How Many Hospital Falls Per Year?
How often do patients fall in hospitals?
Falls that occur in hospitalized patients are a widespread and serious threat to patient safety.
Accidental falls are among the most common incidents reported in hospitals3 complicating approximately 2% of hospital stays.
Rates of falls in US hospitals range from 3.3 to 11.5 falls per 1,000 patient days..
What are the 3 types of inpatient falls?
According to Morse,21 inpatient falls can be classified into three categories: accidental falls (derived from extrinsic factors, such as environmental considerations), anticipated physiologic falls (derived from intrinsic physiologic factors, such as confusion), and unanticipated physiologic falls (derived from …
Can the risk of falling be removed?
Such activities reduce the risk of falls by improving strength, balance, coordination and flexibility. If you avoid physical activity because you're afraid it will make a fall more likely, tell your doctor. He or she may recommend carefully monitored exercise programs or refer you to a physical therapist.
What is a risk factor for falls in older adults?
Risk factors for falls in the elderly include increasing age, medication use, cognitive impairment and sensory deficits.
What is the root cause of patient falls?
Root causes of patient falls were tilting of the OR bed, problems with safety restraints, malfunctioning OR bed or gurney locks, inadequate patient sedation and poor communication among staff.
What drugs increase risk of falling?
Medications that increase your risk of fallingAnti-anxiety drugs, such as diazepam (Valium) and lorazepam (Ativan)Diphenhydramine (Benadryl), an older antihistamine. … Prescription medications to treat overactive bladder, such as oxybu-tynin (Ditropan) and tolterodine (Detrol).Tricyclic antidepressants.More items…
What is fall risk in hospital?
They are often present in a patient room when a patient is trying to get up or walking to the bathroom. If the housekeeping staff knows a yellow alert means "Fall Risk," and they see a patient trying to get up, they can call the nursing staff to alert them and potentially prevent a fall.
How much does a patient fall cost a hospital?
Each year, 700,000 to 1,000,000 patients fall in U.S. hospitals. Of those patients who fall, 30%-35% will sustain an injury, and each injury, on average, adds more than six days to a patient's hospital stay. That adds up to an average cost of a fall with injury to more than $14,000 per patient.
How much does a fall with injury cost a hospital?
On average, the hospitalization cost for a fall injury is $34,294 (in 2012 dollars). According to the CDC falls are the leading cause of injury death for Americans 65 years and older. Each year, one in three adults 65 and older falls at least once.
What should be put in place to reduce the risk of falling?
Prevention FallsAvoiding falls at home. Tips for preventing falls in the home include: … Strength and balance training. Doing regular strength exercises and balance exercises can improve your strength and balance, and reduce your risk of having a fall. … Medication review. … Sight tests. … Home hazard assessment. … Alcohol.
How common are hospital falls?
Falls among hospital inpatients are common, generally ranging from 2.3 to 7 falls per 1,000 patient-days. Approximately 30% of inpatient falls result in injury, with 4% to 6% resulting in serious injury. These serious fall-related injuries can include fractures, subdural hematomas, excessive bleeding, and even death.
Who is most at risk for falls?
Men are more likely than women to die from a fall, with a fatality rate that is 49% higher than women. Women, however, are more likely than men to have a non-fatal injury from a fall — like a broken bone. This leads to more frequent — and longer — hospital admissions for women.
Are all falls preventable?
But falls are preventable and do not have to be an inevitable part of aging. Every second of every day, an older adult (age 65+) suffers a fall in the U.S.—making falls the leading cause of injury and injury death in this age group.
What happens to your body when you fall down?
Two, the muscle or group of muscles can go into spasm, creating more pain and discomfort through multiple areas of the body. Thirdly, the vibration of a fall can resonate up the spine and into the neck, creating other things that need to be addressed.
Why are falls in the hospital bad?
Falls are devastating to patients, family members, and providers. A single fall may result in a fear of falling that can begin a downward spiral of reduced mobility, leading to loss of function and further falls. There have been many published research studies regarding falls.
When do most falls occur in the hospital?
Most falls occur during the day; only 20% of falls occur at night [11]. Of those at night, most occur between 9 pm and 7 am, perhaps when older people wake up to use the bathroom.
Why do the elderly die after a fall?
"People can die after a fall for many reasons, which may include head trauma, internal bleeding and complications of a bone fracture," he said. "Fractures can lead to hospitalization, immobility in bed and respiratory or other infections, which can be fatal." Several steps can be taken to reduce the risk, Pahor said.
How many falls occur in hospitals each year?
Each year, somewhere between 700,000 and 1,000,000 people in the United States fall in the hospital. A fall may result in fractures, lacerations, or internal bleeding, leading to increased health care utilization. Research shows that close to one-third of falls can be prevented.
When would someone falling become a cause for concern?
Can family sue hospital for fall?
The short answer is that it depends on the circumstances surrounding the fall, and what caused it. In almost every situation where someone falls in a hospital, any lawsuit filed over the incident will be governed by one of two legal concepts: medical malpractice, or. ordinary negligence.
How do nurses reduce falls?
Nurses described three primary strategies used to prevent falls: (a) identify patients at risk; (b) place bed/chair alarms on patients; and (c) run to alarms.
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I'm wondering if any one knows a javascript formula which calculates the max number of tiles that would appear on the user's screen at any given time based on their screen size...
For example: If we say the screen size is 1200pixels by 600pixels and the tiles are 64 pixels by 32 pixels.
In a birds eye view this is easy to calculate but isometric kinda makes it all a bit more confusing for me to understand how to implement such a calculation in my code.
Does any one have any insight how to calculate it?
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What are the details of the plane? E.g. the distance and angle from the screen? – Phil H Apr 5 '12 at 14:09
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2 Answers
up vote 0 down vote accepted
Assuming you are counting only tiles that fit fully (without getting cut-off):
 var verticalCount = Math.floor(windowHeight / tileHeight);
 var horizontalCount = Math.floor(windowWidth / tileWidth);
 var totalCount = verticalCount * horizontalCount;
If you want to count also tiles that fit partially (getting cut off by the window), just change both instances of Math.floor to Math.ceil above.
share|improve this answer
This only works for birds eye view, in isometric you end up with empty spaces in all 4 corners. The maths is different because the tiles are essentially at an angle. I already tried you're approach :P – Dave Mar 9 '12 at 1:26
If this answer is not sufficient, I suggest you un-accept it. – Phil H Apr 5 '12 at 14:08
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If you are wanting to fill the screen with isometric tiles, not a board, and not counting the half tiles that could be displayed, then the formula would be
var cols = Math.floor(windowWidth/tileWidth)
var rows = Math.floor(windowHeight/tileHeight)
var totalCount = (rows * cols) + ((rows-1)*cols)
this will give you the number of complete isometric tiles that can fit in that space.
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Connecting Node-RED to Azure IoT Central
2019年1月22日 に投稿済み
Principal PM Manager, Azure IoT
Today I want to show how simple it is to connect a temperature/humidity sensor to Azure IoT Central using a Raspberry Pi and Node-RED.
As many of you know, Raspberry Pi is a small, single-board computer. Its low cost, low power nature makes it a natural fit for IoT projects. Node-RED is a flow-based, drag and drop programming tool designed for IoT. It enables the creation of robust automation flows in a web browser, simplifying IoT project development.
For my example, I'm using a Raspberry Pi 3 Model B and a simple DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor, but it should work with other models of the Pi. If you have a different kind of sensor, you should be able to adapt the guide below to use it, provided you can connect Node-RED to your sensor.
Configuring Azure IoT Central
 1. Create an app.
 2. Create a new device template.
 - Temp (temp)
 - Humidity (humidity)
 3. Create a real device and get the DPS connection information.
 4. Use dps-keygen to provision the device and get a device connection string.
 - Identify the three parts of the resulting connection string and save them for later.
Connecting the DHT22 sensor
Before we can get data from our DHT22 sensor, we need to connect it to the pi. The DHT22 typically has three pins broken out, but some of them have four. If you have one with four, check the datasheet to confirm which pins are voltage (may be shown as +, VCC or VDD), data (or signal), and ground.
With the pi powered off, use jumper wires to connect your DHT22 as shown below:
Use jumper wires to connect your DHT22
NOTE: The power jumper (red) should go to 3.3V, data jumper (yellow) should go to GPIO4 and the ground jumper (black) should go to ground. Some boards are different, so double-check your connections!
Installing required software
I started by installing Raspbian Lite using the guide. Then, I installed Node-RED. At this point you should be able to open a browser and visit to see the Node-RED interface. Next, install the Azure IoT Hub nodes for Node-RED. The easiest way to do this is from the Node-RED interface, using the Manage Palette command.
Install the DHT22 nodes. Unfortunately, since this node has some lower-level hardware requirements, it can't be installed through the Manage Palette command. Please follow the instructions using the link above.
Configuring the flow
Now that you have Node-RED up and running on your pi, you're ready to create your flow. By default, Node-RED should already have a flow called "Flow 1," but if you can easily create a new one by selecting the (+) icon above the canvas.
Starting the flow with the inject node
The first node we will add to this flow is an input node. For this example, we will use the inject node which simply injects an arbitrary JSON document into the flow. From the input section in the palette, drag the node from the palette on the left onto the canvas. Then, double select it to open the configuration window. Set the node properties as shown below:
Starting the flow with the inject node
This node will simply inject a JSON object where the payload is set to a timestamp. We don't really care about that value. This is just a simple way to kick off the flow.
Getting data from the DHT22
In the Node-RED palette, find the rpi dht22 node and drag it onto the canvas. Double click on it to open the configuration window, and set the node properties as shown below:
The rpi dht22 node configuration window
Connect the inject node to the rpi dht22 node by dragging the little handle from one to the other.
Reformatting the message
The JSON message produced by the DHT22 node isn't formatted correctly for sending to Azure IoT, so we need to fix that. We will use the change node to do this, so drag it out from the palette onto the canvas and connect it to the DHT22 node. Double click on it to open the configuration window and set the node properties as shown below:
How to edit the change node
For the functional part of this node, we will use JSONata, which is a query and transformation language for JSON documents. After selecting the JSONata type in the to selector, select the […] button to open the editor and enter the following:
Expression editor
Here we are extracting the temperature and humidity values from the input JSON message and putting them inside the data element in the resulting JSON message. We're also adding the device ID and shared access key which you got from the Device Connection String earlier.
Sending the data to Azure IoT Central
Now that we've got the JSON message ready, find the Azure IoT Hub node in the palette and drag it onto the canvas. Again, double click on it to open the configuration window and set the properties as shown here:
Azure IoT Hub node
Confirming your message and debugging
The final node we will add to our flow is a debug node, which simply outputs the message it is given to the debug panel in Node-RED. Connect it to the end of the flow (after Azure IoT Hub) and set the name to "Hub Response."
If you're interested in seeing the JSON message at any point in the flow, you can add more debug nodes anywhere you want. You can enable or disable the output of a debug node by selecting the little box on the right side of the node.
The flow
Here is what your flow should look like. I've added a couple of extra debug nodes while developing this flow, but you can see that only the Hub Response node is enabled.
The flow
Before you can run the flow, you need to deploy it from the workspace. To do this select the red Deploy button at the top right of the Node-RED screen. Then, simply select the little box on the left of the every minute node and it will start. Since we configured that node to run every minute, it will continue to send messages to Azure IoT Central until you stop it by either disabling the flow or redeploying.
Pop back over to your IoT Central app and you should start seeing data within a minute or so.
IoT Central App
As you can see, connecting Node-RED to Azure IoT Central is pretty simple. This is a great way to quickly prototype and experiment with different sensors and message payloads without having to write any code! You can also use this approach for creating gateways or protocol translators so you can easily connect almost anything to Azure IoT Central.
Appendix: Flow source
If you want to just copy-paste the whole thing in instead of building it up yourself, you can import the following JSON into Node-RED and just update the three values from your Device Connection String (see the instructions above).
[{"id":"9e47273a.f12738", "type":"tab", "label":"DHT22-IoTC", "disabled":false, "info":""}, {"id":"b3d8f5b6.a243b8", "type":"debug", "z":"9e47273a.f12738", "name":"Hub Response", "active":true, "tosidebar":true, "console":false, "tostatus":false, "complete":"true", "x":740, "y":340, "wires":[]}, {"id":"117b0c09.6b3a04", "type":"azureiothub", "z":"9e47273a.f12738", "name":"Azure IoT Hub", "protocol":"mqtt", "x":520, "y":340, "wires":[["b3d8f5b6.a243b8"]]}, {"id":"ee333823.1d33a8", "type":"inject", "z":"9e47273a.f12738", "name":"", "topic":"", "payload":"", "payloadType":"date", "repeat":"60", "crontab":"", "once":false, "onceDelay":"", "x":210, "y":120, "wires":[["38f14b0d.96eb14"]]}, {"id":"38f14b0d.96eb14", "type":"rpi-dht22", "z":"9e47273a.f12738", "name":"", "topic":"rpi-dht22", "dht":22, "pintype":"0", "pin":4, "x":400, "y":120, "wires":[["f0bfed44.e988b"]]}, {"id":"f0bfed44.e988b", "type":"change", "z":"9e47273a.f12738", "name":"", "rules":[{"t":"set", "p":"payload", "pt":"msg", "to":"{\t \"deviceId\":\"{YOUR DEVICE ID} \", \t \"key\":\"{YOUR KEY}\", \t \"protocol\":\"mqtt\", \t \"data\": {\t \"temp\": $number(payload), \t \"humidity\": $number(humidity)\t \t }\t\t}", "tot":"jsonata"}], "action":"", "property":"", "from":"", "to":"", "reg":false, "x":280, "y":


