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Free essay: coretta scott king coretta scott king was born on april 27, 1927 in heiberger, alabama heiberger was a small segregated town coretta's parents. Sr and alberta williams king he married coretta scott martin luther iii, dexter scott martin luther king's shattered dream essay - martin luther king. The coretta scott king award the coretta scott king award is sponsored by encyclopedia brittanica, demco, bcala, and the world book encyclopedia the. Throughout history many movements have tended to have a founding father and mother coretta scott king portrayed this mother in the american civil rights movement.
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Coretta scott king, the widow of slain civil rights leader martin luther king jr, who has died at the age of 78, should be remembered for many brave and selfless deeds. Ver vídeo coretta scott king was an american civil rights activist and the wife of 1960s civil rights leader martin luther king jr learn more. Coretta scott king and the civil-rights "i realized how important it was for me to stand with martin," she recalled in a 1966 essay in new lady. Share your dream now and visit the king center digital archive to see more than 10,000 documents from martin the meaning of the king holiday by coretta scott king.Download
2018. Education database.


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||This article needs more links to other articles to help integrate it into the encyclopedia. (December 2012)|
In the context of software or information modeling, a happy path is a default scenario featuring no exceptional or error conditions, and comprises the sequence of activities executed if everything goes as expected. For example, the "happy path" for a function validating credit card numbers would be where none of the validation rules raise an error, thus letting execution continue successfully to the end, generating a positive response.
Process steps for a happy path are also used in the context of a use case. In contrast to the happy path, process steps for alternate paths and exception paths may also be documented.
Happy path testing is a well-defined test case using known input, which executes without exception and produces an expected output.
Happy day scenario and Golden path are synonyms for happy path.
|This computer programming-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Arizona receives $30M EPA funding for water, infrastructure projects
PHOENIX — The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has made available $2.7 billion for State Revolving Funds (SRFs), $30.6 million of which will be available to Arizona.
According to a press release, the funds assist states in their quest to ensure safe drinking water and protect surface water, along with aiding related infrastructure projects.
EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler credited the Trump Administration for prioritizing infrastructure updates that are long overdue.
"In the past three years, the Trump Administration has accelerated EPA's investment in infrastructure projects that modernize our nation's water infrastructure and improve public health and the environment," Wheeler noted.
The Trump Administration's efforts will also "improve access to clean drinking water and provide necessary wastewater upgrades in our local communities," according to the agency head.
Of the $30.6 million made available to Arizona, about $10.8 million will focus on infrastructure projects, while roughly $19.8 million will be used for treating contaminated water, aiding flood preparation, and uninstalling lead service lines.
In addition to the states themselves, the EPA's funding is also being used to aid water related issues affecting various native tribes and territories.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Courses are designed for editors and artists with little or no previous exposure to Autodesk Flame, as well as for those who are self taught and wish to improve their workflow. The goal is to enable participants to quickly learn the essential skills needed to use Autodesk Flame in their daily work and understand the concepts that will allow them to expand their skills while working.
Flame L1: Timeline A-Z – Editing/Compositing
Key interface components, the Flame desktop, media management, conform and editing essentials, Batch essentials, color correction, keying, introduction to tracking, compositing workflow in the Timeline and Effect tabs, as well as an introduction to Action.
Grading L1.1: Color Management and Grading in Flame
This Course is for Flame users who want to expand their skills to color finishing.
Topics include: color policy, color transforms for input, working, display and output color spaces, grading workflow, grading and selection techniques.
Grading L1.2: Workflow and Grading Basics for Colorists
Courses are designed for colorists with little or no previous exposure to Lustre, and for those who are self-taught and wish to improve their workflow.
The goal is to enable participants to quickly learn the essential skills needed to use Autodesk Lustre in their daily work as well as understand the concepts that will allow them to expand their skills while working.
Topics include: Lustre project, media management and workflow, working in log or lin, the grading toolset, timeline, tracking, geometries and animations. Tips to speed up a grading session. Color grading techniques.
Level 2 Advanced Compositing
The course focuses on advanced compositing and finishing techniques for intermediate and senior-level users. The goal is to provide workflow and compositing techniques that enable editors and compositors to master Flame and to raise the quality and effectiveness in their daily work. The course explores compositing in 3D space, working with different 2d and 3d objects, advanced keying, advanced selective workflow, advanced graphics, tracking techniques and animation as well as extensive 3D features and scene-based effects in Action..
Level 3 Advanced Techniques
This course focuses on advanced techniques and new features for intermediate to advanced Flame users and particularly those who wish to take full advantage of Flame Premium. The topics include use of the various batch FX nodes with specific attention to the Matchbox shader nodes, lighting, 3D integration and 3d render passes, as well as timeline and batch effects and grading workflow.


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The dances of the English court were heavily influenced by what was happening in Europe at the time, particularly in France and Italy. Performances are based on carefully researched dance and music manuals of the period. Passamezzo Early Dance takes its name from the 'Passamezzo' - a typical 16th century Italian dance.
The dances are performed in lavish period costumes that have been thoroughly researched from primary sources. The fabrics, styles and even the underwear are as historically correct as possible. The overall effect is to bring the Renaissance to life.
Recent example shown here is a Torch Dance performed at Leominster Priory as part of a re-enactment of a Tudor masque.
The Passamezzo Early Dancers are often accompanied by the Border Waites, a five-part ensemble based on the municipal town bands common all over Europe between the 15th and 18th centuries. Their members are drawn from principle theatres and early-music ensembles including The Royal Shakespeare Theatre, The Globe Theatre, The Corelli Orchestra, The King's Consort & The Gabrieli Players.


text: Welcome to the Evolutionary Computing Systems Lab (ECSL) directed by Dr. Sushil J. Louis. ECSL is hosted by the Computer Science Department of the University of Nevada-Reno. We investigate systems that combine genetic algorithm (GA) search with case-based reasoning (CBR) principles. Such Case Injected Genetic AlgoRithms (CIGAR) lead to a new paradigm for machine learning with special emphasis on design, optimization, and human modeling. CIGAR learns to take less time and produce better quality solutions as it gains experience. Empirical results from logic design, combinatorial optimization, and other applications show that these systems perform remarkably well across a variety of problem domains and solution representations.


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Over the past 20 years, a wide range of systems have been used to prevent rising damp. These include both practical and obscure methods, some which have been short lived, due to difficulty in installation, dubious effectiveness and in some cases, detrimental effects to the treated building.
Pressure injection chemical dampproof courses have been successfully used for over 25 years and is a nominated method on restoration projects throughout the world.
The Westox Injection System has consistently been used by Restoration Bodies on many of Australias oldest buildings, ranging from Victorian Terraces to major conservation projects. The advantage of this injection system includes the level of installation which may be lower than some other commonly used methods. This provides protection to the skirting boards and can avoid dampness bringing through new plaster. Speed and cleanliness of installation are two other factors in arriving at an objective choice.
Approved applicators of the Westox Chemical Dampproof Courses carry out a careful survey of the problem and provide a written report and quotation. Enquire today to contact our Approved Applicators.
As an accurate diagnosis is critical in making an appraisal of any dampness problem, an electronic meter is used to assess moisture content and to identify it's source. It is not uncommon to see properties treated at great expense for rising damp when the problem could be as simple as a broken down pipe or other minor repair.
After the installation of the new damp course, the walls will gradually dry out. Depending on the moisture content and the thickness of the walls, this could take in excess of one year. The replacement of all damp affected plaster is essential to prevent secondary dampness.
Salt contamination of the old plaster is caused by the moisture containing salts, rising up through the capillaries of the brick work from the ground below. These salts build up in the plaster over a period of time and attract airborne moisture. It is the expansion and contraction of these salts which cause the familiar rising damp symptoms of eroding and blistering paints and plaster. The major proportion of the salts are removed with the old plaster. The new render is designed to allow the passage of water vapour, so that the residual moisture can dissipate from the wall. With the use of a special formulated cement additive called Westox Salt Retarder, the old plaster can be replaced soon after the installation of the new dampproof course.
Westox 50 is a low molecular structure alkoxysiloxane solution formulated to provide maximum penetration in both brick and stone
Volume Solids 6/7%
Package Size 20 Litre Drums
Notes For specialised applications, we have alternative injection fluids available
The rate of fluid used will be relative to the porosity of the materials and the thickness of the walls. As a general guide the fluid requirements are in the region od 1.5 – 2 Litres per 110mm thickness of wall per lineal meter.
On the commencement of a typical rising damp project, the applicator removes the skirtings. Skirting may be refitted after the installation of the chemical dampproof course and the completion of replastering. In some cases the skirtings may be rotten and require replacement.
The damp affected plaster is then removed to expose the brick stone.
After selecting the course of brick or stone which will become the new dampproof course, as series of 10mm holes are drilled at an appropriate depth and spacing.
The injection lances are then introduced into the holes and a seal is formed by a rubber expansion washer which holds the lance firmly into the brick or stone.
The selected Westox Injection Fluid is then pumped via flexible tubing into the brickwork and the fluid, now under pressure is forced through the cappilaries of the brick or stone until is is visually evident that saturation has taken place.
The lances are then removed and the procedure repeated progressing along the wall to be treated. The injection fluid continues to penetrate through masonry and mortar joints by capillarity for approximately 24 hours.
After the full thickness of the wall is injected the continuous saturated section of masonry will become the new dampproof course. After a short drying period, the walls may be replastered to complete the job.
After the 'drying out' period (minimun 7 days), the walls are to be replastered to the following specification:
40 parts fresh water to 1 part Westox Salt Retarder (eg 20 Litres of water to 500mL Salt Retarder).
1 Part OP Cement
3 Parts washed sharp plastering sand.
IMPORTANT: do not add lime, plasticiser or any other additives.
Mix to a workable consistancy and apply at a minimum thickness of 10mm.
After overnight drying the wall may be set finished with a mixture of hard wall plaster and hydrated lime. Should a sponge finish of render be required, a second coat of render may be applied on the same day as the salt retarding coat. This finish coat is to be of 6 sand, 1 cement, 1 lime.
After adequate drying, either the original or replacement skirtings may be fitted.
Store in a cool, dry place


text:
Sew & Co is a sewing school just for kids.
Our pattern for success:
These days screen time is normal, but kids still need a break. Allowing them a space to relax, be social and create gives them the balance of the online and offline world. S&C focuses on mindfulness, creativity and fun!
Sew & Co is an educational program bringing back a lost art for kids. Research shows creating or tending things by hand makes us happy. S&C inspires happiness in kids through independence and
... Read more
Sew & Co aligns with the Australian Curriculum and teaches maths and literacy skills. The bonus of creating at Sew & Co is that kids enjoy learning through a unique and exciting activity tailored just for them.


pipsissewa
(redirected from prince's pine)
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Related to prince's pine: princess pine
pipsissewa (pip·siˑ·s·w),
n Latin name:
Chimaphila umbellata; part used: dried herb; uses: astringent, antispasmodic, anxiolytic, seizures, kidney stones, skin ulcerations, diabetes, urinary infections; precautions: pregnancy, lactation, children, ulcers (peptic and duodenal), Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, diabetes mellitus, GERD, iron deficiency. Also called
ground holly, prince's pine, spotted wintergreen, or
wintergreen.


