:::MENU:::
Prevent use of Offline Files folder
Disables the Offline Files folder. This setting disables the "View Files" button on the Offline Files tab. As a result users cannot use the Offline Files folder to view or open copies of network files stored on their computer. Also they cannot use the folder to view characteristics of offline files such as their server status type or location. This setting does not prevent users from working offline or from saving local copies of files available offline. Also it does not prevent them from using other programs such as Windows Explorer to view their offline files. This setting appears in the Computer Configuration and User Configuration folders. If both settings are configured the setting in Computer Configuration takes precedence over the setting in User Configuration. Tip: To view the Offline Files Folder in Windows Explorer on the Tools menu click Folder Options click the Offline Files tab and then click "View Files. "
Additional Information
 1. Registry path is:
 HKEY_CURRENT_USER -> Software -> Policies -> Microsoft -> Windows -> NetCache # NoCacheViewer
 2. The Administrative Template path is:
 Network -> Offline Files
Notes
* Making mistakes while changing registry values can affect your system adversely. We recommend you to create a System Restore point before making registry manipulation. If you're new to Registry Editor, read this beginner's guide.
** To locate the registry and administrative template path, checkout beginner's guide.
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This lesson covers fixed splitting of the second heart sound. The separation of the two components of the second heart sound remains constant during both inspiration and expiration. In this recording, the splitting is sixty milliseconds. Fixed splitting of the second heart sound (along with murmurs) indicates the presence of an atrial septal defect. This is a congenital heart defect wherein the intra-atrial septum is incompletely formed, resulting in a hole between the left and right atria. In this simulated heart sound, we have eliminated the murmurs so that you can concentrate on the fixed splitting of the second heart sound.


text:
Subspace is a metaphor for the state the submissive's mind and body are in during a deeply involving play scene. Many types of BDSM play invoke strong physical responses such as extended adrenalin surges that can cause exhaustion. The mental aspect of BDSM also causes many submissives to separate themselves mentally from their environment as they process the experience. Deep subspace is often characterized as a state of deep recession and incoherence. Many submissives require aftercare.
During the scene, the intense experiences of both pain and pleasure trigger a sympathetic nervous system response, which causes a release of epinephrine from the suprarenal glands, as well as a dump of endorphins and enkephalins. These natural chemicals, part of the fight or flight response, produce the same effect as a morphine-like drug, increasing the pain tolerance of the submissive as the scene becomes more intense. Producing a sort of trance-like state due to the increase of hormones and chemicals, the submissive starts to feel out-of-body, detached from reality, and as the high comes down, and the parasympathetic nervous system kicks in, a deep exhaustion, as well as incoherence. Many submissives once reaching a height of subspace will lose all sensation of pain, as any stimuli causes the period to prolong.
|This page uses content from Wikipedia; the original article can be viewed here.|

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Musée des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Entrance of the museum
The Musée des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux is the fine arts museum of the city of Bordeaux, France. Established in 1801 by the painter Pierre Lacour,[1] it is one of the largest art galleries of France outside Paris. The museum is housed in a dependency of the Palais Rohan in central Bordeaux. Its collections regroup paintings, sculptures and drawings. The painting collection is the largest one and its strong points are works by French and Dutch painters. The museum holds several paintings that were looted by the French during the French revolution (so-called'saisies révolutionnaires') and were never returned to their lawful owners such as the Martyrdom of Saint Georges by Peter Paul Rubens.[2]
Expansion plans[edit]
In 2009, plans for a new museum building designed by David Chipperfield were launched. Originally due to open in 2018, the €55 million project was later pushed back until 2020. The expansion was necessary not least because more space is required to take up a promised donation of 663 works by Tsuguharu Foujita.[3]
Painting Collection[edit]
Here is a list of some of the painters represented in the museum collections:
External links[edit]
Coordinates: 44°50′15″N 0°34′52″W / 44.8374°N 0.5810°W / 44.8374; -0.5810


text:
Date: December 2009
Creator: Myers, Joyce Eady
Description: The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which faith-based preschools promote spiritual development in preschoolers. The participants in the study were faith-based early childhood teachers and administrators from seven states. Early childhood professionals representing 11 Christian faith traditions completed written surveys or online surveys. A total of 201 faith-based educators completed the survey; 20 respondents participated in semi-structured interviews. The concurrent triangulation mixed-method design provided data on 8 program dimensions which support children's spiritual development: prayer, Bible literacy, worship, building character, service opportunities, assessment, parental involvement and context. I analyzed quantitative data using descriptive and inferential statistics. All items were examined using mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentages. Qualitative data gathered from semi-structured interviews were coded and analyzed using NVivo8® qualitative analysis software (QSR International, Inc., Cambridge, MA, _URL_). From this data I identified the extent to which faith-based preschool programs support children's spiritual development through the practices of prayer, Bible literacy, worship, building character, service opportunities, assessment, parental involvement and context. Data analyses revealed statistically significant differences in faith-based teachers' hours of training in children's spiritual development across all program practice dimensions. A key finding of the study was that training in children's spiritual development...
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries


WordCmp.com
molecule vs supermolecule
supermolecule vs molecule
molecule and supermolecule both are nouns.
Word NounAdjectiveVerbAdverb
molecule Yes No No No
supermolecule Yes No No No
As nouns, supermolecule is a hyponym of molecule; that is, supermolecule is a word with a more specific, narrower meaning than molecule:
 - molecule: (physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound
 - supermolecule: any very large complex molecule; found only in plants and animals
molecule (noun) supermolecule (noun)
(physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound any very large complex molecule; found only in plants and animals
(nontechnical usage) a tiny piece of anything
Difference between molecule and supermolecule
© WordCmp.com 2024, CC-BY 4.0 / CC-BY-SA 3.0.


Influence of task complexity on movement planning and release after stroke: insights from startReact
Hyunglae Lee*, Claire Honeycutt, Eric Perreault
*Corresponding author for this work
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
2 Scopus citations
Abstract
The capacity to plan movement following stroke is diminished when reaching from a standing position. Two mechanisms have been proposed: increased task complexity compared to simpler tasks and inhibition between the pathways controlling whole-body posture and upper extremity reaching. The objective of this study was to determine if task complexity alone can alter planning and release (or involuntary execution) capacity when whole-body postural adjustment is not required. Data were collected from 10 stroke survivors and 8 age-matched controls. Ballistic elbow extension movements were performed with and without voluntary shoulder abduction, adding complexity by anti-gravity arm support that enhanced the expression of abnormal muscle synergies linking elbow and shoulder after stroke. Our primary finding was in support of our hypothesis that startReact (involuntary release of planned movement by a startling stimulus) would be intact but that the increased task complexity would decrease the capacity to plan and release movement. StartReact was intact for both tasks with and without shoulder abduction. Despite the intact startReact response across both conditions following stroke, the incidence of startReact was decreased during the shoulder abduction task similar to prior studies showing a decrease during tasks of higher complexity. Our results suggest that individuals with stroke have a diminished capacity to plan and release movement as task complexity increases. This study highlights the unique potential for startReact to be used as a clinical tool to probe the capacity to plan and release movement following stroke and how that capacity is affected by the complexity of the task being performed. Such a tool may be useful for assessing functional impairments and tracking changes during the rehabilitation process.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1765-1774
Number of pages10
JournalExperimental Brain Research
Volume240
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - Jun 2022
Keywords
 - Abnormal muscle synergies
 - Reaching
 - StartReact
 - Startle
 - Stroke
 - Task complexity
ASJC Scopus subject areas
 - General Neuroscience
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text:
Celebrate Black History Month: African-American Monuments in New York City's Parks
Thursday, February 14, 2013
9:00 a.m.–5:00 p.m.
This event repeats between and.
Please note: This event has already taken place. Please use the Search options on the right to find upcoming events.
The monuments in our parks honor the heights of human achievement and the depths of human sacrifice. They are intended in permanent form to commemorate persons, events and values of lasting consequence to the evolution of our city, nation and the world, and to our advancement as a people.
In honor of Black History Month, this exhibition examines those monuments in the Parks collection that honor key African-American figures in the arts, sport, the military, science, and the abolition movement and who are preserved in our collective memory. Also remembered are the many thousands of anonymous people who, until emancipation, did not have the rights of citizenship and were enslaved.


