Source code for holoviews.core.options
"""
Options and OptionTrees allow different classes of options
(e.g. matplotlib-specific styles and plot specific parameters) to be
defined separately from the core data structures and away from
visualization specific code.
There are three classes that form the options system:
Cycle:
 Used to define infinite cycles over a finite set of elements, using
 either an explicit list or some pre-defined collection (e.g. from
 matplotlib rcParams). For instance, a Cycle object can be used loop
 a set of display colors for multiple curves on a single axis.
Options:
 Containers of arbitrary keyword values, including optional keyword
 validation, support for Cycle objects and inheritance.
OptionTree:
 A subclass of AttrTree that is used to define the inheritance
 relationships between a collection of Options objects. Each node
 of the tree supports a group of Options objects and the leaf nodes
 inherit their keyword values from parent nodes up to the root.
Store:
 A singleton class that stores all global and custom options and
 links HoloViews objects, the chosen plotting backend and the IPython
 extension together.
"""
import difflib
import inspect
import pickle
import traceback
from contextlib import contextmanager
from collections import defaultdict
import numpy as np
import param
from .accessors import Opts # noqa (clean up in 2.0)
from .tree import AttrTree
from .util import (
 OrderedDict, group_sanitizer, label_sanitizer, sanitize_identifier
)
from .pprint import InfoPrinter
[docs]def cleanup_custom_options(id, weakref=None): """ Cleans up unused custom trees if all objects referencing the custom id have been garbage collected or tree is otherwise unreferenced. """ try: if Store._options_context: return weakrefs = Store._weakrefs.get(id, []) if weakref in weakrefs: weakrefs.remove(weakref) refs = [] for wr in list(weakrefs): r = wr() if r is None or r.id != id: weakrefs.remove(wr) else: refs.append(r) if not refs: for bk in Store.loaded_backends(): if id in Store._custom_options[bk]: Store._custom_options[bk].pop(id) if not weakrefs: Store._weakrefs.pop(id, None) except Exception as e: raise Exception( f"Cleanup of custom options tree with id '{id}' failed " f"with the following exception: {e}, an unreferenced " "orphan tree may persist in memory." )
[docs]def lookup_options(obj, group, backend): """ Given a HoloViews object, a plot option group (e.g. 'style') and backend, return the corresponding Options object. """ plot_class = None try: plot_class = Store.renderers[backend].plotting_class(obj) style_opts = plot_class.style_opts except SkipRendering: style_opts = None node = Store.lookup_options(backend, obj, group) if group == 'style' and style_opts is not None: return node.filtered(style_opts) elif group == 'plot' and plot_class: return node.filtered(list(plot_class.param)) else: return node
[docs]class CallbackError(RuntimeError): """ An error raised during a callback. """
[docs]class SkipRendering(Exception): """ A SkipRendering exception in the plotting code will make the display hooks fall back to a text repr. Used to skip rendering of DynamicMaps with exhausted element generators. """ def __init__(self, message="", warn=True): self.warn = warn super().__init__(message)
[docs]class OptionError(Exception): """ Custom exception raised when there is an attempt to apply invalid options. Stores the necessary information to construct a more readable message for the user if caught and processed appropriately. """ def __init__(self, invalid_keyword, allowed_keywords, group_name=None, path=None): super().__init__(self.message(invalid_keyword, allowed_keywords, group_name, path)) self.invalid_keyword = invalid_keyword self.allowed_keywords = allowed_keywords self.group_name =group_name self.path = path def message(self, invalid_keyword, allowed_keywords, group_name, path): msg = ( f"Invalid option {invalid_keyword!r}, valid options are: " f"{allowed_keywords}." ) if path and group_name: msg = f"Invalid key for group {group_name!r} on path {path};\n{msg}" return msg
[docs] def format_options_error(self): """ Return a fuzzy match message based on the OptionError """ allowed_keywords = self.allowed_keywords target = allowed_keywords.target matches = allowed_keywords.fuzzy_match(self.invalid_keyword) if not matches: matches = allowed_keywords.values similarity = 'Possible' else: similarity = 'Similar' loaded_backends = Store.loaded_backends() target = f'for {target}' if target else '' if len(loaded_backends) == 1: loaded = f' in loaded backend {loaded_backends[0]!r}' else: backend_list = ', '.join([repr(b) for b in loaded_backends[:-1]]) loaded = f' in loaded backends {backend_list} and {loaded_backends[-1]!r}' group = f'{self.group_name} option' if self.group_name else 'keyword' return ( f"Unexpected {group} '{self.invalid_keyword}' {target}" f"{loaded}.\n\n{similarity} keywords in the currently " f"active '{Store.current_backend}' renderer are: " f"{matches}\n\nIf you believe this keyword is correct, " "please make sure the backend has been imported or loaded " "with the hv.extension." )
[docs]class AbbreviatedException(Exception): """ Raised by the abbreviate_exception context manager when it is appropriate to present an abbreviated the traceback and exception message in the notebook. Particularly useful when processing style options supplied by the user which may not be valid. """ def __init__(self, etype, value, traceback): self.etype = etype self.value = value self.traceback = traceback self.msg = str(value) def __str__(self): return ( f'{self.etype.__name__}: {self.msg}\n\n' 'To view the original traceback, catch this exception and ' 'call print_traceback() method.' )
[docs] def print_traceback(self): """ Print the traceback of the exception wrapped by the AbbreviatedException. """ traceback.print_exception(self.etype, self.value, self.traceback)
[docs]class abbreviated_exception: """ Context manager used to to abbreviate tracebacks using an AbbreviatedException when a backend may raise an error due to incorrect style options. """ def __enter__(self): return self def __exit__(self, etype, value, traceback): if isinstance(value, Exception): raise AbbreviatedException(etype, value, traceback)
[docs]@contextmanager def options_policy(skip_invalid, warn_on_skip): """ Context manager to temporarily set the skip_invalid and warn_on_skip class parameters on Options. """ settings = (Options.skip_invalid, Options.warn_on_skip) (Options.skip_invalid, Options.warn_on_skip) = (skip_invalid, warn_on_skip) try: yield finally: (Options.skip_invalid, Options.warn_on_skip) = settings
[docs]class Keywords(param.Parameterized): """ A keywords objects represents a set of Python keywords. It is list-like and ordered but it is also a set without duplicates. When passed as **kwargs, Python keywords are


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text:
The history of mazes and labyrinths goes back to ancient times and the Minotaur and Labyrinth from Greek mythology. From there, mazes were built in pebbles, earth and more, and in 1690 the oldest surviving hedge maze was created – the Hampton Court Maze in Greater London
Who invented the corn maze?
The history of mazes in corn fields goes back to 1993. Don Frantz and Adrian Fisher worked together to design and build the first corn maze in the United States, at Lebanon Valley College, in east-central Pennsylvania. The first corn maze was only on 3 acres and had 1.92 miles of pathway, and was officially certified by Guinness as the world's largest corn maze (though others have long since surpassed that record)
One difference of corn mazes in the US as compared to traditional hedge mazes is the addition of puzzles or other brainteasers that are often needed to be solved in order to complete the maze. Typically a corn maze will also be cut in a particular shape, whereas traditional hedge mazes were generally in geometric patterns
The first corn maze was titled "The Amazing Maize Maze" (see what I mean about those puns?!) and was shaped in the form of "Cornelius, the Cobasaurus"

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Financial, Encyclopedia.
1. To move away from someone or something. I hugged my parents for as long as I could before the train whistle blew and we drew away from each other. As soon as I heard the buzzing bees, I drew away from the flowers.
2. To move someone or something away from someone or something else. In this usage, a noun or pronoun can be used between "draw" and "away." I drew my toddler away from the cat when I saw how vigorously she was petting it.
3. To pass one's fellow competitors, as in a race. I knew I had a chance to win the race when I drew away from the fastest girl in the heat.
4. To take the focus of a situation away from someone or something else. I can't believe my own sister got engaged a week before my wedding, totally drawing the attention away from me!
Farlex Dictionary of Idioms. © 2015 Farlex, Inc, all rights reserved.
draw (some kind of attention) away
(from someone or something ) to capture attention or praise due to someone or something. Her sterling performance drew attention away from the big star in one of the other roles. She drew away too much notice by her late arrival at the party.
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of American Idioms and Phrasal Verbs. © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
1. Pull off or back, as in He drew his chair away from the fire.
2. Move ahead of competitors, as in On the last lap Jim drew away from the other runners.
The American Heritage® Dictionary of Idioms by Christine Ammer. Copyright © 2003, 1997 by The Christine Ammer 1992 Trust. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
1. To pull something away: I drew the dogs away from the creek. The babysitter drew away the children from the stranger.
2. To pull back from someone or something: The jury drew away from the bloody photograph. The man reached toward us, but we drew away.
3. To move ahead of competitors, as in a race: In the last lap, the leader drew away from the pack.
4. To lure or attract something away from someone or something: Her speech drew attention away from the honoree. The national election drew away interest in our local news.
The American Heritage® Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs. Copyright © 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.


