Why Case Management?
Why provide case management for people living with HIV/AIDS
doctor
The single most important issue when providing anti-retroviral drugs to people living with HIV/AIDS is to monitor drug adherence, which without, will lead to individuals developing drug resistance, which is irreversible. With this in mind, individual case management and adherence monitoring is critical and should be a prerequisite for any company, clinic or NGO prior to providing anti-retroviral therapy.
LifeSense employ dedicated doctors and Case Managers in South Africa and who are each responsible for groups of people living with HIV/AIDS. The LifeSense Medical Advisor is responsible for making treatment recommendations, including the authorising of appropriate ARV therapy based on pathology results.
The Case Managers act as a support mechanism and counsellor for the individuals in their care. The major responsibility of a Case Manager is to ensure that the patient prescription, authorised by the Medical Advisor, is electronically forwarded to the drug distributor and ARV therapy has been sent to the patient and that the patient is counselled on the correct use of the drugs prior to be handed the drugs. The Case Manager also has the responsibility of ensuring monthly contact with the patient to monitor the correct use of the dispensed drugs.
LifeSense Disease Management has been managing and providing its clients with a complete management programme for HIV and AIDS to ensure that members on the LifeSense programme remain clinically healthy, productive and active members of the community.


text:
How to replace food stamps
COLUMBUS - The Sept. 14 wind storm that left more than 2 million Ohioans facing longterm power outages is more than an inconvenience to food stamp recipients.
According to the Ohio Department of Job and Family Services (ODJFS), food purchased with food stamps can be replaced in certain circumstances, including if it spoils because of a power outage lasting longer than four hours.
To replace spoiled food purchased with food stamps, individuals must visit their county department of job and family services (CDJFS) and complete and submit a "Statement Requesting Replacement of Food Stamp Benefits" form. This form must be submitted within 10 days of the event that caused the food to spoil (in this case, Sept. 14) or, if the person was away from home, 10 days from when the food spoilage was discovered. Individuals can request an amount equal to the amount of food lost, but not exceeding the food stamp allotment for the month in which the disaster occurred.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Monday, June 18, 2007
PeopleCode Basics
Component Buffer:
Only search Record Fields are available, remaining which are not search key or Alternate Search keys are not available in this buffer.
All Field values of Level-0 record are available, whether all record fields are placed in a page or not.
Primary scroll record fields are available
Only fields of derived work record placed on a component are available. Remaining are not available.
Declared translate fields are available remaining not.
Component Processor:
PeopleTool runtime engine controls the processing of the application from the time the end user requests a component from an application menu through the time that the DB is updated and processing of the component is complete.
Application Processor:
The engine dictates when PeopleCode executes; take care of which event has to fire in which situation.
The Application Processor controls how PeopleSoft manages applications from initial data retrieval through updating the DB.
Through this process the Application Processor applies PeopleCode at specific times.
PeopleCode is PeopleSoft's own proprietary language, used to incorporate sophisticated business rules into PeopleSoft applications. The language is designed specifically to interact with Component Processor, giving the capability to enhance applications beyond the capability of the PeopleTools.
Using PeopleCode, we can accomplish virtually any editor or validation, in addition to a tremendous amount of online processing. PeoleCode gives the flexibility to set default values, set display characteristics of fields, dynamically derive values for pages, and update other tables based on sophisticated business rules.
We can also place PeopleCode on Application Message, Component Interface and Application Engine Program.
Accessing PeopleCode
PeopleCode programs are accessed using the Application Designer. PeopleSoft treats PeopleCode programs as an attribute of an object definition. PeopleCode may be placed on all of the following:
· Record filed
· Page
· Component (at the component, record, and record field level)
· Menu item (for pop-up menus only)
· Component interface
· Message and Message Channel
· Application Engine
There are 2 ways to access PeopleCode programs by drilling down in the Project Workspace.
1. Existing PeopleCode programs are displayed beneath their associated record field with a lightning bolt icon. Double-click one of these items in the project to display the corresponding PeopleCode program.
2. Right-click a record, field, or PeopleCode event and select view PeopleCode from the popup menu. This displays the corresponding program, or the first encountered, if more than one applies.
PeopleCode is case-insensitive, except for quoted literals.
Referencing Fields in PeopleCode:
PeopleCode programs can refer to any field on any record definition. However, for the program to work, all of the fields referenced must be in the component buffer on the application server while the program is being performed. This is controlled by a process called Buffer allocation.
There are 3 methods of referencing to a field when entering PeopleCode. Regardless of the method used, in PeopleTools 8.4, all fields in a program must be fully qualified. That is, they must reference a specific record in the format RecordName.FieldName.
We can use a shortcut to refer to the field on the current record, instead of typing the entire field name, use the caret (^) character. When the editor formats your PeopleCode, it will replace the caret with the appropriate field name.
Referencing a field Meaning
^ The field is on the current record definition.
FieldName The field is on the current record definition.
RecoreName.FieldName The field is on the different record definition.
As in all types of program code, commenting can prove useful and imformative in PeopleCode. There are 2 different ways to insert comments in PeopleCode.
Remark ;
/* */
Fieldsname = |&||;
&variable = |&||;
If condition Then
PeopleCode applies NOT first, then AND, then OR.
The ERROR & WARNING statements
Error statements display a message to the user, informing him or her of invalid data. Processing stops until the user corrects the data and passes the error test.
Syntax: Error('');
Warning statements displays a message to the user, informing him or her of data that may be invalid. Unlike Error, warning allows processing to continue.
Syntax: Warning('');
The EVALUATE statement
There may be times when we need to analyze the different values of a field. Based on these different values, we many need the system to perform more complex logic. Many nested If statements could be used to accomplish this processing, but the code could become quite messy. A single Evaluate statement can check all possible values of a field.
An Evaluate statement is a more straightforward approach than having a series of If Statements. The syntax for an Evaluate statement is as follows:
When =
When =
When =
An Evaluate statement can have unlimited When clauses.
Evaluate field
When = 1
When = 2
When = 3
Multiple When clauses with no code between them act as an implied Boolean OR. Otherwise no Boolean logic used in a When clause.
The BREAK Statement
In an Evaluate statement, PeopleCode always examines each When clause, even after a match is found. If the values in the different When clauses can never be true at the same time, processing time can be saved by jumping out of the Evaluate statement; to the next PropleCode statement when a match is found. This can be accomplished with a Break statement.
Evaluate field
When = "1"
When = "2"
When = "3"
1. Every PeopleCode program is associated with an Application Designer component and with an event.
2. PeopleCode programs are input or modified in the PeopleCode Editor.
3. PeopleCode is not case-sensitive, except for quoted literals
4. The '^' caret character can be used to refer to the current field in a PeopleCode program.
5. To comment PeopleCode, the /*..*/ or the REMARK (or REM) statement can be used
6. The Evaluate statement allows to check for all possible values in a field
7. Each Evaluate must have a corresponding End-Evaluate.
8. The Break statement takes you immediately out of an Evaluate or looping statement.
The Component Processor
The Component Processor controls how PeopleSoft manages applications from initial data retrieval through updating the database. Throughout the process, the Component Processor applies PeopleCode at specific times.
Reset State and the Search Record
After logging on to the application (or exiting a component), application data is cleared from the buffer. This is called reset state. When the user selects a component from the portal menu, the Component Processor displays an Add or Search page. The Component Processor uses the entered or selected search criteria to identify what data to retrieve.
After the Search
At this point, the Component Processor can retrieve all the data needed for the entire component. It knows which tables to get data from based on the record definitions in the component. It also knows which rows of data to retrieve based on the search key selected. All the rows from the tables used in the component where the search key matches the search key entered in the search process will be selected.
Once all the data is selected, the Component Processor needs to allocate buffer space to hold the application data temporarily on the WebServer while the component in use. The amount of data allocated is determined by the rules of buffer allocation. After the Component Processor has allocated buffer space and loaded the appropriate data, it applies any record defaults, displays the component to the user, and waits for an action.
Field Action Events
The user may then decide to change one of the values of a field. In edit boxes and long edit boxes, a field is considered to be changed when we exit the box and the value is different from when the field was entered. Check box and radio buttons will record a change immediately. Drop-down lists are considered changed immediately when you select a different value.
After each field is changed, the Component Processor does some standard edits, such as formatting and checking against prompt tables. If the contents of the field don't pass the standard system edits, the Component Processor displays the page with an error or warning message and turns the field red. Until the error is corrected, the Component Processor will not let the changes be saved. If the contents of the field pass the standard system edits, the Component Processor accepts the change into the buffers and displays the page again.
Row Action Events
Scroll areas are used to move through rows of data online. Rows of data within a scroll area can either be added using a Row Insert or deleted using a Row Delete. The Component Processor adds or removes a row of data, then displays the page again and waits for another use action.
Save Action Events
A Component will be saved when the user clicks the Save Button
After the component is saved, the component issues the appropriate SQL updates to the database, after which a SQL Commit command is performed to finalize the changes. The Component Processor then evaluates whether it needs to display a new component. If the user has not requested a new component, the Component Processor displays the page and waits for another user action.
Pop-up Menu
If the end user clicks the pop-up icon next to a field a pop-up menu appears. This can be a default pop-up menu or one that has been defined by the developer. If the user clicks the Related Links button in the component toolbar, the pop-up menu for the page displays. PeopleCode may be placed on pop-up menus. The ItemSelected event is triggered when the user chooses a menu item from a pop-up menu.
PeopleCode and the Component Processor Flow
Every PeopleCode program is associated with one object and one PeopleCode event. PeopleCode events fire at particular times and particular sequences during the course of the Component Processors flow of execution. When an event fires, it triggers PeopleCode programs on specific objects.
Whenever we are coding PeopleCode to enforce a business rule governing your data, you will need to


