetic wave location, such as the west coast of the King Island. Future projects, incorporating the improvements from Project Bluefire, will be located in more energetic wave regimes to maximise energy production.
Glossary of Terms
- Pneumatic Power: Power measured at the pneumatic stage of the conversion chain given as the product of the volume flow rate (m^3/s) with the differential pressure (Pa) between the OWC chamber and atmosphere.
- Wave Height and Period: Wave height is the vertical distance between the wave crest and trough. Wave period is the time between two wave crests.
- Pneumatic Power Performance Matrix: A two-dimensional graphical representation of the pneumatic power (pressurised air flow) corresponding to the sea state (a combination of a specific wave height and period).The matrix normally consists of height on the vertical axis and period on the horizontal axis.
- Turbine Conversion Efficiency: The proportion of pneumatic power the rotating turbine converts to mechanical power.
- Frequency of Occurrence Matrix: For a given location, the frequency (how often) each sea state occurs is known as the Frequency of Occurrence Matrix.
- Total Conversion Efficiency: The proportion of wave power that is converted into electrical power across all stages of the energy conversion process.
- Wave Data: The sea state collected at a given location that allows for the Frequency of Occurrence Matrix to be populated (filled in).
- OWC (Oscillating Water Column): An oscillating water column consists of a large chamber that sits partially below the water and partially above, with a 'mouth' or entry duct open below the water line, and a small aperture open above. The chamber acts like an artificial blowhole, with energy from the waves entering and leaving the mouth, and energy in the air flow entering and leaving via the aperture, in which is housed a turbine.
- Unidirectional OWC: A variant of OWC technology that is unique to Wave Swell Energy and protected by an international patent. The technology enables simple rectification of air flow so that a more efficient and robust unidirectional air turbine can be used for pneumatic to mechanical energy conversion. Temporary energy storage in the water column is the key to why this concept works and explains why the energy is not being lost by venting the air chamber.
Wave Swell website


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Chapter 15 life at the turn of the 20th century section notes video life at the turn of the 20th century new immigrants urban life politics in the gilded age – a free powerpoint ppt presentation (displayed as a flash slide show) on powershowcom - id: 3b1989-nta5n. American labor in the 20th century homes at the turn of the century life span of individuals and have led to fewer and less severe illnesses. There were two technological innovations that profoundly changed daily life in the 19th century they were both "motive powers": steam and electricity.
Amazoncom: berkeley 1900: daily life at the turn of the century, 10th anniversary edition (9780967820446): richard schwartz: books. Read and download chapter 16 life at the turn of 20th century answers free ebooks in pdf format cam jansen the ghostly mystery 16 bad rap 16 heidi heckelbeck is the bestest. The turn of the century was a time of amazing growth and change for america you must first research his/her life and beliefs. At the turn of the century the life of a city: early films of new york, _PHONE_ - for teachers expert resources motion picture and.
Life at the turnlife at the turn of the 20of the 20thth centurycentury urbanization, new technologies,urbanization, new technologies, education, discrimination. Family life, 19th-century families breadwinner husband, fewer americans, pin money, barrooms, religious tracts only in the late 18th and early 19th centuries did ideas of affectionate marriages and loving, sentimental relations with children become dominant in american family life. Mr carr's class search this site navigation life at the turn of the 20th century to analyze significant turn-of-the-20 th-century trends in such areas as.
The growth of public schools • more than fifty percent of white children were attending public school, but a high school diploma was still the exception • students went to school to learn to read, write and „cipher‟ (do. This is a list of 25 technological inventions and advances from the 1890s the items on the list were chosen based on a wide range of criteria some were inventions that altered or enhanced quality of life at the turn of the century some were advances that we still rely on in the modern era and.
The nook book (ebook) of the new york life at the turn of the century in photographs by joseph byron at barnes & noble free shipping on $25 or more. Chapter 16 life at the turn of the century section 1: science and urban life section 2: expanding public education section 3: segregation and discrimination. Family life _PHONE_: by the turn of the twentieth century, more and more americans purchased what had been luxuries only a few decades earlier top of page. The life at the turn of the century chapter of this mcdougal littell the americans textbook companion course helps students learn the essential.
Online document catalogs chapter 16 life at the turn of 20th century chapter 16 life at the turn of 20th century - in this site is not the same as a answer encyclopedia you. Essential question: what were the significant trends in areas such as technology, education, race relations, and mass culture at the turn of the 20th century. Turn of the century, in its broadest sense, refers to the transition from one century to another the term is most often used to indicate a distinctive time period either before or after the beginning of a century or both before and after.