DoubletCalc1D is a software tool developed by TNO. Using a simple subsurface model and well design, it calculates the amount of water that can be produced with a pump of a certain power. DoubletCalc1D underlies the ThermoGIS calculation model, which is described in the Calculation model section. The DoubletCalc1D software and manual can be downloaded from
DoubletCalc1D input screen
Figure 5. DoubletCalc1D input screen.
In the input screen (figure 5), the aquifer properties (depth, thickness, permeability, net-to-gross ratio and temperature), the pump and doublet properties (return temperature, pump efficiency, pump pressure) and the simplified well design are specified. Next, the software calculates the flow rate this doublet could produce, the geothermal power given the specified return temperature and the COP (Coefficient of Performance) given the pump efficiency (figure 6).
DoubletCalc1D not only asks the user to enter the expected value of the aquifer properties, but also to estimate the minimum and maximum values. This introduces the uncertainty of the parameter estimate in the calculation. In particular, the permeability uncertainty is important. A triangular distribution is generated for all properties. A large number (>1000) of calculations is then executed, during which a value is drawn for each property from the triangular distribution. This allows the construction of a probability distribution curve of the geothermal power (figure 7). In the example shown, the expected power is 8.34 MWth. The likelihood that the power is at least 6.43 MWth is 90%, and the likelihood that the power is at most 11.22 MWth is 10%.
DoubletCalc1D output screen
Figure 6. DoubletCalc1D output screen.
DoubletCalc1D probablity distribution
Figure 7. Geothermal power probability distribution curve.


text:
For Migrants, Refugees and Sicilian Youth
17 Oct - 18 Nov 2016
Comunale di Floridia, Viale Turati, Floridia, Sicily
Presented by Sicilia Integra, Gaia Education, University of Catania and Passwork
An Official Contribution to the United Nations SDGs
A 5-week practical course designed to provide the knowledge and practical skills on regenerative and organic farming techniques in the context of the three dimensions of sustainability– environment, society and economy, with culture as an underlying dimension.
The course draws on the experience developed in a network of some of the most successful ecovillages and transition settings across the Earth and in the context of the booming Sicilian organic agriculture.
Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) approaches will support migrants and unemployed youth to reflect and act on viable alternatives towards food security while promoting good food and healthy diets, strengthening local economies and sustaining small enterprises and the viability of small farms.
It is expected that the combined tools of an interactive curriculum and a series of pilot activities will support a pathway for migrants and unemployed youth to develop new skills, improve their social status, create sustainable communities and enter the organic agriculture regional and European job market.
Week 1 - Social Design
May East, Chief Executive Gaia Education, Findhorn Ecovillage supported by Caterina Timpanaro and Vincenzo Santiglia
Week 2 - Economic Design
Massimo Candela, President Italian Permaculture Academy, Ecovillage Torri Superiore
Week 3 - Ecological Design
John Button, Permaculture Designer Educator, experience in 30 countries, 5 continents
Back to Sicilia Integra

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
For every All4You product you purchase, we give 10 percent more in berries to support finding a natural cure for chronic diseases.
Take one black raspberry. It teems with thousands upon thousands of bioactive organisms working together to grow into something great, eventually culminating into a powerfully delicious berry fruit unmatched in its healthy attributes that even the world's most brilliant scientists don't understand and can't replicate.
This all-powerful synergistic goodness is inspiring.
HOW WE DELIVER
We give 10 percent more in berries to support finding a natural cure for cancer and other chronic diseases. We firmly believe that finding a natural treatment for these diseases requires a diverse investment in three critical areas.
Child nutrition: Stopping diseases like cancer requires a ground-up approach. There are too many unhealthy distractions for our children growing up, so we believe it's our inherent responsibility to introduce healthy foods, using black raspberries as a model, to young school children in schools traditionally known for being unhealthy. The hope is that these school children will understand how important it is to eat healthily and exercise regularly by starting at a young age.
Sustainable farming: Supporting those who grow our food is just as important as eating it. Local farmers are continuously bombarded with high administrative costs and easily lured into growing crops that are easy to grow and have a profitable yield that takes valuable resources away from cultivating plants with superior health benefits. We believe in supporting innovative single farming practices to encourage the cultivation and profitability of rare and disease-resistant crops that organically burst with health benefits and are free from genetic modifications. Keep growing!
Clinical research: Currently, there are thousands of laboratory and clinical studies using plants like black raspberries in clinical trials to fight chronic disease. Plants used in these studies are expensive and hard to come by. Giving All4You partners with doctors and oncologists administering these studies and their patients and purchases the plants they need to continue their research. Fight where the disease is.
Creating a healthier world is what we're striving to do here at Wellberri, and we believe Giving All4You is a vehicle we can all use to strive toward that goal. Send us an email at _EMAIL_ with "All4You" in the subject line and follow the Wellberri blog for updates on the cause. Together we can make the world a healthier and happier place!


text:
I tell you it's tasty soup (Cabbage and Barley Soup from More with Less), but I made the mistake of using purple cabbage. At first the soup was a light lavender, but then it turned an odd shade of grey.
The former cabbage, barley, and carrots became unidentifiable things floating in sludge. Isn't that what storybook orphans were fed?
Lesson learned: we eat with our eyes.
Second lesson learned: use purple cabbage in raw preparations only.


Leave your reply
Clone existing servers if you need multiple servers with the same settings or want to move an existing server to another data center. If you clone an existing server, all settings will automatically be migrated. Cloning a server makes sense, for example, when migrating a server from a test into a development phase or adding an additional server. Clone a server as follows:
Prerequisites:
You are in the section Infrastructure > Servers.
 - Activate the desired server
 - At the top, click Actions > Clone.

cloning_a_server_01
The clone windows is displayed.
 - Click Advanced Options.
 - Select the desired data center.
Note:
The shorter the geographical distance between your servers and the users or visitors, the shorter are the loading times. To optimize the loading time, it is advisable to select a 1&1 data center, which is located as close as possible to your users and/or your visitors.
Attention:
The following resources must be set up seperately for each data center: * Shared Storages * Load Balancers * Private NEtworks * VPN
Note:
Firewall and monitoring policies can be assigned to all servers regardless of the selected 1&1 data center.
 - Click Yes.
The server will be created.
Attention:
A new IP is assigned to the cloned server!


Christina Mrozik's Stylized Nature Drawings
by Nastia VoynovskayaPosted on
Christina Mrozik creates detailed mixed-media drawings that reimagine her experiences with nature. She makes beauty out of the chaos of the animal kingdom, stylizing birds' bodies to fit into still life-like arrangements ornamented with flowers, bones and branches. But despite the stylistic similarities to still lifes, Mrozik's cranes and owls appear highly animated. She depicts the animals' struggles to survive, rendering the battles between species with graceful choreography that almost resembles a form of dance.
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Methods and formulas for T Chart
Select the method or formula of your choice.
Plotted points
Each plotted point, xi, represents the amount of time between successive events.
Center line and control limits
Center line (CL)
The center line is the 50th percentile of the distribution.
Lower control limit (LCL)
Upper control limit (UCL)
Φcumulative distribution function of the standard normal distribution
INVinverse cumulative distribution function
Kzdistance from the center line expressed in units of the standard deviation of a normal distribution; the value used for Test 1
Estimating the distribution parameters
The T chart analyzes the durations between subsequent events. If the data are entered as dates or times of events, then Minitab first converts the data to number of days between subsequent events. If all durations are greater than zero, then Minitab estimates the distribution parameters using the maximum likelihood method described in Parametric Distribution Analysis.
If one or more durations = 0
A duration of zero indicates that two events occurred simultaneously. If one or more durations is equal to zero, then Minitab uses an alternative method to estimate the parameters.
Let yi = the duration (in days) between event i and event i – 1. Let xi be defined as follows:
where Rank(xi) is the rank, from smallest to largest, of xi in x.
For each yi = 0, exclude yi and xi from the remaining calculations.
To estimate the parameters for the Weibull distribution, first transform both y and x by taking the natural log of each. Then use simple linear regression to fit the model y = β0 + β1x. The scale for the Weibull distribution is estimated as exp(β0) and the shape is estimated as 1 / β1.
The scale for the exponential distribution is estimated as the regression coefficient, β1, in the simple linear regression equation, y = β1x. Note that the intercept (β0) is not fit in this model.


text:
a manufacturing plant makes dishes that are carefully inspected for the right dimensions, quality, and product trends. after studies the factory does produce 15% defectives. most of these pieces are found through inspection and redone or thrown away. Suppose two pieces are randomly selected for inspection.
what is the probablity that both pieces are defect free?
what is the probablity that neither piece is defect free?
also, if at least one of the pieces has a flaw. what is the probability that both are defective?
thanks for any help with this problem.


text:
Ocean Nutrition Formula 2 Flake
Excellent flake diet for both herbivorous marine and freshwater fish. This algae boosted diet targets the needs of all marine and fresh water herbivorous fish. Feed as much as you fish will eat in 2-3 minutes. Distribution 3-4 times per day.
- Highly palatable staple food for marine and freshwater tropical fish.
- Extra algae to please the more herbivorous fish.
- High protein content and rich in vitamins.
- Improves coloration and vitality while boosting the immune system.
- Does not cloud the water.


Is baking soda safe for cats
Is baking soda safe for cats litter box?
Add baking soda to the litter. It makes a great all-natural deodorizer for your litter box. Some people ask if baking soda is safe for cats, and the answer is an unqualified yes! Baking soda is nontoxic, and by mixing a little of it with the litter, you can help absorb pet urine odors.
Can you put baking soda on a cat?
While high levels of acetic acid can be toxic to fleas, the acidic nature can also be harmful to the pets skin with repeated or long-term exposure. Baking soda has no known effect on fleas.
Is baking soda safe to use around pets?
Small amounts of baking soda are considered harmless to use around dogs, but feeding it to them is not recommended. Baking soda can be toxic to dogs if large quantities are ingested. 1 It's important to understand how to use it properly and keep your dog safe.
Is soda toxic to cats?
Pets may urinate more just like we do after drinking a couple of sodas. Cats and dog with too much caffeine on board may run a fever and become weak. In severe cases, pets may collapse or drift into a coma. And, unfortunately, some pets die.
Can you flush cat poop?
THE ANSWER: Yes, cat feces contains a parasite called Toxoplasma Gondii which is harmful to humans, and most cat litter shouldn't be flushed anyways because it causes major plumbing issues by clogging drains.
How can I make my house not smell like cat?
You might be interested: Baking soda for kidney stones
Does vinegar kill fleas on cats?
What meat should Cats avoid?
Is vinegar toxic to cats?
Does baking soda kill fleas?
Is hydrogen peroxide safe for cats?
Hydrogen peroxide is often used to induce vomiting in dogs, but is never safe to give to cats. Cats are sensitive to hydrogen peroxide and can develop irritation and bleeding of their stomach, which has been fatal to some cats.
What happens if you eat raw baking soda?
You might be interested: Baking soda gout mayo clinic
What can cats not eat?
Seven foods your cat shouldn't eat Milk, cheese and other dairy products. Many of us grew up with the image of kittens drinking milk or cream in cartoons or picture books. Chocolate. Raw eggs, meat or fish. Dog food. Bread and yeast. Tuna. Onions and garlic.
Can cats eat eggs?
Eggs. Eggs are another super source of protein for your cat. But make sure they're cooked. Like raw meat and fish, raw eggs can harm your kitty.
Why does my cat like the smell of coffee?
Cats have tremendously sensitive noses, lots more powerful than a human's. Because of this, pungent or "interesting" smells will often catch their interest and turn them on. I caught my cat Tut sniffing around my coffee cup for almost a minute one time, so I expect fresh coffee grounds should really grab his interest.
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Is baking soda good for plants
Who invented baking soda


text:
Toda, Luigi; Yokingco, John Colin E; Paringit, Enrico C; Lasco, Rodel
Majority of rice cultivation areas in the Philippines are susceptible to excessive flooding owing to intense rainfall events. The study introduces the use of fine scale flood inundation modelling to map cultivation areas in Apalit, a rice-producing municipality located in the province of Pampanga in the Philippines. The study used a LiDAR-based digital elevation model (DEM), river discharge and rainfall data to generate flood inundation maps using LISFLOOD-FP. By applying spatial analysis, rice...[Show more]
Items in Open Research are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.


