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PHAT Workout: Ultimate Power Hypertrophy Guide
Developed by the renowned physique coach and professional powerlifter, Dr. Layne Norton, the Power Hypertrophy Adaptive Training (PHAT) program is a unique blend of powerlifting and bodybuilding techniques. Its primary objective is to enhance muscle size and strength by capitalizing on hypertrophy and progressive overload principles.
Hypertrophy, in simple terms, refers to the enlargement of an organ or tissue from the increase in size of its cells (1, 2, 3, 4). The PHAT regimen meticulously targets each muscle group, alternating between strength-focused exercises and hypertrophy-centric bodybuilding sessions.
For those aspiring to sculpt muscles without adding excessive bulk, the PHAT workout might be your ideal match. Dr. Norton's approach emphasizes a mix of high and low rep counts, ensuring muscle growth while facilitating adequate recovery.
The structure of the PHAT routine spans five days, beginning with two power-centric days, followed by a day of rest. The subsequent three days are dedicated to hypertrophy training, culminating in another day of relaxation.
Layne Norton's PHAT Workout Routine
Weekly Schedule:
 - Day 1: Upper Power Training
 - Day 2: Lower Power Training
 - Day 3: Rest and Recovery
 - Day 4: Hypertrophy Training for Back and Shoulders
 - Day 5: Lower Body Hypertrophy Training
 - Day 6: Hypertrophy Training for Chest and Arms
 - Day 7: Rest and Recovery
Detailed Breakdown:
Day 1 (Monday) – Upper Power Training
 - Bent Over: 3 sets x 4 reps
 - Weighted Pull Up: 2 sets x 8 reps
 - Rack Chin: 2 sets x 8 reps
 - Flat Dumbbell Press: 3 sets x 4 reps
 - Weighted Dip: 2 sets x 8 reps
 - Seated Dumbbell Shoulder Press: 3 sets x 8 reps
 - Cambered Bar Curl: 3 sets x 8 reps
 - Skull Crusher: 3 sets x 8 reps
Day 2 (Tuesday) – Lower Power Training
 - Squat: 3 sets x 4 reps
 - Hack Squat: 2 sets x 8 reps
 - Leg Extension: 2 sets x 8 reps
 - Stiff-Legged Deadlift: 3 sets x 7 reps
 - Glute Ham Raise: 2 sets x 8 reps
 - Standing Calf Raise: 3 sets x 8 reps
 - Seated Calf Raise: 2 sets x 8 reps
Day 3 (Wednesday)
 - Rest and Recovery
Day 4 (Thursday) – Back and Shoulders Hypertrophy
 - Bent Over: 6 sets x 4 reps
 - Rack Chin: 3 sets x 10 reps
 - Seated Cable Row: 3 sets x 10 reps
 - Dumbbell Row: 2 sets x 13 reps
 - Close-Grip Pulldown: 2 sets x 18 reps
 - Seated Dumbbell Press: 3 sets x 10 reps
 - Upright Row: 2 sets x 13 reps
 - Side Lateral Raise (Dumbbell or Cables): 3 sets x 16 reps
Day 5 (Friday) – Lower Body Hypertrophy
 - Squat: 6 sets x 3 reps
 - Hack Squat: 3 sets x 10 reps
 - Leg Press: 2 sets x 14 reps
 - Leg Extension: 3 sets x 18 reps
 - Romanian Deadlift: 3 sets x 10 reps
 - Lying Leg Curl: 2 sets x 14 reps
 - Seated Leg Curl: 3 sets x 18 reps
 - Donkey Calf Raise: 4 sets x 13 reps
 - Seated Calf Raise: 3 sets x 18 reps
Day 6 (Saturday) – Chest and Arms Hypertrophy
 - Flat Dumbbell Press: 6 sets x 3 reps
 - Incline Dumbbell Press: 3 sets x 10 reps
 - Hammer Strength Chest Press: 3 sets x 14 reps
 - Incline Cable Fly: 2 sets x 18 reps
 - Cambered Bar Preacher Curl: 3 sets x 10 reps
 - Dumbbell Concentration Curl: 2 sets x 14 reps
 - Spider Curl (Bracing Upper Body Against an Incline Bench): 2 sets x 18 reps
 - Seated Tricep Extension with Cambered Bar: 3 sets x 10 reps
 - Cable Pressdown with Rope Attachment: 2 sets x 14 reps
 - Cable Kickbacks: 2 sets x 18 reps
Day 7 (Sunday)
 - Rest and Recovery
This routine offers a balanced blend of power and hypertrophy training, ensuring comprehensive muscle development and strength gains.
Workout Notes
PHAT
Power Training
The goal for the first two days is to build power and strength.
This will enable you to work on heavier loads during hypertrophy days.
During PHAT workout's power training days, you'll do compound movements such as squats, deadlifts and box squats.
It is best to maintain the 3-5 rep range for 3-5 working sets.
According to researchers, the best strategy for strength-building is to do a lower rep with higher (5).
If you're a beginner, it's important to take things slow.
The muscles you're working on may not be used to the stress you'll put on them. It is best to start with light weights and do slow movements.
Rest
During power training, it is recommended to take 3 minutes of rest or even longer between sets.
The goal is to be able to move a maximum weight. You can do shorter rest during hypertrophy exercises.
Hypertrophy Training
The aim of the Layne Norton PHAT workout during hypertrophy training days is to induce stress on the muscles.
This will result in improved strength and muscle mass.
This can be done through some speed work or by doing 6-8 sets of 3 reps.
The idea of doing speed work is to move the weight as quickly as possible while maintaining proper form.
Make sure that the weight is not too heavy during hypertrophy training.
The recommended rest between sets is a maximum of 90 seconds.
Failure
It is recommended to use failure on the last 1 or 2 sets of each exercise once you're already accustomed to the routine.
But, it is not advisable to take sets to failure during the first three weeks of PHAT workout.
Doing so will lead to quick burnout.
An option would be to stop 1-2 reps shy of failure.
Once you are used to the routine, you can add failure to your power/accessory movements.
Layne Norton PHAT program recommends avoiding the use of failure for more than six weeks in a row without a break.
Training to failure quite often will result in a decrease in strength, performance and hypertrophic capacity.
Also, it will reduce the volume that your body can endure.
Overtraining Factor
It's normal to feel sore for the first few weeks, but after 4-6 weeks, your body will be used to the increase in frequency.
To help you adapt better to the PHAT workout routine, it is best for you to deload once every 6 to 12 weeks.
This would mean lifting at 60-70% of your normal weights for 1-3 weeks.
This will allow for sustained strength and better recovery.
Some factors to consider when deloading are your age, level of training and how fast your body can recuperate.
Deloading will enable you to push through with your training while giving your joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles a rest from heavy lifting.
PHAT Workout Progression
The key to seeing progress under the PHAT program is progressive overload.
This is done when you increase the overall resistance on the muscle without changing the number of repetitions.
Simply put, to progress, you'll need to work on heavier weights but do lower reps. This will allow you to increase your strength.
Eventually, you'll be able to work on heavier weights with an increased rep.
To make your progress consistent, you can also alternate your power movements every two to three weeks.
If you modify your exercises every week, it will be difficult for you to monitor your progress.
Changing movements every two to three week will give you a sufficient reference point.
You can do assistance exercises for smaller parts of the body such as the hamstrings, shoulders, calves, and arms.
Bear in mind that your muscles will only increase in size when put under stress.
If the stress factor is not increased, your muscles will have no reason to adapt or grow further.
Make sure to list down your changes. It will help you keep track of your PHAT workout progression.
Also, provide enough time for your body to adjust when you apply progressive overload to your training.
Here are some things you can do to ensure positive Layne Norton PHAT results:
 - Set realistic goals of what you want to accomplish in doing the program.
 - Start with low-volume training until you're used to the PHAT workout progression. Choose a weight that will allow you to do 10-12 repetitions. If you're having difficulty with the weight you're currently using, it means it's too heavy for you. Gradually increase the load as your progress through the program.
 - Do the routines with full concentration. Some do the lifts while concentrating on the number of reps. Experts say that concentrating on how your body feels during the workout will allow you to exercise effectively and avoid injuries.
 - The Layne Norton PHAT program requires training in proper form. If you're not sure, ask an expert on how to do a specific correctly. It would be best if you can find a knowledgeable training buddy or if you can hire a trainer. They'll help teach you how to do your routine the right way at least during the start of your training until you get familiar. Otherwise, you can purchase available resource materials such as DVDs or online videos to get


Programme. Manchester Brain Bank also receives Service Support costs from Medical Research Council.
Funding
Manchester Brain Bank receives funding from Alzheimer's Research UK and Alzheimer's Society, through the Brains for Dementia Research (BDR) Programme, and also receives Service Support Costs from Medical Research Council of UK.
Author information
Study concept, design and manuscript preparation (DM, VP), microscopic assessments (DM), technical support and data analysis (AR, YD).
Correspondence to David M. A. Mann.
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The study was approved by Manchester Brain Bank Management Committee (REC reference 09/H0906/52 + 5). Under conditions agreed with the Research Ethics Committee, The Manchester Brain Bank can supply tissue or data to researchers, without requirement for researchers to apply individually to the REC for approval.
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Keywords
 - Alzheimer's disease
 - Down syndrome
 - Amyloid
 - Tau