Friday, January 7, 2011
My Guide to Vietnam: Interacting With Buddhist Monks and Nuns
Most visitors to Vietnam will encounter monks and nuns.
Buddhist temples make up a big part of the itinerary for any visitor to Vietnam, and almost all of these places are living, thriving monastic communities.
You will witness monks and nuns wandering about attending to their duties, and for most they remain mysterious, exotic and ever-so-slightly glamorous figures.
Any reader of Destination Saigon will know that Buddhist monks and nuns are a big part of my world, both in Vietnam and Australia, and have been so for many years.
People often ask me how they should behave in the presence of monastics, so here is a bit of advice.
Whenever you encounter monks or nuns you should greet them in the traditional Buddhist manner, with your hands clasped in the "prayer" position, at the chest.
In Vietnamese this is called chap tay, and it is a lovely tradition that is steeped in symbolic meaning. Thich Nhat Hanh writes about it, comparing the clasped hands to a lotus bud. By placing our hands together at our chest and bowing slightly (no need to over-do it), we are honouring and respecting the other person - Thich Nhat Hanh says the Buddha in me is greeting the Buddha in you, or "a lotus to you, a Buddha-to-be." Monks greet each other in a similar fashion, as do lay-people when they are at temple. In Vietnam the chap tay is reasonably uncomplicated - you simply make the gesture at chest level, no matter who you are or who you are meeting. In other South-East Asian countries it is altogether more tricky, and you have to raise your hands to different levels depending on what you are doing and who you are encountering. I invariably do it wrong. To make matters worse, the conventions are ever-so-slightly different in Thailand, Laos and Cambodia, so that what was ok in one place becomes a gaffe in another.
When Buddhists make the chap tay gesture they also normally say Mo Phat, which is an abbreviated version of the mantra Nam Mo A Di Da Phat, which means "Hail Amitabha Buddha." If you can master these two actions, you will be an instant member of the Buddhist community in Vietnam!
If you see monks or nuns, do smile at them and greet them – most foreigners ignore them - mostly because they they are shy, I suspect, or worried that they may say or do something wrong. Perhaps they are also concerned that a monk is not to be bothered with foolish tourists and everyday gestures. But believe me, they love it when someone is friendly towards them
, especially a foreigner. Monks and nuns in Vietnam are frequently well educated and can sometimes speak good English, so do try to connect.
Of course, there are a couple of simple dos and donts when it comes to interacting with them:
 - Avoid physical contact, especially if they are of the opposite sex.
 - Dress respectfully, especially if they invite you to a special event - this goes for men and women - no shorts and only shirts with sleeves.
 - Be careful of violent acts - most monastics in Vietnam are strict vegetarians, and things like swatting at mosquitoes and squashing ants, which we do instinctively, can actually upset them.
 - Don't visit the temple if you have been drinking.
 - Don't arrange meetings at cafes, hotels, shopping centres or other places of secular entertainment - generally their vows don't allow them to go to such places. You can meet at temples, bookshops and vegetarian restaurants instead.
 - Don't give them tasks or errands, or ask them to pass on messages or gifts. Their vows actually forbid this.
 - Offer them money, by all means, but do it discreetly - always put the money in an envelope. It also helps them if you tell them what the money is for e.g. "This is for you" or "This is for the temple." Generally they are bound to use the money in the way the lay-person intends, so make it easy for them. If they refuse a monetary gift, you can always insist and say it's for the temple, or for charity, in which case they must accept. What do nuns and monks need money for? I hear you ask. Well, books, study-fees, transport, food - most rely entirely on private sponsors just to survive, so your gifts will always be needed. If you ask them what they want, please be clear about the amount you want to spend, as this saves awkward situations. If you are ofering to buy them $30 worth of books, say so, so they will know not to ask for $10,000 for a temple extension. This might seem all very mundane and worldly, but it is, in fact, the kind of thing that local lay-people do in their own interactions with the religious.
 - If you see a monk or nun in a bookstore, offer to pay for their purchase. You can also do this in a vegetarian restaurant. If they are already in the company of lay-people, however, it's probably best not to do this, as they are probably already being looked after, and you don't want to embarrass anyone.
 - Gifts for monastics: apart from cash, you can offer tea (especially imported), live plants (esp. orchids), cut flowers, fruit, books (they love Buddhist books in English), stationery, Buddhist religious images and paraphernalia (especially from other countries), incense (expensive or imported only), candy and cartons of soft-drink or vegetarian packet noodles.
 1. I went to a temple in VN, dad and i donated $400 AUD, it feeds nearly 200 children i think, i cant quite remember.. rice.
 Its so sad... and for some its like a handbag.. gahhh i feel guilty ><
 2. I know what you mean Dolly - sometimes when I reflect on how I waste money here in Australia I get to feeling guilty.
 But being aware of this imbalance is in itself a big step -most people simply don't think of it. We can provide an example through our own quiet generosity when we travel.
 3. Hi, Walter. I just read your book and I want to thank you for allowing me to visit Vietnam this year. It was the first year I wasn't able to go. I'm hoping to get back next January. If you are ever in Ba Ria Vung Tau, please visit my monastery, Buu Tich, on Van Hanh Road. The nuns there, Thich nu Tam Khong and Thich nu Tam Phap, look after over 40 children.
 4. Venerable Sister - thank you so much for taking the time to comment - what a privilege! I will certainly visit the nunnery next time I am in VN - I just got back!
 5. Hi Walter, I just found this blog. I needed to brush up on my Buddhist temple ettiquette before a day with my wife's family participating in Tet day activities around Hai Phong. Excellent advice. I was actually in Vietnam at the time you wrote this blog. I'm back again now. I'll make some time to get around the rest of your blog soon. :-) Thanks and Chuc Mung Nam Moi!
 6. Dear Mason,
 How wonderful, and New Year's Blessings to you too! Please pass on any tips or interesting news.
Related Posts with Thumbnails