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I am having difficulty understanding this question:
Graph the subspace spanned by the vectors $i = (3,-2,-1)^T$, $j = (-2,0,-1)^T$.
You don't have to graph it, but the answer for this problem is $z = (-3/5)x - (6/5)y$. I don't understand how to come up with that answer. I tried setting $i=-j$ but to no avail. Also, sorry for writing $i,j$ with $^T$, I do not know how to format it to make it look like a column vector.
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Are you sure that's the right answer? The points $(3,-2,-1)$ and $(-2,0,-1)$ don't seem to be on that plane. – yunone Sep 22 '12 at 7:27
1 Answer 1
up vote 2 down vote accepted
I think something is not quite right here.
Since we are in $\mathbb{R}^3$ we can find the normal to the plane spanned by $i, j$ by $i \times j = (2,5,-4)^T$, hence the equation of the plane is $\langle (x,y,z)^T, i \times j \rangle = 2x+5y-4z =0$, which gives $z = \frac{1}{2} x + \frac{5}{4} y$.
Here is another approach that does not use the cross product:
Suppose $(x,y,z) = a i + b j = (3a-2b, -2a, -(a+b))$. Then, from $y$ we have $a = -\frac{y}{2}$, and from $x$ we have $b = -\frac{3}{4} y -\frac{1}{2} x$. Then $z = -(a+b) = \frac{1}{2} x + \frac{5}{4} y$.
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How did you get z=1/2x + 5/4y and (2,5,-4)^T? We haven't been taught the cross product yet. – diimension Sep 22 '12 at 21:53
I added another approach. – copper.hat Sep 22 '12 at 22:00
I understand now because of your help, thank you very much copper!! – diimension Sep 22 '12 at 23:15
You are very welcome, glad to be of help. – copper.hat Sep 23 '12 at 0:30
Your Answer


text:
If you use Windows Vista, and ever felt the need to turn off the "Aero transparency interface", here is the normal process that you would have to go through:
- Open Appearance Settings by clicking Start -> Control Panel -> Appearance and Personalization -> Window Color and Appearance.
- Uncheck the box labeled Aero Transparency, and then press OK.
or you can try the following method:
Run REGEDIT and go to HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Directory\Background\Shell. Right-click the Shell part, select New > Key and call it Aero On.
Right-click the Aero On key you've created, and create a new key called command. Double-click this (in the right-hand side of the screen) and give it the value Rundll32 dwmApi #102.
Right-click the Shell key again, select New > Key, and call this Aero Off. Create a command key below it, as you've just done, and give it the value Rundll32 dwmApi #104.
Now, right-click an empty part of the desktop to see your options, and select Aero On when you want fancy effects like Flip 3D, and Aero Off when you're after raw speed.
More tips: Full Article


\& \text{such that} \\& \text{the point } \bar{y}=A(\bar{x})\in Y \text{ solves (IP2)}, \end{aligned}$$
where IP1 is a problem set in space X, IP2 is a problem set in space Y and \(A:X\rightarrow Y\) is a bounded linear mapping. Many inverse problems can be modeled in this framework by choosing different problems for IP1 and IP2, and numerous results in this area were developed in the recent decades, for example, see [2530] and the references therein.
In this paper, we are concerned with a problem in the framework of SIP, called multiple-set split feasibility problem (MSSFP), which was introduced by Censor et al. [27] and is formulated as a problem of finding a point
$$ \bar{x}\in \bigcap_{i=1}^{N}C_{i} \quad \text{such that } A\bar{x}\in \bigcap_{j=1}^{M}Q_{j}, $$
(6)
where \(\{C_{1},\ldots , C_{N}\}\) and \(\{Q_{1},\ldots , Q_{M}\}\) are nonempty closed convex subsets of \(H_{1}\) and \(H_{2}\), respectively. Denote by Ω the set of solutions for (6). The MSSFP (6) with \(N=M=1\) is the SFP (1). For solving the MSSFP (6), many methods have been developed, see, for example, in [27, 3142] and the references therein.
Inspired by Yang [20] and Lopez et al. [1], we are interested in solving MSSFP in which the involved sets \(C_{i}\) (\(i\in \{1,\ldots ,N\}\)) and \(Q_{j}\) (\(j\in \{1, \ldots ,M\}\)) are given as sublevel sets of convex functions, i.e.,
$$ C_{i}=\bigl\{ x\in H_{1}:c_{i}(x) \leq 0\bigr\} \quad \text{and}\quad Q_{j}=\bigl\{ y\in H_{2}:q_{j}(y) \leq 0\bigr\} , $$
(7)
where \(c_{i}:H_{1}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) and \(q_{j}:H_{2}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) are convex functions for all \(i\in \{1,\ldots ,N\}\), \(j\in \{1,\ldots ,M\}\). We assume that both \(c_{i}\) and \(q_{j}\) are subdifferentiable on \(H_{1}\) and \(H_{2}\), respectively, and that \(\partial c_{i}\) and \(\partial q_{j}\) are bounded operators (i.e., bounded on bounded sets). In what follows, we define \(N+M\) half-spaces at point \(x_{n}\) by
$$ C_{i,n}=\bigl\{ x\in H_{1}:c_{i}(x_{n}) \leq \langle \xi _{i,n},x_{n}-x \rangle \bigr\} , $$
(8)
where \(\xi _{i,n}\in \partial c_{i}(x_{n})\), and
$$ Q_{j,n}=\bigl\{ y\in H_{2}:q_{j}(Ax_{n}) \leq \langle \varepsilon _{j,n},Ax_{n}-y \rangle \bigr\} , $$
(9)
where \(\varepsilon _{j,n}\in \partial q_{j}(Ax_{n})\).
In various disciplines, for example, in economics and control theory [43, 44], problems arise in infinite-dimensional spaces. In such problems, norm convergence is often much more desirable than weak convergence, for it translates the physically tangible property that the energy \(\|x_{n}-p\|\) of the error between the iterate \(x_{n}\) and a solution p eventually becomes arbitrarily small. More about the importance of strong convergence in a minimization problem via the proximal-point algorithm is underlined in [45].
The classical iteration can only provide weak convergence within an infinite-dimensional space. But strong convergence is the one that's most wanted. Since it plays a key role in the strong convergence, we put the viscosity term for iteration, see, for example, [46]. It is well known that the inertial method greatly enhances algorithm efficiency and has good convergence properties [38, 4749].
This paper contributes a strongly convergent iterative algorithm for MSSFP with inertial effect (extrapolated point \(x_{n}+\alpha _{n}(x_{n}-x_{n-1})\), rather than \(x_{n}\) itself) in the direction of half-space relaxation (assuming \(C_{i}\) and \(Q_{j}\) are given as sublevel sets of convex functions (7)) where the projection onto half-spaces (8) and (9) is computed in parallel and a priori knowledge of the operator norm is not required. For this purpose, we introduce the extended form of the way of selecting stepsize used by Lopez et al. [1], to work for MSSFP framework, and we analyze the strong convergence of our proposed algorithm.
Preliminary
In this paper, the symbols "" and "→" stand for the weak and strong convergence, respectively.
Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of a real Hilbert space H. The metric projection on C is a mapping \(P_{C} : H\rightarrow {C}\) defined by
$$ P_{C}(x) =\arg \min \bigl\{ \Vert y-x \Vert :y\in {C}\bigr\} , \quad x\in H. $$
Lemma 2.1
Let C be a closed convex subset of H. Given \(x\in H\) and a point \(z\in C\), \(z=P_{C}(x)\) if and only if
$$ \langle x-z, y-z\rangle \leq 0, \quad \forall y\in C. $$
More properties of the metric projection can be found in [50].
Definition 2.2
The mapping \(T:H\rightarrow H\) is said to be
 1. (i)
 γ-contraction if there exists a constant \(\gamma \in [0,1) \) such that
 $$ \bigl\Vert T(x)-T(y) \bigr\Vert \leq \gamma \Vert x-y \Vert , \quad \forall x,y\in H; $$
 2. (ii)
 firmly nonexpansive if
 $$ \Vert Tx-Ty \Vert ^{2}\leq \Vert x-y \Vert ^{2}- \bigl\Vert (I-T)x-(I-T)y \bigr\Vert ^{2}, \quad \forall x,y\in H, $$
 which is equivalent to
 $$ \Vert Tx-Ty \Vert ^{2}\leq \langle Tx-Ty,x-y\rangle , \quad \forall x,y\in H. $$
If T is firmly nonexpansive, \(I-T\) is also firmly nonexpansive. The metric projection \(P_{C}\) on a closed convex subset C of H is firmly nonexpansive.
Definition 2.3
The subdifferential of a convex function \(f:H\rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) at \(x\in H\), denoted by \(\partial f(x)\), is defined by
$$ \partial f(x)=\bigl\


Orthogonality of 2 lines
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define ll long long
// check whether 2 lines are orthogonal or not
// input: line 1 represented by 2 points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2)
// and line 2 represented by 2 points (x3, y3) and (x4, y4)
// output: true or false
template <typename T> bool checkOrtho(T x1, T y1, T x2, T y2,
 T x3, T y3, T x4, T y4) {

 T m1, m2;

 // Both lines have infinite slope
 if (x2 - x1 == 0 && x4 - x3 == 0)
 return false;

 // Only line 1 has infinite slope
 else if (x2 - x1 == 0) {

 m2 = (y4 - y3) / (x4 - x3);

 if (m2 == 0)
 return true;
 else
 return false;
 }

 // Only line 2 has infinite slope
 else if (x4 - x3 == 0) {

 m1 = (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1);

 if (m1 == 0)
 return true;
 else
 return false;
 }

 else {
 // Find slopes of the lines
 m1 = (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1);
 m2 = (y4 - y3) / (x4 - x3);