Kai Niemi
Kai Niemi's Blog
Kai Niemi's Blog
Common Table Expressions in CockroachDB
Common Table Expressions in CockroachDB
Using multi-statement CTEs and implicit transactions with Spring Data JDBC
Kai Niemi's photo
Kai Niemi
·Apr 28, 2022·
4 min read
A Common Table Expression (CTE) is a named result set of a query that exist temporarily for use within the context of a larger query. CTEs are used to increase the readability of complex queries by decomposition and reusable blocks. Recursive CTEs can be used to traverse graphs and trees and so on.
CTEs can also be used to execute data-modifying, multi-statement implicit transactions, for example when combining several INSERT and UPDATE statements into one logical unit of operation. This saves roundtrips over the network to the database and you can also leverage automatic retries in CockroachDB if the workload is contended.
This article will use Spring Data JDBC to demonstrate this capability in a conceptual way.
Example Code
The code examples in this post are available in Github.
Introduction
Let's use a simple write-only use case where we have just two entities or tables - accounts and transactions:
create table t_account
(
 id int not null default unique_rowid(),
 balance float not null,
 creation_time timestamptz not null default clock_timestamp(),
 primary key (id)
);
create table t_transaction
(
 id int not null default unique_rowid(),
 account_id int not null,
 amount float not null,
 transaction_type string not null default 'generic',
 transaction_status string not null default 'pending',
 creation_time timestamptz not null default clock_timestamp(),
 primary key (id)
);
alter table if exists t_transaction
 add constraint fk_transaction_ref_account
 foreign key (account_id)
 references t_account (id);
The statements involved in our business transaction would then be:
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO t_transaction (
 id,
 account_id,
 amount,
 transaction_type,
 transaction_status)
VALUES (unique_rowid(), ?, ?, ?, ?);
UPDATE t_account SET balance=balance+? WHERE id=?;
COMMIT;
The CTE approach for the above would be:
WITH x AS (
INSERT INTO t_transaction (
 id,
 account_id,
 amount,
 transaction_type,
 transaction_status)
VALUES (unique_rowid(), ?, ?, ?, ?) RETURNING account_id)
 UPDATE t_account SET balance=balance+? WHERE id=? RETURNING NOTHING
As you can see it's an implicit transaction with no BEGIN and COMMIT that signifies and explicit transaction. In CockroachDB you can also see this in the DB console at the statement statistics page.
Implementation
To use CTEs in Java you need to use JDBC. While it's common to use ORMs like JPA with Hibernate these days, neither the JPA query language (JPQL) or programmatic Criteria API support CTEs. Other frameworks may have such capabilities, but its always fine to use JDBC along side with any data access framework.
Configuring the Datasource
To leverage CTEs the best way you want to run them as implicit transactions, as in auto-commit mode. It's common to disable auto-commit and let the transaction manager and it's interceptor apply the explicit transaction markers based on the propagation attributes of the @Transactional annotation.
Here we enable auto-commit's on our Hikari connection pool datasource (for clarity):
 @Bean
 public HikariDataSource hikariDataSource() {
 HikariDataSource ds = properties
 .initializeDataSourceBuilder()
 .type(HikariDataSource.class)
 .build();
 ds.setMaximumPoolSize(50);// Should be: cluster_total_vcpu * 4 / total_pool_number
 ds.setMinimumIdle(25); // Should be maxPoolSize for fixed-sized pool
 ds.setAutoCommit(true);
 ds.addDataSourceProperty("reWriteBatchedInserts", "true");
 ds.addDataSourceProperty("application_name", "Spring Boot CTE");
 return ds;
 }
Thats pretty much it and the rest is just using JDBC as its normally used with Spring and its mechanisms.
Business Service
Spring provides the JdbcTemplate that makes using JDBC really easy.
You can use it directly in the service bean or in a repository implementation. In this example, we use the template directly in the service:
 @Override
 @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.NOT_SUPPORTED)
 public void createTransaction(TransactionEntity singleton) {
 Assert.isTrue(!TransactionSynchronizationManager.isActualTransactionActive(), "Transaction not expected!");
 jdbcTemplate.update(
 "WITH x AS ( "
 + "INSERT INTO t_transaction ( "
 + " id, "
 + " account_id, "
 + " amount, "
 + " transaction_type, "
 + " transaction_status) "
 + "VALUES (unique_rowid(), ?, ?, ?, ?) RETURNING account_id) "
 + " UPDATE t_account SET balance=balance+? WHERE id=?",
 ps -> {
 int i = 1;
 ps.setLong(i++, singleton.getAccountId());
 ps.setDouble(i++, singleton.getAmount());
 ps.setString(i++, singleton.getTransactionType());
 ps.setString(i++, singleton.getTransactionStatus());
 ps.setDouble(i++, singleton.getAmount());
 ps.setLong(i++, singleton.getAccountId());
 });
 }
One thing to point out is that the transaction propagation attribute is set to NOT_SUPPORTED since we want our CTE to run in auto-commit mode. If for any reason there is a transaction in progress, it will be surfaced. You can of course still run CTEs in explicit mode as well.
@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.NOT_SUPPORTED)
Conclusions
Common table expressions are helpful for complex queries, recursive use cases and to save roundtrips to the database in contrast to batching. It's not supported in JPA or Hibernate, but you can still use JDBC in combination to leverage this feature.

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'')) -> ((f :*: g) a -> (f' :*: g') a' -> (f'' :*: g'') a'' -> (f''' :*: g''') a''') inProd3 h (Prod p) = inProd2 (h p) -- | A handy combining form. See '(***#)' for an sample use. ($*) :: (a -> b, a' -> b') -> (a,a') -> (b,b') ($*) = uncurry (***) -- | Combine two binary functions into a binary function on pairs (***#) :: (a -> b -> c) -> (a' -> b' -> c') -> (a, a') -> (b, b') -> (c, c') h ***# h' = \ as bs -> (h,h') $* as $* bs -- (uncurry (***)) . (h *** h') -- \ as bs -> uncurry (***) ((h *** h') as) bs -- \ as bs -> (h *** h') as $* bs -- \ (a,a') (b,b') -> (h a b, h' a' b') -- instance (Monoid a, Monoid b) => Monoid (a,b) where -- mempty = (mempty, mempty) -- mappend = mappend ***# mappend instance (Monoid_f f, Monoid_f g) => Monoid_f (f :*: g) where mempty_f = Prod (mempty_f,mempty_f) mappend_f = inProd2 (mappend_f ***# mappend_f) instance (Functor f, Functor g) => Functor (f :*: g) where fmap h = inProd (fmap h *** fmap h) instance (Applicative f, Applicative g) => Applicative (f :*: g) where pure a = Prod (pure a, pure a) (<*>) = inProd2 (\ (f,g) (a,b) -> (f <*> a, g <*> b)) {---------------------------------------------------------- Binary constructor pairing ----------------------------------------------------------} -- | Pairing of binary type constructors newtype (f ::*:: g) a b = Prodd { unProdd :: (f a b, g a b) } deriving (Show, Eq, Ord) -- | Handy infix & curried 'Prodd' (*::*) :: f a b -> g a b -> (f ::*:: g) a b (*::*) = curry Prodd -- -- Remove the next three when GHC can derive them (6.8). -- instance (Show (f a b, g a b)) => Show ((f ::*:: g) a b) where -- show (Prodd p) = "Prod " ++ show p -- instance (Eq (f a b, g a b)) => Eq ((f ::*:: g) a b) where -- Prodd p == Prodd q = p == q -- instance (Ord (f a b, g a b)) => Ord ((f ::*:: g) a b) where -- Prodd p < Prodd q = p < q -- | Apply binary function inside of @f :*: g@ representation. inProdd :: ((f a b, g a b) -> (f' a' b', g' a' b')) -> ((f ::*:: g) a b -> (f' ::*:: g') a' b') inProdd = unProdd ~> Prodd -- | Apply binary function inside of @f :*: g@ representation. inProdd2 :: ((f a b, g a b) -> (f' a' b', g' a' b') -> (f'' a'' b'', g'' a'' b'')) -> ((f ::*:: g) a b -> (f' ::*:: g') a' b' -> (f'' ::*:: g'') a'' b'') inProdd2 h (Prodd p) = inProdd (h p) #if __GLASGOW_HASKELL__ >= 609 instance (Category f, Category f') => Category (f ::*:: f') where id = Prodd (id,id) (.) = inProdd2 ((.) ***# (.)) #endif instance (Arrow f, Arrow f') => Arrow (f ::*:: f') where arr = Prodd . (arr &&& arr) #if __GLASGOW_HASKELL__ < 609 (>>>) = inProdd2 ((>>>) ***# (>>>)) #endif first = inProdd (first *** first ) second = inProdd (second *** second) (***) = inProdd2 ((***) ***# (***) ) (&&&) = inProdd2 ((&&&) ***# (&&&) ) {---------------------------------------------------------- Arrow between /two/ constructor applications ----------------------------------------------------------} -- | Arrow-like type between type constructors (doesn't enforce @Arrow -- (~>)@ here). newtype Arrw j f g a = Arrw { unArrw :: f a 'j' g a } -- deriving Monoid -- For ghc-6.6, use the "deriving" above, but for 6.8 use the "deriving" below. deriving instance Monoid (f a 'j' g a) => Monoid (Arrw j f g a) -- Replace with generalized bijection? -- toArrw :: Arrow j => (f a ~> b) -> (c ~> g a) -> ((b ~> c) -> Arrw j f g a) -- toArrw fromF toG h = Arrw (fromF >>> h >>> toG) -- fromArrw :: Arrow j => (b ~> f a) -> (g a ~> c) -> (Arrw j f g a -> (b ~> c)) -- fromArrw toF fromG (Arrw h') = toF >>> h' >>> fromG -- | Apply unary function inside of @Arrw@ representation. inArrw :: ((f a 'j' g a) -> (f' a' 'j' g' a')) -> ((Arrw j f g) a -> (Arrw j f' g') a') inArrw = unArrw ~> Arrw -- | Apply binary function inside of @Arrw j f g@ representation. inArrw2 :: ((f a 'j' g a) -> (f' a' 'j' g' a') -> (f'' a'' 'j' g'' a'')


text:
Build ramps, build jumps and then send your skater flying with the Skate Park Building Set. This unique engineering and design challenge helps sharpen critical thinking, problem solving, and STEM skills as little ones create the skate park of their dreams. Engineer it and then engineer it again with the included activity cards that help guide the process.
Learning Styles: Tactile, Visual
Skill Development: Problem solving, Following directions, Fine motor skills, Eye-hand coordination, Sequential thought, Critical thinking, Spatial relationships, Creativity, Early engineering
43-Piece set activity cards
**Longest ramp measures 10' x 2'
**Grade K +

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
In recent years, nontraditional investors have become a major player in the startup ecosystem. Under the regulatory regime of U.S. securities law, those in the public realm are heavily regulated, while those in the private realm are largely left alone. This public-private divide, which is a fundamental organizing principle of securities law, has eroded with the rise of nontraditional investors. While legal scholars have addressed the impact of some of these nontraditional investors individually, their collective impact on deal terms, deal timelines, due diligence, and board configuration has not been discussed in a holistic manner; neither has their impact on the investor landscape and securities law. This Article provides the first descriptive account of nontraditional investors throughout startups' lifecycles and the normative implications of their participation in the venture capital ecosystem. Ultimately, nontraditional investors helped to facilitate the rise of unicorns which contributed to the "breakdown" of the public-private divide, with the attendant problems related to investor protection, corporate governance, valuation bubbles, and the like. Once thought of as outliers, nontraditional investors have influenced the venture capital market and the ways in which deals were conducted in significant ways. They drove capital investment trends and created an increasingly competitive deal environment in venture capital. Outsized funds became the norm, and the size and valuation of venture capital deals at each stage of a startup grew ever larger. In some cases, it led to less investor oversight and due diligence. Although one of the hallmarks of venture capital investors is their hands-on approach, that is not the case for all of the nontraditional investors. Board dynamics and economics and control – the two underlying principles of venture capital deals – shifted in favor of the founders as nontraditional investors proliferated and the economy remained strong. However, the recent economic downturn has led to a recalibration of nontraditional investors' influence. In this environment, founders are no longer able to dictate the terms of venture capital financings, the investment pace has slowed, and while some nontraditional investors may retreat and reassess, their influence in the venture capital ecosystem will continue to reverberate in the years to come.
© 2022 Brigham Young University Law Review
Jennifer S. Fan,
48 BYU L. Rev.
Available at: _URL_


