Book Review: The 200-Year Untold History of Russo-Japanese Relations (KGB Aleksey Kirichenko)
Updated: Apr 24
For my Russian friends
FILE PHOTO: The 200-Year Untold History of Russo-Japanese Relations (2013) ©Gendaishichoshinsya
PHOTO: The 200-Year Untold History of Russo-Japanese Relations ©Gendaishicho
Author: Aleksey Kirichenko / Кириченко Алексей Алексеевич (ex-KGB colonel, Russian, _PHONE_)
Russian: Неизвестные моменты 200 лет японо-российских отношений.
ISBN: 978-4-329-00486-4 (RU)
Japanese: 知られざる日露の二百年
ISBN:_PHONE_ / 978-_PHONE_ (JP)
Russia and Japan shouldn't be divided.
Aleksey Kirichenko, KGB (_PHONE_) was more like a researcher, analyst than being a case officer of KGB(_PHONE_).
His conclusion was that the most difficult obstacle between Russia and Japan still is ''Japanese prisoners of war in the Soviet Union'' not the Kuril Islands dispute due to emotional involvement, tragic memories and trauma of families of 560,000 to 760,000 war prisoners. Moreover, approximately 60,000 to 347,000 POWs died in Soviet labor camps.
Aleksey Kirichenko wrote:
Historical incidents between the two nations were interpreted differently by each other thus it's necessary to review details of those incidents in order to improve Russo-Japanese relations. (1)
Not only this is the core spirit ''anti-historical revisionism''of the entire book, but also it's the correct strategic direction of diplomacy of both countries even under the new Cold War (2018-) between China and USA of today.
This book is composed by eight chapters, incidents covered from 1600s (seventeenth century) until the end of Soviet Union (1991).
Chapter 1 - Russia Meets The Japanese From 1600s to mid 1800s
Surprisingly some Russian historian tells us that some Kiev Russian aristocrats had certain knowledge about Japanese in 1100s. However real face-to-face contact between Russians and Japanese people was first recorded in 1600s.
''An sich'' phase of the two nations' history begun from Kamchatka Peninsula, Aleutian Islands and Kuril Islands. And its synthesis will be reached in the same region with JP-RU peace treaty and real independence of Japan from the ''Cold War'' narrative.
Indeed, admitting both Kamchatka Peninsula and Kuril Islands as Russian territories is must in practice for Japan. In other words, admitting imperial Japan lost WW2 (_PHONE_), embracing its defeat in order to achieve permanent peace with neighbours.
At the era, tempests frequently hit Japanese ships, and many Japanese fishermen were salvaged by Russian pioneers in the Russian Far East region. This was the beginning of contact. For instance, the legendary tale of Pyotr I Alekseevich (_PHONE_) and Japanese castaway Dembei (_PHONE_) is the best example (Dembei was brought to Moscow for establishing the first Japanese language school in 1701).
FILE PHOTO: Maurice Benyovszky (1746-86) ©Wikimedia / Public Domain
Maurice Benyovszky (1746-86) Image: Public Domain
Ex-Russian prisoner, a Hungarian military officer Maurice Benyovszky (1746-86) escaped from Kamchatka prison, then landed in Nagasaki, Japan in 1771. Then he warned Japanese people about ''Russian threat'' by a letter. It's completely unknown for Japanese teachers and students of today. The Hungarian fugitive Maurice Benyovszky's allegation is seen as the first third party attempt to divide Russia and Japan in the world history.
FILE PHOTO: Adam Laxman (_PHONE_) ©Wikimedia / Public Domain
Adam Laxman (_PHONE_) Image: Public Domain
Russian merchants thought Japan as the best market to expand their trade business after they successfully gained Alaska, Aleutian Islands and Russian America (1799 to 1867).
For instance,
Catherine the Great (1729-96) assigned Adam Laxman (_PHONE_) a lieutenant in the imperial Russian military to Nemuro, Hokkaido to establish bilateral relations between Russia and Japan. In fact, Russia followed Dutch to become known by Japanese people. As the result, Edo government (_PHONE_) allowed Russia to dock at Hakodate port for negotiations. However Laxman did not successfully establish any trade relations at the end.
FILE PHOTO: Nikolai Rezanov (_PHONE_) ©Wikimedia / Public Domain
Nikolai Rezanov (_PHONE_) Image: Public Domain
Later foundation of The Russian-American Company, RAC (a.k.a. RAK) which protected by Pavel Petrovich Romanov (_PHONE_) changed the situation dramatically in 1799. The representative of RAC, Nikolai Rezanov (_PHONE_) was a colonial officer who needed Japan as an external base to stably supply food to Russian Colonies like Alaska and Russian America. Thus his main duty was to officially establish the first diplomatic relations with Japan as an ambassador. His effort was failed due to the "closed country" policy by Edo government and Dutch conspiracy. Furthermore, Nikolai Rezanov and his Russian delegates had been jailed in Nagasaki since September 26, 1804 to April 6, 1805.
The failure changed his attitude toward Japan tragically and made him more aggressive against Japan that he thought forcible measures were exclusively necessary to conquer Japanese in 1806. His secret order to frigate Juno and sailing ship Avos was seen as the origin of Japanese suspicion against Russians.
Lieutenant Nikolai Khvostov (_PHONE_) received the order to open Japan to the world militarily. Thus Matthew C. Perry (_PHONE_)'s black ships were not the first attempt of this kind.
For correctly understanding this incident, what we must know about this historical phase is that Russians already recognised and inhabited in both Sakhalin and Kuril Islands as their own territories.
During 1806-7, two Russian pirates took military actions in near border with north Japan which critically worsened Russo-Japan relations as the earliest bilateral interactions.
One was above-mentioned sublieutenant Nikolai Khvostov (Никола́й Алекса́ндрович Хвосто́в; 1776—1809) who robbed and torched Japanese villages in Sakhalin in the name of ''saving Ainu people'' in October 1806; the other one was second sublieutenant Davidov who attacked a Japanese village with Khvostov in Iturup (which is one of Kuril Islands) in May, June 1807.
As the result, the two Russian pirates' assaults on Japanese villages in north instigated Japan's centuries of ''Russophobia'' and prejudice about Russia in general.
Vasily M. Golovnin (_PHONE_) Image: Public Domain
Nevertheless, there was some positive figure like Vasily Mikhailovich Golovnin (_PHONE_) who is still mentioned at schools for his Diana's voyage around the world and mapping of Kuril Islands.
Although he was taken prisoner for violating ''Sakoku'' in 1811, he successfully persuaded people of Japan that Tsar did not order Khvostov and Davidov to invade Japan. Their acts of pirates were solely done as individuals.
Fortunately, Golovnin's diary during his captivity in Japan was broadly published in 1816 and 1817. Even Japanese translation is still available (日本幽囚記』; ISBN-13 : 978-_PHONE_).
Chapter 2 - Russia-Japan Relations in the Late 19th Century
FILE PHOTO: Yevfimiy Putyatin (_PHONE_) ©Wikimedia / Public Domain
Yevfimiy Putyatin (_PHONE_) Image: Public Domain
After Matthew C. Perry (_PHONE_)'s black ships militarily forced Japan to abandon its Sakoku policy in 1854, then Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between Japan and Russia (Treaty of Shimoda) signed by both countries on February 7, 1855. Since then Japan and Russia has established diplomatic relations formally. People must know that post war Japan's designation of this day as ''North Territory Day'' (1981-) is sheer spiteful obstinacy against Russia in order to appease US master and far rights.
Undoubtedly, Admiral Yevfimiy Putyatin (_PHONE_) made the unequal treaty, for instance the article VIII defines ''mutual extraterritoriality for citizens of Russia and of Japan in each other's country.'' Extraterritoriality itself is an essential element of being an unequal treaty while certain power balance doesn't exist for any of its side. At that time, Russia wanted dominating foreign relations of Japan by suggesting Japan to abandon other foreign treaties.
Whatever it is, later Russia and Japan relations positively developed unexpectedly. The most famous treaty between Russian Empire and Imperial Japan is Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1875) that exchanged entire Sakhalin (Russia got


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GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) and Imagine Institute will work together to discover and develop medicines with the potential to treat Netherton syndrome, a rare, genetically inherited, severe skin disorder. The alliance will build on the work of Alain Hovnanian, M.D., Ph.D., at the Necker Children Hospital in Paris following new discoveries in the understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms guided by the identification of the disease gene.
Work on the project will be carried out within GSK and both at the Genetics Department and Inserm unit U781 in Necker Hospital, Paris. The collaboration will operate as a single integrated team, combining Prof. Hovnanian's disease and biology understanding with GSK's expertise in drug discovery and development.
"For the patients, this collaboration means the possibility of a novel treatment in an accelerated time frame," comments Dr. Hovnanian, a professor of genetics and of dermatology.
Dr. Hovnanian's team at the Imagine Institute say they have characterized the biological cascade leading to allergy and to abnormal desquamation in Netherton syndrome. The cascade is initiated by kallikrein 5 hyperactivity as a result of defective inhibition by LEKTI, leading to PAR2 activation and TSLP production. The team says that KLK5 is thus a major therapeutic target, and they are currently searching for KLK5-specific inhibitors. Other biotherapy approaches aimed at blocking pro-inflammatory cytokines overexpressed in Netherton syndrome are also being considered.
Imagine Institute is a newly established University Hospital Institute associated with Inserm/ University Paris Descartes. It is a a translational research institute dedicated to genetic diseases.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: Created a method to measure how much force was being applied to scoliosis brace fasteners to measure patient compliance. Created a patient portal website that allowed the data to be uploaded. Created a clinician website to allow access to the data. The initial method employed strain gages on the brace's fasteners. This approach was abandoned when GA Tech failed to file a patent application and another team successfully field an application that covered the same technique. Subsequent to this set back, GTRI investigated methods to measure the force applied to the patients body. No suitable sensor was identified.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Search our Shop
 The Shortest History of England
 The story of England as you've never seen it before.
 In his bestselling, internationally-acclaimed The Shortest History of Germany, James Hawes told the story of a nation in 240 invigorating pages, tracing the roots of today's challenges back to the first encounters with Rome. In The Shortest History of England, he takes the same approach to his homeland.
 As he journeys from Caesar to Brexit via Conquest, Empire and World War, he discovers an England very different to the standard vision. Our stable island fortress, stubbornly independent, the begetter of parliaments and globe-spanning empires, is riven by an ancient fault-line that predates even the Romans; its fate has ever been bound up with that of its neighbours, whether we like it or not; and - for the past 1,000 years - it has harboured a class system like nowhere else on Earth.
 There has never been a better time to understand why England is the way it is, and there is no better guide
 Author: James Hawes
 Brand: Old Street Publishing
 Number of pages: 240 pages
 Binding: Hardback


