Calculating the chance of spoofing an agile source port randomised resolver
Posted by bert hubert Mon, 04 Aug 2008 22:15:00 GMT
This post sets out to calculate how hard it is to spoof a resolver that takes simple, unilateral, steps to prevent such spoofing.
Unilateral in this case means that any resolver can implement these steps, without changing the DNS protocol or authoritative server behaviour. Everybody that implements the ideas below immediately improves the general security of the DNS.
To save you all the reading, the simple unilateral measures can bring down the chance to be spoofed to under 1% after a year of non-stop 50 megabit/s packet blasting.
Note however that my math or my ideas may be wrong. Please read carefully!
Work so far
Recapping, calculations so far show that a fully source port randomized nameserver can be spoofed with a 64% chance of success within 24 hours, requiring around 0.4TB of packets to be generated. If 2 hours are available, the chance of success is 8.1%.
This assumes that the attacker is able to generate around 50 megabits/s, and also important, that the resolver is able to process 50k incoming responses/s.
Details are on with the caveat that where it says "1.5 - 2 GB", it should say "36GB".
Since that posting, quite a number of people have studied the calculations, and they appear to hold up.
Note that the present post does not address the dangers created by those able to actively intercept and modify traffic - people with such abilities have little need to spoof DNS anyhow.
The current situation is not acceptable - the resources needed to perform a successful spoofing attack are available, if not generally, then to an relevant subset of Internet users.
It turns out that it takes a lot of effort to get the world to apply even a minor patch that has received tremendous front-page coverage on all the security websites - the source port randomisation patches in this case.
So if we want to move quickly, we need a solution that can be rolled out without having to upgrade large parts of the Internet.
Agile countermeasures
There are a number of strategies a resolver could employ to make itself effectively unspoofeable, some of these include:
A) Sending out questions over TCP/IP
B) Repeating questions a number of times, and requiring the answers to be equivalent
The problems with these two techniques is that they imply a certain overhead and increase the general CPU utilization on the Internet.
Furthermore there are strategies that make spoofing harder, but not impracticable:
C) Case games ('dns-0x20')
D) Use multiple source addresses
A very comprehensive enumeration of techniques can be found on
Sadly, it appears that on this impressive list there is nothing without more or less unacceptable overhead that really gets us out of the woods, where this is arbitrarily defined as reducing the spoofing success rate to below 1% after a year of non-stop trying at 50 megabit/s.
Detecting a spoofing attempt in progress
Since any spoofed response has a chance of around 2^-32 of being accepted, it stands to reason around 2^31 bogus responses will arrive at the resolver before the attacker manages to achieve his goals.
Since we know we have effective countermeasures available, like A and B mentioned above, we could deploy these in case a spoofing attempt is detected. Remember that A and B are generally available, but that we don't want to resort to them all the time, for all domains, because of their overhead.
Occasionally, port numbers get modified in transit. Additionally, responses to queries sometimes arrive late enough that a new equivalent query has since been sent. This means we should not consider a single response mismatch to be a sign of a spoofing attempt in progress.
If we allow X mismatches before falling back on A or B, the chance of a single query being spoofed is:
 --------- ~= 2^-32 * X
 N * P * I
Assuming each individual attack lasts W seconds (being latency between the authentic authoritative server and the resolver), the combined spoofing chance after T seconds becomes:
1 - (1 - 2^-32 * X) ~= 2^-32 * X * T/W
Putting in 20 for X and 0.1s for W, this gets us a combined spoofing chance of 0.4% for a full day. Interesting, but not good enough, especially since the attacker might well send only X packets per attempt, and launch far more attempts.
However, if the attacker has a defined goal about what to spoof, each successive attempt might be for a different domain name, or differ in other respects, but all those attempts will share some characteristics.
Two things that will be identical, or at least reasonably unique are the source address of the spoofed packet (aka, the network address of the authentic authoritative server), plus the 'zone cut apex'. This last bit requires some understanding of the way a resolver works.
(I made up this phrase, 'zone cut apex', but I think there are people with better knowledge of DNS verbiage than I, I'd love to hear of a better name)
When a resolver asks NS1.EXAMPLE.COM for '', the resolver knows it is asking NS1.EXAMPLE.COM in its role as 'EXAMPLE.COM' nameserver - this is how it selected that server.
This means that an attacker might try many variations on '', what will remain identical is the 'zone cut apex', which is 'EXAMPLE.COM'. What will also remain identical is the (small) set of servers available.
I'll get into more detail after Dan Kaminksy has held his presentation. The upshot however is that multiple different attempts can be correlated, and thus be counted together in the spoofing-detection counts.
If we conservatively decide to impose a 5 minute 'fallback to A or B'-regime for a {source IP, zone cut apex}-tuple, and leave the detection limit at 20, this means an attacker will have one chance every 5 minutes of getting in an attempt.
This is equivalent to setting W equal to 300 seconds above, yielding us a combined chance of spoofing a domain after a year of trying of 0.05%.
Well within our goal.
Reality intrudes
Sadly, the reality is that we won't recognize all spoofed packets that guessed wrong, so to speak. Typical operating systems will only let a nameserver know about packets that arrived on a socket open for that purpose.
In the very worst case, the server is only listening on a single port, and by the time a single mismatch is received by the nameserver process, on average 32000 will have arrived on the network interface.
This means that in the calculation above, if we don't take additional measures, we need to set X to 32000, leading to a combined monthly spoofing chance of 6.4% (and a yearly near-certainty).
Fine tuning things
By raising the fallback period to an hour, the yearly spoofing chance becomes 6.5%, assuming we only see 1 in every 32000 spoof attempts.
If in addition a small number of sockets is kept open, say 10, to function as 'canary ports', X reduces to 3200, and the yearly spoofing chance is back at a low 0.65%.
Canary ports serve no function except to detect spoofing attempts. For efficiency reasons, these ports may simply be ports that had previously been used for source port randomisation, but kept around somewhat longer.
The number of canary ports, and the fallback period can be tuned at will to achieve desired spoofing resilience levels.
Remaining Problems
Countermeasure 'A' does not work for domains not offering TCP service. Countermeasure 'B' does not work for domains where single authoritative servers generate differing answers to repetitive questions. This might happen in case of (hardware) load balancers, or load balanced desynchronised nameservers.
Best results might be achieved by alternately trying countermeasure A and B - any server that does not support TCP and sends out inconsistent replies is in for some tough love if someone attempts to spoof the domains it hosts.
If the calculations and ideas elaborated above hold up, it appears feasible to achieve arbitrarily low spoofing chances, without doing any further protocol work.
Importantly, such changes would allow individual resolvers to protect their users without having to wait for changes to all authoritative servers.
In other words, everybody who participates receives an immediate benefit.
1 comment


What are the differences between types of shackles?
Shackles are artificial in a spacious variety of types, styles, sizes, and fabrications, and with so many different privileges available, decide the right cumber for the thrust can be flustering.

Anchor shackle/bow shackle vs.chain shackle/D-shackle
Bow shackles and anchor shackles are terms that are often used interchangeably, as both names refer to a shackle with a larger, rounded "O" shape look. However, a bow shackle typically has a larger, more defined bow area than an anchor shackle. The rounded design of anchor shackles and bow shackles allow them to take loads from many directions without developing significant side load. The larger loop shape of an anchor shackle or bow shackle does reduce its overall strength, but it is also able to handle a larger strap.

Chain shackles are also known as D-shackles. Both refer to the "D" shape design. A d-shackle is narrower than a bow or anchor shackle and generally have a threaded pin or pin close. The smaller loop is designed to take high loads primarily in line. Side and racking loads may twist or bend a D or chain shackle.

Both types of shackles are generally always available in galvanized metal and stainless steel, and all come with different pin options as well.

Stainless steel vs. galvanized
Both stainless steel and galvanized metal offer excellent protection from rust and corrosion, making either a good choice.
In general, galvanized shackles are ideal for industrial applications where moisture is not a major issue. Galvanized steel has a thin coating of zinc oxide to protect the steel from elements that lead to corrosion and oxidation. Galvanized is also a great value as it tends to be less expensive than stainless steel, but still maintains the shackle's strength and durability.
Stainless steel shackles are more corrosive-resistant and, are therefore ideal for marine applications. Our stainless steel shackles are made of type 316 stainless steel, which is considered "marine grade." Type 316 marine grade stainless steel contains molybdenum, which makes it resistant to ocean water mist or spray, so it's especially useful in extreme conditions or moisture or in a high chloride environment. Type 316 stainless D shackle equipment is ideal for sailing and yacht rigging uses.

Snap shackles
A snap shackle is designed with a spring-activated mechanism so it can be used quickly and with one hand. These are excellent for jobs where speed is important, or when it needs to be repeated connected/disconnected. Because they generally have lower working load limits than comparable bolt type or pin type shackles, snap shackles are not recommended for heavy-duty applications. We offer four main types, all in Type 316 stainless steel: Swivel Eye, Swivel Jaw, Fixed Snap, and Rope Snap.

