to buy these things (such as gem stones, planks of wood etc.) from stores.
Once you have decided whether to buy them or gather them yourself, you must decide what types you are going to use. I will begin with wood. If you choose tree branches, you must decide what trees, all the same or different ones, and whether to break off live ones or dead ones. It is generally believed that dead wood provides for dead runes, but this view differs. If you choose fruit trees, you must now decide what fruit tree (apple, orange etc.) and whether to take it while the tree is still bearing fruit or not. The same applies to tree trunks (same or different; dead or alive), and bark. Obviously, if you choose to buy wood, you won't be able to use branches, or choose to get the wood from a fruit tree. Considerations with stone are whether to get all the same types or different types, whether to make sure they are all the same size and shape or different shapes and sizes, and where to gather them from (if you decide to gather them). Buying them from a store has one other consideration, and that is that they may be unnaturally polished or varnished.
Choosing a Method
You're almost ready to get started, you just need to choose how to go about making them now. There three ways to do this:
This is really just personal preference here, carving them makes it no stronger or better than painting them, just as carving and painting makes it no stronger than doing one or the other. If you've chosen stone, carving may be difficult. The best method there is using an engraving drill with a diamond bit, but even with that it may be blunted, and diamond bits are expensive. Wood and bone is a whole lot easier, so it may be better off choosing both methods.
If you choose painting, you must choose what you are going to use:
 - Type: Will it stick to my medium? Will it last?
 - Colour: Do I want to use traditional ochre red? What colour feels right?
 - Bond: Do I mix my blood in with it to bond it to me?
Making the Set
 1. First take your medium. If it needs cutting, cut it into as many segments as there are runes in your system. You should have already made up your mind as to whether or not they will be equal segments by now. It is best to cut them into small pieces (about 3cm high, 2cm wide is perfect, but it is up to you).
 2. Spread your medium out across the table and have a sheet with your rune system nearby (the best site to print a reliable list from is _URL_ Clear your mind, mutter thanks to your God(s), pray to them, toast them, whatever - so long as you acknowledge their workings in this process.
 3. Look at the first rune in your system, then carefully choose your first medium. It doesn't have to be the left most one, the right most one, the upper or lower, just choose the one you feel is right for it (this matter less if all your mediums are the same).
 a. If you not carving skip to 3b. Carve the rune into your medium. Repeat step 3 until all runes in your set have been carved.
 b. If you are not painting skip to 4. Depending on the size of your mediums, it is best to use a thin brush. Paint the rune on your medium. Repeat step 3 until all runes in your set have been painted.
 4. If you did not paint, skip to step 5. Leave the runes to dry (time will vary depending what you used to paint them).
 5. Put your runes in a pouch and carry them around with you for the next week. Don't allow them to be too far away from you at any time during this week. After the week they will be sufficiently bonded to you, and ready for use.
Practicing Runic Magic
As I mentioned earlier, there are two ways to practice Runic Magic, Runecasting and Runescribing. The two go hand in hand, but that does not mean you cannot specialize in one or the other. I shall now describe the practices of these seperately.
Runecasting is the practice of using runes for divination. This does not mean fortune telling, clairvoyance or seeing the future in any way. According to our religion, such a thing is impossible. However, we can analyse the occurances of the past, the happenings of the present and the possibilites of the future. This works on a deep psychological and mystical level, using religious and metaphysical concepts. The best way to explain this is with the Asatru concept of the universe and the actions we take within it.
Wyrd, roughly translated, means universe. In Asatru, the Wyrd is like a huge spider web, and we are all spiders on this web, crawling across it. Even the Gods are spiders on this web, and each movement we make - each action - send a ripple across the spider web, not only affecting us, but others around us. Yes: this does mean that we mortal men can affect the Gods, just as they can affect us. Why then do the Gods affect us so much? Well, they are much bigger spiders, and send off much bigger ripples than us.
In Asatru, fate is not a simple pre-determined destiny; fate is the path that we choose to take. Sometimes our fate will be altered as we catch the ripple of another's action, but we can always regain control of our fate and steer it back on the path that we choose. We are never in bondage, we are never controlled by anyone else, we are where we want to be. Why then, you may ask, is Ragnarok all pre-determined? Because the Gods know their fate, and they choose not to stop walking that path.
Using Runecasting with Wyrd and Fate
We cannot see the future, because the future is muteable. If someone were to tell you that tomorrow you would win a million dollars off the lottery, what happens if you choose not to buy that ticket? Do you still win? Of course not. You cannot see the future, but you can see where your path, your fate, is leading you at a given time. This is what Runecasting is about, it allows you to see what path you have taken to this point in life, what path you are currently walking, and what may happen in the future if you remain on this path. If this is a negative thing, you may choose to alter your path, alter your fate.
Thus, if you were to Runecast on a subject today, and it told you that this would lead to unhappiness, you may choose to alter your fate. If you do so choose, the next day, were you to Runecast on the same subject, it would tell you that your fate would lead to something new. Runecasting is not about seeing the future, it is about understanding your fate and guiding your fate. Of course, as I mentioned earlier, others, especially Gods, can alter your fate, but with Runecasting you can identify these changes and correct it. It may not be simple, it may not be easy, but our religion is not for the weak. You must persevere to reach your goals. Now that you understand the concepts, you may begin Runecasting.
Methods of Runecasting
There is no one way to Runecast, and Runecasters usually don't learn one and stick with it. Each method has its own strengths and weaknesses; some are better for a certain subject than others; some you will find yourself more comfortable with than others. Regardless, all should be learnt and practiced if you wish to get the most of of Runecasting. There are two types (unordered {Cast} and ordered {Layout}) and a total of eight methods.
Simple Cast
This is the simplest method, and can be used for moderately broad or simple questions. Think of a question, keep it in your mind and reach into your pouch and grab a handful of runes, then cast them onto a small white cloth. Ignore any that lay on their side or land outside of the cloth. Those facing towards you are working with you, or are currently in effect, those facing down are working against you, or are no longer in effect/not yet in effect. You must interpret these runes yourself, it is completely subjective. The meanings of the runes are important, and you must learn them well, but their meaning in relation to the question you asked must be discovered for yourself.
Norns Cast
This method calls specifically on the Norns, the three minor Godesses Urdh, Godess of the Past, Verdhandi, Godess of the Present, and Skuld, Godess of the Future (these Goddesses are not Aesir or Vanir, and are relatively obscure). This is a fairly simple method also and can only answer fairly simple questions. Close your eyes and hold your question in your mind, then draw a rune from your pouch. Do not open your eyes, and place the rune on your white cloth. Repeat another two times, then, leaving your eyes closed, choose a rune and place it to the left of your cloth, choose another and place it next to the first, then place the last next to this.
Open your eyes and look at the order you placed them in. The first rune is Urdh's,


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AP Calculus Free Response Question?
On a certain workday, the rate, in tons per hour, at which unprocessed gravel arrives at a gravel processing plant is modeled by G(t)=90+45cos(t^2/18), where t is measured in hours and 0≤t≤8. At the beginning of the workday (t=0), the plant has 500 tons of unprocessed gravel. During the hours of operation, 0≤t≤8, the plant processes gravel at a constant rate of 100 tons per hour.

a) Find G'(5).
b) Find the total amount of unprocessed gravel that arrives at the plant during the hours of operation on this workday.
c) Is the amount of unprocessed gravel at the plant increasing or decreasing at time t=5 hours? Show the work that leads to your answer.
d) What's the maximum amount of unprocessed gravel at the plant during the hours of operation on this workday? Justify your answer.

