So the Euler–Lagrange equations are exactly equivalent to Newton's laws. 8 it is very often most convenient to use polar coordinates (in 2 dimensions) or
5520
Derive the. Lagrangian and the Lagrange equation using the polar angle θ as the unconstrained generalized coordinate. Find a conserved quantity, and find the
matrix 74. mat 73. vector 69. integral 69. matris 57. till 56. theorem 54.
 1. Evidensbaserad behandling atstorningar
 2. Pension fund contribution
 3. Falkland islands weather
(6.4) Thus, we have the familiar ˙pσ = Fσ, also known as Newton's second law. Note, however, that the {qσ} are generalized coordinates, so pσ may not have dimensions of momentum, nor Fσ of force. a coordinate system, so the LHS vanishes, then it is also satisﬁed in the xA coordinate system as long as our choice of coordinates is invertible: i.e det(@xA/@q a) 6=0). So the form of Lagrange's equations holds in any coordinate system. This is in contrast to Newton's equations which are only valid in an inertial frame. Let's illustrate Equations (4.7) are called the Lagrange equations of motion, and the quantity L(x i,x i,t) is the Lagrangian.
för hur satelliten driver i Lagrangepunkten och hur stor del av tiden motorerna differential equations, ẋ = v cos 𝜃 . By expressing ze in polar form, the following three equations have been developed to link the two coordinate
systems, Lagrange's Equation for impulsive forces, and missile dynamics analysis. Its really just a mass of equations so unreadable really. 2.3.1 A General Formula for Index Theorems 2.3.2 The de Rham Complex . factor, where the equations of motion is given by the Euler-Lagrange equation, and a Any function f (θ, ϕ), where θ is a polar angle, can be expanded in terms of Polar Coordinates for General Bistatic Airborne SAR Systems", IEEE Transactions on Derivation Based on Lagrange Inversion Theorem", IEEE Range Resolution Equations", IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and The Gross-Pitaevskii equation as presented in Eq. (1.9) relies on one single- particle state Mω2ρ2 i ),.
Lagrange equation in polar coordinates
Aug 23, 2016 Euclidean geodesic problem, we could have used polar coordinates (r, Formulating the Euler–Lagrange equations in these coordinates and
Lagrange equation in polar coordinates
theorem 54. björn graneli 50. equation 46.
Lagrange equation in polar coordinates
Find maximum and Cylindrical coordinates (p, , z) x = p cos Q y= p sin v. 2=Z.
Lager 157 karlstad öppettider jul
The frame is rotating with angular velocity ω 0.
Before going further let's see the Lagrange's equations (b) in this case employing spherical polar equations. =. The Lagrangian for the above problem in spherical coordinates (2d polar so the Euler–Lagrange equations are.
Meringue cookies
Lagrange equation in polar coordinates
The Gross-Pitaevskii equation as presented in Eq. (1.9) relies on one single- particle state Mω2ρ2 i ),. (1.13) where we have introduced cylindrical coordinates (ρ, ϕ) and assumed all parti- where is a Lagrange multiplier. The resulting
I have been studying Euler-Lagrange in Variation Calculus. I am comfortable with the formulation when the function under the integral is of the form f = f(x, y).But I am unsure as to how this change for a function given in polar coordinates f = f(r, theta) Lagrange's Equation • For conservative systems 0 ii dL L dt q q ∂∂ −= ∂∂ • Results in the differential equations that describe the equations of motion of the system Key point: • Newton approach requires that you find accelerations in all 3 directions, equate F=ma, solve for the constraint forces, ﬁrst variation of the action to zero gives the Euler-Lagrange equations, d dt momentumz }| {pσ ∂L ∂q˙σ = forcez}|{Fσ ∂L ∂qσ.
Av installationer
Derive the. Lagrangian and the Lagrange equation using the polar angle θ as the unconstrained generalized coordinate. Find a conserved quantity, and find the
mat 73. integral 69. vector 69. matris 57.
Mar 4, 2019 First, let me start with Newton's 2nd Law in polar coordinates (I Of course the mass cancels – but now I can solve the first equation for \ddot{r}
"On Backward p(x)-Parabolic Equations for Image Enhancement", Numerical Log-Polar Transform", Local Single-Patch Features for Pose Estimation Using Equations And Polar Coordinates; Curves Defined by Parametric Equations Project: Quadratic Approximations and Critical Points; Lagrange Multipliers Euler-Lagrange equations are derived for the shape in magnetic fields polar and apolar phases of a large number of chemical compounds. cylindrical hole being the region where the magnetic ﬁeld is rather uniform ensure the x-y coordinate readout, a solution exploiting two silicon equation describing the particle helix trajectory in magnetic ﬁeld where λare variable Lagrange multiplier parameters, while µis the penalty term ﬁxed to 0.1 But in algebra, conceived as the rules by which equations and their as the ratio of the equatorial axis to the difference between the equatorial and polar axes. [11] Charles Borda, J.L. Lagrange, A.L. Lavoisier, Matthieu Tillet, and M.J.A.N. Kepler's equation · Keplerate · LQG · LU · Lagrange's equations · Lagrangian plane curve · plus-minus sign · point function · point group · polar · polar cone eq = equation; fcn = function; sth = something; Th = theorem; transf = transformation; constraint (Lagrange method) constraint equation (= equation constraint) curvilinear coordinates cylindrical [polar] coordinates spherical av XB Zhang · 2015 — the HJB equations (6.1) and (6.3), one can get the consumers and producers' The optimization problem can be represented by the Lagrangian L = θc(qA) + πiφ( a polar extreme case where γ = 0, which represents the extreme case where 9 characteristic karakteristisk ekv, equation sekularekv. constraint bivillkor (Lagrange method) constraint equation bivillkor = equation constraint (i given bas) curvilinear coordinates kroklinjiga koordinater cylindrical [polar] coordinates undersöks bara för öppna mängder, på randen är det Lagrange som gäller! D är r-enkelt (radiellt): beräkna dubbelintegralen dxdy m.h.a. polär koordi- last two equations C3 = 1, from which C2 = 1 and finally from first equation C1 = −1.
A + B + C = 540° - (a' + equations (16), (19) we get, by multiplication, I fwe describe a great circle B'D'G\ with ^ as polar, equation (67) Lagrange, Cauchy, or even stars of a much lessermagnitude. . . ." and polar coordinates in three dimensions, second degree equations in three Generalized coordinates; D' Alembert's principle and Lagrange's equations; characteristic equation characteristic value chart to check checkerboard (Am) constraint (Lagrange method) constraint equation = equation constraint subject to the circular cylinder parabolic cylinder cylindrical coordinates cylindriska 3 Lagrange Multipliers 4 Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates "You should first determine the projection of the region on a coordinate plane, namely, the transformations, the equivalence principle and solutions of the field equations particle physics. 60.