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A research conducted by Gallup reveals that Singaporeans stand as the less emotional nation in the world, while Filipinos are their absolute opposite.
Over 150 countries have been involved in Gallup's direct or telephone interviews. The survey started in 2009 and ended in 2011, with about 1,000 people over the age of 15 have been interviewed, Live Science
People were offered five positive emotions (enjoyment, smiling and laughing a lot, feeling well-rested, being treated with respect and learning or doing something interesting) and five negative ones (sadness, anger, physical pain, stress and worry) and were asked to say whether or not they had felt these emotions throughout the previous day.
Making an average between the countries' inhabitants and the number of people who gave an affirmative response to the given emotions affecting them, researchers concluded that Singaporeans were the most emotionless people studied.
Only 36% of Singaporeans manifest these emotions on a daily basis.
Singapore was followed by Georgia, Lithuania, Russia, Madagascar and Ukraine in the top of the less emotional countries.
At the opposite side of the list stood the Philippines, with 60 percent of inhabitants declaring to be experiencing these emotions daily. After the Philippines come Salvador, Bahrain, Oman, Colombia, Chile and Costa Rica. (See full list of most and least emotional countries here
Researchers have also made a hierarchy considering the negative and positive emotions separately.
It turned out that North Africa and countries in the Middle East register the highest level of negative emotions, with Iraq, Palestinian Territories and Bahrain standing on top of the list.
Meanwhile, Latin America comes first in terms of positive feelings, with Panama, Paraguay and Venezuela on top.
Although the relation between a country's economic status and its population's level of negative feelings experienced appears clear in the hierarchy above, researchers say that even with a substantial melioration in this field the problem might not get solved.
Singapore can be given as example: with one of the lowest unemployment levels in the world and one of the highest gross domestic products, it is still a people with very few positive feelings.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Vegetarian Restaurants Near Me
Though many restaurants offer vegetarian options, finding a true blue vegetarian restaurant can make all the difference in finding a variety of meals that can suit your lifestyle and beliefs. Some individuals choose the vegetarian way of life for health reasons, while others adopt the diet due to moral beliefs or religions. Whatever the reason, it's a great lifestyle that has many health and ecological benefits.
Are you interested in finding a vegetarian restaurant near you? Simply browse vegetarian restaurants near me on the map below and find a list of vegetarian restaurants located in close proximity to your current location. Need a bit more information on vegetarian restaurants? Read on for interesting facts, trivia, and more!
Vegetarian Restaurants Near Me – Find it on the Map
Vegetarian Restaurants Near Me – Vegetarian Restaurants Trivia
When did vegetarianism start?
In the present day, it's not unusual for someone to adopt a vegetarian or vegan diet. In fact, it's one of the most popular food related lifestyle changes that many individuals choose to make. The question is, when did vegetarianism first start and for what reasons? Did the ideals of early vegetarians match the ideas of those in the modern day? Consider these facts as you search vegetarian restaurants near me. According to many historians, vegetarianism first found favor with many great figures of the classical world in 500 BCE. Most notably was renowned vegetarian and mathematician, Pythagoras. Pythagoras was a known independent thinker who formed his own ideas and opinions rather than caving to public pressures or popular opinion. He was the first to argue that women were on equal ground intellectually and the first to to teach openly that all animals should be treated as kindred spirits. In his teachings of animal kindness, Pythagoras asked that people abstain from eating meat. This concept partly mirrored the traditions of earlier civilizations such as Babylonia and Egypt. The vegetarian ideology was practiced among many religious groups in Egypt around 3,200 BCE, with many abstaining from flesh or wearing animal derived clothing. This was due to a karmic believe in reincarnation.
Which religion has always included vegetarianism?
Many religions have always involved some degree of vegetarianism, due to a belief in reincarnation and the soul's cycle of on this plane and in many others. One religion where vegetarianism has always been prominent is Buddhism. In Buddhism, compassion for all living creatures is a central belief. It is believed that all souls are equal, but not necessarily eternal. They believe that both humans and animals possess a Buddha-nature, therefore each of the potential to become enlightened. Buddhists believe that reincarnation holds for both humans and animals. All creatures are on a path to purification and enlightenment. Because of this regard for animal life and the sacred nature of the soul itself, Buddhists abstain from eating any kind of animal flesh.As you search vegetarian restaurants near me, consider why you decided to adopt the vegetarian lifestyle. Was it a moral choice or a way to adopt better eating habits?
Vegetarian Restaurants Near Me – Vegetarian Restaurants Facts
A Healthy Choice
Though many vegetarians adopt the diet out of moral beliefs and religion, many also adopt vegetarianism out of a desire to lead a healthier life. According to some doctors, a vegetarian diet has the potential to increase the body's metabolism. This can help the body to burn fat calories a whopping sixteen percent faster than the body of someone who consumes meat at every meal or on a daily basis. Many vegetarians also consume a greater amount of vegetables that are high in vitamins and minerals that can help give your body a healthy boost. The only vitamin that many vegetarians don't garner enough of in their diet is B12. This is one of the few nutrients that comes only from animal sources. Vitamin B12 deficiency can be tied to weakening bones, drops in energy, and hormonal imbalances. Of course, you can always supplement your vegetarian diet with B12 supplements or ask a doctor about receiving weekly B12 shots or a prescription strength vitamin. When you first start your vegetarian diet, make sure you are eating balanced meals that included some kind of protein (even in the form of tofu or soy), fiber, and a blend of vegetables, fruits or grains. If you're searching vegetarian restaurants near me, know that many vegetarian meals are curated to meet nutritional needs, though this isn't true of restaurants that are are not strictly vegetarian but offer a few vegetarian dishes.
An IQ Link To Vegetarianism?
While searching vegetarian restaurants near me, you likely aren't too inclined to consider just how your IQ might affect your dietary choices. However, some researchers are saying there most certainly is a link. British researchers have found that a children's IQ can predict their likelihood of becoming vegetarians as adults and young adults. This can also lower their risk for a cardiovascular disease in the process. According to the study, the higher a child's IQ was, the more likely they were to become a vegetarian later in life. Those with lower IQs were less apt to adopt a vegetarian diet or to even peer into the lifestyle choice. The connection could possibly be linked to an individual's ability to logic and reason, as well as their interest and education on social causes. All of these factors likely contribute to why one would adopt a vegetarian lifestyle given a higher IQ.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Please email for score inquiries
Silkys (2020) for oboe and field recordings
Catherine Lee and Juniana Lanning
In Silkys, a blended sound world is created by exploring sounds and movements of the Bombyx mori (domestic silkworm moth) that highlights the beautiful, unexpected, and often overlooked aspects of the organism through its developmental stages and eventual metamorphosis into an adult silkworm moth. I have spent the past four summers raising Bombyx mori, and they have been and continue to be a profound source of inspiration. Originally conceived as a live performance, Silkys evolved into a fixed media work from our respective isolations during Covid -19. It was premiered at ISSTA 2020: Sonic Practice Now and is included on the album Remote Together (Redshift, 2021). This score was created to facilitate a live performance at the request of Nicholas Daniel. Just as the Bombyx mori cocoons and transforms, so too has our existence and work changed during this time of seclusion.
a tiny dance (2008) for solo oboe
a tiny dance (2008), was created for the dance piece Wet? by POV dance and performed at Ten Tiny Dances South Waterfront Project in Portland, Oregon, in August 2008. Two dancers were restricted to moving within a space of four square feet that also contained a cement ledge, a banister, and a section of a small waterfall. The dancers used their bodies to demonstrate the variety of movements that were possible in this restricted space. They incorporated all of the elements, including the waterfall, sometimes dipping their toes in the water or splashing. I wanted the music to reflect the obstacle of being confined while at the same time finding beauty and self-expression within those confines. The movement of the water was an inspiration; it ripples, flows, splashes, evaporates, and reflects. I tried to show these aspects in the music. I based the work on three things, the note b', which has the most timbral fingerings on the oboe; the interval of the tritone, to create a feeling of reaching; and finally, the whole-tone scale, which includes both these aspects. I created a structure that was free enough that I could reflect the timing of the dancers' movements and we could be joined as a united entity. a tiny dance is included on the album social sounds (Teal Creek, 2013).

