Field Trips
"The Board of Trustees recognizes that school-sponsored trips are an important component of a student's development and supplement and enrich the classroom learning experience. School-sponsored trips may be conducted in connection with the district's course of study or school-related social, educational, cultural, athletic, school band activities, or other extracurricular or cocurricular activities."
 From BP 6153
However, staff planning or participating in any school-sponsored trips MUST ensure that all legal, policy and liability requirements are met. To that end, the following information is provided:
 1. BP 6153
 2. AR 6153
 3. Flow Chart
 4. Forms and Guidelines - information packet
 5. Parent/Student Forms
 6. Staff Forms
 7. Non District Sponsored Trips - information
 8. Non District Sponsored Trips - Notification Template for Sponsors


And I guess A.P. is short for 'Always Prevaricating'
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on September 08, 2010 at 10:55 AM, updated September 08, 2010 at 9:37 PM
seaside-heights-boardwalk.JPGBennies on the boardwalk
In this otherwise informative piece on names for Jersey Shore tourists, a reporter for the A.P. makes the common mistake of accepting a folk etymology for the term "bennie."
The reporter writes:
It's bad enough when newspaper readers do this sort of thing. A newspaper writer should know better. There are entire websites devoted to debunking false etymologies. And no such etymology is more obviously false than one which assigns words to every letter of a common word, such as "Constable On Patrol" for "cop" or "Port Out, Starboard Home" for "posh."
This sort of thing is called a "backronym," and I wrote about it in July. I guess this reporter doesn't read my blog, but he should read the New York Times Magazine language column, where Ben Zimmer deal with this very subject recently in a piece wittily titled "Beach Blanket Lingo."
 Zimmer wrote that the first theory for the origin of "bennie" appeared in print in 1978:
"Since then a raft of other theories has been proposed to explain the origins of bennies. Some say it's an abbreviation for the "beneficial rays" soaked up by the beachgoers — or for the mutual benefits enjoyed by the visitors and the locals who profit from them. Others relate it to the "Benjamin Franklins" (100-dollar bills) that tourists would spend. Still others claim that it's an acronym for the chief points of departure from the north, often given as Bayonne, Elizabeth, Newark and New York. The story goes that train riders' luggage tags were stamped with BENNY, but the lack of evidence suggests this is as mythical as the canard that posh originally stood for "Port Out, Starboard Home" (supposedly referring to the most desirable cabins on passenger ships between Britain and India).
Zimmer, who also writes for the Language Log blog, goes on to conclude that the origin can probably never be known. That is the case with many slang words, for the simple reason that they are in oral use for so years before anyone writes them down. If the pros confess they can't figure out an origin, why are so many amateurs so absolutely positive they know?
Anyone who writes for a living should be familiar with the process employed by the the Oxford English Dictionary. Tracking down the meaning of a word requires an exhaustive search through great numbers of sources. What seems like an obvious origin is very often false.
By the way, just what does A.P. stand for?


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Therapeutic Listening can impact sensory modulation, attention, behavior, postural organization, auditory defensiveness, speech and language difficulties, and even toilet training. Typically set up as a home program, Therapeutic Listening offers parents the opportunity to significantly enhance their child's sensory program on a daily basis. Therapeutic Listening is a highly individualized, music based tool that activates listening, to help children tune-in to and respond to their world. Music is altered to exaggerate the sounds that naturally capture attention and tap into the parts of the brain involved in regulating bodily functions, relating to others, and organizing behavior.
At Emerge, we have found that therapy outcomes are improved and the length of time in therapy is often reduced when the child is on a consistent Therapeutic Listening program. Therapeutic Listening is started during therapy sessions and then if it seems to be a good match for the child, headphones and music can be loaned for a short trial. After that, parents purchase the headphones and join the Emerge Therapeutic Listening Library so that they can take advantage of a wide array of music.
Therapeutic Listening is typically done twice daily for 20-30 minutes. Typically the music is changed every 2-3 weeks. In addition to the traditional listening program, Emerge now offers the Quick Shift, with music that can be done over a speaker and is used to address specific desired outcomes.
Talk with your child's therapist if you would like more information.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Health fears over computer material
A material used in computer technology could pose health risks to those involved in its manufacture, according to scientists.
Nanoplatelets, made from thin layers of the carbon graphene, are said to be used for their super-conductive properties.
The flexibility of the disc-shaped particles mean they can be readily incorporated into plastic and rubber, and are used to enhance the electronic properties of touch screens.
However, scientists at the University of Edinburgh have found that the particles could be harmful when they enter the lungs.
The nanoplatelets, which are less than one carbon atom thick and invisible to the naked eye, behave like tiny Frisbees and stay airborne.
But researchers said their aerodynamic properties mean that when inhaled, they can find their way deeper into the lungs than other forms of graphene, meaning they could accumulate in the lungs and cause damage.
Professor Ken Donaldson, chair of respiratory toxicology at the University of Edinburgh, said: "We need to further assess the potential hazards posed by nanoplatelets made of graphene and other materials, so that appropriate health and safety measures can be put in place for those involved in their manufacture."
The study, which looked at the aerodynamic and toxic properties of graphene-based nanoplatelets, has been published in the journal ACS Nano.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Your personal trainer
ExactSpent will help you to identify how many words you translate, write, or edit
in a minute. Look through yesterday's results and break your record today.
It's easy to identify how much to charge for a particular job since ExactSpent knows how much time you have spent on any single task.
Open ExactSpent right from TO3000
Open the job you work on in TO3000, click the ExactSpent button to open it right from TO3000, and start to count time.
Import your time results into TO3000 to calculate the total value of the work.


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Tiple (pronounced as :tee-pleh) is the Spanish word for treble or soprano, is often applied to specific instruments, generally to refer to a small chordophone of the guitar family. A tiple player is called a tiplista.
See main article: Colombian tiple. The Colombian tiple is an instrument of the guitar family, similar in appearance although slightly smaller than an acoustic guitar. Tiples usually have 12 strings grouped in four tripled courses, although some tiples have only ten strings. The four courses of metal strings are tuned to the same pitches as the four upper strings of the guitar: DGBE. The outer two strings of each of the three lowest triple courses is tuned an octave higher than the middle string in the course.
This tiple is associated with Colombia, and is considered the national instrument. Tiple virtuoso David Pelham has this to say about the Colombian Tiple: "The tiple is a Colombian adaptation of the Renaissance Spanish vihuela brought to the New World in the 16th century by the Spanish conquistadors. At the end of the 19th century, it evolved to its present shape. Its twelve strings are arranged in four groups of three: the first group consists of three steel strings tuned to E, the second, third and fourth groups have a copper string in the middle of two steel strings. The central ones are tuned one octave lower than the surrounding strings of the group. This arrangement produces the set of harmonics that gives the instrument its unique voice."
See main article: Tiple (Puerto Rico). The tiple is the smallest of the three string instruments of Puerto Rico that make up the orquesta jibara (i.e., the Cuatro, the Tiple and the Bordonua). According to investigations made by Jose Reyes Zamora, the tiple in Puerto Rico dates back to the 18th century. It is believed to have evolved from the Spanish guitarrillo. There was never a standard for the tiple and as a result there are many variations throughout the island of Puerto Rico. Most tiples have four or five strings and most tiple requintos have three strings. Some tiples have as many as 6 strings and as few as a single string, though these types are rare.
The main types of tiple in Puerto Rico are:
The tiple that is now most often played in Puerto Rico is the Tiple Doliente. It has recently acquired a more or less fixed body shape narrowing at the top and having 5 strings (see the accompanying photo). It is usually made like the cuatro, so either constructed like a guitar, or from one piece of wood hollowed out. The bottom half of the body is rounded like a guitar, however the top half is square, or triangular. All other features (like neck and bridge) resemble the construction of a normal Spanish guitar. The peghead has tuning machines either from the side or from the back.
The Tiple doliente is tuned with 5 metal strings: e a d' g' c.
This Tiple from Venezuela, looks like a smaller version of the Colombian Tiple. It has 4 pairs of triple strings and is also known as the Guitarro, Guitarro Segundo, and the Segunda Guitarra. There is another tiple played in Venezuela but is a member of the Venezuelan Cuatro family of instruments, also called a Tiple and known as the Cinco y Medio or Cinco. It is very much like the Cuatro but it has 5 strings instead of four.
On the Spanish Balearic island of Menorca, there is an instrument called a Tiple which has 5 single nylon strings.
There is a Tiple Cubano, which has 5 doubled courses of strings, for 10 in total.
The Tiple de Santo Domingo, also known as Tiple Dominicano or Tiplet, also has 5 doubled courses, for 10 in total. The strings are steel. It is tuned C4, F4, A#4, D5, G5. All of the courses are tuned in unison.
In Peru, there is a Tiple with 4 single or doubled steel strings. It is tuned A3, E4, B4, F#5.
In Uruguay and Argentina, sometimes the Requinto guitar is called a Tiple.
The tiple was redesigned in 1919 by the American guitar company C.F. Martin & Co. for the William J. Smith Co. in New York. This tiple -- generally pronounced "tipple" -- has ten steel strings in four courses, tuned similarly to a D-tuned ukulele: AadDdf#F#f#BB. Many similar instruments were developed by other companies around the same time.
Tiple strings and tuning: A ukulele-style tuning can be used (this is the original) or the tiple can be tuned like a guitar.
Electric Tiples that have been designed usually follow the Colombian or Martin tuning and string arrangement.
See main article: Timple. Migrating from North Africa in the 16th century to the Canary Islands and then on to Murcia, the timple has become the traditional instrument of the Canaries. In Palma and in the north of the island of Tenerife some players omit the fifth string, tuning the timple like a ukulele, though nowadays this is often seen as non-standard by players in other regions where five strings are preferred. The popular timple tuning is GCEAD.
The Marxochime Hawaiian tiple bears no resemblance to the traditional tiples, instead resembling a zither. it is player with a combination of plucking, strumming, and playing with a slide similar to a lap steel guitar. The instrument is one of many zither variants marketed within the United States during the early 20th century, of which only the autoharp ever achieved lasting popularity. The instrument carries the "Hawaiian tiple" name solely for marketing purposes, as interest in Hawaiian music and culture was high in mainland America during the period when the instrument was marketed.
Puerto Rican tiple:
Tiple Dominicano, Tiple Argentino, Banjo Tiple, Tiple Uruguayo, and the Tiple Venezolano:
Marxochime Hawaiian Tiple:


of this, we tried to optimize where we cut the tape so we could splice in power and data without having to solder it directly to the tape itself. We spliced by simply soldering wire together and wrapping the joints in electrical tape.
2. Soldering the Banks
Solder station
Based on our design, we knew each strip would be about 10 5/8″ apart, so we cut and stripped 12″ lengths of three conductor wire to use as jumpers to connect strips of tape in series into banks. Then we soldered the strips together–careful to pay attention to the directionality of the tape–into completed banks.
3. Testing
We found out the hard way that you can almost instantly destroy pixels or even entire strips of tape if you have a power short. A power short really means the positive and negative sides of your DC power are connected somewhere with very low or no resistance. As the resistance approaches zero (a complete short) your current grows towards infinity, or as much as your power supply can push. This surge in power will likely fry an LED or two. You can test for a short but checking resistance (Ω) anywhere on your tape across the positive and negative sides of your power lines.
Tip We discovered that there can be some continuity in the tape across those lines, but we considered anything less than 200 Ω to be a short. We saw as little as 300 Ω of resistance in well-connected tape.
We also double-checked that we had the connections right: data to data, positive to positive, and negative to negative. At some points where you're injecting power, your colors may not line up and things can get a little tricky, so it's worth double-checking.
Finally, we plugged the tape in and powered it up before gluing it to the wall. We would simply wire the input side into the Plink it would be connected to, and ensure we could control the bank from E.L.M. and that everything was working as expected.
Our first test brought a little tear to our eye...
Our first test almost brought us to tears… 😂
4. Gluing the Bank to the Wall
Although the tape does come with a 3M adhesive strip, we found it didn't stick well enough to the painted wall we were attaching it to. We found Gorilla glue gel worked the best.
We used a laser level to mark the vertical line for our strip, laid down some glue, and pressed the strip onto the wall.
5. Connecting Control and Injecting Power
We soldered leads onto the tape before gluing it to the wall since it's much easier to solder on a workbench than once the tape is glued to the wall. We made sure the leads for control and power were plenty long enough, so we simply had to cut, strip and connect them to the Plink or terminal block we set up for that bank.
6. Testing and Mapping
Finally, once the tape was glued on with control and power wired in we did a last test to make sure we had proper control of the bank, including the direction of each strip and full RGB control. We also set the bank to full white to ensure there were no visible voltage drops and if required we injected additional power to maintain a perfect white.
Tip For some reason that I never really dug into, the pixels weren't always addressed completely as expected. Often times most of them would be right in order, but a few pixels would jump to the end of the universe. When you're testing, make sure you address all pixels in the universe if some are missing. You might have to sort of reverse engineer their address to finalize your mapping.
Progress! Part of our completed wall during the install:
Progress! Part of the wall is complete.
You're all set now to start playing media and lighting up those beautiful pixels! I'll talk more about configuration and control in part 3.
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Following entry into force of patent law amendments, the Serbian IPO introduced an Executive Order regulating the patent application filing procedure in more detail.
The Order, which entered into force on November 9, 2019, elaborates on certain amendments to provide for their implementation. The most significant changes brought by the Order are the following:
When filing a patent or petty patent application in electronic form, the attachments submitted along with the application will be considered as original documents due to the use of a qualified electronic signature. Most significantly, this means that it is no longer required to submit an original Power of Attorney in paper form after applying electronically. An original Power of Attorney is still required for applications filed in paper form, therefore the procedure for traditional applications remains unchanged.
The Serbian IPO will keep a Patent Register and a Petty Patent Register in electronic form only. Patent and petty patent registers in paper form no longer exist, while the registers of patent and petty patent applications have been abolished altogether.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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PH10 Trigger Force Gauge (gram gauge)
Probe trigger force is critical to ensure accuracy and reliable operation, this can be easily measured and set using the gram gauge.
It is strongly recommended that the gram gauge is used when adjustments are to be made to probe trigger force.
For further information on the trigger force gauge, please refer to the trigger force gauge guide (Renishaw part number H-_PHONE_).
NOTE: To convert mass in grams to trigger force in Newtons the following equation is used:
Trigger force in Newtons = Mass in grams/100
For example: 8 grams = 0.08 N /100


text:
Abstract The use of wood residues to produce energy and steam in the pulp and paper industry generates ash waste and sewage sludge that contain nutrients for plants as a potential fertilizer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible toxic effects of pelletized waste from the pulp and paper industry using bioindicators. Two controlled experiments were conducted with radish seeds and perennial ryegrass seeds: an experiment to determine the germination index and root growth in soil extracts incubated with pelletized waste, and a pot experiment with ryegrass seeds sown in an amended Alfisol with pelletized wastes in which aerial and root biomass production was determined. The results indicate that the Alfisol amended with pelletized waste did not exhibit any acute or sub-acute toxic effects in radish germination. None of the evaluated pellets showed evidence of deterioration in root elongation, including at a 40 Mg ha-1 dose. The highest root growth was with pellet 2, with ash and sludge at the 40 Mg ha-1 dose, which was higher than that in the control treatment (p<0.05). Seed germination was between 93.9% and 100%. The highest ryegrass aerial biomass occurred with pellets 1 and 2 (p<0.05). Pelletized waste from the paper industry exhibited neither mild nor acute effects of toxicity in both radish seed germination and aerial and root biomass production of ryegrass sown in degraded soil.
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal
Ciencia e investigación agraria v.45 n.2 2018
pulp and paper mill waste
Toxicity of paper mill pelletized waste using germination and biomass production as bioindicators


text:
Spectrum Geometry helps students apply essential math skills to everyday life! The lessons, perfect for students in grades 6-8, strengthen math skills by focusing on points, lines, rays, angles, triangles, polygons, circles, perimeter, area, and more! The variety of activities also help extend problem-solving and analytical abilities. It features easy-to-understand directions, is aligned to national and state standards, and also includes a complete answer key.
Today, more than ever, students need to be equipped with the essential skills they need for school achievement and for success on proficiency tests. The Spectrum series has been designed to prepare students with these skills and to enhance student achievement. Developed by experts in the field of education, each title in the Spectrum workbook series offers grade-appropriate instruction and reinforcement in an effective sequence for learning success. Perfect for use at home or in school, and a favorite of parents, homeschoolers, and teachers worldwide, Spectrum is the learning partner students need for complete achievement.


Coaching Basketball Defense
basketball defense
Learn how to play tough, smart basketball defense.
Coaching basketball is made easy with these helpful tips and popular drills for children that focus on defensive fundamentals.
How would you like to learn how to play the type of defense that intimidates and shuts down your opponent? The good news is… YOU can!
Defense in basketball is 90% desire and 10% ability
There are no excuses...
Even if you're not the quickest or tallest player on the court, you can make up for your physical limitations by working hard and playing smart.
Defense is a funny thing because just by turning up your intensity and aggressiveness you already become a better player.
The working hard part is up to you, but I can help you with the playing smart.
16 Basketball Drills for Children & Advanced Players
Try some fun competitive basketball defense games!
defense wins championships
If you're coaching basketball and want some help to teach defensive fundamentals, you might be interested in the following topics:
20 Keys to Smart, Aggressive Defense
On-the-Ball Defense: Basic Defensive Stance
Defensive Basketball Terms
When I watch elementary kids learning how to play the game, it doesn't take long to notice that their basketball defense needs a lot of help.
But that's to be expected.
Learning any new skill takes time and practice.
Defense in basketball is especially challenging because a lot of it feels pretty awkward at first, and some of the fundamentals go against your natural instincts at times.
Here's what I mean:
 - Good basketball defense requires you stay down in a low stance that can get pretty uncomfortable at times.
defense in basketball
It's a lot more comfortable to play defense standing up, so your legs don't get so tired.
As soon as you straighten your legs, your offensive player will blow by you.
 - Good defense requires keeping your body in a position that allows you to see the ball AND your player at the same time without having to turn your head.
It seems natural and a lot easier to turn your head and follow the ball with your eyes every time it's passed across the court.
As soon as you turn and lose sight of your player, she'll be gone.
 - Good defense in basketball requires you to stay open, so you can see everything happening on the court around you.
It seems natural to turn and face your offensive player, so you don't lose him.
As soon as you turn your back to the ball, you have a chance of getting knocked in the head with it, and you won't know if a teammate needs help.
 - Good basketball defense requires you to have quick hands that are constantly harassing the dribbler by trying to knock the ball away with palms facing up.
When you're guarding the dribbler, you'll be tempted to slap down on the ball to try and steal it.
As soon as you slap down, you'll be called for a foul.
coaching basketball
These are just a few of the seemingly "little things" that are much more important than you might think.They are the small details that separate good defensive players and teams from the rest.
There are way too many of these little defensive points to mention on this site. For additional coaching tips, check out the highly recommended books and collections of basketball drills I've posted on this page.
Whether you're learning how to play basketball or how to coach basketball defense, you'll find the following topics very helpful:
On-the-Ball Defense
Help-Side Defense
Denying the Pass
Guarding the Post
Screen Defense
Transition Defense
Team Defense
Man-to-Man Defense
Zone Defense
To help increase your defensive foot speed, try out some of our basketball agility drills.
Once the shot goes up, you want to make sure and secure the rebound. Check out some helpful rebounding tips and some rebounding drills that will take your game to the next level!
And when you get the steal, you need to be able to dribble the ball down the floor quickly and sink the breakaway lay-up!
Home > Basketball Defense


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Brick apartment that reveals the architectural beauty of the cities built at the end of the 19th century
"The apartment in the historical core of Maribor reveals the architectural beauty of the cities built at the end of the 19th century. Sometimes it turns out that the best an architect can do in favor of living quality is the entire purification of the existing space instead of adding new elements. When the ruined plaster was peeled off in the interior of the bourgeois apartment, the poetic essence of the construction appeared. Less than a century ago, brick was considered to be of a lesser value and was covered with plaster, at that time a more decent choice.
But in modern architecture, the central motif of designing the ambients is to exhibit the sincere cornerstones of space, such as visible concrete and wooden construction. A well-preserved brick, which has been hidden for a century by the finishing layer of the plaster, reveals the atmosphere at least as prominent as the raw concrete. A worn-out apartment at an exceptional location was bought by a Maribor soccer player. This should not be a shelter or a family home, but a place to enjoy, was the starting point of the client. But the architect can never foresee all the actual uses of space – the most interesting are those spontaneous, unforeseen, even secret or hidden. The architects opened the space completely.
They have removed all existing partitions and doors. They kept beautiful wooden frames in the sole preserved construction wall. The floor was covered with an old oak parquet. Thus the ambiance has become a space for the game for the endless possibilities of scenarios."
Thank you for reading this article!


