text:
Summary Shrimp is very nutritious. It is fairly low in calories and provides a high amount of protein and healthy fats, in addition to a variety of vitamins and minerals.
Why should you not eat shrimp?
The imported shellfish may contain banned antibiotics, salmonella, and even rat hair. Imported shrimp, more than any other seafood, has been found to be contaminated with banned chemicals, pesticides, and even cockroaches, and it skirts food-safety authorities only to wind up on your plate. …
What are the side effects of eating shrimp?
Shellfish Poisoning Symptoms
- Abdominal pain.
Is shrimp healthier cooked or raw?
Q: Is it better to buy raw shrimp or cooked shrimp? A: Generally, the flavor and texture of shrimp you cook yourself will be better, although many people like the precooked because it saves them time. … It's just not going to be as good as raw shrimp you cooked yourself."
Is it okay to eat shrimp every day?
Shrimps are known to cause high LDL cholesterol. … Not just that, shrimps also have a healthy amount of omega-3 fatty acids which is always advised to be included in every diet. So yes, you can eat shrimp whenever you want as long as you do moderate your intake. Eating too much of anything will cause you problems.
Is it safe to eat cooked shrimp?
When refrigerated, cooked shrimp can be safe to eat or consume within 3 to 4 days. However, you should refrigerate shrimp within two hours after cooking it. Cooked shrimp that has been exposed to temperatures of up to 90 degrees Fahrenheit or higher should be stored in the ref within an hour after cooking.
Is cooked shrimp safe to eat?
Our findings provided some cause for concern. In 16 percent of cooked, ready-to-eat shrimp, we found several bacteria, including vibrio and E. coli. Those bacteria can potentially cause illnesses such as food poisoning—which could include diarrhea and dehydration—and, in rare instances, can even prove fatal.
Is fish healthier than shrimp?
They're low in mercury — and calories — and high in protein. And they're popular: Shrimp accounts for about half of the seafood eaten in the U.S. The only drawbacks are that they're higher in cholesterol than most fish. They're also low in omega-3s.
Is shrimp bad for high blood pressure?
The healthy fats in shrimp, like omega-3 fatty acids, can lower your blood pressure and odds of getting heart disease and stroke.
How many carbs are in boiled shrimp?
Boiled Shrimp (1 oz, without shell, cooked) contains 0.3g total carbs, 0.3g net carbs, 0.6g fat, 7.4g protein, and 39 calories.
Is boiled shrimp good for weight loss?
Many have other health benefits as well due to their high content of omega-3s, vitamins, and minerals. Because these foods are so high in protein, they're also incredibly filling despite being low in calories. For this reason, they are among the most weight loss friendly foods you can eat.
What is the healthiest seafood?
5 of the Healthiest Fish to Eat
- Wild-Caught Alaskan Salmon (including canned) …
- Sardines, Pacific (wild-caught) …
- Rainbow Trout (and some types of Lake) …
- Herring. …
- Bluefin Tuna. …
- Orange Roughy. …
- Salmon (Atlantic, farmed in pens) …
- Mahi-Mahi (Costa Rica, Guatemala & Peru)
What happens if you eat a lot of shrimp?
One potential concern is the high amount of cholesterol in shrimp. Experts once held that eating too many foods high in cholesterol was bad for the heart. But modern research shows it's the saturated fat in your diet that raises cholesterol levels in your body, not necessarily the amount of cholesterol in your food.
Is shrimp high in mercury?
Five of the most commonly eaten fish that are low in mercury are shrimp, canned light tuna, salmon, pollock, and catfish. Another commonly eaten fish, albacore ("white") tuna has more mercury than canned light tuna.
How much shrimp should you eat per week?
Eat up to 12 ounces (two average meals) a week of a variety of fish and shellfish that are lower in mercury. Shrimp, canned light tuna, salmon, pollock, and catfish are low-mercury fish. Albacore ("white") tuna has more mercury than canned light tuna. So limit your intake of albacore tuna to once a week.


text:
A Molotov cocktail is the term for a simple incendiary weapon. It is also known as a petrol bomb, fire bomb, or benzine torch. They are relatively easy to make, and may be used by irregular paramilitary forces and rioters. These bombs are also used to commit arson (set fire to buildings).
Mechanism[change | change source]
A Molotov cocktail consists of a glass bottle partly filled with a flammable liquid. The liquid will typically be gasoline, alcohol, methanol or ethanol. The mouth of the bottle is closed with a cork or other type of tight sealing made of rubber, glass, or plastic, and a cloth rag is fixed securely around the mouth. The weapon is used by first soaking the rag in a flammable liquid immediately before using it, lighting the rag, and throwing the bottle at the target. The bottle breaks when it lands, spilling the flammable liquid over the target, which is then ignited by the burning rag.
Many substances may be added to the basic Molotov cocktail to enhance its use as a weapon. These include:
- Substances that will ignite by themselves when hitting the target, for example White phosphorus
- Substances that will help the liquid stick to the target, for example tar
- Acid will help the penetration of non-flammable surfaces
- Substances that will increase the explosive effect, for example gunpowder
Molotov cocktails are similar to napalm bombs in principle. Napalm was originally made by combining flammable naphthalene and petrol with a thickening agent palmitic acid. The latter two are the main ingredients of Molotov cocktails. When gasoline is used as the main ingredient, motor oil is commonly added to help the gasoline cling to the target.
Where the name is from[change | change source]
During the early part of World War II, when Finland refused to surrender some land to the Soviet Union, the Soviets invaded. The poorly equipped and heavily-outnumbered Finnish Army faced Red Army tanks in what came to be known as the Winter War. The army borrowed an improvised incendiary device from the 1936–39 Spanish Civil War. In that conflict, the Spanish Nationalists under the orders of General Francisco Franco had used the weapon against Soviet T-26 tanks. Those tanks helped the Spanish Republicans in a failed 1936 Soviet assault near Toledo, 30 km from Madrid.
When Molotov claimed in radio broadcasts that the Soviet Union was not dropping bombs but rather delivering food to the starving Finns, the Finns started to call the air bombs satirically "Molotov bread baskets". Soon they responded by saluting the advancing tanks with "Molotov cocktails." At first the term was used to describe only the burning mixture itself, but the term was soon applied to the combination of both the bottle and its contents. This Finnish use of the handor sling-thrown explosive against Soviet tanks was repeated in the subsequent Continuation War. Molotov cocktails were eventually mass-produced by the Finnish military, bundled with matches to light them.
These weapons saw widespread use by all sides in World War II. They were very effective against light tanks, and very bad for enemy morale. The following is a first-hand description of their effects, written during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943:
- The well-aimed bottles hit the tank. The flames spread quickly. The blast of the explosion is heard. The machine stands motionless. The crew is burned alive. The other two tanks turn around and withdraw. The Germans who took cover behind them withdraw in panic. We take leave of them with a few well-aimed shots and grenades.
During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, members of the Israeli Kibbutz Degania managed to stop a Syrian tank assault by using Molotov cocktails. They were frequently used against Soviet tanks with great efficiency in the Hungarian Revolution of 1956.
The weapon has been used against tanks effectively because of the conformation of parts of tanks, particularly around the undersides and fuel tank "entrances". A Molotov cocktail could blow up the fuel tank, destroying the machine, particularly for older (before 1940) tank models. Molotov cocktails are much more effective against gasoline engines than diesel engines' tanks. This is because diesel has a high flashpoint of 64 °C – making it more difficult to ignite compared to petrol. Some Soviet tanks actually had an entry to the gas tank on the side of the vehicle, which could be opened by combatants in close quarters, letting out the highly flammable liquid and making destruction of the tank even easier. Note that these tactics were only effective due to the advantage guerrillas had in close quarters; tanks can barely maneuver in such conditions and are not able to counter quick-moving enemies armed with incendiary bombs.
Petrol bombs were widely used throughout the Troubles in Northern Ireland in riot situations, directed towards the RUC or the British Army. As well as occasional situations where they continue to be used against the PSNI and army, they are frequently used in sectarian attacks on homes and businesses by both communities. Fireworks and homemade grenades, known as blast bombs now commonly accompany petrol bomb attacks on the security forces.
Legal concerns[change | change source]
As such things can cause a lot of damage, and actually kill people, it is illegal in most countries to make or possess them. When they are used against property, this usually counts as arson. When they are used against people, the charges range from manslaughter to murder.
Given the recent terrorism laws, such things could also fall under anti-terror legislation.
Recent use[change | change source]
In Sydney, during the Cronulla Riots, rioters carrying Molotov cocktails were apprehended when they carried open bottles in a bus. The resulting smell of petrol alerted the driver, who in turn alerted the police.
During the Columbine High School massacre, the two gunmen built and threw several Molotov cocktails; however, none of them exploded. It is presumed that this was due to bottles being overfilled.
References[change | change source]
- Thomas, Hugh 1994. The Spanish Civil War. Simon & Schuster, p. 468. ISBN 0-671-75876-4
Other websites[change | change source]
- José Luiz. "La Unidad Italiana de Carros-Artillería, los T-26 Soviéticos y la Batalla de Seseña". _URL_ Retrieved 2005.
- La Unidad Italiana de Carros-Artillería, los T-26 Soviéticos y la Batalla de Seseña
- Eyewitness reporting for the Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa|Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa (Jewish Fighting Organization), 1943-04-19

