text:
London, July 6th 2020 – UBS has launched a new big data tool to predict and quantify the probability of a company being targeted by activist investors.
Activist campaigns by shareholders seek to push companies to undertake material strategic and operational change, and alter, influence, and at times even undermine company strategy, with deal making being a main focus. The new predictive analytics algorithm, UBS-GUARD (Global Utility for Activism Risk and Defence) aims to tackle this issue by not only predicting and quantifying if a company can expect an approach by activists, but by also providing built-in analytics with unique insights into the underlying causes of vulnerability. Public companies are then able to take critical preventative action and arm themselves against future attacks, even before a move on the company is made.
UBS-GUARD can generate scenario analyses that quantify how various actions available to a company might affect its vulnerability score, e.g. the impact of share buybacks, dividend recaps and investment from new anchor investors. It can also generate analyses that identify historical campaigns against similar companies, to spot potential activist routes of attack.
The new tool uses over 220 million data points and analyses more than 5,000 historical activism campaigns to calculate the probability of activism for a wide range of companies using state-of-the-art machine-learning methodologies. It was developed by the 'Data Lab' within UBS's Global Banking division in the Investment Bank, a team that brings together data scientists, engineers and bankers. It is now being launched for use by public companies in EMEA, following a successful trial in the Americas.
Darren Novak, Head of Activist Defence at UBS said: "Due to COVID-19 and volatile market conditions, many public companies have seen their pre-crisis valuation issues exacerbated and may see activist investors seize an opportunity to launch campaigns as we head into the second half of this year and particularly in early 2021. We anticipate seeing more M&A-related activist campaigns that will likely focus on seeking future opportunities for a quick sale or divestiture when M&A markets reopen ."
"Through UBS-GUARD, we can approach existing and potential clients and talk to them about their vulnerability to activism – from a truly objective perspective. While the tool does a lot of the basic analytical work, human interpretation, from sector, country and activist defence experts, is essential in higher-level interpretation and application of the analysis to help clients understand how we can better serve their needs." Darren said.
UBS-GUARD is available for corporate clients to access via their UBS Global Banking relationship bankers.
UK media relations:
+44207 _PHONE_


text:
How Does a Garbage Truck Work?by Dale Devries
In 1938 the Load Packer was introduced by Garwin Industries, which revolutionized the sanitation industry. It was the first true compacting garbage truck. The trucks at that point could carry twice as much as before because they could compact the trash while driving through the city. By the 1950s there were many of these garbage trucks in use, and other manufacturers also started making them. By the late 1950s and early 1960s they started to manufacture industrial-strength compacting trucks. These trucks could handle larger objects and compacted better, allowing them a 25 percent larger load.
How the Compactor Works
The trucks are loaded by sanitation engineers along neighborhood streets. The trash is loaded into a hopper in the back of the truck of rear loaders. Hydraulic cylinders operate the compacting mechanism, which takes the trash out of the hopper and places it into the body of the truck. As more trash is placed into the body, the more it gets compacted. Because the compacting unit is on the outside of the body of the truck, it keeps the trash from falling out of the truck when it is full or moving. When the truck is full the driver takes the trash to the dump. The rear of the truck tilts up like a dump truck and the hydraulic cylinders move the compacting panels out of the way. The trash is then dumped out of the truck and the back hosed out.
Other Types of Garbage Trucks
There have been many variations of the garbage truck since its invention. The front-loading truck has a hopper in the front of the truck at about waist level to the workers. They load into the hopper and it takes the garbage up over the top of the truck and dumps it into the body. It is then compacted and this truck dumps the same as the rear loader. Recycling trucks also come in various versions. Some are side loaders in which the hoppers are on the sides and lift up into the truck. Some have separate hoppers for each type of recyclable material. There is even one type that has a robotic arm that grabs the can from the side of the street, goes up a conveyor, dumps the material and places the can back on the street. This is a similar operation to the commercial garbage bins you see outside of restaurants and other businesses. These trucks normally collect the bin from in front of the truck, lift it over the truck and dump into the body of the truck. These types of trucks take away the need for more workers.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


How to Color and Style the Console Output
Symfony 6.0 is backed by SensioLabs.
How to Color and Style the Console Output
By using colors in the command output, you can distinguish different types of output (e.g. important messages, titles, comments, etc.).
By default, the Windows command console doesn't support output coloring. The Console component disables output coloring for Windows systems, but if your commands invoke other scripts which emit color sequences, they will be wrongly displayed as raw escape characters. Install the Cmder, ConEmu, ANSICON, Mintty (used by default in GitBash and Cygwin) or Hyper free applications to add coloring support to your Windows command console.
Using Color Styles
Whenever you output text, you can surround the text with tags to color its output. For example:
// green text
// yellow text
// black text on a cyan background
// white text on a red background
The closing tag can be replaced by , which revokes all formatting options established by the last opened tag.
It is possible to define your own styles using the Symfony\Component\Console\Formatter\OutputFormatterStyle class:
use Symfony\Component\Console\Formatter\OutputFormatterStyle;
//...
$outputStyle = new OutputFormatterStyle('red', '_TAG_', ['bold', 'blink']);
$output->getFormatter()->setStyle('fire', $outputStyle);
Any hex color is supported for foreground and background colors. Besides that, these named colors are supported: black, red, green, yellow, blue, magenta, cyan, white, gray, bright-red, bright-green, bright-yellow, bright-blue, bright-magenta, bright-cyan and bright-white.
If the terminal doesn't support true colors, the nearest named color is used. E.g. _TAG_ is degraded to red or _TAG_ is degraded to yellow.
And available options are: bold, underscore, blink, reverse (enables the "reverse video" mode where the background and foreground colors are swapped) and conceal (sets the foreground color to transparent, making the typed text invisible - although it can be selected and copied; this option is commonly used when asking the user to type sensitive information).
You can also set these colors and options directly inside the tag name:
// green text
// red text
// black text on a cyan background
// bold text on a yellow background
// bold text with underscore
If you need to render a tag literally, escape it with a backslash: \ or use the escape() method to escape all the tags included in the given string.


text:
The artwork is presented through a cross-cultural perspective that represents past, present, and future. Each piece is inspired in equal parts by American & Nigerian culture, thus representing the artist's social and cultural upbringing. Nigeria represents his past: his roots, his origin, his biological composition while and the America represents the present: his current location, socialization, and upbringing. Each piece communicates the cross between both cultures, just as the artist himself communicates a cross between both cultures. The artist chose his own family as the subjects because they each have unique characteristics that have shaped the way the artist thinks. They have also deposited a piece of themselves in his heart and life. The artist's parents emigrated from Nigeria decades ago bringing with them a wildly unique way of communicating, connecting, and living. The Nigerian style of parenting juxtaposed with the American style of child rearing left the artist at an intersection, excited to share how both sides of his world has shaped his thinking and artistic expression. Embracing this double-edged journey has helped the artist develop and grow into the man he is today.
The artist used a mix of graphic design and fine arts techniques to produce the pieces. He transferred the process of layering, which is a popular technique in graphic design programs, to his portrait pieces by utilizing cross-hatching. Cross-hatching brings out the layers and creates a sense of movement and life. Fine point pens, markers, paint brushes, and fingers were used to produce the pieces.
The overall experience enabled the artists to bring his two worlds together and better understand himself. The name of the latest project is the PZay Experience.


Vijjendra Vijjendra - 1 year ago 54
ASP.NET (C#) Question
How to access Singleton class's static method?
I have some confusion with singleton class, below are my some points:
 1. Can singleton class have static method?,if yes then how we call that methods?
 2. what is main difference between Static class and Singleton Class?
I have created my singleton class as follows:
public class Singleton
{
private static Singleton _instance = null;
private static object chekLock = new object();
private Singleton()
{}
public static Singleton Instance
{
get
{
lock (chekLock)
{
if (_instance == null)
_instance = new Singleton();
return _instance;
}
}
}
public static void StaticAddMethod()
{
Console.WriteLine("Add Method");
}
public void AddMethod()
{
Console.WriteLine("Add Method");
}
}
In Above class structure I have created two method one is Static and second is non static, When I am trying to access Static Method it gives me compile time error.
How can I use static method of singleton class?
Answer Source
How are you trying to access it? To access a static method you use the type name:
Singleton.StaticAddMethod();
vs
Singleton.Instance.AddMethod();
Note also that there are simpler ways of implementing singletons that acheive the same effect with less locking etc.
Re the difference between singleton and static; a singleton might implement an interface, allowing you to pass it into existing code. You can also (as indeed you are doing) defer construction of a singleton (yet still allow access to the static methods that don't involve the singleton instance). But yes: there is a lot of crossover between static and singleton.