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But while it might seem like several half-liter bottles of water will be enough, don't forget that when SHTF, every person in your group will need at least a gallon of water daily.
Always double-check if your food rations and water supply are equal so you won't be at risk of starving to death or dying of thirst.
Aside from brushing up on various survival skills like hunting and food preservation, you also need to know the ins and outs of a good water storage system. One good way to do this is by storing water for long-term use in 55-gallon barrels.
Below are some tips for storing water in 55-gallon drums:
- Where to purchase the 55-gallon drums – You can purchase sturdy 55-gallon drums from online stores. However, don't risk buying used ones, unless you personally know or trust the seller. Remember, you'll be storing water in these drums, and it's better to get new ones to ensure their cleanliness.
- What you'll need for this project – Before you start this project, gather the following materials: Black permanent marker, black plastic sheets (at least 3.5 mils thick), bleach, bung wrench, reinforced duct tape (e.g., Gorilla tape), scissors, siphon hose, soap, and a teaspoon.
- How to clean and disinfect the drums – Start by washing the inside of each drum with dish-washing soap and water. Put enough soap in some water to get the inside of the drums soapy, but make sure you don't put in too much that it becomes a hassle to rinse. Roll the drum around so every inch of the container is coated in soapy water, and flip the drum so the top gets cleaned as well. Rinse each drum properly. Once you empty out each drum, fill them all again with water, roll them around, then rinse them to remove all the soap. Sanitize the drums using a mixture of a teaspoon of unscented chlorine bleach in a quart of water. Roll the drum around again to sanitize every inch of the container. Wait 30 seconds, then pour the solution out of the drum. Air-dry each drum before filling them up, or you can rinse them again with treated city water.
- How to properly fill the drums – Make sure you use a drinking-safe water hose when filling the drums with water. While tap water treated by the city doesn't need extra treatment, capture water, well water, or other water from an untreated source must be treated. When storing untreated water, or water that hasn't been chlorinated by a local city water provider, use water treatment drops as instructed. You can also substitute two tablespoons of fragrant-free liquid chlorine bleach to each 55-gallon drum of water. If you don't have liquid bleach, add four to six percent sodium hypochlorite (pool shock) to the water. (Related: Do you have a safe source of water for a SHTF situation? Top 5 water purification mistakes.)
- How to store the 55-gallon drums – Don't store the drums right on top of concrete, which can heat up and release chemicals that can be absorbed by the drums. Prevent this by putting the drums on top of some 2×4s to keep them off the concrete. Get the drums in position before you fill them up because they'll be incredibly hard to move once they're full. Screw the bung nuts into the fill holes, but make sure they tighten smoothly without crossing the threads. With the bung nut wrench, tighten the bung nuts to seal the water and protect it from outside contaminants. Using the black marker, include some notes down the side of the water drums such as when the water was stored, if they contain additives, and if the water is potable or not. Consider putting some rope between the 2×4s to prevent the barrels from tipping over. You can also cover the barrels with a black plastic liner to prevent direct sunlight from hitting the drums. Covering them with black plastic liner is also crucial for operations security (OPSEC). If the drums are hidden, it will discourage anyone from targeting your water supply when SHTF. Secure the sheets with some sturdy thumbtacks for furniture. Use reinforced duct tape to put backing in areas on the plastic sheet where thumbtacks were driven through so the plastic sheet doesn't tear. Hang the sheets around the area where the drums are stored, then circle back to secure the plastic sheet at the bottom.
- How to siphon water from the drums – To siphon water, place your bucket or water container near the drum so the siphon hose slopes downward. Insert the siphon end with the copper valve into the barrel and the bare, plastic end into your bucket. Keep the siphon end fully submerged in the water then shake the hose in a vertical, up-and-down motion. Wait a few seconds and when the water flows on its own, you can stop shaking the siphon.
Remember that aside from gear and food rations, water is also crucial to your survival when SHTF. Start storing water for long-term use today so you don't have to worry about having enough water once you find yourself in a disaster scenario.
You can read more articles about safe water storage for when SHTF at Preparedness.news.


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Utilities such as PG&E had been telling customers that smart meters would transmit only about 45 seconds each day. Under pressure from citizens and finally a court order from a California Public Utilities Commission Judge, answers compelled from PG&E show that smart meters transmit an average of 9,981 times per day. That's just the average; one meter's transmissions amounted to over 190,000.
Adding up all these millisecond bursts of pulsed, digital signals amounts, apparently, to about 45 seconds. But the fact is, these signals are almost continuous.
Says the San Francisco Chronicle report: "…the sheer volume of transmissions will likely anger people who consider the radiation from cell phones, Wi-Fi computers and Smart Meters to be a health hazard. PG&E has often countered their criticism by noting that the digital meters don't transmit continuously.The company, which has installed 8.7 million of the meters, maintains that their signals pose no threat. And of course the entire notion that wireless signals can be dangerous remains fiercely contested."
The EMF Safety Network adds: "How about peak power figures? The PG&E electric meter transmits at 900MHz with 1 watt of transmit power. It has an antennae gain 4.0 dBi for a peak level power of 2.5 watts. That's two and a half times more than their safety data stated."
The EMF Safety Network post concludes that PG&E's own numbers now confirm Sage Associates' estimates of smart meter emissions. Sage Associates' analysis was apparently so credible that the Electric Power Research Institute was compelled to try and refute it. GWP has posted that rebuttal on its Smart Meter Radio Frequency FAQ page. They have not posted Sage's response to the EPRI paper.
Cindy Sage, principal of Sage Associates, is a presenter at the November 10 Smart Meter Community Forum to be held here in Glendale. Sunroom Desk will have more on her research in an upcoming post.


text:
Project: Traveler is a high altitude balloon research project of Custom Digital Services, LLC. Based in Hutchinson, KS, Project: Traveler has been flying and chasing balloons all over the midwest since 2001.
From the beginning, education has driving factor behind the Project: Traveler group, working with elementary schools and hosting the Great Plains Super Launch and symposium in 2004, 2006, 2010, and 2014. With our extensive set of hardware, software, and tracking equipment, coupled with over ten years of experience, Custom Digital Services and Project: Traveler can help bring space into your classroom.
The 2020a flight will be tagging along with Mark Conner with NSTAR. Project: Traveler will be attaching a small payload to the bottom of Mark's flight string, and therefore no flight dynamics will be listed. The camera design is a variation on the Raspberry Pi cameras flown several years ago.
The ptFlex flight controller is the second generation of ATmega-based flight controller from Project: Traveler. Like the first-generation ArduinoTrack, the ptFlex is a stand-alone APRS beaconing system developed for high altitude ballooning in near-space.
The third flight of the year will be a secondary payload to a WSU/Newton Middle School launch. The middle school class will be involved in the chase and recovery, and one of their objectives will be to plan out the flight path with the objective of being in position to see the flight string land.
The Great Plains Super Launch is being held in Pella, IA this year. The 2019d flight will be a joint venture between Project: Traveler, NearSys from Idaho, and the WB8ELK Group from Alabama. The mission payloads for this flight will be minimal, mostly just tests of the new ptFlex flight controllers.
The Flight 2019b will be held for an Elementary School in McPherson, KS. Before the launch, students be be developing their own experimental payload, observing the effects of temperature and air pressure on matter. They used two kiwi fruit and a marshmallow to test with. Additionally they will get classroom exposure to the concept of near-space travel, including demonstrations in a vacuum chamber.
The WARC club out of Wichita also flew their tracker system, and Dylan Helms few his tracker as well.


text:
There are various methods of storing and retrieving both data and ready information in computers from primary to secondary storage systems. Data may be stored in different storage devices in the computer. There are three basic methods used to retrieve data from computers;
Sequential Access Method
This method of data access is for example applied on reel type magnetic tapes. The data is stored in a logical sequence. The data that was stored first will appear first in the storage device. To find any specific file the device starts searching from the beginning and goes through all files till it finds the specified data.
For example in magnetic tapes the device has to rewind to the beginning each time a file is searched and look in sequence till it finds the specified one. The rewinding and searching makes sequential access devices practically slower.
Direct Access Method
In direct access method, the device can retrieve the required piece of data directly without the need of any sequence. Though data in direct access devices can be accessed sequentially but it is much slower that way. The devices are subdivided into various locations and each location is assigned an address. Each piece of data is stored in these addresses. When the computer is asked to search for a specific file, it searches for the assigned address of that file.
The address helps the computer go straight to specific data without having to go through every file in the storage devices. This is what makes direct access devices much faster than sequential devices.
Indexed File Access Method
Indexed access method can be described as a hybrid; it is a cross between sequential and direct access methods. Storage of the data in a device is done using sequential method. Each record is then assigned two codes a primary key and a secondary key.
The primary key is a type of identification code and appears first in the record name. It can for example be a social security number or any suitable identification format. It works as the locator number of that record. Primary keys are stored sequentially so that within a given block of data the specific records can be randomly stored. An index at the beginning of this block of data is used to identify all the records in it. After finding the index of the block of data the computer proceeds to find the primary key of the records.
The secondary key serves as the full identification of the record. It is used to exactly locate the specific item. The secondary key tells the computer specifically where the out of sequence item can be found.


