Ferret Behaviors: What You Need to Know
11 December, 2018
Ferrets have been recently introduced to people's homes as pets. They stand out because they're small, social, and fun mammals. If you're thinking about adding one to your family, then you can read this article to learn everything you need to know about ferret behavior.
Ferret behaviors
Even though right now ferrets are pets, in a lot of places they are used for hunting. Their specialty is rabbits because their body allows them to easily enter their dens.
Therefore, you should keep in mind that even though they're social and loving animals, a few generations ago they were hunting animals. Ferrets have a lot of instincts that are related to their past job or life in the wild. This is true even though they live in people's homes.
A lot of the behavioral traits of ferrets are intimately related to their past life. If you let them fulfill their instinctual needs, even as a household pet, they'll be much happier and will have fewer behavioral issues.
Behavioral needs of Ferrets
Despite their size, ferrets are very active and energetic animals. Therefore, the first step to making your ferret happier is to let them exercise. This means both in their cage and around the house. The perfect cage for ferrets is one with several levels and a lot of space so they can move.
Ferret walking loose inside its home
That being said, ferrets get rid of a lot of energy by playing. If they have other ferret friends at home, they will play among themselves. If not, they will look for humans to take part in their games.
Either way, they need games to keep themselves entertained. Balls, strings hanging from their cage, baby toys, and long tunnels they can run through are some of the toys they usually to enjoy the most.
In contrast to their boundless energy, ferrets need to sleep for several hours. Some sleep so deeply they appear to be dead. You should provide them with sheltered cozy areas in their cage so that they can rest peacefully and wake up completely recharged.
Another one of the behavioral traits of ferrets their tremendous curiosity. Ferrets tend to scan their surroundings and explore everything. They will try to put their head in all the bags you bring home. They'll also explore every corner of your house. Be sure that your house is safe so they don't hurt themselves during their adventures.
Ferret antics
Even though people react badly toward the ferret behaviors, making mischief is part of their nature. Ferrets need to eat several times per day with several small portions. Therefore, when their plate is full, the first thing they do is hide part of the food around the house. This behavior lets them feel sure they'll have food for the rest of the day.
Ferrets love sleeping in boxes
However, they don't just steal food. They're attracted to shiny, metallic objects and rubber. If you're missing things at home like pens, erasers, or keys, it's likely that your ferret has hidden them in one of their secret hiding places. They don't do it to be mean. It's another one of their instincts.
Ferrets can get a bit rough playing among themselves. They tend to bite when they play. However, they don't hurt each other. When they bite your hands and feet, it can be annoying., but this doesn't mean that ferrets are aggressive or that they are trying to hurt you. They're just playing.
Training ferrets
Like with any animal, you can teach ferrets to behave better. You need to do this while keeping their boundaries and instincts in mind. It's very likely that you'll never get them to stop stealing your keys and money.
Ferrets are easily startled. When this happens, they are impossible to catch. That's why using punishment as a training method is useless. On the other hand, training them to behave well or perform tricks through positive reinforcement will give you quick positive results.
Reward your ferret when they do something good. When they play without hurting you, when they're curious without breaking things, or when they decide not to steal your keys. This reward can be a box or simply praising them.
Ignore their bad behavior. Interrupt their play if they're hurting you or take away their toys if they're destroying them or using them badly. Ferrets are smart, intelligent animals that will quickly find out you'll give them a treat if they behave.
Ferrets are fun and energetic animals. If you want to add a ferret into your family, keep in mind that you'll have to play with them a lot so that they will be happy. Also, they will become more active and a little bit noisier during the evening. The rest of the time, you can enjoy having a fun and loving mammal.


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bag sitting out in the environment and exposed to wildlife?
Flushable dog poop bags seem to have good potential if they are able to consistently dissolve in the sewer lines.
Ideas To Make Dog Poop Disposal More Eco Friendly
The current situation when is comes to dog poop disposal in most communities is not ideal to say the least.
Even when using what on the surface are environmentally and green options like biodegradable and compostable bags to dispose of dog poop, we seem to have problems.
Below we outline some of the main problems we might be facing, and put forward 7 ideas that might progress things towards more sustainable practices.
1. Have Waste Sites Dedicated To Biodegradable Pet Waste Bags Only
Regardless of whether your dog poop is in a bag or not, or what type of bag it is in if it is in one – when you put it in the trash – it get's sent to a landfill site with all the other rubbish.
If it's in a plastic bag, we have issues from the start because plastic – a) takes roughly _PHONE_ years to break down, b) releases toxic micro polymers when it breaks down and c) can be harmful for wildlife
However, you might think that putting the poop in a biodegradable or compostable bag is better, right?
Well, it might not be.
The reason for this is that both biodegradable and compostable bags need air to break down and decompose organically.
When under layers and tonnes of landfill mass, the bags are more likely to produce methane gas which is not good for the air or the ozone.
On top of this, some landfill sites don't even accept pet waste!
One way that we could combat this is if we figured out if sites or sections of waste sites that accommodate biodegradable and compostable bags are feasible.
This would involve ensuring the conditions at the waste site are aerobic and in turn will enable the bags and poop to naturally decompose.
2. Have Industrial Compost Sites That Process Only Pet Waste
Composting dog poop is essentially the equivalent of recycling it.
The issue is however that most industrial composting sites don't accept pet waste.
The reasons for this are a) it's too difficult and risky dealing with the dog poop itself which can contain pathogens and virus causing bacteria and b) it's too easy to contaminate the other compost matter and overall composting conditions
Also, the only bags that can be composted are compostable bags which must meet a specific set of criteria that is ideal for turning organic matter into a nutrient rich composting hummus.
It may be a good idea to explore the possibility of compost sites that only deal with pet waste and compostable pet waste bags.
This is in comparison to the sites that are only meant for biodegradation.
This way compostable bags aren't being wasted at landfill sites, and we get to recycle dog poop and produce more nutrient rich fertiliser.
3. Have Pre Fabricated Dog Poop Compost Bins For Homes More Accessible, & Better Educate People On The Benefits Of Composting
Composting doesn't always have to occur at an industrial compost heap, it can also happen at home in a backyard.
Health professionals might warn against composting dog poop yourself because a) dog poop needs higher temperatures to compost than a lot of other organic matter and b) the sometimes disease carrying dog poop can be dangerous to humans and animals nearby if not sealed off properly
There are companies out there however that do produce dog poop composting bins, and provide live worm cultures with the bins.
Worms naturally like to eat organic matter and all different types of animal poop – which over time becomes compost.
It would be great if these bins and similar technology were more commercially accessible to people, and education on safe composting in schools for example was more readily available.
4. Improve The Performance Of Flushable Dog Poop Bags
Flushable bags allow you to flush dog poop down the toilet instead of sending it to landfill.
There are a few problems with this approach though including a) you can contaminate the inside of your house or bathroom with the nasties in the dog poop b) not all flushable bags fully dissolve in the sewer lines – costing governments a lot of money to clear out
At present, the testing done on flushable dog poop bags doesn't seem to be suitable enough to determine that the bags will dissolve once they hit our sewers.
A combination of better flushable bag technology, and better/more stringent testing could be done to ensure bags are suitable for the sewer lines.
5. Analyse Our Sewerage Systems To Better Deal With & Treat Pet Waste
Further to the problem above with flushable bags …
In the event of a sewer overflow, the dog poop can contaminate the environment such as waterways and water reserves (eutrophication can be a big issue), harm animals and even get into drinking water.
It would be worth looking at how we can better treat and process pet waste that is flushed down our sewers – but, this may be difficult to do (which is why biodegradable and compostable bags and methods may be a better option)
6. Biogas Technology
We don't currently make use of biogas to a large extent to dispose of and process pet waste.
Some of this could be to do with the cost and newness of the technology.
Other reasons could be to do with awareness and unfamiliarity with the capabilities of the technology.
If you're unfamiliar with biogas, biogas utilises the gasses emitted by the breakdown of dog poop (methane, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide (CO) with the use of oxygen) to create fuel for energy.
It would be worth looking into very small biogas generators in places like dog parks and at places like beaches – that then in turn power surrounding lights and communal cooking facilities.
7. Use Less Plastic Dog Poop Bags
We already outlined the problems with too much plastic above when talking about landfill sites.
Pretty simple, use less plastic and move towards materials and disposal processes that involve more natural break down and recycling.
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Herbs & Botanicals I – L
Common Name: JasmineScreenshot 2018-04-13 at 5.34.57 PM
Scientific/Latin Name: Jasminum
Symbolism/Spiritual Meanings: Love, Money, Prophetic Dreams
Medicinal Properties:
Jasmine has been used for liver disease, liver pain due to cirrhosis, and abdominal pain due to severe diarrhea (dysentery). It is also used to cause relaxation, as a sedative, to heighten sexual desire as an aphrodisiac, and in cancer treatment. The aroma of jasmine essential oil has a pleasing and uplifting effect on the mind and it actively fights depression. It is also a very good antiseptic and disinfectant. Since it is a cicatrisant, it can help fade those scar marks and after spots. It can also help eliminate the fat cracks that often happen in pregnant mothers. It provides relief from a cough by helping clear out the accumulation of phlegm in the respiratory tracts. It also eliminates snoring by clearing the congestion from nasal and respiratory tracts. Jasmine essential oil increases milk secretion from the breasts and is therefore very good for lactating mothers and their new babies. The essential oil of jasmine facilitates and eases parturition and reduces labor pains. It provides quick relief from spasmodic coughs, cramps, congestion, asthma, breathlessness, and even spasmodic cholera. It also helps protect the uterus from tumors, particularly after menopause, by restricting the flow of estrogen.
Practical Uses:
Jasmine tea can also be administered as a tincture to treat cuts and scrapes. A compress using jasmine flowers can be useful for headaches and strokes. Jasmine juice is useful for treating corns. In fact, various skin conditions including sunburn and rashes can be treated by apply jasmine in lotion form. A body massage with jasmine oil is known to not only lift spirits but also relieve aches and pains. If you cannot sleep, try diffusing jasmine essential oil in your bedroom at night and simply inhale it from your cupped palms whenever you are feeling anxious. If you are suffering from a cold and cannot get rid of that annoying cough, try inhaling the oil from a sink full of steaming water before bed time.

