text:
The swale (small trench) running left to right in front of you is a remnant of the old Lander Trail. It is unknown if this swale formed by repeated wagon use or during trail construction. Unlike all previous western emigrant trails - which evolved from Indian trails - the US Government surveyed, engineered, and constructed the Lander Trail New Wagon Road
In 1858, a crew of 115 men built 230 miles of new trail. They moved more than 62,000 cubic yards of dirt and rock - equal to 6,000 modern dump truck loads - and cleared 34 miles of heavy timber and willows. Construction cost $40,260, finished ahead of schedule, and came in under budget.
1850s Road Construction
Using techniques learned from building railroads back east, laborers first used mules for driving plows to break up the hard soil here. They then moved and leveled the dirt with mule-drawn buck and scoop scrapers. Men with picks and shovels also helped in rocky patches.
According to road superintendent Lander, laborers were paid $30 per month. Lander formed a road construction crew made of "lumbermen and bridge builders" from Maine, Mormons for Salt Lake City, Utah, and "destitute men who we met along the road" that he felt "compelled to feed and shelter."


text: Assume that K is an arbitrary field. Let (I,⪯) be a poset of finite prinjective type and let KI be the incidence K-algebra of I. A classification of all sincere posets of finite prinjective type with three maximal elements is given in Theorem 2.1. A complete list of such posets consisting of 90 diagrams is presented in Tables 2.2. Moreover, given any sincere poset I of finite prinjective type with three maximal elements, a complete set of pairwise non-isomorphic sincere indecomposable prinjective modules over KI is presented in Tables 8.1. The list consists of 723 modules.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
ABU DHABI ARROWHEAD FIND NEAR OILFIELD
The study of the archaeology of the UAE began only in the late 1950s. Until then, it was wrongly believed that the UAE's arid deserts and mountains had played only a peripheral role in human development in the region. Extensive research by both local and foreign archaeological teams, including much undertaken in the deserts and coastal areas of Abu Dhabi in close association with Envionment Agency Abu Dhabi (EAD), has shown, however, that the UAE has played an important part in the emergence and development of maritime trade throughout the Gulf and the Indian Ocean for around 7,500 years.
Thus this new discovery of a flint arrowhead, about 3 cm long, dating back to the Late Stone Age or Neolithic period just south of the Sahil oilfield, 120 kms south-west of Abu Dhabi city during work undertaken for the Environment Agency - Abu Dhabi (EAD) underscores the possibility that there are many more finds to be made in the region.
The item has been identified by a leading expert on the UAE's Late Stone Age, who has noted that arrowheads of this type were widely manufactured locally between the 6th to 4th Millennium BC. The raw material used in the manufacturing of this arrowhead may originally have come from the western slopes of the mountains, in the border area between the UAE and Oman.
While similar artifacts have been reported from elsewhere in the desert areas of Abu Dhabi, for example near the Bab oilfield and south of the Liwa Oasis, this is the first artifact of its type known to have been collected in the immediate vicinity of the Sahil and Asab oilfields, both operated by the Abu Dhabi Company for Onshore Oil Operations (ADCO).

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


death under Japanese law is cited as the following:
Brain death will only be declared if organic injury is observed in the brain with attributable cause and if the following criteria are met:
Deep coma
Dilated and fixed pupils
Loss of brain stem reflex
Flat brain waves
Loss of spontaneous respiration
Two or more doctors with requisite expertise and experience confirm no changes after a second test conducted six or more hours later.
Japanese organ transplantation network
There are ongoing campaigns to either change the law in Japan to allow donations from a wider pool of donors and campaigns to raise awareness. The green ribbon campaign works with one core principle:
Yes is okay. No is okay. It is your intention [choice].
Green ribbon campaign
This campaign shows the difference organ donation has on many lives and has a section on the website to share the stories of recipients so you can see what a difference it has made.
Families that have not been able to receive a new organ have only a few options.
Firstly, do nothing. For patients who need a major organ (heart, liver, lungs etc) they can choose to do nothing. This would result in their death.
Secondly, secondary care options e.g. dialysis for kidney issues. The problem with this option is the expense. Dialysis costs 6 Million yen a yearfor the rest of their liveswhereas transplantation costs 6 Million yen and only requires blood tests and doctors appointments instead. This is a cheaper option which takes us to option 3.
Travelling abroad in hopes of paying for a transplant. This method is expensive as in remortgage your house expensive. The problem is that no country has a stockpile of spare organsbut these organs need to be sources from somewhere. This may be the black market or taking organs from others in that country that also need them.
This is an extremely complicated issue in Japan where tradition and human life fight against each other. Japanese law was changed in 2010 and even though may younger Japanese are filling out organ donation forms and, as an outsider, I feel more still needs to be done in order to help more people survive.
What do you think about organ donation in Japan?
Thank you for reading and happy exploring.
Disposition in Japan
Definition: disposal of human remains in Japan
Global disposition options
Other global options
 - Immurement: being placed into a mausoleum or tomb
 - cannibalism*
Disposition in Japan
Problems with cremation in Japan
Other options for cremains (cremated remains)
 - Internment in a home shrine (extremely traditional)
 - Internment in a sky scraper grave
 - Interment in another mass memorial
 - Interment is a communal grave (extremely cheap option)
 - Interment in a company grave
 - spread on the winds (not really practiced in Japan)
 - Shot into space (a small part of you only)
 - up-cycled into jewelry, pictures etc
The Japanese problem
Thank you for reading and happy exploring.


Dynamite: Dynamic Monitoring Interface for Task Ensembles
Abstract
In many applications from telephone fraud detection to network management, data arrives in a stream, and there is a need to maintain a variety of statistical summary information about a large number of customers in an online fashion. At present, such applications maintain basic aggregates such as running extrema values (MIN, MAX), averages, standard deviations, etc., that can be computed over data streams with limited space in a straightforward way. However, many applications require knowledge of more complex aggregates relating different attributes, so-called correlated aggregates. As an example, one might be interested in computing the percentage of international phone calls that are longer than the average duration of a domestic phone call. Exact computation of this aggregate requires multiple passes over the data stream, which is infeasible. We propose single-pass techniques for approximate computation of correlated aggregates over both landmark and sliding window views of a data stream of tuples, using a very limited amount of space. We consider both the case where the independent aggregate (average duration in the example above) is an extrema value and the case where it is an average value, with any standard aggregate as the dependent aggregate; these can be used as building blocks for more sophisticated aggregates. We present an extensive experimental study based on some real and a wide variety of synthetic data sets to demonstrate the accuracy of our techniques. We show that this effectiveness is explained by the fact that our techniques exploit monotonicity and convergence properties of aggregates over data streams.
Publication
Proc. of IEEE VAST Challenge (Award: Notable Support for Streaming Analysis)
Related


4112-8-01 Definitions for accessing confidential personal information.
For the purposes of administrative rules promulgated in accordance with section 1347.15 of the Revised Code, the following definitions apply:
(A) "Access" as a noun means an instance of copying, viewing or otherwise perceiving whereas "access" as a verb means to copy, view or otherwise perceive.
(B) "Acquisition of a new computer system" means the purchase of a "computer system," as defined in this rule, that is not a computer system currently in place nor one for which the acquisition process has been initiated as of the effective date of the commission addressing requirements in section 1347.15 of the Revised Code.
(C) "Computer system" means a "system," as defined by section 1347.01 of the Revised Code, that stores, maintains or retrieves personal information using electronic data processing equipment.
(D) "Confidential personal information" (CPI) has the meaning as defined by division (A)(1) of section 1347.15 of the Revised Code and identified by rules promulgated by the commission in accordance with division (B)(3) of section 1347.15 of the Revised Code that reference the federal or state statutes or administrative rules that make personal information maintained by the commission mandatorily confidential.
(E) "Employee of the Commission" means each employee of the commission regardless of whether he/she holds an elected or appointed office or position within the commission.
(F) "Incidental contact" means contact with the information that is secondary or tangential to the primary purpose of the activity that resulted in the contact.
(G) "Individual" means a natural person or the natural person's authorized representative, legal counsel, legal custodian or legal guardian.
(H) "Information owner" means the individual appointed in accordance with division (A) of section 1347.05 of the Revised Code to be directly responsible for a system.
(I) "Person" means a natural person.
(J) "Personal information" has the same meaning as defined in division (E) of section 1347.01 of the Revised Code.
(K) "Personal information system" means a "system" that "maintains" "personal information" as those terms are defined in section 1347.01 of the Revised Code. "System" includes manual and computer systems.
(L) "Research" means a methodical investigation into a subject.
(M) "Routine" means commonplace, regular, habitual or ordinary.
(N) "Routine information that is maintained for the purpose of internal office administration, the use of which would not adversely affect a person" as that phrase is used in division (F) of section 1347.01 of the Revised Code means personal information relating to employees, potential employees or former employees, and maintained by the commission for internal administrative and human resource purposes.
(O) "System" has the same meaning as defined by division (F) of section 1347.01 of the Revised Code.
(P) "Upgrade" means a substantial redesign of an existing computer system for the purpose of providing a substantial amount of new application functionality, or application modifications that would involve substantial administrative or fiscal resources to implement, but would not include maintenance, minor updates and patches or modifications that entail a limited addition of functionality due to changes in business or legal requirements.
Effective: 09/01/2013
R.C. 119.032 review dates: 09/01/2018
Promulgated Under: 119.03
Statutory Authority: 1347.15, 4112.04
Rule Amplifies: 1347.15


