text:
North Carolina Financial Publications
Created by Kurt Brenneman
Years covered by this guide: 1876-present
As explained at NC OpenBook, state government creates a budget, collects revenue from many sources, and spends money on projects and services. The publications below open the book on the management of these monies and, by doing so, "help create a better, more efficient state government that works for the people of North Carolina," according to NC OpenBook.
Five North Carolina state agencies perform the budget and financial management functions of state government:
Source: Program Evaluation Division, North Carolina General Assembly.
These agencies produce the publications that, together, ensure the transparency of the state's finances. Remember that the state's fiscal year starts July 1 and ends the following June 30, so that all financial reporting is for that period. A separate guide to North Carolina state budget publications is here. This study guide is designed to describe publications in our collections related to North Carolina's finances, and, where appropriate, give links to digital versions of the publications that can be printed or saved.
- Statistical Abstract of North Carolina Taxes.
The North Carolina Department of Revenue administers the state tax laws and collects taxes due to the state in an impartial, uniform, and efficient manner. The Department also accounts for the state's tax funds. The Statistical Abstract provides statistics concerning taxes imposed under the Revenue Laws of North Carolina. It gives legislators, tax professionals, researchers, and other interested citizens of North Carolina information about the amount of taxes collected, classifications of taxpayers, and the geographic distribution of taxes. The Statistical Abstract includes both historical series of data and detailed reports for the most recent fiscal or tax year available.
- Categories: Taxation--North Carolina--Statistics-Periodicals.
- Paper availability: 2005-present
- Digital availability: 2004-present
- Alternate Names: none
- North Carolina Biennial Tax Expenditure Report.
Tax expenditures are created to give economic assistance to certain groups of producers or consumers in the economy or to promote other policy goals. In compliance with requirements of the General Statutes of North Carolina, the Department annually prepares this report of tax expenditures contained in the Revenue Laws of North Carolina. This listing of expenditures and measurements of their costs will allow legislative review of their impact on the state's economy and on government revenues.
- Categories: Tax expenditures--North Carolina-Periodicals, Tax expenditures--Law and legislation--North Carolina-Periodicals, Tax exemption--Law and legislation--North Carolina--Periodicals.
- Paper availability: 1976-present
- Digital availability: 2005-present
- Alternate Names: North Carolina Tax Expenditure Report; Biennial Tax Expenditure Report
- The State Treasurer's Annual Report to the People of North Carolina.
The North Carolina Department of State Treasurer is the state's banker and custodian of public monies. The Department has broad authority over the finances of the state. Its key responsibilities are management of the state's Pension Fund, the Teacher & State Employee and Local Government pension plans, the State Bank, the state's 401(k)/457 plans, and the State Disability Program. It also manages state and local debt issuance, oversees local government finance, and acts as fiscal advisor to the state. This annual report reviews the year's activities of the State Treasurer.
- Categories: Finance, Public--North Carolina--Periodicals.
- Paper availability: 1876-presenT
- Digital availability: 2003-present
- Alternate Names: Biennial Report of the State Treasurer to the Governor of North Carolina; Biennial Report of the Public Treasurer of North Carolina; Biennial Report of the Treasurer of North Carolina; Annual Report of the Treasurer of North Carolina; Report of the Treasurer of North Carolina; Biennial Report, Treasurer, State of North Carolina; Report of N.C. State Treasurer; North Carolina Department of State Treasurer Annual Report; The State Treasurer's Annual Report
- State of North Carolina General Fund Monthly Financial Report.
The North Carolina Office of the State Controller is the state's chief financial officer and manages the North Carolina Accounting System. The Office's mission is to provide essential fiscal services to support North Carolina's state government. It functions to assist state agencies in complying with state and federal fiscal laws, rules, regulations, and generally accepted accounting principles. The Report presents revenues, receipts, appropriated expenditures, and disbursements on a cash basis in the month when cash is received or cash is disbursed. The Cash Management Control System operated by the Office is the source for the amounts presented in this report.
- Categories: Finance--North Carolina-Periodicals, Finance, Public--North Carolina-Periodicals, North Carolina--Appropriations and expenditures.
- Paper availability: digital-only
- Digital availability: 2010-present
- Alternate Names: General Fund Monthly Financial Report
- North Carolina Comprehensive Annual Financial Report.
Just like public companies file an annual report to make their finances transparent to their employees, shareholders, regulators, and the public, the North Carolina Office of the State Controller publishes an annual report with all information necessary for anyone to gain an understanding of the State's financial activities during the previous fiscal year.
- Categories: Financial statements--North Carolina, Finance, Public--North Carolina--Accounting-Statistics, North Carolina--Finance--Accounting-Statistics.
- Paper availability: 1986-present
- Digital availability: 1997-present
- Alternate Names: A Comprehensive Annual Financial Report
- North Carolina Financial Highlights.
This popular report is intended to summarize basic financial information about the state. This information is supported in more detail in the Comprehensive Annual Financial Report above. The Financial Highlights provides information at the governmentwide level in addition to the major fund level. Coverage of legally separate, but related, organizations is limited to universities and community colleges and is at a high level. North Carolina Financial Highlights is the product of a coordinated effort on the part of state and local governments to issue simplified financial reports that make transparent information about the state's financial condition. This popular report is a report for the people.
- Categories: Finance, Public--North Carolina, Budget--North Carolina, North Carolina--Appropriations and expenditures.
- Paper availability: 1998-present
- Digital availability: 1998-present
- Alternate Names:
- Single Audit Report.
The North Carolina Office of the State Auditor produces many publications that increase financial transparency. The Office audits the financial affairs of all state agencies, and can perform special audits and investigations requested by the Governor or the General Assembly. The results of these audits are published in reports that can be retrieved, viewed, and/or printed easily at the Office's website. In compliance with state law an annual financial audit of the state financial reporting entity is completed each year by the Office. The State Auditor's examination is conducted in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted.
- Categories: North Carolina--Auditing-Periodicals, Auditors' reports--North Carolina-Periodicals, Finance, Public--Auditing--North Carolina-Periodicals, Grants-in-aid--North Carolina-Auditing, Administrative agencies--North Carolina, North Carolina--Appropriations and expenditures--Periodicals.
- Paper availability: 1986-present
- Digital availability: 2001-2002
- Alternate Names: State of North Carolina Single Audit Report