Common Name: Juniper berryScreenshot 2018-04-13 at 5.36.36 PM
Scientific/Latin Name: Juniperus communis
Symbolism/Spiritual Meanings: Protection, Anti-theft, Love, Exorcism, Health. This is an excellent tree for healing and cleansing especially in curbing the spread of poisons or disease.
Medicinal Properties:
Oil of Juniper is given as a diuretic, stomachic, and carminative in indigestion, flatulence, and diseases of the kidney and bladder. One major benefit of juniper berries is the antioxidants they contain. Antioxidants help your body to prevent and fight disease because they relieve oxidative stress caused by too many free radicals in your system. These berries have compelling effects on many strains of bacteria and fungi. In fact, at least one study suggested they could be part of treatment for skin and respiratory infections. A simple Google search reveals that one of the most common uses for juniper berries, specifically in essential oil form, is to treat skin issues like rash or eczema. The antioxidants they contain are probably one major reason this can be effective. Many natural health practitioners recommend juniper berry essential oil as a relaxant and believe it has a positive impact on brain chemistry, encouraging rest. Juniper berries can help to improve heart function. It's possible that one novel use of juniper berries could be the treatment of the parasite that causes leishmaniasis, a disease commonly contracted in tropical regions and southern Europe.
Practical Uses:
The oil mixed with lard is also used in veterinary practice as an application to exposed wounds and prevents irritation from flies. The antibacterial and antifungal qualities of juniper berries have stood the test of time, which is one reason that juniper berry essential oil is often suggested as a natural household cleaning agent. For the most pungent flavor, try crushing fresh berries before using them in a sauce or marinade. You may also try toasting them, but over-cooking will draw out the bitterness and make the berries inedible. To prepare a diluted infusion with the juniper berries, take 15 gm of dried juniper berries and boil it in 500 ml of water and strain out the liquid. When it is cool enough drink the infusion can treat stomach disorders and chills or menstrual pain.

Common Name: Kaolin Clay
Scientific/Latin Name: Kaolinite
Symbolism/Spiritual Meanings: N/A
Medicinal Properties:
Kaolin clay has been traditionally used in caring, nourishing, and soothing different skin types. Kaolin clay is used as skin detoxifying and cleansing agent. The clay contains high content of silica that helps in removing the dead skin and makes it to regenerate. This also purifies and detoxes the skin and makes it moist. In addition, it has unique minerals and phytonutrients present, which helps in eliminating toxin and oil from the skin. Kaolin clay can be used to treat and heal various skin conditions. For instance, in the gastrointestinal tract, kaolin clay has been effectively used to treat and heal soreness and some swellings in the oral mucosa (mouth) that result from radiation treatments. The clay is absorbent so it's helpful with issues like diarrhea and has the potential to improve conditions like IBS, leaky gut, some ulcers, and inflammations of the large intestine, such as ulcerative colitis.
Practical Uses:
Clays are very important ingredients diy deodorants. Kaolin clay can be used in place of bentonite clay. It will help neutralize odor. It is also gentle when compared to ingredients which are irritating and unnatural. Kaolin clay is sprayed on fruits, leaves, or the entire crop to prevent insects and parasites from damaging them. It is also sprayed on fruits, to prevent sunscald. Studies have also found out that kaolin clay is rich in silica, which improves nutrients uptakes by plants by increasing the mineral bioavailability.

Common Name: LavenderScreenshot 2018-04-13 at 5.39.08 PM
Scientific / Latin Name: Lavandula
Symbolism/Spiritual Meanings: Feminine, Tranquility, Purification, Healing, Release energy block, Love, Sleep, Happiness, Peace, Meditation
Medicinal Properties: Lavender is an antiseptic and anti-inflammatory used in the application of various skin ailments. Antiseptic qualities of the herbs are commonly used to ward off insects. It's sedative qualities are used to treat stress and anxiety, and helps to soothe the nerves, calm the mind, treat headaches and promote sleep. Other attributes: antimicrobial, bitter, carminative, hypnotic, cholagogue, antidepressant.
Practical Uses: The leaves and flowers of the lavender plant are used fresh or dried. They can be placed in a vase for their aromatic properties in the household, or simmered in water to distribute vapor. They can also be used in culinary dishes. Dried flowers can be infused in hot water to drink as tea, or infused in oil for various topical uses. Lavender essential oil is a concentrated product and allows for various topical applications, and is also used in diffusers to disperse in the air asvapor. Dried flowers can also be stored in a sachet and placed in closets or drawers to keep linens and clothes fresh and free from insects.

Common Name: LemongrassScreenshot 2018-04-13 at 5.41.00 PM
Scientific/Latin Name: Cymbopogon
Symbolism/Spiritual Meanings: Repel snakes, Lust, Psychic powers, Love, Balance, Calm, Uplifting, and It teaches us the balance of "Forgive and Forget".
Medicinal Properties:
The health benefits of lemongrass include relief from stomach disorders, insomnia, respiratory disorders, fever, aches, infections, rheumatism, and edema. The defensive antioxidant activity of the lemongrass herb protects against antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and helps in maintaining optimum cholesterol levels, cellular health, nervous system, healthy skin and immune system. It is also effective in treating type 2 diabetes, cancer, and obesity, while also aiding in detoxification.
Practical Uses:
Lemongrass is used in the manufacturing of shampoos and grooming products for pets due to its repellent effects on lice and ticks. Lemongrass is used as a natural insect repellant and helps in preventing the occurrence of insect-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, and Lyme disease. Lemongrass is used in the manufacturing of deodorants due to its cleansing and antibacterial properties which help to combat unpleasant body-odor and prevent fungal and bacterial infections. It can also be added to footbaths for sanitizing sore and odorous feet. You can brew a tea by bending and tying two lemongrass stalks with twine, then placing them in a cup and steeping them with boiling water for about 10 minutes, or until the tea becomes golden brown in color.

Common Name: LimeScreenshot 2018-04-13 at 5.42.08 PM
Scientific/Latin Name: Citrus aurantifolia
Symbolism/Spiritual Meanings: Pleasure, Fun, Healing Power, Positive, Stimulating Energy
Medicinal Properties:
The health benefits of lime include weight loss, improved digestion, reduced respiratory and urinary disorders, relief from constipati