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Effective Number of Bits (ENOB): The Best Digitizer Performance Metric
While the nominal vertical resolution of a high-speed waveform digitizer (specified in bits) is often promoted, its true performance is provided by its measured Dynamic Parameters and in particular by its Effective Number of Bits (ENOB). This article describes the measurement of the Dynamic Parameters and presents measurements for a leading-edge GaGe 12-bit Digitizer.
A widely used digitizer-like device, the Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO), is optimized for the visualization of unknown signals. The relatively low 8-bit vertical resolution of most DSOs is sufficient for signal visualization and is offered at the highest sampling rates (~200 Giga Samples/second). Furthermore, high-end DSOs are often optimized for the determination of signal edge positions in the time domain, such as in eye-diagram measurements. Accordingly, product marketing typically promotes DSO's high input bandwidth and vertical performance parameters are not emphasized.
By downloading a white paper, the details of your profile might be shared with the creator of the content and you may be contacted by them directly.


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Scientists find 'no fingerprint' gene mutation - 08-06-2011, 04:41 AM
Scientists find 'no fingerprint' gene mutation
Some people are born without fingerprints
Continue reading the main story Related Stories
Scientists believe they have identified the genetic flaw behind an incredibly rare condition in which people having no fingerprints.
A study published in the American Journal of Human Genetics looked at one Swiss family, many of whom have no fingerprints.
By analysing their DNA, researchers identified the SMARCAD1 gene.
Researchers said "virtually nothing" was known about how the gene functioned in the skin.
Normally fingers are covered with ridges called dermatoglyphs which are fully formed before birth.
Passport problems Only four families have been diagnosed with the fingerprint-less condition known as adermatoglyphia.
It is more popularly referred to as "immigration delay disease" due to problems patient say they have getting through airports.
In this study, researchers from the Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center in Israel looked at the genetic code of 16 members of a family. Seven had fingerprints, nine were born without.
They found that a shorter version of the SMARCAD1 gene was expressed in the skin and that patients who did not have fingerprints had mutations in the gene.
The lead researcher Professor Eli Sprecher said: "Our findings implicate a skin-specific version of SMARCAD1 in the regulation of fingerprint development.
"Little is known about the function of full-length SMARCAD1 and virtually nothing regarding the physiological role of the skin-specific version of the gene".
Full length SMARCAD1 is thought to control the activity of other genes.
He added: "As abnormal fingerprints are known to sometimes herald severe disorders, our finding may also impact the understanding of additional diseases affecting not only the skin."
|find, fingerprint, gene, mutation, scientists|


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Minister of Energy and Mines, Bright Msaka, has called for more research work on exploration of rare earth elements in the country.
Msaka, made the call during the closure of a week-long Hi- Tech AlkCarb Expert Council meeting in Zomba.
The meeting attracted 36 geo scientists from across the globe. The experts also conducted research on mineral deposits in the Chilwa Alkaline Province.
Msaka said Malawi is endowed with a number of mineral resources and hosts potential for world class deposits of rare earth elements.
"The Chilwa Alkaline Province is an important mineral province of good significance. It is an important repository of minerals such as rare earths.
"Rare earths are used in making high technology products, hence the need for concerted effort in research towards their exploration in the country," he said.
He said the outcomes from the workshop will help unveil new knowledge and geo models to augment the current understanding of the Chilwa Alkaline Province.
Msaka further said the publications from the workshop will reinvigorate interest in the Chilwa province carbonatites and put Malawi on the world stage with regard to geology and mineral potential.
He also assured the experts that his Ministry will do everything possible to advance geo-scientific research in order to generate relevant data needed by the private sector.
Mkango Resources Limited, who hosted the workshop, said the research findings will be published in both local and international media.
Mkango Chief Executive Officer, William Dawes, described the workshop as a success.
He said the findings will help put Malawi on the world map as a potential mineral destination.
"We believe the exchange of knowledge between the international and local experts will also help grow mining and mineral exploration in the country," said Dawes.
The meeting attracted world class geological experts from Norway, German, Finland, Britain and Australia, among others.
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Bucket testing, also known as A/B testing or split testing, is a method used to compare two versions of a webpage or app against each other to determine which one performs better. Essentially, it involves showing two variants (A and B) to different segments of users under similar conditions and analyzing which variant achieves better performance on specified metrics, such as conversion rates, click-through rates, or engagement levels.
The primary goal of bucket testing is to make data-driven decisions regarding changes to a website or app. By empirically testing hypotheses on how certain variations affect user behavior, companies can optimize their digital properties to improve user experience and achieve business objectives more effectively.
- Hypothesis Formation: Start with a hypothesis about how a change might improve user experience or performance.
- Variant Creation: Create two or more versions of a webpage or app feature — the original (control) and the modification(s) (variant).
- Randomized Assignment: Randomly assign users to either the control group or one of the variant groups to ensure unbiased results.
- Data Collection and Analysis: Collect and analyze data on how each group interacts with the version they see, focusing on predefined metrics.
- Decision Making: Use statistical analysis to determine which version performed better and whether the results are significant. Implement the winning version if it proves to be superior.
- Improved User Experience: By testing different variations, companies can discover what users prefer and what drives better engagement, leading to an enhanced user experience.
- Increased Conversion Rates: Optimizing webpages or app features based on test results can lead to higher conversion rates, directly impacting revenue and business growth.
- Risk Mitigation: Making changes based on data from bucket testing reduces the risk associated with new features or design changes, as decisions are informed by actual user behavior.
Bucket testing is a powerful tool for improving website and app performance. By allowing data to guide design and feature decisions, companies can systematically enhance the user experience, increase conversions, and reduce the risks associated with making changes to their digital properties. This approach ensures that improvements are always aligned with what users want and need, leading to more successful and user-friendly digital products.


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Using the Superposition Principle and Edge Current Model to Compute Impedance of the Coil in a Logging ToolT. Zhao, G. Minerbo, J. Hunka, and G. Hazen
Sugar Land, TX
Coil antenna is the simplest form in well-logging tools for resistivity measurement of the formation. This paper introduces how to accurately compute the impedance of the coil with very thin wires at high frequency, and with the complex borehole structure, e.g., metal housing and collar.
A 3D RF electromagnetic wave in frequency domain is used. An alternate array of transmitters and receivers in the same coil is modeled to obtain the mutual impedance instead of self impedance. A trapezoidal weight is applied to both transmitters and receivers. A superposition method is applied to include the effect of the wire thickness. It is observed that the COMSOL amplitude matches the measured results very well.


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contaminants. Water quality modeling and simulation tools include SWMM, WEST, QUAL2K and AQUATOX.
WTRM-690: Internship (3)
Students will be engaged in supervised work-and-learning experiences in water resources management under the direction of a University faculty members and employees of participating firms. Students are expected to dedicate ten (10) to twenty (20) hours a week to their internships during the academic year and twenty (20) to forty (40) hours a week during a five-week summer term. The internship program will have students involved in data collection, analysis and interpretation, field and/or laboratory experiences and writing reports.
WTRM-699: Capstone Seminar (1)
This course is designed for senior level graduate students to gain coherence in their comprehension of previous course studies and professional development. Students will practice and be able to critically review and analyze the latest research findings, write technical reports, and prepare a grant proposal in the area of their concentration.


