text:
U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE
Washington, DC 20590
Metrics are used to help monitor, recognize, and correct problems as early as possible. Metrics need to be measured against a references so that deviations will trigger actions. Good metrics are meaningful [i.e., they represent the progress of the project or expected performance of the system], easy to collect, and help make a decision.
There are both technical and project management metrics. Technical metrics track how well the finished project will meet its performance objectives. Project management metrics are whatever should be tracked during each process step to reduce project risks and get what is expected. Cost and schedule are key project management metrics for any project. Other metrics may come out of the risk management process or performance requirements. Each activity described in Chapter 3 includes a list of suggested metrics to be tracked during or in support of that activity.
CONTEXT OF PROCESS:
Goals and objectives define direction, priorities, and change of course, if necessary.
Metrics for project phase are defined by each project step to check its progress.
SEMP provides guidance for the systems engineering process.
Schedule and Budget constrain the project.
Stakeholder involvement enables the stakeholders to suggest metrics and provide guidance.
Control gates provide an opportunity for tracking progress.
Risk management suggests and uses metrics.
Metricsare the selected measures of project progress and performance.
Tracking documentation is a history of project progress relative to the metrics.
Recommended response actions to noted project problems document the recourse and rationale.
Technical reviews suggest metrics and review their tracking.
Trade studies compare alternatives relative to the metrics.
Define technical metrics
Technical metrics track the expected performance and effectiveness of the system being developed. These are related to the system mission. They often address critical performance parameters such as response time or accuracy. An example is the time to compose an Amber Alert message and get it displayed on CMS system-wide, since this must be done within 15 minutes. A Technical metrics topic [What should I track in this process step to reduce project risks and get what is expected?] is included in each chapter that related to the task.
Define project management metrics
Project management metrics track progress. Define metrics that indicate a potential problem. These, then, act as triggers for risk management. Each step of the systems engineering process has metrics associated with it. Each task in Chapter 3 includes a list of project-related metrics specific to that task. These give an indication of how far along the task is. For example, Concept Exploration has metrics for the percentage of candidate concepts evaluated and the percentage of stakeholders who have approved the study. In some cases the metrics will simply be whether or not something has been completed. There are other metrics related to milestones or to how much has been developed or delivered, such as the number of subroutines written or the lane-miles instrumented. Appropriate milestones should be meaningful and easy to track. Spending to date is always an essential metric.
Progress on the milestones and status of metrics relative to cost and schedule is compared regularly with the expected progress. A simple way to do this is to plot the metric relative to dollars spent. The best estimate of where the project will end up comes from extrapolating the line out to the end. This is because, despite all efforts to "catch up," projects that are behind tend to continue to fall behind by the same percentage.
If any of the metrics indicate a potential problem, use them to trace back to the source of concern. A fast and decisive response is necessary to get a project back on track. Asking the right questions will suggest what action to take. Are there any problems that are hindering development? Do we have the right resources? Is the budget realistic? Is the schedule realistic? Is the scope overly ambitious?
Make sure personnel are properly assigned and well used. Eliminate any efforts which do not trace back to the requirements, and are therefore unnecessary.
Modify budget, schedule, or scope
Sometimes project plans are overly optimistic. If everything possible to streamline the project and solve problems has been done, it may be that the scope of work cannot be completed within the time and budget allocated. Sometimes hard decisions need to be made, and will only get worse if delayed. Consider eliminating requirements of marginal value, extending the schedule, or asking for more budget. This is extremely disruptive, and should be avoided if at all possible. Ideally, the project plan is carefully and realistically developed up front, so that these types of changes are avoided.
Where do metrics take place in the project timeline?
Is there a policy or standard that includes Metrics?
FHWA Final Rule does not specifically mention practices to be followed for metrics. CMMI has material related to metrics
Which activities are critical for the system's owner to do?
How do I fit these activities to my project? [Tailoring]
The level of each activity should be appropriately scaled to the size of the project. For example, a small project will have fewer and less complex metrics. A larger project will more likely use earned value [see Closer Look, below] or similar techniques. Always track spending.
What should I track in this process step to reduce project risks and get what is expected? [Metrics]
On the technical side:
General technical metrics are based on the mission of the system being developed, and will be defined as part of this task. Examples are
On the project management side:
In addition, each project activity will have its own metrics. The specific metrics used will be selected as part of this activity.
Furthermore, this activity has metrics of its own:
Checklist: Are all the bases covered?
|Are the metrics good indications of the progress of the project?|
|Are the metrics meaningful and clear?|
|Are the metrics easy to collect?|
|Do the metrics support making a good decision?|
|Are the number and complexity of the metrics reasonable for the size and complexity of the project?|
|Are the metrics tracked regularly?|
|Is there a plan for identifying and responding to a lagging project?|
Are there any other recommendations that can help?
If the project is behind schedule early on, the temptation is to catch up by "working harder." In fact, studies show that projects tend to lag by the same percentage throughout their lifetime. The following paragraph provides a method called "earned value" is used to help clearly identify project progress.
A closer look at Earned value analysis is a technique for comparing actual and expected progress to date, and for estimating future progress. The earned value is simply the project budget multiplied by the percentage completed. For example, if a traffic signal system is being planned, a good metric could be the number of intersections completed. Further more, if 10 out of 50 intersections are completed, 20% of the work is done, and would have expected to have spent 20% of the budget. That is the earned value. Then, divide this by what was actually spent to date, to get the performance ratio. If it's equal to or greater than one the project is on or under the target spending rate but if it is less than one the project is overspending.
One can also estimate what it will cost to finish the project [cost to completion]. Divide the spending to date by the percentage complete. Compare this with the budget.
In the example above, the project has a $100,000 budget and has spent $20,000 to do $15,000 of work [15% of the job]. The earned value is $15,000, and the performance ratio is 15,000/20,000 =.75. This is less than one, and in fact it indicates that the project is 25% [1 -.75] behind. The estimated cost to complete is $20,000/.15 = $133,333, well above budget. This project needs to make changes.
It is generally difficult to estimate percentage completed. We have all known developers who were "90% done" during most of the project duration. A simple and more objective approach is to earn value only where there are clear milestones: specifically, at the beginning and end of each task. Rather than try to track progress on a small task, call it 100% only when it is complete, but 0% before that. A longer task would have a 50% earned value for getting started, and 100% only at the end. Combining these over many tasks gives a good indication of the overall project progress.
Combining metrics Alternative systems are often evaluated to more than a single metric. These metrics may have very different sizes and units [ [number of vehicles per hour, average speed, number of incidents, time to respond, mean time between failures, cost, rating on a scale of 1 to 5, and so on]. These must be normalized to a common scale before they can be combined in any meaningful way. There are many ways this can be done. The following ratio seems to give the most reasonable results. It compares expected performance of the candidate system to current performance.
For example, if the current system is 96% reliable, and the candidate is 98% reliable, here is how it will come out. The ideal is 100% reliable, so we get [1.00 -.96]/[1.00 -.98] =.04/.02 = 2. This agrees with our intuition that a 2% failure rate is twice as good as a 4% failure rate. This ratio works even if the metric is negative in other words, less is better. For example, if there are currently 300 major accidents a year and simulation shows that a candidate system will average only 200 accidents a year. Then, since 0 accidents is the ideal, we get [0 – 300]/ [0 – 200] = 1.5.
Once all of the metrics


text:
The Stonewall Inn is located on Christopher Street, and, therefore, the street was at the center of New York State's gay rights movement in the late 1970s. To this day, the inn and the street serve as an international symbol of gay pride.
Christopher Street is, technically, the oldest street in the West Village, as it ran along the south boundary of Admiral Sir Peter Warren's estate, which abutted the old Greenwich Road (now Greenwich Avenue) to the east and extended north to the next landing on the North River, at present-day Gansevoort Street. The street was briefly called Skinner Road after Colonel William Skinner, Sir Peter's son-in-law. The street received its current name in 1799, when the Warren land was acquired by Warren's eventual heir, Charles Christopher Amos. Charles Street remains, but Amos Street is now 10th Street.
The road ran past the churchyard wall of the Church of St. Luke in the Fields (built 1820-22; rebuilt after a fire, 1981–85) still standing on its left, down to the ferry landing, commemorated in the block-long Weehawken Street (laid out in 1829), the shortest street in the West Village. At the Hudson River, with its foundation in the river and extending north to 10th Street, Newgate Prison, the first New York State Prison, occupied the site from 1796 to 1829, when the institution was removed to Sing Sing and the City plotted and sold the land.
West Street is on more recently filled land, but the procession of boats that had made the inaugural pass through the Erie Canal stopped at the ferry dock at the foot of Christopher Street, November 4, 1825, where it was met by a delegation from the city; together they proceeded to the Lower Bay, where the cask of water brought from the Great Lakes was ceremoniously emptied into the salt water.
In 1961 Jane Jacobs, resident in the area and author of The Death and Life of Great American Cities published that same year, headed a group that successfully stopped Mayor Robert Wagner's plan to demolish twelve blocks along West Street north of Christopher Street, including the north side of Christopher Street to Hudson Street, and an additional two blocks south of it, slated for "urban renewal".
Ted White, author-editor once lived at 105 Christopher
A duplicate of George Segal's Gay Liberation was placed in the park in 1992
As a gay icon
In the 1970s, Christopher Street became the "Main Street" of gay New York. Large numbers of gay men would promenade its length at seemingly all hours. Gay bars and stores selling leather fetish clothing and artistic decorative items flourished at that time. This changed dramatically with the loss of many gay men during the AIDS epidemic in the 1980s. The apparent center of gay life subsequently shifted north of 14th Street to Chelsea. This new area, however, was never as vibrant as the old West Village. While some gay bars remain on Christopher Street, it has largely lost its gay character and is not unlike other quiet thoroughfares in the Village.
Christopher Street is the site of the Stonewall Inn, the bar whose patrons started the 1969 Stonewall riots that are widely seen as the birth of the gay liberation movement. The Christopher Street Liberation Day Committee formed to commemorate the first anniversary of that event, the beginning of the international tradition of a late-June event to celebrate gay pride. The annual gay pride festivals in Berlin, Cologne, and other German cities are known as Christopher Street Day or "CSD". Christopher Street magazine, which began publication in July 1976 was, for many years, one of the most respected gay magazines in the U.S., until it folded in December 1995.
Since 1992, Christopher Park (at the intersection of Christopher, Grove, and West 4th Streets) has been decorated with the sculpture Gay Liberation by George Segal to commemorate the gay rights traditions of the place.
At the westernmost tip is the Christopher Street Pier, which was recently renovated and converted into a waterfront park.
At the southwest corner of Seventh Avenue and Christopher Street is a triangular mosaic which reads "Property of the Hess Estate Which Has Never Been Dedicated for Public Purpose". David Hess was a property owner whose building was condemned to make room for a subway line in the early 1900s. David Hess kept the 500 square inch piece of land, once the smallest private land possession in New York City, until his death. It was sold by estate for $1,000 in 1938.
In popular culture
"Christopher Street" is both a song and the main location of the musical Wonderful Town.
^"A portion of the West Village was carved from a farm owned by a man named Charles Christopher Amos, and his three names were parceled out among three of the new streets." (Moscow, Henry. The Street Book: An Encyclopedia of Manhattan's Street Names and Their Origins. New York: Hagstrom, 1978. ISBN _PHONE_)
^Frank Bergen Kelley, Edward Hagaman Hall. Historical Guide to the City of New York (City History Club of New York), 1909:75.
^Landmarks Preservation Commission: Weehawken Street Historic District, May 2, 2006
^Sawyer-Lauðcanno, Christopher. "E.E. Cummings: A Biography", p. 135, Google Books. Accessed October 7, 2007. "On March 2 he moved out of the Brevoort Hotel, where he had been staying, and took up residence at 11 Christopher Street, in the West Village."
^Embury, Stuart P. (2006). "Chapter One: The Early Years". The Art and Life of Luigi Lucioni. Embury Publishing Company. pp. 1 -3.
^"Dawn Powell, Novelist, Is Dead; Author of Witty, Satirical Books; Middle Class Was the Object of Her Stinging Fiction-13 Books Published", The New York Times, November 16, 1965. "Miss Powell, who had resided in Greenwich Village most of her life, maintained an apartment at 95 Christopher Street, where she did most of her writing in recent years."