 // Check if their product is -1
 if (m1 * m2 == -1)
 return true;
 else
 return false;
 }
}
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the security credentials of the username that you used while creating the Hosted Zone for your domain name. Once you have the information, you can set up Route53 configuration easily as follows:
$ openreplica route53 [public_dns AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY]
Once you make sure that your Route53 account is set up and the configuration file includes your AWS credentials, you can start the replica with a name server as follows:
$ openreplica replica -o concoord.object.counter.Counter -n counterdomain.com -r
When the replica starts running, you can send queries for counterdomain.com and see the most current set of nodes as follows:
$ dig -t a counterdomain.com # returns set of Replicas
$ dig -t srv _concoord._tcp.counterdomain.com # returns set of Replicas with ports
$ dig -t txt counterdomain.com # returns set of all nodes
$ dig -t ns counterdomain.com # returns set of name servers
ADVANCED TUTORIAL
ConCoordifying Python Objects
For cases when the objects included in the ConCoord distribution do not meet your coordination needs, ConCoord lets you convert your local Python objects into distributable objects very easily.
To walk through the ConCoord approach, you will use a different Counter object that increments and decrements by ten, namely tencounter.py. Once you install ConCoord, you can create coordination objects and save them anywhere in your filesystem. After you create tencounter.py, you can save tencounter.py under /foo/tencounter.py:
class TenCounter:
 def __init__(self, value=0):
 self.value = value
 def decrement(self):
 self.value -= 10
 def increment(self):
 self.value += 10
 def getvalue(self):
 return self.value
 def __str__(self):
 return "The counter value is %d" % self.value
Once you have created the object, update your PYTHONPATH accordingly, so that the objects can be found and imported:
$ export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:/foo/
Clients will use a proxy object to do method calls on the object. To create the proxy object automatically, you can use the following command:
$ concoord object -o tencounter.TenCounter
Usage: concoord object [-h] [-o OBJECTNAME] [-t SECURITYTOKEN] [-p PROXYTYPE]
 [-s] [-v]
where,
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-o OBJECTNAME, --objectname OBJECTNAME
 client object dotted name module.Class
-t SECURITYTOKEN, --token SECURITYTOKEN
 security token
-p PROXYTYPE, --proxytype PROXYTYPE
 0:BASIC, 1:BLOCKING, 2:CLIENT-SIDE BATCHING, 3:SERVER-SIDE BATCHING
-s, --safe safety checking on/off
-v, --verbose verbose mode on/off
This script will create a proxy file under the directory that the object resides (i.e. /foo/):
/foo/tencounterproxy.py := the proxy that can be used by the client
IMPORTANT NOTE: ConCoord objects treat __init__ functions specially in two ways:
1) When Replicas go live, the object is instantiated calling the __init__ without any arguments. Therefore, while implementing coordination objects, the __init__ method should be implemented to be able to run without explicit arguments. You can use defaults to implement an __init__ method that accepts arguments.
2) In the proxy created, the __init__ function is used to initialize the Client-Replica connection. This way, multiple clients can connect to a ConCoord instance without reinitializing the object. During proxy generation, the original __init__ function is renamed as __concoordinit__, to reinitialize the object the user can call __concoordinit__ at any point.
After this point on, you can use TenCounter just like we use Counter before.
Creating Source Bundles
You can create bundles to use at the server and client sides using the Makefile provided. Remember to add the objects you have created in these bundles.
Creating A Server Bundle
To create a bundle that can run replicas:
$ make server
Creating A Client Bundle
To create a bundle that can run a client and connect to an existing ConCoord instance:
$ make client
Logging
We have two kinds of loggers for ConCoord:: * Console Logger * Network Logger
Both of these loggers are included under utils.py. To start the NetworkLogger, use the logdaemon.py on the host you want to keep the Logger.
Synchronization & Threading
ConCoord provides a distributed and fault-tolerant threading library. The library includes:
 - Lock
 - RLock
 - Semaphore
 - BoundedSemaphore
 - Barrier
 - Condition
The implementations of distributed synchronization objects follow the implementations in the Python threading library. We will walk through an example below using the Semaphore object under concoord/object/semaphore.py
In the blocking object implementation, the method invocations that use an object from the threading library requires an extra argument _concoord_command. This argument is used by the calling Replica node to relate any blocking/unblocking method invocation to a specific client. This way, even if the client disconnects and reconnects, the ConCoord instance will remain in a safe state:
from concoord.threadingobject.dsemaphore import DSemaphore
class Semaphore:
 def __init__(self, count=1):
 self.semaphore = DSemaphore(count)
 def __repr__(self):
 return repr(self.semaphore)
 def acquire(self, _concoord_command):
 try:
 return self.semaphore.acquire(_concoord_command)
 except Exception as e:
 raise e
 def release(self, _concoord_command):
 try:
 return self.semaphore.release(_concoord_command)
 except Exception as e:
 raise e
 def __str__(self):
 return str(self.semaphore)
To create the proxy for this blocking object we will use the following command:
$ concoord object -o concoord.object.semaphore.Semaphore -p 1
This command creates the proxy that supports blocking operations. Now you can use blocking objects just like basic ConCoord objects. First, we start the replica nodes the same way we did before as follows:
$ concoord replica -o concoord.object.semaphore.Semaphore -a 127.0.0.1 -p 14000
To test the functionality, you can use multiple clients or print out the Semaphore object as follows:
>>> from semaphoreproxy import Semaphore
>>> s = Semaphore("127.0.0.1:14000")
>>> s.acquire()
True
>>> i = 10
>>> i += 5
>>> s
<DSemaphore count=0>
>>> s.release()
>>> s
<DSemaphore count=1>
>>>
HOMEPAGE
Visit _URL_ to get more information on ConCoord.
CONTACT
If you believe you have found a bug or have a problem you need assistance with, you can get in touch with us by emailing _EMAIL_
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text:
The Sentence Pattern Chart
Sentence Pattern Chart
The Sentence Pattern and Parts of Speech Chart consists of two colorful 19" X 25" posters for the bulletin board that display simple sentence structure in context. A pamphlet accompanies the system with exercises where students analyze both sentence patterns and parts of speech at the same time in a "whole grammar" method which simplifies and clarifies function.
The method, developed over years in a busy classroom, is also designed so that students can transfer their work to a machine-scorable answer sheet that takes seconds to correct, then work through and correct their own errors. In the daily plan, the method permits a warm-up lesson as well as a permanent display that students can refer to on need.
Packing all the basics into an ever available visual lesson and display saves valuable class time, which can then be spent on meaning-based activities. Also adaptable to your preferred grammar or reading texts. The posters' flip sides are designed for easy testing.


Oceana North America - providencia _URL_ en Guest Post: The Rush to Drill in the Caribbean _URL_ Image courtesy of Jaime Matera Editor's note: It's not just the U.S. government that's pushing to drill in our oceans. Guest blogger Jaime Matera is a marine anthropologist who is working to stop potential drilling off the coast of his home country, Colombia. In 2010 the Colombian government opened up pristine coastal ecosystems in the Caribbean Sea to oil exploration. If allowed to continue, two petroleum companies, Repsol-YPF and Ecopetrol, would be drilling for oil on the second largest reef system in the Caribbean. The Colombian archipelago of San Andres, Providencia and Santa Catalina lies on the southwestern Caribbean Sea, just 125 miles off the coast of Central America. It is home to an exceptional marine ecosystem and a native island population with strong connections to the resources. The reef system surrounding the islands of Providencia and Santa Catalina is the second largest in the Caribbean. It covers approximately 255 km² and includes extensive sea grass beds, mangrove forests, and patchy reefs systems. In addition, a number of uninhabited cays and atolls are found in surrounding waters. read more Gulf Oil Spill Response Center Offshore Drilling Oil Pollution archipelago of san andres colombia coral reefs gulf of mexico oil spill offshore drilling providencia san andres archipelago santa catalina Mon, 16 May 2011 20:48:35 +0000 Jaime Matera 8719 at _URL_


text:
Definition of garage
- garage Noun A building (or section of a building) used to store a car, tools and other miscellaneous items.
- garage Noun A place where cars are serviced and repaired.
- garage Noun A petrol filling station,
- garage Noun An independent automobile repair shop.
- garage Noun A type of guitar rock music, personified by amateur bands playing in the basement or garage.
- garage Noun A type of electronic dance music.
- garage Verb To store in a garage.


text:
Plan Your Three Peaks Challenge…
The key to a successful Three Peaks Challenge is pre-planning, and that's where we're here to help!
On our website you'll find all the resources and information you'll need to plan everything from route choice to rubbish disposal!
So why are we providing all this super useful information and advice? The Three Peaks Partnership is made up of the organisations and charities responsible for managing the three mountains on which the Challenge takes place. Up to 30-40,000 people take part in the Challenge every year and unfortunately in recent years poorly planned groups have had a huge negative impact on these mountains.
Don't be part of this unpopular minority!
LATEST FROM THE BLOG
For the first time in 113 years Ben Nevis has a weather station. The station is part of the National Centre for Atmospheric Science's (NCAS) "Operation Weather Rescue". This recent citizen science project aimed to digitise all the raw weather observations from the observatory which once stood on the summit of Ben Nevis. Between the _PHONE_ weather data was collected every hour of every day resulting in endless spread sheets of figures.
In the summer of 1881, Clement Lindley Wragge climbed the mountain daily to make initial observations, leading to the opening on 17 October 1883 of a permanent observatory. The building was manned full-time until 1904, when it was closed due to inadequate government funding. The twenty years of readings still provide the most comprehensive set of data on mountain weather in Great Britain.
The Ben Nevis weather observatory.
With the present day weather station it will be possible to compare the data from over 100 years ago. The old information is still useful because it can shed light on past storms in the Scottish Highlands as well as providing ongoing insights into how weather systems evolve as they pass over Scotland's largest mountains.
It is planned that the weather station will be removed in December and the results will be presented in the UKCP18 report which will detail projections of how the UK climate could change. Although temporary, NCAS hope to secure long term funding to place a permanent weather station on the summit of Ben Nevis.
The temporary weather station currently on Ben Nevis.
Would you like to see a permanent weather station on Ben Nevis? Comment with your views below.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text: The Conowingo Dam is a large hydroelectric dam in the lower Susquehanna River. The medium-height, masonry gravity dam is one of the largest non-federal hydroelectric dams in the U.S. Construction of the dam started in 1926. Completed in 1928 it was the second largest hydroelectric project by power output in the United States, behind only Niagara Falls. The area below the dam is excellent for birdwatching. At least 170 species of birds have been observed and recorded at the dam. Large groups of Great Blue Heron and Bald Eagle sometimes well over 100 of each species, have been observed at the dam. The largest numbers of eagles are present in November, and the largest numbers of herons are present in the winter months.