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Discovery News announced yesterday that the spotted patterns on woodland species of wild cats are tied to the patterns of dappled light in their forest environments.
Cats in open ranges, such as lions, tend to have plain coloration. Tiger stripes, according to the University of Bristol researcher William Allen, are still something of a mystery.
Full article by Jennifer Viegas
Previous GurneyJourney post on Dappled Light


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University of Wisconsin-La Crosse
Today's information is increasing rapidly, doubling every three years. Consequently, the search and recognition stages in computer applications will consume a growing portion of the total CPU time. The SSE 4.2 instruction set, first implemented in Intel's Core i7, provides String and Text New Instructions (STTNI) that utilize SIMD operations for processing character data. Though originally conceived for accelerating string, text, and XML processing, the powerful new capabilities of these instructions are useful outside of these domains, and it is worth revisiting the search and recognition stages of numerous applications to utilize STTNI to improve performance.


🎊 confetti ball
What is the official name for the🎊emoji?
The official name is confetti ball. There are plenty of other slang names, too (see below).
What does it mean when someone uses the🎊emoji?
It probably means that they are thinking about a confetti ball, which totally makes sense given that you just got this emoji in your text or DM.
What else can the🎊emoji symbolize? Does it have any hidden meanings?
There are definitely some hidden meanings for the 🎊 emoji. It can also mean they are looking at a confetti ball and know you'll appreciate it as a good inside joke.
Does the🎊emoji appear on any lists?
How do I copy and paste the🎊emoji?
Select this – 🎊 – with your cursor and copy!
Is the 🎊 emoji an ideogram?
Definitely. Why wouldn't it be? It's an official emoji.


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What is Eryacne used for?
Eryacne medication is used for treating Acne vulgaris.
How does Eryacne work?
Eryacne alcohol-based gel contains the active ingredient erythromycin, which is a type of medicine known as a macrolide antibiotic. Erythromycin is used to treat infections caused by bacteria.
What does Eryacne do?
When Eryacne should not be used?
How can Eryacne gel affect other medicines?
When taken by mouth erythromycin can interact with many other medicines. However, when applied to the skin, erythromycin is not expected to be absorbed in sufficient quantities to cause problems with other medicines.


Flint water documentary shown prior to debate
A documentary highlighting the Flint water crisis was shown at Woodside Church on Sunday prior to the evening's debate between Democratic presidential candidates.
The film follows the untold story of the activist role in exposing the lead in Flint's water, according to a participant featured in the documentary.
The Coalition for Clean Water banded together to conduct citizen testing and partnered with Marc Edwards of Virginia Tech, who helped discover the lead contamination.
The documentary talks about that process and kind of a history of Flint's switch from the Detroit water system to treating its own drinking water using the Flint River.
It also explains the role of Flint's emergency manager and the state's emergency manager law in the water crisis.


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Social Studies Elementary News
Recently Added Resources
Recently Added Resources:
3rd-5th teachers, many of you have expressed a wish that the Gallopade pacing guides, located on p. 9-10 in the teacher books, include our standard numbers in them. The new documents below have been created to help with this!
- 3rd Grade Gallopade Pacing with Standards (new)
- 4th Grade Gallopade Pacing with Standards (new)
- 5th Grade Gallopade Pacing with Standards (new)
Hannah Rexrode, from the East Tennessee History Center, has added to her ongoing Women's Suffrage files for you to check out!
Directions on how to access resources on grade level pages:
1. Visit the Knox County Schools website
2. Click Departments
3. Scroll down to Social Studies
4. On the left, find "For Elementary Teachers" and click your grade level (You must be signed in to access materials.)
Upcoming PD Opportunities
November 15- Workshop on the Cold War Era This workshop will be held from 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. at the East Tennessee History Center. It focuses on 5th grade standard 5.23. We will explore strategies and resources for teaching the social studies practices, with a special emphasis on context and analysis. The workshop will feature standards-based activities and materials ready for immediate classroom use. Register today by emailing Lisa Oakley, _EMAIL_ or by calling _PHONE_.
- November 18- Breaking Away from the Lecture: Inquiry-Based and Engaging Social Studies Lessons (Repeat Session) This repeat session will be led by Kristin Risdahl from 4:00-5:30 p.m. at Sarah Simpson. It is for teachers who teach 3rd, 4th, or 5th grade social studies. We will focus on the benefits of breaking away from the lecture-based classroom and providing engaging inquiry-based lessons for 3rd, 4th, & 5th graders. We will look at the inquiry process, the different pieces of the new Gallopade resources, and more...while discussing how to best utilize them to fit your students' needs! Sign up on My Learning Plan.
- December 3- Examining Tennessee's Story at the East Tennessee History Center from 9:00 a.m.-3:00 p.m. Join East Tennessee Historical Society Curator of Education Lisa Oakley for a day of learning about stories from Tennessee history which are featured in the new Tennessee social studies standards. We will explore these stories using a wide range of primary and secondary sources and share hands-on, literacy-rich strategies for using the sources in classroom instruction. Register today and learn more about our rich history! (lunch, travel stipend, and certificate of participation provided) *This is the same TN history overview session that was presented at the Social Studies summer training but if you missed it, this is a great opportunity! Register here.
*PDs offered during a regular school day require teachers to submit a professional leave request. Unfortunately, the Social Studies Department does not have money to pay for substitutes.
Colonial Williamsburg Teacher Institution Programs
It' s hard to believe, but many organizations are already accepting applications for teacher institutes occurring this coming summer. If you have never attended an institute at an historic site, you will walk away with a tremendous amount of new knowledge! Click on the links below for more information. Some topics include:
- Becoming Americans (1606–1781) (for educators in grades 3–6)
- African Americans in Eigteenth-Century Virginia (for educators in grades 3–8)
- Straight from the Sources: Women in Eighteenth-Century Virginia (for educators in grades 3–8)
- Apprenticeships, STEM, and Colonial Daily Life (for educators in grades 3–8)
Tennessee State MuseumDigital Learning Opportunities
Interview with a Historic Figure: In this program, a well-known Tennessean will be chosen by the teacher from the list below. When you connect with us, one of our educators will dress in period garb and take on the persona of the chosen figure. Your students will then act as reporters and interview this figure about their life and times. After the program, they will take what they have learned and write an article for their local newspaper. Students will be responsible for asking detailed questions of their subject in order to create an accurate narrative of their life and their impact on Tennessee history.
Mystery Artifacts: (Grades 3-8) When signing up for this program, teachers will be able to choose a subject and subsequent list of artifacts, all of which represent each exhibit in our museum. The teacher will be given background information on the objects ahead of our program date, but they will remain a complete mystery to the students. Once we are connected on screen, one of our educators will provide a quick introduction of why we are meeting and what the rules are of the "game." They will then have a limit of twenty questions to ask our educator, and about 30 minutes, to figure out what the artifacts are and what they were used for during that particular time period. Once the students have made their final guesses, an educator will finish the session by revealing the correct answers, and then go on to detail the history of each object, explain how it was used and describe why it is important.
Mystery Skype: This program explores the subject of United States geography and history! Once connected with one of our museum educators, the goal of this session is to let the students ask us geography based questions in order to correctly guess our location within the United States. Your students will need to prepare a list of spatial and directional questions before we connect, and it is vital that you do not give your kids any hints to our location before our session. Once they have correctly guessed where we are, your students will be given a brief history of Tennessee and, if time allows, we will open the floor for any other questions they might have!
Women's Suffrage CentennialTDOE Featured Content
This month the Tennessee Department of Education is highlighting the formation of women's associations and their leaders. In 1869, two national organizations (The American Woman Suffrage Association and The National Woman Suffrage Association) were formed to further the cause of women's suffrage. Although these associations were formed for different reasons, the leaders strived for the same thing: voting rights for women. The following resources are examples that teachers can use to begin exploring the Women's Suffrage Movement.
- PBS Learning Media: Elizabeth Cady Stanton
- DOCSTeach: Extending Suffrage to Women
- DOCSTeach: Evaluating the New Departure Strategy in the Fight for Women's Suffrage
- Brainpop Educators: Educator Resources for Susan B. Anthony
- National Women's HIstory Museum: Susan B. Anthony: She's Worth a Mint!, American Woman Suffrage Association, and National Woman Suffrage Association
- Library of Congress: National American Woman Suffrage Association
- PBS: The Story of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony
National Geographic GeoBee
The National Geographic GeoBee is an annual competition for grades 4-8 designed to inspire and reward students' curiosity about the world. Registration for the 2019-2020 school year is now open!
Registered schools receive a suite of curated study resources to prepare students and 400+ GeoBee questions covering geography, civilizations, cultures, physical features, and more to hold a school GeoBee. Prizes to celebrate participants will also be included. For more information and to register, visit NatGeoBee.
Teacher & Student Spotlight
We want to celebrate the great learning that is taking place in your classrooms everyday! Throughout the school year, as you are teaching and your students are learning and exploring social studies, please share the great things that are happening in your schools. Send us photos of your students actively learning, invite us to special activities and celebrations, etc. We see the amazing things happening every day as we are visiting schools and classrooms, so let's share out the greatness!
Linda Shanton's 4th graders are busy analyzing an Articles of Confederation political cartoon.
Copper Ridge Elementary
Ben Franklin visits Dr. Atkins at Copper Ridge for some storytelling during an evening focused on reading and community!
Tina Corea's 3rd grade class names states on a gigantic map of the United States.
Copper Ridge Elementary
Social Studies Department
As a three-person social studies district team, we serve every elementary, middle, and high school. For the 2019-2020 school year, Katherine and Dean will be working primarily with secondary schools, and Kristin will be working primarily with elementary schools. However, please know you may call on any member of the social studies department for any social studies-related need or question you may have. Please let us know if we can be of assistance with anything!
Katherine Petko, Social Studies Supervisor _EMAIL_
Dean Burress, K-12 Social Studies Facilitator _EMAIL_
Kristin Risdahl, K-12 Social Studies Facilitator _EMAIL_
Vickie Beckers, Administrative Assistant _EMAIL_


