Compound queriesedit
Compound queries wrap other compound or leaf queries, either to combine their results and scores, to change their behaviour, or to switch from query to filter context.
The queries in this group are:
constant_score query
A query which wraps another query, but executes it in filter context. All matching documents are given the same "constant" _score.
bool query
The default query for combining multiple leaf or compound query clauses, as must, should, must_not, or filter clauses. The must and should clauses have their scores combined — the more matching clauses, the better — while the must_not and filter clauses are executed in filter context.
dis_max query
A query which accepts multiple queries, and returns any documents which match any of the query clauses. While the bool query combines the scores from all matching queries, the dis_max query uses the score of the single best- matching query clause.
function_score query
Modify the scores returned by the main query with functions to take into account factors like popularity, recency, distance, or custom algorithms implemented with scripting.
boosting query
Return documents which match a positive query, but reduce the score of documents which also match a negative query.
Constant Score Queryedit
See Constant Score Query
constantScoreQuery(
 termQuery("name","kimchy"))
 .boost(2.0f);
your query
query score
Bool Queryedit
See Bool Query
boolQuery()
 .must(termQuery("content", "test1"))
 .must(termQuery("content", "test4"))
 .mustNot(termQuery("content", "test2"))
 .should(termQuery("content", "test3"))
 .filter(termQuery("content", "test5"));
must query
must not query
should query
a query that must appear in the matching documents but doesn't contribute to scoring.
Dis Max Queryedit
See Dis Max Query
disMaxQuery()
 .add(termQuery("name", "kimchy"))
 .add(termQuery("name", "elasticsearch"))
 .boost(1.2f)
 .tieBreaker(0.7f);
add your queries
add your queries
boost factor
tie breaker
Function Score Queryedit
See Function Score Query.
To use ScoreFunctionBuilders just import them in your class:
import static org.elasticsearch.index.query.functionscore.ScoreFunctionBuilders.*;
FilterFunctionBuilder[] functions = {
 new FunctionScoreQueryBuilder.FilterFunctionBuilder(
 matchQuery("name", "kimchy"),
 randomFunction()),
 new FunctionScoreQueryBuilder.FilterFunctionBuilder(
 exponentialDecayFunction("age", 0L, 1L))
};
functionScoreQuery(functions);
Add a first function based on a query
And randomize the score based on a given seed
Add another function based on the age field
Boosting Queryedit
See Boosting Query
boostingQuery(
 termQuery("name","kimchy"),
 termQuery("name","dadoonet"))
 .negativeBoost(0.2f);
query that will promote documents
query that will demote documents
negative boost


text:
I define sustainable history as a durable progressive trajectory in which the quality of life on this planet or other planets is premised on the guarantee of human dignity for all at all times and under all circumstances.
Many of the great achievements in history that are commonly attributed to one geo-cultural domain often owe a great debt to those of others. In this sense, some of the greatest achievements of human civilisation have been collective efforts and are part of the same human story.
What makes our existence meaningful is highly subjective and ultimately determined by sustainable neurochemical gratification.
The history of human civilisation is a history of mutual borrowings.
There is only one collective human civilisation comprised of geo-cultural domains and cultures.
A set of global values in keeping with human nature and dignity need to be identified and developed
Human beings are "emotional amoral egoists", driven above all by emotional self-interest. All of our thoughts, beliefs and motivations are neurochemically mediated, some predetermined for survival, others alterable.
In my opinion, a life governed by reason is likely to be more dignified than one shaped by dogma and unbridled emotions.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
A continuity of operations plan (COOP) helps certified community behavioral health clinics (CCBHCs) prepare for emergency or disaster events.
Emergencies and disasters can affect all aspects of CCBHC operations, including therapeutic services, continued supply of medications, building structure, and utilities. The stability of CCBHC consumers and the well-being and availability of staff can also be affected. The CCBHC criteria include specific requirements for developing a COOP.
The essential functions and personnel required for the maintenance of daily operations under normal, non-emergency conditions remain the essential requirements for operations under emergency and disaster conditions. For this reason, preparations must be made in advance of emergencies to ensure that the CCBHC maintains operational stability on behalf of its consumers when a disaster or emergency occurs. A COOP helps to prepare the CCBHC for emergency and disaster events.
Resources for Developing a COOP
The following resources can help CCBHCs gain a comprehensive understanding of the many components that need to be in place to ensure continued access to services after an emergency or disaster. These resources include plan templates and tools; potential community health care delivery sources and social services partners; and local, state, and federal partners that could provide uninterrupted services to the CCBHC's consumers.
- Continuity of Operations directives, templates, and guidance from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
- Disaster Mental Health: A Critical Response: A Training Curriculum for Mental Health and Spiritual Care Professionals in Healthcare Settings from the University of Rochester Medical Center – 2006 (PDF | 19 MB)
- Disaster Mental Health Services: A Guidebook for Clinicians and Administrators from the Homeland Security Digital Library – 1998
- Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters from the National Academies Press – 2015
- Hospital Continuity Resources from the California Hospital Association
- New Hampshire Disaster Behavioral Health Response Teams from the New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services
The SAMHSA Disaster Technical Assistance Center (DTAC) also helps local entities deliver an effective mental health and substance misuse response to disasters.
The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has developed criteria for CCBHC certification. Access the complete CCBHC certification criteria – 2016 (PDF | 789 KB).
The criteria include the following requirements related to developing a COOP:
Program Requirement: Availability and Accessibility of Services
2.a.8. CCBHCs have in place a continuity of operations/disaster plan.
Program Requirement: Staffing
1.c.1. Among other things, training must address the clinic's continuity plan, and that training occurs at orientation and thereafter at reasonable intervals as may be required by the state or accrediting agencies.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
How to choose a staple gun without making any mistakes
When you need to quickly seal the stack of paper, we used to do this is familiar to every stationery stapler.And with construction and repair work it is convenient to use more powerful brother - Construction staplers, otherwise, Thacker.He and carpet to the floor quickly attach and wiring will greatly facilitate and furniture will win.Each of these works has its own specificity, requiring the use of a particular type of instrument.Next, we'll show you how to choose the staple gun, the most suitable for specific tasks.
- The convenient staple gun and what is the principle of its work
- Determine the type stapler
- What a staple gun to choose depending on the type of tasks
- More aboutimpact force
- few important details
- Video: How to choose a stapler
The staple gun is useful and what is the principle of its work
main staple item for construction work - the mechanism of impact type.It was he who takes the entire lo
Thacker To bring in "combat readiness" cocking lever or move the special on a long position.This action allows the firing pin to escape, and then pull the bracket out of the pack and score it in the right place.When staples run out, they need to recharge, a charge in a specialty store on the same principle as that of the common office stapler.But model building tackers are more diverse than their clerical family.In particular, there are those where the brackets not only score, but also bent due to the presence of the response - "anvil."
staple gun mechanical device type.
Largely due to this design and unique concept staple gun has become widely used.It is time to highlight the positive qualities Thacker for construction works:
- If without Thacker, the old working with a hammer, it will take time to work a few times more.
- Due device staple gun at work one hand free.It is very convenient - for example, working at height, and standing on a ladder, you can stick to it.
- Strongly press on Thacker is no need.Standing on the same ladder, you better keep your balance than when using simple hand tools.
- Even laboring a few hours, you are not very tired, connecting parts and materials - after minimal physical effort needed.
- Even if nailed detail springs, the stapler, as opposed to a hammer, easy to cope with it.
- in awkward places where barely crawls hand, it is possible to work Thacker.
- precise and clear transfer blow saves the surface from damage.For example, it is very important when working with glass.The tool does not vibrate, so any scratches or cleavage appears.
- Since consumable items can be quite diverse (staples, nails, screws) and the enhanced functionality of the stapler.The advantage is the fact that corrosion does not take these consumables.
- Since moving parts in the device quite a bit, and then the break is nothing special.Therefore Thacker is long, and work with them as service is very simple.
- All items with sharp edges securely hidden under the body, so do not cut yourself and your fingers are not otobesh.And even electric staplers and fuses provided.
Determine the type stapler
There are three main types of these instruments:
- Stapler mechanical;
- electric stapler;
- pneumatic stapler.
Mechanical Tackers - inexpensive classics
Perhaps it is this type of Thacker more liked handyman.There are only three parts: the lever, the spring and the housing in which they are enclosed.Clutching his muscles force the lever we spring charging mechanism.Then, cracking, this spring scores staples or nails.
Looking for a similar tool, choose a model with a collapsible body, held together by screws, not rivets.So you can, if necessary, clean the stapler or eliminate minor problems.See and casing material - it should be strong enough.If it is made of steel is good, it can still be an additional coating (nickel, chrome, powder coating).Even better, when the housing is made of light alloy modern.
Now a few words should be said about the impact mechanism.If it works for ordinary helical spring (also called torsion), the force will have to make more, so will return and rather big.But in the more expensive professional tools manufacturers put a plate (spring) spring.Since it is easier to work, and the impact is not felt almost.
output of mechanical models can do the following: these cheap staples that everyone can afford, well suited for small amounts of homework.But professionals (Upholsters, for example) it is better to buy a different type of device.For quick mechanical Thacker will not work, but the hand is pretty tired from the long-term effort.So professionals wondering how to choose furniture stapler, you have to look in the direction of the electrical or pneumatic devices.
Stapler electric type - fast, safe but expensive
Such models have a significant advantage - to work with them very easily.Smooth press of the button activates the hammer mechanism and no muscular force is applied do not need to.Perhaps even a child or frail woman can easily cope with such a device, even if it has more power.And it will go much faster than using a mechanical tool.And the materials will be able to punch harder, and connect them more reliably and firmly than in the previous case.
Only one thing - from the electric network models present the power cord, which is sometimes restricts the use of the stapler.For example, the heater is placed on the roof, and the length of the wires is not enough.
However, out of this situation there is a way - a tool that runs on batteries.But it will make a weighty Thacker, and hands while working with him will be tired.By the way, any electric model (such as battery and network) heavy mechanical analogue.
But the biggest drawback of electric staplers at - it is their high price.Therefore, if the device you will need only from time to time, think about whether to spend so much money on it.For every year that a stick, it will fit and a cheap mechanical model.And vice versa - if wielding this tool, you earn, then definitely get accustomed to devices equipped with an electric motor.
Stapler on pneumatics - more for stationary use
works similar tool to force air under pressure.It performs its task it just like lightning: time - and staples, even the longest, has firmly blocked.But it weighs less than an electrical analog.It would seem - what more could you want.However, there is a catch: have with a stapler and a compressor has to buy, heavy and dimensional.And the extra money will have to pay for it, and transfer it hard enough.So it is better to buy the option for permanent work.
Choice staple gun of this type is justified in terms of production.For example, a furniture factory, where the workers are equipped with permanent seats, no compressor nor the Tackers carry anywhere is not necessary.All operations are carried out in the same place, and pneumatic allows you to do everything quickly, and staples hammered hard.
What a staple gun to choose depending on the type of tasks
Great for home repair.He has a mechanical hammer mechanism, triggered by pressing the lever.Long working with him difficult - hand gets tired.Fasteners - nails or staples flat type.
need to be mounted on walls, furniture or baseboards electrical wires with a diameter of 4.5 to 7.5 millimeters.Voltage is allowed no more than 50 volts.While installing communications equipment and paving of local area networks, usually used in such a device.
Otherwise, stapler hammer is useful where the first place is the speed of work.For example, when the roofing is placed on the roof or insulated subfloor.There staples hammered at each stroke of the hammer punched material.Their consolidation is due to inertia.However, at such precision Thacker much lower than that of the previous two types.But for insulation or roofing is not so important, but speed - an important factor.
need to work with corrugated cardboard box.Staples fasten cardboard more reliable than tape, perfectly serving his replacement.This tool comes in two types: mechanical or pneumatic.
Does not work with the usual staples, and pins with metal.These are thin nails, the length of which depends on the type Thacker.For example, a mechanical device can score the pin is no longer than 1.5 centimeters, electric - up to 2.5 centimeters, air - up to 5 centimeters.
Stapler staples corner
This stapler has the shape of the letter «V», is used when you need to hold together the two parts at a certain angle.For example, it may be a frame for a photo or a baguette for a picture.
Read more about the power stroke
Often it is the defining characteristic of this when you need to determine what the best staple gun.Generally speaking, it is the small force of impact from mechanical models, followed by the electrical and the most powerful - those who work on the pneumatics.However, in addition, in each category are devices which operate more or less efficiently.We will try to solve this.
easiest way to calculate the force of impact on the greatest length of the bracket, which can clog the stapler.Typically, this feature is specified in its data sheet.They write, for example, as the length of the bracket 4 to 14 millimeters.We should be interested in the maximum value - that it determines the impact force Thacker.Suppose that we are in front of the two models in which the length of the first bracket ranges from 4 to 10 millimeters, and at the second - from 4 to 14 millimeters.Of course, better to take a second model


