DIY ethic
From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki
DIY ethic is the ethic of self-sufficiency through completing tasks without the aid of a paid expert. The "do it yourself" (DIY) ethic promotes the idea that anyone is capable of performing a variety of tasks rather than relying on paid specialists.
The DIY ethic requires that the adherent seeks out the knowledge required to complete a given task. This ethic emerges in correspondence to the punk subculture, the DIY ethic is tied to punk ideology and anticonsumerism. Central to the ethic is the empowerment of individuals and communities, encouraging the employment of alternative approaches when faced with bureaucratic or societal obstacles to achieving their objectives.
Punk culture[edit]
According to the punk aesthetic, one can express oneself and produce moving and serious works with limited means. Arguably, the earliest example of this attitude was the punk music scene of the 1970s. It supports the rejection of consumer culture, using existing systems or existing processes that would foster dependence on established societal structures.
The DIY punk ethic also applies to simple everyday living, such as:
 - Learning bicycle repair rather than taking a bike to a mechanic's shop.
 - Sewing, repairing, or modifying clothing rather than buying new clothes.
 - Vegetable gardening.
 - Reclaiming recyclable products by dumpster diving.
Some educators also engage in DIY teaching techniques, sometimes referred to as Edupunk.
Commercial DIY music has its origins in the mid 1970s punk rock scene. It developed as a way to circumnavigate the mainstream music industry. By controlling the entire production and distribution chain, DIY music bands can develop a closer relationship between artists and fans. The DIY ethic gives total control over the final product without need to compromise with record labels.
Riot grrrl, associated with third-wave feminism, also adopted the core values of the DIY punk ethic by leveraging creative ways of communication through zines and other projects.
Adherents of the DIY punk ethic can also work collectively. For example, punk impresario David Ferguson's CD Presents was a DIY concert production, recording studio, and record labelnetwork.
Skateboarding and cycling[edit]
In the skateboarding culture, DIY skateparks are parks or skate spots made by skaters themselves. That involves woodworking, concrete work and a vast variety of craftsmanship to build the most original and creative spaces to skate.
It is argued that the first DIY skatepark built was Burnside Skatepark, located in Portland, OR. Built without permission by skateboarders and later sanctioned by the city, Burnside is the preeminent example of action. The Park appears in the movie Free Willy in 1993. In 1999, the park is part of Tony Hawk's Tony Hawk (series) video game. In 2007, it becomes the epicenter for Gus Van Sant's Paranoid Park (film).
After that the culture spread over and other parks started to appear. A few examples are, Philadelphia's FDR Skatepark, San Diego's Washington Street, San Pedro's Channel Street, Seattle's Marginal Way, St Louis' King's Highway and most recently Portland's Brooklyn Street Skate Spot.
The DIY skateboarding culture made its way to Europe, Brazil's Praça Duó and other parts of the world, being the main style and theme for Pontus Alv's unique approach to skateboarding film making in Strongest of the Strange.
DIY bicycle projects can include creative ways to revamp or transform your bike, but are primarily built on empowering cyclists to understand how their bikes work and how easy they are to fix themselves in order to make cycling an even easier transportation option. Cycling has also seen an explosion of DIY-style shops ("bike co-ops"), such as the Bicycle Kitchen in Los Angeles, where anyone can come in and be mentored by a volunteer and get access to tools for maintaining and modifying their own bicycle.
United Kingdom[edit]
Having originated in the late 1960s and early 1970s in the form of the free festival movement, mutating through protest camps (thus incorporating elements of earlier radical tendencies such as the beat and peace movements) and into punk through bands such as Crass, DIY culture became something of a recognised movement in the 1990s in the UK, where the protest (the direct action) and party (the festival) converged. The prime example of this movement was the Exodus Collective. This development constituted a significant cross-pollination of pleasure and politics resembling the anti-disciplinary politics of the 1960s. During the 1990s, demonstrating the desire for an economy of mutual aid and co-operation, the commitment to the non-commodification of art, the appropriation of digital and communication technologies for free community purposes, and the commitment to alternative technologies such as biodiesel. From 1991–1997 the Conservative government cracked down on squatting, animal rights activists, greens, travellers, as well as raves, parties and dance culture.
In 1994, the United Kingdom passed the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 which contained several sections designed to curtail the growing free party and anti-road protest movements (sometimes embodied by ravers and travellers). It empowered police to arrest citizens who appeared to be preparing to hold a rave, waiting for a rave to start, or attending a rave.
Technological developments, new internet platforms, applications and innovations in the last ten years have made it easier for artists, makers and creators of all types to circumvent professional studios and create high-quality work themselves. Developments in media software and the proliferation of high-speed internet access have given artists of all ages and abilities from across the globe, the opportunity to make their own films, records, or other creative content, and distribute it over the web. Such works were usually displayed on a private homepage, and gained popularity through word-of-mouth recommendations or being attached to chain letters (known as viral distribution).
Sites like Newgrounds and DeviantArt allow users to post their art and receive community critique, while Instructables allows DIYers to exhibit their works in an instructional how-to format. It is becoming common for content creators to share and receive compensation for their work online. Musicians can distribute their wares over the internet, independently of commercial funding, using the same computer they used to record.
See also[edit]
 - Anarcho-punk
 - Basement show
 - Bricolage
 - Cassette culture
 - Circuit bending
 - Community film
 - Crass
 - D.I.Y. or Die: How to Survive as an Independent Artist
 - Do-It-Yourself (history)
 - Guerrilla gig
 - Hackerspace
 - Homebuilt aircraft
 - Individualism
 - Infoshops
 - Jugaad
 - Lo-fi music
 - Maker culture
 - Off-the-grid
 - Remodernist Film
 - Self-publishing
 - Underground comix
 - White box (computer hardware)


text:
Help desks and customer service organizations that have successfully journeyed from being reactive to being strategic generally follow a similar path. Often the steps include the following:
> Develop a call reduction strategy. The most common approach to call reduction is root-cause analysis; a process designed to eliminate the source of key problems. Root-cause analysis, which ought to be undertaken monthly, categorizes calls by type and technology and then discovers common causes for those calls. Next it acts to diminish the number of future calls by refining user training or the development of new online help screens. For example, one help desk found that new employees called the help desk an average of four times per month, while those who had worked at the company for a year or more averaged only one call per month. By providing a half-hour IT orientation to all new employees, the help desk reduced call volume from new users by 60 percent. But don't overlook the obvious. Another help desk reduced incoming calls by nearly 5 percent just by informing callers how their problems had been solved. The next time users encountered the same problem, they were able to solve it without the help desk.
> Free agents to work on call abatement projects. Since abatement projects are the heavy-lifting task of call desk centers, they need to be undertaken well out of earshot of ringing phones. The most common excuse for agents being unavailable for planning is they are trapped in 911 mode. To release agents for call abatement, try to assign additional resources to staffing on the phones or else be prepared for a short-term increase in the call volume can be reduced. Contractors can be particularly useful as a stopgap resource for answering telephones while regular agents focus on call reduction efforts.
See the following link for a great White Paper on the topic:

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Rdr4 Chemical Equilibrium
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bDATES PERFORMED: JANUARY 8, 2013
CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
D.M. TAN1 AND P.B. ALEGRO2
1DEPARTMENT OF MINING, METALLURGICAL, AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING, COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 2 INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY, COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES, DILIMAN QUEZON CITY, PHILIPPINES RECEIVED JANUARY 15, 2013
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A. Iron- Silver Equilibrium
The first part of the experimentation focuses in the iron-silver system. Silver nitrate (AgNO3) was added to ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) shown in this equation: 2AgNO3(l) + FeSO4(l) Ag2SO4-(aq)+ Fe(NO3)2(aq)
The additon of AgNO3to FeSO4 equilibrium had an effect on the equlibria. Though no precipitate was formed after just mixing the solutions, a precipitate formed after centrifugation. This was done to achieve separation of silver precipitate to the supernate.
The silver precipitate is formed due to the unsolubility of AgNO3 which displaces the chemical equilibrium of FeSO4 towards the silver compound. This is an application of Le-Chatelier fundament which states that an equilibrium will attempt to shift in a direction that will counteract a stress that is placed on it.
The supernate was then tested for the presence of three ions namely, Fe2+, Fe3+, and Ag+. In the test for Fe2+, he supernate was added with K3Fe(CN)6 that resulted to net ionic equation: Fe2+(aq) + K3Fe(CN)6(aq) KFe[Fe(CN)6](s)
The precipitate which is KFe[Fe(CN)6](s) is a prussian blue precipitae which indicates the presence of Fe2+ ions. Next, for Fe3+, KCNS was added in the supernate shown in this net ionic equation: Fe3+(aq) + SCN-(aq) Fe(SCN)2+(aq)
A blood red solution was achieved which indicates the presence of Fe3+ ions. Lastly, for the Ag+ test, the HCl was added to the supernate shown in the ionic equation below: Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq) AgCl(s)
A white precipitate formed which indicates the presence ogf Ag+ ions.
Since the reactants and the products are both present at the same time, the system has reached its equilibrium. This means though products are produced, the reverse reaction still proceeds. For that it could be concluded that the range of Keq is between 10-2 and 102, significant amounts of both product and reactant will remain on the reaction and these substances, depending on the particular chemical reaction, can be easily be detected via qualitative test.
B. Copper-Ammonia Equilibrium
The second part of the experimentation focuses on the copper(II)-ammonia system. Ammonia (NH3) was added to cupric sulfate as shown in this chemical equation: (with limited NH3) CuSO4(aq) + NH3(aq) Cu(OH)+(s)
Cu(OH), a light blue precipitate formed upon adding smaller amount of ammonia. The precipitate formed because the concentration of the reactants were not equal thus no equilibrium attained. But with excess amount of ammonia added, as shown in this equation: (with excess NH3) CuSO4(aq) + 4NH3(aq) Cu(NH3)42+(aq)
The precipitate would dissolve due to the formation of soluble complex compound. The reaction was forced to go on completion which resulted to a deep blue complex.
When HCl was added, the production of NH4+ is triggered. The decolorization of the solution is due to the system at equilibrium given by the reaction below: NH3(aq)+H+(aq)⇆NH4+(aq)
The addition of HCl removes the available NH3 that will lead to the formation of the precipitate, copper (II) hydroxide and the complex ion, tetraamminecopper(II). Therefore, by the addition of HCl, the general chemical equilibrium is favored in the direction of the reverse reaction.
The amount of HCl added to shift the equilibrium to the reverse direction is 1/3 less than the amount of NH3 needed to complete the equilibrium (HCl- 10 drops, NH3-15 drops). This indicates that it is easier for HCl to shift the direction of the equilibrium in reverse than for NH3 which needed more amount to complete the reaction and attain...
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Builders at Australia's Incat shipyard say they've completed and tested the world's fastest ship, which is powered by two aircraft engine-based GE gas turbines driving a pair of water jets. The 325-foot passenger and vehicle ferry is a "wave-piercing catamaran" that can travel as fast as 58.1 knots, or 67 miles per hour. "This is certainly the fastest ship in the world," said Incat managing director Kim Clifford. "Of course there's a few speed boats that could surpass 58 knots, but nothing that could carry 1,000 passengers and 150 cars, and with an enormous duty-free shop on board."
The ferry, named Francisco after Pope Francis, will link the pontiff's native city of Buenos Aires in Argentina with Montevideo, Uruguay, 140 miles away across the River Plate estuary.
Speed is not the ship's only distinction. The Francisco is the world's first high-speed ferry that uses liquefied natural gas (LNG) as primary fuel. (It uses marine-grade oil only to start the engines, and as backup fuel.) An Incat announcement says that the ship is the "fastest, environmentally cleanest, and most efficient high-speed ferry in the world."
LNG will power two GE aeroderivative gas turbines from the company's ecomagination portfolio that have modified Boeing 747 aircraft engines at their core. Each of the turbines, which produce a combined 59,000 horse power, will turn a gearbox with a 7-to-1 reduction that drives an impeller generating a waterjet. "We had to redesign the fuel manifold and the fuel delivery system," says Ivan Bach, program manager with GE Power and Water. "But we have of a lot of experience in the marine environment. We've accumulated millions of hours powering ships, oil and gas rigs, and other equipment."

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Thirteen-year-old Richard Turere's bright idea is aimed at preserving his family's cattle, and Kenya's dwindling lion population...
at the same time. To prevent lions from attacking the cattle at night,
Grab video code:
Thirteen-year-old Richard Turere's bright idea is aimed at preserving his family's cattle, and Kenya's dwindling lion population at the same time. To prevent lions from attacking the cattle at night, the schoolboy has invented a 10 dollar lighting system to scare them off...and away from farmers who kill the predators on sight. SOUNDBITE (English) LION LIGHTS INVENTOR, RICHARD TURERE, SAYING: "Lions were eating our cattle at night, which made me very annoyed, and I thought that I have to come up with an idea of making bulbs. Because I knew that the lions were afraid of something moving. When someone wakes up at night and moves with a torch, they are afraid. So I made the bulbs which flash at night and keep away lions." The LED bulbs came from broken flashlights. Richard attached them to poles on the roof of the open-air enclosure housing the family cattle. He wired the lights to the solar-powered car battery which powers his family's TV. SOUNDBITE (English) LION LIGHTS INVENTOR, RICHARD TURERE, SAYING: "This is the negative one and this is the positive one and these wires carry the power to the lights outside." Lions frequently wander onto farm land from the nearby, unfenced, Nairobi National Park and, in increasing numbers are being killed by farmers protective of their herds. Conservationists like Paula Kahumbu say Kenya's lion population has plummeted as a result, from 15,000 to just 2,000 in a decade. And she says the killing of lions is accelerating. SOUNDBITE (English) EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, WILDLIFE DIRECT, PAULA KAHUMBU, SAYING: "Since October 2011, we documented 169 killings of livestock by lions in that location and nobody harmed the lions, and now suddenly they did kill these lions." But since installing the lights, the Turere family hasn't lost any cattle, and neighbouring families want Richard to install similar set-ups for them. And local environmentalists are now paying for Richard to attend Nairobi's prestigious Brookhouse International School. Teacher Raymond Wyngaard says he's impressed. SOUNDBITE (English) BROOKHOUSE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL TEACHER, RAYMOND WYNGAARD SAYING: "He seems to have a passion for it, a passion for nature and things that are good, which in terms of the school is a good addition..also for the other students who have been here a while, sometimes they take things for granted and then someone like Richard comes in and he sees things in a different light." Lions are a major tourist attractions in Kenya's game parks. But for the masai, cattle herding is essential to survive. Thirteen year old Richard Turere has found a way for the two to coexist. Jim Drury, Reuters

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


How to Find Expired User Accounts with or without PowerShell
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Native Auditing Netwrix Auditor for Active Directory
 1. Open the PowerShell ISE → Run the following cmdlet, paying close attention to the properties used:
Search-ADAccount -Server $ThisDomain -Credential $Creds -AccountExpired -UsersOnly -ResultPageSize 2000 -resultSetSize $null| Select-Object Name, SamAccountName, DistinguishedName, AccountExpirationDate
 1. Review the accounts listed in the PowerShell output:
how to find expired accounts: PowerShell report
 1. Run Netwrix Auditor → Navigate to "Reports" → Expand the "Active Directory" section → Go to "Active Directory – State-in-Time" → Select "User Accounts - Expired" → Click "View".
 2. To get this report by email regularly, simply choose the "Subscribe" option and define the schedule and recipients.
how to find expired accounts: Netwrix Auditor User Accounts Expired report
Quickly Find Expired User Accounts Instead of Scripting in PowerShell
As a part of security management best practices, Active Directory administrators have to find expired user accounts so they can remove or disable them before an attacker has time to take them over. User accounts for vendors or contractors are often needed only temporally, but even if the IT team sets an expiration date, a malicious actor can reset the date by running a simple ADAccount cmdlet and then use the account as a backdoor to gain access to IT systems like Windows Server and Microsoft Active Directory. Therefore, it's critical to ensure that you know about all expired user accounts in your Active Directory and delete any of them that are no longer needed to minimize risk and make your IT environment more secure.
Of course, you can get AD user expired accounts using PowerShell. However, it does requires skill, time and effort to write a Windows PowerShell script, pull the required data from your domain and compile a report.
Unlike PowerShell commands and legacy software solutions, Netwrix Auditor for Active Directory makes it easy to quickly get expired users. In a few clicks, you can find any user accounts that expired, so you can determine whether they are still needed or can be deleted as part of IT housekeeping procedures. You can easily filter the results and export the list of expired user accounts to any of multiple file formats, including CSV. And you can subscribe to the report to stay current on any changes to the list of expired user accounts to improve the security of your IT environment.


text:
National Wildlife Refuge
|10630 Road 181
Ellsworth, NE 69340
Phone Number: _PHONE_
|Visit the Refuge's Web Site:
|Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge is a vast sea of mixed-grass habitats with wetlands found where the sandhills dip below the water table.|
Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge
Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) is located approximately 28 miles north of Oshkosh, Nebraska. The Refuge was established in 1931 to help conserve waterfowl populations. It is located at the eastern edge of the Nebraska panhandle in Garden County, on the southwestern edge of the 19,000 square mile Nebraska sandhills.
The sandhills are characterized by continuous grass and forb-covered dunes and swales and are considered to be the largest body of sand in the world that is not a desert. Where the swales dip below the water table, sub-irrigated meadows, marshes, and lakes have formed. In most cases, no stream systems exist between wetlands. Many lakes are maintained solely by underground water sources.
The 45,849-acre Refuge is largely grasslands dotted with hundreds of permanent, semipermanent, and temporary wetlands. It is administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) as part of the Crescent Lake/North Platte National Wildlife Refuge Complex. The Complex headquarters is 100 miles to the west in the city of Scottsbluff, Nebraska.
Getting There...
Crescent Lake NWR is located approximately 28 miles north of Oshkosh, Nebraska. From U.S. Highway 26, turn north on West Second. Proceed north out of town (oil road will convert to gravel), and follow directional signs to the Refuge headquarters. From U.S. Highway 2, turn south just east of Lakeside, Nebraska. Follow directional signs to the Refuge headquarters (approximately 28 miles).
Get Google map and directions to this refuge/WMD from a specified address:
Learn More >>
A "sea of grass in a sea of grass" best describes Crescent Lake NWR. The Refuge has largely recovered from past overgrazing, and grazing is now used an important habitat management tool. Today, native prairie management consists of a combination of rest, grazing, and prescribed burning.
The Refuge contains about 8,251 acres of wetlands. Manipulation of water levels is possible on nine of the lakes and is used to control shoreline vegetation in order to create open shoreline for migratory birds.
Hayden's penstemon, also known as blowout penstemon, is Nebraska's rarest plant and is the only endangered plant on the Refuge. This plant is unique in that it depends on non-vegetated sand surfaces, or blowouts, for its existence. Reactivation of some blowouts has been attempted and seedlings from the University of Nebraska have been transplanted to historic sites.
In 1972, 24,502 acres of the Refuge were proposed for inclusion in the National Wilderness Preservation System. Congress has not acted on that proposal. In the intervening years, the area has been managed to maintain and improve the wilderness characteristics that existed at the time of the proposal.


