Validate an URL in Java
This post covers various methods to validate an url in Java.

1. Using Apache Commons Validator
Apache Commons Validator package contains several standard validation routines. We can use UrlValidator class that provides URL validation by checking the scheme, authority, path, query, and fragment.

Download
Output:
The URL _URL_ is valid

We can also specify the valid schemes to be used in validating in addition to or instead of the default values (HTTP, HTTPS, FTP).

We can also change the parsing rules of the UrlValidator by specifying any of below instructions to the Validator.
 1. ALLOW_2_SLASHES option allow two slashes in the path component of the URL.

 2. ALLOW_ALL_SCHEMES option allows all validly formatted schemes to pass validation instead of supplying a set of valid schemes.

 3. ALLOW_LOCAL_URLS option allow local URLs, such as http://localhost/.

 4. NO_FRAGMENTS option disallows any URL fragments.

2. Using Regular Expression provided by OWASP
We can also use OWASP Validation Regex which are considered to be very safe. Below regular expression can be used to check for a valid url.
^((((https?|ftps?|gopher|telnet|nntp)://)|(mailto:|news:))(%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2}|[-()_.!~*';/?:@&=+$,A-Za-z0-9])+)([).!';/?:,][[:blank:]])?$

ESAPI validation routine can also be used which uses the following regular expression.
Validator.URL=^(ht|f)tp(s?)\\:\\/\\/[0-9a-zA-Z]([-.\\w]*[0-9a-zA-Z])*(:(0-9)*)*(\\/?)([a-zA-Z0-9\\-\\.\\?\\,\\:\\'\\/\\\\\\+=&%\\$#_]*)?$

Download Run Code
Output:
The URL _URL_ is valid

3. Using java.net.URL
We can also java.net.URL class to validate a URL. The idea is to create a URL object from the specified String representation. A MalformedURLException will be thrown if no protocol is specified, or an unknown protocol is found, or spec is null. Then we call toURI() method that throws a URISyntaxException if the URL is not formatted strictly according to to RFC 2396 and cannot be converted to a URI.

Download Run Code
Output:
The URL _URL_ is valid

Also See: Validate an IP address in Java

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Enviroment
In a SYSVr4 environment, what is the command you would use to bring the host to single user mode?
What do the different levels(0-9) refer to in dump/restore?
What is the difference between a SCSI-2 fast wide and a SCSI-2 fast wide differential bus?
What is the difference between RAID Level 3 and RAID Level 5?
Most system level scripts are written in the bourne shell, why?
What is the difference between a "su - <user>" and an "su <user>" command?
I was told to answer these questions by any means neccessary
so any of them that you could answer would help me out alot.
jccpAsked:
Who is Participating?

ahoffmannConnect With a Mentor Commented:
1) init s
2) 0: fullbackup, others incremental (just read man-pages;-)
3) using GND or not for signals
4) type of mirroring
5) most people will say, cause bourne shell is portable; some
 scripts were written at a time when no other shells exist;
 some may be written from people not knowing csh, perl, etc.;
 UNIX has no command.com, and so dos not support batch files (.bat)
6) switch user to real or effective UID
nothing, I'm shure you would have given a similar answer ;-))
0

n0thingCommented:
Is this your computer class homework ??
0

jccpAuthor Commented:
Edited text of question
0

gormenghastCommented:
1. init s
 init S
 or
 shutdown -iS -g0 -y
2. level 0 is a full backup
 levels 1-9 are incremental backups
 (incremental backups backup to most recent backup at lower level)
3. Differential signalling enables you to increase the cable length, by
 generating two electrical signals, where one is the inverse of the other
 instead of a single electrical signal
4. RAID 3 -- disk striping with a single parity disk
 RAID 5 -- disk striping with parity split over multiple discs
5. Sometimes the only shell available will be the bourne shell
 (when in system maintenance after failed boot)
6. su - <user> inherits <user> environment (sources users shell control files etc)
 su <user> does not inherit <user> environment
pretty much as ahoffmans answer!
0

ahoffmannCommented:
gormenghast,
3. and 4. not bad
6. if someone knows about real vs. effective UIDs, (s)he would
 get used to the environment difference too ;-)
0
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text:
Australian Correspondence Schools: - Department of Conservation, Ecology and the Environment presenting the Pet Care Courses which is significant to pet owners, veterinary assistants, or people who work with animals (for e.g. on farms, zoos, pet shops, trainers, etc). In sympathetic Animal behavior, they enlarge their source for perceptive human activities, and as such, the course may also be precious for anyone studying general psychology.
Aims of Australian Correspondence Schools
Department of Conservation, Ecology and the Environment offers Pet Care Courses: -
1. Identify factors affecting animal behavior.
2. Describe the influence of genes on animal behavior.
3. Explain how animals perceive and how they respond to various stimuli.
4. Explain the influence of environment factors, such as circadian rhythms, on biological clocks, reproductive cycles, orientation and other animal behaviors.
5. Explain the social influences on animal aggression, play, sexual behavior, communication and other behaviors.
6. Describe different ways that animals learn (such as conditioning and habituation) and some effects of learning on behavior.
7. Discuss psychological implications of different handling techniques.
8. Identify abnormal animal behavior (eg. psychotic, neurotic behavior) and ways to reduce dependence on humans.
Please use the Contact form on the right for Pet Care Courses information and ordering.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
HP Feeding Concept
Stress free weaning without ZnO and high revenues. Using a combination of high-quality premium protein and special fibres - HP 300 and HP FiberBoost
Have you made any changes to your diets after the ZnO ban or maybe lowered the CP levels in your diets? Then how is the performance of the animals after the CP reduction?
Many nutritionists reduce CP levels to cope with ZnO free diets. Other motives to use lower CP levels in nursery diets are to reduce feed costs and to control nitrogen excretion into the environment. However, reducing the crude protein content of nursery diets may be a costly decision as the risk exists that within the total amino acid (AA) absorption from a low CP diet some AA may fall under the required level for nursery pigs.
However, keeping protein levels brings the risk of too much fermentation in the hindgut and thus post weaning diarrhea (PWD). To avoid this from happening most measures are directed towards fixing the problem of pathogenic growth in the hindgut by means of antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory feed additives.
At Hamlet Protein we believe it is more effective to eliminate the cause of this pathogenic growth; the undigested protein going to the hindgut where it is fermented by various pathogens. Reducing the amount of excess protein reaching the hindgut using highly digestible protein, free of anti-nutritional factors (ANF's) in the form of HP 300 should be the first step.
Improving the gut environment using a specialty fiber that contains both insoluble and soluble fibers as well as prebiotics; HP FiberBoost, is the second to support piglets' resilience and gut health. Our HP FiberBoost is the only standardized fiber feed material that contains the combination of both fiber fractions and a high quantity of prebiotics especially formulated to improve gut health in swine.
Combining the unique properties of HP 300 with HP FiberBoost allows to keep high CP levels in nursery diets without losing performance.
By using HP 300, as many digestible amino acids as possible are supplied to the piglet within the chosen crude protein limit. Having the lowest ANF content ensures minimal loss of amino acids due to reduced digestibility or inflammatory processes. As a result, less excess protein goes to the hindgut whereby less fermentation by pathogens takes place which reduces scouring.
A fibre source combining prebiotic effects and benefits of insoluble fibres backs up gut health and helps the gut to withstand sanitary challenges. The value of the additional amino acids from the increased digestibility of HP 300 can be witnessed from an improved FCR and increased N retention.
HP FiberBoost is the 'insurance'
Functional fibers have multiple beneficial effects on gut health and increase the resilience of the animals to withstand challenges. Soy hulls is a great fiber source but contains ANF's and may contain mycotoxins.
HP FiberBoost is made from soy hulls that are carefully sourced to avoid mycotoxins. It is enzymatically processed to increase the prebiotics and combines benefits from both soluble and insoluble fiber.
Our enzymes hydrolyze specific linkages to make fibers easier accessible for microbiota in the hindgut. Prebiotic carbohydrates and nutrients that were encapsulated within the fiber matrix become available as substrate due to this process.
Lowering the CP level of the diet as a response to the ZnO ban comes at a cost in terms of reduced performance as FCR increases immediately when one of the AA's falls below the minimum requirement. Reducing CP levels from 19 to 17% reduce piglet growth performance significantly, leading to increased FCR. Recent data show that the increase in FCR is clearly marked (1.42 at 17% CP vs 1.34 at 19% CP (see table 1)). Of course, this increases feed costs and reduces the revenue per pig. Reducing CP levels 2% costed 2.70 euros per pig in revenue in this trial.
Adding functional fiber (HP FiberBoost) to high protein diets maintains growth performance and feed conversion rates, but also increases piglet vitality and uniformity (table 1). These benefits improved the margin over feed costs with 1.40 euros per pig for high CP + HP FiberBoost vs high CP without HP FiberBoost.
So, keeping high protein levels in nursery diets without ZnO is very well possible when a highly digestible protein source (HP 300) is used and HP FiberBoost is added to the diet.
Table 1 Performance at day 41 post-weaning of pigs fed diet with low (LPC, 17% CP) or high (HPC, 19% CP) crude protein content without or with 4% HP FiberBoost (LPF or HPF).
Application tips and tricks
Avoid reducing crude protein content of weaning diets below requirements.
- It increases the FCR
- It does not reduce feed costs
- It does not reduce nitrogen excretion per kg meat produced
Use HP Feeding Concept; combining high quality protein with prebiotic fibres
- The highly digestible protein avoids scouring
- The specialty fiber acts as an insurance to improve the resilience of the animals
As a result:
- Increased ADG
- Improved FCR
- Improved uniformity of piglets
- Reduced N excretion
- Improved economy