text:
Colum's research focuses on the development and applications of phase-imaging techniques in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). He is particularly interested in focused-probe electron ptychography: an imaging technique capable of visualising light elements and radiation-sensitive materials on the atomic scale. However, the implementation of electron ptychography for imaging such materials currently faces several challenges.
Firstly, the cameras used to collect the data are 100 times slower than the detectors used for conventional STEM imaging modes. To overcome this issue, Colum and others have used binary data acquisition to increase camera readout speeds by a factor of 10. Faster detector speeds allow data acquisition to be performed using much lower electron intensities, enabling imaging of beam sensitive materials such as zeolites, polymers and energy materials.
Another challenge of imaging radiation-sensitive materials using ptychography is the efficiency of the imaging method. Colum has been studying the contrast transfer mechanisms and noise considerations of electron ptychography to better understand how ptychographic techniques can be applied to noisy data sets.
Colum is a final year DPhil Candidate in Materials, originally from Dublin, Ireland. He completed his bachelor's degree in Physics at Trinity College Dublin, after which he moved to Oxford to pursue his graduate studies. Outside of the lab, Colum enjoys playing Gaelic football, running in muddy fields and telling poor-quality jokes.
30.15 Holder Building
Department of Materials, University of Oxford
Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH
Telephone: 01865 273661
Fax: 01865 273789
Email address: _EMAIL_


text:
White Rock (Cambria) SMCA
Shoreline Boundary Landmarks:
This area is bounded by the mean high tide line and straight lines connecting the following points in the order listed:
35° 32.85' N. lat. 121° 05.85' W. long.;
35° 32.85' N. lat. 121° 06.70' W. long.;
35° 30.50' N. lat. 121° 05.00' W. long.; and
35° 30.50' N. lat. 121° 03.40' W. long.
California Department of Fish and Wildlife
- Recreational Fishing:
- Allowed Species: None
- Prohibited Species: All
- Commercial Fishing:
- Allowed Species: Giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) and bull kelp (Nereocystis spp.) under the following conditions:
- Any individual kelp harvester with a valid permit issued pursuant to Section 165 and holding a valid lease to Administrative Kelp Bed 208 may take no more than 125 tons of kelp from the portion of Administrative Kelp Bed 208 within the White Rock (Cambria) State Marine Conservation Area in any calendar month.
- Duplicate landing records must be kept on board the harvest vessel in accordance with the requirements of Section 165.
- Prohibited Species: All other living marine resources EXCEPT those listed above.
Effective as of: September 21, 2007


text:
The Political Aesthetics of IdeologyeBook - 2007
This timely new monograph takes as its starting point the provocative contention that Holocaust film scholarship has been marginalized academically despite the crucial role Holocaust film has played in fostering international awareness of the Nazi genocide and scholarly understandings of cinematic power. The book suggests political and economic motivations for this seeming paradox, the ideological parameters of which are evident in debates and controversies over Holocaust films themselves, an ...
Publisher: Newcastle upon Tyne : Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2007
Characteristics: 1 online resource (238 pages)


What does these operator mean **, ^, %, // ?
+4 votes
I know the basic operators (+,_,*,/) but I get confuse between the complex ones such as **, ^, %, //. What does these operators mean and for what it is used?
Apr 11, 2018 in Python by ana1504.k
- 7,890 points
83 views
3 answers to this question.
+3 votes
Best answer
** - Performs exponential (power) calculation on operators
^ - Binary XOR
% - Modulus (Divides left hand operand by right hand operand and returns remainder)
// - divide with integral result (discard remainder)
Consider the below example:
a=10
b=20
print(a**b)
print(a^b)
print(a%b)
print(a//b)
Output:
100000000000000000000
30
10
0
answered Apr 11, 2018 by anto.trigg4
- 3,440 points
selected Oct 12, 2018 by Omkar
+1 vote
You can find all of those operators in the Python language reference, though you'll have to scroll around a bit to find them all. As other answers have said:
 - The ** operator does exponentiation. a ** b is a raised to the b power. The same ** symbol is also used in function argument and calling notations, with a different meaning (passing and receiving arbitrary keyword arguments).
 - The ^ operator does a binary xor. a ^ b will return a value with only the bits set in a or in b but not both. This one is simple!
 - The % operator is mostly to find the modulus of two integers. a % b returns the remainder after dividing a by b. Unlike the modulus operators in some other programming languages (such as C), in Python a modulus it will have the same sign as b, rather than the same sign as a. The same operator is also used for the "old" style of string formatting, so a % b can return a string if a is a format string and b is a value (or tuple of values) which can be inserted into a.
 - The // operator does Python's version of integer division. Python's integer division is not exactly the same as the integer division offered by some other languages (like C), since it rounds towards negative infinity, rather than towards zero. Together with the modulus operator, you can say that a == (a // b)*b + (a % b). In Python 2, floor division is the default behavior when you divide two integers (using the normal division operator /). Since this can be unexpected (especially when you're not picky about what types of numbers you get as arguments to a function), Python 3 has changed to make "true" (floating point) division the norm for division that would be rounded off otherwise, and it will do "floor" division only when explicitly requested. (You can also get the new behavior in Python 2 by putting from __future__ import division at the top of your files. I strongly recommend it!)
answered Oct 12, 2018 by findingbugs
- 4,770 points
+1 vote
answered Oct 12, 2018 by abc
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answered Jul 6, 2019 in Python by Neha
- 330 points
edited Jul 8, 2019 by Kalgi 642 views
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what is the practical use of polymorphism in Python?
Polymorphism is the ability to present the ...READ MORE
answered Mar 31, 2018 in Python by anto.trigg4
- 3,440 points
1,964 views
+4 votes
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text:
Government allows RBI to print Rs 10 plastic notes
The Union Finance Ministry has given permission to Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to conduct field trials of plastic (polymer-based) currency notes of Rs 10 denominations.
It was announced by Union Minister of State (MoS) for Finance Arjun Ram Meghwal in a written reply in the Lok Sabha.
- These notes will be first introduced in five cities (not yet declared) across the country with diverse geographical and climatic conditions.
- The Finance Ministry has asked the RBI to go ahead with the procurement of the requisite plastic substrate material and approved the printing of plastic Rs. 10 notes.
- The plastic notes are considered to be cleaner than paper (cotton substrate-based) currency notes. They will last longer (average life span of about 5 years) and are difficult to counterfeit.
Under the previous UPA Government, Parliament was told in February 2014 about a plan to print one billion plastic notes of Rs. 10 denomination for a field trial in five cities viz. Kochi, Mysuru, Jaipur, Shimla and Bhubaneswar.
Note: Plastic currency notes were first adopted by Australia in 1988 and are now used in more than 20 countries. These notes are smaller and stronger than cotton-based paper notes. They also have more security features that make them harder to counterfeit.
Categories: India Current Affairs 2017


text:
Seven New Stormwater Harvesting Schemes for Brisbane
Brisbane City Council is embracing stormwater harvesting as a form of decentralised water supply, with seven new schemes being rolled out around Brisbane.
Bligh Tanner has designed four of these schemes located at Norman Park, Langlands Park, Sexton Street in Tarragindi (in the Norman Creek catchment), and Downey Park on Breakfast Creek.
All four schemes will provide off-stream storage and treatment to supply an estimated 125 ML per year of water for the irrigation of nearby sporting fields.
Downey Park and Norman Creek are unique in that they will use existing stormwater drains combined with an innovative floating flood gate to create highly cost-effective water storage. Bligh Tanner has designed the flood gate to accommodate both extremes of Brisbane's weather – from the very dry to the very wet. The flood gate will exclude salty tidal flows in dry weather while in wet weather allow stormwater to pass without causing upstream flooding.
'Stormwater harvesting is still relatively new as a form of decentralised water supply. Our scheme provides a cost effective, sustainable and reliable alternative water supply that reduces the demands on the potable water supply system,' said David Hamlyn-Harris, Director, Bligh Tanner.
The projects have received funding support from the Australian Government's National Urban Water and Desalination Plan: Stormwater Harvesting and Reuse program. Detailed design and tender documentation is complete, with construction expected to commence mid 2014.
Image courtesy Brisbane Marketing


text:
The use of structural equation modeling (SEM) has grown dramatically in the field of management information systems (MIS) in the past twenty years, but SEM's focus has been primarily on cross-sectional data sets. Functionally, SEM has been used to test measurement and path models, but the SEM approach has not been applied to repeated measures designs. In this article, we describe latent growth models (LGMs), an extension of SEM, which focuses on how observed and/or latent variables change over time. The purpose of this paper is to provide a primer on the use of LGMs, as well as to advocate for its use to extend MIS theory. We illustrate several flexible applications of LGMs using longitudinal data, including conditional, unconditional, and dual growth models. We discuss the advantages of using LGMs over other more traditional longitudinal approaches, and highlight areas in MIS where researchers can use this technique effectively.
Serva, Mark A.; Kher, Hemant; and Laurenceau, Jean-Philippe
"Using Latent Growth Modeling to Understand Longitudinal Effects in MIS Theory: A Primer,"
Communications of the Association for Information Systems: Vol. 28
, Article 14.
Available at: _URL_