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


NHPRC Talking Points
Why Is the National Historical Publications and Records Commission So Important for Archives—and for America?
As you discuss the importance of NHPRC with your congressional representatives and others, use the following to inform and educate your listener.
Objection: "NHPRC duplicates other programs, such as the National Endowment for the Humanities."
NHPRC is the only federal program that concentrates on records programs and projects. It is the only federal program that links federal archives with those held by states, counties, municipalities, universities, and nongovernmental organizations. It is the only federal program designed specifically with archives in mind.
NHPRC-funded re-grant programs reach small grassroots organizations—all-volunteer local historical societies, churches, local public libraries, ethnic groups and local governments—that no other federal funding program reaches. These organizations are key to preserving the diversity of the record that makes up the American experience. Most of the institutions that receive NHPRC money through state archives re-grants are not eligible for NEH money. Eliminating NHPRC will hurt the small institutions in your congressional district.
The attached chart demonstrates that there are significant archival programs supported by NHPRC alone and very few areas of overlap with other federal programs.
Objection: "Times are tough and we all need to tighten our belts."
The need for NHPRC is growing, not declining. NHPRC emphasizes collaborative projects and state/local matching funds that are extremely cost-effective. Grants made by NHPRC get a very good bang for the buck.
NHPRC puts money back into the local areas where the taxpayers live. Unlike larger programs that may fund one well-known institution for millions of dollars, NHPRC's funds get down to the grassroots level, where even small amounts of money make a big difference.
NHPRC grants address problems—such as electronic records—that affect the nation, every state and territory, and every community. Then they develop scalable solutions that can be applied in towns, counties, and states across the nation. Without NHPRC, every community would be tackling these problems piecemeal.
The federal government spends hundreds of millions of dollars to support history programs in general, but only $3-10 million to support historical records programs. Eliminating NHPRC will eliminate even that small amount.
Objection: "I don't see NHPRC having a big impact in my community."
NHPRC funds many behind-the-scenes management, preservation, and access projects. When Ken Burns produced the Civil War video series, he used photographs and letters preserved with NHPRC money. The popular book by Joseph Ellis, His Excellency: George Washington, could not have been written without the documentary edition of George Washington's papers—funded by NHPRC.
Your local historical society may have received a re-grant of NHPRC funds to care for a photograph collection or a treasured diary. Children in your schools are probably learning history through historical documents, and NHPRC-funded Teachers' Guides help that happen.
If your community is home to a major research institution, you've probably seen the impact of millions of federal dollars, but nearly every community in America has seen the impact of a small grant from NHPRC.
See chart: Comparison of Archival and Records Management Functions Funded by Federal Granting Agencies (PDF)


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The Power of Music in Your Fitness Classes
The Power of Music in Your Fitness Classes
. 3 min read
How many times have you started your workout feeling sluggish but then plugged in your favorite power song and immediately felt uplifted? It's not magic; it's psychology.
Research shows that music can reduce your perception of fatigue, improve your mood, and make exercise seem easier. For these reasons, music is a powerful and essential tool for your fitness classes.
Before you start building your awesome musical playlist, let's review some music basics you need to consider.
You may already be familiar with the term BPM or Beats Per Minute, which refers to a song's tempo. When choosing tunes for your fitness class, you want to select the BPM that corresponds to the type of exercise you are doing.
For example, a higher BPM relates to a faster-paced workout, whereas a lower BPM is excellent for more tranquil movements. If you don't know the BPM of a song (it can be hard to recognize if you're not musically inclined), try this handy BPM tool.
Wondering what BPM you should aim for your specific workout type? Here are general tempo guidelines:
Yoga, pilates, or other low-intensity activities: 60 to 90 BPM
Power yoga: 100 to 140 BPM
HIIT: 140 to 180-plus BPM
Zumba and dance: 130 to 170 BPM
Steady-state cardio, such as jogging: 120 to 140 BPM
Weightlifting and powerlifting: 130 to 150 BPM
Set the Mood
Beyond the workout type, you can also consider choosing the right BPM depending on which part of the workout you are in. For example, as you are warming-up you might want your participants to feel energized, so choose tunes with a BPM between 110 to 140. In the cool-down phase, you want to lower the heart rate, so choose songs with a BPM of 60 to 90.
Now that you've identified the tempo of the songs you'd like to include in your fitness playlists, it's crucial to consider if you can legally use this music. By definition, you need to own the rights to any music you use in your fitness class, whether it's virtual, in-person, or on-demand.
The short answer is that you need to own the commercial rights to the music you are using in your fitness class. If you subscribe to a streaming music service, like Spotify, your license only permits you to play music for personal, non-commercial purposes (think: jamming out in your car.)
To acquire the commercial rights, you'll need to go through an organization like ASCAP, BMI, or SESAC. Or you can subscribe to a service like Epidemic Sound, but be aware that a commercial license costs around $49/month.
Remember your most important instrument
Music isn't everything—the instructor's voice is essential. Have you ever been to a class where the music was so loud that you couldn't hear what move came next? It's especially important to get this balance right when teaching online. You compete with background noise, smaller visual fields, and potentially, a new audience unfamiliar with your teaching style.
If you own your music, you may consider setting up an audio mixer or using the Shared Audio feature.
Regardless of the setup you choose, remember to test. Try out your workout routine with your playlist and make sure that you've chosen the right song for the right part of your workout. Create a test class and invite your friends, family, or us! Ask for feedback on your sound, and play with features like auto-adjust or Moxie Music.
An all-in-one solution
If BPM and licensing have your head spinning, there is an easier alternative: Moxie Music. Moxie Music features smart technology to help ensure an excellent class experience. The music volume is automatically adjusted whenever the instructor speaks, so you don't need to shout. Best of all, it's fully legal. Find out more about Moxie Music.


text:
Can You Spot It?
product code: 133623
see more in this range by ELC
Have fun spotting the difference with these colourful cards.
Stimulating the brain and improving dexterity
Inspiring story making
Promoting social interaction
Developing early language skills
Developing social skills and helping communication
Building confidence and concentration
How to play:
Can you spot it?
Let's look at two cards, and talk about what you can see. Can you name the objects, count them up and spot the difference between the cards?
Learning to spot
Let's start with the green cards, then try some trickier ones. As you get more confident, see if you can spot more differences and give yourselves a well-earned round of applause!
Give your child the set of cards. See if they can sort out the living things from the non-living. Ask the child to pick a card at random and get them to tell you what it is.
Together talk about the objects, think about where you might see them. As they get more confident, they can lay the cards face down to play a pairs game!Battery requirements: Not Required
How does this help my child?
Instils confidenceInstils confidence
This toy helps your child feel secure and happy, and enjoy good self-esteem.
Discover the WorldDiscover the World
This toy inspires your child to explore and enjoy the world around them.
Problem solvingProblem solving
These toys teach your child to work things out for themselves.
This product is available for:
Normally delivered within 5 working days (exclusions apply including postcode restrictions and extended timescales). Exceptional delivery circumstances beyond our control such as bad weather or courier delays may cause your order to take longer to deliver.
Delivery within 2 working days to UK mainland addresses. Regrettably this service is unavailable for deliveries to Northern Ireland.
ELC are happy to refund or exchange any unused merchandise returned within 28 days of purchase upon production of your receipt, as long as they are returned in an unused condition and in their original packaging. Please see Terms and Conditions for details. This does not affect your rights if the product is faulty or mis-described.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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The data that's analyzed by seismologists following a large earthquake is usually the record of a catastrophe — it typically means something really bad has just happened. But what if you could take this data and turn it into something beautiful instead? That's the thinking of designer James Boock who has rigged together an elaborate paint-globbing mechanism that uses seismic wave data to generate colorful abstract images. The end result is one-half geology, one-half art.
It's called the Quakescape 3D Fabricator and its construction was inspired after a major quake hit Christchurch, New Zealand last year. It works by taking earthquake data from the site GeoNet and converts it into a series of visual patterns.
The canvas is a moulded, topographical landscape that's shaped like a real section from Christchurch. The colors, which are ejected from a series of hanging cartridges, represent the magnitude of the seismic waves.
Boock put this together with the help of Josh Newsome-White, Brooke Bowers, Hannah Warren, George Redmond, Richie Stewart and Philippa Shipley.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Icosahedron: symbol of Divine connection, the Soul
The Icosahedron has twenty faces, being created by 20 equilateral triangles with 30 edges. This shape is finely cut and polished in clear quartz with mirror planes.
It is associated with the water element and it symbolizes emotions, dreams and intuition.
Its facets and symmetries compel our eyes and hearts to observe life more deeply. Astrologically, it is associated with the water signs Cancer, Scorpio and Pisces.
To contemplate the Icosahedron is to engage in meditation upon the Divine.
- Element: Spirit/Ether
- Symbolic attributes: Divine connection, Spirit, Soul
- Sense: Hearing
- In Nature: Space, the Heavens
- In Astrology: The full zodiac
More Sacred Geometry Shapes


