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DKIM "i=" vs "d=" and Reputation
This really should be part seven of a twelve part series or some such as it deals with an aspect of DKIM that's really important, but is way down in the details of implementation. (dkim.org is a reasonable place to start for a general overview of DKIM).
There's an apparently endless thread on the DKIM-SSP spec development mailing list at the moment about the differences between two fields in a DKIM signature that could be used to tie a senders reputation to. Several ESP delivery folks asked me to explain what everyone was talking about, and this post is a first cut at that.
"i=" vs "d="
There are two possible fields in a DKIM signature that could be used to identify the sender of a message, and so to tie a sender history and reputation record to. They are the so-called "i=" and "d=" field, from the syntax used to include them in the signature.
d= is the domain of the entity signing the message. It's the unique identifier for that signer.
As DKIM is domain based, it tells you only that the message was authorized by a given domain, it doesn't tell you who within that domain sent it. One obvious way of passing that information is to use subdomains (billing.example.com vs aardvark.example.com). Another would be to use something like a MySender header – say MySender: _EMAIL_ and have the DKIM signature authenticate that header. That way when you look at the email you see that it is signed by or on behalf of example.com, and that the sender (who is either example.com or somebody they have authorized to send mail on their behalf) is asserting that the author of the message is actually "_EMAIL_" rather than just somebody related to example.com.
The email address in that signed MySender header needn't be the same as any other header, so it may be different to the From, the Reply-To and everything else. It may not be visible to the final recipient at all.
The i= field is almost the same as that MySender header. It's an additional bit of data that the signer of the message (the domain in the d= tag) is asserting to be the identity of the sender of that message. There are a few trivial differences, but that's the gist of it.
Those trivial differences are…
- The domain part of the email address in the i= tag must be the same as or a subdomain of the domain in the d= tag.
- The DKIM public key record associated with a particular domain and selector may (and in practice, probably will if the sender uses i= at all) assert that the domain part of the email address in the i= field must exactly match the domain in the d= field. The value of this is unclear, but it might allow a DKIM verifier to avoid a fair bit of DNS work in some cases.
- The DKIM public key record associated with a particular domain and selector may (but in practice likely never will) assert that you should not consider the signature valid unless the local part of the i= field matches the (wildcarded) string in the g= field of the public key record. In practice I expect this to never be used.
So, summarized, if the d= field is d=example.com and the mail was sent by _EMAIL_ you'd expect the i= field to be one of two things "_EMAIL_" or "_EMAIL_".
"_USER_.com" just means that the person who sent the message is at example.com – in other words it says nothing that's not already said by the "d=example.com" field. In fact, if i= is omitted altogether, this is what you assume it's value is.
"_EMAIL_" means that example.com (or someone they've shared one of their private keys with) is asserting that the sender of the message is "_EMAIL_".
What are they for?
The intended use of i= is the corporate or ISP environment where you may want to DKIM sign mail from users, or allow users (or entire divisions or offices) to DKIM sign mail, but also provide some basic level of enforcement that marketing can't sign mails claiming to be from sales and vice-versa in a corporate environment.
In a consumer ISP environment, it would be possible for earthlink.net to create a DKIM private/public key pair and give the private key to _EMAIL_, to allow him to sign his own email with the d=earthlink.net domain, but require him to put "_EMAIL_" in each message, and have DKIM verifiers refuse to verify the message if he omits the i= field, or puts _EMAIL_ there instead.
I don't expect anyone to use i= much at all, and there's no obvious, sensible use case for it in the context of ESPs or other bulk senders at all. That doesn't mean that ESPs may not use it (to stash a unique customer identifier in, say) but there's no clear use case for recipients to pay much attention to it in reputation terms, so not much drives the ESP to make serious use of it.
If the message is signed by the ESP (d=esp.com) then the ESPs reputation is the one that'll be used to judge the message. If the message is signed by (or, more likely, on behalf of) the customer (d=bricknmortar.com) then the reputation of the customer is the one that'll be used. Even if, in the former case, the message is signed with "_EMAIL_ d=esp.com" I'd be amazed if any mechanical reputation system treated that particularly differently to just "d=esp.com". That all may change as DKIM gets more widely deployed and people get more comfortable with the semantics, but I think it can safely be ignored for the next year or two.
I expect most smarter ESP customers to push for using their own domain for signing, probably by delegating a subdomain to the ESP, rather than signing with the ESPs domain. This gives them the advantage of their own reputation, mostly unaffected by the reputations of other customers of the ESP and which can be transferred from one ESP to another.
I'm not sure which approach the ESPs will push their customers to use, as there are conflicting business pressures. A reputation tied to the customer rather than the ESP reduces the impact of customers reputations on each other – similar to the advantages of one IP to a customer, but more so. But it also makes it easier for a customer to take their business elsewhere without sacrificing the reputation they've built.


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Volume 8, Issue 2 (June 1985)
Development and Evaluation of Ultrasonic Piezoelectric Transducers for the Determination of Dynamic Young's Modulus of Triaxially Loaded Rock Cores
Equipment has been developed that enables the rapid determination of dynamic Young's modulus of triaxially loaded rock cores. Measurement of dynamic modulus is based on a pulse propogation technique using piezoelectric transducers. A detailed description is given of the development of the equipment suitable for laboratory investigations. Details of a laboratory study investigating the variation between static and dynamic moduli of triaxially loaded rock cores are given.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Uchinanchu: A History of Okinawans in Hawai'i
Book jacket of Uchinanchu: A History of Okinawans in Hawai'i. The background depicts Okinawa, with the traditional starvation food sotetsu (sago palm) symbolizing the poverty from which many immigrants hoped to escape. The foreground depicts Hawai'i, with the sugar cane symbolizing both the successes and disappointments Okinawan immigrants found. The ocean and sky pattern is adapted from a traditional Okinawan textile design. (Art by Wesley Kanetake.)
Uchinanchu is the term used by Okinawan immigrants and their descendants in Hawai'i to identify themselves as an ethnic group distinct from the Naichi of Japan's four main islands. Though Japanese, linguistic and cultural differences as well as their late arrival in the Islands made the Uchinanchu targets of Naichi prejudice in the past. Pressure from without and determination from within the group caused Hawai'i's Uchinanchu to pull together with pride in the face of adversity.
"They (mainland Japanese) thought that Okinawans were of a different race. They thought that the Okinawans had tails. There was a lady sitting in front of me and when I stood up, she said, 'Ay, oru same' (All same). After, I realized they don't know what it was like in Okinawa." —Baishiro Tamashiro
Some 25,000 men, women, and children left their impoverished Okinawan homeland between 1900 and 1924, hoping for a better life in Hawai'i. Their early experiences were marked by hard, lean years on sugar and pineapple plantations. In this book, eightyand ninety-year-old issei, first-generation immigrants, describe through interviews what it was like to pull up roots in their homeland and make new lives in the Islands.
"We used to mix Japanese and Hawaiian with hand gestures to talk to the luna (foreman) and other people. The Portuguese luna used to speak a little Japanese. 'Niban (number two) dis you ditchee,' and the luna would pantomime with his hands and feet what we were supposed to do. We somehow managed to communicate." —Seichin Nagayama
The story of the gradual development and progress of the Okinawan community is unfolded through articles on labor, religion, culture, business, agriculture, government, son (village) clubs, and community-wide organizations.
"At that time, and even now, farmers from mainland Japan didn't dance as often as Okinawans. We danced often. Naichi sang songs but were amateur dancers. At any party — if it was an Okinawan party — people danced." —Toden Higa
Uchinanchu: A History of Okinawans in Hawai'i supports and promotes pride in the culture, history, and contributions of Okinawans in Hawai'i. It also adds another chapter to our understanding of Hawai'i's rich, diverse, multi-ethnic heritage.
"After seventy years I feel there's no better place than Hawai'i. When we first came, we didn't think we could stay very long. But after all, the place one stays is the best. Everyone who comes back from Okinawa finds it is still depressed compared to Hawai'i. Life is good here." —Tsuru Yamauchi
- Chinen, Shigeo, 79, pineapple plantation worker, store order-taker
- Higa, Toden, 93, gardener, nursery worker, sugar plantation worker
- Hokama, Chokame, 82, pineapple plantation foreman, sugar plantation worker
- Hokama, Tsuru, 76, homemaker
- Kakazu, Hashiji, 89, liquor maker, sugar plantation worker, writer
- Kaneshiro, Kame, 96, charcoal maker, farmer
- Kina, Matsu, 81, farmer, store clerk, sugar plantation worker
- Kochi, Chosoku, 82, store order-taker, store owner
- Nagayama, Seichin, 91, brewery worker, doctors assistant, sugar plantation worker
- Nakamoto, Tokushin, 98, farmer, goat and pig seller, sugar plantation worker
- Oshiro, Choki, 89, sugar plantation worker, laundry worker, hospital waiter and orderly, insurance salesman, bank employee, laborer, accountant
- Oshiro, Tokusuke, 79, sampan bus driver, sugar plantation worker, beancurd shop owner
- Tamashiro, Baishiro, 93, store owner, sugar plantation worker
- Teruya, Kosuke, 83, pineapple plantation worker, sugar plantation worker
- Yamauchi, Tsuru, 90, cook, sugar plantation worker, restaurant and beancurd shop owner
- Kodama-Nishimoto, Michi, research coordinator

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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two companies of light infantry or riflemen in a regiment of ten companies. The heavy infantry was known as the infantry of the line, and the light as the light infantry and riflemen. Riflemen, armed with rifles, with the light infantry, were charged with the responsibility of opening an engagement and covering the front and flanks of the infantry of the line. With the advent of the rifled musket, however, the distinction between the classes of infantrymen became nominal. After their muster into service in 1861, these terms all but disappeared.
Virginia infantry regiments and battalions in 1861 and 1862, were officially called " Regiment of Virginia Volunteers," or "Battalion of Virginia Volunteers."
Back to History


