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Create your own face tracking, pan and tilt camera on the Raspberry Pi!
This tutorial will demonstrate use of the OpenCV (computer vision) library to identify and track faces on the raspberry pi using two servos and a USB webcam. For the interested, I previously covered a more thorough overview of the installation of OpenCV from source here, however, I have found that the apt package is sufficient for all but the most bleeding edge of projects.
This project is based on the OpenCV face tracking example that comes along with the source-based distribution. In short, it performs face detection using haar-like features to analyze the video frame, and locates any faces present within it. In the live video window, identified faces are surrounded with a red rectangle. For additional information about how face detection works as well as the specifics of face detection with OpenCV, I recommend this article by Robin Hewitt.
Using the coordinates of the rectangle vertices, my script calculates the (X,Y) position of the center of the face. If the face is sufficiently on the left side of the screen, the pan servo will progressively rotate leftward, on the right side, rightward. This is likewise performed for the tilt servo as well, if the face is in the upper portion of the screen, it will pan upward, in the lower portion, pan downward. If the face is detected reasonably within the center of the image, no action is performed by the servos. This prevents unnecessary jitter once the camera has locked itself on the face.
- 512 MB raspberry pi
- 2x Hobby servos (Turnigy 9g fom Hobby King)
- Pan & tilt bracket (from Foxtech FPV)
- USB webcam (Microsoft LifeCam Show from Amazon)
- Power supply
- Hook-up wire
- Raspberry Pi enclosure (from Built to Spec)
Connect the red, power lines of the servos to +5v, the black ground lines to GND, and the yellow signal lines to the desired output pins, GPIO pins 22 and 23 in the example. Here is a diagram of the completed circuit (created with Fritzing):
And here is how it looks all put together:
Get the source.
The first step of this procedure is to install the required libraries and packages using the Raspberry Pi package manager. Open up terminal shell and run:
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install git python-opencv python-all-dev libopencv-dev
This command will pull down all of the required packages (about 215 MB worth) including the git version control system, as well as the OpenCV development headers and Python bindings. The next step is to configure the Raspberry Pi for use with multiple pulse width modulation (PWM) outputs. Normally, the Raspberry Pi has only one channel of PWM output. However, thanks to the efforts of Richard Hirst, eight channels of PWM can be used through the use of this servoblaster kernel driver.The driver creates a device file, /dev/servoblaster to which commands can be sent to control the servos. The commands take the form "=" with servo number representing the desired servo (0-7 in this case) and servo position representing the pulse width in units of 10 µs. For example, to send servo 3 a pulse width of 120 µs: echo 3=120 > /dev/servoblaster To configure the servoblaster on the Raspberry Pi, first pull down the sources from Richard's Github repo:
git clone _URL_
Then change into the servo blaster directory, and install the module:
This command also sets up the necessary udev rules for accessing the /dev/servoblaster device. Note: using the 'install_autostart ' command will set up a Raspberry Pi to load the servoblaster kernel module on every boot. If you don't want this behavior, execute 'make install' instead. In either case, the module will not yet be loaded so go ahead and load it into the kernel using modprobe:
sudo modprobe servoblaster
Now that all the prerequisites have been installed and the servo blaster device configured, it's time to get the actual face tracking and servo moving code. Clone my repo from Github here:
git clone _URL_
Now change directory into the created folder, and run the script like this:
python./facetracker_servo_gpio.py 0
If you have a different servo bracket configuration, the pan and tilt axis may need to be inverted. To do so, invert the sign on the values of panStepSize and tiltStepSize. Similarly, increasing or decreasing these values will change the sensitivity of the movement, larger numbers corresponding to more degrees moved per face detection frame.
Google Talk/Chat/Messenger is normally used by humans to interact with other humans. However, its underlying technology can also be used as a mechanism to implement software robots. Internet bots, also known as web robots, WWW robots or simply 'bots' can also utilize the technology to perform automated functions over the web. There are many such bots in existence, offering a diverse spectrum of services from jokes (_EMAIL_) to URL Shortening using bit.ly (_EMAIL_), even mathematical calculation (_EMAIL_). Using such bots is quick and easy to configure, all that must be done is to add the bot as a contact to your messaging account. Then, whenever you desire data from the service, simply text the command to the bot and it will respond with the respective message.
The Raspi Bot is essentially the same as any other automated Internet robot. To configure it, it must first have its own e-mail address associated with a Google talk account. This e-mail address must also be added as a contact with the account that wishes to communicate to the bot. Then, whenever the script is running on the remote machine, it will log into Google chat and appear as a friend in your contact list.
The software itself is essentially just a Python daemon script that is a wrapper around the XMPP protocol. When executed, the script will sign in to Google talk using its own username and password. The Python script is derived from the open source project pygtalkrobot: An open source python gtalk(google talk) bot framework using XMPPPY and PyDNS libraries, that also references the source code of python-jabberbot.
The Raspi Bot requires several additional Python modules for use. The easiest way to install these is with the python pip package manager. If you don't have it installed, you can install them using apt-get:
sudo apt-get install python-pip git-core python2.7-dev
Then update the easy_install index:
sudo easy_install -U distribute
And install the GPIO, xmpppy, and pydns modules:
sudo pip install RPi.GPIO xmpppy pydns
Then clone my repo for the Raspi Gtalk robot:
git clone _URL_
Now change into the newly created directory:
Finally, you will need to configure the Raspi Bot's Gtalk username and password. This is done by editing the fields BOT_GTALK_USER, BOT_GTALK_PASS, and BOT_ADMIN, on lines 31-33 in the raspiBot.py file. It is recommended, though not required, to give the Raspi Bot its own Gmail account. Since access to the Raspberry Pi GPIO pins is restricted, the script needs to be run with sudo:
sudo python./raspiBot.py
This basic sample script supports the following commands:
- [pinon|pon|on|high] [pin] : turns on the specified GPIO pin
- [pinoff|poff|off|low] [pin] : turns off the specified GPIO pin
- [write|w] [pin] [state] : writes specified state to the specified GPIO pin
- [read|r] [pin]: reads the value of the specified GPIO pin
- [available|online|busy|dnd|away|idle|out|xa] [arg1] : set gtalk state and status message to specified argument
- [shell|bash] [arg1] : executes the specified shell command argument after 'shell' or 'bash'
For example, sending the message "pinon 10″ will turn on GPIO pin #10, "read 8″ will read the current state of GPIO pin 8, or "bash ps" to execute the shell command 'ps'.
The video demonstration uses a slide switch connected to GPIO pin 8 and an LED connected to GPIO pin 10. Here is a diagram of how this is wired (created with Fritzing):
Use case #1: Home automation
One of the most obvious usages of this technology is for home automation purposes. The Raspi Bot can be accessed anywhere with Google talk, which to my understanding, is nearly every system in existence. Send the Raspi Bot messages to turn on and off lights and other electrical appliances.
This is also useful to provide immediate notification in the event of intrusion detection. The Raspi Bot can be supplemented with additional security sensors, including infrared motion, and ultrasonic distance sensors. If any pre-programmed sensor violates any predefined condition, you can be immediately notified via message from the Raspi Bot.
Use case #2: Remote shell
The Raspi Bot can be used essentially as a remote shell. In this configuration, every message sent to the Raspi Bot will be interpreted as a shell command with the output piped back to the user in the form of a response message. Obviously, this could raise some security concerns. To protect against misuse, the Raspi Bot will only respond to Google chat messages from the Google user designated as the

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Historic Conveniences: An Evolution of Everyday Gadgets
An exhibit featuring a series of artifacts whose humble beginnings may be unrecognizable by today's younger generations. These items all perform a function still in use today, but their technologies or designs have evolved, making today's versions appear vastly different than those on display.
A walk through Gresham's history from logging camp to Oregon's 4th largest city.
Communication in Gresham:
A look at the early communication options in Gresham, including the start of the postal service, the origins of the Gresham Outlook newspaper, and Gresham's telephone service.
A tribute to the many men and women of Gresham who have served our country.
An exploration of quilting throughout Gresham's history. Among the twenty-four quilts on display are quilts sewn by four generations of one family, many different ages and styles of quilts, and a sampling of the materials used in quilting.
What Am I?:
A display of obscure artifacts that have yet to be positively identified. Check out the artifacts, write down and submit your guesses, and then compare your guesses with ours. We appreciate any information visitors can provide on these objects.
Each year we curate one principal exhibit in the main room at the Gresham History Museum. We also create smaller rotating auxiliary exhibits and feature permanent historical elements of the museum.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
- Enter a word for the dictionary definition.
From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:
Vivacious \Vi*va"cious\ (?; 277), a. [L. v['i]vax, -acis, fr. vivere to live. See Vivid.] 1. Having vigorous powers of life; tenacious of life; long-lived. [Obs.] [1913 Webster] Hitherto the English bishops have been vivacious almost to wonder.... But five died for the first twenty years of her [Queen Elizabeth's] reign. --Fuller. [1913 Webster] The faith of Christianity is far more vivacious than any mere ravishment of the imagination can ever be. --I. Taylor. [1913 Webster] 2. Sprightly in temper or conduct; lively; merry; as, a vivacious poet. "Vivacious nonsense." --V. Knox. [1913 Webster] 3. (Bot.) Living through the winter, or from year to year; perennial. [R.] [1913 Webster] Syn: Sprightly; active; animated; sportive; gay; merry; jocund; light-hearted. [1913 Webster] -- Vi*va"cious*ly, adv. -- Vi*va"cious*ness, n. [1913 Webster]


text:
Taking Risks and Doing Gender Among BASE Jumpers
In the arena of extreme sports, BASE jumping is among the most dangerous. BASE jumpers leap from fixed objects such as bridges, skyscrapers and cliffs, and freefall for several seconds before parachuting back to earth. Men On The Edge offers a wide-ranging sociological analysis of gender and voluntary risk taking as it unfolds in the context of BASE jumping. This book challenges highly individualistic accounts of voluntary risk taking and extends early attempts to explain the gendered participation in the sport by drawing on wider debates about modernization, individualization, community formation, gender relations and the sociology of the everyday.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Have a look at the calendar text here to see what's coming up.
Falmouth University's School of Film and Television partner with ICA to bring Crossings: Stories of Migration. The Nine Muses is a retelling of the history of mass migration to post-war Britain through the suggestive lens of the Homeric epic.More information Check times : Book
An enthralling and beautifully mannered labour-of-love of a film from writer/director Stanley Tucci. Geoffrey Rush plays artist Alberto Giacometti and Armie Hammer plays James Lord, his young American biographer who endured endless sittings in hope of a portrait.More information Check times : Book


continuity and change
In History, continuity and change refer to aspects of life or of a society that have remained the same or aspects that have changed or developed over time. The causes of change, or the reasons why change has been resisted and things have remained the same, can be investigated, along with the nature and pace of change and the impact of change. Concepts such as progress and decline may be used to evaluate continuity and change in a time period.