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


uitvinding van de eeuw
The invention of the century
Wed, 06 Feb 2019 min reading
Thanks to shipping containers, we can drink affordable Argentine Cabernet Sauvignon and order cheap phone cases from China. And when containers are discarded? They get a second life as food trucks, bridges or flagship stores. No wonder there are currently 20 million containers in circulation. These 5 facts prove that the container can rightly be called the invention of the twentieth century!
1. Malcolm McLean was the biggest inventor of the 20th century
Malcolm McLean can easily be mentioned in the same breath as Thomas Edison, Alexander Bell and Nikola Tesla. In 1956, McLean, who was an American, invented the shipping container. Ports were hugely clogged up at the time as goods came in all kinds of shapes and sizes. As a result, it could take days for a ship to leave port.
McLean's solution: a giant metal box that always has the same sizes and features. In other words, the shipping container. They can be stacked and picked up or transported by all cranes, ships, trains and trucks.
The result? A huge boost to world trade. Even bigger than all the trade agreements of the past 50 years, according to The Economist. That's why we, and many others, believe that the container is the invention of the twentieth century.
2. A thousand oranges sent more cheaply than a letter
Transport by container is incredibly cheap. For example, sending a letter to Thailand is more expensive than shipping a thousand oranges to the country. This is partly because a container can hold a huge amount of goods – for example, 18,000 bottles of Cabernet Sauvignon or 8,000 shoe boxes – and the largest seagoing vessels can carry more than 20,000 containers.
The world's largest container ship, the OOCL Hong Kong, even holds 21,413 containers. More steel was required to build this 400-metre long ship than for eight Eiffel Towers. Nice piece of shipbuilding, right?
3. Airy cargo
The most commonly transported item in containers? Unfortunately, it's air. Approximately one third of all containers are transported empty. Marginal loads such as waste paper are often put in to fill the gap.
4. You can build with – and on – containers
Think out of the box by moving into one! Containers make ideal building blocks for houses. Container houses, for example, are environmentally friendly, can be built faster than regular houses and are relatively inexpensive (just take a look at the container prices in our webshop). In addition, they are stackable, durable, customisable and easy to move.
There is even a word for architecture based on containers: cargotecture. And this can produce amazing buildings, such as Barneveld Noord station which is made of eight shipping containers.
5. A second life
With any luck, a container will experience twenty glorious years on a ship, train or truck. Every year, some 800,000 containers are retired. They will end up on the scrap heap, melted down or creatively reused. For example, they are being used to create food trucks, giant bridges or tower-high flagship stores.
Ready for your shipping container? Visit our webshop. Need a container temporarily? If so, renting a container would be a good solution. Will you go for a brand-new container, or adopt a used one?
Want to buy a container?
Go to the webshop


text:
The UMobile ATEP Learning Over Time Policy spells out that a student must first be taught a proficiency in a didactic class and practice in the laboratory component of that class before he/she can practice or apply that proficiency in a clinical setting under the direct supervision of the clinical supervisor (Preceptor). The UMobile ATEP Policy and Procedures Manual lists which proficiencies are taught in which course, and in which course they are to be practiced and evaluated. Additionally, all Preceptors receive a biweekly electronic newsletter that updates them on what the athletic training students are covering in class during that period. A final fail-safe mechanism to assure the Learning Over Time and appropriate learning level concepts is the site visit conducted at least twice each semester to the clinical sites by the Program Director or Clinical Coordinator. During these visits, clinical expectations and progress on proficiencies is a required topic of discussion and, if not in line with Program expectations, the issue will be addressed and solved at that time.
In accordance with the University of Mobile Athletic Training Education Program's commitment to Learning Over Time, a pre-professional student or an athletic training student will be evaluated numerous times through various methods until the Program Director, Clinical Coordinator, Preceptor certifiy that the athletic training student has met the criteria listed above. The athletic training student shall have the right to challenge any evaluation by notifying the Director of the Athletic Training Education Program in writing. The Program Director will then assign another Preceptor to repeat the evaluation. The general progression of a student's learning process involves teaching the material in the class, clinical courses, integrating the material into practical experiences at each designated site and, finally, the ability to apply all information learned into a concise evaluation. It is the goal of the University of Mobile ATEP to provide endless learning opportunities for students to become proficient in the skills needed to be a competent certified athletic trainer.
Clinical Education Component
The clinical component allows a hands-on approach to understand these concepts and skills and follows a natural course of learning. For example, HPE 225 Lower Body Intensive teaches components of every aspect of the ankle, knee, and hip. Students learn to demonstrate range of motion exercises, bony landmarks, manual muscle testing, goniometry, special tests, and functional drills to return to activity. In the HPE 325 course students learn the contraindications, indications, and protocols for modalities that are designed to facilitate healing. The ATS learns what each athlete will feel in regards to the modalities they prescribe and what they should expect with each treatment setting. The purpose of every clinical class is to provide each student with a safe and productive environment for learning outside the rigors of the real world. These clinical courses also have written assignments that are due throughout the semester as a means to further measure the student's progression of learning. These written assignments allow the instructor to continually add material into the course without worrying about not getting all the information to the student within such a short time frame. The students will practice skills numerous times throughout the semester, but must master the competencies prior to completing the course.


text:
In Celebrate Philippians, Pastor Keith Loy walks you step by step through the life-transforming teaching of this crucial letter.
-12 video teaching sessions
-Relevant Bible teaching and application
-Study guide for individual or small group use (available separately)
Need help selecting the appropriate Curriculum Resource?Be sure to check out our Curriculum Finder to help you find the right resources for your group.


Downloading the Recovery Package
You must download an updated copy of the Recovery Package file before and after making grid topology changes to the StorageGRID Webscale system and before and after upgrading the software. The Recovery Package file allows you to restore the system if a failure occurs.
Before you begin
 1. Select Maintenance > Recovery Package.
 2. Enter the provisioning passphrase, and click Start Download.
 The download starts immediately.
 3. When the download completes:
 1. Open the.zip file.
 3. Extract the inner.zip file.
 4. Confirm you can open the Passwords.txt file.


Electret microphone amplifier
Home / Electret microphone amplifier

This project shows how to set up an electret microphone amplifier and let it control RGB LEDs.
The RGB Lamp
The built of the RGB lamp can be found on the corresponding electromaker page.
Amplification
The circuit used in this project uses the dual op amp chip LM358 and a cheap electret capsule. Both op amp are utilized along two potentiometers and a few other passive components.
The signal is received from the microphone capsule using a 10kΩ resistor between the collector pin (+) and Vcc (3.3V/5V). The pin can be identified since the emitter pin (-) is connected to the outer shell of the capsule.
The Vcc voltage between the resistor and the capsule is affected by the sound. The voltage amplitude is very low (~20mV) and has a DC offset of around 0.8V. Since the voltage and current is very low a buffer stage is used to amplify the current and avoid noise.
After that we get rid of the uncontrolled DC offset using a 100nF capacitor resulting in a AC voltage that is centered around 0V.
A high Ohms value (100kΩ and higher) trimmer or potientiometer is used a voltage divider to shift the AC signal to a level where the complete signal ends up in the positive voltage range.
This controlled DC signal is then amplified using a simple non inverting voltage amplifier using the second op amp and a potentiometer. The poti is used to divide the output voltage and use it as feed back. The op amp tries to equalize the feedback signal to the input signal to the resulting voltage will be amplified.
Code
The output of the amplifier is connected to the A0 pin of the microcontroller. A simple test sketch can be used to display the values read from the microphone in the Arduino plotter.
void setup()
{
 Serial.begin(115200);
}
void loop()
{
 delayMicroseconds(1000);
 Serial.println(analogRead(A0));
}
The baud rate has to be set to 115200 in the plotter.
The complete project code can be found in the repository
_URL_
To be continued…


text:
Von hier aus noch viel weiter: the Magdeburg Hubbrücke
The turbulent tale of a disused railway bridge at the center of a war for art
Magdeburg is to Berlin what Rotterdam is to Amsterdam: the older cooler brother who gets overlooked far too often. Much how I regret paying Rotterdam just one visit, it irks me to think I was in Berlin and Braunschweig for so long when Magdeburg was so close by. It's where I discovered the German toilet shelf and, also like Rotterdam, it's home to a bridge that holds a special place in my heart.
Say hallo to the stunning Hubbrücke ('lift bridge') of Magdeburg, spanning across the Elbe river. Built in 1846, blown up in 1945, restored in 1946, railway route closed in 1998, and locked in a raised state in 2001.
Stairs between the lower parts and the raised section were installed in 2002, allowing pedestrians to cross, but when the neighboring Sternbrücke ('star bridge') reopened in 2005, the stairs were removed and the hero of our story — the humble Hubbrücke — was closed once again.
Magdeburg's Hubbrücke had started to evolve into something bigger than a bridge, however, gradually gaining popularity as a public space where you'd regularly find people hanging out and playing music or creating street art. In 2002, the Elbe flooded something awful, and became the center of attention of the city. Annegret Laabs, a director at the nearby Kloster Unser Lieben Frauen art museum, was inspired.
She invited ten sculptors to create works inspired by the Europe-traversing river, including Italian light artist Maurizio Nannucci, who, in 2008, used Venetian-made Murano glass to create a vibrant lettering installation affixed to the sides of the Hubbrücke. 'Von so weit her bis hierhin' ('from so far, to here') on one side, and 'von hier aus noch viel weiter' ('from here, so much further') on the other. A nod to those venturing down the Elbe.
But it wasn't quite that easy. After Annegret first invited Nannucci to Magdeburg and strolled beside the river with him, she heard nothing for a few months. When Nannucci eventually got in touch to share his idea for the Hubbrücke installation, Annegret was nervous bureaucracy would stand in the way. Sure enough, the shipping office in Koblenz killed the project, saying the bright letters would clash with cargo lane signals.
Then came along the Magdeburg Maritime Administration, who were like, "yo my dudes, how about we ask the skippers and sailors what they think instead of leaving the decision-making up to some tight-arsed fuck in an office on the other side of Germany?" (or something to that effect) and people nodded and agreed.
A nighttime test followed, during which one heroic skipper uttered the words which would change the course of history (and it's an actual direct quote this time):
"Man, that's great. It's going to make this part of the river special, and our colleagues — from the Czech Republic to Hamburg — will talk of how this epithet conquers the river."
Nannucci's idea was realized. At sundown, the letters ignite, firing plumes of bright blues and reds into the shimmering reflections of the Elbe water. The Hubbrücke becomes more than a bridge. It becomes something for skippers to tell their families about when they get home.
More ugly news rears its head in 2012 when a bunch of NIMBY assholes begin vandalizing the piece. They start by yanking the cables out to power the letters down, but quickly escalate to smashing the glass tubes outright
Backups are installed, but promptly destroyed. The Venetian glass is incredibly expensive, and it looks like the end of the road for Nannucci's lettering.
Annegret, the museum, and Magdeburg's thriving arts scene were having none of it, swiftly pooling together donations totalling €10,000 to order replacement glass and get the illuminations back in place. Impressed by people's love for his project, Nannucci waives most of his fees and says:
"Now it is no longer my work of art — now, it belongs to Magdeburg."
How was the Hubbrücke itself getting along? Well, it was still closed in 2012. One of the reasons it became disused in the first place was because the train station its rails served — the Elbbahnhof — fell out of service. The hero of this next chapter in the bridge's story is investor Rolf Onnen, who bought the Elbbahnhof to turn the abandoned site into a residential location. Alas, the Elbbahnhof was a package deal that also came with the Hubbrücke. And so, our struggling Elbe crossing had a new owner.
Rolf, aware that Nannucci's light installation had prevailed thanks to a crowdfunding campaign led by publicly-financed art museum, turned to Magdeburg for help. He transferred ownership of the Hubbrücke to an association dedicated to the revival of the bridge and announced that anyone willing to donate time or money to its renovation would have their name engraved on one of the hundreds of wooden planks used for resurfacing the walkway.
1,100 planks were sold, raising €150,000. Artists got involved, selling one-off pieces depicting the Hubbrücke to boost the funds. Magdeburg's authorities provided support, too, helping manage employment contracts to assemble the workforce needed for the renovation.
In 2013, Magdeburg's Hubbrücke reopened to pedestrians, quickly reestablishing itself as an unspoken social space. Once again, people were sitting on the steps, talking, strumming guitars, painting pictures of the Elbe, taking long-exposure shots of boats passing beneath. From time to time, you'll see little stages being cobbled together for impromptu gigs, organized by local bands in Facebook groups. The Hubbrücke's history is, to this day, rooted in collaboration and expression. 'From here, so much further' indeed.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
click for more images
This is a two-man bivi tent complete with wooden poles, pegs, mullet and large kit bag. The tent has built in mosquito nets on each end.
This is a sealed British army dubbin tin.
This is a bakelite whistle in good working order and would have been carried by officers and NCO's. This example is maker marked "ACME".
A 1943 dated Canadian army water can retaining most of its original finish and stamped with the Canadian war department arrow. The base of the can is stamped with the makers mark G.S.W.
This is a 1943 dated Canadian army water can, retaining most of its original finish. The top of the can is marked with the Canadian war department arrow. The base IS stamped with the makers stamp G.S.W.
A standard MKVI water bottle which comes with a Canadian made skeleton type carrier which is dated 1942, maker marked "Z.L.&T.LTD". It is also stamped with the Canadian war department arrow.
A set of post-war made British army mess tins which are dated 1955. Ideal for living history.
This is a two-piece entrenching tool with a 37 pattern carrier which is maker marked "P.S.S" ( Princess Silk Shade ) and dated 1943. The E-tool is maker marked "Brades" and dated 1944. It is also named to the origial owner "Davidson R.F."
This is a good working example of a British army thermos which is dated 1943 and retains its original cock stopper.
A British army Thermos which is dated 1943 and has traces of the instructions on the body. This example is in good working order and has a replacement cock stopper.
website designed and maintained by Concept500


