Dogs In National Parks – Why You Can't Take Them
This is probably a question you are asking yourself frequently, we know we were for a while there. All we wanted to do was take our four-legged buddies out on an adventure with us, without being slapped with a fine. Let's face it, most of us who are wanting to take our dogs out are responsible dog owners, right?
Unfortunately, that's not the case most of the time as we've discovered and that's not the only reason why pets aren't allowed in national parks.
Irresponsible Dog Owners:
Irresponsible dog owners are probably one of the major reasons we are no longer able to take our buddies out on walks to these magical places. Most of us are happy to clean up after our friends, keep them on a leash, pack them some food and water and ensure that they don't wander away or hurt the flora and fauna, while many other owners aren't so happy to do that.
Native Animals:
Australian animals haven't really had to worry much about predators and with recent species introduced to the environment, they now have a reason to worry. Cats and dogs are killing off the native animals, even causing them to flee their homes. The smell and sight of dogs are enough to cause these native animals stress, even in some cases abandoning their young. Although your dog may be super placid, it's enough to really to cause stress to these animals.
In addition to this, native animals can also easily catch diseases and viruses that dogs carry, so it's important to limit their exposure to them as much as possible.
National Parks often set out fox baits throughout the park to try and eliminate the fox population and other introduced species. That means if your pup eats some of these baits or ate an animal that has come in contact with them, it's likely to become very fatal for your pet. So for your dog's safety, this is a key reason why they are not permitted in the parks.
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Apart from obvious injuries like your dog falling from cliffs or getting lost and dehydrated, dogs in national parks are banned over the risk of injury from native animals too. Animals such as snakes can kill within minutes and in most cases, dogs try to protect their owners so they purposefully seek out these predators.
Kangaroos can also be dangerous to a dog when threatened, not only because of their sharp claws but also because if they are near water, they can try and drown your pet if it's lured to the water.
One of the final reasons why dogs aren't permitted in national parks is health risks to your pet. Shrubbery and amongst the flora are the ideal places for ticks to hide and can easily sneak into your pups fur. Paralysis ticks can be fatal to dogs so it's important to keep an eye out if you are taking your dog out in the bush. Dogs can also burn their paws walking over hot rocks and sand in summer and may slip on rocks in some locations you choose to visit.
What's the consequence of taking my dog in a National Park?
You can be fined for taking your pet into National Parks and the fee varies depending on the location, number of animals and if the area is protected or not. The park rangers are the ones who will issue you the fines and in only certain circumstances, are animals exempt from the rule. You can read more about the rules and consequences of taking your dogs into national parks on the NSW government website.
5 thoughts on "Dogs In National Parks – Why You Can't Take Them"
 1. Simon Carter says:
 I think it's far too strict.
 I have two dogs and I don't like that all the great national parks in Australia are off limits to me
 Why can't I have them on a leash at all times?
 My dogs are my family, if i see little kids running around destroying the park, killing animals, throwing rocks at birds, destroying living trees then why can't we also ban kids from national parks, yes ALL of them because of a very small minority? Wouldn't that be an outrage!
 So why do we do it for dogs when a very tiny minority are the ones acting up?
 2. Stefan says:
 I know exactly where you are coming from Simon. I have my little dog who goes everywhere I do but because of the powers that be will not allow dogs in the national parks but quads, horses and foreign mining companies are. I think many people are discouraged to go anywhere with their companions but feral children and wild all ages parties are ok and if good minerals are found they will bend and break the rules for mining. I live on rural acreage in Queensland with a state park behind me and there are people with guns, motorbikes chewing up the roads and the 4WD muppets destroying the area most of the local wildlife ends up in the local properties, all welcomed, and my little dog walks right through them and they barely bat an eye lid. Simply the powers that be will allow any one in with enough money and will torment the average person who lives with the land. In some ways there needs to be a referendum on the laws in national parks and they need to start looking at opening this amazing land to locals.
 3. M Graham says:
 We live within a Nationa Park on the Mid North Coast. Your dogs and visitors with dogs are a threat to our Native Marsupials. Dogs barking terrorise Native Animals forcing them to flee and throw their babies. People are now ignorant as to the threats to our Native Marsupials and need to be re educated.
 Dogs do not belong anywhere near National Parks. These laws and fines need to be increased to drive home the damage these selfish people cause to others by their ignorance.
 4. A says:
 M Graham… And diesel 4WD and humans don't cause this either? Yet both are allowed in National Parks. I've seen big adolescent parties in National Parks, children screaming whilst chasing a Goanna, and that's alright somehow, with no fines, yet responsible dog owners don't even have a channel to apply for 24/48/72 hour passes?
 You're seeing the worst in dogs/owners, and your thought process is damaging to the responsible ones. Before pushing responsible dog owners down a hole, how about you start with irresponsible people without dogs first.
 It's people like you that obstruct a channel for others to establish a system allowing responsible owners to potentially book in advance, pay a fee, establish breed/age/microchip number and sign a waiver about cleaning and being on a leash. Then, people like you would be able to argue for harsher punishments for those not obeying the rules, as there'd now be a system in place to follow that could benefit responsible dog owners.
 Be open my man. Don't have a narrow mind. -A
 5. Jamie says:
 You miss the point. There is no system in which someone can take a dog into a National Park, leash or no leash that does not have an impact. Comparing one act that is bad to another act that is bad doesn't make it a better act either. The fact is the scent of a dog has implications for the wildlife. Do you understand this? A dog may also carries diseases that would otherwise not be in these areas. Additionally a dog can go with you places said 4WDs cannot which is even worse because the last refuges in which these animals can seek safety is then disturbed. I am an avid dog lover unfortunately our national parks are not for them. If we lived somewhere like Canada where there are naturally predators then it's all good although then you run the risk of having a dog attacked by said predators. Enjoy what you can of what is made available such as state forest etc and if you have any respect for nature then keep dogs out of national parks
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The Olive Thrush (Turdus olivaceus) is a bird in the Turdidae family of thrushes.
The Olive Thrush has charcoal-brown to olive-brown feathers with an orange underbelly. Its throat is sometimes speckled with white spots. Its eyes have a distinctive orange eye-ring. Its beak and its legs are orange-red.
It grows to 24 centimetres (9.5 inches) tall.
It is common in African highlands. It prefers forests and woodlands, as well as parks and gardens.
It eats insects, worms, snails, spiders, and fruit.
The female builds a cup nest in a bush or tree, and lays 1-3 eggs, which hatch after 14-15 days. Only the female sits on the eggs. The young chicks gain their flight feathers and leave the nest after about 16 days.
Location of photographs: Nairobi, Kenya
Photographer: Martina Nicolls
Martina Nicolls: SIMILAR BUT DIFFERENT IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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A Life-Saving Hotline
Ms Elena Buglova was part of the IEC team to respond to Chile's call for assistance, after a construction worker was severely burned by a lost radioactive source. The Centre is a 24-hour contact point for countries dealing with nuclear or radiological emergencies. (Photo: _URL_
Chile, 15 December 2005 -- A construction worker finds a small, shiny, metallic object at a building site in Chile. He puts it in his pocket, and later shows it to a colleague. They take it to their boss. By the end of the day, six others have examined it. By evening, the worker is in hospital, vomiting from radiation poisoning. What he'd found was a powerful, unshielded iridium-192 source. By accident, it had dislodged from equipment where it was used to check for welding flaws in the building under construction. Within days, Chile's radiation and health authorities place an urgent call for help to the IAEA in Vienna. The worker's medical condition had turned for the worse. Who can help?
This story is by no means unique. Venezuela, Thailand, US, Brazil, Georgia, Australia, in fact most countries around the world, have experienced radiological accidents involving lost, stolen, or damaged radioactive sources. Many of them contact the IAEA for specialized support and assistance, through an emergency hotline that's been built up internationally.
"We're lucky the system's in place," says Ms. Elena Buglova, a doctor who specializes in radiation protection. "A quick response can minimize danger to people and contamination of the environment."
Ms. Buglova works with the hotline -- the IAEA Incident and Emergency Centre (IEC) -- and was called in to assist Chilean authorities. The Centre has become a 24-hour contact point for notification and support to countries in dealing with nuclear or radiological emergencies, including security-related threats.
"The IEC can leverage global resources and expertise to respond to local accidents anywhere in the world," says the IEC Head, Warren Stern. "In the case in Chile we quickly had a team of top international experts coming from France, Brazil, Argentina and the IAEA on the ground," he said.
"A big part of our job is also to make sure countries are prepared for an emergency ahead of time," Mr. Stern said. Right now, many countries find it hard to handle all the safety or security problems that can arise when radiological or nuclear material is involved, he says, especially injuries demanding specialized care.
Quick Action in Chile
When Chilean authorities called on the IAEA for help, the Centre assembled and dispatched Ms. Buglova and an international team of five more experts within the day. Once in Santiago, the team reconstructed the sequence of events at the construction site to piece the puzzle together: how did the source come to be lying, unshielded, on the ground in the first place? Who might possibly have been exposed to it? What dose of radiation did they receive?
The team examined the patients and advised on the best treatment. For the construction worker who found the source, the fast assessment "helped to save his life," Ms. Buglova said. He had severe radiation burns where the source had rested in his back-pocket, and was flown to a specialized hospital in France for surgery.
Answering Chile's call for help is a key part of the IEC's work, but its raison d'être lies in the rare event of an accident at a nuclear power plant. The Centre was established in the wake of the Chernobyl accident in 1986, when winds swept radioactive materials from the burning reactor over much of Europe. In the absence of timely and verifiable information about the accident, the need for it became paramount. International conventions were drawn-up and adopted within months of the disaster. The IAEA was tasked with new responsibilities, should there ever be a transboundary release of radiation again.
Under the Convention on Early Notification of an Nuclear Accident and the Convention on Assistance in Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, the IAEA is responsible for gathering, verifying and exchanging official, real-time information among countries, relevant organisations, and the media and public when transboundary consequences might occur. An important part of the task is to provide and coordinate assistance and advice to the affected State, should it request help.
The IEC, based at the IAEA's Vienna headquarters, recently underwent a million dollar upgrade, with financial support from the United States and other countries. A large screen dominates the Centre, where the latest information on any radiation incident or emergency is beamed for all in the room to see.
In an emergency, the Centre shifts from "normal-ready" to "basic-response" to "full-response" depending on the severity of the event. It's a quick transformation into a hive of activity, as phones ring and workstations fill with IAEA specialists from across the house -- from scientists that can calculate possible radioactive fallout patterns and the implications of what a subtle change in wind direction may mean; to experts in nuclear terrorism; and engineers versed in the design and operation of nuclear power plants. Their expertise is pooled, to keep the Centre operational around the clock.
Over the years, the IEC was activated during an accident at a nuclear facility in Tokaimura, Japan (1999) and more recently during an incident at a nuclear power plant in Paks, Hungary (2005). Neither event resulted in a transboundary release of radiation, but they did make international headlines. The IAEA was called in, and fact-finding teams sent to independently assess what went wrong, and offer lessons learnt.
Each year the Centre receives on average, one to two calls for help that are severe enough to swing it to "basic-response" mode, with teams typically sent to the emergency site to assist. Thankfully its "full-response" mode has never needed to be activated. But the readiness for the unexpected, or what was once unimaginable, is the concrete of the IEC's foundations, backed by the best brains on calls from around the world. Mock drills are run to test the IEC capabilities, the most recent exercise lasted 50 hours straight, and involved over 60 countries and seven international organizations.
A good share of the IEC's work also focuses on helping IAEA Member States develop their own emergency plans, train personnel to deal with nuclear and radiation emergencies; and put into place radiation monitoring programmes, procedures and standards.
"A particular priority now is to strengthen arrangements in case of a terrorist attack using nuclear or radioactive materials," says Mr. Stern. "We're working closely with Member States to help them to develop their national response capabilities." See the Photo Essay under Story Resources for more.
-- By Kirstie Hansen, IAEA Division of Public Information

