Ethnic Fraternal Societies and Mutual Aid
American fraternal societies have existed since 1700s. New immigrants were usually welcomed as members in these organizations. By the 1890s, however, when millions of new immigrants from southern and eastern Europe began arriving in the United States, a rise in anti-immigrant sentiment and racist attitudes created a bias against allowing new immigrants and African Americans to join the older societies. Prevented from joining established societies like the Freemasons or Knights of Pythias, new immigrants and blacks formed their own.
"Ethnic Fraternal Societies and Mutual Aid" is a cross-curricular lesson that explores the origins, functions, rise and eventual decline of fraternal and self-help organizations among immigrants and African Americans. By studying diversity through the lens of such societies, students will learn how immigrants and African Americans developed alternative social structures that served their social, psychological, and economic needs.
The Historical Society of Pennsylvania has a rich archival collection on mutual assistance. Archival sources range from early American mutual assistance organizations, such as the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, to those organized by newly arrived immigrant groups including Italian, Irish, Polish, Russian, and Slovak. In this lesson, students try their hand at the complex task of critical analysis and historical interpretation by using primary sources drawn from HSP's collection.
20th century
Ethnic history
Big Ideas
Pennsylvania History
Perspective on Events
Essential Questions
How has social disagreement and collaboration been beneficial to Pennsylvania society?
Why is time and space important to the study of history?
- Conflict and cooperation among social groups, organizations, and nation-states are critical to comprehending society in the Pennsylvania. Domestic instability, ethnic and racial relations, labor relation, immigration, and wars and revolutions are examples of social disagreement and collaboration.
- Articulate the context of a historical event or action.
- Summarize how conflict and compromise in Pennsylvania history impact contemporary society.
Background Material for Teacher
o Beito's book-length study adopts the premise that the fraternal model was America's best effort at providing services such as low-cost medical care as well as a way to provide survival skills such as thrift, reciprocity, and individual responsibility. He adopts the premise that the fraternal society efficiently provided social welfare services that were not available otherwise in America.
Beito, David T., Gordon, Peter, and Tabarrok, Alexander, ed. "This Enormous Army": The Mutual-Aid Tradition of American Fraternal Societies before the Twentieth Century. In The Voluntary City: Choice, Community, and Civil Society, edited by David T. Beito, Peter Gordon, Peter, and Alexander Tabarrok, 182-203. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2002.
o This article outlines highlights of fraternals in the United States before the twentieth century making a case for their social and economic importance in members' lives. Beito's claim that the rise of the governmental welfare system was the key factor in the decline of the importance of fraternals is a tenuous one.
Bodnar, John. "Ethnic Fraternal Benefit Association: Their Historical Development, Character, and Significance." In Records of Ethnic Fraternal Benefit Associations in the United State: Essays and Inventories, edited by Susan H. Shreve and Rudolph J. Vecoli, 5-14. St. Paul, MN: Immigration History Research Center, University of Minnesota, 1981.
o Bodnar, an immigration history expert, discusses the significant impact of fraternal associations in ethnic communities. He cautions, however, that the economic assistance fraternal societies provided to members must not be overstated and that it never equaled the importance of family and kin.
Carnes, Mark C. Secret Ritual and Manhood in Victorian America. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1989.
o Carnes begins on the premise that men's passage to manhood in Victorian America was particularly problematic. The author argues that by providing comfort and psychological guidance, the initiatory rites of fraternalism were a way to facilitate men's transition to manhood during this period.
Clawson, Mary Ann. Constructing Brotherhood: Class, Gender, and Fraternalism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1989.
o This book looks at fraternalism as a social construction and analyzes its many variations and transformations as they occurred with each succeeding generation. The author especially focuses on the use of ritual to create solidarity, group identity, and to deal with social differences.
Nardini, Gloria. Che Bella Figura!: The Power of Performance in an Italian Ladies' Club in Chicago. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1999.
o Nardini's ethnographic study analyzes the language and behavior operating in an Italian women's social club. Included in this list because it is perhaps the only book-length study of a women's ethnic club and because of its performance approach.
Stolarik, Mark M. Growing Up on the South Side: Three Generations of Slovaks in Bethlehem Pennsylvania, _PHONE_. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press, 1985.
o In Chapter 2, "Lodges for Everyone," historian Stolarik outlines the development of fraternal benefit societies among one ethnic group demonstrating how the lodges played an important role in reestablishing community life disrupted by the migration process.
Stolarik, M. Mark. "Slovak Fraternal-Benefit Societies in Pennsylvania." Pennsylvania Folklife. V. 44:2 Winter, 1994, 78-83.
o This article discusses the origins, growth, purposes, rituals, and decline of Slovak fraternal organizations in Pennsylvania.
Toll, Jean Barth and Gillam, Mildred S., ed. Invisible Philadelphia: Community through Voluntary Organizations. Philadelphia: Atwater Kent Museum, 1995.
o This is a comprehensive guide to Philadelphia's voluntary organizations including fraternals. It includes histories of individual organizations as well as general histories of the organizational life of particular ethnic groups.
End of Unit Assessment
Using all the information they have learned about mutual assistance and fraternals, have students write an essay either supporting or arguing against about the following statement: Modern government should carry the primary burden of providing assistance to its needy citizens. That is to say, voluntary organizations cannot be expected to relieve government's responsibility of providing basic needs to those who require forms of social and economic assistance (e.g. due to disability, medical conditions, or conditions of poverty).


text:
Laetitia and her group crossed the state line into West Virginia. Their ultimate destination was Capon Bridge, but first they went south for a stop at Capon Springs. One meaning of the word "capon" is a male chicken whose testicles have been surgically removed to maximize meat production in the castrated bird. Development of the technique is credited to the Romans. However the West Virginia place name is derived from the Shawnee Indian word for a local stream, "Cape-cape-de-hon," meaning "River of Medicine Water."
Originally called Frye's Springs, the river was believed to have medicinal properties. During the mid-nineteenth century, a hotel, spa, and resort, the Capon Springs Historic Hotel, was built to capitalize on the springs putative healing capability. Laetitia brought her group to the hotel, where they toured the grounds. Some of the group used the spa.
Then they headed north to the Edwards Run Wildlife Management Area for some wildlife viewing before heading toward Capon Bridge for the evening. On the way they stopped at the late-nineteenth-century Hook Tavern. When the group viewed the span over the Cocapon River for which Capon Bridge is named, a poultry farmer from Kentucky named Clem who was on the tour said to his wife, "See, I told you the bridge wasn't actually made out of capons." Laetitia smiled and later wrote the limerick of the day.
Clem thought Capon Bridge must be schlock
When he thought of his own capon flock
For a castrated bird
Is rather absurd
For use as a bridge building-block.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Depression. Anxiety. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
If you live with any of these symptoms – or love someone who does - you know how important mental health is to quality of life.
Each year, the World Health Organization designates Oct. 10 as World Mental Health Day to help raise awareness of mental health issues by providing an opportunity for patients, caregivers and supporters to talk about what needs to be done to make mental health care a priority for people worldwide.
Researchers across the globe are looking further into the role medical cannabis may play in helping people with mental illness. As part of our commitment to research, Tilray sponsors an ongoing study at the University of British Columbia investigating medical cannabis and PTSD, expected to wrap up in 2019.
We've also surveyed Tilray patients to better understand how they are using medical


Medical Term:
fields of Forel
Pronunciation: fō-rel′
Definition: three circumscript, myelin-rich regions of the subthalamus known as H fields (from Haubenfelder): 1) field H1, corresponding to the thalamic fasciculus, a fiber stratum at the junction of the zona incerta and the overlying thalamus, is composed of pallidothalamic and cerebellothalamic fibers (brachium conjunctivum) and is separated by the zona incerta from the more ventrally placed field H2; 2) field H2, formed by the lenticular fasciculus and arching over the superior border of the subthalamic nucleus, is composed largely of pallidothalamic fibers; 3) field H3, or prerubral field, is a large field of intermingling gray and white matter immediately rostral to the red nucleus, uniting fields H1 and H2 around the medial margin of the zona incerta; its gray matter forms the prerubral nucleus.
Synonym(s): campi foreli, tegmental fields of Forel
See Also: lenticular loop


