Home > Topics > Premier Wen Jiabao Pays Official Visit to Nepal
China, Nepal Issue Eight-Point Joint Statement on Relations, Cooperation
Visiting Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao on Saturday, Jan. 14 2012 paid an official visit to Nepal, during which China and Nepal issued an eight-point joint statement on boosting bilateral ties and strengthening cooperation in various areas.
During the visit, Premier Wen met with Nepalese President Ram Baran Yadav and held talks with the country's Prime Minister Baburam Bhattarai.
The leaders of the two countries had an in-depth exchange of views and reached broad understanding on China-Nepal relations as well as on international and regional issues of mutual interest.
The two sides agreed that the China-Nepal diplomatic relations, established in 1955 and characterized by equality, harmonious co-existence, ever-lasting friendship and comprehensive cooperation, are of great importance to both nations.
"Further enhancement of the ties is in accord with the fundamental interests of the two countries and is conducive to peace, stability and development in the region and the world at large," the joint statement said.
Firstly, the two sides decided to further promote China-Nepal friendly relations of Comprehensive Partnership of Cooperation Featuring Ever-Lasting Friendship on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.
Secondly, the two sides agreed to share development experiences and technological advancement, and enhance all round cooperation so as to achieve mutual development and prosperity.
The two sides also agreed to maintain the momentum of high-level mutual visits, and have meetings between the leaders on the multilateral occasions.
The two nations will also make full use of existing mechanisms including the diplomatic consultations and the China-Nepal Joint Economic and Trade Committee Meeting. The two sides agreed to form a Consultation Mechanism at the level of Ministers for Foreign Affairs.
Thirdly, the Nepalese side expressed its firm support for China on its efforts to uphold state sovereignty, national unity and territorial integrity.
"Nepal does not allow any forces to use its territory for any anti-China or separatist activities," the joint statement said.
Fourthly, the two sides agreed to further intensify cooperation in socioeconomic development, promotion of trade and tourism, hydropower, and transportation infrastructure development, as well as other fields on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.
At the request of the Nepalese side, the Chinese side assured of increase in the volume of regular grant aid for the implementation of various infrastructure development and other projects.
Both sides agreed to improve connectivity, particularly the land transportation infrastructure between the two countries, to facilitate bilateral exchanges, cooperation and business ties.
The two sides maintained that the Tibet Autonomous Region of China and Nepal should make full potentials and take their respective advantages to strengthen people-to-people exchanges in the border areas, and to promote trade, tourism, and the flow of goods and services to expand mutually beneficial cooperation.
The Chinese side said that it encourages and supports competent and well-established Chinese companies and enterprises to promote investment and joint ventures in Nepal, and will provide financing assistance, including concessional loans, to mutually agreed projects.
In the rest part of the joint statement from the fifth to the eighth points, China and Nepal agreed to improve the meeting mechanism between law-enforcing authorities of the two countries, and to deepen cooperation on border management and law-enforcement capacity-building, so as to uphold peace and stability of China-Nepal border areas.
The two countries also announced the year 2012 as "the China-Nepal Year of Friendly Exchanges," saying the two sides will continue to promote exchanges and cooperation in the areas of culture and education and between youths, media, think tanks, scholars and friendly groups of the two countries.
The two sides believed that China and Nepal have identical or similar positions on major international issues, such as global financial crisis, energy and food security, among others.
The two sides agreed to maintain close coordination and cooperation in this regard, so as to uphold the common interests of China, Nepal and other developing countries.
Suggest To A Friend:


Zehnder Communications, Inc.
Banks and Customers: Do They Really Have Relationships? Zehnder Turns the Question Around And Finds a Few Surprises
In a post-digital world, retail bankers realize the future of their industry is not one of pure technology. While smartphones and websites certainly have changed the banking landscape, research shows a rising demand for multi-channel service – a mix of mobile, digital, call center and in-person options.
Despite the increased role of technology, the sense of personal relationship between bankers and customers is still a relevant issue. Indeed, through our agency's work in the retail banking space, we see the multi-channel model essentially ensuring that personal relationships will remain relevant.
Do those kinds of relationships exist? Many bankers say they do, but what about customers? How does each side perceive its relationship with the other, and how well do they match up?
In other words, is there a difference between what bankers see as their customers' priorities and what customers say their priorities really are?
By placing just a slight twist on the question, we found some meaningful and eye-opening results between both bankers and consumers.
So what exactly did we do? In September 2018, Zehnder conducted an online survey of 500 respondents ‒ 400 consumers, as well as 100 bankers with varying levels of decision-making power ‒ all distributed equally in the South, West, Northeast and Midwest.
Our survey was built around four main questions:
 - Would you say you have a personal relationship with your bank?
 - If you do not have a personal relationship with your bank, what reason would prompt you to start one?
 - How comfortable would you be if your bank does not have a physical location?
 - How much do you trust a bank with no physical location?
There were some notable exceptions, but the results showed that bankers were generally much more convinced of relationships than customers ‒ more than 80 percent of bankers compared to 56 percent of consumers.
Among consumers, perceptions differed along a number of criteria. Older customers and males were more likely to perceive a relationship, while females and younger customers were not.
Interestingly, attitudes varied especially among geographical regions. In the South, for example, nearly 90 percent of bankers surveyed said they have a relationship with most clients. That compared with only 50 percent of Southern consumers surveyed.
Bankers in the West were among the least confident in relationships. In that region, a relatively high 18 percent said they were unsure, while only 26 percent said they "definitely" have a relationship, among the lowest figures nationwide.
The responses revealed other interesting differences. While African-American and white customers were generally even on the question of banker relationships, Asian customers weren't as sure. Nearly 40 percent of Asians expressed at least some doubt, the highest among all ethnic groups.
In short, Zehnder's research shows there are some real differences between banks and customers when it comes to the perception of relationships. The bigger question is how much does that matter? The answer is that it depends.
When we asked consumers how much they would trust a bank with no physical location, 53 percent said "a great deal" or "a lot." There were a few variations among regions and age groups, but less than a quarter went as far as saying they would place little or no trust in such a bank.
So consumers are less apt to perceive the existence of a relationship than their bankers are. Yet, consumers are still willing to trust banks, even those without a physical location. What does that insight say about the way your financial services company communicates with customers?
Zehnder is a full-service advertising agency that specializes in education, financial services, food-and-beverage, health care and travel and tourism. With offices in New Orleans, Nashville and Baton Rouge, we help clients all over the country develop a deeper understanding of their industry and how to turn those discoveries into better marketing.
To learn more about our research, contact Jen Boneno at or _PHONE_ to find out more.
Let's Talk.


how many sides of the dice – observations on probability, statistics, and decisions (ATOMs)
How many sides of dice do you need to see to accurately characterize their position?
(Note: the singular form of dice is die–but it sounds funny to talk about one die.)
Let me rephrase the question: Can you tell from looking at this photo what number is on top? (Because that's how we normally score the toss of a pair of dice.)
What if I told you that the number four was also "showing"? Can you deduce what number is on top from those two pieces of information?
How much information do you need in order to deduce what number is on top?
Is this the same question as the very first that I asked, at the outset of this post?
I bet you wish you had some dice right now to help you with this thought experiment. (If you send me a self-addressed stamped envelope, I will send you a pair of dice. No, seriously, I will.)
The probability of a 3 on a toss of the die is 1/6.
What is the probability that a 3 will appear on the side, as it does here?
Knowing that I just tossed a 3, does that affect the chances of me tossing a 3 on the next one?
How many tosses of dice would it take to ascertain that the dice are fair?
What if it cost a million dollars every time you tossed the dice?
Sometimes in order to make the right decision–especially when there is an element of uncertainty or risk–we just need to ask the right question.
The answer to the first question is not trivial by the way.
ATOMs is a monthly column that introduces analytical tools of mathematics and statistics and illustrates their application. To read more about ATOMs, you can read Where Do We Go From Here, or view the online workbook here.


text:
Definition of Mite
Mite: A tiny eight-legged creature belonging to the Order Acarina related to spiders and ticks. Some mites live freely and others as parasites. Mites can attack plants and animals, carry disease, and cause allergies. acaricide.Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionary
Last Editorial Review: 6/14/2012
Allergies & Asthma
Improve treatments & prevent attacks.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: Ignatius Insight Scoop: A spectacular discovery was recently made in the Bavarian State Library, in the process of cataloguing the Greek manuscripts from the collection of Johann Jakob Fuggers. While cataloguing a manuscript, Philologist Marina Molin Pradel identified numerous texts of sermons on the Psalms by Origen of Alexandria (AD 185 – 253/54), the most important theologian of the early Christian church before Augustine–sermons which until now had not been known in the original. The importance of this find cannot be overestimated. The attribution to Origen was confirmed, with the highest degree of certainty, by internationally recognised Origen expert Lorenzo Perrone from the University of Bologna. Read more here.