What Are the Differences between North and South Italy?
The difference between North and South is: in South Italy it is largely influenced by the Greeks and the north are influenced by Germans and Celtics who also happen to be neighbouring countries. Also small factors such as daily life, politics and their traditions happen to be different.
2 Additional Answers
Northern Italy has more Gross Domestic Product and Gross Domestic Product per capita that Southern Italy. Economy wise North Italy is industrialized while the South is more rural and agricultural based. But geography they are basically the same.
Northern Italy has more GDP and GDP per capita that Southern Italy. Economy wise North industrialized, the South more Rural and Agricultural based. Geography is basically the same.
Q&A Related to "What Are the Differences between North and South..."
The social differences between the North and the South of Italy are their greetings, family life, way of scheduling the day, superstitions and regional traditions.
In the north Butter is favored over oil for use in
This isn't really an answer, not a straight one. More answer by-way-of-anecdote, because some of the points already made on the thread probably answer the question (namely, family
North: more population, more connections to the rest of europe, better economy, lesser unemployment, better universities, better hospitals. the most economically/socially developed


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Daytime refuges are important to nocturnal rodents for protection from predators and environmental extremes. Because refuges of forest-dwelling rodents are often associated with woody debris, we examined refuge use by 37 radio-collared Peromyscus gossypinus (cotton mice) in experimental plots with different levels of woody debris. Treatment plots had six times (≈ 60 m3/ha) the volume of woody debris as control plots (≈ 10 m3/ha). Of 247 refuges, 159 were in rotting stumps (64%), 32 were in root boles (13%), 19 were in brush piles (8%), and 16 were in logs (6%); 10 refuges could not be identified. Stumps were the most common refuge type in both treatments, but the distribution of refuge types was significantly different between treatment and control plots. Root boles and brush piles were used more on treatment plots than on control plots, and logs were used more on control plots than on treatment plots. Refuge type and vegetation cover were the best predictors of refuge use by cotton mice; root bole refuges and refuges with less vegetation cover received greater-than-expected use by mice. Abundant refuges, particularly root boles, may improve habitat quality for cotton mice in southeastern pine forests.
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Production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species in Fagus sylvatica seeds during storage at varied temperature and humidity
- Pukacka Stanisława, Ratajczak Ewelina
- JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY SCI(E) SCOPUS
- Elsevier in 2004
- Cited Count
The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in seed tissues plays an important role in the loss of seed viability during storage. In the present study, we examined whether the loss of germination capacity and viability of beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) seeds during storage under different temperatures (4, 20 and 30 °C) and relative humidity levels (45% and 75% RH) is associated with: (1) an increase in the level of ROS, such as superoxide radical (O 2 − ), oxygen peroxide (H 2O 2); and, (2) changes in low molecular antioxidants (ascorbate and glutathione) and enzymatic scavengers such as ascorbate peroxidase dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase. Beech seeds progressively lost their ability to germinate during 9 weeks of storage under the above conditions. The deleterious effects of temperature treatments increased with growing seed moisture content at higher humidity. The loss of seed viability was correlated with the generation of ROS during storage, which was more intensive at higher temperatures and humidity levels. The ascorbate content significantly increased in seeds stored in all temperature and humidity variants, when the seeds lost the ability to germinate to a large degree. At the same time, glutathione content dramatically decreased, but it was possible to observe a defensive reaction in seeds stored at 20 °C. Activities of all scavenging enzymes, measured after slow imbibition of seeds, significantly increased in comparison to the non-treated control (8–9% MC, −10 °C). This increase was higher in embryo axes than in cotyledons. Our results suggest that the loss of viability of beech seeds during storage at different temperatures, above zero, and at different humidity levels is closely related to ROS production, and that the antioxidative system is not sufficient to protect them.
1.Biosynthesis and antioxidant function of glutathione in plants(1989) Ruth Grene Alscher Physiologia PlantarumPhysics cited 125 times
2.Changes in the Ascorbate System during Seed Development of Vicia faba L.(1992) Oreste Arrigoni et al. Plant PhysiologyBotanical Studies cited 48 times
3.Ascorbate peroxidase - a hydrogen peroxide-scavenging enzyme in plants(1992) Kozi Asada Physiologia PlantarumPhysics cited 317 times
4.Changes in malondialdehyde content and in superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reducrase activities in sunflower seeds as related to deterioration during accelerated aging. Physiol Plant. Vol. 97. 104110(1996) Bailly C. et al.
5.Catalase activity in developing sunflower seeds as related to drying. J Exp Bot. Vol. 55. 475483(2004) Bailly C. et al.
6.Storage of seeds: potential and limitation for germplasm conservation. Forest Ecol Manage. Vol. 35. 3543(1990) Bonner F.T.
7.A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding(1976) Bradford Marion M. Analytical BiochemistryChemistry cited 62454 times
8.Influence of accelerated and natural aging on free radical levels in soybean seeds(1984) P. Buchvarov et al. Physiologia PlantarumPhysics cited 17 times
10.Assay of catalases and peroxidases. Vol. vol. 2. 764775(1955) Chance B. et al.


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Category:121 Project Planning, Prioritization and STIP Commitments
Missouri has more transportation needs than money to address them. MoDOT works with planning partners to select the most critical transportation projects and focuses on the state's highest-priority transportation needs. MoDOT effectively uses planning and decision-making to ensure Missouri's limited transportation dollars are spent responsibly. MoDOT's planning process is more open than ever before. Even though the overall steps in the planning process have not changed, the opportunities for public involvement at the local level have grown. The process now identifies where individual decisions are made and how local officials and citizens can most easily affect these decisions.
Once a need has been adequately scoped and a project is developed to address it, there must be a way to determine how that project compares to other projects. Statewide consistency and regional representation are both very important to the prioritization process.
The planning framework relies on the right people being involved in making decisions and recognizes that transportation planning decisions can involve both objective and subjective criteria. Local officials, with input from their constituents, can also determine what is appropriate for their communities.
MoDOT's transportation planning process is often referred to as the Planning Framework and culminates in the production of the STIP that is MoDOT's commitment to a 5-year construction program. The transportation planning process has quality assurances and quality control.
Articles in "121 Project Planning, Prioritization and STIP Commitments"
The following 7 pages are in this category, out of 7 total.
- 121.1 Public Involvement and Decision-Making
- 121.2 The Planning Framework for Transportation Decision-Making
- 121.3 The Statewide Transportation Improvement Program (STIP)
- 121.4 Quality Assurance / Quality Control for Project Prioritization
- 121.5 Asset Management
- 121.6 STIP Amendments
- 121.7 Program Estimates


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Above, left: The great gray slug, also known as the leopard slug because of the spots and streaks on its mantle, at home in Bonnefont garden. These nocturnal garden pests are not normally seen during daylight hours. This specimen was spied early one morning, and posed to have his-her portrait taken (slugs are hermaphrodites). Center: When fully extended, the adult slug can reach an impressive length. Right: A single strategically placed slug trap baited with beer will attract quite a few slugs. Photographs by Corey Eilhardt.
The great gray slug (Limax maximus) is also commonly known as the leopard slug because of the characteristic dark spotting on the mantle which covers the upper part of its body; the lower part of its body, known as the foot, is often streaked or striped. Leopard slugs vary in color from brownish green to gray, with whitish undersides. Adult slugs range from 4 to 8 inches in length. Read more »


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This seminar will explore the challenges of providing classical and Christian education in the urban context. I have often used the following analogy: doing classical education in a suburban context is to doing classical education in an urban context as a general practice physician's work is to a trauma surgeon's work. The needs of students in an urban context are often much more intensive than the needs of a student who is in a suburban context. In the urban context, the basics of food, clothing, and adequate shelter must be considered along with grammar, logic, and rhetoric. Urban students often qualify as "at-risk" students and come to school far less prepared for academic work than their suburban counterparts. The urban context demands a different approach to classical education. What does classical education look like in the urban school? This session will look at the kinds of solutions that urban schools have devised to deal with the problems that confront them as they aspire to teach urban students classically. This seminar is also designed to encourage discussion and a sharing of ideas and best practices from teachers and administrators involved in urban education.
Peter Vande Brake attended Calvin College in Grand Rapids, MI, where he was an All-American decathlete and Philosophy major. He a ended seminary at Union Theological Seminary in Richmond, VA, and then did his doctoral work at Calvin Theological Seminary in Grand Rapids. He taught, coached, and was Headmaster at North Hills Classical Academy from 1996–2010. He is a leadership consultant for the CiRCE Institute and the high school principal and track coach at The Potter's House School in Grand Rapids, an urban Christ-centered school. He is married and has two daughters.