Vintage photos of new york city at the turn of the century new york was a lot different back then without the taxis, mta and $1 pizza joints. Chapter 16: life at the turn of the 20th century new technologies improve urban living and a modern mass culture emerges reforms in public education raise literacy rates african americans work to end legal discrimination. Q when talking about "the turn of the century" (from 1899 to 1900), should it be "the turn of the nineteenth century" or "the turn of the twentieth century". Chapter 16: uncovering problems at the turn of the century while many americans enjoyed the benefits of urban life in 1900 turn of the century.Download


text:
School nurse collaboration to provide evidence based flouride varnish for high caries risk students and referral for restorative dental care
Trost, Michelle Louise.
MetadataShow full item record
Despite improvements in public health dentistry, low-income children continue to experience dental caries at higher rates than their counterparts. Commonly cited factors that impede low-income families from obtaining dental care include difficulty getting time off from work, lack of transportation or childcare, and lack of knowledge regarding the importance of oral health care. Community-based approaches to reduce caries rates, such as school-based dental sealant programs, are gaining popularity. School nurses can have an instrumental role in improving oral health access within their schools by collaborating with personnel from these programs to perform assessments, case-finding, and fluoride varnish application with increased frequency. Utilizing dental sealant program screening data from a low-income elementary school, school nurses identified students at highest risk for dental caries (N = 98) and offered a repeat application of fluoride varnish six months following the initial screening and application. In addition, school nurses utilized the screening data to identify students with untreated decay (N = 49). Those students who had not obtained professional dental care following the initial screening were offered referral to an onsite mobile dental van for professional restorative care. The results of this project indicated that school nurses can successfully enhance fluoride protection and improve access to preventive and professional oral health care for children attending low-income schools.


text:
Mini symbols provide read-only access to the symbol table. They use less memory space, but require more time to access. They can be useful for tools like nm or objdump, which may have to handle symbol tables of extremely large executables.
bfd_read_minisymbols function will read the symbols
into memory in an internal form. It will return a
pointer to a block of memory, a symbol count, and the size of
each symbol. The pointer is allocated using
should be freed by the caller when it is no longer needed.
bfd_minisymbol_to_symbol will take a pointer
to a minisymbol, and a pointer to a structure returned by
bfd_make_empty_symbol, and return a
The return value may or may not be the same as the value from
bfd_make_empty_symbol which was passed in.


Archive for February 2nd, 2006
February 2, 2006
Enriched is the woman; man; child, who…
by Rod Smith
1. Enriched is the woman who knows she never has to participate in sexual activity that she, herself, does not want; who knows that her body is her own and private temple which she shares, even in marriage, only when it is by her own sacred and deliberate choice.
2. Enriched is the woman who does not lose herself in her marriage, or to motherhood, and in taking care of her family, but is able to develop a strong sense of self even while being a loving wife, mother and friend.
3. Enriched is the woman who does not put up with poor manners (being taken for granted, being sworn at, being victimized both verbally and physically) from anyone: not husband, children, in-laws, siblings, or her parents, but who appropriately, and sufficiently values herself and therefore does not tolerate those who do not treat her very well.
4. Enriched is the woman who lives above manipulation, domination and intimidation; whose relationships are pure and open, and within which she maintains a strong and valued voice.
1. Enriched is the man who treats others with kindness beyond their deserving. He is generous with family and strangers and he seeks the highest good for all, knowing that the wisdom he exercises in his daily life positively impacts people around him. He regards faithfulness with high regard. The very thought of betraying his family by committing some moral indiscretion deeply unsettles his peace.
2. Enriched is the man who does not play "one-up" games. He applauds the success of others. He takes no delight in the hardships, losses, or pain others endure. He is more committed to being patient, kind and hardworking, than he is committed to being rich or to displaying symbols of success.
3. Enriched is the man who would rather lose at a sporting event than he would cheat in order to appear to have won. While he can be fiercely competitive and loves to win, he watches his behavior, treasuring his valued reputation.
4. Enriched is the man who can drink without becoming drunk; enjoy good humor without resorting to the ridicule of others.
5. Enriched is the man who pauses momentarily, quite regularly, in order to acknowledge his joy at being a man. He treasures his role as one who carries love, truth and kindness to all within his circle of influence.