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Current students must register through the Recorder's Office, which also oversees student files and posts grades.
Associate Director of Student Affairs
Phone: _PHONE_
E-mail: adlanham [at] indiana [dot] edu
Indiana Law students can build their own plan of study by taking classes from a number of different areas, or they can choose an area of focus.
Description Throughout the twentieth century, and now into the twenty-first, taxation has been, and continues to be, critical to the structures of wealth and opportunity in the United States. The aim of this course is to explore the fundamental social, economic and political forces that drive tax policy. Building on the concepts developed in the introductory tax class, this course will combine a socio-legal and historical perspective on taxation with a more conventional political and economic analysis of public finance issues. We will explore such salient topics as the ideal tax base, the tax legislative process, progressivity, and the impact of tax policies on race and gender issues. Successful completion of Introduction to Income Tax is the only prerequisite for this course. (2 cr.)
Note This course may offer writing credit.
Faculty A. Mehrotra
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Top best answers to the question «Where did all the gold come from in the bible»
During the biblical period, just as today, gold served as a store of value, a symbol of wealth and prominence, and a jewelry metal. It was obtained in trade mainly from sources in Egypt, the Arabian Peninsula, India, and the Sinai Peninsula.
10 other answers
Gold is the most frequently mentioned metal in the Bible. The first occurance is in Genesis chapter 2 verse 11. One of the rivers issuing forth from the Garden of Eden had Gold.
Exo 3:20-22 So I will stretch out my hand and strike Egypt with all the wonders that I will do in it; after that he will let you go. (21) And I will give this people favor in the sight of the Egyptians; and when you go, you shall not go empty, (22) but each woman shall ask of her neighbor, and any woman who lives in her house, for silver and gold jewelry, and for clothing.
The Bible mentions gold very early within its pages. The Garden of Eden had a river flowing out of it that fed four other major waterways (the Pishon, Gihon, Tigris and the Euphrates, Genesis 2:10 - 14). Pishon flowed into a land called Havilah, where there was great quantities of high quality gold (verse 11).
Where Did the Gold Come From? By today's standards, Solomon was reputed to have a personal fortune in excess of $60 trillion. Much of this came in the form of pure gold. By the end of his sovereignty, estimations indicated that he owned 500 tons of gold. Modern gold usually comes in the form of bullion.
Solomon made all the furniture which was in the house of the LORD: the golden altar and the golden table on which was the bread of the Presence; and the lampstands, five on the right side and five on the left, in front of the inner sanctuary, of pure gold; and the flowers and the lamps and the tongs, of gold; and the cups and the snuffers and the bowls and the spoons and the firepans, of pure gold; and the hinges both for the doors of the inner house, the most holy place, and for the doors ...
1 Chronicles 22:14 ESV / 1,543 helpful votesNot Helpful. With great pains I have provided for the house of the Lord 100,000 talents of gold, a million talents of silver, and bronze and iron beyond weighing, for there is so much of it; timber and stone, too, I have provided. To these you must add.
Most archaeologists believe that most of the gold came from mines along the Nile River, with some mines located as far as 800 miles south of Cairo. The Nile River carries gold all throughout. Much of Ancient Egypt's gold was sourced from this massive river.
The Bible and gold Gold is also mentioned in the Bible, where Genesis 2:10-12 describes the lands of Havilah, near Eden, as a place where good gold can be found. Incans, Aztecs, and numerous other civilizations also used gold prolifically throughout the early history, including it in religious ceremonies and in famous architectural designs.
All who were of a willing heart brought brooches and earrings and signet rings and armlets, all sorts of gold objects, every man dedicating an offering of gold to the LORD. (23) And every one who possessed blue or purple or scarlet yarns or fine linen or goats' hair or tanned rams' skins or goatskins brought them.
NASB 1995. 'Also the gold and silver utensils of the house of God which Nebuchadnezzar had taken from the temple in Jerusalem, and brought them to the temple of Babylon, these King Cyrus took from the temple of Babylon and they were given to one whose name was Sheshbazzar, whom he had appointed governor. NASB 1977.


Implementing Progress Bar in PSLab App
This blog is a step by step guide on how to make a functional progress bar in an Android app by taking an example of the progress bar implemented in PSLab Android application. The example is based on my work done in PSLab Android repository under PR #1077 and so it will only demonstrate making a simple progress bar (both linear and circular) and not the one showing progress in percentage too.
How progress bar was implemented in the PSLab app?
Both horizontal and circular progress bar is available in the Material Design Library provided by Google in Android Studio. So, no extra dependencies are needed.
Just drag and drop the progress bar of whichever shape necessary i.e. circular or horizontal, directly on the screen available in the Design tab as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Design tab in Android Studio
There are two ways to use the progress bar available in the Material Design Library.
 - To show a loading screen
 - To show the progress of a process
Loading Screen
Loading Screens are used when the time that will be taken by the process is not known. So, an indeterminate circular progress bar is used to show that some process is going on and so the user needs to wait.
Layout
A circular progress bar is used for this process and so drag and drop the circular progress bar as shown in figure 1. Now set the position, height, and width of the progress bar in the layout as necessary. To set the color of the progress bar, use attribute android:indeterminateTint
Backend
To implement this type of functionality, use the setVisibility function to show the progress bar while some process is taking place in the backend and immediately remove it as soon as the result is ready to be displayed. To make the progress bar visible use progressBar.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE) and to make it invisible use progressBar.setVisibility(View.GONE)
Showing Progress
This is a very common type of process and is used by most of the apps. A horizontal progress bar is used to show the actual progress of the process taking place in the backend on a scale of 0-100 (the scale may vary) where 0 means the process hasn't started and 100 means the result is now ready to be displayed.
Layout
Horizontal Progress bars are used for this type of usage. So, drag and drop the horizontal progress bar as shown in figure 1. Now set the position, height, and width of the progress bar in the layout as necessary. Different styles of the progress bar can be found in the documentation [1].
Backend
Initially, set the progress of the bar to 0 as no process is taking place by using method setProgress(). Now as soon as the process starts, to increase the progress by a fixed value, use progressBar.incrementProgressBy() method and to set the progress directly, use progressBar.setProgress() method.
So in this way, a progress bar can be implemented in an Android application. Other features like adding custom designs and animations can be done by making the necessary shapes and animations respectively and using the functions available in the documentation [1].
Resources
 1. _URL_ – Documentation of Progress Bar

Continue ReadingImplementing Progress Bar in PSLab App
Making custom dialog boxes in PSLab app
This blog covers the topic of how to create custom dialog boxes in an Android app by taking an example of how it was implemented in PSLab Android application. The custom dialog box that will be illustrated in this blog will have a layout similar to that from my PR feat: added a guide for Logic Analyzer Instrument using Alert Dialog Box in PSLab Android repository. But all the main functionalities that can be added to a custom dialog will be illustrated in this blog.
How custom dialog was implemented in the PSLab app?
 - The first step is to make a layout for the custom dialog box. The layout of custom dialog should be such that it shouldn't occupy the whole screen as the idea here is to overlay the dialog over the activity and not replace the whole activity with the dialog layout. The layout can be implemented by using the following attributes :
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<ScrollView xmlns:android="_URL_
 android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="match_parent">
 <RelativeLayout
 android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content">
 <TextView
 android:id="@+id/custom_dialog_text"
 android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
 <ImageView
 android:id="@+id/custom_dialog_schematic"
 android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 android:layout_height="@dimen/schematic_height" />
 <TextView
 android:id="@+id/description_text"
 android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
 <CheckBox
 android:id="@+id/toggle_show_again"
 android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
 <RelativeLayout
 android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:layout_below="@id/toggle_show_again">
 <Button
 android:id="@+id/dismiss_button"
 android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
 </RelativeLayout>
 </RelativeLayout>
</ScrollView>
The result of the above layout after adding proper margins and padding is as shown in figure 1.
Figure 1. The output of the layout made for custom dialog
 - Now as the layout is ready, we can focus on adding Java code to inflate the layout over a particular activity. Make a function in the activity or the fragment in which the custom dialog is to be inflated. Add the following code (if the layout is same as that in PSLab app else modify the code as per the layout) in the function to display the custom dialog box.
public void howToConnectDialog(String title, String intro, int iconID, String desc) {
 try {
 final AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(getContext());
 LayoutInflater inflater = getLayoutInflater();
 View dialogView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.custom_dialog_box, null);
 // Find and set all the attributes used in the layout and then create the dialog as shown

 builder.setView(dialogView);
 builder.setTitle(title);
 final AlertDialog dialog = builder.create();
 ok_button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
 @Override
 public void onClick(View v) {
 dialog.dismiss();
 }
 });
 dialog.show();
 } catch (Exception e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
 }
}
Here, the LayoutInflater inflates the custom dialog layout in the Alertdialog builder. The Alertdialog builder is used to hold and set values for all the views present in the inflated layout. The builder then creates a final custom dialog when builder.create() method is called. Finally, the dialog is shown by calling method dialog.show() and is dismissed by calling method dialog.dismiss().
 - Now the dialog box is ready and it will be inflated when the above method is called. But the "Don't show again" checkbox currently has no functionality and so the dialog box will pop up although "Don't show again" checkbox is ticked mark by the user. For adding this functionality, we will need to use Shared Preferences to save the state of the dialog box. For using Shared Preferences, first, add the following lines of code in the above method
final SharedPreferences settings = getActivity().getSharedPreferences(PREFS_NAME, 0);
Boolean skipMessage = settings.getBoolean("skipMessage", false);
The PREFS_NAME is the key to distinctly identify the state of the given dialog box from the stored state of many dialog boxes (if any). A suggested key name is "customDialogPreference". The skipMessage is a boolean used here to check the state if the dialog box should be inflated or not.
Now format the onClickListener of the OK button with the following code :
Boolean checkBoxResult = false;
if (dontShowAgain.isChecked())
 checkBoxResult = true;
SharedPreferences.Editor editor = settings.edit();
editor.putBoolean("skipMessage", checkBoxResult);
editor.apply();
dialog.dismiss();
The following code checks the state of "Don't show again" dialog and then inflates the custom dialog if applicable. If the checkbox is ticked mark then