of its travel (you should hear a little click). You want there to be about 1mm of travel left after it triggers the endstop. Ensure this is the case for the x and the y axis.
For the z axis, first make sure the bolts holding on the bed are tightened down so the springs are as compressed as possible. Now, manually raise the z axis until you hear it click. There should still be a few mm between the printhead and the bed. If so, you're all set to continue.
Turn on the printer and press all of the endstops with your finger. As long as the light on each endstop illuminated when triggered and nothing strange happened, you should be ready to test homing your printer. Manually move your print head to somewhere near the middle of the printer and move the z axis down so it is out of the way. Issue the following 3 commands, one at a time, in the manual control tab. Ensure each works before continuing to the next.
G28 X (homes x axis, printhead should move left towards min)
G28 Y (homes y axis, printhead should move back towards max)
G1 Y0 (moves printhead to position Y=0, aka y min)
G28 (homes z axis, platform should move up)
Hopefully you didn't just break your printer! If your printer stopped when triggering the endstop then did one "bounce" that means everything is working properly. Time to break in the z axis and test motion!
Step 8: Breaking in the Eclips3D
Well sort of, this will break in the mechanics side, not the hot end side. Don't worry, it's super easy! Simply grab the files below. Then in repetier go to the preview tab. Then click the icon that says load. Load up the first script you just downloaded. You should see a G28 command then followed by a bunch of G1 commands. Now grab a beer and hit run, but stay with the printer as it completes these! Your printer will automatically do a bunch of moves to test and break in the axes. The first file only does the x and y axis.
If at any time you hear the printer skipping steps (it sounds exactly as you would expect it to), immediately stop the program. Try to move the parts by hand and if you just noticed it was a rough spot you can try running the program again. If it happens repeatedly, stop and determine if the problem before proceeding. Common causes are too much pre-load tension on the x axis or misalignment.
After the program finishes, repeat the same process with the second file you downloaded. This one is only for the z axis. Before running the program, manually move the z axis to its home position. The reason for this is because by default in the Eclips3D firmware, the z axis homes at a relatively fast speed. Before it is broken in, this may be too fast for it! If the Z axis skips steps during the last motion, this is ok as it is an extreme test and likely will never be moving this fast!
After successfully running both programs, you can home all the axes and you're good to go!
Step 9: Testing the Hot End
Before beginning this step, ensure your E3D V6 hot end is fully assembled and ensure that the fan to cool the hot end is in place and connected to power. Check the thermistor temperature located at the bottom of Repetier host and ensure it is within a reasonable range for room temperature (around 20*C). If it is, you should be good to try heating it up. There is a possibility of thermal runaway if any electronics arrived damaged, so keep a close eye on your printer during this step. In manual control, set the extruder temperature to 200*C and closely watch the temperature on the thermostat. It may go over the set temperature by as much as 20*C, but that is ok for now. If you see it getting up over 230*C immediately power off the printer and inspect the board and hot end for damage or lose connections.
Now, assuming your hot end made it up to temperature, you can try extruding just a little bit of filament by hand. Grab your PLA filament (if testing abs, heat it up to 230*C). With one hand and with the other press down on the lever on the extruder. Now guide the filament into the top of the hot end and push it through until you start to see some plastic come out of the bottom. After you send a few inches through you can pull the filament back out the top and store it for now. The reason for this is because when you do an auto-tune of the hot end, you want it to be exactly how it will be when you're printing, so you want there to be some plastic already in the hot end. Once you're done, turn off the hot end and let it start cooling down, then proceed to the next step.
Step 10: PID Autotune
After your hot end heats up, you may notice the temperature oscillates around the set temperature but never settles. A little overshoot or undershoot when heating up is normal, but after one or two bounces it should level out. If your hot end does not, you may need to do a PID autotune.
To do so, start with your hot end at room temperature. Make sure it is raised up from the bed as it will be heating up. Issue the command "M303 E0 S210 C8"
Your printer will now heat up and do a few cycles. After a few minutes, it will complete and spit out a few numbers to you in the text window. These are your new Kp, Ki, and Kd values. Power off your printer and take out the sd card, then open up the config file on your computer. Scroll down until you find where these values are stored and update them with the new values generated from the autotune. Then save and eject your sd card and put it back in your printer. Try heating again and see if it levels out. If it still does not level out after doing this, remove your sd card and edit the config file once again with your computer. Cut the Kp value in half, then eject and put it back in your printer .This should help give you a more damped and steady output!
Step 11: 3D Printing Workflow
Ready?! I'm ready! I bet you're ready too! So lets get printing!
Not so fast.....first lets go over exactly how you print something. This is especially important if you want to..you know..print something.
First, make or get your STL model. You can download one off of thingiverse or design one in a 3d modeling program. If you design your own, just make sure you export it as a .stl file and make sure the units are correct. If they aren't, you'll notice as soon as you import it!
Next, open up repetier host. On the right hand side, hit the plus button. Then import your .stl file. You can move it around, resize it, duplicate it, etc. Once you have it in the right place, you're ready to slice it up.
Go to the slicing tab on the right. Make sure all the profiles are the ones you want selected, and that the print settings are how you want them. Normal prints are around 10 to 30% infill and the most common infill types are rectangular and hexagonal. I prefer hexagonal as it prints a much stronger infill, although it takes a little bit longer to do.
Then, make sure the print bed is clear of any old prints or dust and hit the print button in Reptier! Your printer should begin printing! If anything goes wrong during the print, you have the option to pause and cancel your print right next to where you started it on the top toolbar!
Step 12: Troubleshooting Hardware
Lots can go wrong as 3D printers are still a very young hobby technology! Hopefully your problem is simple, but who knows! Here are some frequent problems and solutions. If you don't see your problem here, head over to the forums. There you will be able to look for the solution there or ask it yourself!
_URL_
Azteeg Board isn't recognized by computer
-Install board drivers
-Check it is being powered by PSU
-Ensure firmware and config file are on SD card and in board
X or Y axis gets jammed
-Loosen back belt clamp, wiggle gantry a little to re-situate, and re-tighten clamp.
-Loosen adjustable Y axis rod blocks and re-situate to allow smoother travel
-Ensure both X and Y motors are plugged in and being powered
-Ensure X and Y belt pulleys are tightened against motor shaft
Step 13: Troubleshooting 3D Prints
Well you made it this far so congrats! Just one more big roadblock before you are free to print whatever your heart desires. There are lots of things that can affect quality of 3D prints, and many guides out there already, so below will be 3 excellent and well written guides to correct print quality issues. The guides are (in my opinion) in order with the best/most comprehensive first.
_URL_
_URL_
_URL_
Comments
DIY Hacks and How Tos (author)2015-12-01
Great intro tutorial
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text:
A Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) between the University of Pretoria (UP) and the Animal Feed Manufacturers Association (AFMA) to the value of R50 million for the establishment of a feed mill research facility was officially signed on 11 December 2018.
The MoA was signed by Prof Cheryl de la Rey, Vice-Chancellor and Principal of UP and Mr De Wet Boshoff, Executive Director of AFMA. The ceremony was attended by UP dignitaries and AFMA board members.
According to Prof de la Rey, "this UP/AFMA Feed mill research facility will take the relationship to a new level with a partner on the scale and impact of AFMA – it is a great partner to have in South Africa, Africa and internationally – especially when combined with a research intensive university such as UP."
Prof De La Rey emphasised that "the university has a long and successful history in agriculture, seeing that we celebrated the centenary of agriculture at UP in 2017. Now we must focus on the next 100 years, taking a good look at our assets such as the Hatfield Experimental Farm and the Miertjie le Roux farm with its unique opportunities and potential."
"This new research facility and laboratory will serve as conduit for a number of related research and education activities in both animal and plant agriculture, which are desperately needed by the agricultural industry, the National Department of Agriculture and a number of other scientific disciplines such as biosciences, environmental and climate research. These trans-disciplinary research initiatives will contribute to new discoveries in climate smart agriculture, food safety and food security."
"The signing of the MoA is aligned with AFMA's training and skills development strategic focus area, one of the six strategic focus areas," Boshoff says. "Feed safety and animal nutrition are critically important to the feed industry and should be supported by proper education, training and research."
The training and research feed mill facility is an initiative of the AFMA Board of Directors, driven by Dr Hinner Köster, CEO at Kaonne Investments and Adjunct Faculty Professor at Kansas State University in Manhattan and took close to six years of planning and cooperation.
"What makes this facility extra special, is the fact that it will be the very first of its kind in Africa for feed milling," Boshoff says.
In addition to providing students access to specialised on-site training and practical experience, the facility will also include a laboratory, a lecture hall, as well as research and product development facilities for AFMA members and local and international animal feed nutritionists and feed manufacturers.
The feed miller curriculum developed by AFMA was finalised and registered during the second half of 2018 with the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) as a national qualification. The qualification includes theoretical and practical components that could be presented in different formats, such as short courses, practical training and distance learning. In the training and skills development process, AFMA has partnered with and is assisted by the AGRISETA, which allows AFMA to develop the framework and platforms through which the feed millers curriculum will be rolled-out and implemented.
According to the MoA between UP and AFMA, AFMA will be responsible for the funding of the design and construction of the training and research feed mill facility. AFMA will via its members and industry role players contribute to the laboratory and other equipment necessary for the establishment and ongoing operations. UP will contribute the site and infrastructure, as well as the final operating of the mill with the assistance of AFMA specialists.
AFMA is the official industry representative body of the South African feed industry in the livestock feed sector and larger agricultural environment. AFMA represents a major part of the South African feed industry which is ranked no 22 in the world. Its members are collectively responsible for an annual feed production of 11,4 million tons, which represents the greatest proportion of animal feed production on the African continent. Animal feeds play a leading role in the global food industry to ensure safe, abundant and affordable food for humans and food producing animals. According to the 2017 Alltech Global Feed Survey, South Africa has by far the biggest potential for growth in terms of animal feed production and manufacturing, necessitating high level feed science and associated animal science research.
Source: Animal Feed Manufacturers Association


