Provisioning is a way of distributing settings to one or multiple devices/phones. Most often a http-server is involved where each phone can request it's settings from.
How the phone does try to acquire provisioned settings is itself a setting-section within the phone's configuration.
Manual Provisioning
You have limited provisioning by simply uploading a provisioning-xml via 'restore backup' in the phone's Web-UI. This method doesn't allow provisioning-xmls of the reference type.
You'll have to put a provisioning-xml on a http-server somewhere that the phone can reach. Enter that file-url (e.g. as Provisioning server URL (on phone: Settings → Provisioning). The same phone-menu has an entry: Start provisioning. Press it and the phone will download the file and install it.
Automatic Provisioning
To achieve a successful Provisioning, the phone needs
 - a correctly configured and available Network
 - a valid time - It relies on NTP to acquire one
After activation, the provisioning-service checks the preconditions. Then it checks the following fixed sequence of sources:
 1. concurrently:
The service sends a request to the first found URL. After a successful download it checks, whether the file is of the Reference Type. This may lead to subsequent downloads. Every URL can contain special markers, that are replaced with device information.
The service uses the files in the specified sequence. The migration-machnism applies the files to the configuration. This process doesn't restart the device.
A provisioning can be initiated by various events.
 - manually: within the phones settings-menu under provisioning
 - at system boot: If configured, the provisioning service reacts on every system boot.
 - at a specific time: configured via the provisioning-settings.
 - via check sync: A SIP notify message can start a provisioning.
A device uses the DHCP options 66, 67 and 43 to determine an URL. It combines the options 66 and 67. The following example configuration of an isc-dhcp-server:
host d200 {
 hardware ethernet 00:09:52:00:00:0E;
 filename "prov.py?mac=";
 option tftp-server-name "_URL_";
is combined to _URL_ Missing / are inserted between the options.
Option Length Text
66 11 http://foo block to transmit
67 12 .bak block to transmit
The DHCP option 43 can contain the encoded information from option 66 and 67. The test is hexadecimal encoded and separated by :.
Option Length Text
42: 0b: 68:74:74:70:3a:2f:2f:66:6f:6f:00 encoded
43: 0c: 3c:48:57:54:59:50:3e:2e:62:61:6b:00 encoded
Results in the complete option 43 content:
The Redirect Service is an Auerswald/FonTevo Service, which assigns an URL to a device. It replies the assigned URL, when the configured device sends a request.
Registered partners can register their devices here.
The multicast subscribe mechanism sends a SIP multicast subscribe message and listens for sip notify responses. Contains on of the responses an URL, it is used by the provisioning service.
This mechanism should only be used in trustworthy networks. The device can't apply any security measures to ensure the authenticity and validity of the notify origin.
Provisioning-xml's come in different types.
When you create a backup of your settings you'll get an Provisioning-xml of this patch-type. It lists all settings within an encompassing configuration-element. When you re-upoload this xml it replaces all existing settings.
You may also reduce such a patch-type to only one settings-section and upload it. In this case only that section is replaced or merged.
If you want to alter just a couple or a single sub-element of a settings-section, reduce these settings and mark it with patch="true". Your uploaded sub-elements will alter their existing counter-parts but other settings will be left alone.
The settings evolve with each release. New ones are added, others might get renamed. We list the configuration XSD definitions so you can check which settings structure is expected:
Release 1.0B
Release 1.2A
Release 1.4 A / 1.4B
You may even provision settings-sections of an elder version, the telephone uses a migration-machnism to change an outdated settings-version into the current one.
A reference file allows the user to provide more than one configuration file.
The schema for this XML document is the provisioning_references.xsd.

All operations are applied to the current settings (no migration) but only after all operations are applied do we check each setting-section. If it is still a valid configuration it is stored, if not all operations on that setting-section are discarded.
We plan to add further operations like replace and add but there is always so much to do. If you need more control, let us know.
Marker Replacement
The provisioning service replaces the following markers in URL's (e.g. in the reference file or the Provisiong-Server-URL-setting):
 - or {serial} to the devices serial number.
 - or {type} to D100, D200.
 - or {mac} to the devices MAC address ( uppercase, without : )
Given the following URL:
the phone applies its data


Kitchen Table Economics
Federalism: Laboratories of Democracy
Recent reports reveal that a growing number of Californians are fed up with the state's high taxes and bad policy. These disaffected Californians are now fleeing to states with low taxes, affordable housing, and friendlier business environments—among other attractive factors.
Similar stories are playing out in other states, including New York and Illinois. This shows why federalism is important.
Federalism is the framework that gives states the opportunity to enact their own policies regardless of others. This framework is often referred to as "laboratories of democracy." This means states can try new social and economic experiments without bringing risk or harm to the rest of the country.
In this grand experiment, some states will enact good policies while others will enact bad ones. This should be viewed as a valuable learning experience that helps all states improve while discovering which policies are best—and which are best avoided.
This also safeguards against onerous policies imposed by the federal government—keeping many governing decisions at the local or state level.
By putting this check on federal power and allowing more local governments to investigate differing policy paths, we are all the stronger for it.


Home Page
Activity 2 - Seeing how warm air rises, at home - Science
Wind is moving air:
 - Cut a spiral into a piece of paper.
 - Attach a thread to 1 end.
 - Hold it above a radiator, that is on, and watch what happens.
 - With an adult, you could hold it above a lamp, but watch out - it is HOT!
Why do you think that is happening?


text:
Can trauma, Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) or multigenerational transmission of trauma influence the development of allergies and allergic diseases? In a pursuit for the deep healing of her allergy-affected daughter, the author of this book searches for a common underlying cause that contributes to increased inflammation and allergic reactions within the body. The existing scientific knowledge from the fields of epigenetics, psychology, psychiatry and medicine is examined to provide a balanced view of the current evidence available in the literature. By highlighting the possible connection with the deeper causes of allergies, this book opens new avenues for additional healing options for sufferers and proposes an exciting direction for researchers, academics, medical doctors, nurses, psychologists, trauma therapists, healers and holistic health care practitioners. Written in the format of a Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA), it is an open invitation for all readers to critically examine the available scientific evidence along with its author and consider the proposition that healing from allergies and allergic diseases could require a comprehension of the original traumas.
|Author||Aga Kim Galena|
|Rating||4/5 (78 users)|

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Farmers in the province of Cremona, in northern Italy, rely on water from the Po River for their crops and livestock. When a drought in 2022 decreased the flow of the river, the local water utility's pump station could no longer pump enough water from the river to an irrigation canal. The utility partnered with Xylem to create an emergency pump station in just a few weeks using Flygt rental pumps.
The Po River is Italy's longest river, starting in the Alps in northern Italy and flowing east over 650 kilometers (400 miles) to the Adriatic Sea. The flow of the river has been decreasing for years, requiring utilities to adopt modern technologies to guarantee water for fields and farms.
The decreasing flow of the Po River has led to major challenges for the water utility in Casalmaggiore, the Consorzio di Bonifica Navarolo Agro Cremonese Mantovano, located in the province of Cremona. The Consortium serves an area covering about 478 square kilometers (185 square miles) and including 1,200 kilometers (746 miles) of canals.
Older pump stations now insufficient
In 1930, the Isola Pescaroli pump station was built to provide water for agriculture in the area, and today it serves 5,000 farmers and other users. By the 1980s, the decreasing flow of the Po River made the plant unable to draw enough water to meet user needs, so a pre-lifting station was built to solve the problem.
"This solution worked really well for decades, but the unpredictable drought of 2022 and the low level of the Po made it impossible to draw the necessary amount of water," says Marco Ferraresi, General Manager and Technical Director of the Consortium.
With farmers in desperate need of water, constructing a new pump station in just a few weeks was not a realistic solution. Purchasing new pumps to move the large quantity of water required was also not economically viable for the Consortium. The Consortium, however, had to act quickly to prevent the dramatic consequences of a water shortage on agriculture and livestock in the area, which were also facing increasing temperatures.
A modular, pump rental solution from Xylem
To solve the problem, Ferraresi turned to Xylem's pump rental service. Xylem's rental hub provides most of the equipment that utilities and communities need to handle water emergencies, including submersible pumps, dewatering pumps, and systems for disinfection and mixing.
"The technicians of the Consortium and Xylem worked closely together to solve the problem," says Ferraresi. "Our experts estimated the necessary flow rates and dimensions, while Xylem's experts identified the necessary pumps and sized the electrical installations. In a very short time, this collaboration allowed us to start pumping water from the river at a lower level."
The rental solution includes two pumping units, which can operate autonomously, mounted on external skids. Each unit consisting of three Flygt 3501 pumps, connected to a 1000-mm diameter manifold – a design choice that speeded up installation.
The Flygt pumps have a three-channel impeller, which guarantees a high hydraulic capacity (about one cubic meter per second) and high reliability. With a power output of 125 kW, the pumps are designed to handle extreme conditions and save energy during normal conditions. Operators can also remotely monitor the pumps through a Xylem digital control system, Aquaview ++.
Fast pump deployment with high reliability
The pump rental solution gives the Consortium a flexible solution that enables it to handle long periods of drought. Aside from rapid deployment and an upfront, predictable fee, the rental solution also ensures optimal maintenance and a reduced need to keep components in stock.
"Beyond the performance of the pumps, the partnership with the Xylem rental team has allowed us to quickly deploy this critical infrastructure to meet the needs of our customers," says Ferraresi.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


