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Status: Ghost Town
Current Population: A few
Peak Population: ~3,000
Elevation: 5,298 Feet
Primary Mineral: Many minerals mined here
The town of Gold Hill established in 1892, was named for a gold bearing mountain just east of town. Gold Hill became famous for its location of many minerals including silver, gold, copper, lead, tungsten, and arsenic. This first boom died and the area was left behind.
The Deep Creek railroad was built into Gold Hill in 1917 and the town quickly bloomed. Arsenic was badly needed during World War 1 to control insects destroying the cotton fields of the South. Over 3,000 people lived and worked here as stores, a school, a pool hall, and a newspaper flourished. Then cheaper foreign sources of arsenic became available and the town faded.
World War 2 reawakened the town due to high demands of tungsten used in steel and for electric filaments. Tones were shipped out until the need was gone and the town of Gold Hill dwindled again.
From a sign on site
A United States post office operated at Gold Hill from 1911 to 1949.


text:
Compact motor from VEM to drive rotation tanks
The DRESDYN experiment at the Helmholtz Centre in Dresden Rossendorf is researching into the origin of the Earth's magnetic field in its liquid core.
The data needed for the project will come from a rotation tank more than two metres in size and full of liquid metal. The tank rotates around two separate axes at a rate of one and ten revolutions per second each. The precession dynamic should then indicate the possible origin of the Earth's magnetic field in the liquid core. A specialised VEM motor based on a design used for railways will be driving the tank – a motor that is compact enough for the job.
The Centre is currently having a special building constructed for the experiment. The tank will be spinning at high speed, so the foundations will need to be secured down to twenty-two metres below grade. The precession dynamo system is set to begin after this part has been completed, and will be performed as part of the DRESDYN project (DREsden Sodium Facility for DYNamo and thermohydraulic studies) at the Helmholtz Centre in Dresden Rossendorf. The company SBS Bühnentechnik ordered the motor from VEM.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
I just ran across the sentence "Unicorns don't have wings." It strikes me as a good example of the sticky problem of truth-conditions. We say that a statement is well-formed iff it describes a possible world. It is true iff it describes an actual situation in that possible world. You can say "Harry Potter has a scar" and this is true because in the possible world of Harry Potter (yes, we have a loose definition of "possible" here) he does have a scar. You can say "Harry Potter is married to Hermione," and although well-formed, this statement is false. The statement to be true need not describe this world, merely one that is "possible." In a possible world with unicorns, the statement "Unicorns don't have wings" is true.
Similarly, we can say "There is no such things as unicorns" and this statement is true.
But what if you say *"Unicorns don't have wings, and there is no such thing as unicorns." That doesn't even seem well-formed; it's neither true nor false, but meaningless. And if you reverse it, it's even more clearly ill-formed: *"There is no such thing as unicorns, and unicorns don't have wings."
I think the problem is that the two statements are not consistently describing the *same* possible world. To say "unicorns" is to presuppose the existence of unicorns, and to immediately shift to a possible world different from this one.
But wait. Let's say "The King of France drives a sports car." Fine, there might indeed be a possible world where the King of France drives a sports car, but in our world there is no King of France. My instinct is that this sentence doesn't invoke a possible world the same way that the mention of the unicorn does. Is it because we could plausibly assume that someone in our world might not realize that France does not have a king? If I say this sentence someone would be justified saying "Wait, there is no such thing as a King of France." If I say "Unicorns don't have wings," I'd find it at best oddly marked for someone to gravely inform me that there is no such thing as a unicorn.
What if I say "The king of France rides a unicorn." Huh, my instinct, purely my instinct alone, is that this is not as ill-formed as "The king of France drives a sports car."
Huh. Is there a semantic feature of certain words that invokes a possible world, thus asserting a different set of truth conditions? If so, what? +[mythological], maybe. That would mean that semantics interact with pragmatic schemata. But if that's the case, it'd seem possible and maybe even reasonable to imagine that other features might trigger other schemata. In fact, it seems — just guessing here, I'd have to figure it all out formally — but maybe semantic features are just schematic triggers or something of that nature.
Normal people lie in bed thinking about their bills. Me, it's semantics. I have a vague recollection of reading something along these lines in grad school. I should dig through my files and see if I can find it.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Many people invest a lot of money in order to go to college with the hope that they will eventually be rewarded with higher salaries. This paper attempts to determine what aspects of college are most important in determining the future income of students. In particular, this paper studies whether GPA is an important determinant of income as well as whether some majors are better investments than others after controlling for other factors. In addition, the effect of math and verbal ability on income and how they interact with different fields of study are studied. The data comes from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth database and ordinary least-squares regressions are used. The regressions show that grades, natural ability, and major all significantly affect income.
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text:
Medium and Heavy Trucks
Have Truck Repair Questions? Ask an Expert
Well it could be a bad sensor giving you the issues. The best thing to do is verify the oil level, and perform a manual gauge reading to determine what the oil pressure is. Not sure you have that option but if the truck is seeing low oil pressure the software could be cutting the fuel to a de-rated position. You will need to fix issue or bypass to get the power back but with out knowing the real pressure it a risky move.
Well it will depend on the sensor, and age of the truck. If it is a three or four wire sensor then most likely its using a 5 volt feed and a ground then using a third wire to send a small voltage back to the ecu between 1-4 volts. You will need to use resistors between the power (5v) wire and the signal wire to send a voltage reading lower than the 5 volts to ecu. You could also swap the sender if it has the same design like for instance a fuel pressure sender to see if it makes a difference. If its a two wire sender then its a open or close type so unplug and bridge the connectors or leave disconnected to see if light goes out.
there is no way of knowing that without the proper test first. You could ruin the engine or it could be just a sender failure thats why the manual reading is required.
best of luck, your welcome
hello, thank you for the update. Odd i would think the engine was just worked on or someone did that on purpose. The manual reading would have shown that your pressure was low so at least you know the system was working. Thanks for letting me know but sorry for your troubles.


text:
Scattering of a Gaussian Wave Packet on an Infinite Wall
Requires a Wolfram Notebook System
Interact on desktop, mobile and cloud with the free Wolfram Player or other Wolfram Language products.
Scattering of a Gaussian wavepacket on an infinite wall.
Contributed by: Michael Trott (March 2011)
Open content licensed under CC BY-NC-SA
function — view , , or initial position — the initial position of the center of the wave packet initial momentum — the initial momentum of the center of the wave packet initial spread — the initial spread of the wave packet time— time in
As distinct from bound state calculations, at spatial and temporal infinity many more things can happen in quantum mechanical scattering theories: normalization matters, flux versus probability density changes, and so on. This Demonstration treats the simplest possible example, the 1D scattering on a hard wall.
M. Belloni, M. A. Doncheski, R. W. Robinett. _URL_
"Scattering of a Gaussian Wave Packet on an Infinite Wall"
Wolfram Demonstrations Project
Published: March 7 2011


Daily Lessons for Teaching Saville
Buy the Saville Lesson Plans
Lesson 1 (from Part 1, Chapter 1 | Part 1, Chapter 2)
There is a clear tension between Harry and Ellen. The objective of this lesson is to define and analyze the tension in the Savilles' marriage.
1) Writing assignment: In their journals, student should respond to the following prompt: How would you describe the Savilles' marriage?
2) Class discussion: How does Harry feel about the house outside of Saxton? How does Ellen feel about the house? Why does she feel this way? How does Harry act towards Andrew? How does Ellen act towards Andrew? How do Harry and Ellen parent their son? What is Ellen's relationship like with her family? What does Harry think about Ellen's relationship with her family? What happens when Andrew falls ill? What decision do Ellen and Harry make about Andrew's illness? How do they reach this decision? What things do Ellen and Harry disagree on?
3) Pair work: In pairs, students will create an...
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Let's Make Robots!
Possible robot reactions
Mickey_Mouse's picture
To other users,
 I was wondering, is it possible for the robot to react at voice commands?
And what actions could a robot do generally?
Another batch of questions are: It says that a robot has a personality. Does it? In what way can we witness it?
Could it's actions be based on their personality or does it only apply to artifical intelligence?
I hope I can get some advice. Thank you.


text:
Carrying capacity as applied to deer can be defined as the number of animals which a given unit of land area can support without deterioration of the forage resource. A population is limited in size by the factor(s) which exerts the greatest resistance to continued growth. Food, cover, water, human interaction, and dogs are some of the more important factors limiting population growth of deer.
In Missouri forests, the carrying capacity for deer is most often limited by the quantity and quality of food. Preferred foods must not only be present in sufficient quantity, but their nutrient content and digestibility (or quality) must be considered when appraising carrying capacity. Protein is deficient in winter and phosphorus is deficient year round in several preferred foods of Ozark deer.
Summer foods are 1.5 times more digestible than winter foods; cellulose is over 4 times more digestible in summer than in winter. Thus, even when ample amounts of browse are available, deer may be poorly nourished. However, in winter, quantity of forage is a more important limiting factor than quality.
Energy may be the most important limiting factor in the forest. Deer are apparently in a negative energy balance and lose weight during most winter. Feeding studies of penned deer show that deer voluntarily decrease food consumption and lose weight during winter. Deer have apparently adapted through evolutionary time to poor quality and quantity of winter foods and depend on fat reserves deposited in late summer and fall to supply much of their winter energy needs.
Good summer and fall nutrition may be critical to winter survival and successful production of healthy fawns the following spring. Acorns are an important energy source during late summer and fall and this probably explains their heavy consumption rate by deer. A late summer drought followed by an acorn failure could be critical for deer in the Missouri Ozarks.
In some cases, deer populations never reach levels that fully utilize the available food. Here, limiting factors other than food cause low deer numbers. Free-running dogs, poaching, and lack of cover or water are examples of such factors.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Price signal
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
A price signal is information conveyed to consumers and producers, via the price charged for a product or service, which provides a signal to increase or decrease quantity supplied or quantity demanded. The information carried by prices is an essential function in the fundamental coordination of an economic system, coordinating things such as what has to be produced, how to produce it and what resources to use in its production.[1]
In mainstream (neoclassical) economics, under perfect competition relative prices signal to producers and consumers what production or consumption decisions will contribute to allocative efficiency. According to Friedrich Hayek, in a system in which the knowledge of the relevant facts is dispersed among many people, prices can act to coordinate the separate actions of different people in the same way as subjective values help the individual to coordinate the parts of his plan.[2]
Pricing power[edit]
Financial speculation, particularly buying or selling assets with borrowed money, can move prices away from their economic fundamentals. Credit bubbles can sometimes distort the price signal mechanism, causing large-scale malinvestment and financial crises. Adherents of the Austrian economics attribute this phenomenon to the interference of central bankers, which they propose to eliminate by introducing full-reserve banking. By contrast, post-Keynesian economists such as Hyman Minsky have described it as a fundamental flaw of capitalism, corrected by financial regulation. Both schools have been the subject of renewed attention in the Western world since the financial crisis of 2007–2010.[citation needed]
Price discrimination[edit]
See also[edit]
 2. ^ Hayek, Friedrich (1945). "The use of knowledge in society" (PDF). American Economic Review. XXXV (No. 4): 519–530.


