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If you recently paved your driveway or sealcoated in Texas, don't fret when you notice tire scuff marks. Tire scuffs are typical on newly constructed asphalt pavements and will vanish with time. Scuffing does not always indicate poorly completed construction or substandard paving. Instead, tire scuffs are rather typical, and measures to terminate them will only devastate the pavement's surface.
Still curious about what drives the tire scuff marks on your asphalt? Our experts on asphalt paving in San Antonio, TX, help you discover the typical causes of tire scuffs on new asphalt.
A pavement with newly applied asphalt is inclined to scuff, particularly when automobiles are given admission before the established pavement cures. Tire scuffing is especially common in the first several months after application when the aggregate remains warm. After that, the pavement becomes invulnerable to scuffs, and the current tire scuffs disappear.
Some individuals' driving habits are pretty poor. Practices such as sharp turns, hard braking, and speeding are infamous for producing skid marks and scuffs on a fresh seal coat. Engaging power steering in a stationary vehicle is another common cause of tire scuffs.
Automobiles with front-wheel drive mainly cause scuffing, particularly when you rotate the front wheels while the vehicle is idle. Protective measures can control people's dangerous driving habits on the pavement. First, you can establish security cameras and stop signs. Speed bumps and speed limit signs are other ways to enhance people's driving patterns.
Many areas in Texas have harsh climates, leading to the demand for asphalt. However, the time of the year decides how quickly the pavement cures. Contractors like to apply sealcoating and asphalt paving in San Antonio, TX, at the close of summer or during the autumn months for a reason. All kinds of asphalt aggregate require cool temperatures to cure properly.
When the earth absorbs moisture with warm weather, the asphalt curing process slows and makes the recently laid asphalt sensitive to scuff marks and other impairments from external factors. Hot tires from automobiles arriving off the highway also generate scuffs on the pavement, particularly during hot weather.
Weighty tires found on trucks are likely to form scuff marks more than sedans or smaller automobile tires. Low-profile tires are pretty common today, and unlike traditional tires, low-profile tires require more tire pressure, which compels them to leave scuffs on the pavement. Aggressive tire tread designs also yield tire scuffs.
The asphalt mix composition specifies the efficacy of the pavement to withstand scuffing. If looks are a priority, small aggregates lead to a tight and smooth exterior that looks nice. Sadly, such pavement is inclined to scuffing.
On the other hand, rough aggregates are highly invulnerable to scuffs. Nevertheless, most individuals don't prefer coarse asphalt due to its rugged appearance. A paving contractor will advise you on the asphalt variety that fits your pavement.
Although construction problems hardly happen, they can induce tire scuffing. For example, if the contractor forgets to compact the pavement adequately after applying the asphalt, tire scuffs are unavoidable. Also, the pavement will have scuff marks if the contractor's gear encroaches on freshly spread asphalt before it thoroughly cures.
Luckily, the scuff marks don't endure. They ultimately fade as the asphalt ages. Contact our experts on asphalt paving in San Antonio, TX, today if you need an expert asphalt contractor to handle your asphalt paving and repair services.


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Free Strategy Games
The two games below are related to strategic thinking, which means that you don't play for immediate results, instead you should think ahead of time to plan for a chain of movements before doing anything. How to play the first game:
- Wait for the game to load.
- Press Start from the main menu, and again inside the game.
- You will be in control of a ball, by moving your keyboard arrows up/down, left/right.
- The ball can only push boxes, and cannot pull them.
- The objective is to move it to the end target (which looks like a hole filled with water), once you go inside that hole, you will be transported to the next level, with the help of your creativity you can find a way to pass the level you're playing, remember that the silver ball can only push boxes and not pull them, there are 25 levels in the SilverSphere game can you pass them all? Good luck in improving your brain strategy skills.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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DISCLAIMER: This is a blog post written originally for the Leiden Madtrics blog in which we summarize our findings in our most recent paper published in eLife. The original blog post can be accessed here.
Researchers collaborate specializing in specific tasks. However, the research evaluation system only rewards specific profiles of researchers, threatening the diversity of the science ecosystem.
In this blog post we discuss recent findings on the relation between career trajectories and task specialization. Research careers are commonly envisioned in evaluation schemes as homogeneous pathways in which individuals have to take a series of steps to advance. In each of these steps, researchers must comply with certain expectations, usually so embedded into our way of thinking of scientists that many countries and supranational agencies even explicitly address what is expected of individuals at each stage. The rationale behind this is to ensure that career paths align with academic positions, and describe the whole process from apprentice to colleague.
Examples of such simplified vision of research careers can be found for instance in the Research Profiles defined by the European Commission (Figure 1), in which four stages are defined along with the expectations and requirements needed to reach each of them. In the description of such profiles words such as excellence and leadership are common, in many cases even used as interchangeable, sending the message that a hierarchical structure is expected in research teams, and that this hierarchical structure is directly linked to seniority. But one might question to what extent those expectations match reality. Is there such a strong link between career stages and researcher profiles? And what happens when researchers deviate from such expected roles?
In this post we discuss our findings after designing a model based on a machine learning algorithm to predict the probability of scientists to contribute in specific ways over their complete career, based on the contribution statements of a seed of their publications. Based on our predictions we were able to identify different archetypes of researchers across career stages. We distinguished between four career stages and compared differences between archetypes of researchers based on their career length, productivity, citation impact and gender. We observed differences on career length based on the archetype, plus gender differences on the type of profile researchers have at their early-career.
Distribution of labour and archetypes
There is increasing evidence that scientists tend to specialize on specific tasks during their career in order to be more efficient when collaborating to distribute the work among co-authors. Authors' contribution to publications is commonly associated with their position in author order, signaling middle positions as those conducting more technical and specialised (e.g., applying advanced methodologies) tasks, while first and last positions are commonly reserved to those leading the work. Of course, if the unique career path ideal resembles reality, one would expect junior scientists to be earning their stripes first in middle positions and contributing with technical expertise and later on moving towards leading roles. But in a recent study published in PNAS, the authors suggested that there is an increasing number of middle authors who never reach these leading positions, and furthermore, that their presence is crucial to ensure scientific progress. But, is their middle position related to task specialisation as they seemed to imply?
To answer this question, we trained a prediction model using a dataset of over 70,000 publications from PLOS journals (all data has been made openly accessible). This model used bibliographic and bibliometric variables to predict the probability of a given author to conduct a given contribution. We then retrieved the complete publication history of over 200,000 researchers from the original dataset, and predicted the probability of contributions for each paper and author. Figure 2 shows the distribution of our predicted probabilities distinguished by the career stage in which researchers conduct each contribution.
Just from inspecting these distributions, we do observe that some contributions are indeed more aligned with career stages than others, but that such distinction is not as clear as one would imagine. Still, we are not able to discern if individuals consistently carry on the same contributions when collaborating.
This is where we used Robust Archetypal Analysis, a technique that identifies archetypes, which accentuates specific features of individuals' population. To our surprise we found consistent similarities between archetypes across stages, with two archetypes at the junior stage (specialized and supporting), three at the earlyand mid-career stages (leader, specialized and supporting), and two at the late-career stage (leader and supporting). Leader profiles are characterized by high probabilities on writing the paper and conceiving and designing the study. Specialized archetypes are researchers who are in charge of performing experiments, but also may play a role on the writing, conception of the study and analysis of data. Finally, supporting authors conduct more marginal contributions to papers.
Career trajectories, productivity, impact and gender
The archetypal analysis provides evidence that scientists specialize on specific tasks during their careers, but do they exhibit the same profile during their whole trajectory? Are there differences in their performance? Do we observe differences by gender on the profile of scientists? To answer these questions, an archetype was assigned to each researcher, at each career stage, and the trajectories of archetypes inspected. Figure 3 shows these flows. The first thing we notice is that a researcher's profile seems to influence their possibility of making it to the next stage. A larger share of leaders make it to the next stage, followed by specialized and last, supporting. Furthermore, leader profiles seem to be more versatile than the rest, that is, they seem to more easily shift from the leading profile to any of the other two.
In terms of productivity and citations however, leaders and supporters show a better performance than specialists. This means that evaluation based on productivity and citation metrics may be undermining specific and indeed valuable profiles of researchers. But most worryingly, we find that there are gender differences at the early-career stage. That is, most male scientists at this stage show either a specialized or leader profile, while for women there is a strong bias towards the former. At this critical stage, this could be affecting women's career prospects in a definite way, as their performance is hindered by the type of tasks they perform, as our results suggest.
Revising assumptions and looking forward
This study is part of the 'Unveiling the Ecosystem of Science' project, in which we aim to systematically analyze the diversity of profiles in science, with the hope of devising methodological tools that can improve current evaluation systems. With this specific study we also look into the potential of surpassing the well-known limitations of authorship by going beyond equal attribution of credit among authors. An example of this can be observed in Figure 4, where we look at the share of scientists by archetype and career stage publishing either as first, middle or last author. Here we observe that neither seniority nor archetype are always the ruling criteria as normally assumed.
With this study we hope to continue the conversation into looking at diversity in science. How to design tools that can improve our understanding of this diversity, and design evaluation tools that can contribute to maximize efforts and ensure an hospitable work environment for researchers. We need to ensure that evaluations do not add constraints and stress that can destabilize the ecosystem of science. Narrow definitions of excellence and poorly designed research careers, not only work against the progress of science, but affect attitudes towards success and failure, as it "generate(s) hubris and anxiety among the winners and humiliation and resentment among the losers".

