Internet Explorer and Connection Limits
From time to time, I've heard the question: "Why can IE only download two files from the same site simultaneously?"
Some more savvy users observe that this limitation probably makes sense in dialup cases where bandwidth is constrained or when lots of small files are being downloaded, since the TCP/IP slow start algorithm comes into play.
But for those of us lucky enough to be on broadband, this limitation can be annoying. If I want to download a large number of large files, I have to sit around and wait for them to complete, two-by-two. Why does IE behave this way while some other browsers do not?
It turns out that this is a case where IE strictly follows the standards-- in this case, RFC2616, which covers HTTP1.1. As noted in the RFC:
Clients that use persistent connections SHOULD limit the number of simultaneous connections that they maintain to a given server. A single-user client SHOULD NOT maintain more than 2 connections with any server or proxy.
Saavy web developers can take this connection limit into account and deliver their data from multiple domains, since the browser will open up to two connections per domain. You can see this trick on pages like Office Online Templates using Microsoft Fiddler or another network monitoring tool. In this case, two domains (office.microsoft.com and i.office.microsoft.com) split the load, permitting up to four simultaneous connections.
If you'd like to experiment with higher connection limits inside IE, have a look at _URL_ Note that changing this setting violates HTTP RFCs, and hence might impact compatibility with servers and proxies.
-EricLaw
PS: Another web-performance tip: When generating hyperlinks, always include a trailing slash if possible. For instance, navigating to _URL_ takes one more roundtrip than _URL_ When the browser navigates to the /ie url, the server merely sends down a 301 to the /ie/ url. Both links work, but the second version is faster.
Updated title - 4/12/05
Comments (87)
 1. Anonymous says:
 IE strictly follows standards?
 🙂
 2. Anonymous says:
 But IE doesn't support HTTP pipelining, and this limit was chosen with fully-featured HTTP/1.1 clients in mind.
 HTTP/1.1 lacking support for pipelining is even slower than HTTP/1.0 (_URL_
 3. Anonymous says:
 So, this behaviour has significant impact to end user experience. And you chose to follow standards? Another amazing surprise from Microsoft.
 4. Edge says:
 Eric:
 If you read RFC 2119 (_URL_ you'll notice the following definitions for "SHOULD" and "SHOULD NOT"–
 3. SHOULD This word, or the adjective "RECOMMENDED", mean that there
 may exist valid reasons in particular circumstances to ignore a
 particular item, but the full implications must be understood and
 carefully weighed before choosing a different course.
 4. SHOULD NOT This phrase, or the phrase "NOT RECOMMENDED" mean that
 there may exist valid reasons in particular circumstances when the
 particular behavior is acceptable or even useful, but the full
 implications should be understood and the case carefully weighed
 before implementing any behavior described with this label.
 If you allowed more than 2 transfers at once you would *not* be violating the RFC. If, on the other hand, the RFC had used the words "MUST" and "MUST NOT", I'd agree with you. 😉
 5. Anonymous says:
 "Should" is incompatible with the word "strictly."
 This article lowers the credibility of the IE team even further.
 6. Anonymous says:
 So IE follows standards when it suites them, but not other times? Is this the reason why you can not have two downloads at a time, or is this a timely excuse to not allowing this. Most standards set forth are ignored and broken by Microsoft, and you expect us to believe that Microsoft strictly follows standards in this case? I think this is an excuse to why this is not allowed, probably in a cheap attempt to plug up some security whole found in IE.
 7. Anonymous says:
 Yikes!
 Guys, I think you should all get together in Redmond and standardize the way you read standards!
 As others have pointed out, "SHOULD" is a recommendation, "MUST" is the explicit guideline.
 But I'll give you credit, you erred on the side of the standard here, which is something you should push forward into more areas for IE7.
 8. Anonymous says:
 As far as I know, the simultanous connection limit in the RFC has been chosen to prevent DOS attacks. Imagine what happens when a client is given the oportunity to open a huge amount of connections in the same time. Correct me if I am wrong here.
 9. Anonymous says:
 From RFC2616:
 "one that satisfies all the MUST level requirements but not all the SHOULD level requirements for its protocols is said to be "conditionally compliant."
 So, are those other browsers properly representing themselves as "conditionally compliant" to HTTP specifications?
 10. Anonymous says:
 Stop bitching everyone :p
 IE has followed the guidelines. Whether it's a SHOULD or MUST, that's always a good thing.
 11. Anonymous says:
 Until I've read this article I thought this limitation is a webserver limitation. Didn't test it too much (may be a server limitation on the site I've tried) but Firefox has the same limitation (at least the default installation I'm using).
 Now: I'm not a Microsoft fan, I haven't used IE for anything else then testing in the past year or so, but replies like this:
 > This article lowers the credibility of the IE team even further.
 ….
 I'm speechless
 12. Anonymous says:
 All this goes to prove that, as far as Microsoft are concerned, "You're damned if you do, damned if you don't". They don't follow standards, they get flamed. They do follow standards, they get flamed. What's interesting is that a lot of people who want IE to follow standards REALLY mean that they want IE to follow standards UNLESS it's a 'nicer' experience to go against the recommendations. FWIW, I use Firefox and IE on different machines and my only complaint of IE is it's lack of tabs.
 13. DaveP: SHOULD isn't a recommendation. You're mixing IETF-standards lingo and English.
 A "SHOULD" is really: "You REALLY, REALLY, REALLY have to have a really good reason for violationg this clause".
 And making users downloads faster isn't a really, really, really good reason.
 Protocol standards (like HTTP) are a lot more persnikity than rendering standards (like SGML/HTML) – the consequences of violating HTTP protocol standards are far more severe.
 That's why the default is to abide by the standard.
 14. Anonymous says:
 > What's interesting is that a lot of people who want IE to follow standards REALLY mean that they want IE to follow standards UNLESS it's a 'nicer' experience to go against the recommendations.
 What on earth are you talking about? Nobody is saying that Microsoft should ignore this part of the specification.
 15. Anonymous says:
 Pornel had it right, just as one "should" only allow 2 simutanious connections…
 "HTTP implementations SHOULD implement persistent connections."
 MS can't claim that they do something to "follow the standard" when they don't follow important portions of it. This would be like claiming they support PNG when they don't support 32b PNG transparency.
 16. Anonymous says:
 <<"HTTP implementations SHOULD implement persistent connections." >>
 … And Internet Explorer does implement persistent connections. What are you getting at?
 17. Anonymous says:
 What annoys me about IE is how the 2 connection restriction applies even when a Connection: Close header is sent.
 For example, suppose I am downloading two large files from a site. Both of the connections have a Connection: Close header, but IE refuses to load any other pages from the site for the duration of the downloads. This is very confusing for users as the site appears to have gone down, and it's pretty annoying to have to use a separate host or port number to work around this. It also causes even more trouble while writing software that uses XMLHttpRequest because javascript only allows those requests to target the same server that generated the page.
 My interpretation of the passage in RFC 2616 is this: "A client should never have more than 2 connections which are not currently in the middle of a request (connections that are persisting) to a single server."
 18. Edge says:
 @LarryOsterman:
 << A "SHOULD" is really: "You REALLY, REALLY, REALLY have to have a really good reason for violationg this clause". >>
 You're using your own definition of what "SHOULD" and "SHOULD NOT" infer. RFC 2119 (_URL_ spells out what those mean, and it doesn't say "You REALLY, REALLY, REALLY have to have a really good reason for violating this clause". It only says the reasons for violating the clause must be understood/considered. In other words: it is *not* a requirement in order to be in compliance with the RFC.
 19. Anonymous says:
 But why do people that post comments are always against IE ?
 I'm a webmaster among many others, dealing with 70'000 people a day. I