Let me introduce myself. I'm Daniel (aka QuantumBear), Cofounder of TunnelBear. My blog posts will be technical and focus on coding and development of TunnelBear apps and services.
At TunnelBear we are big fans of the Play Framework and Scala. So in my first post, I'm kicking things off with a little explanation of how to get started with user authentication in the Play framework. Along the way we will see a few common concepts used in Scala code such as functions as first class objects, case classes, pattern matching, options, implicits and traits.
The finished code for this project is available here.
First a look at what a standard API endpoint, or Action, looks like in the Play Framework v2.x:
def hello = Action { Ok("hello") }
To construct an Action we pass it some code that returns a Result (in this case, the OK result). Note that the argument to create an Action is actually a function itself. In this case a function that takes no arguments (sometimes called a code block) and that returns a Result.
Being able to pass functions as parameters like this is a key difference between Java and Scala and we will be making good use of it going forward.
For authenticated APIs, we found ourselves repeatedly checking usernames and passwords in the same way throughout the codebase. For example, if a user is defined like this:
'case class User(username:String, password:String) {
def checkPassword(password: String): Boolean = this.password == password }
//User lookup
object User {
def find(username: String):Option[User] = users.filter(_.username == username).headOption
Then the authenticated actions might look like this:
def helloUser(username:String, password:String) = Action { val user:Option[User] = User.find(username).filter(_.checkPassword(password)) user match { case Some(user) => Ok(s"hello ${user.username}") case None => Forbidden("I don't know you") } }
Wouldn't it be nice if we could write code that acted directly on a User object without explicitly handling authentication every time? Perhaps actions like this:
def helloUser(username:String, password:String) = AuthenticateMe(username:String, password:String) { user:User => Ok(s"hello ${user.username}") }
How do we go about constructing AuthenticateMe?
Well it's a method that needs to return an Action, and its argument is a username, password and a User => Result function. We just need to handle the two cases where authentication succeeds and fails, returning a Forbidden result in the failure case and executing argument function otherwise:
def AuthenticateMe(username:String, password:String)(f: User => Result) = Action { val user:Option[User] = User.find(username).filter(_.checkPassword(password)) user match { case Some(user) => f(user) case None => Forbidden("I don't know you") } }
All that has been done here is factor out the common authentication and error handling code and make the dynamic part (i.e. the code that gives us a Result from a User) an argument.
AuthenticateMe is making use of Options and Pattern Matching, two useful Scala constructs described nicely in The Neophyte's Guide to Scala
Taking things further:
Passing the username and password around is a little clunky, and what about handling other forms of authentication like cookies?
Let's aim for something like this:
def helloUser = AuthenticateMe { user => Ok(s"hello ${user.username}") }
But how are the username, password or cookie to be accessed now?
First, let's dig a bit deeper into actions:
An Action actually takes a function of type Request => Result as an argument, where the Request holds information about the incoming http request such as it's parameters, headers, cookies etc. So you can think of an Action as telling the Play Framework how to convert an incoming http request to a response, which it can then render.
In the above examples we didn't need to use the Request object explicitly and so used an Action constructor which ignores the Request. Actions can also be written with the request like this:
def hello = Action { request => Ok("hello") }
In order to get at the authentication details this time, the request parameter is needed.
First a few helpers that extract useful information from requests:
'object AuthUtils {
def parseUserFromCookie(implicit request: RequestHeader) = request.session.get("username").flatMap(username => User.find(username))
def parseUserFromQueryString(implicit request:RequestHeader) = {
val query = request.queryString.map { case (k, v) => k -> v.mkString }
val username = query get ("username")
val password = query get ("password")
(username, password) match {
case (Some(u), Some(p)) => User.find(u).filter(user => user.checkPassword(p))
case _ => None
def parseUserFromRequest(implicit request:RequestHeader):Option[User] = {
parseUserFromQueryString orElse parseUserFromCookie
parseUserFromQueryString looks for "username" and "password" http parameters in the request, and if found attempts to return the authorised user. If no user is found there, the fallback is to look for a signed cookie containing the username.
Note the use of the implicit keyword for the request parameter.
If a parameter to a function is marked as implicit, the parameter does not need to be explicitly passed in. For this to work, you have to mark a suitable value as implicit somewhere in the scope of the function.
This can clean up code where the same parameter is passed to multiple functions.
Here is the improved version of our authentication wrapper:
def AuthenticateMe(f: User => Result) = Action { implicit request => val user = AuthUtils.parseUserFromRequest user match { case Some(user) => f(user) case None => Forbidden("I don't know you") } }
There are times when you need finer control over what kind of users can access an api.
Let's extend our users so they now have a "premium" status and also a balance:
case class User(username:String, password:String, isPremium:Boolean, balance:Int) { def checkPassword(password: String): Boolean = this.password == password }
We might like to restrict an API to only those users who meet specific conditions. If we can define some traits that can be mixed in with a Controller, we can tell at a glance which users can access which API.
For example, for an API which only "premium users with a balance of at least 8" can access, constructing traits like PremiumUsersOnly and BalanceCheck might be handy. The aim is this:
'object PaidApplication extends Controller with Authentication with PremiumUsersOnly with BalanceCheck {
//set required balance here
override def getRequiredBalance = 8
//only premium user's with balance of at least 8 should be allowed through
def helloUser = AuthenticateMe {
Condition is a new type we define which is simply shorthand for "a function that takes a User and returns either a pass, or a fail". The Either type will suit us well as a return type, being either a Right on success or a Left on failure. Either is like an extended Option that can not only signal a failure, but also hold information about the failure:
'object Conditions {
type Condition = (User => Either[String, Unit])
val isPremiumUser:Condition = {
user => if(user.isPremium)
Left("User must be premium")
def balanceGreaterThan(required:Int):Condition = {
user => if(user.balance > required)
Left(s"User balance must be > $required")
AuthenticateMe now has to check not only the username and password as before, but also additional conditions on the user. Here are the additions neededin the Authentication trait:
'trait Authentication {
self:Controller =>
//additional conditions
var accessConditions: List[Conditions.Condition] = List.empty
val user = AuthUtils.parseUserFromRequest
Forbidden("Invalid username or password")
else {
//username and password check have been passed.
//collectFirst will return the first condition in the Left state (i.e. error state)
accessConditions.map(condition => condition(user.get)).collectFirst[String]{case Left(error) => error}
match {
case Some(error) => Forbidden(s"Conditions not met: $error")
case _ => f(user.get)
The Authentication trait holds a list of conditions which are tested after authentication is complete. If any of these Conditions fail, then we get the error message of the first one and display it to the user with a 403 Forbidden status code.
Finally we can define our traits which will add to the accessCondtions list as they are mixed in to the controller:
'trait PremiumUsersOnly {
self:Authentication =>
accessConditions = accessConditions :+ Conditions.isPremiumUser
trait BalanceCheck {
self:Authentication =>
def getRequiredBalance:Int
accessConditions = accessConditions :+ Conditions.balanceGreaterThan(getRequiredBalance)
} '
Add a couple of users:
val users = List(User("_EMAIL_", "password", true, 10), User("_EMAIL_", "password", true, 3))
If Alice tries to access the helloUser api she will be denied:
curl -v _URL_\&password\=password < HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden Conditions not met: User balance must be > 8
Whereas Bob will be allowed through:
curl -v _URL_\&password\=password < HTTP/1.1 200 OK hello _EMAIL_
Complete code samples are available here.


text:
Leading up to Arizona's centennial Feb. 14, we'll reprint a story or excerpts each day from the Arizona Daily Star or Tucson Citizen archives.
Jan. 25, 1912
Active efforts are to be renewed at once to bring about the establishment of a brigade post at Tucson. When Congressman Carl Hayden and his secretary, A. P. Martin, go to Washington on February 1, they will be well supplied with all the arguments in favor of making this city a brigade post headquarters. Mr. Martin is now being furnished with information of that character.
The new movement started with the annual dinner at the Old Pueblo Club, at which reference to the brigade post effort was made by J. M. Ormsby. Oscar Cole, making note of the fact, wrote to Congressman-elect Hayden asking him to use his influence in Congress to secure the post for Tucson. He received a reply which he has forwarded from Douglas to Tucson, in which Mr. Hayden stated that he was strongly in favor of a brigade post in Arizona, but that he had not investigated the relative claims of Tucson, Douglas and Prescott. He suggested, however, that all data possible be given to his secretary, Mr. Martin, to take with him to Washington.
This information, now being assembled, shows the outlet for troops from Tucson to the east, west and south by the Southern Pacific, to the north by the Arizona Eastern, to the east and southeast by the El Paso & Southwestern, and the probability of the outlet to the north by the Santa Fe, and to the south by the Port Lobos railroad.
The advantages of Tucson from a standpoint of the health of the troops and as a supply point will also be shown conclusively. It is likely that a map showing the strategical location of Tucson relative to the border district and its transportation facilities will be furnished Mr. Martin.
- The Tucson Citizen
The Sundt Cos., O'Rielly Chevrolet, Research Corp. for Science Advancement, the University of Arizona, Freeport McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc., Rosemont Copper, Tucson Realty & Trust. Co., Jack Furrier Tire & Auto Care, Walgreens and Carondelet Health Network are sponsors of the Star's Arizona Centennial project.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Reader Level:
Article
Registration + Login + Email-id verification Scenario in C#
By Abhimanyu K Vatsa on May 07, 2011
In this article you will learn how to develop Registration, Login and Account Activation (sending Email ID verification) using C#.
Introduction
Normally as a user we navigate to a website, register ourself and verify the account to enjoy the service provided by them. To develop such an application we need a special scenario. There are many ways to perform the activation.
Send the SMS containing random code to cell phone and ask that code for verification
Send email having URL to verify
Send email having random code to verify
In this article, we will learn the (2) method. In the future, I'll post on all.
Look at the following file hierarchy and develop the same by following the steps given below.
Untitled1.jpg
Untitled.jpg
Follow the steps for development:
Step 1
Untitled1.jpg
Develop the database, look at the screenshot:
Untitled.jpg
Remember to mark the "id" field as auto-number and the default value for verified column to "NO".
Step 2
Create the connection string in config file as follows:
<connectionStrings>
<add name="ConnectionString1" connectionString="Data Source=.\SQLEXPRESS;AttachDbFilename=|DataDirectory|\Database.mdf;Integrated Security=True;User Instance=True"
providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
</connectionStrings>
Step 3
Configure the secure location path that will be accessed when the user is fully authorized.
<location path="secure">
<system.web>
<authorization>
<deny users="?"/>
</authorization>
</system.web>
</location>
Step 4
Create the ~/login/Register.aspx form using C# code-behind and write the following code.
Register.aspx Code
<form id="form1" runat="server">

<asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" Visible="False" ForeColor="Red" Font-Bold="True"></asp:Label>

Full Name:

<asp:TextBox ID="fullname" runat="server" Width="200px" MaxLength="50"></asp:TextBox>
<asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="RequiredFieldValidator1" runat="server"
ErrorMessage="Full Name can't be empty." ControlToValidate="fullname" ForeColor="Red">*</asp:RequiredFieldValidator>

Email ID:

<asp:TextBox ID="emailid" runat="server" Width="200px" MaxLength="80"></asp:TextBox>
<asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="RequiredFieldValidator2" runat="server"
ErrorMessage="Email ID can't be empty." ControlToValidate="emailid" ForeColor="Red">*</asp:RequiredFieldValidator>
<asp:RegularExpressionValidator ID="RegularExpressionValidator1" runat="server"
ErrorMessage="Invalid Email ID." ControlToValidate="emailid" ForeColor="Red"
ValidationExpression="\w+([-+.']\w+)*@\w+([-.]\w+)*\.\w+([-.]\w+)*">*</asp:RegularExpressionValidator>

Username:

<asp:TextBox ID="username" runat="server" Width="200px" MaxLength="20"></asp:TextBox>
<asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="RequiredFieldValidator3" runat="server"
ErrorMessage="Username can't be empty." ControlToValidate="username" ForeColor="Red">*</asp:RequiredFieldValidator>

Password:

<asp:TextBox ID="password" runat="server" TextMode="Password" Width="200px" MaxLength="20"></asp:TextBox>
<asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="RequiredFieldValidator4" runat="server"
ErrorMessage="Password can't be empty." ControlToValidate="password"
ForeColor="Red">*</asp:RequiredFieldValidator>

Re-Type Password:

<asp:TextBox ID="repassword" runat="server" TextMode="Password" Width="200px" MaxLength="20"></asp:TextBox>
<asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="RequiredFieldValidator6" runat="server"
ErrorMessage="Password can't be empty." ControlToValidate="password"
ForeColor="Red">*</asp:RequiredFieldValidator>

<asp:Button ID="submit" runat="server" Text="Submit" onclick="submit_Click" />

<asp:ValidationSummary ID="ValidationSummary1" runat="server" ForeColor="Red"/>

<asp:HyperLink ID="HyperLink1" runat="server" NavigateUrl="~/login/login.aspx">I have already an account !</asp:HyperLink>