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Profiles of Ten Pilea Species (Urticaceae)
ResumenThe genus Pilea Lindley is the largest among the Urticaceae family. The large size and little commercial interest of this genus make difficult its taxonomy, with few revisions since Weddell.
Very few revisions have been reported about the Colombian species since 1939, when Killip made a contribution to the genus for the northern Andes (Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, and Venezuela). To contribute to the knowledge of the Pilea genus in Colombia, field trips were made in the department of Valle del Cauca and ten herbarium samples were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectral profiles analysis; which allowed us to identify 33 compounds type monoterpene, sesquiterpene,
diterpene, free fatty acids or their methyl, ethyl esters or amides, and triterpenes. It was concluded that Triterpenes were the best chemotaxonomical discriminants for the ten herbarium samples as ten species.
ISAZA MARTÍNEZ, José Hipólito et al. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Profiles of Ten Pilea Species (Urticaceae). Revista de Ciencias, [S.l.], v. 20, n. 2, p. 10, dic. 2016. ISSN 2248-4000. Disponible en: <_URL_ Fecha de acceso: 22 abr. 2018 doi: _URL_
Artículos de Investigación - Química
Urticaceae, Pilea, terpenoids, steroids, fatty acids, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, DPPH.


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The concept of a bi-directional language (English-Spanish) comic book focused on engineering was brought to life through a partnership with LosKitos _URL_.
This EduComic book, brings an engineering topic to life for middle school students.
Simultaneously published in English and Spanish, the EduComic Book serves as a valuable teaching tool in ESL classrooms and those looking to improve their English and/or Spanish.
Copies of the EduComic Book may be requested for a nominal fee.
Sponsors included Proctor and Gamble and General Electric. Future publications will become available pending funding.


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The space exploration community mourns the loss of a legendary figure as former NASA astronaut Thomas Stafford passed away at the age of 93. The news of his death was announced today by the Stafford Air and Space Museum in Weatherford, Oklahoma, which serves as a testament to his remarkable legacy.
Thomas Stafford, a native of Weatherford, was a pioneer in the field of space exploration, contributing significantly to NASA's early missions and the advancement of human spaceflight. Max Ary, the museum director, confirmed that Stafford died after battling an extended illness, marking the end of an era for. . .


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Giant Water Scavenger Beetle
|Geographical Range||North America|
|Scientific Name||Hydrophilus triangularis|
|Conservation Status||Not listed by IUCN|
The name says it all. This large beetle lives in water, where it scavenges vegetation and insect parts. The insect can store a supply of air within its silvery belly, much like a deep-sea diver stores air in a tank.


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By Matt Ballman, Ellen Dudzinski, Danny Livingston, Kathleen Wright
Recommended Further Reading:
Bio-electrical Impedance Analysis
Comparison of single- or multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis and spectroscopy for assessment of appendicular skeletal muscle in the elderly.
Electrical Impedance Myography: Background, Current State, and Future Directions
Multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis and bioimpedance spectroscopy for monitoring fluid and body cell mass changes after gastric bypass surgery
What Does Bioelectrical Impedance Spectroscopy (BIS) Measure?


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There are multiple definitions of the term "double spending" at play here. First, there is the actual definition of double spending: to spend the same money multiple times. A simple example of this is the coin on a string in a vending machine. You put tie a string to a coin, when you put the coin in the machine, it thinks you paid, you get whatever you want from the machine, then you use the string to pull the coin back out so that it can be spent again somewhere else.
By this definition, the exchange of goods has occurred, but the money used to pay for it is used by the payer to pay for another good later. In effect, you created multiple transactions that conflicted with each other and they are all considered to be settled (i.e. final and irreversible) in the accounting system of that money.
Then there is the definition of "double spending" in the context of Bitcoin transactions. Double spending is often used to say that there are multiple unconfirmed transactions which conflict with each other. But unconfirmed transactions are not considered to be settled, so you have conflicting unsettled transactions under this definition.
The goal of the blockchain is to resolve these conflicting unsettled transactions. It's purpose is to ensure that all transactions do not conflict with each other and to make them considered settled. So to not have double spends, you need two properties for transactions: irreversible, and non-conflicting.
The non-conflicting part is handled by nodes. Nodes validate blocks and transactions. They reject blocks if they contain transactions that conflict with other transactions in that block or in the blockchain. So the thing that prevents the conflict aspect of double spends are nodes.
The Proof of Work is what allows for the irreversible aspect. It requires that miners expend time and energy in order to create a block. In order to change the contents of a block, one must expend time and energy to create a new block which conflicts with one that already exists.
The Proof of Work is also used to resolve blockchain conflicts. If there are multiple candidate blockchains that stem from a common forking point, nodes follow the one that has the most cumulative work because that chain is the one where the most energy was expended to create.
The chain part of the blockchain creates a compounding factor so that in order to replace a block in the blockchain, you must also replace the blocks that are on top of it thus expending far more time and energy. Because there are other people mining on the original blockchain, you must also be able to mine faster than them in order for your blockchain to have more work than the original for yours to be accepted by everyone else.
Because replacing blocks requires significant time and energy expenditure, one can reasonably assume that a block and the transactions it contains will never change once multiple blocks have been mined on top of it. This gives us the irreversible aspect. This is why it is said that confirmed transactions are irreversible.
why can't we replace PoW with an automatic 10 minute block-addition based on a simple timestamp?
Because that is not decentralized. Who creates the blocks? If multiple people can create blocks like with mining, by what mechanism are ties broken? How do you resolve two different people creating different blocks? What stops someone from spoofing timestamps and replacing the blockchain with their own version?
The easiest way to resolve these is to make blocks only produced by a limited and trusted group of people. So it is now centralized. Congrats, you created Paypal, but less efficient.
The whole purpose of the Proof of Work is to allow for a decentralized system where everyone can agree on the truth without some central authority dictating what that truth is. If everyone follows the same rules, then everyone will eventually conclude on what the truth is. The use of energy expenditure in the Proof of Work prevents someone from rewriting history with different blocks because it is expensive to do so. The tie breaking of using the chain with the most work allows nodes to converge on the same blockchain. Use of the Proof of Work answers the questions I gave above without relying on a central authority.
In conclusion, the Proof of Work allows transactions to become settled and irreversible. It allows nodes to converge onto the same blockchain and makes it extremely expensive, to the point of impossible expensive, to rewrite history thus making transactions in the blockchain irreverisble. The actual ensuring that no conflicting transactions exist in the blockchain and thus actually preventing true double spends is left to the nodes that validate the blockchain.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


A group of friends are talking about how each member of their group is getting married one by one. One of the group says the following line of a still single friend who has just had a woman flirt with him:
Is the translation:
She is making amorous glances at brother but he still does not have a partner.
How do you tell when 相手 is partner or opponent?
 - 1
 The very short answer: context. But in this case, you'll want to look up "相手にする" in your favourite dictionary. Also, don't interprete "兄ちゃん" too literally. Finally, to whom is the line addressed: the still single friend? the woman who did the flirting? or to the other people in the group? – Philippe Jun 18 '17 at 3:50
 - 2
 相手にしない is a phrase, which means "to ignore", "to take no notice of", "to refuse to deal with". This 相手 isn't "someone". – Yuuichi Tam Jun 18 '17 at 5:26
 - 1
 Thanks for the comments. So would a possible meaning of the sentence be "She is making dreamy eyes at him but he is not taking notice of it anyway"? – Noob Jun 18 '17 at 7:36
 - 1
 If you means the "it" is "making dreamy eyes at him", it is wrong. "he would not take notice of her anyway" would be correct. To be exact, 相手にされない is passive form, so it would be "she would be ignored by him anyway". – Yuuichi Tam Jun 18 '17 at 8:10
相手 is neutral so it can be used to both refer to friendlies and foes. It's like saying "the other", so you'll have to rely on context.
相手にする is a set phrase, literally translated "consider as counterpart". It means people (or animals) engage with another, who is trying to engage. For example you'd say: 母犬が子犬の相手をしている, or 子犬は遊びたがっているが、母犬が相手にしない. It can also be used in an unfriendly context, e.g. 反乱軍は投石を行なったが、政府軍の装甲車は相手にもせず進軍を続ける
 - I would add that, the way I've seen it used, 相手にする implies recognizing someone as worthy, and 相手にしない implies not considering someone as worthy of even interacting with. – hasen Oct 14 '18 at 20:53
This is more of a piggyback to _USER_'s comment that 相手 isn't always a "someone". 相手にしない / 相手にしない is more of a (defiant) attitude.
So the translation would be more along the lines of:
"She's making amorous glances at him, but he's not giving in." or,
"She's making googly-eyes at him, but he's not having it."
Your Answer


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What happens beneath your feet can have a huge impact on a farm's production.
Waipukurau-based agroecologist Nicole Masters asked farmers at the Beef + Lamb annual seminar, held at Lincoln University, to spare a thought for life below.
"It may come as a surprise, but the largest limiting factor for farm productivity relies on how well we can support the life of our free underground workforce," she said.
"What we do above ground can have a huge effect on what happens below our feet.
"All soil systems contain biology.
"How much and what kind is the key to success.
"Right now under your feet you could be carrying between one Angus steer in weight per hectare to five Angus bulls, depending on your management practices. That's a considerable difference in biomass and it may mean you may have more stock underground than you do above, and the benefits they pass on are massive."
She said healthy soils had networks of fine fungal threads holding soils together to help reduce soil erosion provide phosphorus and nitrogen, and help plants to access water.