by itself with ckraid --fix, why not make it automatic? A: This can be done by adding lines like the following to /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit: mdadd /dev/md0 /dev/hda1 /dev/hdc1 || { ckraid --fix /etc/raid.usr.conf mdadd /dev/md0 /dev/hda1 /dev/hdc1 } or mdrun -p1 /dev/md0 if [ $? -gt 0 ] ; then ckraid --fix /etc/raid1.conf mdrun -p1 /dev/md0 fi Before presenting a more complete and reliable script, lets review the theory of operation. Gadi Oxman writes: In an unclean shutdown, Linux might be in one of the following states: The in-memory disk cache was in sync with the RAID set when the unclean shutdown occurred; no data was lost. The in-memory disk cache was newer than the RAID set contents when the crash occurred; this results in a corrupted filesystem and potentially in data loss. This state can be further divided to the following two states: Linux was writing data when the unclean shutdown occurred. Linux was not writing data when the crash occurred. Suppose we were using a RAID-1 array. In (2a), it might happen that before the crash, a small number of data blocks were successfully written only to some of the mirrors, so that on the next reboot, the mirrors will no longer contain the same data. If we were to ignore the mirror differences, the raidtools-0.36.3 read-balancing code might choose to read the above data blocks from any of the mirrors, which will result in inconsistent behavior (for example, the output of e2fsck -n /dev/md0 can differ from run to run). Since RAID doesn't protect against unclean shutdowns, usually there isn't any ''obviously correct'' way to fix the mirror differences and the filesystem corruption. For example, by default ckraid --fix will choose the first operational mirror and update the other mirrors with its contents. However, depending on the exact timing at the crash, the data on another mirror might be more recent, and we might want to use it as the source mirror instead, or perhaps use another method for recovery. The following script provides one of the more robust boot-up sequences. In particular, it guards against long, repeated ckraid's in the presence of uncooperative disks, controllers, or controller device drivers. Modify it to reflect your config, and copy it to . Then invoke after the root partition has been fsck'ed and mounted rw, but before the remaining partitions are fsck'ed. Make sure the current directory is in the search path. mdadd /dev/md0 /dev/hda1 /dev/hdc1 || { rm -f /fastboot # force an fsck to occur ckraid --fix /etc/raid.usr.conf mdadd /dev/md0 /dev/hda1 /dev/hdc1 } # if a crash occurs later in the boot process, # we at least want to leave this md in a clean state. /sbin/mdstop /dev/md0 mdadd /dev/md1 /dev/hda2 /dev/hdc2 || { rm -f /fastboot # force an fsck to occur ckraid --fix /etc/raid.home.conf mdadd /dev/md1 /dev/hda2 /dev/hdc2 } # if a crash occurs later in the boot process, # we at least want to leave this md in a clean state. /sbin/mdstop /dev/md1 mdadd /dev/md0 /dev/hda1 /dev/hdc1 mdrun -p1 /dev/md0 if [ $? -gt 0 ] ; then rm -f /fastboot # force an fsck to occur ckraid --fix /etc/raid.usr.conf mdrun -p1 /dev/md0 fi # if a crash occurs later in the boot process, # we at least want to leave this md in a clean state. /sbin/mdstop /dev/md0 mdadd /dev/md1 /dev/hda2 /dev/hdc2 mdrun -p1 /dev/md1 if [ $? -gt 0 ] ; then rm -f /fastboot # force an fsck to occur ckraid --fix /etc/raid.home.conf mdrun -p1 /dev/md1 fi # if a crash occurs later in the boot process, # we at least want to leave this md in a clean state. /sbin/mdstop /dev/md1 # OK, just blast through the md commands now. If there were # errors, the above checks should have fixed things up. /sbin/mdadd /dev/md0 /dev/hda1 /dev/hdc1 /sbin/mdrun -p1 /dev/md0 /sbin/mdadd /dev/md12 /dev/hda2 /dev/hdc2 /sbin/mdrun -p1 /dev/md1 In addition to the above, you'll want to create a which should look like the following: /sbin/mdstop /dev/md0 /sbin/mdstop /dev/md1 Be sure to modify both rc.sysinit and init.d/halt to include this everywhere that filesystems get unmounted before a halt/reboot. (Note that rc.sysinit unmounts and reboots if fsck returned with an error.) Q: Can I set up one-half of a RAID-1 mirror with the one disk I have now, and then later get the other disk and just drop it in? A: With the current tools, no, not in any easy way. In particular, you cannot just copy the contents of one disk onto another, and then pair them up. This is because the RAID drivers use glob of space at the end of the partition to store the superblock. This decreases the amount of space available to the file system slightly; if you just naively try to force a RAID-1 arrangement onto a partition with an existing filesystem, the raid superblock will overwrite a portion of the file system and mangle data. Since the ext2fs filesystem scatters files randomly throughput the partition (in order to avoid fragmentation), there is a very good chance that some file will land at the very end of a partition long before the disk is full. If you are clever, I suppose you can calculate how much room the RAID superblock will need, and make your filesystem slightly smaller, leaving room for it when you add it later. But then, if you are this clever, you should also be able to modify the tools to do this automatically for you. (The tools are not terribly complex). Note:A careful reader has pointed out that the following trick may work; I have not tried or verified this: Do the mkraid with /dev/null as one of the devices. Then mdadd -r with only the single, true disk (do not mdadd /dev/null). The mkraid should have successfully built the raid array, while the mdadd step just forces the system to run in "degraded" mode, as if one of the disks had failed. Error Recovery Q: I have a RAID-1 (mirroring) setup, and lost power while there was disk activity. Now what do I do? A: The redundancy of RAID levels is designed to protect against a disk failure, not against a power failure. There are several ways to recover from this situation. Method (1): Use the raid tools. These can be used to sync the raid arrays. They do not fix file-system damage; after the raid arrays are sync'ed, then the file-system still has to be fixed with fsck. Raid arrays can be checked with ckraid /etc/raid1.conf (for RAID-1, else, /etc/raid5.conf, etc.) Calling ckraid /etc/raid1.conf --fix will pick one of the disks in the array (usually the first), and use that as the master copy, and copy its blocks to the others in the mirror. To designate which of the disks should be used as the master, you can use the --force-source flag: for example, ckraid /etc/raid1.conf --fix --force-source /dev/hdc3 The ckraid command can be safely run without the --fix option to verify the inactive RAID array without making any changes. When you are comfortable with the proposed changes, supply the


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Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
Illustration of ancient flora
Washington, D.C., 110 million years ago. This painting shows what our "backyard" was like during the Early Cretaceous Period. How do we know about this ancient environment and the plants and animals that lived here? Click throughout the image or on the thumbnails to find out.
Depiction of a scene in a swampy forest in Maryland 110 million years ago
Painting by Mary Parrish. Ornithomimid Dromeosaur Propanoplosaurus, a nodosaur Large Theropod Ornithopod Pleurocoelus Pleurocoelus Pterosaur Pterosaur Arundelconodon Mussels and Snail Goniopholis Turtle Ceratodus Enantiornithine Bird Katydid "Sequoia" ambigua Dromeosaur Frog Athrotaxopsis "Sequoia" ambigua Ferns Ferns Rogersia
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text:
Air Passenger Protection Regulations
Marginal note:Obligations — situations outside carrier's control
10 (1) This section applies to a carrier when there is delay, cancellation or denial of boarding due to situations outside the carrier's control, including but not limited to the following:
(a) war or political instability;
(b) illegal acts or sabotage;
(c) meteorological conditions or natural disasters that make the safe operation of the aircraft impossible;
(d) instructions from air traffic control;
(e) a NOTAM, as defined in subsection 101.01(1) of the Canadian Aviation Regulations;
(f) a security threat;
(g) airport operation issues;
(h) a medical emergency;
(i) a collision with wildlife;
(j) a labour disruption within the carrier or within an essential service provider such as an airport or an air navigation service provider;
(k) a manufacturing defect in an aircraft that reduces the safety of passengers and that was identified by the manufacturer of the aircraft concerned, or by a competent authority; and
(l) an order or instruction from an official of a state or a law enforcement agency or from a person responsible for airport security.
Marginal note:Earlier flight disruption
(2) A delay, cancellation or denial of boarding that is directly attributable to an earlier delay or cancellation that is due to situations outside the carrier's control, is considered to also be due to situations outside that carrier's control if that carrier took all reasonable measures to mitigate the impact of the earlier flight delay or cancellation.
(3) When there is delay, cancellation or denial of boarding due to situations outside the carrier's control, it must
(a) provide passengers with the information set out in section 13;
(b) in the case of a delay of three hours or more, provide alternate travel arrangements, in the manner set out in section 18, to a passenger who desires such arrangements; and
(c) in the case of a cancellation or a denial of boarding, provide alternate travel arrangements in the manner set out in section 18.
- Date modified:

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Caddo Parish District Attorney James Stewart talks about the about-to-begin school year and with so many students opting for "distance learning," how his office will deal with a possible increase in truancy.
Stewart begins by explaining his office's long term relationship with the Caddo Schools Superintendent in dealing with the problem. "We've always been there for support and enforcement when necessary," he says, also giving kudos to Willis Knighton for their help. "Getting all our kids in school and keeping them off the street really helps us all in the long run. But we're in a new normal. But the conversations I've had with Superintendent (Lamar) Goree say compulsory attendance is still there for all three options. That's where we come in. Supporting the parents who have an make sure that their kids are in the educational process."
The State of Louisiana Compulsory Attendance Law mandates that students cannot be absent more than 10 unexcused days during the academic year. Any student who exceeds that number can be retained in their current grade.
In most cases the first step in the truancy court process involves a summons or notice to the parent or guardian. The hearing can take place at the school before a magistrate or in court before a judge.
Before a person may be subject to criminal charges, when there have been five consecutive or ten total unexcused absences of a child during a school year, the parent must receive written notice that within ten days of receipt of the notice the parent or guardian, accompanied by the child, attend an in-person meeting with the principal or other representative of the school in order to discuss and correct the circumstances causing the unexcused absences.
Beatles Kids: Where are They Now?