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The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility includes an active Data Quality program to characterize the quality of ARM measurements. This minimizes the time required to address instrument problems to provide the best-possible measurements for scientific research. Maintaining data quality (DQ) for an organization with the size and complexity of ARM is a significant challenge, and is managed by the ARM Data Quality Office. The three sources of DQ information for ARM data are:
- Instrument handbooks—found on each instrument's page
- Embedded Quality Control (QC) flags—found in most data files as ancillary variables and can be easily deciphered
- Data Quality Reports (DQRs)—visible while browsing for data, received with data orders, and accessible through the DQR web service.
Even after significant scrutiny, some unidentified issues may be present in the data. Help ensure data quality by informing ARM of any issue, no matter the severity.


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Script Editor & Command History
Praat constantly records your GUI actions, i.e. you don't have to start recording - it's always on. This mechanism is called command history. Think of it as a list of instructions (GUI actions) in the order you invoked them. When you open Praat the history is empty, but when you start clicking around each action (with some rare exceptions) is recorded and generates a new list item in the history. This happens hidden in the background and until you start Praat scripting you wouldn't notice anything about the command history.
If you want to make use of the history you need to open the Praat script editor. Two commands in the editor's
Edit menu are relevant for managing the history:
Paste history and
Clear history. The
Paste command generates a list of statements (= a Praat script) reflecting everything you've done so far since starting Praat. If you start Praat in the morning and paste the history after several hours of hard phonetic work the resulting list is pretty huge. Usually that's not what you want.
Macro recording workflow
Instead, what you usually want is to start recording with a specific action and to end recording after a distinct sequence of actions. To achieve this you need the
Clear history command which simply clears the command history of everything which was recorded so far. After invoking
Clear history the command history is empty, like when you start up Praat. Therefore, the recommended workflow for macro recording is as follows:
- open the script editor
- clear history
- perform GUI actions (you can close or minimize the script editor meanwhile - or just ignore it)
- back in the script editor paste history
- continue with 2.
Here's an example. Consider we want a macro that creates a tone, plays it, and does a pitch analysis. First, we open the script editor (
New Praat script) and clear the history (
Edit > Clear history). Then we switch to Praat Objects and create a tone (
New > Sound > Create Sound as pure tone...) with standard settings. We click the
Play button to listen to the newly created tone, then we run a pitch analysis (
Analyse periodicity > To Pitch...) with standard settings. Finally, we return to the script editor and paste the history (
Edit > Paste history). That's it. Praat translated the GUI actions into syntactically structured statements, one statement per line (we'll have a more detailed look at statements and their syntax in the next session). The newly created macro/script should look like this:
Create Sound as pure tone: "tone", 1, 0, 0.4, 44100, 440, 0.2, 0.01, 0.01 Play To Pitch: 0, 75, 600
Create Sound as pure tone... tone 1 0 0.4 44100 440 0.2 0.01 0.01 Play To Pitch... 0 75 600
If it looks like the following code block, you have a Praat version between 5.3.44 and 5.3.62, generating an intermediate syntax, and you should update as well.
do ("Create Sound as pure tone...", "tone", 1, 0, 0.4, 44100, 440, 0.2, 0.01, 0.01) do ("Play") do ("To Pitch...", 0, 75, 600)
Let's try and run the script: click
Run in the
Run menu of the script editor. As expected, a new tone is created, played, and pitch processed. You can run the script as often as you like (and consequently populate the list of objects with numerous Sound and Pitch objects) and you can save it for later use (
If you want to extent the macro simply repeat the workflow: clear history - perform actions - paste history. For example, if you want to listen to the pitch analysis as a hum, clear the history, activate Praat Objects (make sure that a pitch object is selected) and play the hum (
Sound > Hum). Back in the script editor place the cursor in the last (empty) line, paste the history, and run the script.
Create Sound as pure tone: "tone", 1, 0, 0.4, 44100, 440, 0.2, 0.01, 0.01 Play To Pitch: 0, 75, 600 Hum
Limitations of command history
That worked. Now try this: Clear the history, switch to Praat Objects (make sure that a pitch object is selected), and print the maximum pitch to the Praat Info window (
Query > Get maximum...). After closing Praat Info, switch to the script editor, paste the history (last line), and run the script. The script looks fine with the new statement added but it behaves not as expected, because it doesn't produce the desired Praat Info output. (In newer Praat versions query commands behave like expected, i.e. the query result is written to Praat Info. I don't know exactly when that changed.)
Create Sound as pure tone: "tone", 1, 0, 0.4, 44100, 440, 0.2, 0.01, 0.01 Play To Pitch: 0, 75, 600 Hum Get maximum: 0, 0, "Hertz", "Parabolic"
There's nothing wrong with the script (otherwise an error message would appear), it's just that query commands behave different in scripts than in the GUI. In the GUI, query commands are executed and the result is displayed in Praat Info; in scripts, the query is executed and that's it. The Praat scripting engine assumes that you want to handle the query result inside the script, for example in a formula or as a setting (if that is what you want you need to assign the result to a variable, cf. Variables). If writing the result to Praat Info is actually what you intended, you must tell the script to do so explicitly (cf. Generating Output).
That's the first (minor) trouble when working with command history: some commands behave different in scripts. Fortunately, as far as I know, only query commands are concerned. But there's more (and worse) trouble waiting. Imagine you want your script to open a newly created tone in a sound editor window. First, let's delete the last three lines of the existing script:
Create Sound as pure tone: "tone", 1, 0, 0.4, 44100, 440, 0.2, 0.01, 0.01 Play
Run the shortened script, clear the history, switch to Praat Objects, and click
View & Edit to open the sound editor. Now zoom in (
View > Zoom in) several times for a detailed view of the sinus wave. Switch back to the script editor and paste the history:
Create Sound as pure tone: "tone", 1, 0, 0.4, 44100, 440, 0.2, 0.01, 0.01 Play Edit Zoom in Zoom in Zoom in Zoom in
As you see I've clicked
Zoom in four times and each click was recorded in a separate line; if you clicked only two times, of course there will be only two lines in your script. (Note that command history translates the GUI command View & Edit to the script command Edit. That's for historical reasons. If you like, you can change the command to View & Edit by hand.) Ok, the script looks as expected, let's run it. The first three statements are executed—a tone is created, replayed and opened in a sound editor. Then the script exits with an error message:
What happened? While recording the macro we inadvertently switched the command environment, from Praat Objects (
Edit are Praat Objects commands, also called shell commands) to the sound editor (
Zoom in is an editor command). Unfortunately, this environment change is not recorded, nonetheless it's important for the script to know about. With only one sound editor open this seems gratuitous, but with two or more editors open the script obviously needs to know which editor you want to zoom in. Consequently, we must indicate environment changes manually in our scripts. You'll learn how to do this in the session on scripting environments.
Command history is always on, i.e. all GUI actions during a Praat session are constantly recorded. With the Praat script editor you can access and make use of the command history. The best way to use it is to use it selectively: clear the previous history, perform a manageable number of actions, and append the new statements to your script.


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The Children's Educational Center of Oradea Romania September 18, 2015
Location:Dacia School in Oradea, RomaniaPartial solar eclipses happen when the Moon comes between the Sun and the Earth, but they don't align in a perfectly straight line. Because of this, the Moon only partially covers the Sun's disc.
In Oradea, Eclipse started at 10:44, with a maximum at 11:53 (local time). The end of eclipse was at 13:03. About 1000 students of Dacia School looked through telescope a part of solar disc covered by Moon.