How valid of an assumption is using mg/kg for drug dosage?
 1. Simfish
 Simfish 825
 Gold Member
 Okay, basically, the more mass you have, the more drug that's needed to exert the same effect on you.
 But is it really linearly proportional like that?
 I mean, if you increase your body mass, you're not going to increase the amount of blood in your major arteries and veins. The amount of blood in them is fairly fixed (or is it?)
 Rather, you'll increase the amount of blood in more peripheral blood vessels. How much does this amount of blood scale with increased mass? Is fat tissue more vascularized (on average) than other types of tissue? Or not? Furthermore, is it a valid assumption that a drug will diffuse "equally" throughout the body, including all of the body's capillaries?
 2. jcsd
 3. Well, let's start simple, does a baby have the same size heart as a full grown adult? Does a baby have the same size arteries as an adult? and so on.
 Can you see my point here?
 4. Simfish
 Simfish 825
 Gold Member
 Yes, I definitely see your point there, although it wasn't the picture I was looking at.
 What I was thinking about is more like this: Would a fully grown 150kg human adult have 3 times the blood volume of a fully grown human adult weighing 50kg?
 5. Well all of the living cells in your body require a blood supply. If you have a larger amount of said cells, would you need more or less in the way of blood transportation and blood volume?
 6. Simfish
 Simfish 825
 Gold Member
 That's true. But you could divide blood volume by body mass for a set of humans. The real question is - is it a linear function? Or could it be more nonlinear than we realize? (if so, that could make the mg/kg metric less reliable than we think).
 7. Well if you know the average blood supply to 1kg of body mass, then it is a pretty linear function.
 You could take many samples of body mass at 1kg and check to ensure they all have roughly the same value.
 8. Simfish
 Simfish 825
 Gold Member
 That is the intuitive way to generate the hypothesis. But we would also need to compare this value between different people - because thin people owe a greater proportion of their blood volume to their major blood vessels - whose volume cannot increase with body mass. It's entirely possible that it's a nonlinear function of body weight among adult individuals of a given height. (it's also entirely possible that the function could be non-linear for increases in height too, although I think this is less likely).
 9. bobze
 bobze 651
 Science Advisor
 Gold Member
 Fluid spaces scale pretty dog-gone linearly with body size. There is a "standard" or "average" person for each group that calculations are done. For instance the "standard" male for age 17-34 is 70 Kg.
 60% of the 70 Kg mass is fluid or 42 L. Of the 42 L, approximately 35-45% (40% avg) will be intracellular fluid (ICF) or 28 L.
 Extracellular fluid (ECF)volume is 15-25% (20% avg) or approximately 14 L.
 Of that (the ECF) approximately 5% is plasma (3.5 L) and approximately 15% is interstitial fluid (ISF) or 10.5 L.
 For the given age group, these numbers make a very close approximation, so for the age group of 17-34 you can use these percents to calculate dosage when giving IV drugs or orals, etc. One must also consider things like the rate of clearance by the kidneys (weak acids and bases, like some drugs are (penicillin for example), are cleared rapidly by the kidneys unless given in excessive amounts).
 Of course, there is variation in the population either through physiological variation or pathology, such as dehydration or edema etc. Which can alter the fluid spaces and must be something the prescribing physician takes into consideration.
 MDs have these nice little charts and calculators for body size and drug prescribing, though most people fall within the bell curve and the averages can be use. Thankfully, this is something medical physiologists looked into :)
 10. bobze
 bobze 651
 Science Advisor
 Gold Member
 The size of vasculature and amount of whole blood volume in said vasculature also scales very well with body size.
 11. Simfish
 Simfish 825
 Gold Member
 Ah yes, thanks for this very nice reply! :)
 12. Andy Resnick
 Andy Resnick 6,144
 Science Advisor
 Education Advisor
 That's not true for all drugssome psychoactive ones, in particular, do not have a dose-response that scales with body mass.
 13. Given the variety of drugs we have at our disposal, it's hard to generalize. Many drugs are water soluble, some are fat soluble, some cross the blood-brain barrier, some don't. Some are tissue bound, others protein bound, etc. A key concept is the volume of distribution which the relates the time integrated change in blood plasma levels from time [tex]t_{0}[/tex] in a theoretical volume following the administration of known doses by known routes. This is affected by all the above variables (and more) plus rates of excretion, deposition in fat and bone and the production of metabolites which may or may not be measured in the plasma depending on whether they are active metabolites or not. The link below is a fair summary to just give a sense of the issues involved.
 The recommendations for dosage by unit/kg are based on adjustments for these pharmacokinetic parameters, but prescribers must also estimate the fat/lean body mass ratios, level of hydration, renal and liver function, and other special situations that may exist. Dosages in children are also subject special guidelines.
 Note: multiple pages
 Last edited: Jan 12, 2011
Have something to add?
Similar discussions for: How valid of an assumption is using mg/kg for drug dosage?


text:
When it comes to planning the day's meals, cuttlefish appear to have remarkably sharp cognitive abilities.
British research shows that they will decide to eater fewer crabs during the day if they know that shrimp – their favourite food – will be available in the evening.
In experiments, it took European common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) only a few days to learn to tell whether shrimp was on the menu, and to adapt accordingly.
When the researchers reliably provided one shrimp each evening, the cuttlefish became more selective during the day.
But when they were provided with evening shrimp on a random basis, they became opportunistic and ate more crabs when they could.
When conditions changed, they changed their foraging strategy to match.
"This is a very complex behaviour and is only possible because they have a sophisticated brain," says Pauline Billard from the University of Cambridge, first author of a paper in the journal Biology Letters.
The first stage of the study was to be sure that cuttlefish do have strong food preferences, despite having a varied diet, which also includes fish and squid.
The researchers tested 29 cuttlefish five times a day for five days by putting crab and shrimp an equal distance away and watching what was eaten first. All showed a preference for shrimp.
Billard says cuttlefish hatch with a large central nervous system, which enables them to learn from a young age. They can remember events from the past and use this information to adjust their behaviour in anticipation of the future.
However, the researchers stress that at this stage they "cannot validate whether this future-dependent foraging behaviour observed in cuttlefish is underpinned by their ability to plan for the future".
"In order to determine whether cuttlefish foraging behaviour qualifies as future planning, we still need to test one critical criterion – are cuttlefish behaving independently of their current motivational state (i.e. desire to eat shrimps in the present moment)," they write.
"Nevertheless, these results represent a promising way for further studies on flexibility and future-oriented behaviour in cephalopods.
"Given that cephalopods diverged from the vertebrate lineage approximately 550 million years ago, finding comparable future-oriented abilities in cuttlefish might provide valuable evolutionary insight into the origins of such a complex cognitive ability."
Nick Carne is the editor of Cosmos Online and editorial manager for The Royal Institution of Australia.
Read science facts, not fiction...
There's never been a more important time to explain the facts, cherish evidence-based knowledge and to showcase the latest scientific, technological and engineering breakthroughs. Cosmos is published by The Royal Institution of Australia, a charity dedicated to connecting people with the world of science. Financial contributions, however big or small, help us provide access to trusted science information at a time when the world needs it most. Please support us by making a donation or purchasing a subscription today.


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PivotGridFieldBase.SummaryFilter Property
Gets summary filtering settings.
Namespace: DevExpress.XtraPivotGrid
Assembly: DevExpress.PivotGrid.v23.2.Core.dll
NuGet Packages: DevExpress.PivotGrid.Core, DevExpress.Win.Navigation
Declaration
[Browsable(false)]
public PivotSummaryFilter SummaryFilter { get; }
Property Value
Type Description
PivotSummaryFilter
A PivotSummaryFilter object that encapsulates summary filtering settings.
Remarks
PivotGridControl allows you to filter its data by summary values. Use the SummaryFilter property to configure filtering by summary values calculated against the current data field.
Use the returned PivotSummaryFilter object to access summary filtering settings.
Note
You cannot use the CalculationBindingBase descendants to apply summary filter when Pivot Grid operates with Optimized calculation engine.
To enable summary filtering, specify the range of summary values that should be included into the pivot grid. Additionally, provide column and row fields that identify the target data detail level if you wish to apply filtering to Total or Grand Total values.
Use one of the following approaches.
For more information, see Filter by Summaries.
See Also


