Monday, 24 August 2009
Theoretical framework
This research is of clients' relationships with consultants in public sector information technology (IT) projects. It will seek to identify and explain how the client engages with consultants and other suppliers in order to add value to a project.
The research question is:
How do public sector organisations engage with consultants in order to contribute to an effective IT project?
Sub questions include:
 1. How does engagement contribute to an effective project?
 2. How does engagement influence relationships?
 3. How does the quality of relationships contribute to an effective project?
 4. How does engagement vary over the life cycle of a project?
 5. How does engagement help in adding value to a project?
Empirical answers to these questions could fill the gap on understanding engagement between clients and consultants. Insights could also contribute to public sector practical management of external consultants to reap value from their contribution to a project.
A review of the literature on consultancy has shown that client entities and relationships are complex. This and the literature on project management show that clients must engage with consultants for good project outcomes. A review of the literature on engagement focused on conceptualisations of engagement but also explored its various articulations. However, the literature has little to say on what client-consultant engagement might be. It is not clear how engagement manifests itself, what its factors might be or what sort of engagement leads to effective consultancy projects.
The literature on social capital allows a conceptualisation of the issue of engagement between consultants and clients on IT projects. The following sections will explain how social capital might be used as a framework for this exploration.
1 What is the problem?
Public sector IT projects often use external consultants, but are also notoriously expensive and often fail. A common cause of project failure is lack of effective engagement with stakeholders (OGC, 2002). In the public sector, engagement is "a critical element of a consulting project" (NAO, 2006a). The National Audit Office (NAO) exhorts clients and consultants to engage to ensure commitment, thus implying that engagement will improve performance and add value to a project. Public servants are advised to engage with consultants and consultants with their clients, but it is not clear how engagement happens or what a good quality of engagement is.
Czerniawska (Czerniawska, 2006) implies two meanings to the term 'engagement': the contractual engagement and the relationship. A contract of engagement may mean only initial seeking and selection but this research concerns the longer term relationship regardless of contractual arrangements. Unfortunately Czerniawska has little to say on the value of engagement as a longer term developed relationship, although she recognises that engagement as a relationship determines the success of consulting projects.
The NAO exhortation for engagement seems to be aiming at continued shared understanding; engagement must be mutual. The NAO considers from the findings of case studies that senior level engagement is crucial for successful delivery of IT enabled change (NAO, 2006c) because such engagement demonstrates senior management is committed to the change. This NAO report(NAO, 2006c) requires demonstration of commitment through engagement whilst the other NAO report (NAO, 2006a) requires ensuring commitment through engagement. There might be some confusion or inconsistency of understanding of what engagement means and does for an organisation.
So confusion and inconsistency suggest that it is a problem to understand engagement. Whether engagement is a knowable phenomenon is a moot point. Definitions of engagement are woolly and soft. Hence engagement is "a paradigm for change" (Axelrod, 2001), "the art of bringing people together" (Block, 2000), "a journey of sensing and learning" (Buckingham, 2005). It is also a two way relationship between employee and employer (Robinson D, 2004), a management philosophy (Smythe, 2007) and "a process of communication" (McMaster, 1996). Mutual engagement is a dimension of a community of practice that involves processes of community building (Wenger, 1998). In summary, engagement is a paradigm, a journey, a relationship, a philosophy, a process, an art and to the NAO "an element of a consulting project". This variety of metaphors suggests engagement is a constructed phenomenon.
Since different constructions seem to conflate engagement with other phenomena like involvement, participation, commitment, collaboration or even motivation, I explored them in the hope of clarifying some concepts of engagement. Previous research on engagement seems to have focused on outcomes and products, being mainly surveys or quasi-experimental (Gable, 1996, Saks, 2006, Schaufeli et al., 2006) but the research question requires looking at the process of engagement and how connecting people builds trust and the commitment that the NAO wants to ensure. That process includes an ongoing negotiation of meaning (Wenger, 1998). Exploration of how meaning is negotiated might be possible using the concept of social capital. Adler and Kwon { 2002 } identify social capital as "as the good will that is engendered by the fabric of social relations and that can be mobilized to facilitate action". It may be possible to relate "the fabric of social relations" to the client-consultant relationship and the "mobilisation of goodwill to engagement". Hence, the concept of social capital could help in exploring client-consultant engagement.
2 Why is this framework feasible?
Social capital theory can provide a way to explore engagement in relationships between clients and consultants. Its literature provides a framework for performing the specific investigation that is being proposed.
Social capital can be conceptualised as a stock of networks, norms and trust. People develop social capital in organisations. Organisations nurture social capital, which supports the development of intellectual capital because it comes though interaction of people sharing knowledge (Nahapiet and Ghoshal, 1998). Sharing knowledge, norms, and establishing social capital through people coming together on a project, provides the organisation with an advantage.
Nahapiet & Ghoshal (1998) suggest three dimensions for creating intellectual capital through social capital:
 - the structural dimension of network ties, configuration and appropriable organisation,
 - the cognitive dimension of shared codes, language and narratives, and
 - the relationship dimension of trust, established norms and obligations of how people behave.
Each dimension contributes in different combinations to create new intellectual capital. Combinations of the dimensions of social capital allow exchange of intellectual capital, and anticipation of value through that exchange. Value anticipated in an IT project may be other than an exchange of intellectual capital. Value may be gained from a project that delivers on time, to budget, and meets all or most of the objectives set for it. These project attributes are valuable to the parties involved. Delivery of such IT projects may be facilitated through a combination of the dimensions of social capital.
The social capital framework guides the interview questions, the three dimensions providing headings for asking questions of interviewees about relationships, concepts used and understanding.
The interview schedule relates the research question and sub questions through the social capital framework.
Questions are based round four headings:
 1. background (of project and participant),
 2. relationships,
 3. knowledge (or learning), and
 4. value.
Background is important because it provides the context. The questions may elicit structural dimensions of social capital.
Relationships matter. How do the relationships create value? The interview questions here concern social capital in the relationship and structural dimensions. Questions are to identify networks of relationships and the strength of ties between people. One question asks for a specific anecdote or story in an attempt to get more precise descriptions rather than general opinion. See {Kvale, 1996 }. These questions also aim to elicit lack of engagement in relationships, in order to reveal if the consultant and client have little in common, or need no more than a passing connection.
Knowledge: rather than directly asking about knowledge the questions are about learning and what people have learned from each other. How do they use that knowledge? This gives some idea of what value has developed from relationships.
Value: Building shared meanings is part of the cognitive dimension of social capital. There may be value gained through learning and sharing meaning. Sharing meaning may provide valuable non-financial, un-measurable qualitative gain.
Some interview questions elicit information in more than one dimension.
In summary, social capital theory offers enough complexity to provide a conceptual framework for the examination of issues of engagement between clients and consultants.
Is that completely clear? Will it be clear to my supervisors?
ADLER, P. S. & KWON, S.-W. (2002) SOCIAL CAPITAL: PROSPECTS FOR A NEW CONCEPT. Academy of Management Review, 27, 17-40.
AXELROD, R. H. (2001) Terms of engagement: changing the way we change organizations, San Francisco, Berrett-Koehler.
BLOCK, P. (2000) Flawless Consulting: a guide to getting your expertise used, Jossey-Bass/Fpeiffer.
BUCKINGHAM, M. (2005) Chapter FOUR: 'Buy-in', not by-pass: the rules of engagement. Leadership for Leaders. Thorogood Publishing Ltd.
CZERNIAWSKA, F. (2006) Ensuring sustainable value from consultants. MCA. Management Consultancy Association.
GABLE, G. G. (1996) A multidimensional model of client success when engaging external consultants. Management Science, 42, _PHONE_.
KVALE, S. (1996) InterViews : an introduction to qualitative research interviewing, Thousand Oaks, CA ; London,


text:
Who we are
King's College Hospital
What we do now and how we got here: a bit of the hospital's history
Our feet have always been firmly planted in the local community. When King's College Hospital first opened its doors in 1840, it was in the disused St Clements Dane workhouse, in Portugal Street close to Lincoln's Inn Fields. The surrounding area was mostly over-crowded slums full of poverty and disease. The need for medical care was so great that within two years of opening our doors, we were treating 1,290 patients with only 120 beds.
In 1877, Joseph Lister performed the first major surgery under strict antiseptic conditions. It's because of him that our hospital came to have a surgical unit comparable with the best in Europe.
In the early 1900s, the number of patients we treated from the centre of London decreased, and there was an increase in patients from Camberwell, Peckham and Brixton. So, following an Act of Parliament in 1904, the foundation stone was laid for our new hospital at Denmark Hill.
It's also a teaching hospital, and in 1993 we formed King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry. We're not only providing you with the highest standard of medical care, but we're also training others to do the same.
Our areas of specialisation include paediatric medicine, diabetes, blood cancers and sickle cell disease. We are also a major centre for heart and brain surgery, as well as foetal medicine. Our neurology department provides specialist care for patients with movement disorders, including Parkinson's, dystonia, and progressive supranuclear palsy. As a Major Trauma Centre and Hyper Acute Stroke Unit for London, we also provide people with life-saving treatment, 24 hours a day, seven days a week. And our liver unit is the best in the world.
When it comes down to it, all of this means you've got the best and brightest doctors and academics working together to offer you the top-notch health services you deserve.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Do you feed corals?
 - I sure that you have to feed them, but is it like with any specific? Like special foods, or ways you add it to the water or give it to them directly?
 Or do they just make due with the lighting in the water and the waste that the fish produce (like how plants work in a freshwater tank)?
 - Best Answer
 It really depends on your lighting and the corals you have. A vast majority do fine without any extra feeding, although some do better when fed if they aren't getting enough nutrients from the light or waste that is being created in your tank. Some even do good as they are normally indirectly fed by fish who swim between them and get trapped.
 As a basic answer, is it required? No - but feeding them CAN provide them with more nutrients which will allow for them to grow and be more vibrant under a light.


