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clush.conf(5) [debian man page]
CLUSH.CONF(5) ClusterShell User Manual CLUSH.CONF(5)
NAME
clush.conf - Configuration file for clush DESCRIPTION
clush(1) obtains configuration options from the following sources in the following order: 1. command-line options 2. user configuration file (~/.clush.conf) 3. system-wide configuration file (/etc/clustershell/clush.conf) For each parameter, the first obtained value will be used. The configuration file has a format in the style of RFC 822 composed of one main section: Main Program options definition [Main] Configuration parameters of the Main section are described below. fanout Size of the sliding window of ssh connectors. connect_timeout Timeout in seconds to allow a connection to establish. This parameter is passed to ssh. If set to 0, no timeout occurs. command_timeout Timeout in seconds to allow a command to complete since the connection has been established. This parameter is passed to ssh. In addition, the ClusterShell library ensures that any commands complete in less than ( connect_timeout + command_timeout ). If set to 0, no timeout occurs. color Whether to use ANSI colors to surround node or nodeset prefix/header with escape sequences to display them in color on the terminal. Valid arguments are never, always or auto (which use color if standard output/error refer to a terminal). Colors are set to [34m (blue foreground text) for stdout and [31m (red foreground text) for stderr, and cannot be modified. fd_max Maximum number of open file descriptors permitted per clush process (soft resource limit for open files). This limit can never exceed the system (hard) limit. The fd_max (soft) and system (hard) limits should be high enough to run clush, although their values depend on your fanout value. history_size Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the GNU readline history list. Negative values imply unlimited history file size. node_count Should clush display additional (node count) information in buffer header? (yes/no) verbosity Set the verbosity level: 0 (quiet), 1 (default), 2 (verbose) or more (debug). ssh_user Set the ssh user to use for remote connection (default is to not specify). ssh_path Set the ssh binary path to use for remote connection (default is /usr/bin/ssh). ssh_options Set additional options to pass to the underlying ssh command. EXAMPLES
Simple configuration file. clush.conf [Main] fanout: 128 connect_timeout: 15 command_timeout: 0 history_size: 100 color: auto fd_max: 10240 node_count: yes FILES
~/.clush.conf This is the per-user configuration file. /etc/clustershell/clush.conf System-wide configuration file. HISTORY
As of ClusterShell version 1.3, the External section has been removed from clush.conf. External commands whose outputs were used by clush (-a, -g, -X) are now handled by the library itself and defined in groups.conf(5). SEE ALSO
clush(1), nodeset(1), groups.conf(5) _URL_ AUTHOR
Stephane Thiell, CEA DAM <_EMAIL_> COPYRIGHT
CeCILL-C V1 1.6 2012-02-15 CLUSH.CONF(5)
Check Out this Related Man Page
GROUPS.CONF(5) ClusterShell User Manual GROUPS.CONF(5)
NAME
groups.conf - Configuration file for ClusterShell external node groups DESCRIPTION
The ClusterShell library obtains node groups configuration options from the system-wide configuration file /etc/clustershell/groups.conf. Additional configuration files are also read from the directories set by the groupsdir option, if present. See the groupsdir option below for further details. Configuration files have a format in the style of RFC 822 potentially composed of several sections which may be present in any order. There are two types of sections: Main and Group source: Main Global configuration options. There should be only one Main section. Group_source The Group_source section(s) define the configuration for each node group source (or namespace). This configuration consists in external commands definition (map, all, list and reverse). Only Group_source section(s) are allowed in additional configuration files. [Main] OPTIONS Configuration parameters of the Main section are described below. default Specify the default group source (group namespace) used by the NodeSet parser when the user does not explicitly specify the group source (eg. "@io"). groupsdir Optional list of directories where the ClusterShell library should look for .conf files which define group sources to use. Each file in these directories with the .conf suffix should contain one or more Group_source sections as documented in [Group_source] options below. These will be merged with the group sources defined in /etc/clustershell/groups.conf to form the complete set of group sources that ClusterShell will use. Duplicate Group_source sections are not allowed. Note: .conf files that are not readable by the current user are ignored. [Group_source] OPTIONS Configuration parameters of each group source section are described below. map Specify the external shell command used to resolve a group name into a nodeset, list of nodes or list of nodeset (separated by space characters or by carriage returns). The variable $GROUP is replaced before executing the command. all Optional external shell command that should return a nodeset, list of nodes or list of nodeset of all nodes for this group source. If not specified, the library will try to resolve all nodes by using the list external command in the same group source followed by map for each group. list Optional external shell command that should return the list of all groups for this group source (separated by space characters or by carriage returns). reverse Optional external shell command used to find the group(s) of a single node. The variable $NODE is previously replaced. If this upcall is not specified, the reverse operation is computed in memory by the library from the list and map external calls. Also, if the number of nodes to reverse is greater than the number of available groups, the reverse external command is avoided automati- cally. When the library executes a group source external shell command, the current working directory is previously set to the corresponding groupsdir. This allows the use of relative paths for third party files in the command. Each external command might return a non-zero return code when the operation is not doable. But if the call return zero, for instance, for a non-existing group, the user will not receive any error when trying to resolve such unknown group. The desired behaviour is up to the system administrator. RESOURCE USAGE
All external command results are cached in memory to avoid multiple calls. EXAMPLES
Simple configuration file for local groups and slurm partitions binding. groups.conf [Main] default: local #groupsdir: /etc/clustershell/groups.conf.d/ [local] map: sed -n 's/^$GROUP:(.*)/1/p' /etc/clustershell/groups list: sed -n 's/^([0-9A-Za-z_-]*):.*/1/p' /etc/clustershell/groups [slurm] map: sinfo -h -o "%N" -p $GROUP all: sinfo -h -o "%N" list: sinfo -h -o "%P" reverse: sinfo -h -N -o "%P" -n $NODE FILES
/etc/clustershell/groups.conf System-wide external node groups configuration file. /etc/clustershell/groups.conf.d/ Recommended directory for additional configuration files. SEE ALSO
clush(1), clubak(1), nodeset(1) _URL_ AUTHOR
Stephane Thiell, CEA DAM <_EMAIL_> COPYRIGHT
CeCILL-C V1 1.6 2012-03-31 GROUPS.CONF(5)
Man Page


text:
||Higher-Dimensional general Jacobi identities I
It was shown by the author [International Journal of Theoretical Physics 36 (1997), _PHONE_] in synthetic differential geometry that what is called the general Jacobi identity obtaining in microcubes underlies the Jacobi identity of vector fields. It is well known in the theory of Lie algebras that a plethora of higher-dimensional generalizations of the Jacobi identity hold, though it is usually established not as a direct derivation from the axioms of Lie algebras but by making an appeal to the so-called Poincar\'e-Birkhoff-Witt theorem. The general Jacobi identity was rediscovered by Kirill Mackenzie in the second decade of this century [Geometric Methods in Physics, 357-366, Birkh\"auser/Springer 2013]. The principal objective in this paper is to investigate a four-dimensional generalization of the general Jacobi identity in detail. In a subsequent paper we will propose a uniform method for establishing a bevy of higher-dimensional generalizations of the Jacobi identity under a single umbrella.
[v1] A four-dimensional generalization of the general Jacobi identity[v2] タイトル変更

