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Model calibration example
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This page demonstrate an example application of jEPlus+EA for model calibration. The example is based on mocked data, in which the "measurements" are in fact simulation output of a special case of the same model. Obviously model calibration involves many practical yet challenging issues that have not been considered here. This simple example is only for the purpose of demonstrating the ability and the process of jEPlus+EA searching for parameter values that match the "measurement" data.
Building model and output data
The building models used in this example are the UK office building archetypal models that are available to download from the example projects section on this website.
The building models
The building models
There are four based building models, representing different geometries and internal layouts of small to median sized office buildings. Design parameters included in the models are orientation, glazing ratio, glazing coating options, overhang options, daylight controls, HVAC systems, and building fabrics. The choice of parameters is atypical to calibration applications, as the values of these parameters are normally easy to determine. However, from the optimisation algorithm's point of view, these parameters are discrete and potentially make the problem harder to solve.
Hourly meter data and RVI
The models are configured to report hourly meter data on electricity, (district) heating and cooling consumption, as shown in the IDF segment below.
!- =========== ALL OBJECTS IN CLASS: OUTPUT:METER ===========
 Output:Meter,InteriorLights:Electricity,Hourly;
 Output:Meter,InteriorEquipment:Electricity,Hourly;
 Output:Meter,Heating:DistrictHeating,Hourly;
 Output:Meter,Cooling:DistrictCooling,Hourly;
 Output:Meter,Fans:Electricity,Hourly;
 Output:Meter,Pumps:Electricity,Hourly;
The corresponding RVI file for extracting simulation output to a csv table using E+'s ReadVarsESO tool is as below:
eplusout.eso
eplusout.csv
InteriorLights:Electricity
InteriorEquipment:Electricity
Heating:DistrictHeating
Cooling:DistrictCooling
Fans:Electricity
Pumps:Electricity
0
After running simulation and calling ReadVars, the CSV table of the hourly meter reading is like this:
Result table
The "measurement" data
The "measurement" data is in fact the model output of a selected simulation case. In this way, we dodged many real life complications such as data quality. It also makes it clear what is the solution we are looking, i.e. the case that has been used for generating the "measurement" data. The selected case is building model #2, orientation 0, glazing ratio 0.25, non-reflective coating, no overhang, no daylight control, radiant heating/cooling with aluminium panels, no insulation in the building fabrics and single glazing.
In jEPlus you can select and run a particular case in the whole project by fixing on the parameter values, as shown in the screenshot below. Alternatively, you can specify the case in a job list file to execute.
Select case to run
Evaluating simulation errors
Each simulation run will generate a set of hourly meter data from the model. These will be collected with ReadVars into a CSV table. We now need a utility to read this table and compare it with the reference data generated using the selected case. Writing a Python script would be a nice and easy way to do this.
The Python script
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import csv
import sys
# This file should be run within each job folder
# Arguments:
# sys.argv[1] - project's base folder where the project files, including
# the reference data file, are located
# sys.argv[2] - output folder of the project where job folders are located
# sys.argv[3] - user-defined output table name + .csv
# sys.argv[4] - Other arguments specified in the RVX file, in this case,
# the input table file name without extension, followed by
# the reference data file name. ("HourlyMeters;ref_jess.csv")
# function which calculates the root mean square error
def rmse_function(observed, predicted, N):
 error = observed - predicted
 sqerror = error ** 2
 sumsqerror = np.sum(sqerror)
 meansqerror = sumsqerror / N
 rmse = np.sqrt(meansqerror)
 return rmse

# This script takes
args = sys.argv[4].split(';')
# Read data from the reference file (paths and file name passed in through arguments)
refdata = pd.read_csv(sys.argv[1] + args[1])
in_file = sys.argv[2] + args[0] + ".csv"
indata = pd.read_csv(in_file)
rowcolno = indata.shape
heading = list(refdata.ix[:1]) #take heading row from the reference file

outname = sys.argv[3] # output file name from the parameter passed to the script
rmsedata = ["AAA"]

for column in range(1, rowcolno[1]):
 observed = np.array(refdata.iloc[:, column])
 predicted = np.array(indata.iloc[:, column])

 rmse = rmse_function(observed, predicted, rowcolno[0])
 rmsedata.append(rmse)
rmsedata = rmsedata
with open(outname, "w", newline='') as outfile:
 output=csv.writer(outfile)
 output.writerow(heading)
 output.writerow(rmsedata)
Testing Python script
jEPlus provides a facility for testing Python scripts to be used in result collection and post-processing. In this example, we want to compare result from each simulation case to the reference, so we can make the Python script to run in each job folder. In the script object in RVX, the onEachJob field is set to true. This corresponds to disabling the third argument in the Python runner utility, and set the work dir argument to the job folder itself, as shown in the screenshot below.
The other fields of the script object have their suitable places on the utility's panel, too. Clicking on the Run button will execute the script. Any error messages will be shown in the Output tab.
Python runner
The RVX
We have got nearly everything needed to set up the optimisation run. The only things that are missing are the objective functions. In this example, we use two objectives for minimizing heating and cooling prediction errors, and one constraint for the electricity prediction errors. There are other ways of assigning the objectives and constraints, such as using the CVRMSE and NMBE measures recommended in ASHRAE Guideline 14-2002. The selection of objective and constraints are actually quite important for solving the problem. We are not going into this topic right now.
The full RVX is shown below.
{
 "notes" : "Some notes about this RVX",
 "rvis" : [
 {
 "fileName" : "HourlyMeters.rvi",
 "tableName" : "HourlyMeters",
 "frequency" : "Hourly",
 "usedInCalc" : false
 }
 ],

 "sqls" : [
 ],

 "scripts" : [
 {
 "fileName" : "CalcRMSE.py",
 "pythonVersion" : "phython3",
 "onEachJob" : true,
 "arguments" : "HourlyMeters;ref_jess.csv",
 "tableName" : "RMSE"
 }
 ],

 "userVars" : [
 ],

 "constraints" : [
 {
 "identifier" : "s1",
 "formula" : "(c0+c1+c4+c5)/1000/3600",
 "caption" : "Electricity RMSE [kWh]",
 "scaling" : true,
 "lb" : "-1",
 "ub" : "10",
 "min" : "0",
 "max" : "40",
 "weight" : "1.0"
 }
 ],
 "objectives" : [
 {
 "identifier" : "t1",
 "formula" : "c2/1000/3600",
 "caption" : "Heating RMSE [kWh]",
 "scaling" : false,
 "min" : "0",
 "max" : "100000",
 "weight" : "1.0"
 },
 {
 "identifier" : "t2",
 "formula" : "c3/1000/3600",
 "caption" : "Cooling RMSE [kWh]",
 "scaling" : false,
 "min" : "0",
 "max" : "1000",
 "weight" : "1.0"
 }
 ]
}
Running sample cases
Now we are all set! But before running the optimisation, let's do a final test and see if everything works as they should. In jEPlus with the project is


Structure of English
Provides the grammatical knowledge necessary for a descriptive analysis of the structure of contemporary English, from the level of word class through phrase structure analysis to the description of complex sentence patterns. On completion of the course students should be able to provide a grammatical analysis of English sentential structure.
 - Semester 2 - 2015
 - Semester 1 - 2015
Learning Outcomes
1. Understand grammatical terminology and levels of grammatical analysis
2. Analyse sentences in terms of word classes, phrase structure, grammatical relations
3. Apply grammatical knowledge to the analysis of English sentential structure.
A descriptive analysis of the structure of contemporary English. Topics covered will be selected from the following:
formal criteria for word class identification
analysis of simple clause structures
grammatical relations
finite and non-finite subordinate clauses
coordination and apposition
interrogative structures
topicalisation structures such as existential, extraposition, cleft and pseudo-cleft
Assumed Knowledge
LING1110, LING1100, LING1111 or equivalent knowledge of elementary grammatical terminology.
Assessment Items
Written Assignment: Written Assignment 1
Formal Examination: Final Exam
Written Assignment: Written Assignment 2
Written Assignment: Written Assignment 3
Contact Hours
Ourimbah and Callaghan


text:
Jet lagged bees may help patient recovery
Jet lagged bees Bees with chemically-induced jet lag are giving clues on how best to help patients recover from the effects of anaesthetics.
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Jet lag can affect not just the timing of your sleep but your mood, immune system and even wound healing.
It is well established that the majority of people given anaesthetics report afterwards feeling no time has passed. But, says Warman, it's not clear whether this is a case of amnesia or chemically induced jet lag disturbing the biological clock.
The perfect animal to help answer this question, he says, is the honey bee.
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Bees visit flowers only at times when the flower produce nectar and they navigate by knowing where the Sun is in the sky at any time of the day.
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In a series of experiments involving thousands of bees, Warman and colleagues looked at the normal behaviour of bees, the effect of anaesthesia on their time perception and on their biological clock.
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"They wake up from their anaesthetic and think it's much earlier in the day than it is," he says. "They don't have the perception that 6 hours have passed."
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He says anaesthesia-induced jetlag could similarly be reduced by shining high-intensity light at patients' eyes during anaesthesia.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