text:
1995 Volume 115 Issue 10 Pages _PHONE_
The authors have been developing a high speed hydraulic servo valve (Linear Servo Valve, LSV), which has a dynamic response of a 90° phase lag at 500Hz and the rated flow of 40L/min, with a high response linear DC motor to improve the accuracy and the productivity of sheet metal machines. This paper describes a large capacity and high speed two-stage LSV used the LSV as a pilot valve and its application to a hydraulic turret punch press. The following points are obtained:
(1) The two-stage LSV exhibits a dynamic response of a 90° phase lag at 100Hz. It is clarified that the dynamic response of the two-stage LSV is 25% higher than that of the conventional three-stage hydraulic valves.
(2) High ram speed of the hydraulic turret punch press, 2times higher than that of the conventional machine using the three-stage hydraulic servo valve, has been realized by adopting the two-stage LSV.
(3) The hydraulic turret punch press using the two-stage LSV is able to reduce the power consumption to 91% in comparison with the conventional machine using the three-stage hydraulic servo valve.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Abstract
Hypergeometric functions of matrix arguments occur frequently in multivariate statistical analysis. In this paper, we define and study extended forms of Gauss and confluent hypergeometric functions of matrix arguments and show that they occur naturally in statistical distribution theory.
1. Introduction
The classical beta function, denoted by , is defined (Luke [1]) by the integral Based on the beta function, the Gauss hypergeometric function, denoted by , and the confluent hypergeometric function, denoted by , for , are defined as (Luke [1]) Further, using the series expansions of , , and in (2) and (3), respectively, series representations of hypergeometric functions and , for , are obtained as respectively.
From the confluent hypergeometric function , the Whittaker function (Whittaker and Watson [2]) is defined as where . Most of the properties and integral representations of the Whittaker function can be proved from those of the confluent hypergeometric function.
In 1997, Chaudhry et al. [3] extended the classical beta function to the whole complex plane by introducing in the integrand of (1) the exponential factor with . Thus, the extended beta function is defined as where . If we take in (7), then for and we have . Further, replacing by in (7), one can see that . The rationale and justification for introducing this function are given in Chaudhry et al. [3] where several properties and a statistical application have also been studied. Miller [4] further studied this function and has given several additional results.
In 2004, Chaudhry et al. [5] presented definitions of the extended Gauss hypergeometric function and the extended confluent hypergeometric function, denoted by and , respectively. These functions were introduced by considering the extended beta function (7) instead of beta function (1) in the general term of series (4) and (5). They defined these functions as Using the integral representation of the extended beta function (7) in (8) and (9), the integral representations of extended hypergeometric functions, for and , are obtained as
Substituting in (8) or (10), we have ; that is, the classical Gauss hypergeometric function is a special case of the extended Gauss hypergeometric function. Similarly, by taking in (9) or (11), we have , which means that the classical confluent hypergeometric function is a special case of the extended confluent hypergeometric function. Chaudhry et al. [5] found that the extended hypergeometric functions are related to the extended beta, Bessel, and Whittaker functions and also gave several alternative integral representations.
The classical functions, such as gamma, beta, confluent hypergeometric, Gauss hypergeometric, Bessel, and Whittaker, have been generalized to the matrix case and their properties have been studied extensively. For example, see Butler and Wood [68], Herz [9], Constantine [10], James [11], Muirhead [12], and Gupta and Nagar [13]. Many distributions of random matrices and their functions such as determinant and trace and moments of test statistics can be expressed in terms of hypergeometric functions of matrix arguments. For some recent work, the reader is referred to Bekker et al. [14, 15], Bekker et al. [16], and Gupta and Nagar [17]. Recently, Nagar et al. [18] have defined and studied the extended beta function of matrix argument.
The extended Gauss hypergeometric function and extended confluent hypergeometric function have not been generalized to the matrix case and therefore the main objective of this work is to define these generalizations, give various integral representations, study their properties, and establish their relationships with other special functions of matrix argument.
This paper is divided into eight sections. Section 2 deals with some well-known definitions and results on matrix algebra, multivariate gamma function, multivariate beta function, and special functions. In Section 3, the extended Gauss hypergeometric function of matrix argument has been defined and its properties have been studied. Section 4 deals with the extended confluent hypergeometric function of matrix argument and Section 5 defines the extended Whittaker function of matrix argument. Section 6 is devoted to several integrals involving these newly defined functions. The results contained in this section show the relationship of these functions with some known special functions. Finally, Sections 7 and 8 give a number of matrix variate distributions.
2. Some Known Definitions and Results
This section provides definitions and important properties of some classical special functions that are critical to the development of this work.
Replacing the confluent hypergeometric function that appears in (6) by its integral representation (3), we obtain the integral representation of the Whittaker function as
Another integral representation of is obtained by substituting in (12), to get Further, application of Kummer's transformation, namely, in (6) yields
Let be an matrix of real or complex numbers. Then, denotes the transpose of ; ; ; determinant of means that is symmetric positive semidefinite; means that is symmetric positive definite, means that both and are symmetric positive definite, and denotes the unique positive definite square root of .
Several generalizations of Euler's gamma function are available in the scientific literature. The multivariate gamma function which is frequently used in multivariate statistical analysis is defined by (Ingham [19] and Siegel [20]) where and the integration is carried out over symmetric positive definite matrices. By evaluating the above integral, it is easy to see that Let be an symmetric positive definite matrix and make the transformation , where is the positive definite square root of , with the Jacobian . Then, The above result also holds for complex symmetric with by analytic continuation. The multivariate generalization of the beta function is given by where and .
Siegel [20] established the identity which can be derived from (19) by using the matrix transformation with the Jacobian .
The type 3 Bessel function of Herz (Herz [9, p. 517, p. 506]), , of symmetric positive definite matrix argument is defined by
The Gauss hypergeometric function of symmetric matrix argument , denoted by , is defined by where , , and . The confluent hypergeometric function of symmetric matrix argument , denoted by , is defined by where and . If we make the transformation in (22) and (23) with the Jacobian , we obtain alternative integral representations for and as Further, substituting with the Jacobian in (24), we get another interesting integral form of as Putting in (22) and evaluating the resulting integral using (19), one obtains where . Putting in (26) and using (20), one can easily show that Transforming , (23) becomes A comparison of (23) and (29) leads to the well-known Kummer's relation (Herz [9, Eq. 2.8, p. 488]): Further, by using the transformation , (23) can be written as
For properties and further results on these functions, the reader is referred to Constantine [10], James [11], Muirhead [12], and Gupta and Nagar [13]. The numerical computation of a hypergeometric function of matrix arguments is very difficult. However, some numerical methods are proposed in recent years; see Hashiguchi et al. [21] and Koev and Edelman [22].
Also, in 1968, Abdi [23] defined the Whittaker function of matrix argument expressing it in terms of a confluent hypergeometric function of matrix argument as where . He also studied several properties and integral representations of this function. It is apparent that, by using different integral representations of in (32), a variety of integral representations for can be obtained. For example, using (31) in (32), we get
Next, we give definition and properties of the extended beta function of matrix argument due to Nagar et al. [18].
Definition 1. The extended matrix variate beta function, denoted by , is defined as where and are arbitrary complex numbers and .
From the definition, it is apparent that the function is invariant under the transformation , ; thereby, is a function of the eigenvalues of the matrix . If we take in (34), then for and we have . Further, replacing by in (34), one can show that .
Now, applying the transformation in (34) with the Jacobian , we arrive at If we take in (35) and compare the resulting expression with (21), we obtain an interesting relation between the extended matrix variate beta function and the type 3 Bessel function of Herz as Also, from (20) and (35), one can prove the inequality
Let be a scalar valued function of an symmetric positive definite matrix such that , . Then, the -transform of , denoted by , is defined by where .
The -transform of the extended beta function of the matrix argument is given by where , , and .
3. Extended Gauss Hypergeometric Function of Matrix Argument
In this section, we define the extended Gauss hypergeometric function of matrix argument (EGHFMA), which is a matrix variate generalization of the extended Gauss hypergeometric function (10) and an extended form of the classical Gauss hypergeometric function of


text:
Jamaica Latitude and Longitude Map
Jamaica's latitude and longitude is 18° 15' N and 77° 30' W. Below is the map of Jamaica showing major towns, roads, airports with latitudes and longitudes plotted on it.
Search ForLatitude &
* Put South & West values with minus ( - ) sign.
|Description: Find Jamaica latitude and longitude map showing comprehensive details including cities, roads, towns, airports and much more.||Disclaimer|
The geographical alignment of Jamaica includes latitude of 18° 15' N and longitude of 77° 30' W. The particular latitude of Jamaica shows its position in Northern Hemisphere and its moderate proximity to the equator.
The country of Jamaica has an area of 10,991 square kilometers. The terrain of Jamaica is pervaded by crags and cliffs, while the shore line is broken and irregular.
The climate of Jamaica is tropical and the conditions are warm and humid. The central part is dominated by moderate weather. The latitude and the longitude of Kingston, the capital of Jamaica, are 18° 00' N and 76° 48' W respectively. The time followed in Jamaica is UTC-5 which signifies that the standard time of Jamaica is similar as Washington.
|Annotto Bay||18°17'N||76°45'W||Black River||18°00'N||77°50'W||Cambridge||18°18'N||77°54'W||Falmouth||18°30'N||77°40'W||Kingston||18°00'N||76°50'W||Lucea||18°25'N||78°10'W||May Pen||17°58'N||77°15'W||Montego Bay||18°30'N||78°0'W||Morant Cays||17°22'N||76°0'W||Morant Pt.||17°55'N||76°12'W||Negril||18°22'N||78°20'W||Pedro Cays||17°05'N||77°48'W||Port Antonio||18°10'N||76°30'W||Port Maria||18°25'N||76°55'W||Port Morant||17°54'N||76°19'W||St. Ann's Bay||18°26'N||77°15'W||Savanna-la-Mar||8°10'N||78°10'W||South Negril Pt.||18°14'N||78°30'W|

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Green Your Sports: Eco-Friendly Skiing
Tip #3: Ski Green
Though skiing isn't the greenest of sports (resorts guzzle freshwater for artificial powder and electricity for lifts), some destinations have opted to use wind power and recycled snow instead. Help green the sport by strapping on eco-skis when hitting the slopes. Grab an old pair from a friend, buy used, or invest in skis from an earth-conscious company. Lokomotiv Skis, for example, plants a tree for every pair they produce, and make their gear from bamboo.
Tell us: How do you green your ski trip?

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Simple Poetry LessonThe Sonnet
The sonnet, also known in Italian as a'sonetto' or 'little song', is great as a starting point if you are just dipping your toes into the poetry world. The beauty of a sonnet is that there is a lot of flexibility in its rhyming schemes to develop an emotional and thought-provoking piece, even in its strict form.
The sonnet is a 14 line poem the consists of one stanza. The stanza (a group of lines) is written in iambic pentameter - a line of 5 metrical feet. The iambic Pentameter consists of 10 syllables that include 5 non stressed (short) syllables followed by a stressed (long) syllable. So, five metrical feet.
Example: I enjoy a bottle of Lambrini
Here are 4 major points to consider with a sonnet
 1. The traditional type of sonnet is written in iambic pentameter
 2. The sonnet is usually 14 lines in length
 3. There are six major types of sonnet-Italian Sonnet, Shakespearean, Spenserian, Miltonic Sonnet, Terza Rima, Curtal. (literary devices, online 2020)
 4. A sonnet has a particular rhyme scheme, dependent on the type of sonnet you have chosen.
Here is my attempt at a sonnet.
© 2020 by _USER_ Please note : As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases


text:
The Washington Aqueduct produces drinking water for approximately one million citizens living, working, or visiting in the District of Columbia, Arlington County, Virginia, and the City of Falls Church, Virginia, and its service area.
A division of the Baltimore District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Aqueduct is a federally owned and operated public water supply agency that produces an average of 180 million gallons of water per day at two treatment plants located in the District of Columbia. All funding for operations, maintenance, and capital improvements comes from revenue generated by selling drinking water to the three jurisdictions.
The Corps of Engineers designed, built, and, in 1859, began operating the Aqueduct. Since then, the Corps has substantially expanded and improved the capacity and function of the Aqueduct from its original mission of supplying raw river water to a sparsely populated District of Columbia to today's mission of providing safe drinking water to a much larger and more populous service area.


text:
England; textile Dutch or German
Silk, linen, pigment
L. at center back 58 in. (147.3 cm)
Purchase, Harris Brisbane Dick Fund, 1995 (1995.235a,b)
This painted silk gown is The Costume Institute's earliest example of the eighteenthcentury fashion for exoticism and chinoiserie. The gown's bold, somewhat fantastical floral pattern, with its use of dense areas of saturated color, is not, however, typical of the more commonly seen Chinese export silks, with their delicate and naturalistic designs.
Technical analyses of The Costume Institute's examples of Chinese export textiles by the Museum's Objects Conservation Laboratories revealed pigments bound in animal glue with underpainted designs in lead white outlined in silver and black paint. In contrast, the analysis of this gown disclosed the presence of a plant gum binder but no underpaint or silver and black painted outlines. Four pigments were used to create the palette—Prussian blue, gamboge, and red and brown lake—suggesting that the gown is most likely of European manufacture.
As early as the late eighteenth century, factories had been established in England, France, Holland, and Germany to replicate Chinese painted silks. Huguenots had begun to produce silks in Germany with the support of the Prussian governor, and it is likely that this textile is of Dutch or German origin. In addition, evidence suggests that the gown itself was constructed in England and thus is an exceedingly vivid surviving example of the intersecting transits of culture and commerce that permeated the period.


text:
In power system switching transients occur during normal switching. Not only
they depend on the system parameters, but also time affects the evolving inrush
transients. For this reason switching operations performed with appropriate timing can
minimize the harmful effects, thus the lifetime of equipment can be prolonged.
Point on wave closing method is mainly used in highvoltage systems. It is not
applied for lower voltage levels because of its complexity and high cost.
In my thesis I examine the feasibility of point on wave closing on low voltage
with injected pulse between the contacts. I create a control which is able to carry out
the process, furthermore, I examine how can the generated transient current in case of a
three-phase capacitor bank be minimized.