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Where We Stand
Costs, Consequences and Solutions
The best available research tells us that crime victimization costs the United States $450 billion annually (National Institute of Justice, 1996). Rape is the most costly of all crimes to its victims, with total estimated costs at $127 billion a year (excluding the cost of child sexual abuse). In 2008, researchers estimated that each rape cost approximately $151,423 (DeLisi, 2010). Sexual abuse has a negative impact on children's educational attainment (MacMillan, 2000), later job performance (Anda et al., 2004), and earnings (MacMillan, 2000). Sexual violence survivors experience reduced income in adulthood as a result of victimization in adolescence, with a lifetime income loss estimated at $241,600 (MacMillan, 2000). Sexual abuse interferes with women's ability to work (Lyon, 2002). Fifty percent of sexual violence victims had to quit or were forced to leave their jobs in the year following their assaults due to the severity of their reactions (Ellis, Atkeson, & Calhoun, 1981). In 2008, violence and abuse constituted up to 37.5% of total health care costs, or up to $750 billion (Dolezal, McCollum, & Callahan, 2009).
Appropriate and Early Intervention Can Mitigate Costs and Consequences A 2006 study found that when victims receive advocate-assisted services following assaults, they receive more helpful information, referrals, and services and experience less secondary trauma or re-victimization by medical and legal systems (Campbell, 2006). Furthermore, the same study found that when advocates are present in the legal and medical proceedings following rape, victims fare better in both the shortand long-term, experiencing less psychological distress, physical health struggles, sexual risk-taking behaviors, self-blame, guilt, and depression. Rape survivors with advocates were 59% more likely to have police reports taken than survivors without advocates, whose reports were only taken 41% of the time.
Funding Sexual Assault Services is Paramount The Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) has helped to reduce the societal cost associated with the criminal victimization of women throughout the U.S. Based on researchers' cost-benefit analysis, the net benefit of VAWA is estimated at $16.4 billion (Clark, Biddle, & Martin, 2002). Approximately $14.8 billion in victimization costs are averted due to VAWA, which only costs $1.6 billion to implement. At the individual level, VAWA is estimated to cost $15.50 per U.S. woman, yet saves $159 per U.S. woman in averted victimization costs, suggesting VAWA to be a fiscally efficient program.
Without rape crisis advocates, victims are less likely to receive critical services (such as referrals to community-based services, filing of police reports, information about sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancy) in the immediate aftermath of their attacks. Additionally, without an advocate present, secondary victimization, or being blamed or re-victimized by first responders, is more likely in these systems. Both an absence of helpful services and secondary victimization have been linked to increased psychological distress, physical health struggles, sexual risk-taking behaviors, self-blame, guilt, depression, and a reluctance to seek further help among rape survivors. Over time, these consequences can take an emotional and financial toll on victims and the larger society. Supportive, non-victim-blaming interventions provided immediately following rape may help to prevent complex, long-term health and mental health struggles among victims and survivors. Therefore, rape crisis center advocacy funded by such programs as the Sexual Assault Services Program (SASP), Victims of Crime Act (VOCA) and the Preventive Health and Health Services Block Grant can be considered a cost-saving and fiscally responsible approach.
Rape Crisis Services are Scarce According to a 2010 Internet survey by the National Alliance to End Sexual Violence of 644 rape crisis centers from all 50 states, Washington D.C. and two territories:
- 56% of rape crisis centers had been forced to reduce staff in the past year.
- 25% of rape crisis centers had a waiting list for crisis services.
- 66% of rape crisis centers had to reduce prevention education/public awareness efforts because of funding losses.
- 61% of rape crisis centers had three (3) or less staff.
- 60% of rape crisis centers indicated they need at least four (4) full-time staff to meet the current demand for sexual assault services in their community.
- 93% of rape crisis center employees were paid less than $40,000 a year.
Full funding for cost-effective programs such as the Sexual Assault Services Program in the Violence Against Women Act and the Victims of Crime Act in the US Department of Justice as well as the Preventive Health and Health Services Block Grant in CDC would equip rape crisis centers to address victims' needs and reduce the long-term costs and consequences of rape for both victims and communities.
For more information, contact Terri Poore, Vice President, National Alliance to End Sexual Violence, _EMAIL_, _PHONE_.
Our thanks to the National Sexual Violence Resource Center for assistance in researching this briefing paper.
Anda, R. F., Fleisher, V. I., Felitti, V. J., Edwards, V. J., Whitfield, C. L., Dube, S. R., & Williamson, D. F. (2004). Childhood abuse, household dysfunction, and indicators of impaired worker performance in adulthood. The Permanente Journal, 8(1), 30-38. Retrieved from: _URL_
Campbell, R. (2006). Rape survivors' experiences with the legal and medical systems: Do rape victim advocates make a difference? Violence Against Women, 12, 30-45. doi:10.1177/1077801205277539
Clark, K. A., Biddle, A. K, & Martin, S. L. (2002). A cost-benefit analysis of the Violence Against Women Act of 1994. Violence Against Women, 8, 417-428. doi:10.1177/10778010222183143
Delisi, M. (2010). Murder by numbers: Monetary costs imposed by a sample of homicide offenders. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 21, 501-513. doi:10.1080/14789940903564388
Dolezal, T., McCollum, D., & Callahan, M. (2009). Hidden costs in health care: The economic impact of violence and abuse. Eden Prairie, MN: Academy on Violence & Abuse. Retrieved from: _URL_
Ellis, E. M., Atkeson, B. M., & Calhoun, K. S. (1993). An assessment of long term reaction to rape. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 90, 263-266. doi:10.1037//0021-843X.90.3.263
Lyon, E. (2002). Welfare and domestic violence against women: Lessons from research. Harrisburg, PA: National Resource Center on Domestic Violence/Pennsylvania Coalition Against Domestic Violence. Retrieved from: _URL_
MacMillan, R. (2000). Adolescent victimization and income deficits in adulthood: Rethinking the costs of criminal violence from a life-course perspective, Criminology, 38, 553-588. doi:10.1111/j._PHONE_.2000.tb00899.x
National Alliance to End Sexual Violence. (2010). 2010 survey of rape crisis centers. Retrieved from: _URL_
National Institute of Justice. (1996). The extent and costs of crime victimization: A new look. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved from: _URL_


The Department of Housing and Urban Development's Office of Policy Development and Research (PD&R) has the authority to accept unsolicited research proposals that address current research priorities and allow PD&R to participate in innovative research projects that inform HUD's policies and programs. In accordance with statutory requirements, the research proposals must be submitted by eligible applicants, (eligible applicants are: academic institutions, philanthropic entities, States, federally recognized tribes, and units of local government, and not-for-profit and for-profit institutions located in the United States) and provide cost sharing for at least 50 percent of total project cost from philanthropic entities or Federal, state or local government agencies.
The Department is interested in increasing participation of Minority Serving Institutions of higher education and Historically Black Colleges and Universities in all program areas. Therefore, HUD encourages eligible entities that are not themselves MSIs or HBCUs to develop partnerships with MSIs and HBCUs.
PD&R is focusing its cooperative agreement efforts on research partnerships that will advance one of the following key areas:
 1. Promote Economic Opportunity
 2. Enhance Rental Assistance
 3. Reduce the Average Length of Homelessness
 4. Support Sustainable Homeownership and Financial Viability
 5. Remove Lead Hazards from Homes
 6. Provide Effective Disaster Recovery
 7. Opportunity Zones
 8. Reduce Regulatory Barriers to Affordable Housing
Click here to learn more about HUD Research Assets.