text:
A search for the term "climate change" shows Copenhagen Sumit
A search for the term "famine"
News Globe lets you search the BBC News & Sport website and see the results mapped to the geographic location of the story on an animated globe which can be rotated to enable navigation of the results. It uses a customised RSS feed from BBC News.
This geo-visualization, connects you in a very immediate way to the location of the news story by providing further contextual information about it. For example, if we search for "FIFA World Cup" we find the majority of the BBC news stories originating in Europe or South Africa and very few in North America. So not only has News Globe produced a range of different news topics for us to read, it has also given us an indication of the level of interest in the topic across different cultures.
How to use it
News Globe is available immediately for use, either dive straight in, follow the instructions below, or watch the accompanying video that gives an overview of its different functions. You must have Adobe Flash player installed to use the project, it can be downloaded here.
If you would like to comment or feed back on this visualisation please do so on the blog entry
Launch News Globe //
Video walkthrough //
This video was created with screen capture software and shows the application being used.
How it was built //
The search results are returned in the form of an RSS feed from BBC News.
The contents of the Title tags in the rss xml are then sent off to Yahoo's geocoding API
If any place names are recognised by Yahoo it sends back the longitude and latitude co-ordinates. (It often gets confused and you'll find lots of mistakes, usually placed in North America). We originally tried to create this app using Atom feeds from BBC iPlayer but there were too few place names and Yahoo was making some really bad guesses with the data.
Meanwhile a rotating globe with moon (please don't complain that the moon's position is wrong, it's only there for effect) was created using the Alpha version of Papervision 3D 2 (Great White).
An algorithm converts the Cartesian co-ordinates returned by Yahoo and converts them into spherical co-ordinates and it's then easy to use papervision to plot a marker on the correct spot on the map.
Rolling over the markers give you some information about the news article plotted.
Clicking on the markers will take you to the news article on bbc.co.uk.
While this all looks pretty cool lots of the work was done by other people:
Most notably Mark Waters and his excellent article on Geocoding in Flash. The majority of the Papervision code was taken from his Flex source files.
Credit should also go to the programmers who created Papervision 3d, the authors of the tweener class, the authors of the AS3 tool tips component, the AS3 preloader class written by Marco Di Giuseppe, and _URL_ who created the earth texture map.
What we like about this project is the fact that is uses so many resources from the web (mostly in the form of AS3 classes) and shows how visualisations can be created in a modular way with code from all over the place.
Example XML returned by Yahoo Geocoding API //
This is the XML returned from Yahoo when a sentence containing the word London was was parsed through it.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Consider the $\mathbb Z$-module that consists of the polynomials in $\mathbb Z[x,y]$ that are homogeneous polynomials of degree $d$ in the indeterminates $x$ and $y$ (homogeneous meaning that all terms of the form $c_{ij} x^i y^j$ are such that $i+j = d$, where $d$ is the degree of the polynomial). One can see that there is a unique way of writing an homogeneous polynomial of degree $d$ in the form $$ \sum_{j=0}^d c_k y^{d-k} \prod_{i=0}^{k-1} (x-iy) $$ because there is precisely one term where $x$ is at the $k^{th}$ power for any $k$ in the range $[0,d]$, hence we can compute coefficients. Therefore, the polynomials $y^{d-k} \prod (x-iy)$ form a basis of the $\mathbb Z$-module.
Is it possible to write any homogenous polynomial of degree $d$ in the form $$ \sum_{k=0}^d c_k \left( \prod_{i=0}^{d-k-1} (y-ipx) \right) \left( \prod_{i=0}^{k-1} (x-iy) \right) $$ where $p$ is a prime number? (The larger context is a number theory context, thus the prime is the thing I need. The fact that $p$ is prime might not be needed to prove this though!) Note that the polynomials formed by the 2 products are actually homogenous polynomials of degree $d$ in $x$ and $y$, so this would be a basis of the $\mathbb Z$-module of homogenous polynomials of degree $d$.
The reason for this question is because I am looking for a characterization for a certain class of polynomials that are always 0 with respect to a prime power modulus and the existence of this decomposition would help me very much. =)
If you have any suggestions please feel free to comment.
share|improve this question
One remark for those who might consider inverting some kind of matrices : the fact that it is easy to generate polynomials when there is no "$ipx$" term in the linear factors for $y$ is that you can rewrite this problem in the form of solving a linear equation of the form $AX = Y$, where $X$ and $Y$ are the coefficient vectors and $A$ is the coordinate switch matrix. The "easiness" comes from the fact that $A$ is either upper or lower triangular (depending on which way you place coefficients...), hence it is easy to see that $A$ needs to be invertible with integer non-zero determinant. – Patrick Da Silva Aug 29 '11 at 0:51
Re: Your background question. You do know the classification of single variable polynomials with values (at integer points) vanishing modulo a prime power, don't you? That not-too-well-known result has been rediscovered periodically (Singmaster in '69, Niven & Warren in '57, Carlitz says that it was in Dickson's old book,...) – Jyrki Lahtonen Aug 29 '11 at 5:56
Yes, I know it, and it is quite simple to read (but took me weeks to prove...). Write $$ f(x) = \sum_{k=0}^d c_k(x)_k. $$ It is always possible to do this in $\mathbb Z[x]$. Now note that $f(\ell) = \sum_{k=0}^{\ell} c_k k! \begin{pmatrix} \ell \\ k \end{pmatrix}$, hence you can show by induction that $c_k k! \equiv 0$ $\mathrm{mod}$ $p^m$ by assuming that $f$ vanishes $\mathrm{mod}$ $p^m$. Conversely, a polynomial with this property vanishes because $f(\ell) = \sum_{k=0}^{\ell} c_k k! \begin{pmatrix} \ell \\ k \end{pmatrix} \equiv \sum_{k=0}^{\ell} 0 = 0.$ – Patrick Da Silva Aug 29 '11 at 7:32
The result I had in mind goes as follows. Write $p_k(x)=\prod_{i=0}^{kp-1}(x-i)$. Then the values $p_k(n), n\in\mathbf{Z}$ are always divisible by $(kp)!$, so if you multiply these polynomials with the appropriate power of $p$ you get polynomials with values vanishing $\pmod{p^\ell}$. If you take such polynomials up to the first monic one, you have a generating set for the ideal of polynomials in $\mathbf{Z}[x]$ that vanish module $p^\ell$. – Jyrki Lahtonen Aug 29 '11 at 7:55
add comment
1 Answer
up vote 1 down vote accepted
I don't think that you have a $\mathbf{Z}$-basis. I claim that if $d>1$, then all the polynomials $q(x,y)$ in the $\mathbf{Z}$-span of your generators have the property $p-1\mid q(1,1)$. Thus, if $p>2$ the span cannot consist of all the homogeneous polynomials of degree $d$.
Proof: If you evaluate the polynomial $$p_k(x,y)=\prod_{i=0}^{d-k-1}(y-ipx) \prod_{i=0}^k(x-iy)$$ at $x=y=1$, the second product shows that $p_k(1,1)=0$ unless $k=0$ (if $k>0$, then the factor $x-y$ coming from $i=1$ makes this happen). But if $k=0$ and $d>1$, then the first product has a factor $y-px$ (again coming from $i=1$), and this forces $p_0(1,1)$ to be divisible by $y-px\vert_{(x,y)=(1,1)}=1-p$. For all $k$ we have $p-1\mid p_k(1,1)$, so the same holds for all the $\mathbf{Z}$-linear combinations of the polynomials $p_k(x,y)$.
share|improve this answer
Given that $p-1$ is a unit in your eventual ring this may not ruin your approach, but it does seem to settle the question over $\mathbf{Z}$. – Jyrki Lahtonen Aug 29 '11 at 6:10
I am a little confused by your argument because there are many assumptions along the way... but maybe it's clear and I should read this tomorrow XD But in my ring, $p-1$ is indeed a unit, so I think that if you're right there is still work to do, and I would be really pissed to find out that it's not possible to do this... – Patrick Da Silva Aug 29 '11 at 7:36
For your curiosity : I have shown a few hours ago (heehee) that for $f(x,y)$ homogeneous of degree $d$ and $m \le p$, vanishing mod $p^m$ is equivalent to be able to write it in the following form : $$ f(x,y) = \sum_{j=0}^{m} \left( \left( p^{m-j} y^j \prod_{i=0}^{jp-1} (x-iy) \right) \gamma_j (x,y) \right) $$ where the $\gamma_j(x,y)$'s are homogeneous polynomials of degree $d-j(p+1)$ that can be arbitrary. When working on these kind of vanishing question, understanding what happens up to $p^p$ and then moving to $p^{p+1}$ and $p^{p+2}$ in a clever manner is the key point. – Patrick Da Silva Aug 29 '11 at 7:38
_USER_: I made an attempt to make the structure of my argument clearer. – Jyrki Lahtonen Aug 29 '11 at 10:18
Okay, so $p-1 | q(1,1)$. So since for instance $x^2$ (or $x^d$ for generality) is such that $p-1 \nmid q(1,1) = 1$, we're done. =) Thank you! – Patrick Da Silva Aug 29 '11 at 14:38
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text:
Dejan Talevski, a Senior Project Manager at Seavus' Telecom Division, explains what kinds of risk Telcos are facing due to the outdated technologies, why they can be an obstacle to the process of digital transformation and what the main benefits of migrating Telco's legacy systems are.
If you are interested to hear more about this topic, join us on October 26th at 11 AM, at our remote event: "Maintaining Telco's legacy systems during the process of digital transformation".
What kind of risks are Telcos facing due to unsupported hardware and software?
- "Having unsupported hardware and software in the IT application landscape is nowadays more related to risk management rather than traditional IT maintenance. Having a legacy system being deployed on outdated hardware is primarily a supply chain risk. Spare parts and server maintenance are becoming more and more limited, leading Telcos to turn to unconventional spare parts handling, such as refurbished and used parts whose better days have surely already passed and could fail at any given time. Moreover, running a legacy application poses a huge security risk as the technologies and operating systems they are based on are already well known and could be easily exploited by malicious attacks."
When we talk about Telco's legacy systems, we think of them as an essential part of the infrastructure. So, can you explain why it is so complex to maintain and migrate them?
- "Legacy systems carry a significant technology debt. They are evolving systems, which means that Telcos have been compelled to continuously invest and upgrade them. Also, most legacy systems are actually serving the Telcos and clients, enabling services and operations, and bringing revenue to the operator.
In short, one cannot simply decide to replace these systems overnight, because they still serve mission-critical business processes and reflect substantial investment in money and skills made over the course of years.
Maintenance and migration of legacy systems is a complex process, which usually takes several years, involves a lot of technology analysis, business logic extraction, and actively engages all stakeholders from senior executives to end users."
Are Telco's legacy systems roadblocks for the process of Digital Transformation?
- "Several market researches have single-handedly pointed out the rigidity of legacy systems as the biggest obstacle during the process of Digital Transformation.
Legacy systems are usually monolithic transaction-based systems, with data stuck in its own data silos, and they don't really "click in" in terms of integrating with new digital systems. Unfortunately, this means that Telcos reliant on such systems can't fully exploit new trends such as data analytics, real-time transactions, digital channels, etc. Simply put, legacy systems do not support business processes and the right user experience which modern technologies such as 5G and optical internet are enabling us.
Another huge hurdle is the human factor. Legacy systems were built and maintained by people who have by now moved on from hands-on technical tasks, so the competence on how to operate and migrate them is quite limited."
What options do organizations have in terms of maintenance of legacy systems during the implementation of newer Digital B/OSS systems?
- "Digital transformation projects are in their nature complex multi-level projects that span over the course of several years. From an operational perspective, this means that they take time, during which each Telco must make decisions on how to make it through until new Digital B/OSS systems are ready and migrated.
It all depends on the status of the Digital Transformation project, and the amount of time and effort the Telco wants to invest during this transitional project. And let's not forget that some decisions could actually be influenced by external factors such as security issues, lack of support, etc.
Luckily, the industry does have a lot of options on which Telcos can base their decisions. They range from re-hosting or simply isolating the legacy systems to a full-scale refactoring of the system. Telcos usually go with simpler solutions that involve minimal changes in the code and technology, which of course makes the most sense."
What are the main benefits of migrating Telco legacy systems?
- "The pandemic has clearly shown that the future must be digital. With lockdowns and restrictions all around, users have demanded digital channels and fast responsiveness from their service providers. Telcos need to become digital players and be able to build a comprehensive digital services portfolio.
In the next couple of years, we will see even higher demand for new services and options enabled by the emerging technologies, and Telcos must be able to keep pace and evolve appropriately, while successfully integrating all aspects of digital transformation.
Minimizing the reliance on legacy systems takes a heavy burden off Telco's operations, and it will also enable them to take the "quantum leap" required by the new Telcom business reality. Telcos will be able to build a responsive, resilient and open ecosystem of services. As a result, Telcos will be able to create new digital services and build capabilities that enable them an effective engagement of digital customers. They will be able to leverage the huge amount of data collected every day to improve service quality and produce new valuable services.
Eventually, the benefits of reduced costs will be greatly appreciated by many management executives."


