text:
Table of Contents
The OPC DataHub can log data to any ODBC compliant database or text file.
With this feature of the DataHub you can:
Log data to any ODBC-compliant database, such as MS Access, MS SQL Server, MySQL, Oracle, and many more
Log data to an ODBC database (or soon, text file) from any other data source connected to the DataHub.
Log to existing database tables, or create new tables as necessary.
To write data from a database into the OPC DataHub, please refer to Tutorial 3: Writing data from a database to the DataHub in the DataHub ODBC Scripting manual.
The OPC DataHub's ODBC Data Logging interface provides an easy way to connect to a DSN, create or select a table, assign data point properties to table columns, and assign a trigger and conditions for logging points. The fastest way to learn how to use the interface is by watching the web-site video or by using the Quick Start.
In general, a database is a collection of information. Computerized databases store data in tables, which are accessed through a database management system or DBMS, such as SQL Server, MS Access, MySQL, Oracle, etc. All of these are capable of storing data in related, linked tables, which taken together are called a relational database. Most modern computerized databases are relational databases.
A database table is a logical grouping of related data, organized by the common attributes or characteristics of individual data items. Each column or field in the table contains a particular attribute, and is of one particular data type. Typical data types include boolean, string, numeric, date/time, etc. Each row or record in the table contains a complete set of every data value related to a single item.
For example, a table containing data from the OPC DataHub might have columns (fields) for a point name, value, timestamp, and quality. Each row (record) would show the various data values logged for that point at different times:
A different kind of table might have one column for a timestamp, and then additional columns containing the values of different DataHub points logged at each time, like this:
A database table may require each row (or record) to be uniquely identified. This is commonly done through a key column, whose main and (sometimes only) purpose is to provide a unique identifying value to the row. Most DBMSs allow this value to be assigned manually by the database user, or automatically through an auto-incrementing counter or other mechanism. It is possible for a table to have multiple key columns, but some funtions in the OPC DataHub will only write to tables with a single key column. For more information about configuring database tables with the OPC DataHub, please refer to Section 6.4, "Configuring a Database Table"
Connecting to a database is done through the DBMS, which normally offers two possibilities: native drivers and ODBC (Open Database Connectivity). Native drivers are inconvenient to use because each requires its own programming interface. ODBC, on the other hand, specifies a standardized, common interface that is available from almost every database vendor, including SQL Server, MS Access, MySQL, Oracle, and many, many more. The OPC DataHub uses ODBC to connect to databases.
ODBC supports communication with a DBMS locally or across a network, using an ODBC driver. Every ODBC-compliant DBMS provides an ODBC driver, which needs to be installed on the user's machine. For example, there is an ODBC driver for MS Access, for SQL Server, for MySQL, and so on.
You can use the Windows ODBC Data Source Administrator to configure a connection between the ODBC driver and the specific database you want to work with. That configuration is called the Data Source Name, or DSN. For example, the OPC DataHub references the DSN and uses the configured connection for the ODBC driver to connect to the database.
Configuring the DSN is straightforward, varying slightly depending on the ODBC driver you are working with. Usually you need to select an ODBC driver, create a name for the DSN, and select a database. Other information, such as a login name or password may be required or optional. For more information, please refer to Section 6.3, "Setting up the DSN (Data Source Name)"
Once connected to a database, any queries (requests) to retrieve, modify, add, or delete data must be made through a language. The most popular database query language is SQL (Structured Query Language), pronounced "sequel" or "ess-kyu-el". Created in the 1960s, this language has become a widely-used standard supported by most DBMSs, although there are some minor variations in certain commands offered.
The OPC DataHub uses SQL to write to and read from databases. When you configure the Data Logging interface to write DataHub point values, under the hood the commands used are written in SQL. The DataHub scripts also use SQL commands to write and read data. For example, the following line from the ODBCTutorial3.g script uses an SQL SELECT command to pull all of the data from a database table.
result =.conn.QueryToClass (.tableclass, string ("select * from ",.tablename));
The SELECT command is often used with the FROM and WHERE operators, in queries such as this:
SELECT data_element_1 FROM table_1 WHERE data_element_1 > 32 and data_element_1 < 212;
The syntax of SQL is fairly simple, and there are many books and online tutorials that can help you learn. The information presented here about SQL, ODBC, and databases in general should be enough to get started logging data with the OPC DataHub.
Copyright © _PHONE_ by Cogent Real-Time Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.


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Years go by and little seems to change for European honey producers. After a historic low all across the continent in 2021, the 2022 season shows a great contrast between fairly good production in the North of Europe while the South – where the largest production lies – was severely hit by a strong drought. This mixed result is burdened by the explosion of input costs for the sector. After several years at this rate, many European producers are questioning their future. Copa and Cogeca expects concrete and rapid answers in the framework of the revision of the Honey Directive.
The Copa and Cogeca working party Honey gathered last week to discuss the current situation of the sector. Beside a warm and good start to the season all over the continent, the summer divided Europe into two. In the North, the blooming and nectar production, supported by seldom rains, were good enough for the production and harvest of honey. On the contrary, the South of Europe had to cope with one of the worst droughts in decades (up to 80% less honey than usual in parts of the Iberian peninsula). The harsh climate conditions affected flowers and trees' quantity of nectar, influencing, in this way, the bees' ability to produce honey.
Furthermore, the energy crisis and the general inflation have had severe consequences on the viability of European beekeepers. For example, the increase in the price of packaging costs, including glass for jars (15% to 60% increase reported depending on country), fuel (30% to 40%), electricity (50% to 150%) and feed for bees (50% to 70%) represent a serious economic problem. The increase of costs of productions for beekeepers are not properly transferred along the supply chain. Considering that stocks of honey from 2021 to 2022 have been very low and that demand remained stable, the current period highlights the inconsistencies of the current European market.
For Stanislav Jaš, Chair of the Working Party Honey, "European beekeepers are undergoing a very critical period. I have the feeling I am repeating myself year after year, but the sustainability of the European production and its essential service of pollination is at stake! We are losing production potential in many key areas in Europe mainly due to climate change and economic climate threatening the viability of beekeeping operations across the EU. More than ever, we must defend the authenticity of honey as well as the transparency on the honey market. In line with its widely promoted policy initiatives on sustainability under the European Green Deal, such as the Farm to Fork strategy, the European Commission together with European capitals can put in place concrete tools and mechanisms that could help both producers and consumers. We ask for real actions!".
This is the reason why Copa and Cogeca reiterate their call for a revision of the EU Honey Directive, strengthening labelling on the country-of-origin of honey in blends, accompanied by solid beekeeper-friendly rules on traceability to fight trade in counterfeit honey in bulk. It is essential that the European Commission proposes legislative changes and control mechanisms that support the honey producers' livelihoods, consumers' quest for genuine and quality food and Member States ability to fight fraud.
Artigo publicado originalmente em Copa Cogeca.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text: The design of a hybrid circuit frequency compensation module for use with various infrared instrumentation systems is discussed. The design objective is to achieve essentially the same preamplifier response over a given range of frequencies both at high-level output and at low-level output, when operating at the same temperature as a cryogenic sensor (detector). The design procedure requires that the temperature and/or voltage variation of resistor values used in the module be either (a) measured directly or (b) extracted from comparison of measured and computer-generated frequency response curves. It is found that a computer-aided design procedure using iterative analysis with an ac network analysis program results in reduced design and development time. Also, this procedure leads to a better understanding of problems associated with cryogenic sensor-amplifier interfaces.


Designing Purposeful Organizations in a rapidly changing world in 7 weeks
We live in a world that is evolving rapidly. Employers are already recruiting for jobs that will require skills that are not yet
known to them, let alone to those working in education to prepare their future workforce. In this workshop, we will examine a simple
but robust framework for understanding the changes and challenges we face. We will also examine how the United Nations
Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) can be used to inform strategic scenario planning and how organizations are able to align
everything they do to an inspiring purpose that supports the needs of humanity and the world we inhabit.
 1. Take and apply a framework for purposeful alignment
 2. Use the UN SDGs in scenario planning
 3. Explain the role of leadership in changing the world
 4. Create the conditions for success in any venture: purpose; vision; engagement; structure; character; results; success and human talent


