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Concatenated Short Message Service
Definition of Concatenated Short Message Service
Concatenated Short Message Service (CSMS) is a technology used to split and combine larger text messages that exceed the standard SMS character limit of 160 characters. It divides the long message into smaller segments, each sent as an individual SMS, and then reassembles them on the receiver's device to display the message as a single, coherent text. This process enables users to send and receive longer text messages without manual intervention.
Phonetic
The phonetics for the keyword "Concatenated Short Message Service" are:/kənˈkatəˌnādəd ʃôrt ˈmesij ˈsərvəs/kən-KAT-ən-ay-dəd shôrt MES-ij Sər-vəs
Key Takeaways
 1. Concatenated SMS allows for sending longer text messages by dividing them into smaller parts, which are sent individually and reassembled upon reception.
 2. Each concatenated SMS message part is counted as a separate message for billing purposes and can consume multiple message segments depending on the encoding used.
 3. Concatenated SMS is compatible with almost all GSM devices; however, its successful delivery depends on the recipient's device and network supporting the feature.
Importance of Concatenated Short Message Service
The technology term "Concatenated Short Message Service" (CSMS) is important because it allows for the sending and receiving of longer text messages beyond the standard 160-character limit of traditional SMS (Short Message Service). CSMS achieves this by breaking down a long message into smaller segments and reassembling them upon arrival at the recipient's device.
This innovation in text messaging enhances communication by enabling users to share more detailed and extensive information in a single message.
Consequently, CSMS has played a vital role in improving the versatility, effectiveness, and convenience of mobile communication, paving the way for the evolution of messaging platforms that cater to the growing demand for more advanced features and functionalities.
Explanation
Concatenated Short Message Service (CSMS) is a specialized feature within the realm of text messaging, fundamentally designed to extend the capabilities and enhance the user experience of SMS communications. Its primary purpose is to overcome the limitation of the standard text message length, which typically allows up to 160 characters for GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) encoding, by enabling the sending and receiving of longer messages that seamlessly appear as a single, complete text to the recipient.
CSMS achieves this by automatically breaking down extensive messages into smaller, manageable segments and intelligently reassembling them on the recipient's device, consequently allowing users to communicate more complex ideas or share detailed information without the constraints of the traditional SMS character limit. To achieve this functionality, the CSMS protocol assigns unique identifiers and sequence numbers to each of the segmented parts of a long message, thus ensuring that the recipient's device can accurately reconstruct the message in its original form upon arrival.
This innovative solution provides users with a more convenient and efficient way to communicate through SMS, as the sender doesn't need to manually divide the message into shorter parts, nor does the recipient have to piece together separate messages while attempting to comprehend their context. Ultimately, the Concatenated Short Message Service offers an enhanced, user-friendly version of SMS communication, enabling people to convey richer and fuller content within the familiar confines of the classic text message format.
Examples of Concatenated Short Message Service
Concatenated Short Message Service (CSMS) is a technology that allows the sending of longer SMS messages by splitting the content into multiple smaller messages, which are later reassembled by the recipient's device. Here are three real-world examples of CSMS usage:
Emergency Alerts: During natural disasters or public safety emergencies, government agencies may send out urgent messages to affected populations. These messages often contain vital information and instructions that may exceed the standard 160-character limit for a single SMS. CSMS allows these alerts to be delivered in longer, more detailed formats by breaking them into smaller parts that are reassembled upon receipt.
Mobile Marketing Campaigns: Businesses often use SMS to send promotional content, offers, and updates to their customers. When a company needs to convey more information than a single SMS can contain, they may use CSMS to split the message into smaller segments and ensure it reaches the recipient as a complete, coherent message.
Personal Messaging: In everyday communication, people sometimes need to send lengthy text messages, which may exceed the standard character limit for an SMS. When sending such a long message, a smartphone typically employs CSMS to break the content into smaller parts, ensuring the entire message gets delivered to the recipient's device seamlessly. The recipient then sees the full message, which appears as a single, uninterrupted text.
Concatenated Short Message Service FAQ
1. What is Concatenated Short Message Service (CSMS)?
Concatenated Short Message Service (CSMS) is a technology that allows sending longer SMS messages by splitting the text into multiple linked parts. These parts are reassembled by the recipient's mobile device, displaying a single, coherent message.
2. How does CSMS work?
CSMS works by dividing a long message into smaller segments called "message parts." Each part contains a User Data Header (UDH) and a reference number, indicating the total number of parts and the order in which they should be combined. When the recipient's device receives these parts, it uses the reference number and UDH to reassemble the message into its original form.
3. What is the maximum length of a concatenated SMS?
The maximum length of a concatenated SMS depends on the encoding used. For GSM 7-bit encoding, each message part can have up to 153 characters, while for UCS-2 (Unicode) encoding, each part can have up to 67 characters. Consequently, a concatenated SMS with 3 parts has a maximum length of 459 characters in GSM 7-bit encoding or 201 characters in UCS-2 encoding.
4. Can all mobile devices support CSMS?
Most modern mobile devices support CSMS. However, older devices or those with limited SMS features may not support it. In such cases, the recipient may receive the message parts as separate, unintelligible SMS messages.
5. Are there any additional charges for sending concatenated SMS messages?
Charges for concatenated SMS messages depend on the mobile network provider and plan. Since the message is divided into multiple parts, each part may be billed as a separate SMS message. It is essential to check with your specific provider for detailed information on their charging structure.
Related Technology Terms
 - Fragmented SMS
 - Long SMS
 - Message Segmentation
 - Text Message Concatenation
 - User Data Header (UDH)
Sources for More Information
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Article details
Research area
Natural language & AI
Location
. Proceedings of the Symposium of the American medical Informatics Association
Date
2006
Author(s)
Combining image features, case descriptions and umls concepts to improve retrieval of medical images
Synopsis:
This paper evaluates a system, UBMedTIRS, for retrieval of medical images. The system uses a combination of image and text features as well as mapping of free text to UMLS concepts. UBMedTIRS combines three publicly available tools: a content-based image retrieval system (GIFT), a text retrieval system (SMART), and a tool for mapping free text to UMLS concepts (MetaMap). The system is evaluated using the ImageCLEFmed 2005 collection that contains approximately 50,000 medical images with associated text descriptions in English, French and German. Our experimental results indicate that the proposed approach yields significant improvements in retrieval performance. Our system performs 156% above the GIFT system and 42% above the text retrieval system.

This paper was nominated for the AMIA Homer R. Warner Award.
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text: This paper proposes a route planning problem for sightseeing with fuzzy random variables based on constraints of required traveling times and satisfactions of the total sightseeing activity. In general, traveling times among sightseeing places and the satisfactions of activities depend on weather and climate conditions. Tourists will like to do their favorable route planning without drastically changing the tour route of usual condition such as fine even if the weather condition changes for the worse. Therefore, the fuzzy random variables for traveling times and satisfactions of activities derived from uncertainty conditions are introduced, and a new route planning problem is proposed to obtain the favorable route similar to the optimal route under the usual condition. As a basic case of fuzzy numbers, interval values and the order relation are introduced. From the order relation, the proposed model is transformed into an extended model of network optimization problems. A numerical example is provided to compare the proposed model with standard route planning problems for sightseeing.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Inspired by a rare archival detail, the Interlocking G Horsebit print defines this scarf, mixing with a geometric ribbon motif. Symbolic House codes continue to be reimagined throughout the latest collections.
- Interlocking G Horsebit and ribbons print navy organic silk twill
- Green borders
- This product contains organic silk where the sericulture and manufacturing process restrict the use of chemicals, eliminate pesticides or artificial fertilizers and incorporate methods that respect biodiversity, improve soil quality, and reduce water consumption.
- 35.5″W x 35.5″L
- 100% Silk
- Made in Italy


Create a simple authentication used by a smartphone app with a cakephp webservice
Everybody is using smartphones to get there information on the go. To provide the necessary information there a several ways to do so, e.g.:
 - your usual web page
 - your usual web page with a special mobile layout
 - a native smartphone app retrieving its information via a provided web service.
In this post i take a closer look at the last point in a very simple way, which gives you an idea of how things can work and you can play around with.
For this simple approach the smartphone app needs to be able to store data on the device.
This is how the entire process works in my case:
The already registered User logs in via his smartphone app, which will send the username and password via post request to an url.
All the authentification happens on the website, so there will be no encryption done on the mobile device, which means there is no extra work to be done, when some thing on the webservice needs to be changed.
if username and password are correct the website will generate a token, saves it and send a response with either false or an array with the token and the encrypted password (i used the already encrypted password from database) that needs to be saved in the app.
From now on, the web service expects those values on every request and authenticates this device and therefor the user.
As long as this token is sent the app will be authenticated and on every login the token will be renwed for this user, which means that a login from another device will delete the current token and writes a new one that will be different. That means, that only one device can be logged in at the same time.
I started with a controller, that provides all necessary methods and will respond to a GET request with a JSON response.
I used the great and new CakeResponse (like shown in a previous post), which is the easiest way to answer the request without any special Views or echo responses from the controller.
Here is some example code which is used to get a forum thread by its database id. All other requests are pretty much straight forward like this one and keeping all logic on the webservices side.
public function thread($id = null) {
$data = array();
$data['Thread'] = $this->Forum->getThreadById($id);
return new CakeResponse(array('body' => json_encode($data, JSON_NUMERIC_CHECK)));
}
To this this point everything is pretty much basic stuff and i also assume you already have an Users table in your database with a username and an encrypted password.
I added a column "token" (varchar), "mobile_login" (datetime) and "android_registration_id" (varchar) into the Users table, this is where we store the hash thats authenticates the smartphone app at the web service.
You could use the "mobile_login"-date to check back on a regularly base and renew the token, if you see the need to do so.
The "android_registration_id" is used to save the google account id, which is used to send push messages through the website on the users phone, e.g. to send notifications if the user receives a a messages or something similar.
Therefore this is more on the surface of the subject, i think there will be more detailed posts about in the near future and i will be happy to get your suggestions how to improve or extend this approach.
3 thoughts on "Create a simple authentication used by a smartphone app with a cakephp webservice
 1. alexdd55 Post author
 Good point. I will put up a post with some code snippets later today. Thanks for bringing that up 🙂
 UPDATE:
 check out this post. i hope i answered some of your question.
 feel free to ask 🙂
 Reply
 1. Pingback: Simple webservice authentication using cakephp. A closer look.
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text:
Cortex Futura: Algorithms of Thought, Political Science and Context-Dependent Insight
December 04, 2020
In this episode, we talk with Lukas Kawerau, aka. Cortex Futura on Twitter! A known Roaman in the personal knowledge management space, Cortex is an educator through the Roam courses Galaxy Brain and Cite to Write, to help you build deeper knowledge and think better.
In the middle of getting a Ph.D. in Political Science, he has done work on governance, cyber security, and data analysis throughout his career. With that comes the itch to make things, connect, to write notes down, and create his own personal workflows until stumbling into Roam. In this episode we talk about:
- The name Cortex Futura: Where does it come from?
- Lukas' origin story and how Roam blew his mind
- The Cortex Ph.D. workflow: Using Google Scholar, Zotero, Synchronous Reading, and more
- The principles of context-dependent insight, and how it differs from progressive summarization
- Algorithms of Thought, how tools of thought will expand and make an impact on existing institutions
- What Naval said on the Tim Ferriss podcast that made Lukas upset, and why
LinksSupport the show