Please show all your work.
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An ancient Italian town, which disappeared after its abandonment 1,500 years ago and now lies buried underground, has been mapped by researchers, revealing the location of its theatre, marketplace and other buildings.
Originally founded as a Roman colony in the 4th century BCE, the site of Interamna Lirenas lies in the Liri Valley in Southern Lazio, about 50 miles south of Rome itself. After it was abandoned around the year 500 CE, it was scavenged for building materials and, over time, its remains were completely lost from view. Today, the site is an uninterrupted stretch of farmland, with no recognisable archaeological features.
Now, researchers have successfully produced the first images of the ancient site, using geophysical methods that allowed them to look beneath the surface of the earth and map the layout of the entire settlement, which spans 25 hectares.
The resulting pictures have already thrown up a few surprises. Earlier scholars had previously imagined that the Roman town of Interamna Lirenas was something of a sleepy backwater, but the large marketplace and theatre instead suggest that, in fact, it was a bustling economic and social centre in its own right.
"Having the complete streetplan and being able to pick out individual details allows us to start zoning the settlement and examine how it worked and changed through time," Martin Millett, Laurence Professor of Classical Archaeology at the University of Cambridge and Fellow of Fitzwilliam College, said.
"It shows that this was a lively and busy place, even though most scholars have reckoned that it was marginal and stagnating. We have also carried out research in the surrounding countryside which adds to the picture because it shows that the nearby farmland was thriving as well."
The images are the result of a project which began in 2010 that aims to understand more about what happened in towns established by the Romans as colonies in Italy following her conquest. This research is led by Millett and Dr Alessandro Launaro (British Academy Postoctoral Fellow and Fellow of Darwin College) in collaboration with Dr Giovanna Rita Bellini (Director of the Archaeological Area of Interamna Lirenas, Italian State Archaeological Service), the British School at Rome and the Archaeological Prospection Services of Southampton University. It has been generously supported by the British Academy, the Faculty of Classics (University of Cambridge), the McDonald Institute of Archaeological Research (University of Cambridge) and the town of Pignataro Interamna.
Interamna Lirenas is an enticing case study because, in spite of its size, it did not expand significantly during the high point of Rome's Imperial age, meaning that it retained much of its original colonial shape and features.
Thanks to antiquarian research, archaeologists have long since known that a town existed on the site, but it has never been excavated. One reason is that until relatively recently, experts believed that all Roman colonial settlements followed the same template – something which the new pictures from Interamna Lirenas are now helping to question.
Knowing that a full-scale excavation of such a large area would be impractical, the research team decided to carry out a systematic geophysical analysis instead.
The main techniques they used were magnetometry and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). Magnetometry measures changes in the earth's magnetic field caused by different features beneath the surface, and allowed the researchers to identify the town's overall layout, many individual buildings and a wide open area in the settlement's centre – its forum or marketplace.
GPR sends electromagnetic radar waves through the soil to search for changes in its composition and the presence of structures. It does this by measuring the time in nanoseconds that elapses between a radar wave being sent and the reflected wave returning.
This technique was applied after the initial survey revealed the existence of a large building at the northern corner of the forum that the researchers could not make out. GPR analysis revealed that the building had several walls arranged in a radial pattern, creating a semicircular seating area. This conclusively proved that they were looking at the remains of a Roman theatre. Judging by its structure, it is believed to date from some time around the turn of the First Millennium.
Major public buildings of this type strongly suggest that, far from a backwater, Interamna Lirenas was in fact an important urban centre in its own right. In addition, the images add to growing evidence that Roman colonial settlements were more varied than some scholars have previously believed. As such sites are uncovered, it is becoming clear that even two colonial towns in close proximity to one another could often be quite different.
The site of Interamna Lirenas itself, for example, lies close to the remains of another settlement, Fregellae. Both were built astride the Via Latina, the principal road running south-east from Rome. Yet despite certain similarities, the new results from Interamna Lirenas reveal important differences, including the position and plan of its market-place which includes a dominant temple and adjacent theatre.
These features matter, Millett argues, because the traditional view was that each colonial settlement had a standard template so that Rome could project a certain image of itself for the benefit of a subject population. Yet the new pictures from Interamna Lirenas show how different towns were designed according to equally different ideas about how a colonial town should look, and what the community's priorities should be.
The Cambridge team is now about to embark on a five-year project which will try to confirm this conjecture, and answer other questions, using further geophysical analysis. The first proper archaeological excavation at Interamna Lirenas is now also being planned.
Further studies should also help to confirm how many people lived in the settlement at different times. "Part of our analysis involves trying to say which areas were used for housing and what types of houses they were," Millett said. "Until we have been able to do this it will be difficult to put a firm figure on the population. However, we are talking about a community of a few thousand people."
The original article has a little slide show of the work in progress and those maps that geophysical surveys provide …

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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I have trouble distinguishing between these two concepts. This is my understanding so far.
A stationary process is a stochastic process whose statistical properties do not change with time. For a strict-sense stationary process, this means that its joint probability distribution is constant; for a wide-sense stationary process, this means that its 1st and 2nd moments are constant.
An ergodic process is one where its statistical properties, like variance, can be deduced from a sufficiently long sample. E.g., the sample mean converges to the true mean of the signal, if you average long enough.
Now, it seems to me that a signal would have to be stationary, in order to be ergodic. And what kinds of signals could be stationary, but not ergodic? If a signal has the same variance for all time, for example, how could the time-averaged variance not converge to the true value?
So, what is the real distinction between these two concepts? Can you give me an example of a process that is stationary without being ergodic, or ergodic without being stationary?
share|improve this question
You might want to look at this answer to a related question. – Dilip Sarwate Jan 17 '12 at 21:31
This lecture spells it literally that ergodic is a subset of stationary. I just cannot understand what Stationary Ergodic Process article is doing in Wikipedia? Does it mean that there is non-stationary ergodic process? – Val May 17 at 16:32
5 Answers 5
up vote 11 down vote accepted
A random process is a collection of random variables, one for each time instant under consideration. Typically this may be continuous time ($-\infty < t < \infty$) or discrete time (all integers $n$, or all time instants $nT$ where $T$ is the sample interval). Stationarity refers to the distributions of the random variables, ergodicity takes into account the sample paths, i.e. what you observe physically. As you say, the average value or DC component of a sample path converges to the mean value of the process if the sample path is observed long enough, provided the process is ergodic and stationary, etc.
As an example of the difference between the two concepts, suppose that $X(t) = Y$ for all $t$ under consideration. Here $Y$ is a random variable. This is a stationary process: each $X(t)$ has the same distribution (the distribution of $Y$), same mean $E[X(t)] = E[Y]$, same variance etc.; each $X(t_1)$ and $X(t_2)$ have the same joint distribution (though it is degenerate) and so on. But the process is not ergodic because each sample path is a constant. Specifically, if a trial of the experiment (as performed by you, or by a superior being) results in $Y$ having value $\alpha$, then the sample path of the random process that corresponds to this experimental outcome has value $\alpha$ for all $t$, and the DC value of the sample path is $\alpha$, not $E[X(t)] = E[Y]$, no matter how long you observe the (rather boring) sample path. In a parallel universe, the trial would result in $Y = \beta$ and the sample path in that universe would have value $\beta$ for all $t$. It is not easy to write mathematical specifications to exclude such trivialities from the class of stationary processes, and so this remains as an example of a stationary random process that is not ergodic.
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I couldn't understand the example. If you say Y is a constant, then any path of x(t) is a constant. The mean of a constant is itself, hence E[X(t)] = E[Y] = Y. Unless I missed something. – Drazick Jan 18 '12 at 17:20
I added a few words to clarify the meaning. $Y$ is a random variable, not a constant. Its value on any trial of the experiment need not be the same as $E[Y]$. – Dilip Sarwate Jan 18 '12 at 17:40
Now I see your intention. I think it is important to note that usually the meaning of ergodic process is that by observing a single path in time one could deduce some properties of the RV as a whole. As you showed, in the above example, each path is a constant, yet the RV is a something with probability properties. Thanks for clarification. – Drazick Jan 18 '12 at 17:48
Thanks for the helpful answer. What do you think about a signal that is ergodic, but not stationary? Is that possible? – Matt Jan 23 '12 at 21:19
_USER_ In the solution of the book "communication systems" simon haykin writes that "for a random process to be ergodic it has to be stationary" – Michael Corleone Aug 17 '12 at 4:46
Let us consider a hypothetical random process where the sample functions are DC values and are different from each other:
X1(t) = constant= mean of X1(t)
X2(t) = constant= mean of X2(t)
The temporal mean of $X_1(t)$ and $X_2(t)$ are constant but not equal. if my process is stationary $X(t_1)$ and $X(t_2)$ are equal and RVs (refer Dilip's answer)
So ensemble mean of $X(t)$ is constant.
This ensemble mean is certainly not equal to the temporal mean of $X_1(t)$ and $X_2(t)$ (they themselves are not equal). This can be called a stationary but not an ergodic process.
In contrast, $X(t)=Acos(\omega t+\theta)$ where $\theta$ is an RV is ergodic.
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An ergodic process is a process for which you can substitute the ergodic mean for the temporal mean.
The real mean, variance, etc... are defined by following a process over time and averaging, etc... For instance, if you want to know the mean of my size, you would have to average it from when I am born to when I die. Obviously the later example is not a stationary process.
The ergodic mean would be if instead of following my size over time, you would freeze time, and take the mean over a sample of different individual humans. There is no reason for these two means to be the same, so the process of my size is not ergodic.
That is a bad example, but it get more important if you consider the simple case of a gas at equilibrium. For instance the mean squared velocity is noted $\bar{V^2}$ (mean over time), but is often calculated by taking the ensemble mean $\left< V^2 \right>$: the mean of the square velocity of all molecules of the gas at an instant $t$.
Most thermodynamics theorems requires to use $\bar{V^2}$, but it is more easy to compute and use $\left< V^2 \right>$. The ergodic hypothesis is the hypothesis stating that it is right to substitute one for the other. An ergodic process is a process for which the ergodic hypothesis is true.
The ergodic hypothesis is false in the general case.
share|improve this answer
I don't understand this answer. The process of Jolow's size is neither stationary nor ergodic whereas the OP was wondering if there can be a stationary process that is not ergodic. Is the answer essentially that in general the ergodic hypothesis is false and it is (sort of) universally true that the sample mean is different from the ensemble mean, just get used to it and live with it? – Dilip Sarwate Jan 17 '12 at 19:09
_USER_: after re-reading, it is a bad answer that does not answer the question, and I am considering deleting it. I was reminding my thermodynamics lectures, whereas the question was more about statistics... – Jean-Yves Jan 17 '12 at 20:00
_USER_ what is Jolow's size? – Michael Corleone Aug 17 '12 at 5:01
_USER_ I do not remember what the reference to Jolow means. My guess is that Jean-Yves posted his answer under the nom-de-plume Jolow and I used that name in my answer, and that he has since then decided to use Jean-Yves as his user name on stackexchange. Such name changes are reflected on what is displayed on the screen but are not recorded as an edit of the answer. – Dilip Sarwate Aug 17 '12 at 13:29
_USER_: you are right indeed. Jolow is just my nickname. – Jean-Yves Aug 18 '12 at 6:28
as I underestand, example below shows a ergodic and stationary process
 X1 X2 X3 | mean var...
 1 2 3 | 2 1
 2 3 1 | 2
 3 1 2 | 2
mean 2 2 2 var 1
because the mean and variance of every column is constant along the time and mean and variance of