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An aspergillum (less commonly, aspergilium or aspergil) is a liturgical implement used to sprinkle holy water. It comes in two common forms: a brush that is dipped in the water and shaken, and a perforated ball at the end of a short handle. Some have sponges or internal reservoirs that dispense holy water when shaken, while others must periodically be dipped in an aspersorium (holy water bucket, known to art historians as a situla).
An aspergillum is used in Roman Catholic and Anglican ceremonies, including the Rite of Baptism and during the Easter Season. In addition, a priest will use the aspergillum to bless the candles during candlemas services and the palms during Palm Sunday Mass. At a requiem, if a coffin is present, the priest will sprinkle holy water on the coffin. The aspergillum can be used in other manners where sprinkling of holy water is appropriate, as in a house blessing, in which the priest might bless the entry to the home. The name derives from the Latin verb aspergere 'to sprinkle'.
The form of the aspergillum differs in the Eastern Orthodox Church. In the Greek Orthodox Church the aspergillum (randistirion) is in the form of a standing vessel with a tapering lid. The top of the lid has holes in it from which the agiasmos (holy water) is sprinkled. In the Russian Orthodox Church the aspergillum is in the form of a whisk made of cloth or hair. Sometimes, sprigs of basil are used to sprinkle holy water. In some of the Oriental Orthodox Churches, no aspergillum is used, but the priest will pour holy water into the palm of his right hand and throw it on the faithful.
Leviticus Chapter 14
- "3. 'And the priest goes out of the camp and the priest looks, and beholds that the sore of the leprosy of the leper is healed.' 4. 'And the priest commands, and takes, for the one healed, two unblemished live birds, cedar wood, Coccus scarlet, and hyssop.' 5. 'And the priest commands, and slaughters the one bird in a pottery vessel upon living water.' 6. 'He takes the live bird and the cedar wood and the Coccus scarlet and the hyssop and dips them and the live bird in the blood of the bird slaughtered upon the living water.' 7. 'And sprinkle seven times upon him purified of leprosy, and he is purified, and sends the live bird upon the face of the field."
- "Of the cedar wood, hyssop, clean bird, and scarlet wool or fillet, were made an aspergillum, or instrument to sprinkle with. The cedar wood served for the handle, the hyssop and living bird were attached to it, by means of the scarlet wool or crimson fillet. The bird was so bound to this handle, as that its tail should be downwards, in order to be dipped in the blood of the bird that had been killed. The whole of this made an instrument for the sprinkling of this blood, and when this business was done, the living bird was let loose, and permitted to go whithersoever it would." Adam Clarke, 1831, vol. I p. 529
- "Verse 5. Over running water] Literally, living, that is spring water. The meaning appears to be this; some water (about a quarter of a log, an egg shell and half full, according to the rabbins) was taken from a spring, and put in a clean earthen vessel, and they killed the bird over this water, that the blood might drop into it…" A. C. I p. 529
- "The unusual ceremony in 14:2-9 reflects a primitive idea that linked physical illness with a winged evil demon, which had to be exorcised for health to be restored. The priest, as sole arbiter in the matter, met the persons outside the camp. If he appeared to be healed, the priest ordered him to slay one of two clean birds and mix its blood with spring water…Taking the other bird, a piece of cedar, some red yarn, and a sprig of hyssop, the priest immersed them all in the water and blood, sprinkled the man seven times to purify him, and then released the living bird. The lustral waters drew their purifying powers from being both fresh and reddened by the bird's blood. Since the color red had an inherent power to frighten evil spirits, this was likely the significance of the crimson yarn, colored by dyestuffs derived from insects… Both the cedar and the hyssop (the latter actually a form of caper, true hyssop not being found in Palestine) were used for sacred aspersions… It is possible that the yarn bound the hyssop sprig to the cedar to form an aspergillum (Cazelles) although the text is not so explicit and they are evidently not so arranged in Num [Numbers] 19:6. The release of the bird symbolized the departure of the evil spirit." The New Jerome Bibilical Commentary p. 70
Aspergilla are also used in modern paganism, particularly to cleanse a ritual area in Wicca, as part of a spell, or during a Wheel of the Year festival in contemporary Witchcraft. Lunarized water, saltwater, or rainwater are most typically used.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


6.3. Networks
6.3.1. Network Card Limit in Virtual Machines
6.3.2. ARP Packet Checksum Errors
6.3.3. Changing Cluster Heartbeat Network Does Not Reflect New IP Address
This section contains the known issues and workarounds related to networks and networking.
6.3.1. Network Card Limit in Virtual Machines
Oracle VM Manager supports eight network cards for each HVM virtual machine as outlined in Table 5 "Virtual machine maximums". However, the system library does not allow users to add more than three network cards when creating a virtual machine from installation media.
Workaround: After the virtual machine is created, add up to five new network cards by editing the virtual machine in Oracle VM Manager.
6.3.2. ARP Packet Checksum Errors
VLANs over bond mode 6 (balance-alb) bridge interface are not supported as this mode is incompatible with VLAN bridge interfaces.
Workaround: There are two workarounds for this problem:
 - Use bond mode 6 as a bridge interface; do not use VLANs over bond mode 6.
 - Use VLANs over bond modes (1=active-backup or 4=802.3ad) as a bridge interface.
6.3.3. Changing Cluster Heartbeat Network Does Not Reflect New IP Address
If you move the Cluster Heartbeat network role to another network, with a different IP address, the change is not reflected in the Oracle VM Servers.
Workaround: Edit the /etc/ocfs2/cluster.conf file on each Oracle VM Server in the network to reflect the new IP address, and restart each Oracle VM Server.


text:
Let's look at an example:
(a) Tanya's car is the sixth one that is yellow.
(b) Tanya's car is the sixth one, which is yellow.
These have different meanings. The first tells you that we look for 6 yellow cars, and take the last of them. The second tells us that Tanya's car is the sixth in line, and that it also happens to be yellow.
In the first sentence, we use "that" because knowing the color is essential to finding her car. In sentence (b) we use "which" to introduce a clause containing some information we don't necessarily need to identify her car.
We use the word "that" when the information following it is necessary and we use "which" when the information isn't necessarily required to identify the subject in question.
Hope this helps!

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
An integral part of engineering design is the development of models that describe physical behavior or phenomena in mathematical terms. As engineering systems have become more complex, classic linear methods of modeling and analysis have proved inadequate, creating a need for nonlinear models to solve design problems. This 1999 text provides an introduction to mathematical modeling of linear and nonlinear systems, with an emphasis on the solution of nonlinear design problems. While encouraging the use of the computer as a tool for modeling and analysis, the aim is to discuss the basic concepts underlying computer techniques and to seek analytical solutions. Among topics covered are exact solution, numerical solution, graphical solution, and approximate solution methods; and the stability of nonlinear systems. Numerous examples show how to apply modeling methods to real engineering systems. The book also includes end-of-chapter problems and case studies of challenging design problems. Intended for advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate students, this text will also serve as a helpful reference for practising engineers.
Buy Design Analysis book by David E. Thompson from Australia's Online Independent Bookstore, Boomerang Books.
(253mm x 177mm x 17mm)
Cambridge University Press
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Country of Publication:


Redstone Circuits
From Minecraft Wiki
Guides This is a Guide.
This article has been assembled by one or more members of the community as a helpful resource, instructing players on some aspect of Minecraft. If desired, you may clarify or expand this article yourself.
Guides
For other redstone-related objects found in Minecraft, see Redstone (Disambiguation).
Redstone circuitry is a feature that was introduced during the Alpha development phase of Minecraft. It is Minecraft's version of electricity. This feature allows players to create intricate redstone-based mechanisms and machines. Basic redstone circuitry is often used in building traps or hidden passages.
Redstone circuitry is similar to real-world digital electronics (based on boolean algebra)
Basic Mechanics
Redstone Wire
Redstone Wire acts as a power conductor. Power can travel a distance of 15 blocks along a wire. To increase the range, place Redstone Repeaters in the circuit; this will increase the range of power by another 15 blocks. To place redstone wire, right-click on a block while holding redstone dust. Note: redstone can't be placed on ice, glass (Before 1.13) , pistons, sticky pistons, leaves, TNT, cake, slabs, stairs, beds, glowstone, and wooden or iron doors. If water runs over the redstone wire, it will drop as redstone dust.
Powering Blocks
Some blocks in Minecraft may be powered or unpowered. Think of a "powered block" as a block of dirt or an empty space (though no truly empty air block can be powered) that is invisibly electrified, but safe to touch.
Power may be transmitted from a powered block to one or more of the six directly adjacent blocks. To transmit power, a block must be either:
One must be careful to note that a Redstone torch placed on the side of a block of dirt is actually part of the block next to the dirt, not part of the dirt block itself. Similarly, Redstone wire that is placed on top of a block of dirt is part of the block above the dirt. However, if the block on which the Redstone wire is placed becomes powered in any way, so does the Redstone wire.
Each actively-powered block transmits power in several directions, depending on the contents of the block:
 - A redstone torch powers itself and the block directly above it, unless that block is air. This also activates adjacent power conduits (redstone wire).
 - A Pressure Plate, lever or button activates both the block in which it is located and the block on which it is placed.
 - Redstone wire powers itself, the block below it, the block it is pointing to or the block below that.
Redstone Wire and Signal Strength
Whether a block is weakly or normally (strongly) powered affects how redstone wires interact with it. Blocks are strongly powered by redstone power sources; torches (from below), repeaters, levers, pressure plates etc. If a block is powered only by redstone wire, then it is weakly powered. Redstone wire which is adjacent to, on top of, or below a block that is strongly powered will become active. It will not become active if that block is weakly powered.
Powering Devices
A device, such as a door, a Rail, a block of TNT, or fence gate is activated when an adjacent block is powered. As a simple example, placing a redstone torch next to a door will change the state of the door to on. Similarly, standing on a pressure plate immediately adjacent to a door will activate the door. However, standing on a pressure plate two blocks away from a door will not activate the door, because the power does not reach the block next to or under the door.
To power devices at a distance, the power must be conducted from the active power source to the device; Redstone wire is used for this purpose. As noted above, the redstone wire is part of the block it is physically located in, not the block to which it is attached. Redstone wire, or dust, has two states: on (lit) and off (unlit).
The simplest way to activate redstone wire is to put a redstone torch or switch adjacent to the wire. It also works to have a torch or switch directly above the wire, attached to a wall.
A redstone torch is itself a powered device; its default state is "on", but it will be turned off if it receives power from the block to which it is attached. This feature, along with the use of wire to transmit power in particular directions over distance, is the basis for the advanced redstone devices and circuitry below.
Care must be taken to follow the power rules precisely, or one might see unexpected results. For example, consider a pressure plate. Activating the plate will power the block underneath the plate as well as the block in which the plate resides. Nevertheless, redstone wire beneath this block will still be powered, because it is adjacent to the powered block above it. However, activating the plate will not turn off a redstone torch placed beneath the powered block—in fact, placing a redstone torch under the block under the pressure plate will power it continuously, effectively disabling the plate.
Specific Powered Devices
Certain devices act in specific ways, for example:
 - If a block is powered, a redstone torch attached to it will be deactivated.
 - If a block is powered, a door on top of it or adjacent to it will toggle its state from open to closed or vice versa. (The actual state will depend, because doors were implemented unintuitively.)
 - If a block is powered, and it is a note block/dispenser, it will play/shoot once.
 - If a block is powered, and rails are above it, they will toggle shape. (One can still have the wiring power the rail directly.)
Common Errors to Avoid
The following are common errors to avoid:
 - Trying to transmit power through a block that doesn't have any redstone wire on it. While a generic block (dirt, sand, gravel, etc.) adjacent to the end of a wire can receive power, it will not transmit that power to wire on the other side, because it is not one of the blocks that can transmit power. If one has a block that one cannot move, send wire around it (including on top of it). Alternatively, one can put a repeater on the side transmitting power, as repeaters can send power through blocks (see below).
 - If a block has redstone wire on top and a redstone torch on the side, then the block above the torch must be either air, glass or a half-tile (unless one knows what one is doing). If one places any solid block above the torch, it will create a feedback loop and the torch will probably burn out.
Logic Gates
A logic gate can be thought of as a simple device that will return a number of outputs, determined by the pattern of inputs and rules that the logic gate follows. For example, if both inputs in an AND gate are in the 'true'/'on'/'powered' state, then the gate will return 'true'/'on'/'powered'. Much more in-depth information and a better explanation of this expansive topic is available on Wikipedia.
Below is a list of some of the basic gates with example images and MC Redstone Sim diagrams. There are many different ways to construct them other than those shown below, so use them as guidelines for creating one to fit one's needs. Most circuits have multiple valid implementations, with various advantages and disadvantages between designs such as size, complexity, performance, maintenance overhead.
Keep in mind that :
 - tick is the delay between the events "redstone torch receives power" and "redstone torch turns off or on". (depending on its initial state);
 - repeaters can be set to 1,2,3,4 tick(s). One tick = 0.1 seconds.
 - The rapid pulser is too fast for repeaters.
File:StandardLogicGates.png
Basic logic gate diagrams
Piston Circuits
Piston Circuits are circuits featuring logic gates created with pistons that are in some cases smaller and more compact than traditional logic gates. Some circuits, such as a 0.5 tick on and 0.5 tick off clock, need pistons.
Circuit Symbols
Each symbol represents one to three blocks (most often one or two), viewed from above. All descriptions are with reference to a "ground level", the level where one is building one's gate on.
Symbol guide for redstone simulator v2.2
From left to right:
 1. Air: air over air, i.e. two empty blocks, one above the other above ground level
 2. Block: air over a block (of any sort)
 3. Two Blocks: block over block, i.e. two solid blocks above ground level
 4. Wire: wire (with a block assumed below the wire, below ground level)
 5. Redstone Torch: air over redstone torch (all torches are redstone torches in circuits)
 6. Wire over Block
 7. Torch over Block
 8. Block over Wire (i.e.: layer 1 is wire; layer 2 is a block)
 9. Block over Torch
 10. Torch over Wire (i.e.: layer 1 is wire; layer 2 is a torch, attached to adjacent layer 2 block not shown)
 11. Bridge: wire on top of block, over wire (with the usual empty air block above the top wire, see redstone schematics)
 12. Lever (aka Switch): air