text:
Grades3-5, 6-8, 9-12
Brief DescriptionStudents determine revenue generated by sample pages from the Yellow Pages and discuss the value of advertising a business in this venue.
Keywordstelephone, phone, yellow, directory, advertise, business, revenue, calculate, chart, table, research, data, decision
Note: This math activity is designed to be done by hand, but you might integrate technology by having students use a computer spreadsheet program to organize and calculate data.
Open this activity with a brief discussion about the Yellow Pages section of the local telephone directory. How do the Yellow Pages differ from other parts of the book? What kinds of people publish phone numbers in the Yellow Pages? What might be the benefits of publishing phone numbers in the Yellow Pages? Lead the discussion to how businesses use the Yellow Pages to advertise their products or services with other businesses offering similar services.
Share with students that Yellow Pages ads can be very expensive but that many business owners pay the rates because it's profitable for them to be listed among businesses that offer competitive products. A small Yellow Pages ad can cost hundreds, or even thousands, of dollars a year! In large urban areas, the costs of advertising in the Yellow Pages are likely to be greater than they are in a small, rural area. Costs vary by geographic location and by the size of the ad. Other variations might include whether the ad includes art or colored inks.
In this activity, students will use the local telephone directory and some fictitious ad rates to calculate the amount of revenue that a page in the Yellow Pages generates. The fictitious ad rates might or might not be close to rates actually paid in your area. You are welcome to substitute true rates for your local area if you can get that information from your Yellow Pages publisher. (Publishers might not be willing to provide that information; ad rates are frequently unpublished and often negotiable.)
For this activity, assign each student three pages in the Yellow Pages section of your local directory, or you might copy a number of pages and give three to each student. Have each student create a chart (or use a teacher-created chart) and do the math for the three pages he or she is assigned.
If you have time, it's a good idea to provide students with pages that include ads in a variety of sizes. You might even plan to give more complex pages (with ads of a wide variety of sizes plus a fair number of individual listings) to students with strong math abilities; for students who are not as strong in math, you might provide simpler pages that will require less calculation.
When students have their phone book pages, share with them that the rates advertisers pay for Yellow Pages ads depend on the size of the ad. Ask: What different sizes of ads do you find on the pages you have in front of you? (Students will share that they see full-page ads, ads that take up a half of the page, or ads that take up a quarter, an eighth, or a sixteenth of the page.)
To accommodate students who are visual learners, you might cut 16 squares from a page of the yellow pages; each square should be the size of an ad that takes up 1/16th of a page in the phone directory. Have students assist as you paste those squares over a sample page; students will see clearly that a page can be made up of 16 ads that are 1/16 of a page in size. You might also cut squares to show students that a page could include eight 1/8th-page ads, four 1/4th-page ads, or two 1/2-page ads.
At this time, provide a couple of sample pages from the Yellow Pages section of the phone directory. (Photocopying those pages onto overhead transparencies would be best.) As a class, count and record the number of ads of different sizes and the number of individual (1- or 2-line) ads that appear on each page. Record the results in a format similar to the one below:
|Page no.||2-line||1/16th page||1/16th page with art||1/8th page||1/8th page with art||1/4th page||1/4th page with art||1/2 page||1/2 page with art||Full page||Full page with art|
Hand out to students three pages from the Yellow Pages. Have students create a chart similar to the one above (or provide the chart for students to fill in). Have students use the chart to record the number of ads of different sizes and the number of individual listings on each page.
Introduce the Ad Rate Sheet. Provide the sheet for students in one of the following formats:
The simple Ad Rate Sheet below can be used if you do not have access to an actual Ad Rate Sheet from the publisher of your phone directory. (Notes: For younger students, you might simplify the activity by leaving off the "Extra Charge for Art" column. All rates on this chart are on the low side for most locales.)Next, have students create a chart (or use a teacher-created chart) to figure how much revenue the Yellow Pages publisher took in for three pages of the phone directory. The chart below is a sample of the chart older students might use for each page. (Younger students might have fewer types of ads listed.)
Size of Ad Cost per Year Extra Charge for Art 1 or 2 lines $120 No art allowed 1/16th page $390 $50 1/8th page $760 $75 1/4th page $900 $100 1/2 page $1,420 $125 Full page $2,170 $175
|Number of ads||Type and cost of ad||Total cost of ads|
|2-line ad @ $120||$|
|1/16th-page ad @ $390||$|
|1/16th-page ad with art @ $440||$|
|18th-page ad @ $760||$|
|1/8th-page ad with art @ $835||$|
|1/4th-page ad @ $990||$|
|1/4th-page ad with art @ $1,090||$|
|1/2-page ad @ $1,420||$|
|1/2-page ad with art @ $1,545||$|
|Full-page ad @ $2,170||$|
|Full-page ad with art @ $2,345||$|
|Total ad dollars||$|
Ask students to record on the chart the number of each type of ad that appears. Then they should figure out the total ad dollars generated by each type of ad. Finally, they should total the figures for each type of ad to find the amount generated by each page of the Yellow Pages. Have students repeat those steps for all three pages.
Students answer the following question: If you owned a restaurant, would you publish a business ad in the Yellow Pages of your phone book? Why or why not?
Lesson Plan Source
LANGUAGE ARTS: English
MATHEMATICS: Number and Operations
NL-ENG.K-12.4 Communication Skills
NL-ENG.K-12.7 Evaluating Data
NL-ENG.K-12.12 Applying Language Skills
NM-NUM.3-5.1 Understand Numbers, Ways of Representing Numbers, Relationships Among Numbers, and Number Systems
NM-NUM.3-5.3 Compute Fluently and Make Reasonable Estimates
NM-NUM.6-8.1 Understand Numbers, Ways of Representing Numbers, Relationships Among Numbers, and Number Systems
NM-NUM.6-8.3 Compute Fluently and Make Reasonable Estimates
NM-NUM.9-12.1 Understand Numbers, Ways of Representing Numbers, Relationships Among Numbers, and Number Systems
NM-NUM.9-12.3 Compute Fluently and Make Reasonable Estimates
NM-CONN.PK-12.3 Recognize and Apply Mathematics in Contexts Outside of Mathematics
NM-REP.PK-12.1 Create and Use Representations to Organize, Record, and Communicate Mathematical Ideas
NSS-EC.K-4.2 Effective Decision Making
NSS-EC.K-4.9 Competition in the Marketplace
NSS-EC.5-8.2 Effective Decision Making
NSS-EC.5-8.9 Competition in the marketplace
NSS-EC.9-12.2 Effective Decision Making
NSS-EC.9-12.9 Competition in the Marketplace
See more fun math lessons in these Education World articles:

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Design for adding ifdown script to KVM
This is a design document about adding support for an ifdown script responsible for deconfiguring network devices and cleanup changes made by the ifup script. The first implementation will target KVM but it could be ported to Xen as well especially when hotplug gets implemented.
Current state and shortcomings
Currently, KVM before instance startup, instance migration and NIC hotplug, it creates a tap and invokes explicitly the kvm-ifup script with the relevant environment (INTERFACE, MAC, IP, MODE, LINK, TAGS, and all the network info if any; NETWORK_SUBNET, NETWORK_TAGS, etc).
For Xen we have the vif-ganeti script (associated with vif-script hypervisor parameter). The main difference is that Xen calls it by itself by passing it as an extra option in the configuration file.
This ifup script can do several things; bridge a tap to a bridge, add ip rules, update a external DNS or DHCP server, enable proxy ARP or proxy NDP, issue openvswitch commands, etc. In general we can divide those actions in two categories:
 1. Commands that change the state of the host
 2. Commands that change the state of external components.
Currently those changes do not get cleaned up or modified upon instance shutdown, remove, migrate, or NIC hot-unplug. Thus we have stale entries in hosts and most important might have stale/invalid configuration on external components like routers that could affect connectivity.
A workaround could be hooks but:
1) During migrate hooks the environment is the one held in config data and not in runtime files. The NIC configuration might have changed on master but not on the running KVM process (unless hotplug is used). Plus the NIC order in config data might not be the same one on the KVM process.
2) On instance modification, changes are not available on hooks. With other words we do not know the configuration before and after modification.
Since Ganeti is the orchestrator and is the one who explicitly configures host devices (tap, vif) it should be the one responsible for cleanup/ deconfiguration. Especially on a SDN approach this kind of script might be useful to cleanup flows in the cluster in order to ensure correct paths without ping pongs between hosts or connectivity loss for the instance.
Proposed Changes
We add an new script, kvm-ifdown that is explicitly invoked after:
 1. instance shutdown on primary node
 2. successful instance migration on source node
 3. failed instance migration on target node
 4. successful NIC hot-remove on primary node
If an administrator's custom ifdown script exists (e.g. kvm-ifdown-custom), the kvm-ifdown script executes that script, as happens with kvm-ifup.
Along with that change we should rename custom ifup script from kvm-vif-bridge (which does not make any sense) to kvm-ifup-custom.
In contrary to kvm-ifup, one cannot rely on kvm-ifdown script to be called. A node might die just after a successful migration or after an instance shutdown. In that case, all "undo" operations will not be invoked. Thus, this script should work "on a best effort basis" and the network should not rely on the script being called or being successful. Additionally it should modify only the node local dynamic configs (routes, arp entries, SDN, firewalls, etc.), whereas static ones (DNS, DHCP, etc.) should be modified via hooks.
Implementation Details
 1. Where to get the NIC info?
We cannot account on config data since it might have changed. So the only place we keep our valid data is inside the runtime file. During instance modifications (NIC hot-remove, hot-modify) we have the NIC object from the RPC. We take its UUID and search for the corresponding entry in the runtime file to get further info. After instance shutdown and migration we just take all NICs from the runtime file and invoke the ifdown script for each one
 1. Where to find the corresponding TAP?
Currently TAP names are kept under /var/run/ganeti/kvm-hypervisor/nics//. This is not enough. As told above a NIC's index might change during instance's life. An example will make things clear:
 - The admin starts an instance with three NICs.
 - The admin removes the second without hotplug.
 - The admin removes the first with hotplug.
The index that will arrive with the RPC will be 1 and if we read the relevant NIC file we will get the tap of the NIC that has been removed on second step but is still existing in the KVM process.
So upon TAP creation we write another file with the same info but named after the NIC's UUID. The one named after its index can be left for compatibility (Ganeti does not use it; external tools might) Obviously this info will not be available for old instances in the cluster. The ifdown script should be aware of this corner case.
 1. What should we cleanup/deconfigure?
Upon NIC hot-remove we obviously want to wipe everything. But on instance migration we don't want to reset external configuration like DNS. So we choose to pass an extra positional argument to the ifdown script (it already has the TAP name) that will reflect the context it was invoked with. Please note that de-configuration of external components is not encouraged and should be done via hooks. Still we could easily support it via this extra argument.
 1. What will be the script environment?
In general the same environment passed to ifup script. Except instance's tags. Those are the only info not kept in runtime file and it can change between ifup and ifdown script execution. The ifdown script must be aware of it and should cleanup everything that ifup script might setup depending on instance tags (e.g. firewalls, etc)
Configuration Changes
 1. The kvm-ifdown script will be an extra file installed under the same dir kvm-ifup resides. We could have a single script (and symbolic links to it) that shares the same code, where a second positional argument or an extra environment variable would define if we are bringing the interface up or down. Still this is not the best practice since it is not equivalent with how KVM uses script and downscript in the netdev option; scripts are different files that get the tap name as positional argument. Of course common code will go in net-common so that it can be sourced from either Xen or KVM specific scripts.
 2. An extra file written upon TAP creation named after the NIC's UUID and including the TAP's name. Since this should be the correct file to keep backwards compatibility we create a symbolic link named after the NIC's index and pointing to this new file.


text:
Proceedings PaperShuttle Mounted Sensors For The Analysis Of Ocean Phenomena
|Format||Member Price||Non-Member Price|
The Space Shuttle has proven to be an excellent platform for testing sensors for the analysis of ocean phenomena. The Shuttle provides a manned, stable platform that can be precisely navigated. The ocean monitoring sensors are operated, retrieved, evaluated in the laboratory and reflown. Of major importance is the ability of the astronaut/oceanographer to use his intellect and visual acuity to recognize valuable ocean phenomena and then to interact directly with the sensors. This interaction can include real-time sensor pointing, tuning, and coordination with the ground and ship stations. In the complex task of identifying ocean features from space, man can: make rapid interpretation, evaluate ocean color changes, filter out cloud affects, make geographic location decisions and assess the contrast of subtle ocean features from background. Optional sensor mounting methods have been designed to reduce flight costs and turnaround times necessary for continuing sensor demonstration schedules. The Shuttle platform permits space testing of ocean monitoring sensors without the commitment of long range, expensive, systems programs necessary for stand-alone satellite sensor testing.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


. Load checkpoint from cfg.MODEL.WEIGHTS.
 2. Always take BGR image as the input and apply conversion defined by cfg.INPUT.FORMAT.
 3. Apply resizing defined by cfg.INPUT.{MIN,MAX}_SIZE_TEST.
 4. Take one input image and produce a single output, instead of a batch.
This is meant for simple demo purposes, so it does the above steps automatically. This is not meant for benchmarks or running complicated inference logic. If you'd like to do anything more complicated, please refer to its source code as examples to build and use the model manually.
metadata
the metadata of the underlying dataset, obtained from cfg.DATASETS.TEST.
Type
Metadata
Examples:
pred = DefaultPredictor(cfg)
inputs = cv2.imread("input.jpg")
outputs = pred(inputs)
__call__(original_image)[source]
Parameters
original_image (np.ndarray) – an image of shape (H, W, C) (in BGR order).
Returns
predictions (dict) – the output of the model for one image only. See Use Models for details about the format.
class detectron2.engine.defaults.DefaultTrainer(cfg)[source]
Bases: detectron2.engine.train_loop.TrainerBase
A trainer with default training logic. It does the following:
 1. Create a SimpleTrainer using model, optimizer, dataloader defined by the given config. Create a LR scheduler defined by the config.
 2. Load the last checkpoint or cfg.MODEL.WEIGHTS, if exists, when resume_or_load is called.
 3. Register a few common hooks defined by the config.
It is created to simplify the standard model training workflow and reduce code boilerplate for users who only need the standard training workflow, with standard features. It means this class makes many assumptions about your training logic that may easily become invalid in a new research. In fact, any assumptions beyond those made in the SimpleTrainer are too much for research.
The code of this class has been annotated about restrictive assumptions it makes. When they do not work for you, you're encouraged to:
 1. Overwrite methods of this class, OR:
 2. Use SimpleTrainer, which only does minimal SGD training and nothing else. You can then add your own hooks if needed. OR:
 3. Write your own training loop similar to tools/plain_train_net.py.
See the Training tutorials for more details.
Note that the behavior of this class, like other functions/classes in this file, is not stable, since it is meant to represent the "common default behavior". It is only guaranteed to work well with the standard models and training workflow in detectron2. To obtain more stable behavior, write your own training logic with other public APIs.
Examples:
trainer = DefaultTrainer(cfg)
trainer.resume_or_load() # load last checkpoint or MODEL.WEIGHTS
trainer.train()
scheduler
checkpointer
Type
DetectionCheckpointer
cfg
Type
CfgNode
__init__(cfg)[source]
Parameters
cfg (CfgNode) –
resume_or_load(resume=True)[source]
If resume==True and cfg.OUTPUT_DIR contains the last checkpoint (defined by a last_checkpoint file), resume from the file. Resuming means loading all available states (eg. optimizer and scheduler) and update iteration counter from the checkpoint. cfg.MODEL.WEIGHTS will not be used.
Otherwise, this is considered as an independent training. The method will load model weights from the file cfg.MODEL.WEIGHTS (but will not load other states) and start from iteration 0.
Parameters
resume (bool) – whether to do resume or not
build_hooks()[source]
Build a list of default hooks, including timing, evaluation, checkpointing, lr scheduling, precise BN, writing events.
Returns
list[HookBase]
build_writers()[source]
Build a list of writers to be used using default_writers(). If you'd like a different list of writers, you can overwrite it in your trainer.
Returns
list[EventWriter] – a list of EventWriter objects.
train()[source]
Run training.
Returns
OrderedDict of results, if evaluation is enabled. Otherwise None.
run_step()[source]
state_dict()[source]
load_state_dict(state_dict)[source]
classmethod build_model(cfg)[source]
Returns
torch.nn.Module
It now calls detectron2.modeling.build_model(). Overwrite it if you'd like a different model.
classmethod build_optimizer(cfg, model)[source]
Returns
torch.optim.Optimizer
It now calls detectron2.solver.build_optimizer(). Overwrite it if you'd like a different optimizer.
classmethod build_lr_scheduler(cfg, optimizer)[source]
It now calls detectron2.solver.build_lr_scheduler(). Overwrite it if you'd like a different scheduler.
classmethod build_train_loader(cfg)[source]
Returns
iterable
It now calls detectron2.data.build_detection_train_loader(). Overwrite it if you'd like a different data loader.
classmethod build_test_loader(cfg, dataset_name)[source]
Returns
iterable
It now calls detectron2.data.build_detection_test_loader(). Overwrite it if you'd like a different data loader.
classmethod build_evaluator(cfg, dataset_name)[source]
Returns
DatasetEvaluator or None
It is not implemented by default.
classmethod test(cfg, model, evaluators=None)[source]
Evaluate the given model. The given model is expected to already contain weights to evaluate.
Parameters
Returns
dict – a dict of result metrics
static auto_scale_workers(cfg, num_workers: int)[source]
When the config is defined for certain number of workers (according to cfg.SOLVER.REFERENCE_WORLD_SIZE) that's different from the number of workers currently in use, returns a new cfg where the total batch size is scaled so that the per-GPU batch size stays the same as the original IMS_PER_BATCH // REFERENCE_WORLD_SIZE.
Other config options are also scaled accordingly: * training steps and warmup steps are scaled inverse proportionally. * learning rate are scaled proportionally, following Accurate, Large Minibatch SGD: Training ImageNet in 1 Hour.
For example, with the original config like the following:
IMS_PER_BATCH: 16
BASE_LR: 0.1
REFERENCE_WORLD_SIZE: 8
MAX_ITER: 5000
STEPS: (4000,)
CHECKPOINT_PERIOD: 1000
When this config is used on 16 GPUs instead of the reference number 8, calling this method will return a new config with:
IMS_PER_BATCH: 32
BASE_LR: 0.2
REFERENCE_WORLD_SIZE: 16
MAX_ITER: 2500
STEPS: (2000,)
CHECKPOINT_PERIOD: 500
Note that both the original config and this new config can be trained on 16 GPUs. It's up to user whether to enable this feature (by setting REFERENCE_WORLD_SIZE).
Returns
CfgNode – a new config. Same as original if cfg.SOLVER.REFERENCE_WORLD_SIZE==0.
property data_loader
property model
property optimizer
detectron2.engine.hooks module
class detectron2.engine.hooks.CallbackHook(*, before_train=None, after_train=None, before_step=None, after_step=None)[source]
Bases: detectron2.engine.train_loop.HookBase
Create a hook using callback functions provided by the user.
__init__(*, before_train=None, after_train=None, before_step=None, after_step=None)[source]
Each argument is a function that takes one argument: the trainer.
before_train()[source]
after_train()[source]
before_step()[source]
after_step()[source]
class detectron2.engine.hooks.IterationTimer(warmup_iter=3)[source]
Bases: detectron2.engine.train_loop.HookBase
Track the time spent for each iteration (each run_step call in the trainer). Print a summary in the end of training.
This hook uses the time between the call to its before_step() and after_step() methods. Under the convention that before_step() of all hooks should only take negligible amount of time, the IterationTimer hook should be placed at the beginning of the list of hooks to obtain accurate timing.
__init__(warmup_iter=3)[