Example - Programming API
ASP.NET User's Guide > HTML5 Web Editor (Web.TextControl)
Web.TextControl provides the same interface to the TextParts such as the ServerTextControl. You can iterate through all TextParts including the MainText, TextFrames and HeaderFooter objects. These TextPart objects provide a Selection object that can be used to get and set formatted text and to interact with the content.
This example is part of the Sample Explorer project which includes all samples in one. The sources for this sample project can be found here:
Language Project Location
C# %USERPROFILE%\Documents\TX Text Control 26.0.NET Server for ASP.NET\Samples\ASP.NET\CSharp\Sample Explorer\
VB.NET %USERPROFILE%\Documents\TX Text Control 26.0.NET Server for ASP.NET\Samples\ASP.NET\VB.NET\Sample Explorer\
You will find the source code and the ASPX page of this sample in the Solution structure tree under: HTML5\selection.aspx
Example description
A temporary ServerTextControl is used to modify the content of Web.TextControl. The Selection is loaded into a ServerTextControl, modified and loaded back to Web.TextControl.
The following screenshot shows a custom TreeView control to insert merge fields and reusable text blocks programmatically.
The following code snipped shows how to insert a new merge field. A temporary ServerTextControl is created and a new merge field is inserted using the ApplicationFieldCollection. The content is temporary saved to a byte array and loaded into the current selection of the Web.TextControl. Using this approach, any element, text block or other word processing elements can be added to the Web.TextControl.
[C#]
protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
 // insert a new text field into Web.TextControl
 using (TXTextControl.ServerTextControl tx = new TXTextControl.ServerTextControl())
 {
 tx.Create();
 MergeField newField = new MergeField();
 newField.Name = TextBox2.Text;
 newField.Text = "Text Field: " + TextBox2.Text; ;
 tx.ApplicationFields.Add(newField.ApplicationField);
 byte[] data;
 tx.Save(out data, TXTextControl.BinaryStreamType.InternalUnicodeFormat);
 TextControl1.Selection.Load(data, TXTextControl.Web.BinaryStreamType.InternalUnicodeFormat);
 TextBox2.Text = "";
 }
}
[Visual Basic]
Protected Sub Button1_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs)
' insert a new text field into Web.TextControl
 Using tx As New TXTextControl.ServerTextControl()
 tx.Create()
 Dim newField As New MergeField()
 newField.Name = TextBox2.Text
 newField.Text = "Text Field: " + TextBox2.Text
 tx.ApplicationFields.Add(newField.ApplicationField)
 Dim data As Byte()
 tx.Save(data, TXTextControl.BinaryStreamType.InternalUnicodeFormat)
 TextControl1.Selection.Load(data, TXTextControl.Web.BinaryStreamType.InternalUnicodeFormat)
 TextBox2.Text = ""
 End Using
End Sub
Additionally, several events are available to interact with merge fields. This allows the insertion and manipulation of merge fields using your own interface.
[JavaScript]
<script type="text/javascript">
 // client-side Javascript events for merge fields
 TX.addEventListener('textFieldEntered', function (e) {
 fieldEntered(e.fieldName, e.fieldType);
 });
 TX.addEventListener('textFieldLeft', function (e) {
 fieldLeft();
 });
 function fieldEntered(fieldName, fieldType) {
 document.getElementById('TextBox1').value = fieldName;
 }
 function fieldLeft() {
 document.getElementById('TextBox1').value = '';
 }
</script>


text:
Bankruptcy Risk and Optimal Capital Structure
- Full Text PDF
- Author(s): RICHARD CASTANIAS
- Published: Apr 30, 2012
- Pages: _PHONE_
- DOI: 10.1111/j._PHONE_.1983.tb03845.x
This study finds shortcomings in empirical tests of the capital structure irrelevance hypothesis. The alternative hypothesis is that firms choose value maximizing mixes of debt and equity on account of bankruptcy costs and the tax deductibility of interest payments. Based upon the cross‐sectional implications of the tax shelter‐bankruptcy cost hypothesis, an alternative test of the irrelevance hypothesis is performed. The test examines the relationship between failure rates and leverage ratios for 36 lines of business. The results are inconsistent with the irrelevance hypothesis.


text:
NASA and JPL project teams came to Capstan for a porous metal solution to be used on the Mars Curiosity Rover. The main objective was to keep debris from entering and to repressurize or vent the drill during the landing of the rover. Our team provided a stainless steel solution of twelve porous metal disk surrounding the cover plate to the MSL Drill.
NASA Media Relation Team:
"NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory required a means of venting and repressurizing internal volumes of the Mars Curiosity Rover's drill during the launch, cruise, entry, descent, and landing phases of rover's mission. Capstan's HEPA filters allowed the drill to equalize its internal pressure with that of its environment, without being subject to contamination by Martian dust. Improper venting could cause damage to the drill structure or the lubrication of its mechanisms, while intrusion of particulates could interfere with small moving parts. The rover traveled 570 million kilometers to reach Mars and has since been successful in acquiring powdered rock samples using its drill." – Timothy Szwarc, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Photos of the Capstan Filters
Here are the Capstan porous metal filters mounted onto the MSL Drill.
This image was taken by Mastcam: Left (MAST_LEFT) onboard NASA's Mars rover Curiosity on Sol 32 (2012-09-08 00:46:20 UTC).
Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS


Fisheries-induced neutral and adaptive evolution in exploited fish populations and consequences for their adaptive potential
Lise Marty, Ulf Dieckmann, Bruno Ernande
Research output: Contribution to journalJournal articleResearchpeer-review
203 Downloads (Pure)
Abstract
Fishing may induce neutral and adaptive evolution affecting life-history traits, and molecular evidence has shown that neutral genetic diversity has declined in some exploited populations. Here, we theoretically study the interplay between neutral and adaptive evolution caused by fishing. An individual-based eco-genetic model is devised that includes neutral and functional loci in a realistic ecological setting. In line with theoretical expectations, we find that fishing induces evolution towards slow growth, early maturation at small size and higher reproductive investment. We show, first, that the choice of genetic model (based on either quantitative genetics or gametic inheritance) influences the evolutionary recovery of traits after fishing ceases. Second, we analyse the influence of three factors possibly involved in the lack of evolutionary recovery: the strength of selection, the effect of genetic drift and the loss of adaptive potential. We find that evolutionary recovery is hampered by an association of weak selection differentials with reduced additive genetic variances. Third, the contribution of fisheries-induced selection to the erosion of functional genetic diversity clearly dominates that of genetic drift only for the traits related to maturation. Together, our results highlight the importance of taking into account population genetic variability in predictions of eco-evolutionary dynamics
Original languageEnglish
JournalEvolutionary Applications
Volume8
Issue number1
Pages (from-to)47-63
ISSN1752-4563
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2015
Cite this


A San Leandro, California employment contract is an agreement where the employer and employee each intend to legally bind the other to specificed conditions in the work relationship. Many California employment contracts can be negotiable since both parties benefit from a suitable agreement that is unique to their circumstances. If conditions are met, the employment contract for a set period of time will provide the employee with a guarantee of job security. It also gives employees some degree of control directly over employee productivity.
Common Terms in California Employment Contracts
California employment contracts typically include many terms such as a description of the job, employment duration (generally at-will employment), compensation/benefits, and grounds for terminating. Other clauses that are less common may also be included in the contract. These might include: first, an arbitration clause stating that the parties may not sue should a dispute arise regarding the employment
Additionally, the contract can contain a termination clause, also known as a "severance clause". Courts have held that employers who violate these clauses when firing a person may be sued for wrongful termination. Thirdly, work that is completed by an employee, or information obtained by them are covered in clauses known as confidentiality clauses and non-compete clauses.
How Can a San Leandro Lawyer Help?
An San Leandro attorney specializing in California employment law may help you to understand what a given employment contract contains. You can also obtain counsel from an attorney as to what is fair in a contract. They can also negotiate terms for you with regards to concerns with entering or terminating employment.


text:
Per leggere l'articolo in italiano, premi il bottone…
The oldest wooden sculpture in the West is in Lucca, the city and archdiocese announced June 19, 2020.
For 1200 years, Lucchesi have venerated il Volto Santo or Sacred Visage in their Cathedral of St. Martin and have credited it with many miracles. The faithful believe that the cross was carved with divine intervention by Nicodemus, an apostle of Christ, and that it floated down the Serchio River to Lucca where a driverless, ox-drawn cart carried it into the city. While the logistics of its arrival are disputable, the age of the cross no longer is.
The linen from the cross is from 770-880 AD which leads experts to conclude that its wood may be from an even earlier period, thanks to the carbon-14 testing of three samples of wood and linen from the cross by the Institute of Applied Physics (Istituto di Fisica Applicata) of the National Research Council (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche) of Florence, and the National Institute for Nuclear Physics (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare).
The dating contradicts previous theories by art historians that the work was from the second half of the 12th century, according to Annamaria Giusti, a scientific consultant for the cathedral's 950th anniversary celebration this year, and director of the Museum of Precious Stones in Florence. In fact, the first documented mention of the Volto Santo dates back to 1050, when the Abbot of Bury St. Edmunds, an Englishman traveling thru Lucca on his way to Rome, commissioned a copy of it for his abbey. Additionally, coins produced by Lucca's mint in 1100 already bore an image of the Volto Santo. Giusti's hope is that with further advances in technology, the work may be officially attributed to Nicodemus, who died in the first century AD.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Root canal curvature and calcification introduce factors that increase the risk of procedural accidents during root canal treatment. The inability to achieve patency to the apical third, asymmetrical dentine removal leading to transportation, perforation, and instrument fracture inside the curved trajectories are some of the procedural problems that might jeopardize the management of intraradicular infection and result in poor treatment outcomes. In fact, curved and constricted canals introduce such complexity that total instrumentation concepts and specially designed instruments have been developed to deal with the challenge. This narrative review seeks to provide and consolidate the principles necessary for understanding the dynamics of curved and constricted canal management and to improve the understanding for future developments in this field.