Pin options
The pin that locks a shackle can be a deciding factor on which will work best for your job. Pin styles range include loose pins, captive pins, round pins, screw pins, and bolt type pins. Screw pin shackles are popular because they offer a pin that is easy to connect and disconnect. Captive pin shackles offer a pin that cannot be removed from the bow of the shackle which is essential in various marine applications. Captive pins are also particularly popular for marine uses because they can't be accidentally dropped in the water. Bolt type shackles secure with a bolt/nut/cotter pin combination and are popular for more heavy duty securement.
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text:
Columbia sediments in the Middletown-Odessa area are composed of boulders, gravels, sands, silts and clays. These sediments are exposed in four gravel pits where their structures and textures were studied. Subsurface geology was interpreted on the basis of the well-log data from 40 holes drilled in the area of study. Columbia sediments were laid upon a surface made up of the greensands of the Rancocas Formation (Paleocene – Eocene age). The contact between the Rancocas and Columbia Formations is an erosional unconformity.
Please give proper credit to the Delaware Geological Survey.
Delaware Geological Survey
University of Delaware
Delaware Geological Survey Building
Newark, DE 19716
Mon - Fri; 8:00am to 4:30pm

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Apply for a Determination Letter - Quality Assurance Review
The role of the Quality Assurance Staff (QAS) is to measure the quality of work done on Employee Plans determination cases. They perform a quality assurance review to ensure that consistency and quality are maintained in the determination letter application review and development process. The QAS consists of a manager and a centralized determination letter application review team.
General review process
After all necessary additional information is secured by a technical screener or specialist, a determination letter is prepared and the case is submitted to the group manager. However, a case may be returned to the specialist if further development is warranted. If no further development is needed, the group manager then approves the case for closing.
All cases approved by a group manager for closing are subject to a random sampling or mandatory quality assurance review by QAS before the determination letter is issued.
Once a case is received by the QAS, an assignment letter is issued to the plan sponsor (and a copy is sent to the person with Power of Attorney) providing the reviewer's name and phone number.
If the QAS discovers additional issues after reviewing the case, they may return the case to the specialist to resolve the issues before issuing a determination letter. This may delay the case closing process. Otherwise once the QAS' review of the plan is complete, and all issues have been addressed and resolved, they will issue a determination letter for the plan.
The following cases are subject to a mandatory quality assurance review:
- Foreign plans
- Proposed adverse determination letters
- Termination cases with reversions of more than $5,000,000
- Termination cases with over 1,000 participants
- Technical advice requests
- Cases in which interested party comments are received
Appeals and withdrawal
If certain requirements are not satisfied, the IRS may propose an adverse or unfavorable determination letter. If an adverse or unfavorable determination letter is proposed, the submitter's options are:
- Appeals - The appeals process is available when the IRS and the taxpayer cannot resolve issues and the IRS proposes an adverse determination letter. See:
- Technical Advice - A technical advice request is a request for guidance about a procedural or technical issue. The IRS provides a response in the form of a memorandum to the individual taxpayer. Technical advice requests help IRS personnel resolve complex issues and help establish and maintain consistent holdings throughout the IRS.
Generally, the IRS will determine when a taxpayer should request technical advice, but the taxpayer may also request that an issue be forwarded for technical advice. A request for technical advice is encouraged on any technical or procedural questions that cannot be resolved on the basis of law, regulations, or a clearly applicable revenue ruling or other published precedent.
Some determination letter requests involve issues that are subject to mandatory technical advice. These issues are listed in the annual revenue procedure covering technical advice:
- Revenue Procedure 2014-5, Technical Advice
- Withdrawal - The applicant's request for a determination letter may be withdrawn by a written request at any time prior to the issuance of a final adverse letter. Withdrawal of the application will not result in an adverse letter. However, user fees are non-refundable. Also, an information referral may be made to EP Examinations to consider an audit of the plan.
- Determination, Opinion and Advisory Letters
- Apply for a Determination Letter - Individually Designed Plans
- Determination Letter Review Process
- EP Quality Assurance Bulletins

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


The Myth:
Adding potassium or magnesium to your landscape plants will increase their cold hardiness
The Facts
Several articles have been written recently for gardeners who like to "push the zone" envelope. With winter weather on the way, this information is generally useful for protecting marginally cold-hardy plants, The addition of wood ashes (for potassium) and Epsom salts (for magnesium) was recommended to promote cold hardiness of plants grown outside their normal range.
In particular, potassium is mentioned numerous times as "promoting cold hardiness, disease resistance, and general durability." Some horticultural consultants state "what the potassium does is strengthen the cell walls of the plant and will displace the amount of water in the cells making it harder for them to burst during freezing temperatures."
They also recommend that by adding magnesium for increased cold hardiness is less common on the web, and the rationale behind its use is not clear. Where did these recommendations originate?
We first need to dispel the notion that freezing temperatures cause plant cells to burst. This is a common misconception, but in fact rarely happens in nature. What generally happens is that water freezes in the spaces between the cell walls, and this ice formation draws liquid water from the living cells. The living ells are actually stressed and sometimes killed by the dehydration imposed by water moving into these paces.
Image Image
 - Before adding any mineral supplement to your landscape, have a soil test done first to determineif deficiencies exist,
 - Addition of chemicals (organic or inorganic) to a landscape where no mineral deficiency exists is a waste of money, time, and resources, and is environmentally irresponsible.
 - There is no conclusive evidence that addition of either potassium or magnesium will increase the hardiness of native landscape species
 - There is no evidence whatsoever that addition of either potassium or magnesium will increase the hardiness of non-native, marginally hardy landscapeplant.
 - To grow marginally hardy species, take advantage of microclimates to maximize their chances for survival.
 - The best strategy for overwintering marginally hardy species is to insulate them and the surrounding soil.
The Myth
Always choose native plants for environmentally sustainable landscaping
The Facts
One of the most populr trends in gardening circles is to use more native plants as our natural ecosystems shrink.
There is a large misconception that native plants are supposed to be be resistant to local pathogens and parasites.
There are some urban areas where many native plants just do not survive (or do so only with substantial maintenance). Such areas can include parking strips, traffic circles, and parking lots: in short, areas with imited soil area and lots of environmental stress. Consider the realities of these landscapes:
Dissimilar layers of topsoils and subsoils with poor drainage and aeration
 - Significant compaction and other physical disturbances as a result of animal, pedestrian, andvehicular traffic
 - Alkaline pH due to leaching of lime from concrete
 - Inadequate or improper fertilizer application
 - Lack of mulch or other soil protection
 - Lack of adequate water in summer months
 - Increased heat load from asphalt reflectance
 - Air pollution
Many of the trees and shrubs native to your region evolved in thin, acidic soils with adequate moisture to maintain soil and plant water status. When these species are installed in urban landscapes with significantly different soil and water characteristics they are challenged by a new set of environmental circumstances.Native, forest plants are excellent choices for unrestricted sites with acidic, well drainedsoils.
 - For sites with limited, alkaline, and/or poorly drained soils, choose species adapted toenvironments with similar soils. Consider especially those species that tolerate clay soils.
 - For sites exposed to increased heat choose species adapted to hot, dry climates that can also tolerate cool, wet winters.
 - Instead of installing large trees into limited sites, considered smaller trees or shrubs, Be sure to protect soils with mulch, especially where foot traffic causes compaction.
 - Site considerations should always dictate plant selection.
The Myth
Wood chips made from cedars will kill landscape plants
The Facts
Many gardeners are reluctant to use cedar wood chips because they will kill plants.When one plant emits toxics that kill other plants this process is called allelopathy. One of the best known allelopathhic plants is the Black Walnut tree. It is believed that plants do this to eliminate competition for water and nutrients.
There is virtually no documented evidence for allelopathic activity in cedars.
 - It is unlikely that wood chip mulches containing cedar will have negative effects on established landscape plants.
 - The allelopathic activities attributed to mulches made from cedar and other species may actually be due to other factors such as nutrient and light limitations.
 - Seeds and seedlings, whether weeds or desirable species, are more sensitive to mulch suppression as they do not have established root systems.


Hide Public Folders in Exchange 2000/2003
Posted on January 8, 2009 by Daniel Petri in Exchange Server with 0 Comments
How can I hide Public Folders in Exchange 2000/2003?
If you want to create new top-level public folders but wish to limit their visibility to only specific users or groups you can do the following:
 1. Create a new top-level public folder (you can do it from Outlook, Windows Explorer or Exchange System Manager).
 1. Give the new folder an appropriate name and choose its' item type.
 1. Now go to the Exchange System Manager and open the Folder container. Open Public Folders and right click the new folder.
 1. Choose Properties and go to the Permissions tab:
 1. Hold down CTRL while you click the Client Permissions button.
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 1. Add the user or groups that you want to restrict from viewing the new public folder.
 1. Highlight the added user or group and in the Permissions part of the window scroll down to the View Item permission.
 1. Select the Deny check-box. Click Ok.
 2. A warning window will pop-up. Acknowledge it.
 1. To test your configuration, logon as the restricted user and open Outlook. Look for the folder. It's not supposed to be visible.
That's it.
In Outlook 2003 you can also uncheck the box "Folder Visible" for the Default and Anonymous permissions:
This will hide the folder for all users except those with specific rights.
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text:
This printer is aimed at small chocolate business. It is priced at £2888.00 (exl. VAT).
From the product page:
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- Simple USB connection means that designs can be rapidly sent to the printer for creation.
- Designed to print accurate chocolate line tracks from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm - much finer and more precise than any current manual piping technique.
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- Print onto various substrates such as on other chocolates, cakes, biscuits, dishes, paper for chocolate decoration as well as complete products.
- Commonly used chocolates can be used and various chocolates (brown, dark, white, red, blue, etc.) can be conveniently filled into the printing head to print fantastic and artistic colourful chocolate decorations and products.
- Print chocolate into 2D cross-section patterns like an ink printer or, due to the Choc Creators unparalleled level of precision, sequentially deposit chocolate onto consolidated patterns layer-by-layer to form 3D objects.
In the Box:
- 1 Choc Creator V1 3D Printer
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- Build Envelope: 175(X)mm x 175(Y)mm x 70(Z)mm
- Maximum Linear Speed: 2000mm/min
- Printing Head: The deposition process is precisely controlled using a stepper motor to extrude chocolate out of a 10ml syringe. High Precision printing nozzle is used for fine printing (approx. 0.5mm to 1.5mm track depending on print setting). Two sets of printing head consumables (2 syringes and 2 nozzles) will be supplied.
- File Format: Accepts STL files (standard 3d printing file) and G-code (standard SNC machining language). File is uploaded to the printer via a standard USB connection.
- This hobby printer is controlled using simple open source software. User has full access to the print settting parameters and instructions are provided.
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Choc Creator v1 PDF brochure:
here is a method you can print chocolate shapes on your home DIY 3d printer:


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Structural relaxation in silicate melts and non-Newtonian melt rheology in geologic processes
Abstract
The timescale of structural relaxation in a silicate melt defines the transition from liquid (relaxed) to glassy (unrelaxed) behavior. Structural relaxation in silicate melts can be described by a relaxation time, τ, consistent with the observation that the timescales of both volume and shear relaxation are of the same order of magnitude. The onset of significantly unrelaxed behavior occurs 2 log10 units of time above τ. In the case of shear relaxation, the relaxation time can be quantified using the Maxwell relationship for a viscoelastic material; τS = ηS/G (where τS is the shear relaxation time, G is the shear modulus at infinite frequency and ηS is the zero frequency shear viscosity). The value of G known for SiO2 and several other silicate glasses. The shear modulus, G , and the bulk modulus, K , are similar in magnitude for every glass, with both moduli being relatively insensitive to changes in temperature and composition. In contrast, the shear viscosity of silicate melts ranges over at least ten orders of magnitude, with composition at fixed temperature, and with temperature at fixed composition. Therefore, relative to ηS, G may be considered a constant (independent of composition and temperature) and the value of ηS, the relaxation time, may be estimated directly for the large number of silicate melts for which the shear viscosity is known.
For silicate melts, the relaxation times calculated from the Maxwell relationship agree well with available data for the onset of the frequency-dependence (dispersion) of acoustic velocities, the onset of non-Newtonian viscosities, the scan-rate dependence of the calorimetric glass transition, with the timescale of an oxygen diffusive jump and with the Si-O bond exchange frequency obtained from 29Si NMR studies.
Using data obtained over a range of frequencies and strain-rates we illustrate the significance of relaxed versus unrelaxed behavior in laboratory experiments on silicate melts. Similarly, using strain-rate estimates for magmatic processes we evaluate the significance of the liquid-glass transition in igneous petrogenesis.
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References
 1. Angell CA (1984) Strong and fragile liquids. Relaxations in Complex Systems. Ngai KL and Wright GB (eds) Office of Naval Research and National Technical Information Service
 2. Angell CA, Torell LM (1983) Short time structural relaxation processes in liquids: comparison of experimental and computer simulation glass transition on picosecond timescales. J Chem Phys 78:937–945
 3. Angell CA, Cheesemen PA, Kadiyala RR (1987) Diffusivity and thermodynamic properties of diopside and Jadeite melts by computer simulation studies. Chem Geol 62:83–92
 4. Astin AV (1962) Certificate of viscosity values. Standard sample No. 710 Soda-Lime-Silica Glass. US Dept of Commerce, Natl Bur Stds. Washington DC
 5. Bansal NP, Doremus RH (1986) Handbook of glass properties. Academic Press, New York, London, pp 680
 6. Bird RB, Armstrong RC, Hassager O (1977) Dynamics of polymeric liquids Vol 1. Wiley and Sons, New York, pp 470
 7. Bucaro JA, Dardy HD (1974) High-temperature Brillouin scattering in fused quartz. J Appl Phys 45:5324–5329
 8. Brückner R (1987) Structural aspects of highly deformed melts. J Non-Cryst Sol 95–96:961–968
 9. Calas G, Hawthorne FC (1988) Introduction to spectroscopic methods. In: FC Hawthorne (ed) Spectroscopic methods in mineralogy and geology. Mineralogical Society of America Reviews in Mineralogy 18, 1–9
 10. Dingwell DB, Scarfe CM, Cronin D (1985) The effect of fluorine on viscosities in the system Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2: implications for phonolites, trachytes and rhyelites. Am Mineral 70:80–87
 11. Dunn T (1982) Oxygen diffusion in three silicate melts along the join diopside-anorthite. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 46:2293–2299
 12. Glasstone S, Laidler KJ, Eyring H (1941) The theory of rate processes. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 611
 13. Gruber GJ, Litovitz TA (1964) Shear and structural relaxation in molten Zinc Chloride. J Chem Phys. 40:13–26
 14. Herzfeld KF, Litovitz TA (1956) Absorption and dispersion of ultrasonic waves. Academic Press, New York, pp 535
 15. Höfler S, Seifert FA (1984) Volume relaxation of compacted glass: a model for the conservation of natural diaplectic glasses. Earth Planet Sci Lett 67:433–438
 16. Hofmaier G, Urbain G (1968) The viscosity of pure silica. Sci Ceram 4:25–32
 17. Jackson I (1986) The laboratory study of seismic wave attenuation. In Mineral and rock deformation: Laboratory studies, (eds) Hobbs BE and Heard HC, 11–24, AGU
 18. Kurkjian CR (1963) Relaxation of torsional stress in the transformation range of a soda-lime-silica glass. Phys Chem Glass 4:128–136
 19. Laberge NL, Vasilescu VV, Montrose CJ, Macedo PB (1973) Equilibrium compressibilities and density fluctuations in K2O-SiO2 glasses. J Am Cer Soc 56:506–509
 20. Lambert JB, Nienhuis RJ, Keepers JW (1981) Kinetik intramolekularer Reaktionen aus Relaxationszeitmessungen. Angew Chem 93, 533–566
 21. Lange RA, Carmichael ISE (1987) Densities of Na2O-K2O-CaO-MgO-FeO-Fe2O3-Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2 liquids: New measurements and derived partial molar properties. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 51:2931–2946
 22. Larsen DC, Mills JJ, Sievert JL (1974) Stress relaxation behavior of soda-lime glass between the transformation and softening temperatures. J Non-Cryst Sol 14:269–279
 23. Li JH, Uhlmann DR (1970) The flow of glass at high stress levels. J Non-Cryst Sol 33:235–248
 24. Litovitz TA, Davis CM (1965) Structural and shear relaxation in liquids. In: Mason WP (ed) Physical Acoustics Vol. I IA, Academic Press, New York, 281–349
 25. Liu S-B, Stebbins JF, Schneider E, Pines A (1988) Diffusive motion in alkali silicate melts: an NMR study at high temperature. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 52:527–538
 26. Mills JJ (1974) Low frequency storage and loss moduli of soda silica glasses in the transformation range. J Non-Cryst Solids 14:255–268
 27. Muehlenbachs K, Schaeffer HA (1977) Oxygen diffusion in vitreous silica-utilization of natural isotopic abundances. Can Mineral 15:179–184
 28. Nowick AS, Berry BS (1973) Anelastic relaxation in solids. Academic Press, New York, pp 677
 29. Nye JF (1957) Physical properties of crystals. Oxford Press, Oxford, pp 322
 30. O'Connell RJ, Budiansky B (1978) Measures of dissipation in viscoelastic media. Geophys Res Lett 5:5–8
 31. Richet P (1984) Viscosity and configurational entropy of silicate melts. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 48:471–483
 32. Rigden SM, Ahrens TJ, Stolper EM (1988) Shock compression of molten silicate: results for a model basaltic composition. J Geophys Res 93:367–382
 33. Rosen SL (1982) Fundamental principles of polymeric materials. Wiley and Sons, New York, pp 346
 34. Ritland HN (1954) Density phenomena in the transformation range of a borosilicate crown glass. J Am Cer Soc 37:370–378
 35. Rai CS, Manghnani MH, Katahara KW (1981) Ultrasonic studies on a basalt melt. Geophys Res Lett 8:1215–1218
 36. Rivers ML, Carmichael ISE (1987) Ultrasonic studies of silicate melts. J Geophys Res 92:9247–9270
 37. Ryan MP, Blevins JYK (1987) The viscos


text:
THE PATTERNS OF HOME LANGUAGE USAGE AS DETERMINANTS OF ACADEMIC LEARNING OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS
Mishra, S.P., The University of Arizona, USA
The study examined the impact of the patterns of home language uses on the academic learning of English Language Learners (ELL). On the basis of dominant spoken language patterns in home of Mexican-American students from low socio-economic homes, the sampled children were divided into bilingual and monolingual groups. The subjects in the study consisted of 146 children from an elementary school. A battery of standardized achievement tests was administered to both monolingual and bilingual groups of subjects. The findings indicated that children speaking both English and Spanish languages at their homes with equal frequency significantly outperformed on all measures of academic achievement as compared with their English or Spanish only monolingual counterparts. The implications of obtained findings indicate the cognitive benefits of bilingualism as it relates to academic learning and readiness.