What's Your Earliest Memory of Using a Computer?S
We all use computers every day, but at some moment in each of our lives, there was that first meeting. A first interface, if you will. You might not remember the real first time you used a computer, but there's got to be one shining gem of nostalgia that sticks out in your mind. What is it? When you look back on it now, is it laughable or just plain awesome? What was your first time like?
Image by Fer Gregory/Shutterstock


text:
The Environment Agency has ruled out chemical pollution as a likely reason thousands of dead crabs and lobsters have been washing up along the beaches of Teesside and North Yorkshire.
Investigators have previously ruled out sewage, undersea cabling, seismic survey activity or dredging as likely causes of the deaths, which have been reported from Hartlepool down to Robin Hoods Bay.
The Environment Agency say they've used a range of screening methods to analyse samples of water, sediment and crab looking for traces of contamination. Over 1,000 potential chemical contaminants have been screened for, but no anomalies have been found that could lead to an event of this scale.
Sarah Jennings said: "Our environment officers have also reviewed environmental permits and scrutinised industrial sites in the Teesside area, but again found no evidence of abnormal discharges that could lead to an event of this scale.
"In a bid to better understand the scale of the incident, our survey vessel the Humber Guardian has taken samples from the seabed, which show that that only crabs and lobsters appear to be affected".
The investigation will now focus more on whether disease or a natural event could have been responsible for the deaths.
In the meantime, although the risk to human life is believed to be low, people are advised not to go near the dead crustaceans.The UK Health Security Agency advises:
Avoid affected areas of beach and coastline where possible
Make sure you wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water after coming into contact with any affected crustaceans
Do not touch or consume any sick or dead crustaceans that have been washed ashore
Follow general hand hygiene practices – do not just rely on hand gels but wash hands thoroughly with soap and warm water
Do not touch your face without washing hands first or whilst washing hands
If you visit the beach take extra care when returning home when removing outer garments such as shoes and wash hands thoroughly afterwards
Keep pets away from any sick or dead crustaceans
There is currently no evidence of any risk to human health relating to consuming crabs and lobsters caught off the North East coast, so the Food Standards Agency is urging consumers to follow usual good hygiene practice when handling and preparing crabs and lobsters to eat. Further guidance on food hygiene can be found on the FSA website.
Anyone who finds dead crustaceans (crabs or lobsters) or other dead wildlife, should report them to the Environment Agency on 0800 80 70 60.


text:
Shortly after 5:00 P.M. On Wednesday, May 27, 1896, a Herculean tornado shattered the St. Louis Area. Within twenty minutes, 137 people had perished in St. Louis, with 118 dead across the river in East St. Louis. Along a ten-mile swath of devastation, the tornado destroyed 311 buildings, heavily damaged 7,200 others and caused significant harm to 1,300 more. Even today, that powerful cyclone of a century ago "remains the single deadliest incident to befall the St. Louis area," according to Tim O'Neil of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch,
who wrote the foreword for this historic reprint of a book originally published by the Cyclone Publishing Company.
Heavily illustrated by photographs of the damage, The Great Cyclone was compiled from stories in the city's daily newspapers—the Globe-Democrat, the Post-Dispatch, and, most notably, the old St. Louis Republic. O'Neil points out that "the book's compilers are not identified, but their glowing praise of the 'superb descriptive composition' in the Republic provides a good guess about where most of them worked."


text:
Haven Earthquake Information
Haven Earthquake Risk Grade
The USGS database shows that there is a 0.629% chance of a major earthquake within 50 miles of Haven, Kansas within the next 50 years. The largest earthquake within 50 miles of Haven, Kansas was a 3 Magnitude in 2001.
Probability of earthquakes within the next 50 years
Within 31 Miles / 50km above magnitude
Historical Earthquake Data (Within 50 Miles)
All distances and depths in the table below are measured in miles.


text:
Many new mothers experience postpartum hair loss, but it can be difficult to know how long it will last and when your hair will start to regrow. Many women ask the same question: how long does postpartum hair loss last? In this blog post, we'll explore the answer to this common question and talk about what you can expect in terms of hair regrowth.
What is Postpartum Hair Loss and Why Does it Happen?
Postpartum hair loss, also known as postpartum alopecia, is a common phenomenon that many new mothers experience after giving birth.
It's a natural process that occurs as a result of hormonal changes in the body during pregnancy and after delivery.
During pregnancy, hormones like estrogen cause the hair to grow thick and shiny, but after giving birth, estrogen levels drop, leading to hair loss.
The hair follicles enter a resting phase, which leads to excessive hair shedding.
This can be alarming for new mothers who may notice more hair falling out than usual while washing or brushing their hair.
However, postpartum hair loss is usually temporary and can be managed with the right techniques.
It's essential to remember that postpartum hair loss is a normal process and does not indicate any underlying health conditions.
When Does Postpartum Hair Loss Typically Occur
Postpartum hair loss usually starts around 3 to 4 months after giving birth and can continue for up to a year.
It's a result of hormonal changes during pregnancy and after delivery, as the levels of estrogen and progesterone return to pre-pregnancy levels.
This can cause hair follicles to enter a resting phase, leading to increased shedding.
The amount of hair loss can vary from person to person, but it's normal to lose between 50 to 100 hairs per day.
However, during postpartum hair loss, it's not uncommon to lose up to 400 hairs per day.
While it may seem like a lot, it's important to remember that it's a temporary condition and the hair will eventually grow back.
It's important to note that if hair loss is excessive or accompanied by other symptoms such as scalp irritation or pain, it's important to consult a healthcare professional.
It could be a sign of a more serious underlying condition.
How Long Does Postpartum Hair Loss Last
Postpartum hair loss usually lasts for about six months to a year after giving birth.
However, every woman's experience is different, and the duration and severity of hair loss can vary depending on several factors, including genetics, hormonal fluctuations, and stress levels.
It is essential to remember that hair loss is a natural and temporary phase, and hair regrowth is expected to occur naturally as your hormones return to their pre-pregnancy levels.
To manage postpartum hair loss, it is crucial to follow a healthy diet, exercise regularly, and maintain good hair hygiene.
You can also consider using gentle and nourishing hair products to prevent further damage to your hair.
Additionally, it is best to limit the use of heat-styling tools such as hair dryers and flat irons as they can weaken the hair strands further.
In some cases, if the hair loss is severe, you may want to seek professional advice from a dermatologist or trichologist.
They may suggest specific hair treatments or supplements that can help accelerate hair growth.
Promoting Hair Growth
The good news is that postpartum hair loss is a temporary phase and your hair will eventually regrow.
The rate at which it regrows may vary depending on several factors such as genetics, nutrition, stress, and hair care practices.
Hair growth typically resumes a few months after post-birth hair loss and can continue for up to a year. However, in some cases, it may take longer than a year for the hair to fully recover.
The regrowth process can be accelerated by following a healthy and balanced diet that includes enough protein, iron, and other nutrients essential for hair growth.
You can also consider taking hair supplements or consulting a healthcare professional if you feel that your diet may be lacking in certain nutrients.
Hair care practices also play an important role in promoting hair growth.
Avoid excessive heat styling, chemical treatments, and harsh hair products as they can damage the hair and slow down the regrowth process.
Opt for gentle hair care products, brush your hair regularly, and consider using a scalp massage brush to improve blood circulation and promote hair growth.
Tips for Dealing With Postpartum Hair Loss
Post-birth hair loss can be frustrating, but it's important to remember that it's a normal and temporary occurrence. Here are some final thoughts and tips to help you manage postpartum hair loss:
- Practice Self-Care: It's important to take care of yourself during this time. Eating a balanced diet, staying hydrated, getting enough sleep, and managing stress can all help promote healthy hair growth.
- Be Gentle with Your Hair: Avoid using harsh chemicals, such as hair dyes and heat styling tools. Opt for gentle hair care products and use a wide-tooth comb to detangle your hair.
- Consider Supplements: Biotin, iron, and vitamin D are all essential nutrients for healthy hair growth. Talk to your healthcare provider about taking a supplement if you're not getting enough through your diet.
- Get a Haircut: Trimming your hair can help reduce the appearance of thinning hair. Plus, it can give you a fresh look and boost your confidence.
- Embrace the Process: Remember that postpartum hair loss is a temporary phase and your hair will eventually grow back. In the meantime, try out some fun hairstyles or accessories to switch up your look.
By practicing self-care and being gentle with your hair, you can manage postpartum hair loss and promote healthy hair growth. Don't be too hard on yourself and remember to embrace the process.


text:
International Trade Today's Medical Devices Classification Guide details the classification of devices in Heading 9018 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule. From Explanatory Notes within the heading to medical device terms and product examples, this guide will aid and expedite the classification of medical devices.
Based on a Customs and Border Protection presentation on the heading, the Medical Devices Classification Guide will assist in obtaining accurate classifications on:
- Electrodiagnostic apparatus'
- Syringes, needles, catheters and cannulae
- Ophthalmic instruments and appliances
- Ultraviolet and infrared ray apparatus'
- Dental instruments and appliances
- Other devices
Order your FREE copy of the International Trade Today's Medical Devices Classification Guide today.


Chris Chris - 1 year ago 82
Javascript Question
How to group and transform dictionary array on a certain key attribute to a different format with javascript (functional programming)?
I'd like to transform the below dataset array into a different format. Currently, each dictionary in the array has a 'count', 'fruit', and 'first name'. I'd like to create a new dictionary for each distinct first name and values that first name has for each 'fruit' type.
For example, see below for some input data
var input_data = [{"count":1,"fruit":"apple","first_name":"abe"},{"count":1,"fruit":"apple","first_name":"bob"},{"count":10,"fruit":"banana","first_name":"bob"},{"count":5,"fruit":"cherry","first_name":"abe"}]
We know for this dataset that the categories are ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
var desired_output =
[{name: 'abe',data:[1,0,5]},
{name: 'bob',data:[1,10,0]}]
Answer Source
You could use a hash table for the name reference and an object for the rigth index for counting.
var input_data = [{"count":1,"fruit":"apple","first_name":"abe"},{"count":1,"fruit":"apple","first_name":"bob"},{"count":10,"fruit":"banana","first_name":"bob"},{"count":5,"fruit":"cherry","first_name":"abe"}],
 categories = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry'],
 cat = {},
 result = [];
categories.forEach(function (a, i) { cat[a] = i; });
input_data.forEach(function (a) {
 if (!this[a.first_name]) {
 this[a.first_name] = { name: a.first_name, data: categories.map(function () { return 0; }) };
 result.push(this[a.first_name]);
 }
 this[a.first_name].data[cat[a.fruit]] += a.count;
}, Object.create(null));
console.log(result);
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text:
Child Labour, Education, and the Principle of Non-Discrimination
This chapter addresses how the use of the human rights principle of non-discrimination can influence understanding of the various dimensions of child labour. It starts by presenting the human rights framework for analyzing child labour and education. It also considers how to overcome discrimination against girls in terms of child labour. The data shows the significance of using the human rights principle of non-discrimination to analyse the link between school attendance and child labour. Some reasons why children in sub-Saharan Africa are not attending school are reported as well. Furthermore, several recommendations for policy are given.
Oxford Scholarship Online requires a subscription or purchase to access the full text of books within the service. Public users can however freely search the site and view the abstracts and keywords for each book and chapter.
If you think you should have access to this title, please contact your librarian.


