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Summer Safety Safari
P.E. & Health
Title – Summer Safety Safari
By – Nancy Hagerty
Primary Subject – Health / Physical Education
Grade Level – 1
First grade students will demonstrate their understanding of summer safety by creating guidelines for Summer Safety posters.
Health Education Standards:
- Students will comprehend concepts related to health promotion and disease prevention.
- Students will demonstrate the ability to use goal-setting and decision-making skills that enhance health.
- Students will demonstrate the ability to advocate for personal, family and community health.
- Students will identify personal health and safety needs.
- Students will describe the relationships between personal health behaviors and individual well-being,
- Students will develop injury prevention and management strategies for personal health.
- Students will become aware of their responsibility for personal injury protection and safety.
- Various art materials
- Teacher created hazard and safety precaution sheet
- As a class, we will brainstorm a list of summer activities.
- The students will determine which activities can be categorized together.
- Swimming, sun exposure, camping, insects, bike safety, riding in a car, playing at a park, sports, heat, severe weather, etc.
- Each table will be given one of the categories to determine the hazards of that particular activity.
- The students will record the hazards on the sheet provided.
- The students will come together as a group to share their hazards.
- Each table will address their individual hazards and develop safety precautions for each one of them.
- The students will record the generated safety precautions on the sheet provided.
Check for Understanding:
- Each group will incorporate their ideas into a poster.
- The students will present their posters to the class for discussion.
- Posters will be displayed in the halls the last 2 weeks of school.
- Each group of students could work cooperatively with a parent on the computer to create a summer safety brochure to take home over the summer.
- Students could work together to create a short skit and/or puppet show demonstrating some of the safety precautions.
**Field Day Extension:
- Most buildings do a field day of sorts near the end of the year, so why not build the activities around the summer safety theme?
- Each "station" of the relay type course could represent a summer activity.
- Students would have to perform some sort of safety activity relevant to that station, Example:
- Swimming: Apply sunscreen and find a buddy.
- Camping: Put dirt on the campfire and tuck jeans into socks for hiking.
- Parents usually turn out to bring snacks and cheer the kids on so they would be getting the messages too.
- Administrators would like it because instruction is still being given.
- Everyone is a winner because each is exposed to safety awareness!
E-Mail Nancy Hagerty!


Hydrostatic Weighing
Hydrostatic weighing, also known as Hydrodensitometry or underwater weighing, is a classic measure of body composition. The test involves the subject being lowered into a water tank until all body parts are emerged, expelling all the air from the lungs, then weighed.
purpose: the aim of underwater weighing is to measure the density of the body, and from that figure calculate percentage body fat
equipment required: Hydrostatic stainless steel weighing tank, including underwater mounted chair and scale, weighted belt and nose clip. A more simple set up may include a chair and scale suspended from a diving board over a pool or hot tub.
pre-test: Explain the test procedures to the subject. Perform screening of health risks and obtain informed consent. Prepare forms and record basic information such as age, height, body weight, gender. See more details of pre-test procedures.
procedure: The dry weight of the subject is first determined. The subject, in minimal clothing, then sits on a specialized seat, expels all the air from their lungs, and is lowered into the tank until all body parts are emerged. The person must remain motionless underwater while the underwater weight is recorded. This procedure is repeated several times to get a dependable underwater weight measure. See videos about Hydrostatic Weighing.
scoring: Body density = Wa / (((Wa - Ww) / Dw) - (RV + 100cc)), where Wa = body weight in air (kg), Ww = body weight in water (kg), Dw = density of water, RV = residual lung volume, and 100cc is the correction for air trapped in the gastrointestinal tract. The body density (D) can be converted to percent bodyfat (%BF) using the Siri equation. For more accuracy residual lung volume (RV) should be physically measured, though there are calculations for RV estimation. One estimation of residual volume is one third of forced vital capacity (FVC). See lung function tests.
advantages: Underwater weighing is the most widely used test of body density and in the past was the criterion measure for other indirect measures.
disadvantages: The equipment required to do underwater weighing is expensive. The tanks are mostly located at university or other research institutions, and there is generally not easy access for the general population.
validity: This method may underestimate body fat percentage of athletes as they tend to have denser bones and muscles than non-athletes, and may overestimate body fat percentage of elderly patients suffering from osteoporosis.
comments: The water temperature is often elevated to provide a comfortable experience for the subject, however the density of water is dependent on the temperature and should be factored into the equation.
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The label "no added hormones" on meat products means farmers have raised the source of meat without supplemental hormones. Other versions of the label include "raised without hormones," "no hormones administered," or "no synthetic hormones."
It can sound kind of serious to someone just reaching for a snack, but we know your health is important and you have every reason to be concerned about consuming foods with added hormones.
While the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several steroid hormones for use in cattle, hogs, and sheep raised for meat since the 1950s, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA, the European Union equivalent to the FDA) and several other countries ban the use. Underpinning the confusion are several independent studies showing that added hormones have been traced to cancer and early puberty.
This ocean-sized rift between the FDA and other international agencies leaves many questions for regular consumers. So, let's take a closer look at the use of added hormones in meat production and why anyone snacking on jerky should avoid them.
Hormones are chemical messengers found in almost every animal (including people) that encourage organs to exert energy. They influence complex processes like growth, metabolism, and fertility.
Hormones are a natural part of an animal's physiology and you can find trace amounts in the food you consume. However, medical technology has allowed farmers to introduce increased amounts of hormones—added hormones—into their livestock's bodies, which also find their way to your food.
Animals produce hormones naturally, including humans.
The most common are:
Upon seeing "no hormones" or "hormone-free" on any label, you would be right to raise an eyebrow. Every type of meat people consume comes from hormone-producing animals.
Hormones, however, become a problem when they are introduced unnaturally.
Food producers primarily use added hormones in beef and other meats to increase yield. Some farmers add hormones to their livestocks' feed, but many also implant a dissolvable pellet behind the animal's ear. Interestingly, the ears of animals treated with pellets are discarded rather than put in the food supply.
|Common Uses of Added Hormones in Meat Production
|Cattle and sheep raised for meat
|Dairy cows, hogs
The FDA has only approved growth hormones in meat production for beef-producing cattle. They have not approved added growth hormones for dairy cows, veal calves, pigs, or poultry. However, additional hormones are approved to accelerate birthing and milk production in hogs and dairy cattle.
Growth and reproductive hormones are the only types approved for added use in the lifecycle of meat livestock. They can be naturally occurring or synthetic versions of the natural hormone.
|Common Hormones Found in Meat
These hormones are also found in people and are medically approved for use on humans, but they still may have unintended effects.
While the FDA has approved adding hormones to meat, studies have linked hormone increases in humans to health concerns such as cancer and premature puberty.
Craig Minowa, an environmental scientist with the Organic Consumers Association, explained the dilemma in a recent WebMD article. He says that despite many meat industry-funded studies showing supplemental hormones in meat pose no risk to consumers, many independent studies say otherwise.
For example, researchers have tied increased estrogen levels in people to higher rates of breast cancer. A synthetic hormone, DES (Diethylstilbestrol) farmers used in the 1970s was taken off the market after it was connected to higher vaginal cancer rates in women. While there's no conclusive evidence, many tie meat hormones to early puberty in people.
Low-quality, mass jerky producers are focused on creating more products, not quality products. And, they have built added hormones directly into their business plan. They rely on unnaturally large livestock to produce more meat. It helps them make big profits, regardless of how it impacts your health (or the flavor of the meat). For them, cost is the bottom line.
This is not the case with quality beef jerky, which uses beef raised without added hormones. Cattle raised without added hormones tend to come from more conscientious farmers who take a more natural approach to raising animals. Livestock raised without added hormones are typically fed a healthier diet and live happier, longer lives.
Beef jerky made without added hormones may be a little more expensive, but you also get delicious, rich, natural beef flavor, without the additives.
At Karl Family Farms, we only craft high-quality meat snacks. We never give added hormones or other supplements to our animals. From start to finish we raise them on fresh grass, in open pastures where they are free to roam. Plus, we never use chemical preservatives in our recipes.
This natural approach produces safer, healthier, and more delicious snacks for you. And we believe it's the right way to do things. The results are wholesome, delicious snacks that everyone will enjoy. Give them a try! We're sure you agree.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Through funding from the Ontario Trillium Foundation, the Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group (HALO) led a series of webinars on physical literacy and the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy.
Physical Literacy Assessment 101
The goal of this session is to provide attendees with an overview of physical literacy and introduce the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy (CAPL). Attendees will be provided with a brief history of how the CAPL was developed and why it is a valid and reliable assessment of physical literacy for children 8 to 12 years of age. Attendees will also learn the benefits of using the CAPL within their program, including how assessment results can enhance program delivery.
A Practitioner's Guide to Doing the CAPL
During this interactive session, attendees will be provided with an in-depth description of the CAPL domains (Daily behaviour, Physical Competence, Knowledge and Understanding, and Motivation and Confidence) and learn how to administer each of the CAPL protocols. Attendees will learn the ins and outs of how the CAPL can easily integrate into their existing programs.
The Obstacle Course Advanced Skill Development
One of the CAPL protocols used within the Physical Competence domain is an obstacle course that assesses a child's fundamental, complex and combined movement skills. This session will use a hands-on approach to teach attendees how to administer, score and interpret the CAPL obstacle course.
What Do My Physical Literacy Assessment Results Mean?
It is important for leaders, parents, and children to be able to interpret the results of the CAPL assessment. During this session, attendees will be taken through the CAPL website step-by-step and learn how to calculate and summarize assessment results. After this session, attendees will understand what the CAPL assessment results mean for the child and programme provision.
Putting Physical Literacy within REACH (Recreation, Education, Allied health, Coaching, Healthcare)
Sometimes it may be easier to screen the children in their program for physical literacy deficits and only use the CAPL with children who are struggling on their physical literacy journey. During this interactive session, attendees will learn how to administer quick and easy physical literacy screening tasks that, in less than five minutes, will enable leaders to identify the children who are most like to be struggling on their physical literacy journey.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Calculate composition and microstructure, Mechanical Engineering
It is desired to produce an iron-carbon alloy that has a minimum hardness of 200 HB and a minimum ductility of 35%RA. Is such an alloy possible? If so, what will be its composition and microstructure (coarse and fine pearlites and spheroidite are alternatives)? If this is not possible, explain why.
Posted Date: 3/1/2013 7:28:21 AM | Location : United States
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Finding the minimum information for passenger lists
To find the name of the port of exit on a passenger list, you must at least know the individual's full name and the approximate date of arrival. However, the more information you know, the better. For example, if you know the individual's nationality or the port of arrival, you will be able to narrow down your search. If you do not have the minimum information to find a passenger list, you can either:
Get help finding some of the minimum information by selecting one of the following items,
click the Back button on your browser to return to the list of other places where you can find a port of exit, or
read the paragraphs below for a few additional tips.
Finding passenger lists
Knowing the port of entry may help you find the passenger list that you need. Contact the state archives or National Archives branch in the vicinity of the port of entry and find out what type of ship arrival records they have for that port. Once you know the names and dates of ships that came through the port of entry, you can begin looking up passenger lists under various ship names. You don't have to look up the lists for all of the ships that came through that port, but only for those that came from a likely port of exit and arrived on the date you think your ancestor entered the country. Eventually, you may come across the passenger list that contains your ancestor's name.
If you don't know the port of entry, then you can make some educated guesses. For example, many people moved hundreds of miles away from their port of entry, but others stayed in the general area. If you can make an educated guess, you at least have a possible place to start looking for passenger lists. If you don't know exactly where an individual lived when they arrived in the United States, you may be able to take a guess at it by finding out where they were at other points in their life. For example, where did they get married? Where were their children born? Where did they die? Where were they at the time of each census? The answers to these questions may help you out. For assistance finding any of this information, return to the main Step-by-Step topic.
Finding a port of exit
If you know that your ancestor departed from Hamburg, you should check the departure records that are available through the Family History Library of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The departure records for Hamburg are indexed by year from _PHONE_, and usually give the individual's town or village of residence in Europe.
Make sure to check photo albums, scrapbooks, diaries, and family Bibles at home. See the topic Finding information at home for more information. Also check for local histories. See the topic Finding previous research.
Return to the Main Menu of the Genealogy "How-To" Guide
|© 2011 Ancestry.com|