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Energy in Agriculture Resources
Energy in Agriculture Program - Food and Fiber Processing Technologies
Read about California food and fiber processing facilities participating in research, development, and demonstration projects to advance the adoption of energy and resource efficient technologies.
PROCESS ENERGY VIDEOS
Food Processing Video:Steam System Best Practices are used to optimize system performance. Basic management principles and maintenance proceedures are described that will enhance steam system efficiencies.
- California's Food Processing Industry Energy Efficiency Initiative: Adoption of Industrial Best Practices, January 2008, CEC Publication _TAG_-_PHONE_, posted: January 31, 2008. (PDF file, 35 pgs., 2.3 MB
RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS
- Fetzer Case Study # 1 - Heat Exchange System Improvement Saves Energy and Improves Production at a Winery.
- Fetzer Case Study # 2 - Controls Upgrade at a Winery Saves Energy and Increases Equipment Life.
Electricity Peak Load Reduction
- Pacific Coast Producers - tomato-processing company moves facility location to upgrade equipment, increase production, improve efficiency, and be closer to where the tomatoes are grown.
Pacific Coast Producers - Measurement and Verification Report, Energy Commission publication # CEC-_PHONE_, March 2003. (PDF file, 19 pages, 702 kilobytes)
- Campbell Soup Company - Waste Heat Driven Turbines
- Valley Fig Growers - Variable Speed Controlled Refrigeration System
Benchmarking, Power Quality & Market Studies
- Technology Roadmap: Energy Efficiency in California's Food Industry - The California Institute of Food and Agricultural Research formed a Food Industry Advisory Council of industry and technology experts. This group prioritized research that would help the industry meet their objectives, and developed a vision and plan for the future. Their findings, bolstered by input from public forums, are presented in this Roadmap, along with recommendations for the future.
- Dynamic Characterization of Process Power Quality for the California Food Processing Industry - In-line-monitoring systems were installed to collect real time performance data from plant equipment while the food production was in process. Using this monitoring data, plant process equipment schematics and historical plant process performance data, overall process sensitivities to different power quality disturbances were defined.
- California Institute of Food and Agricultural Research Survey on Energy Management in the Food Industry


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What Do the Sizes Mean on Trees and Shrubs?
Generally, the bigger the number, the bigger the price, the bigger the plant.
Plants with a number sign (#) followed by a number are roughly equivalent to gallon pot sizes (i.e. #2 = 2 gallon, #3 = 3 gallon and so on). These plants are sold in containers.
Plants with a height (i.e. 5-6') indicate an estimate of the current height of the plant.
Plants measured in inches (i.e. 2.5") indicate the caliper (trunk width) of the plant.
Plants measured by caliper (inches) are generally larger than plants measured in height (feet).
Plants with B&B in the size are sold as balled and burlap (not in a container).
For more information, please see this video that will show you examples and tips on selecting trees and shrubs.


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As statistics point to a rise in avoidable deaths among high school athletes, because of heat exhaustion, concussion, even cardiac arrest, more schools are looking at adding athletic trainers to their rosters. The trainers are taught to look for possible problems in young players before the serious symptoms show up. And schools like Fairfax provide special training for their athletic trainers and coaches, so they are ready for anything.
So there's an emergency action plan that coaches have for every facility that they're at, where they practice and as well as where they compete.
Athletic trainers are also the medical experts away from home.
The Fairfax county model costs several million dollars a year - but many school districts across the country are looking at it as a way to protect their young athletes.


Group texting failures and how to fix them
It can be frustrating when not everyone receives your group text. It can be even more annoying when you receive 20 individual text responses from a single message you blasted to a group. There are reasons behind the madness. - photo by Amy Iverson
You agree to coach your kids soccer team and excitedly send out that first group text to all the parents. First off, half of them never get it. Secondly, you start receiving a ton of separate responses. And why wont it let you add certain phone numbers? Welcome to the stupefying world of group texting.
Why does it have to be so complicated?
When you send a group text, depending on your settings, your phone will decide how that message is delivered.
From an iPhone, there are three options.
iMessage can send texts to other iOS devices using iMessage. The texts are always encrypted, are sent through Apple instead of your carrier if possible, and appear in blue text bubbles. Everyone in the group text will be able to receive photos, videos, audio messages and any included special effects. Using this method allows anyone in the group text to share their location. All responses will be in one beautiful, continual thread. With this method, you will be able to add or remove people at any time.
MMS stands for multimedia messaging service. Your phone may pick this method when not everyone is using iMessage. Messages are sent through your carrier and will appear in green text bubbles. These texts are not encrypted, but everyone with proper phone capability will be able to see photos and videos. Responses on this will also be in one thread. You will not be able to later add or delete people with this type of group text.
SMS or Short Message Service may be the method of delivery when some people in the group text are not using iOS devices. Again, the messages are not encrypted, go through your carrier and will appear as green text bubbles. Recipients will not be able to see photos, videos or any effects added to the message. These are the annoying group texts where every single response shows up as a separate text on your phone. That means, other people in the group text never see those responses. You are not able to add or delete people.
For Android users, there is no universal way phones send group texts. Many Android users want to be able to customize their phones and may be thrilled there isnt a standardized group text method.
If you want the group text and all responses to appear in one thread, enable MMS/group texts, but note this will use data. Create a group, and if its a collection of people to whom you regularly send group texts, name it. That group will appear as a contact and is editable. That way, you are able to easily add or remove people from this group next time you want to send a group message.
With all group texting, no matter if you are an Android or iOS user, carriers sometimes impose limits on the number of people who can be part of a group text.
When group texts seem to multiply upon themselves and grow unmanageable, you can always leave the conversation, but everyone will get a notification that youve left and may get snippy. Plus, some people feel guilty if they ditch a group thread. With iOS, you can instead turn on the Do Not Disturb feature for that particularly bothersome group text. That will simply mute the conversation, so your phone quits buzzing every few seconds when someone adds a thumbs-up emoji to the thread.
Android users generally have a similar option. For people using Google Messenger, for instance, tap the three dots in the upper-right corner. Then choose People & options, and turn off Notifications for that group text.
Finally, if you don't want to deal with any of this, there are some great group messaging apps. These options will do away with any Android/iOS group text problems you may have.
The one Ive been using is GroupMe: Free for Android & iOS. It has an easy setup, and offers location sharing and custom emojis. The app also just added an RSVP, so you can schedule that extra soccer practice and see exactly who will be there and ready to go in their shin guards and cleats.
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Skip to Main Content
Estimating fixed directions-of-arrival of signals has generally been the objective in the literature. In this paper, however, we are concerned with time-varying directions-of-arrival. We propose here two different architectures of neural networks (feedforward and radial basis function networks) to estimate time-varying directions-of-arrival of signals. These networks are more amenable for hardware implementation compared to the conventional super-resolution techniques. The objective is to use these estimated directions to extract the signals. We demonstrate that neural networks of low complexity achieve our purpose, and the overall system sufficiently robust to account for the inaccuracies in the estimation of directions.


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A person 'X' invests 'P' dollars at once. In 7.25 years, if the amount doubles, then what would be the amount in terms of 'P' for 29 years?
So, I see that every 7.25 years we have P+P. Now, 7.25 goes into 29 4 times. Thus, we should have (P+P)^4=(2P)^4=16P^2.
how does this look?


Distributed Spatial Keyword Querying on Road Networks
Abstract
Spatial-keyword queries on road networks are receiving increasing attention with the prominence of location-based services. There is a growing need to handle queries on road networks in distributed environments because a large network is typically distributed over multiple machines and it will improve query throughput. However, all the existing work on spatial keyword queries is based on a centralized setting. In this paper, we develop a distributed solution to answering spatial keyword queries on road networks. Example queries include "find locations near a supermarket and a hospital," and "find Chinese restaurants within 500 meters from my current location." We define an operation for answering such queries and reduce the problem of answering a query into computing a function of such operations. We propose a new distributed index that enables each machine to independently evaluate the operation on its network fragment in a distributed setting. We theoretically prove the space optimality of the proposed index technique. We conduct experiments with a distributed setting. Experimental results demonstrate the promising performance of our method.
DOI: 10.5441/002/edbt.2014.23
Extracted Key Phrases
13 Figures and Tables
01020201520162017
Citations per Year
Citation Velocity: 7
Averaging 7 citations per year over the last 3 years.
Learn more about how we calculate this metric in our FAQ.
Cite this paper
@inproceedings{Luo2014DistributedSK, title={Distributed Spatial Keyword Querying on Road Networks}, author={Siqiang Luo and Yifeng Luo and Shuigeng Zhou and Gao Cong and Jihong Guan}, booktitle={EDBT}, year={2014} }


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- 45% of seniors admitted to Canadian hospitals are malnourished. These seniors stay 2-7 days longer in hospital and cost the health system 60% more than well-nourished seniors.
- Canadian adults with diabetes are 2 times more likely to see a family physician and 3 times more likely to be hospitalized and for longer periods
Primary Care Dietitians Make a Difference. A dietitian can help your patients. How? Click here to find out.
What can Dietitians in Primary Health Care do? Click here to find out.
Canadian Malnutrition Force 2016 video:
How does Therapeutic Meals helps address the malnutrition crisis?
Providing a continuation of nutrition care from hospital to home prevents re-admission to institutionalized care. Appropriate nutrition care helps seniors healing at home, prevents worsening of symptoms associated with medical conditions, and prevents falling incidents by increasing strength and balance. Appropriate nutrition care includes prescribed diets such as modified textured meals: pureed, minced, cut up, finger foods and blended meals, or therapeutic diets to manage chronic disease such as: renal, diabetic, low sodium diets. Providing these specialized meals alone is not enough. Seniors and children of seniors need to adapt to the new lifestyle. Nutrition therapy supports this critical transition by providing education and support. Our dietitian provides the nutrition therapy by:
- Assessing nutritional needs
- Planning the meals, preparing the therapeutic diet or diet texture modified meals, and providing supplements or feeding support tools.
- Implements the nutrition intervention by delivering the meals at home.
- Evaluates if the nutrition intervention is meeting needs by following up.
Benefits of decreasing malnutrition in elderly population and those managing chronic disease:
- Decrease visits to family physician office
- Decrease fall risk
- Decrease risk for (re) admission to acute care
- Delay need for institutionalized care
- Lowers care giver burden of family members
Who is Therapeutic Meals for:
Patients/clients living alone with identified need for meal support
Patients/client with dysphagia or chewing difficulties
Patients/clients with decreased appetite or limited ability to cook for self/family
Patients/clients with a recent hospitalization recovering at home
People who are managing a chronic disease and associated symptoms:
- Diabetes Mellitus Type I and II,
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
- Congestive Heart Failure (CHF),
- Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
- Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
- Renal Failure (RF)
- Osteoarthritis (OA)
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
- Hypertension (HTN)
- Metabolic Syndrome
- Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
- Parkinson's Disease (PD)
- Alzheimer's Disease (AD)
Consider referring your client or patient to Therapeutic Meals' Registered Dietitian.
Request a nutrition assessment by completing the contact box below.