Belfast Telegraph
Thursday 25 December 2014
Source of infection that killed three babies 'unlikely to be identified'
The source of a deadly infection at a hospital that has claimed the lives of three babies is unlikely to be identified, an expert said today.
Although staff are trying to establish how the pseudomonas bacteria entered a neonatal room at the Royal Maternity Hospital in Belfast, this could take some time and it may be eradicated before the origin has been found, according to Stephan Heeb, a senior research fellow at the School of Molecular Medical Sciences.
"The normal way to do it is to take swabs of surfaces," he said. "If they find it's heavily colonised in one area, that would be the source of the infection.
"But that takes some days to do and sometimes it's not even worth trying to find it because the urgency is to end the problem, so in practice what is likely to happen is they will disinfect without actually identifying what the source is."
The hospital's hygiene policy would stipulate that everyone washes their hands and equipment is kept clean, he said.
But it would only take one person failing to follow this to cause the kind of outbreak that has proved fatal on the Belfast hospital's ward, he added.
"The hygiene practice is very difficult to maintain and you just need one person not following that," he said. "It can be someone bringing something in on their shoes.
"What can be done is to try and improve the hygiene conditions but these things will always happen and sooner or later a bacterium slips in so it's a bit difficult.
"It's very hard to have zero risk so these things will happen occasionally. It's important it doesn't happen frequently."
The bacteria needs water to survive and proliferate so its source is likely to be an area where fluids are present, he explained.
Pseudomonas is common, he said, and the biggest cause of death among cystic fibrosis patients.
Burns victims and Aids sufferers are also susceptible to it, and babies at at risk because of their underdeveloped immune systems.
Babies in a neonatal unit who were not being breast-fed would not be receiving antibodies from their mother's milk and so would be even more susceptible, Mr Heeb added.
And he warned that while cleaning the affected room was an "excellent first measure", it was important that any equipment brought from one room to another was sterile and anyone handling suspect equipment washed their hands before entering another room.
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Top 5 Ways To Keep The Air Clean
The Clean Air Act of 1970 is a U.S. federal law intended to reduce air pollution and protect air quality. The act, which underwent a major revision in 1990, deals with ambient air pollution. The Clean Air Act sets standards for air quality that limit the amounts of various pollutants to specified levels. The law requires that EPA set standards for pollutants identified as harmful to human health and the environment. Here are 5 ways that ESGI can help you keep the air clean.
 1. Obtaining permits required by the Clean Air Act
 2. Visual Emissions (Opacity) Evaluations
 3. Conducting Industrial Air Emissions Inventories
 4. Identify problem sources and Develop Compliance Monitoring options
 5. Feasibility Evaluations
Let ESGI provide innovative solutions to fit your business challenges.
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Determination of lactose content
Knowing the exact amount of the ingredients in a product improves the quality and food safety for both consumers and producers. As the contents and ingredients have to be clearly listed on product labels, it is important for producers of dairy products to accurately determine the lactose content of the raw materials they use.
In the EU, food manufacturers are obligated by law to declare all the ingredients on the product label, clearly listed in descending order depending on the quantity. This includes lactose whenever it is knowingly used in food processing and production. The same applies if lactose is solely used as a carrier substance, for example for aromas or spice blends. As a consequence, the determination of the lactose content is highly important in the inspection of incoming goods, during the production process and in the final product to ensure quality and food safety, and to conform to legal requirements.
Lactose, a characteristic carbohydrate in milk, is metabolized by all mammals via an enzymatic reaction to form glucose and galactose, which the body needs for energy. Milk sugar, as lactose is also commonly referred to, is contained in the milk of mammals in various amounts, from about 4.8% in cow milk to approximately 6.3% in sheep's milk. Human milk contains 7.0% lactose. Also, the lactose content of dairy products varies depending on the processing. In concentrated and dried products, for example, it increases proportionally to the dry substance, whereas it is lower in fermented products. Knowledge of this is an essential part of manufacturing dairy products, particularly as dry lactose powder is often used (e.g. in the production of cheese, yoghurt, chocolate). Sometimes, however, this knowledge is not enough and further information is required.
The polarimetric approach
Polarimetry makes it possible to determine the lactose content in powders prepared from milk, whey or from raw lactose. However, this method cannot be used to determine the lactose content in milk or lactose-free milk.
Before starting the polarimetric measurement, the powders need to be dissolved in water. Fats and proteins, which basically cause the typical white color in milk, have to be removed as they would otherwise interfere with the light beam in the polarimeter. After this nothing stands in the way of determining the lactose content polarimetrically based on the optical activity of lactose. A precise measurement can be obtained with for instance an MCP polarimeter from Anton Paar with accuracy better than 0.002° optical rotation. These measurement results are then used to list the ingredients for different food products.
In dry powders like raw lactose often not only the percentage of lactose but also its crystallization stage is of interest. Here there is a difference between alpha lactose and beta lactose. After removing fats and proteins by using a Carrez solution as the clarifying agent, the polarimetric measurement of the optical rotation is done directly or even the next day. From this measurement data the content of alpha lactose and beta lactose, as well as the content of alpha-lactose monohydrate in the milk powder can be determined.
Determining the lactose content requires the sample to be free of other optically active sugars. Therefore, this method is not suitable for the determination of powders based on lactose-free milk because these powders contain glucose and galactose as a result of enzymatic lactose cleavage.
For all consumers, the determination of lactose content in dry powders contributes to the product quality as well as the food safety of resulting products.
The determination of the lactose content can be done using MCP polarimeters from Anton Paar. This ensures the quality of many dairy products based on milk powders and guarantees the correct declaration of the ingredients that also provides information on the lactose content for consumers.


text:
Aleph Farms, purveyor of cultivated beef steaks, hasn't stopped at just producing steak without the cow. Now the company is expanding its product line to include a platform for manufacturing cell-cultured collagen. Aleph's highly differentiated, integrated strategy to develop a complete alternative to animals in intensive animal farming stems from its inclusive vision to supplement sustainable, but less productive, livestock agriculture practices.
"The cellular agriculture industry has made greater promises to replace a large part of intensive animal farming practices, which make up to 70% of the global meat production. Cultivated meat, however, is only part of that solution as meat represents just 30-35% of the cow that is slaughtered. The rest include many other valuable by-products. To achieve our vision, we need to provide alternatives to the other animal parts as well, including collagen-based products," says Didier Toubia, co-founder and CEO of Aleph Farms. "Focusing on single categories of animal products does not account for the complexity of the animal agriculture ecosystem. The protein transition should rely on a systems-based approach to successfully contribute to a comprehensive, just and inclusive meat sector transition."
Prototype of Aleph Farms' cell-cultured collagen, coming to market in 2024. Photo courtesy Aleph Farms
Conventional collagen is produced by boiling and processing cow's hides and bones, and is widely used in a range of industries—from nutraceuticals to cosmetics and beyond. Aleph Farms' patented, cultivated collagen offers attributes of natural animal-based collagen.
Aleph Frontiers, a division of Aleph Farms' research center, is focused on the development of new technologies and products for eventual commercialization. As the first product to emerge from the company's newly revealed incubator, and following 18 months of research by an expert team, Aleph's collagen is now moving to full product development stage and should launch in 2024.
"We are leveraging key components from our production method for steaks—including our bovine cell sources and animal component-free growth medium—to produce several nature-identical collagen types directly from cow cells, as well as the entire extracellular matrix (ECM) which comprises a variety of fiber-forming proteins and represents the complete matrix of skin, bones and joints," says Dr. Neta Lavon, CTO and VP of R&D at Aleph Farms. "Collagen is the most abundant protein in the ECM and is well recognized for its benefits."
This announcement follows the company's expansion to its new cultured-beef steaks pilot production plant. Both platforms largely share similar inputs and equipment—and present operational and cost-reduction synergies.
More FE stories on cultured meats, proteins
"Cell-by date: The state of cultivated meat," March 8, 2022
"What's in a Name?" March 9, 2022
"Cultured meat that looks and handles like real meat," February 14, 2022

