text:
observing in a sentence
Example sentences for observing
Because what we're observing now is an increase in the effectiveness of accommodative monetary policy.
It may seem to the reader that a rule with so many exceptions to it is not worth observing.
We were there with some amount of irony-or mockery: observing a relic.
She took responsibility for observing the inhuman uses of power and for summoning her generation to judgment and action.
Mice observing a cage mate suffering stomachache withdrew more quickly from the heat source.
Observing what they leave on their plates at home will accomplish the same thing.
After observing the pair for some time, a third dip in the system's light was seen happening at odd intervals.
Suppose that your philosophy was developed by observing and working with an outstanding teacher at your graduate university.
But these satellites focus narrowly and aren't useful for observing wide areas of terrain.
But given that this is close in astronomical terms, astronomers will be observing it carefully.
Observing the weather first-hand using one's own equipment is always interesting.
The interior ministry last month warned foreigners that observing was one thing, political meddling another.
Studying the official website and observing program schedules can avoid the common pitfalls.
There is a difference between perpetuating stereotypes and observing how they affect the lives of real people.
But as law enforcers never tire of observing, crime doesn't honor borders.
The logic of observing elections is that offenders should be punished.
There are multiple dimensions of observations, and depending on who is observing a specific event, the outcome will be different.
It's calmer than it was, but objects are still being thrown, and there are hundreds if not thousands of students observing events.
That's the question that physicists have been struggling with since observing this phenomenon during the last decade or so.
Both you and the sailor would have equal claim to being right-the motion of the rock is relative to whoever is observing it.
The earliest navigation methods involved observing landmarks or watching the direction of the sun and stars.
The plants, soberly observing their entertainment, seem wholesomely unmanipulated.
We are in the position of anthropologists observing the rituals and liturgy of an alien culture.
It might depend on where one is doing the observing.
These include hiking, fishing, climbing and observing wildlife.
The routine provided him with an opportunity to get a head start on his relentless observing, sketching, and note-taking.
Astronomers can be skilled observers and also expert in the theory of what they are observing.
For faculty striving to improve their teaching, they would be a lot better off observing and emulating good teachers.
Observing the effects of perigee on the moon itself can be a bit trickier.
He was observing mice when he put his coffee mug down.
It's easy to see why locating and observing the gentle giants is such a challenge.
The obvious problem is for astronomers, who have to fight this added light when observing faint objects.
The scientists will be observing several athletes to see how their bodies react to performance testing.
By observing their gestures she refined the experiment.
The threat can then be monitored by observing their swarming behavior.
By not observing the distinction between illegality and malice.
But it gives you global coverage, whereas the previous observing systems were spotty.
Other duties may include observing and mentoring candidates in school settings.
The only safe solar filter for a telescope is a full aperture filter specifically designed for solar observing.
In the process of observing the behavior and progress of these apes, the visitor is stimulated to think in news ways.
It is loss also in business to be too full of respects, or to be curious in observing times and opportunities.
By observing the highest standards of craftsmanship.
He started by observing the rising number of dubious mortgages being written.
Since the early twentieth century, two concepts have transformed the way astronomers think about observing the universe.
Supernovae occur all the time throughout the universe, but capturing and observing one is extremely rare.
As the one doing the observing, you have the opportunity to gather some new ideas about effective teaching.
Spend some time outdoors together observing wildlife.
Another way to use this lesson has to do with observing meteors.
Although the trial was held in the open, with reporters observing much of it, important chunks were kept secret.
The park provides guests with opportunities for fishing, observing marsh and swamp wildlife and boating.
And now we're observing it unfold on a national stage in a profoundly symbolic setting.
Perhaps also they are uncomfortable when they recognize what he was observing.
The idea that observing disorder can have a psychological effect on people has been around for a while.
Opportunities for studying the wonders that go on in nature are everywhere, and observing nature can be fun to do together.
One tenet of quantum physics is that the simple act of observing an event will alter the outcome of the event.
It continues shoving the object around, observing how its parts move in relation to each other.
Most extrasolar planets have been revealed by observing their host star, or sun.
Locating and observing these gliders in the wild was a challenge.
The jacket artist has the pleasure of observing this life-in stores, in people's hands, in their houses.
The main concern expressed by opponents of the commission's standards is that observing them will be too expensive.
Famous quotes containing the word observing
There will, however, be no one in need among you, because the LORD is sure to bless you in the land that the LORD your G... more
Neither look at nor listen to what is improper; do not speak or act without observing propriety.... more
Excellence or virtue is a settled disposition of the mind that determines our choice of actions and emotions and consist... more


The misery recorded for the fetus
Q 2: It is said that when the embryo is formed in the womb, the angel entrusted with wombs seeks the Lord's Permission, hence, the Lord commands, "Write". Thereupon, the angel says, "What should I write?" He (Glorified and Exalted be He) orders, "Write their life span, provision, whether they will be happy or miserable, and their time of death". Please advise us on the meaning of Misery and Happiness, are they meant for the life of this world or the Hereafter (Part No. 2; Page No. 30
A: Misery is generally designated for both this life and the Hereafter, as is the case with happiness.May Allah grant us success. May peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad, his family, and Companions.


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Mediatized Populisms| Digital Populism: Trolls and Political Polarization of Twitter in Turkey
This article analyzes political trolling in Turkey through the lens of mediated populism. Twitter trolling in Turkey has diverged from its original uses (i.e., poking fun, flaming, etc.) toward government-led polarization and right-wing populism. Failing to develop an effective strategy to mobilize online masses, Turkey's ruling Justice and Development Party (JDP/AKP) relied on the polarizing performances of a large progovernment troll army. Trolls deploy three features of JDP's populism: serving the people, fetish of the will of the people, and demonization. Whereas trolls traditionally target and mock institutions, Turkey's political trolls act on behalf of the establishment. They produce a digital culture of lynching and censorship. Trolls' language also impacts pro-JDP journalists who act like trolls and attack journalists, academics, and artists critical of the government.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Offer: Alston Bannerman Fellowship Program (for U.S. activists)
The Alston Bannerman Fellowship Program was founded in 1988 to honor and support longtime activists of color by giving them the resources to take time out for reflection and renewal. Fellows receive a $25,000 award to take sabbaticals for three months or more.
To qualify for an Alston Bannerman Sabbatical Fellowship, you must:
- be a person of color
- have more than 10 years of community organizing experience
- be committed to continuing social change work in communities of color
- live in the United States, Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa,or US Virgin Islands
Beyond the basic eligibility criteria, the Alston/Bannerman Program seeks applicants whose work:
- Attacks roots causes of inequity by organizing those affected to take strategic collective action.
- Challenges the systems that perpetrate injustice and effects institutional and structural change.
- Builds community capacity for democratic participation and develops grassroots leadership.
- Acknowledges the cultural values of the community.
- Creates accountable participatory structures in which community members have decision-making power.
- Contributes to building a movement for social change by making connections between issues, developing alliances with other constituencies and collaborating with other organizations.
2010 Fellowship Application Deadline is April 13


Take the 2-minute tour ×
In my lab we did a microarray to analyze differential gene expression in S. cerevisiae treated with UV irradiation. We are now analyzing the results and one of the up-regulated genes is labeled "Alien4_60." I believe this is some kind of control, but I am having trouble understanding what it is.
I would think that a probe labeled "alien" in a microarray would be some kind of negative control. The probe-list (excel file) says "Control stringency: 60% identity to oligo Alien4" as the description for this probe. What does this mean?
..As you can imagine, searches for "Alien4" only brings up sci-fi movies!
p.s. perhaps someone with enough rep could tag this question with more meaningful tags.
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
up vote 5 down vote accepted
It's a probe to detect external 'Alien' RNA standard, a synthetic mRNA commercialized by Stratagene/Agilent.
The Alien RNA transcript is a ~500-nt, polyadenylated RNA molecule that is synthesized by in vitro transcription. The Alien RNA transcript is nonhomologous to all known nucleic acid sequences currently in public databases, as determined by BLAST comparisons against NIH sequence databases. _URL_
As any other external standard, you spike in the same amount of Alien RNA standard in your different reactions and then using the Alien probe you can normalize for extraction efficiencies etc. It works not only for microarrays, but also for qPCR, RNA-seq etc.
If you didn't spike in any of it, I expect your probes giving very low signal that's probably why you thought about negative controls.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
- Measuring flow short-circuiting and dead space using a tracer
- Comparison of real flow regimes with idealised flow models
- Effect of flow rate and baffle position on dispersion
- Measuring sediment removal efficiencies and relating these to the hydraulic characteristics.
- Settling tank :1000 x 400 x 200mm
- Sediment sump tank capacity :120 litres
- Water flow meter range : 0.5-5 l/min
- Sediment suspension flow meter range : 0-2 l/min
- Pump flow rate : 25 l/min at 5m head
- Motor : 0.1kW
(1) All manuals are written in English
(2) Model Answer
(3) Teaching Manuals
This GOTT-STANK-018 has been designed to demonstrate the hydraulic characteristics and settling efficiencies of a model settling basin. Although scale-up to industrial size sedimentation tanks is difficult, relevant deductions can be made as to how non-uniform flows occur and how these interact with the settling characteristics of particular suspensions.
Water is taken from the laboratory mains supply and is fed to the settling tank via a flow meter. For studies of sedimentation, a slurry is prepared in a sump tank and pumped via a specially designed flow meter to join the fresh water stream just before entry to the settling tank. A well-mixed slurry of known concentration and flow enters the tank uniformly under an inlet weir.
This may be comparatively analysed by the Imhoff cone technique or more accurately by drying and weighing. The sump tank is continually agitated by a flow sparge device to prevent settling of solids during an experiment. For hydraulic tracer and visualisation studies, an accurate dye injection system is provided. A known volume of dye solution is injected just before the entry to the settling tank.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