Hapee Blog
Why Poor Hygiene Was a Virtue in the Medieval Era
Guest Post by Ravi Saraogi
What if I told you that poor hygiene in Western countries was an important reason for them being wealthier than Asian countries during the medieval era (circa 1400 – 1800). Sounds quirky right? But this is indeed true.
Medieval Europe: Human excreta was collected in pots and thrown into the street Source: _URL_
Really? How is this possible?
Prior to the Industrial Revolution (circa _PHONE_), civilization was subject to the Malthusian Trap. This trap worked in two ways. Every time efficiency growth outstripped the growth in population, birth rate would increase. This would lead to per capita income remaining constant as the extra income generated out of growth in efficiency had more mouths to feed. Similarly, every time efficiency growth lagged the growth in population, population would fall. This is because the fall in efficiency growth would lead the income to be insufficient to support the growth in population. Again, per capital income would remain constant in this case too as the income fall was accompanied by a fall in population.
So, under the Malthusian Trap, there are three ways in which per capital income can be increased,
 - Higher growth in efficiency
 - Lower birth rate
 - Higher death rate
Before the Industrial Revolution, growth in efficiency was very slow, so option (1) is out. That leaves us with lower birth rate or higher death rate. With this background, we can answer the question – why was there a positive link between poor hygiene and higher incomes prior to the Industrial Revolution? Simple, poor hygiene lead to higher death rates.
But how do we know hygiene in Western countries was poorer than Asian countries?
Gregory Clark, in his book 'A Farewell to Alms' devotes a nice section on this. For instance, he mentions that,
Another factor favoring high living standards for Europeans compared to Asians is that throughout the preindustrial era Europeans were—by modern standards and also those of preindustrial China and Japan—a filthy people, living in dirt and squalor. The low standards of personal and community hygiene are everywhere apparent in preindustrial Europe. Indeed the travel diaries of European visitors to Japan in the years 1543–1811 frequently stressed the extreme cleanliness of the country by contemporary European standards." [1]
Particularly interesting is Clark quoting in his book an extract from a certain Samuel Pepys' diary in October 1660, "Going down to my cellar... I put my feet into a great heap of turds (lumps of excrement), by which I find that Mr. Turner's house of office is full and comes into my cellar.[2] It appears that overflowing faeces matter from your neighbour's house was not a big deal in medieval England!
Medieval Europe: People used to pee and poo in pots kept under their beds. Source: _URL_
Furthermore, "In contrast in China and Japan human waste, urine as well as feces, was a valuable property which householders sold to farmers, and which various groups competed for the right to collect. Waste was not dumped into cesspits, sewers, and streams, contaminating water supplies. Instead in cities such as eighteenth-century Osaka contractors found it profitable even to provide public containers on street corners in order to profit from the waste deposits." [3]
People changed clothes only occasionally: King James VI of Scotland went months at a time without changing his clothes. Source: _URL_
This is apart from other poor hygiene habits in medieval Europe like rarely taking baths and only occasionally changing clothes. Asians were apparently way more hygienic. "… in Japan bathing in hot water was popular and frequent. The Chinese also bathed whenever possible, and they employed plenty of soap. The Japanese washed their hands after urinating or defecating, and they kept privies clean.
Showers and tubs were rarely found in the home. When people did bathe, it was usually in a common area where hundreds of others had bathed. Source: _URL_
Unfortunately, the rules of the Malthusian Trap was such that better hygiene and sanitation led to a lower death rate in Asian countries and they were "punished" as meagre incomes had to support larger populations.
So, should we infer that to become wealthy, countries should neglect sanitation and hygiene? Absolutely not. Luckily, the positive relationship between poor hygiene and per capita income during the Malthusian era broke down during the Industrial Revolution.
Industrial Revolution and the Escape from the Malthusian Trap
Something happened in England during the Industrial Revolution (circa _PHONE_). The rate of growth in efficiency multiplied by leaps and bounds. No longer was birth and date rates an important determinant of per capita income. Take a look at the graph below:
Source: Hoppe, Hans-Hermann, 2013, From the Malthusian Trap to the Industrial Revolution, Mises Circle Feature
For most of human history, per capita income was broadly constant. As highlighted earlier, this was because any gain in efficiency which resulted in additional income was just about enough to feed the growth in population, so that income per head remained more or less constant. But around 1800, things changed in Western countries when the growth in efficiency far outstripped the growth in population, leading to a sharp increase in per capita income.
Which is to say that post 1800s, efficiency became the central determinant of per capita income. No longer do birth and death rates play any significant role in influencing per capital income. With this, the "advantage" that unhygienic countries had over hygienic countries is gone. All countries now have the right incentives to push for better hygiene and sanitation facilities.
Aren't we glad?
[1] Clark, Gregory (2005), A Farwell to Arms, Chapter 5, p105-108
[2] Ibid.
[1] Ibid.
Hapee Commode celebrated World Toilet Day in Chennai with children
On the occasion of the World Toilet Day (WTD), the Hapee Commode organized a two-day fun workshop for underprivileged children in a slum colony in Chennai. The workshop was held on consecutive Saturdays in November 2015 in a public hall in the colony to make the children understand the importance of hygiene, particularly the need for washing hands before eating and after using the toilet, through modules in the form of engaging games and practical exercises. The workshop was a great learning experience for the participants as well as the facilitators.
A child uses the tippytap to wash hands
On the first day of the workshop, we built a tippy-tap – a makeshift hand-wash – for the children who don't have access to tap water. Before the children could experiment with the tippy-tap, we played with glitter to make them understand how germs pass from one hand to the other when they shake hands with one another. After that we went to the backyard to wash our hands. Children were brimming with happiness and excitement as they waited patiently in a queue to wash their hands. We spoke about Gandhiji and how he felt that sanitation was more important than political independence. We sang the national anthem to instil a sense of patriotism in them, telling them that sanitation was an integral part of national pride.
Children working on their drawings
The second day was even more interesting as we conducted a painting competition for the children. It was a rainy day in Chennai and so we chose rain as the theme. First, we asked them to name the things they associated with monsoons. They said dirt, unhygienic condition, water logging, umbrella etc. A few them shouted 'bajji,' crispy vegetable fries eaten on rainy days. Once we felt that the children had enough ideas to work on, we asked them to draw and paint about the monsoon. It was amazing to watch their sudden transformation. The boisterous kids got into pin-drop silence as they started sketching their thoughts on the canvas and drawing umbrellas, homes, toddlers, clouds, flowers, trees, water, love, etc…Once they were done, we put up all their paintings so that they would remember this special day of their lives.
A game visualized and created by Triple O Studio
The closing of the workshop was marked by another interesting game for the kids…Triple O Studio, a design and architecture firm, had decorated the backyard, hanging mugs on trees and ropes. We formed teams of kids – one team for each colour of mugs – and gave them balls to be dropped in the mugs meant for their respective team. The team which managed to drop the maximum number of balls in 60 seconds would be the winner. This game was electrifying as children jumped up and down the trees to try and win! At the end, we gave away the mugs to all the kids for use at home.
Monsoon Paintings by the kids
The two-day workshop brought out the best in me as I learned a lot from the energetic and enthusiastic kids. I also realized that children do not need tutoring – especially when it came to inculcating in them a sense of sanitation and hygiene. They just need an enabling environment to learn and adapt. All the children were


text:
paintings can be very complex to deal with. Bark reacts to change in relative humidity and natural binders break down over time requiring consolidation (remedial work to prevent peeling paint and ensure the paint is stuck down on the bark). Treatments vary because natural ochres often react differently to the consolidant adhesives used as a binder. This can cause colour change and staining to the painting.
Some of the paint on this work has been extensively worn down, while the remaining paint is partially stable. Therefore, a consolidant will be applied in selected areas where the paint appears to be lifting or crumbling – a very delicate, time-consuming process.
Display of bark paintings is relatively straightforward, but requires care and sensitivity to minimise the risk of further damage.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Many of the economic, social and environmental challenges faced by Europe today are not confined by national borders – their effects are felt and shared across countries. The EEA and Norway Grants Fund for Regional Cooperation recognises regional cross-border and transnational cooperation as a key driver to find shared solutions to these issues.
We aim to strengthen transnational cooperation to solve common European challenges.
The € 34.5 million Fund supports cooperation projects focusing on knowledge sharing, exchange of good practice and capacity building across the priority sectors of the EEA and Norway Grants 2014-2021. Within these sectors, funding is allocated to initiatives such as:
- Inclusive dialogue and the strengthening of transnational/regional networks, knowledge sharing and policy exchange to accelerate innovation
- The development of sustainable transnational cooperation structures between the business sector, public sector, civil sector and academia
- Engagements contributing to and enhancing effectiveness and efficiency in policy development and responses to common European challenges
The projects supported must be regional cross-border or transnational in nature and involve partners and activities in at least three different countries. Entities in the following countries are eligible for funding:
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Czech Republic
- North Macedonia
Selection of projects
The Fund for Regional Cooperation has had one call for proposals, seeking transnational projects ideas within the 23 programme areas of the EEA and Norway Grants. Over 700 applications were submitted, involving thousands of entities across Europe. 20 projects have now been selected by the Financial Mechanism Committee to receive funding. The implementation period is expected to start in the autumn.


text:
Modern businesses always have to keep a close eye on costs if they are to remain competitive and generate as much value for shareholders as possible. Many successful businesses spend millions of dollars every year on utilities, often paying far more than they strictly need to.
A recent feature on Reuters detailed how one company is helping businesses keep their utility costs down. By taking charge of the difficult work of seeking bids and negotiating, Utility Bidder is helping its clients make better use of liberalized, free-market, utility-service provision systems.
A Better Way to Obtain Utility Services
Businesses are like individual people with regard to needing access to plenty of resources if they are to remain healthy and productive. Companies of even relatively modest scales can easily consume far more in the way of basics like water and electricity than even the largest family, and their costs scale in corresponding fashion.
Unlike individuals, businesses typically have a fair amount of leverage when it comes to making arrangements for the provision of these important assets. In some markets, recent regulatory developments have even given businesses access to many more providers of utility services than in the past.
As such, many companies are fairly well-positioned to reduce the amount they spend on utilities. Unfortunately, actually taking advantage of such opportunities quite often turns out to require in-depth knowledge of relevant markets and other resources that most businesses lack.
What most often helps companies escape this common trap is simply seeking out and making use of the right type of support. Partners who specialize in identifying and negotiating especially favorable contracts and deals can save businesses huge amounts of money right out of the gate. In many cases, such improvements will persist for years to come without much, if anything, needing to be done to maintain them.
More Businesses are Discovering How to Save on Utilities
As a result, interest in services provided by companies like Utility Bidder has been surging in recent years. While every situation is unique, many businesses of a certain size or larger can easily save large amounts of money simply by making appropriate arrangements. That will almost always make for a welcome change from the status quo.