6. Enriched is the man who can delay gratification in all areas of his life. He does not crave gratification when is is at the cost of damaging his relationships, his finances or his integrity.
1. Enriched is the child who has never seen a parent drunk, or a parent vent their anger, use profanity, drive aggressively, behave violently, or use racial slurs.
2. Enriched is the child who does not have to worry about a gambling father wasting necessary family resources, or worry that a mother might not return home after a night on the town.
3. Enriched is the child who hears parents laughing with each other both day and night, and who hears the sounds of joy and celebration expressed by his parents.
4. Enriched is the child whose family puts off the TV for weeks on end, who takes walks with his family, who cooks meals from scratch with his family.
5. Enriched is the child whose family reads novels and who sit around a table discussing what each person is reading.
6. Enriched is the child who has a peaceful home where the only bickering is about who is funniest.
7. Enriched is child who hears "I love you" from a caring, non-possessive parents whom the child knows, expect nothing in return.
8. Enriched in the child who rests peacefully each night in a warm safe bed.
February 2, 2006
Living with "packed bags"…
by Rod Smith
Some troubled couples seeking therapy are highly motivated. They are willing to do whatever it takes to rediscover each other. They are each ready to address their conflicts, hurts, disappointment or whatever it is that drives them to professional help. Other couples, by the time they call a therapist, have already reached a point of such distraction that divorce seems to be their only viable option.
Both of these couples can be helped. People can overcome seemingly impossible obstacles, and discover each other afresh, if they were willing to learn and willing to act upon very basic, tried principles of healthy relationships.
Then, and very sadly, some couples seek therapy when one person is already living with packed bags. The spouse has already "checked out" of the marriage, is already resigned to the failure of the relationship, yet agrees therapy in order to say that he or she tried to get help but help didn't work. This is of course, is a waste of everyone's time.
The motivated couple, and the desperate couple, are each, closer to resolution and to negotiating a working, loving marriage, than is a couple where one of the partners is already living with packed bags.
February 2, 2006
Reader challenges column about daughter/mom "secret" that excludes dad…
by Rod Smith
"You said (The Mercury, January 30, 2006) that a mother must tell her daughter to speak to her father about a relationship she has that the father thinks is already broken up. You said the mother was 'in the middle' when really I think she was being a friend to her daughter. Can a mother and daughter not have secrets with each other?"
A parent's primary relationship is with the spouse, not with the children. The only exceptions are when a parent is violent, cruel or sexually inappropriate with a child.
It is appropriate that mothers and daughters share secrets, but helping a young daughter hide a relationship of which the father does not approve, is not sharing a secret, but participating in deceit.
The parent, if you take a close look at the dynamics, is being pulled into a giant triangle and the parent becomes trapped by the "secret." In desiring to please her daughter, the mother stands to alienate her husband. If she is honest with her husband, she lets her daughter down. The kinds of healthy secrets mothers and daughters share do not serve to trap anyone into silence or deceit. Healthy secrets create no victims.
Talking with her father might be difficult for this young girl to do….. but it is a very necessary part of growing up.


News Home
University of Adelaide researchers find link between premature birth and phthalates used in plastics
AM By Tom Nightingale
Pregnant women are being advised to avoid plastics used in cling wrap, shampoo and computer cables, after a new US study found a link between premature birth and chemicals known as phthalates.
The study, published today in the Paediatrics Journal of the American Medical Association, suggests women should avoid certain types of plastics during pregnancy.
Professor Sarah Robertson, from the University of Adelaide, says the study will help explain how environment factors are contributing to the rise in pre-term births.
Premature births are increasingly common in Australia and in other developed countries.
The study analysed the urine of pregnant women for phthalates, which are used to make plastics flexible.
"Lots of cosmetics and body lotions and shampoos and conditioners, in containers and gladwrap, in cables for our computers, they are present in lots and lots of different plastic compounds," Professor Robertson said.
"The chances of pre-term was increased by five times if the woman had high levels of these compounds in her urine. So that actually provides really a very strong linkage or association."
Pregnant women told not to panic
However she is warning pregnant women not to panic.
"What it doesn't show is that the chemicals are causing the pre-term birth and that's where you need extra information," Professor Robertson said.
"That can come from animal studies or studies in the laboratory."
Previous research has also identified a health risk with phthalates.
