Linear stage
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A linear stage or translation stage is a component of a precise motion system used to restrict an object to a single axis of motion. The term linear slide is often used interchangeably with "linear stage", though technically "linear slide" refers to a linear motion bearing, which is only a component of a linear stage. All linear stages consist of a platform and a base, joined by some form of guide or linear bearing in such a way that the platform is restricted to linear motion with respect to the base. In common usage, the term linear stage may or may not also include the mechanism by which the position of the platform is controlled relative to the base.
Principle of operation[edit]
In three-dimensional space, an object may either rotate about, or translate along any of three axes. Thus the object is said to have six degrees of freedom (3 rotational and 3 translational). A linear stage exhibits only one degree of freedom (translation along one axis). In other words, linear stages operate by physically restricting 3 axes of rotation and 2 axes of translation thus allowing for motion on only one translational axis.
Guide types[edit]
Linear stages consist of a platform that moves relative to a base. The platform and base are joined by some form of guide which restricts motion of the platform to only one dimension. A variety of different styles of guides are used, each with benefits and drawbacks making each guide type more appropriate for some applications than for others.
Rollers[edit]
Benefits
Inexpensive.
Drawbacks
low load capacity, poor accuracy, short lifetime.
Applications
Optics lab stages, drawer slides.
Recirculating ball bearing[edit]
Benefits
Unlimited travel, relatively inexpensive.
Drawbacks
Low load capacity, quick to wear, oscillating positioning load as bearings recirculate.
Applications
Flexure[edit]
Benefits
Excellent accuracy, no backlash, no wear (infinite lifetime).
Drawbacks
Short travel (limited by flexure range), low load capacity, expensive.
Applications
Optic fiber alignment.
Cylindrical sleeve[edit]
Benefits
High load capacity, unlimited travel, inexpensive.
Drawbacks
Susceptible to binding if bending moments are present.
Applications
Radial arm saws, scanners, printers.
Dovetail[edit]
Benefits
Highest load capacity, unlimited travel, long lifetime, inexpensive.
Drawbacks
High positioning force required, susceptible to binding if bending moments are present, high backlash.
Applications
Machine shop equipment (ex. mill and lathe tables).
Position control methods[edit]
The position of the moving platform relative to the fixed base is typically controlled by a linear actuator of some form, whether manual, motorized, or hydraulic/pneumatic. The most common method is to incorporate a lead screw passing through a lead nut in the platform. The rotation of such a lead screw may be controlled either manually or by a motor.
Manual[edit]
In manual linear stages, a control knob attached to a lead screw is typically used. The knob may be indexed to indicate its angular position. The linear displacement of the stage is related to the angular displacement of the knob by the lead screw pitch. For example if the lead screw pitch is 0.5 mm then one full revolution of the knob will move the stage platform 0.5 mm relative to the stage base. If the knob has 50 index marks around its circumference, then each index division is equivalent to 0.01 mm of linear motion of the stage platform.
Precision stages such as those used for optics do not use a lead screw, but instead use a fine-pitch screw or a micrometer which presses on a hardened metal pad on the stage platform. Rotating the screw or micrometer pushes the platform forward. A spring provides restoring force to keep the platform in contact with the actuator. This provides more precise motion of the stage. Stages designed to be mounted vertically use a slightly different arrangement, where the actuator is attached to the movable platform and its tip rests on a metal pad on the fixed base. This allows the weight of the platform and its load to be supported by the actuator rather than the spring.
Stepper motor[edit]
In some automated stages a stepper motor may be used in place of, or in addition to a manual knob. A stepper motor moves in fixed increments called steps. In this sense it behaves very much like an indexed knob. If the lead screw pitch is 0.5 mm and the stepper motor has 200 steps per revolution (as is common), then each revolution of the motor will result in 0.5 mm of linear motion of the stage platform, and each step will result in 0.0025 mm of linear motion.
DC motor with encoder[edit]
In other automated stages a DC motor may be used in place of a manual control knob. A DC motor does not move in fixed increments. Therefore an alternate means is required to determine stage position. A scale may be attached to the internals of the stage and an encoder used to measure the position of the stage relative to the scale and report this to the motor controller, allowing a motion controller to reliably and repeatably move the stage to set positions.
Multiple axis stage configurations[edit]
For position control in more than one direction, multiple linear stages may be used together. A "two-axis" or "X-Y" stage can be assembled from two linear stages, one mounted to the platform of the other such that the axis of motion of the second stage is perpendicular to that of the first. A two-axis stage with which many people are familiar is a microscope stage, used to position a slide under a lens. A "three-axis" or "X-Y-Z" stage is composed of three linear stages mounted to each other (often with the use of an additional angle bracket) such that the axes of motion of all stages are orthogonal. Some two-axis and three-axis stages are integrated designs rather than being assembled from separate single-axis stages. Some multiple-axis stages also include rotary or tilt elements such as rotary stages or positioning goniometers. By combining linear and rotary elements in various ways, four-axis, five-axis, and six-axis stages are also possible.
Variations[edit]
Linear Slide, Nano Linear Stage, Nano Positioning Linear Stage, Ultra Precision Machining Linear Stage
References[edit]


NAVSEA Removes Fuel from Sunken WW II Era Ship
Friday, April 16, 2010
Naval Sea Systems Command's (NAVSEA) Supervisor of Salvage and Diving (SUPSALV), in a U.S. Coast Guard directed initiative, provided a key operational and technical role in removing 60,546 gallons of petroleum products from the sunken ex-USS Chehalis (AOG-48), concluding, April 6.
Ex-USS Chehalis sank in Pago Pago Harbor, American Samoa, Oct. 7, 1949, as a result of a gasoline tank fire and multiple explosions on the ship. The fire caused the ship to sink and subsequently capsize in more than 160 feet of water.
The Coast Guard requested SUPSALV expertise to support American Samoa's request for assistance by conducting a ship diving survey, detailed planning for, and the safe removal of the petroleum products from ex-USS Chehalis that represented a potential threat to Pago Pago Harbor.
"What's unique about this Patapsco-class gasoline tanker that sank off the coast of American Samoa more than 60 years ago is that highly volatile gasoline remained in several of the ship's cargo tanks," said Kemp Skudin, SUPSALV's ex-USS Chehalis project lead. "We do not normally encounter gasoline in sunken wrecks. Gasoline is not usually a maritime fuel and normally would have been consumed by fire or lost since it has a much lower flash point compared to diesel fuel marine or black oil."
Typically, and in this case for ex-USS Chehalis' diesel bunkers, less volatile fuels are removed using the "hot tap" method, requiring the tank to be cut into in order to install a valve and attach a pumping system. This method causes heat that can be explosive when combustible fluids like gasoline are involved. Also, gasoline in motion can explode due to electrostatic discharge caused by pumping turbulence in hoses, or when falling into a storage tank. Since safe diving operations are the highest priority for Navy divers, SUPSALV had to develop an alternate means of removing the gasoline.
"We used a buoyed suction head fed into the cargo tanks through their hatches by divers and controlled by an air hose on the surface. This meant we did not have to hot tap into the gasoline tanks. To pump the gasoline we used an intrinsically-safe pneumatic pump on a small floating platform through internally and externally bounded suction and discharge hoses," said Skudin. "Our barge was rigged to load the tanks through the stripping lines. This limited the gasoline fall into the barge's tank to only a few inches, further reducing the potential for static electricity. As an added precaution, the Mobile Diving and Salvage Unit One Divers, working from USNS Sioux (T-ATF 171), were put in a separate moor from the pumping platform and ocean-going barge to which the gasoline was removed. "
The Navy's Salvage capability typically requires cooperation between uniformed fleet Navy Divers, Military Sealift Command, and SUPSALV civilian and contractor resources to accomplish complex or technically challenging salvage and pollution response evolutions. The Navy team involved in the ex-USS Chehalis offload was able to exercise the coordinated effort necessary to meet salvage mission challenges while demonstrating our commitment to preserving and protecting the environment.
Maritime Reporter October 2014 Digital Edition
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text:
Flood Zone Descriptions: Zone AH
AH Zones are areas of fairly shallow flooding of less than three feet depth. The flooding source of the AH Zones in Palo Alto is overflow from local creeks. The Base Flood Elevation in these areas is expressed as an elevation above sea level.
The largest AH Zone results from overflow from San Francisquito Creek. FEMA's hydraulic models predict creek overtopping in the vicinity of Middlefield Road and Chaucer Street in the event of a one percent (100-year) flood. The overflow water flows downhill (one of the characteristics of Palo Alto's creeks is that their banks are actually higher than the adjacent land so that creek overflow water flows away from its source) and the Base Flood Elevation levels are shown by surface contour lines on the flood maps; the Base Flood Elevation for individual properties must be determined by interpolation. The creek overflow water is expected to flow towards the Embarcadero Road/Oregon Expressway/Bayshore Freeway interchange, and then over the Oregon Expressway and through the Greer Park area.
Because the Greer Park area is also subject to more severe flooding from the Bay, this area is designated as "Zone AE (El. 10.5)" on the flood maps.
The AH Zone was remapped following the February 1998 flood event. During that event, San Francisquito Creek overtopped its banks at multiple locations between Middlefield Road and the Bay, leading to widespread flooding. The San Francisquito Creek Joint Powers Authority (JPA) and its member agencies (Palo Alto, Menlo Park, East Palo Alto, the Santa Clara Valley Water District, and the San Mateo County Flood Control District) are in the process of developing a plan to address the risk of flooding from San Francisquito Creek.
Last Updated: May 18, 2009