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Content Currency Date: July 2014 to July 2015
On January 2, 2012, President Obama signed the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA) into law. Although ATRA raised income taxes for high-income individuals, it avoided tax rate increases for middle income taxpayers. ATRA also made many extensions of or modifications to existing law. In other instances, it reinstated many provisions for 2012 that were about to expire and extended them through 2013 and, in a few cases beyond. This course is an overview providing reference to selected individual, energy business, retirement, and estate tax provisions enacted or indexed for inflation by ATRA. The resulting major tax changes carry special meaning to the tax practitioner and return preparer. The course is intended to be a resource for tax professionals and staff alike to gain easy access to the most important major changes enacted by ATRA.
Who Should Attend: CPAs
After reading the materials, participants will be able to:
1. Recognize changes imposed by the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA) relating to individual income taxes by identifying modified tax rates, defining AMT phaseout limits, and showing the how tax credits and deductions work, including education, adoption, and energy credits.
2. Identify key ATRA business provisions, including bonus depreciation, expensing, the work opportunity credit, leasehold and restaurant property improvements, FICA and SECA taxes, and S corporation developments.
3. List retirement plans stating how they were affected by ATRA, including contribution limits and phaseout limits. Recognize the implications of changes to estate, generation-skipping transfer, and gift taxes noting various affected scenarios.
Level: Basic to Intermediate
Format: Self Study
Instructional Method: Interactive
Field of Study: Accounting
Course ID: DP-629.14
NASBA Course ID: QAS-DP-629.14
NASBA Sponsor ID: 112552
Program Prerequisites: Basic Accounting
Advanced Preparation: None
CPE Hours: 2
Instructor: Delta Publishing


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The old ways are the best—reviving traditional knowledge in West Asia
01 July 2011 | News story
An ancient conservation practice born in the Arabian desert more than 1,500 years ago is now being revived in the battle-scarred greenery of Lebanon to help meet the complex challenges of a modern economy.
The pre-Islamic system of environmental protection known as 'hima'—Arabic for protected area—means that the local population rather than a distant authority decides how to manage ecosystems and how to reap their benefits.
Himas are areas set aside seasonally to allow regeneration of renewable natural resources and secure their sustainable use by the people living next to them. But time and political changes have led to their near disappearance. Now, led by IUCN Member the Society for the Protection of Nature in Lebanon, a region-wide effort is underway to revitalize himas and other such effective conservation traditions.
The tradition of Hima spoke a language that the conservation community, after many years of research and field experimentation, has finally arrived at today. For hundreds of years it promoted equitable sharing of resources, social inclusion, sustainable use and management of scarce resources, rights and ethics. It is testimony to the wisdom that the people of Arabia showed in managing their harsh and resource-scare environment.
A few years ago, IUCN's Office for West Asia (ROWA) and its partners organised a workshop on the revival of Hima in the 21st century. The workshop prepared a roadmap to advance Hima through developing the knowledge, policies and implementation of this concept. The workshop produced a publication titled Al-Hima: A way of life in English, French and Arabic which is being used to spread knowledge and awareness.
Last year in Jordan, IUCN ROWA organized a follow up meeting on Hima to try to further revive the traditional knowledge that has been used to manage protected areas and to update the Hima publication.
The Jordan Ministry of Environment and IUCN are supporting environmental organisations and other partners in efforts to conserve the rich biodiversity that is still present in Jordan, but that is under severe pressure. IUCN has submitted a proposal to the ministry that seeks to strengthen local capacity to protect and manage biodiversity-rich areas outside the formal government-designated protected areas.
For more information contact:
Rania Faouri, Communications Officer Regional Office for West Asia (ROWA)


s , general permissions , and similar). You could use yes and no separated by verical pipes, like yes|no|yes|yes|yes|no but this will prove difficult to manage and easy to get bugs in. The best solution I know of is using a "bit field" approach (bit fields are a way of "storing" several options or permissions in a single number by using powers of two and bitwise operators). I've written a separate article that goes into more detail about this, since it will be too long to discuss here - see a bitfield permission system.
A BB Code parser (BB code = bulletin board code) is a piece of code to parse bb tags into their HTML equivalents. A decent BB code parser is possibly one of the most complex pieces of code you're going to use on your forum, so if you don't feel up to the task, you should try getting a free one from the internet and modifying it to fit your needs. If you want to however, all I'm going to say about bb code parsers right now is that they work by finding tags in text, making sure they're correctly nested within one another (XHTML requirement) and that they contain valid information (the case of the url, size, colour and such tags), and then replacing them in the appropriate way with HTML.
Naturally, the more of these "modules" you make, the less you will need to repeat yourself in your code (meaning less bugs and bugs that are easier to fix than usual) and an ease-of-development factor you will love. This goes for functions too, not just classes. Why not use a function called get_user_info() to get the data for the currently browsing user? Perhaps you could make it so that the function only needs to run the actual query once, regardless of how many times you call it, so you don't waste execution time querying for the same info? In any case, you may not be able to recognise what code you will be repeating a lot, but you can always add to your functions and classes, and make the whole system more organised and thus easier to maintain and expand.
Usergroups/Ranks
These are groups your members will belong to, such as member, banned, guest, admin... you should have a table called ranks or usergroups in your database, which will contain the ID numbers, names, descriptions and permissions for each group, for easy editing and adding extra groups. You might want to have icons for each group, so make sure you've got a field in the table for that. After this, it's easy. Let every user have a rank field in their row, and updating the id of the rank to something else makes them a member of that group, and they use that group's opening and closing HTML tag (if you want the names of different usergroups to be surrounded by different tags) and permissions and stuff.
Registration and Login
This is one of the first features you should make after making the basic things such as users, usergroups and topic/forum viewing scripts. With login, don't just set cookies with the user's ID and password. Also have a session table in the database that will list all users currently using the site and their unique session IDs (these could be md5 digests of the user's browser and IP - things that won't change during a session) so that even if someone was to steal the cookies of a user, not only would they not know the password (because it was hashed by md5 or another message-digest algorithm) but they could not create the cookies for themselves and log into your forums, because the session in the database would notice that there had been a change, and would require the user to log in.
The Admin Panel
You will probably feel that making the admin control panel is the most boring part of your project. It won't ever be seen by anyone except several users (if your security is right) so you'll feel a funny nervous feeling in your arms and you'll try and make the panel as quickly as possible, settling for hacky solutions. That's ok. Having any kind of admin panel is better than nothing in any case, and since it won't ever be used by more than several individuals, if the interface isn't your finest work ever, it doesn't matter. Everything you make should work, but you don't need to validate what is inputted as much as everywhere else.
Moderator functions
It may not seem like it, but having a perfectly working system of moderator functions (close/open, stick, delete, edit) is a very important thing. Very soon after your visitors start registering, you will need to have these functions working for your own use, and for any moderators you choose to assign. If they don't work perfectly, your forum has the potential of getting out of hand. Just sit down and make these right after you make the edit/delete features, and you'll be fine. And of course, make sure your forum and topic displaying scripts don't allow posting in locked topics, and correctly display sticky threads.
Three important things
First: make sure unicode is supported, and you use a unicode transformation format (UTF, like utf-8) for encoding. Anyone should be able to enter Chinese or Japanese characters, symbols such as the trademark symbol, and accented characters of all sorts. Getting little black diamonds with question marks in them is seriously annoying. So is getting incorrect characters due to encoding mix-ups.
Second: Remove backslashes from escaped quotes before you output them. You should be escaping strings as a part of stopping SQL injection, but people often forget to do this. (unless you're using a different language than PHP :P)
Third: Solve any special HTML entity problems you may have. If editing a post escapes the ampersand in " again, so you get &quot;, fix it soon. It's very annoying. Anyway, you should only be sanitizing HTML once, either before you insert into the database (easier to do) or every time after you fetch it from the database.
Respect general forum conceptions
There are some things your users will expect from your forum, like that it will be split into sections dealing with boards, topics and messages (alternatively forums, threads and posts), and that it will resemble what their conception of a forum is. Some users like myself find using radically different forum systems such as Vanilla a difficult, confusing experience until they get used to it - your forum will be even more challenging to use since it's the only one of it's kind, whereas hundreds of sites run Vanilla, so there are many users who are already super-familiar with it's interface. Don't take too much liberty in changing some things such as where you would expect certain features to be on the page, or you will confuse your users and your forum will lose a lot of usability. But apart from that, feel free to get creative: as far as the layout is concerned, there are many, many possible ways that your forum can display information to users, so try some out!
Forum software
Take your time documenting your code
Don't rush!
You can still listen to Rush, I'm talking about rushing with your coding. Some people say, "it's all about the journey, not the destination". I am not sure that's always accurate, though you should take your time when making your forum. It can be simple, but your users will know when it's rushed. Make sure everything important works seamlessly, such as forum and thread listing, and users and stuff. Use javascript to make it more responsive and quicker to use. Take your time with this, space your code out so it's readable, and document your code!! No one ever died from writing too many comments in software development. This is especially important if you're working with other people, so never skip it.
Where to start?
If you're a bit confused about where to start, start with the layout. Have one or two static pages that show what your forum will look like, and then take that and start making it dynamic. You could try taking that HTML and using a templating system to generate it dynamically. Next you can connect to the database, and make some of the things on the page dynamic, like the current date, etc. Then set up users and groups, registration and login. You should then make basic features of reading and creating posts (by this time you should be using permissions), forum listing and locked/sticky topics. After that it's all quite easy, you just have to polish up what you've got, and then start adding things like a parser for BB code, user control panel for updating personal information and avatars, and whatever else you might want. You should thoroughly test everything you make, and when you're ready start letting people sign up. There you have your own hand-made community!
And that's about it. The most important thing is to have fun, and learn from the experience. If you want to make a really good forum, you will often either get so excited that you simply have to complete some feature, and will work deep into the night. In other cases, you will still be working deep into the night working on stuff because you'll require extra time that our obligation-packed, short 12-hour days don't provide