9
$\begingroup$
Logistic regression essentially means taking the logit of your response proportions, p, and then doing standard regression. Consider the case where one p is 1.
logit(1) = log(1/(1-1)) = infinity. How can you do regression with infinity?
That is, if one of your observed proportions p is 1, then you are trying to find the line that minimises the sum of squared differences from a set of points that include infinity. How does this not drive the regression line to always have infinite slope?
$\endgroup$
3
 - 11
 $\begingroup$ You have mischaracterized logistic regression: one does not take the logits of the data but instead models the data as outcomes of random variables whose parameters are expressed in terms of logits. For more information see inter alia the Wikipedia article on generalized linear models. $\endgroup$
 – whuber
 Sep 12, 2013 at 5:44
 - $\begingroup$ OK, thanks! I misunderstood how the link function is used, and thus misunderstood glms. I'll be looking for a more basic tutorial than what I see in wikipedia. $\endgroup$ Sep 12, 2013 at 6:16
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ I have offered an answer, Alex, to help bridge that gap. $\endgroup$
 – whuber
 Sep 12, 2013 at 16:03
3 Answers 3
11
$\begingroup$
The question characterizes logistic regression as
$$\text{logit}(y) = \beta_0 + \beta_1 x + \varepsilon$$
and proposes to fit this model using least squares. It points out that because $y$ is a binary ($0$-$1$) variable, $\text{logit}(y)$ is undefined (or should be considered infinite), which is--to say the least--problematic!
The resolution of this conundrum is to avoid taking the logit of $y$ but instead apply its inverse, the logistic function
$$f(x) = \frac{1}{1 + \exp(-x)},$$
to the right hand side. Because $y$ on the left hand side still is a random variable with possible outcomes $0$ and $1$, it must be a Bernoulli variable: that is, what we need to know about it is the chance that $y=1$, written $\Pr(y=1).$ Therefore we make another attempt in the form
$$\Pr(y=1) = f(\beta_0 + \beta_1 x).$$
This is an example of a generalized linear model. Its parameters $\beta_0$ and $\beta_1$ are typically (but not necessarily) found using Maximum Likelihood.
To understand this better, many people find it instructive to create synthetic datasets according to this model (instead of analyzing actual data, where the true model is unknown). We will look at how that might be coded in R, which is well suited to expressing and simulating statistical models. First, though, let's inspect its results.
Figure
The data are shown as jittered points (they have been randomly shifted slightly in the horizontal direction to resolve overlaps). The true underlying probability function is plotted in solid red. The probability function fit using Maximum Likliehood is plotted in dashed gray.
You can see that where the red curve is high--which means the chance of $y=1$ is high--most of the data are $1$'s, whereas where the red curve drops to low levels, most of the data are $0$'s. The height of the curve stipulates the chance that the response will be a $1$. In logistic regression, the curve usually has the sigmoidal shape of the logistic function, while the data are always either at $y=1$ or $y=0$.
Reading over the code, which is written for expressive clarity, will help make these descriptions precise.
#
# Synthesize some data.
#
set.seed(17) # Allows results to be reproduced exactly
n <- 8 # Number of distinct x values
k <- 4 # Number of independent obs's for each x
x <- rep(1:n, 4) # Independent values
beta <- c(3, -1) # True parameters
logistic <- function(x) 1 / (1 + exp(-x))
probability <- function(x, b) logistic(b[1] + b[2]*x)
y <- rbinom(n*k, size=1, prob=probability(x, beta)) # Simulated data
#
# Fit the data using a logistic regression.
#
summary(fit <- glm(y ~ x, family=binomial(link="logit")))
#
# Plot the data, the true underlying probability function, and the fitted one.
#
jitter <- runif(n*k, -1/3, 1/3) # Displaces points to resolve overlaps
plot(x+jitter, y, type="p", xlab="x", ylab="y", main="Data with true and fitted models")
curve(probability(x, beta), col="Red", lwd=2, add=TRUE)
curve(probability(x, coef(fit)), col="Gray", lwd=2, lty=2, add=TRUE)
$\endgroup$
3
 - $\begingroup$ I do not understand "Because y on the left hand side", which left hand side? There is above only a logit(y) and logit(1) or logit(0) is infininity. However in the shown plot there is only a range from 0 to 1. Still confusing, how the logit is regressed. $\endgroup$
 – user269684
 Dec 21, 2020 at 18:30
 - $\begingroup$ @granular the only equation preceding that remark has a left side and a right side. $\endgroup$
 – whuber
 Dec 21, 2020 at 18:46
 - $\begingroup$ Nothertheless, still do not understand the answer and a new posed question that is similar was deleted. And there is a bad equation style in commentaries. So we try to fulfill $1=\frac{1}{1+\text{exp}(-(\beta_0+\beta_1x))}$ if the dependent variable is 1 and $0=\frac{1}{1+\text{exp}(-(\beta_0+\beta_1x))}$ if the dependent variable is 0 for all corresponding independent variables? $\endgroup$
 – user269684
 Dec 21, 2020 at 19:02
0
$\begingroup$
The answer is that you do use the log odds ratio for the regression, but the equation for "p" instead which has values of 0 or 1 in the sample. The regression equation is estimated via iteratively reweighted least squares (IRLS).
The method can be found here Manually calculating logistic regression coefficient
$\endgroup$
-2
$\begingroup$
You got logistic regression kind of backwards (see whuber's comment on your question). True, the logit of 1 is infinity. But that's ok, because at no stage do you take the logit of the observed p's.
Consider standard regression, for simplicity using a single x variable:
y = b0 + b1*x
Logistic regression means that y is not interpreted as the response proportions (the p's), but rather as the logit of the response proportions. So let's say a p = 1. Because its logit is infinity, with finite b0 and b1, the logistic regression will never exactly predict it except asymptotically as x approaches infinity.
With the observed proportion of 1, the logistic regression for that x can however predict a very high probability (but again, never as high as 1), say .99. Then, the probability of observing a proportion of 1 for a limited number of trials can easily be large. So when logistic regression corresponds to maximizing the likelihood, the probability of that data point given the model can be high. So, a proportion of 1 need not be more influential (to "drive the regression to always have infinite slope") than any other proportion.
This is also true for other sigmoidal-link regression types such as probit.
$\endgroup$
4
 - 3
 $\begingroup$ @This seems unclear. Maximum-likelihood logistic regression certainly can give infinite odds ratio estimates & hence predicted probabilities of 1 or 0 - the phenomenon is called separation. $\endgroup$ Sep 12, 2013 at 8:42
 - $\begingroup$ It also seems that this answer misunderstands the question, which was about one response, not the whole set of responses. $\endgroup$
 – Peter Flom
 Sep 12, 2013 at 10:54
 - $\begingroup$ This answer starts well but by the second paragraph it makes exactly the same mistake about logistic regression as the OP. $


text:
This plugin calculates intensities (mean, min, max or sum) of the image that belongs to two materials of the opened model.
The results of the plugin may be seen on the screen of Microscopy Image Browser or saved as Excel spreadsheet.
- 1. Load images
- 2. Create a new model: press the Create button in the Segmentation Panel
- 3. Add material to the model: press the + button in the Segmentation Panel; select 1 in the Materials list, press the right mouse button and Rename it to Nucleus.
- 4. Select the Brush tool in the Selection type and draw nuclei of the cells
- 5. Make sure that the 1 is selected in the Add to list and press the A key button to add the drawn areas to the Nucleus material of the model.
- 6. Add another material to the model (the + button) and rename it to Cytoplasm.
- 7. With the Brush tool draw areas of the cytoplasm and add it to the 2 material.
- 8. Repeat 4., 5. and 7. for all slices of the opened dataset
- 9. Start NucleusVsCytoplams tool: Menu->Plugins->IntensityAnalysis->NucleusVsCytoplams
- 10. Select color channel and materials to analyze, define other parameters of the NucleusVsCytoplams tool and press the Continue buttton.
Note! Remember to save the model for future use!
- Color channel to analyze - a combo box that allows to define a color channel that will be analyzed.
- Calculate parameter - a combo box that allows to choose type of the intensity to analize (Mean, Minimal, Maximal, or Sum).
- Calculate ratio of - two comboboxes that allow to select ratio of which materials should be analyzed
- Plot ratio as histogram - the ratio between intensities will be displayed as a histogram.
- Save results in Excel format - check this to save results as Excel spreadsheet
- Filename to export - the... button and the edit box to specify the filename for the export
Part of the code written by Gunther Struyf was used when writing this function.