text:
Background: We report an invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) with negative (1,3)-β-D-glucan and dynamically elevated white blood cells combined with procalcitonin proven by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) culture.
Methods: Appropriate laboratory tests are carried out. Chest CTs were performed to assess the lungs. The cause of infection was determined using BALF culture.
Results: Serum (1,3)-β-D-glucan was negative, white blood cells and procalcitonin were significantly higher than normal. The bronchoscopy revealed obvious necrotic detritus and pseudo membrane in the trachea, left and right main bronchi, and branches. BALF culture revealed the presence of Aspergillus.
Conclusions: Negative (1,3)-β-D-glucan is not safe to rule out invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. BALF culture is critical for IPA diagnosis.


text:
Clad means to have bonded a metal surface with another metal.(verb)
An example of clad is to bond stainless steel over aluminum to make an attractive cooking pot that evenly conducts the heat.
The definition of clad is dressed or covered in.(adjective)
An example of clad used as an adjective is the phrase pine clad forest.
See clad in Webster's New World College Dictionary
See clad in American Heritage Dictionary 4
transitive verb clad clad, clad·ding, clads
Origin: Back-formation from cladding.
Learn more about clad

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The Leidsepoort is a former city gate in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, located on what today is Leidseplein square.
It was built in 1664 after a design by the city architect Daniël Stalpaert in 1664. It was torn down for traffic purposes in 1862.
This article about a Dutch building or structure is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
52°21′51″N 4°52′59″E / 52.364242°N 4.882978°E / 52.364242; 4.882978


applied, check if your EA App connectivity issue is resolved.
Disabling Windows Firewall
Following these steps will help you disable your Windows Firewall, which can occasionally block applications:
 1. Click 'Start.'
 2. Click 'Control Panel.'
 3. Click 'System and Security.'
 4. Click 'Windows Firewall.'
 5. Select 'Turn Windows Firewall on or off' (you may need to provide the Administrator password at this step).
 6. Under each Network location, select the 'Turn off Windows Firewall' option.
Resetting Network Using Command Prompt
You can reset your network settings if the previous steps don't resolve your issue. Run the following commands in the Command Prompt (Admin mode) and then restart your system:
1. Open 'Command Prompt' as an Administrator.
 - Type in the following commands and press 'Enter' after each one:
 - netsh winsock reset
 - netsh int ip reset
 - ipconfig /release
 - ipconfig /renew
 - ipconfig /flushdns
2. Restart your system to apply these changes.
After resetting your network settings, verify if the EA App connection issue persists. If it does, consider reaching out to EA Help for support.
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Cockeye, Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Complications, Prevention
Cockeye, Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Complications, Prevention
What is a Cockeye, cockeyed baby, slight, surgery, Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Complications, Prevention; Cockeye is a condition when the position of the two eyes is not parallel and looks at a different direction. Cockeye or in medical terms known as strabismus occurs due to a disruption in the coordination of the eye's driving muscles. In this condition, one eye may look forward, while the other eye may look up, down, or side, so that both eyes cannot focus to see the same object.
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Cause of Cockeye
The cause of this impaired coordination of the eyeball muscles is not always known. Some sufferers have Cockeye from birth, while some other sufferers occur as adults. Sometimes, Cockeye sufferers also have other family members who experience Cockeye. In children, Cockeye can be triggered by eyes that work too hard to overcome vision problems, such as:
 - Nearsighted
 - Farsighted
 - Astigmatism
Cockeye, Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Complications, Prevention
What is a Cockeye, cockeyed baby, slight, surgery, Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Complications, Prevention.
Other Cockeye triggers in children, but rarely occur, including:
 - Paralyzed brain
 - Some infections, such as measles
 - Some genetic conditions or syndromes, such as Down syndrome
 - Diabetes
 - Retinoblastoma eye cancer
Unlike the children, the causes of Cockeye that occur during adulthood include:
 - Botulism
 - Injury to the eye
 - Head injury
 - Stroke
 - Guillain-Barre syndrome
 - Grave's disease
 - Diabetes
Cockeye Symptoms
The following are symptoms that can be experienced by Cockeye sufferers, namely:
 - Eyes look out of alignment.
 - The eyes do not move simultaneously.
 - Tilt your head when you see something.
 - Often blinks or squints, especially in the sun.
 - The tension in the eyes.
 - Headache.
 - Blurred vision.
 - Decrease perception or estimate of distance.
 - Double vision.
Double vision complaints are usually present in Cockeye sufferers who occur as adults. When the eye does not look at the same point, it should cause double vision. However, this does not happen to Cockeye patients who are still children. Two images sent by the eye to the children's brain will be ignored by the brain and the brain will choose an image from one eye, usually from a healthy eye. This is dangerous because it can lead to the ability of one eye to go down, which is called the lazy eye (amblyopia). However, the opposite can also happen, where the lazy eye actually results in Cockeye.
Cockeye diagnosis
Early diagnosis and treatment of Cockeye are very important, especially in children, to prevent vision loss. Immediately consult an eye doctor if you or your child experience symptoms of Cockeye. The doctor will carry out a series of eye examinations, including:
 - Test the corneal light reflex.
 - Retinal test to check the condition of the back of the eye.
 - Examination of eye vision to determine visual acuity.
 - The eye test is closed and open to measure movement and abnormalities in the eye.
If Cockeye is also accompanied by other symptoms, the doctor will examine the brain and nervous system to check for other possible conditions. A new baby can have Cockeye, but if Cockeye's condition persists after the baby is 3 months and above, immediately consult a doctor.
Cockeye Treatment
The type of treatment for Cockeye is adjusted for the cause and severity suffered. Some types of treatment that might be done include:
 - Blindfold. If there is a lazy eye, the doctor will advise the patient to use an eye patch to cover the healthy eye. This is done to encourage the weaker driving muscles to work harder.
 - Eyeglasses. Glasses help treat Cockeye caused by vision problems in the eyes, such as nearsightedness.
 - Eye drops. Eye drops are given to temporarily obfuscate stronger eyesight so that both eyes have the same focus.
 - Eye exercises. Treatment is done by giving specific exercises to the muscles that control eye movements.
 - Botox injections into healthy eye muscles. Injection is done to weaken the stronger eye muscles so that the eye muscles are weak. However, the effect of botox usually only lasts less than 3 months.
 - Operation. The surgical procedure is performed to tighten or loosen the muscles that control eye movements. Sometimes, additional surgery is needed to fully align the eyes.
Complications of Cockeye
If you don't get immediate treatment, Cockeye can cause lazy eyes and blurred vision. This blurred vision occurs when Cockeye is not treated until the age of 11 years. When already treated, some children can return to having Cockeye and lazy eyes, so they must always be monitored.
Cockeye prevention
Cockeye is generally not preventable. However, the prevention of complications of Cockeye can be done with early detection and appropriate treatment. Newborns must also be monitored for eye health.
Body Health
Body Health Body Health site is a site that discusses various things about health, health tips and recommendations for a healthy diet.
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Let's look more at background. We can add video to the background. You can see examples of what this lesson is about on this site I created (and then stopped working on because my son wanted to make his own site).
Lands Unknown front page
Here's my exact code. The image is the name "Lands Unknown."
 Explore, sail, and trade in a massive procedural world. Coming to PC, PS4, Xbox One <1--end class trailer-->
video { width: 100%; height: auto; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; z-index: -1; }.container img {width: 100%; height: auto; z-index: 5; }
Above: everything is in a div for that part of the page. The image is the big name.
CSS: The video has a width of 100%. It goes clear across the screen no matter the screen size. The height automatically adjusts so that the screen is never squished weird.
Position we haven't talked about. I don't use it much. I must have had trouble getting it to be where I wanted it to be. Absolute tells it to stay put where you put it.
Z-index is relevant to backgrounds. The Z-index orders your layers. 0 is the bottom, 1 is next. Giving everything else something greater than 0 would have been enough, but I just used -1 to move it back. I could have used 1 instead of 5 for the image container. If you have two things in the same place, use Z-index to order your layers, bringing one in front of the other. The higher the number the more to the front it is. If you can't see something on your page, maybe it's hidden under something else!
Z-index is how you can scroll up a page and have the page look like it's scrolling up under the menu at the top of the page.
Try adding a video background on a page.
Here's this lesson.