"Changing the English language one word at a time."
Definition of cranial flatulation :.
(krā'nē-əl flăch'yə'lā'shən)
 1. 1. (n.) Condition of the brain to cease functioning mid-sentence, frequently occurring during important meetings where one must impress others, leaving the user of said brain with a blank stare.
 Notes: Also: brain fart, brain cloud, brain cramp
 Submitted by: Anonymous, Topics: Behavior & Lifestyle, Health & Medicine


text: Water Snowflake is a pretty, fast-growing, perennial water plant. A blooming colony indeed looks like snow-flakes on water. It has flat, rounded, floating leaves, and delicate white and yellow flowers appearing in summer. Water snowflake has white flowers with yellow centres. The petals have unusual, feathery edges. The flowers are formed above the floating leaves with 2-4 cm long stalks. Although they bear some resemblance to water lilies, they are not related. New plants are formed all the time where the floating stolons (above-ground, modified stems) form tufted plantlets along their lengths. The mother plant has a short, thick stem which is rooted in the mud at the bottom of the pond. In its natural habitat the plant may be subject to periods where the water may dry up, in this case it forms roots at the nodes to help it survive.


text:
|Yves Ramseier||Semester project|
|Section Microtechnique, EPFL||June 1999|
This project aims to determine the movement in a echocardiographic sequence by image processing methods.
In the first part of the report, the methodology is detailed. The mathematics relations that constitute the basement of the process are enumerated and the way to determine the speed of every little window of a digital image is explained. The kind of image we deal with are 2D echocardiography with the time as x coordinate as showed in figure 1.
Fig. 1 2D echocardiography
Then, in the second part, we propose two different original algorithms providing the results showed in the figure 2.
Fig. 2 2D echocardiography with the movement showed with the red arrows
We have represented the speed by displaying a vector in the middle part of each little window considerated. The vector points in the direction of the movement and its norm is proportional to the value of the speed in this point.
The last part starts by comparing the results provided by the two different algorithms. Then the future of the project is discussed and it finishes with a conclusion.


Definition
bad block
Contributor(s): Stacey Peterson and Kim Hefner
A bad block is an area of storage media that is no longer reliable for storing and retrieving data because it has been physically damaged or corrupted. Bad blocks are also referred to as bad sectors.
There are two types of bad blocks: A physical, or hard, bad block comes from damage to the storage medium. A soft, or logical, bad block occurs when the operating system (OS) is unable to read data from a sector. Examples of a soft bad block include when the cyclic redundancy check (CRC), or error correction code (ECC), for a particular storage block does not match the data read by the disk.
On magnetic hard disk drives (HDDs), bad blocks can happen when a location on the recording surface is defective or damaged. On NAND flash drives, blocks can become worn from use, making them unreliable or unusable after a certain number of write and erase cycles.
Causes
Storage drives can ship from the factory with defective blocks that originated in the manufacturing process. Before the device leaves the factory, these bad blocks are marked as defective and remapped to the drive's extra memory cells.
A bad block can also result from physical damage to a device that makes it impossible for the OS to access data. On HDDs, mishaps, such as dropping a laptop, can cause the drive head to damage the platter. Dust and natural wear can also damage HDDs.
Damage to a solid-state drive (SSD) can occur when a memory transistor fails. Storage cells can also become unreliable over time, as the NAND flash substrate in a cell becomes unusable after a certain number of program-erase cycles.
The erase process on an SSD requires sending a large electrical charge through the flash cell. Over time, this degrades the oxide layer that separates the floating gate transistors from the flash memory silicon substrate and the bit error rates increase. The drive's controller can use error detection and correction mechanisms to fix these errors. However, at some point, the errors can outstrip the controller's ability to correct them and the cell can become unreliable.
Floating gate memory cell
NAND flash memory uses floating gates to store electrons. A floating gate that contains electrons is charged or programmed. One without electrons is uncharged or erased.
Soft bad sectors are caused by software problems. For instance, if a computer unexpectedly shuts down, the hard drive could turn off in the middle of writing to a block. In this case, the block could contain data that doesn't match its CRC error correction code and would be identified as a bad sector.
What bad blocks do
When a block is damaged or corrupted, it can make the data stored there inaccessible. If operating system or application files are stored in a damaged block, that can cause OS issues or result in an application failing to run. As the number of bad blocks on a disk increases, they can diminish the drive's capacity and performance and eventually cause hardware failure.
Disk utility software, such as CHKDSK on Microsoft Windows systems or badblocks on Linux systems, can scan storage media and mark the failed sectors so that the OS doesn't use them. The firmware on an HDD controller can also identify and mark a bad block as unusable. This usually happens when a block is being overwritten with new data. The controller automatically remaps bad blocks to a different sector. Once it is identified as bad, that sector is not used in future operations.
Bad blocks that are identified during the post-manufacturing testing of a drive are listed on what is called the P-List, short for permanent or primary defect list. Bad blocks found after the drive is in use, caused by physical damage or deterioration of the recording surface, are recorded on the G-List, short for growing list.
When a NAND flash drive identifies a bad block, it's recorded in the device's Bad Block Table (BBT). Before reading from or writing to a NAND device, the controller checks the device's BBT to avoid bad blocks. Flash drives use two kinds of BBTs: NAND-resident ones are retained across system boots, and RAM-resident BBTs are recreated each time the system is booted.
Management
The best way to fix an HDD file that has been affected by a bad block is to write over the original file. This will cause the hard disk to remap the bad block or fix the CRC or data.
Bad block management is critical to improving NAND flash drive reliability and endurance. Unlike magnetic storage media, flash can't be overwritten at the byte level; all changes must be written to a new block and the data in the original block must be marked for deletion.
Once a flash drive fills up, the controller must start clearing out blocks marked for deletion before it can write new data. To do this, it consolidates good data by copying it to a new block. This process requires extra writes to consolidate the good data and results in write amplification where the number of actual writes exceeds the number of writes requested. Write amplification can decrease the performance and life span of a flash drive.
Flash vendors use a number of techniques to control write amplification. One, known as garbage collection, involves proactively consolidating data by freeing up blocks that were written to previously. Done properly, these reallocated sectors can reduce the need to erase entire blocks of data for every write operation.
Storage analyst Eric Slack discusses how NAND flash storage degrades over time and what's being done to increase the endurance of solid-state drives.
Vendors also use data reduction technologies, such as compression and deduplication, to minimize the amount of data being written and erased on a drive. In addition, an SSD's interface can help decrease write amplification. Serial ATA's TRIM and SAS's UNMAP commands identify data blocks no longer in use that can be wiped out. This approach minimizes garbage collection and frees up space on the drive, resulting in better performance.
To extend the life of a solid-state device, the controller software that manages a NAND device can implement a wear-leveling algorithm to distribute program-erase cycles (P/E cycles) evenly across a drive and ensure that no block has excessive use compared with other blocks. With wear leveling, the flash device remaps storage blocks each time a write occurs. This approach ensures that write cycles are spread across all of the memory cells and no one block is written to more than others, reducing the chance that blocks will prematurely fail.
To support operations such as wear leveling and garbage collection, vendors overprovision flash capacity on a drive. That way, a drive has an inventory of cells available to support write operations, improve drive performance and replace cells that wear out.
This was last updated in March 2018
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When experiencing new cuisine, there is nothing fresher than local, farm-raised food. If not raised in an area or experienced with local farmers' markets, how can visitors to Mexico be assured they are consuming local produce? Before ordering an item from the restaurant's menu, here are some of the most popular, regional favorites.
Visitors exploring the Yucatan region will find tropical climates here allow for great growing conditions. Regional cuisines are infused with locally-grown fruits and vegetables. The Yucatan is also one of the rare parts of Mexico that serve citrus; look for this local favorite as an ingredient in many popular dishes. Other fruits, including bananas and plantains thrive in this area; especially in the rainforest areas of Northeastern Yucatan .
Continuing your culinary travels in Mexico , visitors will also find bananas are plentiful in Oaxaca . In this region, bananas are mixed with chilies, chocolate, nuts, spices and other local ingredients to create a mole (mole-ay) sauce. Mole sauces are considered a specialty with each person adding their own concoction of ingredients until the perfect sauce is created. Once made, mole is served over beef or pork.
Another region enjoying mole sauces can be found in Puebla . Here, instead of serving mole over beef and pork, locals enjoy their mole on poultry. Mole content and taste here varies too; as bananas are not found in this region's typical mole sauces.
If visiting coastal areas, be sure to purchase fresh seafood. For guests used to typical salmon-steak fish, you may be pleasantly surprised to know fish is not usually served "steak-style." Shredded, chopped or cut fish is used by people in these areas to serve as a replacement for other types of meats. Therefore, it is not uncommon to see fish tacos, tamales, taquitos or other types of seafood dishes on menus. When served as a substitute for traditional meats, fish is usually served with other vegetables tomatoes, onions, spices and peppers.