text:
Whether you are starting fresh in CloudBees CD/RO or learning a new concept, you can use the hierarchy menu to learn about the CloudBees CD/RO object model structure and product capabilities. This is a wizard-like menu that aids in application, microservice, and environment modeling in CloudBees CD/RO, by helping you to visualize the relationships between objects in a project and coaching you along the way by indicating the next required actions. This menu provides an easy-to-understand view of the model structure and where you are within it, highlights missing pieces, and streamlines navigation across objects.
The hierarchy menu is available in the Application Editor, the Microservice Editor, the Environment Editor, pipelines, and releases.
To view the hierarchy menu for a project, open the Application Editor, the Microservice Editor, or the Environment Editor in that project. The hierarchy menu is expanded and visible by default. The following examples show the hierarchy menu:
The content of the menu dynamically updates when you create or edit an application, microservice, or environment. Child objects that are not configured do not have actions enabled.
Certain actions, such as selecting Requires Setup +, launch dialogs. Each of these dialogs has modal behavior, requiring that you exit it before continuing.
To collapse a menu, select Hide.
To expand a menu, select Show.
Every object with one or more child objects has a Collapse button or an Expand button to collapse or expand the visibility of its child objects.
The following example shows the Collapse button:
The following example shows the Expand button:
Some objects, or rows, contain a popover menu, that is only visible when you hover over the object.
The following is an example of the popover menu:
The following example shows the expanded menu after you select the popover menu :
The menu provides all actions that are available in the visual editor canvas for that object.
Some objects, or rows, have an Add button that is only visible when you hover over the object:
Select Add to open the dialog to add an object.
If an object is editable in a visual editor, the button appears next to it. For example:
The button opens the visual editor for that object.
If you have not completed the definition of an application component, tier map, or environment resources, the Requires Setup + button appears for the object that needs to be defined. The following example shows the button for an application component that requires setup:
The button opens the dialog for adding an application component.
The following example shows the button for a tier map that requires setup:
The button opens the dialog for adding a tier map.
The Application Run button opens the application runtime settings dialog that you can use to set up and start an application run. For example:
The Property Browser button allows you to navigate properties more easily by allowing you to view all properties on a hierarchy of objects in a project. For example:
For details about this functionality, refer to Property Browser.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Little Beaver and the Echo
by Amy MacDonald Illustrated by Sarah Fox-Davies
Reviewed by Sarah A. (age 7)
Sarah A. is a student in Ingrid ODonoghue's 2nd Grade Class
This book is about Little Beaver and his echo. Little Beaver is lonely. He didn't have any friends which made him very sad and he began to cry. As he cries he hears someone across the pond. Is it a new friend? Little beaver sets out to look for his friend. On the way he meets others who want a friend too. At the other side of the pond there is a wise old Beaver. He tells Little Beaver about Echo. Does Little Beaver find a friend? You will have to read the book to find out.
This is a good book. It teaches you that friends can be found in unexpected places. I like Little Beaver because he told wise Beaver that he and echo didn't have any friends. Wise Beaver is smart like me. The illustrations are like water drops dripping into puddles. This book reminds me of when I went to Yosemite.
I recommend this book to anyone who has ever had to look for a friend.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Light Paths
Referencia
Panel
Render ‣ Light Paths
Ray Types
Ray types can be divided into four categories:
 1. Camera: the ray comes straight from the camera.
 2. Reflection: the ray is generated by a reflection off a surface.
 3. Transmission: the ray is generated by a transmission through a surface.
 4. Shadow: the ray is used for (transparent) shadows.
Reflection and transmission rays can further have these properties:
 - Diffuse: the ray is generated by a diffuse reflection or transmission (translucency).
 - Glossy: the ray is generated by a glossy specular reflection or transmission.
 - Singular: the ray is generated by a perfectly sharp reflection or transmission.
The Light Path node can be used to find out the type of ray the shading is being computed for.
../../../_images/render_cycles_render-settings_light-paths_rays.svg
Ver también
The object ray visibility settings.
Bounce Control
The maximum number of light bounces can be controlled manually. While ideally this should be infinite, in practice a smaller number of bounces may be sufficient, or some light interactions may be intentionally left out for faster convergence. The number of diffuse reflection, glossy reflection and transmission bounces can also be controlled individually.
Light paths are terminated probabilistically when specifying a minimum number of light bounces lower than the maximum. In that case, paths longer than minimum will be randomly stopped when they are expected to contribute less light to the image. This will still converge to the same image, but renders faster while possibly being noisier.
Transparency
The transparent BSDF shader is given special treatment. When a ray passes through it, light passes straight on, as if there was no geometry there. The ray type does not change when passing through a transparent BSDF.
Alpha pass output is also different for the transparent BSDF. Other transmission BSDFs are considered opaque, because they change the light direction. As such they cannot be used for alpha-over compositing, while this is possible with the transparent BSDF.
Note that, while semantically the ray passes through as if no geometry was hit, rendering performance is affected as each transparency step requires executing the shader and tracing a ray.
Ajustes
Max Bounces
Total
Maximum number of light bounces. For best quality, this should be set to the maximum. However, in practice, it may be good to set it to lower values for faster rendering. A value of 0 bounces results in direct lighting only.
Difusión
Maximum number of diffuse bounces.
Glossy
Maximum number of glossy bounces.
Transmisión
Maximum number of transmission bounces.
Volumen
Maximum number of volume scattering bounces.
Transparent
Maximum number of transparency bounces.
Note, the maximum number of transparent bounces is controlled separately from other bounces. It is also possible to use probabilistic termination of transparent bounces, which might help rendering many layers of transparency.
Clamping
Direct Light
This option limits the maximum intensity a sample from rays which have not yet bounced can contribute to a pixel. It reduces noise at the cost of accuracy. Setting this option to 0.0 disables clamping altogether. Lower have a greater affect (dimmer samples) on the resulting image than higher values.
Nota
This option provides a way to limit Fireflies. However, note that as you clamp out such values, other bright lights/reflections will be dimmed as well.
Care must be taken when using this setting to find a balance between mitigating fireflies and losing intentionally bright parts. It is often useful to clamp indirect bounces separately, as they tend to cause more fireflies than direct bounces. See the Clamp Indirect setting.
Indirect Light
The same as Direct Light, but for rays which have bounced multiple times.
Caustics
A common source of noise is Caustics.
Ver también
See Reducing Noise for examples of the clamp settings in use.
Filter Glossy
When using a value higher than 0.0, this will blur glossy reflections after blurry bounces, to reduce noise at the cost of accuracy. 1.0 is a good starting value to tweak.
Some light paths have a low probability of being found while contributing much light to the pixel. As a result these light paths will be found in some pixels and not in others, causing Fireflies. An example of such a difficult path might be a small light that is causing a small specular highlight on a sharp glossy material, which is observed through a rough glossy material. In fact in such a case there practically occurs a caustic.
With path tracing it is difficult to find the specular highlight, but if you increase the roughness on the material, the highlight gets bigger and softer, and so easier to find. Often this blurring will hardly be noticeable, because it is blurred by the material anyway, but there are also cases where this will lead to a loss of detail in lighting.
Caustics
Reflective
While in principle path tracing supports rendering of caustics with a sufficient number of samples, in practice it may be inefficient to the point that there is just too much noise. This option can be unchecked, to disable reflective caustics.
Refractive
The same as above, but for refractive caustics.
Fast GI Approximation
Referencia
Panel
Render ‣ Light Paths ‣ Fast GI Approximation
Approximate diffuse indirect light with background tinted ambient occlusion. This provides fast alternative to full global illumination (GI), for interactive viewport rendering or final renders with reduced quality.
Método
Fast GI approximation method.
Reemplazar
Replace global illumination with ambient occlusion after a specified number of bounces.
Agregar
Add ambient occlusion to diffuse surfaces.
AO Factor
The strength of the ambient occlusion.
AO Distance
Distance from shading point to trace rays. A shorter distance emphasizes nearby features, while longer distances make it also take objects farther away into account.
This option can also be overridden per object in the Object Properties, which is useful when you have both small and large scale objects in the same scene.
Vista Rebotes
Replace global illumination with ambient occlusion after the specified number of bounces when rendering in the 3D Viewport. This can reduce noise in interior scenes with little visual difference.
Render Bounces
Number of bounces when rendering final renders.


text:
Thank you for attending the first virtual AJ Summit 2021
The AJ Summit 2021 focused on how architects and their industry colleagues can respond to the climate emergency by embracing the whole-life carbon agenda and the principles of the circular economy. The CPD accredited event presented an exceptional opportunity to learn how to incorporate climate-responsible working methods into your everyday practice.
Over 1000 architecture practices have signed up to Architects Declare, acknowledging the enormous transformation required by the construction industry to tackle the looming threat of climate change. These practices have pledged to create an industry that has a more positive impact on the world around us. But what happens next? How can we realistically work towards this?
AJ Summit presented an exceptional opportunity for architects to learn how to incorporate climate-responsible working methods into everyday practice.
AJ Summit 2019 Highlights


text:
For something that is so simple and relatively inexpensive, a cold frame can increase the productivity of your vegetable garden hugely simply by extending the effective the length of the growing season.
Historically cold frames were located on the exterior of a heated green house and comprised a glazed frame with hinged glass roof called a light. These frames were unheated, hence the term "cold" frame. The idea was that seedlings initially grown in the greenhouse would be moved to the cold frames to harden them off. To harden off a seedling, it is placed within the cold frame and over a period of weeks the roof light is opened more and more, gradually acclimatising the seedlings to the outside conditions. This process helps prevent any shock when the seedlings are planted out which can cause a check in growth. This is particularly important with cauliflowers where a check in growth can result in the heads never forming properly.
Cold frames today
Modern cold frames have eschewed glass in favour of modern materials, generally polycarbonate. Modern polycarbonates are as clear as glass and in the double glazed variety fitted to most cold frames provide thermal insulation as good as glass. Polycarbonate does not shatter, or break harmfully and is therefore a perfect material for use in gardens where there are pets or children.
Generally cold frames are designed either glazed down to the ground or with a solid wooden frame. There are pros and cons to both designs, although for the British climate I consider the solid wooden sides an advantage as they absorb warmth throughout day and slowly release it during the night, leading to higher average temperature at night. However on an overcast day the fully glazed cold frames can capture more sunlight which can help prevent the seedlings from getting "leggy" due to lack of light.
Cold frames are incredibly useful for hardening off seedlings, which can be a real chore without one. However they can also be used like a mini greenhouse to germinate plants earlier than they would otherwise grow outside. With just a cold frame it is possible to have home grown cauliflower ready as early as late May. Simply sow your cauliflower seed in your cold frame at the end of October and the seedlings should be ready to plant out at the end of February or early March, easily gaining a month or more of growing time.
I use my cold frame nearly all year round, in fact during the course of a year, all of the following usually end up in the cold frame at some point:
- Onions (from seed)
- Sweet corn
A cold frame is one of those things that you don't think you need until you have one and then you wander how you ever managed without. Mine gets so much use it easily justifies its price. Although just the effort saved when hardening off seedlings would be sufficient to make it great value for money.
Two years ago I would not have bothered with a cold frame, thinking they were unnecessary, however I have become a true cold frame convert and really could not conceive gardening without one anymore.