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Grated coconut, a culinary gem cherished in many cultures, adds a delightful touch to countless dishes. Its unique texture, natural sweetness, and rich flavor make it a perfect addition to both sweet and savory recipes. Whether you're a seasoned chef or a novice in the kitchen, it can elevate your culinary creations to new heights. In this article, we will explore the various facets of grated coconut, from its nutritional benefits to different forms and traditional uses. Get ready to embark on a flavorful journey that will open your taste buds to the wonders of grated coconut.
Nutritional Benefits of Grated Coconut
Beyond its delicious taste, it offers an array of nutritional benefits. It is packed with essential nutrients, including vitamins, minerals, and healthy fats. One cup of grated coconut contains about 283 calories, 26 grams of fat, 12 grams of carbohydrates, and 3 grams of protein. It is also a rich source of dietary fiber, which aids in digestion and promotes a healthy gut. Additionally, it provides essential minerals such as manganese, copper, and selenium, which play a vital role in various bodily functions. Its healthy fat content, including medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), can boost metabolism and provide a quick source of energy.
Different Forms of GratedCoconut
It is available in various forms, allowing you to choose the perfect option for your culinary needs. Freshly it is obtained by grating the white flesh of a mature coconut, providing a moist and tender texture. This form is ideal for recipes that require the vibrant flavor and natural sweetness of coconut. If fresh grated coconut is not available, you can opt for frozen grated coconut, which retains much of the freshness and flavor. Desiccated coconut, on the other hand, is the dried and finely grated form. It adds a delightful crunch and subtle sweetness to baked goods, cereals, and savory dishes. Coconut flakes, larger pieces of dried coconut, are perfect for toppings and garnishes, adding both visual appeal and flavor to your creations.
Traditional Dishes that Use GratedCoconut
It holds a prominent place in the culinary traditions of many cultures around the world. In Southeast Asia, coconut milk and grated coconut are essential ingredients in curries, rendang, and satay sauce, adding a creamy texture and enhancing the flavors of these dishes. In Indian cuisine, it is a staple in numerous recipes, such as coconut chutneys, coconut-based curries, and the famous coconut rice, known as "thengai sadam." In the Caribbean, coconut plays a crucial role in dishes like coconut shrimp, coconut bread, and the iconic coconut cake. These traditional recipes showcase the versatility of it and its ability to elevate the taste of various dishes.
Creative Ways to Use Grated Coconut in Everyday Cooking
Grated coconut's versatility extends far beyond traditional recipes. It can be incorporated into everyday cooking in creative and unexpected ways. Start your day with a nutritious and delicious coconut smoothie bowl by blending frozen berries, coconut milk, and a sprinkle of grated coconut as a topping. For a quick and flavorful side dish, sauté vegetables like green beans or spinach with it and a splash of lime juice. It can also be used to make homemade granola bars, adding a delightful crunch and natural sweetness. Get creative with your culinary experiments and discover new ways to incorporate it into your favorite recipes.
Health Benefits of Incorporating GratedCoconut in Your Diet
In addition to its nutritional value, incorporating it into your diet can have several health benefits. The medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) found in coconut can help boost brain function and improve cognitive performance. They are easily digested and provide a quick source of energy. Grated coconut is also known for its antimicrobial properties, thanks to the presence of lauric acid. Lauric acid can help fight against harmful bacteria, viruses, and fungi, supporting a healthy immune system. Furthermore, the dietary fiber in it aids in digestion, promotes satiety, and helps maintain a healthy weight. By embracing it in your culinary adventures, you can not only enjoy its delicious taste but also promote your overall well-being.
Where to Find High-quality GratedCoconut
To fully experience the wonders of it, it is essential to find high-quality sources. Look for trusted local markets, health food stores, or online retailers that specialize in authentic and organic products. Freshly grated coconut can often be found in the produce section, while frozen grated coconut may be available in the freezer aisle. For desiccated coconut and coconut flakes, check the baking or bulk section of the store. Ensure that the grated coconut you choose is free from additives or preservatives, as these can alter the taste and quality. By selecting high-quality grated coconut, you can enhance the flavors of your dishes and enjoy the full benefits it has to offer.
Tips for Storing GratedCoconut
Proper storage is crucial to maintain the freshness and flavor of grated coconut. If you have freshly grated coconut, refrigerate it in an airtight container for up to three days. For longer-term storage, freezing is the best option. Portion the grated coconut into freezer-safe bags or containers, removing as much air as possible, and freeze for up to six months. When using frozen grated coconut, allow it to thaw in the refrigerator overnight or at room temperature for a few hours. Desiccated coconut and coconut flakes can be stored in a cool, dry place, such as a pantry or cupboard, in tightly sealed containers. Following these storage tips will ensure that your grated coconut remains fresh and ready to enhance your culinary creations.
Vegan and Gluten-free Recipes using Grated Coconut
Grated coconut is a versatile ingredient that can be used in a wide range of vegan and gluten-free recipes. Coconut milk, made from it, is a popular choice for creamy vegan curries and soups. You can also use it to make delicious dairy-free desserts like coconut milk ice cream or coconut-based puddings. For gluten-free baking, replace a portion of flour with desiccated coconut to add moisture and a subtle coconut flavor to cakes, cookies, and bread. Experiment with vegan and gluten-free recipes that incorporate it, and let your creativity shine in the kitchen.
Conclusion: Embracing the Versatility of Grated Coconut in Your Culinary Adventures
In conclusion, it is a secret ingredient that can transform your favorite dishes into culinary masterpieces. Its nutritional benefits, different forms, and traditional uses make it an essential component of many recipes from around the world. Whether you are a health-conscious individual, a vegan, or simply someone who appreciates the wonders of coconut, it is a must-have in your pantry. So, next time you step into the kitchen, don't forget to sprinkle some into your culinary creations and explore the endless possibilities it offers. Embrace the versatility of it and let it take your taste buds on a delightful journey.


Kalai, Kalaī: 2 definitions
Alternative spellings of this word include Kalia.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary
kalaī (कलई).—&c. See under kalhaī.
--- OR ---
kāḷāī (काळाई).—f (kālikā S) A name amongst the kāṃsāra- people and other vulgar for kāḷī or dēvī. 2 (Amongst agriculturists. From kāḷā Black, i. e. Black earth.) A term for the ground or soil. Ex. yandā kā0 nēṃ hātacēṃ sōḍalēṃ. 3 unc See kāḷavaṇḍī.
context information
Discover the meaning of kalai in the context of Marathi from relevant books on Exotic India
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary
1) Kalaī (कलई):—(nf) whitewash; tin; tin plating; stone lime, coating; show; external grandeur; ~[gara] a tinman, tinner of pots and pans; ~[dāra] tin-plated; —[ughaḍanā/khulanā] to be exposed, to be unmasked.
2) Kalāī (कलाई) [Also spelled kalia]:—(nm) wrist; —[ghaḍī] a wrist watch.
context information
Discover the meaning of kalai in the context of Hindi from relevant books on Exotic India
See also (Relevant definitions)
Relevant text
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Reference: Complex Numbers from A to …Z by Titu Andreescu and Dorin Andrica
Balkan Mathematical Olympiad, 1985.
Let O be the circumcenter of the triangle ABC, let D be the mid-point of the segment AB, and let E be the centroid of the triangle ACD. Prove that lines CD and OE are perpendicular if and only if.
Let O be the origin of the complex plane and let a, b, c, d, e be the coordinates of points A, B, C, D, E respectively. Then,
Using the real product of complex numbers, if R is the circumradius of triangle ABC, then
Lines CD and DE are perpendicular if and only if. That is,
The last relation is equivalent to
, that is, — call this equation I.
On the other hand, is equivalent to. That is,
or,, hence, —- equation II
The relations (1) and (2) show that CD is perpendicular to OE, if and only if.
Ref: Complex Numbers from A to Z by Titu Andreescu and Dorin Andrica
Thanks Prof Andreescu!

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- National Terrorism Advisory System
- NTAS Alerts
- The NTAS Alert – How can you help?
- Alert Announcements
- Sample NTAS Alert
- Frequently Asked Questions
National Terrorism Advisory System
The National Terrorism Advisory System, or NTAS, replaces the color-coded Homeland Security Advisory System (HSAS). This new system will more effectively communicate information about terrorist threats by providing timely, detailed information to the public, government agencies, first responders, airports and other transportation hubs, and the private sector.
It recognizes that Americans all share responsibility for the nation's security, and should always be aware of the heightened risk of terrorist attack in the United States and what they should do.
Imminent Threat Alert
Warns of a credible, specific, and impending terrorist threat against the United States.
Elevated Threat Alert
Warns of a credible terrorist threat against the United States.
After reviewing the available information, the Secretary of Homeland Security will decide, in coordination with other Federal entities, whether an NTAS Alert should be issued.
NTAS Alerts will only be issued when credible information is available.
These alerts will include a clear statement that there is an imminent threat or elevated threat. Using available information, the alerts will provide a concise summary of the potential threat, information about actions being taken to ensure public safety, and recommended steps that individuals, communities, businesses and governments can take to help prevent, mitigate or respond to the threat.
The NTAS Alerts will be based on the nature of the threat: in some cases, alerts will be sent directly to law enforcement or affected areas of the private sector, while in others, alerts will be issued more broadly to the American people through both official and media channels.
An individual threat alert is issued for a specific time period and then automatically expires. It may be extended if new information becomes available or the threat evolves.
NTAS Alerts contain a sunset provision indicating a specific date when the alert expires - there will not be a constant NTAS Alert or blanket warning that there is an overarching threat. If threat information changes for an alert, the Secretary of Homeland Security may announce an updated NTAS Alert. All changes, including the announcement that cancels an NTAS Alert, will be distributed the same way as the original alert.
The NTAS Alert – How can you help?
Terrorism information and intelligence is based on the collection, analysis and reporting of a range of sources and methods. While intelligence may indicate that a threat is credible, specific details may still not be known. As such, Americans should continue to stay informed and vigilant throughout the duration of an NTAS Alert.
Each alert provides information to the public about the threat, including, if available, the geographic region, mode of transportation, or critical infrastructure potentially affected by the threat; protective actions being taken by authorities, and steps that individuals and communities can take to protect themselves and their families, and help prevent, mitigate or respond to the threat.
Citizens should report suspicious activity to their local law enforcement authorities. The "If You See Something, Say Something™" campaign across the United States encourages all citizens to be vigilant for indicators of potential terrorist activity, and to follow NTAS Alerts for information about threats in specific places or for individuals exhibiting certain types of suspicious activity. Visit _URL_ to learn more about the campaign.
NTAS Alerts will be issued through state, local and tribal partners, the news media and directly to the public via the following channels:
- Via the official DHS NTAS webpage – _URL_
- Via email signup at – _URL_
- Via social media
- Via data feeds, web widgets and graphics
The public can also expect to see alerts in places, both public and private, such as transit hubs, airports and government buildings.
Sample NTAS Alert
Review a sample NTAS Alert (PDF, 1 page - 89 KB).
Frequently Asked Questions
View Frequently Asked Questions about NTAS.
If You See Something Say Something™ used with permission of the NY Metropolitan Transportation Authority.