The containerinfo plugin gathers the list of running containers inside the Linux guest.
Procedure
 1. Retrieving data: For Linux guest, the data collected by containerinfo plugin is retrieved as follows:
 vmtoolsd --cmd "info-get guestinfo.vmtools.containerinfo
 2. Changing poll-interval: For Linux guest, the containerinfo plugin captures information in every 6 hours by default.
 Guest admin can configure this poll-interval at anytime as follows:
 vmware-toolbox-cmd config set containerinfo poll-interval <new value in seconds>
 To revert the containerinfo poll-interval to default value, run the following command:
 vmware-toolbox-cmd config remove containerinfo poll-interval
 3. Querying container information: For Linux guest, the number of containers queried per namespace can be limited to a value as follows:
 vmware-toolbox-cmd config set containerinfo max-containers <value>
 The default value for max-containers is 100. The containerinfo plugin will stop collecting information after it collects information from 100 containers.
 4. Communicate with docker daemon (docker-unix-socket): The docker unix socket is used to communicate with the docker daemon. Default is /var/run/docker.sock
 Note:
 - This key is specific to docker users.
 - The default value can be overridden using vmware-toolbox-cmd:
 vmware-toolbox-cmd config set docker-unix-socket <path of the socket>
 5. Communicate with containerd gRPC server (containerd-unix-socket): The containerd unix socket is used to communicate with the containerd gRPC server. Default is /run/containerd/containerd.sock
 - The default value can be overridden using vmware-toolbox-cmd:
 vmware-toolbox-cmd config set containerd-unix-socket <path of the socket>
 6. Disabling the containerinfo plugin:
 To disable the containerinfo gather loop set the poll-interval=0
 vmware-toolbox-cmd config set containerinfo poll-interval 0


)evolves in time. D. Because the boundary is defined implicitly, the LSM framework overcomes some of the difficulties of boundary point tracking. E. This example illustrates how an arbitrary cell shape (black contour) can be embedded into a signed distance function to form the level set potential function ϕ(x, t). In this case, the potential function is given by the Euclidean distance to the cell boundary, with positive (resp. negative) sign when outside (resp. inside) the cell.
Suppose that the cell boundary at time t is described by the closed-contour Γ(t). The LSM requires a potential function (Fig. 1C.), denoted as ϕ(x, t), that is related to Γ(t) according to:
Γ(t) = {x|ϕ(x, t) = 0}.
Thus, Γ(t) is the zero-level set of ϕ(x, t). It follows that, in the LSM, the cell membrane is represented implicitly through the potential function which is defined on a fixed Cartesian grid, thus eliminating the need to parameterize the boundary. This allows the LSM to handle complex boundary geometries efficiently (Fig. 1D).
One candidate for the potential function is the signed distance function [24], defined by:
signd ( x, Γ ) = { d ( x, Γ ), d ( x, Γ ), 0, if x S, if x S, if x Γ, MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xI8qiVKYPFjYdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9vqFj0dXdbba91qpepeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGaee4CamNaeeyAaKMaee4zaCMaeeOBa4MaeeizaqMaeiikaGIaeCiEaGNaeiilaWIaeu4KdCKaeiykaKIaeyypa0ZaaiqaaeaafaqabeqacaaabaqbaeqabmqaaaqaaiabgkHiTiabdsgaKjabcIcaOiabhIha4jabcYcaSiabfo5ahjabcMcaPiabcYcaSaqaaiabdsgaKjabcIcaOiabhIha4jabcYcaSiabfo5ahjabcMcaPiabcYcaSaqaaiabicdaWiabcYcaSaaaaeaafaqaaeWabaaabaGaeeyAaKMaeeOzayMaeeiiaaIaemiEaGNaeyicI4Saem4uamLaeiilaWcabaGaeeyAaKMaeeOzayMaeeiiaaIaemiEaGNaeyycI8Saem4uamLaeiilaWcabaGaeeyAaKMaeeOzayMaeeiiaaIaemiEaGNaeyicI4Saeu4KdCKaeiilaWcaaaaaaiaawUhaaaaa@6674@
where S identifies the area occupied by the cell and d(x, Γ) is the distance of position x to the curve Γ; see Fig. 1E for an example of a cell shape embedded in a potential function derived from the signed distance function.
We now manipulate Γ(t) implicitly through the function ϕ(x, t) according to the equation:
ϕ ( x, t ) t + v ( x, t ) ϕ ( x, t ) = 0. MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xI8qiVKYPFjYdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9vqFj0dXdbba91qpepeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaqcfa4aaSaaaeaacqGHciITcqaHvpGzcqGGOaakcqWH4baEcqGGSaalcqWG0baDcqGGPaqkaeaacqGHciITcqWG0baDaaGccqGHRaWkcqWH2bGDcqGGOaakcqWH4baEcqGGSaalcqWG0baDcqGGPaqkcqGHflY1cqGHhis0cqaHvpGzcqGGOaakcqWH4baEcqGGSaalcqWG0baDcqGGPaqkcqGH9aqpcqaIWaamcqGGUaGlaaa@4E1B@
The vector v(x, t) is the velocity of the level set moving in the outward normal direction. In our case, v(x, t) intrinsically describes the cell's membrane protrusion and retraction velocities. These velocities can be driven by externally applied forces on the cell membrane (e.g. from a micropipette aspirator), or internally generated mechanical forces (e.g. actin polymerization or myosin-II retraction), or both. To determine how these forces translate to membrane velocity, however, first requires a mechanical model of the cell.
As the potential function corresponding to the cell shape is evolved, it can become quite steep or flat. To reduce the numerical errors caused by these effects, we re-initialize the potential function periodically [24]. This can be done using the re-initialization equation [25]:
ϕ ( x, t ) t = S ( ϕ ( x, 0 ) ) ( | ϕ ( x, t ) | 1 ), MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xI8qiVKYPFjYdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9vqFj0dXdbba91qpepeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaqcfa4aaSaaaeaacqGHciITcqaHvpGzcqGGOaakcqWH4baEcqGGSaalcqWG0baDcqGGPaqkaeaacqGHciITcqWG0baDaaGaeyypa0Jaem4uamLaeiikaGIccqaHvpGzcqGGOaakcqWH4baEcqGGSaalcqaIWaamcqGGPaqkcqGGPaqkcqGGOaakcqGG8baFcqGHhis0cqaHvpGzcqGGOaakcqWH4baEcqGGSaalcqWG0baDcqGGPaqkcqGG8baFcqGHsislcqaIXaqmcqGGPaqkcqGGSaalaaa@5339@
where S(ϕ(x, 0)) is taken as +1 inside the cell, -1 outside the cell and zero on the cell membrane.
Results and Discussion
Viscoelastic model of cell deformation
The LSM relies on a continuum description of the material properties of the cell [2, 26]. We use mechanical models to describe the viscoelastic behavior of the cell [27]. Our mechanical model is based on a representation of cells that assumes a viscoelastic cortex surrounding a viscous core. For cells where intracellular components, such as the nucleus, take a considerable fraction of the cellular volume and play an active role in determining cell shape, the method described here will not be applicable without explicitly modeling these internal structures.
We model the cortex connecting the cell membrane and the cytoplasm with a Voigt model, which consists of the parallel connection of an elastic element k c (nN/μ m3) and a viscous element τ c (nNs/μ m3). The latter describes the association and dissociation dynamics of the cross-linkers. We model the cytoplasm by a purely viscous element, τ a (nNs/μ m3), which is placed in series with the Voigt model (Fig. 2A). The element τ a includes contributions from the interior of the cell as well as adhesion, friction and cytoskeletal reorganization. Strains of the cortex and cytoplasm are described by the variables x m and x c, respectively.


Solar System (Geo)
Similar to the Solar System (IR) demo this demo displays the planets of our solar system, but positions them in the user's vicinity using a location based approach.
Screenshot of the complete demo.
The detail information of each planet is defined in the init() function. Factors are defined to scale the planets to a reasonable size and all planets are combined in the planetsInfo array.
/* put sun, planets (and pluto) in an array */
 this.planetsInfo = [sun, mercury, venus, earth, mars, jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptun, pluto];
view source code on GitHub
Planets are represented by an AR.GeoObject that features the planets image and name indicated as drawables. The AR.GeoObject of each planet is positioned using a AR.RelativeLocation that allows to placement of objects relative to the user's location. Therefore it is possible to position the solar system in northerly direction regardless of the actual longitude and latitude of the user's current position.
An indicator is added to the suns AR.GeoObject so the user is continually guided to look in the "right" direction.
Animation of the planets is done similarly to the 3D Model sample where the circular movement is composed of multiple AR.PropertyAnimations that are combined using AR.AnimationGroups. The animate(planet) function is responsible for creating these animations for a moving planet.
Again similar to the 3D Model sample the planetClicked() function, which is assigned to the onClick trigger, displays the planets information on the HUD.