text:
The Angra dos Reis meteorite is the type specimen of the angrite group. It was observed when it fell to earth in 1869.
 Discovery and naming
The meteorite is named after Angra dos Reis, a municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It fell on 20 January 1869 into the bay where the water was about 2 m deep. Two fragments were found by a diver the next day.
Although it is the type specimen of the angrites, Angra dos Reis is actually very different to most angrites. It is almost completely made from a rare form of pyroxene called fassaite. This makes the it more like a pyroxenite, than the typical angrite which is similar to a basalt. The only other meteorite samples that contain fassaite are the Calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions found in the Allende meteorite. The reason for this exotic composition is thought to be partial melting of a chondritic precursor under redox conditions in which meteoric iron is unstable.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
As I described in my previous post, I have had some company in the lab lately (and I don't mean the mummies – I'm sorry, but I don't consider them to be company, exactly!) – several of our conservation interns have spent some time up here making impressions of scarab amulets from our collection.
The purpose of making these impressions is so that our curators can use them as "dummy" artifacts for teaching students how to read the inscriptions, as they would in the field. Again, see my previous post for more info on that.
Why have conservation interns work on this project? Well, it's a job that requires someone to examine an artifact, assess its condition, and then prepare and handle it without risk to the artifact-all skills that are important in conservation!
We have hundreds of these amulets in our collection, many of them with inscriptions on one, and sometimes both, sides. To make impressions of these inscriptions, we've chosen to use Sculpey, a polymer clay that, once shaped to form, is then baked in the oven to harden. Sculpey works well because it is soft enough to form quickly around artifacts in good condition, so requires very minimal contact time, it's easy to work with and widely available, and it doesn't require very high temperatures nor very much time in the oven to set. Furthermore, it doesn't shrink much upon setting, which is important since we're capturing fine details in the amulets.
To start, Sculpey of the desired color is chosen (with input from our curators, we chose "Hazelnut" since it looks a lot like mud). A chunk is removed from the package and by rolling it between our hands, it is warmed and softened slightly, and then rolled out to the desired thickness using a rolling pin (a pasta machine works well too!).
Before taking an impression, the amulet is first examined, often under the binocular microscope. It is important to examine each one – first, to inspect the inscription for signs of dirt or other concreted products which would prevent a good impression from being taken, and most importantly, to ensure that the amulet is in good enough condition to be pressed into the Sculpey. Amulets with cracks or flaking surfaces may need to be stabilized prior to taking an impression, or they may be deemed too fragile altogether. If there is dirt built up in areas on the amulet, it should be removed before taking the impression.
After examining the amulet, the surface is coated by brush with a thin layer of talc-the talc acts as a separator, and will prevent the amulet from sticking to the Sculpey.
The talc-coated amulet is then pressed gently and evenly into the Sculpey and then removed.
The Sculpey can be cut around the impression to the desired shape, and the talc can be brushed off the impression, and the amulet, with a soft brush. Any excess talc on the surface of the amulet can be removed by swabbing gently with ethanol.
Once a batch of impressions are made, they are placed in a glass pan and popped in the oven according to the Sculpey baking instructions. After they're set, they are done, and ready for use in the classroom!
As I said, we are grateful to our conservation interns for helping us with this project. Earlier this week, our very first Artifact Lab-dedicated conservation intern started working with us, and I have a feeling that you'll be hearing more about, and from, her in the upcoming weeks.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Scientific Name: Bromis inermis
Description. Smooth Brome is a perennial grass native to Europe that was introduced to the United States in the late 1800's. It is 1-3 feet tall and produces large seeds, 1/4″ long. Smooth brome looks very similar to a native brome. However, the native brome grows in small bunches, whereas smooth brome grows in large homogenous monocultures. Smooth brome is a deeply rooted grass that prefers sunny open areas. Smooth Brome grows well in cold climates and is fairly drought resistant. Smooth brome establishes in disturbed areas, especially roadsides. Once it has a foothold, it will spread into native plant communities and form very large monocultures. It outcompetes native wildflowers over time. While few land managers attempt to control this grass, it is a problem in native wildflower meadows. We encourage the public to keep an eye out for this plant in grass seed mixes and preferentially purchase mixes that do NOT include smooth brome.
Methods that work.
1. Black Plastic. At RMBL, we cover smooth brome patches with plastic for two growing seasons, remove the plastic and reseed with native seeds. The area returns to native vegetation the following summer. The plastic can be unsightly, but mulch or wood shavings could be put on top of the plastic to hide it.
2. Mowing. If this grass is growing in a lawn that gets mowed, it isn't going to produce seeds and spread. It's harmless in a lawn.
Methods that might work.
1. Grazing. Cattle like to eat all sorts of grasses, including smooth brome. Anecdotal observations suggest that cattle grazing might control the grass, allowing native wildflowers to persist.


text:
The Cannon Beach History Center & Museum is proud to welcome Michael Turner from GeerCrest Farm & Historical Society. Turner will be presenting his first full-length biography, The Life of Vesper Geer. This award winning biography tells the story of a woman's enduring love for her small farm.
The biography is made up of archival materials from the GeerCrest Historical Society. The Historical Society was established in 2007 to preserve and protect the history of the Geer family for descendants and Oregonians alike. The film follows the life of Vesper Geer and her family. Vesper was a fourth generation owner of the Geer Farmstead.
The tale of the Geer family is one of some of the first Oregon pioneers. The Geer Farmstead was the second deed land claim made in Oregon. The Geer home was constructed in 1848 and is the oldest frame-built house in Oregon to remain in the same family. Turner passionately tells the story of Vesper who was born in her family home in 1917 and then died there in 2010. The film recently premiered at the 2012 Oregon Heritage Conference in Salem. It also won best documentary at the Teeny Tiny Film Festival in 2012.
Stan Hall of The Oregonian says this about the film, "For aficionados of Oregon history, Michael Turner's documentary is pure manna. For everyone else, it's still a beautifully conceived and executed Ken Burns – style tribute to continuity and preservation." Hall also adds, "The Geer family story is in many respects the story of Oregon itself." – July 2012
Don't miss a unique opportunity to see the film and speak with the filmmaker! The official film trailer can be viewed at: _URL_
This is a FREE event and is open to the public. The event will begin at 7 p.m. on Thursday October 11th, 2012.
This event is sponsored by the Lands End at Cannon Beach.


to configure the boot order:
 1. Restart your computer if it is not already powered off.
 2. Enter the BIOS or UEFI settings of your computer. The key to access these settings varies depending on your computer's manufacturer, but it is often Delete, F2, or F10. Consult your computer's documentation for the correct key.
 3. Navigate to the "Boot" or "Boot Order" section in the BIOS or UEFI settings.
 4. Move the external hard drive to the top of the boot order list. This ensures that the computer tries to boot from the external hard drive before any other devices.
 5. Save the changes and exit the BIOS or UEFI settings. This usually involves pressing F10 or selecting an option to save and exit.
 6. Restart your computer to apply the changes.
By configuring the boot order, you are telling your computer to prioritize booting from the external hard drive when it starts up. This ensures that Ubuntu on the external hard drive is automatically booted into without the need to manually select the device each time.
Note that the exact steps to configure the boot order may vary depending on your computer's manufacturer and BIOS or UEFI version. Make sure to carefully follow the instructions provided in your computer's documentation or on-screen prompts.
With the boot order configured, you can now proceed to the final step and boot Ubuntu from the external hard drive.

Step 5: Boot Ubuntu from External Hard Drive
Now that you have installed Ubuntu on your external hard drive and configured the boot order, you can easily boot into Ubuntu whenever you want. Follow the steps below to boot Ubuntu from the external hard drive:
 1. Ensure that your computer is powered off.
 2. Connect the external hard drive to your computer via the appropriate cable.
 3. Power on your computer.
 4. Your computer should automatically detect and boot from the external hard drive.
 5. If your computer does not boot from the external hard drive automatically, restart your computer and enter the boot menu.
 6. In the boot menu, select the external hard drive as the device to boot from.
 7. Your computer will now boot into Ubuntu from the external hard drive.
Once Ubuntu is booted, you can enjoy all the features and functionalities of the operating system. You can access your files, install applications, customize your desktop, and explore the vast Ubuntu ecosystem.
Remember that when using Ubuntu from the external hard drive, any changes you make to the system or any files you create or modify will be saved on the external hard drive rather than the computer's internal storage. This allows you to maintain a portable and independent Ubuntu environment.
If you encounter any issues or need to troubleshoot your Ubuntu installation, refer to the Ubuntu documentation or online forums for assistance. There is a wealth of information and resources available from the Ubuntu community to help you resolve any problems you may come across.
With Ubuntu successfully running from your external hard drive, you are now ready to experience the power and flexibility of this popular Linux distribution on any computer you connect your external hard drive to.

Conclusion
Running Ubuntu on an external hard drive provides the flexibility of using a portable and customizable operating system. Throughout this guide, we have covered the necessary steps to install and run Ubuntu on an external hard drive. By partitioning the external hard drive, creating a bootable USB, installing Ubuntu onto the external hard drive, configuring the boot order, and booting into Ubuntu from the external hard drive, you can enjoy the full functionality of Ubuntu on any computer that supports USB booting.
It's important to note that running Ubuntu from an external hard drive may result in slightly slower performance compared to running it from an internal drive. However, with modern USB 3.0 or Thunderbolt connections, the impact on performance can be minimized.
Remember to back up your important data before proceeding with the installation and exercise caution throughout the process. It's also beneficial to have a basic understanding of Ubuntu and its system settings to maximize your experience and troubleshoot any potential issues.
By following the steps outlined in this guide, you can leverage the power of Ubuntu while maintaining the portability and convenience of an external hard drive. Whether you are testing software, accessing your files on various computers, or simply exploring the world of Linux, running Ubuntu on an external hard drive offers a convenient solution.
With Ubuntu installed on your external hard drive, you can take your customized operating system with you wherever you go. Enjoy the freedom of Ubuntu on any compatible computer, without making permanent changes to your system. Take advantage of the vast array of applications, customization options, and the supportive Ubuntu community.
Now that you have successfully installed and configured Ubuntu on your external hard drive, it's time to start exploring, learning, and enjoying the world of Ubuntu!
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text:
|a fool or simpleton; ninny.|
|a chattering or flighty, light-headed person.|
|1.||Also called: numerically identical being one and the same individual: Cicero and Tully are identical|
|2.||Also called: quantitatively identical exactly alike, equal, or agreeing|
|3.||Compare fraternal designating either or both of a pair of twins of the same sex who developed from a single fertilized ovum that split into two|
|[C17: from Medieval Latin identicus, from Latin idem the same]|
identical i·den·ti·cal (ī-děn'tĭ-kəl)
Exactly equal and alike.
Of or relating to a twin or twins developed from the same fertilized ovum and having the same genetic makeup and closely similar appearance; monozygotic.