text:
Ann Arbor, Mich. — When a child is born with a disorder of sex development, decisions regarding gender assignment and genital surgery are often made quickly and under pressure.
Quite often those decisions are surgical and often irreversible. Former patients and health care advocates have long complained that parents are provided inadequate information to make decisions for their child with a disorder of sex development.
But with a new award from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), researchers at the University of Michigan hope to provide parents with the tools needed to make decisions about disorders of sex development (DSD).
"When a child with a disorder of sex development is born, parents are often experiencing enormous distress," says David E. Sandberg, Ph.D., director of the Division of Child Behavioral Health at C.S. Mott Children's Hospital and professor of pediatrics and communicable diseases at the University of Michigan Medical School.
"The right decisions about gender assignment -- is it a boy or a girl -- and the best course of action (for example should there be surgery? what kind? when?) are not obvious."
"Parents can make decisions that they think are in the best interest of the child that they will regret later."
DSD is a term that describes a wide range of diagnoses that affect the development of sex organs, whether due to chromosomes, hormones, or other factors.
Sandberg said despite significant progress, genetic diagnosis does not necessarily offer clear guidance for parents about gender assignment or best treatment. "It can open the door to additional uncertainties," he says.
Sandberg's project, which has a proposed budget of about $1.3 million, would create a decision-making aid that could be used in genetic counseling and test-result disclosure that would prepare parents to be fully involved in management or treatment plans for their children.
"We want to support parents becoming actively involved in making those decisions, and reduce the likelihood of future worry and regret about decisions that have been made," he says, adding that the guide will educate families about sex development of the body, how disorders are diagnosed (especially how to interpret genetic test results), and possible relationships between diagnostic/genetic testing, decisions about care, and known consequences of those decisions on their child and entire family.
Sandberg plans to introduce the decision-making guide into care for persons affected by DSD and evaluate its effectiveness through an existing network of medical centers supported by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. The DSD – Translational Research Network is comprised of health care providers and researchers at the University of Michigan/C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, UCLA, UCSF, Seattle Children's Hospital and other medical centers.
PCORI funded the project as part of an effort to help patients make better-informed health decisions.
"Today marks a major milestone in our work as we build a portfolio of comparative clinical effectiveness research that will provide patients and those who care for them better information about the health care decisions they face," said PCORI Executive Director Joe Selby, MD, MPH. "These research projects reflect PCORI's patient-centered research agenda, emphasizing the inclusion of patients and caregivers at all stages of the research."
PCORI is committing $40.7 million in funding for a slate of 25 projects, which were approved by PCORI's Board of Governors following a competitive, multi-stage review process involving scientists, patients, caregivers and other stakeholders. Proposals were evaluated on the basis of scientific merit, engagement of patients and stakeholders, methodological rigor and fit within PCORI's National Priorities for Research and Research Agenda.
The awards were part of PCORI's first cycle of primary research funding and selected from among nearly 500 completed applications submitted earlier this year. All proposals were approved pending a business and programmatic review by PCORI staff and completion of a formal award contract.
About C.S. Mott Children's Hospital's services for Disorders of Sex Development: The providers on our DSD team work together to provide timely, expert care with a focus on being truly patientand family-centered. Our team is made up of pediatric specialists from endocrinology, genetics, urology, gynecology, general surgery, psychology, pathology, plastic surgery, child life and social work.. Together, we provide age-appropriate care, support, education and resources to both patients and families.
More information is available at: _URL_
The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) is an independent, non-profit organization authorized by Congress in 2010. Its mission is to fund research that will provide patients, their caregivers and clinicians with the evidence-based information needed to make better-informed health care decisions. PCORI is committed to continuously seeking input from a broad range of stakeholders to guide its work. More information is available at _URL_.


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According to traditional Lao animist beliefs, the souls of a human being or animal normally occupy and vitalise specific areas of the body, but sometimes leave in times of strong emotion if tempted away by another being or an attractive place, or if captured by a malevolent spirit.
Their absence is likely to cause danger, disease, or even death. To avoid such disaster, the souk khouan ritual ('calling back the souls') is organised and family, friends and neighbours invited. A celebrant appeals across various different worlds, calling for the absent souls to return without delay. To attract them, delicacies are placed on a round plate below a pyramid of flowers: eggs, chicken, rice, cakes and so on.
After repeated calls, the souls are presumed to have returned to their host body and the celebrant ties white cotton threads to the patient's wrists (or ears or legs in the case of elephants and buffalo, the only animals that this ritual is held for).
The souk khouan rite is practised at times of disease, before departures, on arrivals, at marriages or professional promotions - in short, on any occasion likely to cause the souls to leave, and such events are numerous in Laos.


.
Originally, rt-ai had its own SPEs for collecting sensor data but this led to quite a bit of duplication between rt-ai and SNC. The embedding technique completely removes the need for this duplication as rt-ai SPNs can hook into any SNC data stream, no matter what hardware generated it.
The screen capture above shows an example that I am using as part of the driveway detection system that I have been running for quite a long term now to detect vehicles or people moving around the driveway – this post describes the original system. The heart of this is an NCS 2 inference engine with some post processing code to generate email alerts when something has been detected. All of the SPEs in this case are running on the same Raspberry Pi 4 which is humming along nicely, running inference on a 1280 x 720 10fps video stream. Now that this SPN has been embedded in SNC, it is possible to save all of the annotated video using standard SNC storage if required or else further process and add to the metadata with anything that connects to SNC.
rt-ai SPNs can be used to create synth modules (basically SPN macros) that can be replicated any number of times and individually configured to process different streams. Alternatively, a single SPN can process data from multiple SNC video streams using an SNC fan out SPE, similar to this one.
So what does this do for rt-ispace? The whole idea of rt-ispace is that ubiquitous sensing and other real-time data streams are collected in SNC, AI inference distills the raw streams into meaningful data and then the results are fed to SHAPE for integration into real world augmentations. Embedding rt-ai SPNs in SNC provides the AI data distillation in a highly efficient and reusable way.
Using shared memory for rt-ai inter-SPE transfers
The screen capture above couldn't have been obtained previously as it is passing uncompressed (RGB888) video between rt-ai SPEs on the same node (a Jetson Nano in this case). The CVideoView window is showing the output of the simple network using the CSSDJetson SPE to classify objects and also computes the frames per second and latency of received frames. The source of the frames is a Logitech C920 webcam running at 1280 x 720, 30fps. It shows that the latency is around 128mS at around 15fps.
This screen capture shows what happens when shared memory isn't used. Actually, the latency here is misleading as it seems to be the link from the CUVCCam SPE to the MQTT server that is causing the bottleneck when running uncompressed video. The latency goes monotonically upwards until there is no memory left as there is no throttling on that interface since normally it isn't a problem.
There doesn't seem to be much benefit when passing smaller messages between SPEs.
This screen capture above shows shared memory being used when transferring JPEG frames. The one below is with shared memory support turned off.
This just shows that bouncing off the MQTT server within the same node is pretty efficient, at least when compared to the latency of the inference.
Being able to pass large messages around efficiently, even if only point to point within the same node, is quite a step forward by itself. For example, it makes it practical to create networks that pass RGBD frames around.
Shared memory support in rt-ai2 uses the Qt QSharedMemory and QSystemSemaphore wrappers to make things simple. When a design is generated, rtaiDesigner determines if shared memory has been enabled for the network, if the publisher and subscriber are on the same node and if the connection is point to point (i.e. exactly one subscriber). If so, the publisher and subscriber SPEs are told to use shared memory instead of MQTT for that particular connection. The SPE configuration file for the publisher SPE also includes the shared memory slot size to use and how big the pending transmission queue should be. The system is set up at the moment to always use three shared memory slots forming a rotating buffer. The shared memory slots are created by the publisher and attached by the subscriber.
To minimize latency, every time the publisher places a new message in the next shared memory slot, it releases a QSystemSempahore to unblock a thread in the subscriber that can then extract the message, free the shared memory slot and process the received message.
This implementation of shared memory seems to work very well and is highly reliable. In principle, it could be extended to support multiple subscribers by replicating the shared memory slot structure for each subscriber.
Jetson Nano SSD-Mobilenet-v2 SPE for rt-ai
Following on from the earlier work with the Jetson Nano, the SSD-Mobilenet-v2 model is now running as an rt-ai Stream Processing Element (SPE) for Jetson and so is fully integrated with the rt-ai system. Custom models created using transfer learning can also be used – it's just a case of setting the model name in the SPE's configuration and placing the required model files on the rt-ai data server. Since models are automatically downloaded at runtime if necessary, it's pretty trivial to change the model being used on an existing Stream Processing Network (SPN).
The screen capture above shows the rt-ai design that generated the implementation. Here I am using the UVCCam SPE so that the video is sourced from a webcam but any of the other rt-ai video sources (such as RTSPCam) could be used, simply by replacing the camera SPE in the design using the graphical editor – originally this design used RTSPCam in fact.
Using 1280 x 720 video frames, the SSDJetson SPE processes around 17fps. This is not bad but less than the 21fps achieved by the monolithic example code. The problem is that, in order to achieve the one to many and many to one, heterogeneous multi-node network graphical design capability, rt-ai currently uses MQTT brokers to move data and provide multicast as necessary. Even when the broker and the SPEs are running on the same node, it is obviously less efficient than pointer passing within monolithic code.
This "inefficiency of generality" isn't really visible on powerful x86 machines but has an impact on devices like the Jetson Nano and Raspberry Pi. The solution to this is to recognize such local links and side-step the MQTT broker interface using shared memory. This optimization will be done automatically in rtaiDesigner when it generates the configurations for each SPE in an SPN, flagging appropriate nodes as sources or sinks of shared memory links when both source and sink SPEs reside on the same node.
Shared nothing – sometimes being selfish is the way to go
Lock-free code is all the rage these days but it's not just a fad. Having recently quantified the performance impact of a single lock on shared memory it's easy to understand why eliminating locks (and indeed any other kind of kernel interaction) is the key to high performance.
A logical consequence of this is that threads must share no state (memory, disk or anything else) with any other thread unless it can be done in a safe manner without requiring synchronization. While there are some patterns that can be used for this, in general the solution is the shared nothing (or sharded) architecture where each thread works completely independently.
Coupled with core-locked threads, shared nothing architectures are capable of extracting the last drop of performance out of the underlying hardware. Suddenly that multi-core CPU looks like a very loosely coupled bunch of bare-metal processors.
One core == one thread
Jetson Nano and rt-ai
The Jetson Nano is an obvious platform for rt-ai to support, to go with the existing Intel NCS2 and Coral edge platforms. One nice plus is that the Jetson Nano comes basically ready to go, all set up for inference.
The screen capture above shows the Nano running the detectnet-camera example code using a webcam as the source generating 1280 x 720 frames and SSD-Mobilenet-v2 as the model. Performance was not bad at 21fps running at 10W, 16fps running at 5W. The heatsink did get very hot in a pretty short space of time however!
Installing the rt-ai runtime was no problem at all and it was easy to utilize the H.264 accelerated pipeline in rt-ai's RTSP camera capture module. The screen capture above shows this running along with a viewer, demonstrating basic rt-ai funtionality.
Next up is to roll the detection code into an rt-ai Stream Processing Element (SPE). This will generate identical metadata to the existing SSD detectors, allowing full compatibility between server GPU, Jetson, NCS 2 and Coral SSD detectors.