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
In the vast expanse of the natural world, where the skies meet the earth, a delicate dance unfolds between two majestic creatures. High above, the eagle soars with grace, its keen eyes scanning the landscape below.
In stark contrast, the sloth moves languidly through the dense foliage, its slow and deliberate movements a testament to its arboreal existence.
These two beings, seemingly worlds apart, are connected by the intricate web of nature's food chain.
The question lingers in the minds of curious observers: Do eagles, with their powerful beaks and talons, partake in the consumption of these gentle sloths?
In this article, we delve into the diet of eagles, the behavior and characteristics of sloths, their shared habitats, and the rare instances of eagle-sloth interactions.
By examining the scientific evidence and exploring the intricacies of these two creatures' lives, we seek to shed light on the captivating question: Do eagles eat sloths?
Table of Contents
- 1 Key Takeaways
- 2 Do Eagles Eat Sloths
- 3 The Diet of Eagles
- 4 Sloth Behavior and Characteristics
- 5 Eagle and Sloth Habitat
- 6 Eagle Predation Patterns
- 7 Sloths as Prey for Eagles
- 8 Eagle and Sloth Coexistence
- 9 Sloth Defense Mechanisms
- 10 Eagle Feeding Preferences
- 11 Sloth Vulnerability to Predators
- 12 Rare Instances of Eagle-Sloth Interactions
- 13 Conclusion: Do Eagles Eat Sloths?
- 14 Frequently Asked Questions
- 14.1 How do eagles catch sloths?
- 14.2 Are sloths the primary prey for eagles?
- 14.3 What are the main factors that determine whether an eagle will attack a sloth?
- 14.4 Do eagles have any specific hunting techniques when targeting sloths?
- 14.5 Are there any recorded cases of eagles successfully hunting and consuming sloths?
- 15 Author
- Eagles and sloths coexist in the same habitat but occupy different niches.
- Sloths have evolved specialized adaptations to avoid detection by predators.
- Eagles primarily target smaller prey but sloths can become vulnerable due to their slow movement and limited defenses.
- Instances of interactions between eagles and sloths are rare due to their distinct habitats and dietary preferences.
Do Eagles Eat Sloths
Sloths, being arboreal mammals that mainly consume leaves, are not a typical part of the eagle's diet. However, occasional opportunistic predation or scavenging behavior cannot be completely ruled out.
The Diet of Eagles
The dietary habits of eagles encompass a diverse range of prey, including but not limited to small mammals, birds, fish, and reptiles.
Eagles are known for their exceptional hunting techniques, which enable them to capture a wide variety of prey.
Sloths, on the other hand, are known for their slow and deliberate feeding habits, primarily consisting of leaves and fruits.
Despite eagles being capable of preying on small mammals, there is limited evidence of eagles actively hunting sloths.
This could be attributed to the sloth's arboreal behavior and characteristics, such as their slow movements and well-camouflaged fur.
Transitioning into the subsequent section about sloth behavior and characteristics, it is important to explore their unique adaptations and survival strategies.
Sloth Behavior and Characteristics
The slow and deliberate nature of sloths is a characteristic that sets them apart from other animals. Sloths move at a very slow pace, spending most of their time hanging upside down from trees.
This slow movement is a result of their low metabolic rate, which allows them to conserve energy and survive on a diet of leaves.
In addition to their slow movement, sloths have developed various ways to protect themselves from predators.
One of the most notable defense mechanisms is their ability to camouflage with their surroundings.
The fur of sloths is covered in algae, which helps them blend in with the trees and makes them difficult to spot.
Furthermore, sloths have long, curved claws that they use to grip onto branches, making it challenging for predators to dislodge them.
Overall, the slow and deliberate nature of sloths, combined with their ability to camouflage and their strong grip, allows them to survive in their natural habitat and avoid potential threats.
The Slow and Deliberate Nature of Sloths
Characterized by their leisurely pace and deliberate movements, sloths possess a unique ability to captivate spectators with their unhurried demeanor, akin to a gentle dance performed in slow motion.
Sloths are known for their remarkably slow movement patterns, which allow them to conserve energy in their arboreal habitat.
Their slow and deliberate movements are a result of their specialized physiology and low metabolic rate.
Sloths have adapted to their environment by developing long and powerful limbs, which enable them to hang upside down from tree branches for extended periods without expending much energy.
Their slow pace also serves as a defensive mechanism against predators, such as eagles, as it makes them less noticeable and harder to catch.
Now, let's explore how sloths protect themselves from their aerial adversaries.
How Sloths Protect Themselves
Sloths employ a variety of strategies to ensure their survival in the face of aerial predators. These slow-moving creatures have developed several mechanisms to protect themselves from eagle attacks.
- Sloth camouflage: Sloths have a unique fur coloration that helps them blend in with their surroundings, making it difficult for eagles to spot them among the tree branches.
- Cryptic behavior: Sloths minimize their movements and remain motionless for long periods, making it challenging for eagles to detect them.
- Arboreal lifestyle: Sloths spend most of their time in trees, where they are well adapted for climbing and maneuvering. This makes it harder for eagles to reach them.
- Hanging upside down: Sloths hang from tree branches upside down, which makes it even more challenging for eagles to approach them.
- Defensive adaptations: Sloths have sharp claws that they can use to defend themselves if an eagle gets too close.
These unique strategies contribute to the sloth's ability to evade eagle-hunting techniques.
Transitioning into the subsequent section about 'eagle and sloth habitat', it is important to understand how these two species coexist in their shared environment.
Eagle and Sloth Habitat
Located high in the canopies of rainforests, where dense vegetation and towering trees dominate the landscape, sloths find themselves in a habitat that is well-suited for their slow-paced lifestyle.
The eagle and sloth cohabitation is influenced by the destruction of their habitat.
As the rainforests are cleared for human activities such as agriculture and logging, both species are forced to adapt to the changing environment.
This habitat destruction has a significant impact on eagle and sloth populations, as their survival and reproductive success are closely tied to the availability of suitable habitat.
The loss of trees and vegetation reduces the sloths' ability to move freely and find food, while also limiting the eagles' hunting grounds.
As a result, both species face increased challenges in finding resources and establishing territories.
This habitat degradation ultimately affects the balance between eagles and sloths, leading to changes in their predation patterns.
Eagle Predation Patterns
Rainforests, being home to a diverse range of species, witness a fascinating interplay between predators and prey, with eagles displaying distinct predation patterns.
Sloths, known for their slow-moving nature and arboreal lifestyle, are one of the prey species targeted by eagles.
Eagles employ various hunting strategies to capture sloths, taking advantage of their ability to fly and their acute vision.
They often perch on high branches or use thermal updrafts to survey the surrounding area for potential prey.
Once a sloth is located, eagles swoop down with remarkable speed and precision, using their sharp talons to seize the sloth. This predation pattern showcases the aerial superiority and hunting prowess of eagles.
Transitioning into the subsequent section about 'sloths as prey for eagles,' it is crucial to explore the adaptations of sloths that allow them to survive in the face of such predation pressure.
Sloths as Prey for Eagles
One of the remarkable features of sloths that allows them to survive in the face of predation pressure from aerial predators is their unique anatomy and physiology.
Sloths, with their slow and deliberate movements, are not easy prey for eagles.
However, eagles have developed various hunting strategies to catch sloths. They often target sloths when they are on the ground, as sloths are vulnerable and less agile in this position.
Eagles use their sharp talons to grasp the sloth and carry it away to a safe location where they can feed undisturbed.
Additionally, eagles may also attack sloths while they are hanging from trees, swooping down, and using their powerful beaks to deliver a lethal blow.
The coexistence between eagles and sloths is a complex dynamic that involves both predation and adaptation.
Eagle and Sloth Coexistence
The coexistence between eagles and sloths is an interesting topic to explore, as these two species share the same habitat.
Their relationship is influenced by various factors that impact their interactions. One such factor is the scarcity of food resources, which can lead to competition between the two species.
Additionally, the eagles' predatory nature and the sloths' slow movements also play a role in shaping their relationship.
Inhabiting the same ecosystem, eagles and sloths coexist harmoniously due to their distinct ecological niches.
While both species share the same habitat, they have evolved to occupy different niches within it, minimizing direct interaction.
Eagles, being predatory birds, primarily inhabit the upper canopy layer of the forest, where they hunt for small mammals, birds, and reptiles.
On the other hand, sloths spend most of their time in the middle and lower canopy layers, feeding on leaves and occasionally descending to the forest floor to defecate.
This spatial separation and differences in diet reduce competition between the two species

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Temperature variability within Makassar Strait
Article first published online: 7 DEC 2012
Copyright 2000 by the American Geophysical Union.
Geophysical Research Letters
Volume 27, Issue 2, pages 237–240, 15 January 2000
How to Cite
- Issue published online: 7 DEC 2012
- Article first published online: 7 DEC 2012
- Manuscript Accepted: 11 NOV 1999
- Manuscript Received: 9 JUL 1999
Recent mooring observations of ocean temperature provide the first high resolution, long term record of temperature variability in the Makassar Strait of the Indonesian Seas. The mooring observations span the entire cycle of the strong 1997/1998 El Niño. A high correlation (r = 0.67) is found between variability in the average thermocline temperature, to variability in the southward Makassar volume transport: during high (low) volume transport, the average temperature of the thermocline is also high (low). In addition, from nearly 15 years of XBT data, the Makassar thermocline temperature is shown to be highly correlated (r = 0.77) to SOI. This reveals that the Makassar temperature field–when coupled with the throughflow–transmits the equatorial Pacific El Niño and La Niña temperature fluctuations into the Indian Ocean. The ENSO variability in the internal energy transport is calculated: 0.63 PW during the La Niña months of December 1996 through February 1997, and 0.39 PW during the El Niño months of December 1997 through February 1998.


text:
|A knight and lady|
The First Estate, while touting their chivalry and way of life, often oppressed the peasantry. With no representation, education, or means of communication, the peasantry was easily isolated and subjugated. In this way the First Estate lost the faith of the people of France. Though the First Estate was able to keep their hold on society for a long time, that time was soon to come to an end.


What I want to do is putting in high-pass filter effect on each image constituting a video by using Adobe Premiere Pro 13.1.2.
Premiere Pro has a high-pass filter for audios but it does not have a high-pass filter for videos as far as I can see. Photoshop does.
I also have AfterEffects; the way to use it is welcome as well.
Any idea?
Thanks in advance.
The high pass plugin in Photoshop doesn't exist natively in After Effects or Premiere. The Find Edges tool approximates the kind of effect you're after, but given that it's for a scientific assessment of something, probably won't work for you: mona lisa with Find Edges applied
You could try something like the Unsharp Mask in After Effects or Premiere, and then apply it back to the original image using a Difference mode - gives this kind of effect:
enter image description here
If the high pass is what you need, I would export the video as an image sequence, then Automate a Batch in Photoshop to apply it (probably overnight).
What do you consider a high-pass filter for videos if I may ask?
When talking about audio, the high pass filter operates similar to a low-cut, in that it cuts away the lowest frequencies of the audio spectrum and lets the high frequencies pass.
Are you looking for curves? You can adjust the shadows and the highlights of an image (which wouldn't be called high-pass or something similar tho). You can do that using lumetri color. However, comparing to a high-pass, low-cut, low-pass or high-cut, the curves don't actually cut away the brightest or darkest areas, that way you would blow out the highs and crush the blacks, which would result in a fault, not really a stylistic choice but rather actually breaking the image.
If you tell us what you want to achieve with this filter we might be able to tell you the correct name and where to find it.
 - 1
 Photoshops High Pass Filter selects all edges so you can only apply sharpening to those. – Timothy Lukas H. May 29 '19 at 11:25
 - The video I want to apply a high pass filter is one which is generated from a kind of scientific instrument and contains scientific data. Each frame of the video has high-frequency patterns, signals I care about, and low-frequency patterns, the noise. To extract the high-frequency patterns from each frame of the movie, I want to apply a high-pass filter in PremierePro. If it's impossible, I would convert the video into a bunch of still frames and take them to Photoshop and apply the high-pass filter in Photoshop. Then, let Premiere Pro load the images as a sequence and export as a video. – Taiki Bessho May 31 '19 at 6:52
Your Answer


Bunyan and Banjoes (with CD)
Bunyan and Banjoes is an enchanting potpourri of folklore, songs, Indian legends, recipes, history, and other Michigan-based activities. This volume includes stories about how maple sugar is made; the history of the early fur trade, mining, logging, and automobile industries; the building of the Mackinac Bridge and the Soo Locks; the sad loss of the steamer Chicora; as well as several songs adapted to sign language. CD of songs included.