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


What is Healthy Congregations?
Healthy Congregations, Inc. is an ecumenical, not for profit educational and consulting agency which focuses on providing resources for training in understanding emotional process in communities of faith, families and organizations.
Isn't it a program for Christians?
Initially begun as a project based on Peter Steinke's book How Your Church Family Works, this series of six workshops has transformed congregations (including UU) and synagogues all over the country by helping them understand and respond faithfully to emotional process in their communities of faith, their families and other organizations. UU District Executives Connie Goodbread and the Rev. Dr. Richard Speck have adapted the materials for our use in order to be compatible with Unitarian Universalist theologies, which is called "Smart Church."
Who should take Healthy Congregations Training?
Your Central East Regional Group (CERG) staff recommends that every congregation send its leaders to a Healthy Congregations series of trainings. We are committed to offering this program in various geographic locations by certified facilitators on a regular basis so that your congregation can send new leaders every two or three years.
What will our leaders learn if they take this training?
 1. Accept differences
 2. Focus on mission rather than getting along, the past or survival.
 3. Focus on strengths
 4. Respond to anxiety and change
 5. Respond to conflict
 6. Act flexibly and creatively
 7. Leaders promote congregational health through presence and functioning rather than technique, skill or program
 8. Challenge people rather than comfort
 9. Leaders provide immune capacities rather than encouraging disease processes
 10. People respond graciously and truthfully
 11. People develop caring relationships rather than willful transactions
 12. People empower others rather than dominate or cure
 13. Recognize the interdependent web of life, rather than looking at isolated parts
 14. Practice stewardship gratefully and willingly
 15. Combine money and a faithful life
 16. Share lives rather than thinking only of self
 17. Hospitality is offered for all
 18. Beginning again is a way of life
This seems like a lot of time and expense. Is it worth it?
This kind of training offers a depth that will enable your leaders to help shift the culture of your congregation. The first couple of workshops provide an overview of the concepts, then the rest of the workshops will enable your leaders to go deeper into how systems thinking will help you in various parts of congregational life, providing a foundation for real and lasting change.
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Neville is a Glasshouse Mountains artist who exhibits nationally and internationally. He works primarily with printmaking and specialises in linoprints. He also expresses his imaginings by creating handmade Artists Books which are held in various collections in Australia and overseas.
Neville's art is sometimes landscape, sometimes whimsical and most times thought provoking as he explores the chiaroscuro of black & white prints, or he splashes into vibrant colour.
"It all begins with a drawing which for me is a means of toying with ideas. Drawing allows me to imagine concepts and explore specks of notions and layouts or trains of thought and the use of space relationships"
Fifteen years in Northern Territory heavily influenced his art. From working in several remote Indigenous art centres to experiencing distance and solitude, Neville has honed his perceptions of space and human impact while he thinks he has come to better appreciate nature.


Center for Independent Healthcare Education's mission is to enhance the quality of patient care by providing the healthcare team with independent, fair balanced, and scientifically sound educational initiatives that impact their knowledge, competence, and performance. These evidence-based educational initiatives, comprising both live and enduring activities, aim to improve patient outcomes by imparting knowledge and changing behavior of the healthcare team.
We employ instructional strategies for adult learning that address target audience's knowledge gaps and learning preferences. We deliver scientific, evidence-based information that encourages learners to reflect on clinical practice and apply what they learned, enhancing competence and performance.
Center fulfills its mission by successfully partnering with non-accredited medical education organizations to jointly provide continuing education activities.
 - _URL_


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5th Element K-2 Class @ New Castle
Children in kindergarten through 2nd grade are invited to the New Castle Branch Library on Friday, January 11 from 12 to 2 p.m. to learn how to make monoprints with Ms. Margaret Cooke. Children will learn different ways to print images that can be duplicated again and again. Children will make monoprints using kitchen gadgets, fruit or vegetables, stamps, sponge prints, and block printing. (Kids are encouraged to wear an old t-shirt for this program.) Supplies and snacks will be provided. This class is limited to 25 children, and preregistration is required to attend this event. Please call _PHONE_ or go to _URL_ to preregister.


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What is concrete written language? It is writing that is full of words that represent things we can see, hear, taste, touch and smell. We can see clouds. We can hear sirens. We can taste beer. We can touch the skin. We can smell perfume. See what I mean?
Concrete language is the opposite of vague language.
When a writer uses too much vague language, the writing loses impact. This is why it is better to show emotion then it is to tell the reader what emotion one or more characters are feeling.
If a character is in love, don't tell the reader that the character is in love. Show that the character is in love. And how does a writer show that a character is in love? There are several ways. Through the character's mannerisms, actions and dialogue. And when a writer does this, that writer's character will come alive for the reader because the reader will be able to see and hear that the character is in love.
That is much more satisfying for a reader than the writer telling the reader that the character is in love. Concrete language = show don't tell writing.
My Ebook of show don't tell fiction is ready for download on the Home Page of this blog.


motor is located under the top step and actuates a mechanical linkage to extend and retract the steps. The motor is robust and reliable but can fail due to age or if operated with debris preventing the step from moving.
Electric RV Step Motor Voltage Check
Make sure that the electric RV step motor is operating when it receives 12VDC. To check this, you need to disconnect the motor from the controller.
Check the DC voltage reading using a multimeter. Activate it and make sure that it has a reading of 12 volts. If it shows a positive or negative 12 volts, then there's possibly something wrong with your motor.
Check For Power at The Control Board.
The motor controller board is the brains of your RV steps. This ensures that you can control the RV steps with a push of a button or by flicking a toggle switch. It features a motherboard that is weather resistant but can fail over time due to a life in harsh environments.
Motor Controller Board
The control board takes the incoming signals from the switches and decides whether the steps should extend or retract. to control the extension and retraction voltage is sent in different directions through the motor.
Electric RV Step Motor Control Board Checks
Your electric RV step might not be working due to a bad motor control board. Check to make sure all the plugs from the motor, switches, and grounds are securely connected to the module and devices.
Disconnect the input power cable that provides voltage from the battery to the motor control board. The controller is a black box mounted beneath the top step.
Use a voltmeter to check for 12VDC on the power wire which is typically red. Also, verify the green ground wire is properly secured to the chassis of the motorhome or trailer.
There's also a power cable that extends from the step motor to the controller. Check for loose cables and ensure they're dry and free from corrosion and dust as these can stop it from functioning.
Check for power at the switches.
The switches have to be activated for the voltage to reach the motor and extend or retract the electric steps of your motorhome. Make sure there is no corrosion on the switch connections and that the wires are making good connections.
Extend Retract Rocker Switch
This is the switch that you use to either extend or retract the electric RV steps manually. This comes in different shapes and styles, but the usual ones are toggle or rocker switches to move the electric steps up and down.
Magnetic Switch
On Automatic RV steps, the magnetic switch is the one that makes your steps extend when the door opens and ensures that your RV steps retract when the door closes. There is a magnetic switch found on the sides of the door and the door frame. These should be aligned perfectly for the electric steps to automatically retract.
Voltage Check
Ensure that the rocker switch is working properly by using a voltmeter to check for the 12 volts DC located at the back of the switch.
Check the DC voltage by measuring with a voltmeter between the contacts of the switch. The voltmeter should read 12VDC if the button is not pressed and 0VDC when the button is pressed.
If the switch is removed it can be checked with the meter on the resistance setting Ω. The meter should read OL with the switch not pressed and 0Ω with the button pressed. The resistance check can only be done with the switch disconnected from power.
RV Step Maintenance
Electric RV steps are mostly maintenance-free. But that doesn't mean you don't need to take care of them. Make it a habit to clean them regularly. Use a brush to clean its sides and hinges and remove any debris that may get caught in them.
Also, lubricate the steps at least once every month. Use a lithium-based grease when lubricating. You can also spray some lubricant to every point. Inspect the wires regularly to make sure they are secured properly and ensure that all connections are tight and secure.
Final Thoughts
By simply following the tips mentioned in this article, you should have all the knowledge to correct the problem of your RV steps not working. You should be able to save money by fixing your RV steps and get more familiar with their operation and regular maintenance.
Fix It Yourself RV Maintenance Course
The most costly parts of RV ownership are repairs and maintenance. That's why I recommend learning to do your own RV repair and maintenance.
The Fix It Yourself RV Maintenance Course is the perfect way to learn how to do the most common repairs and maintenance on your RV. A Certified RV Technician wrote and filmed the course so you know the information is actually correct.
Plus it's downloadable so you can access it from anywhere, even when boondocking in the middle of nowhere with no service.
Find out more about the best RV Maintenance and Repair Course available!
Sours: _URL_
The hand quickly dived between her legs and turned on the vibrator to the fullest. to the pussy and pressing my whole palm, I began to rub the entire crotch in a circular motion. touching the clitoris, crushing my wet lips and pressing on the urethral hole. Strong shocks from behind. The ass lifted up and just fell with all its large mass on the protruding one dick.
Step working motorhome not
Well, soon dinner, and tomorrow the wedding. The half-dead folder and his brother, Uncle Sasha, my namesake, were laid in the room on the floor, on mattresses, they were completely unable to move. And a "friend" came to Liza, such a wicked girl of 18 years old, Lera-Lerochka, we sat at the table for a long time - the.
Most Common Problem w/ RV AUTO STEPS - Solved My Kwikee Step Woes - RV Life
I felt real bliss. He fucked me in the ass, I moved to the beat of him. It accelerated and slowed down.
You will also be interested:
Roman also threw out all his passion, and could not move. Finally kissing his soul mate, he thanked her for the pleasure provided, and they began to put themselves in order. After taking a shower, the couple went to their nest, where a more stormy night awaited them.
_PHONE_ _PHONE_ 1193