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Pf7 API
This page provides documentation for functions in the malariagen_data Python package for accessing Plasmodium falciparum data.
Pf7()
malariagen_data.pf7.Pf7(data_config=None, **kwargs)
Provides access to data from the Pf7 release.
Parameters
urlstr, optional
Base path to data. Default uses Google Cloud Storage "gs://pf7_release/", or specify a local path on your file system if data have been downloaded.
data_configstr, optional
Path to config for structure of Pf7 data resource. Defaults to config included with the malariagen_data package.
**kwargs
Passed through to fsspec when setting up file system access.
Examples
Access data from Google Cloud Storage (default):
>>> import malariagen_data
>>> pf7 = malariagen_data.Pf7()
Access data downloaded to a local file system:
>>> pf7 = malariagen_data.Pf7("/local/path/to/pf7_release/")
sample_metadata()
Pf7.sample_metadata()
Access sample metadata and return as pandas dataframe. Returns ——- df : pandas.DataFrame
A dataframe of sample metadata on the samples that were sequenced as part of this resource. Includes the time and place of collection, quality metrics, and accesion numbers. One row per sample.
genome_sequence()
Pf7.genome_sequence(region='*', inline_array=True, chunks='native')
Access the reference genome sequence.
Parameters
region: str or list of str or Region or list of Region. Defaults to '*'
Chromosome (e.g., "Pf3D7_07_v3"), gene name (e.g., "PF3D7_0709000"), genomic region defined with coordinates (e.g., "Pf3D7_07_v3:1-500"). Multiple values can be provided as a list, in which case data will be concatenated, e.g., ["Pf3D7_07_v3:1-500","Pf3D7_02_v3:15-20","Pf3D7_03_v3:40-50"].
inline_arraybool, optional
Passed through to dask.array.from_array().
chunksstr, optional
If 'auto' let dask decide chunk size. If 'native' use native zarr chunks. Also, can be a target size, e.g., '200 MiB'.
Returns
ddask.array.Array
An array of nucleotides giving the reference genome sequence for the given region/gene/contig.
genome_features()
Pf7.genome_features(attributes=('ID', 'Parent', 'Name', 'alias'))
Access genome feature annotations.
Parameters
attributeslist of str, optional
Attribute keys to unpack into columns. Provide "*" to unpack all attributes.
Returns
dfpandas.DataFrame
variant_calls()
Pf7.variant_calls(extended=False, inline_array=True, chunks='native')
Access variant sites, site filters and genotype calls.
Parameters
extendedbool, optional
If False only the default variables are returned. If True all variables from the zarr are returned. Defaults to False.
inline_arraybool, optional
Passed through to dask.array.from_array(). Defaults to True.
chunksstr, optional
If 'auto' let dask decide chunk size. If 'native' use native zarr chunks. Also can be a target size, e.g., '200 MiB'. Defaults to "native".
Returns
dsxarray.Dataset
Dataset containing either default or extended variables from the variant calls Zarr.


Process execution
The workflow engine executes the process in a transactional way, advancing until it encounters a wait state, such as a timer event, in each active path of the execution. Subsequent tasks, sub-processes and call activities are executed in a single transaction and if one fails, the entire transaction is rolled back.
Asynchronous activities
You can have tasks, sub-processes and call activities run asynchronously to split execution into smaller units of work. The benefit of an asynchronous activity is that it is part of a separate transaction and if it fails, the actions that were performed before it are not rolled back.
Exclusive activities
By default, all activities are exclusive and can not be completed at the same time as another exclusive activity that belongs to the same process. This ensures the workflow engine performs all activities sequentially. You do not need to change this behavior, as the built-in capabilities can manage different scenarios. You can learn more about the logic behind exclusive jobs in the Flowable documentation.


Getting Started
General Overview of the User Interface
Once authenticated, the screen of RiseVal webmail is divided into functional parts which are explained here:
_images/overview.png
(1) Application Tasks
The webmail application provides different main tasks such as Email, Address Book, Settings, etc. Use this list to switch from one task to another. That will reload the screen with a specific view for the selected task. Instead of switching back and forth, task screens can be opened in individual browser windows or tabs. Right-click on a task icon in the list and then choose "Open Link in New Tab/Window" from the browser's context menu to do so.
Beside the main tasks, the button to terminate the current session (Logout) is also located here.
(2) Status Display
This area of the screen is dedicated to display status notifications (e.g. confirmations, warnings, errors) about the success or failure of the operations you just executed in the application. While the app is working or loading data, a notification is displayed here as well.
(3) Toolbar
The main toolbar is always located above the content area and allow you to perform different actions, depending on what is being shown or selected in the content part of the window. If buttons are grayed out, the according action is not available for the current selection. If a toolbar icon shows a small arrow on its right side, clicking that arrow will present you variations of the action to be executed.
Additional actions can be found by clicking the More button (if available).
(4) List Operations
The icons in the footer area of a list provide actions that influence the list above or the currently selected element of the list respectively. The gear icon usually opens a menu with additional actions.
Resizing content boxes
Some boxes filling the main content area of the screen can be resized. Find the resize handle splitter between two boxes and drag it with the mouse.
Terminating the Session
Once your work is done on the webmail application, it's important that you properly terminate the current session by clicking the Logout icon in (1). This will make sure that no other person accessing your computer can read or delete your emails or send them on your behalf. Simply closing the browser window is not enough to log-out!


text:
This paper examines the level of model fidelity required to support design phases in the urban solar planning process. The two modelling features crucial to the fidelity of the photovoltaic (PV) yield prediction on urban surfaces are (1) a level of fidelity for modelling urban shading and solar reflection and (2) a level of fidelity for modelling PV system operation. The paper compares three different models for predicting urban shading and reflection and two different PV models for predicting PV system operation. The relevance of the model fidelities is investigated through a case study of an urban area in Wuhan, China under three decision-making contexts: setting a solar target, place-making, and economic assessment for urban-scale distributed PV integration. Predictions for the decision-makings are generated using the selected models through computational simulation under the same annual weather profile. The results show that the relatively less accurate canyon-based method tends to overpredict with 57 buildings identified as suitable for PV installation for walls in the studied urban area; the more accurate vector-based model predicts only 14 suitable buildings. The results predicted with additional consideration of dynamic PV system operation exhibit differences from those predicted by the static PV system model, with a difference of roughly 13 buildings on average within each payback-time category. The differences are noticeable but can be regarded as incremental for urban-scale economic assessment compared with the significant difference due to the fidelity level of modelling urban shading and reflection.
Bibliographical noteFunding Information:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51978296) and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2020TQ0106).
© 2021, Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
- PV system model
- distributed PV integration
- urban shading prediction
- urban-scale solar analysis
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Building and Construction
- Energy (miscellaneous)


text:
1304 Poplar Lane
Miami, FL 33176
Job Objective To secure a responsible and challenging role as a Water Safety Instructor in a progressive organization.
- Water Safety Instructor, 2006 to Present
- Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA
- Instructed water safety and swimming lessons at the pool.
- Instructed techniques like the freestyle, breast stroke and the back stroke.
- Interpreted and implemented pool rules and policies to ensure safety of all swimmers.
- Trained students how to swim safely in water.
- Supervised activities in the swimming areas.
Summary of Qualifications:
- Profound ability to conduct swimming activities
- Immense ability to maintain the pool and surrounding wet areas
- Extended ability to administer appropriate First Aid in emergency
- Extensive experience in skiing, knee boarding, wake boarding and tubing
- Solid ability to manage all safety and risk aspects on the water
B.S in Fitness Exercise, 2004, Yale University
Lifeguard Certification, 2006, Johns Hopkins University

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Quick Answer: What Is Considered A Parcel At The Post Office?
Does USPS charge by weight or size?
What is the cheapest way to ship a 5 pound package?
The break even point compared to FedEx and UPS for a large Priority Mail flat rate box is about 5 lbs. If you need a large flat rate Priority Mail box, make sure it's heavier than 5 lbs. Otherwise, FedEx or UPS Ground will always be cheaper.
How do I calculate shipping costs?
What is the cheapest way to mail a package?
First-Class Mail: Letters that weigh under 1oz: the cheapest option is a USPS First-Class Postage Stamp. Large envelopes that weigh less than 13 ounces: USPS First-Class Mail is the cheapest option. Keep in mind, this service is designed for letters, documents, and thin-flat items.
What type of mail is parcel?
If your mailpiece isn't a postcard, Letter, or a flat (large envelope), then it's a parcel. You may be surprised to find out that "parcels" are not just big boxes. Many mailers send small parcels in all classes of mail.
What is considered a package USPS?
A Package is a parcel that does not meet the mail processing category of letter-sized mail or flat-sized mail. … A First-Class Package International™ Service parcel cannot exceed 64 ounces (4 pounds), can have a maximum length of 24 inches, and have a maximum combined length, height, and depth of 36 inches.
Can you package things at the post office?
You can purchase boxes and tubes of various sizes at most Post Offices. … While you are not required to use the free packaging for these services, you must use the USPS-produced address label provided by the Post Office for Priority Mail Express.
What means parcel?
noun. an object, article, container, or quantity of something wrapped or packed up; small package; bundle. a quantity or unit of something, as of a commodity for sale; lot. a group, collection, or assemblage of persons or things.
What is the meaning of part and parcel?
An essential or basic element, as in Traveling is part and parcel of Zach's job. Used since the 15th century as a legal term, with part meaning "a portion" and parcel "something integral with a whole," this idiom began to be used more loosely from about 1800.
How does the Post Office measure packages?
Length is always the longest dimension and is measured in inches. Height is the side that is perpendicular to the length and is measured in inches. … For rectangular packages, Girth would be Height multiplied by two plus Width multiplied by two.
What is the difference between parcel and package?
The difference between Package and Parcel. When used as nouns, package means something which is packed, a parcel, a box, an envelope, whereas parcel means a package wrapped for shipment. When used as verbs, package means to pack or bundle something, whereas parcel means to wrap something up into the form of a package.