text: You probably saw some rising happen in the straws containing Control dough. This is because flour is a starch. Starches contain glucose, a form of sugar (this is why a saltine cracker tastes a little sweet if you let it sit on your tongue for a while; the enzymes in your saliva break the cracker starch down into glucose and other simpler molecules). So even though you didn't add any sugar to the Control dough, it already contained some for the yeast to munch on. However, because the amount of sugar in this dough was much less than in the others, less carbon dioxide could be made by the yeast in this batch and the dough couldn't rise as much in comparison.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Engineering capstone courses are the ultimate learning activity in an engineering undergraduate program, designed to teach students a variety of valuable skills linked to using technology to solve problems. The course should teach: teamwork, engineering design, problem solving, communications and project management. Unfortunately Capstone outcomes can fail to achieve potential, through solving poor problems, discounting user feedback, and ignoring technology viability. TechConnect is designed to run in parallel with a Capstone Course, and address these issues.
- Use Design Thinking principles/Jobs-To-Be-Done framework, to identify potential problems that can be addressed by technology
- Refine/validate identified problem to be clear on problem you are solving, for whom it is being solved & how success is measured.
- Use structured process to validate each stage of development, from idea/job being done to value proposition & business model.
- Understand roles of different decision makers in the adoption process, and identify specific barriers to adoption to be addressed.
- Enhance the design specification to overcome these barriers or to meet the technical requirements of a proposed business model
- Learn to use customer discovery techniques to gather evidence to validate each stage of the technology development in capstone project
Four workshops over term, in parallel with capstone project:
- Problem identification / refinement
- Identifying value proposition
- Understanding barriers to adoption
- Technology/Business model options
- Importance of technology commercialization
- Evidenced based technology commercialization
- Design Thinking
- Jobs To Be Done
- Value Proposition Canvas
- Stakeholder Analysis
- Customer Discovery
- Market Segmentation
- Barriers to Adoption
- First Customers
- Technology/Service Offerings
- Alternate Business Models
- Licensing versus Venture Creation
- Critical Factors for Venture Success
The course is offered to undergraduate students completing their Capstone Projects. Each lesson (usually 30 minutes) provides a structured guideline to complement the Capstone Course, where student teams are required to complete a worksheet, & share it with their colleagues and faculty.
Dr. Andrew Maxwell received his Ph.D. in Management Science at the University of Waterloo in 2011, winning the Academy of Management's Heizer Award. Prior to this he completed an MBA at London Business School, and a B.Sc. (Eng.) in Electrical Engineering from Imperial College London. He has been Chief Innovation Officer at the Canadian Innovation Centre for the past 15 years, developing and delivering innovative and entrepreneurial programs and structured experiential courses.
He developed the TechConnect approach with Dr. Mcnamee, while at the Fox School of Business, and College of Engineering at Temple University (Philadelphia). It has since been deployed as one day workshops, as complements to undergraduate capstone engineering courses, and as a graduate course. In addition the methodology has also been deployed at a number of technology industry associations, with university technology transfer offices, inside specialist venture firms and in private and public research and development organizations. Users of the process find this approach illuminating, enhancing their understanding of the challenges of developing new technologies that will be used by users, and the need to better understand the psychology and emotions of potential users and other stakeholders. Organizations deploying this process often see a four-fold increase in the number of research projects reaching first customer.


The purpose of the Discovery Call program is to help clarify your unique participation & leadership within One Nation and the world.
Your unique expression of leadership is a combination of your background, interests, skills, enjoyment and aspirations deployed within the context and mission of One Nation.
This process of discovery typically follows the following stages.
Screen Shot 2019-08-11 at 4.12.33 PM.png
 - In this phase, it is best to explore your background, skills, interest and the types of things you would like to experience and the ways in which you would like to grow and participate.
 - Is there a particular skill or capacity you are interested in developing?
 - What are you most interested in creating, with or without the context of One Nation?
 - Do you feel like your whole life experience has been preparing you for something? What?
 - What types of creative activities are most intrinsically rewarding/ fulfilling/ fun for you
 - OUTCOME: General sense of participation categories of interest. I.e. 'I like helping to connect people, research, and I love the Los Angeles area.'
 - You are now ready to explore some scenarios in which your unique interests could be expressed as participation and leadership within the network.
 - What is something you would like to do with or without involvement with One Nation?
 - What path of engagement would help you cultivate a skill/ capacity that is meaningful to you?
 - If you could wave a magic wand and accomplish anything for the network, what would it be?
 - What limitation of the current state of One Nation are you most attuned to? Is it possible that you may be able to fill the gap you see?
 - What is the boldest expression of leadership within One Nation that you can imagine!?
 - Of the opportunities we just explored, which most excites you?
 - OUTCOME: Answer the question, if I could do anything within the One Nation network, what would be the most fun? Yes, invent something new and trust your instincts.
 - Now, hold a possibility of engagement and consider it thoughtfully. You can now share this possibility with your call partners to further flush it out and get additional perspectives. Also consider posting this possibility in the One Nation Community group to get feedback from others.
 - Would you consider making a post on the One Nation Community group to share your thinking thus far, and get insight from the org team and other members?
 - OUTCOME: Be able to clearly state the possibility of engagement and converse with others about the viability of it.
 - Once the avenue of engagement is beginning to shape up, you can begin to prepare for action. Can you draft an action plan? What does your call partner think would be good steps to prepare for action? What needs to be thought through; who should you communicate with; and, what would be the path towards taking the next step?
 - What would be the next step to take action on that idea?
 - What support would you need to take the next step?
 - Do you feel you have any personal blocks keeping you back from your leadership/participation?
 - What experiment could you run to learn more about the idea you have?
 - What would be the smallest version of the idea you could take action on without delay or any dependencies?
 - Who would you like to/ should you speak to about this?
 - How could your interest in participating integrate into existing functions/ efforts/ activities/ plans/ needs/ roadmap within the network?
 - OUTCOME: You are ready to take the first/ next step of action.
 - In the action phase you are clear what you are doing and you are taking action. You are sharing with your call partner the action you are taking and using your call time to discuss what is working, where there may be room for improvement, what is next and any challenges you are facing.
 - What are you learning from the action you are taking?
 - What are your next steps?
 - Who do you want to connect to next regarding this?
 - Are there any concerns, blindspots, liabilities you have not yet accounted for?
 - Where would you like this to go from here?
 - OUTCOME: You are a fully engaged One Nation member in a way that feels fulfilling and exciting.
 1. Receive the bi-weekly program email and identify your call partner for this round.
 2. Read his/her bio.
 3. Text or email your partner on Sunday or Monday to schedule your 60 min call.
 4. Identify the mode of connection: phone, Facetime, Zoom, other.
 1. When you start your call, greet your partner, identify which of the 5 stages of discovery you are in and determine who will go first.
 2. Focus on achieving the outcome of your respective stage, while supporting your partner in achieving the outcome of their respective stage.
 3. Restate the progress made on the call and where you will pick up with your next assignee.
 4. Feel free to connect in any and all other ways that feel natural and consensual.
 1. Once the call has occurred take one minute to mark on Column B that the call occurred (Y) and add any comments about your call experience in Column A.
 - Move forward from your last call, don't simply repeat the same information as you did in your previous call. This process is designed to move forward!
If your partners never communicate with you while you attempt to schedule OR if they do schedule and are a no-show for the call, please write that into the notes in Column A so we can administer accordingly. Please stay positive about the program, receive your next assignment, and go forward.
You are encouraged to make posts in the One Nation Community Facebook Group to share your process and seek feedback, especially regarding stage 3. Also, once you are well into stage 5, please make a post letting us all know the result of the program and what your One Nation participation has become!
If you have any questions about the program itself, if you cannot participate in an upcoming round for any reason, if you would like to request a call assignment with any particular person, or particular type of person (perhaps based on location, interest or expertise) or if you are complete with the program and want to remove yourself from the bi-weekly call assignments, please email _EMAIL_.


text:
Food quality of anemophilous plant pollen for zooplankton
Limnol. Oceanogr., 56(3), 2011, 939-946 | DOI: 10.4319/lo.2011.56.3.0939
ABSTRACT: Pollen rain can lead to considerable allochthonous particulate organic carbon input into freshwater systems. However, the importance of allochthonous pollen deposition for zooplankton production has not so far been considered. Here, standardized growth experiments were performed to assess the quality of pollen from three species (Alnus sp., Populus sp., and Cedrus sp.) as a food source for two cladocerans (Daphnia longispina and Simocephalus vetulus). Although lipid analysis revealed high polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents in pollen, both cladoceran species exhibited suboptimal development when directly fed on pollen (ranging from 0.2 d−1 to 0.3 d−1). The low food value of pollen was attributed to the presence of a refractory wall reducing its digestibility. In a second set of experiments, cladocerans were fed on a mixture of heterotrophic microorganisms (bacteria, chytrids, and protozoa) that had grown on pollen grains (Cedrus sp.). The introduction of microorganisms as an intermediate trophic level resulted in cladoceran growth rates that were about double those obtained on pollen alone. Hence, our findings suggest that pollen carbon could sustain zooplankton growth indirectly, and highlight the key role of microorganisms, and especially of chytrids, in transferring and upgrading pollen PUFA to higher trophic levels.


Taglierini or tagliolini are a type of thin tagliatelle that are traditionally made in skeins: in the past they were measured with an overturned mug. A version of taglierini made with egg also exists, as does a longer version called "erba di mare" in some coastal areas.
The use of eggs to make taglierini is now prevalent in Italy, but there is also a tradition of preparing the dough with just wholemeal flour, water and salt. Tagliati pelosi or "tajuli pilusi" made this way are still a speciality of the Marche region today. They are said to be hairy (pelosi in Italian) because of the veil that forms on the surface after cooking due to the lack of eggs.
Ideal with
Taglierini are wonderful both on their own combined with delicate sauces based on fish or vegetables, as well as in soups. In Romagna, taglierini are traditionally baked in the dish known as basotti (or bassotti) seasoned with butter and Parmesan cheese.
Giovanni Fabbri suggests enjoying these taglierini with a sauce with a butter and truffle base.