text:
To the nearest hundredths, what is the pH at the end of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction if it were carried out in a 0.1 M buffer initially at pH 6.59, and 0.004 M of acid (H+) was produced during the reaction? (The buffer used was a polyprotic acid of the general form: H3A; the three pKas of this polyprotic acid are 2.13, 6.59, and 11.36.)
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text:
Keynote Presentation (Wednesday, July 22, 2009, 8:30pm)
Supervisor, Planning Software Systems Group, NASA JPL
What does driving robots have in common with Pac-Man? What can we learn about mission operations from a video game? Many video games are marvelous achievements in human-computer interaction that enable untrained players to pick up sophisticated controllers and immediately execute complex tasks. This talk explores the surprising similarities between computer games and mission control software and the inspiration that can be found in their juxtaposition.
Dr. Jeff Norris is the supervisor of the Planning Software Systems Group at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. His group develops operations systems for a variety of space missions including the Phoenix Mars Scout, Cassini Saturn Orbiter, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, and the Spirit and Opportunity Mars Exploration Rovers-- for which his team was co-winner of the 2004 NASA Software of the Year Award. He is currently leading the development of the uplink system for the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory Rover mission and operations software development within NASA's multi-center lunar Human Robotic Systems technology development project. Jeff founded the JPL OPS Lab, an advanced agile development facility for the design, development, and deployment of mission operations software and human-robot interaction technologies. Jeff helped operate the Spirit and Opportunity Mars rovers as a Tactical Activity Planner during the prime mission. He received Bachelor's and Masters degrees in Computer Science from MIT, a Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of Southern California, and lives with his wife and two children near Pasadena, CA.


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Dr. Peter Hedlin (MD), an assistant professor and clinical scientist in the Department of Anesthesiology, is leading a research project entitled, "Virtual reality, a viable tool for rural anesthesia skills enhancement."
Virtual reality allows rural physicians to practice anesthesiology scenarios in a simulated environment before encountering the situation in real life with a patient. Some situations are rare, such as local anesthetic toxicity, or malignant hyperthermia – when a patient has a severe reaction to anesthesia.
"The problem is these scenarios happen so rarely that it's hard to keep your skills up in those areas," Hedlin said. "For example, even in a five-year residency we may not see some of those clinical scenarios. So the question is, 'how do you keep someone's skills up for something you don't see frequently enough?'"
The Department of Anesthesiology recently awarded a $20,000 grant to the team, which also includes assistant professor Dr. Justina Koshinsky (MD), to explore an interest in virtual reality, and how it can be used to enhance the anesthesia skills of physicians practicing in rural communities.
"Developing a simulation curriculum, tailored around some of these rare events, potentially gives the users an opportunity to keep those skills up," Hedlin said. "Simulation also allows us to practice interpersonal and communication skills -- things you don't learn in a textbook."
With virtual reality technology, physicians only need a virtual headset and computer, and simulation facilitators can be in Saskatoon or Regina. Facilitators can monitor the simulation, conduct debriefs, answer questions, and moderate discussions. The virtual technology can also allow team and facilitator interactions.
Many simulation scenarios can be conducted in a collaborative fashion, with operating room nurses and surgeons – to build in practice for the whole team.
"When these clinical scenarios happen, they're stressful," Hedlin said. "It can be hard to stay calm and think straight during those times, so we get people to practice on a regular or semi-regular basis."
During the beginning of the pandemic, simulation centres in Saskatoon and Regina had to close in-person training with residents and medical students. As a result, they weren't able to benefit from the educational content usually delivered through the centres.
"Especially with COVID, it's got us thinking about how we can accomplish a lot of our tasks virtually," Hedlin said. "The kind of technologies that have come out during this time, everyone's trying to do as much as they can, without the direct face-to-face contact."
Finding alternative ways to conduct simulations was an idea Hedlin had been contemplating for a while.
In the anesthesiology residency program, there are family medicine-anesthesiology residents – physicians who are family doctors looking to receive further training in additional specialties. They spend one year training with the anesthesia department and then leave to establish their practices in the community.
The distance between communities and in proximity to the simulation centres in major cities in the province, makes it challenging for rural physicians to continue training to enhance their skills. Physicians would need to leave their communities and come to a city centre for simulation training – taking time away from their practice.
The next step is a pilot project. Hedlin and his team plan to identify a clinical scenario that can be programmed into virtual reality software. To make this happen, Hedlin is also looking for potential collaboration with computer science and other tech experts on the project.
Hedlin suggests, "If physicians feel that there's increased support and connection with colleagues in larger centres, they may view the rural locations as less isolated communities to practice medicine in."
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instructed to direct their gaze at a visual target at a vertical elevation of 30° and oVEMPs were then obtained ago.26

 Possible Limitations: This method does not account for head movement during testing as the neutral target was only established at the beginning of testing. It remains unclear how the plumb line was used and if any intersubject variability in head angle in the supine position was accounted for. The concern would be if the head was at different angles at "midline" would this alter each subjects range of gaze.
 3. Kantner and Gürkov studied the effects of commonly used upward gaze angles on oVEMPs.17 To standardize gaze, subjects were instructed to look upward at one of the markings on the wall, which were positioned 30 and 35 degrees above eye level at a distance of approximately 80 cm, and were asked to maintain maximal upward gaze, respectively. The researchers reported the position of the eye was regularly checked by the examiner during the measurements.

 Possible Limitations: This method does not account for head movement during testing. It does not explain what method was used by the examiner during regular checks to ensure the position of the eye during testing. It also does not explain how the researchers determined accurately what each subjects eye level was and how the target markings on the wall were moved accordingly.
Our proposal for standardizing gaze during oVEMP testing uses a chin rest (see below). Advantages of using a table mounted chin rest are that it is a standard piece of equipment for many clinical uses, is already available for purchase, and has a low cost. The eye level can be kept standardized by placing a marker on the side of the chin rest and moving the patients chair or chin rest accordingly to get each patients eye to the set target.
Figure 1
Alyson Earle: Dalhousie University Audiology Student
The gaze target must be located on a wall at least 30 degrees above eye level. To determine where to set your marker on the wall, measure the height of the eye level set target on the chin rest from the floor as well as the distance from the chin rest to the wall. For a 30o angle, the height of the gaze target is always tan (30o) or approximately 0.57735 the distance from the wall. For example, if the eye level set target is located 92 cm from the wall and 120 cm from the floor, the gaze target would be placed 53.12 cm (92 cm × 0.57735) above the eye level set target or 173.12 cm (53.12 cm + 120 cm) above the floor.
It is our recommendation that further research be conducted to determine which method is best to standardize gaze during oVEMP testing including this proposed method. Also, once finalized, a written detailed description of the methodology used would be beneficial to ensure consistency across examiners.
Figure 2
References
 1. Chihara Y, Iwasaki S, Ushio M, Murofushi T. Vestibular-evoked extraocular potentials by air-conducted sound: another clinical test for vestibular function. Clin Neurophysiol 2007;118:2745–51.
 2. Maruska KP and Mensinger AF. Directional sound sensitivity in utricular afferents in the toadfish Opsanus tau. J Exp Biol 2015;218(Pt 11):1759–66.
 3. Curthoys IS, Vulovic V, and Manzari, L. Ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) to test utricular function: neural and oculomotor evidence. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 2012;32(1):41.
 4. Curthoys IS. A critical review of the neurophysiological evidence underlying clinical vestibular testing using sound, vibration and galvanic stimuli. Clin Neurophysiol 2010;2(1):132–44.
 5. Curthoys IS, Manzari L. Evidence missed: ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential and cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential differentiate utricular from saccular function. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011;144:751–52.
 6. Manzari L, Burgess AM, Curthoys IS. Dissociation between cVEMP and oVEMP responses: different vestibular origins of each VEMP? Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2010;267:1487–89.
 7. Papathanasiou ES. Ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (OVEMPs): saccule or utricle? Clin Neurophysiol 2012;123:216.
 8. Welgampola MS, Carey JP. Waiting for the evidence: VEMP testing and the ability to differentiate utricular versus saccular function. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2010;143:281–83.
 9. Weber KP and Rosengren SM. Clinical utility of ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMPs). Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2015;15:22.
 10. Colebatch JG, Halmagyi GM, and Skuse NF. Myogenic potentials generated by a click-evoked vestibulocollic reflex. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 1994;57(2):190–97.
 11. Zuniga MG, Janky KL, Nguyen KD, et al. Ocular vs. cervical VEMPs in the diagnosis of superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome. Otol Neurotol 2013;34(1):121.
 12. Curthoys IS, Iwasaki S, Chihara Y, et al. The ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential to air-conducted sound; probable superior vestibular nerve origin. Clin Neurophysiol: Off J Int Fed Clin Neurophysiol 2011;122(3):611–6.
 13. Lempert T, Gianna CC, Gresty MA, and Bronstein AM. Effect of otolith dysfunction. Brain 1997;120:1005–13.
 14. Piker E. Update on cVEMP and oVEMP testing in superior canal dehiscence. Can Audiol 2014;1(4): Available at: _URL_
 15. Ropper AH. Illusion of tilting of the visual environment: report of five cases. J. Clin Neuro-ophthalm 1983;147–51.
 16. Govender S, Rosengren SM, and Colebatch JG. The effect of gaze direction on the ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential produced by air-conducted sound. Clinical Neurophysiol 2009;120(7):1386–91.
 17. Kantner C and Gürkov R. The effects of commonly used upward gaze angles on ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials. Otol Neurotol 2014;35(2):289–93.
 18. Rosengren SM, Colebatch JG, Straumann D, and Weber KP. Why do oVEMPs become larger when you look up? Explaining the effect of gaze elevation on the ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential. Clin Neurophysiol 2013;124(4):785–91.
 19. Shechtman D, Shallo-Hoffmann J, Rumsey J, et al. Maximum angle of ocular duction during visual fixation as a function of age. Strabismus 2005;13(1):21–6.
 20. Chamberlain W. Restriction in upward gaze with advancing age. Am J Ophthalmol 1971;71(1):341–46.
 21. Clark RA and Isenberg SJ. The range of ocular movements decreases with aging. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmol Strabismus 2001;5(1):26–30.
 22. Kantner C and and Gürkov R. The effects of commonly used upward gaze angles on ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials. Otol Neurotol 2014;35:289–93.
 23. Sandhu JS, George SR, and Rea PA. The effect of electrode positioning on the ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential to air-conducted sound. Clin Neurophysiol 2013;124(6):1232–36.
 24. Singh NK, Kadisonga P, and Ashitha P. Optimizing stimulus repetition rate for recording ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential elicited by air-conduction tone bursts of 500 Hz. Audiol Res 2014;4(1).
 25. Jerin C, Bartl K, Schneider E, and Gürkov R. Enhancing the reproducibility of ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials by use of a visual target originating from a head-mounted laser. Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngol 2014;1–4.
 26. Murnane OD, Akin FW, Kelly KJ, and Byrd S. Effects of stimulus and recording parameters on the air conduction ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential. J Am Acad Audiol 2011;22(7):469–80.
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About the authors
Janine Verge, AuD, Aud(C), Clinical Audiologist


