Structure Opening
Source File Identifier index Theory binding index
signature Opening = sig
 (* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 * CONGPROC
 *
 * INPUTS
 * The first argument should be a function implementing reflexivity
 * for the congruence relation (e.g. REFL for equality). For any
 * reflexivity theorem you can make this easily by:
 * fun refl x = SPEC x thm;
 *
 * The second should be the congruence theorem for the relation
 * Providing these two returns a function which implements a
 * congruence rule suitable for use with the TRAVERSE engine.
 * Create a congruence procedure for a given congruence rule.
 *
 * "CONGRUENCE" PROCEDURES
 * - Use the given continuation to derive simplified subterms
 * - Use the provided solver to solve side conditions (solver
 * is normally just ASSUME)
 * - Rename abstractions to avoid certain variables. (only implemented
 * for EQ_CONGPROC at present).
 *
 * NOTES FROM THE SIMPLIFIER DOCUMENTATION
 *
 * Arbitrary extra contextual information can be introduced by
 * using "congurence rules". These are theorems of a particular
 * shape.
 *
 * The general form must be:
 * \begin{verbatim}
 * |- !x1 x1' ... xn xn'.
 * side-condition1 ==>
 * side-condition2 ==>
 * (!v11...v1m. x1 v11 ... v1m REL x1' v11 ... v1m) ==>
 * (!v21...v2m. [P[x1',v21,...v2m] ==>] x2 v21 ... v2m REL
 * x2' v21 ... v2m) ==>
 * ...
 * F[x1,x2,..,xn] REL F[x1',x2',..,xn']
 * \end{verbatim}
 * That probably doesn't make much sense. Think of F as the construct
 * over which you are expressing the congruence. Think of x1,x2,...xn
 * as the sub-constructs which are being rewritten, some of them under
 * additional assumptions. The implications (one on each line in the
 * sample above) state the necessary results which need to be derived
 * about the subcomponents before the congruence can be deduced. Some
 * of these subcomponenets may be simplified with extra assumpions - this
 * is indicated by P[x1] above.
 *
 * Some subterms may be functions which we want
 * to rewrite under application. See the rule for restricted
 * quantifiers for examples.
 * The simplifier does a degree of higher order matching when
 * these variables are specified.
 *
 * Some examples (where REL is HOL equality)
 * \begin{verbatim}
 * |- !g g' t t' e e'.
 * (g = g') ==>
 * (g ==> (t = t')) ==>
 * (~g ==> (e = e')) ==>
 * ((g => t | e) = (g' => t' | e')) : thm
 *
 * |- !P P' Q Q'.
 * (!x. P x = P' x) ==>
 * (!x. P x ==> (Q x = Q' x)) ==>
 * (RES_EXISTS P Q = RES_EXISTS P' Q') : thm
 * \end{verbatim}
 *
 * ---------------------------------------------------------------------*)
 include Abbrev
 type congproc = {relation: term,
 solver : term -> thm,
 freevars: term list,
 depther : (thm list * term) -> conv} -> conv
 val samerel : term -> term -> bool
 val CONGPROC : ({Rinst:term,arg:term} -> thm) -> thm -> congproc
 val rel_of_congrule : thm -> term
 val nconds_of_congrule : thm -> int
 (* ---------------------------------------------------------------------
 * EQ_CONGPROC
 *
 * Optimized implementations of the HOL equality congruence rules using the
 * built in operations AP_TERM, AP_THM, MK_ABS and MK_COMB. These could
 * conceivably be implemented by:
 * (x = x') ==> (f = f') ==> (f x = f' x')
 * (b = b') ==> (\x. b) = (\x. b')
 * ---------------------------------------------------------------------*)
 val EQ_CONGPROC : congproc
end (* sig *)
Source File Identifier index Theory binding index
HOL 4, Kananaskis-13


text:
This paper presents the transformer-based multilevel inverter-fed induction motor drive. The development of new technology of power electronic switches and control techniques for inverter-based speed control of induction motor has led to the usage of induction motor in industrial and domestic applications. In this work, the stator winding of induction motor is fed through proposed five-level transformer-based symmetrical inverter, which consists of unidirectional and bidirectional switches, mid-point transformer and capacitors as voltage divider network to produce multilevel output voltage at the load side. The speed of the induction motor is varied by changing supply voltage of an induction motor by adjusting width of the pulse width-modulated signal. A speed controller has been implemented through fuzzy logic controller for performing closed loop operation of single phase induction motor drive. The ability of fuzzy-based speed controller can reduce the undesirable sustained oscillations in speed of induction motor drive and also provide better machine performance than conventional linear controller. The proposed controller performance of multilevel inverter-fed induction motor drive system is validated through MATLAB simulink environment.
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
Gandhi Raj, R. and Palpandi, B.
"Development of Fuzzy Logic-Based Speed Control of Novel Multilevel Inverter-Fed Induction Motor Drive,"
Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences: Vol. 12:
4, Article 9.
Available at: _URL_

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
A comment thread about snow dogs led me to an interesting interview with Dr. Susan Whiton, an Alaskan veterinarian who is married to a champion musher who runs a sled dog kennel. She talked about how Siberian Huskies, Alaskan Huskies, Malamutes, and other dogs bred specifically for cold weather are different from other dogs. Their ability to tolerate cold is amazing, as long as they are healthy, well-fed, and are in their prime.
Q. What diet should they eat if they are outside for long periods during the day?
A. The calories in most commercial dog foods come from carbohydrates. In very cold weather, the dogs do better with a higher amount of fat calories. A study indicated a sled dog racing the Iditarod required 10,000 calories a day to meet their metabolic needs. The only way to meet that high caloric need is with a diet high in fat calories. Most pet dogs do not need that many calories and may get very sick from a high fat diet.
When I ran the Yukon Quest in 1987 we encountered -55° F temperatures at night and -20° F during the day. The sled dogs did fine at those temperatures. They were being fed a very high fat, high calorie diet up to four times a day during the rest periods and often got fatty meat snacks during the runs.
Q. How are dogs with a thick undercoat able to keep warm when sleeping?
A. When they sleep they curl up with their tail over their nose, which traps the heat against their bodies. There are lots of photos of resting sled dogs covered with snow. They are holding their heat well since the snow is not melted. The dogs that are not doing well will have ice on their fur. It indicates that they are losing enough body heat to melt the snow. Because their coat is not insulating well more ice will build up making the hair less lofty and less insulating. The thick undercoat of the Northern Breeds provides loft, like a fuzzy mohair sweater, and keeps the warmth next to the animal rather than allowing it to escape. The Iditarod sled dog race only allows Northern Breeds in the race because other breeds can't retain heat well. So when the ice hits their coat it melts and then freezes.
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Moises GoldmanHigher Education and the Economy
Moises Goldman PhD – resident scientist
Parts - Royalty Free 5
Consider the following points:
 - The "whole" is equal to the sum of its parts.
 - The sum of its parts is equal to the "whole"
 - The sum of its wholes makes a bigger-and-better "whole."
This article will focus on the third idea.
.Parts - Royalty Free 2
The Part
Graduate engineers can usually code in various languages—Python, Flash, Java, CSharp, Ruby on Rails. Perhaps they are able to create "apps." They are specialists. With diligence and luck, they go to work in enterprise and fill specific roles.
In those roles, they create what might be call "parts." A project manager pulls together all the parts into a "whole." As typically happens, several of the parts do not fit. The process provides for other specialists that fill the gaps.
Parts--Royalty free 3
I am describing a typical mode of work. Specialists in cubicles re-design parts designed by specialists in other cubicles until the organization achieves a satisfactory whole. This is an iterative process, but not a creative one. Industry blunders forward. By any economic measure, it is grossly inefficient. Where, one may ask, is the root of the problem?
Moises Goldman PhD
Moises Goldman PhD
What is Optimal?
We need only ask a few questions:
 - Do the individual engineers on any given project understand what impact, Parts - Royalty Free 4implication or influence their developments have on the overall wellness, intent or strategy of the enterprise they serve?
 - Do they take into account current policy, regulatory, ethical, or socioeconomic factors?
 - Do they are work together—focusing on the whole and not their "part alone?
If the answer to any of these is no, then without a doubt their efforts cannot be optimal.
The Whole
Parts - Royalty Free 1Universities turn out engineers that are themselves essentially parts. I would argue that they should train-up collaborators adept at comprehending the larger view and better understanding their "part" in the "whole"—in other words, people who are themselves whole.
When each specialist embraces the larger picture, each specialty complements the others. The sum of each whole person makes a bigger-and-better whole project. The sum of the wholes is a bigger-and-better whole.
This article was adapted from a paper for the Institute for Work and the Economy by Moises Goldman PhD.
.Copyright © 2013 Moises Goldman – All Rights Reserved
Filed under chicago, Chicago Ventures, Economics, Education, Entrepreneur, Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship and Politics, Innovation, Innovation and Culture, Invention, MIT, MIT Enterprise Forum, Think Tank
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
A graph has a path from node $j$ to node $i$ if and only if its adjacency matrix has a positive element $(i,j)$ of $A^k$ for some integer $k.$
A proof for this statement will be highly appreciated.
share|improve this question
3 Answers 3
Hint. In fact there are $A_{ij}^m$ walks of length at most $m$ from $i$ to $j$. The inductive proof of this is pretty much identical to the one you're asking asking for, and your question follows a corollary.
Hint 2. Use $A_{ij}^m=\sum_{k=1}^n A_{ik}^{m-1}A_{kj}$.
share|improve this answer
I think you mean walks of length exactly $m$. – Erick Wong Mar 10 '13 at 16:35
You may prove by mathematical induction. The base case is trivial. For the $k$-th iteration, note that $(A^k)_{ij}\not=0$ iff $(A^{k-1})_{i\ell}$ and $A_{\ell j}$ are both nonzero for some index $\ell$.
share|improve this answer
You can prove by induction. See Section 2.1 of this
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Your Answer