text:
Many children with disabilities have health issues that can impact their nutritional well-being and eating habits. This makes meeting your child's nutritional needs even more important.
We have created a booklet that address the Dos and Don'ts to help tackle common food-related challenges commonly seen in children with special needs.
Note :Many thanks to Dr. Nina Vaidya for reviewing the booklet and giving us valuable feedback
DISCLAIMER: Please note that this guide is for information purposes only. Please consult a qualified health practitioner for safe management.
Use this toolkit to keep a food diary of your child's nutritional challenges. You can freely download this nutrition booklet that gives an overview of common nutritional needs that children with Down Syndrome often face, and ways to manage it through dietary changes.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Spherical Side Formula
This blog describes an algorithm and a formula to determine the side of one point relative to a segment (two other points), all three points located on a sphere.
The side informarmation is necessary for Boost.Geometry. It is used, among others, in the within algorithm, to check if a point is inside a polygon (point in polygon). With the spherical version of side, it can be checked if a point on a sphere (the earth) is inside a spherical polygon (e.g. a polygon measured in latitude, longitude).
It is also known as orientation (see also here and here)
The Cartesian side is shown below. Point p is on the right side of segment p1-p2:
A visualization of ths spherical side is shown below, also here, point p is right of segment p1-p2.
Note that if the cartesian side formula would be used on lat-long coordinates, this specific point would result on the left side.
Former approachBoost.Geometry's former approach for spherical side used the useful aviation formulae of Williams, listed here. That did work but I was not completely satisfied about it:
- it takes two * (3 cos, 3 sin, 1 atan) for the course, and then another 2 sin, and 1 asin, so in total 17 goniometric functions
- it is non defined at the poles
- I don't understand it fully, it seemed to me that there should be an easier way
New approachThe new approach also uses sin and cos, but less: for each of the points: 2 sin and 2 cos, in total 12 goniometric functions. Less then the former 17. More important, by design of Boost.Geometry, these might be precalculated such that for a spherical polygon it is not necessary to recalculate this again and again.
Besides that, the algorithm is easier to follow.
The algorithmLet us calculate a plane through the two points of the segment, and the center of the sphere. This is the plane also containing the Great Circle. Let us then calculate at which side of the plane the point is located, either left of the plane, or right of the plane, or on the plane itself. The side with respect to the plane is also the side of the point with respect to the segment on the sphere.
To calculate a plane, all three points are transformed from spherical coordinates (longitude, latitude) to cartesian coordinates (x, y, z). Described a.o. here with clear images. We can use the unit sphere, it is not necessary to take the radius of the Earth (or another sphere or sphere-like object) into account. Amsterdam, for example, then lies somewhere here: (0.614161755 0.042946374 0.788010754).
Converting can conveniently be done using Boost.Geometry's transform algorithm (if p1 is stored in cs::spherical_equatorial):
typedef model::point point3d;
point3d c1, c2, c3;
Then we define a plane through the center of the Earth (0,0,0) and the two points. We use the generalized plane equation for that (a x + b y + c z + d = 0), described e.g. here. This is done by taking the cross product of the two vectors (a vector is here: a mathematical vector). These two vectors are normally called v and w. Because we use (0,0,0) the points are the vectors, we don't have to subtract anything to create a vector. So v is equivalent to c1, w is equivalent to c2.
The cross product is the normal vector, called n, normal to the plane, so perpendicular to the great circle of the two points. So we can take the cross product:
vector_type const n = geometry::cross_product(v, w);
We now have our generalized plane equation. To make that explicit, we can use the conventional symbols a, b, c:
coordinate_type const a = get<0>(n);
coordinate_type const b = get<1>(n);
coordinate_type const c = get<2>(n);
For the generalized plane equation, we should calculate d by subsituting one of the points going through the plane. Let us take (0,0,0)! By taking 0,0,0, all terms a x, b y, c z will be zero, so d is zero. Therefore we don't have to calculate d.
double const d = 0;
The generalized plane equation has the property that, if you substitute another point, it is either on the plane (then the result = 0), or at one side of the plane (then the result is positive), or at another side of the plane (then the result is negative). Just like the Cartesian side, described above. And that is exactly what we need:
distance_measure = a * get<0>(c3) + b * get<1>(c3) + c * get<2>(c3) + d;
and we have the result:
= distance_measure > 0? 1 // left
: distance_measure < 0? -1 // right
Spherical Side FormulaWe used convenient vector calculation here, making it a mathematical exercise. Of course we could write them all out and get a lot of goniometric functions back.
One big note here: geographers (as I am) always refer to coordinates on a sphere by defining 0 at the equator. But mathematicians define 0 at the upper pole of a sphere. Watch out, it is different. This blog assumes the geographic convention, so assumes a spherical equatorial coordinate system.
Let's present it as mathematic formulae (thanks to mathcast):
The first formula converts to x,y,z. Be sure to enter all angles in radians. Also, be sure that λ is longitude (and comes first in Boost.Geometry) and δ is latitude (there are many conventions for this but I'm using them from here, and not from here and here and here). Latitude is 0 at the equator, 90 at the North Pole (again: mathematicians use 0 at the North Pole, 90 at the aquator; that is known as the spherical (polar) coordinate system, we now refer to the spherical equatorial coordinate system).
The second formula is the cross product and defines the terms of the generalized plane equation. The third formula calculates the distance measure (dm). Because (2) and (3) do not have repetitive clauses, they could be combined into (4) and then, if wished, again, with the conversion, into (5).
The sixth pseudo-formula then defines the result, it is an interpretation of the distance measure dm.
Ellipsoidal EarthThe Earth is not spherical but approximates an ellipsoid, it is flattened at the poles. But the described spherical side formula works well on Earth. Let me try to prove that (note: I'm a geographer, not a mathematician).
A location defined by (λ, δ) essentially means a vector, either on a sphere, or on an ellipsoid. These vectors always have the same direction, so the same on a sphere as on an ellipsoid. Their lengths differ (on an ellipsoid they are often shorter) but the length of a vector does not influence the plane it encompasses. Therefore the plane formed by two locations and the center of the Earth is exactly the same plane as it is using a perfect sphere.
So: two points (a segment), on a sphere or on an ellipsoid, define the same plane.
The same applies for the third point. It is also a vector, having a direction. That vector, either on a sphere or on an ellipsoid, is located at the same side of the plane.


text:
Why isn't Zotero detecting my existing citations?
If you've previously used one of Zotero's word processor plugins to insert citations into a document and later find that 1) the plugin says "You must insert a citation before performing this operation", 2) the bibliography doesn't contain all citations in the document, and/or 3) references in a numeric citation style start from 1 instead of from an appropriate higher number, the existing citations in the document may no longer be active fields.
To check whether fields in a document are active, click them and looking for a gray highlight (Word/LibreOffice) or "Edit with Zotero" popup (Google Docs). If you then click Add/Edit Citation, the Zotero citation dialog should appear with the citation shown. If the citation dialog is empty, the citation is no longer active. In Word and LibreOffice, you can also try toggling field codes.
Your citations may have become inactive for a few reasons:
- You used the "Unlink Citations" button. This button will disconnect your document from Zotero and convert all citations and bibliographies to plain text.
- You (or someone else) saved the document in an unsupported file type:
- When using Word, you need to save your document as .docx. If you save as .odt, active citations will be lost.
- When using LibreOffice, if you are storing citations as ReferenceMarks (the default), you must save your document as .odt. If storing citations as Bookmarks, you must save your document as .docx.
- You (or someone else) opened and saved your document using an unsupported word processor or without following proper steps to move active citations between supported word processors:
- Google Docs: If you want to open a Word or LibreOffice document in Google Docs, or vice versa, you must follow an extra step to transfer the document. Directly opening a Word or LibreOffice document in Google Docs, or vice versa, will break existing citations.
- Other online word processors: Most online word processors do not support Fields/ReferenceMarks/Bookmarks. Opening an existing document in these tools will break connections with Zotero. Microsoft's Word Online does support Fields and so can be used safely with Word documents containing Zotero fields, though a Zotero plugin is not currently available for Word Online.
- Pages: Apple Pages does not support Fields/ReferenceMarks/Bookmarks. Opening a document in Pages will break connections with Zotero.
- Word: If you open an .odt file (created by LibreOffice) in Word, Zotero references stored as ReferenceMarks (the default) will be broken. To share a document between Word and LibreOffice users, change the "Store Citations as:" option in the Zotero Document Preferences to Bookmarks. (Bookmarks can cause errors if accidentally modified, so they should only be used if compatibility between Word and LibreOffice is necessary. You can also choose to transfer the document instead.)
- LibreOffice: If you open a .docx or .doc file (created by Word) in LibreOffice, Zotero references stored as Fields (the default) will be broken. To share a document between Word and LibreOffice users, change the "Store Citations as:" option in the Zotero Document Preferences to Bookmarks. (Bookmarks can cause errors if accidentally modified, so they should only be used if compatibility between Word and LibreOffice is necessary. You can also choose to transfer the document instead.)
- If you're using Google Docs, see Why isn't Zotero detecting my existing Google Docs citations? for other possible reasons.
If you find that your citations have been flattened, your only options are to restore the document from a backup, re-insert the citations using the plugin, or manually edit the document's citations going forward and generate a final bibliography from a collection in Zotero without using the plugin. If reinserting citations, it may help to adjust Word field settings to always highlight fields in gray rather than only doing so when they are selected.
If your bibliography is flattened but your citations are still active, you can simply insert a new bibliography by clicking Add/Edit Bibliography.