Separates the plethysmograph signals into red signals and infrared signals.
? Switching and controlling the current of the LED.
? Setting the gain of the signals to be equivalent to the other signal
? Divide the signal into arterial signal and other signals
? Convert the infrared signals and the red signals into digital signals using AD conversion.
? Computation of the ratio red to infrared.
? Eliminates artifacts
? Compute the value of oxygen saturation
? Display of the computed values
? Managing the alarms settings
The absorption of energy from the LED to the photo-detector creates the signal in the red and the infrared channels. This absorption is the assembly of different absorptions from various sources such as arterial blood and its pulsation, venous blood and tissues.
Figure 9: Absorption Signal
The initial amplification stage is implemented by analog electronics, whereas calculation of spo2 stage is implemented with a microprocessor, the photo-detector signal is treated by electronics or microprocessors. The output signal from the analog part is processed by an ADC to be suitable for the digital part or the microprocessor.
Figure 10: Electronics of conventional pulse oximetry
2.5.2 Amplification stage
The amplification is processed in different stages:
1. The low amplitude photo-detector signal is amplified.
2. The LEDs are energized in an alternating sequence with a short delay in between to allow the measurement of external light.
3. The amplified signal is decomposed into three signals: red, infrared, and dark signal.
4. The electronic filters remove the 1 KHz high-frequency switching, making the signal continuous and having different wavelength.
5. The dark signal is subtracted from the DC levels to prevent problems from the energy source.
6. The DC components of the infrared signal is equalized to the DC components of the red signal by changing the amplitude of a photo-plethysmograph signal .
7. The red to infrared ratio is calculated from the amplitudes of the AC components.
Figure 11: Equalization of (DC) levels
2.5.3 Conventional Spo2 calculation methods
Earlier pulse oximetry used one of two methods to calculate the spo2 values. The first method is solving simultaneous Beerï¿½Lambert law equations. However, this method have many limitations such as one unknown, absence of scattering and turbidity, and the need for the path length to be constant. Due to the many limitations, this method is considered inaccurate and therefore rejected. The second and common method uses the red to infrared ration with a look up table to find the spo2 values.
Figure 12: Relaxation between the spo2 and the red to infrared ratio
The thickness and size of the finger varies from one person to another, thus the optical density will also vary from one patient to another. However, the saturation of the semiconductor does not depend on the characteristics of the patient but only on the intensity of light. In order to have the same saturation, the same amount of light is applied to the patient regardless of the size and age. This can cause serious heat damage for children. The prevention of this problem is another microprocessorï¿½s role. The microprocessor implements a correction factor that controls the LED current and synchronizes the LEDs intensities. The resulting current should be the minimum amount of light energy allowing the calculation of pulse oximetry while not damaging the tissue
2.6 Elimination of artifacts
The intact calculated saturation values include the real values with some invalid values created by artifacts. Therefore, statistical averaging methods are used in order to remove these artifacts
2.6.1 Mechanical movement artifacts
The mechanical movement artifacts are processed with the Nellcor algorithm. The Nellcor algorithm consists of the following steps:
1. Divide the output signal from the differential amplification stage into pulses.
2. Check the pulses for motion artifacts
3. If the pulses do not contain motion artifacts, compare the identified pulse to the normal pulse.
4. If the pulse contains motion artifacts, higher standards for the quality of the light motion signal are applied. The resulting pulse should be compared to the normal pulse
5. If the pulse is not identical to the normal pulse, that pulse is rejected
6. If the pulse is identical to the normal pulse, check if characteristics of the indentified pulse are physiologically possible
7. If the characteristics of the identified pulse are not physiologically possible , that pulse is rejected
8. If the characteristics of the identified pulse are physiologically possible, the pulse is compared to the average of the preceding pulses
9. If the pulse is not equal to the average of the preceding pulses, that pulse is rejected
10. If the pulse is equal to the average of the preceding pulses, the pulse is divided at dicrotic notch . Then the whole pulse or the main component is selected for the calculation.
11. Then, a filter based on confidence assessment is implemented
12. Finally, the SpO2 value is calculated


text:
Twelve Pound CannonballEngagement at Fort Mile Creek
This item is a part of the 1812 History digitization project. This project was made possible with the support of the Department of Canadian Heritage through the Canadian Culture Online Strategy.
- Media Type
- A 12 pound cannon ball that is believed by some to have been one of the shots lobbed ashore by the schooners of the British Fleet during the Engagement of Forty Mile Creek, June 8, 1813. It may also have been the property of American troops and was left behind in the retreat. The cannonball was found buried 3 feet deep in the ground at the corner of Patton and Elizabeth streets in Grimsby. It is unknown whether it is British or American.
- Local identifier
- Geographic Coverage
Latitude: 43.1981918704866 Longitude: -79.5599949359894
- Recommended Citation
- Image courtesy of the Grimsby Museum
- Please contact the Grimsby Museum for any reproductions of this image
- Grimsby MuseumEmail:_EMAIL_


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Rediff News All News » Getahead » GRE 2014: The 10 questions you need to master
GRE 2014: The 10 questions you need to master
January 08, 2014 19:11 IST
GRE 2014: The 10 questions you need to master
GRE 2014 is your gateway to your overseas post-graduate dreams.
If you are among the many aspirants who are looking to crack the GRE, here is the key to answer these seemingly simple questions
In the last post, we told you how you can strategise your preparation time for the Graduate Record Examination.
This time around, we'll help you identify and analyse the different type of questions that appear in the exam.
As is the case in any competitive examination, for GRE too, you need to take a spiral look at the contents, possibly identifying two to three questions on each theme.
These are obviously simple questions, but the idea is you need to crack them in the least possible time, say 30 to 45 seconds each.
To make your task easier, we present you a selection of 10 such questions you need to identify at the start of the exam and tell you how to approach them.
1. What prime numbers lie between 80 and 100?
(The idea is you get to know what a prime number is, and also memorise all prime numbers upto 120)
2. What is the sum of factors of 24?
(See, this is a speed question -- you should be able to correctly list all factors and add them up, in flat 20 seconds...Keep on practising, maybe factors of 36, of 60, of 25, of 100)
3. What is the remainder when 2000 is divided by 17?
(The idea is all tables 12 to 19 are learnt thoroughly, and you can manage divisions comfortably)
4. A does a job in 10 days, B in 15 days and C in 24 days. Together they shall do it in how many days?
5. I buy something of for $35. I incur $3 on packaging costs. What should be my selling price if I wish to make a profit of 15 per cent?
(Again, the idea is you can compute 20 per cent, 25 per cent, 5 per cent, etc profits/ losses on cost price...all in 20 seconds)
6. To 18 ml portion of 32 per cent pure alcohol, how much water shall I add to get 12 per cent pure alcohol?
7. What should be added to 650 to get a perfect square?
(All squares of numbers 1 to 30 and cubes of numbers 1 to 12 should be learned by rote)
8. What is the average of 240, 320 and 560?
(You think this should happen in how much time? 15 seconds?)
9. I go at 24 kmph and return at 36 kmph. What is my average speed for the whole journey?
10. On a clock, I connect 4 O' Clock point with the 9 O' Clock one. I also connect the 6 O' Clock point with 3 O' Clock. What is the angle of intersection of the two chords?
(You need to grasp what a chord is, interpret the basic geometry of a circle, and crack such a problem within 45 seconds)
Image: The Graduate Record Examination is a computer-based multiple-choice entrance test to determine student's skills for graduate schools in English speaking countries.
Photographs: Rohit Gautam/


Questions for Practice 3
Question For Practice 3
 - Write a program in Dart to create print your own name using function.
 - Write a program in Dart to print even numbers between intervals using function
 - Write a program in Dart that find the number is prime or not using function.
 - Write a program in Dart that find the area of a circle using function.
 - Write a program in a dart that implements the Pythagorean theorem using function.
 - Write a program in Dart to reverse a String using function.
 - Write a program in Dart to calculate power of a certain number. For e.g 5^3=125


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On this page:
Definition of the noun Aesopus xenicus
What does Aesopus xenicus mean as a name of something?
Aesopus xenicus is a species of Aesopus, described by Pilsbry & Lowe in 1932.
- synonym: species Aesopus xenicus
- kingdom: Animalia
- phylum: Mollusca
- class: Gastropoda
- order: Neogastropoda
- family: Columbellidae
- genus: Aesopus
Online dictionaries and encyclopedias with entries for Aesopus xenicus
Click on a label to prioritize search results according to that topic:
Share this page
Go to the thesaurus of Aesopus xenicus to find many related words and phrases!