The Community for Technology Leaders
Green Image
Issue No. 08 - August (2007 vol. 40)
ISSN: 0018-9162
pp: 34-40
Thorsten Joachims , Cornell University
Filip Radlinski , Cornell University
ABSTRACT
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INDEX TERMS
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CITATION
Thorsten Joachims, Filip Radlinski, "Search Engines that Learn from Implicit Feedback", Computer, vol. 40, no. , pp. 34-40, August 2007, doi:10.1109/MC.2007.289
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text: The mathematical relationship (breakage equation) between the inlet and outlet particle-size distributions of a roller milling operation is described, and the breakage function linking the two is defined. The forms of the breakage equation and the breakage function are different for roller milling than for other comminution operations, such as hammer milling or ball milling. The breakage equation is discretised to give a matrix form, from which it is demonstrated that during roller milling of wheat, particles break independently of one another. This is an important assumption of breakage equations for many comminution operations and experimental results are presented, which confirm its applicability to the roller milling of wheat grains. Breakage matrices are successfully used to predict the outlet particle-size distributions from First Break milling of wheat. Later papers in this series consider the form of the breakage function.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Issue Date: Jul 30, 2012
Narpuh reserve forest, deep inside the Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya, is among the few good forest patches which has withstood the intense pressures of growth, development and mindless extraction of natural resources like coal and limestone. It also forms an important watershed area with many important rivers originating from the hills. We visited the forest in March and November last year looking for birds and primates as part of an ecological study.
Recent Supreme Court order in Vedanta case holds hope for tribal community life
Butterflies on the roof of the world is a vivid and engaging narrative of the author's rendezvous with the butterflies and moths in particular, and nature in general


text:
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source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Copyright © 2010-2015 NOAH Water Technologies Inc., All Rights Reserved


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have an array y[x], x=0,1,2,...,10^6 describing a periodic signal with y(10^6)=y(0), and I want to compute its derivative dy/dx with a fast method.
I tried the spectral difference method, namely
dy/dx = inverse_fourier_transform ( i*k fourier_transform(y)[k] ).................(1)
and the result is different from (y[x+1]-y[x-1])/2 i.e. suggested by finite difference method.
Which of the two is more accurate, and which is faster? Are there other comparable methods?
Below is an effort to understand the difference of the results:
If one expand both the sum for the fourier_transform and that for the inverse_fourier_transform in (1), one can express dy/dx as a linear combination of y[x] with coefficients a[x]. I computed these coefficients and they seem to go as 1/n (when the length of the array goes to infinity) with n being the distance to where the derivative is examined. Compared to the finite differencing method which uses only the two neighboring points, the spectral difference is highly non-local... Am I correct with this result, and if yes, how to understand this?
share|improve this question
You should post your question here: math.stackexchange.com – SteAp Apr 18 '12 at 21:50
this could also have gone to scicomp.stackexchange.com, but is probably a best fit at dsp.stackexchange.com – Aron Ahmadia May 10 '12 at 19:04
add comment
1 Answer
up vote 2 down vote accepted
if you are sampling the signal above the nyquist frequency then the fourier method gives you an exact answer because your data completely describe the signal (assuming no noise).
the finite difference method is a first order approximation and so is not exact. but still, if you plot the two, they should show the same basic trends. if they look completely different then you probably have an error somewhere.
however, a fast ft is O(nlog(n)) while finite differences are O(n) so the latter is faster (but not so much faster that it should be automatically preferred).
the fourier approach is non-local in the sense that it constructs the whole signal, exactly (and so uses all wavelengths).
share|improve this answer
Thanks! My signal is a continuous one and does not have a cut-off frequency, so there is always more structure not sampled on small scales. – user1342516 Apr 19 '12 at 6:48
Is it appropriate to understand like this: finite difference calculates the derivative on the smallest sampling scale, while as the spectral/fourier approach tries to reconstruct the whole signal with all sampled frequencies and computes the derivative of the reconstructed signal on an infinitesimal scale? – user1342516 Apr 19 '12 at 6:57
yes, but in your case you will also have artifacts because reconstruction is not correct (as you have frequencies in the "real" signal that are not present in the data). – andrew cooke Apr 19 '12 at 10:48
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Your Answer


text:
The definition of a bruin is a bear.(noun)
An example of a bruin is the mascot of the Boston hockey team, the Blades.
See Bruin in Webster's New World College Dictionary
Origin: Du, brown
See Bruin in American Heritage Dictionary 4
Origin: Middle English
Origin:, name of the bear in History of Reynard the Fox, translated by William Caxton
Origin: from Middle Dutch bruun, bruin, brown, name of the bear in the Middle Dutch version of the fable; see bher-2 in Indo-European roots.
Learn more about Bruin


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text:
Humans are not the only species to hold grudges, according to a new study. Turns out, wild crows can recognize human faces and can hold a grudge for years against anyone who tried to harm them.
For years, field biologists have sensed that crows recognize them, and some have gone as far as wearing masks when capturing birds to avoid being identified later on, according to a report in New Scientist. But it was unclear whether the crows recognized the scientists' faces or other details, such as clothing or gait.
To find out, a team of researchers from the University of Washington wore rubber caveman masks while capturing and tagging wild American crows. When a person wearing the caveman mask approached the crows later, the birds attacked, or "scolded" them loudly. If the same person approached the birds wearing a mask of former Vice President Dick Cheney — whom they had not seen before — the birds didn't bat an eye.
"Most of the time you walk right up to them and they don't care at all," said John Marzluff, who led the research team.
According to their research, published in the journal Animal Behaviour, the crows also held a grudge. Three years after the birds saw the caveman mask, they still had an aversion to it.
Upping the ante in a second experiment, Marzluff and his team made six masks from casts of people's faces. They wore the masks to capture crows in four locations. In each case, they found the crows recognized and "scolded" the masks they recognized from when they were captured. They ignored the others.
Based on that finding, it is safe to say that crows pay attention to humans — particularly noting those who may be a threat to them, said a scientist not affiliated with the experiment, Doug Levey of the University of Florida in Gainesville. "We may think they are just bystanders minding their own business — but we are their business," Levey said.
The research could also indicate that other wild animals may have the same perceptiveness. But certainly, it sheds light on the crows' ability to recognize faces in their environment. "It's likely that they're incredibly perceptive of the dog and cat components of their environment, as well," Levey said.