Economic Policy Review Executive Summary
When the Back Office Moved to the Front Burner:
Settlement Fails in the Treasury Market after 9/11
Recapping an article from the November 2002 issue
Contact Authors
E-mail authors
23 pages / 251 kb
Authors: Michael J. Fleming and Kenneth D. Garbade
Index of executive summaries
Fleming and Garbade explain why a high rate of settlement fails persisted after September11 despite actions by the Federal Reserve and market participants to ameliorate the problems caused by the attack on the World Trade Center. They argue that fails rose initially as a result of the destruction of records and communication facilities, but remained high because the means typically used to avert or remedy fails—borrowing a security though a special collateral repurchase agreement—proved as costly as failing to deliver the security.
The magnitude of the settlement fails problem that arose in the aftermath of the attack was unprecedented in the history of the Treasury securities market and led Treasury to reopen the actively traded ten-year note with only two hours' notice to market participants. Both the size of the problem and Treasury's strong response make understanding the origins and context of the settlement fails problem particularly important.
Argument and Methodology
Fleming and Garbade begin their analysis with an overview of the settlement process in the Treasury securities market. They explain how settlement fails occur in the normal course of market functioning and describe the role of special collateral repurchase agreements in avoiding and remedying fails (exhibit).
The authors then describe the initial effects of the September11 attack on the settlement process. The destruction of trade records, brokers' offices, and communication facilities caused settlement fails to soar. For the week ending September19, fails averaged $190billion per day, far exceeding the $7.3billion daily average for the first eight months of 2001 (chart). The Federal Reserve responded quickly by suspending selected limits on its securities lending program, thereby making collateral more readily available to primary dealers. Concurrently, market participants worked to resolve the communication and operational problems caused by the attack.
Fleming and Garbade go on to show that despite these steps, settlement fails continued at a high rate through the end of September. The authors argue that fails remained high because a relatively low federal funds rate and investor reluctance to lend securities kept the rates on special collateral repurchase agreements at or near zero. With such low "specials" rates, investors had little incentive to borrow the securities they needed to settle earlier trades.
As concern grew that the level of fails was undermining market functioning, Treasury officials took the unprecedented action of reopening the ten-year note with only two hours' notice. The additional supply raised the note's specials rate and increased investors' incentives to settle their trades. Thereafter, fails declined quickly, dropping from a daily average of $142billion during the week ending October3 to $63billion per day the next week, and then to roughly $18billion per day in each of the following two weeks (chart).
The authors attribute the persistence of fails following September11 to specials rates that were near zero for several actively traded securities. In effect, the cost of borrowing securities to avert or remedy a fail during this period was virtually as high as the cost of failing. Treasury's action to reopen the ten-year note raised the specials rate and made borrowing the note more attractive than failing.
Fleming and Garbade conclude their analysis with a look at long-run reforms to alleviate chronic fails. One initiative considered is the creation of a Treasury facility that could lend specific securities on a temporary basis during periods of high demand. Chronic fails could also be reduced, the authors suggest, through the institution of a penalty fee for fails.
Fails may be remedied by borrowing the needed security through a special collateral repurchase agreement. In the second section of the exhibit below, B remedies its fail to investorC by "reversing in" bonds from investorD and delivering the borrowed bonds to C.
Borrowing Securities to Cure a Settlement Fail
Settlement fails reached their peak immediately after the September attacks and remained high until early October, when Treasury reopened the on-the-run ten-year note.
Settlement Fails in U.S. Treasury Securities
Chart - Settlement Fails in U.S. Treasury Securities
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of NewYork.
Note: The chart plots daily average settlement fails to deliver of U.S. Treasury securities as reported by the primary dealers for the weeks ending January3 through December26,2001.


text:
In 2010, NTI opened the first of its international schools in one of the world's most dynamic and exciting cities: Tokyo, Japan.
Known for generations for its balanced traditional diet and the long age span of its inhabitants, Japan has been rushing towards a modern health crisis due to the import of the modern American diet. With the rise of the Japanese fast food industry, processed, fatty foods, salt and sugar, Japanese society has seen an explosion of diet-related illnesses.
Shin Takeuchi, a pioneer in the health industry, extensively researched American institutions in order to find the right educational partner for his dream of educating a generation of nutrition therapists. After a comprehensive search, he settled upon Nutrition Therapy Institute because of its combination of excellence and tradition.
NTI Japan is the first of our international relationships.


REBOL 3.0
Comments on: Is UNSET allowed normally as an argument?
Carl Sassenrath, CTO
REBOL Technologies
29-Aug-2007 14:25 GMT
Article #0100
Main page || Index || Prior Article [0099] || Next Article [0101] || 6 Comments || Send feedback
Currently in R3, you can type:
>> form ()
== "!unset?!"
This means FORM accepts UNSET as an argument. But, should it?
The definition of UNSET is the value of an variable or expression when it has no value.
For example, the unset variable below returns false when tested for a value:
>> value? 'a-variable
== false
In general, UNSET is intended to throw errors to avoid proceeding too far in evaluation without detecting the missing value.
Currently, in R3 UNSET is allowed as a value for any function argument. It can be seen here:
>> f: func [a] [print :a]
>> f ()
== "unset!"
So, UNSET is being passed as an argument to the function.
But, in R2, to pass UNSET, you had to explicitly specify it in the function's arguments:
f: func [a [integer! unset!]] ...
or,
f: func [a [any-value!]] ...
This allows UNSET to be passed; otherwise, it will generate an error (and it is a useful error at the function interface level, because we can tell the user what is missing, as in "argument a has no value").
That seems like the correct behavior (R2)... but what are your thoughts on it?
6 Comments
Comments:
maarten
29-Aug-2007 11:37
I think the R2 behaviour is correct. What you are describing is the road to void pointers (or at least a road that feels that way).
And the beauty of Rebol is that it doesn't need such a road.
Brian Tiffin
30-Aug-2007 2:32:47
Ditto on maarten's comment. :typo not tripping an error (in the general case) seems like a slippery slope.
Handling unset! should be explicit and not implied.
Ladislav
30-Aug-2007 7:31
The question relates only to the behaviour of func [a] ... In R2 it behaves like a type specifier using an implicit pseudotype called Any!. The main difference between R3 and R2 (R3 being more strict) I see in the fact, that even #[unset!] has to be passed explicitely, i.e. (type?) is OK in R2, but causes error in R3. Regarding the implicit Any! pseudotype: I don't mind which option is picked, if the users prefer the R2 behaviour, then I am OK with it, since I am able to use a different spec if I wish so. Maybe the Any! typeset could be defined explicitely then?
Ladislav
30-Aug-2007 7:43:34
Regarding the spec of some functions, if the R2 behaviour is picked: I would prefer Mold to accept Any-type! in that case, ditto for the Form function. Even for the comparison functions I would prefer to be able to compare Any-type! with Any-type! On the :typo issue Brian mentions above: don't use get-word if you want to have the variable checked. The get-word usage is special and should not be used too often, so I guess the R3 behaviour is better - you have got the protection when using the standard word approach and at the same time you have got another alternative when using get-word.
maxim olivier-adlhoch
7-Sep-2007 12:15:46
Although ladislav's details daunt me a little, I'll second the general opinion that implicit (default) of unset being unsuported in general useage is much more usefull.
how many times would I have had to debug for ages trying to figure out why something goes awry and then where I forgot to return a value after putting a print at the tail of a function! hehe.
Ladislav
7-Sep-2007 16:13:19
Max: "I forgot to return a value after putting a print at the tail of a function! hehe." - but this is unrelated to the subject. Even in R2 you can do that without the interpreter noticing your fault, since the datatype of the function return value cannot be specified yet. The only exception in R2 being error! datatype, but only if you don't use Return.
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text:
Canadians on welfare have significantly higher odds of reporting poor physical and mental health, finds a University of Toronto study.
Statistical analysis of data from the 1996-97 National Population Health Survey revealed that welfare recipients were more likely to report poor or fair health, depression and distress than people not on welfare as well as fewer social supports. The study, published in the March/April issue of the Canadian Journal of Public Health, also found that welfare recipients whose activity was not restricted by long-term disability had greater odds of reporting heart disease than non-welfare recipients.
"These findings indicate that adults on welfare struggle with a broad spectrum of health problems," says the study's senior author, nutritional sciences professor Valerie Tarasuk. "I believe the increasing inadequacy of welfare benefits in many provinces may put them at even greater health risk. The impact of welfare program reforms on the health and well-being of recipients must be assessed and monitored."
The finding that welfare recipients were more likely to report heart disease is of concern because this condition can be prevented or managed, at least in part, by lifestyle modifications, says the study's lead author, U of T medical student Nicholas Vozoris. "Affording special diets, exercise, medications and medical supplies not covered by government programs may be problematic for welfare recipients since many of these healthy lifestyle choices are associated with increased costs," he says.
Source: Eurekalert & othersLast reviewed: By John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on 21 Feb 2009
Published on PsychCentral.com. All rights reserved.
The purpose of life is a life of purpose.
-- Robert Byrne