DOC HOME SITE MAP MAN PAGES GNU INFO SEARCH

gdc(ADMN)
gdc -- operational user interface for gated
Syntax
gdc [ -q ] [ -t seconds ] command
Description
gdc provides a user-oriented interface for the operation of the gated(ADMN) routing daemon. It provides support for starting and stopping the daemon, for the delivery of signals to manipulate the daemon when it is operating, for the maintenance and syntax checking of configuration files, and for the production and removal of state dumps and core dumps. gdc can reliably determine gated's running state and can produce a reliable exit status when errors occur, making it advantageous for use in shell scripts which manipulate gated. Commands executed using gdc and, optionally, error messages produced by the execution of those commands, are logged via the same syslogd(ADM) facility which gated itself uses, providing an audit trail of operations performed on the daemon.
The command-line options are:
-q
Run quietly. With this option, informational messages which are normally printed to the standard output are suppressed and error messages are logged via syslogd(ADM) instead of being printed to the standard error output. This is often convenient when running gdc from a shell script.
-t
Specifies the time in seconds which gdc will spend waiting for gated to complete certain operations, in particular at termination and startup. By default this value is set to 10 seconds.
The following commands cause signals to be delivered to gated for various purposes:
COREDUMP
Send an abort signal to gated, causing it to terminate with a core dump.
dump
Signal gated to dump its current state into the file /usr/tmp/gated.dump.
interface
Signal gated to recheck the interface configuration. gated normally does this periodically in any event, but the facility can be used to force the daemon to check interface status immediately when changes are known to have occurred.
KILL
Cause gated to terminate ungracefully. Normally useful when the daemon has hung.
reconfig
Signal gated to reread its configuration file, reconfiguring its current state as appropriate.
term
Signal gated to terminate after shutting down all operating routing protocols gracefully. Executing this command a second time should cause gated to terminate even if some protocols have not yet fully shut down.
toggletrace
If gated is currently tracing to a file, cause tracing to be suspended and the trace file to be closed. If gated tracing is currently suspended, cause the trace file to be reopened and tracing initiated. This is useful for moving trace files.
By default, gated obtains its configuration from a file normally named /etc/gated.conf. The gdc program also maintains several other versions of the configuration file, in particular named:
/etc/gated.conf+
The new configuration file. When gdc is requested to install a new configuration file, /etc/gated.conf+ is renamed /etc/gated.conf.
/etc/gated.conf-
The old configuration file. When gdc is requested to install a new configuration file, the previous /etc/gated.conf is renamed to /etc/gated.conf-.
/etc/gated.conf--
The really old configuration file. gdc retains the previous old configuration file under this name.
The following commands perform operations related to configuration files:
checkconf
Check /etc/gated.conf for syntax errors. This is usefully done after changes to the configuration file but before sending a reconfig signal to the currently running gated, to ensure that there are no errors in the configuration which would cause the running gated to terminate on reconfiguration. When this command is used, gdc issues an informational message indicating whether there were parse errors or not, and if so saves the error output in a file for inspection.
checknew
Like checkconf except that the new configuration file, /etc/gated.conf+, is checked instead.
newconf
Move the /etc/gated.conf+ file into place as /etc/gated.conf, retaining the older versions of the file as described above. gdc will decline to do anything when given this command if the new configuration file doesn't exist or otherwise looks suspect.
backout
Rotate the configuration files in the newer direction, in effect moving the old configuration file to /etc/gated.conf. The command will decline to perform the operation if /etc/gated.conf- doesn't exist or is zero length, or if the operation would delete an existing, non-zero length /etc/gated.conf+ file.
BACKOUT
Perform a backout operation even if /etc/gated.conf+ exists and is of non-zero length.
modeconf
Set all configuration files to mode 664, owner root, group gdmaint. This allows a trusted non-root user to modify the configuration files.
createconf
If /etc/gated.conf+ does not exist, create a zero length file with the file mode set to 664, owner root, group gdmaint. This allows a trusted non-root user to install a new configuration file.
The following commands provide support for starting and stopping gated and for determining its running state:
running
Determine if gated is currently running. This is done by checking to see if gated has a lock on the file containing its pid, if the pid in the file is sensible and if there is a running process with that pid. Exits with zero status if gated is running, non-zero otherwise.
start
Start gated. The command returns an error if gated is already running. Otherwise, it executes the gated binary and waits for up to the delay interval (10 seconds by default, as set with the -t option otherwise) until the newly started process obtains a lock on the pid file. A non-zero exit status is returned if an error is detected while executing the binary, or if a lock is not obtained on the pid file within the specified wait time.
stop
Stop gated, gracefully if possible, ungracefully if not. The command returns an error (with non-zero exit status) if gated is not currently running. Otherwise, it sends a terminate signal to gated and waits for up to the delay interval (10 seconds by default, as specified with the -t option otherwise) for the process to exit. Should gated fail to exit within the delay interval, it is then signaled again with a second terminate signal. Should it fail to exit by the end of the second delay interval, it is signaled for a third time with a kill signal. This should force immediate termination unless something is very broken. The command terminates with zero exit status when it detects that gated has terminated, non-zero otherwise.
restart
If gated is running, it is terminated via the same procedure as is used for the stop command above. When the previous gated terminates, or if it was not running prior to command execution, a new gated process is executed using the procedures described for the start command above. A non-zero exit status is returned if any step in this procedure appears to have failed.
The following commands allow the removal of files created by the execution of some of the commands above:
rmcore
Removes any existing gated core dump file.
rmdump
Removes any existing gated state dump file.
rmparse
Removes the parse error file generated when a checkconf or checknew command is executed and syntax errors are encountered in the configuration file being checked.
Limitations
Many commands only work when gated is installed in the system directory it was configured with.
Files
/etc/gated
the gated binary
/etc/gated.conf
current gated configuration file
/etc/gated.conf+
newer configuration file
/etc/gated.conf-
older configuration file
/etc/gated.conf--
much older configuration file
/etc/gated.pid
where gated stores its pid
/usr/tmp/gated.dump
gated's state dump file
/usr/tmp/%s_parse
where configuration file parse errors go
/usr/tmp
where gated drops its core file
See also
gated(ADMN), gated.conf(SFF), ripquery(ADMN), syslog(SLIB)
© 2003 Caldera International, Inc. All rights reserved.
SCO OpenServer Release 5.0.7 -- 11 February 2003


text:
It might look fairly simple to install a floor tile from online tutorials, so simple that you would like to Do It Yourself. But even if you are an amateur, you can become little of a professional installer. All that is required is little planning and preparation. Scroll this article down and learn how to lay down a decent looking floor with floor heating Toronto by heavenly heat step by step guide:
Step 1: Prepare the subfloor: If you plan to install floor tiles, you need to prepare the floor first by removing debris and other unwanted materials and cleaning it. You can make the surface imperfection free by patching with a waterproof patching compound. If you plan to install tiles over wood then, ensure that that the subfloor is 1.5 inches thick. You can make the subfloor thicker by adding a concrete backer board which is available in 1/4″ or 1/2″ thickness.
Step 2: Make the floor layout: The secret of the good looking floor is the proper layout. Use chalk lines, snap lines with 90-degree intersection at the room center can make the lines straight. You need to form a 90-degree angle with tile. You can correct the gap between the last tile and the wall by adjusting tiles.
Step 3: Mixing mortar: Store mortar at 50 to 70-degree temperature. Mix water into the mortar to get the ideal medium consistency. Use the mix within 30 minutes of being prepared.
Step 4: Apply mortar: Apply mortar using the flat side of the trowel first. Then, spread the mortar uniformly by using notch trowel at a 45-degree angle. Spread the mortar within 15 minutes. Maintain the same mortar height by applying it horizontally.
Step 5: Install tiles: Press the tile unto the mortar by hitting with a rubber mallet for proper adherence. Let the mortar dry for 24 hours undisturbed. Use tile spacers between each tile. Remove excess adhesives from the tiles.
Step 6: Cut the tiles if needed: If required, cut the tiles in the last line. You can use nipper or wet saw for cutting. Avoid centerpieces of the tiles.
Step 7: Consolidating the joints: Once the tiles are in place and set up to 24 hours, now is the time to fill the gaps and consolidate the joint. Mix the stand until all pigments are dispersed and a uniform color is obtained. This mixture is to be applied within 20 minutes. Use a grout float to apply on the joints. Remove excess grout with the help of a sponge.
Step 8: Grout sealing: Though optional, this step will give a more lasting effect by floor heating Toronto by heavenly heat. Seal the grout at least 72 hours after it has been applied. This will reduce the amount of water seeping below the floor tile and wipe the excess sealer with a dry cloth.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Historical Dictionary of the George W. Bush Era (Historical Dictionaries of U.S. Politics and Political Eras)
- Publish Date: 2009-10-01
- Binding: Hardcover
- Author: Richard S. Conley
The Historical Dictionary of the George W. Bush Era details the key events and major trends that defined the 43rd president of the United States from 2001-2008. The dictionary comprises detailed entries on important personalities, including the president, his advisors, his family, his opponents, and his critics, as well as members of Congress, military leaders, and international leaders. Other entries summarize important events, including those connected to the War on Terror, the War in Afghanistan, and the War in Iraq, as well as significant legislation and prominent policy issues.
Detailed chronologies track major events during Bush's presidency, including the 2000 election and Hurricane Katrina. The appendixes furnish data and graphics on Bush's advisors and cabinet, presidential success in Congress, vetoes, presidential approval, troop levels in Iraq, and military and civilian casualties in Iraq and Afghanistan. The extensive bibliography provides an invaluable resource for additional reading and research. This book is a vital reference tool for any researcher interested in the presidency of George W. Bush.


text:
The warning, which extends across much of Colorado's Eastern Plains, is set to last until 7 p.m. Wednesday due to expected strong, gusty winds and low relative humidity increasing the possibility of fires starting and spreading quickly.
During a Red Flag Warning, no open burning is allowed.
"A Red Flag Warning means that critical fire weather conditions are either occurring now or will occur shortly," the NWS warning stated. "A combination of strong winds, low relative humidities and dry fuels can contribute to extreme fire behavior. If a fire is started or ongoing, the potential for it to potential for it to rapidly spread is high."
For more information, visit the National Weather Service website and search for your ZIP code.