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In genetic studies, the variation in genotypes may not only affect different inheritance patterns in qualitative traits, but may also affect the age-at-onset as quantitative trait. In this article, we use standard cross designs, such as backcross or F2, to propose some hazard regression models, namely, the additive hazards model in quantitative trait loci mapping for age-at-onset, although the developed method can be extended to more complex designs. With additive invariance of the additive hazards models in mixture probabilities, we develop flexible semiparametric methodologies in interval regression mapping without heavy computing burden. A recently developed multiple comparison procedures is adapted to identify the QTL in dense maps. The proposed methodologies will be evaluated by simulation studies and demonstrated in an actual data analysis of forest tree growth.
Genetics | Statistical Methodology | Statistical Models | Statistical Theory | Survival Analysis
Chen, Ying Qing; Hu, Chengcheng; and Wu, Rongling, "Semiparametric Quantitative-Trait-Locus Mapping: II. on Censored Age-at-Onset" (July 2004). U.C. Berkeley Division of Biostatistics Working Paper Series. Working Paper 152.


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Item code: MTS-305
Pygmy Type Water Current Meter
Pigmy Water Current Meter : Magnetic Type :Pygmy water Current Meter is used for Stream-flow measurements in shallow streams, flumes and small channels, where the velocity of water does not exceed 1m/sec. The principle of operation is based on the proportionality between the velocity of water and the resulting angular velocity of the meter rotor. By placing a current meter at a point in a stream by Wadding rod and counting the number of revolutions of the rotor during a measured interval of time, the velocity of water at that point is more...
Complete with accessories in box. Duly calibrated by Govt. Lab


How long does completing an Assessment take?
While the length of the Assessments varies, most test modules take 10 minutes or less. For example, if an employer has opted to combine two 10-minute test modules, your assessment could take you a total of 20 minutes to complete.
To ensure you have plenty of time, we recommend setting aside 30 minutes where you can focus uninterrupted.
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Specialization in Gerontology
The Specialization in Gerontology is available for students currently enrolled in the MSW program. The National Institute on Aging estimates the need for 70,000 social workers in older adult services by 2020. Given these statistics, social work professionals require current knowledge about a broad range of fundamental issues that encompass the older adult experience. The Specialization in Gerontology Program (SGP) in the LSU MSW Program, in cooperation with the LSU Life Course and Aging Center (LCAC), addresses the educational needs of full time and part time students who aspire to be engaged in planning, administration, and/or provision of services for older adults. Goals of the SGP are the following:
- to prepare students to practice in the field of gerontological social work - to carry out professional roles and responsibilities consistent with the values and ethics of social work as they relate to practice with older adults;
- to prepare students to understand the biopsychosocial, economic, administrative, service delivery, and social policy contexts of aging within the parameters of social work practice in a health care setting;
- to provide students with an interdisciplinary, educational experience and raise awareness of perspective and skills from a health or human service discipline additional to social work; and
- to provide students with a gerontological field experience that enhances understanding of social work practice relationships based on empowerment and respect for the values of human dignity and worth, cultural diversity, self-determination, and social justice.
Admission to the SGP requires students to meet all general admission requirements for SSW graduate certificate programs. The SGP encourages its students to complete the introductory, summer course, Introduction to Gerontological Social Work, which can count toward the course curriculum requirements.
The SGP curriculum requires either option A or B:
Option A: Non-thesis option. Completion of nine (9) credit hours of graduate coursework that focus primarily on aging and older adult issues: minimum of three (3) hours in Social Work* and three (3) hours interdisciplinary**. These courses qualify as electives for the MSW curriculum.
Option B: Thesis-option. Thesis work replaces six (6) of the aforementioned credit hours requirement. The thesis topic must be gerontology related and confirmed by the SGP coordinator as germane to older adults.


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We were taught at a young age that water boils at an energy of 100 degrees Celsius, or 212 degrees Fahrenheit, and that's still true!
But kettles boil and heat liquids at different temperatures, depending on a few factors. Factors like the power of heat and material are things to consider when you want to buy a kettle.
If you're curious to learn how differently each kettle can heat water, read on to learn more!
Do All Kettles Boil Water to the Same Temperature?
- Do All Kettles Boil Water to the Same Temperature?
- What Materials Are Different Kettles Made Of?
- Why Are Some Kettles Hotter Than Others?
- Do Kettles Heat the Water Evenly?
- What Are the Different Temperatures to Remember When Boiling Water?
- How Do I Know When the Water Has Reached the Boiling Point?
- What Is the Desired Temperature for Water to Be Used for Tea and Coffee?
- Kettles Boil At Different Temperatures FAQs
Many factors affect how kettles boil water, tea, coffee, and other liquids. Atmospheric pressure, the temperature of the air, and elevation are among the external factors.
When it comes to the kettle itself, its size and material determine the right temperature at which a kettle will heat water.
The larger diameter of a kettle translates to more surface area where heat is supposed to spread across.
This means that even when two kettles are made of the same material and use the same surface, the kettle with a larger surface will take longer to heat water than the smaller one.
Different metals also have varying thermal conductivity rates. A kettle made of one type of metal can transfer heat much faster than another, even if they measure the same surface area.
What Materials Are Different Kettles Made Of?
Kettles heat water differently depending on the type of metals or material they are made of. Check out the best electric kettles for your home or office.
Let's find out how they contrast from each other:
Steel is a form of alloy made of iron and carbon. This combination makes steel a strong material in many kitchen appliances, including kettles.
Steel also conducts more heat and keeps hot tea or water, making it a reliable material for any hot-temperature liquid. Plus, steel is the most sustainable. It is reused and recycled all the time.
The only downside is steel tends to rust due to its high iron content, making it dangerous to heat water consistently.
The difference between steel and stainless steel is the latter has at least a 10.5% chromium content that reacts with oxygen, resulting in a protective layer making it resistant to rust.
That is why most kettles are made of stainless steel, aside from their quick heating and heat retention abilities in temperature.
This kettle is known to last longer, is easy to maintain, and does not absorb residual odors and flavors. Plus, they are lightweight and add a classic polished look to your kitchen countertop.
Cast iron is another strong material used in making electric kettles. However, because they tend to rust, they may not be the healthiest kettle for heating water or tea.
It heats liquids well and boils well, making it a good material for warm-temperature liquids!
However, If you do not regularly clean your cast iron kettle, you might experience an unpleasant aftertaste in your hot beverages.
Silver is another good conductor of heat. But compared to other materials, they're not the sturdiest.
Silver heats and boils water well, hence why it is one of the more popular materials to use when producing equipment.
A silver kettle may look nice and shiny but is prone to scratches when not handled carefully. Plus, silver can be very expensive!
Aluminum is used for cans, kitchen utensils, and many other products, including a kettle.
With how well aluminum conducts heat and boils water, it is no surprise that the material is often a popular choice for manufacturers!
Water boils fast in an aluminum kettle. This metal is resistant to rust, scratches, and stains. They are lightweight and easy to handle too.
Kettles heat water faster in copper than aluminum, even when pouring cold water into the kettle.
This means it even boils better than aluminum! In addition, Copper does not contain iron either, so it does not rust.
Glass is a popular option used to make an electric kettle. Most kettles are made with tempered glass or borosilicate glass.
Glass kettles are great at tolerating high heating up to 170 degrees Celsius. And generally, they heat water faster.
Aside from that, glass kettles are dishwasher-safe, easy to clean, and not prone to limescale build-up.
The only downside is they are more fragile and are likely to break and shatter. So best be extra careful when pouring!
Why Are Some Kettles Hotter Than Others?
As the kettle boils, those with a stainless steel outer reach a hotter temperature fast. So keep your kids out of the kitchen!
Other factors that might affect how hot your kettle gets as you pour water out:
- If your kettle is pre-heated before you fill it with cold water for boiling
- The volume of water in your kettle
- If you've allowed your kettle to cool down in between uses
Other than a kettle's capacity to boil hot water, you might be curious to find out why kettles make noise too.
Do Kettles Heat the Water Evenly?
Kettles heat tea or water evenly through convection. The principle of convection means water heats up in a circular pattern around its base.
As the water or tea heats up in a pot or kettle, it rises to the top and then sinks back down, causing a continuous cycle of heating throughout the interiors of the kettle.
The longer you keep the water to a boil, the more pressure increases, and more energy is created to distribute the heat uniformly.
What Are the Different Temperatures to Remember When Boiling Water?
Various factors affect how boiled water or tea is achieved. These factors include elevation, atmospheric pressure, and air temperature.
At sea level, which is an elevation of zero feet, the boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius, or 212 degrees Fahrenheit. This is the normal case.
As elevation and air pressure increase, the boiling point of water drops. For example, if you are 1,000 feet above sea level, water will boil at a different temperature of 194˚F.
This is usually true in a high-altitude area with less oxygen and more air pressure. Water boils at a lower temperature than normal.
In other cases, water will take much longer to boil when the cold temperature drops below the freezing point. That's, of course, the ice crystals that are reducing the heat.
How Do I Know When the Water Has Reached the Boiling Point?
Once you've filled up your kettle with water or tea and you switch the kettle on, it will only take minutes for it to boil.
The easiest way to know if tea or water has reached its boiling point is to measure the temperature of the hot water with a thermometer.
The boiling point is the right temperature at which your water or tea begins to bubble and create steam.
This happens as the molecules transfer more energy to each other. This energy transfer creates air pressure
A few things can happen when a kettle boils water that you can observe:
- Bubbles forming
- Water turns into gas or steam
- The vapor pressure of the water is equal to its surrounding air pressure
- The temperature of the water no longer increases
When the pressure increases inside the kettle, the water molecules will turn into a gas at a certain temperature. At this point, the temperature of the liquid stops increasing.
Water will boil, and the steam eventually gets trapped. This creates more energy on the water molecules wanting to escape.
What Is the Desired Temperature for Water to Be Used for Tea and Coffee?
Temperature control is crucial for a cup of brewed drink to taste its best! A different temperature will yield a different flavor.
For instance, black tea leaves are best hot between 160˚F and 190˚F. Green tea should be brewed for only a few minutes and at a temperature of 160˚F. Others prefer to have their tea hotter at 175˚F for only a full minute.
Regarding coffee, the ideal water temperature for extraction is between 195°F and 205°F.
However, you might need to raise or lower the temperature of your brew depending on your coffee flavor preference.
A lighter roast needs a slightly higher temperature. This extra heat helps speed up the extraction process.
A darker roast should have a lower temperature. This allows the kettle to avoid over-extraction and bitter flavors.
Check out these best small electric kettles for your convenient tea and coffee-making!
Kettles Boil At Different Temperatures FAQs
We've got you covered with FAQs on whether or not a kettle's temperature varies in specific circumstances. Check these out!
Can a kettle boil water at 100 ˚C at all times and places? No. The temperature at which a kettle can heat water will depend on its air pressure at different altitudes.
From Mount Everest to the Dead Sea, water's boiling point will vary from just below 70 ˚C to over 101 ˚C.
For pure water to boil at sea level, your kettle must heat to 100 °C. Tap water, however, has many impurities, including microbial and organic contaminants in the water.
You may even find chlorine and fluoride too. These, taken in large quantities, can be toxic.
Impurities present in any liquid will raise its boiling point. Thus, it will take a temperature of more than 100 °C to boil tap water in a kettle.
So that's that! It is a given fact that there is no one perfect temperature when water boils. Its temperature will vary as to the altitude of where you are heating your water.
And in case


