text:
Sustainability in Design
Challenges and Opportunities for Design Research, Education and Practice in the XXI Century.
LeNS Conference, Bangalore, 29th September to 1st October 2010
The Sustainability in Design: Now! Conference is a platform for sharing the latest knowledge and experiences in product, service and system design, to promote sustainable systems thinking in design education, research and practice communities. The conference approach is to look at various stakeholders in this arena - designers, design educators and design researchers - as a unique learning community. The objective is the creation of a new ethos, within such a community, enabling all possible synergies and fruitful processes of knowledge and know-how osmosis and cross-fertilisation.
This conference is promoted and organized as the conclusive event of the LeNS project, funded by EU under the Asia-Link program, that aims at the development and diffusion of design for sustainability in design institutions.
The scope of the conference is to make a significant contribution to catalyzing the learning and dissemination process of an emergent design knowledge-base, theory and practice, on design for sustainability, within the design community; a contribution to take up the challenge of Sustainability in Design, NOW!
The conference approach is to look at various stakeholders in this arena - designers, design educators and design researchers - as a unique and multipolar learning community. This is a design community adopting a new ethos, promoting all possible synergies and processes of learning-by-sharing, enabling effective knowledge base and know-how sharing, osmosis and cross-fertilization in an open and copy left ethos.
In this context, the conference aims at offering an understanding of the worldwide challenges and the opportunities so that designer-participants can be more active and effective in the transition towards a sustainable society. The conference aims to be both visionary and pragmatic, and to stimulate new ways of thinking.
Furthermore, the conference will give the opportunities for the design-learning community to update the agenda for design for sustainability in the XXI century.
A Bangalore 2010 Declaration on Sustainability in Design will be discussed, agreed upon and signed.
Participants are invited to submit papers in the areas related to the conference sub-themes outlined below. The conference is structured around three main themes that include:
1. Design Research for Sustainability (DRfS)
2. Design Education for Sustainability (DEfS)
3. Design Practice for Sustainability (DPfS)
Note : To submit your paper please go to the "Registration - Author" link on the left navigation menu to register and follow the instructions sent to your email id immediately after registration.
1. The Design Research for Sustainability (DRfS) section will address the following sub-themes:
* New frontiers of Design Research for Sustainability worldwide
* Applied research and consultancies on Design for Sustainability
* Effective networking and learning-by-sharing processes between design researchers and/or design research institutions.
2. The Design Education for Sustainability (DEfS) section will address the following sub-themes:
* Strategies, projects and experiences in consolidated DfS education activities
* Strategies, projects and experiences in experimental DfS education activities
* Strategies, projects and experiences in continuing education
* Effective networking and learning-by-sharing processes between design teachers and/or Design Education Institutions.
3. The Design Practice for Sustainability (DPfS) section will address the following sub-themes:
* Best practices of product, service and system design for sustainability
* Best practices of methods and tools used by designers, companies and other organizations
* Effective networking and learning-by-sharing processes between designers associations and designers.
Deadline for Abstracts : 31 March 2010
Notification Of Acceptance : 01 May 2010
Full Paper Submission : 30 June 2010
Notification Of Paper To Be Presented : 31 July 2010
The LeNS Project
The LenS, Learning Network on Sustainability, is an Asian-European multi-polar network for curricula development on design for sustainability focused on Product-Service System innovations. It is a 3 years project (Dec/2007 - Dec/2010) funded by the European Commission (Asia Link Programme, EuropAid), involving 7 design schools in Europe and Asia. The project scope is to promote a new generation of Asian and European designers capable of designing for sustainability Product-Service System innovation, through a new generation of design educators. The main output is the so called Open Learning E-Package (OLEP) on DfS. It is a web platform allowing interested teachers to download open source and copyleft learning resources (slideshows, texts, audio-videos, etc.) that could be modified/remixed and reused, i.e. adapted according to each teacher's specific didactic needs, institutional requirements and local context peculiarities. The same lens web platform is downloadable as open source and copyleft. It is thus a "regenerative" platform; namely any educational institution, teacher, sustainability-focused network, can generate a new LeNS-based web-platform; any new generated web platform upload learning resources independently, and all LeNS-based web-platforms are interlinked. A LeNS Africa has been launched the 7th of September 2009, in Cape Town, South Africa; and LeNS South America has been launched the 6th of November 2009, Sao Paolo, Brasil.


text:
Representatives for Salina teachers and the USD 305 school district have come to agreement on a new contract.
According to the district, NEA-Salina and the USD Board of Education came to agreement on proposed changes to the negotiated agreement for the 2021-2022 school year.
Settled topics of interest include the following:
- A $915 increase to the base salary plus step and movement on the salary schedule.
- Increases to teacher compensation for plan time used for substitute teaching.
- New compensation to elementary teachers who accept additional students due to teacher absence.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The definition of chew means to use teeth to bite, cut through and grind into smaller pieces, or is slang meaning to reprimand someone.(verb)
See chew in Webster's New World College Dictionary
Origin: ME chewen < OE ceowan, to bite, chew < IE base *gjeu-, to chew > Pers ǰavidan, Ger kauen
See chew in American Heritage Dictionary 4
verb chewed, chew·ing, chews verb, transitive
Origin: Middle English cheuen
Origin:, from Old English cēowan.
Learn more about chew

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Italy is a dying country as babies no longer replace people who die, says health minister
The country's birth rate falls to its lowest level - 8.4 per 1,000 people - since the foundation of the modern state in 1861
Beatrice Lorenzin, the minister of health, has called Italy "a dying country" Credit: Photo: Elisabetta Villa/Getty Images
Italy's birth rate has fallen to its lowest level since the foundation of the modern state in 1861, prompting fresh alarm in a society that has been steadily ageing for decades.
The number of births per 1,000 people has fallen to just 8.4, down from 38.3 when Italy's territories and kingdoms were unified a century and a half ago.
In Britain and the United States, the figures are 12 and 13 respectively.
Last year 509,000 babies were born in Italy, 5,000 fewer than in 2013.
The mortality rate also declined last year, stretching life expectancy for Italian women to 85 years, while the average man will live to 80.
Beatrice Lorenzin, the minister of health, said: "We are at the threshold where people who die are not being replaced by newborns. That means we are a dying country.
"This situation has enormous implications for every sector: the economy, society, health, pensions, just to give a few examples."
Italy's five million immigrants, out of an overall population of 60 million, are also having fewer children, having previously registered high birth rates.
The birth rate among immigrants has fallen to 1.9 children per woman, its lowest level for five years.
Overall, the number of couples choosing not to have children has increased to 40 per cent in the last decade. Italian women have 1.39 children on average, against an EU average of 1.58.
The birth rate decline was blamed on years of economic recession and high unemployment. The birth rate is lowest in the Mezzogiorno, or south of Italy, where the recession has hit hardest. Sardinia, for example, had a birth rate of 7.1 per cent.
The average age at which Italian women have their first child has been creeping up for years and is now at 31 years and six months.
Life expectancy for Italian women is 85 years, while the average man will live to 80


Meaning of EXPERIMENTAL in English
— experimentally, adv.
/ik sper'euh men"tl/, adj.
1. pertaining to, derived from, or founded on experiment: an experimental science.
2. of the nature of an experiment; tentative: The new program is still in an experimental stage.
3. functioning as an experiment or used for experimentation: an experimental airplane.
4. based on or derived from experience; empirical: experimental knowledge.
5. something that is experimental.
[ 1400-50; late ME experimentalis. See EXPERIMENT, -AL 1 ]


text:
Fill in the Missing Race Car Numbers
What is the fastest way to count cars? This worksheet will give your child practice counting by filling in the blanks of the race cars. To complete this worksheet your child will need to look at the different numbers and determine which ones are missing in the counting sequence. What number comes between 47 and 49? After completing this worksheet your child will have improved his counting skills.
Washington Virtual Academies
Tuition-free online school for Washington students.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Cells in mitosis are easy to spot.
Instead of a nucleus, the chromosomes are visible as tangled, dark-staining threads.
We call these "mitotic figures." Counting mitotic figures sometimes helps the pathologist tell benign from malignant.
If you see a nuclear membrane, it is not a mitotic figure.
This is a small-intestine crypt.
With your study partners, find:
United States Pronunciations:
Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences


text:
Call waiting is a feature on phones that when enabled, will allow an incoming call to be put in waiting because it came in while you were on another call.
Some carriers will let the caller know that you're in another call but some will just ring. Call waiting on iPhones can be enabled or disabled in the settings.
On your iPhone, tap on the Settings icon. Then scroll down to 'Phone'. to open the phone and calls settings. Under 'CALLS' tap on call waiting. Then you can toggle that button on or off to enable and disable call waiting on your iPhone.
Also Read: How To Airdrop On iPhone