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During the audit, there was a follow-up of how SH maintains its safety-critical barriers and how the organisation utilises information from other incidents in the group and relevant international incidents. In addition, the status of working hours schemes was followed up.
Background for the audit
The PSA is to set standards for and follow up to ensure that the players in the petroleum activities maintain high standards as regards health, safety and the environment, and thereby also contribute towards creating the greatest possible values for the Norwegian society.
The PSA shall also contribute towards reducing the risk level in the petroleum activities by following up the players to ensure that they promote technical and operational integrity on the facilities, and also follow up the interplay between people/technology/organisation (MTO) in HSE-critical systems.
The facility has been through a long period with a high level of activity and simultaneous operation. Risk management and learning from incidents are important elements in achieving good processes to increase safety on the facility.
The audit was conducted on the basis of the temporary regulations dated 19 December 2003 relating to safety and the working environment for certain land-based petroleum facilities and associated pipeline systems (temporary regulations), and regulations relating to systematic health, environment and safety work in enterprises (the Internal Control Regulations).
Purpose of the audit
Safety critical barriers must be safeguarded in a unified and consistent manner, so that the risk of major accidents is reduced as far as possible. The PSA achieves this by
Result of the audit
No non-conformities were identified in connection with the audit. The report contains five observations with a potential for improvement:


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Welcome to Plant2pollinator
Plant2pollinator is a practical science resource for understanding pollinator partnerships and building biodiversity stewardship for students from stages 1 to 4.
Based on the premise that the types of flowering plants in your garden can indicate a diversity of insect visitors, Plant2pollinator provides ideas, investigations and information on invertebrates and their crucial role in pollinating flowering plants.You can make a major contribution to many mysteries surrounding insect pollination, invertebrate diversity and sustainability by surveying and understanding insect visitors to flowering plants.
Scientists are still to find out more about the fascinating partnership between plants and their pollinators.
Plant2pollinator relies on the Bugwise guides and tools for identifying beetles, wasps, flies, bees, moths and butterflies developed by the Australian Museum's research scientists for use in field and laboratory work. These tools and guides were developed to assist enthusiastic observers who are not scientifically trained in identifying invertebrates.
Focus of Plant2pollinator resources
Many native, food and fibre plants rely on insects to reproduce. This process is known as pollination, and Plant2pollinator explores this concept.
Pollination is the process of transferring pollen from the anthers (male reproductive organ) to the stigma female reproductive organ) of flowers to ensure the successful production of seed. It is essential for the genetic diversity of most flowering plants and one of biodiversity's vital services. In some remarkable cases only a single insect species can successfully pollinate a particular flower. Consequently, if an insect species is removed from an area, the vegetation will also suffer, highlighting the importance of insect biodiversity and our role in maintaining it.
The investigation of specific and generalist insect pollinators and their plant hosts aims to reinforce the idea that pollination is a fundamental process of ecological interdependence.
Plant2pollinator (P2p) is sponsored by The Environmental Trust.
P2p acknowledges the significant contributions of Phoebe Hill, Project Officer, and Geoff Gardner, Intern, to this resource pack.
The project team wishes to acknowledge the following Australian Museum scientists for their scientific advice, guidance and recommendations:
- Dr Dave Britton, Entomology Collections Manager,
- Martyn Robinson, Naturalist,
- Dr Chris Reid, Research Scientist,
- Dr Shane McEvey, Entomologist
- Dr John Gollan, Research Officer.
P2p could not have been as comprehensive without the generous advice and instruction of Dr Michael Batley. Michael's bee videos have also contributed to P2P's on-line resources.
P2p wishes also to acknowledge Brian Walters, of the Australian Native Plants Society of Australia, for the use of his photographs for the website gallery.
The majority of the illustrations have been taken from the original Bugwise Invertebrate Guide, illustrator Andrew Howells.
The keys, guides and diagrams have been researched and designed by the Plant2pollinator project team, Phoebe Hill, Geoff Gardner and Sue Lewis.
The following references were used to produce the Plant2Pollinator resources:
- Dollin, A., M. Batley, M. Robinson & B. Faulkner. 2000. Native Bees of the Sydney Region: A Field Guide. Australian Native Bee Research Centre.
- Proctor, M., Lack, A. and P. Yeo.1997. The natural history of pollination. Timber Press.
Sue Lewis, Education Officer, Bugwise for Schools


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It's the first day of school at Nemaha Central Elementary and Middle School and students approached the school with smiles on their faces. This year the first day of school was Thursday, August15. The students were excited to reconnect with lost friends from summer break and the halls were filled with student laughter.
The middle students stayed in the gym for the opening assembly. Students enjoyed eating donuts waiting for the official start of the day. At the assembly, students learned some information about the staff while playing a game called "Two truths and one lie." After the staff game, the students played a game created by some of the Impact reps. This game reviewed some of the rules of middle school.
The elementary students reported to the gym and were dismissed before 8 to their classrooms. Students played games to learn about the class rules, their classmates, and their teachers. They organized their lockers and familiarized themselves with their classroom.
"The first day of school was fun," said Westley Deters.
All in all, the first day of school was a great day. In conclusion, NCEMS students and staff are ready for an outstanding school year!
Check out more 1st Day of School pictures at the link below:


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The oxidant-antioxidant imbalance is an important factor in the pathogenesis of COPD and yet there is a lack of evidence about total antioxidant levels of COPD patients, which may provide valuable information about the prognosis of the disease. In this study, we aimed to evaluate and compare the oxidant-antioxidant systems in healthy controls and in COPD patients with a stable disease and during an acute exacerbation. The study was conducted with 42 COPD patients diagnosed by a pulmonologist and 21 healthy volunteers. Pulmonary function tests were performed, arterial blood gas; white blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet, neutrophil%, MCV, CRP, and sedimentation rate results were compared with total antioxidant status, total oxidant status levels, and oxidative stress index. There was a statistically significant difference between the three groups in FEV1/FVC, FEV1, FVC, pCO2, pO2, % SpO2, white blood cell count, neutrophil %, CRP, and ESR values. In regard to oxidant-antioxidant system measurements there was no statistically significant difference in TAS levels, but there was a significant difference in TOS and oxidative stress index levels. Positive correlation between WBC and TOS was detected in the analysis performed and no correlation was found in other parameters. Our study showed that the measurement of TAS, TOS and OSI were meaningful parameters in the evaluation of oxidative imbalance. Oxidant stress was found to be significantly increased in all COPD patients, especially in patients with COPD exacerbations. Despite the increase in oxidative stress, no increase in antioxidant levels was observed in COPD patients.
Antioxidant, COPD, exacerbation, oxidant

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Take the 2-minute tour ×
What are some alternatives to using acetate strips? I'm not interested in a specific application here, so feel free to give ideas for all types of techniques. Under what culinary circumstances, if any, can they be substituted with a silpat? Parchment paper? Other types of plastic?
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1 Answer 1
up vote 2 down vote accepted
Rarely. Acetates are usually used when you need a thin, flexible backing for whatever you're making. Silpats aren't nearly as flexible, and don't have a uniformly smooth surface; you will impart a texture to whatever you're making. And you can't really cut them into whatever shape you want. Parchment paper doesn't have the strength of acetate; you can't make rings out of it. Plus it will absorb some liquid, lowering its strength further.
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Advertising the Elements
When studying the Periodic Table, my students make a newspaper or a television advertisement for an element. Each group must show how the properties of the elements are useful to human beings. They can sell their product by using comedy, drama, rap or poems. This activity gives meaning to studying the Periodic Table.


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According to folklore, you can predict the weather with a persimmon seed. Here's how to do it:
Cut open a persimmon seed. (Find persimmon fruit in your supermarket. It should be locally-grown to reflect your weather.)
Look at the shape of the kernel inside.
- If the kernel is spoon-shaped, lots of heavy, wet snow will fall. Spoon = shovel!
- If it is fork-shaped, you can expect powdery, light snow and a mild winter.
- If the kernel is knife-shaped, expect to be "cut" by icy, cutting winds.
It's best to use ripe seeds.
That's it! Now, what did you see?