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Each contact can be assigned attributes, called contact fields, that hold values such as their names, phone numbers, and any other individual information you want to include. Contact fields are divided into two types, default fields and custom fields, and they can hold three types of values: text, numeric, or date & time. When a contact field is created, the default value is null unless the field is imported from a spreadsheet with a pre-existing value or updated when a contact reaches an Update the Contact action in a workflow.
Default fields include the contact's name, addresses, and groups:
Custom fields are created by you. Click here to learn how.
Contact fields can be added within the contacts tab using the method described below, or by interacting with a flow using the Update the contact action.
To add a contact field:
1. Navigate to the contacts tab and click the "Manage Fields" button:
2. Type the name the contact field you want to add in an empty box.
3. Select the type of value this field will hold (Text, Numeric, or Date & Time).
Once you've added a contact field, you can refer to its value using the variable _USER_.[field_name]. For example, the "Work Email" contact field in the tutorial below can be referenced using _USER_.work_email. Click here to learn more about using variables.
Updating Field Values
To change the value of a recently-created contact field, you can update it using the Update the contact action or by editing a contact field value via the contacts tab. For example, when a new phone number sends a message to a channel connected to your account, a new contact will be created with a null Name value and null values for each contact field you've added. The new contact will only be identifiable by their phone number until their other field values are updated.


Ancylostoma
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Ancylostoma
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Nematoda
Class: Chromadorea
Order: Rhabditida
Suborder: Strongylida
Superfamily: Ancylostomatoidea
Family: Ancylostomatidae
Genus: Ancylostoma
Dubini, 1843
Ancylostoma is a genus that includes some species of hookworm.
Species include:
Ancylostoma braziliense, commonly infects cats, popularly known in Brazil as "bicho-geográfico"
Ancylostoma caninum, commonly infects dogs
Ancylostoma ceylanicum
Ancylostoma duodenale
Ancylostoma pluridentatum, commonly infects sylvatic cats
Ancylostoma tubaeforme, infects cats along with other hosts
See also[edit]
External links[edit]


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Canadian Forest Service Publications
Why seedlings grow: influence of plant attributes. 2018. Grossnickle, S.C.; MacDonald, J.E. New Forests 49: 1-34.
Issued by: Atlantic Forestry Centre
Catalog ID: 39577
CFS Availability: PDF (download)
Available from the Journal's Web site. †
† This site may require a fee
Successful forest restoration requires planting quality seedlings with optimal growth potential. Thus, nurseries need to produce seedlings with plant attributes that favor the best chance of successful establishment once they are field planted. From the midtwentieth century on, research foresters have critically examined plant attributes that confer improved seedling growth under various restoration site conditions. This review examines the value of commonly measured seedling quality attributes (i.e., height, diameter, root mass, shoot-to-root ratio, drought resistance, freezing tolerance, nutrient status, root growth potential, and root electrolyte leakage) that have been recognized as important in explaining why seedlings with improved attributes have better growth after planting. Seedlings with plant attributes that fall within the appropriate range of values can increase the speed with which they overcome planting stress, initiate growth, and become ''coupled'' to the forest restoration site, thereby ensuring successful seedling establishment. Although planting high quality seedlings does not guarantee successful seedling establishment, it increases chances for successful establishment and growth.
Plain Language Summary
After industrial or natural disturbances, forests may not sufficiently regenerate themselves without help from forest restoration activities. Successful forest restoration requires planting quality seedlings that possess optimal growth potential. Nurseries can produce seedlings with attributes that endow the best chances for successful establishment and good growth after planting on restoration sites if clients are willing to pay for crop inputs. Since the mid-20th century, research foresters have critically examined such attributes and published their results. Here, we review over 350 articles on seedling attributes, which have been recognized as important in answering the question why seedlings grow after planting. Appropriate ranges of these attributes can increase the speed with which seedlings overcome planting stress and become 'coupled' to the forest restoration site, thereby ensuring successful establishment and growth. Although planting seedlings with these attributes does not guarantee restoration success, planting seedlings with these attributes increases the chances for this outcome. If restoration practitioners take this knowledge into consideration and order quality seedlings, then management objectives for a restored area could be reached sooner.


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GeotechHarvest has been supplying Geo-tech for erosion monitoring and alarms since 2011.
We use a range of sensors to detect earth movement, ground water level, current weather conditions and rockfall based on your requirements, alarms triggered from a combination of sensors can then be used to make important decisions which can prevent asset loss or contribute to safety of life.
Harvest makes tilt (inclinometer) and displacement (movement) sensors for geotech monitoring of landslips, rockfalls, ground movements, deep-seated slope failures, mudflows and surface cracks.
After the massive 7.8 magnitude Kaikoura earthquake in 2016 Harvest Electronics were commissioned to monitor the landslips which had blocked the road and rail network for 50km (30 miles). The cliff faces adjacent to the road and rail were unstable so 50 base monitors and over 100 sensors were deployed to detect pending and actual landslips and rockfalls and send alerts during the three year rebuild to protect the workers and to prevent any trains from crashing into a new landslip.
The wireless tilt (inclinometer) sensors continuously monitor the angle and send instant alerts up to 500m to the base unit if the preset angle delta is exceeded. The displacement sensors use stainless steel draw wire sensors (string pots) to continuously monitor movement to better than 1mm. The sensors can be directly connected to a base unit or be installed up to 2km from the base unit using a Harvest XLR radio.
Contact us for more information on our landslip monitoring solutions.


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Original Austro-Hungarian Empire WW1 Wound Medal - Karl IV. (Verwundetenmedaille) for one wound (one stripe on the ribbon), IN VERY GOOD CONDITION, ON GENUINE TRIFOLD RIBBON, A NICE DETAILED EXAMPLE
HISTORY OF THE AWARD:
Wound Medal (Verwundetenmedaille, Croatian: Ranjenička medalja) was a decoration of the Empire of Austria-Hungary. It was established on August 12, 1917 by Emperor Karl and was the last medal to be officially founded in the empire. The Wound Medal was awarded to servicemembers of the Austro-Hungarian armed forces and to persons attached to the Austro-Hungarian armed forces who were wounded as a result of combat operations. Besides wounded persons, it was also awarded to persons who were disabled or suffered serious damage to their health in connection with military actions. The medal was made of zinc, and measured 38-mm in diameter. The zinc surface was dull gray, but examples with a polished surface often appear. The obverse of the medal featured a bust of Emperor Karl with his name in Latin "CAROLUS" above and a wreath of laurels below. Between the bust and the laurels in smaller letters was the name of the designer of the medal, K. Pracht. The reverse featured the words LAESO MILITI ("to the wounded soldier") and the date in Roman numerals "MCMXVIII" (1918). The medal was suspended from a typical Austrian-style trifold ribbon, 39-mm in width. The ribbon was gray-green with 4-mm wide red edge stripes. The number of wounds was indicated by narrower 2-mm wide red stripes, edged in black, centered on the ribbon. No stripes indicated an award for someone invalided out of service. One stripe indicated a single wound, two stripes two wounds, etc.