It works flawlessly, thank you very much.
 Do you know if it would be possible to add a Feld in the registration form? I would like to let users choose one option from a dropdown (teams which they belong to), and maybe it be shown in their backend info.
 Would this be possible?
 All the best,
 Carlo
 Reply
 6. Nice article thank you for the help! I would like to point out that one should always validate and if not possible sanitize user input before submitting it into your database. This could lead to serious security vulnerabilities! Check the following link for more information:
 _URL_
 _URL_
 _URL_
 For the non-coders it's very simple, just add sanitize functions to all user inputted data. All user inputted data in the above code snippet is stored in the form_data variable (denoted by $form_data).
 To sanitize for example a text field variable change the existing code ($username=$form_data['Username'];) to sanitize_text_field( $username=$form_data['Username'] );. Or for an email field there is a special function sanitize_email, so the code would become sanitize_email( $form_data['Email'] );
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Is It Safe To Drink Urine For Survival? | Build a Stash
This article may contain affiliate links where we earn a commission from qualifying purchases.
Key Takeaways
 - Drinking your own urine is inadvisable in any situation, especially a survival situation.
 - Urine consumption has long been proved dangerous to the human body.
 - Bacteria and other harmful substances reenter the body through your urine.
 - Drinking urine will lead to faster dehydration and renal failure.
 - Most methods to purify urine will not be effective in making it drinkable.
You're at a desperate point, extremely dehydrated, and your last ditch effort to stay alive seems to be drinking your own urine. But should you?
No scenario, no matter how dire, is worth drinking your own urine. Rather than help restore your body, drinking pee will have the opposite effect by speeding up dehydration and causing even more problems. Even purifiers and other means of filtering out all but the water from urine won't work.
If your supplies run out and you're faced with the prospect of life-threatening dehydration, do your best to find alternative sources of water by any means necessary.
Table of contents
HideShow
Is It Safe to Drink Urine for Survival?
The short answer is no. Drinking urine is not advisable under any circumstance, and drinking urine in a survival situation is especially dangerous.
Popular examples like Bear Grylls or Aron Ralston may show that such an extreme move is in fact a viable one. But the dangers far outweigh the benefits.
Ancient and Current Beliefs About Drinking Urine and Urine Therapy
Ancient cultures such as Egypt, China, India, and the Aztecs all had some form of medical practice that encouraged drinking urine for certain reasons. Urine therapy even remains today as part of some holistic healing systems, and there are even some countries where the practice of urine therapy skirts the edges of mainstream medicine.
One of the most common beliefs held by these parties is that some of the components of urine do contain medicinal properties. In particular, urea possesses properties that combat bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
Current Advice Against Drinking Urine
This being said, nearly all cultures with developed medical practices agree on the dangers of urine therapy, and have debunked claims about urine's curative powers.
As an example, U.S. Army recommendations specifically call out liquids like urine, seawater, blood, and others as supposed sources of water to be avoided in a crisis.
Reasons to Not Drink Urine
A very simple definition of urine is that it is the body eliminating liquid that contains waste products and other molecular sized contaminants. After the body processes the liquid you consume and removes most of the nutrients and beneficial chemicals via the kidneys, the rest is passed out of the body through the urinary system.
These waste products are eliminated from the body for a reason: they are harmful, and can cause damage to your body if left unchecked.
Some may point out that urine is made up of 95% water, which is close to the concentration of seawater. But seawater actually contains more water at a concentration of 96.5%, so it's actually more highly concentrated than seawater.
Even a healthy person that is well hydrated will have these kinds of contaminants in their system. If you have already lost much of the water in your body, the polluted state of your urine will be even worse.
How Can Drinking Urine Harm Your Body?
Essentially, drinking urine defeats the purpose of what your body's natural processes do in the first place.
If you drink your urine, you are consuming all of the filtered out impurities your body is trying to eliminate. That means that your body will have to work even harder to process out the liquid and soluble waste.
No matter what temporary benefits you think you gain, your dehydration worsens due to this extra work on your body because it is trying to reuse your pee as a water source, rather than introducing new sources.
Additionally, since no new water is introduced to your system when you drink your urine, dehydration can lower your blood pressure to dangerous levels. This decreases the blood flow to your other vital organs, which can cause permanent damage.
Even worse, the build up of these dissolved salts and other dissolved contaminants will lead to kidney failure. When your kidneys stop making urine, they stop removing these toxins from your body, which allows them to build up to toxic levels. This can lead to sepsis and death.
Can you filter urine enough to drink it?
Some sources claim that you can safely drink urine by using backpacking filters or other commercial means. This is also a deceptive and dangerous claim, since the smaller filters will not be effective enough to let you safely drink your own pee.
First of all, the bacteria are not always eliminated by these filters. Even if some of the toxins are removed, the microorganisms that can cause illness - and compound your problems - remain in the water molecules.
Most importantly, these simpler filters don't remove the sodium from the urine. This salinity is what makes drinking seawater so dangerous, and what makes it even more deadly if you drank urine.
Because salt draws water out of your body, too much salt buildup by drinking your own pee makes it even deadlier than if you were to drink seawater.
Methods for Filtering Urine
Despite all of these warnings, there are several ways you can legitimately filter out many of the impurities from urine (though not enough to make it only water).
Reverse osmosis uses extremely high pressure to force water through a filter; the concept is that only water molecules will pass through, and everything else will be left behind.
The urine could also be distilled, which involves evaporating it and allowing the water to condense naturally in a different vessel after everything else has been removed.
Both of these practices are in operation when using a solar still. This is one of the more popular and supposedly reliable ways to filter your urine, as any impurity literally passes through a waterproof barrier, while the liquid itself is collected for later use.
Despite all of this potential, the urine itself is still not safe to drink in large quantities.
Alternatives to drinking urine
If drinking urine isn't an option, then what other options are there? We recommend doing anything else, anything at all, before you resort to drinking your own pee.
You can prepare ahead of time by stocking sources of freshwater in secure containers in advance of an emergency scenario. This includes stockpiling large quantities of water in your main stores, as well as small portable bottles or packs of water in your emergency kit or bag.
If you do run out of your prepackaged supplies, your first order of business should be to find a naturally occurring source of water. A lake or stream should offer a relatively clean source of water that can be easily boiled to remove all but the tiniest trace amounts of impurity.
Even collecting rainwater is safer, as this would contain only a negligible level of contamination. You can set out a container to collect it while it is raining, or even find small puddles or pools that collect after a storm.
If you're experienced enough, you can also find springs or other sources of water with a little effort. Even some cacti or other plants can store enough water to sustain you until you can reach a renewable source.
Bottom line: drinking your own urine is not worth the risk.


text:
Obviously the German soldiers might notice a tree where there had not been one before. That's why the British Empire's Royal Engineers built fake trees to resemble specific trees in no man's land. During the night, they'd cut down the original and replace it with the fake:
To develop the O.P. Tree, Royal Engineers representatives selected, measured, and photographed the original tree, in situ, extensively. The ideal tree was dead; often it was bomb blasted. The photographs and sketches were brought back to the workshop, where artists constructed an artificial tree of hollow steel cylinders, but containing an internal scaffolding for reinforcement, to allow a sniper or observer to ascend within the structure. Then, under the cover of night, the team cut down the authentic tree and dug a hole in the place of its roots, in which they placed the O.P. Tree. When the sun rose over the field, what looked like a tree was a tree no longer; rather, it was an exquisitely crafted hunting blind, maximizing personal concealment and observational capacity simultaneously.
Link -via io9 | Photo: Australian War Memorial


- British experts found two rare bronze statues crafted by Michelangelo.
What idiom or phrase can describe either the state or the period for which the invaluable piece of art remained hidden from public knowledge.
Edit - A word or phrase that tells not about the discovery but the statues, their being out of public domain. Where did it remain all this while?
 - Hidden, (thought) lost, forgotten? There are many options, maybe if you give some more details, we could be more specific. As for unheralded, I don't think it works. The discovery of the statues may have been unheralded, but the statues themselves? – oerkelens Feb 3 '15 at 14:29
 - Sir, kind of where did it remain all this while. – Non-native Feb 3 '15 at 14:38
 - If you are referring to the following article, it is a question of acknowledged or unacknowledged _URL_ – user66974 Feb 3 '15 at 15:41
 - 2
 Unheralded, like gala, is not a great choice for a predicate adjective. – John Lawler Feb 3 '15 at 16:09
 - Is it perhaps the case that the statues were previously unattributed, or misattributed? – Patrick Wood Feb 3 '15 at 21:30
I think it would be fun, if slightly histrionic, to say that the statues "languished in obscurity".
 - +1, 'languished in obscurity", appears appropriate to what the OP demands. – weakphoneme Feb 3 '15 at 16:17
Either heretofore unknown or heretofore undiscovered would work if no knowledge of the works existed prior to the discovery.
The works, heretofore unknown, were discovered in the ruins of a monastery in Pisa.
If knowledge of the works did exist, then you could use thought lost or long thought lost, as in
The works, long thought lost, were discovered in the ruins of a monastery in Pisa.
Edit: You can substitute hitherto for heretofore in the first example.
Since the knowledge of the work did not exist during the period.
What about- "period of anonymity".
The noun anonymity comes from a Greek word meaning "without a name." If you have anonymity, you have namelessness, and people will not know who you are.
an·o·nym·i·ty - (TFD)*
 1. The quality or state of being unknown or unacknowledged.
 2. One that is unknown or unacknowledged.
Assuming that it was known that these pieces existed, but we thought they had been lost, a common way of expressing that is long-lost:
Long-lost original score of Mozart masterpiece found in Budapest
BFI screens long-lost Laurel and Hardy print
Of course, it is possible that nobody (in the recent era) ever knew that they existed at all. That is, not just the statues were long-lost, but actually the knowledge of their existence was lost. In that case, they were forgotten.
How about limbo?
limbo (n.)
 1. (in some Christian beliefs) the supposed abode of the souls of unbaptized infants, and of the just who died before Christ's coming.
 2. an uncertain period of awaiting a decision or resolution; an intermediate state or condition.
The statues were in limbo until discovered.
'Waiting to be discovered' can be used as a metaphor. Oblivious can be used in a certain context, to the time - eg people were oblivious of the future uses of rubber at that time.
The statues were disregarded for nearly a decadecennium.
deca - prefix in the metric system, also a numerical prefix, denoting a factor of ten.
decennium - a period of 10 years
Share and enjoy.
 - If they were disregarded then they couldn't easily be "hidden from public knowledge." – Robusto Feb 3 '15 at 18:21
Your Answer