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Public Meetings and Hearings
Citizens have numerous opportunities to voice their opinions on Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) projects. You may voice your suggestions on a specific project at District Pre-Allocation Hearings and at Tentative Allocation Hearings before a project starts.
Your views affect VDOT's decision on whether or not to proceed with a project and help establish project priorities.
Local governments also offer opportunities for citizen input.
For projects with major impact or public interest, VDOT's solicits views through informal Citizen Participation Meetings, and through household and business surveys conducted through the agency's Environmental and Engineering sections.
These views influence the course of preliminary studies.
After sufficient data has been gathered and evaluated to allow development of feasible alternatives, an opportunity for a public hearing is provided.
Depending on the magnitude of the project, there may be comprehensive advertising of meetings and displays of proposals in several locations prior to the hearing. In some instances, simple public notices will be posted and plans will be available at local VDOT offices.
On major projects, citizens often have two formal opportunities for input – prior to deciding the location of a route, and again prior to a commitment to specific design features.
Here are the various public meetings held by VDOT:
Citizen Informational Meeting:
- An opportunity for the public to review, in an informal setting, the ongoing development of project information.
Citizens Participation Meeting/Workshop:
- Community-based planning session
- Collaborative effort between governments and the communities
- Identifies problems and involves all elements of the community
- Searches for solutions to transportation issues
- Well-publicized opportunity for VDOT to present its studies and polices
- VDOT receives and documents comments from the public on each proposal
Location Public Hearing
- Held before VDOT commits to a specific route
- Allows community to be included when there are alternatives for project locations
- Final determination on need for hearing determined by state location and design engineer
- Held when preliminary engineering studies indicate relative cost differences between alternatives, and the feasibility of their construction based on environmental studies and general engineering practices
Design Public Hearing
- Held after the Commonwealth Transportation Board approves a route location or for projects that do not require extensive relocation before VDOT commits to a specific design
- Also held for projects being developed on existing alignment
- Held after a project field inspection is held and plans are completed and major design features are delineated on plans and identified clearly
- Alternate proposals on major design features may be presented
Combined Location and Design Hearing
- Held for projects determined not to have feasible alternative solutions for the general location, type of necessary facility and transportation mode and where there is no major concern about the need for the project
- Project plans are normally at the same stage of completion as for a Design Public Hearing
- Alternative design features may be presented


text:
Design of a Robust Priming Controller for SMA Actuators
Song, Zihao Hunter
MetadataShow full item record
Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) have been demonstrated to be effective actuator elements in a wide range of applications, such as robotics, medicine, aerospace and automotive. Enabled by the unique thermo-mechanical properties of SMAs, these actuators offer the advantages of light weight, high power-to-weight ratio and a simple actuation mechanism compared to traditional actuator types. At the same time, the widespread adoption of the SMA actuator remains elusive as its low power efficiency and complex hysteretic behaviour often render it an impractical means of actuation. These actuators also exhibit a slow response speed and their response is highly sensitive to changes in the external environment, namely ambient temperature and mechanical stress, thus complicating their control. Position, force or temperature sensors may be used to facilitate feedback control, but at the cost of increasing the overall size and complexity of the system. The difficulties caused by the hysteretic behaviour can be largely avoided when SMA wires are used as on-off actuators, making SMAs well suited for such applications. However, they may still be subject to a wide range of dynamic operating conditions that would impact their actuation time, and achieving a consistent actuation time is often highly desirable. This thesis presents the synthesis of a nitinol SMA actuator control system which uses electrical resistance feedback to enable a fast response speed and robustness to disturbances in the external environment. A study of the resistance behaviour of SMAs is discussed first. The design of an adaptive controller and the experimental evaluation of its performance are described in detail next. The objective of the SMA actuator control system is to achieve a consistent and fast actuation time throughout the range of operating ambient temperature and stress. The control system is implemented experimentally and shown to be quite successful.
Cite this work
Zihao Hunter Song (2012). Design of a Robust Priming Controller for SMA Actuators. UWSpace. _URL_

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Ground-based verification of four-way Doppler measurement for the SELENE mission
In Japan's lunar mission called SELENE (SE-Lenological and ENgineering Explorer), detailed measurements of the lunar gravity field will be made by using two methods. The first is the differential VLBI measurement with two sub-satellites, and the second is the four-way Doppler measurement by using a sub-satellite which relays radio waves from the main lunar orbiter. The lunar far-side gravity field will be directly measured for the first time by using the second method, which will give us new information about the inner structure of the Moon. For the four-way Doppler measurement, the confirmation of the link establishment is an important issue because there is no telemetry relay from the main satellite to the sub-satellite in SELENE. The instruments are now under development, and a compatibility test of the instruments to the ground antenna station was carried out in March 2003. We have applied recently proposed algorithms for the confirmation of the link establishment and confirmed that they work successfully for data obtained during this test. The accuracy of the 2- and 4-way Doppler measurement are also measured and confirmed to be the expected level.
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
- Asari, K., et al., (2003) New methods to monitor a Satellite-to-Satellite 4-way link (in Japanese), IEICE Trans., J86-B, No. 11, 2328–2335Google Scholar
- Lorell, J. and W. L. Sjogren (1968) Lunar gravity: preliminary results from Lunar Orbiter, Science, 159, 625Google Scholar
- Matsumoto, K. et al. (2003) Anticipated accuracy of lunar gravity field model from RSAT/VRAD mission, Abstract of lUGG 2003.Google Scholar
- Sasaki, S. et al. (1998) SELENE Mission: Scientific Objectives (abstract), Proc. 21st Ilnter. Sympo. Space Tech. Sci., 98-i-01Google Scholar


text:
LYNCHES CHAPEL, TX
LYNCHES CHAPEL, TEXAS. Lynches Chapel was six miles west of Alto in southwestern Cherokee County. The site was first settled in the late 1840s or early 1850s by immigrants from the Old South. A Methodist Episcopal church, founded around 1860 and known as Lynches Chapel, became the focus of the community. A school, Hendrick School, operated in the community from 1884 to 1916. In the mid-1930s Lynches Chapel comprised the church, a sawmill, a cotton gin, a gristmill, a furniture shop, and a number of houses. After World War II many of the residents left the area, but in the 1990s the church and a few scattered dwellings still remained.
Cherokee County History (Jacksonville, Texas: Cherokee County Historical Commission, 1986). Marker Files, Texas Historical Commission, Austin.
The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article.Christopher Long, "LYNCHES CHAPEL, TX," Handbook of Texas Online (_URL_ accessed May 18, 2013. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.


text:
Environmental and Climate Justice Films
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Why is ammonia hydrophilic?
Because it is a polar molecule.
A hydrophilic molecule is a term used to describe a molecule that can bond with water, meaning that it is attracted to water molecules.
A water molecule is formed when an oxygen atom to two hydrogen atoms.
The difference in between oxygen, which is very electronegative, and the hydrogen atoms will cause these bonds to be.
The of the water molecule ensures that these polar bonds form a net dipole moment, which has a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom and partial positive charges on the hydrogen atoms.
Ammonia is also a polar molecule, which implies that it too has a net dipole moment. Once again, the hydrogen atoms bonded to the central nitrogen atom will have partial positive charges and the nitrogen will have a partial negative charge.
So, when ammonia is placed in water, the partial positive hydrogens will be attracted to water's partial negative oxygen, and the partial positive hydrogens of the water molecule will be attracted to ammonia's partial negative nitrogen.
This particular interaction allows water and ammonia to form. More specifically, the lone pair of electrons present on the nitrogen will be attracted to one of water's partial positive hydrogen atoms.
So, as a conclusion, ammonia is hydrophilic, or water loving, because it is a.
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Catholic Dictionary
The acceptance of the word of another, trusting that one knows what the other is saying and is honest in telling the truth. The basic motive of all faith is the authority (or right to be believed) of someone who is speaking. This authority is an adequate knowledge of what he or she is talking about, and integrity in not wanting to deceive. It is called divine faith when the one believed is God, and human faith when the persons believed are human beings. (Etym. Latin fides, belief; habit of faith; object of faith.)


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Sydney : Bilirubin, a pigment found in bile, boosts the presence of antioxidants in the blood which could help stave off cancer and cardiovascular disease, potentially opening the way for a new drug and dietary or lifestyle methods of preventing them.
Bile is a fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, whose function was simply thought to aid in the digestion process.
But the latest breakthrough regarding bilirubin raises hopes in the fight against cancer and cardiovascular disease.
Andrew Bulmer from the Griffith Health Institute with colleagues from the University of Vienna and the Heart Research Institute, Sydney, made the breakthrough, the journal Free Radical Biology and Medicine reports.
Bulmer and his team conducted a study with 44 participants, half of whom had Gilbert Syndrome. People with this syndrome show naturally elevated levels of bilirubin and also higher concentrations of antioxidants, which can protect against disease, according to a Griffith statement.
"Analysis of blood revealed that those study participants with Gilbert Syndrome had less free radical damage and consistently showed higher levels of antioxidants in their blood," said Bulmer.
"Naturally elevated bilirubin concentrations are clearly protecting persons with Gilbert Syndrome from processes implicated in disease initiation and progression," said Bulmer.
"These findings reveal future potential for new drug, dietary and lifestyle interventions which could be used to mildly increase the concentration of bilirubin in people at risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease."
By chance, Bulmer also discovered that bilirubin potentially reduces cholesterol levels and that this could have an additional impact on preventing cardiovascular disease.


Glycosylation Patterns Attacked by CT Discussion Paper
CHEM 5620 Protein Chemistry
Assignment 06
This assignment is about these things: Cholera (caused by Vibrio cholera)
Diarrhea (caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli)
Whooping cough (caused by Bordetella pertussis)
Dysentery (caused by Shigella dysenteriae)
Typhoid fever (caused by Salmonella typhi)
Diphtheria (caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae)
 1. Use the papers made available on Canvas as a starting point to comment on how the cholera toxin (CT) is connected to each of the following aspects of protein chemistry. What I'm looking for here is a demonstration that you can read about new proteins and discuss how each of these things might apply. A good way to approach this is to first define each of the items, then describe how it relates to cholera toxin.
 1. KDEL sequence
 1. PDI (specifically in the CT lifecycle)
 1. Glycosylation patterns on the surface of cells attacked by CT
 1. Secretion of the toxin from V. cholerae (how does it get out)
 1. Endocytosis into target cells (how does it get in)
 1. The Sec61 channel and ERAD
 1. 2° and 3° similarity between CT and other toxin protein
 1. Use both text and Richardson diagrams to do the following:
 1. Describe the domain arrangement of the typhoid holotoxin.
 1. Describe the molecular basis for why typhoid infects humans but not chimpanzees.
 1. Explain what CRM197 is and why is it useful. The more detailed your answer about what it is (sequence, structure, function, etc.), the easier it will be to explain why it is useful. Searching in Pubmed is a great way to get started on this question,
Order a unique copy of this paper
(550 words)
Approximate price: $22