[Free] 2018(May) EnsurePass Braindumps Microsoft 98-373 Dumps with VCE and PDF 111-120
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Mobile Development Fundamentals
Question No: 111 DRAG DROP – (Topic 1)
Match each term to its definition. (To answer, drag each term from the column on the left to its definition on the right. Each term may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Each correct match is worth one point.)
Ensurepass 2018 PDF and VCE
Answer:
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Explanation:
C:\Users\Kamran\Desktop\02.jpg
Question No: 112 – (Topic 1)
Which two actions demonstrate SQL replication in a Windows Phone application? (Choose two.)
 1. Update data in a remote server without updating the data on the Windows Phone.
 2. Copy data between two local SQL databases on the Windows Phone.
 3. Update data in the local SQL database on the Windows Phone with data from a remote SQL server when reconnected to a network.
 4. Add or modify data in a local SQL database on the Windows Phone when the phone is not connected to a network. Then, update a remote SQL server with these changes when connected to a network.
 5. Synchronize data between fields in a Microsoft Silverlight page and data in the local SQL database.
Answer: D,E
Question No: 113 – (Topic 1)
What two features are supported by dynamic tiles on the Windows Phone 7 user interface? (Choose two.)
 1. Allows the tiles to be changed from one functional type to another.
 2. Functions as a landing page for a given application.
 3. Allows the users to pin the tiles that they want to use on the home screen.
 4. Provides options for customizing an application.
 5. Displays up-to-date status of the application.
Answer: D,E
Question No: 114 – (Topic 1)
Which two types of bindings are supported by Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) for Windows Phone? (Choose two.)
 1. Property
 2. Parallel
 3. Data
 4. Element
 5. Group
Answer: C,D
Question No: 115 – (Topic 1)
What is the purpose of the Assert instruction?
 1. To display a debug message from an application when the Assert instruction is evaluated to true.
 2. To instruct the debugger to terminate an application when the Assert instruction is reached.
 3. To inform other programmers that an application stops working at the Assert instruction.
 4. To display a debug message from an application when the Assert instruction is evaluated to false.
Answer: D
Question No: 116 – (Topic 1)
Which action has no effect on battery life when running under a locked screen?
 1. Unregistering the obscured and unobscured event handlers.
 2. Registering for obscured and unobscured events.
 3. Stopping the accelerometer.
 4. Halting all web requests.
Answer: A
Topic 2, VB
Question No: 117 – (Topic 2)
Which Windows Phone resource brush is used to match the color of the Application Bar?
 1. PhoneForegroundBrush
 2. PhoneAccentBrush
 3. PhoneChromeBrush
 4. PhoneContrastForegroundBrush
Answer: C
Question No: 118 – (Topic 2)
Which dictionary is used to store persistent data between the sessions of an application?
 1. viewState
 2. PhoneApplicationPage. State
 3. IsolatedStorageSettings.ApplicationSettings
 4. PhoneApplicationService.Current.State
Answer: C
Question No: 119 – (Topic 2)
You plan to create Microsoft Silverlight code to join a multicast group that will subscribe the user of the application to a group address. What method should you use?
 1. Any-source multicast code
 2. Anycast IP address
 3. Single-source multicast code
 4. Multicast IP address
Answer: A
Question No: 120 – (Topic 2)
What type of storage is used to prevent applications from directly modifying the data of other applications?
 1. Isolated
 2. Remote
 3. SD Card
 4. Local
Answer: A
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A: Definitely. Shrinkage can be found on garments after washing as it is a nature property of textile materials. For example, Tee shirt, Polo shirt, uniform and other clothes styles which are mainly made of 100% cotton which has shrinkage nature because it is natural cotton fiber.
Q: 2.What is the general shrinkage rate?
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A: Choose fabric mixed with polyester and cotton (For examples CVC or T/C). CVC and T/C fabrics are knitted from yarn which is blended from polyester and cotton, due to the polyester's non water absorption nature, shrinkage can be improved. However, this fabric is less breathable and less soft than cotton. Another method is to apparels wash so that it can stabilize the shrinkage in advance.
Q: 4.Is it possible to avoid shrinkage?
A: No. No matter what materials they are (man-made fiber – polyester, or natural fiber - cotton, linen), physical limitations applied to these materials, Garment will shrink after it is worn and washed repeated. Using 100% polyester fabric can minimize the shrinkage problem; sportswear, sports uniform, sports bottom, vest and jacket are mainly made of 100% polyester fabric in order to minimize the shrinkage. Some auxiliary chemicals are added on the fabric of these sports apparels. For example, dry fit chemical agents are added to drive sweat away quickly and provide and good ventilation, making it more comfortable to wear when doing exercises.
Q: 5.Is garment durable?
A: It depends how the garment is used and handled during wearing and washing etc. Apparel is more durable if we follow the garment care instruction sewed to the garment. As garment is made from materials (such as cotton, polyester, etc.) which have their physical limitation, unavoidable appearance changing, color fading and print logo fading out will be found when the apparel is repeatedly worn and washed. Therefore, clients have to follow the garment care label to minimize the mistreatments that will shorten the life cycle of the apparel.
Q: 6.Can customers have special requirements during uniform ordering?
A: As a professional uniform provider, Uniform-standard provides not only opinions to our customers, but also fabric applications, production restrictions and tolerance information. However, one important thing that clients have to under stand is, as clothes is hand-made product, it is not perfect, different effects and restrictions can be found base on different applications (For Example use CVC or T/C fabric to minimize shrinkage, on the other hand, the apparel will not be as comfortable as 100% cotton).
Q: 7.Will the collar of Polo-shirt and T-shirt crease after washing?
A: It depends on the nature of fabric used for making the polo-shirt and T shirts. If the Tee or Polo is made of 100% cotton, it is more water absorbable as the fabric structure is more loosely packed, It will roll up after dry, making the apparel crumple, normally it is unavoidable. Customer can refer to care label for proper washing and drying method, or they can choose apparel made of mixed polyester and cotton (such as CVC, TC fabric) in garment. With polyester in fiber, less roll up and crinkle effect on apparel are found.
Q: 8.Will fabric form slub?
A: Yes, fluff is more likely to form on 100% cotton. When clothes is used and washed from time to time, cotton yarn will tear and break, some large cotton slub will form on the surface of the fabric. This is an unavoidable nature, but better cotton yarn with less impurity during spinning will cause less inter-linking between the yarns, thus slub will be less.
Q: 9.Will outerwear jacket fabric or wicking fabric get hooked?
A: There are many kinds of fabric for making jacket. Thin fabric like down-proof fabric or micro-fiber is more likely to get hooked, while wicking fabric is made of polyester, which is mostly formed in mesh structure and is also more likely to be hooked. Since there are pros and cons for different kinds of textiles, so fabric should be properly used according to the applications and functional needs of the apparel. Also, garment care is very important, as there are restrictions on the garment fabric, fabric will be damaged upon improper garment care (e.g. on washing, ironing, etc).
Q: 10.Will color fading occur after washing?
A: Normally, cotton fabric is dyed by reactive dye, the color absorption penetrate through the fiber and have good color fastness, therefore, we seldom find color bleeding during wash cotton T shirts, Polo shirt etc. However, color absorption may saturate in dark, deep navy colors, which sometimes exhibit color bleeding / staining if post-treatment in color fastness is not well conducted. On the other hand, polyester fabric are usually proceeded by disperse dye under high temperature. Customers have to understand that due to the repeat use and wash, the fiber itself will deteriorate and the color will also run vintage, result in a fading visual effect.
Q: 1.Is there wrinkle-free fabrics?
A: Yes, usually polyester coating is added on fabric to make it anti-crease, For example. wrinkle free trousers. Polyester is not easy to fold while cotton does. Therefore 100% polyester fabric is less likely to have wrinkles after folding. However, the fabrics are less breathable and feel stiffer during wearing. Normally woven fabric that used to make official dress like shirt, suit and trousers will have such wrinkle free nature.
Q: 2.Is wicking fabric more breathable than cotton fabric?
A: Wicking fabric undergoes some chemical treatments. Sweat can be absorbed and removed by the apparel made of wicking fabric, giving a cool and fresh feeling. Thus wicking fabric applied mostly on sportswear. On the other hand, 100% cotton fabric is made of cotton yarn, which is soft, comfortable, and more water absorbable. So, cotton clothes absorb sweat easily but cannot remove it quickly, making you feel moist.
Q: 3.Any washing method to keep clothes durable and new?
A: Washing effect varies different fabrics. Customer can refer to the care label on apparel which provides the most appropriate cleansing and drying guidelines. As there are limitations on fabric materials and fabric structures, unavoidable color fade, well worn, deformation in shape will be found when apparel is worn and washed as time goes by.
Uniform-standard could provide more quality concerns and guidelines before ordering if customers have special requirements. However, customers have to understand that garments are of physical products which will eventually worn-out after repeated using due to their physical material limitations.
Q: 4.Is windbreaker / jacket water-proof?
A: It depends on the fabric used on jacket as well as the sewing method. There are some windbreakers which are marketed with water repellent function; this is because the fabric is coated with a PU (Polyurethane) layer which could repel water under normal atmospheric pressure (e.g. during raining days). However, this PU coating will gradually be washed away when the jacket is continually worn and washed, thus reduce the water repellent function. Some famous brands (e.g. The North Face, Mountain Hardwear, Burton Snowboards, Schoeffel) will applied Gortex fabric which bond the water repellent membrane to the fabric, and together with heat seal sewing or ultra sound welding sewing technique, it could achieve seamless outerwear which are good in water resistant.
Q: 5.Is apron anti-stain?
A: Anti-stain chemicals can be added on some specific fabric, which minimize the stain to penetrate the fabric. It makes the stain stay on the surface of the fabric and easier to be removed or clean up. But the anti-stain chemical is a coating on the fabric, it will be washed out gradually if the apron is used and washed from time to time, anti-stain function will thus reduce.
Q: 6.Is windbreaker / Jacket wind-proof?
A: Jacket is made of polyester, its weaving density is higher than normal knitting fabric, making it able to minimize wind and water to penetrate through the fabric, thus less breathable feeling is found when you wear such jacket. But it becomes more breathable if a breathable coating is added. It also depends on the nature of fabric and it's weaving density. For example, micro fiber and high density down-proof fabric, as their weaving density is high, fabric structure is packed and a PU coating on fabric can make it more wind resistant. If a fleece layer is added inside, it can trap up the air and provide a better insulation layer to keep the wearer warm.
Q: 1.Will fabric color exactly the same if we apply the same dyeing formula and conditions?
A: The answer it no, even we apply the same dyeing formula and conditions in each time, there are still shade-band difference (color deviation from different dying lots). It is because there are uncontrollable dyeing factors like water quality, fabric quality, color absorptions. Normally, color deviation between different dyeing lots may vary with 5%, but the color tone running to which directions maybe hard to