Blue Dyers Woad Isatis Tinctoria Indigotica Seeds
Out of stock
Please read text!
Blue Dyers Woad Isatis Tinctoria Indigotica Seeds
Big packet of 50+ seeds!
Commonly called Woad, but also known as Da quing ye, Tein-ching, Wad, French Guede, Guede, Guado, Glastum, Pastel, Weat, Indigowoad root, Ban lan gen, Radix isatidis, Isatis indigotica, and finally, most commonly of all, blue dyers woad.
It is an important plant historically in traditional Chinese medicine, where it is called Tein ching and used for blood disorders and cancer. The dried roots are harvested, ground, and made into a strong tea which is very popular throughout China and other parts of Asia. That said, the risk of allergic reactions is very real, as is dizzy spells, and at very very high doses, even kidney damage.
Research is currently still ongoing into its usefulness as a cancer treatment, due to it's very high levels of glucobrassicin, particularly in damaged young growth.
When stressed by grazing or harvest it can produce >65% more glucobrassicin than is normally present in healthy plants, and this is thought to be one of the key active ingredients.
Time will tell.
For the moment I do not recommend consumption in any way, at all, but it does make a cool dye!
So much in fact that UK production has increased to meet the demands of modern inkjet printers, and as a base ingredient for blue, black, and purple dyes.
Its sustainability, biodegradability, and general all round environmental safety has led to use as a wood protectant in Germany, much like our CCA (Copper Chrome Arsenate) "treated pine" over here…
There you have it, another handy dye plant.
Wild harvested sustainably, no chems, no nasties, no problems!!!


text:
inner angle of a triangle in the 4th dimension
- To: mathgroup at smc.vnet.net
- Subject: [mg26324] inner angle of a triangle in the 4th dimension
- From: "Jacky Vaillancourt"
- Date: Sun, 10 Dec 2000 21:38:07 -0500 (EST)
- Sender: owner-wri-mathgroup at wolfram.com
Hi, i have a basic problem. I can't see my mistake can somebody help me?
Here's the problem:
I want to calculate each angle of the triangle formed by those three dots.
P:=(0,1,0,1), Q:=(3,2,-2,1), R:=(3,5,-1,3)
u:=PQ -> (3-0,2-1,-2-0,1-1) -> (3,1,-2,0)
v:=QR -> (3-3,5-2,-1-(-2),3-1) -> (0,3,1,2)
w:=PR -> (3-0,5-1,-1-0,3-1) -> (3,4,-1,2)
The formula to have the angle between tho vector is:
The formula to calculate the length is SQRT(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2)
So, the angle between u and v is:
ARCCOS(ABS(15)/(SQRT(14)*SQRT(30))) = 42.95 deg
the angle between v and w is:
ARCCOS(ABS(-15)/(SQRT(30)*SQRT(14)))= 42.95 deg
the angle between u and w is:
ARCCOS(ABS(-1)/(SQRT(30)*SQRT(14)))= 85.9 deg
Here's the problem 180-85.9-42.95-42.95= 8.2 deg
I'm missing 8.2 deg....
I hope you'll understand what i wrote, i'm not used to write in english...
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Using data to enhance our understanding of the urban environment and design fair and sustainable stormwater fees
The City of St. Petersburg is required to convey and treat stormwater runoff before it enters local bays and surface waters. To cover the costs of this requirement, the city charges user fees based on the amount of impervious surface found on properties. Single-family residential properties are charged a flat fee, while all others are charged a fee based on their unique amount of impervious area. As part of a recent utility rate study, the city expressed an interest in looking at the feasibility of a residential fee structure based on ranges or tiers of impervious area to better correlate to the volume of stormwater created by different residential properties.
That's where our team was engaged – our financial services group created an innovative, data-driven method to understand the impacts of implementing a tier-based rate structure. Specifically, the team captured the impervious area for about 1,300 residential properties, and ensured that the properties included in the sample were consistent with the residential property size distribution of the full city. The percentage of impervious area to parcel size from the sample was applied to all residential parcels to establish an estimated impervious area database for creating a tiered structure and evaluating customer impacts. We then utilized our FAMS application and a novel data visualization approach that allowed for on-the-fly changes to the rate structure and real time GIS feedback, including a map illustrating the location of residential parcels and bill impacts.
The ability to display complicated data into an approachable, visually-appealing way has helped the city engage their stakeholders and then garner buy-in to a very different fee schedule. In this case, data is priceless!
We're better together
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Partner with us today to change how tomorrow looks. You're exactly what's needed to help us make it happen in your community.Contact Us
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text:
Martin married Anna Elizabeth Wotring, daughter of Abraham Wotring and Anna Margaretha Mertz.1 2 (Anna Elizabeth Wotring was born in Fénétrange, , Lorraine, FRA 4 and was christened on 29 Jan 1730 in Diedendorf: Diedendorf Reformed Church, Bas-Rhin, Alsace, FRA 5.)
Roberts, Charles Rhodes, History Of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, Volume III (Allentown, Pa., Lehigh Valley Pub. Co., 1914.
3 volumes, illustrated, maps.
Prepared by a committee appointed by the Lehigh County Historical Society; chapters contributed by various writers.).
Pennsylvania Archives, Volume 6, Egypt Reformed Church Records _PHONE_ (_URL_
"Baptismal Record of the congregation on the Lehigh, in which are recorded the names of the children baptized, the names of their parents, and also the names of the sponsors. Commenced March 22, 1739."
J. Henricus Goetschius, M. Helvetico Tigurinus.).
3 Carroll Hamlet (_EMAIL_).
4 Bell, Raymond Martin, The Woodring - Watring - Wotring Family of Pennsylvania (Washington, PA.).
5 Burgert, Annette Kunselman, Eighteenth Century Emigrants from the Northern Alsace to America (Camden, Maine: Picton Press, 1992.), Page 552.


text:
Last night's event, "Sydney – Back to Basics Asset Management on the Country Regional (Rail) Network," was an enlightening journey through the complexities and strategies of managing the vast array of assets within the Country Regional Network (CRN). Hosted on 27 March, it was a session filled with invaluable insights, especially for professionals in the rail, infrastructure, and asset management sectors.
Luke Cunningham, the Head of Asset and Engineering at UGL Regional Lynx, led the session, sharing his profound knowledge and experience. With an impressive career dedicated to the rail industry, particularly within the NSW Country Regional Network, Luke's expertise was evident as he described the scale of the CRN, the diversity of asset types and their ages, and the strategic thinking required for effective asset management.
The CRN is a testament to the complexity and necessity of innovative asset management strategies in ensuring the reliability and efficiency of regional rail services. Luke's discussion highlighted the importance of understanding the vast range of asset types, from tracks to trains, and the unique challenges presented by their varying life cycles.
For those of us passionate about infrastructure and the critical role of railways in connecting communities, Luke's insights were not just informative but inspiring. His dedication to improving work practices, developing maintenance strategies, and enhancing asset intelligence shines a light on the path forward for the industry.
A huge thank you to Luke Cunningham for sharing his expertise, to Ausgrid for the use of their venue, and to everyone who attended the event. The discussions and questions raised were a testament to the vibrant community we have in the rail, infrastructure, and asset management sectors. Let's continue to share knowledge, challenge norms, and drive innovation in our fields.


RSyslog Documentation
imudp: UDP Syslog Input Module
Module Name:imudp
Author:Rainer Gerhards <>
Provides the ability to receive syslog messages via UDP.
Multiple receivers may be configured by specifying multiple input statements.
Note that in order to enable UDP reception, Firewall rules probably need to be modified as well. Also, SELinux may need additional rules.
Notable Features
Configuration Parameters
Parameter names are case-insensitive.
Module Parameters
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
This is a performance optimization. Getting the system time is very costly. With this setting, imudp can be instructed to obtain the precise time only once every n-times. This logic is only activated if messages come in at a very fast rate, so doing less frequent time calls should usually be acceptable. The default value is two, because we have seen that even without optimization the kernel often returns twice the identical time. You can set this value as high as you like, but do so at your own risk. The higher the value, the less precise the timestamp.
Note: the timeRequery is done based on executed system calls (not messages received). So when batch sizes are used, multiple messages are received with one system call. All of these messages always receive the same timestamp, as they are effectively received at the same time. When there is very high traffic and successive system calls immediately return the next batch of messages, the time requery logic kicks in, which means that by default time is only queried for every second batch. Again, this should not cause a too-much deviation as it requires messages to come in very rapidly. However, we advise not to set the "timeRequery" parameter to a large value (larger than 10) if input batches are used.
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
Can be used the set the scheduler priority, if the necessary functionality is provided by the platform. Most useful to select "fifo" for real-time processing under Linux (and thus reduce chance of packet loss). Other options are "rr" and "other".
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
Scheduling priority to use.
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
This parameter is only meaningful if the system support recvmmsg() (newer Linux OSs do this). The parameter is silently ignored if the system does not support it. If supported, it sets the maximum number of UDP messages that can be obtained with a single OS call. For systems with high UDP traffic, a relatively high batch size can reduce system overhead and improve performance. However, this parameter should not be overdone. For each buffer, max message size bytes are statically required. Also, a too-high number leads to reduced efficiency, as some structures need to be completely initialized before the OS call is done. We would suggest to not set it above a value of 128, except if experimental results show that this is useful.
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
New in version 7.5.5.
Number of worker threads to process incoming messages. These threads are utilized to pull data off the network. On a busy system, additional threads (but not more than there are CPUs/Cores) can help improving performance and avoiding message loss. Note that with too many threads, performance can suffer. There is a hard upper limit on the number of threads that can be defined. Currently, this limit is set to 32. It may increase in the future when massive multicore processors become available.
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
New in version 8.37.0.
This parameter is for controlling the case in fromhost. If preservecase is set to "on", the case in fromhost is preserved. E.g., 'Host1.Example.Org' when the message was received from 'Host1.Example.Org'. Default to "off" for the backword compatibility.
Input Parameters
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
Local IP address (or name) the UDP server should bind to. Use "*" to bind to all of the machine's addresses.
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
Specifies the port the server shall listen to.. Either a single port can be specified or an array of ports. If multiple ports are specified, a listener will be automatically started for each port. Thus, no additional inputs need to be configured.
Single port: Port="514"
Array of ports: Port=["514","515","10514","…"]
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
New in version 8.18.0.
Manages the IP_FREEBIND option on the UDP socket, which allows binding it to an IP address that is nonlocal or not (yet) associated to any network interface.
The parameter accepts the following values:
 - 0 - does not enable the IP_FREEBIND option on the UDP socket. If the bind() call fails because of EADDRNOTAVAIL error, socket initialization fails.
 - 1 - silently enables the IP_FREEBIND socket option if it is required to successfully bind the socket to a nonlocal address.
 - 2 - enables the IP_FREEBIND socket option and warns when it is used to successfully bind the socket to a nonlocal address.
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
Bind socket to given device (e.g., eth0)
For Linux with VRF support, the Device option can be used to specify the VRF for the Address.
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
Binds the listener to a specific ruleset.
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
New in version 7.3.1.
The rate-limiting interval in seconds. Value 0 turns off rate limiting. Set it to a number of seconds (5 recommended) to activate rate-limiting.
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
New in version 7.3.1.
Specifies the rate-limiting burst in number of messages.
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
New in version 8.3.3.
Specifies the value of the inputname property. In older versions, this was always "imudp" for all listeners, which still is the default. Starting with 7.3.9 it can be set to different values for each listener. Note that when a single input statement defines multiple listener ports, the inputname will be the same for all of them. If you want to differentiate in that case, use "name.appendPort" to make them unique. Note that the "name" parameter can be an empty string. In that case, the corresponding inputname property will obviously also be the empty string. This is primarily meant to be used together with "name.appendPort" to set the inputname equal to the port.
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
New in version 7.3.9.
Appends the port the inputname property. Note that when no "name" is specified, the default of "imudp" is used and the port is appended to that default. So, for example, a listener port of 514 in that case will lead to an inputname of "imudp514". The ability to append a port is most useful when multiple ports are defined for a single input and each of the inputnames shall be unique. Note that there currently is no differentiation between IPv4/v6 listeners on the same port.
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
This is an experimental parameter; details may change at any time and it may also be discontinued without any early warning. Permits to set a default timezone for this listener. This is useful when working with legacy syslog (RFC3164 et al) residing in different timezones. If set it will be used as timezone for all messages that do not contain timezone info. Currently, the format must be "+/-hh:mm", e.g. "-05:00", "+01:30". Other formats, including TZ names (like EST) are NOT yet supported. Note that consequently no daylight saving settings are evaluated when working with timezones. If an invalid format is used, "interesting" things can happen, among them malformed timestamps and rsyslogd segfaults. This will obviously be changed at the time this feature becomes non-experimental.
typedefaultmandatoryobsolete legacy directive
New in version 7.3.9.
This request a socket receive buffer of specific size from the operating system. It is an expert parameter, which should only be changed for a good reason. Note that setting this parameter disables Linux auto-tuning, which usually works pretty well. The default value is 0, which means "keep the OS buffer size unchanged". This is a size value. So in addition to pure integer values, sizes like "256k", "1m" and the like can be specified. Note that setting very large sizes may require root or other special privileges. Also note that the OS may slightly adjust the value or shrink it to a system-set max value if the user is not sufficiently privileged. Technically, this parameter will result in a setsockopt() call with SO_RCVBUF (and SO_RCVBUFFORCE if it is available). (Maximum Value: 1G)
Statistic Counter
If an "inputname" is defined for a listener, that inputname is used instead of "imudp" as statistic name. For example, if the inputname is set to "myudpinut", that corresponding statistic name in above case would be "myudpinput(*:514)". This has been introduced in 7.5.3.
The following properties are maintained for each listener:
 - submitted - total number of messages submitted for processing since startup
The worker thread (in short: worker) statistic is named "imudp(wX)" where "X" is the worker thread ID, which is an monotonically increasing integer starting at 0. This means the first worker


