text:
USDA Commodity Forecasts:
Inaccuracies Found May Lead to Underestimates of Budget Outlays
PEMD-91-24: Published: Aug 13, 1991. Publicly Released: Sep 20, 1991.
- Full Report:
Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO examined the Department of Agriculture's (USDA) long-term commodity forecasts used in the President's budget process, focusing on the: (1) accuracy of those long-term supply and utilization forecasts, referred to as baselines; and (2) effect that forecast inaccuracies could have on outlay estimates in the President's January 1990 budget submission.
GAO found that: (1) USDA baseline forecasts, particularly those made 3 to 5 years in advance, exhibited both large total error rates and consistent bias error components; (2) weather, macroeconomic factors, and program and policy assumptions contributed to baseline forecast inaccuracies; (3) USDA forecasts for the first 2 years tended to be more accurate than GAO benchmarks, but GAO benchmarks for the third through fifth years showed less bias error than the USDA forecasts; and (4) if the bias error exhibited in long-term forecasts for crop years 1981 through 1988 continued, and if the 1985 farm bill provisions had been extended, costs for the commodity programs could have been $19.5 billion higher than estimated in the President's January 1990 budget submission.
Recommendation for Executive Action
Status: Closed - Implemented
Comments: USDA has calculated some measures of forecast accuracy and compared its forecasts with benchmark alternatives. Additional results are expected by the end of 1993.
Recommendation: The Secretary of Agriculture should specifically direct the World Agricultural Outlook Board to measure and report forecast accuracy of 5-year baselines, as well as develop and report on benchmark forecasts.
Agency Affected: Department of Agriculture


Brain-wave Belt
From KeenWiki
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Brain-belts, perhaps?
It is briefly mentioned in the Keen 3 ending sequence that Mortimer had been using some Brain-wave Belts to control the Vorticons and keep them in mental slavement. Nothing else is known about them. During their time of slavery, dark paintings with letters "GI" could be found in Vorticon homes. It can be guessed those were paintings of The Grand Intellect, and in the paintings, he has some sort of blue waves pulsating around his head — perhaps those are the brain-waves emitted by the belts.


text:
Posted on Thursday 26th May 2011
A University of Birmingham scientist is set to join weather experts from across the country to help the local community learn more about weather and the climate with hands-on activities and demonstrations at a week-long roadshow coming to the city this half-term.
Organised by the Big Lottery funded Open Air Laboratories (OPAL) project, the OPAL Weather Roadshow is taking place between Wednesday 1 June and Sunday 5 June at Canon Hill Park and will feature an exciting range of activities providing all ages with the chance to investigate their local weather.
One of the highlights will be the opportunity to become a weather presenter for the day using the latest green-screen technology where University of Birmingham geographer, and OPAL Community Scientist, Dr Adam Bates, will be on hand to discuss climate forecasts for the local area.
Dr Bates, from the School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences said:
"Changes to our climate strongly impact both people and wildlife; whether through small changes in long-term amounts of rainfall and temperature, or extreme events like large floods and tornadoes, the weather affects us all.
"The OPAL Weather Roadshow gives people the opportunity to find out more about how changes to their local climate might affect them, and to gain first-hand experience of how weather is measured, predicted and reported. It will also be really fun."
Other activities taking place during the roadshow include the chance to create a tornado, although this will be on a much smaller scale than the 2005 Birmingham tornado which caused £40million worth of damage. Infra-red temperature guns will allow people to measure the temperature of clouds in the sky and a lightning ball will provide a glimpse of lightning up close.
As well as hands-on activities, a professional weather station will display measurements of temperature, pressure, humidity, wind speed and solar radiation. Weather experts from the Royal Meteorological Society and Imperial College, London will be on hand to explain their significance, enabling people to learn more about weather and climate in an interactive way.
The OPAL Weather Roadshow will be held at Canon Hill Park, Birmingham between Tuesday 31 May and Sunday 5 June and is free and open to everyone. For more information see _URL_ Further information about the OPAL project can be found at: _URL_.
For further information, please contact Amy Cory, University of Birmingham Press Office via 0121 _PHONE_ or _EMAIL_.
Notes to Editors
- Open Air Laboratories (OPAL) is a nationwide partnership initiative, led by Imperial College London, that inspires communities to discover, enjoy and protect their local environments. It aims to create a new generation of nature-lovers by stimulating interest through local and national projects which are accessible, fun and relevant to anyone who wants to take part. OPAL provides the skills and materials needed for the first national community-led study of the world around us. For more information, please visit _URL_.
- The Big Lottery Fund, the largest of the National Lottery good cause distributors, has been providing grants to health, education, environment and charitable causes across the UK since its inception in June 2004. It was established by Parliament on 1 December 2006. Full details of the work of the Big Lottery Fund, its programmes and awards are available on the website: _URL_.
- The Big Lottery Fund's Changing Spaces programme was launched in November 2005 to help communities enjoy and improve their local environments. The programme funds a range of activities from local food schemes and farmers markets, to education projects teaching people about the environment. A £11,760,783 Changing Spaces grant was awarded to the leading OPAL partner, Imperial College London, in August 2007.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
EnerVenue, US metal-hydrogen battery maker, announced the launch of EnerVenue Energy Storage Vessels (ESVs), its second-generation energy storage product.
It said customers can cycle ESVs up to three times per day without rest, and the batteries have an expected lifetime of 30 years or 30,000 cycles. They deliver 86% capacity beyond 30,000 cycles, it said.
The metal-hydrogen technology differentiates from lithium-ion by offering improved fire safety, it claimed. "ESVs have been tested and demonstrate no thermal runaway or propagation risk, and there is no need for costly, preventative fire suppression systems," the company said.
According to the company, the batteries are built to thrive, even in extreme temperatures and other environments where grid-scale lithium-ion batteries struggle. The product features flexible charge/discharge rates and can discharge to 100% without suffering damage.
The ESV measures 142mm x 1806mm and features a nominal energy capacity of 1200Wh each. It is designed for stationary energy storage applications. Brad Dore, Senior Director at EnerVenue, said: "EnerVenue storage solutions sit in between the density of flow batteries and lithium-ion. While lithium-ion is 3-4 times denser than EnerVenue, EnerVenue's batteries do not require HVAC, fire suppression, or DC disconnect switches like grid-scale lithium-ion."
He said for space-constrained applications, EnerVenue's fire safety characteristics allow you to build vertically with a racking system or tie to existing building infrastructure (e.g. to a building wall). This ability to stack vessels vertically can result in footprint savings.
Dore said that EnerVenue spun out the Stanford University business accelerator, where researchers had been studying next-generation storage technologies. "The Stanford lab found they could remove the prohibitively expensive materials from NASA's original nickel-hydrogen batteries and actually improve performance while reducing cost."
EnerVenue commercialised the technology further with its metal-alloy design, which, it said, gives additional performance gains and cost reductions. The core chemistry is the same as NASA's proven design, but it has been optimised for today's terrestrial applications, Dore said.
EnerVenue will begin shipping ESVs to customers in 2023.
The company is already committed to providing 7GWh of ESVs as part of existing agreements with customers. Previously announced deals include Pine Gate Renewables, Sonnell Power Solutions, and Nicon-Industries-affiliated Green Energy Renewable Solutions.
Updated with more technical detail 6.12.22

