text:
INDICATIONS: Unable to find balance between activity and rest; deep exhaustion; unaware of past accomplishments; difficulty understanding and integrating lessons and experiences.
HEALING QUALITIES: For finding a balance between doing and being; helps us integrate previous experiences so we may live more fully in the present.
EMOTIONAL CONSIDERATIONS: Balance, Exhaustion, Integration, Motivation, Peace, Perspective, Rest, Stillness, Wisdom
**All descriptions of spiritual and physical healing properties were researched and collected from various sources. This information is offered as a service and is not meant to treat medical conditions. Butterfly Expressions does not guarantee the accuracy of any of these statements.
©Copyright Butterfly Expressions 2020


text:
values underpinning CSR are driven by a socialist-collectivist agenda, which is inherently opposed to capitalist/libertarian values of free enterprise and individualism.
Without critical reflection on the leftwing ideology instantiated by CSR, the business community may unwittingly adopt and sustain values that undermine free markets.
Without critical reflection on the leftwing ideology instantiated by CSR, business and research communities may unwittingly promote values that, stealth-like, undermine individual liberty and the capitalist foundations of free markets.
Purpose – This chapter makes sense of the volume and suggests avenues for future research.
Design/methodology/approach – This chapter reflects upon some of the challenges facing biology and politics; it offers two case studies of areas calling for more research and discussion.
Findings – Some evolutionary theorists criticize religion. In the process, they undermine the ability to reach out to religious people about the value of evolutionary theory. Two case studies – group selection and genetic bases of political behavior – are examined to illustrate ongoing issues that call for further attention

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The HCGC is a gospel music choir whose mission is to bring diverse audiences together through life affirming roots and gospel music. Through performance, workshops, and other community-based activities, we seek to uplift, enrich, and educate.
The HCGC has but one primary purpose: To carry an uplifting message of the love, hope, strength, and joy of Jesus Christ to diverse audiences and communities, bringing us all closer together to understand the true meaning of peace, equality, respect, unity, and justice. For over a century Gospel music have been there as a source of strength, hope, and encouragement. It is our hope that by bringing this music to the disenfranchised in our own communities, we can continue to keep that source of strength alive.


exclude.too.far {mgcv}R Documentation
Exclude prediction grid points too far from data
Description
Takes two arrays defining the nodes of a grid over a 2D covariate space and two arrays defining the location of data in that space, and returns a logical vector with elements TRUE if the corresponding node is too far from data and FALSE otherwise. Basically a service routine for vis.gam and plot.gam.
Usage
exclude.too.far(g1,g2,d1,d2,dist)
Arguments
g1
co-ordinates of grid relative to first axis.
g2
co-ordinates of grid relative to second axis.
d1
co-ordinates of data relative to first axis.
d2
co-ordinates of data relative to second axis.
dist
how far away counts as too far. Grid and data are first scaled so that the grid lies exactly in the unit square, and dist is a distance within this unit square.
Details
Linear scalings of the axes are first determined so that the grid defined by the nodes in g1 and g2 lies exactly in the unit square (i.e. on [0,1] by [0,1]). These scalings are applied to g1, g2, d1 and d2. The minimum Euclidean distance from each node to a datum is then determined and if it is greater than dist the corresponding entry in the returned array is set to TRUE (otherwise to FALSE). The distance calculations are performed in compiled code for speed without storage overheads.
Value
A logical array with TRUE indicating a node in the grid defined by g1, g2 that is 'too far' from any datum.
Author(s)
Simon N. Wood _EMAIL_
References
_URL_
See Also
vis.gam
Examples
library(mgcv)
x<-rnorm(100);y<-rnorm(100) # some "data"
n<-40 # generate a grid....
mx<-seq(min(x),max(x),length=n)
my<-seq(min(y),max(y),length=n)
gx<-rep(mx,n);gy<-rep(my,rep(n,n))
tf<-exclude.too.far(gx,gy,x,y,0.1)
plot(gx[!tf],gy[!tf],pch=".");points(x,y,col=2)
[Package mgcv version 1.9-1 Index]


Man Linux: Main Page and Category List
 dict - DICT Protocol Client
 dict word
 dict [options] [word]
 dict [options] dict://host:port/d:word:database
 dict [options] dict://host:port/m:word:database:strategy
 transaction based query/response protocol that provides access to
 dictionary definitions from a set of natural language dictionary
 databases. Exit status is 0 if operation succeeded, or non-zero
 See EXIT STATUS section.
 -h server or --host server
 Specifies the hostname for the DICT server. Server/port
 combinations can be specified in the configuration file. If no
 servers are specified in the configuration file or or on the
 command line, dict will fail. (This is a compile-time option,
 ./configure --enable-dictorg, which is disabled by default.) If
 IP lookup for a server expands to a list of IP addresses (as
 does currently), then each IP will be tried in the
 order listed.
 -p service or --port service
 Specifies the port (e.g., 2628) or service (e.g., dict) for
 connections. The default is 2628, as specified in the DICT
 Protocol RFC. Server/port combinations can be specified in the
 configuration file.
 -d dbname or --database dbname
 Specifies a specific database to search. The default is to
 search all databases (a "*" from the DICT protocol). Note that
 a "!" in the DICT protocol means to search all of the databases
 until a match is found, and then stop searching.
 -m or --match
 Instead of printing a definition, perform a match using the
 specified strategy.
 -s strategy or --strategy strategy
 Specify a matching strategy. By default, the server default
 match strategy is used. This is usually "exact" for
 definitions, and some form of spelling-correction strategy for
 matches ("." from the DICT protocol). The available strategies
 are dependent on the server implementation. For a list of
 available strategies, see the -S or --strats option.
 -C or --nocorrect
 Usually, if a definition is requested and the word cannot be
 found, spelling correction is requested from the server, and a
 list of possible words are provided. This option disables the
 generation of this list.
 -c file or --config file
 Specify the configuration file. The default is to try ~/.dictrc
 and /etc/dictd/dict.conf, using the first file that exists. If
 a specific configuration file is specified, then the defaults
 will not be tried.
 -D or --dbs
 Query the server and display a list of available databases.
 -S or --strats
 Query the server and display a list of available search
 -H or --serverhelp
 Query the server and display the help information that it
 -i dbname or --info dbname
 Request information on the specified database (usually the
 server will provide origination, descriptive, or other
 information about the database or its contents).
 -I or --serverinfo
 Query the server and display information about the server.
 -M or --mime
 Send OPTION MIME command to the server.
 NOTE: Server's capabilities are not checked.
 -f or --formatted
 Enables formatted output, i.e. output convenient for
 postprocessing by standard UNIX utilities. No, it is not XML ;-)
 Also error and warning messages like
 " No matches...", " Invalid strategy..." etc. are sent to
 stderr, not to stdout.
 -I, -i, -H and similar:
 hostportstrategy1short description1
 hostportstrategy2short description2
 hostportdatabase1database description1
 hostportdatabase2database description2
 -a or --noauth
 Disable authentication (i.e., don't send an AUTH command).
 -u user or --user user
 Specifies the username for authentication.
 -k key or --key key
 Specifies the shared secret for authentication.
 -V or --version
 Display version information.
 -L or --license
 Display copyright and license information.
 --help Display help information.
 -v or --verbose
 Be verbose.
 -r or --raw
 Be very verbose: show the raw client/server interaction.
 Specify the buffer size for pipelineing commands. The default
 is 256, which should be sufficient for general tasks and be
 below the MTU for most transport media. Larger values may
 provide faster or slower throughput, depending on MTU. If the
 buffer is too small, requests will be serialized. Values less
 than 0 and greater than one million are silently changed to
 something more reasonable.
 --client text
 Specifies additional text to be sent using the CLIENT command.
 --debug flag
 Set a debugging flag. Valid flags are:
 The same as -v or --verbose.
 raw The same as -r or --raw.
 scan Debug the scanner for the configuration file.
 parse Debug the parser for the configuration file.
 pipe Debug TCP pipelining support (see the DICT RFC and
 serial Disable pipelining support.
 time Perform transaction timing.
 The configuration file currently has a very simple format. Lines are
 used to specify servers, for example:
 or, with options:
 server { port 8080 }
 server { user username secret }
 server { port dict user username secret }
 the port and user options may be specified in any order. The port
 option is used to specify an optional port (e.g., 2628) or service
 (e.g., dict) for the TCP/IP connection. The user option is used to
 specify a username and shared secret to be used for authentication to
 this particular server.
 Servers are tried in the order listed until a connection is made. If
 none of the specified servers are available, and the compile-time
 option (./configure --enable-dictorg) is enabled, then an attempt will
 be made to connect on localhost and on at the standard part
 (2628). (This option is disabled by default.) We expect that
 will point to one or more DICT servers (perhaps in round-robin fashion)
 for the foreseeable future (starting in July 1997), although it is
 difficult to predict anything on the Internet for more than about 3-6
 0 Successful completion
 20 No matches found
 21 Approximate matches found
 22 No databases available
 23 No strategies available
 30 Unexpected response code from server
 31 Server is temporarily unavailable
 32 Server is shutting down
 33 Syntax error, command not recognized
 34 Syntax error, illegal parameters
 35 Command not implemented
 36 Command parameter not implemented
 37 Access denied
 38 Authentication failed
 39 Invalid database
 40 Invalid strategy
 41 Connection to server failed
 dict was written by Rik Faith ( and is distributed
 under the terms of the GNU General Public License. If you need to
 distribute under other terms, write to the author.
 The main libraries used by this programs (zlib, regex, libmaa) are
 distributed under different terms, so you may be able to use the
 libraries for applications which are incompatible with the GPL --
 please see the copyright notices and license information that come with
 the libraries for more information, and consult with your attorney to
 resolve these issues.
 If a dict: URL is given on the command line, only the first one is
 used. The rest are ignored.
 If a dict: URL contains a specifier for the nth definition


