text:
Zapping the ears with a mild electrical current can help combat the potentially deadly condition sepsis.
The new approach, which involves a device that looks and wears like earphones attached to a battery-powered generator, works by stimulating a nerve just below the surface of the skin.
Sepsis occurs when the immune system overreacts to an infection anywhere in the body, such as the chest, urinary tract, or even due to a cut in the skin.
This overreaction floods the body with cytokines, compounds that cause blood vessels to dilate, leading to a dramatic drop in blood pressure.
This cytokine rush also causes inflammation that can lead to life-threatening damage to organs such as the heart, lungs, kidneys and liver.
Zapping the ears with a mild electrical current can help combat the potentially deadly condition sepsis. File image
Sepsis occurs when the immune system overreacts to an infection anywhere in the body, such as the chest, urinary tract, or even due to a cut in the skin. File image
The results of a small trial conducted in China show that the ear-zapping technique reduces levels of inflammatory molecules.
It also stimulates the release of anti-inflammatory molecules that can help slow or even stop the progression of the condition.
Sepsis affects nearly 250,000 people in the UK each year and leads to around 48,000 deaths.
Stimulating the vagus nerve in the ear could help Parkinson's patients with their mobility, suggests a study from Nanjing Medical University in China.
Scientists tested the therapy in 22 patients whose gait was affected by the disease and found that zapping the nerve for 30 minutes twice a day improved gait speed and stride length in a week, the journal CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics reported.
It is thought that repeatedly activating the vagus nerve helps to improve muscle control in the lower body.
Doctors currently treat it with high doses of antibiotics to kill the bacteria causing the infection, and fluids to support blood pressure and restore blood flow to vital organs.
But with nearly 30 per cent of patients with sepsis dying from it, there is an urgent need for better treatments, according to the charity UK Sepsis Trust.
Researchers at Shandong University in China launched a clinical trial after animal studies suggested the tickling treatment could reduce the sudden inflammation that overwhelms the body during sepsis.
The device is worn like an earphone that, once in position in each ear, stimulates a branch of the vagus nerve – a major nerve that runs from the chest to the brain (with a branch just under the skin in the center of the ear) involved in controlling everything from swallowing to controlling heart rate and digestion.
Stimulation of the vagus nerve has become a powerful treatment for epilepsy and depression, and has shown promise in relieving the pain of cluster headaches (a severe type of headache) and osteoarthritis caused by wear and tear on the joints.
But it usually involves surgery to implant a battery-powered generator just below the collarbone.
The earclips can be a non-invasive, safer alternative.
In the recent trial, researchers selected 20 patients who had been admitted to intensive care with sepsis.
They all wore the headphones, but only half received electrical stimulation – 30 minutes a day, five days in a row; the others acted as a control group.
The results, published in the journal Brain Stimulation, showed that patients who received the ear zap treatment experienced significant reductions in levels of inflammatory chemicals — specifically one called TNF-alpha, a type of protein that floods the bodies of sepsis patients.
They also experienced a surge in levels of anti-inflammatory proteins that help limit the damage caused by sepsis, and had a lower risk of organ failure compared to the control group.
What's in a name?
The origin of disorders with quirky names. This week: Don Juan break
A Don Juan fracture is a break in the calcaneus bone, or heel bone, which lies at the back of the foot below the three bones that make up the ankle joint.
"This name is said to come from legends about Lotharios fleeing their mistresses' bedrooms to escape being caught, often jumping out of windows and breaking their heels," explains Kumar Kunasingam, an orthopedic surgeon at Croydon Health Services NHS Trust.
"Today I see this kind of injury more often after people fall off ladders, especially when doing odd jobs or gardening, or picking up Christmas decorations from the loft."
He adds, "These falls can lead to quite catastrophic injuries to both the bones and the soft tissue around them. Often the broken bones are not repaired by surgery alone and must be kept in place and immobilized in an Aircast boot for six to 12 weeks."
Patients may then require rehabilitation to 're-learn' how to walk with the help of physiotherapists.
KinKind's After Sun Lotion Bar contains aloe vera to soothe the skin, as well as moisturizing shea butter and cocoa butter. There's no plastic packaging – and no risk of spills, so it's convenient for travel. £7.50 from KinKind.co.uk
Nutrients that work best when consumed together. This week: Selenium and sulforaphane
Sulforaphane is a powerful chemical found in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cauliflower and kale.
Studies suggest it may be up to 13 times more potent at fighting cancer-causing free radical molecules when consumed with the mineral selenium than when used alone. Selenium is found in Brazil nuts, crab, fish and poultry and also has some cancer prevention properties.
The benefit of consuming them together may be that they have overlapping mechanisms that increase the activity of certain enzymes.
TRY: Turkey and watercress sandwich; raw or steamed broccoli sprinkled with chopped Brazil nuts; or cauliflower rice stir-fried with salmon.
The theory is that vagus stimulation helps by somehow "resetting" the immune system, stopping the overreaction that leads to sepsis.
Dr. Ron Daniels, an NHS consultant on intensive care in Birmingham and executive director of the UK Sepsis Trust, said: 'This is a small study, but the results are interesting and deserve further investigation.
"Sepsis has a high mortality rate and any intervention that seems promising deserves more research, especially if it is non-invasive and likely to be relatively inexpensive, as in this case."


this
 1: public class StructureMapBootrstrapper
 2: {
 3: public static void Bootstrap(IContainer container)
 4: {
 5: container.Configure(x =>
 6: {
 7: x.Scan(a =>
 8: {
 9: a.AssembliesFromApplicationBaseDirectory();
 10: a.LookForRegistries();
 11: });
 12: });
 13: }
 14: }
Note that we pass it an instance of IContainer. We could use ObjectFactory (which simply is a static facade for the main container) directly but we want to keep dependencies to our concrete classes to a minimum.
In the entry point of our application we simply call our Bootstrapper and pass it our container.
 1: Configuration.StructureMapBootrstrapper.Bootstrap(ObjectFactory.Container);
In this example we probably wouldn't have needed a LogRegistry since those registrations (as well as the others we've seen before) all could have been registered using the default conventions. Usually what you want is to use the default conventions as much as possible and then do manual registration (using the Registry class) for cases were the convention doesn't cut it.
Switching implementations
For me, one of the great things about using an IoC-container is that it's very easy to change the way your application behaves without having to change the code directly. It's simply a matter of configuration. Let's look at the following example: Our application sends mails via SMTP with the following setup.
 1: public interface ISendMailMessage
 2: {
 3: void SendMessag(MailMessage message);
 4: }
 1: public class SendMailMessageViaSmtp : ISendMailMessage
 2: {
 3: public void SendMessag(MailMessage message)
 4: {
 5: using (var client = new SmtpClient(""))
 6: {
 7: client.Send(message);
 8: }
 9: }
 10: }
 1: public class MailRegistry : Registry
 2: {
 3: public MailRegistry()
 4: {
 5: For()
 6: .Use();
 8: For()
 9: .Use();
 10: }
 11: }
When we're doing our development locally we might not have access to that server or for some other reason don't want to send mail. We could of course do various "hacks" such as comment/uncomment code in the SendMailMessageViaSmtp class but this rarely leads to a solid solution in the end.
Using profiles
There are various better approaches, one of which is using profiles in SM. What this enables is to do is create different configurations for different profiles. For our development machine we've created another implementation that logs the mail to a text file
 1: public class LogMailMessage : ISendMailMessage
 2: {
 3: public void SendMessag(MailMessage message)
 4: {
 5: using(var writer = new StreamWriter(@"MailLog.txt", true))
 6: {
 7: writer.WriteLine(
 8: "Sending mailmessage from {0} to {1} with subject {2}",
 9: message.From.Address,
 10: message.To,
 11: message.Subject
 12: );
 13: }
 14: }
 15: }
In our mailregistry we create a profile call DEBUG and instruct SM to use this class with this profile
 1: For()
 2: .Use();
 4: Profile("DEBUG", profile =>
 5: {
 6: profile.For()
 7: .Use();
 8: });
And then use whatever logic we see fit to switch to this profile when appropriate
 1: _TAG_ DEBUG
 2: ObjectFactory.Profile = "DEBUG";
 3: _TAG_
Using conditional logic
Another way to accomplish switching which implementation to use is by using conditions in our configuration. So, instead of looking at whether we build our application in debug mode or not let's say that we want to switch our mail implementation depending on our machine name. Using conditionals we can accomplish this with the following configuration.
 1: ObjectFactory.Configure(x =>
 2: {
 3: x.For()
 4: .ConditionallyUse(c =>
 5: {
 6: c.If(context => Environment.MachineName.Equals("CNNOTE41"))
 7: .ThenIt
 8: .Is
 9: .ConstructedBy(by => new SendMailMessageViaSmtp());
 11: c.TheDefault
 12: .Is
 13: .ConstructedBy(by => new LogMailMessage());
 14: });
 15: });
Primitive constructor arguments
In some constructors you may have a dependency on some primitive types (string, int etc). A classic example of this is some form of repository class which takes a connection string as a constructor parameter. If we for a moment ignore why this may be a bad idea from an architectural point of view how do you do this using SM?
As it turns out it's as simple as telling SM what we want to use for the parameter in question. Given this repository class
 1: public class Repository : IRepository
 2: {
 3: private string connectionString;
 5: public Repository(string connectionString)
 6: {
 7: this.connectionString = connectionString;
 8: }
 10: public string GetConnectionString()
 11: {
 12: return connectionString;
 13: }
 14: }
we can inject our connection string of choice using the Ctor method
 1: ObjectFactory.Configure(x =>
 2: {
 3: x.For()
 4: .Use()
 5: .Ctor()
 6: .Is("Stefans connectionstring");
 7: });
Since our class only had one constructor parameter of type string SM can figure out the matching. If we've had two we would have to specify which of the parameters belonged with which value. To do this you simply specify a name in the Ctor method. The following code will yield the same result as above but explicitly specifies which constructor parameter to set
 1: x.For()
 2: .Use()
 3: .Ctor("connectionString")
 4: .Is("Stefans connectionstring");
Lists and AddAllTypesOf
Imagine we're building some sort of pluggable part of our framework where 3rd party assemblies want us to execute their code of a certain interface. The somewhat contrived example for this is a HelloService that takes a list of ISayHello and simply loops through them and executes the hello method on each of them.
 1: public class SayHelloService
 2: {
 3: private List helloList;
 5: public SayHelloService(List helloList)
 6: {
 7: this.helloList = helloList;
 8: }
 10: public void SayHello()
 11: {
 12: helloList.ForEach(x => Console.Out.WriteLine(x.Hello()));
 13: }
 14: }
 1: public interface ISayHello
 2: {
 3: string Hello();
 4: }
We can instruct SM to scan assemblies according to some logic and then add all types it can find of a certain interface.
 1: public class SayHelloRegistry : Registry
 2: {
 3: public SayHelloRegistry()
 4: {
 5: Scan(a =>
 6: {
 7: a.AssembliesFromApplicationBaseDirectory();
 8: a.AddAllTypesOf();
 9: });
 10: }
 11: }
So if we have two concrete implementations of the ISayHello interface
 1: public class SayHelloInEnglish : ISayHello
 2: {
 3: public string Hello()
 4: {
 5: return "Hello";
 6: }
 7: }
 9: public class SayHelloInSwedish : ISayHello
 10: {
 11: public string Hello()
 12: {
 13: return "Tjena";
 14: }
 15: }
SM is smart enough to