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WRITING TASK 2
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Present a written argument or case to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge.
Write about the following topic:
Nowadays, many people like to spend their free time and meet others in large shopping malls. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this trend?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
In recent times, there has been a noticeable trend of people choosing to spend their leisure time and socialize in large shopping malls. While this trend has its own set of advantages, it also comes with certain disadvantages that need to be carefully considered.
One of the main advantages of spending time in shopping malls is the wide range of activities and entertainment options available. Many malls are equipped with cinemas, restaurants, and recreational facilities, providing ample opportunities for socializing and relaxation. Additionally, shopping malls often host events and exhibitions, offering a platform for people to come together and engage in various cultural and social activities.
Furthermore, large shopping malls offer a convenient and sheltered environment for people to meet and socialize, especially in regions where outdoor activities may be limited due to weather conditions or safety concerns. This can be particularly beneficial for individuals who are looking for a safe and comfortable space to spend time with friends and family.
However, the trend of spending time in shopping malls also has its drawbacks. One of the main disadvantages is the potential for excessive consumerism and materialism. With the abundance of shops and promotional offers, people may be tempted to spend more than they can afford, leading to financial strain and debt.
Moreover, the crowded and bustling nature of shopping malls can be overwhelming for some individuals, particularly those who prefer quieter and more intimate settings for socializing. The noise and sensory stimulation in malls can also be distressing for people with sensory sensitivities or certain medical conditions.
In conclusion, while spending time in large shopping malls offers numerous opportunities for socializing and entertainment, it is important to be mindful of the potential drawbacks such as consumerism and sensory overload. Finding a balance between enjoying the amenities of shopping malls and being mindful of one's own well-being is crucial in making the most of this trend. Ultimately, individuals should consider their own preferences and limitations when choosing how to spend their leisure time.


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Researching the History of Agriculture in Vermont
You can get a good background on the general agricultural history of Vermont by reading A Short History of Vermont Barns [link] and looking at the Barn Census Powerpoint presentation (Click Here to open the presentation in a new window. If the presentation does not display correctly, Click Here to download the presentation as a PPT file. The file is large; 54 megabytes.) Barn design was influenced by local tradition, availability of materials, and the specific demands of different types of farming in different periods of history. With a little background you can decipher the clues that the building gives you. Depending on your time and interest, you can also consult the Long History of Vermont Agriculture [link] and the other publications listed in the Resources section. Doing a little reading before you look at your first barn will make it easier to understand what you are looking at, how it functioned, and when it was built. The Visual Glossary [link] and Vermont Agricultural Property Types [link] give more detailed information on the whole array of historic agricultural buildings in Vermont, from corn cribs to silos, to mink sheds and potato barns.
Researching the History of Your Community
Although the majority of your time will be spent out and about, exploring the different parts of your community while looking for barns and other agricultural structures, it is worthwhile to first spend some time researching your community's history to become familiar with the influences that shaped its agricultural past. This isn't as difficult as it sounds. Historical research is a great way to really get a feel for the way your community developed and may provide clues as to what barns (either general types or specific instances) may hold special significance in your community. Historical research can answer questions such as: What crops and livestock were common in the area? At one time were there especially large or significant farming operations nearby? If so, what were their names and locations? What ethnic groups settled and farmed the area? What influences did they have on the way different agricultural structures were designed? How did agriculture cause the community to grow and change? How did technologies (like railroads and electricity) or events (like wars or the Great Depression) change agriculture in your community?
To conduct research, a good place to start is your town library or community historical society. You may want to look for county, town, or other local histories that have been published. Also interesting are historic photograph files that may have images of older farms and newspaper clipping folders that may contain historical agricultural news of the community. Two widely available 19th century map sources, the Wallings maps and Beers atlases, include symbols that indicate properties with buildings, including owner names.
The Division for Historic Preservation has been conducting inventories of historic buildings since the early 1970's. The information for two counties – Addison and Rutlandhas been published in book form. Offprints of single town sections are available for free upon request, while supplies last. Please call _PHONE_ to request a copy of your town section (Only available for Addison and Rutland county towns; for more information see the 'Related Information' section of the website.) The Division's office in Montpelier has a Resource Room with files on over 40,000 historic buildings in Vermont, and the public is welcome to visit and use the records. Copies of those records are available on CD, and the Division is working on distributing them to libraries, starting with the larger libraries in each region. Town Clerks and local libraries often have a binder with paper copies of the records for their town.
Other sources of information can include town clerks, local historians, college and university libraries and history departments, and the Vermont Historical Society _URL_. The Vermont Landscape Images Project [link] contains an on-line archive of historic photos, organized by town. Part of the fun of historical research is playing detective – finding out who might have the type of information you're looking for and talking with them to see how their insight applies to the questions you have. Don't be afraid to be creative in where you look for information. When researching your community's agricultural history, you can't go wrong if you always keep in mind the six basic questions; who, what, when, where, why, and how.
Farmers who own or used to own the barn you are surveying will undoubtedly be the best source of specific information about the age and evolution of the structure. They may know dates of construction, how the barn was used and how it changed over time. They will often know the family history of the farm, including stories that bring the history of the barn alive.
In the Field – What You'll Need
Now that you have a better understanding of the agricultural history of your community, it's time to get out there and find some barns! A little organization at this step can make things run very smoothly, so here are some suggestions about supplies you may need and ways to conduct your piece of the census.
First, get some good road maps of the area you'll be surveying. You can contact your town office or the Agency of Transportation to see what free maps are available. You can also download maps from the Vermont Center for Geographic Information website [link]. VCGI offrs a variety of maps, including maps of town highways [link]. Plan a route that covers all the roads in the area you've chosen. Barn Census volunteers can work individually or in groups. If you are working in a group that is going to split up to divide the work, each smaller group should be assigned their own sector on the map so that it's less likely that work will be duplicated.
Next, you should gather the supplies that you'll want to bring with you. We recommend:
- Blank survey worksheets [link] (you'll need one sheet for every barn you survey, so make sure to print and bring extras!)
- A hard writing surface, like a clipboard or notebook
- A digital camera
- Letter of introduction [link] (Please open the file, fill in your name and print it out. You may want multiple copies)
- A dashboard sign [link] identifying your vehicle as participating in the Vermont Barn Census
- A copy of this manual
You may also want to bring:
- Cell Phone


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A topological space
connected or some such term) if for any two points P and Q in it there is a continuous
map f from [0, 1] such that f(x) is in the space, f(0) is P, and f(1) is Q. That is, you can actually travel continously from any point in a path-connected space to any other.
Path-connectedness is a stronger property than connectedness. A connected space is not the union of disjoint separable subsets. There exist spaces that are connected without being path-connected. An example is that formed by uniting the topologist's sine curve (q.v.) with its limit interval.


text:
Thermal Expansion and Contraction -Why It's Important
All modular trench drain systems on the market require a concrete encasement, therefore selecting a trench drain that will meet the wide assortments of conditions is critical to the performance and life span of a properly performing system. Unlike typical drainage pipe, which is buried; and at a relatively stable temperature, trench drain systems are at the surface and subject on a daily basis to wide temperature fluctuations.
ABT Inc's polymer concrete blend is specially formulated to handle the wide temperature fluctuations that are often associated with surface conditions during a daily and seasonal cycle.
HDPE has a lower modulus of elasticity and higher coefficient of thermal expansion than other trench drain materials. These properties cause HDPE trench drains to expand and contract much more from changes in temperature than other trench drain materials. Because of HDPE thermoplastic polymeric nature,its performance is significantly related to its operating temperature.
Because the thermal expansion coefficient of HDPE is approximately 10-15 times that of the steel and concrete it is surrounded by, when exposed to extreme temperature changes, HDPE will experience undesirable structural movements.
Thermal Load in a typical Civil Environment
Daily Temperature Variance in a 24 hr period
50°F to 90°F = 40°F Change
Seasonal Temperature variance in a 12 month period
20°F to 110°F = 90°F Change