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Maritime Cyber Security – Cyber safety, security and autonomous shipping addressed with new Bureau Veritas notations and guidelines
Paris – La Défense, France, March 13 2018 – Bureau Veritas has developed a comprehensive approach to support shipowners in addressing maritime cyber risks. A new series of classification notations, guidelines and services enable owners to comply with regulatory requirements, safeguard their crews and protect their assets from both malfunction and malicious attack.
Maritime Cyber Security
Bureau Veritas now offers two cyber notations:
The first, SW-Registry, focuses on software change management ensuring that installations of tested new software versions are properly tracked. It requires the creation and maintenance of a certified register of software used in the ship's onboard systems. SW-Registry is compulsory for newbuild ships using digital systems and enables owners to comply with IACS UR E22, applicable from 1 July 2017. Existing ships may choose to create their own register and would benefit from the additional class notation to help indicate their cyber safety level.
- SW-Registry notation meets requirements of IACS revised Unified
- Requirement (UR E22)
- SYS-COM notation covers requirements for ship-shore data security
- Guidelines for Autonomous Shipping now available
A second new notation, SYS-COM, addresses cyber security, and is directed at preventing malicious cyber attacks. SYS-COM is a voluntary notation covering the exchange of data between ship and shore. Bureau Veritas is now the only classification society to offer a notation for this specific risk, identified as a key cyber security threat to digital ship data and systems. The experience from projects with shipowners and providers of ship equipment and technology systems has been vital in developing and testing the Bureau Veritas approach. Recent announcements of projects with Bourbon and Kongsberg are examples.


text:
Given a undirected graph, the task is to complete the method isCyclic() to detect if there is a cycle in the undirected graph or not.
The first line of the input contains an integer 'T' denoting the number of test cases. Then 'T' testcases follow. Each testcase consists of two lines. Description of testcases are as follows: The First line of each testcase contains two integers 'N' and 'M' which denotes the no of vertices and no of edges respectively. The Second line of each test case contains 'M' space separated pairs u and v denoting that there is a bidirectional edge from u to v.
The method should return 1 if there is a cycle else it should return 0.
Since this is a functional problem you don't have to worry about input, you just have to complete the function isCyclic.
1 <= T <= 100
1 <= N,M <= 100
0 <= u,v <= N-1
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 2 2 3
0 1 2 3 3 4 4 2
Testcase 1: In above first test case there is a graph with 2 vertices and 2 edges the first edge is from 0 to 1 and other edge is from 0 to 0.
Testcase 2: In the second test case there is a graph with 3 vertices and 3 edges from 0 to 1, 1 to 2 and 2 to 3.
If you have purchased any course from GeeksforGeeks then please ask your doubt on course discussion forum. You will get quick replies from GFG Moderators there.


text:
Thursday, July 1, 2010
Thornhill Relatives at the Alamo
Edna (Edney?) Thornhill, born in Virginia circa 1769, the middle daughter of three girls of William (1735–1788) and Sarah Thornhill (1740–Sept 1802), married widower Henry Dearduff (Deardorf) in September of 1802. It was Henry's and Edna's son William, born c1811, who was killed at the Alamo along with his brother-in-law, James George, husband to Elizabeth Dearduff. William was probably named after his grandfather William Thornhill, and had followed his sister and her husband to south Texas. There the two men joined DeWitt's Rangers to go to the aid of the men at the Alamo. To me, the fact that their small unit of 32 men under the command of a Major Williamson chose almost certain death as they marched past the Mexican army of possibly 7,000 men to join about 150 Texians already inside the Alamo. That's courage way beyond the call of duty.
You can get a more detailed account of the Dearduff and George families before and after the battle at these links:
DeWitt's Colony, DeWitt's Rangers: _URL_
William Dearduff: _URL_
Elizabeth and James George: _URL_


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Diagnosis and prognosis of molybdenum deficiency in black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) by plant analysis
Jongruaysup, S., Bell, R.W. and Dell, B. (1994) Diagnosis and prognosis of molybdenum deficiency in black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) by plant analysis. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 45 (1). pp. 195-201.
*Subscription may be required
Diagnosis and prognosis of molybdenum (Mo) deficiencies in black gram crops by plant analysis is difficult because Mo standards have not been set and tested in the field. Therefore, critical Mo concentrations, for the diagnosis of Mo deficiency at early flowering and for diagnosis and prognosis at pod filling in black gram, were determined in two glasshouse experiments by examining the relationship of Mo concentrations in young leaves and nodules to shoot nitrogen content or seed dry matter in plants treated with seven levels of Mo supply on a Mo-deficient sandy loam. In severely Mo-deficient plants, shoot dry matter (DM) and shoot nitrogen (N) content were depressed. Molybdenum concentrations in plant parts increased with increasing Mo supply and were closely related to shoot N content. shoot DM, and seed DM. Critical Mo concentrations for diagnosis of hi0 deficiency were obtained from the relationship between N content and &lo concentrations in leaves and nodules. and for prognosis of Mo deficiency were obtained from the relationship between seed yield and Mo concentrations in plant parts. Critical Mo concentrations were much higher in nodules than in leaves, and among young leaf blades, they increased with decreasing leaf age. For diagnosis of Mo deficiency, blades of the leaf immediately older than the youngest fully expanded leaf (YFEL+lb) and nodules are recommended plant parts. Their respective critical concentrations were 22 and 9600 ng Mo/g DM at flowering, and 22 and 3378 ng Mo/g DM at initial pod set. Molybdenum concentrations in the YFEL+lb and nodules at podding were also related to seed production at maturity. Recommended critical h10 concentrations in the YFELflb and nodules at initial pod set for the prognosis of IbIo deficiency for seed DM were 18 and 3000 ng Mo/g DM respectively.
|Publication Type:||Journal Article|
|Murdoch Affiliation:||School of Biological and Environmental Sciences|
|Item Control Page|


Eclipse Cheat Sheets Rock
Tuesday, November 30th, 2010 - By Seth Rosen
The hardest part in creating a user interface or complex feature is explaining to the user how it should be used. No matter how useful a feature is, if users can not figure out how to use it, it won't provide them any benefit.
Tutorials and wizards can both help in getting users easily using features for the first time. Tutorials can be good at describing the steps necessary to perform a task where users may want to modify the steps in order to accommodate their specific needs. But tutorials do not typically live within your plugin/product and force users to switch between a tutorial on a website and your product. Wizards are great for taking a user through an ordered series of configuration actions but they also have their weaknesses. Wizards live entirely in a dialog box, which not only has to be designed by the development team, but also does not provide nearly enough flexibility. This is where a little known feature of Eclipse comes to the rescue.
An example of a cheat sheet. This happens to be the cheat sheet for creating an Eclipse Plugin
Eclipse addresses the problems with tutorials and wizards by combining their best parts to create the concept of 'Cheat Sheets.' A cheat sheet allows you to guide a user through a set of ordered instructions much like a traditional wizard, except that the steps are taken directly within the Eclipse IDE instead of a dialog box. Cheat sheets use a simple XML format, so they're easily modified and updated just like an online tutorial. Because they are integrated in the IDE users will not have to remember instructions or continuously switch between a website and their workspace. Cheat sheets also contain many useful features such as: collapsible steps that allow you to quickly switch between tasks or backtrack, a UI that can move into opened dialog boxes so it is never obscured, and compound cheat sheets that combine multiple groups of tasks into one.
If you've never used an Eclipse Cheat Sheet before the first thing you should do is try out one of the built in ones. You can find them in Eclipse by going to 'Help' -> 'Cheat Sheets.' You can then select one such as 'Java Development' -> Create a Hello World Application. You can also select one from a file or URL. Following the instructions in the cheat sheet view that pops up will give you a good idea of the process and what your plugin specific cheat sheet should include.
For us one of the problems we encountered was that users were not sure what to do with the Architexa tool once they got it up and running. There was no clear starting point and users were getting lost. We solved this issue by using cheat sheets to compliment the initial user experience. When users activate our client for the first time we automatically open a composite cheat sheet, walking users through the initial steps in creating a diagram. This gives users a clear place to start and helps them to get their hands dirty right away.
Using cheat sheets is easy. They are flexible, can be easily updated, can be posted online, and provide the benefits of both a tutorial and a wizard all within the Eclipse IDE. Even if you are not building a plugin for Eclipse, the concept of cheat sheets can be implemented in other products. Word processors, spreadsheets, cloud apps, and even other IDEs could benefit from cheat sheets. Upcoming posts will guide you through creating your own cheatsheets, giving you tips and specific examples. If you are already using cheat sheets with your plugin, let us know if you have any specific tips and tricks, or if there is a specific topic you would like covered in more depth.
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Photos in order of appearance: gargoyle and Cummer Oak, 2012; detail of gargoyle, 2012; gargoyle, 2012.
The gargoyle on the pedestal was acquired in 1981 from a building slated for demolition in New York City and was installed in the Italian Garden. The gargoyle symbol dates to Greek and Roman times and is a common feature in medieval churches in France. They were protective symbols and often projected from the eaves of buildings to drain off rainwater.
Near the gargoyle, sitting at the foot of the stairs, is a pink marble lion that is the biggest of the many lion sculptures and decorations. The lion motif is seen frequently throughout the Cummer Gardens on benches and chairs. Though it is not known why Mrs. Cummer chose lions, it is possible that they were selected for their association with courage and nobility. It is also possible that because the heraldic lion is seen all over England, Mrs. Cummer chose to use the symbol throughout her gardens as a complement to her English Tudor style home.


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Prof. Rajeev Ram
6.977 focuses on the physics of the interaction of photons with semiconductor materials. The band theory of solids is used to calculate the absorption and gain of semiconductor media. The rate equation formalism is used to develop the concepts of laser threshold, population inversion and modulation response. Matrix methods and coupled mode theory are applied to resonator structures such as distributed feedback lasers, tunable lasers and microring devices. The course is also intended to introduce students to noise models for semiconductor devices and to applications of optoelectronic devices to fiber optic communications. This course is worth 12 Engineering Design points.
Ram, Rajeev. 6.977 Semiconductor Optoelectronics: Theory and Design, Fall 2002. (MIT OpenCourseWare: Massachusetts Institute of Technology), _URL_ (Accessed). License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA


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PLIDAM is a research team whose area of research is a pluridisciplinary field that borders on applied linguistics as it relates to the dissemination, learning and teaching of languages and literature.
Its research sheds light on the process of globalization, the acceleration of European integration and French as a world language. Its activities are structured around six main themes:
- Language policies, multilingualism and representations;
- Language skills: construction and evaluation;
- Lexicon and translation: what didactics?;
- Literature and culture in language didactics;
- Designing educational tools in a multilingual perspective;
- SemioMed "Semiotics, multimedia corpus and uses".