Monday, May 5, 2014
Florida Senate Passes Textbook Review Legislation to Stop Islamic Propaganda to our Children
Pamela Geller / Atlas Shrugs
This is a very good first step to purge our public schools of Islamic proselytizing and historical revisionism. Check your children and your grandchildren's textbooks. Find like-minded parents. Pushback.
"Florida Senate Passes Textbook Review Legislation," By Creeping Sharia
…to stop the stealth Islamic proselytizing of your children.
Aya Sewell, Sarasota Citizen Activist Protests
Aya Sewell, Sarasota Citizen Activist Protests
NER: Last Friday in Tallahassee, April 11, 2014, the Republican controlled Florida Senate passed SB864 sponsored by Sen. Alan Hays (R-Umatilla) by a narrow vote of 21 to 19. The measure would eliminate State Department of Education control over selection of textbooks returning that role to Florida's 67 school districts, requiring open public hearing on texts used in courses. The bill reflected in part concerns of conservative Groups over the Common Core Curriculum State Standards, sponsored by the National Association of Governors and Council of Chief State School Officers seeking to impose national standards. Despite that criticism the Common Core has been adopted in Forty-four states, the District of Columbia, four territories, and the Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA).
However, SB864 was largely prompted by a different issue; objections of parental groups in several Florida counties in about the treatment of Islam and Muslim culture in world history textbooks on the Florida State Department of Education list of approved texts. A companion bill (HB 921) is working its way through the Florida House sponsored by Rep. Matt Gaetz of Fort Walton. That version would provide a local option to districts to review texts; however, the selections must still meet state standards. Gaetz was quoted in a News Herald editorial saying:
"I think there's an increasing frustration by parents in our state, that they don't have a lot of say regarding the content and materials their children use in the classroom."
Local advocates here in Florida drew attention to misrepresentations of Islam in protests in Volusia, Brevard and Sarasota Counties. Our Iconoclast post on the subject, "Sarasota, Florida's biased Islam textbook problem", highlighted the relentless efforts of citizen activist Aya Sewell.
Ms. Sewell is of Iraqi Jewish heritage, members of her family were subject to a 1941 pogrom against the Jewish population in Baghdad, the Farhud. Sewell led a campaign against such texts locally in Sarasota, as well as before the Florida Department of Education. Elsewhere in the US, Tennessee parents have also raised objections to similar course material extolling Palestinian suicide bombers. Americans for Peace and Tolerance (APT) in Boston accused the Newton, Massachusetts school board and superintendent for permitting use of texts and course materials that engage in promoting false information regarding both Islam and demonization of Israel.
APT undertook content and bias analysis and promoted their findings that included placing ads in local area media and a petition campaign.
An article in the current edition of Education Week noted the debate over the pending Florida textbook legislation:
[Sen. ]Hays said the legislation was needed so that school board members will be accountable to parents and voters. He said school board members have blamed the state for the textbooks they picked.
"This bill imposes on the local school board members the responsibility and accountability to their citizens," Hays said.
Opponents complained it would cost districts money to review textbooks. Sen. Geraldine Thompson, D-Orlando, said she was worried that some districts would wind up censoring some books, while other senators raised questions about whether districts would pick textbooks aligned to the state's current standards.
Even Florida Education Commissioner Pam Stewart questioned Hays' bill.
"From a practical standpoint it lifts a burden from us," Stewart said. "But we heard loud and clear from districts that they rely on (the state review). They need that. They don't have the resources to be able to do that."
The post Florida Senate Passes Textbook Review Legislation to Stop Islamic Propaganda to our Children appeared first on Pamela Geller, Atlas Shrugs.
Government Land Grabs: The Truth Exposed - Part 4
By: Diane Sori
Again it's no coincidence that the maps correspond directly with the government land grabs in the western United States. We also provide in that article, details as to whom the recipients are of our most volatile natural resources. It's stunning to say the least.
western 2Now in this, our final part of this investigative series, we will floor you with a few more resources that lie under the ground of the western lands being seized, unconstitutionally by our federal government and how those other resources play into your lives, because of the agenda and ideology of the Obama regime, in a most disturbing and dire way.
Of the other resources buried beneath the hijacked lands in the west is none other than helium. Yes, helium and if you think it's just for party balloons…think again but, before we get into the true and most disturbing part of this, you need to know a few things about our helium reserves.
Our government has a long history of maintaining control over our deposits of helium and, from 1929 until 1960, the U.S. government was the ONLY domestic producer of the gas at which point, the Helium Act OF 1960 directed the Secretary of the Interior to ACQUIRE and conserve helium using funds 'borrowed' from the United States Treasury.
western 3As demand for helium increased through the 1990's,'incentives' were offered to PRIVATE natural gas producers to distill the gas and sell it to the GOVERNMENT but privatization of the process was retooled in 1996 when, guess who…The Department of the Interior's Bureau of Land Management (BLM) was put in charge of providing crude helium to refiners, regulating helium withdrawal from the federal pipeline…the very same government entity also in charge of grabbing western lands and running private landholders OFF the land. Interesting isn't it?
For a decade, between 1996 and 2006, congress was able to maintain privatization of the helium in our western states, selling off vast reserves of it until April of 2008, just scant months before the nomination of Obama when Department of the Interior, (the BLM) and the National Research Council formed a committee to revisit the issue of selling off most of the reserve. Then, in August of 2008, just before Obama's election, the US Dept. of the Interior Inspector General's Office of Inspections and Office of Investigations found the BLM helium program vulnerable to fraud, abuse and large losses stemming from its less-than-arms-length relationship with a contractor representing several large helium refiners on the pipeline.
WESTERN 4Compare the image above where everything in red is controlled by the federal government to the other map image that shows uranium deposits (and anywhere one finds uranium, one also finds helium) to see they match almost to a tee.
So, why is it now, that the corrupt BLM is tasked with the seizing of more and more western land where oil shale, coal, natural gas, uranium and…HELIUM are situated? Yes, it's a simple scientific fact that where one finds natural gas and uranium one also finds helium (and other resources) buy why would this regime be so hell bent on controlling HELIUM of all things?
Remember…they who control the land control the resources on and under it. Those who control the resources control the energy from its extraction to its production to its price and to its consumption. When the government controls our most important energy deposits…it controls the people and a key component of controlling the people, to this regime specifically, is control over the lives of the people as in who gets to keep on living at all.
That's correct…HELIUM as well as a few other resources found widely on the lands the Obama regime is making inaccessible to any and all private landholders plays a KEY role in…
YES ObamaCare...for under the grounds already owned or currently wanted by the BLM sits our nation's deposits of both helium and vanadium...and while most think of helium as just the stuff that fills balloons and probably no one ever heard of vanadium, both are critical to nuclear power plant operations and to the medical industry, and therefore critical to ObamaCare with its dreaded 'death panels.'
Helium (there are two forms of helium, helium-3 and helium-4) is commercially recovered from natural gas deposits in Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Kansas with some of the richest resources under the Texas Panhandle...under land the feds want. And there are helium extraction operations on BLM land in Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming, and BLM processing 'facilities' in Texas and Kansas. And here's something of interest, the Federal Helium Stockpile is located outside Amarillo Texas, is owned by U.S. citizens but is inaccessible to all but the feds...hmmm...
Helium-3 is primarily used as cooling medium for our nuclear reactors and thus comes under the control of the federal government. So while it's bad enough that Obama has put a moratorium on building new nuclear power plants, just remember that even if NO moratorium was in place he could just order the processing to be stopped on lands where BLM processing plants are located.
Controlled by the feds...and if that's NOT enough to raise your


Reports
Infantile experience with suckling odors determines adult sexual behavior in male rats
See allHide authors and affiliations
Science 14 Feb 1986:
Vol. 231, Issue 4739, pp. 729-731
DOI: 10.1126/science._PHONE_
Abstract
Because infant rats learn about odors that elicit suckling, and because certain chemosensory cues that help elicit mating behavior in adults are similar to those that elicit suckling, an experiment was undertaken to assess the influence of suckling-associated odors experienced during infancy on adult sexual behavior. Rat pups lived with and suckled dams whose nipple and vaginal odors were altered with citral, a lemon scent. The rats were weaned and never exposed again, until testing, to citral or females. At about 100 days of age, the males were paired in mating tests with a normal sexually receptive female or with a sexually receptive female that had been treated perivaginally with citral immediately before testing. The males ejaculated readily when paired with citral-treated females but were slow to achieve ejaculation when paired with normal females. These findings implicate an infantile experience as a determinant of adult sexual behavior in a mammal.
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Beach Grade Methodology
The log mean for the past 30 days of data for each sampling station is calculated for total coliform, fecal coliform or E. coli and enterococcus bacteria. Sampling data that are influenced by rainfall are excluded.
The 30 day log mean is applied to the tables below to arrive at a grade. Since a grade is generated for each of the 3 types of bacteria tested at each station, the lowest of the three grades is used as the assigned grade.
If there are less than 4 test results in a 30 day period for any of the 3 bacteria tests, the results are considered insufficient to assign a grade. If all 3 bacteria tests fall into this category the sampling station is assigned an "ID" (insufficient data to assign a grade).
The table for E. coli is used in place of Fecal Coliform for sampling data from the Department of Health Service's due to the method of testing performed.
Total Coliform
A <=500 (org/100ml.)
B 501 - 1000
C 1001 - 2000
D 2001 - 3000
F >3000
Fecal Coliform
A <=100 (org/100ml.)
B 101 - 200
C 201 - 400
D 401 - 600
F >600
E. coli
A <=80 (org/100ml.)
B 81 - 160
C 161 - 320
D 321 - 480
F >480
Enterococcus
A <=18 (org/100ml.)
B 19 - 35
C 36 - 70
D 71 - 105
F >105