text:
The Dallas World Aquarium
1801 N. Griffin St., Dallas
Hours: 9am–5pm daily
Admission: $20.95 adults; $12.95 children ages 3–12; free for children ages 2 and younger.
Parking: Nearby parking is available for $5–7.
Nestled inside the urban jungle of Dallas' West End district is a jungle of another kind –one that's been painstakingly built to simulate Venezuela's Orinoco River system, tropical rainforests, and marine and plant life from all over the world.
The Dallas World Aquarium was first converted from a vacant warehouse into an aquarium in 1992 and built upward over the years. Arguably the coolest attraction is the Mundo Maya exhibit's 400,000-gallon shark tank formed like a cenote, a deep natural well that the Mayans believed to be sacred and used for human sacrifices. But no danger here. Walk through the shark tunnel underneath, lit with natural light, and sit safely on the stone benches to watch as the brown sharks, bonnetheads and eagle rays glide overhead. At feeding time watch aquarium staff toss food into the tank for the sharks, and check out more feedings and animal talks throughout the building each half-hour starting at 10:30am. Divers will slip into the pool – teeming with Arrau turtles and arapaimas, one of the world's largest freshwater fish – to hand-feed the aquarium's two manatees, an endangered species. On Saturdays at 11:30am, watch from the bamboo footbridge as the two Orinoco crocodiles below are fed chunks of chicken. (No divers or hand-feeding for them!)
And don't let the name – Dallas World Aquarium – fool you. There's more than aquatic life. Free-flying in the rainforest canopy are more bird species than you could see in one trip, including red-capped manakins, famous for their mating-season "moonwalk," and the barred owls whose hoots ask, "Who cooks for you?" Grab a blueberry from the attendant to feed the toucanets and aracaris and slide your hand through a glass opening. Their long beaks will pluck the fruit from your open palm before you can say, "You're welcome."
Kids will get a kick out of the giant anteaters, giant river otters, pygmy marmosets – which the DWA says is the smallest monkey in the world – two- and three-toed sloths, and animals of every shape, size and color in between. Have your kids search for the conehead lizard, the leaf-tailed gecko or the other animals camouflaged in the vegetation. We're sure they won't mind. They feel right at home.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Solid - Re-decentralizing the web (project directory)
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README.md
Solid
Solid Logo
Re-decentralizing the web
Solid (derived from "social linked data") is a proposed set of conventions and tools for building decentralized Web applications based on Linked Data principles. Solid is modular and extensible. It relies as much as possible on existing W3C standards and protocols.
Table of Contents
 1. About Solid
 2. Standards Used
 3. Platform Notes
 4. Project directory
 5. Contributing to Solid
About Solid
Specifically, Solid is:
 - A tech stack -- a set of complementary standards and data formats/vocabularies that together provide capabilities that are currently available only through centralized social media services (think Facebook/Twitter/LinkedIn/many others), such as identity, authentication and login, authorization and permission lists, contact management, messaging and notifications, feed aggregation and subscription, comments and discussions, and more.
 - A Specifications document that describes a REST API that extends those existing standards, contains design notes on the individual components used, and is intended as a guide for developers who plan to build servers or applications.
 - A set of servers that implement this specification.
 - A test suite for testing and validating Solid implementations.
 - An ecosystem of social apps, identity providers and helper libraries (such as solid.js) that run on the Solid platform.
 - A community providing documentation, discussion (see the solid gitter channel), tutorials and talks/presentations.
Standards Used
The Solid platform uses the following standards.
Solid Platform Notes
Solid applications are somewhat like multi-user applications where instances talk to each other through a shared filesystem, and the Web is that filesystem.
 1. The LDP specification defines a set of rules for HTTP operations on Web resources, some based on RDF, to provide an architecture for reading and writing Linked Data on the Web. The most important feature of LDP is that it provides us with a standard way of RESTfully writing resources (documents) on the Web, without having to rely on less flexible conventions (APIs) based around sending form-encoded data using POST. For more insight into LDP, take a look at the examples in the LDP Primer document.
 2. Solid's basic protocol is REST, as refined by LDP with minor extensions. New items are created in a container (which could be called a collection or directory) by sending them to the container URL with an HTTP POST or issuing an HTTP PUT within its URL space. Items are updated with HTTP PUT or HTTP PATCH. Items are removed with HTTP DELETE. Items are found using HTTP GET and following links. A GET on the container returns an enumeration of the items in the container.
 3. Servers are application-agnostic, so that new applications can be developed without needing to modify servers. For example, even though the LDP 1.0 specs contains nothing specific to "social", many of the W3C Social Work Group's User Stories can be implemented using only application logic, with no need to change code on the server. The design ideal is to keep a small standard data management core and extend it as necessary to support increasingly powerful classes of applications.
 4. The data model is RDF. This means the data can be transmitted in various syntaxes like Turtle, JSON-LD (JSON with a "context"), or RDFa (HTML attributes). RDF is REST-friendly, using URLs everywhere, and it provides decentralized extensibility, so that a set of applications can cooperate in sharing a new kind of data without needing approval from any central authority.
Project directory
Contributing to Solid
Get a WebID
In order to try out some of the apps built using Solid, you will need typically an identity on some solid server. There are two forms of authentication we use, and so two types of account.
WebID-OIDC
This uses OpenID Connect to give you a WebID. It involves signing in with a password at your chosen identity provider, such as (2018/2) solid.community, or solidtest.space.
WebID_TLS
A WebID profile from one of the Solid-compliant identity providers, such as databox.me,
With WebID-TLS, you will need to make a WebID browser certificate from the above profile (this is usually created when you sign up for a WebID profile account, but it only works on Firefox at the moment (2018)).
Running a server
Additionally, to get started with developing for the Solid platform, you'll need:
 1. A Solid-compliant server
 2. While not required, an understanding of RDF/Turtle principles and Linked Data Platform concepts will help you understand the general workflow.
Solid Project Workflow
To contribute to Solid development, and to bring up issues or feature requests, please use the following workflow:
 1. Have a question or a feature request or a concern about the Solid framework, or on one of its servers? Open an issue on solid/solid (this repo here).
 2. Have an issue with the Solid spec specifically? Open an issue on solid/solid anyway. And then, as a result of discussion, if it's agreed that it is actually a Spec issue, it will be moved to solid-spec.
 3. The individual solid/solid issues can coordinate and track component/dependent issues on the various affected Solid servers, apps, and so on.
Places to chat
We use gitter.im. There is a general chat solid/chat as well as specific chats about specific products such as node-solid-server


AdSenseHeader
Bulk Loading Data into Cassandra Using SSTableLoader
Why Use SSTableLoader:
 When you want to move the data from any database to Cassandra database the best option is SSTableloader in Cassandra. By using this we can transfer the data very fast.
Steps to loading the data into Cassandra:
 - Create Keyspace in the Casssandra.
 - Create table based on your requirement using CQLSH.
 - Create a .csv file from the existing data
 - Then use SSTableloader move the data into Cassandra.
 Step1: Creating Keyspace
 CREATE KEYSPACE sample WITH REPLICATION = {'class' : 'SimpleStrategy', 'replication_factor' : 1 };
Step 2: Creating table based on your requirement .
 CREATE TABLE sample.users (
 key uuid,
 firstname ascii,
 lastname ascii,
 password ascii,
 age ascii,
 email ascii,
 PRIMARY KEY (key, firstname));