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


New Developments in High Speed Imaging to Aid Aerospace Testing
By Doreen Clark, Senior Product Manager, Vision Research
Issue 79
Comprehensively testing designs in aerospace can be complex and difficult. High speed imaging lends a helping hand to understand the dynamics of designs, providing valuable information that may be otherwise difficult or impossible to gather. However, high speed imaging has its own inherent issues – it can require incredible amounts of light, can generate large amounts of data, and can incorporate trade-offs in camera size or features, for example, to achieve core frame rate and image quality capabilities.
Vision Research, designer and manufacturer of Phantom cameras, has introduced cameras and features to help address issues found in high speed imaging, making the technology more useful for the demanding testing needs found in aerospace.
Ultra-High-Speed 1Mpx family for ultimate speeds
Vision Research introduced the Phantom Ultra High Speed (UHS) family of cameras in 2013 and has since revised the platform twice to offer increased capability. The latest version has throughputs of up to 25Gpx/sec, or 25,000 frames per second (fps) at full 1 Megapixel resolution of 1280 x 800. At reduced resolutions, the cameras can achieve up to 663,250 fps, or up to 1 Million fps with the export-controlled FAST option. If an application requires a frame rate of 200,000 fps, for example, a UHS camera can provide resolution up to 360 x 200 pixels to capture more of the event. The family has four cameras offering four levels of throughput performance ranging from 12 Gpx/sec throughput to 25 Gpx/sec throughput. Researchers can buy the level of performance they need immediately, and upgrade to higher performance if the need arises in the future.
A challenge many high-speed imaging applications face is that as frame rates increase, they require significantly more light to see the image, although in many cases it is difficult to add more light. Therefore a high speed camera's light sensitivity is very important, and the Phantom Ultra-High-Speed cameras were designed with maximum light sensitivity, achieving ISO ratings of 32,000D (monochrome) and 6,400D (color).
Supporting the NASA Hypervelocity Lab
Phantom Ultra High Speed (UHS) cameras support many important aerospace and defense applications, such as the testing conducted at NASA's Remote Hypervelocity Test Laboratory. The lab simulates the effect debris has on space equipment and space suits. To closely simulate the speed debris travels in orbit, the lab fires projectiles constructed of aluminum, nylon, and stainless steel at speeds over 25,700 km/hour, more than six times faster than a rifle bullet. The speed of impact is significantly faster than the human eye can see, so to record and analyze the impact the team uses high speed cameras. They incorporated a Phantom V2512 from the Ultra High-Speed family not only to leverage the camera's 25 Gpx/sec throughput, but also its high light sensitivity. The camera was able to capture shock waves in an impact as well as other phenomena in a low light experiments, helping the team specifically determine the improvements that were needed in space craft and spacesuits, and their components.
Introducing the V2040/v2640 4Mpx Cameras for Ultimate Image Quality
In the beginning of 2018, Vision Research is introducing the Phantom v2040/v2640, a 4Mpx Ultra High-Speed camera built on the same platform as its 1Mpx cameras, to support applications that require very high image quality and detail. The v2460 provides exceptional image quality for more accurate analysis and flexibility to accommodate multiple requirements. It can achieve up to 26 Gpx/sec throughput, or 6,500 fps at full 4Mpx resolution of 2048 x 1952.
Image quality: The v2640 offers very high image quality for a clearer image and better analysis. It performs CDS directly on the sensor, providing a very high dynamic range of 63dB and very low noise of 7.4 e-. A high dynamic range provides more levels of variation in an image's tones, so that more detail can be distinguished especially in the very dark and very light regions of an image. Low noise equates to a cleaner image, allowing the small details of an experiment to be more visible and not obscured by flecks or spots in the image. While performing CDS, the camera achieves a throughput of up to 20 Gpx/sec. Additionally, it has an ISO rating of 16,000D (Monochrome), and 3,200D (Color), the highest ratings in the industry for a multi-megapixel high-speed camera. Combined, these attributes give researchers who need high resolution, high-speed imaging a cleaner, more detailed image for analysis. The low noise benefit is most evident in the dark regions of an image, which are often the most difficult to analyze.
Flexibility: The v2640 sensor is also equipped with a non-CDS mode (HS mode), to provide up to 34% higher throughput to achieve 26 Gpx/sec. It may also employ 2x2 Binning on Monochrome cameras in either CDS mode or HS mode. Binning converts the camera into a 1 Mpx camera with increased light sensitivity and throughput. For applications that require extremely low exposure times, an Export-controlled Fast option can be applied to both the CDS and HS modes, reaching as low as 500 ns in CDS mode and 150 ns in HS mode. All modes are selectable in software, and may be purchased according to need. Combined, these modes provide significant flexibility to accomplish a wide range of applications. No other sensor offers as many modes and thus, as much flexibility.
Programmable I/O: To increase flexibility in testing and experiments, the v2640 incorporates an internal pulse processor which supports programmable I/O, giving the ability to assign and define signals to manage camera activity. Signals that can be modified include F-Sync, Strobe, Event, Pre-trigger, Memgate, Timecode-out, Ready, Aux, and Auto-trigger. In most cases the signal polarity, delay, pulse width and edge (rising or falling) can be set according to the needs of the application and interfacing equipment. The ability to assign and define signals allows the camera to accommodate an application workflow more readily, giving ultimate camera control and flexibility.
Flex 4k -GS: Often, the observation of fine details from a distance requires high resolution. For example, seeing detailed shockwave movement from afar is a phenomenon that aerospace researchers typically require. In response to this need, the Phantom Flex4K-GS camera has been developed. This modification of the well-known and highly acclaimed 4K resolution media camera means that research and development now has access to image quality not previously available. The key component is the switch from a rolling shutter (low noise, improved visual quality for cinema) to a global shutter. A global shutter, allows researchers to observe quickly moving and rotating events without producing classic rolling shutter image artifacts (e.g. the bending of helicopter rotor blades). Like the media camera, the Flex4K-GS will deliver 1,000 fps at 4K resolution (4096 x 2304), 1900 at 2K resolution (2048 x 1152), and 2930 fps at 1280 x 720.
Miro N-series: The Aerospace industry is heavily influenced by structural size requirements for a variety of projects. For this reason, the tiny Phantom N-Series is the best option for recording hard-to-access events. At just over a 1-inch cube (32mm x 32mm x 29mm) this camera can fit in the smallest spaces and still deliver quality images to researchers. At full resolution (768x600), this tiny, but powerful device can deliver 560 fps and can reach over 9,000 fps at lower resolutions. Another benefit of the N-Series setup is that the camera head is attached to a base at the end of a long cable. Using CoaXPress (CXP) the protocol ensures that every image is safely stored away from the camera head. In potentially destructive environments, this means that the all required data and images are safe if the head is destroyed. The camera head is easily replaceable in the field and does not require lengthy downtime.
Features for Ease-of-Use
Often scientists and researchers are experts in their field of study, but don't have time to become experts in high speed imaging. Incorporating high speed cameras as a tool in research has its own challenges, so Phantom cameras have features to help alleviate those challenges.
Data Management: As a high speed generates a large amount of data, the UHS cameras can be equipped with up to 288GB of RAM and have 10G Ethernet as standard. 10Gb Ethernet provides up to 500 MB/second download speed to an optimized system, significantly reducing download time compares to 1Gb Ethernet. They also have an option for up to 2TB removable CineMag media. These features provide researchers quick data downloading options for easier data management and faster results.
Exposure Index: High speed applications are light starved. The higher the frame rate, the more additional light is required, so a camera's light sensitivity, typically reported as its ISO rating, is important. The sensitivity is a derivative of the sensor design and processing. In addition to the native sensitivity, post image processing can be applied through software to lighten images. However, post image processing can be