Public Health has made reasonable efforts to provide accurate translation. However, no computerized translation is perfect and is not intended to replace traditional translation methods. If questions arise concerning the accuracy of the information, please refer to the English edition of the website, which is the official version.
Los Angeles County Seal: Enriching lives through effective and caring services


text:
What is Proprioception?
Proprioception is like a navigation system you have in your car (GPS – Global Positioning System). Your brain is the navigation system, and the roads on the navigation system is the nervous system of your body. The roads connects cities to each other, just as your nerves from your brain connects to all the organs and muscles of your body.
Imagine there's a traffic jam, or a road that is closed due to some unforeseen circumstances. What will happen? Delay? Swap to perhaps a longer car journey than expected? Or in some cases, you can't get to your destination due to the only road there was closed. If this happens to the nervous system due to mechanical changes and adaptation from earlier damage, e.i. falls or car accidents etc. It is researched upon that certain neurological changes will takes place on how you will use the muscles in your body. This can in some cases lead to faulty patterns on how you use your muscles day to day, and eventually lead to muscles that should not preform a given task to fall under stress and get injured, which will results in symptoms of pain, like for example low back pain. This will be called a typical repetitive strain injury.
Research done by Heidi Haavik can now confirm that chiropractic adjustments can help to reset the blocked roads of the nervous system in order to "reset" how the muscles should work.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The Ecological Model
Don Perras designed the Ecological Model to offer educators a preventative system of practical techniques to address today's challenging classrooms. While classroom management issues are a prime stressor for educators, training and professional development typically offer minimal preparation in this critical area.
This conflict is severely impacting teacher mental health.
Don recognizes this dilemma, and has developed the Ecological Model to enhance student learning while developing prosocial conduct. The model reflects four decades of classroom observations in 291 schools and 37 private agencies.
Increased student diversity
Lack of mastery of basic skills
Declined commitment to long-term personal goals
Focus on social popularity / peer pressure
The environment of public / private education is changing rapidly. Don's training helps today's educators manage their classrooms.
Besides differences in overall student behavior and commitment to learning, Don is sensitive to administrative pressures and teaching factors influencing our public and parochial schools' mission:
large percentage of retiring veteran teachers [national shortage crisis]
many new and inexperienced teachers
too many expectations of teachers without adequate resources, time, and supervision
increase of academic demands impacted by behavioral issues
Don trains administrators and teachers to implement his Ecological Model by empowering educators to understand behavior, practice creative instructional techniques, and establish positive group strategies designed to stabilize teacher/student/school interactions. These management procedures are field-tested and continuously perfected in many schools.
Don offers Ecological Model inservice workshops in a variety of formats. Instructional videotapes are shown during the sessions of consultees demonstrating environmental design, instructional methods, and group management techniques. View sample instructional videos of Don's system on 'YouTube.'
On-site personalized support for educators is recommended to strengthen teachers' application of Ecological Model strategies. 'New' staff are mandated to receive this assistance to maximize their professional talents and personal welfare.


text:
- Explain the importance of Salesforce user records.
- Explain the difference between deactivating and freezing a user record.
- Explain how a user can become locked and unlocked.
- Explain the concept of record ownership.
- Describe the capabilities of queues.
- Describe which objects support queues.
- Explain the difference between user and feature licenses.
- Explain how licensing influences what actions a user can perform.
- Explain the implications of user localization settings.
- Describe the translation capabilities of Salesforce.
- Describe the different methods that can be used to authenticate to Salesforce.
- Describe identity verification, and under what conditions it occurs.
- Describe how to monitor and remove activations.
- Describe the security token, and under what conditions it is required.
- Describe the steps required to login as another user.
- Describe a session, and what settings influence sessions.
- Describe how to monitor and remove sessions.
- User Setup – Module Checkpoint
Explain how licensing influences what actions a user can perform.
The combination of a user's license(s) and permissions determine what data they can access and what actions they can perform within Salesforce.
For example, to create a campaign within Salesforce, the user must have the Salesforce user license (or similar), the Marketing User feature license, and the permission to create campaign records (discussed in Security and Access ).
Resources for this Objective
Overview of Salesforce.com User Records
Video Must 10m CertifiedOnDemand.com
ARVE Error: API endpoint returned a 403 error. This can occur when a video has embedding disabled or restricted to certain domains.


text:
Andrew Needham is a historian of the twentieth-century United States who specializes in the relationship between urban life and the natural environment. His work is animated by the question: How has urbanization spurred far-reaching changes in human societies and natural ecologies? He is the author of Power Lines: Phoenix and the Making of the Modern Southwest (2014), which explores the transformation of Phoenix and the Navajo nation in the years after World War II and tells the story of the far-reaching environmental and social inequalities of metropolitan growth as well as the roots of our contemporary coal-fueled climate change crisis. It received five book prizes, including the George Perkins Marsh Prize for the best book in environmental history, the Caughey Western History Association Prize, and the David J. Weber and Bill Clements Prize for best nonfiction work on the American Southwest.
Needham is currently working on two new projects. The first, "Engineering Sustainability: Nature and Technology in Urban America," is a history of urban infrastructure in the long twentieth century. In it he examines both how urban officials have used spatial expansion to solve environmental problems—considering the reversal of the Chicago River, segregation of environmental nuisances in Los Angeles, the construction of Jones Beach off Long Island, the construction of bart in the San Francisco Bay area, and the expansion of Detroit's water system into its suburbs—and how the resulting infrastructures have changed social and environmental communities. His second project, "The Origins of the Climate Crisis: Metropolitanism and Energy Use in Postwar America," explores the ways ideas and public policies spurred metropolitan growth as well as climate change.
Click here for more information about Andrew Needham.
- Power Lines: How Energy from Indian Lands Fueled the Growth of Phoenix, Los Angeles, and the Postwar Southwest
- Gotham's Nature: The Environmental History of New York City
- The Social History of the Climate Crisis
- Engineering Sustainability: Urban Infrastructure and Ecological Crisis in the Twentieth Century


Kitchen Krafts
Make Your Own … Bubbles
(Note: Do this activity outdoors.)
1/4 cup good quality liquid dishwashing detergent4 cups water
large container (for dipping the straw frame)
35″ (89 cm) length of cotton kite string
2 plastic drinking straws 7 3/4″ (19.7 cm) long
 1. 1.
 In a bowl, mix the dishwashing detergent with the water and pour into the container.
 2. 2.
 Thread one end of the string through each straw and tie both ends in a knot.
 3. 3.
 Holding one straw with each hand, form a frame and put it into the solution. As you slowly take it out, a film will form on the frame (see illustration). Hold your arms out in front of you and slowly pull the frame to the side. The air will force the film off and make bubbles. You can change the bubble patterns by the way you move or shake the frame. To close off one large bubble, twist the frame towards you. The bubble will form a sphere and drift away.
Make Your Own … Baking-Soda Clay
2 cups baking soda
1 cup cornstarch
food coloring (optional)
1 1/4 cups water
 1. 1.
 In a saucepan, mix the baking soda with the cornstarch.
 2. 2.
 Stir a few drops of food coloring in the water, if desired, then add it to the mixture and stir. Cook the mixture over medium heat, stirring continuously. When the mixture looks like moist mashed potatoes, remove the pan from the stove.
 3. 3.
 Put the clay on a large plate and cover it with a damp cloth. As soon as the clay is cool enough to handle, knead it until it is smooth. It can be used several weeks if it is stored in a tightly closed plastic bag in the refrigerator.
Make Your Own … Finger Paint
2 cups water
food coloring
1/3 cup cornstarch
1/3 cup warm water
 1. 1.
 In a saucepan, bring 2 cups water and desired coloring to a boil.
 2. 2.
 Put the cornstarch into a small bowl, dissolve it with 1/3 cup warm water, then gradually stir it into the boiling water. Stirring constantly, bring the mixture to a boil again. Then remove the pan from the heat and let it cool.
[photos] Photos by Welden Andersen, posed by models