two.
Shifted[edit]
The shifted Geometric Distribution refers to the probability of the number of times needed to do something until getting a desired result. For example:
 - How many times will I throw a coin until it lands on heads?
 - How many children will I have until I get a girl?
 - How many cards will I draw from a pack until I get a Joker?
Just like the Bernoulli Distribution, the Geometric distribution has one controlling parameter: The probability of success in any independent test.
If a random variable X is distributed with a Geometric Distribution with a parameter p we write its probability mass function as:
P\left( X=i \right) =p\left( 1-p\right)^{i-1}
With a Geometric Distribution it is also pretty easy to calculate the probability of a "more than n times" case. The probability of failing to achieve the wanted result is \left( 1-p\right)^k.
Example: a student comes home from a party in the forest, in which interesting substances were consumed. The student is trying to find the key to his front door, out of a keychain with 10 different keys. What is the probability of the student succeeding in finding the right key in the 4th attempt?
P\left( X=4 \right) =\frac{1}{10}\left( 1-\frac{1}{10}\right)^{4-1}=\frac{1}{10}\left( \frac{9}{10}\right)^{3}=0.0729
Unshifted[edit]
The probability mass function is defined as:
f(x) = p(1-p)^x \, for x \in \{0, 1, 2, \}
Mean[edit]
\operatorname{E}[X] = \sum_i f(x_i) x_i = \sum_0^{\infin} p(1-p)^x x
Let q=1-p
\operatorname{E}[X] = \sum_0^{\infin}(1-q) q^x x
\operatorname{E}[X] = \sum_0^{\infin}(1-q)q q^{x-1} x
\operatorname{E}[X] = (1-q)q\sum_0^{\infin} q^{x-1} x
\operatorname{E}[X] = (1-q)q\sum_0^{\infin} \frac{d}{dq}q^x
We can now interchange the derivative and the sum.
\operatorname{E}[X] = (1-q)q\frac{d}{dq}\sum_0^{\infin} q^x
\operatorname{E}[X] = (1-q)q\frac{d}{dq}{1 \over 1-q}
\operatorname{E}[X] = (1-q)q{1 \over (1-q)^2}
\operatorname{E}[X] = q{1 \over (1-q)}
\operatorname{E}[X] = {(1-p) \over p}
Variance[edit]
We derive the variance using the following formula:
\operatorname{Var}[X] = \operatorname{E}[X^2] - (\operatorname{E}[X])^2
We have already calculated E[X] above, so now we will calculate E[X2] and then return to this variance formula:
\operatorname{E}[X^2] = \sum_i f(x_i) \cdot x^2
\operatorname{E}[X^2] = \sum_0^{\infin} p(1-p)^x x^2
Let q=1-p
\operatorname{E}[X^2] = \sum_0^{\infin} (1-q)q^x x^2
We now manipulate x2 so that we get forms that are easy to handle by the technique used when deriving the mean.
\operatorname{E}[X^2] = (1-q)\sum_0^{\infin} q^x [(x^2-x)+x]
\operatorname{E}[X^2] = (1-q)\left[\sum_0^{\infin} q^x (x^2-x)+\sum_0^{\infin}q^x x\right]
\operatorname{E}[X^2] = (1-q)\left[q^2\sum_0^{\infin} q^{x-2} x(x-1)+q\sum_0^{\infin}q^{x-1} x\right]
\operatorname{E}[X^2] = (1-q)q\left[q\sum_0^{\infin} \frac{d^2}{(dq)^2}q^x+\sum_0^{\infin}\frac{d}{dq}q^x\right]
\operatorname{E}[X^2] = (1-q)q\left[q\frac{d^2}{(dq)^2}\sum_0^{\infin} q^x+\frac{d}{dq}\sum_0^{\infin}q^x\right]
\operatorname{E}[X^2] = (1-q)q\left[q\frac{d^2}{(dq)^2}{1 \over 1-q}+\frac{d}{dq}{1 \over 1-q}\right]
\operatorname{E}[X^2] = (1-q)q\left[q{2 \over (1-q)^3}+{1 \over (1-q)^2}\right]
\operatorname{E}[X^2] = {2q^2 \over (1-q)^2}+{q \over (1-q)}
\operatorname{E}[X^2] = {2q^2 +q(1-q) \over (1-q)^2}
\operatorname{E}[X^2] = {q(q+1) \over (1-q)^2}
\operatorname{E}[X^2] = {(1-p)(2-p) \over p^2}
We then return to the variance formula
\operatorname{Var}[X] = \left[{(1-p)(2-p) \over p^2}\right] - \left({1-p \over p}\right)^2
\operatorname{Var}[X] = {(1-p) \over p^2}
External links[edit]
Negative Binomial Distribution[edit]
Just as the Bernoulli and the Binomial distribution are related in counting the number of successes in 1 or more trials, the Geometric and the Negative Binomial distribution are related in the number of trials needed to get 1 or more successes.
The Negative Binomial distribution refers to the probability of the number of times needed to do something until achieving a fixed number of desired results. For example:
 - How many times will I throw a coin until it lands on heads for the 10th time?
 - How many children will I have when I get my third daughter?
 - How many cards will I have to draw from a pack until I get the second Joker?
Just like the Binomial Distribution, the Negative Binomial distribution has two controlling parameters: the probability of success p in any independent test and the desired number of successes m. If a random variable X has Negative Binomial distribution with parameters p and m, its probability mass function is:
P(X=n) = {n-1 \choose m-1} p^m (1-p)^{n-m} \mbox{, for } n \ge m.
Example[edit]
A travelling salesman goes home if he has sold 3 encyclopedias that day. Some days he sells them quickly. Other days he's out till late in the evening. If on the average he sells an encyclopedia at one out of ten houses he approaches, what is the probability of returning home after having visited only 10 houses?
Answer:
The number of trials X is Negative Binomial distributed with parameters p=0.1 and m=3, hence:
P(X=10) = {9 \choose 2} 0.1^3 0.9^7 = 0._PHONE_.
Mean[edit]
The mean can be derived as follows.
\operatorname{E}[X] = \sum_i f(x_i) \cdot x_i = \sum_{x=0}^\infin {x+r-1 \choose r-1} p


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Curriculum Resource Center
The Teacher Curriculum Center (TCC), located in the basement of Twilight Hall, Room B-12, is a facility open to teacher education students, liberal arts students, and K-12 teachers and administrators. Access privileges can be obtained by contacting the Director of Education Studies, Gregg Humphrey.
The resources in the Teacher Curriculum Center have been acquired through generous support from Middlebury College, Middlebury College Education Studies, the Middlebury College Library, Goals 2000 grants, and the Addison Central Supervisory Union.
The Teacher Curriculum Center contains books, videos, journals, and other resource materials on state and national standards, teacher education, educational reform and leadership, assessment, multicultural education, curriculum and instruction, language and literacy education, special education, educational foundations, philosophy, educational psychology, and educational technology.
The TCC also contains teacher guides, professional development videos, science and mathematics kits and materials, and art education supplies. The TCC maintains two networked computers, two printers (Epson Stylus Color 777, networked HP LaserJet 4050N), and two scanners.


Die Heuning Pot Literature Guide
Cite This Page
To Go
Horton Hears a Who!
Horton Hears a Who!
by Dr. Seuss
The Clover
Symbolism, Imagery, Allegory
Right of the bat in Horton Hears a Who!, Horton starts hearing voices coming from a speck of dust. He's flabbergasted at first (how could a whole town fit on that little speck?!) but soon comes to accept them for how they are. Of course, the other animals in the Jungle of Nool have a harder time accepting that there are folks out there who could live in a different place and in a different way than they do.
Also, come on. People hearing voices? Isn't there a name for that sort of thing?
In any case, we can think about this speck (and Who-ville as a whole) through the lens of both historical allegories.
 - During World War II, the Japanese were considered the enemy, to the point that many Japanese-Americans ended up in internment camps. Just like the jungle animals don't consider the Whos to be people (namely because they don't think they exist), Americans treated the Japanese like second-class citizens—and then some.
 - During the Cold War, the enemy—communists—couldn't really be seen since they were literally thousands of miles away. But that didn't stop Americans from freaking out about them. In fact, maybe they were even more feared because they couldn't be seen and understood.
Even without the historical lens, the tiny clover serves as an important reminder: not everything is done—or seen—the same way for everyone. And our buddy Horton definitely gets it.
Next Page: Jo-Jo's Voice
Previous Page: Quotes
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The Google Now feature available for Android users. Google Now has a predefined dictionary of words and commands that it would understand or process.
Sometimes users may need to define a new action or command for Google Now that they can use for some particular task.
The thing that you have to do before going through the method is that you have to launch Google Now on your device and then Allow the AutoVoice feature to listen to the Google Now commands.
Steps to Add Custom Voice Commands to Google Now
AutoVoice is integrated with Google Now and searches for the voice input command that matches the Tasker profile you have set up.
To allow AutoVoice, go to the phone settings on your device and then tap the 'Accessibility' option. Next, tap the 'AutoVoice Google Now Integration' option. After that, tap on the toggle at the top of the screen and then select 'OK' from the pop-up that appears.
Now the real thing comes up. These are the steps that you have to follow to make custom Google Now commands:
1. First of all, open the Tasker on your device and then tap on the '+' sign at the bottom of the screen that appears.
3. You must select the 'Command filter' option and speak with your custom command for the selected Event. You can also select the 'Speak Filter' option and then say up the command loud. This will help Google recognize the command correctly.
5. After the above step, you will be prompted by the Tasker, which will show you the list of tasks you can select and apply to your command.
That's all. You have successfully made your new command.
So that is all about how you can easily make up the custom commands on Google Now. You have to follow up the simple instructions in this article, and you shall end up with your new command. Remember that your commands should be spoken loud at the time of creation as this will not create trouble afterward, and the Google will recognize the command easily.


