text:
Say you are a Chinese woodworker and, during your seven years of apprenticeship you have made a full set of tools. Because much of your work will be on site, you will have to find yourself a toolbox to carry your tools around.
Introduction to Chinese Toolboxes
On first sight toolboxes are simply boxes to hold and transport tools. Upon further inspection one quickly realizes that toolboxes are fairly complicated tools that must meet many often conflicting requirements. On one hand tooboxes must store and protect tools while they are not in use on the other hand, the tools must be easily accessible in the toolbox such that the work of the woodworker is not slowed down.
Much of the work of a Chinese woodworker was done on site. Cabinet makers (including their apprentice) were hired for a few weeks or months, ate and literally lived in the home of the contractor while working on the furniture. For that reason Chinese woodworkers had to carry their tools to the respective job site. In other words the Chinese toolbox had to be light and small enough to be transported to the jobsite as well as containing a complete set of tools.
History of Chinese Toolboxes
Chinese toolboxes have been around since professional woodworkers have been around. Obviously there is a need to carry an extended set of tools from one jobsite to another. In contrast to Western woodworkers where toolboxes at times became a purpose in itself, Chinese toolboxes never seem to have been elevated to that level.
Types of Chinese Toolboxes
Old prints of Chinese cabinetmakers at work often show tools that peek out of a woven bamboo basket.
The toolbox that I have seen in use at Liu Shifu's shop was a wooden box that contained all his tools with exception of the frame saws.
Liu Shifu's toolbox is not dissimilar to a Western toolbox. Compared to Western toolboxes Liu Shifu's toolbox is relatively small box. The box has a hinged lid that opens the top and a small drawer in the front and a handle on each side. The box has a padlock on it's front.
The lid of the toolbox has a simple bar that holds ten chisels in place. Two wide board divide the main box into two layers. Removing the front board shows that the drawer slides on two L-shaped rail.
The lid is well fitted to the box. As typical for Chinese carpentry corners are mitered. It is not clear what joinery was used to assemble the toolbox. It could also not be determined what type of hinges were used to fit the lid to the box.
Altogether the toolbox appears to be well-worn. It is very likely that Liu Shifu designed and built this box for his own use possibly from left over wood.
With the exception of the top edge of the box, Liu Sifu has as no moldings, carvings or other adornments of any kind. It is a simple well-executed box that is build for a single purpose: storing the tools of a professional woodworker.
Usage of Chinese Toolboxes
As mentioned in the introduction, much of Chinese furniture was built at the customer's location. A major advantage of Chinese woodworking tools over American tools is that almost all woodworking tools had wooden bodies and hence much less weight than American tools. It is truly impressive how many tools Liu Shifu was able to store in a, by American standards, small toolbox. Although Liu Shifu seems to work mainly out of his shop, it is conceivable that he uses his toolbox to perform repair work in the field.
Modern Chinese Toolboxes
Given the similarity between Liu Shifu's traditional toolbox and equivalent toolboxes in the West, I would not be surprised if there is very little difference between contemporary Chinese toolboxes and Western toolboxes. In fact, it appears to be very likely that a large percentage of modern Western toolboxes are manufactured in Chinese factories.
Chinese Toolboxes in the West
The similarity between Liu Shifu's toolbox and Western toolboxes is indeed striking. But it is completely unclear if this similarity is simply coincidence or if Western woodworkers adapted for and function of Chinese toolboxes. Of course we don't have any information how traditional Liu Shifu's toolbox is. In addition the history of Chinese toolboxes is completely unclear. Lastly, it is certainly conceivable that Chinese woodworkers adapted Western designs for their toolboxes.
-- Chris Scholz, Arlington, TX, _URL_


Use this URL to cite or link to this record in EThOS: _URL_
Title: Understanding and optimising parameters for lightning strike testing of CFRP materials
Author: Mastrolembo, Giuseppe
ISNI: 0000 0004 7426 6282
Awarding Body: Cardiff University
Current Institution: Cardiff University
Date of Award: 2017
Availability of Full Text:
Access from EThOS:
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Abstract:
In this thesis experimental tests and numerical simulations were carried out on the effects of the grounding system on CFRP test samples for the aerospace industry. The grounding system was assessed as one of the parts that can contribute to increasing the cost effectiveness of the sample and the relative test campaign. A numerical investigation was performed to understand the current distribution within anisotropic CFRP laminates. The influence of the grounding system and the interlaminar impedance on the current distribution were studied using parametric simulations and the results were compared. It was found that the side grounding system produces the best performance between the arrangements investigated. It allows for the best current spreading within the sample and for the lowest voltage drop between the injection and grounding points. Furthermore, it allows for the manufacturing of more cost effective test samples. However, a real implementation of the side grounding system introduces the contact pressure variable between the sample and the grounding electrode which influences the contact resistance. To implement the side grounding system, a test rig was designed and manufactured. This made it possible to control the compression force. A low current DC test campaign was carried out on five test samples with the same number of grounding systems. It was found that the contact resistance for the three side grounding systems is dependent on the compression force applied between the grounding electrode and the side of the sample. The influence was more pronounced for the sample without any metal coating on the side in contact with the electrode. Furthermore, the resistances measured for the two side grounding systems with metalized sides were comparable with the resistances measured for the fastener grounding systems. It was found in the literature that the variation of contact resistance due to compression force, for the side grounding cases, is related to variations in the topography of the surfaces in contact, specifically, the variations in the real contact area. Therefore, an investigation on the effects of the compression force on the surfaces in contact was carried out. It was found that the increase in compression force contributes to the decrease in the roughness mean; the increase in the material ratio curve which is a parameter related to the load bearing area; and the modification of the distribution of the height of the surfaces with the appearance of a negative tail. Further to the low current tests and the characterization of the surfaces of the side grounding samples a high current test campaign was performed. Through the use of typical lightning current waveforms, the thermal and electrical limits of the five grounding systems were investigated. The side grounding systems were tested at the maximum compression force to improve the contact area between the sample and the return electrode and therefore, decrease the risk of the sparking phenomena. The side grounding system paired with the sample with the metal sputtered side showed the best performance in terms of sustaining the highest current peak without appreciably increasing the risk of sparking phenomena at the contact interface between the sample and the IV return electrode. Conversely, the sample without any metal coating on its side showed the poorest performance, showing the sparking phenomena at the lowest current peak. The results of the thermal investigation were used for a visual validation of the numerical model created in the first part of the thesis. A comparison between a numerical model and an analytical model was performed. The dynamics of the temperature when a carbon fibres tow is subjected to a lightning current and thus to Joule effects were studied. The analytical model had the advantage of offering a simpler solution compared to the numerical model and a limited amount of data to input into the problem. The two models were found to produce similar results for the first transient of the temperature. However, the analytical model did not take into account the heat dissipation effects of the carbon fibres in the surrounding environment therefore, after the first transient the analytical model was found not to be as accurate as the numerical model.
Supervisor: Not available Sponsor: Not available
Qualification Name: Thesis (Ph.D.) Qualification Level: Doctoral
EThOS ID: uk.bl.ethos.753538 DOI: Not available
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text:
|Address||P.O. Box 219 Batavia, IL 60510|
Copper sulfate is an important agricultural chemical mixed into animal feeds to prevent copper deficiency in farm animals and sprayed on plants to control fungal diseases. Although copper sulfate is soluble in water, the rate at which it dissolves changes depending on the conditions. With the Factors Affecting Solution Formation: An Inquiry-Based Approach—ChemTopic™ Lab Activity, students investigate the effects of crystal size, degree of mixing and temperature on the rate at which copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate dissolves in water.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Mobility behaviour is difficult to catch among young people, because they are more reluctant than adults to be monitored through connected devices. Even when sensing technologies are in place, collected data tells us what happened (e.g. driving style), but not why it happened (e.g. psychological conditions affecting drivers' decisions).
Ninja Riders engages young people with its cross-media suite of gameful digital tools: the youngsters are involved in innovative ideas generation via the Ninja Ideas online co-creation platform; mobility attitudes, preferences and choices are collected and analysed through the Ninja Stories psychographic app, which solicits young people to evaluate their "ninja" abilities within concrete scenarios where decision-making is influenced by personal and social contexts.
By stimulating awareness creation and encouraging personal reflection, Ninja Riders promotes a road safety culture and makes sense of attitudes and choices, thus allowing both young people and mobility stakeholders to get a deeper understanding of the why behind risky decision-making.


text:
Select the diagnostic action to take if Simulink® software makes a minor adjustment to a sample hit time while running the model.
Simulink software takes no action.
Simulink software displays a warning.
Simulink software might change a sample hit time if that hit time is close to the hit time for another task. If Simulink software considers the difference to be due only to numerical errors (for example, precision issues or roundoff errors), it changes the sample hits of the faster task or tasks to exactly match the time of the slowest task that has that hit.
Over time, these sample hit changes might cause a discrepancy between the numerical simulation results and the actual theoretical results.
When this option is set to
the MATLAB® Command Window displays a warning like the following
when Simulink software detects a change in the sample hit time:
Warning: Timing engine warning: Changing the hit time for...
|Safety precaution||No impact|


text:
States will need to take away license privileges from any professional driver who tests positive for drugs and alcohol sooner under a new rule issued by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration.
FMCSA says the rule is needed because too many commercial drivers are continuing to drive because states have not taken steps to remove their license privileges after they have received citations.
This rule requires state licensing agencies to access and use information from FMCSA's Drug and Alcohol Clearinghouse indicating that driver or applicant may not lawfully operate a commercial motor vehicle (CMV) The state agencies are expected to be in "substantial compliance" with the new rule no later than Nov. 18.
Under the rule, states must not issue, renew, upgrade or transfer a commercial driver's license (CDL), or commercial learner's permit (CLP) for anyone prohibited under FMCSA's regulations from driving a CMV due to one or more drug and alcohol violations.
The state agencies also must remove the CLP or CDL privilege from the license of someone subject to the driving prohibition, resulting in a downgrade of the license until the driver complies with return-to-duty (RTD) requirements.
Currently, most state licensing agencies don't receive drug and alcohol violation information about CDL or CLP holders who are licensed in their states, FMCSA pointed out.
As a result, they are unaware when a CMV operator is subject to the driving prohibition. As a result, the driver continues to hold a valid CDL or CLP in spite of the driving prohibition.
By ordering state licensing agencies to downgrade the driver's licensing status by removing the commercial driving privilege, FMCSA also said the final rule also will permit all traffic safety enforcement officers to readily identify prohibited drivers by conducting a license check during a traffic stop or other roadside intervention.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


