text:
How To Let Certain Unix-User To Access Only One Directory, e.g.
I want to let the following username dimension to access the following directory only /var/opt/test/reports/*
How i can make that via Unix?
The simplest way to do that is use negative ACL, i.e., explicitly forbidding user (call him *user_no*) from using any directory, except the one you mentioned.
After installing ACL, the following command
will prevent him access to your home. You must remember to block explicitly every place from you wish to bar him, but you must remember to allow use of some directorie s (/usr, /bin..) otherwise you will bar him also from using regular Unix commands.
You should also allow him use of his home directory (I do no think an account can work with that at all), and the directory you mentioned above.
Alternatively, you can chroot the account. This can be done in two ways: in the first, you only allow ssh access, in the second you chroot the shell account. The second method is more complicated, and I never tried it, so I can offer no guidance. You can Google chroot shell account. The first method is simple, just modify the file /etc/ssh/sshd_config introducing these lines at the very bottom:
This binds the user to his home directory (%h above) and ensures that he has access to internal-sftp help. Also, add the user_no to the sftp group as follows:
The important command is the second one: it makes sure the user will never get shell access.
Lastly, create a symbolic link, in the user home directory, to the directory to which you wish to allow him access:
This creates a subdirectory to which he has access, but cannot create any file, only work on the existing ones. If you want to allow him to create files, you will have to change the permissions on /var/opt/test/reports.


text: Abstract Ventilator-dependent children are surviving longer and increasing in number. This qualitative study was undertaken to describe the impact of a ventilator-dependent child on 10 families and to describe the management styles used by the parents. In five families, the child remained hospitalized due to the disability while in the other five the child primarily lived at home. Three major themes in managing were elicited: barriers, resources, and parenting. Parents believed they should try to normalize their child's experiences, that interactions with health care professionals required negotiation and assertiveness, and that they needed some support person(s) outside of the family.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Hyrkan State Reservation is situatod in southest part of Azerbaijan Republic, on the coast of the Caspian Sea, in Lankaran Administrative District at 38° 30' 34" of northérn latitude and 48° 45'50" of eastern longitude.
The reservation was established by the Decree No. 272 of June 18, 1969 of the Soviet of Ministers. Its territory is 2,9 thousand hectares and is protected by the State. The flora of the reservation consist of 1900 species; 162 of them are endemic, 95 of them are rare and 38 are being depletod and disappeared. There are widely spread valuable and unique trees in the tree stratum such as Ironwood (Porrotia persica), Persimmon (Diospyrus lotus), Silk Tree (Albir~ia julibrissin), Chestnut-leaved Oak (Quercus castaneifolia), Hyrkan Fig (Ficus hyrcana), Hyrkan Zelkova (Zelkowa carpunifolia) etc. There a unique fauna in the reservation as well.
Hyrkan State Reservation is a unique natural territory in the Worid with its fascinating nature, rich vegetation, hills covered by endemic and relic trees and shrubs, with suitable subtropical climate.
Being adjacent the Caspian Sea, close to main roads and rail roads, the reservation is of great importance from the point of view of tourism and establishment of the national park. There are suitable conditions for this purpose in the Reservation.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The Friends of the Flycatcher after school club based on La Digue has installed eight bird baths on the island for the benefit of the Seychelles Paradise Flycatcher (Veuve). The baths were set up at the Veuve Reserve, the La Digue School, the Flycatcher Lodge, Villa Veuve, and the Community Centre at La Passe.
Bird baths are man-made shallow pools from which birds can drink, bathe, preen or cool off. They are normally made in the form of a basin.
A source of water is as important to birds as is food. Apart from drinking, water also removes dust, loose feathers, parasites and other debris from a bird's plumage.
The Seychelles Paradise Flycatcher favours native Badamier and Takamaka dominated broad-leaved plateau woodland in proximity to wetland areas for its habitat, with territory density increasing higher up on the island. The wetlands and marshes are also important as breeding grounds for insects, which the birds eat.
"But in the dry season the marshes dry up. We have observed flycatchers going into people's gardens looking for water and sometimes they come down low to the ground to buckets of water to drink and wash. This places them in danger of drinking detergent and being caught by cats while on the ground," says Josiana Rose of the Seychelles National Parks Authority (SNPA), and the education officer at the Veuve Reserve.
"Provision of water baths for the flycatcher will give them safe and easy access to water for drinking and bathing during the dry season that persists for many months," she says.
Nature Seychelles and the SNPA and have been promoting the conservation of the Critically Endangered flycatcher through an advocacy and education project whose aim is to help protect the species in its stronghold on La Digue. The project is part of BirdLife International (Nature Seychelles is BirdLife partner) Preventing Extinctions Programme and is supported by Viking's Optical of the United Kingdom. It's under this partnership that the Friends of the Flycatcher was started at the school.
Although still in its infancy, the club has been involved in a number of activities including cleaning up the island on World Clean-up Day and planting trees in the Veuve Reserve.
"Awareness of the significance of a species needs is a necessary prerequisite to supporting conservation action. By adding these water features we are teaching the children to care for the bird and its habitat," says Martin Varley, Nature Seychelles' Community Coordinator.
The baths are made of fibre glass and stand up to four feet above the ground on a wooden base.
"We are right next to the Reserve and the birds come here to the Badamier and the Bread-fruit trees, so the birds will have somewhere to drink and preen," said Mr. Michel Madeleine the head teacher of the La Digue School after a bath had been installed at his school. The school is the custodian of the flycatcher club and to its credit it now has one of the most active clubs in La Digue.
At the Paradise Flycatcher Lodge, which takes its name after the bird, an excited Mrs. Lucy Ericksson, a tourist from Sweden, was honoured to be part of the installation. Mrs. Ericksson who is originally from Tanzania was visiting Seychelles on the occasion of her 30th anniversary and was staying at the lodge when the club arrived for the activity. A primary school teacher back in Sweden she happily video-taped the activity for her students. "I am very lucky to be part of this," she said.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the protein requirement of juvenile Trichogaster lalius, blue variety. The experimental design was of randomised blocks (B1 = initial weight of 1.04±0.05 g and B2 = 1.36±0.02 g), with two replicates within each block and five treatments (230, 270, 310, 350 and 390 g CP/kg diet). The fish were fed to satiation, three times a day for 90 days. The study evaluated: survival rate, weight gain, final length, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, specific growth rate and condition factor. There was a linear effect of dietary protein levels for protein efficiency ratio, specific growth rate (positive linear effect) and feed conversion ratio (negative linear effect). For weight gain, final length, feed intake and condition factor a quadratic effect of dietary protein levels was observed, with estimated values of 409.8, 366.2, 317.4 and 365.0 g CP/kg diet, to improve their performance parameters. Analysis of growth based on the length of the fish shows that 366.2 g of CP/kg diet meets the protein requirement of juvenile Trichogaster lalius, blue variety.
dwarf gourami; growth performance; nutrient requirements; ornamental fish


text:
Optimal Design of Roller One Way Clutch for Starter Drives 2004-01-1151
The starter drive clutch is a one way roller clutch and a key component in a starter motor that is used to crank internal combustion engines. The starter drive clutch transmits torque from an electrical motor to a ring gear mounted on a cranking shaft in an engine thus cranks the engine. The clutch also prevents the whole starter from damage caused by extremely high load and/or extremely high speed applied to the starter pinion from the engine.
Drive slippage and barrel cracking are two major failure modes for the starter drive. Insufficient torque capacity results in drive slippage while excessive high hoop stress on the clutch barrel ring causes barrel crack. To eliminate drive slippage failure, the clutch should be designed with high torque capacity. High torque capacity, however, is a cause of high hoop stress on the barrel that may result in the cracked barrel failure. Higher torque capacity and lower hoop stress are two completely opposite design directions. So, an optimal design approach should be applied to the clutch design. The optimal design of the clutch is maximizing torque capacity of the clutch and minimizing hoop stress on the barrel. Thus, optimization of the clutch is to design a clutch to achieve maximum torque and minimum hoop stress. To achieve this goal, an optimization model is derived based on the mechanism of the clutch. A sensitivity analysis is used to select the most effective parameters for the optimization in this multiple variables optimization. A constant strut angle is introduced to reduce changing strut angle during the clutch works. Finally, a case study shows this optimal design approach improved clutch design.


text: The broken tea is divided into traditional and non-traditional methods. Non-traditional methods are divided into Rotorvane method, C.T.C method, Leger method and L.T.P method. The product quality of various types of methods varies, but the color classification of red broken tea and the appearance and specifications of various types are basically the same. Red broken tea leaves tea, broken tea, tea, tea, four kinds of color specifications. Outside the leaf tea form a strip, requiring the tight cords, Ying Long, homogeneous Qi, pure color, there is gold (or less or no gold). The endoplasmic soup is red-brown (or bright red), and the aroma is fresh and irritating. According to its quality, it is divided into two types, Flowery Orange Pekoe (F.O.P.) and O.P. The shape of the broken tea is granular, and it is required that the particles be heavy and uniform and contain no or a few millimeters. The color is black and lustrous. The inner quality of the soup is red, and the flavor is fresh and strong. According to the quality, the broken flower is orange. Broken Orange Pokoe referred to as FB.OP), BOP, BP and other colors. The shape of the tea is in the form of agaric flakes, and it is required to be solid and uniform. The soup has a strong aroma and is classified according to quality as "Flowery Broken Orange Pekoe Fanning" (FBOPF for short) and "Crushed Orange, Yellow, White, and Chips" ( BOPF), "PF", "Orange" (OF) and "chip" (F) and other colors. Dust (abbreviated as D) has a sand-like appearance, requiring heavy solids, dark and dark color, and a dark, intense, astringent flavor. For the above four categories, leaf tea can not contain broken tea, broken tea does not contain flakes of tea, tea does not contain tea gray, specifications are clear, strict requirements.