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It's hard to imagine what Shakespeare could have meant when he wrote that "something is rotten in the state of Denmark." It's, quite literally, the happiest nation in the world! Pioneers of contemporary culture, cutting-edge design, and creators of "hygge" – The Danes have the art of living figured out. There's one more thing, too. Fishing in Denmark is a seriously big deal.
Although it's the smallest country among its Scandinavian neighbors, the fishing industry in Denmark is huge. Employing over 20,000 people, it's the fifth-largest exporter of fish and fish products worldwide. This is great news for recreational anglers, too!
Denmark is surrounded by water, meaning there's no shortage of places to cast a line. There's the North Sea to the west and the brackish Baltic Sea to the east, both teeming with a cast of unique fish. Inland, you'll find plenty of rivers and lakes, equally abundant with delicious specimens.
Wherever you set foot, you'll find a fishing honey hole nearby! We'll tell you everything you need to know about what to catch, where to go, and how to make it happen in this guide to fishing in Denmark.
Fishing the Jutland Peninsula
The Jutland peninsula boasts hundreds of miles of shoreline and plenty of inland rivers and lakes that are focal areas for Danish anglers. Comprising several different regions, you'll decide where to go depending on your preferred targets and fishing methods. We'll start our journey by deep sea fishing in the north, before making our way down to freshwater rivers and lakes.
Deep Sea Fishing in North Jutland
If you want to experience authentic Denmark, North Jutland is the place to go. Much like the remainder of the country, the terrain is low-lying, but the vastness of the sky is even more expansive as you reach towards the northern ends of the Earth. Ever-changing nature, breathtaking fjords, and the best deep sea fishing in Denmark make this an unmissable location!
If you came for big game fish, then the Yellow Reef is your go-to destination. Referred to as "Det Gule Rev" in Danish, it comprises an area that's 150 kilometers long and 20 kilometers wide. You'll board a charter boat at Hanstholm or Hirtshals and travel 30–40 miles into the North Sea to get there, and once you do, the places to deep drop become endless.
The stars of the show here are definitely monster Cod and Lingcod and you're looking at hooking into considerably larger specimens than those found in the Baltic Sea. Gear up with a 9–22 kg rod and some heavy weights to pull these beasts onto the boat. If you're looking for a tamer experience, go after Atlantic Mackerel, Pollock, or a variety of Flatfish to take home for dinner.
River Fishing on the Jutland Peninsula
Although it's surrounded by saltwater on all sides, the river fishing on offer in Jutland is pretty spectacular too! Fly fishermen will tell you that casting here may not be as easy, but it's certainly rewarding. There are rivers strewn throughout the Jutland Peninsula, however, some of the most notable ones lie near the famous floodplains of Western Jutland.
For the best Atlantic Salmon fishing in Denmark, head to the Skjern River. The season typically opens in mid-April and draws in thousands of anglers who fly fish or spin from the riverbanks. Make sure you gear up with appropriate tackle, as the Salmon here are big and strong. They come in at an average weight of 6 kilograms and it's highly recommended that novices head out with an experienced guide.
If you'd prefer to get your hands on some Sea Trout, you're in luck. Most of the rivers and streams in Western Jutland hold a big stock. The Omme, a tributary of the Skjern River, has a healthy population of these fish, as well as Grayling and the occasional Salmon. Most anglers tend to cast from the riverbeds of this meandering stream. However, float trips are an option too.
Fishing the Lake District
Likely the least discovered part of the Jutland Peninsula, the Lake District is seriously dreamy. You won't find the striking fjords or rugged coastline of North Jutland here, but the trade-off isn't a bad one. This area in the central part of Jutland is home to a whopping 74 lakes as well as Denmark's longest river, the Gudenå.
As you would expect, this environment creates some excellent angling opportunities! Head to the Skanderborg Lakes and you'll find the best Zander fishing in Denmark. Hooking into 1–5 kg fish is guaranteed and if you're lucky, you may even hook into a 10–12 kg trophy. That's not all there is on offer, either. The lakes are home to even more gamey and delicious fish including Pike, Sea Trout, Burbot, and Eel.
Head slightly east and you'll hit one of the most productive points on the Gudenå River. The stretch between Langå's two railway bridges is where Sea Trout come to spawn every year. These coastal fish aren't migratory so they stay close by, making for great year-round angling. You may also come across some Salmon here, depending on seasonality.
Urban Angling in Copenhagen
Sitting on Zealand, the largest and most populated island in Denmark, Copenhagen faces the Øresund. Commonly called "the Sound," this brackish body of water is home to a variety of delicious fish. But saltwater fishing isn't all there is to Copenhagen. You'll also find plenty of freshwater lakes, teeming with game fish, on the outskirts of the city.
Fishing in Copenhagen Harbor
One of the easiest ways to get out on the water is to head into Copenhagen Harbor. It's among the biggest ports in the Baltic Sea and great efforts have been taken to make it a healthy ecosystem for marine life, too. Although the water is now cleaner than it's ever been, consuming bottom-feeders, including Flounder, Herring, and Eel, isn't recommended.
But let's move onto the fish you absolutely should eat! Cod fishing in the northern and central parts of Copenhagen Harbor has been on fire since 2015. The waters here get deep relatively close to shore and in the spring and fall, you'll easily go home with a few fish for dinner. If you're here in the late summer, you won't go home empty-handed either – the Mackerel bite doesn't get much better anywhere else.
If you came for the Sea Trout, head to Sluseholmen. Trout weighing over 5 kilograms are the norm in this angling hotspot year after year, so be sure to bring your heavy lures. Anglers tend to walk out to the stone island on the water and set up there, but chartering a boat is also an option. Keep in mind that the current can get quite strong here. If you're a beginner, enlisting the help of a guide is a good idea.
Freshwater Fishing in Copenhagen
If you're hoping to get away from the hustle and bustle of the city, a trip to the lakes on the outskirts of Copenhagen might be the perfect thing for you. You'll still get plenty of action from hard fighting freshwater fish, as well as the opportunity to experience a different side of the Danish capital.
For monster Pike and Perch, head to Damhus Lake. It was man-made during the Middle Ages and is located just 15 minutes from central Copenhagen by car. The shore fishing season lasts from the beginning of May through February and is allowed in a few designated areas. Gear up with your best lures, since fishing with live bait is forbidden here.
Although you can't fish here during most of the year, we had to give them a mention. The Lakes are by far Copenhagen's most recognizable bodies of freshwater. Consisting of 3 rectangular pods, they curve around the western margins of the city and are home to 12–14 kg monster Pike! They're only open for fishing for a few days every year and if you're lucky enough to be in town, don't miss out on the chance to cast your line here.
And Let's Not Forget about the Rest of Zealand…
Like we mentioned earlier, Zealand is Denmark's largest island and Copenhagen is far from the only notable fishing hotspot here. On the Northern tip of Zealand, you'll come across Ise fjord, which is home to some of the best coastal Trout fishing in the country. If you'd rather freshwater fish for Pike, Perch, and Zander, there's that too. Check out Sorø Lake, Tuel Lake, and Tystrup-Bavelse Lake.
Head to West Zealand, and you'll have the opportunity to fish the Great Belt. Located on the opposite side of the Sound, this fraction of the Baltic Sea is home to Cod, Sea Trout, Mullet, and a variety of Flatfish. Finally, the marshes and lakes in Southern Zealand include the famous Maribo Lakes and Nakskov fjord. These areas are packed with Whitefish, Pike, Zander, and Perch.
Fishing on Funen and Bornholm Islands
Last, but certainly not least, we'll explore the fishing opportunities on Funen and Bornholm Islands. Both located on the Baltic Sea, each has its own charms, but they're equally famous for incredible coastal fishing.
Fishing for Sea Trout around Funen
Anglers from all over


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The Greenhouse Gas Action Plan's first progress report (PDF 1.4MB) to government has been published, highlighting the important work that the industry has been carrying out to work towards its emission reduction target of three million tonnes of CO2 equivalents by the year 2020. An executive summary (PDF 117KB) is also available. In welcoming publication of the report, Jim Paice, Minister of State for Agriculture and Food, said "The Greenhouse Gas Action Plan has put the agricultural sector on a path to meeting its goal to reduce emissions. The action plan can help promote the kind of measures that farmers can take to produce more, improve their competitiveness, and reduce their emissions. The farming industry now needs to build on this progress and continue to show leadership in the run-up to the Rio+20 Earth Summit and beyond."
Be the first to hear about the latest organic and agroecological research and get tips to improve your success with organic farming and land management with the ORC e-bulletin. Delivered to your inbox monthly.


Help Calculus Problem
Calculus
Tutor: None Selected Time limit: 1 Day
Under certain conditions, the number of cancer cells N(t) at time( t) increases at a rate of N'(t) =50e^kt . Suppose that at 5 days, the number of cells is growing at a rate of 150 cells per day. Determine a number of cells after 12 days if there were 100 cells initially.
Jul 22nd, 2015
Thank you for the opportunity to help you with your question!
dN/dt = 50 e^kt
N = 50/k e^kt +c
at t = 5 N' = 50 e^5k = 150
e^5k = 3
k = 1/5*ln3
N = 50/k e^kt +c = 250/ln3 *3^(t/5)+c
t =0 N= 100
100 = 250/ln3 +c
c = 100-250/ln3
N = 250/ln3(3^(t/5)-1)+100
t=12
N = 250/ln3*(3^2.4-1)+100 = 3951

Please let me know if you need any clarification. I'm always happy to answer your questions.
Jul 22nd, 2015
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Draw backwards text in C#
This example draws backwards text in a PictureBox. You could use similar techniques to draw backward text on a form, printout, bitmap file, or other drawing surface.
When the program starts, the following code executes. It draws the text into a Bitmap and then displays the Bitmap in the PictureBox.
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
 Bitmap bm = new Bitmap(280, 100);
 using (Graphics gr = Graphics.FromImage(bm))
 gr.TextRenderingHint =
 gr.ScaleTransform(-1, 1);
 using (Font the_font = new Font("Comic Sans MS", 40))
 gr.DrawString("Backward", the_font, Brushes.Black, -280, 0);
 picBackward.Image = bm;
The code first makes a Bitmap big enough to hold the text. It then creates a Graphics object associated with the Bitmap.
Next the program sets the Graphic object's TextRenderingHint property. The value AntiAliasGridFit makes drawn text come out smoothly anti-aliased so it doesn't have jagged edges.
The program then applies a scale transform to the Graphics object that scales all graphics by a factor of -1 horizontally, making the result appear backward.
The program then creates a Font and calls the Graphics object's DrawString method to draw the text. The code starts the text at position (-280, 0). The scale transform reverses the X coordinates of the text so the word "Backward" actually starts at position (280, 0) and draws to the left instead of to the right.
The program finishes by displaying the Bitmap in the PictureBox.
Tip: To make the PictureBox display the Bitmap at its full size, I set the its SizeMode property to AutoSize at design time.
This entry was posted in fonts, graphics, strings and tagged,,,,,,,,,,. Bookmark the permalink.
1 Response to Draw backwards text in C#
 1. Jason says:
 i googled for such code and yours was the first i got, Thanx very much!
Leave a Reply