text:
Wondering if Weather Affects Your Hair Transplant?
Warmer weather brings with it outdoor barbecues, days at the swimming pool, and other fun activities. It also raises questions in patients about hair restoration in San Jose and other warm climate areas. People are often curious about how warmer weather affects healing after a hair transplant. This article looks at that topic.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
A novel method for planning liver resections using deformable Bezier surfaces and distance maps
Journal article, Peer reviewed
MetadataShow full item record
Original versionComputer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. 2017, 144 135-145. 10.1016/j.cmpb.2017.03.019
Background and Objective: For more than a decade, computer-assisted surgical systems have been helping surgeons to plan liver resections. The most widespread strategies to plan liver resections are: drawing traces in individual 2D slices, and using a 3D deformable plane. In this work, we propose a novel method which requires low level of user interaction while keeping high flexibility to specify resections. Methods: Our method is based on the use of Bézier surfaces, which can be deformed using a grid of control points, and distance maps as a base to compute and visualize resection margins (indicators of safety) in realtime. Projection of resections in 2D slices, as well as computation of resection volume statistics are also detailed. Results: The method was evaluated and compared with state-of-the-art methods by a group of surgeons (n = 5, 5–31 years of experience). Our results show that theproposed method presents planning times as low as state-of-the-art methods (174 s median time) with high reproducibility of results in terms of resected volume. In addition, our method not only leads to smooth virtual resections easier to perform surgically compared to other state-of-the-art methods, but also shows superior preservation of resection margins. Conclusions: Our method provides clinicians with a robust and easy-to-use method for planning liver resections with high reproducibility, smoothness of resection and preservation of resection margin. Our results indicate the ability of the method to represent any type of resection and being integrated in real clinical work-flows.


text:
climb.
- The process works in reverse for an aircraft in a descent.
- If a steady climb or descent is maintained, a steady pressure differential is established
- between the diaphragm and case pressure surrounding it, resulting in an accurate indication of the
rate of climb via graduations on the instrument face.


text:
- The Tsimane tribesmen have a third less baseline testosterone than their more sedentary American counterparts.
- Experts measured salivary testosterone in 88 16- to 59-year-old Tsimane men 15 minutes before a multi-village soccer tournament.
No one would accuse the men of the Tsimane tribe of Bolivia of being anything less than manly, given their hunter-gatherer lifestyle. But new research suggests that Tsimane tribesmen have a third less baseline testosterone than their more sedentary American counterparts.
The study highlights the gap between the popular conception of testosterone as a chemical jolt of masculinity and the actual complexities of the hormone. In fact, having high baseline levels of testosterone can be a handicap for men.
"Maintaining high levels of testosterone compromises the immune system, so it makes sense to keep it low in environments where parasites and pathogens are rampant, as they are where the Tsimane live," study researcher Ben Trumble, an anthropology graduate student at the University of Washington, said in a statement.
Trumble and his colleagues measured salivary testosterone in 88 16- to 59-year-old Tsimane men 15 minutes before a multi-village soccer tournament. After these men played in the tournament, the researchers measured their salivary testosterone again 10 minutes later and then an hour after the game.
They found that compared with age-matched American men and controlling for body size, baseline testosterone levels among the Tsimane are low: 182.9 picograms per milliliter for Tsimane men versus 266.8 picograms per milliliter for U.S. men. Like men the world over, however, the Tsimane soccer players got a testosterone boost from competition. Ten minutes after the game, their salivary testosterone was 30 percent higher than the pre-game measurement. An hour later, it was still 15.5 percent higher than before the game.
Studies of men in industrialized countries suggest they get a similarly sized boost from competition at about 37 percent, the researchers report today (March 27) in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
The study highlights the oddity of the industrialized man, study co-author and University of California Santa Barbara anthropologist Michael Gurven said in a statement.
"Our lifestyle now is an anomaly, a major departure from our species' long-term existence as hunter-gatherers," Gurven said.
This lifestyle change could have important health effects, the researchers found. Unlike American men, the Tsimane did not see a decline in baseline testosterone with age. In the U.S., drops in testosterone correlate with the onset of age-related disorders such as heart disease rarely seen in the very active Tsimane, Trumble said.
Copyright 2012 LiveScience, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