Female Hume
Originating from the Bastok region, Humes are the most common race and have spread to the farthest reaches of Vana'diel. They are characterized by their equally balanced abilities, moderate intelligence, and high level of skill in numerous areas. This combination of traits has played a large role in Bastok's growth into a prosperous nation of technology and industry.
The Industrious Humes
Humes, for the most part, could be considered Vanadiel's equivalent to humans. They are both a common and popular choice of characters among FFXI players. Part of the reason for this is because they are one of the most balanced races as far as stats are concerned. Humes could be considered a "Jack of all trades," in the sense that they are able to perform exceptionally well with any job they choose.
Hume population is primarily concentrated in Bastok, where they originated and continue to prosper.
History of the Term: Hume
The word "Hume" is a shortening of the English word Human.
Face Type Distribution
Face Type Distribution as of 5/08 Face Type Distribution as of 5/08
See Also


text:
"Inspect this code. Here we're creating a new OrderedCollection, and asking it to add 1, then add 2, then add 3, then finally return yourself"
(OrderedCollection new) add: 1; add: 2; add: 3; yourself.
"This is normally not written on one line, but is written like this:"
Here, we're asking the class (remember, this is a blueprint for creating objects) OrderedCollection to create a new collection. Then we're asking the new collection to add 1 to itself. Then we're asking the same new collection to add 2 to itself, then 3, and then finally we're asking the collection to return itself. You normally don't have to send that last message to an object, as the default return is the object itself (we call this the receiver of the the messages), but the message add: returns the parameter you're passing, so in this case, if we want to see the OrderedCollection that we're creating, we need to ask it to return itself as the last message send. This may be a little confusing; I showed the above snippet as it explicitly creates a new object. You could get the same results by inspecting the below two snippets, that don't explictly create a new object - this is done implicitly from the message sent:
"Here, we're asking the OrderedCollection class to give us a new OrderedCollection object with the values 1, 2, and 3 in it."
OrderedCollection with: 1 with: 2 with: 3
"Here, we're asking the OrderedCollection class to give us a new OrderedCollection object with all of the values 1, 2 and 31"
OrderedCollection withAll: #(1 2 3)
Now, if you print it to the above code, you'll see an ASCII representation of the object: OrderedCollection (1 2 3 ). When you inspect the above code, and click on self you will see:
There are several ways that we could make an ordered collection with a fourth Integer in it, here's a neat way. Say that you have this OrderedCollection with only the first 3 integers in it, and realize 'wups, I actually wanted 4 integers in it.' You don't have to go back to the code you typed in above and redo it, you can just ask the object you're inspecting to add a fourth integer to itself:
Highlight the code entered in the bottom pane, and do it. Here, you're asking the object itself (self) to add 4 to itself. If you have self highlighted, you'll notice that it is updated (if you don't have self highlighted, then click on it to see the updates. You'll see:
This is an illustration of being able to view and
manipulate objects in real time, which is Immensely Powerful.
If you're coding along and something isn't quite working right, you can
stop execution, grab the troublesome object and see exactly what is going
on. If you want to simulate certain conditions, you can just change
the object directly. For example, say you realized that you shouldn't
have the integer 4, but rather the string 'four', you can click on the
fourth element, delete 4, and tye in 'four', then middle click>accept.
fourth element in this collection is now the string 'four'.
clicking on the 3rd element, then back to the fourth element to confirm
this, you'll see:
...and remember, we did all this without the hassle of compiling, linking, and running the compiled program! Ok, now that we have an idea about how to create a collection, we're going to do something with this collection, lets add up the integers in the collection. To do this, you can do it the following snippet:
| anOrderedCollection aSum |
aSum := 0.
anOrderedCollection := OrderedCollection withAll: #(1 2 3).
anOrderedCollection do: [:anElement | aSum := aSum + anElement].
Here, the lines of code mean:
1) declare temporary variables
2) initialize the sum
3) create a new ordered collection, assign it to one of the temporary variables
4) ask the ordered collection to do something for each element. For each element, we're asking the sum to add the element to itself.
5) here, we're asking the sum to open an inspector on itself (yeah, you can do this programatically - cool eh?)
For the folks with programming experience, you'll
note that we didn't have to worry about bounds checking, or the size of
the collection, or declaring temporary variables to index the collection
- this is all handled by the collection. Very nice and it helps to
reduce errors. We very naturally just asked the ordered collection
to do something with each element.
Back to inheritence now, as the name suggests, OrderedCollection is a type of Collection, and inherits methods and instance variables from Collection. To be more precise, it inherits from a class called SequenceableCollection, which in turn inherits from Collection. Now, I could use UML, or any number of other industry software modeling diagrams here, but I want to save time so I'm going to use a textual shorthand for outlining class relationships - I'll denote inheritence by tabbing, so indicating the above inheritence looks like this:
You can think of this as OrderedCollection is
a type of SequenceableCollection, which is a type of Collection.
For example, a creation method we used - withAll: is inherited from
I'll show this class method by:
Both Collection, and SequenceableCollection,
are what we call abstract classes - classes
that would never instantiate an object themselves, but serve as good logical
building points. Here, it doesn't matter if we have an OrderedCollection,
a SortedCollection, or a Bag (an unordered collection),
or whatever - we'd want all of them to know how to respond to withAll:.
the sweet thing: we implement the method that all these classes
should respond to in one spot, and reuse it. So, if you need
to change withAll: for these classes, then there's only one spot to
If you need to have an exception to the rule, say you have have a Heap2 class that needs to implement the withAll: method differently, then you can do what is called overriding the method in Heap. Adding Heap to our outline, and indicating abstract classes in italics gives us:
Note: when we send the withAll: message
to Heap or to OrderedCollection, these two classes have
different implementation of the same message - this is known as polymorphism.
is another one of those esoteric terms that really means something pretty
The corollary of polymorphism is a very powerful one though, it allows you to get out of a decision making frame of mind, and get into a commanding frame of mind. This allows us to get away from a common procedural programming trait - having lot of code that is checking stuff and conditionally doing stuff (if it's an OrderedCollection, do this, if it's a Heap, do this, if it's a Bag, do this, etc), and lets us just do stuff. It doesn't matter what type of collection it is, when we ask it to do withAll:, it will do the right thing!
Finally, if we also add the above mentioned SortedCollection and Bag ( here's where this month's title pun comes from ;-), we get:
It's easy to see how there are lots of opportunities
for reuse here, it's generally a good thing when you can code something
in one spot, and have many objects reuse that one implementation.
That way, when you have to make an udpate, you only update that one spot
and don't have to worry with tracking down many different spots and keeping
the update in synch.
Now we're going to start getting to the question of how we know what objects are where and how to use them. As with other topics in this series, I'm introducing this one a bit at a time as well. A common problem for Smalltalk beginners is that they're overwhelmed with the rich class library as there are thousands of objects you can use. To help reduce this problem, I've extended one of the Smalltalk browsers and made a ScopedBrowser. This is a good example of the reflectiveness we mentioned earlier - I was able to extend or alter the behavior of the IDE to suit my needs. This ScopedBrowser will only show you the classes we need to concentrate on for this article. My intent is to add to the scope that is being browsed over time as more objects are introduced. For this time, I've included all the above mentioned collections objects as well as a couple more collections objects for those interested (a total of 9 classes). To open this browser, you first need to file in the MakingSmalltalk-Article3.st code to your image (see article 2 on how to do this). Then open the browser by doing the snippet:
For the read-along folks, this is what you'll see
after navigating to the withAll: method:
(Note: I set my browser colour to purple - the default colour is green, I'll come back to customization in a future article)
To find the withAll: method, click on the class button, then Collections-Abstract>Collection>instanceCreation>withAll:
This browser has 5 panes and 3 buttons, from left to right and top to bottom:
pane 1: shows categories - these are collections of classes (pun intended

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Benefactress in a Sentence 🔊
Definition of Benefactress
who gives money or other help to a person or cause
Examples of Benefactress in a sentence
Many celebrities donated small amounts to the charitable organization, but Oprah and one other benefactress gave over a million dollars each. 🔊
Although the benefactress asked to be kept anonymous, most people knew that wealthy heiress was responsible for the building of the hospital. 🔊
A banquet will be held to honor the mayor's wife, a caring benefactress, who always gives large sums of money to the local food drive. 🔊
Other words in the Generous category:
Most Searched Words (with Video)