+3 votes
Who are some good authors promoting anarchist ideas in the economic sphere?
by (390 points)
4 Answers
+3 votes
There are quite a few (quasi-)anarchist economic proposals, but most of them (mutualism, communism, Parecon) I find uninteresting because they do not seem to envision a particularly radical departure in practice. For example, many anarchists propose some sort of currency to be used "after the revolution," whereas I question the desirability of exchanging goods and services for tokens in the first place.
Gift economy is the only economic theory that I've found to be particularly interesting. There have been a few individuals to theorize about it so far: _URL_ _URL_ _URL_
by (6.1k points)
Have any anarchist theories of value been proposed?
i agree. Charles Eisenstein has also written a lot of about gift economy, and the idea of removing accounting from life. the rest of the animals on earth seem to live just fine without it.
–2 votes
Economics is a bullshit term. It was created when universities decided to separate academia into different schools of thought. Before that there was political-economy, but no "economics."
"Economics" cannot be separated from every other aspect of life including, politics, philosophy,'society,' culture, and everything.
There can be nothing worthwhile in 'economics' until it takes a more 'inter-disciplinary' approach.
Take the anarchist ideas you know, and apply them to whatever you consider the 'economic sphere.'
by (1.7k points)
Football cannot be separated from physics, but that doesn't make it a "bullshit term".
Would someone have to write knowledgeably about politics and philosophy and society and culture and every other aspect of life, before they could have a position on production and consumption?
+2 votes
Classical anarchist economics is usually expressed in the economic systems of anarcho-communism, collectivist anarchism and mutualist/individualist anarchism. Economics as a field has been criticized by other fields of academy so anyway lets check all of that.
Anarcho-communism: Mainly the system proposed by people like Kropotkin, Malatesta. A good economist with many writings on that particular subject of this current is the spanish and argentinian anarchist Diego Abad de Santillan who was one of the most important economists during the Spanish revolution of 1936. A good economics work from this tendency is "Fields, factories and workshops" by Kropotkin himslef. Even though Kropotkin was clear in stating a difference between marxism and anarchocomunnism one can any way also check the recent work by "anarcho-marxist" plataformist author Wayne Price "Marx's Economics for Anarchists"
Collectivist anarchism: Mainly the economic proposal by Mikhail Bakunin and others like the spanish anarchist Ricardo Mella. The proposal of Bakunin was mainly to base distribution of wealth on the labour theory of value instead of what the anarcho-communists proposed which was distribution based on need. Bakunin also advocated workers cooperatives while Anarcho-communism tends towards communal ownership of enterprises. Clearly the most extensive recent exponent of this position as far as economics is Michael Albert and his PARECON system or Participatory Economics.
Individualist anarchism/Mutualism: One should not equate individualist anarchism with a mutualist position since many "egoist" anarchists of the insurrectionist tendency tend towards anarcho-communism just like someone like Luigi Galleani. Nevertheless mutualism should be dealt together with individualist anarchism due to the fact that what the main mutualist economist, Pierre Joseph Proudhon, proposed was something very similar to what US individualist anarchists such as Josiah Warren, William B. Greene, and Benjamin Tucker proposed. Mainly a non-capitalist market economy composed of self employers-both individuals and worker's cooperatives. all of these 19th century authors have long works focused on the issue of economics to the point of being able to be judged as "economists" or ·"economicistic" authors. The best and most extensive recent economist of this point of view is clearly Kevin Carson and his Center for a Stateless Society. He has written many books on this subject such as "Studies of mutualist political economy" and "organizational Theory" which are very deep works as far as economics go and which have updated the views of Tucker and Proudhon taking into account recent developments both in economic theory and historical events.
Anarchist work on economics outside the academic discipline of economics:
After political, academic and economic developments of the 1960s nad 1970s, there emerged a criticism of the academic discipline of economics from fields such as sociology (economic sociology), antropology (economic antropology), history (economic history) and cultural studies. As such that ended up expressing from anarchist points of view in the most developed, extensive and dedicated form in the work of David Graeber and works like "Debt: the first 4000 years" and his most recent "The Utopia of Rules: On Technology, Stupidity, and the Secret Joys of Bureaucracy" among other works. Graeber is already a big name within the sub-field of "economic antrhopology" and is also read and commented in "economic sociology". Reading him is a good antidote to the economicism that can be present in an author such as Kevin Carson or in the excessive reliance on a "model" present in Michael Albert.
by (3.3k points)
edited by
A free audio book of David Graeber's "Debt: The First 5000 Years" is here: _URL_
Also Unwelcome Guests, the podcast that hosts the file, is f*ing amazing. Their first episode deals with economics, episode 599 is another great look at money, and almost every episode is an eye-opener on some subject or another.
+1 vote
Participatory Economics is a kind of democratic decision making about production, consumption, and work. It values self-management, equity, diversity, and solidarity. It aims to promote those values through council decision making, balanced jobs, and reward (pay) for effort and sacrifice.
The authors of Parecon are profs. Michael Albert and Robin Hahnel.
_URL_ Looking Forward is a good primer.
Edit: removing whiny self-indulgence.
 The main objection to Parecon appears to be that it uses accounts of earned consumption rights, rather than a direct transmission of goods.
by (480 points)
edited by
i'm voting you up because i appreciate a breadth of answers/perspectives.
the problem i have with parecon is that it seems to me that it would rely on/create policies that would be horrible: endless meetings, most notably.
but i don't know that much about it. it seems likely that i would also hate the "earned consumption rights," which do indeed also sound terrible.
I am neither upor downvoting, but, like dot, I appreciate you bringing up Parecon. It is not my bag, but it is a theory that is definitely worth discussing as it relates to this question.
who creates the money in such a system? how does it get created? does the money supply expand like it does now? does it include interest? who requires who to use the money created? where does it get used(geographically)? does it remove the federal reserve, the imf, the banking institutions, etc.?
Full answers to all that would take thousands of words - and they do, in the free book linked above, as well as Parecon: Life After Capitalism and Of The People, By The People: The Case for a Participatory Economy, as well as discussions on zcomm.org.
"Who creates money" can mean several things. If you mean "who mints coins and prints bills", maybe no one. Electronic exchange is probably good enough to supplant physical tender. If you mean "who causes a store of value to be recorded," then the (simplified) answer is "co-equal councils of workers whose balanced job complexes encompass crediting workers for the agreed value of their work." In short, bookkeepers. If you mean "who establishes relative value", the answer is basically "everyone".
Full, satisfying answers are available, but writing them in a comment here is impractical. If the free book above is too much to start with, try this discussion: _URL_
There are many more discussions on zcomm also. Look around, I'm sure you'll find stimulating ideas. :-)
Plenty of meetings happen already, but they are generally reserved for coordinator-class people with comfortable jobs and little real work. The outcome of those meetings, predictably, serves the interests of capitalists first, coordinators second, and everyone else third if at all.
Participation in meetings would be part of your balanced job, and the outcome would serve the interests of workers (almost everyone) and


Skip to contents
For developers only: get the full definition of the target currently running. This target definition is the same kind of object produced by tar_target().
Usage
tar_definition(
 default = targets::tar_target_raw("target_name", quote(identity()))
)
Arguments
default
Environment, value to return if tar_definition() is called on its own outside a targets pipeline. Having a default lets users run things without tar_make(), which helps peel back layers of code and troubleshoot bugs.
Value
If called from a running target, tar_definition() returns the target object of the currently running target. See the "Target objects" section for details.
Details
Most users should not use tar_definition() because accidental modifications could break the pipeline. tar_definition() only exists in order to support third-party interface packages, and even then the returned target definition is not modified..
Target objects
Functions like tar_target() produce target objects, special objects with specialized sets of S3 classes. Target objects represent skippable steps of the analysis pipeline as described at _URL_ Please read the walkthrough at _URL_ to understand the role of target objects in analysis pipelines.
For developers, _URL_ explains target factories (functions like this one which generate targets) and the design specification at _URL_ details the structure and composition of target objects.
Examples
class(tar_definition())
#> [1] "tar_stem" "tar_builder" "tar_target" "environment"
tar_definition()$settings$name
#> [1] "target_name"
if (identical(Sys.getenv("TAR_EXAMPLES"), "true")) { # for CRAN
tar_dir({ # tar_dir() runs code from a temp dir for CRAN.
tar_script(
 tar_target(x, tar_definition()$settings$memory, memory = "transient")
)
tar_make(x)
tar_read(x)
})
}


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Indirect editing is typically used in parametric modeling, or history-based systems. With indirect editing, parameters, dimensions and other intelligence is associated to the 3D model and can be used to define possible transformations and relationships. In a history-based system this intelligence is captured in the history-tree at the time the model is being created. In contrast, with a history-free system the intelligence is captured in the B-Rep model, during or after model creation. In either case (history-based or history-free) this intelligence can be used to specify geometry transformations. The added intelligence describes "what" will change, i.e. the geometry, and "how" it will change, i.e. the transformation.
By modifying and processing this intelligence, the resulting 3D geometry will be different. What geometry is actually changed is completely dependent on how the intelligence is setup and structured. It is "indirect transformation" of 3D geometry.
The benefit of this technology (indirect editing) is that you can capture and/or assign a specific behavior to the model. In a situation where you can predict or anticipate future changes this technology can be very useful. It is also useful if it is important to tightly control relationships between faces, features and parts during edits.
This is the environment that most 3D CAD users are familiar with. It is the standard method of changing 3D geometry in a history-based CAD system. Parameters at the 3D level are managed within the history tree and are structured in a parent/child relationship. Structure, relationships and parameters are always being created and ordered in the tree as the model is being developed. The process of properly organizing and managing this structure is not optional. It is something that every history-based CAD user must learn to be profecient with the tool. With history-based modeling you are either adding structure or modifying structure (indirect editing). When changes are made to the history (sketches, parameters, features, order) the tree/model is regenerated and is solved linearly based on the structure of the tree.
In this case it is important to know what the structure is and how a change will impact any child features. As it is linear there will be a "ripple" effect with this technology and as such it is important to know the structure before getting too aggressive with changes. In many cases the ripple effect is desired and equally in many cases it is not.
History tree in Pro/ENGINEER – ordered and structured
With history-based modeling users are actually editing the process and structure, or "recipe" that was defined at the time the model was created. You do not actually modify 3D geometry, but rather modify the recipe and then let the system rebuild the 3D geometry based on the modified recipe. In this context 3D geometry is always being recreated from the recipe rather than being modified.
As with any indirect editing capabilities, it is certainly possible to drive a change that can invalidate the model. Knowing how to work through these issues is critical to good history-based modeling.
This technology has recently been getting a bit of a facelift with what is called "dynamic" or "Instant" modification. With this capability a user can directly select a face or feature of a history-based model and dynamically modify the intelligence (parameters, dimensions) associated with the selected geometry. The intelligence is still solved linearly, but processing is more real time, or "instant". It looks something like direct editing, but it is still indirect and as with any indirect edit, the results are completely dependant on the structure of the intelligence.
This technology is not new but it is foreign to most CAD users. It provides the ability to indirectly manipulate 3D B-Rep geometry through added intelligence (parameters, dimensions) similar to indirect history-based modeling. However in this case parameters are not captured in a tree structure, but are rather captured, or "tagged" directly to the elements of the B-Rep model, i.e. points, edges or faces. Rather than being solved linearly these relationships are solved synchronously, or "nonlinear". The order in which the parameters are assigned has no influence. With this technology there is no ripple effect based on a parent/child relationship, however one relationship can certainly drive another if desired.
Relations Browser in CoCreate Modeling – no order
With history-free indirect editing 3D geometry is actually being modified rather than being recreated as is the case in history-based modeling. There are several different technologies that can be used to modify B-Rep solid models. When modifications of a B-Rep are driven indirectly, the resulting transformation must not invalidate the B-Rep solid model. As we attempt to drive a particular geometry change through an indirect edit the system needs to be intelligent enough to provide the "expected" result, reliably.
As is the case with indirect history-based editing, changing a parameter will result in some change to the geometry. Knowing how the parameters are structured is important in order to make good use of the intelligence and achieve the desired results. As it is not order dependant (linear) it is relatively easy to manipulate this intelligence.
Today there are not many history-free CAD systems that provide this capability. PTC CoCreate Modeling is one of the few that does provide it. Here is an example of history-free indirect editing in CoCreate Modeling that I posted in a previous article:"Design Intent with History Free Modeling"
There are pros and cons to each; history-free indirect editing and history-based indirect editing. Understanding which one can best support your requirements can be a challenge, but will be worth the analysis.
In the next post we will review Direct Editing.