text:
Sportag is made from Lytag's secondary aggregate, suitable for land drainage applications with its rounded shape and material properties, in addition to a hydraulic conductivity ten times that of natural aggregates. It is particularly suited to golf courses and sports pitches.
Sportag secondary aggregate composition also allows for a 30% moisture retention rate, ensuring a healthier and more consistent facility. The product's 40% void ratio helps aid longevity, improving aeration and allowing roots to penetrate further.
Sportag saves on natural resources, offering greater sustainability and reduced landfill Its round and lightweight nature also means that it is easily handled, flowing easily into position. Lytag lightweight aggregate is made from the fly ash generated by coal fired power stations.
The revolutionary technology transforms the fly ash into small round pellets, which are then heated to 1,100°C. This creates a very hard pellet with a honeycombed internal structure of interconnecting voids within the aggregate, making it structurally robust yet lightweight. The pellets formed are rounded in shape and range in size from 14mm down to fines and can then be used as a superior, consistent, lightweight aggregate that is up to 40% lighter than natural aggregate.
A Nottinghamshire college's recent redevelopment has allowed for new buildings, facilities and opportunities, and Dulux Trade has been involved in the update.Posted in Articles, Building Industry News, Building Products & Structures, Case Studies, Interior Design & Construction, Interiors, Paints, Coatings & Finishes, Posts, Restoration & Refurbishment, Retrofit & Renovation
A combination of Kee Systems' safety products have been installed at the Twinings facility in Andover, to offer a top quality edge protection solution for staff members on the rooftop.Posted in Articles, Building Industry News, Building Services, Health & Safety, Membranes, Plant, Equipment and Hire, Posts, Roof Edge Protection, Roofs, Site Preperation
REHAU will be in Manchester next month to showcase two new products at its third Specifi event.Posted in Articles, Building Industry Events, Building Industry News, Building Services, Drainage, Drainage Services, Exhibitions and Conferences, Heating Systems, Controls and Management, Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning - HVAC, Innovations & New Products, Pipes, Plumbing, Posts
Given it offers low U-values, Senior's PURe® aluminium window system has allowed contractor B&K to make large cost savings on the construction of schools.Posted in Aluminium Products, Articles, Building Industry News, Building Products & Structures, Building Systems, Case Studies, Innovations & New Products, Posts, Retrofit & Renovation, Sustainability & Energy Efficiency, Windows

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
U.S. House Committee on Science
The Committee on Science is a standing committee of the United States House of Representatives. It has jurisdiction over non-defense federal scientific research and development. Specifically, the committee has partial or complete jurisdiction over the following federal agencies: NASA, the Department of Energy, EPA, NSF, FAA, NOAA, NIST, FEMA, the U.S. Fire Administration, and USGS.
History of the House Science Committee
The House Science Committee was created in response to the Soviet Sputnik program in the late 1950's. The committee began on January 3, 1959 as the House Committee on Science and Astronautics. Its name was changed in 1974 to the House Committee on Science and Technology. The name of the committee was changed again in 1987 to the House Committee on Science, Space and Technology. After the Republican Party took over Congress in 1994, the name of the committee was changed again to its current name, the House Committee on Science.
The contents of this article is licensed from _URL_ under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details

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text:
Developing Human-Computer Interface Models and Representation Techniques(Dialogue Management as an Integral Part of Software Engineering)
1987) Developing Human-Computer Interface Models and Representation Techniques(Dialogue Management as an Integral Part of Software Engineering). Technical Report TR-87-22, Computer Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. (
The Dialogue Management Project at Virginia Tech is studying the poorly understood problem of human-computer dialogue development. This problem often leads to low usability in human-computer dialogues. The Dialogue Management Project approaches solutions to low usability in interfaces by addressing human-computer dialogue development as an integral and equal part of the total system development process. This project consists of two rather distinct, but dependent, parts. One is development of concepts for dialogue management, and the other is implementation of a dialogue management system (DMS) to evaluate these concepts. The goal of this paper is to describe our approach to the development of two of these conceptual aspects and how we oriented those toward the needs of practical implementation. The two conceptual aspects are (a) a structural, descriptive model of human-computer interaction, and (b) Techniques for representing both the behavioral (end-user's) view and the constructional (developer's) view of dialogue. The approach to their development was a technology transfer process that was part of a two-year university/industry research liaison between the Dialogue Management Project and IBM Federal Systems Division (FSD), now called Systems Integration Division. Part of this liaison was aimed at moving our research ideas and results into a real-world dialogue development environment. Following presentation of the technical problems and solutions, the paper concludes with a discussion of results of our liaison and by raising and addressing some questions of mutual interest that arose during our cooperative interaction.
|Item Type:||Departmental Technical Report|
|Subjects:||Computer Science > Historical Collection(Till Dec 2001)|
|Deposited By:||User autouser|
|Deposited On:||10 December 2005|

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Contact Lens Prescription
BY MARY JAMESON, BHS, COA, NCLC, CPOT
What do the numbers on a contact lens prescription mean? How do they relate to a patient's eyes? How important are they? With all of the controversy surrounding the issue of releasing contact lens prescriptions, we should understand what every detail of the prescription means.
Measuring Base Curve
The back of a contact lens features a series of curves. These curves help the contact lens fit the contour of a cornea. The main back surface curve of a lens is the base curve. It represents the central radius of curvature of the back of the lens. The base curve corresponds to the keratometry reading, the measurement of a patient's corneal curvature.
We typically record keratometry measurements in diopters of power and typically measure the base curve reading in millimeters of radius. You can use a conversion chart to transition from diopters to millimeters of radius.
When you select a trial lens, you can choose a base curve that is on K (meaning it matches the corneal curvature reading), steeper than K (meaning the base curve is smaller than the corneal curvature reading) or flatter than K (meaning that the base curve is larger or longer than the corneal curvature reading). An "on K fit" is not always the ideal. You can compare this to shopping for shoes or clothing -- if you are a certain size in one brand, you may not be the same size in another. The same is true for contact lenses. Patients need to try contact lenses on to make sure the fit is the best possible.
The power of a lens represents the prescription that will neutralize the power of the patient's eye. This number is not always the same for a contact lens fitting as it is for a spectacle prescription. You must take the vertex distance (the distance from the surface of the cornea to the back of the spectacle lens) into consideration because the contact lens fits onto the cornea. You can use an effectivity chart to make the appropriate power adjustments. Also, the over-refraction during the lens fit will help finalize the patient's prescription.
When you fit gas permeable lenses, you must consider the relationship of the base curve to the cornea. When you fit a lens steeper or flatter than the keratometry reading, a lacrimal lens forms between the cornea and the back curvature of the lens. If you fit a lens steeper than the K reading, then you must add minus power to the prescription. Likewise, if you fit a lens flatter than the K reading, then you must add plus power to the prescription. Use the acronym SAMFAP (steeper add minus; flatter add plus) to help remember this calculation.
Contact lens diameter influences the fit of the lens. Diameter is less variable for soft lenses. If you reduce the diameter of the lens but the base curve remains the same, then the lens will show more movement. If you increase the diameter of the lens but the base curve remains the same, the lens will show minimal amounts of movement.
Contact lens prescriptions should be filled just like any other valid medical prescription. Make "No Substitutions" the norm for contact lens prescriptions. Any variance from the prescribed contact lenses can result in problems for your patients.
Ms. Jameson is laboratory supervisor for the Department of Clinical Sciences at the Pennsylvania College of Optometry and is a past chair of the AOA Paraoptometric
Contact Lens Spectrum, Issue: October 2003


text:
Different Possibilities of Process Analysis in Cold Extrusion
Cold extrusion is a technology which offers a number of advantages when compared to other manufacturing technologies. High mechanical properties of extruded component, short production time as well as significant cost effectiveness which can be achieved by implementation of this technology are the main characteristics of cold extrusion process. In order to design the complete extrusion process in optimal way it is crucial to know the main process parameters such as load, die pressure, stress and strain distribution within deformation zone etc. There is a number of methods for the analysis of cold extrusion processes. Current paper gives the insight into the possibilities of process analysis in three different cases of cold extrusion. Radial extrusion of gear like elements has been analyzed theoretically (Upper Bound method), numerically by FE simulation and experimentally. Die stressing has been measured by special device (pin load cell) in the process of forward extrusion. Third analyzed process was backward extrusion with profiled punch. In this process loading characteristics as well as some of the mechanical properties of extruded component were obtained experimentally.
Luca Tomesani and Lorenzo Donati
M. Plancak et al., "Different Possibilities of Process Analysis in Cold Extrusion", Key Engineering Materials, Vol. 367, pp. 209-214, 2008


text:
CSS Initial Style value
With this extension you can see the initial values for each property in your CSS, Less, Sass, SCSS files.
For more information about Initial values and how they works, follow this link: _URL_
How it works:
Changed the MDN url in the box


text:
Crushing performances of Kirigami modified honeycomb structure in three axial directions
|Li, Z. and Yang, Q. and Fang, R. and Chen, W. and Hao, H. 2021. Crushing performances of Kirigami modified honeycomb structure in three axial directions. Thin-Walled Structures. 160: ARTN 107365.
A novel Kirigami (cut and fold) modified honeycomb structure is proposed in this study, aiming to reduce the initial peak force under out-of-plane crushing while maintaining the high energy absorption capacity, as well as increasing the in-plane crushing resistance. Three aluminium hexagonal honeycomb structures: standard honeycomb (HC), sheet reinforced honeycomb (RHC), and Kirigami modified honeycomb (KHC) structures are prepared and tested under quasi-static compression in three axial directions. The compressive properties of the proposed Kirigami modified honeycomb are compared with standard honeycomb and reinforced honeycomb in three axial directions. Numerical method is employed to adjust the wall thickness of HC so that its relative density is the same as RHC and KHC for fair comparisons on the crushing performances. Numerical model of standard honeycomb (HC) is calibrated and updated with the adjusted wall thickness to compare with the test results of reinforced and Kirigami modified honeycomb structures of the same relative density. The KHC demonstrated significant improvement on energy absorption capability as compared to the other two honeycombs in all three axial directions. Under out-of-plane crushing, KHC does not develop an initial peak force, while its average crushing resistance remains at a similar level as RHC, and is 17.6% higher than that of HC. Under the in-plane 1 compression, the average crushing resistance of KHC is around 5.2 and 7.5 times of that of HC and RHC, with an even lower uniformity ratio. The KHC shows a moderate improvement in crushing resistance in in-plane 2 direction, compared with the other two honeycombs. These results demonstrate the significant improvement of Kirigami modification on the crushing performance of honeycomb structures.
|ELSEVIER SCI LTD
|Science & Technology
|Kirigami modified honeycomb
|Three axial directions
|Crushing performances of Kirigami modified honeycomb structure in three axial directions
|School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
|Faculty of Science and Engineering
|Chen, Wensu [0000-0001-9933-8156]
|Hao, Hong [0000-0001-7509-8653]
|Hao, Hong [D-6540-2013]
|Chen, Wensu
|Hao, Hong