Using the App Autoscaler API
Page last updated:
This topic explains how to use the App Autoscaler API.
You can use the App Autoscaler API as an interface to App Autoscaler. You can also use the App Autoscaler Cloud Foundry command-line interface (cf CLI) plugin, which offers the same features as the App Autoscaler API. See Using the App Autoscaler CLI.
API Endpoints
The API is exposed by the autoscale-api app that runs next to the autoscale app in the autoscaling space of the system org. This is the base URL of all the requests covered in the sections below.
If your system domain is system-domain.com, in most cases you can reach the autoscale app at autoscale.sys.system-domain.com and the API at autoscale.sys.system-_URL_. Confirm that you can reach both the app and the API before you proceed.
Authentication
You must pass an access token to each API endpoint. The access token is expected as-is on the Authorization header of each request.
When you are logged in to your foundation with the cf CLI, get an access token by running cf oauth-token.
Note: The App Autoscaler API often returns a 404 error when a token is incorrect. If you a receiving a lot of 404 errors, check your access token.
Content Type Header
To make any PUT or POST requests, you must set the Content-Type header to application/json. If you do not set this, you might see the following error:
"Your token is invalid or the autoscaled application does not exist"
This error can appear regardless of the token you use.
Pagination
Most list calls use pagination. The App Autoscaler API uses a standard form of pagination that is very similar to how the Cloud Foundry API (CAPI) uses pagination.
The following is an example of a paginated response from the App Autoscaler API:
 {
 "pagination": {
 "total_results": 1,
 "total_pages": 1,
 "last": {
 "href": "_URL_
 },
 "next": null,
 "first": {
 "href": "_URL_
 },
 "previous": null
 },
 "resources": [
 ...list of objects...
 ]
}
Information
GET /api/v2/info
Parameters
None
Returns
A string denoting the App Autoscaler API version.
App Bindings
This section lists operations for app bindings.
Apps that are bound to App Autoscaler are represented by the App Autoscaler API as apps. This is similar to service binding in CAPI.
App Binding Object
Name Type Description
created_at string The timestamp for when this object was created
enabled Boolean Enables or disables scaling by App Autoscaler for this app
guid string The app GUID from CAPI
instance_limits.max integer The maximum instance count that this app is allowed
instance_limits.min integer The minimum instance count that this app is allowed
updated_at string The timestamp for when this object was last updated
Get All App Bindings in a Space
GET /api/v2/apps
Parameters
Parameter In Type Required Description
space_guid query string true The GUID of the space from which you want to get all app bindings
page query integer false The page of events to get
Returns
A paginated list of app bindings.
Get an App Binding
GET /api/v2/apps/:app_guid
Parameters
Parameter In Type Required Description
app_guid path string true The GUID of the app to get the binding for
Returns
An app binding.
Update an App Binding
PUT /api/v2/apps/:app_guid
Parameters
Parameter In Type Required Description
app_guid path string true The GUID of the app to update the binding for
enabled body Boolean false Enables or disables scaling by App Autoscaler for this app
instance_limits.max body integer false The maximum instance count that this app is allowed
instance_limits.min body integer false The minimum instance count that this app is allowed
Returns
An app binding.
Events
This section lists operations to retrieve events.
Scaling events include all scaling decisions made by App Autoscaler and other relevant changes. For example, an app is enabled or disabled.
Event Object
Name Type Description
created_at string The timestamp for when this object was created
description string A description of the event
scaling_factor integer The number of instances that the app was scaled by
updated_at string The timestamp for when this object was last updated
Get All Events for an App
GET /api/v2/apps/:app_guid/events
Parameters
Parameter In Type Required Description
app_guid path string true The GUID of the app to retrieve events for
page query integer false The page of events to get
Returns
A paginated list of events.
Rules
This section lists operations for rules.
Rules are tied to individual apps, and no one app can have multiple rules of the same category.
Rule Object
Name Type Description
created_at string The timestamp for when this object was created
comparison_metric string The divisor to compare metrics against
guid string The GUID for this particular object
metric string The metric on which scaling decisions are made
queue_name string The name of the queue to monitor for RabbitMQ rules
rule_type string The type of rule
rule_sub_type string The subtype of rule
threshold.max float The threshold beyond which the app is scaled up
threshold.min float The threshold below which the app is scaled down
updated_at string The timestamp for when this object was last updated
Get All Rules for an App
GET /api/v2/apps/:app_guid/rules
Parameters
Parameter In Type Required Description
app_guid path string true The GUID of the app to retrieve rules for
page query integer false The page of events to get
Returns
A paginated list of rules.
Create a Rule
POST /api/v2/apps/:app_guid/rules
Parameters
Parameter In Type Required Description
app_guid path string true The GUID of the app to create a rule for
comparison_metric body string false The divisor to compare metrics against
metric body string false The metric on which scaling decisions are made
queue_name body string false The name of the queue to monitor for RabbitMQ rules
rule_type body string true The type of rule
rule_sub_type body string false The subtype of rule
threshold.max body float true The threshold beyond which the app is scaled up
threshold.min body float true The threshold below which the app is scaled down
Returns
A rule.
Replace All Rules
PUT /api/v2/apps/:app_guid/rules
Parameters
Parameter In Type Required Description
app_guid path string true The GUID of the app to set rules for
array of rules body array true An array of rule objects. See Create a Rule.
Returns
A paginated list of rules.
Delete All Rules
DELETE /api/v2/apps/:app_guid/rules
Parameters
Parameter In Type Required Description
app_guid path string true The GUID of the app to delete rules for
Returns
A 204 status code and empty body indicating that all rules were deleted.
Get a Rule
GET /api/v2/apps/:app_guid/rules/:guid
Parameters
Parameter In Type Required Description
app_guid path string true The GUID of the app to get a rule for
guid path string true The GUID of the rule to get
Returns
A rule.
Delete a Rule
DELETE /api/v2/apps/:app_guid/rules/:rule_guid
Parameters
Parameter In Type Required Description
app_guid path string true The GUID of the app to delete a rule for
rule_guid path string true The GUID of the rule to delete
Returns
A 204 status code and empty body indicating that the rule was deleted.
Scheduled Limit Changes
This section lists operations for scheduled limit changes (SLCs).
SLCs are jobs scheduled for the future that alter app status, such as enabling, disabling, or instance limits.
Scheduled Limit Change Object
Name Type Description
created_at string The timestamp for when this object was created
enabled Boolean Whether or not the app is enabled or disabled
executes_at string The UTC timestamp indicating when this SLC is first executed
guid string The GUID of this object
instance_limits.max integer The maximum instance count that is set on the app
instance_limits.min integer The minimum instance count that is set on the app
recurrence integer A number that represents the days of the week that the change executes. Each bit in the number represents a day in the following order: sun, mon, tue, wed, thur, fri, sat. For example, repeat mon, wed, fri = _PHONE_ = 42.
updated_at string The timestamp for when this object was last updated
Get All Scheduled Limit Changes for an App
GET /api/v2/apps/:app_guid/scheduled_limit_changes
Parameters
Parameter In Type Required Description
app_guid path string true The GUID of the app to retrieve SLCs for
page query integer false The page of SLCs to get
Returns
A paginated list of SLCs.
Create a Scheduled Limit Change
POST /api/v2/apps/:app_guid/scheduled_limit_changes
Parameters
Parameter In Type Required Description
app_gui


text:
Japanese colour woodblock print juxtaposing traditional and modern transport technology. A steam train is shown travelling along the seafront, while below, a horse-drawn omnibus, telegraph wires and a man in western dress riding a bicycle are seen. Beneath this are shown a number of traditional hand-drawn carts and rickshaws, transporting passengers and goods. Railways were constructed in Japan from 1854 and woodblock prints such as this one introduced modern technology to the Japanese public.
© NRM / Pictorial Collection / Science & Society Picture Library