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To compute standard precipitation index (SPI), IMDs high resolution (0.250 x 0.250) daily gridded rainfall data (Pai et al. 2014) has been used.
The SPI is an index developed by McKee et al. (1993) based on the probability of rainfall for the time scale of interest and is relatively less complex to compute. The time scale reflects the impact of drought on the availability of the different water resources. Soil moisture conditions respond to rainfall anomalies on a relatively short scale. Groundwater, stream flow, and reservoir storage reflect the longer-term rainfall anomalies. For the calculation of SPI for any location, long time series of rainfall for the desired period (here daily rainfall data for the period _PHONE_) is used. This long time series of rainfall is fitted to a probability distribution, which is then transformed into a standardized normal distribution so that the mean SPI for the location and desired period is zero. Positive SPI values indicate greater than median rainfall and negative values indicate less than median rainfall. The classification of the dry/wet spell intensities based on the SPI value is as follows;
It is called mildly dry for SPI value from -0.99 to 0, moderately dry for SPI value from -1.0 to -1.49, severely dry for SPI value from -1.5 to -1.99 and extremely dry for SPI value of -2 and less.
It is called mildly wet for SPI value from 0 to 0.99, moderately wet for SPI value from 1.0 to 1.49, severely wet for SPI value from 1.5 to 1.99 and extremely wet for SPI value of 2 and more.
The gridded daily rainfall data series was fitted to the gamma distribution. The gamma probability distribution function (pdf) is given as.
f (x) = (1 / baΓ(a) )xa-1e-x/b
for x >0, where a>0 & b>0 are the shape and scale parameters respectively, x>0 is the rainfall and Γ(a) is the gamma function.
The aim of fitting the distribution to the data is to compute a and b. Integrating pdf with respect and inserting the estimated values of parameters a and b, the gamma cumulative distribution function (cdf) is computed at each value of x. The cdf is then transformed into the standard normal distribution to yield SPI. More details regarding computing SPI are available in (Pai et al. 2011) .
1. McKee T.B., Doesken N.J., Kliest J. 1993: The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales, In proceedings of the 8th Conference on Applied Climatology, 17-22 January, Anaheim, CA, American Meteorological Society: Boston, MA; 179-184.
2. Pai. D.S., Latha Sridhar, Pulak Guhathakurta and H. R. Hatwar. 2011: District-Wise Drought Climatology Of The Southwest Monsoon Season over India Based on Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Nat. Hazards, I DOI10.1007/s11069-_PHONE_-8.
3. Pai. D.S., Latha Sridhar, M. Rajeevan, O.P. Sreejith, N.S. Satbhai and B. Mukhopadhyay. 2014: Development of a very high spatial resolution (0.250 x 0.250) Long period (_PHONE_) daily gridded rainfall data set over the Indian region", Mausam, 65, 1, PP 1-18.


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that give them a clear scoring opportunity, when cutting inside towards goal.
- To double up on the opposition winger, particularly when he is being "double-marked" by both the team's full back and winger.
The stereotypical winger is fast, tricky and enjoys 'hugging' the touchline, that is, running downfield close to the touchline and delivering crosses. However, players with different attributes can thrive on the wing as well. Some wingers prefer to cut infield (as opposed to staying wide) and pose a threat as playmakers by playing diagonal passes to forwards or taking a shot at goal. Even players who are not considered quick, have been successfully fielded as wingers at club and international level for their ability to create play from the flank. Occasionally wingers are given a free role to roam across the front line and are relieved of defensive responsibilities.
The typical abilities of wingers include:
- Technical skill to beat a full-back in a one-to-one situation.
- Pace, to beat the full-back one-on-one.
- Crossing ability when out wide.
- Good off-the-ball ability when reading a pass from the midfield or from fellow attackers.
- Good passing ability and composure, to retain possession while in opposition territory.
- The modern winger should also be comfortable on either wing so as to adapt to quick tactical changes required by the coach.
Traditionally, right-footed players are played on the right wing and left-footed players on the left as a matter of familiarity and comfort. However, in the modern game, coaches usually demand wingers to be able to play on both flanks and to switch flanks during play regularly as a quick change of tactics. For instance, a right-footed winger who plays on the left flank is more comfortable cutting into the middle, which suits the styles of playmaker forwards who can cause a threat both by shooting from distance, dribbling towards goal, or sliding through passes to other forwards. Another advantage is that the winger can cut inside, towards the weaker foot of the full-back. Clubs such as Barcelona and Celtic often choose to play their wingers on the 'wrong' flank for this reason. One of the foremost practitioners of playing from either flank was the German winger, Jürgen Grabowski, whose flexibility helped Germany to third place in 1970, and a championship in 1974.
Although wingers are a familiar part of football, the use of wingers is by no means universal. There are many successful football teams who operate without wingers. A famous example is AC Milan, who typically play in a narrow midfield diamond formation or in a Christmas tree formation (4-3-2-1), relying on full-backs to provide the necessary width down the wings. Also, in the 1966 World Cup, England manager Alf Ramsey led a team without natural wingers to the championship. This was unusual enough at the time for the team to be nicknamed "The Wingless Wonders".


The Great White Silence - Blu-ray Review
'its historical significance is unparalleled'
Herbert Ponting's 1924 film of Captain Scott's tragic attempt to reach the South Pole in 1911, The Great White Silence is a marvel of technical achievements both old and new. Restored by the BFI to a brilliant new print, this Blu-ray outing of Ponting's silent film is presented by the institute with a new score by Simon Fisher Turner and a restoration of Ponting's original 'tinting', a process which gives the black and white negatives a semblance of colour.
That colour is used to stunning effect. Purples, blues, greens and yellows fill the screen in alternative scenes as Ponting uses the differing shades to reflect mood and content. The new soundtrack also adds multi-faceted layers to the on-screen narrative. Turner's score is a mixture of industrial clanking (representing'soundless' on screen items, such as icebergs) and contextual sound effects (such as the ship's bell on the Terra Nova, the vessel used to ferry the explorers in to the Antarctic). Ponting's on-screen textual narration feels a little twee but it is also very well written and reflects the feelings of a man experiencing the awe of a little-seen part of the world.
The whole package feels like the 'definitive edition' the BFI really want it to be and the historical significance of Ponting's work is impossible to underestimate. That someone was there on the Antarctic shelf at all is remarkable, that someone managed to capture footage like this is incredible. Of particular poignancy is the recreation of Scott and his company's daily routine which gives a glimpse into the ordeal they must have faced during the several months of journeying from their camp to the pole itself and back.
It is tempting at this point to slap a reverent five-stars at the bottom of Ponting's film and label it a classic. It is of course. Such a film-making endeavour will never be repeated and its historical significance is unparalleled. For all that though, parts of it drag significantly. Ponting rather unnecessarily recreated sections of the journey in miniature format. Watching tiny sledges wander over fake polar ice caps at a benign rate is hardly intriguing, much less involving. The lagging run-time of one-hundred and ten minutes is a long time to sit through a silent documentary which, despite its remarkable footage, has been superseded by hundreds of nature and anthropological documentaries in the intervening years. It's a fine film and a fitting monument to the legacy of Scott and his endeavour but its perfection is of a flawed nature, even if this restoration is worthy of significant praise.
Look further...
'it struck me that it demonstrates that there is no need for 3D or any fancy gimmicks to convey drama. All that is required is a staggeringly good story' - Every Film In 2011, 8/10
 1. I never knew this existed. I have read a number of books on Scott and the ill-fated expedition. I was fortunate enough to see Shackleton's silent movie of his Endurance expedition almost 10 years ago on the big screen. Harrowing stuff and well worth reading about if it is your thing.
 I will be looking out for this, it may play in our coming Film Festival.
 2. It's well worth seeing if it does appear there. I imagine the sound would be great to experience on the big screen. Not without its problems but whilst watching it you do get *that* feeling of being in the presence of something absolutely momentous. Never heard of the Shackleton film. I'll have to look into it.
 3. It is called South. Shackelton wrote a memoir of the expedition and named it South as well! Can't re-call the film maker's name off hand but it shows the Endurance being crushed among other things.
 4. I had the opportunity to see this film at a Film Society screening a couple of weeks ago. However, I wasn't very well and the length of the film put me off so I didn't see it after all. Thanks for the review, interesting to read. One point I must make is that the word is superceded or alternatively superseded.
 5. Thanks for the correction Lynn! I imagine the experience in a cinema screening could have been great but the Blu-ray transfer is excellent (as, I imagine, is the DVD) so if you get chance definitely give it a go.


