.11";
 inputs.flake-utils.url = "github:numtide/flake-utils";
 outputs = { self, nixpkgs, flake-utils }:
 flake-utils.lib.eachDefaultSystem (system:
 let
 pkgs = nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${system};
 in
 rec {
 defaultPackage = pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation {
 pname = "hello-world";
 version = "0.1.0";
 src = ./.;
 buildInputs = [ pkgs.gcc ];
 buildPhase = ''
 gcc -o hello hello.c
 '';
 installPhase = ''
 mkdir -p $out/bin
 cp hello $out/bin/
 '';
 };
 defaultApp = {
 type = "app";
 program = "${defaultPackage}/bin/hello";
 };
 }
 );
}
It's entirely a matter of opinion, but I feel that Nix flakes are a lot cleaner than regular Nix expressions. Once you start writing Nix files with more content, having them in flakes will come very handy.
Before I explain further, I'd ask you to try and build and run this flake. You can do this using nix run command. Nix is automatically able to identify that this is a flake and act accordingly.
But let's take some time to break down the content of our flake.nix file and what we did with it.
 1. We declare a description for an object. This is simply a metadata field. You don't really have to declare it, but it's certainly nice to have.
 2. We declare some inputs. Note that you can also declare inputs using inputs = { ... } where you're nesting fields in an object. However, since we don't really have a big object, we opted to use the . syntax for declaring fields on objects. For our example, we're declaring two inputs - nixpkgs and flake-utils. You're already familiar with nixpkgs from the previous example, and flake-utils is a nice library to work with flakes that we will discuss in a bit.
 3. Note that we follow inputs.<input-name>.url syntax to declare these inputs. Flakes have this brilliant ability to use this syntax and be able to parse different URLs and fetch the dependencies. For example, we're just referencing a GitHub repository from which Nix is supposed to be able to fetch our dependency. This feels a lot more declarative than our default.nix file where we had to download a Tar archive, validate it using the hash, and then use the contents. When you're finished with this post (and I recommend that you do that first), you can look at the Nix Wiki for flakes and afterwards flake reference documentation to learn more about this syntax.
 4. Once we have the inputs sorted, we declare an outputs object, which is a function containing the list of inputs that we've specified. Note that this is no different from any other Nix function. Nix flakes is just a utility that knows how to read this Nix file and appropriately parse the inputs to the outputs function before executing it.
 5. When you ran nix run, you must have noticed that a flake.lock file was created (if you didn't run nix flake init already), or simply updated it it already existed. If you look at the lock file, you will see the hashes of dependencies and pinned versions as well as information on how Nix downloaded them. This is where flakes are different from regular Nix. Instead of specifying all these details yourself, you are able to rely on Nix to pin these dependencies such that the dependencies that you've tested your flake with are the same dependencies others use for using your flake. If newer versions of dependencies are available in the future, you can simply update them using the nix flake update command. Go ahead, try running the update command right away. Likely nothing has changed and Nix will not update anything.
 6. Let's now look at the body of the outputs function. This is where things get very interesting. The first thing that we use is to call eachDefaultSystem function from flake-utils.lib module. Remember that we were using builtins.currentSystem to detect the current system and the build our derivation for that system in our previous example? Because flakes have to "pure" in the sense that everything we do is reproducible and that the generated lock file has all the information regarding the required dependencies and their hashes, we can't directly use builtins.currentSystem. This is because the system can changed, which may change the dependencies that are used and makes the whole process impure. What flake-utils does here is that it provides us with functions and modules for all the possible systems and then using the system it let's us declare outputs for all systems that it knows of. We can, of course, override this but we're not going to discuss that right now. Instead you should read the flake-utils documentation to learn more about it.
 7. Now that we have a possible system information, we declare pkgs object where we use nixpkgs.legacyPackages for a particular system. We then go ahead and create a defaultPackage object and assign our derivation to it. By now, you already know how derivations are built so it is probably easy to understand that we're just assigning it to a variable.
 8. Once we have a derivation, we create a defaultApp object and assign it type and program field. Remember that we were storing our binary in $out/bin directory. That is exactly where we point our defaultApp.program to. As I've pointed out before, Nix knows that a flake is a specific way of writing our configuration that allows Nix to offer certain extra features like generating a flake.nix file or directly running the program defined in the defaultApp output.
What does our flake contain?
Once you start exploring, you will realise that not all flakes declare defaultApp output. That's often because they are not runnable apps. The flake-utils is an example of a flake that outputs functions like lib.eachDefaultSystem. But does this mean that for each runnable app you have to store your program in the defaultApp output? What if you have a flake that happens to have multiple programs? Or multiple configuratiosn for a program? For example, what if you want to run a program but just pass in different configuration to it? When we do nix run, it picks up the program in defaultApp automatically, but one can also run anything else defined in the flake file. You simply have to refer to it using .#<output-name>. For example, if your flake exposes a program in an output called my-test-program, one could run nix run .#my-test-program. You can also nest your programs. We will later discuss cases where this is very useful.
Another nice thing about flakes is that you can simply run programs in flakes directly by calling their path. In our example above, we called .#my-test-program because the flake is in the current directory represented by the .. But let's say that the flake is in a GitHub repository, you can also run it directly using the URL syntax that we used for declaring inputs. As we will later discuss, cargo2nix is a project that uses flakes. One can run the binary exposed by cargo2nix by calling nix run github:cargo2nix/cargo2nix command.
So far we've learned about working with Nix and flakes in Nix. You must have noticed that while flakes are a nice way of writing derivations, they are not the only way of writing Nix configurations. Unfortunately, you will find that the web is full of software fragmented between flakes and regular Nix configurations. In a later post we will discuss combining the use of flakes with the rest of the ecosystem and vice versa.
Another intereting tool to work with flakes is the Nix CLI itself. If you run nix flake show you will see that it lists an entire tree of everything that the flake contains. If you run the show subcommand on the flake that you've just written, you will notice that there is a defaultApp.<system-arch>, which is your application. You'll also see the defaultPackage derivation that you wrote listed with possible system arch. The different systems are provided by flake-utils.
Reproducible Development Environments
So we know how to write packages and compile them using Nix. But what if we want to debug these packages? Let's say we have a Python package and we would like to use Python REPL and use it to debug our source code. You can, of course, install Python on your system but then you can't ensure that everyone else in your team is using the same version of Python that you are and that the CI is running tests using the same Python version that you used on your laptop.
We can solve this problem by creating a dev-shell that


@article { author = {Mihandoost, Ghafoor and Zahedi, Mir Mahdi and Ziyaadini, Morteza}, title = {Transport of K+ from Seawater Using Dibenzo-l8-crown-6 via Carbon Nanotube Based Pseudo Supported Liquid Membrane}, journal = {Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Research}, volume = {6}, number = {1}, pages = {241-251}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Iranian Chemical Society}, issn = {2383-093X}, eissn = {2383-093X}, doi = {10.22036/abcr.2018._PHONE_}, abstract = {In the present study, the transport of potassium salt as an important agricultural fertilizer was reported through a pseudo carbon nanotube supported liquid membrane using dibenzo-l8-crown-6 as the carrier. Single wall carbon nanotube was utilized as an additive to liquid membrane to form a pseudo support, while the extraction result showed a noticeable increase in the process rate. In order to find the best transport conditions, affecting parameters such as pH of the feed and receiving phases, type of membrane solvent, concentration of the carrier, stripping solution conditions, time, and temperature were investigated. In the optimum working conditions and after 80 min, 23.0(±0.1) % of K+ from the feed phase (containing K+ = 0.01 M, NaCl = 0.01 M, pH = 5.6) across a dichloromethane membrane (DB18C6 = 0.01 M) was transported into the receiving phase (containing HCl 1 M and NaCl = 0.01 M). The selectivity of the method was evaluated by performing the competitive transport experiments on the simulated mixtures containing the main ions with conservative concentration of seawater.}, keywords = {Potassium,seawater,Pseudo supported liquid membrane,Carbon Nanotube,Dibenzo-l8-crown-6}, url = {_URL_ eprint = {_URL_ }


text:
Register and download the ARCIMBOLDO_LITE binary.
PHASER and SHELXE have to be available on the machine running ARCIMBOLDO. These programs have separate licenses and need to be obtained from their developers if not already installed:
In addition, Python 2.6 or higher must be installed.
Once these requirements are fulfilled, you will need:
The following is an example of a.bor configuration file
[CONNECTION]: distribute_computing: multiprocessing _TAG_: You need to configure the following parameter _TAG_ if you are using the mode local_grid or remote_grid _TAG_: /path/to/setup.bor [GENERAL]: working_directory= /path/to/workdir mtz_path: %(working_directory)s/data.mtz hkl_path: %(working_directory)s/data.hkl [ARCIMBOLDO] name_job: example molecular_weight: f_label: F sigf_label: SIGF number_of_component: 1 fragment_to_search: 2 helix_length: 14 [LOCAL] path_local_phaser: /path/to/local/phaser path_local_shelxe: /path/to/local/phenix
This section defines the connection to remote or local grids if needed. Default in ARCIMBOLDO_LITE is multiprocessing on a single machine. The setup.bor file path is only required if a grid is used (further information).
This section defines paths to the working directory and data files.
This section declares the ARCIMBOLDO_LITE search parameters. For a full list of possible parameters, run ARCIMBOLDO_LITE with -b option
This section contains the absolute paths to the PHASER and SHELXE executables required for single machine use.
ARCIMBOLDO_LITE input.bor >& log &
On the working directory, there is an.html file with an echo of the input parameters, a table with the results and map and trace files from the best solution produced, if possibly solved (CC>25 %).