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First published on MSDN on Jun 01, 2015
Two previous blog posts, here and here , detail the inner workings of the new ConfigMgr 2012 application model. When properly used the application model is a capable mechanism to help administrators manage and track applications throughout their lifecycle. As administrators use and are successful with the application model their understanding of its various capabilities increase along with a willingness to investigate how the application model can be better leveraged to solve unique business scenarios. There are several places in the application model that administrators might leverage to uniquely address specific needs. This article focuses on the detection methods available for an application and how they can be used to do more than just detect whether an application is installed.
For this example, consider that Tailspin Toys has an interest in moving to the application model but, due to the need to support legacy business systems, that move is viewed as difficult. The legacy systems in question require the creation of a local 'flag' file on systems where deployments are executed to indicate to legacy systems that the deployment was successful. These 'flag' files may also contain other information relevant to the deployment.
Because of the stated requirements a decision has been made to continue repackaging and delivering deployments with the legacy package model, which has been useful to support these legacy systems historically.
If the above decision were to be made it would result in the continued use of a legacy approach to package creation and delivery and also likely lead to significant delays in updating dependent legacy systems. Instead, what options exist with the application model to solve this scenario? There is no feature of the application model that will allow deploying a 'flag' file as part of application deployment after all! If limiting only to 'in box' options as described that statement is correct. With some inventive thinking, though, the application model is fully capable of solving this scenario.
From the title of this article it is obvious that discussion will focus on the detection methods available in the application model. Before getting into details of the example scenario a review of the options available for detection is useful.
Application detection methods are used to determine whether the application is installed. If an application is deployed to a system where it is already present, then a properly configured detection method will find that application and the application reinstall will be avoided. If the application is not present it will be installed and the configured detection method will be used to verify the installation once complete. An install that can be verified by the detection method will be viewed as successful while an install that cannot be verified with the configured detection method will be seen as a failure. For required application installs the detection method will be reevaluated every 7 days (be default and changeable in client settings) to confirm the application remains installed. If the application is still installed no further action is taken. If the required application is no longer installed it is reinstalled.
There are four categories of options that can be used for a detection method – MSI, File/Folder, Registry and Script.
An MSI detection method leverages the unique product ID of an MSI application to determine if that application has been installed. In addition to the product ID it is possible to also configure a version check. For a manufacturer supplied MSI this method is reliable. For applications that have been repackaged into an MSI take care to make sure the configured detection method is actually configured to detect the installed application rather than the repackaged MSI. Failure to do so can lead to failure or inaccuracy in other areas of the application model.
For applications other than MSI's or if a detection method is preferred that does not rely on the MSI then file system based detection is an option. With this option it is possible to configure detection of specific files and folders that must be present in order to consider the application installed.
Most modern applications will write to the registry during install. If this is the case for the application being deployed the registry can be a very useful choice for detection method. Detection logic configured here can focus on any registry hive – HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG, HKEY_CURRENT_USER, HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE or HKEY_USERS – and configuration can focus on a specific key or a specific value.
Scripts – the ultimate in flexibility! If a detection method is needed that is beyond what can be delivered with other options detection scripts provide a great solution. There are three supported scripting languages – VBScript, PowerShell and Jscript. The script window isn't much of an editor so use an external editor to build the script and, when ready, paste into ConfigMgr.
With script the detection options are almost infinite and it is scripts that are the solution to the scenario described earlier. The scenario details specify that a 'flag' file be created to indicate that an application is installed. If the application is not installed the 'flag' file should not be present. In addition, the contents of the 'flag' file need to contain certain detail. A scripted detection method is the perfect solution to not only handle detecting the application in a more modern and sophisticated way but also can handle creation or deletion of the 'flag' file depending on the results of the detection.
Two script examples are show – the first and more complete one was built using VBScript. The second and bare bones script was built using PowerShell.
Putting it all together
Bear in mind that there is no requirement to only use one type of detection. Mix and match as much as needed between MSI, file/folder and registry. Note that with script there is no ability to add other options. Whatever the choice bear in mind to avoid creating detection logic that is unnecessarily time consuming.
Finally, the scenario described is but one example scenario. Many more scenarios exist that may not exactly fit within the application model on first inspection but with additional thought many things are very workable.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


The atg.repository.QueryBuilder interface defines the available query operations that repositories should support. The QueryBuilder interface enables you to build Query objects that can be passed to the repository. A Query is constructed from QueryExpressions. Each Query relates one or more QueryExpressions and a query operation. There are standard logical query operations, such as AND, OR, NOT, EQUALS, GREATER THAN, LESS THAN OR EQUALS, plus more complicated query operations like collection inclusion, pattern matching, and others. The implementation of QueryBuilder does not have to support all query operations — it depends on what query features the data store supports. For unsupported query operations, the method should throw a RepositoryException. You can use the atg.repository.QueryOptions class to limit the size of a query's result set or otherwise modify the query.
Query Creation Example
The following example creates a query that returns all repository items whose gender property is female:
loading table of contents...


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Is a feminist experiment in imagining and imagining the earth and its weather systems using DIY tools. Co-led by designer Sophie Dyer and geographer Sasha Engelmann, the collective produces artworks, workshops, and educational resources based on received weather satellite transmissions.
Out of these activities a transient network of participants has grown around the project, currently numbering more than 100 DIY Satellite Ground Station operators around the world, from Buenos Aires to Berlin. In the tradition of intersectional feminism, Open-weather investigates the politics of location and interlocking forms of oppression that shape our capacities to observe, negotiate, and respond to the climate crisis. In doing so, the collective challenges dominant representations of the Earth and environment while adding complexity to ideas around the weather beyond meteorology.


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To return the resources used in automobiles to the stock of resources available for use in automobiles, Toyota is taking up the challenge of developing recycling technologies for ELVs (End-of-Life Vehicles). In 1998, Toyota's plant for recycling ASR (Automobile Shredder Residue) from ELVs began operations. Further, Toyota established the Automobile Recycle Technical Center in 2001 and is engaged in the research and development of new dismantling technologies.
In 1993, Toyota, together with Toyota Metal Co., Ltd., began to develop technology for recycling/recovery of ASR and constructed the world's first mass-production recycling plant, with a capacity of recycling about 15,000 ELVs per month. The plant went into operation in August 1998.
The Recycling Plant (Toyota Metal Co., Ltd.)
The ASR Recycling Plant sorts and recycles copper and glass, as well as raw materials for RSPP*. Sorted and recovered resins, rubber, etc. are used as an alternative to kerosene fuel
Urethane foam and fabric, the major constituents of shredder residue, are sorted out and recycled into RSPP, a soundproofing material now being used in several vehicle parts. Compared to conventional products, this new soundproofing material has ample air pockets which maintain a good balance between its sound insulating and sound absorbing characteristics for exceptional soundproofing performance. As of March 2010, it had been used in about 20 million units in all.
Recycling of Soundproofing Materials (RSPP) (cumulative total)
Toyota independently developed a high precision sorter to separate wire harnesses. After the plastic shields and connectors are removed, the remaining copper (of purity 97% or above) is recycled. The separated copper is currently being used at foundries as reinforcing material in aluminum castings.
Utilizing the high-quality characteristics of automotive glass, powdered glass from shredder residue is recycled into tiles with remarkable density and strength, and also used as materials for landscaping pavement bricks.
Together with Sanei Co., Ltd., Toyota researched ways to utilize the sorted resins that form the bulk of shredder residue in terms of weight, and succeeded in converting them into an alternative fuel, which it has been using since April 1999.
From 1996, controls were imposed on ASR landfills. Toyota developed melt-bricking technology that kneads and heats the ASR, reducing its volume to one-fifth of previous levels. The amount of lead leaching was reduced to between one-fourth and one-fifth of previous levels, reducing environmental impact from landfills.
Toyota began working on recycling sorted resins (solids and fuel additive residue), which used to be disposed of in landfills, and together with Aichi Steel Works developed a technology for utilizing this resin as an alternative to coke for steel-making electric furnaces. The use of this new technology began in January 2005. In a steel-making electric furnace, a carbon material such as coke powder is normally used as a heat source and recarburizer when melting scrap iron to form steel stock for automobile parts, etc. By adding an appropriate amount of the resin sorted out from ASR, it has become possible to achieve a heating efficiency usable as a heat source and also to use the resin as an alternative to the recarburizer.
This new technology now makes it possible to effectively utilize mixed resins, which have been difficult to recycle because of their lightweight and small calorific value.
While Japan's Automobile Recycling Law requires that the ASR recovery rate be increased to 70% by 2015, Toyota achieved this goal in 2007.
Toyota continues to develop more advanced recycling technologies and recycling systems.
Utilization of Sorted Resins (Solids and Fuel Additives) as Fuel for Electric Furnaces


How to Keep Your Mop Sanitary
Wet mop cleaning wooden floor
The Spruce / Ulyana Verbytska
Mops are great tools for keeping floors clean. Foot traffic can lead to dirt and germs in your house. Even if you sweep or vacuum regularly, mopping is the best way to clean hard floors. A common concern about mopping is its effectiveness. A dirty mop will just move the filth around the house and not clean the floors. However, a clean mop and good mopping technique will effectively remove grime and germs from the floor.
 - Once mildew has begun to grow, the mop is no longer effective as a cleaning tool. Mopping with a mildew-ridden mop will just spread bacteria and odor around your house.
How to Keep a Mop Clean
With a few easy steps, you can keep your mop sanitary so that it successfully cleans your floors.
 - Rinse the mop thoroughly after each use. When you are finished mopping, rinse any cleaning solution and dirt from the mop in a sink until the mop is completely clean. Traces of dirt will spread grime during the next use, and leftover soap residue can damage your mop.
 - Wash your mop. If your mop is machine washable, use the washing machine to clean it. Follow the cleaning directions on the mop. A gentle cycle at the hottest temperature is usually recommended. If the mop head is not machine washable, create a mixture of half water, half bleach in a clean bucket (enough to cover the mop head), and soak the mop head for 15 minutes. Rinse the mixture from the mop until the water runs completely clear.
 - Allow the mop to completely dry. To prevent bacteria growth make sure the mophead is dry before storing it away. To do this, start by wringing the mop out as much as you can. Then place the mop head outside on a clothesline; sunshine will naturally kill bacteria and mold. If that's not possible, stand the mop upright in a bathtub or other well ventilated and dry area. The goal is to avoid mildew and bacteria growth.
 - Store the mop properly. A cool, dry place is a perfect storage location. Try hanging it so the mop head avoids brushing against the floor. If you've allowed the mop to dry thoroughly, the mop should be fine for the next use.
 - Replace the mop head when needed. Prevent your mop from becoming a cleaning hazard by replacing the mop head. Aim for a replacement every two to three months or sooner if it looks very dirty. Your floors are only as clean as your mop head; a soiled and worn mop will not be effective.
Yellow mop being soaked in water and bleach
The Spruce / Ulyana Verbytska
Mopping Tips
To keep your house clean, you may want to consider mopping with two buckets. Keep plain water for rinsing in one bucket and detergent in the other bucket. Start with the detergent bucket, mop the floor, and then dip the dirty mop into the rinsing bucket. Squeeze out the water and continue alternating buckets until the floor is done. If either water bucket becomes too soiled, replace it with fresh water and cleaning solution. Try mopping the bathroom last, or even using a separate mop for just the bathroom. These rooms are full of germs and can lead to cross-contamination if a dirty mop gets used around the house.
Finally, although traditional mops are very absorbent and have good scrubbing capacity, you could consider a more hygienic flat mop as a potential alternative.