text:
Design of Siphon Penstocks for Low Head Hydrosby Jey K. Jeyapalan, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA,
Terry L. Hampton, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA,
Document Type: Proceeding Paper
Part of: Water Power '87
Abstract: Siphon penstocks have been designed and constructed at Jim Falls and Winter, Wisconsin at existing dams. Both hydropower projects are located on the Chippewa River. The design of these two projects involved the recognition of various types of anticipated hydraulic and structural loads and the use of design codes and finite element analysis. Both siphon penstocks were fabricated with A36 carbon steel and were supported at appropriate locations using either existing structures or newly designed concrete saddles. Both projects have been operating successfully since their installations in June and October, 1986. These projects provide precedent-setting design features for building siphon penstocks at other sites where low head hydropower units are planned, but at a lower cost than conventional penstocks.
Subject Headings: Conduits | Siphons | Hydraulic design | Hydro power | Hydraulic loads | Head (fluid mechanics) | Building design | Structural design | Finite element method | Wisconsin | North America | United States
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Marge on the Lam Written by Bill Canterbury Directed by Mark Kirkland =============================================================================== Production code: 1F03 Original airdate in N.A.: 5-Nov-93 Capsule revision J, 21-Jul-96 =============================================================================== > Title sequence =============================================================================== Blackboard :- None due to shortened intro. Lisa's Solo:- None due to shortened intro. Couch :- The family run towards the couch and crash through the backdrop which is painted to look like the living room. Their outlines are left in the backdrop. =============================================================================== > Did you notice... ===============================================================================... the pledges received total $0,000,023.58?... Homer sports a "No Fat Chicks" T-shirt?... Otto wears his walkman inside the dance club?... Brockman incorrectly calls the last book of the bible "Revelations" instead of "Revelation"? Tony Hill:... Homer calls Marge "Marjorie"?... there are Military Police present when Homer is getting injected? Ricardo Lafaurie:... when everyone run through the wall in the couch, everyone's hair made holes too (even Homer's)?... Homer doesn't ask Lenny or Carl for change?... Burns has a heart-shaped carpet and was playing girlie music?... the animation when Bart says "We don't need a babysitter" was obviously recycled from an earlier season?... Otto recognizes Marge right off?... Ruth keeps a _loaded_ gun on her person?... Chief Wiggum drinks gas? (Assuming that's what moonshine is.)... the freak Homer imagines has the pearls on its antennae and the hair as a beard?... the hairs on Hutz's chest?... everyone leaves Seething Sisters when the police siren was heard?... Hutz carries a knife on him?... Hutz passes himself off as a doctor? =============================================================================== > Voice credits =============================================================================== - Starring - Dan Castellaneta (Homer, Barney, Willy, Quimby) - Julie Kavner (Marge, Patty) - Nancy Cartwright (Bart, woman at truck stop, Kearney) - Yeardly Smith (Lisa) - Hank Azaria (Edward, Pope, Carl, rescue worker, redneck, Moe, man with antique cans, Wiggum, cook, truck stop owner) - Harry Shearer (story reader at telethon, army doctor, Lenny, Burns, Smithers, rescue worker, Flanders, Otto, dispatcher, Kent Brockman) - Special Guest Voice - George Fenneman (Narrator) - Phil Hartman (Troy McClure, Lionel Hutz) - Pamela Reed (Ruth, waitress at truck stop) - Also Starring - Pamela Hayden (punk woman, woman at truck stop) - Maggie Roswell (woman drinking coffee, woman getting legs shaved, woman at truck stop) - Russi Taylor (librarian, woman at truck stop) =============================================================================== > Movie (and other) references =============================================================================== + Garrison Keillor, "A Prairie Home Companion" - man reading at telethon + Edward the Confessor - "Edward the Penitent", the award-winning show + Crystal Pepsi - "Crystal Buzz Cola" "The Muppet Show" {ar} - Burns and Smithers in the opera box + "Thelma and Louise" - blue convertible - much of plot + Ted Kennedy/William Kennedy Smith - Quimby partying with his nephews + "Cheers" - Homer: " gotta go where everybody knows your name." + Hollywood - "SPRINGFIELD" letters on hill + "Dragnet" - sentences of characters read at end - music at beginning of credits - badge behind credits =============================================================================== > Previous episode references =============================================================================== - [7F06] Milhouse: "Let's get outta here!" (cf. Lenny in 1F03) {th} - [7F10] Marge's brain {rl} - [7F11], [8F16], [8F23] Unreturned Flanders stuff {rl} - [8F08], [9F19] The big "SPRINGFIELD" sign a la "HOLLYWOOD" appears {jt} - [8F11] "Stick it to the man!" {rl} - [9F04] Technical Difficulties, with same song {rl} - [9F06] Mrs. Ruth Powers is Laura's mother {rl} - [9F07] The whipping sound is made {rl} - [9F10] Homer: "Like a giant billboard that says 'No fat chicks'?" (cf. T-shirt in 1F03) {jt} - [9F20] "Bartina" (cf. "Homina" in 1F03) - [1F04] Space alien's strangled "Doh-ho-ho" sound (same as Edward the Penitent's) =============================================================================== > Freeze frame fun =============================================================================== - Sign outside gymnasium: Springfield High School Tonight: Professional Ballet Tomorrow: Closed to fix gas leak - Names of clubs, etc.: - Jittery Joe's Coffee Shop - Shot Kickers ("o" burned out) - The Hate Box - The Seething Sisters - Magazines at the Kwik-E-Mart: {rc} - "Modern Bride" - "Jet" with Bleeding Gums Murphy on the cover - Garrett Morris' birthday notice inside - Sign on highway: Entering Badlands High Speed Chases Use Diamond Lane - Lionel Hutz tossed into the fire: {ddg} - dollar bills - a pair of socks - a dress shirt - When Brockman goes off the air: {rc} - "Technical Difficulties, Please Stand By" - Brockman in straight jacket w/ cuckoo coming from forehead - Badge behind credits: {rc} - Badge number 318 - Logo is police HQ with flanking nuclear cooling towers =============================================================================== > Animation, continuity, and other goofs =============================================================================== In Homer's vision of Maggie's wedding, how did Homer manage to get the coat of his suit on if he couldn't get his arms free to stick them in the sleeves? {ddg} "Are you holding onto the can?" doesn't explain why Homer was stuck in the candy machine, as he should have been able to just pull the candy out. {ddg} After Ruth and Marge shoot the cans, there are four cans seen in front of the fence; certainly the cans would have been knocked behind the fence when shot (and where's the fifth can?). {ddg} Marge's hair is shorter than usual in the "date behind the Springfield sign" scene; in "The Way We Was", when she put her hair up for the first time, it was pretty much as tall as it is "today". Each of the three handfulls of stuff Lionel Hutz tosses into the fire contain the same things. Where did Wiggum and Homer get the eggs? When Ruth and Marge are heading for the State Line, they head back in the direction from which they just came (otherwise, how did they pass Homer and Wiggum facing the opposite direction?); also, how did all of those police cars end up between Marge and the state line two miles away? (Of course, this assumes the sign "STATE LINE 2 MILES" refers to an actual state border and not just some place called "State Line" located in the middle of the state. Besides, I was told once that if the police are in pursuit, they can legally make an arrest anywhere in the country.) {ddg} The police car doesn't start falling until it is well over the chasm and has stopped forward motion. {ddg} The front door keeps changing places: {ag} - Ruth comes over to borrow the sander, and the front door has a window in it (with 2 bars), and the hinges are on the RIGHT side. - In the next appearance of the front door, there's no window, and the hinges are on the left side. - In the next appearance, there's no window, and the hinges are on the right side again. =============================================================================== > Reviews =============================================================================== Peter Stein: All in all, this ep. was OK. Not as good as "Rosebud," but tons better than "Homer Goes To College." Highlights IMHO were the SH T KICKERS bar, the truth behind Homer's hair loss (plus giddiness and loss of equilibrium!), Chief Wiggum losing Marge and Ruth in the Badlands, and the Seething Sisters Bar. Andrew Ross: I think I see the pattern emerging for this season. They take one major cultural reference each week and try to make an episode around it. So far, we've had the Beatles, Cape Fear, 70s college party movies, Citizen Kane, and now Thelma and Louise. Not that there's necessarily anything *wrong* with this, but anyone who hasn't seen a particular movie may end up scratching his [or her - ed] head throughout the episode. This one was neither magnificent nor bad, but just generically *good*. Ron Carter: I am probably one of the few people in the world that has not seen "Thelma and Louise" and I still liked this episode. Not all that many solid ref jokes, but still funny. The Homer not letting go of the pop can was a little too predictable, but loved the running "Sunshine, Lollipops..." gag. Some continuity loss makes it a B+. Joey Berner: A strange one! I liked it, there were some good gags (but nothing that really had me rolling) The first and second acts were a lot stronger than the third. They seemed to run


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(243i) Shear-Induced Instability of Blue Phase Liquid Crystals
AIChE Annual Meeting
Tuesday, November 15, 2022 - 10:00am to 10:15am
Blue phase (BP) liquid crystals with a high level of chirality appear between chiral nematic and isotropic phases. In BPs, the anisotropic molecules form arrays of biaxial twisted structures called double-twisted cylinders (DTC). DTCs self-assemble into 3D cubic crystalline structures intertwined with the network of disclination lines arranged into body-centered cubic (BPI) and simple cubic (BPII) lattice symmetries. Here, we have studied the effect of shear flow forces on the arrangement of the disclination lines and the stability of the BP structures in bulk and within spherical microdroplets. The Linkam optical shearing system (CSS450) was used to apply continuous shear deformation to the BP bulk. Moreover, a lab-built microfluidic device was employed to explore the coupling of hydrodynamic forces and curved confinement on the structural reorganization and phase transitions of BPs within spherical droplets. Our results show that the shear deformation reduces the BP transition temperatures and stabilizes their structures at lower temperatures. In the flow-focused capillary microfluidic, on the other hand, the combined effect of shear flow forces and spherical confinement significantly enhances structural instability and temperature drops by about 20°C. This behavior is shear flow are and droplets size correlated; the higher the flow deformation and stronger the confinement, the lower the transition temperature. This phenomenon can be attributed to the extent of hydrodynamic forces acting on BP liquid crystals and the viscous dissipation heat. Understanding the structural transition of BPs in response to flow forces is interesting from a fundamental standpoint and has high practical applications.


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We write about
At the beginning of every year, we are perhaps sick of winter, and we are longing for warmer days. In that situation, finest option is to begin planning future vacations in any interesting place.
Republic of Poland is a perfect place where you can pass your winter free days - Wieliczka salt mine or Auschwitz tours
Republic of Poland is a perfect country where you are able to pass your winter holidays. It is an excellent country for few time trips as well as one day trips. Poland is well-known of its monuments and historical places. Most of recommended areas to visit are situated in the east region of Poland. several of the most influential areas are: wieliczka salt mine and Auschwitz tours. Wieliczka salt mine is placed in Wieliczka, approximately 13 kilometres from Kraków town middle.
An own house is considered to be a dream of rising number of people. It is indicated by the fact that having an own house offers this kind people independence and safety. Generally then various houses are placed on the outskirts of the city, due to which we are considerably less likely to meet with diverse problems the citizens of inner site of bigger cities face quite regularly.
Kids often live in their own world - the land of wonders and fantasies. Even though it can be not easy to enter this world, the adults can help their offspring to realise their fantasies, at least partially.