Im Dezember waren wir in Kapstadt und durften wir Mo Khalpey kennen lernen. Eine beeindruckende Persönlichkeit, die uns gern in unserer Arbeit mit Sibo unterstützen möchte. Was genau Mo macht könnt ihr im nachfolgenden Text lesen. (leider momentan nur auf Englisch verfügbar)
Mo Khalpey is an Author, life coach, energy-exchange specialist, hypnotherapist, NLP practitioner, Graphologist, meditation master and teacher.
Mo has authored the book "The Art of Language: the words we speak can make or break us". This book is based on a ten year study of how our internal dialogue affects our daily life and can be the obstacles that hold us back from achieving our goals. This book further delves into the four forms of subconscious language that helps with behavioural modification for higher potential. Mo has also written books on meditation especially meditations for achieving goals.
Mo specialises in the subconscious mind and coaching self-empowerment, defining and focusing of goals, creating Life Plan Blueprints and guiding individuals and groups to reach their highest potential.
Mo also specialises in sports performance and the performance arts. Creating unique meditative and visualisation techniques that are customised to the individuals needs to fully access their subconscious level for greater performance in sports, overcoming pre-game anxiety and stress. These techniques also work well with stage anxiety for actors and helps with achieving greater confidence for auditions and stage performances.
Mo is currently working with athletes helping them overcome pre-race anxiety and having greater confidence in themselves. Working with athletes at a subconscious level which allows for better performance, higher energy levels during races and improving their times of completion. These techniques also assist in overcoming sports injuries at a faster level as well as helping athletes regain their confidence quickly after suffering an injury.
The empowerment techniques Mo coaching helps people gain more confidence in starting their own businesses, reaching higher levels in their career as well as living a powerful and healthy life.


text:
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Space Rocket Leaving Mars and Heading Back to Earth
Asteroid hitting Earth and exploding
Moving Towards the Earth
Earth Map explode, particles gathering, space for text
A stylized animated background of a meteor heading for a dramatic collision with the Earth's equator.
A stylized animated background of a meteor heading for a dramatic collision with the Earth's north pole.
Asteroid flies towards Earth. 3D animation
Asteroids flying towards earth, going to hit
Asteroid hitting Earth exploding and dislocating clouds in a massive shock wave
Asteroid or meteoroid moving towards Planet Earth Full HD
Futuristic spaceship flying in space towards earth - 24 fps


Case Study
Stand Together
Understanding the process of engagement in social change movements.
Stand Together is an organization interested in supporting and building organizations and related programs that encourage and support millions of everyday people who want to drive meaningful social change from the ground up. They needed to know how best to connect with people seeking social change, and how to strengthen those Americans' engagement with an issue or cause.
We used our innovative Journey Mapping approach to understand how individuals who want to make a difference progress from initially being aware of a problem to being a leader in that issue or field.
This approach uncovered pivotal moments in the journey and the broad needs and roles that must be filled along the way.
Our program identified the key points where a person engaging in social change may get stuck, need additional encouragement or education. The sticking points on the journey were matched with concrete actions, which an outside organization like Stand Together can take, to retain and expand the number of Americans engaged in meaningful change. The project gave Stand Together key insights needed to keep their program moving forward.


FAQs Welcome to the Antioch-Chichibu Sister City Program
Antioch-Chichibu Sister City Organization Logo
Home | Our History | Visiting Japan | Culture | Be a Delegate | Be a Host | FAQs | News
Q: Where is Chichibu (秩父市)?
A: Chichibu City is located in Saitama prefecture (roughly equivalent to a State in the US), on the main island of Japan (see map). Present population of Chichibu city is approximately 69,000. The city was formally "incorporated" in 1950, but Japanese have lived in this area for thousands of years.
Interestingly, like Antioch, there is a river that runs through Chichibu – the Arakawa River - and Mount Buko rises south of the city center. These geographical similarities are part of what initially prompted Chichibu to be proposed for a Sister City in Japan. For more information see this wikipedia link.
Q: How old does a student have to be to visit Japan through this program?
A: The minimum age is 16. Please see information for interested delegates for more information.
Q: Are vaccinations needed to visit Japan?
A: No vaccinations are needed, although making sure you are up-to-date on your regular vaccinations is recommended. More health information can be found online through the CDC Travelers Page.
Q: What is the time difference between Chichibu and Antioch?
A: Chichibu is 17 hours "ahead" of Antioch, that is, at 7:00PM Monday in Antioch, it is Noon Tuesday in Chichibu. Communication between the two cities is convenient from 3:00 PM Antioch time (8:00AM the next day in Chichibu) to 7:00 PM Antioch time (12:Noon the next day in Chichibu).
Q: How difficult will it be to "navigate" in Japan; do many Japanese speak English?
A: Delegates are most often with their host family and/or the delegation who will help them navigate about Japan.
Delegates should also always have the contact information for the group leader on hand in case the need for additional help should arise.
Smart phones with translator aps are very useful, however, due to the radical difference in sentence structure between the Japanese language and English, these aids are often not as easy to use as one would hope.
Many Japanese we meet in our visits speak some English, as English is taught starting in the third grade. Interestingly, their written English is generally superior to their spoken English, as English is often learned from books, with less stress on verbal communication. Sometimes communication between delegates from Chichibu and their hosts in Antioch is easier by writing notes.
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Q: How can I get money in Japan?
A: Currencies can be exchanged at either airport. In the visit of 2015, the exchange rate was more favorable at the Narita Airport in Japan.Note that most of the costs to delegates (food, lodging) will be covered by our host families. For personal spending (Ice cream? Souvenirs?) Yen will be needed.
Japan is a cash-based society so you will want to have cash on you at all times.
Once in Japan, you can get cash 3 ways:
 - Use your Visa Delta/Cirrus/Plus (check the back of your card for these logos) debit card to get from a CashPoint/ATM machine. These can be found at the local post office, some 7Elevens, and there are some Citibank ATMs as well. There is usually an English option on the menu once you enter your card. Make sure to notify your bank that you will be withdrawing money from Japan, or they may freeze your card.
 - Use Travelers Checks and exchange at the airport or at the local bank counter.
 - Exchange cash at a JUSCO store (big grocery and department store). They often have money exchange machines (dollars to yet) on the first floor.
Most large businesses and restaurants will accept credit cards, but you will use cash for smaller businesses
Keep in mind that any time you exchange dollars for Yen, you are selling your dollars and buying Yen, and there will be handling fee for this service (often 3% of your purchase or withdrawal) in addition to the exchange rate, which is "bundled" into the nominal exchange rate. This bundled fee results in the difference between the nominal rate of yen per dollar and dollars per yen. You can view the current exchange rate online through Google or Xe.com and your credit card and bank will let you know their additional service charges
Here is a link to interesting information regarding costs in Japan.
Back to top
Q: Will my cell phone work in Japan?
Example: AT&T Pay-per-Use
 - Without international package: $2.50/min
 - With international package: $1.69/min + $5.99/month
A: Maybe. Most newer smart phones will work in Japan on international roaming. Check with your cell provider for rates and prices.
Renting an international sim card before you depart will allow you to use your phone in Japan. There are several options online for this, including PicCell Wireless. However, for trips less than 2 weeks, International roaming and calling cards may suffice. You can use a calling card bought in the U.S. or buy one in Japan. Often you can find calling cards at the airport or at 7-Eleven in Japan.
Example: Mobil 1
 - Using WiFi: free text, calls to the US, internet surfing.
 - Using WiFi: calls to non-US numbers, including Japanese numbers: $0.20 per minute.
 - Non-WiFi calls to the US: $0.20 per minute
International Data roaming plans are for a very small amount of data, and you can rack up VERY large bills quickly if you use it too much. It is recommended that you ONLY use data when connected to WiFi; you can disable data in your phone settings. It does not cost anything to connect to WiFi and you can do that from any hotspot.
3G service is standard in Chichibu.
Texting will likely be at no charge.
"Being Smart About Phone Fees Overseas" NY Times
Q: How do I call to Japan from the U.S.
A: The Country Code for Japan 81. From most phones, dial 011+81+phone number.
For example, the City of Chichibu phone number is 0494-22-2211. From the U.S., you would dial: 011+81+274+494-22-2211. As you see, you drop the "0" from the number given in Japan. When calling a Japanese number from inside Japan, you would use that "0." Toll-free numbers in Japan begin with 0120 or 0088. See _URL_ for more information.
How do I call to the U.S. from Japan?
A: The international access number when calling from Japan is 010; and the US code is 1.
From most phones, dial 010+1+area code+phone number.
For example, the City of Antioch phone number is _PHONE_. If you are using a Japanese-based calling card in Japan, you would dial: 010+1+_PHONE_. See _URL_ for more information.
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Other useful links:
Department of State Japan Consular Info Sheet
Centers for Disease Control Japan Travel Page
Japanese Consulate, SF:
US Embassy, Tokyo
More Questions?
Send your question to Antioch-Chichibu helpers
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Let's not repeat a terrible history, urges Berzins
 - 2014-05-08
 - From wire reports, RIGA
On May 8, remembering the Defeat of Nazism and Commemoration Day of Victims of World War II, Latvian President Andris Berzins urges the community not to permit attempts to re-write Latvia's history and repeat the turn of events of World War II, reports LETA.
"World War II was the most terrible massacre, stemming from an absurd ideology turned into an era of obsessive authoritarianism," Berzins said. He recalled that World War II ended only 69 years ago and that the memories will never fade.
Berzins believes that the commemoration of the victims will always be a sacred gesture, and those who died because of Nazi ideology should be remembered every year on May 8.
"At a time rife with armed conflict and people dying every day, when uncertainty and ignorance prevail over answers to questions, contemplating World War II is especially harsh. Humanity cannot allow a similar recurrence of historical events," Berzins stressed.
"Our strength and the future of our country exist in a united vision about an independent Latvia," Berzins said. He urges a halt to questioning this and the attempts to re-write history. He called for commemoration of the war victims on May 8 in a ceremony to be held at Riga's Brethren Cemetery.