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Does there exist a prime 3-manifold such that its mapping class group has an abelian representation in which the 2$\pi$ rotation is represented by -1?
In detail: Let $M$ be a closed orientable prime 3-manifold. Let $D_F(M,p)$ be the group of diffeomorphisms of $M$ that fix a point $p$ of $M$ and a frame there. Define the mapping class group (MCG) of $M$ to be the zeroth homotopy group of $D_F(M,p)$. Then the $2\pi$ rotation is an element of MCG that is the equivalence class of the following diffeo, $R_{2\pi}$: Consider a coordinate ball of radius 2, $B2$, centred on $p$. $R_{2\pi}$ fixes the ball of radius 1, $B_1$, centred on $p$ and everything outside the sphere of radius 2. In between $B_1$ and $B_2$ the $R_{2\pi}$ maps $(x,y,z)\rightarrow(x\cos\theta+y\sin\theta,y\cos\theta−x\sin\theta,z)$ where $\theta$ is a function of $r=\sqrt(x^2+y^2+z^2)$ which increases smoothly and monotonically from 0 to 2$\pi$ as $r$ increases from 1 to 2. The square of the 2$\pi$ rotation is the identity in MCG. A manifold is spinorial if $\[R_{2\pi}\]$ is non-trivial in MCG.
Background motivation:
This question is interesting because of the possibility that fermions can be built on non-trivial spatial topology. $M$ is the manifold of a 3-D spatial hypersurface in spacetime. The fixed point is the point at infinity (where the metric is asymptotically flat) and fixing a frame there has the same effect on $\pi_0(D_F)$ as requiring some falloff conditions on the diffeomorphisms at infinity or requiring them to be the identity outside some ball. The configuration space of General Relativity in this asymptotically flat setting is (space of asymptotically flat metrics on $M$)/$D_F$ and its first homotopy group is isomorphic to (what I called above) MCG, see _URL_ (I know it is not the usual definition of MCG). The quantum state, on canonical quantisation of General Relativity, carries a unitary irreducible representation (UIR) of the MCG and different choices of UIR give different physics. Prime 3-manifolds are potentially candidates for elementary particles built from pure geometry: topological geons (this is speculative!). A prime 3-manifold can be the basis for a spinorial particle (i.e. spin 1/2, spin 3/2....) if $R_{2\pi}$ is nontrivial. Because particles must be able to be pair produced and annihilated, topology change must be allowed in the theory which means that the theory should be quantised in a sum-over-histories framework rather than a canonical quantisation framework. Within the sum-over-histories framework it is challenging to realise nonabelian reps of MCG. Abelian reps on the other hand are more easily accommodated by attaching phases to topologically distinct sectors of the path integral. Moreover certain rules that would result in a spin-statistics correlation for topological geons would also force the reps to be abelian, _URL_ (hence the need for abelian reps). However, if there were no spinorial primes with abelian reps this would rule out spinorial geons and therefore fermions.
share|improve this question
What do you mean by 'the' $2\pi$ rotation? – HJRW May 16 '11 at 12:21
Please edit the question statement to put in the clarifications. You're also presumably assuming that the manifold is spin, and looking at the spin mapping class group. – Dylan Thurston May 16 '11 at 13:25
1. This is not the usual definition of MCG. 2. By the belt trick, the $2\pi$ rotation squares to be the identity. 3. The $2\pi$ rotation is central. 4. I don't know what you mean when you say "abelian representation" or "represented by -1". – Sam Nead May 16 '11 at 13:28
Even with the edit, "represented by -1" is not clear. Are you asking for this element of the mapping class group to map onto the generator of an infinite cyclic group? That's how I read your question. – Ryan Budney May 16 '11 at 19:33
1 Answer 1
up vote 8 down vote accepted
Yes, there exists such a manifold $M$. This follows if there exists aspherical $M$ with $Diff(M)\simeq 0$ (contractible) and $H^2(M;\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z})=0$. I claim there exists such manifolds. Let's see why such $M$ suffice.
There are two fibrations: $$ D_F(M,p) \to Diff(M,p) \to GL(3,\mathbb{R})$$ and $$ Diff(M,p) \to Diff(M) \to M.$$
The first comes from considering the derivative at $p$ of a diffeomorphism fixing $p$. The second comes from considering the image of $p$ under a diffeomorphism of $M$.
From the long exact sequence of homotopy for a fibration (e.g. 4.41 Hatcher), we have the exact sequence $$0=\pi_2(M) \to \pi_1(Diff(M,p)) \to \pi_1(Diff(M))=0 \to \pi_1(M)\to $$ $$\pi_0(Diff(M,p))\to \pi_0(Diff(M))=0.$$ We see that $\pi_0(Diff(M,p))=\pi_1(M)$, and $\pi_1(Diff(M,p))=0$. Similarly, $$0=\pi_1(Diff(M,p))\to \mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}=\pi_1(GL(3,\mathbb{R})) \to \pi_0(D_F(M,p))\to \pi_0(Diff(M,p))\to 0.$$
From the second sequence, we see that $\pi_0(D_F(M,p))$ is therefore a $\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$ extension of $\pi_1(M)$. These are classified by $H^2(\pi_1(M);\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z})=H^2(M;\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z})=0$ (since any such extension is central). Thus, it is a trivial extension, so $\pi_0(D_F(M,p))=\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}\times \pi_1(M)$. The $\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$ factor is generated by $[R_{2\pi}]$ in your notation, so clearly the desired abelian representation exists.
Now we need to see that a closed orientable aspherical manifold $M$ with $Diff(M)\simeq 0$ and $H^2(M;\mathbb{Z}/2)=0$ exists. In fact, we may assume $M$ is a hyperbolic homology sphere. For example, take a hyperbolic knot complement with trivial isometry group. Perform Dehn filling of slope $1/k$ for $k$ large to get a closed hyperbolic manifold. This manifold will be an aspherical homology sphere and will have trivial isometry group for $k>>0$ (this follows from Thurston's Dehn surgery theorem and the Margulis lemma, since the isometries must preserve the short core geodesic of the Dehn surgery). By a result of Gabai, $Diff(M)$ will be contractible.
One can work in somewhat greater generality with hyperbolic 3-manifolds $M$ which have the property that $H^2(Aut(\pi_1(M));\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z})=0$, since the first exact sequence implies that $\pi_0(Diff(M,p))=Aut(\pi_1(M))$. I'm not sure what happens if $H^2(Aut(\pi_1(M));\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z})\neq 0$; I assumed it $=0$ as a convenient way to see that the group $\pi_0(D_F(M,p))$ splits.
share|improve this answer
Thank you for your answer. I'm still reading through it to try and understand it all but it looks like it's what I'm looking for. Do you mean that $\pi_0(D_F(M,p))$ (as opposed to $\pi_0(Diff(M,p))$) is a $\mathbb{Z}/2\


text:
This paper describes a new objective parameter, called "Difference Level" that could be used for preliminary technical estimation of signal degradation in various audio circuits – digital and analogue, hardware and software based. This parameter could be considered either as an extension of THD for non-periodic signals, or as one of the estimations of widely used difference signal.
Click to purchase paper as a non-member or login as an AES member. If your company or school subscribes to the E-Library then switch to the institutional version. If you are not an AES member and would like to subscribe to the E-Library then Join the AES!
This paper costs $33 for non-members and is free for AES members and E-Library subscribers.


text:
Today we made the head line. This is an article found on the Bucks Herald.
Published Date: 09 September 2008
TODAY'S online calendar picture shows a line of different coloured Volkswagen camper vans in Aylesbury.
The picture was taken in the car park of a Stoke Mandeville pub recently. The Volkswagen Type 2 (also known as Transporter) was the second automotive line introduced by German automaker Volkswagen. It was a van introduced in 1950, initially based on Volkswagen's first model, the Type 1, also known as the "Beetle". The Type 2 is the forerunner of modern cargo and passenger vans. The Type 2 spawned a number of imitators both in the United States and Europe including the Ford Econoline, Dodge A100, and the Chevrolet Corvan, the last even adopting the Type 2's rear-engine configuration. Updated versions of this line are still being produced in international markets, both as a passenger and cargo van and as a pickup truck.
The article is here.


text:
What is the speed of a helicopter rotor?
Depending on the model and size of the helicopter, a helicopter's blades, which are between 40-60ft long, spin from about 225 RPM to 500 RPM. Speed is determined by the power of the rotor and the length of the blade.
Do helicopter rotors break the sound barrier?
The current development of hybrid/compound helicopters like the Airbus/Eurocopter X3 have been testing the slowing of main rotor rpm when at higher cruise speeds to prevent the main rotor tips breaking the sound barrier. As of yet, there is no helicopter in production that has a varying speed main rotor.
What sound do helicopter rotors make?
When a helicopter is making an approach, the main rotor blades can move into the path of a vortex produced by the blades ahead, producing a sound called "blade slap."
Can a helicopter fly faster than sound?
When a helicopter flies forward, the rotor blades experience a dramatic variation in airspeed. To complicate matters further, portions of the tip of a fast-flying helicopter's advancing blade can exceed the speed of sound, producing shock waves that cause large vibrations and generate considerable noise.
Are helicopters constant speed?
Conventional helicopters have constant-speed rotors and adjust lift by varying the blade angle of attack or collective pitch. Reducing the rotational speed and increasing the angle of attack can therefore give a significant reduction in rotor drag, allowing lower fuel consumption.
How much can a helicopter lift?
But just how much weight can a construction helicopter lift? Light utility helicopters frequently lift between 1,200 and 4,000 pounds. On the other end of the spectrum is the M-26–the world's largest heavy-lift helicopter–which is capable of transporting up to 44,000 pounds.
Is it loud inside a helicopter?
In the majority of today's commercial aircraft the level of cabin noise is generally lower than 80 dBA. However, in most helicopters the levels could be considerably higher, reaching the values beyond 100 dBA in some older production models and higher power settings.
Is a silent helicopter possible?
The good news is that there is no such thing as silent, stealth black helicopters. The extremely loud noise made by helicopter blades results primarily from the blades chopping through eddies in their own wakes, a phenomenon known as blade-vortex interaction.
Why do helicopters sound so loud?
The researchers explained that most of the noise is generated by the helicopter's main rotor. When the rotor spins, air pressure decreases above it and increases below it. This is what causes the helicopter to rise. Air flows around the blade to even out the pressure difference and creates a concentrated vortex.
Do helicopters have speed limits?
Due to these limiting factors, the maximum forward speed of a helicopter is limited to about 250 mph (402 km/h). Drawing a very close comparison to the theory, the world speed record for a helicopter is 249.10 mph (400.80 km/h).
How do helicopters increase speed?
From a straight and level flight, push forward the collective slowly and smoothly → The speed increases. As the cyclic is pushed forward, the altitude decreases → Raise up the collective. Anticipate the moment where the helicopter will reach the desired speed by checking the speed indicator.
How many feet per second does a helicopter rotor tip go?
It is this phenomenon which ultimately limits the rotational speed of the blades and the maximum speed of the helicopter. Let's look at the R22 as an example. The following figures are approximate. The rotor tip speed is about 670 fps (feet per second). The speed of sound at ground level on a standard day is about 1100 fps.
How does the speed of a helicopter blade affect its speed?
When the helicopter is in motion, the rotor tip speed depends on the speed of the helicopter and the blade's rotational velocity. It is possible for the rotor blade to exceed the speed of sound.
How many RPM does a full size helicopter spin?
Answer Wiki. Full size helicopters main rotor spins between 250 and 600 rpm the larger the rotor the slower it turns the tip speed of the blade is the limiting factor.
How often do the tips of a helicopter go supersonic?
The blade tips do not go supersonic. In fact, in nearly all helicopter designs, the rotor rotates within a very narrow range of speeds, typically between 90% and 110% of the normal speed. In most flight regimes, the rotor is rotating at 100%, +/- a few percent, whether you are climbing, descending or cruising.