text:
by Virginia B. Hargrove
The fish tank at the dentist's draws my kids like a magnet. They excitedly tell one another stories about each fish. Little kids...big imaginations.
As I waited through their appointments, I thought about a nifty way to put those active imaginations to work!
When we got home, we were going to create an edible aquarium in a cup! This is one "pet" you won't have to worry about!
What better way to celebrate National Jello Week February 12-18!
- Clear plastic or glass containers
- A skewer or small plastic makeup paddle
- 2 cups lemon-lime flat soda
- 1 tablespoon unflavored gelatin
- 2 drops blue food coloring
- Small colorful candy for the gravel
- Fish shaped crackers, gummy fish, or other edible "ocean" critters
Blossom your gelatin. Isn't that a descriptive term? I expect to see those little granules open up into roses...or for this project into sea anemones. It means to sprinkle the gelatin evenly over 1/4 cup soda (or water), and let stand five minutes to soften.
Place 1/2 cup soda in a small saucepan over medium heat. Heat just to boiling. Add the softened gelatin, stirring to dissolve the gelatin completely over the heat, about 2 minutes. Remove from heat.
Add the remaining soda and food coloring, and stir to combine. Pour the liquid into a bowl. Transfer to the refrigerator to chill until partially set. You want it to be a little thick, but still mushy and movable but not watery. Fish placed in the middle of the aquarium should stay there. Check every 15 minutes
Once your fish bowl "water" thickens, call the kids! Empty some "gravel" (colorful candies) into each container. Then gently spoon in the gelatin solution. Fill it up to the desired water level.
Now for the fun! Hand out a skewer or small make-up paddle to each child. Show how to use it to push candies into the "water."
Sit back and watch (or make your own) as they load up their cups. Use gummy worms for eels, stick fish or seaweed. Add gummy fish and top it off with a gummy life preserver.
Once your child's happy with the fish bowl, place it in the refrigerator until completely set. Then eat and enjoy!
Caution: Each time our kids raved about this project to their friends, we had to set up another fish bowl making day!
Do you have a project that seems to attract the entire neighborhood? Please share it with us.
Copyright © Pregnancy.org.


text:
|coefficient of variation|
Information about financial, finance, business, accounting, payroll, inventory, investment, money, inventory control, stock trading, financial advisor, tax advisor, credit.
Main Page: credit, finance, money, business, accounting, inventory control, tax advisor, investment,
Definition of coefficient of variation
coefficient of variation
a measure of risk used when the standard deviations for multiple projects are approximately
A measurement of the extent to which the returns on a given stock move with stock market.
a measure of dispersion that indicates the degree of relative association existing between two variables
A measure of the goodness of fit of the relationship between the dependent and
a measure of dispersion that
A standardized statistical measure of the dependence of two random variables,
A measure of the tendency of two variables to change values
A statistic in which the covariance is scaled to a
The correlation between predicted and actual stock returns, sometimes used to
a number (prefaced as a multiplier
An additional required deposit to bring an investor's equity account up to the initial margin
regression analysis a statistical technique that minimizes the sum of the squared deviations between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables and provides the user
Related to : financial, finance, business, accounting, payroll, inventory, investment, money, inventory control, stock trading, financial advisor, tax advisor, credit.


text:
Sweden's energy minister, Maud Olofsson, announced yesterday that the country would install 2,000 wind turbines over the next decade that would add to 10 terawatt hours of clean energy per year.
The country is also aiming to have 50 percent of its electricity come from renewable sources by 2020. To reach that goal, Sweden will be adding another 15 TWh of renewable energy from sources like solar power and biofuels in addition to the wind power.
Sweden already gets 20 percent of its energy needs from renewable sources, mainly hydroelectricity plants, so the 50 percent mark will not be impossible for them to reach.
written by April, March 04, 2010
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All Forums Viewpoint
dnarva 7 posts Joined 03/10
29 Apr 2015
System health status and heartbeat query threshold response time
Per this article:
_URL_ understanding-the-system-health-equation
"A Teradata Database system is considered DOWN in the health equation if any of the following conditions occurs:
 - A canary query is enabled in the health equation and returns an error (such as a SQL parse exception or login failure).
 - The System Heartbeat canary query is enabled in the health equation and fails to complete in under 60 seconds.
 - Any other canary query is enabled in the health equation and fails to complete in under 30 minutes."
Is there any way to change the maximum allowed response time on the System Heartbeat canary query (sel * from dbcinfo)? We've seen a few instances where we received "health down" alert for the heartbeat query when the system isn't actually down. Sometimes other system conditions (which we'd like to alert on separately) do cause a heartbeat response of greater than 60 seconds, triggering the "health down" alert. We want to increase this value to something that would raise the likelihood that the system is actually down when we receive the alert. For sake of example let's say 120 seconds. So: Can we do this? And if so, where?

Viewpoint 14.10

Thanks,
Dan
stever 149 posts Joined 08/09
29 Apr 2015
Dan,
The canary query response time threshold cannot be modified today. However, the query can certainly be modified. Certainly there's some query that can complete in under 60 seconds on your system, right? It might be beneficial to switch to a single AMP query and ensure it isn't delayed by TASM.
Thanks, Steve
stever 149 posts Joined 08/09
30 Apr 2015
It's in Monitored Systems (or Teradata Systems if you are running Viewpoint 14.10 or earlier).
dnarva 7 posts Joined 03/10
30 Apr 2015
That was easy enough, thanks Steve. Basically 'sel * from dbc.dbase where databasenamei = 'dbc'' - with row-level access lock. Will always go to same amp but is at least single amp.
You must sign in to leave a comment.


text:
Title: Making Technological Miracles
Author: Mark P. Mills
Publication: The New Atlantis
Date: Spring 2017 .
- Manhattan Institute Senior Fellow and physicist Mark P. Mills addresses calls for a technological "miracle" in energy production.
- Mills argues that innovations in energy production are fundamentally constrained by the laws of physics. While the efficiency of green energy technologies is expected to improve incrementally in the future, it is unrealistic to expect revolutionary innovations in this area.
- Overhauling energy production is not a one-time engineering challenge. Truly disruptive technological "miracles" are rarely the result of linear developments or goal-oriented research.


text: Daniel_Stuckey writes "No man is an island, but evolutionarily, each person functions like one for the HIV virus. That's according to Thomas Leitner, a researcher working on a project aimed at creating technology for tracking HIV through a population. The technology, which is being studied at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, may allow people to identify who infected them with the virus, a development that could have major implications in criminal proceedings. "If you're familiar with Darwin's finches, you have a population of birds on one island and they keep moving and evolving as they spread to other islands so that each population is a little different," Leitner said. "With HIV, it's the same. Every person infected with HIV has a slightly different form of the virus. It's the ultimate chameleon because it evolves this way.""