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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wid
INTEGER
The ID of the workspace associated with the task.
Replication Method :
Key-based Incremental
Replication Key :
updated
Primary Key :
id
API endpoint :
Get detailed report
The time_entries table contains info about time entries. Note: This table uses an attribution window to replicate data. Refer to the Replicating time entry data section for more info.
Time entries and user permissions
The time entries Stitch replicates are dependent upon the user whose API token is used to create the integration in Stitch. Stitch is only able to access the same data as the user whose token is used.
For example: If the user is unable to access a workspace, or is not an Admin in that workspace, Stitch will not be able to replicate time entry data for those workspaces. In this case, only the user's own time entries will be accessible by Stitch.
If data from a workspace is missing, verify that the user whose API token is being used in Stitch has Admin permissions in that workspace.
id
INTEGER
The time entry ID.
updated
DATE-TIME
The date and time the time entry was last updated.
billable
NUMBER
The billed amount for the time entry.
client
STRING
The client name for which the time entry was recorded.
cur
STRING
The billable amount currency.
description
STRING
The description of the time entry.
dur
INTEGER
The time entry duration in milliseconds.
end
DATE-TIME
The end time of the time entry inISO 8601 date and time format.
is_billable
BOOLEAN
Indicates if the time entry is billable or not.
pid
INTEGER
The ID of the project associated with the time entry.
Reference:
project
STRING
The name of the project for which the time entry was recorded.
start
DATE-TIME
The start time of the time entry inISO 8601 date and time format.
tags
A list of tag names associated with the time entry.
If your destination doesn't natively support nested data, this data may be denested into a subtable named time_entries__tags. Refer to the Singer schema for details on possible attributes.
_sdc_source_key_id
INTEGER
The time entry ID.
_sdc_level_0_id
INTEGER
This column forms part of a composite key for the table. The value will auto-increment for each unique record, beginning with 0.
value
STRING
The name of the tag.
task
STRING
The task name for which the time entry was recorded.
tid
INTEGER
The ID of the task associated with the time entry.
Reference:
uid
INTEGER
The ID of the user associated with the time entry.
Reference:
use_stop
BOOLEAN
Indicates if the stop time is saved on the time entry according to the user's personal settings.
user
STRING
The full name of the user associated with the time entry.
Replication Method :
Key-based Incremental
Replication Key :
at
Primary Key :
id
API endpoint :
Get workspace users
The users table contains info about the users in your Toggl account.
id
INTEGER
The user ID.
Reference:
at
DATE-TIME
The date and time the user was last updated.
beginning_of_week
INTEGER
The user's beginning of the week. Possible values are:
 - 0 - Sunday
 - 1 - Monday
 - 2 - Tuesday
 - 3 - Wednesday
 - 4 - Thursday
 - 5 - Friday
 - 6 - Saturday
date_format
STRING
The date format the user uses.
default_wid
INTEGER
The ID of the user's default workspace.
Reference:
email
STRING
The user's email address.
fullname
STRING
The user's full name.
image_url
STRING
The URL of the user's profile picture.
invitation
STRING
jquery_date_format
STRING
The jQuery date format.
jquery_timeofday_format
STRING
The jQuery time of day format.
language
STRING
The user's language.
new_blog_post
STRING
record_timeline
BOOLEAN
render_timeline
BOOLEAN
retention
INTEGER
should_upgrade
BOOLEAN
sidebar_piechart
BOOLEAN
Indicates if the user will have a pie chart shown in their sidebar in the Toggl app.
store_start_and_stop_time
BOOLEAN
Indicates whether start and stop times are saved on time entries.
timeline_enabled
BOOLEAN
timeline_experiment
BOOLEAN
timeofday_format
STRING
The formatting used for the time of day for the user.
Replication Method :
Key-based Incremental
Replication Key :
at
Primary Key :
id
API endpoint :
Get workspace users for a workspace
The workspace_users table contains info about the users in a workspace.
id
INTEGER
The workspace user ID.
at
DATE-TIME
The date and time the workspace user was last updated.
active
BOOLEAN
Indicates if the workspace user has accepted the invitation to the workspace.
admin
BOOLEAN
Indicates if the user is a workspace admin.
email
STRING
The workspace user's email address.
invite_url
STRING
The URL for accepting the workspace invitation, if the user hasn't yet accepted the invitation.
name
STRING
The name of the workspace user.
uid
INTEGER
The ID of the user associated with the workspace user.
Reference:
wid
INTEGER
The ID of the workspace associated with the workspace user.
Reference:
Questions? Feedback?
Did this article help? If you have questions or feedback, feel free to submit a pull request with your suggestions, open an issue on GitHub, or reach out to us.


text:
Here's your Venn diagram:
All of the colored regions (red and blue), taken together, represent the event $A \cup B.$
The event $A \cap B$ is represented by the red region alone.
This shows that $A \cap B \subseteq A \cup B$; everything in the intersection of the sets is also in their union.
You can't be in $A\cap B$ without also being in $A \cup B.$
It follows that $P(A\cap B) \leq P(A \cup B).$ This is always true.
Now what can we conclude if it is also true that
$P(A\cup B) \leq P(A \cap B)$?
If both inequalities are true, we can put them together like this:
$$P(A\cap B) \leq P(A \cup B)\leq P(A \cap B).$$
Notice how we have $P(A \cap B)$ on both ends. That is, we have a chain of inequalities like this: $x \leq y \leq x.$
The only way for this to be true is if $x = y.$
Conclusion: $P(A\cap B) = P(A \cup B).$
The probability of anything occurring in the blue regions is zero.
The only way for any of the events $A$, $B$, or $A\cup B$ to occur is when $A\cap B$ occurs; and if $A\cap B$ occurs then the other three events have also occurred.
Since all four events either occur together or none of them occurs,
we have $P(A\cap B) = P(A \cup B) = P(A) = P(B).$


text:
Issue 15 (4) 2016 pp. 353-367
NUMERICAL MODELING OF HYDRODYNAMICS AS A TOOL FOR DESIGN OF THE LEISURE AND SPORT WATER STRUCTURES
Keywords: mathematical modeling, hydrodynamics, hydraulic engineering, leisure, sport, security, designing
The paper presents the possibility of application of numerical simulations to design of water leisure and sport objects. People in waterparks, sportsmen and fans expect exceptional experience in the water objects together with guarantee of safety. It strongly depends on water flow hydrodynamics. In order to properly fit geometric and hydraulic parameters of objects as wild river slides and white water courses for canoeing, there is a need to analyses the structure of water flow. The forecasting of hydraulic local effects, as well as precise estimation of water depth and flow velocity are necessary for proper design of configuration of any water course. The numerical simulation was proposed in the paper to achieve the goal. As the mathematical model of the free surface flow, the shallow water equations were assumed. In order to solve the equations the numerical scheme based on finite volume method was applied. As the example applications, the numerical analysis of the water flow along "wild river" water slide in waterpark in Sopot and whitewater course in Drzewica were presented. The results of flow simulation seem reliable, what makes possible to recommend this type of approach to designers of water attractions, which is the main conclusion resulting from this work.
|MLA||Szydłowski, Michał. "NUMERICAL MODELING OF HYDRODYNAMICS AS A TOOL FOR DESIGN OF THE LEISURE AND SPORT WATER STRUCTURES." Acta Sci.Pol. Form. Cir. 15.4 (2016): 353-367. _URL_
|APA||(2016). . Acta Sci.Pol. Form. Cir. 15 (4), 353-367 _URL_
|ISO 690||SZYDłOWSKI, Michał. NUMERICAL MODELING OF HYDRODYNAMICS AS A TOOL FOR DESIGN OF THE LEISURE AND SPORT WATER STRUCTURES. Acta Sci.Pol. Form. Cir., 2016, 15.4: 353-367. _URL_


text:
This new monitoring system for critical vessels uses thermal imaging cameras to provide higher measurement density than traditional systems based on thermocouples. The Critical Vessel Monitoring System from Land Instruments International Ltd, a unit of Ametek Inc., measures surface temperature once every 16 cu cm, as compared with one measurement every 250 cu cm in typical thermocouple systems.
By measuring temperatures in more locations, the system allows for earlier detection of refractory wear or breakdown. Benefits include greater protection against catastrophic vessel failure and extension of refractory lifetime based on actual data.
The system is optimized for use in gasifiers and other critical vessels in petrochemical refining, power generation, chemical and coal processing, waste management, and fertilizer and plastics production.
Industrial cameras suitable for harsh environments are placed to view all parts of the vessel including the critical cone and dome sections. Each camera records over 110,000 individual measurements, ensuring that even the smallest degradation can be detected.
Measurements from all cameras are reported using graphical software that signals an alarm if a potential breakout is detected. The software also compiles temperature trends to support statistical analysis of refractory wear. An integrated web interface allows visualization of current vessel conditions from all plant locations.
The system supports operating efficiency by allowing installation and maintenance to be performed without shutting down the process.
For more information, visit _URL_ or _URL_.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