- python library, dockerized microservice and web app for verb conjugation in French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese and Romanian, powered by ML]]>Live Demo
Overview of the three components
It knows how to conjugate thousands of verbs and for unknown verbs, it uses a machine-learning algorithm to predict the conjugation template.
Part 1 - The python library - verbecc
_URL_ _URL_
Part 2 - The Dockerized microservice - verbecc-svc
Part 3 - The Dockerized web front-end
 - Credit to Pierre Sarrazin for the French XML conjugation templates, derived from his project Verbiste (defunct)
 - Credit to Sekou Diao for the ML template prediction logic, derived from their older project mlconjug however they have a newer version out now mlconjug3
_URL_ 12 Jun 2021 18:07:04 GMThttps://cdn.hashnode.com/res/hashnode/image/upload/v1623520275467/sytcSd3jE.png
In Bash, the history command displays previously executed statements. You can re-execute any line displayed in history by using! followed by the line number in the history output. E.g.!499. This will cause Bash to immediately re-execute that line.
Oftentimes, however, you'll want to edit the line before re-executing it. In that case, you can add the :p suffix which tells Bash to just print the line instead of actually executing it. E.g.!499:p. Then you can just hit the Up-Arrow to recall the line you just re-printed, giving you the chance to edit it before pressing Enter.
You can also use!-1 to immediately execute the previously executed command. This may not be any quicker than Up-Arrow Enter but it's useful for appending the previous command into a startup script, i.e. making it persistent:
export PATH=~/Scripts:$PATH
echo "!-1" >> ~/.bashrc
_URL_ 12 Jun 2021 15:32:19 GMThttps://cdn.hashnode.com/res/hashnode/image/upload/v1623511461193/RGHBcDIc7.png
If you have pip version >= 21.1 or < 20.3, it's easy-- simply pip install the package with a == on the end of the package name. E.g. pip install pylama== Don't worry, it won't actually install the package because it'll fail with an error like the one below:
$ pip install pylama== ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement pylama== (from versions: 0.1.0, 0.1.1, 0.1.2, 0.1.3, 0.1.4, 0.2.0, 0.2.1, 0.2.2, 0.2.3, 0.2.4, 0.2.5, 0.2.6, 0.2.7, 0.2.8, 0.3.0, 0.3.1, 0.3.2, 0.3.3, 0.3.4, 0.3.5, 0.3.6, 0.3.7, 0.3.8, 1.0.0, 1.0.1, 1.0.2, 1.0.4, 1.1.0, 1.1.1, 1.2.0, 1.3.0, 1.3.1, 1.3.2, 1.3.3, 1.4.0, 1.5.0, 1.5.1, 1.5.3, 1.5.4, 2.0.0, 2.0.1, 2.0.2, 2.0.3, 2.0.4, 3.0.1, 3.0.2, 3.1.0, 3.1.2, 3.2.0, 3.3.0, 3.3.1, 3.3.2, 4.0.0, 4.0.1, 4.0.2, 5.0.0, 5.0.1, 5.0.2, 5.0.3, 5.0.4, 5.0.5, 6.0.0, 6.0.1, 6.1.0, 6.1.1, 6.1.2, 6.2.0, 6.3.0, 6.3.1, 6.3.2, 6.3.3, 6.3.4, 6.4.0, 7.0.0, 7.0.3, 7.0.4, 7.0.6, 7.0.7, 7.0.9, 7.1.0, 7.2.1, 7.2.2, 7.2.3, 7.3.0, 7.3.1, 7.3.2, 7.3.3, 7.4.0, 7.4.1, 7.4.2, 7.4.3, 7.5.0, 7.5.5, 7.6.2, 7.6.4, 7.6.5, 7.6.6, 7.7.0, 7.7.1) ERROR: No matching distribution found for pylama==
From this error output we can see that the latest version of pylama is 7.7.1.
If you have an older version of pip, consider upgrading:
python -m pip install --upgrade pip
To check your pip version
$ pip -V
pip 21.1.2 from c:\users\brett\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages\pip (python 3.9)
If you're stuck with a pip version >= 20.3 and < 21.1, you'll need to use the legacy-resolver flag:
pip install --use-deprecated=legacy-resolver pylama==
_URL_ 12 Jun 2021 14:12:40 GMT
Git Bash is a MINGW64 Bash shell optionally included with Git For Windows. It's a handy way to have a Bash shell in a Windows environment. Of course these days you could use the Windows 10 WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) to run a full-fledged Linux distro but I find Git Bash gets the job done and I've used it for many years. However there are a few gotchas. Read on to learn how to overcome them.
If it hangs up when you run commands like python or pytest, try putting winpty in front of them or even better, set up some aliases in your bash profile:
echo "alias python='winpty python.exe'" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "alias pytest='winpty pytest.exe'" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "alias docker='winpty docker.exe'" >> ~/.bashrc
You will need to exit and reopen Git Bash shell for the alias to take effect.
Docker with Git Bash
Another issue I've encountered is that when you're doing a docker run in interactive mode it fails to find /bin/sh but this can be easily solved by using //bin//sh instead. Observe:
/bin/sh doesn't work:
brett_svql3er@DESKTOP-Q20M58F MINGW64 ~/Git/uvicorn-gunicorn-sklearn-docker (master)
$ docker run -it bretttolbert/uvicorn-gunicorn-sklearn:python3.8-alpine3.10 /bin/sh
docker: Error response from daemon: OCI runtime


text:
Bass, Blue Nose
Bluenose Bass is a large fish, growing to over 50 kg, found in temperate waters of New Zealand, Australia, South Africa, and South America. They are particularly vulnerable to fishing pressure because they are long lived, mature late, and exhibit schooling and spawning aggregation behaviors making them easier to catch.
Bluenose Bass sold in the U.S. primarily comes from New Zealand, but a small commercial Bluenose Bass fishery also occurs in Australia. Both fisheries are managed through total allowable catch limits. In New Zealand, abundance of Bluenose Bass has declined to low levels over the last decade, likely as a result of unsustainable catch rates, and there is a relatively high probability that the population is overfished. In Australia, abundance levels of Bluenose Bass populations appear to be more stable.
The majority of Bluenose Bass are caught with bottom longlines or other hook-and-line gear, which may cause moderate habitat damage and result in medium levels of bycatch.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
A Fireweather Forecast that supplements the public zone forecasts is sent into WIMS (WEATHER INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM) through AWIPS and into the World Wide Web. The region is divided into 8 climatologically homogeneous zones for Forestry Forecast purposes. The fire weather zones is divided into two extreme Southeast Arkansas counties...nine Northeast Louisiana parishs and forty-seven counties in Mississippi. The forestry forecast parameters are determined by our state and federal agency customers in the region.
Our fire weather forecasts serves primarily the following regional agencies:
The normal Fire Danger season occurs from October through May. Ongoing site preparation and Forest management continues throughout the year. The Fire Weather Forecast is issued twice daily in the morning by 8 am and afternoon between 2 and 4 pm.
Since the Forestry SPM is not a full time assignment. The morning Fire Weather Forecast is prepared initially each day by the public forecaster using the latest available weather information. The forecast is made for three periods: Today, Tonight, and Tomorrow. The afternoon Fire Weather Forecast is prepared by the aviation forecaster. The forecast is made for 4 periods: Tonight, Tommorrow, Tomorrow Night, and the next Day. The extended is in each zone with surface winds up to seven days. The forecast parameters describe average conditions throughout each zone.


, there grew a certain antagonism between GMHSAFTWCs and said humans. Unfortunately for the people, the GMhSAFTWCs rape small humans. They eat human adults, too. So far, there have been 5000 approximate deaths recorded as being caused by Castor mutensis, and elementary schools across the western hemisphere have begun "Chipmunk Drills," or practice sessions to prepare for possible pillages and rapes of young children.
Such precautions are utterly futile. Those who encounter Castor mutensis do not live to tell the tale. The animal emits a roar not unlike that of the common walrus, which is quickly followed by rapid slapping sounds produced by the animal's impressive tail (or possibly this is the sound of rape itself). The tail, in actuality, can fell an adult male human if provoked. Once you've heard the call of the water chipmunk, you're essentially doomed. There's no escapethe animal attacks and kills mercilessly, drinking the blood straight from its victim's jugular.
edit See Also
Personal tools