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There are four main elements for a good cold storage that the world literature have agreed in common. Insulation, volume that is sufficient for the needs, a storage that is proper to the product that wants to be stored and a proper cooling system. The essential element for these is carrying out the right insulation, but it has been agreed that the most suitable material for insulation are the panels that are filled with polyurethane. To date, many materials have been used for insulation in the last 10 years is no longer the most suitable material is polyurethane panels is concluded. The cost of energy is very high in our country, if the insulation is not done correctly in a cold storage depot, the desired efficiency and the desired conditions can never been achieved even if the best devices are used and the operating cost increases.
TERMODIZAYN considering this point, is offering its cooling system to your use together with the right insulation and panels which can provide the cooling system that are being developed especially for the cold storage depot.


About the COAD
What does the Elkhart County COAD do?
The Elkhart County COAD convenes and coordinates a collaborative disaster response network of private, public, and nonprofit individuals and organizations to respond to disasters.
Why should we join the Elkhart County COAD?
In times of disaster you will get up to date information about resources and response and the opportunity to attend regular disaster forums, trainings, and information sessions.
What do member organizations have to do?
Member organizations and individuals are asked to 1) attend regular meetings and trainings, 2) share updates about their work to facilitate collaboration, and 3) help communicate critical information and resources back to affected communities.
Who are the ECCOAD members?
Over 30 organizations and individuals are part of our COAD including the Community Foundation of Elkhart County, City of Elkhart, local faith institutions and businesses.
What is the value of a COAD?
Communities that bring resources together through a COAD can increase the effectiveness of their response to the needs of disaster survivors, and reduce the social and economic impact of the disaster.
Who runs the Elkhart County COAD?
The COAD is governed by an executive committee and chair. The COAD fiscal agent is the Crossroads United Way and it was jointly founded by the Community Foundation of Elkhart County and the Crossroads United Way.
Does the Elkhart County COAD have funding to distribute?
No, but the COAD can hold and distribute funds during an emergency
Does the Elkhart County COAD only convene member organizations during emergencies and disasters?
It would be very difficult for coordination to occur if there was no regular communication between COAD and member organizations. Meetings and communication occur regularly enough to maintain channels and updates during non-emergency periods. During emergencies and disasters, meetings are scheduled as needed and taskforces meet even more regularly to help coordinate resources.
Does the Elkhart County COAD have control over the member organizations?
No, the COAD serves, supports, and coordinates member organizations in disaster response and recovery. Participation is voluntary.
Does the Elkhart County COAD perform public outreach?
The COAD's role is to support members. We work through our members to coordinate messaging but COAD will do direct public outreach if it is requested from our member organizations.


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Guests were treated to a trip round numerous galaxies and an array of mind-boggling statistics about space, at a special event staged by Princess Alice Hospice.
The night sky was brought down to Earth, courtesy of astrophysicist Dr Mark Galloway and his remarkable inflatable planetarium.
The event was put on to raise awareness of the Esher-based Hospice's Care Through The Night campaign which supports the Night Nurse service.
The prestigious venue for the planetarium was the Founders Dining Hall at Royal Holloway University, Egham – who generously gave the space for the evening and recruited Physics student ambassadors Catriona and Lizzie to assist.
Dr Galloway started with showing familiar constellations projected on the inside of the black dome, then moved on to share amazing facts and figures about the universe, current astrophysics research – and some ancient myths and legends related to the stars. A lively Q&A followed the presentation.
The audience also heard about the personal experiences of Hospice nurses Camilla and Sallyann – both from the Night Nursing team. They spoke movingly of their vocation as well as the touching, sad and sometimes uplifting moments they share with patients and their families in the hours of darkness.
'The setting could not have been better,' said one guest, while another commented: 'The real stars of the night were Camilla and Sallyann.'
Hospice Partnerships Lead Alison Adams said:
"I was very pleased to have the opportunity to meet some of our supporters who feel particularly passionate about the care and support our Hospice provides through the night.
"Many of our guests support our Hospice in memory of a loved one; we rely more and more on the community's support to ensure we are here for more people, when and where they need us most.
"This star-gazing event was a fabulous opportunity to say thank you and raise awareness of the difference their support can, and does make."


text:
- Award Details
Low-Cost, Multispectral Particle Extinction Monitor
Department of Energy
Agency Tracking Number:
Solicitation Topic Code:
Small Business Information
Aerodyne Research, Inc.
45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA, 01821
Socially and Economically Disadvantaged:
AbstractAerosol particles affect the radiative balance of the earth directly, by scattering and absorbing solar and terrestrial radiation, and, indirectly, by acting as cloud condensation nuclei. It is now recognized that the atmospheric loading of aerosols generated through human activities can exert an influence on the earth¿s radiation budget comparable in magnitude with greenhouse gases. However, uncertainties exist in the current understanding these processes. This project will design, construct, and test a multi-wavelength particle-extinction monitor that will provide rapid, real-time measurement of the average aerosol extinction coefficient in a parcel of sampled air. In Phase I, a three-wavelength laboratory prototype will be designed and constructed. Tests will be carried out with respect to linearity of response and short and long term noise characteristics. In Phase II, a field-ready prototype will be constructed, and the sensor will be deployed on various field missions. Commercial Applications and other Benefits as described by the awardee: The comparatively low cost and ease of use of this sensor should enable the almost routine measurement of the scattering properties of atmospheric aerosols, something precluded by the cost and complexity of current instrumentation. Commercial sales would be expected to the atmospheric sciences and the environmental pollution research and development communities.
* information listed above is at the time of submission.


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Facts about Beryl
The Beryl Family comprises a number of gemstones like – Emerald, Aquamarine etc. which are among the popular and expensive gemstones. It comes in rainbow of colors which are named accordingly with their differing color. Every gemstone in the beryl family has gained importance with respect to their beneficial effects in the field of astrology.
What are the properties of Beryl?
Hardness: 7.5 to 8.0 (in Mohs Scale)
Refractive Index: 1.57 to 1.58
Nature of Solid: Hexagonal Crystal
Birefringence: 0.006
Specific gravity: 2.6 to 2.8
What are the colours that you can expect in the Beryl family?
 The Beryl family covers the spectrum of black to white in terms of colour and each colour is named as a different gemstone. Blue to Blue-green beryl stone is known as Aquamarine while the green variety is known as Emerald. The golden variety of Beryl, ranging from pastel yellow to rich gold to greenish yellow, is named as Heliodor. Morganite is the pink variety while the colourless ones are named Goshenite. The rarest stone in the Beryl family is the red Beryl.
What is the price of a Beryl stone?
The price differs with the importance of the gemstone in the Beryl family. Beryl stone price in India range between Rs 120 per carat to Rs 8,000 per carat approx. Emerald and Aquamarine are the most popular gemstones in the Beryl family and render a high value as per their quality whereas the golden and pink variety, namely Helidor and Monagnite are not very popular in the field of gemstone and thus render a low price in the market. Another not so popular gemstone in the Beryl family is the Goshenite which is priced low. The rarest and most expensive gemstone in the Beryl family is the Red Beryl.
What are the benefits of wearing a Beryl stone?
 - Beryl gemstones have the power to keep evil spirits and negativity at bay.
 - It unleashes energy that ensures harmonious and peaceful relationship. It gifts marital bliss to the wearer.
 - The healing powers of Beryl can aid in throat infections, blood circulation, immunity and pulmonary problems.
 - It can control distractions and provide calmness to the wearer.
Beryl gemstones can change the life of the wearer in a positive way and enhance his/her activity by shooing laziness away. The Scorpio and Sagittarius zodiac sign holders can adorn this gemstone to ensure a happy and protected life.