</form>
Register.aspx.cs Code
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
protected void submit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
SqlDataSource sds = new SqlDataSource();
sds.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["ConnectionString1"].ToString();
sds.SelectParameters.Add("username", TypeCode.String, this.username.Text);
sds.SelectCommand = "SELECT * FROM [users] WHERE [username] = @username";
DataView dv = (DataView)sds.Select(DataSourceSelectArguments.Empty);
try
{
if (dv.Count == 0)
{
SqlDataSource emailcheck = new SqlDataSource();
emailcheck.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["ConnectionString1"].ToString();
emailcheck.SelectParameters.Add("emailid", TypeCode.String, this.emailid.Text);
emailcheck.SelectCommand = "SELECT * FROM [users] WHERE [emailid] = @emailid";
DataView emailcheckdv = (DataView)emailcheck.Select(DataSourceSelectArguments.Empty);
try
{
if (emailcheckdv.Count == 0)
{
if (password.Text == repassword.Text)
{
execution(fullname.Text, emailid.Text, username.Text, password.Text);
}
else
{
Label1.Visible = true;
Label1.Text = "Form not completed or password not matched.";
}
}
else
{
Label1.Visible = true;
Label1.Text = "Email ID already Registered.";
}
}
catch


text:
Sean O'Casey stormed the citadel of English cultural imperialism in his native Ireland with powerhouse plays promoting Irish nationalism. Born and bred in the Dublin slums, illiterate until the age of 14, and a self-taught reader, writer, and theater-goer, O'Casey maintained a strong bias towards the
The dramatic duo of Victorian London, playwright Sir William Schwenck Gilbert and composer Sir Arthur Sullivan, turned a theatrical corner with the creation of their wildly successful comic operas.
For more than 20 years, the pair created a host of now-classic light operas, such as "HMS Pinafore" (1
The story of Satyajit Ray is intertwined with the story of a nation and begins with his birth into a political reformist family in Calcutta in 1921. His father was a satirist, his grandfather a writer and publisher; however, Ray's career began in advertising. Ray's growing reputation as an illustrato
As Anglo-Irish tensions tore his country apart, William Butler Yeats sought to give Ireland songs of identity rooted in the island's particular history and myth. Invoking a strong sense of place and folk tradition, Yeats attempted to counter the rapid growth of industry and materialism that he saw as

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
There are three different tiers of Character Class. All characters begin at level 1 in the first tier as the Mortal Class, and are limited to learning Mortal Skills.
When the character earns enough experience to become level 10, they can choose a second class from the Tier 2 classes. There are currently six different tier 2 classes to choose from (two of each Alignment, though the choice is restricted based on the character's Morality. In order to choose a Tier 2 class, the character must have spent at least 70 CP on T1 skills.
When the character earns enough experience to become level 20, they can choose a third and final class from amongst the tier 3 classes. This choice is restricted based on the tier 2 class of the character. In order to choose a Tier 3 class, the character must have spent at least 250 CP on T1 and T2 skills and spells. In addition, Fallen or Redeemed must have spent at least 100 CP on the T2 skills and spells that they will lose.
It is worth mentioning that the character does not "need" to select a Tier 2 or Tier 3 class. A character may remain a mortal or Tier 2 for as long as they wish, and may select one at any point, so long as they fit the requirements of Level, Character Point spending, and in some cases, Morality.
Speculation regarding the nature of classes, otherwise known as Archetypes, can be found in the fragments of the Lore of Haldos. The two presented arguments are that archetypes are derived from their Patron's aspects, or copied from exceptionally strong individuals who shaped themselves.
Tier 1: Mortal
- Paladin (Combat Class)
- The Paladin is a martial warrior dedicated to goodness whose strength and powers arise from their purity. Those who accept the call to fight for the forces of righteousness are duty-bound to remain pure, lest they lose access to the powers they are allowed to wield. Their devotion to the ideals upheld by the good elder powers allows the Paladin to enlist into the Heavenly Host, to defend all that is just, to face the demonic forces, and to call upon the powers of light protection and strength at those times when good beings must stand against evil and fight for what they believe in.
- Shepherd (Spellcaster)
- The Shepherd is an angel of mercy, the student of so-called white magic. One becomes a Shepherd by swearing themselves to the powers of good. They channel holy magic directly from the elder powers whose ideals they uphold, and can use that power to smite evil, aid others in need, and even consecrate the land itself. While many of the skills a Shepherd uses uplift and heal others, they can also learn spells to aid in combat and have the ability to call upon the Powers of Justice directly for aid when faced with the forces of evil.
- Myrmidon (Combat Class)
- A Myrmidon is one who has turned their focus on the art of combat. They are skilled warriors who have sought power from within themselves, and therefore have not sacrificed or devoted their soul. With free will, they can often be found as mercenaries of the angelic hosts and demonic hordes, or banded together with other Unaligned souls.
- Sorcerer (Spellcaster)
- A Sorcerer may gain their powers through any number of ways: they may have had a natural affinity which was tapped into through training and focus, or perhaps they studied the Arcane lore left behind by those who understood before them. They might have even accidentally stumbled upon it by exposure to the powerful energies that flow through the Nexus. Whatever the means a Sorcerer finds their power from, they have gained it by their own efforts, and without sacrifice or devotion of their soul; their free will remains untouched. Armed with the freedom of choice, they are neither shunned nor welcomed by the angelic hosts or the demonic hordes.
- Pariah (Combat Class)
- The Pariah is, in the most simple terms, a corrupted soul. In more elaborate terms, a Pariah is a soul who has allowed itself to become consumed by hatred and have had their soul twisted and warped as a result. When a soul becomes twisted enough, it becomes a creature as deformed on the outside as it is on the inside. The perversion of the body seeps all the way to their blood; a wounded Pariah is forced to seek their own means of tending to themselves (such is the life of those deemed by Namm to be outcasts). However, these discarded souls frequently band together, united against those who shun them. Unlike the Defiler, a Pariah will seek to turn their curse into a strength, drawing power from a combination of their deformities and lust for vengeance.
- Defiler (Spellcaster)
- All souls who become Defilers have one thing in common: a lust for power. Those who chose to become Defilers often view it as an investment, and will form a dark pact with a greater entity (usually an evil elder power), agreeing to make tribute to them in exchange for power. A Defiler is expected to spill the blood of others and make sacrifices to keep their patron satisfied, and they will gain more power in this way. The patron also syphons off small amounts of the soul of a Defiler, for their own ends. Breaking free of the patronage is extremely difficult, but not unheard of. A Defiler is cursed to walk a warped, twisted existence, shunned by all that is holy, and forced to fend for themselves should they come to harm; however, the Defiler also learns to utilize the black arts to inflict pain and suffering on others, in turn tearing off and stealing bits of their strength, power, or souls.
Good Combat Classes
- The Holy Champion calls upon divine power to become swathed in elemental energy, granting powers depending on which element they choose to imbue their body with. A Holy Champion is perhaps the most flexible of the angelic fighting classes, able to fill many roles - but never more than one at a time.
- The Divine Herald is a fleet-footed hunter and a messenger of death. They are the Harbingers of Namm, bringing conquest, judgement, and punishment to bear against the unjust.
- Tasked to protect angels and the innocent against the demonic hordes, Seraphs are particularly well-equipped in defence; many exchange their flesh for clockwork armour and protective abilities that make them resistant to all kind of attacks. Whilst they are the metaphorical "shield" of the Heavenly Host, they are fearsome in single-combat with their clockwork precision and renowned smiting powers.
- A few demons begin down the path of darkness, only to turn back toward the light. While they are never fully free of the stains of their demonic lineage, those who seek redemption are blessed with powers to aid themselves and others - and to become hated and despised by the demons who once embraced them. They become embodiments of penitence, humility... and vengeance.
Good Spellcaster Classes
- The advocate is the support class among the angelic legions. With few offensive capabilities, the Advocate is best suited to defence and to providing boons and aid to other characters; this subtle, yet powerful role allows the advocate to increase the efficacy of Good characters, allowing a group to far surpass their individual abilities.
- The field general among the angels, the Archon is a combat-oriented caster who channels a good deal of offensive firepower and is most often found leading the angelic charge against the minions of darkness.
- Caretaker of the creatures of the Elysian fields, the Lightspeaker often lives vicariously through their charges. While not armed personally for great combat duty, the ability to summon creatures to protect both the Lightspeaker and nearby forces of Good - and to smite evil foes - makes the simple caretaker a formidable opponent when accompanied by a menagerie.
Neutral Combat Classes
- Master of martial training and discipline, the Eternal Soldier is focused upon utilising superior training, ingenuity, and tactics to overcome their enemies. The Eternal Soldier relies very little on magic, but through ceaseless devotion, is master of the mundane and a weapon in their hands is exceedingly deadly.
- Mysterious warriors who draw much of their power from the tattoos that cover their body, the Nexus Champion tends to focus on attaining victory through inner balance and harmony. Though not usually approaching the Eternal Soldier in terms of sheer single-combat power, the Nexus Champion may learn the arcane arts, and is a more flexible and subtle warrior.
- Warriors who align themselves with shadows, nightmares, and death, Revenants have been known through the ages by many names - Werewolf, Nosferatu, and Vampire among them. They tend to draw their power from a pact with Hashaa and the very essence of darkness, shaping it to form both weapons and refuge. Many of them soon come to revel in their unlife and the power it affords them in their chosen element.
Neutral Spellcaster Classes
- Watching over the walls that divide reality, the Conduit manipulates the raw energies of the planes. Folding pathways between distant places, manipulating the ambient magicks of an area, striking foes with raw Arcana, and exploiting knowledge of matter and ether to better shape weapons or potions: the Conduit is the prime example of "mind over matter."
- A master of necromantic (death) magic, the Lich has surpassed Hashaa's power of decay and become undead. Whilst the Lich has achieved undeath on their own (following studies first performed by Haldos), and possessing an uncanny ability to work with the powers of death, the Lich gains the power over creatures of unlife through Hashaa.
- More than just a studious bookworm,