prestige, desire, and the mystique of brands. Forever 21 can knock off Prada, but people who buy Prada will know the difference."
Shouldn't we expect the same from our games as well? Shouldn't we, as a game-buying public, be able to tell the difference between Minecraft and its clone?
Rather than going after cloners, game designers should be targeting the institutions that enhance the public's understanding of what games are and how they work. Those are the places where "credit" is handed out: that means schools, museums, and media organizations that often don't have passing knowledge of how games are even made. Game designers should be partnering more with museums, inviting non-game designers like musicians into their world, and teaching students about their craft.
Grimmelmann adds that literacy around games is paramount to dealing with cloners. "We won't make Zynga go away," he says. "They're doing something that is shameful. Maybe it gets people playing games, but there's a better way, and people who make games artistically ought to have commercial audiences." An informed public is a powerful public, and the only way to stop clones is to disgrace them. But that conversation only works if all who play games are onboard, not just those that make them.
The problem isn't with clones. The problem is with us.
Image by Asha ten Broeke


text:
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common skin cancer with metastatic potential. To reduce reoperations due to nonradical excision, there is a need to develop a technique for identification of tumor margins preoperatively. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a novel imaging technology that combines the strengths of laser optics and ultrasound. Our aim was to determine the spectral signature of cSCC using PA imaging and to use this signature to visualize tumor architecture and borders. Two-dimensional PA images of 33 cSCCs and surrounding healthy skin were acquired ex vivo, using 59 excitation wavelengths from 680 to 970 nm. The spectral response of the cSCCs was compared to healthy tissue, and the difference was found to be greatest at wavelengths in the range 765 to 960 nm (P <.05). Three-dimensional PA images were constructed from spectra obtained in the y-z plane using a linear stepper motor moving along the x-plane. Spectral unmixing was then performed which provided a clear three-dimensional view of the distribution of tumor masses and their borders.
|Tidskrift||Journal of Biophotonics|
|Tidigt onlinedatum||2020 feb. 12|
|Status||Published - 2020 maj|
- Medicinsk laboratorie- och mätteknik
- Radiologi och bildbehandling


Square Strike Wedge offers golfers the ability to significantly reduce the number of fat chips from off the green with its specially created design.
With a full sole and structure of a putter, golfers can use their putting stroke to smoothly chip the ball out of trouble and onto the dance floor as golfers like to call the green.
Is there a learning curve with the Square Strike Wedge?
Yes, with any chipping iron, there will be an introductory period that creates the need for a few practice sessions on a nearby putting green.
Golfers will need to get used to the upright nature of the club and how it needs to be swung as the lofted clubface will present a few exciting challenges at first glance.
The purpose of the club is to bridge the gap between a putter and wedge so that the golfer gets the control and accuracy of a putter, but with the loft and ability to free the ball from the trouble that a wedge provides.
What golfers who use a chipping iron discover over time, is that their short game becomes much more consistent and trustworthy.
Instead of dreading an upcoming chip shot, golfers are instilled with a renewed confidence that spills out with their play around the green.
What is the loft of the Square Strike Wedge, and why is that important?
The loft of the Square Strike Wedge is 45 degrees, roughly equivalent to what you'd find in a typical 9-iron. Other chipping irons set their loft a bit higher, around 37 degrees, the standard loft for 7 irons.
The loft is important for several reasons, the biggest of which is that loft determines the height of the shot. A chipping iron has loft so that it can be used in situations other than just off the green.
For example, a chipping iron can be used from the light rough, because the wide sole at the base of the clubhead can move through the grass without snagging or catching, allowing it to contact the golf ball cleanly. Loft helps lift the ball above any potential dangers that could knock the golf ball offline and cause a longer putt.
Yes, the company has made sure that the club conforms to USGA standards and is legal to use in any tournament, whether it be competitive or for a relaxed charity function.
By tailoring the club to look and feel like a putter, the Square Strike Wedge maintains simplicity while also sharing the characteristics of a wedge.
Another reason that the club conforms is that it uses a standard grip that you'd commonly find on an iron.
Even though the chipping iron may look like a putter, USGA rules prohibit from using the large grip and flat edge that you would commonly find on a flat stick.
Why is the Square Strike Wedge the length of a putter?
Another question that most golfers ask when handling a chipping iron for the first time is why does it have the shaft length of a putter.
The answer is simple; because by molding it in the form of a putter, it makes the club easier to use for beginning golfers and high handicappers who need the most help around the green by conforming their short game clubs to a similar style.
Since the Square Strike Wedge is 35 inches in length, when you hold the club, you'll notice how close it feels to handling a putter.
Yes, there are a few noticeable differences, such as the loft and grooves on the clubface and the lack of sizeable putting grip.
But those differences can be worked around as the novice golfer looks to find consistency with their short game.
By mimicking the putting stroke with the chipping iron, the wedge helps golfers find confidence in their game.
What Others Are Saying


text:
Wuppertal is a German city that is located on the territory of North Rheine-Westphalia on the Wupper River that is a tributary to the Rhine River. The city was founded in 1929 in result of merger of 3 towns – Barman, Elberfeld and Brill.
Wuppertal is home to one of the most unusual sights in Germany – a monorail road. The construction of the road began in the end of the 19th century. Despite the fact that you can see such objects...
According to the data of 2000, the population of Wuppertal estimates 369 thousand of people.
Wuppertal is known as a large center of textile, chemical, machine building and pharmaceutical industry. This is also a large transportation crossing, an industrial and a trading center of Ruhr.
1. While communicating with the locals, it is worth keeping in mind some important nuances. When you talk to other person, you should say not only his/her name, but also the position of the person....
Architectural style of this city does not have traditional traits of gothic and baroque influences. Lutheranism has had strong positions here and so this fact is reflected in the city's architecture as well. After many ancient cities Wuppertal looks minimalistic. Even churches here are not distinguished by their elegant design. However, this doesn't mean there's absolutely nothing to see in Wuppertal. Here are not many historical sights and places of interest as the majority of them have been destroyed during bombings on World War II. Many buildings were completely burnt during the war as well. During the war times a large concentration camp was organized here. This wasn't a camp for condemned men, but a place for concentration of labor forces.
Among the sights of the city we can mention the oldest monorail pendant road in the country. The road is 13.5 kilometers long. Even it was built 110 years ago the road is functioning even now. You can also visit the city's town hall that has been renovated after the war, Bismarck's tower, the house of Engels, the local Botanical Garden, and see performances in Opera Theatre.


text:
Theorem. Let $G$ be a finite, non-abelian $p$-group all of whose proper subgroups are abelian. Then $|G'|=p$.
Take a counterexample of minimal order. Assume that exist a $H$ such that $1


Wikia
Vim Tips Wiki
Show the length of the current word
Talk0
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this wiki
Tip 258 Printable Monobook Previous Next
created 2002 · complexity intermediate · author colin dearing · version 6.0
Ever wondered how long the current word is? This can be quite useful when editing data files. Add the following to your vimrc:
nnoremap <C-_> :echo 'word' expand('<cword>') 'has length' strlen(expand('<cword>'))<CR>
Then press Ctrl-_ to display the word under the cursor, and its length. The length is the number of bytes in the word, which is not the same as the number of characters if a multi-byte encoding is used. To get the number of characters, use:
nnoremap <C-_> :echo 'word' expand('<cword>') 'has length' strlen(substitute(expand('<cword>'), '.', 'x', 'g'))<CR>
For strings that aren't words, use the following to show the number of bytes in visually selected text when Ctrl-_ is pressed:
vnoremap <C-_> "-y:echo 'text' @- 'has length' strlen(@-)<CR>
It would be better to use :set showcmd to display the length (in bytes and characters) of any visually selected text. Then type viw to select the current word and show its length (v starts a character-wise visual selection and iw selects the inner word).
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text:
Lochnell pupils on their bikes to officially open new cycle path
A NEW cycle path between the Sea Life Centre in Barcaldine and Ferlochan was officially opened recently by Lochnell Primary School pupils.
The three-mile path forms part of the National Cycle Network Route 78, the Caledonia Way, which stretches from Campbeltown to Inverness.
The path was constructed by the Scottish Government, in partnership with Argyll and Bute Council and Sustrans Scotland, a charity which encourages people to walk, cycle and use public transport to help both their health and the environment. Deputy director of Sustrans Scotland Daisy Narayanan, who attended the opening, said: ' We're delighted to launch this great new section of route today and to have the opportunity to thank the local communities who have been so supportive throughout its construction.
'The project is the result of years of partnership working between Sustrans Scotland, Transport Scotland, Argyll and Bute Council and, crucially, local people. It's great to see that it's already being well used by visitors and locals.' Elaine Rob- ertson, councillor for Oban North and Lorn, has been supporting the creation of the Caledonia Way for the past 12 years.
She said: 'The route connects our communities in a sustainable way. It's allowing children to get to school safely, and it's well used by families out walking, people on horses, and local residents cycling between local villages. It's wonderful to see how it's progressed in recent years and I'm delighted that it's been so warmly welcomed by local people and community councils.'
PEDAL POWER: Lochnell Primary School pupils, Daisy Navayanan and Elaine Robertson open the new cycle route next to
the Sealife Centre.