text:
Curriculum responses to community-based air pollution : an ethnographic study.
The study aimed at exploring curriculum responses to community-based air pollution. This was done through an analysis of educator and learner perceptions of community-based air pollution and an examination of how the curriculum (teaching and learning content) responds to local air pollution. The key forms of the study - (what are the perceptions of educators and learners to community-based air pollution and how do educators and learners respond to community-based air pollution within the formal curriculum). Ethnography as a qualitative methodology was adopted in the study. This methodological tool created spaces to understand curriculum responsiveness in the context of wider social and political power relations in the South Durban Basin. Ethnography suited the study since it was a unique example of educators and learners in real situations and lived experiences, and enabled a clearer understanding of the theory and praxis of curriculum. The primary research methodology used in order to gather data to answer the research questions was observation, participant observation and interviewing of educators and learners. This study was conducted with educators and learners in the Further Education and Training phase (Grade 10), within the Human and Social Sciences in the year 2006. Curriculum responses to community-based air pollution in Geography and Life Orientation were investigated. Learners were traced from previous primary schools in the area and who were in Grade 10. It was found that all participants in the study were knowledgeable and well informed about air pollution through consistent exposure to local air pollution. Collectively, they presented a sense of enduring struggle against community-based air pollution. They have been part of the struggle for clean air for many years and reside in the South Durban Basin. Participants display perspicuity in respect of how air pollution infects and affects them. Attempts at including community-based air pollution into the curriculum have been sporadic and at times incidental from learners' point of view. On the other hand, educators' responses were very constructive and established. Furthermore with reference to curriculum response to the subjects Geography and Life Orientation, both educators and learners responses were similar in that they displayed sophisticated accounts of knowledge of community-based air pollution. There was a deep sense of understanding of content and related to lived experiences. It was also found that educators and learners choose to live optimistically amidst the air pollution at Valley Secondary. Issues of class, poverty and powerlessness emerge from the data - these govern the lives of educators and learners. Participants in the study provided several motivations for Environmental Education to be included as a separate subject for future curriculum initiatives by the Department of Education. The recommendations included a strong need for responsive teaching to community-based air pollution. Learners should also be guided on how they should handle air pollution incidents. Recommendations in respect of re-organising the existent Environmental Club at Valley Secondary School also emerged. There is a clear sense that schools in the area should mobilise against the cooperate giants. Recommendations were provided for Curriculum Planners, Policy, and Policy Makers at the level of the Department of Education for the inclusion of Environmental Education as a separate subject rather than a devolved input.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
With words, sounds and living organisms such as bacteria and slime mould, Jenna Sutela works across different media, including sound, video, sculpture and performance, to identify and respond to the precariousness of material and social moments by bringing together technology and biology. Her interest in science fiction and the ability of art to generate an image and an experience of the present and the future has led her to create works, spaces and devices that carry the viewer into parallel worlds.
Inspired by experiments in interspecies communication, nimiia cétiï (2018) aspires to connect with a world beyond our consciousness by using machine learning to generate a new written and spoken language. Interpreting a Martian language, originally channelled by the French medium Hélène Smith in the 19th century and now voiced by Sutela, the computer simultaneously engages with the movements of an extremophilic bacterium called Bacillus subtilis natto, which, according to recent spaceflight experimentation, could survive on Mars. Portrayed by the project as an alien of our creation, the machine is a medium channelling messages from entities that cannot usually speak. A video shows a computer watching footage of the bacteria under a microscope and generating a script based on an analysis of what it sees. Also on view is a brain-like illustration, or a map of what is happening in the bacterial video, from the computer's perspective as well as illustrations of bacterial movements created by the computer using a future prediction algorithm as a source for optical flow.
nimiia cétiï was created in collaboration with Memo Akten and Damien Henry as part of n-dimensions, Google Arts & Culture's artist-in-residence programme at Somerset House Studios, London.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Just like any other open combustion, candles emit fine particles but
do not pose a health hazard if some rules are respected.
From time to time, the media reports on the high emission of fine particles from candles and the supposed health hazard connected with it. If some basic rules for handling candles are respected, such concerns can be easily dispelled however.
What is fine dust?
Fine dust or particulate matter describes particles that can penetrate the deeper part of the lungs because of their small size and, depending on their composition, may remain there. Possible sources of fine dust can be traffic (diesel particles, tire abrasion, suspended road dust), cooking or open fire (tobacco smoke, open fireplaces) for example. Burning candles produces fine dust too – but besides the particle size and the total fine dust quantity, the evaluation of a possible health risk has also got to take the composition of the particles into account.
Do candles emit fine particles?
A lot of scientific studies covering this topic have been published during recent years. A study of scientists from the University of Lund (Sweden)* is especially noteworthy since it gives an overview of previous studies on candles on the one hand and additionally examines the size, number and composition of emitted particles from steadily burning candles, sooting candles and candles after having been extinguished.
In contrast to other open combustions like wood fires in open fireplaces for example, the flame of a steadily burning candle shows very high temperatures. This is the reason why the candle wax is combusted almost completely and no or only extremely small amounts of pollutants are emitted - ranging far below any critical concentration. One study confirming this fact is a scientific comparison of candles made of different wax types performed by the German Bayreuth Institute of Environmental Research (Ökometric GmbH) in 2007. A study summary can be obtained on request and is available on _URL_.
The undesired incomplete combustion, during which also pollutants can be emitted, can be recognized by a flickering flame or the visible release of soot. It can be caused by insufficient oxygen supply or because the candle is placed in a draught.
If the candle flame is not extinguished with a candle snuffer but blown out instead, there is also an incomplete combustion taking place during the short afterglowing phase.
Findings of the scientific studies
The study of the Lund University examines the size, number and composition of the emitted particles during exactly these possible candle burning phases.
If a candle is burning with a steady flame, it emits a comparably high number of ultrafine particles. This does not pose a health hazard however. The key is the composition of the particles: they are inorganic water-soluble salts like phosphates for example, required to improve the wick performance. They easily agglomerate when exposed to air humidity what makes the deposition less probable. If these particles reach the lungs anyway, they are simply dissolved and released by the body.
In addition to these ultrafine particles, sooting candles also emit bigger particles mainly consisting of elemental carbon. These particles pose a lower health risk compared to soot particles from diesel exhaust however. They contain much less polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) for example – a pollutant category that is typically formed during incomplete combustion. In addition to this, the particles from burning candles quickly agglomerate to bigger particles that are clearly bigger than those in diesel exhaust, and so the probability that they are deposited in the respiratory tract is clearly lower.
In the period after blowing out the candle – characterized by an afterglowing wick tip and the release of a visible trail of smoke – mainly comparably big particles are formed that are composed of non-combusted or only partly combusted candle wax for the most part. These particles can be inhaled less easily and are also less critical than soot particles because of their composition.
Despite steadily burning candles emit fine particles just like all other open combustions, this is not a matter of concern based on the state of the scientific knowledge because of the composition of the particles.
An incomplete combustion characterized by visible release of soot or smoldering after blowing out the candles should be avoided for reasons of precaution nevertheless although the concerns are, compared to other sources of fine dust like diesel exhaust or open wood fires, clearly smaller here as well. This can be achieved by respecting a few simple rules:
Basic rules for handling candles
- Do only use high quality candles. Only these candles guarantee the use of premium quality base materials as well as an impeccable burning behavior. Such high quality candles can be identified by the RAL Quality Mark for Candles for instance:
- Do not place candles in a draught. A candle can only burn steadily and without emitting soot if the ambient air is calm. Extinguish the candle immediately if it soots regardless.
- Do only burn candles in appropriate candle holders allowing sufficient air supply.
- Trim the wick if it gets too long. The ideal length of the wick ranges from 10 to 15 mm, depending on the candle type. Longer wicks may cause sooting and should thus be carefully trimmed with scissors after extinguishing the flame.
- Carefully trim the edge of the candle if it gets too high by using a sharp knife when it is still warm. Do not damage the rim however because otherwise liquid wax may spill out.
- Do never blow out candles. Put the candle out by extinguishing the flame with a candle snuffer or by carefully dipping the wick into the liquid wax. Please straighten the wick up again afterwards.
- Ventilate the room after extinguishing the candles.
* Pagels, J., Wierzbicka, A., Nilsson, E., Isaxon, C., Dahl, A., Gudmundsson, A., Swietlicki, E., Bohgard, M. (2009). Chemical composition and mass emission factors of candle smoke particles. Aerosol Science 40 (2009), 193-208


text:
Word Processing in Notebooks
Mathematica includes many commands for word processing and formatting.
You can set the following cell options from the menu: style, font, face, size, text color, background color, cell dingbat, text alignment, text justification, and word wrapping.
To Apply an Option:
Select the cell bracket or some text.
Choose the option desired from the menu, such as the background color.
To Spell Check a Notebook:
Choose. Mathematica begins to spell check the notebook at the position of the cursor. At any misspelling or unknown word, Mathematica displays the word and recommends a replacement.
You can use the popup menu to add a word to the dictionary associated with the notebook, session, cell, or your global preferences.
Choose to insert a page break in a notebook.
To Type a Formula into a Text Cell:
Place the cursor in the text cell where you want to enter the formula. Press Ctrl+( or Ctrl+9. A placeholder box appears in the cell.
Using keystrokes, enter the formula (see "Entering Input in Notebooks").
Press Ctrl+) or Ctrl+0 to end the formula.
You can copy and paste entire cells into other cells. For example, you can include typeset formulas from input cells or embed graphics in a text cell.
To Paste One Cell inside Another:
Select the cell bracket.
Choose. Position the cursor or select some text.
Mathematica can hyphenate words in text cells if you set Hyphenation->True. When command names are long, Mathematica uses a special continuation character () to break the name. You can control hyphenation using the Option Inspector. See "Option Inspector" for more information.
To create a new cell in the most recent style, press Alt+Enter. The new cell will appear below the most recent cell.


Repeats a string a specified number of times. The string can be specified as a String literal, a function returning a String, or a column reference.
String literal example:
repeat('ha',3)
Output: Returns the string: hahaha.
Column reference example:
repeat(MyString,4)
Output: Returns the values of the MyString column value written four times in a row.
repeat(column_string,rpt_count)
ArgumentRequired?Data TypeDescription
column_stringYstringName of the column or string literal to be applied to the function
rpt_countNinteger (positive)Count of times to repeat the string
column_string
Name of the column or String literal to be repeated.
Required?Data TypeExample Value
YesString literal, function, or column referencemyColumn
rpt_count
Count of times to repeat the string.
Required?Data TypeExample Value
NoInteger (non-negative)5
Example - REPEAT string function
Source:
myStrrepeat_count
ha0
ha1
ha1.5
ha2
ha-2

Transformation:
Results:
myStrrepeat_countrepeat_string
ha0
ha1ha
ha1.5
ha2haha
ha-2
Example - Padding values
In the following example, the imported prodId values are supposed to be eight characters in length. Somewhere during the process, however, leading 0 characters were truncated. The steps below allow you to re-insert the leading characters.
Source:
prodNameprodId
w011
w0210000001
w03345
w0410402
Transformation:
First, we need to identify how many zeroes need to be inserted for each prodId:
Use the REPEAT function to generate a pad string based on the above values:
Merge the pad string and the original prodId column:
Results:
When you delete the intermediate columns and rename column2 to prodId, you have the following table:
prodNameprodId
w0100000001
w0210000001
w0300000345
w0400010402


Take the 2-minute tour ×
$output.= ''. sprintf(_x('%1$s %2$s - %3$s %4$s', 'thst'), get_avatar( $comment, 48 ), (...);
This is my line of code and Wordpress Theme Checker tells me "Text domain problems. You have not included a text domain!" I have included one though, as you can see. What could be the problem here?
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
up vote 1 down vote accepted
_x() is for string with a context. So your second argument is just the context, and there is no text domain.
$string = _x(
'%1$s %2$s - %3$s %4$s', # string to translate
'recent comments 1 = gravatar, 2 = … ', # context for translators
'thst' # text domain
$visible = sprintf( $string, get_avatar( $comment, 48 ), … );
$output.= ''. $visible. '';
Explain all numbers in your context parameter.
share|improve this answer
$output.= ''. /* translators: comments widget: 1: comment author, 2: post link */ sprintf(_x('%1$s %2$s - %3$s %4$s'), get_avatar( $comment, 48 ), ''. get_comment_author_link(), ''. get_the_title($comment->comment_post_ID). '', ''. get_comment_date('l, j F Y'). '', 'thst'). ''; Ok I got it now. the text domain needed to go at the very end since the other things in the middle are numbers. Thanks! – charlenemasters Feb 14 '13 at 10:48
No, use a context parameter and a text domain as explained in my answer. – toscho Feb 14 '13 at 10:49
Ok I'm not sure I understand. All the elements after x_() are the elements that are inserted into '%1$s'... How does the context parameter come into this? What is it, what does it do and where do I put it? – charlenemasters Feb 14 '13 at 11:01
_USER_ I made an update to my answer to show better how it works. Is that better? – toscho Feb 14 '13 at 11:10
Got it to work and I understand it now. Thanks a lot! – charlenemasters Feb 14 '13 at 11:42
Your Answer


text:
The Stability Conditions of the Pump Structure Vibration
The general approach of this research is to assume that the small nonlinearity can be separated from the linear part of the equation of motion. The effect of the dynamic fluid force on the pump structure system is considered vibrates at its natural frequency but the amplitude is determined by the initial conditions. If the motion of the system tends to increase the energy of the pump structure system, the vibration amplitude will increase and the pump structure system is considered to be unstable. A suitable MATLAB program was used to predict the stability conditions of the pump structure vibration. The present research focuses on fluid pump problems, namely, the role played by damping coefficient C, damping factor D and angular speed ω (termed the ratio () and the determining stability of a centrifugal pump structure. The data demonstrate substantial rotor dynamic effects, a destabilizing chart appears to be inversely proportional to the D, C, and ω, and resonance changes significantly with flow rate.