text:
Optical Properties of the Dust Suspended in the Mars Atmosphere - Mariner 9 Infrared Interferometric Spectrometer Data Revisited
K. J. Snook (Stanford University), C. P. McKay (NASA Ames Research Center), O. B. Toon (University of Colorado)
Thermal emission spectra taken by the Mariner 9 Infrared Spectrometer during a global dust storm are revisited. High quality infrared (_PHONE_ cm ) spectra were measured from orbit throughout the duration of the 1971 storm for many different orbits and view angles. Previous attempts to infer dust particle size and composition involved fitting the measured spectra with experimental optical properties of known earth-analog materials. The technique used in this current work provides a more general approach by inverting the data iteratively until a set of optical properties is found to match the spectra for all orbits simultaneously. Beginning with an arbitrary set of imaginary indices of refraction, a Kramers-Kronig routine is used to compute corresponding real indices of refraction. Given this initial guess for the optical properties and a lognormal particle size distribution, a Mie single scattering code calculates the extinction and scattering coefficients for the dust particles. A theoretical emission spectrum is generated by a radiative transfer routine which uses a 2-stream approximation for the intensity field and a linear temperature gradient throughout the atmospheric layer. Brightness temperatures are matched at every wavelength, then Kramers-Kronig is again used to recalculate the real indices of refraction from the improved set of imaginary indices. This process is repeated until the real indices of refraction converge. Results for dust particle optical properties will be presented.


Everyone swells up like hot dogs in the Summer, right?
I literally just saw my second patient today with the complaint of leg swelling. 'Tis the season.
When is leg swelling abnormal?
Let me first say that we all have swelling from time to time. It is very normal. The simplest explanation is that we all swell a bit when it's warmer outside. Just think about it—a hot dog gets fatter when cooked due to the heat and the sodium it contains. Our legs are the same. So, a little bit of swelling is normal, especially if it's both legs and we've been on them for a longer time than usual in the heat. Once we rest and elevate and they return to normal size, it's likely normal. However, if swelling persists even after elevating, you may need to see your doctor to make sure it's not due to another cause.
One sided, particularly, the left side or leg swelling can also be normal. We also normally have more swelling on the left side of the body than the right, due to the way our main blood vessels in the body sit in the chest and abdominal cavity.
The first that comes to mind is a heart condition, such as congestive heart failure. There are two types of this condition; systolic (when the heart muscle contracts) and diastolic (when it relaxes). One can imagine if the heart doesn't pump blood or receive blood well, how it can lead to a back flow of fluid and cause swelling in the legs. Generally speaking, not only can heart failure cause fluid in the legs, but it can also cause fluid in the lungs, causing shortness of breath, chest discomfort, or difficulty breathing when lying flat. So, when a patient is concerned about abnormal swelling, I always ask questions about these other symptoms to be reassured.
Other causes include hypothyroidism, iron deficiency anemia, obesity, liver disease, or eating too much salt. All in all, if swelling continues to be an issue and doesn't go away for weeks, before you reach for that over the counter water pill, go see your doctor.
Be healthy and be blessed,
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FORT CHAMBERS. Fort Chambers, built during the Civil War, was a small Confederate mud fortification located about halfway between the site of Fort Anahuac and the town of Anahuac in Chambers County. It was built in late 1862 under the direction of Heinrich Mueller of Galveston, who was in the Confederate military service. Its construction came after an inspection of coastal defenses by Commander William W. Hunter of the Confederate Navy in January 1862. The small fort, which was named for Thomas Jefferson Chambers, included two cannons, a twenty-four pounder and a thirty-two pounder. They were later mounted outside the doors of Galveston's Artillery Hall.
Jewel Horace Harry, A History of Chambers County (M.A. thesis, University of Texas, 1940; rpt., Dallas: Taylor, 1981). Margaret S. Henson and Kevin Ladd, Chambers County: A Pictorial History (Norfolk, Virginia: Donning, 1988). Adele B. Looscan, "The Old Fort at Anahuac," Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association 2 (July 1898).
The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article.Kevin Ladd, "FORT CHAMBERS," Handbook of Texas Online (_URL_ accessed May 23, 2013. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.


Holistic Resource management
Allan savory is iften quoted, and his concept of holistic resource management
sounds good to me.
But what exactly are the HRM principles and rules we should should follow and
try to incorporate in our farm designs.
That's the kind of information, and detail that is so important.
Tell me what to do, and how to do it, and why to do it so that I may do it
and thus in some small way contribute to the movement.
Any help, comments etc on this topic would be greatly appreciated. While the
concept sounds good I just don't have any practical info. Thanks. frank


The theory of life effect • Presentation of the website PDF Imprimer
The theory of life effect is an artistic theory based on the discovery of a universal invariant that can be found in the texts written by great artists of all times and in all cultures.
It postulates the existence of an innate aptitude of homo sapiens for art. It proposes that a work of art is successful when it creates in the body-mind of the recipient an 'effect' that awakens not only the affect, but all faculties, and does so in a coherent manner.
A work of art is therefore a living work, and a work of life. In order to study it, one needs a specific human science that is able to integrate the rich contributions of the other sciences that study art, as well as to examine closely the corollaries of the life effect invariant.


text:
start script,...
So, as a conclusion, to create the.xo file, you should:
- Launch the build for the Mono application
- Create a Mono bundle
- Build a.zip file with all binaries and config files
- Rename the file from.zip to.xo
The deploy script included with the source file of the project automatically builds the.XO file. You should launch it at the end of each build.
At the end of the script, a LabActivity-1.xo is generated:
Run the Activity
Our Activity can be installed on the Sugar emulator. A shortcut for this emulator is available on the Ubuntu desktop from the virtual machine included with this article.
Once launched, the Sugar emulator displays the Sugar home page:
To install a new Activity, first click on the Terminal Activity (icon square with an included dollar). Then launch the command line sugar-install-bundle
on the ".xo" file. This system command unzips the package and adds the Activity.
The icon's Activity is now visible at the top of the desktop (the little white square).
A click on the icon launches our Activity:
Note that Gtk controls are slightly different on Sugar than on Ubuntu: buttons are rounded.
If you have the luck to get a XO machine, you could install the Activity with a USB key where you previously put the.XO file or use the Browse Activity
if you have previously deployed the.XO file on a website. The resulting window is exactly the same as the one in the emulator.
Sugarize your application
The previous part of this article shows you how you can write a new Activity from scratch. Alternatively, you could be interested in porting an existing application.
It's what we call "Sugarize" an application. Torello Querci has done a great job to sugarize the existing Mono Gbrainy application.
Gbrainy is a collection of little games based on memory. The following screen capture shows you the application on the XO.
Gbrainy was initially wrote in pure Gtk. Gbrainy is also an interesting application because it uses two advanced Mono features: Glade and Gettext.
Glade is a window design tool for Gtk. Glade comes with a dedicated designing tool and uses a file format based on XML to store resources.
Gettext is the localization tool for Gnome. The
Mono.Unix namespace allows calls to Gettext from
your C# application. Note that both Gettext and the standard localization mechanism of.NET are usable from Mono. The main advantage of Gettext is to be supported by a large
community of developers and to be compliant with a lot of common tools like the Pootle server
or the Poedit editor.
The following source code comes from the Sugarized Gbrainy application. You could see the Sugar features, the use of Glade properties (
and some calls to localization methods (
public class gbrainy
[Glade.Widget("gbrainy")] Gtk.Window app_window;
[Glade.Widget] Box drawing_vbox;
[Glade.Widget] Gtk.Label question_label;
[Glade.Widget] Gtk.Label solution_label;
[Glade.Widget] Gtk.Entry answer_entry;
[Glade.Widget] Gtk.Button answer_button;
[Glade.Widget] Gtk.Button tip_button;
[Glade.Widget] Gtk.Button next_button;
[Glade.Widget] Gtk.Statusbar statusbar;
[Glade.Widget] Gtk.Toolbar toolbar;
const int ok_buttonid = -5;
public gbrainy (string args, params object props)
Catalog.Init ("gbrainy", Defines.GNOME_LOCALE_DIR);
IconFactory icon_factory = new IconFactory ();
AddIcon (icon_factory, "math-games", "math-games-32.png");
AddIcon (icon_factory, "memory-games", "memory-games-32.png");
AddIcon (icon_factory, "pause", "pause-32.png");
AddIcon (icon_factory, "resume", "resume-32.png");
AddIcon (icon_factory, "endgame", "endgame-32.png");
AddIcon (icon_factory, "allgames", "allgames-32.png");
AddIcon (icon_factory, "endprogram", "endprogram-32.png");
Glade.XML gXML = new Glade.XML (null, "gbrainy.glade",
Sugar.Activity activity =
new Sugar.Activity(app_window, activityId, bundleId);
activity.SetActiveEvent += activeChanged;
toolbar.IconSize = Gtk.IconSize.Dnd;
Tooltips tooltips = new Tooltips ();
ToolButton button = new ToolButton ("allgames");
Catalog.GetString ("Play all the games"), null);
button.Label = Catalog.GetString ("All");
button.Clicked += OnAllGames;
toolbar.Insert (button, -1);
This article is an introduction to Sugar development using Mono. Mono allows you to use your.NET and C# skills to create software for the XO laptop, to contribute
to the OLPC project, and then to provide educative material for the world's poorest children. Why not take this chance?
This article comes from a full tutorial on the SugarLabs wiki. A French version is also available
on the TechHead Brothers website. Do not hesitate to contact me for more information on the OLPC project.