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The quarry pond at Halibut Point State Park in Rockport.
–>Last summer the White House, in partnership with various Federal Land Management agencies, kicked off an initiative to help children become more active and increase their time spent outdoors. "A Kid In Every Park" granted all children entering fourth grade for the 2015-2016 school year a complimentary pass to all national parks, national forests, and other federally-managed lands.
To align itself with this initiative, the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR) launched a parallel program, the Great Outdoors Expert Challenge. The DCR's program, which includes free admission to state parks for every child with a Kid In Every Park pass, focuses on properties here in Massachusetts, and encourages children to aim for ten key experiences.
1. Explore Nature:Attend a nature program hosted by our park interpreters!
2. Play! Have fun at one of our playgrounds, courts or ball fields!
3. Get your Feet Wet or Go for a Swim: Visit one of our many lakes, ponds, pools, or ocean beaches!
4. Follow a Trail:Hike a Healthy Heart Trail, or pedal along one of our rail trails!
5. Camp Under the Stars: Stay overnight at one of our 29 campgrounds across the state!
6. Connect with the past: Visit a historical park and learn about Massachusetts's rich history!
7. Hike a Summit:Visit a mountain in Massachusetts and hike to the top for a great view!
8. Picnic in a Park:Attend one of our Outdoor Kitchen Programs or make your own healthy recipe to enjoy at our parks!
9. Bring a Friend to a Park He or She has not Visited: Be adventurous, visit a new park and try a new activity!
10. Share Your Story (in video, pictures or words): Tell us about your experiences and the reasons you love our state parks! #EveryKidinaPark #MassParks
Even if you're not eligible for free admission, our state parks are relatively inexpensive to visit (often there is no fee at all). And there are so many! Twenty four in the Boston area, 39 out west, 29 in Central Massachusetts, 31 north of Boston, and 38 here in the South Region. In all, we have 161 state parks in Massachusetts. Time to plan some summer adventures! Or if you're not inclined to travel, you could apply the same criteria listed above to our local parks and conservations areas.
Eventually, I'd like to visit all of our state parks. I am very slowly making my way through the list. Last year it was Purgatory Chasm, the Cape Cod Rail Trail, and Wompatuck. The year before, Mount Greylock and the Blue Hills.
In June, I was able to check off two items: Mount Sugarloaf State Reservation in South Deerfield, and Halibut Point State Park in Rockport. So I've done my summit (#7) and also my trail (#4), and here I am sharing my story (#10)!
If nothing else, visit Mount Sugarloaf State Reservation for the view. Located at 300 Sugarloaf Street, just off Route 91, this park gives you a bird-s eye view of the Pioneer Valley. You can see the town of Sunderland up close, with UMass Amherst and points south in the distance. You have the option of driving (or maybe biking?) up the auto road, or you can hike an adjacent trail through the woods. My son (age 10) and I, along with another family with slightly younger children, spent about an hour climbing up. Once at the summit, we ascended the spiral staircase to the top of the observatory, where – it being a weekday, and thus not crowded – we could spend some time enjoying the panoramic vistas. The summit would be a great place for a picnic too. There are tables, and plenty of lawn on which to rest, plus clean restrooms!
A few days prior, I visited Halibut Point State Park on my own, having traveled to the North Shore for work. Situated on Cape Ann, Rockport is a beautiful coastal town and a tourist attraction, in part because of its shops, inns and restaurants. Just a couple miles out of the town center you'll find both Halibut Point State Park and an adjoining property managed by the Trustees of Reservations. Together they offer hours of activity – walking paths, hiking trails, tide pools, local history, and spectacular views. The park centers around a 19th-century granite quarry. Look for the self-guided tour pamphlet and fill yourself in on its history. The rocky slopes that lead down to the ocean are inviting as well. Swimming isn't advised, but I saw numerous visitors in beach chairs enjoying the sunshine and the sounds of the surf. Parking is limited, so if you're visiting on the weekend, arrive early or make alternate plans in case you have to wait to get in.
For more information about Massachusetts State Parks, visit _URL_
by Kezia Bacon
Kezia Bacon's articles appear courtesy of the North and South Rivers Watershed Association, a local non-profit organization devoted to the preservation, restoration, maintenance and conservation of the North and South Rivers and their watershed. For membership information and a copy of their latest newsletter, contact NSRWA at _PHONE_ or visit _URL_. To browse 20 years of Nature (Human and Otherwise) columns, visit _URL_


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VERMONT DESIGN INSTITUTE
sustainable community development and problem-solving through holistic design and planning
DEFINITION OF THE TERM ECOLOGICAL DESIGN
By John Todd and Diane Gayer, April 20, 2010
Ecological Design, or ecomimetics, is an applied ecological science and holistic practice that is rooted in the precepts, principles, and dynamic systems inherent in ecosystems and evolutionary patterns and processes.
Ecological Design sees all systems as complex, adaptive systems, whether they contain human actors or not. Ecological Design therefore takes a systems approach. This perspective is essential if one hopes to reintegrate humans with the rest of nature and begin to heal the ecosystems we co-habit. Ecological Design employs transdisciplinary integration, cooperative energy, creative synthesis, and true participatory problem-solving to understand and resolve increasingly complex issues.
Ecological Design and engineering can be applied to a broad spectrum of activities including energy and fuel production, the cultivation of foods, waste treatment and conversion, landscape restoration and management, forestry and agro-ecosystems.
Ecological Design can be applied to architecture, community and urban design and planning. It can be used to create ecological industrial parks, including the manufacturing of new materials and products from natural systems. Ecological Design can assist in the formation of social and economic systems adapted to an emerging era of resource constraints and information richness.


