text:
Using a Merlin MicroSeal Septum to Reduce Endrin and DDT Breakdown for EPA Method 8081b – Organochlorine Pesticides by Gas Chromatography10 Sep 2011
EPA Method 8081b requires that Endrin and DDT breakdown percentages are less than 15% each to assure that the GC system is inert and ready for action. Breakdown can be calculated by analyzing a 50/100 pg/µL Endrin/DDT standard and determining production of DDE, DDD, Endrin aldehyde, and Endrin ketone. Breakdown is exacerbated by activity in the inlet liner, whether it comes from poor deactivation of the liner and its wool packing or from contamination by non-volatile residue from analyzed samples. In addition, metal fittings in the inlet can cause breakdown of these sensitive analytes, especially under hotter inlet temperatures.
Inlet liner lifetime in organochlorine pesticide analysis as regards Endrin and DDT breakdown percentages is directly correlated with low breakdown to begin with, and sample cleanliness (or dirtiness). The best way to achieve longer lifetimes is to start with as low a breakdown percentage as possible, which means choosing an inert liner and bottom seal (if present) and making sure the inlet is free of non-volatile residue.
What may not be obvious is that the autosampler injection process and the GC septum can contribute significantly to Endrin and DDT breakdown. In an experiment using an Agilent 7683 autosampler with a dual taper 23/26s syringe needle (to minimize septum coring) on an Agilent 6890 GC-ECD fitted with a 4mm single taper with wool inlet liner and a Restek Thermolite septum, I saw a rapid increase in Endrin breakdown when repeatedly injecting an Endrin/DDT standard from a vial with a PTFE septum (NOT PTFE/silicone, but ALL PTFE). Applying some detective work and getting some photomicrographs with the kind help of Mike Goss, I was able to attribute the degradation to pieces of metal and septum in the liner. The metal comes from the autosampler syringe needle striking the metal needle guide on the septum nut and "cutting" pieces from the guide. I was absolutely shocked at how much metal was atop the GC septum after only 100 injections!
Replacing the silicone septum with a Merlin MicroSeal septum is an excellent way to circumvent this problem and maintain Endrin/DDT integrity for longer periods of time, as seen in the graph below. The MicroSeal septum is a wear-resistant fluorinated elastomer with an efficient dual-sealing mechanism that is not pierced like a silicone septum. This eliminates the problem of septum pieces ending up in the liner. In addition, I did not see any metal pieces in the liner when using the Microseal. Note that a 23g blunt, conical needle autosampler syringe is specified for injecting through a Merlin MicroSeal.
While dirty samples can quickly corrupt the liner and lead to shorter lifetimes, when those lifetimes are measured by Endrin and DDT breakdown, you'll still have more uptime if you switch from a silicone septum to a Merlin MicroSeal.
New septum nut for an Agilent GC splitless inlet before any injections have been made.
Used septum nut for an Agilent GC splitless inlet showing chips from metal caused by the autosampler syringe needle striking the guide.
Metal pieces on a GC septum that were "cut" from the septum nut needle guide by the autosampler syringe during injection.
GC inlet liner wool contaminated with metal and silicone septum pieces from the autosampler injection process.


and rotated at slow, smooth, and constant speed cutting the soil with water or/and air at high pressure to create the soil concrete column. The end product is then cemented round column. This grout is effective for almost soil.
Procedure of jet grouting:
 1. Initially, the hole is drilled in the required place and depth.
 2. The drill is done until a weak subsoil exists. It may be up to 10 to 20 cm.
 3. Then, equipment is placed in the hole to conduct an injection process that consists of a jet grouting string of almost 7 to 10 cm.
 4. The string consists of a nozzle to have an injection on high velocity, having a diameter of 1 to 10mm.
 5. Then, the string is raised and rotated to seal the whole column with soil and the fluid system. Now, the jetting starts. The string is raised when the fluid is injected. For every raising, there is rotation performed smoothly and constantly. This gives a perfectly refined grouting column.
Types of jet grouting system
 1. Single
 2. Double
 3. Triple fluid system.
Application of jet grouting
 - Horizontal barriers
 - Groundwater control
 - Tunneling
 - Supporting excavation
 - Underpinning
I hope this post remains helpful for you.
Happy Learning – Civil Concept
Contributed by,
Shreya Parajuli
Read Also,
8 Points to improve the Durability of Concrete structure
Aggregates for concrete | Aggregates sizes for concrete
Top 5 Difference between Segregation and Bleeding in Concrete
Top 10 Quick guides for Reinforced concrete Column design
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The University of Arizona
Illicit Drug Screening, Brief Intervention, and Treatment Placement
Brief Interventions:
If drug screening indicates that substance use may be a problem, a brief intervention can be conducted to help the individual reduce or discontinue their substance use.
A brief intervention by definition is an intervention designed to promote behavior change. It is not a treatment, rather it is a pretreatment tool. It typically includes an initial 5 to 20 minute session, and can include educational materials and up to 3 follow-up contacts.


text:
Peter Clark and John Thompson
A system that seeks to build a semantically coherent representation from multiple texts requires (at least) three things: a representation language that is sufficiently expressive to capture the information conveyed by the text; a natural language engine that can interpret text and generate semantic representations in that language with reasonable reliability; and a knowledge integration capability that can integrate information from different texts and from background knowledge into a coherent whole. In this paper we present a case study of these requirements for interpreting four different paragraphs of text (from different sources), each describing how a two-stroke combustion engine behaves. We identify the challenges involved in meeting these requirements and how they might be addressed. One key feature that emerges is the need for extensive background knowledge to guide the interpretation, disambiguate, and fill in gaps. The resulting contribution of this paper is a deeper understanding of the overall machine reading task.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am looking for a circular power point menu template, something that looks like this:
What is this template like this called? Do you guys have any recommendation where to look one for free?
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It's not that hard to create such a template yourself or modify another template to contain a radial progress indicator. Start by creating the base frame with a circle object and lines going out to boxes or other circles. Label each object. Now duplicate the slide as many times as needed. Last, go to each of the duplicated slides and bold the text on the active item you're about to cover or perhaps change the background color like in the example you provided.
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text:
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
- n. One that closely imitates or mimics another.
- v. To act as an imitator or mimic.
- v. To imitate closely; mimic.
- adj. Closely imitating or following another: a copycat version of a successful product; a copycat crime.
- n. informal One who imitates others' work without adding ingenuity.
- adj. Imitative; unoriginal.
- v. To act as a copycat; to copy in a shameless or derivative way
GNU Webster's 1913
- n. someone who copies the words or behavior of another.
- n. someone who copies the words or behavior of another
- From copy + cat ("person"). It has been in use since at least 1896, in Sarah Orne Jewett's The Country of the Pointed Firs. (Wiktionary)
"One is that they didn't want to give people ideas -- here's a new, neat, you know, weapon you can build from the Internet, so we get a bunch of people out there that are, to use the term copycat, who say, you know, I'll do something similar."
"Of course, the term copycat is too harsh a term for creating a game that already has a rival in the market."
"Law enforcement officials said the unrest — including nightly arson and what they described as copycat attacks — was spreading more rapidly than their ability to respond to it."
"Even if you can't live up to "Iron Jim", all you had to do was pay attention to the past movies and copycat from the future war scenes and make it into a 2 hour movie."
"Contrary to the goal of improving public perceptions, the announcement of a Microsoft-branded chain of stores screams "copycat" - historically one of the worst knocks against it."
"Zheng was executed by firing squad a month later -- and on the day of his execution, another school assailant, Chen Kangbing, a mentally ill 33-year-old man, wounded 18 children in a primary school in Leizhou, in Guangdong province, in what authorities called a copycat crime."
"VITAL STATSWorries About Littleton CopycatsMore than two weeks after Littleton, so-called copycat threats haven't abated, likely because students are pulling more hoaxes -- but definitely because officials are unwilling to take chances."
"At this point, you don't wanna just immediately go in for the finger kiss because someone else just did it, and while being called a copycat isn't as bad as being called a corpse kisser, you're still going to be the main topic of conversation in the various cars other than your own as they're pulling out of the funeral home parking lot."
"The copycat is a person who is watching this broadcast, who is that person who is fascinated by the person who is responsible for this, who identifies with him and at some point, if his life really is going nowhere, and he experiences himself as enough of a failure, he may consider this as an option."
"Nine police were injured in what police called "copycat criminality" in several parts of London on Sunday night, although the damage appeared to be on a much smaller scale than Saturday's rioting in Tottenham, in the north of the capital."
These user-created lists contain the word 'copycat'.
My big word list.
just the next words that come along
Hello, and Welcome™! Come and visit our most diverse land of our Animalesque™ adventures. Here at Noah's Park™ we have Virtually All You'd Ever Want To See™. An experience that is related to ani...
Words or short phrases with animal names in them. Since I already have a dedicated list for'monkey' words I shall leave them out of this one for the moment.
someone must already have this list?
Trademark of Stephen Colbert and The Colbert Report.
Looking for tweets for copycat.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: A catch of fish is sorted and prepared in the foreground on the harbour quay. This bustle of human activity, captured with a few brushstrokes and echoed in a fishing boat on the right, contrasts with the relative calm of the harbour and open sea beyond. The dawn sky punctuated by the masts of fishing boats dominates the scene. Turner used the blue paper to great effect, conveying the colourful transition from night to day. This drawing may have been made during the mid 1820s when Turner first began to use blue paper.


text:
NOTE: Hover over the bold words for definitions or see the Glossary.
Rafinesque described this species in 1820. As with most species of the genus Lampsilis, the wavyrayed lampmussel exhibits sexual dimorphism in shell shape. Females are relatively circular, while males are more elliptical. The periostracum is a shiny golden yellow with wavy green rays usually distributed over the entire shell surface. The nacre is white to bluish white and may be iridescent in fresh shells. The pseudocardinal teeth are triangular; two in the left valve, one in the right. Lateral teeth are slightly curved.
This species is distributed from the Great Lakes, through the Ohio and Mississippi river drainages, and into the Tennessee River Basin (Parmalee and Bogan 1998). In addition to the species' current North Carolina distribution, its historical distribution in North Carolina included the French Broad and Pigeon river basins. Distribution by County: Cherokee Co. (Hiwassee River); Macon Co. (Little Tennessee River); Swain Co. (Little Tennessee River); Mitchell Co. (Nolichucky River Basin); Yancey Co. (Nolichucky River Basin). NOTE: All headwater areas that flow into these occupied habitats should receive special management.
This species is typically found in rivers and streams with coarse sand and gravel beds.
Fish hosts for this species include the small and largemouth bass (Zale and Neves 1982, Watson 1999). The sexual dimorphism in shell shape suggests that this species, like many other members of the genus Lampsilis, is bradytictic. Females in the Little Tennessee River display exceptional variability in the types of mimics used to attract the fish host.
General Life History For Mussels