text:
Ask Me: Madera County gold mining town was named for pioneer
Question: What is the history of the town of Hildreth in Madera County?
– Neil Simpson, Fresno
Answer: Hildreth, about 35 miles east of Madera, took its name from a pioneer family that came to California by wagon train in the 1850s.
According to "Madera" by Charles W. Clough, Jesse Hildreth established one of the county's largest early sheep herds in 1853.
In 1860, Emphrey Hildreth bought the Wideawake Ranch on the Millerton-Stockton road where it crossed a creek later named for the family.
The foothill mining town of Hildreth began in the late 1870s when Tom Hildreth opened a store to serve area gold miners, according to Clough.
Hildreth grew quickly and soon had two hotels, three general stores, about nine saloons, a millinery shop, a barber shop and other small businesses. A post office operated at Hildreth from 1886 to 1896.
Children from Hildreth attended the Hanover School, named for one of the area's mines, about a half-mile northeast of town.
By the 1880s, there were nine gold mines operating around the town, including the Hildreth mine, which produced about $100,000 in gold before it closed in the 1890s.
Nearly 5,000 people lived in Hildreth at its peak, but the town eventually was abandoned after the mine shut down.
The school building was later moved and can be seen from Road 210, also called Hildreth Road, near O'Neals.
Q: How did Temperance Avenue get its name?
– Bob and Carol Turner, Clovis
A: Temperance Avenue took its name from the Temperance Colony started by Moses Church, who developed Fresno County's canal system in the 1800s.
Church formed the colony in what is now the Sunnyside area of Fresno in 1877. He divided it into 32 parcels and put in a series of irrigation canals.
A devout Seventh-day Adventist who disapproved of drinking and smoking, Church named the colony "Temperance" because he would sell the 20-acre parcels only to buyers who pledged not to smoke or to make or sell intoxicating spirits. Despite the restrictions, Church sold all the parcels by the next year.
More on the Kearney peacocks
After the answer to a question about peacocks at Kearney Park ran on Dec. 12, Mimi English-Koch of Vashon Island, Wash., emailed more information about peacocks still found in the area.
"The birds are from a flock I started raising in the early 1980s when I lived on Cornelia Avenue between Church and Jensen," she wrote. "I started with two small chicks and by 1998 I had about 75 peacocks on my property, where they roamed freely."
English-Koch said she got the chicks from a family living south of Fresno.
Over the years, the flock has been thinned by predators, including coyotes and a pair of red-tailed hawks that prey on chicks, wrote English-Koch, who moved to Washington in 2005.
But several peacocks still roam freely on the five-acre property. "They truly are amazing birds and very intelligent. Many of them would come to me when I gave a special call," she wrote.
By Paula Lloyd


Manage sensor string growth
You can mitigate the impact that question results have on Tanium Server memory and disk usage by setting age limits on the answer strings that the server stores for individual sensors.
To configure sensors so that they generate fewer unique strings and therefore consume less memory and disk space, see the KB article: Best practices for writing sensors.
The Tanium Server stores strings in the <Tanium_Server>/strings folder and loads the strings into memory (the string cache) when it uses them. To prevent string growth from consuming too much space, the server clears a portion of the strings for all sensors when the total strings exceed a default threshold. However, the default string-cleaning settings do not distinguish among sensors in terms of how likely they are to generate strings that are unique and that are used only once. This matters because unique strings consume more space and clearing single-use strings has less impact on server processing and traffic (the Tanium Server does not have to reissue questions to regenerate the strings for future use). For example, the Detect Primary Alerts sensor often generates many unique, single-use strings. To account for these factors, Tanium Server 7.3._PHONE_ or later enables you to use the Tanium Console to configure string cleaning for individual sensors based on a Maximum String Age. The server bases string ages on when it last used the strings or received them from Tanium Clients and discards strings that exceed the maximum.
The following procedure describes how to determine which sensors are producing the most string growth and to set the Maximum String Age for those sensors. For most sensors that require a limit, use the default maximum of seven days as a best practice. Setting a lower maximum is required only in rare cases, such as for sensors that produce results containing date or time stamps. The best practice is to avoid including date and time stamps in string results when writing a sensor, because they tend to result in unusually large string growth. However, if such sensors are necessary, you can set the maximum as low as one day for sensors that use date stamps and as low as six hours for sensors that use time stamps. Consult a Tanium Technical Account Manager (TAM) if you are considering setting the Maximum String Age to lower than six hours; only exceptional cases require such limits.
Before you begin
Install the Tanium™ Health Check module if it is not already installed. For details, see Tanium Health Check User Guide: Installing Health Check.
Configure string cleaning based on string age
 1. Access the Tanium Console and go to Tanium Services > Health Check.
 2. Under Manual Report Generation, click Run TPAN Report Now.
 3. Under Reports click the HTML link for the Full Report that you just ran.
 4. At the top of the report, select Environmental Details > String Details.
 5. Review the grids that list the top sensors by string count and memory usage to determine which sensors produce the most string growth.
 6. TPAN string details
 7. Return to the Tanium Console and go to Content > Sensors. Perform the remaining steps for each sensor that you determine requires a string age limit.
 8. Select the sensor and click Edit.
 9. Enable and set the Max String Age.
 For almost all sensors, setting the Max String Age will reduce string growth to a manageable level and setting the Max Strings (string count limit) is unnecessary. In extreme cases that might require a string count limit for individual sensors, consult your TAM before setting the Max Strings.
 10. Save your changes.
 11. Over the next two days, repeat the steps to run a TPAN report and verify that string counts and memory usage are reduced as expected for the sensors that have string limits. If necessary, set a lower Max String Age for sensors that still produce too much string growth.


text:
Here is picture of plant morphology:
Update: For the YouTube video tutorial of this trick on learning plant morphology click here: _URL_
Let's Start With Remembering the Root
- Root - Primary root, Secondary root
It's fairly easy to remember that 'Root' has only two subtypes from the 2 'o's in the word. Primary and Secondary are easy as remembering 1 and 2.
- Shoot - Stem, Branches, Leaves, Flowers and Fruits.
The possible difficulty in memorizing 'Shoot' is that you might not realize if you've written all the parts. To verify if you have written all the parts in shoot you can simply count the number of letters in the word'shoot'
- Number of letters in the word 'Shoot' : 5. So you know how many parts are present in the Shoot
So shoot has 5 parts. And since in morphology the'shoot' starts with the letter 'S'. You can quickly remember the first part is "Stem". ( Click here for the trick to memorize the memorize the Morphology of Plants - Stem )
- 'Shoot' starts with letter 'S'. So you know you have to begin with 'Stem'
- The letter 'h' looks like 'b'. So you can quickly think about 'branches'.
The fruit, flower and leaves are obviously very easy to recollect since these are the first things that come to your mind if you want to draw a plant. Additionally, you can always know how many items are remaining in your list by counting the number of letters in 'Shoot' (that's 5). There you go, now you've easly learned to remember flowering plant morphology!


Eastern Region (Iceland)
Eastern Region (Icelandic: Austurland) is a region in eastern Iceland. Its area is 22,721 square kilometres (8,773 sq mi) and in 2020 its population was 13,173. The Eastern Regions has a jagged coastline of fjords, referred to as the Eastfjords (Austfirðir).
Eastern Region
The Austurland area
The Austurland area
 - Total22,721 km2 (8,773 sq mi)
 - Total13,173
 - Density0.6/km2 (2/sq mi)
The largest town in the region is Egilsstaðir, with a population of 2,300. The oldest municipality is Djúpivogur, which got their trading licence in 1589, had a population of 470 in 2015.
The only car and passenger ferry that sails between Iceland and the European continent calls at Seyðisfjörður once a week in the summer months and intermittently the rest of the year.
The region is home to the Kárahnjúkar Hydropower Plant. Among notable tourist destinations are the Helgustaðir mine, which is known for its Iceland spar, and Stuðlagil.
See alsoEdit
External linksEdit


How to Effectively Clean a Rubber Gym Floor?
A rubber gym floor must get regular cleaning and maintenance to keep it clean and free from disease-causing germs. Cleaning should be easy but there are dos and don'ts when doing this.
So, the question is how do you clean a rubber floor? it's easy when you know-how.
Firstly it's essential to have the right cleaning materials for rubber tiles and mats. Simply a brush, mop or sponge is perfect.
Its also important to use the best cleaning products such as our homemade vinegar solution, which has all the ingredients below.
how do you clean a rubber gym floor
How Do You Clean a Rubber Gym Floor?
The goal is to remove dirt and stubborn stains on the rubber floor to create an inviting atmosphere for whole-body workouts and simple exercises. Of course, cleaning also means discouraging bacteria growth.
The fitness experts over at Simple Fitness Hub recommend fitness professionals to teach their clients how to prevent the spread of germs and bacteria on gym equipment.
That being said, use the following steps and materials you can use when cleaning a rubber floor.
cleaning a gym floor
Image Source –
Cleaning Materials for Rubber Tiles and Mats
Often, it only takes simple sweeping and mopping to remove stains on the rubber. However, it is best to set at least a weekly schedule for deep cleaning. You will only need some or all of the following supplies depending on how dirty the rubber mats are.
 - broom or vacuum
 - sponge or nylon mop
 - rag
 - bucket
 - soft-bristled brush
 - vinegar
 - floor cleaning solution with neutral pH or dish soap
Note: Use only cleaning agents that do not contain turpentine or acetone. These chemicals can leave permanent damage on your rubber flooring. Use vinegar in small amounts because it is acidic which can damage the rubber.
Cleaning Dirt and Stains on Rubber Gym Flooring
For larger areas, using a commercial scrubbing machine may be used. But regardless of the size of the rubber flooring, you can still do manual cleaning with the following steps.
 1. Sweep the flooring to remove loose dirt, hair, and other particles. Make sure to use a vacuum with soft rollers for cleaning, such as those used in carpets.
 2. Use a wooden or plastic scraper to get rid of buildup on the floor, such as mud and bubble gum. Do this gently to avoid damaging the rubber.
 3. You can use a ¼ cup floor cleaner or mild dish soap to every bucket of water as a cleaning solution.
 4. Mop the rubber floor to remove dirt. You may need to repeat the mopping or scrub with a soft-bristled brush or sponge when cleaning high-traffic areas as these usually are the dirtiest.
 5. Replace murky water solution every time. Washing with dirty water will do more harm than good. This will increase the possibility of dirt buildup.
 6. Remove excess water.
 7. Allow the rubber floor tile to dry completely before using it again.
Using Vinegar to Clean a Rubber Gym Floor
Vinegar is a natural cleaning ingredient that you can use on rubber floor tiles. The vinegar naturally contains acid which melts down stains. There are different kinds of vinegar but for cleaning, you can only use distilled white or apple cider. Here's how to make a vinegar cleaning solution.
Things You'll Need
 - apple cider or distilled white vinegar
 - water
 - essential oils
Instructions for Making Vinegar Cleaning Solution
 1. Combine 1 part vinegar to 10 parts water. Do not use too much vinegar as this can also take a toll on the integrity of the rubber floor.
 2. Add essential oil into the solution to reduce the vinegar smell. Use tea tree, lavender, or thyme when using the white vinegar, or melaleuca, or eucalyptus for apple cider.
 3. Transfer the liquid into a spray bottle, or damp cloth with the vinegar-water solution.
 4. Spray or wipe the solution directly on the dirty rubber gym floor.
 5. Allow the floor to dry.
Benefits of Using Vinegar-Water Solution for Cleaning Rubber
Using the vinegar and water solution to clean rubber mats and tiles is cheaper than store-bought floor cleaners. Also, vinegar is all-natural and contains acetic acid which is very effective in breaking down mineral deposits, grime, dirt, and grease. What's more is that it kills bacteria, too.
Frequently Asked Questions on Cleaning a Rubber Floor Gym
There is a lot of confusion when it comes to rubber gym floor cleaning. Rubber can be sensitive when it comes to pressure and chemicals.
Can You Use Bleach On Rubber Flooring?
Unfortunately, you can't use bleach when cleaning rubber flooring. Bleach is too strong that it can wear out rubber at a faster rate. When used often, bleach will make the rubber material brittle.
How Do I Get The Rubber Smell Out Of My Gym Floor?
You can use a floor cleaner with a neutral pH or take the rubber mats outside for sunning to get the rubber smell out of your gym floor. Some brands really do have a stronger rubber smell than the others, so remember to consider that. Make sure the room with rubber mats gets good ventilation.
How Often Should Gym Floors Be Refinished?
There is no specific time when to refinish rubber gym floors. How often should gym floors be refinished would usually depend on how often they're used. Chipping and cracking usually signal it is time to resurface a rubber gym floor.
Can You Burnish A Gym Floor?
Unfortunately, you can't burnish a rubber gym floor using high-speed burnishers. Burnishing a gym floor with these will cause surface damage, especially when you don't use soft floor polishing brushes. Only use a machine that can operate less than 350 revolutions per minute.
Can You Steam Rubber Floor Tiles?
Yes, you can use steam on rubber floor tiles. In fact, steam cleaning does not just clean, it sanitizes the rubber gym floor, too. It is also better than regular mopping because it dries more quickly reducing water spot damage.
You should schedule light cleaning on a daily basis but periodic deep cleaning is also important. Remove dirt, stains, and buildup on the rubber gym floor with basic home supplies as dish soap, water, vinegar, and mop. Burnishing and steam cleaning are also helpful in maintaining clean rubber flooring.
Last Updated on March 19, 2021 by Gemma Tyler Protection Status