text:
Building a home is a long and laborious process, but most of us don't know what the actual steps of home construction are. If you're planning on building a custom home, you're probably interested in what happens from the time builders first set foot on a lot to the moment you're handed your keys. Let's find out what happens in the months it takes to build a custom home.
The 5 Phases of Home Construction
There are five steps of construction when building a home: preconstruction, foundation, framing, interior and exterior work, and near-completion to hand-over. Though these phases are broad, we'll dive deeper into the nitty gritty of what happens during each of these phases, what happens when, and how long things take during each stage.
During the pre-construction phase, your builder will develop a plan for your home and submit them to their local municipal permitting office for approval. During the review process, site tests are performed and the engineering of the plans are scrutinized to perfection. Before you proceed anywhere with your build, you'll need three different site tests to ensure that the lot is ideal for your property location: soil testing, site survey and levels, and a detailed property report.
Soil testing looks at things like bearing capacity, reactiveness, and establishes fill/scrape recommendations to properly support the home being built. Bearing capacity is essential since it tells the engineer important information about the stability of the ground for the foundational design of your home. Reactivity tests are important for determining the likelihood of the soil moving, contracting, and expanding. Reactivity ranges from A – non reactive, to P – problem site. Depending on which class your soil falls under, the foundation may need extra reinforcement, you have to take steps against chemical abnormalities that can affect your home later on, or you may not be able to build at all.
Site surveys and levels will tell you important information about a number of elements for your property. A wind rating tells the designer how to design the home to withstand the wind gusts and speeds of your location. Existing retaining walls need to be noted since they can create stresses in the ground that affect your foundational design and cost. The slope of the land may require leveling or additional structural steps for your safety, so site levels and contours are another important aspect of your land survey. There are dozens of questions that your surveyor will investigate during this step as well, including water mains, fencing, storm water pit, sewage, gas, and power connections, site access, and more.
A property report provides a complete picture of your lot so your builder knows what to expect before starting construction. This is a crucial step to prevent delays, costs, and complications during the build. The report will include information about building restrictions, subdivision information, heritage requirements, designated land works, temporary fencing requirements, sewage, alpine and high corrosion areas, and more.
Building a foundation follows 5 general steps. First, your builder will clear the ground of all debris, including sticks, rocks, plant life, and garbage. Next, the area will be thoroughly prepped. To do this, the builder will dig an area 2 times deeper than the actual foundation will be. They will level and compact the soil, add gravel or sand to block out moisture, and then lay a polyethylene overtop for total waterproofing.
Next, we need a frame. The builder will use screed rails on both sides of the wood outline of your foundation, lay a straightedge across the frame, and add supports to rails to keep them sturdy and straight during pouring. Now the concrete can be poured to fill the foundation frame, using the straightedge to level it out as it fills. To finish, simply remove the rails and straightedge, fix any flaws, and allow the foundation to cure.
When framing a home, you always start from the ground up. The first step is to construct a floor on top of the foundation, and this is accomplished by anchoring sill plates to the foundation and fastening floor joists to these plates. Joist headers will be used to box in the ends so that everything sits flush with the outside of the foundation. After this, a subfloor is added that will support the wall construction. Sole plates will be nailed to the subflooring or anchored to the concrete slab. Studs are then nailed to the sole plates and then top plates are nailed to the studs to keep everything secure. Windows and doors will be mapped out in advance to be framed around. Once all studs are in place and the doors and windows are framed in, the headers can be installed. The wall will be built at once and then raised into place and secured in position.
Interior and Exterior Work
Once the framing is complete, the real work can begin. This stage includes plumbing, electrical, HVAC, insulation, drywall and interior fixtures, hard surface flooring, countertops, mechanical trims, bathrooms fixtures, doors, carpeting, paint, exterior finishes, and landscaping. Throughout these steps, there will be numerous inspections to make sure that everything is installed up to code and in accordance with all regulations.
Near Completion to Handover
In this stage, all the finishing touches are completed. Everything will be cleaned and tidied, debris will be taken away, and all finishing touches will be put in place to get the home move-in ready. If you've coordinated with a designer, you may also have help furnishing the house during this stage as well. You'll have the opportunity to do a final walkthrough as well to make sure that everything is in place. Then, you'll be handed the keys to your brand new home!

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
(Phys.org)—Finding the similarities between volleyball and snooker may seem quite tricky. However, a group of physicists have found that the spread of scores, otherwise known as distribution, across their ranking systems are almost identical.
They've also shown that this is the same for almost all sports, whether their ranking systems are based on points or the earnings of each individual or team.
Publishing their study today in the New Journal of Physics, the researchers came to this conclusion by statistically analysing the ranking systems across 12 different sports: tennis, golf, table tennis, volleyball, football, snooker, badminton, basketball, baseball, hockey, handball and fencing.
Rankings are a direct measure of a player or a team's performance and come in different forms. Some sports are ranked using a points system, while others are ranked using earnings. By statistically analysing the rankings and plotting them onto graphs, the researchers found that the distributions for each sport were almost identical.
The reason why the ranking systems have a common distribution is unknown and is the latest example of a phenomenon that abides by the mysterious 'power laws' – a term used to describe phenomena where large events are rare and small events are common.
In the past, research has shown that the frequency of words in different texts, the size of cities and people's income all abide by the same power law.
Co-author of the study, Dr Wei Li, said: "Let's take human wealth. The chance of being a billionaire is small, but not zero as we see thousands of them in the world. At the same time, the chance of being poor is very high. We call this distribution a power law and, for some unknown reason, witness exactly the same distribution in other everyday phenomena.
"The sports ranking systems we analysed all follow similar power-laws."
The researchers, from Hua-Zhong Normal University, ISMANS (LUNAM Université), Université de Maine and Max-Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, also found that the sport rankings agree with a maxim known as the Pareto principle.
Also known as the 80-20 rule, this states that, for many events, roughly 80 per cent of the effects come from 20 per cent of the causes. Vilfredo Pareto noticed this in 1906 when he found that 80 per cent of Italy's land was owned by 20 per cent of the population. The rule also applied to a variety of other countries he analysed.
In all of the sports analysed, 20 per cent of the players possessed 80 per cent of the total scores of the whole system.
"We all want to be the best or at least one of the best in some aspects. A businessman wants to be Bill Gates; a model wants to be Cindy Crawford; a tennis player wants to be Roger Federer. The idea of ranking is ubiquitous throughout our human society and we have found that for a number of sports, there is a similar law which dictates how these rankings pan out," continued Dr Li.
Explore further: Off-road motor sports a major risk for death and injury
More information: "Universal scaling in sports ranking" Deng et al. 2012 New J. Phys. 14 093038, _URL_-2630/14/9/093038/article

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
A Method for Evaluating the Quality of Financial Decision Making, with an Application to Financial Education
NBER Working Paper No. 20618
We introduce a method for measuring the quality of financial decisions built around a notion of financial competence, which gauges the alignment between consumers choices and those they would make if they properly understood their opportunities. We prove our measure admits a formal welfare interpretation even when consumers suffer from additional decision-making flaws, known and unknown, outside the scope of analysis. An application illuminates the pitfalls of the types of brief rhetoric-laden interventions commonly used for adult financial education: they affect behavior through unintended mechanisms, and hence may not improve decisions even when they perform well according to conventional metrics.
Document Object Identifier (DOI): 10.3386/w20618
Users who downloaded this paper also downloaded* these:


You asked: Why do babies grunt in their sleep?
Why does my baby grunt so much at night?
Grunting during sleep can indicate dreaming or a bowel movement. Gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Also known as acid reflux, this occurs when stomach contents rise into the food pipe. It can cause discomfort, and the baby may grunt.
Why does my baby squirm and grunt while sleeping?
While older children (and new parents) can snooze peacefully for hours, young babies squirm around and actually wake up a lot. That's because around half of their sleep time is spent in REM (rapid eye movement) mode — that light, active sleep during which babies move, dream and maybe wake with a whimper. Don't worry.
Why is my baby grunting and groaning so much?
There's grunting, groaning, snorting, and all sorts of other funny sounds that you'll hear out of her. But according to Dr. Levine, all those strange noises are caused by baby's nasal passages being pretty narrow in the newborn stage, leading the mucus that gets trapped in there to create some added sound effects.
Why do babies make weird breathing sounds when sleeping?
High-pitched, squeaky sound: Called stridor or laryngomalacia, this is a sound very young babies make when breathing in. It is worse when a child is lying on their back. It is caused by excess tissue around the larynx and is typically harmless. It typically passes by the time a child reaches age 2.
THIS IS INTERESTING: Can I move refrigerated breast milk to freezer?
How can I stop my baby grunting at night?
Taking turns or shifts looking after the baby at night is one way, but if that's not sustainable, try moving the bassinet farther away from the bed or using a sound machine to drown out the snuffles and grunts of your noisy sleeper. You could also hire a postpartum doula or a night nurse, if that's an option for you.
Does grunting baby syndrome hurt?
There is a condition that affects many babies known as Grunting Baby Syndrome or to use its medical name, Infant Dyschezia. This common condition is usually of no concern. When your baby squirms and grunts, it doesn't mean that they are in pain, especially when they do pass their stools and they are nice and soft.
Why does my 5 month old grunt all the time?
Baby Grunts
You might initially hear this guttural noise when your baby is having a bowel movement, but they may also grunt to relieve tension or express frustration or boredom. As your baby grows, their grunts may become demands.
What is expiratory grunting?
Grunting is an expiratory sound caused by sudden closure of the glottis during expiration in an attempt to maintain FRC and prevent alveolar atelectasis.