Also known as Chaliponga. One of the most important principle admixtures of Ayahuasca or Yagé said "to heighten and lengthen" the drinks inebriation. Direct import from Peru. (28 grams dried leaves) In the westernmost Colombian Amazonia the leaves are often used as additives in the preparation of Ayahuasca Banisteriopsis caapi. The Sionas use this species to 'enhance the visions' to 'bring them into focus and bring about longer duration'. The term 'Oco' in all Tukanoan languages means 'water'. This plant was formerly known as Banisteriopsis rusbyana.
Diplopterys cabrerana leaves
€ 12.50 ($ 15.63)
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About The Project
What is the purpose of the Tally?
The Turtle Tally project was initiated and developed at the end of 2018. The aim was to research the topic of released pet terrapins in the UK as there was little available. The idea was to provide a survey that could be accessed by the general public to upload photos and information on terrapins seen whilst out and about similar to other wildlife citizen science projects. Terrapins (freshwater turtles) are widespread across Europe and released pets have had an impact on those populations due to competition for food and basking sites. The European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) was native here circa 8000 years ago but due to climatic changes they became extinct (although remnant populations are noted) so there are no native freshwater terrapins in the UK. Unlike in Europe, where released terrapins out-compete native species, this is not a factor here in the UK but we are uncertain of how these released pets impact the environment and what the welfare considerations are for them. Our research is evolving and we are investigating various related factors in this topic to provide evidence informing future decision making regarding these turtles and their welfare.
Using the locations and information that people provide, we can see if there are correlations between urban areas and release sites, the numbers seen in one sighting and types of habitat. This is purely an observational study so we are using the data to map out locations and linking with other groups and organisations, working on research that may help conserve native fauna and flora and the terrapins themselves. If you have any queries regarding the research, please do send an email using the 'Get in touch' link.
National Centre for Reptile Welfare and Hadlow College,
Kent TN11 0AN.
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©2020 by Turtle Tally UK


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PLC-based control of marine engine room monitoring system and its software 0 replies,1321 views
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1 Introduction of modern marine equipment systems increasingly high performance, modular structure. Marine Engine Room Monitoring System in ocean-going vessels is a necessary system, and its relationship to ocean-going vessels is safe, reliable operation. 1 Introduction It is becoming increasingly modern ships high performance equipment systems, modular structure. Marine Engine Room Monitoring System in ocean-going vessels is a necessary system, and its relationship to ocean-going vessels is safe, reliable operation. It can reliably and accurately monitor the cabin of running a variety of power equipment and operating parameters. Operating equipment failure, can automatically audible alarm and the alarm print records. It also periodically print the relevant operating parameters tab. Cabin in the automation equipment running status, operational parameters and fault alarm are focused on the control room monitor screen, the engineers do not have to go visit the cabin, can be learned in a centralized control room operational status of all equipment and parameter values, which can reduce the labor intensity of engine management to improve working conditions, to detect the operation of equipment failures, improve equipment reliability. Therefore, this article introduces the PLC-based control of ocean-going ship engine room monitoring system, and developed a **** configuration environment. 2, ocean-going ship equipment system introduced by the host system, the purifier systems, oil tanks systems, air compressor systems, steering systems, boiler systems, waste oil incinerators, generators, emergency generator systems and subsystems of the pump and other equipment Each device is running 24 hours a day, such as host, the host system is the heart of the ship, the host must ensure that during the voyage, reliable, stable operation. During this period, the monitoring system requires time to monitor the speed of the host system, cooling water temperature, fuel temperature, the import and export, import and export of oil temperature, exhaust temperature, and the host, these parameters are related to 4-20mA, 600 ?and the temperature signal over the temperature below 600 ?signal, signal a wide range, increased system complexity. Framework of the system shown in Figure 1. Figure 1, the composition engine room alarm system to monitor various types of sensors (switch ,4-20mA, PT100, heat resistance, etc.) collecting various kinds of signals, and stop these signals into the display unit (PC LCD), in the display display the current value of each monitoring channel; once occurred more limited monitoring the situation the alarm signal is sent to Yan Shen alarm control unit, printing unit and the alarm recording control unit, which unit can instantly print print record of each parameter value alarm ; alarm control unit and start the engine room control room speakers, to draw the engine management; the same time, starting Yanshen alarm device, and in public places, the chief engineer room, rooms, and so the output duty engineer sound and light alarm signals; on the bridge alarm monitor as there are sound and light tips on the output. Main power and emergency power supply with self-test function; in the event of an alarm system, you can answer in the control room, muffler eliminate flash. 3 sets of hardware implementation of the monitoring system including the host of a 14-cylinder, three generators, a boiler, a burning furnace, two sets of the main air compressor and a steering operation parameters and parameter detection and alarm display , and other equipment operating status indication. 118 were detected, the system analog, 128 switch. To do this using the S7-200CN PLC 226 controller as a total system and to expand 7 16I / O ?EM223 CN digital modules, analog acquisition module and the PLC with Advantech ADAM pass through 485; monitoring study using PC China embedded computer UNO-2160, by way of the formation of a PPI network to achieve real-time monitoring of engine room equipment. The system architecture diagram, shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 Marine Engine Room Monitoring System Based on PLC frame diagram of the system in the monitoring and alarm work, the amount of all switch modules are the Siemens S7-200CN PLC expansion module EM223 CN gathering input, the amount of three types of analog 4-20mA, 600 ?temperature above signal and the temperature below 600 ?ADAM collected by the input signal, through the 485 bus into the Siemens S7-200CN PLC, the PLC in a centralized manner, and then sent to the host computer and other equipment, such as lights, speakers and so on. In addition, the external button to send orders through the Siemens S7-200CN PLC to issue control commands, start, stop various types of pumps and other appropriate equipment. As an ocean-going vessels is essential to run the system, the main with the following features: (1) failure alarm: when the system failure is detected, the system audible and visual alarm, in response, the system stops the sound output, light plain; eliminate alarm, the indicator light off. (2) Data display and alarm indication: the software interface in the system can access the current values of the parameters to be monitored and displayed in different colors or not the normal parameters. (3) Print record: record of an alarm system connected with the printer, when an alarm, the system also starts the printer, print the current alarm, easy access to engine management, and log records. (4) Delay Alarm: When the temperature or level of production such as alarm, the system delays a few seconds, the alarm output, easy to false alarms. (5) Locking Alarm: This function is used to repair the system, can a single check. (6) extension alarm: alarm information system can be extended to all engineers room, the alarm information sent to the appropriate engine management. (7) negligence alarm: When an alarm, not the engineers for some time to answer, the system will have a full boat alarm to alert staff on duty dereliction of duty. (8) function tests: the system has a self-test function. 4 monitoring system software in the Siemens S7-200CN PLC control logic implemented in flow chart shown in Figure 3. Marine Engine Room Monitoring System Figure 3 control logic flow chart of system **** uses the Windows platform and development environment in the configuration under the king realized. King has a visual configuration interface, a rich library, a highly flexible movie connections; have full script and graphic animation capabilities as part of the screen can be saved for later analysis or printing variable import and export functions, support real-time, historical data stored powerful scripting language distributed processing, full support for the screen releases, real-time data publishing, publishing and database of historical data to facilitate the release of the data processing recipe, rich device support library, support the common PLC equipment, intelligent instruments intelligent module features. The system software has the following functions: (1) parameter list shows, in sequence or group shows all parameters of the cabin entry. Including the parameter number, name, current value, units, the upper limit, lower limit, and alarm status. And can scroll off the continuous display. (2) chart shows the parameters to the virtual instrument displays the master / auxiliary relevant parameters. About the host of the exhaust temperature, cooling water temperature; have auxiliary generators on the pressure and temperature. (3) curve shows the relevant parameters in real time and historical points describe the curve, in which real-time curve over time in the interface description of the value of a corresponding curve; and history curves allow the operator can always see a parameter in the past 2 days, change the parameters that can be reproduced within 2 days of their working conditions. (4) police inquiry function that occurs when a more limited alarm monitoring points, the system automatically pop-up alert window, and query in the window to the monitoring points in the relevant circumstances. (5) user management, a total of three types of users of the system, namely, the system administrator user, the chief engineer the user and operator customers. One system administrator user is given the old track maintenance operations such as use of company management level, the largest of its operating authority, the user can set the chief engineer and operator users, modify the relevant parameters, such as the alarm on the floor; chief engineer of the user is to ship the old rail operating, the operating authority for the second, the parameters can be modified; operator the user is a general duty to a ship engineer to use, it can not modify the parameters and set the user permissions minimum.
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text:
The crown of the Queens of Bavaria
A little bit of history
In 1806, as part of his wholescale re-ordering of the map of Europe, Napoleon I of France upgraded the independant German Duchy to a full kingdom status. The former Duke of Bavaria, now King of Bavarie Maximillian I, commemorated the fact by commissioning a set of crown jewels for use by Bavarian monarchs.
Royal regalia of Bavaria
Included in the regalia were:
- The Crown of Bavaria – the King's crown, which was set with rubies, diamonds,
- emeralds, sapphires and pearls
- the Crown of the Queens of Bavaria, which was made for the then queen, Karoline of Baden and which contains huge pearls and large diamonds;
- The 96cms long State Sword;
- The Royal Orb – made of gols
- The 89cmslong Royal Sceptre set with brilliants, emeralds and sapphires and the top is surmounted by a small round crown.
As part of a republican Germany, Bavaria has not had a monarch since 1918 but the Bavarian Crown Jewels are still on show in the Treasury of the Residenz Palace in Munich