Our range of PCYC programs aim to give young people practical, real life skills that they can apply to work, family and their community.
Our sports and youth programs aim to build on young people skills and character through training and mentoring, creating young leaders of the future.
Driving education programs promote safer driving, and OOSH supports families, parents and communities by providing affordable after school care.
PCYC is unique among youth organisations because it is the only one which is a partnership between the community and the NSW Police Force.
We work with the NSW Police Force youth command work to counter the impact of juvenile offending.
Our Police youth case managers' approach has proven results and contributes towards reducing reoffending rates by 60 to 70 per cent.
Programs have to incorporate education relevant to the crime category on which the officers are focusing. An example of that would be a break and enter program: the education component could include a presentation from insurance companies on the impact of break and enters, a presentation from a victim, and discussion on crime statistics and dealing with the volume of what's occurring in that area to help educate young people on the impact of their actions.
Fit for Work
Fit For Work is a program designed to holistically address a young person's disengagement from their family, education and employment opportunities, to help reduce and prevent their involvement in anti-social behaviour and/or crime. This will ultimately lead to increased employment opportunities for a cohort that traditionally is reflected in high unemployment statistics. Aimed at youth aged 15-17 years.
Fit for Work
Fit for Change
Fit For Change is a program tailored to address the core principals of risk, need and responsivity. This intervention program will address the seven major risk/need factors in order to reduce and prevent re-offending. Aimed at youth aged 12-17 years.
Fit for Change


Get PDF The Naked Eye
Free download. Book file PDF easily for everyone and every device. You can download and read online The Naked Eye file PDF Book only if you are registered here. And also you can download or read online all Book PDF file that related with The Naked Eye book. Happy reading The Naked Eye Bookeveryone. Download file Free Book PDF The Naked Eye at Complete PDF Library. This Book have some digital formats such us :paperbook, ebook, kindle, epub, fb2 and another formats. Here is The CompletePDF Book Library. It's free to register here to get Book file PDF The Naked Eye Pocket Guide.
 - The retina.
 - Ecology of Soil Seed Banks?
 - Who Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants Volume 3.
 - Topics for "visible to the naked eye".
 - The Naked Eye (Kendra Michaels, #3) by Iris Johansen!
The cornea is a transparent structure found in the very front of the eye that helps to focus incoming light. Situated behind the pupil is a colorless, transparent structure called the crystalline lens. A clear fluid called the aqueous humor fills the space between the cornea and the iris.
visible to the naked eye synonyms with definition | Macmillan Thesaurus
Behind the cornea is a colored, ring-shaped membrane called the iris. The iris has an adjustable circular opening called the pupil, which can expand or contract to control the amount of light entering the eye, Fromer said.
Promises, Promises - The Very Best Of Naked Eyes [Full Album]
Ciliary muscles surround the lens. The muscles hold the lens in place but they also play an important role in vision. When the muscles relax, they pull on and flatten the lens, allowing the eye to see objects that are far away.
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To see closer objects clearly, the ciliary muscle must contract in order to thicken the lens. The interior chamber of the eyeball is filled with a jelly-like tissue called the vitreous humor. After passing through the lens, light must travel through this humor before striking the sensitive layer of cells called the retina.
 - The Regulatory Genome: Gene Regulatory Networks In Development And Evolution?
 - Experimental Pattern Sourcebook: 300 Inspired Designs from Around the World.
 - Introduction to semi-supervised learning;
 - Jupiter Visible to the Naked Eye. Here's How to See It | Time.
 - Projects with Young Learners (Resource Books for Teachers);
 - Basic laws of electromagnetism!
Fromer explained that the retina is the innermost of three tissue layers that make up the eye. The outermost layer, called the sclera, is what gives most of the eyeball its white color.
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text:
Diffusion experiments have been conducted using the Ni3Al/NiAl couples at annealing temperatures of 873 and 923 K. It is shown that the Ni5Al3 phase forms between the Ni3Al and NiAl phases during the diffusion annealing. Optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) are employed for the identification of the Ni5Al3 phase. Concentration profiles of Al across the diffusion-couple interfaces are measured using EPMA to determine the region of the Ni5Al3 single-phase in the Ni-Al binary phase diagram. Interdiffusion coefficients in the Ni5Al3 phase are also determined from the concentration profiles.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- General Engineering


text:
Natural ventilation strategies for indoor thermal comfort in Mediterranean apartments
ventilation, thermal comfort, wind-catcher, dynamic façade, dynamic modeling
Natural ventilation strategies as effective low energy refurbishment solutions are identified within this research study, for an existing urban multi-storey apartment building in Athens, representative of over four-million Greek urban residential buildings. Retrofit strategies were evaluated using occupant comfort criteria and the existing ventilation strategy, for a single apartment using dynamic thermal simulations. These strategies included individual day and night ventilation, a wind-catcher and a dynamic façade. Suitable openings operation in response to environmental parameters provided sufficient day and night ventilation and occupant comfort. The inclusion of a wind-catcher yielded very little improvement to the ventilation performance. However, the combined operation of the wind-catcher and the dynamic façade delivered operative temperature reductions of up to 7 °C below the base-case strategy, and acceptable ventilation rates for up to 65% of the cooling period. The successful performance of the proposed strategies highlights their potential for reducing energy consumption and improving thermal comfort in a large number of buildings in hot climates.
Tsinghua University Press
Eftychia Spentzou, Malcolm J. Cook, Stephen Emmitt. Natural ventilation strategies for indoor thermal comfort in Mediterranean apartments. Build Simul, 2018, 11(1): 175–191.


per shard or five read transactions per second. All applications reading from the stream share the read capacity. You can use the enhanced fan-out feature to scale the number of consuming applications and make sure that each has a dedicated 2 MB per second connection.
This post uses the preceding application as an example. It's estimated that producers create data records at a rate of 20,000 KB per second, and your consumer nodes need to process this same amount of data at the other end of the stream. In addition to handling these rates, it is a good idea to add extra capacity to give the stream headroom for growth.
This headroom also helps your application recover faster in scenarios that could cause a delay or a pause in ingesting or processing data. These scenarios may include:
 - Deploying a new version of a consumer application
 - Transient network issues
As these nodes work to catch up after recovery, they produce or consume records at a higher than standard rate, requiring higher capacity. For this example, you can add 25% percent, or five shards, for headroom. Shards are cost-efficient, but it is up to you how many you want to add.
Scaling scenario
At the time of the game's release, this capacity is deemed sufficient for the application. Ingestion and processing of the data are both running smoothly, and the game's leaderboards are populated with current data. It's now a few weeks after release; the game is steadily gaining popularity and concurrent player numbers are increasing. In a scenario such as this, it's important to have sufficient monitoring to detect the increased load so you can increase throughput by scaling the stream.
The following diagram provides a simplified view of using CloudWatch metrics to monitor your data streams and triggering scaling operations
In this example, these scaling issues could manifest in delayed leaderboard update reports. Because shards are the capacity units in a data stream, each shard's capacity is independent of other shards. If the producers write to a single shard at a rate higher than 1 MB per second or 1,000 records per second, that shard becomes a hot shard and requests exceeding that capacity get throttled, leading to a delay in leaderboard updates. This condition can happen while other shards in the stream are underutilized, so if you are monitoring metrics at the stream level, you may not see any cause for concern, because the stream overall is ingesting data at a rate below its total capacity of 25 MB per second. Amazon Kinesis enables you to seamlessly scale your stream without interrupting your streaming pipeline.
Core concepts that enable scaling
You can write records to a data stream using Put APIs. To write a single record, use PutRecord; to write multiple records, use PutRecords. When executing either one, the request to the Kinesis API has to include the following three components:
 - The stream name.
 - The data record to write to the stream. For this post, this is the scoring result of a particular round in the game.
 - A partition key (for example, the fame session).
The following diagram shows multiple producers writing to a Kinesis data stream. The partition key value is used in combination with a hash function to determine the shard a given record will be written to.
The partition key determines to which shard the record is written. The partition key is a Unicode string with a maximum length of 256 bytes. Kinesis runs the partition key value that you provide in the request through an MD5 hash function. The resulting value maps your record to a specific shard within the stream, and Kinesis writes the record to that shard. Partition keys dictate how to distribute data across the stream and use shards.
Certain use cases require you to partition data based on specific criteria for efficient processing by the consuming applications. As an example, if you use player ID pk1234 as the hash key, all scores related to that player route to shard1. The consuming application can use the fact that data stored in shard1 has an affinity with the player ID and can efficiently calculate the leaderboard. An increase in traffic related to players mapped to shard1 can lead to a hot shard. Kinesis Data Streams allows you to handle such scenarios by splitting or merging shards without disrupting your streaming pipeline.
If your use cases do not require data stored in a shard to have high affinity, you can achieve high overall throughput by using a random partition key to distribute data. Random partition keys help distribute the incoming data records evenly across all the shards in the stream and reduce the likelihood of one or more shards getting hit with a disproportionate number of records. You can use a universally unique identifier (UUID) as a partition key to achieve this uniform distribution of records across shards. This strategy can increase the latency of record processing if the consumer application has to aggregate data from multiple shards.
Kinesis Data Streams scaling mechanisms
The stream remains fully functional during these actions. Producers and consumers can continue to read and write to the stream during the scaling process.
Upon receiving the scaling request, Kinesis sets the stream status to Updating. You can use the DescribeStreams API to check the stream status. When the operation is complete, the stream status shows as Active.
The SplitShard action splits one active shard into two shards, increasing the read and write capacity of the stream. This can be helpful if there is an expected increase in the number of records ingested into the stream or so more Kinesis Data Streams applications can simultaneously read data from the stream for real-time processing.
SplitShard facilitates that process. The hash key space of the parent shard also splits. The two new shards accept new data records and the parent shard stops accepting new records. Existing records in the parent shard are retained for the duration of the stream retention period (the default is 24 hours, configurable up to 7 days). You must specify the new-starting-hash-key value when issuing this command. This value determines the point of the split within the parent shard's hash key space. In most cases, you want to do an even split. However, you might need to do an uneven split if you have unbalanced shards that you want to rebalance, for example. The following diagram shows the SplitShard process in action.
Many streaming workloads have variable data flow rates that fluctuate over time, sometimes following daily, weekly, or seasonal patterns. As you monitor your data flow rates, you may see underutilized shards that, if merged, still have a data flow rate below the shard limits, yet reduce the cost of the stream.
The MergeShards action merges two adjacent shards, producing one shard. Two shards are considered adjacent if the hash key spaces for the two form a contiguous set with no gaps. When the two shards merge, their hash key spaces also merge. The new shard starts accepting new data records. The two parent shards stop accepting new records and retain existing records up to the stream's configured retention period. The following diagram shows the MergeShards process in action.
The UpdateShardCount action is useful when you need to scale your stream, up or down, to a specific number of shards, and you provide that number as a parameter in the API call. Scaling in increments of 25% of the current capacity (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) helps the operation complete faster, but is not required. The command executes a series of SplitShard and MergeShards actions as needed to reach the explicit number of shards you specified. This command splits shard hash key space evenly, creating shards of equal size. There is no option to choose a different value.
Additionally, the Kinesis Scaling Utility available on GitHub provides autoscaling for Kinesis Data Streams by monitoring a stream's Amazon CloudWatch metrics and scaling it up or down accordingly. It can scale a stream by an explicit shard count or as a percentage of the total fleet. There is no requirement for you to manage the allocation of the key space to shards when using this API; it happens automatically.
Balancing shards
After completing a scaling operation, check the distribution of the hash key space in your stream. In most use cases, the hash key space should be evenly distributed across the shards in the stream. Errors in calculating or inputting a shard's hash key space starting value can lead to creating new shards with an unusually large or small hash key space. Unusually large shards receive a high number of read and write requests, leading to throttling and underutilizing the unusually small shards.
The output of the ListShards API lists the starting and ending hash key value for each shard in the stream. You can use these values to identify unbalanced shards, and perform the necessary splits or merges to balance them. The Kinesis Scaling Utility can also generate a report of shard key space sizes that can help you achieve the same result. See the following code:
{
 "Shards": [
 {
 "ShardId": "shardId-000000000000",
 "HashKeyRange": {
 "EndingHashKey": "170141183460469231731687303715884105727",
 "StartingHashKey": "0"
 },
 "SequenceNumberRange": {
 "StartingSequenceNumber": "49600965817078608863948980125442188478720910276534730754"
 }
 },
 {
 "ShardId": "shardId-