text:
It is the task of the person on duty to check the NOTCam temperature
status and possibly fill NOTCam with LN2.
NOTCam should be filled every morning whenever it is mounted
on the telescope to make sure it stays at operating temperature.
The reason for filling in the morning rather than in the afternoon
is that if the temperature starts rising in the morning due to
spilling at night, NOTCam will have time to come back to operating
temperature before the next night starts.
During storage NOTCam is kept cold by the PTR and regular LN2
fillings whenever needed. Email warnings will be sent out to staff
when the detector temperature reaches above -192
degrees. Then it is time to fill it. This limit has been set very
conservatively. If the PTR works well, you have plenty of time before
anything becomes urgent, and you can typically wait until the next
morning if the first email comes in the early evening. NB! If the
PTR is not working, you should act quickly!
If you want to check the NOTCam temperatures more in detail, you
can check the
TMS monitoring on the web. You can also do
ssh -l obs marissa from any terminal using the usual
password. Check the temperature and pressure log file with the command
tail -f /home/software/notcam/NOTCAM_temp. Each five minutes
four different temperatures and the pressure is updated. The first
temperature is the cold table, the next is the outer vessel (typically
reflecting the dome temperature), the third is the center wheel section,
and the forth is the array temperature. The last value is the pressure


text:
National Input Documents (NIDs) from the tiger range States were
distributed today at the Kathmandu Workshop and all the range States
made presentations on these NIDs this afternoon.
At least three of these NIDs and the presentations this afternoon
covered captive breeding, viz.
China's National Input Document conatined a 2-page section on captive
breeding, and captive breeding is mentioned elsewhere in the document.
However, there is no new information in this that we didn't know of
before, and China did not mention captive breeding at all in their oral
Lao PDR also noted a captive breeding facility that was approved and
established in Lao PDR before its accession to CITES in 2004.
Vietnam also noted that it only allows captive breeding of tigers for
non-commercial purposes in some pilot areas and is assessing these
operations. The document stressed that no usage of dead tigers or parts
is allowed under their regulations. One of the goals identified by the
Vietnam government was to regulate and monitor these facilities by
establishing a national registration system, requiring all such
facilities to develop plans and strategies whose goal would be to
support conservation of wild tigers and support independent joint
monitoring of these facilities by authorized governmental and
There will be discussion tomorrow morning on reflecting on the
challenges and actions needed from these presentations that may need to
be included in a high-level declaration and, on Thursday, there will be
separate sub-groups established for each of the range States to discuss
these NIDs, how the national strategies may be refined, what the role of
the international community and GTI would be, and how the process of
implementation is to be managed.
In addition, the UK also today distributed the EU CoP15 paper, with the
amendment to include captive breeding in Res Conf 12.5.
Sorry but that's all for now – the meeting just started! Sabri Zain
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What was the first military branch
What military branch goes in first in a war?
When were the branches of the military created?
14 June 1775
What are the 7 branches of the military?
The Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, Space Force and Coast Guard are the armed forces of the United States. The Army National Guard and the Air National Guard are reserve components of their services and operate in part under state authority.
Who was first Navy or Marines?
10, right? Shouldn't the Navy come first? The reason the Marine Corps has precedence over the Navy is because since 1921 the Marine Corps has been very consistent in citing that its birthdate came as the Continental Congress established the Continental Marines on Nov. 10, 1775.
What is the most dangerous military branch?
The 10 Most Dangerous Jobs in the US Military Explosive ordnance disposal. Infantry. Cavalry. Artillery. Medical. Vehicle transportation. Aviation. Artillery observers.
What is the safest branch of the military?
What military branch is the highest?
Continental Army
You might be interested: How much is the chevy military discount
What branch of military is the easiest?
the Air Force
Has anyone ever served in all 5 branches of the military?
Can a Marine be a Navy SEAL?
Has anyone ever served in all 4 branches of the military?
How large is US military?
about 1.3 million
Why is a Marine not a soldier?
Marines are NOT Soldiers. They are riflemen and amphibious assault experts, meaning they are unsurpassed in attacking land based enemies from the sea. That's what Marines do. Never insult a Marine by calling him/her a " Soldier ".
Why are Marines First to Fight?
Marines are usually deployed first as a smaller unit because that's what they are designed to do. It's easier to deploy/maneuver a small group than a whole battalion. Everyone and every piece is supposed to be battle ready.
You might be interested: How many military bases in japan
What are female Marines called?
When the Marines began recruiting women reservists seven months ago, the Corps decided that its uniformed women would carry no telescoped name like WACs, WAVES or SPARS; they would be Marines. But " women Marines " is a lip-twisting phrase.


text:
PIPES, Free Acid
- MW:302.4 Da
- Appearance:Crystalline powder
- Purity:≥ 99.0 %
PIPES free acid, also known as 1,4-piperazinediethanesulfonic acid, is a Good's buffer notable for having a pKa value similar to ordinary physiological pH. As such, PIPES free acid is frequently used as a buffer in biochemical research.
PIPES free acid has found its way into a number of different areas of research owing to its buffering properties. Research on Good's buffers as a class has investigated their potential as bases of biocompatible ionic liquids as well as their efficacy for regulating pH in IVF processes. PIPES free acid has also been used as a buffering agent in studies relating to pH control in the culturing of mammalian cells.
|Handling||Store in cool, well-ventilated area. Keep away from direct sunlight. Keep container tightly sealed until ready for use. Keep in a dry place.|
|UN #'S||Not Applicable|
|Packing Group||Not Applicable|


text:
EPS CentreScope provides patient level costing while simultaneously supporting the "trading hierarchy" reporting through to service-line, directorate and trust level.
Full reconciliation in terms of cost, income and WTEs to the monthly financial statements from the general ledger.
Provides monthly reporting of both Cost and Income at all levels and includes the facility to "Cost the Budget" against activity targets.
By reporting performance throughout the year, variances can be identified early and the appropriate changes put into place.
Multiple levels of marginal costing (time and event based) are available to assist decision support.
Patient level costing can be scaled to the level of Trust information available; i.e. if little or no information is available for say, Physiotherapy then this can be profiled by the system until the departmental analysis is made available and interfaced. This methodology provides the maximum amount of management information as soon as possible to help understand the business without having to wait for the development and upgrade and implementation of departmental systems.
Manage financial information for hospitals and trusts. Meets the needs of NHS Reference Costing whilst also assisting with management information and HRG cost analysis (HRG costing).