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Tire pressure equipment operating instructions
- 2018-09-18-
Tire pressure equipment operating instructions
1. The tire pressure device 3 sends a right front wheel wake-up command when detecting the vehicle, 3 receives the RF information and transmits it to the upper computer through the CAN;
2. The tire pressure device 6 sends a left front wheel wake-up command when detecting the vehicle, 6 receives the LF information and transmits it to the upper computer through the CAN;
3. When the tire pressure device 3 detects the vehicle again, it sends a right rear wheel wake-up command, 3 receives the RR information and transmits it to the host computer through the CAN;
4. When the tire pressure device 6 detects the vehicle again, it sends a left rear wheel wake-up command, 6 receives the LR information and transmits it to the upper computer through the CAN;
5. The paired vehicle stops at the parking line;
6. Connect OBD and scan VIN code;
7. The host computer sends the sensor ID to the receiving module on the vehicle through the CAN;
8. The host computer commands 3 and 6 reset, waiting to detect the next car.
胎压设备


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Can engaging parents via SMS messaging help their student's performance in school?
Yes, it can. At least in some ways.
A yearlong study called the Parent Engagement Project (PEP), ran a trial of sending parents SMS messages relating to their student's schooling. It included over 15,600 students and 36 secondary schools throughout England.
The researchers performed detailed statistical analyses of student's performance in various areas to see if the increase in parent involvement resulted in better scores. They compared to students whose parents did not receive the SMS messaging as well as prior year academic data.
Here's what they found:
"Children who had the intervention experienced about one month of additional progress in maths compared to other children."
"Children who had the intervention had reduced absenteeism compared to other children."
"Schools embraced the programme and liked its immediacy and low cost."
"The vast majority of parents were accepting of the programme, including the content, frequency, and timing of texts."
Initially, they thought there may have been improvement in English as well, but that turned out not to be the case. They also determined that science scores were not impacted at all.
What They Did
The programme included a well-defined set of SMS messages that would be sent to parents. The initial estimate was parents would get approximately 65 messages per year. There were three types of messages sent:
Upcoming assessment – Notifications sent four days in advance, and again at 1 day
Missing homework – Parents received notice if homework was not handed in
Conversation prompt – Parents received a summary of lessons for the day so they could discuss them with their students.
Most of the messages were sent by the "project delivery team", the rest were automatic. According to the report they were working for the project and not the schools. While there was a liaison (who worked at the school), between the schools and the team "schools in the current study were required to adhere to the protocol described above and were only allowed to modify text content related to the conversational prompts."
The schools themselves had little control over the messaging, but that was necessary to ensure the validity of the study.
Should Your School Use SMS?
By necessity, PEP used a "one-size fits all" approach. Every school received the same messaging schedule, the same training, and the same project support. But not every school is the same.
It's possible to start small and see how SMS messaging works for your school. Based on the study results, schools that have an issue with attendance might consider using it just to notify parents about that issue. A school looking to improve maths results could do the same just for their maths programme.
A simple introduction to using the messaging can make it easier for training staff too. One conclusion of the study was that schools felt they'd need a full time coordinator to keep the programme going as it was designed. That's an added cost to the school beyond the costs for the messages themselves.
But without such a complicated programme, schools could integrate it into their existing systems and staff only as needed. This would reduce the cost to implement a programme and could save on the fees necessary to use the service referenced in the study.
In fact, many schools and service providers (such as doctors and dentists) find that using SMS messaging often saves them money over time because it allows staff to be more efficient. An SMS provider like fastsms can offer messaging services for just the cost of the messages sent, without any account or annual fees.
Even though school has already started, we're here to answer your questions about how SMS messaging could work in your school. You can reach us by phone or even our live chat.


The observer pattern regulates communication between an object (called a subject) and other objects (observers) that want to react to changes in the subject. Instead of checking periodically for changes, observers register their interest with the subject and are notified about the changes with some callback or messaging mechanism.
If you subscribe to a magazine, you don't go to the publisher every day to check if a new edition is ready. Rather, you wait until the publisher sends you each issue.
This Gang of Four pattern is a basic part in distributed event handling systems. For example, a Model-View-Controller architectural pattern is always implemented with some application of the observer pattern.
The Live Binding mechanism that's...


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Previously at the ICA - Events
22 Jan 2015
As part of the collaboration between fig-2 and the Art Fund, fig-2 will be hosting eight public seminars, conceptualised by Art Fund Curator Fatos Ustek.
This eight-part seminar series will explore the curatorial pursuit and eloquence of expression in curating today. Inspired by the structure of fig-2, changing the rules of display of ideas weekly, if not daily, the artist changes every week. The exhibition is not a singular presentation of works or a consistent message, but is instead composed of several constellations, each revealing how one object put next to another could provoke different readings of both. Each seminar will concentrate on one theme in particular with assigned reading announced in advance on the website, and will be led by Fatos Ustek.
The first of an eight-part seminar series, Instituting the Social will start by addressing the concepts studied by Cornelius Castoriadis, activating the understanding of institutions, and their relationship to the construction of the social imaginary.
Reading: Cornelius Castoriadis, "Thinking About Political Theory" in Capitalism Nature Socialism, 2002


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Congress establishes the first federal forest reserves on March 3, 1891.
HistoryLink.org Essay 5322
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On March 3, 1891, Congress establishes the first forest reserves, which will become a system of National Forests. The law preserves water resources until forested lands can be opened for settlement and exploitation, but is part of a growing conservation movement to preserve natural resources for future generations.
By the 1890s, an increasingly urbanized nation began to appreciate the importance of preserving natural resources. Congress established a number of national parks including Yellowstone in Wyoming, and Yosemite and Sequoia in California. At the same time, Congress realized that the Timber Culture Act of 1873 (allowing title to land to anyone planting trees) had resulted in fraud. Scientists and the American Forestry Association advocated better management of the nation's forest reserves. The Forest Reserve Act of 1891 had mixed purposes -- to protect watersheds from erosion and flooding, and to preserve the nation's timber supply from over-exploitation.
Despite a lack of guidance from Congress as to the management of the new program, the Department of the Interior conducted surveys of public-domain lands and recommended a number of reserves. Management of the lands was handled by Deputy U.S. Marshals and agents of the General Land Office. On February 22, 1897, President Grover Cleveland established the Washington and Mount Rainier Forest Preserves, along with 11 others around the country.
In 1897, Congress passed the Forest Management Act, which laid out purposes for the reserves and conditions of use. The purpose was to preserve a water supply, preserve the forests, and provide a supply of timber. Timber would be managed and auctioned with the proceeds going to the government.
In 1905, Congress moved the reserves from the General Land Office in the Department of the Interior to the new Division of Forestry in the Department of Agriculture. Gifford Pinchot (_PHONE_) became the first Chief Forester. Pinchot drafted instructions on managing the reserves, stating, "All of the resources of the forest reserves are for use... under such restrictions only as will insure the permanence of these resources" ("Pinchot National Forest: Early History").
In 1907, the forest reserves were designated National Forests.
Dave Pease, "The First Hundred Years: From Oxen to Computers," Forest Industries, October 1990, pp. 14-18; Mark DeLeon, "A Short History of the Okanogan National Forest," Okanogan National Forest website (_URL_ "Giffort Pinchot National Forest: Early History," Gifford Pinchot National Forest website (svinet2.fs.fed.us/gpnf/heritage/early1.html); "The Evolution of the Conservation Movement: _PHONE_," Library of Congress American Memory website (memory.loc.gov/ammem/amrvhtml/conshome.html).
Travel through time (chronological order):
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Tutorial: Azure AD integration with Workday
Published: November 21, 2013
Updated: February 20, 2015
Applies To: Azure
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The objective of this tutorial is to show the integration of Azure and Workday. The scenario outlined in this tutorial assumes that you already have the following items:
 - A valid Azure subscription
 - A tenant in Workday
The scenario outlined in this tutorial consists of the following building blocks:
 1. Enabling the application integration for Workday
 2. Configuring single sign-on
 3. Configuring user provisioning
 4. Assigning users
Scenario
The objective of this section is to outline how to enable the application integration for Salesforce.
 1. In the Azure Management Portal, on the left navigation pane, click Active Directory.
 Active Directory
 2. From the Directory list, select the directory for which you want to enable directory integration.
 3. To open the applications view, in the directory view, click Applications in the top menu.
 Applications
 4. To open the Application Gallery, click Add An App, and then click Add an application for my organization to use.
 What do you want to do?
 5. In the search box, type Workday.
 Workday
 6. In the results pane, select Workday, and then click Complete to add the application.
 Workday
The objective of this section is to outline how to enable users to authenticate to Workday with their account in Azure AD using federation based on the SAML protocol.
As part of this procedure, you are required to create a base-64 encoded certificate.
If you are not familiar with this procedure, see How to convert a binary certificate into a text file.
 1. On the Workday application integration page, click Configure single sign-on to open the Configure Single Sign On dialog.
 Configure single sign-on
 2. On the How would you like users to sign on to Workday page, select Windows Azure AD Single Sign-On, and then click Next.
 Configure single sign-on
 3. On the Configure App URL page, perform the following steps, and then click Next.
 Configure App URL
 1. In the Sign On URL textbox, type the URL used by your users to sign in to Workday (e.g.: _URL_
 2. In the Workday Reply URL textbox, type the Workday reply URL (e.g.: _URL_
 4. On the Configure single sign-on at Workday page, to download your certificate, click Download certificate, and then save the certificate file on your computer.
 Configure single sign-on
 5. In a different web browser window, log into your Workday company site as an administrator.
 6. Go to Menu > Workbench.
 Workbench
 7. Go to Account Administration.
 Account Administration
 8. Go to Edit Tenant Setup – Security.
 Edit Tenant Security
 9. In the Redirection URLs section, perform the following steps:
 Redirection URLs
 1. Click Add Row.
 2. In the Login Redirect URL textbox and the Mobile Redirect URL textbox, type the Workday Tenant URL you have entered on the Configure App URL page of the Azure portal.
 3. In Environment textbox, type the environment name.
 noteNote
 The value of the Environment attribute is tied to the value of the tenant URL:
 - If the domain name of the Workday tenant URL starts with impl (e.g.: _URL_ the Environment attribute must be set to Implementation.
 - If the domain name starts with something else, you need to contact Workday to get the matching Environment value.
 10. In the SAML Setup section, perform the following steps:
 SAML Setup
 1. Select Enable SAML Authentication.
 2. Click Add Row.
 11. In the SAML Identity Providers section, perform the following steps:
 SAML Identity Providers
 1. In the Identity Provider Name textbox, type a provider name (e.g.: SPInitiatedSSO).
 2. In the Azure portal, on the Configure single sign-on at Workday dialog page, copy the Identity Provider ID value, and then paste it into the Issuer textbox.
 3. Click Identity Provider Public Key Certificate, and then click Create.
 Create
 4. Click Create x509 Public Key.
 Create
 5. In the View x509 Public Key section, perform the following steps:
 View x509 Public Key
 1. In the Name textbox, type a name for your certificate (e.g.: PPE_SP).
 2. In the Valid From textbox, type the valid from attribute value of your certificate.
 3. In the Valid To textbox, type the valid to attribute value of your certificate.
 noteNote
 You can get the valid from date and the valid to date from the downloaded certificate by double-clicking it. The dates are listed under the Details tab.
 4. Create a Base-64 encoded file from your downloaded certificate.
 5. Open your base-64 encoded certificate in notepad, and then copy the content of it.
 6. In the Certificate textbox, paste the content of your clipboard.
 7. Click OK.
 6. Perform the following steps:
 Service Provider ID
 1. In the Service Provider ID textbox, type _URL_.
 2. Select Enable SP Initiated SAML Authentication.
 3. In the Azure portal, on the Configure single sign-on at Workday dialog page, copy the Single Sign-On Service URL value, and then paste it into the IdP SSO Service URL textbox.
 7. Perform the following steps:
 Authentication Request Signature Method
 1. As Authentication Request Signature Method, select SHA256.
 8. Click OK.
 OK
 12. In the Azure AD portal, on the Configure single sign-on at Workday page, click Complete to close the dialog.
 Configure single sign-on
To get a test user provisioned into Workday, you need to contact the Workday support team.
The Workday support team will create the user for you.
To test your configuration, you need to grant the Azure AD users you want to allow using your application access to it by assigning them.
 1. In the Azure AD portal, create a test account.
 2. On the Workday application integration page, click Assign users.
 Assign Users
 3. Select your test user, click Assign, and then click Yes to confirm your assignment.
 Yes
If you want to test your single sign-on settings, open the Access Panel. For more details about the Access Panel, see Introduction to the Access Panel.
See Also
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This communication reports the first ever use of the over ocean evaporation duct to implement a high-capacity radio link from the Australian mainland to the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), North Queensland, Australia. Conventional long-distance radio communication techniques such as high-frequency (HF) radio, satellite, or cell phone are either too slow or too expensive to operate continuously in this situation. A microwave radio link overcomes these problems but would generally not be viable due to the limited range possible with a standard line-of-sight microwave link. This communication shows that by properly choosing the antenna height and operating frequency though, it is possible to trap signals in the ocean evaporation duct and substantially extend the propagation range. A 78-km link that operates at a frequency of 10.6 GHz and provides a data rate of 10 Mb/s has been established to verify the technique. The communication also provides preliminary results of the measured performance of this link and a comparison with existing radio propagation models.
Date of Publication: July 2009