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Salon Glacé Pastry Quiz
How much do you really know (or would like to know!) about classic patisserie?
With programmes such as 'The Great British Bake Off, Creme de la Creme' inspiring us with challenges beyond the iconic Victoria Sponge Sandwich, more and more of us are taking a break from the bakery and opening the gilded door into the fabulous world of patisserie.
As devout classicist's of the patisserie kind, we have also noticed a trend towards mixing things up
a bit. Whilst experimentation and personal interpretation is always great and should be encouraged, the downside is that many classic desserts/pastries/cakes are getting a little lost in translation.
With this in mind, we thought it would be fun (and hopefully informative) to put together
a selection of questions and answers based on facts taken from old college study books, past patisserie exam papers, plus a sprinkling of our own knowledge.
If you didn't get a chance to have a go at the first Salon Glacé Pastry Quiz, don't worry, it's still here.
Scroll down past quiz number two, which is coming up.
We have put together another 30 questions to test your knowledge, some will be a little harder than before, but we hope you will still find it enjoyable and of course informative.
As in the previous quiz, answers can be found at the end. As you can see, we have not yet managed to make it interactive, so very much old school; good luck, turn your papers over now!
1.What is the name of the protein present in standard flour?
3. What is the name of the patron Saint of pastry chefs?
a) St-Pierre b) St-Chibouste c) StHonoré
5. What is the term used to describe fruits that have been steeped in rising concentrations of sugar syrup over a period of time?
a) Givreé b) Glacé c)Condé d) Frappé
7.What is the percentage of butterfat contained in double cream?
a) 35 b)18 c)48 d)35
9. What is the name of the gas produced by yeast during fermentation?
a) Nitrogen Dioxide b) Carbon Monoxide
c) Carbon Dioxide d) helium
2. 'Guimauve' is the French name for:
a) Nougat b) Custard c) Jam d) Marshmallow
4. In which area of patisserie would you use a purpose made cabinet and heat lamp?
6. A boat (barquette) shaped pastry created from a savarin dough is known as a?
a) Rum Baba b) Éclair c)Marignan d) Polka
8. What is a white praline?
a) White chocolate/almonds b)toasted marzipan c)
10. The term 'Monmorency' within a dessert title, usually indicates the presence of?
a) Chestnuts b) Meringue c) Cherries d) Marzipan
30 Pastry Questions
Salon Glacé Pastry Quiz II
11. Which of the following is the odd one out?
a) Paris-Brest b) Croquembouche
c) SaintHonoré d) Vacherin
13.What type of pastry is used to make 'Palmiers'?
15. What is the main flavour in the classic pastry 'Mont Blanc'?
a) Hazelnut b) Coconut c) Chestnut d) Walnut
17. Mincemeat, used in the making of sweet mince pies contains suet; true or false?
19. Puff pastry should be baked in a hot oven: true or false?
12. A classic Gateau Fraisier is traditionally finished with?
a) Meringue b) Almond Paste c) Fondant
d) Apricot Glaze
14. What is the meaning of the word 'Sablé'?
a) Golden b) Soft c) Sand d) Shortcrust
16. Which one of the following is the odd one out? a) Sponge fingers b) Swiss Roll
c) Victoria Sponge Sandwich d) Sponge Flan
18. What name is given to the small pastries or sweetmeats served with coffee at the end of a meal?
20. What is the collective term used to describe the breakfast pastries, such as Croissants, Pain aux Raisins, Pain aux Chocolate?
We're starting this very first Salon Glacé Pastry Quiz with 30 easy questions to get you off to a good start.
You will need a pen and paper to jot down your answers, which you can find by scrolling down to the bottom of the page; sorry the next one might be interactive, if we can get to grips with the template!
There are no time limits (or prizes), it's just for fun, see how you get on, good luck!
30 Pastry Questions
Salon Glacé Pastry Quiz I
For answers plus a little bit of extra info, scroll down to the bottom of the page;
no cheating now!
1. When preparing a Charlotte Russe, the Charlotte mould should be lined with?
a) Swiss Roll b) Sponge Fingers
c) Chocolate Cigarillos d) Langues de chat
5.Which of the following contains Frangipane?
a) Charlotte Royale b) Rum Baba
c) Gateau Pithiviers d) Apple Strudel
3. What is the name of the hard butter sauce traditionally served with Christmas Pudding?
7. Tempering is a process applied to what?
9. By what name is an Omelette Norvégienne better known?
a) Artic Roll b) Baked Alaska
c) Crepes Suzette d) Yule Log
2. Savarin paste contains yeast; true or false?
4. What is the name of the decorative technique/finish applied to a Cream Slice/Millefeuilles?
6.Which fruit is used in the making of a classic Tarte Tatin?
8. Why are/were unlined copper bowls used to make meringue?
10. What is the name given to fresh cream that has been whipped and sweetened, and is often flavoured with a liqueur or an extract?
Questions continue below...
Scroll down for more questions...
21. What fruit would you be using if you were making a 'Melba Sauce'?
23. What shape is a 'Barquette' tartlette tin?
25. Which is the odd one out?
a) Brioche b) Danish Pastry
c) Bath Bun d) Cream Horn
27. What item could be made using the following ingredients:?
100g butter/marg, 2 eggs, 100g caster sugar,
29. What fruit is traditionally used in a bread and butter pudding?
a) Cranberries b) Figs c) Sultanas d) Cherries
22. What is made by mixing 2 parts Cream of Tartar with one part Bicarbonate of Soda?
24. What is another name for 'Hard Flour'?
26. Adding an acid or lemon juice to boiling sugar will?
a) give it a nice lemony flavour
b)increase volume c) prevent premature crystalisation d) stop it burning
28. What is the purpose of roasting/toasting some nuts before use?
30. How does baking a cake vary from the construction of torten and gateaux?
This one is really more for your information.
Ready for the answers!!....
1.B 2.True 3.Brandy Butter 4.Marbling or Feathering 5.C
6.Apple The classic Tarte Tatin is said to have been invented by two sisters who ran the Hotel de la Gare (now called Hotel Tatin), in the town of Lamotte Beuvron, France in the 1880s.
Before Chocolate Couveture can be used, it must be tempered to rid it of any contamination by moisture.
Patisserie by LJ Hanneman ( our edition 1993) explains it like this:
" Cocoa butter can be regarded as being a mixture of two fats 'A' with a low melting point and latent heat, and 'B' with a high melting point and latent heat. The 'A' type crystals of fat which are soft and feel greasy, whilst the 'B' type crystals of fat impart the gloss and snap required in well tempered chocolate.
To eliminate the 'A' type crystals, the couverture should be completely melted, then cooled to the setting point of the 'A' crystals when 'B' crystals are produced as well. The mass is now heated to the temperature at which only the 'A' crystals will melt, leaving some 'B' crystals. On setting, the whole mass will crystallise out in the 'B' crystal form. (this process is known as seeding)."
The book goes on to say: " Once a quantity of liquid tempered chocolate has been obtained, it can be used to seed fresh batches of untempered chocolate. The usual procedure is to have a large bowl of liquid chocolate available and, as the tempered chocolate is used, it is replaced by the liquid untempered variety. This is how chocolate is tempered for large
scale use in a factory"
8. The process of hand whisking against the copper creates a reaction with the egg whites and sugar resulting in a denser meringue with increased volume.
9.B Baked Alaska, also known as 'Glace au Four'.
10. Creme Chantilly. Any fresh cream, whipped, sweetened and usually flavoured is known as Chantilly;
vanilla is the most recognised.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
When you experience a traumatic event, initially it is certainly not the focal point of someone else's joke. However, as time goes on, many may ease their distress with humor, but when is it okay to joke about tragedies?
According to the Benign Violation Theory, humor emerges when we perceive something that is wrong (a violation), while also seeing that it is okay (benign). Psychological distance may be one key component that can make a violation seem okay. Research has demonstrated that once a person is removed from a violation by space, time, relationships, or imagination, it can foster humor.
In a study conducted by psychological scientist Peter McGraw, who runs the Humor Research Lab (HuRL) at the University of Colorado Boulder, and colleagues explored when violation severity and psychological distance work together to facilitate humor.
Participants were instructed to take an online survey where they would rate an event in their lives by the severity and distinguish if the event became more or less funny over time.
McGraw discovered participants who reported a violation, such as being hit by a car, was funnier if it occurred five years go. While a mild violation such as hitting a toe, was funny if it occurred yesterday.
Five studies were conducted and supported the theory. Participants stated events that became funnier over time were more severe than events that were categorized as mild violations.
All five studies demonstrated with space, time and social relationships, an individual may categorize a once severe event as very humorous one over time.
"These findings suggest that there's a real sweet spot in comedy - you have to get the right mix between how bad something is and how distant it is in order for it to be seen as a benign violation," McGraw said.
This study was published in the journal Psychological Science.


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Double Lane Change
Double lane change 3D environment
The Double Lane Change scene is a 3D environment of a straight road containing cones, traffic signs, and barrels. The cones are set up for a vehicle to perform a double lane change maneuver. The scene is rendered using the Unreal Engine® from Epic Games®.
To simulate a driving algorithm in this scene:
 3. Set the enabled Scene name parameter to Double lane change.
Explore Double Lane Change Scene
Explore the 3D Double Lane Change scene and inspect its dimensions by using a corresponding 2D top-view image of the scene.
Load the 2D spatial referencing object that corresponds to the scene. This imref2d (Image Processing Toolbox) object describes the relationship between the pixels in the image and the world coordinates of the scene.
data = load('sim3d_SpatialReferences.mat');
spatialRef = data.spatialReference.DoubleLaneChange
spatialRef =
 imref2d with properties:
 XWorldLimits: [-_PHONE_ _PHONE_]
 YWorldLimits: [-_PHONE_ _PHONE_]
 ImageSize: [4845 4845]
 PixelExtentInWorldX: 0.1886
 PixelExtentInWorldY: 0.1886
 ImageExtentInWorldX: _PHONE_
 ImageExtentInWorldY: _PHONE_
 XIntrinsicLimits: [0.5000 4.8455e+03]
 YIntrinsicLimits: [0.5000 4.8455e+03]
The image displays only the area of the scene containing the parking lot. The full scene has a length and width of 2016 meters.
fileName ='sim3d_DoubleLaneChange.jpg';
I = imshow(fileName,spatialRef);
xlabel('X (m)')
ylabel('Y (m)')
Zoom in on the origin of the scene. Place a marker at the origin. If you place a vehicle at the scene origin and set the vehicle's yaw angle to 0, the traffic cones for performing the double lane change maneuver are directly in front of the vehicle.
xlim([-100 100])
ylim([-100 100])
hold on
offset = 3; % px
hold off


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Make Your Own USB Light
What you need
First: Flexible tube of approximately 30 cm. The length and color of tube depends on your personal taste, just make sure it is flexible enough as you will want to be able to accommodate your night light to your needs. There are several tubes that will do, even certain short coaxial (TV) cables if emptied from the wires can become night light tubes.
Second: One White Luminous LED. These come in different lumens (lumens is for LEDs what watts is for light bulbs. Just make sure you have a bright one. They are not expensive at all and they will outlast any light bulb. You can get other colors if you want, but make sure they are Luminous LEDs.
Third: You will need an old USB cable.
Fourth: A solder and soldering iron.
Environmental Safety: Prioritize your safety. Keep in mind that you are working with electricity, so keep your environment dry. This article is not responsible for your own interpretations of this article.
Start Building your Night Light
Step one: Cut the end of USB cable that does not go into the computer. Strip the insulation of the end.
Step two: Pass the cable through the flexible tube you have chosen.
Step three: Cut the cable to adjust to the length of Flexible tube. 30 cm should be good enough.
Step four: Solder the red and black USB wires to the LED's positive and negative end. Which is which? LEDs have two legs which are the cathode (-) and the anode (+). The longer leg is positive, and the shorter leg is the negative. So connect the red USB wire to the longer positive LED light, and the black USB wire to the short negative leg of the LED.
Step five: Now fix the cables inside the tube, and adjust the LEDS to one of its ends, and the USB to the other. You can use adapters to fix the LEDS in position or just black tape it with black tape.
Step six: Connect your new light to the computer.
You can use different LEDs, and different tubes. Keep in mind that you are using 5 volts.