How Does a Dry-Aging Cabinet Work?
The most important thing about meat-aging is creating the perfect climate for the steak to age properly. In the wrong environment with fluctuating temperatures or humidity levels, any meat can go bad. When the steak is in a controlled environment for the right period of time, it creates a rich, flavorful piece of meat that your customers will enjoy. A dry-aging cabinet allows you to do just that, controlling both temperature, humidity, and ventilation levels in order to properly manage the beef.
What Makes a Good Dry-Aging Cabinet?
A good dry-aging cabinet will have a great ventilation system with advanced temperature control that keeps the meat from spoiling, aging it to perfection. When looking for a dry-aging cabinet, those systems should create a cold and humid climate to ensure optimal drying and ripening process.
As one of the most temperature-sensitive foods, it's important to have your steak properly stored and controlled from the moment you receive it. In order for the steak to dry-age correctly to achieve flavorful profiles, it needs to live in a climate between 34.7 degrees to 35.6 degrees Fahrenheit. With such a tight temperature window, a dry-aging cabinet will need all the right technology to maintain these levels.
Oxygen is also important to the dry-aging process. The oxygen ventilation allows the signature dry-age crusting to form. Bad germs can form in "standing" air, so having good ventilation is crucial to keeping a constant flow of fresh and clean.
How to Find a Premium Dry-Aging Cabinet
Having a great dry-aging cabinet is important to properly aging your steak so you can offer your customers premium, dry-aged beef. At The Aging Room, our dry-aging chamber combines traditional aging processes with modern technologies. Precise climate control equipment combined with a Himalayan salt wall creates an aging-friendly, natural microclimate to dry-age steaks.
With a premium dry ager like The Aging Room Chamber, you get more benefits on top of the perfect system to manage temperature and climate:
 1. The volume of the interior of the chamber is designed to maximize the effectiveness of the aging process.
 2. All systems of the chamber create and circulate a salty cold and humid microclimate to ensure an optimal drying and ripening process.
 3. The lighting in the chamber, including the lighting behind the salt, is calibrated to create an enticing visual experience for the customer.
 4. All steel fittings and insulation inside the chamber have been tested to withstand the high humidity and salt environment.
 5. We provide a high-quality wooden butcher block so your meat specialist can cut the steaks inside the chamber.
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Pick and Place
In MoveIt, grasping is done using the MoveGroup interface. In order to grasp an object we need to create moveit_msgs::Grasp msg which will allow defining the various poses and postures involved in a grasping operation. Watch this video to see the output of this tutorial:
Getting Started
If you haven't already done so, make sure you've completed the steps in Getting Started.
Running The Demo
Open two terminals. In the first terminal start RViz and wait for everything to finish loading:
roslaunch panda_moveit_config demo.launch
In the second terminal run the pick and place tutorial:
rosrun moveit_tutorials pick_place_tutorial
You should see something similar to the video at the beginning of this tutorial.
Understanding moveit_msgs::Grasp
For complete documentation refer to moveit_msgs/Grasp.msg.
The relevant fields of the message are:-
 - trajectory_msgs/JointTrajectory pre_grasp_posture - This defines the trajectory position of the joints in the end effector group before we go in for the grasp.
 - trajectory_msgs/JointTrajectory grasp_posture - This defines the trajectory position of the joints in the end effector group for grasping the object.
 - geometry_msgs/PoseStamped grasp_pose - Pose of the end effector in which it should attempt grasping.
 - moveit_msgs/GripperTranslation pre_grasp_approach - This is used to define the direction from which to approach the object and the distance to travel.
 - moveit_msgs/GripperTranslation post_grasp_retreat - This is used to define the direction in which to move once the object is grasped and the distance to travel.
 - moveit_msgs/GripperTranslation post_place_retreat - This is used to define the direction in which to move once the object is placed at some location and the distance to travel.
The Entire Code
The entire code can be seen here in the moveit_tutorials GitHub project.
Creating Environment
Create vector to hold 3 collision objects.
std::vector<moveit_msgs::CollisionObject> collision_objects;
collision_objects.resize(3);
Add the first table where the cube will originally be kept.
collision_objects[0].id = "table1";
collision_objects[0].header.frame_id = "panda_link0";
/* Define the primitive and its dimensions. */
collision_objects[0].primitives.resize(1);
collision_objects[0].primitives[0].type = collision_objects[0].primitives[0].BOX;
collision_objects[0].primitives[0].dimensions.resize(3);
collision_objects[0].primitives[0].dimensions[0] = 0.2;
collision_objects[0].primitives[0].dimensions[1] = 0.4;
collision_objects[0].primitives[0].dimensions[2] = 0.4;
/* Define the pose of the table. */
collision_objects[0].primitive_poses.resize(1);
collision_objects[0].primitive_poses[0].position.x = 0.5;
collision_objects[0].primitive_poses[0].position.y = 0;
collision_objects[0].primitive_poses[0].position.z = 0.2;
Add the second table where we will be placing the cube.
collision_objects[1].id = "table2";
collision_objects[1].header.frame_id = "panda_link0";
/* Define the primitive and its dimensions. */
collision_objects[1].primitives.resize(1);
collision_objects[1].primitives[0].type = collision_objects[1].primitives[0].BOX;
collision_objects[1].primitives[0].dimensions.resize(3);
collision_objects[1].primitives[0].dimensions[0] = 0.4;
collision_objects[1].primitives[0].dimensions[1] = 0.2;
collision_objects[1].primitives[0].dimensions[2] = 0.4;
/* Define the pose of the table. */
collision_objects[1].primitive_poses.resize(1);
collision_objects[1].primitive_poses[0].position.x = 0;
collision_objects[1].primitive_poses[0].position.y = 0.5;
collision_objects[1].primitive_poses[0].position.z = 0.2;
Define the object that we will be manipulating
collision_objects[2].header.frame_id = "panda_link0";
collision_objects[2].id = "object";
/* Define the primitive and its dimensions. */
collision_objects[2].primitives.resize(1);
collision_objects[2].primitives[0].type = collision_objects[1].primitives[0].BOX;
collision_objects[2].primitives[0].dimensions.resize(3);
collision_objects[2].primitives[0].dimensions[0] = 0.02;
collision_objects[2].primitives[0].dimensions[1] = 0.02;
collision_objects[2].primitives[0].dimensions[2] = 0.2;
/* Define the pose of the object. */
collision_objects[2].primitive_poses.resize(1);
collision_objects[2].primitive_poses[0].position.x = 0.5;
collision_objects[2].primitive_poses[0].position.y = 0;
collision_objects[2].primitive_poses[0].position.z = 0.5;
Pick Pipeline
Create a vector of grasps to be attempted, currently only creating single grasp. This is essentially useful when using a grasp generator to generate and test multiple grasps.
std::vector<moveit_msgs::Grasp> grasps;
grasps.resize(1);
Setting grasp pose
This is the pose of panda_link8.
From panda_link8 to the palm of the eef the distance is 0.058, the cube starts 0.01 before 5.0 (half of the length of the cube).
Therefore, the position for panda_link8 = 5 - (length of cube/2 - distance b/w panda_link8 and palm of eef - some extra padding)
grasps[0].grasp_pose.header.frame_id = "panda_link0";
tf2::Quaternion orientation;
orientation.setRPY(-M_PI / 2, -M_PI / 4, -M_PI / 2);
grasps[0].grasp_pose.pose.orientation = tf2::toMsg(orientation);
grasps[0].grasp_pose.pose.position.x = 0.415;
grasps[0].grasp_pose.pose.position.y = 0;
grasps[0].grasp_pose.pose.position.z = 0.5;
Setting pre-grasp approach
/* Defined with respect to frame_id */
grasps[0].pre_grasp_approach.direction.header.frame_id = "panda_link0";
/* Direction is set as positive x axis */
grasps[0].pre_grasp_approach.direction.vector.x = 1.0;
grasps[0].pre_grasp_approach.min_distance = 0.095;
grasps[0].pre_grasp_approach.desired_distance = 0.115;
Setting post-grasp retreat
/* Defined with respect to frame_id */
grasps[0].post_grasp_retreat.direction.header.frame_id = "panda_link0";
/* Direction is set as positive z axis */
grasps[0].post_grasp_retreat.direction.vector.z = 1.0;
grasps[0].post_grasp_retreat.min_distance = 0.1;
grasps[0].post_grasp_retreat.desired_distance = 0.25;
Setting posture of eef before grasp
openGripper(grasps[0].pre_grasp_posture);
openGripper function
/* Add both finger joints of panda robot. */
posture.joint_names.resize(2);
posture.joint_names[0] = "panda_finger_joint1";
posture.joint_names[1] = "panda_finger_joint2";
/* Set them as open, wide enough for the object to fit. */
posture.points.resize(1);
posture.points[0].positions.resize(2);
posture.points[0].positions[0] = 0.04;