 In the above i am creating table users .Primary keys are key and firstname.
Step 3:
Creating the .csv based on your table.
How to create CSV file using Java:
Sample program to create CsvFile:
import java.io.FileWriter;
public class CreateCsv {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 generateCsvFile("E:/csv/records.csv");
 }
 public static void generateCsvFile(String csvName) {
 try {
 FileWriter writer = new FileWriter(csvName);
 for (int i = 0; i < _PHONE_; i++) {

 writer.append(Integer.toString(i));
 writer.append(',');
 writer.append("26");
 writer.append('\n');

 }
 writer.flush();
 writer.close();
 System.out.println("Success");
 } catch (Exception e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
 }
 }
}
These are mandatory steps after the create project for sstableloader
· In the project to upload the all the jars of Cassandra. These jars all are available in lib folder and tools folder of Cassandra tar or zip file provided by the Datastax.
· And also upload the Cassandra.yaml file of conf folder in Cassandra tar or zip file of Datastax.
· And also upload the .csv file to the project.For example I put the sstable.csv in my project.
Step 4:
Creating the data for sstableloader using java program.
package com.cassandra.ramu;
import static org.apache.cassandra.utils.ByteBufferUtil.bytes;
import static org.apache.cassandra.utils.UUIDGen.decompose;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.AbstractType;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.AsciiType;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.CompositeType;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.CompositeType.Builder;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.UUIDType;
import org.apache.cassandra.dht.Murmur3Partitioner;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.sstable.SSTableSimpleUnsortedWriter;
public class SStableBuilder {
 static String csvfilename = "sstable.csv";
 public static void main(String[] args) {

 try {
 buildSStables();
 } catch (Exception e) {
 // TODO Auto-generated catch block
 e.printStackTrace();
 }
 }

 public static void buildSStables() throws Exception {
 String keyspace = "sample";
 String table = "users";
 File directory = new File(keyspace + "/" + table);

 if (!directory.exists()) {
 directory.mkdirs();
 }
 List<AbstractType<?>> compositeColumnValues = new ArrayList<AbstractType<?>>();
 compositeColumnValues.add(AsciiType.instance);
 compositeColumnValues.add(AsciiType.instance);
 CompositeType compositeColumn = CompositeType.getInstance(compositeColumnValues);
 SSTableSimpleUnsortedWriter bulkWriter = new SSTableSimpleUnsortedWriter(
 directory, new Murmur3Partitioner(), keyspace, table,
 compositeColumn, null, 64);
 // Create a single timestamp for each insert
 long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis() * 1000;
 BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(csvfilename));
 String line;
 int lineNumber = 1;
 CsvEntry entry = new CsvEntry();
 while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
 if (entry.parse(line, lineNumber)) {
 ByteBuffer uuid = ByteBuffer.wrap(decompose(entry.key));
 bulkWriter.newRow(uuid);

 Builder builder = compositeColumn.builder();
 builder.add(bytes(entry.firstname));
 builder.add(bytes("firstname"));
 bulkWriter.addColumn(builder.build(), bytes(entry.firstname), timestamp);

 builder = compositeColumn.builder();
 builder.add(bytes(entry.firstname));
 builder.add(bytes("lastname"));
 bulkWriter.addColumn(builder.build(), bytes(entry.lastname), timestamp);

 builder = compositeColumn.builder();
 builder.add(bytes(entry.firstname));
 builder.add(bytes("password"));
 bulkWriter.addColumn(builder.build(), bytes(entry.password), timestamp);

 builder = compositeColumn.builder();
 builder.add(bytes(entry.firstname));
 builder.add(bytes("age"));
 bulkWriter.addColumn(builder.build(), bytes(String.valueOf(entry.age)), timestamp);

 builder = compositeColumn.builder();
 builder.add(bytes(entry.firstname));
 builder.add(bytes("email"));
 bulkWriter.addColumn(builder.build(), bytes(entry.email), timestamp);

 }
 lineNumber++;
 }
 reader.close();
 System.out.println("Success");
 bulkWriter.close();
 System.exit(0);
 }
 static class CsvEntry {
 UUID key;
 String firstname;
 String lastname;
 String password;
 long age;
 String email;
 boolean parse(String line, int lineNumber) {
 // Ghetto csv parsing
 String[] columns = line.split(",");
 if (columns.length != 6) {
 System.out.println(String.format(
 "Invalid input '%s' at line %d of %s", line,
 lineNumber, csvfilename));
 return false;
 }
 try {
 key = UUID.fromString(columns[0].trim());
 firstname = columns[1].trim();
 lastname = columns[2].trim();
 password = columns[3].trim();
 age = Long.parseLong(columns[4].trim());
 email = columns[5].trim();
 return true;
 } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
 System.out.println(String.format(
 "Invalid number in input '%s' at line %d of %s", line,
 lineNumber, csvfilename));
 return false;
 }
 }
 }
}
In the above SStableBuilder java program create a data for loading the data into Cassandra.
Before run the SStableBuilder.java the project structure as fallows.
After run the sstableBuilder.java the project structure as fallows.
After run the sstableBuilder.java program created data in the above format.
Step 5:
 Run the SSTABLELOADER command from the cmd.
CMD:
 sstableloader -d 127.0.0.1 pathofaboveusers
 for example above workspace location in D drive .You can go to D drive then give the path upto users folder
for example
In the above I was declare in my Cassandra.yaml file put my IP.But If you declare cassandra.yaml file 127.0.0.1 you can put the 127.0.0.1.
Path is upto your folder where the data is created through sstablebuilder program


Better Air,
Better Outcomes
Why Aircuity?
90% of our time is spent indoors where the air often contains 4-10x the pollutants of outdoor air. The COGfx Studies* show that a green building can have a significant impact on occupants' productivity and cognitive performance. Optimizing ventilation is a good move for your health and helps drive your core business outcomes.
Aircuity reliably reduces energy use by 40-60% in labs and by 15-30% in other variable population buildings such as: office buildings, classrooms, libraries, casinos and arenas. Energy savings are further enhanced by Aircuity's exhaust fan and economizer applications. In many cases, Aircuity is the highest energy conservation measure.
Aircuity has a large impact on carbon in energy intensive buildings. It is also an enabling technology in net zero energy (NZE) buildings as every KW saved with Aircuity, saves 300x on the clean energy required! Aircuity is currently installed in over half a dozen NZE schools and a NZE lab!
Aircuity's COVID-19 Response - Healthy Building Design: LEARN MORE
Trusted by leading institutions around the globe to turn facilities into strategic assets


Simple Palate: The Junk Food Excuse
By Cielestia Calbay
A bag of Cheetos a day keeps the stress away.
Or so suggests a new study that found elevated levels of salt in the body lower stress hormones and raise levels of oxytocin, a hormone associated with love and other social relationships.
The research, which was published in the Journal of Neuroscience, was conducted on a group of rats and studied their response to a stressful situation.
The rats were tied down and their stress levels were measured depending on how much salt they had in their systems.
Researchers found that when restrained, rats with high salt level, also called hypernatremic, showed less activity in their brain's stress systems compared to the rats with normal salt levels.
Additionally, the hypernatremic rats had elevated levels of oxytocin – an element associated with social feelings such as love and is also known for its role in forming bonds between individuals.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento:
|Titolo:||Kinetic model for astaxanthin aggregation in water-methanol mixtures|
|Autori interni:||GIOVANNETTI, Rita|
|Data di pubblicazione:||2009|
|Rivista:||SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY|
|Abstract:||The aggregation of astaxanthin in hydrated methanol was kinetically studied in the temperature range from 10 ◦C to 50◦C, at different astaxanthin concentrations and solvent composition. A kinetic model for the formation and transformation of astaxanthin aggregated has been proposed. Spectrophotometric studies showed that monomeric astaxanthin decayed to H-aggregates that after-wards formed J-aggregates when water content was 50% and the temperature lower than 20 ◦C; at higher temperatures, very stable J-aggregates were formed directly. Monomer formed very stable H-aggregates when the water content was greater than 60%; in these conditions H-aggregates decayed into J-aggregates only when the temperature was at least 50 ◦C. Through these findings it was possible to establish that the aggregation reactions took place through a two steps consecutive reaction with first order kinetic constants and that the values of these depended on the solvent composition and temperature.|
|Appare nelle tipologie:||Articolo|
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Yosemite National Park Announces the Public Comment Period for the Invasive Plant Management Plan Environmental Assessment
Invasive plants are one of the greatest threats to the integrity of National Park Service lands. Non-native plants invade an estimated 4,600 acres of federal land in the United States every day, and already infest millions of acres in the national parks. Fortunately, Yosemite National Park is at the early stages of invasion, with less than 1% of the landmass within the Park contaminated with invasive plants. Unfortunately, 177 non-native plant taxa have already established within Park borders, many with the potential to spread rapidly.
The purpose of this Invasive Plant Management Plan Environmental Assessment for Yosemite National Park is to evaluate a range of alternatives to prevent the establishment and spread of invasive plants into uninfested areas of the park, and quickly and effectively eradicate new infestations.
The public comment period for the Invasive Plant Management Plan Environmental Assessment will open on Friday, June 13, 2008 and will run through Sunday, July 13, 2008. The plan is available on the park's website at _URL_ A public meeting will take place on Wednesday, June 25, 2008 from 1:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. during the monthly Open House in the Yosemite Valley Visitor Center Auditorium. Additionally, park representatives will be available at the El Portal Planning Advisory Meeting on Tuesday, July 8, 2008 at 7pm in the Clark Community Hall.
Written scoping comments should be postmarked no later than July 13, 2008. Comments can be submitted at public meetings, by mail, fax, email, and through the Planning, Environment, and Public Comment (PEPC) commenting system. To request a hard copy or CD ROM version of the EA and to submit written comments:
Mail: Superintendent, Yosemite National Park
For more information on park planning efforts, visit the website at _URL_
Did You Know?
In Yosemite Valley, dropping over 594-foot Nevada Fall and then 317-foot Vernal Fall, the Merced River creates what is known as the "Giant Staircase." Such exemplary stair-step river morphology is characterized by a large variability in river movement and flow, from quiet pools to the dramatic drops of the waterfalls themselves.