Kalman filter
Motion of high frequency and relatively low amplitude do not need to be compensated by the DP systems. Such motion is the result of first order wave loads. In order to remove those wave frequency components from the position and heading measurements and estimated velocities, we use Kalman filter. The signal is filtered and then passed to the controller.
Having the DP system trying to compensate those wave-frequency motions would result to unnecessarilly high power compasation and potential wear of accuators.
[Figure of filtered and unfilltered signal]


text:
A Hero Ain't Nothin' but a Sandwich examines questions of human relationships, self-image, racial identity, and personal commitment while telling the story of one boy's struggle against drug addiction. Filled with interesting, realistic characters, Childress's story deals honestly and believably with difficult questions.
From the first, the novel demands the reader's intelligent participation. Many characters present conflicting views of racial experiences, poverty, and drug use. The reader must evaluate each point of view, allowing for the personal bias of each. The...
(The entire page is 185 words.)
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text:
To enable a Mac to boot from a network using the Parallels NetBoot service, the following requirements should be met:
The Mac must obtain its IPv4 address from the local DHCP server.
The following network traffic must be allowed from the Mac to the NetBoot host:
a. HTTP (TCP port 80)
b. TFTP (UDP port 69)
c. BootP/DHCP (UDP port 67)
Note: "Subnet" and "Broadcast domain" are used interchangeably in this document.
Configuration 1: Mac and NetBoot Server in the Same subnet
In this scenario, no specific configuration is required unless a firewall is enabled on the NetBoot server. If a firewall is running on a NetBoot server, then the following firewall rules must be created:
Inbound connections to TCP port 80 from any client must be enabled. This is usually done with the predefined "World Wide Web Services (HTTP Traffic-In)" rule.
- Inbound connections to UDP ports 67 and 69 from any client must be enabled. This is usually done with the predefined "Windows Deployment Services (UDP-In)" rule.
Configuration 2: Mac and NetBoot Server in Different subnets
In this scenario, the NetBoot server and the Mac are located in different subnets, which means that broadcast DHCP requests from the Mac can't reach the NetBoot server. To solve this issue, the administrator should set up DHCP Relay Agent on the client subnet's router (R1), which will forward broadcast UDP traffic as unicast to the NetBoot server.
Cisco has excellent documentation on DHCP Relay Agent feature here
Note: On the layer3-capable switch DHCP Relay Agent must be configured on Vlan interface with an IP address assigned, not a physical uplink interface.
Suppose we have the following network configuration:
FastEthernet0/0 – the network interface on the router R1 which serves the User subnet.
- 172.17.2.100 – IP address of the NetBoot server.
To setup the DHCP Relay 1, you need to enter the following commands on R1:
configure terminal no ip forward-protocol udp 37 no ip forward-protocol udp 49 no ip forward-protocol udp 53 no ip forward-protocol udp 137 no ip forward-protocol udp 138 interface FastEthernet0/0 ip helper-address 172.17.2.100 end
No other devices between the Mac and the NetBoot server require a specific configuration. The administrator should only ensure that HTTP (TCP port 80), TFTP (UDP port 69), and BootP/DHCP (UDP port 67) traffic to the NetBoot server is not blocked.
Configuration 3: Mac, DHCP Server and NetBoot Server in Different subnets
In this scenario, the NetBoot server, the DHCP server and the managed computer are located in different subnets, which means that broadcast DHCP requests from the Mac can't reach the NetBoot server.
If your DHCP server is already set up – you're already using DHCP Relay Agent. Just add a second server to forward DHCP packets to and make sure that the HTTP (TCP port 80), TFTP (UDP port 69), and BootP/DHCP (UDP port 67) traffic is not blocked by your firewall.
If you're planning deployment – you'll need to set up DHCP Relay Agent, and set it to forward DHCP requests to two servers: DHCP server and NetBoot server. See Configuration 2 for more details on setting up DHCP Relay Agent.


text:
SCIENCE fiction is becoming science fact at _USER_ on 17 July as 3D chocolate printing is demonstrated as part of the UK's leading broadband technology road show – NextGen.
The ability to create objects in three dimensions has been likened by many to the futuristic fictional replication devices which were a figment of Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry's imagination. Now, developed by the University of Exeter as the world's first commercially available 3D chocolate printing machine, it is being demoed in Bristol in cooperation with Bristol City Council.
"Twenty-five years ago the public would have looked at mobile phones with the same awe and excitement as we are seeing with 3D printing today. It is right on the cusp of popular consciousness and is set to transform industries like manufacturing and consumers lives," said Andrew Macdonald, Director of NextGen.
Building future-proof digital access for businesses and homes throughout the UK is being billed as one of the last great utility transformations – but it has been estimated that the infrastructure investment will yield more economic energy than water, gas, motorways and AC electricity put together.
"The sheer quantity of data transfer needed will increase exponentially as applications such as 3D printing and video surge in demand. Our already creaking broadband infrastructure is struggling with today's requirements in many areas, let alone keeping up with future needs. Next generation broadband is critical to future prosperity and that is at the core of what we are driving home with our NextGen Roadshows," Mr Macdonald added.
Alongside the 3D printer the NextGen Bristol road show will feature presentations from some of the leading local, national and international figures in the broadband industry. These include representatives from BT, Bristol City Council, Fibre to the Home Council Europe, University of Warwick, Prysmian Group, Avanti Communications, Netadmin Systems and many more. Delegates will hear from organisations that are involved with the development of next generation infrastructure from many different perspectives.
Lead scientist from the University of Exeter project that created the 3D chocolate printing machine, Dr Liang Hao, commented: "Chocolate printing is the same as any other 3D printing technique and starts with a flat cross-section image similar to that produced by regular printers. Layer by layer, a 3D object can then be made. As you can imagine this requires a vast amount of data. If users are to transfer this information via the internet to 3D printers off-site and around the world then next generation broadband will be vital."
To see the 3D chocolate printer and find out about the implementation of next generation broadband in Bristol and the South West register to attend at _URL_
The NextGen Roadshow aim is to be inclusive, with delegates fees of £50 + VAT to cover the costs associated with hosting the event.


Menu
Amazon Macie
User Guide
Setting Up Amazon Macie
Step 1 - Enable Macie
When you sign up for AWS, your AWS account is automatically signed up for all services in AWS, including Amazon Macie. If you don't have an account, use the following procedure to create one.
To sign up for AWS
 1. Open _URL_ and then choose Create an AWS Account.
 Note
 This might be unavailable in your browser if you previously signed into the AWS Management Console. In that case, choose Sign in to a different account, and then choose Create a new AWS account.
 2. Follow the online instructions.
 Part of the sign-up procedure involves receiving a phone call and entering a PIN using the phone keypad.
When you launch the Macie console for the first time, choose Get Started and complete the following procedure to enable Macie.
Important
The AWS account that you use to enable Macie is automatically designated as your master account. For more information, see Concepts and Terminology.
To enable Amazon Macie
On the Enable Amazon Macie page, complete the following steps:
 1. Verify region preferences by reviewing the value in the drop-down menu under the Region section.
 Note
 The region that you are currently signed in to is automatically selected.
 2. Required: create the Identity Access Management (IAM) roles that provide Macie with access to your AWS account. You can create these roles and the required policies by launching the AWS CloudFormation stack templates found at the URLs listed below. These roles only need to be created once for use in all regions. For more information about AWS CloudFormation and CloudFormation stacks, see What is AWS CloudFormation? and Working with Stacks.
 3. Required: make sure that AWS CloudTrail is enabled in your account. If CloudTrail is not enabled, you must navigate to the AWS CloudTrail console and enable AWS CloudTrail. For more information, see Overview for Creating a Trail.
 4. Grant Macie the required permissions to access your CloudTrail data by checking the checkbox in the Permissions section.
 5. Choose Enable Macie.
Step 2 - Integrate Amazon S3 with Macie
To classify and protect your data, Macie analyzes and processes information from AWS CloudTrail and Amazon S3. Enabling CloudTrail in your account is required in order to enable Macie. Integrating S3 with Macie (in other words, initially specifying one or more S3 buckets for Macie to monitor) is not required in order to enable Macie. However we strongly recommend that you integrate with S3 as part of setting up Macie and specify at least one S3 bucket that contains objects that you want Macie to classify and monitor. For more information and details about how Macie classifies your data, see Classify Your Data with Macie.
When you integrate with S3, Macie creates a trail and a bucket to store the logs about the S3 object-level API activity (data events) that it will now analyze along with other CloudTrail logs that it processes.
Important
Macie has a default limit on the amount of data that it can classify in an AWS account. Once this data limit is reached, Macie stops classifying the data in this AWS account. The default data classification limit is 3TB. You can contact customer support and request an increase to the default limit.
You can use the following procedure to integrate with S3 as part of setting up Macie:
 1. Log in to AWS with the credentials of the AWS account that is serving as your Macie master account.
 2. Navigate to the Macie console's Integrations tab and choose the Services tab.
 3. In the Services tab, select the account id (master or member) in the Select an account drop-down. The Amazon S3 tile is then displayed.
 4. Choose the Add button in the Amazon S3 tile.
 5. On the Selected S3 buckets and prefixes page, choose the edit icon, and then select either the full buckets (recommended) or bucket/prefix combinations for Macie to monitor. You can select up to 250 S3 buckets and prefixes.
 Note
 You can only select S3 buckets in your current AWS region.
 Important
 When you specify an S3 bucket, by default, Macie only classifies objects that are added to the bucket after your bucket selection is complete. However you can instruct Macie to classify all existing objects in the specified S3 bucket by checking the Classify all checkbox.
 If you decide to Classify all S3 objects in a bucket, make sure to note the following values:
 - Total size - total size of the data within this bucket, which is the sum of the sizes of all the objects in the bucket. This value is displayed in the Total size column on the Select S3 buckets for Macie to monitor page.
 - Total processed - total size of the data from the bucket that Macie will actually classify. This value is displayed in the Total processed column on the Select S3 buckets for Macie to monitor page.
 - Total cost estimate - the total content classification cost estimate for each S3 bucket. This value is displayed in the Total cost estimate column on the Select S3 buckets for Macie to monitor page.
 These values are greyed out if Classify all checkbox is not checked. These values are calculated based on the snapshot of the contents of your S3 buckets taken within the last 48 hours.
 The Total cost estimate for each bucket is based on the Total processed value for that bucket and the general Macie pricing of $5 per GB processed by the content classification engine. The total cost estimates are provided only for S3 buckets, not for prefixes. For more information, see Amazon Macie Pricing.
 The Total processed value for each bucket is calculated as follows:
 - If an object's size is less than 1KB, 1KB is added to the Total processed value. Otherwise, the object's actual size is added to the Total processed value.
 - If the object's size is greater than 20MB, 20MB is added to the Total processed value. Otherwise, the object's actual size is added to the Total processed value.
 - For object in Amazon Glacier vaults, 0 is added to the Total processed value.
 Note that it is possible for the Total processed value of an S3 bucket to be higher than the Total size value.
 6. When you've finished your selections, choose Review and Save. And when you've finished reviewing your selections, choose Save.