text:
Evaluation of RADARSAT-2 Yaw Steering for SMTI Applications
Conference: EUSAR 2010 - 8th European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar
06/07/2010 - 06/10/2010 at Aachen, Germany
Proceedings: EUSAR 2010
Pages: 4Language: englishTyp: PDFPersonal VDE Members are entitled to a 10% discount on this title
Beaulne, Pierre D.; Livingstone, Charles E. (Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) - Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada)
RADARSAT-2 is mechanically steered in yaw to provide a measure of earth rotation compensation and thus bring the data Doppler centroids (DC) near zero Hz. The satellite attitude control uses an algorithm whose inputs are GPS measured satellite position and the star-tracker measured attitude of the satellite. The GPS data are used to generate an orbit state vector and the star-tracker data are used to generate an attitude state vector both of which are reported with the radar signal data. Examination of DC distribution and stationary-world phase from along-track interferometry (ATI) from 53 RADARSAT-2 SMTI (Surface Moving Target Indication) scenes has been used to explore systematic and random steering angle discrepancies between radar observations and the reported attitude state vector data. Systematic pointing offset components derived from these data provide an improved earth-rotation compensation model for ocean target measurements.


text:
How do I change LANGUAGE?
To change LANGUAGE, please follow these steps:
- Tap the side-menu arrow, located halfway up the right-hand of the screen, so that the side-menu is brought into the display.
- At the top of the screen, you will notice 5 tabs, GLOBAL CHAT, CLAN CHAT, PRIVATE CHAT, INBOX & Cog Icon (Settings).
- Tap on the Cog Icon (Settings) tab.
- The screen should now display all of the options that you can adjust, with LANGUAGE at the top of the screen with a Left or Right arrow either side of the currently selected LANGUAGE.
- To change LANGUAGE, Tap the Left or Right arrows until your desired LANGUAGE is selected.


Histopathologic evaluation of pulpal tissue response to various adhesive cleanup techniques
Introduction
The aim of this prospective in-vivo study was to investigate the possible effects of temperature changes from various adhesive cleanup procedures on pulpal tissue.
Methods
The materials, consisting of 40 sound maxillary and mandibular premolars to be extracted during orthodontic treatment, were randomly assigned to 4 groups, with 1 group as the control. The teeth in the 3 study groups were etched; brackets were bonded and then debonded. The remaining adhesive was removed with a tungsten carbide bur by using a high-speed hand piece. The teeth in the control group were not etched and bonded. In group 1, the residual adhesive was removed with water cooling, and the teeth were extracted 24 hours later. In group 2, the residual adhesive was removed without water cooling, and the teeth were extracted 24 hours later. In group 3, the residual adhesive was removed without water cooling, and the teeth were extracted 20 days later. The teeth were prepared for histologic examination, and the number of vessels, vessel areas and perimeters, extravasation of red blood cells, vascular congestion, and inflammatory cell infiltration were evaluated to determine pulpal tissue changes.
Results
According to the findings from histologic and immunohistochemical evaluations, the coronal pulps of the teeth in groups 1 and 3 were almost similar to the control teeth, but some distinct pathologic changes were observed in group 2.
Conclusions
Adhesive removal without water cooling caused some vascular and pulpal tissue alterations, but these were tolerated by the pulpal tissues, so the changes were reversible.
In the history of orthodontics, the changeover from banding to bonding with advancing bonding techniques was an important development. Because of the invention of bonding, orthodontic treatment has become widespread, various treatment techniques were developed, the numbers of appointments were reduced, and treatment duration became shorter. With the growing popularity of bonding, debonding procedures have become a subject in the orthodontic literature. Studies about debonding and adhesive cleanup procedures generally focused on instruments, residual enamel surface in terms of enamel loss and fracture lines, and the potential risk of pulpal damage caused by the heat generated during debonding.
Surrounding hard tissues can protect the dental pulp from noxious stimuli, including thermal injury. However, pulpal tissue might be exposed to high temperatures as a consequence of different dental approaches. An increase in intrapulpal temperature can cause some histopathologic changes in the pulpal tissues. This might affect the pulpal vessels, leading to vascular injuries and tissue necrosis. The results of an animal study showed that 15% of dental pulps became nonvital when the temperature in the pulpal chamber increased by 5.6°C, and 60% became necrotic if the temperature rose by 11.1°C. Sato and Schuchard reported that excessive heat adduction could result in structural changes of the hard dental tissues and damage to the dental pulp. These changes and the amount of damage are related to the duration of thermal stimulus and the peak temperature.
Uysal et al evaluated the thermal changes in the pulp chamber during various adhesive cleanup procedures in an in-vitro study. They reported that cleanup with a tungsten carbide bur using a high-speed contra-angle hand piece without water cooling increased the temperature by 7.5°C in the pulp chamber. This increase in temperature exceeds the critical value for pulpal health. However, cleanup with water cooling never produced temperature changes exceeding the critical value. They also concluded that, in clinical settings, cooling procedures such as air-water sprays were essential to ensure prevention of pulpal damage.
Articles in the literature about debonding are generally in-vitro studies. Histologic investigations of pulp after debonding or cleanup procedures are limited to only thermal debonding (electrothermal debracketing) of metal and ceramic brackets. These in-vivo studies were carried out on the pulp of extracted teeth. Histologic sections of the teeth were prepared, and the effects of heat increases on pulpal tissue were evaluated.
To our knowledge, no study has shown the effects of adhesive removal on pulp in the orthodontic literature. The aims of this in-vivo study were to investigate the possible effects of heat during debonding on dental pulp and, if changes were observed, to determine whether they were reversible.
Material and methods
Forty maxillary and mandibular first premolars from 10 patients (5 girls, 5 boys) between the ages 15 and 17 years were used. Approval of this study was obtained from the Research Ethical Committee of Cumhuriyet University in Sivas, Turkey. The patients and their parents were told about the procedures, and informed consent was received. The subjects were selected according to the following inclusion criteria: need for 4 first premolar extractions, and no caries or fillings in the first premolars.
Four groups were formed by using 1 premolar of each patient. The teeth in all groups were randomly selected to eliminate possible differences between maxillary and mandibular, and left and right, teeth. The teeth in groups 1, 2, and 3 (experimental groups) were etched for 30 seconds with 37% orthophosphoric acid, rinsed with water for 30 seconds, and dried with an oil-free source for 20 seconds. Metallic orthodontic brackets (Generous Roth, GAC International, Bohemia, NY) were then bonded with an orthodontic adhesive (Transbond XT, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif). The teeth in the control group were not etched and bonded, but they were light cured the same as the study groups with a conventional halogen light for 30 seconds to standardized the effect of heat from light curing; these teeth were extracted within 30 minutes after curing. The brackets in the study groups were debonded by squeezing the bracket wings gently with pliers. The remaining composite on tooth surfaces was removed with a tungsten carbide bur (H22ALGK314016, Komet/Gebr. Brasseler, Germany) in a continuous manner for 30 seconds by using a high-speed hand piece (T3 Racer, D-64625, Sirona, Bensheim, Germany) at 250,000 rpm. This process was similar to our routine clinical cleanup procedure. A new bur was used for each tooth, and all procedures were performed by the same operator (B.K.A.) using special care to minimize damage to the enamel surface. The differences in the procedures between groups 1 through 3 are given below.
In group 1, the residual adhesive was removed with water cooling by using a high-speed hand piece with a cooling aperture (diameter, 0.7 mm) and an air pressure of 40 psi (about 2.7 bar). After 24 hours, the teeth were extracted and placed in 20 cm 3 of fixative formalin solution.
In group 2, the residual adhesive was removed without water cooling. After 24 hours, the teeth were extracted and placed in 20 cm 3 of fixative formalin solution.
In group 3, the residual adhesive was removed without water cooling. The teeth were extracted 20 days later and placed in 20 cm 3 of fixative formalin solution.
Fixation and decalcification of teeth were previously described. The teeth were immersed in buffered 10% formalin immediately after extraction and were fixed for 24 hours. After fixation, the teeth were decalcified for 3 months in Anna Morse solution until they were soft enough (rubber-like consistency) for cutting. The solution was renewed twice a week. After decalcification, the teeth were rinsed in water, dehydrated, cleaned with xylene, soaked in liquid paraffin, and embedded in solid paraffin. The paraffin-embedded teeth were serially sectioned buccolingually with a rotary microtome. Serial sections, 5-μm thick, were obtained and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Cell morphology as well as the crown and root pulp were qualitatively assessed by 1 examiner (C.C.O.) blinded to the groups of the histologic sections. The images captured were transferred to SPOT advanced image analysis software (version 4.6, Diagnostic Instruments, Sterling Heights, Mich). To determine vascular proliferation, 4 high-power fields were viewed from the crown of each tooth. The numbers of vessels in each field were counted, and means were obtained. Vascular conditions were also determined for vessel areas and perimeters. Pulpal tissue was examined for extravasation of red blood cells, vascular congestion, and inflammatory cell infiltration by semiquantifying the parameters. The observed changes were investigated by using the following scale: 0, none; 1, mild; 2, moderate; and 3, severe. The groups were also compared for odontoblastic cell zones and cell-free zones of pulpal tissues.
For the evaluation of leukocytes, the CD45 pan leukocyte marker was used. For CD45 immunostaining, fixed sections were deparaffinized in xylene and rehydrated in a graded series of alcohol. For antigen retrieval, the slides were placed in 10 mmol/L of citrate buffer (pH 6.0) and microwaved twice for 5 minutes. Tissue sections were blocked for endogenous peroxidase activity with methanol containing 3% hydrogen peroxide for 10 minutes and for nonspecific binding with Ultra V Block (Labvision,