text:
Environmental Economics & Policies; Markets and Market Access; Economic Theory & Research; Access to Markets; Insurance & Risk Mitigation
Summary: Venezuela's agricultural sector is heavily regulated and protected. As part of structural adjustment, the government is considering major reform of its agricultural trade policies. The strategy is to introduce competition into the economy by removing government price controls and liberalizing trade. In 1990, the Government proposed a price stabilization scheme to ease the liberalization of quota-driven, price-managed domestic markets for several "essential" commodities - including maize, sorghum, rice, wheat, sugar, palm oil, soybeans and soybean products. The authors analyzed historical data to demonstrate the effects of several alternative stabilization schemes on domestic prices and government revenues. They also calculated average welfare benefits, including transfer and risk benefits, based on assumptions about risk aversion among producers. The effects of the various stabilization schemes on government revenues and producer welfare depend on both the crop and the method of stabilization chosen. Generally, the authors conclude that a wide price band, based on a moving average of nominal border prices, is the least offensive of the stabilization proposals, providing benefits when price movements are extreme but preserving average international price signals.
Official, scanned versions of documents (may include signatures, etc.)


path& base) const;
 // [fs.path.itr], iterators
 class iterator;
 using const_iterator = iterator;
 iterator begin() const;
 iterator end() const;
 };
}
value_type is a typedef for the operating system dependent encoded character type used to represent pathnames.
The value of the preferred_separator member is the operating system dependent preferred-separator character ([fs.path.generic]).
[Example
:
For POSIX-based operating systems, value_type is char and preferred_separator is the slash character ('/').
For Windows-based operating systems, value_type is wchar_t and preferred_separator is the backslash character (L'\\').
end example
]
30.11.7.1 Generic pathname format [fs.path.generic]
pathname:
 root-name root-directory relative-path
root-name:
 operating system dependent sequences of characters
 implementation-defined sequences of characters
root-directory:
 directory-separator
relative-path:
 filename
 filename directory-separator relative-path
 an empty path
filename:
 non-empty sequence of characters other than directory-separator characters
directory-separator:
 preferred-separator directory-separator
 fallback-separator directory-separator
preferred-separator:
 operating system dependent directory separator character
fallback-separator:
 /, if preferred-separator is not /
A filename is the name of a file.
Filenames dot and dot-dot, consisting solely of one and two period characters respectively, have special meaning.
The following characteristics of filenames are operating system dependent:
 - The permitted characters.
 [Example
 :
 Some operating systems prohibit the ASCII control characters (0x00 – 0x1F) in filenames.
 end example
 ]
 [Note
 :
 For wide portability, users may wish to limit filename characters to the POSIX Portable Filename Character Set:
 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . _ -
 end note
 ]
 - The maximum permitted length.
 - Filenames that are not permitted.
 - Filenames that have special meaning.
 - Case awareness and sensitivity during path resolution.
 - Special rules that may apply to file types other than regular files, such as directories.
Except in a root-name, multiple successive directory-separator characters are considered to be the same as one directory-separator character.
The filename dot is treated as a reference to the current directory.
The filename dot-dot is treated as a reference to the parent directory.
What the filename dot-dot refers to relative to root-directory is implementation-defined.
Specific filenames may have special meanings for a particular operating system.
A root-name identifies the starting location for pathname resolution ([fs.class.path]).
If there are no operating system dependent root-names, at least one implementation-defined root-name is required.
[Note
:
Many operating systems define a name beginning with two directory-separator characters as a root-name that identifies network or other resource locations.
Some operating systems define a single letter followed by a colon as a drive specifier – a root-name identifying a specific device such as a disk drive.
end note
]
If a root-name is otherwise ambiguous, the possibility with the longest sequence of characters is chosen.
[Note
:
On a POSIX-like operating system, it is impossible to have a root-name and a relative-path without an intervening root-directory element.
end note
]
Normalization of a generic format pathname means:
 1. 1.
 If the path is empty, stop.
 2. 2.
 Replace each slash character in the root-name with a preferred-separator.
 3. 3.
 [Note
 :
 The generic pathname grammar ([fs.path.generic]) defines directory-separator as one or more slashes and preferred-separators.
 end note
 ]
 4. 4.
 Remove each dot filename and any immediately following directory-separator.
 5. 5.
 As long as any appear, remove a non-dot-dot filename immediately followed by a directory-separator and a dot-dot filename, along with any immediately following directory-separator.
 6. 6.
 If there is a root-directory, remove all dot-dot filenames and any directory-separators immediately following them.
 [Note
 :
 These dot-dot filenames attempt to refer to nonexistent parent directories.
 end note
 ]
 7. 7.
 If the last filename is dot-dot, remove any trailing directory-separator.
 8. 8.
 If the path is empty, add a dot.
The result of normalization is a path in normal form, which is said to be normalized.
30.11.7.2 path conversions [fs.path.cvt]
30.11.7.2.1 path argument format conversions [fs.path.fmt.cvt]
[Note
:
The format conversions described in this subclause are not applied on POSIX-based operating systems because on these systems:
 - The generic format is acceptable as a native path.
 - There is no need to distinguish between native format and generic format in function arguments.
 - Paths for regular files and paths for directories share the same syntax.
end note
]
Several functions are defined to accept detected-format arguments, which are character sequences.
A detected-format argument represents a path using either a pathname in the generic format ([fs.path.generic]) or a pathname in the native format ([fs.class.path]).
Such an argument is taken to be in the generic format if and only if it matches the generic format and is not acceptable to the operating system as a native path.
[Note
:
Some operating systems may have no unambiguous way to distinguish between native format and generic format arguments.
This is by design as it simplifies use for operating systems that do not require disambiguation.
An implementation for an operating system where disambiguation is required is permitted to distinguish between the formats.
end note
]
Pathnames are converted as needed between the generic and native formats in an operating-system-dependent manner.
Let G(n) and N(g) in a mathematical sense be the implementation's functions that convert native-to-generic and generic-to-native formats respectively.
If g=G(n) for some n, then G(N(g))=g; if n=N(g) for some g, then N(G(n))=n.
[Note
:
Neither G nor N need be invertible.
end note
]
If the native format requires paths for regular files to be formatted differently from paths for directories, the path shall be treated as a directory path if its last element is a directory-separator, otherwise it shall be treated as a path to a regular file.
[Note
:
A path stores a native format pathname ([fs.path.native.obs]) and acts as if it also stores a generic format pathname, related as given below.
The implementation may generate the generic format pathname based on the native format pathname (and possibly other information) when requested.
end note
]
When a path is constructed from or is assigned a single representation separate from any path, the other representation is selected by the appropriate conversion function (G or N).
When the (new) value p of one representation of a path is derived from the representation of that or another path, a value q is chosen for the other representation.
The value q converts to p (by G or N as appropriate) if any such value does so; q is otherwise unspecified.
[Note
:
If q is the result of converting any path at all, it is the result of converting p.
end note
]
30.11.7.2.2 path type and encoding conversions [fs.path.type.cvt]
The native encoding of a narrow character string is the operating system dependent current encoding for pathnames ([fs.class.path]).
The native encoding for wide character strings is the implementation-defined execution wide-character set encoding ([lex.charset]).
For member function arguments that take character sequences representing paths and for member functions returning strings, value type and encoding conversion is performed if the value type of the argument or return value differs from path::value_type.
For the argument or return value, the method of conversion and the encoding to be converted to is determined by its value type:
 - char: The encoding is the native narrow encoding.
 The method of conversion, if any, is operating system dependent.
 [Note
 :
 For POSIX-based operating systems path::value_type is char so no conversion from char value type arguments or to char value type return values is performed.
 For Windows-based operating systems, the native narrow encoding is determined by calling a Windows API function.
 end note
 ]
 [Note
 :
 This results in behavior identical to other C and C++ standard library functions that perform file operations using narrow character strings to identify paths