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A Repertory Grid Study Investigating Factors Associated With Treating People Diagnosed With Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD): the Construct of Illness and the Therapeutic Relationship
Dunne, Emma Catherine
People diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) have been subjected to stigma and told that their difficulties are untreatable. Although recovery is now understood to be possible for this client group, much controversy exists around whether BPD is, in fact, an illness. The implications of this belief have not yet been explored from the perspective of the client. Furthermore, little research has attempted to deconstruct what constitutes the therapeutic alliance for people diagnosed with BPD and their clinicians from a Personal Construct Psychology (PCP) perspective. The present research study therefore aimed to explore what impacts on the recovery of people diagnosed with BPD. This included investigating the impact of the construct of illness and the therapeutic relationship. The research employed a correlational and non-randomised design, using a cross-sectional approach. The Repertory Grid technique was used among a sample of 20 clients diagnosed with BPD and their clinicians. Relevant questionnaires were also administered to ascertain BPD symptomatology and the perceived quality of the therapeutic relationship. Among findings, a statistically significant correlation is presented for the association between a poor therapeutic relationship and increased BPD symptoms. Evidence (in the form of a borderline significant correlation) is also revealed to suggest that clients diagnosed with BPD construe fewer benefits from psychological therapy when they consider the well – ill construct to be more important (i.e. superordinate). The results provide new information with regard to the treatment of people diagnosed with BPD.


Definitions for lubricationˌlu brɪˈkeɪ ʃən
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word lubrication
Princeton's WordNet
 1. lubrication(noun)
 the condition of having been made smooth or slippery by the application of a lubricant
 2. lubrication(noun)
 an application of a lubricant to something
Wiktionary
 1. lubrication(Noun)
 The application of a substance (a lubricant), between moving surfaces in contact in order to reduce friction and minimize heating.
Webster Dictionary
 1. Lubrication(noun)
 the act of lubricating; the act of making slippery
Freebase
 1. Lubrication
 Lubrication is the process, or technique employed to reduce wear of one or both surfaces in close proximity, and moving relative to each other, by interposing a substance called lubricant between the surfaces to carry or to help carry the load between the opposing surfaces. The interposed lubricant film can be a solid, a solid/liquid dispersion, a liquid, a liquid-liquid dispersion or, exceptionally, a gas. In the most common case the applied load is carried by pressure generated within the fluid due to the frictional viscous resistance to motion of the lubricating fluid between the surfaces. Lubrication can also describe the phenomenon such reduction of wear occurs without human intervention. The science of friction, lubrication and wear is called tribology. Adequate lubrication allows smooth continuous operation of equipment, with only mild wear, and without excessive stresses or seizures at bearings. When lubrication breaks down, metal or other components can rub destructively over each other, causing destructive damage, heat, and failure.
U.S. National Library of Medicine
 1. Lubrication
 The application of LUBRICANTS to diminish FRICTION between two surfaces.
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text:
A common question that crops up among herpetoculturalists who keep Uroplatus is how much UV they need. This is an important question, because UV, especially UV-B, can be critical to reptiles (and other animals) because it is involved in the pathway that produces vitamin D3 and allows for calcium to be absorbed by the body. But it is not really clear how this works in nocturnal reptiles. In Uroplatus we have the interesting case that the geckos, although active at night, sleep "out in the open," as it were—at least the bark-mimicking geckos tend to sleep on tree trunks and there is the possibility that these trunks are exposed to sunshine, giving the gecko a chance to bask. If this is the case, then in the captive husbandry of the geckos the opportunity to bask in UV-rich light would need to be provided. Over three years of field research, we tried to gather data on the UV exposure of sleeping Uroplatus during the day, using a Solarmeter 6.2 in the rainforests of Madagascar.
The following is an account of attempts to make measurements in Montagne d'Ambre in 2017–2018, Marojejy in 2016, and in a high-altitude forest near Bealanana in northern Madagascar in 2015–16. These observations are therefore directly relevant to Uroplatus sikorae, U. sameiti, U. giganteus, U. aff. henkeli Ca11, U. ebenaui, U. finiavana, U. fotsivava, U. lineatus, and U. alluaudi (and a few undescribed species that are not yet public knowledge), but they can be generalised over all Uroplatus species with the correct level of caution. See below.
First of all, there were several major challenges in assessing the UV exposure of Uroplatus:
- We have had a lot of trouble with the Solarmeter readings because they vary dramatically within centimetre distances. How do you standardise the measurements? Over the three expeditions we conducted, we did not have any success in finding a way to take these measurements in a standardized way, in part because it was difficult to integrate the Solarmeter usage into the daily regime, and in consequence it was not used as often as could be desired, and never in a standardized way. We tried in 2017–2018 to have a student collect the data over transects whilst looking for chameleons, but in the end it was too tedious, unreliable, and time-consuming to be continued. Not to mention rainy!
- There are dramatic differences to be accounted for depending on the perching habits of the species, making generalisations difficult. Bark-mimic species (henkeli complex, giganteus, fimbriatus, sikorae/sameiti complex, and lineatus, but also to a lesser extent alluaudi, guentheri, peitschmanni, and malahelo) may at times be exposed to full sun for brief moments, but probably not for long. The angle at which light hits them is always steep, and typically they are experiencing diffuse light because they are on the trunks of trees, where there is the most shade. By contrast, leaf-mimic species tend to be mostly or completely sheltered during the day, exposing only part of their bodies at all to the light, and certainly not basking. So what is the relevance of environmental UVB readings at all to these animals, which are generally hidden from the light?
- Light in the forest varies dramatically (1) by time of day, (2) by position, (3) by canopy type, (4) by microhabitat, (5) by altitude, and most strongly (6) by season. We conduct fieldwork during the rainy season, where light is lowest and rainfall is heaviest, and where in a single day we have massive swings from dark-as-night cloud cover to bright direct sunlight to diffuse light with or without rain. Needless to say, readings at a single moment in the day are not helpful, because we need an impression of the average exposure of the species to advise husbandry.
Given all of these caveats, you will hopefully understand why this report is fragmentary and perhaps not obviously useful. But it perhaps contains relevant notes on the ecology of species to make informed decisions about using UV light in your Uroplatus care.
UVB levels within the forest typically range from 0 to 15 µW/cm2. In dense primary forest, usually we are getting 0-2 µW/cm2, with upwards of 5 in more open areas, and sometimes up to 15 µW/cm2 in patches where the sun is shining at that very moment. In more open forests, the maximum we have seen is up to 30 µW/cm2, but sometimes we can get as much as 50 µW/cm2 in really blazing sun (probably more frequent in the dry season!). Outside the forest and on its edge we are getting triple digits sometimes, but this is really in areas where Uroplatus basically never occur (maybe useful if anyone keeps edge-loving chameleons though, especially Furcifer pardalis, F. petteri, and Calumma nasutum group species).
All in all, the maximum a rainforest Uroplatus is probably ever exposed to is probably 30 µW/cm2, and as mentioned above, this is probably more than a leaf-mimic species ever experiences. This is not an average value, however. As these geckos really do not seem to bask, and rather are hit coincidentally by light as the sun moves across the sky, the average exposure of any Uroplatus is probably between 8 and 10 µW/cm2, and lower in leaf-mimics. Thinking about the drier forest Uroplatus, where the canopy is less dense, we can raise these numbers a bit and say 10-15 µW/cm2 is a likely good average (again lower in leaf-mimics from drier forest, so U. malama and U. ebenaui).
Bear in mind that altitude also plays a big role: lower altitudes have less cloud cover, and typically more bright-sun-days per year than higher altitudes. So for example, U. ebenaui and U. finiavana may both occur in Montagne d'Ambre, but the latter occurs at higher altitudes than the former, and in more dense forest, and as a result, it must receive considerably less UV exposure. Fortunately, altitude and forest-type correlate rather strongly, so as long as you adjust UV levels for one or the other, you should come out okay.
Uroplatus pietschmanni (and possibly U. alluaudi) is probably exceptional, because it is a high-canopy species and as such probably has higher UV exposure than its relatives. Increasing by one or two µW/cm2 would probably cover this difference though. Uroplatus lineatus is also exceptional because bamboo forest has higher light levels than deciduous or rainforest. As such, it may be advisable to keep U. lineatus with higher light levels in general, and slightly higher UV levels than e.g. U. giganteus, which occurs in the rainforests beside the bamboo forest of U. lineatus.
Bear in mind when thinking about your husbandry that the weather is constantly changing in the forest. Clouds make UVB exposure swing massively. Replicates of natural environments in little boxes cannot mimic this effect, so it is safer to go with a lower-side-of-average value, rather than go straight for the high values of UV exposure. On the other hand, it would not be unreasonable to treat leafand bark-mimic Uroplatus from the same location with the same exposure, and simply provide more shelter opportunities for leaf-mimics… This would be more representative of their natural conditions. This is for the keeper to decide.
So far, the information from field observations is fragmentary and limited. Many factors could change the meaning of what we have observed so far; seasonal changes may vary exposure dramatically, these geckos may be basking more or less than we imagine, and they may be more sensitive to UV levels than diurnal lizards. Remember that no measurements from directly beside resting Uroplatus have yet been obtained, and these will be a critical step in informing decisions further. As such, this is still very much up to the keepers to decide.
As a parting note, consider that UV exposure may not be necessary for the survival of Uroplatus in captivity, but it may still be highly beneficial for them. In a large enclosure, providing a moderately weak UV light is unlikely to do damage.


