text:
Sign on to Oppose Bernard McNamee as next FERC Commissioner
Sign on to join with thousands from across the nation to urge the US Senate NOT to approve another Fossil Fool FERC Commissioner!
Another fossil fuel advocate has been nominated to be a Commissioner at the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). Please join with communities and individuals from across the nation to urge the U.S. Senate to oppose confirming Bernard McNamee to be the next FERC Commissioner.
Bernard McNamee is a vocal supporter of dirty fossil fuels. In a 2018 Earth Day op ed printed in The Hill, Mr. McNamee applauded the ongoing use of oil, coal, fracked shale gas and other fossil fuels and asserted that clean energy only works "when the sun is shining or wind is blowing." Mr. McNamee ignores the wealth of research demonstrating that not only are clean energy strategies available and growing, but that in the near term, with sound government policies that support them, clean energy options can well serve U.S. energy needs in the near term, while protecting our environment, public health, job creation and the economy all at the same time.
October 8, 2018, when releasing its Special Report on Climate Change, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) made clear that devastating impacts of climate change will be visited on communities across the globe if swift action is not taken to reduce CO2 and methane emissions by the year 2030. We can't afford another fossil fuel FERC Commissioner.
In addition, FERC continues to misuse its authority to approve pipeline projects that take property rights, and to implement strategies that undermine the rights of people and states to challenge a pipeline before it is built and in the ground, and hires consultants to help review and approve projects where there are demonstrated conflicts of interest.
We need Congressional hearings that are investigating FERC's abuses of its power and its rubber stamp approval of pipelines, not the approval of another fossil fuel FERC Commissioner.
Join us in urging Senators to oppose Bernard McNamee's confirmation to FERC and to urge Congressional hearings into FERC's abuses instead.


text:
One entry found for correct.
Main Entry: 2correct
Function: adjective 1: meeting or agreeing with a particular standard 2: agreeing with fact or known truth - corĚrectĚly /-rek-(t)l/ adverb - corĚrectĚness /-rek(t)-ns/ noun synonymsCORRECT, ACCURATE, EXACT, PRECISE mean brought into agreement with truth, a fact, or a standard. CORRECT stresses the notion that something is free from error . ACCURATE stresses that great care has been taken to make sure that something agrees with the facts . EXACT stresses that something agrees very closely with fact or truth . PRECISE suggests an even closer or more careful agreement with fact or with a certain standard .

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Mr. Daniel Doherty
Anti-Abolitionist Violence in the Antebellum North, _PHONE_
|Anti-Abolitionist Violence in the Antebellum North, _PHONE_ in the Department of History|
Daniel Doherty received his Bachelor of Arts degree in History and American Studies from Connecticut College in 2010 and holds an MSc in History from the University of Edinburgh (2016). His master's dissertation, 'Beyond Abolition: Willian Lloyd Garrison and the Struggle for Progressive Reform, _PHONE_', examined and analyzed the famed abolitionist's post-Civil War journalistic and political career. It was supervised by Dr David Silkenat. His doctoral dissertation, co-supervised by Dr Kevin Waite and Dr Richard Huzzey, concentrates on the rise of anti-abolitionist violence in the Northern United States during the post-Jacksonian period. It seeks to analyze the causes and extent of anti-abolitionism in states traditionally known for their anti-slavery politics. Finally, Daniel is completing his degree remotely and on a part-time basis, maintaining full-time employment as an Instructor of History at an international boarding high school in Boston, Massachusetts.
- The American Civil War
- Antebellum Reform Movements
- Slavery and Emancipation
- Abolitionism and Anti-Abolitionism

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
It was 1314 in Cologne. The first fools or in German "jecken" celebrated a parade through the city. How? We don't know exactly the details, just the date.
200 years later a noble man named Weinsberg wrote about the carnival. He describes that there were no differences between the people, everyone was equal. And this is until today the case, no classifications. It was the time of eating, drinking, dancing and celebrating for 6 days before the six week duration of fasting in the mainly catholic Rhineland started.
Even in the convents it was more casual than throughout the year. The oldest carnival song was written by a nun named Anna around 1500.
And in 1728 another nun wrote about a special supper which lasted until two in the morning with gourmet tea, coffee and even chocolate. They had cinnamon waffles which were baked with a scissor-like iron over the open fire. The recipe came from a Flemish convent. And from there all the popular carnival pastries called "Mutzen" and "Mutzenmandeln", baked with rum and rose water, are deriving.
Another name for the Mutzen is „Nonnenfürzchen" – which comes from the old word "nunnekenfurt" which means "prepared best by nuns".
You bake them in hot oil, therefore they are kind of heavy to digest, so the most people drink some glasses of Schnaps after they consummated them. This brings everyone up to a good and funny mood, the right thing before Ash Wednesday – the end of all festivities and the delicious food. Therefore the days of carnival are not only the "mad days", they are also called the "fat days" because of all the pastries baked in fat, such as the Berliner".
Ingredients for Mutzen
500 g flour
1 tbsp baking powder
125 g butter,
125 g sugar, 2 eggs, 3 tbsp rum,
Cooking Instructions German Carnival Recipes Mutzen
- melt the butter, add sugar, rum and eggs, beat them until foamy.
- add flour, baking powder and mix it well until you have a dough which is making bubbles.
- You habe to roll the dough very thin and you cut slanted squares which are baked in boiling oil until golden.
- Dust them with powdered sugar and sprinkle them with rose water.
This delicious pastry melts in the mouth and lies heavy in the stomach – drink a little Schnaps afterwards.
You get here an ancient recipe from the convent which had been handed through all the centuries from generation to generation. Enjoy the piece of culinary German tradition.


Instance provisioning on a Shared VPC network
This page lists the gcloud CLI commands needed to set up prerequisites, provision an instance in a service project, describe an instance, and delete an instance. In order to accomplish these tasks you should follow the instructions in each section of this page.
For more detailed guidance for these tasks, see the following pages:
Enable APIs
Enable the following APIs needed for configuring a service connection policy, configuring Shared VPC, and creating a Memorystore for Redis Cluster instance.
gcloud
 1. Enable the following APIs in the service project:
 gcloud services enable --project=SERVICE_PROJECT_ID networkconnectivity.googleapis.com
 gcloud services enable --project=SERVICE_PROJECT_ID serviceconsumermanagement.googleapis.com
 gcloud services enable --project=SERVICE_PROJECT_ID redis.googleapis.com

 Replace the SERVICE_PROJECT_ID with your service project ID.
 2. Enable the following APIs in the host project:
 gcloud services enable --project=HOST_PROJECT_ID networkconnectivity.googleapis.com

 Replace the HOST_PROJECT_ID with the ID of your host project.
Create a service connection policy
Next, a service connection policy must be created for the project, network, and region where you want to provision the Memorystore for Redis Cluster instance. Usually this is done by your Network Admin, or you might have the necessary permission run the command if you have the Required role.
This quickstart uses the default network and default subnet.
gcloud
 1. To create the service connection policy, run the create command:
 gcloud network-connectivity service-connection-policies create POLICY_NAME \
 --network=default \
 --project=HOST_PROJECT_ID \
 --region=REGION \
 --service-class=gcp-memorystore-redis \
 --subnets=_URL_

 Replace the following:
 - POLICY_NAME is your desired policy name.
 - HOST_PROJECT_ID is the host project ID.
 - REGION is the same region where you want to provision your Memorystore for Redis Cluster instance.
 2. To validate if the policy was created successfully, run the list command:
 gcloud network-connectivity service-connection-policies list \
 --region=REGION \
 --project=HOST_PROJECT_ID

 Replace the following:
 - HOST_PROJECT_ID is the host project ID.
 - REGION is the region where the service connection policy is defined.
Create an instance
To create an instance, run the following command:
gcloud
gcloud redis clusters create INSTANCE_ID \
--project=SERVICE_PROJECT_ID \
--region=REGION \
--node-type=NODE_TYPE \
--shard-count=SHARD_COUNT \
--replica-count=REPLICA_COUNT \
--network=projects/HOST_PROJECT_ID/global/networks/default
Replace the following:
 - INSTANCE_ID is the instance ID.
 - SERVICE_PROJECT_ID is the service project ID.
 - REGION is the region where you want to provision your instance.
 - NODE_TYPE is your chosen node type. Accepted values are:
 - redis-shared-core-nano
 - redis-standard-small
 - redis-highmem-medium
 - redis-highmem-xlarge
 For more details on node types and cluster configurations, see Cluster and node specification.
 - SHARD_COUNT determines the number of shards in your instance. Shard count determines the total memory capacity for storing cluster data. To see more details about cluster specification, see Cluster and node specification.
 - REPLICA_COUNT is your desired number of read replicas (per shard). Accepted values are 0, 1, and 2.
 - HOST_PROJECT_ID is the host project ID.
Describe the instance
To view instance details, run the following command:
gcloud
gcloud redis clusters describe INSTANCE_ID \
--project=SERVICE_PROJECT_ID \
--region=REGION
Replace the following:
 - INSTANCE_ID is the instance ID.
 - SERVICE_PROJECT_ID is the service project ID.
 - REGION is the region where your instance is located.
Delete the instance
To delete an instance, run the following command:
gcloud
gcloud redis clusters delete INSTANCE_ID \
--project=SERVICE_PROJECT_ID \
--region=REGION
Replace the following:
 - INSTANCE_ID is the instance ID.
 - SERVICE_PROJECT_ID is the service project ID.
 - REGION is the region where your instance is located.