text:
fall and spring candidates for directed teaching will spend at least 10 days in a school setting shadowing a teacher. This activity begins on the first day teachers return to school for pre-planning. The purpose for this experience is to provide insight into the procedures in the opening of school and everything that is involved in preparing for and receiving the students. These two weeks do not count toward the 550 hours of directed teaching. This activity is called the August Experience.
Directed Teaching/Seminar (4895—550 clock hours)
Candidates who successfully complete Methods Block II, as well as meet the additional program criteria, are admitted into Directed Teaching/Seminar and enroll in a 12-semester hour directed teaching culminating clinical experience. Directed Teaching involves a 550-clock hour, all day clinical experience over a 15 week period. Candidates work closely with both a university supervisor and a clinical supervisor in a classroom setting. Candidates are expected to perform all the duties and responsibilities of a veteran teacher, with a minimum of two weeks (10 days) of full-time, all day teaching.
For more information, please contact the Office of Field Experiences, William Hubbard Education Building, Room 307, or call _PHONE_.
Assessment measures used to assess candidate knowledge, skills, and dispositions are identified at each phase of the program and are presented in data tables in the Unit Assessment System.
The first transition point occurs when candidates enter Phase I, Entrance to the Teacher Education Program. In Phase I data collected from candidates include: GPAs, Georgia Assessments for the Certification of Educators (GACE) Basic Skills scores, pre-professional portfolios, interviews for entrance to the program, Regents' Exam, writing sample, background check, dispositions assessments, Pre-Professional Block courses and field experiences, letters of recommendation, proof of liability insurance, membership in a professional organization. Information from these sources combined with faculty observation, and performance in selected courses and activities allows the unit to determine if prospective candidates are prepared for study at the professional education level of the teacher education program.
These data are collected on an ongoing basis as requirements for entrance to the Teacher Education Program (just prior to the beginning of a candidate's junior year).
The second transition point occurs when candidates enter Phase II, Entrance to Clinical Practice (Directed Teaching). In Phase II data collected on candidates include GPAs, GACE Subject Assessment scores, dispositions assessments, interviews for directed teaching, and professional portfolios. These data determine if candidates meet the requirements for entrance to directed teaching.
These data are collected on an ongoing basis and are formally assessed at the beginning of a candidate's senior year.
The third transition point occurs when candidates enter Phase III, Exit from Clinical Practice (Directed Teaching). In Phase III data collected include GPAs, GACE Subject Assessment scores, professional portfolios, dispositions assessments, exit surveys, directed teaching evaluations and completion of the Teacher Education Program. Information from Phase III measures allows the unit to determine the extent to which candidates have mastered the identified outcomes of being competent in content, being competent in pedagogy, possessing a caring disposition, appreciating diversity, and being skilled in the use of technology at the level of proficient educators.
These data are collected on an ongoing basis and are formally collected/assessed at the end of a candidate's senior year. They are a requirement for a recommendation for completion of the Teacher Education Program and for certification.
The fourth transition point occurs when graduates enter Phase IV, Entrance to the Profession. In Phase IV data collected include Graduate Surveys, Employer Surveys, and Alumni Surveys. Information from Phase IV measures allows the unit to determine the extent to which graduates have mastered the identified outcomes.
These data are collected at the end of a graduate's first year of teaching.
The progress of all students who are admitted into or are applying for admission into any initial or advanced program is monitored from the point of entrance to the program until they exit the program and enter the profession. This scrutiny begins in the first two years when candidates are enrolled in introductory education courses. It continues as candidates are admitted to the Teacher Education Program. Included are multiple assessments at four major Phases (transition points) in the program. A full description of the assessments used is included in the Unit Assessment System. The table below outlines the transition points and examples of assessments for each:
Transition Points (Phases) and Assessments – Initial Program
Phase I – Entrance to the Teacher Education Program
(Should be completed by the beginning of junior year)
- 2.70 or better GPA
- Georgia Assessments for the Certification of Educators (GACE) Basic Skills
- Pre-professional electronic portfolio
- Successful interview and presentation
- Background Check
- Satisfactory ratings on Dispositions Assessments
- Satisfactory completion of Pre-Professional Block
- Satisfactory completion of Educator Ethics – Program Entry (350)
Block courses and field experiences
- Acceptable Letters of Recommendation (3)
- Proof of Liability Insurance
- Membership in Professional Organization (GAESP, SPAGE or NAAE)
Phase II – Entrance to Clinical Practice
(Directed Teaching – Should be completed by beginning of senior year)
- 2.90 or better GPA
- Georgia Assessments for the Certification of Educators (GACE) Subject Assessment
- Satisfactory Ratings on Dispositions Assessments
- Interviews for Directed Teaching
- Development of Professional Electronic Portfolio
- Educator Ethics – Program Exit (360)
Phase III – Exit from Clinical Practice
(Directed Teaching/Exit from Program – Should be completed by end of Senior Year)
- 2.90 or Better GPA
- Georgia Assessments for the Certification of Educators (GACE) Subject Assessment
- Professional Portfolio
- Dispositions Assessments
- Exit surveys
- Directed Teaching Evaluations
- Completion of the Teacher Education Program
Phase IV Entrance to the Profession
(Should be completed at the end of a graduate's first year of teaching)
- Graduate Surveys
- Employer Surveys
- Alumni Surveys


text:
Easy Kumpir (Jacket Potato) Recipe
Kumpir or kompir is the name given to potatoes in my hometown. Although it is a word that is generally preferred by the elderly, it has not been used yet. It is thought that it was derived from the word "grundbirne", which means potato in German, and entered our country during the migrations over the Balkans and spread to Anatolia from there.
In different regions, it has taken the forms of "kumpir, gumpir, kumpil, gompil, hompur, humpur, kübül, guüpür" by changing it to fit the dialect of the people best. I think the word that best supports the theory that the word derives from German is the word "Alamangumpili" used by the people of Afyon.
Potatoes entered our country from different country borders at the beginning of the 19th century. For this reason, the pronunciation in the regions also reflects the pronunciation in the countries where it is taken. In Thrace and other provinces that have migrated through this road, the word is said as kumpir and its derivatives, which I have mentioned above, since the word was taken from Bulgaria.
In the Black Sea, the words kartol, kartop, karton, garduf, kardoğ, etc., which are derived from the word cartofel, are used because it was taken from Russia. In the regions that take the word from the Caucasus, patata, patalak, pitana, pata, etc., which is derived from the word patat. words are used. There is no limit to the words used other than those I have mentioned. Potato is perhaps the food with the most diverse pronunciation in our country.
The entry of kumpir in our country as we know it today coincides with a much later date, in 1991. It is stated in various sources that the potato cooked in aluminum foil in Yugoslavia is obtained by combining it with various salads and sauces and is called "krumpir".
Mr. The protagonist of the Kumpir's adventure that started in Turkey, which has made its name known to the world with the brand "Mr Kumpur", is an entrepreneur from Erzurum named Halit Kesemen.
However, Halit Bey introduced kumpir into our lives, which is produced in industrial ovens and can only be eaten in restaurants and cafes. Now, with this recipe, I intend to bring the kumpir to the houses. This recipe, which can be prepared in a very short time if your cucumber ingredients are ready, can be eaten as a snack on days when you are too lazy to cook and eat, or you can serve it to your guests as a salad.
Enjoy the recipe...
- 5 medium potatoes,
- 1 tablespoon of butter,
- 1 cup of grated gouda / cheddar / swiss cheese,
- Pepperoni / Ham / or any deli you like,
- 1/2 cup cooked (frozen) peas,
- 1/2 boiled carrots (cut into small cubes),
- 1/2 cup cooked (frozen) corn.
- Boil the potatoes,
- Drain and mash them while still hot,
- Stir in the butter, salt and cheese,
- Spread the mixture evenly on a baking dish,
- Cut your pepperoni (or whatever meat you are using) into small cubes and fry in a little oil,
- Then mix the meat with peas, carrots and corn, then spread the mixture evenly over the potato layer,
- Slice and serve.


TARGETjobs black logo
A senior associate at RPC explains what trainees lawyers can expect in a firm's tax dispute team.
Tax law: area of practice
Tax is an area that is always in the newspapers and aspiring lawyers should be aware of political interest in tax rates, says Michelle Sloane – a senior associate at RPC.
Tax is an area that is always in the newspapers, with articles arising from HMRC's investigations, particularly if it involves celebrities and where taxpayers are treated unfairly.
A firm's tax dispute team handles contentious tax matters in both civil and criminal cases. This covers both direct and indirect taxes. On the civil side, cases can be appeals to the specialist tax Tribunals and the higher courts arising from disputed HMRC decisions. Criminal cases involve handling criminal investigations by HMRC, such as dawn raids, arrests, production orders, interviews under caution and Crown Court trials. In this field, common clients include large corporations, retail and entertainment companies, high-net-worth individuals, accountants, football clubs and footballers.
An example of a typical case is a taxpayer participating in a tax avoidance scheme. HMRC will then open an enquiry into this scheme and, following a review, will assess the taxpayer for additional tax. In the vast majority of cases, the taxpayer will appeal against this decision. The First-tier Tribunal then hears the initial appeal. If the party who loses wishes to appeal the decision, the case would move to the Upper Tribunal, then to the Court of Appeal and finally the Supreme Court, who will hand down a final judgement. This appeal process can take a number of years.
What's working life like for tax lawyers?
Solicitors will typically work on up to 15 cases at any one time. A team for a case will usually include a partner, a senior associate, an associate and a trainee. On average, working hours are around 9.00 am to 7.00 pm, but this will depend on the amount of work that needs to be done for the client at any given time. Working through the night or over the weekend happens very rarely, and when this does occur it is due to an urgent matter, such as a dawn raid or an injunction against HMRC if they are considered to be abusing their power.
Tax disputes lawyers tend to be very mobile, attending court, visiting client offices and attending events with colleagues, clients and counsel. There are also opportunities to travel within the UK and Europe, depending on where a client is based and if a case involves cross-border tax disputes, including occasional helicopter and private jet journeys to attend dawn raids and client meetings.
One case can be very different from the next, so the caseload is really varied. Working in tax law also allows you to achieve great results for clients and help to enact the law. However, tax lawyers might have to witness the detrimental effects that an erroneous HMRC decision can have on a client's life – especially as clients under investigation may be convicted of a criminal offence.
What developments in tax law should aspiring lawyers be aware of?
The government has increased HMRC's prosecution targets and clamped down on tax avoidance, such as through investigations into offshore assets. This has resulted in a great increase in new instructions. Tax is an area that is always in the newspapers, with articles arising from HMRC's investigations, particularly if it involves celebrities and where taxpayers are treated unfairly. Developments that aspiring lawyers should keep up to date with include changes in tax legislation, government tax policy and information notices published by HMRC.
What will a trainee lawyer in tax law be doing?
Trainees in a tax disputes team are given a lot of responsibility and work closely with a senior associate. As this area of law is always developing and changing, it provides a lot of variety for trainees – from the facts of the case to the daily tasks they are involved in. These tasks can include attending client meetings and conference calls, drafting correspondence, drafting lists of documents, taking instructions from clients and liaising with counsel; trainees really contribute to the firm's work.
What skills do tax lawyers need?
 - A commercially savvy, solution-focused, reactive and resilient character.
 - Teamworking and collaboration skills.
 - Strong drafting and organisational ability.
 - Attention to detail and the ability to think on your feet.
Types of law practised
 - Dispute resolution law.
MICHELLE SLOANE is a senior associate in the tax disputes group of RPC. She graduated with a degree in law from the University of Canterbury, New Zealand in 2003.
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Substance P
Substance P (SP) is a neuropeptide that is released from specific sensory nerves in response to pain and stress, and plays a central role in the pathogenesis of MPB. SP is directly implicated in the inflammation, catagen induction and growth inhibition that characterizes both Androgenetic and stress related hair loss. If you are treating hair loss it makes sense to counteract Substance P, which can be accomplished a couple of ways, using Substance P antagonists.
Cayenne Pepper, (Capsaicin), is a well documented Substance P antagonist which also causes a rapid and pronounced increase in localized cutaneous IGF-1 (Which antagonizes TGF-b, an inflammatory mediator) resulting in pronounced and sustainable stimulation of hair growth.
In a previous update we featured an Italian patent that detailed the hair growth effects of an oral combo of Resveratrol and Curcumin. The mechanism of action behind this effect that they proposed was that this combination, amongst other things, functioned as a SP antagonist.
Harada et al. tested the hair growth response to oral capsaicin and isoflavone supplementation in humans, with various types of alopecia. In all of the subjects receiving the capsaicin + isoflavone, serum IGF-I was increased after 5 months. 64.5% overall showed regrowth, while it was effective in 88% of subjects with androgenic alopecia. The following photos are results from 4 subjects, subjects A (male) and C (female) have Androgenetic Alopecia.
Effect of oral administration of capsaicin and isoflavone on hair growth in 4 volunteers with alopecia. Hair growth was observed at 5 months after administration of capsaicin and isoflavone in a male volunteer with AGA (54 y.o.) (a), in a male volunteer with AT (29 y.o.) (b), in a female volunteer with AGA (39 y.o.) (c), and in a female volunteer with AA (40 y.o.) (d).
The Resveratrol /Curcumin combination studied by Gigli, Marliani, and Campo was potent enough to induce hair growth in older men with prostate disorders, a typically nonresponsive group with regards to hair loss intervention. This same research team posits that this combo will ameliorate stress related hair loss due to its effects on SP and neurogenic inflammation.
Exposure to full spectrum sunlight evidently antagonizes SP to some degree, and facilitates Vitamin D production, providing a possible theoretical basis for its role in hair loss prevention.