text:
Pendulums Draw Novel Designs (May, 1936)
Pendulums Draw Novel Designs
INTRICATE geometrical designs, many of striking beauty, are produced by a curious instrument constructed by Milan Fiske, junior student at Beloit College, Beloit, Wis., and known as a precision harmonograph. The unusual device, which its youthful builder believes may be the only one of its kind in the country operating on similar principles, aids in the mathematical study of compound harmonic motions. A platform, mounted on a universal joint, is rocked by a pendulum while a fountain pen at the end of a three-foot arm, also supported upon a universal joint, is given an independent motion by a second pendulum. This traces a design, called a harmonogram, upon a sheet of paper attached to the rocking platform. By swinging the pendulums in various ways, Fiske estimates, as many as 10.000,000 different patterns of curves may be produced.


text:
Computational logic: a method for formal analysis of the ICU knowledge base
- William P. Coleman, John H. Siegel, Ivo Giovannini, David P. Sanford, Andrea De Gaetano
- International Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing SCOPUS
- Elsevier in 1993
- Cited Count
- Springer MEDLINE®/PubMed® Crossref
The object of clinical computing is to support the making of clinical decisions. This takes place in an integrated context of care that involves processes of three different kinds: (1) the physiologic processes in the patient, (2) the processes of physiologic data as stored in, and moved within, a distributed computing system, and (3) the therapeutic and decision-making processes of the clinical staff. The clinical computing system is complex, and as we press it further to work as a partner in the complete care context, it tends to become unmanageably so. In this article, we try to suggest how one might begin using a formal mathematical theory, called 'computational logic,' to give theoretical analyses that might help one to understand the computing system and thereby to try to increase its ability to meet demands on it, and might help one to understand the care context as a whole. We examine the three levels, one at a time, looking for structural analogies between them, and trying to identify the ways that they are linked together. Computational logic provides us with a common set of notions for doing so.


text:
The Reserve Bank of India's (RBI's) Inflation Expectations Survey of Households for September 2014 (37th round), which captures the inflation expectations of 4,933 urban households across 16 cities for the next three-month and the next one-year period, suggests that a higher percentage of people in India expect inflation would go up compared to June 2014. "These expectations are based on their individual consumption baskets and hence these rates should not be considered as benchmark of official measure of inflation", RBI, which has released the survey, has said, though adding, "The households' inflation expectations provide useful directional information on near-term inflationary pressures and also supplement other economic indicators."
RBI provides four important highlights of the survey:
1. The proportion of respondents expecting general price level to rise by 'more than current rate' has increased marginally as compared with the previous round of survey for both three-month ahead period and one-year ahead period. However, these shares are much lower when compared to the position prevailing till March 2014 round of survey. At the product level, respondents expect some moderation in the price increase in the case of household durables and services.
2. In terms of quantitative response, both three-month ahead as well as one-year ahead median inflation expectations of households remained at elevated level.
3. The survey shows that housewives and retired persons have marginally higher level of inflation expectations based on median inflation rates. Respondents from Guwahati, Lucknow and Nagpur cities expect relatively higher inflation.
4. About 72.8 per cent (72.0 per cent in the last round) and 78.7 per cent (74.0 per cent in the last round) of respondents expect double digit inflation rates for three-month ahead and one-year ahead period, respectively.
The inflation figures show that, on an average, people in Ahmedabad expect inflation to rise by 12.1 per cent as of today, while they believe that inflation would rise by 13.8 per cent three months from now. Comparative figures show that people from four cities do not think inflation would as much as Ahmedabad as of now, but people from seven cities believe that the inflation would rise than that of Ahmedabad three months from now.


Let's Read Math -- "A Quarter From The Tooth Fairy"
Saturday, January 26 | 10 - 11:30 am | 1 - 2:30 pm | Malletts Creek | Grades 1 - 3
The American Association of University Women (AAUW) presents a classic story followed by a related math session with hands-on activities and a variety of materials. This event is for Grades 1 - 3 accompanied by an adult. You're welcome to come to either the morning session from 10 - 11:30 am or the afternoon session from 1:00 - 2:30 pm. There is no registration for this event.
"A Quarter From The Tooth Fairy," by Caren Holtzman, is a story about a boy who buys things and then returns them. Each time he gets money back, he gets a different combination of coins totaling 25 cents. Learn about the value of different coins and adding money.
Also, check out these books on money and counting.
sounds great for the kids


Hermetic Sealing – A General Overview, Types And Applications
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A hermetic seal is just another fancy term that is given to a sealing process that makes an object airtight thus keeping the content inside the object safe from the ill-effects of the environment. It can also be used as a form of containment for the content inside the hermetically sealed object from leaking out into the environment.
Hermetic sealing, on the other hand, is the intricate process of creating an object – which is mostly a container that is completely air-tight.
Types of Hermetic Sealing
There are various types of hermetic seals and the variations are there to suit the needs of users who want to use them in a plethora of settings.
With that stated, let us take a closer look at the variations of hermetic seals in the following sections now, shall we!?
Glass-to-metal hermetic seals
As the name suggests –
This is a type of hermetic seal that is created when the glass is attached to a metallic surface thus creating an air-tight condition. It is primarily used to manufacture items like incandescent bulbs.
Glass-to-metal hermetic seals are further subdivided into –
 - Matched hermetic seals: Matched hermetic seals are created using glass and metal that comes with the same coefficient of thermal expansion. These seals are not ideal for working in high-pressure working conditions.
 - Compression hermetic seals: Compression hermetic seals are stronger than the types of hermetic seals mentioned above. These seals are completely capable of remaining operational even in conditions where factors such as pressure and mechanical stress are very high!
Ceramic-to-glass hermetic seals
Ceramic-to-glass hermetic seals are often used as an alternative to glass hermetic seals. This type of hermetic seals is known for its ability to withstand high-pressure operational conditions.
Epoxy hermetic seals
Hermetic seals that are manufactured using epoxy resins that are primarily used to seal metallic items made of brass, copper and the likes are called epoxy hermetic seals.
This type of hermetic seal is known for its capability to remain operational even in working conditions where temperature variations are wide and frequent.
Applications of hermetic seals
Well, hermetic seals find extensive applications in a wide range of sectors.
For instance –
Hermetic seals are used to manufacture:
 - Semiconductor electronics
 - Thermostats
 - A wide range of optical devices
 - MEMS or Micro Electro Mechanical Systems
 - Switches
One may or may not wonder why electronic and electro-mechanical components need to be hermetically sealed.
Well, the reason is simple –
Electronic and electromechanical components are very sensitive and can lose their efficiency or can completely break down when foreign particles or moisture finds their way into them.
The hermetic sealing process is also used to keep documents of historical importance safe.
It should be kept in mind that ideal hermetic seals are achieved when induction heat is used in the process. Using induction heating creates hermetic seals that are tamper-proof. This type of hermetic sealing process finds extensive application in sensitive areas like the medical sector that uses this process to create tamper-proof hermetic seals in ampoules.
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Comparison of three rounding algorithms for IEEE floating-point multiplication
Guy Even, Peter M. Seidel
Research output: Contribution to conferencePaperpeer-review
Abstract
A new IEEE compliant floating-point rounding algorithm for computing the rounded product from a carry-save representation of the product is presented. The new rounding algorithm is compared with the rounding algorithms of Yu and Zyner and of Quach et al. For each rounding algorithm, a logical description and a block diagram is given and the latency is analyzed. We conclude that the new rounding algorithm is the fastest rounding algorithm, provided that an injection (which depends only on the rounding mode and the sign) can be added in during the reduction of the partial products into a carry-save encoded digit string. In double precision the latency of the new rounding algorithm is 12 logic levels compared to 14 logic levels in the algorithm of Quach et al., and 16 logic levels in the algorithm of Yu and Zyner.
Original languageEnglish
Pages225-232
Number of pages8
StatePublished - 1999
EventProceedings of the 14th IEEE Symposium on Computer Arithmetic, ARITH-14 - Adelaide, SA, Aust
Duration: 14 Apr 199916 Apr 1999
Conference
ConferenceProceedings of the 14th IEEE Symposium on Computer Arithmetic, ARITH-14
CityAdelaide, SA, Aust
Period14/04/9916/04/99
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text:
Background. Although cancer has been considered as a chronic disease for those diagnosed, the long-term impact of cancer on the family caregivers' quality of life (QOL) remains unknown. Thus, the current study aimed: (a) to characterize family caregivers of cancer survivors, (b) to describe the multidimensional aspects of QOL of family caregivers of cancer survivors, and (c) to identify demographic and caregiving experience factors that may play significant roles in the caregivers' QOL around 5 years after the relative's initial diagnosis. Methods. A total of 1218 caregivers participated in the 5-year follow-up nationwide QOL Survey for Caregivers. Demographics and caregiving experiences were measured 2 years post-diagnosis of their relative's cancer. Multidimensional aspects of QOL were assessed, including mental and physical health, psychological adjustment, and spirituality at 5 years post-diagnosis. Results. Three groups of caregivers were identified: former caregivers due to the recipients being in remission, former caregivers whose recipients were deceased, and current caregivers. Current caregivers reported worst levels of QOL. Bereaved caregivers reported lower levels of psychological and spiritual adjustment than former caregivers whose recipients were in remission. In addition, caregivers' age and stress were consistent predictors of QOL across three caregiver groups at 5 years post-diagnosis. Conclusions. The findings help to increase evidence-based awareness of the long-term impact of cancer on the family caregivers' QOL. Findings also have implications for developing programs, whereby family caregivers in the various phases of caregivership will benefit by improving their QOL.
- long-term survivorship
- quality of life
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Psychiatry and Mental health
- Experimental and Cognitive Psychology