Come tour history with Ted and Mona, your trusty guides to fun and fact-based history for elementary students! In over 300 full-color pages, they will be touring early modern history from 1760 to 1850 all around the world! This is the second volume in our Early Modern History level.
In 36 chapters, Ted and Mona continue to explore early modern history from the reign of Catherine the Great to the Revolutions of 1848. Along the way, they will see our modern world take shape. They make stops around the globe in places like the Kingdom of Hawaii, colonial Australia, the United States, the Empire of Haiti, Napoleonic Europe, Gran Colombia, the Republic of Mexico, the Zulu Empire, Afghanistan, Victorian Britain, and more.
Along the way, Ted and Mona will see one revolution after another, the struggle to end slavery, the rise of factories and industrialization, and the fight to create fair and just governments. They will discuss major historical figures like King Kamehameha, Thomas Jefferson, Hongi Hika, Marie Antoinette, Maximilien Robespierre, Toussaint Louverture, Sacagawea, Mary Wollstonecraft, Napoleon Bonaparte, Simon Bolivar, Miguel Hidalgo, Shaka Zulu, Usman dan Fodio, Queen Victoria, Sojourner Truth, and more!
The back-and-forth dialogue between Ted and Mona keeps this book fun and engaging and provides opportunities for students to read along. Their dialogue is modeled after the classical teaching style and encourages deep thinking and probing questions.
In 22 Culture Corners, Arthur and Lily highlight major writers, artists, thinkers, and art styles including Voltaire, Phillis Wheatley, Jacques-Louis David, Mary Shelley, Moses Mendelssohn, Martín Tovar y Tovar, Sequoya, Edgar Allan Poe, and so much more!
Are you ready to discover early modern history?
To see the full table of contents or read sample chapters, please visit our Snapshots of Early Modern History page.
This product is a print-on-demand book. Please allow 5-10 days for printing in addition to standard shipping time.
Softcover: Snapshots of Early Modern History Vol. 2


". Almost never need to use that, but it is pretty straightforward and easy to understand. The SingletonObject.type refers to a synthetically generated class name for the singleton object, which has dollar signs in its name in bytecodes.
- variance: As I mentioned earlier, I found nonvariance and contravariance quite intuitive, but contravariance to be counterintuitive. That latter one took a bit of study, but with a bit of study it made sense. It wasn't that difficult. Variance also includes the concept of upper and lower bounds, which made sense to me. I found the concept of upper and lower bounds easy, but I still have trouble remembering which symbol goes to which: >: means lower bounds; <: means upper bounds. Maybe a good mnemonic is that the one that looks like a smiley face is on uppers.
- view bounds: I did find implicit parameters a bit mysterious at first, but once it I saw good examples of its use I realized what it was for and found it quite sensible. View bounds is a shorthand for a very powerful use of implicit parameters. Its symbol is <%. So it looks like upper bounds except with a percent sign instead of a colon. It is similar conceptually to upper bounds too, except instead of a requirement that something is a subtype, it means something must be implicitly convertible to a type. I think this one can be tricky to learn and understand, so we worked hard on the example in the book to make it as easy to learn as possible. I have used it in ScalaTest and it was very helpful at making the library easier to use.
- existential types: this one's in there primarily for compatibility with Java. Even though one of the things it's supposed to do is enable expression of wildcard types, I found it pretty easy to understand. An existential type says that a type exists, but I don't know exactly what it is. I may know something about it, such that it is a subtype of some other type, and the way that is written is pretty readable. As I mentioned before, what I've found difficult is knowing how to write the Scala existential type that maps to particular a Java wildcard types. There's a shorthand for existential types that involves underscores, but I also found this pretty intuitive. The underscore is Scala is used for a number of different things, but generally stands for something that's left out. In this case, it's a type that's left out, and I found it quite easy to read.
- structural types: this one was also quite easy for me to understand. It is basically compile-time checked duck typing. The syntax is pretty obvious too. I've used it in ScalaTest, and it helped make the API much easier to write and use. Sometimes duck typing is exactly what's needed.
- higher-kinded types: I've never used it to my knowledge. It's syntax is so natural, though, that I may have used it without realizing that's what I was using. This one is not covered in the book. Martin is planning to reimplement Scala's collections library using higher-kinded types for the next release, and says it will eliminate code duplication in the collections library implementation.
- path-dependent types: this one I found a bit mysterious at first. I'm still not sure I appreciate fully its potential uses, but the mechanics of it is quite straightforward. A "path" is some way to get to an object at runtime, and the type at the end is a type defined inside that object's class. So a path dependent type to an inner class instance would be a different type for each different outer class. One place it is used in Scala is in the Enumeration library class.
- abstract types: Scala classes can have type members as well as field and method members, and like fields and methods, they can be abstract. This actually all made sense to me, and seemed quite consistent. What is still not clear to me is how to explain when to use type parameters versus abstract type members. (The book is fairly silent on that subject.) There's some overlap between them, but there are differences also. One difference is you can't use variance with abstract types, just with type parameters. With more experience designing libraries I expect I'll discover more insights, but for now I generally reach first for type parameters.
- type inference: This was also quite easy. The compile will generally infer types where you think it can infer types. On rare occasions you may get a compiler error that clearly says it can't infer the type, and you just fill it in.
That's all I can think of that could be called "Scala's type system". As you can see there are a lot of pieces to it. But with a few exceptions I found most of the pieces to be quite easy to learn and understand. So the challenge in learning it is probably more in how many different pieces there are to learn than in the difficulty of the individual pieces themselves.
Jesper Nordenberg
Posts: 29
Nickname: megagurka
Registered: Dec, 2007
Re: The Myth Makers 1: Scala's "Type Types" Posted: Dec 19, 2008 3:57 AM
Reply to this message Reply
Bill, I agree that the Scala type system is quite intuitive and logical. The weak spot IMO is the type inference algorithm, which sometimes will bite you and infer some weird type. At times it's also not as powerful as you would like it to be (for example when using implicit parameters). Compared to a functional language like Haskell the Scala type inference more unpredictable and less powerful, which probably is a consequence of subtyping.
Kaustuv Chaudhuri
Posts: 2
Nickname: kaustuv
Registered: Dec, 2008
Re: The Myth Makers 1: Scala's "Type Types" Posted: Dec 19, 2008 5:52 AM
Reply to this message Reply
> As you can see there are a lot of pieces to it. But with a few exceptions I found most of the pieces to be quite easy to learn and understand. So the challenge in learning it is probably more in how many different pieces there are to learn than in the difficulty of the individual pieces themselves.
I don't doubt that the Scala type system is easy to learn and understand for day to day programming.
My earlier comment was pointing out that a type system with a lot of pieces is more likely to have unforseen cracks or treacherous corners. As James Iry quotes from Pierce above, a type system (or, more precisely, a typing derivation) is to be seen as a proof of the absence of runtime errors. A type system had therefore better be sound, by which I mean that there is a formal and machine-checked proof of its soundness, not merely the lack of known counterexamples. (I use "sound" here informally in the sense of type preservation + progress.)
Given the state of the art of such proofs for real languages, such as the Twelf-checked proof of the soundness of the Harper-Stone semantics for a substantial fragment of Standard ML, I am optimistic that a similar process can be successfully applied for Scala. It would still be a remarkable accomplishment given how much more complex the Scala type system is than Standard ML's.
More on topic, I find the most reprehensible statement in Steve Yegge's rant to be the following mischaracterization of the need for statically checked type systems:
> "Well, dynamic languages, you know, suck, because they don't have static types."
He should have had said, instead:
> "Well, dynamic languages, you know, suck, because they don't have static reasoning."
James Iry
Posts: 85
Nickname: jiry
Registered: Nov, 2007
Re: The Myth Makers 1: Scala's "Type Types" Posted: Dec 19, 2008 11:54 AM
Reply to this message Reply
> a type system (or, more precisely, a typing derivation) is to be seen as a proof of the absence of runtime errors.
A typing derivative is a proof of the absence of CERTAIN runtime errors. It's an important distinction. Without that qualifier it sounds like static typing proponents think that static typing will catch everything.
> A type system had therefore better be sound, by which I mean that there is a formal and machine-checked proof of its soundness,
Work is ongoing on formalized semantics. The first paper on the subject was A Core Calculus for Scala Typing _URL_ . It's by no means a complete treatment, but it shows that the LAMP guys share your desire.
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text:
Creating Sustainable Solutions in Central America
RISD students have been traveling to Earth U's La Flor campus in Costa Rica to explore sustainable solutions to global problems.
For many children who grow up in developing countries in Central America, their classrooms are little more than cement buildings. Indoor plumbing doesn't exist, clean drinking water is scarce during the dry season and on sunny days, schoolhouses can turn into sweltering sweatboxes due to poor ventilation. Given these conditions, it's common for students to become distracted – even dizzy – while attempting to concentrate.
To help tackle this ongoing problem, RISD students enrolled in the interdisciplinary Innovation Studio: A High-Tech, Low-Tech School, a studio that's offered by the Industrial Design and Landscape Architecture departments, have developed a prototype off-the-grid schoolhouse for rural Costa Rica in collaboration with Earth University – the world's foremost research institute for sustainable agriculture. Since 2008 RISD students have been traveling to Earth U's La Flor campus in Costa Rica's Guanacaste Province to explore sustainable solutions to complex global problems such as poverty, food production and waste management.
"As the world becomes more connected, problems that affect human life become more complicated," notes Associate Professor Charlie Cannon, who taught the fall 2012 studio and has been involved in RISD's ongoing collaborations with Earth University. "It was incredibly valuable for students to learn how to develop comprehensive solutions to critical issues. I believe these challenges will truly define the 21st century."
As part of their preliminary research, students were introduced to the local environment through a brief trip to Earth University's tropical campus, which is situated in the midst of a banana plantation. During their visit in October, they started work on theoretical projects for potential incorporation into the prototype design. Students explored eco-progressive concepts for rooftop gardens, tree latrines and clever plumbing configurations, among other ideas hatched in the design studio.
Mickey Rockafellar MLA 13 quickly focused on the issue of water. "There isn't a problem with water availability during the rainy season," he explains. "But it becomes scarce during the dry months." So, after returning to RISD, the landscape architect designed an ingenious water collection system that makes use of discarded water bottles, which are both cheap and easy to find in Costa Rica. The design also includes a sand filtration system that rids water of bacteria. He envisions that the structure can be attached to a schoolhouse – or any other type of building – in order to provide clean drinking water.
"It's efficient and cost effective," Rockafellar notes. "Plus, community members can easily build this themselves."
This month, during Wintersession, Professor Colgate Searle BLA 71 is leading a small team of adventuresome students who are building a prototype of the schoolhouse in Costa Rica – using a blueprint developed from selected student designs proposed during the fall studio which was funded by the Fund for Sustainable Education. It will be unveiled at an international climate change conference Earth University is hosting in April.
The project is a noble one. According to Searle, the participating students are part of a larger philanthropic effort lead by Earth University that attempts to radically improve academic facilities throughout Costa Rica. The hope, says Searle, is that the prototype will inspire local populations to build their own low-cost schoolhouses to support active learning.
"Students actually have the potential to change a community's standard of living," notes Searle, adding: "Now that's a real reason to design."
Among the key features of the prototype is a roof designed to collect rainwater that will be processed by an on-site filtration system. The rainwater collected will be used for hand washing and to flush indoor toilets. And to make sure students aren't sweating at their desks during the warm months, the building will offer an open ventilation system.
Sturdy materials that are indigenous to the area – including teak and bamboo – are being used for the building's frame and roof. "We want to make sure that the community is able to replicate this building using the resources available to them," Searle explains.
Abigail Foster 13 ID, one of the students helping to build the prototype in Costa Rica, was asked to photograph the process. The materials will then be added to a book she's creating with Rawan Alsaffar MArch 13 that chronicles the students' final projects and offers instruction in sustainable design. The publication will eventually be turned into an online document available to everyone.
"The book is a means of communication," Foster explains. "We want the knowledge we cultivated in the Innovation Studio can be shared with people in many different locations. It's about making connections and then building from there" –Abigail Crocker
tags: academic collaborations
, Industrial Design
, social responsibility