text:
1. Quote - Listen to the quote and guess what the slang means.
"What are the chances there is a God, really? He is a blank slate, and we saw him as black."
- Actress and comedian Sarah Silverman on representing God as a black person on The Sarah Silverman Program. (men dot style dot com)
1. Definition - Study the definition.
undeveloped, free of information or associations; the idea that all knowledge is learned, that you're born knowing nothing
2. Use - Learn how the slang is used.
This one goes back to Latin. The phrase tabula rasa is used by philosophers to discuss the idea that people aren't with any built-in knowledge.
Tabula rasa translates to English as blank slate and it has many simple uses in addition to the philosophical meaning. Anything that can be manipulated freely is a blank slate. If you're at a party and everyone has just arrived, you could say it is a blank slate. Everyone could dance, or sing, or play a game or sit and talk. It will be what you make it.
A slate is a flat piece of rock that ancient people used to carve messages into. It's sort of like a blank piece of paper. When you think about it, God is sort of like a blank piece of paper too. If you asked a group of people to draw God, they would all draw different things because there is no shared idea of what God looks like.
When an interviewer asked Sarah Silverman about how God is portrayed by a black man on her television show, she replies that God is a blank slate. He could be any race. Heck, he could be a giant alligator. Silverman is unsure if God exists, so she certainly has no idea about how he would look. So she filled in the blank slate however she liked.
1. Examples - Hear some example sentences.
"My little brother is new to the world of rock music. He's a total blank slate, so I intend to show him all the coolest bands and make sure he has good taste. "
"When you first start your blog, it's a blank slate. It can be whatever you want it to be. But as you gain readers, they'll develop expectations.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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An assessment of particle filtering methods and nudging for climate state reconstructions
Climate of the Past , Volume 9 p. 1141- 1152
Using the climate model of intermediate complexity LOVECLIM in an idealized framework, we assess three data-assimilation methods for reconstructing the climate state. The methods are a nudging, a particle filter with sequential importance resampling, and a nudging proposal particle filter, and the test case corresponds to the climate of the high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere during the past 150 years. The data-assimilation methods constrain the model by pseudo-observations of surface air temperature anomalies obtained from the same model but different initial conditions. All three data-assimilation methods provide with good estimations of surface air temperature and of sea ice concentration, with the nudging proposal particle filter obtaining the highest correlations with the pseudo-observations. When reconstructing variables that are not directly linked to the pseudo-observations such as atmospheric circulation and sea surface salinity, the particle filters have equivalent performance and their correlations are smaller than for surface air temperature reconstructions but still satisfactory for many applications. The nudging, on the contrary, obtains sea surface salinity patterns that are opposite to the pseudo-observations, which is due to a spurious impact of the nudging on vertical exchanges in the ocean.
|Copernicus GmbH ((Germany) Katlenburg-Lindau)
|Climate of the Past
Dubinkina, S., & Goosse, H. (2013). An assessment of particle filtering methods and nudging for climate state reconstructions. Climate of the Past, 9, 1141–1152.


How to Tell When Worn Sprockets Have to Go
Sprockets that have worn beyond a certain point will cause rapid chain wear and should be replaced as soon as possible. But how much wear is too much, and what sort of visual inspection can you carry out to determine this?
If you look at the faces of the sprocket teeth you'll see an indication of the amount of wear that has already occurred. This will be seen as a polished worn strip, about the pitch circle diameter, on each of the teeth as shown in the diagram.
How to assess sprocket tooth wear
If the depth of the wear, X, has reached a value equal to 10% of the dimension Y, then the sprocket has reached the end of its life and needs to be replaced. It's worth pointing out that low cost, poor quality sprockets on most industrial applications are a false economy. A good quality sprocket should last through the life of several chains before anything like the amount of wear shown here will have occurred.
When changing sprockets it's a good time to check the alignment of both the sprockets and the shafts to which they are fitted. Misaligned sprockets is another factor in premature chain wear. Accurate alignment of shafts and sprocket tooth faces provides uniform distribution of load across the entire chain width and contributes substantially to achieving maximum life. Also, use a straight edge across the machined faces of the sprockets in several different positions, if possible, as a check against wobble.
Tip: a nylon line or laser sight tool is a good substitute for a straight edge, particularly for drive systems with long centre distances.
Should end-wise float of shafts be present make due allowance so that sprocket alignment is correct at the mid position of float. When alignment is correct within closest practical limits, drive the keys home and make a final check on sprocket alignment. If you're fitting new chain at the same time don't forget to correctly lubricate it. The lubrication that's on the chain when it comes out of the box is only sufficient to prevent corrosion and aid initial bedding in.
There are some industrial applications on which even standard chain won't offer the performance and wear life of one selected from our range of Solution Chains. Factors like the inability to lubricate, hostile environments, regular wash downs and arduous conditions will reduce the performance of standard chain and cause it to wear rapidly.
Discuss your application with our skilled team today.
Renold have developed a range of High-Performance sprockets that are induction harderened, further corrosion resistant and surface treated for a longer life. Found out more here
12B 18H Printed Logo CUTOUT Resized For Web


CIPFA webinar - Understanding Outcomes Measurement - Thursday 8 December
Date: Thu, 12/08/2016 - 12:30 to 13:30
Thursday 8 December 2016 at 12.30
This webinar will focus on the fundamentals of outcomes management, including how effective outcomes can be identified, measured, and linked back to organisational objectives.
About this event
This FREE, short, 45-minute webinar, run over a lunchtime, can be accessed anywhere that you can get an internet connection and on any device that is internet enabled.
As well as accessing this webinar from desktop and laptop computers, you can also access this webinar from a smartphone or tablet using the free GoToMeeting app available on the App Store and Google Play. Please download this app well in advance of the broadcast time. You may also need headphones to ensure privacy and reduced background noise from your chosen location.
Who should attend?
All those working in finance who have an interest in understanding more about outcomes measurement at the organisational level.
Webinar topics
 - Just what are outcomes and how do they differ from 'impacts', 'benefits' and other jargon?
 - How are they connected to national-level outcomes and targets?
 - How can outcomes be identified against the background noise of ever-changing shifts in people's attitudes and behaviours?
 - How do you link outcomes back to what organisations actually do?
 - How are effective outcome measures identified and used to improve things?
How to participate
Once you have signed up for this webinar, we will email you with joining instructions and a link to the webinar. Previously recorded webinars can be accessed on our YouTube channel and further details regarding our webinar programme can be found on our webinar web page
For more details please do not hesitate to call us on T: _PHONE_ 5600
Featured speakers:
Brendan McCarron: Academy Facilitator and CIPFA Senior Associate Brendan is a much sought-after consultant, trainer, writer and speaker on leadership, project management, innovation, process improvement and performance management. He has held senior management and consultancy positions in both the private and public sector.
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13/09/2024
Posts
What Is SID – Standard Instrument Departure ?
Hello, when considered as a whole, air traffic management consists of many rules and practices with extremely complex and technical details. Well, have you ever thought? What maneuvers do aircraft do after they take off from airports? What altitudes do they climb and what paths do they follow? Let's take a closer look at the concept of SID (Standard Instrument Departure).
SID – It is a term that emerged as an abbreviation of Standard Instrument Departure. The Standard Instrument departure (SID) is defined for the section between the take-off stage and the en-route stage. The SID is a standard ATS route defined in an instrument departure procedure that aircraft must follow in this section.
The naming of SIDs may vary between regions. In most of Europe, SID procedures are usually named after the final Fix of the procedure, which often lies on an airway, followed optionally by a version number and often a single letter. Foe example ATSOL1E – BERGO1G…
The generally targeted results with Standard Instrument Departures are as follows.
– SIDs are produced to accelerate the safe and efficient flow of air traffic departing from the same or different runways at the same or nearby airports.
* SIDs aim to resolve potentially conflicting traffic using specific maneuvers, directions, levels, speed restrictions and checkpoints.
– SIDs are designed to maintain separation between terrains and aircraft.
* If necessary, SIDs are designed with the purpose of noise abatement in mind.
Standard Instrument Departure
SID – STAR Definition
Resource: Eurocontrol, Skybrary


If you walk around a track or do laps on a walking trail, you're probably interested in tracking the number of times you complete the circuit. If you use a long trail, counting laps won't be difficult. But it's easy to lose count if you're walking around a short trail or a quarter-mile track, especially if you're walking and talking with someone, or listening to music. To monitor your walking progress, make sure you're prepared with a foolproof method for counting your laps.
Step 1
Purchase a lap counter, or put a free lap-counting app on your smartphone. Push the appropriate button every time you complete a lap.
Step 2
Tally your laps using a piece of paper. Carry a small notepad and a pencil or pen, then place a mark on the top page every time you complete a lap. Alternatively, write down a number for each lap you plan to walk, then cross them out along the way. For example, if you're going to walk 10 laps, write down the numbers 1 through 10. Cross off the highest number each time you cross the starting line to tell you how many laps you have remaining.
Step 3
Collect some popsicle sticks and place them in a paper cup. Make sure you have a stick for each lap you plan to complete. Put the cup at your starting line, then remove one stick every time you pass the cup. When you lift the final stick, you've achieved your goal. Or do the process in reverse by starting with a bunch of sticks, then placing one in the cup each time you pass the starting line. If you're walking an outdoor trail and don't want to bring anything with you from home, pick up one small stone or pebble for each lap you plan to walk, just before you begin. Toss one pebble back on the ground every time you walk past the starting line. Alternatively, stop and put a small pebble in your pocket after every lap, then count the pebbles when your walk is over.