text:
height of a given pressure
approximates the actual height of a pressure surface above mean sea-level.
Therefore, a geopotential height observation represents the height of the
pressure surface on which the observation was taken.
A line drawn on a weather map connecting points of equal height (in meters)
is called a height contour. That means, at every point along a
given contour, the values of geopotential height are the same. An image
depicting the geopotential height field is given below.
Height contours are represented by the solid lines.
The small numbers along the contours are labels which identify the value of a
particular height contour (for example 5640 meters, 5580 meters, etc.).
This example depicts the 500 mb geopotential height field and temperatures
(color filled regions). The height field is given in meters with an
interval of 60 meters.
Geopotential height is valuable for locating
which are the upper level counterparts of
surface cyclones and


text:
A business needs to insure and store its inventory, which may over time be damaged, stolen or become obsolete. Because of the costs involved in holding inventory, a company will aim to hold the minimum amount possible while still being able to satisfy orders from its customers. The minimum inventory a company can afford to hold will depend on several factors, including the time between placing an order with a supplier and receiving it, known as the lead time.
1. Calculate the maximum lead time by checking the order and delivery dates of previous orders placed with the supplier. The minimum inventory level is equal to the maximum lead time in weeks multiplied by the maximum usage of inventory per week. From previous data, establish the maximum time it takes for the supplier to deliver an order after the company has placed it. For example, the supplier usually takes two weeks to deliver an order but occasionally takes three weeks. The maximum lead time is three weeks.
2. Calculate the company's maximum usage of inventory per week. Obtain this figure from the company's stock records, taking seasonal factors into account. For example, if the company processes 100 units of stock per week during most of the year, but in high season needs 200 units per week, the maximum usage is 200 units.
3. Multiply the maximum lead time in weeks by the maximum usage per week. In the example, multiply three weeks by 200 units, to arrive at a minimum inventory level of 600 units. This means that in high season, you'll place an order for more stock when inventory falls to 600 units. During the rest of the year the company uses 100 units per week, so the minimum inventory level is three weeks multiplied by 100 units, or 300 units.
- Stockbyte/Stockbyte/Getty Images


text:
In compliance with Section 103 of the Veterans Benefits and Transition Act of 2018, Mohawk Valley Community College will not impose the following penalties to covered individuals* due to the delayed disbursement of funding from the Department of Veteran Affairs:
- preventing nor delaying the student's enrollment,
- the assessment of late fees,
- the denial of access to any resources available to other students who have satisfied their tuition and fees bills to the institution, including but not limited to classes, libraries, or other institutional facilities,
- or require the student to secure alternative or additional funding
To qualify for this provision, such students are required to:
- Produce a Certificate of Eligibility**;
- Provide written request to be certified;
- Provide additional information needed to properly certify the enrollment as required by the Primary School Certifying Official.
This provision ends on the earlier of the following dates:
- The date on which payment from the VA is made to the institution
- 90 days after the date the institution certified tuition and fees following the receipt of the Certificate of Eligibility
*Covered individual is defined as any individual who is entitled to educational assistance under Chapter 31, Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment, or Chapter 33, Post 9/11 G.I. Bill®
**Certificate of Eligibility is defined as a Certificate of Eligibility, a Statement of Benefits, or a Tungsten Network Purchase Order.


text:
Global Leadership Activities – Pre-Program
Activity 6: Learning Service
How It Works
When traveling to other countries, we do not always realize our own personal development is connected with global development. Through this video, you will be introduced to the idea that you can responsibly "do good" in the world by learning before acting.
How You Do It
- After watching, think about the video's emphasis on the importance of learning from others, being open minded, and acting with intention while abroad.
- Reflect and write down your thoughts on the following questions:
- How do you think your personal development connected to global development?
- What goals do you have for personal and global development during your time abroad?
- What are some of the assumptions you might already be making about your host culture?
- What knowledge and skills do you think are necessary to learn before volunteering abroad?
Take Away Points
- Be ready to listen and learn during your time abroad.
- We should always be gathering knowledge and challenging assumptions.
- We must always be thinking about importance of our knowledge, skills, and attitudes when making a positive impact.


text:
Stroke Order Rules Group 4
In this Chinese character lesson we will learn Group 4 of Chinese Stroke Order Rules, and see some example Characters that apply these two rules.
- Stroke Order Rule 7: Middle Before the Two Sides.
- Stroke Order Rule 8: Stroke Order of Dot.
- What would be an example Character that applies Stroke Order Rule 7, Middle Before the Two Sides?
- What would be an example Character that applies Stroke Order Rule 8, Stroke Order of Dot?
Stroke Order Rule 7: Middle Before Two Sides
Middle Before Two Sides, 先中间后两边.
For characters that are split into two sides by a central divider, we'll write the divider first, and then the two sides. But with the two sides, we'll always start from the left side, and then the right side.
小, 永, 乖, 水
Stroke Order Rule 8: Stroke Order of Dot
The Stroke Order of the Stroke Dot 点 (Diǎn), in a character, is decided by the orientation or location of the Dot.
There are four different locations where a single Dot can be placed in a character: top center; top left; top right; or inside a frame. In situation 1 and 2, we write Dot first before anything else. And in situation 3 and 4, we write Dot last.
Situation 1. Top Middle
When the 点 sits on the top left of a character, we'll write 点 first and then the rest of the character.
Situation 2. Top Left
When 点 is in the top left. So we'll write 点 first and then the rest of the character.
Situation 3. Top Right
When 点 is in top right of a Character, we will write 点 the last.
Situation 4. Inside A Frame
When 点 sits inside a "frame", we'll write the frame first, and then finish the character with 点.


text:
This NATO Geography & Language lesson plan also includes:
- Join to access all included materials
The class receives background information on NATO, an atlas, and a blank world map. They color the original 1949 countries in red, the 1952 additions in green, and the 1990 additions in blue. This exercise would be a good starting point for teaching a activity on post WWII politics.


text:
Who are We?
The Story Sailboat is an independent bookmobile on the water that sails the San Francisco Bay area and Sacramento Delta setting a course that promotes literacy and libraries. We distribute thousands of books and install many small, easily accessible libraries through our Guerrilla Library and Book Seeding Campaigns. We want to remind people that reading is one of the most fundamental influences on in a person's life and we do this through promoting reading and libraries.
Did you know that it's estimated that 30 million people who are over 16 in the United States can't read past an elementary school level? Literacy is absolutely essential for an individual to understand information in the information age. Without basic literacy skills a person will have trouble with fully comprehending math, technology, science, and other basic subjects. A person can't apply for a job, full out an application, or use computers to further their careers. If we are to eradicate poverty at home, it begins with our workforce having a grasp on literacy skills. We want to remind people that Literacy and our library system that supports adult and child literacy is intensely important to the success of our country and improvement of ourselves.
What Is a Guerrilla Library?
A Guerrilla library is part social service and part street art installation. It can be any repurposed box, shelf space, nook, or cranny that holds books for the public to take and enjoy – for free. Discovering a library in an unexpected or repurposed space adds to excitement. There have been many versions of this in quite a few cities across the country and the world. We want to bring as many of these installations to the San Francisco Bay Area and Sacramento Delta as we can.
What is Book Seeding?
Bookseeding involves placing books in widely populated or highly trafficked areas – like subways, bus stops, coffee shops and parks. Within these books we've placed information about the importance of literacy and libraries. Not only will people find something to read and inspire them, but they will also learn about why reading is important. Book Seeding and Guerrilla Libraries let people serendipitously find something that inspires them, encouraging them to re-engage with their love of reading and libraries.
Why do it by Sailboat?
Sailing is the world's oldest green energy powered transportation. The entire Bay Area and Sacramento Delta are accessible by our little 22 foot Sailboat and the majority of the population in this area lives within a few miles of the coastline. Our boat has taken us all over the bay and has allowed us to access some otherwise hard to reach coastal communities. Our boat has taken us all over the bay and through some fairly heavy wind and weather without any trouble. In the same way, we believe that reading and literacy can help everyone weather life's tempests and come out on top.
You Can Follow Us Along the Journey
We invite you to follow along in our journey here on our website as we promote libraries and literacy throughout the Bay. We also have a page on Facebook and you can follow our more personal journeys on Twitter as PC Sweeney and Joey Elle.


text:
News Spain experiencing extreme weather this winter
Storm Filomena has brought some of the most adverse weather conditions Spain has ever seen during winter. The country has recorded its lowest ever temperature of minus 35.6 degrees centigrade in Vega de Liordes.
However, as cold as that may seem, there are places in the world that see their temperatures plummet to even harsher depths.
The coldest habitable place on earth is, in fact, in Siberia, Russia. The population of Oymyakon, currently made up of some 450 people, are exposed to average temperatures of minus 50 degrees in the month of January.
Oymyakon is the scene of the lowest temperature on record in the Northern Hemisphere, with the settlement seeing a measurement of minus 71.2 degrees on January 26, 1926.
Antarctica holds the record for the lowest temperature ever recorded, with minus 89.2 degrees recorded at the Vostok base in 1983.


text:
applicants attended school in their state of residency, whereas 17 percent went out-of-state. The mean MCAT verbal, physical science, biological science, and writing scores for 2005 applicants were 8.9, 9.1, 9.5, and P, respectively. As may be expected, the average MCAT verbal, physical science, biological science, and writing scores for accepted students were slightly higher at 9.7, 10.1, 10.4, and P, respectively. The average total GPA of applicants was 3.48, with a breakdown of an average science GPA of 3.37 and a non-science GPA of 3.60. For medical school matriculates, the average total GPA was 3.63, with a science GPA of 3.56 and a non-science GPA of 3.70.
Although all of these can numbers can seem daunting, we hope that you can use this basic information as a starting point as you consider how you can best market yourself to be accepted into the medical school that is the best fit for you.
All data is from the American Association of Medical Colleges web site: _URL_.
- Sarah Evans