Category: Textual Studies
ESTS Conference: I <3 Amsterdam
Just returned from an exceptional few days in Amsterdam, where the ESTS Conference was held last week. The Dutch are wonderful hosts. Without exception (at the conference and throughout Amsterdam), whether assisting with conference details, technology, or more touristic ventures, the people were gracious. My* […]
why textual studies?
Why subsume transcription and textual study within a History of the English Language course? Because close textual study cultivates an understanding of the intimate link between historical language change, the human (i.e. social, political, economic, migratory…) forces responsible for it, and the speakers and writers (dead […]


Haskell and Maple FFI
Rafael Martinez Torres rmartine at fdi.ucm.es
Mon Sep 20 10:46:45 EDT 2004
> Making it possible to call Maple would be very cool. Can you give more detail
> about Open Maple?
 OpenMaple is a suite of functions that allows you to access Maple
algorithms and data structures in your compiled C program. This is the
reverse of ExternalCalling, which allows access to C data structures from Maple.
> If I was doing this, I'd start by writing some C code that interfaces to
> use the FFI to invoke the Maple FFI functions for pushing arguments, popping
> results, etc. and use the the FFI libraries which have lots of useful
> functions for marshaling arguments from Haskell to other formats.
> prototype in C, translate to Haskell. At this point, don't worry too much
> about the fact that the simplest function call seems to require 10-20 lines
> [The Open Maple manual probably has a list of examples used to illustrate the
> it just won't work, step back and write a prototype in C.
Examples ( taken from Open Maple. kv stands for a handle for the Maple
 _TAG_ "maplec.h"
 ALGEB M_DECL MyStats( MKernelVector kv, ALGEB *args )
 ALGEB mean, sd, f;
 if( 1!= MapleNumArgs(kv,(ALGEB)args) ) {
 MapleRaiseError(kv,"one argument expected");
 return( NULL );
 if(!IsMapleList(kv,args[1]) ) {
 MapleRaiseError(kv,"list expected");
 return( NULL );
 /* get the name of the function to call, and compute the mean */
 f = EvalMapleStatement(kv,"stats[describe,mean]:");
 mean = EvalMapleProc(kv,f,1,args[1]);
 /* compute the standard deviation using a different method -- build
 up the function object and call MapleEval on it
 f = EvalMapleStatement(kv,"stats[describe,standarddeviation]:");
 f = ToMapleFunction(kv,f,1,args[1]);
 sd = MapleEval(kv,f);
 /* return the pair */
 return( ToMapleExpressionSequence(kv,2,mean,sd) );
Is it what do you mean?
Then, I could use the maple kernel under a "ccall" convention, I mean:
foreign export ccall "MyStats" MyStats :: MKenelVector -> [Args]...
> Ask us as you run into problems.
Rather what I would like is to write code in a file foo.maple and then,
when invoking the function, to invoke the key funcion in C:
sd = MapleEval(kv,f)
IDEA : the RTS in the startup function should initialize
and instance of the Maple kernel (kv) given a (*.maple) file (exactly as a
JVM loads the.class file), once detected a maple call at compiling time. The (*.maple)
should be provided by the end user, as when a dynamic library is provided.
OpenMaple allows the C-programmer to initialize the Maple Interpreter;
Further calls to Maple-wrapper functions will act only as calls the
"MapleEval" function, provided parameters... Once you have setup the
Maple handle, it seems like to deal with a C library like HOPenGL
Rigth?
I don't know on Marshalling/UnMarshalling...
> Once you can do all that, there's a bunch of tricks you can play with
> typeclasses to reduce the number of lines of code you have to write from
> --
> Alastair Reid
More information about the FFI mailing list


text:
When it comes to selecting a wooden floor for use within your property it can seem a daunting proposal. So many questions can arise seemingly out of nowhere. These questions can range from what wood type to select, what sheen will best complement the rooms existing décor and which surface will prove most durable over the years to come? V4 Flooring understand that selecting a wooden floor is not always straight forward, due to this we have created a four stage selection process which enables you to easily and effectively identify the wooden floor which matches your requirements and personal tastes.
Selecting A Wooden Floor: Four Easy Steps
1. Choose the right floor for you:
The first stage in selecting a wooden floor is to decide which material you wish to use. When selecting a floor type it is not only the aesthetic appearance which should be taken into account. There are a number of other effects which are equally if not more important, which need to be taken into account. To demonstrate it is important to know whether a particular flooring type is compatible with underfloor heating. Other factors which should be considered are whether the flooring can be resealed if necessary. This is an important factor, if for some reason the flooring needs to be brought up in order to address an unrelated plumbing or electrical problem, boards which can be resealed can be replaced once work is finished. Boards which cannot be resealed on the other hand cannot.
2. Select your preferred grading type:
Once you have selected a flooring type, it is time to consider the type of grading which most appeals. At V4 Flooring we make use of 3 tasteful grading variations. These variations include:
- AB Select/Natural Grade: This grading can feature some light sapwood around the edges of the board. In addition, boards of this grade type may feature some small sound knots and smaller filled knots both of which greatly enhance the natural effect of the grade.
- ABC Mixed Grade: This grading is popular in a number of wood types, most notably Walnut. This grade features a higher variation of grain and wood colour. In addition this grade features a greater number of sound ad filled knots than found in the AB Select/Natural grade type. With this grade type, dark streaks and a number of small, filled cracks may be present.
- CD Rustic Grade: Using more economical timber types provides greater grain and colour variation within the flooring. Flooring of this grade type tends to feature large sound knots and a greater number of filled knots than on other grade types.
3. Choose the right finish type:
A number of finish types are available on wooden flooring. Each of these have their own maintenance requirements. The three finish types which V4 Flooring use include:
- Lacquer: Under this finishing method the top layer of the wooden surface is coated with five individual layers of primer coats. Added to this are at least two additional coats of a UV cured Treffert aluminium oxide lacquer. This method produces a surface which is both hard wearing and also low maintenance.
- Natural Oil: This finish is created with up to four coats of natural WOCA oil. This oil is applied with rollers, each successive layer is buffed into the top layer of the panel. This process not only permeates the grain of the plank but also adds a matt sheen which is then left to cure. The natural oil finish produces the most natural effect of the three finish types.
- UV Oil: The process to create this effect is similar to the one used to create the natural oil finish. Where it differs however is each coat is cured using a UV light. This process produces a slight satin sheen on the surface on the panels.
4. Finally choose the optimum surface:
V4 Concrete make use of a number of different techniques, in order to provide a range of varied surface finishes. Each of these techniques produces a visually different aesthetic effect. The techniques include:
- Brushed: With this technique a steel brush is utilised in order to remove soft grain from the surface of the flooring. This technique greatly enhances the natural beauty of the woods natural grain.
- Hand Scraped: In order to be successful this technique must be undertaken by skilled and experienced craftsmen. The process involves using hand tools in order to scrape out the woods soft grain whilst following the natural contours of the wood.
- Distressed: To achieve this effect a number of techniques are used. These techniques give the wood an aged appearance. The skill of this technique is making the distressed effect look authentic and natural.
- Stained: In order to create this effect the wood panels are stained. The stain is applied with rollers, this is then buffed in order to enable the stain to penetrate the top level of the wood. The panel is then sealed with either oil or lacquer.
- Smoked: With this effect the timber is placed for three days in a drying room. The drying room is filled with ammonia vapour or ‚Äúsmoke‚Äù which causes the woods colour to darken.
- Carbonised: To achieve this effect the timber is baked in a kiln causing the soft grain to be consumed. This causes the wood to blacken and the grain texture becomes exposed.


text:
Moments in a four
Professor John D. Barrow
or how a cosmologist from Cambridge
University, with a passion for bringing
mathematics to the general public, proved (in his spare time) that the standard rigging
set up for a rowing four or eight really isn't the right way to set up a boat if you want
© MaxAlexander 2009
Rigging a four or an eight the standard way makes
no sense when it comes to making the boat go
in a straight line. This is the finding of University
of Cambridge professor, John Barrow.
rigging, that is, no sideways wiggle in the boat as
it moves forward through the water.
In basic terms, boat wiggle occurs because the
two parts of the stroke, the drive and the recovery,
the net force, are not the same so Barrow looked
at a line-up where these transverse forces would
cancel each other out.
used in Italy in 1956 by a crew that went on to win
gold at the 1956 Melbourne Olympics.
In his paper entitled, Rowing and the Same-Sum
Problem Have Their Moments (Nov 2009), Barrow uses
mathematical calculations to work out the best
positioning for rowers in a coxless four and then
extrapolates this out into an eight (and bigger boats).
First Barrow shows that the traditional, alternating
of stroke (port) and bow (starboard) side rowers,
rig produces a wiggle if all athletes in the boat are
rowing identically with identical power.
"The traditional rig appears symmetrical
and simple in ways that might tempt you
into thinking it is in every sense optimal.
However, this is not the case." (p 2)
"During the first (catch and drive) part of
the rower's stroke the transverse force at
the oarlock is directed towards the boat but
during the second (extraction and recovery)
phase of the stroke it reverses and is directed
away from the boat." (p 3) "As a result, the
boat will wiggle steadily from side to side
as it moves forward under the influence
of this alternating transverse force." (p 4)
Then Barrow looks at alternative line-ups to see
what combinations would produce 'zero-moment'
Barrow has come up with three possible rigging
line-ups for a four (Figure 1) with only one having
no wiggle. This rig is currently used and is known
widely as the 'Italian' rig (Fig. 1 (c)) as it was first
Then Barrow took his calculations into an eights
situation. Barrow found four rigging solutions
where wiggle would not occur – surprisingly >