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
By M. Fraundorfer
The writer examines Brazil's rising function as an immense actor in a variety of sectors of worldwide governance. via exploring how Brazil's workout of strength built during the last decade within the sectors of well-being, foodstuff protection and bioenergy, this publication sheds mild at the energy concepts of an rising nation from the worldwide south.
Read Online or Download Brazil's Emerging Role in Global Governance: Health, Food Security and Bioenergy PDF
Best environmental policy books
The Intergovernmental Panel on weather swap (IPCC) plays essentially the most very important jobs on the earth. It surveys weather study and writes a document approximately what all of it potential. This record is informally often called the weather Bible. pointed out by way of governments around the globe, the weather Bible is the explanation carbon taxes are being brought, heating debts are emerging, and expensive new laws are being imposed.
This e-book advances a social-ecological conception to reconnect nature and society via sustainable transformation of interacting social and ecological platforms. Social ecology develops as an interdisciplinary technological know-how by utilizing wisdom from the social sciences, specifically sociology and economics, and from natural-scientific ecology.
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- Emissions Trading and Competitiveness Allocations, Incentives and Industrial Competitiveness under the EU Emissions Trading Scheme
- Advancing Land Change Modeling: Opportunities and Research Requirements
- Global Warming and Global Politics
- Climate Change Politics in Europe: Germany and the International Relations of the Environment (Library of International Relations)
- Energy Explained, Volume 1: Conventional Energy
Additional info for Brazil's Emerging Role in Global Governance: Health, Food Security and Bioenergy
24 Brazil's Emerging Role in Global Governance This personal tragedy experienced by people living with and dying from HIV/AIDS in the 1980s and 1990s was exacerbated by another tragedy involving the pharmaceutical industry. Pharmaceutical companies have been using their monopoly on patented AIDS drugs backed by the Agreement for Trade-Related Aspects on Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) to sell these drugs at exorbitant prices to governments in the developing world. As a consequence, the costs for AIDS drugs were so high that many people living with the virus in developing countries could not afford to get access to these life-saving drugs.
Long puts these two central issues in relation to each other by emphasising that '[k]nowledge processes are embedded in social processes that imply aspects of power, authority and legitimation; and they are to lead to the establishment of common perceptions and interests' (Long 2001: 183). In common with other authors (Bartsch and Kohlmorgen 2007; Hein et al. 2007; Hein and Moon 2013: 38), I have slightly modiﬁed Long's original approach, which concentrated on vertical local/national-global interfaces, cultural practices and sociological aspects.
It is generally acknowledged that threats to health may compromise a country's stability and security. We believe that health as a foreign policy issue needs a stronger strategic focus on the international agenda. (Amorim et al. 2007: 1373) The Oslo Ministerial Declaration acknowledged that health was not only a value in itself but related to issues of development, economic growth and a country's stability and security. No less important, the states agreed that new governance structures needed to be developed in order to meet the challenges of global governance as a whole.


text:
Masking by Moving: Learning Distraction-Free Radar Odometry from Pose Information
Proceedings of the Conference on Robot Learning, PMLR 100:303-316, 2020.
This paper presents an end-to-end radar odometry system which delivers robust, real-time pose estimates based on a learned embedding space free of sensing artefacts and distractor objects. The system deploys a fully differentiable, correlation-based radar matching approach. This provides the same level of interpretability as established scan-matching methods and allows for a principled derivation of uncertainty estimates. The system is trained in a (self-)supervised way using only previously obtained pose information as a training signal. Using 280km of urban driving data, we demonstrate that our approach outperforms the previous state-of-the-art in radar odometry by reducing errors by up 68% whilst running an order of magnitude faster.


text:
The "discovery" and conquest of the Americas by Christopher Columbus, Hernán Cortés, and later explorers provided great wealth for Spain and other European nations who plundered natural resources including precious metals. But the indigenous peoples had used gold for centuries in their economic, political, and spiritual affairs.
On this guided tour, explore galleries housing remarkable gold art objects collected and donated to the MFAH by Houston philanthropist Alfred C. Glassell, Jr., and learn more about the objects' diverse uses by ancient civilizations that predated the arrival of the Europeans.
► Admission is free when you purchase lunch from that day's on-site food truck or from the MFAH location of Cafe Express, so make Lunch + Look part of your routine! General admission is always free for MFAH Members.


Call To A Member Function GetClientOriginalName() On String - Laravel File Upload
Asked by Anonymous on 18 Jun 2017 9890 Views
Anonymous on 19 Jun 2017
First of all, you need to know that while uploading an image or a file, you are sending an array of data. If you treated it like other usual text input fields, only the file name which is actually a string will be sent via the form to the processing blocks of codes. In that case, the function GetClientOriginalName() can't be executed as the string won't have any additional information. So, make sure you have added the form attribute enctype="multipart/form-data" in the form tag which looks like:

If you used the var_dump() function to dump the value of the input type="file" without adding enctype="multipart/form-data" the result will simple be the file name as a string. If you dumped it with the form attribute enctype="multipart/form-data" the result will appear as shown below in application built on basic php script.
Array (
 [upload] => Array (
 [name] => test.png
 [type] => image/png
 [tmp_name] => C:\xampp\tmp\php9834.tmp
 [error] => 0
 [size] => 481933
 )
)
Dump the value of the input type="file" in laravel and the result will appear as shown below.
private 'originalName' => string 'test.png'
private 'mimeType' => string 'image/png'
private 'size' => int 481933
private 'error' => int 0
The function GetClientOriginalName() is used to retrieve the file's original name at the time of upload in laravel and that'll only be possible if the data is sent as array and not as a string.
Hence, you must add enctype="multipart/form-data" whenever you are creating a form with input fields for files or images.
Another important thing is to set the default value of the data table field for file to null to avoid additional issues when no file is selected. And, don't forget to check if the file field is empty with hasFile() function as well

if ($request->hasFile('image')){
 // processing codes
}
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Parent and Student Sign-In New Login Process
Teacher login
Have questions about the Great Falls Public School District? Visit the GFPS website.
Create an Account
Frequently Asked Questions:
 1. "Help for setting up your parent account."
 2. "Can there be more than one parent login account?"
 3. "How do I obtain my students access ID and password?"
 4. "I cannot add my student. The system says the password for my student is not correct."
 5. "What kind of computer equipment do I need to view PowerSchool?"
 6. "I'm having trouble signing in or I forgot my username and password."
 7. "What can I see on the PowerSchool site?"
 8. "I have a question about my student's grade. Whom should I call?"
 9. "Can other people see my child's information?"
 10. "I have a question regarding my child's grades."
 11. "I'm not getting my E-Mail updates at all or on a regular basis."
 12. "Do parents have the same username and password as their students?"
 13. "I am a student and cannot login."


text:
Beijing, Mar 2 (IANS/EFE) Authorities in the central Chinese province of Henan inaugurated a road that is designed to play music as vehicles pass over it, the media said.
Hundreds of narrow ribbons are arrayed across a 300-meter stretch of the road in such as way as to play a tune as vehicles pass.
The vehicles must be travelling at a minimum speed of 40 kph to correctly sound the notes.
The road, located inside the Changge nature reserve, plays either the Chinese national anthem or the traditional favourite "Molihua" (Jasmine), depending on which direction the vehicles are moving.
It is China's first musical road, though similar thoroughfares exist in Japan, South Korea and Denmark, where the idea of turning a road into a musical instrument originated in 1994.
The Danes who built the first tuneful road dubbed it the "asphaltophone".
California once had its own musical road, but authorities had to repave it after area residents complained about constant noise as some drivers were driving back and forth just to make the song play.


Marbled Pattern Samples
Dutch Curl
Common or Curl
Oak Leaf
Small Combed
Double Combed
Waved Double Combed
Early Spanish
Turkish Spot
18th Century
These papers are examples of the papers produced during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The predomnant characteristic of these papers is the limited color palette: red, blue, yellow and green. Other colors were used, but much less frequently. The Dutch and combed patterns remained very popular throughout the history of marbling, becoming known as the Nonpareil pattern when made with other colors during the 19th century.
Index of papers


Home Men's Issue Manhoodv Schwannoma Could Disfigure a Handsome Penis
Men's Issue
Manhoodv Schwannoma Could Disfigure a Handsome Penis
Beauty is just skin deep, but with regards to acquiring a handsome penis, which can be deep enough. Penis health is, clearly, a lot more important in comparison with looks in the member, however the handsome penis will elicit significantly more interest among partners especially among potential partners. Thus when something arrives that disrupts its appearance, it's really an obstacle having a man as well as the sex existence. This is often easily the issue with the design of men organ Schwannoma, that could result in a disfiguring make use of an effective penis.
Almost everyone has not discovered men organ Schwannoma, or in the Schwannoma regardless of the sort, with justification: it's pretty rare. But rare is small security in situation your guy is actually among individuals number of whose penis is location from the Schwannoma.
But what exactly is a Schwannoma anyway? To solve that, you should know just a little about nerves. Generally everybody recognizes that nerves would be the areas of the body which get stimuli – as being a touch, and send an e-mail for the mind, thus prompting an answer. (Your penis has especially sensitive nerves, and that's why why touching or fondling it so enjoyable.) every nerve within you offers what is known a nerve sheath, that's basically a layer of protective tissue which will keep the nerves safe.
When you have a Schwannoma, meaning the tumor is moving in negligence nerve sheaths. This happens only in nerve sheaths that are individuals from the peripheral central nervous system, and for that reason they're ultimately within the brain or even inside the spine-cord.
That sounds terrible, nevertheless the good factor is always that Schwannoma are benign tumors, not cancerous. But they may be supported getting a burning or stinging sensation or, alternatively, by numbness – neither being wanted within the penis.
And they also can disfigure a handsome penis because these tumors can every so often get quite large. A really small you can look like somewhat bump, but bigger ones may be several inches in space – difficult to ignore, even round the really big penis. Even if they're not causing discomfort once the penis reaches rest, they frequently occasions may become painful during sexual activity – then when too big, will make transmission impossible.
How to handle it
In situation your guy has what he thinks generally is a Schwannoma on his penis, he'll vacation in the doctor and get a powerful diagnosis. Be it determined the lump is Schwannoma, really the only treatment choice is surgical excision. Normally, this is not a genuine difficult surgery, and sometimes requires just a nearby anesthetic. There's, however, chance of nerve damage as detaching the Schwannoma could require impacting the nerve beneath the sheath.
When the tumor is extremely small land isn't causing discomfort or discomfort, the physician may recommend simply monitoring the lump. Although generally benign, if for reasons unknown a physician suspects it might be malignant, however, he then will recommend removal even if it's causing no physical problems.
Removing a Schwannoma may restore a handsome penis for the former condition, nonetheless still it needs it health labored with. Regular usage of a greater drawer penis health oil (doctors recommend Man 1 Man Oil, that's proven mild and safe for skin) might help. To be able to give you the penis optimal benefits, the bets oil contains numerous vitamins, along with a, B5, C, D and E. And it also helps when the oil contains L-carnitine, an amino acidity which supports with maintaining appropriate penis sensitivity.
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Photoshop Tutorials
Tutorial 5: Soft Elliptic Border
What you'll start with: What you'll end up with:
1. Load Photoshop and open your image. Select the Elliptical Marquee tool (or press 'Shift' and 'M' to switch to it on the toolbox). Draw an ellipse around the image making sure that it is a fair distance away from the borders.
2. Go to Select, Feather and enter a value between 5 and 10. I used 6 for the above example. Press OK. Finally Go to Select, Inverse and press Backspace on your keyboard.