text:
At the time of the 2011 Census there were 10 Districts in Birmingham (parliamentary constituencies) with an average population size of 107,300.
- Districts range in size from 95,000 in Sutton Coldfield to 127,000 in Ladywood.
- Hall Green and Hodge Hill are the most densely populated, with 59 people per hectare, compared with 17 people per hectare in Sutton Coldfield.
- Hodge Hill and Hall Green are the only Districts that have a greater household size that the Birmingham average of 2.56 persons per household.
- 20% of people living in Sutton Coldfield are pensioners, compared with 7% in Ladywood.
- There were four Districts where the number of people who said they belonged to an ethnic group other than White was above the city average of 46.9%. They were, Hall Green (69.5%), Hodge Hill (66.9%), Ladywood (78.7%) and Perry Barr (65.2%).
- Over half (52.1%) of residents living in Hodge Hill said they were Muslim.
See the documents below for more details.
For more information about the characteristics of the population, such as ethnic group or health, please see our Census pages.
Last Updated : 27th March 2013


How to connect TimeCamp to R
Discover how to get data from TimeCamp (and from other sources) into R by locating it into your data warehouse that is connected to R.
Load your TimeCamp data into your central data warehouse to analyze it with R.
To analyze TimeCamp data with R, Pipes provides you with fast and easy access to all your data by automatically loading it in your data warehouse. Always up-top-date, no performance issues, without writing a single line of code.
1
Connect your data warehouse
It will be the central database for your TimeCamp data. Pipes supports the most popular relational data warehouses in the cloud and on-premises.
2
Connect to TimeCamp
You just need to enter the associated credentials to allow Pipes access to the TimeCamp API.
3
Create a data pipeline
Create a pipeline from TimeCamp to your central data warehouse. The pipeline will run automatically on your defined schedule, so you will always have fresh data available.
4
Access your TimeCamp data with R
Connect R to your data warehouse. You will see your TimeCamp data there in form of standardized tables. Now you can analyze your data without performance issues!
About TimeCamp
TimeCamp is a web app to track the activities of computer users and is intended for either freelancers or teams. The tool is a time recording software for accounting the work of employees based on an hourly rate, measuring work effectiveness and project management.
About R
R is a software environment and programming language supported by the R Foundation for statistical computing and for statistical graphics and computing. Data miners and statisticians use the language R for developing statistical software. Source code for the R software environment is primarily written in Fortran, C, and R.
Your benefits with Pipes
Get central access to all your data
Access data from 200+ data sources with our ready-to-use connectors and replicate it to your central data warehouse.
Automate your data workflows
Stop manually extracting data and automate your data integration without any coding. We maintain all pipelines for you and cover all API changes!
Enable data-driven decision-making
Empower everyone in your company with consistent and standardized data, automate data delivery and measure KPIs across different systems.


Understanding and Mastering the Cockpit Drill
Table of Contents
Manual-Driving-Instructor-In-Coventry
The cockpit drill is one of the most important concepts that the driver of any vehicle, whether an LTV or HTV, has to know and practice. This might be one of the first things that you learn in a driving school. However, now we are going to discuss this in great so that you are already familiar with the concept even before joining a driving school.
This drill has to be performed every time you sit in the driving seat of your car. Initially, it might take more effort, but as you become accustomed to it, this process will take no more than just a few seconds, with you performing it at a subconscious level. The cockpit drill is also referred to as DSSSM in driving, standing for doors, seat, seatbelt, steering wheel, and mirrors. Let's discuss every element of this drill individually.
Doors
The first thing that you have to do when you sit inside your car, or any other car for that matter, is to check if the doors have been securely closed. There are a few methods of knowing this.
 1. You can go for the haptics method, where you give your door a firm tug. If the door does not move, then rest assured the door has locked itself safely in position.
 2. If you have other passengers travelling with you, you can ask them to check their doors themselves.
 3. Otherwise, you can check all the doors of the car using the visual method, where you observe all the doors using the side mirrors of the car and see if they are in line with the rest of the car. If they are so, then there will be no cause for alarm.
 4. Alternatively, if it is safe for you to exit the vehicle, you might even check each door in person by getting out.
Modern cars have the feature that if any of the doors, bonnet, or boot are open, a signal lights up in the instrument panel of the car. Cars that do not come with this light signal do make beeping sounds when one of the doors is open.
Seat
You, as the driver of your car, have to be seated in such a manner that you are not uncomfortable. Otherwise, long driving times may cause back fatigue, quite often resulting in injury. A comfortable seating position means that you can turn the steering wheel and reach all the driving pedals without having to stretch yourself.
Now that we have discussed the significance of a good seating position, we now discuss how to achieve it.
 1. One thing to keep in mind is that your face or legs are not very close to the steering wheel, as that could prove to be a hazard.
 2. You should position your hip in a way that with the clutch fully depressed, there is a slight bend on your knee.
 3. Your back should be positioned so that, when holding the steering wheel, there is a slight bend on your elbow.
 4. If your car has an adjustable head restraint, adjust it at a level where its vertical centre is at the same level as the top of your ears, and the restraint is at an inch's distance from the back of your head when driving.
Driving Instructors in Coventry
Seatbelt
Once you are assured that all the doors, bonnet, and boot are properly shut and are seated perfectly, then you fasten your seatbelt. You put on your seatbelt in a way that:
 1. It isn't too loose nor too tight so as to cause discomfort.
 2. There shouldn't be any twist in the seatbelt, either.
 3. If your car comes with a seatbelt height adjustment, then you should adjust its height to about 2-3 centimetres above your right shoulder.
According to the traffic law, you are required to have your seatbelt on at all times, except for the situation when you are driving in reverse since a seatbelt hinders the best possible view of the rear of the car.
The possession of a medical exemption certificate can also waive your liability to fasten a seatbelt. Furthermore, in the case that you have passengers present with you in the vehicle who are under the age of 14, it will be your responsibility to make sure that they are all wearing a seatbelt.
Steering Wheel
Almost every modern car sports a steering wheel, which comes with a level adjustment. Adjusting your wheel to an angle and height that aligns with your comfort level allows for better driving experiences.
However, here are some things that should be remembered:
 1. You will be driving with both of your hands, with your left hand on the 10 o'clock of the wheel and your right hand on the 2 o'clock.
 2. Your hands have to be at a height level that is just a little below the shoulders.
 3. The steering wheel or your hands should not block your view of the instrument panel.
Mirrors
The mirrors play a significant role in a driving situation. These are there to provide the driver with a 360-degree view of his vehicle so that if the situation ever arises, he can apply emergency breaks or make a correcting manoeuvre to get out of any potential driving incident.
Mostly, cars tend to have three mirrors, two placed on either side of the vehicle and one inside facing the rear window. When adjusting any of the mirrors, the driver should be in his usual driving position. Otherwise, the view can change drastically with a change in position.
 1. For the rear-view mirror, it should be adjusted, using the left hand, at an angle that provides the best view of the rear window.
 2. As for the side mirrors, they should show just a small part of the side of the car, and the intersection of the road and the sky should be kept at the vertical centre of the mirror.
Handbrake
Although this is not part of the DSSSM acronym, the handbrake should also be monitored whenever the driver is seated in the car. Locking the handbrake in place ensures that there will be no unintentional or unexpected movement of the car.
It's a Wrap!
DSSSM in driving is a safety protocol that every driver should follow every time he sits in his car. Initially, the driving cockpit drill might feel like tedious work. However, as the driver familiarises himself with every element of it, he starts performing it automatically without much conscious effort.
Are you looking to join a driving school? Guidelines Driving School is an option worth considering. Our driving instructors and advisors have great experience in the field and would impart the best knowledge.
Fill up the form to get in touch with us
Contact our friendly staff or call us any time.