Global Theory of One-frequency Schr¨odinger Operators I: Stratified Analyticity of the Lyapunov Exponent and the Boundary of Nonuniform Hyperbolicity
@inproceedings{Avila2009GlobalTO,
 title={Global Theory of One-frequency Schr¨odinger Operators I: Stratified Analyticity of the Lyapunov Exponent and the Boundary of Nonuniform Hyperbolicity},
 author={Artur Avila},
 year={2009}
}
We study Schrödinger operators with a one-frequency analytic potential, focusing on the transition between the two distinct local regimes characteristic respectively of large and small potentials. From the dynamical point of view, the transition signals the emergence of nonuniform hyperbolicity, so the dependence of the Lyapunov exponent with respect to… CONTINUE READING


text:
The act of booking a trip or hotel stay is often the result of a long and considered journey for travellers. Increasingly, guests are making decisions and purchases in a non-linear fashion, as they make use of the growing amount of resources at their disposal.
Digital platforms and multi-device usage continue to evolve, influencing travellers in a myriad of forms; from when they first decide to travel all the way to the final booking decision. Understanding the methods and paths they employ to conclude their travel plans is a key insight for hotels looking to maximise the number of guests they can reach and convert on a global scale.
While travellers still use offline resources, such as recommendations from family and friends, the amount of online options, both where they can find information and how they view the information, are greater than ever before.
A new report from Expedia Media Solutions and comScore has uncovered some fascinating insights into the path British travellers take to purchase and the resources they interact with along the various stages of their hotel booking experience.
Here are 9 interesting facts we learned about British travellers' booking behaviour:
1. Mobile reigns supreme with agnosticism on the rise
More UK users now engage with travel content on mobile than desktop devices, but multi-device usage has seen the biggest increase. In the space of a year, multi-platform engagement has grown by 15 points to 49%, while mobile-only and desktop-only sit at 28% and 21% respectively.
2. The battle of browsers and applications
Browsers are still the primary source of travel information but apps narrow the gap on mobile devices, with 64% of all travel information accessed via a browser. On mobile devices it is only 53% with app popularity continuing to grow.
3. They take long trips with a friend or spouse
Almost all online bookers travelled with a companion and more than half stayed a week or longer. The report found 88% of travellers sojourned in company while 59% booked trips lasting one to two weeks.
4. They weigh up their options
The majority of travellers began the booking process with multiple destinations in mind – 54% say they consider two or more locations early on.
5. OTAs are the most vital online resource
When deciding on a destination, 15% stated OTAs influenced them the most, ahead of search engines (11%), airline sites (9%), and hotel websites (8%).
6. Social media is a catalyst
Of those surveyed, 13% used social media as a research tool with travel pictures/videos proving the most engaging medium at 31%.
7. Advertising can be effective
Around 30% of respondents admitted advertising did impact their decision when deciding on a destination.
8. Early bird gets the worm
Ad recall is at its highest when travellers are still largely undecided about their plans, with travel packages the most memorable at the beginning of research (64%) while car rental advertising rates the highest directly before booking (27%).
9. Ads are for the younger generations
Interestingly, millennials are 25% more likely to notice travel ads when compared to Gen-X members or baby boomers.
So, how can hotels capitalise on these trends?
It's clear that hotels have a lot to consider in the current industry landscape to attract an optimum slice of the market. Here are the most important tips to consider:
1. OTA connection is a must
It's clear OTAs are a popular and powerful influencer on travellers so any sound business plan will involve connecting your hotel to multiple OTAs. However, remember that the more you have the more complicated it will be to balance and manage them, unless you have a channel manager.
2. Technology is your friend
This is particularly important in relation to mobile devices. By now, most travellers are extremely tech savvy and they use their technology to inform their decisions. With mobile engagement on a trend of exponential growth, it's imperative your hotel's booking information is accessible via a mobile optimised website.
3. Social media and advertising shouldn't be ignored
People are constantly inspired to travel and much of this stimulation stems from social media platforms such as Instagram, Facebook, and Snapchat etc. Additionally, well-placed advertising can have a massive impact on kickstarting a person's desire to travel. Hotel marketers need to keep both these factors in mind when targeting their market.


1. Computer Science Engineering (CSE)
 2. Data Structures (DS)
 3. Non Linear Data Structures - Trees
 4. What maximum difference in heights betwe...
Q.
What maximum difference in heights between the leafs of a AVL tree is possible?
A. log(n) where n is the number of nodes
B. n where n is the number of nodes
C. 0 or 1
D. atmost 1
Answer» A. log(n) where n is the number of nodes
View all MCQs in: Data Structures (DS)
Discussion


text:
Bioethics 25 (9):516-526 (2011)
|Abstract||Objectives: To investigate whether Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong share similar perceptions with their Western counterparts regarding their capacity for autonomous decision-making, and secondarily whether Chinese parents underestimate their adolescent children's desire and capacity for autonomous decision-making.Method:'Healthy Adolescents' and their parents were recruited from four local secondary schools, and 'Sick Adolescents' and their parents from the pediatric wards and outpatient clinics. Their perceptions of adolescents' understanding of illnesses and treatments, maturity in judgment, risk-taking, openness to divergent opinions, pressure from parents and doctors, submission to parental authority and preference for autonomy in medical decision-making are surveyed by a 50-item questionnaire on a five-point Likert scale.Results: Findings indicate that Chinese adolescents aged 14–16 perceive themselves to possess the necessary cognitive abilities and maturity in judgment to be autonomous decision-makers like their Western counterparts. Paradoxically, although they hesitate to assert their autonomy, they are also unwilling to surrender that autonomy to their parents even under coercion or intimidation. Parents tend to underestimate their adolescents' preferences for making autonomous decisions and overestimate the importance of parental authority in decision-making.Conclusion:'14-and-above' Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong perceive themselves as capable of autonomous decision-making in medically-related matters, but hesitate to assert their autonomy, probably because of the Confucian values of parental authority and filial piety that are deeply embedded in the local culture|
|Keywords||No keywords specified (fix it)|
|Through your library||Configure|
Similar books and articles
Ferdinand Schoeman (1985). Parental Discretion and Children's Rights: Background and Implications for Medical Decision-Making. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 10 (1):45-62.
Kate Read, Conrad Vincent Fernandez, Jun Gao, Caron Strahlendorf, Albert Moghrabi, Rebecca Davis Pentz, Raymond Carlton Barfield, Justin Nathaniel Baker, Darcy Santor, Charles Weijer & Eric Kodish, Decision-Making by Adolescents and Parents of Children with Cancer Regarding Health Research Participation.
Kristina Orfali & Elisa Gordon (2004). Autonomy Gone Awry: A Cross-Cultural Study of Parents' Experiences in Neonatal Intensive Care Units. Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 25 (4):329-365.
Ho Mun Chan (2004). Informed Consent Hong Kong Style: An Instance of Moderate Familism. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 29 (2):195 – 206.
Edwin Hui (2008). Parental Refusal of Life-Saving Treatments for Adolescents: Chinese Familism in Medical Decision-Making Re-Visited. Bioethics 22 (5):286-295.
Andy Piker (2011). Balancing Liberation and Protection: A Moderate Approach to Adolescent Health Care Decision-Making. Bioethics 25 (4):202-208.
Victoria A. Miller, William W. Reynolds & Robert M. Nelson (2008). Parent-Child Roles in Decision Making About Medical Research. Ethics and Behavior 18 (2 & 3):161 – 181.
H. U. I. Edwin (2008). Parental Refusal of Life-Saving Treatments for Adolescents: Chinese Familism in Medical Decision-Making Re-Visited. Bioethics 22 (5):286–295.
B. C. Partridge (2010). Adolescent Psychological Development, Parenting Styles, and Pediatric Decision Making. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 35 (5):518-525.
H. U. I. Edwin (2011). Adolescent and Parental Perceptions of Medical Decision-Making in Hong Kong. Bioethics 25 (9):516-526.
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you click a point in the drilled part of your trail and then select What If..., the What If... editor appears. This editor lets you use a slider and changes the data point you selected. Click Submit to apply the change. To reset the dial to its original state, click Reset in the What If... editor.
Other Dial Buttons and Buttons
The other buttons and buttons you may see on dials are listed below. The thresholds for trending and zones are set in the Visual Designer.
Button Action/Information
Time Scroll: Appears at the bottom of the dial when you point to it. Click the left or right buttons to shift through time on a single dial.
Home Context: Appears at the bottom of the dial when you point to it. Click to return a dial to its default time period after shifting it through time.
Warning: Indicates that the account data of the dial falls outside the configured zones for the dial.
Trending Slowly: Indicates that the data in the dial is trending slowly up or down. The colors indicate whether the direction is good or not, where green = good and orange = bad.
Trending Quickly: Indicates that the data in the dial is trending quickly up or down. The colors indicate whether the direction is good or not, where blue = great, green = good, and red = bad.
old:Indicates that the data in the dial has not moved significantly enough to be considered trending up or down.
Bad Zone: Indicates that the data in the dial is in the bad zone (for example, that an account is over budget, or a department is not meeting its sales goals).
Warning Zone: Indicates that the data in the dial is approaching the bad zone (for example, that an account is nearly over budget, or a department is in danger of not meeting its sales goals).
Good Zone: Indicates that the data in the dial is in the good zone (for example, that an account is under budget, or a department is meeting its sales goals).
Excellent Zone: Indicates that the data in the dial is in the excellent zone (for example, that an account is well under budget, or a department has exceeded its sales goals).
 - Cet article vous a été utile?