text:
Urologist warns iced tea can contribute to painful kidney stones
(Medical Xpress) -- This is the peak season for drinking iced tea, but a Loyola University Medical Center urologist is warning the popular drink can contribute to painful kidney stones.
Iced tea contains high concentrations of oxalate, one of the key chemicals that lead to the formation of kidney stones, a common disorder of the urinary tract that affects about 10 percent of the population in the United States.
"For people who have a tendency to form the most common type of kidney stones, iced tea is one of the worst things to drink," said Dr. John Milner, assistant professor, Department of Urology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine.
The most common cause of kidney stones is not drinking enough fluids. And during the summer, people can become dehydrated from sweating. Dehydration, combined with increased iced tea consumption, raises the risk of kidney stones, especially in people already at risk.
"People are told that in the summertime they should drink more fluids," Milner said. "A lot of people choose to drink more iced tea because it is low in calories and tastes better than water. However, in terms of kidney stones, they might be doing themselves a disservice."
Though hot tea also contains oxalate, it's hard to drink enough to cause kidney stones, Milner said. About 85 percent of tea consumed in the United States is iced, according to the Tea Association of the USA.
Men are four times more likely to develop kidney stones than women, and the risk rises dramatically after age 40. Postmenopausal women with low estrogen levels and women who have had their ovaries removed also are at increased risk.
Kidney stones are small crystals that form from minerals and salt normally found in the urine in the kidneys or ureters, the small tubes that drain urine from the kidney to the bladder. Kidney stones usually are so small they are harmlessly expelled from the body. But stones sometimes grow large enough to become lodged in the ureters.
To quench thirst and properly hydrate, water is the best choice, Milner said. Real lemonade (not powdered) is another good option. "Lemons are high in citrates, which inhibit the growth of kidney stones," Milner said.
Milner advised that people at risk for kidney stones should cut back on foods that contain high concentrations of oxalates, such as spinach, chocolate, rhubarb and nuts. They should ease up on salt, eat meat sparingly, drink several glasses of water a day and eat foods that provide adequate amounts of calcium, which reduces the amount of oxalate the body absorbs.
Milner also advises that if you drink iced tea and have kidney stones, ask your specialist if the drink could be a contributing factor. (Patients aren't always asked.) If so, it is relatively easy to check if you are producing too many oxalates.
"Like many people, I enjoy drinking iced tea in the summer," Milner said. "But don't overdo it. As with so many things involving a healthy lifestyle, moderation is the key."
Provided by Loyola University Health System
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Classical and Quantum Mechanics via Lie algebras
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Condition Monitoring
Regular post-treatment monitoring for changes in condition is imperative as the causes of deterioration, soluble salts, are still present, and mitigation of deterioration depends on environmental control.
Post-treatment condition monitoring program
The nature and extent of treatment undertaken in Cave 85 requires the implementation of a post-treatment condition monitoring plan. The principal remedial treatments of the wall paintings, injection grouting and soluble-salt reduction, were undertaken on a large scale, reflecting pre-treatment conditions of extensive areas of plaster detachment and widespread salt contamination of the plaster and rock substrate. The scale of the interventions was matched by their high-risk nature. Grouting is both an invasive and imprecise intervention. Similarly, the reduction of soluble salts is also potentially hazardous, risking the redistribution of soluble salts, particularly in the case of earthen plasters. Moreover, remedial treatment was not a means of halting the complex and diverse range of environmental deterioration processes in the cave. Thus, a condition monitoring strategy must also reflect the continuing vulnerability of the plaster and paint materials, and anticipate all other aspects of potential future deterioration.
High resolution post-treatment documentation photographs, photographic details in incident and raking light, post-treatment graphic documentation, and written notes of specific monitoring areas provide the basis for assessing change. The monitored areas included representative examples of all recorded deterioration phenomena, and both treated and untreated areas. Given the difficulty of assessing painting condition, training of personnel is a critical component of the monitoring program.
Page updated: January 2014


text:
Grange Insurance Headquarters Expansion
The incorporation of Green Infrastructure into urban sites has gained broader acceptance as a way to reduce stormwater runoff into nearby rivers and waterways. The Grange Insurance Headquarters expansion in urban Columbus, Ohio, is an excellent example of the connection between Green Infrastructure and an urban site. EMH&T provided civil/site engineering for this 10-story office expansion in the Brewery District of Columbus. To meet Ohio EPA and City water quality regulations, numerous atypical sustainable stormwater techniques were initiated, including: a complex hydraulically designed raised runnel system that channels roof rainwater into a rain garden, water storage for irrigation, three buried detention systems, and a planter/buried tank combination releasing captured stormwater into a public combined sewer system. With these systems in place, the development site is equipped to optimize post-construction water quality treatment for frequent rainfall events and also manage larger, infrequent storm events. The green infrastructure features designed for this development site reduced construction costs by 25% compared to a more traditional buried pipe system.


text:
Sound Level for Passenger Cars and Light Trucks
This SAE Standard establishes the test procedure, environment, and instrumentation for determining the exterior sound level for passenger cars, multipurpose vehicles, and light trucks having a gross vehicle mass rating of 4540 kg or less. The test procedure is characterized by having fixed initial conditions, i.e., an as-specified initial vehicle speed and gear selection at a fixed start point on the test site. Full-throttle acceleration and closed-throttle deceleration of the vehicle are included in this procedure. Sound levels determined in accordance with this document are dependent on the performance capability of the test vehicle, as influenced by power-to-mass ratio and overall powertrain gear ratio.


text:
Prince William who is slated to be the future king has inherited the Duchy of Cornwall private estate from his father who ascended to the throne following the death of Queen Elizabeth II.
Recall, that Queen Elizabeth passed away on Thursday, September 8, 2022, at the age of 96, after over seventy years on the throne.
Prince Charles has been declared the King of the United Kingdom following the death of his mother, Queen Elizabeth II, and accedes to the throne as King Charles III.
As King Charles III ascends the throne, the heir to the throne which is Prince William will inherit the Duchy of Cornwall estate from his father.
The estate is a sprawling portfolio that includes properties and land in southwest England estimated at 140,000 acres.
King Edward III created the estate way back in 1337 and is valued at around N214 billion according to financial books.
According to reports, the estate's revenue is utilised in funding charitable activities and public coffers.
Forbes estimated last year that Queen Elizabeth's personal fortune was worth $500 million, encompassing her jewels, art collection, investments and two residences — Balmoral Castle in Scotland and Sandringham House in Norfolk, both of which she inherited from her father, King George VI.
Properties make up the lion's share of royal wealth, with the family assets totaling at least £18 billion ($21 billion).
As the reigning monarch, King Charles is now the keeper of the Crown Estate, valued at £16.5 billion ($19 billion).
However, he is required to hand over all estate profits to the government in exchange for a portion — dubbed the Sovereign Grant, used primarily to pay staff and maintain the properties — as part of an arrangement dating back to 1760.
King Charles is also now the keeper of the Duchy of Lancaster estate, which dates back to 1265 and was most recently valued at about £653 million ($764 million).
Unlike the Crown Estate, both duchies are considered private estates on which Charles and William are not required to pay taxes or give any details beyond reporting their income. CNN notes that both duchies have voluntarily paid income tax since 1993.
Meanwhile, the Institute for Government website states that the King may only spend the Sovereign Grant money on royal duties and that neither he nor his heir is allowed to benefit from the sale of assets in their duchies. Any profit from said sales would be reinvested back into the estate.


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The app available in your account live shows the most basic parts of the Mobsted platform. It often makes sense to click around by yourself to learn how things work. Here is how to use it.
Open the app
Mouse over and click it. Or press MENU > CONSTRUCTOR
Making sense of screens
Press Screens on the left panel. Each example has two screens. For example, "1 Intro Static Forms" and "1 Static Form".
Making sense of how it all works
1. Select any Intro screen and read what the sample is all about.
2. Select the non Intro screen with the same number (GREEN), select any of the components on the screen ( BLUE) and view how it is set up on the right (ORANGE)


Reverse Word Search Lookup
Dictionary Suite
adenine in chemistry, a crystalline base that is a constituent of nucleic acid in organs such as the pancreas and spleen.
analysis careful scrutiny of constituent parts in order to thoroughly understand the whole. [2/4 definitions]
component a part or element of a whole; constituent. [1/2 definitions]
configuration the relation or arrangement of the constituent parts of something. [1/6 definitions]
configure to set or arrange the constituent elements of (something) in a particular way so as to have a working combination. [1/2 definitions]
consistency agreement or compatibility between or among constituent elements. [1/3 definitions]
constituent a component; constituent part. [1/4 definitions]
constitutive essential; constituent. [1/2 definitions]
guanine in biochemistry, a purine constituent of nucleic acids.
martensite a hard brittle solid solution of iron and a small portion of carbon which is the main constituent of various carbon steels and is produced by chilling heated steel.
orthoclase a monoclinic feldspar that is a common constituent in igneous rock such as granite.
phenylalanine an essential amino acid that is a constituent of many proteins.
resolution the process of separating into constituent parts, as light into the colors of the spectrum. [1/8 definitions]
resolve to break down into constituent parts; separate. [2/8 definitions]
resolvent capable of causing a breaking down into constituent parts; solvent. [1/2 definitions]
salt the white or colorless solid compound known chemically as sodium chloride and used chiefly for preserving and seasoning foods; a constituent of seawater. [1/10 definitions]
Serbia a former kingdom, now a constituent republic in eastern Yugoslavia.
Soviet Union formerly, a country, comprising fifteen constituent republics, in eastern Europe and northern Asia; Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; Russia.
subatom a constituent of an atom; atomic particle.