Learn How To Host A Rust Server On Linux in 5 Easy Steps
If you're a fan of the game Rust and want to host your own server, you're in the right place. Hosting your own server can give you more control over the game's settings and provide a more personalized experience for you and your friends. In this guide, we'll show you how to host a Rust server on Linux in 5 easy steps.
Before we dive into the steps, there are a few things you'll need to get started. You'll need access to a Linux server with root privileges and basic knowledge of Linux commands. Don't worry if you're not a Linux expert – we'll guide you through the process. Additionally, you'll need to download and install Rust Dedicated Server software and a few other dependencies.
In this tutorial, we'll cover everything from setting up your Linux server to launching and testing your Rust server. By the end of this guide, you'll have your very own Rust server up and running. So, let's get started!
Ready to learn how to host your own Rust server on Linux? Follow these five easy steps to get started and impress your friends with your very own Rust server!
Step 1: Setting Up Your Linux Server
Before you can host your own Rust server on Linux, you'll need to have a Linux server up and running. The first step is to select a hosting provider that supports Linux, such as DigitalOcean or Linode. Once you've signed up, log in to your account and create a new Linux droplet. You'll be asked to choose your preferred Linux distribution, such as Ubuntu or CentOS.
Once your Linux droplet is up and running, you'll need to set up some basic security measures. This includes creating a new user account with sudo privileges and disabling root login. You should also install a firewall, such as UFW, to protect your server from unauthorized access.
Next, you'll need to install an SSH client on your local machine. This will allow you to connect to your Linux server from your own computer. You can use OpenSSH, which is pre-installed on most Linux distributions, or download a separate SSH client like PuTTY.
Finally, you'll want to configure your Linux server to automatically update and reboot on a regular basis. This will ensure that your server is always running smoothly and that any security vulnerabilities are promptly addressed. You can use tools like unattended-upgrades and cron to automate these tasks.
Choosing a Linux Distribution
 1. Consider the needs of your server: There are various Linux distributions to choose from, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. Consider your specific requirements, such as the amount of RAM and disk space needed, as well as the technical expertise required to operate the server.
 2. Popular Linux distributions for hosting: Some popular distributions for hosting include Ubuntu, CentOS, and Debian. Ubuntu is user-friendly and great for beginners, while CentOS is known for its stability and security. Debian is lightweight and customizable, making it a good choice for advanced users.
 3. Compatibility with Rust Server: Rust Server is compatible with most Linux distributions, but it's always a good idea to check the system requirements before making a final decision. Make sure your chosen distribution is compatible with the Rust Server version you plan to install.
Ultimately, the best Linux distribution for hosting a Rust Server depends on your specific needs and preferences. Do your research and choose a distribution that offers the right balance of performance, stability, and user-friendliness. Once you've made your choice, you can move on to the next step: Installing Rust Server Dependencies.
Setting up SSH Access
Secure Shell (SSH) is a cryptographic network protocol that allows secure communication between two untrusted hosts. It is an essential tool for remotely accessing your Linux server. To set up SSH access:
 - Generate SSH Keys: First, you need to generate SSH keys on your local computer. This will allow you to securely connect to your Linux server without needing to enter a password each time.
 - Copy the Public Key to Your Linux Server: After generating the keys, copy the public key to your Linux server. This will enable your computer to connect to the server.
 - Configure SSH on Your Server: Once you have copied the public key to your server, you need to configure SSH to allow key-based authentication.
Setting up SSH access is an essential step in the process of hosting a Rust server on Linux. Once you have established a secure connection with your server, you can proceed with the remaining steps to install, configure and launch the Rust server.
Step 2: Installing Rust Server Dependencies
Dependencies are an essential part of any software installation process. To ensure the Rust server runs smoothly, you need to install the necessary dependencies on your Linux server.
Update your Linux system packages before you start installing Rust dependencies. The latest package updates contain bug fixes, security patches and software enhancements that improve the overall performance of your server.
Install the required Rust dependencies by executing a single command in your terminal. You can download and install the required libraries for Rust from your Linux package manager, or you can compile them from source.
Configure your Firewall to allow incoming connections to your Rust server. Configure your Linux server's firewall to allow incoming connections to the default Rust server port 28015.
Verify Rust Server Dependencies by running a simple test to check that all the necessary dependencies are installed and configured correctly. This test will also ensure that the Rust server can communicate with the outside world without any issues.
Updating Your Server
If you're working with a new installation of Linux, it's essential to update your system before installing any new packages. This step ensures that your server has the latest security patches and bug fixes. The update process is different for each Linux distribution, but generally, it involves using the package manager to update the software repositories and install the latest updates. Updating your server should be the first thing you do before installing any packages.
Once you've updated your system, it's time to install the dependencies needed to run the Rust server. The Rust server requires several packages to run correctly, such as GCC, G++, and OpenSSL. These packages must be installed on your server before installing the Rust server. Installing dependencies ensures that the Rust server runs correctly.
It's worth noting that the Rust server requires a 64-bit version of Linux to run correctly. Before installing any dependencies, ensure that you're working with a 64-bit version of Linux. Working with a 64-bit version is a requirement for running the Rust server.
It's also essential to check if your server has enough resources to run the Rust server. The Rust server is a resource-intensive application that requires a minimum of 6GB of RAM and 4 CPU cores. Checking server resources before installing the Rust server ensures that your server can handle the load and run smoothly.
Once you've updated your server, installed the dependencies, and ensured your server has enough resources to run the Rust server, you're ready to move on to the next step, downloading and installing the Rust server.
Installing Required Dependencies
Before you can start using our software, you need to make sure that all the required dependencies are installed. Here are the three dependencies you need to install:
 - Node.js – This is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine. It allows you to run JavaScript code outside of a web browser.
 - npm – This is the package manager for Node.js. It allows you to easily install, update, and manage dependencies for your Node.js projects.
 - MySQL – This is an open-source relational database management system. It allows you to store, organize, and retrieve data in a structured manner.
Node.js and npm are usually installed together. To install them, you can download the installer from the official Node.js website, and follow the instructions. Alternatively, you can use a package manager to install Node.js and npm. If you're using a Linux distribution, you can use your package manager to install them. For example, on Ubuntu, you can run the following command:
sudo apt-get install nodejs npm
For MySQL, you can download the installer from the official website, and follow the instructions. Alternatively, you can use a package manager to install MySQL. If you're using a Linux distribution, you can use your package manager to install it. For example, on Ubuntu, you can run the following command:
Operating SystemCommandPackage Manager
Ubuntusudo apt-get install mysql-serverapt
Fedorasudo dnf install mysql-serverdnf
CentOSsudo yum install mysql-serveryum
macOSbrew install mysqlHomebrew
Once you have installed all the required dependencies, you're ready to start using our software. If you have any issues with the installation process, please consult the documentation or seek help from the community.
Step 3: Downloading and Installing the Rust Server
Now that we have set up our server, it's time to download and install the Rust server software. First, we need to ensure that we are logged in as the user


text:
New: Italian Short Stories
Now you can continue your vocabulary expansion with Italian Short Stories. Any new words encountered in the text will be learned when rereading the text until you are fluent, and can also be stored for practice, where the software will determine from the frequency of the unknown word in the text how many times you would need to test or study the new word to retain it in your memory. As opposed to the Fairytales product there's no audio added and as such the price of the product is lower.
These short stories were written by De Marchi at the end of the 19th century but feature modern subjects like marriage and adultery or nature and traveling. However, this is not a language manual to ask someone for marriage in Italian, or an Italian traveling language guide. Reading these stories enhances your vocabulary enormously, as because of the encompassing story, each new word will be assimilated as part of a natural scheme in your memory as opposed to simple word list cramming.
Reading the Italian Fairytales and subsequently these Italian Short Stories will get you on your way to unsupported, self sufficient, independent reading of Italian Bestsellers whatever they may be, for example Umberto Eco's "The Name of the Rose", or any of Valerio Massimo's historical novels.


Page last updated at 13:31 GMT, Thursday, 5 February 2009
Where does road salt come from?
The Magazine answers...
With heavy snow falls all week, supplies of the rock salt are running low. Where does the salt scattered by gritters come from? Forget all those notions about political dissidents with pickaxes.
Salt Union photo of continous miner machine
From here, beneath the ground in Winsford, Cheshire...
De-icing or gritting salt is nothing like the white grains we use to season food. Made from crushed rock salt carved out of underground mines, it is brownish in colour and resembles gravel.
The salt used to melt ice and add traction on the UK's snow-covered byways comes not from the sea but from three main mines - the Salt Union's Winsford Rock Salt Mine in Cheshire, Cleveland Potash in Teesside and the Irish Salt Mining and Exploration Company in County Antrim.
These deposits were formed millions of years ago when the UK and Ireland were covered by inland seas. Over time, the seawater evaporated, leaving vast salty deposits that were gradually covered over. Some are 100m deep, others well over 1.6km - a mile - underground.
Salt mine (photo courtesy of
Salt now used instead of traditional grit made of sand and small stones
De-icing salt is rock salt carved from mines deep underground
Mine deposits formed as ancient bodies of salt water dried up
Today rock salt is extracted by machines known as continuous miners fitted with rotating steel cutting picks which grind salt from the walls of these vast cathedral-like spaces.
"The salt is then carried away from the cutting surface by conveyor belts to be crushed and treated further," says Salt Union spokeswoman Katie Moffat.
It is treated with anti-caking agent, then put into storage to await transportation to gritting depots by lorry or rail.
Those who work the salt mines are trained engineers who keep the machinery running - a far cry from the pickaxes and buckets used in the mines' early days in the 1800s, when rock salt was primarily used for salt licks - blocks of salt - for animals.
Rock salt is now used for winter highway maintenance as salt lowers the freezing point of water to below zero Celsius - how low depends on the concentration of salt to water.
Gritter being loaded with salt
... to the gritting lorries
This means when salt is spread over a road or a footpath, it either melts the snow and ice as it dissolves, or helps prevent ice forming.
After heavy snow throughout this week and more forecast to fall, de-icing salt has been in such demand that council stocks are running low. And to restock when the roads are slick with ice can be problematic, so supplies are being rationed. Meanwhile, production has been stepped up at Salt Union's mine which has been working 24 hours a day since the beginning of January.
But as well as drilling salt for the nation's byways, Salt Union has also found a use for the spaces left over by mining - storing important documents.
"A salt mine is clean and dry, with huge caverns carved over time, leaving giant pillars of rock salt for stability," says Ms Moffat. "With low humidity, no water and no UV light, it's perfect for archive document storage."
Question mark floor plan of BBC Television Centre
As well as storage rooms, the spaces formed by extraction also form road-sized pathways for the miners and mining equipment to move around between cutting surfaces.
The Salt Association, the trade body for producers, estimates the UK's salt mines to have about 225km (140 miles) of tunnels - almost as long as the M5 motorway. Which is itself in need of de-icing after Thursday's blizzards.
Print Sponsor
How do they know when to grit roads?
03 Jan 08 | Magazine
How do snowplough drivers get to work?
08 Feb 07 | Magazine
The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites
Has China's housing bubble burst?
How the world's oldest clove tree defied an empire
Why Royal Ballet principal Sergei Polunin quit
Sign in
BBC navigation
Americas Africa Europe Middle East South Asia Asia Pacific