text:
Computer Lab Activities, Interactive Whiteboard Activities
Where Is Emily? A Clifford Interactive Storybook Activity
Early readers practice beginning consonant sounds while selecting words to complete sentences.
- Grades: PreK–K, 1–2
In the "Where is Emily?" Interactive Storybook (PreK–1), early readers follow the lovable red dog as he searches for Emily. The storybook challenges students to practice beginning consonant sounds, including identifying initial consonants and matching letter sounds to their corresponding letters.
In each page, students choose a word (from three options) to complete a sentence and then listen to the page read aloud with the new sentence. The illustration also changes to reflect the new word and sentence.
Clifford wants to play!
Clifford finds a ____.
Students choose from: toy, top, tire
But where is Emily?
While participating in the "Where Is Emily?" activity, students will:
- Develop phonemic awareness skills
- Read stories containing high-frequency words
- Interact with the computer to create new text
- Understand that changing one word in a sentence can change the meaning of the entire sentence


text:
It's hard to find a person who isn't attracted to the glittery fun of sparklers. These crackling sticks of fire are among the most sold fireworks on our website and the central entertainment of many events from Bonfire Night to New Year's Eve.
We've looked at the science behind the traditional types of fireworks, but what about sparklers? Here's a look at what sparklers are made of and the manufacturing process that gives them the unique and entertaining look.
What Are Sparklers Made Of?
Sparklers are essentially made by using three chemical components: a metal fuel, an oxidiser and a binder. It's also possible to add certain other elements to sparklers in order to enhance the effects or change colours, for example, but the three components are the building blocks of sparklers.
The Metal Fuel
This specific firework is typically made from a metal wire, which is then coated from one end with a mixture of the metal fuel, the oxidiser and the binder. The most commonly used wire is made of iron, which can then be coated in typically four different fuel chemicals:
- Aluminium & magnesium – light yellow/white glow
- Iron – red glow
- Titanium – silver/white glow
- Ferrotitanium – a golden glow
The above four are the most common colours you see on sparklers. But you can add other chemicals to this metal fuel to give it alternative range of colours. For example, certain salts can create different greens, reds and blues.
You can find out more on the firework colours from our previous post.
The oxidisers in sparklers have a crucial role. When the oxidisers are heated as the metal fuel starts burning, they began to decompose and this creates oxygen and other gasses.
In short, the oxidiser ensures the sparkler has the effect and doesn't just end up looking like burning metal. The process is behind the little sparklers jumping around the wire creating the crackling look.
The most commonly used oxidisers include metal nitrates, chlorates or perchlorates, and potassium nitrate.
The final component helps keep the other two components together. Since both the fuel and the oxidisers are simply chemicals in a paste-like form, the binder ensures they stick together and to the wire.
There are different chemicals, which can act as a binder, but the most commonly used is dextrin.In addition, the binder and the above two components are mixed with some water to make the paste smooth and easily applicable on the wire.
Interestingly, some forms of dextrin are also found on foods and are used for medicinal purposes!
Creating the Sparklers
Constructing the sparklers is quite a simple task and mostly automated, unlike fireworks. It starts with a machine cutting the metal wires to a desired length – as you might know there are all sorts of sparklers from long to small.
The wires are then moved along by the machine and place in a position where the mixture of the above chemical components is applied on the wires. The wires are dipped from one end to the paste mixture and allowed to set for a moment. They'll then be dipped a second time to insure the paste is strong enough for the effect to work.
The sparklers will be allowed to dry fully; often up to a week to ensure the quality is good. They will then be packed and sent off to the retailer. Then it's up to you to enjoy using them at your parties and events!


text:
Many common tech support issues in VMware products can be solved using what we call Resolution Paths. Resolution Paths are collections of modular steps that can be used to solve tech support issues.
Being modular, they can be re-used in other resolution paths. A good example is using the ping command to test network connectivity. This step is used in all kinds of troubleshooting procedures. Put a number of these steps together, and you have a method.
Down the very first left hand column of each resolution path are common issues that customers encounter. To the right of each these are VMware's recommended steps to resolving these issues. Each and every one is hyper-linked directly to our Knowledge base article on that topic.
These can be very handy and can save you having to make that call into Tech Support. Click the links below. There's one for each potential problem area.


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Erase line in C++ console program
 - Comp Sci
 - Thread starter Deathfish
 - Start date
 - #1
86
0
Homework Statement
How do I erase previous lines displayed from printf function? (use printf, scanf etc)
Welcome to Sample Program
[Press Enter to Start]
When I press Enter, the [Press Enter to Start] should disappear.
Homework Equations
- nil -
The Attempt at a Solution
unsigned char mainstart=0;
printf("SAMPLE PROGRAM");
printf("\n==============================");
while(mainstart!=1)
{
printf("\n[Press Enter to start]");
getch();
while(getch() != 0x0d);
if(getch() == 0x0d)
{
mainstart=1;
}
}
Also, why does my code only function when I press Enter three times? How do I alter the program to function by pressing Enter only once?

Answers and Replies
 - #2
437
0
Depends on the OS. Some allow escape sequences and/or provide libs that let you position the cursor exactly (like curses). On Windows, use something along these lines:
HANDLE ConHandle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
COORD Pos;
Pos.X=3;
Pos.Y=3;
SetConsoleCursorPosition(ConHandle,Pos);

 - #3
phinds
Science Advisor
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2019 Award
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I think there's also an ASCII code ("tab up" maybe?) that DOS (the "command line") will recognize as meaning "go up one line" --- then you have to write a line of blanks, NOT followed by a new-line so as to stay on the line you just erased.

 - #4
Hurkyl
Staff Emeritus
Science Advisor
Gold Member
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Also, why does my code only function when I press Enter three times? How do I alter the program to function by pressing Enter only once?
The operating system typically doesn't deliver any typed characters to your program until you hit enter. If you want to respond immediately to keypresses, you have to do something special for your operating system.

 - #5
AlephZero
Science Advisor
Homework Helper
6,994
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Also, why does my code only function when I press Enter three times? How do I alter the program to function by pressing Enter only once?
You called getch() three times, and each call reads another character.
If you want to use the same character value several times, call getch() once and store the character in a variable.
But in your code, only one of the getch() calls is doing anything useful, You can delete the other two calls completely, and you don't need to store the character that you read.

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Interview with Mr. Peter Kristensen, Lead Environmental Specialist, and team leader for the West Africa Coastal Areas Program, the World Bank
Question 1: WACA is an ambitious program, both by the magnitude of the challenge, and the investments needed; can you tell us how the program came about within the World Bank, its objectives and the expected results?
That is right, the development challenge is immense when you think of it, and we needed an ambitious program as response. In some areas 20 meters of coast are lost annually, mostly around large infrastructure on the coast, and we know that the effects can stretch 50 kilometer downstream, so in West Africa this means from one country to the next. Managing sediment and the solutions aren't straight forward.
West Africa's coast is under stress from rampant development of coastal infrastructure, city expansions, population increase, and in many places, there is an overuse of natural resources. Development of Africa is important and should not be slowed. But we find that coastal degradation put people's livelihoods are at risk, and in fact, the countries' economies are also at risk. According to an analysis of the World Bank, the degradation of the coast of Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal, and Togo cost $3.8 billion in 2017, or 5.3% of the four countries' combined GDP.
The West Africa Coastal Areas (WACA) management program was requested by countries like Benin and Togo at the time of COP21. It was launched in November 2018 to mitigate the consequences of coastal erosion, flooding and pollution caused by human activity, climate change-induced sea-level rise and storm surges.
It builds on the many initiatives that were underway, including those managed by the WAEMU and the CSE. The efforts of establishing the Coastal Observatory was one of the first priorities because without accurate information on the state of the coast, it is difficult to make decisions. Therefore, we are happy that so many partners have now rallied behind the West Africa Coastal Observatory.
The WACA Program's vision is to create a dynamic space where both coastal countries and partners will work together, share knowledge, expertise, and mobilize finance to build long-term coastal resilience that supports prosperity and sustainability. The Program aims to achieve these goals in the spirit of collaboration and co-creation, and its success is dependent upon the commitment and contributions of all partners. It builds on and empowers existing institutions and commitments countries have established.
Question 2: The WACA program is well underway in West Africa, and the expectations of public authorities and populations for the reduction of coastal risks are high. How do you meet these expectations, and what do you think essential in short and medium term to meet them?
I think that one of the key things to do to meet expectations is to engage in the dialogue. I understand very well that there are many expectations, and we have to admit that we at the World Bank can't meet them all because they go well beyond the abilities we have. For example, it is countries who make decisions about how to manage their environment. It is cities who make decisions of where people are allowed to build houses. But what we can do is to support the governments and city officials in creating and strengthening the dialogue around the challenges they are up against and mobilize any technical expertise if needed. Solutions may be found for a particular site or city in the short term and the Bank can provide resources to resolve the issue there. However, for all the issues country-wide, there is no other way than for governments to continue their efforts of manage the coastal areas in a sustainable manner, including decisions on what land uses are allowed in different areas, and plan ahead for what is going to come. A longterm commitment is needed to manage the coastal areas. Think of the example of Cote d'Ivoire's coast where in 1975 there were 1.1m people and in 2014 there were 7.5m. The pressure is relentless. This means that spatial planning in coastal areas must happen and should happen with a view to preserve sustainable livelihoods and space for infrastructure needed for economic growth.
Question 3: Currently the WB provides specific financing for six (06) countries, but Western Africa includes seventeen (17) countries. What are the plans assisting the remaining countries, in particular those engaged with the West African Coastal Observation Mission?
The WACA Program includes two things: the specific resilience investment projects in each country, and a regional scale-up platform to support expansion within countries and to add new countries. I am happy to see that under countries' leadership there is a scale-up underway, which was facilitated by the WACA Program's Marketplace. New partners are committing new coastal project with countries, including Spain, France, UN-Habitat, Nordic Development Fund, OFID, and Morocco, among many others.
In terms of new countries, Nigeria and Ghana requested to become part of the WACA Program recently, and the multi-sector planning process is about to start. There are also projects underway in other countries that serve to integrate the preparatory stages for becoming part of the WACA program, and the services offered to access solutions and expertise, or new financing from the may partners which are keen to scale up their support to countries under the WACA umbrella.
Question 4: Looking forward, how do you see the WACA Program provide sustained support to resilience to coastal people and economies?
There are three concepts that I believe countries need to embrace and for which the WACA Program can provide support.
The first relates to sustainable development of the coastal zone and is referred to as the Blue Economy. The term refers to the development of oceanic economic activities in an integrated and sustainable way. It is focused on capturing potential synergies and managing the trade-offs across industries to better address the growing threats now confronting oceans, and particularly those posed by climate change.
The second relates to pollution management, and the terrible habit the world has come to with single use plastics. I understand that single-use plastic is not entirely avoidable, but certainly, a lot of waste could be reduced, and integrity of our ecosystem saved if we prevent the leakage of plastics into the environment. Progress has been made using a circular economy approach whereby we redefine how we use our resources to avoid pollution, keep products and materials in use, and regenerate natural systems.
The third is Disaster Risk Management. Disasters hurt the poor and vulnerable the most because they do not have the resources to absorb the social and economic cost they entail. Over the past 15 years, countries have made progress in managing disasters, but clearly, more preventative work needs to happen, contingency plans must be in place to protect vulnerable people and economic assets.
The WACA Program and its partners and mechanisms are keen support countries in these areas. With knowledge and data from the West Africa Coastal Observatory, and the dialogue at national and regional levels engaging decision-makers, I am confident we can mobilize the resources needed to tackle coastal erosion, flooding, and pollution in Western Africa.
Type : Lessons from the Field