text:
The romanticism and the realism of rural life were both in evidence in a recent study of rural, suburban and urban residents' perceptions of rural America. The study is one of a series to be done on rural America by the W.K. Kellogg Foundation.
The in-depth, qualitative study, conducted in eight diverse regions across the country by Greenberg Quinlan Rosner Research Inc., found that:
Rural life represents traditional American values, but is behind the times.
Rural life is more relaxed and slower than city life, but harder and more grueling.
Rural life is friendly, but intolerant of outsiders and difference.
Rural life is richer in community life, but epitomized by individuals struggling independently to make ends meet.
"Overall we found that respondents hold overwhelmingly positive views of rural life," says Anna Greenberg, vice president of Greenberg Quinlan Rosner.
"But respondents' admiration of rural Americans and romanticization of rural life is tempered by their understanding that rural Americans face serious economic hardships and threats to their way of life," she says.
Lack of financial resources and other opportunities topped respondents' lists of problems facing rural America. The most common response to the question "What problems do you think rural America faces?" was lack of money and poverty (19%), overdevelopment/sprawl (17%), price of crops (14%), droughts/weather (11%) and lack of opportunities (11%). Almost half, 46%, of rural respondents indicated they have considered moving, primarily because of low pay and sparse opportunities for advancement.


text:
Colombian handicraft (Spanish: artesanía colombiana) history can be traced back to the stone age to the lithic instruments in El Abra stadial. Some of the first pottery samples known in Colombia were found in the Neolithic 3 — Pottery Neolithic (PN) Zipacón settlements. The earliest examples of goldwork have been attributed to the Tumaco people of the Pacific coast and date to around 325 BCE. Gold would play a pivotal role in luring the Spanish to the area now called Colombia during the 16th century (See: El Dorado).
Colombian arts and crafts can be categorised into two major divisions:
Ruana garments and pottery ornaments in Ráquira
patina products, puzzle toys, macramé (knot crafts), fique products, leather products, modern silver jewellery gift ware, decorative items, dolls & puppets, bead Crafts, bone & horn pharoducts, natural buttons etc. are some of the modern forms of Colombian handicrafts.
Here you can share your comments or contribute with more information, content, resources or links about this topic.


text:
Multiphase systems (MPS)
|Research Group Leader|
Dr.-Ing. Stefan Guhl
Figures and Facts
First funding period: 11/2009–02/2015
The long term objective of the Research Group "Multiphase Systems" is the development of a consistent and extended database of multiphase systems in order to predict the property changes of materials involved in metallurgical and gasification processes. It includes the development of database for the thermodynamic properties of materials in the temperature range from ambient to 1800 °C and for pressures from 1 to 100 bars. If the experimental data are not available in the literature the properties (heat capacity, melting point, chemical activity) are measured using e.g. calorimetric techniques. Some specific properties of molten slags (encountered in metallurgical and gasification processes) such as the viscosity and surface tension are measured at temperatures up to 1750 °C and modelled. The models developed to predict the physico-chemical properties of the molten slags are based on the thermodynamic properties of these complex mixtures. In addition, a special insight is devoted to the transformation of coals used as feedstock in gasification processes. It includes the analysis of the products evolved under gasification conditions as well as the evolution of the morphology of the coal particles using computer tomography and the changes in mineral matter which form the ash and the slag at elevated temperatures. The data and models developed in the frame of the Research Group "Multiphase Systems" will be coupled with the results gained by the two other groups involved in the Virtuhcon project to model high temperature conversion processes in real conditions.
Die Forschungsaktivitäten werden weitergeführt durch EVT–Abteilung MS


text: A numerical model is developed for the simulation of wave transformations and wave induced nearshore current, that is applicable to irregular bottom topographies. Combined model has two components, a wave propagation model and a wave driven current model. Wave propagation model is based on extended mild slope equation and could simulate wave shoaling, refraction, diffraction and breaking. Linear, harmonic, and irrotational waves are considered. To describe the wave motion, mild slope equation has been decomposed into three equations that are solved in terms of wave height, wave approach angle and wave phase function. Model does not have the limitation that one coordinate should follow the dominant wave direction. Different wave approach angles can be investigated on the same computational grid. Wave driven current model is based on vertically averaged non-linear shallow water equations. In the solution method, partial differential equations are replaced by a set of finite difference equations on a space staggered grid. Model has been applied to Obakoy coastline that is located at the Mediterranean Sea coast of Turkey.


text:
Protein and starch recovery for use as animal feed in a pig holding
At a pig farm the margins are already under considerable pressure since a few years by a combination of low output prices with high feed costs. The pricing of the latter occurs at the level of the world market by a strong dependence on imports of raw materials. In addition at a farm increasingly large quantities of organic waste streams remain unused and left behind on the field. For example harvest residues with various vegetable crops in open air, but also waste streams that arise after washing, sorting, classifying... . To make these protein rich streams digestible for single stomach animals is an appropriate treatment as well as a heat treatment necessary. This temperature increase ensures that protein and starch becomes digestible for bacteria present in the small intestine. For this purpose SME Vermeulen Construct built an installation consisting of a wash drum and hammer mill that cleans and grinds crop residue finely and sends it to a thermal shutter.
This shutter is the heart of the operation and brings the crop residue at the required temperature of 80 to 120 °C. The stream flows through a tube-in-tube medium of which the outer sheath is heated with the focus on energy recovery. After a few hours staying time in a fermentation tank the mixture may be intermingled in the broth feed ration of the pigs.


text:
- What preventative measures can I use to stop my strawberry plants being attacked?
- Why have the stems of my clematis been stripped of their outer layers? Some of the stems are dead and there are holes in the leaves.
It sounds very much like slug damage. Pop down to your greenhouse one night and see whether you can spot them. Pick them off the plants and kill them, use beer traps, or apply a sharp scratchy mulch such as gravel to deter them. If you are not keen on creeping about by torch light then put down some slug pellets. For an organic approach try using Nemaslug.
It sounds like your Clematis is struggling a bit! The damage to the stems and leaves is likely to be caused by snails or slugs at this time of year (May). The easiest way to deal with them is to apply slug pellets around the base of the plant and hand pick them off the leaves and stems at dusk when they are at their most active.
The other common cause of damage to clematis is earwigs which chew ragged holes in the leaves and flowers, although this tends to be a problem later in the summer when the weather is warmer. Earwigs can be collected in small flower pots stuffed with straw. Place them upturned on a garden cane close to the plant. The earwigs like to hide in them during the day, when you can remove the straw and any resident earwigs and dispose of them.
We would also suggest that you prune out any dead stems now, to allow new growth to develop.
Copyright © Thompson & Morgan, 2004-2013. All rights reserved.