tail
The in_tail Input plugin allows Fluentd to read events from the tail of text files. Its behavior is similar to the tail -F command.
Example Configuration
in_tail is included in Fluentd's core. No additional installation process is required.
<source>
@type tail
path /var/log/httpd-access.log
pos_file /var/log/td-agent/httpd-access.log.pos
tag apache.access
<parse>
@type apache2
</parse>
</source>
Please see the Config File article for the basic structure and syntax of the configuration file. For <parse> section, please check Parse section cofiguration.
How it Works
When Fluentd is first configured with in_tail, it will start reading from the tail of that log, not the beginning. Once the log is rotated, Fluentd starts reading the new file from the beginning. It keeps track of the current inode number.
If td-agent restarts, it starts reading from the last position td-agent read before the restart. This position is recorded in the position file specified by the pos_file parameter.
Plugin helpers
Parameters
Common Parameters
@type (required)
The value must be tail.
tag
type
default
version
string
required parameter
0.14.0
The tag of the event.
* can be used as a placeholder that expands to the actual file path, replacing '/' with '.'. For example, if you have the following configuration
path /path/to/file
tag foo.*
in_tail emits the parsed events with the 'foo.path.to.file' tag.
path
type
default
version
string
required parameter
0.14.0
The paths to read. Multiple paths can be specified, separated by ','.
* and strftime format can be included to add/remove watch file dynamically. At interval of refresh_interval, Fluentd refreshes the list of watch file.
path /path/to/%Y/%m/%d/*
For multiple paths:
path /path/to/a/*,/path/to/b/c.log
If the date is 20140401, Fluentd starts to watch the files in /path/to/2014/04/01 directory. See also read_from_head parameter.
You should not use * with log rotation because it may cause the log duplication. In such case, you should separate in_tail plugin configuration.
path_timezone
type
default
version
string
nil
1.8.1
This parameter is for strftime formatted path like /path/to/%Y/%m/%d/.
in_tail uses system timezone by default. This parameter changes it.
path_timezone "+00"
For timezone format, see timezone section in this artilce.
exclude_path
type
default
version
array
[] (empty)
0.14.0
The paths to exclude the files from watcher list. For example, if you want to remove compressed files, you can use following pattern.
path /path/to/*
exclude_path ["/path/to/*.gz", "/path/to/*.zip"]
exclude_path takes its input as an array, unlike 'path' which takes it as a string.
refresh_interval
type
default
version
time
60 (seconds)
0.14.0
The interval of refreshing the list of watch file. This is used when path includes *.
limit_recently_modified
type
default
version
time
nil (disabled)
0.14.13
Limit the watching files that the modification time is within the specified time range when use * in path parameter.
skip_refresh_on_startup
type
default
version
bool
false
0.14.13
Skip the refresh of watching list on startup. This reduces the start up time when use * in path.
read_from_head
type
default
version
bool
false
0.14.0
Start to read the logs from the head of file, not bottom.
If you want to tail all contents with * or strftime dynamic path, set this parameter to true. Instead, you should guarantee that log rotation will not occur in * directory.
When this is true, in_tail tries to read a file during start up phase. If target file is large, it takes long time and starting other plugins isn't executed until reading file is finished.
encoding, from_encoding
type
default
version
string
nil (string encoding is ASCII-8BIT)
0.14.0
Specify the encoding of reading lines.
By default, in_tail emits string value as ASCII-8BIT encoding. These options change it.
 - If specify only encoding, in_tail changes string to encoding.
 This uses ruby's String#force_encoding
 - If specify encoding and from_encoding, in_tail tries to encode string from from_encoding to encoding.
 This uses ruby's String#encode
You can get supported encoding list by typing following command:
$ ruby -e 'p Encoding.name_list.sort'
read_lines_limit
type
default
version
integer
1000
0.14.0
The number of reading lines at each IO.
If you see "chunk bytes limit exceeds for an emitted event stream" log with in_tail, set smaller value.
multiline_flush_interval
type
default
version
time
nil (disabled)
0.14.0
The interval of flushing the buffer for multiline format.
If you set multiline_flush_interval 5s, in_tail flushes buffered event after 5 seconds from last emit. This option is useful when you use format_firstline option.
type
default
version
string
nil
0.14.0
This parameter is highly recommended. Fluentd will record the position it last read into this file.
pos_file /var/log/td-agent/tmp/access.log.pos
pos_file handles multiple positions in one file so no need multiple pos_file parameters per source.
Don't share pos_file between in_tail configurations. It causes unexpected behavior, e.g. corrupt pos_file content.
in_tail removes untracked file position during startup phase. It means the content of pos_file is growing until restart when you tails lots of files with dynamic path setting. I will fix this problem in the future. Check this issue.
pos_file_compaction_interval
type
default
version
time
nil
1.9.2
The interval of doing compaction of pos file. The targets of compaction are unwatch file's line, unparsable file's line and duplicated line. You can use this value when pos_file option is set.
pos_file /var/log/td-agent/tmp/access.log.pos
pos_file_compaction_interval 72h
<parse> directive (required)
The format of the log. in_tail uses parser plugin to parse the log. See parser article for more detail.
Here are several examples:
# json
<parse>
@type json
</parse>
# regexp
<parse>
@type regexp
expression ^(?<name>[^ ]*) (?<user>[^ ]*) (?<age>\d*)$
</parse>
If @type contains multiline, in_tail works as multiline mode.
format
Deprecated parameter. Use <parse> instead.
path_key
type
default
version
string
nil (no assign)
0.14.0
Add watching file path to path_key field.
path /path/to/access.log
path_key tailed_path
With this config, generated events are like {"tailed_path":"/path/to/access.log","k1":"v1",...,"kN":"vN"}.
rotate_wait
type
default
version
time
5 (seconds)
0.14.0
in_tail actually does a bit more than tail -F itself. When rotating a file, some data may still need to be written to the old file as opposed to the new one.
in_tail takes care of this by keeping a reference to the old file (even after it has been rotated) for some time before transitioning completely to the new file. This helps prevent data designated for the old file from getting lost. By default, this time interval is 5 seconds.
The rotate_wait parameter accepts a single integer representing the number of seconds you want this time interval to be.
enable_watch_timer
type
default
version
bool
true
0.14.0
Enable the additional watch timer. Setting this parameter to false will significantly reduce CPU and I/O consumption when tailing a large number of files on systems with inotify support. The default is true which results in an additional 1 second timer being used.
in_tail (via Cool.io) uses inotify on systems which support it. Earlier versions of libev on some platforms (eg Mac OS X) did not work properly; therefore, an explicit 1 second timer was used. Even on systems with inotify support, this results in additional I/O each second, for every file being tailed.
Early testing demonstrates that modern Cool.io and in_tail work properly without the additional watch timer. At some point in the future, depending on feedback and testing, the additional watch timer may be disabled by default.
enable_stat_watch


Creating harmony among the different religious traditions.
Together we give social service to the society.
Christianity, Hinduism, Islam
Number of Members
South India
Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Joined URI Network
Adriel, Anekal is a new group organizing and involving youth from the area to address religiously and socially motivated unrest. Adriel members belong to different religious and cultural groups. The area had a few incidents of community conflicts among Hindus and Muslims. Interfaith bridge-building is very essential to mitigate the impact of such conflicts. Members of a youth club engaged in solving the problem, and they were able to bring under control the impact of the violent situation, establishing peace. With this background, they decided to join URI and be a permanent peacebuilding resource. The group meets monthly and members share social action. They have organized health camps and blood donation campaigns. They also support youth and rural development, and involve themselves in women's empowerment. Their activities have received a good response from all people without the boundaries of religions.
Contact Adriel


GoogleApi.Apigee.V1.Model.GoogleCloudApigeeV1RuntimeTraceConfig (google_api_apigee v0.24.1) View Source
NEXT ID: 8 RuntimeTraceConfig defines the configurations for distributed trace in an environment.
Attributes
 - endpoint (type: String.t, default: nil) - Endpoint of the exporter.
 - exporter (type: String.t, default: nil) - Exporter that is used to view the distributed trace captured using OpenCensus. An exporter sends traces to any backend that is capable of consuming them. Recorded spans can be exported by registered exporters.
 - name (type: String.t, default: nil) - Name of the trace config in the following format: organizations/{org}/environment/{env}/traceConfig
 - overrides (type: list(GoogleApi.Apigee.V1.Model.GoogleCloudApigeeV1RuntimeTraceConfigOverride.t), default: nil) - List of trace configuration overrides for spicific API proxies.
 - revisionCreateTime (type: DateTime.t, default: nil) - The timestamp that the revision was created or updated.
 - revisionId (type: String.t, default: nil) - Revision number which can be used by the runtime to detect if the trace config has changed between two versions.
 - samplingConfig (type: GoogleApi.Apigee.V1.Model.GoogleCloudApigeeV1RuntimeTraceSamplingConfig.t, default: nil) - Trace configuration for all API proxies in an environment.
Link to this section Summary
Functions
Unwrap a decoded JSON object into its complex fields.
Link to this section Types
Specs
t() :: %GoogleApi.Apigee.V1.Model.GoogleCloudApigeeV1RuntimeTraceConfig{
 endpoint: String.t(),
 exporter: String.t(),
 name: String.t(),
 overrides: [
 GoogleApi.Apigee.V1.Model.GoogleCloudApigeeV1RuntimeTraceConfigOverride.t()
 ],
 revisionCreateTime: DateTime.t(),
 revisionId: String.t(),
 samplingConfig:
 GoogleApi.Apigee.V1.Model.GoogleCloudApigeeV1RuntimeTraceSamplingConfig.t()
}
Link to this section Functions
Specs
decode(struct(), keyword()) :: struct()
Unwrap a decoded JSON object into its complex fields.


text: We report for the first time that the dynamic magnetic intermediate state (DMI) was observed at a speed of several ns during spin transfer switching for MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). The DMI was observed as slow resistance oscillation at the center of the parallel to anti-parallel state by single shot time domain measurements. The DMI is observable at certain current amplitudes. The outbreak probability decreases with further current increase. We concluded that the DMI originates from inhomogeneous magnetization behavior. On the other hand, previous single shot time domain measurements have shown only for single-domain-like magnetization behavior.