text:
The following will allow you to operate the BO300 Blues Overdrive stompbox to its full potential:
1. Connect your guitar to the input jack of the BO300 using a 1/4" instrument cable.
2. Connect your amp to the output jack of the BO300 using a 1/4" instrument cable.
3. Use the LEVEL control to adjust the overall volume.
4. Use the TONE control to add tube-like warmth to the overall sound.
5. Use the GAIN control to adjust the amount of overdrive.
As always, experiment with the controls until the desired effect is achieved.


text:
experienced supervisor is the responsibility of the student's employer.
There are clearly advantages to online training of employees, particularly in respect to cost and time management. So what is reasonable to include in an online course, and how much time needs to be spent with a qualified trainer in person? My feeling is that 32 hours of online training covering the mandatory topics and eight hours of hands-on training is reasonable. The hands-on portion should include, at minimum, the following: donning and doffing personal protective equipment, working with monitoring equipment, practice/demonstration of sampling techniques, and a question-and-answer period.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The definition of deem is to believe or judge.(verb)
An example of deem is thinking a child has done something wrong when they have a guilty look on their face.
See deem in Webster's New World College Dictionary
transitive verb, intransitive verb
Origin: ME deman < OE deman, to judge, decree < base of dom, doom
See deem in American Heritage Dictionary 4
verb deemed, deem·ing, deems verb, transitive
Origin: Middle English demen
Origin:, from Old English dēman; see dhēin Indo-European roots.
Learn more about deem


Top 4 Ways To Recover A Water Damaged Phone
Top 4 Ways To Recover A Water Damaged Phone
Dropping phones in water in today generation is common things.Today article I will show you how to repair a water damaged phone.You will be going to learn top 10ways to repair your water damaged phone.
1.Use Rice
The rice is in first place because rice is a best thing that observing water.If your phone is dropped in water then place your phone in the rice bag for 4days then your phone will be back to normal condition because the rice will absorb all the water your phone absorbed.
2.Use Hairdryer
Probably if your phone is just dropped in water and you pulled instantly then a hair dryer can help you.Put your hair dryer on hot air mode then give hot air to your phone for 1hr.Then Give time to your phone for cool down.Then power on your phone you will see it is back to normal.But you will notice that some decrease brightness on your phone due to hot air pressure but that change is not noticeable.
3.Use Sun
If you don't have hairdryer then use the sun as natural heat put your phone in front of sun it is better to disassemble your phone and put in front of the sun.Make sure you are not going to put your battery because battery never damages due to water.If you put your battery in front of the sun then your battery will damage.
4.Use Gas Stove
Gas stove is powerful heat machine.Disassemble your phone and put 15cm away from the gas stove.Then your phone will dry.
conclusion
After dropping your phone into water remove instantly phone battery.Don't give power instantly because may be your phone hardware will damage and it will cause to permanent damage of your phone.
if you have any doubt then plz leave a comment in the comment section.
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text:
|Conducting Needs Assessment|
|Framework for Program Development|
|The Logic Model for Extension|
Developing and conducting research-based educational programs that result in a demonstrated impact on clients is the premise of extension work.
Planning extension programs offer an opportunity to learn more about our communities and set our work's direction. Planning programs is about understanding our community situation. This involves identifying community needs and assets, and identifying priorities.
The program design includes planning the learning environment and experience through conceptualizing change and selecting program activities to achieve desired results.
Learn more about extension program development by accessing the following resources:
The LSU AgCenter and the LSU College of Agriculture


text:
Step #1: Measure wire for the pendant.PrevNext
- Using square wire, form a loose loop around the stone that is 3⁄4" to 1" away from the stone all around. Cut at intersection of the loop. Or, using tape measure, find the circumference of the stone, add 3", and cut.
- This is your template for cutting the rest of the wire needed (at least 4 pieces this size) for the wrap. If working with a thicker stone, you'll need more wires. This group of wires is called the bundle.
Step #2: Wrap the stone.PrevNext
- Cut about 8" of half-round wire. You'll make more of these cuts later. Line up the square wire to form a flat sheet. All should curve in the same direction. This inside curve will be the "inside" of your piece.
- Making sure the flat side of the half-round is against the bundle of square wire, wrap 5–7 times (or more for a larger stone) around the bundle. This is called the wrap. It should be evenly wound and smooth, and loose enough to slide along the bundle.
- Cut loose ends of the half-round wire on inside curve of the bundle. The stone, once placed, will hold these ends in place, preventing them from unwinding. Start next wrap near previous one. This will work as a clamp to hold the bundle wires in line.
- Depending on the size and shape of your stone, you will need at least 4 of these wraps. To make wrapping easier, place them close together, and slide them into place later while shaping the wrapped bundle to fit your stone.
Step #3: Shape the wrapped bundle.PrevNext
- Find the bottom center of your stone, and moving the wraps into their proper places, bend the wrapped bundle with your fingers. Check the shape and location of wraps against the stone. Move the wraps to where they will best support the stone. This should be a loose fit with approximately 1/8" of room around the piece you are wrapping.
- Move the top 2 wraps to meet at the top of the stone. This will form the measuring point for the first bends in forming the bail. The bail is the top of the piece, which allows it to hang on a chain or cord.
Step #4: Close the circle.PrevNext
- After making sure the wrapped bundle is the proper size and shape, place your chain-nose pliers on one of the top wraps, and bend the unwrapped portion 90 degrees upward with your fingers. Repeat on the other side. Gently straighten the loose wires so that the 2 bent sections meet smoothly in the middle. You should now have something that looks like a bubble-blowing wand.
- Move one of the wires on the outside edge of the combined bundle and twist it slightly with the pin vise. This will harden the wire, making it stronger to contain the wire bundle without slipping.
- Wrap this wire 3 times around the bundle to secure the lower section of the piece, and leave the end uncut for now (you'll use it to wrap the bottom of the bail). Give these wraps a slight pinch with pliers to tighten them in place.
Step #5: Make the bail.PrevNext
- Determine which side is the front of your piece, and bend the front-most wires down 90 degrees toward the front. These front wires will be used for decorations to be added later. This junction of wires will also be a measuring point for the bail construction. Leave 4 or 5 wires unbent, for the bail.
- With pliers, fan remaining wires into a smooth row of 4 or 5. Place pliers approximately 3⁄4" up from the intersection of wrapped wires, and bend the bail wire forward 90 degrees.
- Reposition pliers to other side of first bend, and bend wires downward into a U. Width of the bail top is determined by width of the plier jaws. Place pliers into the junction point formed by the bottom bail wrap. Firmly grasping the sides of the bail, bend the wires upward 90 degrees. This is a hard bend.
- Reposition pliers slightly above previous bend and turn wires 90 degrees under. This is a very hard bend, so anchor work firmly between thumb and forefinger. This bend brings all wires roughly parallel to the original bundle of bail wires.
Step #6: Cut the wires.PrevNext
- Clip extra bail wires off where decoration wires are pulled down. The cut wires should run parallel to the back of the bail and tuck above the junction of wires.
- Continue wrapping upwards with existing wrap wire, or twist a new one from decoration wires. Wrap tightly to "chin" of bail and clip off — leave no hanging wire. Fan the bail to even out inconsistencies.
Step #7: Set the stone.PrevNext
- With your fingers, bend the wires on the back of the piece inward to form the place where your stone will rest, forming the back of the piece. Place the stone into the setting, and gently bend the wires on the front of the piece to hold the stone in place. The stone will fit very loosely into the setting.
- Using pliers, gently turn each wire on the back of the piece to hold the stone tightly in the setting. Be sure pliers are on the square sides of the wire to prevent nicks. Turn front wires in sequence from the inside of the wrap outwards, always turning in the same direction. Placement of the next bend is determined by the inside curve of the previous bend.


text:
Hesper Black (née Gamp) (fl. _PHONE_) was a pure-blood witch who married Sirius Black II. The couple had three children together: Arcturus, Lycoris, and Regulus.
She was a grandmother of Orion Black and Lucretia Black.
Hesper is an English variation of the name Esther, which is believed to be derived from the Persian word for "star," possibly an allusion to the naming pattern of the family she married into.
The Book of Esther in the Old Testament tells the story of Queen Esther, the Jewish wife of the king of Persia who saved her people from extermination.
There was also one Esther by birth in the Black family – Hester Black.
Behind the scenes
Notes and references


text:
Mental health factors like stress, anxiety and depression contribute to disabilities, productivity losses and absences. Physical wellbeing and mental health are intertwined, therefore, both are necessary for recovery from injury and illness. In this session at the 2016 National Workers' Compensation & Disability Conference, presenters discussed current research related to the topic and provided examples on how to help employees remain productive by addressing mental-health challenges.
- Scott Daniels, Director of Disability Global Benefits at Comcast
- Hilary Mitchell, Director of Employee Health Services at Pitney Bowes
- Kimberly George, Senior Vice President, Corporate Development, M&A and Healthcare at Sedgwick
The Research Shows:
- Mental health accounts for $179 billion in healthcare costs.
- 18% of adults have one or more anxiety disorder, such as stress, in any given year.
- Mental health is one of the top-three reasons for employee absences.
- Employees are two-to-six times more likely to have an workers' compensation claim if they are suffering from stress.
Comcast Case Study:
Comcast's approach to behavioral health was less about generating claims ROI and more about the employee experience. They took a look at the different stressors that their employees encounter, which are very different based on different divisions of the company that can range from cable to theme parks. Finally, they found a direct correlation between employee health and the customer experience. With customer service at the forefront of their corporate goals, they knew they needed a change.
Once Comcast analyzed claims trends, they knew they had a problem. Mental health was driving the majority of their disability claims. Upon review, they found employees were receiving inadequate treatment (employees were not receiving access to the right specialists), incomplete clinical information was creating a negative experience, they were lacking return-to-work goals and employees were receiving delayed referrals.
They were able to facilitate faster return to good health and return to work through four major strategies:
- Made a behavioral health specialist a requirement if an employee was going to file a disability claim.
- Covered co-pay costs to behavioral health specialist to remove barriers to treatment.
- Heavily leveraged their EAP partners to assist with the claims process and help the providers quickly complete paperwork.
- Provided free sessions through EAP partners for employees and family members while they are going through the claims process.
Pitney Bowes Case Study:
As a mail machine company, Pitney Bowes' work has changed over the years due to technological advances. Factory workers saw their work declining, tech workers saw their work increasing. As innovation came to Pitney Bowes, they realized that their employee population had changed, therefore, their mental-health delivery methods needed to change. Mental health was the top reason for their long-term disability claims.
As a result, they created a multi-prong approach where mental health was integrated into their healthy rewards programs, treatment programs and on-site resources like nutritionists and clinicians.
- They created five free employee clinics staffed with nurse practitioners and onsite EAP. They found that their highest uses of EAP is at the locations that have on-site offerings.
- Offered onsite/offsite psychologists available for executive management use.
- Provided an in-house disability department to address joint review of mental health/substance claims and to provide depression screening questions at claim intake.
- Offered a facilitated telephonic-guided meditation program.
- Provided online resilience training to improve outcomes in stress management and well being.