Complexities When AI Autonomous Cars Attempt Zipper Merging
 Complexities When AI Autonomous Cars Attempt Zipper Merging
By Lance Eliot, the AI Trends Insider
You undoubtedly know what a zipper merge is, though the name of it might seem unfamiliar.
Here's how it goes. Imagine you are driving along on the highway, minding your own business, when you spy up ahead an indication that your lane is being narrowed out and you'll need to get over into the other lane next to you. An electronic board sign is flashing warnings that your existing lane is going to end soon ("Merger Ahead" it veritably screams at you). In addition, a series of weather-worn red cones are set up in your lane that inch you over, step-by-step, and are positioned to gradually shunt all traffic out of the lane you are in.
It is the classic 2-into-1 traffic control squeeze play.
This is also commonly known as the zipper merge because it looks like a zipper as cars are pinned into veering from two lanes into one. Anyone that drives around with any frequency is apt to encounter these 2-into-1 situations on any given day and during any given driving journey. They exist aplenty.
So, what do you do?
One answer is that upon immediately spotting that a merger request is being proffered, you would as quickly and as safely as feasible guide your car into the next lane over and expeditiously get out of the lane that is going to disappear. You would not wait. You would not remain in the vanishing lane. You would act decisively and obey what you believe to be a lawful order to switch lanes. Let's label that kind of driver as an Early Merge type of person, employing a driving strategy of trying to perform the merging action as soon as possible.
Another answer to the driving scenario is to try and remain in the fading lane as long as you can. The idea is to wait until the last possible moment and then dart over into the remaining available lane. In some ways, this is kind of exciting and maybe provides a bit of a thrill. In any case, the person using this approach is apt to be thinking that there is no particular reason to act like a scaredy-cat and abandon a perfectly good lane, postponing the abandonment until the only option left involves getting out and into the bordering lane. We'll label this kind of driver as the Late Merge type of person.
Okay, so which camp do you fall into, the Early Merge members of society or the Late Merge members of our world? This is where the heated and acrimonious debates start to unfold.
The Early Merge types are bound to exhort that the Late Merge people are miscreants. Those Late Merge drivers are outright idiots that do not realize they ought to obey the indicated signs and get over in a prudent, timely, and earliest feasible way. Doing so is decidedly safer for all concerned. When those dolts dart over at the endpoint of merging, they are going to create trouble, heaps, and heaps
Source - Continue Reading:
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OneFrameImageStreamCompleter class
Manages the loading of dart:ui.Image objects for static ImageStreams (those with only one frame).
Inheritance
Constructors
OneFrameImageStreamCompleter(Future<ImageInfo> image, { InformationCollector informationCollector })
Creates a manager for one-frame ImageStreams. [...]
Properties
hashCode int
The hash code for this object. [...]
read-only, inherited
runtimeType Type
A representation of the runtime type of the object.
read-only, inherited
Methods
addListener(ImageListener listener, { ImageErrorListener onError }) → void
Adds a listener callback that is called whenever a new concrete ImageInfo object is available or an error is reported. If a concrete image is already available, or if an error has been already reported, this object will call the listener or error listener synchronously. [...]
inherited
debugFillProperties(DiagnosticPropertiesBuilder description) → void
Accumulates a list of strings describing the object's state. Subclasses should override this to have their information included in toString.
inherited
noSuchMethod(Invocation invocation) → dynamic
Invoked when a non-existent method or property is accessed. [...]
inherited
removeListener(ImageListener listener) → void
Stop listening for new concrete ImageInfo objects and errors from its associated ImageErrorListener.
inherited
reportError({String context, dynamic exception, StackTrace stack, InformationCollector informationCollector, bool silent: false }) → void
Calls all the registered error listeners to notify them of an error that occurred while resolving the image. [...]
@protected, inherited
setImage(ImageInfo image) → void
Calls all the registered listeners to notify them of a new image.
@protected, inherited
toDiagnosticsNode({String name, DiagnosticsTreeStyle style }) DiagnosticsNode
Returns a debug representation of the object that is used by debugging tools and by toStringDeep. [...]
inherited
toString({DiagnosticLevel minLevel: DiagnosticLevel.debug }) String
Returns a string representation of this object.
inherited
toStringShort() String
A brief description of this object, usually just the runtimeType and the hashCode. [...]
inherited
Operators
operator ==(dynamic other) bool
The equality operator. [...]
inherited


Re: st: Interaction effect or running seperate models
From "Clive Nicholas" <>
Subject Re: st: Interaction effect or running seperate models
Date Thu, 27 Sep 2007 05:49:13 +0100
Quang Nguyen wrote:
> Suppose, I had a simple model: Y = Ao + A1*X1 + A2*Z + u, where A2 is
> a categorical variable e.g., ethnicity. If I wanted to see how
> different ethnic groups may have different effect on Y, I can use an
> interaction term: X1*Z or I can run seperate equations fro each
> ethnicity. Can you tell me the advantage of each method?
Jaccard (2001: 17) provided a very good reason to prefer the
single-model analysis in the case of logistic regression. I don't
believe it would be any different for OLS regression:
"It is not uncommon for researchers [to calculate] seperate logistic
regression equations for males and females and then examining whether
the logistic coefficient for X is "statistically significant" (i.e.,
has an associated p value less than 0.05) in both analyses. If the
coefficient is statistically significant in one group but not in the
other, then the conclusion is that X is more important for the one
group than for the other. This logic is flawed because the researcher
never performs a formal statistical test of the _difference_ between
the logistic coefficients for the two groups."
You will, of course, note that is there is now a substantial research
literature that has called into question the practice of using
interaction terms in LR models (much of which has been discussed on
this list), but I hope this helps to answer the original question.
Clive Nicholas
[Please DO NOT mail me personally here, but at
<>. Thanks!]
Jaccard J (2001) "Interaction Effects In Logistic Regression", QASS
Series 135, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
* For searches and help try:


text:
Pages that link here:
As one of the most famous privateers of the English crown, Sir Francis Drake will forever be remembered in the history of the pirate lore. His lifelong exploits in the fights against the Spanish brought him incredible fame that remains celebrated even today.
Mary Read will forever be remembered as one of the rare female pirates that operated in the waters of the Caribbean. Here you can find the interesting story of her life, and the way she found herself on a deck of a pirate ship.
William Kidd is today remembered for his short and very turbulent career as a pirate. Even though he did not have successful career as a pirate, a trial in which he lost his life greatly popularized pirates in the Europe. Here you can find out more about his interesting life.
One of the most famous pirates of all time is without a doubt Henry Every, who managed to live a perfect dream of any pirate – during small period of his activity he managed to capture incredible treasure and then retire without being caught.


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- My Lab Essentials: 'The Swimming Professor' Andreas Fath
Editorial Article: My Lab Essentials: 'The Swimming Professor' Andreas FathIn the second article in our new series, My Lab Essentials, the 'Swimming Professor', Prof Dr Andreas Fath, from the University of Furtwangen, Germany, discusses his novel research into the electrochemical degradation of water contaminants and the equipment that is vital to his work.
Prof Dr Fath designed a novel device to electrochemically decompose fluorinated surfactants in waste water. He says "We designed a sustainable electrochemical decomposition device that uses the energy of the sun to produce an electrical current." This device could provide a technique to degrade contaminates that are usually difficult to destroy.
In 2014, Prof Dr Fath completed a 764-mile (1,231 km) swim of Germany's River Rhine to raise awareness of his research into water treatment, earning him the name the 'Swimming Professor'. The Rheines Wasser
project raised awareness of the importance of his research and sponsorship for the University of Furtwangen to purchase vital water analysis equipment. During the 28-day record breaking marathon swim, Prof Dr Fath collected water samples from the Rhine for analysis at the University of Furtwangen and other research institutions. The compounds analyzed from the Rhine included pesticides, pharmaceuticals and sweeteners.
Here are Prof Dr Fath's Lab Essentials, the technology he couldn't do without:
1. 4000 QTRAP® LC/MS/MS System
from AB SCIEX
2. Clarus GC/MS
from Perkin Elmer
3. Spotlight 200 FT-IR Imaging System
from Perkin Elmer
4. TENSOR™ series FT-IR spectrometers
from Bruker Optik GmbH
5. PGStat 101
6. 916 Ti-Touch Compact Titrator
7. 915 KF Ti-Touch
Which lab equipment makes your research possible? Review your lab equipment here
Image: Taken by Braxart/Furtwangen University


pH scale ( Read ) | Chemistry | CK-12 Foundation
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pH scale
Practice Now
The pH Scale
Why is grapefruit juice acidic?
Grapefruit juice has a pH of somewhere between 2.9-3.3, depending on the specific product. Excessive exposure to this juice can cause erosion of tooth enamel and can lead to tooth damage. The acids in grapefruit juice are carbon-based, with citric acid being one of the major constituents. This compound has three ionizable hydrogens on each molecule which contribute to the relatively low pH of the juice. Another component of grape juice is malic acid, containing two ionizable hydrogens per molecule.
The pH Scale
Expressing the acidity of a solution by using the molarity of the hydrogen ion is cumbersome because the quantities are generally very small. Danish scientist Søren Sørenson (_PHONE_) proposed an easier system for indicating the concentration of H + called the pH scale. The letters pH stand for the power of the hydrogen ion. The pH of a solution is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen-ion concentration.
pH = -log[H + ]
In pure water or a neutral solution the [H + ] = 1.0 × 10 -7 M. Substituting into the pH expression:
pH = -log[1.0 × 10 -7 ] = -(-7.00) = 7.00
The pH of pure water or any neutral solution is thus 7.00. For recording purposes, the numbers to the right of the decimal point in the pH value are the significant figures. Since 1.0 × 10 -7 has two significant figures, the pH can be reported as 7.00.
A logarithmic scale condenses the range of acidity to numbers that are easy to use. Consider a solution with [H + ] = 1.0 × 10 -4 M. That is a hydrogen-ion concentration that is 1000 times higher than the concentration in pure water. The pH of such a solution is 4.00, a difference of just 3 pH units. Notice that when the [H + ] is written in scientific notation and the coefficient is 1, the pH is simply the exponent with the sign changed. The pH of a solution with the [H + ] = 1 × 10 -2 M is 2 and the pH of a solution with the [H + ] = 1 × 10 -10 M is 10.
As we saw earlier, a solution with the [H + ] higher than 1.0 × 10 -7 is acidic, while a solution with the [H + ] lower than 1.0 × 10 -7 is basic. Consequently, solutions whose pH is less than 7 are acidic, while those with a pH higher than 7 are basic. The Figure below illustrates this relationship, along with some examples of various solutions.
The pH values for several common materials.
 - The concept of pH is defined.
 - pH values for several common materials are listed.
 - What is a buffer?
 - How much more acidic is vinegar than grapefruit?
 - How much more basic is soapy water than milk of magnesia?
 1. What is one value of using pH instead of molar concentrations?
 2. Is coffee an acidic or a basic substance?
 3. If a material has a pH of 9.3, is it acidic or basic?
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text:
Have you ever found that when editing existing text, sometimes the wrapping in the output changes unexpectedly?
The following screenshots depict what I mean:
This will occur if the zoom scale is different than what it was when the text was first created. So to prevent the issue, make sure the zoom is comparable to the original scale. You might want to try to standardize by using a tool like Zoom Sheet Size on the Navigation Bar before editing.
If you do find yourself in the scenario above, you should be able to undo the change by either using the Undo button or zooming in/out closer to the original scale and editing the text again, as shown in the following video:


text:
Learning Spaces in Africa
Critical Histories to 21st Century Challenges and Change
Ola Uduku Manchester School of Architecture
Monday 19 November
12:30pm Blackwells bookshop, University of Manchester
With a key UN Sustainable Development Goal for 2030 being to make basic education available to all the world's children, Learning Spaces in Africa explores the architectural, sociopolitical and economic policy factors that have contributed to school design, the main spaces for education and learning in Africa. It traces the development of school building design, focusing on Western and Southern Africa, from its emergence in the 19th century to the present day. Uduku's analysis draws attention to the past historic links of schools to development processes, from their early 19th century missionary origins to their re-emergence as development hubs in the 21st century. Learning Spaces in Africa uses this research as a basis to suggest fundamental changes to basic education, which respond to new technological advances, and constituencies in learning. Illustrated case studies describe the use of tablets in refugee community schools, "hole-in-the wall" learning and shared school-community learning spaces. This book will be beneficial for students, academics and those interested in the history of educational architecture and its effect on social development, particularly in Africa and with relevance to countries elsewhere in the emerging world.
20% Discount Available – enter the code SOC19 at checkout
For more information visit: _URL_


text:
Sierra Toolkit Version of the Day
|TimeBlockSynchronized (Timer &timer, ParallelMachine mpi_comm, bool start_timer=true)|
Class TimeBlockSynchronized is a time sentry for timing a statement block. The timer is generally started upon construction. But, the start is delayed if the second argument is false. In this case, manually start the timer by calling the start() function. This gives the safety of using a sentry, but does not force to awkwardness associated with local variables crossing the timed block.
Prior to starting the timer, an MPI synchronization barrier is set so that the timing of routines which require MPI communication will all be at a known location prior to executing.
Creates a new TimeBlockSynchronized instance. If start_timer is true, then the timer is started using the start(). An MPI_Barrier is called to synchronize the start of the timer. The destructor will always stop a started timer.
|timer||a Timer reference to the timer to start.|
|mpi_comm||a MPI_Comm value of the mpi communicator.|
|start_timer||a bool value to start the timer on construction.|


text:
Extra large Axe of Perun. Cast from bronze. Surface is smooth - you can decorate it with your own ornamentation. Size circa 4 x 4.9, weight approx. 16.9 g (!). Dimensions of the hole for the leather cord or the chainlet is cca 5 x 6 mm. Top side of the axe is decorated with GROMOVITI ZNACI (thunder marks of Perun).
Gromoviti znaci means thunder marks in English, and they are devoted to Perun. These symbols used to be often engraved upon roof beams of village houses in Eastern Europe, to protect old Slavs from lightning. They also represent people (dancing) around the fire - unity of the family, tribe - Slavic unity.
This axe amulet is based on a finding from the Khazar fortress of Sarkel (Саркел) excavated around the 1930s. The Slavs had controlled this fortress from 965 until the 12th century.
This AXE was made by Wulflund and maintained by Milan Soukup.


text:
Length: 8.5 - 9.5 mm
The Phymata species are the most commonly encountered Ambush Bugs in eastern North America. Two species are most commonly encountered in the region, Phymata pennsylvanica (shown here) and Phymata americana. The latter differs by having a continuously smooth margin of the connexivum, while P. pennsylvanica has a prominent notch on the fourth segment as seen in the photo at left.
Phymata Ambush Bugs are sit-and-wait predators that are well camouflaged on flower heads. When an insect comes within reach, they are quick to grab it with their massive forelegs. Despite their diminutive size they are seemingly fearless about grabbing bees and other large prey.
Right: Males of Phymata pennsylvanica are typically much smaller than females. They are also darker, though not always this dark. Even in the darkest males the legs and abdomen remain pale.
Punzalan et al. (2008) argue that evolutionarily speaking, darker males have had an advantage in warming more quickly in the sun, enabling them to find females and mate even under chilly conditions.
American Insects site