The Australian Government bans some children's toys which contain higher levels of one phthalate.
Professor Robertson suggests pregnant women make food fresh at home, rather than buying packaged food.
"It's recommended, as we know, that women who are pregnant have a lot of fresh food in their diet and that they avoid a lot of processed food," she said.
"So for example, buying fresh food that isn't wrapped in plastic and doesn't come in packaged or coated in plastic wrapping would be one place to start.
"Another thing to do might be to reduce exposure to cosmetics and body lotions where it's clear that phthalates are part of the preparation of that material."
More research needed to assess impact of study
The research represents a departure from much of the current advice given to pregnant women in Australia.
The research is the largest study of its type. Professor Robertson says further work is needed to consider the evidence and the impact of the work.
"We need to look more closely at this," she said. "We can't tell people to completely remove their exposure to these things. That's impossible.
"But because people need to try and be as healthy as they can when they're pregnant, I think it's sensible to say, 'look, if there's a choice between buying a sandwich that's wrapped in gladwrap and making a fresh sandwich at home in the kitchen, it's better to avoid the packaging and eat the fresh food'."
Professor Michael Permezel, president of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians, says there has been a significant amount of research done on phthalates over many years.
This was the first to establish a clear link.
"So one has to be very cautious before any pregnant woman, or any other member of the community, becomes alarmed about phthalates," he said.
"If there's an effect there, it's very small. But happily, it just confirms the advice that most doctors would be giving their patients - that is to eat healthily, avoid excessively fatty foods and try and have some fresh fruit rather than packaged foods."
More Stories


text: The Braford Cattle Breed was created to consistently and efficiently produce a uniform product in challenging production environments. In 1947, Alto Adams Jr worked with a base herd of Brahman cows that were primarily Partin and Hudgins breeding. He began using Hereford bulls on his St. Lucie county, Florida ranch. The resulting steer and heifer calves were outstanding, but, the Hereford bulls required to produce those calves had extreme problems with feet, eyes and general livability. He quickly realized that using Hereford bulls, that were not adapted to South Florida, was simply not economically feasible and so he began experimenting with various types of Brahman-Hereford cross bulls. Eventually he was able to identify Braford bulls that were producing the calves that met his needs and he used these bulls and their offspring to form what is recognized as the Foundation Herd of the Braford breed in the United States.


Laser Cutting With Rayjet 300 & Adobe Illustrator
Introduction: Laser Cutting With Rayjet 300 & Adobe Illustrator
A method for cutting/engraving designs using Adobe Illustrator and the RayJet 300.
Step 1: Fire It Up!
Turn on the laser (switch is on the back of the machine) and place your stock material on the cutting table
Step 2: Import or Create a Design
While you can certainly create a design to laser within Illustrator, I decided to export a face from a part I was designing in Fusion 360 as a .dxf file. (Laser cutting your parts is WAY faster than 3D printing and can be WAY more accurate).
If you load in a design, make sure the scaling is "1:1" and the units match up. I tend to not center my imported parts because I often have to move them around anyway.
Step 3: Prepare Your Design
We need to adjust a few things on the design so that the laser behaves the way we want. Specifically, we need to make sure that the line color and stroke size are set in such a way that the laser's control software knows to cut along these lines--as opposed to engraving.
As pictured above, set your stroke color to Red and your stroke size to 0.03mm --the RayJet will only cut along "hairlines" such as 0.03mm
**Note, if you were both cutting and engraving within the same design, you would set any engraving line's stroke color to Black
Step 4: Export Your Design
Save your design as a PDF file and put it on a USB drive so that you can load it onto the computer acting as a control for the laser. (skip this step if you are designing and controlling the laser from the same machine)
Step 5: Send Design to Laser
Open you PDF file in Acrobat Reader. Click on "Print" and select the "Properties" button.
Step 6: Laser Properties
When you click on "Properties" a menu with many options appears. Make sure that the following are set:
-Material Thickness
Under the "Red" tab (you may add more tabs):
-Power 100%
-Speed 1% ...for engraving this can be faster, but cutting needs to be very slow.
If you were using multiple colors for different types of cut/engraving, you would adjust each accordingly. For example, if you needed to engrave Black lines you would switch the settings under it's tab to "engrave" "power: 90%", and "speed: 10%"
Step 7: Finalize Settings
In the next menu screen, the default settings tend to work well. Just make sure check the box for "Cutting Table" if you have one in.