{e}^{-\frac {| x|^{p}}{ 2 }}\) is not a positive definite function for p>2 it is enough to consider the following counterexample. In Definition 4 let n=3 and choose |x1x2|=ε,|x2x3|=aε and |x1x3|=(a+1)ε for some ε,a>0. Therefore, the determinant of the matrix A is given by
$$\begin{array}{*{20}l} h(\epsilon)& := \text{det}(A)= 1 - \mathrm{e}^{-\frac{2 a^{p} \epsilon^{p}}{2}}-\mathrm{e}^{-\frac{\epsilon^{p}}{2}} \left(\mathrm{e}^{-\frac{\epsilon^{p}}{2}}- \mathrm{e}^{-\frac{ (a^{p} +(a+1)^{p}) \epsilon^{p}}{2}} \right) \notag\\ &\quad+\mathrm{e}^{-\frac{(a+1)^{p} \epsilon^{p}}{2}} \left(\mathrm{e}^{-\frac{ (a^{p}+1) \epsilon^{p}}{2}} - \mathrm{e}^{-\frac{ (a+1)^{p} \epsilon^{p}}{2}} \right) \notag\\ &= 1 - \mathrm{e}^{-\frac{2 a^{p} \epsilon^{p}}{2}}-\mathrm{e}^{-\frac{2 \epsilon^{p}}{2}} + 2\mathrm{e}^{-\frac{ ((a+1)^{p}+a^{p}+1) \epsilon^{p}}{2}} - \mathrm{e}^{-\frac{ 2(a+1)^{p} \epsilon^{p}}{2}}. \end{array} $$
(77)
The idea of the proof is to show that for a small ε we have that h(ε)<0. To that end, we use the following small t approximation \(\mathrm {e}^{t}= 1+t+\frac {t^{2}}{2}+O(t^{3})\) in (77)
$$\begin{array}{*{20}l} h(\epsilon) & = 1- \left(1-\frac{2 a^{p} \epsilon^{p}}{2} + \left(\frac{2 a^{p} \epsilon^{p}}{2} \right)^{2} \right)- \left(1-\frac{2 \epsilon^{p}}{2} + \left(\frac{2 \epsilon^{p}}{2} \right)^{2} \right) \\ & \quad- \left(1-\frac{2 (a+1)^{p} \epsilon^{p}}{2} + \left(\frac{2 (a+1)^{p} \epsilon^{p}}{2} \right)^{2} \right) \\ &\quad+ 2 \left(1-\frac{ ((a+1)^{p}+a^{p}+1) \epsilon^{p}}{2} + \left(\frac{ ((a+1)^{p}+a^{p}+1) \epsilon^{p}}{2} \right)^{2} \right) +O \left(\epsilon^{3p} \right) \\ &= \epsilon^{2p} \left(\frac{ ((a+1)^{p}+a^{p}+1)^{2}}{2} -a^{2p}- (a+1)^{2p}-1 \right) +O \left(\epsilon^{3p} \right). \end{array} $$
The proof is concluded by taking ε small enough and noting that \( \frac { \left (\left (a+1\right)^{p}+a^{p}+1 \right)^{2}}{2} -a^{2p}- \left (a+1\right)^{2p}-1 \ge 0\) for p≤2 and \( \frac { \left (\left (a+1\right)^{p}+a^{p}+1 \right)^{2}}{2} -a^{2p}- \left (a+1\right)^{2p}-1 <0\) for p>2.
An easy way of see that \( \mathrm {e}^{-\frac {| x|^{p}}{ 2 }}\) is a positive definite function is by observing that \( \mathrm {e}^{-\frac {| x|^{p}}{ 2 }}\), for p(0,2], is a characteristic function of a stable distribution of order p. The proof then follows by Bochner's theorem (Ushakov 1999, Theorem 1.3.1.) which guarantees that all characteristic functions are positive definite. For other proofs that \( \mathrm {e}^{-\frac {| x|^{p}}{ 2 }}\) is positive definite for p(0,2] we refer the reader to (Lévy 1925) and (Bochner 1937).
To show that \( \mathrm {e}^{-\frac {| x|^{p}}{ 2 }}\) can be represented in the integral form given in (24) we use the proof outlined in (Bochner 1937). According to Bernstein's theorem (Widder 1946, Theorem 12.a) every completely monotone function can be written as a Laplace transform of some non-negative finite Borel measure μ. In Corollary 2 we have verified that \(\mathrm {e}^{-\frac {u^{\frac {p}{2}}}{2}}\) is a completely monotone function for p(0,2]. Therefore, according to Bernstein's theorem, we can write \(\mathrm {e}^{-\frac {u^{\frac {p}{2}}}{2}}\) for p(0,2] as follows: for u>0
$$ \mathrm{e}^{-\frac{u^{\frac{p}{2}}}{2}}=\int_{0}^{\infty} \mathrm{e}^{-ut} d \mu_{p}(t). $$
(78)
Substituting u=x2 into (78) completes the proof.
Appendix D: Proof of Proposition 5
To simplify the notation let \(r=\frac {2q}{p}\). To show that Xq=Vp,q·Xr, first observe that \(d \nu (t)=\frac {c_{q}}{c_{r}} \frac {1}{t^{\frac {1}{r}}} d\mu _{p}(t)\) is a probability measure where dμp(t) is the finite non-negative Borel measure defined in Theorem 1
$$\begin{array}{*{20}l} 1= \mathbb{P}(X_{q} \in \mathbb{R})&= \int_{\mathbb{R}} c_{q} \mathrm{e}^{-\frac{|x|^{q}}{ 2 }} dx\\ & \stackrel{a)}{= }\int_{\mathbb{R}} c_{q} \int_{0}^{\infty} e^{-\frac{t }{2} |x|^{r}} d\mu_{p}(t) dx\\ &\stackrel{b)}{=} c_{q} \int_{0}^{\infty} \int_{\mathbb{R}


Future Sync 2020
When the teacher becomes a student: an honest guide to becoming a developer
Some developers always had the ambition to work in tech, others take the more scenic route. Changing or starting a new career can be a hard time. I did this transition over four years while being a secondary school teacher. As a teacher you gain a strong insight into how a diverse group of people learn. When applying these skills to my own career change I picked up lots of tips and tricks for anyone looking to change career or improve their learning. Having a strong knowledge of how to code is not the only thing that gets you and keeps you in a job as a coder but it's pretty important.
Being a student on evenings and weekends, and a teacher as the day job was a very stressful but rewarding time. While it was a lot of (mostly) enjoyable work, having strong foundations in picking up new knowledge was extremely helpful and in an ever changing and evolving profession such as tech this is an invaluable skill. This became even more apparent once I started my role as a junior software engineer in a programming language unknown to me!
The more people that are able to learn effectively the better for everyone. How else are we all meant to keep up with that new JavaScript framework?
Ed is currently a Junior Software Developer at Bluefruit Software, his first tech job. He's been there for half a year and before that spent four years teaching music at a secondary school in London while learning to code in his spare time.
In the journey to becoming a developer Ed also started a podcast, A Question of Code, with the aim of answering some of the more common questions that people ask when learning to code.
Ed Hazeldine
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text:
Historic Cemetery Alliance
Dorado House Cemetery
Resources Preservation Commission
on Pacheco Cemetery public title.
BILLS introduced in the State Legislature
Dorado County HISTORIC CEMETERIES
(check here for information on the historic cemeteries)
Mile House (aka Camino) Cemetery
OF EL DORADO
Cemetery Advisory Committee
Boards & Commissions
(See Title 8- Health & Safety; the cemetery ordinance is Sec.
Cemetery Advisory Committee
California State Website
Cemetery and Funeral Bureau
STATUTES & LAWS
(see Health & Safety Code beginning at Sec. 7000)
CA Health & Safety Code
CA Business & Professions Code
Professional and Vocational Regulations
Code Sec. 594 (Vandalism
Management and control of Gold Rush "pioneer" cemetery;
California Attorney General Opinion
History of California Cemetery Laws
(EDC Saving Graves)
THIS SITE is
in a process of continuing construction. Please check on our
progress from time to time!
Becoming a Member
Purpose and Objectives
Message from the El
Dorado County Recorder
FOR VISITING OUR WEBSITE...
gold was discovered in January
of 1848 by James Wilson Marshall while he was building a saw mill
for Captain Johann (John) Sutter on the South Fork of the American River
in what is now El Dorado County, little did the world anticipate the
events that followed. The word of the gold discovery in the newly
won territory of the United States, drew thousands of men, women,
and children from every civilized and uncivilized corner of the earth to
this California, the land of golden treasure.
have well documented these
events, detailing for readers and students the way in which California
became settled as the country's 31st state in the Union. The vast
wealth that was produced from nuggets and flakes of the golden metal,
made millionaires of some and beggars of others. More went home
empty handed than ever walked away with their pockets full of gold.
has been written, however,
about the thousands of men, women and children who came here and made
California their final resting places - their last homes on this
earth. In El Dorado County, alone, it is estimated that some five
to ten thousand people died between 1848 and 1900 whose graves within
the historic cemeteries cannot be found either by record document or by
graves marked in the cemeteries.
sons and daughters, some
have called them, for their unmarked graves were left to the care of the
people of El Dorado County in graveyards and cemeteries that, today,
remain as the only evidence of many of our early towns and mining
camps. Several of these hallowed burying grounds, like the
communities they once represented, have also disappeared in the years
since the world first rushed in.
of mining camps and towns
with the strange names of Bottle Hill, Georgia Slide, Rattlesnake Bar,
Wisconsin Bar, Maine Bar, and others, quite simply cannot be found,
although the documentary evidence is that they once existed. Many
of these places, like the towns and camps, were simply just abandoned as
word of gold strikes elsewhere rippled through the Mother Lode.
however, have begun to
disappear or suffer in more recent times. With residential and
commercial development at an all time increase in El Dorado County, we
have documented the wholesale destruction and desecration of our
historic cemeteries that appears to match the new rush of humanity now
emigrating to this once rural county.
appalled we were that, in
1996, a small group of citizens founded and chartered the EL
DORADO COUNTY PIONEER CEMETERIES COMMISSION
(EDCPCC) to research and study the history of the cemeteries to learn and
document what has occurred and is occurring to these valuable and
irreplaceable historic and cultural resources.
we have performed
extensive research documenting the cemetery histories, establishing
their extensive use (some are still being used by the public today), as
well as lack of plat maps or records, since our formation, the single
biggest obstacle we have faced has been to try to convince the County of
El Dorado that California state law vested title to these places in
accept our invitation to
review our findings for the many cemeteries we have studied.
What you may learn will not always be pleasant. We have attempted
to learn the truth of what has happened and is happening to our historic
cemeteries. Their stories are nearly as dismal as their physical
next time you visit an
historic cemetery, look around. Take note of the common rock grave
markers, the mounds and depressions devoid of any marker at all.
If the cemetery is still being used for current interments and you do
not see these evidences of early unmarked and unknown graves, ask
yourself, "What's wrong with this picture." And then
contemplate who is or will serve as guardian of the graveyards and
cemeteries where your loved ones rest in peace. How peaceful is
Fourth Generation Californian
Cameron Park, California
* My Herrick and Page
families came from Wisconsin to California between 1850 and 1851.
They first settled at Drytown in El Dorado County (now Amador
County). They were Amador County Pioneers who are buried in
unmarked graves in the Plymouth City Cemetery, Amador County,
me your cemeteries, and I will tell you what kind of people you
have." Benjamin Franklin
(1706 - 1790)
LOST & FOUND....
The Tombstone Garden at the County Museum
is generously Hosted by USGenNet
EL DORADO COUNTY
PIONEER CEMETERIES COMMISSION
Thank you for visiting the
El Dorado County Pioneer Cemeteries Commission website. Please contact
us if you would like further information about the cemeteries or
would like to become a member of EDCPCC.
Last updated October 13, 2003