text:
BACKGROUND: Although around 10% to 15% of COPD burden can be attributed to workplace exposures, little is known about the role of different airborne occupational pollutants (AOP). The main aim of the study was to assess the effect size of the relationship between various AOP, their level and duration of exposure with airflow obstruction (AFO). METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 228 614 participants from the UK Biobank study who were assigned occupational exposure using a job exposure matrix blinded to health outcome. Adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CI for the risk of AFO for ever and years of exposure to AOPs were estimated using robust Poisson model. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for never-smokers, non-asthmatic and bi-pollutant model. RESULTS: Of 228 614 participants, 77 027 (33.7%) were exposed to at least one AOP form. 35.5% of the AFO cases were exposed to vapours, gases, dusts or fumes (VGDF) and 28.3% to dusts. High exposure to vapours increased the risk of occupational AFO by 26%. Exposure to dusts (adjusted PR=1.05; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.08), biological dusts (1.05; 1.01 to 1.10) and VGDF (1.04; 1.01 to 1.07) showed a significantly increased risk of AFO, however, statistically not significant following multiple testing. There was no significant increase in risk of AFO by duration (years) of exposure in current job. The results were null when restricted to never-smokers and when a bi-pollutant model was used. However, when data was analysed based on the level of exposure (low, medium and high) compared with no exposure, directionally there was increase in risk for those with high exposure to vapours, gases, fumes, mists and VGDF but statistically significant only for vapours. CONCLUSION: High exposure (in current job) to airborne occupational pollutants was suggestive of higher risk of AFO. Future studies should investigate the relationship between lifetime occupational exposures and COPD.
COPD epidemiology, occupational lung disease


Benefits Of everything that matters
Benefits Of Onsite Childcare
Benefits of Onsite Childcare
An onsite childcare facility refers to a place where daycare for a baby is offered either directly at the workplace or next to it. Different from other kinds of childcare that are generally offered in someone's house, onsite childcare is offered in a workplace facility. Through incorporating onsite childcare into a business, the following advantages are gotten.
1. Flexible work schedules
Having an onsite childcare basically means that when employees are placed on varying schedules, it is not going to affect their childcare situations. For instance, if the business needs to change work hours so as to better cater for its consumers or lessen overhead costs, having an onsite childcare facility ensures that this process is easier for both the company and the employees.
2. Enhances employment opportunities
A business with onsite a childcare facility has an additional benefit to provide would-be recruits that another company might not have. If you are looking for the best employees that you can get, offering onsite childcare places your business ahead of other people. Actually, companies that offer onsite childcare have better retention rates.
3. Increases focus
Having a childcare situation miles away that is far away from the place of work can become an enormous distraction to workers if complications arise. However, when the business offers childcare for workers onsite, parents can easily deal with any arising issues with their children directly and then get back to their jobs. Furthermore, onsite childcare also eases the worker's minds as they know that their kids are close to them, reducing employee distraction.
4. Boosts loyalty
When a business opens a childcare facility onsite while offering a reasonable charge to the employees, it assists to build and boost loyalty. It essentially becomes an advantage of employment, just like health insurance.
However, an onsite childcare might appear impersonal and institutional. A child might not have the continuity of childcare from one person, thereby making forming attachments and bonds difficult.
Benefits Of Onsite Childcare
1 User Submission
 1. I agree, that offering childcare for employees in the organization would be a added benefit for any employee. Any parent would love to be able to go see their child during lunch breaks to assure they are ok and be able to return to work without the stress or concerns of wondering if their child is ok. I also believe that onsite child care facitlities would reduce absentism, lateness and increase employess productivity, so I am all for childcare serivice for employees being an added benefit.
Do you think the article can be improved? Share Your Expertise
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how to get value from the textblock, which is present in listbox....
here is the code xaml :

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1 Answer
You don't get the value directly from the TextBlock.
Instead what you do is bind the SelectedItem to a property on your viewmodel. To get the value of the TextBlock directly would violate the priciples of MVVM (if you are using that pattern). The viewmodel presents the data, it has no clue how that data is being rendered to the UI. IOW it has no idea there are three TextBlocks.
 ... etc...
This means that every time the selected item is changed, the new value will be populated into the bound property on the viewmodel. All you have to do then is access that object - it's as easy as that. This means you may also possibly be able to get rid of your SelectionChanged event hookup, depending on what it is doing.
However if you insist on getting the instance of the template used to present any particular data item in a list control, then this is the way to do it programmatically:
This will return you the StackPanel and its contents, you can then either use FindName() or just enumerate the child controls to find the one you are interested in.
FrameworkElement element = myListBox.ItemContainerGenerator.ContainerFromItem(myDataItem) as FrameworkElement;
if (element!= null)
 FrameworkElement child = element.FindName("myChildName");
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Available tokenization options
Weaviate offers a variety of tokenization options to choose from. These options allow you to configure how keyword searches and filters are performed in Weaviate for each property.
The main options are:
 - word: alphanumeric, lowercased tokens
 - lowercase: lowercased tokens
 - whitespace: whitespace-separated, case-sensitive tokens
 - field: the entire value of the property is treated as a single token
Let's explore each of these options in more detail, including how they work and when you might want to use them.
Tokenization methods
word
The word tokenization method splits the text by any non-alphanumeric characters, and then lowercases each token.
Here are some examples of how the word tokenization method works:
TextTokens
"Why, hello there!"["why", "hello", "there"]
"Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman"["lois", "clark", "the", "new", "adventures", "of", "superman"]
"variable_name"["variable", "name"]
"Email: _EMAIL_"["email", "john", "doe", "example", "com"]
When to use word tokenization
The word tokenization is the default tokenization method in Weaviate.
Generally, if you are searching or filtering "typical" text data, word tokenization is a good starting point.
But if symbols (such as &, @ or _) are important to your data and search, or distinguishing between different cases is important, you may want to consider using a different tokenization method such as lowercase or whitespace.
lowercase
The lowercase tokenization method splits the text by whitespace, and then lowercases each token.
Here are some examples of how the lowercase tokenization method works:
TextTokens
"Why, hello there!"["why,", "hello", "there!"]
"Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman"["lois", "&", "clark:", "the", "new", "adventures", "of", "superman"]
"variable_name"["variable_name"]
"Email: _EMAIL_"["email:", "_EMAIL_"]
When to use lowercase tokenization
The lowercase tokenization can be thought of as word, but including symbols. A key use case for lowercase is when symbols such as &, @ or _ are significant for your data.
This might include cases where your database contains code snippets, email addresses, or any other symbolic notations with meaning.
As an example, consider filtering for objects containing "database_address":
TextTokenizationMatched by "database_address"
"database_address"word
"database_address"lowercase
"database_company_address"word
"database_company_address"lowercase
Note how the filtering behavior changes. A careful choice of tokenization method can ensure that the search results meet your and the users' expectations.
whitespace
The whitespace tokenization method splits the text by whitespace.
Here are some examples of how the whitespace tokenization method works:
TextTokens
"Why, hello there!"["Why,", "hello", "there!"]
"Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman"["Lois", "&", "Clark:", "The", "New", "Adventures", "of", "Superman"]
"variable_name"["variable_name"]
"Email: _EMAIL_"["Email:", "_EMAIL_"]
When to use whitespace tokenization
The whitespace tokenization method adds case-sensitivity to lowercase. This is useful when your data distinguishes between cases, such as for names of entities or acronyms.
A risk of using whitespace tokenization is that it can be too strict. For example, a search for "superman" will not match "Superman", as the tokens are case-sensitive.
But this could be managed on a case-by-case basis. It would be possible to construct queries that are case-insensitive, such as by having the query create two versions of the search term: one in lowercase and one in uppercase.
On the other hand, it will not be possible to construct case-sensitive queries using word or lowercase tokenization.
field
The field tokenization method simply treats the entire value of the property as a single token.
Here are some examples of how the field tokenization method works:
TextTokens
"Why, hello there!"["Why, hello there!"]
"Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman"["Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman"]
"variable_name"["variable_name"]
"Email: _EMAIL_"["Email: _EMAIL_"]
When to use field tokenization
The field tokenization is useful when exact matches of strings in the exact order are important. Typically, this is useful for properties that contain unique identifiers, such as email addresses, URLs, or other unique strings.
Generally, field tokenization should be used judiciously due to its strictness.
For keyword searches, field tokenization has limited use. A keyword search for "computer mouse" will not match "mouse for a computer", nor will it match "computer mouse pad" or even "a computer mouse".
Stop words
Weaviate supports stop words. Stop words are common words which are often filtered out from search queries because they occur frequently and do not carry much meaning.
By default, Weaviate uses a list of English stop words. You can configure your own list of stop words in the schema definition.
This means that after tokenization, any stop words in the text behave as if they were not present. For example, a filter for "a computer mouse" will behave identically to a filter for "computer mouse".
Language-specific tokenization
The above tokenization methods work well for English, or other languages that use spaces to separate words.
However, not all languages rely on spaces to define natural semantic boundaries. For languages like Japanese or Chinese, where words are not separated by spaces, you may need to use a different tokenization method.
Starting with v1.24 Weaviate provides gse and trigram tokenization methods for this reason.
gse implements the "Jieba" algorithm, which is a popular Chinese text segmentation algorithm. trigram splits text into all possible trigrams, which can be useful for languages like Japanese.
Questions and feedback
If you have any questions or feedback, let us know in the user forum.