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The Cronulla Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) is one of 30 wastewater treatment and water recycling plants in greater Sydney, the Blue Mountains, and the Illawarra. It is owned and operated by Sydney Water, Australia's largest water utility. The plant is located on the southern end of the Kurnell Peninsula (about 18 km [11 miles] from the city center), and treats about 54 million liters (14 million gallons) of wastewater a day.
Like many of Sydney Water's WWTPs, the Cronulla WWTP is located in a sensitive environmental area. Concerns regarding the potential impact of odors on a new residential development near the WWTP led to a review of odor sources and environmental factors. The source of odor was determined to be coming especially from the primary treatment areas: inlet screening, grit tanks, primary sedimentation tanks (PSTs), PST launders, inter-stage overflow, and pumping station areas. There were existing covers on the grit tanks, launders and the inter-stage overflow area, but the covers had reached the end of their service life and were not effectively controlling odor emissions.
Sydney Water felt it had an obligation to be a responsible neighbor, so it decided to develop and implement an odor control improvement project that would drastically reduce predicted odor impacts. The project would also ensure the Cronulla WWTP could continue to perform in line with environmental requirements. The Odor Management Program Alliance (Sydney Water, Lend Lease, and CH2M Hill) worked to design, deliver, and manage the project, which included three areas of focus related to odors:
- Covering the various treatment tanks to capture foul air while allowing the required operator and maintenance teams access to tank internals.
- Rehabilitating and protecting concrete structures below the covered areas to ensure the intended asset life.
- Constructing a new odor treatment facility to capture and treat the foul air.
Because the Cronulla WWTP had been identified as having a 'high odor risk', the design and implementation of the odor control technology was important. "Odor control covers must be tailored to suit the requirements of plant operational and maintenance teams," says Robert Aurisch, Cronulla Plant Manager. A combination of innovative and traditional cover solutions were needed to address the odor issue.
Sydney Water and their engineering advisor, CH2M Hill, researched available cover technologies to determine the appropriate cover designs for the different process units at the Cronulla WWTP. When it came to choosing a cover technology for the PSTs, launders, and portions of the inter-stage overflow area, operational and maintenance teams at the Cronulla WWTP knew that access and egress would be critical factors. For example, when PSTs are taken out of service for cleaning, the scraper flights must be lifted slightly to allow wash water and residuals to drain. Any odor control cover must allow this access. Considerations also included safety, manual handling requirements, confined spaces, air tightness, maintainability, and cost. Retractable covers from Evoqua's Geomembrane Technologies™ brand were selected for these large areas of the plant, where access and egress were critical.
The retractable covers were chosen because they effectively capture foul air while still allowing workers quick and easy access to tank internals. The cover system consists of retractable fabric covers tensioned over supporting aluminium arches. The design includes inspection hatches as well as clear span guardrails that allow covers to be safely opened and closed without interference from standard guardrail supports.
Sydney Water and its Alliance partners developed and implemented the right solution for the Cronulla WWTP to help it fulfill its obligations as a neighbour within its community.
Wastewater is treated to tertiary standard (the highest level of treatment) and then used for irrigation. Odors are proactively controlled, while protecting plant infrastructure and allowing operational and maintenance teams to perform their necessary work.
With the newly designed ventilation system, Evoqua's Geomembrane Technologies™ brand covers are able to maintain a negative pressure of around 20 Pascal (0.08" w.g.), which means an odor capture of more than 99%.


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The United Nations is considering which new sites should be added to its World Heritage List.
Bam is thought likely to be added to the Heritage list
The 48 proposals include what could become North Korea's first entry on the list - a complex of dynastic tombs.
Unesco, the UN's cultural body, is also discussing how to protect its existing sites at its annual meeting in the ancient Chinese city of Suzhou.
A top Unesco official said development posed an even bigger threat to world heritage than war or natural disaster.
"What is most important at the moment is the very, very big urban development... which in many cases is made without proper respect for historical sites," said Mounir Bouchnaki, assistant director general of Unesco.
In a nod to the conference hosts, he said China faced an especially serious challenge because of the construction accompanying its rapid development.
One of the sites thought likely to be placed on the list of culturally or naturally important places this year is the Iranian city of Bam.
Its mud-brick fortresses survived for hundreds of years until an earthquake in December last year all but destroyed the city, and killed an estimated 26,000 people.
But Unesco has warned that another of Iran's ancient sites, the city of Isfahan, could be removed from the World Heritage list and branded "world heritage in danger" because of "uncontrolled urbanisation".
Rampant urbanisation may threaten Isfahan's status
Media in South Korea - which has seven World Heritage sites - have also been touting their northern neighbour's chances of getting its first.
North Korea and China are making a joint presentation on behalf of a series of tombs that straddle their border, dating from the Koguryo dynasty, which reigned from 277 BC to 668 AD.
North Korea applied to have the site recognised last year, but was turned down.
Unesco would not release the full list of 48 sites - saying the successful applicants would be named over the course of the conference, which lasts until 7 July.
A spokesman said there would be a lot of political to-ing and fro-ing before the decisions were announced.
"They are trying to limit the number of new sites," he told BBC News Online.
"In theory there should be a maximum of 30, but we'll have to see if they stick to that or go beyond it.
"There are a lot of different criteria which come into play."


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Semi-automatic laminator(touch screen digital control)
1. Intelligent temperature control system makes the temperature more homogeneous and easier to set and control.
2. Laminating pressure is adjustable and can be adjusted according to the process, which makes the quality of modules better.
3. It could work continuously in high temperature for 24 hours
4.The advanced touch screen operating platform makes it more intuitive to operate, makes it respond more quickly, make the performance more stable and the failure rate is further reduced.
5. Applying a fully humanized operating procedure. The equipment is equipped with many detection switches. In the normal production, operators will only be required to put the modules on the heating platform and press the cover switch. The equipment will automatically laminate, cure and open cover automatically and wait for operator to start the next procedure.


What is the meaning of Rayfield?
Rayfield \ray-fiel(d), ra-yfie-ld\ is a boy's name. It consists of 8 letters and 2 syllables.
The baby boy name Rayfield is pronounced REYFIYLD (*). Rayfield is of English origin. The name's meaning is'stream in the field'. A variant transcription of Rayfield is Rayfeld.
The name Rayfield in reverse order is "Dleifyar".
(*) English pronunciation for Rayfield: R as in "race (R.EY.S)" ; EY as in "ate (EY.T)" ; F as in "fee (F.IY)" ; IY as in "eat (IY.T)" ; L as in "lay (L.EY)" ; D as in "day (D.EY)"
List of baby names Rayfield:
Rayfeld and Roosvelt.
The baby name Rayfield fun facts:
The numerological value of the name Rayfield is number 8.
Number 8
English is origin of the name Rayfield
English is origin of the name Rayfield


What Is Gross Sexual Imposition?
By Staff WriterLast Updated Apr 16, 2020 9:05:32 AM ET
A person who forces another person to have sexual contact with a third party has committed gross sexual imposition. In the state of Ohio, gross sexual imposition is a third or fourth degree felony charge, depending on the circumstances.
The crime of gross sexual imposition entails the forced sexual contact between two or more people, none of which are the offender. One example of such conduct would be forcing someone to engage in prostitution. To accomplish this, the offender may use, or threaten to use, force or intentionally impair the victim's judgment. Drugging a victim, or waiting until their judgment is impaired by the use of drugs or alcohol, then forcing or coercing them into sexual contact with a third party is another example of gross sexual imposition. Additionally, forcing or coercing a person who is physically or mentally disabled to engage in sexual contact constitutes gross sexual imposition.


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Tanya shares the Mirror stamping technique with us today, combined with Chameleon pens.
By Tanya Batrak
Tanya explains her inspiration for this technique" I like that Chameleon pens can draw on different surfaces, and vellum is one of them. This ability will help you if you want to try a mirror stamping technique."
Materials Used: Chameleon Color Tones Deluxe Set; Warm Sunset (YO3); Olive Green (OL3); Deep Violet (VO4); floral stamp; watercolor paper; American Crafts ribbon.
- Stamp image several times on a scrap piece of paper to make a border. If you are happy with the result, now you can proceed on a card.
- Make 4 ¼ x 7"card from card stock.
- Draw a horizontal line with the pencil to divide the front side of a card in two.
- Stamp image several times over the pencil line to make a border.
- Color each image with the brush tip using Warm Sunset, Olive Green and Deep Violet infusing each color before coloring for 3 seconds.
- Cut a piece of vellum (3x7").
- Stamp the same image several times on a piece of vellum.
- Flip the vellum and you will see that the images now look down.
- Color each image on a vellum with the brush tip using Warm Sunset and Olive Green infusing each color before coloring for 3 seconds.
- Die cut the flower petals or cut them with scissors. Color each petal with the brush tip using Deep Violet infusing the color before coloring for 5 seconds. Add strokes with the same color with the bullet tip. Adhere all petals together. Color the center of a flower with Warm Sunset and adhere it on the flower.
- Adhere vellum, ribbon, flower and two petals on a card base.
This is such a great way to reverse the image of a stamp to get a mirrored effect, we will be bringing you more techniques soon from the team so do pop back soon!


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Conditions of Use
have you ever wondered what makes flamingos pink.Baby flamingos are grey when they are born.But they only eat shrimp and alge.They are high in pigments called carotenoids, that is also the reason that shrimp turn from grey to pink when we boil them.If a flimingo stops eating shrimp it feathers colors will fade.
ornithology is the study of birds. I study omnithology
a habitat is a place where a kind of animal lives.this is a habitat.
balenced means even. I eat on a balaced diet
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Comparison of Pixel-based Position Input and Direct Acceleration Input for Virtual Stick Balancing Tests
A virtual stick balancing environment is developed using a computer mouse as input device. The development process is presented both on the hardware and software level. Two possible concepts are suggested to obtain the acceleration of the input device: discrete differentiation of the cursor position measured in pixels on the screen and by direct measurements via an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). The comparison of the inputs is carried out with test measurements using a crank mechanism. The measured signals are compared to the prescribed motion of the mechanism and it is shown that the IMU-based input signal fits better to the prescribed motion than the pixel-based input signal. The pixel-based input can also be applied after additional filtering, but this presents an extra computational delay in the feedback loop.


(redirected from Trader (disambiguation))
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal, Wikipedia.
Related to Trader (disambiguation): Trading company
An investor who makes many trades throughout a trading day, buying and selling securities in order to profit from short-term changes in prices. For example, a trader may buy Stock A at $15 per share because he/she believes it will be $18 a few minutes, or hours, later. Traders engage in high risk activities because there is no guarantee that the price will move in the desired direction. However, traders provide a great deal of liquidity to the market. See also: Registered Competitive Trader.
A person who buys and sells securities with the goal of profiting from short-term price swings.
Traders who are dealers or market makers select the securities in which they will specialize and provide quotes on those securities in the marketplace.
They commit their firm's capital by taking positions in those securities and are ready to buy and sell at the prices they quote.
The term trader also describes people who execute transactions at brokerage firms, asset management firms, and mutual fund companies.