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Black and White Photography Exhibit showcases student work
Students, teachers and parents observed the work of Harvard-Westlake (HW) students in an aesthetic black and white photography exhibition in the Arlene Schnitzer Art Gallery in Wang Hall. Laid out before one's eyes was a very pleasing aesthetic of black and white contrasting images, developed using darkroom film techniques during class. The gallery was first presented Tuesday, Dec. 11, during break.
The exhibit featured work of several ninth graders expressing their creativity by using techniques such as using sharp contrasting lines and silhouettes to create striking modern art.
"I'm in Photography 1, so I was trying to understand the contrast between each item and how transparency works on the paper. I knew that I wanted a darker outline, so I used a more solid object to get that contrast, and for the whiter parts of my project, I used a cup that was transparent all the way through, so the light could travel through." Dylan Tatum '22 said.
While discussing what his class is working on now, Tatum said, "For the rest of the semester we're still doing dark room [photography], but we're working on it to a more detailed level, learning how to use double exposure, and stuff like that. For the past month and a half, our work has been camera less."
Overall, the exhibit was a creative expression of HW students art. A darkroom is a completely dark room, where black and white prints are commonly made, while a safelight is commonly used to illuminate the work of the area. Students are encouraged to explore while developing craft and composition.
Photo credit: Self taken
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What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About What Is Strain Physics
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What Is Strain Physics Fundamentals Explained
A register of interacting spins is a really tempting prospect because it could allow not just college essay paper help binary state manipulation but in addition strong quantum parallel algorithms. A real general statement would need to take into consideration any initial velocity and by what method the velocity was changing. What you most likely haven't thought too much about is the way the structure of the object may be affected by that exact same force. Well, whenever an object changes shape in all 3 directions, that means it'll change its volume. A change in shape on account of the application of a force is called a deformation. As a way to bring the object back to the original form and size, there'll be an opposing force generated within the object.
Both of these interactions allow an indirect coupling of both adjacent nuclear spin gates, which enables execution of the necessary logic gate. In the very first region of the stretch known as the toe region, the fibers in the tendon start to align in the direction of the stressthis is known as uncrimping. Another common example happens when water freezes. The stress distribution might or might not be uniform, based on the essence of the loading condition.
Participants were requested to supply demographic info, take cognitive tests and report any healthcare conditions at the start of the analysis and at follow-up assessments every 18 months. Different types of waves are discussed elsewhere within _URL_ this book. Understanding motion is crucial to understanding different concepts in physics.
The Fundamentals of What Is Strain Physics Revealed
We'll now explore the measures of tension and strain. The Figure indicates a regular strain gauge diagram. Hence, even if the stress is zero, the strain isn't zero and the deformation is known as plastic deformation. In the area from A to B, the strain and strain aren't proportional.
Thus, Stress-strain curves are useful to comprehend the tensile strength of a particular material. The bones in distinct sections of the body serve different structural functions and tend toward various stresses. Within this region, in the event you stopped applying stress to our material it would go back to its original form. Now imagine a sheet of granite.
Top What Is Strain Physics Secrets
They flow as opposed to deform. In two dimensions, we have to specify two coordinates in order to repair the position of any object. It's no dimensions, it is merely a number. We showed explicitly which you can map the strain and gather information regarding its effects. There's a strain of madness within her family.
Mainly, we'll be discussing Stress-strain curves since they're beneficial in understanding the tensile strength of a particular material. You will wind up pleasantly surprised to observe how easy it's to concentrate on the remedy to the issue as opposed to the syntax and structure of the language you're programming in. If at all possible, it would be helpful to expand this engineering article to incorporate the definitions and standards that engineers use while defining these. A fundamental comprehension of algebra and the capability to address simple algebraic expressions. Mentor existing and future junior computer software engineers and offer hands-on guidance and guidance as crucial.
Friction, as an example, is sometimes independent of velocity (as assumed in the majority of places within this text). The Pascal is a typical unit used for pressure. The form of the curve near fracture is dependent on several aspects, including the way the force F is used. At the start of our graph, there's a steep diagonal line upwards.
What Is Strain Physics Can Be Fun for Everyone
This is also referred to as yield strength. This subsequently could assist in preventing the formation of defects that are brought on by strain. Two of the most typical sorts are tensile and compressive strain and strain. Another interesting method to compare tension and strain is to take a look at a graph of the two. We'll learn just what the terms stress and strain describe in addition to the connection between them.
The engineering stress-strain curve doesn't provide a real sign of the capital essay deformation characteristics of a metal as it is based entirely on the original measurements of the specimen, and such dimensions change continuously during the testing used to create the data. Consider a unit sphere that has been deformed. In case the material is elastic, the object will go back to its initial form and size whenever these forces are removed. If there's an increase in length of the material line, the standard strain is known as tensile strain, otherwise, if there's reduction or compression in the amount of the material line, it's called compressive strain.
So I suggest every person to go for internet coaching with LiveCBSE. By substitution, it must be apparent that This statement is very related to driving safety. Sometimes if the ideal choice isn't clear, acting to earn a change may still be positive as it exposes other aspects of an issue. This opening sentence has to be restated. The very first step is to recognize the physical principles involved with the issue. Please take a little time to review my edit.


text:
1. Department dedicated to becoming more cautious and ethically aware of the harmful effects on the environment
B. Designing greener products means
1. Environmental impact of the materials used
2. Free of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and PVC and Apple plans to eliminate all forms of chlorine and bromine.
3. The effects of hazardous substances
Use the order calculator below and get started! Contact our live support team for any assistance or inquiry.[order_calculator]

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Point wand at target
Blasts objects into pieces
- "...he tried the Reductor Curse again. It wasn't very effective, but it burned a small hole in the hedge..."
- —Harry using the spell during the Third Task.[src]
The Reductor Curse is a spell used to blast solid objects into pieces. The incantation for this spell is Reducto. The number of pieces may vary, depending on the power of the curse. If used with extreme force, the object may disintegrate.
- Severus Snape may have used this spell nonverbally on rose bushes during the Yule Ball in 1994.
- Harry Potter attempted to use this spell on a cloud of golden mist in the Third Task of the Triwizard Tournament. The spell had no effect.
- In meetings of Dumbledore's Army, Parvati Patil and Ginny Weasley produced Reductor Curses so powerful that they disintegrated a table and Death Eater duelling simulacrum/dummy respectively.
- Harry, Ron Weasley, Hermione Granger, Neville Longbottom, Ginny Weasley and Luna Lovegood all used this spell to break shelves in the Hall of Prophecies in an attempt to distract the Death Eaters during the Battle of the Department of Mysteries.
- Later in the battle, Luna used the spell again to blow up a model of the planet Pluto while defending herself, a cursed Ron, and Ginny from the Death Eaters, but accidentally broke Ginny's ankle in the process.
- A member of the Order of the Phoenix tried to blast the door of the Astronomy Tower open with the Reductor Curse when Death Eaters had cornered Albus Dumbledore there.
- Harry Potter used this spell in a failed attempt to destroy Salazar Slytherin's Locket.
- Reducto may come from the English verb reduce, "to bring down, destroy".
Behind the scenes
- Molly Weasley may have used this spell to blast Bellatrix Lestrange to pieces during their duel in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2.
- In both of the LEGO Harry Potter games, the Reductor Curse is used to destroy Metal LEGO Pieces and, in the latter and only if the character possesses the Elder Wand, Gold LEGO Pieces.
- The fifth film gives the appearance that Ginny Weasley can cast a more powerful Reductor Curse than most of the others; in the book, this was the Patil twins that could do so.
- Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (First appearance)
- Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film)
- Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
- Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film)
- Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (video game)
- Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
- Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
- Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 1
- Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2
- LEGO Harry Potter: Years 1-4
- LEGO Harry Potter: Years 5-7
- Wonderbook: Book of Spells
Notes and references

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Form 477 Resources for Filers
The system is available for the filing due March 3, 2014. Filers of broadband information must continue to use Year 2010 Census tract codes for this filing.
NOTE: The Commission's recent Order in WC Docket No. 11-10, released 6/27/13, does not affect this filing. Timing of implementation of the 2013 Order is discussed at this webpage or in this PDF document.
- Facilities-based providers of broadband
connections to end user locations
of wired or fixed wireless local exchange telephone service
of interconnected Voice over Internet Protocol (interconnected VoIP)
service (note: including both service retailers and service wholesalers)
providers of mobile telephony service
1 and September 1
|Note: Revisions of filings that were due September 1, 2011 or earlier will continue to require Year 2000 Census tract codes for the Part VI broadband information in those filings.
- Obtain an
FCC Registration Number (FRN) and password if you do not have them.
Use the update feature to reset password, if necessary.
- File online
using the required web-based system.
the detailed Instructions
Shots is a blank copy of the filing system (63 pages).
- Tutorial is
an overview of how to complete and file Form 477 (64 pages).
Guide is a more detailed explanation of the filing system that
includes trouble-shooting reminders.
FAQs discusses the most commonly reported filer difficulties.
Tract Information is relevant for broadband providers.


plate tells the loader how to find the translation file. In this example, it's in /i18n/ directory. {part} will be provided later. {lang} is the language you use. It's set later too.
 2. Set the preferred language and fall back languages in your module configuration function. e.g.
 $translateProvider.preferredLanguage('zh_CN').fallbackLanguage('en_US');
 That tells the translate provider to look for translation for Simplified Chinese, and fall back to English if it's not found. This will set the {lang} for the loader.
 3. Load the translation file and refresh translation tables. This is done by
 $translatePartialLoader.addPart('contact');
 $translate.refresh();
 The translation file for 'contact' will be loaded. It sets the {part} in urlTemplate. So the translation file path is /i18n/contact/zh_CN.json.
 $translate.refresh() must be called every time a part is added. The document also suggests to refresh translation tables in event $translatePartialLoaderStructureChanged.
 app.run(function ($rootScope, $translate) {
 $rootScope.$on('$translatePartialLoaderStructureChanged', function () {
 $translate.refresh();
 });
 });