Which famous people have you outlived?
Ernst Specker
Swiss mathematician
Died when: 91 years 302 days (1101 months)
Star Sign: Aquarius
Ernst Specker
Ernst Paul Specker (11 February 1920, Zurich – 10 December 2011, Zurich) was a Swiss mathematician.Much of his most influential work was on Quine's New Foundations, a set theory with a universal set, but he is most famous for the Kochen–Specker theorem in quantum mechanics, showing that certain types of hidden variable theories are impossible.
He also proved the ordinal partition relation ω2 → (ω2,3)2, thereby solving a problem of Erdős.Specker received his Ph.D. in 1949 from ETH Zurich, where he remained throughout his professional career.


text:
- The rate of premature death has fallen steadily over the last decade for both men and women. In 2009, this rate was 223 per 100,000 males and 138 per 100,000 females, compared to 271 and 166 respectively a decade previously. This is a fall of around a fifth for both men and women.
- The rate of premature deaths is one and a half times as high among men as among women, as it was a decade ago.
- Premature death of men is much higher in Scotland than elsewhere, for both men and women. In 2009, this rate in Scotland was 287 per 100,000 males and 174 per 100,000 females. In the North West - the region with the second highest rates - the rates were 258 and 158 respectively. In the East of England - the region with the lowest rates - the rates were 185 and 119 respectively.
- Over the period 2006 to 2008 (the latest available data), men aged 25 to 64 from routine or manual backgrounds were twice as likely to die as those from managerial or professional backgrounds. Such social class differences exist for all the major causes of death, the two biggest of which are neoplasms (cancers) and circulatory diseases (including heart disease).
- Over the same period, women aged 25 to 59 from routine or manual backgrounds were also twice as likely to die as those from managerial or professional backgrounds. Note that social class allocations for women are considered to be less satisfactory than those for men.
View Graph as PDF (resizeable) Right click to save large version of Graph as PNG View Graph as PDF (resizeable) Right click to save large version of Graph as PNG View Graph as PDF (resizeable) Right click to save large version of Graph as PNG
Standardised Mortality Rates (SMRs) are a reliable illustrator of overall health inequalities.
There are a variety of ways of presenting SMRs. The chosen indicator is the proportion of those aged under 65 who die each year, providing an overall indicator of premature death, with the second graph showing the inequalities between different parts of the country.
The first graph shows the number of deaths of people aged under 65 per 100,000 population aged under 65, with the data shown separately for males and females.
The second graph shows, for the latest year, how the proportion of the population aged under 65 who died varies by region.
The map shows how the proportion of the population aged under 65 who died varies by local authority, with the data averaged for the latest three years.
The data source for the first graph and map is Mortality Statistics Division, ONS (England and Wales) and the General Register Office (Scotland). The data is not publicly available and relates to Great Britain. The data for the second graph comes from the same sources but with the addition of Northern Irish data from the Registrar General. All data has been standardised to a constant European age structure.
The third graph shows how death rates vary by social class, with data for men aged 25 to 64 and for women aged 25 to 59. The data is the average for 2006 to 2008 and covers England and Wales. The data source is the ONS publication Health Statistics Quarterly (HSQ), editions 47 - Autumn 2010 (for men) and 52 - Winter 2011 (for women). The data is the latest publicly available and the age group is the only one for which published data is available. All data has been standardised to a constant European age structure and the social class allocations are based on the individual's own occupation using the NS-SEC three class scheme. Note that, as discussed in the relevant HSQ reports, there may be some biases in the data arising from the use of the 2001 Census for the social class population denominators and the way that HSQ treats these possible biases appears to be a bit different for men and for women. Furthermore, as also discussed in HSQ, the social class allocations for women are less satisfactory than those for men and somewhat different figures are obtained if these allocations are done using a combined classification which also takes the husband's social class into account.
For men, the fourth and fifth graphs provide a further breakdown by cause of death (equivalent figures using the same three-way social class groupings are not available for women).
The fourth graph show the distribution of deaths among men aged 25 to 64 by cause. The data is for 2010 and covers England and Wales. The data source is ONS death registrations summary tables.
The fifth graph shows the death rates among men aged 25 to 64 by cause and social class. The data is the average for 2001 to 2003 and covers England and Wales. The data source is HSQ edition 38 - Summer 2008. The data is the latest publicly available and the age group is the only one for which published data is available.
In the fourth and fifth graphs, the grouping of causes is the only groupings for which social class data is available. Each death has been coded using the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10), with malignant neoplasms (cancers) being ICD-10 codes C00-D48, heart and other circulatory diseases being codes I00-I99, digestive diseases being codes K00-K93, respiratory diseases being codes J00-J99, external causes being codes U509 plus V01-Y89 and other causes being all the other codes. All data has been standardised to a constant European age structure.
Overall adequacy of the indicator: medium. The underlying data are deaths organised according to the local authority area of residence of the deceased by the ONS in England and Wales and by the Registrar General for Scotland. The data by social class is, however, woefully out-of-date, as it is published only once a decade and is already six years out-of-date when first published.
- See the ESRC Health Variations Programme.
- See the Department of Health's Programme for action in tackling health inequalities,, which includes annually published status reports.
- See the Department of Health health inequalities website.
- See the ONS Health Statistics Quarterly publications (e.g. Nos. 52, 47, 45, 44 and 38).
- See Eurostat's atlas on mortality in the European Union.
Overall aim: Promote better health and well-being for all
Department of Health.
Official national targets
By 2010, increase the average life expectancy at birth in England to 78.6 years for men and to 82.5 years for women monitored using mortality rates as a proxy.
Reduce health inequalities by 10% by 2010 as measured by life expectancy at birth (monitored using AAACM as a proxy).
To reduce reducing adult (16+) smoking rates to 21% or less by 2010, with a reduction in prevalence among routine and manual groups to 26% or less.
Other indicators of progress
Proportion of people supported to live independently.
Access to psychological therapies.
Previous 2004 targets
Substantially reduce mortality rates by 2010:
- from heart disease and stroke and related diseases by at least 40 % in people under 75; with at least a 40 % reduction in the inequalities gap between the fifth of areas with the worst health and deprivation indicators and the population as a whole;
- from cancer by at least 20% in people under 75, with a reduction in the inequalities gap of at least 6% between the fifth of areas with the worst health and deprivation indicators and the population as a whole; and
- from suicide and undetermined injury by at least 20%.
Reduce health inequalities by 10% by 2010 as measured by infant mortality and life expectancy at birth.
|Year||Age-standardised deaths per 100,000 population|
|Age-standardised deaths per 100,000 population|
|Yorkshire and The Humber||224||147||186|
|Social class||Death rates per 100,000|
|Men aged 25 to 64||Women aged 25 to 59|
|Routine or manual backgrounds||415||236|
|Managerial or professional backgrounds||188||110|
|Cause of death among men aged 25 to 64|
|Heart and other circulatory diseases||27%|
|Social class||Death rates among men aged 25 to 64 per 100,000|
|Malignant neoplasms (cancers)||Heart and other circulatory diseases||Digestive diseases||Respiratory diseases|
|Routine or manual backgrounds||149||152||37||29|
|Managerial or professional backgrounds||92||74||16||10|