A Brief History of Neckties
Following the event held the other week at Dashing Tweeds (4th July 2019) where I felt honoured to talk about the history of neckwear, which leads to neckties as we know it today. Also, unravelling the construction of ties and demonstrating the different knots that you can apply to your style now.
The new collection 'Work of Art: Well Dressed Man' was also showcased to our guests.
View the new collection here.
In the midst of my obsession with creating ties for myself because I couldn't find a tie I liked, which developed into the Shaun Gordon brand. I couldn't help wondering about where ties came from? And why were they worn in the first place?
The earliest discovery of neckwear as we know it was in China. During the reign of the first Emperor Qin Shih Haug-di (259-221 BC), he built 8000 sculptures of Terracotta soldiers in an underground chamber for the purpose of his reign in the after-life. It was noted that each soldier wore a scarf around their neck, which wrapped around once and tucked into their armour.
Another observation was in AD 113 in Rome, Emperor Traianus erected the column of Trajan, which has sculpted relief of 2500 around the circumference. Most of these military men wore neckwear around their neck, which were knotted and left the ends to drapes. It is believed that this is the earliest forefather of the four in hand knot because of the knot's shape and how the ends draped. Interestingly to note, the civilians did not wear neckwear as it was believed to be effeminate or meant you were sick!
However, it is commonly believed that today's tie ancestors stem from King Louis 13th (France) who fought alongside with the Croatian Cavalry Mercenaries against the Hamburg empire for 30 years (Hence the name of the war '30th Year War', 1618-48). The Croatian soldiers wore muslin neckwear, which they called the 'cravat'. This was worn by wrapping the cloth around their neck twice and ended with a simple knot with two short tails. During this time Charles 2nd was exiled in France and 9 years later when he returned to England to claim back his throne, he also inherits the French fashion and wore the cravat. In those times the Monarch was the style influencers and before you know it everyone from the courtiers to civilian wore the cravat. Depending on your social standing would determine what type of material you wore such as a prince would be seen wearing lace and a working class wearing muslin.
During the course of the 18th century, there were various trends and the one that stands out for me was the Macaronis, whose style was eccentricity on steroids! From the voluminous wigs, powered faces, big lapels, bold colour and pattern combinations and wore cravats that wrapped round their neck ten times with a big bow for extra 'punch'.
In contrast to George 'Beau' Brummell who inspires King George 4th during the early 19th century with a style, which speaks inconspicuousness. To paraphrase a quote of his 'If John Bull looks at you, then you are not well-dressed'. The idea behind Brummell style was to be understated and allow the form of clothes to complement your body with perfect balance. Therefore this meant no bold colours or design details that called to attention. The only expression of individuality was through the tying of your cravat. Bearing in mind, that he only wore white until he fled away from England due to being heavily in debt and wore black cravat as it required less washing.
Legends have it that it took Brummell 5 hours to get ready and with the continuous tying of his cravat contributed to this. As tying the cravat meant that it was not allowed to have any creases and the knot itself had to be perfectly placed in the middle. With every wrong attempt, Brummell would discard his linen cravat. And start again with a fresh one. Notice how he uses linen and linen by nature creases! The everyday gentleman with a family did not have time to wake up at 4am in the morning to perfect his cravat before heading out to work in the morning! Therefore, it opened up a market for craftsman and tailors to produce accessible neckwear, which complemented the increasing active lifestyle at that time
By the end of the 19th century there were three reigning neckwear's, which was the Bow-tie, the Ascot and the Necktie (formerly called the four in hand).
Though the necktie was the most popular of the three, it had shortcomings such as due to the tie being cut on the grain (straight), during the course of wear it would loosen and not stay in place. Hence the reason why they wore tie pins or clips. Then the problem was solved by Jesse Langsdorf (N.Y, USA) in 1926 by cutting the tie's fabric on the bias (45 degrees angle) and with three separate pattern pieces: Blade (Front), Neck (Middle) and Tail (Back).
I am presuming he created the patterns into three pieces to save on fabric wastage. The result of this gave the tie elasticity to accommodate the daily knots applied. This also gave the fabric more resilient to creases and allow the tie to drape straight without twisting.
As time went on wearing waistcoat became unfashionable and therefore, the necktie grew longer to meet the trouser's waistband. And there we have the early tie as we know it today.
I can only conclude with and hope that you walk away looking at the humble necktie in a completely different light. It really is an evolutionary work of art or craftsmanship, which I hope will be with us for many more decades to come.
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I was talking to someone about puns and she said that it's a play on words, e.g. "those two pears are a pear of green balls" (sorry about the awful example, I couldn't think of any others on the spot).
I argued that this is a pun:
John Lydon looked out of his bedroom window and said, "Ah, how I love country life". (John Lydon stars in a butter advert which has the phrase "country life" in it).
Which is a pun?
share|improve this question
See this good answer for a breakdown of types of puns. – Callithumpian May 20 '12 at 14:14
2 Answers 2
up vote 2 down vote accepted
"How I love the country life" is a pun, because in that context 'country life' has two meanings — life in the country and the margarine brand.
"Those two pears are a pear of green balls" doesn't look like a pun to me, as nothing in there has two meanings.
share|improve this answer
Both qualify as puns. I think you meant to say, "those two pears are a pair of green balls."
 - The first case is an example of paronomasia--wordplay that is based on homophonic or near-homophonic resemblance. The words pear and pair are exact homophones, as are whole and hole, words that sound alike, but are spelled differently and mean different things. A good example of paronomasia based on near homophones is Apple's new slogan for the ipad--Resolutionary (revolutionary).
 - The second case qualifies as a double entendre. The meaning of "country life" turns on two different senses, but not two different spellings.
Based on these remarks, you should now be able to classify this pun. A pun is its own reword.
share|improve this answer
All puns are paronomasia - OED:"Wordplay based on words which sound alike; an instance of this, a pun." Two words that sound the same in one sentence doesn't make a pun as there is no double meaning. Looking at the two pears and saying "that is a nice pair/pear" would be a pun. The second is not double entendre. A double entendre is a phrase with two meanings, one of which is usually risque, but the second meaning lies outside the phrase itself. "Children make nutritious snacks" has two possible meanings, but doesn't contain a word/phrase that has a double meaning, as'country life' does. – Roaring Fish May 20 '12 at 15:41
I down voted this question on the basis of what _USER_ had to say – Olly Price May 20 '12 at 15:57
The classic "pear/pair" double-entendre: Buxom young woman holding two watermelons: Can I interest you in these, sir? Man: Why, what a lovely pair! Woman: They're not pears, they're melons. Man: Whatever you call them, they are beautiful. – Andrew Leach May 20 '12 at 17:26
That made me laugh, brilliant. – Olly Price May 20 '12 at 20:29
_USER_: I think the downvote is harsh. I'd regard it as a pun (wordplay), even if it happens to be a rather low-quality pun. Collins defines pun as the use of words or phrases to exploit ambiguities and innuendoes in their meaning, usually for humorous effect; a play on words. Note the word "usually" in that definition. The fact that you misspelled the word "pair" indicates some basic level of punning. Had you said, "Those two apples are a pair of green balls," I'd see no pun at all, but I suspect you chose "pears" for a reason. – J.R. Nov 11 '12 at 12:28
protected by tchrist Nov 29 at 0:56
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Start of the saga of St. olafr showing St. Olafr killing the boar and a mermaid.
The original is held in the Arnas Magussonar Institute. The Icelantic sagas can be seen in the original in the Culture House Reykjavik.
Built between _PHONE_, Reykjavik's Culture House is home to temporary and permanent exhibitions tracing the country's history, including literature, politics, maps, state emblems and currency. The museum was originally built to house The National Library, The National Archives, The National Museum and The Museum of National History. Now, along with major exhibitions, the Culture House also has a comprehensive library room where you can see landmark books of Icelandic cultural history, including the oldest published versions of the Sagas of the Kings of Norway, the Eddic poems, Hallgrímur Pétursson's Psalms of Christ's Passion and Vidalín's Homilies.