text:
Tailoring Self-Attention for Graph via Rooted Subtrees
Keywords: Graph Based Learning
TL;DR: We design an efficient multi-hop graph attention mechanism based on rooted subtrees.
Abstract: Attention mechanisms have made significant strides in graph learning, yet they still exhibit notable limitations: local attention faces challenges in capturing long-range information due to the inherent problems of the message-passing scheme, while global attention cannot reflect the hierarchical neighborhood structure and fails to capture fine-grained local information. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-hop graph attention mechanism, named Subtree Attention (STA), to address the aforementioned issues. STA seamlessly bridges the fully-attentional structure and the rooted subtree, with theoretical proof that STA approximates the global attention under extreme settings. By allowing direct computation of attention weights among multi-hop neighbors, STA mitigates the inherent problems in existing graph attention mechanisms. Further we devise an efficient form for STA by employing kernelized softmax, which yields a linear time complexity. Our resulting GNN architecture, the STAGNN, presents a simple yet performant STA-based graph neural network leveraging a hop-aware attention strategy. Comprehensive evaluations on ten node classification datasets demonstrate that STA-based models outperform existing graph transformers and mainstream GNNs. The code is available at _URL_
Supplementary Material: zip
Submission Number: 11262


text:
A series of subporphyrin-based fluorescent probes bearing 1-aza-15-crown-5 or 1-aza-18-crown-6 moieties at the meso or axial positions were prepared by Pd-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig amination reaction of the corresponding bromosubporphyrins. Both types of aza-crown-ether-incorporated subporphyrins were fluorescent in solution and exhibited cation-dependent absorption and fluorescence changes. In fluorescence titration experiments, opposite responses were observed for the two types of subporphyrins. Namely, fluorescence quenching occurred for the meso-substituted subporphyrins while fluorescence enhancement was observed for the axially-substituted subporphyrins. These results demonstrate the advantage of subporphyrins being viable to serve as turn-off-type or turn-on-type fluorescence probes, depending upon substitution pattern.
Bibliographical notePublisher Copyright:
© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Inorganic Chemistry


text:
Monash Law Clinics - Clayton is staffed by law students who conduct legal work on behalf of real clients, all while working in direct collaboration with expert supervisors.
Students also undertake follow-up work such as drafting letters, court documents, negotiating with another party and keeping the client informed about file progress.
Priority is given to those clients least able to access the legal, finance or social welfare system on their own due to financial difficulties, language, literacy or other disadvantage.
Benefits for students:
- Improved graduate employability driven by the skills and knowledge gained through participation.
- Providing all students, regardless of social or economic background, with pathways into the legal profession.
- Increase connection points and enhanced opportunities.
- Build professional networks.
- A deeper understanding and appreciation of the law and its application in the community, government and commercial world.
- Potential to be involved in meaningful and high-profile law reforms.


thus recalling effects without having to reconstruct them.
- add the ability to name and save configured tools, and the user will have a cross-document, visual and lexical record of unique ways a tool has been constructed and applied.
Relational concepts can be extended to a program's forms.
Page layout programs that handle picture frame and text frame placement must deal with various offset parameters. Pictured are two approaches to establishing a runaround and a margin (frame offsets established from the outside-in and inside-out respectively).
PageMaker's15 icon based dialog box approach is simple and intuitive. It portrays the interrelationship between runaround and margin. Pick the right runaround icon, and the available margin icons show up.
PageMaker's icon based runaround dialog box.
Quark XPress' more versatile runaround tool is simple and clean. However, it does not relate runaround to frame margins. Frame margins are established elsewhere.
Quark's runaround dialog box.
What are the disadvantages of these forms?
- Both approaches are modal (each form covers the document, can't be moved, and must be dismissed before you can see the results), both take up a lot of room. Neither can easily be extended to other offset features, such as frame-specific traps/spreads, which may be built into future product versions.
- Neither allows the user to affect multiple selected objects, to change unit measures individually, to incrementally modify one or all object offsets by a specific amount, to check to see if more than one objects have the same offset, to reset offsets to the same amount, in short to view and change offsets contextually.
Relational Forms
Quark XPress 3.0's Measurements Palette;, is a relational portent of forms to come. An interactive form, the palette reflects the characteristics of the currently chosen object(s). Nonmodal, its horizontal profile can be unobtrusively placed beneath highlighted objects.
Quark's Measurements Palette: An interesting testament to the relational approach is that users introduced to page layout through XPress 3.0 tend to rely on this form exclusively (and not go to the menu to access its modal object modification forms).
FrameMaker's16 Character Format and Paragraph Format dialog boxes provide similar functionality.
Applying similar principles to a runaround and margin offset form might result in the following. A modular form of this sort could easily be extended to show chokes and spreads.
This relational form permits the software designer to add interactive modules as more capabilities are added. The user can display selected extensions or portions of each extension (Show & Margins All Sides) on the document using colored guidelines. Within the form, the user can change selected dimensions, change unit measures, and lock or incrementally change dimensions (notice the arrows replacing the locks). (Note: the question mark indicates a dimensional disagreement among the selected set of objects. A more verbose form might show a range of dimensions.)
Tied to an interactive set of colored guidelines surrounding selected text frames this approach gives the user the option of changing attributes to each frame individually directly on the active page or absolutely/incrementally en-masse through the relational form.
Other Relational Forms
Nisus' search/replace form permits the user to set and view character attributes directly on the form.
Nisus search/replace function includes relational facilities ("or") and permits the user to incorporate different type styles, sizes, colors, and modes directly on the form. The word "time" appears jaggy because it connotes "any font."
Graphic relational forms include Digital Darkroom's form suite. Its Paste Control form interactively affects combined images as they are being applied and teach as well as demonstrate the complex interaction of selected colors and feather and dissolve settings as they apply to replace, blend, darken and lighten procedures.
Menus--once single level multi-button pulldowns permanently attached to menu bars--now can appear beneath dialog box buttons, application tools, and window widgets and borders; can cascade into sub-sub items; and can tear away to coexist on-screen as non-modal forms. Sensitive to screen edges and limited in cascadable depth, Apple-approved menu functionality is designed to be easy to understand and ergonomically stable enough to easily operate.
Depending on the application, menus, or menu pulldowns may change depending on currently selected objects and tools. Menus that change in unexpected ways can be disarming to the inexperienced operator.
Menu items tend to be recalled often. If those items are at the end of a long dropdown or hanging off a long cascading menu branching up from the long dropdown they can be difficult to repeatedly access. Menu entries calling up complex dialog boxes could allow entry sets to be named and cascaded from that menu item. A macro could assign a keycode to the item but that might require recoding another keyboard assignment or remembering an obtuse code. Relational menus could position recent selections on a new menu or alternate the existing menu configurations by stacking items based on frequency of use or last-up top-of-stack fashion. Of course, restacking could destroy a carefully designed and sorted menu. But if the interface split each menu item into a left, center, and right button area the user could have the choice of:
- left: accessing past menu choices (or past named dialog boxes),
- center: selecting a default entry, (or the standard dialog box) or
- right: selecting from the expected arrangement of sub-menu items (or the full set of named dialog boxes).
Digital Darkroom's visually consistent set of interactive forms affect the window image or selected image areas to preview visual effects.
The cascading "Font" menu reflects the full range of choices to the right and a chronological font selection to the left. The center could be used to select a default entry (indicated by the "*" next to Times)
The "Type" menu allows access to the standard dialog box or to a sub-menu of named Type designations.
Notice the horizontal lines next to Geneva and Palatino fonts. This is the relational device Apple's System 7.0 uses to designate multiple selections within the currently active area.
Relational menus could shrink the main menu to include only designated and previous choices or provide the user with a limited set of options that related directly to the task at hand. Such menus, could make menuing more efficient by reflecting what had been done to date.
Command Line Descriptions
As programs and environments get more complex, they are employing command line descriptions of some sort. Either tied to the cursor or appearing on a specified screen position these context sensitive titles, descriptions, and instructions serve to alert, name, describe, or instruct relative to currently active items. Apple's System 7.0 has added context sensitive Help bubbles to explain any item you point to with the cursor.
MiniCAD's smart cursor is a relational tool that describes and suggests.
The Sensitive and the Sensual
A graphical interface can communicate through digital or analog means.
If you consider interface a means of conveyance--a way of getting from here to there--and you compare interface tools to a railroad, digital is to analog as each staccato rail tie is to the source-to-destination rail line. Specifically, digital is how you construct, reconstruct, and remember--it's the parts that eventually make up the whole. Analog is how you enjoy--it's the whole expressed in parts. Walk alongside the tracks, dissecting every step of the journey and you're concentrated on the digital; travel the tracks by train and your senses are immersed in the analog.
Computers define reality digitally, using on/off logic. Software that emphasizes input by the numbers, numerical increments, ±, <, >, extend this digital logic to their interface. But showing a digital face is as much a matter of choice as using numbers rather than hands on an electronic watch. Interfacewise, digital and analog are two sides of the same coin.
Digital interfaces subtly affect the way we relate to reality. Digital interface provides precision and accuracy at the expense of contextual richness and relative understanding. Its effects aren't limited to the computer. Listeners can lose hard to find stations when they're forced to step through frequencies rather than tune-in stations. The implied message "It's just about quitting time" loses some of its timbre when your digital watch indicates "4:43" rather than showing a "about quarter of..." minute hand creeping toward the appointed hour. Gas pumpers trying to get the best of their local oil conglomerate no longer can get that tiny feeling of accomplishment by inching the gas meter up to the hairline below $5.01.
But the digital approach also has its advantages. The touch tone telephone takes less effort, is faster, provides more feedback, is more personal and secure, and is easier to build and customize than the dial model.
Analog interface alternatives have a more relational feel. And relational interfaces, because they relate to wholes rather than sift through parts--have a distinctly more sensual feel. They communicate a flow. Analog devices provide the tactile undercurrent that makes a friendly looking interface a friendly feeling interface.
As construction devices, interfaces that show objects with handles that can be stretched and shrunk may not be as precise as their key-in counterparts but relate much better to the person doing the constructing. Analog progress indicators include animated expanding and shrinking windows, turning balls, filling/emptying gauges, scrolling bars, etc. These devices move to indicate something is happening, and fill to indicate--in relative terms--the process is moving toward a goal, and it's approaching completion. Their digital counterparts--word lists, number countdowns, percentage readouts, -- may be the real grist of the mill, but are often as irrelevant to the task at hand as continually counting our heartbeats is to staying alive.
Which is not to say that--in the proper context--digital readouts can't be valuable adjuncts or


text:
Louisiana State Cotton Museum
At this museum, there are currently four exhibits on display: The History of Cotton, The Impact of Cotton on Westward Expansion, and The Impact of Cotton on Society and Culture and The Impact of Cotton on the Economy. The last exhibit is subdivided into Technological Advances, The New Orleans Cotton Exchange and The Uses of Cotton.
The History of Cotton exhibit begins with an overview of the origins of cotton and its eventual cultivation throughout the world. It concentrates on the period from 1820 to the 1930's, in which cotton became the United States' preeminent crop, directly affecting many facets of everyday life. The Impact of Cotton on Westward Expansion display explains the advance of the cultivation of cotton from the Eastern seaboard westward which was greatly facilitated by the invention and widespread use of steamboats and railroads. Cotton also helped establish New Orleans as a major port. The Impact of Cotton on Society and Culture interprets the influence of cotton on the development of class and culture. Cotton played a dominant role in the Southerner's life; it shaped social classes and artistic creations such as literature, paintings and songs. The Technological Advances exhibit chronicles the history of the New Orleans Cotton Exchange with photographs and statistics, as well as the processing of cotton and the final products obtained.
The museum also features rotating displays within the museum and outdoor exhibits.