text:
ogy. Studies have reported that the bite force varies between 20 N and 120 N during chewing cycle test procedures.,, However, in many studies, the mean 50 N bite force was used as the reference load during chewing test procedures.,,, In the chewing test procedures, the number of wear cycles has been reported to range from 50,000 to 1,200,000., In the in vivo study, an average of 300–700 mechanical loads per day during chewing cycles was reported. In this study, 100,000 mechanical loads selected during chewing cycles were 1 year on average in the in vivo experiment. The chewing simulator was programmed to perform 2 mm of vertical movement and 0.7 mm of lateral movement at the load cycle frequency during the experiment and at 1.2 Hz. In many studies in the literature, it has been reported that the amount of lateral wear loaded movement varies between 0.3 and 1 mm.,,,, Changing the laterally loaded movement mechanism of the chewing simulator will directly affect the wear surface of the composite material. For this reason, a 0.7 mm lateral movement loaded amount, which is frequently preferred in the literature, was selected in this study.,
In the microstructure analysis, it was found that there were deep wear tracks in the wear area of the zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic material. These deep wear marks have occurred during particle transport of the lateral movement mechanism during the chewing movement. Consequently, it is possible to say that zirconia particles have two effects on the mechanical and tribological behavior of glass-ceramic materials;First, a strong bonding between the glass-ceramic matrix and the zirconia particles is formed to prevent a separate wear particle during the lateral movement, and second, to prevent the stress distribution mechanism; performing the transfer of the tensile material during the chewing movement during the bite mechanism. As the contact area increases in the wear area of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic material, the bite force is spread over a larger area, and the direct effect value is reduced through chewing cycle test procedures. However, it has been observed that both wear test methods have particle transport in the wear areas lateral movement direction. These transported particles are indicative of plastic deformation of the zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic material during direct contact wear test procedure. This can be explained by the fact that particles separated from the wear surface of the zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic material from as the third abrasive body. Therefore, the particulate property separated from the surface of the zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic material directly affected the wear surface through chewing test procedures.
| Conclusion|| |
In this study, it has been determined that the different contact-stress wear mechanism has a significant effect on two-body wear resistance of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic material after chewing test procedures. As a result of this study, zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic material showed better abrasion resistance with increasing contact surface of abrasive material. However, microstructure analysis has shown that micro-cracks occur on the wear surfaces both wear test procedures. These micro-cracks may have occurred under the wear surface of the zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic material.
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
| References|| |
Yilmaz, EÇ. Effect of sliding movement mechanism on contact wear behavior of composite materials in simulation of oral environment. J Bio Tribocorros 2019;5:63.
Injeti VS, Nune KC, Reyes E, Yue G, Li SJ, Misra RD. A comparative study on the tribological behavior of Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn alloys in simulated body fluid. Mater Technol 2019;34:270-284.
Ramalho A, Carvalho de MD, Antunes PV. Effects of temperature on mechanical and tribological properties of dental restorative composite materials. Tribol Int 2013;63:186-95.
Elsaka SE, Elnaghy AM. Mechanical properties of zirconia reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic. Dent Mater 2016;32:908-14.
Salazar Marocho SM, Studart AR, Bottino MA, Bona AD. Mechanical strength and subcritical crack growth under wet cyclic loading of glass-infiltrated dental ceramics. Dent Mater 2010;26:483-90.
Kelly JR, Benetti P. Ceramic materials in dentistry: Historical evolution and current practice. Aust Dent J 2011;56 Suppl 1:84-96.
Niu E, Agustin M, Douglas RD. Color match of machinable lithium disilicate ceramics: Effects of foundation restoration. J Prosthet Dent 2013;110:501-9.
Ritter RG. Multifunctional uses of a novel ceramic-lithium disilicate. J Esthet Restor Dent 2010;22:332-41.
Fasbinder DJ, Dennison JB, Heys D, Neiva G. A clinical evaluation of chairside lithium disilicate CAD/CAM crowns: A two-year report. J Am Dent Assoc 2010;141 Suppl 2:10S-4S.
Yilmaz EC, Sadeler R. Investigation of three-body wear of dental materials under different chewing cycles. Sci Eng Compos Mater 2018;25:781-7.
Wimmer T, Huffmann AM, Eichberger M, Schmidlin PR, Stawarczyk B. Two-body wear rate of PEEK, CAD/CAM resin composite and PMMA: Effect of specimen geometries, antagonist materials and test set-up configuration. Dent Mater 2016;32:e127-36.
Tkachenko S, Datskevich O, Kulak L, Jacobson S, Engqvist H, Persson C. Wear and friction properties of experimental Ti-Si-Zr alloys for biomedical applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014;39:61-72.
Yilmaz EC. Effects of thermal change and third-body media particle on wear behaviour of dental restorative composite materials. Mater Technol 2019;34: 645-51.
Finlay N, Hahnel S, Dowling AH, Fleming GJ. The in vitro
wear behavior of experimental resin-based composites derived from a commercial formulation. Dent Mater 2013;29:365-74.
Heintze SD. How to qualify and validate wear simulation devices and methods. Dent Mater 2006;22:712-34.
Hahnel S, Behr M, Handel G, Rosentritt M. Two-body wear of artificial acrylic and composite resin teeth in relation to antagonist material. J Prosthet Dent 2009;101:269-78.
Wassell RW, McCabe JF, Walls AW. Wear characteristics in a two-body wear test. Dent Mater 1994;10:269-74.
Yilmaz EC, Sadeler R. Investigation of two- and three-body wear resistance on flowable bulk-fill and resin-based composites. Mech Compos Mater 2018;54:395-402.
Lazaridou D, Belli R, Petschelt A, Lohbauer U. Are resin composites suitable replacements for amalgam? A study of two-body wear. Clin Oral Investig 2015;19:1485-92.
Koottathape N, Takahashi H, Iwasaki N, Kanehira M, Finger WJ. Quantitative wear and wear damage analysis of composite resins in vitro
. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014;29:508-16.
Koottathape N, Takahashi H, Iwasaki N, Kanehira M, Finger WJ. Two- and three-body wear of composite resins. Dent Mater 2012;28:1261-70.
Hahnel S, Schultz S, Trempler C, Ach B, Handel G, Rosentritt M. Two-body wear of dental restorative materials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2011;4:237-44.
Mehl C, Scheibner S, Ludwig K, Kern M. Wear of composite resin veneering materials and enamel in a chewing simulator. Dent Mater 2007;23:1382-9.
[Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3], [Figure 4]


text:
In the Interim Design Center parking lot of California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, students are constructing a 30 foot experimental structure that could house astronauts in space. Funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the year-long research and experimentation project challenges students to design a vertical habitat capable of housing four astronauts in space for a period of 60 days. Not only is this an extreme case of micro-living, but to design a living quarters with no orientation, where walls, floors and ceilings are non-existent, is unworldly.
More after the break…
This experience has inspired some Cal Poly Pomona students to think beyond the traditional architecture career path and pursue internships with NASA, working at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a federally funded research and development center that specializes in the construction and operation of robotic planetary spacecraft.
"It opens up my perspective to what you can do with a design degree like this," said fourth-year architecture student, Garrett Sanne to The Poly Post. "That it doesn't necessarily have to be architecture, you could be designing space habitats. You don't really look outside the box until you open yourself up to something like this."
The video above is an extensive tour of the orbital laboratory by Commander of the International Space Station, Sunita Williams of NASA.
via The Poly Post


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I'd like to know if there is a way to determine if a variable contains a MooTools Class instance.
Here's the example below in jsFiddle: _URL_
var a = new Class();
var aInstance = new a();
document.write('#1 instanceOf(aInstance,a) ='+ instanceOf(aInstance,a) + '') // aInstance is instance of a. Returns true.
document.write('#2 instanceOf(aInstance,Class) ='+ instanceOf(aInstance,Class) + '') // aInstance isn't instance of Class, so returns false.
Is there a way to make #2 happen?
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up vote 1 down vote accepted
I think I got it.
var Foo = new Class({});
var FooInstance = new Foo();
alert(typeOf(FooInstance.$constructor)); // alerts 'class'
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There are some verses that use the terminology "power", and I heard it with different preachers that the Christians possess power.
Here are some examples:
— The Holy Bible: English Standard Version. 2001 (1 Co 2:4–5). Wheaton: Standard Bible Society.
— The Holy Bible: English Standard Version. 2001 (Ac 6:8). Wheaton: Standard Bible Society.
What is the power that Christians possess?
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The following comes from a mainly Calvinist view point:
The power you are looking for is the power granted to Christians by the Holy Spirit. Probably one of the most clear examples of this was in Acts 2 on the day of Pentecost.
This was the first manifestation of the power of the Holy Spirit on these new Christians. Much of the book of Acts continues to chronicle this power that they had been granted.
There is now some debate how this power manifests in the modern 21st century. However, it is no doubt still active. Even those (like myself) that are cessationists believe that the spirit is still active in our daily lives, but that he manifests his power differently than he did in the early church.
For example many believe that one of the greatest examples of the power of the spirit is his working on the hearts and minds of God's people to perform both regeneration and sanctification.
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If the power is without a doubt still active, why is there debate as to how it manifests? These statements seem to contradict each other. – Kaz Dragon Jan 25 '12 at 15:26
no contradiction, its merely a change in the manifestation. Many things change how they work over time. The world is different than it was in the first century AD it makes sense that the Spirit might work differently now. – wax eagle Jan 25 '12 at 15:38
How could one tell the difference between manifesting the power of sanctification and not (where presumably people would mistakenly say that things were sanctified, but they would not be)? – Rex Kerr Jan 25 '12 at 16:09
_USER_ Sanctification is a process not an all at once thing. (Along the lines of the "Already but not yet" types of things) – wax eagle Jan 25 '12 at 16:23
You might want to link to this question as well. – Affable Geek Jan 25 '12 at 18:02
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The same power that raised christ from the dead is present in every born again christisan(ephesians 1) and i have seen the demonstration of this power even in todays generation. this power is above everything. all of the satan's power is like an ant in comparison to the power a christian posses in him which is given. by God on believing on christ jesus.
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I's not the most important power, but it can be a quite useful "secondary" power: to always be able to feel happy, no matter the situation. Even in our temporary physical world this can be useful, as stress and pessimism do cause a large number of psychological illnesses.
This might not be a very scientific answer, because I speak from personal experience, but I have no doubt that I'm not the only one with this explanation.
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Any statistical evidence with that? I'm not aware of any significant variance in say, depression rates. Indeed, there are groups of people who identify as Christian with depression caused by their beliefs (and conflicts with their self). – Marc Gravell Jan 25 '12 at 20:32
_USER_: Yes, the doctrines of Christianity are the instigators of inner struggle and, rightly understood, will lead us into conflict with our very natures. Paul sums this up nicely. In particular God's decrees of what is right do nothing but show us how sinful we are. Anybody coming at Christianity with only this understanding without having also understood redemption and grace will undoubtedly be left in despair. Increased depression rates are something I would expect to see particularly where the Word is taught out of balance. – Caleb Jan 26 '12 at 8:49
_USER_ Gravell: There are. I don't remember a citation, but I've read a study (with not religion as a topic!) about the life expectancy and general happiness of distinct geographical areas and cultures. While there were numerous factors, from climate to food types eaten, Christianity did play a role. Do you have statistical evidence (or at least notable examples) of Christian groups being depressed? I know many people from many denominations, and never ever came across something like that. Usually many were stressed because of other factors, and were able to alleviate it through their faith. – vsz Jan 26 '12 at 16:21
_USER_ interestingly, wiki lists conflicting studies; a 2003 which did indeed show higher happiness, and a 2007 which did not (and another in 1992); it also emphasises that this is correlation not necessarily causation. Worth a read though: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_and_happiness. Related, IIRC Karl Marx had something to say on the subject, too. – Marc Gravell Jan 26 '12 at 17:10
Of course, as this is a religious topic, if someone disagrees with religion, will be suspicious of what I wrote as well. Was this question about psychology, it would have been asked in that part of StackExchange, and not here. – vsz Jan 28 '12 at 18:15
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text:
Sociable= enjoying being with other people
- Spirited=full of energy and determination
- Stubborn= determined not to change your mind, even when people think you are being unreasonable (keras kepala)
- Strong-willed= knowing exactly what you want to do and being determined to achieve it, even if other people advice you against it
- Submissive= always willing to obey someone even if they are unkind to you
- Suspicious= penuh curiga
- Tactful= being careful not to say or do something that will annoy or upset other people
- Tactless= likely to upset or ambarrass someone without intending to
- Talkative= liking to talk a lot
- Tenacious= determined to do something and unwilling to stop trying even when the situation becomes difficult
- Thoughtful= serious and quiet because you are thinking a lot
- Thoughtless= forgetting about the needs and feelings of other people because you are thinking about what you want
- Timid= not having courage or confidence
- Unaffectionate= not showing feelings or liking to love
- Unforgiving= unwilling to forgive
- Unsympathetic= not showing, especially by what they say, that they understand and care about someone's suffering
- Workhaholic= someone who cannot stop working and does not have time for anything else
How? Not enough?
Okay, let's find out more resources to learn English.
Just click here to find more English resources in English Daily Conversation….^_^