Crème fraîche
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Strawberries and crème fraîche
Chilled asparagus soup with crème fraîche and pink peppercorn
Crème fraîche (English pronunciation : /ˌkrɛmˈfrɛʃ/, French pronunciation: [kʁɛm fʁɛːʃ], Quebec French pronunciation : [kʁɛm fʁaɪ̯ʃ], lit. "fresh cream") is a soured cream containing 30–45% butterfat and having a pH of around 4.5.[1] It is soured with bacterial culture, but is less sour than U.S.-style sour cream, and has a lower viscosity and a higher fat content. European labeling regulation disallows any ingredients other than cream and bacterial culture.
The name "crème fraîche" is French, but similar soured creams are found in much of northern Europe.
In French-speaking countries, crème fraîche may refer to either the thick fermented product, crème fraîche épaisse or fermentée, or to liquid cream, crème fraîche liquide or fleurette. In these countries, crème fraîche without qualification normally refers to liquid cream, with the thick form usually called crème épaisse. In other countries, however, crème fraîche without qualification usually refers to the thick, fermented product.[2][3]
Crème fraîche is produced by adding a starter culture to heavy cream, and allowing it to stand at appropriate temperature until thick.[3][2] The culture is made up of a mix of bacteria including but not limited to L. cremoris, L. lactis, and L. biovar diacetylactis. This is what gives it the taste that distinguishes it from similar dairy products like sour cream.[4]
In some places in Europe, the fat content of crème fraîche is regulated, and it may not contain ingredients other than cream and starter culture.[1] In North America and the UK, products labeled "low-fat crème fraîche", with about 15% butterfat and with added stabilizers such as xanthan gum or maize/corn starch[5] is commercialized. It is less stable when heated.[3]
Raspberries with crème fraîche and sugar
The crème fraîche from Normandy is famous, and the crème fraîche from a defined area around the town of Isigny-sur-Mer in the Calvados department of Normandy is highly regarded. It is the only cream to have an appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC), which was awarded in 1986.[6] It is also produced in many other parts of France, with large quantities coming from the major dairy regions of Brittany, Poitou-Charente, Lorraine and Champagne-Ardenne.
Crème fraîche is used both hot and cold in French cuisine. It is often used to finish hot savory sauces; with fat content > 30%, curdling is not a problem.[1] It is also the basis of many desserts and dessert sauces.
Similar products[edit]
Crema Mexicana is a somewhat similar cultured sour cream.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ a b c Meunier-Goddik, L. (2004). "Handbook of Food and Beverage Fermentation Technology". CRC Press. doi:10.1201/9780203913550.ch8. ISBN 978-0-8247-4780-0. |chapter= ignored (help) edit, p. 181f
 2. ^ a b McGee, p. 49
 3. ^ a b c Goddik, p. 179-6
 4. ^ Wingerd, S. (2011). A Fraîche Perspective - Crème Fraîche.
 5. ^ "Weight Watchers Creme Fraiche". Retrieved 27 October 2014.
 6. ^ La crème AOC Isigny, 'Saveurs du Monde',
Further reading[edit]
 - Harold McGee On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of The Kitchen (p. 49). New York: Scribner, 2004. ISBN 0-684-80001-2
 - Lisbeth Meunier Goddik, "Sour Cream and Crème Fraîche" in Y. Hui Handbook of Food Science, Technology and Engineering (p. 179-6 to 179-7). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2006. ISBN 0-8493-9849-5.


text:
or 'serving' name instead of used-by? Why isn't that neutral? Would something like 'provides' or 'offers' be better?
This is all rather subtle, so I might be nitpicking.
For me, serving is, more than using, about the effect of using (a bit of the value, if you will) than the using itself. He served himself a cup of tea by using the kettle. That kind of a subtle difference. You serve something (the something plays a stronger role as the effect). You use something (something is more what you use, not what the effect is). Actually, for cross-layer use, I think 'serve' as an explanation or a guideline for defining services is rather useful.
Using is more neutral for me, in terms of it can both be the act of using and the result of using (meaning comes from use). 'Provides' and 'offers' have the same (even stronger) problem as 'serves'. I prefer 'serves' over them. But I prefer 'used-by' over 'serves'.
In my experience, the term 'used-by' actually has a beneficial effect. It helps the programmer-types from a programming-mindset towards an architect-mindset. The frustration it brings for some is actually a good thing. It is part of the learning effect 😉
I've had comparable discussion with software-engineers about interface being an active element. In their world, active meant 'taking the initiative'. They are constantly busy with behaviour of systems, so their set is active/reactive, whereas in ArchiMate it is active/inactive.
There is nothing that can be done about these kinds of differences, unless you want ArchiMate to become more like UML. I think what really helps is explaining this better.
We will improve the explanation in the next ArchiMate release, and probably also change "used-by" to something more active. It's just ugly they way it is now. But a neutral term that doesn't put the initiative at one or the other end of the relationship is difficult to find.
I think it is unnecessary to change the name of used-by, it covers the role perfectly. It is also not ugly, it is very normal speech, but that is a matter of taste. Maybe it is ugly for the software engineers among us. They should get a life 🙂
Thinking that way you may also say that Assigned-To is problematic. What is Assigned-To? Between actor and role it is 'fulfils', between role/application component and business behaviour it is 'performs' and between node and artefact it is 'deployed' (but not quite). All these terms are better. Should we rename these too? I think not. An explanation is enough.
There are more important things that can be improved (but I guess my wishes will not be granted…)
I was thinking about 'supports', but I still like 'used-by' better. 'Supports' is too wide to my taste and it also is not neutral in the logical versus technical approach to modelling.
I think Gerben hit the core of the issue in saying that the relations, all, stand for (causal) dependency. Dependency is an asymmetric relation. The arrows that depicts it generally points to the dependent, and leaves from what it depends on. This immediately explains the direction of the used-by arrow.
This issue has nothing to do with business versus technical. The difference is that one paradigm differentiates between static and dynamic (the logistic/plumber's paradigm), whereas the other (the functional one) basically doesn't. You may have both options on business layers as well as on technical layers, even if ArchiMate does not offer them all at all layers.
If you would nevertheless want to speak about "initiative" in the functional paradigm, then the initiative is always is with the user, in the end. The point is, this initiative may happen at design time, invisibly in the model. To explain:
– Consider a request-response service. Would anyone deny that the initiative is with the user here?
– Consider a notification service. Even here, the initiative generally is with the user, since he will have subscribed to the notification service before the first notification arises. The question then of course is whether this subscription service is included in the model, or is taken for granted (at design-time).
– Even if there is no subscription service, then at least the modeller has decided that the provider be used by the user. In this respect, the modeler inevitably acts *on behalf of the user*, because the modeler *defines* the user to be dependent on the provider. So, if the provider wouldn't be there, that specific user wouldn't either. The user is existence-dependent on the provider. The provider is included in the definition of the user, by the modeler. If the provider where to be removed, or even be replaced by another provider, the user would not be the same any more. According to the model itself.
It is always the user (whether or not represented by the modeler, and whether or not at design-time) that creates the "used-by" dependency, in other words, where the initiative originates. If one would define "initiative" as the first action to take place *after* design time, so within model scope, then of course the initiative varies with specific scoping choices, that is, about where design-time ends an the model begins. In this case, the initiative is a *variable* for the modeling language, not a constant, and should therefore not be used for deciding about the direction of the arrow.
Really neutral terms do not exist, of course, and I can live with "used-by" perfectly. The first almost-neutral alternative term that pops up in my mind is "constitutes". This has the advantage of expressing both the "static" view on the dependency, as well as the "dynamic" view. But, since I guess most would find that term too abstract, I will not seriously suggest it.
For me this really is a fundamental thing about ArchiMate that I am still struggling with. So fundamental I would have hoped for more coverage of the "application interfacing with another application" in more depth in your book (this blog post would be useful introductory section). Currently I'm experimenting with showing Infrastructure Service being used by an Infrastructure Function to cover the technical "client-server / which side is initiating" part, but the corresponding Used By in the application layer can be in either direction depending on what suits. And then using flow and trigger in the business layer to show sequence. All this is touched on in your "real world example" chapter, but I would have liked to see more coverage of this topic in the book.
A book about a language can never be considered 'done' or 'complete'. So, yes, this could have been added to the book. In fact, one could write infinite thick books about any language. I'm not criticising your remarks, I agree, but I am also aware that there will always be something that could have been added to make something more clear, but at the same time, adding too much makes it impossible to digest for others.