text:
The federal Institutional Development Award program renewed grants for three research centers at the Medical University of South Carolina. The research centers focus on cardiovascular health, oral health and lipidomics research.
Published Sept. 13, 2012
A federal program renewed grants for three research centers at the Medical University of South Carolina, the teaching hospital announced Wednesday.
MUSC was awarded $27 million from the Institutional Development Award program, which broadens the geographic distribution of National Institutes of Health funding for biomedical and behavioral research.
The teaching hospital now houses four NIH Centers for Biomedical Research Excellence. The centers perform health-related research and support faculty development and research.
In 2011, MUSC received a fourth grant to establish the Center in Oxidants, Redox Balance and Stress Signaling. Redox balance and stress signaling play a role in a number of diseases, including organ damage and cancer, according to a news release.
"The programmatic initiatives involving the Centers of Biomedical Research Excellence and related infrastructure development grants from the National Institutes of Health have simply been transformative for MUSC and have played important roles in the dramatic growth of research programs at the university over the last 10 years," said Stephen Lanier, an MUSC associate provost for research.


- Downloads
 - FAQs
*for Drawings please visit the i4HD Product Page
What meter scale do I need?
Analog meter scales are available to meet the specific tension range of your application. Specify the tension at time or order and the meter scale will be made to fit that range.
Can I use a digital meter with it?
The i4HD is available with either an analog or digital meter.
Can I use foil gauge or strain gauge load cells with this amplifier?
Yes. The i4 HD works with either type of load cell.
Do you offer an amplifier with push button calibration?
What is the load cell excitation voltage for this indicator?
How do I calibrate this Indicator?
Follow the A4 Calibration Instructions for easy calibration.
How do I test output?
Any digital multimeter can be used.
How do I install this amplifier?
The amplifier is already installed in the I4HD.
How do I determine what calibration weight to use if it needs to be 10% of full scale?
Multiply the full scale of the analog meter by 0.1 or divide it by 10.


In the Spotlight
News & Features
Multi-ethnic families increasing
By Brandt Williams
Minnesota Public Radio
April 10, 2002
The 2000 census was the first opportunity for Minnesotans to report their multi-racial heritage. Without past years of data to compare the numbers to, demographers don't know if the state's mixed race population is larger than 10 years ago. But they do know that the multicultural population is very young. That says a lot about the changing face of Minnesota.
Carlos Gallegos
Carlos Gallego is Hispanic, and his wife, Jeunge Yang-Gallego, is Hmong. They and their three children reflect the changing face of Minnesota - as more residents come from multi-racial and multi-ethnic backgrounds. See a photo of the family.
(MPR Photo/Brandt Williams)
The census data released this week shows people who say they are both American Indian and white make up the majority of Minnesotans who reported multi-racial backgrounds.
The next largest multi-racial group is made up of people who are both black and white. Multi-racial people are more likely to live in Hennepin and Ramsey counties.
The state's multi-racial population is also young. The median age of multi-racial Minnesotans is about 17 - less than half of the median age of all state residents.
Minnesota is still overwhelmingly white. But demographers say this data shows that people of different racial and ethnic backgrounds are putting these differences aside, and having children.
This trend is represented by Camilo Gallego, 8, his brother Julian, 5, sister Elena, 2. On a recent morning, Julian and Elena are eating breakfast in their family's Carver County home while Camilo gets ready for school. Their mother, Jeunge Yang-Gallego, makes Camilo a ball of sticky rice filled with pork to eat before he leaves.
Jeunge is Hmong. Her husband Carlos was born in Minnesota, but his parents came to America from Columbia. Jeunge and Carlos have been married for 10 years.
Jeunge Yang-Gallego
Elena Gallego sits on the lap of her mother, Jeunge Yang-Gallego. Jeunge is Hmong, but her father was Chinese. She and Carlos have been married for 10 years. Both of them say their families were hesistant when they planned to marry someone from a different ethnic background. She and Carlos spoke to MPR's Brandt Williams. Listen to the interview.
(MPR Photo/Brandt Williams)
Carlos says his parents were a little nervous about his decision to marry an Asian woman. Jeunge says at first, her parents didn't want her to marry someone who wasn't Hmong.
"They want you to marry your same culture, because my mom can't speak English and cannot communicate with him, and it's really difficult," says Jeunge. "But later they think - if I'm happy, he's happy - then they agree."
The Gallego children speak Hmong, English and some Chinese and Spanish. Jeunge's father was Chinese. She wants the kids to reflect her Chinese heritage, as well as their Hmong and Latin ties.
According to the census, the Gallego children would be considered multi-ethnic, not multi-racial, since the census categorizes Hispanics as an ethnic group, not a racial group.
Minnesotans who come from at least two racial groups make up less than 2 percent of the state's total population, according to the 2000 census. But demographers say those numbers could increase in coming years.
State demographer Barbara Ronningen says the state is seeing the results of a trend towards interracial marriages.
Gallego children
Julian Gallego, 5, and his two year-old sister, Elena, eat breakfast in their Chaska home on a recent morning. Their brother Camilo is 8. The children speak English and Hmong, as well as some Chinese and Spanish - each language representing part of their parents' ethnic heritage.
(MPR Photo/Brandt Williams)
"It's become a more common thing to see mixed-race children. As that occurs nationally, it also has occurred in Minnesota," says Ronningen. "We probably (have) a much smaller mixed-race population than some states. But we've certainly seen changes - and a more open society perhaps - where you have mixed marriages and as a result, mixed race children."
Another way demographers track the growth of multi-racial populations is through household size. Ronningen says minority and multi-racial populations generally have more children than white families, and that means their numbers are growing.
She says the rate of growth will depend on other factors such as the economy. Ronningen says a faltering job market may cause many minorities - especially those who have just moved to the state - to relocate.
The Gallego family has lived in Chaska since October. The Gallego kids say they don't have any playmates who look like them. But their father Carlos says, like many parts of Minnesota, Chaska is slowly becoming more diverse.
"In the city of Chaska, there's been very little immigration of other cultures until very recently," says Carlos Gallegos. "As an example, there were less than 70 Hispanics in the 1990 census. Now there's over 1,000, just in the area of Chaska alone."
Carlos says on the 2000 census form, he classified his children as Hispanic-Asians.
In the 2000 census, there were a total of 885 people who called themselves Hispanic-Asians in Minnesota.
More Information
 - The Faces of Minnesota The 2000 census