text:
To replace a textbox by a picturebox, you can use 3 different types of tokens :
Each of the above will replace the textbox in which it is, by a picturebox.
-All other tokens within that textbox will be ignored, if a graphics file is associated with the token for the current textbox (this is not necessarily the case).
-If no graphics file is associated with an image token for the current textbox, then the textbox is not changed to a picturebox, and all other tokens included in that textbox are evaluated normally.
-However zap tokens supercede all other tokens and, in a textbox which includes both zap and image tokens, if the zap token evaluates to a result which deletes the textbox, then that textbox will be deleted, regardless of the result of the image token.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Scientists are using machine learning to take some of the uncertainty out of how cancer treatments are actually impacting tumors.
Researchers from the University of Manchester are using a machine learning method called Linear Poisson Modelling—developed to help scientists identify craters and dunes of Mars—as a new way to measure the effects of cancer treatments.
Linear Poisson Modelling works by learning patterns within data and how they can change, enabling researchers to assess the effects of errors in data, and providing additional output predictions of how precise its results are.
"This technique is all about making the most of 'small data', which is common in medical studies where it is difficult to obtain large numbers of samples," Paul Tar, PhD, who co-developed the method during his PhD project, said in a statement. "Researchers use charitable or public money, so it is important that they use it in the most efficient way possible, something which this technique allows."
Researchers often have difficulty understanding what effect treatment is having on a tumor against a background of changes that would have occurred regardless of treatment, as tumors are not uniform and different parts of the tumor change at different speeds.
To obtain meaningful results, researchers often look at average changes in tumors using several samples, often with animals. However, this makes it difficult to assess the effects of treatment on each individual.
"Every person's cancer is unique, which can make treating the disease challenging as a drug that works for one patient might not work for someone else," James O'Connor, PhD, a Cancer Research UK advanced clinician scientist, said in a statement. "That's why we're increasingly looking at finding new ways to make treatment more personal, and this innovative work could be a step towards that goal. The next step will be further research to find out if that's the case, and to help uncover this method's potential."
The new technique was first developed to help planetary scientists map features of distant planets like Mars and better understand the errors and uncertainties of observations.
The Manchester researchers applied the technique to tumor samples and were able to demonstrate a four-fold increase in the precision of tumor change measurements that detected the beneficial effects of cancer therapies.
"The results of this study show that we can present findings which researchers can be much more certain of," Neil Thacker, PhD, from the University's Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Sciences, said in a statement. "This means you can get the same quality of data from one sample instead of 16.
"This has important implications for research, meaning that instead of using 16 mice, in some studies only one is needed," he added. "This could help reduce the use of lab mice in medical research. It also opens up the potential for this technique to be used in patients by quickly and confidently identifying if drugs are having a specific effect on their tumors."
The study was published in Bioinformatics.


next up previous contents
Next: Weighting by Item and Up: Open Admin for Schools Previous: Scores and Averages
Student averages are calculated by using the max raw score of each assessment item (maxscore), the student score (score), the item weight (weight) for each item, and the group (group) that the items belong to.
There are two levels of weighting: first within the group, and then overall with all groups for an overall average.
With two tests in the same group, the method would be:
score1 / maxscore1 x weight1 + score2 / maxscore2 x weight2 = total weighted score for this group.
student group average = total weighted score / total group weight.
Using numbers, let's have 2 tests out of a maximum of 60, with one weighted 100 and another weighted 200 (twice as much). The student achieves a raw score of 54 (90%) on the first test and score of 45 (75%) on the second. Let's see how this would be calculated:
(54 / 60 * 100) + (45 / 60 * 200) = 90 + 150 = 240
The student average would be: 240 / (100 + 200) = 240/300 = 80%.
Due to the larger weighting of the lower test, the student mark is closer to 75 than to 90 for this group called Tests.
For another group of assessments, Daily Work, the student achieves a score of 90%.
If the Daily Work group is given a weight of 30Tests group is given a weight of 70%, then the overall student average is calculated as follows:
Daily Work 90% x 30 = 27 and Tests 80% x 70 = 56, and this gives 27 + 56 = 83. 83/100 = 83%.
Example 2 A student has come later in the school year, and has missed some early work. You have assigned the following group weights for the course: Daily Work 20%, Project 1 - 10%, Project 2 - 20%, Tests - 50%. The student achieved 80% on Project 2, 70% on Daily Work, and 60% on Tests.
His/her average would be calculated as follows:
Daily Work 70% x 20 + Project Two 80% x 20 + Tests 60% x 50 to give 14 + 16 + 30 = 60 out of a possible 90. The student average is thus 60/90 = 67%. Notice that this is not out of 100%, but only 90%... that part of the course assessment that he/she was present for.
Example 3 A student is missing several tests. The scores for these items are left blank (to indicate they were not done). Another project assignment was not handed in and a score of nhi was assigned.
The blank items will not affect the student's score within their group and the group average score will only be calculated for those items completed within that group of assessment items.
The nhi score will be treated as a zero (0) for calculation purposes for the group average score.
next up previous contents


Question: What is the intrinsic stock price per share before the IPO?
Get premium Solution to all your Homework Assignments exclusively on writerkingdom. We have CFA/MBA writers to provide model answers to your every academic problem
a)What is the intrinsic stock price per share before the IPO? b) Given the target net proceeds, what amount of gross proceeds are required?c. What is projected total value of LC immediately after the IPO? Based on the total amount paid by the shareholders purchasing new shares in the IPO, what percentage of the total post-IPO value do you think the new shareholders require to justify their stock purchases?d. How many new shares must be sold in the IPO to provide the percentage of ownership required by the new shareholders? How many total shares will be outstanding after the IPO?
a) Intrinsic value per share is true and real value of the company
Forecasted stock price is equal to Earnings Per Share after the nth year X Average PE Ratio
EPS after nth year is Current EPS X Rate of EPS Increase= E * ( 1+ r/100) ^ n
(r is rate and n is no of years)
Forecasted dividends is Total dividends in n years * Average dividend payout
add forecasted stock price and forecasted dividend, gives Future value of stock
Npv of future value of stock will be Intrinsic Value
will be equal to Future value / ( (1+r/100) ^ n)
B) Gross Proceeds of IPO would be
Net Proceeds plus underwriting discounts and commission plus other offering exps of the IPO
D) Suppose there are N shares. before IPO.M is new shares issued. ownership in the company gets reduced to the factor N / (N + M).. so this formula determines the new shares issued that is M. Total no. of shares outstanding would by N + M after the IPO
example there are 100 shares before IPO. 50 new shares are issued. ownership falls to 100 / 150 that is 66 percent post IPO.
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text:
Canadian researchers at the University of Montreal have revealed that active mothers will beget smarter kids. The researchers say that animal studies already prove this, but they have now undertaken a project to prove this is true in humans as well.
"Our hypothesis is that mothers who exercise during pregnancy will have newborns with more mature cognitive functions, particularly long-term memory," said researcher Elise Labonte-Lemoyne, who is coordinating the study with neuropsychologist Dave Ellemberg.
The study will involve 60 newly pregnant women aged between 20 and 35 years. The women will be divided into two groups - one group will remain inactive during pregnancy, while the other will be asked to undertake 20 minutes of physical activity three times per week.
The cerebral activity of newborns will be measured 10 days after birth by placing a small sensor on their heads. "The procedure is painless and lasts no more than 15 minutes. We can even do it as the babies sleep," Ellemberg said.


How to add an alert statement to JQuery?
Question!
I just want to show an alert when the computation is done. It is inside my JQuery script.
Here's my code:
<script language="javascript">
$('document').ready(function() {
 $('#payable').change(function() {
 var str = $('#payable').val();
 var value = $('#value').val();
 if (str == "1 Week") {
 var result = value / 6;
 $("#deduc").val(result);
 } else if(str == '1 Month'){
 var result = value / 24;
 $("#deduc").val(result);
 } else if(str == '2 Months'){
 var result = value / 48;
 $("#deduc").val(result);
 }
 })
})
</script>
Answers
If I'm not mistaken to add an alert after the function is done you can just add one line before the end of your script
$('#payable').change(function() {
 var str = $('#payable').val();
 var value = $('#value').val();
 if (str == "1 Week") {
 var result = value / 6;
 $("#deduc").val(result);
 } else if(str == '1 Month'){
 var result = value / 24;
 $("#deduc").val(result);
 } else if(str == '2 Months'){
 var result = value / 48;
 $("#deduc").val(result);
 }
 alert("Completed!");
})
Depends on how accurate you want the speedtest to be, the larger the file the more accurate it is. But this can be a big annoyance/data hog for the user.
The big number appears because it's in bytes, to get Mb/s you need to do Your result / 1024^2.
Disable attribute only associates button and input filelds, the thing you want to do here is , event.preventDefault . It will work like disable, but it will depend upon your coding, if you want to show it disabled, you have to add add via jquery
This video can help you solving your question :)
By: admin


Category:
What Is Num Lock?
Compact keyboards, such as those on many laptops, often lack a 10-key numeric pad and therefore do not have a num lock key.
Article Details
 - Written By: Michael Pollick
 - Edited By: Niki Foster
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The Mona Lisa got its name from an English spelling error: it should have been spelled "Monna," meaning "My Lady." more...
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Just to be clear, num lock is not the least popular item on a Chinese menu, nor is it a security measure for wayward nums. Actually, it is a key found on most computer keyboards near the 10-key numeric pad. The term is short for numeric lock or number lock, the function of which is now considered largely ornamental and historical. There is also a corresponding light which indicates when the key has been activated or deactivated.
When IBM first introduced personal computers, the original keyboards combined the standard 10-key numeric pads with a second set of cursor controls. The num lock key acted as a toggle switch between the two sets of commands. When the key was switched on, the numeric keypad would work exclusively as a form of calculator. Switching it off would convert the keys to cursor controls, allowing users to manipulate the cursor in four directions or send it to the top or bottom of the page.
More modern computer keyboards use separate keys for cursor control, reducing the need for a num lock key. The numerical keypad on almost all modern keyboards is set to lock by default. Occasionally, a computer will remember the setting during shut-down and restore that setting during restart. This means if the user turns off the num lock for gaming or programming purposes, it will remain off during the restart process.
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The key has not become completely obsolete — there are still a few programming functions which benefit from its presence. Some computer gamers find that the numeric keypad is easier to manipulate than the separate direction and cursor control keys of modern keyboards. Web surfers may also find the unlocked numeric keypad to be useful while scrolling through large websites. The next generation of keyboard design may eliminate the num lock key altogether, but there was a time when it served a definite purpose for early computer users.
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anon52172
Post 2
There are few things that annoy me more than the Num Lock. When using the 10-key and the Qwerty number pads interchangeably, it is infuriating to find the lock, especially after typing several keys in the 10-key and messing up the number fields I just tabbed through. The Num Lock should be eliminated, immediately.
anon8607
Post 1
So...what's the difference between the num lock and the scroll lock? It sounds to me like they do the same thing.
Also, why do keyboards still have Caps Lock? I as taught in second grade not to use caps lock, as it was the incorrect way to insert capital letters. If that's true, then why haven't we gotten rid of it? Especially now, when (what I assume are) "hunt & peck" types forget to "turn off" the caps lock (and thus make the rest of us more savvy typists assume the person is an idiot. I figure they aren't. Just not tech savvy, and on the 'net, that makes you seem like an idiot to those of us who
use our computer daily).
Also: What's the politest way for me to tell my friends who are new to email *not* to send out forwards? My preferred method is usually just send it right back, but there are some people I actually *like* and I don't want to hurt their feelings (or spam them back, as the case may be).
Moderator's reply: Check out our articles, Why Should I Avoid Capital Letters in Email Addresses and Other Online Forms? and What is Email Bankruptcy?.
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When composing your SMS campaign using a Custom Sender ID a unsub-reply link will be automatically added to your message as shown in the below example:
Once the recipient taps on the unsub-reply link within your message this screen will appear:
Recipients can either tap on the UNSUBSCRIBE button or enter text in the text box and tap on the REPLY button.
NOTE: When a recipient taps on the UNSUBSCRIBE button they will be opted out of receiving future SMS communication.
Viewing your replies
You can view replies to your messages from:
1. Your ACTIVITY > INBOX screen:
2. Your responses tab for your SMS campaign. In ACTIVITY, click on the number representing the number of replies received:
3. Your nominated email account when you have enabled Forward to Email option in your REPLY OPTIONS:


text: There has been a growing need in recent years to further improve vehicle fuel efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions. JATCO began mass production of a transmission for rear-wheel-drive (RWD) hybrid vehicle with Nissan in 2010, which was followed by the development of a front-wheel-drive (FWD) hybrid system (JATCO CVT8 HYBRID) for use on a midsize SUV in the U.S. market. While various types of hybrid systems have been proposed, the FWD system adopts a one-motor two-clutch parallel hybrid topology which is also used on the RWD hybrid. This high-efficiency system incorporates a clutch for decoupling the transmission of power between the engine and the motor.The hybrid system was substantially downsized from that used on the RWD vehicle in order to mount it on the FWD vehicle. This paper describes various seal technologies developed for housing the dry multi-plate clutch inside the motor, which was a key packaging technology for achieving the FWD hybrid system.


fluctuations. In temperate regions, where daily and seasonal fluctuations are prominent, such decreases in daily temperature fluctuations can have a pronounced effect on the fitness of species and on the outcome of species interactions. In this study, the effect of a temperature regime with daily fluctuations versus a constant temperature on the fitness and interspecific interactions of three cryptic species of the marine nematode species complex of Litoditis marina (Pm I, Pm III and Pm IV) were investigated. In a lab experiment, different combinations of species (monospecific treatment: Pm I and Pm IV and Pm III alone; two-species treatment: Pm I + Pm IV; three-species treatment: Pm I + Pm IV + Pm III) were subjected to two different temperature regimes: one constant and one fluctuating temperature. Our results showed that fluctuating temperature had minor or no effects on the population fitness of the three species in monocultures. In contrast, interspecific interactions clearly influenced the fitness of all three species, both positively and negatively. Temperature regime did have a substantial effect on the interactions between the species. In the two-species treatment, temperature regime altered the interaction from a sort of mutualism to commensalism. In addition, the strength of the interspecific interactions changed depending on the temperature regime in the three-species treatment. This experiment confirms that interactions between the species can change depending on the abiotic environment; these results show that it is important to incorporate the effect of fluctuations on interspecific interactions to predict the effect of climate change on biodiversity. PMID:26147103
 18. Daily Mean Temperature Affects Urolithiasis Presentation in Seoul: a Time-series Analysis.
 PubMed
 Lee, SeoYeon; Kim, Min-Su; Kim, Jung Hoon; Kwon, Jong Kyou; Chi, Byung Hoon; Kim, Jin Wook; Chang, In Ho
 2016-05-01
 This study aimed to investigate the overall cumulative exposure-response and the lag response relationships between daily temperature and urolithiasis presentation in Seoul. Using a time-series design and distributing lag nonlinear methods, we estimated the relative risk (RR) of urolithiasis presentation associated with mean daily temperature, including the cumulative RR for a 20 days period, and RR for individual daily lag through 20 days. We analyzed data from 14,518 patients of 4 hospitals emergency department who sought medical evaluation or treatment of urolithiasis from 2005-2013 in Seoul. RR was estimated according to sex and age. Associations between mean daily temperature and urolithiasis presentation were not monotonic. Furthermore, there was variation in the exposure-response curve shapes and the strength of association at different temperatures, although in most cases RRs increased for temperatures above the 13°C reference value. The RRs for urolothiasis at 29°C vs. 13°C were 2.54 in all patients (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.67-3.87), 2.59 in male (95% CI, 1.56-4.32), 2.42 in female (95% CI, 1.15-5.07), 3.83 in male less than 40 years old (95% CI, 1.78-8.26), and 2.47 in male between 40 and 60 years old (95% CI, 1.15-5.34). Consistent trends of increasing RR of urolithiasis presentation were observed within 5 days of high temperatures across all groups. Urolithiasis presentation increased with high temperature with higher daily mean temperatures, with the strongest associations estimated for lags of only a few days, in Seoul, a metropolitan city in Korea.
 19. Daily Mean Temperature Affects Urolithiasis Presentation in Seoul: a Time-series Analysis
 PubMed Central
 2016-01-01
 This study aimed to investigate the overall cumulative exposure-response and the lag response relationships between daily temperature and urolithiasis presentation in Seoul. Using a time-series design and distributing lag nonlinear methods, we estimated the relative risk (RR) of urolithiasis presentation associated with mean daily temperature, including the cumulative RR for a 20 days period, and RR for individual daily lag through 20 days. We analyzed data from 14,518 patients of 4 hospitals emergency department who sought medical evaluation or treatment of urolithiasis from 2005-2013 in Seoul. RR was estimated according to sex and age. Associations between mean daily temperature and urolithiasis presentation were not monotonic. Furthermore, there was variation in the exposure-response curve shapes and the strength of association at different temperatures, although in most cases RRs increased for temperatures above the 13°C reference value. The RRs for urolothiasis at 29°C vs. 13°C were 2.54 in all patients (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.67-3.87), 2.59 in male (95% CI, 1.56-4.32), 2.42 in female (95% CI, 1.15-5.07), 3.83 in male less than 40 years old (95% CI, 1.78-8.26), and 2.47 in male between 40 and 60 years old (95% CI, 1.15-5.34). Consistent trends of increasing RR of urolithiasis presentation were observed within 5 days of high temperatures across all groups. Urolithiasis presentation increased with high temperature with higher daily mean temperatures, with the strongest associations estimated for lags of only a few days, in Seoul, a metropolitan city in Korea. PMID:27134497
 20. Is Air Temperature Enough to Predict Lake Surface Temperature?
 NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
 Piccolroaz, S.; Toffolon, M.; Majone, B.
 2014-12-01
 Lake surface water (LST) is a key factor that controls most of the physical and ecological processes occurring in lakes. Reliable estimates are especially important in the light of recent studies, which revealed that inland water bodies are highly sensitive to climate, and are rapidly warming throughout the world. However, an accurate estimation of LST usually requires a significant amount of information that is not always available. In this work, we present an application of air2water, a lumped model that simulates LST as a function of air temperature only. In addition, air2water allows for a qualitative evaluation of the depth of the epilimnion during the annual stratification cycle. The model consists in a simplification of the complete heat budget of the well-mixed surface layer, and has a few parameters (from 4 to 8 depending on the version) that summarize the role of the different heat flux components. Model calibration requires only air and water temperature data, possibly covering sufficiently long historical periods in order to capture inter-annual variability and long-term trends. During the calibration procedure, the information included in input data is retrieved to directly inform model parameters, which can be used to classify the thermal behavior of the lake. In order to investigate how thermal dynamics are related to morphological features, the model has been applied to 14 temperate lakes characterized by different morphological and hydrological conditions, by different sources of temperature data (buoys, satellite), and by variable frequency of acquisition. A good agreement between observed and simulated LST has been achieved, with a RMSE in the order of 1°C, which is fully comparable to the performances of more complex process-based models. This application allowed for a deeper understanding of the thermal response of lakes as a function of their morphology, as well as for specific analyses as for example the investigation of the exceptional
 1. How do GCMs represent daily maximum and minimum temperatures in La Plata Basin?
 NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
 Bettolli, M. L.; Penalba, O. C.; Krieger, P. A.
 2013-05-01
 This work focuses on southern La Plata Basin region which is one of the most important agriculture and hydropower producing regions worldwide. Extreme climate events such as cold and heat waves and frost events have a significant socio-economic impact. It is a big challenge for global climate models (GCMs) to simulate regional patterns, temporal variations and distribution of temperature in a daily basis. Taking into account the present and future relevance of the region for the economy of the countries involved, it is very important to analyze maximum and minimum temperatures for model evaluation and development. This kind of study is aslo the basis for a great deal of the statistical downscaling methods in a climate change context. The aim of this study is to analyze the ability of the GCMs to reproduce the observed daily maximum and minimum temperatures in the southern La Plata Basin region. To this end, daily fields of maximum and minimum temperatures from a set of 15 GCMs were used. The outputs corresponding to the historical experiment for the reference period _PHONE_ were obtained from the WCRP CMIP5 (World Climate Research Programme Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5). In order to compare daily temperature values in the southern La Plata Basin region as generated by GCMs to those derived from observations, daily maximum and minimum temperatures were used from the gridded dataset generated by the Claris LPB Project ("A Europe-South America Network for Climate Change Assessment and Impact Studies in La Plata Basin"). Additionally, reference station data was included in the study. The analysis was focused on austral winter (June, July, August) and summer (December, January, February). The study was carried out


text: The aim of this paper was to review in vitro and in situ studies that directly compared the use of bovine teeth as a substitute for human teeth in dental experiments. A PubMed search was conducted for papers published from 1953 to December 30, 2010 using the following keywords: "human bovine enamel" or "human bovine dentin" or "human bovine teeth". The abstracts of the studies resulting from the keyword search were read, and all papers that compared human and bovine teeth were fully read. Only original articles written in English and directly comparing human and bovine substrates were included in the review. The search was supplemented by manual searches of the reference lists from each identified paper. Out of 76 studies initially selected, 68 fulfilled the selection criteria for inclusion. The studies covered seven categories: dental morphology, chemical composition, physical properties, dental caries, dental erosion/abrasion, bonding/adhesive strength, and marginal microleakage. Inconsistent data exist regarding whether bovine teeth can be considered an appropriate substitute for human teeth in dental research. Morphological, chemical compostion and physical property differences between the two substrates must be considered when interpreting results obtained from any experiment using bovine tooth substrate.