Kourtaliotiko Gorge
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Kourtaliotiko Gorge
The Kourtaliotiko Gorge (Greek: Κουρταλιώτικο Φαράγγι), also known as the Asomatos Gorge (Greek: Φαράγγι Ασώματου), is a gorge on the southern side of the western part of the island of Crete. It is situated where the Kourtaliotiko River flows southwards between the mountains of Kouroupa and Xiron.
Entrance Arch
The village of Koxare is at the northern end of the gorge. A road runs north to south through the gorge connecting Koxare to Asomatos; it then leads west, to the town of Plakias on the southern coast of Crete.
There is a small church (Agios Nikolaos) in the gorge and a 40-metre-high waterfall.
The cliffs on the side of the gorge provide a roosting site for the Lammergeier vulture.[1]
There is a specific point on the gorge, about 20 metres from the northern entrance, some "claps" can be heard, like hands coming together. These "claps" are the "kourtala", that give the name to the gorge. These are a consequence of the wind being funnelled through the high caves of the gorge and breaking the sound barrier. The point near the northern entrance is the main point where this sound can be heard.
 1. ^ GR183 Mount Kedros and Kourtaliotiko gorge Hellenic Ornithological Society, Important Bird Areas of Greece.
External links[edit]
Coordinates: 35°12′11″N 24°28′08″E / 35.203°N 24.469°E / 35.203; 24.469


text:
These machines are generally used before grinding station since they allow to dose the necessary quantity of water for the cereal to soften and make its peel more elastic.
Half-automatic cereal damping system
Half-automatic system with manual adjusting of the water quantity.
Half automatic cereal damping system with dipped screw
The cereal, slowed down by the braking case, invests the leafed valve and it enters the screw. Thanks to the valve, the magnetic switch closes the electric valves circuit, allowing to water and to compressed air to flow into the pulveriser.
The cereal is conveyed by the screw and during the advancement the water distributes itself homogeneously on the grain external part.The water quantity is regulated by a feed, screw and reading of past volume is indicated at the inside of the graded pipe of the flow measurer.
The air pressure is adjustable by means of a pressure reducer and the pulveriser has a regulator to indicate the degree of pulverisation.Once finished the cereal flow, the leafed valve returns to rest and its microswitch determines the closing of the solenoid valve by interrupting the water flow.
Automatic cereal damping system with capacity measurer
Automatic system with capacity and humidity measurer on dry cereal with introduction of water according to established humidity.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Learn how to change the WFBS Scan Method from Conventional Scan to Smart Scan or vice-versa.
To select the scan method, do one of the following:
If WFBS was freshly installed
- Log on to the WFBS console.
- Click Security Settings.
- Click a Servers (Default) or Desktops(Default) group.
- Click Configure.
- Click Smart Scan or Conventional Scan.
- Click Save.
If WFBS was upgraded from lower versions
Conventional Scan is the default method. The Smart Scan and Conventional Scan buttons are also not present in the console. To activate Smart Scan, refer to this solution: Enabling or disabling the Smart Scan function in WFBS.


text:
Maintenance-free, compact and thin tracking system realized by combining energy harvesting technology and low resistance, high capacity EnerCera battery.
Location information can be managed through PC/smartphone, etc.
Photovoltaic powered indoor/outdoor position tracker.
The conventional GPS trackers using primary (non-rechargeable) battery require periodic battery replacement. Also due to the size of the battery used, compactness and weight reduction of GPS trackers have always been a problem. When using a tracker as a sensor logger for logistics or as a monitoring devices for elderly people, children, and pets, there were also a demand for not only logging the acquired location information, but also constantly monitor and possibly manage it. For that purpose, there was a need for a system that could constantly acquire location information from both indoors and outdoors.
A real-time maintenance-free tracking device has been realized by combining solar cells with high power, high capacity EnerCera battery and ultra low power RE MCU from Renesas Electronics. In addition, we have realized a tracking device that can be used anywhere, by using Wi-Fi as a method of acquiring location information indoor, or installing a system that can acquire location information from GPS outdoors where Wi-Fi is not connected. By using LoRa for communication via the cloud, it is possible to constantly manage information on PCs / smartphones, etc.


text:
Climate change is the grave reality of the twenty-first century. Hundreds of animal species necessary for a healthy ecosystem are getting extinct. Moreover, the temperature of the earth is rising drastically and taking the lives of thousands of people around the globe.
Pakistan is one of the countries of the world which is facing severe implications of climate change. Research claims that the number and duration of heatwaves have increased significantly over the course of years and are expected to reach new heights in the future. This highlights the need to study and research in climate change studies.
There several developed countries in the world that are actively leading to climate education. Canada has faced a drastic climate change due to which it is utilizing its sources to research problems and derive solutions. Pakistani students have a great opportunity of studying in Canada.
Going to Canada may seem like a difficult endeavor. Generally, students take the help of education consultants and secure their admissions to pursue their international education venture.
This article will highlight the reasons for pursuing climate change studies from Canada.
Top four reasons to pursue climate change studies from Canada
Canada is among the most developed countries in the world. When it faced climate change and environmental issues, it used its resources to find solutions. The developing and underdeveloped countries of the world are struggling because they do not have enough and efficient means to lead the research and find solutions.
The following are some of the most important reasons Pakistani students should pursue climate studies from Canada.
1. Top Ranking Institutes for Climate Change Studies
The University of British Columbia, University of Waterloo, and York University are among the top institutes of Canada. The institutes hold a significant position in the international rankings of climate change education. They provide the best quality education about the climatic and environmental issues, occurring not only in Canada but the whole world.
2. Leading in Climate Change Action Based Research
One of the most important reasons Pakistani students should pursue climate change education in Canada is that the country is actively leading the research in the field. The research is focused on renewable energy sources, the use of a smart grid, desalination, carbon reporting, and agricultural production. The research is intended to explore problems and devise strategies for their solution.
3. Special Focus on Sustainable Development
Another most important reason to study climate change in Canada is that the country is efficiently following the concepts of sustainable development. The students will get the opportunity of reviewing the practical implications of sustainable means. They will be able to learn as well as implement new strategies to save the atmosphere. They can also conduct research according to the conditions of their homeland and ensure the application of solutions.
4. Focus on Environmental Engineering Courses
Environmental engineering is one of the most important fields related to climate change studies. The climate is not getting affected by the practices of one person or industry. The whole world is contributing it. Therefore, there is a great need for changing our thinking patterns and practices to ensure the safety of the atmosphere.
The focus of environmental engineering courses in Canada is revolutionizing the industrial sector to minimize pollution, agricultural sectors to ensure enough food production and carbon emissions to control the harm caused to the ozone layer.
Want to contribute to saving the atmosphere?
The least you can do is change your practices and reduce carbon emissions to the atmosphere. You can also think big and become an active supporter of a safe climate. For this, you will have to set an example for the rest of society and show them the right path. You can also pursue climate change studies form Canada.
If you are worried about the process, there are a number of opportunities that you can explore. You can consult the education consultants in Islamabad and secure your admission as well as ensure a smooth visa process. By getting climate education, you will be able to lead, and implement the research to improve the climatic conditions. So, do not sit back but play your role in saving the earth.


columns in the foreign key local table order.
 Column[] ForeignKey.getConstantColumns()
 Return the local columns that we link to using constant values.
 Column[] ForeignKey.getConstantPrimaryKeyColumns()
 Return the primary key columns that we link to using constant values.
 Column ForeignKey.getPrimaryKeyColumn(Column local)
 Return the primary key column joined to the given local column.
 Column[] ForeignKey.getPrimaryKeyColumns()
 Return the foreign columns in the foreign key, in join-order with the result of ForeignKey.getColumns().
 Column[] Table.getRelationIdColumns()
 Return this table's relation id columns.
 Column Table.importColumn(Column col)
 Import a column from another table.
protected Column SchemaGroup.newColumn(DBIdentifier name, Table table)

protected Column DynamicSchemaFactory.newColumn(DBIdentifier name, Table table)

protected Column SchemaGroup.newColumn(String name, Table table)
 Deprecated.

Methods in org.apache.openjpa.jdbc.schema with parameters of type Column
 void Unique.addColumn(Column col)
 Adds the given column.
 boolean SchemaTool.addColumn(Column col)
 Add the given column to the database schema.
 void PrimaryKey.addColumn(Column col)

 void LocalConstraint.addColumn(Column col)
 Add a column to the constraint.
(package private) void Table.changeAutoAssigned(Column col)
 Called by columns when their auto increment status changes.
(package private) void Table.changeRelationId(Column col)
 Called by columns when their relation id status changes.
 boolean LocalConstraint.columnsMatch(Column[] ocols)
 Return true if the given columns match the columns of this constraint.
 boolean ForeignKey.columnsMatch(Column[] fkCols, Column[] fkPKCols)
 Return true if the given local and foreign columns match those on this key.
 boolean ForeignKey.columnsMatch(Column[] fkCols, Column[] fkPKCols)
 Return true if the given local and foreign columns match those on this key.
 boolean LocalConstraint.containsColumn(Column col)
 Return true if the pk includes the given column.
 boolean ForeignKey.containsColumn(Column col)
 Return true if the fk includes the given local column.
 boolean ForeignKey.containsConstantColumn(Column col)
 Return true if the fk includes the given local column.
 boolean ForeignKey.containsConstantPrimaryKeyColumn(Column col)
 Return true if the fk includes the given primary key column.
 boolean ForeignKey.containsPrimaryKeyColumn(Column col)
 Return true if the fk includes the given primary key column.
 void Column.copy(Column from)
 Copy information from the given column to this one.
 boolean SchemaTool.dropColumn(Column col)
 Drop the given column from the database schema.
 boolean Column.equalsColumn(Column col)
 Tests compatibility.
 Column ForeignKey.getColumn(Column pk)
 Return the local column joined to the given primary key column.
 Object ForeignKey.getConstant(Column local)
 Return the constant value assigned to the given local column.
 Column ForeignKey.getPrimaryKeyColumn(Column local)
 Return the primary key column joined to the given local column.
 Object ForeignKey.getPrimaryKeyConstant(Column pk)
 Return the constant value assigned to the given primary key column.
 Column Table.importColumn(Column col)
 Import a column from another table.
 boolean ColumnIO.isAllInsertable(Column[] cols, boolean nullValue)
 Equivalent to isAllInsertable (cols.length, nullValue).
 boolean ColumnIO.isAllUpdatable(Column[] cols, boolean nullValue)
 Equivalent to isAllUpdatable (cols.length, nullValue).
 boolean ColumnIO.isAnyInsertable(Column[] cols, boolean nullValue)
 Equivalent to isAnyInsertable (cols.length, nullValue).
 boolean ColumnIO.isAnyUpdatable(Column[] cols, boolean nullValue)
 Equivalent to isAnyUpdatable (cols.length, nullValue).
 boolean ColumnIO.isInsertable(Column col, boolean nullValue)
 Equivalent to isInsertable (0, nullValue), but returns false if the given column is null.
 boolean ColumnIO.isUpdatable(Column col, boolean nullValue)
 Equivalent to isUpdatable (0, nullValue), but returns false if the given column is null.
 void ForeignKey.join(Column local, Column toPK)
 Join a local column to a primary key column of another table.
 void ForeignKey.joinConstant(Column col, Object val)
 Join a constant value to a local column of this table.
 void ForeignKey.joinConstant(Object val, Column toPK)
 Join a constant value to a primary key column of another table.
 boolean Table.removeColumn(Column col)
 Remove the given column from the table.
 boolean LocalConstraint.removeColumn(Column col)
 Remove a column from the constraint.
 boolean ForeignKey.removeJoin(Column col)
 Remove any joins inolving the given column.
 void LocalConstraint.setColumns(Column[] cols)
 Set the columns the constraint spans.
 void ForeignKey.setConstantJoins(Column[] cols, Object[] consts)
 Set the foreign key's constant joins.
 void ForeignKey.setConstantJoins(Object[] consts, Column[] pkCols)
 Set the foreign key's constant joins.
 void ForeignKey.setJoins(Column[] cols, Column[] pkCols)
 Set the foreign key's joins.
 void ForeignKey.setJoins(Column[] cols, Column[] pkCols)
 Set the foreign key's joins.