That seems straightforward. Everyone can add those code and start to use directives, filters or the service to translate their own applications. But that won't just work.
Both $translatePartialLoader.addPart() and $translate.refresh() are asynchronous. When you use directives, filters or the service to ask for translation for a given id, the translation table may not be loaded! This is what happens in my application. The document doesn't warn it, and doesn't present a solution either. The solution is simple, however. Both loadPart() and refresh() return promises. You have to ask $translate to get the translation after the promise refresh() is resolved. So you can do something similar to:
$translate.refresh().then(function() {
 $translate('TRANSLATE_ID').then(function(data) {
 $scope.SomeLabel = data;
 });
});
This is tedious. Every time when you try to translate something, you have to double check whether the translation table is ready. And you cannot use directives and filters. Because when the translation table becomes ready, it won't update the directives and filters. Here's an example to demonstrate the solution: _URL_
angular-translate is flexible in loaders and how to do translation (directives, filters or services). But there are some undocumented limitations (or bugs). When you use partial loader, you cannot use directives and filters. But at least, there's always another way of doing it. angular-translate still doesn't fail at getting the work done.
In C#, covariant and contravariant allow implicit conversion for generic type arguments. But they're not applied to struct or other value types including primitive type (except string) and enum.
Only an interface declaration can contain covariant and contravariant generic parameters.
A covariant allows to assign an object that is instantiated with a more derived type argument to an object that is instantiated with a less derived type argument. It's declared with keyword out with the generic type parameter. For example, this declares an interface with a covariant generic parameter: interface ICovariantInterface<out T>.
A contravariant does the reversed. It allows to assign an object that is instantiated with a less derived type argument to an object that is instantiated with a more derived type argument. It's declared with keyword in with the generic type parameter. For example, this declares an interface with a contravariant generic parameter: interface IContravariantInterface<in T>.
There are some built-in covariant and contravariant generic interfaces in C#, such as IEnumerable, IComparable.
Usually I would think that covariant in analogy to class hierarchy. It's similar to that a derived class can be assigned to a base class/interface. For contravariant, it's done in the opposite direction.
But we cannot use struct or other value types in covariant and contravariant. Both covariant and contravariant are applied to reference types. And reference types and value types have different memory layout.
So this is not allowed: IEnumerable<object> baseGeneric = new List<int>();.
This Guillaume Rouchon's post illustrates how to add a custom IntelliTraece event. Mine is to complement it with an enum type and updates in Visual Studio 2015 Update 2.
Let me summarize how to add a custom IntelliTrace event. The file you have to change is in a sub folder of Visual Studio installation folder, <VS installation folder>\Common7\IDE\CommonExtensions\Microsoft\IntelliTrace\14.0.0\en\collectionplan.xml. You need to have admin privilege to do that. This file only affect F5 debugging in Visual Studio. If you are using IntelliTrace standalone collector, you have to pass the collection plan file to the command line. So you can modify default one that comes with the standalone collector or write your own one.
What you need to do to add a custom event is
 1. Add a category under TracepointProvider/Categories
 2. Add an assembly under TracepointProvider/ModuleSpecifications
 3. Add your own diagnostic event specification under TracepointProvider/DiagnosticEventSpecifications
There are two ways of querying parameter values and returned values. The first is DataQuery. It's a simple declarative way using dot notation to get values of the parameter or the field in the parameter. It only supports primitive types. The other way is ProgrammableDataQuery. You have to provide your own IProgrammableDataQuery implementation to query a complex type.
For enum, we're going to use DataQuery.
We need to specify a type in the data query for enum. Intuition tells us we can use the enum type. But that's not working. The right type should be the underlying integral type. For example, int. The value is also an integral value too.
Let me illustrate it here.
I create a sample console application
using System;
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
 enum Color
 {
 Red,
 Green,
 Blue
 }
 class Program
 {
 static void Main(string[] args)
 {
 PrintColor(Color.Blue);
 }
 static void PrintColor(Color color)
 {
 Console.WriteLine("Color: " + color);
 }
 }
}
Let's change the collection plan.
1. Add a new category.
<Category Id="enumSample" _locID="category.enumSample">Enum Sample</Category>
2. Add a new module
<ModuleSpecification Id="sample">ConsoleApplication1.exe</ModuleSpecification>
3. Add a diagnostic event specification
We're going to query the parameter color in the method PrintColor.
 <DiagnosticEventSpecification>
 <CategoryId>enumSample</CategoryId>
 <SettingsName _locID="settingsName.ConsoleApplication.PrintColor">PrintColor (Color)</SettingsName>
 <SettingsDescription _locID="settingsDescription.ConsoleApplication.PrintColor">Print the color</SettingsDescription>
 <Bindings>
 <Binding>
 <ModuleSpecificationId>sample</ModuleSpecificationId>
 <TypeName>ConsoleApplication1.Program</TypeName>
 <MethodName>PrintColor</MethodName>
 <MethodId>ConsoleApplication1.Program.PrintColor(System.Int32):System.Void</MethodId>
 <ShortDescription _locID="shortDescription.PrintColor.Color">Print Color "{0}"</ShortDescription>
 <LongDescription _locID="longDescription.PrintColor.Color">Going to print the color in integral value "{0}"</LongDescription>
 <DataQueries>
 <DataQuery index="0" type="Int32" name="color" query="" _locID="dataquery.PrintColor.Color" _locAttrData="color"></DataQuery>
 </DataQueries>
 </Binding>
 </Bindings>
 </DiagnosticEventSpecification>
Save the file and restart VS. The custom event shows in Tools/Options/IntelliTrace/IntelliTrace Events
IntelliTraceEventOptions
When I debug the program, the custom event appears in the Events table. Look at the description!


Wednesday, July 21 2021
Home / Genuine Psychic Advice / Why Do You Have Empathy Fatigue?
Why Do You Have Empathy Fatigue?
Why Do You Have Empathy Fatigue?
Most people are tired and drained most of their lives. There is always so much going on such as home life, working, being sociable and doing all of these things can put a strain on use. We don't get enough sleep and we don't get enough free time throughout our days.
When you are an intuitive, this can be even worse. You will experience so many highs and lows throughout the day and this comes with energy coming and going through your life. You will have your vibrations getting lower and then it can cause you to crash. When you are in one of the categories of an empath, you will know that this can be psychic exhaustion that you are feeling.
This is a word that is beyond tired. This is exhaustion, drained, depleted. This is where your brain will not even be able to think anymore because you just want to sit around and rest. This is a time when you become emotionally and physically drained.
So Tired
Empath's are always tired because they use more energy than other people do. Their energies are always being tapped into and some of the times, negative energies attach to them.
When you are an empath, you have strong and heavy emotions. These emotions come from people and areas around them. Even when you don't mean to, when you are an empath, you pick it all up.
When you feel the emotions of other people, you are opening up your energy reservoir to them. You will take on other people's energies to help them heal and when you do this, you will become tired and sick yourself.
Being an empath takes a lot of work and energy and you have to learn to protect yourself. When you have days that are off or you are very tired, you need to learn to clear off this negative energy form your life. You need to sit down and figure out why you are always drained.
You need to know that your energies are always connecting with others and this causes the human body to work harder. The body is not used to working with these energies. An empath uses energies differently than other people and that is why sometimes, even with a caffeine overload, that you will still feel tired.
When you give readings and are connecting with people for a long period of time, you will start off strong and then you will become very tired. This happens to people that are empath's but all the time. You have to learn to adjust your schedule in order to manage your energies.
Helping Your Energy Levels
In order to help your energy levels, there are some things you can do:
 - Stop using a lot of caffeine.
 - Stay balanced.
 - Ground your energy and refill the energy in your body.
 - Protect your energy from negativity.
 - Put up boundaries with people and in the spirit world.
 - Love yourself.
 - Take breaks.
 - Know you have limits.
 - Fill yourself up through meditation.
 - Balance your chakras.
Empaths are tired more because they have more energies that are being used up on a day to day and minute to minute basis. Learn to replenish your energies so you do not become drained and overly tired.
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Zodiac to Understand Your Past Life
Using Your Zodiac to Understand Your Past Life
Do you believe in the starts and the universe and that this has guided you …


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Parker Dam is the deepest dam in the world. Structurally 320 feet high, 235 feet lie below the riverbed. Built between 1934
, this dam spans the Colorado River
. Parker Dam's reservoir, Lake Havasu
is roughly 45 miles long and provides roughly 900 billion gallons of water to residents of both states each year.
The dam is also used to regulate the Colorado River and generate hydroelectric power.


text: The use of the wire arc spray process for the production of zinc and aluminum coatings as corrosion protection represents a rapidly growing market. In this paper, the effects of various spray parameters on the performance of the process for these materials are examined. The effects of arc voltage, current, and wire diameter have been studied for their effects on the main factors affecting process performance, spray performance, and application efficiency. The results of this study have led to the development of a spray system or a power supply to maximize the performance of the process for corrosion protection applications. Paper includes a German-language abstract.