Transparency and patterned drawing
256-color transparency
In paletted video modes, translucency and lighting are implemented with a 64k lookup table, which contains the result of combining any two colors c1 and c2. You must set up this table before you use any of the translucency or lighting routines. Depending on how you construct the table, a range of different effects are possible. For example, translucency can be implemented by using a color halfway between c1 and c2 as the result of the combination. Lighting is achieved by treating one of the colors as a light level (0-255) rather than a color, and setting up the table appropriately. A range of specialised effects are possible, for instance replacing any color with any other color and making individual source or destination colors completely solid or invisible. Color mapping tables can be precalculated with the colormap utility, or generated at runtime. Read chapter "Structures and types defined by Allegro" for an internal description of the COLOR_MAP structure.
Truecolor transparency
In truecolor video modes, translucency and lighting are implemented by a blender function of the form:
 unsigned long (*BLENDER_FUNC)(unsigned long x, y, n);
For each pixel to be drawn, this routine is passed two color parameters x and y, decomposes them into their red, green and blue components, combines them according to some mathematical transformation involving the interpolation factor n, and then merges the result back into a single return color value, which will be used to draw the pixel onto the destination bitmap.
The parameter x represents the blending modifier color and the parameter y represents the base color to be modified. The interpolation factor n is in the range [0-255] and controls the solidity of the blending.
When a translucent drawing function is used, x is the color of the source, y is the color of the bitmap being drawn onto and n is the alpha level that was passed to the function that sets the blending mode (the RGB triplet that was passed to this function is not taken into account).
When a lit sprite drawing function is used, x is the color represented by the RGB triplet that was passed to the function that sets the blending mode (the alpha level that was passed to this function is not taken into account), y is the color of the sprite and n is the alpha level that was passed to the drawing function itself.
Since these routines may be used from various different color depths, there are three such callbacks, one for use with 15-bit 5.5.5 pixels, one for 16 bit 5.6.5 pixels, and one for 24-bit 8.8.8 pixels (this can be shared between the 24 and 32-bit code since the bit packing is the same).


Categories:
Home / Free JavaScripts / Forms / Here
Cut & Paste Remember Text field values
Credit: JavaScript Kit
Description: Certain form fields always contain the same values, such as your user's name, email address fields etc. This script will remember the values entered into these fields, and automatically fill out these fields the next time the user returns. It uses cookies to persist the values for 60 days (changeable). For "Contact Us" or "Tell a Friend" forms that are filled out repeatedly by a user, this can save them a lot of time!
This script can only remember the values of text fields (INPUT TYPE="text"), and not TEXTAREA, for example, since a cookie cannot store vast amounts of info.
Example: The first two fields' values will be remembered when you submit the form (try reloading the page afterwards).
Name:*
Email Address:*
Feedback:
Directions:
Step 1: Cut and paste the below script into the  section of your page:
Step 2: With the script installed, simply modify your form with the parts in red:
<form onSubmit="rememberinput('yourname', 'youremail')">
Name:*
<input type="text" id="yourname" size="25" />

Email Address:*
<input type="text" id="youremail" size="25" />

Feedback:

<textarea cols="25" rows="6"></textarea>

<input type="submit" value="Submit" />
</form>
where "yourname", "youremail" etc are the IDs of the form input fields that you wish to remember. Enter as many fields as you wish (separated by a comma), though as mentioned, only text fields are allowed.
JavaScript Tools:
Site Info
CopyRight (c) 2016 JavaScript Kit. NO PART may be reproduced without author's permission. Contact Info


Apply gradient fill to editable text in Illustrator
For a long time I used Type>Create Outlines to turn my text into objects, then applied a gradient fill. This is fine, but means that your text is no longer editable. I usually created a copy of the editable text before creating outlines and hid it in the layers panel, just in case I needed to edit it later down the line.
But there is a way to keep your text editable AND apply a gradient fill.
 1. Select your text box.
 2. Go to the Appearance palette (make the palette visible by selecting Window>Appearance or shift+F6).
 3. Go to the drop down menu for more optionsat the top right of the Appearance palette.
 Select the drop-down menu in the Appearance palette
 4. Select "Add new Fill".
 5. Now you can select a gradient from the Fill palette.
But wait a minute. That means that there are two fills, one on top of the other. If you look closely you may be able to see the original fill colour behind the new gradient fill. To remove the original solid fill:
 1. Go back to the Appearance palette.
 2. Double-click on Characters, to show the original stroke and fill colours of the text.
 3. Select the Fill colour, and drag it into the trash can in the Appearance palette.
Your text now only has a gradient fill, and is still fully editable.
Found this tutorial helpful? Find out how to apply a gradient across multiple objects.
Other Illustrator tips.
Draw or resize shapes and selections from the centre in Illustrator
Apply a gradient fill across multiple objects in Illustrator
Maintain or scale stroke width while resizing in Illustrator
Creating and exporting a print document in Illustrator CS5
Back to Tips


text:
The precise language used in your paternity report is very important but, because it's also very technical, it can sometimes be hard to understand. The report language is familiar to scientists, lawyers, and judges. To help with understanding your results, we've also shown you how they might say it on TV, instead of in a courtroom.
If you did an at-home peace-of-mind test, your report will not show the names of participants: participants are only identified by number and by their role in the test (for example, alleged father or child).
We include names of participants on the report only for witnessed, chain-of-custody tests.
Each paternity test report shows the following information:
- Combined Paternity Index (CPI)
- Probability of Paternity
- Data table of DNA markers (or genetic systems)
The Conclusion states whether the possible father is EXCLUDED or is NOT EXCLUDED as the biological father (see explanations below). The data table lists the different DNA markers (or "genetic systems") examined by scientists to create the CPI and Probability of Paternity.
If the Conclusion reads, "is EXCLUDED as the biological father," this means that he is NOT the father because the data in the table do not support a paternity relationship. When a possible father is EXCLUDED as the biological father, the Combined Paternity Index (CPI) is 0 and the Probability of Paternity is 0%.
If the Conclusion reads, "is NOT EXCLUDED as the biological father," this means that he is most likely to BE the father because the data in the table strongly support a paternity relationship. When a possible father is NOT EXCLUDED, the Combined Paternity Index (CPI) is 100 (or larger) and the Probability of Paternity is typically 99.99% (or higher).
Why do TV personalities say "you are the father" while scientists say you are "not excluded as the biological father"?
Scientists use precise language, whereas TV personalities generalize for dramatic effect. DNA paternity testing uses powerful statistics to create a probability of paternity, and the highest probability possible is 99.99% (not 100%). Saying, "You ARE the father," implies a 100% probability of paternity, which is technically incorrect.
So, just how powerful is a 99.99% probability of paternity?
A 99.99% probability of paternity is so powerful, that it's routinely accepted as evidence in favor of paternity by genetic scientists, courtroom judges, and even the U.S. State Department. Although the scientific language is more technical than how they say it on TV, the bottom line is the same: a DNA paternity test probability of 99.99% is strong enough for a judge to confidently allow (or deny) child support, immigration, or even conviction in a criminal case. It's also why a TV host feels confident enough to say, "You ARE the father."
Follow us on Facebook and Twitter! If you have questions about paternity tests or other DNA testing services, please contact our Client Support Center at _PHONE_, Mon-Fri from 8:30 AM to 5:30 PM Eastern Time. Our friendly, expert representatives are ready and happy to help. Get answers anytime by visiting our Help Center.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Date: January 12 2013
CHILDREN under five who have swimming lessons develop better language, literacy and numeracy skills and are likely to be more prepared for the transition to school, according to a Griffith University study.
The four-year study surveyed almost 7000 parents of children from Australia, New Zealand and the United States and independently assessed 177 children aged three, four and five.
Unsurprisingly, it found children who had early-years swimming lessons performed better in tests of some physical skills, although not ball-handling.
However, lead author Professor Robyn Jorgensen said what was surprising and of interest to parents, educators and policymakers, was that these children also scored significantly better in literacy, numeracy, mathematical reasoning, visual motor skills (cutting paper, drawing lines, colouring in) and oral expression.
''It does appear that children who participate in swimming are achieving a range of milestones earlier than normal populations,'' Professor Jorgensen said in the interim report of Early-Years Swimming: Adding Capital to Young Australians.
''This has been supported strongly from the parent survey, but also (to a lesser degree) in the child testing … For example, the survey showed that young swimmers are reported by their parents to be counting to 10 much earlier than is expected on developmental milestones.''
The interim report said the children also scored better on measures of understanding and complying with directions.
Professor Jorgensen said it could be argued that only wealthier families could afford swimming lessons and therefore the findings reflected social strata. But she said data from the child assessments showed there were significant differences between swimmers and the normal population, regardless of socio-economic background.
''Quality swimming lessons are rich in opportunities for learning beyond swimming skills … which may help in the transition to school,'' she said.
Paul Sadler, the founder of Paul Sadler Swimland, which provided financial support to the study, said swimming lessons might involve games with counting or children chanting Humpty Dumpty before falling into the water. ''I'm not surprised about literacy and numeracy coming up because there is all the language around 'Ready set go', 'Your turn' and stuff with numbers.''
Megan Harris, whose children Lillie and Baxter had swimming lessons from 12 months, said the biggest benefit for her was the confidence her children gained in and out of the water.
''Definitely, I think that helps with the transition to school.'' She said water safety was stressed and children learnt from a very young age to wait their turn and then count to three before getting into the water.
The interim report recommended children who traditionally do not do well at school, particularly in early years, should participate in learn-to-swim. ''Subsidising may be a way forward for disadvantaged families to enable better access to school.''
But it warns that the swimming industry is unregulated and there is considerable variation among swim schools. ''The swim environment and swim teachers/lessons need to be of consistently high quality,'' it says.
Although the industry gave financial support, the independent study represents the views of the research team only.
This material is subject to copyright and any unauthorised use, copying or mirroring is prohibited.
[ The Age | Text-only index]


that cares for all registered workers, handles the invocations of their perform methods and copes with input and output bulks, up-scaling or exception handling. The worker just has to provide the pefrom method to deal with the records.
If the worker needs direct access to the JobManager/TaskManager, e.g. because it is an initial worker and has to get initial tasks to start workflow runs, it must not register itself as a Worker service but has to tackle TaskManager and JobManager itself. Be careful, this is tedious work! So if possible stick to the Worker interface and let everything else be handled by the WorkerManager.
Further reading
Please consult at least the following pages about asynchronous job processing:
Integrating data sources
Due to the architecture of the SMILA connectivity framework it is easy to include additional data sources by providing appropriate implementations of agents and/or crawlers.
Examples
 - A typical agent is a FilesystemWatcher. It monitors a folder (or folder structure) for changes (creation, modification, or deletion of files/folders) and reports those actions to SMILA.
 - Typical crawlers are the FilesystemCrawler or the WebCrawler. The first iterates over a folder structure and sends all encountered files to SMILA. The latter traverses the links of HTML pages, follows links to other HTML pages, and sends these pages as well as other resources (images, PDF files, etc.) to SMILA.
Further reading
Please consult the following how-to tutorials for a more detailed technical description:
Integrating alternative implementations of SMILA core components
The component-based architecture of SMILA even allows you to provide your own implementations of SMILA core components. More info coming soon...
Examples
A typical example is an alternative implementation of the DeltaIndexingManager that does not store its state in memory but in the file system or in a database.
Further reading
tbd.
Back to the top