Disability equipment hire
The wandering stay functions at an supplemental level. The wandering stay is grows stability. The rollator is applying within the wandering sticks. Height and also fat participate in a serious functio
What Are Fine Chemicals?
 The initial versions of drugs were produced by extracting substances from natural herbs and other plants. As understanding and technology in chemistry continued to grow, scientists figu


text:
Tuesday, 10 June 2014: 11:15 AM
Church Ranch (Denver Marriott Westminster)
The North Dakota Agricultural Weather Network (NDAWN) has provided necessary supplementation to the National Weather Service (NWS) Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) network and Federal Aviation and Administration (FAA) Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS). There are two NWS Weather Forecast Offices (WFO) providing weather and climate information in near-real time with nine ASOS and 14 AWOS locations in North Dakota. The state's radically fluctuating weather conditions has made it evident that additional near-real time observations are necessary. The NDAWN network, consisting of 75 automated weather stations distributed across North Dakota and neighboring states collects basic meteorological data including wind speed and direction, air and soil temperatures, relative humidity, rainfall, atmospheric pressure and solar radiation. A 10-foot tripod and Campbell Scientific Inc. hardware are used on each site. The stations utilize solar power providing continuous 12v DC power for the data storage and telecommunication telemetry. The NDAWN network provides agricultural weather information to area growers with crop-specific agricultural applications. Established in 1989, NDAWN's value increased rapidly and by 2014, its economic impact to North Dakota's sugarbeet, potato and small grains growers was measured in millions of dollars.
Supplementary URL: _URL_
- Indicates paper has been withdrawn from meeting
- Indicates an Award Winner


text:
Science and Humanities
Kamarajar Educational Road, Amathur – 626 005 Sivakasi – Virudhunagar Main Road.,Sivakasi,Tamilnadu,India
Monday – Friday
The Department of Science and Humanities stands focused to its ideals in imparting knowledge to language skills (English) and basic sciences like Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and lays a solid foundation to the Engineering Students of the first years. They are application-oriented and provide ample opportunities to hone the students' social skills by involving themselves in activities and enhance their value added life skills and communication abilities.
The Department of English is on the objective to fulfill the parameters of an engineer by imparting communication skills, focusing functional grammar, implementing the technical aspects, business aspects and developing vocabulary for proficiency in all the aspects. TOEFL, BEC, GRE are the learning strategies through which an engineer has a mastery over the language. With the Orell Digital Language Lab Software, LSRW skills become predominant for the students in all the ways.
The Department of Mathematics is on the objective to activate the engineering minds with creativity and analytical thinking. By making the students application oriented, it imparts the engineering based mathematical concepts in a more conceptual way.
The Department of Physics is on the objective to create advancement in material sciences, to provide opportunities to manipulate at micro and nano scales of recognized importance, to foster link with the multifaceted laboratories of Science and Engineering disciplines. By making the students understanding and realizing the concepts both theory and practical, engineering physics has achieved from fundamental level to its applications. The Physics Laboratory is furnished with requirements for the engineering students to understand the concepts more practically.
The Department of Chemistry is on the objective to carry out the engineering minds in a research oriented manner. Being a conceptual part of Science, Engineering Chemistry bridges the gap by providing education in an application oriented way. The Department of Chemistry is a vital, expanding hub of scientific inquiry with deep historic roots and a ready grasp on the future. Highlighting Chemical Engineering is one more perspective of the department.


text:
You must login before you can run this tool.
The General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) is a high-level modeling system for mathematical programming and optimization. It consists of a language compiler and a stable of integrated high-performance solvers.
The General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) is specifically designed for modeling linear, nonlinear and mixed integer optimization problems. The system is especially useful with large, complex problems.
GAMS is especially useful for handling large, complex, one-of-a-kind problems which may require many revisions to establish an accurate model. The system models problems in a highly compact and natural way. The user can change the formulation quickly and easily, can change from one solver to another, and can even convert from linear to nonlinear with little trouble.
GAMS lets the user concentrate on modeling. By eliminating the need to think about purely technical machine-specific problems such as address calculations, storage assignments, subroutine linkage, and input-output and flow control, GAMS increases the time available for conceptualizing and running the model, and analyzing the results. GAMS structures good modeling habits itself by requiring concise and exact specification of entities and relationships. The GAMS language is formally similar to commonly used programming languages. It is therefore familiar to anyone with programming experience.
Using GAMS, data are entered only once in familiar list and table form. Models are described in concise algebraic statements which are easy for both humans and machines to read. Whole sets of closely related constraints are entered in one statement. GAMS automatically generates each constraint equation, and lets the user make exceptions in cases where generality is not desired. Statements in models can be reused without having to change the algebra when other instances of the same or related problems arise. The location and type of errors are pinpointed before a solution is attempted. GAMS handles dynamic models involving time sequences, lags and leads and treatment of temporal endpoints.


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German Transport Planning Prize awarded
The Association for Urban, Regional and State Planning SRL e. V. in cooperation with the VCD 2020 is awarding the German Transport Planning Prize for the sixth time: "VOM PARKRAUM ZUM FREIRAUM. Projects and concepts for a traffic turnaround in public space".
Projects and concepts that solve complex tasks in an innovative and interdepartmental manner and initiate cooperation in urban and transport planning are honoured. These should be characterised by integrated urban and transport planning, high design quality and an improved environmental situation. In doing so, the growing space requirements of pedestrian and bicycle traffic as well as public transport are to be taken into account, as well as the requirements for liveable urban spaces and climate adaptation measures.
Against the background of growing competition for space, the projects offer solutions for dealing with parking and show good examples of a fairer distribution of space. They increase the quality of stay in the street space and thus make an important contribution to the traffic turnaround.
Deadline for submissions is Tuesday, September 1, 2020 at 12:00 pm. The award will be presented at the SRL Annual Conference on 19 November 2020 in Karlsruhe.
- Latitude: 0
- Longitude: 0


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Crown of Thorns cactus
have had the plant for years always have trouble getting it to bloom now the plant has yellow spots all over all the leaves. It is almost 4 ft. tall. What is wrong. ( I have 8 more cr. of thorns but they all have smaller leaves, this one has large leaves0 what is the difference?
Certified GKH Gardening Expert
Newer cultivators have larger leaves then older varieties.
Crown of Thorns are susceptible to fungus issues. You can use a fungicide on the plants.
Bacterial leaf spot can also be found on these plants. The disease is characterized by circular gray to brown leaf
spots surrounded by distinct yellow halos. The infected leaves often turn
yellow and fall off the plants. Leafs should be removed from the plant and disposed of. Make sure the plants have adequate air circulation.
Avoid getting water on the leaves and stems.