text:
We categorize size as follows:
Small = up to 20 litres of volume
Medium = 21 to 35 litres of volume
Large = more than 35 litres of volume.
The power determines the speed of the oven when cooking and defrosting food. A typical consumer microwave oven consumes 1100 W of electricity in producing 700 W of microwave power, an efficiency of 64%. The other 400 W are dissipated as heat. and to operate the lamps, power transformer, cooling fan, motor etc.
|Measurements (HxWxD)||45.4x59.5x56.3 cm|


【Ingredients】 (６Servings)
tazukuri ingredientsDried Japanese anchovies (カタクチイワシ / Katakuchi iwashi)
(Ones specifically for tazukuri 田作り)……30g
Peanuts (ピーナッツ / Pīnatsu)……30g
Sesame oil (ごま油 / Goma-abura)……1tsp
Sugar (砂糖 / Satō)……2tbsp
Soy sauce (しょうゆ / Shōyu)……1tsp
Water (水 / Mizu)……2tsp
Cayenne pepper (一味唐辛子 / Ichimitōhgarashi)……To taste
【How to Make】
① Add the sesame oil to a frying pan and place over medium heat. Fry the anchovies and peanuts. Use a wooden spatula to stir occasionally to prevent burning. Once you get a prominent savory aroma, transfer everything to a bowl.
② Place the hot frying pan on a damp towel to lower the temperature. Add the sugar, soy sauce, and water place it back over medium heat and evaporate off the water. Once the mixture thickens, add the anchovies and peanuts and mix.
③ Cover a plate with baking paper. Add the cayenne pepper to the mixture in the pan and then transfer everything to the plate with baking paper and let it cool.
④ Once the mixture cools, use your hands to break it up into pieces that are easy to eat.
【Significance as Osechi Ryori
The dried Japanese anchovies referred to above are called "katakuchi iwashi" in Japanese. This term, though, can mean the fish in both fresh and dried forms. Dried, they are also referred to as "tazukuri" or "gomame" in Japanese. Tazukuri or gomame can also mean dishes like that described above, in which the dried fish are caramelized in a mixture that commonly consists of sugar, soy sauce, and mirin. Tazukuri, by the way, refers to the preparation of rice paddies for planting, in part by fertilizing with dried fish. The same fish came to be used in dishes like the one above, and the name stuck.
Tazukuri is an essential element of "osechi ryori," or New Year holiday dishes. The use of dried fish establishes a deep connection to the planting of rice paddies and incorporates a wish for an abundant harvest.
machikotateno osechi
Recipe Developed by: Machiko Tateno


text:
Dead and buried in a grave.
More example sentences
- On April 10, 1943, Lees-Milne wrote, 'I would like this diary to entertain two or three generations ahead when I am under the sod.'
- He has property enough to make us independent but that will be valuable only, when we are under the Sod.
- Time will run to seed when we are under the sod; there'll be time enough and to spare then.
Definition of under the sod in:
- The US English dictionary


text:
Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Parabolic figure skating blades
Parabolic figure skating blades were first introduced by HD Sports in order to employ new scientific developments in the creation of figure skating blades, which are mounted on the bottoms of skates.
The middle section of parabolic blades is thinner than that of normal blades, while both ends are typically wider than those of regular blades. This translates into less steel and a lighter blade overall.
The contents of this article is licensed from _URL_ under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details


Prometheus Backfilling: Recording Rules and Alerts
by Amnon Heiman
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Image for post
For many Prometheus users using recording rules and alerts, a known issue is how both are only generated on the fly at runtime. This limitation has two downsides. First of all, any new recording rule will not be applied to your historical data. Secondly and even more troubling, you cannot even test your rules and alerts against your historical data.
There is active work inside Prometheus to change this, but it's not there yet. In the short term, to meet this requirement we created a simple utility to produce OpenMetrics data to fill in the gaps. I will cover the following topics in this blog post:
 - Generating OpenMetrics from Prometheus
 - Backfilling alerts and recording rules
Introduction
While Prometheus can load existing data, it does not fill recording rules and alerts. Starting from Prometheus release 2.25 it is possible to backfill Prometheus using OpenMetrics files.
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To better understand the issue and the problem, consider the following case: One of our customers wanted tighter and more granular alerts on their p99 latencies.
Before applying those new rules, they wanted to understand what impact those alerts would have. In other words, if those rules were in place, would they have been used enough or would they have been used too much? To make things even more interesting, recording rules are used in the dashboards.
Since the customer was running a production system there was no problem obtaining a week's worth of Prometheus data. Then all the experiments were done on a separate Prometheus server with those data copies and not on the production one.
I used promutil.py, a small utility python script that you can download from our repository here.
Setup
While I use Scylla Monitoring Stack for the testing because it's easier for me, you don't need to. I suggest using the Prometheus Docker container in general.
 1. Create a data directory — we'll assume it's called data.
 2. Place your Prometheus table data in that directory.
 3. Download promutil.py
 4. Have your Prometheus rule file as prometheus.rules.yml
Run Prometheus with Docker
docker run -d -v "$PWD/data:/prometheus/data" -p 9090:9090 --name prom prom/prometheus:v2.25.0
This will run Prometheus using data in its data container; you can connect to the server via HTTP via port 9090 (e.g., http://{ip}:9090, where "ip" is your server's IP address).
You can check that your data is there by looking at a known metric. Typically you would need to look back at a day or two, depending how old your data is.
Run promutil.py
The promutil.py utility can generate OpenMetrics output-file from Prometheus. You can run ./promutil.py help to see the different options.
We would use a range query. You can supply a specific query as a parameter but instead we would use the prometheus.rules.yml file, that would add to the output file each of the metric rules in that file.
A range query needs a start and end, the promutil.py would accept any two of: start, end and duration.
Start and end can either be absolute (example: 2021-01-29T23:58:55.980Z) or relative (examples: 8s, 10h, 3d). For example, this is how we generate 3 days of metrics that ends 2 days ago:
./promutil.py --rules prometheus.rules.yml rquery -d 3d --end 2d --out-file /data/metrics.txt
Note that we placed the output file inside the data directory. This is important because we can access it from inside the Prometheus Docker container.
Generate the Prometheus Blocks
Run promtool inside the container:
docker exec -it prom promtool tsdb create-blocks-from openmetrics /prometheus/data/metrics.txt /prometheus/data/
Restart the Prometheus server and that's it — your rules are there!
Alerts
For testing, promutil.py can also be used to handle alerts. While it will not generate the alerts for historical data, it will create a metric for each of the alerts named alert:{alert_name}.
Labels in the alert will be added to the generated metric. You can now look at the graph of that metric, you will see the points that match the alert criteria.
Bonus — Ad Hoc Alerts
Unrelated to backfilling, if you regularly keep track of systems then you know the feeling of looking at a system and trying to figure out what's going on. You can also use the promutil.py for such cases. Keep a rule file with as many alerts as you want. The output of running the promutil on this file will return only metrics that match those alerts. In other words, it's like asking, "have any of these conditions been met in the last few days (or hours, etc.)?"
Take Away
Prometheus finally supports backfilling metrics through the use of OpenMetrics format. You can use our promutil.py to generate historical values for recording rules and alerts from a running Prometheus server. You can also use the promutil.py for ad hoc alerts, making it a handy new tool when diagnosing a system.
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Metric space
From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Metric space is a concept from Mathematics: Given a set of elments, there is a function which takes two arguments, which are elements of the set and returns a real number, which is usually called distance d between those elements. The function needs to be symmetric: d(x,y) = d (y,x).


/ $(".my-widget").trigger("myEventEnd");
Further Reading
Prototypal Inheritance With The DOM-To-Object Bridge Pattern
In JavaScript, we don't have the traditional notion of classes that you would find in other classical programming languages, but we do have prototypal inheritance. With prototypal inheritance, an object inherits from another object. And we can apply this concept to jQuery plugin development.
Alex Sexton24 and Scott Gonzalez25 have looked at this topic in detail. In sum, they found that for organized modular development, clearly separating the object that defines the logic for a plugin from the plugin-generation process itself can be beneficial. The benefit is that testing your plugin's code becomes easier, and you can also adjust the way things work behind the scenes without altering the way that any object APIs you've implemented are used.
In Sexton's previous post on this topic, he implements a bridge that enables you to attach your general logic to a particular plugin, which we've implemented in the template below. Another advantage of this pattern is that you don't have to constantly repeat the same plugin initialization code, thus ensuring that the concepts behind DRY development are maintained. Some developers might also find this pattern easier to read than others.
/*!
 * jQuery prototypal inheritance plugin boilerplate
 * Author: Alex Sexton, Scott Gonzalez
 * Further changes: @addyosmani
 * Licensed under the MIT license
 */
// myObject - an object representing a concept that you want
// to model (e.g. a car)
var myObject = {
 init: function( options, elem ) {
 // Mix in the passed-in options with the default options
 this.options = $.extend( {}, this.options, options );
 // Save the element reference, both as a jQuery
 // reference and a normal reference
 this.elem = elem;
 this.$elem = $(elem);
 // Build the DOM's initial structure
 this._build();
 // return this so that we can chain and use the bridge with less code.
 return this;
 },
 options: {
 name: "No name"
 },
 _build: function(){
 //this.$elem.html('
'+this.options.name+'
');
 },
 myMethod: function( msg ){
 // You have direct access to the associated and cached
 // jQuery element
 // this.$elem.append('
'+msg+'
');
 }
};
// Object.create support test, and fallback for browsers without it
if ( typeof Object.create !== 'function' ) {
 Object.create = function (o) {
 function F() {}
 F.prototype = o;
 return new F();
 };
}
// Create a plugin based on a defined object
$.plugin = function( name, object ) {
 $.fn[name] = function( options ) {
 return this.each(function() {
 if ( ! $.data( this, name ) ) {
 $.data( this, name, Object.create(object).init(
 options, this ) );
 }
 });
 };
};
// Usage:
// With myObject, we could now essentially do this:
// $.plugin('myobj', myObject);
// and at this point we could do the following
// $('#elem').myobj({name: "John"});
// var inst = $('#elem').data('myobj');
// inst.myMethod('I am a method');
Further Reading
jQuery UI Widget Factory Bridge
If you liked the idea of generating plugins based on objects in the last design pattern, then you might be interested in a method found in the jQuery UI Widget Factory called $.widget.bridge. This bridge basically serves as a middle layer between a JavaScript object that is created using $.widget and jQuery's API, providing a more built-in solution to achieving object-based plugin definition. Effectively, we're able to create stateful plugins using a custom constructor.
Moreover, $.widget.bridge provides access to a number of other capabilities, including the following:
 - Both public and private methods are handled as one would expect in classical OOP (i.e. public methods are exposed, while calls to private methods are not possible);
 - Automatic protection against multiple initializations;
 - Automatic generation of instances of a passed object, and storage of them within the selection's internal $.data cache;
 - Options can be altered post-initialization.
For further information on how to use this pattern, look at the comments in the boilerplate below:
/*!
 * jQuery UI Widget factory "bridge" plugin boilerplate
 * Author: @erichynds
 * Further changes, additional comments: @addyosmani
 * Licensed under the MIT license
 */
// a "widgetName" object constructor
// required: this must accept two arguments,
// options: an object of configuration options
// element: the DOM element the instance was created on
var widgetName = function( options, element ){
 this.name = "myWidgetName";
 this.options = options;
 this.element = element;
 this._init();
}
// the "widgetName" prototype
widgetName.prototype = {