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Who We Are
The Engelhorn family dates from 1580 in Hockenheim, Germany, where the first record of the name appears as one Markus (Marx) Engelhorn, the Elder, who was a magistrate in a lower court and founder of an inn, "The Silberne Kanne" (The Silver Tankard.) All the families who carry the name (sometimes Englehorn) can trace their lineage to this man. One of his descendants was Johann Marcus Engelhorn II, _PHONE_, of Altlussheim, Germany.
A number of Johann Marcus's children and grandchildren emigrated to America between 1847 and 1866. They all gravitated to Allamakee County, Iowa and most of us in the United States can trace our ancestry to Johann Marcus II. Additionally, Johann Peter Engelhorn (_PHONE_) of Neulussheim, who was a cousin of Johann Marcus II, also emigrated to America. Johann Peter settled in Logan County, Illinois, and his descendants are also included in our family.
For convenience of study and understanding relationships, we have divided our known family into four lines descended from the emigrant children of Johann Marcus II plus a fifth line consisting of the descendants of Johann Peter. The family tree pages and ancestor album which follow give our genealogy in more detail.
The genealogy presented in these web pages is condensed from The Engelhorn Family by James A. Englehorn (Gateway Press, 1997.) Much of the family history in Germany is from Alte Mannheimer Familien, Schriften der Familien-geschichtlichen Veringung Mannheim, pp. 37-67. Herausgeber, Dr. Florian Waldeck, Sechster Teil, Mannheim, 1925; English translation by Alfred J. Englehorn. Additional source material came from Alfred J. Englehorn's research and correspondence with German researchers who had access to documents and records in the Badischen-Landes-Archive, Karlsruhe, and his personal inspections of the church records in Altlussheim, Germany. The genealogy in the United States is based on census, court, land, and vital records, plus newspaper accounts and voluminous correspondence with relatives by Alfred J. and James A. Englehorn. These sources are documented in The Engelhorn Family book mentioned above and here.
For those of you who have copies of The Engelhorn Family (known as the Blue Book), we have added a page to our site containing corrections and up-dates to family information. Click to see up-dates.
Historic Barn built by Johannes Engelhorn (_PHONE_) in about 1860 on his farm near Lansing, Iowa. (Click on an image to see a larger version of the picture.)
The "Old Stone School" built by Thomas Gottlieb Engelhorn (_PHONE_) in 1864 in Lansing, Iowa. The Old Stone School is on the National Register of Historic Places as the longest continuously operating school west of the Mississippi River
How to Use This Web Site
On the left hand side of the page you will see several links to sections of the site.
- Family Tree contains detailed family trees starting with Markus, born in 1580. You can trace the family lines from there to the present day. We have 9 generations in Germany and three generations for each of the five families that came to America.
- Ancestor Album has a number of old photos of family members.
- Family Reunions has photos and reports from each of our gatherings. (You should join us at the next one!)
- The other sections should be self explanatory.


Ten Qualities of A Successful Individual
Ten Qualities of A Successful Individual
Photo of Shem-shem Pablo
By Soni
Success is the output of an individual's effort, hard work, dedication, sincerity, and experience put in for years together to achieve the desired goals.
Success is not easily attained; it is to be acquired by putting in the efforts of the years.
A success mantra: "Jack of all trades, master of SOME." will possibly sum it up.
To be a successful person you have to be a jack of all trades and a master of some. An individual with who is multi-talented has the quality to recognize the opportunity and grab it at that moment.
Below are some of the qualities, in my opinion of what successful people have:
1. He must have some education required at a level within his desired field. He must have a great passion towards reading and ability to have an open mind.
2. He must have some confidence to face the situation: Even and Odd.
3. He must have a personality that mesmerizes anyone at any time.
4. He must have professionalism to a level where one must have thorough knowledge of the field where he is working.
5. He must have integrity towards work and work culture.
6. She must have knowledge of language which also plays an important role in success; Linguistic people have less interaction barriers.
7. She must be able to adapt to change easily.
8. She must be technologically savvy or at the very least inclined towards Information Technology and the use of social media as success tools.
9. She must be a positive person with an optimistic approach.
10. She should be an adorable person and a simple human being.
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@misc{luetzow_solventbased_fabrication_2020, author={Luetzow, K.,Weigel, T.,Lendlein, A.}, title={Solvent-based Fabrication Method for Magnetic, Shape-Memory Nanocomposite Foams}, year={2020}, howpublished = {journal article}, doi = {_URL_ abstract = {This paper presents shape-memory foams that can be temporarily fixed in their compressed state and be expanded on demand. Highly porous, nanocomposite foams were prepared from a solution of polyeiherureihane with suspended nanoparticles (mean aggregate size 90 nm) which have an iron(III) oxide core with a silica shell. The polymer solution with suspended nanoparticles was cooled down to -20 °C in a two-stage process, which was followed by freeze-diying. The average pore size increases with decreasing concentration of nanoparticles from 158 μm to 230 jum while the foam porosity remained constant. After fixation of a temporaiy form of the nanocomposite foams, shape recovery can be triggered either by heat or by exposure to an alternating magnetic field. Compressed foams showed a recovery rate of up to 76 ± 4% in a thermochamber at 80 °C, and a slightly lower recovery rate of up to 65 ± 4% in a magnetic field.}, note = {Online available at: \url{_URL_ (DOI). Luetzow, K.; Weigel, T.; Lendlein, A.: Solvent-based Fabrication Method for Magnetic, Shape-Memory Nanocomposite Foams. MRS Advances. 2020. vol. 5, no. 14 - 15, 785-795. DOI: 10.1557/adv.2019.422}}


text:
The heterodyne beat method has been applied to the measurement of the dielectric constant of gaseous NH3, N2, and CO2, using a frequency of 56,000,000 cycles per second. Special precautions were found necessary to prevent frequency drift and synchronization of the oscillating circuits.
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science
©1939 Iowa Academy of Science, Inc.
Ryan, Alden H.
"The Dielectric Constant of Gases at Ultrahigh Frequencies,"
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, 46(1), 268-268.
Available at: _URL_


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Referencing Files in a Workbook
You can refer to the contents of data and Maple code files added to your workbook using Maple Workbook URIs.
Using a Workbook URI to Refer to Workbook Files
Workbook URI Syntax
The Workbook URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) is used to represent the identity and location of files within a Maple workbook or files residing inside another workbook in a given file directory.
A URI would look like this:
Using the URI mentioned above as an example,
The substring, "this://" identifies this URI as a reference to the current open workbook.
The third slash represents the root directory of the Maple workbook.
Finally, "MyCode.mpl" represents the Maple code file located in the root directory of the current workbook.
In general, the URI syntax is "this:////".
Referencing Files in Another Workbook
While URIs of the form "this:////" are used to represent files within a workbook, it is also possible to reference files contained in other workbooks.
The syntax for such a URI is:
"maple:////"
Creating a Workbook URI on Windows
The file separator on a Windows operating system is backslash "\". However, the backslash is also an escape character. So in order to use the backslash as a file separator, a second backslash is required.
A example of a workbook URI on Windows would be:
Creating a Workbook URI on Linux or Mac OS X
The forward slash "/" character is the valid file separator on Linux or Mac OS X.
An example of a workbook URI on Linux or Mac OS X would be:
Linking to a Workbook Attachment
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text:
The forests of the mountain ranges of northern Greece are home to Europe's largest population of the protected brown bear. But the bears who have been given sanctuary by Arcturos are far from wild. Most are the infamous "dancing bears" abandoned or confiscated from gypsies when the practice was banned in 1969.
They "danced" because they had their front feet burnt on hot coals as youngsters while their masters played the tambourine. Traumatized by the experience, they would instinctively dance whenever the familiar tune was heard.
Even if saved from this fate, however, they could never survive back in the wild. Many had their teeth broken to stop them biting their owners and were psychologically scarred by their experience in captivity.
Having heard about their dilemma by chance from an English contact involved in the LiBEARrty campaign to preserve the brown bear in the Balkans, leading winemaker Yianni Boutari decided to help set up a sanctuary near his ancestral village of Nympheon.
"There was a law which outlawed dancing bears but no system for taking the bears off the gypsies and nowhere for them to go," he recalls. Boutari had been looking for a project to breath life back into the virtually abandoned stone village (he has since been instrumental in its revival as a charming historic town).
In 1992, Arcturos was formed as a non-profit organization and the following year began programs to protect the brown bear, eventually attracting EU and private sector support, as well as funds from WWF. Today, Arcturos has a team of 16 staff, 40 associates and another 40 volunteers whose work entails protecting and managing the area's natural environment and wildlife. They are also leading Balkan initiatives to monitor and protect the region's bear population.
Thirteen bears have found a home in the five-acre sanctuary, including an American black bear from a circus and three refugees from the Belgrade zoo brought in after the Yugoslavia wars.
In the nearby town of Aetos, there is a veterinary station and an innovative visitor center with excellent interactive displays and programs. Arcturos' "sponsor a bear" program and educational programs have helped raise awareness of the problem and of environmental issues throughout Greece. Along with the sanctuary, the center attracts about 30-35,000 visitors per year.
Arcturos also works with farming organizations to offer local farmers and bee-keepers support and compensation for damage to their livelihoods by wild bears. Whereas in the past many of these bears were shot, now farmers contact the center, which helps provide electrified fencing, shepherd dogs or other means of protection.
In 1998, Arcturos began a similar program aimed at protecting the region's wolves and has established a separate wolf sanctuary nearby. VK


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When It Happens Panel Get involved: send your photos, videos, news & views by texting 'OXFORD NEWS' to 80360 or email
Museum amusement: children have fun learning
2:00pm Saturday 26th January 2013 in News
Children found a rather unusual way of telling the time at a workshop. The Museum of the History of Science, in Broad Street, Oxford, held a day of Chinese Dragon Fireclock building. The clocks, invented more than 1,000 years ago, tell the time by burning specially calibrated incense sticks.
Alice Kelly and her five-year-old son Luis Garnaut, pictured, coloured parts of the clock.
She said: "I had a lovely time at the workshop, we had lots of fun."
Meanwhile, animal magic helped excite young minds for an event at Oxford's Ashmolean Museum when education trainee Carly Smith-Huggins, pictured, ran a new workshop called Woof! Woof! last week for under-fives.
She used a canine glove puppet to show about 45 children around the museum. They then got to make their own puppet and to transform themselves into their furry four-legged friends with an art class.
She said: "The children had lots of fun trying out barking, howling and wagging their tails."