text:
AirAsia X is currently training aircrew for charter flights (commencing in December) to Xining Airport, an airfield in China situated at 7,165ft (2,184m) above sea level. The highest altitude airport that the airline presently flies to is located in Kathmandu in Nepal, and it's only 4,390ft (1,338m) above sea level!
Xining, the capital of Qinghai province in western China and the largest city in the Tibetan Plateau, was a commercial hub along the northern Silk Road for more than 2,000 years and continues to be well-known today. The city is now widely considered the perfect summer resort for locals and tourists alike, especially those visiting the Dongguan Grand Mosque, which showcases an exquisite blend of Chinese and Islamic architecture. The mosque is one of Xining's main draws, and contributes to the gradual increase of air traffic in recent times. A similar scenario is taking place around the world, where high altitude destinations are gaining popularity in commercial air travel.
However, to operate into a high elevation airfield like Xining, it is imperative that the flight crew is well trained to handle the surroundings and circumstances that are unique to high altitude flights. There are various issues that a pilot must be aware of to ensure safe and efficient flight operations.
AIR & SPACE
At higher elevations, the plane encounters lower air density. This affects the amount of lift generated by the wings and subsequently, the aircraft's aerodynamic and engine performance.
One of the most noticeable effects of low air density is the longer take-off run that airplanes require; the runways at high altitude airports therefore need to be longer than usual. For instance, the longest runway at sea level at the John F. Kennedy (JFK) Airport, New York City, is 14,511ft (4,423m), whereas the runway at Qamdo Bamda Airport in Tibet, China, which is located at an altitude of 14,219ft (4,334m) stretches some 18,045ft (5,500m). This very high airport in China was constructed to reduce travel time from Chengdu – from two days by bus to about one hour by air! Although Qamdo Bamda Airport occupied the top spot as the highest airport in the world until it was superseded by Daocheng Yading Airport in 2013, it is still home to the longest commercially-used paved runway in the world.
EFFECTS OF HYPOXIA
It is important for aircrew to understand the effects of hypoxia to efficiently operate flights to high elevation airports. Hypoxia is a condition caused by insufficient oxygen to the body tissue and cells. Pilots are trained to recognise the symptoms that indicate the onset of subtle incapacitation (a stage whereby the crew is considered unfit to perform their relevant flying duties), which accompanies hypoxia.
Many years ago, during my flying training days in the UK, every trainee pilot was placed inside a decompression chamber to experience the effects of hypoxia, and how it affects a pilot's performance. Inside this capsule-shaped chamber, the level of oxygen was reduced to simulate the effects of high altitude on the human body.
At first, before a climb to the desired altitude was simulated, we wore oxygen masks so that the nitrogen would be removed from our bloodstream; this was necessary to eliminate the possibility of decompression sickness, which can happen when sudden decompression sets off nitrogen bubbles in the body's tissue, causing muscle pains, nausea and even paralysis. With masks still in place, the atmospheric pressure inside the chamber was then gradually reduced to simulate a high altitude. We were then instructed to remove our oxygen masks so that we could experience the symptoms of hypoxia.
An aviation medical doctor, who retained his oxygen mask throughout the exercise, was also present inside the chamber to place our masks back on in case any of us trainees passed out. There were also observers outside the chamber who monitored our response to the simulation via closed circuit television and viewing ports.
After we removed our oxygen masks, the supervising doctor requested that we perform trivial tasks such as simple arithmetic like addition and subtraction, and signing our name. I found all of the tasks easy to perform and was rather pleased with myself that I was able to complete everything effortlessly.
It was only when we completed our exercise and stepped out of the decompression chamber that we discovered, to our utmost surprise, that the records by the observers outside showed that we had taken a prolonged amount of time to complete our menial tasks, and our signature that we thought was perfect turned out to be scribbles! And all the while we were inside the chamber, we had been totally unaware of our minor incapacitation. So, not only had we blundered through the exercise, we had also all along been under the false impression that we had performed well, when the actual truth was far from it!
LOW ON OXYGEN
So, what had happened? It turns out that we had almost exceeded our Time of Useful Consciousness (TUC) at that particular altitude. The TUC is the amount of time an individual is able to perform flying duties efficiently in an environment of inadequate oxygen. Applying this to our decompression chamber exercise, this meant that as we were exposed to an increasingly oxygen deficient environment, our proper functioning capability decreased, and we were no longer capable of taking appropriate corrective actions. For example, the TUC at 15,000ft (4,572m) above sea level is about 30 minutes, but at 35,000ft (10,668m), it is a mere 30 to 60 seconds! What's more, the TUC may further narrow when it comes to smokers.
In an actual flight, this scenario is averted as the aircrew is trained to recognise the possible onset of hypoxia, and is therefore required to wear their oxygen masks to avoid being affected, especially during an emergency descent.
As more and more high altitude destinations in the world become part and parcel of everyday air travel, the airline industry is diligent in ensuring that all pilots are adequately regulated and trained for high airport operations. The purpose of this is not only to achieve the shortest possible travel time to the world's top high altitude airports, it is also to guarantee an enjoyable, safe passage for passengers.
If you're a travel bug, you should definitely put these 'top of the world' airports at the top of your must-visit list. A good idea would be to drop by Xining first to acclimatise yourself to high altitude surroundings, before you set off on an adventure to Qamdo Bamda or Daocheng Yading in China.
With that, I wish you Happy Flying to these top of the world destinations!
Captain Lim Khoy Hing is a former AirAsia Airbus A320 and AirAsia X A330/A340 pilot who also used to fly the Boeing 777. He has logged a total of more than 25,500 flying hours and is now a Simulator Flight Instructor with AirAsia X. In his spare time, he shares his opinion on aviation issues with others. For more air travel and aviation stories, check out his website, 'Just About Flying' at _URL_.
Captain Lim's book, LIFE IN THE SKIES, which won third place in the Reader's Choice Award at the Malaysia BookFest 2015, and its Mandarin version 【飞行日记】 are now available for purchase onboard all AirAsia and AirAsia X flights. Pre-book your copy at _URL_. Enjoy these great collections of articles by a veteran aviator.


Awards. Categories & Criteria. Destination Marketing
Destination Marketing
This category recognises creativity and innovation in fully integrated destination marketing activities. This category is open to Regional Tourism Organisations, Local Tourist Associations, Visitor Information Centres, local government and organisations that are marketing on behalf of a destination.
1. BACKGROUND (20 points)
Outline the rationale and objectives behind your marketing activity.
Tips: What were you trying to accomplish? You are encouraged to include measurable targets such as number of campaign partners, number of visitors, length of stay, regional dispersal, expenditure etc.
2. RESEARCH (25 points)
3. CREATIVITY (25 points)
4. EXECUTION (20 points)
Describe the marketing strategies used and detail the success and outcomes.
Tips: Include all forms of marketing – print, digital, broadcast, PR etc. Include how your activity has positively impacted on the destination and/or stakeholders within your region as well as the individual outcomes of each strategy. This should be linked to the objectives identified in Question 1.
5. EVALUATION (10 points)
Explain how you evaluated the success of your activities.
TIPS: Consider surveys, media monitoring, increase visitation.
Total score: 100 points. No visitation.
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Totenkopf Skull Badge for Cap Expand
Totenkopf Skull Badge for Cap
Totenkopf (i.e. skull, literally dead's head) is the German word for the skull and crossbones and death's head symbols. The Totenkopf symbol is an old international symbol for death, the defiance of death, danger, or the dead, as well as piracy.
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In the early days of the NSDAP, Julius Schreck, the leader of the Stabswache (Adolf Hitler's bodyguard unit), resurrected the use of the Totenkopf as the unit's insignia. This unit grew into the Schutzstaffel (SS), which continued to use the Totenkopf as insignia throughout its history. According to a writing by Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler the Totenkopf had the following meaning:
The Skull is the reminder that you shall always be willing to put your self at stake for the life of the whole community.
The Totenkopf was also used as the unit insignia of the Panzer forces of the German Heer (Army), and also by the Panzer units of the Luftwaffe, including those of the elite Fallschirm-Panzer Division 1 Hermann Göring.
Both the 3rd SS Panzer Division of the Waffen-SS, and the World War II era Luftwaffe's 54th Bomber Wing Kampfgeschwader 54 were given the unit name "Totenkopf", and used a strikingly similar-looking graphic skull-crossbones insignia as the SS units of the same name. The 3rd SS Panzer Division also had skull patches on their uniform collars instead of the SS sieg rune.
Cap and Helmet Badges


text:
usage (plural usages)
- The manner or the amount of using; use
- Habit or accepted practice
- (lexicography) The ways and contexts in which spoken and written words are used, determined by a lexicographer's intuition or from corpus analysis.
- Correct or proper use of language, proclaimed by some authority.
- Geographic, social, or temporal restrictions on the use of words.
the manner or the amount of using; use
habit or accepted practice
the way words are spoken or written in a community
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.
Translations to be checked
- "usage" in R.R.K. Hartmann and Gregory James, Dictionary of Lexicography, Routledge, 1998.
- Sydney I. Landau (2001), Dictionaries: The Art and Craft of Lexicography, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, p 217.
usage m (plural usages)
- usage, use
- (lexicography) The ways and contexts in which spoken and written words are actually used, determined by a lexicographer's intuition or from corpus analysis (as opposed to correct or proper use of language, proclaimed by some authority).
- "usage" in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).