George Hetherington
Born of musical parents, George spent five years of his years of his boyhood in Durham Cathedral Choir. After grammar school came National Service, spent in Singapore, where he played piano for a while in the famous Raffles Hotel. On leaving college he taught music, including Ferryhill Grammar School, where he began a long partnership with Fred Wharton.
George first joined DMTC (then DAOS) in 1955 and is the third successive Musical Director with Durham Cathedral connections, following Cyril Maude and G Chandos Cradock. He has conducted most of the operatic societies in the North East, but spends most of his time these days arranging music for various musical organisations and soloists. George also has a flourishing concert programme, which he performs throughout the region.


text:
- 1 What do you eat with dumplings for dinner?
- 2 What do you serve with pork Gyozas?
- 3 What do you eat Gyozas with?
- 4 How many dumplings do I need for one person?
- 5 Do you boil or fry dumplings?
- 6 What do you eat vegetable gyoza with?
- 7 What do you serve with dim sum?
- 8 How do you serve Gyoza dumplings?
- 9 What does gyoza mean?
- 10 Is Gyoza the same as dumplings?
- 11 How healthy are dumplings?
- 12 Can you eat raw dumplings?
- 13 Are dumplings high in carbs?
What do you eat with dumplings for dinner?
What to Serve with Potstickers: 13 Asian Sides
- Vegetable Stir Fry. Give your dumplings a colorful companion by serving them with a vegetable stir-fry.
- Fried Rice.
- Fried Green Beans with Garlic Sichuan Sauce.
- Fresh Spring Rolls.
- Hot and Sour Soup.
- Egg Drop Soup.
- Char Siu Roasted Eggplant.
- Potsticker Rice Noodle Bowl.
What do you serve with pork Gyozas?
Gyoza, which are packed with lots of garlic and chives and fried to perfection, have long been considered a satisfying food to enjoy over drinks. They can be happily paired with beer, highballs, or sours.
What do you eat Gyozas with?
Gyoza is usually dipped in a mixture of soy sauce and rice vinegar with some chili oil called ra-yu dribbled in. Often it is either served as a side order to ramen, but in Japan, you can also find people eating it with rice.
How many dumplings do I need for one person?
You'll want to make at least as many dumplings as your guests can eat in one sitting—estimate about 15 to 20 dumplings per guest, on the generous side.
Do you boil or fry dumplings?
Boil or pan fry them the usual way. If steaming, prolong the cooking time by 2 minutes. 2. Recook leftover dumplings: Fry them with a little oil in a pan.
What do you eat vegetable gyoza with?
And while rice and steamed veggies make it a meal, there are lots of easy ways to make delicious dinners starring potstickers.
- Make a stir-fry with them.
- Serve them with an Asian-style slaw.
- Stir them into soup.
- Top a rice bowl with them.
- Make a pasta salad with them and your favorite Asian-style dressing.
What do you serve with dim sum?
" Congee (rice porridge), which can be sweet or savory, and on the sweeter side, small egg or custard tarts and fried sesame balls, are common as well." The easiest dishes to make at home, Cheung notes, are sui mai and spring rolls.
How do you serve Gyoza dumplings?
Serve the gyoza with a dipping sauce of soy and rice vinegar and sprinkle over the chopped green of the spring onions. There you have it; a tasty, football-friendly dinner for you and your mates.
What does gyoza mean?
noun. a Japanese dish consisting of dumplings typically filled with ground meat and vegetables and pan-fried, then steamed.
Is Gyoza the same as dumplings?
Dumplings are most commonly steamed, pan fried, deep fried, or boiled. While jiaozi dates back about a thousand years, gyoza is a much more recent innovation. The gyoza was soon born with a thinner dumpling wrapper and more finely chopped stuffing.
How healthy are dumplings?
"Steamed or boiled dumplings are a reasonably healthy option, but you need to think of things like the filling, serving size and condiments you are using," she tells Coach. "The veggie and seafood ones have the lowest energy [kilojoules]."
Can you eat raw dumplings?
The short answer is no. Eating raw dough made with flour or eggs can make you sick. Raw dough may contain bacteria such as E. coli or Salmonella.
Are dumplings high in carbs?
Eating steamed dumplings gives you access to healthy carbohydrates, a macronutrient your body requires for energy. Each two-dumpling serving contains 12 to 22 g of carbohydrates, or 9.2 to 16.9 percent of the 130 g the Institute of Medicine recommends for daily consumption.


Do Bullsnakes Eat Rattlesnakes?
Written by Brandi Allred
Updated: October 25, 2023
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Key Points
 - Bullsnakes and rattlesnakes grow to similar sizes and share a lot of the same territory.
 - Bullsnakes are rumored to eat and/or repel rattlesnakes, but is this actually true?
 - There are certain animal species that actively prey on the rattlesnake.
Rattlesnakes are one of the scariest species of snake in North America. They're common throughout the desert southwest, as well as all regions of the United States. They can even be found in Canada, Central America, and South America. They're members of the pit viper family, so named for the heat-sensing pits located between their eyes and nostrils. Rattlesnakes may be scary, but many people wonder, do bullsnakes eat rattlesnakes?
Bullsnakes are similar to rattlesnakes in that they occupy many of the same areas. They eat the same things and grow to similar sizes. They even look similar—though bullsnakes lack one thing that rattlesnakes are widely known for. Like rattlesnakes, bullsnakes strike fear into the hearts of many—and they just may strike fear into the hearts of rattlesnakes too.
Here, we'll learn more about the important differences between rattlesnakes and their less dangerous cousin, the bullsnake. Then, we'll take a look at some of the more common myths surrounding the two. Finally, we'll answer the big question: do bullsnakes eat rattlesnakes? After that, we'll take a look at some of the other creatures that make a meal out of rattlesnakes, and what rattlesnakes like to eat too.
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Bullsnake Vs. Rattlesnake: What's the Difference?
Bull Snake vs Rattlesnake
Like rattlesnakes, bullsnakes can grow up to eight feet long. Both species have dusky yellow or brown bodies with diamond-like markings, but only the rattlesnake has a rattle. Additionally, rattlesnake heads are very different from bullsnake heads.
The head of a rattlesnake is designed to deliver venom, whereas bullsnakes are actually non-venomous. Bullsnake heads are narrow, not much wider than the width of their necks, and they lack the heat-sensing pits that rattlesnakes have. Rattlesnakes have spade-shaped heads that are very wide at the base. And, unlike bullsnakes, rattlesnakes have very large, retractable fangs at the front of their mouths. Though, hopefully, you won't see them.
Do Bullsnakes Kill Rattlesnakes?
Bull Snake with Jaws Open
Bullnakes may look like rattlesnakes but lack fangs.
©Markparker1983/Shutterstock.com
Bullsnakes and rattlesnakes grow to about the same size, and occupy many of the same habitats, but do bullsnakes kill rattlesnakes? According to popular myth, they do. But, stories are often wrong, and so is this one.
No, bullsnakes do not kill rattlesnakes—they don't hunt them down, and they don't eat them. The sole exception to this is opportunity. For example; a hungry adult bullsnake might eat a newborn, or small, dead, rattlesnake, if given the opportunity.
Bullsnakes have a very similar diet to rattlesnakes: they both eat small mammals primarily. Their typical prey includes mice, rats, shrews, rabbits, and other pint-sized creatures. Bullsnakes will also eat birds and even amphibians. But, like rattlesnakes, they rarely eat other snakes.
What Are The Natural Bull Snake Predators?
While adult bullsnakes generally face few natural predators, on occasion, a large hawk or other predatory animal might target them. However, young bullsnakes are more vulnerable and often become prey for birds, mammals, and even other snakes. Like many snake species, bullsnakes can fall victim to predators such as weasels, coyotes, foxes, and a variety of birds of prey.
While foxes and other small to medium-sized animals such as dogs can kill a bullsnake, particularly large bullsnakes have the potential to capture and consume a small puppy, although they do not pose a threat to fully grown dogs.
Furthermore, even if a dog is bitten by a bullsnake, the bite does not carry any venom, and it is generally not life-threatening.
Do Bullsnakes Repel Rattlesnakes?
If you've heard that bullsnakes kill rattlesnakes, then you've probably also heard that bullsnakes repel rattlesnakes. Some people have even gone so far as to keep bullsnakes in their tents when camping, believing that this will keep them safe from rattlers. However, this is neither necessary nor true.
Bullsnakes do not repel rattlesnakes; they're both snakes, and each species wants about the same thing out of life—to eat, and make little snakes. Bullsnakes and rattlesnakes may not be bosom buddies, but they don't repel each other like bug spray to mosquitoes. Bullsnakes are, however, commonly mistaken for rattlesnakes, and are often killed by people who mistakenly think that all rattlesnakes should be killed on sight.
Do Bullsnakes and Rattlesnakes Mate?
Mojave rattlesnake close-up of rattle
Rattlesnakes may look like bullsnakes, but the two types of snakes don't mate.
©Rusty Dodson/Shutterstock.com
Rattlesnakes share many commonalities with bullsnakes: size, habitat, and prey. However, rattlesnakes don't lay eggs. Instead, the baby snakes incubate within a membrane until they're fully formed, then the mother gives birth to her young. However, female bullsnakes lay eggs in sand and leave them to incubate on their own.
But, can bullsnakes and rattlesnakes produce offspring? The answer is: no. They may be very similar, but rattlers and bullsnakes are, in the end, different species, and don't mate. They don't seek each other out to make little snakes, and many have different, incompatible, mating rituals.
Bullsnakes aren't big snake eaters. Sure, if they're hungry enough, they may snack on a snake, but they generally prefer amphibians, rodents, and the occasional lizard. The same is true for rattlesnakes.
What Eats Rattlesnakes?
Snakes in Mississippi - Eastern Black Kingsnake (Lampropeltis nigra)
Predators of rattlesnakes include kingsnakes and roadrunners.
©Matt Jeppson/Shutterstock.com
Rattlesnakes don't have much to fear, but they do have to watch out for a few creatures. Humans are probably at the top of this list, as they're responsible for many unnecessary rattlesnake deaths. But, after humans, the rattlesnake's greatest enemy is probably the kingsnake. Kingsnakes actively hunt rattlesnakes for supper, as do greater roadrunners. Both species are uniquely suited to attacking and killing rattlesnakes, despite their dangerous venom.
Interestingly, kingsnakes aren't venomous like rattlesnakes, so they rely on constriction to kill their prey. So rattlesnakes can potentially use their venom to defend themselves from the slow strategy of kingsnakes. But the kingsnake's tendency to eat other snakes is where its name derives.
After kingsnakes and rattlesnakes, species like the timber, prairie, and Mojave rattlesnake have to watch out for coyotes, guinea fowl, large birds of prey, and livestock. Cows and horses will stomp rattlesnakes to death if they're startled, and many birds will snatch them from the ground for a meal.
What Do Rattlesnakes Eat?
Rattlesnakes are the great rodent hunters of North America. They're so good at it that, without rattlesnakes, our rodent populations would explode, causing massive ecological damage. Some of the rattlesnake's favorite foods include mice, rats, gophers, prairie dogs, and rabbits.
They'll also eat small birds, amphibians, and lizards. Depending on where they live, rattlers also prey on bird eggs, swallowing them whole without having to worry about using any venom.
Because of their ability to control rodent populations, rattlesnakes are key components of many ecosystems. The human-led killing of them can lead to major imbalances. That's why if you see a rattlesnake, or a bullsnake, try to leave it alone. Remember—snakes don't want to hurt you, but they will act to defend themselves, if necessary.
What is the Lifespan of a Rattlesnake?
eastern diamond back rattlesnake on road
Despite the challenges they face, rattlesnakes play an important role in their ecosystems as both predators and prey.
©Chase D'animulls/Shutterstock.com
The rattlesnake is a venomous snake that is