Compared to a cigarettes, how much nicotine is in tea, coco powder and vegetables like tomatoes and potatoes?
For example, for a normal sized tomato, how many grams of nicotine is present?
 - This article gives a list of vegetables and their nicotine content – Chris Rogers Jan 30 '17 at 22:59
 - Thanks. So what is a "passive smoker", as mentioned in the article? I must be reading the data wrong because that would mean that one eggplant weighing 100 grams would be equivalent to 10 cigarettes worth of nicotine. That can't be true. Am I understanding the data correctly? – Lumo5 Jan 31 '17 at 6:32
 - I understood it the same as you. The article compares the amount of nicotine in food to being in a room with 1 or 2 smokers (moderate smoke in the room) breathing in their smoke but not smoking yourself – Chris Rogers Jan 31 '17 at 9:06
 - So, in a day, if I eat a potato, tomato, some eggplant, tea, and chocolate, that must be equivalent to 2 packs of cigarettes. So why don't people just eat a lot of tomatoes instead of smoking? – Lumo5 Jan 31 '17 at 9:42
 - 1
 I have a hard time believing the info in the article because then we would all be overdosing on nicotine just from eating salads and potatoes. – Lumo5 Jan 31 '17 at 13:36
Not much. Unless your vegetables or teas do contain tobacco or some exotic weeds.
In the letter mentioned in the comments was an interesting table listing different plant sources of nicotine. The highest amount was reported for eggplant containing 100ng/g of nicotine. In that letter this was translated into 10g of plant material needed for a consumer to ingest 1 µg of nicotine. These values were used because this level of exposure was deemed equivalent with the amount of nicotine obtained by a passive indoor smoker. An average cigarette contains around 10mg nicotine. (Take note of the different units of measurement.)
That would mean an unhealthy amount of vegetable is needed to be eaten to approach the nicotine levels of just one cigarette for a smoker.
Although this should have been clear from the start given the different magnitudes this letter provoked quite some reactions:
The main problem with the inferences in these authors' letter is a 500-fold error in the calculations used to determine the vegetable equivalent of toxicologically meaningful exposure to tobacco smoke.
Determining the amount of vegetable consumption suggestive of exposure to cigarette smoke is also more complicated and physiologically difficult than implied by Domino et al.
First, it would take an approximately 500-fold increase in the amount of vegetables estimated by Domino et al. to produce exposure equivalent to half a cigarette a day -- e.g., more than 100 kg of tomatoes would have to be consumed in one day.
Second, as acknowledged by Domino et al., nicotine exposure would be greatly reduced if vegetable skins, which contain most of the nicotine, were not eaten or if they were cooked in water, thereby extracting the nicotine.
Third, ingesting nicotine is not equivalent to inhaling it, since absorption from the stomach is poor and 70 percent of the nicotine entering the circulation is metabolized during its first pass through the liver.
Finally, it has been well confirmed that the exposure to tobacco smoke indicated by a plasma concentration of 5 to 10 ng of cotinine per milliliter is of clear toxicologic importance,3 whereas there is no evidence that daily exposure to the equivalent of 1 percent of the smoke from one puff of a cigarette would be of toxicologic importance or could possibly confound assessment of environmental exposure.
[formatting and emphasis added]
To which the original author responded:
The amount of nicotine in certain vegetables is obviously too small to produce any pharmacologic or toxicologic effects. The difference between the small amount of nicotine in certain vegetables and the large amount in one average tobacco cigarette offers a marvelous lesson, both pharmacologic and toxicologic, on the importance of dose-effect relations. We never intended to suggest that vegetarians could become nicotine addicts, or that children who hate vegetables have a legitimate reason for refusing to eat them.
Many plants, only especially those of the nightshade family, contain chemicals that are classified as active drugs; like nicotine. But tobacco is specifically breed for nicotine content and cigarettes are standardised for its content.
Determination of the Nicotine Content of Various Edible Nightshades (Solanaceae) and Their Products and Estimation of the Associated Dietary Nicotine Intake:
Aubergines. Aubergines were investigated by Castro and Monji (1986), Sheen (1988), and Davis et al. (1991) with inconsistent results. The concentrations published previously include not detectable (Davis et al., 1991), >100 μg kg-1 wet weight (Castro and Monji, 1986), and 2.65 mg kg-1 dry weight (Sheen, 1988). We investigated four different types of aubergines, and nicotine could only be quantified in one sample. In two of the remaining samples, nicotine was detected but could not be quantified. […]
Tea. Conflicting results are found in the literature concerning nicotine concentrations in black tea (Sheen, 1998; Davis et al., 1991; Domino et al., 1993). Therefore, tea samples were analyzed for nicotine to address these contradictory results. The concentrations that were found in the dry tea leaves (Table 6) were surprisingly high in concentration, ranging from 163 to 1600 μg kg-1. Large variations were found within the types of black tea, whereas the concentrations were more or less consistent within the green teas. For an estimation of the dietary nicotine intake from tea, the nicotine concentration of the tea leaves is less relevant than that in brewed tea. Tea was brewed using common amounts of tea leaves and water. The results show that nicotine is not efficiently extracted by conventional brewing techniques (Table 7). Even tea with very high nicotine concentrations in the leaves (e.g., teas 3 and 4) do not show high amounts in the brewed tea. If detectable, the extraction yield is in a range of 20-25%.
Averaged Nicotine Concentrations
 Based on the Observed Nicotine Concentrations
source nicotine (ng/g) SD (ng/g)
nicotine from potatoes 4.5 1.9
nicotine from tomatoes 2.7 0.7
nicotine from tomato paste 5.3 0.6
nicotine from tomato sauce 4.5 1.5
nicotine from ketchup 7.3 1.5
nicotine from aubergine 2.1 0.5
nicotine from brewed tea 4.0 0.3
The edible Solanaceae analyzed in this investigation were found to contain relatively consistent amounts of nicotine in the range of 2-7 μg/kg for fresh fruits. These results are in agreement with most but not all of the previous results reported in the literature. Nicotine appears to survive a variety of processing operations such as the preparation of tomato ketchup, sauces, and pastes as well as frying and boiling of potatoes. These products showed slightly higher concentrations in comparison to the related fresh fruits. Relatively large concentrations of nicotine found in tea leaves were not reflected in brewed tea. Using food consumption data from government sources, a mean estimated daily dietary intake of nicotine is approximately 1.4 and 2.25 μg/day at the 95th percentile based on the nicotine content and consumption data discussed in this report. It is possible that these estimates are low because of incomplete food consumption data. Further work is required to relate the estimated dietary nicotine intake to nicotine metabolite concentrations in biological fluids to be able to make reliable statements about the importance of dietary nicotine intake in comparison to environmental tobacco smoke exposure.
To bring that back into perspective, a reminder on SI units of magnitude seems appropriate:
10−3g = mg = milligram
10−6g = µg = microgram
10−9g = ng = nanogram
Nicotine is the principal alkaloid in commercial tobacco, N. tabacum, usually accounting for >90% of the alkaloid fraction whereas nornicotine, anabasine, and anatabine seldom accumulate to >5%. Further nicotinoids are present only in very small concentrations in tobacco (Bush et al. 1999).[…]
Nicotinoid Content of Cured Tobacco Leaves and Tobacco Smoke. Of course there are differences concerning the qualitative alkaloid profile of green tobacco leaves, cured leaves, and tobacco smoke. This is also true from the quantitative point of view. Thus, due to enzymatic transformation during senescence and air-curing, e.g., the nicotine content may be reduced in favour of an increased amount of nornicotine. This may happen even to an extreme extent. Due to individual genetic conversion so-called "converters" are able to metabolize leaf nicotine to its nor congener up to 95% (Siminszky et al. 2005 and references therein). This happens more frequently in burley cultivars than in flue-cured tobaccos. Moreover, aging and flue-curing turned out to lead to a reduction on the concentrations of minor nicotinoid components.
The accumulation of large amounts of nicotine and/or its congeners is confined to four solanaceous genera belonging to two clades of the subfamily