text:
Bamfurlong was a farm in the boggy region of the Marish in the eastern Shire. It was the home of Farmer Maggot, who (like the other Hobbits in this inhospitable area) lived above ground rather than in a traditional Hobbit-hole. Maggot's farm was well-known in the area for his mushrooms, which he protected fiercely against trespassers with his three fearsome dogs.
The center of the farm consisted of a large farm house with associated farm-buildings. They were all made of brick with thatched roofs, and enclosed within a high wall with a wooden gate to the outside lane.
When Frodo Baggins was young and lived at Brandy Hall he occasionally sneaked onto the farm to poach some mushrooms. On the last visit Maggot had caught Frodo and gave him a beating for his thievery. Years later Frodo remained in terror of the farmer and his dogs.
On 25 September T.A. 3018, Frodo, Sam, and Pippin came to Bamfurlong in the afternoon. There they met Farmer Maggot and learned that earlier a Black Rider had visited the farm and enquired about Baggins. The traveling hobbits gratefully accepted a hearty supper before the farmer drove them to Bucklebury Ferry in his wagon.
The name Bamfurlong derives from words meaning very roughly 'bean-field'. A furlong is a division of a common field.
Bamfurlong is a real-life English place-name


Figure 5. The curves of entropy and temperature.
Figure 6. The curves of contrast and temperature.
Figure 7. The curves of correlation and temperature.
Linear regression equations for predicting temperature T were obtained by using linear regression function in MATLAB.
y = _PHONE_ + 29719.193 R e - 23238.34 G e 4535.4337 B e . (7)
Re, Ge, Be are the energy values of RGB channels, respectively.
y = _PHONE_.312 R e - _PHONE_ G e + 1827.884 B e . (8)
Re, Ge, Be are the entropy values of RGB channels, respectively.
y = _PHONE_ 16.485 R e + _PHONE_ G e _PHONE_ B e . (9)
Re, Ge, Be are the contrast values of RGB channels, respectively.
y = _PHONE_ + _PHONE_ R e - 122.243 G e 32.5915 B e . (10)
Re, Ge, Be are the correlation values of RGB channels, respectively.
Now, the fitted function is evaluated, the result is shown in Table 2. It can be seen that the fitting residual error between the correlation and the temperature is the smallest, and the fitting is the best. Therefore this paper establishes the model of the correlation and temperature, as shown in the expression (12).
The temperature of the certain point can be calculated by calculating the correlation value of the flame RGB.
The larger the correlation coefficient is, and the more close to 1 it is, the more significant the regression equation is. The smaller the residual error is, the more close to the predicted temperature.
5. The Application of the Algorithm in the Candle Flame
In order to test the universality of the algorithm, candle flame temperature is detected. In the laboratory, a thermocouple is used to get the candle flame. The candle temperatures of the outer flame, middle flame and inner flame were collected respectively, as shown in Figure 8.
With the same method, candle flame is treated into RGB channels, the relationship of temperature and gray is established. Taking advantage of the linear regression function in MATLAB, the regression equation of the temperature prediction is:
T = _PHONE_ + _PHONE_ R e + _PHONE_ G e 505.787 B e (11)
where, R e , G e , B e are the correlation values of RGB channels, respectively.
We measured some other points in the candle flame, calculated values were obtained by Expression (13), shown in Table 3. We can see the maximum error percentage is less than 3%.
Figure 8. Original image of the outer flame, middle flame and inner flame.
Table 2. Statistic table based on fitting function.
Table 3. Comparison of error between the measured flame temperature and calculated values of the candle flame temperature.
The largest error of the measured values and calculated values of the candle flame temperature is less than 3%. This shows that the algorithm is universal.
6. Conclusion
In this paper, the color image of flame in rotary kiln is decomposed into three gray images of RGB. The curves of energy, entropy, contrast, correlation and temperature of each channel's texture parameters are compared. In these texture feature parameters, the relationship between the correlation and the temperature is the most obvious. In this paper, the relationship between texture and temperature is used to establish the model of flame temperature monitoring, effectively monitor the flame image, and calculate the corresponding temperature value. It is simple and easy to implement. The algorithm is also universal.
Cite this paper
Lin, C.L. and Wu, Y.F. (2017) Temperature Calculation of Pe- llet Rotary Kiln Based on Texture. Intelligent Control and Automation, 8, 67-74. _URL_
References
 1. 1. Zhou, H.C. and Lou, X.S. (1995) Experimental Study on Image Processing of Flame Temperature Distribution in a Pilot-Scale Furnace. Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering, 15, 295-299.
 2. 2. You, J., Wang, S.C., Li, X.S. and Han, Y.P. (2000) Estimate Blowing Final Point by Analysing Texture Features of Top-Blowing BOF Vessel Mouth Flame. Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, 22, 524-528.
 3. 3. He, M., Zhang, J., Yan, M. and Chen, H. (2010) Classification of Sintered Clinker in Rotary Kiln. Journal of Hunan University (Natural Sciences), 37, 29-33.
 4. 4. Sun, J.-D. and Ma, Y.-Y. (2010) Summary of Texture Feature Research. Computer Systems Applications, 6, 245-249.
 5. 5. Gonzalez, R.C. (2013) Digital Image Processing Using MATLAB. 2nd Edition, Publishing House of Electronics Industry, Beijing.
 6. 6. Gao, C.-C. and Hui, X.-W. (2010) GLCM-Based Texture Feature Extraction. Computer Systems Applications, 6, 195-198.


Q
Problem solve Get help with specific problems with your technologies, process and projects.
Software mirroring vs. hardware mirroring
Please clarify the difference between software mirroring and hardware mirroring. Will the 865G Intel chipset support...
hardware mirroring?
The difference between software mirroring and hardware mirroring is really in where the CPU cycles that perform the mirroring come from. After all, in the end, it's hardware (disks, and the data that is contained on them) that are being mirrored, following software-based instructions.
In software mirroring, a piece of mirroring software, such as Veritas Volume Manager or Sun's Solstice Disk Suite, runs on the server that is attached to the disks that are mirrored, and it does all the heavy lifting associated with the mirroring.
In hardware mirroring, the mirroring work is done on the disk array where the disks are physically located by a CPU that is located in that array. Virtually of the major array vendors have this capability.
As for the ability of a particular chipset to be able to perform this mirroring, it's really a function of the software that has been written for that chipset. If the right code were written for it, your Playstation could mirror disks.
This was last published in July 2004
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text:
Bridge has always been awe and an engineered masterpiece across the globe. Amazingly, there are several bridges in the world that we never thought could happen. The idea itself looked impossible in terms of construction and several other factors. But here they are today connecting cities and people. These bridges have stood the test of time and proven to be work of pure brilliance. Every nation has a story to tell about bridges within its territory. Such is the case with Nigeria.
Despite the presence of many bridges in the country, the proposed Fourth Mainland bridge in Lagos couldn't come at a better time. This is because Lagos has a strong reputation for severe traffic. Having a new bridge might be an alternative solution to the connecting problems in some parts of the state. Here on Naijauto are the factual updates on the Fourth Mainland bridge in Lagos.
Updated facts about the Fourth Mainland bridge in Lagos
1. It was in 2003 during the administration of Bola Ahmed Tinubu that the idea of the fourth mainland bridge was brought into light.
2. The primary idea behind the bridge is to proffer solution to the transportation challenges accustomed with rapid growing places like Eti Osa, Lekki and Epe in Lagos.
3. The proposed construction plan for the bridge is to drastically reduce the height of traffic on Carter, Eko and Third Mainland Bridge in Lagos.
4. NLE studio, a renowned architectural firm was responsible for the conceptual design of the proposed fourth mainland bridge.
5. The conceptual design for the bridge by NLE was later approved by the Lagos State government in 2008.
The proposed fourth mainland bridge will have two levels- one for vehicles, other for pedestrians
6. With a highway designed speed of 140km, the bridge is set to be 38km in distance.
7. One of the amazing things about this bridge is that, it is designed to be two-layer bridge. The upper part will be for movement of vehicles while the lower part will serve the purpose for pedestrian and several forms of socio-cultural interactions.
8. There will be eight interchanges on the bridge to ensure efficient inter-connectivity of several cities in the state.
9. The proposed bridge will consist of four-lane dual carriage lane. Each of them will comprise three lanes with 2 meters hard shoulder on each side.
10. The fourth mainland bridge will consider future expansion in carriageway and light rail facility.
11. Over 800 buildings have been marked by the state government for demolition. That space will eventually be used for the construction of the bridge. Those people affected will be duly compensated or get relocated to another part of the state.
12. The bridge will set standard as the first expansion bridge and expressway without any form of funding from the federal government. In concession, the project will be financed by private sector.
13. The current Executive Governor of Lagos State, Akinwunmi Ambode signed a memorandum of understanding in 2016, engaging consortium of firms and finance houses to sponsor the construction of the bridge.
14. The firms that were engaged in involve in the financing of the proposed bridge include Julius Berger Nigeria Limited, Visible Asset Limited (coordinating firm), Access Bank, African Finance Corporation, Hi-tech Construction Company, Eldorado Nigeria Limited, J.P Morgan and Nigerian Westminster Dredging and Marine.
15. The construction cost of the proposed fourth mainland bridge was set at 844 billion naira.
16. After completion, the bridge will overtake the 6 October Bridge (20.5km) in Cairo, as the longest bridge in Africa.
17. The Lagos State government on the 22nd May, 2017, cancelled the entire contract signed with these consortium firms due to delay in the commencement of the agreement.
SIMULATION OF THE PROPOSED LAGOS 4TH MAINLAND BRIDGE
18. Though the government to announce a new concessionaire in 2018, nothing has been heard about it till date.
19. The newly elected governor of Lagos, Mr. Sanwo-Olu once said in his election campaign this year that the construction of this 4th Mainland Bridge would not be prioritized.
So, we hope we get to see this bridge set into motion sooner enough despite the new governor elect, Babajide Sanwo-olu not prioritizing the bridge during his campaign. Though the construction of the bridge may pose many challenges and difficulties, it's a great solution to the traffic problems on the Third Mainland Bridge!
>>> Visit Naijauto.com daily to update latest traffic news in Nigeria!