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15 May 2008
UK Wasp and Bee Stings at Record Low in 2008 - A WaspWatch Report
Insect sting monitoring website "WaspWatch" has recorded the lowest level of bee and wasp sting activity during the first four months of 2008. The site has monitored sting activity across the UK for the last six years and whilst it is still early days for 2008, it is alarming to witness the decline in sting activty which is a good indication of the health of wasps and especially bees across the UK.
"The early months of our calendar year are usually dominated by bee stings rather than wasp stings and this year has undoubtedly seen a real drop in activity compared to previous years, " says WaspWatch chief David Glaser. "Whilst there has been some unfriendly weather this year it has been no worse than in previous years," Glaser continues.
The site reports monthly on sting activity and then weekly during the peak season from June to September so it is in a strong position to offer an up to date Sting Risk Index on its website as well as activity levels.
Of course the worry amongst naturalists is that there are various threats to the very survival of bees at the moment - the varroa mite is spreading rapidly. There is also the worry of a parasitic fungus which also threatens bee colonies.
"This is a real threat to our ecology", says Glaser, "and actual evidence such as this together with anecdotal reports of bee nests and hives dying should give us real grounds for concern."


Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2016
For zeotropic mixtures, the temperature varies during phase change, which is opposed to the isothermal phase change of pure fluids. The use of such mixtures as working fluids in organic Rankine cycle power plants enables a minimization of the mean temperature difference of the heat exchangers, which is beneficial for cycle performance. On the other hand, larger heat transfer surface areas are typically required for evaporation and condensation when zeotropic mixtures are used as working fluids. In order to assess the feasibility of using zeotropic mixtures, it is, therefore, important to consider the additional costs of the heat exchangers. In this study, we aim at evaluating the economic feasibility of zeotropic mixtures compared to pure fluids. We carry out a multi-objective optimization of the net power output and the component costs for organic Rankine cycle power plants using low-temperature heat at 90 ◦C to produce electrical power at around 500 kW. The primary outcomes of the study are Pareto fronts, illustrating the power/cost relations for R32, R134a and R32/R134a (0.65/0.35mole). The results indicate that R32/R134a is the best of these fluids, with 3.4 % higher net power than R32 at the same total cost of 1200 k$.
Jesper Graa Andreasen
Martin Ryhl Kærn
L. Pierobon
Ulrik Larsen
Chalmers, Sjöfart och marin teknik, Maritim miljövetenskap
Fredrik Haglind
_PHONE_ (ISSN)
Vol. 9 322
Hållbar utveckling
Mer information
Senast uppdaterat


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Nestled in Iskandar Malaysia, Forest City stands as a revolutionary sustainable tourism development project that aims to redefine urban living. Designed with a forward-thinking approach, this visionary city not only benefits the local community but also enhances the image of Iskandar Malaysia while promoting technical advances and productivity. Let's delve into the captivating world of Forest City and discover how it is shaping the future of sustainable tourism.
Introduction to sustainable tourism development
Sustainable tourism holds immense significance, as it ensures the preservation of local communities and the environment for generations to come. Forest City understands this responsibility and has prioritized sustainable practices at its core. By minimizing its ecological footprint, Forest City strives to create a harmonious coexistence between urban infrastructure and the natural surroundings. It collaborates closely with distributors of green technology and services, forging partnerships that promote eco-friendly practices throughout the city. Notably, the creation of a Green Zone/Central Park further emphasizes Forest City's commitment to preserving green spaces and fostering a connection with nature.
Introduction to Forest City
Forest City emerges as an innovative urban environment where cutting-edge technology merges seamlessly with sustainable living. Renovated urban infrastructure caters to the needs of its residents, providing a modern and efficient lifestyle. The city's connectivity is unparalleled, thanks to the integration of smart technology, which enables seamless communication and accessibility.
Forest City takes sustainability a step further by prioritizing a greener living environment. Intelligent energy-saving buildings showcase the city's commitment to reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions. Additionally, the promotion of new energy vehicles encourages a shift towards cleaner transportation alternatives, ensuring a healthier and more sustainable future.
In conclusion, Forest City symbolizes the harmonious coexistence of urban development and sustainability. By embracing sustainable tourism practices, Forest City not only benefits the local community but also elevates the image of Iskandar Malaysia as a frontrunner in sustainable innovation. With its renovated infrastructure, seamless connectivity, and commitment to a greener living environment, Forest City paves the way for a thriving future where sustainable tourism and technological advancement go hand in hand.


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AIR INDIA FLIGHT 101. AIR INDIA
AIR INDIA FLIGHT 101. AIRLINE VOUCHER TICKETS. INTERNATIONAL FLIGHTS FROM
Air India Flight 101
- Air India Flight 101 was a scheduled Air India passenger flight that crashed into Mont Blanc in France on the morning of 24 January 1966.
EH 101 Merlin
AgustaWestland AW101 (EH101 until June 2007) is a medium-lift helicopter for military applications but also marketed for civil use. The helicopter was developed as a joint venture between Westland Helicopters in the UK and Agusta in Italy (now merged as AgustaWestland). The aircraft is manufactured at the AgustaWestland factories in Yeovil, England and Vergiate, Italy. The name Merlin is used for AW101s in the British, Danish and Portuguese militaries.In Spring 1977, the UK Ministry of Defence issued a requirement for an anti-submarine warfare (ASW) helicopter to replace the Royal Navy's Westland Sea Kings. Westland responded with a design designated the WG.34 that was then approved for development.Meanwhile, the Marina Militare (Italian Navy) was also seeking a replacement for its (Agusta-built) Sea Kings, leading Agusta to discussions with Westland about the possibility of a joint development. This culminated in the joint venture being finalised in November 1979 and a new London-based company, EH Industries Limited (EHI), being formed in June the following year to manage the project.
As the design studies progressed, EHI became aware of a broader market for an aircraft with the same capabilities as those required by the British and Italian navies. On 12 June 1981, the UK confirmed their participation, with an initial budget of ?20 billion to develop nine pre-series examples.A major agreement securing funding for the development of the EH-101 program was signed by both the British and Italian governments in 1984. At the 1985 Paris Air Show at Le Bourget, Agusta showed a mock-up of a utility version of the new helicopter, leading to a more generalised design that could be customised. After a lengthy development, the first prototype flew on 9 October 1987.
In 1989 demand for the EH-101 was uncertain, the American Blackhawk was providing competition with potential export customers, and neither Britain or Italy had placed production orders yet. The Canadian government had expressed considerable interest in 1991 in acquiring up to 43 EH-101s to replace their own aging naval helicopters; however with the end of the Cold War they were branded as excessive by several politicians and the acquisition was aborted in 1996. Britain maintained its commitment to the project, ordering 22 EH-101 helicopters in February 1995; Italy also pressed ahead with its order for 16 EH-101s in October 1995.
The first group of production EH-101s for the RAF began arriving in 1997.In 2002 Westland made an unsolicited and unsuccessful offer to provide the MoD with an enhanced version of the Merlin to meet the UK's demand for lift capability.Westland and Agusta merged together to form AgustaWestland International Limited in July 2000, closing down EHI as a separate entity shortly afterwards. Consequently in June 2007 the EH101 was re-branded as the AW101.
The RN's final order was for 44 ASW machines, originally designated Merlin HAS.1 but soon changed to Merlin HM1. The first fully operational Merlin was delivered on 17 May 1997, entering service on 2 June 2000. All aircraft were delivered by the end of 2002, and are operated by four Fleet Air Arm squadrons, all based at RNAS Culdrose in Cornwall: 814 NAS, 820 NAS, 824 NAS and 829 NAS. 700 NAS was the Merlin Operational Evaluation Unit from 2000 to 2008.
In March 2004, RN Merlins were grounded following an incident at RNAS Culdrose when the tail rotor failed on one of them. Investigations revealed that this was due to tail rotor hub manufacturing defects.Flights resumed the following year.
The Merlin HM1 has been cleared to operate from the Royal Navy's aircraft carriers, amphibious assault ships, Type 23 frigates and a number of RFA vessels including the Fort Victoria Class. It is also intended to equip the forthcoming Type 45 destroyers. A Capability Sustainment Programme is currently in place to upgrade 30 aircraft to the Merlin HM2 standard. This will include a new mission system and digital cockpit. It had been planned to include the remaining 8 airframes but this has now been dropped for financial reasons while alternative roles were sought for these aircraft.The UK had long considered the Merlin as a replacement for the Sea King ASaC7 in the Airborne Early Warning (AEW) role.On 15 December 2009, the future helicopter plans were announced. The RAF Merlin HC3 and HC3As will be moved to the Commando Helicopter Force replacing 'junglie' Sea King Commando helicopter, these helicopters being replaced with Chinooks in RAF service. The eight spare airframes will be refitted with equipment from the Sea King ASaC7. Sea King will also be replaced in the SAR role by a PFI deal, resulting in the retirement of Sea King, leaving the Navy operating Lynx Wildcat and Merlin, the RAF operating Chinooks, and Army operating Lynx Wildcat and Apache.The Lynx helicopter has been seen as a useful compliment to the newer Merlins, however it had been mooted in 1995 than phasing out Lynx for an all-Merlin
AIR INDIA 747-400 VT-ESN(cn1003)
Athens Eleftherios Venizelos airport...April 2007..First flight 21/101/1993.
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The Building of the Mill
When Mill #2 burned to the ground in 1921, the Company was eager to rebuild. Without a mill to process ore the Company could not make money.
The foundations of the Mill.
1922. BCMM# 13501
The start of construction on Mill #3 was more difficult than the Company expected. The schist bedrock, upon which the foundations were to be built, broke badly and much more rock had to be removed than was initially anticipated. The clearing process started almost immediately after the previous mill was destroyed and continued until March 1922. In April 1922, the Company started pouring the concrete foundations and the actual construction of the building began in July of that year. The structural frame contains1426 tonnes of steel (equivalent to the steel in nine jumbo jets) and the outside walls are 24 gauge corrugated galvanized iron covered with two coats of paint.
Upon its completion on January 26, 1923, the Mill was one of the most impressive gravity fed mills in North America. In this type of mill, the ore moves through the building by the use of gravity. The ore goes in at the top and the separated concentrate comes out the bottom. Using this method, the building did not need a complicated conveyor system.
The Mill is approximately 20 stories in height. It measures 270 feet high and 209 feet across, with a total volume of 3,027,000 cubic feet. Sunlight streams in through nearly 1200 windows containing 18,792 panes, equivalent to 22,300 square feet of glass.
At the time, the total cost of the building was $953,484.59, which included all construction materials and the machines inside. That amount would be over 250 million in today's dollars. The Mill was an engineering feat for its time, and mining and construction engineers from all over the world came to study it.
Playing baseball in front
of the Mill foundations.
1922. BCMM# 13503
The Mill under construction.
1922. BCMM# 13505l


