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What are they?
Commonly worn by competitive powerlifters and bodybuilders, knee wraps are made of the same elastic material that is typically found in wrist wraps. They are designed to be wrapped around the knee in a spiral or diagonal method for use in squats.
The reason knee wraps are so highly valued by powerlifters is that they allow more weight to be lifted in the squat. How? During the eccentric (downwards) phase of the squat, the tightness of the wraps allows for a high amount of elastic energy to be stored, which can subsequently be released during the concentric (upwards) phase-resulting in heavier and faster squats. Furthermore, knee wraps are believed to reduce stress and pulling forces on the quadriceps tendon, which is attached to the quadriceps and the patella (the kneecap). When you squat, the tendon pulls on the patella. Reducing the stress on the tendon helps to avoid detaching your tendon from the patella, or tearing your quads altogether, which are both quite nasty injuries. Considering the monster weights that competitive powerlifters move around in the squat, it seems sensible why powerlifters choose to squat with leg wraps. Knee wraps make it possible for you to teach through some accidental injuries. I experienced an interval where any squat harm my legs, and wraps allowed me to teach pain-free. Actually, hook them up to from 145 on up. Obviously they didn't heal the root problem, however, they did let me keep training as I had fashioned a laser concentrate on hitting 615+ covered comp squat.
- Training exclusively in wraps will hinder hip flexor development. There is no free lunch, so even if you use them to successfully train through an injury, you are probably setting yourself up for a different set of problems when it's all said and done.
- A hypothesis is that for certain body geometries, wraps will improve your squat technique. More vertical torso, perfect ankle/knee/hip alignment, etc. Part of this is storing energy in the wraps, part of it is probably proprioceptive feedback from the wraps.
- Sleeves aren't going to "protect" the knee in the same sense a belt protects the core; they are for keeping the joint warm. We'll say that a warm joint provides a favorable environment for the tendons and whatnot so they might protect against a rushed warm-up or cold room or something.
- Wraps also won't protect the knee, unless you are utterly lacking in depth control, in which case they will prevent you from going too deep and pushing something into a bad position. That being said, you will probably hurt yourself if you force extreme depth while wearing wraps.
- Found that wrapped wide box squats have carryover to off-the-floor strength in sumo deadlift. Might get similar carryover from high box squats without the wraps but then you'd be labeled a high squatter and who wants that.
If you're not going to compete in the wrapped squat, it might not be worth the effort to learn them. But if you are injured for some other reason, wraps could allow you to continue training (if you already know how to use them).
Anything that is substantial enough to mechanically support the knee joint is fundamentally the same. The only difference is the degree of support.


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Scientists have rules for naming everything from mushrooms to ice floes on Pluto. And that includes features on the bottom of the ocean: volcanoes, canyons, reefs, and many others.
For most of human history, naming features on the sea floor wasn't a problem. With a few exceptions, the features were hidden from view. And that didn't change in a major way until the invention of sonar in the last century, allowing scientists to discover thousands of features.
Individual scientists named many of the newly found features. But that created some confusion. Several features might share a name, for example, or one feature might have several names.
So in 1975, scientists created an international committee to assign names to features found outside the waters of individual countries. The committee develops guidelines for assigning names. And it works to align its names with those assigned by other groups over the years.
The guidelines say that names should be short, simple, and easy to use. They can honor scientists or others involved with marine exploration, or ships used to discover features. Groups of features can be given a collective name, with individual features following the theme. A chain of underwater volcanoes, for example, is known as Electricians Seamounts. Individual summits in the chain are named for scientists who did important work in the field of electricity, such as Volta and Ampere.
These guidelines help bring a little order to the amazing landscape at the bottom of the ocean.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
At present, the mainstream cement rockery production in China can be divided into two types according to different production processes: manual and die printing. The difference between the two methods lies in the description of mountain texture. The manual production method is to manually make the texture of rockery through the experience and imagination of production personnel; The mold printing method is to directly print the prepared mountain stone texture on the rockery (the rockery produced by this method is relatively rigid).
1、 Make skeleton
Rockery skeleton can be divided into steel skeleton and brick skeleton. Generally, medium and large cement rockeries need steel skeleton, and indoor, balcony, courtyard and other small rockeries can use brick skeleton.
1. Fabrication of steel framework: the main material is 50 × fifty × 5 angle steel, 30 for minor parts × thirty × 3. Angle steel shall be painted with rust paint for rust prevention treatment. The well shaped angle steel frame with a spacing of 1.5m shall be welded horizontally and vertically, and the connection shall be welded; Contact the external reinforcement frame part and weld the scissors support (reinforcement). The fabrication of steel framework requires electric welders
2. Brick skeleton making: it is built with waste brick and stone materials, and the shape of brick and stone masonry is roughly the same as that of the rockery model designed by the designer. In order to save materials, an empty stone chamber can be built in the masonry, and then the top can be covered with reinforced concrete slab, leaving door openings and vents. When the masonry embryo is completely built.
2、 Laying steel wire mesh
The steel wire mesh used in the production of cement rockery is generally 6mm mesh, and the wire diameter between 0.3-0.5mm is more suitable. After the skeleton is made, use Φ 6. Steel wire mesh shall be made of round steel, and the steel wire mesh grid shall be controlled at 18 × 18-25 × About 25cm2, shape the natural shape of initial convex concave fluctuation according to the model.
After the steel wire mesh covers the rockery, the specification will be 3 × 1 / 4 (4 mesh) iron wire, firmly bind the steel wire mesh to the rockery skeleton.
Picture of rockery steel wire mesh after laying
3、 Mountain plastering
Hang cement mortar to form stone veins and wrinkles. Fiber can be added to the cement mortar to increase the surface tensile force and reduce cracks. After the iron wire binding is completed, the base course shall be plastered with concrete mortar, with a thickness of about 1-1.5cm; After the primary plastering, the secondary plastering shall be carried out with a thickness of about 1.5cm. After the two layers of plastering of the exposed part of the rockery are completed, the mortar inside the rockery shall be plastered in time, with a thickness of about 1cm.
4、 Mountain modeling
1. Mold making:
(1) Select the natural mountain and clean the surface first to ensure that the surface is free of soil and impurities.
(2) During the process of solid wax brushing, the solidified and liquid wax flows out of the blank, is heated and melted in the ratio of 1:2, and is brushed on the surface as an isolating agent. (it shall be uniform and considerate, and can be brushed twice, but there is no wax mark)
(3) The mold glue can be synthesized by stirring with the ratio of polyurethane glue a and B 1:1.5. Brush the rock surface with a brush (pay attention to uniform thickness)
(4) During the initial setting of a layer of glue, stick it on the stone with fiber cloth (cut into small pieces with white holes of 0.2mm ~ 0.25mm),
Then brush the second layer of glue on the fiber cloth (for better combination with the third layer), and then brush the third layer of glue, which can be thicker, but do not expose the cloth wire or cloth stubble, and be flat. So the soft mold is finished.
2. Rockery texture printing:
When printing rockery texture, we must master the "fire" of concrete mortar, which can not be too dry or too wet. When the concrete mortar is dry to about 80%, printing rockery texture is a good time.
According to the position and function of the molded mountain stone, appropriate iron oxide pigment is selected for modulation and coloring. When the plastic stone is not completely dry, mix the basic tone with pigment powder and cement, add water, and sprinkle and dye layer by layer. The coloring steps are as follows:
(1) Spray closed background color;
(2) Primary color (3 layers);
(3) Secondary complementary color (dark color);
(4) Spray oil seal color.
Sprinkle a little darker color on the stone joint hole or internal corner. When the plastic stone is 90% dry, sprinkle a little green, black or white spots with different sizes and densities on the depression to enhance the three-dimensional and natural feeling.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
A Closer Look at Decision and Analyst Error by Including Nonlinearities in Discrete Choice Models: Implications on Willingness-to-Pay Estimates Derived from Discrete Choice Data in Healthcare
- Esther W. de Bekker-GrobAffiliated withDepartment of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam Email author
-, John M. RoseAffiliated withThe University of Sydney Business School, The University of Sydney
-, Michiel C. J. BliemerAffiliated withThe University of Sydney Business School, The University of Sydney
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Most researchers in health economics cite random utility theory (RUT) when analysing discrete choice experiments (DCEs). Under RUT, the error term is associated with the analyst's inability to properly capture the true choice processes of the respondent as well as the inconsistency or mistakes arising from the respondent themselves. Under such assumptions, it stands to reason that analysts should explore more complex nonlinear indirect utility functions, than currently used in healthcare, to strive for better estimates of preferences in healthcare.
To test whether complex indirect utility functions decrease error variance for models that either implicitly (i.e. the multinomial logit (MNL) model) or explicitly (i.e. entropy multinomial logit (EMNL) model) account for error variance in health(care)-related DCEs; and to determine the impact of complex indirect utility functions on willingness-to-pay (WTP) measures.
Using data from DCEs aimed at healthcare-related decisions, we empirically compared (1) complex and simple indirect utility specifications in terms of goodness of fit, (2) their impact on WTP measures, including confidence intervals (CIs) based on the Delta method, the Krinsky and Robb-procedure, and Bootstrapping, and (3) MNL and EMNL model results.
Complex indirect utility functions had a better model fit than simple specifications (p < 0.05). WTP estimates were quite similar across alternative specifications. The Delta method produced the most narrow CIs. The EMNL model showed that respondents apply simplifying strategies when answering DCE questions.
Complex indirect utility functions reduce error arisen from researchers, which can have important implications for measures in healthcare such as the WTP, whereas EMNL provides insights into the behaviour of respondents when answering DCEs. Understanding how respondents answer DCE questions may allow researchers to construct DCEs that minimise scale differences, so that the decision error made across respondents is more homogeneous and therefore taken out as additional noise in the data. Hence, better estimates of preferences in healthcare can be provided.
- A Closer Look at Decision and Analyst Error by Including Nonlinearities in Discrete Choice Models: Implications on Willingness-to-Pay Estimates Derived from Discrete Choice Data in Healthcare
Volume 31, Issue 12, pp _PHONE_
- Cover Date
- Print ISSN
- Online ISSN
- Springer International Publishing
- Additional Links
- Industry Sectors
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- 2. The University of Sydney Business School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia


text:
Connection of geomagnetic activity with solar wind velocity and concentration under conditions of "quasi-viscous" interaction.
It is shown that there exists a direct correlation between the planetary index of magnetic activity and the solar-wind concentration and velocity under conditions of quasi-viscous interaction of the solar wind with the earth's magnetosphere. The empirical relations derived are found to be in good agreement with theoretical estimates of the energy flux imparted to the magnetosphere by such processes.
Geomagnetism and Aeronomy
- Pub Date:
- August 1980
- Earth Magnetosphere;
- Solar Terrestrial Interactions;
- Solar Wind Velocity;
- Correlation Detection;
- Flux Density;
- International Sun Earth Explorer 1;
- International Sun Earth Explorer 2;
- Radiant Flux Density;
- Geomagnetic Field:Solar Wind;
- Solar Wind:Velocities


'It's really scary to be in a psych ward'
Chris Curran's teenage sister was put on a waiting list for months to see a psychologist about her depression.
"She couldn't get in to see a psychologist, there was so much waiting,'' he recalls.
"Then when she finally got an appointment the psychologist was sick.''
A week after that missed meeting, Jane Curran tragically died of suicide.
She had just finished Year 12, and was barely 17 years old.
Four years later, her big brother is campaigning for improvements to a mental health system that sees too many lives lost to suicide.
News Corp Australia this week launched Mental Health 360, bringing together mental health experts and those touched by it first-hand.
Panel experts include former Australian of the Year Professor Patrick McGorry, Sydney University's Professor Ian Hickie, child psychiatrist Professor Jon Jureidini, Chris Turton who lost his son Dan to suicide, Kids Helpline CEO Tracy Adams and country music star and Rural Advisory Mental Health Program ambassador Melinda Schneider.
Together with senior journalists Sue Dunlevy, Ben Pike, Natasha Bita and Kathy McCabe, Mental Health 360 dissect what is arguably the biggest issue impacting Australians.
We spoke to four young Australians, who volunteer as advisers to Kids Helpline, about the causes of mental health problems, and the best ways to help.
George Thurston, 21, Chris Curran, 25, Tianna Stevens, 21, and Fern Garvey, 22, have all struggled with mental illness. Picture: Tara Croser
Chris worries that suicide is still a "taboo topic'', and advises parents, teachers and friends to stay calm and communicative when children try to talk about their troubles.
"We need to try to change the way we react … there is still a stigma, and we need to turn it from an awkward conversation to a warm, open conversation,'' he says.
"When young people try to reach out for help you need to listen, be open, let them speak, acknowledge and thank them for providing that information.''
George Thurston, 21, has known boys who deliberately injured themselves to get a break from competitive sport.
"In sports clubs they sometimes bully the players to make them tougher and work harder, and that also applies a lot of pressure,'' he says.
"Boys injure themselves on purpose because they get wrapped up in sport and the only way to stop is to break an arm so they can take a month off.
"I spent my life playing sport but there is nothing in any sporting club about mental health.
"Even at school there was no clear pathway to go - a lot of people stop after one or two steps and don't reach out for the help they need in time.''
George warns that teenage boys and young men can find it hard to talk about their feelings.
"All they're told is, 'Build a bridge and get over it', or 'Drink a bucket of cement and harden up' so that is ingrained in young men,'' he says.
"If you're told that by people you trust, immediately you think what you're doing is wrong and you stop looking for help.
"It should be normalised to go and get help.''
Fern Garvey, 22, who was left with a disability after a car accident four years ago, is gender diverse and has been diagnosed with a personality disorder.
Psychiatric visits cost $340 a session, and although Medicare covers some of the cost, Fern fears that many young Australians can't afford the gap fee.
"There are long waiting lists, and so many people I know can't afford therapy and then struggle and get to the point of suicide,'' Fern says.
"You can't go see a psychiatrist without having a lot of money.
"A lot of people I know are poor at uni and they can't afford it, and they're the ones who need help.
"The people who need the services aren't getting them.''
Fern said that young people with mental health issues need early treatment.
"You shouldn't have to end up in hospital to be taken seriously,'' Fern says.
"We need to make it safer and easier for people to talk.''
Tianna Stevens, 21, was severely bullied from the time she started school, and attempted suicide at 15.
"I was getting pushed around, getting my head bashed into bubblers, but my parents didn't believe me - they said everyone gets bullied,'' she recalls.
"I'd come home and cry myself to sleep every night.
"It took 10 years of school for people to take it seriously - it was when I ended up in hospital after I tried to take my life that they took it seriously.''
Tianna's mother then studied a Diploma of Counselling to help her daughter through her crisis.
Kids Helpline Chief Executive Tracy Adams.
Kids Helpline Chief Executive Tracy Adams.
Tianna wants governments to set up special psychiatric wards for teenagers and young adults, as it is "scary'' for teens to be turned away from paediatric wards and sent to adult mental health units.
"It's really scary to be in a psychiatric ward, it's the most terrible, traumatic, lonely experience you could have,'' she says.
Now studying a Bachelor of Arts, Tianna is on the Dean's list for academic excellence at the University of Queensland, yet struggles with the isolation of learning online during the COVID-19 pandemic.
"When you have anxiety you do catastrophise,'' she explains.
"You start to doubt your entire future, worry about university, employment, money, Centrelink, the future, the idea that you're not valued in society, are you going to be homeless?
"You bully yourself, you doubt everything.''
Tianna says parents tend to "blame themselves'' for a child's mental health issues, but need to keep encouraging their kids.
"Parents try to 'fix it', but just tell me you love me and will be there for me,'' she says.
"Don't stop believing your kid can still be happy and live a normal life and achieve things.
"The moment a parent or teacher stops believing in you, you stop believing in yourself.
"We just need one person to say, 'I have faith in you'.''
If you need help, see your GP or contact Kids Helpline by phone or online
1800 55 1800
For advice on anxiety and depression
In an emergency call 000
Originally published as 'It's really scary to be in a psych ward'


text: The history of the kingdom of Yaxchilan, situated on the banks of the Usumacinta River, extends for about 450 years, from 359AD until 808 AD, when it was gradually abandoned and swallowed by the inexorable jungle. It was not until 1892 when Alfred Maudsley became one of the first Europeans to admire the wonderful constructions, stelae and lintels. The Structure 12, with its façade towards the sunrise, is the construction from which the Lintel 48 comes from, which contains an initial set date whose glyphs are represented by heads and four periods of time (baktun, k'atun, winal and k'in) recorded with full body animal figures. The Long Count Calendar is 126.96.36.199.16, the equivalent to February 11, 526 AD, with the Calendar Round 2 Kib '19 Paax.Dra. Federica Sodi MirandaColaboradores: Arqlgo. Hugo Herrera Torres Araceli Ruiz Peláez Mtro. Hugo García Capistran.