 // _create will automatically run the first time this
 // widget is called
 _create: function(){
 // creation code
 },
 // required: initialization logic for the plugin goes into _init
 // This fires when your instance is first created and when
 // attempting to initialize the widget again (by the bridge)
 // after it has already been initialized.
 _init: function(){
 // init code
 },
 // required: objects to be used with the bridge must contain an
 // 'option'. Post-initialization, the logic for changing options
 // goes here.
 option: function( key, value ){

 // optional: get/change options post initialization
 // ignore if you don't require them.

 // signature: $('#foo').bar({ cool:false });
 if( $.isPlainObject( key ) ){
 this.options = $.extend( true, this.options, key );

 // signature: $('#foo').option('cool'); - getter
 } else if ( key && typeof value === "undefined" ){
 return this.options[ key ];

 // signature: $('#foo').bar('option', 'baz', false);
 } else {
 this.options[ key ] = value;
 }

 // required: option must return the current instance.
 // When re-initializing an instance on elements, option
 // is called first and is then chained to the _init method.
 return this;
 },
 // notice no underscore is used for public methods
 publicFunction: function(){
 console.log('public function');
 },
 // underscores are used for private methods
 _privateFunction: function(){
 console.log('private function');
 }
};
// usage:
// connect the widget obj to jQuery's API under the "foo" namespace
// $.widget.bridge("foo", widgetName);
// create an instance of the widget for use
// var instance = $("#elem").foo({
// baz: true
// });
// your widget instance exists in the elem's data
// instance.data("foo").element; // => #elem element
// bridge allows you to call public methods...
// instance.foo("publicFunction"); // => "public method"
// bridge prevents calls to internal methods
// instance.foo("_privateFunction"); // => #elem element
Further Reading
jQuery Mobile Widgets With The Widget factory
jQuery mobile is a framework that encourages the design of ubiquitous Web applications that work both on popular mobile devices and platforms and on the desktop. Rather than writing unique applications for each device or OS, you simply write the code once and it should ideally run on many of the A-, B- and C-grade browsers out there at the moment.
The fundamentals behind jQuery mobile can also be applied to plugin and widget development, as seen in some of the core jQuery mobile widgets used in the official library suite. What's interesting here is that even though there are very small, subtle differences in writing a "mobile"-optimized widget, if you're familiar with using the jQuery UI Widget Factory, you should be able to start


text:
Date: Around 1999
We have a hybrid poppular tree that branched after about 4
ft making 2 large branches. In the center there is a hole which seeps
water constantly. This has been going on about 3 years, You can see air
bubbles about every 15 seconds. We were told that the tree would heal
itself. So far its still leaking. We tried packing it with a plastic bag
and the seeping continues. Our concern is that it may become rotten at
the base and fall over on the house. Do you have any idea where the
water is coming from. We are in the country and have well water. Thanks
The roots and xylem (vessels) of trees transport the water from the soil up
to the branches.
Anthony R. Brach, Ph.D.
Click here to return to the Botany Archives
Update: June 2012


Software Downloads
DataAssist™ Software
DataAssist™ Software is an easy to use data analysis tool that utilizes the Comparative CT (ddCT) method to rapidly and accurately quantitate relative gene expression across a large number of genes and samples.
Core Workflow
The main steps in the analysis performed by DataAssist™ Software are:
 1. Read export files (.txt or.csv) from supported instruments and software
 2. Perform raw data QC analysis and provide associated plots
 3. Perform sample normalization for each assay
 4. Perform QC analysis on normalized data
 5. Perform relative quantification for sample comparison; perform t-test for sample group comparisons; and produce graphics to visualize test results.
Easy to Use
The analysis workflow in DataAssist™ is simple and straightforward, you can import raw data from up to hundreds of plates or TaqMan® Arrays, change analysis settings including selection of normalization controls and method (single or multiple control genes). It provides instant response and fast calculation, allows normalization using multiple reference genes, and provides analysis results in content-rich tables and scalable graphic charts that are easily exported.
Figure 1:
Control Plot
(click to enlarge)
Figure 2:
Volcano Plot
(click to enlarge)
The license for using this software is limited to data generated from Applied Biosystems® Real-Time PCR instrumentation.
Download Now
Register and download DataAssist™ Software


text:
Something out of nothing beyond the world of high technology, the SFA Engineering Corp. is going to make.
This constant innovation SFA Engineering Corp. for the top of the core competencies of the exercise.
An unattended transportation forklift which transports pallet, paper manufacturing roll, reel, and other special products to a specified location quickly and safely.
1. LASER NAVIGATION
Using the angle of the laser beam shot from laser scanner and reflected from the reflector, the current location and travelling direction of the unattended transportation vehicle is accurately calculated. Especially, outdoor-use LGV (Laser Guided Vehicle) allows the transportation of products to another building.
2. DUAL NAVIGATION
Dual navigation is a navigation type used where laser reflector installation is limited which utilizes both laser navigation and spot navigation. The transportation vehicle automatically switches navigation method to maximize the position precision.
3. SAFETY DEVICE The vehicle slows on the first detection by obstacle
recognition sensor, and automatically stops on the second obstacle detection applied by contact bumper switch.
4. REMOTE CONTROL PROCESSOR
time transportation vehicles within the factory, station information confirmation, traffic control of unattended transportation vehicles, work/error history, manual transportation order generation These are important technological contents used in this equipment.


text:
The pilgrim's progress from this world to that which is to come delivered under the similitude of a dream, wherein is discovered the manner of his setting out, his dangerous journey, and safe arrival at the desired country / by John Bunyan, ed. with introduction and notes by William Vaughn Moody
Bunyan, John, _PHONE_
The Pilgrim's Progress (Part I 1678/Part II 1684) holds a unique place in the history of English literature. No other seventeenth-century work except the King James Bible, nothing from the pen of a writer of Bunyan's social class in any period, and no other Christian work, has enjoyed such an extensive readership. The pilgrim Christian, Mr Worldly Wiseman, Giant Despair, Hopeful, and Ignorance are engaged in a powerful drama set against a solidly realistic background of town and country. Bunyan captures the speech of ordinary people as accurately as he depicts their behaviour and appearance and as firmly as he realizes their inner emotional and spiritual life. The tale is related in language remarkable for its beauty and simplicity, and is spiced with Bunyan's acute and satirical perceptions of the vanity and hypocrisy of his own society.