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Identification of neuropeptide receptors expressed by melanin-concentrating hormone neurons.
The Melanin Concentrating Hormone (MCH) system is widely expressed throughout the central nervous system and regulates a variety of physiological functions. It has been reported that acute central administration of MCH inhibits pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures in rats. In the present study MCH(1) receptor knockout mice (MCH(1)R-KO) were used to investigate the role of MCH signaling in modulating seizure susceptibility. Seizure behaviors were compared between MCH(1)R-KO and wild type (MCH(1)R-WT) mice following administration of the convulsant compounds PTZ or pilocarpine. PTZ injection induced clonic seizures in MCH(1)R-WT mice but failed to induce them in MCH(1)R-KO mice. More than twice as many injections of intermittently administered low dose PTZ were required to induce clonic seizures in MCH(1)R-KO mice than in MCH(1)R-WT mice. Following pilocarpine injection, MCH(1)R-WT mice experienced clonic seizures and most had tonic seizures and entered status epilepticus, while all MCH(1)R-KO mice were completely resistant to these effects. MCH(1)R-KO mice were also observed to be strongly protected from the development of PTZ kindling. Genetic deletion of MCH(1)R conferred resistance to all seizure models tested in this study. The data indicate that the MCH system is involved in the regulation of PTZ and pilocarpine seizure threshold.


Author(s)
Seung-Jae Lee and Tae-Sung Eom

Abstract
This study investigated the seismic vulnerability of piloti-type bearing wall buildings supported by columns and walls on a weak first floor. Linear and nonlinear static analyses were performed to investigate the contributions of the columns and walls to lateral strength and stiffness, depending on torsional irregularity.
The results show that the columns and walls were dominated by flexure and in-plane shear, respectively. Before yielding, the walls resisting in-plane shear mainly contributed to the stiffness and strength of the buildings; as shear cracking and yielding of the walls occurred, the contribution of the columns to the strength increased.
Thus, during the inelastic behavior, the columns significantly contributed to the peak strength and ductility. Based on the results, design and detailing requirements for the columns and walls on a weak first floor were proposed. The validity of the proposed method was verified through nonlinear static and dynamic analyses.

Keywords
nonlinear static analysis; piloti; seismic design; soft story; torsional irregularity; wall; weak story

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Lately, I have been loving a good fishtail braid. They are actually really easy to create and a beautiful way to wear your hair on a day you don't feel like drying it! Here are the steps to create one yourself:
1. Divide your hair into two large sections, parting straight down the middle. For a sharper look, you can use a comb to part your hair evenly.
2. Pull a thin strand of hair from the outside of the left section. Pull it over the top of the left section, and grasp it under the right section. Basically, the strand of hair has gone over the left section and finishes under the right section.
3. Repeat Step 2 on the other side. Pull a skinny strand of hair from the outside of the right section, pull it over the right section, then weave it under the left section.
4. Keep alternating sides, weaving over and under, until you reach the bottom of the braid.
5. Tie off the end with a hair bobble or elastic.


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With insurance carriers tightening their underwriting standards, increasing premiums, and reducing coverage options, the hard market is imposing challenges on real estate owners and developers alike. Great pricing for new construction can no longer be expected, with many carriers lowering their per building limit, leaving no other option but the pricier rates found in the surplus market.
A common issue we're finding with our Northeast clients pertains to the "stick frame over podium" projects that have becoming more popular in recent years. Using a hybrid method of cast concrete or a fireproofed steel base for one or two stories, topped with a light and stick frame often built with engineered wood, these projects tend to be quick to erect.
Despite the appeal of a short project timeline and potential for up-front cost savings, this method of mixed-use construction presents a number of considerations for carriers that can result in much higher insurance rates. Standard and admitted carriers have limitations on how much capacity they can offer per building. When the total insurable value of one building surpasses $15M, the appetite diminishes.
1. INCREASED FIRE RISK
Stick frame construction is more susceptible to fire hazards due to the use of combustible materials, which increase the risk of fire spreading quickly. Specific types of preventative methods like sprinkler systems and firewall implementation factor heavily into a carrier's consideration of fire risk.
2. STRUCTURAL COMPLEXITY
The multiple structural systems created in a stick frame over podium project introduces added complexities, with a primary challenge being the potential for differential settlement. With the stick frame and podium sections having different structural systems, they may settle at different rates which can cause it to become uneven, leading to cracks in the building, compromised structural integrity, and potential damage.
3. SOUND TRANSMISSION AND LIABILITY CONCERNS
Stick frame construction is generally less effective at soundproofing compared to other construction methods. In mixed-use developments, where residential units are located above commercial spaces, the potential for sound transmission between the different areas can lead to noise complaints and potential liability issues.
4. WATER DAMAGE RISKS
The combination of stick frame and podium construction can present challenges in managing moisture and preventing water damage. Proper sealing and waterproofing between the two systems are crucial to avoid issues such as leaks, rot, and mold.
5. GREATER VULNERABILITY TO SEVERE WEATHER
In areas prone to severe weather conditions like hurricanes, this type of construction can be considered riskier with high winds able to cause significant damage to stick frame structures, increasing the likelihood of claims.
Insurance rates and underwriting decisions obviously vary based on specific project details, location, and market conditions, but our real estate team is equipped to help developers navigate challenges like these and make recommendations at the start of a project for insurance considerations post-completion or creatively design coverage for those projects exiting Builder's Risk.
INTERESTED IN LEARNING MORE?
Connect with us here and one of our team members will be in touch!
Vice President, Partner | Business Insurance
Matt is Vice President, Partner at RogersGray Insurance, specializing in real estate and property management. Matt works to help his clients design a risk management strategy that aligns with their own unique situations. He works with emerging and middle-market companies that have sophisticated liability insurance needs. You can connect with him on LinkedIn or by email


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Terje Tvedt's The Nile. The River of History is probably the most comprehensive book about the Nile ever written. Tvedt travels upstream along the longest river in the world, from the river's mouth to its sources. The result is a travelogue through 5000 years and 11 countries, from the Mediterranean to Central Africa. With insight and sensitivity, the writer shows and describes both the river's wealth and poverty, its greatness and beauty, as well as its historical and political significance throughout the ages. The book is lavishly illustrated.
Terje Tvedt wrote and presented the award-winning documentaries The History of Water and The Future of Water, a comprehensive story of how humans' battles with water have shaped the past and will shape our future. They contain detailed accounts from a global journey to almost 40 countries on five continents. The series have been broadcast on major TV channels all over the world. Tvedt also edited a nine volume book series based on the TV series.
"It's risky to hail a newly-published work a classic, but The Nile – the River of History definitely has the potential to be one. It's a magnificent work."


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HESI Questions To Use For Practice
HESI practice questions are an ideal way to prepare for your upcoming HESI entrance exam. The HESI A2 Entrance Exam is used by many nursing schools and colleges as a factor in their admissions. Because of strong accreditation requirements for retention and pass rates, nursing schools are becoming increasingly more selective in the admissions. The best nursing schools will require superior HESI A2 test scores for admission into their programs.
The HESI A2 (Admissions Assessment) Exam has four general content exams, subject specific exams and two personality/learning style assessments. Virtually all schools that use the HESI, will require students to take the content exams in Math, Reading Comprehension, Grammar and Vocabulary. If your school has specific pre-requisites, then they may require you to take one or more of the subject area tests in Biology, Anatomy and Physiology, Chemistry and Physics. Some schools may also require you to take an assessment on learning styles and personality to help them determine your capacity as a student.
Sample HESI questions are a great way to familiarize yourself with the format and style of the test. Practice questions also allow you to see what areas you are strong on, and what areas you need to concentrate on. Some keys for the different exam sections are described below:
Math skills are critical for nurses. Every day, nurses are required to calculate IV drip rates, dosages, nutritional needs, intake and output, radiation limits and other items related to their patients. In order to make these calculations, nurses must be comfortablw with addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, proportions, conversions, ratios and decimals. For HESI related Math Practice, try our Sample HESI Math Questions.
Reading And Vocabulary
Nurses need to be able to communicate in written form to be effective. A patient's health care record is in written form, and includes information such as history, evaluation/assessment, diagnosis, treatment, care and outcome. To ace the reading and vocab sections of the HESI entrance exam, a student needs to be able to: identify a main theme (whether formally stated or implied), identify supporting details, understand the difference between opinion and fact, make logical inferences, and understand the meaning of health care related words in context. To brush up on your reading and vocab skills, try our HESI reading comprehension practice problems or our HESI vocabulary sample questions.
The use of proper grammar is one important mark of a professional nurse. If a nurse does not properly speak and write the English language with proper grammar, patients may assume that they are uneducated. The HESI entrance exam will assess a student's grammar by testing parts of speech, common grammatical errors and important terms and their uses in grammar. To prepare for your grammar test, try our HESI Practice Grammar Questions.
Many students have a lot of anxiety when it comes to preparing for the HESI. If you are anxious about this test, your best bet is to study with the right study guide and to practice with sample questions. Preparation for the HESI can absolutely raise your scores. If you are weak on math, focus on conversions, ratios and proportions. If vocabulary is not your strong point, make or buy flash cards that have nursing/healthcare related terms. If grammar is you weakness, brush up on grammar principles with online primers and study guides. Most importantly, however, is have a good attitude and confidence and you will do fine!