text:
DARTMOUTH — An early airfield created in 1928 at the whim of the wealthy Col. Edward H.R. Green and long left for cedar scrub is returning to its natural state thanks to man-made engineering of an original salt marsh.
The Round Hill Salt Marsh project, which Friday received $2.77 million from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, will restore about 12 acres of marsh north of Round Hill Beach and enhance the larger Meadow Shores Marsh, recreating a valuable wetland resource, said Dartmouth's Environmental Affairs Coordinator Michael O'Reilly.
"Salt marshes are one of the most biologically productive environments in the world and they contribute a tremendous amount to the ecosystem of Buzzards Bay," he said. "Re-creation of the ecosystem of the salt marsh will be a real shot in the arm for the fisheries resource and just general natural resource functions."
The grant tops off $1.3 million in Superfund money from the New Bedford Harbor Trustees Council, which Dartmouth had hoped would fund the bulk of the project. In 2011, under political pressure, the council redirected a greater portion of its awards to New Bedford proposals.
The award will allow Dartmouth and its partners, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the state's Division of Ecological Restoration, to complete the marsh restoration, which has been in the works since at least 2008.
A feasibility study for the 75,000-cubic-yard excavation, culvert replacement and replanting is already complete. Shovels could be in the ground in as soon as 12 months, O'Reilly said.
Massachusetts received more than $10.4 million in total funding from the Department of the Interior and the Fish and Wildlife Service.
"These grants will support important efforts to preserve the commonwealth's coastal areas and restore our natural storm barriers," Sen. Elizabeth Warren said in a news release. "I'm very glad Massachusetts has received this significant funding, which will help strengthen community resilience before disaster strikes to better protect us from future storms."
Rep. Bill Keating called the grants "a great win for Southeastern Massachusetts."
"These projects not only help protect and preserve our natural habitats, they will also create jobs and put revenue right back into our local economy," he said in the release.


text:
LEADBETTER POINT — Grassy Island, an uninhabited island just east of the northern tip of Leadbetter Point on the Long Beach Peninsula, is the scene of a smoky fire Friday night.
According to a fire management plan drafted by the island's owner, the Willapa National Wildlife Refuge, the refuge's Leadbetter Unit has several hundred acres of young to mature lodgepole pine (shore pine) on the peninsula tip that continues to spread north and westward, and a small area of lodgepole pine on Grassy Island. The oldest lodgepole pine trees are approximately 80 years old, although most of the lodgepole pine on the refuge is much younger than 80 years.
Natural-caused fires are said to be infrequent in the maritime climate of lodgepole pine, but there was a significant fire on the island in July 2006 that scorched about 50 acres. The refuge notes that human-caused fires can be much more frequent in lodgepole pine due to public use occurring in and near this forest type. The 2006 fire was believed at the time to have been human caused.
Grassy Island is primarily accessible by boat from the bay; although it can be reached by foot from the peninsula by wading a shallow channel at low tide. No residences are closer than a mile from Leadbetter Point's southern boundary.
At the time of the last fire, two helicopters were called in to drop water on the island. There was no immediate information available Friday night about whether or when fire-suppression efforts may begin this time.
Grassy Island is a sanctuary for hundreds of seabirds of many species.


Timoto–Cuica people
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 (Redirected from Timoto-cuicas)
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Total population
Regions with significant populations
 Venezuela extinct
Timote-Cuica language
Timoto–Cuica people were an indigenous group compromised primarily of two tribes, the Timotes and the Cuicas, that inhabited in the Andean region of western Venezuela.[1] They were closely related to the Muisca people of the Andes, who spoke a Chibchan based language. The Timoto-Cuicas were not only composed of the Timoto and the Cuica tribes, but also the Mucuchíes, the Migures, the Tabayes, and the Mucuñuques.
Culture and lifeways[edit]
Timoto-Cuica territory, in present day Mérida, Venezuela
Pre-Columbian Venezuela had an estimated indigenous population of one million,[1] with the Andean region being the most densely populated area. The two tribes lived peacefully in what are today the states of Mérida, Trujillo, and Táchira.
Timoto-Cuica society was complex with pre-planned permanent villages, surrounded by irrigated, terraced fields. They also stored water in tanks.[1] Their houses were made primarily of stone and wood with thatched roofs. They were peaceful, for the most part, and depended on growing crops. Regional crops included potatoes and ullucos.[2]
Timoto and Cuica toponyms
 1. ^ a b c Mahoney 89
 2. ^ "Venezuela." Friends of the Pre-Columbian Art Museum. (retrieved 9 July 2011)
External links[edit]


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St. Platonida of Syria
Commemorated on April 6
St. Platonida was at first a deaconess, but afterwards withdrew into the Nisibis Desert, where she organized a women's monastery.
The Rule of her monastery was known for its strictness. The sisters partook of food only once a day. When they were not praying, they spent their time in monastic labors and various obediences.
St. Platonida was for all the sisters a living example of strict monastic asceticism, meekness, and love for neighbor. Having reached a great old age, St. Platonida died peacefully in the year 308.
By permission of the Orthodox Church in America (


text:
Ammonia can be synthesized at low pressure by the use of an ammonia selective absorbent. The process can be driven with wind energy, available locally in areas requiring ammonia for synthetic fertilizer. Such wind energy is often called "stranded," because it is only available far from population centers where it can be directly used. In the proposed low pressure process, nitrogen is made from air using pressure swing absorption, and hydrogen is produced by electrolysis of water. While these gases can react at approximately 400 °C in the presence of a promoted conventional catalyst, the conversion is often limited by the reverse reaction, which makes this reaction only feasible at high pressures. This limitation can be removed by absorption on an ammine-like calcium or magnesium chloride. Such alkaline metal halides can effectively remove ammonia, thus suppressing the equilibrium constraints of the reaction. In the proposed absorption-enhanced ammonia synthesis process, the rate of reaction may then be controlled not by the chemical kinetics nor the absorption rates, but by the rate of the recycle of unreacted gases. The results compare favorably with ammonia made from a conventional small scale Haber-Bosch process.
Bibliographical noteFunding Information:
This work was primarily supported by ARPA-E, a part of the US Department of Energy, by the Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund, as recommended the Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources, and by MNDRIVE, an initiative of the University of Minnesota. Additional support came from the Dreyfus Foundation.
© 2017 Journal of Visualized Experiments.
- Ammonia synthesis
- Distributed manufacturing
- Issue 126
- Low pressure
- Small scale
- Stranded energy
- Sustainable process
- Wind energy