text:
What Is the Main Difference Between a Human Heart and Frog Heart?
While there are quite a few differences between the circulatory systems in the human and the frog, the primary difference between the two hearts is the number of chambers; frog hearts have two atria and one ventricle, while human hearts have two atria and two ventricles. The frog's right atrium gets deoxygenated blood out of the vessels that come from the bodily organs, and the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the skin and lungs. Both of the atria send blood into the ventricle which has two chambers that keep the two sources from mixing.
The ultimate destination for oxygenated blood within a frog is the carotid arteries, which send blood to the brain, while the deoxygenated blood goes to the lungs and skin to gather oxygen.
Within a human, circulation forms a loop from the heart throughout the different sections of the body. Arteries gather blood with oxygen from the heart and send it out to the tissues where it disperses oxygen and gathers carbon dioxide on the way back to the heart. Then, the blood goes from the heart to the lungs to receive oxygen before coming back to the heart and then out through the primary arteries again. The pulmonary arteries and veins link the heart to the lungs.


text:
What is the Hydrant Pressure Test?
Hydrant pressure tests ensure adequate water supply to fire protection systems – and an Ultrasonic Flow Meter is an essential tool for getting the job done
Reliable sources of water are essential in a fire emergency. Hydrant pressure tests ensure this reliability by determining the pressure and rate of flow at any point in a water distribution system. This is accomplished by measuring static (non-flowing) and residual (flowing) pressure, as well the rate of discharge in liter per minute (LPM) of each fire hydrant
- Shut off the complete hydrant system and measure the head of the pump.
- Adjust the head of the pump by the existing valve of the hydrant, measure the flow of water by opening the hydrant accordingly.
- Hydrant to be opened to be delivered 125% of the flow.
- Check the rpm of the pump at each operating point.
4.Draw performance curve to show actual versus original pump data


text:
The Netflix error 1011 on the iPhone or other Apple devices is easy to fix. It is usually identified with the following message: There is a problem connecting to Netflix. Please try again later (1011).
What Does The Netflix 1011 Error Mean?
The 1011 error means that a glitch was encountered on one of the interfaces required to establish a connection to Netflix, that is, the Netflix app could not connect to the internet from your device. Now let us look at some of the things that may cause the error 1011 to happen:
- There is a problem with the internet connection on your iPhone.
- The Netflix account information on the iPhone is not correct.
- The Netflix app crashed temporarily.
- There is a problem with the Netflix cache on your device.
How To Fix Netflix Error 1011
There are several things you can do that would clear this error and stop it from showing up on the next try. These pointers or methods are listed below. These are not steps, these are options, you can try all of them though in the order they appear here with the last one being your last resort.
1. Fix The Internet Connection On Your Device
Check to make sure the internet connection on your iPhone or iPad is okay by visiting a webpage from your browser. If your connection is good, then that probably wasn't stopped Netflix. On to the next one.
2. Reset The Netflix Application
To reset the Netflix application, follow the steps below:
- Go to your iPhone home screen, then click on Settings.
- Scroll down until you find Netflix, then click on it.
- Switch the Reset button to On, then go back to your home screen.
- Open up the Netflix app again, then enter your login details to sign in. Now try streaming again to see if the error 1011 would reappear. It shouldn't.
3. Restart Your iPhone or iPad
It is a known fact that restarting a device clears some small surprisingly difficult to fix mobile problems, which is sometimes or even more commonly caused by an overloaded RAM. I remember one time my phone just stopped charging, I thought the charger had gone bad so I went to get a new one; that, and the others I borrowed from friends didn't work until I restarted the phone. Some people that find themselves in this situation may even take the battery out and slam it a few times on the floor, then when the put it back in and it works, they'll go "hey my trick worked, I'm a genius". But in reality, a simply restart would do it.
If you do not know how to restart your iPhone, follow the guide below:
- Press and hold the Sleep button on the top of your iPhone for a few seconds until the red slide to off slider appears.
- Slide the slider to turn off your phone.
- Wait about 10 seconds, then press the Sleep button to turn the phone back on.
- Now, re-open Netflix and try to do what you were trying to do before the error 1011 came up (streaming a movie perhaps).
4. Use Another Internet Connection
Like I said before, the problem could be your network connection. Have you tried opening a webpage from your browser to make sure your connection is good as described in item 1? If you have, it is also possible that your connection speed is not quick enough to stream videos on Netflix, so trying another internet connection (WiFi) would be your best bet to rule out your connection as the cause of the problem.
To change to a WiFi network connection:
- Click on the Settings icon on your home screen.
- Choose Wi-Fi.
- Find your Wi-Fi network and connect to it.
After you have connected successfully, open Netflix and try streaming your video again, it should work this time.
5. Clear Your Netflix Cookies
To eliminate the doubt that this problem may be the result of a corrupt cookie file, clear your netflix cookies by following the instructions below:
- From your browser, go to this web address _URL_
- After typing that address and pressing enter, you netflix cookies would be cleared and you would be logged out of your account.
- Now try to log back in and see if the error remains.
6. Delete and Reinstall the Netflix App
To delete the Netflix app from your iOS device:
- Press and hold the Netflix icon on your home screen until it wiggles.
- Click on the little X on the top of the icon, then choose Delete.
To install the Netflix app:
- Visit the Apple App Store, then search for Netflix (by Netflix Inc). The app is free.
- Click Install. After the app has installed, sign in and try to stream again.


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I've searched and searched for a solution today but haven't found one.
I have a Camera with Vector3 and also the camera has an angle.
If I use this:
hero.position.x += speedX;
hero.position.z += speedZ;
works great but as soon as I rotate the camera the "hero" still goes in the same direction. So if I press button W I want the hero to go the way the camera is looking.
I've also tried:
hero.position.x += Math.sin(hero.rotation*3.1415/180) * speedX;
hero.position.z += Math.cos(hero.rotation*3.1415/180) * speedZ;
But it wont work and I just can walk in a line.
So how do I move in 3D space in first person mode?
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
up vote 0 down vote accepted
You need to find a vector that points in the direction the camera is looking and then multiply this vector by your forward movement speed.
So you need to create a Matrix that rotates a Vector x-degrees around the Y-axis. Now I don't know what framework you're using (it just says java in your tags) so I'll just give some sample code that you need to adapt:
float degrees = 90; //degrees your camera is rotated along the y-axis
Vector3 forward = new Vector(0,0,-1);
forward = Vector3.Transform(forward, Matrix.CreateRotationY(MathHelper.ToRadians(degrees)));
Moving your player can now be done using the above forward vector
player.X += speed * forward.Z;
player.Y += speed * forward.Y;
player.Z += speed * forward.Z
Now if you're making a FPS you might also want to add strafing, this can be done easily by taking the forward vector, and rotating it another 90 degrees, you then have the 'left' vector which you can add as above the player's position where speed is 1 when'strafe-left' is pressed, -1 when'strafe-right' is pressed and 0 when nothing is pressed
You can also get the left vector by using the cross vector of the forward vector and the up vector (0,1,0).
In my example x is left-right, y is up-down, z+ screen to you z- screen to 'inside' of screen.
Edit: important note, you should always calculate a new forward vector every frame, don't re-use it and apply new rotations to the forward vector since small errors, that eventually become large errors, will creep in.
share|improve this answer
or if he have access to the direction as a Quaternion orientation;, just: forward = orientation * new Vector3(0, 0, -1); backward = -forward; left = orientation * new Vector3(-1, 0, 0); right = -left; :D – Gustavo Maciel May 4 '12 at 18:18
Do you have a vector to the "look" point?
If so, just increase the player position by a vector speed*(eyePositionToLookPoint)
eyePositionToLookPoint = look - eye ;
eyePositionToLookPoint.normalize() ;
playerPos += speed*eyePositionToLookPoint ;
Be sure to normalize()!
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
protected member function
void init (streambuf* sb);
Initializes the values of the stream's internal flags and member variables.
Derived classes are expected to call this protected member function at some point before its first use or before its destruction (generally, during construction).
The internal state is initialized in such a way that each of these members return the following values:
On initialization, the internal extensible array (iword, pword) is empty.
Modifies the stream object. The object pointed by sb may be accessed and/or modified.
Concurrent access to the same stream object or stream buffer may cause data races.
Basic guarantee: if an exception is thrown, the stream is in a valid state.
- Construct object (public member function