%0 Journal Article %T KCNA5 gene variation is not associated with the pulmonary hypertension in systemic sclerosis patients %A Ai, Jiao %A Liu, Mao %A Shuai, Zhuang %A Tang, Kai %A Zheng, Jiankang %A Yang, Jinxi %A Peng, Lihan %J Journal of Xiangya Medicine %D 2019 %B 2019 %9 %! KCNA5 gene variation is not associated with the pulmonary hypertension in systemic sclerosis patients %K %X Background: The association between KCNA5 gene variation and systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary hypertension (SSc-PAH) is unclear. The present meta-analysis was conducted to assess the association between KCNA5 gene variation and SSc-PAH. Methods: Electronic databases were searched for relevant studies on the relationship between KCNA5 gene variation and SSc-PAH. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was selected as the effect scale indicators using a random-effects model. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results: A total of 2 articles and 7,583 subjects were included. Among them, 298 were SSc-PAH patients. There was no significant difference found in the comparisons of C/C homozygotes (0.7% vs . 1.7%, OR=0.51, P=0.41), C/T heterozygotes (17.1% vs . 22.7%, OR=0.64, P=0.25) and C/C+C/T heterozygotes (17.8% vs . 24.4%, OR=0.59, P=0.25) between the two groups. Conclusions: The pooled analysis of available data indicates that KCNA5 rs10744676 is not confirmed as an SSc-PAH genetic susceptibility factor. %U _URL_ %V 4 %P


text:
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The Grand Canyon of the South: The Walls of Jericho
July 06, 2005
The Walls of Jericho in Jackson County, Alabama, is being called "The Grand Canyon of the South." More than 10,000 hikers, amateur photographers, birdwatchers and horseback riders have explored this natural marvel since it opened in August 2004. Alabama Gov. Bob Riley officially dedicated the area in April 2005.
"On a nice weekend, 300 people a day visit the Walls," says Greg Lein, assistant director of the State Lands Division of the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. "The response has truly exceeded our expectations. It's one of the most popular properties we've ever had."
In the late 1700s, Davy Crockett explored the area since his family owned land there. A traveling minister came upon the Walls of Jericho in the late 1800s and was so captivated by the cathedral-like beauty that he declared it needed a biblical name and the name stuck. Today, visitors continue to be drawn to the grandeur of the narrow gorge. You can travel to the bottom of its 50-yard-wide limestone bowl and look up at 200-foot-tall cliffs on each side. In a heavy rain, water shoots out of holes and cracks in the rock. Flora and fauna are abundant.
The gorge is just one piece of The Walls of Jericho tract, which was purchased by the State of Alabama's Forever Wild Land Trust, with the help of The Nature Conservancy in 2004, as part of its mandate to acquire land for public use. The entire tract of land is comprised of 21,453 acres-12,510 acres in Alabama and 8,943 acres in Tennessee. The only public access to the land is in Jackson County, Alabama. The property adjoins the Skyline Wildlife Management Area. A 100-mile trail system is presently in the planning stages, expanding future opportunities to enjoy the tract's many features.
What to See
The upper Paint Rock River watershed, which harbors the Walls of Jericho, supports a diverse array of wildlife, including salamanders, 100 species of fish, 45 species of mussel and plenty of birds. Most notable:
- The rare Tennessee cave salamander, which can be found only in Alabama, Tennessee and Georgia
- Five globally imperiled mussels and 12 globally rare mussels are found in the Paint Rock River and its tributaries.
- The pale lilliput and Alabama lampshell mussel-this is the only place in the world where they exist.
- The federally endangered palezone shiner is a fish confined to the Paint Rock River and one stream in Kentucky.
- Three globally imperiled fish, the sawfin shiner, blotchside logperch and the federally threatened snail darter are found in the Paint Rock River. (Source: Nature Conservancy.)
Things to Do
Approximately 10 miles of trails have been built to provide access to the Walls of Jericho and its waterfalls. Getting started is easy. It is a 2.5-mile hike one way, downhill to Clarke Cemetery, with an additional half mile remaining to travel into the Walls. That means the walk back will be mostly uphill and strenuous. Hikers should wear comfortable shoes and bring plenty of water. The trail is well marked and hikers have to cross several shallow streams. However, stream levels rise quickly during thunderstorms and crossing them can be hazardous due to swift currents. After a rain shower, the trail can be muddy for days. On dry days, hikers should plan on a minimum of six hours to make the round-trip, which includes a two-hour stay in the gorge.
A separate 8.3-mile-long horse trail leading into the gorge is also available. Primitive camping is allowed in designated areas, including the parking area for the horse trail.
The Walls of Jericho is also perfect for photographers. Some unique flowers and trees to capture on film or with a digital camera include the yellow lady slipper, pink lady slipper, showy orchid, nodding trillium, smoke tree, yellow buckeye and basswood.
Birdwatchers will enjoy seeing migratory songbirds, such as the cerulean warbler, and nonmigratory birds, such as the ruffed grouse.
Jackson County also has the highest concentration of caves of any county in the United States and is a well-known destination for spelunkers from across the United States.
Local accommodations can be sought through Jackson County Tourism. Contact them at _EMAIL_.
How to Get There
The Walls of Jericho is located in Jackson County about 25 miles northwest of Scottsboro off of Highway 79.
- From Huntsville, Ala., go North on Highway 72. Take a left on Highway 79 to the Skyline/Hytop community. The Walls of Jericho tract is just north of Hytop; Highway 79 goes through the tract.
- From Nashville, Tenn., take I-24 east toward Chattanooga. Take Exit 127 on Highway 64 and turn toward Winchester. Stay on Highway 64 for about 15 miles and turn south on Highway 16. Just after crossing into Alabama, look on the right for a gravel parking area with a yellow gate and an information kiosk. Park there and follow directions on the map at the trailhead.
The Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources promotes the statewide stewardship and enjoyment of Alabama's natural resources to ensure that future generations will be able to enjoy them. The department also advises the state government on management of freshwater fish, wildlife, marine resources, waterway safety, state lands, state parks and other natural resources. This includes the administration, management and maintenance of 22 state parks, 23 public fishing lakes, three freshwater fish hatcheries, 34 wildlife management areas, two waterfowl refuges, three nature centers, two wildlife sanctuaries, a mariculture center with 35 ponds and 645,000 acres of trust lands. Other departmental functions include maintenance of a State Land Resource Information Center and administration of the Forever Wild land-acquisition program.


2:1 Accentuated Eccentrics
When coaches say "accentuated eccentrics" what they're basically talking about is lowering a weight slowly. Accentuate means to emphasize, and the eccentric is the lowering or negative phase of a lift. Along with improving the mind-muscle connection, accentuated eccentrics increase time under tension, crucial for muscle growth.
So, for 2:1 accentuated eccentrics, you'd use both legs (or arms) to explosively lift a load, then lower slowly with just one arm or leg. Here's how that looks on the leg extension:
The lifting portion should be explosive, while the lowering portion should take about 5 seconds. The former improves muscle fiber recruitment. The latter increases mechanical tension, metabolic stress, and fatigues a greater number of muscle fibers. And since the muscle is under tension for longer, blood can't enter the muscle, creating a hypoxic environment. This boosts metabolic stress and increases growth factors like IGF-1, further boosting muscle gains.
Keep the 2:1 technique at the end of training for 3-4 sets of 4-8 reps.
Related: Eccentric Training for More Muscle
Related: This Is Why You're Not Jacked


text:
Chaenopsidae - Blennies
The term Blenny is ambiguous consistung of several families. Chaenopsidae is specifically tube blennies, flagblennies, and pikeblennies. Here you will find the first two. All of the fish in this family are tropical and most are found in North to South America. These fish are very small and may be the smallest of all invertabrites. Their small size can make them easily ovwelooked by divers. The habit of takimg up home in abandoned worm tubes has earned some species the name tube-blenny.


snowflake.snowpark.Table.sample
Table.sample(frac: Optional[float] = None, n: Optional[int] = None, *, seed: Optional[int] = None, sampling_method: Optional[str] = None) DataFrame[source]
Samples rows based on either the number of rows to be returned or a percentage of rows to be returned.
Sampling with a seed is not supported on views or subqueries. This method works on tables so it supports seed. This is the main difference between DataFrame.sample() and this method.
Parameters:
 - frac – The percentage of rows to be sampled.
 - n – The fixed number of rows to sample in the range of 0 to 1,000,000 (inclusive). Either frac or n should be provided.
 - seed – Specifies a seed value to make the sampling deterministic. Can be any integer between 0 and _PHONE_ inclusive. Default value is None.
 - sampling_method – Specifies the sampling method to use: - "BERNOULLI" (or "ROW"): Includes each row with a probability of p/100. Similar to flipping a weighted coin for each row. - "SYSTEM" (or "BLOCK"): Includes each block of rows with a probability of p/100. Similar to flipping a weighted coin for each block of rows. This method does not support fixed-size sampling. Default is None. Then the Snowflake database will use "ROW" by default.
Note
 - SYSTEM | BLOCK sampling is often faster than BERNOULLI | ROW sampling.
 - Sampling without a seed is often faster than sampling with a seed.
 - Fixed-size sampling can be slower than equivalent fraction-based sampling because fixed-size sampling prevents some query optimization.
 - Fixed-size sampling doesn't work with SYSTEM | BLOCK sampling.