Aging Quiz - Answer
The majority of older adults say that they are happy most of the time
Answer: True - The majority of older adults report high levels of life satisfaction. The more socially active an individual is, the higher their life satisfaction. Thus, the importance of remaining involved in informal, intimate activities.
In addition health is correlated with life satisfaction. Individuals, of any age, who are in poor health are likely to experience lower levels of life satisfaction. Not only will exercise and eating a healthy diet facilitate long life but also a good quality of life.
Back to Aging Quiz


text:
Usage:They tested his hearing with pure tones of different frequencies.
Usage:The manager spoke to the employer in a tone which was indignant.
Usage:His majestic walk shows that he has a muscular tone.
Usage:She took tonic to improve her health.
Usage:Words of wisdom act as a tonic in the times of difficulty.
Usage:A tonic syllable carries the main stress in a word.


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book is the basis for the German television production Der geheimnisvolle Schatz von Troja (Hunt for Troy) from 2007. He is also the subject of the novel The Lost Throne by American author Chris Kuzneski.
The novel The Fall of Troy by Peter Ackroyd (2006) is based on Schliemann's excavation of Troy. Schliemann is portrayed as "Heinrich Obermann".
See also
- Stefan Lovgren. "National Geographic News". National Geographic Society. Retrieved 2012-12-18.
- Cornelia Maué,_URL_. "website of schliemann-museum Ankershagen". Schliemann-museum.de. Retrieved 2012-08-10.
- Robert Payne, The Gold of Troy: The Story of Heinrich Schliemann and the Buried Cities of Ancient Greece, 1959, repr. New York: Dorset, 1990, p. 15.
- Payne, p. 70.
- "Schliemann, Heinrich" in Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, at de.wikisource. (German)
- Payne, p. 25.
- Payne, p. 30.
- Allen, Susan Heuck (1999). Finding the walls of Troy: Frank Calvert and Heinrich Schliemann at Hisarlík. University of California Press. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-520-20868-1.
- Leo Deuel, Memoirs of Heinrich Schliemann: A Documentary Portrait Drawn from his Autobiographical Writings, Letters, and Excavation Reports, New York: Harper, 1977, ISBN 0-06-011106-2, p. 67; he also mentions meeting President Andrew Johnson, p. 126.
- Allen, Susan Heuck (1999). Finding the walls of Troy: Frank Calvert and Heinrich Schliemann at Hisarlík. University of California Press. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-520-20868-1.
- Easton, D.F. (May–June 1998). "Heinrich Schliemann: Hero or Fraud?". The Classical World 91: 339.
- Allen, Susan Heuck (1999). Finding the walls of Troy: Frank Calvert and Heinrich Schliemann at Hisarlík. University of California Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-520-20868-1.
- Bernard, Wolfgang. Homer-Forschung zu Schliemanns Zeit und heute at the Wayback Machine (archived June 9, 2007) (in German).
- Allen, Susan Heuck (1999). Finding the walls of Troy: Frank Calvert and Heinrich Schliemann at Hisarlík. University of California Press. p. 312. ISBN 978-0-520-20868-1.
- Bryce, Trevor (2005). The Trojans and their neighbours. Taylor & Francis. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-415-34959-8.
- Moorehead, Caroline, The Lost Treasures of Troy (1994) page 133, ISBN 0-297-81500-8
- Easton, D.F. (May–June 1998). "Heinrich Schliemann: Hero or Fraud?". The Classical World 91: 341.
- Kenneth W. Harl. "Great Ancient Civilizations of Asia Minor". Retrieved November 23, 2012.
- Lauren Stokes. "Trojan wars and tourism: a lecture by C. Brian Rose". Swarthmore College Daily Gazette. Retrieved 2012-12-18.
Further reading
- Boorstin, Daniel (1983). The Discoverers. Random House. ISBN 0-394-40229-4.
- Durant, Will (1939). The Life of Greece: Being a history of Greek civilization from the beginnings, and of civilization in the Near East from the death of Alexander, to the Roman conquest. Simon & Schuster. OCLC 355696346.
- Easton, D.F. (May–June 1998). "Heinrich Schliemann: Hero or Fraud?". The Classical World 91.
- Poole, Lynn; Poole, Gray (1966). One Passion, Two Loves. Crowell. OCLC 284890..
- Silberman, Neil Asher (1990). Between Past and Present: Archaeology, Ideology, and Nationalism in the Modern Middle East. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-41610-5.
- Tolstikov, Vladimir; Treister, Mikhail (1996). The Gold of Troy. Searching for Homer's Fabled City. Harry N. Abrams. ISBN 0-8109-3394-2.
- Traill, David A. (1995). Schliemann of Troy: Treasure and Deceit. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-14042-8.
- Wood, Michael (1987). In Search of the Trojan War. New American Library. ISBN 0-452-25960-6.
|Wikisource has original works written by or about:
Media related to Heinrich Schliemann at Wikimedia Commons
- American School of Classical Studies at Athens. Heinrich Schliemann and Family Papers at the Wayback Machine (archived October 5, 2007).
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Schliemann, Heinrich". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- "Schliemann, Heinrich". Encyclopedia Americana. 1920.


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Development of nanocomposite membranes is of major research interest for water and wastewater treatment. Hollow fiber membranes (HFM), e.g., contain a semi-permeable barrier in the form of a hollow fiber. The primary interest in HFMs relates to their pore diameter and pore distribution. In this section, we look at a research example discussing hollow fiber filter membranes for biomedical application characterized by capillary flow porometry, a technique offered by Anton Paar – along with other instruments for measuring nanomaterials.
Pore size of hollow fiber membranes for biomedical applications
Ultrafiltration techniques like tangential flow filtration (TFF), also known as cross-flow filtration (CFF), are both fast and efficient methods for the separation of biomolecules and the purification of drinking water, and they are suitable for applications in immunology, protein chemistry and public health. The membranes used are tubular rather than flat sheets, so they can operate in a continuous mode with less potential for clogging. The hollow-fiber construction of these membranes represents a challenge to determining the sizes of pores in the fiber wall. The difficulty of analyzing hollow fibers has been overcome by a special preparation technique.
Characterization techniques: Capillary flow porometry measurement of pore size distributions in 4 distinct hollow fiber membranes, denoted HF1-4, was performed using Anton Paar's Porometer 3G. A length of each fiber (1 mm diameter, wall thickness 100 µm) was cut and glued into a specialized sample holder. After wetting with a fluorocarbon having zero contact angle with the samples (Porofil, Anton Paar), the holder was installed into the unit. Air pressure was applied to the interior lumen to push the wetting liquid through the pores to the outside; pressure and resulting air flow were measured automatically. Pore size was calculated using the Washburn equation, and the largest pore size computed from the bubble-point pressure.
Results and discussion
Pore size values are presented in Table 1. Sample HF2 had pores significantly larger than the other 3 samples. Interestingly, while the minimum and mean pore sizes of sample HF3 were smaller than those of sample HF4, the largest pore in sample HF3 was approximately 50 % larger than the largest pore in HF4.
Maximum Pore Size (nm)
Mean Flow Pore Size (nm)
Minimum Pore Size (nm)
Number distributions were calculated based on the internal geometric surface of the sample fibers (from gross dimensions) and are shown in the figure below. HF3 and HF4 appear much more similar in terms of overall size distribution, the greatest difference between them being the number of pores.
Determining the details of the critical pore sizes of a membrane in this way allows proper selection for the target separation/purification process.
Additional information
Application report:


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Eaton's, which was once Canada's largest department store chain, partnered with development companies throughout the 1970s and 1980s to develop downtown shopping malls in cities across Canada. Each mall contained an Eaton's store, or was in close proximity to an Eaton's store, and typically the mall itself carried the "Eaton Centre" name. These joint-ventures represented a significant retail development trend in Canada during that period.
With the demise of the Eaton's chain in 1999, and the retiring of the Eaton's name as a retail banner in 2002, some of these malls have been renamed, although three of the larger ones continue to carry the Eaton name. Some malls in smaller urban areas, which were typically the least successful of all the Eaton Centre developments, have been demolished or converted to other, non-retail uses.
Before the Eaton Centres
Prior to the building of these large shopping malls, Eatons, like other departments stores in Canada and around the world, built stand-alone buildings that would hold one large department store only. Often these large retailers dominated the central cores of many mid-sized Canadian sized Canadian cities. Examples include Eaton's Building, College Park, and Eaton's Annex (Toronto).