text:
The Past in Perspective An Introduction to Human Prehistory, by Feder, Kenneth L.
Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.
- ISBN: 9780199950737 | _PHONE_
- Cover: Paperback
- Copyright: 6/27/2013
Ideal for introduction to archaeology and world prehistory courses, The Past in Perspective: An Introduction to Human Prehistory, Sixth Edition, is an engaging and up-to-date chronological overview of human prehistory. Kenneth L. Feder introduces students to "the big picture"--the grand sweep of human evolutionary history--presenting the human past within the context of fundamental themes of cultural evolution. Written in a refreshingly accessible voice, this unique narrative personalizes the past and makes it relevant to today's students. Using a consistent chapter format--"Prelude, Chronicle, Issues and Debates, and Case Study Close-up"--Feder helps students master both what we definitely know and what is still debatable about the complex story of the human past.


What Is A Telephoto Lens?
What Is A Telephoto Lens?
Widely used among both professional and amateur photographers, telephoto lenses are incredibly popular and can help take your photos to a whole new level.
Telephoto lenses are used in landscape, portrait and sports photography and can enhance the precision of your images. A telephoto lens has a long reach, allowing you to magnify a subject that is several meters away.
Here's what you should know about the benefits and disadvantages of using a camera equipped with a telephoto lens
Telephoto Lens Definition
A telephoto lens is generally defined as any focal length beyond 'normal'. Put simply, this is any focal length beyond around 50mm
Some people confuse telephoto lenses and zoom lenses, usually because most telephoto lenses are of the zoom variety. However, the two are not necessarily related and one can find telephoto lenses in both the Prime and Zoom configurations. You can read more about the differences between zoom and prime lenses here.
What Does A Telephoto Lens Do?
Essentially, a camera equipped with a telephoto lens allows you to capture far-away subjects or simply have a close object fill more of the frame.
Because of this, telephoto lenses are ideal for wildlife photographers or other individuals who cannot move close to their subjects because of physical constraints or safety concerns, likewise event and sports photographers also find them essential. However, these types of lenses also enhance the artistic appeal of a photograph by blurring the background behind your subject, making them very popular for portrait photographers as well.
This is known as'subject isolation' - allowing the photographer to eliminate distractions and ensure that the viewers focus is on their chosen subject. Telephoto lenses excell at this, regardless of where they are applied
Most Commonly Used Telephoto Focal Lengths
Here are the most commonly used telephoto focal lengths:
 - 70–200mm lenses:
 These lenses are ideal for capturing portraiture and events. You can capture a sharp subject with a blurred background so the focus remains on the subject. They are often the 'fastest' (wide aperture) telephoto zoom lenses, making them popular for low light situations like events and indoor sports where a slower zoom lens, or less versatile prime lens, may not be ideal.
 - 100–400mm lenses:
 This lens type allows photographers to accurately capture subjects that are far away. While usually'slower' this lens type is a popular choice for wildlife photographers shooting in bright outdoor situations.
 - 85mm prime lenses:
 These lenses are great for shooting portraits as they have a shallow depth of field. You can easily capture sharp subjects that appear crisp and concise. As a Prime Lens, they are generally some of the fastest lenses you can get, creating fantastic subject isolation under controlled conditions.
 - 135mm prime lenses:
 Similar to 85mm lenses, 135mm have a shallow depth of field that is ideal for shooting portraits, weddings and sporting events. They can be rather large and bulky however, making them less ideal for photographers on-the-go compared to an 85mm
 - Super telephoto prime lenses:
 These types of lenses typically start at around 600mm. While generally large, bulky and slow, they provide a field of view generally un-acheivable with any other lens and are popular for wildlife, deep sky astro and bird photography.
Why Use A Telephoto Lens?
Because a telephoto lens closes the distance between the photographer and the subject, it is perfect for capturing wildlife and sporting events.
Here are the benefits of using a camera equipped with a telephoto lens:
 - Photography subjects are magnified and appear closer to the camera.
 - Telephoto lenses help produced blurred backgrounds, providing excellet subject isolation
 - Telephoto lenses are ideal for creating flattering portraits, generally focal lengths below 50mm can create undesirable distortion which can be unflattering for human subjects. Between 70 - 135mm is often cited as the ideal focal range for flattering portraits.
Best Telephoto Lenses to Choose
There are countless telephoto lenses on the market to choose from. With so many options, how do you know which one to choose? Here are three of the best-selling telephoto lenses available from C.R Kennedy:
Pentax D FA 70-200mm f/2.8 ED Lens
Weather sealed and optically precise, the Pentax D FA 70-200mm f/2.8 ED Lens is one of the best lenses on the market. The Pentax has a bayonet hood and a long petal configuration that snaps easily into position and helps elminate flare without darkening the edges of your image. The hood also comes with a removable section that allows you to enable the filters without removing the lens.
Each lens comes with a clutch mechanism that allows you to manually focus the adjustments. The lens also comes with various modes of operation, including the ability to limit your focus within a selected range, greatly improving the speed and accuracy of the autofocus.
Sigma 100-400mm f/5-6.3 DG DN OS Contemporary Lens
Another quality lens is the Sigma 100-400mm f/5-6.3 DG DN OS Contemporary Lens. It's sturdy and durable but has a lightweight construction that allows for flexibility. Designed for mirrorless cameras, it seeks to strike a balance between weight, size and optical performance. The lens also comes with an optional tripod mounting ring, allowing for maximum stability while photographing subjects.
The lens also features excellent optical stabilisation for when you need to go handheld.
Zeiss Batis 135mm f/2.8 Lens
The Zeiss Batis 135mm f/2.8 Lens is very light and compact prime lens, allowing for flexibility without making a compromise on image quality
While many 135mm lenses feature faster apertures, this is often at the expense of size and weight, making this lens ideal for those looking for excellent portraits without sacrificing portability.
If you are ready to purchase a high-quality telephoto lens that is both affordable and functional, look no further than C.R. Kennedy.
C.R. Kennedy is one of Australia's leading distributors of cameras and photographic equipment. We offer a wide range of Lenses along with Mirrorless, Full Frame, and Action Cameras.
If you need more information on macro lenses and camera lenses in general, check out more articles on the C.R. Kennedy blog.
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text:
The Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board is currently working to update the 2009 Barossa Water Allocation Plan, in consultation with the community, industry and other key stakeholders such as local councils and the RDA. This update will be based on the latest information about water resources in the area, as well as their importance to the community for different purposes.
Water allocation plans help manage water resources such as surface water in farm dams, creeks and rivers, and groundwater in the aquifers below the soil surface. This is especially important where limited water resources are under demand for multiple purposes. Information from the community about the value of, and threats to, water resources in the area will help identify priorities in a water allocation plan for the future management of ground and surface water in the Barossa.