text:
1492: The Year the World Began
Felipe Ferńandez-Armesto's contention in 1492: The Year the World Began is that in the titular year events occurred that shaped the global community we live in today. 1492 may seem a date both too distant and too specific to bear the claim of being the year in which the world began to shrink, to experience a convergence of peoples and cultures, but Ferńandez-Armesto presents a fascinating case.
In separate chapters the events of the late 15th century in Europe, Africa, Asia, and America are examined. For Europe, 1492 was the year when "the resources of the Americas began to be accessible to Westerners." The documenting of Atlantic wind patterns that resulted from Columbus's voyages helped change the perception of the globe. In Africa the division of the continent into regions adhering to Christianity or Islam is detailed as having been established in the decades around 1492. Events in Russia, China, India, Japan, and the Americas are also covered. Whether or not Felipe Ferńandez-Armesto convinces with his argument that 1492 was a pivotal year in history, this is a book full of insight into the world and events of the late 15th century.


text:
Cool Australia and Planet Ark's National Recycling Week have created three resources to help educators connect children to the wonders of the natural world through sensory and play-based learning. This lesson has been developed as part of the Schools Recycle Right Challenge for Planet Ark's National Recycling Week.
Turn your recycling efforts into classroom learning by accessing these online lesson plans and digital resources. Each lesson is aligned with the Early Years Learning Framework and includes hand-on, children-centred learning activities that are fun and engaging.
These three free-to-access lessons below cover:
- Waste and recycling investigations
- Describing and sorting waste
- Sorting waste according to size, shape, weight, colour and texture
- Sensory exploration of paper (feel, smell, and sound)
- Drawing the connection between paper and trees
Activities are differentiated for 0 to 2 year olds, and 3 to 5 year olds. Suggestive learning evaluation criteria included in each lesson.
These activities will help you embed sustainability and recycling into your daily practice at your centre and in your community.
Check out the digital library for National Recycling Week – its jam packed with videos, pictures, factsheets and news articles to inspire recycling in your centre.


_USER_{Angelini2010Residential, abstract = {With the ageing of the European population, the housing choices of the elderly will have consequences on the whole housing market. In this paper we use data from the first two waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) to analyse the residential mobility decisions of the elderly and the factors influencing them in eleven European countries.}, address = {Munich}, author = {Viola Angelini and Anne Laferr\'{e}re}, copyright = {_URL_ keywords = {D10; R21; R28; 330; housing; ageing; residential mobility; housing policy; Wohnstandort; Alte Menschen; Wohnungspolitik; Wirkungsanalyse; Europa}, language = {eng}, number = {3280}, publisher = {Center for Economic Studies and Ifo Institute (CESifo)}, title = {Residential mobility of the European elderly}, type = {CESifo working paper: Public Choice}, url = {_URL_ year = {2010} }


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I want to do some math like plus, minus etc. with decimal values.
So i wrote two functions;
function to_decimal(i){
 var $dec = parseFloat(i);
 return $dec.toFixed(2);
function calc_price(){
 var $t = $('_TAG_.total').text();
 var $total = to_decimal($t);
 $('_TAG_ ul li').each(function(){
 var $p = to_decimal($(this).find('.item_price').text());
 $total = $total + $p;
 $t = $('_TAG_.total').text($total);
But these functions not working correctly i think because the result is returning string like 0.0010.30
Where is the problem?
share|improve this question
toFixed returns a string. – Felix Kling Jul 27 '11 at 13:43
3 Answers 3
up vote 5 down vote accepted
You need to add a + infront of that statement and you're fine:
return +$dec.toFixed(2);
That will convert the string into a number. If the string cannot get converted, it'll return the NaN value.
share|improve this answer
As an equivalent alternative, I often use $dec.toFixed(2) * 1 instead (multiplication by one). I feel like I'm more likely to notice my intent later; the + can be hard to miss. – lwburk Jul 27 '11 at 13:50
Instead of:
return $dec.toFixed(2);
return Math.round($dec*100)/100;
share|improve this answer
The toFixed method returns a string. Any mathematical operation that doesn't affect the output can be used to convert the string to a number (except addition, whose operator unfortunately doubles as the string concatenation operator):
$dec.toFixed(2) - 0
$dec.toFixed(2) / 1
$dec.toFixed(2) * 1
These are the fastest methods. However, if speed is not a concern (and it probably isn't when performing a small number of operations) then the clearest, most-readable method to convert a string to a number is the Number constructor:
Edit: The performance information above may no longer be universally true. The Number constructor is indeed considerably slower than each of the alternatives in IE 7.0 and Firefox 5, but actually performs the best in Chrome 12.0.742.
share|improve this answer
Thank you. I learned something from your post. But jAndy's response is worked fine. – R. Canser Yanbakan Jul 27 '11 at 14:11
Your Answer


text:
JG Afrika was involved in the Lesotho Lowlands Bulk Water Supply Feasibility Study hydraulic modelling. This was undertaken in partnership with Royal HaskoningDHV and GWC Consulting Engineers.
The engineering team identified the need for run-of-river abstraction to source raw water from the Hlotse River, and preliminary investigations were then undertaken to determine a suitable abstraction point.
A physical model was built to assess localised sediment and scour impacts of the abstraction pump station with various orientations within the river bank. This was undertaken by the University of Stellenbosch, which was also appointed by the engineering team to assess the sediment and scour impacts of the pump station at 0, 20, 40 and 60 degree orientations.


text:
Block users to download executables files using a Block Content Filtering Rule
- Go to Solutions mode > Content Filtering > Policy
- Locate the existing rule that you want to edit or create a new rule.
- The Content and Limits column in the Policy Editor wizard is where you add restrictions for File Type.
- In the desired rule, click the pencil icon in the Content and Limits option to edit it and under File Type select Executables.
- Click Save.
- Click Save Rule.
- Click Activate to enable the rule.
NOTE: If the URL to download the file is over HTTPS, you need "SSL Interception" enabled in order for Web Security Services (WSS) to block downloads.