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Constrained Conditional Model
A Constrained Conditional Model (CCM) is a machine learning and inference framework that refers to augmenting the learning of conditional (probabilistic or discriminative) models with declarative constraints (written, for example, using a first-order representation) as a way to support decisions in an expressive output space while maintaining modularity and tractability of training and inference.
Models of this kind have recently attracted much attention within the NLP community. Formulating problems as constrained optimization problems over the output of learned models has several advantages. It allows one to focus on the modeling of problems by providing the opportunity to incorporate domain-specific knowledge as global constraints using a first order language. Using this declarative framework frees the developer from low level feature engineering while capturing the problem's domain-specific properties and guarantying exact inference. From a machine learning perspective it allows decoupling the stage of model generation (learning) from that of the constrained inference stage, thus helping to simplify the learning stage while improving the quality of the solutions.
Making decisions in many learning domains (such as natural language processing and computer vision problems) often involve assigning values to sets of interdependent variables where the expressive dependency structure can influence, or even dictate, what assignments are possible. These settings are applicable to Structured Learning problems such as semantic role labeling but also for cases that require making use of multiple pre-learned components, such as summarization, textual entailment and question answering. In all these cases, it is natural to formulate the decision problem as a constrained optimization problem, with an objective function that is composed of learned models, subject to domain or problem specific constraints.
Constrained Conditional Models is a learning and inference framework that augments the learning of conditional (probabilistic or discriminative) models with declarative constraints (written, for example, using a first-order representation) as a way to support decisions in an expressive output space while maintaining modularity and tractability of training and inference. In most applications of this framework in NLP, following, Integer Linear Programming (ILP) was used as the inference framework, although other algorithms can be used for that purpose.
Learning Local VS. Global Models
The objective function used by CCMs can be decomposed and learned in several ways, ranging from a complete joint training of the model along with the constraints to completely decoupling between the learning and the inference stage. In the latter case, several local models are learned independently and the dependency between these models is considered only at decision time via a global decision process. The advantages of each approach are discussed in, which studies the two training paradigms: (1) local models: L+I (learning+inference) and (2) global model: IBT (Inference based training), and shows both theoretically and experimentally that while IBT (joint training) is best in the limit, under some conditions (basically, "good" components") L+I can generalize better.
Minimally Supervised CCM
CCM can help reduce supervision by using domain knowledge (expressed as constraints) to drive learning. These setting were studied in and. These works introduce semi-supervised Constraints Driven Learning (CODL) and show that by incorporating domain knowledge the performance of the learned model improves significantly.
Learning over Latent Representations
CCMs were also applied to latent learning frameworks, where the learning problem is defined over a latent representation layer. Since the notion of a correct representation is inherently ill-defined no gold-labeled data regarding the representation decision is available to the learner. Identifying the correct (or optimal) learning representation is viewed as a structured prediction process and therefore modeled as a CCM. This problem was studied by several papers, in both supervised and unsupervised settings and in all cases showed that explicitly modeling the interdependencies between representation decisions via constraints results in an improved performance.
CCM for Natural Language Processing Applications
The advantages of the CCM declarative formulation and the availability of off-the-shelf solvers have led to a large variety of natural language processing tasks being formulated within framework, including semantic role labeling, syntactic parsing, coreference resolution, summarization, transliteration and joint information extraction.
Most of these works use an Integer Linear Programming solver to solve the decision problem. Although theoretically solving an Integer Linear Program is exponential in the size of the decision problem in practice using state-of-the-art solvers and sophisticated formulations large scale problems can be solved efficiently.
- CCM Tutorial Integer Linear Programming in NLP – Constrained Conditional Models, NAACL-2010
- CCM Software Learning Based Java
- University of Illinois Cognitive Computation Group
- Workshop on Integer Linear Programming for Natural Language Processing, NAACL-2009
- Dan Roth and Wen-tau Yih, "A Linear Programming Formulation for Global Inference in Natural Language Tasks." CoNLL, (2004).
- Vasin Punyakanok and Dan Roth and Wen-Tau Yih and Dav Zimak, "Learning and Inference over Constrained Output." IJCAI, (2005).
- Ming-Wei Chang and Lev Ratinov and Dan Roth, "Guiding Semi-Supervision with Constraint-Driven Learning." ACL, (2007).
- Ming-Wei Chang and Lev Ratinov and Dan Roth, "Constraints as Prior Knowledge." ICML Workshop on Prior Knowledge for Text and Language Processing}, (2008).
- Ming-Wei Chang and Dan Goldwasser and Dan Roth and Vivek Srikumar, " Discriminative Learning over Constrained Latent Representations." NAACL, (2010).
- Ming-Wei Chang Dan Goldwasser Dan Roth and Yuancheng Tu, "Unsupervised Constraint Driven Learning For Transliteration Discovery." NAACL, (2009).
- Vasin Punyakanok, Dan Roth, Wen-tau Yih and Dav Zimak, "Semantic Role Labeling via Integer Linear Programming Inference." COLING, (2004).
- Sagae, K. and Miyao, Y. and Tsujii, J., "HPSG Parsing with Shallow Dependency Constraints." ACL, (2007).
- P. Denis and J. Baldridge, "Joint Determination of Anaphoricity and Coreference Resolution using Integer Programming." NAACL-HLT, (2007).
- J. Clarke and M. Lapata, "Global Inference for Sentence Compression: An Integer Linear Programming Approach." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research (JAIR), (2008).
- D. Goldwasser and D. Roth, "Transliteration as Constrained Optimization." EMNLP, (2008).
- D. Roth and W. Yih}, [_URL_ "Global Inference for Entity and Relation Identification via a Linear Programming Formulation."] Introduction to Statistical Relational Learning,MIT Press, (2007).
- André F. T. Martins, Noah A. Smith, and Eric P. Xing, "Concise Integer Linear Programming Formulations for Dependency Parsing." ACL, (2009).


text:
when using vinegar as a cleaning agent for your bricks today and enjoy long-lasting results with peace of mind.
Who needs a power washer when a satisfying game of whack-mold will do the trick?
Alternative cleaning methods for bricks
- Dry Ice Blasting: This method uses dry ice pellets to remove dirt, stains, and grime from brick surfaces. The pressurized ice particles effectively dislodge debris without causing any damage.
- Chemical Cleaning: Various types of chemicals, such as acid-based solutions or environmentally friendly formulas, can be used to dissolve grime and stains on bricks. It is important to choose the appropriate chemical based on the condition of the bricks.
- Power Washing: High-pressure water streams are applied to the brick surface, effectively removing dirt and debris. However, caution must be exercised as excessive pressure can cause damage to the mortar joints.
- Steam Cleaning: Using high-temperature steam, this method loosens dirt and stains from the surface. The steam penetrates into pores and crevices of the bricks, effectively removing stubborn grime.
For a truly efficient cleaning process, it's important to consider certain factors such as the level of soiling, type of brick, and environmental impact.
A good example of alternative cleaning methods in action is demonstrated by a homeowner who successfully restored their old red-brick patio using steam cleaning techniques. With careful application and attention to detail, they were able to revitalize its patio's appearance while preserving its structural integrity.
Warning: If you clean your bricks with vinegar, they might start a picket line demanding equal treatment with other cleaning products.
Step-by-step tutorial on cleaning bricks with vinegar
To achieve spotless bricks without causing damage, follow this step-by-step tutorial on cleaning bricks with vinegar. Begin by gathering the necessary materials for the cleaning process. Prepare the bricks by taking necessary steps. Wet the bricks first, then apply the vinegar solution. Proceed to brush or scrub the bricks gently. Rinse off the solution and finish by drying the bricks thoroughly.
Materials needed for the cleaning process
– Vinegar: This natural and versatile household ingredient is the key to effectively cleaning bricks. Its acidic properties help remove dirt, stains, and grime without causing any damage.
– Water: Mixing vinegar with water creates a gentle yet effective cleaning solution that will not harm the bricks. It dilutes vinegar's acidity while still maintaining its cleaning power.
– Soft-bristle brush: A soft-bristle brush is essential for scrubbing away dirt and grime from the surface of the bricks. It provides enough friction to remove stubborn stains without causing scratches or damage.
– Bucket: A bucket is needed to mix the vinegar and water solution. It allows for easy transportation of the solution and provides a convenient way to dip the brush during the cleaning process.
– Protective gear: When working with vinegar, it's important to protect yourself. Wear gloves to shield your hands from irritation, and consider using safety goggles to prevent any splashes from getting into your eyes.
In addition to these materials, it may be helpful to have a hose or pressure washer nearby for rinsing off the bricks after they have been cleaned. This will ensure that all traces of dirt and cleaning solution are thoroughly removed, leaving your bricks looking fresh and revitalized.
Did you know? Vinegar has been used as a natural cleaner for centuries. The ancient Babylonians were known to clean their buildings with a mixture of vinegar derived from fermented fruits. This historical practice demonstrates just how effective vinegar can be in maintaining clean and beautiful surfaces like brickwork.
Get ready to scrub away dirt and regret, because cleaning bricks with vinegar is a bitter-sweet experience you won't forget!
Preparation steps before using vinegar
Before using vinegar to clean bricks, it is important to prepare properly. Following these steps will ensure effective and efficient cleaning.
- Gather the necessary materials:
- Vinegar (white distilled vinegar works best)
- Bucket or spray bottle
- Scrub brush or stiff bristle brush
- Protective gear (gloves, goggles)
- Prepare the cleaning solution:
- Mix equal parts vinegar and water in the bucket or spray bottle.
- If dealing with stubborn stains, a stronger solution can be used by increasing the vinegar concentration.
- Test a small area:
- Before applying the solution to the entire surface, test it on a small inconspicuous area of the bricks to ensure it does not cause any discoloration or damage.
Now that you have prepared for cleaning with vinegar, don't forget this Pro Tip: Work in small sections at a time, allowing the solution to sit on the bricks for a few minutes before scrubbing. Repeat as necessary until desired results are achieved.
By following these preparation steps, you can confidently proceed with using vinegar to clean your bricks effectively and safely.
Prepare for the wettest workout of your life as we dive into the watery world of brick cleaning!
Step 1: Wetting the bricks
Wetting the bricks is an essential first step in the process of cleaning them. This step helps to loosen dirt and grime, making the cleaning process more effective.
To wet the bricks properly, follow these 4 simple steps:
- Gather your supplies – You'll need a garden hose with a spray nozzle attachment, a bucket of water, and a stiff-bristle brush.
- Start from the top – Begin by spraying water from the top of the wall downwards. This will prevent dirty water from running down onto already-cleaned areas.
- Wet thoroughly – Make sure to thoroughly wet all the bricks, paying extra attention to any particularly dirty or stained areas.
- Scrub gently – After wetting the bricks, use the stiff-bristle brush to scrub away any remaining dirt or grime. Be careful not to scrub too hard or use abrasive tools that could damage the bricks.
Additionally, it's important to note that using vinegar as part of the cleaning solution can help remove stubborn stains on bricks. However, it's recommended to test a small area first to ensure that it does not cause any discoloration.
In a similar vein, my neighbor once shared her experience with cleaning her old brick patio. She followed this same step-by-step tutorial and was amazed at how much dirt and moss were hiding beneath the surface. The wetting process alone made a significant difference in revealing the true beauty of her patio's original brickwork.
Beware, the bricks may get a little saucy as you smother them in vinegar, but trust me, it's their favorite dirty little secret!
Step 2: Applying vinegar solution to the bricks
Applying vinegar solution to the bricks helps in effectively cleaning and restoring their appearance. Follow this 6-step guide to achieve optimum results:
- Prepare the vinegar solution by mixing equal parts of white vinegar and water in a spray bottle.
- Spray the vinegar solution generously onto the surface of the bricks, ensuring full coverage.
- Allow the solution to sit on the bricks for about 10-15 minutes to penetrate and break down any dirt or stains.
- Use a stiff-bristled brush or scrubbing pad to scrub the bricks gently in circular motions, focusing on areas with stubborn grime.
- Rinse off the bricks thoroughly with clean water to remove any leftover vinegar residue.
- Finally, allow the bricks to air dry completely before evaluating the cleaning results.
To enhance your cleaning process, remember this pro tip: Before applying vinegar solution, it's advisable to test it on a small inconspicuous area of the bricks to ensure compatibility and avoid potential damage.
Get ready to channel your inner Cinderella and scrub those bricks until they shine, or at least until you can no longer feel your arms.
Step 3: Brushing or scrubbing the bricks
Brushing or scrubbing the bricks is an essential step in the cleaning process. Let's dive into a three-step guide to ensure your bricks are thoroughly cleaned and restored to their original beauty.
- First, gather the necessary materials for this task. You will need a stiff-bristle brush or scrub brush, a bucket of soapy water, and a hose or pressure washer. Ensure you have everything within easy reach before starting.
- Next, wet the bricks with water from your hose or pressure washer. This will help loosen any dirt or grime that has accumulated on the surface. Be sure to cover all areas evenly, working from top to bottom.
- Once the bricks are wet, dip your brush into the bucket of soapy water and begin scrubbing. Use firm pressure and circular motions to effectively remove stains and dirt. Pay extra attention to any heavily soiled areas.
Additionally, if you encounter stubborn stains or mildew, consider using a specialized brick cleaner or vinegar solution for more effective results. However, be cautious when using acidic solutions like vinegar as they may damage certain types of bricks. Always test on a small inconspicuous area first.
As a historical note, brick cleaning techniques have evolved over time. In ancient civilizations such as Egypt and Mesopotamia, mud or clay was used to clean bricks by hand. The invention of brushes and other cleaning tools in later centuries made the process more efficient and less labor-intensive.
Overall, brushing or scrubbing is an integral step in restoring your bricks' appearance. By following these steps with care and using appropriate cleaning products, you can achieve impressive results without compromising the integrity of your beautiful brickwork.
Warning: Rinsing the bricks may cause the sudden urge to start a water fight. Proceed with caution, and maybe some water balloons.
Step 4: Rinsing the bricks
Rinsing the bricks is an essential step in the brick cleaning process. By thoroughly rinsing the bricks, you can remove any remaining vinegar residue and ensure that they are clean and ready for use.
Here is a step-by-step guide to effectively rinse the bricks:
- Start by preparing a bucket of clean water. Make sure the water is at room temperature, as extreme temperatures can potentially damage the bricks.