Your router is an essential piece of kit for getting online but it is possible that you may not be getting the most from it. While almost all routers have some form of web interface that can be used to access settings such as port forwarding, traffic logging and more, few are intuitive to use and many have options hidden in places that are not immediately obvious. Router Commander is a free tool that can be used to take control of your router and boost performance
You will need to ensure that Telnet or SSH access is available on your router; this is not something that is supported by all models and you may need to check to see how to enable it. Once you have Router Commander up and running, it can be used in a number of ways. If your router places a limit on the number of connections that can be made to a particular server, or the number of maximum simultaneous connections, you may well have noticed that downloads can be slow. Router Commander enables you to increase this limit to help speed things up.
There are a number of built in profiles that can be loaded depending on the type of online activity you are to engage in. For example, you may want to ensure the best possible P2P performance, or avoid HTTP disconnections. If you do not want the hassle of forwarding ports every time you need to, this is something that Router Commander can help with, taking care of the port settings for you automatically.
Another key aspect of the program is the monitoring component which enables you to keep a close eye on how your connection is being used. This means that you are able to see which programs and services are using up bandwidth, but also to monitor for potential security issues. There is also a handy troubleshooting tool that can be used to overcome all manner of problems.
Verdict ratingsratingsratingsratingsratings
A great tool for more advanced users, helping you to get more from your router.


a formatted_body, the event's body should be considered after encoding any HTML special characters. Note that the href in both of the anchors use a matrix.to URI.
13.2.2.6.1.1.1 Stripping the fallback
Clients which support rich replies MUST strip the fallback from the event before rendering the event. This is because the text provided in the fallback cannot be trusted to be an accurate representation of the event. After removing the fallback, clients are recommended to represent the event referenced by m.in_reply_to similar to the fallback's representation, although clients do have creative freedom for their user interface. Clients should prefer the formatted_body over the body, just like with other m.room.message events.
To strip the fallback on the body, the client should iterate over each line of the string, removing any lines that start with the fallback prefix ("> ", including the space, without quotes) and stopping when a line is encountered without the prefix. This prefix is known as the "fallback prefix sequence".
To strip the fallback on the formatted_body, the client should remove the entirety of the mx-reply tag.
13.2.2.6.1.1.2 Fallback for m.text, m.notice, and unrecognised message types
Using the prefix sequence, the first line of the related event's body should be prefixed with the user's ID, followed by each line being prefixed with the fallback prefix sequence. For example:
> <@alice:example.org> This is the first line
> This is the second line
This is the reply
The formatted_body uses the template defined earlier in this section.
13.2.2.6.1.1.3 Fallback for m.emote
Similar to the fallback for m.text, each line gets prefixed with the fallback prefix sequence. However an asterisk should be inserted before the user's ID, like so:
> * <@alice:example.org> feels like today is going to be a great day
This is the reply
The formatted_body has a subtle difference for the template where the asterisk is also inserted ahead of the user's ID:
<mx-reply>

 <a href="_URL_ reply to
 * <a href="_URL_

</mx-reply>
This is where the reply goes.
13.2.2.6.1.1.4 Fallback for m.image, m.video, m.audio, and m.file
The related event's body would be a file name, which may not be very descriptive. The related event should additionally not have a format or formatted_body in the content - if the event does have a format and/or formatted_body, those fields should be ignored. Because the filename alone may not be descriptive, the related event's body should be considered to be "sent a file." such that the output looks similar to the following:
> <@alice:example.org> sent a file.
This is the reply
<mx-reply>

 <a href="_URL_ reply to
 <a href="_URL_

 sent a file.

</mx-reply>
This is where the reply goes.
For m.image, the text should be "sent an image.". For m.video, the text should be "sent a video.". For m.audio, the text should be "sent an audio file".
13.2.3 Server behaviour
Homeservers SHOULD reject m.room.message events which don't have a msgtype key, or which don't have a textual body key, with an HTTP status code of 400.
13.2.4 Security considerations
Messages sent using this module are not encrypted, although end to end encryption is in development (see E2E module).
Clients should sanitise all displayed keys for unsafe HTML to prevent Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks. This includes room names and topics.
13.3 Voice over IP
This module outlines how two users in a room can set up a Voice over IP (VoIP) call to each other. Voice and video calls are built upon the WebRTC 1.0 standard. Call signalling is achieved by sending message events to the room. In this version of the spec, only two-party communication is supported (e.g. between two peers, or between a peer and a multi-point conferencing unit). This means that clients MUST only send call events to rooms with exactly two participants.
13.3.1 Events
13.3.1.1 m.call.invite
Message Event
This event is sent by the caller when they wish to establish a call.
Content Key Type Description
call_id string Required. A unique identifier for the call.
offer Offer Required. The session description object
version integer Required. The version of the VoIP specification this message adheres to. This specification is version 0.
lifetime integer Required. The time in milliseconds that the invite is valid for. Once the invite age exceeds this value, clients should discard it. They should also no longer show the call as awaiting an answer in the UI.
Offer
Offer Key Type Description
type enum Required. The type of session description. Must be 'offer'.
sdp string Required. The SDP text of the session description.
Example:
{
 "content": {
 "call_id": "12345",
 "lifetime": 60000,
 "offer": {
 "sdp": "v=0\r\no=- 6584580628695956864 2 IN IP4 127.0.0.1[...]",
 "type": "offer"
 },
 "version": 0
 },
 "event_id": "$143273582443PhrSn:example.org",
 "origin_server_ts": 1432735824653,
 "room_id": "!jEsUZKDJdhlrceRyVU:example.org",
 "sender": "@example:example.org",
 "type": "m.call.invite",
 "unsigned": {
 "age": 1234
 }
}
13.3.1.2 m.call.candidates
Message Event
This event is sent by callers after sending an invite and by the callee after answering. Its purpose is to give the other party additional ICE candidates to try using to communicate.
Content Key Type Description
call_id string Required. The ID of the call this event relates to.
candidates [Candidate] Required. Array of objects describing the candidates.
version integer Required. The version of the VoIP specification this messages adheres to. This specification is version 0.
Candidate
Candidate Key Type Description
sdpMid string Required. The SDP media type this candidate is intended for.
sdpMLineIndex number Required. The index of the SDP 'm' line this candidate is intended for.
candidate string Required. The SDP 'a' line of the candidate.
Example:
{
 "content": {
 "call_id": "12345",
 "candidates": [
 {
 "candidate": "candidate:863018703 1 udp _PHONE_ 10.9.64.156 43670 typ host generation 0",
 "sdpMLineIndex": 0,
 "sdpMid": "audio"
 }
 ],
 "version": 0
 },
 "event_id": "$143273582443PhrSn:example.org",
 "origin_server_ts": 1432735824653,
 "room_id": "!jEsUZKDJdhlrceRyVU:example.org",
 "sender": "@example:example.org",
 "type": "m.call.candidates",
 "unsigned": {
 "age": 1234
 }
}
13.3.1.3 m.call.answer
Message Event
This event is sent by the callee when they wish to answer the call.
Content Key Type Description
call_id string Required. The ID of the call this event relates to.
answer Answer Required. The session description object
version number Required.
Answer
Answer Key Type Description
type enum Required. The type of session description. Must be 'answer'.
sdp string Required. The SDP text of the session description.
Example:
{
 "content": {
 "answer": {
 "sdp": "v=0\r\no=- 6584580628695956864 2 IN IP4 127.0.0.1[...]",
 "type": "answer"
 },
 "call_id": "12345",
 "lifetime": 60000,
 "version": 0
 },
 "event_id": "$143273582443PhrSn:example.org",
 "origin_server_ts": 1432735824653,
 "room_id": "!


text:
Fibreglass Mesh is an essential component of our render systems. As demonstrated in the video below, Fibreglass Mesh is a key component of what holds the system together – without it, you're seriously missing out on ensuring strength and stability.
Fibreglass Mesh is made of neatly woven fibreglass thread. This type of mesh is widely used in plastering and rendering for wall reinforcement, external wall insulation and roof waterproofing.
There are different grades of Fibreglass Mesh – at EWI Store, we offer our standard mesh or you can go for our high strength panzer mesh. Our alkali-resistant Fibreglass Mesh is commonly used for the purpose of external wall insulation, because the alkali protects it from being broken down by the chemicals in the other mortars and adhesive materials.
So why is Fibreglass Mesh so integral to a EWI and render systems? What exactly does it do, and where does it go?
Fibreglass Mesh and External Wall Insulation
Fibreglass Mesh sits within the basecoat layer of an EWI system. This is the layer of adhesive mortar that is applied on top of the insulation boards after they have been secured to the substrate; the mesh is embedded within this adhesive before it sets.
Fibreglass Mesh not only offers high strength and good cohesion, but it can also prevent cracking within the render – it also works to help hold the insulation boards together.
Why do we overlap Fibreglass Mesh?
During weather and temperature changes, the external walls of your home expand and contract minutely due to the heating and cooling processes. When installing a render system on a property, it's necessary to consider this wall movement in order to ensure that the system remains crack free.
Embedding Fibreglass Mesh within this layer enhances crack-resistance and overlapping the Fibreglass Mesh increases the flexibility of the whole system and ensures that cracks do not form where there are gaps between the mesh.
Watch the video below to see how we test the strength of our Silicone render system with and without mesh!