What's The Difference: Menudo Vs. Igado
Here are the ingredients that make these two Filipino dishes different.
IMAGE Majoy Siason
ILLUSTRATOR Roselle Miranda
Many pork stew recipes have similar ingredients. It's made with pork, it has chunks of vegetables, and is stewed in a flavorful sauce that brings the dish together into a satisfying meal.
While these may all seem the same, it's the tiny differences in ingredients that make these pork stews different from each other. In the case of menudo and igado, the two dishes actually share many similarities while the differences are minimal.
Both are pork stews with pork liver. Each is a savory, tangy stew that uses a few similar ingredients such as soy sauce that replaces the salt and a sour ingredient to complement the savoriness. Each also has a few ingredients that differentiate it from the other. Here are those differences:
1 Menudo is a saucy stew. Igado is cooked until almost dry.
A sauce is common for stews. Stews are dishes that are simmered, usually over low heat or flame, so that not only will the meat tenderize in this time, the ingredients that make up the sauce or liquid will also become more flavorful through the long cooking time.
For the menudo, this means it results in a thick tomato-based sauce that coats each chunk. For igado, the savory sauce is sometimes simmered until almost dry. This doesn't mean igado is dry, only that the pork absorbs most of the flavors as it simmers. This thick and concentrated sauce then coats the pork and other ingredients, resulting in a dish that is less saucy than menudo but also one that's super flavorful.
Photo by Riell Santos
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Menudo uses small cubes of pork. Igado uses pork sliced into strips.
One look at both dishes will tell you what is served: if the pork pieces have been cut into small cubes, chances are the dish is a menudo. If you see pork strips along with the bell peppers, it's igado
While you can easily change up the cuts of the pork, these are the common pork cuts that you'll find for these two dishes.
Photo by Riell Santos
Menudo has potatoes and carrots. Igado uses green peas and bell peppers.
Another quick look at the two dishes reveals that even the vegetables are different.
While menudo sticks to the usual root vegetables many stews use, namely, potatoes and carrots, igado veers away from those common ingredients. Instead, it takes a page from another stew, the kaldereta, and uses green peas and bell peppers to accompany the pork. The green peas are added nutrition and color but the bell peppers give the igado its unique sweet, bitter flavor that makes it taste different.
Menudo uses tomato sauce. Igado uses vinegar.
This might be the most telling difference when it comes to taste. While the look of the dish can instantly tell you that you're eating a different dish, the taste of each dish will definitely solidify your opinion.
Give menudo a taste and you'll notice that the main ingredient in the sauce is the tangy tomatoes seasoned with soy sauce. There's an underlying sweetness to it, too. It's might be from the raisins that were tossed in or the sugar that not only sweetens but also helps balance the flavor of the sour tomatoes.
The igado however uses a different souring ingredient instead of tomato sauce: vinegar. You might actually think that igado is another kind of adobo, since it uses the same two main ingredients, soy sauce and vinegar. However, its other ingredients, namely the pork liver and the bell peppers, that make this beloved Ilocano recipe taste even more different than even the adobo
Comments. Join the discussion below!
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HomeCultureAn Aghori's Path to Enlightenment
An Aghori's Path to Enlightenment
Aghoris believe that Shiva induced the best and worst of the world and nothing is profane, everything is sacred for them. Hence, what other Hindu sects regard as unacceptable or taboo, the Aghoris embrace it – the 'dark forces' or 'impurities' – leads them to a level of higher consciousness. Let's delve more into their world…
Aghori sadhu covered in ash
Aghoris, the tantric sages of India
They clothe themselves with the shroud of a corpse or clothes left by family of the dead, smear themselves with the ashes of corpses as a protection from diseases, meditate on a dead body and consume everything from human or animal flesh to excreta, urine, alcohol – all part of the Aghora ritual, which literally means non-terrifying, and Aghoris are its practitioners.
The Path of Non-duality
The aghoris have to eliminate thoughts of duality between pure and impure, good and bad; denying perfection of anything would be like disrespecting sacredness of life in its full manifestation.
Robert Svoboda, an American author and ayurvedic doctor in his book – Aghora II: Kundalini, explained – "The Aghori sets out to overcome human limitations by shattering internally every restraint, no matter how ancient or powerful the taboo, and also by creating a body/mind that is able to contain emotional, sensory and other experiences which would consume anyone not properly prepared."
Aghori Rituals
The use of Human Skulls and Tantra
Aghori wearing a garland of skulls and bones
Aghori wearing a garland of skulls and bones
Once initiated, the Aghori goes in search of a human skull or 'kapala', which is a real sign of an Aghori, to be used as a bowl. It is believed that after death, the prana or life force of the deceased clings in the top of the skull.
Using mantras and certain offerings, especially alcohol, an aghori sadhna summons the spirit to return to the body, and gaining control over it, harnesses its services. Aghori sadhana includes tantric practice, various forms of Yoga and meditation.
Svoboda explained in his book, Aghora: At the Left Hand of God: "Aghora is the apotheosis of Tantra…whose supreme deity is the mother goddess….Tantra has thus far been glimpsed in the West only in its most vulgar and debased forms, promulgated by unscrupulous scoundrels who equate sex with super consciousness. Sex is indeed central to Tantra, the cosmic sexual union of universal dualities. The aim of Tantra is Laya, return of the seeker to the state of undifferentiated existence."
The 48-mins documentary 'Living with the dead' shows the life of Aghori Ramnath, who is initiated by tantric master, and lives in the cremation grounds and follows the path of Aghora to be one with Shiva, an insightful video on this sect.
Each Aghori follows different practices depending on his capability; the only common factor is their degree of intensity and determination.
Eating human flesh
For 12 years he meditates in the name of Lord Shiva in cremation grounds, considered an ideal place to worship Shiva. They eat human flesh, which serves as a reminder to the Aghori that there exists no distinction between good or bad, human or animal flesh.
Such distinctions are only delusive, and seldom serve any purpose in the spiritual development of the human soul. It symbolises the transcendence of his lower self and a realisation of the greater.
The documentary below talks about aghoris and their rituals and powers which are beyond human imagination.
Another video shows an aghori eating human flesh, I'm posting a link, watch the video at your own discretion.
Meditating on a corpse
Aghori tantric performing ritual
Aghori tantric performing ritual
Aghoris perform a ritual known as Shava (fresh corpse) sadhana which means to meditate on top of a corpse, chant mantras to invoke the Smashan Tara (goddess of the cremation grounds), who will bless the Aghori with supernatural powers if the ritual is done in the right manner.
Aghoris do not fear death, they use intoxicants like alcohol or ganja, before performing a ritual that helps them to overcome their fears and go beyond their body.
The mentor of author Svoboda, Aghori Vimalananda, whose spiritual practices awakened his Kundalini and Svoboda's Aghora trilogy is based on him, said, "Meat, fish, wine, parched grain and sex are all intoxicants, and the purpose of intoxicants is to stimulate your nerves to be able to withstand the force of the Kundalini Shakti. You can use alcohol and the rest to make fast spiritual progress only if you know how to use them properly, otherwise you just bind yourself down more tightly to the wheel of existence."
Aghoris were a powerful group among the sadhus in India, today a handful remain who lead this unusual life. The ultimate motive for an Aghori is to seek liberation from this endless cycle of reincarnation and achieve salvation.
While in an urban setting, people see Aghoris as sadist who engage in black magic or are mentally ill, but they actually have a mystical way to transform the mind into one that connects with the universal soul, its a path not meant for all! Would you be able to take an Aghori's path to enlightenment?
History of Aghoris
Benares is the home and birth place of the Aghoris. This sect is an offshoot of the famous Kapaliks of Kashmir Saivism who carried human skull as a symbol of sect. In its present form the origins of the sect can be traced to Baba Kinaram, an Aghori ascetic who lived for 150 years, and believed to be the incarnation of lord Shiva. There is a Kinaram temple in Varanasi, where he was buried, which is the most sacred for Aghoris. Dattatreya who is believed to be the initiator of Aghor tradition.
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Managing excipients for Quality-by-Design projects
In order to develop the enhanced understanding necessary to demonstrate an acceptable Design Space and Control Strategy required for Quality by Design (QbD) marketing applications, it will be necessary to incorporate the variability in potentially critical excipient parameters into the Design of Experiments (DoE). Methods are described that allow samples to be engineered such that potentially critical excipient parameters can be included in the DoE. However, it must be acknowledged that not all such excipient parameters will be amenable to sample engineering. The excipient manufacturer may be able to provide non-GMP samples which help define the necessary limits for the formulation. The nature of QbD as it relates to excipients is such that communication under a confidentiality agreement between excipient users and excipient makers will be necessary. The necessity for good communication between the excipient user and manufacturer is also emphasized.
According to ICH Q8 (1) Quality by Design (QbD) is "A systematic approach to development that begins with predefined objectives and emphasizes product and process understanding and process control, based on sound science and quality risk management." In short, QbD requires enhanced understanding of how critical materials attributes (CMAs) and critical process parameters (CPPs) impact critical quality attributes (CQAs) of the pharmaceutical finished product. In exchange for demonstrating this enhanced understanding, the pharmaceutical manufacturer may obtain some regulatory relief post-launch. QbD has changed the excipient and pharmaceutical formulation design and development fields irrevocably.
Excipients are essential components of a