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In the field of engineering (mechanical), a key is an element of the machine that connects a rotating element to a nearby shaft. The key, therefore, prevents the relative rotation between these two parts and may allow torque transfer. For a key to work, the shaft and the rotating member of the machine must have a keyseat and a keyway, which are a slot and a pocket in which the key can fit into. The entire system is known as a keyed shaft or joint hinge. Keyed shafts allow relative axial movements between the parts involved.
The most common key components are pulleys, gears, clutches, and washers.
How are keyed shafts cut? Find below the process involved in keyed shaft cutting.
Keyseating (for big and special keyways)
This is done by cutting the keyway with a key-operated device which removes the material through a series of tooth-cutting movements. Some keys have only one cutting tool, while other machines (such as the Davis Keyseater) use a multi-cutter to make cutting speeds as fast as broaching.
Here's how it works, The Keyseater cutter moves slowly outward at every cut. This subtle movement makes it possible for every stroke to remove a little more material. This process is then repeated until there is a cut deep enough to satisfy the specifications required for its application.
The main advantage of Keyseating is in the fact that it offers maximum flexibility for largely specialized keyways. The custom tooth cutters are quite easy to get and can even be quickly adapted to the specific requirements even when you're on an onsite tool room. Depending on the type of machine, however, and the cutting tool, the Keyseating may need a longer cycle time than conventional broaching.
Shaping –for the blind keyways.
Shaping is a nice option for the cutting of blind keyed shafts. Blind in this context refers to the keyways which are not required to go the all the entire length of the way or part. Some of the keyed shaft cutting process, such as the EDM and the broaching is not designed for blind keyways handling.
Like it is with some keyseaters, this shaping uses only a single tooth as its cutting tool. But unlike others, shaping is not required to be guided down through the cuts on a fixed post. Consequent of this, the shaper cuts cannot reach the same height of accuracy as the keyseater cuts because of the unguided deflection. Therefore, this heightens the need for a proper tolerance inspection.
To cut blind keyways, usually, shapers require that users cut a "relief" at the end of the keyway that is soon to be cut. The relief makes it possible to break the fragments of the metal. You can form them by pre-drilling a hole or cutting an internal groove right inside the inner diameter
Milling (this is for shaft only keyways)
As for milling, like shaping, users are allowed to cut partial length, straight keyways or tapered. Milling is well known for the ability to cut external keyed shafts or keyways. But then, milling inside a diameter keyway on hubs is not common, the reason for this that the other side of the coupling always gets in the way. However, if it is needed, an internal hub keyway may be milled using a special 90degree singular milling head.
As with shaping, quality is a very important factor to take into account when milling keyed shafts, because of the lack of unguided cuts. Tolerances, like the corner radius quality, require special attention to ensure correct formation in line with the desired specification. Otherwise, problems may arise, for example, a key that does not match or an imbalance in the power transmission system.
Wire EDM (for small special runs)
Keyed shaft cutting with wire electric discharge machining (i.e EDM) is typically used for small quantities parts which require precision or some other specific cutting options. The tool and die manufacturers use EDM wire to remove materials through a process that may be called "shock" or "evaporation". With this process, a coiled copper wire is brought to cut the target using electric sparks, without however directly touching the component.
We hope that this guide has given you an insight into keyed shaft cutting. If you need a way to reduce cycle time or want to cut keyways or shafts, want to reduce manufacturing costs, then contact us via phone or email. We'd guide you on which option is best for you.


text:
Music : Yaporigami
Visual : Kezzardrix
installation piece for audio-visual exhibition "Chromesthesia"
We will challenge to present a work focusing on the collapse and formation of rhythm by music and images. The Gestalt collapse is known as a both auditory and visual phenomenon in which you lose cognition of 'form' such as rhythms once properly recognised. In ancient Greece, the rhythm was called rhythmos which refers to the formation of 'forms' in a wide range of fields including placement of objects and/or establishment of humanity. When recognising the rhythm, the human nature or personal emotions can be evoked. When losing the rhythm, those are put in an ambiguous state until new 'form' can be found. Fluctuation on this boundary has a mysterious charm. Through the collapse and formation of rhythm on the time axis, we would like to question how ambiguous our perceptions are.
Curator: YEH Ting-Hao
Exhibition Dates： 2018-09-01 ~ 2018-11-18
Place： Digiark Gallery


text: Word pronunciations, consisting of phoneme sequences and the associated syllabification and stress patterns, are vital for both speech recognition and text-to-speech (TTS) systems. For speech recognition phoneme sequences for words may be learned from audio data. We train recurrent neural network (RNN) based models to predict the syllabification and stress pattern for such pronunciations making them usable for TTS. We find these RNN models significantly outperform naive rulebased models for almost all languages we tested. Further, we find additional improvements to the stress prediction model by using the spelling as features in addition to the phoneme sequence. Finally, we train a single RNN model to predict the phoneme sequence, syllabification and stress for a given word. For several languages, this single RNN outperforms similar models trained specifically for either phoneme sequence or stress prediction. We report an exhaustive comparison of these approaches for twenty languages.


good blocks but
 skip over corrupt blocks. To extract information from the corrupt
 block there are three main options:
 – Select column data from any good indexes
 This is discussed towards the end of the following 2 articles:
 Oracle7 – using ROWID range scans Note:34371.1
 Oracle8/8i – using ROWID range scans Note:61685.1
 – See if Oracle Support can extract any data from HEX dumps of the
 corrupt block.
 – It may be possible to salvage some data using Log Miner
 Once you have the data extracted
 Once you have the required data extracted either into an export file
 or into another table make sure you have a valid database backup before
 proceeding. The importance of this cannot be over-emphasised.
 Double check you have the SQL to rebuild the object and its indexes
 Double check that you have any diagnostic information if requested by
 Oracle support. Once you proceed with dropping the object certain
 information is destroyed so it is important to capture it now.
 Now you can:
 If 10231 was set at instance level:
 Remove the 'event' line from the init.ora file
 SHUTDOWN and RESTART the database.
 Make sure the 10231 event is no longer shown
 RENAME or DROP the problem table
 If you have space it is advisable to RENAME the
 problem table rather than DROP it at this stage.
 Recreate the table.
 Eg: By importing.
 Take special care to get the storage clauses
 correct when recreating the table.
 Create any indexes, triggers etc.. required
 Again take care with storage clauses.
 Re-grant any access to the table.
 If you RENAMEd the original table you can drop it once
 the new table has been tested.
 2. Using The Export Utility To Check For Database Corruption
 This document provides information how the Export utility can be used
 to check the consistency of a database. In addition, the document provides
 examples how to export the database without creating an export dump file
 (i.e. writing to a null device).
 The article is intended for Database Administrators who need to check the
 consistency of the data in an Oracle7, Oracle8, Oracle8i, or Oracle9i database.
 The article does not deal with how to resolve the data corruption (see other
 articles mentioned in the "Related Documents").
 1. When an Oracle data block is corrupted, it can be:
 a. Physical corrupt
 This can be defined as a damage to the internal data structure in a way
 that prevents Oracle from being able to read the data in the corrupted
 blocks. Physical corruption can be due to a hardware or software and can
 occur in MEMORY or on DISK. The information in the block doesn't make
 any sense after the read from disk (also called: media corrupt).
 b. Logical Corrupt
 The Oracle RDBMS is able to find the data, but the data values are
 incorrect: the block is marked as corrupt after detecting an
 inconsistency (also called: soft corrupt).
 2. A full database export can be used to check the consistency of a database.
 This full database export implies a full table scan on all the tables
 to retrieve the data. This is a good method for checking the logical
 consistency and detecting both for physical corruption (in used blocks)
 and for logical corruption (data-dictionary issues).
 3. When any inconsistency is found, the following errors are reported
 EXP-00056 Oracle error 1578 encountered
 ORA-01578 Oracle data block corrupted (file # 9, block # 12731)"
 ORA-01110 data file 9: '
 The data block indicated was corrupt, mostly due to software errors.
 See the following note how to resolve this corruption:
 Note:28814.1 "Handling Oracle Block Corruptions in Oracle7/8/8i/9i"
 1. Export only reads:
 – user data below the high water mark;
 – parts of the data dictionary, while looking up information concerning
 the objects being exported.
 2. Only a Conventional path export is able to detect logical corrupt blocks.
 When using a Direct path export, the data is read from disk directly
 into the export session's program global area (PGA): the rows are
 transferred directly to the Export session's private buffer. This means
 that the SQL command-processing layer (evaluation buffer) is bypassed,
 because the data is already in the format that Export expects.
 Therefore, do not specify the export parameter DIRECT=Y but use DIRECT=N
 which is also the default value for the DIRECT parameter.
 3. Export does not detect all corruptions:
 – does not detect disk corruptions above the high water mark;
 – does not detect corruptions in indexes, or in free or temporary extents;
 – does not detect all corruptions in the data dictionary (the export
 utility does not read all of the data dictionary, so there could still
 be undetected corruptions in the SYSTEM tablespace).
 Note 1: The High Water Mark is the boundary between used and unused space in
 a segment. As requests for new free blocks that cannot be satisfied
 by existing free lists are received, the block to which the high water
 mark points becomes a used block, and the high water mark is advanced
 to the next block. In other words, the segment space to the left of
 the high water mark is used, and the space to the right of it is
 unused. When a COMMIT runs, the high-water mark is updated to the
 new value, making the data visible to users.
 Note 2: See the following article for an overview of other available database
 block checking features:
 Note:32969.1 "Database Block Checking Features"
 1. You do not have to create a dump file when you perform an export if all you
 want is to check the consistency of the data. On UNIX systems, use
 /dev/null as the file name, for OpenVMS use NL:, and for Windows use NUL.
 When you do this, the export utility reads all the data but writes it to
 the null device.
 a. Example for Windows platforms
 exp system/manager full=y log=exp_db_chk.log file=nul
 b. Example for UNIX platforms
 exp system/manager full=y log=exp_db_chk.log file=/dev/null volsize=100g
 The VOLSIZE parameter is needed on the UNIX platform in order to prevent
 the following question (after starting the Export utility) when exporting
 to /dev/null: Volume size ( for no restriction) >
 c. Example for VMS platform
 exp system/manager full=y log=exp_db_chk.log file=nl:
 3. Extracting Data from a Corrupt Table using ROWID or Index Scans in Oracle7
 Salvaging data from a TABLE in Oracle7
 This article is an extension to Note:28814.1 which discusses the
 options available for handling block corruptions in Oracle.
 Here we describe how to retrieve data from a table which contains a
 corrupt block (or blocks) in Oracle7 releases.
 *** This article does NOT cover Oracle8 – see Note:61685.1 instead ***
 In order to use the steps here you need to have a list of all corrupt
 File/Blocks in the table. Ideally you should have the following
 information to hand:
 – Original Error
 – File# – Referred to as in this article
 – Block# – Referred to as in this article
 – Object Type – eg: TABLE or CLUSTER
 – Object Owner.Name
 – Related Objects – eg: Indexes, Foreign key constraints etc…
 If not then see Note:28814.1 for details of how to get this information.
 There are several ways to extract data from a corrupt table:
 (1) Easiest and first choice:
 – From Oracle 7.2 onwards there is an Oracle event which
 can be used to SKIP over corrupt blocks.
 This is by far the simplest option to extract table data
 and is discussed in Note:33405.1. Note that this event
 can only be used if the corrupt block reports ORA-1578.
 (2) Second choice (which is more complicated):
 – From Oracle 7.1 onwards you can use a ROWID range scan.
 This method is discussed in this article.
 (3) Third choice (which can be time consuming):
 – If there is a primary key you can select table data via
 this index.
 It may also be possible to select some of data via any
 other index. This can be slow and time consuming.
 This method is also discussed in this article but it not
 normally needed in current Oracle releases.
 If (1) to (3) above fail or are not possible then there is a 4th option:
 – There are various salvage programs / PLSQL scripts which
 can be used to salvage data from a table. These can take
 longer to set up and use than the above methods but can
 often cope with various