text: Energy from Waste (EfW) projects require complex value chains to operate effectively. To identify business partners, plant operators need to network with organisations whose strategic objectives are aligned with their own. Supplier organisations need to work out where they fit in the value chain. Our aim is to support people in identifying potential business partners, based on their organisation's interpretation of value. Value for an organisation should reflect its strategy and may be interpreted using key priorities and KPIs (key performance indicators). KPIs may comprise any or all of knowledge, operational, economic, social and convenience indicators. This paper presents an ontology for modelling and prioritising connections within the business environment, and in the process provides means for defining value and mapping these to corresponding KPIs. The ontology is used to guide the design of a visual representation of the environment to aid partner search.


Documentation
Ingest models
You can ingest your models in the same way that you ingest datasets.
CLI
The CLI is the most convenient way to ingest models. You can ingest a model using the following CLI command:
eotdl models ingest -p "model-path"
Where model-path is the path to a folder containing your model and any other relevant files.
For Q0 models, a file named README.md is expected in the root of the folder. This file should contain the following information:
---
name: model-name
authors:
 - author 1 name
 - author 2 name
 - ...
license: model license
source: link to source
thumbnail: link to thumbnail (optional)
---
some markdown content (titles, text, links, code, images, ...)
If this file is not present, the ingestion process will fail.
After uploading a model with the CLI you can visiting the model page to edit this information.
You can update your model in multiple ways. If you modify your local folder and run the ingest command again, a new version will be created reflecting the new data structure and files.
If the metadata in the README.md file is not consistent with the one in the platform (either because you edited the file or because you edited the model in the platform), you should use:
 - the --force flag to overwrite the metadata in the platform with the one in the README.md file.
 - the --sync flag to update your file with the metadata in the platform.
Q1+ models are not supported yet
Library
You can ingest models using the following Python code:
from eotdl.models import ingest_model
ingest_model("model-path")
EOTDL is carried out under a programme of, and funded by the European Space Agency (ESA).
Disclaimer: The views expressed on this site shall not be construed to reflect the official opinion of ESA.
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text:
Choosing to adopt a child is a major decision that requires careful thought and consideration. And on top of this, adoption can be a complicated, time-consuming process. In Australia, it can also be very expensive.
Because of this, it's often a good idea to consult with a family lawyer specialising in adoption. Doing so will help ensure the process is smooth and trouble-free, reducing stress and helping you rest easy with the knowledge that you're doing everything you can to streamline the process.
In the rest of this article, we've looked at a range of the top reasons why you should always speak with family lawyers before adoption. They include:
- Ensuring You're Following the Relevant Laws
One of the most important considerations when adopting is your state or region's adoption laws. These can be quite strict, and they often require you to follow a clearly defined process before you're allowed to adopt.
Working with a lawyer who specialises in adoption will help you make sure you're following the relevant laws. This is extremely important because failing to do things properly could result in your adoption either taking a lot longer than expected or failing altogether.
- Reducing the Risk of Complications in the Future
If the adoption process isn't completed properly, major complications could arise in the future. Hiring a family lawyer to help you deal with problems like the birth mother wanting to have their child back.
Unfortunately, these complications are a lot more common than you might initially imagine. When you work through the adoption process with the help of a lawyer, they will take steps to ensure you're protected in the future. For example, they may draft legal documents in a pre-emptive move.
- Having Someone to Do the Dirty Work for You
In many cases, adoption involves at least some degree of contact between the birth and adoptive parents. This can be stressful and difficult and is something best avoided if at all possible.
When you work with a lawyer, they will be able to attend such meetings and take care of much of the legwork for you. And as you can imagine, this will let you continue with your daily life without suffering from added stress and other difficulties.
- Making the Process Faster and Easier
A lot of people don't realise just how long and drawn-out the adoption process can be. If you try and work through things on your own, it could take years before you've actually completed the entire process.
Fortunately, though, things can be sped up by working with an appropriately-qualified family lawyer. They will be able to guide you through some of the more complicated aspects of the process, allowing your new adopted child to become part of your family sooner rather than later.
Ultimately, the adoption process can be a difficult one. Fortunately, it can be made easier by hiring a family lawyer to help you out. They will be able to guide you through the entire process, ensuring you're following the relevant laws and helping facilitate contact between you and the birth parents.
Ultimately, we'd highly recommend having a chat with your local family lawyer if you're thinking about adopting. Find someone with adoption experience and let them guide you. Good luck!


Sedentary Work Exerting up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of force occasionally and/or a negligible amount of force frequently or constantly to lift, carry, push, pull, or otherwise move objects, including the human body. Sedentary work involves sitting most of the time, but may involve walking or standing for brief periods of time. Jobs are sedentary if walking and standing are required only occasionally and other sedentary criteria are met.
Light Work Exerting up to 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force occasionally and/or up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of force frequently, and/or negligible amount of force constantly to move objects. Physical demand requirements are in excess of those for Sedentary Work. Light Work usually requires walking or standing to a significant degree. However, if the use of the arm and/or leg controls requires exertion of forces greater than that for Sedentary Work and the worker sits most the time, the job is rated Light Work.
Medium Work Exerting up to 50 (22.7 kg) pounds of force occasionally, and/or up to 25 pounds (11.3 kg) of force frequently, and/or up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of forces constantly to move objects.
Heavy Work Exerting up to 100 pounds (45.4 kg) of force occasionally, and/or up to 50 pounds (22.7 kg) of force frequently, and/or in excess of 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force constantly to move objects.
Very Heavy Work Exerting in excess of 100 pounds (45.4 kg) of force occasionally, and/or in excess of 50 pounds (22.7 kg) of force frequently, and/or in excess of 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force constantly to move objects.
Job Classification
In most duration tables, five job classifications are displayed. These job classifications are based on the amount of physical effort required to perform the work. The classifications correspond to the Strength Factor classifications described in the United States Department of Labor's Dictionary of Occupational Titles. The following definitions are quoted directly from that publication.
Sedentary Work Exerting up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of force occasionally and/or a negligible amount of force frequently or constantly to lift, carry, push, pull, or otherwise move objects, including the human body. Sedentary work involves sitting most of the time, but may involve walking or standing for brief periods of time. Jobs are sedentary if walking and standing are required only occasionally and other sedentary criteria are met.
Light Work Exerting up to 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force occasionally and/or up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of force frequently, and/or negligible amount of force constantly to move objects. Physical demand requirements are in excess of those for Sedentary Work. Light Work usually requires walking or standing to a significant degree. However, if the use of the arm and/or leg controls requires exertion of forces greater than that for Sedentary Work and the worker sits most the time, the job is rated Light Work.
Medium Work Exerting up to 50 (22.7 kg) pounds of force occasionally, and/or up to 25 pounds (11.3 kg) of force frequently, and/or up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of forces constantly to move objects.
Heavy Work Exerting up to 100 pounds (45.4 kg) of force occasionally, and/or up to 50 pounds (22.7 kg) of force frequently, and/or in excess of 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force constantly to move objects.
Very Heavy Work Exerting in excess of 100 pounds (45.4 kg) of force occasionally, and/or in excess of 50 pounds (22.7 kg) of force frequently, and/or in excess of 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force constantly to move objects.
Vertigo
Related Terms
 - Objective Vertigo
 - Pathological Vertigo
 - Physiological Vertigo
 - Subjective Vertigo
 - Vertiginous Syndrome
Differential Diagnosis
Specialists
 - Neurologist
 - Otolaryngologist
Comorbid Conditions
Factors Influencing Duration
Duration depends on the type of vertigo, the underlying cause for the vertigo, the individual's age and response to treatment, and the extent, if any, of complications. Acute vertigo is self-limited with a duration of a few days. Chronic vertigo may persist indefinitely.
Medical Codes
ICD-9-CM:
386.10 - Vertigo, Peripheral, Unspecified
386.11 - Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo; Benign Paroxysmal Positional Nystagmus
386.19 - Vertigo, Peripheral, Other and Unspecified; Aural Vertigo; Otogenic Vertigo
386.2 - Vertigo of Central Origin; Central Positional Nystagmus; Malignant Positional Nystagmus
438.85 - Late effects of cerebrovascular disease; Vertigo
780.4 - Dizziness and Giddiness; Light-headedness; Vertigo NOS
Prognosis
Acute vertigo is usually self-limited and resolves after several days of bed rest. The prognosis for other types of vertigo varies greatly, depending on the underlying cause. In many cases of chronic vertigo, changes in lifestyle may become necessary, such as avoiding positions of the head or body that aggravate or induce symptoms. Chronic diseases such as autoimmune disorders or multiple sclerosis that fail to resolve may cause continuing episodes of vertigo for an indefinite time. The success rates for various surgical procedures aimed at resolving or relieving the symptoms of more serious forms of vertigo range from 60% to 90%. Permanent hearing loss may accompany these surgical procedures.
Source: Medical Disability Advisor
Feedback
Send us comments, suggestions, corrections, or anything you would like us to hear. If you are not logged in, you must include your email address, in order for us to respond. We cannot, unfortunately, respond to every comment. If you are seeking medical advice, please contact your physician. Thank you!
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This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is published with the understanding that the author, editors, and publisher are not engaged in rendering medical, legal, accounting or other professional service. If medical, legal, or other expert assistance is required, the service of a competent professional should be sought. We are unable to respond to requests for advice. Any Sales inquiries should include an email address or other means of communication.