text:
Gene manipulation that created sleek and trim roundworms may ultimately help scientists develop new obesity treatments.
A Harvard biologist identified about 400 roundworm genes related to fat production and storage. His team then turned off about 300. He says the experiments left the worms "thin and happy." When the researchers turned off the over 100 genes, the worms gained weight.
The researcher says people and roundworms share about 200 fat storage genes. He says he can't tell if the fat-gene knockout technique would work in people. But he says his genetics research might lead to new obesity drugs.
The study is in the journal Nature.


text:
College of Science News
PASSY STUDYING THE CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES OF RARITY IN FRESHWATER SPECIES
A biologist from The University of Texas at Arlington is studying why the populations of some species are more adversely affected than others by various harmful factors in freshwater environments.
Sophia Passy, associate professor of biology, received a two-year, $199,997 grant from the National Science Foundation's Division of Environmental Biology for her project, titled "EAGER: Global assessment of the causes and consequences of commonness and rarity in freshwaters".
Human activity has caused a decline in global biodiversity through resource overexploitation, habitat modification, and introduction of non-native species. When rare species are lost, communities exhibit decreased functionality and provide devalued services to humans, which is an environmental and a socioeconomic problem.
"Although biodiversity loss is global and affects all ecosystems, biodiversity in freshwaters is threatened by much higher extinction rates compared to terrestrial habitats," Passy said. "Therefore, a better understanding of the causes and extent of rarity in freshwaters is urgently needed."
Passy and students in her laboratory are using the species abundance distribution (SAD) – a measure of the relative abundances of common and rare species within a sample or ecological community – to assess species rarity.
"Although the SAD has been investigated for more than 70 years, little is known about the underlying mechanisms that determine the patterns of abundance inequality," Passy said.
In order to address this knowledge gap, Passy and her students are developing a novel framework which predicts the response of the SAD in freshwater habitats along environmental and spatial gradients. They are also investigating how the SAD affects regional biodiversity. The study also will inform decisions for watershed management and biodiversity preservation by explaining the causes of rarity in species targeted for conservation.
First results from this research reveal that in the United States, biodiversity and the SAD of diatom communities — unicellular algae and some of the most important producers in stream ecosystems — are strongly affected by temperature seasonality, with higher seasonality (a higher temperature difference between warm and cold months) contributing to more diverse communities with a more balanced distribution of common and rare species. As temperature seasonality is expected to decrease with global warming due to warming of the cold months, diatom biodiversity is likely to decline and species rarity to increase with potential negative consequences for primary production and maintenance of higher trophic levels.
The project is providing research training for one postdoctoral associate and two graduate students. Katrina Pound, a postdoctoral associate in Passy's lab, is examining what environmental factors constrain the distribution of freshwater species across the contiguous United States. Her research suggests that climate exerts the strongest influence on the distributions of multiple freshwater organismal groups, including diatoms, insects, and fish, surpassing the effects of water chemistry and watershed characteristics. These results indicate that climate change may alter species ranges and biodiversity of freshwater ecosystems to a greater extent than other serious anthropogenic impacts, such as water fertilization and pollution.
In collaboration with a team of international researchers, William Budnick, a Ph.D. student in Passy's lab, is investigating how regional biodiversity of diatoms, macroinvertebrates, and fish, collected from streams in the United States, Canada, and France, is affected by land use. His findings indicate that agricultural land use leads to loss of regional biodiversity across all studied groups of organisms, but the mechanisms driving this process are groupand region-specific, emphasizing the need for targeted conservation efforts.
NSF's EAGER (Early-concept Grants for Exploratory Research) program was designed specifically for innovative research – potentially transformative or exploratory projects that examine new subjects, different methods, or interdisciplinary approaches.
Clay Clark, professor and chair of the UTA Department of Biology, said that Passy's research has the potential to provide scientists with knowledge about why species are abundant in some environments but scarce or nonexistent in others. The project also advances research in global environmental impact, one of the main themes of UTA's Strategic Plan 2020: Bold Solutions | Global Impact.
"Dr. Passy's work could help ecologists learn a great deal about the underlying causes of the distribution of freshwater species abundance and thus allow for more effective methods to protect the biodiversity found in these environments," Clark said.
Passy received an M.S. in Biology (1986) from Sofia University in Bulgaria. She earned a Ph.D. in Ecology from Bowling Green State University in Ohio in 1997 and held postdoctoral positions at the University of Minnesota Medical School and the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in New York before coming to UTA in 2001.


text:
PNAS doi: 10.1073/pnas._PHONE_
Thirty thousand-year-old evidence of plant food processing
Anna Revedin et al.
European Paleolithic subsistence is assumed to have been largely based on animal protein and fat, whereas evidence for plant consumption is rare. We present evidence of starch grains from various wild plants on the surfaces of grinding tools at the sites of Bilancino II (Italy), Kostenki 16–Uglyanka (Russia), and Pavlov VI (Czech Republic). The samples originate from a variety of geographical and environmental contexts, ranging from northeastern Europe to the central Mediterranean, and dated to the Mid-Upper Paleolithic (Gravettian and Gorodtsovian). The three sites suggest that vegetal food processing, and possibly the production of flour, was a common practice, widespread across Europe from at least ~30,000 y ago. It is likely that high energy content plant foods were available and were used as components of the food economy of these mobile hunter–gatherers.


Mammillaria dioica, also called the strawberry cactus, California fishhook cactus, strawberry pincushion, or fishhook cactus, is a cactus species of the genus Mammillaria. Its common name in Spanish is biznaga llavina.
The cactus is found in the western Colorado Desert scrub including in Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, and in Coastal sage scrub habitats of Southern California, and in coastal chaparral and Sonoran Desert habitats of Baja California and Baja California Sur states on the Baja California Peninsula of México. It grows from 10–1,500 feet (3.0–457.2 m) in elevation.
Polyploid wild plants of this species have been found in Mexico. Both tetraploid and hexaploid varieties have been recorded.
Mammillaria dioica possesses short, firm tubercles ending in the spines. Most of these spines are whitish and straight, but each tubercle has a longer central spine which is slightly curved and dark.
A single plant can bear both male and female flowers, from mid-spring to mid-summer. Some plants may produce bisexual flowers as well, thus totaling three types of flower on a single plant. The flowers are white to cream in color and range from 10 millimeters (0.4 inch) to 30 millimeters (1.2 inches) in length.
The fruits produced are bright red and ovoid, often with one end thicker than the other and are edible and tastes like a cross between a strawberry and a kiwi. The seeds are small (0.6 to 0.8 millimeters), black, and pitted.
The Kumeyaay people (Diegueño), of Baja California and Southern California, ate the raw fruits as a food source.
Recognized subspecies include:
 Mammillaria dioica subsp dioica
 Mammillaria dioica subsp angelensis
 Mammillaria dioica subsp estebanensis
Observations Map
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Sun Java System Directory Server Enterprise Edition 6.1 Reference
Small, Medium, and Large Data Sets
A working set refers to the data actually pulled into memory so the server can respond to client applications. The data set here is then the entries in the directory that you see are in fact getting used due to client traffic. The data set may include every entry in the directory, or may be composed most of the time of the some smaller number of entries, such as entries corresponding to people in a time zone where users are active.
We define three data set sizes, based on how much of the directory data set fits into available physical memory:
The data set fits entirely into physical memory with fully-loaded database and entry caches.
The data set fits in physical memory, and extra physical memory can be dedicated to entry cache.
The data set is too small to fit completely in available physical memory.
The ideal case is of course the small data set. If your data set is small, set database cache size and entry cache size such that all entries fit in both the database cache and the entry cache.
The following sections provide recommendations for medium and large data sets where the server performs either all searches or all modify operations.