Uses of Column in org.apache.openjpa.jdbc.sql

Methods in org.apache.openjpa.jdbc.sql that return Column
 Column[] RowImpl.getColumns()

 Column[] SQLServerDictionary.getColumns(DatabaseMetaData meta, DBIdentifier catalog, DBIdentifier schemaName, DBIdentifier tableName, DBIdentifier columnName, Connection conn)

 Column[] PointbaseDictionary.getColumns(DatabaseMetaData meta, DBIdentifier catalog, DBIdentifier schemaName, DBIdentifier tableName, DBIdentifier columnName, Connection conn)

 Column[] OracleDictionary.getColumns(DatabaseMetaData meta, DBIdentifier catalog, DBIdentifier schemaName, DBIdentifier tableName, DBIdentifier columnName, Connection conn)

 Column[] InformixDictionary.getColumns(DatabaseMetaData meta, DBIdentifier catalog, DBIdentifier schemaName, DBIdentifier tableName, DBIdentifier columnName, Connection conn)

 Column[] H2Dictionary.getColumns(DatabaseMetaData meta, DBIdentifier catalog, DBIdentifier schemaName, DBIdentifier tableName, DBIdentifier columnName, Connection conn)

 Column[] FoxProDictionary.getColumns(DatabaseMetaData meta, DBIdentifier catalog, DBIdentifier schemaName, DBIdentifier tableName, DBIdentifier columnName, Connection conn)

 Column[] DBDictionary.getColumns(DatabaseMetaData meta, DBIdentifier catalog, DBIdentifier schemaName, DBIdentifier tableName, DBIdentifier columnName, Connection conn)
 Reflect on the schema to find columns matching the given table and column patterns.
 Column[] SQLServerDictionary.getColumns(DatabaseMetaData meta, String catalog, String schemaName, String tableName, String columnName, Connection conn)

 Column[] PointbaseDictionary.getColumns(DatabaseMetaData meta, String catalog, String schemaName, String tableName, String columnName, Connection conn)

 Column[] OracleDictionary.getColumns(DatabaseMetaData meta, String catalog, String schemaName, String tableName, String columnName, Connection conn)

 Column[] InformixDictionary.getColumns(DatabaseMetaData meta, String catalog, String schemaName, String tableName, String columnName, Connection conn)

 Column[] HSQLDictionary.getColumns(DatabaseMetaData meta, String catalog,


text:
One of Deutsche Telekom's ambitious goals is to become climate-neutral within the company by 2025. The company is making strides towards this goal by switching its entire company fleet in Germany to electric vehicles. Additionally, the company is aiming to achieve complete climate neutrality by 2040. In March 2023, the company set a new, ambitious interim goal – by 2030, it wants to have cut its CO2 emissions by 55 percent compared to 2020.
Deutsche Telekom recognizes that managing energy more efficiently is critical to achieving its sustainability goals. With the demand for data increasing by around 25 % every year, there is a risk that energy consumption in the company's networks will rise, too. To combat this, Deutsche Telekom is aiming to double energy efficiency in its European networks by 2024 by replacing old technology with newer versions and switching its network infrastructure to IP technology.


gumnut trans
 LONE PINE KOALA SANCTUARY
World's First and Largest Koala Sanctuary
Only 12km from Brisbane City, Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary is the world's first and largest koala sanctuary with 130 koalas. Hold a koala, hand feed kangaroos and meet a large variety of Australian wildlife in beautiful, natural settings.
OPEN every day over Easter (9am-5pm)
& ANZAC Day (25th April, 1:30-5pm).
No surcharges apply.
Major Mitchell
Major Mitchell
Pink cockatoo or Major Mitchell?
Often called a pink cockatoo due to its soft pink body colouring, the Major Mitchell cockatoo is in fact named after Major Sir Thomas Mitchell, who was a surveyor and explorer of south-east Australia during the 1800s.
Faithful Lovers
During the mating season, males attract females by strutting along branches bobbing their heads with their crests raised. Like many Australian cockatoos, adult pairs mate for life and return to the same breeding grounds year after year.
What's on the menu?
At times, Major Mitchell cockatoos will feed on various insects, however, their diet primarily consists of over 30 species of plants including wattles, hakeas, grevilleas, and pines throughout their shrub and woodland habitat.


exist among the tuples in a relation.
4.1 WHERE and the Selectivity Factor
When filtering with WHERE, we think of a "selectivity factor" – which percentage of the tuples will remain after the filter.
4.1.1 Ranges
Obviously, just range of allowed values over total range of possible values. If there are strict less than or greater than signs and the data type is integral, make sure to avoid off-by-one errors. Eg, WHERE sth < 10 when sth is distributed uniformly from 1 through 100, there are 9 allowed values for sth – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. It can also be unintuitive in the opposite direction: if data is from 0 to 100, inclusive, and we're selecting <= 10, then there are actually 11 possible values!
4.1.2 Equals
WHERE sth = val has a selectivity factor of 1/V(sth); this is the number of rows, on average, with sth equal to a given value (I just restated the problem).
4.1.3 AND
Assume independence, multiply selectivity factors for subclauses.
If conditions are mutually exclusive (disjoint), selectivity factor is zero. If one condition is always true when the other is true, the selectivity factor is the minimum from among its subclauses.
4.1.4 OR
Assume fully disjoint conditions, add selectivity factors for subclauses.
If conditions are independent, divide the sum of the selectivity factors by their product, just like in statistics. If conditions are fully overlapping, take the maximum selectivity factor from a subclause.
4.2 Joins
Specifically, we'll talk about inner equijoins. Let's name the common column 'com'. There are a certain number of distinct values of 'com', 'V(com)'. If one relation has a value of 'com' that the other relation lacks, that value will not be present in the join output. So, we define the number of distinct values of 'com' as 'min(V(coma), V(comb))'. Now, for each value of 'com', we can calculate the number of rows as a cartesian join between the tables 'T(A) * T(B)' followed by an AND selection between two equals, so a selectivity factor of '(1/V(coma) * 1/V(comb))', meaning a cardinality of 'T(A) * T(B) / (1/V(coma) * 1/V(comb)) * min(V(coma), V(comb))', which can be simplified (we'll get to it).
Alternatively, let's start with all the rows of table A, or 'T(A)'. For each row, we will match with 'T(B)/V(B)' rows from the other table, so our output cardinality is 'T(A) * T(B) / V(B)'
5 Entity/Relationship
5.1 Entity Classes
5.2 Relationships
Connect two entity classes; are a subset of the cartesian joins of those two entity classes. Eg, if we have employee and company, all possible "works for" relationships are the cartesian join of employees and companies: Every employee works for every company. A subset of that is true: These employees work for those companies.
Relationships can have attributes and data beyond just the primary keys of their connected entity classes – eg, we might include a field saying how many hours per week each employee works for their company.
It also makes sense to have multiple relationships between the same classes.
5.2.1 Arrows
Represent the n:n, 1:n, etc-ness of a relationship to its connected entity classes.
Line
Unrestricted
Arrow
Up to one
Semicircle
Exactly one
Explicit
Custom constraint
A relationship between employees and companies with an arrow to the company entity class would mean that an employee cannot work for more than one company.
6 Transactions
6.1 Conflicts
A conflict is a relationship between two operations, whether from the same transaction or different ones, that states their order cannot be changed without breaking the conflict-serializability of the schedule. It's a bit like the elementary row operations in linear algebra: Two schedules are conflict-equivalent iff one can be turned into the other only by swapping around non-conflicting operations. Note here that conflict-equivalent means not only that it seems like one transaction occured completely before the other but that the same transaction occured first. Two different conflict-serializable schedules representing the same two transactions, but executed in opposite orders, cannot necessarily reach each other by swapping non-conflicting operations.
In short: Swapping non-conflicting operations produces a schedule that leaves the database in the exact same state as the original schedule would have.
W = Write, R = Read
6.1.1 WW (Lost Write)
Two writes in one transaction are interrupted by a write from another transaction. Think of both of the Ws of the acronym as being inside the same transaction; they get interrupted by a third W from the other transaction.
6.1.2 WR (Dirty Read)
Read in one transaction happens while the database is in an inconsistent state in the middle of another transaction. The W and R occur in different transactions, in that order. Really, though, it should be a WRW, where the first and last W are in the same transaction.
6.1.3 RW (Unrepeatable Read)
Really should be RWR. The difference from WR, then, is that the intermediate W leaves the database in a consistent state, so the second R reads a consistent state. The problem is that it's a different consistent state than the first R read, so the first transaction may rely on the output of the second R being "compatible" with the first one (i.e, that reading the same row returns the same column values).
6.1.4 Phantom Read
Closely related to RW conflicts; I'd even call them a subset of RW conflicts. They occur when a query that should return a subset of another query returns a row that wasn't in the superset-query's, or when a query that should return a superset of another query returns a row that should have been included in the subset.
For example, if we select flights shorter than 60 minutes, insert a 45 minute flight in another transaction, then select flights shorter than 90 minutes.
Concisely, phantom reads are RW conflicts related to extra or missing rows, while normal RW conflicts have to do with updates on existing rows.
6.2 ACID
Atomic
All or nothing.
Consistent
Conform to constraints, such as foreign keys or data types.
Isolated
Each transaction has the same effect it would have had if all transactions were executed serially.
Durable
Handles interruption gracefully.
6.3 Two-Phase Locking
A mechanism to categorically prevent conflicts! It's simply this: Whenever a transaction will do anything with a resource (read or write), it locks that resource. And, a transaction does not acquire any locks after it has released its first lock.
Can we prove this works?
If there are conflicting operations on the same element, obviously, all of those operations from one transaction will have to occur before the other, because a transaction does not release its lock on that element until it is completely done with it. So, we can simplify our model of each transaction down to a sequence of "operations", one per affected element. Eg, R1(A), W1(A), R2(A) turns into O1(A), O2(A).
Now, we just have to make sure that O1 operations are either all before or all after their corresponding operations from O2. So, O1(A), O2(A), O1(B), O2(B) is OK, but O1(A), O2(A), O2(B), O1(B) is not.
Two transactions both operate on elements A..Z. For now, let's assume that both transactions lock all elements in the same order. Define transaction 1 as the transaction that acquires the lock on A before transaction 2. Well, transaction 2 can't lock A until transaction 1 has locked all of the elements, So, obviously A occurs first in 1. B was locked by transaction 1 before it released A, so B also occurs first in transaction 1. Etc.
What if the order of locking of A..Z differs between the transactions? Then a transaction can acquire some locks while the other acquires some other locks, until one transaction, transaction 1, tries to acquire a lock held by transaction 2. This might be a deadlock, which is outside the scope of this proof, but if it isn't a deadlock,
6.3.1 Strict 2PL
Only release locks just before/simultaneously with a ROLLBACK or COMMIT to prevent unrecoverable schedules (that cannot be rolled back).
6.4 Isolation Levels
SQL: SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED
6.4.1 READ UNCOMMITTED
No read locks. You might read data that will not exist, because it was set by a (different) transaction that will be aborted. I.e, dirty reads are allowed. Write locks are still done with strict 2PL to prevent WW conflicts.
6.4.2 READ COMMITTED