Society of African Journal Editors
Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal
Knowledge is the key to riches. Is the law (or anything else) protecting it adequately?
Authors: D van der Merwe
Journal: Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal
Information has brought about a new way of thinking and trading and a new concept of what is really valuable. In the present article the author explores whether efforts to catch up in various areas of law have kept pace with these developments. In the process some nice distinctions have to be made between data, information and intelligence and the various senses in which these terms are being used, depending on the context. In the end, one has to turn to legal philosophy and concepts such as post-modernism and empiricism in order to try to find a satisfying answer. PER/PELJ Vol. 4 2008: pp. 2-30


text:
Discrimination and harassment
The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences does not tolerate any form of discrimination or harassment.
The vice-chancellor is ultimately responsible for making sure that the university complies with the Discrimination Act. All managers and supervisors are obligated to make sure that any cases of harassment are investigated and acted upon. It is the responsibility of all staff to maintain a working environment free of any form of discrimination.
If you are the subject of discrimination or harassment, or if you believe someone else is:
- Contact your immediate superior.
- Describe what has happened, and take notes of when, where and how.
- Ask your employer to launch an investigation.
- The investigation should establish what has happened and what actions are needed.
- Accept all offers of support.
- Ask you union or health and safety representative for help.
If you have been the subject of victimisation or harassment, you can contact your immediate superior, the HR specialists, the Legal Affairs Unit or the occupational health services. You can also contact your union or health and safety representative. If you are a doctoral student, you can contact the doctoral student ombudsman.
Read the SLU guidelines on discrimination.


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Reinforcement Learning from Demonstration through Shaping / 3352
Tim Brys, Anna Harutyunyan, Halit Bener Suay, Sonia Chernova, Matthew E. Taylor, Ann Nowé
Reinforcement learning describes how a learning agent can achieve optimal behaviour based on interactions with its environment and reward feedback. A limiting factor in reinforcement learning as employed in artificial intelligence is the need for an often prohibitively large number of environment samples before the agent reaches a desirable level of performance. Learning from demonstration is an approach that provides the agent with demonstrations by a supposed expert, from which it should derive suitable behaviour. Yet, one of the challenges of learning from demonstration is that no guarantees can be provided for the quality of the demonstrations, and thus the learned behavior. In this paper, we investigate the intersection of these two approaches, leveraging the theoretical guarantees provided by reinforcement learning, and using expert demonstrations to speed up this learning by biasing exploration through a process called reward shaping. This approach allows us to leverage human input without making an erroneous assumption regarding demonstration optimality. We show experimentally that this approach requires significantly fewer demonstrations, is more robust against suboptimality of demonstrations, and achieves much faster learning than the recently developed HAT algorithm.


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The Lake Almanor Watershed Group (LAWG) held an end-of-year meeting Dec. 11 to address the opportunities that will be available in the spring of 2020.
A few years ago, LAWG was created as a working group under the direction of the Sierra Institute in order to expand their roll from an advisory committee for the Plumas County Board of Supervisors to the Almanor Basin Watershed Advisory Committee.
This new status has allowed the group to take on worthwhile projects benefiting the Almanor watershed.
The Sierra Institute has been a part of LAWG since its origins in the early 2000s, and provides watershed coordination for the group.
As listed on its website, the vision statement says, "LAWG is committed to sustaining a healthy watershed that ensures water quality and riparian and wetland habitat for fish, wildlife, and native plants while recognizing the importance of people's economic livelihood and quality of life."
The group continues to pursue its mission to maintain and improve the health of the Lake Almanor watershed by partnering with other local, business and governmental agencies to identify and complete watershed wide improvements.
At the Dec. 11 meeting held at the Best Western-Rose Quartz Inn, interested members of the community, along with representatives from LAWG, the Maidu Consortium and Sierra Institute discussed the planned lakeside demonstration gardens that are scheduled to begin on Maidu properties as the land transfers from PG&E are completed.
These demonstration gardens are designed to be educational sites designed to showcase how a local area should be managed.
It demonstrates what local indigenous fauna is and how it can help control erosion, conserve water and improve water quality, illustrating the best practices for landscaping an area while enhancing habitat.
LAWG welcomes interested business and community members, especially those that live or do business around the lake, to join their efforts to enhance the quality of life around the lake and across the entire Almanor watershed.


Tech Tip: Change your server's SMTP port
There are a few situations in which you might need to change the default port for a known service such as SMTP. For example, you might run antivirus software that requires a server to listen for SMTP traffic on a port other than 25.
If you need to change your SMTP port or another service port, follow these steps:
 1. Using Notepad or any text editor, open the Services file in Winnt\System32\Drivers\Etc.
 2. Comment out the following line by placing a pound sign [#] in the first position:
 smtp 25/tcp mail
 3. Create a new line for SMTP specifying the new port number, as shown below:
 smtp 2500/tcp mail
 4. Save and close the Services file.
 5. Reboot the server.
The system will now use the port you specified in the Services file for SMTP. While our example changes SMTP to port 2500, the port you use depends on the requirements of your software vendor, which should provide you with the required port number for its application.
Editor's Picks


Question: When Did The Dutch Get Surnames?
Why Dutch is called Dutch?
Specifically the phrase High Dutch referred to people from the mountainous area of what is now southern Germany.
Within the Holy Roman Empire, the word Netherlands was used to describe people from the low-lying (nether) region (land)..
What is the most common name in the Netherlands?
Popular Names in the NetherlandsBoysRankNamePct.1.Daan0.95%2.Sem0.93%3.Milan0.84%106 more rows
Are the Dutch Celtic?
Today, many Belgians and Dutch from the southern areas of the Netherlands, especially from remote and rural areas, would still carry Celtic DNA. This ethnicity was the most common in these lands before the arrival of the Germanic tribes, which absorbed them thanks to their numeric superiority.
What are Dutch last names?
Top 10 most common Dutch surnamesDe Jong. (86,534 in 2007) De Jong in 2007. … Jansen. (75,698 in 2007) Jansen in 2007. … De Vries. (73,152 in 2007) De Vries in 2007. … Van de Berg / van den Berg / van der Berg. (60,135 in 2007) Van de/den/der Berg in 2007. … Van Dijk. (57,879 in 2007) … Bakker. (56,864 in 2007) … Janssen. (55,394 in 2007) … Visser. (50,929 in 2007)More items…•
When did they start using last names?
Over time many names became corrupted and their original meaning is now not easily seen. After 1066, the Norman barons introduced surnames into England, and the practice gradually spread. Initially, the identifying names were changed or dropped at will, but eventually they began to stick and to get passed on.
Is van a middle or last name?
It is common that von names are gentry names, but there are also commoners with von names (it is a regional thing, I seem to recall). Van is the Dutch variant, and IMHO commoner names with van are more common in the Netherlands. It's not a middle name. It means "of" as in "John of the Schmidt family".
What race is black Dutch?
"There are strong indications that the original "Black Dutch" were swarthy-complexioned Germans. Anglo-Americans loosely applied the term to any dark-complexioned American of European descent. The term was adopted [by some people] as an attempt to disguise Indian or infrequently, tri-racial descent.
Did Jesus have a last name?
Jesus does not have a last name. … Christ is not a name, but a title. Christ means "anointed" or "Messiah", so Jesus became the "Christ" or "Messiah" when he got baptized at the age of 30.
What was the first last name ever?
Until the Shang Dynasty (_PHONE_ BC), people seemed to use matrilineal surnames, but afterward, they had switched to using patrilineal ones. The oldest surname known to have been recorded anywhere in Europe, though, was in County Galway, Ireland, in the year 916. It was the name "O Cleirigh" (O'Clery).
Why are Dutch surnames so weird?
They started having a census for the purpose of taxation, and forced everyone to have a family name, which was not a common practice for the Dutch. The Dutch thought this would be a temporary measure, and took on comical or offensive sounding names as a practical joke on their French occupiers.
Why do Dutch last names start with van?
listen)) is a very common prefix in Dutch language surnames, where it is known as a tussenvoegsel. … Van is also a preposition in the Dutch and Afrikaans languages, meaning "of" or "from" depending on the context (similar to de and di in the Romance languages).
What do Dutch people look like?
Dutch people have very open views and some of the most conservative communities. But besides all this, they love bicycles and the environment. … And if you want to recognize a Dutch when you see him, here are some physical traits of Dutch heritage: tall, blonde, blue eyes, freckles, large smile, athletic.
Are Dutch and German the same race?
Nederlanders) or the Dutch, are a Germanic ethnic group and nation native to the Netherlands….Dutch people.NederlandersCanada1,112,000Australia336,000Germany128,000Belgium121,00025 more rows
What is the rarest last name?
How did the Dutch get their surnames?
Ultimately, a surname could be taken from anywhere. Typical sources included unique and sometimes unflattering nicknames, a person's patronymic, their father's patronymic, a place of origin, an occupation, or a position within the community or within their own family.