whereas according to Tosafos, it is a stringency that the questioner must observe but it does not become the law. Is there any practical difference between the two positions?
Indeed, there is! According to Tosafos' approach, the first rav's ruling is binding only if he was stringent, but not if he ruled leniently. If the first rav ruled leniently, not only may one ask a second opinion, but also, if the second rav ruled stringently, one is bound to follow the strict opinion. According to the Rosh, the first rav's ruling is binding in either case, since his decision creates the law, and one would not be obligated to follow the second rav's opinion.
The poskim dispute whether we follow the opinion of Tosafos or that of the Rosh. The Rama (Yoreh Deah 242:31) and the Taz rule like the Rosh, whereas the Shach (ibid. 59) and the Gra rule like Tosafos.
Although the Gemara states that someone who asked a shaylah may not ask a different scholar, hoping that he will be lenient, Tosafos (Avodah Zarah 7a) rules that if one feels that the first rav erred, he may ask a second rav. If the first rav's ruling was clearly an error, his decision is overruled. This is because such a basic error is not considered a halachic ruling at all.
What type of error is overruled?
There are three possible reasons why two poskim might disagree:
A. Machlokes beshikul hadaas – a difference of opinion.
The most common case is where two poskim understand the subject differently, resulting in different rulings. This is not an error but a difference in outlook, and the first rav's verdict cannot be overturned.
B. Ta'us beshikul hadaas – an error in judgment
Sometimes the original decision was because the first rav ruled like one side of an earlier dispute; however, accepted practice follows the conflicting view of that dispute. This is considered an error of judgment, ta'us beshikul hadaas, since it was based on judging which opinion to follow. The poskim dispute whether such an error can be overturned (see Rama, Yoreh Deah 242:31; Shach, ad loc., and Choshen Mishpat 25:14:17).
C. Ta'us bidvar mishna – an error in facts
There are instances where the ruling is clearly erroneous. This is when the rav was unaware of information that overturns his ruling, such as where the ruling conflicts with an undisputed statement in earlier poskim or is based on inaccurate factual information (see Mishnah, Bechoros 28b). It also includes cases where the rav subsequently discovered that contemporary halachic authorities rule differently from the way he did, and he would have accepted their position, had he known (see Sanhedrin 33a).
If, indeed, the first rav erred, his ruling is invalid. Because this is so, one may ask a second rav to investigate whether the first rav's ruling is erroneous (Tosafos, Avodah Zarah 7a).
The Rama (Shu"t #28) discusses such a case. While salting a large pile of meat on Pesach, someone discovered a wheat kernel lying on one piece of meat. The question was whether all the pieces of meat are now chometzdik and must be thrown out, or whether only the piece that actually touched the kernel is prohibited. The rav who answered the shaylah ruled leniently, but a different rav disagreed vociferously. The question was submitted to the Rama for arbitration. What is the status of the meat?
In a lengthy discussion, the Rama demonstrates that one cannot prove that the first rav erred. Therefore, the Rama rules that the meat is permitted, since he contends, like the Rosh, that once the first rav ruled leniently, that is the halacha – unless the ruling was an error. According to the opinion of the Shach, who rules like Tosafos, if the second rav's opinion is more likely accurate, all the meat is prohibited. This is because the first rav was lenient; if he had ruled stringently, both the Rosh and Tosafos would agree that the first ruling is binding.
(By the way, the second rav who contended that all the meat was forbidden may not eat it, because of shavya anafshei chaticha de'issura. It is beyond the scope of this article to discuss whether he may eat food cooked in the pots used to cook this meat.)
Thus, we can now answer Reuven's original shaylah. Although he would like to follow the more lenient opinion of the second posek, once he asked the first rav, he is bound by this decision and must give maaser.
We now understand that unless the original rav erred, one cannot follow the opinion of a different rav who disagrees. However, what happens if the rav who originally prohibited the item changes his mind and now feels differently about the issues? Can the rav change his mind from what he originally ruled and change his psak halacha in that case?
Although one might think that this is certainly permitted, if one considers the reasons mentioned above, it is by no means obvious. Once the rav declared the item prohibited, who says that even he can change his ruling? Indeed, many poskim contend that he cannot, unless his first ruling was an error (Shach, Yoreh Deah 242:58), although others rule that he may change his ruling (Ran, Avodah Zarah 7a, Rama, Yoreh Deah ad loc. and Aruch Hashulchan, Yoreh Deah 242:58-60). An authoritative responsum on this subject appears in Shu"t Panim Meiros (#2).
What happens if the shaylah recurs? If someone asked a shaylah from a rav and the rav ruled stringently, and now the questioner has the same shaylah again, is the questioner bound to follow the psak he received previously?
The Rama (Yoreh Deah 242:31) rules that the binding decision of a rav applies only to the shaylah just asked. However, if the same shaylah recurs, one may ask the shaylah to a different rav. Also, if the first rav changed his mind and someone subsequently asks him a similar shaylah, he may and should rule differently, reflecting his current opinion.
I found a very interesting halachic discussion about this very point. In the United States of the 1930s and '40s, kashrus supervision was very chaotic. It was not uncommon for a businessman to own both kosher and non-kosher food operations, and, unfortunately, this led to many scandals when unscrupulous individuals sold non-kosher food as kosher. The Agudas Harabbanim, then the pre-eminent rabbinic organization in North America, issued a ban on the practice of providing a hechsher to a business owned by someone who also owned a non-kosher business.
A new shaylah arose when large conglomerate corporations that owned non-kosher businesses purchased kosher abattoirs or sausage companies. Was the rav who had previously provided the hechsher to the kosher business now required to remove his hechsher, simply because the parent corporation also owned non-kosher businesses, or did the prohibition to give a hechsher apply only to a business whose management or active ownership included non-kosher operations?
The Agudas Harabbanim assembled a beis din to adjudicate the matter. While this beis din was deliberating, someone questioned whether this beis din could debate the subject, contending that the Agudas Harabbanim had previously prohibited this practice in an earlier ruling. Thus, claimed the naysayer, it was a case of chacham she'horah – the issue was already a closed matter and there was no room to reopen the case!
In a teshuvah penned on Tu Bishvat 5694, Rav Yosef Konwitz, who had previously been the rav of Tzfas and at the time wasa rav in New York, argued that this is a different shaylah, and that the earlier ruling had covered only the case at hand then (Shu"t Divrei Yosef #10). Although the reasons behind the previous ruling may indeed be brought to bear on this case, the newly created beis din has every right to rule on the new cases and to rule differently from the earlier case, if the dayanim disagree with the earlier psak.
We have now established the basic rules whether the psak one receives can be overturned. The basic rules are:
I. If the original psak was an error, as defined above, then the psak is not valid.
II. If it was not an error, then, according to most poskim, the original psak is valid and the rav himself cannot change his ruling on that case. Some poskim contend that the original rav may change his opinion on the original case.
III. The original psak does not affect subsequent cases, even if they affect the same person and he asks the same rav.
Most importantly, we learn from our discussion that once one receives a psak prohibiting something, one may not shop for a heter to permit it.
When does Mincha Start?
Question #


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In general, acid mine drainage (AMD) causes low pH and high metal concentrations in mining areas and surroundings. The aim of this research was to achieve microbiological monitoring for AMD and to assess whether mine water outflows have any ecological effects on the aqueous ecosystem receiving effluents from different types of treatment system. The water quality of aquatic sample was analyzed and the molecular biological diversity of the samples was assessed using 16S rRNA methods, which were implemented to determine which bacteria existed throughout various unit processes for different AMD treatment systems and their receiving water environments. Acidiphilium cryptum, a heterotrophic acidophile, was found at the AMD sites, and Rhodoferax ferrireducens, which can reduce iron using insoluble Fe(III) as an electron acceptor, was detected at many AMD treatment facilities and downstream of the treatment processes. Subsequently, quantitative real-time PCR was conducted on specific genes of selected bacteria. Surprisingly, obvious trends were observed in the relative abundance of the various bacteria that corresponded to the water quality analytical results. The copy number of Desulfosporosinus orientus, a sulfate reducing bacteria, was also observed to decrease in response to decreases in metals according to the downstream flow of the AMD treatment system.
Microbiological monitoring of acid mine drainage treatment systems and aquatic surroundings using real-time PCR
J. S. Han, C. G. Kim; Microbiological monitoring of acid mine drainage treatment systems and aquatic surroundings using real-time PCR. Water Sci Technol 1 June 2009; 59 (11): 2083–2091. doi: _URL_
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Overeating Bursts Stomach
Can eating too much make your stomach burst?
Can you actually eat yourself to death?
By Melissa Dahl
"I ate so much I'm about to burst!"
Someone at your Thanksgiving table will likely say some version of this tomorrow, after you've all stuffed your faces with turkey, mashed potatoes, sweet potatoes and the rest. But how much would you have to eat in order for your stomach to actually burst? Is that even possible?
"Interestingly enough, you can rupture your stomach if you eat too much," says Dr. Rachel Vreeman, co-author of "Don't Cross Your Eyes … They'll Get Stuck That Way!" and assistant professor of pediatrics at Indiana University School of Medicine. "It is possible, but it's very, very rare."
A handful of reports over the years document the tales of people who literally ate themselves to death, or at least came dangerously close: Japanese doctors wrote in a 2003 case report that they believed it was a 49-year-old man's "excessive over-eating" that caused his stomach to rupture, killing him. And this 1991 case report describes a similar "spontaneous rupture" in an adult's stomach "after overindulgence in food and drink."
Normally, your stomach can hold about one or one-and-a-half liters, Vreeman says — this is the point you may reach if you overdo it tomorrow, when you feel full to the point of nausea. Pathologists' reports seem to suggest the stomach is able to do OK handling up to about three liters, but most cases of rupture seem to occur when a person has attempted to stuff their stomach with about five liters of food or fluid. (One of the reports Vreeman came across described the sad case of a woman whose stomach contained 12 liters of stuff.)
It takes a certain amount of misguided determination to manage to override your natural gag reflex and continue to eat (and eat and eat), which is why, not surprisingly, reports of ruptured stomachs caused by overeating are most common in people with some sort of disordered eating, or limited mental capacity, Vreeman says.
"They have unusual eating habits to an extent that their bodies' reflexes no longer respond as they normally do," Vreeman explains. "Their bodies' reflexes have been ignored or abused for so long that they no longer vomit at the appropriate time. And then once the stomach gets to this extremely distended point, the stomach muscles are too stretched out to be strong enough to vomit the food out."
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Nestled in a quiet valley in the English countryside you'll find Moon Meadow Farm. This family owned farm is home to a wealth of fascinating characters including the helpful, witty and sometimes mischievous character, Hedgehog. These stories offer an entertaining glimpse into the lives of Hedgehog and his friends.
Click here to purchase from Amazon UK
Click here to purchase from Amazon US
This charming collection of short stories is a must-read for adults and children who love the English countryside and wildlife. Adults will love reading these tales to younger members of the family whilst older children will delight in discovering Hedgehog and his friends for themselves. This book contains the following tales:
- Hedgehog's Three Wits
- Hedgehog and Snake
- Hedgehog, Fox and the Flies
- Hedgehog versus Hare
- Hedgehog helps Mother Nature
- Hedgehog and Stag
- Hedgehog and the Billy Goat
- Clever Hedgehog
Each tale can be read in approximately ten minutes, making them ideal for when you have a little time to treat yourself or for sharing during story time.