Sunday, December 18, 2016
Gcode: Getting Started
G-coding K40-S & LaserWeb
Getting started with numerical coding languages......
G-code (or G programming language) is the street name for the most widely used numerical code programming language. Utilized mainly in automation, G-code is sometimes called G programming language. Very simply, G-code tells computerized machine tools - like laser systems - what to do and how to do it. For example, how fast to move, what path to take, etc.
M-code (for'miscellaneous function') is an auxiliary command; descriptions vary. Many M-codes call for machine functions like 'open workstation door,' which is why some say "M" stands for "machine", though it was not intended to.
A good starting point:
A good starting guide for CAD-CAM:
Gcode references:
Gcode's are somewhat universal in definition but various legitimate flavors exist depending on what software is injesting them and what machine they are controlling.
This post focuses on Gcoding that is compatible with the K40-S + LW configuration
What follows does not attempt to recreate the definitions in the links above, rather to document the differences. Refer to the references for complete treatments other than the changes outlined below.
Gcode Simulators/Editors;
For learning and developing Gcode these tools are useful:
Although Gcode is a standard for talking to CNC devices the implementation and interpretation of these codes can vary. This is clearly a case of "your results may vary". The best approach is to create a series of tests that emulate the Gcodes you plan to employ and see how they react.
For example and in the case of a laser cutter, the way the laser cuts is different than a mill therefore to control power a parameter for setting the lasers PWM is needed. In the K40-S that parameter is the "S" value.
You must understand the adaptations your machines interface software (LaserWeb) and firmware (Smoothieware) have made to properly control the target machine.
Gcode hand coding:
I have found these conventions to be useful in G-coding in a way that is universally interpreted correctly. This is especially true in LaserWeb.
 - Put each Gcode and its parameters on a separate line
 - Use capital letters for parameters i.e. X,Y,Z,F
 - Use at least one decimal place on numbers I.E. G1 X1.0
 - Absolute positioning (G90) is less confusing than incremental positioning (G91) and less likely to run gantries into the stops.
Special K40-S Gcode formats
Adapted Gcodes for K40-S follow.
The G01 command
G01
 - X- x position
 - Y- Y position
Currently Unsupported LaserWeb Gcodes
Mcodes (Machine options)
Coordinate systems:
Coordinate systems in CNC can be very confusing but in 2D laser systems they are the simplest. In fact when using software like LaserWeb the complexity of the coordinate systems is transparent to the user.
However there are advanced times when you want to understand the machines movements within the context of the coordinate systems so here is some information.
WCO: Work coordinate offset.
When using your K40 the WCO and MCO aren't important as LW hides this complexity and describes positions within one system.
There are six user-definable work coordinate systems (WCS) available that are selected with the G54-G59 commands (Note that if using Carbide Motion it seems to store position information in G54 and will over-write any user setting). These are modal, meaning that once you select a WCS all following commands will reference that coordinate system until you select a different one. They are also persistent, meaning that they will be stored between resets and power cycles.
MCO: Machine coordinate offset.
Machine coordinate system. The systems initial home at power on.
Enjoy and comment,
Maker DON


text:
On August 31, 1997, the death of Princess Diana, when she was only 36 years old, along with her boyfriend Dodi Fayed, in a terrible car accident.
One of them is the fact that Princess Diana and Prince Charles had in addition to their sons William and Harry a secret daughter who would be named Sarah Spencer.
How did the theory of Princess Diana's secret daughter and Prince Charles come about?
In April 2015 The Globe magazine caused great controversy by publishing the story of Lady Di's "secret" daughter. These reports indicate that, when the engagement between Princess Diana and Prince Charles was announced, the English Royal House wanted to make sure that she was fertile, so she underwent several medical check-ups.
Doctors from the royal family extracted eggs from Diana to fertilize them with Charles' semen. However, one of the eggs would have been stolen by a doctor and implanted in his wife. The source would have pointed out: "In theory, the egg should be destroyed, but a doctor stole it and secretly implanted it in his wife."
Nine months later, a girl named Sarah would have arrived in the world. The outlet said the little girl was born 10 weeks after the royal wedding, that is, in October 1981.
The Globe noted that Sarah was eight months older than Diana's firstborn, Prince William, who was born on June 21, 1982, so they would have decided to keep it a secret. In a second post, The Globe reported that William would have wanted to meet his sister. Although a meeting would have been planned, in the end it was his wife Kate Middleton who would attend.
After a brief interview in the United States, the Duchess of Cambridge would have been very impressed by the resemblance between Sarah and Princess Diana.
To prove her story, The Globe would have published the image of the alleged Sarah Spencer, with which they would demonstrate the great resemblance she has with Lady Di. The media highlighted that Sarah Spencer learned of her origin when her parents died, although previously people had already mentioned her resemblance to the princess.
Following the publication of the story, Sarah Spencer was said to have adopted a different identity, changed her residence to another city and stayed away from the media, allegedly receiving threats.
While there are no official statements about what was reported, this news has gone around the world. However, Michael Thorton, an expert on royalty, revealed to the Daily Mail that the theory put forward by The Globe was false, since the photo showing the alleged Sarah Spencer was actually a photomontage with the face of Lady Diana.
Amid the controversy over the existence of Princess Diana and Prince Charles' secret daughter, it became known that this story could be fiction. In 2011, the novel 'The Disappearance of Olivia' signed by Nancy E. Ryan was published, which tells the story of Olivia Franklin, a pediatrician who admires Princess Diana and wants to look like her. Suddenly, she discovers that she really is the secret daughter of the late Lady Di.
The novel points out that Olivia Franklin is the result of an in vitro pregnancy that was obtained from fertility tests that had been done to the future princess.
When the novel was published, many people interpreted that the story could be based on real events, although this version could never be proven.


of connected devices, it becomes more important than ever to have a proactive approach to network security. One essential way to enhance the security of your network is by monitoring the devices connected to it. By keeping a close eye on the devices that are accessing your network, you can not only identify potential threats but also take proactive measures to safeguard your network.
The benefits of monitoring devices for security
Monitoring the devices connected to your network offers several benefits for enhancing security:
 - Identification of unauthorized devices: By monitoring your network, you can easily identify any unauthorized devices that might be accessing your network without your knowledge. This helps you prevent potential security breaches and ensures that only trusted devices are connected to your network.
 - Early threat detection: Monitoring connected devices allows you to detect any suspicious activities or potential threats early on. This gives you the opportunity to take immediate action and prevent any potential damage or unauthorized access to your network.
 - Improved incident response: Having a clear understanding of the devices connected to your network enables you to respond swiftly and effectively in the event of a security incident. You can quickly isolate the affected device or devices, minimizing the impact on your overall network security.
Taking proactive measures against potential threats
Monitoring connected devices not only helps you identify potential threats, but it also allows you to take proactive measures to safeguard your network:
 - Regularly update and patch devices: Keep all your connected devices up to date with the latest firmware and security patches. Regular updates help eliminate vulnerabilities and protect your network from known threats.
 - Implement strong passwords and encryption: Ensure that all your devices and network access points are protected with strong passwords. Additionally, consider enabling encryption protocols such as WPA2 for wireless networks to enhance data security.
 - Enable network segmentation: By dividing your network into separate segments, you can restrict the access of connected devices to specific areas. This reduces the potential impact of a security breach and enhances the overall security of your network.
Recommendations for securing your network
To ensure the security of your network, consider implementing the following recommendations:
 1. Enable a firewall: A firewall acts as a barrier between your network and external threats. Make sure to enable a firewall and configure it to monitor and filter incoming and outgoing network traffic.
 2. Use a secure Wi-Fi network: Secure your wireless network by using a strong password, disabling Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS), and ensuring that only authorized devices can connect to your network.
 3. Invest in network security software: Consider using network security software that provides real-time monitoring, threat detection, and protection against malware and other malicious activities.
By implementing these recommendations and regularly monitoring the devices connected to your network, you can significantly enhance the security of your network and protect your sensitive information from potential threats.
Understanding Different Device Types And Their Implications
Understanding Different Device Types And Their Implications
Differentiating between smartphones, laptops, and smart devices
Understanding the different types of devices connected to your Spectrum network is crucial for optimizing your network performance. The three main types of devices you are likely to encounter are smartphones, laptops, and smart devices. Let's take a closer look at the characteristics and implications of each:
Smartphones
Smartphones have become an essential part of our everyday lives, allowing us to stay connected wherever we go. These compact devices offer a wide range of capabilities, from making calls and sending messages to accessing the internet and running various applications. Smartphones are designed to be portable and user-friendly, making them the go-to choice for on-the-go communication and entertainment.
Laptops
Laptops, on the other hand, offer a more powerful and versatile computing experience. With larger screens, keyboards, and trackpads, laptops are ideal for productivity and more complex tasks such as creating documents, browsing the web, and running software applications. They provide a larger storage capacity and processing power compared to smartphones, making them suitable for multitasking and resource-intensive activities like video editing or gaming.
Smart Devices
Smart devices, including smart TVs, smart speakers, gaming consoles, and smart home appliances, are connected to the internet and offer various functionality beyond the typical smartphone or laptop. Smart TVs allow streaming content, smart speakers provide voice-controlled assistance, and smart home appliances enable remote monitoring and control. These devices are designed to enhance convenience and connectivity within your home, but they also contribute to the overall network load and may potentially impact network performance.
The implications of various devices on network performance
Each device type has different implications for your network performance. For example:
 - Smartphones tend to have lower bandwidth requirements compared to laptops or streaming devices, making them less demanding on your network.
 - Laptops, on the other hand, can consume more bandwidth, especially when streaming high-definition videos or downloading large files. This increased demand may lead to slower internet speeds for other devices connected to the same network.
 - Smart devices, although individually requiring less bandwidth, can collectively put a strain on your network. If you have multiple smart devices simultaneously accessing the internet or utilizing network resources, it may negatively impact network performance for all connected devices.
Understanding these implications can help you identify and troubleshoot performance-related issues effectively.
Optimizing network settings for different devices
To ensure optimal network performance for each type of device, consider implementing the following strategies:
 1. Customize your router settings to prioritize certain devices or traffic types, ensuring that critical devices receive a more reliable connection.
 2. Regularly update the firmware of your router to take advantage of the latest performance optimizations and security enhancements.
 3. Make use of Quality of Service (QoS) settings on your router to allocate bandwidth more efficiently, giving priority to devices or activities that require high-speed connections.
 4. Consider using wired connections for bandwidth-intensive activities like gaming or streaming, as they offer a more stable and faster connection compared to Wi-Fi.
 5. Reduce interference by placing your router in an optimal location, away from walls, electronic devices, or other potential sources of signal disruption.
 6. Use Wi-Fi extenders or mesh network systems to ensure a strong and reliable connection throughout your home, especially in areas with weak Wi-Fi coverage.
By optimizing your network settings and understanding the implications of different devices, you can ensure a smooth and reliable connectivity experience for all your wireless devices.
Maximizing Spectrum'S Features For Device Monitoring
When it comes to managing the devices connected to your Spectrum network, it's essential to have the right tools at your disposal. Spectrum offers a range of features that can help you easily monitor and control the devices connected to your network. By utilizing these features effectively, you can ensure the security and efficiency of your network. In this blog post, we will explore some of the key features offered by Spectrum for device monitoring, including parental control features, device profiles, and alerts for device connections and disconnections.
Utilizing Spectrum's parental control features
One of the most valuable features provided by Spectrum for device monitoring is its parental control capabilities. With Spectrum, you can easily regulate the internet usage and content accessed by devices connected to your network. This feature is particularly useful for households with children, as it allows parents to ensure their kids are engaging with safe and age-appropriate online resources.
Setting up parental controls with Spectrum is a straightforward process. Simply log in to your Spectrum account and navigate to the parental control settings. From there, you can easily set up restrictions and filters based on specific devices or user profiles. Whether you want to block certain websites or limit the amount of time your children spend online, Spectrum's parental control features have got you covered.
Setting up device profiles for easy monitoring
In addition to parental controls, Spectrum offers the option to set up device profiles, making it even easier to monitor the devices connected to your network. Device profiles allow you to assign individual devices to specific users or categories, giving you a clear overview of who is connected and what devices they are using.
Setting up device profiles is a simple process. Log in to your Spectrum account and navigate to the device management section. From there, you can easily create and customize profiles for various devices. By assigning devices to profiles, you can keep track of their activities more efficiently and swiftly identify any unusual or unauthorized connections.
Configuring alerts for device connections and disconnections
Another valuable feature offered by Spectrum is the ability to configure alerts for device connections and disconnections. With this feature enabled, you will receive real-time notifications whenever a new device connects to your network or an existing device disconnects.
Configuring these alerts is an essential step in maintaining the security and stability of your network. By being promptly notified of any new or unexpected connections, you can quickly identify and address any potential threats or unauthorized access. Additionally, these alerts can also help you keep track of devices that may be malfunctioning or experiencing connectivity issues, allowing you to provide timely support and troubleshooting.
To set up alerts for device connections and disconnections, log in to your Spectrum account and navigate to the notifications settings. From there, you can enable and customize the alerts according to your preferences and requirements.
In conclusion, Spectrum offers a range of powerful features for device monitoring, ensuring that you have full control and visibility over the devices connected to your network. By utilizing Spectrum's parental control features, setting up device profiles, and configuring alerts, you can maximize the efficiency and security of your network, providing a seamless and safe online experience for all users.
Advanced Tools And Techniques For Device Tracking On Spectrum
Advanced Tools And Techniques For Device Tracking On Spectrum
When it comes to managing the devices connected to your Spectrum network, it's important to have access to advanced