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Antique Medicine Bottles Identification Valuation
You've uncovered a treasure trove of antique medicine bottles and can't help but be captivated by their unique shapes, colors, and the stories they hold within. As you begin to delve deeper into this fascinating world of collectible glassware, you'll want to develop an eye for identifying and valuing these artifacts. With meticulous attention to detail, extensive historical knowledge, and expertise in valuation, this article will guide you through the process of assessing your finds and determining their worth.
From understanding bottle markings to assessing condition, identifying age, and determining rarity factors – we'll cover everything you need to know about antique medicine bottle identification and valuation. We'll also explore online resources that can aid in your quest for information as well as tips on seeking expert appraisals. Finally, we'll discuss buying and selling strategies along with ideas on how best to preserve and display your collection. So grab a loupe or magnifying glass and let's get started in unraveling the mysteries behind these intriguing pieces of history!
History of Antique Medicine Bottles
It's fascinating to delve into the history of antique medicine bottles, as they not only reflect the medical practices of their time but also showcase unique artistry and craftsmanship. These glass containers were originally designed to store various remedies, potions, and treatments prescribed by physicians or sold over-the-counter. As pharmaceutical advancements progressed through the centuries, so too did the design and manufacture of these distinctive artifacts. Many early examples feature beautiful colors, intricate designs, and embossed labels that served as both functional storage solutions and impressive pieces of advertising for their respective medicines.
During the 18th century and well into the 19th century, medicine advertising relied heavily on visual appeal to attract customers' attention. The use of vibrant colors in antique medicine bottles was a key marketing technique employed by apothecaries and drug manufacturers alike. Amber, cobalt blue, emerald green - these eye-catching hues not only made products stand out on shelves but also provided an additional layer of protection against light exposure which could cause some medications to degrade or spoil. In addition to color variations, it was common for manufacturers to emboss their company name or product information directly onto the bottle's surface – another clever way to showcase branding.
As you explore your own collection or begin your journey into antique medicine bottle identification and valuation, pay close attention to these historical details that give each piece its unique charm. Keep an eye out for rare shapes or unusual closures such as pontil marks (a telltale sign that a bottle was hand-blown), ground glass stoppers with cork insets (indicative of later manufacturing techniques), or even unusual screw-top caps (which became popular after improvements in molding technology). By appreciating the artistry behind these containers and understanding how they fit within broader pharmaceutical advancements throughout history, you'll be better equipped to accurately assess their value today.
Understanding Bottle Markings
As you delve into the world of antique medicine bottles, understanding bottle markings such as Manufacturer's Marks, Patent Dates, and Numbers is crucial. These markings provide invaluable insights into the history and value of your collection. With meticulous attention to detail and extensive historical knowledge, we will help you decode these markings to enhance your expertise in valuation.
More about Antique Marbles
You'll often find clues to the origins of those old medicine bottles by examining manufacturer's marks, like a detective piecing together a historical puzzle. These marks can provide vital information about the bottle's age, manufacturing location, and even the specific glassmaker who crafted it. By comparing bottle shapes and embossed labels to known examples from various manufacturers, you can gain insights into the rarity and value of your antique medicine bottles.
To further enhance your expertise in antique medicine bottle identification and valuation, consider researching these key aspects:
- Bottle Mold Marks: Look for mold seams that run vertically along the sides or base of the bottle – these indicate how it was produced. Early bottles were created using a two-piece or three-piece mold process.
- Historical Context: Researching patent dates, company histories, and regional glassmaking traditions can help you understand which manufacturers were active during specific time periods.
- Glass Color & Quality: Analyze color variations (such as aqua green or amber) and imperfections within the glass itself to determine if they are indicative of particular manufacturers or production techniques.
- Base Markings: Many glassmakers stamped their initials or symbols on the bottom of their bottles – this is called a "base mark." Identifying these markings can be crucial to determining an accurate valuation.
Meticulous attention to detail and extensive historical knowledge will aid you in your quest for identifying valuable antique medicine bottles. As an expert collector, you'll be able to decipher manufacturer's marks with ease and appreciate each unique piece for its history and craftsmanship.
Patent Dates and Numbers
Cracking the code of patent dates and numbers can be an exhilarating challenge for collectors, unlocking secrets about each artifact's history and worth. To begin your journey in patent research, first locate the patent date or number on the antique medicine bottle; this information is typically embossed on either the base or body of the container. Keep in mind that some bottles may feature both a patent date (indicating when it was granted) and a patent number (assigned by the government). Understanding these two components' significance is crucial to accurately identifying your bottle.
Once you've discovered a patent date or number, dive deeper into its historical context by consulting resources such as The United States Patent and Trademark Office's online database. Here, you can search for information related to patents issued from 1790 onwards. Moreover, specialized books and websites dedicated to antique bottle collecting can provide valuable insights into specific manufacturers, designs, and time periods associated with your find. By meticulously piecing together this information, you'll not only gain a richer understanding of your antique medicine bottle's story but also enhance its overall valuation within the collector community.
Assessing Bottle Condition
When examining an antique medicine bottle, it's important to take note of any chips, cracks, or stains that could impact its overall value. Proper bottle storage and damage prevention are crucial in maintaining the integrity of your collection. Just like other antiques, the condition of a medicine bottle is one of the main factors when determining its value. Keep a keen eye for any imperfections and document them for future reference.
To help you assess the condition of your antique medicine bottles, here's a table to serve as a guide:
|Condition||Description||Impact on Value|
|Mint||No visible flaws; appears as if never used||Highest Value|
|Excellent||Minor wear or scratches but no major flaws; may have light staining||High Value|
|Good||Noticeable flaws such as small chips or moderate staining; structurally sound||Moderate Value|
|Fair||Significant flaws including large chips, heavy staining or cracks||Low Value|
|Poor/Damaged||Major damage such as broken parts or missing components; may require restoration||Lowest Value|
It's essential to be thorough when inspecting your antique medicine bottles to ensure accurate valuation. Pay close attention to details such as embossed lettering and labels – their legibility and preservation can also affect the bottle's value. Additionally, remember that patina or iridescence might be desirable for some collectors while others may prefer their bottles free from these features. Ultimately, understanding what affects the condition of your bottles will enable you to make informed decisions about their care and potential worth in the market.
Identifying Bottle Age
As you delve into the world of antique bottles, it's crucial to familiarize yourself with key indicators that reveal a bottle's age, such as glass color and manufacturing techniques. Understanding the nuances in these two aspects will showcase your meticulous attention to detail and extensive historical knowledge, elevating your expertise in valuation. In this discussion, we'll explore how to accurately identify bottle age through examining glass color variations and recognizing distinct production methods used throughout history.
The glass color of antique medicine bottles can significantly impact their identification and valuation, since it's often indicative of the bottle's age and rarity. Glass deterioration and color variations are key factors to consider when examining a bottle. Over time, the chemical composition of glass can change, leading to alterations in color that may provide clues about its age. For instance, manganese dioxide was commonly used as a decolorizing agent in the production of clear glass until the early 20th century; however, exposure to sunlight over an extended period can cause a reaction that turns the glass shades of purple or lavender.
In addition to changes brought on by aging and exposure, certain colors were more prominent during specific periods in history. For example, aqua was popular for medicine bottles between the mid-19th and early 20th centuries due to its low cost and ease of production. Conversely, cobalt blue bottles are rarer since they required more expensive materials—such as gold chloride for deep reds or copper for various shades of green—resulting in higher valuations today. By closely scrutinizing a bottle's hue alongside your knowledge of historical trends in glassmaking practices, you'll be better equipped to determine its origin and potential worth accurately.
Bottle Manufacturing Techniques
Understanding bottle manufacturing techniques is crucial in grasping their historical context and appreciating their unique characteristics. Early antique medicine bottles were made using a range of glassblowing techniques, with some dating back to the Roman Empire. As technology evolved, so did the methods used to create these fascinating relics of medical history. By examining the manufacturing process, you can gain a deeper understanding of how these bottles were produced and what factors influenced their design.
To help you better identify and value your antique medicine bottles, consider these key aspects of bottle manufacturing techniques:
- Hand-blown glass: Before the advent of machine-made bottles, skilled artisans would blow glass into molds or shape it freehand.
- Mold types: Early bottle molds were often made from wood or clay


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For many of us, moving to a paperless feedback and marking system can be a huge step. Drawboard PDF gives teachers and students an easy, simple way to give feedback and write on existing PDF documents.
How you might use this app:
- Editing or giving feedback for student essays or written work
- Annotating images / diagrams
- Filling in handouts using a pen
- Peer Assessment
Editing and Feedback
We've all used Comment and Mark-up in Office Word for editing student work. Do you ever worry that students will just 'accept all changes' and not actually read your feedback? With Drawboard PDF, you annotate over the top of a PDF, so students will then need to return to their word doc to make suggested changes. This is a great reflection activity for students.
Students can take a photo of a specific geographical, scientific, or movement based activity, then annotate over the top to show understanding. They might take a photo of a science experiment and annotate the apparatus before saving and adding to report. They might take a photo of a friend playing sport and annotate the movement they need to adjust. They might even take a photo of an artwork that they would like to turn into a multimodal piece of work by adding some digital inking and graphics.
Filling out Handouts
We all have handouts we would like students to fill out, but digitally this is a difficult task. Students can open these handouts with Drawboard PDF, fill in the blanks, short answers, diagrams, save and submit. No more need to print or to create booklets.
Students can send each other work to be peer assessed. Using Drawboard PDF, this can be easily completed and returned for further editing before submitting for a final grade.
Drawboard PDF really is the easiest way to give feedback, annotate and peer assess. Install and give it a go today. You can find it in the Windows 8 Store


Paul Cook
23.02.2012 in21:06 in Creative,photoart -->
Paul Cook's from Glasgow, United Kingdom, primeval images are a study of the inherent beauty of sacred geometry. He challenges our perception of the original through his digital photographs of animals, trees, bones and architecture. He explores symmetry as a holistic aesthetic. Each image is a study of how symmetry challenges the way shape and form is perceived.


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METHODS OF CHECKING RESISTANCE TO CORROSION OF COPPER BEARING STEEL PLATE FOR GOODS WAGONS AND BASES FOR A SPECIFICATION FOR THIS TYPE OF STEEL
The problem confronting the Committee concerns the definition of a steel quality slightly liable to oxidation, which makes it possible to construct, for the wagon of the future, wagon bodies with the same duration of life as that envisaged for the whole wagon. The Committee was also requested to define a method for checking the resistance to corrosion of a type of steel. After having taken note of the numerous tests carried out by the Specialists, the Committee thinks it impossible to develop an accelerated laboratory method, the results of which would be in accordance with the corrosion in service. Contrary to this, the Committee is of the opinion that some Administrations have acquired such an experience that they can recommend a type of steel having proved its value in current use for twenty-five years. This concerns a semi-stainless copper bearing steel - with a copper content of 0.25 to 0.50% - high mechanical properties - tensile strength 52 kg/sq mm - weldable without special precautions. The Committee is however of the opinion that the Mn - Cr - Cu and P Cu - Cr - Si steels can also offer interesting possibilities, and proposed to envisage the construction of wagons from these types of steel in view of the comparative large scale practical tests.
- Restrictions on the use of this document are contained in the explanatory material.
International Union of RailwaysOffice of Research and Experiments
- Publication Date: 1958-7
- Features: Figures; Photos;
- Pagination: 10 p.
- TRT Terms: Alloy steel; Corrosion; Mechanical properties; Metallurgy; Oxidation; Steel; Tests; Welding
- Old TRIS Terms: Question e39; Steel metallurgy
- Subject Areas: Materials; Railroads;
- Accession Number: 00052785
- Record Type: Publication
- Source Agency: International Union of Railways
- Report/Paper Numbers: E39/RP 1/E Final Rpt.
- Files: TRIS
- Created Date: Jul 8 1994 12:00AM


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Open access
I have no Country, I have a homeland
Istanbulite Romiois:PlaceMemory- Migration
Nurdan Türker
The book explores the concepts of migration, space, memory and identification drawn from the experiences of Istanbulite Romiois/Greeks and through the notion of being minority. The primary problematic examined in this book revolves around the meaning of these concepts, the functions they serve, and how they are related to the identity of minorities who have experienced ruptures like mass migrations. The concepts such as place and memory are addressed through the way in which Istanbulite Romiois/Greeks create meaningful connections around spaces, identity and memory as evidenced by spatial arrangements and how space in general and in Istanbul is specifically rendered sacred.
Table of contents


How we make stuff
 1. The Ellen MacArthur Foundation
 2. Teachers! download activities
 3. Get the book
Where do burgers come from?
When you eat a burger, do you ever wonder where all the different ingredients have come from? They might well have started off on the other side of the world, travelling thousands of kilometres by plane, train and lorry to reach your plate.
Based on the original book 'How We Make Stuff' by Christiane Dorion, Templar Publishing, 2012.
Website text by Christiane Dorion - Design by Harriet Pellereau.
© 2012 Ellen MacArthur Foundation - Illustration © Beverley Young - Text © Christiane Dorion


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As part of the Quality Improvement Scheme (QIS) this year we need to contribute reducing the estimated prevalence gap for AF in Leeds, estimated in 4624 people
- Patients identified as potential AF need records checking and diagnosis made based on ECG/cardiology letters
Using RAIDR, 57 patients were identified as with codes that would suggest the possibility of an undiagnosed AF.
- One deceased patient
- One invalid NHS number, so unable to check.
- Two already known AF somehow not picked by RAIDR.
- One patient with AF not coded, even though on medication, and seen by cardiology.
- Seven patients had irregular pulse not followed up.
- 30 Patients were followed up in practice and ECG indicated:
- 21 sinus rhythm.
- 4 sinus bradycardia
- 1 sinus tachycardia
- 3 normal.
- 1 old RBBB
- One patient had regular pulse and was mis-coded with "ECG: AF" when there was an intention to refer for ECG treadmill.
- One patient had irregular pulse coded and text indicating it was an ectopic, and under Cardiology.
- 13 Patients were seen by cardiology as some arrhythmias were found and diagnoses made were
- 6 SVT
- 1 VT
- 1 AVNRT
- 1 sinus arrhythmia
- 1 Wolf Parkinson White.
- 1 No AF, no arrhythmia diagnosis.
- 1 No AF. IHD diagnosis.
- 1 Vasovagal syndrome
RAIDR, as expected showed issues with coding and lack of coding. Many ECG findings were not coded, and had to be added. There has been little benefit yet on improving AF prevalence looking at 57 cases and finding 1 not coded, although there are 7 patients that could me undiagnosed.
PLAN OF ACTION
- 7 Patients to be invited for ECG
- ECG codes added and errors amended.
- We shall run again RAIDR next year to assess if the new codes will take them out of the potential list.