By Tracey Bryant Office of Communications and Marketing
Salt. It's toxic to most plants. So as sea water washes onto farmland during coastal storms or turns irrigation water brackish, how will farmers fare? Traditional crops like corn and soybeans have little tolerance for salt water; they simply wither and die.
Jack Gallagher and Denise Seliskar, marine botanists in UD's College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, are experts on halophytes, plants that grow in wet, salty conditions. In the Halophyte Solutions Laboratory at the Hugh R. Sharp Campus in Lewes, and in nearby test plots outside, the researchers are working to develop seashore mallow, a native marsh plant known scientifically as Kosteletzkya pentacarpos, into a new salt-tolerant crop.
When it blooms in August and September, seashore mallow is easy to spot in Mid-Atlantic marshes — just look for the two-inch, pink, hibiscus-like flowers.
Yet seashore mallow is not only attractive, it also provides valuable products and services, the UD researchers have discovered, from biofuel and animal food to a vegetative buffer for land that otherwise would be left barren and eventually attract invasive plants.
"Seashore mallow produces seeds that are 18 percent oil by weight — oil that can be used to make biodiesel fuel," Gallagher says. "Once the oil is extracted from the seeds, about 32 percent of what is left is protein that can be used in animal feed."
The "straw" or stem of seashore mallow can be used as a feedstock for producing fiber products, such as oil-absorbent pellets, small mammal bedding, a hydroseeding medium for planting grass on road banks and even an organic kitty litter.
Seashore mallow offers a variety of other pluses to farmers facing the challenge of keeping bayside farmland productive in the face of sea level rise. As a perennial, seashore mallow is more sustainable than traditional oil seed crops because it does not need to be planted every year. And the plant's substantial root system serves as a "carbon sink" in the soil, meaning it offsets the additions the oil releases into the atmosphere when used for fuel.
Gallagher points out other advantages: as a marsh plant, seashore mallow is naturally flood-tolerant, and its deep root system makes it drought tolerant. Also, traditional farm machinery can be used to plant and harvest it.
According to Gallagher, seashore mallow can be a big aid to coastal farms.
"Planting seashore mallow will enable farmland to remain agriculturally and economically viable for a longer period than if no such halophytic crop is planted while maintaining a nutrient-absorbing buffer between farmland and the marsh fringing the bay," he says.
The hunt for "Pink August"
The UD team recently undertook a major reconnaissance mission along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts to find and collect seashore mallow for a selection and breeding program. Although easy to spot when in bloom, the plant is difficult to identify at other times because it's not a dominant plant in most marshes.
To increase their chances of finding the plant, the researchers visited numerous herbaria, some with specimens reaching back to the 1800s, to learn where their seashore mallow had been collected. Then a volunteer, Dave Lewis, used Google Earth to locate the sites on a map. When the scientists got to the locations and actually found plants, they used GPS to pinpoint the specific collection sites.
They collected both whole plants and seeds, storing them in a plastic box cooled with ice, until they returned to the Lewes campus. There, biologist Donna Hamilton continues to care for the plants in the greenhouse. Offspring of these plants are now growing in field plots irrigated with fresh and salt water.
Even though Gallagher officially retired last year, the professor emeritus comes into the laboratory every day just as he always has, eager to continue the research. The team is now studying the seashore mallow specimens and making crosses among them to develop a superior plant line with all the characteristics desired for a salt-tolerant biofuel, feed and fiber crop.
Gallagher says, "I view seashore mallow as the 'pig of the plant world', having everything but the squeal useful."
Petal Power
There's often a correlation between the number of flower petals and the number of seeds a plant yields. Although Linnaeus gave seashore mallow its species name (pentacarpos) for five, the UD team has found specimens with six petals, which generally yield six seeds. This trait is actively being selected in UD plant breeding programs.
In the pink
The bright pink, two-inch flowers of seashore mallow (Kosteletzkya pentacarpos) resemble those of a hibiscus. The blooms are a favorite of bees and hummingbirds.


text:
Antarctica, Oil and Leaseback: Britain's Strategic Interests in the Falklands (1979 to 2 April 1982)
- 202 Downloads
This chapter looks at British economic and strategic interests in the Falklands during the Thatcher years. It provides evidence that British oil companies and the British government were very interested in potential oil deposits around the Falkland Islands. It shows that ministers considered the prospects for British access to oil and marine resources at every stage of the sovereignty negotiations with Argentina, challenging most British interpretations, which assert that domestic political factors were the government's only consideration. It reveals that ministers feared that losing the Falklands War could weaken Britain's claim to Antarctica—indicating that strategic factors were taken into account in the conflict. This chapter examines differing attitudes within the British elite towards the Falklands dispute and discusses whether the war could have been avoided.


(name)
The concrete implementation of TBuffer for writing/reading to/from a ROOT file or socket.
Definition TBufferFile.h:47
Buffer base class used for serializing objects.
Definition TBuffer.h:43
@ kCannotHandleMemberWiseStreaming
Definition TBuffer.h:76
virtual void WriteFastArray(const Bool_t *b, Long64_t n)=0
virtual UInt_t WriteVersion(const TClass *cl, Bool_t useBcnt=kFALSE)=0
TClass instances represent classes, structs and namespaces in the ROOT type system.
Definition TClass.h:81
void Streamer(void *obj, TBuffer &b, const TClass *onfile_class=nullptr) const
Definition TClass.h:607
Bool_t CanSplit() const
Return true if the data member of this TClass can be saved separately.
Definition TClass.cxx:2319
Bool_t HasCustomStreamerMember() const
The class has a Streamer method and it is implemented by the user or an older (not StreamerInfo based...
Definition TClass.h:508
Int_t Size() const
Return size of object of this class.
Definition TClass.cxx:5704
TVirtualStreamerInfo * GetStreamerInfo(Int_t version=0, Bool_t isTransient=kFALSE) const
returns a pointer to the TVirtualStreamerInfo object for version If the object does not exist,...
Definition TClass.cxx:4599
TVirtualCollectionProxy * GetCollectionProxy() const
Return the proxy describing the collection (if any).
Definition TClass.cxx:2897
An array of clone (identical) objects.
A ROOT file is composed of a header, followed by consecutive data records (TKey instances) with a wel...
Definition TFile.h:53
@ k630forwardCompatibility
Definition TFile.h:190
The TNamed class is the base class for all named ROOT classes.
Definition TNamed.h:29
const char * GetName() const override
Returns name of object.
Definition TNamed.h:47
void Streamer(TBuffer &) override
Stream an object of class TObject.
const char * GetTitle() const override
Returns title of object.
Definition TNamed.h:48
TObject ** GetObjectRef() const
Definition TObjArray.h:63
Mother of all ROOT objects.
Definition TObject.h:41
R__ALWAYS_INLINE Bool_t TestBit(UInt_t f) const
Definition TObject.h:199
virtual UInt_t GetUniqueID() const
Return the unique object id.
Definition TObject.cxx:457
virtual void Streamer(TBuffer &)
Stream an object of class TObject.
Definition TObject.cxx:888
virtual const char * ClassName() const
Returns name of class to which the object belongs.
Definition TObject.cxx:207
virtual void Warning(const char *method, const char *msgfmt,...) const
Issue warning message.
Definition TObject.cxx:973
virtual void Error(const char *method, const char *msgfmt,...) const
Issue error message.
Definition TObject.cxx:987
@ kIsReferenced
if object is referenced by a TRef or TRefArray
Definition TObject.h:65
A TProcessID identifies a ROOT job in a unique way in time and space.
Definition TProcessID.h:74
static TProcessID * GetProcessWithUID(const TObject *obj)
static function returning a pointer to TProcessID with its pid encoded in the highest byte of obj->Ge...
A TRefTable maintains the association between a referenced object and the parent object supporting th...
Definition TRefTable.h:35
static TRefTable * GetRefTable()
Static function returning the current TRefTable.
virtual Int_t Add(Int_t uid, TProcessID *context=nullptr)
Add a new uid to the table.
Definition TRefTable.cxx:88
virtual const char * GetFullName() const
Return element name including dimensions, if any Note that this function stores the name into a stati...
virtual TClass * GetClassPointer() const
Returns a pointer to the TClass of this element.
void ls(Option_t *option="") const override
Print the content of the element.
const char * GetTypeName() const
TClass * fClass
Not Owned.
TMemberStreamer * fStreamer
Not Owned.
Describes a persistent version of a class.
Int_t fNfulldata
!number of elements
Int_t WriteBufferSTL(TBuffer &b, TVirtualCollectionProxy *cont, Int_t nc)
Write for STL container. ('first' is an id between -1 and fNfulldata).
TCompInfo ** fCompFull
![fElements->GetEntries()]
@ kArtificial
Cache the value in memory than is not part of the object but is accessible via a SchemaRule.
@ kUChar
Equal to TDataType's kchar.
Int_t fNdata
!number of optimized elements
TClass * IsA() const override
TClass * fClass
!pointer to class
TCompInfo ** fCompOpt
![fNdata]
void Streamer(TBuffer &) override
Stream an object of class TStreamerInfo.
Int_t WriteBuffer(TBuffer &b, char *pointer, Int_t first)
General Write.
Int_t WriteBufferClones(TBuffer &b, TClonesArray *clones, Int_t nc, Int_t first, Int_t eoffset)
Write for ClonesArray ('first' is an id between -1 and fNfulldata).
Int_t WriteBufferAux(TBuffer &b, const T &arr, TCompInfo *const *const compinfo, Int_t first, Int_t last, Int_t narr, Int_t eoffset, Int_t mode)
The object at pointer is serialized to the buffer b if (arrayMode & 1) ptr is a pointer to array of p...
Int_t WriteBufferSTLPtrs(TBuffer &b, TVirtualCollectionProxy *cont, Int_t nc, Int_t first, Int_t eoffset)
Write for STL container.
Basic string class.
Definition TString.h:139
Wrapper around an object and giving indirect access to its content even if the object is not of a cla...
RAII helper class that ensures that PushProxy() / PopProxy() are called when entering / leaving a C++...
Defines a common interface to inspect/change the contents of an object that represents a collection.
virtual TStreamerInfoActions::TActionSequence * GetWriteMemberWiseActions()=0
virtual TClass * GetValueClass() const =0
If the value type is a user-defined class, return a pointer to the TClass representing the value type...
virtual DeleteTwoIterators_t GetFunctionDeleteTwoIterators(Bool_t read=kTRUE)=0
virtual UInt_t Size() const =0
Return the current number of elements in the container.
static const Int_t fgIteratorArenaSize
The size of a small buffer that can be allocated on the stack to store iterator-specific information.
virtual CreateIterators_t GetFunctionCreateIterators(Bool_t read=kTRUE)=0
Return a pointer to a function that can create an iterator pair, where each iterator points to the be...
static Bool_t GetStreamMemberWise()
Return whether the TStreamerInfos will save the collections in "member-wise" order whenever possible.
Double_t x[n]
Definition legend1.C:17
const Int_t n
Definition legend1.C:16
Definition file.py:1
Definition first.py:1
TLine l
Definition textangle.C:4