text:
This beautiful set of sculptures consists of eight figures - a bear, an owl, a bird, a whale, a fish, an elephant, a mouse and a rabbit (measuring between 26-75mm high). Age 2+
These beautiful sculptures will charm the children with their tactile nature and are ideal for sensory play. The set consists of eight figures - a bear, an owl, a bird, a whale, a fish, an elephant, a mouse and a rabbit (measuring between 26-75mm high). Once discovered, the animals can be sorted and matched by different criteria including colour, habitat and characteristics, promoting language and discussion.
Why not explore and build habitats for the animals: a nest for the bird, a river for the fish, an icy ocean for the bear? Children will enjoy creating characters for each creature making the set ideal for storytelling activities and small world play.
These engaging animals will be a great springboard to learning more about life in the wild, what animals are in your own environment and how the children might better care for them. Age 2+


text:
In the previous blog post in this series, we looked at the integration between the Nutaq Model-Based Design Kit (MBDK) blocks and those from Nutaq's GNU Radio plug-in. Combined together, they provide an integrated model-based design and development environment for software-defined radio (SDR) applications targeting mixed architectures (general-purpose processors and FPGAs). Nutaq's model-based approach relaxes the requirements for staff to be qualified in VHDL and C software languages when working on wireless communication projects.
In the following examples, Nutaq MBDK blocks (green blocks), together with System Generator blocks (blue blocks) are used to generate a polyphase channelizer for the Nutaq PicoSDR platform. We can see that the Nutaq MBDK blocks are used alongside the Xilinx System Generator blocks in the same FPGA design. In-phase and quadrature components, sampled by the Radio420M, enter the FPGA interleaved, through the MBDK blocks, and flow through a channelizer.
On the PC side, the Radio420 Rx block (from Nutaq's GNU Radio plug-in) is dragged into the GNU Radio Companion flow graph and used to configure and calibrate the radio transceiver.
The settings for data rate and bandwidth, Tx and Rx carrier frequencies, Rx RF bandpass preselection filters, and gain for the various amplifiers in the Tx/Rx chains are configured from a GNU Radio flow graph.
Simulink enables the encapsulation of block groups behind a mask for organizing large flow graphs in sub-models. The Rx section and the polyphase channelizer section from the Simulink graphs (above) have been encapsulated in a Polyphase Channelizer mask. Additionally, sub-models for computing the per-channel magnitude and time-averaging have been implemented using blocks from the System Generator library.
As we see in the figure above, RTDEx bocks (Ch0 and Ch1) are used to stream the average magnitude to the PC for visualisation (using the GNU Radio spectrogram tools). Additionally, RTDEx bocks (Ch2 and Ch3) are used to stream two channels (UL_Channel and DL_Channel) at a full data rate back, to be plotted in the time domain.
User register blocks are added to the flow graph for controlling the design parameters in real time from GNU Radio. Parameters include the length (in samples) of the averaging applied to the fast Fourier transform (FFT) magnitude. The FFT index (bin number) for the two channels to be retransmitted to the PC can also be selected at run-time. You can observe the spectrogram for activity and switch to those channels for visualization of the full-rate time domain signal.
On the PC side, Custom Register (CR) blocks from the Nutaq's GNU Radio plug-in are used to write to those FPGA registers at run-time from the GNU Radio application.
The next figure shows the completed GNU Radio flow graph, which includes the Radio420 Rx configuration block, the RTDEx source blocks for receiving the data streams from the FPGA, and the customer register blocks for controlling the design parameters at run-time.
The final result is an FPGA implementation of a polyphase channelizer on the PicoSDR that can be controlled and operated from GNU Radio. The entire project was realized strictly with the Nutaq MBDK and System Generator (for implementing the FPGA design), and GNU Radio with Nutaq's GNU Radio plug-in (for implementing the PC application).
The following figure shows the application running.


text:
Soil Food and Health Internship 2013
Food Forest focus
Did you get what you came for?
After reading about forest gardens prior to embarking on my internship here at Koanga, I had a lot of theory and much less practical experience.
This forest garden internship has met my expectations in more ways than I thought. Although, I still had to spend time in the food and seed gardens for part of the week, there was heaps of practical application and time spent immersed in the forest garden and nursery. Within the 10 weeks, both theory and practical application enriched my understanding of the forest garden design process, especially pertaining to how to meet the nutritional needs of plants and trees within such a system without using chemical fertilizer applications, but using, essentially, companion planting instead.
After learning about how to find heritage seeds and trees, how to propagate by cuttings, get them to root and then grow the cuttings in starter beds, how to store scion wood, root stocks, tree guilds, forest mimicry, grafting, transplanting, nicking, budding, pruning and fertilizing (with minerals) I could grow just about anything I set my heart to!
The forest garden internship definitely provided me with a solid foundation to either take on an already existing project or establish my own project from scratch!
Thank you for all of the valuable information and experiences!
– Cody Kerr


text:
Radio music ripping
||This article needs additional citations for verification. (November 2008)|
The term ripping (slang term for digital media extraction) can also apply to radio. New software, techniques and cloud services now makes it possible to extract the songs played on the radio and digitally save them on separate audio tracks. Available techniques make it possible to rip the music from Internet radio broadcasts, satellite radio broadcasts and FM radio broadcasts.
Ripping is more than simply recording the audio. The key aspect of ripping is disambiguation. When ripping songs from any source, the songs should be split into separate tracks or files, and the songs should be tagged. Otherwise, you are simply recording or dubbing the audio.
Internet radio
Popular audio formats for internet radio include AAC, AAC+, and MP3. Many AM/FM stations simulcast online use the more efficient AAC format while internet only stations more typically use MP3. The Shoutcast database featured 34,281 online radio stations covering almost every conceivable music genre.
Cloud recording services such as DAR.fm can record from all of these formats. Most PC based internet radio ripping software is built for Shoutcast-style of streams as this MP3 based protocol offers the widest selection of internet radio stations. Such wide selection of music is one of the major advantages for recording songs from internet radio compared to FM and satellite radio as well as the fact that it works with cloud services that do not require a separate audio receiver. The disadvantages may include fairly low audio quality in the saved mp3s, which varies from stream to stream.
To begin the recording process, the software connects to the audio stream over TCP. The stream is then buffered 15–30 seconds ahead. Some internet radio ripping software, utilize special metadata that is being broadcast along with actual song content. These programs are generally more successful in determining the boundaries of songs (providing for a cleaner mp3 cut) as well as correctly identifying the song in question. Such metadata, however, is available for only a subset of internet radio stations, commonly associated with the Shoutcast standard. The existence of open directories of Shoutcast-compliant radio stations such as Shoutcast enables internet radio rippers to provide an abundant selection of recordable radio stations that are reasonably expected to emit detailed song metadata. The metadata also helps avoiding commercials from being recorded along with the songs.
Satellite radio
TimeTrax has developed software that can record the audio broadcast on XM satellite radio. The software saves songs as individual MP3 files after identifying the name and the artist. TimeTrax is both a software and hardware solution: the TimeTrax software can interface with any PC-compatible satellite receiver, and the adapter box is necessary to allow certain receivers to interface with a PC.
The XM PCR was the first device to allow audio stream ripping from XM radio. The device itself is simple enough: an XM "can" (the actual receiver and decoding hardware) is enclosed in a box with a USB interface chip and audio connector. The PCR plugs into a PC USB port and line-in jack. TimeTrax, or some other similar software, then controls the radio and records the incoming audio. After a legal battle, the TimeTrax software is no longer being sold.
To end the problem for good, XM discontinued the XM PCR receiver. However, TimeTrax almost immediately released a hardware companion product that turned virtually any device capable of receiving XM satellite radio AND its primary competitor at the time, Sirius Satellite Radio. Timetrax went on to also include the ability to rip and tag music from the online music streaming services that were being provided by both XM and Sirius.
Notably, TimeTrax went on to extend its technology in a seamless package for FM radio, and further, any music source. It developed this portion of its technology hardware and software offering with Swedish company PopCatcher. TimeTrax was the first company that offered music ripping (aka audio disambiguation, ripping and tagging, de-aggregation) for the 3 largest and widespread music distribution methods: satellite radio, Internet streaming and traditional broadcast.
The original TimeTrax software was developed by Scott MacLean, a Canadian citizen. It went viral and a corporation and formal management team along with funding were brought in the form the enterprise around MacLean's discovery. The company was led by business executive Elliott Frutkin.
FM radio
There are three ways of ripping songs from an FM broadcast.
Radio Data System
Some FM receivers are capable of receiving a data stream known as Radio Data System or RDS. This provides artist and title information that can be shown on the display of a compatible FM receiver. A compatible receiver, connected to the computer, can tag saved audio streams with this data. The disadvantage of RDS is that the title may change before or after the song itself changes, causing the recording process to miss part of the beginning or end of the song.
In the near future RDS will include a new feature called RT+ or Radio Text Plus. As well as providing discrete text fields for Artist, Album & Track Title, RT+ includes 'item running' and 'item toggle' bits which can be used to accurately mark the track transitions and DJ/commercial interruptions, aiding the process of recording, filenaming and ID3 tagging.
Separating music from non-music
Swedish company PopCatcher has patented a technology that enables distinguishing between music, chatter and commercials. It is a self-learning process that first identifies the broadcasting habits of a given radio station. PopCatcher is designed to automatically exclude commercials and DJ patter from the recording, which results in "cleaner" audio files. The process is fully independent from the Internet. However, it does not recognize the names and the artists of the recorded songs.
Manual tagging
Certain recording packages allow you to set markers in the file, which you can use later to split the file into separate tracks. This process can be tedious and time consuming, but has the advantage of being the only truly reliable way to ensure that the song is captured as accurately as possible without cutting off the beginning or end of a track.
Legal issues
This expanding way of ripping music may lead to 'strong legal debates' in a near future, even if it is permitted to record music from the radio for private use in most countries. In Germany it is allowed. There even is a campaign to put focus on it. It's called TauschNix, which in essence stands for: no need to download via filesharing. See link below.
European context
The EU passed in May 2001 the Information Society Directive which has since then been transposed into the national laws of most of the Member States. Article 5 – 2/b of the directive states that "[Member States may provide for exceptions or limitations to the reproduction right provided for] in respect of reproductions on any medium made by a natural person for private use and for ends that are neither directly nor indirectly commercial, on condition that the rightholders receive fair compensation which takes account of the application or non-application of technological measures referred to in Article 6 [ie. Digital Rights Management ] to the work or subject-matter concerned".
In short, copying music from the radio for private use is permissible if the artists receive a "fair compensation". In case of a lawsuit against radio music ripping technologies, the whole debate will be about the meaning of the term "fair compensation". It can be argued that Radio stations are already paying a "fair compensation" to artists as they know their songs might be copied. Moreover, in an increasing number of EU member states, importers are charged a private copying levy on the purchase of recordable media (mp3 players, writable CDs or DVDs). The tax or levy is usually administrated by copyright collectives. However, at the time of digital copies, the outcome of such a lawsuit is far from being certain if it should occur.
UK context
Beginning in 1981, the British Phonographic Industry began a campaign against so-called "home taping", or recording songs from the radio onto cassettes, due to fears that home taping would decrease album sales. Iconic of the campaign is a picture of the silhouette of a cassette tape, with two crossed bones underneath, with the words "HOME TAPING IS KILLING MUSIC" written across the top, and the words "AND IT'S ILLEGAL" printed in smaller letters at the bottom.
US context
The doctrine of fair use should make it legal to record songs from the radio for private use.[original research?] Traditionally, the recording industry expressed little or no concern with individuals who recorded music from the radio on a cassette recorder. However, the digital format in this case changes the whole issue since it does not degrade over time and can be easily copied.
That PopCatcher has developed a technology that automatically removes commercials may lead to a legal case similar to ReplayTV's and SonicBlue's. In 2001 these DVR manufacturers had issued a Digital Video Recorder equipped with a Commercial Advance feature enabling the automatic removing of commercials from recorded programming. They were sued by 28 companies of the Entertainment Industry in the USA until they ran out of money to pay the expensive litigation. In 2003, they filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. The case itself has never been judged.
The Audio Home Recording Act also lays out certain legal rights on the part of consumers.
- "Shoutcast internet radio station database". Retrieved May 14, 2010.
- "DAR radio recording service". Retrieved Oct 27, 2011.
- "RadioGet internet radio recorder". Retrieved May 14, 2010.
- "RadioTracker internet radio recorder". Retrieved May 14, 2010.
- "StreamRipper Open Source Internet Radio Recorder".
- "Total Recorder internet radio recorder".