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Family therapy in Inverness, Highlands
Family therapy is about helping families and 'family like groups' find ways to improve things as a family unit using constructive methods. At our Inverness centre, our experienced family therapists will work with all members of the family – young and old – helping you explore ways to move forward as a family unit and providing support as you make changes.
Can family therapy help my family?
There are a number of common issues that can have a huge impact on family relationships. Our family therapists are particularly experienced at supporting families experiencing the following issues:
- Family life / relationship changes
- Parenting issues
- Emotional difficulties after bereavement
- Eating disorders
- Couple relationship problems
- Separation / divorce
- Adolescent or child behaviours, e.g. attention issues and over-activity
- Adolescent / child mental health
- Adult mental health
- Adoption and fostering
- Social policy, such as child protection
- Domestic violence
- Post-trauma problems
- Drugs and alcohol abuse
Sometimes if an individual or couple within the family is experiencing particular difficulties, we may suggest individual or couples therapy for them in addition to attending family therapy. We are able to offer a range of therapy options at our Inverness centre including therapy for children or young people.


script I call bin2inc. The first parameter is the name of the resulting char[] variable. The second parameter is the name of the file. The output is C include file with the file content encoded (in lowercase hex) as the variable name given. The char array is zero terminated, and the length of the data is stored in $variableName_length
#!/bin/bash
fileSize ()
{
 [ -e "$1" ] && {
 set -- 'ls -l "$1"';
 echo $5;
 }
}
echo unsigned char $1'[] = {'
./xtr -fhex -p 0x -s ', ' < "$2";
echo '0x00'
echo '};';
echo '';
echo unsigned long int ${1}_length = $(fileSize "$2")';'
YOU CAN GET XTR HERE xtr (character eXTRapolator) is GPLV3
share|improve this answer
Even if it can be done at compile time (I don't think it can in general), the text would likely be the preprocessed header rather than the files contents verbatim. I expect you'll have to load the text from the file at runtime or do a nasty cut-n-paste job.
share|improve this answer
in x.h
"this is a "
"buncha text"
in main.c
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
 char *textFileContents =
#include "x.h"
 ;
 printf("%s\n", textFileContents);
 return 0
}
ought to do the job.
share|improve this answer
Hasturkun's answer using the xxd -i option is excellent. If you want to incorporate the conversion process (text -> hex include file) directly into your build the hexdump.c tool/library recently added a capability similar to xxd's -i option (it doesn't give you the full header - you need to provide the char array definition - but that has the advantage of letting you pick the name of the char array):
_URL_
It's license is a lot more "standard" than xxd and is very liberal - an example of using it to embed an init file in a program can be seen in the CMakeLists.txt and scheme.c files here:
_URL_
There are pros and cons both to including generated files in source trees and bundling utilities - how to handle it will depend on the specific goals and needs of your project. hexdump.c opens up the bundling option for this application.
share|improve this answer
I think it is not possible with the compiler and preprocessor alone. gcc allows this:
#define _STRGF(x) # x
#define STRGF(x) _STRGF(x)
 printk ( MODULE_NAME " built " __DATE__ " at " __TIME__ " on host "
 STRGF(
# define hostname my_dear_hostname
 hostname
 )
 "\n" );
But unfortunately not this:
#define _STRGF(x) # x
#define STRGF(x) _STRGF(x)
 printk ( MODULE_NAME " built " __DATE__ " at " __TIME__ " on host "
 STRGF(
# include "/etc/hostname"
 )
 "\n" );
The error is:
/etc/hostname: In function 'init_module':
/etc/hostname:1:0: error: unterminated argument list invoking macro "STRGF"
share|improve this answer

I've looked, as you bid me look. I don't see any new information in your answer (information that is not in other answers), beyond a reference to /etc/hostname as a way of embedding the name of the build machine in the string, which (even if it worked) would not be portable since Mac OS X does not have a file /etc/hostname. Note that using macro names that start with an underscore followed by a capital letter is using a name reserved to the implementation, which is A Bad Thing™. – Jonathan Leffler Apr 15 '14 at 14:26
Why not link the text into the program and use it as a global variable! Here is an example. I'm considering using this to include Open GL shader files within an executable since GL shaders need to be compiled for the GPU at runtime.
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Publications in Scientific Journals:
M. Schartner, C. Plötz, B. Soja:
"Automated VLBI scheduling using AI-based parameter optimization";
Journal of Geodesy, 95 (2021), 58; 1 - 17.
English abstract:
Within this work, a new geodetic very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) scheduling approach inspired by evolutionary processes based on selection, crossover and mutation is presented. It mimics the biological concept "surviving of the fittest" to iteratively explore the scheduling parameter space looking for the best solution. Besides providing high-quality results, one main benefit of the proposed approach is that it enables the generation of fully automated and individually optimized schedules. Moreover, it generates schedules based on transparent rules, well-defined scientific goals and by making decisions based on Monte Carlo simulations. The improvements in terms of precision of geodetic parameters are discussed for various observing programs organized by the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS), such as the OHG, R1, and T2 programs. In the case of schedules with a difficult telescope network, an improvement in the precision of the geodetic parameters up to 15% could be identified, as well as an increase in the number of observations of up to 10% compared to classical scheduling approaches. Due to the high quality of the produced schedules and the reduced workload for the schedulers, various IVS observing programs are already making use of the evolutionary parameter selection, such as the AUA, INT2, INT3, INT9, OHG, T2 and VGOS-B program.
VLBI, IVS, Scheduling, Evolutionary algorithm, Evolutionary strategy, AI
Electronic version of the publication:
Created from the Publication Database of the Vienna University of Technology.


Edit Article
Computer users have differing needs, for some printing is important. Adding a printer to Linux may seem different from other operating systems. If you're buying a printer avoid Lexmark as these have the worst compatibility with Linux. Networked printers are convenient and include printers on a wireless network which are even more convenient. So this article assumes you have a network and printer and are running KDE.
 1. 1
 Turn on your network (or router) and ensure it can see any network devices. If you use MAC filtering you will need to add your printer and an IP address.
 2. 2
 Turn on your printer and connect it to your network. Usually this is done on a panel on the printer if it is wireless or plugged in directly if it is wired.
 3. 3
 Turn on your computer and see if it detects your printer automatically.
 4. 4
 If it does not appear automatically, go through the add printer wizard as superuser. Click administrator mode (enter your password) and you will have a red border.
 5. 5
 Click Add, then new printer to launch the wizard.
 6. 6
 Choose your connection type.
Article Info
Categories: Stub | Linux | Printers
In other languages:
Español: agregar una impresora de red en Linux, Italiano: Aggiungere una Stampante di Rete su Linux, Русский: добавить сетевой принтер в Linux
Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 77,391 times.
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text:
How are YOU going to celebrate National Peanut Day? Over here at Dish Trip we thought it was only appropriate to celebrate this famous in-flight food... in the air! So for our first ever "Food Flight," we staged a creative culinary competition for the unsuspecting passengers on a recent Southwest flight to Denver, CO.
Four courageous competitors were hand-picked by crew members (and by Southwest Airlines' own Brooks Thomas), and challenged to improvise their own in-flight culinary creation using peanuts — the featured ingredient — along with other food that would normally be found on a typical domestic flight. We also threw in some other bonus ingredients!
Check out the video below. Happy National Peanut Day to all of you who are Nuts about Southwest! And a special thanks to Nikki, Jeannie, and Adam for making this an amazing experience. And to Mandy, for being our muse!
Top-Ten Peanut Facts*
- The peanut is not a nut, but a legume related to beans and lentils.
- There are enough peanuts in one acre to make 30,000 peanut butter sandwiches.
- Two peanut farmers have been elected president of the US: Thomas Jefferson and Jimmy Carter.
- A peanut made it to the moon! Astronaut Allen B. Sheppard brought one with him in 1971.
- Peanuts contribute more than $4 billion to the US economy each year.
- There are four types of peanuts grown in the US: Runner, Virginia, Spanish and Valencia.
- The peanut plant originated in South America.
- A mature peanut plant produces about 40 pods that then grow into peanuts.
- Peanuts have a higher antioxidant capacity than grapes, green tea, tomatoes, spinach, broccoli, carrots and many other foods.
- Peanuts contain over 30 essential nutrients and are naturally cholesterol-free.
Ever wonder where the term "Peanut Gallery" comes from? The term became popular in the late 19th century and referred to the rear or uppermost seats in a theater, which were also the cheapest seats. People seated in such a gallery were able to throw peanuts, a common food at theaters, at those seated below them. It also applied to the first row of seats in a theater, for the occupants of those seats could throw peanuts at the stage, stating their displeasure with the performance.
* Peanut facts sourced from The National Peanut Board
Don't forget to follow us on Twitter _USER_ or friend Dish Trip on Facebook for more dining details in a city near you. Thanks for reading—we'll see you on the next Dish Trip. Do you have a favorite city or food destination that we should know about? Share with us in the comments below.
Southwest Airlines has procedures in place to assist our Customers with severe allergies to peanut dust. You can read about those procedures here.


text:
(1846–1922). American public official Luke Edward Wright served as attorney general of the state of Tennessee in the 1870s. Among his other appointments, he was secretary of war under President Theodore Roosevelt from 1908 to 1909.
Wright was born on August 29, 1846, in Giles county, Tennessee. He was the son of Archibald Wright (1809–84), who served as a judge on the Tennessee Supreme Court from 1858 until he was replaced in 1865. After the American Civil War began, the younger Wright served in the Confederate Army, where he was commended for bravery. He entered the University of Mississippi in 1867 but left the next year to intern and study law in his father's office. After being admitted to the bar, Wright began practicing law in Memphis, Tennessee.
Wright served as Tennessee's attorney general from 1870 to 1878. During the yellow fever epidemic in Memphis in the late 1870s, he used his supervisory skills to help in the relief efforts. In 1900 President William McKinley appointed Wright a member of the Second Philippine Commission (also called the Taft Commission), which was established to help govern the Philippines. In 1901 he became the vice-governor of the Philippines and then served as governor-general from 1904 to 1906.
President Roosevelt appointed Wright as the first ambassador to Japan in 1906. Wright resigned the next year. In 1908 he became secretary of war under President Roosevelt, serving until Roosevelt's term ended in 1909. During his tenure Wright stressed the importance of developing the new aircraft industry. After his public service work, Wright returned to Memphis, where he died on November 17, 1922.