Top Tips To Read A Dial Bore Gage
Dial Bore Gage
A dial bore gage is an instrument that measures the inner diameter of small holes. Bore gages are critical when it comes to measuring parts that have small holes in them. Typically, these versatile instruments are used as part of a quality control process to ensure that bore sizes are standardized. The dial bore gage is usually calibrated in 0.001 inches and consists of a shaft with a dial indicator situated at the top. The instrument also has an actuating plunger and the readings that it gives are usually compared to standardized measurements for analysis.
How They Work
Dial bore gages have a contact needle that lies in the head of the dial gage. When the instrument is moved (such as when taking measurements), the needle moves and transfers data to the readout or dial. Dial bore gages also have an interchangeable end that helps to set the nominal size. Dial gage operators have to set the gage to its nominal value before commencing any measurements. Here then are some tips on how to read a dial bore gage when taking measurements of a bore or cylinder.
How to Take Accurate Measurements
When taking measurements, you start by placing the bore gage in the micrometer and rotate the dial till the pointer is aligned to the zero marking on the dial face. One then places the dial gauge in the hole or cylinder being measured. One must take special care to ensure that the anvils on the instruments touch the sides of the hole or cylinder. Once this is done, the instrument operator then rocks the gage back and forth ensuring that the anvils do not lose contact with the walls of the cylinder. When this is done, the pointer will swing counterclockwise or clockwise. After a while, the pointer will start to move in the opposite direction toward zero. The machinist then records the precise measurement when the pointer starts heading towards zero.
Calculating the Measurements
This is done by simply taking the measurement at the point when the needle started to reverse itself and subtracting (or adding) the measurement the instrument is calibrated to. For example, let us assume that the instrument was calibrated to 2 inches and the instrument needle changed direction at 0.007 clockwise. The measurement of the bore in question would thus be 2.007. This is because when the needle moves clockwise, you add the two numbers. Alternatively, if it had moved anti-clockwise, we would have subtracted 0.007 from 2 inches to give us 1.993.
Advantages of Dial Bore Gages
Dial bore gages are popular with quality control operators because they are highly portable and easy to use. They also have very few moving parts and thus far less prone to breaking down than most other precision instruments. Dial bore gages also do not require sophisticated knowledge of instruments and therefore can be handled by line workers on the shop floor without much prior training.
For the best in precision instruments, get in touch with Willrich Precision. We have over 45 years of experience in delivering gaging and metrology type products to customers all over the United States.
Top Mistakes To Avoid When Using Thread Gauges
thread gauges
Thread gauges are used for a wide variety of industrial operations and can be considered as equipment that is essential. As an owner of a thread gage, it is important to note that maintenance is necessary in prolonging its lifespan and productivity. However, it is very common for serious mistakes to be made when using this type of gage that can affect the efficiency and condition of the equipment. Ensuring that you avoid these mistakes can help you to prevent any malfunctions of your thread gage. Here at Willrich Precision Instruments, we provide a wide variety of different precision instruments that are made with the finest materials and guaranteed to withstand the test of time.
Exposure to Temperature Extremes when Storing Your Thread Gauges
Obviously, as a precision instrument, the most important thing to maintain in a thread gage is its precision. These gauges are made using metals that can be sensitive to temperature and can either expand or contract depending on the extremes. This change in size of the thread gage can compromise the precision of the thread gage. Thus, you should only store your gauges in a storage area that is not affected by the extreme temperatures as the result of the climate. Additionally, make your best effort to store your gauges in a place where there is as little humidity as possible in order to prevent rust from ruining the quality of its performance.
Allowing Your Thread Gauges to Become Dirty
The dirt that gets trapped in between the parts of your thread gage can negatively affect its functionality and can decrease the precision of the instrument. Therefore, it makes sense to schedule regular cleaning of your thread gage so that proper maintenance of the parts is carried out. Additionally, in the industrial environment, workers' hands can become contaminated with oil or other substances that can affect the performance of the gauges as well. As such, thread gage operators should be trained to clean their hands before touching the gauges so as to prolong the life and increase the efficiency.
Failing to Lubricate Your Thread Gauges Adequately
Lubricating your thread gage is essential in preventing any corrosion of the parts. This also ensures that the entire system works seamlessly. What you can use for lubricating your thread gage includes oil-based easy-peel wax coatings.
Not Keeping Track of the Accuracy of Your Thread Gauges
It is inevitable and only natural that your gauges become less accurate over time. This would require you to regularly recalibrate the thread gage and document the changes of its accuracy. Ensure that the dates which you carry out the recalibration are documented properly and that the schedule is in line with the recommendations of the manufacturer.
Not Training Your Thread Gage Operators
The easiest way to make sure that your thread gauges are treated and used in the right way is to give your employees who operate the thread gauges proper training. The training should encompass how to use the equipment and also how to engage in proper maintenance so that it can stay efficient for years to come.
Whenever you have new employees, it is always wise to give them proper training as to what the right storage methods and maintenance procedures are. Be sure to hand out manufacturer manuals so that they can learn how to avoid malfunctions and engage in proper safety procedures as well.
Choosing The Right Hardness Tester For Your Needs
hardness tester
Hardness testers are essentially devices that can accurately tell you the hardness of a certain material. This is done by taking into account the effect that an indenter (usually made from hard steel or diamond) has on the surface of the material. The depth of the penetration into the material is measured and from this the hardness can be taken. Here at Willrich Precision Instrument, we understand the difficulties one might face when choosing a hardness tester because of how many different types, brands and models there are in the current market. We specialize in hardness testers and other high-quality metrology instruments that can suit the industrial needs of all our clients.
The Different Kinds of Hardness Testers
In the current market, there are two main types of hardness testers. They can either be bench hardness testers, also known as stationary or classical hardness testers. On the other hand, they can be portable hardness testers, more commonly known as mobile or electronic hardness testers.
Bench Hardness Testers
As the name suggests, this is a very classic hardness tester that can measure the hardness of materials using traditional methods such as Brinell, Vickery or Rockwell. Usually, when you are looking for a hardness tester that uses the Vickery method for example, it will be called a "Vickery bench hardness tester". As the word "bench" suggests, there are also some bench top hardness testers in the market that can allow the user to measure the hardness by a few different hardness scales. There are actually some hardness testers that can measure with a combination of scales. All bench top units are big in size and can be very heavy, with some models being over 50 kilograms. They have to be mounted on a table or the floor, which allows for easy measurements using the direct method.
Portable Hardness Testers
In contrast to the bench hardness testers as mentioned above, portable hardness testers are obviously much smaller in size. They are also much lighter in weight. Additionally, being much more compact than bench hardness testers, they can measure the hardness of your materials with some scale violence. There are several advantages to using portable hardness testers. For example, you can bring the device with you easily from home to the workshop to measure the materials that you want to test.
Portable Hardness Measuring Instruments
These are also portable like the testers, but the main difference is that they are electronic devices. What this means is that there is usually a larger range of features that you might not get with an analog device. For example, you will be able to save the results on the device's internal memory. This would greatly increase the convenience for users because the measurement results can then be transferred to a computer so that reports can be created. The reports can be created using specialized ARM control programs that are more common in portable hardness testers. However, there are very rare cases where some tests can only be carried out by bench hardness testers. In all other cases, portable hardness testers work just fine.
Why Hardness Testing Is Essential
The hardness of a material is its inherent property that allows it to withstand abrasion, bending, scratching, cutting or deformation. If your day to day work involves materials manufacturing, you are most likely aware of the importance of a hardness test in allowing you to evaluate the products received from external suppliers and also, the production process of internally manufactured


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Environmental health toolkits and resources
The air we breathe, the water we drink, and other factors of our environment affect our health and well being on a daily basis. When our air is fouled or water polluted, low income communities and communities of color face the worst exposures, and often don't have access to the preventative measures or treatments that can help to save lives.
In an effort to educate religious communities about environmental health issues, and promote action in this area, GreenFaith is creating a series of toolkits on various environmental health topics:
Download Breath is Life, GreenFaith's Asthma Toolkit. Designed with African American churches in mind, this toolkit provides prayers that can be used to pastor people afflicted by asthma, educational activities for adults and children, and handouts to help members understand the topic and make changes in their lives to be healthier.


text:
Exclusive Content & Downloads from ASQ
Is E-Learning a Tool of the Present or a Fantasy for the Future?
Summary: Elliott Masie, internationally recognized speaker, futurist, humorist, and author on the topics of technology, business, learning, and workplace productivity, shares his thoughts on the concept of e-learning. Masie discusses e-learning trends and issues prevalent at the end of 2001, the impact of the September 11 terrorist attacks and ensuing economic downturn, and critical updates and predictions for the future. Sidebar articles provide information on Elliott Masie and the MASIE Center.
- Keywords: Computer-based training (CBT),Future Outlook,Organizational culture,Learning styles
- Author: Masie, Elliott
- Journal: Journal for Quality and Participation


Rectal and brain temperatures in ethanol intoxicated mice
M. Bejanian, D. A. Finn, P. J. Syapin, R. L. Alkana
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
5 Scopus citations
Abstract
The present study tested the assumption that deep rectal temperature reflects brain temperature in ethanol-intoxicated mice exposed to a range of ambient temperatures. Adult C57BL/6J mice were injected IP with one of three hypnotic doses of ethanol (3.2, 3.6, or 4.0 g/kg, 20% w/v) or with normal saline and were exposed to ambient temperatures of 15, 22, 32, or 34° C. Thirty minutes post-injection, the mice were killed by cervical dislocation, decapitated and their rectal and brain temperatures were recorded simultaneously. Rectal and brain temperatures in the intoxicated mice increased significantly as the ambient temperature increased and were highly correlated and linearly related with each other. Although correlated, brain and rectal temperatures in these mice did not change in parallel, with brain temperatures increasing less rapidly than rectal temperatures. Additional studies indicated that similar relationships (correlated, but non-parallel) exist between the brain and rectal temperatures at 60, 120, and 180 min after injection of 3.6 g/kg ethanol. These findings suggest that rectal temperature can be used to quantify brain temperature in intoxicated mice, and extend to intoxicated animals evidence that brain temperature is controlled independently from rectal temperature.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)301-307
Number of pages7
JournalPsychopharmacology
Volume92
Issue number3
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 1987
Keywords
 - Ambient temperature challenge
 - Brain temperature
 - Drinking alcohol
 - Ethyl alcohol
 - Mice
 - Rectal temperature
ASJC Scopus subject areas
 - Pharmacology
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Rectal and brain temperatures in ethanol intoxicated mice'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this


text:
Inida NOGA, Edmond ÇERA, Teuta MUSARAJ
Abstract Governments finance their budget deficit, import-export gap, and "feed" growth using debt. There are many reasons why to study debt, but the most important question addressed here is what we know about debt and what is the current situation related to the Albanian debt. Debt has multi-links through macroeconomic components of an economy. Albania seems that will have difficulties in the near future because its debt-to-GDP ratio has already exceeded the 60% level. This emphasises the need to observe the debt. We focus in literature review trying to sort out some answers. There are many questions refer to debt and many ways how researchers try to get the answers. Few studies for Albanian case are found.
Keywords government debt, Albanian debt, literature review
JEL classification F34, H64
PDF format below


text:
Check out our Summer 2020 Branchlines, Volume 31. This edition looks at Wildfires during COVID-19, biosurveillance, and using satellite images to detect fire patterns. Want to learn more? Read on!
June 18, 2020 Author: UBC Forestry
Posted in: Branchlines
Why is soil design and management integral to forestry? What can be done about the human-wildlife conflict in Sri Lanka? What is bioculture, and why is it integral to urban forestry? Find the answers in Branchlines Summer 2019.Read More Summer 2019
Summer 2021 Research Student Positions
The Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations in Williams Lake has three Research Student positions available from approx. May 3 to September 3, 2021 (18 weeks).Salary: Bi-weekly (70 hours) STO13 $1832.71 ($26.18/hr) Interests and Qualifications:The candidate must be interested in research and have the patience to produce quality work. Knowledge of GPS, tablets…Read More Summer 2021 Research Student Positions
Summer Research Assistant Positions, Ecology and Fish Biology
Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations, and Rural Development, Coast Area (out of West Coast Region, Nanaimo) is anticipating hiring summer research assistants. More information including how to apply can be found in the PDF attached below:Read More Summer Research Assistant Positions, Ecology and Fish Biology