Power Integrity in High Speed Digital FPGA Board
As the speed of the data signal increases, many reasons including power supply noise lead to the degradation of the high-speed signals. In low power high-speed digital interfaces, it is crucial to characterize the whole system power supply in order to minimize power supply noise in the system. High-speed design failures show up as failures at higher operating frequency, data error rates, cross talk errors, and EMI errors. The debugging of high-speed related errors may need expensive instruments, e.g. high bandwidth oscilloscope, spectrum analyzers, time domain reflectometer, to detect and understand the failure mechanism. Currently, PI engineers do Power Integrity (PI) analysis of power system to ensure proper and reliable operation using Electronic Design Automation tools (EDA) before the actual fabrication of board. This reduces board failure chances significantly and also cuts production time.
Signal integrity (SI) and PI are two distinct but related realms of analysis concerned with the proper operation of digital circuits. In SI, the main concern is to make sure that transmitted 1s looks like 1s at the receiver (and same for the 0s). In PI, the main concern is to ensure that the drivers and receivers are provided with adequate current to send and receive 1s and 0s. SI and PI analyzes concerned with the proper analog operation of digital circuits, therefore; care must be taken at the design stage itself to ensure that the design is in accordance with high-speed design rules.
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text:
Welcome to the Catalog of Bologna Process at KOU and Kurdistan Region Higher Education
The Bologna Process is an intergovernmental cooperation of 48 European countries in the field of higher education. It guides the collective effort of public authorities, universities, teachers, and students, together with stakeholder associations, employers, quality assurance agencies, international organisations, and institutions, including the European Commission, on how to improve the internationalization of higher education.
The main focus is:
the introduction of the three cycle system (bachelor/master/doctorate)
strengthened quality assurance and
easier recognition of qualifications and periods of study
For more information, contact: _EMAIL_


Oblivion:Console Command Tutorial
The UESPWiki – Your source for The Elder Scrolls since 1995
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Warning: Use console commands with caution! It is easily possible to mess up your game if you modify settings at the console. Even if short term the game functions normally, you may later discover that you have made it impossible to complete a quest and therefore you cannot proceed normally with game play; fixing that problem can then make new glitches pop up elsewhere. Create a permanent saved game before experimenting with the console. If you need to use the console to fix a glitch, try to use the least powerful command possible. It is advisable to use the "Test Hall" for experimentation with console commands—for more information, see below.
Here's something for those of you who have trouble using, would like to better their understanding of, or would like to learn how to use more of the various console commands. There are literally hundreds, perhaps thousands, of console commands; this obviously won't cover all of these, but it'll do its best to cover the console commands that most people would find useful.
Contents
Opening the Console[edit]
The console is opened with the tilde (~) key when using the International English keyboard layout; it's left of the 1 key, below the Esc key, and above the Tab key (Or the Key located to the left of the "Z", Depending on your keyboard settings. If it doesn't open the console then you probably have one or more of the following issues:
 - You have an infrared remote sensor hooked up to your computer (used for the Windows Media version of Windows). Disconnect it and try again.
 - Note that this also works on some Vista computers.
 - You have Windows Vista installed. Download and use the Ring of Console mod to access the console. (The mod requires you to have the Oblivion Script Extender (OBSE) installed to work: you can download it here.) If equipping the ring still doesn't work, try hotkeying the ring to a slot. Then activating and deactivating it should bring up the console cursor at the bottom left. (This does not apply to all versions of Windows Vista).
 - You're using an international keyboard. Depending on the country your keyboard comes from, the tilde key might not be placed as described, though the key in that location may still open the console; if it does not, then using the above mod should solve the problem.
For Apple Computer Users[edit]
If you are using a virtual machine (Parallels Desktop, VMware Fusion, Virtual Box, or similar) on an Apple computer, the key may be mapped differently by default, even if the tilde key appears to work normally in Windows itself. One solution to this proposed in the Parallels forum is to download and install Microsoft Keyboard Layout Creator, a freeware tool that lets you create custom key assignments. This may or may not work for you (see the Discussion tab for further info).
Another alternative is to install a mod such as Change Console Key, which is an Oblivion Script Extender plugin that lets you reassign the console invocation key within Oblivion itself. Assigning key number 34 (which is PageDown in Windows, or usually Fn-DownArrow on the Macbook) seems to work well.
The preceding has been tested on a Macbook Pro Retina running OSX 10.8.2 through 10.9.0, with Windows 7 64-bit running inside Parallels Desktop 8 and 9.
Notes[edit]
 1. Console commands are not case-sensitive - they are only capitalized in this guide for clarity.
 2. In the case of console commands that require IDs, the initial 0s of an ID can be omitted. This means that if an item's ID says 00032564, then you only have to use 32564 in the console command.
 3. Some items and NPCs will have multiple IDs all sharing a name. This can mean several things for items: it is leveled; it has several different looks shared under a single name, such as bones; or, it has several different types shared under a single name, such as soul gems. For an NPC, it probably means that it is a spawning enemy NPC such as a bandit or a marauder.
 4. Any IDs that pertain to objects in a mod, be it official or user-made, will not work in commands unless the first two digits in the ID are the mod's load order (including the base Oblivion.esm file) in hex; hex goes from 00 to 09, then from 0A to 0F, then from 10 to 19, then from 1A to 1F, etc. For example, if the mod is the 3rd mod in the list (including Oblivion.esm), then any ID in that mod will start with 2 (02); if it's the 15th in the list, the IDs will start with E (0E); if it's 42nd, they will start with 29. Alternatively, you can manually change the load order of the desired mod to be first to load and work without the hassle of finding the load order. To do this, you'll need a mod manager: you can download one here.
 5. Pressing the up and down keys while the console command window is open will scroll through the previously entered console command, if there are any. Pressing the page up and page down keys will scroll through the list of previously entered commands, if it's big enough to be cut off.
 6. The maximum value for the level of anything (character level, attributes, skills, etc.) is 255. You can go above this with spells and enchantments, but when using the console you can't increase anything beyond 255; if you increase it past 255 with an incremental command (such as ModPCS) it will reset to 0.
 7. If the instructions tell you to click something, have the console open when you click it.
 8. When the instructions say to type something that means hit enter after you've typed it.
 9. This guide will make occasional references to "cells." A cell is simply an area; interior areas take up one cell each, while exterior areas may be made up of many cells interconnected.
 10. An ID is a hex code (an 8-digit code made up of numbers and letters, though they can be shorter with the initial 0s omitted) that the game uses to reference objects, whether they be NPCs, creatures, buildings, flames, anything at all, and most console commands use these references as a parameter to target certain object types.
 11. There are two types of IDs: reference IDs and base IDs. Most commands use base IDs, but a few use reference IDs. Each command in this guide will specify which it uses.
 12. If a command parameter is a string, it must be enclosed in quotes " " if it contains any spaces. For example: To rename player to Joe (which contains no spaces), Player.SetFullActorName Joe is OK. However, to rename player to Joe Bloggs (which contains a space), Player.SetFullActorName "Joe Bloggs" must be used. This is because the console treats spaces as parameter separators and Joe Bloggs will be treated as two parameters (error, SetFullActorName takes one parameter only) whereas "Joe Bloggs" is treated as one parameter (no error).
 13. If you want to write a bat-executable textfile with more than one command, you can use the symbol ";" as a comment indicator. In a large script this can be useful to keep track of what's been added. Everything after the comment symbol will not be executed but it will show in console output.
Finding IDs in the Construction Set (CS)[edit]
First, you will of course require the CS, downloadable here. The CS is a tool that is used to edit the world of Oblivion and contains most of the game's data. Once you have your CS installed and running, go into "File" and "Data" - double-click the file Oblivion.esm and click OK (note: if you want to find the ID of something from a mod, you'll also need to load that mod's .esp file). Once the file has loaded, you can use the Object Window to find any ID you want to by browsing the categories on the left, finding the desired object, then looking at its ID. The ID column is the second column from the left (between "EditorID" and "Count") and by default is too small to see any IDs with, so drag it larger from the top of the column. Also, by default the rows are listed in alphabetical order by their Editor ID; to make it easier to find things, click the top of the "Name" column to list the rows in alphabetical order by their name. Now, say, for example, one wanted to find the Xivilai's ID: Go under "Actors - Creatures - Daedra" then find the Xivilai and look at its ID.
Commands[edit]
Player-Targeted Commands[edit]
Player.AddItem BaseID #[edit]
(Only works with item IDs.)
A very commonly used console command. This will add the specified number of the specified item to your character's inventory. The item ID for gold is simply F.
Example: Player.AddItem


text:
California Yellowtail are found and caught commercially off California and Baja California, Mexico. They reach sexual maturity at an early age, but are relatively slow growing and known to form spawning aggregations, making them vulnerable to fishing pressure.
Catches of California Yellowtail have fluctuated greatly over the years, tending to be greater during El Nino events when waters are warmer and much less during cool, La Nina events.
Abundance levels of California Yellowtail populations are not known, but catches in recent years have been low. California Yellowtail are captured with both set and drift gillnets and hook-and-line. Drift gillnets and hook-and-line cause minimal habitat damage while set gillnets may cause moderate habitat damage. Bycatch in these fisheries is likely moderate.
Some management regulations are in place for the California fisheries, such as a minimum size limit and restricted fishing areas, but regulations are not in place for Mexico fisheries.