text:
Plow Steel Wire Rope
Plow steel wire rope is unusually tough and strong.
This steel has a tensile strength of 220,000 to 240,000
psi. Plow steel wire rope is suitable for hauling, hoisting,
Improved Plow Steel Wire Rope
Improved plow steel wire rope is one of the best
grades of rope available and is the most common rope
used in the NCF. This type of rope is stronger, tougher,
and more resistant to wear than either mild plow steel
or plow steel. Each square inch of improved plow steel
can stand a strain of 240,000 to 260,000 pounds. This
makes it especially useful for heavy-duty service, such
as on cranes with excavating and weight-handling
LAYS OF WIRE ROPE
The term lay refers to the direction of the twist of
the wires in a strand and to the direction that the strands
are laid in the rope. In some instances, both the wires in
the strand and the strands in the rope are laid in the same
direction; and in other instances, the wires are laid in
one direction and the strands are laid in the opposite
direction, depending on the intended use of the rope.
Most manufacturers specify the types and lays of wire
rope to be used on their piece of equipment. Be sure and
consult the operators manual for proper application.
Five different lays of wire rope are shown in figure
The five types of lays used in wire rope are as
. Right Regular Lay: In right regular lay rope, the
wires in the strands are laid to the left, while the strands
are laid to the right to form the wire rope.
. Left Regular Lay: In left regular lay rope, the
wires in the strands are laid to the right, while the strands
are laid to the left to form the wire rope. In this lay, each
step of fabrication is exactly opposite from the right
. Right Lang Lay: In right lang lay rope, the wires
in the strands and the strands in the rope are laid in the
same direction; in this instance, the lay is to the right.
. Left Lang Lay: In left lang lay rope, the wires in
the strands and the strands in the rope are also laid in the
same direction; in this instance, the lay is to the left
(rather than to the right as in the right lang lay).
Figure 13-4.Lays of wire rope.
. Reverse Lay: In reverse lay rope, the wires in
one strand are laid to the right, the wires in the nearby
strand are laid to the left, the wires in the next strand are
to the right, and so forth, with alternate directions from
one strand to the other. Then all strands are laid to the
LAY LENGTH OF WIRE ROPE
The length of a rope lay is the distance measured
parallel to the center line of a wire rope in which a strand
makes one complete spiral or turn around the rope. The
length of a strand lay is the distance measured parallel
to the center line of the strand in which one wire makes
one complete spiral or turnaround the strand. Lay length
measurement is shown in figure 13-5.
Figure 13-5.Lay length of wire rope.


Proton in magnetic field
 Proton moving in -y direction with a magnetic field pointing in the +y direction with a manitude of 5.0 T. The proton has a velocity of 3.01x10^7, What is the magnitude and direction of the magnetic force.
 2. Relevant equations
 F=q(v x B)
 3. The attempt at a solution
 The answer I think is either 0 or 1.5x10^8.
 I say it might be zero cause the cross product of anti-parallel vectors is zero right? Or I say its 1.5x10^8 because I just plugged into the above equation a solved. Which one is it? Or is it neither.
 2. Relevant equations
 3. The attempt at a solution
 2. jcsd
 3. danago
 danago 1,125
 Gold Member
 Id take your first answer, zero.
 By the looks of it, you have taken cross product to be the same thing as scalar multiplication, which is not true. Have a look at these links for more about the vector cross product:
 If you were to define the velocity vector as <0, 3.01x10^7, 0> m/s and the magnetic field vector as <0, -5, 0> T, and then proceeded to apply the cross product operation, you would end up with a zero vector, which would agree with your first answer.
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How Much Does a Tuberculosis Test Cost?
A tuberculosis test, also known as a TB or PPD test, is a skin test that determines if someone has developed an immune response to a bacteria that causes tuberculosis. TB is a common disease that kills more than three million people worldwide each year and will often affect the lungs and almost any other organ in the body. People who have tuberculosis may experience symptoms similar to the flu, and some may not experience any symptoms at all.
How much is it?
What is going to be included?
What are the extra costs?
Tips to know
How can I save money?
Average Reported Cost: $0
0 %
0 %
How much did you spend?
Was it worth it?


text:
Etymology 1
- To predict the future using crystal balls.
- The fortune teller claimed she could scry [into] the future.
- (obsolete) To descry; to see.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Spenser to this entry?)
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Middle English ascrie
scry (plural scries)
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster's Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.


text:
On the Markov chain models for monsoonal rainfall occurrence in different zones of West Bengal
Abstract: The probabilistic distribution of pattern of rainfall during the monsoonal season (June-September) over different regions of West Bengal (India) has been reviewed with the help of Markov chain models of various orders. The analysis is based on relevant data of 25 years (_PHONE_) in the ten meteorological stations spread over the state. The determination of the proper order that best describes the precipitation over the region is carried out using Akaike's Information Criteria. The test clearly indicates that first order Markov chain model is the best /one for rainfall forecasting. It is found that an appropriate period (2-4 days) of occurrence of rainfall phenomenon over the various stations. Moreover, the steady-state probabilities and mean occurrence time of precipitation days and dry days have also been calculated for firstand second-order Markov chain models. The computation reveals that the observed and theoretical values of steady-state probabilities are realistically matched
Markov chain model, Akaike's Information criteria, rainfall probability, Stationary probability, Mean recurrence time, Dry and Wet spell.
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text:
[kuh n-sahyn-muh nt] /kənˈsaɪn mənt/
the act of .
something that is .
Commerce. property sent to an agent for sale, storage, or shipment.
of, relating to, or shipped as goods on consignment:
consignment selling of gift items.
on consignment, (of goods) sent to an agent for sale, with title being held by the consignor until a sale is made.
the act of consigning; commitment
a shipment of goods consigned
on consignment, for payment by the consignee after sale: he made the last shipment on consignment
1560s, "sealing with a sign," from consign + -ment. Meaning "delivering over" is from 1660s; especially of goods, for the sake of sale or auction, from c.1700. Meaning "quantity of goods so assigned" is recorded from 1720s.
noun, Chiefly British. 1. . noun 1. a nonnegotiable shipping document evidencing the contract between shipper and air carrier for transportation and delivery of cargo. Abbreviation: AWB. noun 1. a document made out by the consignor of goods by air freight giving details of the goods and the name of the consignee
noun 1. a retail store that sells secondhand items on behalf of others and receives a percentage of the sales price.
[kuh n-sahy-ner, kon-sahy-nawr] /kənˈsaɪ nər, ˌkɒn saɪˈnɔr/ noun 1. a person or company that goods, merchandise, etc. /kənˈsaɪnə; ˌkɒnsaɪˈnɔː/ noun 1. a person, enterprise, etc, that consigns goods
n. 1840, "concurrence, coincidence," literally "a jumping together," formed on model of resilience from Latin consilient-, from com- "together" (see com-) + salire "to leap" (see salient (adj.)).


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Hereditary inequality began more than 7,000 years ago in the early Neolithic era. According to new evidence farmers buried with tools had access to better land than those buried without.
By studying more than 300 human skeletons from sites across central Europe, Professor Alex Bentley and an international team of colleagues discovered evidence of differential land access among the first Neolithic farmers.
This is the earliest evidence which has been found in this context.
Strontium isotope analysis of the skeletons, which provides indications of place of origin, indicated that men buried with distinctive Neolithic stone adzes (tools used for smoothing or carving wood) had less varying isotope signatures than men buried without adzes.
This indicates that those buried with adzes had access to closer - and probably better - land than those buried without.
"The men buried with adzes appear to have lived on food grown in areas of loess, the fertile and productive soil favored by early farmers. This indicates they had consistent access to preferred farming areas," said Professor Bentley, Professor of Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of Bristol.
The strontium isotope analysis also revealed that early Neolithic women were more likely to have originated from areas outside those where their bodies were found than men.
This also provides a strong indication of Patrilocality, a male-centered kinship system where females move to reside in the location of the males when they marry.
Moreover, this new evidence from the skeletons is consistent with other archaeological, genetic, anthropological and even linguistic evidence for Patrilocality in Neolithic Europe.
The conclusions have implications for genetic modeling of how human populations expanded in the Neolithic, for which sex-biased mobility patterns and status differences are increasing seen as crucial.
"Our results, along with archaeobotanical studies that indicate the earliest farmers of Neolithic Germany had a system of land tenure, suggest that the origins of differential access to land can be traced back to an early part of the Neolithic era, rather than only to later prehistory when inequality and intergenerational wealth transfers are more clearly evidenced in burials and material culture," said Bentley.
"It seems the Neolithic era introduced heritable property (land and livestock) into Europe and that wealth inequality got underway when this happened. After that, of course, there was no looking back: through the Bronze Age, Iron Age and Industrial era wealth inequality increased but the 'seeds' of inequality were sown way back in the Neolithic," Bentley added.
This study has been published in PNAS.