How to open the clipboard on your computer
Where is the Windows clipboard
We decided to finish the material with information about the actual location of the buffer.
Windows XP
In this operating system all the data put on the clipboard is kept in a single file. It is called clipbrd.exe, and you can find it by the following path:
How to access Clipboard History on Windows 10
On this operating system, by default you could open this file and view its contents
Windows Vista and 7
In later versions of Windows small changes have been made. The file responsible for the Windows clipboard is now called clip.exe, and is located in the same path. By default, its contents are not visible.
open, clipboard, your, computer
Where is the clipboard in Windows??
So we've determined that the clipboard occupies a certain space in the computer's memory which is equal to the size of the copied or cut file. You may have quite a reasonable question about how and where to find this very clipboard and enter it to view the information?
As a matter of fact, the area occupied by the buffer is in a sense a virtual concept and is invisible in the usual sense. However, in fact, in Windows there is a file which runs a special program that is responsible for performing the necessary actions of copying and cutting.
In Windows XP this is the clipbrd.exe, which is located in the system folder at the address:
Naturally this information is given for your reference, in no case you should experiment or perform any actions with this file (as well as with all other objects in the system folder), it can cause irreversible consequences.
To view the buffers in the XP version you can use the Start menu and the Run button located there. Enter the name of the clipbrd startup file into the line.exe. After all these actions, the contents of the last copied object will be displayed in the opened window.
In modern versions of Windows the developers have changed the structure of the clipboard. In Windows 7 and later versions (8 and 10) there is no such file. Instead of it clip is responsible for storing data on the clipboard.exe object, which is also located in the system folder, will be displayed:
However, you will not be able to open it and see what is there. This is one of the disadvantages, which, in general, are not numerous. In fact, we use the clipboard automatically only when moving objects.
And with certain specifics of working on your computer, sometimes it's important to keep track of your clipboard history and delete only the information you really don't need. We need some other functions which can be used only with third-party software.
Clipboard detailed guide. Where is the clipboard and how to work with it
When working at a PC we use the Windows clipboard all the time. Seems to be a quite usual feature of an operating system with which we can perform copy and paste operations within one or several programs at a time. But not every user can answer the question where the clipboard is and what it is. In this guide we will try to answer these questions. Table of contents :
See also How to display a laptop screen on LG TV
The clipboard is in the main memory of the device. As such, there is no specific location for the clipboard. RAM automatically allocates the right amount of resources for temporary storage of the copied file.
Usually this function allows to store only one copied information. When copying later, the information in the clipboard is overwritten, and access to the previous information is lost forever.
Built-in features of Android devices
Some models of smartphones allow to store not only one but also several fragments of information in the clipboard. In order to select the fragment to be pasted you should select the "Clipboard" function and select the necessary fragment after a long hold in the input field.
Applications
Unfortunately, not all smartphones can boast this feature, but there is a way out.
There are special programs, such as Clipper. They save any information you copy to the clipboard.
 - do not worry about data loss and do not interrupt during copying of several fragments of information in a row;
 - Quickly access any saved information copied to the clipboard;
 - store important data that you often use for pasting (email, cell phone, login to the site, etc.).д.);
 - Edit, group and share saved notes with friends.
The free version of the Clipper allows you to store up to 20 saved snippets in memory. The paid version of the program removes this limitation.
How to use modern Windows 10 clipboard features?
Basic copying content to the clipboard on Windows 10 works exactly the same as in older versions, and can be done in two ways. The copying process is similar on both Windows and Mac.
 - Highlight the selected text or image inside the application and press CtrlC. In computer slang, these combinations are called hotkeys.
 - Right-click on the selected text (or part of it) or image, and click "Copy" in the popup menu.
If you just want to paste the last copied content from the clipboard into the application, you can still use the two traditional pasting methods below.
 - Press Ctrl V. This is the traditional pasting method used in most previous versions of the Windows operating system.
 - Right-click where you want to paste the content and choose Paste from the popup menu.
Using modern Windows 10 clipboard features, you can choose from previously copied content from the clipboard history.
You can save images of up to 4 MB in the Windows 10 clipboard.
To access, you first need to view the history of the buffer.
You can do this by pressing Windows V. Once open, scroll up or down to find the text or image you want to use, and click on it to paste into the open application.
Deleting text and images from the Windows 10 clipboard can be done in three different ways.
 - Open the clipboard by pressing Windows V, then click the X in the upper left corner of each item you want to delete. This way you will delete one item at a time.
 - Open the clipboard by pressing WinV, and then press Clear All. This will delete every item except the ones you have pinned.
 - Open Clipboard System Settings and click Clear. This will also delete everything on your Windows 10 clipboard except the pinned items.
See also Find your Samsung phone through your Google account
The main keyboard shortcuts when working with the clipboard
CtrlV or ShiftInsert paste data from the clipboard
CtrlC or CtrlInsert Copy the selected data to the clipboard
CtrlX Cut the selected piece of information to the clipboard
CtrlA Select all the text in the current line, if the line contains text
WindowsV Open the clipboard log (available from Windows 10 version 1809)
How to view the Windows 10 clipboard hotkeys and programs
Good afternoon, friends. How to view the Windows 10 clipboard? Every person who works on a computer at the same time works with the clipboard (BO). In this case, many people are not even aware of it. Each part of the copied text is first put in the clipboard, and then goes where you put it. Windows has a history of the clipboard, you can examine it if you want. And both with third-party programs and system software. Since version 1809 of Windows 10, the developers have added the BO log to the OS settings.
Viral Activity
Immediately if you encounter a problem with the buffering functionality, check the status of your anti-virus programs. account status, virus definitions, the date of the last scan, and perform a full scan of your computer for virus activity.
You can use not only installed antivirus, but also portable utilities, such as "Doctor Web Cureit" or "Kaspersky Virus Removal Tool".
Program window of Kaspersky Virus Removal Tool
If you find suspicious files or viruses, perform the procedure of treating or deleting them, then reboot the computer and check if the buffering is working.
Addressing the clipboard with standard Windows tools
There is a full-fledged program only in Windows XP. There is a utility which is located in the folder C:/Windows/system32.
 - Go to Start, Programs, Standard, Run.
 - Type in clipbrd.exe.
 - A window will open that will show what is in the buffer at the moment.
In Windows 7 there is also such program, it is called clip.exe.
But it is not possible to open it for the user. There is a way to clear the clipboard with a special command, and even create a shortcut to launch it. You can also try to transfer the clipbrd utility.exe from an older operating system.
 - Write down a file from a computer with an older operating system. Or get the Windows XP installation disk, open it, the file you need is in the "I386" folder.
 - save it on your Windows 7 computer, then unzip it with any archiver, e.g. WinRar.
 - After extracting, run the clipbrd file.exe and you get a working program which allows you to view the Windows clipboard
You can also unpack the file at the command line by entering the following text:
cd desktop
expand clipbrd.ex_ clipbrd.exe
This only works if you have saved it on your desktop. The first command takes you to this directory. If you saved somewhere else, specify your path. But it