ins. Custom properties are stored also in the project
file. The storage is not efficient for large amount of data.
Custom properties that have already been used within QGIS:
- "loading" - whether the project is being currently loaded (root node only)
- "overview" - whether to show a layer in overview
- "showFeatureCount" - whether to show feature counts in layer tree (vector only)
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ class QgsMeshDataSourceInterface /Abstract/
Interface for mesh data sources
Mesh is a collection of vertices, edges and faces in 2D or 3D space
- vertex - XY(Z) point (in the mesh's coordinate reference system)
- edge - two XY(Z) points (in the mesh's coordinate reference system) representing straight seqment
- faces - sets of vertices forming a closed shape - typically triangles or quadrilaterals
@@ -392,6 +392,7 @@ Returns the root items of the dataset group tree item
%Docstring
Sets the root items of the dataset group tree item.
Changes active dataset groups if those one are not enabled anymore :
- new active scalar dataset group is the first root item enabled child
- new active vector dataset group is none
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ class QgsMeshLayerTemporalProperties : QgsMapLayerTemporalProperties
Implementation of map layer temporal properties for mesh layers.
The time in a mesh layer is defined by :
- a reference time provided by the data, the project or the user
- each dataset is associated with a relative times
- time extent is defined by the first time and the last time of all dataset
@@ -498,6 +498,7 @@ We try to match the Proj string to internal QGIS CRS ID using the following logi
Set up this CRS from a string definition.
It supports the following formats:
- "EPSG:<code>" - handled with createFromOgcWms()
- "POSTGIS:<srid>" - handled with createFromSrid()
- "INTERNAL:<srsid>" - handled with createFromSrsId()
@@ -404,6 +404,7 @@ createChildren() immediately because result will be useless. *
virtual void deleteLater();
%Docstring
Safely delete the item:
- disconnects parent
- unsets parent (but does not remove itself)
- deletes all its descendants recursively
@@ -362,10 +362,11 @@ Datum of Australia Technical Manual", Chapter 4.
code (and documentation) taken from rttopo project
_URL_
- spheroid_project.spheroid_project(...)
- Valid bounds checking for degrees (latitude=+- 85.05115) is based values used for
-> 'WGS84 Web Mercator (Auxiliary Sphere)' calculations
--> latitudes outside these bounds cause the calculations to become unstable and can return invalid results
- spheroid_project.spheroid_project(...)
- Valid bounds checking for degrees (latitude=+- 85.05115) is based values used for
-> 'WGS84 Web Mercator (Auxiliary Sphere)' calculations
--> latitudes outside these bounds cause the calculations to become unstable and can return invalid results
.. versionadded:: 3.0
%End
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ class QgsFields
Container of fields for a vector layer.
In addition to storing a list of QgsField instances, it also:
- allows quick lookups of field names to index in the list
- keeps track of where the field definition comes from (vector data provider, joined layer or newly added from an editing operation)
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ class QgsMapLayerDependency
This class models dependencies with or between map layers.
A dependency is defined by a layer ID, a type and an origin.
The two combinations of type/origin that are currently supported are:
- PresenceDependency && FromProvider: virtual layers for instance which may depend on other layers already loaded to work
- DataDependency && FromUser: dependencies given by the user, mainly to represent database triggers
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ The QgsOgcUtils class provides various utility functions for conversion between
OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) standards and QGIS internal representations.
Currently supported standards:
- GML2 - Geography Markup Language (import, export)
%End
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ class QgsPointLocator : QObject
{
%Docstring
The class defines interface for querying point location:
- query nearest vertices / edges to a point
- query vertices / edges in rectangle
- query areas covering a point
@@ -229,14 +229,15 @@ Breaks a provider data source URI into its component paths (e.g. file path, laye
:param uri: uri string
:return: map containing components. Standard components may include:
- "path": file path
- "layerName"
- "url": base URL, for online services
- "referer": referrer string, for HTTP requests
- "host": hostname, for database services
- "bounds": hardcoded layer bounds (as a QgsRectangle)
- "crs": CRS definition
- "authcfg": authentication configuration ID
- "path": file path
- "layerName"
- "url": base URL, for online services
- "referer": referrer string, for HTTP requests
- "host": hostname, for database services
- "bounds": hardcoded layer bounds (as a QgsRectangle)
- "crs": CRS definition
- "authcfg": authentication configuration ID
.. note::
@@ -17,8 +17,10 @@ This class has all the configuration of snapping and can return answers to snapp
Internally, it keeps a cache of QgsPointLocator instances for multiple layers.
Currently it supports the following queries:
- snapToMap() - has multiple modes of operation
- snapToCurrentLayer()
For more complex queries it is possible to use locatorForLayer() method that returns
point locator instance with layer's indexed data.
@@ -17,11 +17,13 @@ class QgsSpatialIndexKDBush
A very fast static spatial index for 2D points based on a flat KD-tree.
Compared to QgsSpatialIndex, this index:
- supports single point features only (no multipoints)
- is static (features cannot be added or removed from the index after construction)
- is much faster!
- allows direct retrieval of the original feature's points, without requiring additional feature requests
- supports true "distance based" searches, i.e. return all points within a radius
from a search point
QgsSpatialIndexKDBush objects are implicitly shared and can be inexpensively copied.
0 comments on commit c795ddb
Please sign in to comment.
You can't perform that action at this time.


text:
At the recently held EuroTier, feed additive producer MiXscience introduced a new concept: VSTAR Technology.
VSTAR Technology is an acronym for "Vectorized Solutions to Transport Additives by Release Technology". A range of feed additives from the company have been optimised and are now part of this concept.
Vectorization enables an effective protection of active components in order to stabilise and protect active components from aggressive conditions of processing and storage environment. It also controls the delivery of active components to target organs. This takes into account farmers, integrators and feed producers objectives, but also the species of animal and its particular stage of physiological development. And it protects workers with ingredients easy to handle and with no nuisances (smell, texture).
At the moment, ten of MiXscience Feed Additives are driven by VSTAR Technology concept. They have been developed after several years of experience and result of a battery of in vitro and in vivo research programmes. They all combine properties of synergistic ingredients with the effective release technique. The company is also working on new products for 2017 driven by this new concept, among which is a vectorized form of betaine, in order to facilitate the handling and the efficiency of this feed additive which enhances the resistance of animals to heat stress and protects gut integrity.


text:
Clos des Templiers is a 1.5-hectare estate located in Lalande de Pomerol and owned by the Delacour family since 2004. The vineyard obtained its name from the Order of Temples and Templars as it served as a stop-off point for them during the Middle Ages.
The family also owns Chateau De La Cour, a 10-hectare estate located in Saint-Emilion, on the right bank of the river. It was called Chateau la Rouchonne until 1995 when the Delacour family acquired it. The name of the chateau and the coat of arms on the label are in memories of their ancestor, the Chevalier De la Cour, who served King Charles IX.


text:
ChristianAnswers.Net WebBible Encyclopedia
The name of a biblical king and a place…
Pul, an Assyrian king—It has been a question whether he was identical with Tiglath-pileser III. (q.v.), or was his predecessor. The weight of evidence is certainly in favor of their identity. Pul was the throne-name he bore in Babylonia as king of Babylon, and Tiglath-pileser the throne-name he bore as king of Assyria. He was the founder of what is called the second Assyrian empire. He consolidated and organized his conquests on a large scale. He subdued Northern Syria and Hamath, and the kings of Syria rendered him homage and paid him tribute. His ambition was to found in Western Asia a kingdom which should embrace the whole civilized world, having Nineveh as its center. Menahem, king of Israel, gave him the enormous tribute of a thousand talents of silver, "that his hand might be with him" (2 Kings 15:19; 1 Chr. 5:26). The fact that this tribute could be paid showed the wealthy condition of the little kingdom of Israel even in this age of disorder and misgovernment. Having reduced Syria, he turned his arms against Babylon, which he subdued. The Babylonian king was slain, and Babylon and other Chaldean cities were taken, and Pul assumed the title of "King of Sumer [i.e., Shinar] and Accad." He was succeeded by Shalmanezer IV.
Pul, a geographical name in Isa. 66:19—Probably = Phut (Gen. 10:6; Jer. 46:9, Revised Version "Put;" Ezek. 27:10).


text:
Definition - What does Antifreeze Poisoning mean?
Antifreeze Poisoning, also known as Ethylene Glycol Poisoning, is poisoning that occurs after ingestion of antifreeze used in cooling engines of the automobile or other machines that use coolants. Engine coolants can also cause Antifreeze positioning because of the presence of poisonous ingredients such as Ethylene Glycol, Methanol and Propylene Glycol. However, the primary ingredient that causes Antifreeze Poisoning is Ethylene Glycol.
Petropedia explains Antifreeze Poisoning
The primary ingredient of automotive coolant or antifreeze is Ethylene glycol which is a toxic, odorless, colorless and a non volatile liquid that has a sweet taste which has poisoning effect when consumed by humans or animals. Some of the symptoms caused when it is consumed are vomiting, intoxication, cardiovascular dysfunction and kidney failure. The major cause of the poisoning effect is the presence of oxalic acid and glycolic acid. Once antifreeze poisoning is detected, it should be treated by conducting hemodialysis which helps in removing Ethylene Glycol.