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Our Buildings and Projects
This $18.5±M, 5 span continuous, 4 lane, 365 m long steel girder bridge was part of the Longs Creek – Grand Falls Trans Canada Highway project constructed by Brunway Group in 2005 – 07. The 4 lane structure was constructed with 80 m spans over the water along with 65 m and 60 m back spans over land.
The Aroostook River at the crossing site is a wide, shallow, boulder strewn, rapidly flowing stream, bounded by high steeply sloping wooded river banks. By using long span steel plate girders and combining the east bound and west bound lanes on a common foundation, only one pier was required to be constructed within the environmentally sensitive water course.
The bridge girders were constructed using unpainted, weathering steel protected from spray and bridge deck run off by a waterproof membrane and concrete deck slab cantilevering well beyond the bridge's steel spandrel girders.
The use of expansion joints was minimized with only two finger plate expansion joints located at the bridge abutments. Pot bearing assemblies were used to support the bridge superstructure.
Substantial quantities of large riprap and heavy geotechnical fabric were used to prevent erosion in the vicinity of pier foundations. Above the maximum river flood level, geotextile fabric and rock fill slope protection were used to control erosion of bridge approach fills.


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I'm here to shed light on the captivating science behind Audacity plugins. These remarkable tools employ cutting-edge audio processing techniques, harness neural networks, utilize intricate mathematics for spectral analysis, employ advanced signal processing algorithms, and even delve into the fascinating world of psychoacoustic models.
With this article, we'll unravel the inner workings of Audacity plugins and empower you with a deeper understanding of how they work.
Get ready to take control over your audio creations like never before.
- 1 Understanding the Audio Processing Techniques in Audacity Plugins
- 2 Exploring the Neural Networks Used in Audacity Plugins
- 3 The Mathematics Behind the Spectral Analysis in Audacity Plugins
- 4 Unveiling the Signal Processing Algorithms in Audacity Plugins
- 5 Investigating the Psychoacoustic Models in Audacity Plugins
- 6 Conclusion
Understanding the Audio Processing Techniques in Audacity Plugins
Understanding the audio processing techniques in Audacity plugins is essential for improving sound quality. When evaluating the real-time performance of Audacity plugins, it is important to consider how they impact audio quality. These plugins use various algorithms and methods to modify and enhance audio signals. By examining their impact on audio quality, we can determine whether they are effective in achieving desired results.
Audacity plugins employ techniques such as equalization, compression, noise reduction, and reverb to enhance the sound. Equalization allows for adjustments in frequency response, enabling us to fine-tune specific elements of the audio. Compression helps control the dynamic range, ensuring that loud parts don't overpower quieter sections. Noise reduction algorithms remove unwanted background noise while preserving the clarity of the original signal.
Exploring the Neural Networks Used in Audacity Plugins
Diving into the neural networks used in Audacity plugins reveals their intricate design. These powerful tools employ complex neural network architectures to enhance audio processing capabilities. Here's a closer look at how these networks are designed and trained:
- Neural Network Architecture: The architecture of the neural networks used in Audacity plugins typically consists of multiple layers, including input, hidden, and output layers. Each layer contains a set of interconnected nodes that process and analyze audio data.
- Training Data Sources: To train these neural networks effectively, a diverse range of audio data is utilized. This can include recordings from various instruments, genres, and environments to ensure the plugin can adapt to different scenarios.
- Iterative Training Process: The training process involves repeatedly presenting the network with audio samples and adjusting its internal parameters based on the desired output. This iterative approach helps fine-tune the network's ability to accurately process audio signals.
- Continuous Improvement: Developers continually refine and improve these neural networks by incorporating user feedback and updating training data sources. This iterative cycle ensures that Audacity plugins deliver high-quality audio processing capabilities for users who desire precise control over their sound editing experience.
Further Reading – Unlocking Success: Launching a Lucrative Security Venture in Kentucky
The Mathematics Behind the Spectral Analysis in Audacity Plugins
The mathematics behind spectral analysis in Audacity plugins are crucial for accurately analyzing and processing audio data. These plugins employ advanced frequency analysis techniques to break down audio signals into their constituent frequencies. This allows users to gain insights into the different components of a sound, such as identifying specific harmonics or isolating noise sources.
Spectral manipulation algorithms in Audacity plugins enable precise control over the spectral content of audio signals. By manipulating the frequencies present in a sound, users can alter its timbre, remove unwanted noise, or enhance specific frequency ranges. This is achieved through techniques like filtering, equalization, and pitch shifting.
Understanding the mathematical principles behind these algorithms empowers users to have complete control over their audio processing workflows. By utilizing spectral analysis and manipulation techniques effectively, users can achieve professional-grade results when working with Audacity plugins.
Unveiling the Signal Processing Algorithms in Audacity Plugins
To truly grasp the power of audacity plugins, you need to delve into the signal processing algorithms at play. These algorithms are responsible for the real-time effects and audio restoration capabilities that make Audacity a popular choice among audio enthusiasts. Let's take a closer look:
- Examining the real-time effects: Audacity plugins utilize sophisticated signal processing algorithms to apply various effects in real time. Whether it's reverb, delay, or compression, these plugins analyze and modify the audio signals on-the-fly, allowing users to hear the changes instantly.
- Analyzing the audio restoration capabilities: Audacity plugins also excel in restoring damaged or low-quality audio recordings. By employing advanced algorithms like noise reduction and click removal, these plugins can effectively clean up unwanted artifacts and enhance the overall sound quality.
- Leveraging spectral analysis: Spectral analysis plays a crucial role in many Audacity plugins by providing detailed information about frequency content over time. This allows users to identify specific problem areas in an audio recording and apply targeted adjustments for better results.
- Harnessing adaptive filtering techniques: Some Audacity plugins use adaptive filtering techniques to dynamically adjust their parameters based on input signals. This enables precise control over parameters like equalization or dynamic range without sacrificing performance.
Investigating the Psychoacoustic Models in Audacity Plugins
Have you ever wondered how Audacity plugins utilize psychoacoustic models to enhance your audio recordings?
These plugins are designed to analyze the impact of Audacity plugins on audio quality and examine the role of human perception in Audacity plugin design.
Psychoacoustic models are based on our understanding of how humans perceive sound, allowing these plugins to optimize audio processing for maximum effectiveness.
By taking into account factors such as frequency masking and auditory masking, these models can intelligently shape the audio signal to enhance its quality while minimizing perceived artifacts.
Through careful analysis of psychoacoustic principles, Audacity plugins can provide a superior listening experience by ensuring that the processed audio remains natural and pleasing to the human ear.
Welcome to The Enlightened Era, where innovation meets futuristic technology. Explore a realm brimming with groundbreaking concepts and transformative ideas. With a focus on unlocking unprecedented potential, The Enlightened Era is your go-to platform for all things audacity plugins. Get ready to unleash the power of sound like never before, as we delve into The Science Behind Audacity Plugins.
In conclusion, the science behind audacity plugins is a complex web of audio processing techniques, neural networks, mathematical algorithms, and psychoacoustic models.
These plugins rely on advanced signal processing algorithms to manipulate sound, and use spectral analysis to understand the frequency content of audio.
Additionally, they harness the power of neural networks to enhance and modify audio in intelligent ways.
Understanding these underlying scientific principles helps us appreciate the technological sophistication behind Audacity plugins and their ability to transform our auditory experiences.