text:
5 Ways Objects Can Communicate With Each Other Heading Towards Decoupling
Object A calls a method on object B. This is clearly the simplest type of communication between two objects but is also the way which results in the highest coupling. Object A's class has a dependency upon object B's class. Wherever you try to take object A's class, object B's class (and all of its dependencies) are coming with it.
Way 2. Decouple the callee from the caller
Object A's class declares an interface and calls a method on that interface. Object B's class implements that interface. This is a step in the right direction as object A's class has no dependency on object B's class. However, something else has to create object B and introduce it to object A for it to call. So we have created the need for an additional class which has a dependency upon object B's class. We have also created a dependency from B to A. However, these can be a small price to pay if we are serious about taking object A's class off to other projects.
Way 3. Use an AdaptorÂ
Object A's class declares an interface and calls a method on that interface. An adaptor class implements the interface and wraps object B, forwarding calls to it. This frees up object B's class from being dependent on object A's class. Now we are getting closer to some real decoupling. This is particularly useful if object B's class is a third-party class which we have no control over.
Way 4. Dependency Injection
Dependency injection is used to find, create and call object B. This amounts to deferring until runtime how object A will talk to object B. This way certainly feels to have the lowest coupling, but in reality just shifts the coupling problem into the wiring realm. At least before we could rely on the compiler to ensure that there was a concrete object on the other end of each call – and furthermore we had the convenience of using the development tools to help us unpick the interaction between objects.
Way 5. Chain of command pattern
The chain of command pattern is used to allow object A to effectively say "does anyone know how to handle this call?". Object B, which is listening out for these cries for help, picks up the message and figures out for itself if it is able to respond. This approach does mean that object A has to be ready for the outcome that nobody is able to respond, however it buys us great flexibility in how the responder is implemented.
Chain of command – way 5 – is the decoupling winner and here's an example to help explain why. Let object A be a raster image file viewer, with responsibilities for allowing the user to pick the file to open, and zoom in and out on the image as it is displayed. Let object B be a loader which has the responsibility of opening a gif file and returning an array of colored pixels. Our aim is to avoid tying object A's class to object B's class because object B's class uses a third party library. Additionally, object A doesn't want to know about how the image file is interpreted, or even if it is a gif, jpg, png or whatever. In this example object B, or more likely a wrapper of object B, will declare a method which equips it to respond to any requests to open an image file. The method will respond with an array of pixels if the file is of a format it recognizes, or respond with null if it does not recognize the format. The framework then simply asks handlers in turn until one provides a non-null response.
With this framework in place we are now free to slide in more image loaders with the addition of just one more handler class. And furthermore, on the source end of the call, we can add other classes to not just view the images, but print them, edit them or manipulate them in any other way we choose.
In conclusion, we can see that decoupling can be achieved and yield flexibility, but this does not mean it is appropriate for every call from one object to another. The best thing to do is start with straight method calls, but keep cohesion in mind. Then if at a later stage it becomes necessary to swap in and out different objects it won't be too hard to extract an interface and put in place a decoupling mechanism.
(Note: Opinions expressed in this article and its replies are the opinions of their respective authors and not those of DZone, Inc.)


text:
- Rectangular basin 30 m x 8.5 m with two outlet funnels
- Basin depth 2.8 m
- Funnel depth 5.8 m
Definition of tasks
- Sludge discharge control depending on the sludge level
- Continuous detection of both sludge levels and analog transmission to the control system
- Cost-efficient measurement system
- The two-channel version of the NivuScope 2 measurement system has been used to detect two separate sludge levels.
- Both separate sludge levels have been transmitted to the control system using both current outputs.
Maintaining a defined sludge level increases the dry substance concentration and hence increases the efficiency of the digestion tower


text:
A worker separates coffee cherries during harvest at a plantation in Brazil's Minas Gerais state. Brazil's coffee exports fell to 2.6 million bags in June, a 12 percent drop from a year ago, according to a report last week by Cecafe, the country's coffee export council.
Patricia Monteiro/Bloomberg via Getty Images
Jay Ruskey grows coffee next to avocados on his farm, Good Land Organics, in Goleta, Calif. The two crops are often grown together in Central America, partly because they can share fertilizer and water.
A Haitian woman holds cherries from a coffee tree. Haiti's coffee trade was once a flourishing industry, but it has been crippled by decades of deforestation, political chaos and now, climate change.
Patrick Farrell/MCT /Landov


text:
Call for Abstracts
Water Security and Climate Change Conference 2021
Hanoi, Vietnam March 1-3, 2021
We are pleased to invite the community of water and climate change experts to propose abstracts for the WSCC, 1-3 March 2021. Abstracts can be submitted on the WSCC website between 25 June and 30 September 2020!
The WSCC strives to offer a platform for international exchange, to uncover interdisciplinary linkages and to release synergies between scientific evidence and both societal and political decision strategies. We seek to contribute to a significant social change, following the idea of the Green Deal – as currently discussed in Europe. For example, abstracts that deal with transformation strategies in the sense of the ecological reconstruction of the economy are welcome. We kindly invite contributions of creative and practical approaches with relevance for water security and strategies to cope with climate change considering technical ecologic, economic and societal dimensions.
Find further information here (PDF)


text:
path-, patho-, -path-, -pathia, -pathic, -pathology, -pathetic, -pathize, -pathy
(Greek: feeling, sensation, perception; suffering, disease, or disorder; a system of treating diseases)
In medicine, some of these elements usually mean "someone who suffers from a disease of, or one who treats a disease"; so, they should not be confused with the words that mean "feeling" which are also shown on these pages even though both meanings come from the same Greek element.
2. Any disease of the vocal organs affecting speech.
3. Any disease or disorder of phonation.
2. The influence of light upon organisms.
3. Any abnormal change in the skin induced by light.
2. A central retina burn from excessive exposure to sunlight or other intense light (e.g. the flash of an electrical short).
3. Thermal damage to the retina because of intense light.
2. Involving a pathological modification of normal function.
2. The science dealing with the disturbances of bodily function resulting from disease.
2. The pathology of diseases caused by plant parasites.


text:
Skip to main content
Skip to navigation
The access keys for this page are:
British Columbia Geological Survey geoscientists carry out the systematic inventory and assessment of British Columbia geology. They provide raw data, analysis, and new concepts to guide geological, mineral resource, and environmental decisions. Integrating historical data with active research programs, our geoscientists draw on continuously advancing concepts and technologies to create new knowledge.
Here is our current team of professional geoscientists. To find a summary of their expertise and how to contact them click on their name.


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a result. When working with the ROWS clause this must be taken into account.
Aggregates with RANGE
Lastly, adding the RANGE to the OVER clause allows you to create aggregates which go to the beginning or end of the partition. RANGE is commonly used with UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING which goes to the end of the partition and UNBOUNDED PRECEDING which goes to the beginning of the partition. One of the most common use would be to specify the rows from the beginning of the partition to the current row which allows for aggregations such as year to date.
In the example below, we are calculating the average order size over time to the current row. This could be a very effective in a trending report.
,AVG(OrderAmt) OVER (ORDER BY OrderID RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING and CURRENT ROW) as AvgOrderAmt
order by OrderDate;
As you can see, the latest versions of OVER clause supports powerful yet simple aggregations which can help in a multitude of reporting and business solutions. Up next, the last blog in the series – Analytic Functions which are all new in SQL Server 2012.


Problem Set 5
Assigned: Oct. 11
Due: Oct. 18
Consider the following Datalog knowledge base:
1. child(charles,elizabeth).
2. child(charles,philip).
3. child(anne,elizabeth).
4. child(anne,philip).
5. child(william,charles).
6. child(harry,charles).
7. female(elizabeth).
8. male(philip).
9. female(anne)
10. male(charles).
11. male(william).
12. male(harry).
13. child(X,Y) => parent(Y,X).
14. parent(X,Y) ^ male(X) => father(X,Y).
15. parent(X,Y) ^ female(X) => mother(X,Y).
15. child(X,Y) ^ female(X) => daughter(X,Y).
16. child(X,Y) => descendant(X,Y)
17. child(X,Y) ^ descendant(Y,Z) => descendant(X,Z).
Problem 1
What new facts can be inferred using forward chaining? (You should explain how facts are combined with the rules to get new facts; e.g.
Combining rule 13 with fact 1 under the substitution X=charles Y=elizabeth gives the new fact
18. parent(elizabeth,charles).
You should not trace through the algorithms given in pseudo-code in the class notes.)
Problem 2
Show how backward chaining can be used to prove the goals:
(A) father(Q,charles).
(B) descendant(harry,philip).
You should trace paths that do not lead to a solution as well as those that do. Assume that backward chaining is executed in Prolog order; that is, subgoals are satisfied in sequence from left to right in depth-first order; rules are considered in the order they are listed above. You should show how subgoals are created from goals and rules but you need not trace the detailed algorithms. For example, given the goal "daughter(X,elizabeth)" your answer would have the following form:
Goal G0: daughter(X,elizabeth) matches rule 15 creating two subgoals:
 Goals G1: child(X,elizabeth) and G2: female(X).
 Goal G1: child(X,elizabeth) matches fact 1 under binding X=charles. Succeeds
 Goal G2: female(charles) fails. Return to G1.
 Goal G1: child(X,elizabeth) matches fact 3 under binding X=anne. Succeeds
 Goal G2: female(anne) matches fact 9. Succeeds
Goal G0 succeeds with X=anne.


text:
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In Global News: Lifesaving Smartwatch, Superior AI Model for Predicting Death Risk in Heart Disease Patients, and Open Heart Surgery on Pregnant Patient
Patient Care and General Interest
The heart rate tracker in a man's smartwatch reportedly warned him of a major heart attack, which may have saved his life.
A surgical team in Nepal performed a rare open heart surgery on a pregnant patient with type A aortic dissection.
Drugs and Devices
A new study suggests that the HDAC inhibitor, which is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of patients with other cancers, may also be useful in treating small-cell lung cancer.
Lung cancer patients have gained access to a potentially life-extending drug in Ireland, following its approval by Ireland's Health Services.
Research, Trials, and Funding
A recent study published in the British Medical Journal suggests that diclofenac, a commonly used painkiller, is associated with an increased risk of serious cardiovascular problems.
Research from The Francis Crick Institute indicates that a model developed via artificial intelligence is superior at predicting risk of death in patients with heart disease than models designed by medical experts.


Sage: Ticket #18055: Improve lookahead in IntegerListsLex _URL_
 IntegerListsLex uses a depth first search in a prefix tree, with lookahead to prune branches. The purpose of this ticket is to improve the lookahead algorithm in two directions:

Detect more (all?) branches that can be cut.

Better time complexity; this probably will involve identifying important invariants and caching them.

 Example:: even just for n=1000 this is taking a long time:

 sage: n = 100 sage: IntegerListsLex(binomial(n,2)-1, length=n, min_slope=1).list()

 The following also take a long time, which should be optimized:

 sage: IntegerListsLex(10^100, max_length=1).list() sage: IntegerListsLex(499499, length=1000, min_slope=1).list()

 One could hope that one could reach an average complexity roughly linear in O(log(max_n), max_length) per list generated.