From Encyclopedia of Mathematics
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A set $V$ of vertices and a set $E$ of unordered and ordered pairs of vertices; denoted by $G(V,E)$. An unordered pair of vertices is said to be an edge, while an ordered pair is said to be an arc. A graph containing edges alone is said to be non-oriented or undirected; a graph containing arcs alone is said to be oriented or directed. A pair of vertices can be connected by two or more edges (arcs of the same direction) and such edges (arcs) are then said to be multiple. An arc (or edge) can begin and end at the same vertex, in which case it is known as a loop. (A "graph" is sometimes understood to be a graph without loops or multiple edges; in such a case a graph with multiple edges is said to be a multi-graph, whereas one containing both multiple edges and loops is said to be a pseudo-graph.)
Vertices connected by an edge or a loop are said to be adjacent. Edges with a common vertex are also called adjacent. An edge (arc) and any one of its two vertices are said to be incident. One says that an edge $\{u,v\}$ connects two vertices $u$ and $v$, while an arc $(u,v)$ begins at the vertex $u$ and ends at the vertex $v$. Each graph can be represented in Euclidean space by a set of points, corresponding to the vertices, which are connected by lines, corresponding to the edges (or the arcs) of the graph. In three-dimensional space any graph can be represented in such a way that the lines corresponding to edges (arcs) do not intersect at interior points.
There are various ways of specifying a graph. Let $u_1,\dots,u_n$ be the vertices of a graph $G(V,E)$ and let $e_1,\dots,e_m$ be its edges. The adjacency matrix corresponding to $G$ is the matrix $A=(a_{i,j})$ in which the element $a_{i,j}$ equals the number of edges (arcs) which join the vertices $u_i$ and $u_j$ (go from $u_i$ to $u_j$) and $a_{i,j}=0$ if the corresponding vertices are not adjacent. In the incidence matrix $B=(b_{i,j})$ of $G$ the element $b_{i,j}=1$ if the vertex $u_i$ is incident to the edge $e_j$, and $b_{i,j}=0$ if the vertex $u_i$ and the edge $e_j$ are not incident. A graph can be specified by lists, for example, by specifying pairs of vertices connected by edges (arcs) or by specifying the set of vertices adjacent to each vertex. Two graphs $G(V,E)$ and $H(W,I)$ are called isomorphic if there is a one-to-one correspondence between the sets of vertices $V,W$ and the sets of edges $E,I$ which preserves the incidence relationship (see also Graph isomorphism).
A subgraph $G'(V',E')$ of a graph $G(V,E)$ is defined as a graph with set of vertices $V'\subseteq V$ and set of edges (arcs) $E'\subseteq E$, each one of which is incident with vertices from $V'$ only. A subgraph $G'(V',E')$ is said to be generated or induced by the subset $V'\subseteq V$ if it is a graph with set of vertices $V'$ and ordered set of edges (arcs) $E'$, $E'$ consists of by all edges of $G$ which connect vertices of $V'$. A skeleton subgraph or spanning subgraph $G'(V,E')$ contains all vertices of $G$ and some subset of its edges (arcs) $E'\subseteq E$. A sequence of edges $(u_0,u_1),\dots,(u_{r-1},u_r)$ is called an edge progression or walk connecting the vertices $u_0$ and $u_r$. An edge progression is called a chain or trail if all its edges are different and a simple chain or path if all its vertices are different. A closed (simple) chain is also called a (simple) cycle. A graph is said to be connected if any pair of its vertices is connected by an edge progression. A maximal connected subgraph of a graph $G$ is said to be a connected component. A disconnected graph has at least two connected components (see also Graph, connectivity of a).
The length of an edge progression (chain, simple chain) is equal to the number of edges in the order in which they are traversed. The length of the shortest simple chain connecting two vertices $u_i$ and $u_j$ in a graph $G$ is said to be the distance $d(u_i,u_j)$ between $u_i$ and $u_j$. In a connected undirected graph the distance satisfies the axioms of a metric. The quantity $\min_{u_i} \max_{u_j} d(u_i,u_j)$ is called the diameter, while a vertex $u_0$ for which $\max_{u_j} d(u_i,u_j)$ assumes its minimum value is called a centre of $G$. A graph can contain more than one centre or no centre at all.
The degree of a vertex $u_i$ of a graph $G$, denoted by $d_i$, is the number of edges incident with that vertex. If a (loop-free) graph $G$ has $n$ vertices and $m$ edges, then $\sum_{i=1}^n d_i = 2m$. A vertex $u_i$ is said to be isolated if $d_i=0$ and terminal or pendant if $d_i=1$. A graph all vertices of which have the same degree (equal to $k$) is said to be regular of degree $k$. A complete graph has no loops and each pair of vertices is connected by exactly one edge. Let a graph $G(V,E)$ be free from loops or multiple edges; then the complementary graph to $G$ is the graph $\bar{G}(V,E)$ in which $\bar{V}=V$ and vertices are adjacent in $\bar{G}$ only if they are not adjacent in $G$. A graph which is complementary to a complete graph consists of isolated vertices and is known as empty. Many characteristics of a graph $G$ and of its complement $\bar{G}$ are related. In a directed graph $G$ one defines, for each vertex $u_i$, the output (or out) and the input (or in) (semi-) degree as the number of arcs issuing from and entering this vertex, respectively. A complete directed graph is known as a tournament. To each graph $G$ can be assigned a number of graphs which are derived from of $G$. Thus, the edge graph $L(G)$ of $G$ is the graph whose vertices correspond to the edges of $G$ and two vertices are adjacent in $L(G)$ if and only if the corresponding edges of $G$ are adjacent. In the total graph $T(G)$ of $G$ the vertices correspond to the elements of $G$, i.e. to vertices and edges, and two vertices in $T(G)$ are adjacent if and only if the corresponding elements in $G$ are adjacent or incident. Many properties of $G$ carry over to $L(G)$ and $T(G)$. Many generalizations of the concept of a "graph" are known, including that of a hypergraph and of a network graph.
With the aid of suitable operations it is possible to construct a graph from simpler graphs, to pass from a graph to simpler ones, to subdivide a graph into simpler ones, to pass from one graph to another in a given class of graphs, etc. The most common one-place operations include the removal of an edge (the vertices of the edge are preserved), the addition of an edge between two vertices of a graph, the removal of a vertex together with its incident edges (the graph obtained by removal of a vertex $v$ from a graph $G$ is often denoted by $G-v$), the addition of a vertex (which may be connected by edges with certain vertices of the graph), the contraction of an edge — identification of a pair of adjacent vertices, i.e. removal of a pair of adjacent vertices and addition of a new vertex which is adjacent to those vertices of the graph which were adjacent to at least one of the vertices which have been removed, and subdivision of an edge — removal of an edge and addition of a new vertex which is joined by an edge to each vertex of the edge which has been removed.
Two-place operations over a graph are employed in a number of problems in graph theory. Let $G_1(V_1,E_1)$ and $G_2(V_2,E_2)$ be graphs such that $V_1 \cap V_2 = \emptyset$ and $E_1 \cap E_2 = \emptyset$. The union of $G_1$ and $G_2$ is the graph $G = G_1 \cup G_2$ with set of vertices $V = V_1 \cup V_2$ and set of edges $E = E_1 \cup E_2$. The product of $G_1$ and $G_2$ is the graph $G = G_1 \times G_2$ whose set of


text:
A DMV fatality hearing occurs when a motorist is suspected of causing an accident that leads to someone's death or serious injury. The hearing is a legal proceeding to determine whether the DMV will suspend the driving privileges of the person at fault for the accident.
These administrative hearings take place at a DMV office and are conducted by a DMV hearing officer. During the hearing, the officer presents evidence that supports the suspension of a driver's license. The motorist then has the chance to support evidence that challenges suspension.
If the DMV decides to suspend a person's license, it can do so for one year or more.
A driver can request a DMV hearing to:
- challenge this decision, and
- get a driver's license revocation set aside.
Some of the best ways to prepare for a fatality hearing are to:
- seek the help of an experienced DMV hearing lawyer, and
- organize and review any evidence that rebuts license suspension.
Our California criminal defense attorneys will highlight the following in this article:
- 1. What is a DMV fatality hearing?
- 2. What happens if a driver does not attend a fatality hearing?
- 3. What happens during a DMV fatality hearing?
- 4. Can a person challenge a decision at these hearings?
- 5. How should a person prepare?
1. What is a DMV fatality hearing?
A fatality hearing is a legal proceeding conducted by the California Department of Motor Vehicles.
The DMV hearing takes place after the DMV labels a driver a negligent operator because:
- the driver caused or contributed to a traffic accident, and
- a person died or was seriously injured in that accident.1
The Department holds the hearing to determine if it should:
- suspend the motorist's driving privileges, and
- do so because of the accident.2
Both the DMV and the subject driver can introduce evidence during the hearing.
The Department presents evidence to support a license suspension. Some evidence that may show this includes:
- an accident report,
- medical reports of injured parties,
- the motorist's driving record, and
- witness testimony, such as by law enforcement.
The driver can then present evidence to challenge a suspension. Evidence of this nature includes:
- the motorist's driving record (to show a history of safe driving),
- the accident report (to show that the driver did not cause it),
- medical reports of injured parties (to show no death or serious injury), and
- witness testimony (to support any of the above claims).
Note that the DMV can subject a driver to a fatality hearing even if the motorist was not the sole cause of the accident. The Department can hold a hearing if a driver:
- caused the accident, or
- contributed to it in any way.
2. What happens if a driver does not attend a fatality hearing?
The DMV sends a driver a "Notice of Suspension" after labeling the person a negligent operator.
If a driver ignores this notice, or does not attend a hearing, the DMV will:
- suspend or revoke the motorist's driving privileges, and
- do so for one year.3
The one-year period may be even greater if the driver has a poor driving history.
After the suspension period is over, the motorist has to reinstate his or her license. This requires:
- paying fees, and
- filing an SR-22 Insurance Form.4
Note that the latter causes a substantial increase in the person's auto insurance.
3. What happens during a DMV fatality hearing?
A hearing takes place at a DMV Driver Safety Office. It is conducted by a DMV hearing officer.
An officer is a Department employee and is not:
- a lawyer, or
- a judge.
The hearing officer begins the hearing by introducing the Department's case. This means presenting evidence that supports license suspension.
The subject driver then has the chance to present evidence that challenges suspension. The motorist wants to show that:
- he or she did not contribute to or cause,
- a traffic collision that caused a death or serious injury.
Note that a driver has the right to an attorney throughout the hearing process to help accomplish this aim.
If the DMV decides to suspend a person's license, it can do so for one year or more.5
4. Can a person challenge a decision at these hearings?
A driver can request a DMV hearing to:
- challenge the Department's decision, and
- get a driver's license suspension set aside.6
A hearing officer may decide the following after a hearing:
- a license suspension gets set aside.
- the motorist gets placed on negligent operator probation. This means a suspension does not go into effect. It will though if the driver commits a violation or an accident.
- the driver gets a suspension but is granted a restricted license, or
- a license gets suspended.7
5. How should a person prepare?
A motorist can do many things to prepare for a fatality hearing. Some of the best are:
- contact an experienced DMV attorney for help at the hearing,
- collect, organize, and review any evidence that challenges a license suspension,
- contact persons who can testify at the hearing about safe driving history.
The subject driver should also contact the DMV and get a copy of his/her driving history. If it is clean, the motorist can use this as evidence. The history will show that:
- despite the accident in question,
- the driver is a skilled and safe driver and another car accident is not likely to occur.
For additional help…
Accused of causing a serious or fatal accident? To discuss your case with a criminal defense attorney, we invite you to contact us at Shouse Law Group.
- California DMV website – Negligent Operator Hearings, Guidelines and Actions.
- See same. See also California Vehicle Code 13800a VC.
- California DMV website – Financial Responsibility (Insurance) Requirements for Vehicle Registration (FFVR 18).
- California Vehicle Code 14100.
- California Vehicle Code 12813.