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The Curious tale of Z and Cedilla.
Our modern cedilla symbol begun life as a "scribal ligature" which in plainer words means two characters combined into one by scribes as a kind of shorthand. The sounds cedilla represents in Roamnce language in one stage were written cz and had a Spanish nickname of cedilla or zedilla - the litte zeta. Originally the sound was probably "ts" and later became a "sh" sibilant sound partly due to the large number of Arabic and Hebrew speakers in Spain during the Islamic era.
It has been or is used in Spanish, Portugese, Catalan, Friuli and Occitan.
Beyond Europe it was adopted by several languages of the Turkkic family when they switched from Arabic and Cyrillic to Roman alphabets, Osmanli also known as Ottoman, Azeri, Tatar, Turkmen, and others.
While usuallu representing a sibilant one European Langaue Latvian uses it to mark Palatals to distinguish them from Velars and Nasals so it appears under g, K, L, and N.
Its use was much more common before IPA fonts were available.


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The fountains of Acqua Paola at the Gianicolo, also known as the Fontanone and recently seen in the Academy Award-winning film "The Great Beauty"; the Mosè in Piazza San Bernardo; the Peschiera in Piazzale degli Eroi, and the new Acqua Vergine at the Pincian Hill were reopened in the presence of the mayor of Rome, Virginia Raggi; the chairman and chief executive officer of Fendi, Serge Brunschwig, and Rome's Superintendent of Cultural Heritage, Maria Vittoria Marini Clarelli.
The overall cost of the project totaled 280,000 euros.
They are all part of the Fendi for Fountains initiative, whose acronym is a wink to the famous "FF" logo the late Karl Lagerfeld designed in 1965. The logo has represented an important communications tool for the brand, which is strongly linked to Rome and its magnificent artistic and cultural patrimony. In 1980, the Fendi sisters published a book devoted to the fountains of Rome, sharing their impressions of the structures' historical and artistic import.
The first Fendi for Fountains project was unveiled in January 2013, under the lead of then-ceo Pietro Beccari and Silvia Venturini Fendi. The landmarks were photographed that year by Lagerfeld for the project titled "The Glory of Water." The company spent 2.18 million euros on the restoration of the Trevi Fountain.
Fendi supported the restoration of the Baroque Trevi Fountain, a Roman fixture in countless movies, but perhaps most famously seen in "Roman Holiday" and Federico Fellini's "La Dolce Vita," which was newly unveiled in 2015, and served as the stage, for the first time, for a fashion show that marked the brand's 90th anniversary in 2016. That same year, Fendi said it would restore the other four fountains.
Expressing his pride in a "renewed collaboration between public and private sectors" that has allowed the fountains to return to "their original splendor," Brunschwig enthused about the fountains being "accessible again to the Romans and to the tourists from the whole word. Rome is an integral part of the Fendi DNA and its artistic and cultural heritage is to be preserved for future generations."
Executives and entrepreneurs at Italian luxury houses have been actively supporting the restoration of the country's landmarks. Examples include Tod's chief Diego Della Valle, who in 2010 pledged 25 million euros toward restoration work on Rome's Colosseum and Diesel's Renzo Rosso, who earmarked 5.5 million euros to restore the most famous bridge in Venice, the 16th-century Ponte di Rialto, through his holding OTB. After two years of work and a total investment of 1.5 million euros, Salvatore Ferragamo in March unveiled the restored Fountain of Neptune in central Florence and the Ferragamo family over the years helped restore eight rooms at the Uffizi Gallery, the allegorical statues on Ponte Santa Trinita, and the Column of Justice in the same square. Meanwhile, Gucci has turned to the botanical world for restoration projects, contributing 2 million euros to the renovation of the historic Boboli Gardens, also sponsored by the city of Florence and the Uffizi Gallery. Earlier this year, Gucci said it would contribute 1.6 million euros over two years to the restoration and conservation of Rome's Belvedere Garden at Villa Tarpea, and reorganization of the green area landscape located on the tufa rock of the Capitoline Hill. In May, it held its resort show at the nearby Capitoline Museums.


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Top/down or up/down construction methods are another method for constructing deep excavations. In this case the basement floors are constructed as the excavation progresses. The top/down method has been used for deep excavation projects where tieback installation was not feasible and soil movements had to be minimized. Figures 1 through 2 show construction photographs from two top/down excavations in Indonesia. The general top/down construction sequence is shown in Figure 3.. The Post Office Square Garage in Boston (7-levels deep) is one of the best-instrumented and documented top/down projects in the US (Whittle, et al., Whitman et al., 1991).
The sequence construction begins with retaining wall installation and then load-bearing elements that will carry the future super-structure. The basement columns (typically steel beams) are constructed before any excavation takes place and rest on the load bearing elements. These load bearing elements are typically concrete barrettes constructed under slurry (or caissons). The top few feet of a barrette with a steel beam can be seen in Figure 2. Then the top floor slab is constructed with at least on construction (glory) hole left open to allow removal of spoil material (Figs. 2, 3).
The excavation starting at the glory hole begins once the top floor has gained sufficient strength. Soil under the top basement floor is excavated around the basement columns to slightly lower than the first basement floor elevation in order to allow for the installation of the forms for the first level basement slab. Glory holes are left open within each newly formed basement floor slab and the procedure is repeated. Each floor rests on the basement columns that were constructed earlier (Fig. 2).
Figure 1:Top/Down Excavation (Pasar Baru Bandung, Project)
Figure 2: Menara Merdeka Project. Left: Looking up at a glory hole, Top right: Llowest most level note LBE on the left and the barrette, Bottom right: close up view the same barrette (LBE) and steel beam.
Figure 3: Top/down basic construction.
a) Slurry wall and basement column construction
b) Ground floor construction and pouring
c) Excavation and floor construction under and above the ground floor
d) Excavation & lowest basement floor completed
The Top-Down Construction in Indonesia
The top down construction in Indonesia was introduced for the first time in 1994. The project was the Bank Indonesia C-Building Projects (12 stories, and 3 basement), and PT. (Persero) Wijaya Karya was the main contractor.
In, 1995 another project was Menara Merdeka Building (30 stories, 3 basement) also built by top-down construction. The main contractor was joint operation of PT. (Persero) Pembangunan Perumahan and PT. (Persero) Wijaya Karya.
The developing of this method was introduced by Ir. Ign. Chen, and called the new concept as Up & Down Construction. The modification was the dismissing of diagprahm wall as the element of the basic top-down construction method. The first project that using the Up & Down Construction Company was Bandung Electronic Centre (BEC), 6 stories plus 2 basement, in 2002, and the main contractor was PT. (Persero) Pembangunan Perumahan.
The largest project in Indonesia that use the top-down construction was Pasar Baru Bandung Project , 2003. The huge building was consisted 120,000 sq.m, 10 stories plus 3 basement, and the time line for complishing the project was only 8 months. The main contractor was PT. (Persero) Pembangunan Perumahan.
The Project Manager of Pasar Baru Bandung, decided to deploy the Up & Down Construction with several modifications to take that challenge. The Pasar Baru Bandung was acomplished precisely at the time, and regarded as the fastest commercial building project at that time.
There were 6 top down construction projects until the year of 2005 in Indonesia:
1. Bank Indonesia C Building Projects - PT. (Persero) Wijaya Karya - Ir. Abbas Sudrajat
2. Menara Merdeka Building Project - PT. (Persero) Pembangunan Perumahan &
PT. (Persero) Wijaya Karya - Ir. H. Sugeng Haryono, MM (Project Manager)
3. Puri Mustika Hotel Building Project - PT. (Persero) Pembangunan Perumahan -
Ir. Andi Reman (Project Manager)
4. Bandung Electronic Centre (BEC) Building Project - PT. (Persero) Pembangunan
Perumahan - Ir. Anton Satyo Hendriatmo (Project Manager)
5. Pasar Baru Bandung Building Project - PT. (Persero) Pembangunan Perumahan -
Ir. Anton Satyo Hendriatmo (Project Manager)
6. St. Baromeus Hospital Bandung Project - PT. (Persero) Pembangunan Perumahan-Ir. Nurlistyo Hadi (Project Manager)


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COLLAGEN FROM FISH SCALES CAN HEAL WOUNDS, SINGAPORE STUDY FINDS
SINGAPORE, Collagen derived from fish scales could be used to used to heal wounds, Channel NewsAsia reported citing the findings of a study conducted by researchers at the Nanyang Technological University (NTU) and National University of Singapore (NUS).
The study included fish scales from fishes that are commonly cooked such as sea bass, snakehead and tilapia.
The scales, usually removed before cooking, contain collagen that can be chemically modified to be water-soluble and used for various biomedical applications, NTU said in a press release on Monday.
The modified collagen can also incorporate drugs to produce wound dressings with a higher healing potential, according to the findings from the team comprising associate professor Cleo Choong and associate professor Andrew Tan from NTU, and associate professor Veronique Angeli from NUS.
The modified collagen was later tested on mice and it was found that it helped improve the "potential for tissue repair and regeneration", according to the study that was published in the research journal Acta Biomaterialia.–NNN-BERNAMA
Source: NAM News Network