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MathScript Syntax Suitable for Real-Time Applications (MathScript RT Module)
LabVIEW 2012 MathScript RT Module Help
Edition Date: June 2012
Part Number: 373123C-01
»View Product Info
Download Help (Windows Only)
National Instruments has tested a subset of syntax possible in LabVIEW MathScript and found that this syntax typically executes in a bounded amount of time when used according to the examples and requirements in this topic and certain other guidelines. When determinism in your application is important, use this syntax to write scripts and user-defined functions for use in MathScript Nodes that you deploy in a real-time application.
General Operations
The following table provides recommended syntax for commonly used operations in MathScript.
Construct Grammar Requirements Example
Binary Operations a operator b operator is a numeric operator, such as +, -, .*, ./, .\, .^, <=, >=, <, >, ==, and ~=.
a and b are vectors of the same orientation and number of elements, or matrices of the same dimensions. Or, if one input is a scalar, the other input is a scalar, vector, or matrix.
a and b must be numeric data types only.
[1, 2] + [3, 4];
a operator b operator is a logical operator, such as ==, ~=, &&, ||, &, and |.
a and b are vectors of the same orientation and number of elements, or matrices of the same dimensions. Or, if one input is a scalar, the other input is a scalar, vector, or matrix.
a and b must be Boolean values only.
[2, 3; 2, 2] ~= [3, 3; 2, 3];
a * b a and b must be double-precision, floating-point numeric or complex double-precision, floating-point numeric values. One input is a scalar or vector and the other input is a scalar, vector, or matrix. 2 * [2; 3];
One input is an n-by-m matrix and the other input is an m-by-1 column vector. [1, 4; 2, 3; 0, 3] * [1; 2];
One input is a 1-by-n row vector and the other input is an n-by-m matrix. [1, 2] * [1, 3, 5; 2, 4, 6];
One input is an m-by-n matrix and the other input is an n-by-r matrix [0, 2; -1, 6; 3, 1; -2, 5] * [1, 3, 5; 2, 4, 6];
Unary Operations -a, ~a, a', a.' a is a scalar, vector, or matrix value.
For -a, a must be a numeric value or values. For ~a, a must be a Boolean value or values. For a' and a.', a must be either a Boolean or numeric value or values.
[1, 2]';
~[1, 0; 0, 1];
Constant Values constant constant is a MathScript function that produces constants, such as zeros, ones, true, false, and functions of the constants class. pi;
constant(n) n is a constant integer number and constant is a MathScript function that produces constants. a = true(3);
constant(n, m) n and m are constant integer numbers and constant is a MathScript function that produces constants. z = zeros(2, 3);
Literals literal literal is a string constant or a constant of any numeric data type. a = 4;
b = 'string';
Matrix Definition [a1, a2, ..., an] Values of a must be scalar values of any numeric data type, or constants such as NaN or Inf. If a is a vector or matrix, index scalar values from a for use in the matrix. a = [1, 2, 0];
b = [0; Inf];
Values of a must be scalar values of any numeric data type, or constants such as NaN or Inf. a = [1, 2, 0; 6, 1.5, 3];
Range Definition start:stop start and stop are constant scalar numbers of either integer or floating-point data types, or non-constant integer or floating-point numbers with the length of start:stop fixed over successive executions of the line of script. b = 2:20;
start:step:stop start, step, and stop are constant scalar numbers of either integer or floating-point data types, or non-constant integer or floating-point numbers with the length of (start:step:stop) fixed over successive executions of the line of script. b = 2:2:20;
Loops and Statements
The following table provides recommended syntax for loops and statements you can use in MathScript.
Construct Grammar Requirements Example
For Loop for iter = expression
statement_list
end
statement_list and expression, if applicable, are composed of operations, syntax, or built-in functions recommended by National Instruments in this topic and as described in other guidelines. expression must result in a scalar, vector, or matrix of numeric or Boolean values. for i = [3, 6, 9]
 a = sin(2*pi*i/10);
end
for iter = start:stop
statement_list
end
start and stop are scalar numbers of either integer or floating-point data types. for i = 1:10
 a = sin(2*pi*i/10);
end
for iter = start:step:stop
statement_list
end
start, step, and stop are scalar numbers of either integer or floating-point data types. for i = 1:2:10
 a = sin(2*pi*i/10);
end
If-Else Statement if expression
statement_list
[elseif expression
statement-list]
...
[else
statement_list]
end
expression must result in a scalar Boolean value. if b == 1
 c = 3;
else
 c = 4;
end
While Loop while expression
statement_list
end
expression must result in a scalar Boolean value. while i < 10
 a = cos(2*pi*i/10);
 i = i + 1;
end
Matrix Operations
The following table provides recommended syntax for indexing and replacing values in vectors and matrices, where values in italics indicate syntax for replacement operations only. Always specify indexes as 32-bit signed integers. When you specify a start:stop range, explicitly define the range rather than defining the range and assigning the value to a variable on a separate line of the script.
Vectors and matrices in MathScript are one-based, not zero-based as in LabVIEW. Therefore, the index of the first element in a vector or matrix is one. Also, when you specify a single index for a matrix element rather than both a row and column index, the elements are ordered linearly and column-wise. For example, given a 2-by-2 matrix, the index of the element in the first row and second column is 3.
Operation Grammar Example
Return or replace a single element in a vector vector(index) = scalar Return the second element of b:
b = [4, -7, 0];
b(2);
Return or replace a range of elements in a vector vector(start_index:stop_index) = vector Replace the second and third elements of b:
a = zeros(1, 2);
b = ones(1, 4);
b(2:3) = a;
Return a column vector of all elements in a row vector vector(:) a = ones(1, 4);
a(:);
Return a single element in a matrix matrix(index) Return the element in the second column and first row of b:
b = [4, -2; 9, 5];
b(3);
Return or replace a single element in a matrix matrix(column_index, row_index) = scalar Replace the element in the second column and second row of b:
a = 0;
b = ones(2);
b(2, 2) = a;
Return or replace a single column in a matrix matrix(:, column_index) = vector Return the second column of b:
b = ones(2);
b(:, 2);
Return or replace a single row in a matrix matrix(row_index, :) = vector Replace the second row of b:
a = zeros(1, 2);
b = ones(2);
b(2, :) = a;
Return a range of elements in a matrix matrix(start_index:stop_index) Return the third through fifth elements of b:
b = [3, 7, -1; 4, 5, 0];
b(3:5);
Return a range of elements in a matrix column matrix(start_index:stop_index, column_index) Return the second through fourth elements of the second column in b:
b = [3, 7; -1, 4; 4, 5; 0, 9];
a = b(2:4, 2);
Return a range of elements in a matrix row matrix(row_index, start_index:stop_index) Return the second through fourth elements of the second row


For Rule Sort, choose Schedule.
 5. Select Subsequent.
 sp-schedule-step-5
 6. For Schedule sample, choose A schedule that runs at an everyday charge, equivalent to each 10 minutes.
 7. For Price expression, enter Worth as 5 and select Unit as Minutes.
 8. Select Subsequent.
 sp-schedule-step-8
 9. For Goal varieties, select AWS service.
 10. For Choose a Goal, select Redshift cluster.
 11. For Cluster, select the Amazon Redshift cluster identifier.
 12. For Database title, select dev.
 13. For Database consumer, enter a consumer title with entry to run the saved process. It makes use of non permanent credentials to authenticate.
 14. Optionally, you may also use AWS Secrets and techniques Supervisor for authentication.
 15. For SQL assertion, enter CALL merge_customer().
 16. For Execution function, choose Create a brand new function for this particular useful resource.
 17. Select Subsequent.
 sp-schedule-step-17
 18. Evaluate the rule parameters and select Create rule.
After the rule has been created, it robotically triggers the saved process in Amazon Redshift each 5 minutes to merge the CDC information into the goal desk.
Configure Amazon Redshift to share the recognized information with AWS Knowledge Change
Now that you've got the info saved inside Amazon Redshift, you may publish it to clients utilizing AWS Knowledge Change.
 1. In Amazon Redshift, utilizing any question editor, create the info share and add the tables to be shared:
 CREATE DATASHARE salesshare MANAGEDBY ADX;
 ALTER DATASHARE salesshare ADD SCHEMA tpch_sf1;
 ALTER DATASHARE salesshare ADD TABLE tpch_sf1.buyer;
 ADX-step1
 2. On the AWS Knowledge Change console, create your dataset.
 3. Choose Amazon Redshift datashare.
 ADX-step3-create-datashare
 4. Create a revision within the dataset.
 ADX-step4-create-revision
 5. Add property to the revision (on this case, the Amazon Redshift information share).
 ADX-addassets
 6. Finalize the revision.
 ADX-step-6-finalizerevision
After you create the dataset, you may publish it to the general public catalog or on to clients as a personal product. For directions on easy methods to create and publish merchandise, consult with NEW – AWS Knowledge Change for Amazon Redshift
Clear up
To keep away from incurring future fees, full the next steps:
 1. Delete the CloudFormation stack used to create the Redshift Auto Loader.
 2. Delete the Amazon Redshift cluster created for this demonstration.
 3. When you have been utilizing an current cluster, drop the created exterior desk and exterior schema.
 4. Delete the S3 bucket you created.
 5. Delete the Snowflake objects you created.
Conclusion
On this publish, we demonstrated how one can arrange a completely built-in course of that repeatedly replicates information from Snowflake to Amazon Redshift after which makes use of Amazon Redshift to supply information to downstream purchasers over AWS Knowledge Change. You need to use the identical structure for different functions, equivalent to sharing information with different Amazon Redshift clusters throughout the similar account, cross-accounts, and even cross-Areas if wanted.
Concerning the Authors
Raks KhareRaks Khare is an Analytics Specialist Options Architect at AWS primarily based out of Pennsylvania. He helps clients architect information analytics options at scale on the AWS platform.
Ekta Ahuja is a Senior Analytics Specialist Options Architect at AWS. She is obsessed with serving to clients construct scalable and sturdy information and analytics options. Earlier than AWS, she labored in a number of completely different information engineering and analytics roles. Exterior of labor, she enjoys baking, touring, and board video games.
Tahir Aziz is an Analytics Answer Architect at AWS. He has labored with constructing information warehouses and large information options for over 13 years. He loves to assist clients design end-to-end analytics options on AWS. Exterior of labor, he enjoys touring
and cooking.
Ahmed Shehata is a Senior Analytics Specialist Options Architect at AWS primarily based on Toronto. He has greater than twenty years of expertise serving to clients modernize their information platforms, Ahmed is obsessed with serving to clients construct environment friendly, performant and scalable Analytic options.
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text:
Committee ChairKemeny, John
MetadataShow full item record
PublisherThe University of Arizona.
RightsCopyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
AbstractA bentonite grouting technology has been developed to meet the requirements of fracture sealing for nuclear waste isolation and environmental engineering. The work reported presents an experimental evaluation of the performance of the bentonite fracture sealing in densely welded tuff. Included are the study of grout stability and resistance to erosion, theoretical and numerical analyses of the grout penetration process, pressure distribution in the fracture during grouting, grout delivery distance, breakthrough pressure and rheological characterization. Bentonite suspensions with solids content of 18, 20 and 22% by weight have been injected into single fractures in rock samples at 0.07 to 3.45 MPa pressure. Bentonite grouting reduces the fracture hydraulic conductivity by 7 to 9 orders in magnitude, to the level of 10⁻⁷ to 10⁻⁹ cm/s. Grout stability and erosion have been studied with long-term flow testing at up to 121 kPa hydraulic pressure. After 1,000 to 5,000 hours of flow testing, at pressure gradients of up to 91 cm/cm, the hydraulic conductivity of the grouted fracture does not increase with test time. The hydraulic conductivity of the grouted fracture decreases with increasing pressure gradient up to the wash-out pressure. Analytical solutions have been derived for pressure distribution during grouting in wedge shaped fractures and in fractures with constant aperture. Influence factors on pressure distribution in a fracture have been identified. They are yield stress, fracture shape, original aperture, deformation properties of the rock mass and the fracture, mixing of air in a grout and sample size. A mathematical solution of grout delivery distance under a given injection pressure has been developed. The breakthrough pressure has been studied, based on the mechanical deformation of the fracture applied by a normal stress across the fracture and by the grout pressure within the fracture during grouting. Results indicate that bentonite grouting is a promising fracture sealing technology. Bentonite grout has great hydraulic conductivity reduction and chemical physical stability. Some disadvantages of bentonite grout have been identified, such as the formation of hydraulic fractures in the grout and the washing away of grout particles when the applied pressure gradient is high enough.
Degree ProgramMining and Geological Engineering