Period of a pendulum equation
How do you find the period of a pendulum?
The pendulum period formula, T, is fairly simple: T = (L / g)1/2, where g is the acceleration due to gravity and L is the length of the string attached to the bob (or the mass).
What is the unit for the period of a pendulum?
using the period, T of a pendulum depends on the square root of L, the length of the pendulum and g, the acceleration due to gravity. Although we could use any unit for the period (years, months, eons, etc) the standard metric unit is the second. The metric unit for frequency is Hertz which is one cycle per second.
How does the length of a pendulum affect the period?
The longer the length of string, the farther the pendulum falls; and therefore, the longer the period, or back and forth swing of the pendulum. The greater the amplitude, or angle, the farther the pendulum falls; and therefore, the longer the period.)
What is the pendulum equation?
The period of a simple pendulum is T=2π√Lg T = 2 π L g , where L is the length of the string and g is the acceleration due to gravity.
What is the formula for period?
The formula for time is: T (period) = 1 / f (frequency). λ = c / f = wave speed c (m/s) / frequency f (Hz). The unit hertz (Hz) was once called cps = cycles per second.
What is the purpose of a pendulum?
Pendulum, body suspended from a fixed point so that it can swing back and forth under the influence of gravity. Pendulums are used to regulate the movement of clocks because the interval of time for each complete oscillation, called the period, is constant.
What is period of oscillation?
Period, T is defined as the time of one full oscillation. In this applet, the small hanging mass always swings from its rightmost position This can be used as a reference point or state for counting the number of oscillations. The time elapsed between every two consecutive states is the period, T.
Who discovered the law of pendulum?
Galileo Galilei
You might be interested: Van der waals equation
What are the factors that affect a pendulum?
The forces of gravity, the mass of the pendulum, length of the arm, friction and air resistance all affect the swing rate.Motion. Pull a pendulum back and release it. Length. The swing rate, or frequency, of the pendulum is determined by its length. Amplitude. Mass. Air Resistance/Friction. Sympathetic Vibration.
What makes a pendulum move?
A pendulum works by converting energy back and forth, a bit like a rollercoaster ride. When the bob is highest (furthest from the ground), it has maximum stored energy (potential energy). So as the bob swings (oscillates) back and forth, it repeatedly switches its energy back and forth between potential and kinetic.
What is the period of a 1.00 m long pendulum?
We are asked to find the period of a 1.00 meter long simple pendulum. So the formula for period is 2π times the square root of the length of the pendulum divided by acceleration due to gravity. So that's 2π times square root of 1.00 meter divided by 9.80 meters per second squared which is 2.01 seconds.
What forces act on a pendulum?
There are two dominant forces acting upon a pendulum bob at all times during the course of its motion. There is the force of gravity that acts downward upon the bob. It results from the Earth's mass attracting the mass of the bob. And there is a tension force acting upward and towards the pivot point of the pendulum.
Does weight affect a pendulum?
When you add a weight to the bottom of the pendulum on the right, you make it heavier. But since weight doesn't change the effect of gravity on an object, the two pendulums still swing at the same rate. When you add a weight to the middle of the other pendulum, however, you effectively make it shorter.
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The Government of Trinidad & Tobago National Library And Information System Authority
Queen of the Sheba Imperial African Kingdoms Descendant Nations
Trinidadian born North-African Royal, Her Imperial Majesty Empress Shebah 'Ra – Queen Shebah lll was born in 1963 in Diego Martin, Trinidad, the 4th generation of migrated Nubian-Kushites of Nubia-Sheba Sudan, North-African Royals Ancestry. Queen Shebah III, as all of the family, lived a normal unassuming life in Trinidad and Tobago, and attended the Diego Martin Girls Roman Catholic School, and later Providence Girls Convent in Belmont, Trinidad.
Shebah III was born on September 19th 1963 to Asere - Kasambu 'Ra lines descendants, H.R.M Prince Michael I and H.R.M Queen Meryre/Mary 'Ra VII, the daughter of the late Nubian Imperial Matriarch Iris Meryre II, in Trinidad and Tobago, holding in accordance to Imperial Kingdoms tradition at birth as future Matriarch, the title of Imperial Queen, Shebah lll. Shebah III is the Sovereign Imperial Empress of the African Nubian Nations' Imperial Empire Kingdom of Sheba. The Sheba Imperial Empire Kingdoms is the Matriarchal Empire of Nubian Royal Kingdoms Nation throughout East, West, North, Southern and Central Africa Sheba/Nubia descendant Nations Lines of Africa's over 350 Major Empire Kingdom Nations and several thousand Royal Kingdom and Chiefdoms Nations on the African Continent.
H.I.M. Empress Shebah 'Ra – Queen Shebah III is the firstborn Grand-daughter of the late Imperial Empire Matriarch Iris Meryre II and a great-descendant Grand-daughter of the Royal Throne lines of King Abdul Shibah III. Shebah III is of the Northern Shibah Lines House of 'Ra - Asere Kasambu'Ra, 2nd Millennium 7th Dynasty Kingdoms Lineage of the Empire Kingdom Lines Nations of Sheba Imperial Empire of the descendant Empires and Royal Kingdoms Nations of Africa, of the House of Ra, Matriarchal Throne Line. The House of Ra is not an Islamic line, though the Empire Kingdom has both Islamic and non-Islamic Kingdom Nations under the Matriarchal Throne. It is from origin the Christian and traditional spiritual practices and beliefs lines. The Imperial Empire lines were a separate family line/branch of the Thrones' Islamic Royal lines of the Kingdom of Nubia descendants of present-day Nubia. The lines separated several centuries ago. ( Nalis BIOGRAPHIES S-Z )
Empress Shebah 'Ra - III Queen Of Sheba
SHEBAH III was born in Sierre Leone Diego Martin, Trinidad of its Northern Range St.Anns, Maraval and Paramin Family lines.
The island of Trinidad was a Spanish colony from the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1498 to the capitulation of the Spanish Governor, Don José María Chacón, on the arrival of a British fleet of 18 warships on 18 February 1797.[12] During the same period, the island of Tobago changed hands among SpanishBritishFrenchDutch and Courlander colonizers, more times than any other island in the Caribbean. Trinidad and Tobago (remaining separate until 1889) were ceded to Britain in 1802 under the Treaty of Amiens.[13] The country Trinidad and Tobago obtained independence in 1962, becoming a republic in 1976.
Trinidad and Tobago is the third richest country by GDP (PPP) per capita in the Americas after the United States and Canada. Furthermore, it is recognised as a high-income economy by the World Bank. Unlike most of the English-speaking Caribbean, the country's economy is primarily industrial,[14] with an emphasis on petroleum and petrochemicals. The country's wealth is attributed to its large reserves and exploitation of oil and natural gas.[15][16]


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for the heat to activate in a Volkswagen Passat. It is important to be patient and allow sufficient time for the heat to become effective, especially in colder temperatures.
Q: Can I Activate The Heat While The Vehicle Is In Motion?
When it comes to activating the heat in your Volkswagen Passat while the vehicle is in motion, it is important to consider safety guidelines. While adjusting the heat settings while driving, it is advisable to keep your attention on the road at all times. Avoid any distractions that may compromise your safety or the safety of other drivers. To turn on the heat, locate the heat control button or switch on the dashboard. Depending on your model, you may have options for adjusting the temperature, fan speed, and airflow direction. Adjust the settings according to your preference while keeping in mind the temperature outside and the comfort of all passengers. It is recommended to set the temperature and fan speed before you start driving to minimize distractions. Always prioritize safety when operating any features in your vehicle.
Q: Why Is There No Heat Coming Out Of The Vents In My Volkswagen Passat?
Are you wondering why there is no heat coming out of the vents in your Volkswagen Passat? There could be several potential causes for this issue:
- A malfunctioning thermostat might be preventing the heat from turning on.
- A low coolant level could be causing the lack of heat.
- The heater core might be clogged, restricting the flow of hot air.
- A faulty heater control valve could be preventing the hot coolant from reaching the heater core.
- A problem with the blower motor or its resistor may be hindering heat circulation.
If you are experiencing a lack of heat in your Volkswagen Passat, here are a few troubleshooting tips:
- Check the coolant level and ensure it is at the recommended level.
- Inspect the thermostat for any signs of malfunction and replace if necessary.
- Flush the heater core to remove any potential clogs.
- Examine the heater control valve and replace if faulty.
- Verify the functionality of the blower motor and its resistor.
- Have a mechanic inspect the blend door for any issues.
Addressing these potential causes and following the troubleshooting tips should help you turn on the heat in your Volkswagen Passat. If the issue persists, it is recommended to consult a professional mechanic for further assistance.
Frequently Asked Questions Of How To Turn On Heat In Volkswagen Passat
How Do I Turn On The Heat In My Volkswagen Passat?
To turn on the heat in your Volkswagen Passat, simply locate the climate control panel on your dashboard. Press the button labeled "Heat" or adjust the temperature control dial to the desired warmth. The heat will start flowing through the vents, ensuring a comfortable ride in colder weather.
Can I Adjust The Temperature Of The Heat In My Volkswagen Passat?
Yes, you can easily adjust the temperature of the heat in your Volkswagen Passat. Use the temperature control dial on the climate control panel to increase or decrease the warmth. This allows you to customize the heating experience based on your preference and the weather conditions outside.
Why Is The Heat Not Working In My Volkswagen Passat?
If the heat is not working in your Volkswagen Passat, there could be several reasons. First, check if the temperature control dial is set to a warm temperature. If it is, there may be an issue with the heating system, such as a malfunctioning thermostat or a blocked heater core.
It's best to have a professional mechanic diagnose and repair the problem.
How Long Does It Take For The Heat To Warm Up In A Volkswagen Passat?
The time it takes for the heat to warm up in your Volkswagen Passat can vary depending on various factors, including the outside temperature and the length of time the car has been running. Generally, it takes a few minutes for the heat to start flowing through the vents and provide a comfortable warmth inside the vehicle.
Activating the heat in your Volkswagen Passat is a simple process that can make a significant difference in your driving experience. By following the steps outlined in this blog post, you can ensure that you and your passengers stay comfortable and warm during the colder months.
Take advantage of this convenient feature and enjoy a cozy ride in your Volkswagen Passat. Stay warm and safe on the road!