Algerian Jackal (Canis aureus algirensis)
On this page... (hide)
 1. 1. Common Names
 2. 2. 'Souls Range
 3. 3. Appearance
 4. 4. Other Characteristics
 1. 4.1 Survival
 5. 5. Citations
Jackal Subspecies Map. See also: world species map.
Canis aureus algirensis, from Travels with Heila
1. Common Names
Algerian Jackal
2. 'Souls Range
Northwest Africa: Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia.
3. Appearance
This is a small subspecies of the Golden Jackal; it is equal in size to a red fox, typically weighing around 7.9 to 17 pounds (3.6 - 7.6 kg). It has golden fur, typically with a white stain on its throat and three dusky rings along its tail. It is darker than the Common Golden Jackal and typically less yellow.
4. Other Characteristics
4.1 Survival
Although Algerian Jackals are the smallest subspecies of Jackal, wolves are not native to their home range, and only after the Luperci virus took hold did wolves come from Europe into this area. Even after this point, Algerian Jackals were not especially affected by this, as they themselves had already acquired much of the human technology and ability the European immigrant Luperci brought with them, and so they were able to effectively fight possible negative influences this might have had on them. Algerian Jackals control the important Mediterranean city of Algiers.
5. Citations
 1. Wikipedia.org


text:
This study was designed to examine the interaction of neonatal ethanol and cocaine exposure on isolation induced ultrasonic vocalizations using an oral gavage method of drug administration. There were 5 neonatal treatment groups including 3.0 g/kg ethanol, 20 mg/kg cocaine, both 3.0 g/kg ethanol and 20 mg/kg cocaine, an intubated control and a nonintubated control. Drug was administered twice daily from postnatal days (PND) 4-10. On PND 14, subjects were tested for a 6 min test to assess the rate and type of ultrasonic vocalizations displayed. As previously reported using an intragastric "artificial rearing" administration procedure, pups exposed to ethanol displayed reductions in the number of ultrasonic vocalizations across the test session. Pups exposed to both drugs showed similar deficits to those pups receiving ethanol alone. In contrast, cocaine had no effect on this outcome measure. Sonographic analysis of the vocalizations revealed that ethanol's effects appeared to be selective to certain waveforms rather than a general reduction across all wave types and again, cocaine had no impact on the proportion of the various wave types. These findings provide further support that neonatal ethanol exposure can have significant effects on maternal/infant communication and may play a role in many of the long-term effects associated with ethanol exposure during development.
|Number of pages||10|
|State||Published - Jan 2005|
Bibliographical noteFunding Information:
This work was supported in part by NIAAA grant # 09723 awarded to SB. The authors would also like to thank Josh Yahr, Autra Pointer and Bryan Baseheart for their assistance with data collection and Dr. Tomonari Akamatsu for his expertise in acoustical analysis.
- 3rd trimester ethanol exposure
- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
- Social behaviors
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics


EZ-Face - Multiple Face Recognition Made Easy
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Introduction: EZ-Face - Multiple Face Recognition Made Easy
EZ-Face: Making multiple face recognition - easy!
EZ-Face performs multiple face recognition. It has an interface for training faces and assigning names.
When the application sees faces that are recognized the names are displayed and visually you'll see boxes around the faces with the names assigned. As seen in the main application picture - EZ-Face was trained to recognize the character "Sarah Connor" from the movie "Terminator". Her face is surrounded by a red box and because her face was recognized her name is also displayed.
If a face is detected but not recognized there will be a display of a box around the face with no name. The more pictures of a face you train, the easier it is for the application to recognize a face.
This is a stand alone application I myself developed in C# under Visual Studio.NET 2013. It does require .NET framework 4.5 and should be run on Windows7 and Windows8.x systems. The project is open source, all source code is included.
EZ-Face is designed to connect with 3rd party robotics applications like EZ-Builder from _URL_. EZ-Face can pass variables such as the name of the person's face to EZ-Builder or other 3rd party applications that can send and receive commands on a TCP channel.
Teacher Notes
Teachers! Did you use this instructable in your classroom?
Add a Teacher Note to share how you incorporated it into your lesson.
Step 1: Download
Step 1: Download the latest version of this open source project from my website at: _URL_
Once you download it you'll have access to my EZ-Face application run time and source code files. You can run the software as it is. If you choice to modify the code you can use the free Microsoft Express versions of Visual Studio. You can obtain a copy from Microsoft here: _URL_
Step 2: Watch the Instructional Video
Step 2: Watch the instructional video I made on YouTube at: _URL_
This video walks you through how to download, setup, run, configure, train and use my EZ-Face application. EZ-Face is designed to work with other 3rd party robotics applications that use TCP communications such as EZ-Robot's EZ-Builder (_URL_) software. The video demonstrates everything you'll need to get started.
If you encounter problems or have questions or need help integrating EZ-Face into your robotics application please use the Contact US feature from my website at: _URL_ and include "EZ-Face" in the subject line.
Thank you!
Happy Roboting!
-Justin Ratliff
P.S. Stay tuned for my next Instructables project the "DIY Dancing Cup Cake Robot" dedicated to the folks at Instructables.
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 3 Discussions
 0
 Eros_c
 Eros_c
 4 years ago
 Hello, very cool. Can I change to recognize vechicle plates?
 Can you hlep me?
 _EMAIL_
 0
 robojrr
 robojrr
 Reply 4 years ago
 I'm sorry. I don't know how to assist with that. I think you would be better off starting with a different project or building a new one that details with character recognition. Good luck with your project.
 0
 dschulpius
 dschulpius
 6 years ago on Introduction
 Outstanding! This is something we've all been waiting for for a long, long time! Pure genius!


Health Benefits of Sweet Granadilla or Grenadia
Sweet granadilla or grenadia is a highly nutritious and flavorful fruit, with an orange to yellow skin when ripe. It is native to countries in Central and South America, including Mexico. Today, sweet granadilla grows in Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia, Venezuela, Costa Rica, and Argentina. It is also an exotic fruit to tropical regions in Australia, Africa, the United States, New Zealand, India, Southeast Asia, Israel, Brazil, and Papua New Guinea. Sweet granadilla is scientifically referred to as Passiflora ligularis and is a close relative of the passion fruit (purple granadilla).
The fruit is not as popular as purple passion fruit. Sweet granadilla somewhat resembles the yellow passion fruit on the outer shell in terms of color. However, sweet granadilla and yellow passion fruit are completely different fruits based on their species and pulp characteristics. Besides, the skin of a sweet granadilla is thick and leathery, with white specks or spots.
A whole sweet granadilla and two halves displaying a sweet transparent pulp with black seeds
Sweet granadilla pulp and black seeds
Health benefits of sweet granadilla
Sweet granadilla is a less known species of passion fruits. People do not consume it for its good flavor alone. Sweet granadilla is certainly a nutritionally-dense fruit with many health benefits.
Sweet granadilla has a high nutritional value
Sweet granadilla is rich in calcium, potassium, phosphorus, and iron. The fruit is also a source of vitamins A, B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B9 (folate), C, E, and K. Sweet granadilla is a high-fiber fruit, with a significant amount of antioxidants and proteins. These nutrients contribute to the various health benefits associated with consuming sweet granadilla.
Sweet granadilla promotes red and white blood cell production
Sweet granadilla is a valuable source of the vitamin B complex, iron, phosphorus, and potassium, all of which play a crucial role in boosting the manufacture of red and white blood cells in the body. Thus, sweet granadilla can help maintain a normal blood cell count, promoting health and preventing diseases such as anemia. Besides, the nutrients found in a sweet granadilla might help improve platelet count, thus preventing thrombocytopenia.
Sweet granadilla improves cardiovascular health
Sweet granadilla contributes to better heart health when consumed regularly. The fruit contains minerals and vitamins that play a vital role in regulating heart rate and blood pressure. For instance, potassium, a nutrient available in high amounts in sweet granadilla, helps regulate the heartbeat and prevents cardiovascular diseases when consumed in adequate quantities.
Sweet granadilla leads to better gut health.
Sweet granadilla has a high fiber content that accelerates digestion and improves bowel movements. Thus, sweet granadilla can help reduce and prevent constipation. Additionally, this fruit's fiber provides a substrate for good stomach bacteria that eradicate the harmful ones that cause gastrointestinal diseases. Sweet granadilla is also beneficial for people with ulcers and hiatal hernia due to the wound-healing properties attributable to its high vitamin C content.
Sweet granadilla improves visual health
Sweet granadilla nourishes the body with vitamin A, which helps promote eye health and vision. On this note, the fruit can serve as a good source of vitamin A for people with poor eyesight and vision problems.
Sweet granadilla relieves anxiety and insomnia
Sweet granadilla is a known natural relaxant. The calming properties associated with this fruit help reduce anxiety. Sweet granadilla also induces sleepiness due to its mild sedative properties. As a result, consuming this fruit can help alleviate insomnia in people with sleep disturbances.
Sweet granadilla prevents cancer
Consuming sweet granadilla introduces potent antioxidants into the body. As a result, these antioxidants help get rid of free radicals that cause cellular and tissue damage. Normally, the presence of free radicals in the body might trigger cell mutations, causing cancer. On this account, the antioxidant properties of the compounds in sweet granadilla can help prevent cancer.
Sweet granadilla improves immunity
Eating sweet granadilla makes the immune system stronger by providing essential vitamins and minerals to the body. Specifically, the fruit is a good source of vitamin C, a micronutrient known to boost immunity when included in the diet.
How to eat sweet granadilla
Scoop the soft sweet-tasting pulp and seeds of sweet granadilla after cutting the fruit or breaking the thick leathery outer shell. You can eat the pulp right from the shell. Sweet granadilla is sometimes added to ice-cream, pavlova, and yogurt to provide a distinct flavor and improve the nutritional profile.
How does sweet granadilla taste?
Sweet granadilla has a transparent jelly-like pulp, with hard black seeds. The fruit is aromatic, with a distinctive soft sweet taste. Sweet granadilla also has a better and less acidic flavor than other varieties of passion fruits.
Categories: Health and wellness
Tags:,,,,,,
21 replies
 1. I've never heard If this fruit before. 😀
 Liked by 2 people
 2. Wonderful post
 Congratulations for 300 followers
 Liked by 2 people
 3. Its benefits for gut health alone are enough for me to add this fruit into may daily diet!
 Liked by 2 people
 4. Thank you for choosing to follow my blog! You are my 900th follower so thank you for getting me to that mile stone! I really appreciate your support and I'm looking forward to reading more about your blog.
 Liked by 1 person
 5. Does it help in general gastric issues, such as gas and bloating?
 Liked by 1 person
 6. We had a lot of sweet granadilla at our grandmother's home town. I did not know it had many health benefits. Anyways, thanks for sharing great information.
 Liked by 1 person
 7. I saw this fruit in the shops for the first time the other day. I didn't know what they were, thought they were all over ripe purple passion fruits. Thank you for your informative post. I enjoyed it.
 Liked by 1 person
 1. Watercress: Health Benefits and Nutritional Value – Optimal Health
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