but the understanding of hypothermia-induced neuroprotection remains incomplete. In general, global protein synthesis is attenuated by hypothermia, but a small group of RNA-binding proteins including the RNA-binding motif 3 (RBM3 is upregulated in response to cooling. The aim of this study was to establish an in vitro model to investigate the effects of hypoxia and hypothermia on neuronal cell survival, as well as to examine the kinetics of concurrent cold-shock protein RBM3 gene expression. Methods: Experiments were performed by using human SK-N-SH neurons exposed to different oxygen concentrations (21%, 8%, or 0.2% O2 for 24 hours followed by moderate hypothermia (33.5°C or normothermia for 24, 48, or 72 hours. Cell death was determined by quantification of lactate dehydrogenase and neuron-specific enolase releases into the cell cultured medium, and cell morphology was assessed by using immunofluorescence staining. The regulation of RBM3 gene expression was assessed by reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis.Results: Exposure to hypoxia (0.2% O2 for 24 hours resulted in significantly increased cell death in SK-N-SH neurons, whereas exposure to 8% O2 had no significant impact on cell viability. Post-hypoxia treatment with
 17. High-affinity DNA-binding Domains of Replication Protein A (RPA) Direct SMARCAL1-dependent Replication Fork Remodeling*
 Science.gov (United States)
 Bhat, Kamakoti P.; Bétous, Rémy; Cortez, David
 2015-01-01
 SMARCAL1 catalyzes replication fork remodeling to maintain genome stability. It is recruited to replication forks via an interaction with replication protein A (RPA), the major ssDNA-binding protein in eukaryotic cells. In addition to directing its localization, RPA also activates SMARCAL1 on some fork substrates but inhibits it on others, thereby conferring substrate specificity to SMARCAL1 fork-remodeling reactions. We investigated the mechanism by which RPA regulates SMARCAL1. Our results indicate that although an interaction between SMARCAL1 and RPA is essential for SMARCAL1 activation, the location of the interacting surface on RPA is not. Counterintuitively, high-affinity DNA binding of RPA DNA-binding domain (DBD) A and DBD-B near the fork junction makes it easier for SMARCAL1 to remodel the fork, which requires removing RPA. We also found that RPA DBD-C and DBD-D are not required for SMARCAL1 regulation. Thus, the orientation of the high-affinity RPA DBDs at forks dictates SMARCAL1 substrate specificity. PMID:25552480
 18. High-affinity DNA-binding domains of replication protein A (RPA) direct SMARCAL1-dependent replication fork remodeling.
 Science.gov (United States)
 Bhat, Kamakoti P; Bétous, Rémy; Cortez, David
 2015-02-13
 SMARCAL1 catalyzes replication fork remodeling to maintain genome stability. It is recruited to replication forks via an interaction with replication protein A (RPA), the major ssDNA-binding protein in eukaryotic cells. In addition to directing its localization, RPA also activates SMARCAL1 on some fork substrates but inhibits it on others, thereby conferring substrate specificity to SMARCAL1 fork-remodeling reactions. We investigated the mechanism by which RPA regulates SMARCAL1. Our results indicate that although an interaction between SMARCAL1 and RPA is essential for SMARCAL1 activation, the location of the interacting surface on RPA is not. Counterintuitively, high-affinity DNA binding of RPA DNA-binding domain (DBD) A and DBD-B near the fork junction makes it easier for SMARCAL1 to remodel the fork, which requires removing RPA. We also found that RPA DBD-C and DBD-D are not required for SMARCAL1 regulation. Thus, the orientation of the high-affinity RPA DBDs at forks dictates SMARCAL1 substrate specificity. © 2015 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
 19. GTP-binding proteins in rat liver nuclear envelopes
 International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
 Rubins, J.B.; Benditt, J.O.; Dickey, B.F.; Riedel, N.
 1990-01-01
 Nuclear transport as well as reassembly of the nuclear envelope (NE) after completion of mitosis are processes that have been shown to require GTP and ATP. To study the presence and localization of GTP-binding proteins in the NE, we have combined complementary techniques of [alpha-32P]GTP binding to Western-blotted proteins and UV crosslinking of [alpha-32P]GTP with well-established procedures for NE subfractionation. GTP binding to blotted NE proteins revealed five low molecular mass GTP-binding proteins of 26, 25, 24.5, 24, and 23 kDa, and [alpha-32P]GTP photoaffinity labeling revealed major proteins with apparent molecular masses of 140, 53, 47, 33, and 31 kDa. All GTP-binding proteins appear to localize preferentially to the inner nuclear membrane, possibly to the interface between inner nuclear membrane and lamina. Despite the evolutionary conservation between the NE and the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the GTP-binding proteins identified differed between these two compartments. Most notably, the 68- and 30-kDa GTP-binding subunits of the signal recognition particle receptor, which photolabeled with [alpha-32P]GTP in the rough endoplasmic reticulum fraction, were totally excluded from the NE fraction. Conversely, a major 53-kDa photolabeled protein in the NE was absent from rough endoplasmic reticulum. Whereas Western-blotted NE proteins bound GTP specifically, all [alpha-32P]GTP photolabeled proteins could be blocked by competition with ATP, although with a competition profile that differed from that obtained with GTP. In comparative crosslinking studies with [alpha-32P]ATP, we have identified three specific ATP-binding proteins with molecular masses of 160, 78, and 74 kDa. The localization of GTP- and ATP-binding proteins within the NE appears appropriate for their involvement in nuclear transport and in the GTP-dependent fusion of nuclear membranes
 20. Cobalamin and its binding protein in rat milk
 DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
 Raaberg, Lasse; Nexø, Ebba; Poulsen, Steen Seier
 1989-01-01
 Cobalamin and its binding protein, haptocorrin, are present in rat milk throughout the lactation period. The concentration of cobalamin is approximately 0.3-times the concentration of the unsaturated binding protein. The concentration of the unsaturated cobalamin-binding protein varies between 18...
 1. Characterization of fatty acid binding by the P2 myelin protein
 International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
 Gudaitis, P.G.; Weise, M.J.
 1987-01-01
 In recent years, significant sequence homology has been found between the P2 protein of peripheral myelin and intracellular retinoid- and fatty acid-binding proteins. They have found that salt extracts of bovine intradural nerve roots contain the P2 basic protein in association with free fatty acid. Preliminary results from quantitative analyses showed a ratio of 0.4-1.1 fatty acid (mainly oleate and palmitate) per P2 molecule. P2/ligand interactions were partially characterized using ( 3 H)-oleate in gel permeation assays and binding studies using lipidex to separated bound and free fatty acid. Methyloleate was found to displace ( 3 H)-oleate from P2, indicating that ligand binding interactions are predominantly hydrophobic in nature. On the other hand, myristic acid and retinol did not inhibit the binding of oleate to the protein, results consistent with a decided affinity for long chain fatty acids but not for the retinoids. The binding between P2 and oleic acid showed an apparent Kd in the micromolar range, a value comparable to those found for other fatty acid-binding proteins. From these results they conclude that P2 shares not only structural homology with certain fatty acid binding proteins but also an ability to bind long chain fatty acids. Although the significance of these similarities is not yet clear, they may, by analogy, expect P2 to have a role in PNS lipid metabolism
 2. The L-L oligomerization domain resides at the very N-terminus of the sendai virus L RNA polymerase protein
 International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
 Cevik, Bayram; Smallwood, Sherin; Moyer, Sue A.
 2003-01-01
 The Sendai virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is composed of the L and P proteins. We previously showed that the L protein gives intragenic complementation


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Impact Dynamics of Granular Jets with Noncircular Cross Sections
When a collimated stream, or jet, impacts a target, the
resulting spreading profile contains the signature of interactions among
the constituent particles, whether they are sub-atomic particles, molecules in
a liquid, or grains in a granular material. At the Chicago MRSEC, Jaeger,
Nagel, and Zhang investigated the impact of granular jets with noncircular
cross-sections, mimicking off-center collisions of subatomic particle beams.
Our results demonstrate how liquid-like behavior and collective hydrodynamic
flow emerge from strongly interacting discrete particles. These findings
resemble those from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, where similar anisotropic
ejecta from a quark-gluon plasma have been observed in heavy-ion impact and
where the degree of anisotropy can similarly be controlled by the jet aspect


text:
Disposition of Cremation Ash
Religious offerings in our RIVERS
Hindus believe that water is sacred because it is the foundation for the growth of plant, animal and human life. The act of placing organic offerings in water after Pooja represents a return to origins. Hindu religious offerings are being found in local rivers in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA).
The religious offerings include: Flowers and leaves, coconuts, lemons, and other fruits, jewellery or coins, cloth or clothing
Credit Valley Conservation (CVC) and Toronto and Region Conservation (TRCA) know that religious offerings are important to many cultures. CVC and TRCA are working closely with the Hindu community to find other means to placing offerings in the river, while also exploring similar cultural and religious offering practices.
What does this mean to the ENVIRONMENT?
While religious offerings are not the largest source of water pollution, anything not found naturally in the river can harm water quality and the homes of wildlife.
When flowers, leaves, lemons, coconuts and other plant materials are put into the water, they immediately begin to break down and use up oxygen. Some plants and animals are very sensitive to the amount of oxygen in the water and cannot survive when there is not enough.
Coconuts, lemons and other fruits may cause health and disease problems if eaten by wildlife. This is because these fruits do not grow in Canada and are not the typical food that wildlife in this country would eat.
Clothing, jewellery, money, plastic bags, containers and wrappers may cause harm if wildlife get caught in them or eat them.
What can I do?
Flowers and leaves may be placed in local rivers, however only a small handful should be release a t one time. Extra flowers can be composted.
Fruits such as coconuts may be eaten, composted or buried with the permission of the landowner.
Offering such as clothing, jewellery or money should not be placed in or near rivers. These offering may be donated to your local temple.
Plastic bags or wrappers must be recycled or placed in the garbage.
Who do I contact for more information?