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William James Morden field photograph collection of Alaska
Scope and Contents
Field photographs of Alaska. Includes photographs from the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Army.
Language of Materials
Conditions Governing Access
Please contact Special Collections; materials are sometimes restricted.
2 boxes (194 photographic prints)
Includes field photographs and one caption list.
Color tranpsarencies in Box 2.
Condition reviewed 2010 good; Prints are sleeved.
- William James Morden field photograph collection of Alaska, 1949
- Iris Lee, 2010
- Description rules
- Describing Archives: A Content Standard
- Language of description
- Script of description
- Code for undetermined script
- Language of description note
- The Gladys Krieble Delmas Foundation provided support to make this finding aid available in ArchivesSpace (2016-2017). Minimal level collection record created with support from the Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR) Hidden Collections grant, 2010.
Part of the Museum Archives at the Gottesman Research Library Repository
American Museum of Natural History
200 Central Park West
New York NY 10024 USA


two lighting systems using which, the chart elements are lighted up. The light source may be fixed outside the chart, or you might address it as "Chart World". This causes only those sides of the chart to get the light, which face the light source. Thus, when the chart is manually rotated, dynamic shades are created on the chart surfaces. This system of lighting system is called "Dynamic shading". Another type of lighting system is there where the light source is fixed with the chart. You may call it world lighting. In this case, the light source rotates with the rotation of the chart. Hence, the surface facing the light source gets lightened and continues to be in the bright side despite any manual rotation of the chart being made, whereas the surface not facing the light keeps remaining in darkness with every chart rotation. By default, the chart is set in world mode. However, the dynamicShading attribute lets you decide whether to keep the chart in world mode or non-world mode. If you set dynamicShading to 1, the chart will be in dynamic shading/non-world mode. XML Example: Let's compare the following two charts: one with dynamicShading="0" and the other with dynamicShading="1". Initially, there is no difference between the two charts. The charts are rendered in the same way. Same surfaces of both the charts are facing the light source. (From a particular point of view, the two charts are looking same after being rendered, although the left one is in world mode and the right one is in non-world. Note that the reference viewpoint will be same in all the cases discussed below. ) dynamicShading="0" dynamicShading="1" Shown below are the compared sequence of the two charts, manually rotated by same angles. dynamicShading="0" dynamicShading="1" Notice, that for both the charts the light source is somewhere near the top right corner of the chart center. In case of the chart with dynamicShading="1" (charts on the right hand side), the light source is fixed in that place. It keeps on lighting up the chart surfaces in front of it. On the other hand, the left chart, with dynamicShading="0", keeps the remaining in darkness when any rotation occurs. Setting light source angles In the simulated 3D world of the chart, you can specify the light source w.r.t the chart world coordinate system. You can do this using the following attributes. Attribute Range Description lightAngX 0 to 360/ 0 to -360 Using this, you can specify the angular position of the light source (for X-axis) w.r.t the chart world coordinate system. lightAngY 0 to 360/ 0 to -360 This attribute allows you to specify the angular position of the light source (for Y-axis) w.r.t the chart world coordinate system. The values of lightAngX and lightAngY are same as cameraAngX/startAngX/endAngX and cameraAngY/startAngY/endAngY, as discussed earlier in this section i.e., "Specifying Camera Angles" section. To get a clear picture, let us go through a visual tour and see how the light source can be placed using X and Y angles. The following three images shows how a chart will look with different light angle definitions: XML Example: XML Example: XML Example: XML Example: Using bright2D option bright2D attribute provides maximum brightness to the chart while being rendered in 2D mode. This is applicable only when you've set dynamicShading to 1. However, once you set this attribute to 1, it won't allow you to use lightAngX and lightAngY attributes. Rather, it automatically sets up the light sources to give the brightest view of the chart in 2D mode. XML Example: Controlling light intensity You can control the intensity of the light that falls on the chart elements. The intensity attribute will enable you to do so. The range of this attribute lies between 0 to 10. 10 would provide light with maximum intensity, and you will get the brightest view of the chart. If you set the value to 0, light will be provided with least intensity. However, the chart will never appear in full darkness even you set intensity to 0. A faint light is always made available. By default, the value is set to 2.5. XML Example: If you set intensity="10", i.e., to the maximum, the chart rendered will look like: Setting the wall depth 3D chart has 3 walls namely, XY, YZ, and XZ. You can set the depth of the chart walls using the following set of attributes. Attribute Description YZWallDepth It determines the depth of the YZ wall of 3D chart. ZXWallDepth It determines the depth of the ZX wall of 3D chart. XYWallDepth It determines the depth of the XY wall of 3D chart. XML Example: If you specify the values given in the above XML example, the chart will look like: If all the attributes are set to 0, the chart will look like: You can see above that each wall is looking like a thin plane. Maintaining a gap between two different dataplots In a 3D combination chart, more than one DATAPLOT types exist due to different datasets. Therefore, to get a distinct view of all the plotted datasets you may want to specify a gap between them. The zGapPlot attribute will let you do so. XML Example: If you assign a value to zGapPlot, a gap between the plotted datasets will be created. For example, if you set zGapPlot="100", the chart will look like: On the other hand, if you assign 0 to zGapPlot, the chart will take the following shape, with no gap between the dataplots: 3D thickness of the DATAPLOT objects You can set the depth (3D thickness) of each DATAPLOT object using zDepth attribute. XML Example: Shown below is a chart with each dataplot's thickness value equals to 75. Setting the mode of the chart column In a Combination 3D chart, you can plot multiple number of datasets, which can be rendered as Column. These column sets can be arranged in the chart in 2 modes: clustered or manhattan. The clustered attribute lets you choose any one of them. By default, the value of clustered is 0, i.e. the chart appears in non-clustered mode. To change the mode to clustered mode, you need to set clustered='1'. XML Example: If clustered is set to 1, the chart columns will be in clustered mode. This image below shows a chart in clustered mode: On the other hand, if clustered is set to 0, the chart columns will appear in manhattan mode, as shown in the image below: Applying effect to divisional lines and trendlines You can apply emboss or bevel effect to both divisional lines and trendlines. The divLineEffect attribute lets you do this. You can specify one of the three values: "EMBOSS", "BEVEL" or "NONE". XML Example: or or Zero Plane settings The following attributes lets you configure the zero plane settings. Attribute Description zeroPlaneColor Color for the Zero Plane. Zero Plane is the line/plane that appears at 0 y-position on canvas, when negative data is being shown on the chart. zeroPlaneAlpha Alpha of zero plane. (Value Range 0-100) zeroPlaneMesh Whether to draw a mesh or not. If set to 1, a mesh on the zero plane of the chart will be drawn. By default, a gray mesh is shown as zero plane. If you set zeroPlaneMesh to 0, the chart will have a non-meshed plane as shown below: XML Example: You can set a color to zero plane using zeroPlaneColor attribute. For example, if you set zeroPlaneColor="330099", the chart looks: XML Example: You can change the alpha of zero plane using zeroPlaneAlpha attribute. XML Example: Border around the dataplots You can set border around the dataplots. This improves the data interpretation quality of the chart. The showPlotBorder attribute lets you decide whether to draw a border or not. By default, dataplot borders are drawn. XML Example: The difference between a chart with and without dataplot border is shown below. If showPlotBorder is set to 1, the chart will look similar to the one shown below: On the other hand, if showPlotBorder is set to 0, the chart will look similar to the one shown below: Rendering as a 2D chart You can render a combination 3D chart as a 2D chart initially. You need to use is2D attribute for this. XML Example: As shown below, if is2D is set to 1, a 2D chart will get rendered initially. Chart on top The chart area can overlap the extra chart elements (caption, sub-caption, and legend) at the time of scaling (zooming) or at 100% view. If you set chartOnTop attribute to 1 the chart area would be placed above these elements. On the other hand, if you set chartOnTop to 0, caption, sub-caption and legend would always appear on the top of the chart. XML Example: As shown below, the chart area overshadows the extra chart elements when you zoom in using the mouse scroller.


text:
- Is potting soil flammable?
- Can you burn soil?
- Are plants a fire hazard?
- Why is my plant soil so dry?
- Can peat moss spontaneously combust?
- Does fire destroy soil?
- Why does peat burn so well?
- What happens when soil is too dry?
- Can plants spontaneously combust?
- How does human combustion happen?
- How dry should I let my soil get?
- Why is my soil not absorbing water?
- Can you revive dry soil?
- Can you burn sand?
- What plants grow after a fire?
- How do you rehydrate dry soil?
- What is a peat fire?
- How do you revive soil?
Is potting soil flammable?
Potting soil is flammable.
Today's potting soil mixes contain organic materials — think peat moss or shredded wood — that easily catch fire.
That's why you should never extinguish a cigarette or other smoking materials in potting soil, the likes of which you see here..
Can you burn soil?
The minerals are predominantly oxides, so do not burn. The interesting part is that organic matter. Lignin and hemicellulose start to break down between 130 and 190 °C, but these reactions do not give out heat so there is no self-sustaining fire. … The minerals are predominantly oxides, so do not burn.
Are plants a fire hazard?
Highly flammable plants can ignite quickly, releasing lots of heat, even if they are healthy and well-watered. In areas experiencing drought, even moderately flammable plants can become more prone to ignite. Characteristics of highly flammable plants include: Dry and dead leaves or twigs.
Why is my plant soil so dry?
A common reason is that the potting mix has dried out and isn't absorbing the water. Most commercial potting mixes contain peat, which holds water well once it has been moistened, but — as everyone who works with sphagnum peat outdoors knows — is difficult to wet the first time.
Can peat moss spontaneously combust?
The one with moistened peat moss was always a couple of degrees cooler than the dry one. A temperature of 39 °C is a long way from the 260 °C needed to spontaneously combust. Peat Moss can not become hot enough on its own to spontaneously ignite.
Does fire destroy soil?
Wildfires have a significant impact on the properties of the soil. The heat of the fire burns away all of the vegetation and organic matter on the surface of the soil, which makes some nutrients more readily available to the soil while turning others into gases that are lost (chiefly nitrogen).
Why does peat burn so well?
Peat fires Peat has a high carbon content and can burn under low moisture conditions. Once ignited by the presence of a heat source (e.g., a wildfire penetrating the subsurface), it smoulders. … These fires may be responsible for the acceleration in the increase in carbon dioxide levels since 1998.
What happens when soil is too dry?
If the soil is too dry, plants, animals and microorganisms that need more water will not survive in it, and the soil may also become hard and compacted. If soil is too wet, however, it will not contain enough oxygen for some organisms to survive in it either.
Can plants spontaneously combust?
Wills said it's rare, but spontaneous combustion does happen. … "It happens in organic material in the process of decomposition," said Wills. That process lets off heat and with the help of the sun can get hot enough to catch fire.
How does human combustion happen?
The likely explanation for suspected cases of spontaneous human combustion, then, is that there is an external source of ignition—a match, a cigarette, an electrical spark—that sets off the wick effect, but the evidence of it is destroyed by the fire.
How dry should I let my soil get?
For most plants, only water when the soil is dry — not just surface dry, but 2-inches-deep dry. Use your fingers to easily determine soil moisture levels.
Why is my soil not absorbing water?
Hydrophobic Soil & How to Fix It. … Hydrophobic soil occurs when a waxy residue builds up on the soil particles resulting in it repelling water rather than absorbing it. It is most common in sandy soils, dried out potting mix and soils containing unrotted organic matter. You can identify hydrophobic soil by watering it.
Can you revive dry soil?
Rehydrate. Worn out potting soil used over and over again doesn't have many nutrients left for growing plants. Moisten both used and new dried out potting soil by adding water. … If that's the case, put the soil into a watertight container such as bucket or tub.
Can you burn sand?
Sand does not burn. … One has to enrich the sand with highly flammable components to have it burning continuously and hot enough to melt it to glass.
What plants grow after a fire?
Fire-activated Seed Perhaps the most amazing fire adaptation is that some species actually require fire for their seeds to sprout. Some plants, such as the lodgepole pine, Eucalyptus, and Banksia, have serotinous cones or fruits that are completely sealed with resin.
How do you rehydrate dry soil?
Instead of absorbing into the soil, water will run straight through the pot. If your plant is in this situation, use a fork to carefully break up the dry, hardened potting soil, then submerge the entire container in a bucket of lukewarm water. Leave the pot in the water until no air bubbles float to the top.
What is a peat fire?
Peat consists of partially decomposed vegetation and contains varying amounts of carbon, sulphur and nitrogen compounds. When a fire occurs these compounds produce gases that may be very odorous and irritating. Peat smoke also tends to be thicker than the smoke released by other vegetation fires.
How do you revive soil?
To improve sandy soil:Work in 3 to 4 inches of organic matter such as well-rotted manure or finished compost.Mulch around your plants with leaves, wood chips, bark, hay or straw. Mulch retains moisture and cools the soil.Add at least 2 inches of organic matter each year.Grow cover crops or green manures.