What Does Preceding Mean?
Preceding is a word used in reference to order or arrangement. It can be used as an adjective to mean or show that something happens before the other does. For example, the preceding protests led to the resignation of the prime minister.
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Ask.com Answer for: what does preceding mean
that precedes; previous: Refer back to the footnote on the preceding page.
Source: Dictionary.com
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Precedent is a rule that a court uses in similar court cases. It is commonly used in divorce, murder, and child custody cases. Many lawyers also use this rule to win cases.
When you use a cell in a formula located within another cell, it's a precedent cell. Likewise, the cell that contains the formula is a dependent cell. So if cell A2 has the formula
a legal case establishing a principle or rule that a court or other judicial body adopts when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts. Court decision that stands as
The paleontologist Steven Mithen speculates that music is the evolutionary bridge between the calls and gestures of our fellow primates and human language. There's much to recommend
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The word precede" may be used to mean "come or go before something" that is to come, go, be or happen before somebody or something else in time...
The word preceded means came before or happened before. it is used to refer to positioning where it shows that one act or occurrence came before another. A synonym...
Precedence is order observed in acknowledgement of people of different ranks in reference to an acknowledged or legal system. It also refers to a right of preferential...


text: An upgraded submerged Doppler-type directional wave meter can measure 10 wave quantities related to directional wave motions, i.e. water surface elevation, 3 components of water particle velocities at each layer of 3 different water depth ranging from shallow to deep. In this study, accuracy of directional spectrum estimation is comprehensively investigated for various cases where directional spectra are estimated with various sets of different number of wave quantities. As a result, accuracy improvement is generally confirmed in various wave conditions when all the quantities are applied to the estimations, compared with the cases where conventional 4 wave quantities are applied to the estimations. Moreover, the advantage of BDM with the improved computation method was confirmed.


text: Background: The production of triterpenes from plants for pharmacological purposes varies in concentration, due to genetic and environmental factors. In vitro culture enables the control and increase of these bioactive molecules. Objective: To evaluate the effect of plant growth regulators and elicitors in the induction of calli and the production of ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA) in Lepechinia caulescens. Materials and Methods: Leaf explants were exposed for the induction of calli at different concentrations and combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Methyl jasmonate (MJ) and salicylic acid were used as elicitors. High-performance liquid chromatography method was used to quantify UA and OA content in each treatment. Results: Treatment with 3.0 mg/L of 2,4-D and 0.1 mg/L of BAP produced the best results for calli induction and production of UA (1.57 mg/g dry weight [DW]) and OA (1.13 mg/g DW). Both elicitors facilitated the accumulation of triterpenes. Conclusion: The combination of auxins and cytokinins showed favorable results for the induction of calli. Variation concerning the accumulation of UA and OA was observed between treatments. MJ increased the production of triterpenes five times after 8 h of exposure, compared to control treatment. There is a greater accumulation of UA (16.58 mg/g DW) and OA (1.94 mg/g DW) in leaves of wild plants.


Now that your "y" is in shape… prepare for another sound swap. We know, we know… letters just love playing hard to get in Paraguay, but with some dedication and an attentive ear you're certain to nail it!
As it happens with other versions of Latin American Spanish, in Paraguay the digraph ll (or double "l") will regularly adopt the sound of… a "y." That's right! Check how the following words would be pronounced:
 - lluvia "yuvia" (rain)
 - llamar → "yamar" (to call)
 - ella → "eya" (she)
 - llorar → "yorar" (to cry)
As in the previous case of the letter "y" becoming somewhat similar to a "j" sound, here too you must be careful not to exaggerate and instead go for a smooth blend between "ll" and "y," as there won't always be a clear distinction between one and the other when talking to native speakers.
6. Remember These Local Expressions
Due to its peaceful coexistence with Guaraní, Paraguayan Spanish uses several phrases that are translated from the indigenous language, creating a whole new swath of expressions you won't find anywhere else.
Take, for example, the expression Te voy a contar ahora después (literally, "I am going to tell you now later"), which comes from the Guaraní expression Amombe'úta ndéve anga upéi.
Mixing up the words "now" and "later" in the same sentence seems counterintuitive and strange, but happens regularly in Paraguay to emphasize the time when the action will actually take place! In this case, Te voy a contar ahora después indicates that you'd tell somebody something later, but with the intention of it being pretty soon.
Then there are some short, super versatile words and phrases that pay homage to Guaraní, including:
 - ¡Ma'ena! (Something like "awwww!")
 - ¡E'a! (Expressing surprise)
 - ¿Ha upéi? (What's up?)
 - ¡Anichéne! (No way!)
Other Paraguayan expressions you can count on:
 - Walking the streets and someone calls you guapo(a)? Sorry, but in Paraguay that might not mean you're attractive, as it does in other versions of Spanish! It's also a compliment, however, meaning you're a hardworking person.
 - Hay que vienefrom the Guaraní Oĩ oúva, translates in English to "Someone is coming" (usually used when someone's ringing at the door).
 - ¿Y después? (And then?) is often used when answering the phone to ask "What's up?" as a translation of the Guaraní expression ¿ha upéi?
 - Was something done in a hurry, in improvisation or without a plan? Then it was done a la bartola (sloppily, carelessly)!
 - Not really feeling like going out? Would you rather be a couch potato for the night than party at the club? Be sure to use the expression Estoy kaigue (meaning you feel lazy, or just don't feel like it)!
 - Trying to say something isn't going so well? Vaí-vaí (literally "bad bad" in Guarani)…
 - Spend an afternoon with Paraguayan teenagers or youngsters and you're likely to hear the word purete every couple of sentences—now you know how to say "awesome!"
A person can be purete. A place, a dress or a joke can be purete. You just got a new car? ¡Purete!
Want to hear how Jopará, the very common mix of Spanish and Guaraní, would sound like when spoken by a native Paraguayan? Check out this video from Wikitongues!
Now that you've been introduced to Paraguayan Spanish, make yourself a delicious homemade tereré, prepare a playlist of your favorite Paraguayan hits, get vos on the tip of your tongue… and get ready for your Paraguayan Spanish to become 100 percent purete!
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text:
DCP Dual Mass
Dual-Mass Dynamic Cone Penetrometers (DCPs) provide a low-cost, efficient test method for determining in-situ CBR values of pavement base, subbase and subgrades. DCPs can be used in both new construction or as a quality analysis tool for evaluating current conditions of existing highways, airfields and similar structures.
DCPs can be used to quickly determine site conditions prior to, during and after construction. They are used to evaluate the uniformity of different layers and areas of construction without the need for removal of surface materials and can quickly pinpoint problems, such as soft or hard sublayers. DCPs save time and money while providing accurate results to a depth of 37-1/2 inches, or up to 6 ft with an extension rod. DCPs have been used by the Army Corps Of Engineers for years and contiue to provide consistent and repeatable results.
Humboldt provides several different models of DCPs, most of which feature design improvements over the original design for additional ease of use and improved durability. One of these improvements has been the development of disposable cones.
This has increased the ease-of-use of DCPs by eliminating the need for a jack to remove the unit from soil after a test. Models H-4218A, H4218D and H-4219 comply with ASTM D6951 specifications and come with a chart to compute CBR values, as well as an Excel spreadsheet template, which automatically charts the test results.
Dual Mass DCP Benefits include:
- The ability to immediately determine the location and depth of layers.
- Can be used in both hard and soft soils for pavements (CBR 100% to .05%).
- The ability to compute results manually on location, as well as produce data with charts rapidly using supplied Excel spreadsheet templates.
Single-Mass Dynamic Cone Penetrometers:
Models H-4223 and H-4202 are typically used for foundations. These instruments corelate to the "N" value for the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) The H-4202 comes with an auger head, T-handle and multiple extensions are available for insertions up to 20 ft.
Humboldt provides several different models of Dynamic Cone Penetrometers; on the back are the most popular, give us a call to determine which is the right one for you.


NameRelated NamesRelatedRatingsCommentsNotes
Given Name AMALRIC
GENDER: Masculine
PRONOUNCED: AM-əl-rik (English), ə-MAL-rik (English) [key]
Meaning & History
Germanic name derived from the elements amal meaning "work, labour" and ric meaning "power". This was the name of a 6th-century king of the Visigoths, as well as two 12th-century rulers of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem.
Related Names
VARIANT: Emelrich
OTHER LANGUAGES: Amaury (French)


text:
This study experimentally tested a multistage constant-current (CC) charging method for lithium-ion batteries controlled by the state-of-charge (SoC) discretization. The Taguchi method was used in the experiments to take three different charge performance objectives, including the charge time, charge efficiency, and average cell surface temperature rise into consideration at the same time to determine the most preferable one. Under the triple-objective optimization, with an equal discretized SoC strategy, the three-stage CC (3SCC) protocol was found to yield much shorter charge time than the four- and five-stage CC protocols, while no significant differences were found in the charge efficiency and average cell surface temperature rise when the three CC protocols with different stages were employed. Thus, an additional performance objective, the energy loss, was used in a further investigation on the 3SCC protocol. In this investigation, a quad-objective problem was formed to determine whether the 3SCC protocol with unequally discretized SoC intervals in each stage would produce better outcomes than the protocol with equally discretized SoC intervals or vice versa. The results indicate that the 3SCC with the unequal SoC discretization strategy reduces the energy loss by 1.82%, decreases the charge time by 4.27%, increases the charge efficiency by 0.32%, and lowers the average cell surface temperature rise by 12.5%, compared to the results yielded with the equal SoC discretization in each stage.
|頁（從 - 到）||2648-2657|
|期刊||IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems|
|出版狀態||Published - 2023 6月 1|
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes


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Sound wave regression
 1. May 20, 2009 #1
 We did a lab that involved using sound probes that gave us a bunch of data points which we were able to plot into a waveform using excel. However, we have to determine the equation of the waveform and it is expected that we include the uncertainty of the coefficients (much like using the LINEST command in excel) so is there a way to do trig regression in excel or maybe MAPLE (which I already have but don't know how to use)?