text:
In the scenery
Examples of tenter-banks are shown throughout this website. Good examples of banks on level ground are those supporting the tenters of Roads Mill near Wardle, Rochdale (below). Note how the slightly elevated bank is devoid of rushes, being dryer than the surrounding land. Some of the post-holes for the tenter supports are still present atop the banks. The remains of the mill are now under Watergrove Reservoir but the elevated tenter-fields survive on a plateau above.
Left - A tenter-bank near Roads Mill (fullers), Wardle. On the right is the 1850s 6-inch OS map showing the mill and associated tenter-fields. The red 'T' shows the approximate location of the photo, looking west.
There is a rationale for having tenter-banks on notable hill slopes: to provide level platforms around contours. What is the point of elevating the tenters a little distance in a level field? Rather like the use of props to elevate household washing into the breeze, even slight elevations can have benefits in increased wind-speed, particularly over rough ground like moorland. Very close to the uneven, vegetation-laden surface, the wind speed is very low. Another explanation could be the erosion in wet soft ground near upland mills from the foot-fall of tuckers in mounting and dismounting the cloth fom the tenters over many years. The bank would be the original ground level, above the eroded wet paths eithe side of the racks that would promote rushes in later years.
Reminders of the ubiquitous tenters in woollen cloth-making areas are the field-names of enclosures and other landscape features of tenter use. Amongst these are close, croft, garth, room, hey, hill, balk, field etc. (Ref. 1). Tenter Hill is relatively common place name, marked on Ordnance Survey maps to the present day (unlike field-names). There are a number of streets that include 'tenter' in their name. Nineteenth century tithe maps and apportionments do however, note field-names.
Tenter Hill in Slaidburn. Accounts from 1422-3 mention a fulling mill in the village, and a corn mill (possibly housed in one building with two functions). The mill was probably on Croasdale Brook, in the valley below the hill (right of image, within trees). Some locals say they have identified tenter-banks on the hill. I haven't.
A review of the tenter associated field-names in the Leeds Metropolitan District was undertaken. The 'Tracks in Time' website was employed to view tithe maps and apportionments (a facility now removed by the West Yorkshire Archive and replaced with the 'West Yorkshire Archive Service Tithe Maps' website, Ref. 2). The maps and apportionments were dated 1839-50 from 10 parishes in Leeds. There were 11 -garths, 40 -crofts, 42 -closes, and nine -hills. Of the 98 tenter names (some had multiple names e.g. Tenter Hill Close), 65 were now built over, 20 were still open pasture, nine partially built over, and three miscellaneous e.g. a golf course.
Left - 'Tenter Heys' field in Grindleton 1807 (formerly West Riding of Yorkshire) (Ref. 2b). Historically, there may have been a fulling mill on Grindleton Brook, near the quarried hollow and the footbridge (top left). 'Hey' as a field-name in this context denotes an enclosure. Right - View of the tenter-field with a probable tenter-bank, south facing (marked).
A few examples are shown here of historical vistas that included tenters. Samuel Buck (_PHONE_), and his brother Nathaniel, were renowned for engravings of historical buildings such as castles, monasteries and townscapes. They were Yorkshiremen. His engraving of Leeds in 1745 shows many seams of tenters at the Aire riverside, and also adjacent to housing and workshops.
Tenters in Samuel Buck's 'South East Prospect of Leeds', 1745.
In Leeds, antiquarian Ralph Thoresby's major work on the history of Leeds (Ducatus Leodiensis, 1715) includes a vista, 'The Prospect of Leeds from the Knostrop Road' by Francis Place. Many tenters (and some fences) are shown near St. John's church, founded by wool merchant John Harrison in the 1630s.
Detail from 'The Prospect of Leeds from the Knostrop Road' by Francis Place. The church is St John's.
Stroudwater in Gloucestershire was a notable centre for the production of cloth. Dyeing was its speciality as the wonderful colours on the tenters above the village testify.
'View of Wallbridge' c. 1785; artist unknown. Stroudwater Scarlet dyed cloth on tenters above the village. Lower image is a detail of the tenter-field. Courtesy and copyright Museum in the Park, Stroud.
Tenters in the mill yard at Stanley Mill, constructed in 1813 around a 'fireproof' iron frame. It was one of the largest mills in Gloucestershire.
Stanley Mill, Ryeford, Stroud, artist and date unknown. Courtesy and copyright Museum in the Park, Stroud.
Exeter was a prominent cloth-making city and Donn's map marks many tenter-hays.
Tenters in Exeter near to the River Exe and leat in 1765, associated with fulling mills. From a map surveyed by Benjamin Donn, 'A Map of the County of Devon, with the City and County of Exeter', Source - Ref. 16.
The industrial revolution had its initial impact on the countryside, taking advantage of the fast-flowing streams to drive water-wheels. This transformation divided commentators and travellers. Not all welcomed it. In 1838 on his travels to identify the remains of rural life, William Howitt bemoaned the tall chimneys of 'vast and innumerable factories' that had transformed the life of rural children from a simple idyll in nature to the 'capture and confinement of these little English savages in the night and day noise labour and foul atmosphere of the cotton purgatories' (Ref. 2a). To others, the labour in the countryside brought benefits - employment and pleasing vistas of new trade - in the juxtaposition of manufacture and countryside.
In the 1720s, Daniel Defoe published an account of his tours in Great Britain. On his journey over Blackstone Edge from Rochdale (Lancashire) to Halifax he noted features of the domestic woollen industry approaching Sowerby along the Ryburn valley and in the environs of Halifax (Ref. 3):
The sides of the hills, which were very steep every way, were spread with houses … the land being divided into small enclosures … every three or four pieces of Land had a house belonging to it … we could see that almost at every house there was a tenter, and almost on every tenter a piece of cloth … from which the sun glancing … shining (the white reflecting its rays) to us, I thought it was the most agreeable sight that I ever saw, for the hills … rising and falling so thick, and the valleys opening sometimes one way, sometimes another, so that sometimes we could see two or three miles this way, sometimes as far another … we could see through the glades almost every way round us, yet look which way we would, high to the tops, and low to the bottoms, it was all the same; innumerable houses and tenters, and a white piece upon every tenter.
The manufacture of woollen cloth in the West Riding in the early eighteenth century was undertaken largely by independent clothiers, the trade ranging in size from single families working at home to more entrepreneurial clothiers with a number of widely dispersed spinners and weavers in the countryside. The clothiers arranged the fulling and tentering of the piece, which was then sold in this 'balk' state in cloth halls and markets to merchants, who arranged the finishing. The enclosures were used to support a horse and undertake agricultural activities such as growing food, keeping pigs, hens etc.
Left - Clothiers taking their pieces to the cloth hall on their overloaded Galloways. Right - The 'coloured' cloth hall at Leeds (there was another cloth hall for white cloth). The hall opened one hour only on Tuesdays and Saturdays for the clothiers to display their wares on stalls for the merchants to peruse. From Walker G, 1814, The Costume of Yorkshire.
Defoe was not alone in his appreciation of the visual impact of tenters on valley sides. Thomas Carlyle in his account of the national character in the times of James I and Charles I wrote (Ref. 4):
Certainly the Cloth-manufacture does thrive. In Stroudwater and the Western valleys [Gloucestershire], white woollen webs … stretch openly on tenterhooks; a goodly spectacle, as you issue from the Cotswold Hills.
On a journey in 1769 between Keswick and Kendal, poet and travel writer Thomas Gray noted (Ref. 5):
I enter'd Kendal almost in the dark & could distinguish only a shadow of the Castle on the hill & tenter-grounds spread far and wide round the Town, which I mistook for houses.
A 1725 'tragi-comedy' written by 'a gentleman in Gloucestershire' extolled (Ref. 6):
At my entrance into your County, casting my Eyes from the Hills to behold your pleasant Vale, I view'd on my Right


text:
When arriving at Kathmandu airport the arrival form contains an interesting feature.
Along with the options of male and female under the category of gender, there is a third option: 'other'. The story of how this option came into being is linked to the personal story of the author of this Discussion Paper, and that of a Nepali non-governmental organization, the Blue Diamond Society.
Over recent decades, the inclusion of rights for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transsexual and intersex (LGBTI) groups in national constitutions has increasingly been seen as an indicator of the strength and consolidation of democracy. However, LGBTI advocates do not have sufficient access to resources providing guidance on how to engage with the constitution-building process or frame demands for equality of rights and recognition in constitutional texts.
Working mostly with leaders of advocacy campaigns themselves, International IDEA has developed detailed accounts of struggles for constitutional equality for sexual orientation minorities in Bolivia, Fiji, Grenada, Kenya, Ireland, Nepal and South Africa. Building on the experiences and knowledge, International IDEA will develop an advocacy guide for LGBTI advocates of constitutional change in other countries. In anticipation of the guide we are making available a selection of national case studies.
1. The country first, our rights second: joining the movement for democracy
2. The legal battle to establish our identity
3. Engagement with political parties in Nepal's first elections to the constituent assembly
4. Participation in Nepal's first constituent assembly, 2008–2012
5. Next steps: the second constituent assembly
Conclusion: advice to other activists
About the author