You can configure logical switches and related objects in Manager mode. A logical switch reproduces switching functionality, broadcast, unknown unicast, multicast (BUM) traffic, in a virtual environment decoupled from the underlying hardware.
Note:
If you use Manager mode to modify objects created in the Policy mode, some settings might not be configurable. These read-only settings have this icon next to them: . See NSX Manager for more information.
Logical switches are similar to VLANs, in that they provide network connections to which you can attach virtual machines. The VMs can then communicate with each other over tunnels between hypervisors if the VMs are connected to the same logical switch. Each logical switch has a virtual network identifier (VNI), like a VLAN ID. Unlike VLAN, VNIs scale well beyond the limits of VLAN IDs.
To see and edit the VNI pool of values, log in to NSX Manager, navigate to Fabric > Profiles, and click the Configuration tab. Note that if you make the pool too small, creating a logical switch will fail if all the VNI values are in use. If you delete a logical switch, the VNI value will be re-used, but only after 6 hours.
When you add logical switches, it is important that you map out the topology that you are building.
Figure 1. Logical Switch Topology
Logical switch with two VMs attached.
For example, the topology above shows a single logical switch connected to two VMs. The two VMs can be on different hosts or the same host, in different host clusters or in the same host cluster. Because the VMs in the example are on the same virtual network, the underlying IP addresses configured on the VMs must be in the same subnet.
NSX Cloud Note: If using NSX Cloud, see How to use NSX-T Data Center Features with the Public Cloud for a list of auto-generated logical entities, supported features, and configurations required for NSX Cloud.


text:
Many people think only of the tragedy masks when they think of Greek theater masks. However, Greek masks were not merely the solid, plain masks often used to represent the theater today. From the origination of the masks to how they are still used in modern productions of classical Greek theater, there are many facts about Greek theater masks that most people do not know.
Origination of Greek Masks
Participants wore masks during certain worship ceremonies and rituals for the Greek god Dionysus. The Greek writer Thespis originally covered his face in white lead during performances. Eventually, Thespis took the idea of wearing masks during ceremonies and incorporated white linen masks into his stage performances.
Reasons for Wearing Masks
There are several reasons why Greeks wore masks during performances. Plays were performed in large, outside amphitheaters. Due to the size of the stage and the positioning of the seating, many audience members were not able to clearly see what was happening on stage. Masks were used as a way to convey emotion to every audience member. Each mask was designed to show a certain emotion through the use of exaggerated facial expressions, which were readable by all audience members. This ensured that all audience members understood the tone and emotion of each character. Greek performers also wore masks because a limited number of actors were allowed on stage. Initially, one performer was allowed on stage at a time. Through the use of masks, different characters and emotions were established during plays. Eventually, three actors were allowed on stage. Also, there were no women actors in Greek theater, so men wore female masks for female roles.
Description of Masks
Masks used in Greek theater were made of plaster-soaked linen, wood or leather. The masks featured exaggerated facial expressions portraying emotions such as happiness, sadness and anger. The mouths were large cut-out or carved openings that enabled actors to speak loudly and clearly. Eyes were clearly drawn on the mask. Pupil holes were punched out so actors could see. Animal or human hair was often added to the mask as facial hair. Masks used to represent female characters featured larger eyes and larger mouth holes.
Finding Ancient Greek Masks
Due to the types of materials used to make the masks, authentic ancient Greek masks do not exist. The masks decayed over time. Fortunately, Greeks depicted people wearing these masks on vases and in drawings. Through research and extensive study, historians have pieced together what the masks looked like.
Greek Masks Today
Greek masks are still used in certain theatrical productions. Many modern directors feel that using Greek masks during Greek tragedy and comedy revivals is essential in capturing the spirit and theme of the play.
- Stockbyte/Stockbyte/Getty Images


Fyi, Hydra Developer position for a new digital library project that my office is spearheading. This is an exciting opportunity for an early-career, 'full stack' developer to work on a cutting-edge, high-profile project with unique digital objects (models, simulations, images, data sets, code, etc.). Please see attached announcement for additional information about the position, including how to apply. - Jessica
Please distribute...
FDA is seeking a software professional with an interest in digital library applications and technology.
Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories
Center for Devices and Radiological Health
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Silver Spring, MD
This is an interdisciplinary project to develop digital library software to enable management, preservation, and online discovery of scientific data and software. The project will develop the FDA Digital Library of Modeling and Simulation repository. This will involve deployment of a new repository and web application using the Hydra technology stack (, which includes Fedora Commons Repository Software, Ruby on Rails, Java, and SQL. The project will design and implement the architecture, workflows, and applications for the FDA Digital Library. In addition, the project will implement a website to give the scientific community access to material in the FDA Digital Library.
Working closely with the Digital Library team and team leaders, the project will include specifying, documenting and developing the technical architecture of a prototype repository and management system for digital preservation.
Specific duties include:
* Work closely with the FDA team to understand the requirements and develop specifications for the digital library architecture.
* Design and implement a repository infrastructure, using open source software, that supports the ingestion, preservation, and delivery of digital
objects (text, xml, images, videos, binary).
* Develop and implement workflows to extract and repurpose metadata and digital objects.
* Customize user interface to open source repository applications for end-user delivery.
* Keep abreast with the digital library software and infrastructure development communities.
* Write and maintain documentation.
To learn more about the project, qualifications needed and how to apply; please see the document attached.


text: If you and your partner are trying to conceive, it's important to keep the testicles cooler than the normal body temperature of 98.6 (98 point 6) degrees. Sperm need a cooler environment, around 93 degrees, for successful production. During the day, you can do this by wearing boxer shorts instead of briefs and not sitting down for long periods of time. At night, to keep your testicles from overheating, sleep with as little clothing on as you can. Avoid electric blankets, heated waterbeds, or other sources of artificial heat, and don't curl up into a ball to keep warm. Remember that the testicles are naturally located outside of the body to keep them at a cooler temperature. Preserving this cooler environment can help sperm production and eventually conception.


Edward Estlin Cummings
Edward Estlin Cummings, commonly known as e.e. cummings, wrote attractive, innovative verse distinguished for its humor, grace, celebration of love and eroticism, and experimentation with punctuation and visual format on the page. A painter, he was the first American poet to recognize that poetry had become primarily a visual, not an oral, art; his poems used much unusual spacing and indentation, as well as dropping all use of capital letters.
Like Williams, Cummings also used colloquial language, sharp imagery, and words from popular culture. Like Williams, he took creative liberties with layout. His poem "in Just " (1920) invites the reader to fill in the missing ideas:
in Just --
when the world is mudluscious the little
lame balloonman
and eddieandbill come
running from marbles and
piracies and it's


text:
Always wanted to be near the sea, enjoying the sunsets and listening to the sound of the waves? Being on the water has always been associated with wellbeing, and for a reason… or better, six. Here are 6 reasons why sailing will make you, and those around you, happier… and healthier.
1. Negative Ions
Breathing is what keeps us alive, the better the air, the better we fuel our bodies. Fresh air makes us feel more awake, active and alive. When sailing you are exposed to clean, fresh air, away from the polluted air of cities and cars. The sea air is richer in negative ions, which help the body absorb oxygen and make us feel better. They naturalize free radicals, revitalize metabolism and help to purify the blood.
2. Vitamin D
Sailing often means spending more time outdoors, getting the benefits of the sun and charging our bodies with essential vitamin D, which helps our bodies to absorb calcium and phosphorus, essential for our bones. Having said that, when sailing it is also important to protect our skin from too much sun, using protective hats, clothing and sun cream.
3. Sounds of Nature
A form of pollution is the sound pollution that we suffer living in cities or near industrial areas. Whilst sailing, we listen to the waves and sounds of water and the wind in our sails. Nature sounds are relaxing and give us a feeling of calm and wellbeing. How many Spas recreate those sounds with artificial fountains or recordings? Living near the water will get you the real thing.
4. Physical fitness
Being near water reduces stress. It makes us feel physically better and more relaxed and boosts our immune system, allowing us to live a healthier life. Sailing also keeps us active and exercised, with all the benefits that an active life provides.
5. The Blue Mind Effect
Being near the water sets our mind in a relaxed, happier state. Recent studies point out how our brains react when we are near the sea, rivers or lakes, making us feel better mentally. Wallace J. Nichols explores the scientific reason behind this in his book 'The Blue Mind'.
6. Feeling of accomplishment
Learning the skills to sail a boat and being able to sail to your destination gives you a feeling of self confidence and accomplishment. Sailing is a constant learning, helping to keep your mind active.
Well, there you have it…
…6 good reasons why sailing not only will make you happier, but will keep you healthier. So why don't you come sailing with us? Whether you are an experienced Skipper or a total novice, take the helm, learn new skills and enjoy the benefits of sailing.
Thank you Marie Wynants for our cover picture!