text:
associations rather than conforming to fixed models, programs or rules. Diverse associative relations do not provide a single, fixed meaning or definition, but a flexible and adaptable resource for responding to variation and ambivalence in meaning in different, even overlapping, contextual domains. In other words, associative relations are dynamically assembled in context. Moreover, syntagmatic and associative relations are not independent of each other:
They reciprocally condition each other. In effect, co-ordination in space contributes to the creating of associative co-ordinations.Co-ordination in space refers to the domain of syntagmatic relations. I see this notion as suggesting a link to Edelman's notion of reentry. The syntagm is the means whereby choices from diverse associative series are co-ordinated as a single syntagm in space-time. It is the means for correlating the associative choices in a structure which has spatio-temporal contiguity and coherence. That is, the syntagm brings together diverse associations as a single structured event in space-timeOur memory holds in reserve all types of more or less complex syntagms, no matter of what kind or duration, and at the moment of using them, we bring in associative groups in order to fix our choice. When someone says marchons! ('let's walk!'), he unconsciously thinks of diverse associative groups at the intersection of which is found the syntagm marchons!. This figures as a part in the series marche! ('walk!' -- 2nd Person Singular), marchez! ('walk!' -- 2nd person Plural), and it is the opposition of marchons! with these forms which determines the choice; on the other hand, marchons! evokes the series montons! ('let's go up'), mangeons! ('let's eat!'), etc., within which it is chosen by the same procedure; in each series one knows what has to be varied in order to obtain the differentiation which is appropriate to the unit which is required. If the idea to be expressed is changed, other oppositions will be necessary in order to bring about another value; one will say, for example, marchez!, or else montons!In the above, Saussure shows how elements from diverse series are mapped onto the one syntagm (see also Lecture 7, Section 7). The principle of classification and comparison that is applied to the various associative series must identify and select the appropriate element from each series. Further, it must then correlate the elements so selected with each other by reciprocally and functionally relating them to each other in the syntagm that results. This means that the specific elements which are abstracted from a given associative series are'reentrantly' mapped onto a higher-order syntagm which synthesises the information deriving from diverse series into a functional whole.
Importantly, Saussure sees the simultaneous functioning of these two types of relations as constituting the very basis of the mental activity which gives rise to language in the individual. Further, memory, as the above quotation shows, is flexible and associative rather than based upon the storage of fixed rules and programs for representing the external world. The emergence of a particular sign is the product of the ways that both syntagmatic and associative relations dynamically adjust to the basin of one attractor rather than another according to the context or context-type that is in operation. Syntagmatic and associative relations simultaneously function in the real-time of meaning-making.
The activities described above do not take place on the basis of purely disembodied and abstract meanings (CLG: 189). The point is that syntagmatic and associative relations simultaneously work on the given physical-material unit (1) to analyse it into its constituent parts and to assign values to these; and (2) to assign a global meaning or sense to the physical-material unit on the basis of the values that are assigned to the various parts that are ordered or arranged in a certain way:
But if word order is incontestably an abstract entity, it is no less true that it only owes its existence to the concrete units which contain it and which flow in a single direction. It would be a mistake to think that there a disembodied syntax outside of these material units distributed in space. In English the man I have seen ("l'homme que j'ai vu") shows a syntactic fact which appears to be represented by zero, whereas the French renders it with que. But it is just this comparison with the French syntactic fact that produces this illusion that nothing can express something; in reality, material units, arranged in a certain order, alone create this value. Outside of a set of concrete terms one would not know how to reason about a syntactic matter. Moreover, for the sole fact that one understands a linguistic complex (for example the English words cited above), this sequence of terms is the adequate expression of thought.The material units that Saussure speaks of are necessary so that the given unit can be processed by our motor and perceptual apparatus. This physical-material stimulus is simultaneously processed by the associative and syntagmatic dimensions of contextualisation in order to construe it as a meaningful act or sign. Both dimensions are necessary and may be said to stand in a relation of complimentarity to each other. Associative relations both constitute a network of possible choices as well as provide information about the component features of the structure; syntagmatic relations analyse it in terms of its overall form and structure. In Edelman's terms, the two kinds of relations can be said to be degenerate: multiple and redundant processes apply to the same unit. They are also disjunctive because the two kinds of analytical operation that are entailed by associative and syntagmatic relations are not reducible the one to the other, but are distinct. Associative relations assign the component parts of the unit to one or more associative series. Syntagmatic relations map selected features from the relevant associative series onto the given structure. As forms of mental activity, the two types of activity take place in the real-time of speaking itself -- 'at the moment of uttering the sentence' -- that is, in the short term memory in operation in parole:
A material unit only exists though its sense, the function with which it is endowed; this principle is particularly important for the knowledge of restricted units, because one is tempted to think that they exist in virtue of their pure materiality, that for example aimer owes its existence to the sound alone which comprises it. Inversely -- as we shall see -- a sense, a function only exists through the support of some material form; if this principle has been formulated with regard to more extended syntagms or syntactic types, it is so because one is induced to see in them immaterial abstractions gliding above the terms in the sentence. These two principles, in completing each other, agree with our claims relative to the delimitation of units (see p. 145).
This principle applies to syntagms and sentences [phrases] of all types, more or less complex. At the moment of uttering the sentence: "que vous dit-il?", we make an element vary in a latent syntagmatic type, for example, "que te dit-il?" -- "que nous dit-il?", etc., and it is in this way that our choice is fixed on the pronoun vous. In this way, in this operation, which consists in mentally eliminating everything which does not bring about the desired differentiation at the desired point, associative groups and syntagmatic types are both in play.At the moment of uttering the sentence in parole, a latent syntagmatic type in langueis selected in relation to a whole cluster of associative relations that constitute the environment from which the specific choice is made. In the above example, the sentence que vous dit-il? instantiates a more abstract grammatical schema -- cf. Saussure's latent syntagmatic type -- in relation to a series of possible alternative selections in, for example, the associative series comprising the pronouns te, vous, nous, and so on. By the same token, the associative series that are relevant to the specific selection which is made at each point in the syntagm function to classify that choice as being assignable to a given class of associative relations.
The two activities are time-linked yet disjunctive processes that apply to the same perceptual stimulus -- the physical-material unit -- such as a given sequence of sounds. Further, they each act upon and condition each other. In other words, they are correlated activities in the real time of speaking (or understanding) a linguistic utterance. This means we can both relate the given utterance to a given syntagmatic type as well as specify its own particular features according to the particular associative series from which they were selected. All this occurs on the basis of resources which are internal to langueitself. There is no external process of instruction for the social-semiological treasure of langueis stored in the brain of the individual. It is the simultaneous and interdependent working of the two forms of mental activity that enables linguistic forms to emerge. In modern terminology, it does not seem inappropriate to claim that Saussure had already understood the self-organising character of this mental activity. This means that it is the correlation of the two activities that gives rise to a reentrant map whereby a higher-order linguistic form is generated. Saussure's example may be re-cast as shown in Figure 2:
Figure 2: Correlation of associative and syntagmatic relations in the realisation of the sentence que vous dit-il?Figure 2 illustrates both the associative series relevant to the sentence que vous dit-il? as well as the latent syntagmatic type of which the sentence is an instance. In the case of the associative series, three have been presented here. These are (1


text:
The Grave That Was Saved
One of the most revered graves in Eretz Yisrael is that of Rabbi Chaim ben Attar, the author of the Ohr Hachayim commentary on the Torah. Thousands of Jews come to this grave on the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem on the 15th of the Hebrew month of Tammuz, the day he passed away in 5503 (1743), to pray for Heavenly aid in the merit of this sainted Torah scholar and kabbalist.
During the period of Jordanian control of the Mount of Olives cemetery between 1948 and 1967, there was mass desecration of the Jewish graves. The Arabs even decided to build a road through this ancient cemetery which would pass directly over the grave of the Ohr Hachayim.
When the bulldozer came within inches of the grave, however, something strange happened. The engine sputtered and died. Another attempt the following day failed in a more spectacular way. As the bulldozer rushed towards the grave at full speed, it suddenly flipped over and plunged into the adjoining Valley of Kidron, killing its driver.
The Arabs thereupon abandoned their plans for desecrating this holy grave and rerouted their road to pass much higher on the mountainside. Visitors to the grave can clearly see how the original clearing went straight in the direction of the Ohr Hachayims grave.


text:
Over 50,000 Costume and Textile Artifacts
The costume and textile collection at the Museum spans the breadth of Chicago's history and is particularly strong in materials from the late 19th century to the present. The Museum's extensive designer collection, ranging from Charles Worth gowns to the innovative designs of Yohji Yamamoto, has earned an international reputation.
Made in Chicago
Many artifacts in the Museum's collection were made by Chicago's dressmakers, milliners, and manufacturers. Future collecting will also focus on Chicago's once-thriving garment industry.
From George Washington to Michael Jordan
The costume collection has a number of items worn by prominent Chicagoans and Americans. These include objects belonging to Abraham and Mary Todd Lincoln, Michael Jordan's basketball uniform, and Mahalia Jackson's choir robe. The earliest pieces include suits worn by George Washington and John Adams.
Clothing as Historical Artifact
New emphasis on the significance of clothing as historical artifacts has increased interest in the collection. Recent acquisitions include clothing documenting 19thand 20th-century work attire, such as uniforms of nurses, police officers, flight attendants, and a bell hop, as well as clothing from Chicago's immigrant communities.


text:
Wishful Personality Traits: Unlocking the Power of Optimism, Positivity, and Confidence
Do you wish to lead a fulfilling and successful life? Are you eager to overcome challenges, achieve your goals, and cultivate meaningful relationships? If so, then it's time to explore the fascinating world of wishful personality traits.
In this article, we will delve into the meaning and importance of wishful personality traits, discuss common traits, explore how they impact life, provide practical tips on developing these traits, and address common questions. So, let's get started on this exciting journey towards unlocking the power of wishful personality traits!
Definition of wishful personality traits
Wishful personality traits are positive and empowering qualities that influence an individual's behavior, emotions, and attitudes towards life. They are characterized by an optimistic outlook, positive mindset, and resilient nature, enabling individuals to navigate challenges and setbacks with grace and determination. Wishful personality traits are not innate qualities but can be developed and nurtured over time with conscious effort and practice.
Importance of wishful personality traits
Wishful personality traits play a crucial role in shaping an individual's life. They have a significant impact on mental health, personal relationships, and overall success and achievement. Cultivating wishful personality traits can lead to increased happiness, improved well-being, enhanced social connections, and greater resilience in the face of adversities. Wishful personality traits are like the fuel that propels individuals towards their goals, helping them overcome obstacles and stay focused on their dreams.
II. Common Wishful Personality Traits
Optimism is a key wishful personality trait characterized by a positive outlook on life. Optimistic individuals tend to see the glass as half full, focusing on possibilities rather than limitations. They approach challenges as opportunities for growth and learning, and their positive mindset helps them maintain motivation and perseverance even in the face of setbacks.
Positivity is another essential wishful personality trait that influences an individual's thoughts, emotions, and behavior. Positive individuals exude an optimistic vibe, radiating warmth, and positivity in their interactions with others.
They have a positive attitude towards life and tend to see the good in people and situations. Positivity is contagious and can greatly impact personal relationships, creating a positive and supportive environment.
Confidence is a crucial wishful personality trait that empowers individuals to believe in themselves and their abilities. Confident individuals have a strong sense of self-worth and are not afraid to take risks and pursue their goals.
They exude self-assurance and are not easily deterred by failures or setbacks. Confidence is a key ingredient for success, as it enables individuals to step out of their comfort zones and seize opportunities.
Resilience is the ability to bounce back from failures and setbacks, and it is a vital wishful personality trait. Resilient individuals are not easily discouraged by obstacles, but rather view them as temporary challenges that can be overcome.
They possess the mental strength and emotional fortitude to persevere in the face of adversity, and they often emerge stronger and more determined.
Determination is a wishful personality trait that drives individuals to stay focused and committed to their goals. Determined individuals have a clear sense of purpose and are willing to put in the hard work and effort required to achieve their objectives. They possess a strong inner drive that keeps them motivated, even when faced with challenges or distractions.
III. How Wishful Personality Traits Impact Life
The impact of wishful personality traits extends to various aspects of life, including mental health, personal relationships, and overall success and achievement.
Positive effects on mental health
Cultivating wishful personality traits can have a positive impact on mental health. Optimism, positivity, confidence, resilience, and determination are associated with lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression.
Having a positive mindset and resilient nature can help individuals cope better with challenges and adversities, leading to improved mental well-being.
Enhancing personal relationships
Wishful personality traits also play a crucial role in building and maintaining healthy personal relationships. Optimism and positivity can create a positive and uplifting atmosphere in relationships, fostering better communication, understanding, and connection with others.
Confidence and determination can also enhance relationships by promoting assertiveness, effective communication, and mutual respect.
Boosting success and achievement
Wishful personality traits are closely linked to success and achievement. Optimism, positivity, confidence, resilience, and determination provide individuals with the motivation, perseverance, and self-belief needed to pursue their goals and overcome obstacles. They help individuals stay focused, take calculated risks, and persist in the face of challenges, leading to increased success and accomplishment.
IV. Developing Wishful Personality Traits
The good news is that wishful personality traits are not fixed, but can be developed and nurtured with conscious effort and practice. Here are some practical tips for cultivating wishful personality traits:
Cultivating a growth mindset
Developing a growth mindset, which is the belief that abilities and intelligence can be developed through effort and learning, is fundamental to cultivating wishful personality traits.
Embracing a growth mindset allows individuals to view failures and setbacks as opportunities for learning and growth, rather than as limitations or failures. It promotes a positive and optimistic outlook, fosters resilience, and empowers individuals to take ownership of their personal development.
Self-reflection is an important practice for developing wishful personality traits. It involves introspection and self-awareness, which allows individuals to identify their strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement.
Self-reflection helps individuals understand their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, and enables them to make positive changes to cultivate wishful personality traits. Journaling, meditation, and seeking feedback from trusted individuals are effective ways to practice self-reflection.
Setting and pursuing
Setting and pursuing personal goals is another effective way to develop wishful personality traits. Setting clear and achievable goals helps individuals stay focused, motivated, and determined.
It provides a sense of purpose and direction, and empowers individuals to take proactive steps towards their desired outcomes. Regularly reviewing and adjusting goals based on progress and feedback can further enhance determination, resilience, and confidence.
Practicing positive self-talk and affirmations
Positive self-talk and affirmations are powerful tools for cultivating optimism, positivity, and confidence. The way individuals talk to themselves can greatly impact their mindset and outlook. Practicing positive self-talk involves consciously replacing negative self-talk with positive and empowering thoughts. Affirmations are positive statements that individuals repeat to themselves, reinforcing their beliefs, strengths, and capabilities. Incorporating positive self-talk and affirmations in daily routines can boost wishful personality traits and foster a positive self-image.
Building a support system
Having a supportive network of family, friends, mentors, or coaches can greatly impact the development of wishful personality traits. Surrounding oneself with positive, like-minded individuals who believe in one's abilities and provide encouragement and support can boost confidence, resilience, and determination. Building a support system that offers guidance, feedback, and motivation can provide the necessary resources and accountability for cultivating wishful personality traits.
Taking care of one's physical, mental, and emotional well-being is crucial for developing wishful personality traits. Practicing self-care involves getting enough rest, eating well, engaging in regular exercise, and managing stress effectively. It also includes engaging in activities that bring joy, relaxation, and fulfillment. When individuals take care of their overall well-being, they are better equipped to cope with challenges, maintain a positive outlook, and cultivate wishful personality traits.
In conclusion, wishful personality traits such as optimism, positivity, confidence, resilience, and determination are essential for personal growth, success, and overall well-being.
Cultivating these traits through practices such as developing a growth mindset, self-reflection, goal-setting, positive self-talk and affirmations, building a support system, and practicing self-care can greatly impact an individual's life in a positive way.
By incorporating these practices into daily routines, individuals can develop a wishful mindset that empowers them to face challenges, pursue their goals, and live a fulfilling and successful life.