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Center for Assistive Technology &
Inclusive Education Studies (CATIES)
at The College of New Jersey
CATIES is a research and service initiative of The College of New Jersey's School of Education. It is dedicated to improving the educational experiences of children with disabilities by linking faculty and staff expertise with the needs of New Jersey's educational community.
Funded Initiatives: With funding and support from the New Jersey Commission on Higher Education, the U.S. Department of Education, and The College of New Jersey, CATIES is working to realize its goal of enhancing the educational experiences of children with disabilities. Six projects are currently operating under CATIES:
- Adaptive Technology Center for NJ
- Teacher Effectiveness
- Faculty Ambassador Grant
- Teacher Quality & Capacity
- Deaf-Blind-Family & Community Educational Supports (DB-FACES)
- TECH-NJ (Technology, Educators, and CHildren with Disabilities – NJ)
Professional and Technical Assistance Services: CATIES serves the educational community by providing professional development and technical assistance. Its staff specializes in conducting hands-on workshops and providing technical assistance on using instructional and assistive technology to enhance teaching and learning, transitioning from high school, and for implementing strategies to support inclusive education practices. CATIES also conducts assistive technology evaluations on children with disabilities to determine which technology tools will help a child access the curriculum and succeed in school. In addition, CATIES performs functional behavior assessments based on positive behavior support practices.
For more information about CATIES projects please visit the CATIES web site at _URL_
CATIES is a Registered NJ Professional Development Provider.


What Happens If You Don't Ground A Generator?
what happens if you don't ground a generator
Generators can be very handy when it comes to managing the effects of natural disasters and weather conditions. Often, huge storms and hurricanes can wipe out your electricity and having a generator in those times is not only convenient but may also be a lifesaver.
What Happens if you don't ground a generator?
If you don't ground your generator, it increases the chance of you getting electrocuted in case of any faults. Grounding your generator makes sure that in case of any malfunction, the extra current has a path to safely go away and the generator doesn't use the body of the person touching it as a pathway instead.
Generators are not toys – they have a lot of potentials to be dangerous. Generators literally create electricity, and in the case of the slightest of problems, that electricity may change its route. Sometimes, the current may come into the casing or other parts of the generator which you touch.
Related Post:
How To Ground A Generator?
To ground generators, a grounding rod is used. It is an eight feet long copper rod that is used to give a passage to the current. The grounding rod will allow your generator to smoothly flow its errant current into the ground.
What happens if you neglect to ground your generator?
If you don't ground your generator, you will be putting yourself and everyone who touches the generator at risk of electrocution – or worse, death.
 - Average generators hold a voltage of about 380 V. When a live ground fault happens in a generator unless its centre point is grounded, the other two live lines will rise from their 220 V voltage to 380 V voltage. This increases the risk of getting an electric shock. This is why the centre point of your generator should be grounded.
 - People also ground their generator casing. If you don't do that, in case of fire line insulation damage in the generator, the casing comes in contact with the iron core. This causes an electric current to come into the outer casing and will increase the risk of shocking anyone who touches it.
Do all generators need to be grounded?
If your model is referred to as a "separately derived system", it needs to be grounded! If not, then it doesn't. Check the transfer switch on your generator. If it can be transferred to a neutral or ground conductor, it has to be grounded. If it cannot be transferred, then you don't need to ground it.
Another way to tell whether your generator needs to be grounded is by looking at its parts. This will confirm whether your transfer switch is transferrable or not.
 - Firstly, check if all the components of your generator are bonded to the frame. Check for every component of the generator including, the fuel tank, generator engine, power receptacles, and housing. If all these parts are bonded to the frame, then you do not need to use a grounding rod as long as your frame is grounded. The errant current will simply flow into the ground through the frame. For this, however, your generator needs to rest on dry earth
 - Secondly, if you are plugging appliances directly into the generator, then you do not need to ground it as long as you make sure the first criteria is met. If the components are all bonded with the frame, and you plan to use the generator directly with the help of extension cords, you do not need a grounding wire.
Most portable generators that are available nowadays are built in a way that they do not require grounding. The best way to check if your generator needs to be grounded or not is to read the instruction manual. The instructions of most modern-day generators explicitly state whether the grounding is necessary.
If the instructions in the manual are unclear or if you are still unsure after reading the instructions, consult a specialized electrician. It is always much better to be over-cautious and stay safe than to not bother and regret later.
Connecting the generator to your home's circuit breaker
But, do not be fooled into thinking that you can get away without grounding your generator if it is all connected to the frame. If you are plugging it into your house's circuit breaker through a manual transfer switch, or if you are using it as an electrical supply to a building, then grounding is absolutely necessary.
stellar
Stellar is an engineer. He has an unconventional approach to problem-solving, and is adept at devising original solutions to complex issues. He is an imaginative thinker and regularly comes up with resourceful answers to challenging problems.
Recent Posts


text:
In an attempt to mitigate the environmental impact of 3D printing, several organizations have taken to creating recycled filament, made not only from failed prints but from water bottles and other garbage. Inexpensive filament extruders are also available to allow makers to make their own filament from recyclable materials. Not only does recycled filament help the environment, but it also helps 3D printer users to save money and be more self-sufficient, making the technology more viable in remote communities.
3D printer manufacturer re:3D has been working on making their Gigabot 3D printer capable of printing with recycled materials, for the purpose of helping those in remote communities to become more self-sufficient. In a paper entitled "Fused Particle Fabrication 3-D Printing: Recycled Materials' Optimization and Mechanical Properties," a team of researchers used an open source prototype Gigabot X 3D printer to test and optimize recycled 3D printing materials.


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IO-Link Device Validation (Compatible or Identical)
Use Device Validation to make your IO-Link port smart. You can link IO-Link ports to operate only when a compatible or identical IO-Link device is attached. This example illustrates:
- Port 1 – Device Validation set to identical. Identical Device Validation can only function if the IO-Link device contains a serial number.
- Ports 2, 3, and 5 – Device Validation set to compatible, which means these ports only operate if a compatible (same Vendor ID and same Device ID) IO-Link device is attached to the corresponding port.
- Port 4 – after clicking SAVE, this port is configured for compatible device validation


text:
As a (fourth declension masculine) noun, ūsus can adopt a variety of closely-related but powerfully particular meanings:
1. Ūsus + genitive typically refers to the use, exercise or enjoyment of something.
- ūsus ocūlōrum: eyesight
- ūsus pectōrālis : push-ups
- ūsus unguentis: the delights of cologne (I highly recommend getting this at TJ Maxx—half-price!)
2. On its own, ūsus can either refer to 'exercise' or 'wear and tear'
- Fidēs nōn ad ūsum tendit: the insurance does not cover wear and tear.
- Musculōsa ūsū cotidiānō exstitit: she became very buff through daily exercise
- (the more straightforward exercitātiō is more common, at least in my experience)
3. It can also reference a 'habit' or social 'custom'
- ūsum loquendī populō concessī; scientam mihi reservāvī: I have give up my habit of making speeches to the people, but I have retained my habit of learning (Cicero in old age)
- populum auctōritāte suā ad ūsum frūgalitātis vocāvit: by his authority, he brought the people to a habit of moderation (Lycurgus)


text:
A good space book can feed a kids obsession or inspire a new interest in exploring the wonders of the universe here are spacecoms favorites. Space shuttle endeavor and the international space station image by nasa for one year in college i had the job of my . Space oddity by david bowie song meaning lyric interpretation video and chart position. Product placement we see a mole wrench in the cockpit of the shuttle and in the international space station we get a particularly good look at the one in the iss
How it works:
1. Register a Free 1 month Trial Account.
2. Download as many books as you like ( Personal use )

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Where did your Ancestor Arrive in Canada?
From 1865 on, most immigrants to Canada arrived at the port of Quebec,
and during the winter months,at the ports of New
York, New York, Boston, Massachusetts,
Portland, ME and later to Halifax,
Nova Scotia and Saint John, New
There were smaller ports of arrival that you should consider -
Your ancestor may have arrived at an American Port and then travelled
across the Canada-U.S. border to settle.
You may want to check the 5 major ports of arrival in USA: New
York New York, Philadelphia Pennsylvania,
Baltimore Maryland, Boston
Massachusetts and New Orleans Louisiana
Think about where your ancestor settled. Then choose a port of arrival
that was closest. If your ancestor did not settle in or near a Port City,
which arrival port had the most common, the fastest, the easiest or the
cheapest route to get to your ancestor's local settlement area?
records and land records to see where your immigrant ancestor settled


text:
A teenager who died c. 1550 BCE and was buried near Stonehenge with an amber necklace was not raised in Britain but further south, near the Mediterranean, reports BBC.
The burial was discovered in 2005 5 km south of Stonehenge, in a mound at Boscombe Down, while doing roadworks for military housing. His age at death is estimated to have been 14-15 years old.
The burial shows the characteristic fetal position of Bell Beaker but not the usual grave goods of this subculture
The oxygen isotopes found in his enamel evidence that he grew in a warmer climate than Britain, near the Mediterranean. Date and context suggest to me Portugal, where an important Megalithic civilization was still active at that time. However other places of Megalithic culture in Iberia, Southern France or even North Africa or Italy cannot be discarded with the available information.
Other people buried near Stonehenge known to have arrived from afar are the Amesbury Archer, a member of the Bell Beaker subculture, known to have grown at the Northern Alps, and the Boscombe Bowmen, also with a Bell Beaker style burial, known to be from Wales or Brittany or maybe even farther away. However all these belong to a much earlier period, 750 years earlier than the boy of the amber necklace. This strongly suggests that Stonehenge and the religious/cultural (and maybe political) complex around it kept attracting people from the wider Megalithic and Bell Beaker area for almost a whole millennium, possibly more.
Stonehenge, no doubt, was a Mecca of its time. Pity that we know so little about the beliefs and society that motivated such pilgrimages.