Exploiting the Overlapping of Higher Order: Entities within Multi-Agent Systems
Exploiting the Overlapping of Higher Order: Entities within Multi-Agent Systems
Hosny A. Abbas (Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt)
Copyright: © 2014 |Pages: 26
DOI: 10.4018/ijats._PHONE_
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Abstract
Currently multi-agent systems (MAS, sometimes MASs) are receiving great attention as a promising approach for modeling, designing, and developing complex, decentralized and large-scale software systems. The captivating characteristics they provide such as decentralization, dynamic reorganization, self-organization, emergence, autonomy, etc., make them a perfect solution for handling current software systems challenges specially their unpredictable and highly changing working environments. Organization-centered MAS (OCMAS) are concerned with the modeling of MAS using higher order abstraction entities than individual agents. Organizational models are the key tool to develop OCMAS; they are currently an important part of most agent-oriented software engineering (AOSE) methodologies. This paper proposes a novel organizational model called NOSHAPE. It exploits the overlapping relationships among higher order abstraction entities such as organizations of agents, worlds of organizations, and even universes of worlds within MAS to realize and utilize their captivating characteristics. The NOSHAPE model is informally and semi-formally described and its applicability is demonstrated with a case study.
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1. Introduction
A MAS is formed by the collection of autonomous agents situated in a certain environment, respond to their environment dynamic changes, interact with other agents, and persist to achieve their own goals or the global system goals. Jennings and Wooldridge (2000) pointed out that considering MAS with no real structure is not suitable for handling current software systems complexity, and higher order abstractions should be used. The same meaning stated by Odell et. al (2003) that the current practice of MAS design tends to be limited to individual agents and small face-to-face groups of agents that operate as closed systems. Our real world getting more complex and highly distributed and that should be reflected in new software engineering paradigms such as MASs. So, the adoption of higher order abstract concepts like organizations, societies, communities, and groups of agents can reduce systems complexity, increase its efficiency, and improve system scalability.
Organizations can be used to limit the scope of interactions, provide strength in numbers, reduce or manage uncertainty, reduce or explicitly increase redundancy or formalize high-level goals which no single agent may be aware of (Horling and Lesser, 2004). Shehory (1998) defined Multi-agent organization as the way in which multiple agents are organized to form a MAS, and he stated that relationships and interactions among the agents and specific roles of agents within the organization are the focus of multi-agent organization. The use of organizations provides a new way for describing the structures and the interactions that take place in MAS. Organizations provide a framework for structuring and managing agents' interactions and serve as a kind of 'tuning' of the agents autonomy level (Hübner, 2009). Representing a MAS as an organization consists of roles which enacted by agents which arranged (statically or dynamically) to form groups of agents, can handle many drawbacks such as system complexity, uncertainty, and system dynamism (Ferber, 2004). The main concern of organizational models is to describe the structural and dynamical aspects of organizations (Ferber, 2005). They have proven to be a useful tool for the analysis and design of multi-agent systems. Furthermore, they provide a framework to manage and engineer organizations, dynamic reorganization, self-organization, emergence, and autonomy within multi-agent systems. Moreover, the underlying organizational model is responsible of how efficiently and effectively organizations carry out their tasks, they have been recently used in agent theory for modeling coordination in open systems and to ensure social order in multi-agent system applications (Van Den Broek, 2006). The adoption of organizational models is now a main concern of most agent-oriented software engineering methodologies. The motivation to this direction is that in open environments, agents must be able to adapt towards the most appropriate organizations according to the environment conditions and their unpredictable changes. As a result, the organizational models should guarantee the ability of organizations to dynamically reorganize as a response to dynamic environment changes.
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This Christmas Carol is sung in the language of the Troubadours.
La cambo me fai mau - Occitan Children's Songs - Occitania - Mama Lisa's World: Children's Songs and Rhymes from Around the World - Intro Image
*A quartan fever is a fever that occurs every 4 days (a malarial fever is like this).
**The actual currency mentioned in the song is "Patac" which is an ancient copper Provençal currency.
This carol is written with the traditional Provençal spelling.
This carol was written by Micolau Sabòli (1614 - 1675).
Sheet Music
Sheet Music - La cambo me fai mau
Thanks and Acknowledgements
Many thanks to Monique Palomares for contributing and translating this song, for the score, the midi and the mp3 music. 2nd translator: Lisa Yannucci.
Image: Early Morning by Lake Urumiyah, Edwin Lord Weeks, USA, 1892.
Mercé plan!


URL case sensitivity
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 - Answered
Why are URL's case sensitive? Ie., entering _URL_ vs. _URL_
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johnpaulb-imhs1
Hello chuckbower, Thank you for your question. On most servers (except some windows servers), all URL's are case-sensitive, the domain name section however is not, for example these will both work: _URL_ & _URL_ Everything following that is specifying a specific file or folder for example: Services.html I recommend using all lowercase in website file names, to make it more consistent. If you have any further questions, feel free to post them below. Thank you, -John-Paul


text:
Contractor vs employee: pros and cons
If your business is growing and you feel it's time to add extra staff, how do you choose between hiring new employees and using temporary contractors? There are pros and cons to both options and businesses should choose the best option to suit their unique circumstances.
Most often hired for project work through a reputable recruitment agency, skilled contractors are ready to hit the ground running, can help up-skill your existing staff and may provide an insight into other industry projects and contacts. Whilst a temporary professional contractor will usually cost more on a per hour basis than an employee, there are many benefits that contractors can provide to businesses that are often overlooked.
Contractors provide employers with the flexibility to easily increase their workforce during busy periods and decrease during quieter times, without the stress of having to lay off staff.
- Reduced HR costs
The more employees a business has, the more resources are required to manage HR tasks such as payroll, superannuation and leave management etc. That's why contractors prove especially beneficial to small businesses with minimal HR resources, as these employee benefits are managed by the recruitment agency.
- Minimal training
Contractors generally only require minimal training and are ready to hit the ground running, saving businesses time and money.
- Temp to perm
Occasionally an employer finds a temporary contractor so beneficial for their business, that they make an offer of permanent employment. The beauty of a temporary contractor is that their placement effectively acts as a trial period, allowing employers to review their potential, free of obligation.
Job security, long-term prospects and the opportunity to build solid relationships with other staff members help employees to do their job more effectively. Whilst contractors may provide employers with flexibility during times of economic cautiousness, employees often possess a greater sense of commitment and loyalty to their employer.
- Professional development
Employers are more likely to invest in the professional development of employees, having the security of a permanent employment arrangement in place. In return, employees value the job security afforded to them and commonly look for opportunities to build on their role and grow in their careers.
- Team building
Contractors don't enjoy the benefits of engaging with their co-workers in the same way that employees do, simply because they are usually hired for shorter, project specific work. Employees provide a more suitable solution for employers who wish to create a culture of commitment, team support and comradery in their workplace.
- Company values
Employees have more time to absorb and subscribe to a business's goals and values, delivering positive messages about the business to their networks and peers.
Employees are able to offer more continuity and momentum of role development.
Whether opting for employees or contractors, employers must select the option that will best fit the requirements of the role, the company culture and the longer term plans of their business.


Cattle Space
Cows take more space than smaller farm animals. You're gonna need a few acres if you want to be able to offer grazing to even a single cow. If you attempt it in smaller spaces, you'll be buying all the feed for the cow, and it won't get the same nutritional benefits it would on pasture, and you'll pay triple for every gallon of milk or pound of beef.
Recommended pasture is anywhere between 2 and 30 acres per cow, depending on the quality of pasture. In wet areas with fast growing grass and weeds, the needed acreage is 2-5 acres per cow. In arid regions or those with poor pasture, 10 to 30 acres are needed. We live in an area where the traditional load was 20 acres per cow, but after many years of drought, it is now 30.
There are now a few miniature cattle breeds that require less space, but it rarely drops below half for the very smallest.
There is some flexibility in the space needed. But the less pasture you have, the more feed you have to carry in. Hay is not as nutritious as fresh forage, so your cattle will lose some if they are on less than adequate pasturage.
The ideal is to have more than one pasture, where you can rotate the cattle around, giving the fields time to regenerate. You can often get a few mowings out of the fields if you do this.
If you don't have the space for cattle, goats are recommended. You can fit 6-8 goats in the same space that one cow fills, and the milk production of the goats is higher than from a single cow also.
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Tree-Like Distance Colouring for Planar Graphs of Sufficient Girth
 - Ross J. Kang
 - Willem van Loon
Abstract
Given a multigraph $G$ and a positive integer $t$, the distance-$t$ chromatic index of $G$ is the least number of colours needed for a colouring of the edges so that every pair of distinct edges connected by a path of fewer than $t$ edges must receive different colours. Let $\pi'_t(d)$ and $\tau'_t(d)$ be the largest values of this parameter over the class of planar multigraphs and of (simple) trees, respectively, of maximum degree $d$. We have that $\pi'_t(d)$ is at most and at least a non-trivial constant multiple larger than $\tau'_t(d)$. (We conjecture $\limsup_{d\to\infty}\pi'_2(d)/\tau'_2(d) =9/4$ in particular.) We prove for odd $t$ the existence of a quantity $g$ depending only on $t$ such that the distance-$t$ chromatic index of any planar multigraph of maximum degree $d$ and girth at least $g$ is at most $\tau'_t(d)$ if $d$ is sufficiently large. Such a quantity does not exist for even $t$. We also show a related, similar phenomenon for distance vertex-colouring.
Published
2019-02-22
Article Number
P1.23


text:
Aircraft maintenance is key for safe and efficient aircraft operations. While most studies propose cost-efficient maintenance strategies, the safety and efficiency of these strategies need to be quantified. This paper proposes a formal framework to assess the safety and efficiency of maintenance strategies by means of agent-based modelling, stochastically and dynamically coloured Petri nets, and Monte Carlo simulation. We model an end-to-end aircraft maintenance process, considering several maintenance stakeholders. We apply our framework for aircraft landing gear brakes, and use a Gamma process to model the degradation trends of the brakes. The numerical results show that applying data-driven strategies reduces the number of inspections by 36%, while maintaining the same level of safety as in the case of traditional time-based maintenance strategies. Furthermore, in order to discuss the possibility to substitute all inspections by sensor monitoring, an advanced data-driven strategy using prognostics is considered. Overall, our proposed framework is generic and can readily be applied to assess the safety and efficiency of the maintenance of other aircraft components and maintenance strategies.
- Aircraft maintenance
- Gamma process
- Landing gear brake
- Stochastically and dynamically coloured Petri nets