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The Last Days
According to myth, Siberys is the name of one of the three first dragons, along with Eberron and Khyber, who ruled all. They discovered, or created, the Draconic Prophecy, and its words brought reality into being.
The remnants of the dragon Siberys can be seen above the world of Eberron, glowing in the night as a ring of golden Dragonshards stretching from horizon to horizon. These dragonshards occasionally plummet to Eberron and, like the Eberron and Khyber shards, are sought after for their various powers and uses.
Stretching above the Ring of Syberis and Eberron's twelve moons lies the Sea of Syberis, also commonly known as the Astral Sea. Along this sea lie angelic astral cities, scattered among various planes of reality. Like the planes of Eberron and Khyber, the planes of Syberis will occasionally create manifest zones within our world, but constantly ebb and flow along our world's borders, influencing our reality in numerous ways.


text:
|Values are valid only on day of printing.|
Providing a definitive diagnosis for joint disease
Birefringent crystals are found in the synovial fluid of >90% of patients with acutely inflamed joints.
Monosodium urate crystals are seen in gouty fluids and calcium pyrophosphate crystals are seen in chondrocalcinosis. The urates are usually needle-shaped, and the calcium crystals are often rhomboidal. Cholesterol crystals may also be observed.
If present, crystals are identified.
Positive identification of crystals provides a definitive diagnosis for joint disease.
Powdered anticoagulants such as oxalate are themselves crystalline; their use may cause confusion masking the presence of synovial fluid crystals definitive for the disease.
Kjeldsberg C, Knight J: Body fluids: Laboratory examination of cerebrospinal, seminal, serous and synovial fluids. Third edition. Chicago, American Society of Clinical Pathologists, 1993 pp 272-283, 292-293


propellor-5.13: property-based host configuration management in haskell
Safe HaskellNone
LanguageHaskell2010
Propellor.Base
Description
Pulls in lots of useful modules for building and using Properties.
Synopsis
Propellor modules
System modules
getTemporaryDirectory :: IO FilePath #
Returns the current directory for temporary files.
On Unix, getTemporaryDirectory returns the value of the TMPDIR environment variable or "/tmp" if the variable isn't defined. On Windows, the function checks for the existence of environment variables in the following order and uses the first path found:
 - TMP environment variable.
 - TEMP environment variable.
 - USERPROFILE environment variable.
 - The Windows directory
The operation may fail with:
 - UnsupportedOperation The operating system has no notion of temporary directory.
The function doesn't verify whether the path exists.
getUserDocumentsDirectory :: IO FilePath #
Returns the current user's document directory.
The directory returned is expected to be writable by the current user, but note that it isn't generally considered good practice to store application-specific data here; use getXdgDirectory or getAppUserDataDirectory instead.
On Unix, getUserDocumentsDirectory returns the value of the HOME environment variable. On Windows, the system is queried for a suitable path; a typical path might be C:/Users/<user>/Documents.
The operation may fail with:
 - UnsupportedOperation The operating system has no notion of document directory.
 - isDoesNotExistError The document directory for the current user does not exist, or cannot be found.
getAppUserDataDirectory #
Arguments
:: FilePath
a relative path that is appended to the path
-> IO FilePath
Obtain the path to a special directory for storing user-specific application data (traditional Unix location). Newer applications may prefer the the XDG-conformant location provided by getXdgDirectory (migration guide).
The argument is usually the name of the application. Since it will be integrated into the path, it must consist of valid path characters.
 - On Unix-like systems, the path is ~/.<app>.
 - On Windows, the path is %APPDATA%/<app> (e.g. C:/Users/<user>/AppData/Roaming/<app>)
Note: the directory may not actually exist, in which case you would need to create it. It is expected that the parent directory exists and is writable.
The operation may fail with:
 - UnsupportedOperation The operating system has no notion of application-specific data directory.
 - isDoesNotExistError The home directory for the current user does not exist, or cannot be found.
getXdgDirectoryList #
Arguments
:: XdgDirectoryList
which special directory list
-> IO [FilePath]
Similar to getXdgDirectory but retrieves the entire list of XDG directories.
On Windows, XdgDataDirs and XdgConfigDirs usually map to the same list of directories unless overridden.
Refer to the docs of XdgDirectoryList for more details.
getXdgDirectory #
Arguments
:: XdgDirectory
which special directory
-> FilePath
a relative path that is appended to the path; if empty, the base path is returned
-> IO FilePath
Obtain the paths to special directories for storing user-specific application data, configuration, and cache files, conforming to the XDG Base Directory Specification. Compared with getAppUserDataDirectory, this function provides a more fine-grained hierarchy as well as greater flexibility for the user.
On Windows, XdgData and XdgConfig usually map to the same directory unless overridden.
Refer to the docs of XdgDirectory for more details.
The second argument is usually the name of the application. Since it will be integrated into the path, it must consist of valid path characters. Note: if the second argument is an absolute path, it will just return the second argument.
Note: The directory may not actually exist, in which case you would need to create it with file mode 700 (i.e. only accessible by the owner).
As of 1.3.5.0, the environment variable is ignored if set to a relative path, per revised XDG Base Directory Specification. See #100.
Since: directory-1.2.3.0
getHomeDirectory :: IO FilePath #
Returns the current user's home directory.
The directory returned is expected to be writable by the current user, but note that it isn't generally considered good practice to store application-specific data here; use getXdgDirectory or getAppUserDataDirectory instead.
On Unix, getHomeDirectory behaves as follows:
 - Returns $HOME env variable if set (including to an empty string).
 - Otherwise uses home directory returned by getpwuid_r using the UID of the current proccesses user. This basically reads the etcpasswd file. An empty home directory field is considered valid.
On Windows, the system is queried for a suitable path; a typical path might be C:/Users/<user>.
The operation may fail with:
 - UnsupportedOperation The operating system has no notion of home directory.
 - isDoesNotExistError The home directory for the current user does not exist, or cannot be found.
setModificationTime :: FilePath -> UTCTime -> IO () #
Change the time at which the file or directory was last modified.
The operation may fail with:
Some caveats for POSIX systems:
 - Not all systems support utimensat, in which case the function can only emulate the behavior by reading the access time and then setting both the access and modification times together. On systems where utimensat is supported, the modification time is set atomically with nanosecond precision.
 - If compiled against a version of unix prior to 2.7.0.0, the function would not be able to set timestamps with sub-second resolution. In this case, there would also be loss of precision in the access time.
Since: directory-1.2.3.0
setAccessTime :: FilePath -> UTCTime -> IO () #
Change the time at which the file or directory was last accessed.
The operation may fail with:
Some caveats for POSIX systems:
 - Not all systems support utimensat, in which case the function can only emulate the behavior by reading the modification time and then setting both the access and modification times together. On systems where utimensat is supported, the access time is set atomically with nanosecond precision.
 - If compiled against a version of unix prior to 2.7.0.0, the function would not be able to set timestamps with sub-second resolution. In this case, there would also be loss of precision in the modification time.
Since: directory-1.2.3.0
getModificationTime :: FilePath -> IO UTCTime #
Obtain the time at which the file or directory was last modified.
The operation may fail with:
Caveat for POSIX systems: This function returns a timestamp with sub-second resolution only if this package is compiled against unix-2.6.0.0 or later and the underlying filesystem supports them.
getAccessTime :: FilePath -> IO UTCTime #
Obtain the time at which the file or directory was last accessed.
The operation may fail with:
Caveat for POSIX systems: This function returns a timestamp with sub-second resolution only if this package is compiled against unix-2.6.0.0 or later and the underlying filesystem supports them.
Since: directory-1.2.3.0
getSymbolicLinkTarget :: FilePath -> IO FilePath #
Retrieve the target path of either a file or directory symbolic link. The returned path may not be absolute, may not exist, and may not even be a valid path.
On Windows systems, this calls DeviceIoControl with FSCTL_GET_REPARSE_POINT. In addition to symbolic links, the function also works on junction points. On POSIX systems, this calls readlink.
Windows-specific errors: This operation may fail with illegalOperationErrorType if the file system does not support symbolic links.
Since: directory-1.3.1.0
pathIsSymbolicLink :: FilePath -> IO Bool #
Check whether an existing path is a symbolic link. If path is a regular file or directory, False is returned. If path does not exist or is otherwise inaccessible, an exception is thrown (see below).
On Windows, this checks for FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT. In addition to symbolic links, the function also returns true on junction points. On POSIX systems, this checks for S_IFLNK.
The operation may fail with:
Since: directory-1.3.0.0
removeDirectoryLink :: FilePath -> IO ()


text:
Nicholas and Alexandra
Orion Publishing Co
Dec 14, 2000
About the Book
The tragic, compelling story of the last Tsar and his family
Nicholas & Alexandra is the internationally famous biography from Pulitzer prize-winner Robert Massie. Massie shows conclusively how the personal curse of the young heir's haemophilia, and the decisive influence it brought Rasputin, became fatally linked with the collapse of Imperial Russia. As an engrossing account of one of the century's most dramatic episodes - and an intimate portrait of two people caught at the centre of a maelstrom - Nicholas & Alexandra is unlikely ever to be surpassed.
'The story of the last Tsar has probably never been so powerfully - and so accurately - told' Guardian