text: The main purpose of controlling the distillation process is to maintain the composition of the products in an intended specification in order to optimize operating costs and meet market requirements. Line analyzers and laboratory analysis are generally used for composition information. However, such alternatives are expensive, do not provide information in real time and are not always feasible or available. In this context, soft sensors emerge as a cheaper alternative. The aim of this work is to develop a soft sensor to infer online the ethanol content in the products of a batch distillation process of watermelon wine, based on temperature measurements. The developed model consists in a multilayer perceptron artificial neural network with one hidden layer. The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was used to optimize the weights. In order to train and validating the ANN, real distillation data of water-alcohol binary mixtures with initial compositions similar to the watermelon wine used. The simulation was also validated with real data of wine distillations. The RMSE was applied in the performance evaluation of the model and its result was 0.029 in mass fraction, showing the feasibility of its use as a soft sensor.


text:
Students visit Hermès exhibit in Mumbai
Witnessing the elation of movement, FAD students visited the Hermes Heritage 'In Motion' exhibit in Mumbai.
Steeped in perfection and heritage, French powerhouse Hermès has preserved its position as a vital contributor in constructing the luxury fashion landscape. Conducive to diversify the iconic label, Hermès Heritage is a movement of to
uring exhibitions that exhibits an open dialogue between Hermès' history and its contemporaneity. The series includes four chapters namely - Harnessing The Roots, Rouges Hermès, In Motion and Once Upon a Bag.
Hermes Heritage exhibited its 3rd chapter, 'In Motion' at the IFBE Gallery in Mumbai this year. FAD students from the Mumbai and Pune campuses received the opportunity to visit the prestigious exhibit with the HOD of Fashion Design, Nazia Hafeez & HOD of Fashion Styling- Andy Barve.
The students were give a guided tour of the exhibit by Hermes Press Executive- Mishfa Kazi, wherein they discussed and witnessed some of the iconic creations like the first ever Hermès scarf featuring a pattern of horse-drawn carriages, feather weight Flâneur d'Hermès bicycle, striking pair of postilion riding boots from Emile Hermès Museum, the Bolide picnic bag created by the fashion house in the 1920's and the Kelly rocking horse bag created in 2004.
Hermes Heritage In Motion celebrates the delight of travelling and movement. Exploring the history of the house with its iconic themes, colours and objects, represented by generations of craftsmen. 'In Motion' showcased around 30 objects from Hermes that infuses within them the desire to take off, roam, ramble and to go elsewhere.
Industry visits as such impart the vast exposure and expertise vital for students before commencing their journey in the luxury segment of the fashion industry.


text:
Questions on allocating 529 contributions and gift tax liabilities over the five-year period.
1. RIA's 706/709 Deskbook contains the following observation:
The proposed regulations state that a donor may take certain contributions to a QTP into account ratably over five years only with respect to contributions not in excess of five times the annual exclusion amount [Prop. Reg. 1.529-5(b)(2)]. The authors believe that this provision would permit the following, although guidance is not clear.
Example 25D-5: Excess QTP contribution-election of amount less than $65,000.
Taxpayer contributes $33,000 to a QTP in Year 1 and elects to treat $25,000 as a prorated contribution over five years. (Assume a $13,000 annual exclusion for all five years.) Thus, in Year 1, taxpayer utilizes the annual exclusion amount with an $8,000 (non-prorated) contribution and $5,000 from the amount subject to the election to prorate. In Years 2 through 5, the taxpayer is electing to treat as a prorated contribution $5,000 per year.
I believe that the statute specifically requires that the entire $33,000 contribution in RIA's example be allocated over the five-year period. Have you focused on this issue?
The statement quoted above is in RIA's PPC Federal Tax Compliance Library, the 706/709 Deskbook, Chapter 25, Key Issue 25D.
First, why does the taxpayer in the above example want to make the election over only $25,000 and not $33,000? Because the taxpayer wants to use fully his or her annual exclusion for Year 1, and by doing so reduces the amount of annual exclusion deemed to be used for Years 2 through 5 from $6,600 per year ($33,000 ÷ 5) to $5,000 ($25,000 ÷ 5). Thus the taxpayer can make greater additional annual exclusion gifts in Years 2 through 5.
I read the statute as requiring the entire contribution to the 529 account to be subject to the five-year election, if such election is made. I read the proposed regulations as trying to modify this rule only to provide that if the aggregate contributions exceed five times the annual exclusion amount, the excess must be treated as a taxable gift all in Year 1 and cannot be spread out over five years.


text:
Indiana's first African-American physician is being honored on Tuesday, more than a century after his death, with a commemorative grave marker.
The unmarked grave that is believed to belong to Dr. Samuel A. Elbert, a physician who faced racial barriers attaining his medical degree at the Medical College of Indiana, will finally be turned into a headstone at the Crown Hill Cemetery.
The Indianapolis Historical Society along with the Aesculapian Medical Society have been working together to push the installment of the marker recognizing Elbert's achievements as one of the first black medical pioneers.
Senior archivist from the Indianapolis Historical Society Wilma Moore said, "Grave markers always suggest legacy and legacy is important to let folks know that you were here. They also suggest what you did when you were here and that you will not be forgotten. Certainly in Dr. Elbert's case his legacy is great."
According to the Indianapolis Star, Elbert challenged the the Medical College of Indiana in 1871, after they refused to recognize him as a student or grant him a medical degree despite paying tuition and attending classes. He eventually won the case, making him the first licensed African-American physician in Indiana.
Elbert's prominence in the medical community grew from serving for one term as president of the Indianapolis Board of Health to being appointed by then-President Benjamin Harrison to serve as the local pension surgeon in the late 1800s. He ended up declining the appointment after receiving opposition from whites in the medical community.
Elbert's grave marker will be unveiled at the Crown Hill Cemetery in a formal ceremony at 5:30 p.m. Tuesday.
Source: The Grio


text:
Contains 11 Results:
This folder includes the last will and testaments of Francis Bacon and John Bacon, passages from the diary of George Bacon that also act as recordings for the Cumberland Furnace from February 5, 1813 to December 18, 1821, and various genealogical information.
This folder contains the handwritten Bacon genealogy beginning with Samuel Bacon.
Genealogical and biographical information on Allen Farquhar (b.1737) and his descendants, Francis (_PHONE_) and Hannah Farquhar (_PHONE_) and Robert Farquhar (1901- 1983); a picture presumably of Jacob Greene.
This folder includes the genealogical information of the Allen family, Balderston family, Barustable family, Comfort family, Corzine family, Cowles family, Elfreth family, Evans family, Horner family, Scattergood family, Shoemaker family, Stewart family, Stokes family, Test family, and the Tyler family.
This folder contains a graduation program for the Westtown Boarding School class of 1906 and a certificate of merit presented to Edith Bacon. Also included in the folder is a certificate from the American Institute of Architects given to Francis Bacon meant to celebrate his 25 years of being their Dean, and an invitation to the 50th anniversary of Francis and Edith Bacon.
This folder contains letters dating from December 13, 1903 to 1912 sent by Alice Comfort. These letters convey a sense of Quaker life from the perspective of a child. The second-to-last letter in the folder is partially written in German.
This folder contains letters dating from August 2, 1933 to March 22, 1980s sent by Alice Bacon to her parents and other individuals. These letters discuss music education, peace issues, religious education, and travel. Some written from Westtown School.
This folder contains a letter sent by Hannah Allen to her parents and brothers, and letters sent by Agnes Bacon to her mother from December 11, 1982 to January 20, 1983.


text:
To learn how this map can be used in the classroom click here
Published by the New York firm of Currier and Ives, this dramatic and colorful birds eye view observes the city from the northeast. It places the eastern waterfront with numerous ships, wharves, and warehouses in the foreground. A variety of important buildings and localities are identified in the lower margin, but are not clearly linked to specific buildings in the drawing. As is characteristic of Currier and Ives urban views, the buildings in the immediate foreground and center portions are shown in the greatest detail, while the upper half of the drawing is generalized and buildings only suggested as the city fades into the background.
Without knowledge of the 1872 Harpers Weekly view, one would assume this to be a portrayal of the city as it existed in 1873, the year of publication. However, this view does not show any of the destruction resulting from the November 1872 fire. Granted the burned district was quickly rebuilt within one to two years, but in comparing the two images and considering the acknowledgements in the Harpers Weekly article, Parsons sketches of the city, from which the lithograph was derived, were apparently recorded before the fire.
Charles R. Parsons and his father Charles Parsons, who became head of the art department at Harpers publishing firm in 1863, were involved in the production of approximately 40 urban views during the last half of the 19th century. Generally these views, and especially those drawn by the son, were published by Currier and Ives. This firm, which was noted for its production of popular American prints during the last half of the 19th century, was founded by Nathaniel Currier, a local figure, born and raised in the Roxbury suburb of Boston, and apprenticed with William and John Pendleton, who operated Bostons first lithography shop.