Abyaneh, also known as Red village (because of its red soil and houses) is a historic village in the central district of Natanz in Isfahan province of Iran, 70 kilometers southeast of Kashan and It is 2,500 meters above sea-level.
The word 'Abyaneh' has been borrowed from the word "Viona" meaning Willowy. It is one of the oldest human settlements in Iran's dessert.
Abyaneh History
During the Arabs invasion of Persia in the 7th century, many followers of the Zoroastrian religion ran from their own houses and fled to the surrounding mountains or deserts to escape forced conversion to Islam.
The village extends along a river. Although the village itself is situated on high grounds, in the past three castles were built to protect the people from enemies. Furthermore, the configuration of the village protects it from strong wind and flood.
The oldest building in Abyaneh is Harpak Zoroastrian Fire Temple, which was built during the Achaemenid period (550-330 BC).
Abyaneh Attractions
Abyaneh Village
as a matter of fact This fire temple used to be an important religious temple for its majority Zoroastrian inhabitants until Islam was fully accepted by the locals. But its golden period was during the Safavid dynasty.
Unique features
Abyaneh is like a living anthropological and architectural museum. It presents an interesting model of adaptation to the environment.
Similar to other mountainous villages of Iran, such as Masouleh or Uraman Takht, Abyaneh has stepped architecture with the roof of each house is the courtyard of the one above it but Abyaneh has kept its traditional architecture, culture, ceremonies, clothing, language, etc.
that is why this historical village is on the Tentative List of UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
Abyaneh locals
Abyaneh Local People
Abyaneh has a compact texture with steep and narrow alleys. Located on the slope of the mountain, Timbers, clay, and straw are used for building roofs.
In addition the walls and Houses, built from red mud bricks which are impressive. The houses have been built facing towards the east to get the maximum sunshine.
The simplicity of the houses and people presents a picture of life in rural Iran. For example, a single room may be used as a sitting room, a dining room, a guest room, and a bedroom. The rooms used in cold seasons are architecturally different from those used in warm seasons.
To provide lighting for all parts of the house, there are several small windows around the walls. The size of the rooms, doors, and windows all indicate the simplicity of life in this ancient village.
Abyaneh Architecture
A stunning aspect of Abyaneh's architecture is that the houses are similar in appearance. Most of the doors have two knockers, are wooden and built in traditional styles.
There are beautiful designs, Quranic verses or poems and sometimes names of the owners and mason carved on the doors. These poems show a good picture of the old Iranian culture.
Many facades date back to the Safavid dynasty. There are small sitting places that provide places for passers-by or residents to rest for a while.
Most of the houses in Abyaneh have balconies that protrude into the alleyways and designed with colorful flowers.
One of the most eye-catching designs of most ancient wooden doors in Iran is the door knockers.
Each house usually has a pair of doors, which are equipped with different door knockers. One of them has a long shape, while the other one has a round shape.
What's the difference, you may ask? there is an interesting story behind that! Traditionally, the round-shaped door knockers are strictly for female use, on the other hand, the long shaped door knockers are for male use.
Ancient Village of Iran
Abyaneh Local Custom
In fact these two-door knockers have different sounds, which gives a clue to the owner whether a male or a female knocks the door. A female house owner answers the door if the caller is a female and vice versa. If there are no men in the house, then the woman can be prepared and wear a hijab if a male is behind that door.
The local language of the people of Abyaneh is Parthian Pahlavi. They are extremely committed to honoring their traditions. No matter how well educated a local might be, he or she wears traditional Abyaneh costume on coming back to the village.
Traditional Outfit in Abyaneh
Abyaneh Red Village
Abyaneh Red Village
Their traditional clothes are examples of styles of great antiquity. A woman from Abyaneh has inherited her wedding dress from her grandmother.
likewise women typically wear a white long scarf that covers the shoulders and upper trunk which has a flowered pattern named Charghad and an under-knee skirt and men a very loose pair of pants with a coat.
These people strongly maintain this traditional costume.
Although this village is small in size, it has many untold stories inside the minds of its locals and there are many mysterious things to be explored by the visitors who love discovering and exploring new things about the past.
Finally, all of these factors make this village worth a visit by any tourist visiting Iran without a doubt.
Harpark Fire Temple
Hinza (Anahita) Temple
Abyaneh Castles
Jameh Mosque
Porzaleh Mosque
Hajatgah Mosque
Imamzade Isa (Jesus) and Yahya (John)
Abyaneh Anthropology Museum
Wall Decorative Pendants
Traditional Clothes
Silver ornaments
Decorations made of wild rue seeds
Carpet Weaving
Traditional Cuisine
Dried Fruits
Fruit Leather
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text:
The dimensions of LEGO brick are documented well, but what about DUPLO bricks? If have only found the general statements that DUPLO is twice as large as LEGO but no exact numbers. What about the thickness of walls and the space that must be subtracted at each side (0.2mm for LEGO), is it also just doubled?. If you compare the bottom of a LEGO 2x4 brick and a DUPLO 2x4 brick, there are also additional small walls that I have not found documented.
Update: Some dimensions of a DUPLO brick can be derived from the dimensions of a LEGO brick, which have been documented by Robert Cailliau among others:
Above and below a DUPLO 2x2 brick one can put two LEGO 2x4 bricks (or four 2x2 LEGO bricks). The outer walls of such stack seem to align perfectly, so the width and length of a DUPLO 2x2 brick is equal to the width of a LEGO 2x4 brick, which is 31.8mm (32mm-0.2mm). By putting DUPLO and LEGO side by side, one can also see that the DUPLO height without studs is twice of the size in LEGO (19.2mm). The LEGO studs below the DUPLO brick touch DUPLO walls, so DUPLO wall thickness is the same as LEGO wall thickness (either before spline walls were introduced to LEGO bricks or LEGO wall thickness plus the length of LEGO splines), which is 1.5mm. The DUPLO tube height is the height of the brick minus the height of a LEGO stud (which is somewhere between 1.6mm and 1.8mm). I'd better use the larger value, so the tubes start 1.8mm above the floor of the brick. From the top, LEGO tubes fit into DUPLO studs, so the stud inner diameter should equal to 6.51mm (8*√2 - 4.8$). But if you carefully look inside a DUPLO stud, this fitting is only achieved by four additional lugs that give a minimal inner diameter around 6mm to facilitate snapping into.
The remaining dimension include:
- stud outer diameter
- stud height
- tube inner diameter (but DUPLO tubes are not fully circular inside on a closer look!)
- tube outer diameter (also occurs at some other elements for instance as stem at #6510)
- spline length
Spline length can be derived from wall width and stud outer diameter. Tube outer diameter and stud outer diameter can also be computed from each other. So basically three dimensions are left to be explained. Comments and insights are welcome how more of the remaning dimensions can be derived from standard LEGO/DUPLO dimensions.


text:
Here's a quick fact sheet:
- Planning for the project started almost 30 years ago.
- Permitting of the original project (120 foot tall dam impounding 16,200 Acre feet of water) began in 1999.
- Approval of the original project was granted in 2004.
- Construction on the original project started in September 2004.
- Approval for the enlarged project 184 foot tall dam impounding 72,000 Acre feet of water was granted in April of 2008.
- Construction of the enlarged project began in September of 2008.
- Completion of the project is anticipated in spring of 2012.
- By the time the project is complete:
- 15,000,000 cubic yards of earth will have been placed in the dam.
- 30,000 cubic yards of concrete will have been placed.
- 5,600 tons of steel will have be used.
- The final reservoir has a capacity of 72,000 Acre feet of water which equates to 23,461,200,000 gallons of water.
- The surface area of the filled reservoir will be 1,200 Acres or 1.5 times thesiz Creek Reservoir.
- The deepest point the reservoir will be 184 feet below the surface.
- There will be over 14 of shoreline.


text: 1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data I'm trying to solve a boundary layer equation but i dont really know how. The same problem can be found in Kundu's book 'Fluid Mechanics' there the answer is just written out, but he mentions that it is solved by closed form. 2. Relevant equations The equation looks like this: f'''+(1-f'^2)=0 3. The attempt at a solution This is how far i have got: Multiplicate with f'' f''f'''+f''-f''f'^2=0 d/ds(f''^2/2)+d/ds(f')-d/ds(f'^3/3)=0 Integrate f''^2/2+f'-f'^3/3=C Let g=f' g'=f'' g'^2+2g-2g^3/3=D g'=sqrt(2g^3/3-2g+D) dg/ds=sqrt(2g^3/3-2g+D) Separable 1/sqrt(2g^3/3-2g+D)*dg=ds Putting this in to maple gives a really complex expression, there i have no idea how to solve for g. Does someone have any idea how to do this?


the left visualizes the vector field and one trajectory of love. The figure on the right visualizes Romeo and Juliet's trajectory separately.
plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-17
Although both lovers start at mutual affection, over the course of their relationship, they feel happy, then sad, then happy, then sad, until they don't feel anymore. If, on the other hand, we change $A$ to
we have $\alpha = 0.05$ which is positive. This implies slower growth than we had decay before ($\alpha = -0.10$). If we allow both lovers only an ounce of mutual affection $(0.1, 0.1)$, they will spiral forever, they feelings always growing, always changing.
plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-18
I encourage you to play around with the code a bit to get an intuition for these things. In the next section, we look at a special case of this linear system before we wrap-up.
The circle of love
Oh, so long, Marianne
It's time that we began to laugh
And cry and cry and laugh about it all again.
An interesting special case of the spiral of love occurs when $\alpha = 0$ such that all eigenvalues are imaginary. As an example, let $a = 0$, $b = -1$, $c = 1$, and $d = 0$ such that:
Romeo and Juliet do not listen to their own feelings anymore, but only to their partner's feelings. However, they do so in opposite ways. For Romeo, this model implies that when Juliet's feelings for him are high ($J > 0$), Romeo's feelings for Juliet decrease. If they are low ($J < 0$), then his feelings increase. For Juliet, it is exactly the opposite: when Romeo's feelings are strong ($R > 0$), her feelings increase, while when his feelings wane ($R < 0$), her feelings decrease. Is this a (mathematically) stable relationship? To find out, we visualize the vector field below as well as three love trajectories.
plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-19
Romeo and Juliet are stuck in a never ending circle! Regardless of the starting point, they will be prisoners to the Sisyphean circle of love which will make them laugh and cry and cry and laugh about it all again. Except, of course, when they start at the origin $(0, 0)$: if they start with indifference, they will forever stay indifferent. Note that the fixed point is now called a center which is neutrally stable, since nearby trajectories are neither attracted nor repelled from the fixed point.
We have started and ended our journey of relationships with two extremes: ignoring the other's feelings and ignoring one's own. Both are unhealthy. Communication is key. In the next section, we recap the types of linear systems we have seen in this blog post.
Classification recap
She took off a silver locket
She said remember me by this
She put her hand in my pocket
I got a keepsake and a kiss
The figure below summarizes the classification of linear systems we have, step by step, developed in this blog post (see also Strogatz, 2015, p. 140).
plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-20
If both $\tau = 0$ and $\Delta = 0$, the eigenvalues are zero and the solution is a constant: Romeo and Juliet's feelings will forever stay wherever they started — we have a plane of fixed points. If $\tau = 0$ but $\Delta \neq 0$, either Romeo or Juliet's feelings are constant, and the other person's feelings either exponentially grow or decay — we have a line of fixed points.
Saddle points occur when $\tau \neq 0$ and $\Delta < 0$, which implies that one eigenvalue is positive and the other is negative, that is, we have exponentially growth in one eigendirection and exponential decay in the other; the fixed point $(0, 0)$ is generally unstable, except when the initial condition is exactly on the vector along we which there is exponential decay.
If $\tau = 0$ and $\Delta = 0$ all eigenvalues are imaginary, resulting in a center — the circle of love. These become spirals if $\tau \neq 0$, since the eigenvalues now have a real part which results in amplifying oscillations ($\tau > 0$) or dampened oscillations ($\tau < 0$).
On the parabola described by $\tau^2 - 4\Delta = 0$ we have repeated eigenvalues. If the resulting eigenvectors are independent, we have a star node in which all directions either point towards the origin ($\lambda < 0$) or away from it ($\lambda > 0$).
If the resulting eigenvectors are not independent, we have a degenerate node; we cannot invert the matrix of eigenvectors anymore and thus need to use other methods. One such method is provided by matrix exponentials — see the Post Scriptum.
Above the parabola, we either have stable nodes for $\tau < 0$ and unstable nodes for $\tau > 0$.1
You can fall for pretty strangers and the promises they hold
In this blog post, we have seen that linear differential equations are a powerful tool to model how systems change over time in general, and how the love affair between two lovebirds can evolve in particular. We have started out with an isolated Romeo whose feelings either exponentially grow or decay. Romeo then met Juliet, and we have extended the single differential equation to a system of two equations to accommodate this life event.
Love affairs can take many shapes and forms. We have classified those depending on their stability landscape, and seen that linear differential equations can be solved in closed-form by using eigenvectors and eigenvalues or matrix exponentials. In a follow-up blog post, Romeo and Juliet's love will overcome the shackles of linearity, and we end up with nonlinear differential equations. This will make for more intriguing relationships. We will also add a third lover and study how the dynamics change — it might get chaotic!
I would like to thank Oisín Ryan for discussion as well as extensive and very helpful comments on this blog post.
Post Scriptum
Solving differential equations using matrix exponentials
Recall that the solution to the single linear differential equation $\frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}t} = ax$ is:
The series expansion of $e$ is given by:
The idea is to generalize this to allow for a matrix in the exponent. In particular, analogously to the one-dimensional case, we want the system
to have solutions of the form:
First, we generalize the series expansion of $e$ to matrices:
With this definition, we assume that $\mathbf{x} = \mathbf{x}_0 e^{At}$ and check whether it is true that:
Observe that:
which shows that, indeed, the matrix exponential of $A$ is a solution to a system of linear differential equations!
The matrix exponential solution generalizes the solution using eigendecomposition to non-diagonal matrices $A$. For a diagonalizable matrix $A$, we can connect the approach of using the matrix exponential to solve a system of linear differential equations to the eigendecomposition approach we have discussed above. Observe that:
that is, by noting that the matrix exponential of a diagonal matrix given by simply exponentiating each element. This is then the solution in the eigenbasis, which we transform back by multiplying with $E$, as we have done earlier. For diagonalizable matrices, this is a very convenient way of computing the matrix exponential. For general matrices, this is not possible and one needs to rely on other ways of computing the matrix exponential (see Moler & Van Loan, 2003).
To return to our initial problem: we want an expression for the solution of the system described by:
in order to easily compute the trajectory of Romeo and Juliet's feelings. Assuming that $\mathbf{x}_0 = (1, 1)$, the solution to the system is:
which we can implement straightforwardly in R.
solve_linear2 <- function(A, inits = c(1, 1), tmax = 20, n = 1000) {
 # create time steps
 x <- matrix(NA, nrow = n, ncol = ncol(A))
 for (i in seq(n)) {
 t <- ts[i]
 x[i, ] <- expm(A*t) %*% inits
The figure below visualizes a few trajectories of this system that were hithertho uncomputable using the eigendecomposition.
plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-22
 - Strogatz, S. H. (1988). Love affairs and differential equations. Mathematics Magazine, 61(1), 35-35.
 - Strogatz, S. H. (2015). Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos: With applications to Physics, Biology, Chemistry, and Engineering. Colorado, US: Westview Press.
 - Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos Lectures by Steven Strogatz, especially Lecture 5.
 - Ryan, O., Kuiper, R. M., & Hamaker, E. L. (2018). A continuous time approach to intensive longitudinal data: What, Why and How? In K. v. Montfort, J. H. L. Oud, & M. C. Voelkle (Eds.), Continuous time modeling in the behavioral and related