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On improving the accuracy of primal-dual interior point methods for linear programming
dc.contributor.advisorZhang, Yin
dc.creatorWang, Shana
dc.date.accessioned2009-06-04T08:20:42Z
dc.date.available2009-06-04T08:20:42Z
dc.date.issued2005
dc.description.abstractImplementations of the primal-dual approach in solving linear programming problems still face issues in maintaining numerical stability and in attaining high accuracy. The major source of numerical problems occurs during the solving of a highly ill-conditioned linear system within the algorithm. We perform a numerical investigation to better understand the numerical behavior related to the solution accuracy of an implementation of an infeasible primal-dual interior-point (IPDIP) algorithm in LIPSOL, a linear programming solver. From our study, we learned that most test problems can achieve higher than the standard 10-8 accuracy used in practice, and a high condition number of the ill-conditioned coefficient matrix does not solely determine the attainable solution accuracy. Furthermore, we learned that the convergence of the primal residual is usually most affected by numerical errors. Most importantly, early satisfaction of the primal equality constraints is often conducive to eventually achieving high solution accuracy.
dc.format.extent47 p.en_US
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.callnoTHESIS MATH.SCI. 2005 WANG
dc.identifier.citationWang, Shana. "On improving the accuracy of primal-dual interior point methods for linear programming." (2005) Master's Thesis, Rice University. <a href="_URL_
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1911/17838
dc.language.isoeng
dc.rightsCopyright is held by the author, unless otherwise indicated. Permission to reuse, publish, or reproduce the work beyond the bounds of fair use or other exemptions to copyright law must be obtained from the copyright holder.
dc.subjectMathematics
dc.subjectOperations research
dc.titleOn improving the accuracy of primal-dual interior point methods for linear programming
dc.typeThesis
dc.type.materialText
thesis.degree.departmentMathematical Sciences
thesis.degree.disciplineEngineering
thesis.degree.grantorRice University
thesis.degree.levelMasters
thesis.degree.nameMaster of Arts
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What is Tactel Fabric
Produced by Invista, the maker of Lycra, TACTEL is a nylon 66 microfiber that dries eight times faster than cotton. It's also at least twice as soft and 20% lighter than most fabrics. The suppleness and softness of TACTEL help minimize chafing. Two other important aspects of TACTEL are its breathability and noticeable strength.
As with other nylon fibers, TACTEL is hygroscopic. It absorbs moisture out of the air or out of its surrounding (such as our skin). The higher the humidity, the faster nylon will absorb moisture, until it becomes saturated. When exposed to dryer air, the moisture will evaporate and the fiber will dry out.
All these traits make TACTEL an ideal microfiber to use in activewear. The raised outer surface of the item creates a unique sensation. The leggings (in all lengths) also have an inner lining whose color matches the outer shell, so you can move with more freedom.


text:
Survey uncovers Grauer's Swamp-warbler nest
Recent surveys of Africa's Albertine Rift Valley have shed new light on Grauer's Swamp-warbler Bradypterus graueri, a particularly vocal Endangered bird that occurs nowhere else on Earth.
In the past, adult swamp-warblers have been recorded throughout the Rift Valley, in Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda and Rwanda.
Yet breeding and nesting behaviour –two vital facets of information for conservationists working to save the speciesremained largely unknown, until now.
"During our routine surveys of the Kabatwa Swamp in the Volcanoes National Park [in Rwanda], we came across a small cup-shaped nest perched in foliage 35cm from the ground.
The nest was built from Poa leptocrada and other sedges.
To our surprise there were two chicks sitting in the nest," said Claudien Nsabagasani, Ornithological Researcher with Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International (DFGFI) and IBA Focal Point for Association pour la Conservation de la Nature au Rwanda, ACNR (BirdLife in Rwanda).
"We revisited the Swamp-warbler nest daily from then on to acquire information on nesting and feeding behaviour before the chicks fledged a week later."
The photos of the warbler nest are Rwanda's first, shedding important light on the reproductive ecology of the species.
The surveyors, supported by funding from RSPB (BirdLife in the UK) and DFGFI, had been monitoring Grauer's Swamp-warbler over four seasons, starting in July 2006, in the Volcanoes National Park, an Important Bird Area (IBA).
"With threatened species, every nest counts," said Paul Kariuki Ndang'ang'a, the Species Programme Manager at BirdLife Africa Partnership Secretariat.
Birding in Rwanda: here.
An Endangered Grauer's Swamp Warbler Bradypterus graueri – so far found in the restricted range of swamps of Burundi, Rwanda and eastern part of DRC – was recently mistnetted at one of valley swamps of Kibira National Park called Mwokora. The bird was caught during a field work as part of the BirdLife International/MacArthur Foundation project: here.


text:
Nowadays, many software developers choose to host their projects in open software repositories. These repositories have become valuable resources of software engineering research. Many emerging software engineering research efforts are based on analyzing and mining these repositories, or are evaluated on the software projects collected from these repositories. However, a major obstacle of effectively leveraging these repositories is that, most of repositories contain only source code, while a large portion of program analysis techniques target at objective code only. Thus, most software engineering researchers have to either manually build a small number of software projects to enable objective-code analysis on them, or use only source-code analysis techniques. In this paper, we propose to bridge this gap by automatic compiling and building software projects in software repositories. Specifically, we present a fully automatic building tool called AutoBuilder, that detects build configuration files, downloads dependencies, and resolves conflicts and incompatibilities. To evaluate our technique, we apply our approach on a randomly collected set of 1,000 software projects with 23 million lines of code from Github. The experimental results show that our approach is able to successfully build 58.0\% of the projects and compile 59.0\% of the code (in lines), compared with building 32.6\% of the projects, and compiling 32.3\% of the code (in lines) by a baseline approach.
xiaoyin.wang AT utsa.edu
Download AutoBuilder 0.1
Automatically bulding software projects to support analysis of software repositories
Preliminary Study Details
Up-to-date Set Evaluation Details
Historical Set Evaluation Details
Study of Build Correctness


What's the difference between a "cold read" and a "prepared material" workshop?
Important question! A "cold read" means the workshop instructor (the casting director) provides material, usually from the shows he or she may have worked on, that you then read "cold" (without much time to rehearse). Usually the instructor gathers each actor's headshot, and then assigns scenes, sometimes pairing actors together. You then will have 5-15 minutes to work on your scene, and then perform them for the instructor (see classroom vs 1-on-1 style for more info). Generally you should hold your sides while performing a cold read.
A "prepared material" workshop means you must bring in your own scene or monologue (be sure to check if the studio provides a reader) and perform for the instructor. Whether or not you hold your sides/script is entirely up to you, but prepared material should be just thatprepared. Some workshop studios require you to get your own scenes approved prior to your workshop. When registering always be sure to ask what that studio's policy is, as well as how to get your scene approved, if need be.
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Help With Function to find MAX value in Array
I am new to Rust and trying to make a function to return the max value of an array and reverse an array:
The following code works but is not a function:
fn main() {
 let arr: [i64; 5] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
 let mut large: i64 = 0;
 let mut i: usize = 0;
 large = arr[0];
 while i < arr.len() {
 if large < arr[i] {
 large = arr[i]
 }
 i = i + 1;
 }
 println!("Largest element in the array: {}", large);
}
Can a function be made and simply called by main?
fn max_number(_numbers: &[i64]) -> i64 {
 …
}
Best, David
FYI, code needs to be formatted by enclosing it between two lines of three (or more) backticks, like so:
'''
Code goes here
'''
You appear to have formatted your code by preceding lines with >, which is for formatting blockquotes.
On the matter of your actual question, exactly what trouble are you having with trying to convert your code into a function? Have you made any attempts, and, if so, what errors did the compiler give?
1 Like
I assume this is for learning purposes. I'll walk through how this can be done and some improvements that could be made.
Here's a first pass at modifying your program. I made minimal changes:
 - Added the function you suggested
 - Put most of your code in the function
 - Renamed arr to numbers in the function
 - Added large at the end of the function to return it
 - Left the array and println in main, and called the function to get large
There's still a warning about an unused initialization that we can get rid of:
- let mut large: i64 = 0;
 let mut i: usize = 0;
-
- large = numbers[0];
+ let mut large = numbers[0];
But here's a question for you: What should happen when someone passes in an empty slice? Indexing element 0 will panic if the slice is empty in this version. We'll come back to do this later.
Next pass: It's much more idiomatic to use iterators in Rust than to do "manual" indexing like you're doing here. for loops work with iterators, or more technically things that implement IntoIterator (that can be turned into iterators). Shared slices like &[i64] implement that trait, and the resulting iterator is over references to the contents (i.e. the iterator items are &i64).
So we can rewrite your while loop into a for loop and get rid of i:
 for number in numbers {
 if large < *number {
 large = *number
 }
 }
At this point there's a number of minor tweaks that could be applied, for example to get rid of the need to dereference number all the time. But now I want to return to the question about empty slices. We can address that by returning an Option instead of an i64, and then the caller can decide what they want to do (use a default value, panic, etc.)
fn max_number(numbers: &[i64]) -> Option<i64> {
 let mut large = numbers.get(0)?;
 for number in numbers {
 if large < number {
 large = number
 }
 }

 Some(*large)
}
Here,
 - I changed the signature to return Option
 - get is similar to indexing, but returns an Option to a reference of the contents
 - If the slice is empty, .get(0) will return None instead of panicking
 - The ? will return from the function if get returned None; otherwise, it evaluates to the contained reference, which gets assigned to large
 - Because large is a reference now, I removed all the dereferenes from number
 - I wrapped large in Some when returning it, and added a dereference to large
The biggest thing to learn here is probably the ? operator. It works with Result as well as Option, and is covered in this part of the book.
We need one more change to make this compile:
 fn main() {
 let arr: [i64; 5] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
- let large = max_number(&arr);
+ let large = max_number(&arr).unwrap();
 println!("Largest element in the array: {}", large);
 }
It's okay to unwrap here -- we'll only get None if the slice we pass in is empty, and we know that's not the case because we're passing in a reference to an array of size 5.
Here's the playground with those changes.
I think that's a good enough stopping point for this exercise.
Incidentally, finding the maximum element is a common enough operation that there's a generic way to do it in the standard library. It's a method on the Iterator trait. So you could just do this:
 // 'large' is now a reference in this version...
 let large = arr.iter().max().unwrap();
 // ...or in this version it's still an 'i64'
 let large = arr.iter().copied().max().unwrap();
(But I've assumed that's not the point of this post.)
P.s. See the pinned post on code formatting for this forum.
1 Like
quinedot,
Thank you for this awesome presentation which is really a complete lesson which I've saved for review,
appreciate the time and care + sharing.
Best,
David
This topic was automatically closed 90 days after the last reply. We invite you to open a new topic if you have further questions or comments.