procedure.
Comparing the skeleton to the tensor product grid required to approximate $\tilde{f}$ to machine precision, we see that $\tilde{f}$ is numerically of low rank, so Diskfun is effectively compressing the representation. The clustering of sample points near the center and the edges of the disk can be observed in the tensor product grid; low rank methods alleviate this issue in many instances.
plot(f, '.-', MS, 10, LW, 0.3), axis off
title('Low rank function samples', FS, 16), snapnow
[ m, n ] = length(f);
r = chebpts(m);
r = r((m+1)/2: m);
[ tt, rr ] = meshgrid( linspace(-pi, pi, n), r );
XX = rr.*cos(tt);
YY = rr.*sin(tt);
clf, plot(XX, YY, 'k', LW, 0.1)
hold on
plot(XX', YY', 'k', LW, 0.1)
view(2), axis square, axis off
title('Tensor product function samples', FS, 16)
Writing the approximant as in (\ref{eq:lra}) allows us to work with it as a continuous analogue of a matrix factorization. Then, the "column" (radial) slices of $f$ are the collection of Chebyshev interpolants $c_j(\rho)$, and the "row" slices are the trigonometric interpolants $r_j(\theta)$. These can be plotted; doing so we observe that each column is either even or odd, and each row is either $\pi$-periodic or $\pi$-antiperiodic. This is reflective of the BMC structure inherent to the approximant.
title('5 of the 26 column slices of f'), snapnow
title('5 of the 26 row slices of f')
In practice, several basis choices can be used for approximation on the disk (see [Boyd & Yu, 2011]). Diskfun uses the Chebyshev--Fourier basis, and f is fully characterized by its Chebyshev and Fourier coefficients. The command plotcoeffs lets us inspect these details.
[Boyd & Yu, 2011] J.P. Boyd, and F. Yu, Comparing seven spectral methods for interpolation and for solving the Poisson equation in a disk: Zernike polynomials, Logan & Shepp ridge polynomials, Chebyshev & Fourier series, cylindrical Robert functions, Bessel & Fourier expansions, square-to-disk conformal mapping and radial basis functions, J. Comp. Physics, 230.4 (2011), pp. _PHONE_.
[Churchill & Brown, 1978] R.V. Churchill, and J.W. Brown, Fourier Series and Boundary Value Problems, McGraw-Hill, 1978.
[Fornberg 1998] B. Fornberg, A Practical Guide to Pseudospectral Methods, Cambridge University Press, 1998.
[Townsend, Wilber & Wright, 2016] A. Townsend, H. Wilber, and G.B. Wright, Computing with functions in spherical and polar geometries I. The sphere, SIAM J. Sci. Comp., 38-4 (2016), C403-C425.
[Wilber, Townsend & Wright, 2016b] A. Townsend, H. Wilber, and G.B. Wright, Computing with functions in spherical and polar geometries II. The disk, SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 39-3 (2017), C238-C262.
[Trefethen, 2000] L. N. Trefethen, Spectral Methods in MATLAB, SIAM, 2000.


filmora go
Easy-to-Use Video Editing App
Download on the App Store
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The best game recorder for you to capture and edit popular gameplay.
 - 15-120 FPS to choose from
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 - GPU acceleration is available
How to Change Text Style in Discord
author avatar
Apr 07, 2021• Proven solutions
Discord is a brand name that many people have heard about, and this instant messaging and content distribution service is rapidly gaining popularity among many groups of users. A unique feature of this platform is that it facilitates community-based communication, where users who share certain interests can form their own private chats that are known as servers.
While its user interface is quite simple, Discord allows users to deploy a variety of advanced communication tools, from textual content to audio and video streams. It's natural that users want to express their thoughts creatively, so there is a lot of genuine interest in learning how to change the visual look of the messages through the use of basic text formatting. In this article, we will discuss how to change text style in Discord and provide detailed instructions for activating various options, such as using bold or italic letters or underlining a part of the text.
Let's start with the software module that makes it all possible.
Part 1: How Does Discord Text Engine Work?
Beneath the surface, Discord runs on a powerful engine called Markdown, which regulates how text is displayed on the pages visible to users. It's an application of markup language that completely depends on textual symbols as commands, making it quite simple for users who are not skilled at advanced programming to alter the look of the text.
Basically, Markdown allows you to enter a few symbols and it will interpret them as commands for changing the text style, for example bolding or underlying certain word or sentence. For highlighting blocks of text, there is a specific library named Highlight.js that allows simple text marking for stylistic emphasis.
This approach is very practical and easy to learn, so long-time users of Discord are able to change text style as they type without thinking too much about it. Really, it's all about following a couple of simple rules and knowing the most important combinations of characters (tags).
Part 2: How to Change Text Style in Discord with Markdown?
As we mentioned previously, Markdown is completely text-based and has a very simple syntax. All you need to do to apply special formatting to your text is to enter a few special characters at the right places, and the appropriate effect (bold, italic…) will appear in the chat. Keep in mind that you can easily combine the formatting styles by using multiple commands at the same time.
Here is an overview of the most important options for changing text style in Discord, and you can preview the text style in real time before sending to friends:
Change Text Style in Discord - Basic
How to Bold Text in Discord?
A simple way to use bold text style is to add two asterisks (**) at the beginning and the end of the text that you want to have this effect.
How to Italicize in Discord?
Italicized style of text will be displayed in the chat if you put one asterisk character (*) before and one more after the selected text.
How to Write Strikethrough and Make Discord Cross Out Text?
In order to get a strikethrough effect on your text, you will have to type two tilde characters (~~) on either side of the section of text that you want to change, and then you will create an appearance of a crossed-out portion of text.
How to Make Discord Underline Text?
Underline effect is also available on Discord and equally simple to activate. Just type two underscore dashes (__)at the start and the ending of the text selection to apply it.
How to Combine Text Formatting Options in Discord?
Once you mastered the basic effects and know the commands without thinking, it's time to consider more complex text transformations that combine more than one effect. In principle, Markdown lets you do this just as easily, for as long as you know all the right combinations of characters that produce the desired effect. Here are the detailed instructions for some of the most frequently utilized combos:
Underlined and Italicized text
For this elegant combination, use two underscore dashes (__) followed by one asterisk (*) before and after the selected text.
Discord Underlined and Italicized text
Underlined and Bolded text
Put two underscore dashes (__) and add two asterisk characters (**) to both sides of the selection to get those two effects together.
Discord Underlined and Bolded text
Underlined, Italicized, and Bolded text
This combination is achieved by placing two underscore marks (__) and three straight asterisks (***) at the beginning as well as the end of the text.
Discord Underlined & Italicized Bolded text
Bolded, Italicized, underlined, and crossed out text
You can combine all four style changes as well – just use two tildes (~~), two underscores (__) and three asterisks (***) on either side of your text.
Discord Underlined & Italicized Bolded crossed out text
Part 3: How to Use Code Block for Discord Text Formatting?
In addition to simple font transformations, Discord allows users to engage in advanced text formatting with incredible ease. One way to do it is to deploy code blocks, which can be activated with the backtick character ( ' ) placed on the beginning and the end of a text section. This command will highlight the chosen part of the text while preserving blank space around it for extra emphasis of your message. However, if you use three consecutive ( ' ) signs before a block of text and separate the text into several lines by pressing enter, the result will be a series of highlighted lines that form a single code block. This option is simple enough that even beginners with no programming abilities can easily learn how to use it, and it has some practical applications that savvy Discord users are very fond of.
Part 4: How to Change the Text Color in Discord Message?
It's not possible to alter the default text color from the native user interface in Discord. However, there is a simple solution to this problem that involves the scrip mentioned earlier in the article. This Javascript-based library can transform the normal text into a code block consisting of three lines, where the middle line would be your selection of text in an alternative color. This is a neat workaround that's very simple to activate using the same kind of text-based commands described above.
To execute this smart trick, you should create a simple, three-line block. In the top line, you need to put three backtick characters ("') along with a code phrase corresponding to the text color you would like to use. In the second line, you should type your entire text normally, while the bottom line should include three more backticks. You can create new lines by pressing the Shift and Enter keys at the same time.
Here is a detailed video tutorial for creating customized text in a range of different colors with all the relevant code phrases.
FAQs About Discord Text Formatting
 1. What is the default Discord font?
Discord uses the same basic font all over the entire platform, including all chats between users and in your profile info. This is Uni sans font, which is quite simple and belongs to the sans serif family of fonts that are known for good readability on almost any background.
 1. How do you get different fonts on Discord?
It's not possible to change the font directly from the Discord app, but this limitation can be circumvented if you find a good Discord font generator on the internet. Those are very easy to use, so you can simply type your text in a chosen font and copy it back into Discord already formatted.
 1. How to make a hidden text in Discord?
The creation of a hidden text message that requires direct user action to reveal is possible in Discord and requires a so-called spoiler tag. If you precede your message with the text /spoiler or type two slash bars ( //) at either side, it will be hidden from other users except for those who decide to view it and indicate their desire by clicking or tapping on it. Messages of this kind appear highlighted with gray background in the message stream on a Discord chat.
author avatar
Richard Bennett


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The resulting measurement framework will provide evidence for product emission limits and support future regulation.
New normative methods and apparatus will give rise to new services, while standards for mass-market goods will help ensure reliable operation of products, protect the grid, help develop smart grids, and prevent renewable energy operational issues.
Award winning paper
A paper describing the work of this EMPIR project has won a best paper award at the CIRED 2021 conference in September. CIRED is the premier international conference for the electricity distribution industry and is widely attended by industry engineers and academics. The award was won by project partner Victor Khokhlov of the Technische Universitaet Dresden for his work leading this collaborative paper Application of measurement methods for the frequency range 2-150 kHz to long-term measurements in public low voltage networks.
The citation for the award reads 'Application of measurement methods for the frequency range 2-150 kHz to long-term measurements in public low voltage networks' (paper 438) receives the best young academic paper award. The paper deals with a very actual topic, building a bridge between systematic scientific research and practical application. It has provided highly valuable input to be included in the next edition of IEC 61000-4-30.' Work described in the paper is the central theme and objective of this EMPIR normative project.
'The award is a recognition of the importance of this new interference threat to stable grid operation as more low carbon technologies are connected. It shows that the SupraEMI project is directly addressing the needs of network operators in combating these issues in their electricity networks'.
This EMPIR project is co-funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and the EMPIR Participating States.