Appointment Bookings
Displays 3 progress bars to show how much of your schedule availability was utilized in the past or can be utilized in the time remaining.
 - Blue progress shows % of the total schedule that was booked
 - Red progress shows % of the total schedule that has been lost (no appointments scheduled)
 - White progress shows % that is still available to be filled
 - Current month is the center bar with larger text
 - Previous month is shown on top
 - Upcoming month is shown on bottom
 - The "booked" calculation is simply showing the potential revenue to be collected for scheduled work in that particular month.
 - The "available" calculation is taking an average $/hour over a rolling 90 day window based on work you have completed. So if, for example, you have 400 hours available remaining this month and your average $/hour has been calculated to be $75 from historical data, then you would show $30,000 as your potential available revenue.
Note: Your total "available" time is based off of your business hours. To set your business hours properly go to the schedule and then look for the settings along the top of the schedule (gear icon). Once inside the settings, you'll see the business hours on the first page.Frequently Asked Questions
 1. Does the dashboard remove time blocked by activities? Yes, any activity on the schedule will remove that scheduled time from the total available hours.
 2. Are recurring appointment reminders calculated at all? Not at this time. However, once the reminders are committed to work orders, then they will properly add to the equation.
 3. How can I "hide" a route from being involved in this calculation? In release 6.5.1 we added a "Service Route" toggle in every route setting page. Make sure that is checked off if you wish to remove it from the dashboard calculation.
 4. Is the dashboard taking into account my estimated/scheduled hours or the actual time on site if my technicians are checking in/out of appointments? Dashboard pulls from the actual hours on-site, so if you are utilizing the check in/out feature or are manually updating time logs then you are benefiting from those features. If you are not currently doing those actions, then the dashboard will pull from your scheduled hours.
 5. What happens if there are multiple appointments for the same order? The value for the order is only counted once (and only for Work Orders/Invoices, Estimates are not counted) and each appointment blocks the time as expected as long as it is marked as a "service route" (see question #3).


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Speech Rhythm of American English
How to make your speech more effective
Just like music, English speech has a beat. The combination of strong and weak beats creates the rhythm of English. English speakers expect to hear a certain rhythm when they listen to you. In Lesson 1, you will learn the two basics of creating a good rhythm. First, let's watch the video to see the overview of how to make your speech more effective.
Basic Rhythm 1: Syllable Stress in Words
A syllable is a part of a word that has a vowel sound. You create the basic rhythm by stressing and unstressing vowel sounds. Stressing the vowel sound means you say it louder, longer, and higher in pitch. Remember one syllable is stressed in words with two or more syllables. If you stress the wrong syllable, your listeners might not understand you. Look at the pictures below. Which syllable do you stress to say "two lips" and "tulips"?
Watch the video below and practice stressing one syllable in a word. Clap your hands along with the speaker.
Basic Rhythm II: Counting Syllables in a Word
Syllables are the number of beats in a word. Counting the number of syllables will help you became aware of the rhythm. Can you count the number of syllables in a word? Let's place your thumb under your chin. Count the number of times you move your jaw while you say a word. That will give you the number of syllables in that word.


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I wanted to describe that 「えっと」 was similar to "Ummm" in English when someone is trying to think about what they are going to say, but I wasn't even sure if that was correct. Is that just a generalization? What does 「えっと」actually come from? Can it be considered to be a word or phrase?
えっと is just a sound. Yes, it is like "umm" in English and it is used when you're thinking of what to say, hesitating, or otherwise trying to fill the silence with something before you speak. As Dono mentioned, you can find えっと's general form in the dictionary, so it can be considered a word.
There is some discussion of this on the internet here, but this discussion also boils down to it just being a sound.
えっと as just a sound is a satisfactory answer to me in terms of etymology. I'm not sure if the と in it is related at all to the quotation particle と, but I have to wonder if anyone is sure.
Basically your description of えっと as "umm" is fine, and the dictionaries define it as something that you say to think before saying something else.
えっと is related to 言えないと, which is no longer said. Over time,it's just become something we say to fill the silence when thinking, like "anno". In the Edo Times you would hear people say 言えないと, which would have sounded like, "yunaito" back then. Think of how 行かないと means "I have to go."


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Both on land and in the ocean, Chile and the United States share many characteristics, including scenic views, geographic features, ocean-current ecosystems and migratory and endangered species.
The United States and Chile are working together to better manage their marine protected areas under the U.S.-Chile Environmental Cooperation Agreement. With support from the U.S. Department of State and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the National Park Service (NPS) and the Chilean Ministry of Environment established a Sister Park Arrangement between Francisco Coloane Marine Protected Area in Chile and Glacier Bay National Park in the United States.
Through this partnership, Glacier Bay and Francisco Coloane will collaborate to hold workshops, staff exchanges, and other activities to improve the overall management of both parks and support the long-term protection of natural resources in both countries.
Both Francisco Coloane and Glacier Bay…


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Commonly referred to as "The Mixmaster," the Route 8/I-84 interchange consists of stacked viaduct structures carrying Routes 8 and I-84 and a series of elevated ramp structures. This Value Engineering (VE) study evaluated the rehabilitation of eight bridges, a proposed temporary by-pass road used as a key element for the Maintenance and Protection of Traffic (MPT), and the use of a temporary U-turn as part of the planned detour proposal.
The goal of the project was to extend the useful life of the structure for approximately 25 years—to allow for an interim fix—while the interchange was redesigned and rebuilt. One major design consideration for the proposed rehabilitation was the maintenance and protection of traffic. Due to the traffic volume which passes through this busy interchange daily, impacts to traffic resulting from construction activities needed to be considered.
The proposed design includes a temporary two-lane bypass roadway to maintain traffic along Route 8 NB (through traffic and traffic feeding I-84 ramps) during a complete deck replacement on Bridge No. 3190A. Due to the magnitude of work associated with this bypass roadway, the VE team chose this feature for further evaluation in the VE study.
The VE team studied the As Given elements and developed proposals for four alternatives.
The VE study was performed under Benesch's 5-year task-based services contract to provide constructability reviews, value engineering analysis and other related tasks associated with improving the quality of contract documents as part of the Department's Quality Assurance initiative.


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- Professional plant nutrition developed specifically for growing in coco coir
- Highly concentrated 2-part formulation
- Highly stable formula means reliable control of pH and EC
- Unique use of EDDHA and fulvic acid giving the plant optimum nutrient absorbtion
VitaLink Coir Max is a highly-concentrated A+B formulation tailor-made to get the best possible results when growing in coco coir. By understanding the unique properties of coco coir, we have been able to move away from grow and bloom formulations offering maximum simplicity in this single formulation that still delivers the same great results.
Directions for use
Recent transplants – Use at 1-2 ml per litre without the addition of any additional mineral additives for at least the first week after transplant. Remember to thoroughly water-in your pots with pH controlled nutrient solution prior to transplanting your seedling. Begin to increase the dose rate once you see your seedlings are actively growing.
Plant establishment – Use at 2-3ml per litre depending on what other mineral additives you are using. An establishing plant will be growing vigorously prior to setting flowers. Very vigorous plant species that can grow very large during its vegetative phase may be considered mature prior to flowering.
Mature Plants – Use at 3-4 ml per litre depending on what other mineral additives you are incorporating into your nutrient program. Mature plants are considered mature once the leaf area on the plant is roughly 3 times the floor area taken up.
Always maintain at least the minimum recommended dose rate for your plants' development. The base feed is the foundation of healthy plant growth. Carefully selected additive use can then maximize this potential but it can never replace it.
Available in 1L, 5L and 10L sizes.


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A complex character is a character who has a mix of traits that come from both nature and experience, according to fiction writer Elizabeth Moon. Complex characters are more realistic than non-complex characters.Continue Reading
According to Elizabeth Moon, the traits of complex characters are made up of both constants and variables. The constant traits are the innate ones, such as eye, hair or skin color. The way a character reacts to these traits adds to his personality. The variable traits come from life experiences and how the character reacts to those experiences. A character's reaction to a situation may change over time as he develops. Development also plays a large part in complexity; just like a real person, a character changes as the story goes on.
Angela Ackerman of Adventures in YA Publishing says that flaws play a large role in a character's complexity. Characters should not be perfect; they should have a few flaws that add to their personalities and make them more realistic. When characters interact with others, they may point out their flaws or ignore them, just as people do in real life. It is also important to know the reasons behind the flaws to make a complex and realistic character.Learn more about Literary Writing


Exterior decoration of the Temple of Mars Ultor
The Temple of Mars Ultor is generally held to be the first time that the Corinthian order was used in Roman architecture. Supported by an unusually high podium (3.55 m) made out of large blocks of Grottascura tufa stone faced in white Luna marble, the huge external order is anchored to the walls in square blocks and, as in many other buildings in the Forum, the constituent parts of the trabeation are made of several different sections.
Decorazione esterna del Tempio di Marte Ultore
The design features eight columns along the front and seven at the sides. They support a trabeation on top of which there is an architrave made up of three fascia (sections) divided lengthwise into two blocks with smooth moulding and a corbelled cornice, also divided into three blocks. The uppermost block comprises the sima (curved edge that acts like guttering) complete with spouts in the shape of lion's heads. The reconstruction displayed in the Museum makes it possible to appreciate the effect of these feline heads, attributed with the ability to ward of evil spirits or bad luck, all in a row and facing the sacred building, the fixed stare of their wide-open, bulging eyes underlining the fact that they are on guard.
The excavations carried out in 1988 and 1996 revealed that the grid pattern (corbels) on the ceiling above the peristyle which featured large central rosettes and other, random decorative elements all bore traces of paint, specifically the same Egyptian blue paint discovered in the Hall of Colossus. Despite the fact that the recycling of building materials used in the Temple began as long ago as the beginning of the 6th century AD, what remains of the structure is sufficient to identify the constituent elements of the order and let to appreciate on the one hand, the sophisticated evolution of the Corinthian capital and on the other, a certain sense that the way in which the lion heads had been carved was somewhat old-fashioned.