text:
This comprehensive guide explores the nuances of compliance, payment procedures, and recent regulatory changes in social insurance and housing fund contributions. In this article, we delve into the responsibilities of both employers and employees, introduce the crucial aspects of meeting regulatory requirements to ensure a smooth and lawful process for paying mandatory benefits.
Mandatory Employee Benefits in China: China's 5+1 System
The retirement age in China varies by gender and is typically set at 60 for men and 55 for female white-collar workers. These benefits primarily consist of the basic pension, which is funded through a combination of employer and employee contributions. The amount of the pension is determined by factors such as the individual's years of service and average wage. To ensure a secure retirement, understanding the intricacies of China's retirement benefits, contribution rates, and eligibility criteria is essential for both employees and employers, as this plays a pivotal role in long-term financial planning and retirement security.
Medical Insurance in China
China's healthcare system has undergone significant reforms to provide accessible and affordable medical services to its residents. These benefits encompass basic medical insurance, which covers a range of healthcare services, including hospitalization, outpatient care, and prescription medications. The medical insurance program is funded through contributions from both employers and employees, ensuring access to medical care when needed. Understanding the eligibility criteria, coverage, and contribution rates is crucial for individuals and employers, as it supports overall health and well-being while navigating China's evolving healthcare landscape.
Unemployment Insurance in China
Unemployment benefits in China serve as a safety net for individuals facing job loss or involuntary unemployment. The country's social security system offers unemployment insurance, providing financial support during periods of joblessness. Eligibility typically requires a minimum period of prior employment and the payment of insurance contributions. Benefits are calculated based on the individual's previous earnings and can provide temporary financial relief. This system not only aids individuals in maintaining their livelihood but also contributes to overall economic stability by preventing severe financial crises during periods of job market volatility. Understanding the provisions and requirements of unemployment benefits is crucial for both employees and employers in China.
Work-Injury Insurance in China
Work-related injury insurance is designed to provide support to employees who suffer work-related injuries or disabilities. When an employee is injured on the job or becomes disabled due to occupational factors, they are entitled to compensation, medical treatment, and rehabilitation services. The benefits aim to alleviate financial burdens and assist in rehabilitation, ultimately allowing individuals to reintegrate into the workforce. Employers are responsible for funding these benefits through insurance contributions. Understanding the process, eligibility criteria, and the available support for those affected by work-related injuries or disabilities is crucial for both employees and employers in China.
Chinese labor laws offer comprehensive maternity leave, allowing women to take time off work with full pay for a designated period before and after childbirth. The duration of leave varies depending on the specific region, and employers are typically responsible for covering these costs. In addition to paid leave, expectant mothers receive medical care and other maternity-related services, ensuring both the health of the mother and the child. Understanding these benefits is vital for both employees and employers in China, as they contribute to a healthy work-life balance and the well-being of families.
Housing provident fund
This is a sum of money linked to the house, which can be used to borrow money to buy a house, rent a house, renovate, etc., among which the provident fund loan can be said to be the loan with the lowest interest rate you can enjoy. So far, it is mainly concentrated in third- and fourth-tier cities, and there are still some companies that have not paid "five insurances and one housing fund" according to the regulations.
What employee benefits are optional in China?
In China, while mandatory benefits like social insurance and housing fund contributions are legally required, there are various optional employee benefits that employers may choose to provide to attract and retain talent. These voluntary benefits can enhance job satisfaction, boost morale, and improve employee retention. Some common optional benefits in China include:
Supplementary Health Insurance: Employers can offer additional health insurance coverage that goes beyond the basic medical insurance provided under the social security system. This can include coverage for dental care, vision, and other healthcare needs.
Flexible Working Arrangements: Employers can provide flexibility in work hours, remote work options, or compressed workweeks to promote work-life balance.
Meal and Transportation Allowances: Some companies offer meal allowances or subsidies for employees who commute to work, especially in larger cities with high living costs.
Wellness Programs: Employers may introduce wellness programs, fitness memberships, or stress management initiatives to support employees' physical and mental well-being.
Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs): EAPs offer counseling and support for employees dealing with personal or work-related issues, enhancing their emotional and mental health.
Education and Training: Providing opportunities for further education, skill development, or language courses can be an attractive benefit.
Childcare Support: Some employers offer assistance with childcare expenses, such as on-site daycare facilities or subsidies.
Retirement Benefits: While retirement benefits are mandatory, some companies offer additional contributions or retirement planning assistance to help employees secure their financial future.
Employee Recognition and Rewards: Recognition programs, bonuses, or incentives for outstanding performance can boost motivation and loyalty among employees.
These optional benefits can vary widely depending on the industry, company size, and location in China. Employers often tailor their benefit packages to meet the specific needs and preferences of their workforce, contributing to a more competitive and attractive work environment.
Who is Responsible for Paying Mandatory Benefits?
The amount of five insurances and one housing fund = the basic payment × the proportion of payment
The contribution base is your average monthly salary in the previous year, and the upper limit cannot exceed 3 times the local average monthly salary of the previous year, and the lower limit cannot be less than 60% of the local average monthly salary of the previous year.
Contribution rates vary from place to place, but are generally as follows:
Employers in China have several important obligations to fulfill to ensure compliance with labor laws and regulations, as well as to maintain a harmonious work environment. These obligations are aimed at safeguarding the rights and well-being of employees. Some key employer responsibilities include:
Social Insurance and Housing Fund Contributions: Employers must withhold and contribute the required amounts to social insurance programs (e.g., pension, medical, unemployment, work-related injury, maternity) and the housing fund. Accurate and timely payments are crucial to avoid legal penalties.
Work Safety and Health: Employers must provide a safe and healthy working environment, including necessary safety equipment, training, and measures to prevent accidents or occupational illnesses.
Working Hour Regulations: Employers are responsible for adhering to labor laws regarding maximum working hours, rest days, and overtime compensation.
Non-Discrimination and Equal Pay: Employers must ensure fair treatment and equal pay for all employees, irrespective of gender, age, race, or other factors.
Maternity and Parental Leave: Employers are responsible for granting maternity leave and accommodating parental leave for employees who become parents, while providing job security during these periods.
Record-Keeping and Reporting: Employers should maintain accurate records of employee data, payroll, and benefits, and submit required reports to government authorities.
Fulfilling these obligations is crucial to prevent legal consequences and create a positive workplace environment where employees feel their rights and well-being are respected and protected. Employers should stay informed about evolving labor laws to ensure ongoing compliance.
Employees in China also have essential responsibilities that contribute to a productive and cooperative work environment. Firstly, they are obligated to uphold their employment contract and follow workplace rules and regulations. This includes adhering to working hours, completing tasks as assigned, and maintaining a respectful and professional attitude towards colleagues and superiors. Employees are also responsible for safeguarding company resources, including equipment, materials, and confidential information.
Secondly, employees must comply with safety guidelines and report any unsafe conditions or incidents to their employer. This helps maintain a secure and healthy workplace for themselves and their coworkers. Additionally, employees are required to participate in training and skill development programs as mandated by their employer to enhance their job performance and contribute to the overall success of the organization.
Finally, during times of illness or other unavoidable circumstances, employees are responsible for promptly informing their employer and providing necessary documentation for sick leave or other forms of leave. By fulfilling these responsibilities, employees not only ensure their own professional success but also contribute to a harmonious and efficient work environment in compliance with labor laws and company policies.
Documentation and Reporting
Employers must maintain accurate records of employee information, payroll, and benefits. This documentation includes employment contracts, employee profiles, work hours, salary details, and records of social insurance and housing fund contributions. Accurate and up-to-date records are essential for demonstrating compliance with labor laws and ensuring transparency in the employment relationship. These records also serve as a foundation for resolving disputes or addressing employee grievances.
Effective reporting is equally important. Employers must submit required reports to government authorities, such as social insurance and housing fund contributions, income tax withholdings, and labor contract filings. Timely and accurate reporting is not only a legal obligation but also crucial for avoiding fines and penalties. Additionally, when dealing with workplace incidents, employers should promptly investigate and report any work-related injuries, accidents, or violations of labor regulations. Ensuring thorough documentation and reporting practices helps protect the interests of both employers and employees while upholding the rule of law in the workplace.
Penalties for Non-compliance
Non-compliance can result in financial penalties, legal disputes, and damage to a company's reputation. Employers failing to fulfill their obligations, such as withholding and contributing to social insurance and the housing fund, may face fines ranging from a percentage of the underpaid amount to several times that amount. Persistent non-compliance can lead to the suspension of business


text:
About arm attacks
Arm attacks are those that use the hand, wrist, forearm, or elbow as the striking surface. The primary arm attack is the punch.
A punch is a simple thing, even babies punch when upset. When a person is angered, a punch is usually the first physical thing that happens, usually directed at something or someone. Usually, the punching hand is injured as much as that which was struck, sometimes more. Punching may be highly effective if done properly. Some Taekwondo organizations, such as the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF), want to separate Taekwondo from its karate roots so they stress kicks and practically neglect the punches that are stressed in karate. However, to be a well-rounded fighter, you must be proficient with both your arms and legs.