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Symbolic meaning of number thirteen is surrounded with controversy. Is it lucky? Unlucky? Only you can decide for yourself this post and my other more detailed page on thirteen may help you with your decision.
For those of you who want fast, quick references, the following attributes have been associated with the number thirteen:
This snapshot of meanings comes from a variety of different sources.
Its primary claim to foreboding fame is the number thirteen's association with the Last Supper in Christian history. There were thirteen people present at this gathering, the Christ and his twelve disciples.
In France the number thirteen referred to as le point de Judas, to mark Judas's betrayal of Christ. This term also suggests an omen as Judas was the first to leave the table at the Last Supper, and also the first to die. Also in France it is still the practice to hire a quartorzieme, or a fourteenth guest to a dinner party if only thirteen were in the original total. This is said to assure a problem-free event.
The letter "m" is the thirteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet and was said to bring bad luck because it is the beginning and end of the word mem which means death.
Interestingly, the number thirteen is assigned to the Death card in the Tarot deck. Here the number takes on a meaning of transition, surrender, and recycling. More information on this can be found on the number thirteen death card page.
On a more positive note, the number thirteen is sacred and honored in ritualistic practices in many Native American tribes.
The Aztecs also hold the number thirteen sacred and divided their week into thirteen days. Each day is ruled by a god. The thirteenth day is ruled by Tezcatlipoca, who represents: Mystery, Psyche, Illusion and Magic.
Similarly, within ancient European cultures as well as earth-based religions it is well known there are thirteen moons in a year. Here the thirteen is aligned with all the associations of the moon: Emotion, Cycles, Intuition, Mystery, Devotion, and Influence.
It is also seen as a sign of good fortune in ancient Greece where it is associated with the Zeus because he is the thirteenth and most powerful of Greek gods.
For more information, visit my full-detail page on the Symbolic Meaning of Number Thirteen.


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The suitability of a prototype flowmeter for the measurement of transient flows in high pressure hydraulic systems is examined. The flowmeter uses hot film anemometry and is capable of measuring both steady-state and dynamic flow velocities. The flowmeter has been subjected to an extensive series of calibration trials under steady-state flow conditions over a wide range of hydraulic fluid temperature and pressures. Dynamic calibration has also been obtained for the meter response when subjected to sinusoidal and step changes in flow. An investigation into the generation of pressure and flow transients in a simple pump-pipeline-termination hydraulic system is also undertaken using the prototype flowmeter. Employment of suitable analytical techniques enables the harmonic content of the complex pressure and flow waveforms to be determined over ten harmonics of pump piston frequency. A digital computer model of the hydraulic system has been developed based on the Impedance concepts, and the results compared with those obtained experimentally. The accuracy of the simulation for pressure and flow ratios at positions on the pipeline is considered to be good throughout the frequency range. Methods have been developed to determine the source impedance spectra of the pump from experimental data. Inclusion of the predicted source impedance values in the model gave good agreement between theoretical and experimental pressure and flow waveforms. Having obtained the source impedance enabled the pump flow spectra and instantaneous flow to be established using the theoretical model and the experimental flow harmonics measured at a point on the pipeline. This latter part of the work gives a method of remote measurement of pump discharges which would be extremely valuable for test and development work. Further slight modification would allow it to be used for test and development of valve characteristics.
|Date of Award||1976|


What significance does the openness of biogeochemical cycles have for the biosphere?
Normal biogeochemical cycles are not closed, although the degree of reversibility of annual cycles of the most important biogenic elements reaches 95–98%. Incomplete reversibility (openness) is one of the most important properties of biogeochemical cycles, which has planetary significance. This is what caused the biogenic accumulation of oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere, various chemical elements and compounds in the earth's crust. For example, due to the incomplete reversibility of the carbon cycle over the past 600 million years, huge reserves of carbon deposits (limestone, bitumen, coal, oil, etc.) have accumulated, estimated at 1016–1017 tons.


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Moving on to the next project in our sustainability series, join FuFu, the friendly neighbourhood tofu to kickstart your Plant Based Alternative journey!
According to Euromonitor, consumer expenditure on meat in Asia Pacific has increased 25% in 2017 to 2022 from USD 508 Billion to USD 636 Billion.
Additionally, according to the United Nations, the production of meat is responsible for 60% of carbon emission of all food production in the world. Therefore, with the rising consumption of meat there is a worrying rise of carbon emissions from the meat industry. This has a negative impact on the environment and public health, as well as contributing to the degradation of natural resources and ecosystems. For example, unsustainable cattle ranching accounts for 80% of deforestation of the Amazon Rainforest. In light of this, we intend to reduce meat consumption through encouraging people to consume plant-based alternatives (PBAs) with gamification.
According to Forbes in 2018, there is a rising trend in the US where companies are catering meat-reduced diets like PBAs, due to their positive impacts; employees are happier and healthier thus resulting in higher productivity. Therefore there is a strong incentive for companies in Singapore to encourage their employees to introduce PBAs into their lives.
- Through plantBASED, the company can improve employee wellbeing and lifestyle thus resulting in improved employee's productivity.
- This is done through the consumption of plant-based alternatives (PBA) while increasing awareness of the effects of the greenhouse gas emissions from rearing livestock within the company's employee base
This is a 21-days campaign designed to help kickstart your Plant Based Alternative journey, which can help to improve employee wellbeing and lifestyle, thus resulting in improved employee's productivity. With FuFu, the Tofu mascot will bring you on an PBA diet educational journey filled with opportunities to earn rewards and interact with your community.
Join FuFu to kickstart your Plant Based Alternative journey now!
1. Play the game first.
2. Use the Template game for your own initiatives.
Credits: [AY2022/23] G4 Team 3 – Bevan Peck, Demetria Ho, Joshua Sanjay Das, Law Wen Xin, Malcolm Seah, Melody Teoh, See Chow Ye


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What does Storage Testing mean?
Storage testing is part of the software development life cycle, specifically the testing phase, where the application or program is tested to see if it stores and reads data files in the correct directories and if it reserves a sufficient amount of storage space so that unexpected termination does not occur due to lack of space.
Storage testing also refers to the exhaustive testing of storage devices and systems as a form of benchmarking done by the manufacturers themselves or third-party certification organizations.
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Techopedia explains Storage Testing
Storage testing has its roots in two testing areas of the computing industry. First, as a phase in software development, specifically in the testing phase where an application or system is tested on how well it performs its storage-related functions such as saving data using the correct format, correct size and in the correct directory. Software is also tested on its resilience to storage problems such as accidental deletion or how well it reacts to movement of its required data files.
Secondly, it is an exhaustive testing of storage-related technology and hardware. For example, as part of the Windows Certification Program, Microsoft offers the Windows Hardware Certification Kit (HCK) that is used to test and certify storage hardware based on performance to determine if the storage devices are suitable for use in production environments running Windows operating systems. This is also done with non-Microsoft use as certification of storage capacity and performance of servers and databases used by cloud computing service vendors.
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There are some great reasons to make Discord emojis bigger or even other emojis for that matter. Emojis are and will get increasingly popular as we get newer messaging apps. Many users think of how to enlarge emoji and the answer to that is Vance AI Image Enlarger tool, which can automatically increase Discord emoji size. Simply read ahead if you want to make emoji bigger.
Review of Vance AI Image Enlarger
You don't have to worry about how to make Discord emojis bigger if you are using an application like the AI Image Enlarger due to its technology and overall design. The basics are that Vance AI Image Enlarger, as well as all other Vance AI applications, are built from AI and Deep Learning based technologies. This makes the tool capable of automatic conversions and image processing. As users, you can easily process images with a simple upload. The Image Enlarger can make Discord emojis bigger by sharpening it and increasing its resolutions at the same time. You will then have a Discord emoji size that is increased and sharpened.
How to Make Discord Emojis Bigger with Vance AI Image Enlarger?
If you want to know how to make emojis bigger on Android, iPhone, desktop, or anywhere online, follow this simple step by step guide.
1. Access the Application
You can use the image upscaler link in order to access the website and the tool. Now, you will need to click on Upload Image to prompt the Workspace window.
make discord emojis bigger

2. Select the Image
The Workspace window is used for checking remaining credits, selecting a particular workflow, and to upload photos. Use the plus sign to upload an image and use the Start to Process option.
make discord emojis bigger

3. Download the Image
Shortly after, you will see a pop-up on the Processed tab. Go there and click on Preview on the right of the image. Use Download Image to save the image into your device.
make discord emojis bigger
It doesn't matter if you want to know how to make emojis bigger on iPhone or any platform, these steps will give the result anywhere and anytime.
Performance of Vance AI Image Enlarger
Now you will see a few conversions made by the image enlarger application online.
make discord emojis bigger
The original image here is upscaled twice its size and the application manages to uphold the image quality pretty easily. Other than that, the tool has also made sure the image is sharp even at double resolutions. The processing didn't take much time either, producing this result in just a few seconds. They have done a good job with comparisons too, as you can compare both images in multiple ways.
make discord emojis bigger

In this case, the original image is upscaled upto 4 times its original size. Naturally, the image processing this time took a bit more time that it did for 2 times upscaling but it was still quick enough. Furthermore, the increase in image quality is still strong. The colors of the After image are a bit brighter too, especially when you consider the knife.
make discord emojis bigger

Finally, the original image in this case has been upscaled 6 times its original size. Again, it is great to see that the image upscaler tool has managed to heighten the quality of the image enough to support its increase in resolutions. Other than that, the image still has the sharp colors and edges that make it ready to use.
Conclusion
Vance AI is a remarkable online application that manages to increase resolutions and quality simultaneously. This feature is something that is missing in a huge number of other online image editing tools. You can also make Discord emojis bigger with this AI image enhancer online and for free. Also read: How to Make Image Bigger Without Any Quality Leakage.
FAQs
1. How to make emojis bigger on iPhone?
Fortunately, it is not that difficult to know how to make emojis bigger on iPhone due to the fact that Vance AI's applications can be used online by browsers on desktop and mobile. You can simply follow the steps given above and get yourself bigger Discord emojis in a matter of seconds. If you want, you can use other Vance AI products such as the Image Retoucher to enhance your output.
2. How to make emojis bigger on Android?
The process of making emojis bigger on Android with Vance AI is the same as the one for iPhone. You can use the Image Enlarger link to access the website and press on Upload Image. From there, you will need to upload an image and press on Start to Process. Finally, download the result from Processed > Preview and Download Image.
Also read: How to Enlarge Anime Image Easily with AI.