Scientists propose storing DNA 'ark' on the Moon to preserve our planet
Written on 03/15/2021
By Ciarán Mather
It would seem that some scientists are planning to give a futuristic twist to the old phrase 'don't keep all your eggs in the one basket.'
A group of researchers have suggested sending an 'ark' full of DNA from Earth, consisting of various types of sperm, eggs and seeds from plants.
In their proposal, they outlined that this 'gene bank' would be hidden inside the moon's lava tubes: hollowed-out tunnels and caves sculpted by lava more than 3 billion years ago inside the moon.
In addition, the banks would be powered by solar panels.
Jekan Thanga, head of the Space and Terrestrial Robotic Exploration (SpaceTREx) Laboratory at the University of Arizona, explained his team's back-up plan to LiveScience: 'There's this strong interconnectedness between us and nature. '
'We have a responsibility to be guardians of biodiversity and [to also be] the means to preserve it.'
He added the lunar ark approach is preferable to simply preserving it on Earth, in the event of our planet potentially succumbing to a disastrous event such as a super-volcano or even nuclear war.
The ark would hold the cryogenically (frozen) genetic material of all 6.7 million known species of plants, animals and fungi on Earth.
This would require at least 250 rocket launches to transport the cargo to the moon from Earth, according to researchers.
Not all the technology needed for this ambitious project exists yet, but the researchers think that it could realistically be built within the next 30 years.
The idea of an ark containing Earth's DNA echoes similar concepts seen in science fiction stories before, such as in 2017's Alien: Covenant.


text:
Tests on the effect of clays (kaolin and bentonite) and copper products (hydroxide and oxychloride) in the control of olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), and Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), were carried out from 2003 to 2006 in olive groves and in organic citrus orchards (satsuma, clementine, 'Navelina' orange). Results demonstrate an efficacy of kaolin products in reducing attacks of B. oleae on olives and those of C. capitata on citrus fruits; in olive groves the clays gave similar or better results than copper hydroxide. Bentonite AG/8W showed a significant reduction in punctures by C. capitata. Bentonite products and BPLK kaolin are washed off by rainfall more easily than Surround WP kaolin. In contrast to the effect of copper hydroxide on B. oleae in olive groves, no tested copper product showed a significant reduction in C. capitata punctures on citrus fruits. Clays are very useful tools to control tephritid and other insects and are also environmental friendly, but currently, they are not permitted as products for plant protection in European and Swiss organic farming.
|Numero di pagine||7|
|Stato di pubblicazione||Published - 2010|
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes


text: As a potential biomaterial for many medical applications, NiTi alloy derives its good biocompatibility and corrosion resistance from a homogeneous and protective oxide layer, mainly composed of TiO2, with little concentration of nickel. However, during corrosion testing at high potential, NiTi is susceptible to pitting corrosion, which may affect the amount of ions (nickel and titanium) released by the alloy and thus, may affect its biocompatibility. As a passivating treatment, electropolishing (EP) was demonstrated to decrease the amount of nickel on the surface and to remarkably improve the corrosion behavior of the alloy. After sterilization by ethylene oxide (EO), no modification of the promising corrosion behavior of electropolished NiTi were observed, although some surface modifications were reported. The corrosion resistance of ethylene oxide sterilized and electropolished samples ranked between that of the commonly used Ti6A14V and 316L (0.4 less than 1 less than 1.4 mV/SCE) implant alloys.


Compact interval spaces in which all closed subsets are homeomorphic to clopen ones, I - To the memory of Ernest Corominas (_PHONE_)
Mohamed Bekkali, Robert Bonnet, Matatyahu Rubin
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
3 Scopus citations
Abstract
A topological space X whose topology is the order topology of some linear ordering on X, is called an interval space. A space in which every closed subspace is homeomorphic to a clopen subspace, is called a CO space. We regard linear orderings as topological spaces, by equipping them with their order topology. If L and K are linear orderings, then L*, L+K, L·K denote respectively the reverse orderings of L, the ordered sum of L and K and the lexicographic order on L×K (so ω·2=ω+ω and 2·ω=ω). Ordinals are considered as linear orderings, and cardinals are initial ordinals. For cardinals κ, λ≥0, let L(κ, λ)=κ + 1 + λ* . Main theorem. Let X be a compact interval space. Then X is a CO space if and only if X is homeomorphic to a space of the form α + 1 + Σi<nL(κi, λi ), where α is any ordinal, n∈ω, for every i<n, κi, λi are regular cardinals and κi≥λi, and if n>0, then α≥max({κi: i<n}) · ω. This first part is devoted to show the following result. Theorem: If X is a compact interval CO space, then X is a scattered space (that means that every subspace of X has an isolated point).
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)69-95
Number of pages27
JournalOrder
Volume9
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Mar 1992
Keywords
 - Boolean algebras
 - Compact spaces
 - Mathematics Subject Classifications (1991): Primary 06B30, 54E45, 54E12. Secondary 06B05
 - order topology
 - scattered spaces
ASJC Scopus subject areas
 - Algebra and Number Theory
 - Geometry and Topology
 - Computational Theory and Mathematics
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text:
If you think the dating world is tough for a human, consider for a moment the Nopoli rock-climbing goby of Hawaii, which scales waterfalls up to 100 feet high in order to breed. To put this feat in perspective, itâ€™s the equivalent of a man of average height scaling the 29,029 feet of Mount Everest!
The process leading to this incredible feat is, quite literally, jaw-dropping: the tiny one-inch goby propels itself up the waterfall rocks with two suckers â€" one, common to all gobies, on the belly, and a second, particular to one goby genus, that develops when the mouth migrates from the tip of its head to its chin over the course of 36 to 48 hours, before it embarks on its journey. The fish uses these dual suckers alternately to inch up the rocky substrate of waterfalls to the waters above where the goby mates and deposits eggs in streams. Upon hatching, these juvenile gobies are swept into the ocean where they develop for several months before they return to freshwater streams and pools upstream where they may live for several years. To mate, the gobies of this new generation must repeat the waterfall-climbing process themselves.


text: When the prestressed concrete pipe piles with hybrid reinforcement (PRC pipe pile) are used as the supporting piles of foundation pits, in order to improve the utilization efficiency of non-prestressed reinforcement, it is proposed to use the pipe pile with non-prestressed reinforcement in the section as the supporting piles. Through the statistical analysis of the moment distribution of the supporting piles in 80 foundation pit projects in Tianjin, the full-scale bending tests and finite element analyses of the prestressed high-strength concrete pipe piles with partial hybrid reinforcement (PR-PHC pipe piles), the feasibility of the sectional reinforcement and the bending resistance of the PR-PHC pipe piles are studied. The research results show that the interval distribution of the bending moment of the pile shaft of single support row piles, inclined piles and cantilever piles has regularity. The non-prestressed reinforcement configured in the section of PR-PHC pipe piles can improve its ultimate bending bearing capacity and bending stiffness, and effectively improve the spread of pile cracks. The proposed numerical model can better reflect the actual situation of the tests. In addition, the adverse working conditions that may be encountered in the practical application of PR-PHC pipe piles are analyzed. It is proved that the PR-PHC pipe piles can be used to replace the PRC ones in foundation pit engineering, which reduces the use of reinforcement and promotes the carbon emission reduction.


text:
Secondary Schools Learning Zone
Birmingham Grid for Learning.
This web is used in the city's schools and contains learning activities for pupils in KS3 and KS4. These learning activities are all safe for young people to use and are approved by Birmingham teachers.
Go to the Secondary Learning Zone.
For students aged 11 to 16 the Secondary area is here to help you with your studies. Whether you need support with your GCSEs, help with revision or even career choices there is something here for everyone. If you need help with your Science 'Ask the Expert' or if you're feeling creative then check out the Music Centre and the Gallery!


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Author Topic: TransitionMatrix (Read 1168 times)
vitalimario
Newbie
*
Posts: 6
« on: October 03, 2008, 11:53:17 AM »
Hello,
I am trying to understand the TransitionMatrix and how it works...no previous posts exist about it and the RapidMiner tutorial is not helpful.
Can someone provide with some examples?
-Should i put on attribute field a single nominal attribute or a pair?
-How about the group attribute..what is that for??
Danke!
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text:
- 【 Glossary 】
- Flood-fighting group standby level
If the water continues rising above this point , over flood-fighting group standby level are put on standby.
- Flood caution level
There is a possibility of flood damage occurring. If the water reaches this level, over flood-fighting group are mobilized.
- Evacuation judgment level
This is the threshold where the water level is considered dangerous. If the water level reaches this point, the authorities recommend to start preparing for evacuation.
- Flood warning level
Risk of flood is high. If the water level reaches this point, the authorities recommend evacuating the area.
- Cope level (Levee crown)
It is the top of the dike or levee. If the water level rises above it, the river will overflow.
Copyright(c)2017 Yokohama City. All rights reserved.


text:
N300 Wireless ADSL2+ Modem Router DGN2200M Mobile Edition
To manually specify ADSL settings:
1. From the main menu, select ADSL Settings, and the ADSL Settings screen displays.
2. In the Multiplexing Method drop-down list, select LLC-based or VC-based.
3. For the VPI, type a number between 0 and 255. The default is 8.
4. For the VCI, type a number between 32 and 65535. The default is 35.
5. Click Apply.
Mobile Broadband Settings
To manually configure your mobile broadband Internet settings:
1. Log in to the router as described in Log In to Your Wireless-N Modem Router on
2. From the main menu, select Mobile Broadband Settings.
3. Adjust the settings as needed based on your Internet connection. The fields in this screen
depend on the network and are described in Table 4.
4. The following buttons are available:
- Connect. Manually connect to the network.
- Disconnect. Disconnect from the current network.
- Apply. Apply the changes that you made.