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A series of β-cyclodextrin dimers selectively permethylated on the primary or secondary rim with two different types of spacers have been synthesized effectively utilizing conventional and newly developed methods. Their structure analyses by 1H NMR and NOESY NMR imply the dependence of molecular symmetry on the type of spacer. The ability of synthesized dimers to increase the solubility of tetracene in DMSO was evaluated and compared to native cyclodextrins and their methylated derivatives. The newly synthesized compounds expressed better effectiveness than other tested supramolecular hosts.
four new CD dimers from 6-azido partially methylated β-CD derivatives with two types of spacers between CD moieties. A new method for preparing β-CDs with selectively methylated primary rim based on the remarkable methylation ability of methyl tosylate with relatively mild bases at solvent-free conditions has been developed. It has been proved that using Lewis acid in the phosphine imide reactions with CDs can increase the reactivity of some low-reactive compounds, giving better yields and reducing the reaction time. The UV measurements have confirmed an increase in solubility of tetracene in DMSO in the presence of some CD derivatives. The partially methylated CD dimers are more than twice effective in solubilization than the compounds with one CD unit in the molecule in the molar ratio, implying that both CD fragments are engaged in complexation with tetracene. The compounds possessing hydroxy groups on the secondary rim generally perform worse than those with a methylated secondary rim. ITC studies and tetracene's increased solubility prove the host–guest interaction's existence.
Lebedinskiy, K.; Lobaz, V.; Jindřich, J. Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1596–1606. doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.170


Does a Buddhist temple have a place on a college campus?
The temple was given to UTEP by the people of Bhutan after it was built for the Smithsonian Folklife Festival in Washington D.C. in 2008. Photo credit: Kate Gannon
EL PASO — Separation of church and state, unless we're talking about a Buddhist temple at the University of Texas at El Paso? To celebrate its centennial, UTEP is undergoing a major physical transformation and a very visible part of the makeover is the placement on campus of a Lhakhang, or Buddhist temple.
The temple was given to UTEP by the people of Bhutan after it was built for the Smithsonian Folklife Festival that took place in Washington D.C. in 2008. It was later shipped to El Paso and kept in a warehouse until money was raised to place it on campus.
The Bhutanese architecture at UTEP is undeniably beautiful and so is Bhutan, it's people and culture. But does that give UTEP the right to put a big temple in the middle of the new Centennial Plaza?
UTEP has crossed this line several times. Bhutan prayer flags outline the art museum, a Bhutan altar greets you in the library and, in November 2012, UTEP was host to former Buddhist monk Losang Samten who worked for four weeks in the Bhutan Cybercafe in the UTEP Union East building crafting a Kalachakra sand mandala.
Time-lapse video by Steve Osborne of Lobsang Samten and Kalacakra Mandala in El Paso
The sand mandala involves using sand to create artistic forms,. Accompanying ceremonies and viewings symbolize the Buddhist doctrinal belief in the transitory nature of material life.
According to Wikipedia, "The Kālacakra tradition revolves around the concept of time (kāla) and cycles (chakra): from the cycles of the planets, to the cycles of human breathing. It teaches the practice of working with the most subtle energies within one's body on the path to enlightenment."
These sand portraits feature deities within a complex structure and geometry. Although impressive, it is a religious tradition and its place in the heart of a public university campus should be questioned.
Losang Samten also showed onlookers how to meditate. This is a form of prayer and, in a country that outlaws prayer in public institutions. one wonders if that only applies to the ones praying to God.
So why was Samten allowed to teach people about the Bhutanese religion? This clearly crosses several lines in the church and state debate, so why is it being allowed? If the goal is to model the buildings after the beautiful architecture of Bhutan then what does a monk praying to his deities have to do with that?
In a 2011 interview with, UTEP's Executive Vice President of Legal Affairs and Oversight Ricardo Adauto said, "UTEP's ties to Bhutan are cultural, not religious."
This claim that the structure is cultural and not religious seems to lack validity after the demonstration held in the Bhutan Cybercafe. Another interesting quote from from Aduato in the same interview is, "Nobody is asking (students and staff) to practice anything other than looking at the architecture."
One wonders about the statements made by Aduato when a former Bhutanese monk spends four weeks on campus teaching people how to pray and what the religion of Bhutan consists of.
El Paso needs to ask why the lines that separate church and state continue to be crossed in a public institution. Building campus structures in a particular style is one thing, but a temple is something else.
4 thoughts on "Does a Buddhist temple have a place on a college campus?
 1. quit whining, this is cultural and add beauty to the campus. Do you think students are going to go pray in the "temple" before a test?
 2. Helen, I support separation of church and state. However, the issue here as I see it is truly about cultural exchange. Few UTEP students, faculty, or staff have the opportunity to visit Bhutan. Most importantly, as Mr. Adauto stated no one is asking people to pray or follow Bhutan's religious traditions. When various monks have visited campus, I have only seen people pass by, stop for a few moments, and continue with their day. Admiring the skill required to create a Kalachakra and observing how one is made enriches UTEP's cultural life.
 Many universities have both a Baptist and/or a Catholic student union in this part of the country, people discuss abortion on campus (for many this topic is tied to religion), other topics of religion are discussed in myriad ways on campus.
 Perhaps the most egregious crossing of the church/state line occurs when the clergy publicly comment on political candidates, for example, on television news shows. It seems to me we can only benefit from the cultural interchange that takes place between UTEP/El Paso and Bhutan.
 3. Teaching 'about' a religion is not the same as promoting it. This principle has held up many times in church-state cases (which the author of this piece should have researched more carefully, rather than displaying her misunderstanding of the concept.) UTEP also has a religious studies program that teaches 'about' Islam, Catholicism, Bahai, Judaism… and none of those religions are being promoted either.
 It's too bad that the author of this poorly informed editorial chooses to view other cultures and religions as threats, rather than as opportunities for learning.
 4. Querido amigo: Photography is all consuming. I have tried leaving it "cold turkey" but you recognize my weakness. They talk loudly and we love what they have to say. I hear your beautiful story.
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What are the Chances a Judge Will Alter Visitation Rights if Circumstances Haven't Changed?
Share the Knowledge!
'I live in NJ and my ex has had supervised visitation with no overnights with our child for the last four years. He is planning on taking me to court to request "vacation time" with our daughter for a week. He has already planned the vacation, and told our child about it. If the circumstances that prompted the judge to initially order supervised visitation have still not been altered, is there any chance he will be granted supervised vacation time? Thanks for your help.'
There is really not enough information here to usefully answer your question. It is unusual that there would be supervised visitation for such a long period as four years, generally speaking – usually a situation requiring supervision would not be allowed to go on for such a lengthy period of time, suggesting that the order for supervision hasn't been changed owing more to inertia than any ongoing danger to the child's health or well-being. That said, it is possible, and if those supervised visits have been going well for the past for years, then it seems possible that the Court would also allow a supervised vacation.
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A house attorney has answered this question.


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Thermo Fisher Scientific is pleased to announce a new technical note on the fast separations of inorganic ions in saline solution samples. TN 130: Fast Determinations in Salton Sea Samples Using a High-Pressure IC System demonstrates fast separations of inorganic anions and cations in a Salton Sea surface water sample and a neighboring municipal drinking water sample using ion-exchange chromatography. Monitoring salinity levels in estuarine ecosystems is critical to preventing salinity-specific diseases.
With the upgrade to high pressure, capillary systems can operate at system pressures up to 5000 psi. This advance in technology allows 2× to 3× the µL/min flow rates with all the same advantages as standard pressure capillary IC, resulting in low consumption of water (30 to 40 mL/d of water) and low waste generation. Capillary IC systems can remain on 24/7 with minimal resource consumption. This translates into a system which has greater ease-of-use, a longer lasting eluent generator cartridge and a far more inexpensive cost of ownership associated with it.


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Novel P-in-N Si-Sensor technology for high resolution and high repetition-rate experiments at accelerator facilities
2019 May 23
2019 July 25
Linear array detectors with high spatial resolution and MHz frame-rates are essential for high-rate experiments at accelerator facilities. KALYPSO, a line array detector with 1024 pixels operating over 1 Mfps has been developed. To improve the spatial resolution and sensitivity at different wavelengths, novel p-in-n Si microstrip sensors based on have been developed with a pitch of 25 micrometer. The efficiency of the sensor has been improved with the use of anti reflecting coating layers optimized for near infrared, visible and near ultraviolet. In this contribution the detector system and the sensors will be presented.