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See also: présentable
- In good enough shape to be shown to other people; tidy; attractive.
- Before we go out, let me just go to the washroom and make myself presentable.
- 1900, L. Frank Baum, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Chapter 23
- Before they went to see Glinda, however, they were taken to a room of the Castle, where Dorothy washed her face and combed her hair, and the Lion shook the dust out of his mane, and the Scarecrow patted himself into his best shape, and the Woodman polished his tin and oiled his joints. When they were all quite presentable they followed the soldier girl into a big room where the Witch Glinda sat upon a throne of rubies.
- (ecclesiastical) Capable of being presented to a church living.
able to be presented
presentable (masculine and feminine plural presentables)
presentable (plural presentables)


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Impact of Agriculture on Deforestation
Agriculture can be considered as a major cause of deforestation and its impact on deforestation is huge. Due to large population, the demand of food is high and in order to fulfill the demand of food of society, deforestation takes place on large scale. High demand of food promotes commercial farming that leads to the acquisition of lands on large scale. Forests are converting into farmlands for large scale farming. This causes adverse effect on environment, climate and health. It also damages natural ecosystems and biodiversity. By giving the importance of environmental protection and health, this review paper discussed about the impact of agriculture on deforestation. This review discussed diverse aspects of deforestation caused by agriculture. Currently, climate change is the major issue in front of the world that is why it is necessary to grow agriculture sector with forest protection policy that will help to secure and protect the nature.


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Mount Vinson lies in the southern portion of the Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica. At nearly eighty degrees South, it is a mere eight hundred miles from the South Pole. Mount Vinson, at 16,067 feet, has the distinction of being the highest point in our planet's last great wilderness, as well as being in one of the most inaccessible ranges in the world. In fact, until recently, climbing Mount Vinson was logistically almost impossible.
It was not until 1985, when Adventure Network International started providing full logistical support for expeditions to the Antarctic interior, that Mt. Vinson was considered more accessible. Aventuras Patagonicas Expeditions to Mt. Vinson will be supported by ANI aircrafts.
We have been successfully guiding Mt Vinson since we began this program several seasons ago.
Climbing Vinson is challenging! The expedition requires a sincere commitment, considering the remoteness of the region. The climate poses a great challenge as well. Mt. Vinson is located in one of the coldest climates on earth, with temperatures ranging from -30F and even -40F below zero. Participants must have experience with winter mountaineering and be in excellent physical condition.


I understand that a miner is the only one who can vote for a certain BIP, but I'm wondering, how do they technically do that? How do they submit their vote? I found out that they are doing it through the coinbase transaction, but I couldn't find any details on it.
See my answer here to address some of your misconceptions. TL;DR: miners signal support in blocks for certain rule changes in order to coordinate activation, not to determine whether it is accepted or not.
As for the actual mechanism used to signal, a number have been used in the past:
Time based: BIP16, BIP30
Early softforks (up to mid 2012) used a simple time based activation mechanism: node software that implements these proposals enforced the new rules on all blocks with a timestamp after a certain date. In the case of BIP16, this date was determined (and modified) in response to miner signalling, but this signalling was just for human interpretation; nodes took no automatic actions in response to it.
Specifically, the signalling used here was to put a string with a support message in the coinbase transaction's scriptSig field, which is otherwise free for miners to put anything in.
Block-version signalling: BIP34, BIP65, BIP66
A later generation of softforks used the block header's nVersion field for signalling (up to the year 2015). Each of those used a subsequent version numbers (BIP34 used version 2; BIP66 used version 3; BIP65 used version 4).
Whenever 750 out blocks number N-1000..N-1 (so 75%) had the proposal's version number of higher, block N would be subject to the proposal's rules. Whenever 950 out of blocks number N-1000..N-1 (so 95%) did, the next block would be required to also signal for it - resulting in a final lock-in.
Versionbits-based signalling: BIP68/112/113, BIP141/143/144, BIP91
The rollout of relative locktimes (BIP68/112/113) and Segregated Witness (BIP141/143/144) used a different mechanism, which had its own document, BIP9. It specifies using one specific bit of the block header's nVersion field for each proposal, and a finite state machine to determine when to signal and when to activate. Its purpose is/was to permit multiple concurrent proposals to activate, without needing to have one completed before the next one can roll out. This was a downside of the previous mechanism, as it would be impossible to activate the proposal with version 4 without also signalling for activation of the proposal with version 3.
Due to various reasons, segwit was not entirely uncontroversial, and eventual activation happened through a meta-proposal, BIP91. BIP91 itself used BIP9 to activate, which then on its turn made signalling for BIP141/143/144 mandatory, resulting in its activation in August 2017.
The future?
There are a variety of mechanisms available these days, and there is active discussion on what to use for the (likely) next softfork, specified in BIP340/341/342 (Taproot). This includes a variant of the BIP9 versionbits mechanism, called BIP8. An article on the various possible schemes can be found here.
Disclaimer: I am a (co-)author of several of the listed documents in this post (BIP9, BIP30, BIP66, BIP141/143/144, BIP340/341/342).
 - Thank you for your answer. Good luck in your future work on BIPs – ddavi031 Jul 17 '20 at 10:50
 - Thank you for your answer, but I edited the question and added "technically" word. I'm interesting in how do they technically vote? Where they add their "yes" or "no"? – ddavi031 Jul 16 '20 at 18:08
 - They put yes or no (a piece of code) inside the coinbase transaction – Hamita Jul 16 '20 at 18:26
 - As part of the scriptSig? – ddavi031 Jul 16 '20 at 18:29
 - take a look at the third point of this site and it wil explain it for you [_URL_.sohn/… – Hamita Jul 16 '20 at 18:45
 - 2
 I downvoted. I think this answer misses the point: what miners do in typical softforks is not voting, it is signalling readiness. If the community wants proposal to happen, they can demand it from miners (see BIP148 for example), but things go smoother if miners deploy faster rather than later. See BIP8, BIP9, for modern activation mechanisms. – Pieter Wuille Jul 16 '20 at 19:09
Your Answer


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What are Tibial Eminence Fractures?
The tibial eminence, also called the tibial spine, is a bony protuberance of the tibia (shin bone) that attaches to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee joint.
A tibial eminence fracture is break or crack in the bony attachment of the ACL to the tibia. The fracture can be a contact or non-contact injury and occurs at the base of the tibial eminence.
The tibia is a long, weight-bearing bone forming the front part of your leg from the knee to ankle. It is the larger and stronger of the two bones in the leg below the knee (the other thinner one being the fibula or calf bone). The tibia forms the shin with its top connecting to the knee joint and its bottom to the ankle joint.
The ACL is one of a pair of ligaments in your knee. It connects the bottom of the femur (thighbone) to the top of the tibia. The point of attachment is the tibial eminence, and it functions to prevent the tibia from sliding out in front of the femur.
Who is at Risk?
Tibial eminence fractures may occur at any age but are more common among:
- Children aged between 8-14 (skeletally immature persons)
- Adolescent girls
The condition is rarely seen in adults.
Typically, a tibial eminence fracture is the result of direct trauma and high amounts of pressure on the ACL, leading to an avulsion (tearing away) at the tibial eminence. The condition can be caused by any of the following:
- A fall from bicycle
- Sports or athletic activities
- Motor vehicle accidents
- Knee twisting
Signs or Symptoms
The major signs or symptoms of tibial eminence fractures include:
- Severe swelling and pain in the knee
- Failure to fully extend the knee
- Inability to bear weight while walking
- Painful hemarthrosis (bleeding into a joint)
If Left Untreated
If left untreated, tibial eminence fractures may result in a severe stiffness of the knee (arthrofibrosis) and reduced range of motion.
Your doctor will begin the diagnosis with the evaluation of your medical history, followed by a thorough physical examination which may require X-ray, CT scan or MRI images to confirm the condition.
Treatment of tibial eminence fractures usually involves realigning or repositioning the tibial eminence bone. Your doctor will decide on the appropriate treatment option depending on the severity of the fracture.
Nondisplaced fractures (where the bone is split but the fragments remain aligned)
Minimally displaced fractures (where the broken ends of the bone line up almost perfectly, and stay in place during healing)
These are treated non-operatively and managed conservatively with:
- Casting or bracing
- Immobilization followed by physical therapy
In the case of displacement or severe displacement where the bone has significantly shifted, surgery may be indicated.
The doctor may choose either open reduction and fixation (with sutures or screws) or arthroscopic fixation, depending on the situation. Arthroscopy is generally favored, with better long-term results. Surgery places the bone tissue back into the correct anatomical position and may preserve the ACL.
Regardless of the extent of the injury, aggressive rehabilitation is key for a full recovery. Early detection and management of tibial eminence fractures can reduce morbidity and minimize long-term complications.