that a resource can be cached by any cache. This directive is useful for resources that change infrequently, and when the resource is intended for public consumption.
 - Cache-Control: Private
 - The private response directive indicates that a resource is user specific - it can still be cached, but only on a client device. For example, a web page response marked as private can be cached by a browser, but not a Content Delivery Network.
 - This directive can be used in conjunction with the max-age directive to specify how long the resource can be cached before it needs to be revalidated.
Setting HTTP Cache-Control Headers in W3 Total Cache
 1. In your WordPress admin dashboard, navigate to Performance > Browser Cache.
 2. Determine what your Cache-Control policies will be for the following files:
 - CSS & JS
 - HTML & XML
 - Media & Other Files
 3. Locate the CSS & JS section.
 - Check the box next to the "Set cache control header" setting.
 - Below that option, select the "Cache Control policy:" from the selections provided.
 4. Repeat step 3 for these sections:
 - HTML & XML section
 - Media & Other Files
 5. Scroll down to the bottom and press the Save Settings & Purge Caches button to save and apply the settings immediately.
niLC--VuoLPAbK_F9odKjqHc4SUDOoHUnbeL2lywXNqyWlDOLDoNUXOIpW3ubO7ZQn8hTwXEzsxAo8VygXhaEBCLl9ctKd_qMK20PBRouWDlCKU3W__50JSofYcYkndUPEQpPLdijvB1i_8275SvEAg
Cache Busting
Cache busting is a technique used to force a browser or caching server to retrieve a new version of a resource, rather than using the cached version. One way to do this is by using a query parameter, such as a timestamp or a version number, in the URL of the resource.
For example, instead of requesting a resource at the URL _URL_ a cache-busting URL would look like _URL_ where v=1234 is the query parameter. This query parameter can be a timestamp or a version number, and it will be ignored by the server, but it will force the browser or caching server to treat the request as a new request, rather than using the cached version of the resource.
This technique is often used for static resources like stylesheets, scripts, images and so on, that are intended to be cached, but that may need to be updated frequently. By appending a query parameter to the URL, a new version of the resource will be retrieved each time the query parameter changes.
This technique is commonly used to ensure that the client gets the latest version of the resources after they are updated on the server side.
Enable Cache Busting in W3 Total Cache
Enabling Cache Busting in W3 Total Cache is done by selecting the option "Prevent caching of objects after settings change" under Performance > Browser Cache. This adds a random string at the end of static asset URLs.
6-dBvrms8eOPVkl2Xk_hK0M27bk7yXrblhQzVAU2BP_0ifVj145xUJQoNHnPvIoXALz1pCkNQdxACx6AiEfu-1r0wbXCXftLY-cvQUF-Qjvp7c23-YZC58GXCarK239gSlLxuDIpV8UswxyJ92oxOUc
Whenever a change is made to a static asset, busting cache is done by navigating to the Browser Cache page under performance, and clicking "Update Media Query String" at top. This regenerates a new string that appends to the static asset URL, which will not match the URL of the stored version in your browser so it will show the updated version to the visitor.
dzKEf1iWSU9CC7Vs37Xg3wrKWyhCGPn0xMsGfqlxZFMYr-U0mEu6oZVXADC8sStSVRp5MOiLUz6GBj0mFOT83w-Xm589nCtMFNQiGSiA2-hxtCCbFdXTXARnyPP6NXnVdnyTXrYBvYAwT_TZSafsGsQ
Proxy Caching / CDNs
Cache storage is a finite resource, so every bit of storage performance matters. Caching at proxy servers is one of the ways to reduce the response time perceived by World Wide Web users.
Explain choices: Ease of use versus complicated configurations vs your needs
 - CDN level / edge caching
 - Server (NGINX) Proxy Cache
 - WordPress Plugins / Application level caching
What do you have now? What is your budget? (CDN's can be expensive) Bunny has a region based solution, with explicit pricing per region we can mention here.
Where is your audience in relation to your server?
What do we want to guide user to do?
Cache Eviction Policies
Cache replacement algorithms play a central role in reducing response times by selecting specific website assets for caching, so that a given performance metric is maximized. They do this by deciding which objects can stay and which objects should be evicted the next time the website is accessed.
 - Least Recently Used (LRU): Replaces the cache line that has been in the cache the longest with no references to it.
 - First-In First-Out (FICO): Replaces the cache line that has been in the cache the longest.
 - Least Frequently Used (LFU): Replaces the cache line that has experienced the fewest references.
 - Random: Pick a line at random from the candidate lines.
Caching Storage Engines
For the different types of caching and storage engines available in the W3TC plugin. The following list outlines those choices for you.
Note: In order for some of these services to be available to your WordPress installation, they must be installed on the server in conjunction with the PHP extension or module needed for the service to function.
Disk-Based Methods with W3 Total Cache
 - Disk: Basic is the option that invokes a PHP script (advanced-cache.php) that does the hard caching job.
 - Disk: Enhanced is the more efficient way of caching. This method does not invoke PHP scripts but solves the caching task in a much more elegant way by creating a static version of a web page and serves that instead of the dynamic version of your website via rewrites in the .htaccess file. This approach lets your web server deal with a static (cached) version of your web pages directly. Some tests reveal that the Enhanced method makes a website up to 2.5 times faster when compared to the Basic method.
RAM Based Methods with W3 Total Cache
 - Memcached is a high-performance, distributed memory object caching system meant to speed up dynamic web applications by alleviating database load. It provides an in-memory key-value store for small chunks of arbitrary data (strings, objects) from the results of database calls, API calls, or page rendering.
 - Memcached is ideal for relatively small and static data, and as a result may be more efficient than Redis in smaller data sets. It is also multi-threaded, which may be a benefit when using a VPS or Dedicated Server with a large resource pool.
 - Redis is an open source (BSD licensed), in-memory data structure store, used as a database, cache and message broker. It supports data structures such as strings, hashes, lists, sets, sorted sets with range queries, bitmaps, hyperloglogs, geospatial indexes with radius queries and streams. Redis data structures resolve very complex programming problems with simple commands executed within the data store, reducing coding effort, increasing throughput, and reducing latency.
OPcode Based Methods with W3 Total Cache
 - Alternative PHP Cache (APC / APCu) which provides in-memory Opcode caching and a key-value store for looking up cached items. This is largely deprecated in favor of modern Opcode Caching mechanisms, as APC is not supported in the PHP 7.x branch.
 - APCu is similar to APC, though in order to support modern variants of PHP it is stripped of Opcode Caching and only provides the in-memory key-value store mechanisms. When paired with modern Opcode Caching mechanisms it can provide the functionality originally provided by APC, though it should only be used when you require having a limited cache size.
 - eAccelerator is an in-memory Opcode caching solution that supports the PHP 4.x and 5.x major versions. This is largely deprecated in favor of modern Opcode Caching mechanisms, as eAccelerator is not supported in the PHP 7.x branch.
 - XCache is an in-memory Opcode caching solution that supports up to the PHP 5.6 release. This is largely deprecated in favor of modern Opcode Caching mechanisms, as XCache is not supported in the PHP 7.x branch.
 - WinCache (Recommended for Windows-based Environments) is an extension for Microsoft IIS which provides in-


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Maori men and women from different homelands
Engraving of Maori man and woman
"A New Zealand Warrior and his Wife", an engraving from the journal of Captain James Cook's visit on Endeavour (Pic: State Library of NSW)
The male and female ancestors of today's Maori people of New Zealand originated from different parts of the world, molecular biologists have said.
Their claims, made by Masters student Adele Whyte, the Tuapapa Putaiao Maori Fellow at Victoria University in Wellington, and her supervisor Professor Geoff Chambers, will be aired on ABC-TV's science program Catalyst tonight.
By comparing the DNA of people from Asia, across the Pacific Ocean and New Zealand, Whyte and Chambers have revealed a 'living genetic map' of ancient Maori migration routes.
The findings confirm archaeological evidence that the ancestors of today's Maori originally set out from mainland south-east Asia 6,000 years ago, hopped from island to island, starting with Taiwan, and arrived in New Zealand 800 to 1,000 years ago.
However the research also brings startlingly new evidence that as Maori ancestors migrated one group of islands to the next, men from Melanesian communities joined the boats. This changed the genetic mix, and lead to the differences observed in the genetic make-up of today's Maori men and women.
The research involved two separate genetic mapping processes. The Southeast Asian homeland was confirmed by Chambers' research into the frequency of two different genes that influence the body's reaction to alcohol. He found that while Asian people have both gene types, Maori and Pacific Islanders have inherited only one.
He looked back along the trail of migration to try and work out where the gene was lost. The indigenous people from Taiwan have both genes, but a lower frequency of one - the very gene that the Maori now lack.
"We think this one was lost at the first step of migration, when people left what is now Taiwan," Chambers told ABC Science Online.
The second mapping process involved Whyte's examination of sex-linked genetic markers, namely mitochondrial DNA in women, and Y-chromosomes in men. The research found that in addition to the alcohol genes, female Maori have other genetic markers which confirm their ancient Asian origin. To her surprise, however, the men have genetic markers that show a Melanesian ancestry.
"As a result of intermarriage along the migration trail, the signatures of the mitochondrial DNA from women have stayed more 'island south-east Asian', and the Y-chromosomes are more Melanesian," Whyte told ABC Science Online.
"We think both men and women set off together, and recruited local guides who were probably men. Women stayed with the south-east Asian populations, and Melanesian men were recruited along the way."
Genetic bottlenecks
Whyte also analysed the 'haplotypes' (groups of closely linked genes) carried on mitochondrial DNA, which is inherited only through the female line. Each population has a unique range of haplotypes. While Europeans have over 100 haplotypes in a particular region of DNA, studies so far have only found four different Maori haplotypes in the same region.
"The reason for this difference is what we call a genetic bottleneck. When people leave an island to go to the next island, obviously not everybody gets on the boat, so some of the genetic diversity is being lost," she said. "Some of the maternal lineages may not have got on the boat, so they're not carried on to the next place."
Whyte has now identified 10 haplotypes in New Zealand Maori. "From that we have worked out that 56 women came to New Zealand to create the diversity of today's population," she added.
Whyte said these findings were consistent with Maori legend.
"The story I was told when I was growing up is that there was a fleet of seven great waka (canoes) that came to New Zealand," she said. "Every tribe knows which waka their ancestors arrived in. My ancestors were in a waka called Takitimu."
"There might have been 20 people travelling in a canoe the size of a waka. Seven waka, that's about 140 people. And if, as we think, about half or 56 of these people happen to be women, it does seem to tie in."
Tags: archaeology, geography, cloning-and-dna


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Contrasting Star Pair in Auriga
January 06, 2017
For some time I've been very interested in pairs of naked eye stars that show contrasting colors. Carefully looking through my Planetarium program (the Sky 6) for new objects to image, I accidentally came across another impressive star pairing, this time in the constellation of Auriga. The stars 10-Eta Aurigae and 8-Zeta Aurigae form a striking bright blue/orange pairing.
10-Eta Aurigae is approximately 220 light years away and has a magnitude of 3.18 (naked eye visible). It's magnitude B is 2.97 and magnitude V is 3.14, giving a negative B-V value that's characteristic of blue stars. 8-Zeta Aurigae lies about 790 light years away and is slightly dimmer than its blue neighbor, with a magnitude 3.69 (also naked eye visible). Its magnitude B is 5.25 and its magnitude V is 3.89, giving a positive B-V value that puts this star's emission in the orange part of the visible spectrum.
Auriga is high in the eastern sky several hours after nightfall. For viewers in the Northern Hemisphere see if you can detect this blue/orange pairing. Photo taken on November 25, 2016, at the New Forest Observatory in southern England.
Photo Details: Image acquired using the Sky 90 array; a total imaging time of 5.5 hours; using 5-minute sub-exposures.


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Provided by Christopher Carr
Chris Carr is Chair of the Paul Hastings Environment and Energy Practice and is based in the firm's San Francisco office. Mr. Carr is experienced in local, state, federal, and international laws, regulations, initiatives, and programs promoting renewable energy and infrastructure. He represents energy and other land and infrastructure developers and investors, public agencies, and nonprofits in all areas of environmental and natural resources law. His experience includes complex permitting and litigation defense for projects including energy; housing, corporate campuses and commercial real estate; water and transportation infrastructure; and forestry, mining, coastal and marine, and agricultural resources development. In particular, his practice focuses on permitting and litigation under the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA), the Clean Water Act, and the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), as well as their California counterparts: the California ESA, the Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act, and the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA).
Mr. Carr is experienced in local, state, federal, and international laws, regulations, initiatives, and programs promoting the development of renewable energy and infrastructure.
University of California, Berkeley: B.A., J.D., Ph.D.