Place:Asquith, Saskatchewan, Canada
Coordinates52.15°N 107.233°W
Located inSaskatchewan, Canada (1906 - )
Contained Places
Asquith Cemetery
source: Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names
source: Family History Library Catalog
the text in this section is copied from an article in Wikipedia
Asquith (2011 Population 603) is a town in south-central Saskatchewan, Canada, approximately 20 minutes west of Saskatoon. It became a village in December 1907.
Asquith became a village In December 1907, and a town Aug 15, 1908. [The Asquith Record] It was named for Herbert H Asquith (Lord Asquith) who was the British Prime Minister at the time of incorporation.
Asquith is located within the physical boundaries of the Rural Municipality of Vanscoy No. 345, but is independent from it. A sign at the entrance to Asquith includes the statement "Center of the British Empire" but the origin of this claim is unknown.
This page uses content from the English Wikipedia. The original content was at Asquith, Saskatchewan. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with WeRelate, the content of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.


postgresql.conf file can contain include directives, which specify another file to read and process as if it were inserted into the configuration file at this point. This feature allows a configuration file to be divided into physically separate parts. Include directives simply look like:
include 'filename'
If the file name is not an absolute path, it is taken as relative to the directory containing the referencing configuration file. Inclusions can be nested.
There is also an include_if_exists directive, which acts the same as the include directive, except when the referenced file does not exist or cannot be read. A regular include will consider this an error condition, but include_if_exists merely logs a message and continues processing the referencing configuration file.
The postgresql.conf file can also contain include_dir directives, which specify an entire directory of configuration files to include. These look like
include_dir 'directory'
Non-absolute directory names are taken as relative to the directory containing the referencing configuration file. Within the specified directory, only non-directory files whose names end with the suffix .conf will be included. File names that start with the . character are also ignored, to prevent mistakes since such files are hidden on some platforms. Multiple files within an include directory are processed in file name order (according to C locale rules, i.e., numbers before letters, and uppercase letters before lowercase ones).
Include files or directories can be used to logically separate portions of the database configuration, rather than having a single large postgresql.conf file. Consider a company that has two database servers, each with a different amount of memory. There are likely elements of the configuration both will share, for things such as logging. But memory-related parameters on the server will vary between the two. And there might be server specific customizations, too. One way to manage this situation is to break the custom configuration changes for your site into three files. You could add this to the end of your postgresql.conf file to include them:
include 'shared.conf'
include 'memory.conf'
include 'server.conf'
All systems would have the same shared.conf. Each server with a particular amount of memory could share the same memory.conf; you might have one for all servers with 8GB of RAM, another for those having 16GB. And finally server.conf could have truly server-specific configuration information in it.
Another possibility is to create a configuration file directory and put this information into files there. For example, a conf.d directory could be referenced at the end of postgresql.conf:
include_dir 'conf.d'
Then you could name the files in the conf.d directory like this:
00shared.conf
01memory.conf
02server.conf
This naming convention establishes a clear order in which these files will be loaded. This is important because only the last setting encountered for a particular parameter while the server is reading configuration files will be used. In this example, something set in conf.d/02server.conf would override a value set in conf.d/01memory.conf.
You might instead use this approach to naming the files descriptively:
00shared.conf
01memory-8GB.conf
02server-foo.conf
This sort of arrangement gives a unique name for each configuration file variation. This can help eliminate ambiguity when several servers have their configurations all stored in one place, such as in a version control repository. (Storing database configuration files under version control is another good practice to consider.)
Submit correction
If you see anything in the documentation that is not correct, does not match your experience with the particular feature or requires further clarification, please use this form to report a documentation issue.


text:
Special offer original Price £10.95 Now £2.50.
Seven meditations on the creation narrative of Genesis 1-2.3 use the text as a starting point for the developing life of prayer. Each chapter concludes with a summary and seven suggestions for ways of praying. These meditations are suitable for individuals or groups as a lent course.
Let There Be Light
- Author: Angela Tilby
- Publisher: D.L.T


% Encoding: UTF-8 @COMMENT{BibTeX export based on data in FAU CRIS: _URL_ @COMMENT{For any questions please write to _EMAIL_} @article{faucris.314560869, abstract = {We consider a multi-link diffusion-based molecular communication (MC) system where multiple spatially distributed transmitter (TX)-receiver (RX) pairs establish point-to-point communication links employing the same type of signaling molecules. To exploit the full potential of such a system, an in-depth understanding of the interplay between the spatial link density and inter-link interference (ILI) and its impact on system performance is needed. In this paper, we consider a three-dimensional unbounded domain with multiple spatially distributed point-to-point non-cooperative transmission links, where both the TXs and RXs are positioned on a regular fixed grid. For this setup, we first derive an analytical expression for the channel impulse responses (CIRs) between the TXs and RXs in the system. Then, we derive the maximum likelihood (ML) detector for the RXs and show that it reduces to a thresholdbased detector. Moreover, we derive an analytical expression for the corresponding detection threshold which depends on the statistics of the desired signal from the dedicated TX, the statistics of the MC channel, and the statistics of the ILI. We also provide a low-complexity suboptimal decision threshold. Furthermore, we derive an analytical expression for the bit error rate (BER) and the achievable rate of a single transmission link. Finally, we propose two new performance metrics, namely area rate efficiency (ARE) and area and time rate efficiency (ARTE), suitable for holistically evaluating spatially distributed multi-link MC systems. In particular, ARE and ARTE capture the tradeoff between transmission link density and achievable rate per link and the tradeoff between transmission link density, achievable rate per link, and inter-symbol interference (ISI), respectively. Hence, ARE and ARTE can be exploited to determine the optimal transmission link density for maximizing the throughput of the entire system.}, author = {Brand, Lukas and Lotter, Sebastian and Jamali, Vahid and Schober, Robert and Schäfer, Maximilian}, doi = {10.1109/TMBMC.2023._PHONE_}, faupublication = {yes}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological and Multi-Scale Communications}, keywords = {Detectors; Interference; Measurement; MIMO communication; Sensors; Signal to noise ratio; Wireless communication}, note = {Created from Fastlane, Scopus look-up}, pages = {1-1}, peerreviewed = {Yes}, title = {{Area} {Rate} {Efficiency} in {Multi}-{Link} {Molecular} {Communications}}, year = {2023} }


Question: What Are Two Lines That Intersect To Form Right Angles Called?
What are opposite angles called?
Another word for opposite angles are vertical angles.
Vertical angles are always congruent, which means that they are equal.
Adjacent angles are angles that come out of the same vertex.
Adjacent angles share a common ray and do not overlap..
When two lines intersect they create a?
Two intersecting lines form a pair of vertical angles. The vertical angles are opposite angles with a common vertex (which is the point of intersection).
When two lines intersect four angles are formed called?
Vertical Angles When two lines intersect, they create four angles. The angles opposite one another are called vertical angles. Vertical angles are equal to each other. Here 1 = 2, and 3 = 4.
When two lines intersect the opposite angles are?
Vertical angles are pair angles formed when two lines intersect. Vertical angles are sometimes referred to as vertically opposite angles because the angles are opposite to each other.
What do you call the lines that never intersect?
In geometry, parallel lines are lines in a plane which do not meet; that is, two straight lines in a plane that do not intersect at any point are said to be parallel. Colloquially, curves that do not touch each other or intersect and keep a fixed minimum distance are said to be parallel.
Is there a symbol for intersecting lines?
Straight lines that cross each other at some point are called intersecting lines. These lines will intersect at one point only over their entire length. There is no symbol to use when naming intersecting lines.
What are two lines in the same plane called?
Two lines, both in the same plane, that never intersect are called parallel lines. Parallel lines remain the same distance apart at all times.
What is the symbol for parallel lines?
Geometric SymbolInterpretation||Parallel⊥PerpendicularCongruentSimilar6 more rows
What are the types of angles in parallel lines?
Angles that are in the area between the parallel lines like angle H and C above are called interior angles whereas the angles that are on the outside of the two parallel lines like D and G are called exterior angles. Angles that are on the opposite sides of the transversal are called alternate angles e.g. H and B.