text:
In a Post-Truth culture, objective facts are less influential in shaping opinion. Instead, appeals to emotion and personal belief become the major governing factors. How does this impact youth ministry? How do we elevate Scripture as true and relevant? Join the YMI team as we explore Youth Ministry in a Post-Truth Culture.
Event: Youth Ministry Institute Youth Leadership Conference
Location: Johnson Ferry Baptist Church, 955 Johnson Ferry Rd, Marietta, GA 30068


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Popular Science Magazine online just featured an article today regarding current Pyrex and why the glass is not as heat resistant as it used to be, thus more prone to shattering with drastic change in temperature. Old Pyrex used to made from borosilicate glass but now it's made from soda lime glass. Soda lime glass is actually stronger than borosilicate glass though less resistant to heat. It's considered stronger because it's less resistant to shattering upon dropping. Interestingly, US Pyrex is the only one that made the switch to soda lime. England, for example, still uses borosilicate.
They Sure Don't Make Pyrex Like They Used to
Another interesting fact: Apparently, Pyrex used to be utilized in the illegal production of crack cocaine but, in 1998 when they sold Pyrex to World Kitchen and they changed the components of the glass, it became more difficult for dealers and makers to make crack! They had to go and buy Pyrex science glassware which is still made the old way.
Enjoy your weekends!


text:
In-situ investigation of discolouration processes between historic oil paint pigments
- Publication Type:
- Journal Article
- Microchimica Acta, 2006, 155 (1-2), pp. 319 - 322
- Issue Date:
Discolouring interactions between paint pigments have been observed since the mid 19th century. The source of some of these discolourations is the production of copper sulfides from an interaction between cadmium sulfide pigments and copper containing pigments. In this work, the discolouring interaction between cadmium yellow and malachite pigments was observed dynamically using the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM).
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:


text:
Prior to the publication of our recent report, ISP Interconnection and its Impact on Consumer Internet Performance, we shared review copies with members of the research community, broadening the set of eyes on our methods and challenging our assertions. We received valuable feedback that allowed us to improve what we published, along with a list of research questions that we will be exploring and documenting over the coming months in our Research Updates series of blog posts adding insights to Research Reports.
ISP Interconnection and its Impact on Consumer Internet Performance: Introducing A New M-Lab Consortium Technical Report
We are happy to announce the release of a long-term collaborative research effort using M-Lab's data to understand how interconnection impacts end-user performance. The report, ISP Interconnection and its Impact on Consumer Internet Performance examines years of network measurement data from across the United States to determine the effects of network interconnection on the Internet performance of customers subscribing to specific access ISPs. Alongside this report, we are also pleased to release the Internet Observatory – a dynamic data visualization tool that will allow consumers, policymakers, and researchers to better understand the impact of ISP relationships on their own Internet access and performance. The Internet Observatory will be updated regularly, allowing future monitoring and comparison against past performance.


text:
What is GSS?
Describe it's advantages and disadvantages.
There is some controversy about what a Group Support System is. Perhaps the best and simplest definition is "a computer-based system to support a meeting". Other terms such as GDSS (Group Decision Support System), groupware and CSCW (Computer Supported Cooperative Work) may be used synonymously, although some researchers argue that there is a distinct difference among them. DeSanctis and Gallupe have stated that a GDSS is "an interactive computer-based system to facilitate the solution of semistructured and unstructured tasks by a group that have joint responsibility for performing it. Dennnis, et al. sometimes use the term EMS (Electronic Meeting System) for essentially the same system. However, they state that an EMS goes beyond decision making implied by the DeSanctis definition of GDSS. Because of this controversy over the term "GSS", it is probably better to use more specific terms such as "Electronic Poolwriting in a Virtual Legislative Session."
Cost of system
Typing is slower than speaking
Good only for m:m sharing info
Group Size > 7
Loss of media richness
Lack of "immediacy" (hard to force answers)
Disinhibition may cause "Flaming"


Numerical analysis of vortex motion in two-dimensional array of Josephson junctions
K. Nakajima, Y. Sawada
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
51 Citations (Scopus)
Abstract
We show that the equation which describes two- and three-dimensional arrays of small-area Josephson junctions is reduced to the following form, -∇×(∇×φ)-∂2φ/∂t 2-Γ∂φ/∂t = sin φ, where φ is the two- or three-dimensional phase-difference vector, and sin φ is the vector whose components are sine functions of the components of φ, respectively. Based on the above equation we analyze numerically a two-dimensional square network of Josephson junctions, and discuss the vortex motion on the network.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)5732-5743
Number of pages12
JournalJournal of Applied Physics
Volume52
Issue number9
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1981
ASJC Scopus subject areas
 - Physics and Astronomy(all)
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text:
Did you know that kale can worsen medical conditions like Hyperkalemia? Drinking kale juice is the easiest and most effective way to reap its benefits, and yet it also aggravates the side effects of juicing kale.
This green leafy veggie is a common ingredient for green juices nowadays. But as with anything else, too much of something is also harmful.
In this article, I will share with you very important facts that you should be aware of before you add kale as part of your green juice consistently. You will learn if its benefits outweigh the possibilities of side effects.
Most importantly, by the time you're done reading this, you'll have a clear idea of how to avoid these side effects altogether.
Side Effects of Juicing Kale
When you eat kale, you don't consume as much. Since it's particularly tough to eat on its own, besides the fact that it doesn't really taste good, it is better to juice it. That is why juicing kale is where most of the side effects can happen.
The side effects are actually tied up to the kale's nutritional benefits. I believe this is the best way to classify these, allowing us to be more aware of the risks.
Too Much Potassium
Kale is very rich in potassium. However, if you already have already been diagnosed with high potassium levels, or have a condition known as hyperkalemia, then the positive effects become harmful instead.
How do you know if you too much of this nutrient? Well, there's no clear way of determining it on your own. However, symptoms of high potassium levels include a feeling of tiredness or weakness, chest pains, and irregular heartbeats.
Having healthy amounts of iron is very good for our overall health. It is very important in the production of hemoglobin in our red blood cells. This substance helps distribute oxygen throughout the body. However, there are rare cases when people have too much iron in their system.
If you have excess iron, drinking kale juice will spike it up even more. This can cause organ poisoning, which leads to conditions like cancer. The best way to know if have this is to consult your doctor following these symptoms: irregular heart rhythm, arthritis, or darkening of the skin.
Large Amounts of Vitamin K
Kale is abundant in vitamin K, in fact, we might as well call it "vitamin Kale". However, if you have issues with blood clotting, drinking kale juice may worsen the condition. This is especially true if you're taking blood thinning medications or aspirins for your heart.
It may be a cliche, but you will need to consult your doctor first if you want to include kale in your diet. More so if you're planning to add it to your juice.
Too Little Calories
It is true that kale contains very little calories. As a matter of fact, one cup of kale only has 36 calories. It might be an ideal item to have for your juice, but if you're adding other low-calorie ingredients too, then you might end up having too little calories.
Everything should be in moderation. Consuming very small amounts of calories can cause problems with blood sugar levels and vitamin deficiencies. The best way to tell this is if you feel dizzy after drinking your juice.
Barring all the possible medical conditions above, the most common side effect that you're going to experience with juicing too much kale is stomach discomfort. You may most likely experience some gas and bloating, stomach cramps, or even diarrhea.
If you've recently added kale to your juicing ingredients, you need to go easy on the amounts. Kale is high in raffinose, which is a type of sugar that cannot be digested by your small intestines.
Kale Juicing Benefits
Despite its possible side effects, kale continues to be a popular and effective juice ingredient. Once you have consulted with your doctor and ruled out all the medical conditions mentioned above, you should be adding kale to your juice.
Aside from having large amounts of vitamin K, iron, and potassium, and being low on calorie, Kale also gives the following benefits.
- Improves the immune system by detoxifying the body
- Fights inflammation, such as arthritis
- Lowers blood pressure and strengthens the heart muscles
- A boost in antioxidants, which helps protect the body from diseases
The key to reaping the benefits of kale, and in every other juicing ingredients for that matter, is to add them in moderation. Our body can only take too much and that includes all types of chemicals, whether nutritional or not.
How Much Kale Juice Should I Drink A Day?
The good thing about eating veggies is that there is far less possibility of over consuming it. On the other hand, if you juice your veggies, you are able to ingest more nutrients.
Unfortunately, you might end up consuming too much than your body can take. This is especially true if you already have too much of these nutrients in your system.
A cup of kale juice per day should be more than enough. One cup usually means about 1 1/2 bunches of dinosaur kale. The actual amount of kale needed will vary depending on the juicer you're using.
If you want to regularly juice kale or create green juices, investing in a good masticating juicer will save you a lot on the cost of ingredients in the long run. Tribest Slowstar SW-2000-B is a great vertical juicer that can effectively juice greens with its double auger feature.
Wrapping It Up
Kale is a very popular green veggie to people who are following a healthy diet. It's packed with amazing nutrients and best consumed as a juice. The side effects of juicing kale are nothing to worry about if you do not have the conditions mentioned earlier and if you consume it in moderate amounts.