string.punctuation in Python
In Python3 string.punctuation — it is a pre-initialized string used as a string constant. In Python, string.punctuation will give all sets of punctuation marks.
Syntax: string.punctuation
Parameters: Doesn't take any parameter, since it's not a function.
Returns: Return all sets of punctuation.
Note. Make sure to import the string.punctuation library function to use string.punctuation
Code # 1:
# import string library function
import string

# Storage punctuation sets in variable result
result = string.pu nctuation

# Print punctuation values
print (result)
Output:
! "# $% & amp;' () * +, -./:;<= & gt;? @ [] ^ _ '{|} ~
Code # 2: Punctuation check code is given.
# import string library function
import string

# Input line.
Sentence = " Hey, Geeks!, How are you? "

for i in Sentence:

# check if a character is punctuation.
if i in string.punctuation:

# Print punctuation values
print ( "Punctuation:" + i)

Exit:
 Punctuation :, Punctuation:! Punctuation :, Punctuation:?


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- How much rain did Kansas City get yesterday?
- Why is rain important?
- What are the benefits of rain?
- How does rain affect the environment?
- What is the science behind rain?
- What are some interesting facts about rain?
- How does rain affect people?
- What are some common myths about rain?
- How can people prepare for rain?
- What are some things people can do during a rainstorm?
Wondering how much rain fell in Kansas City yesterday? Check out our blog post to find out!
Checkout this video:
How much rain did Kansas City get yesterday?
According to the National Weather Service, Kansas City received 0.83 inches of rain yesterday.
Why is rain important?
Rain is important because it is one of the main ways that water is delivered to Earth's surface. It is also a major source of fresh water for many plants and animals.
What are the benefits of rain?
The benefits of rain are many. It helps to replenish the water in the soil, which is important for the growth of plants. It also helps to clean the air by washing away dust and other particles.
How does rain affect the environment?
Precipitation, or the act of it raining, has many different affects on the environment. It all depends on how much rain is falling and how long it continues to do so. If there is a long period of light rain, plants will benefit as they will receive the much needed water to help them grow. Conversely, if there is a long downpour of rain, this can lead to flooding which can damage crops, homes, and lead to livestocks getting stuck in the mud and drowning.
What is the science behind rain?
The science behind rain is actually quite simple. Rain is created when the sun heats the earth's surface, which causes water vapor to rise into the atmosphere. When the water vapor condenses into tiny droplets, it forms clouds. When the tiny droplets become too heavy, they fall from the clouds as rain.
What are some interesting facts about rain?
-A single raindrop falls at around 20 miles per hour.
-A typical raindrop is around a millimeter in diameter.
-The biggest recorded raindrops were around 9 millimeters in diameter and fell in Brazil in 2014.
-The heaviest rainfall on record happened in Kyle, Texas, where 45 inches of rain fell in 24 hours.
-Global rainfall averages around 105 centimeters per year.
How does rain affect people?
People need water to survive. All of the water that a person needs
comes either from food or from drinkingwater. People can live without
food for several weeks, but without water, a person would die in just
a few days.
Water is not just important for people, but for all life on Earth.
Plants and animals also need water to live. In fact, almost all creatures
need water to some degree or another. Some creatures, such as fish, live
entirely in water. Others, such as many insects and reptiles, can spend
part of their life on land and part in water.
What are some common myths about rain?
There are a few common myths about rain. One is that it always rains more in the spring than any other time of year. This simply isn't true. While it might rain more frequently in the spring, overall rainfall amounts are about the same as any other season.
Another common myth is that global warming is causing it to rain more often and harder than it used to. Again, this isn't backed up by the data. In fact, precipitation patterns have been fairly consistent over the last century or so.
So why do so many people believe these myths? There are a few possible explanations. First, we tend to remember the heavy rains more than the light ones. Second, the media might be partially to blame. They often focus on extreme weather events, which can create the impression that they're becoming more common when they're not.
So next time you hear someone say it's been raining a lot lately, don't believe everything you hear!
How can people prepare for rain?
There are many ways that people can prepare for rain. Some people choose to buy a raincoat or an umbrella, while others may choose to bring extra clothes with them in case they get wet. Still others may choose to stay indoors during a rainstorm.
What are some things people can do during a rainstorm?
During a rainstorm, there are a few things people can do to stay safe and dry. First, it is important to avoid being outside in the storm if possible. If you must go outside, make sure to wear appropriate clothing and footwear to protect yourself from the wet conditions. It is also important to be aware of your surroundings and watch for hazards, such as downed power lines or flooding. If you are driving, Slow down and be extra attentive of your surroundings. Allow extra space between you and other cars, and be prepared to stop if necessary.


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Clean operating room:
Professional for health care workers to create a comfortable environment conducive to work to meet the process of air, temperature, humidity, wind speed laminar flow operating room is the use of air clean technology on microbial contamination to take different degrees of control, to control the space environment, air cleanliness Suitable for all types of surgical requirements; and provide appropriate temperature and humidity, to create a clean and comfortable surgical space environment.
Air cfu / m3: ≤10
Object surface cfu / cm3: ≤5
Health care workers hand cfu / cm3: ≤5
With the modern hospital conditions, environmental and medical quality of the continuous improvement and improvement, laminar flow equipment has been equipment, used in the operating room.
Streamhouse operating room - clean and comfortable working environment
Laminar operating room not only requires a high degree of clean air (the air entering the operating room first must be purified by a high efficiency filter), and requires the control of the flow direction of the air flow (ie, laminar flow cleaners), the air flow from the cleanliness The area of the surgical area flows to the area of low cleanliness and removes and discharges the dust particles (dust particles) and bacteria in the airflow; the laminar flow is a small, thin layer of air that is transported in the same direction at a uniform flow rate; The direction is divided into vertical laminar flow and horizontal laminar flow. Vertical laminar flow efficient filter is installed directly above the surgical bed, air vertical blowing, the air outlet is located in the four corners of the wall to ensure that the operating table cleanliness standards, the general use of vertical laminar flow Better laminar The operating room is a "positive pressure" environment whose air pressure varies depending on the requirements for different degrees of cleanliness in different areas (eg, between surgery, sterile preparation, brush, anesthesia, and surrounding areas) The
Different levels of laminar flow operating room of its air cleanliness standards are different, such as the US Federal Standard 100 laminar flow operating room standard per cubic foot of air ≥ 0.5μm dust particles, ≤ 100 or per liter of air ≤ 3.5 Stars. 1000 for each cubic foot of air ≥ 0.5μm the number of dust particles, ≤ 1000 or per liter of air ≤ 35 stars. And so on.
Different levels of laminar flow systems, the control space in the air exchange rate is also different, the higher the cleanliness level, the faster the replacement rate, and vice versa.
Laminar operating room wall application Special antibacterial paint with antibacterial effect, bright light, soft colors and no need to clean the water rinse.
2.1 low number of bacteria in the operating room and low anesthetic gas concentration. In the case of
2.2 for comfortable air (indoor temperature can be 15-25 ℃, humidity can be adjusted between 50-65%).
2.3 operating room positive pressure airflow (+23-25 Pa) to prevent the entry of foreign pollution. In the case of
2.4 operating room fresh air, Shuangjie, comfortable working environment. In the case of
2.5 laminar flow operating room, under normal circumstances without the use of physical or chemical methods for disinfection, both to save labor, but also exempt from adverse gas effects. In the case of
2.6 nosocomial infection rate (especially surgery and burn infection rate) greatly reduced. In the case of
2.7 noise: the laminar flow of the air handling machine (air supply, return air and other devices) and the operation of the air conditioning system issued by the sound, a laminar flow of the operating room of a noise, but also a major drawback of laminar flow operating room. Fortunately, the operation of the indoor volume of 42dB, no discomfort; but the operation of the external volume ≥ 65dB, the formation of noise interference. "Heart and quiet and sound more than", long-term, there is a tolerance and adaptation process.