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The Chiphen Rigpel Project was conceived to aid the Kingdom of Bhutan in achieving its vision of transforming itself into a Knowledge based Society, with employment and advancement of opportunities in the knowledge sector and skilling of population that is fully equipped to take advantage of these opportunities. The project was designed to create a large impact by directly touching more than 50% of the population of Kingdom of Bhutan in a short span of five (5) years. The encompassing Project is designed to train or educate or introduce to education all strata of the Bhutanese people.
1. Ministers, administrators and government employees who make and implement education and related policies, are benefitting through the Enabling e-Governance Project.
2. Teachers, who are the backbone of the education system and play a key role in building the knowledge capability of Bhutan are being trained through the Empowering the Teachers Project.
3. Youth and tertiary students, who are at the brink of entering the job market and professionals in the labor market who wish to improve their skills, are getting aided through the Employable Education for a Knowledge Based Society Project, Tertiary Institutes Go High Tech Project and The Mass IT Literacy Project.
a. Entrepreneurs, change agents or public leaders who may have a stake in preserving Bhutan's ecological heritage and balance are being provided special training for the identification of e-waste from IT hardware and management of e-waste generated from the Chiphen Rigpel Project.
4. School students and teachers in government schools are benefitting from the Taking ICT to Schools Project.
5. The drop outs or citizens who have not received formal education are being brought into the fold of the educational processes. Learning is being made more accessible to them through the Reaching the Unreached Project and IT literacy for vulnerable youth initiative.
Prime Ministers of India and Bhutan at the Launch of Project Chiphen Rigpel along with Rajendra Pawar, Chairman of NIIT Ltd.
The NIIT team with the Prime Minister and his entire cabinet after the successful completion of the training.


A method has been developed for binding calmodulin, radioiodinated by the lactoperoxidase method, to denaturing gels and has been used to attempt to identify the calmodulin-binding proteins of cerebral cortex postsynaptic densities (PSDs). Calmodulin primarily bound to the major 51,000 Mr protein in a saturatable manner; secondarily bound to the 60,000 Mr region, 140,000 Mr region, and 230,000 Mr protein; and bound in lesser amounts to a number of other proteins. The major 51,000 Mr calmodulin-binding protein is one of unknown identity. Binding of iodinated calmodulin to these proteins was blocked by EDTA, EGTA, chlorpromazine, and preincubation with unlabeled calmodulin. Calmodulin iodinated by the chloramine-T method, which inactivates calmodulin did not bind to the PSD but bound nonspecifically to histone. Calmodulin did not bind to proteins from a variety of sources for which calmodulin interactions have not been found. Except for three proteins, all of the proteins of synaptic membranes that bind calmodulin could be accounted for by proteins of the PSD which are a part of the synaptic membrane fraction. The major 51,000 M, protein and the corresponding iodinated calmodulin binding were greatly reduced in cerebellar PSDs and this difference between cerebral cortex and cerebellar PSDs is discussed in light of the possible function of calmodulin in synaptic excitatory responses.
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Kelleher, Luke and Smyth, Austin (2008) Increasing school choice: sustainability paradox. In: Transportation Research Board 87th Annual Meeting, 13 - 17 Jan 2008, Washington DC.
Full text not available from this repository.
Official URL: _URL_
The UK government wants school travel to be safer, healthier and more environmentally friendly-with more pupils walking and cycling. In addition in 2005, it published the 14-19 Education and Skills White Paper. One of the key aims of the paper was to improve school choice for all pupils. This is to be achieved by giving more choice to disadvantaged children; and promoting fair admissions in order to give parents access to a wider range of schools. Allowing parents to look further than their local catchment area school is likely to result in greater numbers of children traveling longer distances. Therefore, as this paper illustrates, if school choice is really to be open to all, school transport must be included as part of the tool kit promoting choice and targeted at those who need it most.
|Item Type:||Conference or Workshop Item (Paper)|
|Research Community:||University of Westminster > Architecture and the Built Environment, School of|
|Deposited On:||16 Apr 2009 12:45|
|Last Modified:||16 Apr 2009 12:45|
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CPL-Adiabatic Gated logic (CPLAG) XOR gate
Abstract
In this paper authors have investigated the appropriateness of adiabatic circuit design techniques aiming to reduce the power dissipation by the VLSI circuits. Authors have implemented/proposed CPL based Adiabatic Gated (CPLAG) XOR gate which can be synchronized with the reference clock signal. The implemented CPLAG XOR gate is analyzed for different voltage levels for the capacitance involved with the power dissipation. The circuit is also analyzed for different temperature gradients for its functional and operational robustness in different operating conditions. The circuit operation is also tested to resetting the output node and associated power data. The implemented CPLAG based XOR gate has minimum dissipated power of 3.52×10-11W at 1v and maximum power of 6.10×10-10W at 5v. The power clock path offers maximum capacitance 1.40×1010F contributing 22% of the total circuit capacitance. From the power delay product it is found that the circuit best performs at 2v across different temperature ranges. After rigorous testing the circuit is found to be functionally successful.
DOI: 10.1109/ICACCI.2013._PHONE_
9 Figures and Tables
Cite this paper
@article{Sharma2013CPLAdiabaticGL, title={CPL-Adiabatic Gated logic (CPLAG) XOR gate}, author={Manoj K Sharma and Arti Noor}, journal={2013 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI)}, year={2013}, pages={575-579} }


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The traditional East Asian calendars divide a year into 24 solar terms . Xiàzhì or Geshi is the 10th solar term, and marks the summer solstice. It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 90° and ends when it reaches the longitude of 105°. It more often refers in particular to the day when the Sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 90°. In the Gregorian calendar, it usually begins around June 21 and ends around July 7.
The solstices mark the ''middle'' of the seasons in East Asian calendars. Here, the Chinese character means "extreme", so the term for the summer solstice directly signifies the summit of summer, a linkage absent in Western languages.


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Is there an easy example of a (closed) hyperbolic 3-manifold that fibers over the circle but contains some totally geodesic surface?
(Of course such manifolds exist if the 'Virtually Fibered Conjecture' were correct, since a geodesic surface lifts to the fibered cover. But is there something more eplicit?)
share|improve this question
Actually, Jorgensen's orginal example of a closed 3-manifold fibering over the circle has a geodesic immersed surface (although this wasn't proven by him). _URL_-getitem?mr=450546 – Ian Agol Sep 9 '10 at 21:03
2 Answers 2
up vote 23 down vote accepted
There are many specific known examples. Here is one construction:
Start with the 3-torus $T^3$, parametrize in the standard way as $R^3/Z^3$. It fibers over the circle in many ways. Let $a$, $b$ and $c$ be three disjoint circles, coming form lines parallel to the x, y and z axes. For most fibrations, these three circles are transverse to the fibers. Form a branched cover of the torus with two-fold branching over all preimages of these 3 circles. The resulting manifold has a hyperbolic structure that can be constructed from right-angled hyperbolic dodecahedra, and is commensurable with the 4-fold branched cover of $S^3$ over the Borromean rings. You can think of it this way: you can take a unit cube as fundamental domain for the torus, and arrange that a, b and c lie on faces of the cube, each bisecting a pari of (glued together) opposite facce. This induces a subdividision of the boundary of the cube into what look like rectangles, but are really pentagons.
The map (x,y,z) -> x+y+z gives a fibration over the torus, also works for any branched cover as described. The preimage of any face of the cube is an extended face plane of a dodecahedron, and is always a totally geodesic immersed surface, but it splits into two embedded surfaces for suitable branched covers of $T^3$ (perhaps the one you first come up with.)
The tiling of hyperbolic space by right-angled dodecahedra has a cameo appearance in the video "Not Knot" we made at the Geometry Center, available together with "Outside In" on DVD from AKPeters. In the 1984 Scientific American Article The Mathematics of three-dimensional manifolds that Jeff Weeks and I wrote, a manifold in this family (constructed from right-angled hyperbolic dodecahedra and having the properties you asked for) was described as the configuration space of a mechanical linkage. I don't think these particular properties were pointed out in Scientific American.
This and other examples that are counterintuitive at first were a good part of my motivation when I raised the question whether all hyperbolic 3-manifolds virtually fiber over the circle, which at the time was a radical idea.
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And the right-angled pentagons glue together to give the totally geodesic surface, yes? A question: How much harder is it to describe a cover where some totally geodesic surface is embedded? – Sam Nead Sep 9 '10 at 20:03
Yes on gluing the pentagons. It's not hard to make a cover, I was just trying to keep it shorter. To get an easy-to-describe cover, first pass to the 8-fold cover of the torus that unwraps the torus mod 2. Now the axes each come in quadruplicate, so their sum is trivial in $Z/2$ homology. Choose a surface that they bound (mod 2). It doesn't need to embedded, so just use a union of annuli pairing up parallel axes. Take two copies of this manifold, and cross-connect at the surfaces: think of them as magic portals, so that when you pass through it transports you to an alternate universe. – Bill Thurston Sep 10 '10 at 18:31
I think I see it. I could equip the double cover of the $8$--fold cover with a singular Euclidean metric with $4\pi$ cone locus about the axes. Since "parallel to the $zx$--plane" makes sense, the annuli have to unwrap to give embedded surfaces. Drawing a picture and staring at it convinces me that they are genus two surfaces. – Sam Nead Sep 11 '10 at 10:52
Right. There are choices of which annuli to use in the 8-fold cover which don't change the topology of the branched cover, but do change descriptions of surfaces. Each annulus is intersected by two axes, so there is at least one other annulus cutting through it. You can choose the rest of the annuli to stay away from that one. To form the 2-fold branched cover, the annulus has a single arc in the interior as branch cut. Open the slit, giving a pair of pants; in the branched cover, you have two pairs of pants joined to mke a double-torus. Can you also see the fibers of (x,y,z) -> (x+y+z)? – Bill Thurston Sep 11 '10 at 13:28
I had to draw another picture. The fibre $F$ of the map from $T^3$ to $S^1$ is the hex torus you get by gluing a hexagon and two triangles (these are obtained by connecting the midpoints of the edges of the cube $[0,2]^3$ in the right way). Any cone locus (parallel to an axis) meets $F$ in just one point. So the fibre of the actual map is obtained by taking the double branched cover of $F$ at twelve points. So, a surface of genus seven. I need to think about the monodromy some more. – Sam Nead Sep 12 '10 at 7:49
This example is neither particularly easy nor explicit, but it is at least a definite family of examples.
It follows from a paper of Bergeron--Haglund--Wise and work of Agol that any'standard' arithmetic hyperbolic 3-manifold virtually fibres. These examples contain lots of totally geodesic surfaces which, as you say, will lift to totally geodesic surfaces in the fibred cover.
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text: Aïcha al-Horra, generally known under her Spanish name Aixa (fl. 1493), was the spouse of Muhammed XI and of Abu l-Hasan Ali, and the mother of Muhammad XII. Aixa was also known by the Muslims as Aisha al-Horra (meaning the honored), due to the fact that she was one of the living descendants of the Prophet Muhammed. She was politically active and exerted influence upon the policy of state during the last years of the Emirate of Granada. Aixa is one of the best known women of the history of the Emirate of Granada.