The matrimony of qualitative and quantitative analytics "Product people - Product managers, product designers, UX designers, UX researchers, Business analysts, developers, makers & entrepreneurs June 06 2017 True Mobile Analytics, Product Design, Product Focus, Qualitative Analytics, Mind the Product Mind the Product Ltd 1029 Product Management 4.116
The matrimony of qualitative and quantitative analytics
As mobile app technology evolves, it seems logical that our mobile analytics capabilities should evolve proportionally. Yet for the most part, any evolution in the mobile analytics realm is happening at a much more glacial pace. Now that's not to discount improvements in areas such as data visualisation, product integrations, and real-time capabilities, which have helped product managers gather and dissect their data better than ever before. These advancements are valuable, but do not supersede the underlying disproportion between mobile app technology and our capability to analyse mobile app usage that exists today.
Interestingly, this disparity is due to the data itself – you've all heard the quote "the devil is in the data". But what if I was to tell you that the quantitative data you have been gathering is actually functioning more like a prologue to an important story than the story itself – in this case, your users' story. This quantitative data gives you a powerful introduction into what users are doing in your mobile app, but it doesn't allow you to explore their specific experiences. Mobile product managers need data that provides them with the ability to actually see and understand specific user behaviour instead of having to define it by aggregate, numerical data.
However, a few mobile analytics companies, including Appsee, have recognised this need and brought a new type of analytics to market – qualitative analytics.
And as you probably guessed, once you combine qualitative analytics with your quantitative data, you are able to obtain that epic, complete story on your mobile users. But how exactly?
The shortcomings of quantitative analytics
In order to understand the potency of this union, we first need to understand why relying solely on analytics that provides quantitative data (traditional analytics) simply does not cut it.
Let's just review the definition of quantitative for a moment. Merriam Webster notes the definition as follows:
3: based on quantity; specifically of classical verse: based on temporal quantity or duration of sounds
Numbers, numbers, numbers – that is the core of the definition. So when it comes to quantitative analytics, basically all of the data and information it collects can be measured with numbers.
This is no bad thing, in fact it's extremely important. Quantitative data can help you gather insights on overall user actions and usage trends, such as the length of the average user session or how many users completed a certain conversion funnel. But these numbers don't answer the pivotal question of "why?". Quantitative analytics can only answer your number based inquiries. Numbers have an extremely important story to tell, but how do you figure out and communicate that story?
Enter qualitative analytics.
What is qualitative analytics and why is it needed?
While quantitative analytics focuses on aspects of your app that can be measured by numbers, qualitative analytics zones in on the one essential element of your mobile app that cannot be delineated by numbers. That element is the user experience; your user's unique story within your app.
At the moment, how do you know whether your users are frustrated with a certain unresponsive button or confused by a particular feature? To put it simply, no number on a dashboard can effectively describe those specific in-app experiences. In order to fully understand and assess your users' stories, you need data that enables you to see what your users are experiencing and how they behave. This is the essence of qualitative analytics.
With features such as user session recordings and touch heatmaps, qualitative analytics allows you to actually step into the shoes of your real users (not beta testers) and examine how they truly interact with your app. This is the best way to analyse a KPI as subjective and nuanced as user experience.
Yet the value of qualitative analytics is not limited to inspecting user experience. It also serves as an extremely powerful compliment to your quantitative data.
How quantitative and qualitative make the perfect couple
Quantitative analytics allows you to identify on a numerical basis important trends, issues, and actions within your mobile app. Then, qualitative analytics (such as unique user session recordings) augments this data by supplying the crucial "whys" behind those numbers.
Let's look at some compelling use cases of this power couple in action.
In-app crashes
Your quantitative analytics tells you that your daily app crash rate has increased by 50%. This is very important, but now you need to understand why this is happening. To obtain valuable visual context behind your crashes, you turn to your qualitative analytics and watch session recordings of crashed sessions from that specific day. This allows you to accurately reproduce a crash and discern the sequence of user actions that led to a crash.
Conversion funnels
You have an ecommerce app with a conversion funnel in place for purchase completion. Your quantitative data tells you that over a seven-day period, 74.4% of your users that visited the "My Cart" screen, dropped out of the funnel and did not trigger the event "Purchase Complete". These stats alert you to the fact that your users might be encountering a potential issue or multiple issues within the "My Cart" screen. What are the issues exactly? By drilling down to specific session recordings of users that dropped out of the funnel, you can see exactly what might have caused friction within their experience.
In a nutshell, this combination of quantitative data and qualitative information allows you to streamline the process of turning data into information, and information into insights – actionable insights. No more scenarios of drowning in copious amounts of quantitative data and guesswork.
To top it off, by using qualitative analytics to distill quantitative data, you can save valuable time and resources – which product managers often are low on. At the end of the day, this quantitative and qualitative union should empower you to separate the "wheat from the chaff" within your data and make key decisions regarding your product with more confidence. We can't wait to hear what insights you obtain.


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Coffee-Powered Car Sets New Speed Record
coffee carCoffee-powered car owner Martin Bacon has just beaten the 65 mph record for cars of that class. The car achieved the feat with an audience including a Guinness World Records adjudicator and Bacon's wife at Greater Manchester's Woodford Airfield.
The 42-year-old achieved a speed of 65.536 mph to claim the record in a car that makes use of pellets of coffee chaff (waste from coffee production) which when heated in a gasifier break down into hydrogen and carbon monoxide which are in turn combusted to power the engine.
Bacon expressed his delight at their breaking the record for that range of cars, stating that it has taken years to make that "Coffee Car" although cars powered by gasification have been in wide usage before, such as in the period of World War Two. He also added that worldwide, there were more than 900,000 vehicles being driven by gasifiers with the inception of the 20th century.
The Co-Operative chose the car to mark 10 years of converting all their coffee to Fairtrade. Steve Murrells, Chief Executive of the organisation highlighted the importance of "the Bean Machine" breaking that record as including the publicizing of Fairtrade and how purchasing Fairtrade products can impact on families, producers and whole communities in developing nations.
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text:
Now, EBU sector allows its customers to send a written telegraph to another customer or government agency or VIPs, whether internally or internationally, and in both Arabic and English language.
- Express telegraph will be delivered within 6 hours..
- Normal telegraph inside the kingdom will be delivered within 24 hours.
- Normal telegraph to Arab countries or other countries will be sent within 48 hours.
- Humanitarian telegraph is considered as an express one.
- Express messages Local and national: SR1 per word and it's delivered within 6 hours (During an official working hours).
- Normal messages Local and national: SR 0.50 per word and it's delivered within 24 hours.
- Normal messages to Arab country: SR 0.60 per word and it's sent within 48 hours.
- Normal messages to other countries: it's sent within 48 hours each country have a different fee.
- Humanitarian cause telegraph is considered an express telegraph, and it is a free service.
- Through MyBusiness portal (only by the admin user).
- Call 969 from mobile phone or landline.
- Send email to _EMAIL_
- Send a fax to _PHONE_.
Sending telegrams is not possible through prepaid numbers or of other operator's numbers.


>cluster_group_SO2
View(cluster_group_SO2)
as.data.frame(cluster_group_SO2)->cluster_group_SO2
cluster_group_SO2 %>%
filter(Cluster==1)->cluster_group1_SO2
cluster_group_SO2 %>%
filter(Cluster==2)->cluster_group2_SO2
cluster_group_SO2 %>%
filter(Cluster==3)->cluster_group3_SO2
View(cluster_group1_SO2)
View(cluster_group2_SO2)
View(cluster_group3_SO2)
Let us plot the clusters of NO2, O3, and SO2 using the plot function.
plot(AQI_cluster[c("NO2.AQI","O3.AQI","SO2.AQI")],
col=AQI_cluster$NO2.AQI)
This plot shows nine different clusters (three each for NO2, SO2, and O3).
Now, let us have a look at the clustering plots based on some data and allocate the centers.
#Clustering plots
X <-data.frame(c1=c(0,1,2,4,5,4,6,7),c2=c(0,1,2,3,3,4,5,5))
km <- kmeans(X, center=2)
plot(X,col=km$cluster)
points(km$center,col=1:2,pch=8,cex=1)
Finally, we will create the clustering plots using just three centers for NO2, O3, and SO2.
X <- data.frame(AQI_cluster)
km <- kmeans(X, center=3)
plot(X,col=km$cluster)
The above plot shows the values of the Air Quality Index for NO2, O3, and SO2. Here, the bottom right plot shows the visualization for SO2 and NO2. In this, most of the points lie between 0 and 60, which is considered as acceptable air quality. Similarly, most of the values of the Air Quality Index for SO2 and O3 and NO2 and O3 lie between 0 and 50. This is again considered an acceptable air quality.
In this blog on Data Science with R programming, we worked on understanding the data through visualizations. Then, we implemented the linear regression algorithm for the dataset. Finally, we implemented the k-means clustering algorithm to build clusters of the data for the comparative analysis of the Air Quality Index for NO2, SO2, and O3. This is all about this use case of Data Science with R.
Go through this Data Science Interview Questions And Answers to excel in your Data Science Interview.
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Veritas NetBackup™ Upgrade Guide
- About changes in NetBackup 8.1.2
- Planning for an upgrade
- Master server upgrade
- Media server upgrade
- MSDP upgrade for NetBackup
- NetBackup Deployment Management with VxUpdate
- Appendix A. Reference
- About the NetBackup web user interface
About MSDP rolling data conversion
NetBackup 8.0 introduced the AES encryption algorithm to replace the existing Blowfish algorithm. NetBackup 8.1 introduces the SHA-2 fingerprint algorithm to replace the existing MD5-like algorithm. The upgrades to both the encryption and the fingerprint algorithms are designed to enhance data security.
The environments that are upgraded to NetBackup 8.1 may include Blowfish encrypted data and the MD5-like fingerprints that need to be converted to the new format. To handle the conversion and secure the data, a new internal task converts the current data container to the AES encryption and the SHA-2 fingerprint algorithm. This new task is referred to as the rolling data conversion.
Rolling data conversion traverses all existing data containers. If the data is encrypted with the Blowfish algorithm, the data is re-encrypted with the AES algorithm. Then a new SHA-2 fingerprint is generated. After the conversion, the data container has a new file with a
.map extension, in addition to the
.bin files. The
.map file contains the mapping between the SHA-2 and the MD5-like fingerprints. The
.bhd file includes the SHA-2 fingerprints.
In a new installation of NetBackup 8.1, the rolling data conversion is marked as Finished and doesn't start in the future. For an upgrade to NetBackup 8.1, the rolling data conversion is enabled by default and works in the background after the MSDP conversion completes. Only the data that existed before upgrade is converted. All new data uses the new SHA-2 fingerprint and does not need conversion.
You can manage and monitor the rolling data conversion using the crcontrol command. More information about its use is available.
See the NetBackup Deduplication Guide and the NetBackup Commands Reference Guide.