text:
Caltech and UCSD Scientists Establish Leech as Model for Study of Reproductive Behavior
PASADENA, Calif.—Researchers at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) and the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) have discovered that injecting a simple hormone into leeches creates a novel way to study how hormones and the nervous system work together to produce species-specific reproductive behavior.
A paper describing the work appears in the March 11 online edition of the journal Current Biology.
Daniel Wagenaar, Broad Senior Research Fellow in Brain Circuitry at Caltech and first author of the paper, found that injecting a particular hormone into a medicinal leech (Hirudo verbana) induced a series of movements that closely mimic natural reproductive behavior, including a stereotypical 180-degree twisting of the body. Wagenaar's studies were initiated at UCSD.
The twisting, which occurs with a period of approximately five minutes—making it one of the slowest behavioral rhythms ever discovered, aside from diurnal and annual rhythms—serves to align the reproductive pores on the ventral (under) side of one leech with the complementary pores on the ventral side of a partner, thus facilitating copulation. Without this behavior, copulation would fail.
"In many animal species, sexual reproduction involves highly specific and complex behaviors at all stages from courtship to copulation and beyond," Wagenaar says. "Most animals perform these behaviors without any learning, which strongly suggests that the behaviors are somehow 'hardwired' in their nervous systems."
The relationship between the activity of nerve cells and leech behavior has been very well studied, and the simplicity of the leech nervous system, which contains only about 15,000 neurons—orders of magnitude fewer than even a mosquito—has greatly facilitated this work.
The studies described in Wagenaar's paper were inspired by the combination of the complex behaviors of leeches breeding in the laboratory and its relatively simple nervous system.
Reproduction is one of the most important activities of all animal species, Wagenaar notes, but in leeches, as in other sexually reproducing species, it has proven difficult to understand how this critical behavior is produced by activity in the nervous system.
"Few animals will execute reproductive behaviors while they are being subjected to neurobiological recording methods," Wagenaar says.
Wagenaar and his colleagues got around the relative reticence of the leeches by injecting them with a type of hormone found in a wide variety of animals. In humans and in other mammals, two versions of this hormone—vasopressin and oxytocin—play a powerful role in reproductive physiology and pair-bonding. Leeches also produce a member of this hormone family, called hirudotocin. The groups at UCSD and Caltech discovered that the hormone plays a role in normal leech mating behavior.
Within minutes after a leech has received an injection of hirudotocin, it displays a variety of courtship behaviors, even if it is alone in a container. During courtship, leeches open their mouths wide and explore the bodies of potential partners by running the mouth along the skin, while also twisting their bodies like a corkscrew. These behaviors were known to be elicited by hirudotocin and other closely related members of the vasopressin molecular family.
"Hirudotocin is produced by the leech, but under ordinary conditions it may be present in very small quantities," Wagenaar says. "By injecting a relatively large quantity of the hormone, we may, in a sense, overwhelm the system. Whereas small doses only increase the tendency toward the behavior, allowing other cues to override it (as in the natural case), larger doses make this tendency so strong that nothing else can get in the way."
Using progressively more reduced leech preparations—that is, smaller and smaller pieces of a leech—the scientists identified the part of its central nervous system responsible for generating the mating behavior. "One of the attractions of the lower invertebrates is that you can literally cut them in pieces, and each of the pieces will more or less keep performing the function it would have performed in the whole animal," Wagenaar explains.
"We started out studying the behavior of whole animals that we simply injected with the hormone. Then we cut leeches in thirds and injected each part with hormone, and found that the hormone acted only in the central part, which contains the reproductive organs. We then cut open that central part and stretched out the skin so we could study in more detail the muscle contractions underlying the behavior of the whole animal."
"Finally," he says, "we removed the body entirely, keeping just the nervous system, and found that even the disembodied central nervous system"—in particular, the ganglia (clusters of nerve cell bodies) located in the reproductive segments of the leech—"produced the appropriate nerve signals to generate the pattern of muscle activity we had observed."
"Our next project will be to use voltage-sensitive dyes to record signals from a large fraction of all the neurons in the reproductive ganglia, to find which ones contribute to generating and maintaining the behavior," he adds.
Wagenaar and his colleagues believe these studies establish the leech as a new model system for studying how hormones act on the nervous system to produce mating behavior, and for deciphering the specific neural circuits that control the behavior.
"The knowledge gained from these studies," adds study coauthor Kathleen French of UCSD, "is expected to shed new light on the interactions of hormones and neurons in controlling courtship and reproductive behavior in a wide variety of sexually reproducing species, from the lowly leech to humans in a singles bar."
The paper, "A Hormone-Activated Central Pattern Generator for Courtship," was also coauthored by M. Sarhas Hamilton, and William B. Kristan, Jr.; and Tracy Huang of the University of California, Berkeley. The work was supported by the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, the Broad Foundations, Microsoft Research, and a private gift from Richard Geckler.
Written by Kathy Svitil


Why you should keep your head in the clouds
Why do clouds get a bad rap?
Why do clouds get a bad rap?
 Why do clouds get a bad rap?
Why do clouds get a bad rap? 02:19
Story highlights
 - Gavin Pretor-Pinney: Clouds entrance kids, but for adults are often metaphors for gloom
 - But he says they are one of the most diverse, evocative, poetic parts of nature.
 - He says scientists puzzled by what clouds can tell about predicting future climate change
 - Pretor-Pinney: In frenzied age, cloudspotting legitimately, blissfully allows us to do nothing
Clouds intrigued me as a boy. I was curious about what they were made of, how they got up in the sky and what it would be like to sit on one. I also thought they looked beautiful.
Kids are often entranced by clouds. Unfortunately, such positive feelings rarely endure into adulthood. As we grow up, we start to moan about clouds.
We consider them as metaphors for doom and gloom, describing someone who's depressed as "having a cloud hanging over them" and bad news in store as "a cloud on the horizon."
Watch Gavin Pretor-Pinney's TED Talk
Clouds get a bad press. That's why, a few years ago, I started the Cloud Appreciation Society. It exists to remind people that, far from being things to complain about, clouds are among of the most diverse, evocative, and poetic parts of nature.
TED.com: Sculpting waves in wood and time
It must be because they are so commonplace, so ubiquitous, so everyday, that we become blind to the beauty of clouds. We only tend to notice them when they block out the sun. So they come to represent the annoying obstructions in life, the things that get in the way.
Pretor-Pinney: Cloudy with a chance of joy
Pretor-Pinney: Cloudy with a chance of joy
 Pretor-Pinney: Cloudy with a chance of joy
Pretor-Pinney: Cloudy with a chance of joy 10:54
Our feelings about the weather are often articulated as if there is a battle between the sun and the clouds -- between good weather and cloudy weather. Such an opposition is, of course, just projection. The sun's energy powers the very movement of air around our atmosphere that causes clouds to form. "The most beautiful thing in Nature," wrote Henry David Thoreau, "is the sun reflected from a tearful cloud."
TED.com: Tom Shannon on anti-gravity sculpture
Not only should we appreciate clouds more, we also need to understand them better. The recent fifth report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change includes one conclusion that all sides of the climate change debate can agree on. This is that the one factor contributing the greatest uncertainty in scientists' attempts to predict future global temperatures is the clouds.
They have a huge and complex effect on the flow of energy to and from our planet, sometimes reflecting away the sun's heat, sometimes trapping in Earth's warmth. Scientists still don't understand enough about the formation of clouds to predict with confidence how cloud cover will be affected by changing atmospheric conditions. Without knowing that, they can neither be sure how the clouds will amplify future changes in global temperatures and nor make confident predictions about our climate in decades to come.
But on the ground, in the meantime, the pleasures of cloudspotting, are all about the here and now. There is a satisfaction in learning to recognize the different types of cloud, from the fair-weather cumulus to the high, wispy cirrus, the fierce cumulonimbus storm cloud and the many other rare, unusual and fleeting cloud forms.
TED.com: Nature, beauty, gratitude
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Join us on Facebook/CNNOpinion.