[plat-n-eyt] /ˈplæt nˌeɪt/
verb (used with object), platinated, platinating.
to platinize.
Read Also:
 - Plating
 [pley-ting] /ˈpleɪ tɪŋ/ noun 1. a thin coating of gold, silver, etc. 2. an external layer of metal. 3. the act of a person or thing that. [pleyt] /pleɪt/ noun 1. a shallow, usually circular dish, often of earthenware or porcelain, from which food is eaten. 2. the contents of such a dish; […]
 - Platini
 1. a combining form representing in compound words: platinocyanic. /French platini/ noun 1. Michel. born 1955, French footballer, manager, and administrator; scored 41 goals in 72 games for France (1976–87); manager of France (1988–92); president of UEFA from 2007; European Footballer of the Year (1983–85) combining form 1. of, relating to, containing, or resembling platinum: […]
 - Platinic
 - Platinic-acid


text:
Until 31st May you can collect cards to scratch which offer various gifts and prizes.
You can win cards in the following ways:
- The first time you log in each day
- When your horse wins competitions (2 per day)
- Buying them in the Flash Sales (you can buy a maximum of 1 card in each type of sale every 3 days)
- Exchanging duplicate cards (costs 5 diamonds and you can only exchange 1 per day. However you are guaranteed not to get another duplicate)
Apparently there may be more ways to get cards (possible involving HoPs!) later on in the contest.
The first set of cards are called the Collector Cards. These cards give you prizes as soon as you scratch them - for example equus, BM items, saddlery or even the Divine horse Mars.
The second set of cards are called the Puzzle Cards. There are 7 puzzles to complete and you have to collect all 5 cards from each puzzle before you get your gift. The puzzles are as follows:
- The Desert Puzzle. Prize: Philosopher's Stone
- The Forest Puzzle. Prize: 20,000e
- The Jungle Puzzle. Prize: Morpheus' Arms
- The Meadow Puzzle. Prize: 5 x diamonds
- The Savanna Puzzle. Prize: a Knabstupper (a new breed of horse)
- The Mountain Puzzle. Prize: 5th element
- The Hiking Puzzle. Prize: Poseidon's Pack
If you complete all the puzzles you win a Treasure Chest containing a new wild horse - the Camargue.
You get to your cards by clicking on 'The Cards' link at the top of any page. From that page there is then a link to the Flash Sales.
PLEASE NOTE. To scratch a card you rub your mouse over it. If you are having trouble seeing or scratching your cards it may be that you don't have flash on your computer. For example if you are playing on an iPad or iPhone you will not be able to scratch your cards.


Conference Dates
May 8-13, 2016
Abstract
Many different media are available to culture CHO cells. Most are either growth supporting or productivity supporting. Ideally, the basal medium is a growth supporting medium, while the feed medium is supporting both growth and productivity. In this study two clones producing the same mAb are compared on their response to a range of basal media. Clone I is fast-growing and low-producing, while Clone II is slower-growing, but high-producing. A panel of eleven different basal media from different vendors was evaluated for growth, titer and metabolism.
An overview is given on the response of the cells to the different media. From these data media supporting cell growth and media supporting mAb productivity can be identified. To conclude, an example of the added value of combining two media is shown. By combining media that support growth or support production an optimal (feed)media system can be designed.
Vendors have different philosophies when developing a medium, namely rich or lean basal media in combination with rich or lean feeds. Feed media can contain similar ingredients as their basal media or only a certain group of nutrients. Different types of CHO cells have different nutrient requirements and different clones from the same host may have different nutrients requirements. This makes choosing a medium a complex process. Which type of basal media to choose and is the connected feed medium the best choice to use as a feed? In this study we give our approach to the question: How to select the most suitable media for your cells?
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title
FreeMarker widgets for displaying data
The following macros are working very closely with the Struts actions of the Tiny Marbles Framework. The main purpose it to show data in form of lists with rows, columns, filter and pagination. For that reason each action or class which uses these widgets (in the related FreeMarker template) has to import the class org.cws.webcore.FilterHibernate and provide a public method getFilter().
@data.table
Shows a table with the given collection of elements. In combination with the macros below like @data.column and @data.pagination it is a powerful macro and used in the admin pages of Tiny Marbles CMS to show data objects in form of tables (=list with rows and columns).
Parameters of @data.table:
label (required)
text for the table title. elements (required)
a collection of elements to be shown in the table. showHeader (optional boolean, default 'true')
if true the header of the table is shown with a title given in the label. dataResultCssClass (optional, default empty)
adds a CSS class to the element
 which frames the table. id (optional, default 'dataTable')
id of the table. cssTableClass (optional, default empty)
adds a CSS class to the table. cssEmptyClass (optional, default empty)
adds a CSS class for an empty table. rowIdAttribute (optional, default 'id')
fetches the id for the row of the table from property 'id' of the collection. If the
property has another name you can specify this name here.
rowCssClass (optional, default empty)
adds a CSS class to the row. onMouseOver (optional, default empty)
JavaScript, used for the event onmouseover of a table row. onMouseOut (optional, default empty)
JavaScript, used for the event onmouseout of a table row. headerAsLink=false (optional boolean, default 'false')
adds a link to the header of the table. headerLink (optional, default '#')
value of the link for the header of the table. headerOnClick (optional, default empty)
JavaScript for the header on click. headerClass (optional, default 'header')
adds a CSS class to the header. url (optional, default empty)
url for links and pagination. Pagination is created automatically in case url is not
empty. Is passed to the macros @data.column and @data.pagination which are used
internally.
param (optional, default empty)
parameter for the url for links and pagination. Is passed to the macros @data.column
and @data.pagination which are used internally.
jsFunction (optional, default empty)
JavaScript, is passed to the macros @data.column and @data.pagination which are used
internally.
onPageNumberClick (optional, default empty)
JavaScript, is passed to the macro @data.pagination which is used internally. onClick (optional, default empty)
JavaScript, is passed to the macros @data.column and @data.pagination which are used
internally.
paginationLinkFirst (optional, default '')
link for pagination, link: 'first page'. paginationLinkPrevious (optional, default '')
link for pagination, link: 'previous page'. paginationLinkNext (optional, default '')
link for pagination, link: 'next page'. paginationLinkLast (optional, default '')
link for pagination, link: 'last page'. paginationShowItemsFound (optional boolean, default 'true')
if true the total number of elements are shown in pagination. paginationBeforePageNumber (optional, default empty)
decoration before page number of pagination. Could be virtually any character,
usually '|' or '['.
paginationAfterPageNumber (optional, default empty)
decoration after page number of pagination. Could be virtually any character,
usually '|' or '['.
Example for @data.table:
<@data.table id="users" elements=filter.result.elements
 label="user.list" url="/list.action"; user>
 <@data.column label="Login" sortBy=["login:asc"]>${user.login}</@data.column>
 <@data.column label="Name" sortBy=["name:asc"]>${user.name}</@data.column>
</@data.table>
Screenshot (example) for @data.table:
user_list.png

@data.column
Provides a column for the data table. Must be used as child of @data.table to build the dynamic table.
Parameters of @data.column:
label (required)
text to show for the title of the column. cssClass (optional, default empty)
a CSS class name for the row ( element). sortBy (optional, default empty)
name of the property of the object. Used for the sorter in the table header. Example:
["loginname:asc"].
fixedSortBy (optional, default empty)
name of the property of the object. Used for the second sort value for sorter in the
table header. Example: ["id:asc"].
id (optional, default empty)
id for the row ( element). onClick (optional, default empty)
JavaScript for the link element of the row, event on click. tdOnClick (optional, default empty)
JavaScript for the row ( element) itself, event on click. style (optional, default empty)
a CSS style for the row ( element).
Example for @data.column:
<@data.column label=action.getText("label.Zone.name") sortBy=["name:asc"]>
 <@show.link target="${base}/admin/zone/view.action?zone.id=${zone.id?c}"
 label="${zone.name?html}"/>
</@data.column>

@data.deleteColumn
This is a specialization of the @data.column. Provides a column with an image for the delete action. It has a multi-selection feature, that enables the user to select one or more items of the list to delete at the same time (using shift/control). Calls internally the @data.column macro. An overlay box appears to confirm the delete action, the delete action uses an Ajax call.
Parameters of @data.deleteColumn:
url (required)
url of the delete action (Struts) to delete the selected elements. paramId (required)
the name of the parameter id to be deleted, examples: 'versionId' or 'zoneId'. params (optional, default empty)
optional parameter for the url. cssClass (optional, default empty)
a CSS style to be passed to the macro @data.column. showDeleteButton (optional boolean, default 'true')
if set to true the macro shows the default delete button. If false, a nested code can
be used to show a customized delete button.
deleteAllowed (optional boolean, default 'true')
adds a CSS style to the delete button if delete is not allowed. obj (optional, default empty)
the object to be deleted. Internally used to get the id of the object to be deleted. onExecute (optional, default 'delete_elements')
JavaScript callback function name for when delete is executed. onUnCheck (optional, default 'unCheckDelete')
JavaScript callback function name for when a element is unchecked. onCheck (optional, default 'checkDelete')
JavaScript callback function name for when a element is checked. width (optional, default '500')
width of the confirmation overlay box. height (optional, default '120')
height of the confirmation overlay box.
Example for @data.deleteColumn:
<@data.deleteColumn obj=user showDeleteButton=false
 url="${base}/admin/user/delete-form.action"
 para


Meet the common waxbill, a bird with a bright red mask and belly that protrudes from a breast and flanks with faint black and white barring
 Meet the common waxbill, a bird with a bright red mask and belly that protrudes from a breast and flanks with faint black and white barring
A bird with a bright red mask and belly
This bird's vivid red face and breast stand out against its white and black flecked background.
Small passerine birds belonging to the estrildid finch family include the St Helena waxbill (Estrilda astrild), also called the common waxbill.
The upper parts of this small bird, which measures 4 to 5 inches (12.7 centimetres) in length, are grey and are delicately and conspicuously banded grey brown.
A vivid red mask and belly pop from a chest and flanks of subtle black and white barring – meet the common waxbill
Their flanks have dark grey bands on their pinkish-beige underparts.
The centre of the belly is covered with a long, prominent, vivid crimson patch.
The tips are black and white, while the vent and undertail coverings are a dark grey colour.
The only differences between men and females are that females are lighter and have a belly red patch that is less obvious.
A vivid red mask and belly pop from a chest and flanks of subtle black and white barring – meet the common waxbill
Juveniles lack a red belly patch, which makes them duller.
Foraging grounds for the Common Waxbill are dry, grassy areas with wilted plants.
Additionally, they like cities and open meadows. Additionally widespread are clearings and the edges of woodlands.
It's not surprising that they appreciate grass seeds discovered on the ground in the ears of grass given their preference for expansive pasturelands.
A vivid red mask and belly pop from a chest and flanks of subtle black and white barring – meet the common waxbill
The nest is covered with grass and is formed of grass. It appears to be a ground-level ball of grass and coconut fibre with a tunnel-like entrance already there.
Up to four eggs, which are laid within and are then incubated for about 10 days by both the male and female, are carried by each.
The young are finally fledged after 21 days after sharing feeding duties between both parents.