hover over the others to see the names and associated keyboard shortcuts for each. The buttons are, from left to right:
 - Continue/Pause: Resume execution (when paused) or pause execution.
 - Step over: Execute the current line and move to the next line. Use this button to step through a file line by line.
 - Step in: When paused on a function call, you can use this button to step into that function. This can get a bit confusing if there are multiple function calls on one line, so just play around with it.
 - Step out: Run the current function to its return statement & step out to the line of code that invoked that function.
 - Restart: Stop your debugging session (kill your application) and start it again from the beginning. Use this after altering code.
 - Stop: Kill your application.
Watch Expressions
While stepping through your code, you may want to see the values of certain things. A "watch expression" will run (in the current scope!) at each paused/stopped position in your code and display the expression's value. Hover over the Watch Expression pane and click the plus to add an expression. To see the user agent header of each request as well as ourTitle, whether the response object has had headers sent, and the value of 1 + 1, just for good measure, so add the following watch expressions:
req.headers['user-agent']
ourTitle
res._headerSent
1 + 1
When you refresh the browser the debugger pauses once again at the breakpoint on line 7, you can see the result of each expression:
Image title
Call Stack
The Call Stack Pane shows the function calls that got you to the current position in the code when execution is paused and enables you to step back up that stack and examine the application state in earlier "frames." By clicking the frame below the current frame you can jump to the code that called the current function. In our case, the current frame is labeled (anonymous function) in index.js [7], and the one before that the handle function in layer.js, which is a component of the Express framework:
Image title
Note that the request handling function is unnamed, hence "(anonymous function)." "Anonymous function?!" What's that? Who knows! Moral: always name your functions!
Stepping down into the Express framework is not something I do every day, but when you absolutely need to understand how you got to where you are, the Call Stack Pane is very useful!
One especially interesting use of the Call Stack Pane is to examine variables at earlier points in your code's execution. By clicking up through the stack, you can see what variables those earlier functions had in their scope, as well as see the state of any global variables at that point in execution.
All This and More…
There are many more features of the interactive debugger than I went over here, but this is enough to get you started. To learn more, take a look at the excellent documentation from Microsoft on the VS Code Debugger and using it with Node.js. Oh, and I should probably mention that all the debugging features outlined here (and more) are built-in to Firefox as well as Chrome, should you wish to use them on browser-based code. Happy Debugging!
There's no specific term I've found for this common collection of application debugging tools so I'm using the term "interactive debugging" in this article.
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Topics:
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Gender: Male
People having the name Loretto are in general originating from Italy, United States of America.
 - Laurel
The Growth number corresponding to this first name is 6.
Learn more with our free
The name Loretto is ranked on the 53,758th position of the most used names. It means that this name is rarely used.
The name Loretto has seven characters. It means that it is relatively medium-length, compared to the other names in our database.
We do not have enough data to display the number of people who were given the name Loretto for each year.
We do not have a name day for Loretto.
For other names check our Name Day Calendar


text:
The Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR), New Delhi is inviting applications from foreign students for grant of ICCR Scholarships to pursue higher studies at the Undergraduate, Post Graduate, and Ph.D. level in Indian Educational Institutes/Universities for the Academic Year 2021-2022.
- Applicants should be between 18-30years at the time of admission.
- Applicants can apply to 5 universities /institutions in order of preference.
- Applicants should visit the university/institute's website for detailed guides before applying.
- The marks sheets of levels 10 and 10+2 of school and other relevant documents required by the university must be uploaded along with transcripts in English.
- A 500-word essay in English needs to be submitted to ascertain English proficiency. Students can also submit their TOFEL/IELTS/ Standardized Test scores, if available.
- Universities/Institutions may also conduct an online interview for applicants.
- Shortlisted students would appear for personal interview and verification at the Indian High Commission.
- Health Certificate is important.


My book says : The fact that electromagnetic radiation of energy carried momentum was known from classical theory and from the experiments of Nichols and Hull in 1903. This relation is also consistent with the relativistic expression for a particle with zero rest energy.) Does anyone know what those experiments were, and why classical theory suggests that momentum of light is E/c?
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nichols_radiometer $\endgroup$ – Ali Jul 29 '13 at 5:01
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ Also, classical theory didn't imply $p=\frac{E}{c}$, it probably had an extra $\frac{1}{2}$ factor. $\endgroup$ – Ali Jul 29 '13 at 5:04
 - 2
 $\begingroup$ _USER_ If I calculate the time-averaged radiation pressure of a normally incident plane wave on a perfectly conducting plane mirror, I get $p=\frac{1}{2} \epsilon_0 E_0^2$, where $E_0$ is the electric field amplitude. This is twice the momentum incident per unit area per unit time (the light doubles back). The rate flow of energy per unit area into the mirror is $\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\frac{\epsilon_0}{\mu_0}} E_0^2$, so this scenario therefore gives $p=\frac{E}{2 c}$, which is your factor of 2. Wow! I hadn't heard of this discrepancy. $\endgroup$ – Selene Routley Jul 29 '13 at 13:46
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ What's the name of the book and page number for the reference? $\endgroup$ – Larry Harson Jul 29 '13 at 15:30
 - 2
 $\begingroup$ _USER_: No, there is no anomalous factor of 1/2. You're confused. $\endgroup$ – user4552 Sep 28 '13 at 13:23
I don't know the experiments or history, but here are three classical calculations that gives you what you want:
Method 1: Test Charge and Plane Electromagnetic Wave
As in Section 34-10 of the first Feynman Lectures on Physics Volume, think of a plane wave and a test charge at the origin. At this point, let $\mathbf{E} = E \,\hat{\mathbf{x}}$, $\mathbf{B} = \frac{E}{c} \,\hat{\mathbf{y}}$: this is a plane wave solution of Maxwell's equations. Then the charge will be oscillating in the $\hat{\mathbf{x}}$-direction, so suppose at the instant in time under consideration it is moving with velocity $\mathbf{v} = v\,\hat{\mathbf{x}}$. The rate of the electromagnetic field's working on the particle through the electic field is $P = q \,E \,v$, so the charge is absorbing energy from the field at this rate. Note that the electric force on the particle is oscillatory and has a time-average of nought. But, at the same time, the magnetic force on the particle is $\mathbf{F} = q\,\mathbf{v}\wedge \mathbf{B}$ and $F=q\,v\,\frac{E}{c}$. $\mathbf{E}$ and $\mathbf{B}$ are in-phase, and the particle's velocity at steady state bears a constant phase relationship to $\mathbf{B}$, so both $P$ and $\mathbf{F}$ oscillate in-phase at twice the light's frequency and with nonzero time average, and the ratio of this average, from the above, is $\frac{P}{F} = \frac{q \,E \,v}{q\,v\,\frac{E}{c}} = c$. The force is simply the time rate of transfer of momentum. Thus, whenever the electromagnetic field transfers energy $W$ to a particle, it also transfers momentum $\frac{W}{c}$.
Method 2: Inertia Content of Energy
We imagine a pulse of energy $W$ emitted from one end of a spaceship and absorbed at the other. But the inertia content of this pulse is $\frac{W}{c^2}$. So, superficially it seems that the centre of mass of the system is shifting (by dent of the moving energy) whilst the light pulse is in flight. Conservation of momentum would be violated if this supposition is true. However, one can resolve the contradiction if one assumes that the spaceship feels a recoil at the launch of the light pulse. So, if the spaceship's mass is $M$, it has to move off in the opposite direction to the light with speed $c \frac{W}{c^2} \frac{1}{M}$, because this speed will keep the system's centre of mass still. Thus, we get $\frac{W}{c}$ for the momentum of the pulse.
Notice how if we used the converse of method 2 together with method 1 (i.e. knowing the radiation pressure and thus the thrust on the spaceship), we could deduce from first principles that the effective mass of the light needed to uphold momentum conservation is $\frac{E}{c^2}$.
Method 3: Plane Wave Incident on a Metal
This is actually a special case of method 1 (which is more general), but it has an adjustable parameter (the conductivity of the mirror) that can be used to illustrate two separate behaviours. I am using the convention $\partial_t \mapsto -i\,\omega$ where $\omega$ is the field's angular frequency.
Let the $x-y$ plane (i.e. $z=0$) be the face of a mirror: for $z<0$ we have freespace characterized by the freespace electric and magnetic constants $\epsilon_0$ and $\mu_0$, for $z>0$ we have a metal of electric constant $\epsilon$, magnetic constant $\mu$ and conductivity $\sigma$. In freespace there is an incident wave plane wave such that in the plane $z=0$:
Electric field: $\mathbf{E} = E_i \hat{\mathbf{x}}$
Magnetic field: $\mathbf{H} = \sqrt{\frac{\epsilon_0}{\mu_0}}\, E_i \hat{\mathbf{y}}$
and there is also a reflected plane wave ($E_r$ is to be deduced) such that:
Electric field: $\mathbf{E} = E_r \hat{\mathbf{x}}$
Magnetic field: $\mathbf{H} = -\sqrt{\frac{\epsilon_0}{\mu_0}}\, E_r \hat{\mathbf{y}}$
The opposite sign assumed on the magnetic field stands for a wave with wavevector pointing in the $-\hat{\mathbf{z}}$ direction. The incident wave runs in the $+\hat{\mathbf{z}}$. In the metal, the field has the following dependence, as can be proven from finding a plane wave solution to Maxwell's equations (again, E_m is to be deduced):
Electric field: $\mathbf{E} = E_m \,e^{\gamma\,z}\, \hat{\mathbf{x}}$
Magnetic field: $\mathbf{H} = -i\,\frac{\gamma}{\omega\,\mu}\, E_m \,e^{\gamma\,z}\, \hat{\mathbf{y}}$
Current Density: $\mathbf{J} = \sigma\,E_m \,e^{\gamma\,z}\, \hat{\mathbf{x}}$
where the complex wavenumber is:
$\gamma = \frac{-1+i}{\sqrt{2}} \sqrt{\omega\mu\left(\sigma-i\, \omega\,\epsilon\right)}$
is chosen (there are two possible $\pm$ values from Maxwell's equations for $\gamma$) so that the field decays exponentially as $z\rightarrow\infty$.
From the standard electromagnetic boundary conditions at the interface (continuity of tangential components of $\mathbf{E}$ and $\mathbf{H}$ across the interface):
$E_i + E_r = E_m$
$E_i - E_r = \sqrt{\frac{\mu_0}{\epsilon_0}} \frac{\gamma}{i\,\omega\,\mu}\,E_m$
$E_m = \frac{2\,E_i}{1 + \sqrt{\frac{\mu_0}{\epsilon_0}} \frac{\gamma}{i\,\omega\,\mu}}$
Now, the time averaged force per unit area on the metal is:
$\frac{1}{2}\mathrm{Re}\left(\int\limits_0^\infty \mathbf{J} \wedge \mathbf{B}^*. \hat{\mathbf{z}}\right) = \frac{\mathrm{Im}(\gamma)\,\sigma\,|E_m|^2}{4\,\omega\,\mathrm{Re}(\gamma)} = \frac{\mathrm{Im}(\gamma)\,\sigma\,|E_i|^2}{\omega\,\mathrm{Re}(\gamma) \left|1 + \sqrt{\frac{\mu_0