text:
Thomas Ralph Spence, RA (_PHONE_), The Surrender of Capua, 210 BC – Passing Round the Poisoned Cup, initialed and dated lower right 1903, oil on canvas, 53.5" x 80.5" – displayed at Royal Academy in 1903
Painting inspired by the final scene in Fate of Capua, a play written in 1700 by Thomas Southerne.
Thomas Ralph Spence was born into a Yorkshire family of cabinetmakers and builders. Following in the family tradition, Spence began his training as an architect, but later excelled in painting, stained glass, and metalwork.
Spence moved to London in 1885, where he became a successful painter of architectural scenes. In the 1890s, Spence exhibited 11 works at the Royal Academy, including A Breezy Morning, The Sleeping Beauty, and The Surrender of Capua, 210 BC. He also exhibited at the Grosvenor Gallery and the New Gallery, and was responsible for the decorative painting in Manchester Cathedral. His more ambitious classical subjects consisted of Greek and Roman subjects, most likely inspired by Alma-Tadema. In 1910, he was the subject of a solo exhibition at the Fine Art Society.
The Surrender of Capua, 210 BC – Passing Round the Poisoned Cup is based on the play Fate of Capua, a tragedy written in 1700, by Thomas Southerne. Fate of Capua takes place during the Second Punic War (218 to 201 BC), a war between Hannibal, leader of the Carthaginians, and the Romans. The citizens of Capua, a city in southern Italy, abandoned their alliance to the Roman Republic and allowed Hannibal to make Capua his winter quarters. The Romans, attempting to regain control of southern Italy, staged a siege on the city of Capua. In response to the Roman assault, Hannibal marched his soldiers to Rome, hoping the Romans would decide to abandon the siege on Capua and rush to defend their home city. However, only part of the besieging force left for Rome, and under continued siege, Capua fell. The Romans declared the territory Roman domain, and the citizens of Capua were either killed or brutally punished.
The Surrender of Capua, 210 BC, a monumental image displayed at the Royal Academy in 1903, depicts the climactic scene in Southerne's play. The Senate of Capua is finishing up their final feast and are in the process of passing around a cup of poisoned wine; collectively they have decide to end their own lives, choosing dignity and death rather than suffer dishonor and torture at the hands of the Romans.


text:
The word spatchcocking refers to the process of removing the backbone and breaking the breastbone of a bird. The partially boned fowl can then be spread open and flattened for cooking. While similar to butterflying, the process of spatchcocking implies the use of whole poultry rather than a single cut of meat. It is believed that the word is derived from the term "dispatch the cock."
Spatchcocking a turkey, chicken, or any other poultry results in a bird that takes up less oven space, cooks more evenly and quickly, and is easier to carve.
Source: Flickr User thebittenword.com


Zonear is building a system called boilerbuild. It builds, optimizes and deploys HTML5 apps with ease. Website optimization is something every web developer needs to do. However, this can be a time-consuming and error-prone process if and when deployed manually. BoilerBuild enables developers to remotely test, build, optimize and deploy their HTML5 apps with just one click!


text:
My user needs to type freehand notes into an Excel UserForm textbox control. But this requires the accurate spelling of some words that are easy to mis-spell, and accuracy is required. So, at the side of the Userform, I can provide the user with a list of these 'tedious' spellings, each in the form of caption text in a UserForm label control.
In the model below, I can replace text in UserForm textbox with new copied text, or I can append new copied text to existing text. But:
MY QUESTION: how do I inset the copied text into existing text at a position marked by the Cursor in the text box?
MY MODEL (attached file):
When the user clicks a label control (in code below ctl.name = "Label1" ) its caption text is copied to clipboard:
Private MyData As New DataObject
Private Sub Label1_Click()
MsgBox "Copy active in Label1_Click()" 'visual check that click event works
This pastes copied text into textbox1:
Private Sub pasteText_Click()
TextBox1.Text = MyData.GetText
I can append the copied text to existing text in texBox1 by:
TextBox1.Text = TextBox1.Text & " " & MyData.GetText


2019年5-8月 雅思口语 Part 2 Topic 23 以前不喜欢现在感兴趣的学科 Describe a subject you didn't like before but have inte
You should say:
What it is;
When you studied the subject;
Why you didn't like it before;
And explain why you have interest in it now.
23. 以前不喜欢现在感兴趣的学科
Speaking of a subject I used to hate but like now, I would say history. I was in history classes from primary school to high school, but it never really caught my interest150. All the history teachers I had were pretty tedious151 since they just taught with textbooks. And the learning process was basically exam-oriented152. It was one of the most boring subjects I ever had. Sitting in history class was about as fun as watching paint dry153.
But things changed after I entered college. I found a talk show about history that was sensational154 on the internet. The host was Gao Xiaosong, who is also a famous music producer in
China. He has a good head for history. He loves reading historical novels and really knows history like the back of his hand. He often makes commentary for some historical movies and TV shows by going into detail about some interesting historical stories that I never learned in history class. I always listened to him with relish. It was as fun as listening to some gossip.
From his talks, I found that learning history is actually interesting and meaningful. And I gradually came to understand that it wasn't history itself that was the problem; it was just the rote learning155 of it that made me dislike history class. If I'd had a history teacher like Gao Xiaosong, I might've been a straight A student in the subject.
150 caught my interest：引起我的兴趣
151 tedious：乏味无聊
152 exam-oriented: 考试的
153 as fun as watching paint dry：形容很无聊（等着看油漆干）
154 sensational：极好的，轰动的
155 rote learning：机械学习，死记硬背