text:
My intention is to hold up these objects without qualifying them as historical reenactments or accurate reconstructions, or as some document or proof of anything, but to hold them up to start to resonate with that nail that still sits inside people, that moment from the Cold War that is still sitting very deep inside people - Stephen Felmingham
The Violet Club is a body of work by Stephen Felmingham, made in response to the Cold War bunkers of the Royal Observer Corps that still exist, abandoned, across the UK. Using the possibilities of drawing as a 'sensitive detector', he sets out to investigate the trauma of the generation that lived through this most dangerous period in history.
The bunkers have been an enigmatic presence in the landscape for Stephen since childhood and now, as an artist, they have provided him with objects and contexts for drawing. They also act as conceptual 'laboratories' for experiments into the subtle field of perceptions that form his work.
This show is the first in a season of drawing exhibitions at Plymouth College of Art, and the work in The Violet Club continues Stephen's exploration of the abilities of drawing to hold cultural memory and anxieties.


text:
State lawmakers worried about how long it is taking to assemble a state budget should take heart. Sometimes good legislation takes time.
For instance, it took close to 200 million years, but last week the Dilophosaurus was finally named Connecticut's official state dinosaur. Fossilized remains of what is believed to be a Dilophosaurus were found in the 1960's in Rocky Hill leading to the creation of what is now known as Dinosaur State Park.
And now you know, the rest of the story.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
1. History and use
This plant is used all over Africa in skin conditions and on the other hand it is used internally as a purgative. These are the leaves that are used in applications either as such or after being ground.
2. Description of the plant
It is a shrub 2 to 3 meters high, the leaves are large, pinnate compound, the flowers are very ornamental yellow and the fruits are straight pods up to 25 cm long.
3. Curative action
The antibacterial and antifungal action of the leaves of Cassia alata was very well studied by FUZELLIER in his thesis in 1983. The active ingredients are glycosides whose sugar is glucose and the genomes of the anthracene derivatives on staphylococcus, which is the most frequently encountered germ in infected wounds, has been verified, antifungal action exists on all dermatophytes but not on yeasts.
- Dermatosis – Mycoses
The best way is to use the juice of fresh leaves obtained after grinding directly on the lesions. An ointment containing 10% of an extract of the plant by alcohol 50 ° can be easily prepared by the pharmacist and gives very good results on all fungi and moths.


text: Measuring long-term care (LTC) outcomes is challenging – not only conceptually but also in terms of implementation. The aim of this presentation is to discuss three examples for LTC outcome measurement based on ASCOT in Austria. The first example will deal with the Home Visit and Counselling Programme run by the Austrian Ministry of Social Affairs. It will show how outcomes for a very large number of care recipients can be assessed by a mix of methods and what needs to be considered to obtain reliable results. The second example illustrates how LTC outcomes are used for supervising home care service provision in Vienna. Finally, a qualitative study of outcomes in day care centres in Vienna demonstrates that it is more than just being in company or occupied that people could gain from such services. Taken together these three examples provide insights into processes and results of LTC outcome measurement and discuss further options for development and implementation.


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Why do almost 40,000 people attempt to climb the world's highest free standing mountain Kilimanjaro each year?
Here are ten good reasons to climb Kilimanjaro:
1. Technically Kilimanjaro is the easiest mountain of The Seven Summits to climb. The Seven Summits are the highest peak on each of the seven continents. You do not need previous experience of mountain climbing or any special technical skills. The youngest person to have reached the summit was six years old, and the oldest was aged 84 years and 71 days. This does not mean that it is safe to climb Kilimanjaro. On average 10 people lose their lives every year trying to reach the top, primarily due to altitude sickness. In September 2010, the 22 year old Spaniard Kilian Jornet set the record for the fastest ascent. He spent 5 hours, 23 minutes and 50 seconds to reach the summit.
2. Kilimanjaro is geographically remote, yet easy to reach. The mountain is located in Tanzania, just South of the Equator. You can fly non-stop from Europe to Kilimanjaro Airport, near the town of Moshi. There is only one hour time difference between mainland Europe and Tanzania.
3. Kilimanjaro is a designated national park and all tour operators that arrange trips to the mountain are subject to strict rules and regulations to keep the nature clean and protect the sensitive flora and fauna. It is a requirement that all waste should be taken down from the mountain. There are seven different routes to the top, but despite the high number of people on the mountain every year, the National Park has managed to preserve the beautiful wild nature.
4. Kilimanjaro is one of the greatest natural wonders of the world. A snow-capped mountain, close to the Equator, with lush green forests, surrounded by dry savannah. An ascent of Kilimanjaro takes you through all climate zones from tropical to alpine climate in a week, showcasing dramatic changes in vegetation from day to day. Kilimanjaro is also an "Island in the Sky".
The remoteness of the mountain has fostered a breeding ground for strange and unique life forms that are found only a few other places on the planet, such as the unique elephant flower and the bizarre Kilimanjaro tree.
5. Kilimanjaro is a study in climate change. In his book "An Inconvenient Truth" Al Gore showed pictures of the rapidly shrinking glacier on the peak of Kilimanjaro. Experts have calculated the glacier to be about 11,700 years old, but unfortunately it is expected to melt away over the next 20-30 years. A team of researchers is constantly monitoring the ice melt, to better understand how climate changes are affecting our planet.
6. The high number of tourists that are trying their luck on Kilimanjaro every year, contribute to a thriving local economy. On an annual basis the tourists generate about 20 million US$ for the local community. Tourism provides many local jobs and the money ends up in the pockets of guides, porters, kitchen helpers, hotel staff, local food producers, merchants, equipment shops, hotels and not least the local tour operators who sell trekking and safari tours to the tourists.
7. Kilimanjaro has also inspired an entire continent into a fight for freedom. Kilimanjaro belongs to Tanzania, the first nation in Africa that achieved independence from a colonial imperialist. During the colonial period, the country was called Tanganyika and during the independence struggle in 1959, the President to be Julius Nyerere said: "We will light a candle on top of Kilimanjaro which will shine beyond our borders and give hope where there is despair, love where there is hate, and dignity where before there was only humiliation. " The highest point on Kilimanjaro is called Uhuru Peak. "Uhuru" is Swahili and means "freedom".
8. Many climb Kilimanjaro to challenge themselves or to live out a lifelong dream to climb Africa's highest mountain at nearly 6,000 meters. Other people ascends the mountain to mark an important life changing experience, eg. A passed examination, a new job, that they have retired or as a common achievement on their honeymoon.
9. Many climb Kilimanjaro to draw attention to a worthy cause or to raise money for charity. Amongst others, Bernard Goosen ascended Kilimanjaro in a wheelchair in 2003 and 2007, to show the world that disability need not be a limitation to reach the summit of Africa's highest mountain.
10. Kilimanjaro is a place where many people find inspiration for a new beginning and get more zest for life. When you stand on top and look out over Africa you see the world in a new and different way. What before seemed impossible in your life suddenly becomes manageable and achievable.
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text:
How Far is Sydney?
- You will need a world map, rulers, and string for this activity.
- Instruct your students to find the distance between the city where you live and Sydney, Australia, the site of the 2000 summer Olympiad. They can measure the distance with the string and then measure the string, or they can just use the rulers - whichever they prefer.
- Post a list of cities/nations form around the world, and have them find the distance from each of these cities to Sydney.
- They should then list the cities in order from the closest to Sydney to the furthest away. They can estimate the time it took for competitors from each location to get to the Olympic games.