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Towards a social-ecological resilience framework for coastal planning
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
It is increasingly recognised that designing and implementing adaptive land management and development policies for the coastal zone requires an interdisciplinary and integrated approach. Yet, integrative thinking and action often remain problematic due to the competing interests and ambitions involved in coastal zone planning and management and the legacy of established development on the coast. This paper presents a developmental timeline to critically consider institutional responses to coastal development and seeks to locate contemporary challenges, such as climate change, in the context of a new environmental determinism. The argument is put forward that securing a shared understanding of development conditions and risks needs to be predicated on creating more robust conditions for interaction and fostering a sounder appreciation of the inter-dependencies of natural processes and governance. The concept of resilience is critically explored in order to consider a normative analytical framework for facilitating social learning and developing a reciprocal understanding of social-ecological dynamics that offers a spectrum of resilience options. This is illustrated in the context of coastal geomorphological processes and Process-Defined Management Units. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.


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parotid gland capsule and injuring the branches of the facial nerve. If a short needle is used in a patient with a big sized mandible, there may be a fracture of the needle when it is completely introduced in the oral tissues .
There are significant differences in the localization of mandibular foramen in different ethnic groups. Prado et al. in his study on adult black Zimbabweans has reported that the mandibular foramen lie 2.56 mm behind the midpoint of the ramus width on the right side and 2.08 mm behind the midpoint of the ramus width on the left side. The mean distance from anterior border of mandibular ramus to anterior margin of mandibular foramen (AB-MF) was 18.95±0.41 mm, the mean distance from posterior border of ramus to posterior margin of mandibular foramen (PB-MF) was 14.30 ± 0.35 mm, the mean distance from mandibular notch to inferior end of the mandibular foramen (MFMN) was 22.5±0.5 mm and the mean distance from the inferior end of mandibular foramen to base of the ramus (MF-MB) was 28.44±0.65 mm in his study .
Oguz et al. have tried to localize the mandibular foramen in Turkish mandibles . Ennes et al. and Prado et al. have studied the location of mandibular foramen in Brazilian population. Samanta et al. have tried to localize the mandibular foramen in Indian mandibles.
Sultana et al. have reported that mandibular foramen was within 25 mm from the third molar tooth . Khan et al. have reported that the mean distance of mandibular foramen from the third molar tooth was 15 mm on the right side and 18 mm on the left side. Ghorai et al. have reported the distance to be 22.8 ± 4.9 mm on the right side and 21.7 ± 4.7 mm on the left side . The results of the present study are similar to Sultana et al as the measurements were 22.84 ± 2.13 mm on the right side and 23.23 ± 4.21 mm on the left side.
Prado et al. have measured the distance of mandibular foramen from the apex of retromolar trigone and reported it to be 14.23 ± 2.57 mm on the right side and 14.40 ± 2.48 mm on the left side. In the present study, the measurements were 12.27 ± 2.13 mm on the right side and 12.13 ± 2.35 mm on the left side .
Ennes and Medeiros have reported the average gonial angle to be 125.6° with a standard deviation between 6.2° and 9.2° . Oguz et al. reported the angle of the mandible to be 120.2°±4.7°. In the present study, it was 117.47°±4.95° on the right side and 117.47°±5.88° on the left side . The gonial angle is inversely proportional to the anteroposterior width of the mandibular ramus and the distance between mandibular foramen and base of the mandible (MF-MB). So, in individuals with wide gonial angle, inferior alveolar nerve blockage has to be performed at a site lower than the conventional site and with a short needle and in individuals with small gonial angle, the inferior alveolar nerve block has to be performed at a site higher than the conventional site and with a long needle .
Sultana et al. from their study have reported that the mandibular foramen maintain bilateral symmetry in dry mandibles in all ages and the foramen was found to be within 25 mm from the third molar, anterior border of ramus (AB) and mandibular notch . In the present study bilateral symmetry of distance of mandibular foramen from various landmarks of the mandibular ramus ranged between 13% to 20% only .
The precise localization of mandibular foramen is very important to achieve a successful inferior alveolar nerve block, prior to dental surgeries in the lower jaw like osteotomy, orthognathic reconstruction surgeries of the mandible and dental implant procedures, and also to avoid injury to the neurovascular contents passing through it. Accessory mandibular foramina will serve as a route for spread of infection and tumour cells. The present study on the morphometry of the mandibular foramen and the incidence of accessory mandibular foramen will provide useful information to dental surgeons for planning and conducting dental and maxillofacial surgeries in the south Indian population. This study will also help radiologists and oncologists in localizing the mandibular foramen in the south Indian population.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest in the present study.
- Keerthana B, Thenmozhi MS. Occurrence of foramen of huschke and its clinical significance. Res J Pharm Technol 2016; 9):_PHONE_.
- Standring S. Gray's anatomy: The anatomical basis of clinical practice. Churchill Livingstone 2015.
- Parmar A, Maheria P, Shah K. Study of nutrient foramina in human typical long bones of lower limb. National J Clin Anatomy 2019; 8:77.
- Deana NF, Navarro P, Alves N. Morphometric study of lingual foramina in macerated mandibles to assist in implant placement in the anterior mandibular region. Folia Morphol 2018; 77:310-322.
- Sultana Z, Sreekanth T. A morphometric study of mandibular foramen in dry adult human mandibles of Indian population in Telangana state. Int J Anatomy Res 2019; 7:7080–7085.
- Gombos K. Techniques and complications of anaesthesia for vitreoretinal surgery and a new technique of local anaesthesia. Acta Ophthalmol 2010; 88.
- Nicholson ML. A study of the position of the mandibular foramen in the adult human mandible. Anatomical Record 1985; 212:110-112.
- Komar D, Lathrop S. Frequencies of morphological characteristics in two contemporary forensic collections: Implications for identification. J Forensic Sci 2006; 51:974–978.
- Sutton RN. The practical significance of mandibular accessory foramina. Australian Dent J 1974; 19:167–173.
- Subashri A, Thenmozhi MS. Occipital emissary foramina in human adult skull and their clinical implications. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2016 Jun 1;9(6):716.
- Hafeez N. Accessory foramen in the middle cranial fossa. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2016 Nov 1;9(11):1880.
- Choudhari S, Thenmozhi MS. Occurrence and Importance of Posterior Condylar Foramen. LATERALITY. 2016 Aug 28;8:11-43.
- Nandhini JT, Babu KY, Mohanraj KG. Size, shape, prominence and localization of gerdy's tubercle in dry human tibial bones. Res J Pharm Technol 2018; 11:3604-3608.
- Oth O, Louryan S, Jan SV, et al. Impact of the mandibular divergence on the position of the inferior alveolar nerve and mylohyoid nerve: a computed tomography study and its relevance to bilateral sagittal split osteotomy. SURG radiol Anatomy 2013; 35:241-247.
- Kannan R, Thenmozhi MS. Morphometric study of styloid process and its clinical importance on eagle's syndrome. Res J Pharm Technol 2016; 9:1137.
- Prado FB, Groppo FC, Volpato MC, et al. Morphological changes in the position of the mandibular foramen in dentate and edentate Brazilian subjects. Clin Anatomy 2010; 23:394-398.
- Oguz O, Bozkir MG. Evaluation of location of mandibular and mental foramina in dry, young, adult human male, dentulous mandibles. West Indian Med J 2002; 51:14-16.
- Ennes JP, de Medeiros RM. Localization of mandibular foramen and clinical implications. Int J Morphol 2009.
- Samanta PP, Kharb P. Morphometric analysis of mandibular foramen and incidence of accessory mandibular foramina in adult human mandibles of an indian population. Revista Argentina Anatomía Clín 2013; 5:60-66.
- Khan I. An anatomical study and clinical co-relations of mandibular foramen in dry adult human mandibles of north Indian origin. J Anatomical Society India 2017; 66:S5.
- Krishna RN, Babu KY. Estimation of stature from physiognomic facial length and morphological facial length. Res J Pharm Technol 2016; 9:2071-2073.
- Sandhya ST, Karpagam. Morphometric study of nutrient foramina in the dry human radii. Int J Current Adv Res 2017; 6:3582–3583.
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**NEW** this year, the MICCAI workshops AE-CAI, CARE will join forces with MIAR will join forces to host a joint 2-day event in Shenzhen, China!
MIAR 2019 will build on the success of the 7th conference in 2016, joining with the 13th AE-CAI and 6th CARE workshop to bring together researchers, clinicians, and medical companies advancing the field of Medical Imaging and Augmented Reality, Augmented Environments for Computer Assisted Interventions (AE-CAI), and Computer Assisted and Robotic Endoscopy (CARE). This workshop will feature high-quality, original papers and invited keynote presentations on the latest scientific, technical and translational advances in developing the next generation of MIAR, AE-CAI, and CARE systems.
Paper Submission Deadline: June 16th
Author Notification: July 20th
Camera-ready Papers: August 12th
***We're happy to announce that this year's workshop proceedings will be published in a Special Issue of the IET's HealthCare Technology Letters Journal (IET HTL).
For more information about submitting your paper click here.
The focus of this workshop is on novel scientific contributions that offer solutions to the technical problems in computer-assisted intervention systems and robotics, visualization and interaction, and medical image computing, as well as papers describing complete systems and clinical applications. The potential clinical benefit is a core subject and contributors will be expected to place their work within this context by describing necessary developments, research questions and any potential obstacles that must be overcome before the clinical introduction of their technologies.
Topics within this theme include:
- Medical Augmented and Virtual Reality
- Surgical Simulation and Training
- Multimodal Data Visualization and Image Fusion
- Image-guided Surgical Navigation and Robotics
- Display Technology for Medical Imaging and Visualization
- Image Guided Intervention System and Platforms
- Human-Computer Interaction and Information Display (visual, auditory, tactile)
- Medical Image Formation, Analysis, and Interpretation
- Computer Assisted Intervention, Interventional Imaging
- Image-guided Robotics, Image-guided Intervention
- Surgical Planning and Simulation
- Systematic Extraand Intra-corporeal Imaging Modalities
- General Biological and Neuroscience Image Computing
- Patient-Specific Modeling and Medical Image Understanding
- Robotic and navigated endoscopy
- Stereoscopic endoscopy
- Ultrasound endoscopy
- Endoscope tracking and navigation
- Endoscopic video computing
- Computer vision for endoscopic applications
- Endoscopy planning and simulation
- Endoscopy skill training and evaluation
Please register for this conference through the MICCAI registration site:
*Note: At least one author per accepted paper must register to the workshop.