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How to handle a hung flow
DavidBrickell 270001MT2R Visits (13274)
Sometimes when developing a flow we find that the flow becomes non-responsive. This can be caused by a few different reasons but one of the most common is that the flow is stuck in a logic loop.
This can be caused by poor code design or design of the flow itself. Even after identifying and fixing the logic within the flow, you are still stuck with the task of replacing the deployed flow within the Broker.
WebSphere Message Broker has built in recovery measures. This means, if the Broker detects that the EG has crashed or stopped unexpectedly, it will try to restart this process. To avoid the flow going back into its hung state, you should shut down the input source. For example, you can disable the input queue if using MQ as your input source. After this is done, you can kill the EG process. When the EG restarts you will see an error stating the message flow couldn't connect to the input source. From this point you can stop the message flow and then delete it.
This will allow you to redeploy the corrected flow to replace the old one.


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Bicycle scheme reveals rider behaviour
bike rider city
It's quicker to ride a bike than drive a car during city peak hours, a new French study has found (Source: Michelle Zeibots/)
Bike behaviour A study of a shared bicycle scheme has found riders travel faster on Wednesdays than other weekdays, and average speeds greater than cars in peak hour traffic.
Since the shared bicycle scheme was introduced in the French city of Lyon in 2005, the number of bicycles on the road has doubled.
In the past few years, shared bicycle schemes have been set up in many European and UK cities, as well as in Melbourne and Brisbane. Local government planners in Sydney are considering a similar scheme, which is expected to start in 2011.
The schemes make bicycles available in 'pods' throughout the city centre which anyone can use for a trip across town at little or no cost. The bicycle is then returned to the pod for others to use.
The bicycles in Lyon are fitted with onboard computers and accessed via smartcards. Between May 2005 and Dec 2007, data was collected from 11.6 million bicycle trips.
The study by Pablo Jensen and colleagues at the École Normale Supérieure de Lyon and published on the pre-press website, found during peak hour in the city, bicycles travelled about 15 kilometres per hour - up to 50% faster than cars.
Travel time for cars would be even slower, they say, if the time taken searching for a parking space was taken into account.
Perception cars are quicker
"What's interesting is that drivers do tend to underestimate how long it will take to get to a place by car, and overestimate how long it will take to get there by bicycle," says Elliot Fishman, director of the Institute for Sensible Transport in Melbourne.
"There's a perception that the car is fast and convenient, whereas a bicycle is only used if you don't have the means to travel by car.
"But what a lot of new cyclists say is how surprised they were at how quick it was to get to work."
He says the study found that bicycles tend to take the same routes as pedestrians, rather than cars, making use of footpaths, going the wrong way up one way streets and using bus lanes.
"Short cuts make a huge difference to the speed of bicycles … What we've seen internationally is that where planners have tried to maximise the accessibility of bicycle routes, there are much higher level of bicycle use compared with cities where the routes for bicycles and cars is the same."
Short cuts for bicycles might include paths through parks, pedestrian and bicycle bridges over waterways, and access for bicycles and walkers through dead end streets.
These measures counteract the slower speed of bicycles by making the travel distance shorter, Fishman says.
Social factors affect usage
Intriguingly, the study also found that bicycles travelled fastest on Wednesday mornings. This may be due, the authors say, to the fact that many women in France take Wednesdays off to look after children, leaving a higher proportion of male riders on the road.
"It would be interesting to replicate the study in Australia to see what social patterns were revealed in our transport behaviour," says Elaena Gardner, president of bicycleSydney.
For instance, she says, there's a difference between morning and afternoon peak times for bicycle use in Sydney, perhaps indicating more commuters leaving work after 7 pm.
"There is a general concern that any bicycle share scheme in Australia will suffer from our mandatory helmet legislation … having to bring a helmet does not make the share scheme convenient," she says.
Fishman says being required to wear a helmet is like "opening up a pub and then asking everybody to bring their own glasses".
"When people are leaving home at 7.30 am they are not thinking they'll use a bicycle share in the middle of the day, so they are not taking a helmet."


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|DIY Pickling for Your Spring Veggies|
|Written by Kimberley Stakal|
Typically reserved for the later summer months, the method of pickling foods originated as a means of preserving the summer bounty so there would still be healthy, delicious produce to eat in the harsher fall and winter months. But pickling is ideal for spring produce, as well. It enhances the bioavailability of the nutrients in the vegetables, enhances their natural flavor profiles and lets you hang on to the sweet, delicate nature of spring just a bit longer. Learn to pickle your favorite spring veggies with this simple recipe formula.
There is truly an abundance of produce at the farmers markets this month: Sweet peas, wild ramps, green garlic, white asparagus, miniature tender squashes—I could eat these delicate, invigorating spring foods year round if they were always available fresh. Luckily, by pickling them with a simple vinegar solution, their freshness can at least be preserved well into the heat of summer. Use this simple recipe formula to keep your favorite spring veggies around.
Pickled Spring Veggies Formula
Image: Kimberley Stakal


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A leading MNC bank in UAE had established its Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) division about a year and a half prior to this project. Sensing the huge opportunity in the SME space, the bank wanted to increase its focus on this segment. However, the UAE market was characterised by a dearth of publicly available information due to the "Tax-Free" nature of the economy which did not mandate the filing of annual books of accounts. The bank hence requested UC Strategy extensive research of the UAE market to identify focus sectors, growth potential and strategies to be adopted by the bank to target these segments. Such research would also give a first mover advantage to the bank as no other bank had access to such data.
To develop the SME strategy, UC Strategy adopted the following approach:
- Conducted primary research amongst 100 SMEs to identify industry trends, banking needs etc.
- Calculated the banking wallet size for leading SME segments
- Prioritised focus segments
- Conducted competitor research to understand key focus segments of the competition, their perspective of the market, future strategy etc.
- Analysed the impact of the real estate boom and Islamic banking on the SME segments
- Defined an agenda for action for the bank based on:
- Product Focus
- Geography Focus (relative importance of Dubai, Abu Dhabi and Sharjah)
- Community Focus
- Value Proposition
- Points of Parity and Points of Differentiation
UC Strategy delivered its market research on the SME sector in the UAE, along with recommendations of areas to focus on, growth potential and strategies to be adopted.


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Romans go drinking
This Roman pot was made in Highgate Wood, close to Muswell Hill. The potter may have intended its shiny finish to look like pewter. The Romans would have used the vessel for drinking wine or beer. It was made between ad 70 and 160.
How was the beaker made?
Clay was dug out of the ground around Highgate Wood. The potters removed any stones or roots before 'throwing' the pot on a fast-turning wheel. They then dipped the beaker in liquid clay or'slip', so that it would have a clean, glossy surface. They used a comb to apply the dots, then fired the pot in a kiln heated with wood or charcoal.
Roman potters of Highgate Wood
Local potters seem to have had years of experience making pots - long before the Roman invasion of ad 43. As Roman London grew, they saw a business opportunity supplying jars, bowls and beakers to the Romans.
Archaeologists discovered at least ten kilns in Highgate Wood during the 1960s and 1970s. You can't see the kilns now, but the Information Centre in Highgate Wood has information about the Romans and the local environment.
Find out more about the Highgate Wood Information Centre
Museum number 3097