Page Parameters
A page parameter is an arbitrary variable used to pass information into a Skuid page. There are different ways to pass in page parameters depending on the context and use case.
Types of page parameters
Including parameters in a URL is a common way to pass and retrieve information between pages in web development. Similarly, parameters can be passed between Skuid pages using:
 1. Query string parameters
 2. URL merge parameters
Query string parameters
The most commonly used way to pass parameters is by including them in a query string, which is a collection of identifiers and key-value pairs preceded by a question mark. For example:
In this example, the query string passed to the server, everything that comes after the?, is a parameter, felines, requesting all records of felines with the value "lion."
Page parameters act the same way in Skuid: they allow additional information to be passed into a Skuid page.
On Skuid on Salesforce, page parameters are added to query strings by model conditions, actions, and render/enable conditions through the Page/URL Parameter option, and, in some components, in the query string property.
When using page parameters in query string parameters, there are two important rules to keep in mind:
 1. The parameters must always come after a question mark (?), which indicates the beginning of a string of one or more URL parameters.
 2. Every subsequent URL parameter must be prepended with an ampersand (&).
As long as query string parameters are used in this format, they are accessible within a Skuid page.
Passing parameters into query strings is different in Lightning Experience. For more information, see Using Page Parameters In Salesforce Lightning.
URL Merge Parameters
Used on Skuid Platform, page parameters are included within URLs through URL merge parameters. For example,{myParameter}.
On Skuid Platform, you can use URL merge parameters in model conditions, actions, render/enable conditions through the Page/URL Parameter option. They can also be used while constructing an app, and the pages within the app, by inserting URL merge parameters in the app and/or the page URLs. They can also be used for creating REST model conditions.
Using Page Parameters
Builders can access page parameters with model conditions, actions, render/enable conditions, and through the Page/URL Parameter option on some Skuid features.
Values are accessible through the {{$Param}} global merge variable.
For example, {{$Param.myRouteParameter}}.
They may also be passed to Page Includes by setting the component's Query String property to point to this global merge variable.
Using the Go to URL action with URL merge parameters
When creating a link with URL merge parameters in Skuid Platform, the process is similar to that outlined in Build an app navigation bar using the Go to URL action.
The key difference is that you point the URL to a URL merge parameter. This merge parameter could be a context-dependent merge variable or a global merge variable.
For example, the marketing/orders path has a table listing each order, displaying some general information about each order. That table could have a row action that redirects to the following URL:
This redirect URL sends end users to a new route (/marketing/orderdetails), just like the redirect URLs from the Build an app navigation bar using the Go to URL action topic mentioned above. The key difference is the added URL merge parameter, {Id}, which references the model's Id field. This means the context will be determined by the row the end user clicks, passing in that row's Id value when clicked.
So, if the user clicks an order that has an Id of AuXun109274009, Skuid sends the user to the detail page with the row item's Id in the URL parameter: /marketing/orderdetails/AuXun109274009
The final step is setting a condition on the detail page that looks for the URL merge parameter:
 1. Click the Models tab in the App Elements pane.
 2. Click the Orders model.
 3. Add a new condition for the Id field.
 4. Set the Value as follows:
 - Content: Page/URL parameter value
 - Value: Id
 5. Set its condition state to Always On.
With this condition set, this model always looks for the URL parameter named Id for the matching record Id.
Page parameter examples:
 1. In this example, no parameters are provided.
 2.{accountId}: In this example, when a user visits this URL, Skuid pulls the "accountId" from the requested record and passes it to the URL. If the record's accountId was AuXun109274009, the URL the user would see is
 3.{accountId?}: The addition of the? makes the parameter accountId optional, so if there wasn't a value for accountId, the user would be directed to /accounts instead of receive a Page Not Found error.
Unless a parameter is marked optional with?, end users will see a Page Not Found error if they navigate to that page without the parameter in the URL.
Using Page Parameters In Salesforce Lightning
When working in Lightning experience, builders will often use record Ids to create corresponding record detail pages. The Skuid Page Lightning component can determine the record Id based on the way Lightning structures URLs.
However, if you want to pass in other parameters besides an Id, they must be namespaced and added via query string parameters.
For example, adding the default namespace prefix to the parameter accountId creates c__accountId. Non-namespaced parameters are removed from the URL on page load.
It's important to remember that, when namespacing URL parameters in Lightning, any reference made to them in a condition, action, etc, on a Skuid page is also namespaced.
If moving pages from Salesforce Classic to Lightning, you'll need to update the page parameters and any conditions, actions, etc with the namespace prefix in order to maintain functionality.


not at steady state since the water on the wick is
 evaporating. However, the wet bulb temperature is established pretty
 quickly and is maintained until all the water is evaporated. So we can
 analyze the flows at steady state.
- MASS BALANCES:
 – air: IN = OUT
 – water: DEPLETION = OUT
 Wet bulb
 - ENERGY BALANCE: Hin + Q = Hout
 - Datum: BDA @ Tair, H2O (liquid) @ Twb
 Hair + Q = Hair + H evaporated water
  
Rate of water evaporation : k g wTwb  wT mass/time
  
H evaporated water  mh  k g wTwb  wT hv energy/time
Q, Rate of heat transfer : hc (T  Twb ) energy/time
 kg : mass transfer coefficient, hc : heat transfer coefficient
 Wet bulb energy balance
Q  H evaporated water
hc (T  Twb )  k g ( wTwb  wT )hv
wTwb  wT hc 1
 
 Twb  T k g hv
For the conditions of the wet bulb system:
hc
  0.25 Btu / lb.F ; 1.04 kJ / kg.K
kg
- SYSTEM: Adiabatic saturation tower
- MASS BALANCES:
- BDA: 1 kg BDA in = 1 kg BDA out (BASIS)
- Water: w kg in with air + m kg make-up = ws kg out with air
 Adiabatic saturation
- ENERGY BALANCE: Hin = Hout
- Datum: BDA @ Ts, H2O (liquid) @ Ts
 H IN
 BDA : C pBDA (T  Ts )
 water vapour : [hv  C pvapour (T  Ts )]w
 make  up water : mC p liquid (Ts  Ts )
 H OUT
 BDA : C pBDA (Ts  Ts )
 water vapour : [hv  C pvapour (Ts  Ts )]ws
 Adiabatic saturation energy balance
C pBDA (T  Ts )  [hv  C pvapour (T  Ts )]w  hv ws
(C pBDA  C pvapour w)(T  Ts )  hv ( ws  w)
(CS )(T  Ts )  hv ( ws  w)
wTs  wT Cs
 
 Ts  T hv
- Energy balance on wet bulb • Energy balance for adiabatic
 saturation
 wTwb  wT hc 1 wTs  wT Cs
  
 Twb  T k g hv Ts  T hv
 hc
  1.04 kJ / kg.K (water air systemin wet bulb scenario)
 kg
 Cs  C pBDA  C pvapour w  1.0  1.88w kJ / kgBDA.K
 w  0.01  0.1
 Cs  1.02  1.19 ; very close to the1.04 kJ / kg.K value
 Thus there is little error in taking the wet bulb lines
 to also represent adiabatic saturation lines
 on the w vs T coordinates of the water- air system,
 the PSYCHROMET RIC CHART.
 Energy balance
 for systems with chemical reaction
- So far we have considered the change of enthalpy only with
 temperature and phase (solid, liguid, vapour)
- Thus, in choosing a DATUM we have only specified a
 temperature and a state, e.g. H2O (liquid) at 0 C, BDA at 0 C
 etc.
- What about the following system?
 1 mol CH4 1 mol CO2
 2 mol O2 2 mol H2O
 At 25 C, 1 atm At 25 C, 1 atm
 CH 4  2O2  CO2  2 H 2O
 1 mol CH4 1 mol CO2
 2 mol O2 2 mol H2O (g)
 Q
 At 25 C, 1 atm At 25 C, 1 atm
- If we set DATUM: 25 C for all gases
 Then, Hin = Hout = 0, and Q = Hout – Hin = 0
- However, when we carry out this process, we observe that
 Q = - 802.32 kJ, i.e. the system gives off energy to the
 surroundings
- It looks like there is "generation" of energy in the system.
 So we revise our energy balance to read:
 Hin + Q + heat generated = Hout
- We know that energy is neither created nor destroyed but can
 change from one form to another
- So what we are observing in a chemical reaction is the
 transformation of energy from one form to another
- We are transforming the bond energies in the molecules to
 thermal energy
- We cannot measure bond energies by measuring the
 temperature or phase of a substance, so it appears as if energy
 is being "created"
- Other reactions may appear to "consume" energy.
 CH 4  2O2  CO2  2 H 2O H rxn  802 .32 kJ
 0
 - The negative sign indicates an exothermic reaction,
 i.e. the reaction creates energy
 - The opposite is an endothermic reaction, consuming energy
 - We calculate H0rxn by:
 H = ( mi  h )products - ( mi  h )reactants
 0
 rxn
 0
 fi
 0
 fi
 - Where the h0f are the standard heats of formation for each
 compound, tabulated in chemistry texts.
 - The superscript 0 refers to the standard state (25 C, 1 atm)
 - The bar over the H indicates that the value has been calculated
 for the indicated quantity of reactans/products, i.e. 1 mol of
 methane
 Energy balance with chemical reaction –
 "The Heat of reaction" approach
We revise the energy balance to include a term to account for the heat
 effects of chemical reactions:
 Hin + Q + heat generated = Hout
Using the convention for exothermic and endothermic reactions, we we
 can write this as:
 H IN  Q  H rxn  H OUT
When Hrxn is negative we end up with a positive value for "heat
 generated", and vice versa
The Hrxn term must account for the actual amount of reaction that took
 place.
It must account for reactants going to products at the specified DATUM
The DATUM does not have to be at 25 C but it is almost always more
 convenient to choose a DATUM of 25 C
- The standard heats of formation are themselves the heats of
 reactions that form the compounds from the constituent
 elements in their stable forms at 25 C and 1 atm.
- e.g.
 C  O2  CO2 h  393.51 kJ
 0
 f
 1
 H 2  O2  H 2O ( g ) h 0  241.83 kJ
 f
 2
 1
 H 2  O2  H 2O (l ) h f  285.84 kJ
 0
 2
 C  2 H 2  CH 4 h 0  74.84 kJ
 f
- The heat of formation of elemental species are 0! (by definition)
 Energy balance with chemical reaction –
 "The heat of formation" approach
We retain the energy balance developed for non-reacting systems:
 Hin + Q = Hout
However, we recognize that the enthalpy of any material entering
 or leaving the system must account for differences in enthalpy
 due to the chemical bond structure of the material. We therefore
 add a term to the specific enthalpy of substances:
  energy due to 
  energy in   
  chemical bonds    temperature or phase, 
 h 
    i.e. " sensible" enthalpy
  