Implication of blink reflex defect and Parkinson's
Blink reflex has been found to be abnormal in 70% of Parkinson's patients. This associated pathology very strongly supports the jaw misalignment hypothesis of Parkinsonism since trigeminal stimulation impacts blink response.
Blink reflex (see corneal reflex/ Wikipedia)is the closing of the eyelid when the eye is endangered. Blink reflex defects usually involves excess frequency of blinking or decreased frequency of blinking. Greater activation of dopaminergic pathways dopamine production in the striatum is associated with a higher rate of spontaneous eye blinking. Conditions in which there is reduced dopamine availability such as Parkinson's disease have reduced eye blink rate, while conditions in which it is raised such as schizophrenia have an increased rate. Generally, between each blink is an interval of 2–10 seconds; actual rates vary by individual averaging around 10 blinks per minute. Eye blinking can be a criterion for diagnosing medical conditions. For example, excessive blinking may help to indicate the onset of Tourette syndrome, strokes or disorders of the nervous system. A reduced rate of blinking is associated with Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's patients have a distinct serpentine stare that is very recognizable (Wikipedia: blink).
Blink reflex involves trigeminal sensory input, and seventh cranial nerve output. Bite dysfunction can cause altered trigeminal sensory input and thus cause abnormal blink reflex (supported by published literature and case histories in my practice). This close connection with the trigeminal has been overlooked in all the articles I have found on Parkinson's and blink reflex; most articles assume that the blink reflex defect is caused by dysfunction within the brain stem.
Blink reflex defect is also associated with ALS and scleraderma. I am currently writing an article hypothesizing that bite therapy will likely be effective at reversing ALS.
Dr. Jennings
This entry was posted in parkinson's etiology. Bookmark the permalink.
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text:
Chicago – Make plans to attend the IMTS 2014 Conferences to learn about Increasing Part-Inspection Throughput Using Inline Optical Sensors.
DATE: Wednesday, September 10 from 1:15 PM - 2:10 PM ROOM: W-195
SPEAKER: Thomas Tong, Global Sales Manager, LMI Technologies
There is a great need for inline quality inspection and control that will work at the same rate that parts get manufactured. For that to work, optical technologies are often a key component to the part inspection process. This talk will discuss the various strategies and applications where optical sensors are a natural fit versus scenarios where they are not. In additional, it will discuss the different types of measurement technology used in the metrology room and how it differs from the technology being used on the shop floor. The talk will also explore how the technology in the metrology room is slowly being integrated directly on to the assembly line.
Differently types of optical, laser scanning and structured light scanning technologies will be reviewed, dissected, and common implementation problems discussed. The attendee will walk away with an understanding of how the latest optical scanning technologies can improve their company's part inspection processes.
The educational and informative conferences run Sept. 8-11, 2014 in the West Building, Level 1. To register for this or any session, visit _URL_


c. _PHONE_
Yoshihisa Yamanaka
Internees reused wood from fruit and packing crates to build furniture. To provide work opportunities for those with manual skills, the War Relocation Authority [WRA] established both a clothing and furniture factory. A homemaking and building class created a model apartment in Block 7 as part of a project they called, "How a Barracks Becomes a Home." Some people brought books but there were also several libraries in camp. The Manzanar Library expanded to include a collection of 24,000 volumes (20,000 volumes were donated by other libraries), and a periodical subscription of 157 magazines. Popular books of the time included John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath (Pulitzer 1940), and The Yearling by Majorie Kinnan Rawlings (Pulitzer 1939).
Description (physical):
Wood, plastic. H 109.2 W 49.5 D 27.9 cm
5001 Hwy. 395 Independence,California 93526
MANZ 3296
Manzanar National Historic Site


text:
You've hit on one the significant design limitations to the current version of FileMaker security settings. You are indeed limited to controlling access to specific records of a given table, and cannot specify user specific access limits for specific fields.
There are several possible work arounds.
- You have figured this one out already, which is to have several layouts and control access at the layout level by taking the user to different layouts.
- You can split your table into two or more parts linked in one to one relationships. Now you have separate tables so you can make one of those tables the "section" of your form that needs limited access. You can still keep all the fields on the same layout due to the one to one relationship between the two tables.
- You can also control access at the interface level with script triggers that deny access to the field when the user's privilege set is not one where access is permitted. This is fairly easy to set up but requires that you not leave any loop holes in your layout design that enable them to have access where they shouldn't.
- You can use a validation rule to deny all changes to data in a field if the user's privilege set does not allow them to edit that field. They will be allowed access to the field, but when they exit, an error pops up and they are required to revert the changes. This isn't terribly user friendly, but it's a good insurance policy to put in place if you decide to use script triggers to control access to specific fields as it will plug any "gaps" in your system that you may have unintentonally left in place in your interface design.
Amazing feedback as usual.
I take good note of it.


text:
- About FSPH
- Current Students
- Prospective Students
- Alumni Affairs
- Give to the School
UCLA Fielding School of Public Health led-research finds women, particularly US-born Black women, in states with restrictive reproductive rights policies deliver more low birth weight babies and experience greater health inequities
American women living in states with less restrictive reproductive rights policies are less likely to give birth to low-birth weight babies, according to a team led by UCLA Fielding School of Public Health researchers.
Compared to infants of normal weight, low birth weight newborns may be more at risk for numerous health problems. Some infants may become sick in the first six days of life or develop infections. Other children may suffer from long-term problems, including delayed motor and social development or learning disabilities.
The study, published by the American Journal of Preventive Medicine found that mothers, particularly U.S.-born Black women, giving birth in states with less restrictive reproductive rights policies have a 7% lower risk of low-birth weight babies, compared to women in states with more restrictive policies.
"Our study provides evidence that reproductive rights policies play a critical role in advancing maternal and child health equity," said May Sudhinaraset, associate professor of the UCLA Fielding School's Department of Community Health Sciences. "Addressing the adverse consequences of structural racism requires examination of the historical and present-day policies that negatively affect women of color."
Compared with women living in states with the most restrictive reproductive rights policies, women living in the least restrictive states had a 7% lower risk of low-birth weight babies. Low-birth weight risk for newborns was 8% lower among Black mothers living in states with the least restrictive reproductive rights policies, compared with their counterparts living in the most restrictive states.
The study, conducted by researchers at UCLA and the Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, analyzed birth record data for the nearly 4 million births that occurred in the 50 states and the District of Columbia in 2016 to assess the associations between reproductive rights policies and adverse birth outcomes. The investigators, including Jessica D. Gipson, associate professor of the UCLA Fielding School's Department of Community Health Sciences, and Marta Bornstein, a doctoral student at the Fielding School and the UCLA California Center for Population Research, further evaluated if the associations were different for women of color and immigrants.
"This study shines the light on the effect of reproductive rights policies, and the broader social context in which these policies are created and implemented, on women's bodies and the lives and well-being of our children," Gipson said. "It is critical that we continue to assess the negative impacts of restrictive reproductive rights policies, while also identifying supportive policies and programs for women, and particularly Black women, to achieve optimal health for this and for the next generation."
The study indicates that expanding reproductive rights may actually decrease the risk of low-birth weight babies, particularly for US-born Black women. Specifically, the findings showed significant associations between low-birth weight newborns and states' reproductive rights climate among U.S.-born, but not foreign-born, Black women.
"Future studies should assess specific evidence-based policies, particularly highlighting women's lived experiences of policy exclusion or inclusion, and the effects on women and newborn health," Sudhinaraset said. "Important policy levers can and should be implemented to improve women's reproductive health overall, including increasing abortion access and mandatory sex education in schools."
Notes for editors:
The article is "Women's Reproductive Rights Policies and Adverse Birth Outcomes: A State-Level Analysis to Assess the Role of Race and Nativity Status," by May Sudhinaraset, PhD, Dovile Vilda, PhD, Jessica D. Gipson, MPH, PhD, Marta Bornstein, MPH, and Maeve E. Wallace, MPH, PhD (_URL_ It will appear in advance of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, volume 59, issue 6 (December 2020) published by Elsevier.
This work was supported in part by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Grants Numbers R01HD092653 and R01HD096070. Full text of this article is available to credentialed journalists upon request; contact Jillian B. Morgan at _PHONE_ or _EMAIL_.
The UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, founded in 1961, is dedicated to enhancing the public's health by conducting innovative research, training future leaders and health professionals from diverse backgrounds, translating research into policy and practice, and serving our local communities and the communities of the nation and the world. The school has 690 students from 25 nations engaged in carrying out the vision of building healthy futures in greater Los Angeles, California, the nation and the world.


text:
Energy Supply Model Message and Its Application to IIASA's World Region V
The energy supply model MESSAGE (Model for Energy Supply Systems and Their General Environmental Impact) is a dynamic linear programming (DLP) model which minimizes total discounted costs of energy supply over a given time horizon. The main subject of the model is the balancing of demand for secondary energy and supply of primary energy resources via a menu of technologies. The most important model constraints reflect limits on the speed of buildup of technologies, the availability of indigenous and imported resources, and technological relationships. The model considers load regions for electricity demand, disaggregates resources into cost categories, and calculates environmental impacts of energy supply strategies. The model output is used to describe scenarios of energy supply. These scenarios account for the physical flows of energy between primary energy and end use; shadow prices of supply and demand constraints; and environmental impacts of energy supply paths, expressed as emissions and concentrations of pollutants.
KeywordsPrimary Energy Shadow Price Electricity Demand Load Region Primary Energy Consumption
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
- 1.L. Schrattenholzer, The Energy Supply Model MESSAGE, RR-81–31, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria (1981).Google Scholar
- 2.'Energy in a Finite World, A Global Energy Systems Analysis', Report by the Energy Systems Program Group of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Wolf Häfele, Program Leader, Ballinger Publishing Co., Cambridge Mass., U.S.A. (1981).Google Scholar
- 3.L.Schrattenholzer, Documentation of the World Regional Model Runs, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria, forthcoming.Google Scholar
- 4.A.I. Propoi, Dual Systems of Dynamic Linear Programming, RR-77–9, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria (1977).Google Scholar