text:
Environmentally friendly flushing aims to send only the concentrations of the sediment that the environment can withstand. In this study, the time required for environmentally friendly flushing in Dez dam reservoir was estimated. For this purpose, the relationship between the concentration, duration, and scale of the severity of ill-effect for fish was considered. A study was conducted on Dez dam reservoir in Iran, where the average historical outflow from the dam, and the volume of sediment flushing was evaluated. According to this study, the dam is facing a serious sedimentation problem. Its dead volume is presumed to be quite full in the coming 10 years. Performing flushing operations through the three irrigation gates of the dam has received much more attention in recent years as compared to the past. The results from this study help us to determine the appropriate hydraulic conditions to decrease the negative environmental effects of Dez dam flushing operations on the downstream ecosystem.
Estimate of time required for environmentally friendly flushing in Dez dam reservoir
Hamid Khakzad, Valery Ivanovich Elfimov; Estimate of time required for environmentally friendly flushing in Dez dam reservoir. Water Practice and Technology 1 March 2015; 10 (1): 73–85. doi: _URL_
Download citation file:


text:
Sorted Array to Binary Search Tree of Minimal Height
Objective: Given a sorted array with unique elements, Create a binary search tree with minimal height.
Why minimal height is important :
We can do the linear scan to the array and make the first element as root and insert all other elements into the tree but in that case tree will be skewed, which means all the nodes of the tree will be on the one side of the root so the height of the tree will be equal to the number of elements in the array. So here our objective is to keep the tree balanced as much as possible.
What is balanced Tree: A balanced tree is a tree in which difference between heights of sub-trees of any node in the tree is not greater than one. To read more about balanced tree, click here
Input: A one dimensional array
Output: Binary Search Tree of Minimal Height
- Get the middle of the array
- make it as root. (By doing this we will ensure that half of the elements of array will be on the left side of the root and half on the right side.)
- Take the left half of the array, call recursively and add it to root.left.
- Take the right half of the array, call recursively and add it to root.right.
- return root.
Tree Display : 2 3 6 7 8 9 12 15 16 18 20
Top Companies Interview Questions..-
If you find anything incorrect or you feel that there is any better approach to solve the above problem, please write comment.


text:
Sherwood Larned Washburn, the father of modern primatology who first glimpsed the evolution of human behavior in the actions of monkeys and apes, died Sunday from pneumonia at Alta Bates Medical Center. He was 88.
A professor of anthropology at UC Berkeley from 1958 to his retirement in 1978 and one of a small number of faculty members appointed as "University Professor" for the nine-campus system, Washburn virtually established the field of primatology in the 1950s following his studies on baboon colonies in Kenya.
For the next two decades, his theories dominated interpretations of human social evolution and his teachings inspired several generations of students.
"Sherry Washburn established at UC Berkeley the most influential program of the century for the study of primatology, of fossil man, and the biological and cultural evolution of humanity," UC Berkeley professor of anthropology J. Desmond Clark said in a statement. "Those who were his friends and those who continue his work will forever be in his debt. He will be missed the world over."
Washburn was the first to propose that tool use, hunting and a gender division in labor had been critical in human evolution. He also saw 40 years ago that humans had evolved from an ancestor that walked on its knuckles, like contemporary great apes – an idea that only this year has gripped the anthropological world anew.
In one of his famous articles on the evolution of man, a 1978 article in Scientific American, Washburn had this to say about knuckle-walking:
"Gorillas and chimpanzees (and the men who play some of the forward positions in American football), however, have developed a form of locomotion called knuckle walking that enables the apes (if not the football players) to walk normally as they carry objects between their fingers and their palm."
But it was his holistic approach, working from anatomy to function and behavior, that so inspired his students and colleagues.
"Sherwood Washburn changed the way we study human evolution," said professor of anthropology Adrienne Zihlman of UC Santa Cruz, and a former student. His influence was so pervasive, said Zihlman, that "everyone has adopted his approach but forgotten where it came from."
His lectures showing how bones, joints and muscles related to movement and social behavior in humans and other primates often won standing ovations from students.
Born on November 26, 1911, Washburn was the younger son of the dean of Cambridge's Episcopal Theological School. He received a bachelor's degree, summa cum laude, from Harvard College in 1935 and a doctorate in 1940, also from Harvard.
From a position at Columbia University as assistant professor of anatomy, Washburn moved to the University of Chicago where he was professor of anthropology for 11 years and chair of the department.
During his career, Washburn won virtually every medal and prize given in his field, including the Wenner-Gren Foundation's Viking Fund Medal in 1960, the Huxley Medal in 1967 and the American Anthropological Association's Distinguished Service Award in 1983. The Fourth International Congress of Primatology was dedicated to his honor in 1972.
Washburn is survived by two sons, Sherwood of Brooklyn, and Stan of Berkeley and five grandchildren. His brother, Bradford, is founder of Boston's Museum of Science.
Memorial services will be announced.


text:
- THIS IS IMSE™
- NEWS & PRESS
IMSE Electronics Design - How to Start?
If you are an electronics designer, becoming an IMSE electronics designer is not a giant step. You already have basic understanding about the tools and methods for traditional electronics. These can be utilized in IMSE electronics, as well. In the big picture, the design flow is similar in PCB design and IMSE electronics design, but the details make the difference. In this post, I will explain the key differences.
1. Understand Electrical Characteristics of IMSE Materials
When you design the electrical characteristics of your layout, you need to recognize that the materials are not similar with a PCB. This also means that the circuit's electrical characteristics are different. The same layout, one made with IMSE and the other with a traditional PCB, has different electrical characteristics. Traces have big differences in terms of conductivity and are one of the most important design parameters. In addition, the plastics used in IMSE creating the mechanical structure are electrical components as well, and these are worth considering in the design.
2. IMSE Stack-up
An IMSE stack-up contains
A substrate film,
Traces, which are printed on top of the substrate and
Injection molding resin.
Calculation methods used in PCBs, for example, relating impedance, are not applicable for IMSE. IMSE sets certain limitations on how to build stack-up, but also what kind of a grounding structure we can use. Designing the IMSE stack-up is different compared to the PCB world, since the IMSE stack-up is also a mechanical structure of a product and typically an optical light guide, as well. So it is not designed only by an electrical engineer, but a mechanical engineer and an optical engineer together.
3. Design for Manufacturing
Materials used in IMSE are not similar to those used in PCBs. This means that the manufacturing methods are different. In IMSE, traces are printed with silk screen printing, the assembled electrical circuit is 3D formed and finally the electronics are encapsulated inside the plastic by injection molding. All of these impact on how to consider design for manufacturing. Make sure that your design can be manufactured by understanding the IMSE manufacturing steps.
4. One Integrated, Solid Piece
An IMSE part is an integration of electronics, optics, mechanics, graphics, antennas, etc. All disciplines are integrated into a one solid piece, and all have critical parameters, which need to be designed properly. Design work is a close collaboration between all engineers, and compromises should be done. Things become easier if all understand well what the technology limitations are and where we need to be strict and what items can be flexible.
These four key points set the foundation for IMSE electronics design. For a PCB designer, this is not a side step. It is just learning something new and different.
About the writer
Tuomas Heikkilä, Principal Engineer, Electronics
Tuomas has over 13 years of experience in the electronics industry in consumer and automotive areas. He has designed PCBs, printed electronics and structural electronics. Before TactoTek, Tuomas worked on mobile phones and gained experience in sensor ICs development and component verification and validation. Tuomas holds an M.Sc in Electronics from University of Oulu. In his free time, Tuomas enjoys jogging and bicycling in summer and skiing in winter. As a counterbalance for physical exercises, Tuomas relaxes by reading books.