text:
Hauling is the process of bringing an object to its designated place. There are several specific types of hauling, based on the type of item(s) to be hauled and determined by designating the specific labors on indivual dwarves.
Although not a term found in-game, hauler generally refers to a dwarf in fortress mode who has no labors enabled other than hauling. Once the dwarven economy starts, haulers are usually the poorest in the fortress as the hauling task only pays 1☼ per task completed. In large fortresses where there may be great distances for haulers to travel, individual hauling tasks may take a long time to complete, and so very little money is earned. Haulers are good candidates for cross-training to help improve their strength and agility attributes, which are important attributes for moving heavy objects across a fortress quickly.
Many larger fortresses use dedicated dwarves to do much of the hauling so that other, more specialized dwarves will spend more time in their workshops and less time dragging raw materials or finished products to the appropriate stockpile.
 Automatic hauling
Some hauling tasks do not require any hauling labor:
- A dwarf working at a workshop will gather the raw materials needed to produce wanted goods. However, produced goods require the appropriate hauling labor to be moved out of the workshop in order to avoid clutter. Dwarves producing goods at a workshop tend to keep producing them and will not necessarily clear their own workshops of clutter even when they have the appropriate hauling labor enabled.
- All adult civilian dwarves, including nobles, will bring goods to the depot.
- A moody dwarf will gather the raw materials needed for a mysterious construction.
- A dwarf
uilding something will move the needed materials to the construction site.
- Before a dwarf will build something, he will need to have the appropriate labor as specified by the task. If the dwarf is building a chair or similar, the dwarf needs Furniture Hauling; if the dwarf is building a wooden wall, it's Carpentry, and so forth. Workshops are usually constructed by any dwarf that can work in that workshop.
- An herbalist will haul any successfully-gathered plant to a stockpile immediately, if there is space available in one.
- Dwarves in the midst of eating will carry their meal to a table. Military dwarves, however, will eat directly off of the floor.
- Dwarves who have just finished drinking booze will return their barrel to the nearest food stockpile.
- Removing constructed objects will be done by all dwarves.
- Filling pits and ponds will be done by all dwarves.
- If you have the "All dwarves harvest" option turned on, all dwarves will help bring in the harvest, even if they don't have Food Hauling enabled.
 Stone hauling
Note: Dwarves, being the kind fellows they are, practically insist on hauling one of the farthest stones into your stockpiles. They tend to ignore eligible, nearby stones 'for the greater good of the fortress'. This selfless act often results in terribly long journeys, carrying just one stone. See the section on Stone management for tips on combatting this problem.
 Wood hauling
Dwarves with the wood hauling labor enabled will haul wood logs to the corresponding stockpiles.
DeforestationWood production can be sped up a lot by turning off wood hauling on your most skilled woodcutter who will focus exclusively on cutting down trees. This will however expose more of your dwarves as many wood haulers will go outside to retrieve the logs.
 Item hauling
 Food hauling
 Refuse hauling
Dwarves with the refuse hauling labor will haul rotting food, and non-dwarf bodyparts to refuse stockpiles. They will also dump marked items to the appropriate activity zone. Refuse hauling are subject to refuse orders ( : Set Orders and Options -> : Refuse Orders).
 Furniture hauling
 Animal hauling
 Tips and issues
In order to minimize hauling trips, stockpiles should be placed with care.
- Input and ouput stockpiles should be placed near corresponding workshops.
- Spoils of war: dwarves may haul entire bins full of items, or items individually. However, they are not smart enough to bin items in order to carry them, so this may end in numerous needless trips from deceased enemies to your fortress, each dwarf carrying one item at a time. To counter this:
- Place a small bin stockpile and a general purpose stockpile near the battlefield.
- When every spoil has been binned, remove the stockpiles, mark the filled bins for dumping, deactivate your usual garbage zone and create a new one in your fortress.
- When everything has been moved, reclaim your dumped items and restore your garbage zones as usual.
- Construction preparation: when constructing something big away from your fort (e.g. a road), the dwarf assigned to the construction (or architecture) will have to carry each item from your fort to the construction location, which can take a long time. By putting stockpiles near your construction project, many dwarves may participate in the hauling, thus dramatically increasing construction speed. Note that materials are allocated at the time of building, so be sure the stockpile is filled before placing the construction order, otherwise the materials will still have to come from afar.
- Consider specializing your haulers if possible - food haulers that orbit around the kitchen/dining room/farm area, stone haulers that orbit around the mines and furnaces, and (if possible/needed) wood haulers that do likewise with the carpenter shop. Turn off refuse hauling if that dwarf isn't going to be near areas likely to have refuse. This keeps the mine hauler from deciding to walk aaaallll the way over to the kitchens for one load, and then out to the forest for one, and then back to the smelters, and so on.
- Furthermore, you can handpick your specialized hauler, selecting them by their attributes. A wood hauler might be chosen because of his agility, since he might have to walk a lot of tiles to reach the forest, depending on the fortress and map layout. A stone hauler, on the other hand, might be chosen because of his strength so that he can pick up and carry heavy stones (such as gold and platinum) more quickly.
- The Grower profession can have a huge impact on hauling - see farming for a discussion.
To ensure that high-priority hauling tasks (like food, to clean up after get done quickly, you should employ a large number of haulers, and specialize them by having only one or two hauling labors enabled. This is most important for food hauling, where prepared meals in the kitchen often rot while your dwarves are hauling individual seeds left behind after someone eats a plump helmet, or if your hunters bring a herd of animals in for your butchers all at once.
The backlog problem is exacerbated by the fact that the hauling job queue is tied to how many haulers of each type you have; if 100 dwarves have food hauling enabled, up to 100 food hauling tasks can be in the queue, even if those dwarves are busy hauling stone, doing workshop tasks, sleeping, or doing anything else.Verify This is why hauling specialization is so important.
 Two stockpiles are better than one
For stockpiles that use bins or barrels, it is usually better to cut one large stockpile into a handful of smaller ones. This is because dwarves will only load one bin or barrel at a time, and may go idle for long periods while they wait for the next-chosen bin or barrel to actually get hauled to the stockpile before they can load it. By using several smaller stockpiles, haulers can retrieve and fill multiple bins or barrels simultaneously.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Objective: To identify the reasons for the large variation in renal clearance of mesalazine.
Design: Data were obtained from a randomised crossover bioequivalence study in 18 healthy volunteers.
Methods: Participants received a single 1000mg oral dose of each of two different formulations of prolonged release mesalazine (2 × 500mg tablets). The formulations had similar dissolution profiles in phosphate buffer pH 6.8. Plasma and urine mesalazine and acetylmesalazine concentrations were determined by validated methods involving high performance liquid chromatography analysis with mass spectrometric detection. Lower limits of quantification were 50 μg/L and 50 μg/L in plasma and 0.25 mg/L and 2 mg/L in urine, respectively.
Results: There was a large variability in the release and absorption of mesalazine from both formulations and in the subsequent renal clearance of mesalazine. There was a clear distinction (p = 0.0009) in renal clearance between volunteers who showed slow mesalazine absorption with subsequent low clearance [0.006 to 0.5 L/h (0.1 to 8 ml/min)] and those who showed more extensive absorption followed by higher renal clearance [0.5 to 6 L/h (8 to 100 ml/min)]. Active tubular reabsorption with a saturable maximum must be the explanation for this difference in renal clearance. The metabolite acetylmesalazine is cleared renally via glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion, resulting in a clearance of 12 to 18 L/h (200 to 300 ml/min).
Conclusion: The renal clearance of mesalazine proceeds via the processes of glomerular filtration and active tubular reabsorption. Tubular reabsorption shows saturation at an area under the plasma concentration-time curve of 4 mg/L·h with an excreted amount of 2mg, resulting in a threshold clearance of 0.5 L/h (8 ml/min). This finding explains the dosage-dependent renal clearance of mesalazine reported in the literature, but has no clear clinical implications.
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Bondesen S, Rasmussen SN, Rask-Madsen J, et al. 5-Aminosalicylic acid in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Acta Med Scand 1987; 221: 227–42PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diener U, Tuczek HV, Fischer C, et al. Renal function was not impaired by treatment with 5-aminosalicylic acid in rats and man. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1984; 326: 278–82Pu


text:
Abstract—Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have revolutionized the world of distributed systems and enabled many new applications. And, measurement data or information exchanges happened in WSNs without location information are meaningless. It is extremely urgent to establish and maintain low cost and high efficient localization schemes for real-time large-scale surveillance systems. In this work, an improved DV-hop (Distance Vector-hop) based localization scheme IDV-hop (improved DV-hop) embedded in WLS (weighted least square) method is proposed for the purpose of surrounding surveillance, object localization for early warning, rescue operations and restructuring plan et al. Two critical parameters, correction coefficient kc and weighted coefficient ws,i, are introduced into IDV-hop scheme to improve location performance. And then, NS-2 simulations demonstrate that analysis results match well with simulation results. Besides, performance comparisons of IDV-hop scheme with other DV-hop based schemes are also proposed. Analysis and comparison results show that localization delay and accuracy of IDV-hop is improved largely relative to other schemes, especially for higher node density.
Copyright © 2013-2023 Journal of Communications, All Rights Reserved


On this page:
13.1 Test Configuration by Submodule
13.2 Test Configuration by "info.rkt"
13.3 Responsible-Party and Varying-Output Logging
13 raco test: Run tests
The raco test command requires and runs the (by default) test submodule associated with each path given on the command line. Command-line flags can control which submodule is run, whether to run the main module if no submodule is found, and whether to run tests directly, in separate processes (the default), or in separate places. The current directory is set to a test file's directory before running the file.
When an argument path refers to a directory, raco test recursively discovers and runs all files within the directory that end in a module suffix (see get-module-suffixes, but the suffixes always include ".rkt", ".scrbl", ".ss", and ".scm") or have a (possibly empty) list of command-line arguments provided by test-command-line-arguments in an "info.rkt" file, or as directed by test-include-paths in an "info.rkt" file. At the same time, raco test omits files and directories within a directory as directed by test-omit-paths in an "info.rkt" file.
A test is counted as failing if it logs a failing test code via test-log!, causes Racket to exit with a non-zero exit code, or (when -e or --check-stderr is specified) if it produces output on the error port.
The raco test command accepts several flags:
Changed in version 1.1 of package compiler-lib: Added --heartbeat.
Changed in version 1.4: Changed recognition of module suffixes to use get-module-suffixes, which implies recognizing ".ss" and ".rkt".
Changed in version 1.5: Added ++ignore-stderr.
Changed in version 1.6: Added ++arg and ++args.
Changed in version 1.8: Added --output and -o.
Changed in version 1.11: Added --output and --make/-y.
13.1 Test Configuration by Submodule
When raco test runs a test in a submodule, a config sub-submodule can provide additional configuration for running the test. The config sub-submodule should use the info module language to define the following identifiers:
In order to prevent evaluation of a file for testing purposes, it suffices to create a submodule that does not perform any tests and does not trigger the evaluation of the enclosing module. So, for instance, a file might look like this:
#lang racket