Monolithic Diodes
Monolithic Diodes:
Monolithic Diodes – The fabrication of diode is very straight forward. Generally any two terminals of the transistor are connected together to form one of the electrodes while the remaining terminal can be considered as remainining electrode of a diode.
The different connections in transistor to utilize it as a diode are as shown in Fig. 1.20.
Monolithic Diodes


text:
Orange County, California, renowned for its stunning coastal landscapes and vibrant culture, is also home to a thriving architectural scene. This dynamic region is not only a hub for innovation and creativity but also a place where architectural firms are making significant contributions to the built environment. In this article, we will delve into the world of Orange County architecture firms, highlighting their diverse projects, innovative approaches, and the impact they have on shaping the architectural landscape in Southern California.
- A Rich Architectural Heritage:
- Explore the historical roots of architecture in Orange County.
- Notable architectural landmarks that have stood the test of time.
- How the county's history influences contemporary architectural design.
- Leading Architecture Firms in Orange County:
- Introduce readers to some of the top architectural firms in the region.
- Highlight their unique design philosophies and areas of expertise.
- Discuss their contributions to local and global architectural discourse.
- Sustainability and Environmental Consciousness:
- How Orange County architecture firms are integrating sustainable practices.
- LEED-certified projects and energy-efficient designs.
- The role of sustainable architecture in combating climate change.
- Innovation in Design:
- Discuss cutting-edge design concepts and architectural innovations.
- The use of technology such as 3D printing and virtual reality in design processes.
- Projects that push the boundaries of conventional design.
- Iconic Projects in Orange County:
- Highlight some of the most iconic architectural projects in the region.
- Include residential, commercial, and public spaces.
- The impact of these projects on the local community and architectural identity.
- Embracing Diversity in Architecture:
- Explore the role of diversity and inclusion in Orange County architecture firms.
- How firms are promoting diversity in their workforce and design teams.
- Projects that celebrate cultural diversity and inclusivity.
- The Intersection of Art and Architecture:
- Discuss the integration of art into architectural design.
- Public art installations and collaborations between artists and architects.
- How art enhances the aesthetic and cultural value of architectural projects.
- Community Engagement and Social Responsibility:
- The involvement of Orange County architectural firms in community projects.
- Affordable housing initiatives and pro bono work.
- Architects' role in addressing social and urban challenges.
- Challenges and Future Prospects:
- The unique challenges faced by architectural firms in Orange County.
- Trends and opportunities in the evolving architectural landscape.
- The future role of architects in shaping sustainable and resilient communities.
- Inspiring the Next Generation:
– Architectural education and programs in Orange County.
– Mentoring and initiatives to encourage young architects.
– The potential for the next generation to redefine architectural practice.
Orange County architecture firms are not just creating buildings; they are crafting experiences and shaping the future of the region. With a commitment to sustainability, innovation, and community engagement, these firms are leaving an indelible mark on Southern California's architectural legacy. As Orange County continues to evolve, its architecture remains a reflection of its identity, aspirations, and a testament to the enduring power of design to transform spaces and lives.
Your Gateway to High Domain Authority Guest Posting
In the vast digital landscape, where information reigns supreme, the need for a platform that empowers individuals and businesses to share their stories is crucial. Submitnews.in emerges as a beacon in this realm, offering a free guest posting service with a remarkable Domain Authority (DA) of 50. In this article, we will delve into the significance of Submitnews.in, exploring its features, benefits, and the opportunities it presents for content creators and marketers.
I. Understanding Submitnews.in:
Submitnews.in is a user-friendly platform that caters to the growing demand for high-quality guest posting. Its impressive Domain Authority of 50 signifies its credibility and influence in the online space. DA is a metric developed by Moz that predicts how well a website will rank on search engine result pages (SERPs). A higher DA indicates a stronger online presence, making Submitnews.in an attractive platform for those seeking visibility.
II. Features of Submitnews.in:
Free Guest Posting: One of the most appealing aspects of Submitnews.in is its commitment to providing a free guest posting service. This democratizes the content creation process, allowing individuals and businesses of all sizes to share their perspectives without any financial barriers.
High Domain Authority (DA 50): The DA of 50 places Submitnews.in among the top-tier websites in terms of authority. This not only enhances the visibility of the content posted on the platform but also contributes to better search engine rankings. For content creators and marketers, this is a golden opportunity to tap into a platform that has already established its credibility.
User-Friendly Interface: Submitnews.in boasts a user-friendly interface that simplifies the submission process. Whether you are a seasoned content creator or a novice, the platform ensures a smooth and hassle-free experience, allowing you to focus on crafting compelling content.
Diverse Content Categories: To cater to a wide range of interests and industries, Submitnews.in offers diverse content categories. Whether your expertise lies in technology, business, health, or lifestyle, there's a suitable category for your content. This diversity not only broadens the audience but also creates a dynamic ecosystem for knowledge exchange.
SEO Benefits: Leveraging the high Domain Authority of Submitnews.in can significantly impact your website's SEO. Backlinks from authoritative sites play a crucial role in search engine algorithms, and by contributing content to Submitnews.in, you have the opportunity to acquire valuable backlinks that can enhance your website's visibility.
III. The Benefits of Guest Posting on Submitnews.in:
Enhanced Visibility: Submitting content to a platform with a DA of 50 opens the door to a broader audience. Your content is more likely to be discovered by users actively seeking information in your niche, contributing to increased visibility for your brand or personal brand.
Credibility and Authority: Associating your content with a platform like Submitnews.in adds a layer of credibility to your work. It signals to your audience and search engines that your content is deemed valuable by a reputable site, establishing you as an authority in your field.
Networking Opportunities: Guest posting is not just about publishing content; it's also an opportunity to connect with other content creators, businesses, and thought leaders in your industry. Submitnews.in provides a platform for networking, potentially leading to collaborations, partnerships, and increased exposure.
SEO Boost: Backlinks from high-authority sites are a powerful SEO tool. By contributing to Submitnews.in, you can improve your website's SEO performance, leading to better rankings on search engines and increased organic traffic.
IV. How to Get Started with Submitnews.in:
Create an Account: To begin your guest posting journey on Submitnews.in, create an account on the platform. This will give you access to the submission process and other features offered by the site.
Choose a Relevant Category: Select the category that aligns with the content you want to share. This ensures that your content reaches the right audience and fits seamlessly into the platform's diverse ecosystem.
Craft Compelling Content: The success of your guest post depends on the quality of your content. Craft a well-researched, engaging, and informative piece that adds value to the readers and reflects positively on your expertise.
Follow Submission Guidelines: Each platform has its own set of guidelines for guest submissions. Pay close attention to Submitnews.in's guidelines to ensure that your content meets the platform's standards. This includes formatting, word count, and any specific requirements outlined by the site.
Utilize the Author Bio Section: Don't overlook the author bio section when submitting your content. This is an opportunity to introduce yourself to the audience and include relevant links to your website or social media profiles, further enhancing your online presence.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):
Q1: Is guest posting on Submitnews.in completely free?
Yes, Submitnews.in offers a free guest posting service, eliminating any financial barriers for individuals and businesses looking to share their content.
Q2: How can I benefit from the high Domain Authority of Submitnews.in?
The high Domain Authority of Submitnews.in contributes to better search engine rankings and increased visibility. By contributing quality content, you can leverage this authority to enhance your own website's SEO performance.
Q3: Are there specific guidelines for guest submissions on Submitnews.in?
Yes, Submitnews.in has specific guidelines for guest submissions. It is essential to carefully review and adhere to these guidelines, ensuring your content meets the platform's standards.
Q4: Can I include links to my website or social media profiles in the guest post?
Yes, the author bio section in your guest post submission is an opportunity to include relevant links to your website or social media profiles, enhancing your online presence.
Q5: How can I connect with other content creators on Submitnews.in?
Guest posting on Submitnews.in not only allows you to share your content but also provides a platform for networking. Engage with other contributors, businesses, and thought leaders to explore collaboration opportunities and increase your exposure.