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Semra Seral (Cologne University) focused her study on the many pieces of statuary found in the Hadrianic nymphaeum's basin (see Lower Agora - Nymphaeum, August 17-23). The first piece of sculpture recovered from the building this year was the left hand of a colossal marble statue (at least 5 m). Both modelling and posture identified the hand as belonging to a statue of a male, while its size suggested an imperial figure. A few days later this hypothesis was confirmed by the discovery of a colossal head (height.75 m) of the empress Sabina, the wife of Hadrian (A.D. 117-138). The empress is represented with a veiled head and wears a diadem decorated with floral motives (see find of the week). It became clear with this discovery that the imperial couple formed the main group of the nymphaeum's statuary outfit.
A second group is formed by statues, such as those of Poseidon and a satyr, belonging to the Dionysiac circle or directly connected with the function of the building. Except for the head of Poseidon, these statues could be reassembled almost completely and will be restored next year. The Poseidon statue was identified by its attributes--a dolphin support and a trident in the left hand. The satyr has lost a lot of its animal features, but he holds a lagobolon (a throwing device for hunting) and is wearing the usual goat's skin knotted over his right shoulder. The modelling of both statues suggests they were made during the same time period as Sabina. Another statue, representing Aphrodite (head and arms missing), was an addition to or replacement of the nymphaeum's original statuary as the drilling of her hair and of the fringes of her cloak suggest a later date.
Other fragments suggest the presence of at least eight statues. According to an inscription mentioning one of the Tiberii Claudii (see Lower Agora - Nymphaeum, August 17-23), the statuary group must also have included some of the city's aristocrats. The statues will be displayed after restoration at the Burdur museum, where they will join statuary groups from the Lower Agora's Severan nymphaeum and the Upper Agora's Antonine fountain.


gtk-0.12.3.1: Binding to the Gtk+ graphical user interface library.
Portabilityportable (depends on GHC)
Stabilityprovisional
_EMAIL_
Safe HaskellSafe-Infered
Graphics.UI.Gtk.Abstract.Scale
Contents
Description
Base class for HScale and VScale
Synopsis
Detail
A Scale is a slider control used to select a numeric value. To use it, you'll probably want to investigate the methods on its base class, Range, in addition to the methods for Scale itself. To set the value of a scale, you would normally use rangeSetValue. To detect changes to the value, you would normally use the onRangeValueChanged signal.
The Scale widget is an abstract class, used only for deriving the subclasses HScale and VScale. To create a scale widget, call hScaleNewWithRange or vScaleNewWithRange.
Class Hierarchy
 | GObject
 | +----Object
 | +----Widget
 | +----Range
 | +----Scale
 | +----HScale
 | +----VScale
Types
Methods
scaleSetDigitsSource
Arguments
:: ScaleClass self
=> self
-> Int
digits - the number of decimal places to display, e.g. use 1 to display 1.0, 2 to display 1.00 etc.
-> IO ()
Sets the number of decimal places that are displayed in the value. Also causes the value of the adjustment to be rounded off to this number of digits, so the retrieved value matches the value the user saw.
scaleGetDigitsSource
Arguments
:: ScaleClass self
=> self
-> IO Int
returns the number of decimal places that are displayed.
Gets the number of decimal places that are displayed in the value.
scaleSetDrawValueSource
Arguments
:: ScaleClass self
=> self
-> Bool
drawValue - a boolean.
-> IO ()
Specifies whether the current value is displayed as a string next to the slider.
scaleGetDrawValueSource
Arguments
:: ScaleClass self
=> self
-> IO Bool
returns whether the current value is displayed as a string.
Returns whether the current value is displayed as a string next to the slider.
data PositionType Source
Position a scale's value is drawn relative to the trough
Constructors
PosLeft
PosRight
PosTop
PosBottom
scaleSetValuePosSource
Arguments
:: ScaleClass self
=> self
-> PositionType
pos - the position in which the current value is displayed.
-> IO ()
Sets the position in which the current value is displayed.
scaleGetValuePosSource
Arguments
:: ScaleClass self
=> self
-> IO PositionType
returns the position in which the current value is displayed.
Gets the position in which the current value is displayed.
Attributes
scaleDigits :: ScaleClass self => Attr self IntSource
The number of decimal places that are displayed in the value.
Allowed values: [-1,64]
Default value: 1
scaleDrawValue :: ScaleClass self => Attr self BoolSource
Whether the current value is displayed as a string next to the slider.
Default value: True
scaleValuePos :: ScaleClass self => Attr self PositionTypeSource
The position in which the current value is displayed.
Default value: PosTop


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A Combined finite Element-state Space Modeling Environment for Induction Motors in the ABC Frame of Reference: The Blocked-rotor and Sinusoidally Energized Load Conditions
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)
IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion
The combined finite element-state space (CFE-SS) modeling environment was used to predict the performance of a 1.2 hp, three-phase case-study squirrel cage induction motor under blocked rotor and typical load operating conditions. The nature of this CFE-SS environment allows one to rigorously account for the impact of space harmonics generated by the magnetic circuit, winding, and cage geometric, as well as layout peculiarities and magnetic saturation, on the current and torque profiles, and ohmic losses in the stator armature and cage. This includes the ability to predict the profiles of connector and bar currents. The results of the CFE-SS simulations compare favorably with blocked rotor and load experimental test data. Potential capabilities of this CFE-SS modeling environment, and its use in impacting motor design decisions, are discussed in the light of reported findings.
Baldassari, P. and Demerdash, Nabeel, "A Combined finite Element-state Space Modeling Environment for Induction Motors in the ABC Frame of Reference: The Blocked-rotor and Sinusoidally Energized Load Conditions" (1992). Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications. 478.
IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 7, No. 4 (December 1992): 710-720. DOI.
N.A. Demerdash was affiliated with Clarkson University at the time of publication.


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Lucas Cranach was one of the greatest European painters of the 16th century.
More popular and even more successful economically than his contemporary Albrecht Dürer, Lucas Cranach has probably had the most enduring influence on Germany's visual world.
As the leading member of a German family of artists, Lucas Cranach was a painter, printmaker and book illustrator with a distinctly individual manner and a highly successful business. He was one of the most versatile artists of the Renaissance, court artist to the Saxon electors, a staunch supporter of the Reformation, and a close friend of Martin Luther. During the course of his long career, Cranach created striking portraits and expressive devotional works, propaganda for the Protestant cause, as well as his own brand of erotic female nude and inventive treatments of biblical, mythological and classical subjects.
A court painter, he also rubbed shoulders with great figures such as Martin Luther, while liberating nudity and the power of women in a sensual, anti-academic style. Some 150 paintings, drawings, and rarely seen engravings show the authenticity and originality of his sophisticated artistry, his work in the studio, and his close bonds with his German, Italian, and Dutch contemporaries, including Dürer and Metsys.
Palais des Beaux-Arts Website


Eric L. Klein,
Legal Administrative Assistant:Juanita Jones
Outside the Office
Eric's life outside the law mostly involves building furniture, playing the occasional game of chess, and singing Disney songs with his daughter. Additionally, throughout his career, Eric has worked consistently to maintain side jobs as a teacher in some form. For many years, he was a Professorial Lecturer in Law at The George Washington University Law School, teaching appellate and trial advocacy. He also taught chess to elementary and middle school students at the KIPP AIM Academy and served on the Advisory Board of Chess Challenge in D.C.; a nonprofit focused on academic achievement through chess instruction. Before that, Eric taught and tutored high school students in English and math during college and law school.