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1000 FAQs, 500 tutorials and explanatory videos. Here, there are only solutions!
Syncing the WorkSpace contacts & calendars (+ emails) with a program, smartphone or tablet
You can sync contacts and calendars from your WorkSpace with a smartphone, tablet or email program. For example, this lets you manage your contacts and calendars together in one place on your smartphone and tablet.
To configure the synchronisation of contacts and calendars with a program or mobile device, do the following:
- Open the configuration wizard _URL_
- Follow the wizard depending on the program or device to be synchronised.
- At the end of the procedure, guides are available for commonly used programs and devices.
You will need a WorkSpace account or a client account to access the configuration wizard. If you have forgotten your login, go to _URL_
Here are the currently supported protocols for synchronisation:
To learn more:
- Actions to perform for the synchronisation of contacts and calendars when two-factor verification is activated.


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A three-level series for young learners of English which is based on the syllabus of the Cambridge Young Learners English tests. There is an emphasis on speaking and listening, with reading and writing introduced in natural progression.
Delta Young Learners English is an activity based course for young learners of English in the 7 to 13 age range. Based on the syllabus of the Cambridge Young Learners English Tests, it is designed to ensure successful learning in children preparing for the tests.
Mighty Movers is an activity-based course suitable for 9 to 11 year olds.
Further class practice, home or individual work,
Games, puzzles and other practical activities,
Includes activities reflecting the YLE Tests,
Self assessment check in each unit.


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Bringing the 'inside out' is one of the underlying themes of the Scottish Submarine Centre in Helensburgh and in choosing to do this with a Cold War-era submarine they could hardly have selected a more spectacular example. Although the X51 'midget submarine' HMS Stickleback is too small for visitors to get inside, it has been brought to vivid life on the outside through the use of the latest projection mapping technology. The result has been an instant hit with visitors and a major addition to the local tourism infrastructure.
But it has been a multi-year journey to get to this point, as chairman and founder Brian Keating can attest. A successful businessman and entrepreneur who is behind several successful golf resorts and hotels, Keating has been resident in Helensburgh for 15 years. He had been aware that there was a gap for an attraction that "honoured the history of submariners in the town", but the impetus to take action was heightened by the fact that Helensburgh was "struggling like a lot of small towns in terms of footfall going down".
When he was made aware of the possible availability of a miniature submarine that could provide the heart of a permanent attraction, and told that he "had two years to use it or lose it", the seed for what became the Scottish Submarine Centre was sown. It was clear that it would have to be housed indoors "because of rust", so the primary issue then was "how to interpret it and base an attraction around a single artefact. And it quickly became clear that we could use virtual reality and projection mapping to tell a host of different stories with the submarine as the centrepiece."
Once the room – formerly King Street Hall, the annex of St Columba Church – had been identified, there followed an intensive period in which the inside of the sub was painstakingly recreated in the form of CAD drawings, which were then used as the basis for an elaborate computer simulation in which "we photo-realistically added to everything, in other words we considered what happened when a specific action was taken, or a button pressed, inside the submarine. We went through the process of compositing, rendering and then threw the projections up onto the outside of the submarine… and it looked fantastic!"
Ultimately, it took the best part of two years to create the VR experience for the centre, "although there were gaps [for research and experimentation] as we did not have a reference to work to." The result of their labours is a process that Keating has dubbed 'inside out', whereby the inside of an object can be recreated on its outside via the use of the latest projection mapping technology and techniques.
Logically enough, the first 'story' to be told is about the X51 itself, providing a broad overview of the boat's history, how it works, and how it came to be in Helensburgh. Moving forward new content and exhibitions are expected to be introduced to the centre on a frequent basis.
Fulfilling a vision
Integral to helping Keating fulfil his vision for the Scottish Submarine Centre has been Glasgow-based AV supply and installation company HI Audio Visual (HIAV), whose Ken Callen recalls being introduced to Keating at ISE 2015 "and we got on like a house on fire! We have really been talking about and working on the project ever since."
The specification of the latest, most capable projection technology was always going to be critical to the success of the installation. Ultimately, HIAV specified a total of 26 NEC PX803UL-BK 8000 ANSI WUXGA laser projectors, equipped with NEC NP31ZL Wide Zoom lenses.
Masterminding a configuration that will be used for a wide variety of visitor-oriented shows as well as corporate gatherings and other possible applications are six AV Stumpfl Wings Engine Pro Quad servers. "We did consider other systems, but the Wings Engine had a number of specific features that we found attractive and useful for this project, and indeed we have been very pleased with our choice," says Callen. "The backup and support we have received from the company has also been excellent."
Providing impactful sound for the room's many uses meant that the expectations of the audio system were no less substantial. "We did want to be able to achieve a real clarity of sound, such as for explosions that occur in some of the VR content, and also for different events that may be booked in to take place here," says Callen.
The resulting system leans heavily on the current JBL range, including CBT1000 and CBT70J-1 line array speakers for the main hangs, AC18/95 speakers located under the sub, and a quartet of ASB6128 subwoofers for optimum low-end reinforcement. Crown DCi series amplifiers power the audio system, while processing and signal distribution are courtesy of BSS' BLU-160 devices running on a Dante network.
The fit-out was completed at the end of March, although fine-tuning has continued and there is now the possibility of adding to the system in the future, not least in the form of a permanent immersive audio processor that would allow the 32-speaker configuration to be used with even greater flexibility.
Now that the centre is up and running, Keating and his team are continuing to explore possible new applications. There have already been a series of screenings of The Beatles' classic animation Yellow Submarine, while "plays and other cultural events" are on the schedule for the months ahead.
"There is a lot of thought and experimentation going into how the space might be used, for example of how music can be mixed with images. Another thing that's being looked into is green-screening actors into the submarine to interact with the CAD animations we have created. The centre has really captured the attention of artists, musicians and photographers," he confirms.
Perhaps most critically of all, the attraction is also playing its role in the revitalisation of Helensburgh as a magnet for tourists. The centre is "on track" for its initial target of 20,000 visitors per year, and the commencement of the school year in September is likely to deliver a further boost.
"We have already received a great deal of interest there," says Keating, "and we are now working on our programme for 2019."