text:
|AuGePt ohmic contact to n-type InP
Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics
Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering
|This work studied the AuGe to n-InP/ohmic contact system with the addition of Pt. It studied two contact schemes, i.e., Au/Ge/Pt/n-InP and Au/Pt/Au/Ge/n-InP. The specific contact resistances, the thermal stability, as well as the microstructure of the system, were systematically studied with the aid of scanning electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering analysis, and x-ray diffraction. The processing condition to achieve the optimum contact resistance was also sought and it was found that a specific contact resistance of 2.15x10(-6) Ohm cm(2) could be obtained if the Au/Ge/Pt/n-InP contact system was rapid thermal annealed at 550 degrees C for 30 s. The system was also found to be able to achieve low specific contact resistances for a wide range of anneal temperature from 400 to 550 degrees C. It was found that the Pt existence in-between AuGe and InP improved the surface morphology, the contact interface uniformity, and the thermal stability. The system could withstand a thermal aging at 400 degrees C for 80 h with only a minimal increase on the specific contact resistance. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics.
|JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
|Appears in Collections:


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I used the following code and I am able to link references, List of Symbols but unable to link the Table of Contents in my thesis. I wish a completely linked PDF of my thesis. Please help me....
% dvipdf,
% ps2pdf, % using ps2pdf vs pdftex
% colorlinks=true, % color the words instead of use a colored box
% urlcolor=blue, % \href{...}{...} external (URL)
% filecolor=blue, % \href{...} local file
% linkcolor=black, % \ref{...} and \pageref{...}
% citecolor=black, % \cite{}
pdfborder={0 0 0}, % for removing borders around links
% plainpages boolean true
% Forces page anchors to be named by the arabic form of the page number,
% rather than the formatted form.
% breaklinks boolean false
% Allows link text to break across lines; since this cannot be accommodated in
% PDF, it is only set true by default if the pdftex driver is used. This makes
% links on multiple lines into different PDF links to the same target.
% Adds?backlink? text to the end of each item in the bibliography, as a list
% of section numbers. This can only work properly if there is a blank line
% after each \bibitem.
% bookmarksnumbered boolean false
% If Acrobat bookmarks are requested, include section numbers.
% bookmarksopen boolean false
% If Acrobat bookmarks are requested, show them with all the subtrees expanded.
pdftitle={PhD Thesis},
pdfauthor={Jonathan M. McCune},
pdfsubject={Carnegie Mellon University},
pdfpagemode=UseOutlines % None, UseThumbs, UseOutlines, FullScreen
share|improve this question
Adding lintocpage to the options of hyperref will help? – Harish Kumar Aug 2 '12 at 4:21
2 Answers 2
Probably you mean that the table of contents is not in the bookmarks (outlines). It is debatable, whether the table of contents should have an entry for itself. But for the bookmarks it is IMHO ok, because they are just a navigational help. I use the opportunity to comment some option settings for hyperref. Additional bookmarks can be set using \pdfbookmark as shown in the example, see documentation of hyperref. To avoid links to wrong pages, it is important that \pdfbookmark is on the same page. Ensuring a page break before makes this easier.
 % Some remarks:
 % * drivers like 'pdftex' that can be detected automatically
 % are not necessary
 % * breaklinks is rather an internal option.
 % If a driver does not support it, then forcing the option
 % let the text break across lines, but also the link
 % areas are "broken". If the driver supports the option,
 % then the option is enabled anyway.
 % * Information entries should be set outside,
 % because LaTeX expands the package options,
 % hyperref does not like them, if they are
 % prematurely expanded.
 % * Hyperref has a new option for hiding links: hidelinks
 %...
% Adding package bookmark improves bookmarks handling.
% More features and faster updated bookmarks.
\newpage% or \cleardoublepage
% \pdfbookmark[]{}{}
enter image description here
share|improve this answer
I had this same problem. My fix is kind of messy but does the job for me. Hope it helps you
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Table of contents}
(note that I use \cleardoublepage to ensure that each new section begins on an odd-numbered page for printing purposes)
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
NSF highlights WKU research in Africa
|Date: Tuesday, May 29th, 2012||Return to Archive|
"High-tech Scarecrows for Low-tech Farms" — a report on a WKU research project in Africa — is featured on the National Science Foundation's SEE (Science, Engineering & Education) Innovation website.
In the project, funded by the National Science Foundation and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation through their joint Basic Research to Enable Agricultural Development (BREAD) program, researchers from WKU are developing low-cost, automated systems to reduce crop damage by large mammals in sub-Saharan Africa, where some areas have seen crop losses greater than 90 percent.
Across Africa, the top vertebrate wildlife pests include birds, primates, elephants, a variety of antelope species, buffalo, pigs and porcupines. While crop damage due to wild mammals is a major problem for subsistence farmers living near wild lands or protected areas, these animals are vital and visible parts of ecosystems and the source of much foreign income from ecotourists. This study supports the development and testing of devices that are animal-triggered, nonlethal and portable; they distract wildlife from feeding while alerting farmers to the presence of crop predators. These "scarecrows" emit stimuli, including sounds, lights and smells, in random sequences from a suite of stimuli proven to ward off targeted species of crop predators.
Contact: Michael Stokes, _PHONE_.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


- Both resolved their disobedience issues after getting injured in a battle and then being nursed back to health by their Trainers. They then battle and win against the same Pokémon that injured them.
 - So far, Mamoswine is Dawn's only dual-type Pokémon.
 - Mamoswine is Dawn's second evolved Pokémon, the first being Ambipom. Both are final forms of a Generation II evolution family. Coincidentally, both need to know a specific move to evolve.
 - Sleepless in Pre-Battle, the episode in which Swinub evolves into Piloswine, first aired in Japan in the same week that Hungry For the Good Life!, the episode in which Swinub is captured, first aired in the United States. The same thing happened to Ash's Gliscor.
 - Mamoswine is the first Pokémon in the current saga to appear evolved in an opening prior to its actual evolution being shown. Furthermore, it was as a Mamoswine.
 - Like many other main characters' Pokémon, Mamoswine was obtained after the Pokémon's species' debut in a movie.
 - Mamoswine is Dawn's only Pokémon that has not yet been used in a Contest.
 - Both of Mamoswine's evolutions happened during a battle with Team Rocket.
Related articles
For more information on this Pokémon's species, see Swinub, Piloswine, and Mamoswine.