 Attached Files:
 Last edited: May 20, 2009
 2. jcsd
 3. May 21, 2009 #2
 I am actually looking for the same thing too! Anyone knows how to?

 4. May 21, 2009 #3
 Born2bwire
 User Avatar
 Science Advisor
 Gold Member
 Why bother? Measure/calculate/estimate the period, amplitude, phase and DC offset and you can get a good approximation from that. The plot looks fairly noise free and consistent in its data.

 5. May 21, 2009 #4
 Our teacher is very keen on the uncertainty :(

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text:
The Water Plant staff consists of a superintendent and three Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) certified surface water treatment operators. Daily operations include grounds maintenance of the plant, ten pump stations and storage tanks, taking and maintaining paperwork on distribution chlorine, flushing, TOC Pb/Cu and nitrite/nitrate sampling for TCEQ, maintaining lab operations and analysis for process control: maintaining all mechanical components, chemical dosage, and recording all required data for reporting to state and government agencies.
Goals and Objectives
- Provide a safe, odorless, palatable, and continuous water supply for the public.
- Respond to customer complaints in a courteous and professional manner.
- Continue to enhance the appearance of all the plant facilities.
- Continue to improve, upgrade, replace, and modernize the existing equipment.
- Provide support for the other departments.
- Comply with all State, City, and Government regulations.
- Submit all required documentation to the regulating authorities.
- Record and maintain all daily, weekly, monthly, and quarterly water analysis and lab results.
What We Accomplished in 2021-2022
- Completed diver inspections on all storage tanks and all four clear-wells at the plant. Clean 1/3 of tanks inside.
- Continued to provide safe public drinking water.
- All TCEQ documentation completed and submitted on time.
- All operators have a "C" license or better/
- All operators have attended continuing education classes.
- Finished renovation project on the 200,000-gallon 1963 water storage tank at Via Viejo.
- Engineer in the renovation project for the raw water intake including a new generator.
- Refurbished the lMG elevated storage tank at by the Scott and White clinic/hospital.
- Passed TCEQ Inspection January 2022.
- Replaced both 40-year-old alum tanks.
- Replaced 40-year-old rollup door on the chemical room at the water plant.
- Replaced the emergency raw water flow meter with one that can be integrated into the new SCADA system.
- Installed new 500-pound propane take and 140,000 BTU heater at Flat Rock elevated.
- Running increased Lead and Copper sampling due to adding the Earthtec QZ at raw water for the zebra mussels.
What We Plan to Accomplish in 2022-2023
- Perform diver inspections and cleaning on 1/3 of storage tanks and diver inspections on all to set up a rotational basis to clean tanks.
- Install Generators per senate bill 390 at all water substations at Via Viejo with one sized properly to run all the equipment.
- Provide professionalism, by actions and training so that the staff can stay current and knowledgeable on the ever-changing rules and regulations in the water industry.
- Continue to provide safe drinking water and maintain our "Superior" water system rating.
- Keep an open-door policy and encourage tours of the plant.
- Train and educate all employees to be able to become better operators.
- Start the mitigation project to renovate the raw water intake and move it out of the flood plain.
- Convert from the Data Flow System (old SCADA) to the new Ignition SCADA system.
- Purchase a new 48" commercial mower. Move the 17-year-old Gravely mover to backup and retire the Arians riding mower.
- Stain the cedar fence at the water plant.
- Rehabilitate the Mormon Mill Elevated storage tank.


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Let $v_1, \dots, v_m$ be a linearly dependent list of vectors.
If $v_1 \ne 0$, then there is some $v_j$ in the span of $v_1, \dots, v_{j-1}$
If we let j be the smallest integer with this property, and apply the gram-schmidt procedure to produce an orthonormal list $(e_1, \dots, e_{j-1})$ then $v_j$ is in the span of $(e_1, \dots, e_{j-1})$ and
$$v_j = \langle v_j, e_1\rangle e_1+ \dots + \langle v_j, e_{j-1}\rangle e_{j-1}$$
Why does this guarantee that length of $v_j$=0? I'm missing something about linear dependence that should probably be obvious sorry :\
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up vote 3 down vote accepted
The Gram-Schmidt process goes as follows: given $v_1,\ldots,v_n$, you define $$\begin{align*} u_1 &= v_1\\ e_1 &= \frac{1}{||u_1||}u_1;\\ u_2 &= v_2 - \langle v_2,e_1\rangle e_1;\\ e_2 &= \frac{1}{||u_2||}u_2;\\ &\vdots\\ u_{k+1} &= v_{k+1} - \left(\langle v_{k+1},e_1\rangle e_1 + \langle v_{k+1},e_2\rangle e_2 + \cdots + \langle v_{k+1},e_k\rangle e_k\right)\\ e_{k+1}&= \frac{1}{||u_{k+1}||}u_{k+1}\\ &\vdots \end{align*}$$
So when you construct $u_{j}$, you get $\mathbf{0}$, and when you try to construct $e_{j}$ you attempt to divide by $0$. It's not $v_j$ which has length $0$, it's $u_j$.
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I see, thank you. – fdart17 Mar 29 '11 at 5:04
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It does not guarantee that. What it guarantees is that $v_j - \langle v_j, e_1\rangle e_1- \dots - \langle v_j, e_{j-1}\rangle e_{j-1} = 0$, which means that you cannot define $e_j$ by dividing this vector by its norm. Instead, you throw it away and move on to $v_{j+1}$.
E.g., consider the case $v_1\neq 0$ and $v_2=v_1$.
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Thank you, this also helped with the simple example. – fdart17 Mar 29 '11 at 5:06
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text:
Sunflower Mexican Torch Tithonia Rotundifolia is a large, coarse textured annual sunflower plant. Sunflower Mexican Torch seeds can be sown directly into prepared seed beds after all danger of frost has passed, and the established plant is capable of reaching 6 feet tall with a spread of half that. Sunflower Mexican Torch features stout, branched stems covered by broad, velvety spade-shaped leaves and produces masses of 3 - 4 inch orange flowers. The plant begins blooming in July or August and continues until frost attracting hummingbirds, butterflies, and bees.
Sunflower Mexican Torch looks magnificent behind beds or borders where its coarse texture, rangy habit and vibrant flowers create an eye-catching display. Tithonia Rotundifolia seeds are easy to start, and the mature Mexican sunflower is a genuine heat lover that thrives all summer and fall without any maintenance. Sunflower Mexican Torch is an excellent flower for cutting.
Height: 60-72 Inches
Bloom Season: Summer/Fall
Environment: Sun/Partial Shade
Soil Type: Rich/Average/Dry/Moist well-drained, pH 5.5-6.2
USDA Zones: All Regions of North America
Sow Indoors: Winter/Spring (4-6 weeks before last frost)
Sow Outdoors: Spring/Summer/Fall
Seed Depth: Surface sowing - press seeds slightly into the soil.
Germination Time: 10-15 Days
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text:
What environmental policies are on the minds of Florida residents, and how will these concerns translate into state legislation? Here are some environmental issues Florida citizens are debating in 2018.
1. Public Infrastructure
Much of the infrastructure is in a state of decay. Crumbling structures in need of repair are causing raw sewage and effluent to spill into the environment. This issue had been at the forefront even before the devastating Hurricane Irma, though the hurricane certainly exacerbated the situation.
2. Lake and River Preservation
Massive amounts of water are being released from Lake Okeechobee into the Caloosahatchee and Lucie rivers. This is leading to excess algae blooms. While not all blooms are harmful, some produce dangerous toxins that kill aquatic life and render the area unsafe for human exploration. Measures should be taken to mitigate this impact. Governor Rick Scott has already made proposals for a stronger dike and new phosphorous removal technologies.
3. Conservation Land Protection
Currently, 30% of Florida land is under the protection of conservation laws. It costs taxpayers $500,000 annually to maintain every 20,000 acres of land. Some speculate that it's not wise financially to continue to designate more land for preservation until better guidelines are established.
4. Halt the Use of Electric Septic Systems
Electric-operated septic systems rely solely on gravity to push effluent into the drain fields. While these systems are touted as high-performance, they are not without serious drawbacks. During Hurricane Irma, many of these systems failed, causing raw sewage to spill into residences and streets. If electric septic systems are to be used, they should be designed with a backup generator in the event of a blackout.
5. Lionfish Removal
The lionfish is an invasive species of bony fish not native to Florida. While elegant in appearance, they are carnivorous and prey on many native Florida fish. This is destructive to the many reef habitats along the Florida coast. Lionfish eats smaller fish that prevent the spread of harmful algae. In addition, lionfish also compete for prey with native predators, such as the snapper and grouper.
6. Protecting the Citrus Industry
56% of oranges in the United States are grown in Florida. This agricultural sector also brings in $4 billion annually for the state. Fruit yield in recent years has diminished due to crop damage from invasive insects. One such pest is the Asian citrus psyllid, a form of lice not native to the region. Some have proposed that measures need to be taken beyond the quarantine measures already in place to prevent further damage to the agricultural sector.
7. Wildlife Preservation
According to a 2017 USF Nielsen Sunshine State Survey, 20% of Floridians listed loss of habitat for wildlife as the top environmental concern. It's also been estimated that an additional 7 million acres of natural habitat will be converted into public roads by the year 2060. Lawmakers are looking into new legislation to protect natural areas as the human population grows.
One way to contribute to a more sustainable Florida is to reduce the amount of harmful contaminants in the air, water, soil, and food. Phoslab Environmental Laboratories provides contaminant testing for local businesses and state regulatory bodies. For quick and accurate testing according to the latest methodologies, please submit us a sample for analysis today.
- WUSF Public Media, Environment One of Floridians' Top 5 Concerns, _URL_
- FDACS/DPI, Featured Creatures, _URL_
- Florida Department of Agriculture, Florida Agriculture Overview and Statistics, _URL_