text:
Water Handbook - Chemical Cleaning Of Steam Generator Systems | SU…
Steam side burning is a chemical reaction between steam and the tube metal. It is caused by excessive heat input or poor circulation, resulting in insufficient flow to cool the tubes. Under such conditions, an insulating superheated steam film develops.
SMR –Heat Recovery for Steam Generation Energy Inputs Energy Removal kcal/hr kW kcal/hr Steam Boiler 3,742,371 Post Reformer Cooler 2,238,933 Methanator Reheat 553,190 Post HTS Cooler 1,026,525 Heat Sub-total 4,295,561 Post LTS Cooler 2,305,814
Steam Purity. Purity or chemistry requirements for steam can be as simple as a specified maximum moisture content, or can include maximum concentrations for a variety of chemical species. Often, for low pressure building or process heater steam, only a maximum moisture content is specified. This may be as high as 0.5% or as low as 0.1%.
of reaction, mixing, adsorption, etc., to sterilize feed streams, or to cause vaporization or condensa-tion. city using a gas-turbine cogeneration plant with a heat recovery steam generator (waste-heat boiler) to raise steam (Figure 3.1). The overall thermal to 80


ExpressionCorrelation Documentation
ExpressionCorrelation is a plug-in built forCytoscape that computes a similarity network from either the genes or conditions in an expression matrix. The Expression Correlation plugin is verified to work with Cytoscape up to version 2.5.2.
1. Introduction
The ExpressionCorrelation plugin computes a similarity network from either the genes or conditions in an expression matrix (where genes are rows and conditions are columns). Nodes in a similarity network represent genes or conditions. Links represent similarity (or correlations) between vectors of the expression levels of genes across all given conditions (gene correlation network) or the similarity between vectors of the expression levels of all genes in a single condition (condition correlation network). The plugin allows the user to select an Expression Matrix of microarray data directly from Cytoscape and convert it to a visible interaction network in Cytoscape. The similarity matrix is computed using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient. A histogram tool is available for choosing a similarity strength threshold, in order to ease creation of a reasonably sized network. No statistical significance is currently implemented for the similarity network.
2. About
The ExpressionCorrelation plugin is freely available and open-source molecular profile visualization software. Gene expression data (loaded in via Cytoscape) can be used to create a gene or a condition correlation matrix. Any correlation above or below given threshold values, is displayed in Cytoscape as an 'edge' between two 'nodes' (the nodes are the two genes or conditions that are correlated). However, a correlation matrix can be very large, and often cannot be stored in memory, so this program saves only the relevant correlations as they are calculated. Calculation of the correlation matrix is relatively fast.
One problem with this approach is that the cutoff values cannot be lowered without recalculating the entire correlation matrix (they could be raised but a method to do this is not implemented here, instead to ignore low threshold values Cytoscape can be set up to not display them). In addition to losing the values below the threshold, another problem is that Cytoscape begins to have trouble displaying networks above several tens of thousands of edges. This means that good cutoff values must be chosen before the network is created: good cutoff values display as much of the network as possible without causing problems with CPU memory or creating cluttered networks.
To help users choose a good cutoff value, we added a histogram feature, which shows the number of edges associated with particular cutoff values and vice-versa. To view the histogram, the correlation matrix must be calculated (so it will be calculated once for the histogram and once for the network creation), which could cause the entire process to take up to twice as long. The process will be twice as long if the matrix calculation is the time limiting process, which is usually the case when networks contain a few thousand edges or less. However, the edge/node creation process quickly becomes the time limiting process when more than a few thousand edges are created (in this case it could take 100 times longer rather than just twice as long).
It is recommended that if the distribution of the correlation values is not known by the user, then the histogram should be used to limit the networks to a few thousand edges.
When using the histogram to limit the network size, note that depending on what is specified as the cutoffs there may be a difference in number of edges in the generated network than interactions reported in the histogram. This is because the network edges are computed precisely while the histogram number of interactions is based on the number of counts in each bin (corresponding to the cutoffs). Since each bin contains counts of correlations falling within a range of values, extra correlations may be included leading to a discrepancy.
Future directions include using weights in the correlation calculations in order to reduce data noise and down-weight multiple Affymetrix probe set IDs. Also, other similarity metrics and a statistical significance score for similarity links will be considered.
3. Installation Instructions
To use the ExpressionCorrelation Plugin, the user must first obtain a copy of Cytoscape, Version 2.0 or greater (up to version 2.5.2). The user can download a copy from:
Once the user has downloaded Cytoscape and verified that it works, the user can install the ExpressionCorrelation Plugin in one of two ways:
 1. Download the plugin: ExpressionCorrelation.jar and copy the ExpressionCorrelation.jar file to the user [Cytoscape_Home]/plugins directory.
 2. Open Cytoscape. Under the 'Plugins' manager, select 'Manage Plugins', which will open the plugin manager. Find and select the 'Expression Correlation' plugin under the 'Network Inference' folder, and click on the 'Install' button.
The Plugin installation is now complete.
4. Using the ExpressionCorrelation Plugin
To use the ExpressionCorrelation Plugin:
 1. Start Cytoscape. This can be done by double clicking the Cytoscape icon in your [Cytoscape_Home] directory, or via the command line.
 - On Unix/Linux or MacOS X, run:
 - On Windows, run: cytoscape.bat
 2. From the Main Menu, Select "File" ---> "Import" ---> "Attribute/Expression Matrix...", select the desired file and click the "Import" button.
 3. From the Main Menu, Select "Plugins" ---> "Expression Correlation Network" --->
 1. "Construct Correlation Network"
 This option will create the condition network and the gene network simultaneously using the default cutoffs "-0.95 & 0.95" or the user selected cutoffs from the previous run of the ExpressionCorrelation Plugin, but will not create the histogram of the data distribution. The two network file name extensions along with the default cutoffs used will appear in the 'Network' frame of the Cytoscape panel. If the network has fewer than the number of nodes specified in the Cytoscape viewThreshold property, a view will be created automatically and the network will appear in the right frame of Cytoscape. The viewThreshold property can be modified in the "Cytoscape Preferences Editor" from the Main Menu by selecting "Edit" ---> "Preferences" ---> "Properties". Otherwise, a view will not be created. In this case, to view the network: select the network by clicking on its file name extension (it will turn green), and from the Main Menu select "Edit" ---> "Create View".
 2. "Advanced Options"
 1. "Condition Network: Preview Histogram"
 This option will calculate and display the histogram of the condition matrix expression data distribution. In the histogram window the user can select the low and high cutoffs by manually typing them into the appropriate "Cutoff" text boxes. The user can choose to use only one set of cutoffs by deselecting the "low" or "high" checkbox. The user can select the number or percent of interactions to be displayed, rather than selecting cutoffs, by typing the number into the "Enter" text box and choosing "Number of Interactions" or "Percent of Interactions". Select "OK" to create the Condition Network using the parameters specified. The parameters specified will be saved for the duration of the Cytoscape session.
 2. "Condition Network: Using Defaults"
 This option will create the condition network using the default cutoffs or the user selected cutoffs from the previous execution of the ExpressionCorrelation Plugin in this Cytoscape session.
 3. "Gene Network: Preview Histogram"
 This option will calculate and display the histogram of the gene matrix expression data distribution and create the gene network according to the parameters specified by the user.
 4. "Gene Network: Using Defaults"
 This option will create the gene network using the default cutoffs or the user selected cutoffs from the previous run of the ExpressionCorrelation Plugin in this Cytoscape session.
5. Biological Relevance
The ExpressionCorrelation Plugin allows for comparison of multiple networks of similarity relationships between genes that are derived from different subsets of conditions. It may be used to define modules (sets of genes - network nodes - in the simplest form) that can differentiate between stages or types of cancer. The differences between the networks can be computed using the Merge feature in Cytoscape.
6. Sample Data
Sample data containing 300 expression experiments from the Rosetta yeast compendium can be downloaded from here: Rosetta.mrna
Sample data containing 158 expression experiments from the human gene atlas project ( can be downloaded from here: human.mrna
7. Known Issues
 1. If the plugin runs out of memory (e.g. by trying to build too large a network) there is no out of memory message to the user.
 2. Under Cytoscape 2.6.x, sessions saved via the plugin cannot be reloaded (please use Cytoscape 2.5.2)
8. Contacts
This plugin was originally developed by Elena Potylitsine, Weston Whitaker and Gary Bader in the Sander Group, Computational Biology Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York City and has been updated by Shirley Hui and Laetitia Morrison in the Bader lab.
This software is made available under the LGPL (Lesser General Public License), which means that you can freely use it within your own software, but if you alter the code itself and distribute it, you must make the source code alterations freely available as well.
Source code is available at
This product includes jmathplot developed by the Yann Richet (
Software/ExpressionCorrelation (last edited 2013-04-