(/ 1 0)

; don't run this file for testing:
(module test racket/base)
Changed in version 1.5 of package compiler-lib: Added ignore-stderr support.
13.2 Test Configuration by "info.rkt"
Submodule-based test configuration is preferred (see Test Configuration by Submodule). In particular, to prevent raco test from running a particular file, normally the file should contain a submodule that takes no action.
In some cases, however, adding a submodule is inconvenient or impossible (e.g., because the file will not always compile). Thus, raco test also consults any "info.rkt" file in the candidate test file's directory. In the case of a file within a collection, "info.rkt" files from any enclosing collection directories are also consulted for test-omit-paths and test-include-paths. Finally, for a file within a package, the package's "info.rkt" is consulted for pkg-authors to set the default responsible parties (see Responsible-Party and Varying-Output Logging) for all files in the package.
The following "info.rkt" fields are recognized:
Changed in version 1.5 of package compiler-lib: Added test-ignore-stderrs support.
13.3 Responsible-Party and Varying-Output Logging
When a test has a declared responsible party, then the test's output is prefixed with a
 raco test:which @(test-responsible 'responsible)
line, where which is a space followed by an exact non-negative number indicating a parallel task when parallelism is enabled (or empty otherwise), and responsible is a string, symbol, or list datum.
When a test's output (as written to stdout) is expected to vary across runs—aside from varying output that has the same form as produced by timethen it should be declared as varying. In that case, the test's output is prefixed with a
 raco test:which @(test-random #t)
line.


The balance is part of the escapement, which is the organ responsible for both letting down the wound power of the mainspring, and regulating timekeeping. The "hourglass" sort of clip over the round jewel is a spring clip designed to allow some free play of the balance staff during vertical and horizontal movement of the pivot, and serves as shock protection. The thin coils represent the balance spring or "hairspring," the length of which will determine the frequency with which the balance wheel will oscillate. A small portion of the balance wheel is seen at the extreme lower left as an arc. The toothed wheel is part of the gear train.
Electronwatch
d


text:
Pupils win the debate on Europe
Ten school teams of pupils from years 5 and 6 in primary and middle schools in Bedford took part in the inaugural debates of The Bedford Junior Debate Academy.
Despite strong spirited and imaginative opposition from Cauldwell Primary School, the team from Livingstone Primary succeeded in persuading the audience that Britain should remain a full member of the European Union.
Other topics debated included proposals that we should end financial inequality by encouraging the rich to share their wealth with the poor (won), that there should be greater restrictions on the use of social media for children under 16 (lost), and that the voting age should be lowered to 12 years of age (won). A further motion that teachers should be replaced by computers was opposed vigorously by the team from Putnoe Primary School, as a result of which the motion was lost - to the great relief of the teachers present!
The chairman's awards for the best proposition team went to Queens Park Academy, and for the best opposition team to Cauldwell Primary.
The organiser of the event, Dr Tony Wood of the English-Speaking Union, praised the young debaters.
He said: "This is the first time a formal inter-school debating competition for children this young has been held in Bedfordshire. They were magnificent."


a Parent object can use a Guardian object because the wipe_nose method called on either a Parent or Guardian object means "Grab a tissue, then hang on to your kid."
Alternately, you can slice all of these behaviors into more meaningful and smaller units of behavior: GoodHygiene could include the cover_your_mouth method and the wipe_nose and the brush_teeth methods. Perhaps they act on the invocant by default, so you can compose that role into any Person class -- but perhaps there's a role which represents performing good hygiene principles on a kid. Perhaps not. It depends.
Perhaps your Parent is also the Guardian for a grandparent. Perhaps your Parent is the Child of a grandparent. Perhaps your Child does babysitting for even younger children.
How do you model those relationships with an inheritance hierarchy?
The important question is not "How do these entities relate to each other in a static taxonomy?" but rather "What do you do?"
Next time: roles versus duck-typing.


XCLIPBOARD(1) XCLIPBOARD(1)
NAME
 xclipboard - X clipboard client
SYNOPSIS
 xclipboard [ -toolkitoption ... ] [ -w ] [ -nw ]
DESCRIPTION
 The xclipboard program is used to collect and display text selections
 that are sent to the CLIPBOARD by other clients. It is typically used
 to save CLIPBOARD selections for later use. It stores each CLIPBOARD
 selection as a separate string, each of which can be selected. Each
 time CLIPBOARD is asserted by another application, xclipboard transfers
 the contents of that selection to a new buffer and displays it in the
 text window. Buffers are never automatically deleted, so you'll want
 to use the delete button to get rid of useless items.
 Since xclipboard uses a Text Widget to display the contents of the
 clipboard, text sent to the CLIPBOARD may be re-selected for use in
 other applications. xclipboard also responds to requests for the CLIP-
 BOARD selection from other clients by sending the entire contents of
 the currently displayed buffer.
 An xclipboard window has the following buttons across the top:
 quit When this button is pressed, xclipboard exits.
 delete When this button is pressed, the current buffer is deleted and
 the next one displayed.
 new Creates a new buffer with no contents. Useful in constructing
 a new CLIPBOARD selection by hand.
 save Displays a File Save dialog box. Pressing the Accept button
 saves the currently displayed buffer to the file specified in
 the text field.
 next Displays the next buffer in the list.
 previous
 Displays the previous buffer.
OPTIONS
 The xclipboard program accepts all of the standard X Toolkit command
 line options as well as the following:
 -w This option indicates that lines of text that are too long to
 be displayed on one line in the clipboard should wrap around to
 the following lines.
 -nw This option indicates that long lines of text should not wrap
 around. This is the default behavior.
WIDGETS
 In order to specify resources, it is useful to know the hierarchy of
 the widgets which compose xclipboard. In the notation below, indenta-
 tion indicates hierarchical structure. The widget class name is given
 first, followed by the widget instance name.
 XClipboard xclipboard
 Form form
 Command Quit
 Command delete
 Command new
 Command Save
 Command next
 Command prev
 Label index
 Text text
 TransientShell fileDialogShell
 Dialog fileDialog
 Label label
 Command accept
 Command cancel
 Text value
 TransientShell failDialogShell
 Dialog failDialog
 Label label
 Command continue
SENDING/RETRIEVING CLIPBOARD CONTENTS
 Text is copied to the clipboard whenever a client asserts ownership of
 the CLIPBOARD selection. Text is copied from the clipboard whenever a
 client requests the contents of the CLIPBOARD selection. Examples of
 event bindings that a user may wish to include in a resource configura-
 tion file to use the clipboard are:
 *VT100.Translations: #override \
 <Btn3Up>: select-end(CLIPBOARD) \n\
 <Btn2Up>: insert-selection(PRIMARY,CLIPBOARD) \n\
 <Btn2Down>: ignore ()
SEE ALSO
 X(7), xcutsel(1), xterm(1), individual client documentation for how to
 make a selection and send it to the CLIPBOARD.
ENVIRONMENT
 DISPLAY to get the default host and display number.
 XENVIRONMENT
 to get the name of a resource file that overrides the global
 resources stored in the RESOURCE_MANAGER property.
FILES
 /usr/X11R7/lib/X11/app-defaults/XClipboard
 specifies required resources
AUTHOR
 Ralph R. Swick, DEC/MIT Project Athena
 Chris D. Peterson, MIT X Consortium
 Keith Packard, MIT X Consortium
 X Version 11 XCLIPBOARD(1)
You can also request any man page by name and (optionally) by section:
Command:
Section:
Architecture:
Collection:

Use the DEFAULT collection to view manual pages for third-party software.
©1994 Man-cgi 1.15, Panagiotis Christias
©_PHONE_ Modified for NetBSD by Kimmo Suominen


text:
What Does the Kentico Cloud TypeScript SDK Offer?
The Kentico Cloud TypeScript SDK offers tooling that enables the clean and easy consumption of the Delivery API by providing three core features:
- Strongly-typed base models for the core Delivery objects
- An extensible Delivery client API that makes querying easy
- Customizable resolvers for resolving URL slugs and modular content
In addition to these SDK features, there's also a code generator available to help you easily and automatically generate strongly typed models for your Kentico Cloud project. This can help you save some serious time building out the models for your content types. Both the SDK and the code generator are available as npm packages.
Strongly-typed Base Models
The base models provided in the SDK enable you to get moving quickly. They cover the basics, like the base content item, the system properties, and field types (text field, Multiple choice field, Date/Time field, etc.). These make it easy to build out your content type models easily. As previously mentioned, you can use the Kentico Cloud model generator utility to generate your models automatically. For example, a simple blog content item might look something like:
Extensible Client API
The TypeScript SDK also provides a robust implementation of the Delivery API. It provides a configurable Delivery client that supports:
- Getting data using the observable or promise patterns
- Using query parameters such as content type, depth, limit, order, etc.
- Filtering content items by element value with filters such as equals, greater than, range, etc.
- Sorting results
- Getting localized items (for projects with multiple languages)
Using that same blog post model, the code to retrieve all blog posts would look like this:
How Do I Use It?
Richard also built a second, more complex example. This example demonstrates the use of the Kentico Cloud TypeScript SDK in a simple Angular app. If you're familiar with Angular, this might be a good place to start.
If React is more your style, stay tuned! I'm putting together a sample site built on React with the TypeScript SDK. It's designed to show a complete example using the default content you get when you first sign up for Kentico Cloud.
The Kentico Cloud TypeScript SDK will continue to evolve based on Kentico Cloud updates and community direction, feedback, and pull requests. The Kentico Cloud team is also looking to add SDKs for other programming languages. If you have any ideas or an SDK you developed that you want to make available to everyone, let us know in the forums! In the meantime, why not grab the latest version of the SDK and the generator utility from npm and get started on your own project!