How Much Does Digging a Well Cost in My Backyard?
Author:
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As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. It supports the website. So, Thank you. ❤
Sometimes, you might consider digging a well in your backyard to reduce reliance on the municipal water supply.
Well cost in backyard digging
Digging a well costs in the backyard
The average cost of drilling a well is between $25 and $70 per foot. However, several factors affect how much you spend.
Read on to discover how much it will cost to dig a well in your backyard.
Factors affecting the cost of digging a well
Several factors determine the cost of digging a well, including depth, permits, soil type, region, etc.
Well depth
The width and depth of your well are the most significant cost factors.
On average, residential wells range between 100 and 300 feet deep.
However, your well might not exceed a depth of 25 feet in areas where groundwater is close to the surface.
Backyard well costs
Small garden well
On the other hand, diameters are often four or six inches. Therefore, the width of your well determines the amount of water flow.
A 150-foot deep well with a 4-inch diameter will cost you slightly above $5,000. Shallow wells are cheaper, but they are easily contaminated.
It's worth noting that local authorities regulate well depth. Also, consult an expert to find the ideal well depth for your backyard.
Permits
Licensing fees vary from one county to another, ranging from $10 to $500.
This is an essential expense, and gaming to obtain the required permits puts you at risk of penalties and other legal troubles.
Luckily – Well-digging companies help in obtaining permits. Some counties have different licenses for residential and irrigation wells.
You might require additional permits, such as plumbing and electrical wiring in other regions.
Distance to house
The distance between your well and your house affects the cost of digging a well.
You use shorter electrical wires and water pipes if it's close, resulting in lower expenses.
On the other hand, every foot farther from your house increases up to $120 on your budget.
Region
Groundwater levels vary by region; the water table is close to the surface in some areas and deep in others.
Shallow wells are a standard fixture in areas with a shallow water table, and digging costs are cheaper.
Small-scale irrigation well projects cost
Small-scale irrigation well
Remember, each foot deeper adds between $25 and $70 to your budget.
Also, some climates have rocky and dry soils that make it more difficult to dig a well. Machines use more fuel to break through the ground, resulting in higher costs.
Rural vs. Urban
Drilling wells in urbanized areas is cheaper than digging in rural areas.
However, acquiring digging permits in cities is costlier than in remote locations.
Therefore, it would be best to consider the difference between well water and city water.
If you live in a remote location, the average cost per foot ranges between $50 and $60. This covers the cost of commuting and transporting drilling equipment to your home.
Soil type and condition
Soil type and condition also affect the cost of drilling wells.
For example, drilling through soft-textured soil with little rock is cheaper than the rocky and heavily compacted ground.
If You Live In a Rocky Area – Expect to incur higher expenses. It can cost you up to 150% more to drill hard rock, while digging through partial rocks costs 85% more.
However, hard rocks save you the money you'd have otherwise used to install well casing.
Well water testing cost
After drilling, you must test the water before you start using it.
Some contaminants in underground water include:
 - arsenic
 - bacteria
 - copper
 - lead
 - iron
 - methane
 - sulfur
 - and radioactive materials
Well water testing DIY kits cost between $20 and $100.
Hiring government or university labs is more expensive, ranging from $50 to $600. However, it's more comprehensive.
Besides checking for pollutants, lab testing recommends improving water safety.
Components of a well
digging a well in your backyard
How much to invest in digging a well
Digging a hole in the water table is the first step; you need the following equipment to make a well functional.
Well pump
A well pump draws water from the ground and delivers it to your home.
It's arguably the most crucial component of finished water well. This is why you need to service it regularly.
The cost of a well pump depends on its type. Shallow well jet pumps are the cheapest, while deep submersible well pumps are the most expensive.
Shallow well pumps
Shallow well pumps are ideal for 25-foot deep wells or less and cost between $300 and $900.
They are usually placed on the surface and covered with housing.
Even Better – These pumps have a booster for maintaining constant water pressure and overload protection to prevent motor burnout.
Convertible jet well pumps
Compatible well pumps work for shallow wells and others that don't go deeper than 90 feet.
Like shallow well pumps, they are placed on the surface.
These pumps are useful in areas with a fluctuating water table. They cost between $400 and $1,200.
Deep submersible well pump
As the name suggests, these are submerged inside deep wells that range from 90 feet onward. They cost between $500 and $2,000.
Experts recommend using a 3-wire pump for easier maintenance. The cheaper 2-wire variants require raising to the surface during repairs.
Simple backyard well investment
Simple garden well
Well Casing Pipe
A well casing pipe supports the well's wall and prevents loose rock and dirt from collapsing your system or contaminating your water.
As mentioned earlier, this isn't necessary if your well has rocky walls.
Most homeowners use PVC pipes as well casing.
These are affordable, having an average cost of $8 per foot. Galvanized and stainless steel pipes are more expensive ($35 to $80 per foot) but last longer.
Areas prone to earthquakes require steel casing that doesn't snap when the earth moves.
As a Result – The casing should be at least five inches wide and at least one inch larger than the outer diameter of the well pump.
Storage tank
You need a storage tank for keeping well water until it's required.
A tank also means you don't have to turn the pump on whenever you need water, saving energy costs.
The price of a tank depends on storage capacity. The cheapest is available for $400.
Purification system
Most well purification systems use reverse osmosis to make water safe for potable use.
These systems range from $500 to $2,500.
Digging well factors to consider
Cost of the digging
Electrical components
Your well needs electrical components to regulate pressure and the amount of water flow.
These are relatively cheap, with prices falling between $40 and $140.
Septic system
A standalone septic system costs between $3,500 and $5,000.
When combined with a well, the price range increases to between $7,000 and$20,000.
Factors affecting the cost include the type of the septic system, its size, the type of absorption field, and well depth.
Most rural homes have discrete septic tanks for disposing of wastewater.
However, homeowners in urban areas can connect their wells to the municipality's sewer and drainage system.
Which Well Types Can You Dig?
Besides the factors mentioned earlier, the well type also affects its cost.
Here are the different well types you can drill in your backyard.
Artesian well
Artesian wells rely on hydrostatic pressure to push water to the surface, eliminating the need for pumps.
These wells are easy to maintain but can only work in specific locations.
Most artesian wells go deep into the ground, ranging between 150 and 450 feet.
This is because you have to reach the aquifer. Since the cost per foot can be as high as $80, you can pay up to $36,000.
Simple artesian well cost
Artesian well
Geothermal well
Geothermal wells don't give you water.
Instead, they provide heat that can reduce your reliance on air conditioning units and lower your electricity bills.
Drilling a geothermal well ranges from $20 to $50 per foot.
Because they go up to 400 feet deep and have a six-inch diameter, expect to pay a maximum of $20,000 per well.
The sizing of a geothermal well depends on your home's size and HVAC needs. For instance, a 1,000-square-foot home needs two 200-feet wells.
It's worth noting that these wells are exclusively available to regions with geothermal activity.
You need to insert ethanol-filled sink pipes six feet deep into the ground to use a geothermal well.
Ethanol serves as a cooling and heating energy source:
 - In winter, the solution brings underground heat to your house to keep it warm.
 - When it's hot, the solution dissipates the excess heat into the ground.
Irrigation well
Irrigation wells are helpful to farmers who don't have a connection to water supply lines and live in dry areas.
Irrigation wells for farmers cost
Irrigation wells for farmers
The cost of drilling agricultural wells is $35 per foot. However, when you consider other components, it increases to $100 per foot.
A typical small-scale irrigation well costs $12,000 to complete.
If you have a larger farm, you'll incur higher costs, including permits that cost as much as $500.
Residential well
Residential wells are valuable for reducing utility costs.
However, the price of drilling ranges between $25 and $70.
On Average – A 100-foot well will cost you $10,000 when you factor in components, permits, and labor costs.
However, shallow wells are cheaper.
You can complete a


John Hodge (politician)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Hodge in the mid 1900s
John Hodge (29 October 1855 – 10 August 1937) was a Coalition Labour party politician in the United Kingdom, and was the first Minister of Labour and the second Minister of Pensions.
Early life[edit]
Hodge was born in Linkeyburn, Ayrshire and attended Ironworks School and Hutcheonstown Grammar School. When he was thirteen Hodge left school to become a solicitor's clerk and then worked a grocer's shop before joining the local iron works as a puddler—the same job as his father.
Hodge first became involved with trade unionism while at the local iron works. Hodge helped form the British Steel Smelters' Association in 1885, of which he would be elected secretary, because their bosses at Colville. They were informed by works in Motherwell that their wages would be twenty per cent lower than before. The BSSA was a success and by the summer of 1886 practically every smelter in Scotland had become a member and by 1888 the BSSA had members joining from England and Wales and become affiliated with the TUC. The BSSA rarely organised strikes, but Hodge was successful at negotiating increases in wages.
Political career[edit]
Hodge was a member of the Manchester City Council from 1897 to 1901. After failed attempts to get elected,
General Election 1900 Gower District of Boroughs[1]
Electorate 12,267
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal John Aeron Thomas 4,276 52.6
Independent Labour John Hodge 3,853 47.4
Majority 423 5.2
Turnout 66.3
Liberal hold Swing
Hodge was elected at the 1906 general election as a Labour Party Member of Parliament for Manchester Gorton. When the United Kingdom declared war and entered World War I in 1914, Hodge took a very patriotic stance and criticised other Labour politicians for opposing it. From 1915 to 1916 Hodge was Acting Chairman of the Labour Party.
In 1916 he was part of the Mesopotamia Commission of Inquiry. He was also elected as president of the British Iron, Steel & Kindred Trades Association which he had helped to form with other iron and steel unions. From December 1916 to August 1917, Hodge was the first Minister of Labour and had a seat in the Cabinet. At this job Hodge claimed that all strikes during war-time were acts of treason and Hodge successfully made striking boilermakers to go back to work by threatening to charge them with the Defence of the Realm Act.
From August 1917 to January 1919, Hodge was Minister of Pensions in the Lloyd George Coalition Government. In 1919 he appeared in the film Broken in the Wars directed by Cecil Hepworth to advertise a fund set up for ex-servicemen.
The Labour Party was not pleased with Hodge's anti-strike and patriotic actions and therefore put up a candidate against him in the general election of 1918 but failed to unseat Hodge. Hodge kept his seat in the general election of 1922 but retired from Parliament at the general election of 1923. Hodge continued to argue against strikes during the General Strike of 1926 and retired from the presidency of the British Iron, Steel & Kindred Trades Association in 1931.
Hodge was turned down for military service because he was too old. Arthur Griffith-Boscawen, who served under Hodge, called him a "fat, rampaging and most patriotic Tory working man".[2]
 1. ^ British parliamentary election results, _PHONE_ (Craig)
 2. ^ Sir Arthur Griffith-Boscawen, Memoirs (1925), p. 207.
External links[edit]
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by
Ernest Frederic George Hatch
Member of Parliament for Manchester Gorton
Succeeded by
Joseph Compton
Political offices
Preceded by
Thomas Burt
President of the Trades Union Congress
Succeeded by
S. Munro
New title Minister of Labour
Succeeded by
George Henry Roberts
Preceded by
George Barnes
Minister of Pensions
Succeeded by
Sir Laming Worthington-Evans, Bt
Party political offices
Preceded by
William Charles Steadman
Chairman of the Annual Conference of the Labour Representation Committee
Succeeded by
William John Davis
Preceded by
Richard Bell
Chairman of the Labour Representation Committee
Succeeded by
David Shackleton
Preceded by
Joseph Nicholas Bell
Chairman of the Annual Conference of the Labour Representation Committee
Succeeded by
Arthur Henderson


text:
Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, Vol.29, No.8, 971-977, 1999
Nonisothermal electrochemical cell for monitoring hydrogen or oxygen in high temperature water
A nonisothermal, solid state electrochemical sensor for monitoring hydrogen or oxygen dissolved in high temperature (to about 500 K) water is described. Nafion(R) in the form of tube was used as the electrolyte. The reference electrode at ambient temperature and pressure was a saturated aqueous solution of Fe2+ and Fe3+ sulphates. Sensor voltage measurements with dissolved hydrogen showed good reproducibility and long term stability. A regression equation for the hydrogen concentration related to cell voltage and water temperature was derived. Sensor voltage measurements with dissolved oxygen showed relatively poor reproducibility and long term stability. This is attributed to the greater complexity of electrode reactions involving oxygen and water.