text:
2: Smoke Simulation!
Due: March 5th, 2010
Starter code: For MSVC 2005, For MSVC 2008
The purpose of this assignment is to experiment with incompressible
fluid simulation implemented with a Semi-Lagrangian approach.
You will implement a 3D Smoke simulator using the techniques described in the
- Class slides
- Fluid Simulation: SIGGRAPH 2007 Course Notes (Chpts 1-5) by
Bridson, Fedkiw, and Muller-Fischer
The startup code includes
an incomplete fluid animation system. Although rendering
and most of the necessary data structures have been written, this will
be a challenging assignment. You will need to implement the
- (60 points) Air,
smoke density and temperature simulation (MACGrid.h)
- (25 points) Implement a Semi-Lagrangian approach to solve
advection step for air velocity, smoke desnity, and temperature
- Implement MACGrid::advectVelocity():
GriddedData for U,V,W components of the velocity have already been
setup for you See member variables MACGrid::mU, MACGrid::mV,
- Implement MACGrid::advectTemperature(): GriddedData for
temperature has been setup for you. See member variable
- Implement MACGrid::advectDensity():
GriddedData for density has been setup for you. See member
variable MACGrid::mD. Additionally, values in mD will
automatically be rendered for you.
- Implement MACGrid::updateSources(): Initilialize a
smoke source, for example, have smoke come
up from the bottom of the container
- Implement buoyancy forces
- Look at MACGrid::addExternalForces()
- Implement MacGrid::computeBouyancy()
- (25 points) Solve the poisson equation for pressure
- Implement MACGridd::project(). Use the
function cg_solve() to solve a system of linear equations using the
conjugate gradient method described in class.
- (10 points) Add vorticity confinement forces
- (30 points) Boundary
conditions and solid objects
- Smoke should be contained within a closed box (e.g.
boundary conditions with the sides of the grid should be correct -- see
the Bridson notes for details)
- Implement a solid object within the grid (any shape).
- (Extra Credit
- Up to 20 points)
- Implement a preconditioner for the conjugate gradient
step. Document which preconditioner you used, plus the
speedup you got
- Add dynamic objects, for example, an object that the user
can move with the mouse
- Add mouse interaction forces
- Implement a better numerical scheme to avoid numerical
dissapation, for example, cubic interpolation such as the one described
in "Visual Simulation of Smoke" by Fedkiw, Stam, and Wann Jensen.
- Implement fluid viscosity. Compare and show the
results with and without viscosity.
- ZIP your.cpp,.mel,.h,.vcproj, and.sln files
and submit to
full credit, your application
must build without modifications for either msvc 2005 or 2008. Only complete submissions will be graded.
- Briefly write-up which questions you completed in
a file called
- If you used
any additional sources, you must include them in your writeup
- Include movies
showing off your work
you used — or looked at — any source code you found somewhere else or
which someone else wrote, even a single line, you SHOULD describe that
in the writeup. You
are not allowed to use any fluid simulation code available on the web!
Please talk to us before using any existing code for this assignment
except for the code provided by us.
Questions for you to answer (10 points)
This project was built and tested with GLUT,
Boost 1.37 and Boost 1.42,
and Devil 1.6.7 on MSVC 2005. GLUT and DevIL are included these with the source, but you will need to download Boost.
We use Boost's
UBLAS library for its very effecient matrix data
structures and operations (especially
for sparse matrices). DevIL is an image library used to
implement screen capture.
Built in features
- Simulation controls
- Play: Press '>'
or right click to start the simulation
- Pause: Press '='
or right click to pause the simulation
- Reset: Press '<'
or right click to reset the simulation
- Camera controls
- Rotate: Left click, drag to rotate.
- Zoom: Middle click, drag to zoom.
- Rendering options
- Velocity display: Press 'v' or right click to
drawing of velocity vectors.
- Render density as transparent, white cubes
- Render density as sheets with interpolation between
- Recording mode
- Press 'r'
or right click to toggle screen
capture. Every frame will be saved to the /output directory
which you can assemble into a movie file with tools such as Adobe
AfterEffects or VirtualDub.
Alternatively, you can use FRAPS to create
- Configurable grid size
- Edit the global dimensions 'theDim' defined in
- Gridded data: Gridded data is a low level data structure
for implementing any data stored in a grid. See GridData.h
- MAC Grid: MAC Grid implements a staggered
grid described in the Bridson fluid notes. X,Y,Z
components of the velocity are stored at each face. Other quanitites
such as density and temperature are stored in the cell centers.
- Start small! Carefully check your calculations with a tiny grid, say 2x2x1, in debug mode.
Then test in release mode with a larger grid.
- Release mode is much faster than debug mode
- Test your smoke with a 2D Grid, for example, set the grid dimensions to 10x10x1
- Don't forget you can visualize your velocities!
- If you find cg_solve does not converge, it's likely that your system of equations are not setup correctly.
- Make sure your A matrix is positive semi definite. You can check in matlab or write a function to test
your projection step: remember that the projection step ensures
that the resulting fluid is non-divergent. Therefore, after
calling project, computing the velocity divergenceof each cell should
be zero. If this is not the case, there's a problem.


Matt Hanes
Creating animated gifs from short videos
Blog Post created by Matt Hanes Champion on Jul 8, 2015
Animated Gifs
We've all seen animated gifs on the internet. They are nice because it's a short animation without the need of hosting a video file somewhere like YouTube. I've been using them in some of my Technology Training courses when a felt like a screenshot just isn't enough to show a step in a process. They can also be used for humorous purposes.
cat.gifSource(_URL_)

Video to Animated Gif
 1. First, you will need a video file of what you are demonstrating. Preferably something short, around 6 seconds or so. I use Camtasia Studio to do screencasts if it's something I'm showing on a computer. As long as the recording is in MP4 or AVI, you can use it.
 2. Once you have your video file (under 50MB), you can use a site like _URL_ to convert your video file into an animated gif. Browse to your file and click the upload button.
 1. upload.jpg
 3. After the upload completes, you can set a start and stop time for the gif if you want to cut some of the beginning or end of the video.
 1. startstop.jpg
 4. After the conversion, you will be given many options to edit the gif.
 1. save.jpg
 2. Crop - Cut out parts of the gif on the sides or top/bottom.
 3. Resize - Make the gif smaller and take up less of the screen.
 4. Optimize - These settings will allow you to decrease the file size of the gif by removing frames or reducing the number of colors.
 5. Effects - This will allow you to do things like:
 1. Set a color in the gif as transparent so a background image can show through.
 2. Transform or rotate the gif.
 3. Play the gif in reverse.
 4. Add filters.
 6. Speed - Add a delay between each frame so the gif is slower.
 7. Split - Split the gif into frames so you can edit each frame separately in an image editor.
 8. Write - Add a text overlay on top of the gif file.
 5. Finally, you can click the save button to save the file after all changes are made.
 6. The gif file can be added to a Canvas Page just like any other image file. You can see an example of one I used towards the bottom of a page in my Image Editing course.
Outcomes


text:
Passage of a California water bill by the House of Representatives highlights the need to reach bipartisan solutions to the state's water problems, according to California Farm Bureau Federation President Paul Wenger. The House passed HR 1837 by Rep. Devin Nunes, R-Tulare, by a vote of 246-175 today.
"At a time when dry weather and water shortages are returning to California, it's important to refocus attention on the need for solutions to the state's water problems. Rep. Nunes' bill illustrates that," Wenger said.
"It has also shown that water issues remain divisive," Wenger added. "For the future of California's environment, cities and farms, its representatives must come together on bipartisan, statewide solutions. A deliberate, measured, comprehensive solution must be negotiated that meets the needs of all water users in the state."
For the immediate term, he said, California needs more flexibility to operate its existing water system to maximize deliveries to cities and farms while promoting environmental values. Ultimately, Wenger said, California needs to expand its water system through new storage, both aboveground and underground, and through improved facilities for moving water.
"The passage of Rep. Nunes' bill underlines the urgency of resolving both the immediate and long-term water problems facing our state," Wenger said. "Farm Bureau will continue to work with our representatives in Congress and the state Legislature to create a California water system that assures sustainable supplies to meet all the state's water needs."
The California Farm Bureau Federation works to protect family farms and ranches on behalf of more than 74,000 members statewide and as part of a nationwide network of more than 6.2 million Farm Bureau members.
Thursday, March 1, 2012
Farm Bureau: Bill shows need for solutions
From the California Farm Bureau Federation:


August 2015
Minitrucks are sold as off-road vehicles for farms and construction sites and are far smaller than conventional small trucks sold for on-the-road use. These vehicles go by many names, including Japanese minitruck, Kei truck, microtruck, and utility transportation vehicle. Minitrucks have the capacity to reach top speeds of 55 mph or more, but many are sold with devices that limit their speed to 25 mph.
Federal safety standards don't apply to minitrucks because they are sold as off-road vehicles, even though they are permitted on public roads in some states. Twenty-one states now allow minitrucks on specific portions of public roads. In Illinois and Missouri, minitrucks are allowed only by local ordinance. Minitrucks must comply with federal safety standards for low-speed vehicles in five states (Illinois, Kansas, Maine, New Hampshire and Tennessee).
The table and map below describe state laws that specifically address the use of minitrucks on public roads. In states without those laws, there may be provisions in other state laws, such as those permitting incidental use of off-road vehicles on public roads, that allow the limited use of minitrucks on public roads.
Hover over map for more detail.


text:
Weight of food stuffs used in cookery.— The following is an approximate, comparative list of the bulk and weight of different articles of common domestic use. These will be found to vary slightly, but are as accurate as can be given and have been proved by experience to be sufficiently correct for all practical purposes.
It is important to note that the weight of things used commonly in cooking varies. For example, 1 Cup of water weighs 8 ounces, but 1 Cup of milk weighs 8 1/4 ounces, accounting for the difference in specific gravity. This is usually only helpful to know when a recipe calls for an ingredient by weight, but lacks sufficient guidance to tell you how much to actually use. If, for example, your recipe calls for "a scant 4 ounces grated cheese", you know that it doesn't mean half a cup, but actually, the weight of the cheese, which is actually the equivalent of a full cup.
Unfortunately, in the 1950's, with the advance of pre-packaged foods, the kitchen scale became an uncommon feature in most American homes. Today, it is making a resurgence, and we heartily recommend to all our readers that they invest in a good, accurate kitchen scale.