decay of the test state by simply turning off the encoding and decoding sequences in the procedure used to measure the decay of the DFS-encoded state.
We applied decoherence to the test and encoded states during a delay time of ∼25 μs (Fig. 1). The coherence without applied noise is ∼0.69 for the test state and ∼0.43 for the encoded state; they depart from 1 because of imperfect logic gates and detection, due in part to laser intensity fluctuations and heating of the ions (17, 21). For white-noise intensity fluctuations of the Stark-shifting beam, we expect C to decay exponentially for the test state, as shown by the fit line. The small decay rate of the test state between 0 and 2.5-μs noise duration arises because the intensity fluctuations of the noise beam have finite bandwidth (dc to 100 kHz) (6). We therefore extract the decay rate of the test state by excluding the point with zero applied noise from the fit. We also fit the coherence of the DFS state to an exponential decay for comparison. The decay rate of the test state is 0.18 ± 0.01 μs−1, whereas the decay rate of the DFS state is 0.0035 ± 0.0050 μs−1, consistent with zero decay. To investigate the eventual decay of the DFS state, we increased the delay time to ∼200 μs and applied decoherence for up to 100 μs during the delay time. The DFS state coherence dropped by 50% for 100-μs applied noise relative to its value for the same delay time and no applied noise, but we think that this decay was not due to collective dephasing. The decay was Gaussian, rather than exponential, and is consistent with the effect of differential dephasing due to small departures from equal illumination by the Stark-shifting beam. We think that ambient sources of differential dephasing are much weaker than the differential dephasing caused by the Stark-shifting beam.
Figure 1
Decay of the DFS-encoded state (circles) and the test state (crosses) under engineered dephasing noise. The noise is applied for a fraction of the delay time of ∼25 μs between encoding and decoding. Coherence data are normalized to their values for zero applied noise. The fit lines are exponential decay curves. The test data are predicted to decay exponentially for white noise, so we exclude the point with zero applied noise from the fit. The DFS data are fit for comparison. The decay rate of the test state is 0.18 ± 0.01 μs−1, whereas the decay rate of the DFS state is 0.0035 ± 0.0050 μs−1, consistent with zero decay.
We also measured the storage times of the encoded and test states under ambient conditions in our laboratory (Fig. 2). Here we measure the coherence as a function of the delay time between encoding and decoding to give the ambient noise a variable time to act, rather than leaving a fixed delay time and applying noise for some fraction of the delay time. The coherence data for this case are normalized in the same way as the data with applied noise. The decoherence of the test state is dominated by ambient fluctuating magnetic fields whose frequencies lie primarily at 60 Hz and its harmonics. These fields randomly shift ω0 through the Zeeman effect. Because these fields are roughly uniform across the ion string, they induce collective dephasing similar to that created by the engineered environment. We empirically find the decay of both test and encoded states to be roughly exponential, as indicated by the fit lines. The decay rate of the test state is (7.9 ± 1.5) × 10−3μs−1, whereas the decay rate of the DFS state is (2.2 ± 0.3) × 10−3 μs−1. Although Fig. 1 presents only normalized contrasts, the data show that the unnormalized contrast of the DFS state is higher than that of the test state for delay times exceeding 150 μs. The DFS-encoded state maintains coherence much longer than the test state, so we conclude that collective dephasing from magnetic field noise is the major ambient source of decoherence for the test state (26). The loss of coherence of the encoded state is consistent with degradation of the decoding pulses (19, 22, 27), due to heating of the ion motional state over the delay time (17).
Figure 2
Decay of the DFS-encoded state (circles) and the test state (crosses) under ambient decoherence. We vary the delay time between encoding and decoding to give the ambient noise a variable time to act. Coherence data are normalized to their values for zero applied noise. The fit lines are exponential decay curves for purposes of comparison and are not theoretical predictions. The decay rate of the test state is (7.9 ± 1.5) × 10−3 μs−1, whereas the decay rate of the DFS state is (2.2 ± 0.3) × 10−3 μs−1. Because the coherence time of the DFS-encoded state is much longer than that of the test state, we see that the chief source of ambient decoherence is collective dephasing.
We have demonstrated reversible encoding of a qubit stored in one ion into a DFS of two ions. The DFS-encoded state can store a qubit at least 10 times as long under applied noise as a single ion can, and appears immune to collective dephasing. Under typical ambient conditions, the DFS encoding also improves storage time considerably, showing that collective dephasing is indeed the limit to quantum memory using our physical qubits. Even without normalizing for the overhead incurred in encoding and decoding, the encoded state retains more coherence than the test state for long storage times in ambient conditions. The DFS encoding therefore currently provides an improved single-qubit quantum memory for ion-trap quantum computing applications. The loss of coherence incurred in encoding and decoding is a drawback to our scheme, but in the future, practical quantum computing will in any case require logic gates of a much higher fidelity than those used in this work. We therefore expect that, once the technical problems of ion heating and laser fluctuations are solved, the scheme presented here should be a practical method for long-term storage of qubits with near-perfect fidelity.
Our results suggest applications in quantum communication and large-scale quantum computing. Single photons have already been shown to transmit quantum information over long distances with high fidelity (8, 9), and the information in a single photon can be mapped onto a single atom (28, 29). With our encoding technique, the quantum information received by a single ion can be mapped into a DFS for robust storage. Our encoding technique will also be essential in scaling up ion-trap quantum computers. In one model of large-scale ion-trap quantum computing (19), qubits reside in a large array of interconnected ion traps. To perform oneor two-qubit logic gates, the relevant ions are moved into "accumulator" regions where they interact with lasers that drive the gates. One obstacle to this quantum computing architecture is that the magnetic field strength must be well-characterized across the entire device. Otherwise, the ions will constantly accumulate unknown relative phase during transport, leading to decoherence. Encoding into the DFS solves this problem, because the phase of a logical qubit in the DFS does not depend on the local magnetic field strength as long as the field strength is the same at each physical qubit. Thus, we can entangle two logical qubits, move them far apart, and perform operations on them in separate accumulators without losing phase information.
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Ray Cinti is the recipient of the national 2019 Corteva Excellence in Agricultural Science Education Award. Presented at the National Science Teachers Association awards banquet this April in St. Louis, the annual award recognizes a science teacher who incorporates innovative agricultural science activities into their existing science curriculum.
"The award meant so much to me and for my students," said Cinti. "We have a saying that we always want to advance discovery to improve lives and I feel our project and award acknowledges that goal."
A resident of South Burlington, Cinti teaches biology at Green Mountain Valley School in Waitsfield. With the award, he received a $2,500 grant and $1,000 for travel expenses to attend the national conference. As Corteva is the agricultural division of DowDuPont, Cinti will also receive mentoring with a DuPont Pioneer scientist, classroom resources and access to a DuPont Pioneer product plant or research facility.
"Ray demonstrates the values most educators strive to acquire at some point in their career, the ability to ignite a fire in students to be lifelong learners, problem solvers and critical thinkers," said Olivia Transue, chair of Green Mountain Valley School science department. "He exposes them to a variety of sophisticated procedures in order to open their eyes to how amazing life actually is, through the act of experimentally studying life, itself. The emotion and passion demonstrated in his lab-room is clearly apparent to everyone that interacts with him. He goes above and beyond in all that he does."
The grant funding helps support Cinti's students' ongoing investigations in the detection of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) at Vermont farms. The research is part of a course he conceived, designed and taught at Green Mountain Valley School.
The inspiration for the course began at last year's National Science Teachers Association National Conference, where Cinti received the 2018 Biotechnology Explorer Award. While there, he participated in workshops about GMOs, learning how to detect a variety of sequences in DNA. It was then, Cinti decided to design the class about GMO detection, incorporating visits to farms in the Mad River Valley and the Belter Farm in South Burlington.
"I wanted my students to discover for themselves, as real investigators do, whether or not crops had been genetically modified through the identification of these particular DNA sequences," said Cinti. "I wanted them to experience the sheer abundance and prevalence of GMOs by first seeing if they could detect DNA in GMOs in various grocery store foods. I thought that if we started with food it would spark the authentic engagement and excite real curiosity."
After extracting DNA from a variety of foods, Cinti said his students "performed a series of (polymerase chain reaction) amplifications and a number of agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to verify results."
In addition, the class visited four Vermont farms, met with farmers and learned firsthand about the use of pesticides and herbicides. Plant seeds and leaves were sampled, after which the material was brought to their lab to extract DNA to detect foreign sequences.
"We used a lateral flow immunochromatographic assays," explained Cinti. "We also incorporated a variety of additional techniques used in agricultural biotechnology to detect foreign proteins such as ELISA, and protein fingerprinting. After detecting protein, the plan was to investigate the presence of foreign DNA."
Cinti, who is a graduate of University of California Davis, invited Dr. Pamela Ronald, a professor at his alma mater, to be a guest speaker via FaceTime.
"It was an incredible privilege to have one of the lead scientists in the world speak and take questions from our students," said Cinti.
Also working with the University of Vermont, Cinti invited Department of Plant and Soil Science assistant professor Eric Bishop von Wettberg to share his research on chickpeas. The professor explained how he and his team searched for genes in the Middle East that will help legumes better adapt to the predicted future of climate change.
"They were able to see how an agricultural scientist approaches real life questions and tries to solve real world problems," remarked Cinti. "Eric commended their experimental designs and their lab skills. That praise, coming from a scientist in the field, helped validate their investigations and study."
As a result of that visit, Cinti said he is collaborating with UVM in an effort to offer a plant genetics research class at Green Mountain Valley School.
"This would open the door to some amazing possibilities; future students could partner to do novel research in plant and agricultural science," he said.
Cinti's Corteva $2,500 grant will go towards development of this new course, allowing the purchase of required reagents and specialized equipment essential to conduct numerous investigations.
"The plan for the future would be to possibly investigate soil biodiversity through the use of DNA barcoding or amplify genes in plants and sequence them in order to better study crops' capacity for adaptation and their resilience in the face of climate change," explained Cinti, adding, "This would be a major opportunity to experience the joy of discovery for the students and the greater Vermont community."


text: Small satellites are wonderful opportunities and a potential serious space safety dilemma. Their size and mass could reduce launch costs greatly. Their limited kinematic capabilities and small cross sections could also complicate orbital safety. Several missions require many small satellites, increasing the overall risk to themselves and others. As efficient, miniaturized components and propulsion techniques develop, small satellites can operate on orbit longer and in higher orbits, posing enduring risks in higher orbits. This paper considers small satellite operational concepts and capabilities that should minimize risk without compromising technical or economic potential. We propose satellite classifications on orbit based on functionality rather than size or mass. Some large satellites with limited capability can present even worse risks than small satellites.