After-Dinner Poetry: Catriona Wright's Table Manners (Montreal, QC: Véhicule Press, 2017, $17.95, 88 pages). Review by Julie Mannell
Molecular Gastronomy is a concentration of food preparation focused on the creative physical and chemical transformation of ingredients at a microscopic level. This concept is alluded to in "Gastronaut," the title of the first poem in Catriona Wright's debut poetry book Table Manners. The poem reinvents the term, instead suggesting the opposite, a scientific exploration of consumption as it relates to the external. A photo of "barbecued tarantulas in Cambodia" causes the speaker "jealousy and rage" for which they must confront by way of their "edible moss" that is only adequate insofar as it might "calm myself enough to sleep." Here the language of rare and high cuisine stands as a place marker for other suggestions of class—travel, freedom, rare and often inaccessible experiences that may lead to expensive varieties of wisdom. The speaker in the poem is aware of their own shortcomings but (literally) breathes back into those it perceives as judgmental, "My breath smelled as though I'd been fellating a corpse. I coughed on everyone."
This sets up the central concern of Table Manners: how the self reacts when constrained by the obligatory digestion of cultural signifiers and the sometimes unpalatable imperative to perform socially. The poems do not provide an answer but interrogate social experience purely through reaction and reflection, compacted by the constraint of culinary terms that often reveal themselves as distinctively unappetizing. In "Dumpster" the voice flirts with eating garbage:
I would not let a single
rainbow Chips Ahoy! or briny dill pickle
or cocktail shrimp ring breach my lips
unless it had first passed through the purifying
fires of the dumpster—five star chef, wizard
capable of transforming the too, too processed
into the unsullied flesh.
The contents of the dumpster are allotted the same linguistic treatment as fresh produce at a grocery store and explored with the same capitalistic impulse, "The only thing rotten is everything sold here." While Wright's andoxographic practice should have the impact of mocking the dumpster, it instead, cleverly, has the opposite effect. It elevates waste while diminishing the appeal of clean and fresh material thereby embarrassing the lexical signals society uses to sell and profit off ideals and anxieties surrounding health and nutrition. In the poetry of Wright, everything is both soiled and appetizing.
This is again reiterated in "Parties: A Selection"—a collection of haikus that concisely portray different social gatherings:
pulled pork muddled mint
pansexual Prince all primped
pumping up the crowd
this first poem in the series conveys what one might imagine to be a lavish nightclub with techno music and bottle service. Yet, by the end of the series we are at another event entirely:
barbecued tofu
please don't call me a lady
left early for once
Here food has the power to signal not just what people will be eating but what they will wear when they eat, where they will eat it, and, ultimately, it sets the tone for the kind of social engagement the speaker will have.
One criticism for Table Manners is that what works for it, sometimes works against it. While the constraint is noble—the language of the culinarian in the world beyond the kitchen—limiting a project to reliance on a single metaphor that repeats itself can sometimes feel to the reader as if they are being hit over the head with the theme. The book, paradoxically, is at its best in the poems that abandon the metaphor the most.
Julie Mannell is an author of poetry, prose, and essays. She is currently completing her MFA in Creative Writing at the University of Guelph. Mannell is the recipient of the Constance Rooke/HarperCollins Scholarship, the Mona Adilman Poetry Prize, and the Lionel Shapiro Award for Creative Writing. She splits her time between Montreal and Toronto.
This review was published in issue 14:2 Lies and Duplicity." To see more from this issue, please visit Vallum's website.


Main Content
Calculations on Tables
This example shows how to perform calculations on tables.
The functions rowfun and varfun each apply a specified function to a table, yet many other functions require numeric or homogeneous arrays as input arguments. You can extract data from individual variables using dot indexing or from one or more variables using curly braces. The extracted data is then an array that you can use as input to other functions.
Read Sample Data into Table
Read data from a comma-separated text file, testScores.csv, into a table using the readtable function. testScores.csv contains test scores for several students. Use the student names in the first column of the text file as row names in the table.
T = readtable('testScores.csv','ReadRowNames',true)
T=10×4 table
 Gender Test1 Test2 Test3
 __________ _____ _____ _____
 HOWARD {'male' } 90 87 93
 WARD {'male' } 87 85 83
 TORRES {'male' } 86 85 88
 PETERSON {'female'} 75 80 72
 GRAY {'female'} 89 86 87
 RAMIREZ {'female'} 96 92 98
 JAMES {'male' } 78 75 77
 WATSON {'female'} 91 94 92
 BROOKS {'female'} 86 83 85
 KELLY {'male' } 79 76 82
T is a table with 10 rows and four variables.
Summarize the Table
View the data type, description, units, and other descriptive statistics for each variable by using the summary function to summarize the table.
summary(T)
Variables:
 Gender: 10x1 cell array of character vectors
 Test1: 10x1 double
 Values:
 Min 75
 Median 86.5
 Max 96
 Test2: 10x1 double
 Values:
 Min 75
 Median 85
 Max 94
 Test3: 10x1 double
 Values:
 Min 72
 Median 86
 Max 98
The summary contains the minimum, median, and maximum score for each test.
Find the Average Across Each Row
Extract the data from the second, third, and fourth variables using curly braces, {}, find the average of each row, and store it in a new variable, TestAvg.
T.TestAvg = mean(T{:,2:end},2)
T=10×5 table
 Gender Test1 Test2 Test3 TestAvg
 __________ _____ _____ _____ _______
 HOWARD {'male' } 90 87 93 90
 WARD {'male' } 87 85 83 85
 TORRES {'male' } 86 85 88 86.333
 PETERSON {'female'} 75 80 72 75.667
 GRAY {'female'} 89 86 87 87.333
 RAMIREZ {'female'} 96 92 98 95.333
 JAMES {'male' } 78 75 77 76.667
 WATSON {'female'} 91 94 92 92.333
 BROOKS {'female'} 86 83 85 84.667
 KELLY {'male' } 79 76 82 79
Alternatively, you can use the variable names, T{:,{'Test1','Test2','Test3'}} or the variable indices, T{:,2:4} to select the subset of data.
Compute Statistics Using Grouping Variable
Compute the mean and maximum of TestAvg by gender of the students.
varfun(@mean,T,'InputVariables','TestAvg',...
 'GroupingVariables','Gender')
ans=2×3 table
 Gender GroupCount mean_TestAvg
 __________ __________ ____________
 {'female'} 5 87.067
 {'male' } 5 83.4
Replace Data Values
The maximum score for each test is 100. Use curly braces to extract the data from the table and convert the test scores to a 25 point scale.
T{:,2:end} = T{:,2:end}*25/100
T=10×5 table
 Gender Test1 Test2 Test3 TestAvg
 __________ _____ _____ _____ _______
 HOWARD {'male' } 22.5 21.75 23.25 22.5
 WARD {'male' } 21.75 21.25 20.75 21.25
 TORRES {'male' } 21.5 21.25 22 21.583
 PETERSON {'female'} 18.75 20 18 18.917
 GRAY {'female'} 22.25 21.5 21.75 21.833
 RAMIREZ {'female'} 24 23 24.5 23.833
 JAMES {'male' } 19.5 18.75 19.25 19.167
 WATSON {'female'} 22.75 23.5 23 23.083
 BROOKS {'female'} 21.5 20.75 21.25 21.167
 KELLY {'male' } 19.75 19 20.5 19.75
Change Variable Name
Change the variable name from TestAvg to Final.
T.Properties.VariableNames{end} = 'Final'
T=10×5 table
 Gender Test1 Test2 Test3 Final
 __________ _____ _____ _____ ______
 HOWARD {'male' } 22.5 21.75 23.25 22.5
 WARD {'male' } 21.75 21.25 20.75 21.25
 TORRES {'male' } 21.5 21.25 22 21.583
 PETERSON {'female'} 18.75 20 18 18.917
 GRAY {'female'} 22.25 21.5 21.75 21.833
 RAMIREZ {'female'} 24 23 24.5 23.833
 JAMES {'male' } 19.5 18.75 19.25 19.167
 WATSON {'female'} 22.75 23.5 23 23.083
 BROOKS {'female'} 21.5 20.75 21.25 21.167
 KELLY {'male' } 19.75 19 20.5 19.75
See Also
| | | | |
Related Topics


The length indicator is the second byte of the parameter and indicates howmany bytes of contents follow.
 15. 15. Message formatsParameter Format Length integer amount of Bytes Length of 1/2 Byte Example: 5 parameters Each message begins with the same three V-parameters: V alue content 2 content 1 content The protocol discriminator content 4 content 3 0 0 0 0 content 5 is a parameter of 1/2 byte length. The transaction identifier is 0 IEI a V-parameter of 1/2 byte. T ype, The message type identifies V alue 1 IEI content the nature of the message. It content #0 1 0 is a V-parameter with a length of 1 byte. T ype 1 0 1 0 IEI Transaction identifier or Skip indicator Protocol discriminator Length indicator L ength, content V alue TI- TI-value Protocol discriminator flag Message type 0 IEI T ype, Length indicator L ength, V alue content Message Type
 16. 16. Mandatory message fields The protocol discriminator specifies the layer 3 part 0000 group call control 0001 broadcast call control to which the message belongs. It is a parameter of 0010 Reserved: was allocated in earlier phases of the protocol 1/2 byte length.(3 GPP 04.07) 0011 call control; call related SS messages 0100 GPRS Transparent Transport Protocol (GTTP) Attach request 0101 mobility management messages Attach accept 0110 radio resources management messages Attach complete 1000 GPRS mobility management messages Attach reject Same format used 1001 SMS messages Detach request to CS/PS core 1010 Detach accept GPRS session management messages 1011 non call related SS messages 1 1 00 Location services Routing area update request 1110 reserved for extension of the PD to one octet length Routing area update accept 1111 reserved for tests procedures Routing area update complete Routing area update reject Service Request Service Accept Service Reject P-TMSI reallocation command P-TMSI reallocation complete Authentication and ciphering req Authentication and ciphering resp Authentication and ciphering rej Authentication and ciphering failure Identity request Identity response The message type ( here for GMM) identifies the nature of the message. GMM status It is a V-parameter with a length of 1 byte.(3GPP 4.08) GMM information
 17. 17. ATTACH REQUEST message content I 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0Example (start) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 PD=GMM, Skip indicator 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Message Type = Attach Request 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 MS Network Capability Length 1 Byte 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 MS Network Capabilty value CKSN 0 0 0 1 Attach Type = GPRS Attach 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 DRX parameter 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 non DRX timer, split on CCCH 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1. digit 1 0 0 1 3. digit 2. digit Mobile Identity Length 8 Byte Type of Identity = IMSI odd number of digits n - digit MCC DUMMY Old Routing Area Identification MNC
 18. 18. ATTACH REQUEST message content II 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 LAC Old Routing Area Identification RAC 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 MS MS Radio Access Capability Radio Length 9 Byte Access Capability Example end
 19. 19. ATTACH REQUEST message content III Table 9.4.1/3GPP TS 24.008: Information Element Type/Reference Presence Format Length Protocol discriminator Protocol discriminator M V 1/2 10.2 Skip indicator Skip indicator M V ½ 10.3.1 Attach request message identity Message type M V 1 10.4 MS network capability MS network capability M LV 3-9 10.5.5.12 Attach type Attach type M V ½ 10.5.5.2 GPRS ciphering key sequence Ciphering key sequence number M V ½ number 10.5.1.2 DRX parameter DRX parameter M V 2 10.5.5.6 P-TMSI or IMSI Mobile identity M LV 6-9 10.5.1.4 Old routing area identification Routing area identification M V 6 10.5.5.15 MS Radio Access capability MS Radio Access capability M LV 6 - 52 10.5.5.12a Old P-TMSI signature P-TMSI signature O TV 4 10.5.5.8 Requested READY timer GPRS Timer O TV 2 value 10.5.7.3 TMSI status TMSI status O TV 1 10.5.5.4
 20. 20. ATTACH REQUEST message content IV MS Radio Access Capability Length 9 Byte This shows an example of the IE Radio Access capability example contained in the GPRS attach request message for example.|MS Radio Access Capability ||00001000 |IE Length |8 | |---0---- |1 HSCSD MultiSlot Flag |not present ||0001---- |1 Access Technology Type |GSM E | |----1--- |1 GPRS MultiSlot/Ext. Flag |present ||***b7*** |1 Access technology type len |25 | |***b5*** |1 GPRS MultiSlot Class |4 ||---100-- |1 RF Power CAP1ability |4 | |--0----- |1 GPRS Extended Dynamic Allo. CAP1. |not implemented ||------1- |1 Encryption Alogorithm Flag |present | |---0---- |1 SMS and SM Value Flag |not present ||-------1 |1 A5/1 |available | |----1--- |1 MS RA capability Flag |present ||1------- |1 A5/2 |available | |***b4*** |2 Access Technology Type |GSM 1800 ||-0------ |1 A5/3 |not available | |-_PHONE_ |2 Access technology type len |9 ||--0----- |1 A5/4 |not available | |001----- |2 RF Power CAP1ability |1 ||---0---- |1 A5/5 |not available | |---0---- |2 Encryption Alogorithm Flag |not present ||----0--- |1 A5/6 |not available | |----1--- |2 Early classmark |implemented ||-----0-- |1 A5/7 |not available | |-----0-- |2 Pseudo Synchronisation |not present ||------1- |1 Early classmark |implemented | |------0- |2 Voice Group Call Service |no VGCS wanted ||-------0 |1 Pseudo Synchronisation |not present | |-------0 |2 Voice Broadcast Service |no VBS wanted ||0------- |1 Voice Group Call Service |no VGCS wanted | |0------- |2 MultiSlot CAP1ability flag |not present ||-0------ |1 Voice Broadcast Service |no VBS wanted I |-0------ |2 MS RA capability Flag |not present ||--1----- |1 MultiSlot CAP1ability flag |present | |--000000 |Padding |0 |
 21. 21. PDP context activation example 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 TI-value 1 0 1 0 PD=SM, TI-flag=0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Msg T.=Activate PDP Context Request 0 0 0 0 NSAPI Requested NSAPI e.g. NSAPI=5 0 0 0 0 LLC SAPI Requested LLC SAPI e.g. SAPI=3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 Delay Class Reliability Class Quality of Service Peak throughput 0 Precedence Class Length 3 Byte 0 0 0 Mean throughput 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 PDP address 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Length 2 Byte IETF specified address 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 IPv4 address (dynamic addressing) 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 Protocol Configuration Options 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Length 36 Byte Options format value, extension bit Content n-Byte
 22. 22. PDP context activation example 0000---- |Spare |0Activate PDP context request |00100001 |Packet data protocol type |IPv4|----1010 |Protocol Discriminator |Session management messages |Access Point Name ||-000---- |Transaction Id value |TI value 0 |00101000 |IE Name |Access Point Name|0------- |Transaction Id |message sent from orig TI |00010000 |IE Length |16|01000001 |Message Type |65 |**B16*** |Access Point Name Value XXXXXXXXXXX|Network Service Access Point |