text:
Scientists discover new mechanisms for relaxing airways using bitter tasting substances
That kale and bitter melon you are eating may someday save your life. An interdisciplinary team of scientists at the University of Massachusetts Medical School have taken a step forward in understanding how the substances that give some foods their bitter flavor also act to reverse the contraction of airway cells, a process known as bronchodilation. This effect may one day be harnessed to provide improved treatments for airway obstructive diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The findings were published on March 5 in the open access journal PLOS Biology.
"I am excited that someday, with more research, there may be a new class of bronchodilators which are able to reverse an asthma attack quicker and with fewer side effects than is currently available to patients," said Ronghua ZhuGe, PhD, associate professor of microbiology and physiological systems and senior author of the study.
The sense of taste is mediated by taste receptor cells bundled in our taste buds. Most humans experience five types of tastes: sweet, salty, sour, bitter and savory. Bitter taste receptors most likely evolved to help alert the body to potentially harmful foods that have spoiled or are toxic. The receptors have long been thought to only exist in certain cells present in the tongue. Over the last few years, however, scientists have come to realize that these receptors are present in many other cells throughout the body. Specifically, bitter taste receptors on smooth muscle cells in the airway act to relax the cells when exposed to bitter-tasting substances.
A hallmark of an asthma attack is excessive contraction of smooth muscle cells, which causes narrowing of the airways and subsequent breathing difficulties. The fact that bitter substances can relax these smooth muscle cells suggests that they may have the potential to halt asthma attacks and in fact could even be an improvement over current treatments since the relaxation effects are quite fast. Indeed, experiments in mice suggest that the effects are stronger.
However, the mechanisms by which bitter taste receptor activation causes a cell to relax were unknown. To help unravel these mechanisms, Dr. ZhuGe and colleagues examined the effect of bitter substances on the contraction of airways and in single isolated cells.
During an asthma attack, channels on the membrane of smooth muscle cells in the airways open. This allows calcium to flow into the cell, causing it to contract. When the cells contract, the airway becomes narrower and makes breathing more difficult. Dr. ZhuGe and colleagues determined that bitter substances act by shutting down these calcium channels, allowing bronchodilation.
Bitter taste receptors, like most receptors, span the plasma membrane of the cell. Part of the receptor is outside the cell, able to bind (and hence "sense") bitter substances outside the cell. When a bitter compound binds to a bitter taste receptor, the receptor releases a G-protein, which then splits into two parts: a G alpha subunit and G beta-gamma dimer. "It is the G beta-gamma dimer that likely acts to close the calcium channels on the plasma membrane," said Kevin Fogarty, director of the biomedical imaging group in the program in molecular medicine at UMMS, and a co-author of the study. "Once the channels are closed, the calcium level returns to normal and the cell relaxs," he said. "This ends the asthma attack."
"With this new understanding of how bitter substances are able to relax airways, we can focus our attention on studying these receptors and on finding even more potent bitter compounds with the potential to be used therapeutically to end asthma attacks," said Dr. ZhuGe.
More information: Zhang C-H, Lifshitz LM, Uy KF, Ikebe M, Fogarty KE, et al. (2013) The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Bitter Tastant-Induced Bronchodilation. PLOS Biol 11(3): e1001501. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio._PHONE_
Journal reference: PLoS Biology
Provided by University of Massachusetts Medical School
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How do you say "I accidentally took your umbrella" in Swedish?
Here's the answer:
"jag råkade ta ditt paraply"
Watch a real native speaker say it:
Here's how it sounds in a textbook:
Time to set your textbook on fire, learn "jag råkade ta ditt paraply" and other useful phrases that Swedish speakers really use!
burning textbook


text:
This is a follow-up question to What differentiates great music from good? I'm referring to singers who have some minimum standard here - those who can hit the notes, etc.
Given two singers in a singing competition, what makes one singer win the competition over the other? For example, here's Idina Menzel and Lea Salonga singing "Defying Gravity". Can we objectively say one singer is better than the other? If so, how? If not, what's the point of singing competitions?
Richard's answer to the linked question makes sense for composers, but it doesn't seem to apply to singers. For example presumably Idina Menzel and Lea Salonga don't influence each other. They might influence fans who try to imitate them, but not each other. Innovation doesn't seem to work either, since they are both faced with the same music. A composer could write a innovative piece of music, but a singer presumably can't innovate on the song someone else has written without changing it.