Written by 23:46 Database development, Statements
Ranking Functions in SQL Server
Suppose you are designing an SQL Server database application for a company's CEO and you have to display the fifth most highly paid employee in the company.
What would you do? One solution is to write a query like this:
SELECT EmployeeName
FROM Employees
ORDER BY Salary DESC
OFFSET 4 ROWS
FETCH FIRST 1 ROWS ONLY;
The query above looks cumbersome, particularly if you have to rank all of the employees. In that case, one solution is to list the employees by descending order of salary and then take the index of the employee as the rank. However, things get complicated if the multiple employees have the same salary. How would you rank them?
Fortunately, SQL Server comes with built-in ranking functions that can be used to rank records in a variety of ways. In this article, we will introduce SQL server ranking functions in detail illustrating it with the examples.
There are four different types of ranking function in SQL Server:
 - Rank()
 - Dense_Rank()
 - Row Number()
 - Ntile()
It is important to mention that all the ranking functions in SQL server require the ORDER BY clause.
Before we look at each of the ranking functions in detail, first, let us create dummy data that we will be using in this article to explain the ranking function. Execute the following script:
CREATE DATABASE Showroom
Use Showroom
CREATE TABLE Car
(
CarId int identity(1,1) primary key,
Name varchar(100),
Make varchar(100),
Model int ,
Price int ,
Type varchar(20)
)
insert into Car( Name, Make, Model , Price, Type)
VALUES ('Corrolla','Toyota',2015, 20000,'Sedan'),
('Civic','Honda',2018, 25000,'Sedan'),
('Passo','Toyota',2012, 18000,'Hatchback'),
('Land Cruiser','Toyota',2017, 40000,'SUV'),
('Corrolla','Toyota',2011, 17000,'Sedan'),
('Vitz','Toyota',2014, 15000,'Hatchback'),
('Accord','Honda',2018, 28000,'Sedan'),
('7500','BMW',2015, 50000,'Sedan'),
('Parado','Toyota',2011, 25000,'SUV'),
('C200','Mercedez',2010, 26000,'Sedan'),
('Corrolla','Toyota',2014, 19000,'Sedan'),
('Civic','Honda',2015, 20000,'Sedan')
In the script above, we create Showroom database with one table Car. The Car table has five attributes: CarId, Name, Make, Model, Price and Type.
Next, we added 12 dummy records in the Car table.
Now, you see each of the ranking functions.
1. Rank Function
The rank function in SQL server assigns rank to each record ordered by the ORDER BY clause. For instance, if you want to see the fifth most expensive car in the Car table, you can use the rank function as follows:
Use Showroom
SELECT Name,Make,Model, Price, Type,
RANK() OVER(ORDER BY Price DESC) as PriceRank
FROM Car
In the script above, select the Name, Make, Model, Price, Type and the rank of each car ordered by Price as the "PriceRank" column. The syntax for Rank function is simple. You have to write the function RANK followed by the OVER operator. Inside the OVER operator, you need to pass the ORDER BY clause that sorts the data. The output of the script above looks like this:
You can see the rank for each car. It is important to mention that if there is a tie between the ranks of two records, the next ranking position is skipped. For instance, there is a tie between record 5 and 6 in the output. Both Parado and Civic have equal prices, and hence have been ranked 5. However, the next rank, in particular, rank 6 is skipped and the next two cars in the list have been ranked 7 since they also have same price. After the 7th rank, the rank 8 is skipped again and the next assigned rank is 9.
You can divide the data into partitions and then apply ranking to individual partitions. In the following script, there is the partition of the records by type. We rank the cars inside each partition.
SELECT Name,Make,Model, Price, Type,
RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY Type ORDER BY Price DESC) as PriceRank
FROM Car
The output of the script above looks like this:
It is evident from the output that the records have been partitioned according to car types and the rank has been assigned locally inside the partition. For instance, the first two records belong to partition "Hatchback" and have been ranked 1 and 2. For the next partition, i.e. "Sedan", the rank is reset to 1.
2. Dense_Rank Function
The dense_rank function is similar to the rank function. However, in case of dense_rank, if there is a tie between two records in terms of the rank, the next rank is not skipped. Let's see demonstrate it with the example. Execute the following script:
Use Showroom
SELECT Name,Make,Model, Price, Type,
DENSE_RANK() OVER(ORDER BY Price DESC) as DensePriceRank
FROM Car
Again you can see that the 5th and 6th record has the same value for Price and both have been assigned rank 5. However, unlike rank function that skipped the next rank, the dense_rank function doesn't skip the next rank, and the rank 6 has been assigned to the next record.
Like rank function, the dense_rank function can also be applied to the partition by clause. Look at the following script:
SELECT Name,Make,Model, Price, Type,
DENSE_RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY Type ORDER BY Price DESC) as DensePriceRank
FROM Car
The output of the script above looks like this:
3. Row_Number Function
The row_number function also ranks the records according to the conditions specified by the ORDER BY clause. However, unlike the rank and dense_rank functions, the row_number function doesn't assign same rank where there are duplicate values for the column specified by the ORDER BY clause. Look at the following script:
SELECT Name,Make,Model, Price, Type,
DENSE_RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY Type ORDER BY Price DESC) as DensePriceRank
FROM Car
The output of the script above looks like this:
From the script above, you can see that both 5th and 6th records have the same value for Price column, but the rank assigned to them is different.
Similarly, the row_number function can be applied to the partitioned data. Look at the following script for example.
SELECT Name,Make,Model, Price, Type,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY Type ORDER BY Price DESC) AS PriceRankRow
FROM Car
The output of the script above looks like this:
4. NTILE Function
NTILE function groups the ranking. Suppose you have 12 records in a table, and you want to rank them into groups of 4. The first three records will have rank 1, the next three records will have rank 2 and so on.
Let's take a look at an example of the NTILE function.
Use Showroom
SELECT Name,Make,Model, Price, Type,
NTILE(4) OVER(ORDER BY Price DESC) as NtilePrice
FROM Car
In the above script, we passed 4 as a parameter to the NTILE function. Since we have 12 records, you will see a total of 4 different ranks where 1 rank will be assigned to three records. The output looks like this:
You can see that the first three most expensive cars have been ranked 1, the next three have been ranked 2 and so on.
The NTILE function can also be applied to the partitioned data. Look at the following script:
SELECT Name,Make,Model, Price, Type,
NTILE(4) OVER(PARTITION BY Type ORDER BY Price DESC) as NtilePrice
FROM Car
Conclusion
Ranking functions in SQL Server are used to rank data in different ways. In this read, we introduced different types of ranking functions with the examples. The rank and dense_rank functions give same rank to the data with same values in the ORDER BY clause whereas the row_number function ranks the record in incremental way even if there is a tie.
In case of no duplicate records in the column specified by the ORDER BY clause, rank, dense_rank and row_number functions behave in a similar manner.
Tags: , Last modified: September 20, 2021
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The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) announced recently the completion of an interagency effort with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) to digitize declassified deck logs to process claims faster for eligible Vietnam-era veterans.
The U.S. Navy and Coast Guard deck logs within NARA contain helpful information being used to validate claims for Blue Water Navy (BWN) veterans who served in the offshore waters of the Republic of Vietnam, to establish presumption to herbicide exposure for service-connected disability benefits.
"The team at NARA recognizes the importance of this effort making it easier for BWN veterans to receive the benefits they've earned without burdening them with paperwork," said VA Secretary Robert Wilkie.
"Since January 1, VA has processed thousands of claims and encourages every veteran, dependent and surviving spouse who is eligible to file a claim as soon as possible."
Data contained in deck logs is used when deciding VA benefit claims. Also known as ship logs or captain's logs, information was manually inputted to chronologically document the daily activities of a navy ship or unit.
VA provided the digital images of deck logs to NARA, available in the National Archives Catalog.
"Through this scanning project, VA contractors digitized declassified Navy and Coast Guard deck logs from _PHONE_ in NARA's holdings, including the log of the hospital ship USS Sanctuary, which I served aboard during the Vietnam conflict," said archivist of the United States David S. Ferriero. "As a veteran from this era, I recognize the unprecedented value this provides to veterans making these logs easily accessible online."
Digitization of all available Navy deck logs for ships that served in Vietnam were completed in December 2019, while Coast Guard deck logs were completed in September.
Veterans, dependents and surviving spouses may contact approved Veterans Service Organizations (_URL_ for assistance in filling a claim. Learn more about Agent Orange at _URL_ eligibility/hazardous-materials-exposure/ agent-orange/navy-coast-guard-shipsvietnam/ or call _PHONE_ for more information.
The Blue Water Navy Vietnam Veterans Act of 2019, signed into law by President Trump June 25, 2019, and effective January 1, extends the presumption of service connection for certain diseases associated with herbicide exposure. To date, VA has collectively awarded $641 million to more than 22,524 Blue Water Navy Veterans or survivors.


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This past month, Arizona and Nevada were flooded by monsoon rains, with Phoenix recording 3.3 inches of rain in just seven hours, a record for the city. This led to flash floods in there and in Nevada, causing much road damage as detailed in the video below:
Everyone knows rain in the desert is rare - that is what defines a desert. However, when the rare rains do come, the ground is frequently so inhospitable to water that flooding results, and the water quickly rushes away back to rivers and streams toward the ocean. We are unable to use the water for irrigation purposes, and the vegetation that would be able to use it is frequently swept away.
Is there a way to harvest this rainfall, all while slowly flash flooding? We know trees slow the speed which rainfall reaches the ground with their leaves force the water to slowly percolate down to the ground. Also, trees planted along waterways (called riparian buffers) serve as physical barriers to water rushing into already swollen streams. Tree roots also loosen the soil, allowing compacted desert earth (called hardpan) to accept water rather than running it off like glass. So, clearly planting more trees in the desert would be a valid way to help with flood control.
However, trees don't easily get established in the desert. As mentioned, most rainfall comes in a very short period in the desert, and the ground does not absorb it. This process is explained in the video below.
So, trees (and other plants) need a stored source of water to continue living after the monsoon-like rains disappear. For this purpose, a device called the Groasis Waterboxx was invented. The Groasis Waterboxx is a self-refilling water battery for trees, a dew and rain collector that stores water and slowly releases it to the roots of a growing plant. The principles of the Waterboxx are explained below.
Since the Waterboxx can be completely refilled with just 4 inches of rain, once yearly monsoons can provide much of the water a tree needs. In fact, the Waterboxx had an 88-99% success rate sustaining young trees for one year in the Sahara desert planting trial.
After the tree grows and gets almost too large for the Waterboxx, the Waterboxx can be removed and reused for other trees for up to ten years. The Waterboxx planted tree will have deep roots that reach underground capillary water, allowing it to survive the periods between rains without dying. The deep roots also prevent the tree from being washed away during stores, a serious problem with store bought trees with shallow roots.
Dew Harvest LLC was started because we saw the incredible value of the Waterboxx, and we hoped to encourage its use in the United States. We believe huge numbers of trees could be established with this device, storing carbon, mitigating floods, providing food for wildlife and profit and enjoyment to landowners. Learn more about the Waterboxx, or buy the Waterboxx here.