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Dr. Rithima Sokhi is a General Dentist at Rideau Dental Centre in Ottawa.
- Originally from Mumbai, India, now proudly calls Canada home
- Fluent in English, Hindi, Punjabi, and Marathi, she effortlessly connects with a diverse range of patients and colleagues
- As an esteemed member of dental associations like the CDA, ODA, ODS, and RCDSO, Dr. Sokhi is unwavering in her commitment to upholding the highest standards of dental care
- DDS from the University of Toronto
- MDS in Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry from Maharashtra University of Health Sciences in India
- BDS from HNB Garhwal University, India
- Dr. Sokhi's professional philosophy revolves around patient-centered, evidence-based care
- Continually strives for excellence while embodying compassion and humility
Hobbies and Interests
- Beyond the dental chair, Dr. Sokhi treasures quality time spent with her family, cherishing the moments that create lasting bonds
- Additionally, she finds solace and creative expression in the arts, particularly through painting and calligraphy
- An avid reader, she continuously seeks knowledge and inspiration from the pages of diverse literature.
- In essence, Dr. Rithima Sokhi's journey is marked by her roots, global experiences, and dedication to dental excellence, all while finding joy in family and creative pursuits


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Horses - Poisoned
davidkennedydds — February 24, 2008 — Justus's horses are found to be suffering from chronic fluoride poisoning from drinking fluoridated water. Study published in peer reviewed scientific literature.
ARTIFICIAL WATER FLUORIDATION CAUSES FLUORIDE POISONING IN HORSES Daniel G. Stockin, MPH. College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. August 30, 2005 There is a vast literature on fluoride poisoning in animals, especially in cattle. The sources of fluoride are emissions from aluminum, coal, and steel industries, phosphate fertilizer and feed supplements. The exposure is usually very heavy and the life-span relatively short. Now we have before us another situation in horses exposed to relatively low fluoride but for a very long time. A community in Colorado fluoridated the water some 20 years ago in a concentration of 1.3 parts per million (ranging from 0.35 to 1.35). For a local Quarter Horse operation, from 6 to 10 horses, this was the only source of water. There were no phosphate fertilizer used or any phosphate supplements for the horses. Signs of fluoride poisoning started to appear after five years and included interference with reproduction, crooked leg bones. Blood analyses showed decreased levels of thyroid gland hormone. Post-mortem examination of cannon-bones revealed pile-up of bone tissue on the inner surface (endostosis) and chemical analysis of dried bone confirmed the diagnosis of chronic dental fluorosis which grew worse with time and finally showed severe destruction of tooth-supporting bone. Over the years, 5 horses were killed because of progressive signs of chronic fluoride poisoning. The horses did not die in vain. They played a role in the successful campaign to discontinue artificial water fluoridation in the community. The lesson to be learned is obvious: prevent fluoride poisoning by NOT fluoridating the water. See Report by Daniel G Stockin. Click Here. Cattle & Cows – Poisoned
Industrial Fluoridation: A Historical Perspective
Merino sheep study reference to J. M. Harvey (1952)
J.M. Harvey, a Senior Government Chemist, described the health and economic impacts of fluorosis affecting merino sheep in a scholarly paper entitled "Chronic Endemic Fluorosis of Merino Sheep in Queensland." This peer-reviewed paper was published in the Queensland Journal of Agricultural Science (vol. 9/Nr.2, p.47-138) under the auspices of The Queensland Department of Agriculture and Stock.
This scholarly paper is outstanding in its broad scope, thoroughness in execution, and attention to detail. It stands as a benchmark contribution on the affects of fluoride poisoning of merino sheep. Comparisons with human studies are valid because both species are placental mammals.
J. M. Harvey (1952) demonstrated that fluoride poisoning of sheep is evidenced by shortened breeding lives for ewes, higher mortality of lambs (stillborn and post-natal), lower wool quality and yields, and also reduced meat production. Elevated levels of fluoride were found in the blood, thyroid, and kidneys.
J.M. Harvey attributed the poor health of the merino sheep mainly to impaired grazing efficiency, caused in turn by defective teeth. He reported abnormalities in shape, size, structure and hardness of teeth, together with jaw and skeletal bone deformities; the degree of severity is related to fluoride concentration in drinking water.
Amazingly, merino ewes' milk did not exceed a low 0.2 ppm fluoride, even for sheep drinking water (~4.5 l/day) with up to 10 ppm F. This mirrors the fact that human mothers' milk (~0.01 ppm F) discriminates strongly against toxic fluoride.
The Queensland Government has known about the health impacts of drinking fluoridated water for almost 60 years. In spite of this awareness, the Queensland Government stubbornly refuses to adopt a precautionary approach to fluoride toxicity.
(Brief Review and comments by John Lusk (M.Sc., Ph.D.) Chronic Endemic Fluorosis Merino Sheep in Queensland. Click to Read Vol 9 No 2 June 1952. Read Qld Government Report. Click to Read Vol 10 No 3 September 1953. Read Qld Government Report. Click to Read
Craigieburn and the Alcoa aluminium smelting plant near Portland are proving fatal to kangaroos. DSE was informed of the problem in 2008 and the EPA was told in 2005, but signs of fluoride-related symptoms in kangaroos were noted as early as 2001. We know we cannot rely on the DSE's wildlife statistics and most of us have heard that the EPA is a toothless tiger, but how many of us would have thought there was enough fluoride dust out there to kill herds of kangaroos? Where does that put humans, especially children?
SCORES of starving and pain-ridden kangaroos have been culled after developing tooth and bone deformities from breathing and ingesting fluoride emissions.
Many more are believed to be suffering from growths that will kill them.
The affected kangaroos are living near the Alcoa aluminium smelter in Portland, in the state's south-west, and the Austral Bricks factory at Craigieburn.
» Read full article Study published in peer reviewed scientific literature.


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|Monark - 839E Digital Ergometer Testing Bike
|The Monark Ergomedic 839E Electronic Test Cycle is one of the world's most accurate cycle ergometers. It is especially used for fitness assessment and stress testing, as well as in research, sports medicine and rehabilitation. With menu based programs, bu more...
The Monark Ergomedic 839E Electronic Test Cycle is one of the worlds most accurate cycle ergometers. It is especially used for fitness assessment and stress testing, as well as in research, sports medicine and rehabilitation.
The Monark 839E Electronic Cycle Ergometer is equipped with removable control unit, pre-programed with Astrand, Bruce, YMCA, Naughton, Ramp, and Incremental protocols, amongst others, plus target heart rate adjusted workload. Individual exercise protocals can be programmed and stored. Heart rate is monitored by optical ear sensor or with chest belt of telemetry type.
The Monark 839E Bicycle Ergometer provides a constant workload independent of pedal speed. Easy to calibrate both mechanically and electronically.
- Menu based programs
- Multi lingual options.
- Provides a constant workload independent of pedal speed.
- Work may be power (watts or kpm/min), force (kp or Newton) or VO 2 (ml/kg/min).
- Built-in digital timer.
- Heart rate measured with telemetry type or with ear sensor.
- Optical metronome.
- Energy consumption calculator in calories (kcal).
- Remote controller with backlit LCD-display.
- Serial communication port for remote PC or ECG machine.
- Direct printer connection port.
- Direct calculation of aerobic capacity with built-in protocols; Åstrand, Bruce, YMCA and Naughton.
- Can be pre-set for step-by-step change in workload and time intervals, i.e. ramp and incremental.
- Individual exercise protocols can be programmed and stored.
- Training protocol; workload is adjusted automatically to achieve and maintain target heart rate.
Specifications - Bike:
- Brake-power 0-1400 W (depending on rpm).
- Large, well-balanced flywheel 22 kg (48 lbs).
- Adjustable saddle; vertically and forward/backwards.
- Adjustable handlebar with quick release lever.
- Stable frame, with square tubing.
- Powder painted.
- Wheels for easy transport. Length 1150 mm (45").
- Width 530 mm (21") at handlebar.
- Width 460 mm (18") at support tubes.
- Height _PHONE_ mm (30-45") at handlebar..
- Height _PHONE_ mm (30-44") at seat.
- Weight 56 kg (123 lbs).
Specifications - Computer:
- Dual 8 MHz microcomputer system with 16 bits processor.
- Standard RS 232 interface.
- Interface for PC Compatible parallel printer.
- Can be controlled from an ANSI compatible terminal.
- Multi-color LED bar showing metronome or heart rate and rpm-deviations.
- Auto sensing to 110-140 V. AC or 200-240 V. AC alternatively.
- Resistance System: Magnetic, self-regulating weight basket
- Riding Position: Upright
- Free Wheeling Mode: Yes
- Flywheel: Large, Fully enclosed
- Display Console: Electronic readout: current speed, rpm, workout time, distance, heart rate, braking power (calories
- consumed), force (Newtons), and power (watts), VO2
- On-board Computer: Dual 8 MHz microcomputer system, 16 bits processor
- Electronic Interface: Standard 232, PC compatible parallel printer, Controlled from ANSI compatible terminal
- Pedal Type: Standard dimension
- Transmission: Chain
- Pulse Measurement: Ear clip, Telemetry type
- Included Software: Analysis Software
- Made in: Sweden
- Warranty - One year on parts
* within the 48 continental US States