text:
If you think you would enjoy a job in healthcare, Medical billing and coding schools in Chugach Heights, AK will allow you to get going right now.
Training programs can be completed in as little as 12 months to 2 years, and graduates immediately become eligible to take the test for professional certification after the programs.
Requirements and Training Schools
Medical Billing and Coding Schools and Requirements
Becoming a Medical Insurance Coding Specialist has a few requirements. You have to meet the minimum age requirement, along with having a H.S. diploma or equivalent.
Leading Medical Coding Programs in Alaska
What You Will Learn in Coding and Billing Schools
As soon as it is the right time to decide on which medical billing and coding school you're likely to attend, there are various details that you could consider looking over. As soon as you begin looking around, you can find a lot of classes, but just what must you try to look for when choosing medical coding and billing certification programs? Definitely, the main aspect of any program is that it needs to have the appropriate official recognition from the Alaska State Board or an organization like the American Health Information Management Association. Although not as vital as the school's accreditation status, you should probably evaluate several of the following factors as well:
- Work placement assistance
- Internet reports of the programs or training school
- Exactly how does the fee for the course look when compared with matching training programs?
Is it a Requirement That One Gets Their Certification?
The AAPC National Advisory Board demands certification for all future CBCSs.
Other useful Accreditations Available Inside the Medical Coding Field
The (RHIA) exam is known as a qualification for the potential to coordinate healthcare information of patients and patient health information and data. The Registered Medical Info Admin accreditation will be able to open more work opportunities mainly because of the range of employment and need for the position.
The CMRS test or Accredited Medical related Reimbursement Specialist assessment, The American Medical Billers Association (AMBA) features this accreditation to have an improved qualifications portfolio meant for work improvements.
(CPC) Certified Professional Coding Credentials
Licensed Pro Coder Payer CPC-P
Certified Professional Coder Apprentice (CPC-A)
Accredited Professional Coder Hospital (CPC-H)
As you have seen there are loads of chances with regard to professional improvement in this helpful fast expanding medicine and health area.
Job and Wages Perspective
Probability for Landing a Job as a Certified Billing Specialist in Alaska
The requirement for new Certified Coding Specialists is predicted to increase substantially per official figures provided by O*Net Online. New job opportunities are predicted to grow faster than average with a significant expansion through the end of the decade. These particular numbers signify a unique chance for anyone who is interested in getting into the nursing profession.
Now You Have the Knowledge Necessary for Success!
With the information we have provided, you should be set to pick out Medical coding and billing schools and become a Medical Coding Specialist!


text:
Fast and accurate CT dose measurements
Piranha is a universal X-ray dosimeter, a new generation device for monitoring the electrical and radiation parameters of X-ray machines. The Piranha CT measures and presents all parameters instantly and simultaneously. It measures kVp, Time, Total Filtration, CTDI parameters, dose length product, and presents Waveform.
Several important parameters can also be measured such as CTDI100, CTDIw, CTDIvol, DLP, FWHM, Geometric efficiency, and tube current variations.
The unique feature of the Piranha CT X-ray meter makes it possible to check the position of the detector before measuring. By using the Position Check function, you can verify that the detector area is fully irradiated. Possible field inhomogeneities are also neutralized.
Request a free consultation today!


to undergo testing, making the process easier for you.
2. Rapid Results Rapid Results: Local pregnancy testing facilities usually provide quick results. You can anticipate receiving the results quickly which allows you to make informed choices and plan accordingly.
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4. Privacy The local pregnancy testing centers place a high priority on your privacy and security. They are aware of the delicate nature of pregnancy tests and will make sure that your personal data is protected.
5. Access to additional services: Many pregnancy testing centers offer additional services, such as counseling, prenatal care referrals as well as educational sources. If the test results are positive, they can guide you through the next steps and help you connect with appropriate healthcare providers.
6. Emotional Support: Tests for pregnancy services usually have personnel who are experienced in providing emotional support. They can provide a sympathetic ears, compassionate guidance, and a variety of resources to help you navigate your emotions and concerns in this period.
7. Community Resources: Local testing centers are generally well-connected to community institutions and resources that could assist you in any way. Pregnancy test shops near me. They can refer individuals to help groups or classes for parents financial aid programs as well as other pertinent services in your region.

HIV Testing Near Me – Pregnancy Test Shops Near Me
The process of getting HIV test results near you has numerous benefits and important features. Here are some essential ones:
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It's important to know that the specific benefits and features can differ depending on the testing center and healthcare system in your region. It is recommended to investigate local testing facilities or speak health professionals to know the services available to you.

Test Digestion Near Me – Pregnancy Test Shops Near Me
Finding a nearby digestion test can offer several advantages and features that help identify and address digestion issues effectively. Here are a few principal benefits and features:
1. Accurate Diagnosis: Digestion testing can provide a more precise diagnosis of digestive problems. It can help identify the root of the problem by studying various aspects of digestion, including the microbiome of the gut, enzyme deficiencies issues, foods sensitivities and malabsorption problems.
2. Individualized Treatment: By identifying the particular digestive problems testing is able to allow medical professionals to design individual treatment plans. This customized approach assists in addressing the root causes behind digestive issues, resulting in better and more targeted treatments.
3. Improved Digestive Health: Getting a digestion testing near you can help improve overall digestion health by revealing any potential imbalances or abnormalities. Finding and addressing the issues can lead to improved digestion, absorption of nutrients, and gut function. This can help with symptoms such as bloating, constipation, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
4. Identification of Food Sensitivities: The digestive testing often includes assessments for food sensitivities or intolerances. Finding specific foods that trigger digestive symptoms allows individuals to make educated choices regarding their diet and avoid or limit certain foods that cause discomfort, resulting in symptom relief and improved overall health.
5. The Gut Microbiome Assessment: Many digestion tests include a comprehensive study of the gut microbiome, which is the multi-faceted community of microorganisms that reside within the digestion tract. Knowing the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome could give valuable insight into digestive health and may assist in implementing interventions such as probiotic supplementation or changes to diet to promote a healthy microbiome.
6. The Preventive Health care: Diagestion tests are useful for preventive health care, even if there aren't evident digestive symptoms. The early detection of potential problems can allow for proactive intervention to stop the development or recurrence of digestive disorders that can contribute to the long-term health of your digestive system.
7. Relief from Chronic Conditions for those suffering from chronic digestive problems such as IBS, (IBS), Crohn's disease, or celiac disease, tests for digestion can provide important information to manage their condition more efficiently. Identifying specific triggers and tailoring treatment strategies can lead to the reduction of symptoms and an improvement in health.
8. Nutritional Optimization: Digestion testing could shed light on malnutrition or deficiencies in nutrient intake which could affect overall health. With this information, healthcare professionals can provide targeted nutritional recommendations or suggest suitable supplements to improve nutritional status and support general health.
It's crucial to consult an expert in your field of healthcare or gastroenterologist to determine what tests for digestion are best suited for your particular needs and symptoms. They can guide you through the procedure and interpret the results with precision, so that you receive the best possible care and treatment.

TB Blood Test Near Me – Pregnancy Test Shops Near Me
Finding a TB test near you can provide many benefits and advantages such as:
1. Convenience: By selecting the nearest testing location You will save time and effort in commuting to far-off locations. This makes it easy to get to the testing center, making the procedure more convenient.
2. Timing: Prompt testing is crucial in tuberculosis (TB). By opting for a nearby testing facility, you can quickly schedule an appointment and get your test done promptly. Early detection is crucial to successful treatment and decreasing the spread of the disease.
3. Expertise: Local testing centers usually have skilled healthcare professionals who specialize in testing for TB. They are skilled in administering appropriate tests and interpret results correctly, and giving the appropriate guidance.
4. Confidentiality: Choosing a nearby testing facility will allow you to ensure confidentiality. Pregnancy test shops near me. If privacy is an issue it is possible to choose a center where your personal information is secured, guaranteeing your privacy while protecting sensitive medical information.
5. Accessibility to resources Accessibility to Resources: Local testing centers typically have access to additional resources for TB, such as educational materials, support groups, or referrals to specialists if required. These resources will help improve your knowledge about the disease and offer assistance during your treatment and testing journey.
6. Follow-up Treatment If your results from a TB test indicate the need for further examination or treatment staying close to the testing facility simplifies the process of getting follow-up treatment. It lets you easily consult with healthcare providers and continue receiving ongoing monitoring and treatment if necessary.
7. Community Support: Going to a nearby testing facility contributes to the community's help and support for public health initiatives. Pregnancy test shops near me. If you take a test locally, it allows you to actively take part in stopping transmission of TB within your locality as well as protecting the health of everyone near you.