text:
Skip to Main Content
Ability to detect and to isolate faults which may affect the system depends essentially on instrumentation architecture. This is why, before designing an industrial supervision system, determination of monitoring ability based on technical specifications is important. Used methods in the consulted literature are based on a model given as a set of collected data in different modes (faulty and normal) or under complex differential equations. In the present paper it will be shown how the behavioral, structural and causal properties of the bond graph model can be used for monitoring ability analysis (which part of the system is over, just or under constrained) with no need of calculation. The developed method is applied to the designing a real time monitoring of an electromechanical system.


text:
When you have an identified dynamic model that describes some aspect of system behavior, you can use that model to forecast future behavior. You can identify such a dynamic model from system data. Or, if you have system data that represents the operation of your machines with time or usage, you can extract condition indicators from that data and track the behavior of the condition indicators with time or usage. You can then identify a model that describes the behavior of the condition indicator, and use that model to predict future values of a condition indicator. If you know, for example, that your system needs repair when some condition indicator exceeds some threshold, you can identify a model of the time evolution of that condition indicator. You can then propagate the model forward in time to determine how long it will be before the condition indicator reaches the threshold value.
Some functions you can use for identification of dynamic models include:
ssest — Estimate a state-space model from
time-domain input-output data or frequency-response data.
nlarx — Model nonlinear behavior using dynamic
nonlinearity estimators such as wavelet networks, tree-partitioning, and sigmoid
You can use functions like
forecast to predict the future behavior of the
identified model. The example
Condition Monitoring and Prognostics Using Vibration Signals uses this approach to
RUL estimation with state estimators such as
works in a similar way. You perform state estimation on some time-varying data, and predict
future state values to determine the time until some state value associated with failure


Clients may not wish to inform everyone in a room that they are typing and instead only specific users in the room.
13.5 Receipts
This module adds in support for receipts. These receipts are a form of acknowledgement of an event. This module defines a single acknowledgement: m.read which indicates that the user has read up to a given event.
Sending a receipt for each event can result in sending large amounts of traffic to a homeserver. To prevent this from becoming a problem, receipts are implemented using "up to" markers. This marker indicates that the acknowledgement applies to all events "up to and including" the event specified. For example, marking an event as "read" would indicate that the user had read all events up to the referenced event. See the Receiving notifications section for more information on how read receipts affect notification counts.
13.5.1 Events
Each user_id, receipt_type pair must be associated with only a single event_id.
13.5.1.1 m.receipt
Informs the client of new receipts.
Content Key Type Description
$EVENT_ID Receipts The mapping of event ID to a collection of receipts for this event ID. The event ID is the ID of the event being acknowledged and not an ID for the receipt itself.
Receipts
Receipts Key Type Description
m.read Users A collection of users who have sent m.read receipts for this event.
Users
Users Key Type Description
$USER_ID Receipt The mapping of user ID to receipt. The user ID is the entity who sent this receipt.
Receipt
Receipt Key Type Description
ts number The timestamp the receipt was sent at.
Example:
{
 "content": {
 "$1435641916114394fHBLK:matrix.org": {
 "m.read": {
 "@rikj:jki.re": {
 "ts": 1436451550453
 }
 }
 }
 },
 "room_id": "!jEsUZKDJdhlrceRyVU:example.org",
 "type": "m.receipt"
}
13.5.2 Client behaviour
In /sync, receipts are listed under the ephemeral array of events for a given room. New receipts that come down the event streams are deltas which update existing mappings. Clients should replace older receipt acknowledgements based on user_id and receipt_type pairs. For example:
Client receives m.receipt:
 user = @alice:example.com
 receipt_type = m.read
 event_id = $aaa:example.com
Client receives another m.receipt:
 user = @alice:example.com
 receipt_type = m.read
 event_id = $bbb:example.com
The client should replace the older acknowledgement for $aaa:example.com with
this one for $bbb:example.com
Clients should send read receipts when there is some certainty that the event in question has been displayed to the user. Simply receiving an event does not provide enough certainty that the user has seen the event. The user SHOULD need to take some action such as viewing the room that the event was sent to or dismissing a notification in order for the event to count as "read". Clients SHOULD NOT send read receipts for events sent by their own user.
A client can update the markers for its user by interacting with the following HTTP APIs.
13.5.2.1 POST /_matrix/client/r0/rooms/{roomId}/receipt/{receiptType}/{eventId}
This API updates the marker for the given receipt type to the event ID specified.
Rate-limited:Yes.
Requires auth:Yes.
Request format:
Parameter Type Description
path parameters
roomId string Required. The room in which to send the event.
receiptType enum Required. The type of receipt to send. One of: ["m.read"]
eventId string Required. The event ID to acknowledge up to.
Example request:
POST /_matrix/client/r0/rooms/%21wefuh21ffskfuh345%_URL_.read/%241924376522eioj%3Aexample.com HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/json
{}
Responses:
Status code 200:
The receipt was sent.
Example
{}
Status code 429:
This request was rate-limited.
Example
{
 "errcode": "M_LIMIT_EXCEEDED",
 "error": "Too many requests",
 "retry_after_ms": 2000
}
13.5.3 Server behaviour
For efficiency, receipts SHOULD be batched into one event per room before delivering them to clients.
Receipts are sent across federation as EDUs with type m.receipt. The format of the EDUs are:
{
 <room_id>: {
 <receipt_type>: {
 <user_id>: { <content> }
 },
 ...
 },
 ...
}
These are always sent as deltas to previously sent receipts. Currently only a single <receipt_type> should be used: m.read.
13.5.4 Security considerations
As receipts are sent outside the context of the event graph, there are no integrity checks performed on the contents of m.receipt events.
13.6 Fully read markers
The history for a given room may be split into three sections: messages the user has read (or indicated they aren't interested in them), messages the user might have read some but not others, and messages the user hasn't seen yet. The "fully read marker" (also known as a "read marker") marks the last event of the first section, whereas the user's read receipt marks the last event of the second section.
13.6.1 Events
The user's fully read marker is kept as an event in the room's account data. The event may be read to determine the user's current fully read marker location in the room, and just like other account data events the event will be pushed down the event stream when updated.
The fully read marker is kept under an m.fully_read event. If the event does not exist on the user's account data, the fully read marker should be considered to be the user's read receipt location.
13.6.1.1 m.fully_read
The current location of the user's read marker in a room. This event appears in the user's room account data for the room the marker is applicable for.
Content Key Type Description
event_id string Required. The event the user's read marker is located at in the room.
Example:
{
 "content": {
 "event_id": "$someplace:example.org"
 },
 "room_id": "!somewhere:example.org",
 "type": "m.fully_read"
}
13.6.2 Client behaviour
The client cannot update fully read markers by directly modifying the m.fully_read account data event. Instead, the client must make use of the read markers API to change the values.
The read markers API can additionally update the user's read receipt (m.read) location in the same operation as setting the fully read marker location. This is because read receipts and read markers are commonly updated at the same time, and therefore the client might wish to save an extra HTTP call. Providing an m.read location performs the same task as a request to /receipts/m.read/$event:example.org.
13.6.2.1 POST /_matrix/client/r0/rooms/{roomId}/read_markers
Sets the position of the read marker for a given room, and optionally the read receipt's location.
Rate-limited:Yes.
Requires auth:Yes.
Request format:
Parameter Type Description
path parameters
roomId string Required. The room ID to set the read marker in for the user.
JSON body parameters
m.fully_read string Required. The event ID the read marker should be located at. The event MUST belong to the room.
m.read string The event ID to set the read receipt location at. This is equivalent to calling /receipt/m.read/$elsewhere:example.org and is provided here to save that extra call.
Example request:
POST /_matrix/client/r0/rooms/%21somewhere%_URL_ HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/json
{
 "m.fully_read": "$somewhere:example.org",
 "m.read": "$elsewhere:example.org"
}
Responses:
Status code 200:
The read marker, and read receipt if provided, have been updated.
Example
{}
Status code 429:
This request was rate-limited.
Example
{
 "errcode": "M_LIMIT_EXCEEDED",
 "error": "Too many requests",
 "retry_after_ms": 2000
}
13.6.3 Server behaviour
The server MUST prevent clients from setting m.fully_read directly in room account data. The server must additionally ensure that it treats the presence of m.read in the /read_markers request the same as how it would for a request to /receipts/m.read/$event:example.org.
Upon updating the m.fully_read event due to a request to /read_markers, the server MUST send the updated account data event through to the client via the event stream (eg: /sync), provided any applicable filters are also satisfied.
13.7 Presence
Each user has the concept of presence information. This encodes:
 - Whether the