text:
On the Feasibility of DHT Lookup in Ad-Hoc Networks
Date de parution
Various peer-to-peer (PIP) architectures for ad-hoc networks have been proposed over the last few years. Most of them are unstructured and use some form of flooding to locate content, because the physical constraints of the underlying network make the construction of arbitrary application-layer overlays impractical. In this paper, we study the problem of applying distributed hash tables (DHT) for mobile ad-hoc networks. Our approach to efficiently lookup content in such networks exploits physical proximity of peers when establishing and maintaining the DHT based routing tables. Tire efficiency of our method is demonstrated by simulation of large networks.
Type de publication
Dossier(s) à télécharger


, pharyngeal reconstruction is performed with different kinds of sutures in two or more layers and is finished with skin suture and suction drainage. One of worst complications following this surgery is pharyngocutaneous fistula (PF. Modifications proposed in this this article suggests vertical skin incision with larynx removal from below upwards. In pharyngeal reconstruction we used the running locked suture in submucosal plan with „tobacco sac" at the end on the tongue base instead of traditional T shaped suture. Suction drains were not used.The aim of study was to present the modified surgical technique of total laryingectomy and its impact on hospital stay duration and pharyngocutanous fistula formation. In this randomized study we analyzed 49 patients operated with modified surgical technique compared to 49 patient operated with traditional surgical technique of total laryngectomy. The modified technique of total laryngectomy was presented. Using modified technique we managed to decrease the PF percentage from previous 20,41% to acceptable 8,16% (p=0,0334. Also, the average hospital stay was shortened from 14,96 to 10,63 days (t =-2.9850; p=0.0358.The modified technique of total laryngectomy is safe, short and efficient surgical intervention which decreases the number of pharyngocutaneos fistulas and shortens the hospital stay.
 9. Complexation thermodynamics of modified cyclodextrins
 DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
 Schönbeck, Jens Christian Sidney; Westh, Peter; Holm, Rene
 2014-01-01
 Inclusion complexes between two bile salts and a range of differently methylated β-cyclodextrins were studied in an attempt to rationalize the complexation thermodynamics of modified cyclodextrins. Calorimetric titrations at a range of temperatures provided precise values of the enthalpies (ΔH......°), entropies (ΔS°), and heat capacities (ΔCp) of complexation, while molecular dynamics simulations assisted the interpretation of the obtained thermodynamic parameters. As previously observed for several types of modified cyclodextrins, the substituents at the rims of the cyclodextrin induced large changes......° and then a strong decrease when the degree of substitution exceeded some threshold. Exactly the same trend was observed for ΔCp. The dehydration of nonpolar surface, as quantified by the simulations, can to a large extent explain the variation in the thermodynamic parameters. The methyl substituents form additional...
 10. Generalized gravity from modified DFT
 International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
 Sakatani, Yuho; Uehara, Shozo; Yoshida, Kentaroh
 2017-01-01
 Recently, generalized equations of type IIB supergravity have been derived from the requirement of classical kappa-symmetry of type IIB superstring theory in the Green-Schwarz formulation. These equations are covariant under generalized T-duality transformations and hence one may expect a formulation similar to double field theory (DFT). In this paper, we consider a modification of the DFT equations of motion by relaxing a condition for the generalized covariant derivative with an extra generalized vector. In this modified double field theory (mDFT), we show that the flatness condition of the modified generalized Ricci tensor leads to the NS-NS part of the generalized equations of type IIB supergravity. In particular, the extra vector fields appearing in the generalized equations correspond to the extra generalized vector in mDFT. We also discuss duality symmetries and a modification of the string charge in mDFT.
 11. Generalized gravity from modified DFT
 Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
 Sakatani, Yuho [Department of Physics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine,Kyoto _PHONE_ (Japan); Fields, Gravity and Strings, CTPU,Institute for Basic Sciences, Daejeon 34047 (Korea, Republic of); Uehara, Shozo [Department of Physics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine,Kyoto _PHONE_ (Japan); Yoshida, Kentaroh [Department of Physics, Kyoto University,Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Kyoto _PHONE_ (Japan)
 2017-04-20
 Recently, generalized equations of type IIB supergravity have been derived from the requirement of classical kappa-symmetry of type IIB superstring theory in the Green-Schwarz formulation. These equations are covariant under generalized T-duality transformations and hence one may expect a formulation similar to double field theory (DFT). In this paper, we consider a modification of the DFT equations of motion by relaxing a condition for the generalized covariant derivative with an extra generalized vector. In this modified double field theory (mDFT), we show that the flatness condition of the modified generalized Ricci tensor leads to the NS-NS part of the generalized equations of type IIB supergravity. In particular, the extra vector fields appearing in the generalized equations correspond to the extra generalized vector in mDFT. We also discuss duality symmetries and a modification of the string charge in mDFT.
 12. Disulfiram as a radiation modifier
 International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
 Taylor, R.D.; Maners, A.W.; Salari, H.; Baker, M.; Walker, E.M. Jr.
 1986-01-01
 The radiation modifying effect and toxicity of tetraethylthiuram disulfide (disulfiram) have been studied. Disulfiram (DSM) inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, dopamine-beta-oxygenase, microsomal mixed-function oxidases and cytochrome P-450 enzymes. It is widely used for aversion therapy in alcoholism. Disulfiram also inhibits tumor formation by several known carcinogens. A biphasic toxicity pattern of DSM is reported in the L-929 mouse fibroblast culture system. Disulfiram is 100 percent toxic at 2 X 10(-7) M (0.05 micrograms per ml), 23 percent toxic at 3 X 10(-7) M (0.1 microgram per ml), and 100 percent toxic again at 3.4 X 10(-6) M (1.0 microgram per ml). The pattern is similar to the biphasic toxicity pattern of DMS's major metabolite, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC). Reports of both radiation protection and radiation enhancement by DTC exist. Previously, a radioprotective effect by 2 X 10(-6) M DTC (dose modifying factor = 1.26) has been demonstrated in the L-929 cell system. To date, no radiation modifying properties of DSM have been reported. Our investigation of DSM as a radiation modifier at 3 X 10(-7) M (0.1 microgram per ml) did not show significant improvement in survival of irradiated cells treated with DSM relative to the irradiated control group, as determined by absence of a difference in the Do of the two groups. Considering DSM's close structural relationship to DTC, it is possible that DSM may exhibit a radioprotective effect when applied in a different concentration than what was used in our research
 13. QGP and Modified Jet Fragmentation
 International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
 Wang, Xin-Nian
 2005-01-01
 Recent progresses in the study of jet modification in hotmedium and their consequences in high-energy heavy-ion collisions are reviewed. In particular, I will discuss energy loss for propagating heavy quarks and the resulting modified fragmentation function. Medium modification of the parton fragmentation function due to quark recombination are formulated within finite temperature field theory and their implication on the search for deconfined quark-gluon plasma is also discussed
 14. Cosmological tests of modified gravity.
 Science.gov (United States)
 Koyama, Kazuya
 2016-04-01
 We review recent progress in the construction of modified gravity models as alternatives to dark energy as well as the development of cosmological tests of gravity. Einstein's theory of general relativity (GR) has been tested accurately within the local universe i.e. the Solar System, but this leaves the possibility open that it is not a good description of gravity at the largest scales in the Universe. This being said, the standard model of cosmology assumes GR on all scales. In 1998, astronomers made the surprising discovery that the expansion of the Universe is accelerating, not slowing down. This late-time acceleration of the Universe has become the most challenging problem in theoretical physics. Within the framework of GR, the acceleration would originate from an unknown dark energy. Alternatively, it could be that there is no dark energy and GR itself is in error on cosmological scales. In this review, we first give an overview of recent developments in modified gravity theories including f(R) gravity, braneworld gravity, Horndeski theory and massive/bigravity theory. We then focus on common properties these models share, such as screening mechanisms they use to evade the stringent Solar System tests. Once armed with a theoretical knowledge of modified gravity models, we move on to discuss how we can test modifications of gravity on cosmological scales. We