text:
Whether it's building new roads, extending transit service, encouraging bicycle travel or doing anything else to improve the future of transportation in Douglas and four other nearby counties, people should keep three investment aspects in mind, a new study suggests.
Three investment perspectives — regarding environmental, social and economic costs and benefits — should be considered as part of a "triple bottom line approach" for making decisions that support a sustainable transportation future, according to draft recommendations included in the new 5-County Regional Transportation Plan.
The plan's recommendations are being revealed this afternoon, as part of a series of online and in-person meetings for the public in the five counties included in the study: Douglas, Johnson, Leavenworth, Wyandotte and Miami.
The recommendations are part of the first phase of the study. The second phase remains on hold, as the Kansas Department of Transportation cited budget cuts in suspending the process.
The next phase, whenever it comes, will be expected to identify projects, procedures and related policies and other matters that could implement the study's goals.
Among the recommendations in the report thus far would be to make what are described as "sustainable" transportation investments.
"Making sustainable investments means to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs," the study says. "The 5-County Region is urban, suburban and rural, which may require a better understanding and consideration of a wider range of factors than those applied statewide and a multidimensional strategy.
"Now, more than ever, long-term stewardship of resources should be the focus."
Officials will present the recommendations in person from 5:30 p.m. to 7 p.m. at Lawrence-Douglas County Fire and Medical Station No. 5, 1911 Stewart Ave.
The study is the work of KDOT, the Mid-America Regional Council, Lawrence-Douglas County Metropolitan Planning Organization, Kansas Turnpike Authority and involved counties and cities.
For more information, visit _URL_.


text:
It turns out that it isn't cow flop that's causing the problem, but rather, it's cow belches.
That's according to a study that found less than half the air pollution attributable to cows comes from their excretions. About sixty percent comes from "cow burps".
I'm not surprised, seeing as cows have stomachs with four compartments, compared to the single-compartment stomach in humans.
The reason is the food they eat (it's not just grass). It's hard to chew, and tough to digest. Cows swallow food without chewing much. They store their unchewed meals in their first two stomachs: the rumen and the reticulum.
Later, while at rest, cows belch up parts of their unchewed meals, which is called "cud" (hence the term "chewing their cud"). This time around the cows chew the food well, swallow it, and send it to their third and fourth stomachs: the omasum and abomasum.
That's where it's digested. Some of it becomes milk. The rest becomes air pollution.


Document Type
Article
Department
Dental-oral, Maxillo-facial Surgery
Abstract
Background: Correction of deep bite is crucial for maintenance of dental hard and soft tissue structures and for prevention of temporomandibular joint disorders. Exploration of underlying skeletal and dental factors is essential for efficient and individualized treatment planning. To date etiological factors of dental and skeletal deep bite have not been explored in Pakistani orthodontic patients. The objectives of this study were to explore frequencies of dental and skeletal etiological factors in deep bite patients and to determine correlations amongst dental and skeletal etiological factors of deep bite.Methods: The study included a total of 113 subjects (males=35; females=78) with no craniofacial syndromes or prior orthodontic treatment. Pre-treatment orthodontic records were used to evaluate various dental and skeletal parameters. Descriptive statistics of each parameter were calculated. The various study parameters were correlated using Pearson's Correlation.Results: Deep curve of Spee was most frequently seen factor of dental deep bite (72.6%), followed by increased coronal length of upper incisors (28.3%), retroclined upper incisors (17.7%), retroclined lower incisors (8%) and increased coronal length of lower incisors (5.3%). Decreased gonial angle was most commonly found factor of skeletal deep bite (43.4%), followed by decreased mandibular plane angle (27.4%) and maxillary plane's clockwise rotation (26.5%). Frankfort mandibular plane angle and gonial angle showed a strong positive correlation (r=0.66, p=0.000).CONCLUSIONS: Reduced gonial angle is most frequently seen skeletal factor, signifying the importance of angulation and growth of ramus in development of deep bite. Deep curve of Spee is most frequently seen dental etiological component in deep bite subjects, hence signifying the importance of intruding the lower anterior teeth.
Publication
Journal of Ayub Medical College
Creative Commons License
Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 License
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10
What is the name of the USB class which handles communication with USB devices which appear as COM ports in Window's device manager? For linux (at least for Fedora 17 and Ubuntu 12.04) these ports appear as ACM (Abstract Control Model, /dev/ttyACM#).
I understand that historically, serial communication was primarily done through the RS-232 serial port which is now deprecated. I believe that today's standard is to communicate through USB using HID.
A google search for ACM reveals that it is part of CDC (Communications Device Class) which is a USB communication class opposite of HID (i.e. a USB device may use HID or CDC). This wikipedia article reveals that CDC/ACM is a method of emulating RS-232 communication over USB.
With this information, shouldn't this form of serial communication be called "CDC" or "CDC/ACM" ?
4
According to this, the USB connected "Virtual COM ports" are indeed using the USB CDC class.
2
the name of the protocol which handles communication with USB devices which appear as COM ports in Window's device manager?
In most cases a propretary protocol is used, like in FTDI/PL2303/SiLabs Serial2USB chips. They use a Windows specific interface to appear as COM ports, but that has nothing to do with ACM.
If you have the choice - e.g. on your own USB microcontroller - I recommend dropping the COM port and using WINUSB or LibUSB to talk to your device directly, even if you only have one Bulk-In and Bulk-Out Endpoint each.
2
 - Thanks for the suggestion. Do you know if "Serial COM" over USB is using the CDC? – Daniel Dec 10 '12 at 18:55
 - On a side note: I was not contemplating using CDC/"Serial COM" for an application, I posted this question because I couldn't find a clear answer on the net. However, looking into WinUSB, I think this is a better choice for a project for which I'd chosen to use HID. Thanks again for the suggestion. – Daniel Dec 11 '12 at 19:28
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text: This article examines the design history of the Korean War Veterans Memorial dedicated in Washington DC in 1995. It considers the attempt to achieve demographic inclusiveness by representing figures of every ethnic group in the sculptural depiction of the U.S. troops in Korea. It interprets this commemorative approach as an extension of the principle established in the commemoration of the Vietnam War in the 1980s, in which the norm of multifigure sculptural groups was intended to achieve the goal of demographic inclusiveness. The Korea memorial was also a response to the preference, particularly among right-wing, pro-military veterans, for commemorations consisting of realistic sculpture; the large number of figures (nineteen, making this an extremely large statuary group) allowed each of the four major armed services to be represented, and the inscribed pictorial wall allowed even more figures, representing each military specialist group, to be portrayed. In this way, the Korea memorial answered criticisms levelled at Vietnam War commemorations which generally concentrated on the depiction of foot soldiers. The essay's argument places the creation of the multi-figure Korean War Veterans Memorial statuary group into the recent history of commemorative sculpture, but also contrasts it with a longer tradition, marked in the period from around 1890 to 1930, in which Washington was the site for other kinds of commemorative sculpture, including portrait statuary, historical works, and allegorical forms. The essay suggests that the shift to a kind of dumb literalism has involved a loss in the language of public sculpture. It advocates a rediscovery and reinvention of the language of symbolism following the extensio ad absurdum of the tendency to demographic and interest-group inclusiveness in the Korean War Veterans Memorial.


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Herbs and Supplements for Memory and Cognitive Support During Lyme Treatment
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Memory and cognitive dysfunction from chronic Lyme disease and Lyme disease coinfections like Babesia and Bartonella can be severe. Once the infections have invaded the brain and central nervous system, they are capable of causing numerous cognitive deficits, including short- and long-term memory loss, difficulty retaining new information, compromised ability to read and write, an inability to make new memories, an overall feeling that you're just not really "there," and so much more.
Throughout my journey with Lyme disease, the vast majority of my symptoms have manifested neurologically. I have faced various memory and cognitive deficits, ranging from short-term memory loss and trouble concentrating, to full-blown amnesia and a complete inability to read or write. As a result, I have searched endlessly for natural ways to boost memory and cognitive function to improve my quality of life throughout the duration of my treatment. The following are the herbs and supplements that I have found most beneficial:
Herbal Remedies to Boost Memory and Cognition
1. Phosphatidylserine:
Phosphatidylserine is supportive of a broad range of cognitive processes, including creation of both short- and long-term memories, memory retrieval, the ability to assimilate and recall new information. It is especially beneficial for memory and cognitive dysfunction caused by neuronal damage from Lyme disease, and coinfections, as it replenishes the brain's supply of acetylcholine, which is a key neurotransmitter responsible for creating the neuronal connections required for encoding memories.
Phosphatidylserine may also be useful for individuals with Lyme disease who have difficulty sleeping. When taken at night, it helps promote healthy sleep patterns by lowering cortisol levels, thus leading to improved memory and cognitive functioning.
2. Gotu Kola:
Gotu kola boosts memory and cognition by reducing tissue inflammation in the brain, making it a great candidate for individuals who suffer from memory and cognitive issues due to neuroLyme disease. It is also helpful for people who have cognitive difficulties as a result of infection in the central nervous system, as it calms the central nervous system by modulating cortisol and adrenaline release. Furthermore, it promotes overall brain health by increasing cerebral circulation and oxygenated blood flow to the brain.
3. Lion's Mane Mushroom:
Lion's mane mushroom is one of my absolute favorite supplements for memory and cognitive support due to its profound positive impacts on the brain and central nervous system. I also find it immensely beneficial when I am feeling low on energy, whether mentally or physically, as it seems to make a noticeable difference in both mental and physical stamina. This is no surprise, considering lion's mane has long been known as the "smart mushroom" because of its noticeable effects on multiple aspects of cognitive function, including memory, attention, creativity and more.
The cognitive benefits of lion's mane can, in large part, be credited to a group of compounds it contains that provide potent neuroprotective properties and restore myelin along the axons in the brain. To date, lion's mane is the only mushroom that displays promising potential for nerve regeneration due to its ability to stimulate synthesis of nerve growth factor (NGF).
4. Bacopa:
A strong neuroprotectant, bacopa is an herb that has been used for thousands of years to enhance memory and cognition. According to research, as well as personal experience, bacopa is an exceptional herb for boosting numeric and spatial working memory, word recall and recognition, context memory recognition, and visual information processing — processes that are all crucial for proper assimilation of information from our environment.
5. Rhodiola Rosea:
Known for its ability to improve memory and learning, I can attest that Rhodiola rosea is profoundly effective for alleviating memory and cognitive dysfunction caused by neurological Lyme disease. I find that it not only increases memory and mental alertness, but physical stamina, as well. Since it is somewhat stimulatory in nature, I find it best to take in the morning in order to avoid interference with sleep.
6. Ashwagandha:
Ashwagandha is another excellent herb for memory and cognitive support. It is a great adaptogenic herb that supports the body and mind during times of extreme stress, such as those seen in chronic illnesses like Lyme disease. Many people report that ashwagandha makes them drowsy, so it is best to take it at night the first time you take it to see how you respond.
I have personally found all of these herbs and supplements to be most useful for providing me with memory and cognitive support throughout the duration of my treatment for Lyme disease and multiple coinfections. However, they are but a few of the many herbs and supplements known to boost memory and cognitive functioning. If you are looking for ways to boost your own memory and cognition, I strongly advise you to conduct further research on all herbs and supplements to assess which ones may be of most benefit for your particular case. As always, please consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new herbal remedies.
This article was first published on ProHealth.com on October 9, 2016 and was updated on February 23, 2021.
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By Shelley White
Shelley M. White is trained in herbalism and nutrition and is the author of "Cannabis for Lyme Disease and Related Conditions: Scientific Basis and Anecdotal Evidence for Medicinal Use." She has written for various websites, including Collective Evolution, Mind Body Green, Natural News, The Mind Unleashed, and the Examiner. Her work has also appeared in print publications, such as The Townsend Letter, SKUNK Magazine, and Public Health Alert.
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I had some eggs that were going to expire, so I decided to boil them before they went bad. When I put them in the water, however, I noticed they were were standing big-end up. Weird!
Had they gone bad? I checked Google and learned they were still edible. According to this article on Why do eggs float?:
Sounded good to me, but as another reader pointed out, this explanation isn't quite right:
You are partially correct, however, it is not the fact that air is getting into the egg that makes it float. It is the fact that mass is leaving the egg.
So the moral of this tale is don't eat eggs which are completely floating and remember density determines whether something will float.