Example hotel gallery
The work begins with the inspection, during which the most representative rooms and suites, the external and internal spaces, the halls, the restaurant, etc. are identified. Then let's start with the shots. Each room is photographed from multiple angles and using different light solutions: we take advantage of the ambient light, natural light, we position the flashes to illuminate the details or the whole. In the post-production phase, with the professional software Photoshop ©, we process the images by combining, if necessary, multiple shots, correcting any perspective distortions and optimizing the colors.


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1126 Ancylis badiana
([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)Wingspan 12-16 mm.
Two generations of this moth occur during the year, the first in April and May, and later from July to August.
It is active in the late afternoon into the evening, and inhabits a range of woodland and open ground biotopes.
The larvae feed on the leaves of pea (Lathyrus), vetch (Vicia) and clover (Trifolium). The second generation larvae overwinter in a state of diapause.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Best practices in green freight for an environmentally sustainable road freight sector in Asia
The efficient movement of goods and services is important in achieving sustainable development. All main modes of freight – road, water, air, and rail – have impacts on the economy, environment, and society that need to be managed. Freight trucks account for 24% of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from transport vehicle use and also have a major impact on fuel use and fuel security, air pollution, traffic accidents, and HIV/AIDS. This paper focuses on the road freight sector as it is the dominant mode of freight in Asia. It is a sequel to the paper "Challenges and Opportunities for an Environmentally Sustainable Road Freight Sector in Asia" that was prepared for the 5th Regional Environmentally Sustainable Transport (EST) Forum in 2010.


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by Nan Cohen | Contributing Writer
Sandra McPherson's first published poems appeared in Poetry Northwest in the Autumn, 1965, issue, edited by Carolyn Kizer. Since then, she has moved from Seattle, where she studied with Elizabeth Bishop and David Wagoner, to Portland, Oregon, and then to northern California, where she taught creative writing and literature at the University of California, Davis, from 1985 until her retirement. Her books include The Year of Our Birth, The Spaces Between Birds: Mother-Daughter Poems, and The 5150 Poems. Her honors and awards include fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Guggenheim Foundation, and her work was also featured in the Bill Moyers PBS series The Language of Life. In 1999, she founded Swan Scythe Press, which still publishes poetry chapbooks. Her twenty-second full-length collection of poems, Speech Crush, was published in late 2022 in the California Poets Series of Gunpowder Press in Santa Barbara. She lives in Davis, California.
This interview was conducted over e-mail in January and February 2023.
Nan Cohen (NC): I'd love to start by asking you about the cover image of Speech Crush, Katherine Ace's painting Cinderella with Shoes. What's the story behind the pairing of this painting with this book?
Sandra McPherson (SM): I'd love to talk about Kat Ace.
Around 2012, when I was suffering the beginnings of an old-fashioned "nervous breakdown," Kat came through town and gave me a red suede-bound blank book. I used to keep journals regularly. I tied her notebook to my iron headboard so it wouldn't fall off. I wrote brief jottings in it—speech that seemed hard for me at the time. It was no longer full confessional paragraphs; just brevities. A few years later they formed the first section of The 5150 Poems, which I had no publisher for until 2022. When Nine Mile accepted the finished manuscript, we chose Sharon Bronzan's image of a woman balancing atop a tiger for the cover art. Sharon is a best friend of Kat's. And Sharon has been my friend since before we were born, since her dad was San José State's football coach and my dad was the basketball coach. Our dads played on the San José Spartans football team together in the Thirties.
I had long wanted book covers by both Sharon and Kat. If you look at Kat's website, you'll find a wealth of intriguing women and objects. This painting was the best compositionally to house the book title and my name. I love its warm colors and Chryss Yost's design—clean, clear. There's a poem called "Cinderella" in the beginning of the collection. The version in Speech Crush is slightly revised from the first time I used it in a book. Women of my generation no doubt identify with Cinderella; girls of today probably will have other movie and cartoon heroines. I don't know the current mythology so I can't guess how different their heroines will be from our Cinderellas!
NC: I strongly associate the woman in Cinderella with Shoes with not only the version of Cinderella in the poem, but also the speaker of many of these poems. With her steady gaze, her half-in-shadow face, and the array of objects before her, she seems to be presiding thoughtfully over a kind of arranged chaos. In this book, you have continued to write about the experience of breakdown, hospitalization, and recovery—you've even republished some of the individual pieces in The 5150 Poems. Can you tell us more about how the people identified as fellow patients came to mingle with the other important people you invite into this book—your parents, brother, daughter, your birth mother and father, friends, poets? One very specific question might be: why do you begin the book with "For Cindy, Who Cut Her Own Throat: Sutter Psych Hospital"?
SM: My fellow patients in 5150 were the key to regaining my health; I felt love, concern, for them—I felt familial with them. As I cared for them, my self-care grew. Thus, I could begin Speech Crush with Cindy and her harrowing self-harm and recovery; and I could follow Cindy with Eleanor Pavlich, my dear mother-in-law; and thirdly, Cinderella, the beautiful young woman who we all were at one time—the myth of us. Three short lyrics with women and our precious props.
"The Senses," which comes next, tells a Gothic story of growing up on Poe and kissing a startled woman-friend on the mouth. Associations with other women follow, as I "act my age"—that is, O-L-D.
I began with Cindy, by the way, to be brave. To shock. Not to back off of the drama and trauma subsequent poems deal with.
NC: The poems in Speech Crush seem to turn both inward and outward. They grapple with both recent and past experience and often feel very interior, yet they also strive to connect with readers—those who have long followed your work and those who are new to it. The poem "New Friend," for example, reflects both the pleasure of making a new friend and the complexity of opening up a long and complex life to someone who has just arrived in it! What do you hope your new readers will find in this book?
SM: "After Trauma" is a poem that seemed to mean something to readers when I posted it on Facebook after Ploughshares first published it. I'm wishing for that kind of thing—readers to connect—and why? And what does the poem offer them that no other poem has, maybe? It was very important for me to write it—and not for the reasons that may be obvious: I had actually had a traumatic experience not addressed by the poem. So I went "sideways."
When I was young, there were anthologists my age who would select my poems to include—that was really helpful. Now, the anthologists are the young generation and probably do not read my books—I don't know. Sandy McClatchy died; David Young retired; Oregon anthologists did both; etc. But my work in Speech Crush should be highly anthologize-able! I'm just really curious to know how Speech Crush reaches other lives, especially women's, and aging imaginations.
NC: "After Trauma" reminds me that I wanted to bring up that, as well as being richly populated by people, this book is also a book of things—their strange persistence (as in "For Eleanor"), their loss, their lingering in memory. The cranberries, blackberries, blueberries in "After Trauma" feel so real, somehow. Their splashes of familiar color, their associations. They are a safe topic, in a way, but the poem also acknowledges that nothing is a safe topic, really. Cranberries grow in bogs, blackberries in brambles, blueberries in bushes—the "low mist" you hid in seems to seep all through the poem. Just such a beautiful evocation of the power of the past churning the present, and the present pushing ahead . . . I'm just musing here, maybe no real question yet. But something about the power of objects. The orange Nehi soda in "Birth Mother," casting its long-ago shadow, the way you know the orange of it though the photo is black and white! Love that.
SM: That's interesting! I wonder how many ways there are of people being with Things, or the opposite, revoking Things. I make a joke at the end of the poem where the FBI agents come visit me—do their wives collect anything the way I collect art? Walter [Pavlich] and I were in the antiques business just for fun, the way many people were once eBay came into being, to educate ourselves on history. My book A Visit to Civilization embraces the study of some of the objects that came our way.
NC: On the subject of ways of being with Things, or revoking Things—you mentioned wanting to know how Speech Crush "reaches other lives, especially women's, and aging imaginations." For me, I feel a very strong connection to the way objects evoke memories—it happens a lot in the poems, and it also feels like a subject of interest to the poems. Perhaps related to this, I'm also interested in that last phrase, "aging imaginations," and what it means to you.
SM: Things: I recall being taught Neruda's declaration that he loves "impure" poetry, full of Things. You might hunt for that page or so. [NC: Here it is.] And later I came to love Francis Ponge, his great poems about Things.
"Aging imaginations" . . . that sounds like a good koan for me to go to bed and meditate on. I think I've barely begun to learn about it. Just want to make sure that as our imaginations "age" I'm not suggesting deterioration—more like evolution. Section IV of the book starts with the 17-year-old and ends with "There is always more to solve." These poems are my age, so to speak: "Spill," "Pointed Question," the elegies for friends, the trees of "Faith" keeping their promises. And, explicitly, "Last Conversations." Immersion. Continuation.
Don't you think we wish we could see what Plath and Sexton would have lived to