text:
What is CDP command in Cisco?
show cdp neighbors
|show cdp entry||Displays information about a neighbor device listed in the CDP table.|
|show cdp interface||Displays information about the interfaces on which CDP is enabled.|
|show cdp traffic||Displays traffic information from the CDP table.|
What is CDP configuration?
CDP is a protocol that runs over Layer 2 (the data link layer) on all Cisco routers, bridges, access servers, and switches. CDP allows network management applications to discover Cisco devices that are neighbors of already known devices, in particular, neighbors running lower-layer, transparent protocols.
What command would you use to verify whether CDP is enabled or disabled in a Cisco device?
In order to reenable CDP, use the cdp run command in global configuration mode. You can verify whether CDP is enabled or disabled on your Cisco device using the show cdp neighbors command.
How do I use CDP in Packet Tracer?
To enable CDP globally, use "cdp run" on the router configuration mode. To enable CDP on a specific interface, use "cdp enable" command on the interface configuration mode. By default CDP is already enabled. You can also disable CDP by using "no cdp enable" command.
How do I enable CDP on my router?
To enable the CDP, use the cdp run command in global configuration mode. To disable CDP, use the no form of this command. This command has no arguments or keywords. Enabled at the global level and on all the supported interfaces.
What is CDP and LLDP?
LLDP (Link Layer Discovery Protocol) and CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol) are link layer protocols for directly-connected LLDP and CDP-capable neighbors to advertise themselves and their capabilities. CDP/LLDP can be enabled or disabled globally or per port.
What information we can get from CDP?
By using CDP, Network Engineers can gather information about neighboring network devices, determining the type of hardware or equipment, software version, active interfaces the device is using (whether physical or VLAN), how they are configured, and other useful information.
What is the command to determine which CDP enabled devices are directly connected to Gateway?
show cdp command
a. On router Gateway, enter the show cdp command in the privileged EXEC mode to verify that CDP is currently enabled on router Gateway.
How do I check CDP?
To view your portfolio, log in using Singpass or CDP Internet User ID and password….CDP Internet
- Step 1: Complete the Apply for CDP Services form.
- Step 2: Mail the signed form to CDP's address indicated on the form.
- Step 3: Receive a notification from CDP once your application is processed.
What are router modes?
There are four operating modes in the router settings — the main mode and three additional modes: Router (A) — main mode; Adapter (B) — connect Ethernet devices to a Wi-Fi network; Repeater/Extender (C) — Wi-Fi extension; Access point/Extender (D) — expansion of the Wi-Fi area with Ethernet connection.
What is CDP and why would you want to disable it?
Hi, You Normally enable CDP for Internal Network or inside your Network Domain, and you disable CDP on the devices connected to external devices out of your Network for Security reasons.
Does LLDP use same commands as CDP?
LLDP configuration To display the neighbors' information the same procedure used in CDP is applied but we use the command show lldp neighbors .
How do I enable CDP on a Cisco router?
CDP is enabled on Cisco routers by default. If you prefer not to use the CDP capability, disable it with the no cdp run command. In order to reenable CDP, use the cdp run command in global configuration mode. You can verify whether CDP is enabled or disabled on your Cisco device using the show cdp neighbors command.
How to disable CDP on a single interface?
You can disable CDP on a single interface by using the command: R1#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R1 (config)#cdp run R1 (config)#interface FastEthernet0/0 R1 (config-if)#no cdp enable R1 (config-if)#end R1# Or you can disable CDP on the whole router:
How do I enable or disable Cisco Discovery Protocol on an interface?
To enable Cisco Discovery Protocol on an interface, use the cdp enable command in interface configuration mode. To disable Cisco Discovery Protocol on an interface, use the no form of this command. This command has no arguments or keywords.
Why does the show running-config command list no CDP run when disabled globally?
The show running-config command lists no cdp run when Cisco Discovery Protocol is disabled globally, which is not the default behavior. As a result of changes made for the Cisco 10000 platform, the show running-config command will list the cdp run command when Cisco Discovery Protocol is enabled globally.


Summary: H.R.7315 — 116th Congress (2019-2020)All Information (Except Text)
There is one summary for H.R.7315. Bill summaries are authored by CRS.
Shown Here:
Introduced in House (06/24/2020)
Protecting Our Protesters Act of 2020
This bill modifies the criminal civil rights statute that prohibits deprivation of rights under color of law.
Current law prohibits the deprivation of federally protected rights, privileges, or immunities by a government official (including a law enforcement officer).
This bill specifies that use of force during a response to a protest constitutes a deprivation of rights, privileges, or immunities.
Additionally, the bill removes the death penalty as a penalty option if death results or if certain aggravating factors are present.


text:
Community gardening has grown in popularity, as people around the world want to be moreconnected to the food we eat. The impact of these gardens becomes exponential when usedas a tool for education. They can be used to create living laboratories at schools and afterschool centers to help students learn about the food they eat as well as gain critical skillstraditionally taught in classrooms. At this month's Green Drinks, panelists will discuss community gardening in Evanston schools.
Rachel Rosner- SAGE (Schools are Gardening in Evanston)
Ellen Urquiaga- Teacher, Washington School
Linda Kruhmin- The Talking Farm and Edible Acre at ETHS
When: Tuesday, April 10th 7 – 9 pm
Where: Firehouse Grill, 750 Chicago Avenue, Evanston
What: A networking opportunity and Panel discussionabout teaching through community gardening.
RSVP suggested at _EMAIL_


nesia.
What does mm/dd/yyyy mean?
Acronym. Definition. MM/DD/YYYY. Two-Digit Month/Two-Digit Day/Four-Digit Year (e.g. 01/01/2000)
What format is mm dd yyyy?
Date/Time Formats
Format Description
MM/DD/YY Two-digit month, separator, two-digit day, separator, last two digits of year (example: 12/15/99)
YYYY/MM/DD Four-digit year, separator, two-digit month, separator, two-digit day (example: 1999/12/15)
What is the best date format?
Best Practice: For date, always include four digit year and use numbers for months. For example, the date format yyyy-mm-dd would appear as 2011-03-15 (March 15, 2011).
What is the most common date format?
Date Formats
 - DD-MM-YYYY. This is often the most logical date format to use, as it puts the numbers in order of significance.
 - MM-DD-YYYY. This is often the common date format to use in the United States, as to why, I am not sure.
 - YYYY-MM-DD. This format is pretty uncommon, although it is the most logical of the three.
What is the correct date format?
The international standard recommends writing the date as year, then month, then the day: YYYY-MM-DD. So if both the Australian and American used this, they would both write the date as 2019-02-03. Writing the date this way avoids confusion by placing the year first. Much of Asia uses this form when writing the date.
What is the international date format?
The international format yyyy-mm-dd or yyyymmdd is also accepted, though this format is not commonly used. The formats d. 'month name' yyyy and in handwriting d/m-yy or d/m yyyy are also acceptable.)
What is universal date format?
The international standard date notation is. YYYY-MM-DD. where YYYY is the year in the usual Gregorian calendar, MM is the month of the year between 01 (January) and 12 (December), and DD is the day of the month between 01 and 31.
What is the mm/dd/yyyy for today?
Hemishpere flip seasons – i.e. Winter is Summer….Today's Date.
Today's Date in Other Date Formats
Unix Epoch: _PHONE_
DD-MM-YYYY: 23-06-2021
MM-DD-YYYY: 06-23-2021
YYYY-DD-MM: 2021-23-06
Why does the US use mm dd yyyy?
One of the hypotheses is that the United States borrowed the way it was written from the United Kingdom who used it before the 20th century and then later changed it to match Europe (dd-mm-yyyy). American colonists liked their original format and it's been that way ever since.
What is a valid date of birth?
The correct format of your date of birth should be in dd/mm/yyyy. For example, if your date of birth is 9th October 1984, then it will be mentioned as 09/10/1984.
Does Canada use mm dd yyyy?
The Government of Canada recommends that all-numeric dates in both English and French use the YYYY – MM – DD format codified in ISO 8601. The YYYY – MM – DD format is the only method of writing a numeric date in Canada that allows unambiguous interpretation, and the only officially recommended format.
What goes first month or day?
In traditional American usage, dates are written in the month–day–year order (e.g. June 18, 2021) with a comma before and after the year if it is not at the end of a sentence, and time in 12-hour notation (10:42 am).
How do Canadians say Z?
Both "zed" and "zee" are acceptable pronunciations for the letter Z in Canada, though "zed" is much more common.
Who uses Month Day Year?
The M-D-Y (month, day, year) is almost exclusive to the United States. It is also the main way of writing dates in Belize and Micronesia, and is an alternative to the D-M-Y format in the Philippines, Saudi Arabia and Canada.
How do the months go?
All months have 30 or 31 days, except for February which has 28 days (29 in a leap year). Every fourth year, the month of February has 29 days instead of 28. This year is called a "leap year" and the 29th day of February is a "leap day"….Months of the Year.
2
month February
short form Feb.
days 28/29
season winter
What number of the month is December?
December is the twelfth and final month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. It is also the last of seven months to have a length of 31 days.
What date format does India use?
DD-MM-YYYY
Does India use AM PM?
Almost all countries use 24-hour clock. It's particularly North America, UK, Egypt, India, the Philippines, Colombia, Saudi Arabia, and Australia where the 12-hour clock is the predominant form of stating the time. It is much easier to name which countries use AM and PM 12 hour clock, it is USA.
Which date format is best for a cover letter?
If you still want to put the date on your cover letter, make sure you format it properly. The correct way to format the date on your cover letter is [Month] [Day], [Year]. For instance, July 29, 2021.
How do I change date format to mm dd yyyy?
Windows key + I > Time & language. In the right-hand pane > Time zone > choose (UTC) Dublin, Edinburgh, Lisbon, London. Scroll down, under Formats, click Change Date and Time Formats. Short date > choose DD/MM/YYYY > Long date > choose DD/MMMM/YYYY.
How do I change from mm/dd/yyyy to mm/dd/yyyy in Excel?
There is a formula that can quickly convert dd/mm/yyyy to mm/dd/yyyy date format. Select a blank cell next to the dates you want to convert, type this formula =DATE(VALUE(RIGHT(A9,4)), VALUE(MID(A9,4,2)), VALUE(LEFT(A9,2))), and drag fill handle over the cells which need to use this formula.
How do I calculate age in mm/dd/yyyy in Excel?
Open Excel 2013. Type a birthdate into a cell in the format MM/DD/YYYY (if in the United States) or in the format DD/MM/YYYY if your country uses that format. Type =DATEDIF(XX, TODAY(), "Y") then press Enter on your keyboard. Change the "XX" part of the formula to the cell containing the birthdate.


text:
Phased Array System Toolbox™ lets you create narrowband signal waveforms that are radiated by antennas, microphones, sonar transducers, and arrays. Narrowband signals fall into pulsed and continuous types. Waveform types include rectangular, frequency-modulated continuous, phase-coded, and stepped-frequency signals. In addition, matched filter algorithms are provided to perform coherent processing. The toolbox lets you create and plot ambiguity functions.
The toolbox also lets you model free-space signal propagation in monostatic or bistatic scenarios with targets and arrays in motion. Alternatively, you model atmospheric attenuation using line-of-sight (LOS) propagation models. These models calculate signal propagation through atmospheric gases, rain, and fog and clouds. All models include range-dependent time delay, phase shift, Doppler shift, and free-space loss. You can specify scattering radar cross sections (RCS) for nonpolarized radiation or scattering matrices for polarized radiation. The toolbox implements the four standard Swerling target radar cross-section models.