 T
 h  h  
 0
 f C p dT
 25 C
 "The heat of formation" approach
 DATUM: Elements in their natural states at 25 C and 1 atm
hO2 , 25C  0
hN 2 , 25C  0
hH 2 , 25C  0
hCO2 , 25C  h 0
 f CO 2  393.51 kJ / mole
hH 2O ( g ), 25C  h 0
 f H 2O ( g )  241.83 kJ / mole
hH 2O (l ), 25C  h 0
 f H 2O ( l )  285.84 kJ / mole

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Dependence on incident optical power of the photosensitivity of a Si microplasma device having a aperture. All data were acquired at and with the quiescent voltage and current of the device maintained at and , respectively. Uncertainties in both photosensitivity and incident power are indicated for most of the measurements. The inset is a generalized diagram (not to scale) of the photodetector device structure.
Comparison of the contributions to the overall photosensitivity from the semiconductor-plasma device (●) and photoconductivity in bulk Si (엯). The same data are illustrated by the inset but the abscissa now represents intensity, expressed as . The measurement wavelength and Ne pressure are again 780 nm and 500 Torr, respectively, and the photodetector is a device.
Spectral response of (엯) and (●) Si microplasma devices in the region for Ne pressures of 500 Torr and 800 Torr, respectively. All measurements were recorded for an intensity, incident on the detector surface, of and the error bars represent one standard deviation associated with measurements on four devices of each size. The uncertainties in wavelength represent the spectral width (FWHM) of each interference filter.
Qualitative energy band diagrams for: (a) The -type Si interface (adapted from Ref. 6), and (b) the -Si interface.
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Definitions for ROCKETˈrɒk ɪt
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
any of various tubelike devices containing combustibles that on being ignited propel the tube through the air: used for pyrotechnic effect, signaling, hurling explosives, launching a space vehicle, etc.
a space capsule or vehicle put into orbit by such devices.
Ref: rocket engine.
(v.t.)to move or transport by means of a rocket.
(v.i.)to move like a rocket.
(of game birds) to fly straight up rapidly when flushed.
Origin of rocket:
1605–15; (< F roquette ) < It rocchetta, dim. of rocca distaff (with reference to its shape) < Go *rukka, c. ON rokkr, MD rocke, OHG rocco (G Rocken )
any of various plants belonging to the genus Hesperis, of the mustard family, and related genera.
Ref: Compare dame's rocket.
Ref: Also called roquette.; arugula.
Origin of rocket:
1520–30; < F roquette < It ruchetta, dim. of ruca < L ērūcaarugula
any vehicle self-propelled by a rocket engine
rocket, rocket engine(noun)
a jet engine containing its own propellant and driven by reaction propulsion
rocket, roquette, garden rocket, rocket salad, arugula, Eruca sativa, Eruca vesicaria sativa(noun)
erect European annual often grown as a salad crop to be harvested when young and tender
propels bright light high in the sky, or used to propel a lifesaving line or harpoon
sends a firework display high into the sky
shoot up abruptly, like a rocket
propel with a rocket
Kernerman English Learner's Dictionary
a powerful jet engine that drives a vehicle
the rockets on the space shuttle
a space vehicle or weapon that is driven by a rocket
to launch a rocket
a firework in the shape of a cylinder
He lit one of the rockets.
a cruciferous plant (Eruca sativa) sometimes eaten in Europe as a salad
rocket larkspur. See below
an artificial firework consisting of a cylindrical case of paper or metal filled with a composition of combustible ingredients, as niter, charcoal, and sulphur, and fastened to a guiding stick. The rocket is projected through the air by the force arising from the expansion of the gases liberated by combustion of the composition. Rockets are used as projectiles for various purposes, for signals, and also for pyrotechnic display
a blunt lance head used in the joust
to rise straight up; said of birds; usually in the present participle or as an adjective
Translations for ROCKET
Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary
a tube containing materials which, when set on fire, give off a jet of gas which drives the tube forward, usually up into the air, used eg as a firework, for signalling, or for launching a spacecraft.
- صاروخ الألعاب النّاريَّهArabic
- foguetePortuguese (BR)
- die RaketeGerman
- ρουκέτα, πύραυλοςGreek
- موشک؛ ترقه فشفشکFarsi
- fusée, roquetteFrench
- eldflaug; flugskeyti; flugeldurIcelandic
- raca, rakietaPolish
- موشک؛ ترقه فشفشکPersian
- จรวด; พลุThai
- roket, füzeTurkish
- 火箭，沖天炮Chinese (Trad.)
- خلاءی گاڑیUrdu
- pháo hoa; pháo sángVietnamese
- 火箭Chinese (Simp.)
Get even more translations for ROCKET »


Importance of allocation mechanisms that don't rely on price adjustment: Rebuilding the concept of markets | Discuss Japan－Japan Foreign Policy Forum
Discuss Japan > Back Number > No.62 > Importance of allocation mechanisms that don't rely on price adjustment: Rebuilding the concept of markets
No.62, Economy Jan. 31, 2021
Kojima Fuhito, Professor and Director at the University of Tokyo Market Design Center
Key points
 - Focusing on the visible hand that replaces traditional price mechanisms
 - Expanding the use of market design for kidney transplants
 - Improving institutional design to eliminate the childcare waiting lists issue
Prof. Kojima Fuhito
One of the most prominent ideas in economics is Adam Smith's concept of the "invisible hand." The invisible hand is the magical mechanism for price adjustment that is capable of maximizing the wealth of society if self-interested consumers and companies respond to the prices of goods and services. With advances of research in economics, this idea has been elaborated upon. However, neoliberals have also used this phrase to promote deregulation.
And yet, no one has ever actually seen the invisible hand. In fact, examples of the price mechanism not working can be found everywhere in society.
Although it may be a slightly extreme example, let us look at the transplant kidney market. This marketplace has a demand side (patients) and a supply side (donors) involving kidneys as the goods being traded.
However, the invisible hand doesn't function to adjust prices in the transplant kidney market. The reason is simple: it is illegal to sell organs. With the exception of illegal black-market transactions or the like, the invisible hand cannot adjust the price of goods that cannot be priced. As the price of a kidney is zero, the number of donors is far smaller than the number of patients, and there is no balance between supply and demand. Consequently, it has become common for nephritic patients to wait years for a donated kidney.
One additional example is still fresh in our minds: the ban on the resale of face masks at high prices during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. There is an ethical imperative not to rely upon price adjustment for the distribution of artificial respirators, vaccines and other medical resources. Outside the medical sector, approved childcare centers can be considered a major battlefield for the childcare waiting lists issue. They also form a marketplace in which the invisible hand does not succeed in adjusting prices because childcare fees are determined from a political perspective.
Some people who trust price mechanisms believe that regulations in these markets should be removed. Although this author does not necessarily dispute every aspect of this school of thought, it seems unlikely that sudden changes in moral values and laws in the near future would result in a world in which organs become widely traded.
Given this reality, modern economists have considered the creation of a marketplace using a "visible hand" mechanism. This area of study is called market design. Marketplaces can be found any place where goods and services are exchanged, including transplant organs and childcare centers, and the exchange of money and the establishment of prices are not the essence of a market.
To explain, let us look again at the transplant kidney example. Humans have two kidneys, and it is believed that having only one kidney does not affect human health. Accordingly, it is possible to transplant kidneys from living donors, and, in principle, the potential supply of kidneys is nearly inexhaustible. In Japan where people have a strong aversion to transplants from people who have suffered brain death, this fact is particularly important.
However, as the price of a kidney is zero, the number of donors is far smaller than the number of patients, and potential donors are normally limited to patients' spouses, family members, etc.
Moreover, the existence of a living donor candidate does not ensure that a transplant can occur. This is because the blood type and other elements must match between the patient and donor. For example, it may be possible to transplant a kidney from a donor with a blood type of O to a patient with a blood type of A, but it not possible to transplant a kidney from a donor with a blood type of A to a patient with a blood type of O, unless the patient is immunosuppressed or there is some other special treatment. Because of this, the demand side (patients) and the supply side (donors) of the goods (kidneys) need to be brought together by a method other than a price mechanism.
The design of systems for matching kidney donors with patients is an example of a successful social implementation for market design researchers. The fundamental idea is that when the blood groups of a donor and patient are incompatible, incompatible pairs can be matched. For example, one pair including a patient with a blood type of O and a donor with a blood type of A can be matched with another pair consisting of a patient with a blood type of A and a donor with a blood type of O. If the donor and patient are incompatible because of a reason other than blood type (for example, Human Leukocyte Antigen [HLA] antibodies), it may be possible to swap the donors between the two pairs to make both kidneys compatible with the patients in need (see figure). This is similar to goods (kidneys) being exchanged on a marketplace.
Kidney exchanges such as this are not considered organ trade according to the laws of many countries. It is believed that this system does not pose an ethical problem because there is no exchange of money. An alternative barter marketplace has been established, so to speak, among kidney donors without setting prices. However, it is not possible for the invisible hand to work without the establishment of prices. Following this principle, researchers have designed algorithms to act as a visible hand for kidney exchange.
First, a database of donor/patient pairs is created. Next, algorithms are used to identify methods for maximizing the number of donor exchanges to enable as many patients as possible to receive a kidney. Then, the transplants occur following the identified solution. This framework has been used in many countries around the world since the beginning of the 21st century, with doctors, economists, computer scientists and others participating. Because of The Japan Society for Transplantation's negative view of this system, it has not been implemented in Japan. However, this author believes that the system deserves to be reviewed in Japan, in light of its implementation progressing steadily in societies around the world.
In some situations, swapping the donors of two incompatible
pairs will make it possible for both kidneys to be compatible.
The visible hand of Market Design can also be applied to the childcare waiting list issue. Many childcare centers in Japan are approved childcare centers and the fees they are able to charge are set low by local governments. Accordingly, there is supply/demand imbalance, which would not occur in a normal marketplace, causing some children to wait for admission.
The invisible hand is not free to work when childcare fees are determined from a political perspective, and local governments determine children's admission to childcare centers using an algorithm. Specifically, applicants submit a ranked list of their preferred childcare centers to the relevant local authority. The local authority considers various factors, such as the applicant being a single parent, or the availability of the child's grandparents to aid in childcare, and prioritizes and determines which children can be admitted to which childcare centers, taking the applicants preferences into account. This is an example of how the visible hand of local governments works.
However, there are pros and cons to this human-designed visible hand. There is room for improvement in the current system. Firstly, almost every local government performs the process for determining admission to childcare centers manually. As the process is basically a pre-established algorithm, it can be performed by computers.
Second, the work of determining admissions is based on preset enrollment limits for each age group at each childcare center. Even popular childcare centers in areas with fierce competition may have many applicants in the 0-2 age group, but less applicants in the 3-5 age group. This creates the possibility that the staff and space assigned to the 3-5 age group may not be utilized effectively.
A collaborative study conducted by Kamada Yuichiro, an associate professor at the University of California, Berkeley and this author proposes a measure to eliminate this inefficiency. Rather than rigidly determine the limits for each age group in advance, these limits can be flexibly defined based on the submitted preferences. According to data from Yamagata City in Yamagata Prefecture and Bunkyo Ward in Tokyo, our proposal contributed to a significant decrease in the number of children waiting for admission.
Modern economics, and market design in particular, have begun to improve society using a visible hand beyond the bounds of the traditional economics. The University of Tokyo recently established a Market Design Center. It plans to make policy recommendations regarding the issues of securing medical care in remote areas, distributing medical resources in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and auction system design, among others. Market design will play an important role in the modern world, which places greater significance on marketplaces that depart from the forms of traditional marketplaces relying on the invisible hand.
Translated by The Japan Journal, Ltd. The article first appeared in the "Keizai kyoshitsu" column of the Nikkei newspaper on October 29, 2020 under the title, "Kakaku chosei ni tayoranu hasso ni omomi: Shijo-zo no saikochiku (Rebuilding the image of markets)." The Nikkei, October 29, 2020. (Courtesy of the author).
 - Kojima Fuhito
 - University of Tokyo
 - Market Design Center
 - Adam Smith
 - invisible hand
 - price adjustment
 - kidney