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To improve the load-carrying capacity of steel structures there are mainly two methods of using cover-plate which are the preflex method and multi-stepwise thermal prestressing method. However a prestress applied to the top flange of H beam is less than the bottom flange because these two methods have small eccentricity. It is necessary to develop an advanced feature of prestressing method which efficiently increases load-carrying capacity and prestressing efficiency. Therefore this study proposes a cover-plate prestressing method with increased sectional stiffness and prestressing efficiency, called multi-stepwise thermal prestressing with steel brackets. To evaluate the prestressing efficiency and load-carrying capacity of the proposed method, prestressing application tests and static loading tests were conducted on three H beams. The multi-stepwise thermal prestressing method with the steel brackets had higher displacement induced to the H beam and higher tensile stress in the top flange than in a case without the steel brackets. Also, when prestress is applied, the tensile stress in the cover-plate significantly decreased with the installation of the steel brackets. The static loading tests showed that the installation of the brackets increased the stiffness, the yield load, and ultimate load of the structure, compared with an unreinforced girder, which meant higher load-carrying capacity than a conventional thermal prestressed structure without brackets.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Civil and Structural Engineering
- Building and Construction
- Mechanics of Materials
- Metals and Alloys


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Original article
Chronic bronchitis incidence in the extended cohort of Mayak workers first employed during 1948–1982
 1. TV Azizova1,
 2. GV Zhuntova1,
 3. RGE Haylock2,
 4. MB Moseeva1,
 5. ES Grigoryeva1,
 6. MV Bannikova1,
 7. ZD Belyaeva1,
 8. EV Bragin1
 1. 1Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk Region, Russia
 2. 2Public Health of England, Chilton, UK
 1. Correspondence to Dr TV Azizova, Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Ozyorskoe Shosse 19, Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk Region 456780, Russia; clinic{at}subi.su
Abstract
Objectives This paper describes findings from the study of chronic bronchitis (CB) incidence after occupational exposure to ionising radiation among workers employed at Russian Mayak Production Association (PA) during 1948 and 1982 and followed up until 2008 based on 'Mayak Worker Dosimetry System 2008'.
Methods Analyses were based on 2135 verified cases among 21 417 workers. Rate ratios (RR) were estimated by categorical analysis for non-radiation and radiation factors. Excess rate ratios per Gy (ERR/Gy) of external or internal exposures with adjustments via stratification on other factors were calculated.
Results The interesting finding in relation to non-radiation factors was a sharp increase in the RR for CB incidence before 1960, which could be caused by a number of factors. Analyses restricted to the follow-up after 1960 revealed statistically significant associations of the CB incidence and external γ-ray radiation, ERR/Gy=0.14 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.28) having adjusted for sex, attained age, calendar period, plant, smoking status and lung α-particle dose, and internal α-particle radiation, ERR/Gy=1.14 (95% CI 0.41 to 2.18) having adjusted for sex, attained age, calendar period, plant, smoking status and lung γ-ray dose and ERR/Gy=1.19 (95% CI 0.32 to 2.53) having additionally adjusted for pre-employment occupational hazards and smoking index instead of smoking status.
Conclusions Analyses of CB incidence in the study cohort identified positive significant association with occupational exposure to radiation: however, there are no similar studies of CB incidence in relation to radiation in other cohorts to date with which a meaningful comparison of the results could be made.
 - chronic bronchitis incidence
 - Mayak Production Association
 - nuclear workers
 - occupational hazards
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Welcome to the Course
"Forcing at successors of singular cardinals and the search of new forcing axioms"!
Here's how it works. The course consists of 7 video lectures (each around 40 minutes long). The videos are accompanied by PDF course material. The material is not designed to be read independently of the lectures, but you are free to try to do so, if you want. The material can be read either during or after the corresponding lecture. The benefits of a video lecture includes the flexibility to stop the video whenever something is unclear and check the notes in between, so have fun!
Each lecture contains exercises which are clearly listed in the end of the corresponding sections in the lecture notes. Ideally, try to solve the exercises before going to the next lecture. Remember that trying is more important than solving!
You can also download the entire material as a single PDF file HERE.
Start by watching the 7-minute intro below!


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The government has imposed a 17 percent sales tax on supplies to hospitals, has increased the operational cost of hospitals and medical treatment.
Presentation was given by the leading hospitals to the Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) Chairman disclosed that the omission of entry number 52-A from the Sixth Schedule of the Sales Tax Act, 1990 has changed the entire scene of the hospital sector whose supplies are slapped with the levy of sales tax.
The charge of sales tax on supplies to hospitals could increase the operational cost of a hospital and other medical services.
Due to this, the hospitals' representatives explained, the essential supplies to the hospitals including equipment, consumables like syringes, needles, sutures, staples, packaging, tubing, catheters, medical glove, gowns, masks, adhesives, x-ray films, stores/parts, and other devices and tools used in hospitals or surgical environments have become chargeable to sales tax at the standard rate of 17 percent along with further sales tax at the rate of three percent.
Hospitals' representatives said, the private sector covers approximately 70 percent of the population in Pakistan. Private sector healthcare contribution in Pakistan is based on funding through donations, zakat, and charity. While omitting entry number 52-A of the Sixth Schedule, This harmful effect on the healthcare system was somehow overlooked.
Hospitals, therefore, requested to take appropriate measures to restore the position prevailing prior to the referred amendment in Sales Tax Act, 1990 to safeguard the basic rights of the healthcare sector.
The hospitals' representatives explained, that the hospitals as a health service providers for the sales tax purpose are covered under the jurisdiction of provincial sales tax authorities and they are not liable to be registered since the health services are not liable to sales tax in any of the provincial sales tax statutes. So, the charge of sales tax on supplies of equipment and consumables and then payment neither can be adjusted nor refunded and thus will include in cost price.
Source: propakistani.pk on Feb 17, 2022