Documentation
fixedEffects
Class: LinearMixedModel
Estimates of fixed effects and related statistics
Syntax
 - beta = fixedEffects(lme)
 - [beta,betanames] = fixedEffects(lme)
 example
 - [beta,betanames,stats] = fixedEffects(lme)
 example
 - [beta,betanames,stats] = fixedEffects(lme,Name,Value)
 example
Description
beta = fixedEffects(lme) returns the estimated fixed-effects coefficients, beta, of the linear mixed-effects model lme.
example
[beta,betanames] = fixedEffects(lme) also returns the names of estimated fixed-effects coefficients in betanames. Each name corresponds to a fixed-effects coefficient in beta.
example
[beta,betanames,stats] = fixedEffects(lme) also returns the estimated fixed-effects coefficients of the linear mixed-effects model lme and related statistics in stats.
example
[beta,betanames,stats] = fixedEffects(lme,Name,Value) also returns the estimated fixed-effects coefficients of the linear mixed-effects model lme and related statistics with additional options specified by one or more Name,Value pair arguments.
Input Arguments
expand all
lme — Linear mixed-effects modelLinearMixedModel object
Linear mixed-effects model, returned as a LinearMixedModel object.
For properties and methods of this object, see LinearMixedModel.
Name-Value Pair Arguments
Specify optional comma-separated pairs of Name,Value arguments. Name is the argument name and Value is the corresponding value. Name must appear inside single quotes (' '). You can specify several name and value pair arguments in any order as Name1,Value1,...,NameN,ValueN.
'Alpha' — Confidence level0.05 (default) | scalar value in the range 0 to 1
Confidence level, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'Alpha' and a scalar value in the range 0 to 1. For a value α, the confidence level is 100*(1–α)%.
For example, for 99% confidence intervals, you can specify the confidence level as follows.
Example: 'Alpha',0.01
Data Types: single | double
'DFMethod' — Method for computing approximate degrees of freedom'residual' (default) | 'satterthwaite' | 'none'
Method for computing approximate degrees of freedom for the t-statistic that tests the fixed-effects coefficients against 0, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'DFMethod' and one of the following.
'residual'Default. The degrees of freedom are assumed to be constant and equal to np, where n is the number of observations and p is the number of fixed effects.
'satterthwaite'Satterthwaite approximation.
'none'All degrees of freedom are set to infinity.
For example, you can specify the Satterthwaite approximation as follows.
Example: 'DFMethod','satterthwaite'
Output Arguments
expand all
beta — Fixed-effects coefficients estimatesvector
Fixed-effects coefficients estimates of the fitted linear mixed-effects model lme, returned as a vector.
betanames — Names of fixed-effects coefficientstable
Names of fixed-effects coefficients in beta, returned as a table.
stats — Fixed-effects estimates and related statisticsdataset array
Fixed-effects estimates and related statistics, returned as a dataset array that has one row for each of the fixed effects and one column for each of the following statistics.
NameName of the fixed effect coefficient
EstimateEstimated coefficient value
SEStandard error of the estimate
tStatt-statistic for a test that the coefficient is zero
DFEstimated degrees of freedom for the t-statistic
pValuep-value for the t-statistic
LowerLower limit of a 95% confidence interval for the fixed-effect coefficient
UpperUpper limit of a 95% confidence interval for the fixed-effect coefficient
Examples
expand all
Display Fixed-Effects Coefficient Estimates and Names
Navigate to a folder containing sample data.
cd(matlabroot)
cd('help/toolbox/stats/examples')
Load the sample data.
load weight
The data set weight contains data from a longitudinal study, where 20 subjects are randomly assigned to 4 exercise programs, and their weight loss is recorded over six 2-week time periods. This is simulated data.
Store the data in a table. Define Subject and Program as categorical variables.
tbl = tbl(InitWeight,Program,Subject,Week,y);
tbl.Subject = nominal(tbl.Subject);
tbl.Program = nominal(tbl.Program);
Fit a linear mixed-effects model where the initial weight, type of program, week, and the interaction between week and program are the fixed effects. The intercept and week vary by subject.
lme = fitlme(tbl,'y ~ InitWeight + Program*Week + (Week|Subject)');
Display the fixed-effects coefficient estimates and corresponding fixed-effects names.
[beta,betanames] = fixedEffects(lme);
beta =
 0.6610
 0.0032
 0.3608
 -0.0333
 0.1132
 0.1732
 0.0388
 0.0305
 0.0331
betanames =
 Name
 '(Intercept)'
 'InitWeight'
 'Program_B'
 'Program_C'
 'Program_D'
 'Week'
 'Program_B:Week'
 'Program_C:Week'
 'Program_D:Week'
Compute Coefficient Estimates and Related Statistics
Load the sample data.
load carbig
Fit a linear mixed-effects model for miles per gallon (MPG), with fixed effects for acceleration and horsepower, and potentially correlated random effects for intercept and acceleration grouped by model year. First, store the data in a table.
tbl = table(Acceleration,Horsepower,Model_Year,MPG);
Fit the model.
lme = fitlme(tbl, 'MPG ~ Acceleration + Horsepower + (Acceleration|Model_Year)');
Compute the fixed-effects coefficients estimates and related statistics.
[~,~,stats] = fixedEffects(lme)
stats =
 Fixed effect coefficients: DFMethod = 'Residual', Alpha = 0.05
 Name Estimate SE tStat DF pValue Lower Upper
 '(Intercept)' 50.133 2.2652 22.132 389 7.7727e-71 45.679 54.586
 'Acceleration' -0.58327 0.13394 -4.3545 389 1.7075e-05 -0.84661 -0.31992
 'Horsepower' -0.16954 0._PHONE_.35 389 5.188e-76 -0.18382 -0.15527
The small p-values (under pValue) indicate that all fixed-effects coefficients are significant.
Compute Confidence Intervals with Specified Options
Navigate to a folder containing sample data.
cd(matlabroot)
cd('help/toolbox/stats/examples')
Load the sample data.
load shift
The data shows the deviations from the target quality characteristic measured from the products that five operators manufacture during three shifts: morning, evening, and night. This is a randomized block design, where the operators are the blocks. The experiment is designed to study the impact of the time of shift on the performance. The performance measure is the deviation of the quality characteristics from the target value. This is simulated data.
Shift and Operator are nominal variables.
shift.Shift = nominal(shift.Shift);
shift.Operator = nominal(shift.Operator);
Fit a linear mixed-effects model with a random intercept grouped by operator to assess if performance significantly differs according to the time of the shift.
lme = fitlme(shift,'QCDev ~ Shift + (1|Operator)');
Compute the 99% confidence intervals for fixed-effects coefficients, using the residual method to compute the degrees of freedom. This is the default method.
[~,~,stats] = fixedEffects(lme,'alpha',0.01)
stats =
 Fixed effect coefficients: DFMethod = 'Residual', Alpha = 0.01
 Name Estimate SE tStat DF pValue Lower Upper
 '(Intercept)' 3.1196 0.88681 3.5178 12 0._PHONE_ 0.41081 5.8284
 'Shift_Morning' -0.3868 0.48344 -0.80009 12 0.43921 -1.8635 1.0899
 'Shift_Night' 1.9856 0.48344 4.1072 12 0._PHONE_ 0.5089 3.4623
Compute the 99% confidence intervals for fixed-effects coefficients, using the Satterthwaite approximation to compute the degrees of freedom.
[~,~,stats] = fixedEffects(lme,'DFMethod','satterthwaite','alpha',0.01)
stats =
 Fixed effect coefficients: DFMethod = 'Satterthwaite', Alpha = 0.01
 Name Estimate SE tStat DF pValue Lower Upper
 '(Intercept)' 3.1196 0.88681 3.5178 6.


text:
Charities have said that the heatwave in the UK is particularly dangerous for homeless people after the Met Office said continued exposure to the scorching heat could pose a potential risk to life and advised people to take extra precautions.
With temperatures in some parts of the country expected to hit 30C (86F) on Sunday, charities have called on the public to donate sunscreen and water to people sleeping on the streets.
"The summer can be just as dangerous for people sleeping rough as the winter months," said Debra Ives, the director of operations for Evolve Housing + Support. "People sleeping on the streets are exceptionally vulnerable in the summer due to lack of access to shade, running water and sunscreen, which makes their life unbearable and can be a risk to life.
"We're calling on the public to donate things like sun cream, water, and sun hats, to help those at risk this summer. People can either offer them directly, or donate them to a shelter or charity."
Her calls were echoed by Crisis. "Rough sleeping is incredibly dangerous at any time of year, but as temperatures continue to soar, dehydration and heat exhaustion pose particular risks," said Matthew Downie, the director of policy at Crisis.
"People living on the streets may spend nights on the move in order to stay safe, which means they often sleep during the daytime, so offering to help someone to find shade could save them from severe sunburn.
"Ultimately though, no one should be facing these dangers when we know that homelessness can be ended, so we're also asking people to join our campaign to end homelessness for good, email their local MPs asking them to pledge their support to end homelessness and help us ensure that in the future, no one has to face these conditions again."
In some parts of the country, homeless people have struggled to access free water, while many are unable to access public toilets, which are often inside shopping centres patrolled by security guards. Water fountains are often few and far between.
Outreach workers in Birmingham have given out bottles of water to the city's homeless, some of whom had reportedly not drunk water for hours.
"They were so desperate, they were fighting over the bottles of water," Tracey Patterson, the founder of Birmingham Homeless Support, told the BBC.
It is advised that people drink at least two litres of water a day during hot conditions.
"If I go into a shop or cafe and try and ask for a glass of water, they always say no," Sarah, a homeless woman, told the BBC.
"If people think you're homeless, they just won't help you. If someone who didn't look homeless went in and asked for water, they'd get it. It's so frustrating.
"Security guards are always on the lookout for you. They think you're scum. They'll make sure you're not in their place for too long, or just boot you out straight away so it's hard to find shade for a long time.
"Even in parks and that there's always someone to tell you to move on."
Charities have said that to avoid being robbed or beaten up, rough sleepers often spend nights on the move and sleep during the day, making them more vulnerable to extreme sunburn.