 Concrete steps:

If we want the floor function to satisfy the max_slope constraint, we need to do "reverse smoothing", and the floor function then depends on the interval [0,...,k) over which we want to consider it. The same holds for the ceiling function if we want it to satisfy the min_slope constraint. Let thus f_k and c_k be respectively the floor and ceiling functions for the interval [0,...k)

 Let's ignore the constraints on the length and on n for now. Then, f_k and c_k are valid lists. Prove the following remark:

 For any n between sum(f_k) and sum(c_k) there exists a valid list of length k and sum n.

 Putting back the length and sum constraints, there exists a valid list if and only if the interval I_k = [sum(f_k), sum(c_k)] intersects the interval [min_n, max_n] for some k between min_length and max_length.

Extend Envelope with a method .sum(k) which computes sum(f_k).

 It should have appropriate algorithmic and caching so that the overall time complexity of computing sum(f_k) for all k<=l is linear in l.

 Trick: store, for each j, the smallest i<=j such that between i and j the slope is exactly max_slope. The point is that computing the sum of the parts of f_k between i and j is constant time. Use that incrementally to derive quickly sum(f_k) from sum(f_j) for some j<=k.

 Suggestion for a faster development cycle: experiment with this by extracting the current code for Envelope in a separate file.

Use the above characterization and the .sum(k) methods to implement a method IntegerListsLex.is_empty which terminates with guaranteed result on non degenerate cases. This is essentially what the current lookahead method does, but starting from 0 and with guaranteed results thanks to the reverse smoothing.

 Determine precisely the degenerate cases where is_empty may take an arbitrarily long time (something like: the ceiling can be 0 for an arbitrary long time, without a known limit=0 and limit_start).

 Decide on appropriate metrics to bound tightly the complexity in the other cases (something around max_length, max_n, limit_start).

 As a side product, we probably want to store for later usage the information of which n admit a valid list, as a collection of non overlapping intervals. Then, deciding whether there exists a valid list of sum n for a given n can be achieved efficiently by dichotomy.

Assuming that l is a prefix of a valid list, find out how to determine for which i l+[i] is still a prefix of a valid list.

 Potential building block: the choice of a prefix imposes more constraints on the floor and ceiling later on (our former adapt method), and we want to keep track of that. Given a prefix l, write f_k(l) be the list obtained by extending l to a list of length k using the floor f_k, with appropriate forward smoothing. Same for c_k(l). Write 'I_k(l) = [sum(f_k(l)), sum(c_k(l))]'.

 Now, l is a prefix of a valid list if one of the I_k(l) intersect [min_sum, max_sum]. So, while increasing the length of l we want to do something like incrementally adapting the sequence of intervals I_k(l) to always make sure we stay within one of them.

Use this to reimplement lookahead(self) implementing the above, with a guaranteed result and good complexity. And if at all possible a constant time complexity when the constraints are simple (e.g. floor=0, ...).

 This method should support _current_list=[] as well.

Update next accordingly (the logic should be slightly simpler thanks to the handling of the empty prefix).


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One post tagged with "Control flow"
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· 6 min read
Xiaowen Zhang
Introduction
In the world of software development, understanding and effectively implementing control flow structures is a crucial skill. One such fundamental control flow structure is the if-else logic, which allows programmers to make decisions based on specific conditions. To better visualize and comprehend the execution of this logic, sequence diagrams can be a powerful tool.
Sequence diagrams, a part of the Unified Modeling Language (UML), are a graphical representation of the dynamic behavior of a system. They depict the interaction between different entities, known as "actors," and the messages exchanged between them over time. By leveraging sequence diagrams, developers can gain a deeper understanding of the flow of control and decision-making processes within their applications.
In this blog post, we will explore the intricacies of if-else logic and how to effectively represent it using sequence diagrams. We will delve into practical examples, provide step-by-step guidance, and showcase the benefits of this approach.


text:
was a Dadaist
and writer. He was born on April 6
and died on February 1
, near Locarno[?]
. One of the founders of the Dada movement, he was active in Zurich
, Switzerland from 1916 to 1920. He moved to the United States in 1940 and became an American citizen.
Richter was also the author of a first-hand account of the Dada movement titled Dada: Art and Anti-Art.
Hans Richter was also the name of a well known German conductor (_PHONE_). He is noted as one of Richard Wagner's greatest champions.
All Wikipedia text
is available under the
terms of the GNU Free Documentation License


text: The most widely used methods for sludge blanket measurements are based on acoustic or optic principles. In operation, both methods are expensive and often maintenance-intensive. Therefore a novel, reliable and simple method for sludge blanket measurement is proposed. It is based on the differential pressure measurement in the sludge zone compared with the differential pressure in the clear water zone, so that it is possible to measure the upper and the lower sludge level in a tank. Full-scale tests of this method were done in the secondary clarifier at the waste water treatment plant in Hecklingen, Germany. The result shows a good approximation of the manually measured sludge level.


What is the origin of the phrase shit-eating grin? How did it come to mean showing smugness or self-satisfaction of an individual's actions?
From the Urban Dictionary:
...these uses are documented in the Oxford English Dictionary no earlier than 1957
There have been similar expressions used quite far back:
In Book XXI of his History of Rome, Livy describes a Carthaginian sect of coprophages, the risus faecivorus, or shit-eating grin, being commonly displayed by its adherents.
Although, its origin is undetermined, they may have been incidents which caused the invention of this phrase. Below is an excerpt:
"1944 Jrnl. Nerv. & Mental Dis. XCIX. 959 Among demented patients in advanced stages of their illness,..it is not rare to see some of them grasp their own feces, chew them and eat them often with great pleasure and satisfaction (coprophagia).
 - I can recall, about 40 years ago, hearing some nurses who worked at a hospital for mentally disabled discuss various traits of patients, including the eating of feces. So there may indeed be a literal connection. – Hot Licks Mar 6 at 23:07
 - The quote about Livy XXI is pure hogwash -- you shouldn't believe everything you read in the Urban Dictionary! – Gareth Rees Mar 18 at 15:35
The phrase in slang dictionaries
The earliest slang dictionary coverage of the expression that I've been able to find is from Robert Chapman, New Dictionary of American Slang (1986), which offers this entry:
shit-eating grin n phr An expression of satisfaction; a gloating look: Go ahead, sit there with that shit-eating grin on your face—Earl Thompson/ stood there with a smug shiteating grin on his face—Fingered City
Nine years later, Robert Chapman & Barbara Kipfer, Dictionary of American Slang, third edition (1995) changes that basic definition only slightly:
shit-eating (or turd-eating) grin n phr by 1960s An expression of smug satisfaction; a stupid gloating look: [citations omitted]
Jonathon Green, Chambers Slang Dictionary (2008) provides a similar interpretation:
shit-eating grin n. (also cat-eating grin, crud-eating grin, shit-eating smile) {[from] shit-eating [1940s+, "1 a general term of disparagement 2 sly, duplicitous 3 toadying, subservient"} {1950s+} (orig. US) a smug, self-satisfied smile.
On the other hand, Tom Dalzell & Terry Victor, The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English (2006) counters with this rather different entry:
shit-eating grin noun a broad smile, ingratiating and unctuous US, 1957 [Citations omitted.]
The Earl Thompson quotation in Chapman's 1986 dictionary seems likely to come from his novel A Garden of Sand (1971), while The Fingered City (1975) is a book by Denison Hatch. If these dates are correct, neither instance that Chapman cites is particularly close to the earliest reported occurrences in print of "shit-eating grin."
Early instances of'shit-eating grin' and allied phrases, 1957–1961
The earliest confirmed matches for the phrase that I've been able to find in various database searches are from the period 1957–1961. I think it's worthwhile to consider several less taboo versions of the expression from this same period, since these may be instances of censorship-enforced euphemism. Readers can judge for themselves whether these are in fact euphemisms or simply weakly related (or totally unrelated) similar-looking phrases.
From Len Giovannitti, The Prisoners of Combine D (1957) [combined snippets]:
Both men looked up from their potato-peeling job as Bob Rawlins came into the combine and sat down on the bench opposite. He had a a queer grin on his face and Storch and Zukerman knew he was set to spring the latest rumor. Rawlins was the hottest fighter pilot ever born; he was also from Texas. Everybody knew this two seconds after meeting him; and three seconds after meeting him, everyone knew he was the biggest liar ever born. He loved rumors, good or bad, and spent his days living on each new one he heard or could dream up.
"Okay, what's the shit-eating grin for? What's up now?" Storch asked, winking at Zukerman.
Rawlins kept the grin. "You mean you ain't heard?"
"No, we ain't heard, so tell us before you choke," Storch said.
The expression here could very well mean "self-satisfied grin," although it is not altogether clear what sort of "queer grin" the author actually imagines is playing on the character's face. It seems entirely possible that the aspect of the grin that the author is focusing on in this passage is its artificiality, unnaturalness, or forcedness.
From Gene Brown, The Locust Fire (1957) [combined snippets]:
"'Hold up there, Tom," says Pappy.
"The colonel stops like he's been shot in the back. He's a damn fine figure of a man, especially in the dress pinks, with them squared-off shoulders. 'Well?' he says.
" Old Pappy walks around in front of him. I guess the colonel got a good whiff of the juice, because he kind of sways back on his heels. But Pappy steps up close, with a big dirt-eating grin on his face, and starts running his hands up and down the lapels. Then he flicks a little imaginary dust off the colonel's epaulets and moves back a pace. "That's a real pretty suit, Tom,' he says. 'Ain't it a pity all these poor hungry boys here can't be wearing one just like it?'"
Whatever the "dirt-eating grin" looks like here, a grin of satisfaction or gloating doesn't fit the context particularly well. Pappy is drunk, so his grin may be good-humored in a sloshed way, or it may be simply goofy, or it may be inappropriately familiar. Certainly, his conduct is insubordinate and highly offensive to the colonel.
From Hubert Selby, Last Exit to Brooklyn (1957):
He [Spook] picked up a old police bike for few bucks and fixed it up. You know, threw some paint on it and stole a wildass buddyseat all covered with fur and chrome, and was fulla piss and vinegar ta go. We toldim ta play it cool and relax and celebrate Tommys marriage. But he flipped when someone tried ta get that goddamn hat off his head so we said OK, wed go downstairs and look at his bike. So we looked. Big deal. Yaknow, when the cops is finished with a bike, man, its had it. But it was a bike and it moved. I think that sonofabitch woulda used it even if he had ta push it or pedal it like a kiddy car. So he kicks it over after 5 minutes and we listen to it cough and miss and Spook went puttin off with a shiteatin grin on his face and we went back up stairs and a few minutes later he comes back. Smilin all over the goddamn place and the strap of his hat under his chin. I tellya man, it was a pissa.
This is may be the 1957 quotation that most sources have in mind when they date "shit-eating grin" to 1957, although it is not the only instance from that year (as noted bove). Still, the sense of the phrase aligns reasonably well with the definition in Dalzell & Victor: "a broad smile, ingratiating and unctuous"—with the "broad smile" part, anyway.
From Evan Hunter, Strangers When We Met (1958):
Altar was smiling, but the smile was a crud-eating one, and Larry's years in the service had taught him to recognize the crud-eating grin and to know what it usually preceded. He felt himself stiffening.
"Sit down," Altar said. "Want a drink?"
"No." Belatedly, he added. "Thanks."
"Well, sit down anyway."
"Sure." Larry sat in the easy chair to the left of the bar unit, facing the blue couch upon which Altar still sprawled.
"I don't like to do this," Altar said. "I don't like it when it's done to me, and Christ knows it's done often enough. But I think there's a difference here, and if I'm wrong I'll apologize. Can I talk to you like man, Larry? Or do I have to give you the schmaltz?"
Here, the "crud-eating grin" seems to be a kind of grimace of forced conviviality preceding the imparting of bad news (in this case, the bad news is that Altar thinks that Larry's rough sketches "stink").
From Thomas Williams, Town Burning (1959):
"...A man killed my dog, that's all I know! Daisy, she was the sweetest little dog you ever see. She never hurt nobody, except rabbits. She was all hell on rabbits. Shot forty rabbits front of Daisy one year. I damn near lived on rabbits that year. You ought to heard Daisy on