Personal Audio SystemSRS-X11
Listening to music wirelessly with two speakers (Speaker add function)
By connecting two SRS-X11 speakers via BLUETOOTH, you can select audio reproduction between stereo mode (stereo sound) and double mode (monaural sound). To use this function, two SRS-X11 speakers are required.
 1. Bring two SRS-X11 speakers within 1 m (3 ft) of each other.
 2. Press the (power) PAIRING button on one of the speakers to turn it on.
 The (BLUETOOTH) indicator of the speaker begins to flash.
 3. Press and hold the ADD button on the speaker where the (power) PAIRING button is pressed in step 2 until you hear beeps.
 The (BLUETOOTH) and L/R indicators flash. A beep will then be heard when the R indicator lights up while the (BLUETOOTH) and L indicators keep flashing.
 4. Once the R indicator of the speaker that is operated in step 3 has been lit, press the (power) PAIRING button on the other speaker to turn on.
 The (BLUETOOTH) indicator of the speaker begins to flash.
 5. Press and hold the ADD button on the speaker where the (power) PAIRING button is pressed in step 4 until you hear beeps.
 The (BLUETOOTH) and L/R indicators flash. The L indicator then lights up while the (BLUETOOTH) and the R indicators turn off.
 Hint
 - In some cases, the L indicator may light up right after the ADD button is pressed and held depending on the condition of the BLUETOOTH connection.
 6. Press the ADD button repeatedly on the speaker where the (BLUETOOTH) indicator is flashing to change audio reproduction between stereo mode and double mode.
 The L/R indicators on both speakers show the status of audio reproduction.
 : Stereo mode (L ch/R ch)
 : Stereo mode (R ch/L ch)
 : Double mode (monaural/monaural)
 7. Operate the speaker where the (BLUETOOTH) indicator is flashing to make a BLUETOOTH connection with a BLUETOOTH device.
 Make a BLUETOOTH connection by one of the following two means:
 - Press and hold the (power) PAIRING button of the speaker where the (BLUETOOTH) indicator flashes in white. Beeps are heard when the speaker enters pairing mode and the (BLUETOOTH) indicator begins to flash quickly. While the speaker is in pairing mode, make the BLUETOOTH connection from the BLUETOOTH device.
 - Move the NFC-compatible device over the N marked part of the speaker where the (BLUETOOTH) indicator is flashing to connect by one-touch (NFC).
 When the (BLUETOOTH) indicator of the speaker stops flashing and lights up, the BLUETOOTH connection is established.
 8. Start playback on the BLUETOOTH device, and adjust the volume to moderate level.
 9. Press the VOL (volume) /+ buttons on one of the speakers to adjust the volume.
 Volume adjustment of one speaker is reflected on the other.
Hint
 - When making or receiving a call, only operate the speaker where the (BLUETOOTH) indicator is lit.
 - If a portable audio device, etc. is connected to the AUDIO IN jack, the speaker automatically switches to AUDIO IN mode, and the speaker add function is terminated.
 - If any other BLUETOOTH device(s), such as a BLUETOOTH mouse or BLUETOOTH keyboard, is connected to the BLUETOOTH device that is connecting with the speaker, there may be distorted sound or noise in the speaker output. In this case, terminate the BLUETOOTH connection between the BLUETOOTH device and other BLUETOOTH device(s).
 - To terminate the speaker add function while in use, press and hold the ADD button.
 - When the speaker, that had been used as the speaker add function the last time, is turned on, the speaker will try to establish the speaker add function with the other speaker that had been connected. If you want to use two SRS-X11 speakers as the speaker add function again, turn the other speaker on within a minute, otherwise the speaker will terminate the automatic connection as the speaker add function.
 - If you want to use the speaker that had been used as one of the speakers of the speaker add function by itself, press the (power) PAIRING button to turn on the speaker, then press and hold the ADD button until a beep is heard to terminate the speaker add function since the speaker tries to establish the last-made connection.
Note
 - If you reset or initialize one of the two speakers while using the speaker add function, make sure to turn off the other speaker. If you do not turn off the other speaker before restarting the speaker add function, there may be problems in making a BLUETOOTH connection and outputting sound.


A Place Called Freedom Quiz | Eight Week Quiz E
Buy the A Place Called Freedom Lesson Plans
Name: _________________________ Period: ___________________
This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapters 26-28.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Why does Jay go to Williamsburg?
(a) To get local news.
(b) To arrange a mortgage.
(c) To buy jewelry.
(d) To sell tobacco.
2. What can Mack tell about Lizzie when he sees her riding her horse?
(a) She has been beaten.
(b) She has never been on a horse before.
(c) She is an expert rider.
(d) She is pregnant.
3. The Jamissons decide to let Mack ________________.
(a) Marry Sara.
(b) Die.
(c) Be tortured.
(d) Escape.
4. In what country does the novel primarily take place?
(a) Ireland.
(b) Austria.
(c) Scotland.
(d) Germany.
5. Why does Lizzie want to call off the wedding to Jay?
(a) She realizes that the man she really loves is Robert.
(b) Jamisson people have been investigating the coal on Hallim land.
(c) She needs more time to think about the marriage.
(d) She found out that Jay has been secretly seeing her best friend.
Short Answer Questions
1. Who is Sir George's wife?
2. Whom does Annie want to marry?
3. What is mined in the local mines?
4. What is Mack's final punishment?
5. What is the name of the horse given to Jay by his father?
(see the answer key)
This section contains 215 words
(approx. 1 page at 300 words per page)
Buy the A Place Called Freedom Lesson Plans
A Place Called Freedom from BookRags. (c)2021 BookRags, Inc. All rights reserved.


Why You Should Take Your Kid to International Schools in Thailand
 - English
 - ภาษาไทย
Every parent wants a quality education for their children, which explains why more students are joining international schools in Thailand. If you are wondering if to follow this trend, read on to discover why need to take your kid to these learning institutions.
Harmony with Diversity
One of the unique qualities of international schools is providing a platform for different cultures to meet and interact. By learning how others from diverse backgrounds live, your kid develops harmony and expands their perspective. This makes them better global citizens when they finish school.
Emphasis on Moral Values
Besides focusing on academics, international schools also strive to make students better leaders for the future. That is why they teach moral values like diligence, discipline, empathy, etc. These are essential for character development and building holistic human beings.
Innovative Programs
Since their objectives is to offer quality education, international schools provide innovative programs that push the beyond normal academic standards. For example, scholars might go hiking to improve mental endurance, physical fitness, resilience, and teamwork.
Experiential Learning
International schools understand that the best way of learning incorporates classwork and experiments. This is why experiential learning is included in their curricula, as it enables students to learn through experience and reflection. Moreover, this approach gives scholars an opportunity to apply their knowledge practically.
Academic Excellence
International schools are renowned worldwide for their academic excellence. Some of the reasons behind their fantastic results are having first-class facilities and smaller class sizes.
When an institution has first-class amenities, it makes it easier for the teacher to transfer their knowledge. This is because there are more reference materials that the student can use to expand their thinking.
Likewise, smaller class sizes make teaching more effective, as the teacher can deal with the unique needs of every scholar.
Additionally, these schools have extracurricular activities that break the monotony of classwork, allowing your kid to be sharper for the next lesson.
For the reasons mentioned above and many others, Map Guide Thailand recommends taking your kids to international schools. This way, your child will be forever grateful to you for shaping their future positively.
To learn more about International Schools in Thailand please KIS.ac.th


to use database change notification?
[edit] Decisions
Issue Description / Notes Decision
1 How to handle secondary tables and relationships? Require usage of optimistic locking, so the primary table is always updated.
2 Oracle DCN was renamed QCN? Change name of listener from OracleDCNListener to OracleChangeNotificationListener.
3 How should a descriptor be configured to use database change notification? New databaseChangeNotificationType on CachePolicy and @Cache.
[edit] Future Considerations
 - Other databases and event mechanisms.
 - Show example the uses triggers and Oracle AQ.


As Validators agree on the latest transaction sets to apply to the ledger when do they know to update the data being stored in the archive nodes?
Is it based on the owner of an archive node listening for quorum from a validating node that it trusts and then updating the history as each transaction set is applied to the latest ledger?
An archiver node is a special kind of node:
when it sees a quorum (based on other basic/full validators on the network), it publishes to an archive.
Publishing is done every 64 ledgers if it's in sync with the network. You can read more about this in the history documentation
Your Answer


text:
Average Temperatures in Palmerston N, New Zealand
- The annual mean temperature in Palmerston N, New Zealand is mild at 13.3 degrees Celsius (55.9 degrees Fahrenheit).
- Average monthly temperatures have a variation of 9.7 °C (17.5°F) which is a very low range.
- The hottest month (February) is somewhat warm having a mean temperature of 18 degrees Celsius (64.4 degrees Fahrenheit).
- July is the coldest month (a little cool) having a mean temperature of 8.3 degrees Celsius (46.94 degrees Fahrenheit).
Average Temperatures Table for Palmerston N
|Average Temperature °C ( °F)
Palmerston N Average Temperatures Chart
The average temperature charts use a fixed scale so that you can easily compare temperatures between two or more locations. Simply line up the charts in separate tabs in your browser and toggle between tabs to visualise the differences. The charts have major grid lines at intervals of 10 °C on the left axis corresponding with intervals of 18 °F on the right axis. Minor gridlines mark intervals of 2.5 °C and 4.5 °F. The charts show the relationship between the Celsius and Fahrenheit measuring scales. Locations in the northern hemisphere run from January to December and in the southern hemisphere from July to June so that the middle of the chart always corresponds with the high sun period (for the hemisphere).
Average Temperatures Nearby Palmerston N


Your D.I.Y. Move Guide to Australia (South African Edition)
Your D.I.Y. Move Guide to Australia (South African Edition)
SKU: 364215375135191
COURIERED safely from Durban, get it quicker when you buy direct!
The book written specifically for South Africans moving to Australia.
This book covers the moving process and migrant culture differences between Australia and South Africa. The chapters provide the reader with professional knowledge, practical hints and valuable information that are applicable to all South Africans who are thinking of immigration and also for those who already took the big step. It will further help the readers to avoid unnecessary and sometimes very costly mistakes.
The motivation for this guide arose from the crazy questions and outdated advice on forums and social media. Saddened by stories of families who have been displaced or are falling apart, and the cries of money wasted and expectations shattered, Robyn and Hendrika had to share their vast and professional knowledge:
- To save you money on this expensive journey.
- To help you and your family prepare for change.
- To give you foresight, both financially and emotionally.
It is filled with practical advice on moving with children and pets, expert tips and advice for the whole family and lots of funny "faux pas" immigrant moments. In short, we have made or seen most of the blunders and we are here to share them with you, for your own benefit, so you can avoid making the same mistakes. A smooth immigration process equals less stress and more positive experiences for the whole family. Between the two authors, Hendrika Jooste and Robyn Vogels, they have a total of 35 years of experience with international relocations. They have both experienced several of their own moves with children and pets across four continents and have helped and supported others with their relocations to Australia for over a decade.The guide provides you with the nuts and bolts of moving, and practical hints and valuable information to help you:
- Plan and budget for the move and the cost of living in Australia.
- Find a suitable home and school.
- Deal with culture shock (the same, but different).
You will find the knowledge you need to make a successful, cost effective transition and create your own success story. Knowledge is power! This guide will save you money and emotional pain!
*Please note: Moving your Sh!t is the original book. The book, Your D.I.Y Move Guide is the same book, just a more mainstream cover. They are twins and have the same content.
 Our books are printed to a high standard, if you do encounter any problem, please contact us at _EMAIL_
 Our stock is held in Durban and the books are COURIERED within South Africa.
 We have limited supply of the books in Australia, we can post with standard delivery post satchel for the same cost.
 All our books are expertly wrapped and couriered for your convenience. Packing and handling is 1-2 working days then up to 7 days with the courier to deliver.
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