Co-funded by
the European Union
European Consumer Centre (ECC) Italy Bolzano office
Souvenirs from Bella Italia? Pay responsibly, pay attention!
"They have succeeded in accumulating a greater mass of objects, but the joy in the world has grown less", warned Dostoevskij. Such a monition can be addressed to those purchasing merchandise in Italy from pedlars or unauthorized websites: yielding to this temptation, indeed, can lead to criminal penalties and to administrative fines.
Firstly, the offence of receiving stolen goods (offence called "ricettazione") refers to cases in which a person purchases some merchandise though being aware of the fact that those goods were stolen or counterfeited. Therefore, if from the price of the goods related to its quality and charachteristics, or from the sale's context and conditions, the buyer considers as factually possible that the wares may derive from a crime (for instance counterfeiting or theft), but purchases the goods anyway, they may face charges and be sentenced from 2 to 8 years imprisonment and to a fine from € 516 up to € 10.329. Otherwise, if the purchase of such "suspect" goods is only due to carelessness and inattention, a sentence to a 6 months arrest and to a fine not lower than € 10 may be faced (offence called "acquisto di cose di sospetta provenienza"). But that's not all. The same behaviour is prosecuted with the infliction of administrative fines from €100 up to €7000. Therefore, if a very expensive and greatly desired designer bag is offered to you by pedlars on the beaches, in the streets or by some unauthorized websites, then it is most likely illegal and counterfeited, so you are strongly adviced not to buy it.
There are, moreover, several reasons explaining these prohibitions. Buying counterfeited merchandise and, in general, goods by pedlars and by unauthorized sellers, degrades the economic development of the market significantly, especially of such enterprises who act complying with the rules; furthermore it can endorse a terrible system of illegal work and labour exploitation. In addition, the health of consumers could be endangered: in fact, counterfeited merchandise may contain harmful substances like unhautorized colouring matter, paints or varnishes.
However, despite the system of penalties and fines, it is not uncommon in Italy to find pedlars in squares, on the seafronts, on the beach, and, in general, in all places frequented mostly by turists. Foreign turists are the most frequent victims of the illegal merchandising, as they might not be aware of all the relevant legislation in force in Italy and they are often attracted by the idea of buying some Italian souvenirs during summer holidays.
How could unpleasant consequences be avoided?
As far as the pedlars are concerned, there is absolutely no doubt: in these cases it is always preferrable to refrain from buying merchandise. Regarding kiosks or some other trading structures, as well as online portals, offering designer goods it is worth evaluating the quality of the goods and the amount of the price, comparing them to the caratheristics of products of the same brand or being similar and judging the plausibility of the price and therefore the authenticity of the goods. If, however, these elements are not known or uncertain, it is advisable to avoid the purchase.
Some Italian municipalities and seaside establishments have developed specific awarness campaigns in different languages, in order to discourage turists from buying merchandise from pedlars. These campaigns highlight that the list of "pleasures to be avoided on the beaches" includes also massages and tattoos. In the latter case, furthermore, there could be the risk that the tattoo artist, even though an excellent draughtsman, uses dangerous substances for the health.
Moreover, in order to protect "Made in Italy" products from counterfeited merchandise and from its online distribution, the last 14th of July was signed the "Carta Italia", a Charter for the development of best practices in which institutions, consumer associations and companies commit themselves to combating together the online counterfeit.
For these reasons consumers, and in particular foreign turists, are encouraged to purchase responsibly, in order to avoid unpleasant consequences for everyone.
Press release
Bolzano, 23rd July 2015


Basin Research: Modelling the role of dynamic topography and eustasy in the evolution of the Great Artesian Basin
Widespread flooding of the Australian continent during the Early Cretaceous, referred to as the Eromanga Sea, deposited extensive shallow marine sediments throughout the Great Artesian Basin (GAB). This event had been considered 'out of sync' with eustatic sea level and was instead solely attributed to dynamic subsidence associated with Australia's passage over eastern Gondwanan subducted material. However, mantle convection models previously used to explain this event have since been shown to overestimate dynamic topography amplitude by a factor of two compared with residual topography estimates. Previous models were also based on a Cretaceous eustatic sea-level peak at ca. 90 Ma in conventional eustatic sea-level curves; however, more recent estimates of global sea level from ocean basin volume (OBV) suggest this peak may have occurred earlier at ca. 120 Ma. Our work links time-dependent erosion and deposition with dynamic topography and eustasy to test their contribution to basin development using the landscape evolution code pyBadlands. Our results show that the lower amplitude estimates of dynamic topography derived from pseudo-compressible mantle flow models better reflect the Cretaceous vertical motions of the Australian continent (ca. 100 m) compared with their incompressible counterparts (ca. 200–400 m). Additionally, our models include the Neogene north-eastward tilting of Australia, elusive in most previously published geodynamic models. In conjunction with an OBV-derived sea-level curve, our preferred landscape evolution model broadly matches the Cretaceous inundation patterns and first-order sedimentary sequences in the GAB. The results highlight that the Early Cretaceous inundation of the Australian continent is likely a combination of high global sea levels and the regional effects of dynamic subsidence. Our work provides a framework for a new generation of evolving paleogeographic models at continental scales, while also providing key insights into the viability of existing sea-level curves and dynamic topography estimates for reproducing topographic and basin evolution.
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text:
The human mind has the power to overcome indifference and anxiety by shifting thoughts. By redirecting our attention and ignoring distractions, we realize how minor things can cause great distress. The One Thing explores a path, or way to live with a clearer perspective. Seeking simplicity in a complex world can be achieved and Wayne Holland offers his perspective to change thinking.
The One Thing: The Ultimate Secret gives a straightforward approach to life. This book offers a description of existence, how it came to be, and the future of a very complex development, human thinking. The One Thing maintains that ideas are a natural feature of the universe. Concepts formed in minds follow paths of growth and decay. Ideas come and go just like all other universal events.
The dynamic known as "human thinking" eventually succumbs like stars in the night sky. Thoughts can disappear by shifting your focus into the more significant facet of life. Yet, the day will come where human thinking faces forces that destroy it. Holland discusses the efforts at the time to develop artificial intelligence. The One Thing mentions that AI was the first step along the way that ultimately leads to the end of human thinking.
Peek in on the ultimate secret and view the Contents of this book on the product page. You can find the preview by clicking on Resources and Downloads.
eBook – Kindle, eBook – Apple, Paperback
Green Dragon Books


Country Highlight: SEYCHELLES
Posted By : Travel Africa Movement/ 118 0
The Seychelles is comprised of 115 islands and is the smallest sovereign African nation. Learn more fun facts about this beautiful country.
Fast Facts:
1. Seychelles is an African island nation, comprised of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean. There are 42 inner granite islands and 73 outer coral islands.
2. Its capital and largest city is Victoria, situated on Mahé island. 90% of the population lives on Mahé.
3. It's the smallest sovereign African nation by size and population.
4. Major languages: English, French and Seychellois Creole
5. Major ethnic groups: Seychellois Creoles (mixed race) (93%), British, Indian, Chinese
6. Major religions: Christianity (89%), Hinduism (2%), Islam (2%), Traditional and other (6%), None (1%)
7. It gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1976.
8. The Seychelles are the world's only granite islands.
9. The rare Coco de Mer palm tree (aka double coconut tree) grows naturally in only 2 places in the world: Praslin and Curieuse islands. Its large nut can grow to more than 19 inches (50 cm) in diameter and weigh up to 90 pounds.
10. It has 2 UNESCO World Heritage sites: Vallée de Mai, a protected forest, and Aldabra Atoll, the world's largest coral atoll which is home to more than 150,000 giant tortoises.
11. It is known for its nature reserves, wildlife, hiking trails, water sports, and beautiful beaches.
12. The largest and most popular islands are Mahé, La Digue, and Praslin. Activities there include: Anse Source d'Argent beach, Seychelles National Botanical Gardens, Le Jardin du Roi Spice Garden, Anse Georgette, Anse Intendance, Anse Lazio, Beau Vallon, Anse Volbert, Copolia Trail, Victoria Market, and Shark Bank.
13. Other visited islands include Curieuse, Cousine, Grande Soeur, Petite Soeur, St. Pierre, Silhouette, Denis, Cerf and Fregate.
Photo credit:
Video credit: Top Tourist Places
Video credit: Displore


The Sri Lanka Easter bombings that killed more than 350 people including foreign nationals raise several pertinent questions
 1. Why did the bombings received far less foreign media coverage than Christ Church terrorist attack and Notre Dame fire?
 2. Why was the intelligence warning which came on April 4 was ignored and even withheld according to Sri Lankan minister Lakshman Kiriella
 3. It was India which gave the intelligence warning. How did India get this information?
 4. Why little known group National Thowheeth Jama'ath was named in the intelligence report?
 5. Why did Sri Lanka's booming tourism industry was attacked?
 6. Why ISIS which is not heard of in Sri Lanka claimed the responsibility after three days of the terrorist attacks?
 7. How ISIS which is decimated in the Middle East manged to carry out such a massive coordinated attacks in Sri Lanka where they do not have any strategic interest?
 8. Why ISIS?
 9. Why the persecuted Muslim minority in Sri Lanka carry out a terrorist attack on another minority group?
 10. Who benefits?
I hope that the journalists who report the Sri Lanka terrorist attacks will keep these questions in mind while filing their report. Reporters should not be stenographers.
Binu Mathew is the editor of
Join Our News Letter
 1. Thanks to Binu for posing these pertinent questions when so many "media" just want to cause even more dissension and damage than already exists.
 2. These are very legitimate questions. Indeed, in the highly conflated political environment of Sri Lanka and the complex geopolitical rivalry where both have an interest in seeing instability in Sri Lanka, real story behind this most dastardly and tragic act may never be found out unless of course, an independent proble made of experts drawn from countries that have no vested interest in the island country and headed by the UN or Vatican (and this is because the target were Christians) are carried out.
 3. a rouge nations fingerprints are all over this mass murder they have committed to further their interests in the region
 4. Avatar Pratap Antony says:
 These pertinent questions will unearth the truth. Good thinking.


text:
But no matter how often professors repeat themselves, some students inevitably don't get the message.
Purdue PassNote is a free website designed to help professors fi nd the messages most likely to get students' attention. Developed by faculty at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, the site offers a drop-down menu from which instructors select green, yellow, or red tabs to describe their level of concern regarding a specifi c student behavior. The site then suggests statements, which instructors can cut and paste into an email, posting, or Facebook or Twitter message to students.
The statements are based on a study led by research scientist Matt Pistilli, who examined effective communication methods in education.
His research indicated, for example, that sentences intended to correct student behavior should be no longer than 54 words—students tend to stop reading after that.
If instructors want to improve students' work ethic, the site suggests statements such as "it is very important that you seek additional help before the next test to improve your grade." To improve attendance, it recommends a message such as "attending class each day on time can improve your chances of success."
The school will refine the site as more instructors use it. "We'll be looking at which phrases get used, which ones are never used, and what the final messages look like," says Pistilli. "We'll take this information and combine it with the direct feedback we get from users to continually improve the tool."
PassNote is available at _URL_.