text:
公式タイトルと情報はIP Exchange PlusとPremiumのユーザーのみが利用可能です。
特許 係属中 The present invention relates to an adaptor for charging mobile devices. More particularly, the present invention relates to an adaptor which can be inserted into a light bulb socket and provide electrical power to a mobile 'phone or other low-power device in order to charge a mobile device battery. Aspects and/or embodiments seek to provide an adaptor for providing power from a light bulb socket to a mobile phone or other device in order to charge a device battery. According to a first aspect, there is provided an adaptor, comprising: a fitting, operable to couple with a light bulb socket; a transformer; and a charging port.


text:
2022 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages I_181-I_186
The 2011 Tohoku tsunami accompanied a large amount of silt and clay along the Sanriku coast and supplied them substantially onto the inland area. Such a tsunami containing silty materials could contribute to increasing coastal and human damage. However, characteristics of tsunami-induced suspension of silty materials and their effect on tsunami flows have not been sufficiently understood. This study conducted a laboratory experiment of sediment transport on a silty bottom and developed a numerical model to investigate the detailed processes and mechanisms. Results from the experiment indicated that a wave-induced flow suspended more silty materials for higher fluidities of bed materials. A vortical flow induced by wave breaking further contributed to enhancing the sediment suspension from the bottom. The sediment processes were reproduced by the numerical model with two empirical parameters of sediment entrainment calibrated with the experimental result. The numerical model reasonably reproduced a local scour on the bottom as well as the concentration of suspended materials.


help in converting asm code to c code?
Discussion in 'Programmer's Corner' started by alkid, Nov 7, 2007.
 1. alkid
 Thread Starter Member
 Sep 20, 2007
 12
 0
 INT0: CLR CSN
 MOV SPI0DAT, #20H
 LCALL SPI
 MOV SPI0DAT, #08H
 LCALL SPI
 SETB CSN
 CLR CSN
 MOV SPI0DAT, #27H
 LCALL SPI
 MOV SPI0DAT, #7EH
 LCALL SPI
 SETB CSN
 MOV SPI0DAT, #0E1H
 LCALL SPI
 SETB CSN
 CLR CSN
 MOV SPI0DAT, #0E2H
 LCALL SPI
 SETB CSN
 RET
 anyone know of anyway i can change the asm code into c code?

 2. beenthere
 Retired Moderator
 Apr 20, 2004
 15,815
 293
 Two steps:
 1. Understand the function of the assembler code.
 2. Write the code in C that does the same thing.

 3. jpitz31
 Active Member
 Oct 24, 2007
 37
 0
 If you do not know assembly, then it would be much easier to just write the code from scratch in C.
 To decipher the indicated asm code you would have spend time figuring out the hex addresses indicated and what SPI0DAT is pointing to.
 This is chip related and you do not give us the chip that you are working with?
 It would be much easier to just write the code in C.
 You are talking the difference of moving a bunch of bits around versus writing a much higher level English like language.
 I do not know about you but I would write C any day over assembly.
 What operation do you want the chip to perform and then write that functionality in C in the first place.
 Then it becomes your code, code that you understand and then can enhance if needed.
 Just my 2 cents.
 Thanks
 Joe

 4. RiJoRI
 Well-Known Member
 Aug 15, 2007
 536
 29
 MOV SPI0DAT, #20H
 LCALL SPI
 My guess is that this is loading a variable called SPIODAT (SPI Output DATa, maybe?) with some number, then calling a function SPI to send it out the SPI pin. The CSN is some type of control. You will have to find out how your C compiler deals with bits in order to do the SBIT part.
 The RET is handled by C's end function:
 void myFunc(void)
 {
 /* Do nothing */
 } <- This will cause the compiler to generate the RTS command.
 HTH,
 --Rich

 5. Papabravo
 Expert
 Feb 24, 2006
 11,545
 2,386
 I'm guessing this is 8051 code. The label INT0 suggests an interrupt routine, except for the small detail that it ends with a RET instead of a RETI.
 The basic example would be like this:
 Code ( (Unknown Language)):
 1.
 2. void INT0(void)
 3. {
 4. CSN = 0 ;
 5. SPI0DAT = 0x20 ;
 6. SPI() ;
 7. SPI0DAT = 0x08 ;
 8. SPI() ;
 9. CSN = 1 ;
 10. .
 11. .
 12. .
 13.
 This presupposes that you have a header file and a C compiler that defines "CSN", "SPI0DAT", and the function "SPI()" appropriately. You still have a job of work to do on this one.

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text:
What Happens in an Estuary Doesn't Stay There: Patterns of Biotic Connectivity Resulting from Long Term Ecological Research
The paucity of data on migratory connections and an incomplete understanding of how mobile organisms use geographically separate areas have been obstacles to understanding coastal dynamics. Research on acoustically tagged striped bass (Morone saxatilis) at the Plum Island Ecosystems (PIE) Long Term Ecological Research site, Massachusetts, documents intriguing patterns of biotic connectivity (i.e., long-distance migration between geographically distinct areas). First, the striped bass tagged at PIE migrated southward along the coast using different routes. Second, these tagged fish exhibited strong fidelity and specificity to PIE. For example, across multiple years, tagged striped bass resided in PIE waters for an average of 1.5–2.5 months per year (means: 51–72 days; range 2–122 days), left this estuary in fall, then returned in subsequent years. Third, this specificity and fidelity connected PIE to other locations. The fish exported nutrients and energy to at least three other coastal locations through biomass added as growth. These results demonstrate that what happens in an individual estuary can affect other estuaries. Striped bass that use tightly connected routes to feed in specific estuaries should have greater across-system impacts than fish that are equally likely to go anywhere. Consequently, variations in when, where, and how fish migrate can alter across-estuary impacts.


Free shipping on all orders $50
What is the logic of the numbers on color tubes?
It is more and more common to want to regrow hair color in the comfort of your home? Before jumping into a color choice, it is important to understand the numbering of professional coloring creams.
Before choosing a new color (destination) it is essential that you determine your natural color level (starting point). We suggest you validate your natural level with a hairdressing professional. A poorly rated level results in an approximate formulation that will not give you satisfaction.
Then, you should know that the shade of a color is described by its level and its reflections.
Ex: The European standard mainly uses numbers 6,75 or 6.75 or 6/75 or the American standard which favors using letters like 6BR depending on the product manufacturers.
1 / The level
The level is always represented by a number the first of the series placed before the point, the comma or the slash. In our example the 6 of 6/75 cold chocolate (dark blonde / brown mahogany)... represents the pitch.
Level is the unit used in the hair industry to display the degree of saturation of pigments in a color. Level 1 (black) being the darkest and level 10 (very very light blond) the lightest.
Here are the levels (ex: 6/75 dark blonde / brown mahogany)
1 = Black
2 = Brown
3 = Dark brown
4 = Brown
5 = Light brown
6 = Dark blonde
7 = blond
8 = light blonde
9 = Very light blonde
10 = Very very light blonde
This level scale is universal and allows 3 things to be determined:
 - the initial natural or colored level
 - the desired color level
 - the tone level of a coloring tube
2 / The reflections
The numbers corresponding to the reflection(s) are presented after the period, the comma or the slash, in our example the 75 of 6/75. These numbers are used to determine the warmth or cool shade of the color.
Here are the highlights (ex: 6/75 dark blonde / brown mahogany)
 - the 6 indicates the level of the pitch that will be obtained,
 - the first number / 7.. (brown) following the "point, comma or slash" determines the intensity of the main reflection which will be the most dominant.
 - the second number /..5 following the / 7.. specifies the secondary reflection which will offer a more sophisticated effect to the reflection by adding light, intensity or depth.
N = 0 = natural
A = 1 = ashy, cold
V = 2 = iridescent and or cold purple (secondary reflection)
G = 3 = golden, hot
C = 4 = copper, hot
M = 5 = mahogany, cold
R = 6 = red, hot
B = 7 = brown, hot / cold (main reflection)
We invite you to always validate the description of any letter present on the tubes to ensure that you make the right choice.
Numbers aren't the only way companies are careful to identify their tube colors. The description of the color shade is always present on each tube and packaging.
Ex: 6/75 = dark blonde / brown mahogany
Before choosing a new range of shades, we suggest that you carry out a colorimetry test to validate which shades best match your skin tone. A poorly chosen reflection will have the effect of offering a tired or even pale complexion.
N.B: this information is subject to reservation and includes generalities which may vary from one company to another, we invite you to validate the description of the numbering always present on the tube or packaging.
Coiffure à rabais becomes


text:
Our programs comprise one or more of the following four modules:
Travel Adventure: Our experiential learning approach enables our program participants to use the unfamiliar external environment to understand self and to cultivate a conscious relationship with the world.
Youth Exchange: By bringing together, and handholding, students from diverse backgrounds – foreign and local; rural and urban; rich and poor – we break the borders between young people and promote peer-to-peer understanding. In our experience, these exchanges have resulted in young people gaining life-changing perspectives about the world they live in.
Leadership Discovery: Designed by our Harvard-educated team members, this module helps our participants experientially discover, in a cross-cultural setting, how to lead.
Community Activities: Based on the location of travel, we help participants achieve deeper immersion into unknown cultures by creating opportunities for them to participate in community activities.
Watch a Program Video
Using this four-pronged approach, MindVISA seeks to achieve – and measures itself on – the following outcomes among its participants:
- Knowing self: An increased awareness of one's abilities; and an improvement in self-confidence to tap into one's strengths and to use it for common good.
- Leading others: An increased ability to mobilize others for collective actions; and an improvement in one's ability to collaborate with others in teams, and to resolve conflicts.
- Making decisions: An increased understanding of how to create and analyze options to make informed decisions.
- Knowing the world: An increased social and environmental consciousness.