text:
Boot parameters are Linux kernel parameters which are generally used to make sure that peripherals are dealt with properly. For the most part, the kernel can auto-detect information about your peripherals. However, in some cases you'll have to help the kernel a bit.
If this is the first time you're booting the system, try the default boot parameters (i.e., don't try setting parameters) and see if it works correctly. It probably will. If not, you can reboot later and look for any special parameters that inform the system about your hardware.
Information on many boot parameters can be found in the Linux BootPrompt HOWTO, including tips for obscure hardware. This section contains only a sketch of the most salient parameters. Some common gotchas are included below in Section 5.3, "Troubleshooting the Installation Process".
When the kernel boots, a message
should be emitted early in the process.
total should match the total amount of RAM,
in kilobytes. If this doesn't match the actual amount of RAM you have
installed, you need to use the
ram is set to the amount of memory,
suffixed with "k" for kilobytes, or "m" for
megabytes. For example, both
mem=64m mean 64MB of RAM.
If you are booting with a serial console, generally the kernel will
If you have a videocard (framebuffer) and a keyboard also attached to
the computer which you wish to boot via serial console, you may have
to pass the
argument to the kernel, where
your serial device, which is usually something like
The installation system recognizes a few additional boot parameters which may be useful.
A number of parameters have a "short form" that helps avoid the limitations of the kernel command line options and makes entering the parameters easier. If a parameter has a short form, it will be listed in brackets behind the (normal) long form. Examples in this manual will normally use the short form too.
This parameter sets the lowest priority of messages to be displayed.
The default installation uses
This means that both high and critical priority messages are shown, but medium
and low priority messages are skipped.
If problems are encountered, the installer adjusts the priority as needed.
If you add
priority=medium as boot parameter, you
will be shown the installation menu and gain more control over the installation.
priority=low is used, all messages are shown
(this is equivalent to the expert boot method).
priority=critical, the installation system
will display only critical messages and try to do the right thing without fuss.
This boot parameter controls the type of user interface used for the installer. The current possible parameter settings are:
The default frontend is
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=text may be preferable for
serial console installs. Generally, only the
newt frontend is available on default install
media. On architectures that support it, the graphical installer uses
Setting this boot parameter to 2 will cause the installer's boot process to be verbosely logged. Setting it to 3 makes debug shells available at strategic points in the boot process. (Exit the shells to continue the boot process.)
This is the default.
More verbose than usual.
Lots of debugging information.
Shells are run at various points in the boot process to allow detailed debugging. Exit the shell to continue the boot.
The value of the parameter is the path to the device to load the
Debian installer from. For example,
The boot floppy, which normally scans all floppies it can to find the root floppy, can be overridden by this parameter to only look at the one device.
Can be used to force the installer to a lowmem level higher than the one the installer sets by default based on available memory. Possible values are 1 and 2. See also Section 184.108.40.206, "Check available memory / low memory mode".
Some architectures use the kernel framebuffer to offer installation in
a number of languages. If framebuffer causes a problem on your system
you can disable the feature by the parameter
fb=false. Problem symptoms are error messages
about bterm or bogl, a blank screen, or a freeze within a few minutes after
starting the install.
Such problems have been reported on hppa.
A theme determines how the user interface of the installer looks (colors,
icons, etc.). What themes are available differs per frontend. Currently
both the newt and gtk frontends only have a "dark" theme that was
designed for visually impaired users. Set the theme by booting with
By default, the
debian-installer automatically probes for network configuration
via DHCP. If the probe succeeds, you won't have a chance to review and
change the obtained settings. You can get to the manual network setup
only in case the DHCP probe fails.
If you have a DHCP server on your local network, but want to avoid it
because e.g. it gives wrong answers, you can use the parameter
netcfg/disable_dhcp=true to prevent configuring
the network with DHCP and to enter the information manually.
false to prevent starting PCMCIA
services, if that causes problems. Some laptops are well known for
true to enable support for Serial ATA RAID
(also called ATA RAID, BIOS RAID or fake RAID) disks in the installer.
Note that this support is currently experimental. Additional information
can be found on the Debian Installer Wiki.
Specify the url to a preconfiguration file to download and use for automating the install. See Section 4.4, "Automatic Installation".
Specify the path to a preconfiguration file to load for automating the install. See Section 4.4, "Automatic Installation".
true to display questions even if they have
been preseeded. Can be useful for testing or debugging a preconfiguration
file. Note that this will have no effect on parameters that are passed as
boot parameters, but for those a special syntax can be used.
See Section B.5.2, "Using preseeding to change default values" for details.
Delay questions that are normally asked before preseeding is possible until after the network is configured. See Section B.2.3, "Auto mode" for details about using this to automate installs.
During installations from serial or management console, the regular
virtual consoles (VT1 to VT6) are normally disabled in
true to prevent this.
By default, before rebooting,
debian-installer automatically ejects the optical
media used during the installation. This can be unnecessary if the system
does not automatically boot off the CD. In some cases it may even be
undesirable, for example if the optical drive cannot reinsert the media
itself and the user is not there to do it manually. Many slot loading,
slim-line, and caddy style drives cannot reload media automatically.
false to disable automatic ejection, and
be aware that you may need to ensure that the system does not
automatically boot from the optical drive after the initial
By default the installer requires that repositories be authenticated
using a known gpg key. Set to
disable that authentication.
Warning: insecure, not recommended.
true to enter rescue mode rather than
performing a normal installation. See Section 8.7, "Recovering a Broken System".
With some exceptions, a value can be set at the boot prompt for any question asked during the installation, though this is only really useful in specific cases. General instructions how to do this can be found in Section B.2.2, "Using boot parameters to preseed questions". Some specific examples are listed below.
Can be used to set both the language and country for the installation.
This will only work if the locale is supported in Debian.
For example, use
locale=de_CH to select German as
language and Switzerland as country.
Can be used to automatically load installer components that are not loaded
Examples of optional components that may be useful are
openssh-client-udeb (so you can use
scp during the installation) and
ppp-udeb (see Section D.4, "Installing Debian GNU/Linux using PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)").
true if you want to disable DHCP and instead
force static network configuration.
By default the installer will use the http protocol to download files from
Debian mirrors and changing that to ftp is not possible during installations
at normal priority. By setting this parameter to
you can force the installer to use that protocol instead. Note that you
cannot select an ftp mirror from a list, you have to enter the hostname
Can be used to select tasks that are not available from the interactive task
list, such as the
See Section 220.127.116.11, "Selecting and Installing Software" for additional information.
If drivers are compiled into the kernel, you can pass parameters to them as described in the kernel documentation. However, if drivers are compiled as modules and because kernel modules are loaded a bit differently during an installation than when booting an installed system, it is not possible to pass parameters to modules as you would normally do. Instead, you need to use a special syntax recognized by the installer which will then make sure that the parameters are saved in the proper configuration files and will thus be used when the modules are actually loaded. The parameters will also be propagated automatically to the configuration for the installed system.
Note that it is now quite rare that parameters need to be passed to modules. In most cases the kernel will be able to probe the hardware present in a system and set good defaults that way. However, in some situations it may still be needed to set parameters manually.
The syntax to use to set parameters for modules is:
If you need to pass multiple parameters to the same or different


text:
How do I Become a Landscape Industry Certified Technician/Certified Retail Horticulturist?
Steps to Getting Started
- Complete the registration form
- Purchase a study manual
- Receive your test book, plant list and description of the testing stations and STUDY.
- Remember Safety is the key to success. (please read our SAFETY POLICY)
- Enjoy your status as one of North America's Qualified, Trusted, Recognized horticultural professionals.
Prior Industry Experience:
It is strongly recommended that candidates have at least 2,000 hours (1 year) of landscape via showbox for ios industry experience.
The certification of an individual's competency is accomplished through a series of written and hands-on evaluations.
- Written exams are designed to measure an overall showbox comprehension of the trade.
- The written portion of the exam is usually taken just prior to the hands-on test and is generally 2.5 hours long. All written portions are also usually offered by your provincial association at industry events.
- The hands-on tests measure an individual's level of competence through a series of stations.
- The candidate is required to successfully perform specific tasks within a specified period of time in the presence of a qualified industry judge.
- Depending on the industry sector, a total of up to 11 stations must completed successfully.
- A minimum grade of 70% is required for all problems before certification status can be obtained.
A pre-evaluating orientation process is also available in most provinces.