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Black racers are a common species of snake that lives in North and Central America. They are also known as "eastern racers," though they do not only live in eastern North America.
These snakes live throughout the United States, with the exception of large portions of the Midwest. There are several different subspecies of black racer, and not all subspecies are black! Read on to learn about the black racer.
Description of the Black Racer
The appearance of this snake species varies based on the region. All of the subspecies have rather shiny scales, but their color varies from black and gray, to bluish and brown.
The young, juvenile snakes have patterns across their scales, usually in red or brown. Once the young snakes reach 30 in. long they usually lose these patterns and assume a more uniform color. Adults grow up to 5 feet long, and weigh a little over a pound.
Interesting Facts About the Black Racer
Because these snakes are so common, they are relatively well-known creatures. While many people can identify black racers, far fewer know much more about these snakes.
- Coluber constrictor – Despite their species name of "constrictor," these snakes are not particularly constrictor-like. Other constrictors wrap their muscular bodies around their prey, and squeeze to suffocate them. Black racers do not constrict their prey.
- Nonvenomous – While they do not constrict their prey, they also do not use venom to subdue potential meals. Black racers are not venomous, and while their sharp teeth might hurt, they do not have the dangerous venom of some other species.
- Group Egg Laying – Most racers find a nice secluded space to lay their eggs, like an old log or a pile of rotting leaves. However, some racers lay eggs in large, communal nests. In fact, researchers found a single communal nest on one occasion with over 300 eggs inside!
- Spook Snake – Like many other species of snakes, black racers use a number of different methods while attempting to escape predators. If they cannot swiftly escape into a nearby bush or rock pile, they will coil their bodies and rattle their tails. They do not have rattles, like the venomous rattlesnake does, but if they shake their tail in dry leaves or branches the sound is quite similar and scares away predators.
Habitat of the Black Racer
Black racers live in a variety of different ecosystems within their range. Because they live in so many different areas, they must be flexible to survive. Some of their favorite habitats are grasslands and fields, open woodlands, and the edges of forests.
They also live in swamps, marshes, along the edges of lakes, and more. Because they live in northern portions of the United States, they frequently encounter cold seasons. During these times they retreat to the safety of the dense vegetation and go into a hibernation-like state.
Distribution of the Black Racer
This species of snake has a relatively large range. They live as far north as southern Canada, and as far south as Guatemala. In the United States, they live along both the East Coast and the West Coast, with their only absence in the Midwest. They also spread down from Texas into portions of Mexico and into Guatemala. Different regions commonly have different subspecies of racers.
Diet of the Black Racer
Like most snakes, black racers are carnivorous, which means they eat meat. Their diet depends on their age and location. Younger snakes frequently prey on lizards, small snakes, frogs, insects, and small rodents.
Adults eat all of the above, and also feed on small birds, eggs, squirrels, rats, mice, small rabbits, and more. Instead of squeezing their food like a constrictor, these snakes simply hold their prey down so that they can swallow it whole.
Black Racer and Human Interaction
Because racers live in urban and agricultural areas, they run across the path of humans pretty frequently. However, black racers are not dangerous to humans in the slightest. In fact, they pose no threat to humans in any way, and usually attempt to flee if confronted. Additionally, these snakes hunt pesky animals like mice and rats, making them beneficial to people.
Humans have not domesticated racer snakes in any way.
Does the Black Racer Make a Good Pet
Unlike some other species of snakes, racers do not make good pets. They are not particularly docile animals, and rarely become accustomed to handling. These snakes are accustomed to traveling long distances, so they do not thrive in small habitats.
Black Racer Care
In a zoological setting, zookeepers handle racers infrequently to reduce stress. They keep them in relatively large habitats for their size, because they are active snakes. Feeding them is relatively simple, because they eat small rodents in the wild. Like any other reptile, racers also need a light source and a heat source to thrive.
Behavior of the Black Racer
These snakes usually cruise along at approximately 4 mph, and search for potential prey. They commonly hide in burrows, rotten logs, rock crevices, and other hidden areas. These snakes use their eyesight and sense of smell to search for prey and watch for predators.
When threatened, these snakes flee quickly to cover. If cornered, they coil up, rattle their tails, and strike. Also, they writhe around if grabbed.
Reproduction of the Black Racer
Black racers breed in spring and lay their eggs in summer. A typical batch of eggs, called a "clutch," can contain anywhere from 3 to 32 eggs. The sun incubates the eggs, and they usually hatch within a month or two.
Young snakes are up to 2 feet long at hatching, and do not receive any maternal care. they reach sexual maturity anywhere between 1 and 3 years of age.


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It is a suite of programs for verifying and calibrating vibration sensors, including side vibration. The programs fully automate measurement, including printing reports. They also provide calibration of the standard through comparation with laser interferometer. The data are measured by instruments on the IEEE488 bus.
The set includes the following programs:
Calibrator measurement program
A standard sensor calibrator is connected to a Keithley 2001 voltmeter that measures the RMS output signal and the frequency of the output signal. Voltmeter is controlled by IEE488 (GP-IB) bus and Keithley interface board from HP Vectra PC. The measurement is performed several times, then the evaluation is performed and the calibration protocol is printed.
Program for calibration of sensors by comparative method
The standard sensor calibrator and the measured sensor are connected to the Brűel & Kjaer Type 1050 generator. The signal from the standard sensor is measured by a Keithley 2001 voltmeter that measures the RMS value and frequency of the output signal. The signal from the calibrated sensor is measured by the HP34401A voltmeter. Both voltmeters and generator are controlled by IEE488 bus and Keithley interface board from HP Vectra PC. Before the measurement, the vibrations are set to be at the specified frequency and, according to the signal from the standard sensor, the amplitude is adjusted so that it lies within the specified tolerance (0-10%) around the specified value. The measurement is performed several times, after the evaluation is performed and the calibration protocol is printed.
This program can perform automatic sensor calibration. Semi-automatic sensor calibration without electrical output, ie. the possibility of manually entering values red manually from the calibrated sensor, and the possibility of calibrating the vibrometers are included, too.
Program for calibration of sensors using laser interferometer
The standard sensor calibrator and the measured sensor are connected to the Brűel&Kjaer Type 1050 Genarator. The output signal frequency f1 is measured by the HP 53131A counter. This counter also measures the frequency ratio fF / f1, where fF is the frequency from the photodetector. Both the voltmeters and the generator are controlled by the IEE488 bus and the Keithley interface board from the HP Vectra PC.
All programs are created in the TestPoint development environment.
More information request here.


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Photo by Brad Otto
One of the world's most technologically advanced floating nautical survey platforms has been anchored off Birch Bay for the past few weeks collecting data to update national nautical charts.
The Rainier, one of the research ships in the Pacific fleet of the National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration (NOAA), is in the middle of a mission collecting data to update NOAA's nautical charts for the Strait of Georgia. Its work will eventually take it up the coast of Alaska.
The data will provide more information on the shoals in the vicinity of Cherry Point, which is the largest tanker port in Washington. This information will be helpful to the Puget Sound pilots who steer large tankers through the sound and the Strait of Georgia. The area has seen changes in vessel traffic recently due to the increased capacity of the facilities at Cherry Point, according to the NOAA website for the ship.
The Rainier, originally launched in 1967, is 231 feet long and weighs about 1,500 tons. It can house a total of 25 crew members and stay at sea for 22 days at a time. For more information on the Rainier, visit the ship's website.


I'm not certain that "composite" is the right word for this; I've seen blogs tutorials and books that seem to link prior beliefs together. Consider MTCARS data, where miles per gallon (mpg) has a linear relationship with engine displacement, depicted by the equation m = B*x +a where m represents mpg, B the slope, x the input variable displacement, and a (or B0) the y-intercept.
I'm following this blog by Jesse Fagan, Suppose that:
mpg ~Normal(mu=m,sigma=s)
B ~Normal(mu=0,sigma=2)
a ~Normal(mu=18,sigma=3)
s ~Unif(start=0,stop=20)
I'm not an R programmer, however, I'm quite familiar with python. Due to the R code, I'm not certain what's happening in each step. Big picture, I understand that this code accomplishes a grid search. However, I'd like to know explicitly which PDFs are priors and which are likelihoods.
It's my understanding that mpg is the likelihood whereas B, a, and s are the priors. Likewise, I understand the "composite prior" to use my vocabulary, to be the product of B,s, and a. Again, due to the R code, I'm not 100% confident in this belief and would like affirmation or correction.
Thank you!
Maybe using a (similar) notation would be helpful. Assuming that we have a single outcome and predictor, and estimating a linear model (just like your example):
$$y_i \sim Normal(\mu_i, \sigma) \tag{1}$$ $$\mu_i = \alpha + \beta x_i \tag{2}$$ $$\alpha \sim Normal(10,10) \tag{3}$$ $$\beta \sim Normal(0,10) \tag{4}$$ $$\sigma \sim Uniform(0,50) \tag{5}$$
Equation (1) corresponds to the first line in your code (mpg ~Normal(mu=m,sigma=s)) and called likelihood (as you said). Equation (2) is the linear model (i.e., m = B*x +a in your question). And finally, equations (3), (4), and (5) are priors of the parameter values to be estimated. Note that $\mu_i$ is not a parameter to be estimated, but rather constructed from other parameters. I guess this is the part that causes confusion regarding "composite priors" which, as far as I understand, have a different, technical use (e.g., see this dissertation).
 - $\begingroup$ I see, thanks! One last question, how should the likelihood be evaluated? My understanding is that I would take the product of each likelihood, where x=u(i) and mu=y(i). As opposed to all u(i) observations being compared to the average of y. (In practice, I'd probably sum the log likelihoods.) $\endgroup$ – jbuddy_13 Sep 14 '20 at 14:09
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ If I get the first part of the question right, yes. The likelihood of $y_1, \ldots, y_n$ is the product of each likelihood, because we assume each outcome is independent from each other. But I am not clear about the second part of the question. $\endgroup$ – T.E.G. Sep 14 '20 at 15:33
Your Answer


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Wile et al., Nat Protoc, 2014
Molecular beacons (MBs) are dual-labeled oligonucleotides that fluoresce only in the presence of complementary mRNA. The use of MBs to target specific mRNAs allows sorting of specific cells from a mixed cell population. In contrast to existing approaches that are limited by available surface markers or selectable metabolic characteristics, the MB-based method enables the isolation of a wide variety of cells. For example, the ability to purify specific cell types derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is important for basic research and therapeutics. In addition to providing a general protocol for MB design, validation and nucleofection into cells, we describe how to isolate a specific cell population from differentiating PSCs. By using this protocol, we have successfully isolated cardiomyocytes differentiated from mouse or human PSCs (hPSCs) with ∼ 97% purity, as confirmed by electrophysiology and immunocytochemistry. After designing MBs, their ordering and validation requires 2 weeks, and the isolation process requires 3 h.