Moto
Users can test AWS dependent code using the create_moto_fixture.
pytest_mock_resources.create_moto_fixture(scope='function')
Produce a Moto fixture.
Any number of fixture functions can be created. Under the hood they will all share the same moto server.
Note
Each test executes using a different (fake) AWS account through moto. If you create boto3 client/resource objects outside of the one handed to the test (for example, in the code under test), they should be sure to use the aws_access_key_id, aws_secret_access_key, aws_session_token, and endpoint_url given by the pmr_moto_credentials fixture.
Note
A moto dashboard should be available for debugging while the container is running. By default it would be available at http://localhost:5555/moto-api/# (but the exact URL may be different depending on your host/port config.
Parameters
scope (str) – The scope of the fixture can be specified by the user, defaults to "function".
Consider the following example:
# src/some_module.py
def list_files(s3_client):
 return s3_client.list_objects_v2(Bucket="x", Key="y")
A user could test this as follows:
# tests/some_test.py
from pytest_mock_resources import create_moto_fixture
from some_module import list_files
moto = create_moto_fixture()
def test_list_files(moto):
 s3_client = moto.client("s3")
 files = list_files(s3_client)
 assert ...
The test is handed a proxy-object which should functionally act like a boto3.Session object. Namely you would generally want to call .client(…) or .resource(…) on it.
Note
Each test executes using a different (fake) AWS account through moto. If you create boto3 client/resource objects using boto3 directly, outside of the object handed to your test, you should make sure to pass all the credentials fields into the constructor such that it targets the correct AWS instance/account.
For example:
import boto3
def test_list_files(pmr_moto_credentials):
 kwargs = pmr_moto_credentials.as_kwargs()
 s3_client = boto3.client("s3", **kwargs)
Note
A moto dashboard should be available for debugging while the container is running. By default it would be available at http://localhost:5555/moto-api/# (but the exact URL may be different depending on your host/port config.


text:
Superstorm Sandy and the Remediation of Water Damage, Mold Growth and Bacterial Threats
As business slowly returns to normal in areas of the East Coast impacted by Superstorm Sandy, property owners are confronting questions about how best to address water damage, prevent or remediate mold and microbial growth, and address bacterial threats from potentially contaminated flood waters. When water damage, flooding, or moisture intrusion events occur, there are a number of important considerations to take into account to address potential or actual mold, microbial, and bacterial threats:
1. Prompt Action is Essential
- Quick action is the key to preventing water damage from becoming a significant mold, microbial or bacterial problem.
- Act quickly to stop any ongoing source of water intrusion, evaluate the source and extent of water damage, mold-impacted building materials, and bacterial threats, and prepare an appropriate plan of action.
- Analyze insurance policies early in the process and put carriers on notice of any water damage, mold growth, and bacterial threats promptly. Many insurance policies require prior approval of selected consultants and contractors, as well as remedial scopes of work developed for the impacted property.
- Determine whether there are notice obligations under existing loan agreements, management, partnership, joint-venture agreements, and leases with tenants.
2. Retain Qualified Professionals
- Consider retaining a qualified environmental consultant with a licensed Certified Industrial Hygienist (CIH) on staff. Often, a CIH can best determine the source and extent of water damage and the appropriate scope of work to prevent or remediate mold and bacterial growth.
- Avoid the mistake of hiring only a remediation contractor. A more prudent approach is to engage a third-party consultant or CIH to conduct an assessment of water/moisture and mold/bacteria-impacted building materials, develop the appropriate scope of work for remediation, and monitor the performance of such work by a carefully selected remediation contractor.
- The third-party consultant/CIH should confirm that all water damage and related mold and bacterial growth have been appropriately remediated in accordance with the developed scope of work and prevailing industry standards. This provides an important double-check on the quality of the remediation.
3. Consider Carefully Whether Indoor Air Sampling is Necessary or Appropriate
- A thorough visual assessment with moisture metering conducted by a qualified CIH is the most effective way to confirm whether mold and/or conditions conducive to mold are present, and ultimately whether mold has been remediated successfully.
- Sampling methods for mold are not standardized and often yield highly variable results. Indoor air sampling often leads to results that are difficult to interpret, or that indicate a problem when there is none. The quantity of mold spores in air can vary greatly depending upon the season, the weather conditions, and the time of day, regardless of whether indoor mold growth actually is present.
- There are no regulatory standards against which to compare air sampling results for health or environmental assessments. In many cases, the objective should be to demonstrate that there is a lower concentration of mold spores in indoor air than in outdoor air.
- Before any post-mold remediation indoor air confirmation sampling is conducted, the third-party consultant/CIH should confirm via a thorough visual assessment and moisture metering that all water damaged and/or mold-impacted building materials have been remediated in accordance with the site-specific scope of work and prevailing industry standards, and that no excessive moisture or visible mold growth remains.
4. Document Assessment Findings, Remediation, and Results of Confirmation Sampling
- It is essential to document that the assessment and remediation work conducted was thorough, and that all impacts resulting from the water intrusion event have been successfully remediated. Maintaining such documentation will help avoid future obstacles in financing, leasing and sale transactions.
- The third-party consultant/CIH should prepare an assessment report that documents the initial assessment findings and recommendations for remediation. Once the remediation has been completed by a qualified contractor, the consultant/CIH should prepare a second, final report documenting that the conditions identified in its assessment report were remediated in accordance with its recommendations, that no mold or bacterial growth, or conditions conducive to mold or bacterial growth, remain, and that no further investigation or remediation is necessary.
5. Communicate with Building Occupants
- It is important to maintain open lines of communication with building occupants, and to provide information regarding the remedial measures being taken and the timetable for completion.
- Avoid the temptation to hide the problem from building occupants, and the reluctance to provide bad news. Sharing information with building occupants in most cases actually reduces the potential for and significance of third-party claims. It would be prudent to discuss this process with legal counsel.
- Document any complaints received from building occupants and users, and all actions taken in response thereto, and establish a protocol for responding to information requests and complaints. If such a protocol is established, stick to it.
6. Don't Cut Corners
- Avoid the temptation and resist any contractor recommendations to simply clean porous building materials such as drywall, insulation and carpeting. The wiser approach is to remove and replace porous materials, and limit cleaning to non-porous materials. While this approach can increase demolition and replacement costs, it more effectively reduces the risk of future mold and bacterial growth and related remediation costs and thirdparty claims.
- Evaluate incidental regulatory requirements, such as whether proper abatement of asbestos containing materials or lead paint is required in connection with the remediation project, and have any such work conducted by qualified professionals.
- Clean and maintain HVAC systems, replace air filters, drip pans, etc., during remediation. Following these general guidelines can greatly reduce the risk that water damage becomes a significant loss or source of liability. Additional information helpful in responding to water damage, mold and bacterial growth is available from the New York City Department of Health and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency via the links below:


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Case studies on chemical munitions
DAIMON had a closer look on two dump locations with chemical warfare agents (CWA): Gdańsk Deep (Kolberger Heide) and Bornholm Deep. DAIMON's task was to precisely locate singular objects within the pilot areas by means of side scan sonars (SSS) supplemented by Magnetic Anomaly Detector (MAD), using both towed arrays and Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV). Detected objects were inspected by Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROV), and identified based on visual data, archive inventory and other in situ methods. Sediment and water samples were collected to assess the spreading of toxic compounds. Passive samplers were deployed in vicinity of identified objects. Collected samples will be analyzed in regard to their impact on biota including infauna communities and fish.


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Introduction to Owls
Family: Strigidae (Owls)
There are six species of naturally occurring owl in the United Kingdom today, while a seventh, the European Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo), is living wild in England as a result of natural migration from the Continent, or as a result of escaping from bird collections. Despite these wild populations, it is a matter of dispute as to whether the Eagle Owl is a naturalised species.
Look under the Species Menu for all our native Owls


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The simple act of placing the fingertips of either hand
together in front of you to form a steeple is a very effective gesture that is
rarely offensive and will establish you as someone [who is] both evaluative and
in control. --Susan Bixler (The
Professional Image, p. 238)
Gesture. A position in which the tactile pads of the fingertips of one hand gently touch their counterparts on the other.
Usage: The steeple cue, perhaps first identified by Ray L.
Birdwhistell (Blum 1988) reflects precise thought patterns. It may be used while
listening, speaking, or thinking, to entertain a provocative or novel idea, or
to contemplate a creative solution to problems at hand.
Business. Steeple gestures may be used above a conference table to show that one is listening thoughtfully to a colleague's ideas and comments.
Media. 1. In a classic black-and-white photo by Alfred Eisenstaedt, physicist Robert Oppenheimer steepled his fingers while conversing with Albert Einstein on December 29, 1947. 2. In a Today Show interview with Katie Couric on June 24, 2003, Bernard Kerak, U.S. administrator for Iraq, steepled as he calmly explained that the postwar situation in Iraq was largely in control. When Katie asked about the exploding crime rate there, Kerak broke the steeple and vigorously scratched the palm of his hand. After explaining his side of the issue, he resumed steepling until the interview concluded. (On June 25, 2003, USA Today's lead article was about the escalating crime rate in Iraq.)
Observation. 1. The condominium president
steepled his fingers at chest level at his body's midline and replied,
"I know what I'm going to do about the board meeting." 2. The
CEO steepled and leaned back in his boardroom chair as he asked senior
staff, "What shall we do about this problem?" 3. Steeple
gestures may be observed at training lectures, news briefings, and seminars on
financial planning, e.g., where precise digital opposition reflects careful
reasoning, calculation, scheming, and thought.
Parallel palms. A common variant of the steeple cue is the widespread parallel-palms gesture. In parallel palms, the open hands are held facing--i.e., parallel to--one another as they are raised and lowered together (i.e., in tandem) in beating or chopping motions to strengthen a verbal point. As demonstrative speaking gestures, parallel palms are often seen in the courtroom as lawyers seek to manifest or prove an oral argument. Parallel palms are used by politicians, as well, to present arguments which they believe to be cogent, sound, and valid. Thus, parallel palms is an "exploded" version of the steeple cue, in which a speaker's opened hands are extended and aggressively shaken at listeners to show a. precise thought and b. a strong emotional conviction about the thought's validity. (N.B.: Note how, because the hands are held midway between the palm-down and palm-up positions, parallel-palms cues suggest the physical act of grasping, holding, or seizing a concept.)
World politics. Winston Churchill and Mikhail Gorbachev used the
steeple gesture to signal self-confidence as they spoke and listened. Regarding
Gorbachev, "He steeples in Moscow. He steeples in Washington. He steeples when
he listens. He steeples when he talks. He steeples high. He steeples low. He
even steeples when he smiles" (Blum 1988:3-14).
RESEARCH NOTES: 1. Finger-thumb steeple: "One hand movement which we filmed in a wide variety of places, is habitually used in speech. This involves placing the tips of the thumb and forefinger together to emphasize a line of argument. Usually, the hand moves agitatedly to and fro, and the speaker often concludes the gesture by abruptly baring his open palm at the other party" (Hass 1970:148). 2. "When a person in a private session with me displays this behavior and I ask what they are feeling, I can get a range of responses. If, however, I phrase my question in a leading way such as, 'I sense you're feeling pretty confident about what you've just said...,' I will invariably get an affirmation. If the person does not verbally confirm confident feelings, the steepling generally stops when I ask the question this way" (Blum 1988:3-13). 3. Fingers steeple, a widespread gesture, means "I am thinking" (Morris 1994:65).