Charles N. Haskell
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Charles Nathaniel Haskell
Governor haskell.JPG
1st Governor of Oklahoma
In office
November 16, 1907 – January 9, 1911
Lieutenant George W. Bellamy
Preceded by Frank Frantz
as Territorial Governor
Succeeded by Lee Cruce
Personal details
Born (1860-03-13)March 13, 1860
Leipsic, Ohio
Died July 5, 1933(1933-07-05) (aged 73)
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Resting place Muskogee, Oklahoma
Political party Democratic
Spouse(s) Lucie Pomeroy Haskell
Lillian Gallup Haskell
Profession teacher, lawyer
Religion Methodism
Charles Nathaniel Haskell (March 13, 1860 – July 5, 1933) was an American lawyer, oilman and the first governor of Oklahoma. As a delegate to Oklahoma's constitutional convention, he played a crucial role in drafting the Oklahoma Constitution and gaining Oklahoma's admission into the United States as the 46th state in 1907. A prominent businessman in Muskogee, Oklahoma, he helped the city to grow in importance. He represented the city as a delegate in both the Oklahoma convention and an earlier convention that was a failed attempt to create a U.S. state of Sequoyah.
During Oklahoma's constitutional convention, Haskell succeeded in pushing for the inclusion of prohibition and blocking the inclusion of women's suffrage in the Oklahoma Constitution. As governor, he was responsible for moving the state capital to Oklahoma City, establishing schools and state agencies, reforming the territorial prison system, and enforcing prohibition.
Lee Cruce succeeded Haskell, who died of a stroke in 1933.
Early life and education[edit]
Born in West Leipsic, Ohio on March 13, 1860, Charles Haskell was the son of George R. Haskell, a cooper who died when the boy was three years old. His mother, Jane H. Reeves Haskell, worked for the local Methodist church as a bell ringer and custodian to support the six children.[1] At the age of 10, he started working as a farm boy for a farmer named Miller in Putnam County, Ohio, where he lived and worked for eight years as he grew into adulthood. Miller was a school teacher, but as the young Haskell had to work, he did not have time to attend school. Instead, Miller's wife taught him at home and Haskell earned a teaching certificate at age 17.
Private career[edit]
Haskell became a teacher at age 18 and taught for three years in Putnam County. On December 6, 1880, he passed the bar exam, and became a practicing attorney at age 20 despite having no academic training in the field. In his work as an attorney, Haskell became one of the most successful lawyers in Ottawa, Ohio, the county seat, as well as one of the most prominent members of the Democratic Party in northwestern Ohio. In 1888, Haskell started work as a general contractor; for the next 16 years, his business career gave him an understanding of American industrialism. During this time, he lived in New York City and in San Antonio, Texas.[1]
Marriage and family[edit]
Haskell married Lucie Pomeroy, daughter of a prominent Ottawa family, on October 11, 1881. After they had three children together, she died in March 1888. Their children were Norman, who became a Muskogee lawyer; Murray, a bank cashier; and Lucie.[1]
Haskell remarried in 1889, to Lillie Elizabeth Gallup. They also had three children together: Frances, Joe and Jane.[1]
Move to Muskogee[edit]
Haskell moved to Muskogee, Oklahoma, where he would become a prominent resident.
With the Land Run of 1889 and the passage of the Organic Act in 1890, Oklahoma Territory was gaining importance on the national scene. Haskell moved his family to Muskogee, the capital of the Creek Nation, in March 1901. When he arrived, Haskell found Muskogee a dry, sleepy village of some 4,500 people. Upon his arrival a movement of building business blocks began and he built the first five-story business block in Oklahoma Territory.
Haskell organized and built most of the railroads running into Muskogee. He is said to have built and owned 14 brick buildings in the city. Through his influence, Muskogee grew to be a center of business and industry with a population of more than 20,000 inhabitants.[1] Haskell often told others that he hoped Muskogee would become the "Queen City of the Southwest."
His success earned him clout in the politics of Indian Territory and the attention of the Creek Nation. During this time, the Native American nations in Indian Territory were talking of creating a state and joining the Union under the name of the State of Sequoyah. The Creeks selected Haskell as their official representative to the conventions, in the position of vice-president for the Five Civilized Tribes, held in Eufaula, Oklahoma in 1902 and Muskogee in 1905. Of the six delegates at the Muskogee convention, all were of Native American descent, save two: Haskell and William H. Murray. Even though U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt blocked the attempt to create Sequoyah, Haskell wrote a large portion of the proposed state's constitution. Though Haskell publicly worked for a separate state for Indian Territory, privately, he was thrilled to see the Sequoyah proposal defeated. Haskell believed it would force the Indian leaders to join in statehood with Oklahoma Territory.
The United States Congress and President Roosevelt agreed that Oklahoma and Indian Territories could only enter the Union as one state, the State of Oklahoma. After the federal passage of the Enabling Act in 1906, Haskell was elected as a delegate by the largest margin in the new state, representing the seventy-sixth district, which included Muskogee. Traveling to Guthrie and the Oklahoma Constitutional convention on November 20, 1906, Haskell would meet William H. Murray from the Muskogee convention and Robert L. Williams. Because of their meetings at both conventions, Haskell would gain a friendship with Murray that would last until the end of his life.
The delegates to the Guthrie convention included many of those who had served in the Sequoyah convention in Muskogee, and a number of the ideas proposed for the new constitution were based upon the rejected Sequoyah constitution. Haskell owned the New State Tribune, and through its editorial columns advocated for the propositions he wanted in the new constitution, most of which were incorporated into the document, in substance if not in form. While Murray served as the convention's president, delegates recognized Haskell's power in the body. A local newspaper during the time, the Guthrie Report, called Haskell "the power behind the throne."
Haskell had a perfect attendance and voting record during the session. He advocated for provisions that affected both territories' labor problems and avocation for representatives of organized labor. Haskell also drafted a report drawing up county boundaries, led the crusade for state prohibition, introduced Jim Crow laws and successfully kept female suffrage out of the state constitution.
Gubernatorial campaign[edit]
William Jennings Bryan supported Haskell in his 1907 campaign.
At Tulsa on March 26, 1907, during the recess before the final adoption of the constitution by the convention, Haskell held a large Democratic Party banquet at the Brady Hotel, attended by between 500 and 600 of the leading Democrats of the new state. During this banquet, the first campaigns for governor were formally inaugurated. It was during the course of that evening that Haskell was presented by his friends with the honors of the Democratic gubernatorial candidacy. Among the other potential candidates were Thomas Doyle of Perry and Lee Cruce of Ardmore. Haskell, like other prominent Democrats at the time, had the strong support of labor and agriculture leaders.[2]
Unfortunately for Haskell, the primaries for governor were set for June 8, and Doyle and Cruce had already been campaigning; Haskell had little time. During his campaign, Haskell made 88 speeches in 45 days, and reached nearly every county, while the lieutenants of the respective candidates were vigorously working in the school districts and securing support in every community. Haskell's hard working nature led him to win the Democratic nomination. Haskell's victory in the primaries was carried by a more than 4,000-vote majority. He immediately confronted a new opponent in the opposite party, the Republican territorial governor, Frank Frantz, who was nominated by the Republican caucus at Tulsa.
Frantz, the current territorial governor, a former Rough Rider, a friend of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt, and with the federal prestige and support backing him, was the strongest candidate the Republican party could have presented to face Haskell. Haskell challenged his opponent to joint public discussions throughout the state, and every problem concerned with the administration of the new state came up in debate during the campaign.
During the course of the campaign, two nationally prominent figures spoke at various locations: Republican presidential nominee William Howard Taft and Democratic presidential nominee William Jennings Bryan. Unfortunately for the Republicans, Taft's disapproval of Oklahoma's proposed constitution and his advice that the people vote against it caused the voters to react in favor of the Democrats. Haskell won the gubernatorial race by more than 30,000 votes on September 17, 1907.[1] On the same day, the voters ratified the Oklahoma Constitution.
After Haskell's election


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Too much residual starch in bran means foregoing profit for millers. Bühler offers two ways out of the 'residual starch dead end' with its online measuring technology: the NIR Multi Online Analyzer MYRG or the Online Color and Speck Measurement MYHB. Both methods measure and report an increase in residual starch without loss of time making prompt correction possible.
Bühler AG – Grain Milling
In the grain milling industry the term extraction rate describes the amount of flour that can be made from 100 kg of grain. In modern milling operations, yield calculators continually monitor production and determine the degree of extraction. The goal of every miller when producing white, low-ash flour is to separate as much of the endosperm from the husk (bran) as possible. Bran is considered a by-product in milling and can be used as an additive for feed or sold as is.
OPTİMUM EXTRACTION RATE
Flour particles that stick to the bran as residual starch in the separation process are considered a loss by the miller. The higher the extraction rate, the higher the yield and thus also the miller's profit. However, it should be noted that as the extraction rate increases, more edge and husk particles are released from the grain along with the flour starch. With a higher extraction rate, the flour becomes darker and has a higher ash content. Millers will do everything they can to achieve the optimal extraction rate based on the desired type of flour and customer requirements. This includes trying to avoid too high of a residual starch content in the bran which means lower yields. Of course, other parameters which influence the baking properties must also be taken into consideration.
But how can the miller determine whether 'his' bran has too much residual starch? An initial indication is that yield drops or the ash content in the flour is low. If the miller determines this is true, he can use polarimetric starch determination according to Ewers (ISO 105020:1997) in the lab to determine the residual starch content in the bran. This method dissolves the raw starch in the test sample in hot, diluted hydrochloric acid. After precipitation of the spurious substances, the optical rotation of the raw starch solution is polarimetrically measured and the starch content is calculated based on the rotation angle. This is an old method and has its pitfalls: A conventional value results because other optically active carbohydrates (particularly water soluble ones) can be detected as well. It is also time-consuming and requires chemicals which is why very few millers use this method regularly. Sometimes the samples are sent to an external laboratory. The reverse way is also a possibility: The ash in the bran is measured. Most millers simply eyeball whether there is too much starch in the bran - the lighter it is, the more residual starch it contains.
CHANGING THE GRINDING GAP
What should the miller do when he determines that there is too much residual starch in the bran? An immediate measure is to check the back passages in the grinding process and see if the rollers are too high and thus the grinding gap too large. If that is not the case, the overall settings for the passes are not right. For instance, if the grinding gap in the front passes is too big, then the back passages are overloaded. They will not be able to loosen the remaining residual starch. In this case, checking the overall settings of all roller mills becomes inevitable.
ONLINE MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY
Bühler offers two ways out of the 'residual starch dead end' with its online measurement technology: the NIR Multi Online Analyzer MYRG or the online color and specks measurement MYHB. Both online methods are suitable for determining the residual starch in bran. The quantitative NIR method aims for a high degree of conformity with the official reference method ISO 105020:1997. Its use is particularly recommended if a NIR Multi Online Analyzer MYRG is already present in the mill. In this case, an additional NIR sensor is sufficient. The color and specks measurement MYHB is used when there is no MYRG system available. It can be a cost-effective alternative to qualitative monitoring of the bran.
How much can the yield be increased if the residual starch in the bran is permanently monitored online? Statistics show: For a well-managed mill, yields can be increased by about 0.5%. For a poorly managed mill, improvements in yield can be up to 3%.
What does that mean from a financial point of view? Let's assume that the mixing bran has a residual starch of 19%. With proper intervention, this can be reduced to 16%. The 3% residual starch recouped corresponds to a total yield of 0.66% at a bran yield of 22%.
If a ton of wheat is ground, the final measurement is an additional 6.6 kilograms. These 6.6 kilograms, as part of the bran, have a value of 0.60 euros but, as flour, it can be sold for 2.64 euros. The difference for the miller is 2.04 euros per ton. If the mill capacity is 220 t/24 hrs., that is an additional revenue of 450 euros per day or 160,000 euros per year.