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Brief SummaryRead full entry
DescriptionRavenna-grass, or plume-grass, is native to southern Europe and was introduced for ornamental purposes. It occurs in Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, and Tennessee, as well as a number of other states across the U.S., from California to Michigan. It is a tall clumping grass with a basal tuft of leaves and flowering stalks that reach heights of 8-12 ft., towering over big bluestem and other plants and making them easily visible from a distance. The base of the clump can be several feet in diameter indicating a sizeable root mass. Control is difficult to date the most effective method has been achieved come from physically removing the plants by pulling or digging out. The leaves and stems are covered with fine hairs. Flower heads are pale, feathery plumes at the tips of the tall flower stalks. It has been observed spreading from plantings along roadsides and other disturbed edge habitats as well as in fields and other open sites. Spread is by wind-blown seed. While still fairly uncommon in our area, this species shows signs of being invasive under some conditions and should be watched and controlled whenever it spreads beyond a planting. It would be wise to find a non-weedy native substitute for this grass or at least one that is not likely to become invasive. It resembles Japanese silvergrass and other tall showy ornamental grass species. A good substitute would be eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides). Previous names for ravenna-grass include Saccharum ravennae and Erianthus ravennae.


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Leopard cat activity is higher with increased understory vegetation in oil palm plantations, which seems to result in reduced rat numbers
Leopard cats are known to use oil palm plantations as a hunting ground for rats, and have been proposed as a possible biological control for rodent pests in plantations. Related to this, there have been questions raised regarding how understory vegetation management in oil palm plantations [many places consider these weeds and clear them] may influence leopard cat use of these sites. Finally, a study examines these unknowns.
A recently published study by Hood et al. (2019) showed that leopard cat habitat use is higher with increased understory vegetation. They also demonstrate reduced rat numbers with higher leopard cat activity. The authors suggest that the results indicate that how oil palm plantations are managed can affect leopard cat use, and possible rodent control possibilities. All these only possible with their manipulative experiments on understory vegetation management.
Curiously, there was no effect of understorey vegetation on rat numbers or rat damage on oil palm in this study. It could be that the rats benefit from more vegetation, but the higher activity of leopard cats in those environment leads to higher rat predation level, which nullified the benefits to rats. Neat if that could somehow be studied in future.
Hood et al. (2019) Understory vegetation in oil palm plantations promotes leopard cat activity, but does not affect rats or rat damage. Frontiers in Forest and Global Change 2: 51. doi: 10.3389/ffgc.2019.00051


CIS Kubernetes Benchmark
What is the CIS Kubernetes Benchmark?
CIS stands for Center of Internet Security. It is a global organization that is staffed by professionals, subject matter experts, and people who focus on improving cyber security. The CIS benchmarks are a series of best practices and guidelines that companies should follow to ensure their IT infrastructure is safeguarded against numerous threats and risks.
There are many types of IT systems and over 140 CIS benchmarks to guide toward optimum cybersecurity. A good example is cloud infrastructure, under which you can find a series of best practices for configuring Kubernetes as well. These are generally termed CIS Kubernetes Benchmarks.
Purpose of CIS Kubernetes Benchmark
CIS Benchmarks give a specific set of guidelines suitable to Kubernetes and ensure the hardened Kubernetes environments. Thus, protecting from common vulnerabilities and misconfigurations. DevOps engineers can use different tools to ensure they configure the Kubernetes clusters according to the Benchmarks and also flag any configuration which isn't compliant with the CIS standard.
Different Parts of the CIS Kubernetes Benchmark
The CIS Kubernetes Benchmarks have various parts which help one deduce whether a configuration is compliant or not and to what extent it affects the system. Besides this, the Benchmarks also help companies assign the responsibility of ensuring compliance. These parts include:
Scoring
CIS Benchmarks have several recommendations underneath each of them. These recommendations have an assessment test wherein the implementation of a recommendation is checked. The recommendation is scored if the checking can be done in an automated fashion. On the other hand, if the checking needs to be done manually, it is known as not scored. Furthermore, the scoring will also determine how secure the system is and how much the implementation of the recommendation can affect the system.
Levels
There are two levels of security recommendations. Level 1 comprises basic security measures which do not interfere with the regular functioning of the system. Level 2 includes security measures that address Kubernetes security on a deeper level. While this may ensure compliance, it takes more time to implement and might interfere with the regular functioning of the infrastructure.
Results
There are two possible results once the assessment ends. Pass means that the recommendation is incorporated into the infrastructure. Fail means it hasn't been incorporated into the Kubernetes system. Furthermore, the benchmark details the next steps and the remedies DevOps engineers can take to fix the issue and turn the status from Pass to Fail.
Responsibility
The final part, responsibility, refers to the entity that must incorporate the recommendation. Usually, it's the organization, but there are also cases where it's the company and the vendor who provides the cloud service.
Component Configuration
The CIS Benchmark is accepted in the cloud-native community for configuring Kubernetes components. Compliance can be ensured by manual configuration, which can be an arduous task, or preferably by using various tools that can automate the process making it more efficient and secure. Recommended configurations of key components are listed below.
Control Plane Component
Control Plane ComponentFile/Directory to SecureFile PermissionsFile Ownership
API ServerPod specification file644 or stricterroot:root
Controller ManagerPod specification file644 or stricterroot:root
Controller Managercontroller-manager.conf644 or stricterroot:root
SchedulerPod specification file644 or stricterroot:root
Schedulerscheduler.conf644 or stricterroot:root
etcdPod specification file644 or stricterroot:root
Container NetworkCNI file644 or stricterroot:root
Interface
etcdData directory700 oir stricteretcd:etcd
kubeadmadmin.conf644 or stricterroot:root
Kubernetes PKIPKI directoryroot:root
Kubernetes PKIPKI certificate644 or stricter
Kubernetes PKIPKI key files600
API Server
Configuration ElementRecommended Setting
–anonymous-authfalse
–basic-auth-filenot set
–anonymous-authfalse
–basic-auth-filenot set
–token-auth-filenot set
–kubelet-httpstrue
–authorization-modeAlwaysAllow, includes Node and RBAC
admission control pluginEventRateLimit is setAlwaysAdmit not set AlwaysPullImages is set SecurityContextDeny set (if PodSecurityPolicy not used)ServiceAccount is setNamespaceLifecycle is setPodSecurityPolicy is setNodeRestriction is set
–insecure-bind-addressnot set
–insecure-port0
–secure-port0
–profilingfalse
–audit-log-pathfalse
–audit-log-maxage30
–service-account-lookupTrue
encryption providersOnly use strong cryptographic ciphers
–etcd-certfileEnsure these parameters / arguments are set to their appropriate values
–etcd-keyfile
–tls-cert-file
–tls-private-key-file
–client-ca-file
–etcd-cafile
–encryption-provider-config
–kubelet-client-certificate
–kubelet-client-key
–kubelet-certificate-authority
–audit-log-maxbackup
–audit-log-maxsize
–request-timeout argument
–service-account-key-file
Controller Manager
Configuration ElementRecommended Setting
–profilingfalse
–use-service-account-credentialstrue
RotateKubeletServerCertificatetrue
–bind-address127.0.0.1
–terminated-pod-gc-thresholdEnsure these parameters / arguments are set to their appropriate values
–service-account-private-key-file
–root-ca-file
Scheduler
Configuration ElementRecommended Setting
–profilingfalse
–bind-address127.0.0.1
etcd
Configuration ElementRecommended Setting
–client-cert-authtrue
–auto-tlstrue
–peer-client-cert-authtrue
–peer-auto-tlstrue
Certificate AuthorityUse a unique CA
–cert-fileEnsure these parameters / arguments are set to their appropriate values
–key-file
–peer-cert-file
–peer-key-file
Besides these there are numerous recommendations on how worker nodes, pods, kubelet, and a few other parts must be configured. Below is an example of how the worker node is made to run with CIS Benchmark compliant recommendations.
Example of How to Scan K8s Configuration Against the CIS Framework Using Kubescape
Kubescape has numerous frameworks to test against. It enables engineers to automatically scan the configurations of the clusters and various resources against different frameworks. CIS is one of the available frameworks using the CLI, an individual can find all the misconfigurations and, fix them using assisted remediation. Here's how it works:
Step 1: Scan the K8 with the CIS framework using the following command:
$ kubescape scan framework CIS --enable-host-scan --submit
Step 2: Once you run the command, you get a series of passed and failed resource configurations. Head to the dashboard, and under the configuration scanning section, you'll see the list of resources that can be remediated.
Step 3: Go to one of the resources and click the remediation suggestion. You'll be redirected to the resource's code, wherein you'll get a suggestion of what code needs to be added, changed or deleted.
Step 4: Make the suggested change and scan the cluster again. You'll no longer see the specific resource failing on the specific control.
Repeating these steps to remediate other resources will improve your compliance. Scanning at regular intervals will help you avoid drifting away from compliance.
Stay up to date