dynamics can estimate the stiffness.
Computer SimulationEdit
Computer simulation uses molecular dynamics calculations. The tip link consists of two different cadherin molecules. The molecular structure of the general cadherin class is known. The molecular structure is input into the computer, which then calculates how the protein would move using the known forces between atoms. This allows the behavior of the protein to be characterized and stiffness can be calculated. It has been found that the tip links are relatively stiff, so it is thought that there has to be something else in the hair cells that is stretchy which allows the stereocilia to move back and forth.[12]
Animal StudiesEdit
Animals are often used in research trying to discover the protein. Deaf animals are probably deaf because they have some kind of mutation in this particular protein, so a great deal of research has focused on trying to find animals that are deaf and figure out where the mutation is. For example, there are strains of mice that are deaf. Defects in their hair cells affect not only their hearing but their balance, so they tend to run in circles. These mice have been recognized for several decades as potential for identifying the mutation that caused this deafness and balance problems. Some are mutations in the two cadherins that make up the tip link, and others have been identified but none of them yet are the ion channel.[12]
Channel BlockingEdit
FMI-43 is a dye which can be used to block mechanosensitive ion channels and therefore is a useful technique for studying mechanosensitive ion channels. For example, the blocking of certain subtypes results in a decrease in pain sensitivity, which suggest characteristics of that subtype with regard to mechanosensation.[13]
Future StudiesEdit
When the function and mechanisms of hair cells are more fully understood, there are two applications that it could have. These involve both basic research in other fields and clinical applications in the field of hair cells. The mechanism of the hair cell might contribute to the understanding other mechanosensory systems such as the sense of touch. In the field of touch, the ion channel is that is activated is also currently unknown, and it is likely that there are several different ion channels. Eventually, it is hoped that this research can help individuals with hearing impairments. For example, if somebody subjects their ears to extremely loud sounds, then they may experience hearing loss. This is probably a result of the tip links being broken. Normally the tip links grow back in about half a day, but for some people they are more fragile, making those individuals more susceptible to hearing loss. If the cause of this susceptibility could be determined, and if tip link are repair could be understood, then a drug could be developed that would help the tip links grow back more readily. Generally, many people lose hearing in their old age, especially high frequency hearing. This is caused by hair cell death, so it is hoped that that techniques can be developed, such as by using stem cells or other genetic manipulations, to encourage the inner ear to regenerate its hair cells and restore hearing.
Cellular antennaeEdit
Within the biological and medical disciplines, recent discoveries have noted that primary cilia in many types of cells within eukaryotes serve as cellular antennae. These cilia play important roles in mechanosensation. The current scientific understanding of primary cilia organelles views them as "sensory cellular antennae that coordinate a large number of cellular signaling pathways, sometimes coupling the signaling to ciliary motility or alternatively to cell division and differentiation."[14]
Neuropathic PainEdit
Main article: Neuropathic pain
Hyperalgesia and allodynia are examples of neuropathic pain. It is thought that the activation of specialized neuronal nociceptors are responsible for hyperalgesia. Studies suggest that hyperalgesia and allodynia are set off and sustained by certain groups of mechanosensitive sensory neurons. There is a general consensus among the scientific community that neuropeptides and NMDA receptors are crucial to the initiation of sensitization states such as hyperalgesia and allodynia.
Hyperalgesia Edit
Main article: Hyperalgesia
Hyperalgesia is extreme sensitivity to pain. Hyperalgesia to mechanical stimuli extends to a large area around the initial location of the stimulus, while hyperalgesia to thermal stimuli remains in the same location as the initial stimulus. Hyperalgesia which remains in the initial area is known as primary hyperalgesia, and hyperalgesia which extends to a large area is secondary hyperalgesia. Primary hyperalgesia probably relies on a central mechanism. It is argued that MIAs, or C-MiHi primary afferents, are crucial to the initiation of primary hyperalgesia because they have a significant response to capsaicin, which is a chemical commonly used to induce hyperalgesia. Secondary hyperalgesia is believed to be caused by a magnified spinal response to nociceptor stimulation. It is argued that heat sensitive Aδ nociceptors are responsible for secondary hyperalgesia.[1]
AllodyniaEdit
Main article: Allodynia
Allodynia is pain resulting from an otherwise nonpainful stimulus. It is believed that restructured synaptic connections in the spinal cord are responsible for allodynia. Pain associated with allodynia can be attributed to myelinated A-fibers as a result of a change in their central functional connectivity. Mechanoreceptors with high sensitivity to movement, namely Aβ fibers, are believed to be responsible. It is not yet known whether just one particular movement sensitive mechanoreceptor or all of them contribute to allodynic pain. There is a general consensus that continuous C-fiber activity at the location of the initial stimulus is responsible for maintaining allodynia.[1]
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
 1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 GarciaAnoveros J, Corey DP. 1997. The molecules of mechanosensation. Annual Review of Neuroscience 20:567-94
 2. Ingber DE. 2003. Mechanosensation through integrins: Cells act locally but think globally. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100:1472-4
 3. Belmonte C, Viana F. 2008. Molecular and cellular limits to somatosensory specificity. Molecular Pain 4
 4. Lin SY, Corey DP. 2005. TRP channels in mechanosensation. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 15:350-7
 5. Kindt KS, Viswanath V, Macpherson L, Quast K, Hu HZ, et al. 2007. Caenorhabditis elegans TRPA-1 functions in mechanosensation. Nature Neuroscience 10:568-77
 6. Kung C. 2005. A possible unifying principle for mechanosensation. Nature 436:647-54
 7. Anishkin A, Kung C. 2005. Microbial mechanosensation. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 15:397-405
 8. Blount P. 2003. Molecular mechanisms of mechanosensation: Big lessons from small cells. Neuron 37:731-4
 9. 9.0 9.1 Lewin GR, Moshourab R. 2004. Mechanosensation and pain. Journal of Neurobiology 61:30-44
 10. Resnick A, Hopfer U. 2008a. Force-response considerations in ciliary mechanosensation. (vol 93, pg 1380, 2007). Biophysical Journal 94:714
 11. Ashmore J. 1998. Mechanosensation: Swimming round in circles. Current Biology 8:R425-R7
 12. 12.0 12.1 Corey, D. Harvard University. Phone Interview. 19 November 2008.
 13. Drew LJ, Wood JN. 2007. FMI-43 is a permanent blocker of mechanosensitive ion channels in sensory neurons and inhibits behavioural responses to mechanical stimuli. Molecular Pain 3
 14. Satir,P. & Christensen,S.T. (2008) Structure and function of mammalian cilia. in Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Vol 129:6.
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Is It Legal To Kill A Hawk In Georgia?
Why are hawks afraid of owls?
Owls: Hawks stay away from owls.
Hawks are diurnal birds, they can be up during the day or night but generally stick to daytime activities, while owls do better at night.
Some owls grow to larger intimidating sizes than hawks.
Eagles are larger, more skilled hunters and more feared than hawks..
Will a hawk keep coming back for chickens?
So to answer your question, yes…they will come back if they know there's a chance of bagging another hen.
Legal Status Raccoons are protected furbearers in most states, with seasons established for running, hunting, or trapping.
Will Hawks attack humans?
The hawk is a bird which generally does not attack humans. Rather they search for the animals and birds. But sometimes even humans become a part of their hunt. … Thus we can say that yes, hawk attacks humans but in rare cases.
How big of a dog can a hawk pick up?
Do black chickens keep hawks away?
4. Add a Black Chicken to the Flock. Incorporating a black chicken into the flock will keep hawks away.
Can you feed a hawk raw chicken?
Chicken necks,backs and wings are also excellent hawk feeds. I have even fed hawks raw beef kidney for a week or so at a time. Hamburger is not satisfactory because of the high fat content and because hawks have difficulty eating ground meat. Pork is not recommended because of the danger of trichinosis.
Can I have a pet raccoon in Georgia?
Under Georgia law, wild animals and certain exotics are illegal to keep as pets in the Peach State. … If you do end up with an illegal pet, contact a rescue that operates in the state. You will have to give up your animal, but you might not face charges, which can include substantial fines and even incarceration.
Can I bury my dog in my backyard in Georgia?
Although it's legal in the state of Georgia to lay your pet to rest in your own backyard, some municipalities have separate ordinances. Backyard pet burial is not authorized in the city of Atlanta, for example, but there are no ordinances against it in Alpharetta, Decatur, Roswell, or Peachtree City.
Can you kill a hawk if it is killing your chickens?
Firstly, it's important to know that hawks have been protected in the United States under the Federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act since 1918. … Can you shoot a hawk if it is attacking chickens? You can shoot or kill a hawk only if you have a special permit from Wildlife Services.
What animals are illegal to kill in Georgia?
What can I do if a hawk is killing my chickens?
How to Deter Hawks from ChickensAdd a Rooster to Your Flock. Chickens are ill-equipped to fend off a hawk, but roosters are built to protect the flock. … Get a Guard Dog. … Coop Them Up. … Provide Some Cover. … Cover Up Feeders. … Use Common Decoys. … Make Some Noise. … Hang Some Flashy Tape.
How do you scare away a hawk?
Plant small trees and shrubs near bird feeders to provide a handy hiding place for small birds. Eliminate convenient perching sites such as tall, lone trees or dead snags within 100 yards of your property. Cap utility poles with metal cones or spikes. Scare hawks away with frightening devices.
Can I shoot a hawk attacking my dog?
What pets are illegal in Georgia?
Examples of Prohibited AnimalsDelawareWild life generally, except by permit; non-native poisonous snakesDistrict of ColumbiaPrivate possession generally bannedFloridaChimpanzees, tigers, lions, crocodiles, jaguars, leopards, venomous reptiles prohibitedGeorgiaKangaroo, monkey, fox, wolf, crocodile, alligator, cobra47 more rows•Dec 5, 2018
Can you own a coyote in Georgia?
Georgia Law prohibits the taking of wildlife without proper permits or licenses. … NOTE: Permits would be required to legally possess live coyotes, armadillos, groundhogs, and beaver. Protected species of turtles, mussels, and other exempted species may not be collected without proper permits.
Can you own a hawk in Georgia?
According to O.C.G.A. ~ 27-2-17, it is unlawful for any person to trap, take, transport, or possess raptors for falconry purposes unless the person first procures, in addition to a valid hunting license, a valid falconry permit as provided in O.C.G.A. ~ 27-2-23.