text:
This is the first study of Comrade October, the only drama in the oeuvre of Kazimierz Wierzyński (1894–1969). Written in 1950, it was not published until 1992. The article traces the origins of the play and assigns it to the tradition of dystopian fi ction (as exemplifi ed primarily by George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four. A close reading of the structure of the play (the characters, the plot and its temporal structure, etc.) reveals the originality of Wierzyński's approach and the links between Comrade October and the poetry he wrote after the war in exile.
Go to article


text:
- Research Article
- Open Access
Higher-Order Statistics for the Detection of Small Objects in a Noisy Background Application on Sonar Imaging
EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing volume 2007, Article number: 047039 (2007)
An original algorithm for the detection of small objects in a noisy background is proposed. Its application to underwater objects detection by sonar imaging is addressed. This new method is based on the use of higher-order statistics (HOS) that are locally estimated on the images. The proposed algorithm is divided into two steps. In a first step, HOS (skewness and kurtosis) are estimated locally using a square sliding computation window. Small deterministic objects have different statistical properties from the background they are thus highlighted. The influence of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on the results is studied in the case of Gaussian noise. Mathematical expressions of the estimators and of the expected performances are derived and are experimentally confirmed. In a second step, the results are focused by a matched filter using a theoretical model. This enables the precise localization of the regions of interest. The proposed method generalizes to other statistical distributions and we derive the theoretical expressions of the HOS estimators in the case of a Weibull distribution (both when only noise is present or when a small deterministic object is present within the filtering window). This enables the application of the proposed technique to the processing of synthetic aperture sonar data containing underwater mines whose echoes have to be detected and located. Results on real data sets are presented and quantitatively evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.
Special issue on higher-order statistics, IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 38, no. 7
Special issue on higher-order statistics, Signal Processing vol. 36, no. 3
Special issue on higher-order statistics, Signal Processing vol. 53, no.2–3
Giannakis GB: Cumulants: a powerful tool in signal processing. Proceedings of the IEEE 1987,75(9):_PHONE_.
Mendel JM: Tutorial on higher-order statistics (spectra) in signal processing and system theory: theoretical results and some applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 1991,79(3):278-305. 10.1109/5.75086
Krob M, Benidir M: Blind identification of a linear-quadratic mixture: application to quadratic phase coupling estimation. Proceedings of IEEE Signal Processing Workshop on Higher-Order Statistics, June 1993, South Lake Tahoe, Calif, USA 351–355.
Fonollosa JR, Nikias CT: Wigner higher order moment spectra: definition, properties, computation and application to transient signal analysis. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 1993,41(1):245-266. 10.1109/TSP.1993.193143
Jacovitti G, Scarano G: Hybrid nonlinear moments in array processing and spectrum analysis. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 1994,42(7):_PHONE_. 10.1109/78.298278
Comon P: Independent component analysis. A new concept? Signal Processing 1994,36(3):287-314. 10.1016/0165-1684(94)90029-9
Yellin D, Weinstein E: Criteria for multichannel signal separation. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 1994,42(8):2158-2168. 10.1109/78.301850
Thi H-LN, Jutten C: Blind source separation for convolutive mixtures. Signal Processing 1995,45(2):209-229. 10.1016/0165-1684(95)00052-F
Jacovitti G: Applications of higher order statistics in image processing. Proceedings of International Signal Processing Workshop on Higher Order Statistics, July 1991, Chamrousse, France 241–247.
Coroyer C, Jorand C, Duvaut P: ROC curves of skewness and kurtosis statistical tests: application to textures. Proceedings of the 7th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO '94), September 1994, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK 1: 450–453.
Avilés-Cruz C, Rangel-Kuoppa R, Reyes-Ayala M, Andrade-Gonzalez A, Escarela-Perez R: High-order statistical texture analysis—font recognition applied. Pattern Recognition Letters 2005,26(2):135-145. 10.1016/j.patrec.2004.09.038
Rajagopalan AN, Jain A, Desai UB: Data clustering using hierarchical deterministic annealing and higher order statistics. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing 1999,46(8):_PHONE_. 10.1109/82.782060
Carrato S, Ramponi G: Edge detection using generalized higher-order statistics. Proceedings of IEEE Signal Processing Workshop on Higher-Order Statistics, June 1993, South Lake Tahoe, Calif, USA 66–70.
Ramponi G, Carrato S: Performance of the Skewness-of-Gaussian (SoG) edge extractor. Proceedings of the 7th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO '94), September 1994, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK 1: 454–457.
Alexandrou D, de Moustier C, Haralabus G: Evaluation and verification of bottom acoustic reverberation statistics predicted by the point scattering model. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 1992,91(3):_PHONE_. 10.1121/1.402471
Kendall MG, Stuart A: The Advanced Theory of Statistics. Volume 1. 2nd edition. Charles Griffin, London, UK; 1963.
di Gesu V, Maccarone MC, Tripiciano M: Mathematical Morphology based on Fuzzy Operators, Fuzzy Logic, edited by R. Lowen and M. Roudens. Kluwer Academic, Boston, Mass, USA; 1993.
Mignotte M, Collet C, Pérez P, Bouthemy P: Three-class Markovian segmentation of high-resolution sonar images. Computer Vision and Image Understanding 1999,76(3):191-204. 10.1006/cviu._PHONE_
Maussang F, Chanussot J, Hétet A: Automated segmentation of SAS images using the mean-standard deviation plane for the detection of underwater mines. Proceedings of MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference, September 2003, San Diego, Calif, USA 4: 2155–2160.
Maussang F, Chanussot J, Hétet A: On the use of higher order statistics in SAS imagery. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP '04), May 2004, Montreal, Quebec, Canada 5: 269–272.
Hétet A: Evaluation of specific aspects of synthetic aperture sonar, by conducting at sea experiments with a rail, in the frame of mine hunting systems design. Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Underwater Acoustics (ECUA '00), July 2000, Lyon, France 439–444.
Hétet A, Amate M, Zerr B, et al.: SAS processing results for the detection of buried objects with a ship-mounted sonar. Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Underwater Acoustics (ECUA '04), July 2004, Delft, The Netherlands 1127–1132.
Sabel JC, Groen J, Colin MEGD, et al.: Experiments with a ship-mounted low frequency SAS for the detection of buried objects. Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Underwater Acoustics (ECUA '04), July 2004, Delft, The Netherlands 1133–1138.
Maussang F, Chanussot J: Utilisation des statistiques d'ordres supérieurs en contrôle qualité de détecteurs de rayons X. Proceedings of the 20th GRETSI Symposium on Signal and Image Processing, September 2005, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium 117–120.
About this article
Cite this article
Maussang, F., Chanussot, J., Hétet, A. et al. Higher-Order Statistics for the Detection of Small Objects in a Noisy Background Application on Sonar Imaging. EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process. 2007, 047039 (2007). _URL_
- Weibull Distribution
- Object Detection
- Small Object
- Matched Filter


text:
Population growth rate: 1.01% (2000 est.)See Also
Definition: The average annual percent change in the population, resulting from a surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths and the balance of migrants entering and leaving a country. The rate may be positive or negative. The growth rate is a factor in determining how great a burden would be imposed on a country by the changing needs of its people for infrastructure (e.g., schools, hospitals, housing, roads), resources (e.g., food, water, electricity), and jobs. Rapid population growth can be seen as threatening by neighboring countries.
Source: CIA World Factbook - Unless otherwise noted, information in this page is accurate as of April 17, 2000
© 2007 IndexMundi. All rights reserved.


text:
Definition of mot juste
: the exactly right word or phrasing
Did You Know?
English was apparently unable to come up with its own mot juste to refer to a word or phrase that expresses exactly what the writer or speaker is trying to say and so borrowed the French term instead. The borrowing was still very new when George Paston (pen name of Emily Morse Symonds) described a character's wordsmithery in her 1899 novel A Writer's Life thusly: "She could launch her sentences into the air, knowing that they would fall upon their feet like cats, her brain was almost painlessly delivered of le mot juste…." As English speakers became more familiar with the term they increasingly gave it the English article "the" instead of the French le.
Origin and Etymology of mot juste
First Known Use: 1896
Learn More about mot juste
Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about mot juste
Seen and Heard
What made you want to look up mot juste? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).


text:
In precise detail, Ali Kazim captures the stillness of a deserted landscape or a sudden transformation as a storm tears through parched terrain. His paintings are based on the Punjab region of Pakistan – once home to a large part of the Indus Valley Civilisation and now scattered with ancient ruins. Kazim regularly visits these ruins, studying the mounds that form the contours of the landscape, and searching the sites of long-abandoned cities, which are partly exposed or still buried.
He draws on a repertoire of techniques and materials to access these emotive surroundings and conjure the mysteries of forgotten cities. The large landscape is informed by Siyah Qalam, a fleetingly popular form of Persian painting influenced by the ink painting traditions of East Asia, whereby multiple layers of ink were applied with a fine brush. Kazim also creates atmospheric compositions on polyester film rendered in pigment with cotton or soft brushes. Stencils and erasers are then used to detail bolts of lightning, and storm and dust clouds, elements that momentarily bring the landscapes to life.
Kazim is also interested in how pottery shards have transformed over centuries from practical objects to remnants of deserted and forgotten places, and the blackened ceramics bear organic lines or veins to resemble both rocks and organs.
Exhibited in 'The 9th Asia Pacific Triennial of Contemporary Art' (APT9) | 24 Nov 2018 – 28 Apr 2019