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The SEM images of the Ir-NCs derived from various Ir film thicknesses of (a) 4.5, (b) 6.0, (c) 7.5, and (d) 9 nm after a rapid thermal annealing process at for 60 s in atmosphere. (e) The corresponding size distribution of Ir-NCs of (a).
The SEM images of the Ir film under various annealing temperatures of 700, 800, and when the thickness is 12 nm.
The TEM image of the stack. The structure schematic corresponding to the resulted stack is revealed in the inset.
(a) Comparison of XPS survey spectra of the Ir film before and after annealing process for 60 s. (b) The XPS spectra of the Ir-NCs on layer before and after 800 and annealing processes.
(a) CV curves of device stack at different sweeping voltages. (b) Device durability curves of the device stack with and 10 ms stressing condition. (c) The data retention characteristic of the device stack with Ir-NCs obtained by electron charging (, 10 ms) and discharging (−15 V, 10 ms) at RT and .
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In today's digital age, marketing materials play a crucial role in promoting businesses, including restaurants. When it comes to promoting a restaurant, one popular tool is the flyer. However, designing a flyer that effectively communicates your restaurant's message and entices customers requires careful consideration, especially when creating flyers for different formats. This article explores the key aspects of designing for print and digital restaurant flyers, providing valuable insights for restaurant owners and marketers.
Restaurant flyer design is a powerful tool to showcase your culinary delights and attract hungry customers. Learn the art of creating visually appealing and persuasive restaurant flyers in our informative blog on how to create a flyer.
In today's highly competitive restaurant industry, effective marketing is crucial for success. Flyers serve as an excellent promotional tool, whether in print or digital format. Designing a flyer that captures attention and persuades potential customers to visit your restaurant is a delicate art that requires a deep understanding of the medium and its intended audience. In this article, we will explore the nuances of designing for print and digital restaurant flyers and provide valuable tips to ensure your promotional efforts yield the best possible results.
Understanding Print Flyers
The Importance of Print Flyers
Print flyers have been a staple of marketing campaigns for decades. Despite the rise of digital media, print flyers continue to hold their own due to their tangible nature and ability to target local communities effectively. When designing a print flyer, it is essential to consider factors such as paper quality, colors, fonts, and layout to create an eye-catching and memorable piece. Additionally, understanding the print production process and using high-resolution images are crucial for achieving optimal results.
Design Considerations for Print Flyers
When designing a print flyer for your restaurant, several key considerations should be kept in mind. Firstly, ensure that the design reflects your restaurant's brand identity, utilizing consistent colors, fonts, and imagery. Secondly, focus on creating an attractive visual hierarchy that guides the reader's eye and highlights essential information such as the restaurant name, location, and contact details. Lastly, make effective use of whitespace and ensure that the flyer's layout is clean and uncluttered.
Embracing Digital Flyers
The Advantages of Digital Flyers
With the increasing prevalence of digital media, digital flyers have become an essential tool for restaurant marketing. Digital flyers offer unique advantages such as the ability to reach a broader audience through social media platforms, email campaigns, and websites. Moreover, they provide opportunities for interactive elements such as animations, videos, and clickable links, enhancing engagement and allowing potential customers to explore your restaurant's offerings more deeply.
Design Considerations for Digital Flyers
Designing digital flyers requires a different approach compared to print flyers. To maximize their impact, it is crucial to optimize them for various devices and screen sizes. Ensure that the flyer is mobile-friendly, as many users access information through smartphones and tablets. Utilize captivating visuals, concise and compelling copy, and strategic placement of call-to-action buttons to drive conversions. Additionally, pay attention to loading times, as slow-loading flyers can lead to user frustration and abandonment.
Striking the Right Balance
Cohesive Branding Across Formats
Maintaining consistent branding across print and digital formats is vital for establishing a strong brand identity. While the specific design elements may vary slightly between print and digital flyers, it is crucial to retain key elements such as logos, colors, and fonts to create a cohesive and recognizable brand presence. This consistency helps build trust and familiarity with potential customers, increasing the likelihood of them choosing your restaurant.
Tailoring the Message for Each Format
While consistency is essential, it is equally important to tailor the message for each format. Print flyers may allow for more detailed information due to their physical nature, while digital flyers may benefit from concise and impactful messaging that prompts further exploration. Consider the strengths and limitations of each format and adapt your content accordingly, ensuring that your message is effectively conveyed to the target audience. Also, read our blog on understanding the benefits of salesforce for businesses.
Designing effective restaurant flyers requires careful consideration of the medium and audience. Whether opting for print or digital formats, it is essential to understand the unique characteristics and design considerations of each. By leveraging the advantages of both print and digital flyers and striking the right balance between consistency and tailored messaging, restaurant owners and marketers can create compelling promotional materials that captivate their target audience and drive foot traffic to their establishments.
Q1: How should I choose between print and digital flyers for my restaurant?
When deciding between print and digital flyers, consider your target audience, budget, and marketing objectives. Print flyers are great for targeting local communities, while digital flyers offer broader reach and interactive possibilities.
Q2: Can I use the same design for both print and digital flyers?
While it's essential to maintain consistent branding, it's advisable to adapt the design to suit each format's specific requirements and limitations.
Q3: How can I make my digital flyer mobile-friendly?
To ensure your digital flyer is mobile-friendly, use responsive design principles, optimize image sizes, and test it on various devices and screen sizes.
Q4: Are there any design tools that can assist in creating restaurant flyers?
Yes, several design tools such as Canva, Adobe Photoshop, and Adobe Illustrator offer user-friendly interfaces and templates specifically designed for creating restaurant flyers.
Q5: How often should I update my restaurant flyer designs?
It's a good practice to update your restaurant flyer designs periodically to keep them fresh and aligned with your evolving branding and promotional strategies.
In conclusion, designing effective restaurant flyers requires an understanding of the nuances of print and digital formats. By considering the unique design elements and considerations of each format, maintaining consistent branding, and tailoring the message, restaurant owners and marketers can create compelling promotional materials that resonate with their target audience. Embracing both print and digital flyers allows for broader reach and engagement, ultimately driving foot traffic and boosting the success of your restaurant.
Also, read our blog on discover the keys to digital marketing success in 2024.


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The 131-foot tall wind turbine at Other World Computing in Woodstock, Illinois.
A small lSP and hosting company in Illinois may be the first data center operator in the U.S. to power its facility entirely with wind power from an on-site turbine. On Oct. 19, Other World Computing
(OWC) began using a 131-foot tall wind turbine to provide all the electric power for its building in Woodstock, Illinois, which includes the company's headquarters and a data center supporting its web hosting and ISP services.
There are other data center operators that use utility power that is sourced from wind generation. But this is the first example we've seen of a working data center with on-site wind generation that can produce enough power to support its entire facility. That's partly due to the fact that OWC has a small data center, which can be supported by a single wind turbine, limiting the initial investment required to commit fully to wind power. The company has also invested in other energy efficiency measures for its facility, reducing its overall electricity needs.
OWC is one of several examples of data centers seeking to go "all in" on wind energy for their data center. Here's a look at other data center projects focused on wind energy:
- Green House Data in Cheyenne, Wyoming operates a 10,000 square foot data center that is powered entirely through renewable wind energy from its local utility. The company useselectricity provided by Cheyenne, Light, Fuel and Power, which has partnered with Tierra Energy on a 30-megawatt wind generation site in Cheyenne. Green House Data plans to build several wind turbines on site in the next several years, and says it facility is the largest wind-powered public data center in the nation.
- The Microsoft Virtual Earth service operates out of a data center container housed at a Microsoft facility in Boulder, Colo. The container is "100 percent wind powered" through offsets purchased from Boulder-based Renewable Choice Energy. While not powered directly by "wind turbines" Microsoft has tapped into a major advantage of containers: they can easily be placed near renewable energy sources, allowing companies to chase green power to meet carbon reduction goals.
- Texas startup Baryonyx plans to build a data center powered by energy from huge "wind farms" in the Texas panhandle and the Gulf of Mexico. In the first phase of the project, Baryonyx plans to build a 28,000 square foot data center in Stratford, Texas which will be powered by 100 wind turbines built on the adjacent land that will generate up to 150 megawatts of power.
OWC, which also operates an online catalog of iPod, and iPhone products, uses utility power when the wind dies down, and also has generators on site. The company's Vestas V39-500 wind turbine, which arrived in September, can provide 500 kilowatts of power. That's plenty to support the 37,000 square foot facility, which already employs a geothermal cooling
system. OWC estimates that the turbine will generate 1.25 million kilowatt hours of power per year, more than twice the amount OWC needs for its operations.
The tower is 131 feet high with the blades extending the turbine's total height to 194 feet. The blade housing can rotate 360 degrees so it can turn facing into winds up to 150 mph. During extreme winds, the blades automatically go "flat" with the narrowest point into the wind and in essence, shut the turbine down until it senses safe operational wind speeds.
The turbine cost about $1.25 million, and will take between 10 and 14 years to recover the cost, according to OWC.
"I made the decision to 100 percent self fund this project because of the conservational benefits as well as the future cost of energy," said Larry O'Connor, CEO, Other World Computing, in the press release. "With the kilowatt hour rate in the Chicago market up 24.3percent since 1999, it only makes sense to use technology to lower our usage and costs related to traditional power sources."
Article printed from Data Center Knowledge: _URL_
URL to article: _URL_
URLs in this post:
 Image: _URL_
 Other World Computing: _URL_
 Green House Data: _URL_../archives/2007/11/29/wind-powered-data-center-in-wyoming/
 Microsoft Virtual Earth: _URL_../archives/2008/04/18/microsoft-unveils-wind-powered-containers/
 Baryonyx: _URL_../archives/2009/07/20/wind-powered-data-center-planned/
 geothermal cooling: _URL_
 Rich Miller: _URL_
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text:
Serra da Arrábida, western Portugal
by Teresa Farino
A well-preserved enclave of Mediterranean forest in western Portugal, with a rich fauna and a superb limestone flora which includes several endemics.
Arrábida Cliffs near Portinho
© Teresa Farino
The forest-clad, elongated hummock of the Serra da Arrábida is a veritable oasis of natural
vegetation amid the suburban sprawl of the Setúbal peninsula, with an incredibly diverse wildlife
to match. Along the shore of the Sado estuary, its sheer flanks drop sharply into a turquoise
sea, the pale limestone cliffs eaten away at the base to form small sandy coves. Although the
50km-long ridge of the Arrábida attains a maximum of only 501m (Alto do Formosinho), the views
from the top are truly spectacular, giving the impression of much greater altitude.
Flora of the Serra da Arrábida
More than 1,000 species of vascular plants have been recorded from the Arrábida natural park
(10,821ha; also a reserva biogenética). Not long after Christmas, hoop-petticoat daffodils
(subspecies obesus) are out in force, accompanied by the curious friar's cowl, Barbary nut and
Western Peony Paeonia broteri
© Teresa Farino
the sand crocus Romulea bulbocodium, to be joined by palmate anemone, rosy garlic, wild tulip
and the delicate green and purple bells of Fritillaria lusitanica when spring begins in earnest.
March brings a flush of orchids into bloom - champagne, conical, naked man, man and giant, plus
the insect-imitating dull, bumble-bee, yellow, mirror and sawfly ophrys - and come April, wild
and field gladioli and Spanish irises appear, together with pink butterfly, bug and tongue
orchids, while a search among the undergrowth should turn up the less conspicuous violet
limodore and two-leaved gennaria.
A half-hour foray into the dense maquis flanking the N-379-1 which winds along the top of
the ridge will reveal an impressive list of typical Mediterranean shrubs: Phoenician juniper,
holly oak, lentisc, Mediterranean buckthorn, strawberry-tree, Osyris lanceolata, myrtle, shrubby
hare's-ear, Phillyrea angustifolia, P. latifolia, wild jasmine and laurustinus. The glossy
evergreen foliage is coloured by narrow-leaved and grey-leaved cistuses, tree heath, shrubby
scorpion-vetch, fringed rue, Phlomis purpurea and rosemary, with the whole mass inextricably
bound together by the twining stems of wild madder, Lonicera implexa and common smilax.
© Teresa Farino
Shady nooks along this road harbour Narcissus calcicola - the most renowned plant of the
Arrábida - found only in Portugal and neighbouring Badajoz in Spain.
On the seaward side of the ridge, the more humid climate and deeper soils of the valleys
which drop down to the coast support stands of Lusitanian oak (subspecies broteroi), bay, carob,
Montpellier maple and wild olive, with a characteristic spring-flowering ground layer of western
peony, Iberian milk-vetch, alexanders and Spanish bluebell. Three integral reserves have been
declared where the climax Lusitanian oak forest is more or less intact: Mata do Solitário, Mata
do Vidal and Mata Coberta, to which access is forbidden.
The sheer south-facing cliffs - accessible only via the trails down to the fishing villages -
boast their own peculiar flora, including the diminutive Portuguese endemic crucifers Arabis
sadina and Iberis procumbens ssp. microcarpa and more commonplace species such as sad stock,
sweet Alison, the Afro-Iberian endemic stonecrop Sedum mucizonia, fringed rue, mallow-leaved
bindweed and cut-leaved lavender, with shady nooks hosting Mediterranean selaginella and southern