FSDU Dictionary
FSDU Glossary of Terms
FSDU glossary of terms
The world of free-standing display units is full of unique words and acronyms. Most of these mean very little to the new or occasional visitor!
See below for definitions of the most common (and most confusing!) terms:
What does FSDU stand for?
Foamex and Cardboard FSDU POS Display Unit
FSDU stands for Free Standing Display Unit or Floor Standing Display Unit. The terms' usage is fairly equal; however, FREE standing display units is a slightly more common interpretation than FLOOR standing display units. Typically FSDU refers to customised cardboard display units. Occasionally, however, this term is used to refer to display stands made of other materials. Other materials used include Foamex stands, and general point of sale stand displays, as long as they are free-standing displays.
What does CDU stand for?Premium CDU with spot UV
When talking about retail displays, CDU stands for Countertop Display Unit. The acronym CDU normally refers to cardboard countertop display units. Occasionally, however, the term is also used for other tabletop or counter display units such as Perspex display units. Beware of other interpretations outside the world of cardboard display stands – _URL_ lists no less than 38 definitions for CDU, the most common being the Christian Democrats Union party in Germany! But to us, a CDU is always a countertop display unit.
What is a Pallet Wrap Display Stand?Pallet Wrap Display Stand
This is a very misleading term to someone not familiar with the point of sale industry. It is nothing to do with the plastic shrink-wrap sold by the packaging industry! Instead, it refers to a cardboard or Correx FSDU display that fits onto a standard pallet. This gives a highly mobile point-of-sale solution that is sometimes sent to the retailer fully-stocked and ready-to-go. Also, these are a great option if you need a mobile display and your budget doesn't allow display stands with wheels.
What is an Off-Fixture Display Unit?Off Fixture Display Unit
An off-fixture display is simply an FSDU or point of sale stand that stands alone apart from the permanent display fixtures in the retail outlet, e.g. isle end stands, fill-in stands, or stand-alone foyer displays and lobby displays. These are a great way to get access for your goods into major retailers, as competition for existing shelf space is high, but major retailers like Tesco, Asda, Boots, and Debenhams welcome any extra selling space you can offer them! Of course your brand enjoys more exposure as well.
What is a Dump Bin?Cardboard Catalogue Dump Bin
The rather unglamorous term 'Dumpbin' is widely used to refer to an FSDU display stand that holds brochures or catalogues or products. It is certainly nothing to do with a conventional bin! Catalogue dump-bins are typically a high-capacity unit displaying a stack of promotional literature. Catalogue dump-bins are not the same as literature display units, where smaller quantities of brochures are displayed in a more upright position. Catalogue dump bins are commonly used at exhibitions and trade counters.
Product dumpbins are typically a large fully-printed display box containing the product for sale. Product dump bins are commonly found in large retailers.
What are POP Displays and POS (Point of Sales) Display Stands?
POS Cardboard Cubes Display
Point of Sales Display Stands and Point of Purchase Display Stands
These terms tend to refer to FSDU displays that hold products for sale and are usually positioned near the checkout areas.
What is a Mop Tray?
mop tray
A mop-tray is a clear plastic tray that fits underneath an FSDU or floor-standing point of sale item to protect it from rising damp (and the cleaner's mops)! Normally only around 5cm high, occasionally higher mop-trays are recommended, particularly in environments where there are animals, such as vets waiting rooms or pet shops, to protect from other fluids!
Euro Hook ProngWhat is a Euro-hook?
A euro-hook is a standard-sized 2-prong hook that loops around at the end, designed to take products with the standard 'Euro-slot' hole. The term sometimes refers to any kind of display prong that products hang from. These work well on FSDUs. These are also widely used in general display fixtures in retail environments.
What are Shelf Edge Pricing Strips?Shelf Edge Pricing Strip
Typically a clear plastic strip designed to contain SEL (shelf edge labels) displaying pricing and product details. The labels can easily be removed and replaced to allow short term promotions and 'Promotional SEL' (Promotional Shelf Edge Labels). Fixed retail shelves often have these, as well as FSDUs. You can see a video of an FSDU for BASF below:
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ee.Geometry.MultiLineString.evaluate
Asynchronously retrieves the value of this object from the server and passes it to the provided callback function.
UsageReturns
MultiLineString.evaluate(callback)
ArgumentTypeDetails
this: computedobjectComputedObjectThe ComputedObject instance.
callbackFunctionA function of the form function(success, failure), called when the server returns an answer. If the request succeeded, the success argument contains the evaluated result. If the request failed, the failure argument will contains an error message.


text:
By Hannah Brockhaus | 15 June 2020
CATHOLIC NEWS AGENCY — A historic statue of Mary atop a column, torn down by an angry crowd more than 100 years ago, has been restored to its original site in Prague.
The placement of the exact replica of the 17th-century statue in the Czech capital's Old Town Square June 4 was an event 30 years in the making.
The Marian column, as it is called, was erected to "the singing of Marian songs, the ringing of bells on the tower of the Mother of God in front of Týn [Church] and the applause of the people present," Karel Kavička told CNA via email.
Kavička is a founding member of an association of historians, artists, and Catholics who have worked for more than three decades to create the replica and to gain the city's permission to return the Marian column to its historic place.
"From the beginning, we have strived to make the pillar a symbol of reconciliation. Who can be a better symbol of peace than the Virgin Mary?" Kavička said.
He noted Czech Catholics' joy at the statue's restoration, but added that many Protestants and non-believers also supported the project because of the statue's historic and artistic importance in Prague.
The star-crowned Mary and the 52-foot column she sits upon were pulled down by a mob of angry men, led by writer Franta Sauer, on November 3, 1918. […]