text:
KAMPALA – The government through the Ministry of Land Housing and Urban Development is finalizing the process of drafting the National Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy.
This was disclosed by the Assistant Commissioner, Policy Analysis in the Ministry, Harrisson Irumba, while opening the online and residential two days multi-stakeholders dialogue on responsible investment on land.
The dialogue held in Kampala was organized by German-Ugandan development cooperation (GIZ).
It brought together among other dignitaries, representatives of European Union and GIZ, Development partners, Academia, political and technical officers from both the central and local government.
Irumba, who represented the Permanent Secretary Ministry of Land Housing and Urban Development, Dorcas W.Okalany, said the National Land Acquisitions, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy will provide a framework for land acquisition, resettlement and rehabilitation of affected persons and communities.
"The policy has been developed taking into account emerging issues and international best practice with regards to land acquisition including acquisition of land for investment purposes," he said.
According to Irumba, the Ministry is also reviewing the Land Act, Cap 227; Land Acquisition Act, Cap 226; Registration of Titles Act, Cap 230; Survey Act among other laws to reforming a number of laws in the sector to cater for the emerging issues.
"We are also developing new laws such as the Uganda Land Commission law and the Valuation Law. All these laws have an impact on whether land for investment can be accessed, administered and managed," he said.
Irumba added that the Ministry is also implementing the National Land Information System, which is operational in all our 22 Ministry Zonal Offices (MZOs) across the country.
"With the establishment of Ministry's Zonal Offices, investors will be able to access land related services and information without going to the ministry headquarters as it used to be, which has improved on efficiency and effectiveness with regard to service delivery," he stated.
Daniel Kirumira, the GIZ land management specialist said, in partnership with the Ministry of Land Housing and Urban Development, they are implementing the two projects namely; Responsible Land Policy in Uganda Project (RELAPU) and Improvement of Land Governance in Uganda (ILGU).
"The 11.9million Euros (about Shs.52b) Responsible Land Policy Project in Uganda which was operationalized in 2019 and runs up to 2023 is in Teso region in the districts of Soroti and Katakwi in Teso region but also Mityana, Mubende Kasanda and Gomba in the central region," Kirumira added.
Kirumira explained that the project has operationalized what the National Land Policy and Land laws prescribe as avenues to secure tenure rights of rural communities in Uganda.
According to him, the impact of the projects is noticeable in the benefiting communities.
"Unlike customary land, where there are experiences from where Clearing Corporation of Options (CCOs) had been issued, the GIZ project in Greater Mubende was the first of its kind to document the rights of lawful and bonafide occupants on private Mailo land in Uganda region," said Kirumira.
He further revealed that the project generated new experiences and lessons that are informing policy decisions in regard to Mailo land tenure in Buganda region.
Samuel Eriaku, the GIZ Technical Advisor said, more than 1,189 free certificates of customary land ownership have so far been issued to the vulnerable households in the four districts of Teso and Lango sub-regions, since the Responsible Land Policy Project Uganda (RELAPU) started in 2016.
"Of the 7,001 pieces of land mapped in Teso (Soroti and Katakwi districts) where the project started in 2016, vulnerable households including the widows and orphans have so far received 1,089 certificates," said Eriaku.
Dokolo district has 572 pieces of land mapped of which more than 100 certificates have so far been issued since the project kicked off in Lango mid 2019.
Simon Peter Edoru Eku, the LCV Chairperson Soroti district, and the Ministry welcome this new project that is Promoting Responsible Governance of Investments in Land in Uganda.
He pledged to give it all the necessary support that is required during implementation.
"As we heard from the head of the component, the project is for five years, having started in 2019 and will end in 2023. We are almost half way through the project implementation and as leaders, we should support its implementation 100%," he urged.
He also asked the Ministry to address the challenge of accessing land for investments by the local investors as well as building their capacity in managing the established investments in Uganda.
The responsible investment in land project aims at fostering investments on land that are productive, contribute to sustainable land management and respects the rights and needs of the local population, including vulnerable groups and women.
Meanwhile, Geoffrey Ocan the National Project Manager at Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) underscored the need for the government to ensure that the investment on land should benefit everyone and not only the investors.
He pointed out that there is a need to follow the procedures for land acquisition processes, including resettlement and rehabilitation of affected communities and that the land use rights of the communities need also to be taken into account.
Measures to ensure responsible investment in land.
The government has, however, put in place measures which are policy, legal and administrative in nature to ensure that there is responsible investment on land.
One of such measures is the National Land Policy (2013) as a framework for administering and managing land and land-based resources in Uganda.
The policy also provides reforms geared towards having an efficient and effective land delivery system, which is a basis for poverty reduction, wealth creation and socio-economic transformation of the country.
The policy comprehensively articulates and addresses these and a variety of other land related issues, interests and policy objectives by harmonizing Uganda's diverse needs for human settlements, economic diversity, production, use and conservation of natural resources.
Above all, the policy has a whole section on access to land for investment and prescribes how investment in land should be done responsibly.
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Surface of revolution
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A portion of the curve x=2+cos z rotated around the z axis
A surface of revolution is a surface in Euclidean space created by rotating a curve (the generatrix) around an axis of rotation.[1]
Examples of surfaces of revolution generated by a straight line are cylindrical and conical surfaces depending on whether or not the line is parallel to the axis. A circle that is rotated about any diameter generates a sphere of which it is then a great circle, and if the circle is rotated about an axis that does not intersect the center of a circle, then it generates a torus which does not intersect itself (a ring torus).
The sections of the surface of revolution made by planes through the axis are called meridional sections. Any meridional section can be considered to be the generatrix in the plane determined by it and the axis.[2]
The sections of the surface of revolution made by planes that are perpendicular to the axis are circles.
Some special cases of hyperboloids (of either one or two sheets) and elliptic paraboloids are surfaces of revolution. These may be identified as those quadratic surfaces all of whose cross sections perpendicular to the axis are circular.
Area formula[edit]
If the curve is described by the parametric functions x(t), y(t), with t ranging over some interval [a,b], and the axis of revolution is the y-axis, then the area A_y is given by the integral
 A_y = 2 \pi \int_a^b x(t) \ \sqrt{\left({dx \over dt}\right)^2 + \left({dy \over dt}\right)^2} \, dt,
provided that x(t) is never negative between the endpoints a and b. This formula is the calculus equivalent of Pappus's centroid theorem.[3] The quantity
comes from the Pythagorean theorem and represents a small segment of the arc of the curve, as in the arc length formula. The quantity 2\pi x(t) is the path of (the centroid of) this small segment, as required by Pappus' theorem.
Likewise, when the axis of rotation is the x-axis and provided that y(t) is never negative, the area is given by[4]
 A_x = 2 \pi \int_a^b y(t) \ \sqrt{\left({dx \over dt}\right)^2 + \left({dy \over dt}\right)^2} \, dt.
If the curve is described by the function y = f(x), axb, then the integral becomes
A_x = 2\pi\int_a^b y \sqrt{1+\left(\frac{dy}{dx}\right)^2} \, dx = 2\pi\int_a^bf(x)\sqrt{1+\left(f'(x)\right)^2} \, dx
for revolution around the x-axis, and
A_y =2\pi\int_a^b x \sqrt{1+\left(\frac{dx}{dy}\right)^2} \, dy
for revolution around the y-axis (Using ayb). These come from the above formula.
For example, the spherical surface with unit radius is generated by the curve y(t) = sin(t), x(t) = cos(t), when t ranges over [0,\pi]. Its area is therefore
 &{}= 2 \pi \int_0^\pi \sin(t) \sqrt{\left(\cos(t)\right)^2 + \left(\sin(t)\right)^2} \, dt \\
 &{}= 2 \pi \int_0^\pi \sin(t) \, dt \\
 &{}= 4\pi.
For the case of the spherical curve with radius r \,, y(x) = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} rotated about the x-axis
 &{}= 2 \pi \int_{-r}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - x^2}\,\sqrt{1 + \frac{x^2}{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
 &{}= 2 \pi r\int_{-r}^{r} \,\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}\,\sqrt{\frac{1}{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
 &{}= 2 \pi r\int_{-r}^{r} \,dx \\
 &{}= 4 \pi r^2\,
A minimal surface of revolution is the surface of revolution of the curve between two given points which minimizes surface area.[5] A basic problem in the calculus of variations is finding the curve between two points that produces this minimal surface of revolution.[5]
Rotating a function[edit]
To generate a surface of revolution out of any 2-dimensional scalar function y=f(x), simply make u the function's parameter, set the axis of rotation's function to simply u, then use v to rotate the function around the axis by setting the other two functions equal to f(u)\sin v and f(u)\cos v. For example, to rotate a function y=f(x) around the x-axis starting from the top of the xz-plane, parameterize it as \vec r(u,v)=\langle u,f(u)\sin v,f(u)\cos v\rangle for u=x and v\in[0,2\pi].
Geodesics on a surface of revolution[edit]
Geodesics on a surface of revolution are governed by Clairaut's relation.
A toroid generated from a square
A surface of revolution with a hole in, where the axis of revolution does not intersect the surface, is called a toroid.[7] For example when a rectangle is rotated around an axis parallel to one of its edges, then a hollow square-section ring is produced. If the revolved figure is a circle, then the object is called a torus.
Applications of surfaces of revolution[edit]
The use of surfaces of revolution is essential in many fields in physics and engineering. When certain objects are designed digitally, revolutions like these can be used to determine surface area without the use of measuring the length and radius of the object being designed.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Analytic Geometry Middlemiss, Marks, and Smart. 3rd Edition Ch. 15 Surfaces and Curves, § 15-4 Surfaces of Revolution LCCN 68-15472 pp 378 ff.
 2. ^ Wilson, W.A.; Tracey, J.I. (1925), Analytic Geometry (Revised ed.), D.C. Heath and Co., p. 227
 3. ^ Calculus, George B. Thomas, 3rd Edition, Ch. 6 Applications of the definite integral, §§ 6.7,6.11, Area of a Surface of Revolution pp 206-209, The Theorems of Pappus, pp 217-219 LCCN 69-16407
 4. ^ Singh (1993). Engineering Mathematics (6 ed.). Tata McGraw-Hill. p. 6.90. ISBN 0-07-014615-2. , Chapter 6, page 6.90
 5. ^ a b Weisstein, Eric W.. "Minimal Surface of Revolution". Mathworld. Wolfram Research. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
 6. ^ Catenoid at MathWorld
 7. ^ Weisstein, Eric W., "Toroid", MathWorld.
External links[edit]


text:
i Bibbulmun Elder, Dale Tilbrook, said she started with a concept, but the piece took on a life of its own.
"Our original concept for the installation was for it to resemble a book of stamps, so that each section would be placed between the structure's rivets. I did a lot of research on the wealth of sea life in the local waters, and when the artists took inspiration from this, the piece materialised into something quite extraordinary," she said.
"This has been an important project for this group of Aboriginal artists at a time when the steady flow of interstate and international tourisms has been absent from the local galleries. Each artist shared in the commission and have now left their stamp on what will soon become a high traffic area of Albany."
The public artwork commission represents the value of 1% of the entire development and held a mandate to reflect or enhance the local cultural identity.
Co-ordinated by Minang Elder, Vernice Gillies, and printed by Indigenous owned and operated print company, Sista Girl, the artwork compilation incorporates sea animals from humpback whales to tiny blue ringed octopus and seahorses, displayed on vinyl panels sized between 2200 x 1100mm.
M/Group Managing Director, Mr Lloyd Clark, said the Indigenous artwork does not only pay homage to Albany's extraordinary natural asset, it also stands as a tribute to the significant contribution that Indigenous communities have had in the development of the new Bunnings property.
"The new Bunnings is the first of its kind to be constructed by Indigenous building services company, Marawar, and supported, where possible, by a fully owned and operated Indigenous supply chain. It is part of M/Group's commitment to the Reconciliation Action Plan to support Indigenous programs and initiatives," he said.
"The Bunnings development has allowed us to create a platform for Aboriginal people demonstrate their sheer capacity in delivering outstanding work.
"The new artwork installation will serve as an enduring reminder of their involvement and a visual backdrop to those visiting the new Bunnings building."
Accompanying the work will be a commemorative plaque:
The oceans surrounding Albany hold myriad treasures. A selection of these wondrous sea creatures has been painted by five Minang artists. Their work has been transformed into the pictures on the water tanks.
Bunnings Regional Operations Manager Hayley Coulson said she was excited to have the artwork ready for the new store's opening.
"We're really proud to have such incredible artwork from the local Minang artists as part of the new Bunnings Warehouse in Albany," she said.
"The new store is on track to open by the end of 2020 and we can't wait to welcome customers through the doors."