text:
Data and Information
- Data Initiatives
- Satellite Sensing Systems
Data Systems for LCLUC Research
The unprecedented large volumes of data for land use research have necessitated the development of innovative data processing, delivery and analysis systems. The evolving EOS Data and Information System and a number of competed research opportunities such as REASON and ACCESS, have provided support for data systems research and development. The MODIS Advanced Data Processing System (MODAPS) at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is generating land-cover related products from the daily MODIS instruments on board the Terra and Aqua platforms. Data products at 250m -1km are being reprocessed as the algorithms are improved to provide consistent data records. This system is currently being enhanced to provide MODIS land product distribution capabilities to augment the services provided by the NASA Distributed Active Archive Center at the Eros Data Center to meet the needs of the MODIS science community.
The Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive processing system is developing procedures for automated atmospheric correction and mosaicing of Landsat data and the generation of high resolution disturbance time series. The Global Land Cover Facility (GLCF) at the University of Maryland has developed a low cost system for processing and distribution of large volumes of land-cover data and enhanced data sets. Similarly, the Landsat.org project developed at Michigan State University (MSU) has developed a platform independent user interface and search engine for on-line purchasing, ordering and sharing of Landsat data worldwide. The Tropical Rain Forest Information Center at MSU provides Landsat derived data sets associated with monitoring tropical deforestation.
In partnership with the private sector, NASA purchased a global data set of cloud-free Landsat imagery for 1990 and 2000. These data were orthorectified and are easily accessible and freely available. They have greatly increased the use of Landsat data for LCLUC studies worldwide. In May 2003 the Landsat 7 scan line corrector failed and although the instrument continues to receive data, the imagery are of limited use. With no Landsat instrument ready to replace Landsat 7, there is an increasing data gap, posing a critical impediment to LCLUC science. The LCLUC program, working with the USGS is developing a mid-decadal (2004-2006) high resolution global cloud-free data set to extend the previous global data sets. The data set will include data from Landsat 5, ASTER, EO1 and Landsat 7 temporal composites. This data set will include data provided by foreign ground stations and possibly foreign high resolution satellites. It is hoped that international cooperation concerning this data set could provide a prototype for future international efforts to coordinate high resolution global data acquisition from the increasing number of high resolution assets in the framework of GEOSS.
Land use and land cover change studies at regional to global scales require large numbers of field sites for algorithm development and accuracy evaluation. Rapid development in integration of digital camera, hand-held GPS device, computer and internet make it possible for both scientific communities and citizens to collect and share geo-referenced field photos. The Global Geo-Referenced Field Photo Library, developed at the Earth Observation and Modeling Facility of University of Oklahoma, offers the capacity for users to upload, query (by themes and geographically), and download geo-referenced field photos in the library. It offers interactive capacity for users to interpret and classify field photos into relevant land cover types and builds photo-based land cover database. The users can use both photos and associated databases to carry out land use and land cover analysis in a geographical information system. The users who provide field photos can decide whether individual photos are to be shared or not. This tool and the resultant photo library will enable our NASA LCLUC communities to share their field photos, and promote the NASA LCLUC effort in remote sensing.
Satellite Sensing Systems
Satellite data provide an important source of information for characterizing and monitoring land-cover and land-use change. In some regions it is the only feasible way to provide timely and reliable land-cover assessments and identify areas of rapid change. Recent land-cover history also provides a point of departure for modeling land-cover change.
NASA Current Missions for LCLUC Research
NASA currently has sensing systems at high, medium and low resolution, which meet the LCLUC program observation needs. NASA satellite systems supplement operational satellites providing systematic measurements to study long-term trends. For example, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments on the EOS Terra (AM) and Aqua (PM) platforms have significantly improved on the capabilities of the operational NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). These moderate resolution data are used to classify and characterize land-cover at the global scale and to detect land-cover change at the regional scale. They also provide daily monitoring of fire activity which is often an indicator of land-cover change. The operational Defense Meteorological Satellite Program provides a capability to map the extent of night time lights and has been used by LCLUC scientists to document the extent and growth of urban areas.
Landsat 7 has provided the systematic high resolution observations necessary to map and quantify land-cover changes at the local to regional scale. The Landsat class observations are a critical underpinning for LCLUC research. The Landsat 7 global acquisition strategy providing multiple cloud-free scenes each year, has facilitated land-cover studies around the world. The LCLUC program has been pioneering methods for regional analysis of Landsat class observations setting the stage for periodic continental and global assessments of land-cover change. In this regard, the combination of systematic moderate and high resolution satellite remote sensing provides the opportunity for global scale studies and forms the basis for a global land observing system. Similarly, the NASA science programs are moving from Missions to Measurements with the aim of utilizing data from different instruments to address science questions.
Experimental measurements of limited duration are needed to better understand processes and to test new sensor technologies. For example, the Earth Observer 1 (EO1) system has provided a test-bed for new sensor technology and spaceborne hyper-spectral remote sensing. Similarly the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) sensor has provided new high resolution thermal data collocated with MODIS data for improved surface characterization and validation of coarser MODIS thermal products. In the past experimental microwave satellite sensors operated by Europe and Japan have been used for mapping the extent of wetland areas. NASA LCLUC research in this part of the spectrum has been limited by the absence of a current US microwave sensing system.
NASA has also been exploring partnerships with industry for the commercial provision of data to meet the needs of its science community. In particular, hyperspatial data with 1-3m resolution from sensors such as IKONOS and Quickbird have been used to provide detailed validation of high resolution products.
NASA Future Missions for LCLUC Research
NASA as part of the Integrated Program Office is contributing to the NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP). The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument is planned to transition MODIS class observations into the operational domain. The VIIRS instrument for launch in 2009 will continue the long term data records of vegetation indices, land-cover and fire. The NASA NPP Science Team is contributing to and evaluating the operational algorithms which will provide VIIRS Environmental Data Records (EDR's). The science team is determining whether these operational products will meet the needs of the science community and which additional or enhanced products will be needed.
NASA has been charged with providing a continuity mission for the Landsat class of observations. As the major science driver for this mission, the LCLUC program is concerned that the mission be launched as soon as possible to minimize the Landsat 7 data gap. There are a number of possible solutions to securing rapid high resolution data continuity including a micro satellite imaging constellation. Clearly, as part of this mission, it will be important to establish the pathway for operational provision of Landsat class observations. Additional mission requirements for LCLUC research are being developed through a NRC Decadal Survey for NASA.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Milk vending machines are not new, but a low-cost Milk ATM built by the farmer for the farmer is. 28-year-old Class XI dropout Nilesh Gussar, a farmer from Gujarat, India has developed the indigenous milk dispensing machine.
Earlier it was milkman Kurien in Anand the founder of Amul now milk ATM man Nilesh. Farmers are the real backbone & Soul of any country. And now "Nilesh Gussar" have raised to next level.
According to Gussar, farmers can get one-and-half-times more price for their milk using the milk ATMs as they can fix the rate for the produce. "Farmers can recover the cost of the machine within a year. That is why farmers having more than three buffaloes or cows prefer this machine," claimed Nilesh.
Image source: TOI
Depending on its carrying capacity, which extends from 50-250 liters, each Milk ATM costs in the range of Rs 75,000 to Rs 1,50,000.
He has further enhanced the system by creating its cashless version. Besides refrigeration, the milk ATMs have battery backup in case of power failure.
It gives users options to dispense milk — biometric fingerprinting, username and password or through a prepaid card.
The first version of the machine accepted only currency notes of Rs 20, Rs 50 and Rs 100 denominations to dispense milk.
These milk ATMs are gaining popularity among farmers who don't want to sell milk to dairies. Now they can sell milk at their own rates rather than depending on middlemen or dairy cooperatives.
He had first assembled the milk ATM for his own use. Soon it became popular and he has sold over 30 machines. For someone who has never had formal training in engineering, this is a remarkable achievement.
As is usually the case, this innovation came from a rural area, and not from any hi-tech engineering company, or engineering college. This is why governments need to concentrate on development in the rural areas, rather than more urbanization.
Such innovation required to farmers who can avoid middlemen and can get correct price for their products. It may in turn help in reduction of price rise. Similar innovations need to be encouraged and appreciated.
- KAMI-OTO Helps You to Make DIY Cardboard Musical Keyboard
- Startup 22Motors Launches First Cloud-Connected Electric Scooter in India!