ETDEWEB)
 Huang Zhiyong [College of Bioengineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021 (China)], E-mail: _EMAIL_; Li Lianping; Huang Gaoling [College of Bioengineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021 (China); Yan Qingpi [College of fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021 (China); Shi Bing; Xu Xiaoqin [Xiamen Products Quality Inspection Institute, Xiamen, 361004 (China)
 2009-01-18
 Phytochelatins, with the general structure of ({gamma}-Glu-Cys)n-Gly (n = 2-11), are usually recognized as being strongly induced by metals in microalgae and play an important role in the detoxification of heavy metals in environment. However, there have been few studies on metallothionein (MT) synthesis in Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) exposed to heavy metals. The present study describes the growth inhibition of C. vulgaris exposed to different concentrations of cadmium and zinc, and the induction of metal-binding MT-like proteins in the cells. The amounts of metal-binding proteins, induced in the alga exposed to different concentrations of Cd and Zn, were analyzed with a size-exclusion HPLC coupled to ICP-MS. After being purified with a gel filtration column (Sephadex G-75, 3.5 cm x 80 cm) and a desalting column (G-25, 1.5 cm x 30 cm), the isoforms and sub-isoforms of Zn-binding protein were characterized by a reverse phase-HPLC coupled to electrospray ionization and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). In addition, the ultraviolet spectra of purified Zn-binding proteins were analyzed in media with different pH values. The results showed that the significant inhibitory effects (at p < 0.05) on the cell growth were observed when excessive metals such as 80 {mu}mol l{sup -1} of Cd, and 60 and 80 {mu}mol l{sup -1} of Zn were added. The Cd/Zn-binding proteins induced in C. vulgaris exposed to Cd and Zn were referred to as Cd/Zn-MT-like proteins in which the mean molecular mass of the apo-MT-like was 6152 Da. The induced Cd/Zn-MT-like proteins might be involved in the detoxification of heavy metals, such as cadmium and zinc, by the alga.
 20. Gamma interferon-induced guanylate binding protein 1 is a novel actin cytoskeleton remodeling factor.
 Science.gov (United States)
 Ostler, Nicole; Britzen-Laurent, Nathalie; Liebl, Andrea; Naschberger, Elisabeth; Lochnit, Günter; Ostler, Markus; Forster, Florian; Kunzelmann, Peter; Ince, Semra; Supper, Verena; Praefcke, Gerrit J K; Schubert, Dirk W; Stockinger, Hannes; Herrmann, Christian; Stürzl, Michael
 2014-01-01
 Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) regulates immune defenses against viruses, intracellular pathogens, and tumors by modulating cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and vesicle trafficking processes. The large GTPase guanylate binding protein 1 (GBP-1) is among the cellular proteins that is the most abundantly induced by IFN-γ and mediates its cell biologic effects. As yet, the molecular mechanisms of action of GBP-1 remain unknown. Applying an interaction proteomics approach, we identified actin as a strong and specific binding partner of GBP-1. Furthermore, GBP-1 colocalized with actin at the subcellular level and was both necessary and sufficient for the extensive remodeling of the fibrous actin structure observed in IFN-γ-exposed cells. These effects were dependent on the oligomerization and the GTPase activity of GBP-1. Purified GBP-1 and actin bound to each other, and this interaction was sufficient to impair the formation of actin filaments in vitro, as demonstrated by atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and fluorescence-monitored polymerization. Cosedimentation and band shift analyses demonstrated that GBP-1 binds robustly to globular actin and slightly to filamentous actin. This indicated that GBP-1 may induce actin remodeling via globular actin sequestering and/or filament capping. These results establish GBP-1 as a novel member within the family of actin-remodeling proteins specifically mediating IFN-γ-dependent defense strategies.
 1. Human plasminogen binding protein tetranectin
 DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
 Kastrup, J S; Rasmussen, H; Nielsen, B B
 1997-01-01
 The recombinant human plasminogen binding protein tetranectin (TN) and the C-type lectin CRD of this protein (TN3) have been crystallized. TN3 crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P4(2)2(1)2 with cell dimensions a = b = 64.0, c = 75.7 A and with one molecule per asymmetric unit. The crystals...... to at least 2.5 A. A full data set has been collected to 3.0 A. The asymmetric unit contains one monomer of TN. Molecular replacement solutions for TN3 and TN have been obtained using the structure of the C-type lectin CRD of rat mannose-binding protein as search model. The rhombohedral space group indicates...
 2. Binding of Multiple Rap1 Proteins Stimulates Chromosome Breakage Induction during DNA Replication.
 Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
 Greicy H Goto
 2015-08-01
 Full Text Available Telomeres, the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes, have a specialized chromatin structure that provides a stable chromosomal terminus. In budding yeast Rap1 protein binds to telomeric TG repeat and negatively regulates telomere length. Here we show that binding of multiple Rap1 proteins stimulates DNA double-stranded break (DSB induction at both telomeric and non-telomeric regions. Consistent with the role of DSB induction, Rap1 stimulates nearby recombination events in a dosage-dependent manner. Rap1 recruits Rif1 and Rif2 to telomeres, but neither Rif1 nor Rif2 is required for DSB induction. Rap1-mediated DSB induction involves replication fork progression but inactivation of checkpoint kinase Mec1 does not affect DSB induction. Rap1 tethering shortens artificially elongated telomeres in parallel with telomerase inhibition, and this telomere shortening does not require homologous recombination. These results suggest that Rap1 contributes to telomere homeostasis by promoting chromosome breakage.
 3. DNA-binding proteins essential for protein-primed bacteriophage ø29 DNA replication
 Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
 Margarita Salas
 2016-08-01
 Full Text Available Bacillus subtilis phage Φ29 has a linear, double-stranded DNA 19 kb long with an inverted terminal repeat of 6 nucleotides and a protein covalently linked to the 5' ends of the DNA. This protein, called terminal protein (TP, is the primer for the initiation of replication, a reaction catalyzed by the viral DNA polymerase at the two DNA ends. The DNA polymerase further elongates the nascent DNA chain in a processive manner, coupling strand displacement with elongation. The viral protein p5 is a single-stranded DNA binding protein (SSB that binds to the single strands generated by strand displacement during the elongation process. Viral protein p6 is a double-stranded DNA binding protein (DBP that preferentially binds to the origins of replication at the Φ29 DNA ends and is required for the initiation of replication. Both SSB and DBP are essential for Φ29 DNA amplification. This review focuses on the role of these phage DNA-binding proteins in Φ29 DNA replication both in vitro and in vivo, as well as on the implication of several B. subtilis DNA-binding proteins in different processes of the viral cycle. We will revise the enzymatic activities of the Φ29 DNA polymerase: TP-deoxynucleotidylation, processive DNA polymerization coupled to strand displacement, 3'-5' exonucleolysis and pyrophosphorolysis. The resolution of the Φ29 DNA polymerase structure has shed light on the translocation mechanism and the determinants responsible for processivity and strand displacement. These two properties have made Φ29 DNA polymerase one of the main enzymes used in the current DNA amplification technologies. The determination of the structure of Φ29 TP revealed the existence of three domains: the priming domain, where the primer residue Ser232, as well as Phe230, involved in the determination of the initiating nucle


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It's a fact that still bewilders me to this day, but somehow amidst all of the glorious fried foods of Japan I have managed to LOSE weight since moving here..
Even though 天麩羅、唐揚げ and other fried goods are quite possibly some of the most delicious foods in the world.
But did you know that tempura isn't actually an original Japanese recipe?
Nope – it's from Portugal!
This article was pretty fun and informative about the origins of tempura – take a read and learn a quick introduction into the history of one of Japan's tastiest side orders.


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Landmarks asked for revisions to application to demolish 20th century freight terminal building and construct new brick-faced hotel. On August 3, 2015 the Landmarks Preservation Commission considered an application to demolish an existing building and construct a new hotel at 456 Greenwich Street in Manhattan. The lot under consideration lies partially within the Tribeca North Historic District. The existing structure at the site, originally built as freight terminal building in 1942, was heavily altered in the 1950s, and now functions as a garage. The building is identified as "no style" in the district's designation report. Landmarks previously considered an application for the alteration and redevelopment of the garage in 2014, but the project has since been abandoned. The new building would function as a hotel, with ground-floor commercial use.
The lot spans the width of the block, from Greenwich to Washington Street, with its longest facade on Desbrosses Street. Only the eastern portion lies within the historic district, which includes the facade facing Greenwich Street, and a segment of the Desbrosses Street face side.
Higgins Quasebarth and Partners' consultant Cas Stachelberg testified that the design would be uniform throughout the lot, though more bulk would be added to the portion outside of the historic district. He stated that the site is surrounded by five- and six-story 18th century warehouse buildings faced in masonry with cast-iron bases. He called the proposed design "clearly of the district, but also clearly of its time," and said it would retain the tradition of textured brickwork and the governing "utilitarian aesthetic." Stachelberg provided multiple examples of non-contextual short buildings in Tribeca that had been replaced by taller infill buildings with Landmarks' approval.
Architect Stephen Jacobs, of the Stephen B. Jacobs Group, presented the plan for the new hotel's design, which he described as a "contemporary contextual infill building." The building would rise to six stories at the streetwall, with a one-story, setback penthouse, into which a rooftop pool would be installed. The new building, which would have two bays on Greenwich Street, and sic bays on Desbrosses Street, would be primarily faced in brick with, with metal and glass openings. Large double-height square windows would span the second and third, as well as the fourth and fifth stories on all three facades. The large square openings would be divided into quarters by aluminum replications of steel I-beams, and further subdivided into multiple smaller windows. Jacobs said the contemporary nature of the openings prevented the design from falling into a false "historicism," while the "heavily articulated" brickwork was also intended to reflect historic architecture in a contemporary manner.
The first story would be demarcated from the upper floors by a metal cornice recalling historic corrugated metal canopies of the district. The sixth story would have smaller, vertical windows similar in design to the "attic stories" of the district's historic buildings. Multi-story mechanical equipment and bulkheads would be clustered on a portion of the roof outside of the historic district. A rooftop swimming pool would be built on the historic district portion of the penthouse. The penthouse and pool would be minimally, partially visible from public thoroughfares.
The Historic District Council's Barbara Zay called the project largely admirable, but criticized the double-height open squares and their failure to align with adjacent buildings, as well as an excess of glazing. Sean McCarthy, a resident of 452 Greenwich Street, expressed concern about the ratio of glass to masonry, the height of the proposed building, and the mass of the roof accretions, which would be visible from his building. Attorney Scott Schweber, representing a resident of the adjoining co-op at 449 Washington Street, said the development would block light and air to the building, which lies outside of the designated district.
Manhattan Community Board 1 issued a resolution recommending approval of the project, though requesting that the visibility of the rooftop accretions be reduced.
No commissioners objected to the proposed demolition. Commissioner Michael Goldblum found the approval contextual in its massing and materials and the proposal would constitute an improvement over the existing building. Goldblum questioned the large square windows, but determined that the design fell within the boundaries of appropriateness. Commissioner Michael Devonshire criticized the use of sand-struck brick in the proposal, which he said would clash with the historic hydraulic, water-struck brick predominant in the district. Though slightly "cringe-worthy," Devonshire did not find that the choice rose to the level of inappropriateness.
Commissioner Fred Bland suggested that the applicants use a stronger cornice above the sixth floor and also opposed the square opening for reasons of proportionality. Commissioner Diana Chapin found the large square windows "disruptive," and advised that they be replaced with rectilinear openings.
Chair Meenakshi Srinivasan commented that she was glad to see a plan that would replace the existing garage with a streetwall building, and called it a "great improvement" over the site's current condition. Srinivasan found the square openings integral to the concept presented, and said she was hesitant to ask the applicants to completely redesign the proposal. Srinivasan asked the applicants to refine the use materials and color in the proposal, and to reconsider the use of the sand-struck brick. The applicants were invited to present a revised proposal at a later date.
LPC: 456 Greenwich Street, Manhattan (17-2567) (Aug. 3, 2015) (Architects: Stephen B. Jacobs Group).
By: Jesse Denno (Jesse is a full-time staff writer at the Center for NYC Law)


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NA 062 Materials Testing Standards Committee
The materials testing standards committee within DIN is responsible for the development of standards for test methods and terminology as well as for specific subject matters also for basic standards and product standards for a large number of materials, among other things for - metals - building materials - non-metallic inorganic materials (e.g. materials for semiconductor technology, ceramics, carbon, graphite, advanced technical ceramics, natural stone and glass) - organic materials (e.g. paper, board, elastomers, adhesives, textiles, leather, petroleum, gases and solid fuels) - nuclear technology - test methods independent from the kind of material (e.g. non-destructive testing) and - specialities (e.g. explosives, fire works, articles and nanotechnologies). The materials testing standards committee coordinates the German participation in European (CEN) and International (ISO) Standardization and holds the secretariats of European and International standards committees in selected fields.