text:
SAP NetWeaver Identity Management: Password Hook Configuration Guide
This manual consists of five sections. In the first section you see how to install and update the Password Hook. The second section describes how you configure the Password Hook. The third section describes integration with the Identity Center. The fourth section highlights some implementation considerations, while the fifth section is about troubleshooting. The introduction describes the scenario, some security and policy issues and file locations.


text:
Hi everyone! I'm a descendant of Patience Brewster Prence and Gov Thomas Prence, through their daughter Rebecca Prence, who married Edmund Freeman III. Their daughter Patience Freeman married Joseph Burgess, who's daughter Rebecca Burgess married Paul Harrelson. The volunteers of family search notified me regarding this connection, stating that I was the descendant of William Brewster, the original mayflower ppl. When I reached out to the mayflower society of New York, they discredited my lineage by saying that their 5th Generation Rebecca Burgess DID NOT marry Paul Harrelson, instead she married Edward Rose.
Why do African American Descendants meet with such discrepancies when searching our ancestors, especially when it links to European settlers in this continent???
Family Tree has at least 3 women named Rebecca Burgess who married a Paul Harrelson:
And at least 1 women named Rebecca Burgess who married an Edward Rose:
L5KR-RDP (Mayflower descendant)
Which of the first three couples are your ancestors, @Shakimono? And do you have historical records to show that your ancestor Rebecca Burgess was married twice?


text:
Tips for Parents
lend support by listening: being a sounding board for your student
While it's likely that most students will utilize and value their peers' thoughts on these decisions, some will also call home looking for help from parents. It's often easiest and quickest to just offer advice, rather than listening to a student's thought process surrounding the pros and cons of a particular decision. It's also easy to devalue significant influences for them, at times forgetting what it's like to be their age.
Helping Students Make Their Own Decisions
When your student does call home to process a decision, consider asking a lot of questions, rather than answering them. Here are some questions you can ask to help your student come to her own conclusion:
If you can't spend the time to have a detailed conversation right when your student calls, assure him that you want to assist in the decision-making process. Let your student know that it's not a good time (i.e. you are making dinner or ready to head out the door with your student's sibling) and set up another time to chat. Your student will appreciate your honesty and commitment to provide your undivided attention. Plus, you'll be less likely to get agitated and short-tempered, especially if the decision is one with which you might not necessarily agree.
Having these types of conversations also helps the parent/student relationship continue to mature. As students get older and graduate from college, they begin looking to their parents more as peers. Knowing they can come to you for assistance with decisions not only will teach them valuable lessons, but will also continue to forge a meaningful network of family support.
Prepared for our institution by PaperClip Communications, _URL_.
Copyright 2006, 125 Paterson Ave., Little Falls, NJ 07424


text:
TheDraw is a text editor for MS DOS to create ANSI and animations as well as ASCII art. The editor is especially useful to create or modify files in ANSI format and text documents, which use the graphical characters of the IBM ASCII code pages, because they are not supported by Microsoft Windows anymore. The first version of the editor was developed in 1986 by Ian E. Davis of TheSoft Programming Services. The last public version of the editor was version 4.63, which was released in October 1993.
TheDraw was one of the first ANSI editors that supported ANSIs longer than 25 rows. The limit in the latest available version is still 100 rows. Other editors, such as ACiDDraw are able to support ANSIs larger than 100 lines for a single ANSI/ASCII (ACiDDraw supports 1,000 lines). The animation mode is limited to 50 lines (rows). The column width can be extended from the standard 80 characters to 160, but this also reduces the row limit down to 50.
Compatibility with Microsoft Windows
The program runs stably in a DOS Window on Windows XP and allows the user to maintain mouse control. Used with Windows Vista however, TheDraw performs with less predictable results. It works with DOSBox.
Significant features
Some of the features of the editor include:
- Mouse support to select blocks of text within the editor (even under Windows in window and full-screen mode)
- For the selected area/block exist a number of unique functions
- Fill function to change the color of a whole section of the text
- Copy/Move and Paste function to copy/move entire blocks of text within the document.
- Erase function that clears the selected area of any characters without the surrounding characters changing position.
- Replace function to replace the content of the selected area with the content of the TheDraw "clipboard".
- Load/Save function to save only the selected area or load an ANSI/ASCII from the hard disk into the selected area (replace).
- Font manager to create/modify and organize ASCII and ANSI fonts to be used within the editor
- Additional file formats in addition to ANSI (.ANS) and text (.ASC).
- The proprietary PCBoard (.PCB) and Wildcat! BBS (.BBS) file formats.
- The AVATAR (.AVT) file standard defined by FidoNet.
- Save files for various programming languages, including Assembly (.ASM), C (.H) and Turbo Pascal (.PAS).
- Ability to save ANSIs as.COM binary,.BIN and object code (.OBJ).
- Other supported formats: BSave (.BSV) and backup files (.BAK)
- Comprehensive help screens
- Preset transition animations to wipe or change the image
- ANSI animation support (creation and modification)
- The "Draw Mode" used automatically the appropriate character from the currently selected set to draw lines and corners by simply using the cursor keys (up/down/left/right)
- The default character sets can be modified and extended
See also
- Chambers, M. (1994) Running a perfect BBS, Que. ISBN 978-1-56529-919-1.


text:
The method above is still valid when encoding HTML tags, but fails short when encoding quotations and ampersands.
We need to encode the ampersands (the '). This will produce a correct output:
The \ will escape the ' signs.
For us who does not have the possibility to use.NET 4.0, the function is pretty easy to develop. And why not pair it with the System.Uri.EscapeDataString() so you get a complete clean string encoding.
This Extension Method will escape the data and all quotes in one go:
To use the function you can do the following:
Now you will never have any problems with HTML tags, quotes, double quotes, ampersands or other special signs.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
How do __hash__ and __eq__ use in identification in sets? For example some code that should help to solve some domino puzzle:
class foo(object):
 def __init__(self, one, two):
 self.one = one
 self.two = two
 def __eq__(self,other):
 if (self.one == other.one) and (self.two == other.two): return True
 if (self.two == other.one) and (self.one == other.two): return True
 return False
 def __hash__(self):
 return hash(self.one + self.two)
s = set()
for i in range(7):
 for j in range(7):
len(s) // returns 28 Why?
If i use only __eq__() len(s) equals 49. Its ok because as i understand objects (1-2 and 2-1 for example) not same, but represent same domino. So I have added hash function.
Now it works the way i want, but i did not understand one thing: hash of 1-3 and 2-2 should be same so they should counted like same object and shouldn't added to set. But they do! Im stuck.
share|improve this question
add comment
4 Answers
up vote 2 down vote accepted
Equality for dict/set purposes depends on equality as defined by __eq__. However, it is required that objects that compare equal have the same hash value, and that is why you need __hash__. See this question for some similar discussion.
The hash itself does not determine whether two objects count as the same in dictionaries. The hash is like a "shortcut" that only works one way: if two objects have different hashes, they are definitely not equal; but if they have the same hash, they still might not be equal.
In your example, you defined __hash__ and __eq__ to do different things. The hash depends only on the sum of the numbers on the domino, but the equality depends on both individual numbers (in order). This is legal, since it is still the case that equal dominoes have equal hashes. However, like I said above, it doesn't mean that equal-sum dominoes will be considered equal. Some unequal dominoes will still have equal hashes. But equality is still determined by __eq__, and __eq__ still looks at both numbers, in order, so that's what determines whether they are equal.
It seems to me that the appropriate thing to do in your case is to define both __hash__ and __eq__ to depend on the ordered pair --- that is, first compare the greater of the two numbers, then compare the lesser. This will mean that 2-1 and 1-2 will be considered the same.
share|improve this answer
Still not all clear. It stop work if i comment __hash__ or __eq__. And I still dont know why it works now. Is it uses both __eq__ and __hash__ to determin in? I hoped someone can tell me how this comparison works. Something about if hash1 == hash2 and if (eq) and so on... – Александр Зотов Jan 16 '13 at 7:52
_USER_ Зотов: You'll need to be more specific than that. Did you read the question I linked to? What is it that remains unclear? – BrenBarn Jan 16 '13 at 7:53
add comment
The hash is only a hint to help Python arrange the objects. When looking for some object foo in a set, it still has to check each object in the set with the same hash as foo.
It's like having a bookshelf for every letter of the alphabet. Say you want to add a new book to your collection, only if you don't have a copy of it already; you'd first go to the shelf for the appropriate letter. But then you have to look at each book on the shelf and compare it to the one in your hand, to see if it's the same. You wouldn't discard the new book just because there's something already on the shelf.
If you want to use some other value to filter out "duplicates", then use a dict that maps the domino's total value to the first domino you saw. Don't subvert builtin Python behavior to mean something entirely different. (As you've discovered, it doesn't work in this case, anyway.)
share|improve this answer
add comment
You can read about this in the Python data model documentation, but the short answer is that you can rewrite your hash function as:
def __hash__(self):
 return hash(tuple(sorted((self.one, self.two))))
share|improve this answer
this would get him further from what he wants; 1 2 and 2 1 would once again count as the same domino. but he should be doing this anyway, yes. :) – Eevee Jan 16 '13 at 6:35
_USER_ - thanks fixed – Andrew Walker Jan 16 '13 at 6:37
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The requirement for hash functions is that if x == y for two values, then hash(x) == hash(y). The reverse need not be true.
You can easily see why this is the case by considering hashing of strings. Lets say that hash(str) returns a 32-bit number, and we are hashing strings longer than 4 characters long (i.e. contain more than 32 bits). There are more possible strings than there are possible hash values, so some non-equal strings must share the same hash (this is an application of the pigeonhole principle).
Python sets are implemented as hash tables. When checking whether an object is a member of the set, it will call its hash function and use the result to pick a bucket, and then use the equality operator to see if it matches any of the items in the bucket.
With your implementation, the 2-2 and 1-3 dominoes will end up in the hash bucket, but they don't compare equal. Therefore, the both can be added to the set.
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A rapid prototyping system and a calibration method thereof are provided. The system includes a laser generating module, a galvanometer scanner, a F-theta lens, and an activation module. The laser generating module provide a laser beam. The galvanometer scanner adjusts the incident angle of the laser beam into a focal plane.
|Translated title of the contribution||快速成形系統與其校正方法|
|Publication status||Published - 1800|