How to Pluck a Chicken
Howard Shooter/Dorling Kindersley RF/Getty Images
Raising chickens yourself in the back yard, or buying them direct and intact from the farmer, is one way to guarantee you're getting an immaculately fresh bird. Unfortunately, it also means you'll need to pluck and clean the chicken before you cook it. This isn't especially difficult but it is a messy process, best performed outdoors. If you're doing several birds at once an outdoor cooker is helpful, but a pot of hot water from your stove is sufficient for one or two.
Select a pot large enough to hold a chicken and a gallon or two of water, as well. Heat the water on the stovetop, or on an outdoor cooker, until it reaches a temperature of 125 to 140 degrees Fahrenheit. Bring the pot outdoors, if you've heated it on the stovetop.
Pull on a pair of thick rubber gloves. Lift the chicken by its feet, and immerse it in the hot water.
Hold the chicken underneath the surface of the hot water with a stick, or a long wooden spoon. Swirl it a few times around the pot, to make sure the hot water penetrates the feathers and reaches the bird's entire skin.
Remove the chicken from the water after 30 to 60 seconds, and lay it on a clean tarpaulin or plastic bag. Pull away feathers by the handful, starting at the wings where they're harder to pluck and will come away more easily when warm. Hold the bird so its feathers are pointing in your direction and then pluck away from your body, so you're pulling the feathers at a sharp angle to their natural direction.
Continue until you've removed all the feathers. You might opt to simply cut away the bird's wingtips with shears or a sharp knife, rather than trying to pluck them. Some birds will have a number of small, quill-like pinfeathers. Remove these with a pair of pliers, or scorch them off with a torch.


text:
Harrison County was at one time a part of Keokuk County. It was established in 1851 and became an organized county, March 7, 1853, by an act of the Fourth General Assembly, which enactment also appointed Abram Fletcher, Charles Wolcott and A. D. Jones, respectively from Fremont, Mills and Pottawattamie counties, as Commissioners to locate the county seat, the name of which was to be Magnolia, and who were to meet early in March for such purpose. The county derived its name in honor of the Ninth President of the United States - William Henry Harrison.
The Commissioners selected the southeast corner of T80, R43, section 32 and then gave to the 160 acres thus selected the name of "Magnolia" and the Organizing Sheriff called an election on the first Monday of April, the same year - 1853, at which time a full corps of county officers was elected. There were other locations claiming the county seat Daniel Brown wanted it at what he platted and called Calhoun, while another faction wanted it located where Logan now stands, or on the opposite side of the Boyer River.
Properly speaking, Magnolia and Jefferson were the two voting precincts of the county, upon its first being organized, however, some of the persons living in the county prior to March 14, 1853 - time of organization, had exercised the right of franchise by going to Council Bluffs to cast their votes


text:
The led specifications are divided into 5050led strips, 3528led strips, 0603led strips, and 3020led strips (all of which are patch led strips); another is the Great Wall strip. From the length of led light strips, there are commonly 5 m, 1 m to tens of centimeters of light strips. The length of the led engineering light strip is generally freely detachable.
According to the use of led engineering light strips: there are car decoration led light strips, hotel KTV bars and other entertainment venues decorative led light strips. The length of a single strip of led strips for car decoration is generally shorter. LED light strips produced by the brand of LED light strips have problems with glue bubbles. The main reasons are the long operation time of the glue, the excessive amount of glue, the incorrect stirring method, no vacuum degassing or the degassing time being too short.
1. Be sure to defoam (vacuum machine). The recommended defoaming time is 6-8 minutes.
2. Glue operation time is too long: the longer the epoxy AB glue or polyurethane glue is left for mixing, the viscosity of the glue will become thicker and thicker. When the glue becomes thicker, the bubbles will be difficult to discharge.
Solution: shorten the operation time, (divided into: dispensing time, vacuum time, parking time, use time when dispensing).
3, the amount of glue: epoxy resin or polyurethane glue at a certain ambient temperature, the greater the amount of glue at a time, the faster the curing speed. If the amount of glue is too much, the glue will gradually increase in viscosity over time, and the glue will become more viscous. At this time, the air bubbles are relatively difficult to discharge.
Solution: led light strip manufacturers recommend that customers dispense a little less glue, which is more suitable at 200G / 200G. If you want to mix more, it is recommended that the glue moisture be 2-4 cups after degassing and vacuuming (principle: the larger the volume, the faster the curing speed). If you do not distinguish, then the glue viscosity will thicken in a short time. Back bubbles are difficult to discharge. Incorrect mixing method: Solution, stir clockwise. Because clockwise stirring and counterclockwise stirring are more likely to generate air bubbles.


text: The pulse output port of Panasonic FP0H can also serve as a PWM output port. One of the application examples is an analog voltage output, which can be used for inverter speed control. Ladder programs can be combined to create an application for counting pulse signals from the encoder through the high speed counter input and adjusting the pulse output frequency based on the count to synchronize the slave axis speed with the master axis speed. In the lower figure, the speed of conveyor 1, which is inverter controlled, is measured based on the encoder pulse count, and pulses are output (for jog operation) to the motor (slave) according to the measured speed in order to synchronize the speed of conveyor 2. Built-in 4-axis pulse output, so simultaneous control of 2-axis linear interpolation is possible for two sets. For example, two X-Y tables can be controlled. An Ethernet type control unit supports EtherNet/IP. Easy connection with all kinds of robots and PLCs enables control and communication. Note: EtherNet/IP is a trademark of ODVA, Inc. With ease and at low cost, extend the serial communication functionality of control unit.


ing is permitted.
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IndexIgnore .??* *~ *# HEADER* README* RCS CVS *,v *,t
#
# DefaultLanguage and AddLanguage allows you to specify the language of
# a document. You can then use content negotiation to give a browser a
# file in a language the user can understand.
#
# Specify a default language. This means that all data
# going out without a specific language tag (see below) will
# be marked with this one. You probably do NOT want to set
# this unless you are sure it is correct for all cases.
#
# * It is generally better to not mark a page as
# * being a certain language than marking it with the wrong
# * language!
#
# DefaultLanguage nl
#
# Note 1: The suffix does not have to be the same as the language
# keyword --- those with documents in Polish (whose net-standard
# language code is pl) may wish to use "AddLanguage pl .po" to
# avoid the ambiguity with the common suffix for perl scripts.
#
# Note 2: The example entries below illustrate that in some cases
# the two character 'Language' abbreviation is not identical to
# the two character 'Country' code for its country,
# E.g. 'Danmark/dk' versus 'Danish/da'.
#
# Note 3: In the case of 'ltz' we violate the RFC by using a three char
# specifier. There is 'work in progress' to fix this and get
# the reference data for rfc1766 cleaned up.
#
# Catalan (ca) - Croatian (hr) - Czech (cs) - Danish (da) - Dutch (nl)
# English (en) - Esperanto (eo) - Estonian (et) - French (fr) - German (de)
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LanguagePriority en ca cs da de el eo es et fr he hr it ja ko ltz nl nn no pl pt pt-BR ru sv zh-CN zh-TW
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# [in case no accepted languages matched the available variants]
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ForceLanguagePriority Prefer Fallback
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AddDefaultCharset UTF-8
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# AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration
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#AddType application/x-tar .tgz
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AddType application/x-compress .Z
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
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# MIME-types for downloading Certificates and CRLs
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AddType application/x-x509-ca-cert .crt
AddType application/x-pkcs7-crl .crl
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# AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers":
# actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server
# or added with the Action directive (see below)
#
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#AddHandler cgi-script .cgi
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AddHandler type-map var
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#
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# (You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.)
#
AddType text/html .shtml
AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml
#
# Action lets you define media types that will execute a script whenever
# a matching file is called. This eliminates the need for repeated URL
# pathnames for oft-used CGI file processors.
# Format: Action media/type /cgi-script/location
# Format: Action handler-name /cgi-script/location
#
#
# Customizable error responses come in three flavors:
# 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects
#
# Some examples:
#ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo."
#ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html
#ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl"
#ErrorDocument 402 _URL_
#
#
# Putting this all together, we can internationalize error responses.
#
# We use Alias to redirect any /error/HTTP_<error>.html.var response to
# our collection of by-error message multi-language collections. We use
# includes to substitute the appropriate text.
#
# You can modify the messages' appearance without changing any of the
# default HTTP_<error>.html.var files by adding the line:
#
# Alias /error/include/ "/your/include/path/"
#
# which allows you to create your own set of files by starting with the
# /var/www/error/include/ files and
# copying them to /your/include/path/, even on a per-VirtualHost basis.
#
Alias /error/ "/var/www/error/"
<IfModule mod_negotiation.c>
<IfModule mod_include.c>
 <Directory "/var/www/error">
 AllowOverride None
 Options IncludesNoExec
 AddOutputFilter Includes html
 AddHandler type-map var
 Order allow,deny
 Allow from all
 LanguagePriority en es de fr
 ForceLanguagePriority Prefer Fallback
 </Directory>
# ErrorDocument 400 /error/HTTP_BAD_REQUEST.html.var
# ErrorDocument 401 /error/HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED.html.var
# ErrorDocument 403 /error/HTTP_FORBIDDEN.html.var
# ErrorDocument 404 /error/HTTP_NOT_FOUND.html.var
# ErrorDocument 405 /error/HTTP_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED.html.var
# ErrorDocument 408 /error/HTTP_REQUEST_TIME_OUT.html.var
# ErrorDocument 410 /error/HTTP_GONE.html.var
# ErrorDocument 411 /error/HTTP_LENGTH_REQUIRED.html.var
# ErrorDocument 412 /error/HTTP_PRECONDITION_FAILED.html.var
# ErrorDocument 413 /error/HTTP_REQUEST