The pixel-to-world coordinate transform vector
The following standard options influence this command:
 $ncont = 4;
 $labels= ['COLD', 'COLDER', 'FREEZING', 'NORWAY']
 # This will give four blue contour lines labelled in red.
 cont $x, {NCONT => $ncont, LABELS => $labels, LABELCOLOR => RED,
 COLOR => BLUE}
 Usage: bin ( [$x,] $data )
Options recognised:
 CENTRE - (default=1) if true, the x values denote the centre of the
 bin otherwise they give the lower-edge (in x) of the bin
The following standard options influence this command:
 Usage: hi2d ( $image, [$x, $ioff, $bias], [$opt] )
Options recognised:
 IOFFSET - The offset for each array slice. >0 slants to the right
 <0 to the left.
 BIAS - The bias to shift each array slice up by.
The following standard options influence this command:
Note that meddling with the ioffset and bias often will require you to change the default plot range somewhat. It is also worth noting that if you have TriD working you will probably be better off using mesh3d or a similar command - see the PDL::Graphics::TriD module.
 hi2d $y, {IOFF => 1.5, BIAS => 0.07};
Plot an arrow
 Usage: arrow($x1, $y1, $x2, $y2, [, $opt]);
Plot an arrow from $x1, $y1 to $x2, $y2. The arrow shape can be set using the option Arrow. See the documentation for general options for details about this option (and the example below):
 arrow(0, 1, 1, 2, {Arrow => {FS => 1, Angle => 1, Vent => 0.3, Size => 5}});
which draws a broad, large arrow from (0, 1) to (1, 2).
Draw a non-rotated rectangle
Usage: rect ( $x1, $x2, $y1, $y2 )
Options recognised:
The following standard options influence this command:
Draw a polygon
 Usage: poly ( $x, $y )
Options recognised:
The following standard options influence this command:
 # Fill with hatching in two different colours
 # First fill with cyan hatching
 poly $x, $x**2, {COLOR=>5, FILL=>3};
 # Then do it over again with the hatching offset in phase:
 poly $x, $x**2, {COLOR=>6, FILL=>3, HATCH=>{PHASE=>0.5}};
Plot a circle on the display using the fill setting.
 Usage: circle($x, $y, $radius [, $opt]);
All arguments can alternatively be given in the options hash using the following options:
XCenter and YCenter
The position of the center of the circle
The radius of the circle.
Plot an ellipse, optionally using fill style.
 Usage: ellipse($x, $y, $a, $b, $theta [, $opt]);
The major axis of the ellipse - this must be defined or $a must be given.
The minor axis, like A this is required.
Theta (synonym Angle)
The orientation of the ellipse - defaults to 0.0. This is given in radians.
XCenter and YCenter
The coordinates of the center of the ellipse. These must be specified or $x and $y must be given.
The number of points used to draw the ellipse. This defaults to 100 and might need changing in the case of very large ellipses.
The routine also recognises the same standard options as accepted by poly.
Draw a rectangle.
 Usage: rectangle($xcenter, $ycenter, $xside, $yside, [, $angle, $opt]);
This routine draws a rectangle with the chosen fill style. Internally it calls poly which is somewhat slower than pgrect but which allows for rotated rectangles as well. The routine recognises the same options as poly and in addition the following:
XCenter and YCenter
The position of the center of the rectangle. XCentre and YCentre are valid synonyms.
XSide and YSide
The length of the X and Y sides. If only one is specified the shape is taken to be square with that as the side-length, alternatively the user can set Side
The length of the sides of the rectangle (in this case a square) - syntactic sugar for setting XSide and YSide identical. This is overridden by XSide or YSide if any of those are set.
Angle (synonym Theta)
The angle at which the rectangle is to be drawn. This defaults to 0.0 and is given in radians.
Display 2 images as a vector field
 Usage: vect ( $w, $a, $b, [$scale, $pos, $transform, $misval], { opt } );
 $w->vect($a,$b,[$scale,$pos,$transform,$misval], { opt });
This routine will plot a vector field. $a is the horizontal component and $b the vertical component. The scale factor converts between vector length units and scientific positional units. You can set the scale, position, etc. either by passing in parameters in the normal parameter list or by passing in options.
Options recognised:
 SCALE - Set the scale factor for vector lengths.
 POS - Set the position of vectors.
 <0 - vector head at coordinate
 >0 - vector base at coordinate
 =0 - vector centered on the coordinate
 TRANSFORM - The pixel-to-world coordinate transform vector
 MISSING - Elements with this value are ignored.
The following standard options influence this command:
 vect $a, $b, {COLOR=>YELLOW, ARROWSIZE=>0.5, LINESTYLE=>dashed};
Display a pair of 2-D piddles as vectors, with FITS header interpretation
 Usage: fits_vect ($a, $b, [$scale, $pos, $transform, $misval] )
fits_vect is to vect as fits_imag is to imag.
Create transform array for contour and image plotting
 $win->transform([$xdim,$ydim], $options);
(For information on coordinate transforms, try PDL::Transform.) This function creates a transform array in the format required by the image and contouring routines. You must call it with the dimensions of your image as arguments or pass these as an anonymous hash - see the example below.
The rotation angle of the transform, in radians. Positive numbers rotate the image clockwise on the screen.
The dimensions of the image the transform is required for. The dimensions should be passed as a reference to an array.
The increment in output coordinate per pixel.
ImageCenter (or ImageCentre)
The centre of the image as an anonymous array or as a scalar, in scientific coordinates. In the latter case the x and y value for the center will be set equal to this scalar. This is particularly useful in the common case when the center is (0, 0). (ImageCenter overrides RefPos if both are specified).
RefPos (or ReferencePosition)
If you wish to set a pixel other than the image centre to a given value, use this option. It should be supplied with a reference to an array containing 2 2-element array references, e.g.
 RefPos => [ [ $xpix, $ypix ], [ $xplot, $yplot ] ]
This will label pixel ($xpix,$ypix) as being at position ($xplot,$yplot). For example
 RefPos => [ [100,74], [ 0, 0 ] ]
sets the scientific coordinate origin to be at the center of the (100,74) pixel coordinate. The pixel coordinates are pixel-centered, and start counting from 0 (as all good pixel coordinates should).
 $im = rvals(100, 100);
 $t = $w->transform(dims($im), {ImageCenter => 0, Pixinc => 5});
 $w->imag($im, {Transform => $t});
Threaded line plotting
 $win->tline($x, $y, $options);
This is a threaded interface to line. This is convenient if you have a 2D array and want to plot out every line in one go. The routine will apply any options you apply in a "reasonable" way. In the sense that it will loop over the options wrapping over if there are less options than lines.
 $h={Colour => ['Red', '1', 4], Linestyle => ['Solid','Dashed']};
 $ty = $tx + $tx->yvals;
 $win->tline($tx, $ty, $h);
A threaded interface to points
 Usage: tpoints($x, $y, $options);
 $ty = $tx + $tx->yvals;
 tpoints($tx, $ty, $h);
A threaded interface to circle
 Usage: tcircle($x, $y, $r, $options);
This is a threaded interface to circle. This is convenient if you have a list of circle centers and radii and want to draw every circle in one go. The routine will apply any options you apply in a "reasonable" way, in the sense that it will loop over the options wrapping over if there are less options than circles.
 $r=sequence(5)/10 + 0.1;
 $h


How Children Develop 3rd edition
How Children Develop 3rd edition 9781429217903 _PHONE_
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How Children Develop: Worth is proud to publish the Third Edition of How Children Develop by Robert S. Siegler, Judy S. DeLoache, and Nancy Eisenberg—the leading textbook for the topically-organized child development course. Providing a fresh perspective on the field of child development, the authors emphasize fundamental principles, enduring themes, and important recent studies to provide a unique contribution to the teaching of child development.
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Home Green Tech Green Designs
Seghal Foundation's Innovative Recharge Well will Help Developing Countries
senghalrechargewellIn rural India, access to clean drinking water is hard to come by. The country is the second most populated in the world, so that leaves a lot of people without fresh water.
Especially since the population will only continue to grow, it's important to fulfill this basic need. Luckily, the Sehgal Foundation has come up with an insanely easy and simple way to alleviate some of the problem. Their new recharge wells are simply taller, taking advantage of hydrostatic pressure to create a well.
When liquids are confined to narrow space that are long in length, like a tube, it increases the pressure. This is called capillary action. A good example of this seen in everyday life are paper towels. If you take a paper towel and just dip the corner in a puddle of water, the water will spread to more of the towel. Capillary action is a fundamental principle of physics, and it is especially wonderful when innovation can be gleaned from old concepts and shows the power of creativity in science.
The civil engineers at the Sehgal Foundation, an Indian non-profit that has been around for sixteen years, improved on the recharge wells already used in India. Recharge wells take rainwater and "push" it back underground where it can be safely stored. However, in rural India, most of the underground water is too salty for humans to drink and they have been struggling with contamination problems.
The recharge wells are tubes that stick out of the ground to redirect the water. The increased hydrostatic pressure from the longer tubes creates a pocket of fresh water at the bottom, preventing it from mixing with the salty water. A hand pump will deliver the liquid to the surface.
Simple, efficient, and innovative. If only all problems could be solved this easily.
Image (c) Seghal Foundation
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The 30 participants from 10 countries will develop their competances in field of conflict resolution and promotion of Human Rights through theatre methodology.
The training course which will take place in Berlin between 19th and 28th of July. The 30 participants from Germany, Bulgaria, Latvia, Spain, Italy, Croatia, Romania, Poland, Greece, and Lithuania will develop their competences in field of conflict resolution and promotion of Human Rights through theatre methodology.
The aim of the project is developing the competences of youth workers and youth leaders in field of promotion of the human rights their respect and protection, conflict transformation, peace building and intercultural dialogue. through theatre methodology.
- Promotion of young people's role as positive activists in building process of anti-discimination attitudes.
- Strengthening the role of young people and organizations in identifying and counteracting violations of human rights.
- Developing the competances of youth workers and youth leaders in the context of conflict resolution and reduction of radicalism through theatre methodology
- Developing the trainers competances among participanst related to conflict transformation through theatre methodology
- Promoting diversity, intercultural and interreligious dialogue, social inclusion, european values, tolerance, solidarity.
- Fostering cooperation between parnters and participants in the field of youth work.
This Training Course is
for 30 participants
from Bulgaria, Croatia, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Spain
Application Deadline: 3 July 2021


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As you may know, there aren't only Western character encoded websites on the web. There are also websites in Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, etc., and we wanted to know how XLT would perform if we use it for testing a non-Latin website. Non-Latin does not necessarily mean non-UTF-8, but in this case it especially means non-Western characters and right-to-left (RTL). Or in other words, things a normal European or American programmer is not used to.
So, for the first time we tested a non-Latin website, precisely an Arabic one. We created a test case with the Script Developer to test an Arabic news website. The test entered Arabic words in a search field and validated the response to check the correctness of the website's content. Afterwards, we ran the script as a JUnit Test in Eclipse. It was successful. The test was short, but provisionally it proved that XLT also works for non-Latin websites.
Furthermore, we ran the same test in a real browser and it worked as well. We used the FirefoxDriver to simulate user-like actions in Firefox to see if the WebDriver also works with non-Latin input.
When we continued testing, we observed some facts that may interest people who don't often use Arabic as an input language. As you might know, Arabic is written from right to left. We noticed that there's a difference between what appears and what actually happens technically. The following example illustrates that.
Placement of the Asterisk
We inserted a text assertion command in the test case. It was an ends-with validation, i.e. the asterisk should be at the first position if the input language is Latin. So, theoretically, if the input language is Arabic, then the asterisk should be at the first position of the Arabic text (the far right), but that wasn't the case. The asterisk was at the first position from the Latin point of view (the far left).
Then, we tried inserting the asterisk at the first position of the Arabic text (the far right), but as you can see in the figure below the evaluation failed because the asterisk's encoding is Latin-1, and accordingly the first position is then the far left according to the computer. So, we tried to insert the asterisk in Arabic (as input language), but the evaluation failed, as well.
The next picture shows how it should be.
It was really hard trying to switch our way of thinking to the "right way". We spent so much time trying to figure out how to insert the asterisks in the test cases and trying to understand the Arabic point of view.
Not all Asterisks are the same
So, in this case the asterisk must be inserted in Latin. Firstly, the asterisk will be inserted at the last position of the Arabic text and secondly, it has another code. As it turns out, the Arabic asterisk does not have the same code as the Latin asterisk. The Latin asterisk's code in Unicode code points is U+002A and the Arabic one's is U+066D, and it even has another name. It is called "Arabic Five Pointed Star" and it actually looks differently. You might be wondering why that is. We asked ourselves the same thing, and we couldn't find any plausible answer. Of course, there are different characters in Arabic such as the comma (Arabic comma: "،"), but the asterisk is pretty much an asterisk everywhere and we wondered why it is a different character code.
In the following example we wrote a very simple website as an example to check if the position of the asterisks is always on the wrong side (seen from the Arabic point of view).
At the beginning it is important to set the "charset" to Unicode or you'll just get question marks as output. As you can see, we set in the head tag the direction of the text alignment to "rtl"- this means "from right to left"- so that the output on the website would appear from right to left. This also applies to the input field in line 13. As you may notice, there's an exclamation mark added in Latin that's why it's shown at the beginning of the Arabic word because it's technically the last position in Latin. The following picture shows how it appears in the browser.
We decided to write the text in different HTML elements (here: div and span elements) to see if it makes a difference or not if the tested text is over multiple elements. As it turned out, it has no affect if the text is over multiple elements or not and it will be output in the right order, but the problem that the position of the asterisk is wrong to the eyes of an Arab still remains, which may cause great confusion.
Parameters in Western encoding preferred
There's also a small disadvantage for Arabic developers. Parameter names cannot be put in Arabic. Because our tool only accepts characters "A"-"Z", "a"-"z", "0"-"9" and "_" for parameter names. That goes for test case names, as well. If you export your test cases with the Script Developer and you change the parameter names to Arabic in Eclipse, your test will fail unless you change the parameters in the data files as well, and then it will work just fine. The Script Developer will also show the modified Arabic parameter names and it will replay without any trouble. But if you check the parameter names in the Script Developer, you'll notice that the name field is empty.
Programming in Arabic
Unfortunately, Arabic isn't really supported in Eclipse on Windows, even if you run Eclipse in an Arabic version because it's just a translated version of the platform and the operating system's encoding is set to ISO Latin-1, i.e. any output in the console that is non-Latin will only be displayed as question marks. But in Linux it works because it supports UTF-8.
We were surprised that the Arabic version could align the Arabic text to the (far) right where it actually should begin, which is not supported by the Latin version of Eclipse. So, if you're planning on developing a non-Latin website in Eclipse and you stumble upon a version of Eclipse in your language and decide to give it a try don't get your hopes up because these versions are just translated, and might even be incomplete.
To sum up, we expanded our horizon by proving that our tool could also do test automation problem-free on non-Latin websites.