text:
The water meter shaft is an indispensable element of the water supply infrastructure that plays a key role in measuring and protecting water resources. It is a structure or tank that serves to protect and house a water meter for accurate measurement of water consumption.
With this device, it is possible to monitor water consumption at various points in the water supply network and detect potential leaks or leakages. This minimises water losses that could negatively affect the environment and the water companies' budgets. In addition, a modern water meter shaft is equipped with technologies for data collection and automated information transfer.
Functions of a water meter manhole
- measuring water consumption - the main function of a water meter shaft is to provide a space for a water meter to be placed, which accurately monitors the amount of water that passes through the site
- protection of the water metering device - the water meter shaft provides physical protection of the water meter from mechanical damage and external influences such as weather conditions or vandalism
- Easy access and maintenance - the water meter shaft makes the meter easily accessible for reading and maintenance, allowing technicians to carry out regular inspections and repairs to the equipment without the need to disturb or damage the supply pipe
- monitoring and management of water consumption - the manhole allows continuous monitoring of water consumption at a specific customer, improving water resource management, allowing identification of potential leaks or irregularities and taking action to reduce water consumption
How a water meter shaft works
A water meter shaft works on the simple principle that water supplied from the mains flows into the shaft. As soon as a customer opens the tap, water flows through the manhole towards the house or building. At that moment, the water consumption is measured. A water meter located inside the manhole has a measuring mechanism that reacts to the flow of water and calculates its volume.
How to install a water meter shaft
The water meter shaft is installed in a pre-prepared trench with a concrete slab, taking into account the 1.2 m width and 1.5 m height of the water meter shaft. The dimensions of the water meter shaft can be adjusted depending on the requirements of the respective water and sewerage system. Its service opening of 600 mm x 600 mm or 600 mm diameter allows easy access for maintenance and inspection. With a height of 500 mm, it provides sufficient space to accommodate two grommets 1, a meter stand and footings.
Once the manhole is placed in the excavation, the container is carefully filled with soil from the excavation and slightly compacted. Before backfilling the manhole, ensure watertightness by connecting it to the water pipe through pre-prepared sealing penetrations.
How to maintain the water meter shaft
To ensure proper and reliable operation, regular maintenance of the water meter manhole is essential to help prevent potential problems, minimize the risk of failures and extend its life.
First and foremost, we recommend visually inspecting the water meter shaft regularly to detect potential problems such as cracks, leaks or signs of corrosion damage. It is also important to clean it of sediment, dirt and dead leaves that could affect proper functioning. Ensure that water flows freely in the manhole and is not blocked in any way. Always ensure that the manhole cover is properly closed and sealed. This will prevent the ingress of dirt and moisture.
If you live in an area with freezing winters, it is important to ensure that the water meter manhole and water meter are protected from freezing temperatures. Also consider insulating the manhole or using special protective covers to minimise the risk of freezing.


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I designed a kernel function (to be used within SVM) which has the expression $tr(AB)$ in it. For efficient implementation of this, I was wondering if I could write $tr(AB)$ as an inner product: $\phi(A)^T \phi(B)$? What is the function $\phi()$?
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I'm not sure I understand your question (it would help if you eliminated or explained your jargon), but the obvious optimization is that you don't explicitly need to compute AB: tr(AB) is the sum of A_{ij}*B_{ji} over all pairs i,j. You can do this with a single pass over your matrices. – Darsh Ranjan Jan 14 '10 at 9:25
_USER_ you beat me by 3 minutes! I can explain some of the terminology. Imagine you have data in $\mathbb{R}^d$ (here it seems to be in $\mathbb{R}^{d\times d}$??) but want to work with it in $\mathbb{R}^D$, which you can accomplish by passing everything through a mapping $\Phi$. If $D \gg d$, this can be expensive. But in some cases your algorithm need only compute inner products $\langle \Phi(a), \Phi(b)\rangle$, in which case there may be a functin $k(\cdot,\cdot)$ which computes the same thing but with much less work than the explicit mapping. this is called the 'kernel trick'. – Matus Telgarsky Jan 14 '10 at 9:34
Note that you don't really need the explicit mapping $\phi$. What you want is a kernel $k(A, B)$ which has the property that $k(A, B) = \phi(A)^T \phi(B)$. Generally, you compute the kernel directly, instead of calculating the mapping and computing the dot product -- that's why it's called kernel 'trick'. In your case, it seems you want the kernel to be $k(A, B) = tr(AB)$. So it seems you want to know how to compute the trace efficiently, rather than what the mapping is. – user3035 Jan 14 '10 at 10:02
The non-efficiency-related part of this question is basic linear algebra: tr(AB) is an inner product on the space of nxn matrices and so you can find isometric isomorphisms from M_{nxn} to R^{n^2}. Any of these will do for the map phi. I do not know whether or not any of these will improve the efficiency in calculating the trace, but I doubt it. – Andrew Stacey Jan 14 '10 at 10:20
Sorry for being ambiguous. I know that I can implement $k(A,B)$ directly and avoid needing $\phi()$. But it would be nice if I have $\phi()$ because then, I can use a regular linear SVM on my $\phi()$ mapped vectors. This is much simpler and faster compared to implementing $k(A,B)$ and plugging it into SVM. – andinos Jan 14 '10 at 21:39
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2 Answers
up vote 0 down vote accepted
Matus is right. But if the matrices $A$, and $B$ have certain properties like being symmetric, or diagonal, then simply just vectorizing the matrices and taking their inner product would be equal to the $tr(AB)$.
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If $A,B$ are arbitrary $n\times n$ matrices, by definition of trace, $\textrm{tr}(AB) = \sum_{i,j} A_{ij}B_{ji}$. This is $O(n^2)$, but just reading the entries of $A$ is $\Omega(n^2)$. Without any special structure on $A,B$, you probably can't do better.
If $A,B$ are (column) vectors, you probably mean the outer product $\textrm{tr}(AB^T) = \sum_i A_i B_i$.
Edit: andinos clarified to say he wants to know about the implicit mapping of the kernel function. Well I have bad news: It does not exist!! The proof works by showing there exist matrices $A,B$ such that the corresponding kernel matrix is not positive semi-definite. To finish, apply Mercer's theorem.
In particular, set $A = \left(\begin{array}{cc}1 & 1 \\\\ -1 & 1\end{array}\right)$ and $B = A^T = \left(\begin{array}{cc}1 & -1 \\\\ 1 & 1\end{array}\right)$. Therefore $\textrm{tr}(AB) = \textrm{tr}(AA^T) = 4$, and $\textrm{tr}(BA)$ is identical. On the other hand, $\textrm{tr}(AA) = \textrm{tr}(BB) = 0$. therefore, the kernel matrix $K$ is $\left(\begin{array}{cc}0 & 4 \\\\ 4 & 0\end{array}\right)$. Set $x = \left(\begin{array}{c} 1 \\\\ -1\end{array}\right)$, and observe that $x^T K x = -8 < 0$, and therefore $K$ is not PSD, so the kernel $k(A,B) = \textrm{tr}(AB)$ is not PSD.
On the other hand! If you had instead defined your kernel to be $k'(A,B) = \textrm{tr}(AB^T)$, notice that $k'(A,B) = \sum_{i,j}A_{ij}B_{ij} = \Phi(A)^T\Phi(B)$ where $\Phi$ simply takes its input matrix and outputs it as a column vector.
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text:
The Soul of a New Hand Tool
Hand levels are one of the standard tools in the kits of house builders, plumbers, and many other tradespeople. Until 1990, all levels were bubble-type spirit levels. But in that year, a California carpenter, Andy Butler, and some Silicon Valley engineers patented a new level that depended on high-tech electronics to show digitally the precise angle of the surface being checked.
The "SmartLevel," as the new tool was named, found a market among users of traditional levels who needed precise degree measurements. Butler and his colleagues, more interested in developing a new idea than amassing a fortune, sold the SmartLevel line and moved onto new projects.
In 1995, the Lemelson Center supported oral history interviews with Andy Butler and other key individuals involved with the development, manufacture, and marketing of this new generation of digital hand tool. Additional interviews with SmartLevel principles outside California are forthcoming. At the conclusion of the project, the interviews, an archive of original documents, drawings, photographs, and other records, several generations of SmartLevels, hardware store display elements, and sales training videotapes will be preserved in the Archives Center of the National Museum of American History.
For more information on this collection, email the Archives Center.
Originally published in Fall 1995.