text:
Breast Cancer Home > Who Makes Herceptin?
The prescription medicine Herceptin® (trastuzumab) is approved to treat certain types of breast cancer or stomach cancer in adults. It is currently available as a brand-name medication only. Herceptin is made by Genentech, Inc., and it belongs to a group of medications called monoclonal antibodies.
This drug is designed to bind to a specific protein (called HER2) on the outside of certain cancer cells. When Herceptin binds to these proteins, it prevents the cancer cells from growing and multiplying. This medication can also signal the immune system to destroy the cancer cells.
(Click Herceptin to read the full eMedTV article on this medication. This resource offers detailed information on who can use the drug, how it works, and the results of clinical studies.)


text:
The Daning River, the largest tributary of the Yangtze River, is home to some of the Yangtze region's most spectacular scenery, including the Three Little Gorges. The clear blue waters of the Daning sit in stark contrast to the silty brown hue of the Yangtze, and the scenery along the river alternates between sheer cliff walls, verdant hills and the terraced fields of the villages on the banks.
Often shrouded in mist, the cliffs along the river extend thousands of feet in the air. Karst caves along the cliffs hold one of the river's most famous and mysterious relics: the suspended coffins of the ancient Bo minority group.
Archeologists don't know how the wooden coffins were placed into the caves, some more than 1,000 feet (305 kilometers) above the river, but they suspect the action of placing the coffins so high was auspicious and a mark of respect for the dead. Since the completion of the Three Gorges Dam, the water level in the river has risen substantially, making it easier to spot the remaining coffins high up in the cliffs.


text:
You are here
The region known as Nunavut (which means "our land" in Inuit) is the newest and largest of the Canadian territories and has been home to the indigenous Inuit population for more than 4,000 years. Inuit throat singing is not singing per se, but more closely associated with vocal games or breathing games. Two women usually face each other – one leads, while the other responds – the leader produces a short rhythmic motif that is repeated with a short silent gap in between, while the other rhythmically fills in the gaps. Each singer uses the other's mouth cavity as a resonator. Sounds are either voiced or unvoiced through inhalation or exhalation. Thus, singers develop a breathing technique, somewhat comparable to circular breathing. Words and meaningless syllables are used in the songs – the words can simply be names of ancestors and the syllables often represent sounds of nature or cries of animals and birds. The game is such that both singers try to show their vocal abilities in competition, by exchanging these vocal motives. The first to run out of breath, or to be unable to maintain the pace of the other singer, will start to laugh or simply stop and lose the game.
Kronos' violinist and artistic director, David Harrington, first heard Inuit throat singing in 1981, and became convinced that the art form held great potential for a collaboration with Kronos; Harrington says, "Inuit throat singing is one of the most string-like sounds that I've ever heard come from the human voice." However, it was not until 2002 that he discovered a recording of Tanya Tagaq and realized immediately that he had found his collaborator. "She made every other Inuit throat singer sound like Mozart," Harrington explains. ""It was clear that Tanya was the Jimi Hendrix of Inuit throat singing. Her voice sounded like four voices – it was as if she were carrying around a quartet in her voice!"
To compose Nunavut, Kronos recorded a broad range of Tagaq's sounds in order to map out her stylistic vocabulary. From there, Kronos created an underlying compositional structure out of Tagaq's "alphabet of sounds," a set of building blocks that allows for improvisation on the part of both quartet and singer. The performers engage in a call-and-response exchange, with the instruments of the quartet acting as the second voice in the throat song game.
Kronos extends special thanks to Osvaldo Golijov and Jeremy Flower for their contributions to the creative process that resulted in this new work.
Henry Kolenko/Kolenko Productions was the Executive Producer of the world premiere tour of Nunavut.
Nunavut by Tanya Tagaq and the Kronos Quartet was commissioned by the PuSh International Performing Arts Festival, The Chan Centre for the Performing Arts at UBC, CBC Television, the Canada Council, and the National Endowment for the Arts.


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A tiff is a minor, relatively unimportant argument or fight. A tiff with your brother might start over the subject of whose turn it is to take out the trash.
It's no fun to have a tiff with someone, but it's usually resolved or forgotten easily. When you have a tiff with a friend, it's inevitably a squabble over some silly topic, and if you bicker with your boyfriend, you can call it a "lovers' tiff." In the 1700s, a tiff was an "outburst of temper," from an unknown source. Some word experts suggest the word echoes the sound of a "puff of air or gas."


Middle schoolers pass out after taking drugs
OKLAHOMA CITY -- School officials say two 8th graders at Webster Middle School showed up at school under the influence of drugs Thursday morning.
Oklahoma City Schools Spokesperson Tierney Tinnin said, "One student passed out in the hallway and then a few minutes later we had the other one pass out in class."
EMSA paramedics rushed to the scene.
When the students regained consciousness, they told officials, they used a dangerous combination of marijuana and Xanax before coming to school.
Both were taken to an area hospital.
EMSA Field Operations Supervisor Colin Roy said parents need to know the physical signs of drug use.
"A change in sleep patterns, unclear speech pattern and appearing more groggy are all signs. Also heavier eyes, slower breathing and slower movement are also warning signs."
There is no word on the condition of those students but school administrators said both were conscious when EMSA medics transported them to the hospital.


Visit the ISS Website
Moon graphic - upper left
Moon graphic - upper rightAdventures of the Agronauts
Moon graphic - lower left
Moon graphic - lower right
Mission 1
Mission 2
Mission 3
Mission 4
Mission 5
Mission 6
Vine graphic - upper
We have also learned about composting, which is a very important idea for scientists who are studying how to grow plants in space. Remember, there is not much room in space. That means there is not much room for scraps and trash, either. The great thing about plants is that they can be turned into compost and used over and over to replenish the nutrients in the soil. This practice would help cut down on the waste in space. What a great way to recycle.
Last, but not least, plants provide other benefits to the astronaut crew. The astronauts are in space for a long time, and having green, growing plants helps them to stay happy and excited about their work. Can you imagine not seeing grass, trees or plants for months, or even years?
Agronaut Log LogoEntry 29: What do your enjoy most about plants? Is it pretty flowers or fresh fruits and vegetables? Write a poem about how much you appreciate the plants on Earth. Record this in your Agronaut Log.
AstroNut in space holding flowers
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MONOGRAPH ABOUT ENVIRONMENT SITUATION IN THE AREAS OF OIL SHALE MINING
In August 1999, Estonian Academy Publishers published a next in turn publication of the
Institute of Ecology of Tallinn Pedagogical University under the general title "Impact of Oil
Shale Mining and Processing on the Environment in North-east Estonia" (Editors Valdo
Liblik and Jaan-Mati Punning. Institute of Ecology, Publication 6/1999, 224 p.). The
monograph is written in Estonian and has an extended summary in English.
Beside introduction a brief survey of the study area and the methods used,
and bibliography (169 references), the monograph consists of seven longer papers where the main
results of investigations carried out in northeast Estonia in _PHONE_ ascertain the impact of
different anthropogenic factors on the environment. The following papers are published:
Attention is focused on the problems of air pollution and air quality in residential areas and
natural systems. A novel system for estimating the quality of atmospheric air in the over ground
air layer considering the air pollution indices, and principles for zonation of large
territories on the basis of air pollution levels are described. Amounts and emission intensities
of oil shale fly ash and sulfur dioxide emitted into the atmosphere from power stations since
1960 until today are discussed, and air pollution maps characterising temporal changes in the
pollution level are given.
- Estimation of air quality by air pollution indices (authors: V. Liblik
and H. Kundel)
- Emission of pollutants and the dynamics of air quality in Ida-Viru County in _PHONE_
(V. Liblik, H. Kundel and K. Maalma)
- Temporal changes in oil shale fly ash and sulfur dioxide in atmospheric air
(V. Liblik, H. Kundel and A. Rätsep)
- Spread of pollutants in industrial accidents (A. Aunap)
- Assessment of the impact of underground mining on ground surface (A. Toomik)
- Problems of the water environment and water consumption (A. Rätsep)
- Dynamics of phytoplankton abundance of some rivers (E. Rull)
Also, changes in the air quality are analysed by towns (_PHONE_) and
regions (Kurtna Landscape Reserve) as well as by pollutants. Serious pollution incidents that
may result from probable specific accidents in oil shale processing and exploitation containers
of aromatic compounds, and other chemical enterprises are described.
Geotechnical factors inducing the ground surface movement, and consequences
of geotechnical processes in oil shale underground mining dependent on mining, and a roof
control methods are described. An assessment of the impact of underground mining on the ground
surface is presented, and methods are suggested for estimation of arable and forest lands with
the help of the deterioration factors.
The most acute problems of water extraction and consumption, various water
contamination situations, as well as the principal objectives of water management in Ida-Viru
County in the years _PHONE_ are discussed. The results of the investigation of seasonal
dynamics of some species in some more heavily polluted rivers are also presented.
Editor of the publication


text:
Module from the Grove series, is equipped with a gesture sensor PAJ7620U2 with I2C interface. It can recognize 9 basic gestures, such as moving up, down, left and right. It is powered with the voltage of 5 V. It has a digital output, making it compatible with most of the commissioning modules, including Raspberry Pi and Arduino.
A video about the capabilities of the sensor.
The sensor allows you to adjust the sound volume, robot control or creating control unit which can serve multiple devices simultaneously.
The user manual
Manufacturer has prepared a user's guide for Arduino and Raspberry Pi.
The module is equipped with Grove interface that facilitates its connection to the Arduino along with Base Shield v2.0 or a Raspberry Pi with Hat from GrovePi+.
|GND||The ground of the system.|
|VCC||Supply voltage, 2.7 V to 5.5 V.|
|SDA||Data line of I2C interface.|
|SCL||Data line of I2C interface.
- Sensor: PAJ7620U2
- Supply voltage: 5 V
- The measurement speed of gestures:
- Normal mode - 60 °/sec to 600 °/sec
- Gaming mode - 60 °/s to 1200 °/sec
- Interface: I2C
- Recognition of 9 basic gestures
- Operating temperature: -40 °C to 30 °C
- Dimensions: 110 x 75 x 9 mm
- Weight: 9 g


text:
Murder by Death is an American four-piece rock band from Bloomington, Indiana. Their name is derived from the 1976 Robert Moore film of the same name.
The band plays a range of music including instrumentals, rock and alt-country. They use electric cello to create a southern American, gothic sound with occasional western references.
Many songs use themes such as zombies, whiskey and the Devil which are unified into concept albums. For example, the band's second album Who Will Survive, and What Will Be Left of Them? describes a story in which the Devil wages war against a small village in Mexico.