Home > C/C++, Windows > Win32 API: Passing Socket with IPC method
Win32 API: Passing Socket with IPC method
Hi. In this post I talk to you how to correctly pass a socket created in a parent process to a child process in Microsoft 9x systems.
If you have ever written a multi-process concurrent server in a Unix environment, you may have noticed that the passage of the socket between parent and son processes takes place directly. That is, the child inherits the variables of his parent, also including the file descriptor associated with the socket.
An example of this is following:
 ...
 int fd_server, fd_client;
 int p_pid;
 fd_server = socket(...);
 ...
 fd_client = accept(...);
 ...
 p_pid = fork();
 switch(p_pid) {
 case 0:
 // we are in the child: we can use directly the client/server socket without any problem
 close(fd_server);
 send(fd, ... );
 ...
 ...
 }
In Microsoft systems, the procedure is little bit different (especially in 9x systems).
As we can read from the msdn documentation (link):
Under Windows NT and Windows 2000, socket handles are inheritable by default.
This feature is often used by a process that wants to spawn a child process and
have the child process interact with the remote application on the other end of
the connection.
It is also common practice on Windows NT to set the standard handles (standard
input, output, or error) of the child process to the socket handle. In such
cases, the child process usually does not know that its standard handles are
actually sockets.
Windows 9x differs from Windows NT/Windows 2000 in the following manner:
 - Socket handles are not inheritable when created. To ensure that a child process can obtain and use a socket handle created in the parent, the handle must be explicitly duplicated using the Win32 API DuplicateHandle. Set the bInheritHandle parameter of the API to TRUE.
 - Socket handles cannot be set to the standard handles of the child process. A programmer may use other mechanisms to pass the socket handle to the client, such as passing the handle values as command line arguments so that the child process can simply look at its argument vector.
So we have to duplicate the client socket in order to use it (in Windows 9x).
In the following source code, I'll show you how to create a new son process and how to pass the socket to it, so that it can manage independently the connection with the client.
int WindowsProcess(SOCKET sock_client) {
 BOOL ret = 0;
 HANDLE hPipe;
 DWORD dwBytes;
 PROCESS_INFORMATION piProc;
 STARTUPINFO siStartInfo;
 WSAPROTOCOL_INFO protInfo;
 OVERLAPPED ol = {0,0,0,0,NULL};
 /* I create a named pipe for communication with the spawned process */
 hPipe = CreateNamedPipe(
 PIPE_NAME, // pipe name
 PIPE_ACCESS_DUPLEX | // read/write access
 FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED,
 PIPE_TYPE_BYTE | // message type pipe
 PIPE_READMODE_BYTE | // message-read mode
 PIPE_WAIT, // blocking mode
 PIPE_UNLIMITED_INSTANCES, // max. instances
 BUFSIZE, // output buffer size
 BUFSIZE, // input buffer size
 PIPE_TIMEOUT_CONNECT, // client time-out
 NULL); // default security attribute
 if ( hPipe == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE ) {
 return -1;
 }
 GetStartupInfo(&siStartInfo);
 /* I create a new process calling the "test.exe" executable */
 ret = CreateProcess("test.exe", NULL,
 NULL, NULL, /* security attributes process/thread */
 TRUE, /* inherit handle */
 0, /* fdwCreate */
 NULL, /* lpvEnvironment */
 ".", /* lpszCurDir */
 &siStartInfo, /* lpsiStartInfo */
 &piProc);
 if ( ret == 0 ) {
 return -1;
 }
 /* I duplicate the socket */
 ret = WSADuplicateSocket(sock_client, piProc.dwProcessId, &protInfo);
 if ( ret == SOCKET_ERROR ) {
 return -1;
 }
 ol.hEvent = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
 /* I connect to the named pipe... */
 ret = ConnectNamedPipe(hPipe, &ol);
 if( ret == 0 ) {
 switch( GetLastError() ) {
 case ERROR_PIPE_CONNECTED:
 ret = TRUE;
 break;
 case ERROR_IO_PENDING:
 if( WaitForSingleObject(ol.hEvent, PIPE_TIMEOUT_CONNECT) == WAIT_OBJECT_0 ) {
 DWORD dwIgnore;
 ret = GetOverlappedResult(hPipe, &ol, &dwIgnore, FALSE);
 } else {
 CancelIo(hPipe);
 }
 break;
 }
 }
 CloseHandle(ol.hEvent);
 if( ret == 0 ) {
 return -1;
 }
 /* I write the socket descriptor to the named pipe */
 if ( WriteFile(hPipe, &sock_client, sizeof(sock_client), &dwBytes, NULL) == 0 ) {
 return -1;
 }
 /* I write the protocol information structure to the named pipe */
 if ( WriteFile(hPipe, &protInfo, sizeof(protInfo), &dwBytes, NULL) == 0 ) {
 return -1;
 }
 CloseHandle(hPipe);
 return 0;
}
Let me explain the code line by line:
– line 13: I create a new pipe through which we'll pass the duplicate socket;
– line 37: I create a new process by invoking the executable "test.exe". Among the parameters of the function, we note the "inherit handle = TRUE", that is the handle will be inheritable;
– line 53: I duplicate the socket through the WSADuplicateSocket() (link). The function parameters are: sock_client (the socket to duplicate), piProc.dwProcessId (process identifier of the target process in which the duplicated socket will be used.) and protInfo(a WSAPROTOCOL_INFO structure that contains the protocol informations);
– line 61 to 101: I have already explained this in the "Timeout on Named Pipes" post (link);
– line 105: I pass through the named pipe the client socket to the child process;
– line 113: I pass through the named pipe the protocol information structure which had been filled before in the WSADuplicateSocket() function.
Ok, now, only for completeness, I'll show you an example of child process' source code:
 SOCK sock_client;
 DWORD dwBytes, dwMode;
 HANDLE hPipe;
 WSAPROTOCOL_INFO protInfo;
 ...
while(1){
 /* I open in read mode the namedpipe created by the parent process */
 hPipe = CreateFile(
 PIPE_NAME, // pipe name
 GENERIC_READ | // read and write access
 GENERIC_WRITE,
 0, // no sharing
 NULL, // default security attributes
 OPEN_EXISTING, // opens existing pipe
 0, // default attributes
 NULL); // no template file
 if (hPipe != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
 break;
 }
 if ( GetLastError() != ERROR_PIPE_BUSY ) {
 ExitProcess(-1);
 }
 /* if all instances are busy I'll wait 10000 ms */
 if ( !WaitNamedPipe(PIPE_NAME, 10000) ) {
 ExitProcess(-1);
 }
 }
 /* I set the pipe in read mode */
 dwMode = PIPE_READMODE_BYTE;
 /* I update the pipe */
 SetNamedPipeHandleState(
 hPipe,
 &dwMode, // new mode
 NULL,
 NULL);
 /* I read the client socket sent me by the parent process */
 ReadFile(hPipe, &sock_client, sizeof(sock_client), &dwBytes, NULL);
 /* I read the protocol information structure sent me by the parent process */
 ReadFile(hPipe, &protInfo, sizeof(protInfo), &dwBytes, NULL);
 /* I create a new socket with the structure just read */
 sock_client = WSASocket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &protInfo, 0, WSA_FLAG_OVERLAPPED);
 if ( sock_client == INVALID_SOCKET ) {
 ExitProcess(-1);
 }
 // now you can use the socket as you want
 ...
Let me explain the code


smooth camera follow script
Git version control for Unity using Bitbucket and Sourcetree
Git version control for Unity
Welcome to this easy and quick tutorial how to set up Git version control for the unity game engine.
Using Bitbucket and SourceTree
Making things easy, we use Bitbucket for online repositorys and the sourcetree-app to do commits, pulls and pushes.
Make shure to watch the following video, where I teach everything about setting up version control.
After that, don't forget to set up your gitignore-file for SourceTree, check out the screenshot and description below.

Afterwards don't forget to include a "gitignore"-file in your project directory.
That way you can make shure that only the necessary files will be uploaded to the remote repository.
All the crap stuff like temp- and build-files etc. will be ignored.
You can create the file by creating a new textfile, using filename "gitignore.txt".
Copy and paste the following content into the file and save it:
# =============== #
# Unity generated #
# =============== #
[Tt]emp/
[Oo]bj/
[Bb]uild
[Ll]ibrary/
sysinfo.txt
# ===================================== #
# Visual Studio / MonoDevelop generated #
# ===================================== #
[Ee]xported[Oo]bj/
/*.userprefs
/*.csproj
/*.pidb
/*.suo
/*.sln*
/*.user
/*.unityproj
/*.booproj
# ============ #
# OS generated #
# ============ #
.DS_Store*
._*
.Spotlight-V100
.Trashes
Icon?
ehthumbs.db
[Tt]humbs.db

Than rename the file and delete the ".txt"-fileending. There you have your gitignore-file:

Since SourceTree uses its own gitignore-file, you have to tell SourceTree to use your gitignore-file.
SourceeTree -> Tools -> Options -> Git shows the git ignore file location it uses. You can also edit the file from a button in that dialog.