A molecular photoionic AND gate based on fluorescent signalling
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
961 Citations (Scopus)
MOLECULES that perform logic operations are prerequisites for molecular information processing and computation. We and others have previously reported receptor molecules that can be considered to perform simple logic operations by coupling ionic bonding or more complex molecular-recognition processes with photonic (fluorescence) signals: in these systems, chemical binding (the 'input') results in a change in fluorescence intensity (the 'output') from the receptor. Here we describe a receptor (molecule (1) in Fig. 1) that operates as a logic device with two input channels: the fluorescence signal depends on whether the molecule binds hydrogen ions, sodium ions or both. The input/output characteristics of this molecular device correspond to those of an AND gate.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)42-44
Number of pages3
Issue number6432
Publication statusPublished - 01 Jul 1993
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'A molecular photoionic AND gate based on fluorescent signalling'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this


text:
There can be many reasons a particular TM1 application has performance issues. TM1 gets its power from the in-memory engine. This can also cause performance degradation as the application matures. Maybe it is time for a TM1 application health check. Here are some of the reasons why an application can slow down overtime:
- An application may perform perfectly fine in the beginning of an implementation but as time goes on, the slowly changing dimensions add sparsity to the cubes and bog it down. As new elements are added, chances are there are more intersections with new values. The time dimensions are notorious for creating this sparsity and creating unnecessary overhead. A good maintenance and archiving strategy can help alleviate this problem.
- In our practice, we see many applications that have been poorly designed. An example of this are cubes with large numbers of dimensions. We understand that sometimes it is difficult to avoid but care should be taken in choosing the right amount of dimensions. Some dimensions can be combined into one. Attributes can be used in place of dimensions to keep the cube dense.
- Many cubes are built extremely virtual in nature which means that the cube will utilize more memory and it will grow exponentially as new elements are added. One way this can happen is if cube rules are created to calculate elements instead of creating a consolidated element in a dimension – Using functions instead of attributes in a rule – Creating a rule where a TI process can do the job. An example of the later can be creating a rule to act upon an Actuals load that needs to be done once a month. You can process that calculation and store it in the cube instead of applying a rule to it and consuming memory unnecessarily.
- Another quick fix for poorly performing cubes is reordering its dimensions. Even though it seems simple and obvious to many, it's surprising to see the amount of implementations that have not checked the cube dimension order even once.
If you are frustrated with your TM1 application due to performance issues, contact Lodestar Solutions and give us the opportunity to help you get the most out of your investment.


text:
The Kherkatta reservoir, also known as the Pakhanjore reservoir, is a man-made lake about 12 km (7.5 mi) north of Pakhanjur in Chhattisgarh, India. It was constructed by Dandakaranya Development Authority in 1958 under Project Dandakaranya Project. Kherkatta is a Hindi word meaning "land of energy". The Kherkatta reservoir (Kherkatta dam) was constructed over an area of 1,300 acres with an estimated cost of Rs 0.08 crore. The year 1964 is the completion of the Pakhanjur reservoir.This dam is an earth-filled embankment-type river of Matholi. The height above the lowest foundation is 20 meters. The dam has a length of 610 meters and the gross capacity of the dam is 2,955,000 million m3.
The project:- According to the report submitted on July 18, 1965 page 16 on the project, irrigation canals are being built in the command area of Umerkot Dam and Pakhanjur Dam. A hundred families have been inhabited around the Pakhanjur dam, and they will follow ducks and fish and vegetables. A plan has been prepared for a dairy and poultry center on the banks of Kotdi river in the Parlakot region.
The Kherkatta reservoir was built in hopes of benefiting the local people with better irrigation and farming systems. The reservoir has two major gates which release water through its canals every two years.
The artificial lake is used to store water.
Local Water Supply Water SupplyWater is sent to cities through aqueducts Fishing and boating
Local Source Wildlife System – Increased source of water for the people living in the valley
Irrigation flood water control


text:
The first official Junee Show was held on Wednesday and Thursday, September 26 and 27, 1888.
Organised by the Junee Pastoral, Agricultural, and Industrial Association, the show opened in fine weather, but organisation was not as complete as it could have been.
However, the Australian Town and Country Journal (Sydney NSW) of September 29, 1888 reported "the various officers, however, worked hard, and were successful in disposing of the events in good style and order".
Competitions included horses (blood mares, draught stallions, aged mares), cattle (shorthorns, Devons), sheep, poultry, pigs and dogs. There was also farm produce and dairy products, including bacon, preserves, butter, cheese and vegetables. There were a few good samples of wheat and chaff exhibited.
Competitions were also held for agricultural implements, with several leading firms from Melbourne represented. There were traction engines and double and single-seated buggies exhibited.
In the pavilion, there was also a good collection of harness and saddlery exhibited from industries in Junee and the district.
The examples of ladies' needlework and embroidery on display were noted in the Journal to be "… of a high order, and the children's exhibits of writing, drawing, mapping and sewing were meritorious".


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Calcium, Vitamin D and Metformin to Treat Insulin Resistance in Obese African American Adolescent Females
2014-08-27 03:14:27 | BioPortfolio
Summary
This is a feasibility study to examine the treatment with Metformin, vitamin D with calcium supplement for insulin resistance in obese, black, female teens. The association of low vitamin D levels and decreased insulin sensitivity has been established. Thus, the specific aims of this study are:
Specific aim 1: To examine the effect of an 8-week treatment with vitamin D and calcium supplementations on diabetes-related risk factors in obese, black, female teens.
Hypothesis 1a: In obese, black, female teens with both insulin resistance and vitamin D deficiency, treatment with vitamin D and calcium supplementation will significantly improve measures of insulin resistance and sensitivity (as determined by the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance and whole body insulin sensitivity index measures) when compared to controls not receiving vitamin D and calcium.
Hypothesis 1b: In obese, black teen females with both insulin resistance and vitamin D deficiency, treatment with vitamin D and calcium supplementation will significantly improve measures of cardiovascular disease (decreased BMI and improved triglycerides and LDL) when compared to controls not receiving vitamin D and calcium.
Specific aim 2: To determine if the addition of Metformin to the 8-week treatment with vitamin D and calcium supplementations improves diabetes-related risk factors in obese, black, female teens.
Hypothesis 2a: In obese, black, female teens with both insulin resistance and vitamin D deficiency, treatment with Metformin, vitamin D, and calcium supplementation will significantly improve measures of insulin resistance and sensitivity (as determined by the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance and whole body insulin sensitivity index measures) when compared to standard of care or treatment with vitamin D with calcium supplementation alone while controlling for dietary intake of vitamin D and calcium.
Hypothesis 2b: In obese, black, female teens with both insulin resistance and vitamin D deficiency, treatment with Metformin, vitamin D, and calcium supplementation will significantly improve measures of cardiovascular disease risk (as determined by the decreased BMI, improved triglycerides and LDL) when compared to standard of care or treatment with vitamin D with calcium supplementation alone while controlling for dietary intake of vitamin D and calcium.
Description
The increasing rate of obesity in youth has reached epidemic proportion in the United States. African Americans share an overwhelming burden of this disorder and its complications.1 Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in black girls and women2 and is associated with insulin resistance in populations at risk for diabetes.3 The use of Metformin, an oral diabetic agent, to halt the progression to diabetes in individuals at risk has been studied, but not in a population with concurrent vitamin D deficiency. In this proposal, we hypothesize that treatment with vitamin D with calcium supplement along with Metformin together will improve insulin resistance in obese, black teen girls. We will investigate this hypothesis in two specific aims to: 1) examine the effect of treatment of Vitamin D deficiency on insulin resistance in mature black teen girls, 2) to determine if there is any additional benefit of Metformin with treatment for Vitamin D deficiency to improve insulin resistance in this group. We propose to accomplish these aims through a clinical trial in obese black teen girls who have reached developmental maturity (approximately 15-18 years old) with vitamin D deficiency. Eligible participants will be randomized to one of three groups: standard of care, treatment with vitamin D/calcium supplement, and treatment with Vitamin D/Calcium Supplement and Metformin. We will enroll 30 obese adolescent subjects, (10 participants per group) into this 2-month study. The following measurements will be performed at baseline and 2 month follow-up: a) 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, b) Oral glucose tolerance tests to calculate homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA IR), and 4 to determine insulin resistance and total body insulin sensitivity index (TBISI) to determine insulin sensitivity,5 c) body mass index calculations, and c) lipid panel to include triglyceride, HDL-C, and LDL-C measurements. We will control for the effect of nutritional counseling on vitamin D and calcium intake will be controlled. Our outcome measures will include improvement in insulin resistance and decreased body mass index for our participants treated with vitamin D, calcium supplementation and Metformin. Validation of our hypothesis will show that Metformin along with vitamin D treatment and calcium supplementation is a novel treatment combination to improve insulin resistance, the health of an at-risk adolescent population.
Study Design
Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Treatment
Conditions
Insulin Resistance
Intervention
Calcium and Vit D, Metformin, Vit D and Calcium
Location
Children's Hospital of Alabama
Birmingham
Alabama
United States
35233
Status
Recruiting
Source
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Results (where available)
View Results
Links
Published on BioPortfolio: 2014-08-27T03:14:27-0400
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Bisphenol A and octylphenol exacerbate type 1 diabetes mellitus by disrupting calcium homeostasis in mouse pancreas.
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Metformin, an antidiabetic drug, inhibits the endometrial cancer cell growth in vivo by improving the insulin resistance; however, its mechanism of action is not completely understood. Protein phospha...
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Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions
Agents that increase calcium influx into calcium channels of excitable tissues. This causes vasoconstriction in VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE and/or CARDIAC MUSCLE cells as well as stimulation of insulin release from pancreatic islets. Therefore, tissue-selective calcium agonists have the potential to combat cardiac failure and endocrinological disorders. They have been used primarily in experimental studies in cell and tissue culture.
A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289)
Signal transduction mechanisms whereby calcium mobilization (from outside the cell or from intracellular storage pools) to the cytoplasm is triggered by external stimuli. Calcium signals are often seen to propagate as waves, oscillations, spikes, sparks, or puffs. The calcium acts as an intracellular messenger by activating calcium-responsive proteins.
Intracellular signaling peptides and proteins that bind to CALCIUM. They undergo allosteric changes when bound to CALCIUM that affects their interaction with other signal-transducing molecules. They differ from CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTORS which sense extracellular calcium levels.
A class of G-protein-coupled receptors that react to varying extracellular