Does the "simulation temperature" setting in MODE do anything?
I tried to change the "simulation temperature" in the general tab of FDE or varFDTD (default value is 300K). I was expecting Neff of a silicon WG to change due to silicon's thermo-opto effect. However, the simulation results do not appear to change al all with different temperature values. Is this how it should be?
Dear _USER_.xie
The value for simulation temperature will be important if you use a perturbed index material. To add such a material, click on Add and then select index perturbation in Material Database:
In the simulation file attached, I have two silicon rectangles. These two rectangles have different materials, and index for rectangle 1 is a function of temperature. By setting different values for simulation temperature you can study how the index varies:
As you can see in the figure above, only rectangle 1 (the top rectangle) is affected by simulation temperature.
I hope this answered your question.
index_perturbed_test.lms (279.2 KB)
Dear Behzad,
This is a perfect answer to my question. Thank you so much.
1 Like


",
 bibdate = "Thu Jun 12 18:09:35 MDT 2008",
 bibsource = "_URL_
 _URL_
 abstract = "Power leakage constitutes an increasing fraction of
 the total power consumption in modern semiconductor
 technologies due to the continuing size reductions and
 increasing speeds of transistors. Recent studies have
 attempted to reduce leakage power using integrated
 architecture and compiler power-gating mechanisms. This
 approach involves compilers inserting instructions into
 programs to shut down and wake up components, as
 appropriate. While early studies showed this approach
 to be effective, there are concerns about the large
 amount of power-control instructions being added to
 programs due to the increasing amount of components
 equipped with power-gating controls in SoC design
 platforms. In this article we present a sink-n-hoist
 framework for a compiler to generate balanced
 scheduling of power-gating instructions. Our solution
 attempts to merge several power-gating instructions
 into a single compound instruction, thereby reducing
 the amount of power-gating instructions issued. We
 performed experiments by incorporating our compiler
 analysis and scheduling policies into SUIF compiler
 tools and by simulating the energy consumption using
 Wattch toolkits. The experimental results demonstrate
 that our mechanisms are effective in reducing the
 amount of power-gating instructions while further
 reducing leakage power compared to previous methods.",
 acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
 articleno = "51",
 journal-URL = "_URL_
 keywords = "balanced scheduling; Compilers for low power;
 data-flow analysis; leakage-power reduction;
 power-gating mechanisms",
}
@Article{Chen:2007:NMA,
 author = "Gang Chen and Xiaoyu Song and Feng Liu and Qingping
 Tan and Fei He",
 title = "A note on {''A mapping algorithm for computer-assisted
 exploration in the design of embedded systems''}",
 journal = j-TODAES,
 volume = "12",
 number = "4",
 pages = "52:1--52:??",
 month = sep,
 year = "2007",
 CODEN = "ATASFO",
 DOI = "_URL_
 ISSN = "_PHONE_ (print), _PHONE_ (electronic)",
 bibdate = "Thu Jun 12 18:09:35 MDT 2008",
 bibsource = "_URL_
 _URL_
 note = "See \cite{Mariatos:2001:MAC}.",
 acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
 articleno = "52",
 journal-URL = "_URL_
}
@Article{Dutt:2008:Ea,
 author = "Nikil Dutt",
 title = "Editorial",
 journal = j-TODAES,
 volume = "13",
 number = "1",
 pages = "1:1--1:??",
 month = jan,
 year = "2008",
 CODEN = "ATASFO",
 DOI = "_URL_
 ISSN = "_PHONE_ (print), _PHONE_ (electronic)",
 bibdate = "Thu Jun 12 18:10:00 MDT 2008",
 bibsource = "_URL_
 _URL_
 acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
 articleno = "1",
 journal-URL = "_URL_
}
@Article{Hsiao:2008:ISS,
 author = "Michael S. Hsiao and Robert B. Jones",
 title = "Introduction to special section on high-level design,
 validation, and test",
 journal = j-TODAES,
 volume = "13",
 number = "1",
 pages = "2:1--2:??",
 month = jan,
 year = "2008",
 CODEN = "ATASFO",
 DOI = "_URL_
 ISSN = "_PHONE_ (print), _PHONE_ (electronic)",
 bibdate = "Thu Jun 12 18:10:00 MDT 2008",
 bibsource = "_URL_
 _URL_
 acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
 articleno = "2",
 journal-URL = "_URL_
}
@Article{Cabodi:2008:BID,
 author = "Gianpiero Cabodi and Marco Murciano and Sergio Nocco
 and Stefano Quer",
 title = "Boosting interpolation with dynamic localized
 abstraction and redundancy removal",
 journal = j-TODAES,
 volume = "13",
 number = "1",
 pages = "3:1--3:??",
 month = jan,
 year = "2008",
 CODEN = "ATASFO",
 DOI = "_URL_
 ISSN = "_PHONE_ (print), _PHONE_ (electronic)",
 bibdate = "Thu Jun 12 18:10:00 MDT 2008",
 bibsource = "_URL_
 _URL_
 abstract = "SAT--based Unbounded Model Checking based on Craig
 Interpolants is often able to overcome BDDs and other
 SAT--based techniques on large verification instances.
 Based on refutation proofs generated by SAT solvers,
 interpolants provide compact circuit representations of
 state sets, as they abstract away several nonrelevant
 details of the proofs. We propose three main
 contributions, aimed at controlling interpolant size
 and traversal depth. First of all, we introduce
 interpolant--based dynamic abstraction to reduce the
 support of computed interpolants. Subsequently, we
 propose new advances in interpolant compaction by
 redundancy removal. Finally, we introduce interpolant
 computation exploiting circuit quantification, instead
 of SAT refutation proofs. These techniques heavily rely
 on an effective application of the incremental SAT
 paradigm. The experimental results proposed in this
 paper are specifically oriented to prove properties,
 rather than disproving them, i.e., they target complete
 verification instead of simply hunting bugs. They show
 how this methodology is able to stretch the
 applicability of interpolant--based Model Checking to
 larger and deeper verification instances.",
 acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
 articleno = "3",
 journal-URL = "_URL_
 keywords = "abstraction; Interpolant; redundancy removal",
}
@Article{Boule:2008:ABA,
 author = "Marc Boul{\'e} and Zeljko Zilic",
 title = "Automata-based assertion-checker synthesis of {PSL}
 properties",
 journal = j-TODAES,
 volume = "13",
 number = "1",
 pages = "4:1--4:??",
 month = jan,
 year = "2008",
 CODEN = "ATASFO",
 DOI = "_URL_
 ISSN = "_PHONE_ (print), _PHONE_ (electronic)",
 bibdate = "Thu Jun 12 18:10:00 MDT 2008",
 bibsource = "_URL_
 _URL_
 abstract = "Assertion-based verification with languages such as
 PSL is gaining in importance. From assertions, one can
 generate hardware assertion checkers for use in
 emulation, simulation acceleration and silicon debug.
 We present techniques for checker generation of the
 complete set of PSL properties, including all variants
 of operators, both strong and weak. A full
 automata-based approach allows an entire assertion to
 be represented by a single automaton, hence allowing
 optimizations that can not be done in a modular
 approach where subcircuits are created only for
 individual operators. For this purpose, automata
 algorithms are developed for the base cases, and a
 complete set of rewrite rules is derived for other
 operators. Automata splitting is introduced for an
 efficient implementation of the eventually! operator.",
 acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
 articleno = "4",
 journal-URL = "_URL_
 keywords = "assertion checkers; Assertion-Based Verification;
 automata; emulation; hardware; PSL",
}
@Article{Rahaman:2008:CTB,
 author = "H. Rahaman and J. Mathew and D. K. Pradhan and A. M.
 Jabir",
 title = "{C}-testable bit parallel multipliers over {${\rm
 GF}(2^m)$}",
 journal = j-TODAES,
 volume = "13",
 number = "1",
 pages = "5:1--5:??",
 month = jan,
 year = "2008",
 CODEN = "ATASFO",
 DOI = "_URL_
 ISSN = "_PHONE_ (print), _PHONE_ (electronic)",
 bibdate = "Thu Jun 12 18:10:00 MDT 2008",
 bibsource = "_URL_
 _URL_
 abstract = "We present a C-testable design of polynomial basis
 (PB) bit-parallel (BP) multipliers over GF(2 m ) for
 100\% coverage of stuck-at faults. Our design method
 also includes the method for test vector generation,
 which is simple and efficient. C-testability is
 achieved with three control inputs and approximately
 6\% additional hardware. Only 8 constant vectors are
 required irrespective of the sizes of the fields and


text:
One of these names, Pollok, is my grandmother's name. There are various spellings of Pollock, and various stories about how the name originated.
The family Pollok is said to have taken the name in the 12th century when they were given lands in Scotland by King David I of Scotland, along with other
Anglo-Breton refugees from a succession war in England. Clan Pollock website says that they took the name after the name of the location where they
settled. I think a possible explanation is that they took this name from a combination of the French which they spoke and the local name for lakes. Thus:
"peu" (small) de Lachs (lakes in Gaelic).
And then there is the frequent claim that the modern Scottish name Pollock and the Jewish name Pollak have different roots.
I put this snippet of information forward to show that names are deceptive, and one cannot be entirely sure where they came from.
But other details of the history of the Polloks makes me think they easily could have been of partial Jewish descent. Was this descent maternal or paternal or both?
In any case, very mixed. They were not wholly Jewish even if they were partly Jewish. Which "counts" in determining descent from David, the maternal or the paternal line? In Bible times, it would have been the paternal line, but would it be the maternal line today, which is the usual descent counter among modern rabbis?
The founder of the Pollok line in Scotland, Peter, sometimes signed his name on documents as "Peres", which is not only a Jewish name from the Old Testament,
but it the name of one of Judah's twin sons by Tamar. I have found documents showing that this name "Peres" or "Perez" was repeated in generations of the family living in Renfrewshire and Lanarkshire. Usually the people in question were "sheriffs", so there were documents preserved about their activities, and in the early,
wealthier years they gave land to various priories and abbeys in the area, and the donation records listed their names. I recently saw a study online by a Scottish
Ph.D. discussing the INTENSELY VARIED racial and cultural backgrounds of the people who lived in early medieval Scotland, particularly in the midland and borders regions. Bingo! Corroborates what I've seen elsewhere and put together myself as a thesis. There is lots more where that came from.
Well, Doves, this may be of little interest to you considering the momentous times and struggles we face, to discern who has a tiny bit of King David inhabiting his or her genes. I just wanted to say that this IS interesting, very interesting to me when I try to figure out why I am the way I am, but it is as nothing in our consideration of our salvation. Being a child of God is THE important thing, not whether any of us are descended from David or from other Jews of his period.
But I am grateful for the list of modern Jewish people's names who are descended from David. Thanks!
Mariel (I just found out from the Scottish Ph.D. that my "aunt" in the early middle ages actually spelled her name Muriel rather than Mauricle, as most weblinks have it. Pretty close to my Mariel. The proof is the documents collected by the Ph.D. referencing donations by the Pollok, with Muriel Pollok being a donor, as she
was the heir of Peter (Peres) de Pollok.