text:
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
- n. A pad of paper used for sketching. Also called sketchpad.
- n. A book of literary sketches.
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. A book made with blank leaves of drawing-paper, adapted for use in sketching; hence, a printed book composed of literary sketches or outlines.
- n. A book in which a musical composer jots down his ideas, and works out his preliminary studies.
GNU Webster's 1913
- n. A book of sketches or for sketches.
- n. a book containing sheets of paper on which sketches can be drawn
"When you think about it, a sketchbook is often the only place an artist can truly be him - or herself, with nothing to prove to anyone else."
"The issue includes a sketchbook from the upcoming First Wave series, and while I like Phil Noto's work, I really want to see more of Brian Azzarello's take on the characters."
"For artist Iris HÃ¤ussler, keeping a sketchbook is a primary means of experiencing the expedition as a sculptor, as an observer, and as a traveler."
"For artist Iris Häussler, keeping a sketchbook is a primary means of experiencing the expedition as a sculptor, as an observer, and as a traveler."
"You can use watercolor paper in a separate sheet or a Moleskine watercolor sketchbook, which is perfect."
"I find it funny that I feel that a sketchbook is the most private of places, yet I am willing to spill my guts on this blog."
"But now I'll have to either start using the giant sketchbook, which is unwieldy but has many blank pages left; or buy a new one."
"Turns out the sketchbook is a common phenomenon at shows like the MoCCA Art Fest, so much so that there are genres, like the kiss book, where the drawings are lined up to look like they're smacking each other on the lips or the ass."
"His sketchbook was a curiosity, because he not only made sketches in it, but jotted down his travelling expenses, what he thought about things that he saw, and all the gossip he heard in the towns through which he passed."
"The sketchbook is a tool for thinking as much as a wrench is a tool for pipe-fitting."
These user-created lists contain the word 'sketchbook'.
A collection of book words.
an immense, grandiloquent list that loads like a thousand years sentence in stone. new words are in the other lists.
Looking for tweets for sketchbook.


text:
The installation of a pumping plant at Donaldsonville, La., in 1955 to solve a
water-supply problem for the residents along Bayou Lafourche created a sedimentation problem in the bayou. Prior to 1904, when the bayou functioned as a distributary, floodflows periodically scoured the sediment deposited in the channel at lower stages. Nearly constant flows maintained by the pumping plant result in limited transport capacity to move the sediment imposed on the channel.
Additional publication details
USGS Numbered Series
Sediment transport in a Mississippi River distributary-- Bayou Lafourche, Louisiana


text:
A co-tenancy clause refers to a provision in a retail lease contract that permits tenants to reduce their amount of rent if a number of tenants leave the rental space. Some tenants are known to attract more traffic, especially in malls. It is the reason why some tenants may decide to have their businesses in this location. So, if this key tenant happens to vacate the mall, there will be no traffic anymore.
What does this mean? It means that other tenants will not get the number of customers as they used to while this key tenant was around. A co-tenancy clause, therefore, comes in to protect tenants from such a scenario It does this by cutting down the amount of rent the tenants should pay as a move to compensate them for the loss of traffic.
A Little More on What is a Co-Tenancy Clause
In any mall, co-tenants are usually the anchor tenants. They are the biggest, and they own popular stores that tend to draw traffic that trickles over to other stores in a similar location. However, during economic stress, retailers are usually forced to close some of their outlet stores. They do this so that they can reduce costs, and as a result, landlords lose a lot of revenue.
So, when the remaining tenants demand a reduction in rent as per the co-tenancy clause, it leads to further loss of revenue by the landlords. It may even eventually lead to bankruptcy.
However, the co-tenancy clause is beneficial to the tenants as it provides protection. It ensures that the shopping malls continue to be operational and able to draw customer traffic so that the tenants benefit from the sales.
Why Landlords Avoid Co-Tenancy Clause
There is fiercely negotiation when it comes to the co-tenancy clause. Most landlords do not like the provisions in this clause because it is difficult for them to control other tenants' or occupants' decision to move out of the shopping mall. The landlords see this clause as something that can severely affect their revenue.
For tenants to obtain a co-tenancy clause, it will depend largely on their power to negotiate. For instance, landlords will always be on the lookout for tenants with big names. They also look for tenants who are capable of paying a high amount of rent, and their power to stay for long. Such tenants are likable because they have the capacity to draw a massive population in a business location. Such tenants can easily negotiate for co-tenancy protection as they are in a better position to engage a landlord in the negotiations.
Landlords who consider using a co-tenancy clause risks losing significant revenue in the process. It is important, therefore, for the tenant to ensure that the drafting of the co-tenancy is properly done to help minimize the risks. Involving an attorney with experience in finance law and commercial real estate can be a good move in achieving this.
The Landlord's Conditions for Co-Tenancy Clauses
To be able to obtain a co-tenancy clause, a landlord will demand that the tenant meets certain conditions. The most crucial condition in this clause is that the tenant cannot default on the lease. Note that breaching the co-tenancy clause may lead to lease termination.
The Basics of Co-Tenancy Clause
The co-tenancy clause is most popular among the shopping center tenants as well as mall leases. It has the ability to reduce rent or terminate the lease, when other tenants stop their operation in the facility, leaving large space unoccupied. The co-tenancy clause is commonly used by large store owners, which they use to negotiate and ensure that there is enough protection.
Types of Co-Tenancy Clause
The co-tenancy clause exists in two types. They as follows:
- Opening Co-Tenancy Agreements: This one is most common where new malls or shopping center developments are involved. It also happens in a state where tenants don't open and pay rent in full, not until other stores are open and a certain percentage of the space in the mall is occupied.
- Operating co-tenancy agreements: This one applies to those malls and shopping centers that are already in operation. It allows tenants to pay rent at a reduced rate or stop their operations completely if the specified tenants vacate, and there are no suitable tenants to replace.
Generally, stores in an environment where there is sharing, rely on each other to draw traffic. They are also expected to uphold specific standards as well as maintaining patron's good experience. For instance, the clause may specify the prohibition of certain uses such as:
- Marijuana dispensaries
- Massage parlors
- Nightclubs and strip clubs
Also, there is prohibiting or limiting the percentage of other non-retail uses such as fitness centers and grocery stores. A good example is the limiting or prohibiting of heavy parking. Note that all these can be possible through a co-tenancy clause, including other related lease clauses created for this purpose.


Structural Similarity Index, Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio
Source code Author Update time
When comparing images, the Mean Squared Error (or MSE), though straightforward to calculate, may not be a very good indicator of their perceived similarity.
The Structural Similarity Index (or SSIM) aims to address this shortcoming by taking texture into account, and assigning a higher score to images that may appear similar.
using Images, TestImages
using Random
img_orig = float64.(testimage("cameraman"))
We use a grayscale image out of the TestImages package, which provides a standard suite of test images. float/float32/float64 preserve colorant information: thus the image is now composed of pixels of type Gray{Float64}.
assess_ssim(img_orig, img_orig)
1.0
The assess_ssim function, which takes two images as inputs and returns their structural similarity index, is the simplest way to calculate the SSIM of two images.
An SSIM score of 1.00 indicates perfect structural similarity, as is expected out of identical images.
Now, we create two variations of the original image: image_const on the left has the intensity of all its pixels increased by 0.2 times the intensity range, while image_noise on the right has the intensity of some of its pixels increased, and that of the others decreased by the same amount. The two images look quite different visually.
noise = ones(size(img_orig)) .* 0.2 .* (maximum(img_orig) - minimum(img_orig))
img_const = img_orig + noise
mask = rand(Float64, size(img_orig)) .< 0.5
noise[mask] = noise[mask] .* -1
img_noise = img_orig + noise
mosaicview(img_const, img_noise; nrow=1)
We use the mse function defined in ImageDistances to calculate the mean squared error between the original and the two modified images.
mse(img_orig, img_const), mse(img_orig, img_noise)
(0.039999999999999016, 0.039999999999999016)
Despite their visual differences, both the images have the exact same mean squared error of 0.400, when compared with the original. This demonstrates how in certain cases, MSE can fail to capture the perceived similarity of images.
assess_ssim(img_orig, img_const), assess_ssim(img_orig, img_noise)
(0.8406360281731596, 0.1045754516237563)
Their SSIM scores vary significantly, with image_const being rated much closer to the original image in terms of perceived similarity, which is in line with what visually seems to be the case.
Custom Parameters
While assess_ssim is a convenient way to calculate the SSIM of two images, it does not allow for custom parameters to be passed to the SSIM algorithm, for which we have the following syntax.
iqi = SSIM(KernelFactors.gaussian(2.0, 11), (0.5, 0.5, 0.5))
assess(iqi, img_orig, img_const)
0.9085673404877026
Here, the first parameter is the kernel used to weight the neighbourhood of each pixel while calculating the SSIM locally, and defaults to KernelFactors.gaussian(1.5, 11). The second parameter is the set of weights (α, β, γ) given to the lunimance (L), contrast (C) and structure (S) terms while calculating the SSIM, and defaults to (1.0, 1.0, 1.0). Recall that SSIM is defined as Lᵅ × Cᵝ × Sᵞ.
Peak signal-to-noise ratio
Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is used to measure the quality of image in present of noise and corruption. It is the ratio between the maximum possible power of a signal and the power of corrupting noise that affects representation fidelity.
Given a noise-free m×n monochrome image I and corresponding noise image K. 'MSE' is defined as:
\[\mathit{MSE} = \frac{1}{m\,n}\sum_{i=0}^{m-1}\sum_{j=0}^{n-1} [I(i,j) - K(i,j)]^2\]
The PSNR (in dB) is defined as:
\[\begin{align}\mathit{PSNR} &= 10 \cdot \log_{10} \left( \frac{\mathit{MAX}_I^2}{\mathit{MSE}} \right)\\ &= 20 \cdot \log_{10} \left( \frac{\mathit{MAX}_I}{\sqrt{\mathit{MSE}}} \right)\\ &= 20 \cdot \log_{10} \left( {\mathit{MAX}_I} \right) - 10 \cdot \log_{10} \left( {{\mathit{MSE}}} \right)\end{align}\]
Here, $MAX_I$ or peakval is the maximum possible pixel value of the image which can be provided in assess_psnr function like assess_psnr(K, I, [1.0]) for monochrome images or assess_psnr(K, I, [1.0,1.0,1.0]) for multi channel images.
peakval = maximum(img_orig) .|> Float64 # peakval is max pixel value in original image
assess_psnr(img_noise, img_orig, [peakval]) # 13.979400086720483
1-element Vector{Float64}:
 13.979400086720483
Let's change the contents of the noisy image before applying PSNR. Note that peakval is not required to be passed as it can be automatically calculated too.
noise = ones(size(img_orig)) .* 0.2 .* (maximum(img_orig) - minimum(img_orig))
mask = rand(Float64, size(img_orig)) .< 0.5
noise[mask] = noise[mask] .* -3
img_noise = img_orig + noise
assess_psnr(img_noise, img_orig)
6.994978188506817
Generally, for non-gray image K, PSNR is reported against each channel of I and outputs a Vector, peakval needs to be a vector as well.
References
 1. Zhou Wang; Bovik, A.C.; ,"Mean squared error: Love it or leave it? A new look at Signal Fidelity Measures," Signal Processing Magazine, IEEE, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 98-117, Jan. 2009.
 2. Z. Wang, A. C. Bovik, H. R. Sheikh and E. P. Simoncelli, "Image quality assessment: From error visibility to structural similarity," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 600-612, Apr. 2004.
This page was generated using DemoCards.jl and Literate.jl.