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Create a button object
- Display the Animation panel, and make sure the key editor (timeline) is displayed.
- On the Object menu, click Create Button.
The workspace enters editing mode. In editing mode, all other objects on the workspace are hidden.The Animation key editor displays a timeline for each button state. The button states are identified by an icon ordered as follows, from left to right:
By default, Initial State is displayed on the canvas.
- Use the drawing and text tools to create the button image in its initial state, and animate the Initial State button state as desired.
- In the Animation key editor, select the On Focus In state timeline.
- Modify and, if desired, animate the button image to define how the button appears when it has focus.
- Repeat Steps 4 and 5, for the On Focus Out and On Activate button states.
- On the Object menu, click End Editing.
- On the Inspector, add actions for each state, as necessary.


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The Question:
Is it correct to say "the chicken salad made me nauseous," meaning that it made me feel sick to my stomach? My friend says that this would mean that it made me disgusting.
The Answer:
Your friend is not alone. A number of usage guides insist that "nauseous" can only mean "causing nausea." Week-old chicken salad would be nauseous, they say, and it makes you nauseated.
These usage guides are outdated.
The use of "nauseous" to mean "feeling sick" appears to have originated in New York City shortly after World War II. Despite the best efforts of teachers and other prescriptivists, it is now a completely standard meaning. To quote Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of English Usage, "Any handbook that tells you that nauseous cannot mean 'nauseated' is out of touch with the contemporary language. In current use it seldom means anything else."
With that said, if you wish to play it safe, there is a simple set of alternatives. Use "nauseating" for things that make you sick and "nauseated" for feeling sick.
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Though never saw it on screen the Drone ship was supposedly an adapted warbird. But what does the normal warbird look like?
First lets look at the Drone ship:
Let's logically assume the green fins, and holographic pins are the modifications that leaves the black shape below as the main body of the warbird. What do you think? i know the drone ship was a reuse of the Flea ship from Voyager but it's the only thing we have. their must have been at least a proto-warbird class in the 22nd century.


Roller-Coaster Ride Revs Heart Rate
Riding a roller coaster is a rush for the heart, sending
heart rates soaring as the roller-coaster ride loops, twists, climbs, and
Doctors from Germany's University Hospital of Mannheim report that news in
The Journal of the American Medical Association.
Juergen Kuschyk, MD, and colleagues aren't against roller-coaster rides. But
they suggest that the spike in heart rates during roller-coaster rides might be
something for roller-coaster riders with heart disease to keep in mind.
The doctors tracked the heart rates of 55 healthy men and women before,
during, and after riding the Expedition GeForce roller coaster at the Holiday
Park in Hassloch, Germany.
The roller-coaster riders wore electrodes that tracked their heart rate and
heart rhythm, starting at least five minutes before the ride and ending at
least five minutes after the ride.
Before the roller coaster took off, participants' heart rates averaged 89
beats per minute. That pace picked up in a major way when the two-minute ride
First, the roller coaster slowly climbed for 30 seconds, reaching a height
of about 203 feet.
During that ascent, the riders' heart rates took off, reaching their biggest
increase of the entire ride. Chalk that up to anticipation, note Kuschyk and
The roller coaster's initial climb was followed by a series of free falls,
upside-down passages, and several sharp curves.
The riders' average heart rates spiked to 155 beats per minute during the
ride, calming down a bit to 109 beats per minute at the end of the ride.
Compared with men, women had faster heart rates throughout the
roller-coaster ride. Women's average heart rate reached 165 beats per minute,
compared with 148 beats per minute for men.
The researchers also checked the riders' blood pressure before and after the
The riders' average systolic blood pressure (the first number in a blood
pressure reading) rose by 19 points. Their average diastolic blood pressure
(the second number in a blood pressure reading) rose by five points.
Harmless changes in heart rhythm were recorded up to five minutes after the
ride in 24 riders (44% of the group), according to Kuschyk's team.
"Although the arrhythmias observed in our study of healthy individuals
were benign, the magnitude of increase in heart rates raises the possibility of
risk for individuals with underlying cardiac disease," the doctors
By Miranda Hitti
Reviewed by Louise Chang
B)2005-2006 WebMD, Inc. All rights reserved
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How does the Period Panty work?
Because the COCORO-INTIM company has developed a high quality product you may be curious to know more about it.
Three different types of materials are used to offer absorption and the other properties of COCORO-INTIM knickers.
1- First you have a layer of cotton that stays in contact with your sensitive and intimate skin keeping the soft touch, freshness and freedom. Few models are totally lined with cotton avoiding reactions for the most sensitive ones (who is allergic for other materials), including 2 models made of GOTS Certificate Organic Cotton.
2- The internal fabrics made of high-tech layers that do not touch your skin are responsible for all the magical. This technical material are based on polyester which is developed to be absorbent, water-repellent, antibacterial and breathable.
3- The outer layer is always a piece of design to make you feel comfortable and protected while staying beautiful in different models that are.
English en


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Abdul Razak, I.; Jaafar, N.; Mat Nor, G. (1989) The causes of tooth mortality of permanent teeth in a Malaysian population. Journal of the Irish Dental Association, 35 (1). pp. 39-41. ISSN 0021-1133
The reasons underlying the need for extraction of 2765 permanent teeth carried out over a 6 month period in the Out-patient Clinic in the Dental Faculty, University of Malaya, was investigated. The present study showed that dental caries (67.4) is the leading cause for extraction followed by periodontal disease (19.6). Caries accounted for the highest proportion of extractions up to the age of 50 whereas periodontal disease becomes the major factor beyond this age. The highest frequency of extractions carried out was between the ages of 21-30.
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|Geographical Range||Northern South America|
|Habitat||Forests, woodlands, plains, savannahs|
|Scientific Name||Epicrates cenchria cenchria|
The Brazilian rainbow boa is the largest of the rainbow boas, reaching six or more feet in length. Rainbow boas get their name from the multicolored sheen of their skin, caused by light reflecting off tiny ridges on their scales.
Rainbow boas prowl for food at night and sleep during the day. Although they usually rest in a tree or bush, they spend most of their waking time on the ground. They feed on birds, their eggs, small mammals, lizards, and frogs. Like all boa constrictors, rainbow boas kill their prey by suffocating it as they squeeze the victim's body with their muscular coils.