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The government's decision to expand Heathrow Airport has been ruled 'unlawful' by the Court of Appeal, on climate change grounds. This decision may point to a new way to save Arundel's countryside from the current very damaging A27 bypass proposals.
Jenny Bates of Friends of the Earth said: 'The Court has specifically recognised how the climate crisis needs to be at the heart of major infrastructure decisions. It's time that the government catches up with this fact and stops pursuing its outdated climate-wrecking transport projects, such as major new roads and airport expansion at Heathrow or elsewhere, and instead gives us the clean transport network we need.'
This is cheering news right now, at the end of Highways England's latest 'review period' or public consultation, presenting new 'corrections' to their 2019 documents (you can respond until 11.59 on 1 March). That has been depressing because the process altogether has been no more than a confusing smoke screen for Highways England to carry on business as usual. The corrections, inadequate as they are, do not alter the fact that the scheme is hugely damaging to wildlife, communities and the climate.
If Highways England decide to adopt a damaging new Preferred Route such as Magenta, these errors – and their inadequate consultation process - may or may not add up to a possible legal challenge. But the new decision about Heathrow opens up a whole new possibility of legal action based on HE's disregard of the government's obligations about Climate Change.
Some examples of their still uncorrected errors:
- Woodland/environmental impact
The brochure (August 2019) prominently attributed too large a figure for woodland 'impact' to Cyan and Beige options, making them look twice as damaging as Magenta. The figures were under a heading 'environmental impact' and so fuelled the misconception that Cyan and Beige, the part-online routes, are more environmentally damaging than the offline options. Non-existent woodland was added to a map to justify the figures. This error is only partially corrected.
- Cultural heritage
The brochure errors over-emphasised the damage from the Crimson route and under-estimated the damage from Magenta. HE have added mention of listed buildings, but there is still no mention of the damage to villages of Tortington and Binsted.
Ecological data were not available for Grey or Magenta routes since 2017 surveys did not cover those routes. Wrong conclusions remain – e.g. that the Magenta route's 'operation' would have a 'neutral' effect on the Binsted Woods Local Wildlife Site.
- Noise wrongly assessed
The corrections reveal that 'noise related health impacts' were wrongly assessed in 2019 as 'not significant' for the Magenta and Grey routes through two villages - Tortington and Binsted.
- A27 wrongly described
The single carriageway section of the A27 was wrongly described as starting at Yapton Lane (B2132), instead of 2.4km to the east, in many places. This error favours Grey, Magenta and Amber routes, by making Crimson, Beige or Cyan seem impossible.


Foot kinematics during a bilateral heel rise test in participants with stage II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction
Study design: Experimental laboratory study using a cross-sectional design.
Objectives: To compare foot kinematics, using 3-dimensional tracking methods, during a bilateral heel rise between participants with posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) and participants with a normal medial longitudinal arch (MLA).
Background: The bilateral heel rise test is commonly used to assess patients with PTTD; however, information about foot kinematics during the test is lacking.
Methods: Forty-five individuals volunteered to participate, including 30 patients diagnosed with unilateral stage II PTTD (mean +/- SD age, 59.8 +/- 11.1 years; body mass index, 29.9 +/- 4.8 kg/m2) and 15 controls (mean +/- SD age, 56.5 +/- 7.7 years; body mass index, 30.6 +/- 3.6 kg/m2). Foot kinematic data were collected during a bilateral heel rise task from the calcaneus (hindfoot), first metatarsal, and hallux, using an Optotrak motion analysis system and Motion Monitor software. A 2-way mixed-effects analysis of variance model, with normalized heel height as a covariate, was used to test for significant differences between the normal MLA and PTTD groups.
Results: The patients in the PTTD group exhibited significantly greater ankle plantar flexion (mean difference between groups, 7.3 degrees ; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.1 degrees to 9.5 degrees ), greater first metatarsal dorsiflexion (mean difference between groups, 9.0 degrees ; 95% CI: 3.7 degrees to 14.4 degrees ), and less hallux dorsiflexion (mean difference, 6.7 degrees ; 95% CI: 1.7 degrees to 11.8 degrees ) compared to controls. At peak heel rise, hindfoot inversion was similar (P = .130) between the PTTD and control groups.
Conclusion: Except for hindfoot eversion/inversion, the differences in foot kinematics in participants with stage II PTTD, when compared to the control group, mainly occur as an offset, not an alteration in shape, of the kinematic patterns.
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Two years Post Doc Opportunity at the University of Liege
Research fields: Geophysics – Soil physics – Agrogeophysics
Keywords: Dynamic process imaging – electrical resistivity tomography – electromagnetic induction – monitoring – pedophysics
Career Stage: Post-doctoral researcher
Position length: two years
The project CHAR focuses on the responses of cropping systems to the variations of pedological and hydraulic soil properties induced by charcoal accumulation over more than 150 years.
The system is analogue to biochar (a carbon rich solid phase produced by pyrolysis) accumulation, a soil amendment whose long-term impacts on the soil-plant system are yet to be investigated.
The project targets multiple charcoal-enriched soil spots and their adjacent reference soils. As such, we will be able to study the long-term response of the soil-plant system to charcoal enrichment.
The project is a multidisciplinary research project bringing together remote sensing, soil chemistry, soil physics and geophysics in a team of 8 persons.
Scientific research interaction:
There will be strong collaboration between the various researchers in the project CHAR.
Objectives: To use geophysical methods such as ERT/IP and EMI to assess the spatio-temporal patterns of soil hydraulic properties and root water uptake and their relationship to charcoal enrichment (supervised by Profs. F. Nguyen and S. Garré).
A PhD degree in applied geophysics (near-surface, hydroor agro-geophysics), with a strong background (Ms) in geophysics, physics, soil, engineering, applied mathematics or related discipline.
A strong background in physics or geophysics, applied mathematics, and numerical methods together with field experience is an asset.
Interest in soil science and agriculture is a plus. The candidate is expected to have several publications as first author in peer-reviewed international journals.
At the time of selection, researchers must not have resided or carried out their main activity (work, studies, etc.) in Belgium for more than 24 months in the 3 years immediately prior to their recruitment.
Short stays, such as holidays, are not taken into account.
Working language: English
Interested candidates should send a CV, a motivation letter and the names and addresses of two referees before the end of February 2019 by e-mail to Frederic Nguyen (_EMAIL_).
Feel free to contact us (_EMAIL_ (Coordinator), _EMAIL_ (promoter), _EMAIL_ (promoter)) for specific questions prior to submitting your application.
Looking forward to receiving your application, Sarah Garré, Frédéric Nguyen, Bernard Tychon and Jean-Thomas Cornelis
For more information on the University, follow this link:


DEW: What is Dew | How Dew is Formed | What is Dewpoint | Where Does Dew Occur | What Prevents Formation of Dew |
Dew Formed on the Leaves.
What is Dew?
Dew is fresh, clean water droplets that form on the exposed surfaces close to the ground during morning or evening due to Condensation.
How Dew is Formed?
Dew Formed on the flower.
Under clear night sky and calm weather conditions, the exposed objects close to the ground such as grass, trees, spiderwebs, etc:- radiates heat faster into the atmosphere than it is replaced by other sources, as a result, these objects cool down. When the objects cool down than the air surrounding it also cools, this causes condensation that changes water vapor into liquid droplets. These all take place when temperature meets dewpoint and the dew is formed.
What is Dew Point?
The temperature at which Dew forms is called the Dew point.
Where Does Dew Occur?
Dew Formation on the spiderweb.
Dew is observed in the humid locations in the tropics as this region consists abundance of moisture and the temperature also remains above the freezing point of water. As a result, when the temperature reaches a Dew point in the presence of a sufficient amount of water vapor in the air, Dew is formed. In Arid regions, Dew rarely forms due to a lack of moisture availability.
What Prevents Formation of Dew?
Dew Formed on the Grass.
1) Strong winds: It mixes different layers of air, consisting of different amounts of water vapor. This reduces the atmosphere's ability to form Dew.
2) Cold weather: when the temperature of the region reaches frost point (0°C), Dew cannot forms as the water vapor gets converted into ice and frost is formed.
3) Absence of moisture in the air.
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text: Objective: Testicular torsion is the twisting of the spermatic cord which cuts off the blood supply to the testicle. The main pathophysiology of testicular torsion is ischemia-reperfusion injury caused by the twisted spermatic cord and its release. Reperfusion component typically involves the generation of the reactive oxygen species with the return of blood flow after the ischemia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of dopamine a vasodilator and vitamin C an antioxidant on ischemia reperfusion injury due to testicular torsion-detorsion (T/D). Materials and Methods: Thirty adult male NMRI rats were divided randomly into six groups each containing 5 rats. Testicular ischemia was achieved by twisting the left testis 720° clockwise for 4 hour and then reperfusion by detorsion. Group 1 was for the basal values. Group 2 was designed as sham-operated without any T/D. Group 3 had only T/D. Group 4 received vitamin C (100 mg/kg i.p) just after detorsion. Group 5 received dopamine (0.01 mg/kg i.p) after 4 hours T/D and group 6 received combination of vitamin C and dopamine. The animals in each group underwent orchiectomy 48 hours after detorsion and the testicular tissues were fixed in 10% formaldehyde for histopathological examinations. Results: In groups 1 and 2 microscopic features were normal. In group 3 all of the seminiferous tubules were damaged. In some tubules only the basement membrane was seen. Pyknosis of spermatocytes nuclei was prominent. Germ cells and sertoli cells were decreased and underwent degeneration and necrosis. Interestingly in group 4 only a few degenerative changes (6.8%) were observed in tubules. In group 5 approximately 90% of tubules were underwent fully or partial degeneration and in group 6 only few normal tubules were found (2.2%). Conclusion: Vitamin C administration exerts a beneficial effect on testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury but not dopamine or even dopamine and vitamin C combination.