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Capital Structure ArbitrageHedge Funds
Among the most obvious places to find arbitrage opportunities is within a firm's capital structure. Firms usually have many differing assets which use the firm's value as the underlying investment. The value differences aren't always held on a correct ratio to the firm's value or other capital instruments. Differences in these values give traders potential arbitrage opportunities.
Capital structure arbitrage opportunities arise from differing investments issued by the underlying firm. The various components of capital structure include secured bonds, unsecured bonds, subordinated bonds, preferred banking debts, common or preferred shares, and many other potential examples. All of these instruments have the company's value as the underlying asset. Price differences between assets are readily exploited for the profit of hedge funds. The underpriced assets are purchased, and the overpriced assets are short sold. Once the spread is narrowed, the purchased assets are sold and the short sales are closed. The profit is reinvested in other arbitrage capital opportunities.
Fund managers readily exploit these differences in hopes of gaining alpha. Alpha is generated by understanding the differing relationships capital instruments have with each other and the firm's underlying value. Profit gained is determined by the manager's knowledge of these relationships and ability to predict potential changes based on current and future events.
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International Economic Analysis:
- Major Currency Economic Summaries
- Performance of Major Imports and Exports
- Mandates of Central Banks versus Expectations
- Performance Indexes of Major Economies
- Economically Correlated Currency Projections
- Large Funds Currency Sentiment Readings
- List of Technical Indicators to Look For
- Occasional: Foregin Exchange Technicals Markups
American Markets Analysis:
- Summaries of American Economic Structure
- Performance of Major
- Federal Reserve Mandate versus Expectations
- Performance Indexes of U.S Economy
- Economically Correlated U.S Dollar Projections
- Large Trading Fund Index Sentiment Readings
- Market Wide Earnings Versus Valuations
- Fundamental Ranking of U.S Business Sectors
- Best and Worst Future Consensus Estimates
- Occasional: Firm Fundamental Strength Report
- List of Technicals to Look for While Trading
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FREE offers are often time-sensitive. Although they are FREE at the time of posting, please be sure to verify the offer is still free before claiming or purchasing it. (We are not responsible for price changes.) Thank you!
This freebie provides a full day of STEAM activities from knowledge of the numbers 1 through 120 in a pioneer journal. This free resource will help your homeschool take a pioneer style journey, 120 years back in time. Your homeschool can explore life as a pioneer on the Oregon Trail and develop diagram on the Western Expansion. The journal will explore topics like the science behind gold, what would be in a Pioneer's Wagon, nonstandard measurement using nuggets and more.
DK Readers L2: Journey of a PioneerAmerican Pioneers And PatriotsGone West: Bold Adventures of American Explorers and PioneersPioneer Children Sang as They WalkedIf You Traveled West In A Covered WagonThe Little House (9 Volumes Set)Western Pioneers Coloring Book (Dover History Coloring Book)Prairie Primer


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Example of a narrow feature that needs to be seen in a 3-D image. The first parameter that has to be defined in this 3-D seismic design method is the smallest (narrowest) horizontal dimension of a feature that must be seen in the 3-D data volume. For purposes of illustration, it is assumed the narrowest feature that is to be interpreted is a meander channel. At least three, and ideally four, stacking bins (seismic traces) must lie within the narrowest dimension W of this channel if the channel is to be reliably seen in the seismic image during workstation interpretation. Once this minimum channel width W is defined, the dimensions of the stacking bins are also defined, those bin dimensions being no wider than W/3, and ideally, they should be W/4 or less.


What are sugar bugs?
Sugar Bugs 271x300
Because sugar is exceedingly present in modern packaged foods, our children are inundated with it, from candies and beverages to seemingly healthy breakfast cereals and sweetened veggies. Starches, including sugars, create an acidic environment in the mouth, and this can lead to cavities.
Dr. Kimmy explains this process as having sugar bugs in your mouth. She says that sugar bugs eat sugars and then go potty. Their potty is an acid that makes holes in teeth. Though simplified, children appreciate the simple story and love the concept of destroying the bugs with a special toothbrush and magic toothpaste.


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Barley straw bales are ideal for improving water quality! Naturally occurring organisms will decompose the lignin in the barley releasing humic substances into the water. With exposure to sunlight and oxygen the compounds are converted into low levels of hydrogen peroxide, modifying your pond's chemistry and improving water quality.
Directions: One, single, 1 pound bale treats approximately 1,000 gallons of pond water. Bale lasts three to four months, apply second bale four weeks after first treatment to avoid interruption in water quality.