Multi-groups functions
General information
To be able to synchronize current operations like group start or stop, set mark or rollback, usual functions dedicated to these tasks have twin-functions that process several tables groups in a single call.
The resulting advantages are:
 - to process all tables group in a single transaction,
 - to lock tables belonging to all groups at the beginning of the operation to minimize the risk of deadlock.
Functions list
The following table lists the multi-groups functions, with their relative mono-group functions, some of them being discussed later.
Multi-groups functions Relative mono-group function
emaj.emaj_alter_groups() emaj.emaj_alter_group()
emaj.emaj_start_groups() emaj.emaj_start_group()
emaj.emaj_stop_groups() emaj.emaj_stop_group()
emaj.emaj_set_mark_groups() emaj.emaj_set_mark_group()
emaj.emaj_rollback_groups() emaj.emaj_rollback_group()
emaj.emaj_logged_rollback_groups() emaj.emaj_logged_rollback_group
emaj.emaj_estimate_rollback_groups() emaj.emaj_estimate_rollback_group()
emaj.emaj_log_stat_groups() emaj.emaj_log_stat_group()
emaj.emaj_detailed_log_stat_groups() emaj.emaj_detailed_log_stat_group()
emaj.emaj_gen_sql_groups() emaj.emaj_gen_sql_group()
The parameters of multi-groups functions are the same as those of their related mono-group function, except the first one. The TEXT table group parameter is replaced by a TEXT ARRAY parameter representing a tables groups list.
Syntax for groups array
The SQL type of the <groups.array> parameter passed to the multi-groups functions is TEXT[ ], i.e. an array of text data.
According to SQL standard, there are 2 possible syntaxes to specify a groups array, using either braces { }, or the ARRAY function.
When using { and }, the full list is written between single quotes, then braces frame the comma separated elements list, each element been placed between double quotes. For instance, in our case, we can write:
' { "group 1" , "group 2" , "group 3" } '
The SQL function ARRAY builds an array of data. The list of values is placed between brackets [ ], and values are separated by comma. For instance, in our case, we can write:
ARRAY [ 'group 1' , 'group 2' , 'group 3' ]
Both syntax are equivalent.
Other considerations
The order of the groups in the groups list is not meaningful. During the E-Maj operation, the processing order of tables only depends on the priority level defined for each table, and, for tables having the same priority level, from the alphabetic order of their schema and table names.
It is possible to call a multi-groups function to process a list of … one group, or even an empty list. This may allows a set oriented build of this list, using for instance the array_agg() function.
A tables groups list may contain duplicate values, NULL values or empty strings. These NULL values or empty strings are simply ignored. If a tables group name is listed several times, only one occurrence is kept.
Format and usage of these functions are strictly equivalent to those of their twin-functions.
However, an additional condition exists for rollback functions: the supplied mark must correspond to the same point in time for all groups. In other words, this mark must have been set by the same emaj_set_mark_group() function call.


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A quasi-optical broadband terahertz detector using a zero bias Schottky diode mounted on a self-complimentary sinuous antenna has been developed. Design and characterization of this detector are described. Measurements show that a responsivity of _PHONE_ V/W covering the frequency range of 150-440 GHz has been achieved. The detector performance has been compared to waveguide detectors covering four frequency bands up to 600 GHz. A recent measurement at 600-900 GHz yielded the same output voltage as a waveguide detector. The noise equivalent power level of this detector is estimated to be 5-20 pW/√(Hz) based on the measurements of similar detectors.
Date of Publication: Sept. 2010


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Recently the active vibration control of flexible structure has become a major interest in many fields of research like mechanical engineering, civil engineering, and aerospace engineering. In flexible structures, it is difficult to estimate the parameters of the structure and dynamics of higher vibration modes exactly.
Such uncertainties often cause instability of active control systems. Therefore, the controller must be designed so as to be robust to such uncertainties, parameter variations and uncertain modes. Authors had already presented a design method of reduced-order robust vibration controller taking account of the parameter variations and the residual dynamics by utilizing Hinfinity / µ control theory . In the method, the controller is designed taking account of the effects of parameter variation, residual modes, and order reduction of controller.
This paper discusses the effectiveness of the presented controller design method for the benchmark building. Active Dynamic Vibration Absorber (ADVA) is applied as a control device. Computer simulations are carried out to verify the control performance of the obtained controller. The optimization of passive elements of ADVA is also discussed .
 T. Watanabe and K. Yoshida, A Design Method of Robust Controller for a Flexible Structure using Hinfinity /µ Control Theory, 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conference (Boston, U.S.A., 1995-9), Vol.3, Part C, pp.459-466.
 T. Watanabe and K. Yoshida, Robust Control of a Tower-Like Structure Subjected to Seismic Excitation Taking Account of Parameter Variations and Residual Dynamics, Eleventh World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, (1996-6, Mexico) Poster Session , Paper No.1529.
 T. Watanabe and K. Yoshida, Evaluation and Optimization of Parallel Hybrid Active Dynamic Vibration Absorbers, JSME International Journal, Vol.37, No.3, September 1994, Series C, pp.471-476.


' parameter to true can also lead to event handling in unexpected places if not used carefully.
On the other hand, if 'composed' is false, the event remains within the bounds of the shadow DOM. This can provide better isolation and control over event handling, restricting interaction between components and preventing event processing outside the designated area.
These parameters, 'bubbles' and 'composed,' provide flexibility in how events propagate and are handled in Lightning web components. Understanding their behavior can help you develop more efficient and effective strategies for communication between your components, promoting modular and maintainable code. For a more detailed understanding of their behavior and recommendations, we recommend referring to the official Salesforce documentation.
Lightning Web Components Developer Guide
Lightning message channel
Additionally, for communication between components, there is the Lightning Message Service (LMS) — an event-driven architecture that allows for message exchange with publishing and subscribing, enabling communication between unrelated components. LMS uses a 'message channel' to define communication between components. Components can publish messages on a specific message channel, and other components can subscribe to this channel to receive messages.
Let's consider an example of a shopping cart application where users can add items from multiple components. We can use LMS to communicate between components and update the cart when an item is added or removed.
Here is how we can use LMS to achieve this:
 - First, we need to create a message channel that will be used for communication between components. We can create a message channel using the 'messageChannel' module in LWC.
 - In Visual Studio Code, navigate to 'messageChannels,' create a new file, name it appropriately, and add '.messageChannel-meta.xml' at the end.
 - In the file, place the following XML:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<LightningMessageChannel xmlns="_URL_
 <masterLabel>cartChannel</masterLabel>
 <isExposed>true</isExposed>
 <description>Message Channel for cart updates</description>
 <lightningMessageFields>
 <name>cartItems</name>
 <description>Items in the cart</description>
 <type>Text</type>
 </lightningMessageFields>
</LightningMessageChannel>
 - Next, we need to create a publisher component that will publish messages on the 'cartChannel.' Let's assume we have a product list component where the user can add items to their cart. We can create a special event in the product list component that is triggered when the user adds an item to their cart. The event can contain details of the item added by the user, which can then be passed to the publisher component.
import { LightningElement, wire } from 'lwc';
import { publish, MessageContext } from 'lightning/messageService';
import CART_CHANNEL from '@salesforce/messageChannel/cartChannel__c';
export default class ProductListComponent extends LightningElement {
 @wire(MessageContext) messageContext;
 handleAddToCart(event) {
 const data = {
 name: event.detail.name,
 price: event.detail.price
 };
 const message = {
 data: data
 };
 publish(this.messageContext, CART_CHANNEL, message);
 }
}
In this example, we use the 'publish' method to publish a message on the 'cartChannel.' We pass the message context, message channel, and message itself as parameters to the 'publish' method.
Finally, we need to create a subscriber component that will listen for messages on the 'cartChannel' and update the cart accordingly.
import { LightningElement, wire } from 'lwc';
import { subscribe, MessageContext, unsubscribe } from 'lightning/messageService';
import CART_CHANNEL from '@salesforce/messageChannel/cartChannel__c';
export default class CartComponent extends LightningElement {
 @wire(MessageContext) messageContext;
 subscription;
 connectedCallback() {
 // Subscribe to the CART_CHANNEL
 this.subscription = subscribe(
 this.messageContext,
 CART_CHANNEL,
 (message) => {
 this.handleMessage(message);
 }
 );
 }
 handleMessage(message) {
 // Extract and handle data from the message
 const data = message.data;
 // Update the cart with the data received from the message
 }
 disconnectedCallback() {
 // Unsubscribe from the message channel when the component is disconnected
 unsubscribe(this.subscription);
 }
}
In this example, we use the 'subscribe' method to subscribe to the 'cartChannel' and listen for messages. When a message is received, the 'handleMessage' method is called, and we extract the data from the message using the 'data' property.
That's it! We have used LMS to communicate between unrelated components and update the cart each time an item is added or removed. Going forward, we can create more components that publish messages on the channel with information about adding products to the cart and using the same channel.
In conclusion, LMS can be a resource-intensive method of communication, and its usage should be avoided where possible. For more detailed information about LMS, refer to this article.
For example, the use of the "@api" annotation is ideal for passing data between parent and child components, as it offers a direct way to access the properties and methods of the child component.
On the other hand, events are useful for communication in the reverse direction, from child components to parent components. Additionally, with event listeners, we can simultaneously notify multiple components about changes in the state of our component.
The Lightning Message Service is recommended for data exchange between unrelated components that do not belong to the same hierarchy. It is also useful when a component needs to send a message to multiple components subscribed to the same message channel.
Lightning Web Components Developer Guide Part 3: To sum up
Carefully consider the use case and choose the appropriate communication method to ensure optimal performance and efficient data transmission between components.
So, if you are a Salesforce developer and have not yet explored the LWC framework, we strongly recommend giving it a try. With its powerful features and ease of use, it quickly becomes the preferred framework for building Lightning web components on the Salesforce platform.
In the next, final article of the series, we plan to delve into the communication of components with Salesforce and Apex, exploring their methods, advantages, disadvantages, and providing recommendations for their application.
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The members, staff, and board of the Yellow Dog Watershed Preserve are passionate about the Yellow Dog River, its watershed, and maintaining those high quality waterways and wilderness areas. We strive to inform, inspire, and engage the public, our local communities, and local government bodies. We do this by encouraging public participation in our seasonal activities and events and by attending and presenting at township meetings, advocating where necessary for changes or amendments to policy in order to protect our watershed.
In 2016, YDWP created the Yellow Dog Nature School whose mission is to provide outdoor nature based educational opportunities for students and the general public within and around the Yellow Dog Watershed. The Nature School holds workshops and environmental education classes on a variety of intriguing and creative topics designed to inspire participants to get involved with nature.
YDWP water quality program and education and outreach come together in the spring and fall of each year by gathering students and adults of all ages to come out and participate with water monitoring while learning about the larval stages of insects like dragonflies who live in our water systems and how these bugs are indicators of a river's health. Not only do participants learn about the aquatic stages of familiar bugs, they learn how to indentify other factors, like erosion or sedimentation that may indicate problems within the watershed. To further enhance water quality, YDWP offers opportunities for volunteers to plant native trees to help stabilize shorelines and to learn about and treat invasive plant species that may interfere with native plants and therefore natural wildlife habitat.
YDWP believes that experiential education is the best way to help build an active and informed multigenerational body of citizens who want to protect the land and the water that sustain them. Come out and join us!