Factors affecting the friction between two solid objects
Friction between two solid objects
The friction arises when two solid objects touch each other, When the friction force is larger than the movement force, the body does not move, when the friction force is smaller than the movement force, the body moves, and the direction of the friction force is opposite to the direction of the movement.
The friction force
The rough surfaces increase the friction force.
What are the factors affecting the friction between two solid objects?
The friction between two solid objects increases by increasing the speed and the surface area of the moving body, The friction between the solid objects increases between the rough surfaces.
The rubber tires
The water on the roads reduces the friction between the road and the car tires, So the drivers can not control the vehicle (the wheels), The car tires press the water under them and the water is squeezed out when the car moves slowly on the wet roads.
When the car moves so fast, there is no time for the car tires to squeeze the water out, and the water is trapped under them, so the drivers can not control the car as the friction is reduced.
The water should be prevented from staying between the car tires and the road, So, the rubber tires are designed with narrow channels along their perimeter, and these channels are connected with curved grooves to squeeze the water out.
You must replace the car tires when their grooves disappear as the grooves are necessary to squeeze the water out, where the water reduces the friction and makes the control of the car very hard.
You can download Science online application on google play from this link: Science online Apps on Google Play
The friction between the solid objects and the air
The advantage and the disadvantage of friction and the ways to decrease the friction
The factors affecting the friction between the solid objects and the water
Accompanied forces to motion, Forces of inertia, Friction forces & Biological forces
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text:
Phosphoric acid in gel form is known as naval jelly, and the product has a variety of applications. Always use caution when working with naval jelly, as it is highly corrosive and caustic; use only in a well-ventilated area.
Other People Are Reading
Naval jelly is most commonly used to remove rust from iron or steel objects. Even very old, thick rust deposits can be removed with sanding or scraping, according to product websites. Naval jelly works simply by a generous application to the rust stain followed by a water rinse; if any rust remains, the procedure can be repeated, or light-gauge steel wool can be used.
Not only can naval jelly remove rust from iron and steel, but the gel can prevent the rust from forming. A thin amount should be spread over the surface of the at-risk steel or iron object and then rinsed. This process is most effective if repeated routinely.
Naval jelly can also be used to thoroughly clean iron or steel before applying paint as well as a paint preparation treatment for galvanised surfaces. The naval jelly should be applied with a paint brush or roller and left to treat the surface for up to 20 minutes. This completely cleans the surface of any rust. Since naval jelly is corrosive, if it is left on for a day or longer before it is removed, it will slightly etch the surface, creating a rougher texture that will more easily accept paint.
- 20 of the funniest online reviews ever
- 14 Biggest lies people tell in online dating sites
- Hilarious things Google thinks you're trying to search for


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Sabbatical or a sabbatical (from Latin sabbaticus, from Greek sabbatikos, from Hebrew shabbat, i.e., Sabbath, literally a "ceasing") is a rest from work, or a break, often lasting from two months to a year. The concept of sabbatical has a source in shmita, described several places in the Bible (Leviticus 25, for example, where there is a commandment to desist from working the fields in the seventh year). In the strict sense, therefore, a sabbatical lasts a year.
The main Bible passage for sabbatical concepts is Genesis 2:2-3, in which God rested (literally, "ceased" from his labour) after creating the universe, and it is applied to people (Jew and Gentile, slave and free) and even to beasts of burden in one of the Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:8-11, reaffirmed in Deuteronomy 5:12-15).
In recent times, "sabbatical" has come to mean any extended absence in the career of an individual in order to achieve something. In the modern sense, one takes sabbatical typically to fulfill some goal, e.g., writing a book or travelling extensively for research. Some universities and other institutional employers of scientists, physicians, and/or academics offer the opportunity to qualify for paid sabbatical as an employee benefit, called sabbatical leave. Some companies offer unpaid sabbatical for people wanting to take career breaks; this is a growing trend in the United Kingdom, with 20% of companies having a career break policy, and a further 10% considering introducing one.
In British and Irish students' unions, particularly in higher education institutions, students can be elected to become sabbatical officers of their students' union, either taking a year out of their study (in the academic year following their election) or remaining at the institution for a year following completion of study. Sabbatical officers are usually provided with a living allowance or stipend.
See also
- Confederation of British Industry survey, 2005.
- Eells, Walter C. "The Origin and Early History of Sabbatical Leave." Bulletin, American Association of University Professors, XLVIII (1962), 253-256.
- Zahorski, K.J (1994). The Sabbatical Mentor: A Practical Guide to Successful Sabbaticals. Anker Publishing.
- Gap year travel guide from Wikivoyage


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On 26 June 2012 it is the International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking.
This important day was created by the United Nations General Assembly to help create a society free of illegal drugs and drug abuse. The date raises awareness of two important world issues -World Drug Day and theBlue Heart Campaign against Human Trafficking.Established in 1987, the day is now in its 25th year and its pro-health campaign is stronger than ever.
Each year the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) selects a theme for the day and this year it is Health.
Events will be held all over the world, from Australia to Vietnam, to look at the effects of drugs in local communities and how we can stop them.
From the dangerous effects of cannabis to the prevention of HIV/AIDS and needle sharing, there will be lots of information available to get educated and join the fight against drug abuse.


text:
Regulations for posting workers to Italy are a reason of concern for many foreign businesses, and indications were often required to TradeCube on this matter. So we are delighted to provide a comprehensive guide.
Posted Workers in Italy, an overview
During the posting period, posted workers must be guaranteed the same minimum conditions of employment as those for wage labour workers doing similar work in the posting location, as provided for by the legislative provisions and the collective labour agreements.
In particular, if the posting is in Italy then it is regulated by legislation, administrative recommendations and provisions of the collective labour agreements with specific regard to:
Maximum work periods and minimum rest periods:
The standard number of working hours is 40 per week. Workers are also entitled to 11 consecutive hours of daily rest every 24 hours in addition to an uninterrupted weekly rest period of 24 hours every seven days, generally on Sundays. The above-mentioned uninterrupted weekly rest period is calculated within a period of 14 days and could fall on a weekday.
Minimum paid annual holiday
The worker is entitled to a minimum of 4 weeks of paid annual holiday. Payment cannot be taken in lieu of holiday unless employment has terminated
Minimum rates of pay (including overtime rates)
In Italy, there is no statutory minimum wage. Collectively agreed minimum wages are established in the national collective agreements for the different industrial sectors by the most representative trade union organizations at a national level, in compliance with Article 36 of the Constitution which lays down the right to a fair wage, in proportion to the quality and quantity of the work.
Conditions applying to temporary workers
For their entire working period, agency workers are entitled to at least the same pay and the same conditions for equal work as those who are employed directly by the "user" company. The "user" company is committed jointly with the temporary staff provider to pay the worker's salary as well as the relative social insurance contributions.
Health, Safety and Hygiene at work
The provisions and the sanctions regime concerning Health, Safety and Hygiene at work are provided for in Legislative decree No 81/2008. These provisions apply to all kinds of activities and risks as well as to all workers, employees or self-employed, and to whoever carries out his activity in the employer's organisation. Training must meet the legal requirements.
Rules concerning the terms and conditions of employment of women who are pregnant or who have recently given birth, of children and of young people
Legislative decree No 151/2001 provides for maternity and paternity support and protection; the law of 17 October 1967, No 977 provides for the protection of the child and adolescent workers.
Equal treatment for men and women and other provisions on non-discrimination
Equal treatment must be guaranteed with regard to all aspects of employment, such as access to employment, promotion, training, employment conditions including remuneration and social benefits.
Procedure for posted labor:
Article 10 of the Legislative decree No 136/2016 establishes that foreign service providers posting to Italy must:
- Make an advance declaration, setting out specific information regarding the posting of the worker(s), by midnight of the day preceding the start of the posting itself and must notify of any subsequent modifications within 5 days of the change being made
- Penalty if you don't comply: fine up to € 500 per employee
- Maintain (for inspection) all the documentation-hard or electronic copies in Italian- relating to the employment of the posted worker (contract of employment, or other document containing the information set down in Articles 1 and 2 of Legislative decree No 152/1997), payslips, timesheets, documents that demonstrate the payment of remuneration as well as certification regarding legislation on applicable social security (form A1) and public registration of the establishment of the working relationship (for the entire period of posting and up to two years following its termination).
- Penalty if you don't comply: fine up to € 3.000 per employee
- Designate a liaison officer domiciled in Italy to liaise with the competent authorities. Failing this, the registered office or company premises of the Italian employer will be considered the liaison office of the foreign posting company (for the entire period of posting and up to two years following its termination).
- Designate a person, not necessarily the same as the one above, who will have the role of legal representative, for the purpose of putting the interested social partners in contact with the service provider for possible collective negotiations; this person does not have to be present at the workplace of the posted worker, but must be available if there is a duly motivated request (for the entire period of posting and up to two years following its termination).
- Penalty if you don't comply: fine up to € 6.000 per employee
Posted workers currently working, or who have worked in Italy, can enforce their rights administratively or in court.
Unlawful situations can be notified to the local offices of the INL (National Labour Inspectorate) which will activate the necessary monitoring activities.
This document was completed on 25/01/2020 and contains the information available on the Italian Labour Inspectorate website.