Energy-Efficient Ventilation Systems for Chicago Buildings
Chelsey Bipat
Author : Chelsey Bipat
October 31, 2018
4 Minutes Read
 Chicago's Climate Action Plan is highly ambitious and one of the most sophisticated in the world. After substantial research and input by dozens of experts and leading scientists, five strategies were adopted exactly a decade ago, one of which aims to have the most energy efficient buildings possible in Chicago by the year 2020.
 Chicago Building Process-2
 Above: The iconic Sears Tower, one of the first really energy-efficient high-rise buildings in Chicago stands up above the skyline.
 The motivation is driven by a realization that without both local and global action, the impact of climate change on Chicago's weather could be dramatic.
 Not only must new Chicago buildings meet stringent energy-efficient standards, but existing residential, commercial, and industrial buildings are being retrofitted and upgraded. The energy-efficient buildings strategy incorporates:
 - new guidelines for renovations
 - an update to the City's energy code, including legislation that affects ventilation systems
 - water conservation
 - the establishment of green roofs and planting of trees
 - trade in of outdated non-energy efficient appliances
 "Reducing energy consumption and emissions by an average of 30 percent in 9,200 buildings by 2020 could produce reductions of 1.3 MMTCO2e," the City says. By 2020, at least half of the buildings in Chicago should have been retrofitted. Additionally, the City's energy code will align with the latest international standards that demand a reduction of 1.13 MMTCO2e (million metric tons carbon dioxide equivalent, which is the term for the quantity of any greenhouse gases by weighing it by its relative global warming potential) and building renovations will have to meet green standards that demand a reduction of.31 MMTCO2e.
 Whilst energy-efficient ventilation systems in buildings is only part of the plan for Chicago, the switch to this type of ventilation is vitally important.
 Passive ventilation relies on natural airflow and temperature differences between the inside and outside of buildings to draw in and circulate fresh air. Mechanical ventilation utilizes fans and ducts and is a much more reliable and economical source of good ventilation.
 Mechanical Ventilation in Chicago Buildings
 Today, the best practice to achieve modern, high-performance homes is to have a whole-house ventilation strategy that involves building "tight" and then ventilating with a mechanical ventilation system. What you spend on energy to achieve this you will save on heating and cooling. By incorporating mechanical ventilation with a system that utilizes heating, cooling, and air recirculation, engineers are able to combat the severe summer heat and winter cold that are so typical in Chicago and surrounding areas.
 In a comprehensive layman's guide to Whole-Building Delivered Ventilation and on their website, the US Department of Energy describes the different ventilation systems:
 - Exhaust-only ventilation that involves stale air being pulled out of the building. The outdoor air that enters the building is neither filtered or conditioned. It is relatively inexpensive and works well in cold climates. On the downside, exhaust systems can draw contaminated air into living spaces and it doesn't work in hot, humid climates.
 - Supply-only ventilation that is the opposite of supply-only ventilation and utilizes an HVAC system supply fan to draw air in from outside. It is usually filtered and conditioned and then circulated through the HVAC system. It is also relatively inexpensive, but enables better control than exhaust systems. It can though create moisture problems in colder climates.
 - Central fan integrated supply ventilation that draws in outdoor air when the heating/cooling system is energized.
 - Balanced ventilation that is a combination of supply and exhaust so that there is always fresh air and minimal energy loss. This type of ventilation system utilizes heat recovery ventilators (HRVs) or energy recovery ventilators (ERVs) that control ventilation and is the best type of mechanical ventilation available, even though it is the most expensive.
 - Intermittently balanced ventilation that is similar to balanced ventilation but doesn't use HRV or ERV.
 The reason Chicago's energy efficient buildings initiative embraces retrofits for older buildings is largely because mechanical ventilation wasn't common in older Chicago buildings. While modern homes are designed with a building envelope that makes the structure more energy efficient, older homes had leaky envelopes that often resulted in mold and mildew forming.
 To design whole-house ventilation systems, engineers do precise calculations based on square footage of floor areas and the number of bedrooms, combined with climatic needs. This means that a ventilation system designed for Dallas, Texas will be completely different to one designed for Chicago, Illinois.
 In Chicago, Whole House Mechanical Ventilation Systems are defined in the City's Municipal Code. Essentially they are supply or exhaust systems (or a combination of the two) that are designed in accordance with R403.6, a mandatory energy conservation requirement that applies to mechanical ventilation in all residential projects. The system must be designed "to mechanically exchange indoor air for outdoor air when operating continuously or through a programmed intermittent schedule to satisfy the whole house ventilation rate." The person designing the system must also take steps to ensure that there is no infiltration of air when the mechanical ventilation system isn't operating. R403.6 also covers recirculation of air in residential buildings, specifically in relation to toilets and bathrooms, as well as airflow rates for certain floor areas and numbers of bedrooms.
 Heating and cooling equipment has to comply with the requirements of R403.7. Since it is usually part of a more comprehensive HVAC system, there is an element of ventilation here too.
 Energy Conservation Compliance in Chicago
 In terms of the Chicago Building Code's updated requirements for energy conservation, since June 2018 a new compliance statement is required from Illinois-licensed engineers and architects. Department of Buildings inspectors now spot-check to ensure that construction of homes and other buildings is being carried out in accordance with approved plans and permits.
 Additionally, ventilation bureau inspectors inspect both new and existing Chicago building to ensure that ventilation complies with the building code.
 This is why it is essential to use a registered Chicago engineering company or MEP engineering team for your ventilation needs.
 We specialize in passive housing projects that incorporate energy-efficient ventilation systems. Whether you need to retrofit or design and build from scratch, our team will work with you to ensure you get the best results from today's passive house technology.
 Tags energy conservation | Chicago Climate Action Plan | greenhouse gases | mechanical ventilation | whole-house ventilation | balanced ventilation
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These recommendations were originally prepared for the Health Research Council of NZ to support the assessment of HRC applications using IDI data. They are not part of the formal HRC assessment process.
6 September 2018, Version 1.0
Sheree Gibb1, Andrea Teng1, James Stanley1, Andrew Sporle2, Barry Milne2, Lucy Ashby3, Gabrielle Davie1, Nevil Pierse1, Colin Simpson4, Tony Blakely1, Jeroen Douwes5
- University of Otago
- University of Auckland
- Statistics New Zealand
- University of Victoria Wellington
- Massey University
- Executive summary.
- What is the VHIN?.
- What is the IDI?.
- Benefits of using IDI data.
- Things to look for in applications planning to use IDI data.
- Research Impact.
- Design and methods considerations.
- Practical issues with working in the IDI
- Responsiveness to Māori
- Expertise and track record.
- Further information.
This document is authored by expert members of Virtual Health Information Network (VHIN), and is intended to provide some background information about the Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI) for HRC assessing committees. It describes the VHIN, the IDI, highlights the benefits of the IDI for health research, and identifies some key elements that reviewers and/or assessing committees might want to know about the IDI when considering proposals that plan to use these data. Well-designed research in the IDI has the potential for high value health research output.
Committees assessing applications (either at full or Expression of Interest stage) that use IDI data will ideally include researchers experienced with the IDI. This document is intended to supplement (not replace) IDI expertise on the assessing committees.
In 2015, with the expansion of health data in the StatsNZ IDI, the VHIN was established to create and sustain an environment that captures value from health data collections and other social and economic data. The VHIN is a network of over two hundred researchers, analysts and other professionals who use health and social data to generate insights that support the health and wellness of all New Zealanders. The network facilitates sharing and collaboration amongst network members in order to enhance health research outputs and improve health service delivery and health outcomes in New Zealand. Funding for the network has come from the Healthier Lives National Science Challenge, Health Promotion Agency, University of Auckland, Massey University and University of Otago. The VHIN is led by an Executive comprising University, Māori, Ministry of Health, and Statistics New Zealand stakeholders (VHIN Executive). Further information available at: _URL_
The IDI is a large research database through which national health datasets are linked, using deterministic and probabilistic methods, to other government administrative data, survey data, census data and some NGO data. The IDI is managed by StatsNZ (formerly Statistics NZ) and protected under the 'five safes framework' where access is only allowed for trusted researchers and approved projects that are for the public good. Adding in data to the IDI is probably one of the highest priority areas to improve research quality in the IDI, especially if that data can be used for further research projects that follow. Further information on data available in the IDI is available here: _URL_
Benefits of using IDI data
Over the last few years there has been increasing interest from health researchers in using IDI data. The linking of whole population data across different sectors opens up avenues of research that were difficult or impossible previously. Many of the benefits of using the IDI are similar to the benefits of research using linked administrative health data (like the National Minimum Data Set of hospital discharges) with the addition of datasets from multiple agencies. Some of the major advantages of IDI data for health research include:
- Linking information across sectors. Many national health datasets are now linked to national longitudinal data on education, social service use, justice, income, housing, census, border movements, and several StatsNZ surveys.
- Whole population data analysis. Many datasets in the IDI have national coverage and contain service use data for the whole population of New Zealand. The large sample sizes allow for analysis of small groups and rare events in ways that are not possible in projects that are dependent on primary collection of new data for that study (including surveys and other observational studies).
- Longitudinal data. Many of the datasets in IDI have a natural longitudinal structure, allowing researchers to follow cohorts of individuals over time.
- No recall bias. Administrative data eliminates the risk of recall bias, which is a problem when reliant on self-reports of service use (e.g. hospitalisation or pharmaceutical dispensing).
- Linking children and mothers. Using birth records in IDI it is possible to link (New Zealand born) children to their mothers. This provides information about a child's early environment (including during gestation).
- Security and confidentiality of the underlying data are carefully considered and are managed by an experienced agency (StatsNZ).
Overall, the IDI is an important potential tool in health research and just like any other scientific tool knowledge and previous experience is the key factor for quality research. This section contains some suggested points to consider when assessing projects that plan to use IDI data.
There is a StatsNZ expectation that IDI users will share their code on the IDI Wiki (a Wiki-based platform for sharing information that is accessible to users with the StatsNZ Datalab system), and also externally to the Datalab (eg on the Virtual Health Information Network website). Transparency, code sharing and community building will support future IDI users in answering their research questions in a manner consistent with the public good requirements of StatsNZ data access.
Projects that will contribute to understanding the quality of IDI data are especially valuable. Information about data quality can be shared via IDI User forums, and through organisations like the Virtual Health Information Network.
It is a StatsNZ requirement that research from the IDI is published, and also made available to StatsNZ to share on their online research database. This is to maintain transparency and trust about how the IDI is being used, and so future researchers can see how they could use the IDI for their work.
Reviewers should be confident that the researchers understand the following study design issues. Many of these concerns are common to studies that (a) use administrative datasets, like the Ministry of Health's national collections; or (b) are reliant on secondary analysis of other existing datasets (e.g. analysis of data collected for longitudinal studies like the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Study, or Growing Up in New Zealand).
- A description of the datasets and variables that the study plans to use: Some datasets have good metadata available; others not so. Discussion of the project with key dataset providers is recommended to identify strengths and weaknesses of the data researchers plan to use.
- What time periods are available for analysis: Some datasets have a short time series as data is not available across the entire IDI time-frame and this will reduce follow-up length and sample size.
- How the study population will be defined: There is an estimated resident population that may be useful for identifying the general population. Other projects may select a population based on who accessed a particular service.
- How comparison/denominator populations will be defined: This includes either appropriate identification of a comparison group (e.g. unexposed people in a cohort study type design) or the appropriate population denominator (e.g. all people with a particular [health condition] or the StatsNZ supplied estimated resident population).
- How much missing data is expected and how it will be managed: Not all variables are available for all people in IDI. Many variables are incomplete or have missing values due to missing data in the source records, or incomplete linkage between different agency datasets.
- Approach to linkage bias: False positive and false negative linkages may bias study results, and furthermore linkage rates may differ between study groups. It is important researchers understand how their study datasets are linked together, ie probabilistically via the IDI spine. Further information on the IDI spine and linkage rates can be found here; _URL_
- Most of the health data in the IDI is originates from health service use data. Consequently the IDI only contains information about health conditions/states/injuries where people have engaged with and been recorded by health services. Information about health states or events that have not engaged with services is missing from the IDI. As such, careful interpretation is needed of time trends, sub-group differences, and associations between variables. For example, if an increase in the use of mental health medications is found, it is unclear whether this is because more people have mental problems, or more people with problems are seeking treatment. Similarly, ethnic differences could be due to ethnic differences in prevalence, or service barriers between ethnic groups; and association between putative risk factors and disease/disorder (as defined by service use) may be biased by the factors influencing service use.
- Researchers will need access to a secure Datalab. Researchers in Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch can access StatsNZ Datalabs. Researchers in other places may be able to use an institutional Datalab (for example, at various government agencies in Wellington, and at the University of Auckland, Auckland University of Technology, University of Waikato, University of Otago Wellington, University of Otago Dunedin, and Massey University, Wellington). Researchers should indicate how they are planning to access a Datalab. It is possible to set up a new Datalab but this is a long process and is subject to StatsNZ approval.
- If researchers