Palliative Oncological Patients with Insomnia : Concerns of the Patients and Their Relatives' Perception
Antoni Font Guiteras, José Planas Domingo, Cristina Farriols Danés, Ada Ruiz Ripoll, Rita Berger, Helena Villar Abelló
Producción científica: Contribución a una revistaArtículoInvestigaciónrevisión exhaustiva
4 Citas (Scopus)
Resumen
Insomnia is one of the most frequent symptoms and usually generates significant stress in 60% of patients with advanced cancer. Worries from the patients' and relatives' perspective are crucial to improve the patients' quality of life but have received limited attention. The aims were to identify the concerns of patients with insomnia in the terminal illness stage in a palliative care unit and the relatives' perception, and to compare both. Here, 63 patients and 53 relatives answered a questionnaire about worries in the personal, spiritual, family-related and economic area, as well as a quality-of-life uniscale. The results showed that the relatives' most frequent concern was "Having lived life to the fullest" (100%), and the most intense was "The possible suffering during the process" (9.2/10). The patients' most expressed concern was: "Having unfinished business" (100%), and the most intense was "Suffering during the process" (9.3/10). Quality of life showed an average value of 6.95 out of 10. Relatives only coincided significantly in: "Not knowing what happens after death" (r = 0.600; p = 0.000). These results bring visibility to concerns during the final stage of oncological palliative patients with insomnia from the patients' and relatives' perspective. Knowing both is useful for professionals to foster the well-being for a short, yet very important, period for patients, relatives and the caregiving team.
Idioma originalInglés
PublicaciónInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Volumen18
DOI
EstadoPublicada - 2021
Huella
Profundice en los temas de investigación de 'Palliative Oncological Patients with Insomnia : Concerns of the Patients and Their Relatives' Perception'. En conjunto forman una huella única.
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What Are Loan Proceeds?
After you apply for a loan, you may not receive the entire amount straight away and may receive a little less than the amount you applied for.
Understanding the workings of a loan may help you make better financial decisions.
What Are Loan Proceeds?
Loan proceeds are the amount that a lender dispatches to the borrower after paying off any closing fees, like origination or processing fees. It is the net loan amount available to the borrower as part of the loan. It is the amount that the borrower owes to the lender, plus any interest due on the money.
Some of the common fees and expenditures of a loan that the borrower should keep an eye on include:
 1. Origination Fee: The origination fee is what lenders charge borrowers for processing or originating a loan. It can be anywhere between 0.5% to 5% of the loan amount. The origination fee is negotiable, though it may result in higher interest rates for the borrower.
 2. Underwriting Fee: The underwriting fee is the fees that the lender charges for assessing the creditworthiness of the borrower. This is to make sure that the borrower will be able to pay off the loan that they receive.
 3. Broker Fee: This is the fee that the broker or the agent charges for his services in securing the loan for the borrower. It is a percentage of the amount of the loan.
 4. Taxes: Taxes are mostly payable in cases of loans obtained for a property.
 5. Property and Title Insurance: These are insurances payable by the borrower to ensure that they have the right to the title deed and claims to damages to the property. They protect both the lender and the borrower.
Borrowers should read in detail the terms and conditions of the loan so that they are aware of the actual loan amount that they will be eligible for. Loan proceeds can have certain limitations on how they may be used, which will be outlined in the contract. For instance, the loan proceeds from a student loan may only be used to buy textbooks only and not pay for extra-curricular activities.
What Are Mortgage Loan Proceeds?
A mortgage loan application can take anywhere from a month to two months to get processed. After the pre-processing is complete, the amount that is dispatched to the borrower forms the mortgage loan proceeds that are available for the homeowners' use. It is disbursed from the mortgagor's cash escrow. It is the loan that is then owed by the borrower to the lender and forms the principal balance of the loan.
What Does Deposit Loan Proceeds Mean?
What Are Proceeds In Finance?
Proceeds refer to all the costs that are available after a sale or transaction. It is a form of revenue generated after a successful contract. If a number of units are sold, the total proceeds are the number of units sold multiplied by the price of one unit. Proceeds can be categorized as gross proceeds or net proceeds.
Gross proceeds are the proceeds available to the seller before any deductions. It is the price decided for the transaction. Gross proceeds include the price of production, such as material costs, labor costs, cost of machinery, and also includes the costs involved with selling the product, such as middlemen fees, the cost of making the contract, and possibly even marketing and advertising costs. Gross proceeds are thus the total cost of the product.
Net proceeds are the proceeds that the seller receives after subtracting off all the underlying costs associated with the transaction. For instance, if you sell your house for $500,000 and your real estate agent charges a commission of 5%, the net proceeds available to you will be $475,000. This is the money you will actually receive from selling the house. In some instances, taxes and costs of processing the contract are also subtracted from the gross proceeds to get the net proceeds.
In the case of a loan, proceeds refer to the net amount available to the borrower after the lender has subtracted the overhead costs of the loan from the total loan amount.
Loan Proceeds Meaning Accounting
In accounting, loan proceeds are especially important in bookkeeping. Bookkeeping is the recording of financial transactions as part of business dealings. It helps in showing where a business is doing well and what areas may need improvement. To calculate the loan proceeds, the accounting department will carry out a calculation that goes something like this:
Step 1: Make a note of how much loan is being given and at what rate.
Step 2: Calculate the expenses you incurred to give the loan. For instance, the various underlying costs like underwriting fee and origination fee, etc. These costs are usually a percentage of the loan.
Step 3: Calculate how much of the loan is payable in these costs.
Step 4: Subtract the costs from the loan approved to get the loan proceeds.
An example of loan proceeds in accounting is covered in the following section.
Loan Proceeds Example
Loan proceeds are applicable in a number of different instances.
For instance, you apply for a mortgage loan of $100,000. Your lender may charge a 2% origination fee and 1% in underwriting. The borrower will receive $97,000. He or she will have to pay back the amount in loan proceeds plus the interest rates.
Similarly, a borrower may apply for $20,000 in student loans. After the loan processing is complete, the borrower may receive only a total of $18,000 – the net proceeds available after all the overhead charges are paid off.
Calculating loan proceeds can follow the example below:
Step 1: A personal loan of $50,000 is approved for Person A.
Step 2: The lender has the following costs associated with the loan
 - Origination fee 1%
 - Underwriting fee 1%
 - Broker fee 2%
 - Total fees = 4%
Step 3: Amount of loan payable in costs = 4% of $50,000
 = $2,000.
Step 4: Amount of loan payable in loan proceeds = $50,000 – $2,000
 = $48,000.
Loan proceeds are the net amount of a loan payable to the borrower. They may be made directly available for the borrower or could be sent to a third party to be kept in escrow and to be disbursed at regular intervals. Borrowers should go through the terms and conditions of the loan to get a better understanding of how much loan they will actually receive.
Charles Bains
Charles Bains
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Young Latino Students Don't See Themselves in Books, according to the New York Times. Hispanic students make up nearly a quarter of public school students, but only a small fraction of characters in books for elementary students.
The main characters in the most popular books are white with African-American, Asian or Hispanic characters more likely to appear in supporting roles.
"Kids do have a different kind of connection when they see a character that looks like them or they experience a plot or a theme that relates to something they've experienced in their lives," said Jane Fleming, an assistant professor at the Erikson Institute, a graduate school in early childhood development in Chicago.
She and Sandy Ruvalcaba Carrillo, an elementary school teacher in Chicago who works with students who speak languages other than English at home, reviewed 250 book series aimed at second to fourth graders and found just two that featured a Latino main character.
The Cooperative Children's Book Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Education, which compiles statistics about the race of authors and characters in children's books published each year, found that in 2011, just over 3 percent of the 3,400 books reviewed were written by or about Latinos, a proportion that has not changed much in a decade.
Common Core State Standards' list of suggested books for early elementary students contains black characters and authors, but few Latinos. More will be added, said Susan Pimentel, one of the lead writers. "We are determined to make this right."
"Research on a direct link between cultural relevance in books and reading achievement at young ages is so far scant," reports the Times. I think that means there is no evidence. But that doesn't stop academics from worrying that kids will feel alienated "if all they read is Judy Blume or characters in the Magic Treehouse series who are white and go on adventures." (What about white kids who don't have a magic treehouse that provides adventures?)
At Bayard Taylor Elementary in Philadelphia, a school where three-quarters of the students are Latino, Kimberly Blake, a third-grade bilingual teacher, said she struggles to find books about Latino children that are "about normal, everyday people." The few that are available tend to focus on stereotypes of migrant workers or on special holidays. "Our students look the way they look every single day of the year," Ms. Blake said, "not just on Cinco de Mayo or Puerto Rican Day."
On a recent morning, Ms. Blake read from "Amelia's Road" by Linda Jacobs Altman, about a daughter of migrant workers. Of all the children sitting cross-legged on the rug, only Mario said that his mother had worked on farms.
However, a book that colors every fourth child brown may be accused of tokenism.
As a reading tutor, I see a lot of books for young children that feature animals — especially cats, bats and rats. They sit on mats and try on hats. Humans are named Nan, Fran, Pam, Sam, Tam, Tim and Sim. It's not a rich cultural milieu for children of any background. I can tell you what little girls of all colors and creeds long to read: the Pinkalicious series. Sadly, my kids can only handle "tan" and "red."
"A good book is a good book is a good book," writes author Nikki Grimes in Color Me Perplexed. "The single most important question we should ask when considering a book for our classroom or library shelves is, is the book any good?"
When I was researching Our School (which makes a lovely holiday gift), I saw students from Mexican immigrant families fall in love with Harry Potter books. The kids weren't British or pale skinned. They weren't wizards either. They liked the story.


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Do Lilies Only Bloom For One Day?
When it comes to flower gardening, lilies are one of the most popular and beloved blooms around the world. But do lilies only bloom for one day? In this article, we'll discuss the answer to this common question and explore the many different ways you can enjoy lilies in your garden—no matter how long they stay in bloom!
Types of Lilies
There are many different types of lilies, with varying shapes, sizes and colors, so it's important to know which type you have before you start planting or caring for them! Some of the most popular varieties include:
- Asiatic lilies, which are known for their bright colors and trumpet-shaped blooms,
- Oriental lilies, which are tall and fragrant with large blooms,
- Tiger lilies, which have spotted petals, and
- Daylily flowers, which last just one day but produce multiple blooms throughout their life cycle!
Each type of lily has its own unique characteristics that can affect how long it will stay in bloom.
Characteristics of Lilies
Lilies are known for their strong stems and vibrant petals that come in a variety of colors ranging from whites and yellows to pinks and purples! They also have a distinct scent that can range from sweet to musky depending on the variety—making them a great addition to any flower garden! The size of each bloom also varies depending on the type, some can be as small as 1 inch while others can reach up to 8 inches in diameter!What Factors Affect Lily Blooms?
There are several factors that affect how long your lily blooms will last—including environmental conditions such as light, temperature and soil moisture levels, pests or diseases that can reduce their lifespan, and proper pruning techniques that help encourage healthy growth. Additionally, some types of lily flowers may only last one day while others may stay in bloom for several weeks or even months!
How Long Do Lilies Generally Bloom For?
The exact amount of time your lily flowers will stay in bloom depends on many factors—from their variety to the climate where you live—but generally speaking, most types will last anywhere from five days up to several weeks or even months! This is why it's important to research your particular type before planting so you know exactly what kind of lifespan you can expect from your blooms!
How Long Can a Single Lily Bloom Last?
The lifespan of a single lily flower is typically between one day and two weeks depending on its variety, environmental conditions, and other factors such as pests or diseases that could cause it to wilt prematurely. Daylily flowers are an exception here though since they typically only last one day before wilting away—so if you're looking for a long-lasting bloom, these may not be your best bet!
Tips for Maximizing the Lifespan of Your Lilies
There are several tips you can follow to maximize the lifespan of your lily flowers: provide adequate sunlight (at least 8 hours per day), water them regularly (about once a week), keep them out of direct wind, mulch around them if possible, prune off any dead or wilted blooms, fertilize with a balanced fertilizer twice per year (in spring and summer), and keep an eye out for any signs of disease or pests that could reduce their lifespan!
Following these tips will help ensure your lily blooms look beautiful all season long!
Different Ways to Enjoy Your Lilies After They Have Bloomed
Even after your lily flowers have wilted away there are still plenty of ways you can enjoy them in your garden! Here are just a few ideas:
- Plant new bulbs each year so that you always have fresh blooms coming up,
- Allow some plants to form seed pods which can later be harvested for propagation or cooking purposes.
- Make cut-flower arrangements with freshly picked stems, or
- Dry out leaves or petals from spent blooms so they can be preserved as decorations around your home!
No matter how long they last in bloom, there's always something special about having fresh lily flowers in your garden—so enjoy them while they last!
In conclusion, while some varieties may only last one day like Daylily flowers do, most types of lillies typically stay in bloom anywhere from five days up to several weeks depending on environmental conditions and other factors such as pests or diseases that could reduce their lifespan.
With proper care though—such as providing adequate sunlight and water—you can maximize the amount time they stay in bloom as well as find plenty other ways to enjoy them after they wilt away!
Is it better to plant my lillies in spring or fall?
It really depends on what type you're planting but generally speaking it's best to plant bulbs either late summer through early fall (for spring flowering varieties) or early through midspring (for summer flowering varieties). This ensures they get enough time before winter weather sets in so they'll be ready come springtime when temperatures rise again!