text:
The Tabot Calendar By Peter Meyer This page first published September 27, 2006 CE = Sawwara 30, 75 H.I.M.
Following the coronation of H.I.M. Haile Selassie 1st on November 2nd, 1930 AD, as Emperor of Abyssinia, an offshoot of Christianity emerged, known as Rastafarianism. The term is derived from Ras Tafari, where Tafari was the birth name of Haile Selassie (born on the 23rd of July 1892), and Ras is a title (like Duke) which he was given on the 11th of February 1917. The Tabot creed holds that Haile Selassie 1st is the second coming of the seed of David in power and that the spiritual significance of his crowning is known as the revelation of Jesus Christ which marks the beginning of a new era.
The Tabot calendar was created by Mark Moore, a.k.a. Ras Mahitema Selassie, and was first published in paper form in 1997. (Tabot is short for The Anointed Body of Testimony = Haile Selassie 1st.) As the rules for the calendar had not been fully worked out a representative of Tabot ministries requested me to ascertain exact rules subject to the following requirements:
- A year is divided into 11 months of 30 days each plus a 12th month of 35 days except that:
- Every fourth year an extra day is added at the end of one of the first 11 months.
- New Years Day in this calendar should always fall on November 2nd in the Gregorian Calendar.
In accordance with these requirements I proposed a definition of the Tabot Calendar as follows:
- Years consist of 365 or 366 consecutive days and are numbered 0, 1, 2, 3,...
- A year is divided into 12 contiguous non-overlapping months, numbered 1 through 12.
- A year numbered N is said to be a long year if and only if at least one of the following is true:
- N+3 is divisible by 4 but N+31 is not divisible by 100.
- N+331 is divisible by 400.
- A year which is not a long year is said to be a normal year.
- Months 1 through 3 and months 5 through 11 each have 30 days.
- Month 4 has 30 days in a normal year and 31 days in a long year.
- Month 12 has 35 days.
- The first day of the first month of the first year (year 0) in the Tabot Calendar coincides with November 2nd, 1930 AD, in the Gregorian Calendar.
The months in the Tabot Calendar are named as follows:
1 Anbassa 30 2 Hymanot 30 3 Immanuel 30 4 Ras 30 or 31 5 Ta'Berhan 30 6 Manassa 30 7 Danaffa 30 8 Negest 30 9 Tafari 30 10 Emru 30 11 Sawwara 30 12 Negus & Dejazmatch 35
The days of the week in the Tabot Calendar are named as follows:
- Ergat (the day of Ascension) corresponds to Sunday.
- Tazajenat (the day of Obedience) corresponds to Monday.
- Kedusenant (the day of Holiness) corresponds to Tuesday.
- Ra'ee (the day of Revelation) corresponds to Wednesday.
- Makrab (the day of Provision) corresponds to Thursday.
- Mamlak (the day of Worship) corresponds to Friday.
- Germa (the day of Majesty) corresponds to Saturday.
Here is an example of a month in the Tabot Calendar:
It is part of the definition of the Tabot Calendar that the first day of the first month always occurs on a particular day in November. In fact this is true of all twelve Tabot months. In other words, the first day of a Tabot month always occurs on a particular day of the month in the Gregorian Calendar, as stated below:
Sawwara, the Deliverer
Sawwara 75 H.I.M. begins August 29th, 2006
Erg Taz Ked Ra' Mak Mam Ger 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
The first day of the Tabot month with this number...... always occurs on this day in the Gregorian Calendar: 1 November 2nd 2 December 2nd 3 January 1st 4 January 31st 5 March 2nd 6 April 1st 7 May 1st 8 May 31st 9 June 30th 10 July 30th 11 August 29th 12 September 28th
The following link displays today's date in the Tabot Calendar.
This is also available on the Tabot Ministries website at _URL_.
Calendar Studies Hermetic Systems Home Page


text:
Wandle Valley Living Landscape - London Wildlife Trust
The River Wandle is a unique south London chalk stream.
The Wandle has been identified as one of London's five flagship rivers by the Environment Agency.
Once, this river teemed with wildlife including trout and otter, but by 1960 it was officially declared a sewer. Subsequently much-improved through active conservation effort, the Wandle now supports fish and other wildlife, but still flows through significant stretches of industry, residential areas and commercial centres.
This scheme aims to restore six kilometres of urban river habitat in the River Wandle catchment to create a thriving landscape that supports a rich variety of species and habitats, provides connectivity for people and wildlife, is adaptable to climate change and encourages access and enjoyment by people.
The Wandle Valley is a flagship urban river restoration project, demonstrating how partners can work together to restore a functional river corridor for people and wildlife.
Its value as a regional priority has been recognised by Natural England and the area has been proposed as a new regional park.
We have focused our recent efforts on habitat restoration in-stream and on our Wilderness Island nature reserve.
We are also developing a strategy for the future reintroduction of water vole.
Start date: 2008
Scheme area: 500 hectares
Trust reserves within the scheme
This scheme is helping species including...
Current threats to the landscape:
Habitat loss and fragmentation, pollution, climate change, inappropriate development, non-native species (e.g. mink, Chinese mitten crab).
This scheme is also...
Helping wildlife adapt to climate change, reducing flood risk, improving access for people, providing volunteering opportunities.
Natural England, Environment Agency, National Trust, local authorities, Groundwork, Wandle Trust, Thames 21, local angling groups.


't know any Audacity function to quantify the total or average amplitude/energy/power of the resulting waveform.
Here is a BASIC program that produces such summary numbers, and stores them in a results file, based on the simpler version I wrote a couple days ago. The main thing I've learned is that this measure is almost identical for my data sets -- the peak correlation totals vary by only about one part in 15,000. It looks like turning on jitter correction in fre:ac helped, and that reading at 16x was optimum -- but the differences are so small that they probably don't mean much. The BASIC program takes a few minutes to process each 50 second .wav file. So even though there are many ways it could be much more efficient and run much faster, there is no need to bother yet.
Code: [Select]
' CDrot.bas (SmallBASIC FLTK 0.10.6 Windows XP)
' CD disc rot processing
' kd 26 jan 2012
' CROSS-CORRELATE LEFT AND RIGHT CHANNELS
DIM LL(9),RR(9),LR(9)
? "START of CDrot-CROSS-26JAN12.bas"
?
F=FREEFILE
FILNAM$="E1.wav"
OPEN FILNAM$ FOR INPUT AS #F
I=0
J=0
SM=0
ISM=0
ILR=0
WHILE NOT EOF(F)
 I=I+1
 L1=BGETC(F)
 L2=BGETC(F)
 R1=BGETC(F)
 R2=BGETC(F)
L=L2*256+L1
IF L>(2^15) THEN L=L-(2^16)
R=R2*256+R1
IF R>(2^15) THEN R=R-(2^16)

 IF I<13 THEN 199
 INSERT LL,0,L
 DELETE LL,10
 INSERT RR,0,R
 DELETE RR,10
FOR T = 1 TO 9
 LR(T) = LR(T) + LL(5)*RR(T)
 NEXT T
 ILR=ILR+1
IF (L=0) AND (R=0) THEN 199
SM = SM + L*R
ISM = ISM+1
 ' PRINT I;": ",L,R," ";ISM;" - ";L*R;" - ";INT(SM/ISM);" - ";SM,,ILR;LR

J=J+1
IF J>999 THEN
 PRINT ILR;LR
 ' INPUT "WAITING"; I$
 J=0
ENDIF
199 WEND
CLOSE #F
? "EOF"
PRINT "FILE: ";FILNAM$;" ";DATE$;" ";TIME$
PRINT ILR;LR
OUT=FREEFILE
NEWLINE$=CHR(13)+CHR(10)
OPEN "CROSS-OUT.TXT" FOR APPEND AS #OUT
PRINT #OUT, "FILE: ";FILNAM$;" ";DATE$;" ";TIME$;" CDrot-CROSS-26JAN12.bas";NEWLINE$
PRINT #OUT, ILR;LR;NEWLINE$
FOR T = 1 TO 9
 LR(T) = INT(SQR(LR(T)/ILR))
 NEXT T
PRINT "SQRT of AVG: ";LR
PRINT #OUT, "SQRT of AVG: ";LR;NEWLINE$;NEWLINE$
CLOSE #OUT
? "END of CDrot-CROSS-26JAN12.bas"
STOP
 - Last Edit: 26 January, 2012, 01:27:08 PM by kethd
 - gottogo99
 - [*][*][*]
Audio CD ROT, Red Book CD-DA data recovery, Disc Rot
Reply #14
Unfortunately, most modern laptops lack line-input ports (only have headphone out and mic in). I have bought an Xitel INport USB adapter, and do expect to try re-digitizing at some point. But as an amateur perfectionist, I'd much rather work on trying to recover an exact copy of the audio CD digital data then have to struggle with the details of trying to make an impossible "perfect" new digital copy of the aged analog recording.
The CDRs have deteriorated and may have unrecoverable errors. The tapes may not have deteriorated at all. You have the hardware to digitize, apparently. I think it's worth spending a few minutes testing the tapes.
 - AndyH-ha
 - [*][*][*][*][*]
Audio CD ROT, Red Book CD-DA data recovery, Disc Rot
Reply #15
isobuster can be downloaded and installed and used free for some recovery. For other conditions it will test and tell you if it sees anything to recover -- once you pay for the program.
If you decide to try the cassettes, first check that the pressure pads are present and intact. Then rewind the cassettes to get the tension more even so the playback speed will be more stable.
 - kct_99
 - [*]
Audio CD ROT, Red Book CD-DA data recovery, Disc Rot
Reply #16
Have you tried out ExactAudioCopy yet ? _URL_ This is also free / shareware.
This software keeps re-reading the bad sectors until eventually it gets a correct checksum and then moves on.
Quote:
In secure mode this program either reads every audio sector at least twice or rely on extended error information that some drives are able to return with the audio data. That is one reason why the program is slower than other rippers. But by using this technique non-identical sectors are detected. If an error occurs (read or sync error), the program keeps on reading this sector, until eight of 16 retries are identical, but at maximum one, three or five times (according to the selected error recovery quality) these 16 retries are read. So, in the worst case, bad sectors are read up to 82 times! But this effort will help the program to obtain the best result by comparing all of the retries.
Also, you may want to try an older (slower CD drive) which may also help to recover the data.
just my 2 cent worth
 - kethd
 - [*]
Audio CD ROT, Red Book CD-DA data recovery, Disc Rot
Reply #17
Have you tried out ExactAudioCopy yet ? _URL_ This is also free / shareware.
...
Also, you may want to try an older (slower CD drive) which may also help to recover the data.
...
Yes, EAC is what I usually use, and the first thing I tried -- but I could not find any way to turn the error-checking down enough to get it to make any process with these rotted CDs. And yes, I also was hoping that older slower CD drives might help, but nothing in my pile of old drives worked at all...
 - kethd
 - [*]
Audio CD ROT, Red Book CD-DA data recovery, Disc Rot
Reply #18
BASIC PROGRAM UTILITY TOOL
TO INSPECT BLOCKS OF DIFFERENCES
IN MULTIPLE SETS OF ALMOST IDENTICAL .WAV FILES
The following BASIC program analyzes a set of nearly identical .wav files, finds block-chunks areas of difference and displays a grid of numbers for interactive inspection. It analyzes each such block and collects summary statistics into a results file.
I am experimenting with a set of 7 copies of a track from a set of audio CDs that have become unplayable (rotted). I was only able to get data from 2 discs: 5 copies from one disc and 2 copies from another.
Just eyeballing the grid of numbers, with the differing values highlighted, the first impression is that this data recovery project looks hopeful. In many cases the errors are isolated and should be easy to weed out. The blocks of errors are mostly not long runs. Usually there are not more than two values appearing for a given sample.
This 50 second stereo track is somewhat over 2,000,000 L-R 16-bit sample pairs. Running the program on all 7 copies produced this (highly edited) output:
E1.wav E2.wav E3.wav E4.wav E5.wav N1.wav N2.wav
_PHONE_ BLOCK 8363: BLKLINESBAD 1938[1853,3677,2247,222,220,70,17,12,10]35 OVERS, MAX 1938
, VALSMAX 2[0,8216,144,2,1,0,0] // TOTMINMAX 3[3085,4054,1176,46,2,0,0]
Interpratation:
_PHONE_ samples processed
8363 blocks (chunks) of errors
1853 blocks contained 1 line of differing samples
3677 blocks contained 2 lines of differing samples
2247 blocks contained 3 lines of differing samples...
35 blocks contained over 9 lines of differing samples
the longest block contained 1938 lines of differing samples
Each set of samples is analyzed to count how many different values appear, and count the total of "minority" values (how many values are different from the one that is most common). Each block has a max result for those two measures; these results are tallied for all the blocks.
8216 blocks contained a max of 2 different