Abstract
Today's filters, such as quotient, cuckoo, and Morton, have a trade-off between space and speed; even at moderate load factors (e.g., 50%-75% full), their performance degrades nontrivially. The result is that today's systems designers are forced to choose between speed and space usage.
In this paper, we present the vector quotient filter (VQF). The VQF is based on Robin Hood hashing similar to the quotient filter but uses power-of-two-choices hashing to reduce the variance of runs, and thus offers consistent, high throughput across load factors. Power-of-two-choices hashing also makes it more amenable to concurrent updates, compared to the cuckoo filter and variants. Finally, the vector quotient filter is designed to exploit SIMD instructions so that all operations have O(1) cost, independent of the size of the filter or its load factor.
We show that the vector quotient filter is 2× faster for inserts compared to the Morton filter (a cuckoo filter variant and state-of-the-art for inserts) and has similar lookup and deletion performance as the cuckoo filter (which is fastest for queries and deletes), despite having a much simpler design and implementation. The vector quotient filter has minimal performance decline at high load factors, a problem that has plagued all modern filters, including quotient, cuckoo, and Morton. Furthermore, we give a thread-safe implementation of the vector quotient filter and show that the insertion throughput scales 3× with four threads compared to a single thread.
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Date
2021
Authors
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Type
Inproceedings
Journal
SIGMOD


Asymptotic Logical Uncertainty: A Benford Learner
by Scott Garrabrant3 min read24th Aug 2015No comments
Personal Blog
This post is part of the Asymptotic Logical Uncertainty series. In this post, I will give an algorithm, BenfordLearner, that passes the Benford test. This algorithm further satisfies whenever is an irreducible pattern with probability.
In the following algorithm, we define to be 1 whenever.
 1: P=0
 2: M=N
 3: for j=0 to N
 4: M_Y=0
 5: for Y a TM expressible in K_Y M_Y
26: M_Y=M_X
27: if M_Y


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SU‐FF‐T‐147: Intra Fractional Motion in Clinical IMRT Prostate Treatments, Warrants the Use of Faster Treatment Techniques
Van Den Heuvel F., Slagmolen P., Budiharto T., Junius S., Verstraete J., Oyen R., Haustermans K.
Purpose: To estimate intrafracional motion of the prostate in a routine clinical setting and its impact on margin reduction and treatment time. Method and Materials: External beam treatment for cancer of the prostate using an IMRT technique was evaluated. Fifteen patients underwent a marker match procedure ensuring correct positioning at time of treatment. For all fields intra‐treatment images were obtained, yielding 5 to 7 images per fraction. IMRT was delivered using a dynamic sliding window technique. The obtained images were processed to remove IMRT information. The markers were detected in the image using an automated methodology. Every image was timestamped and chronologically adjacent images were backprojected to yield 3D marker coordinates. Allowing to calculate the position of the prostate during the treatment delivery at specific time instances. Using a Poisson model for the probability of movement we can determine the maximal allowable time frame within which to perform this treament. Results: The maximal treament time measured was 1460s, the shortest lasted 343s. The times were measured starting from the last image in the marker‐match procedure and includes the decision and adjustment process. Depending on the elapsed time we noticed an increase in positional confidence level from 5.8mm to 7.6mm. The delivery of the fields are of the order of 250s. Conclusion: We note a significant increase in probability of prostate movement in our treaments as time elapses. This limits the amount of margin reduction possible. There are two strategies possible to reduce this time. 1) Increase the marker match speed, or 2) increase the delivery speed. A good candidate to do this is the use of a volumetric Arc technique (VMAT) which is implemented in our department with RapidArc™. The latter is able to deliver the same or even better dose distribution in under 2 minutes (8 patients). © 2009, American Association of Physicists in Medicine. All rights reserved.


to their geometric types.
For #4, we have implemented support for geometry collections using existing features in BG according to OGC defined semantics for each spatial operation. Geometry collection support is very important because the set operations, i.e. intersection/union/difference/symdifference, will often produce geometry collections. If geometry collections are not supported, users would not generally be able to call GIS functions in any nested way, e.g. this query: "select st_within(st_union(GeomFromText('point(1 1)'), GeomFromText('linestring(3 3, 4 4)')), GeomFromText('polygon((0 0, 5 0, 5 5, 0 5, 0 0))'))" would not be supported without geometry collection support. The detailed algorithms about such support won't be covered in this article, but it may be covered in a separate article in future.
For #5, we have dedicated BG developers to implement missing features in BG, which will also be contributed back upstream and included in future BG releases. Before all such new features are available, we have to fall back to old MySQL GIS algorithms to do geometric computation when BG doesn't support a specific type or type combination. For example, currently BG can't do LINESTRING WITHIN LINESTRING computations, and when it's called by a query, old GIS algorithms are used. This also means that although many old GIS bugs are gone now, some old GIS bugs will have to exist yet for a while. When all missing features are available in BG, we can remove old GIS algorithms entirely and the old GIS bugs which were caused by bugs of old GIS algorithms are expected to disappear completely. Our goal is to cover all seven geometry types (as defined by OGC) in all unary geometry functions, and cover all type combinations (7*7=49) for all binary geometry functions, so that any nested GIS queries can be executed.
Note that for some binary GIS functions, some type combinations are inapplicable or not supported, and we return false or NULL respectively for such cases.
Undefined/inapplicable type combinations for each function are:
 - overlap: any combination of two argument types of different dimensions
 - crosses: any of the two argument types is point or multipoint
 - touches: the 1st argument is polygon or multipolygon, AND/OR the 2nd argument is point or multipoint
Unsupported type combinations for each function are: cross/overlaps/touches with one or both geometry collection argument(s).
Finally, there are some type combinations for some geometry functions that are not directly supported by BG but can be easily implemented using BG's existing features, e.g. multipoint DISJOINT multipoint, for such cases we have implemented them in MySQL and BG won't have to directly support them.
Using all of the above strategies, we are now able to seamlessly make use of BG efficiently and reliably in MySQL, while also making good use of historical MySQL GIS code as much as possible, in order to avoid reinventing the wheels.
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What's the Ideal Shape for a Strawberry Pyramid?
Submitted by Ben Stallings on Fri, 03/16/2012 - 20:12
When I teach intro classes on permaculture design, when we're talking about boundary optimization -- that is, when to maximize the edge and when to minimize it -- one of the questions I like to ask students is along the lines of, "How many strawberry plants, spaced 6" apart, can you fit in 16 square feet and still reach them all easily for harvest?" The exact numbers are not important; what I'm looking for is the ideal design of a strawberry planter to maximize production in a minimum of space.
Why strawberries, specifically? Because strawberries present some challenges compared to, say, lettuce:
 - the berries grow underneath the leaves, so they're hard to see from above
 - although strawberries are perennial and spread by runners, they produce most in their first year, so it's desirable to get rid of last year's plants, which means you need to be able to tell one year's plants from the next
Image removed.I like to give the students a hint by showing them an example of a strawberry pyramid, like the one at right. By raising the plants up on tiers, the berries can be easily seen from the side, and the runners will always go down to the level below, so a parent plant can be distinguished from a child. Simple and elegant. But is this the optimal shape?
A circle minimizes edge for a given area, which is great when edge is a liability, but in this case you're only planting the edge, so what you really want to do is maximize the edge. What shape would maximize the edge while keeping every plant within reach?
Image removed.Well, that raises the question, how far can you reach at various heights? One way to find out... I put a measuring tape up against the wall and a yardstick at my feet and created the chart at left. (The funny shape at lower left represents my shoe.) What I found is that at 5 feet -- with my arms straight out from the shoulders -- I can reach 26", but from 3' down to 1' above the ground I can only reach out 20" (with my arms at a diagonal and my knees or back progressively bent), and on ground level I can only reach 15" -- if I keep my feet flat on the ground. If I rock forward onto my toes, I can reach 24" on the ground, but that's not sustainable; generally when I'm tending a 4' wide bed and reaching 2' in, I'm on my hands and knees rather than my toes.
So from this information, the most space-saving way to grow strawberries would be vertically, up against a wall, for example a retaining wall or a series of old rain gutters filled with soil. In this way the 16 square feet of the original question could hold hundreds upon hundreds of plants. But suppose we don't have a wall and have to build a planter; how steep and how tall can the planter be? I estimate a plant needs about 2" of soil around it to anchor it and absorb water, so I sketched on the chart a series of tiers 4" tall and 2" deep. I can then have 11 tiers totaling 44" high before exceeding my reach of 22" at that height.
Image removed.Maximizing the edge of the planter is important because the upper tiers are necessarily smaller than the lower ones, so if you can stretch the planter lengthwise into a two-sided wall, that's going to be your best bet. But suppose you can't stretch it lengthwise? How can we maximize edge without increasing length? The easiest way is to stretch it out into an amoeba shape (shown at left).
The trouble with the amoeba shape is that, at 44" high, parts of it are going to be in shade almost all the time. Strawberries need sunlight to produce fruit. So we not only need to maximize edge, we need to maximize edge exposed to the sun and minimize the edge that's in shade.
Image removed.When I started sketching shapes with more edge on one side than the other, I was frustrated that most of them were really ugly. Jessie asked me what I was doing and casually suggested, "How about a heart?" Hm... well, how about it? I'm now building a 44" high heart-shaped strawberry pyramid (right)! The top is reachable from three directions, there's more edge in sun than in shade (the point goes north), and it's aesthetically pleasing! Is it optimal? No, up against a wall would be optimal. I'm happy with this compromise!
[update: I did not complete this project, because the plastic edging I was using to reinforce the tiers was not strong enough to resist the expansion of freezing soil in the winter! So the moral of the story is, a design must be appropriate to the materials. For anyone with heavy clay soil, I cannot recommend any shape other than linear, since if you try to contain the soil on all sides, it will bust free when it freezes.]
What do you think? Comment below!


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This Creo Parametric tutorial will demonstrate how to create a standard measurement using the measure tool in the Mechanism Application. It also shows how you can use these measurements to create various types of graphs. ... (Show more)(Show less)
PTC University Expert Model Analysis (XMA) deepens your understanding of PTC Creo Parametric and PTC Pro/ENGINEER models with the push of a button. Using multiple measures in 50 different areas of analysis, XMA enables you to understand the level of complexity in your models and identify areas for optimization. A 30-day free trial for XMA is now available so you can test this great tool - and your models!


List of staff members
About Us
Mission Statement
The Mission of Nathaniel Hawthorne Middle School, a nurturing environment for children, is to: * Encourage a love of learning; * Inspire children to explore, achieve and excel; * Foster high self-esteem; * Encourage respect and responsibility to self and others; * Instill a concern for the world around us; * Develop an appreciation of the arts; * Appreciate cultural diversity.