text:
October 22, 2012
Game Design Club:
Like movie making, game design involves a lot of complicated processes, from programming the environment and character abilities to inventing the levels and point systems. These parts of game design and more will be covered in this 11 week course, using the game design software GameMaker. Your child will have the chance to work in a small group setting to discover more about the fascinating world of gaming.
Time: Mondays, September 24th – December 17th, 2012
Kids Session from 3: 15 pm – 4:45 pm, Teens Session from 5 – 6:30pm
$500 PROMO PRICE! Just $330 for 11 week session. Payments made in installments of $110 every four weeks.
Kids Register Here! Ages 8-12
Teens Register Here! Ages 13-17
Laser cutting is a technology that uses a laser to cut materials, and is typically used for industrial manufacturing applications, but is also starting to be used by schools, small businesses and hobbyists. Laser cutting works by directing the output of a high-power laser, by computer, at the material to be cut. The material then either melts, burns, vaporizes away, or is blown away by a jet of gas, leaving an edge with a high-quality surface finish. Industrial laser cutters are used to cut flat-sheet material as well as structural and piping materials.
In this class, you will learn how to cut your designs onto one sheet of MDF (medium density fiberboard).
Time: October 22nd, 6:30-8:30pm


text:
The beautiful and powerful Madakaripura waterfall is one of several waterfalls in the Bromo-Tenger-Semeru National Park. It is a 200 m high waterfall with rainfalls flowing down the walls of a green cylindrical canyon. To be precise, Madakaripura is a complex of seven waterfalls, the main of which falls from a height of 200 m. At the bottom of the waterfall, the water no longer flows in trickles but turns into mist from splashes.
The way to the waterfall takes about 20 minutes, it is about 1 km and almost half of the way to overcome in the rain of splashes that spread from the falls. Sometimes the road runs along the riverbed and you have to be careful, because it is very slippery and you can fall. Stock up on a raincoat and be ready to soak your feet. The last 50 meters under the waterfall is constantly drizzling and the water is deeper than the ankle. Usually the waterfalls of Southeast Asia are small and not impressive, rather natural spas. But Madakaripura looks majestic and awful. This feeling is accentuated by the gorge into which the main stream descends. The place looks mysterious and dangerous, so it is.
A journey to Madakaripura is better planned for the morning. Rains in the mountains can fill a shallow mountain river in the afternoon and turn it into a powerful roaring mountain stream, while trees can fall from the height of the main waterfall, gaining enough speed below to kill a man. The wreckage of fallen trees lies at the edges of the pool, into which the main cascade flows.
Did you like it? Share it with your friends on social networks. Support us.
It's not hard for you, but it feels good for us!)


text:
The most common type of chloride present in a dog's system is sodium chloride. But this mineral performs a lot of functions, and it can also be reformed into hydrochloric acid, which can be found in your pet's stomach. This substance is essential for the digestion of any type of food.
In today's article, we are looking at high or low chloride in dogs' blood, its causes, its diagnosis, and its treatment, and we're also discussing supplements that contain this mineral and what they can be used for.
Why Should Chloride Exist in Your Dog's Blood?
Both potassium and sodium chloride have to be present in your dog's blood flow as they can regulate the transmission of substances from one cell to another. Chloride ions are also essential when it comes to composing the electrolytes that can be found in your pet's system.
On top of that, chloride ions are in charge of keeping your pet's blood volume within stable limits. This means that your dog shouldn't have high or low blood pressure if the amount of chloride ions they have in their blood is normal.
The kidneys are in charge of managing the quantities of sodium and potassium chloride present in your dog's body. Therefore, pets that have renal pathologies are likely to have issues with their chloride levels.
Natural Sources of Chloride
Since the most common kind of chloride is actually sodium chloride, this means that the most common source is table salt. However, dogs and cats should not have high amounts of salt as it can wreak havoc on their bodies.
Chloride can also be found in unprocessed meat and fish, as well as several types of fruit, but the quantities in these sources are relatively low, so they are actually safer compared to supplements. Even eggs contain 4 to 7% of sodium chloride.
Hyperchloremia – Too Much Chloride in Your Pet's Blood
Hyperchloremia can have several different causes, and that's because it depends on the type of chloride whose level increases in your dog's blood. For example, if your dog has had too much salt, they might experience some of the following symptoms:
- A lack of appetite for water
Some dogs can experience somewhat similar symptoms when their potassium chloride levels are increased. This usually happens when pets receive IV fluids, and they don't have enough time to absorb the electrolytes properly.
The two most common symptoms seen in dogs with increased levels of potassium chloride are hyperventilation and kidney health issues, so changes in the dog's urinary habits, as well as diarrhea.
High blood chloride can also be caused by other factors, such as those listed below:
- Cushing's disease
- NSAIDs (meloxicam or carprofen)
Hypochloremia – Low Levels of Chloride in Your Dog's Blood
Low blood chloride is somewhat less common than high blood chloride, especially in healthy adult dogs. Most pets get the nutrients they need from the commercial diets they have.
Even though some pet owners might be adamant about not giving their dogs salt in any situation whatsoever, those animals are still not going to end up developing hypochloremia.
However, this health problem can be caused by dehydration, a secondary symptom of infectious and non-infectious gastrointestinal disease, where the dog vomits and has diarrhea, therefore losing precious electrolytes.
Other causes of hypochloremia are Addison's disease, the use of laxatives and diuretics, as well as chronic heart disease. Bicarbonate (which is toxic to dogs and should never be given to them for an upset tummy) can also cause hypochloremia, and its IV use should also be carefully analyzed.
How Are Chloride Variations Diagnosed and Treated?
Simple blood tests can reveal any changes in your dog's blood chloride levels, but the issue is that this type of test is not exactly commonly used. What we mean by this is that the vet specifically has to suspect a condition that correlates with chloride changes.
Standard blood tests might not be enough. A blood biochemistry panel for sodium and potassium can be revealing in this sense.
As for the treatment, it depends on your dog's health status. Generally, chloride blood level changes can be treated with IV fluids as they are the best when it comes to balancing the electrolyte blood levels that your dog has.
The pet might also have to receive symptomatic therapy for the clinical signs that they are showing, so as to stop dehydration, for example – anti-nausea medication or specific medication for diarrhea.
Although sodium or potassium chloride can be ingredients of various vitamin and mineral complex supplements, there are specific products made for dogs that have had hyperor hypochloremia in the past or those that have urinary health problems.
For example, ammonium chloride is a urine acidifier that can be used for urinary stones or for treating poisoning or metabolic alkalosis. It's less commonly utilized in pets; however, it is more common in large animal veterinary medicine. Pets usually receive potassium chloride supplements, such as those specifically designed for renal health.
In any case, adding supplements to your dog's diet should only be done under the guidance of a veterinarian, so make sure you talk to your vet beforehand. They know best what conditions your dog might have and if one supplement or another might be dangerous for their health.


text:
(HealthDay)—For patients with esophageal cancer undergoing resection, surgeon volume, but not hospital volume, is independently associated with prognosis, according to research published online Jan. 7 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
To examine the influence of hospital and surgeon volume on survival after esophageal cancer surgery, Maryam Derogar, M.D., of the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, and colleagues conducted a population-based cohort study involving 1,335 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent esophageal resection in 1987 to 2005. Participants were followed for survival until February 2011.
The researchers found that annual hospital volume was not independently associated with overall survival, and after adjustment for hospital clustering effects, hospital volume was not associated with short-term mortality. Mortality occurring at least three months after surgery was significantly reduced with a combination of higher annual and cumulative surgeon volume, with a hazard ratio of 0.78 for surgeons with both annual and cumulative volume above versus below the median. The association persisted after adjustment for hospital and surgeon clustering.
"In conclusion, this large and population-based cohort study provided evidence that long-term survival is independently influenced by surgeon volume but not hospital volume," the authors write.
Explore further: Centralization to fewer surgeons results in better survival after esophageal cancer surgery
Full Text (subscription or payment may be required)


text: Video projectors are useful for at least two things; enlarging the display of a computer and playing back video (like televisions-having nothing to do with computers). Video projectors in rural locations can be a window to the rest of the world. One of the original definitions a of tele-vision is LONG DISTANCE SIGHT. The ratio of financial cost compared to the number of learner hours is vastly superior to any other solution. Video stored on flash media requires 1 gigabyte for 10 hours. In mid 2010, an 8 GB SD card costs $16 and holds 80 hours of video. In the coming years, an SD card will hold 2 terabytes holding 20,000 hours of video. In the long run Haitz's Law will impact video projectors in two ways.


text:
Sudan is preparing to vote on January 9 to decide if the South will become independent from the North. Sudan is a huge country (2.5 million km2), with an estimated population of 44 million people, but it's poorly mapped. Without basic geospatial information, it's difficult for humanitarian agencies and first responders to monitor and evaluate the risks and current needs, target their efforts, and mobilize proper resources.
If you've knowledge of Southern Sudan, an interest in mapping, and some free time, Google encourage you to join the effort. With tools such as Google Map Maker and Sudan Vote Monitor, you've the opportunity to take concrete action by improving the map, helping to monitor and report human rights violations in near-real time and providing insight into the socio-political climate prevalent in the country and region.
Items that you can map:
- Towns and town names (Arabic and local names especially)
- Roads (in-town roads as well) and trails
- Displaced persons camps
- Cultural landmarks
- Geographic landmarks
- Orphanages, shelters etc.
- Community centers
- Border crossing points
- Nomadic camps
- Markets and large cattle gathering points
[tags]vote,voting, map maker,sudan,arabic,maps,landmarks[/tags]


text:
EZ-Spin: Calming WheelsCD146030
Foster the home-to-school connection with EZ-Spin™: Calming Wheels. This pack features 18 two-piece wheels, each measuring 5.25" x 5.25", and includes 6 each of 3 social and emotional categories: Staying in Control, Calming Strategies, and Managing Moods. The EZ-Spin™: Calming Wheels are great for providing a fun way for students to manage their emotions.
Hands-on manipulatives keep students engaged while learning important concepts. EZ-Spin™ wheels can be used during whole-class instruction, independent practice, and small-group instruction.