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One in five Canadians over the age of 15 live with a disability and this number is expected to grow as our population ages. Additionally, nearly one in 20 children under 15 live with a disability. The built environment has become increasingly accessible over the past few decades. However, a critical component of accessibility is egressibility, which is the need for individuals with disabilities to be evacuated in an emergency. Despite its importance, this need has received little attention. Currently, individuals with disabilities are far more likely to be injured or killed in emergency situations compared to others. It is important to note that these risks extend far beyond those with disabilities to include family members, friends, co-workers, caregivers, or others who may find themselves accompanying someone with a disability, as well as individuals who are pregnant, or those with small children who may not be able to carry them downstairs.
The objective of this project is to provide a set of resources that can be used to revise existing egressibility guidelines, to create new standards, and to highlight gaps where future work is needed to improve egressibility of the built environment.
The report below provides a collection of resources that can be used to help provide an equal level of life safety for all. These resources were developed following a scoping review of the literature from 2002-2021 that describes solutions for evacuating individuals with disabilities from the built environment.
This report includes the following resources:
An Egressibility Matrix, which is a table containing evaluations of existing evacuation solutions for different combinations of possible impairments an individual may have and building types found in our built environment
Descriptions of the evacuation solutions shown in the Matrix
Possible design and/or implementation considerations for each solution as well as other strategies and training methods that may be helpful for preparing for potential evacuations
Suggestions for future work are provided where appropriate evacuation solutions were not found or where promising novel solutions have been developed and need further evaluation
An Egressibility Assessment Tool, which can be used to assign an egressibility score to buildings in the built environment
A list of stakeholders who contributed to this work
We believe these resources will help inform the development of new standards for emergency evacuations for individuals with disabilities.


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FISHERMEN across Dorset have been urged to be vigilant, following a number of reports of wild salmon exhibiting red skin disease in the UK.
The disease, which manifests as a rash on wild Atlantic salmon and sea trout, causes bleeding and sores on the belly and near the mouth of the fish.
This can lead to fungal infection and eventual death.
While there is no evidence that eating contaminated fish can harm humans, if left unchecked, this unusual condition has the ability to impact wild stocks, which are already in decline.
The red skin disease was first reported in rivers flowing into the Baltic Sea and the North Atlantic around 2018 and has since been seen in parts of the UK.
The cause of RSD is currently unknown.
Poole Police have posted a wildlife update on their Facebook page asking Dorset fishermen to help by recording any suspected cases they may come across.
Meanwhile, a spokesperson for the Environment Agency said: "We have not reported any deaths associated with ventral hemorrhage in wild salmonids in England, but we have received reports of 'a small number of fish caught by anglers showing changes consistent with red skin disease.
âOur staff who operate salmon traps as part of our national index monitoring program have also observed a small number of cases.
"We ask fishermen to be vigilant but not to remove or handle fish in distress.
"The same goes for anglers to take carefully pictures of fish with unusual markings if it is possible in complete safety, to practice good biosecurity and to respect our advice on disinfection or to" clean, check, dry " equipment after fishing and before moving to other waters. "
To report dead or dying fish, contact the incident hotline on 0800 80 70 60.


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Sunday, May 20, 2012
Greetings from Prince William Forest Park: Charles Papacostas Week 1
I am very excited to have another summer to spend here, as last year was so much fun. For my first week at Prince William, I helped Ranger Mike Allen on a continuing project to reduce harzardous fuels in the park. Mike and I drove out to different sections along Burma Road and spent the days clearing potential fuels lying within 1 chain (66 feet) off the road. In the event of a fire, if there are few fuels close to the road, this can possibly prevent or slow the fire from spreading. As always, safety is the central priority when doing anything and it certainly could not be more important when felling and bucking trees. Teamwork is also extremely important in clearing these areas of hazardous fuels, as we both depend on each other to maintain safety. Mike primarily served as the sawyer, or the cutter, I was the swamper, looking out for any possible dangers that might arise from any angle, and clear sticks and tree limbs that he cut and could become hazards. One of the most important lessons I took away from this week was the concept of the 360 degree assessment. In any situation whether in law enforcement, fighting fires, or bucking and felling trees this is essential to do at all times. Once we set out to clear fuels, I really became aware of the dangers not only in front of us, but mainly from above. Widowmakers, seemed to be all over and can fall off trees at any given time, and can present a great danger for anyone. Mike taught me about the different parts of the chain saw and how to properly handle and cut with it, and I got to buck a few dead trees. I was happy to get that opportunity since I do not have much experience using chain saws. Over the course of the summer I will continue to help Mike with the hazardous fuel reduction project, and I am greatly looking forward to aiding in this task and the summer ahead at Prince William Forest Park.


z; zero flux shown if Heat Flux Distribution at Interior NodesI q"m: q"'l : k r deltax * (TO - T2} r2 q"2 = kt deltax ' (T1 - T3) r2 q"9 = m deilax ' (TEl - T10) r2 iii Heat flux at boundary x: L, q"1l'l q"xL x h ' (T10 A Tinf) it! Assigned Variables: deitax = 0.005 it Spatial increment rn k : 15 ii" thermal conductivity, WimiK alpha a 159-63 if Thermal diffusivity. meals cp : 1000 ii" Specific heat, Jr'kgK: arbitrary value alpha 2 k t (rho ' cp) if Detintion from which rho is calculated qdot z t] if Volumetric heat generation rate. Wimr'ﬂ Ti = 25 if Initial temperature. C: used also tor plotting initial distribution Tint 2 50 if Fluid temperature, K h = 75 if Convection COEﬁiClen'L wrmAETK it! Solver Conditions: integrated tirom [i to 1200 with 'l 3 step, log every 2nd value ...
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Only three per cent of Great British adults feel that a low overall cost of construction should be the most important measure of success of major infrastructure projects, a new report says.
The report, published today by the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE), looks at how the built environment sector can reduce the gap between cost estimates and outturns for major infrastructure projects.
A survey of the public also found that nearly three quarters (74%) of adults agree that politicians should talk to the public more about the benefits major infrastructure projects bring, rather than the costs.
ICE's investigation into infrastructure forecasting shows, globally, it is incredibly difficult to forecast time and cost for major projects due to there being many unforeseen issues that can arise during delivery. Despite these uncertainties, the ultimate measure of success continues to be initial cost forecasts.
The Institution recommends that the success measures for projects should shift from an over-focus on costs towards whole-life benefit. The survey data illustrates support from the general public for such a move.
Miles Ashley, Chair of the report's Steering Group, said:
"Infrastructure is a vital part of society, with major assets helping to stimulate economic growth, improve health and well-being of the population and protect communities from the effects of extreme weather and climate change.
"We cannot continue to dismiss from the conversation these important benefits. Industry and government need to work smarter, find ways to reduce the disparity between forecasts and outturns, but also to change the narrative and ensure the wider public, the end users, are also aware of the whole-life benefits these incredible infrastructure projects are bringing to them."
ICE asked adults across Great Britain what they considered most important in deciding the success of major infrastructure projects:
- 3% said for overall cost of construction to be low;
- 17% said for the project to strengthen economic growth in the long-term;
- 27% said for the infrastructure to be reliable and cost-effective in the long-term;
- 30% said for the project to regenerate communities.
The Institution's report, Reducing the gap between cost estimates and outturns for major infrastructure projects and programmes, makes four recommendations:
- Infrastructure owners should complete scope, design and exploration before commencement of work is allowed, to avoid scope creep or retroactive changes, taking steps to include contractors in design at an early stage.
- The Government and infrastructure owners must move away from capital cost as the most important metric when assessing project benefits, recognising the importance of whole-life economic, social and environmental value.
- Principles set out in the Outsourcing Playbook should be mandatory for Government infrastructure owners, this includes infrastructure owners undertaking should-cost modelling to help inform their expectations and knowledge of appropriate tender prices during the procurement process.
- It should be mandatory for all public infrastructure owners undertaking procurement to award contracts based on a cost estimate range, using a should-cost estimate as a reference point, with an amount of contingency allocated appropriate to the level of project maturity.
The report recognises the impact that relying on early estimates, created before full scope and complexity is known, can have on the final cost versus outturn conversation. To minimise the disparity between early and final costs, ICE recommends industry adopt the principles set out in the government's Outsourcing Playbook. It further discusses the way asset owners can use should-cost estimations to obtain fairer and more accurate tenders.
The report also suggests how the Infrastructure Client Group's Project 13 approach can help the sector move away from transactional arrangements towards an enterprise model.
The survey was conducted by YouGov with a total sample size of 2075 GB adults. The figures have been weighted and are representative of all GB adults (aged 18+). Fieldwork was undertaken between 12th - 15th April 2019. The survey was carried out online.
Full questions and responses:
For the following question, by 'major infrastructure projects', we mean large scale building projects which tend to require a significant amount of time and money throughout their building process (e.g. bridges, tunnels, airports etc.).
From the following, which ONE, if any, of the following do you think is the MOST important when it comes to deciding the success of a major infrastructure project in the UK? (Please select the option that best applies)
- That the projects regenerates communities (e.g. benefits those within the community, helps to ensure adequate services are available etc.) - 30%
- That the infrastructure is reliable and cost-effective to maintain in the long-term – 27%
- The project strengthens economic growth in the long-term – 17%
- That the project creates jobs (i.e. for manual labourers, engineers, architects etc.) – 8%
- That the overall cost of constructing the project is low – 3%
- The project raises the profile of the UK internationally – 2%
- Don't know – 13%
Thinking specifically about the construction process of major infrastructure projects (e.g. bridges, tunnels, airports etc.) ... To what extent do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements?
Politicians should talk to the public more about the benefits of major infrastructure projects (e.g. job creation, improved living standards etc.) rather than the costs: (Please select the option that best applies)
- Agree – 74%
- Neither agree nor disagree - 16%
- Disagree – 5%
- Don't know – 5%