Montenegro Letter Writing GuideEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
Revision as of 18:31, 23 July 2008 by Pysnaks (Talk | contribs)
In order to get genealogical information from Montenegro, it is necessary to determine where the records you need are located. To do this you first write to the archive to inquire where the records are. After receiving a reply you send a letter to the address given to you by the archive. It may be possible for you to get information by writing. However, you can expect to wait several months for a reply and it is also quite possible, that you will not receive an answer.
Following are two sample letters to guide you in writing genealogical inquiries. Type or clearly print your letter using these sample letters as a guide.
Use Sample letter A as a guide to write a letter asking where the records are located. Include two International Reply Coupons in your letter to cover their postage costs in answering you. You can obtain International Reply Coupons at your post office. The answer should include the address of the archive or registry office where the records you need are located.
Upon receiving the needed address, use Sample letter B to write a letter to the place where the records are kept. Again include two International Reply Coupons.
Please note the following when writing your letters:
Write dates in day-month-year order. For example: 12. aprila 1844 / oko [about] 1844. The names of months are not capitalized. The months in the possessive form used in writing dates are:
januara, februara, marta, aprila, maja, juna, jula, avgusta, septembra, oktobra, novembra, decembra.
Roman Catholic
Greek Catholic
Sample Letter A
Državni arhiv Crne Gore
Novice Cerovića 2
81250 Cetinje
Dragi Gospodine/Gospodjo!
Moj predak je rodjen [rodjena if the ancestor was a female] u Crnoj Gori.
Datum rodjenja:
Rodno mesto:
Želio bih da saznam podatke o njegovom (njezinom if the ancestor was a female) datumu rodjenja i venčanja. Takodje bih želio da saznam podatke o roditeljima moga predka. Molim Vas možete li mi napisati gde mogu da dobijem spomenute informacije?
Uz pozdrav і poštovanje,
Need additional research help? Contact our research help specialists.
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 1. Code
 2. iOS 8
iOS 8: Creating a Custom Keyboard in Swift
by
Difficulty:IntermediateLength:LongLanguages:
Starting with iOS 8, your applications can extend custom functionality and content beyond your app, and make it available to users while they're using other apps or the operating system. One way of extending the operating system is by creating a custom keyboard.
In this tutorial I'm going to show you how to make your own custom keyboard using Swift and the new app extension APIs. Before we do that, we are going to go over what a keyboard extension can do, what it can't do, and what it should to get approved for the App Store.
1. Overview
A custom keyboard replaces the system keyboard for users who want capabilities, such as a novel text input method or the ability to enter text in a language not otherwise supported by the operating system.
The essential function of a custom keyboard is simple, respond to taps, gestures, or other input events, and provide text in the form of an unattributed NSString object at the text insertion point of the current text input object.
After a user chooses a keyboard, it remains as the default one whenever they open an app. For this reason the keyboard must allow the user to switch to another keyboard.
There are two development essentials for every custom keyboard:
Trust. Your custom keyboard gives you access to what a user types, so trust between you and your user is essential.
A "next keyboard" key. The affordance that lets a user switch to another keyboard is part of a keyboard's user interface; you must provide one in your keyboard. - App Extension Programming Guide
If you only need to add a few buttons to the system keyboard, then you should look into custom views for data input.
2. Requirements & Limitations
What a Custom Keyboard Can't Do
There are certain text input objects that your custom keyboard is not eligible to type into. These include secure text fields for entering passwords and phone pad objects, such as the phone number fields in the Contacts application.
Your custom keyboard does not have access to the view hierarchy of the input, it cannot control the cursor, and is unable to select text. Also, the custom keyboard cannot display anything above the top row. The system keyboard isn't limited by these constraints. For example, it shows an extension when you tap a key to show the user what key was tapped.
The red line shows the top limit of a custom keyboard.
Sandboxing
By default, a keyboard has no network access and cannot share files with its containing app. To enable these capabilities, set the value of the RequestsOpenAccess key in the Info.plist file to YES. Doing so expands the keyboard's sandbox as described in Apple's App Extension Programming Guide.
If you do request open access, your keyboard gains the following capabilities, each with a concomitant responsibility:
 - access to location services and the address book database, each requiring the user's permission on first access
 - option to use a shared container with the keyboard's containing app, which enables features, such as providing a custom lexicon management user interface in the containing app
 - ability to send keystrokes and other input events for server-side processing
 - access to iCloud, which you can use, for example, to ensure that keyboard settings and your custom autocorrect lexicon are up to date on all devices owned by the user
 - access to Game Center and in-app purchase through the containing app
 - ability to work with managed apps if you design your keyboard to support mobile device management (MDM)
Be sure to read Apple's Designing for User Trust document, which describes your responsibilities for respecting and protecting user data in case you request open access.
3. How It Works
In the most basic form we have an application that contains a keyboard extension and a UIInputViewController that controls the keyboard and responds to user events.
The Custom Keyboard template contains a subclass of UIInputViewController, which is the primary view controller of your keyboard. Let's look at the interface to get a feel of how it works.
 - inputView is the view used for the keyboard, it is the same as the view property
 - dismissKeyboard method can be called to dismiss the keyboard
 - advanceToNextInputMode is used to change between keyboards
 - textDocumentProxy is the object that you'll use to interact with the current text input
 - UIInputViewController conforms to the UITextInputDelegate protocol, notifying you when the text or text selection changes through the the selectionWillChangeselectionDidChangetextWillChange and textDidChangeevents
4. Making a Calculator Keyboard
Let's create a custom keyboard to make all this a little bit more tangible. We'll make a simple keyboard that can handle numeric input and simple operations. We're going to use a XIB file for the keyboard's user interface.
Step 1: Create a New Project
Open Xcode 6, create a new Single View Application and select Swift as the programming language. Name it CalculatorKeyboard.
Step 2: Add a Text Field
Open Main.storyboard and drag a text field from the Objects Library. We'll use this to test the keyboard later. Center the text field and add the necessary layout constraints as shown below.
If you call textField.becomeFirstResponder() in viewDidLoad the keyboard will open when you start the app.
Step 3: Add the Keyboard Extension
Select the project file in the Project Navigator and add a new target by clicking the plus button at the bottom.
Select Application Extension on the left, choose the Custom Keyboard template, and name it Calculator.
This will create a new group named Calculator, containing two files KeyboardViewController.swift and Info.plist.
Step 4: Cleaning Up
Open KeyboardViewController.swift. The template keyboard has one button, letting the user switch between keyboards. Remove the code in the viewDidLoad method.
Step 5: Creating the User Interface
Right click the Calculator group and select New File.... Select the User Interface section on the left, choose the View template, and name it Calculator. This should create a file named Calculator.xib.
Open the XIB file and, in the Attributes Inspector on the right, set the size to Freeform and the status bar to None.
In the Size Inspector set the width of the view to 320 and the height to 160.
Drag a button from the Objects Library to the view. In the Attributes Inspector, set the title to 1. In the Size Inspector, set the button's width and height to 30. Move the button to the top right corner of the view until it aligns with the margins.
Copy the button by clicking and dragging the button while pressing the Option key. Position the second button below the first one.
Select the buttons by pressing Command-A and copy the buttons. Position the new buttons below the first and second button.
Repeat the process to create another column of buttons until you have four columns of buttons.
Next, select the column on the left and make a copy that aligns with the left border of the view.
Set the width of the buttons to 140 points. Replace the top left button with a label that has the same size as the button. Rename the buttons like in the screenshot bellow.
Give the view a blueish background color and set the background color for the buttons to white with an opacity of 15%. And for the display label, make it black with an opacity of 15%. Set the text size to 18 points for every user interface object and set the text color to white. The user interface should now look like this:
Step 6: Loading the User Interface
We first need to create a property in which to store the user interface.
Create a method named loadInterface and call it in the viewDidLoad method of the KeyboardViewController.
Step 7: Testing the Keyboard
At this point you should be able to test your new keyboard. With the CalculatorKeyboard scheme selected, build and run the application on your device. This will add a new keyboard to your device. However, before you can use it you first need to install it.
Go to Settings > General > Keyboard > Keyboards and select Add new Keyboard. There you'll find the Calculator keyboard in the list of third-party keyboards. Select and install the keyboard. The next time you open the keyboard you should be able to see your new keyboard by pressing the next keyboard button.
If you are using the iOS Simulator, the custom keyboard might not work inside your app. To see the keyboard press home and open Spotlight.
Step 8: Next Keyboard
Create a property for the next keyboard button in the KeyboardViewController class.
Open Calculator.xib , Select File's Owner, and in the Identity Inspector change its class to KeyboardViewController.
Right click on the Next Keyboard button and connect a referencing outlet to the File's Owner.
In the loadInterface method, we add an action to the nextKeyboard button as shown below.
Step 9: Number Display
Create a property for the display and connect the referencing outlet in Interface Builder.
Create a method named clearDisplay and call it in the viewDidLoad method, after invoking loadInterface. The display should now show 0 when you open


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The optical waveguide grating coupler sensor chip is based on a fine optical grating prepared on a thin waveguide layer carried by a glass substrate. The optical grating couples the light of a He-Ne laser at a given resonance angle into the waveguide layer. This incoupling angle is very sensitive to the presence of adsorbed molecules and to any change of refractive index of the medium covering the surface of the grating. By precise measurement of the incoupling angle, the density of the adsorbed material can be determined with ultra high sensitivity.
OW 2400 sensor chips are used in the high-resolution OWLS label-free biosensor system or for excitiation of fluorescent labeled molecules.