Finally, look over the settings in the last menu screen and hit "Process" in the bottom right-hand corner to apply the setting to the job.
Lastly, hit "Print" back in Acrobat Reader and you're good to go!
Step 8: Enjoy the Magic of LASERS!
Be the First to Share
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 Discussions


operation count
Author Message
 operation count
Hi,
Is there any freely available program that would return the operation
count and memory requirements of a given C application (source code
split across different source files)?
Thanks
Sorel
--
Sat, 18 Jan 2003 03:00:00 GMT
 operation count
Quote:
> Is there any freely available program that would return the operation
> count and memory requirements of a given C application (source code
> split across different source files)?
Memory requirements of any program in a sufficiently powerful
programming language are generally impossible to predict, because of
Turing's "Halting Problem". Operation count has that problem, too, if
you meant 'count of operations performed', instead of 'count of
operations present in the source code'.
--
Even if all the snow were burnt, ashes would remain.
--
Sun, 19 Jan 2003 03:00:00 GMT
 operation count
Quote:
>Is there any freely available program that would return the operation
>count and memory requirements of a given C application (source code
>split across different source files)?
SHORT ANSWER:
If there is, it doesn't always work.
LONG ANSWER:
In general, it is impossible to determine the memory
requirements of a program without running it to completion.
Consider this simple (untested) program:
/*********************************************
Read an entire file from standard input and
write it out to standard output, in reverse.
*********************************************/
#include <stdio.h>
void
reverse(void)
{
 int c;
 c = getchar();
 if (c != EOF) {
 /* We haven't reached the end of input yet,
 so recursively call reverse() to get more.
 */
 reverse();
 }
 /* We've finished reading input and are now popping
 our way out of the recursive calls,
 producing output on the way.
 */
 putch(c);
Quote:
}
int
main(void)
{
 reverse();
 return (0);
Quote:
}
/********* end of example program *********/
How much memory does it require? Every function call
requires some storage (usually on a stack) for information
required to return to the caller (e.g., return address,
saved register values).
The reverse() function calls itself recursively, using a
little more memory with each call. There is no way to
tell from the source code how deep that recursion may
become, so there is no way to tell how much memory the
program will require.
Recursion isn't the only feature that can lead to
unpredictable memory requirements. Dynamic memory
allocation can too.
The memory requirements for this example program can be
stated as a linear function of the number of input
characters, but it is possible to create a program whose
behavior is not even predictable in that sense - a program
whose behavior can't be predicted even when its inputs are
known.
There is a famous theoretical problem in computer science
called "The Halting Problem":
 Given a program (including all its input data),
 figure out if it ever finishes running.
Sound easy? It turns out that _in_general_ it is
impossible - not just hard, _impossible_.
Of course, most real-world programs are special cases that
are deliberately designed to be sure that they do or don't
halt, according to requirements. (But how often do we see
a program in development unexpectedly contain an infinite
loop? We try to write software in well-lit clearings, but
the dark forest of intractability is all around,
and beasts of chaos lurk nearer than we ken.)
Even for programs that have predictable memory requirements
(many do), those requirements are implementation-specific.
-- Gary Culp
-- Keil Software (_URL_)
--
Sun, 19 Jan 2003 03:00:00 GMT

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text:
Nurse shortage threatens Florida | Commentary
The COVID-19 pandemic has been devastating and demoralizing to people in all walks of life but nurses carry a heavier burden than most.
Nurses been on the front lines caring for hospitalized COVID patients separated from their loved ones, making the job even harder. Just when it seemed like the pandemic was winding down, the delta variant of the virus spread largely through the unvaccinated population and caused a summer surge in cases. It is no wonder why so many nurses feel burned out.
The rest of us owe a debt of gratitude to nurses and other front-line health care workers, which we can help repay by being vaccinated and taking other precautions to prevent yet another wave of cases. But keeping nurses in the profession and recruiting new nurses will require more, especially as Florida's aging population increase the demand.
'At the breaking point':Nursing shortages strain Palm Beach County hospitals
Florida had a shortfall of nurses even before the pandemic that will only increase in the next decade, according to a recent report commissioned by the Florida Hospital Association and the Safety Net Hospital Alliance of Florida. The report found that Florida will face a shortfall of 59,100 nurses by 2035.