: "what's that?" or "what are those?" or "what are these?"
 - tana ye : "who's that?" or "who's this?"
Present Tense Past Tense Future Tense Basic Meaning
neis neiti nias that's me
leis leiti lias that's you
seis seiti sias that's him/her/it
nyeis nyeiti nyias that's us
lyeis lyeiti lyias that's you (plural)
syeis syeiti syias that's them
Other pronouns
 - ena : there
 - hya : here
 - a : to, at, by
 - an : towards, upwards (motion)
 - apa : against, on
 - ento : after
 - epe : before
 - ilya : with
 - imi : in, on, aboard
 - ten : for, towards
 - cil : or
 - e : and
 - nan : but
 - nasie : because
 - anda(e) : far, long
 - ata : still, again, yet
 - hara(e) : near, short
 - ilya : together
 - uvea : many, much
 - yale : finally, at last
 - laye : very
 - sin : as well
Number Matis English
0 mane zero
1 mine one
2 ate two
3 nele three
4 came four
5 leme five
6 ene six
7 ote seven
8 tole eight
9 nere nine
10 caine ten
Matis Basic Meaning
aiya(e) blessed
alta(e) built, manufactured, engineered (for plants)
anda(e) far, long
ara(e) owned, propertied
arya(e) left, left-sided, left-handed, clumsy, awkward
avala(e) nice, pleasant, agreeable
cadera(e) fallen
chera(e) lucky
dava(e) sweet, tender, soft, gentle
decata(e) painful, sorrowful, sad
era being (as adjective)
ferya(e) righteous, right-sided, right-handed, straight, adroit, skillful, dexterous
fila(e) proud
filira(e) noble
firha(e) dead, extinct
hara(e) near, short
lela(e) Continuous, uninterrupted, unceasing
loida(e) material, physical
luma(e) living, live, vibrant
lutae enchanting, enchanted
mai(ae) good, favourable, well
mana(e) eaten
matala(e) beaten, battered, defeated
mata(e) speaking, spoken
mena(e) gone
mera(e) wanted, desired
meria(e) beautiful
mindala(e) loved
mota(e) working
naia(e) nocturnal
nara(e) homin (as an adjective)
naeta(e) pleasant, pleasing, amiable, amusing, agreeable
nata(e) new
necata(e) final, ending, ended
nerhta(e) killed, murdered, assassinated
nitya(e) small
ora(e) due (as an adjective), owed
palta(e) stricken, affected
pola(e) possible
sama(e) helped, saved
sana(e) thoughtful
sarda(e) hard, rough, rigid
satia(e) strong, brave
silama(e) joyous, happy
sula(e) drunken
tana(e) made, ripe
tula(e) destination
ulca(e) evil, bad
uma(e) great, tall
vaina(e) surrounded, besieged, enveloped, entwined
vanima(e) ugly, unsightly, ill-favoured
valya(e) protected, guarded
vela(e) understood, seen, watched
Matis Basic Meaning
aire copper (colour)
aiye blessing
altae manufacturing
altaena manufacturer, maker
ande distance, length
are ownership
arena owner, possessor
arye left(side), clumsiness
avale pleasantness
cadeleule bronze (colour)
cadere fall, dusk
cirhie traitor
cherae luck, chance
dare proximity
dave sweetness
decat! pain, suffering
deles time
ende heart
envine cure, treatment
envinena healer
ere being, creature
ferye right(side), address
feria house, chamber
file pride
filar noble
firhe death
herena guide
firhena dead
ilmae light, sun
ilmaule gold (colour)
kainae goddess
kterhos a Fyros, barbarian, heathen
lele Continuation
loide body
lum! life
lutaena(e) enchanter
maie well, good (both nouns)
mane food
manena eater
morhda black, dark
morhdasane inquietude, disquiet, dark thoughts
matala the beaten, loser
matale fight, battle
matalena warrior, fighter
mata history (that is spoken)
mate speech, language
matena orator, speaker, narrator
mearule red, blood
mene a round
mere will
meriae beauty
meriaena(e)* a beatiful homin
mindala(e) beloved, darling, sweetie
mindale love
mindalena(e) lover
mote work, labour
motena worker, labourer
naete pleasure
naia night
nar(ae) a homin
nate novelty
necat! end
nasse poison
nertha the killed, victim
nerhte assassination, murder
nerthena assassin, murderer, killer
ninwe sky, heaven
ninweule blue
nirila reflection
nirile mirror
nityae smallness
nityaena a small or short homin, a Tryker
ora due (as a noun)
ore duty
palte touch, sensation
pole power
sama those who are helped, the saved
same rescue, aid
samena that which helps, savior
sane thought
sanena thinker
sarde hardness, rigidity
satie strength
silam! joy, happiness
sule drink
sulena drinker
tane fact
tule advent, arrival
tuline red-gold (colour)
ulcae disease, evil
ulcaena patient
ulye colour
umae great, greatness
umaena a great or tall homin, a Zoraï
vaine envelope, entourage
valya protege
valye protection, custody
valyena protector, guardian
vanime ugliness
vela view
vele look, expression
velena observer
! These nouns are irregular
* This can also be replaced by the phrase "almeria(e) nar(ae)"
Infinitive Past Tense Future Tense Imperative Basic Meaning
aiyeis aiyeiti aiyias aiyates to bless
altaeis altaeiti altaias altaates to make, to produce, to manufacture
andeis andeiti andias andates to be far
areis areiti arias arates have/has (auxiliary verb), to have
aryeis aryeiti aryias aryates to be clumsy
avaleis avaleiti avalias avalates to be nice, to be agreeable
cadereis cadereiti caderias caderates to fall, to descend
cheraeis cheraeiti cheraias cheraates to be lucky
daveis daveiti davias davates to be gentle
decateis decateiti decatias decatates to be in pain (intransitive), to hurt (transitive)
envineis envineiti envinias envinates to cure, to treat
ereis ereiti erias erates to be
feryeis feryeiti feryias feryates to be right, to be clever
fileis fileiti filias filates to be proud
firheis firheiti firhias firhates to die, to be dying
hareis hareiti harias harates to approach
leleis leleiti lelias lelates to carry on, to continue, to proceed
lumeis lumeiti lumias lumates to live, to be alive
lutaeis lutaeiti lutaias lutaates to enchant
maieis maieiti maiias maiates to be well, to feel comfortable
maneis maneiti manias manates to eat, to feed
mataleis mataleiti matalias matalates to battle, to fight
mateis mateiti matias matates to speak
meneis meneiti menias menates to go, to travel
mereis mereiti merias merates to want, to desire
meriaeis meriaeiti meriaias meriaates to be beautiful
mindaleis mindaleiti mindalias mindalates to love
moteis moteiti motias motates to work


text:
Matar Fluids Group (MFG) received funding from Imperial College London to develop the technology, with which they have created a VR programme that enables students to experience fluid dynamics from within a liquid flow with real-time feedback through touch and sound.
Each student in the classroom is provided with a VR headset, headphones and two handheld controllers. As well as being able to view a liquid flow from 360 degrees on the outside, they are also able to dive in and see how the flow behaves from within. In addition, the programme enables them to manipulate particles and measure the impact of their movements, bringing to life the mathematical equations for these processes.
In one simulation, a flow of liquid is presented in a pipe. Users can shoot particles into the pipe and observe how they travel down it, seeing how they move faster at the centre of the pipe and slower near the edge.
In addition to visual cues, students are able to hear and feel the impact of pressure. When the pressure of the liquid flow is higher, a high-pitched sound can be heard and a vibration felt in the handheld controllers – much like the rumblepack on a games console.
Third year undergraduate Aniket Chitre said: "It's quite cool how they've made it sound near the walls of the pipe. The stress is higher near the walls and quieter near the centre.
I think I'll remember this better than a mathematical derivation – it solidifies learning in a more memorable way".


Devastation From Venezuela's Economic Crisis Reaches Humans and Pets
sad-dogIn the U.S., something as simple as vehicle neglect can cost the economy upwards of $2 billion every year. However, the economic crisis in Venezuela has cost the citizens of the country much more than just money.
In the midst of an ongoing economic crisis in Venezuela, citizens have lost so much that many can no longer afford to take care of their beloved pets, and have since abandoned them to the streets.
As a result of rampant inflation, many families are simply struggling to feed themselves, let alone their four-legged friends.
A single bag of dog food now costs as much as a third of the country's minimum wage. Pet food has become a luxury that many simply cannot afford anymore.
Activists have reported that the number of animals abandoned by families has increased by at least 50% in the last year alone.
Animal shelters are becoming more and more crowded with each passing day, and those pets who don't make it to the shelters are simply left on the streets to fend for themselves.
"The (dogs) are hungry because there are many dogs and no matter how much effort I put in, I bring all these filled containers (of food) but it's not enough," one activist said of their struggles.
Venezuelans are suffering through food and medical shortages across the nation, and to make matters worse, the country continues to refuse aid.
President Nicolas Maduro of Venezuela and Secretary of State John Kerry recently met for a brief exchange that — under any other circumstances — could have been the start of easing tensions between the two countries.
However, that was not the case.
Kerry met with Maduro to express concern about the economic crisis plaguing Venezuela.
This year has been one of the most unstable in Venezuela's history, and has diplomats from nations around the world concerned and struggling to come up with ways to reach out and offer some form of assistance.
"The main concern in the U.S. is the risk of utter collapse and uncontrolled chaos," said Michael Shifter, the president of the Inter-American Dialogue, a policy forum in Washington. "And that is why there is this kind of effort to keep this communication going."
Until Venezuela accepts aid or creates solutions that could help heal the country, their pets and people will still struggle to survive.