text:
40 Orange Street.
Privately owned, not open to the public.
of the local women's anti-slavery society, Anna Gardner, was instrumental
in convening the island's first Anti-Slavery Convention in 1841
(see Site 3). Her Quaker abolitionist family lived here. In 1822, her
parents Oliver and Hannah Gardner sheltered escaped slave Arthur Cooper
(see Site 7) and his pregnant wife.
at the African School (see Site 9) from 1836 until 1840 and was a
teacher of Eunice Ross (_PHONE_) (see
Site 7). Anna went South
in 1863 to teach black youngsters in Union-occupied North Carolina.
During Reconstruction, she taught in Virginia schools established
by the Freedman's Bureau. She later became a leader in the
national women's suffrage movement.
Heritage Trail® Next


text: In‐lake alkalinity generation (IAG) is important in regulation of alkalinity in lakes with long residence times, particularly seepage lakes. An IAG model based on input/output modeling concepts is presented that describes budgets for each ion involved in alkalinity regulation by a single differential equation that includes inputs, outputs, and a first‐order sink term. These equations are linked to an alkalinity balance equation that includes inputs, outputs, IAG (by sulfate and nitrate reduction), and internal alkalinity consumption (by ammonium assimilation). Calibration using published lake budgets shows that rate constants are generally similar among soft water lakes (kSO4 ≈ 0.5 m/yr; kNO3 ≈ 1.3 yr−1; kNH4 ≈ 1.5 yr−1). Sensitivity analysis shows that predicted alkalinity is sensitive to water/residence time, but less sensitive to modest changes in rate constants. The model reflects the homeostatic nature of internal alkalinity generation, in which internal alkalinity production increases with increasing acid input and decreases with decreasing acid inputs of HNO3 or H2SO4.


text:
Fields as columns. For example. to show all Objects of type com.example.mat.Listener, you would simply write:
select * from com.example.mat.Listener
Columns can be configured using different fields, such as:
SELECT toString(l.message), l.message.count FROM com.example.mat.Listener l
SELECT toString(s), s.count FROM java.lang.String s WHERE (toString(s) NOT LIKE "message.*")
10. Exporting your results
The memory analyzer is a great tool for creating reports about the state of an application's memory. A Heap Dump contains valuable information about the state of your system, and the MAT provides the tools needed to access this data. However, like with many open tools, if something is missing you're not locked in, nor are you out of luck. With the MAT you can export your results to several different formats including HTML, CSV or even Plain Text. You can then use your favorite spreadsheet program (or your own tool) to continue your analysis.
The Eclipse Memory Analyzer is a powerful tool, one all Java Developers should be familiar with. Tracking memory leaks and other memory related problems is often challenging, but hopefully with the MAT you can get to the root of your problems relatively quickly.


text:
euRobotics AISBL is a Brussels based international non-profit association to strengthen the bond between all stakeholders in European robotics, including industry, research, education, politics and technology transfer. With more than 240 members and growing, one of the association's main missions is to collaborate with the European Commission to develop and implement a strategy and a roadmap for research, technological development and innovation in robotics. The association is also beneficiary and coordinator of several European projects.
To support the Project Manager, the Secretary-General, the Treasurer and the Board of Directors in the financial operations, we are looking for a motivated
Finance Officer /part-time (f/m)
- who provides sound financial and administrative systems, procedures and structures for the organisation and is responsible for both preparing budget plans but also executes the day-to-day accounting functions of the association following Belgian standards,
- who ensures that all incoming funds and expenses to be paid are processed according to the association's policies and booked on time. The Finance Officer (FO) follows all transfers, payments and receipts, ensuring they are properly documented, and that the association has up to date financial information available at all times.
Specific tasks include:
- Preparing and processing the annual invoices for membership fees;
- Ensuring all payments are properly authorised, coded and documented, before making payment online, and filing related paper documents, differentiating cost centres (including European projects) and cost and service types;
- Preparing financial statements and claims for EC-funded research projects in accordance with EC requirements and liaising with project partners' finance officers to coordinate these processes with project partners
- Ensure compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, including rental agreements, insurance contracts, etc.;
- Liaising with our members, suppliers, staff and others to resolve queries;
- General accounting and cash/bank management, checking statements, reconciling suspense accounts and taking corrective action where needed;
- Recover VAT when possible;
- Administering salaries, including collecting and submitting it to our social secretariat, overseeing salaries and managing the relationship with the social secretariat.
- Prepare annual budgets, observe and predict cash flow, prepare the annual balance and organise an independent audit;
- Preparing reports and statistics, and downloading data from the accounting software; supporting colleagues to understand and interpret the information and responding to their queries;
- Managing the relationship with our bank and our tax consultant;
- at least three years' experience of relevant financial and administrative management;
- good knowledge of requirements of a European association and the financial procedures in European projects;
- good knowledge of Belgian administration, fiscal and labour laws;
- fluency in English and French;
- excellent computer skills (Word, Excel, Internet, bookkeeping software and telebanking).
We are looking for someone who is well organised, efficient, is able to work independently and effectively in a small team, with minimal supervision and is a real solution seeker.
Starting date: as soon as possible
If you are interested in this position, send your application and CV giving clear evidence that you fit to the requested profile, until 12 October 2015 to
Dr. Uwe Haass, Acting Secretary General,
80 Blvd. Auguste Reyers
Download the PDF file


text:
An abbrev is a word that has been defined to expand into a specified expansion. When you insert a word-separator character following the abbrev, that expands the abbrev—replacing the abbrev with its expansion. For example, if 'foo' is defined as an abbrev expanding to 'find outer otter', then typing f o o. will insert 'find outer otter.'.
Abbrevs expand only when Abbrev mode, a buffer-local minor mode, is enabled. Disabling Abbrev mode does not cause abbrev definitions to be forgotten, but they do not expand until Abbrev mode is enabled again. The command M-x abbrev-mode toggles Abbrev mode; with a numeric argument, it turns Abbrev mode on if the argument is positive, off otherwise. See Minor Modes.
Abbrevs can have mode-specific definitions, active only in one major mode. Abbrevs can also have global definitions that are active in all major modes. The same abbrev can have a global definition and various mode-specific definitions for different major modes. A mode-specific definition for the current major mode overrides a global definition.
You can define abbrevs interactively during the editing session, irrespective of whether Abbrev mode is enabled. You can also save lists of abbrev definitions in files, which you can the reload for use in later sessions.


Module 5 general psychology | Psychology homework help
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Module 05 General Psychology Credit by Assessment
Psychological principles are theories and beliefs about major areas of our lives, like cognitions, intelligence, social groups, habit, behavior, and many others. Let's explore how we identify and utilize psychological principles in daily life. In a 2 page paper, please analyze the following:
 - How do psychological principles affect the study of the behavior of individuals and groups?
 - What are the parameters of behavioral deviance and its various therapies?
 - How do psychological principles affect the study of individual differences?
 - Last, explain the role of psychology in such areas as industry, complex organizations, law, and education.
This paper should be 2-3 pages in length and use APA formatting (cover page, paper body formatting, citations, and references: see Rasmussen's APA guide in the Resources tab, or by clicking here. Prior to submitting your paper, be sure you proofread your work to check your spelling and grammar. If you use any outside sources, please site those sources in APA citation format.


text:
National Day of Action against Bullying and Violence 2013
Over 1400 schools across Australia have registered for the National Day of Action Against Bullying and Violence, Friday 15 March 2013. What a fantastic response!
This annual day provides a focus for schools who want to say Bullying. No Way! and to strengthen their everyday messages that bullying and violence at school are not okay at any time.
The annual National Day of Action Against Bullying and Violence is organised by all Australian education authorities through the Safe and Supportive School Communities Project.
Take a Stand Together 2013 Photo Gallery
Bullying. No Way! would love to see your school's National Day of Action photo in our new Take a Stand Together 2013 photo gallery.
For important information about consent forms and instructions on how to submit your photos go to Send a Photo to Bullying. No Way!