Thyroid Testing Near Me – Pregnancy Test Shops Near Me
Finding a thyroid test close to you offers several features and benefits:
1. Accurate Diagnosis: Thyroid testing helps in accurately diagnosing thyroid problems. It determines the amount of hormones that regulate thyroid function (T3 T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the blood of your specialists to determine the health of your thyroid gland.
2. Early identification of Disorders Thyroid diseases like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, may present with subtle symptoms or initially present with symptoms that are not specific. Pregnancy test shops near me. Thyroid tests can help in


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Community-Based Adaptation in Practice
This paper documents CARE's current practice of Community-Based Adaptation (CBA) to climate change and shows how, increasingly, elements of the approach are evolving and being integrated into other development sectors. This synthesis of 16 CBA project examples from Africa, Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean informs an ongoing process to update CARE's various tools and approaches to CBA for practitioner use.
CARE promotes Community-Based Adaptation to climate change because we believe it to be a highly effective approach for the following reasons:
 - Generating adaptation strategies with communities and other local stakeholders improves the uptake and sustainability of the process because communities develop a strong sense of ownership and their priorities are met.
 - Enhancing communities' awareness and understanding of climate change and uncertainty enables them to create responsive plans and make more flexible and context-appropriate decisions.
 - Embedding new knowledge and understanding into existing community structures expands and strengthens those structures as well as institutional mechanisms.


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In the 1930s and '40s, the sandhill crane had nearly been wiped out. However, efforts to save it have yielded a big comeback.
More than a century ago, tens of thousands of the majestic birds graced Michigan's fields and marshes. Red heads flashing, wide wings flapping, they soared in each spring from the South and stayed through mid-December to dance and breed, filling the woodlands with their trumpeting chortles.
Then, sandhill cranes nearly disappeared from Michigan. Killed by hunters and driven away by the destruction of their habitats, the cranes' numbers plunged to just a few dozen by the 1930s and 1940s.
But in an extraordinary comeback story, Michigan's tallest bird is rebounding from extinction,...


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This animation demonstrates how microwave ovens work.
microwave oven, microwave, household appliance, kitchen appliance, electromagnetic, magnetron, heating, water molecule, heat flow, wave, technology, physics
This animation shows the characteristics of domestic light sources, from traditional light bulbs to LED lights.
The American electrical engineer Edison invented the incandescent light bulb in 1879, which changed our everyday life.
Trolleybuses and streetcars are environment-friendly means of public transportation
An air conditioner cools the air inside by drawing heat away and releasing it outside.
This animation demonstrates how cell phones work.
This animation demonstrates how electric steam irons work.
This animation demonstrates the structure and operation of electron microscopes.
A liquid-crystal display utilises the light modulating properties of liquid crystals.
The vacuum cleaner creates a partial vacuum and sucks up dust with the help of the incoming high-pressure air.
This animation demonstrates how a washing machine works.
This animation demonstrates how a refrigerator works.
One of the most important components of the microwave oven is the magnetron, which produces the microwaves.
This physicist-inventor and electrical engineer who mainly dealt with electrotechnics was undoubtedly one of the most brilliant figures of the second...
In a passive house a comfortable inner temperature can be ensured without the use of traditional heating and cooling systems.
Waves play an extremely important role in many areas of our lives.
Water is a very stable compound of hydrogen and oxygen, vital for all known forms of life. In nature it occurs in liquid, solid and gaseous state.


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There's no standardized way to verify if an application is cloud-native or not. There also isn't a standardized way to tell if a modern enterprise application can be legitimately described as a microservice.
In this quiz, test your knowledge of what it means to write cloud-native microservices that comply with the 12-factor app principles.
As a quick review, the following are the 12-factor app principles:
- code base
- backing services
- build, release, run
- port binding
- dev/prod parity
- admin processes


Fires in southern India
This Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ( MODIS ) image of southern and central India was captured on March 15, 2004 by NASAs Aqua satellite. Across the country, numerous fires are burning and have been marked in red in the image. Blue-gray smoke floats around the fires, particularly along the northeastern and southwestern coasts. In the bottom part of the scene, fires line the foothills of the Western (left) and Eastern (right) Ghats Mountains. In the top of the scene, the fires are predominantly located near rivers. The widespread nature of the fires and the time of year suggests that these fires are being set intentionally for agricultural purposes. Though these fires do not necessarily create an immediate hazard, such large-scale burning can have a strong impact on weather, climate, human health, and natural resources. For more information on how these fires affect the climate, the Earth Observatory presents an article on Biomass Burning.
Source: Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response Team, NASA/GSFC
Por Mapas Owje


text: Purpose: Correlation of body mass index (BMI) with clinical outcome in patients with glioblastoma is not well documented. Hence, we studied the association between survival and pretreatment BMI in glioblastoma patients. Methods and Materials: In this retrospective study, only patients with histopathology-confirmed glioblastoma were included. Their BMIs were calculated from height and weight measurements and recorded in medical records at their first examination. Treatment plans for all patients consisted of concurrent radiation therapy and temozolomide, followed by maintenance therapy with temozolomide. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the mortality risk associated with BMI as a continuous and categorical variable. A BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m 2 was classified as normal, 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m 2 as overweight, and ≥30.0 kg/m 2 as obese. Results: Data from 392 patients treated from January 2008 through June 2016 were analyzed. At a median follow-up of 48.6 months, the median OS was 13.5 months in normal subjects, 15.4 months in overweight subjects, and 15.1 months in obese subjects. A total of 81% of the patients died. The hazard ratios for overweight and obese patients were 0.70 (95% confidence interval, 0.54-0.92; P =.009) and 0.66 (95% confidence interval, 0.45-0.98; P =.04), respectively, when adjusted for age, Karnofsky performance score, and extent of resection. Sex, diabetes, and hypertension had no significant interactions. Conclusions: Patients with elevated BMIs had significantly better OS in our series of patients. The mechanism of this interaction needs to be explored further to understand this association. © 2018 Elsevier Inc.


extend operator
Creates calculated columns and appends them to the result set.
Syntax
| extend alias1 = expression1, alias2 = expression2, alias3 = ...
Arguments
nametypedescription
AliasstringThe name of the column to add or update.
ExpressionexpressionA calculation over the columns of the dataset.
Returns
A copy of the input dataset result similar to the one below:
 - Column names noted by extend that already exist in the input are removed and appended as their new calculated values.
 - Column names noted by extend that do not exist in the input are appended as their new calculated values.
Examples
['http-logs']
| extend upper_ct = toupper(content_type)
['http-logs']
| extend extension = extract('/([a-z]*)', 1, content_type), duration_bucket=bin(req_duration_ms, 100)
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Detection of defects or beginning faults is a way to be able to prevent catastrophic faults. Here asymmetrical states of a doubly-fed induction machine, as for example a turn-to-turn fault, are modeled and simulated in state space with hybrid machine equations. These equations are reduced in order of less computation effort. To detect rotor turn-to-turn faults of the doubly-fed induction machine a Luenberger observer is developed and investigated by simulation. The results show a sensitive and fast detection of the fault.