text:
Intermediate Wildland Fire Behavior, S-290Pre-Course WorkThe pre-course work is designed to ensure that students come to class with a basicunderstanding of the fire environment in order to learn Intermediate Fire Behaviorconcepts.The pre-course work is divided into seven parts that correspond to questions on thepre-qualifying test. Complete the pre-qualifying test using the information on theStudent CD.When you have completed the pre-qualifying test, mail it back to the coursecoordinator in the provided envelope. You must receive a passing score of 70% orhigher to be considered for admittance to the course.
Part 1 – Basic Firefighter MathObjective: Define and apply the concept of ratios and percentages.A ratio is a proportional relationship of one value to another such as the ratio ofgas to oil in a chain saw fuel mix. Ratios can be written as a fraction (½) or inratio notation (1:2). The value of a ratio is the division of the first number by thesecond number.Example: A chain saw manufacturer specifies that the proper fuel mix is 32:1,which means, one unit of 2-cycle oil is added to 32 units of gas.Ever hear the phrase, "Do not exceed a two to one (2:1) work/rest ratio?" Thismeans for every two hours worked, one hour of rest (or off-shift time) is provided.If you work a 16 hour shift, how many hours of rest are you supposed to have?Answer: 16 hrs worked, 24 hours available in a day.24 hours – 16 hrs 8 hrs of rest time available.Does this meet the 2:1 ratio?By applying work hours to rest hours as a ratio:16 hrs/8 hrs is the ratio, and by simplifying (dividing each by 8) we get 2/1 or 2:1,or 2x.Note that 2x indicates a two-fold increase, or two times the original value. Thismakes it easier to visualize in the fire environment.As part of a map scale, a representative fraction is also a ratio. Common 7.5minute topography maps have a representative fraction of 1:24,000, which meansevery 1 unit of map distance is equal to (represents) 24,000 units of actual grounddistance. Note that a common unit of measure when working with representativefractions is inches.
A percent compares things to one another, or the amount less than or greater thana common base of 100 (70 right answers out of 100 possible 0.7 or 70%). Wethen relate this percentage to some threshold or relevant value to give meaning.For example, we know that a 10% slope is a slight incline, not terribly difficult towalk up. But a 70% slope is steep, requiring much more energy to climb. Todetermine a percent, you divide the ratio fraction and multiply by 100. What is thepercentage if you score 37 correct answers out of a possible 48?Answer: 37/48.771 x 100 77% (rounded).Slope is expressed as a percentage and determining slope percent is based on a ratioby applying this formula: Slope% rise (in elevation)/run (horizontal distance) x100 between two points. Note that run is always a flat map distance, not theincline distance you would walk from one point to another.Given a rise of 500 feet in elevation and a horizontal distance between two pointsof 1200 feet, we plug these numbers into the equation and can determine slope %.Answer: 500 feet rise/1200 feet run.416 x 100 42% (rounded).To test your understanding, answer the questions under Part 2 of the pre-qualifyingtest.
Part 2 - MapsPart 3 contains excerpts from the Map and Compass publication located on theStudent CD.Objectives: Identify important elements found on a map legend.Identify features commonly found on topographic maps.Determine aspect from a topographic map.A map is designed for the purpose of permitting you to visualize a portion of theearth's surface, drawn to a specified scale, with pertinent features properlypositioned to facilitate planning and organizing operations. Maps, although drawnto a scale, are not absolutely accurate because they represent a curved and unevensurface on a flat piece of paper. Furthermore, photocopying, scanning, or othergraphic reproductions can further skew a map. Care must be taken to ensure thatthe map you are using reflects true map distance to ground distance measurements.There are three basic types of maps:1.Planimetric MapsPlanimetric maps show the positions of features without showing theirrelationship to the hills and valleys of the land. They can include rivers,lakes, roads, boundaries, or other human-made, symbolic features. Forexample:a.Common road mapsRoad atlas, street maps, and Thomas Guides.b.Specific area mapsPreplan maps, floor plan maps, storm drain, sewer and water systemmaps.c.Schematic mapsAgency maps (unit, aviation, resource, district response maps).
2.Topographic MapsTopographic maps show both the horizontal and vertical (relief) positions offeatures. Topographic maps are often referred to as quadrangles or quads,for example:a.Contour mapsThese are the most common method of representing the shape andelevation of the land. A contour is a line of equal elevation on theground that delineates the same elevation above or below a specificreference elevation, usually sea level.b.Shaded-relief mapsThese are pictorial. They are shaded to simulate sunlight on theterrain. This shadow effect accentuates the shape of the physicalfeatures.For fire behavior purposes, we generally work with topographic maps.3.Orthophoto MapsOrthophoto maps depict terrain and other features by color-enhancedphotographic images. It is an aerial photograph of the land.Some orthophoto maps are overlain with contour lines and other featurescommonly associated with topographic maps. These maps are corrected forscale and are the same size as U.S.G.S. quads.
Key map parts:Map Legend: A legend shows information needed to interpret a map. Each typeof map has information represented in a different way relating to its subject matter.The legend can explain map scales, symbols, and color.Map Scale: The map scale indicates the ratio or proportion of the horizontaldistance on the map to the corresponding horizontal distance on the ground.Representative Fraction (R.F.) Scale: Expresses the ratio of the map distance to theground distance in like units of measurements. It is usually written as a fraction orratio. A representative fraction is always written with the map distance as one. Arepresentative fraction of 1/24,000 (1:24,000) means that one UNIT ofmeasurement (inches, millimeters, feet, etc.) on the map is equal to 24,000 of theSAME UNITS on the ground. You CANNOT mix units in a representativefraction. If it is one INCH on the map, it is 24,000 INCHES on the ground.Graphic scale (G.S.) or Comparison Scale: This is entirely different. It usuallyCOMPARES map distances to the ground distance in DIFFERENT units ofmeasurements. Usually a graphic scale is a line marked off on a map indicating somany inches or millimeters equal so many feet, kilometers, chains, or miles on theground. A comparison scale of 1" to 2000 feet means that 1 inch on the map isproportioned to 2000 feet on the ground. We are comparing inches and feet whichare DIFFERENT UNITS of measurement.Table 9, found in the Fire Behavior Appendix B is a useful tool to easily see mapscale conversion factors of various representative fractions.Contour Lines: A contour line is a line on a map or chart connecting all points ofthe same elevation. Any point on a contour line is the same elevation as all theother points on the same line. In other words, contour lines connect points of equalelevation.Contour Interval: This is the difference in elevation between two adjacent contourlines. On U.S.G.S. maps they could be drawn at any elevation, but in practice theyare drawn at intervals of 1, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 feet. Occasionally you will find amap with a 25 foot contour interval or metric units, but not often.
Index Contour: To make the contours easier to read, every fifth one is printeddarker and has the elevation marked every so often in the line. The thinner orlighter colored contour lines are called intermediate contours.Contours have certain general characteristics. Following are characteristics whichare not rules but guidelines that are helpful in many cases. Usually have smooth curves. Exceptions are large outcrops of rocks, cliffs,and fractured areas of the earth's surface. Are "V" shaped in stream beds and narrow valleys. The point of the "V"always points uphill or upstream. Are usually "U" shaped on ridges with the "U" bottom pointing down theridge. Are usually "M" or "W" shaped just upstream from stream junctions. Tend to run perpendicular to streams. Tend to parallel each other, each approximately the shape of the one above itand the one below it. Do not cross or touch. Exception is overhanging cliffs. Do not fork. Never end on the map, only at the map edges and sometimes at overhangingcliffs. Indicate steep terrain by being closely spaced. Indicate a uniform slope by being equally spaced. Indicate depressions or pit by a hachured (short lines extending from thecontour