SHIFTboston blog» Blog Archive » TREEPODS Carbon-Scrubbing Artificial Trees for Boston City Streets
TREEPODS Carbon-Scrubbing Artificial Trees for Boston City Streets
With the earth's population ever growing, air pollution and air quality is a major issue for many countries around the world. Air pollutants can lead to respiratory related illnesses in humans and animals, create acid rain, and deplete the ozone layer. Actions such as carpooling, reducing the use of fossil fuels, and simply turning off a light when leaving a room are all ways that reduce harmful CO2 levels in our atmosphere. There is also a natural source that eats away at harmful CO2 gases and that source is trees.
Trees act like nature's lungs. They take in CO2 gases from the air and then use those gases for energy during the photosynthesis process. A byproduct of photosynthesis is oxygen. Over the course of a year, one tree can absorb up to 13 pounds of CO2 gases. The loss of trees in cities has had devastating results. Heavy levels of CO2 gases in cities create thick smog and affect the natural ecosystem of the land. These concentrated levels of CO2 gases create a hostile environment for trees and plants, making it difficult for them to grow properly.
Knowing the benefits, Dr Klaus Lackner, Director of the Lenfest Center for Sustainable Energy at Columbia University, came up with an innovative idea to reduce CO2 emissions in urban environments. Taking from his daughter's prize winning 8th grade science fair project, Dr Lackner designed a machine that would pull CO2 from the air. Lackner's daughter's project proved that CO2 could be extracted from the air by using a fish tank pump and a battery. Lackner took his daughter's idea further by designing his structure to act like a living tree.
Inspired by Dr Lackner's discovers, in Boston, MA, the Boston Treepod Initiative, developed by Mario Caceres and Christian Canonico of Influx_Studio from Paris France, in collaboration with ShiftBoston are proposing to use this environmental friendly technology to help curb CO2 gases in the city. By using biomimicry, or drawing inspiration from nature, Influx_Studio developed their tree-like structure to be powered by both solar and kinetic energy. Their artificial tree mimics what real trees do. It scrubs CO2 from the atmosphere and emits O2 and uses its own power to do so.
To make their design more appealing to the eye, the international team drew inspiration from the dragon blood tree. The dragon blood tree is a prehistoric looking tree that grows in arid, dry climates. It has wide branches that form umbrella looking tops that provide wide swatches of shade on the ground below. Influx_Studio chose the dragon blood precisely for this reason. They needed a wide platform that could hold the sizeable solar panels that they would need to help power the tree.
This young French team through trial and error realized that solar power would not be sufficient enough to fully power their trees. They decided that kinetic energy derived from human interaction would serve as an ancillary power source because of its simplicity. The team then concluded that by making their tree interactive it would beckon passersby to play with it. The Boston Treepods Initiative also proposed for the trees to be placed in groups or pods because this will increase their effectiveness. Joined together by see-saws and hammocks, the grouping of artificial trees instantly creates a small, but inviting urban park. As the hammocks and see-saws are used by visitors kinetic energy is created, thus helping power the CO2 extracting pumps.
If the city of Boston were to benefit from the Treepods, the concept could be easily and cheaply replicated in polluted cities all over the world. The Treepods could be exceptionally beneficial in cities where smog levels are so high that natural trees and plants have a difficult time growing in. Treepods could also be successful in creating a healthier environment for people and animals in and around the city. Respiratory illnesses would also most likely drop in numbers.
What other places do you think could benefit from Treepods? And what other types of air cleaning devices can you design? We'll keep an eye out for Treepods coming to a city corner near you!
Categories: Sustainability
Tags:,,,,
16 Responses to "TREEPODS Carbon-Scrubbing Artificial Trees for Boston City Streets"
 1. Jessica Says:
 Form following function at it's best. Who wouldn't want to add trees that are art to their backyard? Boston is a natural choice.
 2. Kindex Says:
 How come there's not a nobel prize for this guys?
 They could sell the idea to ONU, or something, to try this at world's most polluted cities – São Paulo being one of them – and share an technology that would, maybe, save the world sometimes.
 Beyond the fact, of course, that we would be marching to a sci-fi future hehe
 Loved it!
 3. Marcus Says:
 What amazing technology! I would love to see these in Boston and especially in LA where my three year old nephew is being raised. Great post, Liz!
 4. Paul Says:
 What kind of power do they require? I might have a solution other than kenitic. I will need specifications of amperage and voltage.
 5. Árboles sintéticos que captan CO2 para tranformarlo en Oxígeno Says:
 [...] Árboles sintéticos que captan CO2 para tranformarlo en Oxígeno… por igle hace 4 segundos [...]
 6. Armida Rosiak Says:
 Nice, been looking for what seems like an eternity.
 7. Ecover Looks At Air-Filtering TREEPODS For Urban Dwellers! | Ecoverus Blog Says:
 [...] Mario Caceres and Cristian Canonico created these beautiful and unique TREEPODS for the SHIFTboston urban intervention contest. The TREEPODS harness biomimicry to duplicate the carbon filtration that trees carry out. The [...]
 8. Jesus P. Las Marias Says:
 I am an advocate of rainwater harvesting (RWH) and artificial recharge systems (ARS) as a mitigating measures to the deleterious effects of deforestation. RWH gathers the rain for various purposes and ARS stores the rainwater in the aquifers to help prevent downstream flooding; the main function of trees' root systems. I suggest that apart from carbon sequestration, please include also these features in your artificial trees to approximate the function of trees. This way, a single unit of an artificial tree would help solve a lot of ecological problems brought by wanton destruction of our forests.
 And if you come up with the favorable design, may I request that the Philippines would be one of the first to test the prototype as we have been experiencing catastrophes as a result of massive rainfall and irresponsible cutting of trees.
 Thank you can best regards.
 9. Kent S. Kokko Says:
 As a chemist, I find the description of the treepods long on hyperbole and short on science. It is not apparent what becomes of the carbon dioxide. Is it reduced to carbon compounds and oxygen? Is it merely absorbed and sequested? THe explanation of "humidity swing" is meaningless.
 If the CO2 is merely absorbed ande not reduced, what is the purpose of the photovoltaics? Is the electricity used to drive pumps? Is the absorbed CO2 pumped to a caustic solution to convert it to carbonates?
 Is there really anything more to this than public sculptures lit with photovoltaics?
 10. Sensacional! Eu quero uma! « Jac Sanchotene Says:
 [...] Read our blog entry on Boston Treepods. [...]
 11. Welsch Théo Says:
 We are a french high school students group in scientific studies and we decided to eye the "Boston Treepods" system and its chemical reactions in a personal project.
 Unfortunatly, we couldn't found lots of details or references about the different components, consequently we can't really analyse it. We would like to know if someone could help us by telling us details about boston treepods.
 Thank you, in advance for the time you've spent looking at our request.
 12. Lauren Snelling Says:
 I am working with a team of producers to create an outdoor installation for a sustainable design event in Florida, USA in Jan 2014. We believe the intelligent TREEPODS would be a perfect contribution. Are you still working to create these structures for urban environments? Please send me cost and timeline estimates for creating, manufacturing, shipping and installing up to six Treepod structures. I understand these 'trees' are designed for permanent installation.
 Many thanks and all best,
 13. Elizabeth Tereshko Says:
 Dear Lauren,
 SHIFTboston does not sell or manufacture Treepods. We are simply an organization reporting on innovative designs local and international.
 14. Dr.Vidur Sahgal Says:
 I have been following this development ever since I saw a prototype tested in a stadium some years ago on TV. Can I please ask if you are ready to license the technology for production in India.
 CO2 to O2 without outside energy is an amazing invention. Hope


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- A Prehistoric evergreen that keeps coming back to life!
- Grows in one day! Unconditionally guaranteed to grow!
- Can "sleep" for fifty years and spring back to life in one day!
Take the amazing Dinosaur Plant out of its home for days, months, even years-then give it water, and it will ROAR back to life!
The Amazing Dinosaur Plant is one of the longest-living plants in the world! This plant actually lived when the first dinosaurs emerged. At that time, this plant would grow to over 120 feet, taller than even a Tyrannosaurus Rex!
When the ice age came, the Dinosaur Plant had to mutate and get really small. In order to survive, it learned how to blow onto dry land and sleep, waiting for water. Usually the plant drifted around until it stumbled into a puddle. Then the plant "drank" greedily, and went back sleep until it found the next puddle.
The Dinosaur Plant is very easy to care for. All it needs is a little water and some occasional sleep. Simply place the plant in its bowl with New Mexico lava rock (included), pour some water on the plant and it will spring to life within one day! If you let the Dinosaur Plant dry out, it will shrink back to its sleeping state. It can sleep for up to fifty years and will still rise when you place it in water! A fun project for the entire family to enjoy!
The Amazing Dinosaur Plant includes a live plant, bag of genuine volcanic lava rock, display bowl, and instructions. Appropriate for ages 4+. Dinosuar Plant Instructions


Self Quiz for Prokaryotic Cell Anatomy: Flagella
Study the material in this section and then write out the answers to these questions.
Do not just click on the answers and write them out. This will not test your understanding of this tutorial.
1. Describe the basic structure of a bacterial flagellum and state its function. (ans)
2. Define taxis. (ans)
3. Matching:
_____ surrounded by flagella (ans)
_____ a single flagellum at both ends (ans)
_____ periplasmic flagella found only in spirochetes (ans)
A. monotrichous
B. amphitrichous
C. lophotrichous
D. peritrichous
E. axial filaments
4. State how bacterial flagella may play a role in the initiation of innate immune defenses. (ans)
5. Briefly describe how bacterial flagella and chemotaxis may play a role in the pathogenocity of some bacteria. (ans)
6. Multiple Choice (ans)
Doc Kaiser's Microbiology Home Page
Copyright © Gary E. Kaiser
All Rights Reserved
Updated: March, 2014
Please send comments and inquiries to Dr. Gary Kaiser


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Ultrafast optical measurements of spin polarization in semiconductors
University of Michigan
We are interested in understanding mechanisms that generate and manipulate electron spin polarization in non-magnetic materials using applied electric fields. In this talk, I will describe optical techniques that can measure the magnitude and direction of spin-orbit fields and electrically-generated spin polarization in non-magnetic semiconductors and the modification of the electron spin precession frequency in a bulk semiconductor using an applied in-plane electric field . These techniques can sensitively measure and distinguish changes in the electron g-factor from changes in the effective magnetic fields produced by spin-orbit splitting and nuclear spin polarization. I will also discuss our recent development of resonant and time-resolved spin noise spectroscopy, which uses a train of short laser pulses to measure the spin correlation function with a temporal resolution that is limited by the optical pulse duration .
 B. M. Norman et al., Phys. Rev. Lett 112, 056601 (2014)
 M. Luengo-Kovac et al., Phys. Rev. B 91, 201110(R) (2015)
 B. C. Pursley et al., arXiv:1508.07383.
2400 Computer and Space Sciences
College Park, MD 20742


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Big Harp Little Harp Sign
The first known serial killers in American history were the Harp boys. During the years of the Revolutionary War, the two cousins went on an indiscriminate killing rampage, killing anyone who got in their way. They killed infants, including their own, children, women and numerous men. They killed for the sake of killing.
by Doris Lane
Harp's Hill is near the Pond River in western Muhlenberg County, Ky., not far from Highway 62. There is a crossing in the road near Dixon named Harp's Head and one of the crossing roads is named Harp's Head Road. Some miles away, the precise location lost to time, there is a cave known as Harp's House. To tell how these places earned their names is to tell the story of Micajah (Big) and Wiley (Little) Harp, America's first known serial killers.
They passed for brothers, but were cousins, sons of brothers John and William Harpe, Scottish immigrants to Orange County, N.C. The boys were named William (Micajah/Big), son of John, and Joshua (Wiley/Little), son of William. Big Harp and Little Harp left home as young men in 1775, aiming to become overseers of slaves in Virginia. Career plans diverted by the American Revolution, the Harps instead became Tory outlaws in a gang that roved the North Carolina countryside, raping farmers' daughters, pillaging livestock and crops, and burning farmhouses. In the attempted kidnapping of one young girl by a Tory rape gang, Little Harp was shot and wounded by local Patriot Captain James Wood.


text: We used a smartphone to construct three-dimensional (3D) models of keloids, then quantitatively simulate and evaluate these tissues. We uploaded smartphone photographs of 33 keloids on the chest, shoulder, neck, limbs, or abdomen of 28 patients. We used the parallel computing power of a graphics processing unit to calculate the spatial co-ordinates of each pixel in the cloud, then generated 3D models. We obtained the longest diameter, thickness, and volume of each keloid, then compared these data to findings obtained by traditional methods. Measurement repeatability was excellent: intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.998 for longest diameter, 0.978 for thickness, and 0.993 for volume. When measuring the longest diameter and volume, the results agreed with Vernier caliper measurements and with measurements obtained after the injection of water into the cavity. When measuring thickness, the findings were similar to those obtained by ultrasound. Bland-Altman analyses showed that the ratios of 95% confidence interval extremes were 3.03% for longest diameter, 3.03% for volume, and 6.06% for thickness. Smartphones were used to acquire data that was then employed to construct 3D models of keloids; these models yielded quantitative data with excellent reliability and validity. The smartphone can serve as an additional tool for keloid diagnosis and research, and will facilitate medical treatment over the internet. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.