Click Here to Download Free E-books
Textile Finishing | De-watering Machine | Slitting Machine | Dryers | Sueding Machine | Textile Study Center
Home Uncategorized Textile Finishing | De-watering Machine | Slitting Machine | Dryers | Sueding Machine
Textile Finishing
Finishing is the term used for a series of processes to which all bleached, dyed, printed and certain grey fabrics are subjected before they put on the market. Finishing is done to render textile goods fit for their purpose or end-use or serviceability of the fabric. It should be considered that every finishing process should improve the serviceability of the fabric like dimensional stability, fastness to washing, fastness to storage, wearing quality, resistance to fibre slippage, strength of the fabric, fabric handle etc. Cotton and polyester has different processes of finishing. Fabric that contains lycra needs another additional process done that is called heat setting.
The finishing processes are classified into two main streams:
 1. Mechanical finishing
 2. chemical finishing
Most of the finishes that are given to the fabric are mechanical finishes. Mechanical finishes are :
 1. Shearing
 2. Sueding
 3. Compacting
 4. Calendaring
 5. Steam/ Heat setting.
Chemical finishes includes bio-polishing and softening but bio-polishing is carried out with dyeing in exhaust method. Softening is done in exhaust method as well as in mechanical method.
The main procedures of softening can be divided into two segments:
 1. Open width finishing line for fabric of open form
 2. Tube width finishing line for fabric of tubular form
Machines Used in Finishing :
 1. De-watering Machine
 2. Dryer Machine
 3. Compactor Machine
 4. Stenter Machine
 5. Slitting Machine
 6. Sueding Machine
 7. Tumble Dryer Machine
1. De-watering Machine : De-watering machines are used to reduce the excess water remaining on the wet fabric after dyeing. Softening chemicals and other finishing chemicals can be applied while de-watering as well. De-watering machines also help to keep in control the GSM of the fabric by maintain proper tension around the whole process. The padding rollers help to apply mixtures of finishing chemicals on the fabric surface. D-ewatering machines can remove from 40-50% of the water content of the fabric. The main parameters of a de-watering machine that are to be considered while operating are the followings:
 1. Machine speed (m/min)
 2. Padder pressure (bar)
 3. Wet stretching (%)
Fig : Path diagram of a dewatering machine
2. Slitting Machine : This machine basically opens a tubular fabric into open form by slitting along the needle mark of the fabric to aid the slitting process. In addition to opening the fabric, it also untwists the fabric via. rope de-twister device, maintains the fabric width, mangles water from the fabric by extracting up to 60% prior to slitting. The slitting line of the tube fabric is monitored carefully to avoid unnecessary wastage of fabric.. The fabric is passed through a set of padders into a de-twister by which the rope fabric untwists and is spread out with the help of a spreader and the fabric is opened. The fabric is then passed through a few sets of rollers in order to create an even and crease-free surface for stentering.
Fig : Path diagram of a slitting machine
 The main parameters of a slitting machine that are to be considered for operating based on the difference among the fabric types are:
 1. Feed %
 2. Padder pressure (bar)
 3. Machine speed (m/min)
Fig : Slitting Machine
4. Dryers: De-watering and slitting processes of the fabric removes up to 60% of the water content of the fabric. But the dyed fabrics need to be dried completely before proceeding towards further processing. This is why dryers are used to remove water from the fabric without applying any tension. Another thing that the dryer does is controlling lengthwise shrinkage of the fabric which eventually leads to the controlling of the GSM of the fabric.
Dryers are of two types-
 1. Tube dryers for the tubular fabrics
 2. Chain dryers/relax dryers for the open fabrics.
Dryer have heating chambers with blowers that provides the necessary heat required to dry the fabric. A conveyer belt passes the fabric through the heat chambers. Temperature of the heat applied depends on the shade of the fabric. There are motors in the heating zone that controls and regulates the gas release of the machine. Chain dryers have a 100% overfeed system and an underfeed system up to 50%. The width of the fabric is controlled by sticking it widthwise to a pinned chain-rail that can be controlled manually. The fabric width is extended with the chain-rail before it enters the heating chambers, keeping the width still while the fabric dries. The receiving end of the machine has a to and fro plaiting system which leads the fabric to pile on easily having the same width.
Fig : Schematic diagram of a chain dryer
 Setting parameters for different fabric type of knit fabric :
Fabric type
Overfeed speed
Temperature (°C)
Machine speed
Single jersey White 15-25 120-140 8-15
Dyed 15-25 140-150 8-15
White 35-40 120-140 8-10
Dyed 35-40 140-150 10-15
Rib White 15-20 120-140 10-15
Dyed 15-20 140-160 8-15
Interlock White 20-25 120-140 15-20
Dyed 20-25 140-160 15-20
Lacoste 30 140 20
6. Sueding Machine :
Sueding involves creating peach skin like surface on the fabric which gives soft, smooth feel and provide more formal look while maintaining comfort and casual feel. Method of Application: Open width knitted fabric is passed over rotating high speed carbon brushes. There are a total of six rollers active, three rotating in the opposite direction of the fabric direction and the other three rotating along the fabric direction. By adjusting angle of
contact with the brushes, pressure against fabric and speed of fabric being sueded, the intensity of sueding can be varied.
Effect: Peaching softens fabric handle and gives a greater degree of warmth to the fabric. Surface hairs of the fabric are separated from each other, giving a sort piled surface. It however lightens the shade of a colored fabric and can give slight unevenness. Where grey fabric is emersed, the subsequent wet processing, that is dyeing and washing, may be used to remove the dust generated.
Factors affecting the degree of sueding
 1. Number of rollers in operation
 2. Direction of rotation of the rollers against the fabric
 3. Fabric tension
 4. Fabric speed
 5. Wrapping angle on the roller
Path Diagram Of A Dewatering Machine 300x131
Share via
Copy link
Powered by Social Snap


text:
A factor which occasionally affects stilling basin operation is the slope of the chute upstream from the basin. The foregoing experimentation was sufficiently extensive to shed some light on this factor.
Civil Engineering Articles
- Syed Ahmad Amin Shah
Energy and water are the prime movers of human life, though deficient in oil and gas, Pakistan has abundant water and other energy sources like hydel power, coal, wind and solar power.
In the absence of a shaking table, some laboratories have developed simple simulators for dynamic testing of structures. One such kind of a facility, named as the shock table, is installed at the University of Roorkee, India and was developed by Keightly [Ke 72].
The concept of pseudo-dynamic test (also called computer-actuator on-line test or hybrid test) was originated in Japan by Takanashi [Ta 75]. Since then, many researchers [TN 87, MS 89] developed the concept and verified the suitability of this method.