BUSINESS CHALLENGE: A beverage manufacturer wanted to accurately attribute the sales impact of each marketing and trade activity taking into consideration both direct and indirect effects, particularly for digital media
APPROACH: Developed attribution model using econometric modeling techniques and identified direct and indirect path to sales
: Identified most effective marketing channels and quantified ROI after taking into account the direct and indirect effects of each activity


text:
NRC Shelter Handbook: Implementation through the 18 assistance methods
NRC understands there to be 18 shelter assistance methods that are normally combined to support the affected population, depending upon the nature of the shelter or settlement programme. Most of these are commonly used by NRC shelter programmes while some, such as loans and credit, are generally outside our standard capacity but can be considered, if the context requires. The 18 assistance methods are summarised below and then elaborated further in this chapter. Case study examples are offered, in order to illustrate how past responses can be understood using the 18 methods. Although the details of how each assistance method is used in each project will vary, the values of using a comprehensive and consistent description include improving communication between stakeholders, as well as making more visible lessons learnt from previous projects.
Resources on this Collection


text:
Sumitomo started its business in 17th century Kyoto, where Masatomo Sumitomo opened a shop selling books and medicines. Masatomo wrote a book titled Monjuin Shiigaki, in which he clarified the basics of business. Masatomo's words in that book constitute the basis of the Sumitomo philosophy.
At about the same time, Masatomo's brother-in-law, Riemon Soga, was running a copper refining business and a copper workshop (under the name Izumiya) in Kyoto. After repeated trial and error, he finally developed technology for separating silver from unrefined copper, by applying technology he had learned from Europeans.


Question: Does Bleach Dissolve Toilet Paper?
What will dissolve feces?
Wait until it dissolves the poop, and then flush the toilet a few times..
What enzyme breaks down poop?
RID-X is made of four natural enzymes that each break down a certain element of solid waste. Cellulase breaks down toilet paper and some food matter, lipase breaks down fats, protease breaks down proteins and amylase breaks down starches.
How long does it take for paper towel to dissolve in water?
In fact, they can take up to eight days to dissolve, which makes their flushability claim useless, because we can't wait eight days to remove wastewater from Castro Valley!
What chemical will dissolve toilet paper?
Try placing two tablespoons of lye in toilet tissue, tightly wrapping the tissue so that it does not release the lye until flushed down, then drop in the toilet and flush immediately, using a full bucket of water to force it down if necessary.
What dissolves paper fast?
With a little heat and some acidic liquid, you can dissolve paper quickly and efficiently. Pour five cups of lemon juice into a cooking pot. Heat the lemon juice to a boil. While the lemon juice is heating, cut the paper by hand or with scissors into half-inch pieces.
Does vinegar dissolve poop?
Pour vinegar into the toilet – Use equal parts of vinegar and baking soda. This means that for one cup of baking soda, use one cup of vinegar. Once you pour the vinegar into the toilet, it will combine with the baking soda and begin fizzing immediately. The fizzing will build up quickly but also subside quickly.
Does hot water dissolve toilet paper?
Step 2: Return and See Your Handy Work. (Hot water helps break up toilet paper quicker and the soap lubricates the passage of solid material).
How long does it take for toilet paper to decompose?
one to three yearsIn this article, Backpacker reports it can take toilet paper anywhere from one to three years to decompose. Not quite as quick as you might think. Besides, regardless of whether toilet paper decomposes quickly or not, leaving it around is just plain gross.
Does acetone dissolve paper?
Acetone. Acetone is a powerful organic solvent that can be used to easily and quickly remove ink from paper. … It will remove most ink without causing any damage to the paper. Acetone is the major ingredient in nail polish remover.
Does bleach dissolve paper towel?
Does bleach dissolve paper towels? There are wipes but Inthink biggest clog was prom kitchen paper towels. … Bleach isn't a solvent and won't do much more than the water will. Bleach won't do it.
What toilet paper does not clog toilets?
Charmin Ultra Soft looked like a standard premium toilet paper. Its packaging claimed that it's a "no plunger" toilet paper. Meaning it won't clog your pipes.
Why is poop coming back into toilet?
How to fix a poop coming back up toilet problem – Quora. This means a blockage or flooding somewhere. If you have an inspection cover near where your sewage pipe joins the main pipe, check to see if it is also backed up; if yes, try clearing the blockage with drain rods (or pay someone else to do it).
What liquid can dissolve paper?
The secret lies in the fact that the paper is made of Sodium Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose (no, really, we didn't make that up.) It dissolves in cold water, hot water, steam, and most aqueous solutions.


text:
Boron trifluoride gas is collected at - 18.0 °C in an
Last updated: 7/28/2022
Boron trifluoride gas is collected at - 18.0 °C in an evacuated flask with a measured volume of 45.0 L. When all the gas has been collected, the pressure in the flask is measured to be 0.460 atm. Calculate the mass and number of moles of boron trifluoride gas that were collected. Round your answer to 3 significant digits.


text:
ITCT 2001 G-4 Flight Track Map
The map shows the 15 flights of the NOAA G4 aircraft during the 2001 ITCT study. The legend indicates the date when the flight originated in yymmdd (2 digit year, 2 digit month, 2 digit day) format and is color coded.
None of these flights were specifically targeted to study the transport or production of ozone. The science objectives of the flights were those of the annual Winter Storms Study; the measurement of ozone was an adjunct effort. Ozone was measured on 11 of the 15 flights.