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Difference Between Sea and Lake
Sea Vs Lake
Almost anybody knows the difference between a lake and a sea. However, when asked about the true nature of other seas like the Caspian Sea, people will already have second thoughts. Yes, the confusion sets in when identifying some bodies of water which are called seas but are actually lakes. An example of which is the very popular Dead Sea which happens to be the lowest level lake in the world, not to mention one of the saltiest there is. So how come the Dead Sea is a lake and not a sea?
First, a lake is an inland water body. This means that it is surrounded by land. The body of water is usually moderate to big in size with the water surface being exposed towards the atmosphere. Thus, most lakes in the world have a surface area of below 100 sq. mi. although there are dozens of other lakes that even spans to more than 1,500 sq. mi. in area. With regard to depth, the majority of lakes are shallower than the seas.
As mentioned, the confusion sets in because there are some lakes that are named as seas. Aside from the Dead Sea, the Caspian Sea is another lake that is called sea. It is treated by many as a sea because of its size. This lake is so huge that from whatever angle you'll try to look at, it would seem as if you're looking at a long stretch of shore. This is because the Caspian Sea is the biggest or largest lake in the world. It is bordered by several countries including Iran and Southern Russia. Another lake that is called a sea is the Aral Sea.
On the contrary, seas are different from lakes because they are not enclosed by land. They have a relatively bigger volume of water and are usually connected to the wide open ocean. Seas are undoubtedly deeper as compared to lakes. It is a continuous stretch of salt water. There's an exemption to this definition however because a sea can also be a landlocked (like a lake) immense body of saline (salty) water which doesn't have an outlet towards an ocean. This definition can best be applied to the case of the Caspian Sea.
Lakes are shallower than the seas
Lakes are enclosed by a body of land.
With regard to the volume of water, lakes can be small, moderate to big in size whereas seas are often always a lot bigger in size.
Lakes can either be salt water or fresh water while seas are always salt water in nature.
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text:
More 60-Second Science
What does an 800-pound gorilla eat? If you said: "anything it wants," you're not thinking like a scientist.
A scientist would say, "Let me analyze the isotopic composition of its excreta and I'll get back to you." Because a new study shows that the ratio of carbon isotopes found in mountain gorilla feces reveals how much fruit the apes have consumed. The scoop's in the latest issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. [Scott A. Blumenthal et al., Detecting intraannual dietary variability in wild mountain gorillas by stable isotope analysis of feces]
Knowing what animals nosh on in the wild and how that diet fluctuates can offer a key to their health and the overall health of the species. But not all beasties like to dine al fresco, at least not where scientists can watch. So researchers decided to reach for the scat.
As a test case they focused on four mountain gorillas in a park in Uganda, because they could actually see what these apes ingested. Different plants have different ratios of carbon's common isotopes. So for 10 months the researchers measured the carbon in the plants that went into the gorillas and then what came back out.
And they found that the dung don't lie, at least when it comes to what's been on Koko's menu.
[The above text is a transcript of this podcast.]


Resource files
This module contains a number of resource files that INDRA uses to perform tasks such as name standardization and ID mapping.
indra.resources.get_resource_path(fname)[source]
Return the absolute path to a file in the resource folder.
indra.resources.load_resource_json(fname)[source]
Load a given JSON file from the resources folder.
Parameters:fname (str) – The name of the json file in the resources folder.
Returns:The content of the JSON file loaded into a dict/list.
Return type:json
indra.resources.open_resource_file(resource_name, *args, **kwargs)[source]
Return a file handle to an INDRA resource file.


turkmath.org
Türkiye'deki Matematiksel Etkinlikler
28 Nisan 2016, 16:00
Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi Matematik Bölümü Seminerleri
Rational points on curves over finite fields
Henning Stichtenoth
Sabancı Üniversitesi, Türkiye
This talk is about the number of rational points N(C) of an algebraic curve C over a finite field. The classical theorem by Hasse-Weil gives sharp upper and lower bounds for N(C) in terms of the genus g(C) and the cardinality q of the underlying field. However, these bounds can be improved if the genus is large with respect to q. This leads to the concept of asymptotic bounds. We discuss results on asymptotic bounds, and give a partial answer to the question, for which pairs of integers (N,g) there exist curves with N(C)=N and g(C)=g.
Cebirsel Geometri İngilizce
MSGSÜ Bomonti Campus, Department of Mathematics
admin 20.03.2020
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text:
Jacques Franchi and Yves Le Jan
The idea of this book is to illustrate an interplay between distinct domains of mathematics. Firstly, this book provides an introduction to hyperbolic geometry, based on the Lorentz group PSO(1, d) and its Iwasawa decomposition, commutation relations and Haar measure, and on the hyperbolic Laplacian. The Lorentz group plays a role in relativistic space–time analogous to rotations in Euclidean space. Hyperbolic geometry is the geometry of the unit pseudo-sphere. The boundary of hyperbolic space is defined as the set of light rays. Special attention is given to the geodesic and horocyclic flows... Read more
Oxford Scholarship Online offers quality content you can trust, with instant and comprehensive coverage of over 8,000 titles in 20 subject areas, covering the humanities, social sciences, sciences, medicine, and law.
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
Pretty much what the title says. My base question is this. Assuming I take a piece of steel, and a piece of PVC plastic and I measure both their temperatures and find they are the same. I then take a look at the vibration speeds of the individual molecules would they be the same as well?
Here's a rough example:
I measure both the steel and PVC and find them both at 100F, and then I measure the vibrations of a molecule in the steel and find it to be moving at 10 miles an hour. Would the PVC molecules also be moving at 10 miles an hour?
I'm sure I'm not using the correct units of measure to measure the vibration, but I didn't know what the correct unit of measure is for something like that. Hopefully it gets the point across.
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1 Answer
up vote 4 down vote accepted
No, because the atoms in steel and plastic have different masses.
Your example is a bit more complicated than it need be because steel (well iron) is an element while plastic is a compound. This complicates things because molecules can have internal motions that contribute to the energy. A better comparision might be between lead and lithium. These are both elements to you just need to consider the motions of the Pb and Li atoms. For a given kinetic energy a lead atom will be moving more slowly than a lithium atom because it's heavier.
You could think of it this way: if you touch the piece of lead to the piece of lithium the atoms will be in contact so they'll swap energy by bashing into each other. If a lead atom hits a lithium atom the Li atom will recoil a lot faster than a Pb atom.
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Its probably simpler to think of gases. From the Wikipedia article on the Kinetic Theory of Gases, the average kinetic energy of molecules in an ideal gas is 3/2 k_b T. But since molecules of nitrogen (28) are lighter than molecules of oxygen (32), it follows that at the same temperature, an "average" nitrogen molecule is moving about 7% faster than an "average" oxygen molecule. – Anonymous Jun 2 '12 at 17:05
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iOSScreen
From Xojo Documentation
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Class (inherits from Object)
An iOS screen that controls specific layouts depending on the type of device being used.
Properties
Content
Methods
Handle
Notes
You cannot directly add controls to an iOSScreen. You add controls to iOSViews or iOSContainerControls.
An iOSScreen allows you to specify how your app looks depending on the type of device being used. For example, on an iPhone you can have your app display a single View that contains a Table with a list of items. To do this, you select the View for the Content property in the Inspector for the DefaultiPhoneScreen. The iPhoneScreen is set in the App Inspector as the default screen to use for an iPhone.
On an iPad, you may instead want to have a split screen with a list of items on the left and detail information on the right. You can do this by setting the Content property for DefaultiPadScreen to be Split and then setting the views for the Main and Detail sections. Refer to iOS Split Screen in the User Guide for more information.
Sample Code
You can have multiple iOSScreens in your project and switch them at run-time. To do so you use the iOSApplication.CurrentScreen property and change the content like this:
Var s As New MySpecialScreen
App.CurrentScreen.Content = s.Content
See Also
iOSApplication, iOSSplitView, iOSTabBar, iOSView classes