text:
Nttheng means to divine; ma, with, of; yonggo is a Mendi word referring to the apparatus; le is the article [ Sherbro]. The pieces are thrown on the ground, and certain ones selected and arranged in lines of differing lengths and directions; from these the ttheng no [ diviner] foretells good or ill fortune.
Museum Expedition to Sierra Leone, _PHONE_; Henry Usher Hall
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Name of Activity NXT Alarm
Author STOMP
Keywords alarm, sensor, security, NXT, proximity, ultrasonic sensor
Subject NXTs
Time 1 Hour Total
Brief Description Build and program a security system using an NXT. The alarm should be triggered by the proximity (ultrasonic) sensor.
Lesson Objectives: – To learn about programming using the proximity sensor.
– To apply programming to real life problems.
Materials Needed: One NXT brick per group
One or more proximity sensor per group
Assortment of pieces to attach proximity sensor
Computers running MINDSTORMS NXT software
Preparation and Set Up: Set up computers running NXT Software.
Arrange students in groups of two.
Distribute necessary materials.
Necessary Background Programming is used in real life situations. Programming is used in a wide variety of devices to enhance our lives in terms of safety, ease, entertainment, transportation, etc. This activity is a good example of a way that programming can be used in the real world.
 1. Have student design an alarm box that will detect when a person approaches the box. If students want to use more than one proximity sensor or a different sensor as well they should be allowed to be creative.
 2. Allow students to decide how their security system will respond when someone approaches (display something on the screen, make a noise, drive away)
 3. Have students program the NXT to respond when someone approaches the proximity sensor and to stop responding when that person backs off.
 1. The entire program will need to be looped so that the NXT is always secure
 2. When the NXT is not being threated it should signal that it is alarmed by displaying "system alarmed" on the NXT screen.
 3. When the proximity sensor senses that an object is near it should respond (say by displaying back off! and playing a tone).
 4. The alarm should be looped until the proximity sensor no longer detects an object close to it.
 4. Students may use more than one sensor to trigger the alarm.
 5. Allow students to test and redesign their prototypes.
Extensions: Use multiple sensors to trigger the alarm. Have a different response for each
Build an NXT alarm clock or timer.
Attach the NXT alarm to a diary or box. Build something to keep people from opening the diary/box.
Program the NXT so that a user needs to enter a security code to turn off the alarm.
Reference 1
Reference 2
Reference 3
Reference 4
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One Response to NXT Alarm
 1. I did this activity with 8th grade students as an introduction to sensors and programming. The students did struggle with the programming (particularly debugging), but when pointed in the right direction, they seemed to understand the programming blocks and loops. However, they did require a lot of support. It would have been ideal if we had a large board or screen where we could do the programming part together. The students seemed to enjoy the activity. Especially the fact that their designs, when triggered, would give them sound feedback.
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text:
Although the spectral effects of direct and diffuse radiation on solar photovoltaic (PV) performance are relatively well understood, recent investigations have shown that there can be a spectral bias introduced due to albedo from common ground surfaces that can impact the optimal selection of PV materials for a known location. This paper extends analysis to the effects of spectral bias due to the specular reflectivity of 22 commonly occurring surface materials (both man-made and natural) and analyzes the albedo effects on the performance of seven PV materials covering three common PV system topologies: industrial (solar farms), commercial flat rooftops and residential pitched roof applications. An effective albedo is found for each surface material and PV material combination, which can be used in lieu of broadband albedo values in PV simulations. These results enable PV material selection for specific environments enabling geographic optimization for the micro-environment, while at the same time assisting optimal surface selection in the vicinity of existing or planned PV arrays. This analysis is of particular significance for the modeling of performance of bi-facial PV modules and vertical BIPV.
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells
M.P. Brennan, A.L. Abramase, R.W. Andrews, J. M. Pearce, Effects of spectral albedo on solar photovoltaic devices, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 124, pp. 111-116,(2014). _URL_


text:
Retrieval of H15NO3/H14NO3 vertical distribution from MIPAS / ENVISAT limb-emission measurements.
Bianca Maria Dinelli(1), Gabriele Brizzi(2), Enrico Arnone(2), Massimo Carlotti(2), Enzo Papandrea(2), Marco Ridolfi(2), Jean-Marie Flaud(3) and Agnes Perrin(3)
(1) ISAC-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
(2) DCFI- Universita' di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento, 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy
(3) LISA-CNRS, Universités Paris 12&7, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France
Because of its atmospheric interest, the HNO3 molecule has been the subject of a number of spectroscopic studies, particularly in the 11.2 µm spectral region which is widely used for the atmospheric retrievals of 14N nitric acid. However, only recently accurate spectral line parameters were generated for the isotopic species H15NO3. Thanks to these parameters, the Q-branch of the 5 band of H15NO3 was identified (around 871 cm-1) in the high signal-to-noise ratio atmospheric limb-emission spectra measured by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on-board of ENVISAT . We have exploited this 5 Q-branch to retrieve for the first time of the isotopic partitioning between stratospheric H14NO3 and H15NO3. Due to the very low intensity of the considered spectral feature it was necessary to develop an ad-hoc inversion algorithm based on a regularized linear Kalman filter approach. This procedure enables the retrieval of H15NO3/ H14NO3 isotope ratio profiles, averaged over different latitude bands and time intervals, in the altitude range from 18 to 42 km. The resulting isotope ratio profiles show an overall significant substantial depletion with altitude of H15NO3 (with respect to the natural partitioning), and no significant latitude and time dependence.


Important: Please read the Qt Code of Conduct -
Reducing size of captured images.
 - hi,
 I am capturing the image of a webpage using the code
 @ QImage image(frame->contentsSize(), QImage::Format_ARGB32_Premultiplied);
 QPainter painter(&image);
 painter.setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing, true);
 painter.setRenderHint(QPainter::TextAntialiasing, true);
 painter.setRenderHint(QPainter::SmoothPixmapTransform, true);
 But sometimes the size of the image captured greater than 1MB.I am transfering these captured images to a remote client.How can i reduce the size of the captured images.
 - Well, the size depends on the resolution of the picture and on the chosen format. If you want to minimise the picture size, you'd better use jpeg format. Reducing the pixel format may also help if you don't need a 32 bits depth, for instance 24-bits colour depth seems fairly decent to me.
 - Is there any other method to reduce the size.I tried both saving the file in jpeg and QImageFormat to 24 bits per depth but both does not significantly reduce the size.Is ther any method to reduce the resolution of the captured image?
 - Sure, you can use the QImage::scaled method to reduce the resolution once the capture has been made.
 - You could compress the contents of the image yourself, send the compressed data stream and re-build the Image on the client side.
 You could make a QPixmap out of it, save it to a temporary file of a compressed type, and transfer that file.
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Who is Aleksandr Nosovsky?
Aleksandr Nosovsky is a cinematographer.
- also known as Александр Носовский; Носовский, Александр Николаевич
- born on (53 years ago)
- nationality: Russia
- profession: Cinematographer
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|Biosphere Reserve Information|
The Reserve constitutes one single land management unit, the Al Reem Biosphere Reserve. The landscape in the Reserve is generally flat to wavy with some prominent hills and the stark-relief mesas of the Zekreet peninsula. Land elevation ranges between 0m to 60m above sea level. Saline swampy mud flats are common along the coastal areas, while rocky elevations and gravel plains are mostly found in the inland parts of the reserve. Notable features include elevated limestone formations (the Dukhan anticline) along the west coast under which lies the Dukhan oil field. The Reserve has no rivers, and other than occasional rainfall, the primary source of fresh water is fossil ground water. Surface water is very limited and may be seen in depressions and wadis for a short time only after a good winter rainfall.
The human population inhabiting the Reserve was derived from the National Census of 2004, and was broken down as follows: Core Area (400-500), Buffer Zone (~8,000) and Transition Areas (~5,900). Within the core and buffer areas the population gender breakdown was approximately 25% female to 75% male, while that in the transition zone was approximately 30% female to 70% male.
Major contemporary activities by local inhabitants of the Reserve include farming, tending herds of camels and flocks of sheep and goats (being one of the main components of economic development in the country, the agricultural sector in the Qatar is getting a lot of attention from the government, which has been working hard to remove natural obstacles that impede horizontal extension of agriculture by supporting farmers and encouraging national investments in the agricultural sector), artisanal fishing, small-scale trade and commerce, and working in the petroleum industry (since the 1950's oil has rapidly transformed Qatar into a developing country). Several small coastal villages are home to the fishing communities, while the majority of the pastoral/farming communities are located in the northeast of the Reserve. The petroleum industry is based in Dukhan, at the extreme southwest, and up parts of the Zekreet peninsula and all of the Al Ghariyah peninsula.
Communities residing within the Reserve have managed to preserve many of the cultural and religious traditions of the past, while experimenting with modern technology to further their agricultural and pastoral traditions. Large rotary boom water feeders and modern pumping systems bring fossil groundwater to irrigate alfalfa and other fodder materials, while modern veterinary centers promote health and survivorship of traditional camel and goat herds. Breeding centers are reintroducing native fauna such as the Oryx and Gazelles, alongside modern oil and gas pumping stations.
|Major ecosystem type||Arid-Climate Desert|
|Major habitats & land cover types||Desert Gravel Plains, Sand Sheet / Sabkha, Mesa / Foothill|
|Transition area(s) when given||Terrestrial: 46,555 Ha, Marine: 36,931|
|Altitude (metres above sea level)||0-60m|
|Administrative authorities||Supreme Council for the Environment and Natural Reserves|
|Last updated: 11/26/2007|