How To Adjust Suspension On A Dirt Bike
Here's a quick tip on how to adjust the suspension on your dirt bike if it has adjustable forks or shocks. The purpose of adjusting it is to make the suspension perform at its best on certain types of terrain or size/shape of obstacles. The faster you go, the stiffer you'll want your suspension to be. If you are a trail riding, then you will want it to be softer than it would normally be for riding on a motocross track.
.
Front Suspension/Forks
There are two things you can do to the forks without changing your springs, and these are adjusting the compression and rebound speed. As seen in the picture above, number one shows where the clickers are for adjusting the rebound on the bike, and number two shows where the clickers for changing the compression speed on the forks are. To slow down/stiffen either the compression or rebound on the forks, you will want to turn the clickers in/clockwise with a screwdriver. You will hear a "click" about every half turn, and all the way in is about 15 clicks for most bikes. You do the same thing for speeding up/softening the compression and rebound, but instead of turning the clicker in you will turn it out/counter-clockwise.
Rear Suspension/Shock
It's basically the same routine for adjusting the shock, but the clickers aren't in the same spots. Number three shows where the rebound clicker is on the shock, and number four is where the compression clicker is. The shock is usually around fifteen clicks also.
Setting it up for your style
If your bike still has stock suspension and it's not extremely worn out, then the stock springs are usually set up for about a 130-165lb rider for motocross. If you weigh more than that, you'll want stiffer springs, but if you weigh less than that then you'll want softer springs. Another pointer when you're adjusting you clickers is that you want the forks to be equally adjusted. What I mean by that is when you adjust the right side of the forks compression or rebound, then you will want the left side to be the same, otherwise it might not feel right or be as consistent. This does not mean that you have to have the compression adjusted the same as the rebound for either the forks or the shock. I usually keep them the same because I am not the fastest rider and tiny adjustments like that aren't really noticeable for me. If you are picky about your suspension then you make little changes by having different combination settings (check out the Adjusting Your Spring Rate article for more tips on suspension). If you have any questions, feel free to comment. Thanks for viewing, and good luck!
-Tom Stark
What does it mean to have good suspension? How can I improve mine to ride with more comfort, confidence and speed?
You may also like...
4 Responses
 1. scott says:
 what is the stock setting for the clickers on an 02 yz250
 - Tom says:
 Are you asking how many clicks in or out a stock yz250 comes with? I'm not sure right out of the box/showroom, probably halfway in or out. It doesn't really matter what the stock setting is, you want to do trial and error to find what you like. Good luck!
 2. Mike says:
 That looks like a YZ250, pre-2005. I am looking in the manual right now for a 2005 YZ250 and it looks to me like you have the rebound and compression locations swapped on the front fork. Compression is located at the top, and rebound at the bottom. At least, that's what the manual says.
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text:
The JPL Metallurgy Facility is the primary research laboratory of the Materials Development and Manufacturing Technology Group. This lab focuses on early stage research and prototyping aimed at infusing new materials technology into NASA missions. The lab is one of the premier facilities in the country for work in the development of bulk metallic glasses and supports a number of research efforts, including advanced gears and actuators, mechanism, materials for robotics, carbon fiber laminates, spacecraft debris shielding, transparent ceramics, metal injection molding, alloy development, metal matrix composites, thermoplastic forming, gradient alloy design and 3D printing, metal additive manufacturing, among many others. Research in the lab primarily focuses on the creation of new bulk metallic glass alloys, manufacturing them into hardware and then testing that hardware compared to the state-of-the-art. As an example, the lab is able to create new alloys and then cast them into spur gears, test those gears in a gear rig to study their properties and then integrate them into actual gearboxes for environmental testing. The research group also does a substantial amount of metal additive manufacturing research and the lab supports the evaluation of those materials, which are produced by outside partners.
- NASA Game Changing Technology Program for the development of metallic glass gears
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research for the development of metal matrix composites
- NASA flight program on the ISS for studies of sedimentation in metal matrix composites
- JPL/Caltech funding for the development of transparent sample return caches
- Strategic University Research Partnership (JPL/MIT) for hybrid metallic glass bearings


_URL_ Chuff Cam - DCCWiki
Chuff Cam
DCCWiki, a community DCC encyclopedia.
Jump to: navigation, search
Summary: A device for triggering sound effects heard during the operation of an external combustion locomotive.
Front of a steam locomotive. Note the pipes for delivering live steam and exhaust.
Chuff Cam
A Chuff Cam is a cam used with a sound decoder to control the beat of a steam locomotive.
The "beat" is the sound heard as the pistons move, exhausting steam into the blast pipe. The blast pipe is a device positioned below the stack in the smokebox, whose purpose is to provide draft for the fire. Steam exhausted through the stack via the blast pipe provides the draft. Nozzles are used to direct the steam up the stack, propelling combustion gases out of the smokebox in the process.
The chuff cam is used with a wiper to complete an electrical circuit. Sound decoders may be fitted with a wire for this purpose. The cam is installed on an axle, and the wiper is positioned to make or break the circuit. Other methods may use a small disk mounted on the axle against the back of one driver.
It is similar in concept to the ignition systems used in automobiles prior to the advent of electronic ignition. The high voltage was created by opening a switch, (the points) which was actuated by a small cam driven by the camshaft. This timed the spark correctly. The number of lobes on the cam depends on the number of cylinders, such as 4, 6 or 8.
See here for more information on mechanically timed ignition systems. In this application, poor adjustment may result in engine pinging, poor performance, or an engine that will not run (or maybe even backfire during starting.) None of these problems appear in DCC.
The purpose of a chuff cam is to synchronize the beat (or chuffs) with the rotation of the wheels. Most sound decoders have an autochuff feature, which controls the beat using a combination of things, such as motor voltage, back EMF, and throttle settings/changes. Problem is, it is guessing as to the rate the valves would be operating, and as a result, it may not be realistic.
A steam locomotive has 4 beats per wheel revolution. The cam will lock the rate to the revolution of the wheel. Thus, the beat is directly related to the speed of the locomotive. Which means the sound is more realistic than that achieved by using autochuff.
The picture shows a chuff cam (the brass object) mounted on an axle. As this is an articulated locomotive, it has two cams, with four lobes, one for each engine. The cam is electrically live, and the wiper touches one of the four lobes for each revolution, connecting the voltage to the decoder. The decoder interprets that to mean "chuff". A plate is removed on the rear engine, showing the axles, bearings, gearbox, and of course, the cam on the third axle.
Articulated engines have another issue: the two engines will move in and out of sync due to slippage. Soundtraxx has a "slip" feature included in the Tsunami decoder when in "auto exhaust" mode. With cams, that will not happen. Since both engines are driven off the same driveshaft, they cannot operate at different speeds.
The Tsunami will revert to "auto exhaust" when operated in analog mode, as it needs the digital signal found on DCC systems to function.
A chuff cam will add realism to your external combustion motive power.
Installing a Chuff Cam
This will use a Grizzly Mountain Engineering cam as an example.
The first step is to remove the belly pan to gain access to the axles.
Mark one bearing so you can reinstall it properly. (Since the wheels are quartered, they must go back exactly the same way.)
In this example, the crank pins are removed using a special socket driver included with the locomotive. Gently remove the crank pins. Forcing things can damage the tool, the screw head, or both. ONLY REMOVE THE WHEELSET YOU PLAN TO INSTALL A CAM ON! Leave as much of the reciprocating assembly in place as possible. Less things to lose, or misalign later.
Lift the wheelset out. Pay attention, as many will have sprung drivers and you don't want to lose a spring.
Test Fit
In this case the cam slid onto the axle without a lot of effort. Carefully align and install the driver set and check for any interference. Solve those problems before proceeding.
In this example a part of the frame will interfere with the cam. This will not do, so the solution is to mount an end mill in a Dremel tool, and remove some material. The idea is to make clearances for the cam without sacrificing the threaded hole used to fasten the belly pan at this point.
Installation
Follow the manufacturer's instructions. GME recommends preparing the surface with a fine sandpaper, the epoxy the cam in place and set aside to dry. After the epoxy has cured, fit the spacer into the cam, and when it fits correctly, epoxy it into place. After curing, trim any excess epoxy off. In this example, conductive epoxy will be employed, and the axle polished with a brass wire brush mounted in a Dremel tool. The epoxy contains silver and is used in the electronics industry in place of soldering. Don't bother to fit the plastic spacer until later.
The Soundtraxx Chuff Cam:
The connection to the axle is made with conductive paint, such as that used for repairing circuit boards. They recommend buying a cam designed for soldering if you wish to take that route. Conductive paint, often called "Nickel Print", can be used to complete the circuit.
See also


text:
Use of veterinary ultrasound more and more frequent use of the farm which the frequency is very high, many people often have questions, veterinary ultrasound is not used and medical ultrasound like it? Vet ultrasound and Human ultrasound What is the difference? Take a look at the introduction of professionals.
Veterinary ultrasound and Human ultrasound What is the difference with the use of? Experts introduce the following differences:
Application areas are different.
Human ultrasound used mainly for hospitals and clinics, and veterinary ultrasound apply to farms, slaughterhouses, quarantine departments, pet hospitals, livestock and poultry transport sector.
2. Use different. Human ultrasound is mainly used for human placental positioning of the human body, amniotic fluid measurement, but also single-fetal multiple births, fetal development and whether there are abnormal and mole to make early diagnosis. The veterinary ultrasound mainly used to detect animal pregnancy, back fat, eye muscle and so on.
3. The two parts of the measurement of different. Such as the same is to measure the measured object pregnancy, people with ultrasound main can be pelvic, uterus, accessory inspection, and veterinary ultrasound if the pig test pregnancy, you need in the inner thigh, the last nipple lateral abdominal wall exploration , To the cattle measured in the probe is required to enter the rectum diagnosis.
4. Different volume. Medical ultrasound are generally desktop cart type ultrasound, and veterinary ultrasound is a portable ultrasound.
Guangzhou Medsinglong Medical Equipment Co., Ltd are able to offer a range of medical products, such as Ultrasound machine, X-ray machine, Dental equipment, Autoclaves, ECG, Blood analyzer, Biochemical analyzer, Vet ultrasound machine, Radiation protection equipment and so on. Whether the hospital or clinic, or for personal use, you can find your own favorite products. Our mission is; No the best, only better! We are ready to serve you. If you have any needs and questions, with Guangzhou Medsinglong Medical Equipment Co., Ltd contact, Contact website: _URL_