text:
The forming cyclic loads on the offshore structures during ice field edge fracture
The non-stationary process of ice breaking at the contact of the edge of a drifting ice field (IF) and the sea ice-resistant platform (IRP) can lead to dangerous vibrations and potentially dangerous dynamic loads on this offshore structure. Extreme resonant oscillations of the platform base can cause not only violations of the regular functioning of the object, but also significantly reduce the reliability of the structure and its durability, causing fatigue fracture in the structure of the IRP or its equipment, also such process can change the bearing capacity of the soil under the platform foundation. Dynamic ice destruction is a complex process, and the development of models of this phenomenon requires a well defined methodology and research procedure. The dynamic reaction of the structure on impact of the ice field depends on a combination of many factors: the size and flexibility of the impacted leg of the platform; the ice loading velocity, temperature and physical-mechanical parameters of ice, and others. The object of this research is the physical processes involved in the real system "IF-IRP" - the energy transfer from the moving ice fields to the control volume of ice in the contact area, accumulates the elastic energy received to its critical level in this volume and causes its destruction with a certain frequency. The most important property of the object of study, i.e. the subject of the research, is the mechanism of ice fracture in the zone of interaction of two basic elements of the system: the ice field and IRP. The aim of the study is to identify and describe the regularities of formation of cyclic ice loads on the structureand describe the process, taking into account the phenomenological features of sea ice fracture as a mechanism for converting the kinetic energy of the ice field into the elastic energy spent on to deviations leg of the platform and the energy spent on destructing the ice.


text:
North Atlantic Oscillation and Rainfall Variability in Southeastern Nigeria: A Statistical Analysis of 30 Year Period
Abstract: This study analyzed rainfall variability in Southeast region of Nigeria using graphical models, as well as using statistical approach to investigate any significant relationship between the global North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) Index and the regional rainfall variability in region. The study was conducted in three States of Southeastern Nigeria namely, Abia, Ebonyi and Imo States that lie between Latitudes 40 40' and 80 50'N and Longitudes 60 20' and 80 50'E. Data for the study included 30 years (1988 - 2017) archival time-series monthly rainfall values for the three study States, acquired from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET), offices in the states, and Standardized values of NAOI (North Atlantic Oscillation Index) for the same period, which were collected from a website, on the NOAA Data Center, USA. In the data analyses, the first method was adopted by using graphs to illustrate mean annual rainfall values for thirty years. Coefficient of variability was employed in evaluating the degree of variability of values from the mean rate. The second analysis was accomplished using correlation models to ascertain any relationship between NAOI and rainfall in Southeast Nigeria. The results showed a significant variability of rainfall in the region from January to December (mean monthly) within the study period. A negative correlation value of 0.7525 was obtained from the correlation analysis, showing that the global NAO index and rainfall variability deviate in the opposite direction. Coefficient of multiple determinations (CMD) subsequently showed value of 0.031%, being the variation in rainfall as influenced by the global teleconnectivity, and this means that the NAO index has zero or no influence on rainfall variability in Southeast region of Nigeria.
Keywords: models / Period This study / rainfall variability / monthly / region of Nigeria / Southeast region / variability in Southeast / Coefficient
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Años de experiencia en errores en medicación – Pediatrics
Tenfold Medication Errors: 5 Years' Experience at a University-Affiliated Pediatric Hospital
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Tenfold medication errors are a significant source of risk to pediatric patients. This may be because of wide variations in age, weight, dosing ranges, and off-label practices, but few studies exclusively devoted to examining pediatric 10-fold error have identified the circumstances and mechanisms that lead to such errors. We examined all 10-fold medication errors reported within an academic, university-affiliated pediatric hospital to make recommendations for future initiatives that could improve medication safety in pediatric practice.
METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated all medication-related incident reports submitted to a voluntary safety-reporting database over a 5-year period for reports describing 10-fold medication error. Main outcome measures comprised severity of error, drugs and drug classes involved, 10-fold medication error enablers, mechanisms, and contributing causes.
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Great Introduction to JUnit
How to add shortcut keys for java code in eclipse – Stack Overflow
Say I type "sout", the intellisense should expand it to "System.out.println()". Is there a way to adding such templates?
Source: How to add shortcut keys for java code in eclipse – Stack Overflow
Reverse a String: 4 potential approaches
This is probably one of the most common Java programming interview question and there are at least 4 different approaches that can be taken to tackle it. We will illustrate them by presenting some examples in Java.
1) Use the built-in StringBuffer reverse() method:
public class ReverseStringBuffer
{
 public static void main(String args[])
 {
 String originalString = "MyAwesomeString";
 String reversedString = new StringBuffer(originalString).reverse().toString();
 System.out.println("This is the original String " + originalString +
 "n" + "This is the reversed String " + reversedString);
 }
}
2) Use the built-in StringBuilder reverse() method:
public class ReverseStringBuilder
{
 public static void main(String args[])
 {
 String anotherOriginalString = "AmazingString";
 StringBuilder anotherReversedString =
 new StringBuilder(anotherOriginalString).reverse();
 System.out.println("This is the original String " + anotherOriginalString +
 "n" + "This is the reversed String " + anotherReversedString);
 }
}
3) Convert a String into a Char array and loop through each character.
public class ReverseStringCharArray
{
 public static void main(String args[])
 {
 String myString = "ThisIsMyAwesomeString";
 char[] stringToChar = myString.toCharArray();
 System.out.println(stringToChar.length);
 for(int i = stringToChar.length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 {
 System.out.print(stringToChar[i]);
 }
A similar implementation can be re-written as an utility:

public class ReverseStringCharArray
{
 public static void main(String args[])
 {
 String term = "HappyString";
 //Here we are calling the reverse utility method
 String reversedTerm= reverse(term);
 System.out.println("This is the original String " + term +
 "n" + "This is the reversed String " + reversedTerm);
 }
 public static String reverse(String sourceTerm)
 {
 if(sourceTerm == null || sourceTerm.isEmpty())
 {
 return sourceTerm;
 }
 String reversedString = "";
 for(int i = source.length() -1; i>= 0; i--)
 {
 reversedString = reversedString + source.charAt(i);
 System.out.println("This prints the reversed string " +
 reversedString + " n " +
 " whereas this prints the individual character " + source.charAt(i));
 }
 return reversedString;
 }
}
4) Use recursion to reverse the entered String. This method returns the reverse of the string passed in by appending the first character (sourceTern.charAt(0)) to the remainder of the String itself (str.substring(1)). If the String is less or equal to 1 character, then the recursion is halted.
public class ReverseStringRecursiveMethod
{
 public static void main(String args[])
 {
 String term = "AnotherString";
 //prints the result of the call to the recursive method
 System.out.println(recursiveMethod(term));
 }
 public static String recursiveMethod(String sourceTerm)
 {
 if ( (null == sourceTerm) || (sourceTerm.length() <= 1) )
 {
 return sourceTerm;
 }

 return recursiveMethod(sourceTerm.substring(1)) + sourceTern.charAt(0);
 }
}
Keyboard Shortcuts – RStudio Support
Print this and have it in front of your when using RStudio. It is priceless! Source: Keyboard Shortcuts – RStudio Support
Introduction to Predictive Analytics – YouTube
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FPCCACertificate Object
The FPCCACertificate object holds the root certification authority certificate for HTTPS inspection.
Click here to see the Forefront TMG object hierarchy.
Methods Inherited from FPCPersist
Name Description
CancelWaitForChanges Cancels the registration established by the WaitForChanges method (for use in C and C++ programming only).
CanImport Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether the object's properties can be imported from the specified XML document.
Export Writes the stored values of all of the object's properties to the specified XML document.
ExportToFile Writes the stored values of all of the object's properties to the specified XML file.
GetServiceRestartMask Retrieves a 32-bit bitmask of the FpcServices enumerated type that specifies which services need to be restarted for currently unsaved changes to take effect.
Import Copies the values of all of the object's properties from the specified XML document to persistent storage.
ImportFromFile Copies the values of all of the object's properties from the specified XML file to persistent storage.
LoadDocProperties Provides the XML document's properties so that you can know what information can be imported from the document.
Refresh Reads the values of all of the object's properties from persistent storage, overwriting any changes that have not been saved.
Save Writes the current values of all of the object's properties to persistent storage.
WaitForChanges Registers to wait for an event indicating that the contents of the object have changed (for use in C and C++ programming only).
Properties Inherited from FPCPersist
Name Description
PersistentName Gets the persistent name of the object. The persistent name of an object is a name that is unique for the object at the respective level of the COM object hierarchy.
VendorParameterSets Gets an FPCVendorParametersSets object that can hold sets of custom data for extending the object.
Interfaces for C++ Programming
This object implements the IFPCCACertificate interface.
Requirements
Client Requires Windows Vista or Windows XP.
Server Requires Windows Server 2008.
Version Requires Forefront Threat Management Gateway (TMG).
IDL
Declared in Msfpccom.idl.
See Also
COM Objects
Send comments about this topic to Microsoft
Build date: 11/30/2009
© 2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.