Electrical Firing System - Firing Cables
Firing Cables
The type of firing cable used depends primarily on how many conductors is needed. Generally, 16 or 50 conductor cables are used, being this is the most common type of firing system configuration. Some systems are designed with a specific male/female polarity (i.e. one type solely used at firing system end and one type used at field module end) and some use the same sex connector for both ends. The specific polarity design usually used to imply the "direction" of the firing current and/or data signal (computerized system only); however, this is unnecessary in an analog (non-computerized) firing system, where there is not necessarily an "input" and "output" of the field module. In other words, you don't have to worry about which end of the cable goes where in an analog system which uses the same sex connector on both the slave and firing control module, ultimately saving you time during setup. In addition, firing cables can have a separate ground line secured to them for systems which are not internally grounded. See pictures below.
firing cables
fireworks firing cables
Check out how fireworks work!
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Source code for hidi.forking
from hidi.transform import Transform
from functools import partial
from concurrent.futures import ProcessPoolExecutor, ThreadPoolExecutor
def map_fn(pipeline, io, progress, **kwargs):
 return pipeline.run(io, progress=progress, **kwargs)
class ExecutorFork(Transform):
 def __init__(self, pipelines, progress=False):
 self.pipelines = pipelines
 self.progress = progress
 def executor_fork(self, Executor, io, **kwargs):
 with Executor(len(self.pipelines)) as ex:
 run = partial(map_fn, io=io, progress=self.progress, **kwargs)
 return list(ex.map(run, self.pipelines)), kwargs
[docs]class ThreadForkTransform(ExecutorFork): """ Fork a pipeline using :code:'concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor' as a backend for execution. This is useful if you have several transforms that perform well when running in concurrent threads such as IO heavy or CPU heavy tasks that execute outside the Python runtime. The forked transform will return a list of Pipeline outputs, in the same order as the forked pipelines were given. :param pipelines: An array of pipelines to fork execution to. :type pipelines: list[hidi.pipeline.Pipeline] :param progress: When True, progress of the forked pipelines will be logged. :type progress: bool :rtype list[Any] """ def transform(self, io, **kwargs): return self.executor_fork(ThreadPoolExecutor, io, **kwargs)
[docs]class ProcessForkTransform(ExecutorFork): """ Fork a pipeline using :code:'concurrent.futures.ProcessesPoolExecutor' as a backend for execution. This method is useful if you have several transforms that can be executed concurrently and are CPU intensive. The forked pipeline will now return a list of pipeline ouputs, in the same order as the forked pipelines were given. Special care must be taken as each transform must be pickled to a new process. :param pipelines: An array of pipelines to fork execution to. :type pipelines: list[hidi.pipeline.Pipeline] :param progress: When True, progress of the forked pipelines will be logged. :type progress: bool :rtype list[Any] """ def transform(self, io, **kwargs): return self.executor_fork(ProcessPoolExecutor, io, **kwargs)
[docs]class TrivialForkTransform(Transform): """ Trivial Fork Transform using an ordinary loop. :param pipelines: An array of pipelines to fork execution to. :type pipelines: list[hidi.pipeline.Pipeline] :param progress: When True, progress of the forked pipelines will be logged. :type progress: bool :rtype list[Any] """ def __init__(self, pipelines, progress=False): self.pipelines = pipelines self.progress = progress def transform(self, io, **kwargs): output = [] for pipeline in self.pipelines: output.append(pipeline.run(io, progress=self.progress, **kwargs)) return output, kwargs


text:
In 1918, Dickson began working with the USDA and received a joint appointment at the University of Wisconsin in 1919. He worked primarily on cereal and forage crops, studying a wide variety of pathogens and diseases. He taught a field crop diseases course, for which he wrote the popular Diseases of Field Crops, first printed in 1947. He helped to develop soil temperature tanks at Wisconsin, worked on Fusarium head scab, and studied the role of soil temperature on seedling blight of wheat and corn. In the 1930s, Dickson made a trip to Europe and the USSR to collect germplasm for breeding programs in the United States.
(Submitted for publication in July 2008.)


text:
Hera, zeus's last wife , has been directly or indirectly involved in placing most of these hurdles of zeus's seven wives, hera, also known as judo, has been the most quarrelsome and mistrustful of her hurband. When zeus discovered hera's treachery and returned in full-force, even the ambitious agamemnon, who looked forward to adding troy to his kingdom, considered retreat it was at this bleak moment that patroclus, the cousin of achilles, donned achilles' armor and went on to the battlefield. The norse and greek gods are believed to be two of the most popular mythologies even though they are different, there are still quite a few similarities. Difference between zeus and odin mythology has played a vital role in our society zeus and odin's reign has been studied from generation to generation, we thrive to copy how they run things during their times zeus is from greek mythology, while odin is from norse mythology.
Hera was the goddess of childbirth, family, and marriage juno was similar because she was also worshiped by the romans as the goddess of childbirth they were also similar because they were married to their brother zeus (jupiter. In greek mythology, hephaestus was the son of zeus and hera, the king and queen of the gods as a smithing god, hephaestus made all the weapons of the gods in olympus he served as the blacksmith of the gods, and was worshipped in the manufacturing and industrial centres of greece, particularly athens. Compare & contrast athena athena was born from zeus's head goddess of wisdom born to one parent presented with hat and armor athena was protector of the athens minerva minerva was not from any head ) goddess of wisdom born to one parent presented with hat and armor.
Curious to know the similarities and differences between zeus and poseidon you have come to the right place here you can learn all about these two gods and how they can be very similar but very different at the same time. By contrast, zeus was very clearly the head of the greek pantheon although zeus and thor were associated with thunder and (less clearly) to oak trees, the similarity ends there 87k views view upvoters. What are the differences between odin and zeus odin is the leader of the gods in norse mythology and typically described as a seeker of knowledge, while zeus is the rulers of the gods in greek mythology and possesses the power to control weather. He had five siblings hestia, hades, hera, poseidon and demeter (britannica) similarities between zeus and jupiter was the king god of greek or roman gods were the god of the sky, thunder, law and order, and fate. Though he is married more then once, his real queen is hera zeus is the father of hermes, hephaestus, dionysus, athena, ares, persephone, apollo, and artemis some also say that aphrodite is a daughter of zeus.
Zeus is the god of lightning, rain, storms, justice, law, and morals it makes it very fitting for him to be the ruler of the gods based on his aspects alone, but his individual creation story rivals the brutality and absurdity of norse mythology zeus was the youngest son of the ruler of the titans cronus, and his mother rhea. The most important of all the gods are the twelve olympians (zeus, hera, poseidon, demeter, athena, apollo, artemis, ares, aphrodite, hephaestus, hermes, and dionysus), who came to power after overthrowing the titans. Sorry for all these comments, let's return to zeus and hera as the wife of the king of the gods, hera was respected and she was the goddess who protected women and marriage she probably was a divinity which was anterior to zeus, a kind of mother goddess, but the memory of this initial goddess faded away. Difference between jupiter and zeus tweet despite of having four children with his wife hera, zeus is believed to have produced many offspring through his liaisons with goddesses and princesses also, zeus is said to have overthrown his father cronus to rule the earth, the skies and the seas comparison between jupiter and zeus. Comparison-both were king of the gods both were looked up to and highly favorited zeus is just one god while amun ra is associated with the sun god ra.
Compare/contrast god and zeus similarities they were both the highest of the gods they both had sons they both produced floods to distroy humans he would test his people. Zeus and hera compare/contrast essay mount olympus, sky there are many up's and down's in a marriage for example, zeus and hera their relationship was very complicated in mythology they had many differences and complications, but they did have some qualities that were the same zeus and hera are similar because they both are powerful. Zeus then became lord of the universe and shared his power with his brother and sisters throught his lifetime, zeus had many wifes, but his sister hera remained his queen in norse mythology, thor is the god of thunder. Finally, hera and athena appeal to zeus, who gives them permission to intervene on the achaeans' behalf hera rallies the rest of the achaean troops, while athena encourages diomedes she withdraws her earlier injunction not to attack any of the gods except aphrodite and even jumps in the chariot with him to challenge ares.
Hera—juno supreme among the goddesses, as wife and sister of zeus, stands hera, the juno of roman mythology her greek name signifies simply lady, or mistress, (hera, the feminine of heros, as in old german herrin is the feminine of herr. O and othello the contrast between both the movie and the play is that odin was a basketball player and othello was a warrior othello and desdemona were married but odin and desi were just boyfriend and girlfriend. Design the pantheon is a circular building with a portico supported granite corinthian columns its roman concrete dome is 4535 metric tons it is made from several materials, including marble, granite, concrete and brick the parthenon is a doric temple supported by ionic columns. In contrast, greek gods and goddesses have their own names, such as zeus, hermes, ares and hera [ 12 ] for example, the goddess of love is venus in roman mythology and aphrodite in greek mythology.