Portal:Conditioners directory
From COLLADA Public Wiki
Revision as of 18:05, 26 September 2011 by Webmaster (talk | contribs) (Undo revision 7101 by LLutz74 (talk))
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Welcome to the COLLADA conditioners portal
A collection of links and articles describing COLLADA conditioners and related tools
A conditioner takes a COLLADA document and performs some kind of operation on it in preparation for its use for a specific purpose or with a specific application.
Related tools
 - COLLADA Refinery is a GUI-based application for creating content pipelines for 3D assets using modular components called conditioners. A pipeline consists of conditioners that pass their resulting documents to the next conditioner.
Can I add a conditioner to this directory?
See instructions for adding to the conditioners directory.
List of COLLADA conditioners
Geometric processing
lines2linestrips Changes all lines into linestrips.
linestrips2lines Changes all linestrips to lines.
Optimizer Rearranges the order of triangles to maximize the cache hit rate for vertices indexes. It works for triangles only.
Triangles2lines Changes all triangles to lines. Duplicate lines might be created.
Trifanner Changes all triangles to trifans.
Tristripper Changes all triangles to tristrips.
Deindexer Rearranges vertices indexes so that each Vertices will reference the corresponding Position, Normal, Texcoord with the same index number. The size of source for position, normal, and texcoord might increase.
Detrifanner Changes all trifans to triangles.
Detristripper Changes all tristrips to triangles.
Polygons2lines Changes all polygons to lines. Duplicate lines might be created.
Polygons2polylists Changes all polygons to polylists.
Polygons2triangles Changes all polygons to triangles.
Polylists2lines Changes all polylists to lines. Duplicate lines might be created.
Polylists2polygons Changes all polylists to polygons.
Polylists2triangles Changes all polylists to triangles.
Axisconverter Converts documents between Y_UP, X_UP, Z_UP.
Packager Collects all dae, image, and other resource files and compresses them into a zip file.
coherencytest Checks whether a COLLADA document is properly composed or coherent.
copyrighter Adds or overwrites the copyright text from a text file.
daestripper Removes all elements of a specific tag from a document. (For example, remove all .)
filename Searches for all resource file references and adds string prefix.
imageconverter Searches for all the images that a document uses and converts them to your desired supported image format. It uses Dev iL image library for image conversion. You must provide the file extension of your desired image format.
kmzcleanup Kmz files created by previous versions of sketchup are not coherent. This conditioner adds the missing elements, such as , to fix the kmz file.
COLLADA Contest entries
CgToGLSL Creates a profile_GLSL out of your existing profile_CG COLLADA effect. This includes shader source compilation using NVIDIAs Cg Compiler.
FxCleaner Optimizes COLLADAFX data by merging redundant effects, or deleting unnecessary parameters.
VertexCacheOptimizer Optimizes COLLADA geometry data by reordering the indices in the triangles section.
Example conditioner example entry.


What is "Room Acoustics"?
"Room Acoustics" is the field of acoustics that describes how sound propagates in a closed or semi-closed space. Each space has its own sound 'fingerprint' which affects the quality of a sound, whether this is speech, music or any kind of noise. Room acoustic engineers try to understand the behaviour of sound in spaces and make them suitable for different purposes. A classroom should be well designed for clean speech transmission from the lecturer to the students, while a concert hall should prolong and enrich the sound from an orchestra to make it sound impressive.
Key elements in Room Acoustics are the sources and receivers of sound, the geometry of the closed space (room) and the materials (acoustic properties) of the walls.
Sources
Sound is generated by sources, mοdified by its propagation in space and then picked up by the receivers.
Point Sources
The simplest type of source is the point source, where sound is assumed to be generated at an ideal point in space. A point source that radiates sound equally to all directions is called omnidirectional. If radiation is not equal (e.g. stronger in front of the source) a directivity pattern is needed to describe it. Point sources and their directivities can be used to represent the majority of sources in real life, but only when the listener is away from the source at least at a distance comparable to the source:
 - A person speaking, where sound comes mostly from the mouth, can be considered a point source if we stand a few centimetres away.
 - A loudspeaker can be considered a point source too if we are listening from at least 1m away.
 - Musical instruments are a little more complicated because they can radiate sound from different parts (the holes, body, strings etc.), but again they are treated as point sources for most practical room acoustic applications.
PA line arrays are typically too large and too close to the listeners, so it is not feasible to approximate it as a point source unless very far away.
Line Sources
If we extend the idea of a 'non-dimensional' point source to the first dimension, we will get a line source. This is simply a line in space that radiates sound constantly throughout its length. This type of source could be used to describe:
 - Traffic noise from a big highway, averaged over time and over many vehicles passing by.
 - Pipes that carry noisy flowing liquid.
 - PA line arrays
Surface Sources
Extending a line source to two dimensions, we get a surface source. In this case sound is radiated from a whole surface, and this type of source can be used to describe:
 - Machines with vibrating surfaces, which are not small enough to be simplified into point sources.
 - Noise from crowd in a restaurant or a party.
Array Sources
The last type of source used in room acoustics is the Array Source. This is composed of two or more point sources next to each other, which form a multipole. The overall directivity pattern of the array source is different than the directivities of each of the point sources, due to phase interferences between them.
Receivers
All humans, animals and live organisms with a hearing system are considered receivers. On top of that, electroacoustic equipment such as microphones are also receivers of sound, helping us pick up even very low levels (inaudible for us) and translating sound waves into electric signals and numerical sequences for further processing.
Similar to sources, the simplest type of receiver is a point and omnidirectional one, meaning that sound is picked equally from all directions. Typically, room acoustic parameters are measured with omnidirectional microphones. In this case any information is stored on 1 channel.
However, when we want to represent how humans listen inside a space, we need to describe the receiver as binaural, meaning that both the left and right ear, and shape of head, should all be taken into account. Listening binaurally is far from picking up sound equally from all directions, and therefore the audio information is stored in 2 channels.
Geometry
The most elementary room shape in practice has at least 6 surfaces (unless you're interested in studying the inside of a pyramid…). All surfaces contribute with reflections to the overall sound from the source to the receiver creating a compound effect, which differs significantly from room to room.
A small part of the sound radiated from any source arrives at the receiver directly (red line in the figure below). There is only one line connecting the source with the receiver directly, therefore there is only one direct sound. If we assume that we have an omnidirectional source, sound is radiated equally to all other directions which eventually hit the walls of the room and get reflected. Many of the reflections will eventually arrive at the receiver at various times after the direct sound, composing a reflectogram. In the figure below, the blue lines represent a 1st order reflection, because sound has hit one wall before arriving to the receiver. On the other hand the green lines represent a 2nd order reflection, because sound has hit two walls before arriving to the receiver.
auditorium sound reflection
Early and Late Reflections
The first reflections arriving at the receiver, after the direct sound, are the most important, because they carry information about the actual location of walls around the receiver. Reflections that arrive much later have hit so many walls in between so that they cannot provide information about actual location but mostly about the volume of the room. For this reason, the reflectogram is typically split into Early and Late reflections, as shown in the figure below. Usually, the 1st and 2nd order reflections are considered Early and the rest are considered Late, but the splitting point is actually arbitrary.
reflectogram
At every reflection, part of the sound is absorbed from the wall and loses energy. This repeating loss of energy makes reflections weaker over time, until the initial sound from the source is fully absorbed at the walls. An ideal wall that does not absorb any energy, would be called a rigid wall, while an ideal wall that absorbs all of the energy would be called a soft wall. In real life these extremes do not exist, so no reflections can be maintained forever, nor completely absorbed at the first wall.
Materials
As mentioned before, walls have the ability to absorb part of the sound energy that hits them. This ability comes from the actual material that the wall is built from, and is quantified by the absorption coefficient, a real number from 0 to 1. The absorption coefficient is simply the non-reflected sound energy (absorbed or transmitted) divided by the sound energy that hits the wall.
For an ideally hard wall, no energy would be absorbed, so the absorption coefficient would be 0, while for an ideally soft wall, all energy would be absorbed, so the absorption coefficient would be 1. An open window is the obvious example of an ideally soft surface.
Each material in room acoustics is associated with an absorption coefficient that varies throughout the frequency range. In Room Acoustics, we are mainly interested in frequencies from 125 Hz to 4000 Hz, divided in 6 full octave bands, centred at 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz. Therefore, a material is described by a series of 6 absorption coefficients. Programs like ODEON work with an additional two octave bands (63 Hz and 8000 Hz), resulting in a total of 8 absorption coefficients.
Additional from the amount of energy lost due to absorption inside a wall, it is interesting to know how the remaining energy is reflected back into the space. If the surface of the wall was ideally smooth, the angle of reflection would be exactly the same as the angle of incidence – as it happens with light that bounces off a mirror. On the other end, if the surface was ideally rough, the reflected sound energy would be scattered (distributed) to random directions (figure below). Again, in reality, no wall is ideally smooth or ideally rough. Therefore, an extra coefficient called scattering coefficient is needed to describe the behaviour of the reflections from real-life walls.
specular and diffuse sound reflection
Specular vs. diffuse reflection. Image adapted from the work of GianniG46.
Similar to the absorption coefficient, the scattering coefficient is a number from 0 to 1, and it is defined as the fraction of the reflected sound energy that is scattered to random directions (different from the angle of specular reflection). In simple words, if all reflected sound had an angle of reflection equal to the angle of incidence on a smooth wall, the scattering coefficient would be 0. On the other hand, if all energy was reflected randomly, the scattering coefficient would be 1.
The Impulse Response
So far, we have seen the reflectogram, as a representation of the reflections arriving at the receiver. However, this is a simplified version of what actually happens in reality. A reflectogram shows only specular reflections and assumes there is no phase difference between them. In reality, the combination of early and late reflections with their progressive absorption and scattering from all surfaces provides a complex graph, which includes phase information and it is called impulse response.
impulse response
The impulse response is unique for the particular source and receiver locations in the room at the moment of measurement, but does not depend on the actual sound levels. It is the most important source of information for all room acoustic attributes we have mentioned before.
The impulse response is a common concept in various oscillatory systems: electric systems, mechanical systems, and so on. It describes the properties of the system regardless of the input parameters. Therefore, in a classroom with fixed geometry and materials, the teacher's voice will always be reflected from the walls in the same way regardless of the actual teacher, as long as different students listening take turns standing in one same position. To get the most representative acoustic picture of a room