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Zheng Yujian Ex ante vs. Ex post Rationalization of Action
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This paper is part of an attempt to clarify the relationship between explanatory reasons and justificatory reasons for actions of various kinds. It draws on a distinction between two notions of rationalization, viz., ex ante and ex post rationalization, to recast the akratic case on the one hand and to explicate an adequate sense in which an explanatory but non-justificatory reason for an action rationalizes the latter on the other hand. The explication is helped by analysis of a hypothetical example, and the name "quasi-rational" is legitimated for the type of actions this example represents. Last, but not least, the paper demonstrates that an implication of the argument is the falsity of one well-known principle in Davidson's action theory, i.e., the principle claiming that the (primary) reason for an action is also its cause.


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Skunk-Cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus) is indigenous to the northern United States. It is a medium-sized perennial plant with small purple flowers. the seeds, rhizome, and roots can all be used medicinally. Skunk-Cabbage contains a variety of constituents, including an acrid principle, unspecified alkaloids, essential oil, fatty oil, phenolic compounds, and tannins. The root contains calcium oxalate; the leaves contain n-hydroxytryptamine. Skunk-Cabbage has been used for antispasmodic, expectorant, and sedative activities. It is a remedy for broncitis, cough, headache, rheumatism, skin sores, swelling, toothache, and wounds. It is used as a gastrointestinal stimulant.
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Cautions Orally, large amounts of skunk cabbage are reported to cause nausea, vomiting, headache, and vertigo.


The Lincoln League
Invisible people make the best spies.
As slaves for most of their lives, they have been treated as invisible people, barely worth notice. Now, with the Civil War marching down upon them, they decide to use their "invisibility" for the Northern cause. They become spies.
This thrilling tale is based on the real life of John Scobell, one of the first black spies in our nation's intelligence service. But as John collects secrets in northern Virginia, he has no idea that the wife he left behind in Richmond has a secret of her own. She too has become a spy in the heart of the Confederacy, and she uncovers information about Rebel submarines that could change the course of the war.
John Scobell works alongside the network of black spies active throughout the South—the Lincoln Legal Loyal League. But their world unravels when someone begins picking off agents, one by one.
In the beginning, John saw the war as a fight for honor, glory, and freedom. Suddenly, for John and Peg, it becomes a fight just to survive. Based on the true story of John Scobell.
260 pages - This is NOT a graphic novel


History of the Wurlitzer Building
History of the North Tonawanda, NY Wurlitzer BuildingThe Wurlitzer building is an example of the early modernism style of architecture, with construction beginning in 1892 and continuing until 1950. The building's proximity to the Erie Canal may have been part of the draw for Rudolph Wurlitzer; however, the structure itself was likely an attraction as well. It was large enough to accommodate everything he needed: "showrooms, customer and product training areas, public relations reception rooms, employee recreation areas, locker rooms, showers, and cafeterias."
[1] The Wurlitzer family began cultivating its reputation for making and selling fine musical instruments during the 17th century. The father of the original Wurlitzer company, Rudolph Wurlitzer, was born in Schilbach, Saxony in 1829. At age 24 he immigrated to America, and three years later, in 1856, he founded The Rudolph Wurlitzer Company in Cincinnati, Ohio. Initially he imported musical instruments from his family in Germany to sell them on the American market, but soon made his way into manufacturing. In 1880, the first Wurlitzer piano was built in the U.S., followed by the first coin-operated electric piano in 1896. This was just the beginning of what would prove to be a continuing success story as the first Wurlitzer jukebox was just a step away.
The next major musical venture for Wurlitzer came with the introduction of cinema and theatre organs. These instruments, dubbed the "Mighty Wurlitzer", created an instant sensation when they appeared on the market during the silent movie era. The introduction of Wurlitzer-driven musical soundtracks to movies fostered dramatic changes within the motion picture and entertainment industries.
Wurlitzer has historically implemented a philosophy still valid today of channeling flexibility and advanced technology into the development of innovative products. Consequently, Farny Wurlitzer, successor of the founding father, bought a patented jukebox mechanism in 1933 and hired highly skilled professionals for the design and marketing. From their new location in North Tonawanda, New York, these imaginative inventors developed the first Wurlitzer jukebox. Over the next few years Wurlitzer jukeboxes became widely embraced by operators, and by the late 1930's Wurlitzer was producing over 45,000 jukeboxes a year. The jukebox became known as the "small man's concert hall."
The Wurlitzer Building in North Tonawanda, New York wasn't alone in producing world-class musical instruments under the Wurlitzer name. With executive offices in Chicago, the company also had production facilities in Mississippi and Illinois. However, the North Tonawanda facility had the distinction of being the largest musical instrument plant in the world at the time.
Although many products were created in the Wurlitzer Building, the "Mighty Wurlitzer" may be Rudolph Wurlitzer's greatest legacy. They were a magnificent line of organs that could be found all over the world. Places like Rockefeller Center, Lincoln Center, the Hollywood Bowl, St. Patrick's Cathedral, Metropolitan Opera Music Hall, and Kleinhans Music Hall were some of the better known venues to have embraced the concert grade organ.
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Serodiscordant Relationship
Last Updated: July 2, 2018
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Definition - What does Serodiscordant Relationship mean?
A serodiscordant relationship is an intimate romantic relationship between an HIV positive person and an HIV negative person.
The term serodiscordant is a portmanteau of seroconversion, the medical term for HIV positive, and discordant, meaning at odds.
There are several synonyms for serodiscordant relationship, including serodifferent relationship, positive-negative relationship, mixed status relationship, mixed Sero-status relationship, magnetic relationship, inter-viral relationship, and sero-divergent relationship.
Kinkly explains Serodiscordant Relationship
While people in all relationships face challenges, there are some difficulties unique to serodiscordant relationships. The HIV positive person may worry about transmitting the virus to their partner, while the HIV negative person may worry about becoming HIV positive. The HIV negative person may also become overly concerned about the HIV positive person's health and care, which can become overwhelming and stifling. As HIV and the medications that treat it can take a toll on physical appearance, the HIV positive person may struggle with feelings of low self-esteem or self-worth. As with all health problems, HIV itself can also take a toll on these relationships.
People who are HIV negative typically enter a serodiscordant relationship understanding and accepting their partners' HIV status. However, in some cases people without HIV start serodiscordant relationships without knowing their partners are HIV positive. This realization can be very difficult and add extra challenges to a serodiscordant relationship. Good communication about any concerns can help people in serodiscordant relationships overcome their challenges. Couples counseling can help also help.
Serodiscordant relationships were arguably more difficult when HIV and AIDS were first emerging and not widely understood. However, medical advances and increased education has helped many people feel more comfortable with HIV and the prospect of entering a relationship with someone that is HIV positive.
While there is always a risk of any HIV positive person transmitting the virus to a HIV negative partner, antiviral medications can significantly reduce these risks. HIV negative people have a 90 percent less chance of contracting HIV if they take pre-exposure prophylaxis. Condoms and choosing certain sexual activities over others can further reduce the risk of infection.
Some people in these kinds of relationships accept the term serodiscordant relationship, but others feel it has negative connotations and prefer the alternative terms listed above.
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A method of locating one or more reflectors in an environment crowded with reflectors. A transmitter and multiple receivers are used to obtain reflected signals. Each path of a reflected signal is defined by an ellipse having the transmitter at one focus and a receiver at the other. A reflector is assumed to lie on the ellipse, and an intersection of ellipses is assumed to be a reflector location. The region is iteratively divided into smaller and smaller cells, and a search algorithm is performed to determine whether a given point in each cell lies on an ellipse. A "solution" is a point that lies on the same number of ellipses as the number of receivers.
Michael A. Koets