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3. Gentoo/Alt Technotes Guide
3.a. General Structure
Handling Users
There are differences between users in a Gentoo/Linux system and the ones in other Gentoo/Alt systems. These differences are usually a side problem that does not invalidate most of the work. Still, it's better to pay attention.
The first thing to check is to never use the root group. The group with id 0, called root on Linux is instead wheel on BSD and Darwin, (and probably other classical unices); while wheel group on Linux has GID 10. When you need to set the default permissions on a file (or a series of files), you should then use the command chown root:0 file instead, so that it takes the right permissions.
Important: This is the only one case where you should refer to a group or an user with its numeric ID instead of the name.
For every other case you should always use the name of groups and users, avoiding specifying them by ID as they can have different IDs on different systems.
Also, it's important to note that every ebuild that makes references to specific users and groups, should add them with enewgroup and enewuser, if it does not depend on the ebuild that adds them. So for example, cronbase adds cron user and group, as they can not be present on the users' systems.
It's not rare to create users that cannot login on a system. To do so, on Linux, the shell of those users is set to /bin/false. Unfortunately, this does not work on BSD-derived systems like Gentoo/*BSD and Gentoo/Darwin, as they use a more sofisticated approach, and /bin/false does not exists. enewuser function provide a simple way to create a disabled user: just use -1 as the shell for the newly created user, this way the function will take care of selecting the right shell for the disabled user, making use of /sbin/nologin where that is present (*BSD, Darwin and Linux using app-admin/nologin) or falling back to /bin/false when nothing else can be used.
Note: As of now eneweruser function fails when using /bin/false or any other direct "disabled" shell as shell for the user, forcing the ebuild developers to use -1 as it should be.
If you need to find out the home directory for a given user, you can't rely on the format of /etc/passwd or on the output of egetent, as they are different on FreeBSD and OSX. To avoid this, the egethome function (provided by portability eclass, but available inheriting eutils), returns the right field making sure that is the home directory for the user:
Code Listing 1.1: egethome usage
inherit eutils
homedir=$(egethome charlie)
3.b. Applications
Bash and shells
Bash is the default shell of Gentoo Linux, and it's on top of this that ebuilds are written. Because of this, Gentoo/Alt projects provides bash in their base system, as /bin/bash.
Ebuilds and scripts can use bashisms without problems as bash is provided, but in case of scripts, it's important that the first line reads as #!/bin/bash instead of just #!/bin/sh, to make sure that they are being executed with bash. The same goes for calling scripts from inside ebuilds, sh somescript is deprecated in favor of bash somescript so that bash is called for sure.
While bash should take care of managing [.. ] tests, it's anyway suggested to use [[.. ]] to run tests also when quoting the arguments correctly. This way, the tests are guarranteed to be expanded by bash internally and do not get executed by /bin/[ instead.
GNU tools and non-GNU userlands
Gentoo/Alt projects, a part from Gentoo GNU/kFreeBSD, aims to have a complete system that uses native versions of all the system's tools, of libc, and so on. However, there are some part of Gentoo's base system that does not work with BSD-like tools (not because they are broken, just because they are strictly POSIX). To work around this problem, we install a series of GNU tools g-prefixed. In a Gentoo/Alt system profile, you can always find these tools: GNU sed (as gsed), GNU make (as gmake), GNU awk (as gawk), GNU patch (as gpatch) GNU diff (as gdiff) and usually GNU cmp (as cmp, for compatibility with a couple other scripts). If you need GNU-style find command, you can also install findutils package that provides gfind and gxargs.
To allow users who prefers the GNU-style tools be comfortable, there is an ebuild sys-apps/userland-gnu that depends on coreutils and other GNU packages, that are always g-prefixed, and then links them inside /usr/libexec/gnu without the g-prefix. After adding them to $PATH, it's possible to use GNU tools in command line.
It's always preferred to use just the POSIX options, to be able to run the same script identical on Gentoo/Linux and Gentoo/Alt. In case you cannot rewrite the code not to use the GNU extensions, just add a dependency over the right package that provides the tool, and then do a simple test:
 1. Check for the g-prefixed tool
 2. Check that it works as expected for a GNU tool (usually this means that it accepts version option and reports GNU, FSF or the name of the package there)
And then select the right one you need.
Important: Inside an ebuild there are a few aliases that are used to make sure that they doen't break apart, so calling make, sed, patch and awk will call the GNU version of the tools.
Warning: The GNU tools' aliases works only if the tools are called by themselves, they won't work inside scripts called by the ebuild, and they won't work if called by find.. -exec or by xargs. In those cases, it's usually better to check for the right tool to call. An important exception is the usage of the sed command to call GNU sed: being widely used and difficult to check or fix, Portage 2.1_pre9 and later provides a wrapper script that calls GNU sed in any case, when used from ebuilds, if the $ESED variable is not set, in which case the called sed will be the one there indicated. This allows the usage of BSD sed when building BSD packages for instance.
To help with porting, there are a few constructs that are usually used out of habit that need to be fixed:
 1. cp -a: this is a GNUism, as the -a option is not present on POSIX cp. Its replacement is told to be -dpPR, but -d is not posix itself, so -pPR is what you should replace -a.
 2. cp --parents: this other GNUism is used to copy a series of files from a tree maintaining their prefix. There's no equivalent option in BSD userland, so this should be avoided. If you need this, instead use the treecopy function in portability eclass, that works exactly as a cp --parents -pPR call.
 3. seq doesn't exist on BSD userland, but there's a quick replacement: jot. Unfortunately its syntax is too variable, and poses a problem to manage. To avoid this, portability eclass has a seq function replacement that calls jot with the right parameters when called on a BSD userland. Still, make sure you're not trying to use some extra options to seq
Note: The -d option does not make a difference in almost all the cases, as it counts only when you have symlinks directly on the command line argument.
Using pmake
There are a few packages that require the use of pmake (parallel make, by NetBSD, the package we use is from Debian) to build on GNU userland, as the makefiles are incompatible with GNU make. As the name of this flavor of make varies depending on the userland you're in (it's pmake on GNU userland, bsdmake in Darwin userland and simply make in BSD userland. To avoid this trouble, you can use get_bmake function from portability eclass.
Code Listing 2.1: using get_bmake
src_compile() {
 $(get_bmake) || die "make failed"
If the package builds using ports-like interface, as done by FreeBSD system packages, bsdmk eclass (currently on Gentoo/Alt overlay) provides a simple way to handle the knobs: just add to ${mymakeopts} the list of knobs to pass during the pkg_setup() function, and then call mkmake and mkinstall to compile and install the packages as specified.
Note about different make
As the make command changes name depending on the system where it's being used, there is an important thing to keep in mind: recursive makefiles are often used to build subdirectories of a source tree, but sometimes they calls directly a new make command. This breaks when the makefiles are called with other versions.
To avoid this problem all the modern make commands sets an automatic variable $(MAKE) that carries the name of the command used to launch the make chain. Instead of calling a generic make, all the makefiles should then call $(MAKE) to be safe with different naming of the command.
Another fortunately less common problem is when a package decides that $(


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Sm.OIL Mini Oil Water Interface Meter
Small size but big features. Heron's small interface meter is an economical unit that will measure to 60ft(20m) below the top of the well, making it ideal for shallow wells or high water tables. The Sm.Oil interface meter measures the thickness of floating or sinking layers of hydrocarbon products in the groundwater. Many of these instruments are used by refineries, oil spill and remediation companies, land fills and site clean up projects.
Sm.OIL Interface Meter is a well balanced mini unit to obtain the measurement of the thickness of product floating on the surface of the water
The Heron Sm.OIL is certified intrinsically safe for use in explosive environments. Using the grounding cable ensures safety when working in hazardous environments. The Sm.OIL is a precision instrument used to accurately measure the thickness of product layers (LNAPL) as thin as 1mm (1/200ft) floating on the water table and sinking layers (DNAPL) quickly, easily and accurately. The fully pressure proof probe is 5/8" (1.6cm) in diameter and is ideal for wells, piezometers and direct push equipment. The Sm.OIL will signal oil with a solid tone and light. The Sm.OIL will signal water with an intermittent tone and a flashing light.
Obtaining Product Measurements with the Sm.OIL
To obtain the measurement of the thickness of product floating on the surface of the water, lower the probe into the well until the tone and light signal liquid. If there is product present the electronic module will indicate with a solid tone and a solid light. Take your measurement by reading the tape at your datum point. Continue to lower the probe into the well, when the tone and light become intermittent you have encountered water. Pull the probe back up slowly taking your reading at the product/water interface. If no product is present in your well only the intermittent tone and light will signal. DNAPLS can be detected by continuing to lower the probe to the bottom of well noting any solid tone and light signals.
Length in Metric
Length in Feet