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Updated February 24, 2016 at 10:40 pm: A map showing the various options for a Pape-Queen routing to downtown has been added at the end of this article.
The City of Toronto Planning Division has released the detailed technical scoring for evaluation of six possible routes for a Relief Line linking the core area to the Danforth subway.
The possible routes that survived a preliminary cull were:
- A: Broadview to Queen crossing the Don River at Queen
- B1: Pape to Queen crossing the Don River at Queen
- B2: Pape to Queen, dodging south to serve the Unilever site before crossing the Don and swinging back to Queen Street
- C: Broadview to King crossing the Don River at Queen
- D1: Pape to King crossing the Don River at Queen
- D2: Pape to King crossing the Don River at the Unilever site
Of these, the two Broadview options don't fare very well, and the real debate is between the four remaining Pape options.
The scoring extends through many categories and pages, but to simplify things and understand just how each factor was ranked, I have consolidated the scores into a spreadsheet. (For the detailed evaluation, refer to the scoring document linked above.)
In place of the scoring system used in the city summary, I have converted each of the symbols to a numeric value:
- Full moon = 4 points
- 3/4 moon = 3 points
- Half moon = 2 points
- 1/4 moon = 1 point
- New moon = 0 points
Within each major grouping of scores, the values were totalled and then normalized to the range of zero to one. For example, if a group contained 4 topics, then the maximum possible score is 16, and each alignment's score is divided 16 to get a normalized value. This allows the scores from each group to be compared with each other.
At the end, the scores can either be summer individually (each topic counts equally), or the group averages can be totalled (each group count equally regardless of how many topics it contains) and normalized.
On a grand total basis, both the city's technical evaluation and public feedback came to the same conclusion: even though there are variations between the four alignments, they all average out to a 3/4 score.
The point scores also come out close to the same with higher values on one item balancing lower values on others for, overall, an even ranking.
Quite simply, all other things being equal, the four alignments are more or less equivalent using this scoring system. However, the City opted for alignment B1 because, among other things, is is claimed to be cheaper and simpler to build.
The costs estimates in the City's evaluation [at p.19] are:
- $3.7-billion for either of the Pape via Queen options regardless of whether they follow Queen or King to the core
- $4.0-billion for the Pape-Unilever-King option
- $4.1-billion for the Pape-Unilever-Queen option
The ridership estimates are generally higher for the via King options, and higher still for the routes serving the Unilever site. In all cases, off-peak riding tends to be low compared to the rest of the network with roughly 2/3 of all boardings on the Relief Line being during the AM or PM peak. The effect is even more striking for configuration where frequent SmartTrack service at 12 trains/hour competes with the Relief Line for customers. This demonstrates the problem of a line aimed at primarily peak period "relief". As and when we see projections for longer versions of the RL (to Eglinton or Sheppard), the balance of off-peak travel may change because the route will serve new subway territory, not simply provide an alternate route for existing trips.
Despite the even scoring overall, the preferred corridor was selected based on giving some criteria additional weight as shown in the table below.
This evaluation, like so much other recent work, depends very much on the presumed presence of frequent SmartTrack service in the rail corridor. If that is found to be impractical, then the relative importance of the RL changes along with its appropriate alignment to serve the core. This is particularly critical at the Unilever site which would have only SmartTrack serving it if the RL stays on Queen Street.
One point above misrepresents the technical evaluation: both of the Queen Street crossing routes have the same cost estimate regardless of which route they take to the core area (Queen or King) and they share the same river crossing characteristics.
In summary, the choice "makes sense" in the limited context that a frequent SmartTrack service will actually be feasible and will be built. If SmartTrack cannot be provided on a five minute headway with a low fare, then the entire planning process will require a major rethink.
Updated February 24, 2016: The following map shows possible alignments for a route from Pape & Danforth to the core area. Notes on the map talk of a track connection at Danforth to provide access to Greenwood Yard. The technical scoring paper also mentions a southerly route under the rail corridor from Gerrard & Pape eastward. While this is longer, it would avoid the complexity of adding linking curves at Danforth.


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Based on its long-term cooperative network in Russian and European space science and industry, MIPT provides focused training for joining research and engineering teams of planetary missions worldwide. Our faculty have unique experience of participation in missions to Mars, Venus, Jupiter and other Solar System bodies and develop hi-end instruments for future missions. Students graduating from the program will be prepared for admission to a PhD program in planetary science in the world's leading universities.
Theoretical part of the program includes fundamentals of orbital dynamics, planetarygeology, physics and chemistry of planetary interiors and atmospheres, including extrasolar planets. Special attention is given to methods and instrumentation of planetary studies, including interplanetary missions and spaceborne astronomy. The program implies extended practice and internship in Russia's leading research teams involved in planetary missions lead by Roskosmos, ESA, NASA, and other space agencies. Students enrolled in our Masterprogramme take part in mission planning, instrument design, operations, data treatment and interpretation.
- Introduction to the physics of planets;
- Orbital dynamics of planetary systems;
- Planetary geology;
- Planetary interiors Physics and chemistry of impacts;
- Dynamics of planetary atmospheres;
- Photochemistry and spectroscopy of planetary atmospheres;
- Radiative transfer in planetary atmospheres;
- Planetary climate;
- Instruments and methods of planetary missions;
- Planetary astronomy;
- Inverse problems in planetary studies.
- University of Reims (France);
- University of Cologne (Germany);
- University of Göttingen (Germany);
- EPFL (Switrzerland);
- Complutense University of Madrid (Spain).
Prof. Alexander Rodin


How Long Before Get To Yellow Belt Karate?
How long does it take to get belts in karate?
How long does it take to go from a white belt to a yellow belt?
How do you get a yellow belt in karate?
A yellow karate belt is awarded when a new student has demonstrated that they are opening their minds to the practice of karate and to their sensei's teachings.
You might be interested: FAQ: When Did The Karate Kid Come Out 2010?
How good is a yellow belt in karate?
The yellow belt is representative of one's energy. In this mastery, the student has gained greater control over his body's energy. Stability is the symbol of an orange belt. Karate practice includes basic postures, punches, blocks and kicks.
What is the most useless martial art?
The 5 Least Effective Martial Arts
 - 5) Sumo.
 - 4) Capoeira.
 - 3) Shin-Kicking.
 - 2) Aikido.
 - 1) Tai Chi.
Is red belt better than black?
What belt comes after yellow in Taekwondo?
Belt Ranks at Akula Taekwondo
Color Rank
Yellow Belt 9th GUP
Orange Belt 8th GUP
Green Belt 7th GUP
Blue Belt 6th GUP
Is Red Belt higher than black belt?
How many stripes do you need for a yellow belt?
All students will be required to have all six (6) stripes on their belts before their test.
Can you skip belts in karate?
You might be interested: Quick Answer: How To Become Ninth Dan In Karate?
What does a yellow belt in karate mean?
Yellow Belt − It symbolizes the first ray of sun light. In karate its meaning is that now the student's mind is open to accept more possible techniques and methods. Orange Belt − This light is an indication of spreading of light on the earth.
What is the lowest belt in karate?
What are the stages of belts in karate?
Is purple belt higher than black?
Does karate have a pink belt?
While pink is not an official designation in the martial arts scale, it does have special significance here. He has been conferring pink belts to kids and adults in order to promote cancer awareness and reduce some of the fears that go along with the group of diseases that sparks such fear and raises so many questions.
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Global Case Study
Opcenter (Preactor) APS
PPG Fine Chemicals
Opcenter APS (formerly Preactor) provides the key ingredient for fine chemicals giant
PPG Fine ChemicalsPPG Fine Chemicals is a global leader and manufacturer of custom organic chemical products and general-use fine chemical products used in pharmaceuticals, agricultural applications and many others. With facilities in the United States, Europe and Asia, the company provides its customers with pharmaceutical fine chemicals ranging from starting materials to advanced GMP intermediates through to complex APIs.
The company's production flow process follows seven main steps: Reaction; Crystallization; Filtration; Crushing; Drying; Evaporation; and Distillation. While the company's everyday production processes were reliable, it increasingly recognized that in order to be as effective as possible in terms of utilizing machinery and personnel to maximum advantage, it would need to source a state-of-the-art Finite Capacity Scheduling software package. This is when the company forged a relationship with Preactor.
PPG set about determining what software solutions were available on the market. It then determined whether they met a strict series of criteria. These included: the need to replace and to improve the company's old scheduling system; to improve its customers' views about scheduling; improve work flow and to reduce work in progress; optimize equipment productivity; quickly integrate different constraints; be able to simulate different scheduling routes; and generate efficient production plans and promote better overall communication.
After surveying the market, PPG quickly realized that many software solutions were not flexible and adaptable enough to simulate the company's complex fine chemical process procedures.
However, when it looked at Preactor it soon recognized the system's suitability and level of flexibility. The implementation of Preactor at the PPG Sipsy site in Avrille largely involved in-depth communication between a PPG interlocutor, and the Preactor reseller and consultancy Segula via phone and email.
Since going live with Preactor, PPG has enjoyed a number of improvements to its everyday operations. In terms of stock control, net parts needs are calculated by Preactor. A specific net-needs calculation is also provided in order to recalculate parts needs after scheduling. This method allows Preactor to allocate or remove batches to balance net parts needs (pegging). A parts list modification (adjustment of the required quantities) generates another calculation of needs which can change the constitution of batches.
As regards operations creation, this is done during the importation of the production plan into Preactor, but also during needs calculation if extra batches are necessary. Batches can be manually added or removed by the user where necessary. In terms of routing, Preactor can work out the optimum use of various machines during production. Before the use of Preactor the company's routing procedure was often not as efficient in terms of time and resources. With regard to the Gantt charts with Preactor, a simplified Gantt generating one task per campaign was developed for a better readability.
A locking module was introduced in order to preserve certain campaigns already scheduled. Very precise rules are linked to these campaigns especially concerning calculation of net requirements and their fluctuation. Excel reports were developed in order to analyze the production per week or per month. A separate tool was also implemented to allow the comparison of specific schedules. Sequencing is made by campaign which as a mode of management makes the scheduling process even more complex because the examination of the equipment's availability must be made over a much larger period than if scheduling was made batch by batch.
However, Preactor quickly points out the optimum scheduling route on the shop floor. In terms of rework, the complexity of the managed constraints required the development of an extra tool based on a given configuration to generate a coherent result taking into consideration all constraints. This phase was named Schedule Reparation and consists of maintaining the campaigns' order on each piece of equipment and shifting the order if necessary, so as to make the schedule coherent in terms of tasks and stock etc.
Since using Preactor, PPG has enjoyed many benefits. In particular the company cites the system's swiftness in generating schedules on the shop floor, and its ability to generate quick, accurate reports. The company also recognizes Preactor's ability to provide the best view of PPG's workload over often long production periods.
Opcenter (Preactor) Advanced Planning
Opcenter (Preactor) Advanced Scheduling
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