How to tune a car sound system: adding a 4-channel amp
Buck Pomerantz
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Rockford Fosgate Power T400X4ad
Rockford Fosgate Power T400X4ad 4-channel amplifier
Adding a 4-channel amp to your car stereo system — two channels to run the front speakers and two channels to run the rear speakers — not only raises the sound level, but also greatly increases the sound quality of your music. This is how I'd tune it up:
 1. Before turning on your system, make sure your amplifier's gains are set to their minimums, their highand low-pass filters are off (set to "all pass" or flat), and that any bass and treble boosts are also off.
 2. Turn on all the units of your system. Set your receiver's tone or EQ controls, its balance, and its fade to their middle, off, or flat positions. Note where the settings were as you might want to restore them later. If you have a subwoofer in your system, turn its amp gain all the way down.
 3. Play your test music. That's a recording you are very familiar with and know what it's supposed to sound like. It has plenty of sonic variety: lots of very high notes like flutes, brass, and cymbals, lots of mid-range content like piano, guitar, and vocals, and lots of very low notes like bass and drums. And you will listen to it over and over again. (For steps 4 through 10, while you're setting the amplifier's gains, it is best to play the loudest passages of your song selection.)
 4. Set the receiver's fade control all the way to the front speakers.
 5. With your amplifier's gain controls still all the way down, turn the receiver's volume up to ¾ full, or until the music sounds distorted. (If you don't hear any music at all, try turning the amp's front gain control up slightly until you do.) If you hear distortion, turn down the receiver's volume until the distortion goes away and the music sounds clean.
 6. Now turn up the front gain control of your amp until the music distorts, then turn it down so it plays clean again.
 7. Turn the receiver volume down.
 8. Set the receiver's fade control all the way to the rear speakers.
 9. Again, turn the receiver's volume up to ¾ full and turn up the rear gain control of your amp until the music distorts, then turn it down so it plays clean again.
 10. Turn the receiver volume down.
 11. If you have no subwoofer in your system, restore your receiver's original tone, balance, and fade settings now. Or, you can refer to "How to Tune a Car Sound System: Part 1" for help in tuning your stereo to sound its best. Another tip is to engage the high-pass filter on the front channels of your 4-channel amp, and tune it to eliminate some of the low notes coming from the front speakers in order to bring extra clarity to your soundstage. (That's the ability of your stereo to sound like a band is playing in front of you, live in your car.)
 12. If you do have a subwoofer in your system, adjust the receiver's fade control to the front speakers only and turn up the volume until the music is loud, but not uncomfortable. Engage the high-pass filter of the amplifier's front channels and adjust it so the bass notes disappear. Fade the receiver to the rear speakers only and engage and adjust the rear channels' high-pass filter until the bass disappears there too. Return your receiver's fade control to its original position.
 13. Slowly turn up the gain of your subwoofer amplifier until the bass notes sound balanced and smoothly blended with the rest of the music. Your sub amp's low-pass filter should already be tuned to reproduce only the low notes. You can refer to Tuning Your Subs, for help in fine-tuning your subwoofer system.
 14. If your highs and lows seem balanced but the bass sounds like it's coming from the rear, adjust the sub amp's low-pass filter lower to "de-localize" it. Pay close attention to the "crossover area", the parts of the music played by both the full-range speakers and your subwoofer. Smooth any roughness by fine-tuning the filters. For instance, if the vocals sound tinny, you can adjust the high-pass filters on your 4-channel amp to include more low notes. If the vocals sound boomy, tune the high-pass filters higher.
Take your time and tune it all for your own ears and you will never go wrong.
Kicker 40KX400.4
Kicker 40KX400.4 4-channel amplifier
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Static Libraries in Xcode
I wanted to do something that I think is straightforward, basic IDE functionality. Have a project that references a static library, use the static library from a client application (including referencing headers and linking with it), and have the library automatically rebuild when changes are made.
With most IDEs this is functionality that you get without even having to think too hard about it. You create a library, you say "this application depends on this library", and *poof* it just works. Xcode makes you jump through a few hoops.
Here are the steps involved in making this work, starting from scratch.
1. Create a new workspace. We'll start from scratch so we're both on the same page. BTW, I'm using Xcode 4.3.2.
2. Create the application project. I'm creating an empty iOS project called TestApp. Build and run, make sure it works.
3. Create the library project. I created a Cocoa Touch Static Library called TestLib. One gotcha here is that the default location for the library project will be inside the TestApp project. That's not what I wanted; I wanted the library and the project that uses it as peers in the Project Navigator (so that the library can be shared with other projects). To make this happen, make sure you select the workspace as the group for the new project when the file dialog appears to ask you where to save it:
The first thing I want to accomplish is getting access to the library's public headers from the app. Xcode will copy the library's public headers as a build step, but this needs a little configuration. Here are the steps for that:
4. Mark the library project as Shared. Open the Manage Schemes… panel and click the Shared checkbox for the library project.
5. Add the headers we want to share to the static library's Copy Headers build step. Click on TestLib in the project navigator, click on the target, and drag TestLib.h into the Public section of the Copy Headers item.
Now if you build the test library project, you should see this header being copied in the build output.
That crazy target path means the headers are going into Xcode's derived data folder, in the folder it creates for products of our build. If you wanted your headers in a subdirectory so that you could include them as then you can edit the "Public Headers Folder Path" in Build Settings for the library project.
6. Set the Skip Install setting in the static library to YES. Otherwise, you can run into trouble archiving your project.
So the library is ready. Now we need to make TestApp depend on the library. There are a couple of steps to setting this up.
7. Edit the TestApp scheme, and in the Build section, add TestLib as a target to build.
8. Add the TestLib library to TestApp. Click on the TestApp project, and in the TestApp target, on the Summary tab, in the Linked Frameworks and Libraries section, hit the + button and add the TestLib library.
9. Add the common location for the public header files to the header search path.
Now to test things out. Let's add some code to the object whose header file we made public. I'll add a simple method, "testString", that returns a string.
In TestLib.h:
_USER_ TestLib : NSObject
+ (
NSString *)testString;
In TestLib.m:
+ (NSString *)testString {
return @"Hello";
And in the test application, where Xcode created a default AppDelegate object, simply add an NSLog that uses this test method to see the string printed.
In MYAppDelegate.m:
_TAG_ "TestLib.h"
// and later
@"%@", [TestLib testString]);
Build and run the application. With any luck, it will print "Hello" to the console.
Now, back in the static library, change "Hello" to "Goodbye", and run again. This prints "Hello", indicating that Xcode didn't recompile the static library. You want the static library to rebuild when you change files in it and run the test app, and there seems to be a bug in Xcode 4.3.2 that causes this to not work (so this fix may not apply if you're running a newer version). There's a workaround for this here but in a nutshell…
10. Select the static library in the Navigator pane.
11. In the File Inspector on the right, change the Location to Relative to Build Products.
12. Select TestApp and select Show in Finder. This should open a Finder window containing the Xcode project.
13. Select the Xcode project and right-click or Control-click to bring up the context menu, and select Show Package Contents.
14. Select the "project.pbxproj" file and Open it with TextEdit.
15. Look for the reference to libTestLib.a and change it so that instead of being a relative path, it's just the filename. For example, if it's "../Debug/libTestLib.a" change it to just "libTestLib.a".
16. Run TestApp again. This time, and from now on, the static library should rebuild whenever you change something in it.
Most of this writeup is basic "how to use a static library in Xcode", but steps 12 through 15 are a workaround for what seems to be a bug in Xcode.
If you still have trouble with this, check out this page, which has some great information on troubleshooting static libraries. This page is a modified version of the method he suggests, where I'm copying the public headers during the build process (which seems to be how Xcode is designed to work) and he's adding them as Source Trees. Switching between these two methods isn't a big deal and doesn't affect the overall process much, so you can pick one you like.


text:
The electrodynamic movement differs only slightly from the moving-coil movement: it has two coils
, a moving moving coil and a fixed field coil. In the electrodynamic movement, the magnetic field
is not generated by a permanent magnet, but by the current-carrying field coil. The moving rotary coil is located in this magnetic field. Thetorque is generated by the magnetic fields of both coils and is proportional to the product of
through both coils. If the current flow of the rotating coil (voltage coil) is derived from the applied voltage via a series resistor and the load current flows through the field coil (current coil), then power measurements can be carried out with such an arrangement. Electrodynamic measuring devices are used for active power measurements.


text:
What is superelevation in railway?
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Superelevation, also called cant, is a term used to describe the amount of banking added to railway tracks in order to counterbalance the effects of centripetal forces. This is done to ensure the lateral stability of a train when it is travelling at high speeds around a curve.
The banking angle increases the centrifugal force, which opposes the centripetal force generated by the turn. This helps prevent the train from capsizing or having its wheels leave the track.