text:
second comparator 380 and to determine whether the optical transceiver is functioning properly. If a bit error test is performed, controller 320 can determine whether a bit is indicated by first comparator 360 for each pulse of the predetermined drive sequence. For example, if a pulse is generated but the detection signal does not exceed the bit threshold 370, the missing bit can indicate an error condition. Alternatively, if a bit is detected at a time when no pulse is generated or when a pulse is attenuated by quantum well modulator 190, the extra bit can also signify an error condition. Similarly, when the level of the detected radiation exceeds obscurant threshold 390, an obscuration error can be indicated.
Controller 320 can update user interface 310 with information about the error condition. In one embodiment, controller 320 illuminates a green LED to signify that the optical transceiver is functioning properly or a red LED to indicate an error condition is detected. Additional status indicators can be used to signal the type of error. For example, a blue LED can be used to indicate a bit-error whereas a yellow LED can signal an obscuration error. In some embodiments, controller 320 can provide additional information for debugging purpose such as by outputting the received bit pattern and the expected bit pattern.
The expected bit signal indicates when a bit should be detected based on the LED pulses and the QW modulation. A bit is detected when the detection signal exceeds the bit threshold. When the quantum well modulator is pulsed, it is expected that the level of the detection signal will not exceed the bit threshold. This is indicated by the dashed vertical lines shown in the expected bit signal. The error signal reflects differences between the expected bit signal and the detection signal. Lastly, the bit signal indicates when a bit is detected.
Controller 320 can detect a bit error based on the relationship between the QW modulation pattern and the LED pulse pattern. As illustrated, a QW modulation pulse corresponds to every other LED pulse. If a bit is detected out of sequence, controller 320 can signal a bit error. A bit error can also arise when an expected bit is not detected. Similarly, controller 320 can detect an obscuration error when the level of the detection signal exceeds the obscuration threshold. In some embodiments, two or more error signals are provided to signify bit error and obscuration error conditions. Controller 320 can be configured to update user interface 310 based on the error signals to indicate the functioning of the optical transceiver.
As illustrated, a sequence of LED pulses representing the bit pattern _PHONE_ is generated. QW modulation pulses are time-aligned to coincide with the fourth and sixth bits in the LED pulse sequence so that the retro-modulated bit signal is expected to be _PHONE_. However, the expected bit corresponding to the second position in the LED pulse sequence is not detected. This results in the first bit error (missing bit). A bit error is also detected in relation to the fourth position in the LED pulse sequence. This pulse is QW modulated so that no bit is expected at the detector. The detected bit therefore represents a second bit error (extra bit). Accordingly, the received bit signal _PHONE_ does not match the expected bit signal _PHONE_ indicating a bit error condition.
At block 720, a level of the emitted radiation is detected within the optical chamber. The emitted radiation can be detected by one or more photodiodes disposed in relation to a window of the optical chamber. In some embodiments, the pulses of radiation include wavelengths in the infrared spectrum and the photodiodes are configured to detect an intensity of the radiation at the infrared wavelengths. Based on a level of the emitted radiation, one or more error conditions can be detected.
A first error condition can be signaled, block 730, when the level of radiation exceeds a first threshold associated with obscurants. The first threshold can be a predetermined value such as a measured value corresponding to a level of radiation reflected into the optical chamber when its window is occluded. Alternatively, the first threshold can be calculated based on an intensity of the emitted radiation and other factors such as the depth of modulation of an incoming optical signal which can be achieved by the opto-electronic assembly. Various audible and/or visual cues can be used to signal the first error condition. For example, one or more color-coded light emitting diodes can be used.
At block 740, it is determined if the level of the radiation exceeds a second threshold value associated with detecting a data bit. A bit threshold can be established such that a data bit is detected when a level of the radiation exceeds the bit threshold. In some embodiments, the first and second thresholds correspond to different intensity levels of the radiation and the second threshold represents a lower intensity than the first threshold. For example, measured values of radiation reflected by an obscurant may be 8-10 dB higher than the intensity without the obscurant. The first and second thresholds can reflect this difference.
A second error condition can be detected based on a difference in a bit value of the pulses and a bit value of the detected radiation. The pulses can be generated according to a predetermined sequence of data bits. If the detected data bits differ from the predetermined bit sequence, an error is indicated. For example, a bit error can be signaled when radiation from a pulse corresponding to a bit value of '1' is detected as being '0' or vice versa. Also, one or more of the emitted pulses can be modulated and a bit error can be detected based on the modulated data sequence. For example, in one test, a series of pulses representing a TCOD value can be generated for testing. In another test, retro-modulation of the test pattern with a known response code can be simulated. In this way, an end-to-end test of the opto-electronic assembly can be performed.
Specific details are given in the above description to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it is understood that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. For example, circuits may be shown in block diagrams to avoid unnecessary detail. In other instances, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques may be shown without unnecessary detail to avoid obscuring the embodiments.
While the principles of the disclosure have been described above in connection with the specific apparatuses and methods, it is to be clearly understood that this description is made only by way of example and not as a limitation on the scope of the disclosure.
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US4097141||Mar 16, 1977||Jun 27, 1978||Warner David A||Optical objectives using apertured retrodirective reflectors|
|US4143263||Nov 6, 1975||Mar 6, 1979||Kurt Eichweber||Receiver-transmitter device for transmitting data by means of focused modulated, light beams|
|US4777660||Apr 10, 1987||Oct 11, 1988||Optelecom Incorporated||Retroreflective optical communication system|
|US4837575||Nov 14, 1988||Jun 6, 1989||Motorola, Inc.||Identification system|
|US4866781||Apr 1, 1983||Sep 12, 1989||Honeywell Inc.||Method and means of identifying objects with retro-reflected light|
|US4937795||Jul 5, 1988||Jun 26, 1990||Tokyo Keiki Co., Ltd.||Access alarming method and apparatus for working vehicle|
|US4983021||Aug 10, 1988||Jan 8, 1991||Fergason James L||Modulated retroreflector system|
|US5015096||Oct 24, 1988||May 14, 1991||Kowalski Frank V||Method and apparatus for testing optical components|
|US5083866||Jul 25, 1990||Jan 28, 1992||Eastman Kodak Company||Method for monitoring alignment using a modified retroreflector|
|US5084628 *||Jul 12, 1990||Jan 28, 1992||De La Rue Systems Ltd.||Sheet inspection method and apparatus having retroreflecting means|
|US5117305||Jul 25, 1990||May 26, 1992||Eastman Kodak Company||Modified retroreflector|
|US5121242||Feb 4, 1991||Jun 9, 1992||Martin Marietta Corporation||Retro-reflective optical transceiver|
|US5136602||Sep 25, 1990||Aug 4, 1992||Fujitsu Limited||Optical semiconductor device|
|US5144397||Mar 2, 1990||Sep 1, 1992||Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha||Light responsive semiconductor device|
|US5173643||Jun 25, 1990||Dec 22, 1992||Lutron Electronics Co., Inc.||Circuit for dimming compact fluorescent lamps|
|US5274379||Jul 20, 1992||Dec 28, 1993||Her Majesty The Queen As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence Of Her Majesty's Canadian Government||Optical identification friend-or-foe|
|US5299227||Apr 13, 1993||Mar 29, 1994||American


text:
Healthy soil is a major carbon pool but over 70% of African rangelands are moderately to severely degraded. Restoring these landscapes will be a potent weapon in the fight against climate change.
Rewilding landscapes through the reintroduction of native species and ecological management practices enriches biodiversity at all scales and enhances the long-term carbon storage capacity of ecosystems.
Carbon finance is a catalyst in creating inclusive nature-based economies across Africa. Rewilded lands are more resilient to environmental and economic shocks, which helps protect local communities against the impacts of climate change.
We partner with our customers from assessing a project's feasibility all the way to project accreditation and monitoring.
The Tswalu Kalahari Project is a pioneering initiative by Oppenheimer Generations Research and Conservation, supported by Rewild Capital on the carbon development side, aimed at the large-scale restoration and conservation of a section of African rangeland in South Africa. This is the first private protected area in South Africa to earn carbon credits management put in place to adapt to climate change.


Benefits of drinking hot water
Even though it appears to be ironical to note that it is harmful to take cold water to quench our thirst during hot weather, it is rather true and a fact. Many people do drink fridge water whether it is day or night as they love to do so thinking that their thirst is instantaneously satisfied. It has become a fashion too! Children and youngsters including the habitual people would rush to cold water only instead of hot water. But in reality, it is highly harmful to take cold water and it will never satisfy one's thirst at all practically.
hot water
Siddha medical practitioner Ramesh highlights the fact as to how the hot water acts as a panacea for various ailments as under:-
The renowned siddhar Therayir, in his book, 'Pini Anugha Vidhi', states very clearly the most fundamental rules that we must a) boil water; b) add water to buttermilk and c) melt the ghee before consuming them. Besides this, there are numerous verses that highlight the importance of hot water. Siddha doctor Ramesh
Similarly, in another verse, 'Padhartha Guna Chintamani, the following benefits of taking hot water, have been mentioned:-
* Removes heartburn, sour belch
* Helps in easy digestion
* Removes any kind of a headache with warm water
* Cures against fever caused by seasonable changes
* Takes care of gastric complaints
* Removes infection from the body
warm water
Other Benefits of Drinking Hot Water:-
* Constipation is cured
* Will reduce excess body weight
* Facilitates easy digestion
* Cold, cough and throat sore are treated and cured
* Increases blood circulation
* Purifies nervous system
* Stomach ache caused to women during menstruation is also addressed
* It is an anti-aging agent
* Safeguards skin against infections
* Detoxifies the body system
* Improves hair growth
* Fights against dandruff from hair
* Protects natural vitality of hair
water is good for health
In addition to the above, the same hot water gives different benefits based on the container from which we drink. According to Siddha medical practice, if we drink hot water from golden vessel, it will cure rheumatism, tastelessness, body heat and high temperature; if we take from silver vessel, the haemoglobin content in the blood will increase; if we take from steel vessel, it will cure anaemia, strengthen the nerve system and keep the body temperature stable. The boiled and then cooled water will remove hiccup, acidity, earache, vomiting, giddiness, body temperature, stomach ulcer etc. For instance, if we boil 1 lt.water until it becomes 1/4th, it will cure body heat. If it is heated until it becomes ½, it will take care of rheumatism and acidity. If we take the boiled water the next day, it will cure rheumatic pain, gastric disorder, phlegm etc.
warm water
If we drink the hot water which is boiled until it becomes 1/3rd it will reduce body heat; high temperature, dysentery, pain, gastric problem, and phlegm will also be cured. Similarly, if we take hot water which is boiled until 1 lt.water becomes 1/8th, and that too, from a silver vessel, it will reduce body heat, excessive thirst, ulcer, crack in the feet etc. Further, if we drink hot water before we take our food, it will help us become slim; if we take hot water during the course of our meal, it will control our hunger and if we take the same after our food, it will ensure proper and smooth digestion.
Is it not incredible to believe that hot water contains such innumerable properties to make us ultimately cool.
(This article originally written in Tamil by G Lakshmanan has been reproduced in English by P S Ramamurthy)
Do you like the story?
Please Appreciate the Author by clapping!


text:
For information regarding 'Iolani School's dance study in grades 7 - 12, please visit the Dance pages.
The Lower School Dance Program strives to awaken every child's passion for learning while developing coordination, rhythm, problem-solving techniques, and self-expression. The curriculum supports interdisciplinary learning and provides performance opportunities for students. All kindergarten through third grade students study dance for twenty-five to sixty minutes per week. Dance class includes an effective full brain and body warm-up called BrainDance as well as brain-compatible learning experiences.
Kindergarten through third grade students participate in conceptual dance classes specifically designed to:
1) IGNITE THE SENSES with a multi-sensory approach. Students are introduced to dance concepts by "hearing it, seeing it, saying it, and doing it."
2) PRACTICE COLLABORATION. Even our youngest learners experience leading and following, partnering, peer coaching, group work, and participation in discussions for social/emotional growth.
3) FOSTER CREATIVITY. Dancers are encouraged to develop their imagination, critical thinking skills, and problem-solving techniques through creative improvisation.
4) EXPERIENCE PURE FUN. Lessons are enhanced with musical instruments and props such as scarves, foam noodles, elastic bands, and even rubber chickens to promote laughter and to excite students' developing brains.
Interested fourth through sixth graders may enroll in Contemporary Jazz or the Lower School Halau as a performing arts elective. Dance students participate in various performances throughout the school year:
First Grade: K-1 Pumpkin Patch, First Grade Play
Second Grade: Second Grade Program
Third Grade: Mini Society Event, Spring Dance Showcase
Fourth through Sixth Grade: Fifth Grade Play, Winter Dance Showcase, May Day Program, Spring Dance Showcase


text:
Quake-damaged water and waste systems have so far withstood the freezing conditions in Christchurch.
Underground infrastructure is undergoing a rebuild following the February 2011 earthquake and concerns have been raised about what impact the freeze and thaw would have on pipes that are already cracked.
Christchurch City Council water and waste manager Mark Christison says the thaw is causing twice the volume of water to flow through the storm water network, but the treatment plant in Bromley is holding up.
The normal flow through the plant is two-and-a-half cubic metres per second. On Thursday, it peaked at five cubic metres per second.
Mr Christison says most of the water pipes and sewers are below freezing level, but the council is keeping a close eye on them.