text:
Corps to stop releasing supplemental water
Corps of Engineers to stop releasing water from reservoirs
With historic drought conditions across the state, U.S. Sen. Pat Roberts and Gov. Sam Brownback on Monday said the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has pledged it will stop releasing supplemental navigational support water from three Kansas River reservoirs.
The Corps will discontinue releasing water for Missouri River navigational support from Tuttle Creek, Milford and Perry Lake on Aug. 7, allowing critical water to remain in the state, the governor's office said.
"I am pleased the Corps recognizes our critical need to preserve this water here at home where our farmers, ranchers and municipalities must use this critical resource to battle the drought," Roberts said in a news release.
Last week, the Army Corps of Engineers announced it would release water from the Kansas River reservoirs until at least Aug. 8 and retain the option to reopen the flow from the reservoirs in October. The Army Corps said the decision was to assist with river navigation and comply with the Endangered Species Act to preserve wildlife and their habitat north of Kansas.
Following a letter from Brownback and a series of telephone calls between Roberts and Jody Farhat, chief of the Missouri River Water Management Division of the Army Corps of Engineers, as well as from the governor and Kansas Water Office staff, the Army Corps agreed to discontinue tapping Kansas reservoirs beginning Aug. 7 and lasting through the end of the release season, pledging not to release water in October. Wildlife and navigation needs will continue to be addressed.
Monique Farmer, spokeswoman for the Omaha District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, said the Corps began Friday incrementally increasing the release rate of Gavins Point Dam to help meet the navigational needs on the Missouri River. The increase will be from 34,500 to 37,000 cubic feet per second by Aug. 7, Farmer said.
Sherriene Jones-Sontag, spokeswoman for Brownback's office, said by not releasing the supplemental navigational support water beginning Aug. 7, northeast Kansas communities along the Kansas River, including Manhattan, Topeka and Lawrence, would be able to maintain a sufficient level of water for residents.
"We will be, hopefully, building our reserve should the drought continue indefinitely," she said.
Braxton Copley, director of utilities and transportation for the city of Topeka, noted the Corps only will stop releases from the reservoirs for navigational support.
"The city still has the ability through the Kansas River Water Assurance District if the flow of water in the Kansas River falls below a certain rate to request releases of the storage purchased by KRWAD to maintain adequate supply for our intakes," Copley said.


text:
Essential Elements Tea For Plants
Essential Elements – Tea For Plants, is a mycorrhizae inoculant with the addition of trace elements in an easy to use tea bag. Essential Elements provides a diverse selection of Mycorrhizae spores to inoculate soils with beneficial fungi species with the addition of broad spectrum of micro-nutrients essential to maintain plant and soil health.
1 – Add 1 tea bag into 1 gallon of chlorine-free water
2 – Steep for 5 – 10 minutes or until contents of the tea bag is dissolved
3 – Agitate
4 – Apply tea to plant root zone
غير متوفر في المخزون


Should America stop offering unemployment benefits
Statutory health insurance for the unemployed
Anyone who pays into the statutory unemployment insurance is entitled to unemployment benefit I after a certain period of time. The state supports people without such a claim with unemployment benefit II or basic state security if necessary. We explain what each of these means for statutory health insurance.
 1. Receipt of unemployment benefit I
 2. Receipt of unemployment benefit II
 3. Receipt of basic security in old age and in the event of reduced earning capacity
 4. Private health insurance for the unemployed
Receipt of unemployment benefit I
Anyone who becomes unemployed and is entitled to unemployment benefit (ALG I) is required to be insured by law. The only exception to this rule is the unemployed who are 55 years of age or older.
For all others there is a compulsory insurance in the statutory health insurance (GKV). The Federal Employment Agency pays the contributions to the statutory health insurance. In principle, the unemployed person remains insured with the health insurance fund with which he was already insured before he became unemployed.
Recipients of unemployment benefit I do not have to pay the additional health insurance contribution themselves. The Federal Employment Agency pays the respective additional contribution to the fund.
If the recipient of unemployment benefit I has partners or children who are family insured through their health insurance, nothing changes in this free family insurance.
Insurance during blocked periods
The employment agency can impose a blocking period of up to twelve weeks - for example, if you quit your job yourself. During this time you will not receive any unemployment benefit I. Statutory health insurance initially continues for one month. From the second month onwards, the Federal Agency pays the health insurance contributions.
Receipt of unemployment benefit II
For recipients of unemployment benefit II (Hartz IV), the job center pays the costs of the health insurance, provided that they are legally required to have insurance. The job center also pays the additional contribution.
However, the job center does not pay the specific additional contribution of the fund with which the ALG II recipient is insured. Rather, it pays a flat rate that takes into account the average additional contribution of all health insurance companies.
The job center transfers the fixed lump sum for the insured directly to the health fund.
If the head of the household has a partner or children, the GKV family insurance has only been valid for children up to the age of 14 since 2016. All others from the benefit community become independent members of a health insurance company of their choice. However, the job center also pays the contributions for them.
Anyone who has reached the statutory retirement age and is in need of help or is no longer able to work in the long term due to reduced earning capacity is entitled to basic state security under certain conditions. This benefit is intended to guarantee the welfare recipient an adequate livelihood.
The basic security is a benefit of social assistance. The legal regulations can be found in the Social Security Code (Sections 41 to 46b SGB XII).
Full disability
A full reduction in earning capacity is when one can pursue any gainful activity for less than three hours a day. Your own professional qualifications do not count here.
If the recipient of the basic insurance is subject to insurance, the contributions to statutory health and long-term care insurance are deducted from the creditable income. As a result, the need for the needy increases.
If the person in need pays the contributions to their health insurance themselves, they are taken into account as needs. This is often the case with people who have private health insurance (PKV) or who are voluntarily insured by the state.
In the case of statutory health insurance, the additional contribution from the respective health insurance fund is also taken into account in order to determine the level of basic security.
Contributions from privately insured persons
In the case of people in need with a private health insurance, the contributions are only paid in an appropriate amount. Contributions to a basic tariff or standard tariff are considered appropriate. These PKV social tariffs offer protection that is comparable to statutory health insurance.
Legal entitlement to the basic tariff
Health insurance is compulsory in Germany. Anyone who, as a recipient of basic security, does not have health insurance, but is also unable to take out statutory insurance, has a legal right to a basic PKV tariff. This applies, for example, to those in need who have lost their private insurance due to premium debts.
Better performance with a change of fund
If you are unemployed or receive basic security, you will not save anything by changing your health insurance company. The additional contribution is taken over or taken into account by the social welfare office in the amount of the need.
A change can still be worthwhile if the new health insurance company offers better additional services for the insured - such as an attractive bonus program or reimbursements for special preventive examinations.
Private health insurance for the unemployed
If privately insured people receive ALG I, they must take out statutory insurance for as long as they are younger than 55 years. However, you can be exempted from compulsory insurance if you have had private health insurance throughout the past five years. Such an application should be made within two weeks of the start of unemployment.
The Federal Employment Agency then pays a subsidy for private health insurance. This grant is as high as compulsory membership in statutory health and long-term care insurance would cost.
Alternatively, you can switch to statutory health insurance and at the same time take out private health insurance. This secures the current conditions of your contract. If you want to go back to private health insurance later, you can re-enter your tariff - without having to go through a new health check and lose your accumulated aging reserves.
No change from 55 years
Anyone who is 55 years of age or older is no longer required to take out insurance even if they receive ALG I. In any case, he remains privately insured.
Privately insured persons who receive ALG II (Hartz IV) keep their private health insurance. The ALG-II recipient can switch to the basic tariff with his insurance, the benefits of which correspond approximately to the level of the statutory health insurance. The contribution in the basic tariff is halved for the period of ALG-II receipt and completely covered by the job center.
If you do not want to change your tariff, the job center pays a maximum of half of the contribution in the basic tariff as a subsidy. If the actual private health insurance contribution is higher, the insured person would have to pay the difference himself.


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Bibliographic Metadata
Title
Galoisgruppen von Eisensteinpolynomen über p-adischen Körpern / Christian Greve
AuthorGreve, Christian
Published2010
Description110 S. : graph. Darst.
Institutional NotePaderborn, Univ., Diss., 2010
LanguageGerman
Document TypesDissertation (PhD)
URNurn:nbn:de:hbz:466-20110104015
Files
Galoisgruppen von Eisensteinpolynomen über p-adischen Körpern [0.56 mb]zusammenfassung [22.31 kb]abstract [19.95 kb]
Links
Reference
Classification
English
In this thesis, we develop algorithms for the calculation of Galois groups of Eisenstein polynomials f(x) over a p-adic field. Our main tool is the so-called ramification polygon of f(x). That is the Newton polygon of f(\alpha x + \alpha)/(\alpha^n x), where \alpha denotes a root of f(x) and n the degree of f(x). We present a fast algorithm for polynomials with one-sided ramification polygon and a more expensive method for polynomials with two segments. In the case of an arbitrary Eisenstein polynomial we use the ramification polygon to speed up calculations concerning the splitting field. For example, we provide an algorithm for the determination of the maximal tamely ramified subfield of the splitting field.
Deutsch
In dieser Arbeit werden Algorithmen zur Berechnung von Galoisgruppen von Eisensteinpolynomen f(x) über einem p-adischen Körper entwickelt. Wichtigstes Werkzeug zur Untersuchung der Polynome ist das sogenannte Verzweigungspolygon von f(x). Es ist gleich dem Newton-Polygon von f(\alpha x+\alpha)/(\alpha^n x), wobei \alpha eine Nullstelle und n den Grad von f(x) bezeichnet. Es wird ein schneller Algorithmus für Polynome mit einsegmentigem Verzweigungspolygon und ein aufwändigeres Verfahren für Polynome mit zwei Segmenten vorgestellt. Im Falle eines allgemeinen Eisensteinpolynoms kann das Verzweigungspolygon genutzt werden, um Berechnungen im Zerfällungskörper zu beschleunigen. Es bietet zum Beispiel die Möglichkeit, den maximalen zahm verzweigten Teilkörper des Zerfällungskörpers zu bestimmen.