text:
Daily high temperatures decrease by 9°F, from 94°F to 86°F, rarely falling below 79°F or exceeding 102°F.
Daily low temperatures decrease by 8°F, from 70°F to 62°F, rarely falling below 57°F or exceeding 75°F.
For reference, on July 20, the hottest day of the year, temperatures in Juhaynah typically range from 78°F to 101°F, while on January 18, the coldest day of the year, they range from 46°F to 69°F.
Average High and Low Temperature in October
The daily average high (red line) and low (blue line) temperature, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted lines are the corresponding average perceived temperatures.
The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the hourly average temperatures for the quarter of the year centered on October. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.
The month of October in Juhaynah experiences increasing cloud cover, with the percentage of time that the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy increasing from 5% to 16%.
The clearest day of the month is October 1, with clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy conditions 95% of the time.
For reference, on December 12, the cloudiest day of the year, the chance of overcast or mostly cloudy conditions is 26%, while on September 8, the clearest day of the year, the chance of clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy skies is 98%.
The percentage of time spent in each cloud cover band, categorized by the percentage of the sky covered by clouds.
Over the course of October in Juhaynah, the length of the day is decreasing. From the start to the end of the month, the length of the day decreases by 45 minutes, implying an average daily decrease of 1 minute, 29 seconds, and weekly decrease of 10 minutes, 26 seconds.
The shortest day of the month is October 31, with 11 hours, 9 minutes of daylight and the longest day is October 1, with 11 hours, 54 minutes of daylight.
Hours of Daylight and Twilight in October
The number of hours during which the Sun is visible (black line). From bottom (most yellow) to top (most gray), the color bands indicate: full daylight, twilight (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and full night.
The earliest sunrise of the month in Juhaynah is 5:46 AM on October 1 and the latest sunrise is 16 minutes later at 6:02 AM on October 31.
The latest sunset is 5:40 PM on October 1 and the earliest sunset is 28 minutes earlier at 5:12 PM on October 31.
Daylight saving time is not observed in Juhaynah during 2021.
For reference, on June 21, the longest day of the year, the Sun rises at 5:01 AM and sets 13 hours, 49 minutes later, at 6:50 PM, while on December 21, the shortest day of the year, it rises at 6:38 AM and sets 10 hours, 28 minutes later, at 5:06 PM.
Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight in October
The solar day over the course of October. From bottom to top, the black lines are the previous solar midnight, sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and the next solar midnight. The day, twilights (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and night are indicated by the color bands from yellow to gray.
The figure below presents a compact representation of key lunar data for October 2021. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the colored areas indicate when the moon is above the horizon. The vertical gray bars (new Moons) and blue bars (full Moons) indicate key Moon phases. The label associated with each bar indicates the date and time that the phase is obtained, and the companion time labels indicate the rise and set times of the Moon for the nearest time interval in which the moon is above the horizon.
Moon Rise, Set & Phases in October
The time in which the moon is above the horizon (light blue area), with new moons (dark gray lines) and full moons (blue lines) indicated. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.
We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night.
The chance that a given day will be muggy in Juhaynah is essentially constant during October, remaining around 0% throughout.
For reference, on August 24, the muggiest day of the year, there are muggy conditions 2% of the time, while on January 1, the least muggy day of the year, there are muggy conditions 0% of the time.
The percentage of time spent at various humidity comfort levels, categorized by dew point.
This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages.
The average hourly wind speed in Juhaynah is decreasing during October, decreasing from 9.9 miles per hour to 8.7 miles per hour over the course of the month.
For reference, on June 18, the windiest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 11.6 miles per hour, while on December 31, the calmest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 7.8 miles per hour.
Average Wind Speed in October
The average of mean hourly wind speeds (dark gray line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
The hourly average wind direction in Juhaynah throughout October is predominantly from the north, with a peak proportion of 90% on October 1.
Wind Direction in October
The percentage of hours in which the mean wind direction is from each of the four cardinal wind directions, excluding hours in which the mean wind speed is less than 1.0 mph. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries are the percentage of hours spent in the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).
Definitions of the growing season vary throughout the world, but for the purposes of this report, we define it as the longest continuous period of non-freezing temperatures (≥ 32°F) in the year (the calendar year in the Northern Hemisphere, or from July 1 until June 30 in the Southern Hemisphere).
Temperatures in Juhaynah are sufficiently warm year round that it is not entirely meaningful to discuss the growing season in these terms. We nevertheless include the chart below as an illustration of the distribution of temperatures experienced throughout the year.
Time Spent in Various Temperature Bands and the Growing Season in October
The percentage of time spent in various temperature bands. The black line is the percentage chance that a given day is within the growing season.
Growing degree days are a measure of yearly heat accumulation used to predict plant and animal development, and defined as the integral of warmth above a base temperature, discarding any excess above a maximum temperature. In this report, we use a base of 50°F and a cap of 86°F.
The average accumulated growing degree days in Juhaynah are rapidly increasing during October, increasing by 806°F, from 6,840°F to 7,646°F, over the course of the month.
Growing Degree Days in October
The average growing degree days accumulated over the course of October, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
This section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account of seasonal variations in the length of the day, the elevation of the Sun above the horizon, and absorption by clouds and other atmospheric constituents. Shortwave radiation includes visible light and ultraviolet radiation.
The average daily incident shortwave solar energy in Juhaynah is decreasing during October, falling by 1.2 kWh, from 6.5 kWh to 5.3 kWh, over the course of the month.
Average Daily Incident Shortwave Solar Energy in October
The average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground per square meter (orange line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
For the purposes of this report, the geographical coordinates of Juhaynah are 26.673 deg latitude, 31.498 deg longitude, and 210 ft elevation.
The topography within 2 miles of Juhaynah contains only modest variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 131 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 218 feet. Within 10 miles contains only modest variations in elevation (1,247 feet). Within 50 miles also contains very significant variations in elevation (1,709 feet).
The area within 2 miles of Juhaynah is covered by cropland (84%), within 10 miles by cropland (52%) and bare soil (43%), and within 50 miles by bare soil (85%) and cropland (12%).
This report illustrates the typical weather in Juhaynah, based on a statistical analysis of historical hourly weather reports and model reconstructions from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2016.
Temperature and Dew Point
There are 2 weather stations near enough to contribute to our estimation of the temperature and dew point in Juhaynah.
The estimated value at Juhaynah is computed as


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Topic: Parallel In Serial Out Diasy Chaining (Read 747 times) previous topic - next topic
So for my engineering design project, I have to read in 12 buttons using just 4 arduino pins. I know it's possible to do it using 2 Parallel In Serial Out Registers, but I have no idea how to daisy chain them together. Can someone help me? Also, how would the code work?
In brief:
Serial out from one chip into serial in of the other, parallel the other control signals, parallel-load then clock for twice as many pulses...
Or use a MCP23S17 or a better yet with only 2 pins a PCF8575.
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Neha Patil (Editor)
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Country Switzerland
Reppisch httpsuploadwikimediaorgwikipediacommonsthu
The Reppisch is a river in Switzerland. It rises in the Türlersee and joins the Limmat as its tributary, near the town of Dietikon. The Reppisch flows in the Säuliamt (Affoltern district), canton of Zürich, an area featuring still partially untouched nature.
Map of Reppisch, Dietikon, Switzerland
Between Birmensdorf and Dietikon, the river crosses a narrow valley which is used as a target range by the Swiss army troops stationed in the infantry barracks nearby. Therefore, this valley may be closed to entry during some parts of the week.
Shortly before entering Dietikon, the river underruns the Mutschellenpassstrasse and the Bremgarten-Dietikon-Bahn railway. In the spring of 1999, there were heavy floods in this area, blocking the road and the railway service for several days.
Sixty eight named streams empty into the Reppisch, of which three, namely the Wüeribach, the Rummelbach and the Lunnerenbach, are 4 or more kilometres long. In addition there are 5 tributaries that are 2 kilometres long or more: the Dönibach, the Lättenbach, the Schwandenbach, the Tobelbach near Birmensdorf and the Malefizgraben, if one includes its right hand headstream, the Weidbach.
The most important tributary of the Reppisch is the roughly 8-kilometre-long Wüeribach, which drains the plain of Wettswil and Bonstetten and empties into the Reppisch near Birmensdorf from the left.
Reppisch Wikipedia
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All Is Bright
Matthias Bühler
Peter Nowill


text:
If Earth moves then why can't we feel it? This one question haunts curious minds across different age groups. Thank the celestial stars that there is a scientific explanation for everything. The phenomenon can be explained in one line:
We cannot feel the earth move because we are attached to its surface and there is no relative motion between us and the earth. All of us are moving with it at a constant speed.
What do we mean by relative motion here?
It is true that all motion is relative but since our bodies move along with the earth, it means that our body is at rest. Since we are moving with the earth in the same direction, we don't feel it move.
For example, if you were to toss a coin in the moving bus, it will land at the same where it started from. Since you are moving in the speed of the bus, nothing will disturb the motion of the coin. However, if the bus were to decelerate or take a sharp turn, the coin will definitely fall at some other place because the coin continued to follow the same frame of motion whereas the bus changed.
Similarly, since we live on the surface of the Earth, we don't feel the speed, unless it halts, decelerates, or change direction.
The fact that Earth rotates faster than the Shanghai Maglev train, the world's fastest high-speed electric train, is mind-boggling. So, if it itches you to experience the speed of the earth, then jump off from that height above Earth's surface where you decouple from Earths rotation (create relative motion). You will land on a different spot.
Just be safe with your stunt!


Why shoes?
Shoes are a basic necessity for all people.
Without working shoes, people can suffer from pain and missed opportunities.
With new shoes, people can begin to live their best lives free from disease and disappointments.
People need new shoes.
sole2soulmission_nametag (1).png
S2S buys new shoes for people.
Volunteers give shoes and pray with people.
People around the world need footwear to cover the soles of their feet and Jesus to cover their souls.
Shoes are needed to guard off disease, but CLOSE TO HALF A BILLION children live in extreme poverty worldwide and face going without new shoes.
1 in 5 children in the US (15 million) live in poverty and 41% of US children are living in low-income families.
1.5 billion people are infected with diseases through contaminated soil that could've easily been prevented by proper footwear.
S2S provides new socks and shoes to children (and adults) in need and uses this opportunity to share the Gospel of Jesus Christ.