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From California Natives Wiki
Species Name: Satureja douglasii
Common Name: Yerba Buena
- Wonderful aromatic ground cover, makes a great tea. Delicate white flowers. Perfect for a shady border or in a hanging basket. Stems will root in the ground as it grows.
- Plant Family: Lamiaceae
- Plant Type: Perennial
- Height by Width: 6 in. H x spreading
- Growth Habit: Low, trailing
- Deciduous/Evergreen: Evergreen
- Growth Rate: Fast
- Sun Exposure: Part sun to shade
- Soil Preference: Well-draining
- Water Requirements: Infrequent to moderate
- Cold Hardy to: 35 degrees F
- Flower Season: Summer
- Flower Color: White
- Endangered?: Not listed
- Distribution: Klamath Range, North Coast Range, Central Western CA, Transverse Range
- Natural Habitat: Shady places, chaparral, woodland, below 1,800'
- Care and Maintenance
- From California Native Plants, Theodore Payne's 1941 catalog: "A pretty little trailing plant much prized for its fragrance. Very useful as a ground cover under trees. Gallon cans, 35c."
- Other Names
- Micromeria chamissonis
- Bornstein, Carol, David Fross, and Bart O'Brien. California Native Plants for the Garden. Los Olivos, CA: Cachuma Press. 2005.


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History:Classic Database Schema
Products > Database > DatabaseDocumentation > DatabaseSchema
The MusicBrainz Database Schema
This document describes the database structure of the MusicBrainz database, as of the Subversion copy at 20th August 2003. It is not meant to be a complete definition or any kind of definitive reference - it is just a series of pictures with some narrative, intended to be helpful to people trying to understand the overall form of the database. Also the diagrams were not produced automatically or anything - they were done by hand, so many contain errors. Please be forgiving if this is the case.
This document is partially outdated
This document does not describe the current state of the MusicBrainz database, but is a snapshot of how it looked like in mid 2003. In the meantime AdvancedRelationships were introduced and many other small but substantial changes. Please check the images against the up-to-date CreateTables.sql script. The other scripts in the sql directory give more details about index, foreign key, and serial number management workings of the MusicBrainz Server. Please be advised that you'll need to understand the fundamentals of SQL before these scripts will make sense to you.
We also used to attempt to document our future plans for the database. But, as it is typical in software engineering, our implementations never matched our speculations about how we thought we'd do things in the future. In order to get a gimpse of what we are working on the for the future, take a look a the MusicBrainz Development page which describes the CurrentWork being done on MusicBrainz. There is a page on how a NextGenerationSchema could look like, and an ObjectModel that goes with it. It is not clear at this time (05/2006) if, and when these changes get implemented.
The Whole Database in Miniature
Firstly let's just take a quick look at the whole database, in all its glory, all twenty-five tables of it:
In order to understand the big picture, we will break it down into smaller chunks:
Finally there is a full-size image (71kb, 2085x1495px) of the diagram, if you'd like to decorate your appartment or whatever you like to do with it :))


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from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
- n. Any of a class of enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of nitriles to carboxylic acids and ammonia, without the formation of "free" amide intermediates.
nitrile aminohydrolase (Wiktionary)
For example the E. coli gene ybeM has homologs in 52 other organisms, from yeast to humans, and is a member of the nitrilase family, but we just don't know what it does.
Wordnik is becoming a not-for-profit! Read our announcement here.


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African History from the 1400s to the 1800s
Click on the letters and numbers below to read about historical events in the various regions of Africa:
When you have finished reading about the historical events in Africa, view the timeline and graphic organizer for Map 2 and fill them out with the appropriate information.
Go to Timeline for Map 2
Go on to Activity Three or select from the other activities in the lesson below.


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One of the classic mistakes in graphics is the height / volume fail. This is how it works: the length of an object is used to portray some sort of relative metric. But in the quest to make the graphic prettier, the object is turned into a 2D, or worse, 3D object. This means that for a linear dimension where one object is 2x as long as another, its area is actually 4x the other and its volume is 8x. The eye tends to notice the area or volume, so that the difference is exaggerated.
The Tebow character is, by the data, supposed to be about 1.7x the Brady character. And this may be true of the heights, but visually it looks something like 4x larger because the eye is processing something in between area and volume, distorting one's impression of the data. The problem is made worse by the fact that the characters are arrayed over a 3D plane. Is there perspective at work? Is Rodgers smaller than Peyton Manning because his figure is at the back, or because of the data? The Vick figure, by the data, should be smaller than the Rodgers figure but due to tricks of perspective, it looks larger to me.
This and much more is explained in this Edward Tufte book, the Visual Display of Quantitative Information. You will find this book on a surprising number of geek shelves (next to a tattered copy of Goedel-Escher-Bach) but it is virtually unknown in the general populace. Every USA Today graphics maker should be forced to read it.


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Use the Lexology Navigator tool to compare the answers in this article with those from other jurisdictions.
Recognition of foreign proceedings
Under what circumstances will the courts in your jurisdiction recognise the validity of foreign insolvency proceedings?
Both the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act and the Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act allow for the recognition of foreign proceedings based on the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvencies. Under both statutes, proceedings are commenced by way of a foreign representative's application. The foreign representative must demonstrate that they have been appointed as a 'foreign representative' and that the application relates to a 'foreign proceeding', as defined in the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act and Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act.
The availability of a stay depends on whether the foreign proceeding is a foreign main proceeding or a foreign non-main proceeding. If it is the former, there is an automatic stay of proceedings in Canada over the debtor's property. If it is the latter, the court will exercise its discretion as to whether a stay of proceedings is warranted in Canada.
A foreign main proceeding will be recognised where it is located in a jurisdiction in which the debtor has its centre of main interests (COMI). The location of the debtor's registered office will be deemed to be its COMI in the absence of evidence to the contrary.
Winding up foreign companies
What is the extent of the courts' powers to order the winding up of foreign companies doing business in your jurisdiction?
The Canadian courts are cognisant of the effects that their determinations have on cross-border proceedings. Consequently, while the courts can exercise their powers in instances where a foreign incorporated company has assets, is doing business or has its COMI in Canada, they are cautious in adjudicating these matters in a unilateral fashion.
The Canadian courts have generally advocated in favour of flexible and adaptive regimes that allow them to implement solutions consistent with the underlying jurisdictions' legal processes and principles. For instance, the Ontario Court of Appeal ordered a Canadian company over which it had authority to attorn to a foreign court because it was practical in the circumstances, while holding that such attornment did not prevent the company from exercising future rights in Canada. However, in their drive to ensure comity, the Canadian courts do not make orders that are contrary to domestic laws.
Centre of main interests
How is the centre of main interests determined in your jurisdiction?
To determine a company's COMI, the Canadian courts will consider the location of its headquarters or main office and management and the location which a significant number of creditors recognise as its COMI.
The court may also consider:
- the location where corporate decisions are made;
- the location of the debtor's corporate, banking, strategic and management functions;
- the existence of shared management between the entities; and
- the location of the debtor's treasury management functions, including the management of accounts receivable and payables.
What is the general approach of the courts in your jurisdiction to cooperating with foreign courts in managing cross-border insolvencies?
The Canadian courts appreciate the importance of cooperating with foreign courts in cross-border insolvencies. As such, cross-border insolvency protocols have been established in order to:
- achieve efficiency;
- protect the various stakeholders; and
- balance the principle of comity with the protection of domestic debtors and creditors.
The Supreme Court has advocated in favour of a pluralist approach, recognising that different jurisdictions have valid concurrent interests in cross-border insolvency proceedings.
Click here to view the full article.


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NASA astronaut and International Space Station (ISS) Expedition One Commander, William "Bill" Shepherd, built this table during the first ISS mission from components that he found on board the Russian Service Module in 2001. The table is a workstation built for Shepherd's personal use during his long-duration stay on board the space station. This was the first object that NASM acquired from the ISS program. The story behind the construction of the table adds a unique dimension to the history of human space exploration. Bill Shepherd improvised the table with space parts. This improvisation demonstrates the continued need for invention in the closed environment of a space station.
NASA transferred this table to the museum.
Transferred from NASA, Johnson Space Center.