dardeggiare in German
(Italian to German translation)
 1+ w
 1+ w
 1+ w
 1+ w
Synonyms of : dardeggiare
movimento rapido
scagliarsi in avanti
Example sentences of : dardeggiare
Antonyms of : dardeggiare
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text:
||This article includes inline citations, but they are not properly formatted. (April 2013)|
||This article's lead section may not adequately summarize key points of its contents. (February 2013)|
In economics, a positional good is a product or service whose value is at least in part (if not exclusively) a function of its ranking in desirability by others, in comparison to substitutes. The extent to which a good's value depends on such a ranking is referred to as its positionality.
The term was coined by Fred Hirsch in 1976. The broad theme of Hirsch's book, in which he developed his theory of positional goods, was, he told the New York Times, that material growth can "no longer deliver what has long been promised for it - to make everyone middle-class". This important concept explains why, as economic growth improves overall quality of life at any particular level, doing "better" than how your grandparents lived does not translate automatically into doing "well", if there are as many or more people ahead of you in the economic hierarchy. For example, if you are the first in your family to get a college degree, you are doing better. But if you were at the bottom of your class at a weak school, you may find yourself less eligible for a job than your grandfather, who was only a high school graduate. "The value to me of my education - the satisfaction I derive from it - depends upon how much education the man ahead of me in the job line has."
Hirsch's contribution is becoming more notable as the Great Recession multiplies the number of college educated but poorly employed graduates, and probably explains why he would be referenced in a television situation-comedy: "There's an economic concept known as a positional good in which an object is only valued by the possessor because it's not possessed by others. The term was coined in 1976 by economist Fred Hirsch to replace the more colloquial, but less precise neener-neener."
Positional goods often earn economic rents or quasi-rents. Examples of positional goods include high social status, exclusive real estate, a spot in the freshman class of a prestigious university, a reservation at the "hottest" new restaurant, and fame. The measure of satisfaction derived from a positional good depends on how much one has in relation to everyone else.
Competitions for positional goods are zero-sum games because such goods are inherently scarce, at least in the short run. Attempts to acquire them can only benefit one player at the expense of others. By definition, every person cannot be the most educated, the most skilled, or elite, in the same way that every person cannot be a star athlete: all of those terms imply a separation or superiority over other people.
Land (in the economic sense) is similar to positional goods in that it cannot be created, and land rent arises largely because of a parcel's ranking in desirability against other plots. However, land is valued at least in part for its absolute contribution to productivity, which does not derive from its relative ranking. Thus, some economists (such as Hirsch) include 'land' in positional goods, while others (such as Robert H. Frank) only include goods which are valued specifically because of their relative quality.
In general, positional goods cannot be created, only redistributed, while material goods can be created with time and effort. However, most goods have both a positional and a material component. Fast cars may be considered to be inherently scarce because one's perception of a car's speed depends on its relation to other vehicles, but there is still an absolute value attached to satisfaction gained from the speed at which a car can travel; it can be considered as having a positional aspect in that only some cars can be the fastest. Because a car is a complex product made of many other materials, some of which (such as steel) are limited in supply and some which (such as leather) are renewable, they may instead be considered Veblen goods.
Positional externalities
Some economists, such as Robert Frank, argue that positional goods create externalities, or a so-called "arms race" for goods that might boost one's social status relative to others. This phenomenon is clearly wasteful; thus, it is argued, government can improve social welfare by imposing high luxury tax on certain luxury goods to correct for this externality and mitigate the social waste.
However, in some cases it may be less clear that such government intervention is warranted in response to these externalities. For example, government spending may be administered by players are equally motivated by positional goals. Furthermore, in certain cases, such government actions can potentially impede improvements in living standards and innovation. Technological advance itself is possible in part because wealthy individuals are willing to purchase new and untested goods. There is a certain experimentation and risk that accompany luxury goods, and if they are found to be useful they may eventually be mass produced and made affordable to the common person: one era's luxuries are another's commonplace goods. In short, the negative positional externality is often compensated by the public goods of infant industry effects and research and development. Ultimately, any such positive effects of these goods would need to weighed against the negative positional effects to determine the magnitude of any consumption taxes placed on them.
See also
- Fred Hirsch (1977). The Social Limits to Growth, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London. ISBN 0-674-81365-0
- [Fred Hirsch, 46, British Economist; Professor at Warwick] [January 12, 1978]
- [Dilemmas of Liberal Democracies Studies in Fred Hirsch's Social Limits to Growth edited by Adrian Ellis & Krishan Kumar]
- [If everyone stands on tiptoe, no one sees better: Social Limits to Growth Revisited][no page numbers - quoting Hirsch on page 3]
- _URL_ [The Big Bang Theory, Series 3 Episode 15 – The Large Hadron Collision]
- Henry George (1897). The Science of Political Economy.
- Joseph Heath (2002). "Should Productivity Growth be a Social Priority?" Review of Economic Performance and Social Progress, Andrew Sharpe et al., v. 2, pp. 227-42.
- • Robert H. Frank (2008). "consumption externalities," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract.
- _____ (1997). "The Frame of Reference as a Public Good," Economic Journal, 107(445), pp. _PHONE_.
- _____ (2005). "Positional Externalities Cause Large and Preventable Welfare Losses," American Economic Review, 95(2), pp. 137-141 (close Bookmarks tab & press +).
- Massimiliano Vatiero (2009). "Positional Goods: A Diagrammatic Exposition." Abstract and link.
- Andrew Kashdan and Daniel B. Klein (2006). "Assume the Positional: Comment on Robert Frank," Econ Journal Watch, 3(3), pp. 412-34. Abstract.


text:
Lidar and PX4Flow mounting
To mount these parts on the frame you will need:
- A drill with a set of common drill bits (2-4 mm diameter)
- A soldering station with a nice third-hand and some heatshrink
- M3x10 button socket head cap screws (same ones are already used on Iris+) - available for example from here
- M3x0.5 hex nuts, available here
- Electrical or Kapton tape
- A 4-pin DF13 cable
- Remove the top cover of the Iris+. You will need to unplug the RC radio, the magnetometer and maybe a couple of other things. Make sure to note the location of anything you unplug for reassembly later.
- Remove the bottom cover. You will need to unplug the I2C LED and unscrew the USB port
- Put the bottom cover flat. Optionally remove the battery bay door. Place the PX4Flow and the lidar as shown in the picture below. Orient the lidar with its connector facing towards the battery bay door, the PX4Flow with the camera closer to the bay door, and the sonar closer to the camera mount.
- We want to place both sensors on the flatter part of the belly, just before it starts tapering down towards the camera holder:
- The lidar and the PX4Flow camera share two mounting holes. We will drill 6 holes total, following the layout of the sensors:
- We recommend using a small marking bit to mark the location of the holes (you can use tape to hold the sensors in place), and then drilling final holes for M3 screws with a larger drill bit. Here is an illustration of the process; the smaller guide hole is on the bottom, larger final one is on the top:
Drill small hole first, then use a bigger bit
- Now mount the sensors. The screw head will be inside the frame, and the nylon nuts are on the sensors side. You will need to use multiple nuts to give the sensors enough space so they don't touch the plastic directly.
Sensors mounted - view from inside of the frame
- Use a thin slice of tape to cover the screw heads in the inside. There is enough clearance from the capacitors on the ESC board, but we don't want to take any chances here:
Covered screw heads, just in case
- Now we need to add the I2C cable to connect to the PX4Flow. We have to cut a little notch in the top cover so we don't pinch the cables:
Cut a small notch for the cables
Detail of the same
- Now it is a good time to solder the lidar cable. Get the lidar cable and a 4-pin DF13 I2C cable. Cut the I2C cable in half, since we will need to solder it to the lidar cable. We need to connect:
- Lidar red -> PX4 red (VCC)
- Lidar black -> PX4 pin#4, furthest away from the red (GND)
- Lidar Green -> PX4 pin#2 next to the red (SCL)
- Lidar Blue -> PX4 pin#3 (the last one free) (SDA)
The third hand comes in handy here. Use some heatshrink to protect the solder joints. Once you have the cable ready, connect it to the lidar on one side and to the I2C splitter on the other. Below are the pinouts:
Lidar lite wiring harness
Pixhawk I2C connector (for reference)
- Finally, don't forget to twist all the cables to cut down on unwanted noise.
Twisted i2c cable
And that is it!
If your lidar doesn't initialize properly at each power-up, you might need to add a large capacitor ~1000uF at the power rails (as described in Sparkfun discussion):