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Entity Framework Extensions Eval.Execute
Description
You can execute C# expression at runtime using the Eval-Expression.NET library.
You can download it here: Download
The Eval-Expression.NET library can be activated with the Entity Framework Extensions license.
You can specify parameter value to use in the expression in various way:
 - Anonymous Type
 - Argument Position
 - Class Member
 - Dictionary
Under the hood, the fist time an expression is executed, it's getting compiled and the delegate is stored in the memory before being returned and executed. All future calls from the same expression will retrieve the delegate from the memory to optimize the performance.
Even with this optimization, if you have to evaluate multiple times the same expression, by example in a for loop, we highly recommend you to use directly the delegate returning from the Compile method instead.
Execute and return a strongly typed result
You can return the result as a strongly typed type:
 - Eval.Execute<TResult>(string code)
 - Eval.Execute<TResult>(string code, object parameters)
 - Eval.Execute<TResult>(string code, params object[] parameters)
Example
// Parameter: Anonymous Type
int result = Eval.Execute<int>("X + Y", new { X = 1, Y = 2} );
// Parameter: Argument Position
int result = Eval.Execute<int>("{0} + {1}", 1, 2);
// Parameter: Class Member
dynamic expandoObject = new ExpandoObject();
expandoObject.X = 1;
expandoObject.Y = 2;
int result = Eval.Execute<int>("X + Y", expandoObject);
// Parameter: Dictionary Key
var values = new Dictionary<string, object>() { {"X", 1}, {"Y", 2} };
int result = Eval.Execute<int>("X + Y", values);
Try it online
Execute and return an object result
You can return the result as an object:
 - Eval.Execute(string code)
 - Eval.Execute(string code, object parameters)
 - Eval.Execute(string code, params object[] parameters)
// Parameter: Anonymous Type
object result = Eval.Execute("X + Y", new { X = 1, Y = 2} );
// Parameter: Argument Position
object result = Eval.Execute("{0} + {1}", 1, 2);
// Parameter: Class Member
dynamic expandoObject = new ExpandoObject();
expandoObject.X = 1;
expandoObject.Y = 2;
object result = Eval.Execute("X + Y", expandoObject);
// Parameter: Dictionary Key
var values = new Dictionary<string, object>() { {"X", 1}, {"Y", 2} };
object result = Eval.Execute("X + Y", values);
Try it online
Contents
Related


rain.
 7. Remove four clips that hold on each side of climate control panel (panel is located between driver and passenger seats). Gently pull it away from its mount and set it aside.
 8. Remove six bolts holding down both air conditioning units. NOTE: If your Mini Cooper has power windows, you will also need to remove the window motor.
 9. Disconnect the power cable from the air conditioning unit. If your Mini Cooper does not have power windows, simply remove the six bolts and set the air conditioning unit aside.
Now is a good time to test your car's heating system by turning on the heat and setting the temperature to "high." You should be able to feel the heat coming from under the car. If you cannot, check to make sure all of the screws, clips, and bolts have been removed from the heating system before proceeding.
 1. Locate and remove two screws that hold on each side of dashboard in front of drivers seat (see image).
 2. Grip one end of dashboard with a wrench and pull it towards you. Be careful not to damage the electrical connectors that are hidden behind it.
 3. Remove the dashboard by unscrewing four screws located in the corners.
 4. Disconnect the power cable from the climate control unit.
 5. If your Mini Cooper has power windows, you will also need to remove the window motor.
 6. Set the climate control unit aside.
 7. Reach behind the drivers seat and remove two screws that hold on the metal frame that separates it from the dashboard (see image).
 8. Carefully pull out the metal frame and set it aside.
 9. Grip one end of the metal frame with a wrench and pull it towards you. Be careful not to damage any of the wiring connections that are hidden behind it.
 10. Remove the metal frame and set it aside.
 11. Disconnect the two connectors that are hidden behind the drivers seat (see image).
 12. Grip one end of the connector with a wrench and pull it towards you. Be careful not to damage any of the wiring connections that are hidden behind it.
 13. Disconnect the power cable from the climate control unit.
 14. If your Mini Cooper has power windows, you will also need to remove the window motor.
 15. Set the climate control unit aside.
 16. Reach behind the drivers seat and remove two screws that hold on the metal frame that separates it from the dashboard (see image).
 17. Carefully pull out the metal
Connecting the Block Heater to Your Mini Cooper
Step 1: Remove the front panel of your mini Cooper. Start by unscrewing the two screws on either side of the panel. Once they are removed, carefully pull off the panel.
Step 2: Place the block heater on a flat surface and connect its power supply to the terminal that is labeled "+12V" on the block heater. Connect this same terminal to one of your car's 12V ports.
Step 3: Reconnect your mini Cooper's front panel and tighten all screws before remounting it in place.
Finalizing the Installation and Testing the Block Heater
Installing a block heater in a mini Cooper is a simple process that can be completed in just nine steps. The first step is to remove the center console and floor mats. Next, use the provided installation instructions to locate and remove the block heater from its packaging. Place the block heater on the floor of the Mini Cooper and line up the mounting brackets with slots in the car's frame. Reinstall the console and floor mats, then turn on your Mini Cooper's heaters. Test-drive your car for an hour or so to ensure that everything works properly. Finally, make sure to keep your block heater clean by removing any accumulated dust or debris once a month.
The Pagani Huayra Coupé: Sculpted in Performance
How Long it Takes to Heat Up Your Engine With the Block Heater
Most mini coopers come equipped with block heaters. Block heaters are small, compact devices that can be placed under the engine to help warm it up quickly. While this is a great feature for cold weather, it can take a little longer for the engine to reach its normal operating temperature with a block heater than without one.
Here are nine steps on how to Heat Up Your Mini Cooper With Block Heater:
 1. Make sure you have all of your supplies prepared before beginning. This includes the block heater, some towels or rags, and some sandpaper or a file.
 2. Clean and dry the area where you will be placing the block heater. Make sure there isn't any oil or grease residue present and that there are no sharp objects nearby that could injure yourself while installing the device.
 3. Screw in the power adapter to your outlet and plug in the block heater according to manufacturer instructions. If you plan on using more than one block heater at once, be sure to connect them together in series as shown in Figure 1 below:
Figure 1: Connecting Multiple Block Heaters Together In Series
 1. Once plugged in, turn on yourblock heater by flipping up the switch above it (Figure 2). Allow it to warm up for about 10 minutes before starting maintenance work on your mini cooper .
 2. Raise the car up onto jack stands so that both tires are off of ground. Next, use an extension cord (or another piece of sturdy equipment if available), screw it into one ofthe brake lights on either side ofthe car, then plug into other end of extension cord into power outlet (Figure 3). Now you should have two equal weight cars suspended by cords from above; if not get someone else with stronger arms! You're ready to start tampering with your mini cooper !
Figure 2: The Switch To Turn On TheBlock Heater
Figure 3: Connecting An Extension Cord To One Of The Brake Lights On Either Side ToPower It Up
Art Installation in the Shape of a Loop
Troubleshooting Issues that May Arise During Installation
Gathering the Necessary Supplies
If you are having trouble installing your mini cooper block heater, or if you experience any issues during the process, there are a few things you can do to troubleshoot the problem. First, gather the necessary supplies: a drill, a screwdriver, a wrench, and a level. Next, check to see if your mini cooper block heater is properly plugged in. If it is not, plug it in and test the power by turning the heater on. If it still does not work, check to see if your power outlet is working. Finally, if all of these things fail to solve the problem, you may need to call a professional to install your mini cooper block heater.
Connecting the Wiring Harness
If you are having problems with your mini cooper heater, here are some troubleshooting steps that may help:
 1. Verify the power is being sent to the block heater. The Block Heater should come with a test light that you can use to check for power at the plug-in. If there is no power, make sure all connections are tight and clean and try again.
 2. Make sure you have correctly installed the wiring harness! The connector on the block heater should be facing down when connected to your car's wiring system (look in your car's manual if unsure).
 3. Check that all wires are insulated properly – they should be covered by heat shrinking tubing or shrink wrap once connected to the block heater.
 4. Make sure the block heater is properly mounted in your car. The Block Heater should be placed as close to the engine as possible, with the fan facing down.
 5. Check that the fan is turning – it should be spinning when the car is turned on.
 6. Make sure the block heater is plugged into an outlet and that the power is on.
 7. If all else fails, you may need to replace your block heater.
Testing the Block Heater
Installation of the block heater in a mini Cooper can be a bit tricky, but with a bit of patience and knowledge of how it works, you should be able to get it installed without any problems. However, if you run into any trouble during installation, or if your mini Cooper doesn't seem to be getting the heat it needs from the block heater, here are some troubleshooting tips to help you out.
If your mini Cooper is not getting the heat it needs from the block heater, there are a few things you can check to see if the problem is with the block heater itself or with the wiring connection. First, make sure that the power to the block heater is turned on and that it is plugged into an outlet that is working correctly. Next, check to see if the block heater is plugged into the correct electrical outlet on your vehicle. If you are sure that all of the above checks are good, then it might be a problem with the wiring connection between the block heater and your car's battery. In this case, you may need to consult a professional technician to re-connect the wiring and get your mini Cooper heating up again!
The Importance of Regular Maintenance on Your Mini Cooper's Engine After Installing a Block Heater
Gather Your Tools
Regular engine maintenance is important on any car, but especially so on a mini Cooper that has added the convenience of a block heater. Mini cooper owners should be aware of four key things to keep an eye on when it comes to engine maintenance: air filters, spark plugs, fuel lines and spray jets. All of these components can benefit from regular cleaning and lubrication with proper synthetic oil. Additionally, it's important to inspect the heat exchanger for wear and