also supplies lecture outlines at the unit level. These outlines summarize the main concepts for each module within the unit.
5. Simulated Exams
Each full Becker CPA course also comes with 12 simulated exams.
These simulated exams replicate the format and functionality of the exam down to the smallest detail. For instance, when you enter a simulated exam, you'll see the CPA Exam interface, and your exam will start with the information for that exam section. The prompts that lead you through the simulated exam also look exactly like they do on exam day.
The 12 simulated exams break down to 3 exams for each of the 4 CPA Exam sections. Two of the 3 simulated exams for a section are weighted just like the CPA Exam is, and the other simulated exam serves as a comprehensive review that helps you discover all the areas in which you can further increase your knowledge to maximize your exam score.
All of the questions within the simulated exams are new to you; they have not been recycled from other practice exams.
Finally, all of the questions within the simulated exams are new to you; they are not questions you would have seen on the other practice tests within the course.
6. Unlimited Practice Tests
All of the Becker courses also come with unlimited practice tests. These tests differ from the simulated exams in that the practice tests randomly pull from all of the questions within the course. These tests allow you to get even more practice in before you take the simulated exams.
One new addition is that Becker added the Adapt2U technology into unlimited practice tests so they can be more personalized to really focus on areas of weakness. This targeted, personalized feature can help candidates save time and effort when practicing for the exam.
The practice tests supply a mini CPA Exam experience by featuring 2 testlets. By working through these testlets, you can develop your familiarity with the look and feel of the exam while reinforcing your retention of the exam content.
7. Practice Questions
The number of practice questions Becker supplies varies according to the course package you purchase.
So, the Advantage course includes 7,000+ MCQs and 400+ TBSs, while the Premium and Pro courses have 8,100+ MCQs and 500+ TBSs.
Additionally, Becker constantly compares the quality of their questions against the most recent version of the CPA Exam to ensure that their questions remain up to date and effective for helping candidates pass.
8. Final Review
Becker's final review is a cram course that you complete closer to your exam date. Most candidates start their final review 1-2 weeks prior to their actual exam date.
Becker is only 1 of 2 CPA review companies to provide candidates with a fully comprehensive final review. So, what does this mean?
Becker's Final Review covers more than 115 topics with 39 hours of new lectures, 825 new MCQs, and 108 new TBSs.
In Becker's final review, you'll find condensed material with brand new lectures that Becker has pared down to only include the most crucial content. Additionally, you'll also receive never-before-seen multiple-choice questions and simulations that allow you to get even more prepared (and in case you've memorized some questions, having brand new ones served at this stage is immensely helpful). Becker's Final Review covers more than 115 topics with 39 hours of new lectures, 825 new MCQs, and 108 new TBSs.
In contrast to CPA review providers that don't include this level of final review, Becker gives you everything you need in the end to wrap up your studies in an efficient way. An effective final review stage could be the difference between passing or failing the CPA Exam, so this is a truly important feature.
9. Study Planner
The Becker study planner helps you create the most efficient study schedule according to which exam section you are taking and when. Simply add your exam information, and the study planner will tell you which study units to complete and the order in which to finish them so that you're completely prepared on time.
10. Unlimited Academic Support, Access to Success Coaches, and Academic Tutoring Sessions
Becker CPA Review allows all candidates to receive as much academic support from experienced professors as they need. Specifically, you can receive professor mentoring by posting your exam-related questions to a forum and getting a response back within 48 hours or less. You can also search through archived discussions to get immediate access to similar candidate questions and their answers.
However, candidates who purchase the Premium or Pro course packages will also receive access to success coaches. These coaches will recommend that candidates set specific goals for their CPA Exam journey and help candidates formulate plans to meet these goals. The success coaches will also suggest which Becker course can best meet a candidate's learning needs.
Finally, candidates who go with the Pro course package can also take advantage of the 5 tutoring sessions that Becker offers. These 1-on-1 sessions afford Becker students the opportunity to receive personalized help from CPA-certified instructors. During each 1-hour session, you can ask the instructor specific questions about the CPA Exam content with which you are struggling.
11. LiveOnline and Live Classroom Scheduling Options
If you'd like to watch live lectures from the comfort of your own home or wherever you prefer to study, then you'll appreciate Becker's LiveOnline classes. With these classes, you can join a live webinar, listen to the lecturer, and ask a question in real-time. Therefore, these classes let social learners get the additional support and instruction they need to succeed on the CPA Exam.
Becker is the only CPA course provider that has a live classroom teaching experience.
Becker is also the only CPA review provider to continue to offer live classes in a classroom setting, with more than 80 classes worldwide. Within the classroom learning environment, you'll enjoy a structured schedule, regular teaching, and dedicated attention from Becker's expert instructors.
The LiveOnline classes are available to Premium and Pro course students, and the Becker CPA live classes come with the Pro course. You can find the schedules for these resources on Becker's website.
12. Flashcards
Becker includes 1,300+ digital flashcards in all 3 of their course packages. As these flashcards contain questions and brief answers, you can use them to solidify your understanding of the most important exam concepts.
When you access the flashcards within the online course, you can use the search function to locate cards about certain topics. And when you want to drill yourself, you can tell the course to present the flashcards in random order or in order of lecture and topics. What's more, the digital flashcards also display statics about your progress with them.
If you purchase the Pro course, you can also receive the printed flashcards. Otherwise, you can add the printed flashcards to your course for $179.
13. Native App and Learning Game
The Becker mobile app lets you view the lectures, use the flashcards, and answer the practice questions anywhere you can take your phone or tablet. If you simply download the content to the app on your mobile device, you can access the course offline.
You can also use your phone or tablet to play Accounting for Empires, Becker's unique learning game. This app is an interactive mobile gaming experience that lets you answer CPA Exam questions in order to build your empire. You can choose the number of questions you answer and the topics the questions ask you about so you can work on content areas where you need the most help. Then, you can get credit in your Becker course for the MCQs you answer correctly in the game. In this way, you can really enjoy your studies while increasing your skills.
You can play individually or with a group of other CPA candidates. And when you play with others, you can create alliances, conduct espionage, and challenge other players so you can boost your resources. Finally, because Accounting for Empires is available on Android and iOS® phones and tablets, you can play anytime, anywhere.
14. Flexible Financing: Flexpay
Becker also offers a unique way to pay for your course with its flexible financing option called Flexpay.
With Becker financing, you open a new credit card that you can use to pay for your course over time. This no-interest financing option charges your credit card based on the monthly option you choose.
You can pick either a 3-, 9-, or 18-month installment plan for any Becker purchase over $500. And because you're using a new credit card, this option won't affect your credit score.
A $50, $75, or $125 non-refundable processing fee applies, but all applicants are pre-approved. With this financing, the cost of the Advantage course can be as low as $133.27 a month, the Premium course can come to just $166.61 a month, and the Pro course can cost you only $194.38 a month.
15. Becker Promise
The Becker Promise is a pass guarantee of sorts. Specifically, Becker explains that the Becker Promise is a tuition waiver program for people who finish the review course but don't pass the CPA Exam. If you find yourself in this situation and meet the specific Promise requirements, Becker will let you repeat the course at no additional cost. But because the most complete Becker course features access until you pass, the Becker Promise only seems relevant to the smaller Becker study option.
16. CPE Subscription
Becker wants to be your CPA partner throughout your career. Therefore, they offer a 1-year continuing professional education (CPE) package to students who use the Pro course package to obtain the CPA license. With this subscription, you won't have to worry about finding and paying a provider for your first year of CPE, which is required to maintain your CPA license.
Becker CPA Course Options
Recently, Becker started offering 3 full


text:
The Lainzer Tiergarten is a 24.50 km² (6,054-acre) wildlife preserve in the southwest corner of Vienna, Austria, 80% of it being covered in woodland. It dates back to 1561, when Ferdinand I of Austria created it as a fenced-in hunting ground for his family to use. Since 1919, it has been open to the public. Its name consists of its location by the Lainz district of Vienna's 13th District, and Tiergarten, which means zoo (literally, "animal garden").
The Lainzer Tiergarten is located mostly in Vienna's 13th district, with a small adjacent portion lying in Laab im Walde, Lower Austria. The Wien River is located to its north, the Liesingerbach to its south.
The Lainzer Tiergarten was created by Emperor Ferdinand I in 1561, when the area was fenced off by a wooden fence, to allow for a private hunting ground. In 1781, the wooden fence was replaced by a stone wall. After the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the hunting grounds became a public nature preserve, and have remained so ever since, with the exception of the time period of 1940 to 1955, when the entire grounds were closed. An admission fee existed until 1973, after which the preserve became accessible for free.
A large portion of the Lainzer Tiergarten was lost after World War I, when the Friedenstadt ("Peace City") neighborhood was constructed in its eastern portion. The old wall can still be seen in the Hörndlwald woods east of the Lainzer Tor.
Due to construction of the Westautobahn in the 1960s, a corner in the northwest of the preserve was also lost. This time there was compensation, however, as a portion of the Laaber Wald, adjacent to the southwest corner, was annexed.
The preserve is surrounded by approximately 22 kilometers (14 mi) of wall. There are seven gates, with different operating hours. Clockwise these are:
- Lainzer Tor (main gate)
- Laaber Tor
- Sankt Veiter Tor
The entire preserve is open for approximately nine months of the year, from early March to early November. In the remaining months only the park around the Hermesvilla, accessible from the Lainzer Tor is open. Between Christmas and the New Year, the entire park opens, but is only accessible from the Lainzer Tor and Nikolaitor.
Lainzer Tor
As it is open year-round, and is home to a visitor center, the Lainzer Tor is the preserve's main gate. It is also the origin and the terminus of a 2.2 km (1.4 mi) walk to the Hermesvilla, which can often also be ridden via horse carriage. Public restrooms are also located near the gate, as is a water fountain. This is also one of two gates that has a parking lot.
The Lainzer Tor is located at the end of Hermesstraße, and is reachable using the 60B bus, which connects the gate to the 60 and 62 trams line at 15- to 30-minute intervals. These tram lines can be taken from the stop Hermesstraße, and connect to multiple U-Bahn and S-Bahn lines. Line 62 can also be taken directly from the Vienna Staatsoper to Hermesstraße.
The Gütenbachtor is located on Gütenbachstraße, and accesses the southeastern corner of the Lainzer Tiergarten. It also features a water fountain and a parking lot, but is a 45-minute walk from the nearest public transportation, regional bus line 254.
Laaber Tor
The Laaber Tor is located by the Lower Austrian town of Laab am Walde. It accesses a separate corner of the Lainzer Tiergarten that was added in the 1960s as a compensation for territory that was lost in the north of the preserve when a highway was built. Visitors using this gate will pass the Dianator, which was the gate in this corner before the annexation of additional land. The Laaber Tor also has a water fountain.
Similar to the Gütenbachtor, the only public transportation within reach is the regional bus line 254, which is a 15-minute walk from this gate.
The Pulverstampftor is located in the northwest corner of the preserve, near the Auhof neighborhood of Vienna's 14th district. It features a water fountain, and can be accessed from the Umspannwerk Auhof stop of the regional bus line 151 from Hütteldorf (five-minute walk).
Due to its location near the Hütteldorf railway station, the Nikolaitor is an important gate of the Lainzer Tiergarten. Hütteldorf can be accessed with the U-Bahn U4, S-Bahn S3/S15, S45, and S50, tram line 49, as well as multiple regional bus lines. From the station it is a 10-minute walk across the Wien River to Nikolaigasse. This gate also features a water fountain.
The Adolfstor was located along the eastern wall of the Lainzer Tiergarten. It is now closed until further notice.
Sankt Veiter Tor
The Sankt Veiter Tor is directly accessible using a special hourly-served branch of the 55B bus line from the Ober Sankt Veit U-Bahn station, which only runs during the main season. Higher-frequented bus lines to Hütteldorf and the terminus of the 62 tram line, Wolkersbergenstraße, are available by walking down Hanschweg to Stock im Weg.
Locations in the preserve
There are three eateries, two scenic viewpoints, and one museum located within the Lainzer Tiergarten.
Hermesvilla and park
Franz Joseph I of Austria commissioned the construction of the Hermesvilla, which was completed in 1886, and served as a getaway mansion for his wife. Today it serves as a museum and also contains a restaurant and café, which is highly frequented due to its close location to the Lainzer Tor. The property around the Hermevilla is a special area of the Lainzer Tiergarten, fenced off from the rest of the preserve. Separate gates on the paths leading deeper into the park allow access to the larger section when this is open.
Hirschgstemm and Rohrhaus
Besides the Hermesvilla, visitors to the Lainzer Tiergarten can also eat and drink at the Hirschgstemm and Rohrhaus eateries. These are located deeper in the preserve than the Hermesvilla, but also feature full menus.
The Hubertuswarte is an observation tower, built in 1927, and located on the Kaltbründel Berg, the highest point in the preserve (508 meters/1667 ft). From the top of the tower, visitors have a 360-degree view of the region, including Vienna and neighboring villages.
Wiener Blick
Closer to the city side of the Lainzer Tiergarten, the Wiener Blick offers a view of the city from 434 m (1424 ft). In July 2002, this observation point was visited by the Japanese Emperor Akihito and his wife Michiko.
- (German) Geschichte des Lainzer Tiergartens - City of Vienna Website
- (German) Karl Johann Tichy, Hannes Mayer: "Das Eichen-Naturschutzgebiet Johannser Kogel im Lainzer Tiergarten, Wienerwald". Sonderdruck aus: Centralblatt für das gesamte Forstwesen, Jahrgang 96. 1979, Heft 4. Österreichischer Agrarverlag, Vienna, 1979.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lainzer Tiergarten|
- (German) Lainzer Tiergarten - Official website
- Wien Museum Hermesvilla