SourceTree set up gitignore file

4 comments
 1. Hi Tobi – I have played around with the .gitignore but there are some files in Library that won't ignore. Most of them are in the Library/Metada folder, but there are some other ones and it is ignoring most of the files in Library. Do you know why this might be happening? Thanks in advance!
 1. Hi Nahele,
 sorry for answering that late.
 If you talk about the .meta-files, they have to be included. Unity creates them for each asset, in order to identify the asset in the unity editor.
 If an asset loses its meta file (for example, if you moved or renamed the asset outside of Unity, without moving/renaming the corresponding .meta file), any reference to that asset will be broken.
 For more information you can read this official unity documentation:
 _URL_
 The Library folder should not be included in version control. Let me do some research, why it is included with this gitignore-file.
 According to the syntax of the file, the path "Library/" should be ignored.
 2. Hey there Nahele,
 here comes the solution: SourceTree uses its own gitignore file. The menu "SourceeTree -> Tools -> Options -> Git" shows the git ignore file location it uses.
 You can choose and edit your gitingnore-file from a button in that dialog.
 Here is a picture of that:
 SourceTree set up gitignore file
 However also important to know: git will continue to track any files that are already being tracked in your project.
 So you have to select the /Library/-files and select right mouse button -> stop tracking.
 After doing a commit, they are not tracked in the git-repository anymore.
 2. Thank you Tobi, your tutorial has been a great guide to setup the versioning of my Unity project.
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isContentEditable;
};
The contenteditable content attribute is an enumerated attribute whose keywords are the empty string, true, and false. The empty string and the true keyword map to the true state. The false keyword maps to the false state. In addition, there is a third state, the inherit state, which is the missing value default (and the invalid value default).
The true state indicates that the element is editable. The inherit state indicates that the element is editable if its parent is. The false state indicates that the element is not editable.
For example, consider a page that has a form and a textarea to publish a new article, where the user is expected to write the article using HTML:
<form method=POST>
 <fieldset>
 <legend>New article</legend>
 <textarea name=article><p>Hello world.</p></textarea>
 </fieldset>

<button>Publish</button>

</form>
When scripting is enabled, the textarea element could be replaced with a rich text control instead, using the contenteditable attribute:
<form method=POST>
 <fieldset>
 <legend>New article</legend>
 <textarea id=textarea name=article><p>Hello world.</p></textarea>

Hello world.

 </fieldset>

<button>Publish</button>

</form>
Features to enable, e.g., inserting links, can be implemented using the document.execCommand() API, or using Selection APIs and other DOM APIs. [EXECCOMMAND] [SELECTION] [DOM]
The contenteditable attribute can also be used to great effect:
<!doctype html>

<title>Live CSS editing!</title>

element . contentEditable [ = value ]
Returns "true", "false", or "inherit", based on the state of the contenteditable attribute.
Can be set, to change that state.
Throws a "SyntaxError" DOMException if the new value isn't one of those strings.
element . isContentEditable
Returns true if the element is editable; otherwise, returns false.
The contentEditable IDL attribute, on getting, must return the string "true" if the content attribute is set to the true state, "false" if the content attribute is set to the false state, and "inherit" otherwise. On setting, if the new value is an ASCII case-insensitive match for the string "inherit" then the content attribute must be removed, if the new value is an ASCII case-insensitive match for the string "true" then the content attribute must be set to the string "true", if the new value is an ASCII case-insensitive match for the string "false" then the content attribute must be set to the string "false", and otherwise the attribute setter must throw a "SyntaxError" DOMException.
The isContentEditable IDL attribute, on getting, must return true if the element is either an editing host or editable, and false otherwise.
6.6.2 Making entire documents editable: The designMode IDL attribute
Documents have a designMode, which can be either enabled or disabled.
document . designMode [ = value ]
Returns "on" if the document is editable, and "off" if it isn't.
Can be set, to change the document's current state. This focuses the document and resets the selection in that document.
The designMode IDL attribute on the Document object takes two values, "on" and "off". On setting, the new value must be compared in an ASCII case-insensitive manner to these two values; if it matches the "on" value, then designMode must be enabled, and if it matches the "off" value, then designMode must be disabled. Other values must be ignored.
On getting, if designMode is enabled, the IDL attribute must return the value "on"; otherwise it is disabled, and the attribute must return the value "off".
The last state set must persist until the document is destroyed or the state is changed. Initially, documents must have their designMode disabled.
When the designMode changes from being disabled to being enabled, the user agent must immediately reset the document's active range's start and end boundary points to be at the start of the Document and then run the focusing steps for the document element of the Document, if non-null.
6.6.3 Best practices for in-page editors
Authors are encouraged to set the 'white-space' property on editing hosts and on markup that was originally created through these editing mechanisms to the value 'pre-wrap'. Default HTML whitespace handling is not well suited to WYSIWYG editing, and line wrapping will not work correctly in some corner cases if 'white-space' is left at its default value.
As an example of problems that occur if the default 'normal' value is used instead, consider the case of the user typing "yellow␣␣ball", with two spaces (here represented by "␣") between the words. With the editing rules in place for the default value of 'white-space' ('normal'), the resulting markup will either consist of "yellow  ball" or "yellow  ball"; i.e., there will be a non-breaking space between the two words in addition to the regular space. This is necessary because the 'normal' value for 'white-space' requires adjacent regular spaces to be collapsed together.
In the former case, "yellow⍽" might wrap to the next line ("⍽" being used here to represent a non-breaking space) even though "yellow" alone might fit at the end of the line; in the latter case, "⍽ball", if wrapped to the start of the line, would have visible indentation from the non-breaking space.
When 'white-space' is set to 'pre-wrap', however, the editing rules will instead simply put two regular spaces between the words, and should the two words be split at the end of a line, the spaces would be neatly removed from the rendering.
6.6.4 Editing APIs
The definition of the terms active range, editing host, and editable, the user interface requirements of elements that are editing hosts or editable, the execCommand(), queryCommandEnabled(), queryCommandIndeterm(), queryCommandState(), queryCommandSupported(), and queryCommandValue() methods, text selections, and the delete the selection algorithm are defined in execCommand. [EXECCOMMAND]
6.6.5 Spelling and grammar checking
Support: spellcheck-attributeChrome for Android (limited) 55+Chrome 9+UC Browser for Android (limited) 11+iOS Safari (limited) 3.2+Firefox 2+Opera Mini (limited) all+IE 10+Samsung Internet (limited) 4+Android Browser (limited) 2.1+Safari 5.1+Edge 12+Opera 10.5+
Source: caniuse.com
User agents can support the checking of spelling and grammar of editable text, either in form controls (such as the value of textarea elements), or in elements in an editing host (e.g. using contenteditable).
For each element, user agents must establish a default behavior, either through defaults or through preferences expressed by the user. There are three possible default behaviors for each element:
true-by-default
The element will be checked for spelling and grammar if its contents are editable and spellchecking is not explicitly disabled through the spellcheck attribute.
false-by-default
The element will never be checked for spelling and grammar unless spellchecking is explicitly enabled through the spellcheck attribute.
inherit-by-default
The element's default behavior is the same as its parent element's. Elements that have no parent element cannot have this as their default behavior.
The spellcheck attribute is an enumerated attribute whose keywords are the empty string, true and false. The empty string and the true key


text:
By Justin Moyer
The Washington Post
— Defense Secretary Leon Panetta signed an order Thursday allowing women the same opportunities as men to serve in combat, including formerly off-limits assignments on attack submarines and in the Navy SEALs. Just two weeks before the announcement, researchers from San Diego's Naval Health Research Center published a study suggesting that some recent mothers deployed on the battlefield may be more prone to depression after seeing action.
"Women who deploy and report combat-associated exposures after childbirth are significantly more likely to screen positive for maternal depression than are women who did not deploy after childbirth," concluded the study, titled "Is Military Deployment a Risk Factor for Maternal Depression?" and appearing in the Journal of Women's Health. "It is also possible," the report noted, "that giving birth and leaving a young child, in addition to the experience of combat, contribute to postdeployment depression."
The study included eight co-authors, five of them associated with the Naval Health Research Center, a research and development laboratory within the Department of Defense. It was based on surveys of more than 1,600 women who "gave birth during active duty service."
Not all branches of the armed forces showed the same results. "Participants who served in the Army had an increased risk of maternal depression; Army service members tend to be deployed longer and more frequently than personnel serving in the Navy and Air Force," the study found.
Of course, you don't have to be a mom to experience depression on the front line. The report points out that "the increased rate of depression is primarily attributed to experiencing combat while deployed," not just to whether a solider is also a parent.


text:
A filtered category is a categorification of the concept of directed set. In addition to having an upper bound (but not necessarily a coproduct) for every pair of objects, there must also be an upper bound (but not necessarily a coequaliser) for every pair of parallel morphisms.
A category whose opposite is filtered is called cofiltered.
Equivalently, filtered categories can be characterized as those categories where, for every finite diagram, the diagonal functor is final. This point of view can be generalized to other kinds of categories whose colimits are well-behaved with respect to a type of limit, such as sifted categories.
This can be rephrased in more elementary terms by saying that:
Just as all finite colimits can be constructed from initial objects, binary coproducts, and coequalizers, so a cocone on any finite diagram can be constructed from these three.
In constructive mathematics, the elementary rephrasing above is equivalent to every Bishop-finite diagram admitting a cocone.
More generally, if is an infinite regular cardinal (or an arity class), then a -filtered category is one such that any diagram has a cocone where has arrows. The usual filtered categories are then the case. Note that a preorder is -filtered as a category just when it is -directed as a preorder.
Even more generally, if is a class of small categories, a category is called -filtered if -colimits commute with -limits in Set. When is the class of all -small categories for an infinite regular cardinal, then -filteredness is the same as -filteredness as defined above. See ABLR.
If is the class consisting of the terminal category and the empty category — which is to say, the class of -small categories when is the finite regular cardinal — then being -filtered in this sense is equivalent to being connected. Note that this is not what the explicit definition given above for infinite regular cardinals would specialize to by simply setting (that would be simply inhabitation).
Every category with a terminal object is filtered.
Every category which has finite colimits is filtered.
A product of filtered categories is filtered.


text:
The Xagenic AuRA™ technology is automated within a single-use disposable cartridge. The cartridge performs all of the needed manipulations on the patient specimen to produce a diagnostic result.
A patient's clinical specimen is introduced into the cartridge using Xagenic's proprietary specimen collection kit and tube that snaps into the cartridge. Following insertion of the cartridge into the Xagenic X1™ instrument, all processes are fully automated through reporting of final results.
By fully automating steps that are typically performed by a laboratory technician, the cartridge enables testing in settings where molecular methods might otherwise not be possible. The detection technology in the Xagenic cartridge is based on our patent-protected nanostructured sensors coupled with an electrocatalytic reporter system that produces amplified signals that enable highly sensitive detection of molecular analytes.
For a more detailed description of the AuRA™ technology, click here.