Universiteit Leiden
nl en
A History of Dutch Corruption and Public Morality (_PHONE_)
A History of Dutch Corruption and Morality showcases 300 years of change, continuity, and diversity in the history of Dutch political corruption and public morality. It analyses a series of corruption scandals and shows how the following debates were connected to the big changes of that time: from the Dutch Republic, to the Age of Enlightenment and the Batavian Revolution into the era of the modern parliamentary democracy.
Toon Kerkhoff, Ronald Kroeze, Pieter Wagenaar & Michel Hoenderboom
04 August 2020
The book showcases a large variety in what was considered to be corruption: bailiffs accepting personal payment to buy off a prosecution; tax gatherers withholding money; mayors dividing jobs between themselves; money from the war chest disappearing into private pockets journalists receiving bribes; preventing political friends from being prosecuted. These matters were not incidents and preventative measures were taken, ranging from a ban on gifts to laws on official bribery. Even democracy and modern bureaucracy in itself were seen as corruption prevention measures. Yet many forms of corruption were tolerated, often as a result of political administrative circumstances. This book addressing good and bad governance and corrupt public officers provides insight into a fascinating history as well as the foundations on which the current political administrative system and its morality have been built. It shows, for instance, the strengths and weaknesses of the current Dutch approach on corruption. The book also offers a concise comparison with other European countries.
- Contrary to popular images of the corrupt regents of the Ancien Regime; there were in fact limits to what administrators were allowed to keep for themselves during the period of the Dutch Republic (_PHONE_).
- A shift can be detected from co-existing moral systems in early modern times to a more commonly shared single moral system in modern times;
- Corruption and public morale were continuously given meaning in a complex context of state formation, democratisation and the constantly shifting dividing line between public and private;
- Corruption prevention benefits most from the voicing popular grievances and protests of those who are left behind - often in the context of a scandal - against particularism (a small elite claiming power and means) and pro-universalism (towards a government based on justice and equality before the law);
- The modern democracy, that has been shaped by the constitutional amendment of 1848, is not free from corruption scandals, serious or otherwise;
- Prominent names from Dutch political history have been subject op corruption debates; from Stadtholder William V to Minister Van Maanen (King William I's most important minister); and from Thorbecke to Kuyper;
- What is perceived as corruption changes continuously. Even though many existing studies and corruption prevention organisations claim otherwise by emphasising the timeless and universal definitions of corruptions. This study challenges the reader to take a fresh look at the ingrained assumptions claiming unjustly that through the ages corruption in the 'Northern' Netherlands can be seen as isolated incidents.
- The administration of the colonies and the actions of the Dutch trade and industry were also frequently cause for intense corruption debates in Dutch politics.
Current affairs
- President Trump preventing an ally to go to jail due to political reasons; the former Dutch ambassador to Nigeria being forced to resign for passing on sensitive information to private companies such as Shell, despite of his public function; customs inspectors at the Port of Rotterdam allowing drugs to pass in exchange for money; tax privileges and rulings for those people with the right contacts and enough money to be able to afford lawyers; politicians and civil servants making the wrong choices; this study helps to understand how corruption comes into being and what can be done to prevent it;
- The study shows why certain behaviours are considered problematic today by demonstrating that thinking about present-day good governance is based on public values and morals that have a long history in continuity, change, and diversity. The current meaning and appreciation of, for instance, representation, neutrality, or legitimacy did not come from nowhere;
- The study is relevant and on trend because it shows that over the centuries corruption keeps re-emerging in different forms. Making the need for corruption prevention an ongoing cause for concern. Which is why politicians and the public should remain vigilant in what they perceive as legitimate use of public offices and means. Corruption prevention is never 'finished', because the context of good and bad behaviour will continue to change;
- The study shows that so-called 'one-size-fits-all' assumptions about corruption prevention and integrity are historically incorrect and provide poor advice for today's situation. In order to understand corruption, the specific political and socio-economical context of the moment should be analysed carefully. Only then can you create an understanding of effective preventative measures, which can also be applied within a European or global context. Stereotypes about the integrity of the 'North' and the corruption in the 'South' are clouding the real issues 'here' and 'there'. What has proven to be successful in one country can easily lead to failure in the next.
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What's the Deal With Diacetyl?
What's the Deal With Diacetyl? thumbnail
Tue 22 Mar 2016

As you may be aware, there has been a bit of a fuss kicked up in recent months about the use of diacetyl in e-liquid flavourings, and whether inhaling the substance is safe. We do not know everything here at ELFC (we're vapers not biologists), but we've done our homework and decided to write this short guide to diacetyl to put vaper's minds at ease.
First of all, what the hell is diacetyl?
Diacetyl is an organic compound mainly produced industrially for its intense buttery flavour.
What is diacetyl used for?
Diacetyl is mainly used as a flavouring for food products. It is used in the production of margarine and other artificial buttery products and also in alcoholic beverages.
Is diacetyl safe to eat?
Diacetyl has been declared legal for use as a flavouring substance in the European Union. In 2004, the EU Commission said that there were "no safety concerns" when using diacetyl as a flavouring.
Is diacetyl safe to inhale?
When heated and inhaled in high quantities over long periods, the general consensus is that diacetyl is not safe. There have been cases of production workers developing medical conditions following exposure to diacetyl over many years.
Do all sweet/buttery e-liquid flavourings contain diacetyl?
No. Some flavour manufactures have never used diacetyl, and most of the ones that do are moving away from it. Decadent Vapours, for example, promote all their flavourings as diacetyl free.
Should I stop vaping sweet/buttery flavours?
If you enjoy sweet and buttery flavours, there's no reason to give them up. Simply seek out diacetyl free flavourings if you are not comfortable with the idea of inhaling diacetyl.
One more thing to consider……
Yes, diacetyl is present in some e-liquid flavourings, but remember this: The levels of diacetyl are over 100 TIMES HIGHER in tobacco smoke than in e-cigarette vapour.
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First Photos of Movement
Photograph by Eadweard Muybridge
The settling of a debate—whether, during its gait, all four of a horse's hooves are simultaneously off the ground—first spurred English photographer Eadweard Muybridge in 1872 to look for a way to capture the sequence of movement. It took six years, but in 1878, Muybridge succeeded. He arranged 12 trip-wire cameras along a racetrack in the path of a galloping horse. The resulting photo sequence proved that there is a point when no hooves touch the ground and set the stage for the first motion pictures.


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Vic. Essential Learning Standards
Connect to: Vic. Essential Learning Standards
This website provides an overview of the new approach to Victorian curriculum from Prep to Year 10. The new Standards replace the Curriculum and Standards Framework (CSF) as the basis for curriculum and assessment in Victorian schools from 2006. The Standards have been developed by the Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority (VCAA) through extensive consultation and collaboration with education sectors and the broader community.


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Cary 60 UV-Vis
The Agilent Cary 60 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer is efficient, accurate and flexible, and is designed to meet your immediate and future challenges. With remote sampling options, proven performance and low cost of ownership, you can be sure that the Agilent Cary 60 UV-Vis will give you answers you can trust.
21CFR part 11 full compliance
10 years warranty
< click here
- Lowest cost of ownership – Reduce time-consuming and expensive lamp replacements, and minimize instrument revalidation costs with the unique Agilent source lamp.
- Eliminate photobleaching – Safely measure life science samples and be sure that you get the correct answer every time.
- Reliable performance using fiber optic measurement probes. Why use cuvettes when you can bring the instrument to the sample and get accurate results in a fraction of the time?
- Measure precious samples with ease – The highly focused beam image is perfect for measuring small volumes accurately and reproducibly.
- Improve sample throughput velocity - Scan the entire wavelength range (190 to 1100 nm) in under three seconds and collect data from single or multiple wavelengths at 80 data points per second.
- Performance enhancing accessories – The Cary 60 features a comprehensive range of accessories to accurately characterize the widest variety of sample sizes and types without compromise.
- Software for real samples - Win10-compatible Cary WinUV software can be tailored to suit your analytical requirements. From classroom to research laboratories through R&D and regulated QA/QC environments, simplify your measurements and get more done in less time.
< click here
The Agilent Cary 60 UV-Vis spectrophotometer is efficient, accurate and flexible, and is designed to meet both current and future measurement needs. The proven, robust design of the Cary 60 comprises a double beam, Czerny-Turner monochromator, 190–1100 nm wavelength range, 1.5 nm fixed spectral bandwidth, full spectrum Xenon pulse lamp single source with exceptionally long life. Scan rates up to 24,000 nm/min, 80 data points/sec maximum measurement rate, room light immunity, central control by PC with Microsoft® Windows® operating system. Optional 21 CFR Part 11 capable software, and dedicated instrument validation software which includes pharmacopeia test suites.
- Optical configuration: Double Beam
- Wavelength: 190 – 1100 nm
- Resolution: 1.5 nm
- Light source: Xenon Flash Lamp (80 Hz)
- Scanning speed: 24000 nm/min
- Dimensions and weight: 477 x 567 x 196 mm (19 x 23 x 8 in), 18 kg (40 lb)