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Washington: Researchers from the King Juan Carlos University (URJC) have found that spiders, like many other animal species, are suffering from habitat loss and human encroachment.
"The abundance and number of spider species is negatively affected by the impact of many human land uses, such as habitat fragmentation, fire and pesticides", said Samuel Prieto-Benítez and Marcos Mendez.
Until now, fewer than 20 percent of a total of 173 scientific papers published since 1980 have indicated any negative effects of human impact on arachnids.
The study demonstrates "evident" damaging effects on spider numbers due to the use of soil in farming and pasture systems. "In woodlands this was not so clear", the study explains.
The study proposes some solutions for spider conservation. A reduction in mechanical alterations to the land, such as harvesting, ploughing and grazing would increase spider diversity in agricultural and pastural ecosystems. In addition, the use of insecticides should be more controlled, as in organic farming, and habitat fragmentation should be avoided.
According to the authors, although "they do not enjoy an excessive level of public sympathy", spiders are an important animal group for humans, since they free us of a large number of pest insects and are "very important" predators in the functioning of natural systems.
The study has been published in Biological Conservation.
First Published: Sunday, May 22, 2011, 00:39


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Tsunami Recovery in Sri Lanka
Ethnic and Regional Dimensions
Edited by Dennis B. McGilvray, Michele R. Gamburd
Published March 9th 2010 by Routledge – 208 pages
The Indian Ocean Tsunami, which devastated 70 percent of Sri Lanka's coastline and killed an estimated 35,000 people, was remarkable both for the magnitude of the disaster and for the unprecedented scale of the relief and recovery operations mounted by national and international agencies. The reconstruction process was soon hampered by political patronage, by the competing efforts of hundreds of foreign humanitarian organizations, and by the ongoing civil war.
The book is framed within this larger political and social context, offering descriptions and comparisons between two regions (southwest vs. eastern coast) and four ethnic communities (Sinhalese, Tamils, Muslims, and Burghers) to illustrate how disaster relief unfolded in a culturally pluralistic political landscape. Approaching the issue from four disciplinary perspectives - anthropology, demography, political science, and disaster studies - chapters by experts in the field analyse regional and ethnic patterns of post-tsunami reconstruction according to different sectors of Sri Lankan society. Demonstrating the key importance of comprehending the local cultural contexts of disaster recovery processes, the book is a timely and useful contribution to the existing literature.
Part 1: Overview and Context 1. Introduction Michele R. Gamburd and Dennis B. McGilvray 2. Building the Conflict Back Better: The Politics of Tsunami Relief and Reconstruction in Sri Lanka Alan Keenan 3. Conflict, Coastal Vulnerability, and Resiliency in Tsunami-Affected Communities Randall Kuhn Part 2: Ethnographic Materials 4. The Golden Wave: Discourses on the Equitable Distribution of Tsunami Aid on Sri Lanka's Southwest Coast Michele R. Gamburd 5. The Sea Goddess and the Fishermen: Religion and Recovery in Navalady, Sri Lanka Patricia Lawrence 6. Dreaming of Dowry: Post-Tsunami Housing Strategies in Eastern Sri Lanka Dennis B. McGilvray and Patricia Lawrence Part 3: Disaster Studies 7. Actors in a Masala Movie: Fieldnotes on the NGO Tsunami Response in Eastern Sri Lanka Timmo Gaasbeek 8. Principles Ignored and Lessons Unlearned: A Disaster Studies Perspective on the Tsunami Experience in Sri Lanka Georg E. Frerks 9. Conclusion Michele R. Gamburd and Dennis B. McGilvray
Dennis B. McGilvray is Professor and Chair of the Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado at Boulder. His research focuses on Tamil-speaking Hindus and Muslims of eastern Sri Lanka, including caste identities, matrilineal family patterns, popular religious traditions, and ethnic conflict. He is the author of Crucible of Conflict: Tamil and Muslim Society on the East Coast of Sri Lanka (Duke 2008)
Michele R. Gamburd is Professor of Anthropology at Portland State University. She has performed ethnographic research in Sri Lanka since 1992 and her theoretical interests focus on globalization, gender relations, violence, and social change. Her most recent book is Breaking the Ashes: The Culture of Illicit Liquor in Sri Lanka (Cornell 2008)


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Guide Dogs NSW/ACT continually surveys people who use our services, and has identified road crossings as the greatest concern to clients.
Comments one client: "Crossing the road is a matter of life or death for me. It's bad enough having bad eye sight, without having broken bones..."
Poorly designed or constructed road crossings are the single most hazardous aspect in the built environment for people who have impaired vision. To ensure that everyone in the community is able to cross a road safely, the following factors should be considered during road construction:
When crossing a road, people who have impaired vision often use the kerb ramp to align themselves and then walk in a straight line to the other side. If the ramp does not align squarely with the kerb, it can lead people on an angle into the roadway, rather than directly across the street.
It is important, therefore, that:
- Kerb ramps align squarely with the direction of road traffic;
- Kerb ramps on either side of the road are directly aligned with each other;
- Kerb ramps align with pedestrian refuge islands.
A blended kerb is one in which there is no significant drop from the footpath to street level; the path simply flows onto the road.
This is an issue for people who are blind or have impaired vision. They rely on traditional kerbs and kerb ramps to indicate where the footpath ends and the road begins. With a blended kerb, they can find themselves in the middle of the road without knowing that they have left the footpath.
While blended kerbs provide easy transition for sighted people with mobility difficulties, they create great problems and are very dangerous to people who have impaired vision.
One way to improve safety in this scenario is to install tactile ground surface indicators (TGSI) between where the footpath ends and the road begins. This will alert people who have impaired vision that they are about to step onto a road.
Pedestrian Refuge Islands
A pedestrian refuge island is a small concrete or paved island in the middle of a road that allows people to cross in stages. However, if the island is the same level and surface as the road, people who have impaired vision may be unable to identify where the refuge ends and the road starts.
The NSW Roads and Traffic Authority has developed specifications for the construction of refuge islands in NSW.
Tactile ground surface indicators (TGSI) provide information that enables people who have impaired vision to locate a refuge island either tactually or using their residual vision.
Audio Tactile Systems
Audio-tactile push-button signals (ATS) are located at pedestrian crossings and are used to indicate when traffic lights have changed to a walk phase. These signals are particularly useful for people who are blind or have impaired vision.
The tactile signal is detected through the plate immediately above the push button. When the pedestrian walk signal is red or in the "Don't Walk" phase, it emits slow beeps and the tactile plate pulses slowly. When the pedestrian walk signal is green or in the "Walk" phase, the control emits faster beeps and the tactile plate pulses rapidly.
The tactile information is useful when ambient noise levels are high, or when the person using the signal does not have good hearing.
When installing the push button control on a pole, the pole should be placed within easy reach of the kerb ramp or crossing point wherever possible. The directional arrow on the push plate provides information to the person who is unable to see the direction of the crossing and therefore should be positioned within easy reach. If the push button is located away from the crossing, the audio signal may not be able to be heard.
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