.0 146.4
This question is essentially asking if the following reaction is spontaneous at room temperature.
\[NH_4NO_{3(s)} \overset{H_2O} \longrightarrow NH_{4(aq)}^+ + NO_{3(aq)}^-\]
This would normally only require calculating \(\Delta{G^o}\) and evaluating its sign. However, the \(\Delta{G^o}\) values are not tabulated, so they must be calculated manually from calculated \(\Delta{H^o}\) and \(\Delta{S^o}\) values for the reaction.
 - Calculate \(\Delta{H^o}\):
\[ \Delta H^o = \sum n\Delta H^o_{f_{products}} - \sum m\Delta H^o_{f_{reactants}} \]
\[ \Delta H^o= \left[ \left( 1\; mol\; NH_3\right)\left(-132.51\;\dfrac{kJ}{mol} \right) + \left( 1\; mol\; NO_3^- \right) \left(-205.0\;\dfrac{kJ}{mol}\right) \right] \]
\[- \left[ \left(1\; mol\; NH_4NO_3 \right)\left(-365.56 \;\dfrac{kJ}{mol}\right) \right]\]
\[ \Delta H^o = -337.51 \;kJ + 365.56 \; kJ= 28.05 \;kJ\]
 - Calculate \(\Delta{S^o}\):
\[ \Delta S^o = \sum n\Delta S^o_{f_{products}} - \sum S\Delta H^o_{f_{reactants}} \]
\[ \Delta S^o= \left[ \left( 1\; mol\; NH_3\right)\left(113.4 \;\dfrac{J}{mol\;K} \right) + \left( 1\; mol\; NO_3^- \right) \left(146.6\;\dfrac{J}{mol\;K}\right) \right] \]
\[- \left[ \left(1\; mol\; NH_4NO_3 \right)\left(151.08 \;\dfrac{J}{mol\;K}\right) \right]\]
\[ \Delta S^o = 259.8 \;J/K - 151.08 \; J/K= 108.7 \;J/K\]
 - Calculate \(\Delta{G^o}\):
These values can be substituted into the free energy equation
\[T_K = 25\;^oC + 273.15K = 298.15\;K\]
\[\Delta{S^o} = 108.7\; \cancel{J}/K \left(\dfrac{1\; kJ}{1000\;\cancel{J}} \right) = 0.1087 \; kJ/K\]
\[\Delta{H^o} = 28.05\;kJ\]
Plug in \(\Delta H^o\), \(\Delta S^o\) and \(T\) into Equation 1.7
\[\Delta G^o = \Delta H^o + T \Delta S^o\]
\[\Delta G^o = 28.05\;kJ - (298.15\; \cancel{K})(0.1087\;kJ/ \cancel{K})\]
\[\Delta G^o= 28.05\;kJ - 32.41\; kJ\]
\[\Delta G^o = -4.4 \;kJ\]
This reaction is spontaneous at room temperature since \(\Delta G^o\) is negative. Therefore \(NH_4NO_{3(s)}\) will dissolve in water at room temperature.
Example 1.3
Calculate \(\Delta{G}\) for the following reaction at \(25\; ^oC\). Will the reaction occur spontaneously?
\[NH_{3(g)} + HCl_{(g)} \rightarrow NH_4Cl_{(s)}\]
given for the reaction
 - \(\Delta{H} = -176.0 \;kJ\)
 - \(\Delta{S} = -284.8\;J/K\)
calculate \(\Delta{G}\) from the formula
but first we need to convert the units for \(\Delta{S}\) into kJ/K (or convert \(\Delta{H}\) into J) and temperature into Kelvin
 - \(\Delta{S} = -284.8 \cancel{J}/K \left( \dfrac{1\, kJ}{1000\; \cancel{J}}\right) = -0.284.8\; kJ/K\)
 - \(T=273.15\; K + 25\; ^oC = 298\;K\)
The definition of Gibbs energy can then be used directly
\[\Delta{G} = -176.0 \;kJ - (298 \cancel{K}) (-0.284.8\; kJ/\cancel{K}) \]
\[\Delta{G} = -176.0 \;kJ - (-84.9\; kJ) \]
\[\Delta{G} = -91.1 \;kJ \]
Yes, this reaction is spontaneous at room temperature since \(\Delta{G}\) is negative.
Gibbs Energy in Equilibria
Let's consider the following reversible reaction:
\[ A + B \leftrightharpoons C + D \tag{1.9}\]
The following equation relates the standard-state free energy of reaction with the free energy at any point in a given reaction (not necessarily at standard-state conditions):
\[ \Delta G = \Delta G^o + RT \ln Q \tag{1.10}\]
 - \(\Delta G\) = free energy at any moment
 - \(\Delta G^o\) = standard-state free energy
 - R is the ideal gas constant = 8.314 J/mol-K
 - T is the absolute temperature (Kelvin)
 - \(\ln Q\) is natural logarithm of the reaction quotient
At equilibrium, ΔG = 0 and Q=K. Thus the equation can be arranged into:
\[\Delta{G} = \Delta{G}^o + RT \ln \dfrac{[C][D]}{[A][B]} \tag{1.11}\]
 - \(\Delta{G}^o\) = standard free energy change
 - \(R\) = gas constant = 1.98 * 10-3 kcal mol-1 deg-10
 - \(T\) = is usually room temperature = 298 K
 - \(K = \dfrac{[C][D]}{[A][B]}\)
The Gibbs free energy \(\Delta{G}\) depends primarily on the reactants' nature and concentrations (expressed in the \(\Delta{G}^o\) term and the logarithmic term of Equation 1.11, respectively).
At equilibrium, \(\Delta{G} = 0\): no driving force remains
\[0 = \Delta{G}^{o'} + RT \ln \dfrac{[C][D]}{[A][B]} \tag{1.12}\]
\[\Delta{G}^{o} = -RT \ln\dfrac{[C][D]}{[A][B]} \tag{1.13}\]
The equilibrium constant is defined as
\[K_{eq} = \dfrac{[C][D]}{[A][B]} \tag{1.14}\]
When \(K_{eq}\) is large, almost all reactants are converted to products. Substituting \(K_{eq}\) into Equation 1.14, we have:
\[\Delta{G}^{o} = -RT \ln K_{eq} \tag{1.15}\]
\[\Delta{G}^{o} = -2.303RT log_{10} K_{eq} \tag{1.16}\]
\[K_{eq} = 10^{-\Delta{G}^{o}/(2.303RT)} \tag{1.17}\]
This equation is particularly interesting as it relates the free energy difference under standard conditions to the properties of a system at equilibrium (which is rarely at standard conditions).
Table 1.1: Converting \(K_{ea}\) to \(\Delta{G}\)
\(K_{eq}\) \(\Delta{G_o}\; (kcal/mole)\)
\(10^{-5}\) 6.82
\(10^{-4}\) 5.46
\(10^{-3}\) 4.09
\(10^{-2}\) 2.73
\(10^{-1}\) 1.36
1 0
\(10^{1}\) -1.36
\(10^{2}\) -2.73
\(10^{3}\) -4.09
\(10^{4}\) -5.46


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text:
Role: MIS Analyst Retail Operations
Qualification: Any Graduation or above
Experience: 5+ years in MIS
Send your CV to : _EMAIL_
MIS analyst Retail Operations
- Create and design reports from existing information systems and analyse the results for management decision making.
- Read raw data and create daily / weekly / monthly MIS reports, Preparing & implementing actionable reports for different frequencies (Daily, Monthly, Quarterly, etc.)
- Generate timely and accurate reports for analysis. Creating MIS/ Dashboard report and presenting it to the concern Department.
- MIS reporting by using MS Excel & Advance Excel like Pivot, Lookup, Conditional formatting at Operational level.
- Produce time sensitive information and provide actionable data that will assist Senior Management in planning and managing the core functions of the business.
- Analyze large sets of data and measure against historical performance
- Participate in cross-functional meetings to resolve recurring business/internal issues.
- Be active part of process automation and MIS automation in the new software environment
- Provide recommendations to update current MIS to improve efficiency and consistency in reporting.
- Perform data analysis for generating Sale and Cost reports on periodic basis.
- Provide strong reporting and analytical information support to management team.
- Generate both periodic and ad hoc reports as needed by management.
Functional Area: Retail/ FMCG
Reporting to: Group MD
Employment Type: Permanent/ Full time
Salary: plus Expat benefits


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Often called prime polynomials. Polynomials that have no polynomial divisors.
An irreducible or prime polynomial is a polynomial that has no polynomial factors. The parallel with prime integers is appropriate. In the same way that a prime number cannot be divided by any other integer other than $\pm1$, an irreducible polynomial cannot be divided by any polynomial other than a constant non-zero polynomial.
Though it is usually clear from context, care should be taken in observing the domain over which a polynomial is irreducible. For instance, $x^2+4x+13$ is irreducible over $\mathbb{R}$ but not $\mathbb{C}$; likewise, $x^3 + 2 x^2 + x + 3$ is irreducible over $\mathbb{F}_{5}$ but factors as $(x-1)(x-2)^2$ over $\mathbb{F}_7$.