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Hilbert's Building Blocks
Investigating space curves to construct 3-D forms
I have been interested in the area of computer generated forms, mostly
from the architectural viewpoint, for a long time. Most recently I have
been investigating fractals as a way of generating 3-D forms. Not having
a lot of luck in getting results that could suggest reasonable 3-D forms,
I moved back to some earlier work I did in 2-D with Hilbert curves, spirolaterals,
space filling curves, and recursive designs.
The image above on the left is the space filling curve designed by the
German mathematician David Hilbert. The adjacent image shows the three
line segment "generator" for the Hilbert curve. The generator is connected
to another generator by a connecting line segment. By definition, this
type of curve will always remain in a two dimensional plane.
If you break the generator into forward moves and turns, and then modify
the angle of the turn, the lines segments will cross each other. This crossing
enables the curve to trigger a move to another "level". This enables the
determination of the curve height.
Variations can be developed by using a turning angle other than 90 degrees.
Two such variations are shown below.
The second part of the this investigation is the interpretation of the
curve once it is generated. Each of the line segments and their vertices
can be interpreted in three dimensional, architectural terms:
Select one the above variations to view these interpretations individually
and in combination.
walls, each line segment is constructed as a vertical plane
floors, for each set of line segments, the minimum and maximum extends
are found and constructed into a horizontal plane
floor blocks, the horizontal floor plane is constructed into a volume
extended walls, walls are constructed from the bottom and the top,
starting at their beginning level, extending either to the bottom or top
columns, volumes are constructed at the vertices of the line segments
and the floor blocks
beams, volumes are constructed along each line segment at the wall
The more I worked with these variations and their interpretations, the
more sculptural the forms became, further studies will continue in both
the sculptural and architectural form possibilities.
The next set of forms will use spirolaterals and more generalized recursive
curves for the initial form generation.
The forms currently only exist in this digital studio. My next goal
is to generate STL files of the forms to send to a rapid prototyping system.
Another possible direction would be to rewrite the generation software
in AutoLisp for use within AutoCAD R13. This would also allow for the automation
of the rendering of each variation.
The entire idea of generating forms from specifications, have software
develop alternative interpretative forms, then going to physical models
is very intriguing; these concepts will continue to be the general direction
of this investigation.
A program written in MicroSoft QuickBASIC is used to generate all of the
three dimensional components required for a particular variation in a 3D
DXF format. The DXF file is then imported into AutoDesk 3D Studio for rendering.
No manual modeling is required.
These Web pages were constructed for use with Netscape 1.1.
The initial programs which I wrote for the two dimensional versions and
interpretations were upgraded to handle three dimensions by Amy Ferguson,
a Teaching Assistant in the College of Architecture. She also did some
exhaustive studies of the variations possible and some of the studies leading
to the renderings produced here.
For further information or comment contact: Robert
Last update: Friday, December 29, 1995
Copyright 1995 Robert J. Krawczyk All Rights Reserved


III. Firearm Information by Type
D. Rifles
2. Rifle Reviews
b. Self-Loading Rifles
12. AR-15
1. How to Build an AR-15
by Julian Macassey (_EMAIL_)
The description on headspace for the AR-15 is written by Chris J. Pikus (_EMAIL_)
 The AR-15 is the semi-auto civilian version of the military M16
battle rifle.
 Since its introduction in the nineteen-sixties, this rifle has
been issued to several armies and is still the standard issue weapon
of the U.S. Army and the U.S. Marines. It fires a round known as 5.56
mm NATO or Winchester .223.
 This rifle was originally designed by Eugene Stoner when he
worked for the Armalite Corporation in Southern California. The rifle
went in to production at Colt's facility.
 The rifle and parts for it have been produced by many
companies. During the Viet Nam era, it was even produced by the
Hydrostatic division of General Motors.
 As this is a U.S. basically a U.S. military device, parts and
documentation are freely available on the surplus market.
 The easy availability of parts and the simplicity of the gun
make it a cheap and effective rifle. The gun, in all it's various
configurations can be purchased ready made, or assembled at home with
simple tools.
 People assemble their own rifles for several reasons. Most do
it to save money. Some do it learn the mechanics of the rifle. Many do
it because they have accumulated parts at gun shows and realise they
are just a few parts short of a second rifle. Some build their own
rifle to be able assemble a custom unit that has the kind of barrel
and stock that they want.
 What follows is a list of documents and parts supplier that
will enable anyone who has some mechanical skills to assemble, repair
or replace parts on an AR-15.
 Legal Note: It is illegal for a civilian to own a full
auto or select fire M16. The AR-15 is a semi-automatic only version.
The difference between the two rifles is in the bolt, sear and safety
mechanism. As a general rule the parts sold to civilians are the
semi-auto bolt and safety. But tales have been told of M16 bolts
ending up on the surplus market.
Documents and Guides
 If you are planning to do any work on an AR-15, the best help
is the Video available from Quality Parts. It costs $20.00 and shows
techniques and tools.
 There are also manuals and guides available. Some are U.S.
military documents and some civilian books. Below is a listing and a
list of suppliers:
 From the Government there is the "Technical Manual". This
covers repair, adjustment and use of special tools. Lots of people
sell this one. Of course the Marines and the Army have different
versions of the same book. Also there are M16 A1 versions out there
as well as A2.
Here are the government numbers for this one:
U.S. Army TM 9-1005-319-23&P
U.S. Air Force TO 11W3-5-5-42
U.S. Marine Corps TM 05538C-23&P/2
"Technical Manual Unit and Direct Support Maintenance Manual
(Including Repair Parts and Special Tools List"
This is available from Sierra Supply, Quality Parts, Tapco, Lone Star
Ordinance, L.L. Baston and no doubt others.
 Note the numbers above may vary a digit or two depending on
which edition you buy. The title will remain the same though.
 There is another book, which looks like it was a cut and paste
job from a government manual.
AR-15, M16 Assault Rifle Handbook. Edited by J. David MacFarland.
Firepower Publications El Dorado AR 71730
 Another Book is "The AR-15/M16 - A Practical Guide" by Duncan
Long. Paladin Press, Boulder, Colorado.
 Below is a list of companies that should have what you need.
Lone Star _PHONE_ _PHONE_
L.L. Baston _PHONE_ _PHONE_
Sherwood International _PHONE_ _PHONE_
Quality Parts _PHONE_ _PHONE_
TAPCO _PHONE_
Sierra Supply _PHONE_
Sierra Supply has the best selection of books.
 For history etc, read: "The Black
Rifle", Jane's Infantry Weapons, and Small Arms of the World.
What To Build

 There are several variations of the AR-15. The two greatest
variations are the A1 and A2 types. The A1 has a triangular handguard
and no elevation adjustment on the rear sight. These are the guns you
will see pictures of in books about Viet Nam. The A2 version has a
round handguard and an elevation wheel on the rear sight. There are
other differences between the two guns such as stock length. But these
are the differences which can be seen from a distance. The pistol grip
is also different between the A1 and A2 versions. Reading the
books mentioned above will give more detail on the differences.
 The barrels are available in several lengths and twists. There
is also the HBAR - This is a "Heavy Barrel", which means it is less
prone to bending. The twists available are 1:7, 1:9 and 1:12. The 1:7
is the current military standard and is designed for the heavier
bullet. The 1:12 is the original twist and was designed for the 55
grain bullet. The 1:9 twist is a compromise between the two. The other
barrel option is chrome plating. Accuracy buffs will say that a plated
barrel is not as accurate as a regular steel barrel as plating is
never uniform. The advantage of chrome plating is a more rugged barrel
that is resistant to rust and wear.
 Barrel lengths available are: 10, 11.5, 14, 16, 20, 24 and 26
Inches. The legal minimum for a rifle barrel is 16 Ins, so if you buy
a barrel shorter than 16 Ins, it needs to have a long flash suppressor
brazed on to it so it meet the 16 Ins minimum required by U.S. law.
 All of these options are explained in the various catalogs of
the companies supplying parts.
 The standard stock is the nylon rifle stock with a trap door
in the butt. The other stock is the Telescoping butt stock. This stock
with a 16 Ins barrel makes a nice carbine often referred to as a
"shorty" or CAR-15.
 There is also an option on the pistol grip. Lone Star
Ordinance sells a pistol grip with a trap door. This grip is available
in A1 or A2 styles.
 Looking over the catalogues (see end of this article for a
list) will give you an idea of what you may want and what it will
cost. Then you may order the parts.
The Lower Receiver
 The part that has the serial number on it is the Lower
Receiver. This is the only part that can not be bought without
paperwork via mail or at gun shows. To purchase a lower receiver, you
need to be a Licensed firearms dealer (FFL) or carry out your
transaction via an FFL. There are some FFLs on the net. Also Shotgun
News will send you a list of FFLs if you send them a dollar and an
S.A.S.E.
 You can make as many barrel/upper receiver assemblies as you
like and swap the lower receiver between them. This can give you
several rifles. The top and bottom parts of all AR-15s will break
apart and are interchangeable.