text:
trabeation - In architecture, a beam or lintel.
tracer - A chasing tool. Also see ciselet.
tracery - In architecture, branching, ornamental stonework, generally in a window, where it supports the glass. Tracery is particularly characteristic of Gothic architecture.
France, Rose Window of the Cathedral of Notre Dame of Paris, interior view.
This exterior view displays the fine stone tracery.
Work on this cathedral began in 1163 and was completed 1345. See architecture and rose window.
Also see bar tracery, fenestration, flamboyant, foil, quatrefoil, and stained glass.
tracing and tracing paper - Making a drawing by referring to an image visible underneath it. Tracing paper is made translucent for this purpose. While artists sometimes use tracing simply as a means of copying another image, and often their own image, they use it best to improve upon images.
Examples of drawings on tracing paper:
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (German, _PHONE_), Friedrichstrasse Skyscraper, Berlin-Mitte, Germany, a project in 1921, this is a perspective drawing from the north, charcoal and pencil on tracing paper mounted on board, 68 1/4 x 48 inches (173.4 x 121.9 cm), Museum of Modern Art, NY. This design for a twenty-story tower was based on the then-untried curtain wall idea: that a supporting steel skeleton would be able to free the exterior walls from their load-bearing function, allowing a building to have a surface that is more translucent than solid. See Bauhaus.
Jacobus Johannes Pieter Oud, architect and delineator (Dutch, _PHONE_), House for Three Families, 1928, axonometric projection in ink and pencil on tracing paper, Carnegie Museum of Art, Pittsburgh, PA. Oud worked in the style that evolved from De Stijl called the International Style.
Also see appropriation, copy, counterfeit, épure, facsimile, forgery, frottage, homage, representation, reproduction, rubbing, and simulacrum.
tracking shot - In video and cinematography, a film segment photographed with a camera moving steadily along a track or on a dolly, usually following a subject's movement. This term has been in use since about 1940. It's also called a trucking shot, or dollying with. A tracking shot should be compared to a zooming shot, but is different from it in significant though subtle ways. A tracking shot can be combined with other kinds of movement, as when the camera is attached to a crane, allowing it to rise or fall as it is tracking. When shooting while walking with a camera produces unwanted vibrations, a camera operator might employ a Steadicam to smooth out such jerkiness.
Also see blow-up, close-up, depth of field, direction, enlarging, jump cut, field of view, pan, panning shot, straight, tilt, and wide-angle shot.
trademark, ® - A company's identity — name, logo, symbol, design, or other device — used to show that a product or service is made by a particular producer and legally registered so that no other person or firm can use it. Trademarks of successful products and services are jealously guarded by their owners to prevent competitors from imitating them. Registration (in the USA with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office; internationally by the World Intellectual Property Organization, under the Madrid Protocol) is indicated by an encircled "R" following the name ("TM" if a claim is made to the mark, or if registration is pending), giving the owner the right to legal redress in case of infringement. The use of a trademark indicates that the maker believes that the quality of the product will enhance his or her standing or goodwill, and a known trademark indicates to a buyer the reputation that is staked on the goods. Imitations of a trademark wrong both the owner of the trademark and the buyer, who is misled as to the source of the product, and such infringements of a trademark are punishable by law. Also spelled "trade mark."
Alternatively, a trademark can be any distinctive characteristic associated with a particular person or his works — something particularly noteworthy that a person typically has or does, such as an artist's characteristic style, medium, technique, or subject. Many artists' signatures are equivalent to their trademarks. James A. M. Whistler had a wisp of white hair on his forehead and a butterfly for his signature.
Examples of trademarked products include Cor-ten, Duco, Kiln-Sitter, Lucite, Masonite, Nirosta, Plasticine, PlexiGlas, Styrofoam, and Velcro.
Art about a trademark:
Edward Ruscha (American, 1937-), Large Trademark with Eight Spotlights, 1962, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY. See Pop Art.
Also see tattoo.
tradigital - Referring to art, especially animation, that combines traditional and computer-generated media. Cinematic examples include Who's Afraid of Roger Rabbit?, Spaceballs, and The Lord of the Rings trilogy. The term was earliest coined about 1995.
See digital imaging, mixed media, and new media.
tradition and traditional - Tradition is the passing along of a culture from generation to generation, especially orally. Or, a custom or set of customs handed down in this way. The idea of heritage is related to that of tradition. Any activity — as a pattern of celebration, ritual, or other behavior, etc. — is traditional once it is a precedent influencing comparable activities in the future.
Tradition's opposite is reaction to it, change, variation from what's been done before, what's different, new or avant-garde.
Jose Antonio Rios (Peruvian, contemporary) and his family, "Colonial Garlands" Jewelry Box, 2003, tooled leather on plywood, velour lining, height 3.0 inches, diameter 6.3 inches, weight 0.4 lbs. A member of the Rios Family has tooled the leather with hammer and chisel, replicating foliate patterns of vines and garlands, reminiscent of Peru's colonial epoch. Jose Antonio Rios said, "For us, embossing leather is a family tradition. My father inherited it from his father, and handed it down to us."
Also see archaeology, civilization, ethnic, ethnosphere, humanities, iconography, memory, modernism, new, periodicity, posterity, time, and tradigital.
tragacanth - A white or reddish gum derived from herbs used as a water-soluble binder.
transcend - To go beyond the limits of. To surpass, as in intensity or power. Going beyond the ordinary range of perception. It may even mean above and independent of material experience or the universe, as in the experience of God.
Also see high art and transcendentalism.
transcendentalism - A philosophy holding that one can transcend experience in order to attain a higher plane of knowledge. May also refer to a literary and philosophical movement that flourished in New England in the middle of the nineteenth century. It is associated with Ralph Waldo Emerson (American, _PHONE_) and Henry David Thoreau (American, _PHONE_), who were influenced by such German philosophers as Immanuel Kant (_PHONE_).
transept - An aisle between the apse and nave. It cuts across the nave and side aisles to form a cross-shaped (cruciform) floor plan.
Also see architecture, cathedral, and Gothic.
transfer paper - Paper coated with a packed pigmented powder. When marks are made with sufficient pressure upon the paper's uncoated side, a likeness of those marks is transferred to the surface placed below the transfer paper with the pigments from its coated side. There are many commercial and hand-made types. To make your own transfer paper, rub pencil or crayon marks densely onto an area of paper. Also see carbon paper, copy, frisket, and rouge paper.
transferal - Something that is transferred from one place to another, as an image may be passed from one surface to another by any of several means, including from a printing plate, or from transfer paper. A toy named Silly Putty can do this by being pressed onto dry newspaper inks. Or, the removal of an image from a surface in the act of its being transferred.
Antonio Pollaiuolo (Italian, Florence, 1431/32-1498), Study for an Equestrian Monument, c. _PHONE_, pen and brown ink, light and dark brown wash; outlines of the horse and rider pricked for transfer, 11 1/8 x 10 inches (28.1 x 25.4 cm), Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY. See equestrian art and monument.
Paul Klee (Swiss, _PHONE_), Twittering Machine, 1922, watercolor and pen and ink on oil transfer drawing on paper, mounted on cardboard, 25 1/4 x 19 inches (63.8 x 48.1 cm), Museum of Modern Art, NY. See music and Swiss art.
Robert Rauschenberg (American, 1925-), Untitled, 1979, solvent transfer and fabric collage on paper, 31 x 22 inches, Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art, Kansas City, MO. Rauschenberg clipped reproductions from magazines, coated them with chemical solvent, and placed


excess spaces removed, spaces changed to underscore, case shifted to lower case....,
 - you may get a helpful error message
 - you may get odd unexpected results perhaps with an unhelpful error message or none at all.
 it takes a common form for lines in the systems files. These are of the
Generally there are three aspects to output:
 - What table and what columns from that table are used.
 - What data is selected.
 - What is the order of the data.
 - What format is used for the data.
These are covered below.
Table and Columns[edit]
Selection Criteria[edit]
Sort Order[edit]
Output Formats[edit]
When running a query ( you could call it a report ) there are a variety of formats to choose between ( not including which columns.... which is part of Output Content ). When you run a query the system tries to open the resulting file ( output is always to file, if you need printed output print the file ) in the approiapate viewer, often your text editor.
This list of formats may expand as I think of new options but as of now:
Table is an ASCII sort of spreadsheet, each record is on a single line, | characters separate the columns. Here is an example for the dogs scenario:
#---------- file output from EasyDB Ver9: 2019_12_01.01
# sql = SELECT ROWID, breed, dog_name, typical_weight FROM dogs ORDER BY ROWID ASC
# select built from =
use_table: dogs
ROWID | breed | dog_n | typic
1 | Poodl | Spike | 25
2 | Wolf | Mike | 80
3 | Sprin | Penny | 33
4 | Mut | Woof | 200
:======== eof footer ============
This is a nice concise form of output as long as the output does not get wider than your printer or screen. If you really want the data in a spreadsheet then use CSV output which is easy to import into most spreadsheets.
Input format makes the output look just like a cleaned up version of the input that would be necessary to input the data. One major difference is that the purpose is listed as export. This stops you from using it as input by mistake, you have to change the purpose to insert.
use_table: dogs
Here all the output is sent to the Python log file. The data will be mixed in with other logged information.
 2019-12-02 20:36:05,467 - App - DEBUG - sql = SELECT ROWID, breed, dog_name, typical_weight FROM dogs ORDER BY ROWID ASC
2019-12-02 20:36:05,468 - App - DEBUG - write_header() self.col_names ['ROWID', 'breed', 'dog_name', 'typical_weight']
2019-12-02 20:36:05,468 - App - Notice - #---------- SelectLogWriter output from EasyDB Ver9: 2019_12_01.01
 self.table_info.sql = SELECT ROWID, breed, dog_name, typical_weight FROM dogs ORDER BY ROWID ASC
2019-12-02 20:36:05,469 - App - Notice - ============--------RowObject--------=====================
RowObject __str__()
edit_dict: {'ROWID': [1, None], 'breed': ['Poodle', None], 'dog_name': ['Spike', None], 'typical_weight': ['25', None]}
RowObject __str__()
edit_dict: {'ROWID': [2, None], 'breed': ['Wolf', None], 'dog_name': ['Mike', None], 'typical_weight': ['80', None]}
RowObject __str__()
edit_dict: {'ROWID': [3, None], 'breed': ['Springer', None], 'dog_name': ['Penny', None], 'typical_weight': ['33', None]}
RowObject __str__()
edit_dict: {'ROWID': [4, None], 'breed': ['Mut', None], 'dog_name': ['Woof', None], 'typical_weight': ['200', None]}
2019-12-02 20:36:05,469 - App - Notice - None
2019-12-02 20:36:05,469 - App - DEBUG - change_table_name =>>dogs<<
2019-12-02 20:36:05,473 - App - DEBUG - change_last_output_file_name easy_db.py_log
2019-12-02 20:36:05,487 - App - DEBUG - <<<<< Select complete <<<<<
ROWID breed dog_name typical_weight
1 Poodle Spike 25
2 Wolf Mike 80
3 Springer Penny 33
4 Mut Woof 200
An HTML version of a table, much nicer to view than the ASCII version.
Output Content[edit]
What Content[edit]
What Sort Order[edit]
The GUI[edit]
see: Easy DB GUI Images
There are several application outputs that may be useful for debugging.
 - Watch the GUI
 - Check the Python console.
 - Look at the python log file ( use the GUI button ( specify your editor in parameters.py first ) or use your editor on the default name of the log file...\easy_db.py_log.
Most issues will probably be missing libraries, parameters.py issues, or just bugs in my code ( email me ).
Basic Database Terminology