1. Home
 2. Transact
 3. Features and Functions
 4. Administrator Role and Features
 5. Administrator Overview
Administrator Overview
Administrators using Ephesoft Transact are responsible for managing batch classes and batch instances. They also create regular expressions to identify what information in the documents is extracted and validated for the operator to process and review.
Overview of Administrator Navigation Menu
This navigation menu contains the same options as the login screen, with additional access to System Configuration for super-admins. This menu appears:
Figure 1. Administrator Menu
The following table provides a brief overview of each administrator page and its functions.
Feature Overview
Batch Class Management Primary configuration area where workflows, classification and extraction are configured and managed
Batch Instance Management Real-time screen that shows all current batches that are being processed along with a history of finished batches
System Configuration Area for user security, database connection manager, regular expression repository, license info, etc.
Reports Reporting dashboard that will display standard and advanced reports
Was this article helpful to you? Yes No


text:
Major Section: DOCUMENTATION
ACL2 documentation strings make special use of the tilde character (~). In particular, we describe here a ''markup language'' for which the tilde character plays a special role. The markup language is valuable if you want to write documentation that is to be displayed outside your ACL2 session. If you are not writing such documentation, and if also you do not use the character '~', then there is no need to read on.
Three uses of the tilde character (~) in documentation strings are as follows. Below we explain the uses that constitute the ACL2 markup language.
The other uses of the tilde character are of the following form.
Indicates the end of a documentation section; see doc-string.
Indicates the literal insertion of a tilde character (~).
This directive in a documentation string is effective only during the processing of part 2, the details (see doc-string), and controls how much is shown on each round of
moreprocessing when printing to the terminal. If the system is not doing
moreprocessing, then it acts as though the ~] is not present. Otherwise, the system put out a newline and halts documentation printing on the present topic, which can be resumed if the user types
moreat the terminal.
~key[arg]Before launching into an explanation of how this works in detail, let us consider some small examples.
Here is a word that is code:
~c[function-name].Here is a phrase with an ''emphasized'' word, ''not'':
Do ~em[not] do that.Here is the same phrase, but where ''not'' receives stronger emphasis (presumably boldface in a printed version):
Do ~st[not] do that.Here is a passage that is set off as a display, in a fixed-width font:
~bv This passage has been set off as ''verbatim''. The present line starts just after a line break. Normally, printed text is formatted, but inside ~bv...~ev, line breaks are taken literally. ~evIn general, the idea is to provide a ''markup language'' that can be reasonably interpreted not only at the terminal (via
doc), but also via translators into other languages. In fact, translators have been written into Texinfo and HTML.
Let us turn to a more systematic consideration of how to mark text
in documentation strings using expressions of the form
~key[arg], which we will call ''doc-string tilde directives.''
The idea is that
key informs the documentation printer (which
could be the terminal, a hardcopy printer, or some hypertext tool)
about the ''style'' used to display
arg. The intention is that
each such printer should do the best it can. For example, we have
seen above that
~em[arg] tells the printer to emphasize
arg if possible, using an appropriate display to indicate
emphasis (italics, or perhaps surrounding
arg with some character
_, or...). For another example, the directive for bold
~b[arg], says that printed text for
arg should be in
bold if possible, but if there is no bold font available (such as at
the terminal), then the argument should be printed in some other
reasonable manner (for example, as ordinary text). The
is case-insensitive; for example, you can use ~BV or ~Bv or ~bV in
place of ~bv.
Every form below may have any string as the argument (inside
[..]), as long as it does not contain a newline (more on that
below). However, when an argument does not make much sense to us,
we show it below as the empty string, e.g., ''
~- Print the equivalent of a dash
~b[arg] Print the argument in bold font, if available
~bid[arg] ''Begin implementation dependent'' -- Ignores argument at terminal.
~bf Begin formatted text (respecting spaces and line breaks), but in ordinary font (rather than, say, fixed-width font) if possible
~bq Begin quotation (indented text, if possible)
~bv Begin verbatim (print in fixed-width font, respecting spaces and line breaks)
~c[arg] Print arg as ''code'', such as in a fixed-width font
~ef End format; balances ~bf
~eid[arg] ''End implementation dependent'' -- Ignores argument at terminal.
~em[arg] Emphasize arg, perhaps using italics
~eq End quotation; balances ~bq
~ev End verbatim; balances ~bv
~i[arg] Print arg in italics font
~id[arg] ''Implementation dependent'' -- Ignores argument at terminal.
~il[arg] Print argument as is, but make it a link (for true hypertext environments)
~ilc[arg] Same as ~il[arg], except that arg should be printed as with ~c[arg]
~l[arg] Ordinary link; prints as ''See :DOC arg'' at the terminal (but also see ~pl below, which puts ''see'' in lower case)
~nl Print a newline
~par Paragraph mark, of no significance at the terminal (can be safely ignored; see also notes below)
~pl[arg] Parenthetical link (borrowing from Texinfo): same as ~l[arg], except that ''see'' is in lower case. This is typically used at other than the beginning of a sentence.
~sc[arg] Print arg in (small, if possible) capital letters
~st[arg] Strongly emphasize arg, perhaps using a bold font
~t[arg] Typewriter font; similar to ~c[arg], but leaves less doubt about the font that will be used.
~terminal[arg] Terminal only; arg is to be ignored except when reading documentation at the terminal, using :DOC.
Style notes and further details
It is not a good idea to put doc-string tilde directives inside
~bv... ~ev.
Do not nest doc-string tilde directives; that is, do not write
The ~c[~il[append] function...but note that the ''equivalent'' expression
The ~ilc[append] function...is fine. The following phrase is also acceptable:
~bfThis is ~em[formatted] text. ~efbecause the nesting is only conceptual, not literal.
We recommend that for displayed text,
should usually each be on lines by themselves. That way, printed
text may be less encumbered with excessive blank lines. Here is an
Here is some normal text. Now start a display: ~bv 2 + 2 = 4 ~ev And here is the end of that paragraph.The analogous consideration applies to
Here is the start of the next paragraph.
~efas well as
You may ''quote'' characters inside the
arg part of
~key[arg], by preceding them with ~. This is, in fact, the
only legal way to use a newline character or a right bracket (])
inside the argument to a doc-string tilde directive.
Write your documentation strings without hyphens. Otherwise, you may find your text printed on paper (via TeX, for example) like this --
Here is a hyphenated word.even if what you had in mind was:
Here is a hyphenated word.When you want to use a dash (as opposed to a hyphen), consider using ~-, which is intended to be interpreted as a ''dash.'' For example:
This sentence ~- which is broken with dashes ~- is boring.would be written to the terminal (using
doc) by replacing
~-with two hyphen characters, but would presumably be printed on paper with a dash.
Be careful to balance the ''begin'' and ''end'' pairs, such as
~ev. Also, do not use two ''begin''
~bv) without an
intervening ''end'' directive. It is permissible (and perhaps this
is not surprising) to use the doc-string part separator
between such a begin-end pair.
Because of a bug in texinfo (as of this writing), you may wish to
avoid beginning a line with (any number of spaces followed by) the
- character or
The ''paragraph'' directive,
~par, is rarely if ever used.
There is a low-level capability, not presently documented, that
interprets two successive newlines as though they were
This is useful for the HTML driver. For further details, see the
authors of ACL2.
Emacs code is available for manipulating documentation strings that contain doc-string tilde-directives (for example, for doing a reasonable job filling such documentation strings). See the authors if you are interested.
We tend to use
~em[arg] for ''section headers,'' such as
''Style notes and further details'' above. We tend to use
~st[arg] for emphasis of words inside text. This division
seems to work well for our Texinfo driver. Note that
arg to be printed in upper-case at the terminal (using
arg to be printed at the
terminal as though
arg were not marked for emphasis.
Our Texinfo and HTML drivers both take advantage of capabilities for
indicating which characters need to be ''escaped,'' and how. Unless
you intend to write your own driver, you probably do not need to
know more about this issue; otherwise, contact the ACL2 authors. We
should probably mention, however, that Texinfo makes the following
requirement: when using
one of the special characters
}, you must
immediately follow this use with a period or comma. Also, the Emacs
''info'' documentation that we generate by using our Texinfo driver
has