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Advanced Python field calculator is one of the numerous tools in Sextante for QGIS. It's extremely powerful but it doesn't use the syntax of QGIS' default field calculator (the one you can access via attribute table). Therefore, here comes a short introduction:
If you want to reproduce this example, I used a dataset of town areas from the new open government data site of Lower Austria.
The upper half of the Advanced Python field calculator is rather self-explanatory but the lower half is where it gets interesting: Code in the global expression section will be executed only once before the calculator starts iterating through all the features of the input layer. Therefore, this is the correct place to import necessary modules or to calculate variables that will be used in subsequent calculations. Code in the formula section will be evaluated for each feature in the input layer. As shown in the following example, this is where we can calculate new values, e.g. the area of the polygons in km²:
As you can see, the feature geometry can be accessed using
If you want to access an existing attribute, that's possible using
Anyway, this is the resulting layer's attribute table including the new areaKM2 field:
Thanks to Victor for pointing me to the documentation of FieldPyculator which Advanced Python field calculator is based on.


text:
Level A1 - Practice Cards - Adding Interrogative Words to Questions
Practice adding question words to questions formed with est-ce que and inversion
Level A1: 100 Practice Cards - Adding Interrogative Words to Questions
This is a set of 100 cards for practicing forming French questions using est-ce que and inversion. All of the cards prompt you to transform a sentence into a question using an interrogative word: qui, que, quand, où, comment, pourquoi, à quelle heure, combien de, de quoi, avec qui, à qui.
All of the cards are written in the present tense, and some include negation. Here are the verbs used in this set of practice cards: aimer, préférer, aller, commencer, apprendre, regarder, acheter, avoir, partir, faire, manger, finir, vouloir, parler, étudier, savoir, déjeuner, adorer, travailler, appeler, être, prendre, donner, arriver, et ranger.
- 100 practice cards
- Answer key
This French resource is included in my money saving FRENCH COURSE FOR SELF-LEARNERS.
Jennifer is originally from Louisiana, and has been teaching French for over 20 years. She has been living in France with her husband and children since 2013, and continues to teach French both online and locally. She completed a BA in French and English, and taught French and moved to France for a year before completing an MA degree in French literature and language. While living in the US, she taught French for 15 years at Saint Louis University High School, a Jesuit college preparatory school for young men.


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A real form of a Hopf algebra $H$ over $\mathbb{C}$ is defined to be a $\ast$-structure on $H$ which is compatible with the coproduct. Compatibility of the $\ast$-structure with the counit and antipode then follows.
The real forms of the Drinfeld-Jimbo quantum groups $U_q(\mathfrak{g})$ have been classified. This result is stated as Theorem 20 in Chapter 6 of Quantum Groups and their Representations, by Klimyk and Schmudgen, and also Proposition 9.4.2 of A Guide to Quantum Groups, by Chari and Pressley.
For a given $\mathfrak{g}$, there are $\ast$-structures when $q \in \mathbb{R}$ or when $|q|=1$. These $\ast$-structures depend on a diagram automorphism of the Dynkin diagram of $\mathfrak{g}$, plus some extra parameters, and it is understood which sets of parameters give equivalent $\ast$-structures.
There is also an exceptional case, but the two sources I have cited differ on what the exceptional case is. Klimyk and Schmudgen say that the exceptional case is when $\mathfrak{g} = \mathfrak{sp}_{2n}$ and $q \in i \mathbb{R}$, while Chari and Pressley say that the exceptional case is $\mathfrak{g} = \mathfrak{so}_{2n+1}$ and $q \in i \mathbb{R}$.
Neither book contains a proof, nor cites a source, although Chari-Pressley gives a sketch of the idea of the proof. So I would be interested in knowing the following things:
 1. Which is correct?
 2. What is the original reference for the classification of the real forms of $U_q(\mathfrak{g})$?
To set the record straight
It appears that the paper Real forms of $U_q(\mathfrak{g})$, by Eric Twietmeyer, is the original reference. According to that paper, it is $\mathfrak{sp}_{2n}$ that has real forms for $q \in i \mathbb{R}$.
Many thanks to Uwe Franz for digging up that reference!
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
up vote 3 down vote accepted
Two references I recall are
E. Twietmeyer, Real forms of Uq (g), Lett. Math. Phys. 24, 49-58, 1992.
V. Lyubashenko, Real and imaginary forms of quantum groups, Lecture Notes in Math. 1510, 1992, pp 67-78.
share|improve this answer
Thanks, Uwe! The paper by Twietmeyer was exactly what I was looking for. – MTS Feb 26 '13 at 18:03
Your Answer


Reiniging, desinfectie en sterilisatie (herbruikbare) medische hulpmiddelen - Module 5 Evidence-tabel
Evidence table for intervention studies (randomized controlled trials and non-randomized observational studies [cohort studies, case-control studies, case series])1
Study reference
Study characteristics
Patient characteristics 2
Intervention (I)
Comparison /control (C) 3

Follow-up
Outcome measures and effect size 4
Comments
Gold, 2013
Type of study: observational study
Setting and country: United states
Funding and conflicts of interest:
The authors have no conflicts of interest and received funding though the
US Department of Energy and the US Food and Drug Administration.
Inclusion criteria:
Liquid aliquots of the coagulated blood or bacteria were dried onto the surface of the device and removed with the wipes. There are no specific inclusion criteria.
Exclusion criteria:
None

N total at baseline:
N= 60 (10 trials using six different wipes)
Important prognostic factors2:
Not applicable
Groups comparable at baseline?
yes
Describe intervention (treatment/procedure/test):
Six commercially available disinfectant cleaning wipes were evaluated for their effectiveness to remove a coagulated blood test soil from the surface of a reusable medical device.

Describe control (treatment/procedure/test):
Six commercially available disinfectant cleaning wipes were evaluated for their effectiveness to remove Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria from the surface of a reusable medical device.

Length of follow-up:
Not applicable
Loss-to-follow-up:
Not applicable
Incomplete outcome data:
Not described. Unclear if there was incomplete outcome data due to failed experiments.

Outcome measures and effect size (include 95%CI and p-value if available):
Wipe 1
RLU Relative Light Unit (Relative Light Unit): 4.11 + 2.00
CFU: 1.21%
Wipe 2
RLU: 1.56 + 1.09
CFU: 0.98%
Wipe 3
RLU: 5.22 + 2.72
CFU: 1.31%
Wipe 4
RLU: 12.00 + 2.59
CFU: 1.92%
Wipe 5
RLU: 9.44 + 3.19
CFU: 1.69%
Wipe 6
RLU: 12.00 + 3.02
CFU: 1.92%
The authors conclude that the active ingredient, wipe design, and wipe wetness are important factors to consider when selecting a disinfectant cleaning wipe.
Gonzales, 2015
Type of study: observational study
Setting and country: United states
Funding and conflicts of interest:
The authors have no conflicts of interest and received funding through the US Department of Energy and the US Food and Drug Administration.
Inclusion criteria:
An anesthesia machine and objects representative of smooth and ridged machine knobs were contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus atrophaeus spores, and Clostridium sporogenes spores. There are no specific inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria:
None
N total at baseline:
N= 45
Important prognostic factors2:
Not applicable
Groups comparable at baseline?
yes
Describe intervention (treatment/procedure/test):
The ability of 5 commercially available cleaning-disinfecting wipes to remove bacteria
Describe control
The ability of with gauze soaked with water or bleach to remove bacteria.
Length of follow-up:
Not applicable
Loss-to-follow-up:
Not applicable
Incomplete outcome data:
Not described. Unclear if there was incomplete outcome data due to failed experiments.
Outcome measures and effect size (include 95%CI and p-value if available):
Authors reported that commercial wipes performed equally well as a gauze with water but do not report comparative data to a gauze with bleach. Due to an absence of data published, it was impossible to quantify the difference in performance between commercial wipes and a gauze with bleach. No raw data was reported
The authors conclude that physically removing bacteria from device surfaces with water was often as effective as the cleaning-disinfecting wipes. Of the wipe active ingredients evaluated, sodium hypochlorite was the most effective overall. The wetness of the wipes may also play a role in their effectiveness.
1. Prognostic balance between treatment groups is usually guaranteed in randomized studies, but non-randomized (observational) studies require matching of patients between treatment groups (case-control studies) or multivariate adjustment for prognostic factors (confounders) (cohort studies); the evidence table should contain sufficient details on these procedures.
2. Provide data per treatment group on the most important prognostic factors [(potential) confounders].
3. For case-control studies, provide sufficient detail on the procedure used to match cases and controls.
4. For cohort studies, provide sufficient detail on the (multivariate) analyses used to adjust for (potential) confounders.