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Introduction: Multi-family dwellings, such as apartments and condominiums, often share a common chimney structure for heating and ventilation. Maintaining the chimneys in these complexes is essential for the safety and comfort of residents and compliance with building codes and regulations. In this blog post, we'll explore the unique considerations and challenges associated with chimney repairs in multi-family dwellings and why professional maintenance is critical.
The Importance of Chimney Repairs in Multi-Family Dwellings
Chimneys in multi-family dwellings provide heat and ventilation to multiple units. Ensuring the chimneys are in excellent condition is vital for several reasons:
Safety: A damaged or malfunctioning chimney can pose significant safety risks, including the potential for carbon monoxide leaks or chimney fires. Regular inspections and repairs are essential to prevent these hazards.
Compliance: Multi-family dwellings are subject to building codes and regulations that mandate chimney maintenance and safety standards. Failure to comply can result in fines and legal liabilities.
Comfort: Properly functioning chimneys contribute to the comfort and well-being of residents by providing efficient heating and ventilation.
Unique Challenges in Multi-Family Chimney Repairs
Repairing chimneys in multi-family dwellings presents specific challenges that require expertise and planning:
Access: Accessing the chimney structure can be complicated in multi-story buildings. Professionals must ensure safe and efficient access to the chimney's interior and exterior for inspections and repairs.
Shared Systems: Multi-family dwellings often have shared heating systems, which means that chimney repairs can affect multiple units. Coordination and communication with residents are crucial to minimise disruptions.
Regulations and Permits: Compliance with local building codes and obtaining necessary permits for chimney repairs in shared structures can be complex. Professionals must navigate these regulations to ensure legal and safe repairs.
The Chimney Repair Process for Multi-Family Dwellings
The repair process for chimneys in multi-family dwellings typically follows these steps:
Initial Assessment: A professional chimney specialist conducts a comprehensive inspection to identify issues and assess the extent of repairs needed. This includes checking for structural damage, blockages, and ventilation problems.
Coordination: If chimney repairs affect multiple units, coordination with residents and property management is crucial to minimise disruption and ensure safety.
Repairs: Skilled professionals perform the necessary repairs, including masonry work, flue liner replacement, or structural reinforcement.
Inspections and Compliance: After repairs are completed, inspections are conducted to ensure compliance with local building codes and safety standards.
Preventive Maintenance: Implementing a regular maintenance schedule, including annual inspections and cleanings, helps prevent future chimney issues.
Conclusion: Chimney repairs in multi-family dwellings are essential for safety, comfort, and regulation compliance. To address the unique challenges of these structures, it's crucial to hire experienced professionals who understand the intricacies of multi-family chimney systems. At Ashford Roofing Services, we specialise in chimney repairs for multi-family dwellings, ensuring the safety and well-being of residents.


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The Ryzen 5 5500U is a powerful processor that has been gaining popularity among video editors. If you're wondering whether it's a good choice for your video editing needs, then this article is for you. In this post, we'll dive into the specifications of the Ryzen 5 5500U and explore its performance when it comes to video editing.
First, let's take a look at the specifications of the Ryzen 5 5500U. It's a six-core processor with a base clock speed of 2.1 GHz and a boost clock speed of up to 4 GHz. It also comes with integrated Radeon graphics and supports DDR4 memory up to 3200 MHz.
Now let's talk about its performance when it comes to video editing. The Ryzen 5 5500U is definitely a good choice for video editing as it has enough cores to handle multitasking and complex workflows. The integrated Radeon graphics also help in rendering videos faster.
When it comes to rendering speed, the Ryzen 5 5500U performs exceptionally well. It can render videos quickly without any lag or stuttering, even when working with high-resolution footage. This is thanks to its high clock speeds and efficient core utilization.
Multitasking is crucial when it comes to video editing, as you'll often have multiple applications running simultaneously. The Ryzen 5 5500U can handle multitasking with ease due to its six cores and twelve threads. You can work on your project while simultaneously running other applications like Adobe Premiere Pro or After Effects without any issues.
In conclusion, the Ryzen 5 5500U is definitely a good choice for video editing due to its powerful specifications and efficient performance. It's a great option for those who want to edit high-resolution videos without any lag or stuttering. So, if you're planning to buy a new laptop or desktop for video editing, you should definitely consider the Ryzen 5 5500U.


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Objective To estimate the efficacy of a rescue course of antenatal corticosteroids in twin pregnancies. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary-care centre. Population Twins born from 24 to <34 weeks of gestation in a single maternal and fetal medicine practice from 2006 to 2011. Methods We compared neonatal outcomes in 88 twins exposed to a single course of corticosteroids with outcomes in 42 twins exposed to two courses of corticosteroids: the initial course and a single rescue course. Analyses were adjusted to control for correlation between twins born to the same mother. Main outcome measure Short-term neonatal respiratory morbidity. Results Rescue corticosteroids were associated with fewer days of mechanical ventilation (7.3 ± 3.3 versus 33.9 ± 25.3 days, P = 0.003), fewer days with a fraction of inspired oxygen of >21% (6.3 ± 4.3 versus 33.3 ± 25.8 days, P = 0.003), a lower incidence of mechanical ventilation >14 days or death while on mechanical ventilation (0 versus 12.5%, P = 0.016), and a lower incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (0 versus 12.5%, P = 0.016). The proportion of neonates with respiratory distress syndrome did not differ between the groups (adjusted odds ratio 1.28, 95% confidence interval 0.50-3.26). There were no differences found for birthweight, head circumference and length. Conclusions In twins born before 34 weeks of gestation, exposure to rescue corticosteroids may be associated with improved neonatal outcomes. Further studies are warranted to assess the effect of rescue corticosteroids in twin pregnancies.
|Number of pages||6|
|Journal||BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology|
|State||Published - Jan 2013|
- preterm birth


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Definition of cheat sheet
1 : a sheet containing information (as test answers) used secretly for cheating
2 : a written or graphic aid (as a sheet of notes) that can be referred to for help in understanding or remembering something complex
First Known Use of cheat sheet
Seen and Heard
What made you want to look up cheat sheet? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).


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Resources Fact Sheets
HISTORY OF THE 102ND INTELLIGENCE WING|
Printable Fact Sheet
The 102nd Fighter Wing was born in the spring of 1921 as the 101st Observation Squadron, Massachusetts National Guard. By November of that year, the squadron was federally recognized.
The squadron secured its own training site on the land filled tidal flats at Jeffries Point, East Boston. This humble field, with its two cinder runways, would later be known as Logan International Airport.
In 1940, the 101st was inducted into federal service and was then moved from Logan Airport to Otis Field at Camp Edwards, Mass. During World War II the unit served under the Ninth Air Force as a reconnaissance unit. After serving in France, the squadron returned to the states in 1945 and was reactivated as a National Guard unit on July 29, 1946.
In 1950, the 102nd was recalled to active duty and assigned to the Air Defense Command. Remaining at home station, the Logan International Airport-based ANG unit stood runway alert throughout the Korean conflict.
When the Berlin wall was built in 1961, the 102nd Tactical Fighter Wing was alerted and by Nov. 1st, 26 of the wing's F-86H aircraft were on the ramp at Phalsbourg Air Base, France. The wing provided close air support to NATO's U.S. Seventh Army.
By August 1962, the wing was released from active duty and returned to Air National Guard control. In August of 1968, the 102nd left its Boston home of over 45 years and became a tenant unit at Otis Air Force Base.
The return to Otis for the 102nd was fitting indeed. The 101st Observation Squadron, forerunner of the 102d Fighter Interceptor Wing, was the original occupant of the Otis Field and was instrumental in its construction on the Camp Edwards property. The original intent of Otis Field was for utilization by National Guard aircraft.
The wing flew the F-84F Thunderstreak until June 1971, when a squadron of F-100D Supersabres was transferred directly from the conflict in Vietnam. After making the transition to the "Hun," a shift in Department of Defense military planning brought still more change to the 102nd and its mission.
Mach 2, F- 106 Delta Darts arrived on the 102nd's parking ramp. On June 10, 1972, the unit officially became the 102nd Air Defense Wing. Upon completion of transition, the wing commenced an air defense alert commitment on a 24-hour, 365-days-a-year basis.
On April 25, 1975, 102nd pilots were scrambled to intercept two Soviet TU95 BEAR D aircraft, 240 nautical miles off the Long Island coastline. Intercepts since that time have included everything from aircraft off course, additional intercepts of Soviet BEAR D aircraft, and aircraft carrying illegal cargo.
The 102nd's conversion to the F-15 marked the first Air National Guard air defense unit to receive the Eagle. The 102nd Fighter Interceptor Wing was redesignated the 102nd Fighter Wing in April 1992.
Examples of the wing's ability to function worldwide include a 1992 deployment of eight pilots, five F-15 Eagles, and 48 maintenance and security personnel, who deployed for five days to Canadian Forces Base, Goose Bay, Labrador, Canada. Another is the humanitarian deployment of 50 personnel from the 102nd Civil Engineering Squadron under field conditions, to the island of Eleuthera in the Bahamas in July 1993 to rebuild school buildings and municipal facilities damaged by Hurricane Andrew in 1992.
More recently, in the years 1991 through 1995 the wing deployed to Panama as part of "Coronet Nighthawk," a drug interdiction operation. From _PHONE_ the wing deployed to Iceland for 45 days of air defense duty. During 1998 Otis Guard members both trained for and performed real-world contingency assignments in Iceland, Canada, Korea, and Europe. In 1999 the wing participated in Operation Northern Watch when it deployed with its F-15 Eagle aircraft to Turkey to patrol and enforce the no-fly zone north of the 36th parallel in northern Iraq. The wing again deployed more than 350 personnel to the Middle East and Europe in 2000 to participate in Operation Southern Watch.
On September 11th, 2001, the wing sprang into action just minutes after the terrorists attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City. More than 600 wing members were mobilized for OPERATION Noble Eagle. The wing began flying around-the-clock combat air patrols missions immediately thereafter, and continued doing so until February 2002. Overall during 2001, wing aircraft flew 2,388 sorties compiling more than 3750 flying hours.
On April 6, 2008 the Fighter Wing was re-designated to an Intelligence Wing. The new intelligence group, designated a Digital Ground Station, will exploit and analyze information sent from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles circling the globe. The new unit will also provide direct, around-the-clock support to combat operations worldwide. An Air Operations Group support¬ing command and control of long-range strikes and cyber operations was activated in October of 2008.
"We are now an integral part of the first team that helps dominate air, space and cyberspace mediums." -Col Anthony Schiavi, 102nd Intelligence Wing Commander