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Sponsored by U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
Led by Dr. Zuo, this is a joint research project with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Schneider Electric. We have developed an open-source, free software package (see the following links) which provides practical, end-to-end (from the IT equipment to heat rejection to the ambient) modeling and optimization for data center cooling. It can be used as a stand-alone tool by data center designers, service consultants and facility managers, or be integrated into existing data center management software for autonomous optimal operation. It is the first practical tool that couples the modeling of airflow-management and cooling systems to enable a global data center cooling optimization. Its self-learning regression model enabled by an in situ adaptive tabulation algorithm and a fast fluid dynamics model can predict the critical airflow information under various operational conditions within a few milliseconds. The equation-based modeling language allows a fast and flexible modeling of various cooling system configurations. We have demonstrated the usage of our tool and identified 53% energy saving potentials in a Florida data center and 74% in the Massachusetts data center.
Open Source Models for Data Center Cooling
This project has resulted in open source Modelica models for the data center cooling system. The models haven been released as a part of the DOE's open source Modelica Buildings library: _URL_
The model development branch is at _URL_
This project has also developed a reduced order model "ISAT-FFD" trained by simulations in Fast Fluid Dynamics to predict airflow in data centers: _URL_
See this page for more information on FFD.
The development site of the ISAT module in Modelica Buildings library is at: _URL_
The ISAT data center case can be found at: _URL_
Please see this page for more information on tools related to this project.
Based on our open source FFD models, Schneider Electric developed a commerial software "EcoStruxure IT Advisor CFD", which is a cloud-based data center CFD design software.
Technical Advisory Group
|Amistadi, Henry R.||MITRE Corporation|
|Cleaver, Donald||Keystone Critical Systems & Advisors|
|Doppelhammer, F. James||University of Miami|
|Geraghty, Edward P.||CEC Group, LLC|
|Groenewold, John||JPMorgan Chase & Co.|
|Herrlin, Magnus||Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory|
|Kaiser, Raymond||Amzur Technologies|
|Meneghan, Brian W.||Carrier Corporation|
|Plamondon, David||University of Massachusetts Medical School|
|Sartor, Dale||Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory|
|Sorell, Vali||Syska Hennessy Group, Inc.|
- US Department of Energy Article "New Toolkit Helps Save Energy in Two Data Centers—and Potentially Many More"
- US Department of Energy Press Release "Energy Department Invests $19 Million to Improve Efficiency of Nation's Buildings"
- UM COE News "Improving Energy Savings Through Data Center Cooling Systems"
- W. Zuo, M. Wetter, J. VanGilder, X. Han, Y. Fu, C. Faulkner, J. Hu, W. Tian, M. Condor 2021. "Improving Data Center Energy Efficiency through End-to-End Cooling Modeling and Optimization." pp. 1-109, Report for US Department of Energy, DOE-CUBoulder-07688.
- W. Zuo 2020 "Open Source Modelica Models for Data Center Cooling", American Modelica Conference 2020, September.
- Y. Fu 2020. "Modeling and Control for Grid-interactive Efficient Data Centers." Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder.
- X. Han 2020. "Holistic Optimization of Data Center Cooling Systems and Airflow Management." Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder.
- X. Han, W. Tian, J. VanGilder, W. Zuo, C. Faulkner 2021. "An Open Source Fast Fluid Dynamics Model for Data Center Thermal Management." Energy and Buildings, 230, pp 110599.
- Y. Fu, X. Han, K. Baker, W. Zuo 2020. "Assessments of Data Centers for Provision of Frequency Regulation." Applied Energy, 277, pp 115621.
- Y. Fu, W. Zuo, M. Wetter, J. W. VanGilder, P. Yang 2019. "Equation-Based Object-Oriented Modeling and Simulation of Data Center Cooling Systems." Energy and Buildings, 198, pp. 503-519.
- W. Tian, J.W. VanGilder, X. Han, C.M. Healey, M.B. Condor, W. Zuo 2019. "A New Fast Fluid Dynamics Model for Data-Center Floor Plenums." ASHRAE Transactions, 125, pp. 141-148.
- Y. Fu, W. Zuo, M. Wetter, J. W. VanGilder, X. Han, D. Plamondon 2019. "Equation-Based Object-Oriented Modeling and Simulation for Data Center Cooling: A Case Study." Energy and Buildings,186, pp. 108-125.
- W. Tian, X. Han, W. Zuo, M. Sohn 2018. "Building Energy Simulation Coupled with CFD for Indoor Environment: A Critical Review and Recent Applications." Energy and Buildings, 165, pp.184-199.
- W. Tian, T. A. Sevilla, D. Li, W. Zuo, M. Wetter 2018. "Fast and Self-Learning Indoor Airflow Simulation Based on In Situ Adaptive Tabulation." Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 11(1), pp. 99-112.
- W. Tian, T. A. Sevilla, W. Zuo, M. Sohn 2017. "Coupling Fast Fluid Dynamics and Multizone Airflow Models in Modelica Buildings Library to Simulate the Dynamics of HVAC System." Building and Environment, 122, pp. 269-286.
- X. Han, W. Tian, W. Zuo, J.W. VanGilder 2019. "Optimization of Workload Distribution of Data Centers Based on a Self-Learning In Situ Adaptive Tabulation Model." Proceeding of the 16th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association (Building Simulation 2019), September 2-4, Rome, Italy.
- W. Tian, J.W. VanGilder, M.B. Condor, X. Han, W. Zuo 2019. "An Accurate Fast Fluid Dynamics Model for Data Center Applications." The Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm 2019), May 28-31, Las Vegas, NV.
- Y. Fu, M. Wetter, W. Zuo 2018. "Modelica Models for Data Center Cooling Systems." 2018 ASHRAE Building Performance Analysis Conference and SimBuild (BPACS 2018), pp. 438-445, September 26-28, Chicago, IL.
- W. Tian, W. Zuo, T. A. Sevilla, M. Sohn 2017. "Coupled Simulation Between CFD and Multizone Models Based on Modelica Buildings Library to Study Indoor Environment Control." Proceedings of the 12th International Modelica Conference, pp. 55-61, May 15-17, Prague, Czech Republic.


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how to create a two-dimensional array?
Posted by yfpeng (yfpeng), 17 September 2002As I promised I will ask you more questions.
I guess we can use two-dimensional arrays in perl - I saw some examples but their elements are all hard-coded. I want to create an empty two-dimensional array first, then push elements into this array. The elements are paired, e.g. if I push an T into the first array (in the two-dimensional array), then it will push A into the same position of the second array, so the 2-D array looks like:
TTGC... --the first array
AACG... --the second array
It is like a matrix. how to do this in perl. thanks very much.
Posted by admin (Graham Ellis), 17 September 2002Perl uses "lists" rather than arrays - they can do everything an array can go in other languages (except give you problems when you run off the end), and lots more things besides...
Amazingly, you don't have to tell Perl what's a list of lists (oh - sorry - that's what a "2 dimensional array" should be called). It works it out for itself from your code, and creates all necessary structure parts on the way. They call THAT auto-vivification
Your 2D array looks like a DNA sequence, with the first 'row' being a sequence, and the second row being the reverse complement (which no doubt you'll want to reverse later).
Here's a sample program that reads in a file containing a single FASTA sequence, splits in into a list, makes a second copy in reverse order, and switches As and Ts, Cs and Gs. It then puts it all into a list of lists, as per your question. Finally, it lists it out to "prove" that it's worked, using 2D array type notation.
"More than simple lists and hashes" is a huge topic and I've
just started to scrath the surface here... think I may have to
refer you to a more substantial set of material that I can
possibly write on the board if you want to take it further.
By the way... output from my program was
with the input file being
Posted by yfpeng (yfpeng), 17 September 2002Thanks for your neat and excellent code...by the way, do you charge for this? FYI, I am a graduate student in bioinformatics.
But you still have two predefined arrays (sequence and reverse sequence) for your list. I want the list to be empty first, then I will go through the sequence, check if there is an A, if so I push A into the first array and T into the second array of the same column...check for the rest of As and do the same. This procedure will go for C and G too. Then I will count how many A T pairs, how many C G pairs in the sequence.
Your code has given me some ideas, but I am still thinking about how to achieve this? Thanks.
Posted by admin (Graham Ellis), 18 September 2002You ask "do we charge"... no. I've posted some background to what we're about onto another of the boards here (it's of more general interest that just the Perl crew:
The Reasoning being this board
I'll come back to the Perl question in an hour or two - I'm just in the middle of soring out an email server that's got into some trouble....
Posted by yfpeng (yfpeng), 18 September 2002I was just kidding (for the excellent help you guys provide here).
Actually my last message was kind of silly, since we know A pairs T, C pairs G, why bother storing them in a list? What I wanted to do is store A, C, T, G in one row, and their occurrence in the other row, because I need to count the frequency of each one.
The list should look like:
row#1 (nucleotide) ATTCGAGTCT
row#2 (occurrence) _PHONE_
then count the occurrence of A (1+1=2), etc., and sort row #2 so that I know the one with the most frequency. interesting bioinformatics question, isn't it? thanks
Posted by admin (Graham Ellis), 18 September 2002Quote:
I know... but many a true word is spoken in jest. Folks come on the courses I give in the expectation that they'll not be able to ask me questions when the course is over - that's the way it works on other courses - and just wonder what my motivation is in providing email / board help.
Thanks for giving me (even in jest!) the opportunity to answer that! Now... on to the Bioinformatics question. Separate message, Ithink?
Posted by admin (Graham Ellis), 18 September 2002I might not be understanding the current question properly here - but I think it boils down to "how many each of C A G and T are there in a list of single characters?
Just dashed that out - so there may be a couple of typos. I've used a hash with the keys being A C G and T to be my table of counters, then I've just stepped through the list in _USER_.
Note the heavy use of $_ (did you know that print with no parameters prints the contents of $_?). When Perl 6 comes along, $_ will be even more powerful and important - expect to hear a lot about "Topicalkization"
Posted by yfpeng (yfpeng), 18 September 2002I did not phrase the problem clearly. Yes, we can use a counter for each character, but then I need to sort A, C, T, G by their occurrence. That is why I was thinking about using a list - the first row is each A, C, T, G (each one can occur multiple times in the sequence), the second row is occurrence (when I find one A in the sequence, I put 1 in the second row of the same column), then sort the first row in descending order according to the second row (ocurrence or frequency). I do not know if we can do this in Perl - but I guess it can, since I found can do a lot of "strange" things from a beginner's point of view.
Hopefully the problem is a little more clear.
Posted by yfpeng (yfpeng), 18 September 2002It probably make more sense to use hash in this case, I am trying...
Posted by admin (Graham Ellis), 19 September 2002I'm afraid I'm still not really clear on what the lists(s) or hashes should look like in the end - I'm just a programmer and know nothing of bioinformatics. Earlier in the thread you wrote
If you could tell me what the result would look like in this example, I might be better able to follow that I can at the moment
PH: 01144 1225 708225 • FAX: 01144 1225 899360 • EMAIL: _EMAIL_ • WEB: _URL_ • SKYPE: wellho


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Learn something new every day More Info... by email
Efficient consumer response (ECR) is an approach to supply and demand that focuses on identifying what a customer wants and then marrying the elements of the information and supply chains with those wants. The process normally extends through the fulfillment stage, ensuring that customers are delivered the goods and services they purchase in a matter that is perceived as timely and efficient.
At the heart of efficient consumer response is properly assessing consumer demand and tailoring the demand management process to meet customer expectations. For example, if the average consumer of a given soda product wants to purchase at least a dozen units of the product each week, the manufacturer will make sure production levels are high enough to meet that demand. In addition, the manufacturer will make sure the soda is delivered to retailers in a timely manner, so that consumers do not have to wait when they want to make a purchase.
While the exact methodology involved in efficient consumer response will vary slightly from one setting to another, there are a few core principles that tend to apply in any situation. First, the process of creating and supply products must be consistent. Failure to do so runs the risk of not being able to meet customer expectations, which in turn will prompt the consumer to seek other avenues of fulfilling those wants and needs. For this reason, producers must accurately gauge the current demand for a given product, and make sure the production quotas consistently provide finished goods that meet that level of demand.
Another important component of efficient consumer response is making sure the manufactured products are readily available to consumers in quantities they consider desirable. Should a customer be unable to purchase the desired number of units, he or she may choose to go with a competitor product that is in ample supply. When this happens, the client may choose to stick with the new product and never come back even when the supply is increased.
The process of efficient consumer response also involves balancing production costs with the unit pricing paid by consumers. Here, the goal is to set the unit price at a level considered attractive by the consumer, and competitive with the pricing offered on similar products. At the same time, the unit price must be sufficient to cover the total cost of providing the goods or services to consumers, while also allowing the business to make some sort of profit off the operation. Constant review of this component is necessary, since fluctuations in the cost of raw materials, changes in consumer tastes, and a number of other factors may provide justification for adjusting the unit price upward or downward.