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I have a set of PowerShell scripts that include a "common" script, located in the same folder, like this:
# some-script.ps1
$scriptDir = Split-Path -Parent $myinvocation.mycommand.path
. "$scriptDir\script-utils.ps1"
This is fine if the script is called directly, e.g.
However, if the script is called with Invoke-Command, this does not work:
Invoke-Command -ComputerName server01 -FilePath "X:\some-script.ps1"
In this case, infact, $myinvocation.mycommand contains the contents of the script, and $myinvocation.mycommand.path is null.
How can I determine the script's directory in a way that works also when the script is invoked with Invoke-Command?
In the end, this is the solution I actually used:
Invoke-Command -ComputerName server01 '
 {param($scriptArg); & X:\some-script.ps1 $scriptArg } '
 -ArgumentList $something
This also allows passing parameters to the script.
share|improve this question
any solution with full source code about it? – Kiquenet Jun 5 '12 at 8:54
add comment
2 Answers
up vote 4 down vote accepted
I don't believe you can, from within the invoked script. From get-help invoke-command:
-FilePath Runs the specified local script on one or more remote computers. Enter the path and file name of the script, or pipe a script path to Invoke-Command. The script must reside on the local computer or in a directory that the local computer can access. Use the ArgumentList parameter to specify the values of parameters in the script.
 **When you use this parameter, Windows PowerShell converts the contents of the specified script file to a script
 block, transmits the script block to the remote computer, and runs it on the remote computer.**
When you use invoke-command using the -filepath parameter, the script is read from the file on the local computer, converted to a script block, and that's what gets passed to the remote computer. The remote computer doesn't have any way of knowing if that script block was read from a file.
For the remote computer to know what that original file path was, you'll have to tell it. I think the easiest way to do that would be to write a function to do the invocation, and have it pass the filename to the invoked script as a parameter.
share|improve this answer
add comment
alternatively rather than using filepath.. you could pass in a scriptblock, that dotsources the script from a UNC path that all machines have access to. However each machine will need to have the appropriate executionpolicy set so that they can run that script from the UNC path
let me be clear though, that i'm not saying to run the script from the UNC path as if that does the remoting, but still using invoke-command or start-job to run a scriptblock on a remote computer. It just happens that that scriptblock will run the script from a UNC path for convenience.
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Your Answer


text:
During the 1970's, astronauts training for Apollo moon missions prepared for lunar geological surveys by examining the impact craters around the Sudbury area. Six students from Western and twenty American students recently followed in the footsteps of the famed lunar explorers by participating in a field school funded by the NASA Lunar Science Institute (NLSI). The program was organized by Dr. Gordon "Oz" Osinski on behalf of Western and the Canadian Lunar Research Network. The school was also a stepping stone for future collaborative work between Canada and America to enhance lunar science and exploration programs.
For the first five days of October students in the fied school went through the same training and classroom preparation as Apollo astronauts did decades ago at the Sudbury Impact Structure. The field school prepares future planetary scientists with the skills necessary to carry out studies of impact crater terrains no matter if they are on earth, the moon, Mars or other planetary surfaces. The immersive event introduced students to impact cratering processes while field observations demonstrated attributes of an immense impact basin.


tbl_name [, tbl_name]...
 [WAIT n | NOWAIT]
OPTIMIZE TABLE has two main functions. It can either be used to defragment tables, or to update the InnoDB fulltext index.
MariaDB starting with 10.3.0
Set the lock wait timeout. See WAIT and NOWAIT.
OPTIMIZE TABLE works for InnoDB (before MariaDB 10.1.1, only if the innodb_file_per_table server system variable is set), Aria, MyISAM and ARCHIVE tables, and should be used if you have deleted a large part of a table or if you have made many changes to a table with variable-length rows (tables that have VARCHAR, VARBINARY, BLOB, or TEXT columns). Deleted rows are maintained in a linked list and subsequent INSERT operations reuse old row positions.
This statement requires SELECT and INSERT privileges for the table.
OPTIMIZE TABLE is also supported for partitioned tables. You can use ALTER TABLE... OPTIMIZE PARTITION to optimize one or more partitions.
You can use OPTIMIZE TABLE to reclaim the unused space and to defragment the data file. With other storage engines, OPTIMIZE TABLE does nothing by default, and returns this message: " The storage engine for the table doesn't support optimize". However, if the server has been started with the --skip-new option, OPTIMIZE TABLE is linked to ALTER TABLE, and recreates the table. This operation frees the unused space and updates index statistics.
Since MariaDB 5.3, the Aria storage engine supports progress reporting for this statement.
If a MyISAM table is fragmented, concurrent inserts will not be performed until an OPTIMIZE TABLE statement is executed on that table, unless the concurrent_insert server system variable is set to ALWAYS.
Updating an InnoDB fulltext index
When rows are added or deleted to an InnoDB fulltext index, the index is not immediately re-organized, as this can be an expensive operation. Change statistics are stored in a separate location. The fulltext index is only fully re-organized when an OPTIMIZE TABLE statement is run.
By default, an OPTIMIZE TABLE will defragment a table. In order to use it to update fulltext index statistics, the innodb_optimize_fulltext_only system variable must be set to 1. This is intended to be a temporary setting, and should be reset to 0 once the fulltext index has been re-organized.
Since fulltext re-organization can take a long time, the innodb_ft_num_word_optimize variable limits the re-organization to a number of words (2000 by default). You can run multiple OPTIMIZE statements to fully re-organize the index.
Defragmenting InnoDB tablespaces
MariaDB starting with 10.1.1
MariaDB 10.1.1 merged the Facebook/Kakao defragmentation patch
MariaDB 10.1.1 merged the Facebook/Kakao defragmentation patch, allowing one to use OPTIMIZE TABLE to defragment InnoDB tablespaces. For this functionality to be enabled, the innodb_defragment system variable must be enabled. No new tables are created and there is no need to copy data from old tables to new tables. Instead, this feature loads n pages (determined by innodb-defragment-n-pages) and tries to move records so that pages would be full of records and then frees pages that are fully empty after the operation. Note that tablespace files (including ibdata1) will not shrink as the result of defragmentation, but one will get better memory utilization in the InnoDB buffer pool as there are fewer data pages in use.
See Defragmenting InnoDB Tablespaces for more details.
See Also
Optimize table in InnoDB
© 2019 MariaDB