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RA Magazine Spring 2013
Issue Number: 118
The power of landscape in the north of England
Two exhibitions celebrate the poetic power of landscape in the north of England, writes Ian Warrell.
John Atkinson Grimshaw, 'On the Tees, near Barnard Castle', c.1868. On show at the Bowes Museum. © Leeds Museums and Galleries/The Bridgeman Art Library. In Britain, our appreciation of the great landscapes of the North is often shaped by the words of poets, especially the Romantics of the early 19th century. An exhibition at the Bowes Museum explores the echoes caused by the publication of Walter Scott's epic poem Rokeby, 200 years ago. It was an instant hit, selling 10,000 copies in only three months, and thereafter drawing countless tourists to the locations it describes in Teesdale, between Barnard Castle (home of the Bowes Museum) and Darlington.
Artists also began to include the banks of the Tees and the Greta on their northern itineraries. But when it came to creating an illustrated edition of the poem, Scott's publisher inevitably sought the artist J.M.W. Turner, who had already painted stunning views of the area. Some of these works, along with atmospheric landscapes by Victorian artists such as Atkinson Grimshaw and Alfred William Hunt, have been brought together at the Bowes to explore the connections between landscape, poetry and painting.
Elsewhere in Yorkshire, at Harewood House, another exhibition takes its title from a poem by Sylvia Plath: Two Campers In Cloud Country (1960). Like many artists and poets over the past 200 years, Plath was seeking to experience nature at its most immense, and to discover herself anew in a setting that was indifferent to human preoccupations.
Gary Hume RA, 'Here's Flowers, Untitled 3', 2006. Harewood House. Courtesy of Paragon Press. The revelation of this kind of engagement with the natural world lies at the heart of the Harewood exhibition. Its curators, Whitechapel Gallery Director Iwona Blazwick, and artist Diane Howse, Countess of Harewood, believe that by focusing on works on paper, often executed en plein air, it is possible to get closer to the sensation or moment of observation that sparks the creative act – what Blazwick terms 'the "What if?" quality of drawing'.
A selection of around 80 works highlights the tendency towards abstraction in landscape art, embracing 19th-century artists such as Thomas Girtin and John Sell Cotman (who also worked at Rokeby), as well as more recent artists such as Bridget Riley, Rachel Whiteread, Julian Opie, Thomas Schütte and Gary Hume RA.
Blazwick says that visitors should expect to find surprising juxtapositions and a 'breathtaking range of abstractions' within thematic sections that reflect the experience of nature over the centuries, ranging from its pure forms, its atmospheric phenomena,
and its distillation as decoration, to the political implications
of living on the land.
- Rokeby: Poetry & Landscape – Walter Scott & Turner in Teesdale The Bowes Museum,
until 28 April
- In Cloud Country: Abstracting from nature – From John Constable to Rachel Whiteread Harewood House,
29 March–30 June
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Safety Procedures
 1. Identification Cards: Students are expected to carry their University identification cards at all times. Lending or duplication of identification cards is prohibited.
 2. Evacuation Drills/Alarms:Everyone must participate when an alarm is sounded in any University building. A student who fails to immediately evacuate may be fined a minimum of $250, based on the judgment of the Preliminary Hearing Officer.
 Students are directed to:
 1. Close windows and doors of rooms;
 2. Do not use elevators;
 3. Walk to a clearing away from the building;
 4. Report to the person in charge of attendance; and,
 5. Wait for a signal to re-enter the building.
 3. Facility Use: Use the physical facilities on campus only for their intended purpose.
 4. Safety Equipment: It is prohibited to start a fire or create a fire hazard; make an explosive device; create a false emergency; tamper with, damage, disable or misuse fire safety equipment.
 5. Guest Responsibility: students are expected to inform their guests of all University policies and procedures and are responsible for guest behavior.


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Vertical Curves are nice! I think they are easier to solve than Horizontal Curves because they are essentially parabola equations (which you should be very used to). This is the formula for vertical curves
is the elevation y at x horizontal distance into the curve from the start position
is the starting elevation at x = 0.
R is referred to as the rate of gradient change:
and are the approach grade (or approach tangent) and exit grade. To keep things simple for myself I always express these in decimal percents (e.g. 0.05 instead of 5%). I do this because I like to express my stations as full numbers like 450 feet instead of 4 + 50.
A lot of surveyors and transit engineers do their math the other way. They use the percent value accompanied with the station value (e.g. 5% for 4.5 stations = 5*4.5 = 22.5 feet). This is ok but only works if your stations are at 100 ft. I would just rather convert the stationing to feet and use decimal percent and it is valuable for you to know the difference between the two styles.
PVC is the beginning of the vertical curve.
PVT is the endpoint of the vertical curve. At this point the grade % takes over OR another vertical curve begins.
PVI is the midpoint between PVC and PVT
TP is the high or low point of the curve. You can find its location (x) with:
Plug it's location into the main equation above to find the elevation of the high or low point. Remember that the x from this equation is NOT a station it is a distance from PVC which you may have to convert into the stationing in the problem.
Offset from PVI
If your problem gives you the location of the PVI (middle) and the two gradients you must use a special equation to determine the location of the PVC (beginning) and PVT (end):
You must use this because the first equation depends on the fact that PVC is known. x and y in that equation both represent a distance from PVC.


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Deducting or Amortizing Start-up Costs and Organizational Costs
It's important to properly account for start up costs.
Starting a new business venture can be exciting. Whether you are forming your first company or expanding into a new area, it is important to properly account for start-up and organizational costs. The rules concerning these costs are different for income tax purposes and for financial reporting under US GAAP.
For those companies reporting under US GAAP, Financial Accounting Standards Codification 720 states that start up/organization costs should be expensed as incurred. However, it is important to identify the costs as incurred because some particular costs may fall under other code sections and require specialized treatment.
The income tax treatment is different. Consult with your LaPorte tax advisor to determine if you can take an immediate deduction or if the cost must be capitalized and amortized (spread out) over a period of years. Typically, it depends on the type of cost and the amount invested, but there are other IRS regulations that may apply.
Start-up Costs
The IRS defines start-up costs as amounts paid or incurred for creating an active trade or business, or to investigate the creation or acquisition of an active trade or business. Start-up costs include amounts paid or incurred in connection with an existing activity engaged in for profit, and for the production of income in anticipation of the activity becoming an active trade or business. Start-up costs include:
 - Advertisements for the opening of the business.
 - Salaries and wages for employees who are being trained and their instructors.
 - Salaries and fees for executives and consultants, or for similar professional services.
Start-up costs do not include deductible interest, taxes, or research and experimental costs. These costs are considered separately for tax purposes, as well as:
 - Costs related to obtaining licenses and other qualifications to get into the business.
 - Costs of buying business assets such as a building, equipment, or vehicles.
Organizational Costs for Partnerships or Corporations
Organizational costs are expenses related to forming a corporation, partnership, or limited liability company (not a sole proprietorship). These may include legal, management, consulting, accounting and filing fees.
The costs for issuing and marketing interests in a partnership or corporation such as brokerage, registration, and legal fees and printing costs do not qualify as organizational costs. The IRS considers these "syndication fees" which are capital expenses that cannot be depreciated or amortized. You also cannot claim a loss on syndication fees.
Deducting or Amortizing Start-up and Organization Costs
Start-up costs can be capitalized and amortized if they meet both of the following tests:
 1. You could deduct the costs if you paid or incurred them to operate an existing active trade or business (in the same field), and;
 2. You pay or incur the costs before the day your active trade or business begins.
In the first year you are in business, you can deduct Up to $5,000 in start-up costs provided you've spent $50,000 or less This deduction must be made in the first year you are actively in business. The balance over $5,000 must be capitalized and amortized over the applicable number of years.
If you incurred more than $50,000 in start-up costs but less than $55,000,there is a phase out of the $5,000 deduction. For example, if you spent $52,000, your deduction would be $3,000 and $49,000 would have to be capitalized and amortized.
Should your startup costs be greater than $55,000, you do not qualify for an immediate $5,000 deduction, but you would capitalize those costs and take the amortization expense as a deduction each year.
Since the IRS separates startup costs and organizational costs, you can also take a deduction up to $5,000 for organizational expenses (up to $50,000). These costs must be incurred before the end of the first tax year your company is in business. The same IRS rules apply to organizational expenses between $50,000 and $55,000, as well as over $55,000.
If you do not expect to make a profit in the first year you are in business, you should consider amortizing the full amount of start-up and organizational costs over 15 years. This will allow you to minimize taxes in years where you make more money. For example, if your start-up costs are $30,000, you could deduct $2,000 per year for 15 years instead of taking the $5,000 deduction in year one.
There are many other IRS rules that need to be taken into consideration on the tax treatment of start-up and organizational costs. The professionals at LaPorte work on a substantial number of initial year returns annually where we analyze how start-up and organizational costs need to be treated for income tax purposes. For additional information, contact a member of the LaPorte Tax Services Group.