text:
Habitat Affects Escape Behavior of Birds
It seems birds of the same species raised in diverse settings behave differently in the face of a threat. Birds raised in an urban environment react differently than country-bred birds when faced with a predator.
A study undertaken by Diego Ibanez-Alamo, researcher at the University of Granada (UGR) and Anders Pape Moller from Paris-Sud University, highlights the fact that urbanization plays an influential role in a bird's survival strategies.
They analyzed the escape techniques of 1,132 birds belonging to 15 species in different rural and urban areas.
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The study showed that city birds have changed their behavior to adapt to new threats like cats, which are their main enemies in an urban habitat, instead of their more traditional enemies in the countryside, such as the sparrow hawk.
"When they are captured, city birds are less aggressive, they produce alarm calls more frequently, they remain more paralyzed when attacked by their predator and they lose more feathers than their countryside counterparts," explained by Juan Diego Ibanez-Alamo.
They were surprised to see that urbanization was directly linked with these differences. This finding gives rise to the concept that escape strategies evolve alongside the expansion of cities.
"It is crucial to discover how birds adapt to transformations in their habitat so that we can decrease their effects," said Ibanez-Alamo..
"Predation change caused by city growth is serious," outlined Ibanez-Alamo.
As the scientist indicates, tactics against their hunters are "crucial" so that birds can adapt to their new environment: "Birds should modify their behavior to be able to survive in cities because if not, they will become extinct at the mercy of urban growth."
These results appear in the journal, Animal Behavior.


text:
Source: Dang TD, Tang M, Choo S, et al Increasing the accuracy of peanut allergy diagnosis by using Ara h 2. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;129(4):_PHONE_; doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2012.01.056. See AAP Grand Rounds commentary by Dr. Sai Nimmagadda (subscription required).
Question: Among infants, does Ara h 2 antigen testing accurately diagnose peanut allergy?
Question type: Diagnosis
Study design: Randomized controlled
I just finished a handful of peanuts (roasted, unsalted of course) and count myself among the lucky folks who don't have peanut allergy. For those that might have allergy, diagnosis has long been plagued by lack of an easy, accurate means of diagnosis. The gold standard is an oral food challenge (OFC), but this is a costly and prolonged process that carries a risk of anaphylaxis. This study of 200 children, half with OFC-positive peanut allergy and half without, found that measurement of serum Ara h 2-specific IgE antibody was better than measurement of serum whole peanut-specific IgE antibody (sIgE). When cutoff values were set for equal specificities of 98% for both assays, the Ara h 2 antibody was 60% sensitive (95% CI 50-70%), compared to 26% (18-36%) for the sIgE. That's an improvement, but very far from what is needed to replace OFC. A screening test for a serious illness needs to achieve high sensitivity, to avoid missing any cases, accepting a few more false positive results as a tradeoff.
As noted by Dr. Nimmagadda in his commentary, Ara h 2 is the predominant peanut allergen in Europe, North America, and Southeast Asia, but Ara h 9 predominates in Spain. It's clearly not a simple problem to be solved.
On a final note, this study was performed by the HealthNuts study group in Australia. Normally I'm a bit nonplussed with cute names for study groups, but this one seems to hit an appropriate, nice tone.


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Documentation
Documentation -> Manuals -> Manual devel -> Core Events
Page for other versions: devel 1.9 1.8 old versions: 1.7
Core Events devel
PrevNext
Events are exported by the OpenSIPS core through the Event Interface.
1. Threshold limit exceeded
Event: E_CORE_THRESHOLD
This event is triggered when a particular action takes longer than a specific threshold. It can be raised when a MySQL or DNS query takes too long, or a SIP message processing goes beyond a specific limit. For more information please see this post.
Parameters:
 - source: the source of the event: mysql module, core (for DNS or message processing warnings).
 - time: the number of micro-seconds the limit has been exceeded
 - extra: extra information, depending on the source of the event
2. Private memory threshold exceeded
Event: E_CORE_PKG_THRESHOLD
This event is triggered when the private memory usage goes above a threshold limit, specified by the event_pkg_threshold the core parameter. It warns external applications about low values of free private memory.
Parameters:
 - usage: the percentage of private memory usage. Can have values between event_pkg_threshold and 100.
 - threshold: the event_pkg_threshold specified in the script.
 - used: the amount of private memory used.
 - size: the total amount of private memory.
 - pid: the pid of the process that raises the event.
Note: If the event_pkg_threshold is not specified or 0, then this event is disabled.
3. Shared memory threshold exceeded
Event: E_CORE_SHM_THRESHOLD
This event is triggered when the shared memory usage goes above a threshold limit, specified by the event_shm_threshold the core parameter. It warns external applications about low values of free shared memory.
Parameters:
 - usage: the percentage of private memory usage. Can have values between event_shm_threshold and 100.
 - threshold: the event_shm_threshold specified in the script.
 - used: the amount of private memory used.
 - size: the total amount of private memory.
Note: If the event_shm_threshold is not specified or 0, then this event is disabled.
Page last modified on May 29, 2013, at 10:50 AM


bject Introspection
This will be the preferred way of generating GObject bindings at some point, deprecating the old vala introspection.
 1. Existing libraries will distribute a .gir file.
 2. vapigen using the Vala.GirParser (under /vala) will then construct a Vala tree from the .gir file.
libgee Internal
What is the difference between external and internal libgee?
Other Tools
gen-introspect
vapigen
vala-gen-introspect
Testing
A goal for Vala 1.0 is to have every tests for every documented feature of the language.
In order to run tests with make check you must have dbus-glib development files installed, otherwise you will get invalid test failures.
Documentation
XML sources for the Vala Reference are in the doc/vala directory. You can rebuild the docs by cd'ing into doc/vala and typing make. Currently the conversion to HTML is done using xsltproc and a simple stylesheet.
Docbook XML sources for the Hackers' Guide are in doc/hackers. HTML documentation is built by default. This document can be rebuilt by running make in doc/hackers.
Generated binding documentation - fixme.
libvala documentation - fixme.
_URL_ - The Wiki is open to anyone who would like to make a quality contribution.
Build System
Vala is built using the standard GNU Autotools. The built executables are actually stored in .libs directories and wrapped by scripts. Therefore to debug, follow these instructions fixme.
./configure uses the AC_PATH_PROG macro to choose the valac which is on your path, or one specified in the VALAC environment variable. Therefore, to build Vala with your own valac, type this, for example:
 VALAC=$HOME/dev/vala-x.y.z/compiler/valac ./configure --prefix=$HOME/prefix
Out-of-tree build
An out-of-tree build does not properly work yet. Out-of-tree builds have the advantage that your source tree is not cluttered with built files. Suppose you have vala checked out in ~/dev/vala.
 rodney@solaria:~/dev % git clone git://git.gnome.org/vala
 rodney@solaria:~/dev % ls vala
fixme fixme fixme fixme
aclocal.m4 config.log gobject-introspection README
AUTHORS config.status INSTALL stamp-h1
autogen.sh config.sub install-sh tests
autom4te.cache configure libtool vala
ccode configure.ac ltmain.sh vala-1.0.pc
ChangeLog COPYING MAINTAINERS vala-1.0.pc.in
compile depcomp Makefile vapi
compiler doc Makefile.am vapigen
config.guess gee Makefile.in ylwrap
config.h gen-project missing
config.h.in gobject NEWS
fixme fixme fixme fixme
 rodney@solaria:~/dev % mkdir buildvala
 rodney@solaria:~/dev % cd buildvala
 rodney@solaria:~/dev/buildvala % ../vala/autogen.sh --prefix=$HOME/dev/prefix
 rodney@solaria:~/dev/buildvala % make
All Makefiles, etc, generated by configure will be put in the buildvala directory and you can run make directly from there.
Directory Index
ccode
codegen
compiler
doc
doc/vala
gee
gobject-introspection
tests
vala
vapi
vapi/packages
vapigen
vapigen/vala-gen-introspect
GNU Free Documentation License
The complete text of the GNU Free Documentation License can be found here: _URL_
Projects/Vala/Hacking (last edited 2014-05-04 19:44:57 by AlThomas)


12 Fragment-Based Methods
12.2 Specifying Fragments in the $molecule Section
(May 16, 2021)
To request any of the methods mentioned above one must specify how system is partitioned into fragments. All atoms and all electrons in the systems should be assigned to a fragment. Each fragment must contain an integer number of electrons. In the current implementation, both open and closed-shell fragments are allowed. In order to specify fragments, the fragment descriptors must be inserted into the $molecule section of the Q-Chem input file. A fragment descriptor consists of two lines: the first line must start with two hyphens followed by optional comments, the second line must contain the charge and the multiplicity of the fragment. At least two fragments must be specified. Fragment descriptors in the $molecule section does not affect jobs that are not designed to use fragmentation.
Example 12.1 Fragment descriptors in the $molecule section.
 0 1
-- water molecule - proton donor
 0 1
 H2 O1 0.96
 H3 O1 0.96 H2 105.4
-- water molecule - proton acceptor
 0 1
 O4 O1 ROO H2 105.4 H3 0.0
 X5 O4 2.00 O1 120.0 H2 180.0
 H6 O4 0.96 X5 55.6 O1 90.0
 H7 O4 0.96 X5 55.6 01 -90.0
 ROO = 2.4
Open shell systems must have a number of alpha electrons greater than the number of beta electrons. However, individual fragments in the system can be made to contain excess beta electrons by specifying a negative multiplicity. For instance, a multiplicity of -2 indicates one excess beta electron, as in the second fragment of the following example.
Example 12.2 Open shell fragment descriptors in the $molecule section. The second fragment is made with a negative multiplicity, so that overall the number of alpha and beta electrons match, yielding an approximate singlet state.
 0 1
-- An alpha spin H atom
 0 2
-- A beta spin H atom
 0 -2
 H2 H1 1.50