How did the Rennaissance encourage the spirit of individuality and the capability of humans to think?
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pohnpei397 | College Teacher | (Level 3) Distinguished Educator
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The Renaissance did this through things like art, literature, and later through science.
Looking at art, we can see that during the Renaissance artists came to cultivate their own styles. During the Middle Ages, art had tended to be fairly uniform, with the emphasis on the religious subject of the art. In the Renaissance, art continued to be religious in many cases, but it started to look very carefully at the human individual (think of how individual and well-portrayed the people in Michelangelo's paintings are) and it started to be done in individualistic styles. This sort of thing would have encouraged people to think of themselves in more individualistic terms. So would the writings of people like Petrarch and Dante. These ideas were then taught in the new schools that focused on humanism in education. Eventually, they led to the scientific revolution that really brought individuals' abilities to think and reason to the fore.
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Date of Award
Thesis - SCU Access Only
Santa Clara : Santa Clara University, 2018.
On Shun Pak
Malnutrition and food spoilage is a common problem in developing countries. This report details the design and manufacturing of a solar powered food dehydrator in order to combat these problems. The prototype has two subsystems: an air heating chamber and a fruit dehydration chamber. The prototype relies on solar radiation, the greenhouse effect, and natural convection to remove moisture from the food product. The goal of the prototype was to maintain a dehydration chamber temperature of 60-75oC for six hours during daylight and reduce the moisture content of sliced bananas to less than 20%.
The prototype was tested by placing sliced bananas in the dehydration chamber and comparing the results to sliced bananas left in the direct sunlight for six hours. It was found that the prototype dehydration reached target temperatures at certain points during the day, but the prototype did not maintain the target temperatures for an extended period of time. The average temperature of the dehydration chamber was 37.6oC. On average, the prototype had an 11% greater reduction in moisture content than the control. In order to improve on the design, it is suggested that implementing a fan system to force convection across the fruit would increase the dehydration rate. Additionally the introduction of a solar powered heating element could increase the temperatures in the heating and dehydration chambers.
Lurie, Nicholas; Murray, Catherine; Kim, David; Tierney, Ian; and Smith, Logan, "Dehydr8" (2018). Mechanical Engineering Senior Theses. 78.


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Change the quota of bandwidth that you can reserve for virtual machines connected to a set of distributed port groups.
Verify that vSphere Distributed Switch is version 6.5.0 and later.
- Verify that Network I/O Control on the switch is version 3.
- Verify that Network I/O Control is enabled. See Enable Network I/O Control on a vSphere Distributed Switch.
- Verify that the virtual machine system traffic has a configured bandwidth reservation. See Configure Bandwidth Allocation for System Traffic.
- On the vSphere Client Home page, click Networking and navigate to the distributed switch.
- On the Configure tab, expand Resource Allocation.
- Click Network resource pools.
- Select a network resource pool from the list and click Edit.
- In the Reservation quota text box, enter the bandwidth quota for virtual machines from the aggregation of free bandwidth that is reserved for virtual machine system traffic on all physical adapters on the switch.
- Click OK.


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CELPIP, Canadian English Language Proficiency Index Program is a test organized for evaluating the Aptness of an individual in English Language. Paragon Testing Enterprises, a subsidiary of the University of British Columbia manages CELPIP. The test has 2 versions – CELPIP General and CELPIP General LS. It is a fully computerized examination which is conducted in a single Sitting. Currently CELPIP is valid only for Canadian immigration purpose.
CELPIP Results are available online within 8 business days. To Acquire result within 3 business days, test takers can opt for Express Rating as well.
As, different modules of English language i.e. Reading, Writing, Listening and Speaking are involved in the test therefore coordinated support system is provided for each one of them. For example, a computer mouse and a keyboard is given to the test takers for Reading and Writing sections of CELPIP whereas a computer microphone and a headset is provided for Listening and Speaking components.
ORGANIZATIONS ACCEPTING CELPIP
In addition to ICCRC, Real Estate Council of British Columbia and IRCC, the organizations that accept the CELPIP Test results for English Language Proficiency are listed below:
- Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC)
- Organizational employment requirements
- Real Estate Council of Alberta (RECA)
- NorQuest College ELP (English Language Proficiency)
- BC Health Care Assistant (HCA) Program
- Real Estate Council of British Columbia (RECBC)
- Alberta Institute of Massage
- Alberta Human Services – Child Care Staff Certification
- Association of Saskatchewan Realtors
- Saskatchewan Apprenticeship and Trade Certification Commission
- TLC-Edmonton Training for Foreign Caregivers
- Immigration Consultants of Canada Regulatory Council (ICCRC)
- The listening test is about 50 minutes long and has 6 parts.
- In each part there is a 1 to 3 minute long conversation. Conversation may also be a video.
- Each conversation is followed by 3 to 8 questions.
- Questions cannot be seen while the audio is played, so it is important to take notes.
- 30 seconds are given to answer each question.
- Question types are Mainly MCQs and Fill in the blanks.
- For MCQs the questions are also played in audio form with choices displayed on the screen.
- For fill in the blanks sentences are displayed on the screen. The answers for fill ups are supposed to be selected from choices given in drop down menus.
- For video based conversations it is important to see the video carefully along with listening because questions can be like – What did the person wearing denims think about hiring new people?
- The reading test is about 40 minutes long and has 4 parts.
- Text and questions are displayed simultaneously.
- 10 minutes are available to read the text and answer questions for each part. Depending on the length of the task number of questions per task can vary from 1 to 10.
- Instead of texts there can also be picture based tasks.
- Question types are mainly MCQs and fill ups just like the questions in the listening test.
- The writing test has 2 tasks.
- Task 1 is similar to task 1 of General IELTS. That is letter/email writing for the given scenario. But the word count must be 150 to 200 words. 27 minutes are given to complete task1. After completing task 1 the candidate can go to task2.
- If task 1 is not completed within 27 minutes, then after 27 minutes the screen will automatically switch to task 2. Writing Task 2 is also similar to IELTS task 2. That is 150 to 200 words long essay writing. The maximum time available for task 2 is 26 minutes.
- Speaking test is about 25 minutes long.
- There are 8 tasks. 30 seconds preparation time is given for each. The preparation time starts as soon as the topic appears on the screen. After 30 seconds you are prompted to start speaking. Speaking time for each task is 1 minute. After the time is over the next task automatically appears on the screen.
- Speaking topics are similar to IELTS speaking topics.


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Thanks for joining me on the final part of my series and we'll be discussing the importance of proper call-to-actions. Many web designers make the mistake of NOT including the right call-to-actions during their web design and this makes it tough for them to include them at a later time. Before continuing, it's important to go back a read Part 1 and 2 so you get a better idea of other factors discussed. Because these factors are often forgotten by web designers, it's important we shed light on them so you can make the right changes during the development stage. Let's jump right in…
Having a proper call-to-action is very important whether you're writing content or creating opt-in forms. Many visitors who arrive on your page will be new to Internet marketing and are NOT clear about what to do after reading your content. However, if you can provide guidance, then this will increase your conversions, adding to your bottom line. Call-to-action buttons can be in the following forms:
These call-to-actions are meant to provide a conclusion to a process. You'll notice, on landing pages, there's the "submit" button and when on a product page, the "buy now" button is the final call-to-action. However, when designing a website, they are important so you can add them in the right place and start testing them right away. This is often ignored by designers and they add them at a later time, making it more difficult for them.
Adding a call-to-action during the development doesn't have to be difficult because there have been some areas proven to increase conversions. For example, consider the following:
Sidebar – This is a very common place to add a call-to-action button and has been proven to increase conversions. When using WordPress, you'll notice the sidebar widget will be seen on every page so it gets in front of the reader effectively. However, even with a form or call-to-action within the sidebar, it's important to test different colors, text, and images to get optimal conversion rate.
Embed in Text – This is another common area, especially if you're providing value to the reader. As the visitor scrolls through the text and enjoys the value, you've increased the chance they'll opt into your call-to-action. I recommend adding a call-to-action half way down in your content and right at the bottom. Again, you should test different elements until you have achieved optimal conversions. Next, if you're using WordPress, a simple plug-in will make it easy for you to implement a call-to-action in the following forms:
- Banner ad
- Social sharing
However, sometimes you don't have to add a call-to-action in between text because you can make your phrase an actual call-to-action. I'm sure many of us have seen the following highlighted "click here", "read more", etc. These are call-to-action words, however, the designer won't be able to implement this strategy because it's often done by the content writer.
Footer – When you visit popular blogs, you'll notice many of them have call-to-actions in the footer. Here's something cool when you check out JohnChow.com.
You'll notice he has links to popular content and even a way to download his awesome eBook. What this does is increase the chances of someone opting into his email form. Then, he can run a series of follow-ups to increase his bottom line and conversion rate. It's a very effective strategy and has worked well because readers always scroll to the bottom when they finish reading content. If they miss the call-to-actions within the text or sidebar, you've just given them another way to convert into a customer. However, again, testing is the best way to find out what works so always split test your campaigns. Once you find out what's working, you can start implementing this strategy in different places on your blog.