text:
DOCSIS 3.1 compatibility
Ensures that the downstream frequency band will reach 1.2 GHz and that the upstream can easily be upgraded to 204 MHz.
Especially wide gain range and high output level
The AC1500 amplifier stages are based on a high-performance solution that makes the usable gain range especially wide and enables a high output level. With internal splitting there are 3 separate outputs available.
Integrated gain and slope controls
The mid-stage gain and slope controls are integrated into the system. Together with the transponder, or pilot detection module, they cater to the ALSC (Automatic Level and Slope Control) function, thereby optimising the flatness performance of the system. A temperature-compensating MLSC (Manual Level and Slope Control) unit minimises the number of ALSC units needed.
Built-in switches and controls
Ingress switches, return amplifier and continuous rotary switch upstream controls are built into the motherboard.


On your iPhone 4S, you can use the Mail app's handy Search feature to find specific e-mails. For example, say you want to find all messages from a certain person or containing a certain word in the Subject field.
 1. With Mail open, tap the Inbox button.
 2. In the Inbox, tap in the Search field. The onscreen keyboard appears.
 3. Enter a search term or name.
 4. Tap the From, To, Subject tab to view messages that contain the search term in one of those fields, or tap the All tab to see messages in which any of these three fields contains the term. Matching e-mails are listed in the results.
You can also use the Spotlight Search feature to search for terms in the To, From, or Subject lines of mail messages.
To start a new search or go back to the full Inbox, tap the Delete icon (the circled X) on the far-right end of the Search field to delete the term or just tap the Cancel button.


text: World Day for Animals in Laboratories (also known as World Lab Animal Day) is observed on 24 April. The surrounding week has come to be known as "World Week for Animals in Laboratories". The National Anti-Vivisection Society (NAVS) describe the day as an "international day for commemoration" for animals in laboratories. This Day was established in 1979 by the British NAVS and since then also has attracted attention from scientific groups defending rights of animals in research. Today the event is marked by demonstrations and protests by groups opposed to the use of animals in research. The term "laboratory animal" appeared at the end of XIX century due to the rapid development of experimental biology and medicine. Today laboratory animals are used for modeling pathological processes and testing drugs, cosmetics, cigarettes, food additives, household chemicals. Every year hundreds of mice, rabbits, monkeys and dogs are killed in laboratories. Moreover, animals are used in training of future doctors and veterinarians. That is why the World Day of Laboratory Animals was founded to draw global attention to this problem.


text:
HAMILTON, Ont. September 11, 2009The smell of recent death or injury that repels living relatives of insects has been identified as a truly ancient signal that functions to avoid disease or predators, biologists have discovered.
David Rollo, professor of biology at McMaster University, found that corpses of animals, from insects to crustaceans, all emit the same death stench produced by a blend of specific fatty acids.
The findings have been published in the journal Evolutionary Biology.
Rollo and his team made the discovery while they were studying the social behavior of cockroaches. When a cockroach finds a good place to live it marks the site with pheromone odours that attract others. In trying to identify the precise chemicals involved, Rollo extracted body juices from dead cockroaches.
"It was amazing to find that the cockroaches avoided places treated with these extracts like the plague," says Rollo. "Naturally, we wanted to identify what chemical was making them all go away."
The team eventually identified the specific chemicals that signaled death. Furthermore, they found that the same fatty acids not only signaled death in ants, caterpillars, and cockroaches, they were equally effective in terrestrial woodlice and pill bugs that are actually not insects but crustaceans related to crayfish and lobsters.
Because insects and crustaceans diverged more than 400-million years ago it is likely that most subsequent species recognize their dead in a similar way, that the origin of such signals was likely even older, and that such behaviour initially occurred in aquatic environments (few crustaceans are terrestrial).
"Recognizing and avoiding the dead could reduce the chances of catching the disease, or allow you to get away with just enough exposure to activate your immunity," says Rollo. Likewise, he adds, release of fatty acids from dismembered body parts could provide a strong warnin
|Contact: Jane Christmas|


text:
From Joondalup Times including the photo:
THE biggest flock of rehabilitated Carnaby's black cockatoos ever released back into the wild in WA were set free in Yanchep National Park on August 16.
The Department of Environment and Conservation, and volunteers from the Black Cockatoo Rehabilitation Centre, returned 28 birds to their natural habitat.
The centre, based in the Perth hills, works closely with DEC and Perth Zoo specialising in the care of sick, injured and orphaned Carnaby's and Baudin's red-tailed and white-tailed black cockatoos.
DEC senior wildlife officer Rick Dawson said the release was a "great sight to watch" and an important step in the recovery plan for the species.
"We are keen to keep track of the rehabilitated birds, so bands and microchips have been placed on the birds to monitor their progress and gauge the success of the release," he said.
"DNA samples also have been taken to aid monitoring and identification programs for the species.
"In the past 12 years more than 500 Carnaby's cockatoos have been released back into the wild."
The birds are an endangered species under both WA and Commonwealth legislation.
Threats include loss of habitat and shooting.
The number of white-tailed black cockatoos has dropped considerably since the 1960s but the birds can live up to 50 years in the right circumstances.
Last Updated on Sunday, 10 June 2012 17:30