What is the Best Machine Learning Algorithms for Imbalanced Datasets
Machine Learning Algorithms and Imbalanced Datasets
What is the Best Machine Learning Algorithms for Imbalanced Datasets?
In machine learning, imbalanced datasets are those where one class heavily outnumbers the others. This can be due to the nature of the problem or simply because more data is available for one class than the others. Either way, imbalanced datasets can pose a challenge for machine learning algorithms. In this blog post, we'll take a look at which machine learning algorithms are best suited for imbalanced datasets and why they tend to perform better than others.
 For example, in a binary classification problem, if there are 100 observations, and only 10 of them are positive (the rest are negatives), then we say that the dataset is imbalanced. The ratio of positive to negative cases is 1:10.
What is the Best Machine Learning Algorithms for Imbalanced Datasets
What is the Best Machine Learning Algorithms for Imbalanced Datasets
There are a few reasons why some machine learning algorithms tend to perform better on imbalanced datasets than others. First, certain algorithms are designed to handle imbalanced datasets. Second, some algorithms are more robust to outliers, which can be more common in imbalanced datasets. And third, some algorithms are better able to learn from a limited amount of data, which can be an issue when one class is heavily outnumbered by the others.
Some of the best machine learning algorithms for imbalanced datasets include:
Support Vector Machines (SVMs),
Decision Trees,
Random Forests,
– Naive Bayes Classifiers,
k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN),
Of these, SVMs tend to be the most popular choice as they are specifically designed to handle imbalanced datasets. SVMs work by finding a hyperplane that maximizes the margin between the two classes. This helps to reduce overfitting and improve generalization. Decision trees and random forests are also popular choices as they are less sensitive to outliers than other algorithms such as linear regression. Naive Bayes classifiers are another good choice as they are able to learn from a limited amount of data. kNN is also a good choice as it is not sensitive to outliers and is able to learn from a limited amount of data. However, it can be computationally intensive for large datasets.
There are two main types of machine learning algorithms: supervised and unsupervised. Supervised algorithms tend to perform better on imbalanced datasets than unsupervised algorithms. In this blog post, we will discuss why this is so and look at some examples.
Supervised Algorithms
Supervised algorithms are those where the target variable is known. In other words, we have training data where the correct answers are already given. The algorithm then learns from this data and is able to generalize to new data. Some examples of supervised algorithms are regression and classification.
Unsupervised Algorithms
Unsupervised algorithms are those where the target variable is not known. With unsupervised algorithms, we only have input data, without any corresponding output labels. The algorithm has to learn from the data itself without any guidance. Some examples of unsupervised algorithms are clustering and dimensionality reduction.
Why Supervised Algorithms Perform Better on Imbalanced Datasets
The reason why supervised algorithms perform better on imbalanced datasets is because they can learn from the training data which cases are more important. With unsupervised algorithms, all data points are treated equally, regardless of whether they are in the minority or majority class.
For example, in a binary classification problem with an imbalanced dataset, let's say that we want to predict whether a customer will default on their loan payment or not. We have a training dataset of 1000 customers, out of which only 100 (10%) have defaulted on their loan in the past.
If we use a supervised algorithm like logistic regression, the algorithm will learn from the training data that defaulting on a loan is rare (since only 10% of cases in the training data are Positive). This means that it will be more likely to predict correctly that a new customer will not default on their loan (since this is the majority class in the training data).
However, if we use an unsupervised algorithm like k-means clustering, all data points will be treated equally since there is no target variable to guide the algorithm. This means that it might incorrectly cluster together customers who have defaulted on their loans with those who haven't since there is no guidance provided by a target variable.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, supervised machine learning algorithms tend to perform better on imbalanced datasets than unsupervised machine learning algorithms because they can learn from the training data which cases are more important.
Some machine learning algorithms tend to perform better on highly imbalanced datasets because they are designed to deal with imbalance or because they can learn from both classes simultaneously. If you are working with a highly imbalanced dataset, then you should consider using one of these algorithms.
Thanks for reading!
How are machine learning techniques being used to address unstructured data challenges?
Machine learning techniques are being used to address unstructured data challenges in a number of ways:
 1. Natural language processing (NLP): NLP algorithms can be used to extract meaningful information from unstructured text data, such as emails, documents, and social media posts. NLP algorithms can be trained to classify text data, identify key terms and concepts, and extract structured data from unstructured text.
 2. Image recognition: Machine learning algorithms can be used to analyze and classify images, enabling the automatic identification and classification of objects, people, and other elements in images. This can be useful for tasks such as image tagging and search, as well as for applications such as security and surveillance.
 3. Audio and speech recognition: Machine learning algorithms can be used to analyze and classify audio data, enabling the automatic transcription and translation of spoken language. This can be useful for tasks such as speech-to-text transcription, as well as for applications such as call center automation and language translation.
 4. Video analysis: Machine learning algorithms can be used to analyze and classify video data, enabling the automatic detection and classification of objects, people, and other elements in video. This can be useful for tasks such as video tagging and search, as well as for applications such as security and surveillance.
Overall, machine learning techniques are being used in a wide range of applications to extract meaningful information from unstructured data, and to enable the automatic classification and analysis of data in a variety of formats.
How is AI and machine learning impacting application development today?
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning are having a significant impact on application development today in a number of ways:
 1. Enabling new capabilities: AI and machine learning algorithms can be used to enable applications to perform tasks that would be difficult or impossible for humans to do. For example, AI-powered applications can be used to analyze and classify large amounts of data, or to automate complex decision-making processes.
 2. Improving performance: AI and machine learning algorithms can be used to optimize the performance of applications, making them faster, more efficient, and more accurate. For example, machine learning algorithms can be used to improve the accuracy of predictive models, or to optimize the performance of search algorithms.
 3. Streamlining development: AI and machine learning algorithms can be used to automate various aspects of application development, such as testing, debugging, and deployment. This can help to streamline the development process and reduce the time and resources needed to build and maintain applications.
 4. Enhancing user experiences: AI and machine learning algorithms can be used to enhance the user experience of applications, by providing personalized recommendations, recommendations, or by enabling applications to anticipate and respond to the needs and preferences of users.
Overall, AI and machine learning are having a significant impact on application development today, and they are likely to continue to shape the way applications are built and used in the future.
How will advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning shape the future of work and society?
Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning are likely to shape the future of work and society in a number of ways. Some potential impacts include:
 1. Automation: AI and machine learning algorithms can be used to automate tasks that are currently performed by humans, such as data entry, customer service, and manufacturing. This could lead to changes in the types of jobs that are available and the skills that are in demand, as well as to increased productivity and efficiency.
 2. Job displacement: While automation may create new job opportunities, it could also lead to job displacement, particularly for workers in industries that are more susceptible to automation. This could lead to social and economic challenges, including unemployment and income inequality.
 3. Increased efficiency: AI and machine learning algorithms can be used to optimize and streamline business processes, leading to increased efficiency and productivity. This could lead to economic growth and innovation, and could also help to reduce costs for businesses and consumers.
 4. Enhanced decision-making: AI and machine learning algorithms can be used to analyze large amounts of data and make more informed and accurate decisions. This could lead to improved outcomes in fields such as healthcare, finance, and education, and could also help to reduce bias and improve fairness.
Overall, the impact of AI and machine learning on the future of work and society is likely to be significant and complex, with both potential benefits and challenges. It will be important to consider and address these


text:
October 31, 1956
[Photo courtesy of McDonnell Douglas.]
The first-ever aircraft landing at the South Pole took place as a key part of Operation Deep Freeze II, the codename for a series of U.S. missions to Antarctica during 1956-57. The U.S. Navy plane used for this touching down at Earth's southernmost point was a ski-equipped R4D-5L Skytrain commanded by Rear Admiral George J. Dufek; the aircraft was nicknamed "Que Sera Sera" after a popular song that had been introduced earlier that year in the Alfred Hitchcock movie The Man Who Knew Too Much. The purpose of the flight was to survey the South Pole for the construction of a scientific research station there.
Dufek and his all-Navy crew took off in their plane from what was then a naval air facility at McMurdo Sound on Ross Island near Antarctica. Those on the flight with Dufek were Lieutenant Commander Conrad S. "Gus" Shinn, pilot; Captain William M. Hawkes, co-pilot; Lieutenant John R. Swadener, navigator; John P. Strider, AD2 (aviation machinist's mate petty officer 2nd class), crew chief; William A. Cumbie, Jr., AT2 (aviation electronics technician petty officer 2nd class), radioman; and Captain Douglas L. Cordiner, observer.
The aircraft reached the South Pole after an 800-mile (1,288-kilometer) journey. Dufek and his crew spent a total of 49 minutes at the South Pole, installing navigational aids to facilitate the future arrival and delivery of equipment and supplies for building the scientific research station.
Along with being the first plane to land at the South Pole rather than just fly over it, Que Sera Sera transported what was only the third group of people to stand at the bottom of the world. The previous parties to accomplish that – Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen and his men in December 1911 and those men in the ill-fated expedition led by Captain Robert Falcon Scott of the British Royal Navy the following month – had reached the South Pole via sleds.
The success of Que Sera Sera's mission in that region of Antarctica made possible the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station that still stands there today. The aircraft is now on display at the National Naval Aviation Museum at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida.
Additional information on the first aircraft landing at the South Pole is available at _URL_ and _URL_
Leave a Reply


Differences Between Atmospheric and Pressurized Deaerators
Oct 19, 2002 · altitudes have lower atmospheric pressure with correspondingly lower boiler point temperatures. Standard is an average atmospheric pressure at sea level, and is defined as 1 atmosphere on Earth, equal to 760 millimeters of mercury (760 Torr) and 101,325 Pascals and 1 PSIA. Gauge pressure is simply the pressure without considering the
Get A Quote
Glossary | Johnston Boiler | Top Quality Boiler
Let, the atmospheric pressure at grate level be P 1 and P 2 be the atmospheric pressure at an altitude H. The pressure P 2 is lower than the pressure P 1 because with the altitude pressure goes on decreasing. Now let us consider the case when fires are lighted and the chimney is full of hot gases.
Get A Quote
What is Boiler Draught? Types, Classification, Advantages
Absolute Pressure The sum of gauge pressure and atmospheric pressure. Accumulation Test Test used to establish the relieving capacity of boiler safety relief valves. Acid Dew Point Temperature at which acids begin to settle out of flue gases. Alkalinity Determined by boiler water analysis.Boiler water with a pH over 7 is considered alkaline.
Get A Quote
Boiler Draught and its Classification | Thermodynamics
Jun 14, 2015 · The gauge measures pressure of the fluid (liquid and gas) flowing through a pipe or duct, boiler etc. irrespective of prevailing atmospheric pressure. Vacuum (Or Vacuum pressure) (Pvacc): It is the pressure of a fluid, which is always less than atmospheric pressure. Pressure (i.e. vacuum) in a steam condenser is one such example.
Get A Quote
Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
The main difference between an atmospheric deaerator and a pressurized deaerator is the type of steam regulator used. Atmospheric units have a temperature regulator and pressurized units have a pressure regulator. Temperature regulators are not as responsive as pressurize regulators.
Get A Quote
Atm vs. Gauge Pressure - Boiler and Pressure Vessel
Draft (boiler) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Get A Quote
What's the Difference Between Gauge, Absolute
(c) equals to atmospheric pressure (d) equals the pressure of water in the container (e) boiling has ^nothing to do with vapour pressure. Ans: a 45. Mechanical equivalent of heat for 1 kcal or Joule's equivalent is equal to (a) 421 kgm (b) 421 kgm (c) 539 kgm (d) 102 kgm (e) 75 kgm. Ans: a 46.
Get A Quote
03 Related boiler atmospheric pressure pressure difference information


text:
Research we're watching
Younger adults who use marijuana appear to face a higher risk of stroke compared with those who don't use the drug, according to a report published Nov. 11, 2019, in the journal Stroke.
Researchers pooled data from a nationally representative survey from the CDC that included nearly 44,000 participants ages 18 to 44. About 14% reported using marijuana within the past month. Young adults who recently used marijuana were 1.8 times more likely to experience a stroke compared with nonusers. The risk was 2.5 times higher among frequent users (more than 10 days a month). Frequent marijuana users who also smoked regular cigarettes had three times the risk for nonusers.
Because the study was observational, it doesn't prove that marijuana use caused the increased risk of stroke. However, marijuana smoke contains many of the same toxins, irritants, and carcinogens found in cigarette smoke — a known contributor to cardiovascular disease.
Image: wildpixel/Getty Images
As a service to our readers, Harvard Health Publishing provides access to our library of archived content. Please note the date of last review or update on all articles.
No content on this site, regardless of date, should ever be used as a substitute for direct medical advice from your doctor or other qualified clinician.