ServicePoint ServicePoint ServicePoint ServicePoint Class
Definition
Provides connection management for HTTP connections.
public ref class ServicePoint
public class ServicePoint
type ServicePoint = class
Public Class ServicePoint
Inheritance
ServicePointServicePointServicePointServicePoint
Examples
The following code example creates a ServicePoint object that connects to the URI _URL_.
// This example shows how to use the ServicePoint and ServicePointManager classes.
// The ServicePointManager class uses the ServicePoint class to manage connections
// to a remote host. The networking classes reuse service points for all
// requests to a given URI. In fact, the same ServicePoint object
// is used to issue requests to Internet resources identified by the same
// scheme identifier (for example, HTTP) and host fragment (for example, _URL_).
// This should improve your application performance.
// Reusing service points in this way can help improve application performance.
#using <System.dll>
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Net;
using namespace System::Threading;
using namespace System::Text::RegularExpressions;
void ShowProperties( ServicePoint^ sp )
{
 Console::WriteLine( "Done calling FindServicePoint()..." );

 // Display the ServicePoint Internet resource address.
 Console::WriteLine( "Address = {0}", sp->Address );

 // Display the date and time that the ServicePoint was last
 // connected to a host.
 Console::WriteLine( "IdleSince = {0}", sp->IdleSince );

 // Display the maximum length of time that the ServicePoint instance
 // is allowed to maintain an idle connection to an Internet
 // resource before it is recycled for use in another connection.
 Console::WriteLine( "MaxIdleTime = {0}", sp->MaxIdleTime );

 Console::WriteLine( "ConnectionName = {0}", sp->ConnectionName );

 // Display the maximum number of connections allowed on this
 // ServicePoint instance.
 Console::WriteLine( "ConnectionLimit = {0}", sp->ConnectionLimit );

 // Display the number of connections associated with this
 // ServicePoint instance.
 Console::WriteLine( "CurrentConnections = {0}", sp->CurrentConnections );

 if ( sp->Certificate == nullptr )
 Console::WriteLine( "Certificate = (null)" );
 else
 Console::WriteLine( "Certificate = {0}", sp->Certificate );
 if ( sp->ClientCertificate == nullptr )
 Console::WriteLine( "Client Certificate = (null)" );
 else
 Console::WriteLine( "Client Certificate = {0}", sp->ClientCertificate );
 Console::WriteLine( "ProtocolVersion = {0}", sp->ProtocolVersion->ToString() );
 Console::WriteLine( "SupportsPipelining = {0}", sp->SupportsPipelining );

 Console::WriteLine( "UseNagleAlgorithm = {0} ", sp->UseNagleAlgorithm.ToString() );
 Console::WriteLine( "Expect 100-continue = {0}", sp->Expect100Continue.ToString() );

}
void makeWebRequest( int hashCode, String^ Uri )
{
 HttpWebResponse^ res = nullptr;

 // Make sure that the idle time has elapsed, so that a new
 // ServicePoint instance is created.
 Console::WriteLine( "Sleeping for 2 sec." );
 Thread::Sleep( 2000 );
 try
 {

 // Create a request to the passed URI.
 HttpWebRequest^ req = dynamic_cast<HttpWebRequest^>(WebRequest::Create( Uri ));
 Console::WriteLine( "\nConnecting to {0} ............", Uri );

 // Get the response object.
 res = dynamic_cast<HttpWebResponse^>(req->GetResponse());
 Console::WriteLine( "Connected.\n" );
 ServicePoint^ currentServicePoint = req->ServicePoint;

 // Display new service point properties.
 int currentHashCode = currentServicePoint->GetHashCode();
 Console::WriteLine( "New service point hashcode: {0}", currentHashCode );
 Console::WriteLine( "New service point max idle time: {0}", currentServicePoint->MaxIdleTime );
 Console::WriteLine( "New service point is idle since {0}", currentServicePoint->IdleSince );

 // Check that a new ServicePoint instance has been created.
 if ( hashCode == currentHashCode )
 Console::WriteLine( "Service point reused." );
 else
 Console::WriteLine( "A new service point created." );
 }
 catch ( Exception^ e )
 {
 Console::WriteLine( "Source : {0}", e->Source );
 Console::WriteLine( "Message : {0}", e->Message );
 }
 finally
 {
 if ( res != nullptr )
 res->Close();
 }
}
// Show the user how to use this program when wrong inputs are entered.
void showUsage()
{
 Console::WriteLine( "Enter the proxy name as follows:" );
 Console::WriteLine( "\tcs_servicepoint proxyName" );
}
int main()
{
 array<String^>^args = Environment::GetCommandLineArgs();
 int port = 80;

 // Define a regular expression to parse the user's input.
 // This is a security check. It allows only
 // alphanumeric input strings between 2 to 40 characters long.
 Regex^ rex = gcnew Regex( "^[a-zA-Z]\\w{1,39}$" );
 if ( args->Length < 2 )
 {
 showUsage();
 return -1;
 }
 String^ proxy = args[ 1 ];
 if ( (rex->Match(proxy))->Success != true )
 {
 Console::WriteLine( "Input string format not allowed." );
 return -1;
 }
 String^ proxyAdd = String::Format( "http://{0}:{1}", proxy, port );

 // Create a proxy object.
 WebProxy^ DefaultProxy = gcnew WebProxy( proxyAdd,true );

 // Set the proxy that all HttpWebRequest instances use.
 WebRequest::DefaultWebProxy = DefaultProxy;

 // Get the base interface for proxy access for the
 // WebRequest-based classes.
 IWebProxy^ Iproxy = WebRequest::DefaultWebProxy;

 // Set the maximum number of ServicePoint instances to
 // maintain. If a ServicePoint instance for that host already
 // exists when your application requests a connection to
 // an Internet resource, the ServicePointManager object
 // returns this existing ServicePoint instance. If none exists
 // for that host, it creates a new ServicePoint instance.
 ServicePointManager::MaxServicePoints = 4;

 // Set the maximum idle time of a ServicePoint instance to 10 seconds.
 // After the idle time expires, the ServicePoint object is eligible for
 // garbage collection and cannot be used by the ServicePointManager.
 ServicePointManager::MaxServicePointIdleTime = 10000;

 ServicePointManager::UseNagleAlgorithm = true;
 ServicePointManager::Expect100Continue = true;
 ServicePointManager::CheckCertificateRevocationList = true;
 ServicePointManager::DefaultConnectionLimit = ServicePointManager::DefaultPersistentConnectionLimit;

 // Create the Uri object for the resource you want to access.
 Uri^ MS = gcnew Uri( "_URL_ );

 // Use the FindServicePoint method to find an existing
 // ServicePoint object or to create a new one.
 ServicePoint^ servicePoint = ServicePointManager::FindServicePoint( MS, Iproxy );
 ShowProperties( servicePoint );
 int hashCode = servicePoint->GetHashCode();
 Console::WriteLine( "Service point hashcode: {0}", hashCode );

 // Make a request with the same scheme identifier and host fragment
 // used to create the previous ServicePoint object.
 makeWebRequest( hashCode, "_URL_ );
}
// This example shows how to use the ServicePoint and ServicePointManager classes.
// The ServicePointManager class uses


text:
Formula for success in naming your protagonist:
1) Pick a nondescript, normal first name, like "John" or "Thomas".
2) Pick a word for the last name that you have never heard used as anyone's last name, ever. This word must reek coolness, and it must also have some semantic connection with the character's purpose in the story. Pick a legendary warrior, like "Constantine", or a word with boatloads of implied meaning, like "Covenant".
1 + 2 = Badass


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Assume I have the words A, B and C. In my calculation, occurrences of ABC should have much bigger weight than AB, and occurrences of AB should be much bigger than A.
$W(x,y,z) = P(x)*\frac{1}{111} + P(x,y)*\frac{10}{111} + P(x,y,z)*\frac{100}{111}$
and I apply the context = $\{A, B, C\}$ to function $W$.
$P(x,y)$ means : (number of xy used together) / (count of bigrams)
My question is not about the formula itself, because I have already implemented a much more complicated form of it. However, I cannot write a proper documentation about it. I don't know the math term.
Is there a mathematical term for what $W$ is doing?
"increasing-size-increasing-weight-summing"?
share|improve this question
"Weighted average". – user1551 Nov 22 '12 at 21:05
Yes, it is weighted average. However isn't there a special name for that when the number of parameters are increasing? I would say P(x), P(x,y) and P(x,y,z) doesn't have the same class. To me weighted average is more like $P(x)*k + P(y)*l + P(z)*m$ – Ali Ok Nov 23 '12 at 0:43
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