the render dialog select a format from the File Format menu. The format of the file determines whether you can render audio or video or both. Select the Render audio tracks toggle to generate audio tracks and Render video tracks to generate video tracks.
Select the wrench wrench.png next to each toggle to set compression parameters. If the file format can't store audio or video the compression parameters will be blank. If Render audio tracks or Render video tracks is selected and the file format doesn't support it, trying to render will pop up an error.
The Create new file at each label option causes a new file to be created when every label in the timeline is encountered. This is useful for dividing long audio recordings into individual tracks. When using the renderfarm, Create new file at each label causes one renderfarm job to be created at every label instead of using the internal load balancing algorithm to space jobs.
When Create new file at each label is selected, a new filename is created for every output file. If the filename given in the render dialog has a 2 digit number in it, the 2 digit number is overwritten with a different incremental number for every output file. If no 2 digit number is given, Cinelerra automatically concatenates a number to the end of the given filename for every output file.
In the filename /hmov/track01.wav the 01 would be overwritten for every output file. The filename /hmov/track.wav; however, would become /hmov/track.wav001 and so on and so forth. Filename regeneration is only used when either renderfarm mode is active or creating new files for every label is active.
Finally the render dialog lets you select an insertion mode. The insertion modes are the same as with loading files. In this case if you select insert nothing the file will be written out to disk without changing the current project. For other insertion strategies be sure to prepare the timeline to have the output inserted at the right position before the rendering operation is finished. See EDITING. Editing describes how to cause output to be inserted at the right position.
It should be noted that even if you only have audio or only have video rendered, a paste insertion strategy will behave like a normal paste operation, erasing any selected region of the timeline and pasting just the data that was rendered. If you render only audio and have some video tracks armed, the video tracks will get truncated while the audio output is pasted into the audio tracks.
If you want to render many projects to media files without having to repeatedly attend to the Render dialog, batch rendering is the function to use. In this function, you specify many EDL files to render and the unique output files for each. Then Cinelerra loads each EDL file and renders it automatically, without any user intervention. Each EDL file and its output to be rendered is called a batch. This allows a huge amount of media to be processed and greatly increases the value of an expensive computer.
The first thing to do when preparing to do batch rendering is define projects to be rendered. The batch renderer requires a separate EDL file for every batch to be rendered. Set up a project and define the region to be rendered either by highlighting it, setting in/out points around it, or positioning the insertion point before it. Then save the project as an EDL. Define as many projects as needed this way. The batch renderer takes the active region from the EDL file for rendering.
With all the EDL files prepared with active regions, go to File->batch render. This brings up the batch rendering dialog. The interface for batch rendering is a bit more complex than for single file rendering.
A list of batches must be defined before starting a batch rendering operation. The table of batches appears on the bottom of the batch render dialog and is called batches to render. Above this are the configuration parameters for a single batch.
Set the output path, file format, Audio, Video, and Create new file at each label parameters as if it was a single file. These parameters apply to only one batch. In addition to the standard rendering parameters, you must select the source EDL to use in the batch. Do this by setting the EDL path.
If the batches to render list is empty or nothing is highlighted, click New to create a new batch. The new batch will contain all the parameters you just set.
Repeatedly press the New button to create more batches with the same parameters. Highlight any batch and edit the configuration on the top of the batch render window. The highlighted batch is always synchronized to the information displayed.
Click and drag batches to change the order in which they're rendered. Hit delete to permanently remove the highlighted batch.
In the list box is a column which enables or disables the batch. This way batches can be skipped without being deleted. Click on the Enabled column in the list box to enable or disable a batch. If it is checked, the batch is rendered. If it is blank, the batch is skipped.
The other columns in the batch list are informative.
To start rendering from the first enabled batch, hit Start.
Once rendering, the main window shows the progress of the batch. Once the batch finishes, the elapsed column in the batch list is updated and the next batch is rendered until all the enabled batches are finished. The currently rendering batch is always highlighted red.
To stop rendering before the batches are finished without closing the batch render dialog, hit Stop.
To stop rendering before the batches are finished and close the batch render dialog, hit Cancel.
To exit the batch render dialog whether or not anything is being rendered, hit Cancel.
When bicubic interpolation and HDTV was first done on Cinelerra, the time needed to produce the simplest output became unbearable even on the fastest dual 1.7Ghz Xeon of the time. Renderfarm support even in the simplest form brings HDTV times back in line with SD while making SD faster than realtime.
While the renderfarm interface isn't spectacular, it's simple enough to use inside an editing suite with less than a dozen nodes without going through the same amount of hassle you would with a several hundred node farm. Renderfarm is invoked transparently for all file->render operations when it is enabled in the preferences.
Cinelerra divides the selected region of the timeline into a certain number of jobs which are then dispatched to the different nodes depending on the load balance. The nodes process the jobs and write their output to individual files on the filesystem. The output files are not concatenated. It's important for all the nodes to have access to the same filesystem on the same mount point for assets.
If a node can't access an input asset it'll display error messages to its console but probably not die. If it can't access an output asset it'll cause the rendering to abort.
It should be noted that in the render dialog, the Create new file at each label option causes a new renderfarm job to be created at each label instead of by the load balancer. If this option is selected when no labels exist, only one job will be created.
A Cinelerra renderfarm is organized into a master node and any number of slave nodes. The master node is the computer which is running the GUI. The slave nodes are anywhere else on the network and are run from the command line. Run a slave node from the command line with
cinelerra -d
That is the simplest configuration. Type cinelerra -h to see more options. The default port number may be overridden by passing a port number after the -d.
Most of the time you'll want to bring in the rendered output and fine tune the timing on the timeline. Also some file formats like MPEG can't be direct copied. Because of this, the jobs are left in individual files.
You can load these by creating a new track and specifying concatenate to existing tracks in the load dialog. Files which support direct copy can be concatenated into a single file by rendering to the same file format with renderfarm disabled. Also to get direct copy, the track dimensions, output dimensions, and asset dimensions must be equal.
MPEG files or files which don't support direct copy have to be concatenated with a command line utility. MPEG files can be concatenated with cat.
Configuration of the renderfarm is described in the configuration chapter See RENDERFARM. The slave nodes traditionally read and write data to a common filesystem over a network, thus they don't need hard drives.
Ideally all the nodes on the renderfarm have similar CPU performance. Cinelerra load balances on a first come first serve basis. If the last segment is dispatched to the slowest node, all the fastest nodes may end up waiting for the slowest node to finish while they themselves could have rendered it faster.
The command line rendering facility consists of a way to load the current set of batch rendering jobs and process them without a GUI. This is useful if you're planning on crashing X repeatedly or want to do rendering on the other side of a low bandwidth network. You might have access to a supercomputer in India but still be stuck in America, exhiled you might say. A command line interface is ideal for this.
To perform rendering from the command line, first run Cinelerra in graphical mode. Go to file->batch render. Create the batches you intend to render in the batch window and close the window. This saves the batches in a file. Set up the desired renderfarm attributes in settings->preferences and exit Cinelerra. These settings are used the next time command line rendering is used.
On the command line run
cinelerra -r
to processes the current batch jobs without a GUI. Setting up all the parameters for this operation is hard. That's why the command line aborts if any output files already exist.
Other parameters exist for specifying alternative files for the preferences and the batches. Attempting to use anything but the defaults is very


Phantom Matrix
From Ascension Glossary
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The Phantom Matrix: A fallen region of lower-dimensional spectrum originally from our Universal Time Matrix. It became a slowly degenerating black-hole reality and contains a fallen parallel Earth that the Bible refers to as the bottomless pit, Hades or Hell. Nevertheless if one fell into this, say, via the Falcon or Phoenix Grid wormholes on the basis of frequency affiliation one wouldn't necessarily encounter sheer misery and torment; there would be upper portions of this reality which initially might be indistinguishable from Earth as it is today, though one would soon realize the control and suppression was greater and from an ET government; also that it was an astral frequency dimension with no death of the body, except that one would slowly die in an imperceptibly imploding black-hole system (capable of lasting some hundreds of millions of years without external and internal sustenance.[1]
Over the last 5,500 years our planet has been operating on a "closed" bi-wave, reversal polarity system (see the Ages of Humanity chart). This means the Trinity wave of the Christos nor Cosmic Mother Arc were existing or accessible from within this planetary field during that timeline. A closed system means "finite energy supply". With finite energy supply, consuming others energies and parasitic relationships multiplied into massive proportions. These "feedlines" have clustered creating multiple infections of Dead Energy and Miasma in the Universe and all through the Planetary Time Matrix. These "infections" are called "phantom matrix" or dead spaces. These dead spaces have to feed on someone or something in order to exist. Or they are just like piles of infectious dead waste and pollution piled in a corner, just like massive trash dumps and plastic bottles littering the land and oceans of the Earth. It is the phantom or dead spaces that the NAA Controller Forces siphon our planetary energy into. They do this by manipulation of the bi-wave polarity fields and rotation of the electron particle by forcing the energy flow in disproportionate channels that feed their intended source. Usually the feedline is directed by and through the Alpha Draconis/Orion Group controllers.[2]
AI Timelines of Fallen Earth
We are providing a summation of the most common Historical Timeline Trigger Events that were generated during the Great Galactic War histories, in order to give greater context and meaning to the memory associations that occur throughout the remembering process. When we start to remember what has happened, this supports the reclamation of soul fragments and the returning of consciousness memories that were being manipulated by the AI version of the 3D timelines. (This is the Phantom Earth timelines). The NAA have used dimensional blending experiments and alien technology to eliminate certain historical timeline records and to manipulate the perception of important figures throughout human history, in order to control or eradicate these memories from the physical 3D matrix of human perception. This is intended to lure the human soul into the Phantom Earth powered up by AI technology and false timelines.
In order to be freed from the control of the AI reality, one must see it as false. The artificial reality is based on maintaining deceptions and manipulations that keep us ignorant of the larger truth of what has really happened to humanity. [3]
Hibernation Zones
Additional phantom area pockets or zones were created during the Atlantian Cataclysm through reversal electron or Light reversals made in sections of the earths field that were intended to inhabit by the NAA and intruding races to enslave the planet and humanity. This connects with the NETs that turned earth into a prison planet.
5D Earth, Tara
The 5D planet Tara exploded millions of years ago and as a result, was sucked into a reversal black hole which fragmented the entire fifth dimensional planetary blueprint into 12 planetary bodies in our current third dimensional Solar System. This includes the 3D version of Earth we inhabit in this Time Vector of the Universal Time Matrix. We exist in a lower dimension of Phantom Matrix created by the reversal black hole, which is the 3D earth timelines. These 12 planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Maldek, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, Nibiru and then the Sun star. Current science recognizes only seven planets of the twelve in our Solar System, along with dwarf planets. [4]
Tara and Tiamat aspects were companions in a Binary Star system in the higher dimensions. Binary Star Systems are common for ascending planets with advanced races. Tiamats explosion and destruction in the 5D universe, along with the planetary cataclysm of Tara, is the reason our planet earth descended into the Phantom Matrix and has an artificial satellite which is the Moon.
Tiamat as Phantom Matrix
This collision with Nibiru happened millenniums ago with a 5D planet that was between Jupiter and Mars referred to as the female principle Stellar body Tiamat. This collision was catastrophic and severed the consciousness units of Tiamat and her Moon consort (Apsu,then son Kingu) which were strewn into pieces of an asteroid belt. This asteroid belt changed the orbits of the inner planets and outer planets of our Solar System. The severed bodies and consciousness of the planet were absorbed into a Phantom Matrix and its physical remains plummeted into a descending orbit into the 3D density we now exist. It is a part of this 3D earth planet that we now exist upon.
References
 1. January 2008 Newsletter
 2. February 2011 Newsletter
 3. Historical Timeline Triggers
 4. List of gravitationally rounded objects of the Solar System
Term first found: Page 56, HGS Manual
See Also
False Timelines
Tiamat
Beast Machine