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Verkhnevolzhsky beyshlot - the dam in the headwaters of the Volga River, forming the Upper Volga (Verkhnevolzhsky) Reservoirs, uniting in a common pool of lake Volgo, lake Peno, lake Vselug and lake Sterzh. The dam is located 5 km downstream from the place from which follows the Volga River from the lake Volgo.
The length of the dam is 46 meters, the average water flow of 29 m ³ / sec, the annual fluctuation of the upper level befa up to 3.5 meters, about 0.1 meters lower.
The dam was built in 1843 during the construction of Vyshnevolockij system. The dam was built from wood on stone foundations. With the construction the dam, which was to regulate the flow into the upper reaches of the Volga River, has been improved conditions for navigation in low water due to water releases of water reserves accumulated in the flood.
In 1941 during the Great Patriotic War, the dam was dynamited by the Nazis, in 1943 it was rebuilt in concrete structures. In memory of these events near the dam is a commemorative stele.
The dam operates to this day and is under guard. Passage of the dam, photos and video of the object is prohibited. Entrance to the beyshlotu in cars is prohibited.


Appliance and Equipment Performance with Hydrogen-Enriched Natural Gases
Citation
 - Suchovsky, C.J., Ericksen, L., Williams, T.A., Nikolic, D.J. (2021). Appliance and Equipment Performance with Hydrogen-Enriched Natural Gases. Canadian Standards Association, Toronto, ON.
Executive Summary
Mixing of hydrogen into natural gas, as a means of mitigating environmental concerns associated with the use of fossil fuels, poses a question of performance of appliances designed for use with natural gas, when fuelled by blends of hydrogen and natural gas. This study examines the performance of space and water heating appliances fuelled by methane as a natural gas proxy, and methane/hydrogen blends containing up to 15% hydrogen. The appliances were tested for input rate, ignition and burner operating characteristics, combustion products properties, and gas leakage, using three gas mixtures (pure methane, 5% hydrogen/methane blend, and 15% hydrogen/methane blend mixtures) per applicable CSA/ANSI Z21 series Standards. Effects of gas composition on furnaces were also tested for temperature rise and heating tube temperatures. Condensing appliances were additionally assessed for dew point temperatures and acidity. Overall, appliances showed no major operable issues and consistent trends of decreased heat output and CO2 emissions with increase of hydrogen content in methane/hydrogen blends. Consequently, to meet the same heat demand, the appliances would need to operate for longer periods which would result in additional carbon dioxide emissions. However, the overall CO2 emissions for the same heat output are still expected to be lower with the use of blends compared to natural gas. Carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide measurements were in the acceptable ranges regardless of the type of fuel used. No consistent trends were observed for other measured properties, indicating that hydrogen mixtures up to 15% do not significantly affect these parameters. Future testing of gas blends containing 5% and 15% of hydrogen as examined herein, as well as higher hydrogen amounts, ought to incorporate natural gases to determine more representative results.


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Trinity River Vision Operations
Fort Worth, TX
To support permitting of a discharge of treated wastewater effluent from a new regional wastewater treatment plant, Plummer assisted the NTMWD in developing a QUAL-TX model and a plan for collecting field measurements of stream geometry and flowrates. The water quality objectives were coordinated with other aspects of the project, including flood control. Initial model development included extensive analysis of water quality data followed by calibration of the model to the existing Clear Fork Trinity River/West Fork Trinity River system.
A second phase of the project included adapting the model to the future system, which includes an adjustable water level control dam, a bypass channel, and isolation gates that control flows in and out of the inner channels. Plummer used the future system model to predict water quality impacts from operational strategies, such as allowing various storm flowrates into the inner channels, "tidal" operation of the water level control dam, recirculation of water through the inner channels, isolation gate operations, and removing Nutt Dam from the inner channels.
We design solutions to the world's greatest challenges. We're ready to take on any problems you may run into.


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Twenty Financial Services are currently recruiting for a Model Validation AVP for a Global Investment Bank based in London.
The main responsibility will be to validate models within market and counterparty credit risk but will also look at economic capital and operational risk models.
- Use statistical techniques and methods to validate models used by the investment bank
- Recommend model improvements where necessary, and document results from validation activity
- Ensure validation is in line with regulatory requirements and using the most up to date methodologies
- Reporting of model risk to committees and senior stakeholders
- Model validation or quantitative risk experience from an investment bank
- Knowledge of market risk and counterparty credit risk models
- Use of programming languages such as Python, Matlab, C++, R or VBA
- Traded product knowledge
- Strong educational background with a quant focussed degree


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Advanced Communications Technology Satellite Adaptive Rain Fade Compensation Protocol Performance
C. B. Cox, T. A. Coney
Abstract | Full Paper (PDF, 47 KB)
Communication satellite operation at the Ka Band or higher frequencies, and the resultant signal fades caused by rain, have a significant impact on satellite system design. The NASA Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS), launched in September 1993, provided an opportunity to test and evaluate an adaptive rain fade compensation protocol for a communication system operating at the Ka Band.
To date the ACTS protocol has performed exceptionally well in responding to and compensating for fades which without the compensation would have adversely impacted a network ground stationÕs communication channel bit error rate (BER) performance. Other studies have addressed the statistical performance of the protocol over a period of 2 to 3 years. This paper characterizes the performance of the protocol as a function of fade rate, response time, signal filtering and the ACT S Time Division Multiple Access framing structure.
NASA's Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS)


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Women can be tempted to do some painful and dangerous things in order to shave seconds off their beauty prep time. Even though the promised results of some of these procedures can be tempting, sometimes they are just not worth the risk.
I see how eyelash perming could sound enticing: You'd have perfectly flipped-up lashes 24-hours a day, no eyelash curler required. The way it works is that your lashes are treated with a special glue, and then wrapped around a mini sponge-y roller. While holding your eyes tightly shut, the perming solution is applied to the upturned lash, and then it is left to set for about five minutes. The result is that "wide-awake" look, which lasts for two to three months.
But before you get too excited, read more.
- The lash perming solution has not been approved by the FDA.
- Eyes are extremely sensitive organs, and they react differently than other parts of your body to certain chemicals. Even if the chemicals do not come in direct contact with the eye (which they absolutely should not during this process), they can still cause severe reactions, particularly if you wear contact lenses. These reactions can include anything from mild irritation to a full-blown allergic reaction, even blindness.
- While the normal eyelash has a lifespan of about five months, perming chemicals can be damaging to the lash, making them fall out even sooner.
If you do choose to give it a try, make sure that the person performing the procedure has completed a training course and has the certificate to show for it, as such courses are available through most cosmetology institutions. Have any of you tried this procedure? If so, what did you think?