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How to Open a Jammed Freezer Drawer?
To open a jammed freezer drawer, start by wiggling the handle to check for any obstructions that may be causing it to stick.
If that doesn't work, unplug the freezer and wait for about an hour to allow it to thaw.
Be cautious to not damage the freezer while attempting to open the drawer.
If the door or drawer is still stuck after thawing, there may be a problem with the freezer itself and it's advisable to call a repairman.
Possible issues with the freezer door or drawer include a faulty gasket, hinges, latch, closure cams, or gears.
A faulty gasket can cause frost to build up, and it can be easily replaced by ordering a new one and installing it correctly.
It's essential to avoid overfilling the freezer to maintain proper air circulation and leave at least half of it full.
Check for old or spoiled food and dispose of it to create more space.
If unsure about the safety of the food, it's best to discard it.
Lastly, if the freezer door opens on its own, it may be due to a faulty gasket or latch, issues with hinges or closure cams, overfilling, or the freezer not being level.
Freezer drawers can be replaced, but they must be the same model and size.
- Wiggle the handle to check for obstructions causing the freezer drawer to stick
- If the handle wiggling doesn't work, unplug the freezer and let it thaw for about an hour
- Be careful not to damage the freezer while trying to open the drawer
- If the door or drawer is still stuck after thawing, call a repairman
- Possible issues with the freezer door or drawer include faulty gasket, hinges, latch, closure cams, or gears
- Faulty gaskets can be easily replaced by ordering and installing a new one correctly.
Did You Know?
1. The world's largest popsicle was made in 2005, weighing a whopping 17.5 tons! It was a strawberry-flavored delight measuring 21 feet in length, which is more than twice the size of an average freezer drawer!
2. Did you know that before the invention of freezers, people used to store food in iceboxes? These early refrigerators relied on large blocks of ice to keep food cool, and the ice would need to be replenished regularly.
3. The concept of freezing food for long-term storage dates back centuries. Some ancient civilizations, like the Chinese and the Romans, would use mountainside ice caves to store food during harsh winters. This frozen food would then be enjoyed throughout the year.
4. Have you ever wondered why ice cubes sometimes stick together in the freezer? This phenomenon is called "bridging" and occurs when the cubes melt slightly and then refreeze together. It's caused by the water molecules bonding together when they come into contact.
5. When a freezer drawer becomes jammed, one simple trick to open it is to use a hairdryer. By directing hot air onto the edges of the drawer, the heat can cause the metal or plastic to expand slightly, making it easier to slide open. However, make sure to be cautious and avoid overheating any surrounding materials!
Wiggling The Handle To Check For Obstructions
When you encounter a jammed freezer drawer or door, the first step is to try wiggling the handle gently. Sometimes, an obstruction such as a stray item or ice buildup may be blocking the door's movement. By applying slight pressure while moving the handle back and forth, you can check for any hindrances that might be causing the jam. If you feel any resistance, do not force the handle as it may lead to further damage. Instead, move on to the next troubleshooting step.
If the handle wiggles freely without any obstructions but the freezer door or drawer remains stuck, there may be a different underlying issue. In such cases, it is important to proceed with caution to avoid damaging the freezer.
Freezer Door Frozen Shut? Try Thawing It Out
One common reason behind a jammed freezer door is the formation of frost, which freezes the door shut. If the handle wiggling technique does not resolve the problem, it is likely due to ice accumulation. In this case, you can unplug the freezer and allow it to thaw for approximately an hour. This will give enough time for the ice to melt, restoring the door's functionality.
Bear in mind that opening the freezer door frequently or leaving it open for extended periods of time can lead to frost buildup. It is essential to maintain proper freezer habits to prevent such issues in the future. Regularly defrosting the freezer and keeping the door closed tightly will help avoid freezing problems.
Avoid Damaging The Freezer – Open With Care
While attempting to open a jammed freezer door or drawer, it is crucial to exercise caution and prevent any potential damage to the appliance. Forcing the door open or using excessive strength may result in broken hinges, damaged gaskets, or other mechanical problems. These situations can be expensive to repair and even render the freezer unusable.
If you are unable to open the door or drawer after trying the aforementioned methods, the best course of action is to contact a professional repair service. They possess the necessary expertise to handle such situations without causing further harm to the appliance.
- Exercise caution when opening a jammed freezer door or drawer.
- Using excessive force can lead to broken hinges, damaged gaskets, or other mechanical problems.
- Contact a professional repair service if unable to open the door or drawer after attempting these methods.
Calling A Repairman For A Stuck Door
If you have exhausted all the quick-fix options and the freezer door or drawer remains stubbornly jammed, it is time to reach out to a qualified repairman. Persistent door jams may indicate a more serious problem with the freezer itself. Attempting to fix the issue without proper knowledge and experience can lead to further damage or void any warranty that may be in place.
When contacting a repairman, be prepared to provide them with detailed information about the jammed freezer drawer or door. They will be able to diagnose the problem accurately and provide you with the necessary solutions. Remember that safety should always come first, and it is better to seek professional help than risk causing irreversible damage.
Possible Issues With Freezer Door Mechanisms
Several factors can contribute to a freezer door or drawer getting stuck. Common culprits include faulty gaskets, hinges, latches, closure cams, or gears. These components ensure smooth operation and airtight seals, which are essential for preserving the freshness and quality of your frozen goods.
A faulty gasket, for instance, can allow warm air to infiltrate the freezer, causing frost to accumulate over time. Luckily, replacing a gasket is relatively easy. By ordering a new one and installing it according to the manufacturer's instructions, you can restore the integrity of the freezer's seal and prevent future jams from occurring.
It is important to note that freezer drawers can also be replaced, but it is crucial to ensure that the new drawer matches the model and size of the existing one. Mismatched accessories may not fit properly, leading to functionality issues and potential damage to the freezer.
Easy Fix For A Faulty Gasket
A faulty gasket is a common cause of freezer door jams and compromised insulation. Replacing a faulty gasket is a simple fix that can be easily accomplished. Here are the steps to follow:
Order a new gasket that is specifically designed for your freezer model.
Unplug the freezer to avoid any electrical hazards.
Gently remove the damaged gasket by detaching it from the anchor points around the door. Take note of how the old gasket was installed for guidance during the installation of the new gasket.
Carefully align the new gasket along the door, ensuring that it fits snugly into place.
Reattach the new gasket to the anchor points using the appropriate fasteners or adhesive, following the manufacturer's instructions.
Perform a quick test by closing and opening the door. You should notice a notable improvement in the ease of use and the freezer's overall performance.
Encountering a jammed freezer door can be frustrating, but with the right troubleshooting steps, it can be resolved without causing further damage. By checking for obstructions and trying to thaw out the freezer door, if necessary, you can often alleviate the issue. However, if the door remains stuck or you suspect a more significant problem, it is best to contact a professional repairman.
Remember to maintain proper freezer habits, such as avoiding overfilling and regularly defrosting, to prevent future jams. With these tips and a little patience, you can keep your freezer accessible and functioning smoothly for years to come.
Check this out:
Frequently Asked Questions
How do you open a stuck freezer drawer?
To open a stuck freezer drawer, start by unplugging the refrigerator and allowing the freezer to defrost completely. This typically takes around 24-48 hours. Once defrosted, carefully open the freezer and ensure that any moisture is wiped dry, paying close attention to the rails that the drawer sits on. Afterward, it is important to let the freezer air dry for another 24 hours before plugging the refrigerator back in. This will help prevent any future sticking issues and ensure smooth operation of the drawer.
How do you open a jammed freezer door?
To open a jammed freezer door, try pressing your finger into the inside corner of the door seal to alleviate some of the suction created. This can help release the door and make it easier to open after closing. Additionally, if the door has just been closed and is difficult to open, it is advisable to wait for approximately one minute. This allows the pressure to equalize and makes it easier to open the door without excessive force.
Why is


text:
|About this Abstract
||MS&T23: Materials Science & Technology
||Grain Boundaries, Interfaces, and Surfaces: Fundamental Structure-Property-Performance Relationships
||A Molecular Dynamics Based Atomistic-scale Study to Investigate Mechanical Properties of Σ3 Incoherent Non-Arrhenius Grain Boundary
||T L Dora, Sandeep Kumar Singh, Akarsh Verma, Shigenobu Ogata, Radha Raman Mishra
|On-Site Speaker (Planned)
In this work, molecular dynamics simulations were employed to study the effect of Σ3 incoherent grain boundary on uniaxial tensile deformation of nickel. For this, a wide range of cryo, room and high temperatures (100 to 900 K), and strain rate range of 107 to 1010 s-1 were considered. The dislocation extraction algorithm in conjunction with the common neighbor analysis was used to identify the deformation governing mechanism for the pristine and grain boundary engineered (GBE) Ni configurations subjected to uniaxial tensile loading. The results revealed that the GBE Ni showed higher plasticity in the structure as compared to pristine Ni. Our results also showed that the yield stress and Young's modulus of Ni are almost insensitive to strain rate as long as the strain rate is kept below 108 s-1 at cryogenic or room temperature. These trends were observed in both pristine and GBE Ni.


SpreadSheet problem
When a SpreadSheet is saved as a file and reopened later, the mappings
are lost. The problem lies on line 957 of the BasicSSCell code:
 ScalarType domain = ScalarType.getScalarTypeByName(
 (String) dnames.elementAt(j));
"domain" ends up being null.
The code for the getScalarTypeByName method looks like this:
 public static ScalarType getScalarTypeByName(String name) {
 Enumeration scalars = ScalarVector.elements();
 while (scalars.hasMoreElements()) {
 ScalarType scalar = (ScalarType) scalars.nextElement();
 if (name.equals(scalar.Name)) {
 return scalar;
 }
 }
 return null;
 }
It is not clear how ScalarVector would have been initialized. How can
this be fixed?
--
John Brecht
SRI International
Center for Technology in Learning
333 Ravenswood Avenue
Menlo Park, CA 94025
_PHONE_ (voice)
_PHONE_ (fax)
john.brecht@xxxxxxx
We've got a blind date with Destiny and it looks like she ordered the
lobster.


text:
even when CO2 concentrations are low.
-CAM plants are those that use CAM to fix carbon. They open their stomata at night, and this incorporates CO2 into organic acids. During the day, they close their stomata to reduce the chance of dehydration and CO2 is now released from organic acid in the calvin cycle.
Neil A. Campbell, Jane B. Reece "Biology 8th edition"


text:
Using Brinqa to Improve Application Security and Reduce Risk.
This case study describes the implementation of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC), tied to a risk analysis view, using Brinqa technology. As a result, the Depository Trust and Clearing Corporation (DTCC) achieved improved application security risk and SDLC governance.
- Automated SDLC process with criteria defined by quantitative modeling to determine application lifecycle state.
- Capability to measure the trends of application risk scores with a data warehouse.
- Customized visibility for business owners and senior management of application risk, tailored to their specific needs.
- Prioritization of the issues by risk to the organization.
- Consistent and clear information on risk posture.
- Effective and efficient resource utilization.
- Ability to predict and respond to threats.
- Automated, relevant and efficient risk assessments.