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T2 – Marco Gori
T2 – Marco Gori
Marco Gori is professor of computer science at the University of Siena. His research interests are in the field of artificial intelligence, with emphasis on machine learning and game playing. In the last few years, he has been mainly involved in learning in relational domains in the continuum setting. He is interested in applying the conceived models to problems from pattern recognition and mining the web. He also very much likes discussions on novel models of computation and their relationships with human brain.

June 4 – Machine Learning for big data and cybersecurity
Integrating Learning and Reasoning with Deep Logic Models
Deep learning is very effective at jointly learning feature representations and classification models, especially when dealing with high dimensional input patterns. Probabilistic logic reasoning, on the other hand, is capable to take consistent and robust decisions in complex environments. The integration of deep learning and logic reasoning is still an open-research problem and it is considered to be the key for the development of real intelligent agents. This paper presents Deep Logic Models, which are deep graphical models integrating deep learning and logic reasoning both for learning and inference. Deep Logic Models create an end-to-end differentiable architecture, where deep learners are embedded into a network implementing a continuous relaxation of the logic knowledge. The learning process allows to jointly learn the weights of the deep learners and the meta-parameters controlling the high-level reasoning. The experimental results show that the proposed methodology overtakes the limitations of the other approaches that have been proposed to bridge deep learning and reasoning.


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Drainage plays a critical role in the design and construction of below grade applications. Without proper drainage, groundwater seepage may cause hydrostatic pressure and leakage, resulting in structural damage. MiraDRAIN's multi-directional flow design allows a continuous path for water discharge, eliminating the potential for hydrostatic pressure build up. It allows water to pass freely into the drainage core, where it is gravity fed into the CCW QuickDRAIN drainage collection system.
Horizontal Drainage Systems


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Zero out "small" entries subject to structural rank
A = gangstr(M,tol)
A = gangstr(M,tol) creates matrix A of full structural rank such that A is M except that elements of M that are relatively "small," based on tol, are zeros in A. The algorithm decreases tol, if needed, until sprank(A) = sprank(M). M must have at least as many columns as rows. Default tol is 1e-2.
gangstr identifies elements of M that are relatively less than tol by first normalizing all the rows of M to have norm 1. It then examines nonzeros in M in a columnwise fashion, replacing with zeros those elements with values of magnitude less than tol times the maximum absolute value in that column.


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Its source is a Latin expression meaning "Soldier."
The name Myles ranked 295th in popularity for males of all ages in a sample of 2000-2003 Social Security Administration statistics and 813th in popularity for males of all ages in a sample of the 1990 US Census.
Though this name appears on the 1990 U.S. Census lists, it is used by only a small percentage of the general population.
Latin may be the source of the Germanic form, Milo, that this name assumed in the Middle Ages. Nothing is certain about this derivation, however, and speculation on the ultimate source ranges from the Hebrew name Michael to the Slovonic name element mil (grace).


How the PPSR Benefits Businesses in New Zealand
Being able to recover debt in the case of default is one of the major issues that face businesses in New Zealand and across the globe. Debt, being an integral part of everyday business transactions, cannot be avoided in any economy or market. The best anyone can do is to reduce the risks that come as a result of dealing in credit.
PPSR — what is it?
PPSR stands for 'Personal Property Securities Register.' The PPSR was established in accordance with the New Zealand Personal Property Securities Act 1999. The registry was operationalised in 2002 and is maintained by the New Zealand Companies Office — a branch of the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment.
The PPSR is an amalgamation of the Register of Company Charges, Motor Vehicle Securities Register and Chattels Register that preceded it.
So what is it, this PPSR? The PPSR is a public-accessible database that keeps record of legal claims on personal property that has been used as collateral for loans and credit in New Zealand. Basically, if a business or individual uses a particular property as collateral for a loan or credit, the debt obligation to this property is recorded in the PPSR.
This ensures that property that has already been used as collateral is not used again as collateral to gain new credit or on-sold before the debt is repaid.
Almost all types of property that has value can be used as collateral and hence be put in the registry. This includes motor vehicles, machinery, intellectual property and the likes. But it excludes buildings, land and ships that are greater than 24 metres in length.
How does the PPSR work?
The PPSR works in a pretty straightforward way. Once a person or an organisation uses a property as collateral for a loan or credit, the creditor or lender goes ahead and records their underlying interest on the property in the PPSR.
This record will remain at the PPSR until the debt is cleared and the lender can then go ahead and remove the property. This prevents other lenders and creditors from accepting the same property for collateral in subsequent borrowing and thus preventing conflicting interests in case the borrower fails to pay back their debt and the collateral has to be recovered.
Because the registry is open and searchable by the public, lenders and creditors can search through it to determine whether a property presented as collateral has already been borrowed against. It also indicates if ownership of a property presented for sale legally belongs to the person or entity that seeks to sell it.
The benefits of PPSR to New Zealand businesses
Being able to keep records of property that has been used as collateral and retrieve such information on demand gives businesses a bunch of advantages that make the lending scene a whole lot safer. These are the benefits of PPSR:
1. Insight on potential clients and customers. Regardless of the industry you're in, you'll often be necessitated to sell your products or services on credit with the expectation of later payment. It's therefore in your best interest that your customer poses the ability to pay you back when the debt is due.
Because things are not always as they seem, you'll need to dig around to find information that indicates the debtor can pay their debt. For gathering this kind of information, the PPSR is indispensable for Kiwi businesses.
From a single database, you can find out all the property a prospect customer has put up as collateral to secure their debts. With this data, you can determine whether a business or individual is having liquidity issues or is about to go into bankruptcy. If you find that the prospect is overleveraged, then you have the opportunity to reconsider the credit facility you're offering.
2. Establish the validity of collateral. Quite often collateral is required to secure a loan or a line of credit. Collateral provides a guarantee to the lender in that they can take possession of the collateral property to recover their dues in case the debtor defaults. If the property has already been used as collateral for previous debts, reusing it could result in conflict of interest between the different lenders who claim its ownership.
From the PPSR, businesses can search a centralised database to determine if a property presented as collateral has already been used to secure other debts. This prevents a scenario where a single piece of property is used to borrow multiple times from different lenders.
3. Protection when buying pre-owned property. When buying property such as second-hand vehicles and machinery, or even intellectual property; it's important to find out whether there are any debt responsibilities associated with it before you complete the transaction.
It's possible to buy property and then later discover that the previous owner had not paid for it in full or had taken credit with the property as collateral. In this case, the responsibility of clearing the debt might fall on your hands as the holder of the collateral, even if you weren't aware of the circumstances during the purchase.
Before buying a pre-owned property, businesses can search the PPSR to find out the credit and financing history of the property.
4. Ensuring your credit liabilities are cleared. The PPSR relies on data provided by creditors and lenders. Debtors cannot edit the information on the registry — otherwise they'd just delist their listed properties. If a lender fails to remove your property from the registry after you have cleared your debt, it could have a negative impact on your credit rating.
As such, businesses that have cleared previous debts can search the database to find out if the collateral property has been delisted accordingly. If the property is still listed as debt security, then appropriate channels can be followed to ensure the information is updated to free the property from debt claims.
For any situation where collateral is required to access credit, the PPSR can be relied upon to determine whether the property in question qualifies to secure debt. This plays a huge role in protecting New Zealand businesses from fraudulent transactions involving property listed as collateral.
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Need to get rid of building material left over from that remodeling project? How's the garden? Concerned about pests and fertilizers?
Metro, the regional government, has produced a couple of guidebooks to walk you through those conundrums.
"Construction Salvage and Recycling Toolkit 2010-11" is a revised directory of recyclers in the Portland metropolitan area. It's intended to help contractors, developers, architects and property owners save money and conserve natural resources by reusing and recycling construction and demolition debris. The new edition lists more than 100 local recycling sites and includes increased options for drywall, concrete and mixed construction waste. An interactive version is available online.
The second publication, "Grow Smart, Grow Safe," is a joint effort by Metro and the Local Hazardous Waste Management Program in King County, Wash. It helps home gardeners and landscape professionals identify and reduce the use of toxic products. The sixth edition ranks 600 fertilizers, pesticides and soil amendments to help readers find lawn and garden products least hazardous to people, pets, wildlife and waterways. In addition, regional experts share tips on simply and safely growing a healthy, productive garden.
"Whether keeping valuable construction materials out of the landfill or preventing harmful garden chemicals from entering the waste stream, these important practices help build a more sustainable future," Metro Council President David Bragdon said in a news release.
Free copies of either publication are available by calling Metro Recycling Information at _PHONE_, or by downloading electronic versions.


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Yerba mansa is a California native, occurring in Southern California along seeps, stream edges and wet meadows, particularly where the soil is alkaline.
It has light green leaves which form rosettes of foliage about 6" tall. The plant spreads by sending out long runners in the same way as strawberries. In moist alkaline soils, large colonies of plants are soon formed.
In late spring, curious cones of flowers are produced which stand about 3-4" above the foliage. Each "cone" is, in fact, a tight collection of masses of tiny greenish flowers.
Although yerba mansa thrives in soils with a high pH, it's very tolerant of neutral and slightly acidic soils. It is also quite tolerant of infrequent watering and fairly dry soils, although it does look better with an ample supply of water.
Yerba mansa is tolerant of full sun in cool coastal conditions. However, it prefers light shade.
Yerba mansa will probably survive occasional winter temperatures down to 20°F. In the nursery, it has survived twelve consecutive nights of 22°F.
Yerba mansa works well in seasonal containers with other moisture-loving plants such as horsetail, gray rush (Juncus patens) and seep monkey flower (Mimulus guttatus). It also works well as a marginal plant alongside water features.