text:
The history that we recount in this section is a summary of information culled from various web sites and Wikipedia. We are well aware that these might be problematic reference points were we doing a traditional historical analysis, but what we offer here is the history of the mall as it is told in the context of the Dixie Square Mall meme.
The Dixie Square Mall was built on an old golf course off of the Dixie Highway in Harvey, Illinois (Pleasant Family Shopping). When it held its Grand Opening in November of 1966, it was one of the first enclosed malls in the Chicago area. In addition to the anchors JC Penny and Montgomery Wards, the Mall housed 50 stores. The first few years of the Mall were very successful, so much so that an additional anchor, Turn Style, was added to the Mall, bringing the total square footage of the Mall to 800,000 (Dixie Square History).
In spite of this early success, the city of Harvey began experiencing economic decline in the 1970s, which in turn depressed the business at the Mall. In addition, crime in the area increased, and the Mall was associated with some violent events. In 1968, two men were arrested in the Mall's parking lot for distributing pornography. Four years later, a young woman was shot and killed in her car while in route to the Mall, and she was only a few blocks away when she was shot. In 1973, a man was robbed and shot to death in the Mall parking lot. That same year, a 13-year-old girl was lured from the Mall by three other adolescent girls, who led her to a nearby abandoned apartment. There they tortured her and strangled her to death (Dixie Square History).
Because of these and other events, occupancy rates at the Mall declined significantly, and it was shuttered in 1978, a mere 12 years after it was opened. The Mall was used briefly as a temporary school, and, of course, the Mall was used to film The Blues Brothers (Labelscar). With those two exceptions, the Mall has remained abandoned, and the building has been left unsecured. In spite of the presence of a police station in close proximity, the Mall continued to be a scene of violent crime. For example, Raymond Eaves was convicted of raping and murdering Denise Shelby in the abandoned Mall in 1993; at the time of the rape, he was facing charges for raping a mentally disabled girl in the Mall three months prior (Dixie Square History). There have been many unsuccessful attempts to raze or rehab the abandoned building, but on September 23, 2010 it was reported that Harvey had obtained a $4 million federal grant to demolish the Mall (Bowean, 2010). Demolition began in February of 2012 (Rhodes, 2012).
At this point, it is important to note how the history of the Mall is conveyed in the meme. Although the Mall begins as a success, it soon turns into an unsafe place, particularly for women. The events that mark the decline of the Mall are often (although not exclusively), crimes in which women were the victims. In terms of sexual violence, the cases extend from the symbolic, when the Mall is used as a site for the distribution of pornography, to the literal, when the Mall is the scene of actual rape.
Although the Dixie Square Mall meme may be conveying actual historical events, we cannot ignore the gender dynamics of these events. As Susan Brownmiller (1975) has argued, the threat of sexual violence is a means of asserting male dominance and extending patriarchal power, and therefore it seems this history, as told by this meme, is a reassertion of this power. Women were driven from a space where they once exercised power because this space became unsafe for women. Even those cases in which sexual violation did not occur, or the crime was perpetrated by teenage girls, the crimes still portray the Mall as a space in which women were no longer safe. In the Dixie Square Mall, women's power was displaced by violent aggression, and the rapes that occurred after its closure served to ensure that women did not return.


text:
I need to convert utterance strings into vectors where each dimension of the vector represents a unique word, while reading the script from an m.file. So for example if I have, out='hello''my' 'name' 'is''sam'. I want a vector with binary numbers where hello is true and everything else is false.
Solution would be output=[1,0,0,0] How can I do this? Here is what I have so far
>> splitstring=textscan(ans, '%s');
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_USER_ {, title = {Potential environmental impacts and economic damages of Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) in western Nevada and northeastern California}, journal = {WEED TECHNOLOGY}, volume = {14}, year = {2000}, month = {JUL SEP}, pages = {511-518}, abstract = {Eurasian watermilfoil, an aquatic invasive weed, has been identified recently at a number of sites in western Nevada and northeastern California, including Lake Tahoe. Because Eurasian watermilfoil is easily spread by fragments, transport on boats and boating equipment plays a key role in contaminating new water bodies. This is an important means of the potential spread of this weed throughout key recreational and agricultural areas surrounding Lake Tahoe. Unless the weed is controlled, significant alterations of aquatic ecosystems, with associated degradation of natural resources and economic damages to human uses of those resources, may occur. This research uses the economic valuation approach known as benefits transfer to estimate the value of a portion of the recreational service flows that society currently enjoys in the Truckee River watershed below Lake Tahoe. The lower-bound estimates of baseline water-based recreation value at a subset of sites in the watershed range from $30 to $45 million/yr. Impacts from the continued spread of Eurasian watermilfoil in the watershed could be significant; for example, even a 1\% decrease in recreation values would correspond to roughly $500,000/yr as a lower bound.}, author = {Eiswerth, M. E. and Donaldson, S. G. and Johnson, W. S.} }


Minh Quang Chau*
Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh city, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
*Corresponding Author Email: _EMAIL_
When machining a 3D surface with a variable curved profile, we will have to use a ball-end milling cutter. With this type of cutter, depending on the position of the tool's contact with the machining surface, the size and direction of the cutting force, cutting speed, cutting temperature, etc. will be different. The cutting speed varies from maximum to zero at the tip, so in the vicinity of the workpiece material is not cut but destroyed by deformation. This causes the deformation of the cutting tool to constantly change, greatly affecting the machining accuracy as well as the surface quality of the part. This error is a big problem for mechanical manufacturers because there are no specific studies so that they can make appropriate adjustments to the process of compiling the processing program. Therefore, there should be further studies on deformation of cutting tools. The research method is to use mathematical tools and calculation software to establish the relationship between shear force, surface roughness, transform the cutting tool's position with technological parameters and machining surface geometry parameters. The paper focuses on building the cutting section model when milling 3D surfaces with the ball-end milling cutters. Simultaneously assess the parameters of cutting force and machining surface error when milling the 3D surface with a milling cutter.


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On a cold and overcast day we ventured within the old boundaries of Gwent to the Pontypool and Blaenavon Railway, which is a 2-mile (3.2 km) volunteer-run heritage railway. The railway runs trains between a halt platform opposite the Whistle Inn public house southwards to the town of Blaenavon via a two-platform station at the site of former colliery furnace of the Big Pit National Coal Museum.
The line began in 1866 by the Brynmawr and Blaenavon Railway to transport coal from the fertile mines to the Midlands via the Heads of the Valleys line. The line was completed in 1869 and commenced operating passenger trains the following year. Several years later it was extended to meet the Great Western Railway at Abersychan & Talywain. Here the line carried on down the valley through Pontypool to the coast at Newport.
By 1938 many of the coal mines had ceased production having exhausted coal reserves and many of the branch lines were removed in 1937. The line was closed to passengers, not during the Beeching Cuts which befell many train routes, but due to the exigencies of the Second World War. Blaenavon shed closed in 1942 and eventually goods also ceased in 1954. The line was retained for wagon storage until 1953. The declining situation continued through the 1950s, leaving only Big Pit as the primary exporter of coal.
Although the track along the whole route to Brynmawr was finally lifted in July 1961, the section from Blaenavon to Pontypool was still in use for coal trains until Big Pit finally closed in 1980. The line from Cwmbran was dismantled right up to Blaenavon High Level station whilst the washery and other colliery buildings were demolished during 1987. Much of the railway today has now become part of the National Cycle Network Route 46.
We had our own carriage, and as we looked out the window towards the slate grey hills and rolling clouds we observed birds of pray circling this inspiring industry-built landscape. Afterwards we had a cup of coffee in the station house café and one of the volunteers told us a little about the railway and how busy it can get in the summer and Christmas during special events. We had come at a good time she said, just before the busy season. It truly felt like a step back in time.


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Breakthrough innovation and economic growth
Extraordinary technological breakthroughs over the last 300 years have touched almost every aspect of human activity and transformed the world's economies. The 2015 report shows how three historical breakthrough innovations – airplanes, antibiotics and semiconductors – fueled new business activity. It examines three current technologies with breakthrough potential: 3D printing, nanotechnology and robotics. And it considers the future outlook for innovation-driven growth.


text:
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Science Fundamentals: Habitats DVD
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Plant and animal life is unique to each area in the world because of the diversity among land regions. In this program viewers will learn about and come to value what each part of our world has to offer. Through studying the various habitats found on Earth students will develop an understanding and appreciation for the diversity that surrounds us. By doing this we can begin to teach people how to prevent further endangerment, or even extinction of certain species. By viewing the video and discussing the concepts presented, students will enhance their knowledge about the habitats found on Earth. Each habitat and region will be introduced and its properties discussed.After viewing the HABITATS program students will be able to:
Appropriately use introduced vocabulary in writing and discussion
Identify and list characteristics of various habitats found on earth
Specify adaptations made by plants and animals in various habitatsGrade Level: 2-6. 15 minutes.
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 Bibliographic References
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The Usage Model: Describing Product Usage during Design and Development
May/June 2006 (vol. 23 no. 3)
pp. 34-41
Erik Simmons, Intel
User-centered design influences product differentiation, especially in competitive markets. For industrial and interaction designers to be effective, they require a rich description of product usage and the resulting requirements. Historically, people involved in system design and development have described product usage in various ways, some more successful than others. Among the more common formats for capturing usage are use cases, scenarios, and concept-of-operations documents. Several years ago, Intel designers began to use the term usage model to describe product use in a stated context. While the concept was appealing and intuitive, agreeing on the usage model's structure and content proved far more challenging. A recently established usage model structure has three separate tiers: supporting data, overview, and usage details. Teams can use the description throughout product planning, design, development, and validation.
This article is part of a special issue on requirements engineering.
Index Terms:
usage model, user-centered design, use case, scenarios
Erik Simmons, "The Usage Model: Describing Product Usage during Design and Development," IEEE Software, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 34-41, May-June 2006, doi:10.1109/MS.2006.87


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Broad L Broad L
Let's have a look at the variations of the broad L sound in Gaelic.
The broad L sound is made by resting your tongue behind your front teeth while pronouncing the letter, and occurs when the L is next to an a, o, or u. The broad L can be heard in latha (a day):
a good day
The broad L can be heard in the middle of a word in balach (a boy):
Finally, the broad L can be heard at the end of words such as ceòl (music), as well:


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This page is about the Automatic Activation Device for parachutes. For the tree family, see Cupressaceae. For the Mediterranean island, see Cyprus. For the law doctrine, see Cy-près doctrine.
CYPRES 2 Student panel
CYPRES is an acronym for Cybernetic Parachute Release System. It refers to a specific make and model of an automatic activation device (AAD), a device that automatically activate a parachute (typically as a reserve system for a skydiver) under certain circumstances. A CYPRES is designed to activate the reserve parachute at a preset altitude if the rate of descent is over a certain threshold. The manufacturer of the CYPRES is Airtec.
The CYPRES works by using a cutter to cut the reserve container closing loop. A spring-loaded pilot chute then leaves the container and breaks through the skydiver's slipstream to begin reserve deployment.[1]
The CYPRES comes in four different models: Expert, Student, Tandem and Speed. The basic operation of the units is the same; only the activation parameters are different, having been optimized for different types of skydiving.
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