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By A. S. MICHAEL
BEEKEEPING IN THE UNITED STATES
AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK NUMBER 335
Revised October 1980
Pages 161 – 167
The Federal Government has no laws or regulations on bee diseases within the United States. However, on August 31, 1922, Congress passed a law, popularly known as the Honeybee Act, restricting importing living adult honey bees into the United States. This act was amended in 1947, 1962, and 1976. The 1976 amendment, Pub. L. 94-319, includes the following:
(a) In order to prevent the introduction and spread of diseases and parasites harmful to honeybees, and the introduction of genetically undesirable germ plasm of honeybees, the importation into the United States of all honeybees is prohibited, except that honeybees may be imported into the United States-
(1) by the United States Department of Agriculture for experimental or scientific purposes, or
(2) from countries determined by the Secretary of Agriculture-
(A) to be free of diseases or parasites harmful to honeybees, and undesirable species or subspecies of honeybees; and
(B) to have in operation precautions adequate to prevent the importation of honeybees from other countries where harmful diseases or parasites, or undesirable species or subspecies, of honeybees exist.
(b) Honeybee semen may be imported into the United States only from countries determined by the Secretary of Agriculture to be free of undesirable species or subspecies of honeybees, and which have in operation precautions adequate to prevent the importation of such undesirable honeybees and their semen.
(c) Honeybees and honeybee semen imported pursuant to subsections (a) and (b) of this section shall be imported under such rules and regulations as the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe.
(d) Except with respect to honeybees and honeybee semen imported pursuant to subsections (a) and (b) of this section, all honeybees or honeybee semen offered for import or intercepted entering the United States shall be destroyed or immediately exported.
(e) As used in this Act, the term "honeybee" means all life stages and the germ plasm of honeybees of the genus Apis, except honeybee semen.
Any person who violates any provision of section 1 of this Act or any regulation issued under it is guilty of an offense against the United States and shall, upon conviction, be fined not more than $1,000, or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both.
The Secretary of Agriculture either independently or in cooperation with States or political subdivisions thereof, farmers' associations, and similar organizations and individuals, is authorized to carry out operations or measures in the United States to eradicate, suppress, control, and to prevent or retard the spread of undesirable species and subspecies of honeybees.
The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to cooperate with the Governments of Canada, Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia, or the local authorities thereof, in carrying out necessary research, surveys, and control operations in those countries in connection with the eradication, suppression, control, and prevention or retardation of the spread of undesirable species and subspecies of honeybees, including but not limited to Apis mellifera adansonii, commonly known as the African or Brazilian honeybee. The measure and character of cooperation carried out under this subsection on the part of such countries, including the the expenditure or use of funds appropriated pursuant to this Act, shall be such as may be prescribed by the Secretary of Agriculture. Arrangements for the cooperation authorized by this subsection shall be made through and in consultation with the Secretary of State.
In performing the operations or measures authorized in this Act, the cooperating foreign county, State or local agency shall be responsible for the authority to carry out such operations or measures on all lands and properties within the foreign country or State, other than those owned or controlled by the Federal Government of the United States, and for such other facilities and means as in the discretion of the Secretary of Agriculture as necessary.
The first apiary inspection law in the United States was established in San Bernardino County, Calif., in 1877. By 1883, a statewide law was passed by the California legislature, and by 1906, 12 States had laws relating to foulbrood. At present, almost all States have laws regulating honey bees and beekeeping.
State laws and regulations relating to honey bees and beekeeping are designed primarily to control bee diseases. Therefore, they usually attempt to regulate movement and entry of bees, issuances of permits and certificates, apiary location control and quarantine, inspection, and methods of treating diseased colonies. These laws and regulations are summarized in tables 1, 2, 3, and 4. Tables 1 and 2 are compilations of the bee laws for intrastate regulation; tables 3 and 4 are compilations of bee laws regulating interstate movement of bees and used bee equipment in the United States.
Alaska has no intrastate or interstate laws, and Missouri has no intrastate laws (tables 1-4). Also, there is a lack of uniformity in State bee laws and regulations, but considerable agreement on specific points of law. Most States require registration of apiaries, permits for movement of bees and equipment interstate, certificates of inspection, right of entry of the inspector, movable-frame hives, quarantine of diseased apiaries, notification of the owner upon finding disease, prohibition of sale or transfer of diseased material, and use of penalties in the form of fines or jail or both. Although the destruction of American foul brood-diseased colonies is included in most State laws, table 2 shows that most States also allow the use of drugs for control or preventive treatment of this disease.
The key figure in the enforcement of bee laws and regulations is the apiary inspector. He may have the entire State, a county, or a community under his jurisdiction. His efforts are directed toward locating American foulbrood and eliminating sources of it whenever found.
The effectiveness of bee laws and regulations is based on the compliance of the beekeeper. In addition, responsibility for disease control remains with the beekeeper, who should routinely examine colonies for disease as a regular part of his management program and do what is necessary when disease is found.
State laws regulating interstate movement of bees and used beekeeping equipment vary considerably from State to State. More uniformity in interstate laws would be highly desirable and lead to a more efficient inspection service and more effective beekeeping.


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Hanging Cable as Rotational Vibration Absorberby Ollie L. Vance,
James H. Woodward,
Serial Information: Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, 1976, Vol. 102, Issue 2, Pg. 377-382
Document Type: Journal Paper
Many basic textbooks present an analysis of free vibration of a uniform cable hanging in a gravitational field. An extension to illustrate the effects of a concentrated tip mass is given in Ref. 3. The purpose of this note is twofold: 1. To investigate the free vibration of the rigid body-cable system. 2. to show how a uniform hanging cable can be used as a dynamic absorber for a rigid body constrained to rotate about a fixed axis containing its mass center and subjected to sinusoidal moment disturbances.
Subject Headings: Cables | Vibration | Rotation | Rigid body dynamics | Moment (mechanics)
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|Author||: Ole E Barndorff-Nielsen|
|Publisher||: World Scientific Publishing Company|
|Total Pages||: 344|
|ISBN 10||: 9789814678605|
|ISBN 13||: _PHONE_|
|Language||: EN, FR, DE, ES & NL|
Change of Time and Change of Measure provides a comprehensive account of two topics that are of particular significance in both theoretical and applied stochastics: random change of time and change of probability law. Random change of time is key to understanding the nature of various stochastic processes, and gives rise to interesting mathematical results and insights of importance for the modeling and interpretation of empirically observed dynamic processes. Change of probability law is a technique for solving central questions in mathematical finance, and also has a considerable role in insurance mathematics, large deviation theory, and other fields. The book comprehensively collects and integrates results from a number of scattered sources in the literature and discusses the importance of the results relative to the existing literature, particularly with regard to mathematical finance. In this Second Edition a Chapter 13 entitled 'A Wider View' has been added. This outlines some of the developments that have taken place in the area of Change of Time and Change of Measure since the publication of the First Edition. Most of these developments have their root in the study of the Statistical Theory of Turbulence rather than in Financial Mathematics and Econometrics, and they form part of the new research area termed 'Ambit Stochastics'.


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Today's pipes for extracting water from borewell – Trubore Borewell Piping System.
In India, we have seen a remarkable change in the plumbing solutions. Unlike earlier times, we have pipes for every purpose. The change in piping solutions is also a major reason for agriculture flourishing in India. Agricultural pipes and bore well pipes have made it easier for farmers to easily transport water to their crops.
Today farmers are not dependent on just rainy season for water, today with the help of borewell pipes water can be extracted from ground. For this, Submersible pumps are used to take water out of underground streams by the use of borewell pipes. Borewell Piping Systems is comprised of plain screen pipes, ribbed screen pipes, casing pipes and column pipes. The numbers of pipes used during installation depends on the depth of the bore. The type of screen pipes used depends on the condition of the underground soil.
Column pipes are directly connected to the submersible pipes which help extracting the water. The plain screen and ribbed screen pipes allow water to percolate inside the system. They are installed where there is ample amount of water detected beneath the ground. Also, as they are installed around the column, they help in protecting the bore as well. Casing pipes are generally installed to protect the bore as well as help in collecting the water around the submersible pump. This water is then pumped out of the system for various purposes.
Trubore manufactures all the above-mentioned types of pipes. Now, Let's have a look at the advantages Trubore Borewell piping system:
- Light weight:
As these pipes are made from uPVC material, they are lightweight. Due to this feature, it becomes very easy to transport it via light weight vehicles, depending on the number of pipes to be transported at a time. Additionally, while installing also it becomes easy to handle which helps in quicker as well as safer installation process.
- Cost effective:
Multiple features of these pipe lead in saving costs. Primarily it being made of uPVC material, it is cheaper than most other material pipes available in market. Due to lightweight and quicker installation process, it becomes more cost effective.
- Leakage free:
Trubore borewell pipes are manufactured with precision. Each pipes have square threads, which ensure that the pipes remain firmly gripped together for a longer period of time. Furthermore to prevent any sort of leakage they are provided with rubber rings that help is sealing the system together, making it leak free.
- Corrosion resistant:
uPVC material if resistant to most of the chemicals. Since our pipes are made of the same material, it naturally makes them chemical as well as corrosion resistant.
- Less Friction:
As mentioned above, since Trubore Borewell Pipes are corrosion resistant, thereby no scaling occurs inside the system. Moreover, these pipes have smooth inner surface, which makes the water flow from the system without any hindrance.
All these above points make the Trubore Borewell Piping system a reliable system. For a leak free and long life borewell pipes installation, trust only Trubore.


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Diogo Vasconcelos, who chairs the Association of Young Farmers of the South (AJASUL), told Lusa agency that he is concerned about the news that the regional parliament of Andalusia, in Spain, has approved a "non-legislative proposal" recommendation, requesting water from Alqueva due to the drought.
This desire to bring water from the Alqueva to Andalusia, namely from the Guadiana River downstream of the dam, has also been expressed by farmers in the Spanish region.
"I don't understand why we should give up the little stored water that we have, in one of the few places we have to store it, to Spanish farmers, when the Portuguese also have a lack of water", said Diogo Vasconcelos.
Pointing out that Portugal is also facing "a very long period of drought", with "so little water and storage capacity", the association leader considered that the country "cannot afford" to give up or sell what it has stored.
"I hope this isn't just news", he stressed, arguing that the transfer or sale to the Spanish "will not solve the problem of lack of water in the country, but will worsen it".
Considering that "the Spanish installed more irrigation than they could irrigate", the president of AJASUL highlighted that farmers in the neighbouring country, like the Portuguese, are faced with "a lack of storage capacity".
Diogo Vasconcelos added that the eventual delivery of water from Alqueva to Spanish farmers is also "a matter of national defense", as, faced with a possible "serious lack of water in the Alentejo, the only solution is Alqueva".
The Andalusian parliament approved a proposal to transfer water rights from users of Alqueva to users of the Tinto-Odiel-Piedras and Chanza river basin, within the scope of cooperation between Portugal and Spain, due to the extreme drought situation facing the agricultural sector in the Huelva area, reported the newspaper Público, in the middle of this month.