varjmcm
The goal of varjmcm is to equip 'jmcm' package with estimations of the covariance of estimated parameters. Two methods are provided. The first method is bootstrap based. The second method is to use the inverse of estimated Fisher's information matrix as the estimated covariance.
The bootstrap method may need large number of replications and thus may be very time consuming, especially for the HPC model. The explicit formula in the second method is asymptotically correct, and thus is valid only when the sample size is large. When the sample size is large, the second method is a better choice. Results from these two methods are close to each other if both the number of replications and the sample size are large, otherwise, they may be very different.
The current version of the 'jmcm' package is 0.1.8.0. The 'varjmcm' package is based on this version of 'jmcm'. For further versions of 'jmcm', updates in 'varjmcm' may be needed.
Example
This is a basic example.
## cattleA <- cattle[cattle$group=='A', ]
## fit.mcd <- jmcm(weight|id|I(ceiling(day/14+1))~1|1,
 data = cattleA,
 cov.method = "mcd",
 triple = c(8,4,3))
## covjmcm(fit.mcd)
## bootcovjmcm(fit.mcd,
 mydata = cattleA,
 numboot = 100)


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Does it snow in Nigeria? Many people want to know if there's snow in Nigeria or any part of the popular west African country. If you are one of them, you need to know that Nigeria doesn't have the same weather as those with snow.
Does it snow in Nigeria?
Unfortunately, no. It does not snow in Nigeria.
Nigeria is currently the most populated country in Africa, with over 200 million people. Currently, Nigeria is the eighth most populated country in the world.
Nigeria extends between latitudes 4∘N and 7∘N and longitudes 2∘E and 3∘E and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the West, Chad and Cameroon in the East, and Niger in the North.
Nigerian weather is completely different from the United States, Canada, Russia, Romania, Belgium, Germany, France, and other popular countries where there is snow.
Nigeria is a tropical country with two rainy seasons in Nigeria which are from March to June and September to November. Likewise, the climate is hot and humid, with average high temperatures ranging from 80 F to 97F (27°C to 36°C).
History Of Snow In Nigeria
Before you start to ask, does it snow in Nigeria? First, it is important to consider the country's weather and compare it to other countries with snow.
At the end of your research, there must be similar weather conditions between both. If not, you should know that it can never snow in Nigeria.
Nigeria is not among the cold-weather countries with snow because it is very high, above 1000 meters above sea level, which is the minimum to produce snow.
Nigeria is about 1500–2500 meters above sea level, but Jos Plateau and Taraba are very close to meeting the requirements for snow.
Jos State in Nigeria's average temperature is about 4/5 degrees Celsius, a very close snow requirement, which is the minimum of 2 degrees Celsius to fall in the location.
There may be snow in Jos if the weather is abnormally cold.
At the moment of writing this article, there are 54 countries in Africa, according to the United Nations. However, just two regions in the continent produce snowfall on a somewhat regular basis.
South Africa and Lesotho. South Africa is a popular African country located in the southernmost continent of Africa and is home to many ecosystems.
There is no snow in Nigeria, Madagascar, Togo, Côte d'Ivoire, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Zimbabwe, Ethiopia, Algeria, and other African countries.
Frequently Asked Questions About Snows in Nigeria
Why does Nigeria have no snow?
Nigeria is one of the countries close to the Equator, so it has a tropical climate with hot temperatures throughout the year (except during the dry season's early mornings when it can be chilly, especially in the Northern part of the country).
So any precipitation will fall like rain and sometimes hail, even in low-altitude parts of Nigeria, especially the northern part.
Which country in Africa has snow?
Over 54 countries in Africa, just a little mountain kingdom of Lesotho, and an enclave in South Africa are the countries on earth where nowhere is less than a thousand meters above sea level, meaning there is snow.
What is the coldest month in Nigeria?
Based on weather reports from 2005 to 2015 in Nigeria, August is the coldest month in the country.
What is the coldest State in Nigeria?
After several reports and research Gembu in Taraba State, Mambilla Plateau is also one of the coldest states in Nigeria because it stands at the height of about 1524 meters above sea level.
It is considered the coldest location in Nigeria and has become a tourist location in Nigeria over the past few decades.
What is the hottest it gets in Nigeria?
Everyone knows that Nigeria does not have cold temperatures but hot temperatures.
The report shows that the hottest temperature was measured between 1952 and November 2022. It was reported at the Yola weather station. In April 2010, the record temperature was 46.4 °C. This was the hottest weather report in Nigeria over the years and till this moment.
Does Kenya have snow?
Over the years and till now, Kenya does not experience snow, even though snow is present on Mount Kenya, the highest mountain in the country.
The only place where there is snow is Mount Kenya. It is the only place you can find snow in Kenya above 4500 feet. Mount Kenya peaks are covered in permanent snow.
Does Lagos, Nigeria, have snow?
No, there is no snow in Lagos, Nigeria. You need to know that snow it's not common in African countries, including Nigeria, because of the hot weather.
Nigeria is one of the few countries close to the Equator.
The average climate in Lagos, Nigeria, is hot and humid, with high temperatures ranging from 80 F to 97F (27°C to 36°C).
How cold does it get in Kenya?
In Kenya, the cold or rainy season lasts for 2.6 months between June 5 to August 25, and an average daily high temperature is below 73°F. The coldest month of the year in Nairobi, Kenya, is in July, with a low of 55°F and a high of 71°F.
Which is the coldest place in Kenya?
Kenya is one of the hot African countries. This African country is warm to hot throughout the year and invites us to bathe at average water temperatures of 27 degrees.
The warmest and rainiest region is North-Eastern, awhile the coldest is Nyanza.
Does it snow in Ghana?
Even though Ghana is not Nigeria's neighboring country, there is no snow in the popular west African country.
It does not make snow in Ghana because of the location or position of the country because it is within the tropics. In addition, temperatures are never optimal for snow formation in Ghana.
Ghana's weather is determined by two air masses: a continental air mass and a tropical air mass.


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The relationship between the antioxidant activities and inhibitory effect of 14 Chinese medicinal herbs against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) formation was evaluated. Prolongation of the lag phase of LDL oxidation depended on the concentration of the herbs. The concentration of each herb that was able to prolong the lag time by about two-fold was calculated and expressed as doubling-time concentration. The lower the doubling-time concentration, the stronger the inhibitory effect exhibited toward LDL oxidation. Among them, Chrysanthemi Flos (Chrysanthemum morifolium ramat; gān jú huā), Crataegi Fructus (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major N.E.Br.; shān zhā), and Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.; luò shén) showed significant inhibitory effects. Correlation coefficients between doubling-time concentration and radical-scavenging activities were high; the total phenolic content was also high. In conclusion, phenolic compounds contributed not only to antioxidant activities, but also to the inhibitory effect against LDL oxidation. Chrysanthemi Flos, Crataegi Fructus, and H. sabdariffa, with lower doubling-time concentrations, could be potent phytochemical agents to reduce LDL oxidation and prevent the progression of atherosclerosis.
Keywords: Chinese medicinal herbs; antioxidant; low-density lipoprotein; radical-scavenging activity; total phenolics.