Special Tools
 You can assemble an AR-15 with a well stocked tool box and
some patience. But to do the job well with the minimum of frustration,
you should use the special tools. You can buy your own tools or you
can borrow tools from someone who has already assembled a rifle.
Remember, if you borrow tools, you have to return them immediately.
Having someone nearby who has assembled a rifle is helpful.
 Here is a list of tools:
 Drift Punches
 Barrel Wrench (Handy for all AR-15 Owners)

 Vice Jaw Blocks (Aluminium) (You can make out wood)
 Telestock Wrench (Handy for assembling the Telestock)
 Sight Adjustment Tool (For adjusting the sights)
 Headspace Gauges (For checking Headspace)
 Sleigh Punches (No one I know sells these - make your own)

 You can buy kits from Quality Parts, Lone Star Ordinance
and others. At a minimum, you need to buy the Headspace gauges and the
barrel wrench. Everything else a well stocked workshop will have or
will be able to make. The sleigh punches are shown on the Quality
Parts video. They can be made out of brass rod with the aid of a
drill press. They are used to push in the roll pins. The AR-15 is
pretty much held together with roll pins. You can put the roll pins in
with a pair of needle nose vice grips and a small ball peen hammer.
After you have put two in the hard way, you will take a break and make
the sleigh punches. Besides the special sleigh punches, you can use
nipple punches, they will work, but are still not as good as the
sleigh punches.
 Getting the front detent pin in the lower receiver can be a
trial. This is a pin and a spring that holds the front push pin in
place. Brownells sell a special tool for this. You can use a knife
blade to do this. It is the most tricky part of the whole assembly.
 Putting together an AR-15 pretty much consists of pushing in
roll pins and inserting compressed coil springs. These are fiddly
parts that can fly across the room, only to be found when they get
eaten by pets or jam the vacuum cleaner. It is a good plan to place a
white beds


text:
Question: What is the difference between silicone compression molding and silicone injection molding?
Answer: In the compression molding process, the mixed silicone is filled into an open mold. For a core and cavity mold, the cavity side is usually filled with excess material. Once filled, the two halves are then uniformly compressed under hot platens. After a certain amount of curing time, the two halves are either manually or mechanically opened. The final part is removed after excess material is detached.
In the injection molding process, the A and B component materials are mixed from the mixing unit, and immediately travel through the cool barrel. The mixed material is then injected in a hot closed mold. After the curing and mold-open phase, the final part is removed from the mold.


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Carrollton Leader > News
Santa Fe Days brings Native American history to Carrollton: Ninth year promises to bring culture to the forefront
Photos courtesy of Santa Fe Days organizers
Chester Nez is the last surviving Navajo Code Talker who assisted the United States during World War II.
Santa Fe Days, Carrollton's largest gathering of Native Americans, is just around the corner.
The free Native American cultural event features more than 40 Native American artists and craftsman, championship plains Native American dancers, Evelio Flores' Aztec DancersMitotiliztli Yaoyollohtli, and Southern Drum-Bear Claw Singers.
The event will be held Oct. 13 from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. and Oct. 14 from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. at the square in Historic Downtown Carrollton.
The idea came in 2003, when Carrollton businessman David Oldfield was visiting New Mexico. During his trip, he met the Santa Domingo veteran craftsmen, who are predominantly jewelers. Oldfield thought the jewelry was so beautiful that he wanted to somehow bring the crafts to the city.
Enter Annette Anderson, who has been assisting in the event for the past four years. She, along with Native American community members, has been pushing for a more cultural experience, and this year is no different.
"For the past four years we have been trying to develop a cultural aspect of it so it's not just jewelry and pottery and all of the crafts," Anderson said. "Now we have Pueblos and nations from all over the United States that are represented through their crafts."
The last surviving Navajo Code Talker, Chester Nez, will be on hand to sign his book about the role the Navajo language played in World War II.
"Most of the code talkers were sent to boarding school when they were little, where they were told not to use their language and were punished for doing so," Anderson said. "Then, the United States government said they needed them to use their language to use the code, because it was the only one that had never been broken."
Anderson said the U.S. tried several other native languages during World War II, including languages native to the Choctaw, Comanche and Cherokee tribes.
Santa Fe Days has incorporated a new cultural path where children and families can learn how Native Americans influenced the food so commonly found on their tables.
"For instance, our main thing is a seed protector bag that every child is going to get," Anderson said. "We made 1,000 handmade seed bags. When they come to the children's cultural path, they will get a sample of the three sister sees - corn, beans and squash, which is an ancient agricultural method used for centuries. Then they learn about protecting our seeds and GMO seeds versus heirloom seeds."
At least 60 percent of the world's food supply is reliant on foods that were originally grown by the indigenous people of America, who cultivated more than 300 foods including Irish potatoes, which were actually first grown by Native Americans.
"We have an indigenous grocery store with all of the items grown by indigenous people and children will see them in the grocery store but won't connect with here they where the food came from," Anderson said. "We're showing them how all of this fits together. I take a mobile store with me to powwows and children will come up to me asking about a pinto been and say they have never had one. But when I tell them that those are the beans used in bean burritos from Taco Bell, they immediately connect."
In addition to the indigenous grocery store, Santa Fe Days will feature a new exhibit called "Food is Medicine."
"We show them how everyday foods that you get in the grocery store were actually used as medicine for indigenous people," Anderson said. "For example, you can take avocado pit and cut it into fourths that can be made into tea that helps with stomach troubles. We are trying to get a typical herbal cough drop and have as many of the ingredients in its plant form so kids can see how this all fits together."
A quiz will be given to adults and teenagers to see if they can identify which herb aids which ailment. But it's not all food and herbs, Anderson said, there are many other attractions this year that she hopes will bring in more people.


text:
2017, Vol.20, No.2, pp.194-198
We have solved the problem of transparent nanoparticle motion under the action of a gradient component of light pressure force in a field of periodically modulated intensity of continuous laser radiation. For different initial values of particle coordinate and speed, we have found and numerically analyzed the exact solutions of the equation of motion described by the elliptic integrals of the first kind. The simple approximate expressions for the nanoparticle trajectory are obtained as a result of series expansion of the integrand in elliptic integrals. It is shown that depending on initial conditions, two different regimes are possible – harmonic motion and translatory motion with nanoparticle localization in one of the maxima of radiation interference pattern.
Key words: light pressure, gradient forces, transparent nanoparticle, elliptic integral
Full text: Acrobat PDF (153 KB)
Copyright © Nonlinear Phenomena in Complex Systems. Last updated: July 6, 2017


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Saw Doctor's wagon
Harold Wright's mobile home and workshop
This distinctive wagon was the home and workshop of Harold Wright for more than 30 years. Wright migrated from England to Australia in 1930. During the Depression of the 1930s, national unemployment levels reached over 30 per cent and many people travelled as itinerant workers to survive.
Wright constructed this wagon as his home and workshop in 1935. For the next 34 years he travelled throughout north-west Victoria and New South Wales, promoting himself as 'The Saw Doctor'.
Wright travelled with his wife Dorothy, whom he met in Queensland, and their daughter Evelyn. The family had dogs, cats and chickens and they rarely spent more than a few days in any one place.
Wright attracted business by decorating his wagon, which he affectionately named the Road Urchin, with signs, trinkets and bright paint. He used a variety of grinding wheels and files to sharpen all manner of items, including saws, scissors, lawnmower blades, knives, and shears.
Moving with the times and the economy, Wright refurbished and enlarged the original horsedrawn wagon, fitting it onto the chassis of a truck, towing it with several different tractors and, when rising fuel costs and shortages started to bite, hitching it back onto a horse.
Wright continued to live and work in his wagon until his death in 1969. Soon after, Dorothy sold the wagon and tractor to a secondhand goods dealer in Wangaratta, Victoria. In 1977, the wagon was saved from obscurity and the scrapheap by collector Peter Herry, who recognised the remarkable vehicle that had trundled through his town during his childhood. The National Museum bought the wagon and tractor from Peter and Wyn Herry in 2002, ensuring that this extraordinary piece of history is preserved.
The 'office' side of the Saw Doctor's wagon
The 'home' side of the Saw Doctor's wagon
The cabin of the Saw Doctor's wagon
Recovering the wagon
Bringing the wagon safely to the National Museum in Canberra was a laborious process, involving many trips to Peter and Wyn Herry's farm near Wangaratta, about 400 kilometres away. Over six days, Museum staff packed and transported 3000 loose items – including hundreds of metal files – each of which were photographed, dusted, wrapped and labelled. Then the wagon, which weighed about five tonnes and was structurally unsound after decades in storage, was winched out of the Herry's barn, lifted onto a truck and driven to Canberra.
Conserving the wagon
The arrival of the dilapidated wagon and tractor at the Museum signalled the beginning of an extensive conservation project to rejuvenate and stabilise it. It took six months just to clean it, using a process of brush vacuuming and washing. Then the wagon, tractor and contents were treated to prevent further deterioration. Conservators stitched and reinforced the torn canvas awnings, stabilised and wax-coated the paintwork, and restored the tractor engine to working condition. Placing the wagon on the sub-frame seen in the photos below helped stabilise the structure and made it much easier to move around. Due to their sheer numbers, many of the loose tools and domestic items remain in storage.
Transport and treatment of the wagon and tractor
The Saw Doctor – Flash interactive
Audio and transcript of Door to store caring for your collection talk - Listen to members of the National Museum Registration team discuss the documentation, photography, uplift and transport that was needed to make the Saw Doctor's wagon a part of the Museum's collection.
The Saw Doctor's wagon is currently on show in the Hall at the National Museum of Australia.