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Ever wondered how different people's surnames end up as part of the scientific names given to plants and animals? It is considered very bad form to name a new species that you describe after yourself, but someone else might do it for you as a mark of respect. That is what happened to nineteenth century botanical collector and draughtsman to the Colonial Museum and Geological Survey, John Buchanan FLS (_PHONE_).
Unsurprisingly, given the energetic botanical collecting he engaged in as soon as he arrived in New Zealand from Scotland in 1852, most of the species that bear John Buchanan's name are plants. But there is also a predatory sea snail, Antimelatoma buchanani described by Frederick Wollaston Hutton in 1873. Over eighty examples of this marine snail, gathered from Deep Water Cove to Queen Charlotte Sound, are in the mollusc collection at Te Papa.
When Hutton described the features of this new species, he was working as assistant geologist to James Hector in the Geological Survey Department in Wellington. John Buchanan was a colleague whose sharp eye for flora and fauna that might be new to science was much admired. His technical drawing skills were superlative, and he was the illustrator for eighteen issues of the Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute from the date of its first publication in 1868.
The ornamental grass Danthonia buchanani and orange sedge Carex buchanani are also named after John Buchanan, who won the first prize at the Melbourne Exhibition in 1880-81 for his technical ingenuity in producing The Indigenous Grasses of New Zealand. This folio-sized book was nature –printed direct from the specimens themselves, and appeared in three parts in 1878, 1879 and 1880. There is still printer's ink on some of the grasses that Te Papa holds that were used by Buchanan to produce the lithographic plates.
Buchanan sent many of the plants he found back to experts in Glasgow or to Kew Gardens. The lichen Stereocaulon buchanani he sent to James Stirton M.D., who – like Buchananhad become a foundation member of the Glasgow Society of Field Naturalists in 1871. Stirton published his description as Article LIV in Volume 7 of the Transactions, and Buchanan illustrated it.
From his humble beginnings as a designer for printed calico for the textile industry back home in Glasgow, Buchanan reinvented himself as a man of science on emigration to Dunedin in 1852. His drawing skills were his ticket to professional employment opportunities. He worked first on the Reconnaissance Survey with Alexander Garvie, and then was recruited by James Hector M.D. in April 1862 to work as a draughtsman and botanical artist for the Otago Geological Survey.
Hector respected Buchanan's botanical knowledge and commissioned an essay on the botany of Otago for the New Zealand Exhibition in Dunedin in 1865, later to be published in the Transactions. Te Papa has Buchanan's watercolours of the plants which were displayed at the exhibition as part of the work of the survey. Many of these, including Coprosma lucida and Plagianthus lyalli have been loaned to the Hocken Library for the exhibition Art in the Service of Science: Dunedin's John Buchanan, which runs until 9 February 2013.
Corollary to the exhibition, a two day symposium will be convened on 29 and 30 November at Salmond College in Dunedin for researchers to present their work on Buchanan. It includes a presentation by Jim Endersby of Sussex University, whose talk at Otago Museum on Thursday evening is provocatively entitled Imperial Science: the invention of New Zealand plants.
For more on John Buchanan and the symposium you can watch an interview with Linda Tyler here.
Written by Linda Tyler, Director, Centre for Art Research, University of Auckland and Te Papa Research Associate and guest blogger.


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A Strange Spider, the Vegetarian Bagheera kiplingi
Updated on March 12, 2013
Bagheera kiplingi munching down on a beltian body.
Bagheera kiplingi munching down on a beltian body. | Source
Bagheera kiplingi
Family: SALTICIDAE
This is the story of a remarkable spider that feeds almost entirely on plant material. The scientific name of this spider is Bagheera kiplingi, a type of jumping spider (Family Salticidae).
The genus name Bagheera is named after the character Bagheera, the black panther from The Jungle Book by Rudyard Kipling. The species name kiplingi is named after Kipling himself.
It is native to Central America including Costa Rica, Guatemala and Mexico and is only about half a centimeter long.
Males and females of Bagheera kiplingi have different colouration. Males have amber legs, a dark greenish body and a slender reddish abdomen with green lines. Females have amber front legs but their other legs are light yellow and more slender those of the males. The females also have a reddish-brown body and a large light-brown abdomen with dark brown and green markings.
Out of the around 40,000 known spider species on planet earth, Bagheera kiplingi is the only one known to be predominatly vegetarian (some other spiders will supplement their diet with nectar or pollen from flowers, but are mainly carnivorous).
It feeds on the protein and fat-rich beltian bodies on the leaf tips of acacia plants. The beltian bodies are normally there to provide a food source for ants that in turn guard the tree against critters that want to eat it. The ants build nests within the hollow spines of the acacia trees, ready to swarm anything feeding upon it at a moments notice.
The spiders spend most of their time on the tips of old leaves that the ants have already harvested all the beltian bodies from and no longer guard. When the spider decides it wants to feast on some fresh beltian bodies it runs towards the new leaves, dodging and jumping over ants along the way.
The spiders have good vision which they use to determine the best route of approach to the beltain bodies, encountering the smallest number of ants possible along the way.
Once they reach the beltian bodies, they bite one of them off and holding it in their mouth they retreat back to the safety of the old leaf tips. They are then free to feast on their prize without disturbance.
So how on Earth does a spider end up being mostly vegetarian you ask? Well jumping spiders do not build webs and are active hunters of their prey. Beltian bodies have no ability to escape (as part of the immobile leaves) and are on the tips of every new leaf and thus the spider has to expend little energy to collect them. The Acacia also produces new leaves all year round so the beltian bodies are a reliable, consistent source of food.
In nature there is always competition for limited resources, this spider obviously has a niche it can do well in and has no problem competing with the ants.
This spider also has a more sinister side, while about 90% of their diet consists of these Beltian bodies they will also feed on nectar and will sometimes even steal ant larvae carried by passing ants. Occasionally if they're really desperate they'll even canabalise other Bagheera kiplingi.
It also appears that the amount of vegetation in their diets depends on where they live, Mexican Bagheera kiplingi tend to be more herbivorous than Costa Rican Bagheera kiplingi.
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A series of experiments was undertaken to compare the performance of an axial fan air blast sprayer equipped with air induction (AI) or conventional (C) nozzles in medium density apple (Malus ×domestica) orchards. Performance was compared by assessing 1) spray coverage within the canopy at four levels of across-row wind speeds, 2) ground deposits from airborne drift under still conditions, and 3) biological efficacy of a postbloom thinning spray and a seasonal "high-risk" fungicide program where thiophanate methyl was not included. Spray coverage was reduced by up to 50% with increasing across-row wind speeds, the most dramatic reductions occurring between 0 and 4 mph and at heights greater than 8 ft in the canopy. AI nozzles resulted in a 2-fold increase in spray coverage in the canopy of trees in the row immediately adjacent to the sprayer compared with C nozzles regardless of across-row wind speed. AI nozzles resulted in significantly less airborne drift compared with C nozzles under still conditions in an open field and within a mature 'Cripps Pink'/ 'M.7' orchard planted in rows 20 ft apart. Sprayer efficiency, measured as the proportion of total spray volume that was intercepted by the tree canopy, was higher for an airblast sprayer fitted with AI nozzles (38%) than for C nozzles (26%). The efficacy of a postbloom thinning spray (100 ppm benzyladenine plus carbaryl at 1 lb/100 gal) applied to 'Morgan Spur Red Delicious'/'M.111' trees planted at a between-row spacing of 15 ft was slightly greater when applied with AI nozzles compared with C nozzles. However, application of a "high-risk" fungicide program with AI nozzles resulted in a higher incidence of fruit with flyspeck (Zygophiala jamaicensis) at harvest compared with C nozzles. These inconsistencies were related to the combined effects of nozzle type, orchard row spacing, and canopy density on spray deposition on trees in the second row from the sprayer or to possible effects of nozzle type on droplet density on the target. AI nozzles should provide equivalent or possibly improved coverage and biological efficacy compared with C nozzles in well-managed orchards planted at distances of 18 ft or less between rows. However, when orchard rows are spaced greater than 18 ft apart, AI nozzles will result in reduced spray coverage and chemical efficacy compared with C nozzles because of a reduction in spray carry-over to adjacent rows as a result of reduced airborne drift.
The normal window for application of thinning chemicals in apple extends from bloom until 3 weeks after bloom, when the fruit reach a mean diameter of ≈16 mm. After this time fruit are generally insensitive to standard chemical thinning sprays. The potential for the photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor metamitron and the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC) to thin apple fruit after the traditional thinning window was investigated in field experiments over three years. A standard rescue thinning spray of carbaryl plus ethephon plus naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) reduced fruit set of Gale 'Gala' if applied when the mean fruit diameter was 18, 20, and 27 mm in 2010, 2011, and 2012, respectively. The thinning activity of 400 mg·L−1 ACC was equivalent to the standard rescue thinning spray in 2010, whereas 350 mg·L−1 metamitron reduced fruit set more effectively than either the standard or ACC in 2010. Application of 400 mg·L−1 ACC plus 350 mg·L−1 metamitron when the mean fruit diameter was 18 mm reduced fruit set to almost no crop in 2010. The combination of metamitron plus ACC exhibited thinning activity after application at 25 and 33 mm mean fruit diameter in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Increased ethylene evolution was found in detached 'GoldRush' fruit 24 h after applications of ACC from 11 mm to 27 mm mean fruit diameter, but not when ACC was applied at 31 mm mean fruit diameter. Ethylene evolution was much higher after application of ACC at the 11 mm or 17 mm mean fruit diameter stage compared with application when fruit diameter was 23 mm or 27 mm. The thinning activity of ACC was related to the period of maximum ethylene response. The effects of delayed applications of ACC and metamitron on fruit set tended to be greater when these two chemicals were combined, suggesting that the creation of a carbohydrate stress and the capacity to convert ACC to ethylene are both required to trigger abscission of apple fruit larger than 18 mm in diameter.
A series of four experiments were undertaken to evaluate the effects of individual and combined applications of prohexadione-Ca (P-Ca) and GA4+7 primarily on fruit russet, but also on fruit set, fruit weight, early season shoot growth, and fruit maturity of 'Golden Delicious' apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.). A single application of P-Ca (138 to 167 mg·L−1) at petal fall (PF) reduced the severity of russet in three of the four experiments; however, multiple applications of 20 ppm GA4+7 at 10-day intervals beginning at PF generally reduced russet more effectively than P-Ca. P-Ca did not reduce the efficacy of GA4+7 sprays for russet reduction. However, GA4+7 sprays reduced the inhibitory effects of P-Ca on shoot growth measured 30 days after PF. A single application of P-Ca at PF had no effect on mean fruit weight at harvest. Fruit size was lowest for the combined P-Ca and GA4+7 treatment in every experiment, although there was a significant interaction between P-Ca and GA4+7 sprays on mean fruit weight in only one experiment. There were no consistent effects of P-Ca and GA4+7 sprays, alone or in combination, on fruit maturity parameters at harvest. These data show that a single application of P-Ca at PF reduced russet severity, and the effects of P-Ca and GA4+7 sprays on russet can be additive. The economic benefits resulting from a reduction in russet severity after combined P-Ca and GA4+7 sprays will need to be balanced against their occasional negative effect on fruit size. Chemical names used: prohexadione-calcium [3-oxido-4-propionyl-5-oxo-3 cyclohexenecarboxylate formulated as Apogee (27.5% a.i.)].
Experiments were conducted in commercial apple (Malus ×domestica) orchards in the southeastern U.S. between 1998 and 2006 with the primary objective of evaluating the effects of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and ethephon on return bloom. NAA increased return bloom in six of 10 experiments, whereas ethephon increased return bloom in four of seven experiments. Four biweekly applications of 5 ppm NAA during June and July (early summer NAA) increased return bloom more consistently than fewer applications. Four weekly preharvest applications of 5 ppm NAA increased return bloom of 'Delicious' and 'Golden Delicious' as effectively as early summer applications. Combining NAA and ethephon in early summer sprays did not consistently increase return bloom compared with either material alone. The flower cluster density of 'Golden Delicious' in the year of treatment had a negative effect on return bloom that was more pronounced on control trees than trees sprayed 5 weeks after bloom with 444 ppm ethephon (48 fl oz/acre Ethrel). Combining four early summer sprays of 316 ppm ethephon (24 fl oz/acre Ethrel) with 15 ppm gibberellin A4 + A7 (GA4+7) increased return bloom of 'Cameo' but had no effect on return bloom of 'Mutsu' or 'Golden Delicious'. Growth regulator treatments did not have a consistent effect on fruit firmness in the year of treatment. Naphthaleneacetic acid or ethephon treatments in the on year of a biennial bearing cycle can promote return bloom of apple spurs. However, the positive effect on return bloom may be minimal in cultivars with a strong natural tendency toward biennial bearing or when bloom or initial fruit set are heavy in the year of treatment.
The effects of foliar applications of the photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor metamitron on chlorophyll fluorescence and fruit set were compared in peach and apple trees. Metamitron increased dark-adapted chlorophyll fluorescence, measured as a reduction in Fv/Fm values, in both peaches and apples. Maximum suppression of the normalized ratio of variable fluorescence to maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm) in peaches occurred 1 to 2 days after application and Fv/Fm values recovered by 7 days after treatment. The effects of metamitron on chlorophyll fluorescence were more persistent in apples compared with peaches. Fv/Fm values in apple declined within 2 days of treatment and did not start recovering until 5 days after treatment or longer. Concentrations of metamit