text:
Workshop Leaders: Donghong Sun and Larry Dukerich.
This workshop is intended for chemistry teachers who have begun to teach chemistry usingModeling Instruction™, a research-based, reformed pedagogy that is completely aligned with the eight Science & Engineering Practices in the Next Generation Science Standards:
After a debrief of their experiences teaching the core curriculum (units 1-9), participants will be guided through the development and application of the models underlying the content in the 2nd semester of a chemistry course. Topics include the internal structure of the atom, covalent bonding, intermolecular forces, equilibrium and acids and bases.
Through readings and discussion, the workshop also delves into cognitive research, pedagogical content knowledge, and the theoretical underpinnings of Models and Modeling that are essential to understanding Modeling Instruction as both a teaching practice and a teaching philosophy. References describing Modeling Instruction™ and documenting its effectiveness are available at


text:
A university in the Czech Republic has done a study on almost 2,000 dogs on how they interact with one another while on walks.
They found that the gender of the owner doing the walking was a very large factor in aggression towards other dogs.
When a male was walking the dog on a leash, the dog was hour times more likely to be aggressive.
Another interesting result is that when the dog was walked without a leash they were only half as likely to be aggressive, compared to dogs that were on a leash.
The researchers believe the on leash dogs were frosted with their inability to circle around the other dogs and sniff them, in the customary canine greeting.
This led the dogs to be unable to tell if the other dog was friendly or not, so they took a more defensive approach to the unknown and would be more likely to act aggressively.
The researchers suggest that the dog is very sensitive to the deposition of the walker.
So keep a calm, assertive energy on your walk and your dog will pick up on it too. Greet other walks to let your dog know there is nothing to worry about.
Then everyone will have an enjoyable walk! So get out there and get some exercise.
[Image via WENN.]


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Welcome To
Willingham Primary School
Year 5: Ming vases
In Year 5, we have been looking at Chinese blue and white porcelain and have created paintings of Ming vases using a sgraffito technique.
We looked at traditional shapes of vases from the 14th Century onward and decided on a shape for our own vase. The children drew a vertical line to help keep their shape symmetrical. They then used oil pastel to colour in their design:
They painted over their design with white paint and while it was still wet, began to make intricate patterns with the other end of a small paintbrush.
Here are some finished examples:


Random Smoke Testing – What Homeowners Need to Know
In the past few weeks, we've had a surge of customers in Oakland and Berkeley who have experienced "random city smoke testing" requiring them to have their sewer lines tested for compliance. This has caused considerable angst and confusion amongst homeowners.
Here's everything you need to know about smoke tests, and what you should do if you have a random test administered on your home.
What are Smoke Tests?
The cities of Oakland and Berkeley conduct random smoke tests of residential sewer laterals—without the need for permission from homeowners. Notices are set to be delivered in the days leading up to the test but in just case you do not receive a notice or the notice arrives after the test has been performed, don't panic. The tips in the following sections should help inform what you do next.
What exactly is a smoke test? According to the City of Berkeley:
The reason cities are conducting smoke testing is to locate problem areas within the overall sewer system. The test identifies the sources of leaks and other problems in a sewer system, such as where storm water drainage is infiltrating the sewage pipes. This is done in order to avoid the environmental and property damages that occur when the city's sewage system is overwhelmed by storm water.
These tests are scheduled to occur in select areas throughout the entire sewer system, which includes not only the main line running down the street, but also the private sewer laterals that connect homes to the public sanitary sewer main.
How Does a Smoke Test Work?
A smoke test is a sewer inspection method in which a non-toxic smoke, approved by the MSDSs Public Health Agency, is blown into manholes. The smoke makes its way through all the connected pipes in the sanitary sewer, helping to locate pipe leaks, broken manholes, cracks, uncapped lines, and more. Testers will also locate unknown sections of pipe (or sections professionals may not have realized were connected to the sewer), such as cleanouts, roof downspouts, and sump pumps. Certain types of discovered connections are actually illegal.
Regarding the smoke itself, the City of Oakland explains:
"The smoke is non-toxic and non-hazardous and is manufactured specifically for this purpose. It leaves no residuals or stains, and has no effects on plants or animals. The smoke should not enter your home, but if it does, it will have a distinct odor and should only last a few minutes with proper ventilation. Please note, all plumbing fixture drain traps must be filled with water prior to smoke testing."
Homeowners are requested to pour water down all drains of plumbing fixtures that are not regularly used in order to fill the P-traps, which will help prevent smoke from entering the house.
During the smoke test, you may see smoke coming out of grass, utility boxes, cracked pavement, and more. Each test typically lasts about 15 minutes. Homeowners do not need to be home during that time, although it can be helpful to ensure the home is well-ventilated if smoke enters the home. You should also alert the testing crew if this happens.
What Happens After a Smoke Test?
All deficiencies are documented in a written report that should also include photos of the observed smoke. Smoke sources observed on private property will result in a letter from the city explaining the problems with an included deadline for correcting the issues, as these issues are the responsibility of the homeowner to fix.
From what we have seen so far, the cities tend to randomly smoke test a block of parcels on a given day and then send notices to homeowners after they have tested the lines. In some cases, the time lapse between the smoke test and the actual notice going out is large enough that homeowners are able to diagnose and address their problems by the time the notice arrives.
The challenges resulting from smoke test results will vary depending on the issues present in the system. Luckily, there are some fixes that are relatively simple to fix, including:
 - Disconnecting downspouts from sanitary lateral
 - Replacing a missing or broken lateral cleanout cap
However, more difficult corrections may also result. Issues that will usually require professional assistance include:
 - Cracked sewer laterals
 - Tree root issues
 - Re-routing damage from separating storm lines
sewer camera inspection is the next step whenever there is a more serious problem. The closed circuit TV (CCTV) will allow inspectors to discover/verify the true extent of the damage, helping to ensure a solution that truly solves your sewer problems once and for all. This is also important for the environment in our communities, as fixing these issues helps keep the Bay clean and preserve our overall local ecosystems. (Learn more about eco-friendly plumbing.)
What Should I Do?
If your neighborhood is experiencing random smoke tests, there is no need to worry. Follow the instructions given by the city in any notices they might send; and refer to paragraph three in this article, under the section "How Does a Smoke Test Work"? The paragraph instructs you to pour water down all drains of plumbing fixtures that are not regularly used in order to fill the P-traps, which will help prevent smoke from entering the house.
After your home is tested, you will receive communication regarding deficiencies in your line. (Since most homes in the Bay Area have relatively old sewer systems, most homes will have some sort of deficiency to fix.) The most important thing to do is follow the directions given and ensure you have fixed any issues by the given deadline.
Our team is happy to help translate and make sense of any issues reported in the notification you have received. We also offer video inspection, trenchless sewer repair services, and more. For individual assistance, get in touch with the experts at Pipe Spy.


Version 3.1.0
Checksums
WiredTiger optionally checksums file reads and writes to detect storage failures. In read-only applications, or when file compression provides any necessary checksum functionality, or when using backing storage systems where blocks require no validation, performance can be increased by turning off checksum support when calling the WT_SESSION::create method.
Checksums can be configured to be "off" or "on", as well as "uncompressed". The "uncompressed" configuration checksums blocks not otherwise protected by compression. For example, in a system where the compression algorithms provide sufficient protection against corruption, and when writing a block which is too small to be usefully compressed, setting the checksum configuration value to "uncompressed" causes WiredTiger to checksum the blocks which are not compressed:
error_check(session->create(session, "table:mytable",
"key_format=S,value_format=S,checksum=uncompressed"));
The default WiredTiger configuration is uncompressed.


text:
UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) is a simple agglomerative or hierarchical clustering method. It is one of the most popular methods in ecology for the classification of sampling units (such as vegetation plots) on the basis of their pairwise similarities in relevant descriptor variables (such as species composition). In bioinformatics, UPGMA is used for the creation of phenetic trees (phenograms). In a phylogenetic context, UPGMA assumes a constant rate of evolution (molecular clock hypothesis), and is not a well-regarded method for inferring relationships unless this assumption has been tested and justified for the data set being used. UPGMA was initially designed for use in protein electrophoresis studies, but is currently most often used to produce guide trees for more sophisticated phylogenetic reconstruction algorithms.
The UPGMA algorithm constructs a rooted tree (dendrogram) that reflects the structure present in a pairwise similarity matrix (or a dissimilarity matrix).
At each step, the nearest two clusters are combined into a higher-level cluster. The distance between any two clusters A and B is taken to be the average of all distances between pairs of objects "x" in A and "y" in B, that is, the mean distance between elements of each cluster:
The method is generally attributed to Sokal and Michener. Fionn Murtagh found a time optimal time algorithm to construct the UPGMA tree.
See also
- ^ Legendre, P. and Legendre, L. 1998. Numerical Ecology. Second English Edition. Developments in Environmental Modelling 20. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
- ^ Sokal R and Michener C (1958). "A statistical method for evaluating systematic relationships". University of Kansas Science Bulletin 38: 1409–1438.
- ^ Murtagh F (1984). "Complexities of Hierarchic Clustering Algorithms: the state of the art". Computational Statistics Quarterly 1: 101–113.
External links