text:
Choosing between constructor and setter methods
While the use of constructor helps in initializing the member variables during object creation. The setter methods help to assign values to member variables after the object has been created in the memory. The choice of constructor or setter methods for initializing the member variables depends upon the requirement.
Some of the examples where using a constructor which accepts arguments and then uses these arguments for initializing a member variables are:
- When no setter method has been exposed, the constructor can be used to initialize any private member variable. We can see this approach being used by the string class in JDK where in the constructor accepts a string literal object and use the characters of this literal to initialize the internal character array.
- When invoking the methods on constructor from super class is a requirement before object can be constructed, one has to resort to using constructors for member variable initialization.
- Another common scenario we constructors are used for initializing instance variable is is when those instance variables are quite significant for the object being constructed. For example when creating a Book class instance, passing the title of the book as an argument to the Book class constructor.
Using Setter Methods
Some of the examples where using the setter methods for setting instance variables are:
- When a large number of member variables are present in a class then using a constructor with say 15 arguments does not make sense and one should resort to using setter methods for initializing those 15 member variables.
- When the member variables have the property of changing their value quite frequently than one must be using the setter methods.
- The use of setter methods makes it clear as to which member variable is being set. This is because of the fact that proper naming convention is used for the names of setter methods whereas in case of constructor there is no clear indication about the arguments which need to be passed to the constructor.
One last point I want to make above the choice of using constructor or setter methods is that while one can overload the constructors to accept a different type and number of arguments which can be convenient in some cases. But that is not possible with the use of setter methods.


This week's word: REBARBATIVE
Not one of the nice words, rebarbative means unattractive, objectionable, annoying, repellant. It comes to us directly from the French rebarbatif, meaning literally to "face each other, beard to beard." That derives in turn from barbe, "beard," all going back to the Latin barba. We get barb and barber from the same source.
To understand how facing each other, beard to beard, came to signify something repellant, think of the related verb, to beard, to confront someone boldly or challenge. Beard and rebarbative are literally in-your-face words, with the disagreeableness inherent in such a situation.
Example: Though they had once been friendly, Edmund Wilson and Vladimir Nabokov fell out over Wilson's review of Nabokov's translation of Puskhin and thereafter exchanged rebarbative remarks in the pages of the New York Review of Books.
From last week: Tim contributed a memorable comment on last week's word, nonage: "What comes between nonage and dotage? Midage?"


text: We have grown spiral carbon nanofibers containing Pd metal clusters using the Pd2(dba)3 catalyzed decomposition of gaseous acetylene on molecular sieves (AlPO4-5) support. The microstructure and composition of the spiral carbon nanofibers were examined by the powder X-ray diffractometer and transmission electron microscope. The conductivity of the mat in the temperature range from 14 to 250 K could be described by the form of exp[−(T−1/4)]. The thermopower shows a remarkably linear behavior down to 40 K, reminiscent of some conducting polymers. The sign change of the thermopower suggests there exists more than one type of charge carrier, which could be ascribed to the different types of nanotube with various sizes of radius. The transport behavior of spiral carbon nanofibers containing Pd metal clusters will be discussed in the framework of the heterogeneous model.


Kyrgyzstan plans to promote wind energy
Kyrgyzstan is set to implement pathbreaking financial policies to promote development of wind energy sector in the country. Renewable energy has, so far, seen minimal development in Kyrgyzstan which generated most of its electricity from large hydro power projects. But now, the government is planning to offer significant tax incentives to project developers who look to set up wind energy projects.
According to media reports, the Kyrgyzstan government has proposed slew of tax incentives for the wind energy sector. As per the proposal of the parliament, income from wind energy projects shall be exempted from any tax for 8 years. Additionally, equipment imported from outside the country would be exempted from value-added tax.
These, and several other proposals, are expected to be approved by the Kyrgyz parliament over the next few weeks.
While the government has not announced the planned capacity addition, it plans to set up 3 wind energy projects with the first expected to come up near the lake of Issyk-Kul.
According to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the country had an installed power generation capacity of 3,680 MW in 2012, of which only 1% (or 41 MW) was based on renewable energy technologies.
Among all renewable energy technologies, solar power has the largest potential in Kyrgyzstan. Solar power has an estimated technical potential of 267 GW while wind energy and small-hydro power have potential of 1,500 MW and 1,800 MW, respectively.


Guest, Barbara Hand Clow
Guest Name:
Barbara Hand Clow
Barbara Hand Clow
Guest Occupation:
Author, astrologer, cosmologist, ceremonial teacher, researcher
Guest Biography:
Barbara Hand Clow is an internationally acclaimed ceremonial teacher, astrologer, cosmologist, author, and Mayan Calendar researcher. Her numerous books include The Pleiadian Agenda, Alchemy of Nine Dimensions, Awakening the Planetary Mind and The Mayan Code. Her recent two books are part of a trilogy: Revelations of the Ruby Crystal, and its sequel, Revelations of the Aquarian Age,
Revelations of the Aquarian Age is the second of three works of fiction in the "contemporary spiritual and erotic thriller genre" by this bestselling author. The quasi-fictional narratives reveal church revelations and esoteric teachings on Jesus and Mary Magdalene, holy relics, sacred sexuality and art. This is a very well-researched book which received early praise from Nicki Scully, Tricia McCannon, Graham Philips, Andrew Collins and others.
"Barbara Hand Clow opens the door to understanding the importance of the Divine Feminine to heal our world and why the wisdom once taught by Jesus and Mary Magdalene, which was repressed by the Church for over 2000 years, is so crucial to the time we are living in now." Tricia McCannon, author of Return of the Divine Sophia.
Barbara has taught at sacred sites throughout the world
Revelations of the Aquarian Age


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I would like to use a type that behaves like a simple list of pairs [(a,b)] that serves as a dictionary, mapping keys of type a to values of type b, while maintaining a "user-specified", defined order of keys. (i.e. just as with ordinary lists - I would like to be able to "append" an item which is then recognized as the "last element".) However I would like random access lookup on keys with better than linear performance, i.e. what Data.Map provides. One option would be to just maintain an ordinary map in addition to a list of keys that defines their order:
data OrderedDict a b = OrderedDict (Map a b) [a]
and then define append operations, etc. that keep the two key collections in sync. It seems ugly though to maintain two separate collections of the same keys. Is there a ready-made data type that already combines ordered keys with efficient random-access lookup by key?
share|improve this question
Java's LinkedHashMap seems to do something similar: thread a list of keys through the map. Python's OrderedDict is simply a list of pairs, so they're no help here. – Lambda Fairy Jun 8 '12 at 4:07
What do you mean with "defined order"? Given two keys a1 and a2, is it a priori fixed whether a1 precedes a2 or is the precedence determined at runtime? – Peter Jun 8 '12 at 6:46
_USER_ I mean 'defined order' in the same sense as with ordinary lists - if I append a2 after I append a1, then a1 precedes a2 – gcbenison Jun 8 '12 at 13:54
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3 Answers
Take a look at ixset library - it allows you to maintain sets indexed by multiple columns (by a and by Int in your case). This is much more maintainable than keeping maps consistent by hand
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Thanks - ixset is cool. I don't think it quite matches the bill in this case because it can allow inconsistent state (multiple entries with the same Int field) and it would require a caller performing an append operation to explicitly specify the index - something not required by ordinary lists. – gcbenison Jun 8 '12 at 15:13
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Unless I completely misunderstand your question, Data.Map does exactly this, using the key type's Ord instance for ordering. As it's a binary tree, the implementation keeps the keys ordered as well.
Data.Map.keys gives you the keys of a map in ascending order; as transformations, such as map, of a Map are purely functional the order of traversal is irrelevant, and all ways of getting a sequence of keys or key/value pairs out of a Map gives you an ordered list.
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I believe gcbenison is asking for something like Data.Map but with the added property of preserving the order in which the keys are inserted. – dbaupp Jun 8 '12 at 7:05
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If you just want to preserve some fixed order (e.g. insertion time) in addition of having O(log n) lookup/insertions, you could simply use multiple maps and update them simultaneously:
 1. Map a b for storing the actual data, and
 2. Map Int a that gives you the i-th key in the order. (If you also need to query the index of a given key you could add a Map a Int)
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