3.7.6 _USER_: Environment Indenting
The Texinfo processors indent each line of _USER_ and similar environments. You can use the _USER_ command to specify this indentation. Write an _USER_ command at the beginning of a line followed by either 'asis' or a number:
_USER_ indent
The indentation is according to the value of indent:
Do not change the existing indentation (not implemented in TeX).
Omit all indentation.
Indent environments by n space characters in Info output, by n ems in TeX.
The default value of indent is 5 spaces in Info, and 0.4in in TeX, which is somewhat less. (The reduction is to help TeX fit more characters onto physical lines.)
It is best to write the _USER_ command before the end-of-header line at the beginning of a Texinfo file, so the region formatting commands indent paragraphs as specified. See Start of Header.


Ballan Playgroup
Play gives children a chance to practice what they are learning.
Playgroup CovidSafe Plan
We need your co-operation in keeping everyone safe and preventing the spread of all illnesses. Even a common cold can be disruptive during this pandemic.
To keep everyone as safe as possible, the following has been put in place:
 - Do not attend playgroup if you or a member of your household has had COVID-19 symptoms in the past five days.
 - Everyone must use hand sanitiser when you arrive and during the session.
 - You must register using the VicHealth QR code at the front door. A backup paper registration will be available.
 - Please BYO food. There will be no shared food provided. Tea and coffee will be available. It is advisable to bring you to own "keep cup" to use. Please wash any hall cups, plates and cutlery you use.
 - Please wear a mask if you cannot maintain social distancing. Spread out and use the whole facility.
After each session, all the toys, furniture and touch points (life doors) will be cleaned down. Please stay and help with this process.
We value families of all kinds, so a part of our support is to provide a safe and vibrant playgroup for Ballan and it's surrounding district.
Playgroup brings young children, parents, carers and communities together to learn and develop through informal play activities and social interaction. It also helps parents and caregivers build social and support networks that encourage and assist them in their valuable parenting role.
When is it on?
Playgroup meets:
every Tuesday from 9:30 am
during school terms
Where is it on?
Playgroup meets at:
St John's Anglican Church Hall
56-58 Simpson St
What does it cost?
Playgroup costs $25 per family per term. This keeps toys in good condition and pays for consumable items.
Find out more
Send us a message and we'll get back to you to answer your questions.
If you leave your phone number, we'll give you a call.
Thanks! Message sent.


What is Automotive Borescope and How to used it?
Automotive endoscope function and testing procedures
What is an Automotive Borescope?
Car borescope is actually one type of industrial endoscopes. Simply speaking, they are instruments that detect and view the internal parts of a car. Generally speaking, many auto repair shops and 4S shops now use this instrument, because, during the maintenance, some of the more secret parts of the car are more difficult to observe with the naked eye, so it is necessary to monitor the inside by means of the instrument. For example, the carbon deposit of the engine and the dirty case of the air conditioner are useful for both inspection and repair.
car borescope-use-in-automotive-8
Automotive videoscope is designed specifically for the automotive manufacturing and maintenance industries. It is mainly used for detecting and diagnosing the wear, carbon deposits, blockages, etc. of automobile engines, cylinders, fuel pipes, engines, mufflers, conveyor systems, differentials, water tanks, fuel tanks, gearboxes, etc., which greatly reduces the repair time and cost. It also avoids damage caused by multiple disassembly and assembly of the machine. It also greatly demonstrates its positive effects on the cleaning and maintenance of car engines.
borescope use in automotive
The automotive endoscope test procedure
1. We need to understand the internal structure of the car, check the specific content and location, and follow the procedures to expand the relevant link instruments and check the power supply.
2. Select the appropriate probe to enter the internal components of the vehicle to be tested. Before the test, it should be clear that obstacles, burrs, etc. in the channel may hinder and inspect the object of the probe.
Care should be taken during the inspection process to ensure that the probe reaches the specified part smoothly. If the probe encounters obvious resistance during the propulsion process, it should stop moving forward immediately. The probe should be slow when it exists. If it is stuck, it should not be pulled hard to avoid damage to the workpiece or probe.
The captured image can be photographed and recorded during the detection process, which is convenient for later processing and analysis.
After the test is completed, the probe should be cleaned and the instrument site cleaned as required.
Articulating-Borescope-use-in-automotive
The feature of yateks articulating automotive borescope
1. Simple, flexible, compact and easy to carry, the soft, small and flexible insertion tube can reach any hidden parts that need to be inspected.
2, intuitive and accurate and easy to implement, and can detect the damage of internal components as early as possible, greatly facilitating the exclusion of safety hazards in the germination stage.
3. The compactness, portability, and mobility of the instrument itself can reduce the work intensity and improve work efficiency.
4. The repair cost is reduced, and the damage caused by multiple disassembly and assembly of the machine parts is avoided.
Use of car endoscopes
Automotive borescopes are mainly used to inspect automobile manufacturing and maintenance, precision machining, petrochemical, military manufacturing, small apertures in small equipment, internal conditions of small gaps, wear of mechanical gear parts, looseness, and quality inspection of grease pump.
N-series-Digital-Borescope-Inspection-Camera
Application of Industrial Endoscope in Automobile Inspection and Repair
Industrial endoscopes are new high-tech products designed and produced according to the inspection requirements of the inner surfaces of straight pipes such as petrochemicals, industrial machinery, electrical and electronic industries, and aerospace. Industrial endoscopes are also widely used in the automobile production and maintenance industry.
In the cleaning and maintenance of car engines, car endoscopes are also a good helper. The diagnosis of valve carbon deposits has always been a problem in the automotive repair industry. Generally speaking, there are two diagnostic methods in professional repair shops.
1. Traditional disassembly method
That is, take the engine apart and check if there is a carbon deposit. This is intuitive but time-consuming and laborious, and no matter what components are disassembled once, it will affect its performance more or less, reducing its service life.
2, Car endoscopy
Remove the spark plug or the injector and use an endoscope to observe the degree of carbon deposits on the valve. The main feature is that the formation and combustion process of the mixture in the combustion chamber and the working state of the cylinder, the gas valve and the piston crown at high temperature can be observed under the working condition of the engine, and the above image is identified by the crank angle by a high-speed camera. Record it. At the same time, it can be connected to a computer and can be called, slow-released, partially enlarged and interpreted at a certain time by means of corresponding image processing software. This visualization technique is not only a good assistant for automotive design and development but also a tool for automotive technical training and teaching.
Articulating automotive borescope have been widely recognized by users in the auto repair industry, and its simple and flexible operation is an indispensable test and diagnostic tool in the auto repair industry.
Yateks Optoelectronic Industrial Endoscope integrates light, electricity, and image. N series video industrial endoscope is equipped with a high-resolution color image, which makes the image clearer, allowing the operator to use high-definition color images to observe the suspected points and faults. The part uses a unique image software processing system to freeze, enlarge, and analyze, greatly improving the accuracy of determining the fault location of the car.
1, piston and spark plug carbon check
The carbon deposit check can be judged by "disintegration", that is, disassembling the car engine or observing the feedback voltage change, but these two methods have higher professional requirements, and using the car endoscope to check the car engine, it can pass the spark plug hole or spray The nozzle can directly observe various faults inside the cylinder.
To inspect the piston and spark plug carbon
B-series-Portable-Industrial-Borescope-6 B-series-Portable-Industrial-Borescope-7
2, the inner wall of the exhaust pipe
Checking the real shot of the exhaust pipe, it is obvious that there is a slight welding hole in the exhaust pipe wall.
3, Auto parts testing
It is obvious that there is a tiny welding hole in the exhaust pipe wall.
Detect whether there are cracks, pigmentation, etc. inside the auto parts. The measured hole is bent. The minimum diameter is 4MM, which cannot be directly observed.
P-series-automotive-endoscope-used-in-auto-parts-inspection
4, Automotive casting inspection
In the inspection of automobile castings, it is mainly to check the internal impurities and trachoma of the product.
Automotive casting inspection
5, Engine cylinder
Engine cylinder
6, engine exhaust catalytic converter detection Figure 6 is Yatai Optoelectronics HIE high-definition video endoscope in the Dongfeng Automotive Technology Center to detect the exhaust catalytic converter
7, cylinder head detection
The foundry inspects the cylinder head of the cylinder for internal flaw detection to determine whether it is qualified.
borescope-use-in-automobile-engine-aluminum-cylinder-head
In addition, automotive endoscopes can also be used in gearbox inspection, water tank, fuel tank inspection, fuel injection hole detection, etc.
Therefore, the automotive borescope is not only an artifact for car owners to understand the condition of the car, but also a new generation of maintenance tools for non-destructive testing of vehicles in the field of vehicle maintenance.
Articulating car borescope for sale
B-series Automotive Borescope
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