text:
Indian Coin Recognition and Sum Counting System of Image Data Mining Using Artificial Neural Networks
This paper is to classify recently released Indian coins of different denomination. The is to recognize the coins and count the total value of the coin in terms of Indian National Rupees (INR). The system designs coin recognition which uses by combining Robert's edge detection method, Laplacian of Gaussion edge detection method, Canny edge detection method and Multi-Level Counter Propagation Neural Network (ML-CPNN) based on the coin. In this paper, it is proposed to introduce ML-CPNN approach. The features of old coins and new coins of different denominations are considered for classification.


text:
Assessment Cycle Policy
UWE Bristol has developed a University Assessment Cycle policy for all taught provision, including collaborative provision. The policy underpins and supports how assessment and feedback form a critical aspect of the learning process.
Principles of the Assessment Cycle Policy
- Outlines the key stages of assessment and recognises the journey from design conception, marking and moderation to enhancement/review.
- Articulation of assessment both as part of the learning process and as the means by which academic staff form judgements about the extent to which learning outcomes are met.
- Promotes the concept of 'assessment literacy' and how this should be developed in students.
- Promotes and facilitates the sharing of good practice across the University through a common framework and terminology.
- Alignment with the QAA Quality Code Chapter B3: Learning and Teaching and Chapter B6: Assessment of Students and the Recognition of Prior Learning
When is the policy applicable?
The Assessment Cycle Policy is applicable in all circumstances to all taught provision including curriculum delivered by our collaborative partners.
Further guidance is provided in the documents below.
Guidance for students
This short film has been made for students in order to explain the Assessment Cycle Policy and the different stages of the assessment process at UWE Bristol.
Staff guidance film
This short film that has been compiled for staff explaining the internal marking processes and moderation at Stages 5 and 6 of The Assessment Cycle.
A full list of UWE Bristol policies can be found on our policies web page.
If you have any questions regarding The Assessment Cycle Policy please email the Curriculum Enhancement Manager Rebecca Smith at _EMAIL_.


FORMAT
By default, queries return data in JDBC format, but you can also return data in standard Elasticsearch JDBC, JSON, CSV, YAML or raw formats (only JSON and JDBC are currently supported).
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
json, jdbcN/AN/A
CUBEJS_DB_EXPORT_BUCKET
The name of a bucket in cloud storage to store the database export snapshots.
When using multiple data sources, this environment variable can be decorated with a data source.
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
A valid bucket in the configured cloud storageN/AN/A
CUBEJS_DB_EXPORT_BUCKET=exports-20210505
# Decorated with a data source named 'datasource1'
CUBEJS_DS_DATASOURCE1_DB_EXPORT_BUCKET=exports-20210505
CUBEJS_DB_EXPORT_BUCKET_TYPE
The cloud provider where the bucket is hosted.
When using multiple data sources, this environment variable can be decorated with a data source.
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
gcp, s3N/AN/A
CUBEJS_DB_EXPORT_BUCKET_TYPE=gcp
# Decorated with a data source named 'datasource1'
CUBEJS_DS_DATASOURCE1_DB_EXPORT_BUCKET_TYPE=gcp
CUBEJS_DB_EXPORT_BUCKET_AWS_KEY
The AWS Access Key ID to use for the export bucket.
When using multiple data sources, this environment variable can be decorated with a data source.
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
A valid AWS Access Key IDN/AN/A
CUBEJS_DB_EXPORT_BUCKET_AWS_SECRET
The AWS Secret Access Key to use for the export bucket.
When using multiple data sources, this environment variable can be decorated with a data source.
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
A valid AWS Secret Access KeyN/AN/A
CUBEJS_DB_EXPORT_BUCKET_AWS_REGION
The AWS region of the export bucket.
When using multiple data sources, this environment variable can be decorated with a data source.
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
A valid AWS region (opens in a new tab)N/AN/A
CUBEJS_DB_EXPORT_BUCKET_MOUNT_DIR
The mount path to use for a Databricks DBFS mount (opens in a new tab).
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
A valid mount pathN/AN/A
CUBEJS_DB_EXPORT_BUCKET_REDSHIFT_ARN
An ARN of an AWS IAM role with permission to write to the configured bucket (see CUBEJS_DB_EXPORT_BUCKET).
When using multiple data sources, this environment variable can be decorated with a data source.
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
A valid ARN to an IAM Role associated with the target Redshift data sourceN/AN/A
CUBEJS_DB_EXPORT_GCS_CREDENTIALS
A Base64 encoded JSON key file for connecting to Google Cloud.
When using multiple data sources, this environment variable can be decorated with a data source.
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
A valid Google Cloud JSON key file encoded as a Base64 stringN/AN/A
CUBEJS_DB_EXPORT_INTEGRATION
The name of the integration used in the database. Only required when using Snowflake and Google Cloud Storage.
When using multiple data sources, this environment variable can be decorated with a data source.
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
A valid string matching the name of the integration in SnowflakeN/AN/A
CUBEJS_DB_HOST
The host URL for a database.
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
A valid database host URLN/AN/A
CUBEJS_DB_SOCKET_PATH
The path to a Unix socket that is used to connect to a data source, e.g., MySQL.
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
A valid path to a socketN/AN/A
CUBEJS_DB_MAX_POOL
The maximum number of concurrent database connections to pool.
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
A valid numberSee database-specific pageSee database-specific page
CUBEJS_DB_NAME
The name of the database to connect to.
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
A valid database nameN/AN/A
CUBEJS_DB_PASS
The password used to connect to the database.
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
A valid database passwordN/AN/A
CUBEJS_DB_PORT
The port for the database connection.
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
A valid port numberN/AN/A
CUBEJS_DB_PRESTO_CATALOG
The catalog within Presto/Trino to connect to.
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
A valid catalog name within a Presto/Trino databaseN/AN/A
CUBEJS_DB_QUERY_TIMEOUT
The timeout value for any queries made to the database by Cube.
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
A number in seconds or a duration string10m10m
CUBEJS_DB_FETCH_COLUMNS_BY_ORDINAL_POSITION
Force fetching of columns by ordinal positions. Certain data-providers (e.g., Redshift) do not guarantee columns in the same order on each request (e.g., SELECT * FROM foo). This flag ensures that columns will be fetched in proper order for pre-aggregation generation.
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
Whether to force fetch columns in ordinal positiontruetrue
CUBEJS_DB_MATERIALIZE_CLUSTER
The cluster name to use when connecting to Materialize.
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
A valid Materialize cluster nameN/AN/A
CUBEJS_DB_SNOWFLAKE_ACCOUNT
The Snowflake account identifier to use when connecting to the database.
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
A valid Snowflake account ID (opens in a new tab)N/AN/A
CUBEJS_DB_SNOWFLAKE_AUTHENTICATOR
The type of authenticator to use with Snowflake. Use SNOWFLAKE with username/password, or SNOWFLAKE_JWT with key pairs.
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
SNOWFLAKE, SNOWFLAKE_JWTSNOWFLAKESNOWFLAKE
CUBEJS_DB_SNOWFLAKE_CLIENT_SESSION_KEEP_ALIVE
If true, keep the Snowflake connection alive indefinitely (opens in a new tab).
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
true, falsetruetrue
CUBEJS_DB_SNOWFLAKE_PRIVATE_KEY_PASS
The password for the private RSA key. Only required for encrypted keys.
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
A valid password for the encrypted private RSA keyN/AN/A
CUBEJS_DB_SNOWFLAKE_PRIVATE_KEY_PATH
The path to the private RSA key folder.
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
A valid path to the private RSA keyN/AN/A
CUBEJS_DB_SNOWFLAKE_REGION
The Snowflake region to use when connecting to the database.
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
A valid Snowflake region (opens in a new tab)N/AN/A
CUBEJS_DB_SNOWFLAKE_ROLE
The Snowflake role to use when connecting to the database.
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
A valid Snowflake role (opens in a new tab) in the accountN/AN/A
CUBEJS_DB_SNOWFLAKE_WAREHOUSE
The Snowflake warehouse to use when connecting to the database.
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
A valid Snowflake warehouse (opens in a new tab) in the accountN/AN/A
CUBEJS_DB_SSL
If true, enables SSL encryption for database connections from Cube.
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
true, falseN/AN/A
CUBEJS_DB_TYPE
A database from the list of supported databases.
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
Any valid database supported by CubeN/AN/A
CUBEJS_DB_URL
The URL for a database.
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
A valid database URLN/AN/A
CUBEJS_DB_USER
The username used to connect to the database.
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
A valid database usernameN/AN/A
CUBEJS_DB_QUERY_DEFAULT_LIMIT
The default row limit in the result set if it's not explicitly specified in an API query.
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
A positive integer number1000010000
CUBEJS_DB_QUERY_LIMIT
The maximum row limit in the result set.
Possible ValuesDefault in DevelopmentDefault in Production
A positive integer number5000050000
Increasing the maximum row limit may cause out-of


Roselli Lab
The ovine sexually dimorphic nucleus (oSDN) of the preoptic area
A major research focus is the characterization of the aromatase-signaling pathway in neural tissue. Aromatase is a cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP 19) that catalyzes the conversion of testosterone to estradiol. I have recently found that the pattern of aromatase expression within the sheep brain is correlated with sexual partner preferences in adult rams and am studying how these associations between androgen signaling and behavior develop.
Ongoing Research Projects
Brain Morphology and Sexual Partner Preference in Sheep
Can Herbal Supplements Prevent Prostate Cancer?