text:
- Teragram is a measure of weight.
- Ecofocus: Even older forests help control CO2
- Jun 10, 2007 A teragram is equivalent to a million metric tons. Each year, largely as teragrams of carbon into the atmosphere. This is a huge number.
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- of total GHG emissions (7260 Tg CO2 eq.
- Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: _PHONE_
- lifetimes of other gases. The relationship between gigagrams (Gg) of a gas and teragrams of CO2 equivalents (Tg CO2. Eq.
- Conversion Table
- Acres. 2.471.
- Appendix 5
- kt kilotonnes. GtC gigatonnes of carbon (1 GtC = 3.7 Gt carbon dioxide).
- Unprecedented 2007 Arctic Fire Released 50 Years of Stored Carbon
- But in 2007, the largest fire ever recorded in the Arctic swept across the Alaskan Northern Slope region, releasing an estimated 2.1 teragrams (2.3 million tons) of carbon into the atmosphere.
- Tundra Fires Feed Global Warming Loop
- The Anaktuvuk River fire burned 1039 square kilometers (401 square miles), an area roughly the size of Cape Cod and visible from space, and released more than 2.1 teragrams (2.3 million tons) of carbon into the atmosphere.
- Teragram - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Jump to: navigation, search. Teragram may refer to: 1012 grams, equivalent to a megatonne.
- Pounds to Teragrams Conversion Calculator
- Use the following calculator to convert between pounds and teragrams.
- How many teragrams in a kilogram
- How many teragrams in a kilogram? Improve How many kilograms are in a teragram? there are _PHONE_ kilogrames in one teragram.
- Create an Account. You are viewing [info] teragrams's journal. Recent Entries; Archive · Friends · User Info.
- teragrams - Wiktionary
- English. Noun. teragrams.
Teragrams is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Teragrams books and related discussion.
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Ctrl + 1
Ctrl + 1
by Devender
0 2224
Ctrl + 1 also known as Control + 1 is a keyboard shortcut that is often used to switch to the first tab in an Internet browser but it serves a different purpose in different programs.
How to use Ctrl + 1?
One needs to press and hold the "Ctrl" key on the keyboard and press the "1" key with it.
Note:
For using these shortcuts, you need to use the 1 key located above the top row keys, not on the numeric keypad.
 - Ctrl + 1 in Excel:
 - In Microsoft Excel, if you choose to press the "Ctrl + 1" key, it will open the Format Cells window.
 - Ctrl + 1 in Word:
 - In Microsoft Word, Ctrl + 1 lets to change a line, paragraph, or all highlighted text to have single spacing.
 Pressing "Ctrl + Alt + 1" will change the selected to heading 1.
 - Ctrl + 1 in Browser:
 - In all the major browsers (e.g. Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Opera), Ctrl + 1 key is used to switch to the first tab of the browser.
 Note:
 In Apple computers, Command + 1'is used to Display items as Icons in Finder.
 In Youtube, 1 is used to move to 10% of the video
 - Ctrl + 1 in Outlook
Pressing Ctrl+ 1 is used to switch to the mail view in Outlook.
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text:
|| Checking for direct PDF access through Ovid
Neuropeptides are the mediators of neurogenic inflammation. Some pain disorders, e.g. complex regional pain syndromes, are characterized by increased neurogenic inflammation and by exaggerated sudomotor function. The aim of this study was to explore whether neuropeptides have a peripheral effect on human sweating. We investigated the effects of different concentrations of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and substance P (SP) on acetylcholine-induced axon reflex sweating in healthy subjects (total n = 18). All substances were applied via dermal microdialysis. The experiments were done in a parallel setting: ACh alone and ACh combined with CGRP, VIP or SP in various concentrations were applied. Acetylcholine (10−2M) always elicited a sweating response, neuropeptides alone did not. However, CGRP significantly enhanced ACh-induced sweating (P < 0.01). Post hoc tests revealed that CGRP in physiological concentrations of 10−7–10−9M was most effective. VIP at any concentration had no significant effect on axon reflex sweating. The duration of the sweating response (P < 0.01), but not the amount of sweat, was reduced by SP. ACh-induced skin blood flow was significantly increased by CGRP (P < 0.01), but unaltered by VIP and SP. The results indicate that CGRP amplifies axon reflex sweating in human skin.


text:
Effect of Phosphorus on Microstructure and Properties of Al-Mg2Si Alloys Subjected to Electromagnetic Stirring
Al-Mg2Si composite has such advantages as low density, high elastic modules, simple manufacture technology and low cost. However, its strength and ductility need to be enhanced. Thus, the alloying element P was added to control the microstructure of Al-Mg2Si alloy and furthermore improve the mechanical properties of the composite. The experimental results show that the microstructure of the Al-Mg2Si alloys subjected to electromagnetic stirring can be significantly refined and the mechanical properties of the alloy get improved due to the addition of phosphorus. It is found that the best modification effect can be achieved when the adding amount of phosphorus is in the range from 0.7% to 1.1% and the holding time is about 15 minutes, and the mechanical properties of the Al-Mg2Si alloys get markedly enhanced.
Yungang Li, Pengcheng Wang, Liqun Ai, Xiaoming Sang and Jinglong Bu
Y. Y. Ren and Y. M. Li, "Effect of Phosphorus on Microstructure and Properties of Al-Mg2Si Alloys Subjected to Electromagnetic Stirring", Advanced Materials Research, Vols. 291-294, pp. 652-657, 2011


text: Abstract The presented study concentrated on the oxidative enzymatic transformation of six imidazoacridinone derivatives exhibiting different antitumour activity. Horseradish peroxidase was applied as an enzymatic model system. The investigations aimed to evaluate: (1) whether the studied compounds can undergo oxidative biotransformation; (2) whether the susceptibility to such biotransformation relates to the structure and antitumour activity of these compounds; and (3) which elements of imidazoacridinone structure are involved in this kind of transformation. The reaction courses were followed by three methods: UV-VIS spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance and high-performance liquid chromatography. It was shown that all the imidazoacridinones studied underwent enzymatic oxidation resulting in the formation of several products, spectra of which revealed that imidazoacridinone chromophore as well as alkylamino side-chain were involved in these biotransformations. The susceptibility to enzymatic oxidation turned out to be well correlated with antitumour activity of these compounds. It was demonstrated that the highly active antitumour 8-hydroxy derivatives underwent oxidative transformation far more readily than the less active 8-methoxy derivatives and analogues without substituent in position 8. The results indicated that the oxidation pathway of 8-hydroxy compounds was different from those observed for the remaining imidazoacridinones studied. It also differed from the pathway proposed earlier for mitoxantrone. Moreover, it was find out that not only the rate but also the mechanism of horseradish oxidation of 8-hydroxy derivatives depended on the reaction conditions. In the presence of excess of hydrogen peroxide, the drugs were exceptionally reactive giving rise to the mixture of many unstable products, among which compounds with both changed and unchanged chromophore structure were formed. However, the equimolar ratio of drug and hydrogen peroxide led to stable products, which resulted from the oxidation in aminoalkyl side-chain. The possible structures of products of imidazoacridinone enzymatic oxidation are discussed. In conclusion, the results presented in this paper indicate that the oxidative metabolic activation of imidazoacridinones may represent the crucial step in their biological action.


text:
Eye test – acuity; Vision test – acuity
Definition of Visual acuity test
The visual acuity test is used to determine the smallest letters a person can read on a standardized chart or card held 14 - 20 feet away.
Paul B. Griggs, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc. – 1/21/2009


Rome Private Guides
WhatsApp Number: +39 _PHONE_
5 Best Coffee Bars in Rome
5 Best Coffee Bars in Rome
Visiting the eternal city does not imply only touring the highlights but also melting with its people and discover their habits and culture. So what's better than tasting coffee to explore Roman flavours?
If you are staying in the city center, it is very easy to find along the way the best coffee shops in Rome, or bars as Romans call them:
 1. Sant'Eustachio - Il Caffè
 2. Antico Caffè Greco
 3. Giolitti
 4. Canova
 5. Sciascia Caffè 1919
Today we will explore the Coffee culture and the best places to taste it!
Coffee: origins and habits
The first secret we will disclose is about Coffee origins: even if actually no coffee grows in Italy, during the past centuries Coffee culture in Italy and Rome has developed in an incredible way, creating a background in melting and roasting the coffee beans and tasting the Italian worldwide renowned espresso.
The actual birth of this unique cafè, the Espresso, dates back to the 19th century, however, coffee culture has been developing throughout the country from the 16th century.
What does the word espresso mean? Espresso refers both to the brewing process and to the drink itself. The main characteristic which makes it so special is due to the way in which under pressure boiling water mix with the coffee beans, creating a smaller drink than the regular coffee.
Maybe you are wondering how to taste it, when and where.
Locals are likely to have a coffee or "un caffè" as they say, many times a day, starting from the early morning. If you imagine Roman people sitting peacefully in a relaxing bar, you are getting it wrong.
The situation you will experience in a common bar during morning opening hours is for sure the following: people standing at the counter, asking for a coffee to drunk in only one shot, and that's what espresso is. Otherwise the most common Italian breakfast is a cornetto, which is a sweet croissant, and a cappuccino, a bigger cup of coffee with milk.
However, locals enjoy a cup of coffee several times a day, and a habit is to have one just after lunch in the early afternoon, sometimes smoking a cigarette at the same time. Why after lunch? Coffee is believed to aid digestion and to have waking up features!
Here are some of the most recommended bars in Rome to have a coffee and feel like a local.
1. Sant'Eustachio – Il Caffè
Let's begin our coffee trip to this historical bar, located in the city center, near Pantheon and Navona Square area. Sant'Eustachio bar is an ancient coffee shop that started operating under the name of "Caffè e Latte" back in 1800. Nowadays owners' aim is to offer a high-quality service, using South America coffee beans. This is why they roast their own beans, paying attention to every step of the process, so also to the blending and to the water necessary to make coffee, which comes from an ancient Roman aqueduct.
 Might interest you ➡ Family Cooking Class in Rome
2. Antico Caffè Greco
Let's proceed towards Spanish Square: a few meters away from the beautiful iconic Spanish Steps, located along the centrally located shopping street called Via Condotti, Antico Caffè Greco is for sure a must – do stop to explore coffee tastes.
Caffè Greco the oldest one in Rome and among the Italians, only Cafè Florian in Venice is older than this. The Cafè is named in this way, due to the belief that its founder was Greek (the word Greco in fact is the Italian translation for Greek).
Many artists and writers used to go there to have a coffee and chat, just to remember some of them: Goethe, Hans Christian Andersen, John Keats, Lord Byron and many more. So while stepping inside Caffè Greco it will be like traveling back in time and you will enjoy an Old World atmosphere so don't be surprised if the bill won't be cheap as other bars in Rome!
Paintings on the wall, red velvet and gold decorations are the main features that will take your breath away here.
3. Giolitti
Giolitti is definitely one of the coffee shops international celebrities and politicians love most and this is not only because it is literally at 10 metres from Italian parliament. It also offers a large variety of local specialities among which we suggest you coffee and gelato, which is for sure a must – do here and this is why you will always find crowds of visitors and locals waiting to have their own cup here.
4. Canova
If you are planning a walk to discover the charming Villa Borghese and the panoramic Pincio Terrace, don't forget to stop first at the lovely bar located at the corner of Piazza del Popolo: you will enjoy a nice view over the square while tasting a good coffee.
If you choose to have a seat here, whether indoor or outdoor, look first at its prices: since Canova is right in Rome city center prices could be higher than other bars you are used to going to.
5. Sciascia Caffè 1919
Just 10 minutes walking from Vatican Museums entrance, located in the glamorous Prati district, Sciascia Caffè is an old-school coffee shop that still keeps its charm, especially due to its wooden and vintage decoration that makes it so memorable. If you wish to stop here along with your coffee exploration, be aware that not only it is one of the best bars in town but also it offers a large variety of choices: coffee, dark chocolate, cappuccino, coffee cream and many more!
That is our top 5 Cafès in Rome. Share with us your experience in Rome and your favourite ones!
12th Oct 2018