3
I am using ArcGIS 10.3 for Desktop to build a large inventory of urban trees to be used for tree risk assessment purposes. This inventory was originally in a relational Microsoft Access database, and I have spent the last few months structuring a new database using ArcGIS. I have created relationship classes between the main Feature Class ("Tree_Info") and other secondary tables, such as the "Inspection" table with risk assessment information.
In the "Inspection" table, there is a field called "Significant" which is a boolean 1-Yes 0-No. Not surprisingly, the "Significant" field represents trees of significant importance.
I have 4 other fields in the "Inspection" table which I ONLY want populated when "Significant" is populated by 1-Yes. These fields include "Rem_Mod" (Can the tree be removed or modified? Yes or No), "Sig_Type" (Signficance Type: historic, cultural, memorial, etc.), "DBH" (Diameter at Breast Height), Crown_Sprd (Crown Spread). If the "Significant" field is populated by 0-No, then these 4 fields can be left null.
I've looked into Subtypes, and I'm not sure this is what it is intended to do.
I'm not a programmer, and I am relying on the native ArcGIS tools, unless someone has a different simple solution. I'm at a loss of what to do. Does anyone have any suggestions on how to make these 4 fields conditional upon the tree's significance?
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 - 4
 Are you using ArcGis? If so the YES subtypes is what you want, each subtype can have different domains attached so a field for not-significant has a domain with only one coded value (0) while significant trees have a domain with 0/1. You need to create two coded value domains before creating the subtypes. May 27, 2015 at 21:58
 - 1
 Welcome to GIS SE! As a new user be sure to take the Tour. Would you be able to edit your question to let us know which GIS software and version you are using, please?
 – PolyGeo
 May 27, 2015 at 21:59
 - 2
 What you're describing could be done with subtypes, and to some degree it could also be done with a feature template (where you'd have a template for not significant, but all others would have to be entered manually). The check you're talking about (this field is x, these fields must be y) is typically something that is checked/validated rather than enforced at creation, unless you're designing some type of form in a collection software.
 – Chris W
 May 27, 2015 at 22:17
 - 1
 It may not be worth the effort, if you're going to ignore the values for non-significant trees what does it matter what goes into them. From my ArcPad days I remember creating collection forms where this behavior was written into the form (as @ChrisW said)... how are you going to collect this data? Notebook, Tablet PC (Android/Mac)... and what software? I think Collector for ArcGis (_URL_) should be able to put the decision logic onto a form removing the need for rigid domains/subtypes but (as yet) I haven't had any exposure to it so can't say for sure. May 27, 2015 at 22:42
 - Thanks for all of your suggestions. I'm not creating/using a collection form, and I am useless at customization. At first, I created a subtype for the "Significant" field. When it was equal to 0-No, I set the defaults for the 4 fields I want left blank/null/no data. But when Significant was equal to 1-Yes, I couldn't figure a way to REQUIRE the 4 fields to be populated. SO, instead, I am moving the "Significant" field to my primary table, "TREE_INFO", and creating a relationship class to a new table called "SIGNIFICANT".
 – GISjaclyn
 May 29, 2015 at 18:22
3 Answers 3
2
It may be worth your while taking a look at Survey123 for ArcGIS. This is an Esri app that allows you to use conditional logic while collecting data. At the moment it can only be used to collect points (no lines or polygons) so this may rule it out straight away. It is form centric, not map centric and can only be used to collect data - i.e. you cannot edit points as in Collector yet.
There is a Windows app that you could use while collating the data - this wouldn't have to be done on a phone. The data is stored in a feature service so you can download the data in whatever format you want, e.g. geodatabase. Also note that the conditional logic is stored at an app level, not at a database level.
0
I assume you are dealing with field survey. Unfortunately collector does not support 'high' logic, E-forms do. The simplest solution are 2 identical feature classes, just show/high fields accordingly. Merge them after survey completion.
If you truly realy want single dataset, use related tables, collector supports them. Keep common fields in the table of parent feature class. From remaing fields create 2 tables in the same database - SIGNIFICANT and NOTSO. Create relationship of FC with these tables (one to one will do, unless you want to repeat inspections from time to time). Show/hide fields in related tables. After survey completion merge 2 tables and join result to FC.
0
ArcGIS doesn't support this as a native operation. There are ways numerous ways to achieve it but each requires customization. We use 3 different ways to accomplish what you're asking. Plus, I have an extra few ideas, too.
1 - We create a custom ArcPad project. Once you create the input form, you have options to handle certain events for your controls, like LostFocus. You would need to pick a proper event, we use LostFocusand also attach a routine to the Save click in order to verify the data in the form is up to our standards. If not, the form will not close. This is done via some VBScript behind the scenes.
2 - Create a custom ArcMap(ish) type of program or ArcMap extension using ArcObjects. You can create a custom input form within ArcMap or a customized program used in place of ArcMap to do collection. Mind you, there needs to be a Desktop or Engine license running on the machine. This is done usually in VB.NET or C# for the back-end. It can be complex if since ArcObjects deals with everything via COM interfaces. I wouldn't say it is entirely for the newest developer to handle.
3 - I built a custom collection program based off of ThinkGeo's WPF .NET tools. I created my own input form and supplied validations similar to what you're using it for. We actually use it for tree inventory and other types of collections (our companies are probably competitors). I have always found with these collections that just making things required is the simplest of validations to be performed. WPF is nice as a basis to build a collection software due to the availability of many different events you can handle and verify the data.
Other Ideas - Depending on how much you trust field collectors to do their jobs right (we don't really at all) you could put together a script that will run and verify their data. It could select and prompt the user with features that don't match your standards. BUT. It would be up to them to run it and up to them to correct their data. This could be done in ArcPy or another language that could check the .DBF behind the scenes. If you're collecting through something like Excel (just populating a table with info as you walk about), there are wizards in there to establish conditions. A quick search on Google should give you a good idea of how to do that.
All of these options depend on the skill level of your development team and the amount of faith you put into your collectors. Beware though, as soon as one project manager hears you can validate one piece of data, their minds will quickly expand to numerous other forms of validations to add. That is how my required validation quickly moved into numerous other forms of data validation.
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Author Jane Steward grows medlar trees, and makes medlar jelly each year. Her first medlar tree was a wedding present, and she planted it where there was once a fruit farm of 2,000 apple and pear trees. She and her husband revived the old fruit farm in the 21st century, replacing apples and pears with many medlar trees. She has won awards for her medlar jelly which she sells under the Eastgate Larder name. Jane curates the UK's National Collection of medlar trees which she grows in Norfolk.
Medlars orginally came from the Caucasus region, Turkey, Georgia and the Balkans. They were well known by the Romans who probably brought them to England, and were growing in England by the Middle Ages; seeds have been found in Hampshire and other places.
After the first world war, the popularity of medlar fruit waned, and it became almost forgotten. Jane Steward has been a huge force in the revival of this ancient fruit. Now, medlar jelly, medlar cheese, syrups and chutneys are available, and best of all, if you find the fruit at a Turkish food shop, you can wait until they ripen, and make your own with the recipes in Jane's book.
'This beautifully written hymn to the most under-appreciated fruit, this book covers everything from the medlar's history to the inventive, delicious recipes that will have you making the most of its unique and special flavour' Mark Diacono, grower and author.


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Where are the women on the Spanish Wikipedia?
Only 11.6% of its registered editors the Spanish-language version of Wikipedia are women. An interdisciplinary research project carried out by the UOC used a method to quantify more accurately the gender gap on the Spanish-language Wikipedia site
With its more than 40 million articles in 301 different languages, Wikipedia is one of the largest human collaboration efforts in history. One of the main pillars on which this wish to bring together the sum of all knowledge is based is the achievement of a neutral space. However, several studies suggest that the site suffers from a persistent gender bias as regards both content and the composition of its community. An analysis of the gender gap in the Spanish-language version of Wikipedia by an interdisciplinary team at the UOC has revealed that only 11.6% of its registered editors are women.
According to the new study, which has been published in the journal PLOS One, the difference could be partially due to female editors being less persistent. "Women edit less and give up sooner. This is part of the reason the gap is not narrowing," note the authors. In spite of this, the results reveal a small group of veteran female editors, some of whom have edited more than men, a fact that could help design measures to highlight and increase women's participation in this space.
The paper is signed by UOC researchers Julià Minguillón of the Learning Analytics for Innovation and Knowledge Application in Higher Education group (LAIKA), of the Faculty of Computer Science, Multimedia and Telecommunications, Julio Meneses and Sergi Fàbregues of the Gender and IT group (GenTIC), of the Internet Interdisciplinary Institute (IN3) and of the Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, and by Professor Eduard Aibar of the Philosophy for Contemporary Challenges group (MUSSOL) of the Faculty of Arts and Humanities. Núria Ferran, a researcher at the Faculty of Audiovisual Media of the University of Barcelona, also took part.
A new method for identifying gender
With over 1.58 million pages, the Spanish version of Wikipedia is the ninth largest, as well as the fourth largest by number of registered editors (around 17,000). One of the challenges facing the new study has been identifying these people's gender, as many of them have chosen not to reveal it in their Wikipedia personal profiles. To ascertain this, in addition to collecting the information published by the users themselves, the researchers also created a systematic method to establish their gender based on their names and the use of grammatical gender in the descriptions appearing in their profile. This procedure made it possible to identify the gender of 49% of editors, as compared with only 38.8% who had specified it on their personal page.
According to the results of this innovative process, the number of active female editors in the Spanish-language version of Wikipedia accounts for 7.4% of all existing profiles, a figure that rises to 11.6% if you take into account only those profiles whose genders we know for certain. "These differences mean that the Spanish-language Wikipedia site is a male-dominated territory that may plausibly be considered a misogynistic place by female editors. Additionally, the high percentage of unknown profiles hinders efforts to reduce this perception, as women perceive anonymous editors as more critical of their contributions," the researchers highlight.
Lower retention rates among female editors
In general, the study also found differences in editing practices, as women have lower retention rates. According to the authors, this can be explained "partly by female editors being less persistent and tending to leave Wikipedia much more quickly, particularly in the first few weeks." However, an analysis of the most active people on the site revealed the disappearance or even reversal of gender differences between men and women in some cases: "There is a small group of veteran female editors who have edited more than male editors in terms of editing practices and involvement in different parts of Wikipedia," they highlight.
The types of contributions made are another differentiating factor between men and women. According to the study, female editors edit a higher percentage of non-article pages; in other words, in places whose specific purpose is to interact with other participants, particularly discussion pages, where articles' flaws and possible improvements are discussed. These findings seem to corroborate those of previous studies suggesting that men tend to be contributors while women tend to behave more as collaborators. However, the researchers highlight that "when taking into account only the most active editors, although women have a higher average number of edits in all namespaces, the differences between women and the most active men are not statistically significant."
Greater interest in gender-related matters
The researchers also found differences between the two groups' interests based on an analysis of the categories used by Wikipedia to group articles by subject area. Although the authors describe these categories as "too general," the study suggests that women are "slightly less" interested in editing science and nature pages.
As for content pages, men always outperform women by three to one. In fact, women often do not contribute at all or contribute significantly less, although with one exception: gender gap-related pages and WikiProjects. "We found only two groups of pages in which women seem more active than men: the 'Women' and 'Feminism' WikiProjects and another group of pages relating to gender issues. It therefore appears that women are more interested in making contributions in this field," they stress.
Highlighting the work of the most active female editors
In view of this bias, the researchers suggest a variety of measures to encourage participation by women. Firstly, they propose changes to the way the website works, such as facilitating editing — particularly regarding the management of references — to "avoid incomplete or erroneous edits that are almost certain to be subsequently deleted." They also recommend improving the identification of "abusive behaviours," particularly by veteran editors who may be "less than fully impartial in relation to gender issues, a problem that is not exclusive to women and may also affect other minority groups," they note.
They additionally emphasize the importance of supporting female editors for longer after taking part in Wikipedia welcome activities such as WikiProjects or Wikimarathons, where they get together in one place to edit and improve a subject matter or group of articles. Highlighting the involvement of the group of most active female editors is another recommendation made by the researchers, who assert that "raising awareness of women's successful experiences could provide a good starting point to encourage other women to continue editing and thus promote their long-term commitment to Wikipedia." Finally, the conclusions of the paper also stress the need to research why women stop editing Wikipedia and take a closer look at the role of Wikimarathons to encourage more women to take up and maintain the editing habit over time.