Resources, Advice & Tips for Covid-19
Read More
Are Ouija Boards Dangerous? What to Know
Sally Painter
Ouija board
Are Ouija boards dangerous or is it all in your mind as some people argue? You can explore both sides of this discussion and decide for yourself if Ouija boards really are dangerous.
Are Ouija Boards Dangerous?
If you ask a psychologist, the answer is the Ouija board itself isn't dangerous, but the person with their fingers on the planchette might be. If you ask a medium, you will often get the same answer with a footnote: that it might not be the person that is dangerous, but a spirit.
Why Are Ouija Boards Dangerous?
There are many psychological reasons why a person might be dangerous as a result of using a Ouija board according to psychology professionals. The main one is the belief that the Ouija board is communicating with spirits. Psychologists believe a susceptible person may convince themselves that they are possessed by a demon.
Hands on a Ouija planchette
Psychological Dangers of Ouija Board
According to the mental health industry, the psychological dangers of Ouija boards rest with the mental health of the participants. Psychologists/Psychiatrists believe that psychic phenomena such as demonic possession, poltergeist activity, and hauntings by spirits are the result of various mental illnesses. This professional belief automatically displaces any supernatural or paranormal causes for the patient's condition.
How to Avoid Getting Caught Up in Superstitions
There are many creepy tales that circulate about the Ouija board, and it's easy to get caught up in the various superstitions about Ouija boards. The idea of communicating with spirits can feel spooky, and this creep factor can affect the most logical people when the planchette seems to move by itself by responding to questions. This can make you scared or even traumatized, so it's important that you stay grounded during a Ouija session. If you begin to feel afraid, then close the session and try again another time.
Ouija Board Gives Answer You Don't Like
You may ask questions you really don't want answered and start to regret it, especially if the information delivered by the Ouija board isn't true. For example, a participant may flippantly ask, "When am I going to die?" and the planchette slides to give a specific answer.
Avoid Asking Certain Questions
It's easy to avoid this type of response situation. Set guidelines prior to your Ouija board session about the type of questions prohibited. A personal guideline should be, if you aren't prepared to hear the answer to a specific question, then don't ask it.
Mediums Warn of Dangers of Ouija Board
Many mediums and Ouija board enthusiasts often warn of Ouija board dangers. They warn against playing with a Ouija board as though it were a game. They believe the board serves as a gateway to the other side where spirit dwells. Players are advised that it is very possible to invite disembodied entities to cross over and wreak havoc in their lives.
Scared woman
Safeguard Against Unwanted Spirits Lingering
The easiest way to prevent unwanted spirits from lingering long past the use of the Ouija board is to take proper steps to close the gateway at the end of your session. All you do is slide the planchette to "Good Bye" then turn it upside down with the feet pointing up. You should store the planchette upside down and wrapped in a cloth to prevent it from making contact with the board. For an added precaution, you can open and close each session by placing the room in protective white light and stating only those entities/spirits of the light can enter.
Dangers of Ouija Boards From Malevolent Spirits
Some mediums and psychics believe that only low frequency entities and spirits use Ouija boards as a form of communication. These beings don't vibrate at high enough frequencies to achieve communication any other way. This alone is a warning of the dangers of Ouija boards. These spirits or often demons are adept in deception.
spiritual portal
Why Low Level Spirits Are Dangerous
The low frequency beings using the Ouija board often pretend to be someone you once knew. The spirit may offer a few small truths to gain your trust. This information almost always takes a turn and becomes dark and misleading. By design, the communication can cause confusion, anguish, and even isolation.
How to Counter Ouija Board Misinformation
To mitigate any fearful information that comes through the Ouija board, take everything with a grain of salt. If you dislike the information you're receiving, end the session and try again another time. Never continue to communicate with an entity or spirit that makes you uncomfortable.
Malevolent Entities Waiting to Communicate
Many people believe malevolent entities are waiting to communicate with unsuspecting victims. One such being is called Zozo (also Zaza or Zuzu). Zozo is reported to be a negative entity that takes over sessions and seeks to wreak havoc in the life of any Ouija board user. While there is no proof Zozo is anything more than an urban legend or trick of the mind, many people have experienced the Zozo phenomenon.
How to Recognize Negative Entities
There are several telltale signs that you are communicating with a negative entity. Once you know what to look for, you can quickly end your Ouija board session. If you notice any of the following odd behaviors, immediately slide the planchette to "goodbye" and then turn it upside down. End your session and store the board appropriately.
 - Ouija board planchette slides to number 9 and counts backwards to 0.
 - Planchette slides between Z and a vowel repeatedly.
 - Planchette exhibits laughter by sliding back and forth between the letters H and A.
 - Planchette moves erratically.
 - Planchette cycles through the alphabet in either alphabetical or reverse alphabetical order.
You Become Emotionally Attached
If you are a frequent user, you can run the risk of becoming emotionally and psychologically attached to the Ouija board. This is especially dangerous if you rely on the Ouija board for advice and guidance in your life. This can lead to an obsessive behavior and even result in you shutting out friends and loved ones.
Upset man
How to Avoid Dangers of Ouija Board Attachment
You should constantly remind yourself that no game can dictate how you should live your life. You have free will and you live in the real world, not the world of a Ouija board. In spite of being consciously aware of these facts, you discover you're relying on the board in an unhealthy manner, seek professional guidance either through a mental health professional or a spiritual advisor, such as clergy.
Ouija Board Use Unleashes Psychokinetic Activity
There are anecdotal reports connected to Ouija board use about physical attacks and objects being thrown and smashed by unseen forces. In some cases, the activity continued even after the individual stopped using the Ouija board. This is known poltergeist activity.
How to Prevent Ouija Board Caused Poltergeist Activity
Poltergeist activity is caused by the phenomenon known as psychokinesis, which is frequently related to a living person although it can be generated by spirits. If you experience poltergeist activity during a Ouija board session, properly end the session and see if the activity stops. If it continues, you may need to help from a paranormal expert. In addition, you might need to talk with a therapist to resolve any residual emotional problems you have from the experience.
Demonic Possession Through Use of Ouija Board
The most frightening danger associated with the Ouija board is the possibility of demonic possession. This fear was heightened by the movie, The Exorcist, and the spirit Captain Howdy communicating through the Ouija board that led to the fictional demonic possession.
Possessed-looking woman
When to End Ouija Board Session
If any of the participants in the Ouija board session exhibits odd behavior, promptly end your session. You can perform a cleansing burn with sandalwood or other incense to clear out any negative energies. If it continues and you fear a demonic possession, infestation, or oppression, then you're dealing with a spiritual issue, not a paranormal one. You should seek help from clergy trained to deal with possession.
Ouija Board Dangers When You Believe It's a Game
Many people believe the Ouija board is just a game. This attitude makes them vulnerable to the dangers of Ouija boards. Communicating with spirits should never be taken lightly. You should be cautious when you use a Ouija board and make sure you are using spiritual protection techniques. Familiarize yourself with the signs of spiritual oppression. If, at any time, you feel the situation is out of control, any of the participants are uncomfortable, or you feel any sense of spiritual danger, end the session immediately using proper closing techniques.
Why Are Ouija Boards Dangerous?
A lack of respect for a divination tool, like a Ouija board, can make it dangerous to use. When you understand how to use a Ouija board and how to avoid possible dangers, it can be another tool for communicating with spirit.
Are Ouija Boards Dangerous? What to Know


text:
The first state agencies formed for the purpose of constructing roadways were established in 1895. In that year, the Bureau
of Highways was created to study the laws, physical features, and economic and legal status of highways in the State (Stats. 1895, ch. 203). In addition, a Tahoe Wagon Road Commissioner was appointed to investigate the possibilities of construction
of a road to Lake Tahoe (Stats. 1895, ch. 119).
For permission to reproduce or publish, please contact the California State Archives. Permission for reproduction or publication
is given on behalf of the California State Archives as the owner of the physical items. The researcher assumes all responsibility
for possible infringement which may arise from reproduction or publication of materials from the California State Archives


What Is A Gustnado? (Hint: It May Have Collapsed The Indiana State Fair Stage)
Last weekend, a deadly tragedy struck the Indiana State Fair when the main performance stage collapsed during a freak storm. A witness to the event captured this terrifying moment on video.
After looking at the weather data and videos of the event, at least one meteorologist believes a gustnado may be responsible. So what exactly is a gustnado?
A gustnado is a short-lived, ground-based vortex that forms during a severe thunderstorm...
A gustnado is gust storm that forms ahead of a thunderstorm. It's a pocket of powerful, swirling air that extends between 30 to 300 feet high.
...its winds can be as strong as an F1 tornado...
A gustnado produces intense wind bursts that can reach up to 80 MPH, as powerful as an F1 tornado. This is powerful enough to uproot trees with shallow roots, knock down billboards and cause minor damage to roofs, chimneys and windows.
... its not a tornado, but can be confused with one...
Gustnadoes are often confused with tornadoes as both can occur during a thunderstorm. A gustnado forms on the gust front of a thunderstorm, while a tornado forms from a giant rotating thunderstorm called a supercell. Unlike tornadoes, gustnadoes stay on the ground and their vortex does not reach the storm clouds above. Gustnadoes are like whirlwinds and dust devils, but they are more powerful and devastating.
...a gustnado may be the cause of the stage collapse at the Indiana State Fair.
AccuWeather.com Senior Meteorologist Henry Margusity studied the unusual storm that hit the Indiana State Fair last weekend. After looking at radar data and video footage from the fair, he believes the evidence points to a gustnado. You can read his argument here. [Accu-Weather, Weather Savvy via Scientific American]