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Jiang Hu (江湖) (aka Gong Wu, Blood Brothers) is a 2004 Hong Kong film about Hong Kong gangs. It was directed by Wong Ching-Po and stars Andy Lau and Jacky Cheung.
"Jiang hu" is the term for the fictional world in which many Chinese classical wuxia stories are set. The term can be translated literally as "rivers and lakes". Metaphorically, however, it refers not to a physical place or geographic location but to the wild and romanticized domain of secret societies, gangs, fighters, entertainers, prostitutes, assassins, thieves, actors, beggars, and wanderers that is roughly the Chinese equivalent to the English terms "bohemian" and "the underworld".
In modern days, the term jianghu is frequently used to refer to the triads and the secret societies of gangsters.
Jiang Hu tells two stories simultaneously . The first is about a gang leader, Mr. Hung (played by Andy Lau), and the tensions that arise between him and his old friend and second-in-command, Lefty (played by Jacky Cheung) due to...


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The molar volume is equal to the atomic weight divided by the density.
The molar volume is also known as the atomic volume.
The standard SI units are m3. Normally, however, molar volume is expressed in units of cm3. To convert quoted values to m3, divide by _PHONE_.
The molar volume depends upon density, phase, allotrope, and temperature. Values here are given, where possible, for the solid at 298 K.
WebElements now has an online chemistry shop at which you can buy periodic table posters, mugs, T-shirts, games, molecular models, and more.


Cable test equipment
High voltage cable testing
High voltage cable testing
Off shore cable fault finding and diagnosis
Withstand tests may include a DC withstand or hi-pot (though not to be used on XLPE cables); a line frequency AC hi-pota 0.1 Hz AC VLF hi-pot; or a damped AC (DAC), where electrical stresses are created at a frequency ranging from around 50 Hz to several hundred Hertz depending on the test object capacitance.
High voltage testing will also check for local faults. For example, an XLPE cable will tend to turn critical water trees into electrical trees and subsequently cause a failure. Having been subjected to adverse impulses/surges during its service lifetime, testing will be necessary to find and avert imminent in-service failures in the future.
If cable testing highlights a subsequent failure, this indicates that the cable is already in a highly compromised condition. Company staff should be prepared at this stage to make any necessary repairs to the cable at the position indicated by previous tests. After repair, the cable will have a withstand test again until it passes the required voltage of the test.


964. Advance determinations.
The Civil Aviation Authority ('CAA')1 may make a market power determination2 or an operator determination3 based entirely or partly on circumstances that have not arisen at the time the determination is made4. Such a determination may be made only if the CAA considers that the specified circumstances are likely to arise5. The CAA must specify the circumstances in the determination6.
The CAA is not required7 to publish or send a copy of a notice of a determination made in reliance of the above provisions8, or reasons for such a determination, at a time when the circumstances specified in the determination


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Background: Migraine mechanisms are *These authors contributed equally to this work. only partly known. Some studies have previously described genes differentially expressed between blood from migraineurs and controls. The objective of this study was to describe gene expression in subtypes of migraine outside of attack and in healthy controls.
Methods: We extensively phenotyped 17 migraine without aura and nine migraine with aura female patients, and 20 age-matched female controls. Cubital venous blood was RNA sequenced. Genes differentially expressed between migraineurs (migraine without aura and migraine with aura) and controls, and between migraine without aura and migraine with aura were identified using a case-control design. A co-expression network was constructed to investigate the difference between migraineurs and healthy controls at the network level.
Results: We found two differentially expressed genes: NMNAT2 and RETN. Both were differentially expressed between migraine with aura and controls, but they could not be replicated in an independent cohort. Co-expression network analysis resulted in one cluster of highly interconnected genes that was nominally significantly associated with migraine; however, no pathways or gene ontology terms were detected.
Conclusions: We showed no clear distinct difference in gene expression profiles of peripheral blood of migraineurs and controls and were not able to replicate findings from previous studies. A larger sample size may be needed to detect minor differences.
Keywords: Migraine; aura; co-expression network; gene expression; whole blood.


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The ideal of mass customization is to satisfy individual customer requirements efficiently. This can be realized with configurable products that can be adapted, within the bounds of pre-designed offered variation, to individual requirements. Configurators are information systems that support efficient and errorless specification of individualized products or services. Applying the Design Science research approach, a number of artifacts that support the sales configuration of physical products and services were developed with the aim of advancing the state of the art of practically applicable configurators. We present a conceptualization for configuration knowledge that unifies previous connection-based, resource-based, structure-based, and function-based approaches. The conceptualization is object oriented and treats the main concepts uniformly with respect to several criteria, including the availability of taxonomic hierarchies with refinement, abstraction, and applicability of attributes. A detailed conceptualization for representing the variable compositional structure of components and functions is included. The main artifact of this work is a novel configurator instantiation called WeCoTin. It consists of a graphical modeling environment Modeling Tool and a Web-based Configuration Tool that supports the configuration task. WeCoTin is based on a well-founded modeling conceptualization and a corresponding high-level object-oriented modeling language with clear formal semantics, provided by mapping the modeling language to weight constraint rules—a form of logic programs. The Modeling Tool enables efficient graphical modeling and includes features that support long-term management. The Configuration Tool provides Web-based sales configuration functionality. It applies an inference engine that is based on weight constraint rules to provide consistent and complete inference. Evaluation includes the characterization of 26 sales configuration models and run-time performance analysis. Enabled by the novel principles of WeCoTin, an information systems design theory for sales configurators is proposed. Recommendation technologies can support users during choice navigation. We present scenarios in which support can be offered and analyze the applicability of recommendation technologies. We propose extensions to the existing case-based feature value recommendation technologies by integrating importance weights and similarity metrics. A basic evaluation of the utility of the case-based collaborative approach was provided through an empirical study. Due to the importance of services, mass customization of services by configuration is crucial. We discuss the offered variation of configurable services in three industries and the applicability of configurators designed for physical products in the context of service configuration.
|Publication status||Published - 2014|
|MoE publication type||G2 Master's thesis, polytechnic Master's thesis|
Note regarding dissertationPhD dissertation in reality, the system only allows M.Sc.
Fields of Science
- service configuration
- configuration modeling
- design science
- information systems design theory
- palvelujen konfigurointi
- tietojärjestelmien suunnitteluteoria


Maximum Smoke Temperature in Non-Smoke Model Evacuation Region for Semi-Transverse Tunnel Fire
Authors
1 School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510640, China
2 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 51064, China
Abstract
Smoke temperature distribution in non-smoke evacuation under different mechanical smoke exhaust rates of semi-transverse tunnel fire were studied by FDS numerical simulation in this paper. The effect of fire heat release rate (10MW 20MW and 30MW) and exhaust rate (from 0 to 160m3/s) on the maximum smoke temperature in non-smoke evacuation region was discussed. Results show that the maximum smoke temperature in non-smoke evacuation region decreased with smoke exhaust rate. Plug-holing was observed below the smoke vent when smoke exhaust rate increased to a certain value. Smoke spreading distance can be divided into three stages according to changes of smoke exhaust rate. The maximum smoke temperature model concluded that the peak temperature rise at tunnel vault is proportional to 0.75 power of dimensionless fire power. The maximum temperature in non-smoke evacuation region decays exponentially with the increase of smoke exhaust rate. However smoke vent interval influences the dimensionless maximum temperature in non-smoke evacuation region slightly. Smoke vent interval influences the dimensionless maximum temperature in non-smoke evacuation region slightly.
Keywords