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STEM AMUSEMENT PARK SET – London Eye and Ferris WheelSTEM56
In amusement parks, the main attractions are often the exciting, fast rides or the romantic, slow wheels that offer spectacular views from above. This set includes one geared motor to power four large-scale models of such rides: Ferris wheel, London Eye, merry-go-round and booster ride. Additionally, you can experiment with gears by building four smaller models such as a gearbox, an experimental crane, a carousel and a planetarium. You can find easy-to-follow building instructions for all models either online or in the booklet included. The booklet provides detailed explanations of the different scientific principles applied and incorporates innovative experimental activities for hands-on learning. A Quiz section is also available to challenge your newly acquired knowledge!


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The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) launches Essentials for Parenting Toddlers and Preschoolers
The CDC's new resource for positive parenting, Essentials for Parenting Toddlers and Preschoolers is a free, online resource developed by the CDC. Designed for parents of 2 to 4 year olds, Essentials for Parenting addresses common parenting challenges, like tantrums and whining. Positive parenting skills and techniques can reduce parenting stress and provide parents with ways to handle their child's misbehavior. Skills focus on encouraging good behavior and decreasing misbehavior using proven strategies like positive communication, structure and rules, clear directions, and consistent discipline and consequences. Build the foundation of a positive parent-child relationship with Essentials for Parenting.
Essentials for Parenting includes:
- Articles with a variety of skills and tips
- "Frequently Asked Questions" answered by parenting experts
- Fun and engaging videos featuring parents, children, and parenting experts who demonstrate and discuss skills
- Free print resources like chore charts and daily schedules


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Network Access Control (NAC)
Security for networks with IoT
An introduction to NAC
What is Network Access Control (NAC)?
Network access control, or NAC, is a zero-trust network access solution that provides users with enhanced visibility into the Internet of Things (IoT) devices on their corporate networks.
This technology has been around for nearly two decades, but a new generation of its solutions is helping organizations keep up with today's ever-expanding attack surface, delivering not only visibility of the network environment, but also enforcement and dynamic policy control. Whether devices are connecting from inside or outside the network, it can automatically respond to compromised devices or anomalous activity.
How NAC Secures Your Network
A properly functioning solution can deny access to noncompliant users or devices, place them in quarantine, or restrict access to a small number of network resources, separated from the rest of the network. NAC generally supports the following:
 1. Authentication and authorization of users and devices
 2. User and device profiling
 3. Denial of unsecured devices
 4. Quarantine of unsecured devices
 5. Restricting access to unsecured devices
 6. Policy lifecycle management
 7. Overall security posture assessment
 8. Incident response through policy enforcement
 9. Guest networking access
Network Access Control Benefits and Use Cases
IoT and BYOD
There are now billions of non-traditional compute, IP-enabled devices that are connecting to networks. (This means basically everything on the network that isn't a laptop or mobile phone, from IP cameras, to VoIP phones, printers, HVAC controls, temperature sensors, badge readers, digital displays, bluetooth sensors, and many more examples.)
Incident Response
The role of NAC in incident response is often significant. Solutions can be configured to automatically enforce security policies, share contextual information, and isolate unsecure devices from accessing other parts of a network.
Healthcare is an industry rapidly embracing the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) and now many new networked devices are coming online to support advances in medicine and medical care. But as more medical devices access the corporate network, it is critical to employ NAC solutions that can help protect devices and massive troves of sensitive personal data, including medical records. This can help improve healthcare security overall and keep medical facilities and other healthcare institutions safe from ransomware and other prevalent threats.
FortiNAC: Network Access Security Solution
FortiNAC is the Fortinet network access control solution. It enhances the overall Fortinet Security Fabric with visibility, control, and automated response for everything that connects to the network. It provides protection against IoT threats, extends control to third-party devices, and orchestrates automatic responses to a wide range of networking events.
FortiNAC enables three key capabilities to secure IoT devices:
 - Network control to limit where devices can go on the network
 - Deliver agent and agentless scanning of the network for detection and classification of devices
 - Use a centralized architecture for easy deployment and management
 - Enforce dynamic access control
Explore Models and Specs
Request the Product Demo.
Introduction to FortiNAC
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Agentless scanning
Detect and identify headless devices as they connect to the network
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17 profiling methods
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Simplified onboarding
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Extensive multi-vendor support
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FortiNAC Models and Specifications
Control and Application Server
Each server manages up to 2,000 ports in the network
Control and Application Server
Each server manages up to 15,000 ports in the network
Control and Application Server
Each server manages up to 25,000 ports in the network
Management Server
See datasheet for details
Endpoint Visibility and Auto Provisioning
Device Count
100, 1K, 10K, or 50K concurrent endpoint device per license
Visibility and Control
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Visibility, Control, and Response
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Our Customers Emphasize the Value of FortiNAC in Gartner Peer Insights Reviews
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Role: CTO
Firm Size: <50M USD
"Implementation Was Smooth And Product Runs With Very Few Problems"
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Industry: Finance
Role: Infrastructure and Operations
Firm Size:1B - 3B USD
Sr Director, Network Operations
Industry: Miscellaneous
Role: Infrastructure and Operations
Firm Size: <50M USD
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Industry: Education
Role: Infrastructure and Operations
Firm Size: Gov't/PS/ED <5,000 Employees
"Seemless With No Customer Impact"
Industry: Healthcare
Role: CIO
"Solid Products, But Needs Persistent Agent For Chromebooks"
Network Administrator
Industry: Education
Role: System Integrator
Firm Size: Gov't/PS/ED <5,000 Employees
"The overall experience has been great."
"Effective Tool That Works Well"
Lead Network Architect Engineer
Industry: Government
Role: Infrastructure and Operations
Firm Size: Gov't/PS/ED <5,000 Employees
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Below are answers to common questions regarding FortiNAC and related services:
How does FortiNAC identify a new device on the network?
FortiNAC uses the network characteristics of the device to classify the devices. There are up to 20 different attributes and techniques that FortiNAC can utilize such as Vendor OUI and DHCP fingerprinting, to profile a device.
Does FortiNAC analyze device behavior (EUBA) to identify a device?
No, FortiNAC does not perform behavior analysis but does collect network data about a device, utilizing up to 20 methods to profile a device.
Do I need a FortiNAC in every location?
No, FortiNAC's architecture enables complete visibility even from remote locations. There are many organizations that deploy FortiNAC in a cloud such as Amazon Web Services (AWS) to provide NAC for their network.
What is the upper limit of how many devices FortiNAC can support?
There is no upper limit for how large a network can be. The FortiNAC servers can be stacked and managed as a group.
What form factor does FortiNAC come in?
The FortiNAC solution requires a server to run the Control and Application functions. Those can run in one server for smaller deployments while larger organizations might need several servers. Severs can be either hardware appliances or Virtual Machines (VMs). Licenses that run on the servers determine the level of functionality of the solution.
What are the most popular form factor?
The VM form factor is most commonly deployed.
Do you need a server at each location?
No, the architecture of FortiNAC means that you can centrally deploy and provide coverage for several sites. FortiNAC is not sniffing the traffic directly, so it does not need to be on the network. This greatly enhances FortiNAC's ability to scale to multi-site locations.
What are the different license levels for FortiNAC?
FortiNAC offers three levels of capability:
 - Base - offering visibility and network lockdown (does not permit new devices to join without permission)
 - Plus - offering the Base capabilities and adds user identification and segmentation.
 - Pro - offering the Plus capabilities and add automatic response
Can you move from one license level to another? Or do you have to buy a whole new license?
Fortinet offers upgrade FortiNAC licenses so that if you want to move from Base to Plus, or Plus to Pro, you can simply buy the upgrade license.
Are the FortiNAC licenses incremental in their features? Do you need to buy Base if you buy Pro?
No, the FortiNAC licenses are all-inclusive so you only need to purchase the level that you want.
Are the FortiNAC licenses subscriptions?
FortiNAC licenses are offered in both perpetual and subscription forms.
Are the license measured by user?
No, the licenses are counted by active port or wireless device. For example, if you have 300 users in your network, but only 100 are active at any one time, you only need licenses for 100 active ports.
Are the FortiNAC licenses shared across locations?
Yes, when deployed with a Management Server, the FortiNAC licenses can be shared across the locations, as well as across stacked servers.
Does FortiNAC do end-user behavior analysis (EUBA)?
No, FortiNAC does not perform behavior analysis but does collect network data about a device, utilizing up to 20 methods to profile a device. When deployed with a FortiGate, ForitNAC can use the traffic sensing capabilities in the FortiGate to watch for anomalies in traffic patterns.
How does FortiNAC protect against MAC-spoofing if it does not do EUBA?
FortiNAC can protect