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Royal Botanical Gardens - 40 cents 1991 - Canadian stamp
- Quantity: 3 000 000
- Issue date: May 22, 1991
- Printer: Ashton-Potter Limited
- Scott: #1313
Prominent Canadian gardens are the subject of five stamps issued on May, 1991. Southern Ontario's Royal Botanical Gardens came into being as the result of the determination of two members of the Hamilton Park Board. Cecil V. Land and the Hon. Thomas Baker McQuesten wanted to create a "rival" to Britain's famous Kew Gardens. They suggested that a large tract of land near the Niagara Escarpment be set aside, and on November 12, 1929, the project began. The project provided hundreds of jobs during the Great Depression as men hauled rocks and soil to the location. Originally known simply as "Botanical Gardens" in 1930, King George V decreed that the designation "Royal" could be added and in 1941 the Ontario legislature passed the Royal Botanical Gardens Act, which established the RBG as an independent institution with scientific and educational objectives. Designer David Wyman and illustrator Gerard Gauci combined their talents to produce the designs.
Canada Post Corporation. Canada's Stamp Details, No. 2, 1991, p. 8-10.
Designed by David Wyman
Based on illustrations by Gerard Gauci
Right now on Ebay
The values on this page are in Canadian dollars (CAD).


Citizenship: Stop And Search Rights
Aim Stop and search project aims to educate teenagers about their rights, how to deal with stop and search situations with understanding procedures that are put in place to safeguard young people and their communities.
The Parent and Teenager Engagement programme
Aim Parents to understand teenagers lives, how to address issues young people face within home and society. Exploring positive engagement methods to build sustainable relationships. Communications and common ground = relationships.
Safeguarding Training: On Line Grooming Child Sexual Exploitation
Aim Educate, raise awareness on Child Sexual Exploitation, the signs and how to report it. Understanding on line grooming and how young people are become vulnerable to On line perpetrators. Identifying a issue and implementing solutions. Young people will interact/participate in activities which are hard hitting through alternative education.
Hate crime
Aim To gain a wider understanding of rights, understanding hate crime and the rise of islamophobia, how to address this and report without feeling targeted or intimidate. What is Hate crime, what are our rights Equip individuals with the education, awareness of their role and presence within society.


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Environmental permits, information and damage
The environmental permitting regulations set the operating conditions for businesses through a permitting framework. Its risk based approach includes a hierarchy of permits from those that are tailor made for larger, more risky operations to simple registrations and exemptions from permitting for less risky operations. Permitting operations include industrial installations, mobile plant waste and extractive waste, those discharging to water and/or groundwater and radioactive substances activities.
The environmental information regulations aim to involve the public in environmental matters by giving them the right of access to environmental information held by public authorities.
The environmental damage regulations oblige operators to take steps to prevent serious environmental damage from occurring or, where it does occur, to make good such damage in line with the polluter pays principle.
You can find 3 regulations that relate to environmental permits, information and damage below to the left.
Environmental Information Regulations 2004 (EIRs)
Increase access to environmental information in order to increase public participation in environmental decision-making, inform debate, and increase awareness of environmental matters.
Environmental Permitting Regulations 2010
The Regulations provide a risk based framework to control activities that could cause pollution.
Environmental Damage (Prevention and Remediation) Regulations 2009
The regulations place obligations on operators to make good serious cases of damage to the environment, transposing the provisions of the EU Environmental Liability Directive.
Tell us what you think should happen to these regulations and why, being specific where possible:
- Should we scrap them altogether?
- Could their purpose be achieved in a non-regulatory way (eg through a voluntary code?) How?
- Could they be reformed, simplified or merged? How?
- Can we reduce their bureaucracy through better implementation? How?
- Can we make their enforcement less burdensome? How?
- Should they be left as they are?
For example, you might consider how the application process for permits could be further improved or the requirements for smaller businesses further simplified.


Saving a Path
Save Path commandAs we have already mentioned, the "Work Path" means "temporary" path. For example, when you create a new path from a selection or from text, it replaces the previous Work Path*.
*Paths created from shape layers and vector masks are saved automatically.
To secure the created Work Path:
 1. Open the "Paths" dialog.
 2. Make sure that the "Work Path" is selected in the Paths list.
 3. Apply the "Save Path" Save Path command command.
 4. In the dialog box that appears, enter desired path name and click "OK".
Please note that you can't overwrite existing paths. For example, the program won't save a path as "Path 1", in case a path with that name already exists.
In conclusion, let's touch saving the files containing paths. Unlike vector shapes, paths may be saved to various file types. For example, you can incorporate your vector drawings into a JPEG file and publish it on the Web.
Previous Next
Saving current path as "Butterfly"


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The Episcopal Health Foundation embraces an emerging thread of philanthropy that utilizes strategic planning, evaluation, and learning systems. We want to be accountable for the resources we steward, and we believe communities deserve that kind of accountability. But how does strategic philanthropy differ from non-strategic philanthropy? What is the role of collaboration? There are a number of possible responses, but let me illustrate with one example.
Some communities despair at the level of social and health problems they face, despite myriad social services agencies serving the local community. What is often not recognized, though, is that it is as critical to know how agencies work together as a system as it is to know who exists and what they do, if we are interested in impact. The system dynamics map below illustrates the role of strategic philanthropy in converting a particular (but common) vicious cycle into a virtuous cycle for advancing community health.
Box 1 is our starting point: a community with multiple social service providers. Upon receiving general requests for funding, responsive (non-strategic) philanthropies might provide short-term grants to a number of local agencies working on similar issues. Such grant-making can dissipate investments and create territorialism among agencies, leading to lack of cooperation, low capacity, and duplicative investments. The result is failure to meet goals, often with little incentive for improvement. New social services providers emerge to address the local problems that have not been solved. But do we question why the challenges are not being met, and what the implications are for how we do things differently, or do we just chalk it up to "need"? Are the right partners addressing the right issues in the right ways? And do they have the capacity to achieve the goal? Or have we, as funders, actually undermined that potential through our own approaches?
A collaborative model of strategic philanthropy explicitly asks these questions, and recognizes the importance of local knowledge and collaboration in solving complex problems.
Let's take the same starting point below—Box 1's multiple social service providers—and consider how a strategic philanthropy approach might transform a vicious cycle into a virtuous cycle for community health. Instead of the purely responsive grant-making described above, let's say the philanthropy discovers that there are many local social service agencies with a similar focus, being funded by multiple donors, creating little incentive to work together.
The philanthropy approaches other local donors to open a conversation with the community about key challenges, alignment of goals among agencies, strengths and assets of agencies, and refinement of their roles and leveraging opportunities in implementation. This leads to a set of grant applications (ideally reviewed jointly by funders) that take a holistic look at the problem, and advances interdependent relationships, accountability for success, and an explicit learning process for improvement. The result is increased cooperation among local agencies and the community, increased accountability and incentive for focusing on multi-sector solutions to complex problems, and increased capacity and integration among the local players.
Goals are better achieved (or if not, lessons learned for improvement), new structures and relationships might be developed, and agencies may be consolidated with an eye toward increased capacity and integration — now we are on to something. In this scenario, we, as a community, fundamentally changed the dynamic and the systems structure to better respond to local problems because we took an approach that was both strategic and community informed. Of course, some social service providers have been trying to create such virtuous cycles for quite some time, but have not had the resources, leverage, or partners to effectively do so.
Philanthropy can be one of those partners for transforming a vicious into a virtuous cycle, and for strengthening systems, effectiveness, and sustainability for community development.
What do you think of strategic philanthropy approaches? Does this level of philanthropic engagement with communities make sense to you? Do you think that systems approaches can help us make a difference together in advancing community health transformation?
The Episcopal Health Foundation was established in 2013 and works to improve the health and well-being of the 10 million people in the 57 counties of the Episcopal Diocese of Texas. EHF has developed a transformative approach to philanthropy that supports the Foundation's role to be a catalyst to change. Specifically, EHF aims to invest in organizations and communities that can help strengthen the health system and transform community health for everyone. The Foundation is committed to being an informed, accountable, collaborative, health-focused philanthropy. Follow EHF on Twitter _USER_


There are two GIS facilities that are associated with CFS. The first is the GIS and Remote Sensing Lab that is housed by the Department of Geography in 323 Farrah Hall. This lab is maintained by Dr. Luoheng Han and houses several different types of computers, digitizing boards, printers, and GIS/Remote Sensing software. (Follow the appropriate link for a complete listing and description).
The GIS/Imaging Lab for Aquatic Biology is housed in rooms 1085A and 1085C in the Bevill Building. This lab is maintained by Dr. G. Milton Ward. Choose the following links to see the description for each lab as set up by the department housing the facility.