The groups recommend addressing the shortage through expanding nursing schools and increasing the number of nurse faculty opportunities. Other recommendations include improving the passage rates of nurse licensing exams — which Florida ranks toward the bottom in nationally — and increasing funding for recruiting nurses from outside the state.
Already Florida has become the nation's top destination for travel nurses, who come from other states and get paid a premium. Travel nurses make an average $3,058 a week in Florida, up from $1,744 in September 2020, with some night shift positions topping $6,000 a week, according to data cited in a recent article from the Naples Daily News.
'An insane amount of money':Demand for travel nurses raises concerns of price gouging
The lucrative pay for travel nurses nationally compounds the nursing shortage in Florida. The state's hospitals must make sure that nurses from their own communities are getting the compensation and treatment required to keep them in those locations rather than seeking opportunities elsewhere.
Nurses needed in 2035 just entered kindergarten this fall. So, Florida needs to get to work fixing the problems preventing residents from entering and staying in the nursing profession, to keep the nursing shortfall from reaching catastrophic levels in the years to come.


Continuously Variable Emission for Mechanical Deformation Induced Radiative Cooling
Dynamically tuning thermal emittance induced by reconfigurable photonic metamaterials through nanoscale mechanical deformation.
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Read the paper
The concept of this work arose from a well-known technology of "Continuously Variable Transmission" in the automotive industry. The question here is "How can people tune thermal emittance in a similar manner?" The authors were genuinely intrigued by a similar context and then developed this novel technology of "Continuously Variable Emission."
The growing demand for thermal comfort boosts the increase in the consumption of various energy sources for cooling and heating and exerts enormous stress on electricity systems over the world. Nearly 20% of the total electricity is used by air conditioners or electric fans to regulate the temperature of buildings to be comfortable. Coincidently, the peak wavelength (∼ 9.7 µm) of blackbody radiation for objects on Earth (∼ 300 K) coincides with the atmospheric highly transparent window (8 µm ∼ 13 µm) that scarcely absorbs infrared thermal radiation. Therefore, terrestrial objects can naturally radiate thermal energy to the outer space (∼ 3 K) through the atmospheric window and hence lower their temperature, which is called passive radiative cooling.
In the past years, Prof. Yi Zheng's Nano Energy Laboratory at Northeastern University has studied effective passive daytime radiative cooling materials such as spectrally selective metalized polymer thin film and cellulose fiber-based-composites that exhibit high reflectance in the solar wavelengths and high emittance over the atmospheric transparent window. These materials provide us alternatives for applications of radiative cooling, temperature regulation without energy consumption, and sustainable cooling throughout the day. They can be used for static radiative cooling systems that can effectively save energy in summer; however, the cooling functionality will increase the energy consumption for heating in winter.
To overcome this difficulty, Prof. Zheng's group conceptively proposes a reconfigurable nanophotonic structure for mechanical deformation induced radiative cooling basing on the continuously variable emission in the atmospheric window to attain diverse desired stagnation temperatures. The proposed reconfigurable nanophotonic structure consists of one layer of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) thin film embedded with three species of nanoparticles: silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (Si3N4), and boron nitride (BN), and a one-dimensional rectangular grating of PDMS coated with silver (Ag) thin film beneath the top PDMS layer. Different strains of the nanophotonic structure yield various stagnation temperatures. The dynamic tuning of the precisely-controlled mechanical deformation will result in fluctuational temperature control of the nanophotonic structure around a set temperature. This elastic material based nanophotonic structure sheds light on the dynamic regulations of thermal emission.
Figure: Thermal regulation mechanism of the reconfigurable photonic structure. a, Case I: the structure has high solar reflectivity Rsolar that reflects most of the solar irradiance and has high emissivity εIR in the atmospheric window that can radiate heat out to the outer space when it is released. b, Case II: it keeps unchanged high solar reflectivity Rsolar, while the emissivity εIR is reduced since the PDMS layer gets elongated and thinner and the period of the onedimensional PDMS layer is increased due to the stretching, but the width of the Ag grating structure does not change. c, Schematic showing the concept of mechanical deformation induced "ON"/ "OFF" mode radiative cooling. The blue shading area displays the infrared atmospheric transparent window. The inset shows different stagnation temperatures under various strains of the nanophotonic structure.
For more information please check out our article "Continuously variable emission for mechanical deformation induced radiative cooling" published in Communications Materials, 1, 95 (2020).
Yi Zheng
Associate Professor, Northeastern University
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