text:
Vanuatu joins the Union
24 August 2012 | News story
The Government of the Republic of Vanuatu has officially announced its decision to join IUCN by endorsing the IUCN Statutes. The Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources has been designated by the Government of the Republic of Vanuatu as its liaison with the IUCN Secretariat.
IUCN extends its warmest welcome to Vanuatu, an archipelago of over 80 islands in the South Pacific Ocean located east of Australia and west of Fiji. Vanuatu is mountainous with a few active volcanoes on some islands. It is part of the biodiversity hotspot of east Melanesia, harboring notable endemic species and diverse marine and coastal life. Many communities rely heavily on native species for their livelihoods, and as such, the economic, social and cultural value of species is very high.
Natural resources are invaluable to the people of Vanuatu; agriculture and eco-tourism are the main sources of revenue. A country rich in culture; Vanuatu is considered one of the most culturally diverse countries in the world, with more than 100 distinct languages and dialects.
The Government of Vanuatu is party to key environmental conventions, such as the Convention on Biological Diversity, the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, and others.
"Vanuatu is a critical link in ensuring the Melanesian countries are on board – especially with their unique biodiversity and cultural contribution to the global community," says Taholo Kami, Regional Director, IUCN Oceania.
IUCN Oceania has been working with the Vanuatu government under its Energy programme, looking at alternative renewable energy resources, and through the Water and Wetlands programme, whereby Vanuatu is a receiving country under the Mangrove Ecosystems for Climate Change Adaptation and Livelihoods project, which aims to safeguard and manage mangrove ecosystems in five Pacific countries. IUCN Oceania looks forward to continued collaboration in these and other programme areas.
For more information on IUCN Membership in Oceania please contact Helen Pippard, Membership Focal Point at _EMAIL_


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Related Articles
Related Articles
Python VLC MediaList – Getting Media at given Index
 - Last Updated : 29 Aug, 2020
In this article we will see how we can get the media at the given index in the MediaList object in the python vlc module. VLC media player is a free and open-source portable cross-platform media player software and streaming media server developed by the VideoLAN project. MediaList object contains the multiple media, in other words it has list of media which can be used with MediaListPlayer object to play these multiple media object. Multiple media can be added to the media list object with the help of add_media method, so each media is lying at there respective index in the list.
In order to do this we will use item_at_index method with the MediaList object
Syntax : media_list.item_at_index(n)
Argument : It takes index as argument
Return : It returns Media object
Below is the implementation
# importing vlc module
import vlc

# importing time module
import time

# creating a media player object
media_player = vlc.MediaListPlayer()

# creating Instance class object
player = vlc.Instance()

# creating a media list object
media_list = vlc.MediaList()

# creating a new media
media1 = player.media_new("death_note.mkv")

# adding media to media list
media_list.add_media(media1)

# creating a new media
media2 = player.media_new("1.mp4")

# adding another media
media_list.add_media(media2)

# setting media list to the media player
media_player.set_media_list(media_list)

# start playing video
media_player.play()

# wait so the video can be played for 5 seconds
# irrespective for length of video
time.sleep(5)

# getting media at the index 0 in media list
value = media_list.item_at_index(0)

# printing value
print(value)
Output :
vlc.Media object at 0x00000248E1B42981
Another example
# importing vlc module
import vlc

# importing time module
import time

# creating a media player object
media_player = vlc.MediaListPlayer()

# creating Instance class object
player = vlc.Instance()

# creating a media list object
media_list = vlc.MediaList()

# creating a new media
media1 = player.media_new("1.mp4")

# adding media to media list
media_list.add_media(media1)

# creating a new media
media2 = player.media_new("death_note.mkv")

# adding media to media list
media_list.add_media(media2)

# setting media list to the media player
media_player.set_media_list(media_list)

# start playing video
media_player.play()

# wait so the video can be played for 5 seconds
# irrespective for length of video
time.sleep(5)

# getting media at the index 1 in media list
value = media_list.item_at_index(1)

# printing value
print(value)
Output :
vlc.Media object at 0x00000248E1B42988
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I, Robot
Question: Lannings wrote the three laws and built VIKI as his first robot, which leads to the conclusion that VIKI has been programmed with the three laws. If VIKI is programmed with those laws, how can she order robots to ignore humans orders and even kills them?
Answer: Viki is following what has been called the 0th law of robotics. It is an extrapolation of the other three with an application toward humanity as a whole rather than individual humans and is interpreted as "A robot may not injure humanity, or, through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm". The idea being that she has now concluded that to fail to take action to prevent the self destruction of humanity itself would be a violation of that law. And being the 0th law, it supersedes all other laws, just as law 1 supersedes law 2 and law 2 supersedes law 3. Her actions may be regrettable or undesirable, but according to the 0th law, they are necessary to save humanity as a whole.
Question: If Lanning really had leaped from that distance, wouldn't he be unrecognizable upon impact and not with only a little bit of blood coming from his mouth?
Answer: He'd certainly have a lot of internal injuries that aren't visible, would probably have more injuries showing than that trickle of blood, but wouldn't necessarily be "unrecognizable."
Question: Why did Lanning build a robot that functioned independently of the USR mainframe, had alloys strong enough to endure vast drops and steal nanites, had a pre-programmed knowledge of Spooner... And then tell it to kill him? Furthermore, it is Sonny's own suggestion to kill Viki with nanites, so why didn't Lanning just get him to jump out the lab and do that, or at least convey a less cryptic message about what was going on?
Answer: People would not likely listen to just the robot. By killing himself he ensured that Spooner would take him seriously. This would also keep VIKI from finding out and planning around it.
Greg Dwyer
Question: During the curfew, if a human was seen acting dangerously, an NS5 would approach them and grab them by the neck saying "You have been deemed hazardous, will you comply?" This happened to Spooner and Farber. What would the outcome be if one did comply? What would the NS5 do?
Answer: Politely but firmly escort them to an area deemed suitable for temporarily holding "hazardous" individuals. Or, amusingly, compliance would perhaps convince the NS5 that they were no longer a hazard and leave them free to go.
Question: What was the exact significance of the "bread crumbs?" It still confuses me.
Answer: The doctor who was killed had a copy of the book Hansel and Gretel in his lab. He knew that Detective Spooner would see the book during his investigation, and that would prompt him to follow the first clue he found to the next clue, and so on. The trail of breadcrumbs were used by Hansel and Gretel in the children's story as a way to find their way home. For more info, check _URL_
Question: As Detective Spooner looks down on the street and sees the robot running with what he assumes to be a stolen bag, there is a cry of 'hey.' or something similar from one of the crowd, prompting Spooner to think the robot had taken the bag. As the robot had not, why did the man yell?
Answer: That was probably just an arbitrary cry that came from the crowed, or the running robot could have just ran into someone.
Kirill Ostapenko
Question: How did Spooner get Sarah's necklace, if he only saw her passing by in a car?
Answer: He knew way too much about her (he knew her age and what she wanted to be when she grew up) for that to have been the only time. I would suspect that, after the accident, the vehicles were brought out of the water. Knowing the kind of person Spooner is, he probably felt guilty enough that he survived that he went to speak with the family. They probably talked about her a good deal. The family may have given him the necklace. That's just the kind of schmaltzy thing that happens in movies.
Question: What was the relationship between Dr. Lanning and Dr. Calvin?
Answer: Mentor and protege.
Question: Why would Del Spooner have to exercise his left arm at the beginning of the day, does it need physiotherapy?
Answer: YES! Because his left arm is not quite human and has not been used for some time while he slept, he has to keep the electrical parts flowing (being connected to his fleshly nerves) for it to fully function.
keith summers
Question: Does anyone know what year Dr. Lanning (the character) was born in? It tells you when Spooner is in the cafe on the TV, but I just can't make it out.
Answer: According to the tv in the bar he lived from 1971 to 2035.
Question: After Spooner explains how much of his body is robotic, the woman asks what it was like when he went back to work. He starts to explain, then starts describing the accident with the truck and the girl. I'm a bit confused. Was this where his arm and lung were damaged, or did this happen after he received his bionic appendage?
Answer: Although not clearly explained, Spooner lost his left arm and lung during the accident.
Kirill Ostapenko
Question: While Dr. Spooner was driving alone in the tunnel, he requested access to restricted files between Dr. Lanning and Lawrence Robertson. When Robertson was informed of this he seemed appalled. Shortly, two NS-5 trucks came and boxed Spooner in. Did Lawerence activate those trucks?
Answer: No, VIKI did. Robertson is merely annoyed that Spooner is continuing to delve into company business. VIKI is the one who's actually behind the whole plot and is concerned enough about Spooner's meddling to try to take him out.
Question: Did or didn't Sonny kill Lanning? If he did, how did he do it? What was the promise he had to give?
Answer: Sonny killed Lanning. Lanning had designed Sonny with the ability to opt out of the Three Laws when he deemed it absolutely necessary. Lanning forced Sonny to promise to do Lanning a favor, then told him the favor was to throw Lanning out the window. Forced to keep his word by Lanning's own programming, Sonny overrode the Three Laws and tossed Lanning out the window.
Question: Were the MS-5 faces modeled after an actual person?
Answer: They all look vaguely like Alan Tudyk to me, who did the voice of Sonny.
Question: Why would they destroy a house, just because the owner has died and before the house has been emptied?
Answer: It was deliberately demolished ahead of schedule, in an attempt to kill him.
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Detective Spooner: Can a robot write a symphony? Can a robot turn a canvas into a beautiful painting?
Sonny: Can you?
Right before the Demolition Robot starts tearing through the house, Spooner is talking to the cat, and in the close up shots of the cat it is sitting down, but in the shots of Spooner with the cat, it is standing up.
Often times when a movie is distributed the name of the movie on the actual can is changed or altered to prevent piracy. The name on this movie was "Hal," a reference to "2001: A Space Odyssey" (1968).
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