text:
When viewing an event in which an object moves behind an occluder on part of its trajectory, 4-month-old infants perceive the trajectory as continuous only when time or distance out of sight is short. Little is known, however, about the conditions under which young infants perceive trajectories to be discontinuous. In the present studies we focus first on infants' perception of trajectories that change during a period of occlusion. Four-month-olds perceive discontinuity in trajectories that change in height or orientation while behind an occluder, and this is true even when a change in direction could be due to an invisible bouncing collision with a surface. Further experiments reveal that infants do not perceive diagonal linear trajectories as continuous across an occlusion unless the occluding and revealing edges are orthogonal to the path of movement. Implications for theories of perceptual and cognitive development are discussed.
Bremner was lead author. Research arising from ESRC Grant R000238340 to Bremner held at Lancaster, with Slater (Exeter) as co-applicant and Johnson (NYU) as international collaborator. RAE_import_type : Journal article RAE_uoa_type : Psychology


text:
This year British Waterways embarks on an extensive engineering programme to repair and maintain inland waterways.
Britain's canals and rivers support 54,000 jobs and generate more than £1.5bn in visitor income each year according to British Waterways (BW), which is responsible for a 3200km network of canals and rivers in the UK.
'A 200-year-old canal requires constant maintenance and this year will see an increased number of engineering works to improve the fabric of the historic working waterways, ' says BW chief executive Robin Evans.
More than £23M will be spent replacing 133 lock gates and repairing 64 canal bridges as well as undertaking structural works to a number of canal embankments, aqueducts and reservoirs.
Works taking place this winter include a £650,000 restoration of Dowley Gap Aqueduct on the Leeds & Liverpool Canal near Bradford.
This will strengthen the seven-span grade II listed structure and prevent the leaks in the canal bed that have been damaging its masonry.
Following installation of temporary dams, contractor Galliford Try will drain the aqueduct and install a new reinforced concrete canal invert on the canal bed to prevent further leakage.
The project will also address the movement and bulging of the aqueduct's spandrel walls as well as circumferential cracks and deep open joints in the masonry that have opened up on each span.
Site access is difficult because of the aqueduct's isolated location.
Where possible materials will be delivered by water.
To prevent future deterioration, vegetation around the structure will be cleared. This is necessary to prevent seeds dropping onto the aqueduct and the risks of root growth undermining its foundations.
The works, which have meant canal closure since November, will ensure that when it reopens in March the aqueduct will be removed from Bradford council's buildings at risk register.
March will also see BW beginning 10 weeks of leakage repairs and remedial works to Startop's End Reservoir which feeds the Grand Union Canal in Hertfordshire.
Repairs will ensure the reservoir, which has had to operate at reduced levels because of the undermining effects of the leakage, will be operating at full capacity in time for the start of this year's boating season.
A thermal survey in March 2005 concluded there was leakage across the 230m north west embankment when water in the reservoir was at capacity. If allowed to continue, this could lead to the earth embankment destabilising.
To reduce the risk of a canal breach, the reservoir has been kept 600mm below its capacity. However this has reduced the amount of water kept in the reservoir by 71,300m3.The project will include sheet piling along the embankment, underpinning of the concrete wall at the junction of the south west and north west banks and the refurbishment of a weir.
Startop's End Reservoir is within a site of special scienti'c interest (SSSI), so the project has been the subject of an environmental appraisal and requires consent from English Nature.
Contractor Morrison won the £630,000 contract, which is expected to finish in late April.
Elsewhere, Galliford Try is working on the Trent and Mersey Canal in Cheshire after BW engineers found sections of the canal had been sinking. This is the result of years of third party salt mining and brine extraction from the ground beneath the canal.
An assessment of the risks of the ground loss leading to a canal breach was undertaken. The £700,000 engineering works should mitigate the effects of a rupture with the installation of two sets of flood gates.
Should a breach occur, the timber flood gates would automatically shut, stopping water leaving the canal and flowing on to adjacent land. Most of the 338bn. l of water in the canal pound near Northwich would be retained.
Engineering works will begin with construction of clay dams at each gate site. Two concrete flood gate chambers will then be built and each set of flood gates craned into position.
Once the site is drained, pumps will maintain the water feed to the canal downstream which is vital not only for the continued leisure use of the waterways but for their fauna and flora.
The project is expected to run until the middle of March.


Why Choose Us?
A popular upgrade for drivers who want to upgrade their brake systems maybe steel braided brake lines. To make good decisions about whether to pursue this kind of brake work, it's important to understand how braided brake lines differ from the standard factory brake lines in your car and how they work.
Brake lines are one of the most important parts of a brake system. Most vehicles use a hydraulic brake system. The brake lines of a vehicle have to carry that fluid from the master cylinder to the caliper, and they have to do it quickly! When your brake lines are not in good shape, braking power may be reduced, or the brakes may even fail in some situations.
Braided Brake Lines: Advantages
Lots of drivers of high performance vehicles like steel braided brake lines for a couple of reasons. Off-road drivers appreciate that it's harder for stray objects to puncture the braided brake line designs. Another feature that is prized by all kinds of drivers is that braided brake lines are subject to less of a bulge when pressure is placed on them. In a braking situation, brake lines bulge under pressure. Less bulge is better than more, because it helps to retain the integrity of the line. That's why some racing cars and other vehicles carry steel braided brake lines as opposed to standard lines.
Why are flexible brake hoses used in the first place?
From the factory, nearly every production passenger car has short, flexible hoses that run from the fixed, hard metal brake tubes to the calipers (or wheel cylinders as the case may be). These flexible hoses are necessary because the wheel ends are free to move relative to the body of the vehicle. Inflexible tubes would not allow for the articulation of the wheel ends without subsequent failure.
What are OEM hoses made from?
Typically, OEM hoses contain a compliant polymeric inner hose to transmit brake fluid pressure from the brake tubes to the caliper. While the polymeric tube itself does a good job of withstanding attack from the brake fluid, it must be protected from the outside world and is consequently wrapped (over-molded) with a thick, rubber coating. Hollow fasteners at one or both ends of the hose provide a direct flow path and a leak-free connection system.
So how are Stainless Steel lines different?
Stainless Steel lines (they are actually hoses, but we'll use the common term "lines" from this point forward in this FAQ) are similar to OEM hoses in function, but differ greatly in execution. Unlike OEM hoses, SS lines incorporate a low-compliance Teflon inner hose. In addition, instead of covering the Teflon with over-molded rubber a woven braid of Stainless Steel strands is placed over the hose for protection. As with an OEM hose, the ends are terminated with hollow fasteners to allow for the leak-free passage of brake fluid.
So why is that better than the OEM rubber design?
Stainless Steel lines provide a number of benefits as compared to their OEM rubber overmolded counterparts.
1. The SS braid provides superior protection from flying roadway debris. 2. The SS braid and Teflon hose reduce expansion during pressurization. 3. They provide the race car look.
I understand the protection benefit, but can you explain the reduced expansion benefit?
Any time that an object is subjected to internal pressure, it expands. The amount of expansion will be proportional to the amount of pressure present and the rigidity of the holding structure. In the case of brake hoses, we are subjecting Teflon to internal pressures as high as 3000PSI. Because the Teflon is relatively flexible (which makes it ideal for the job in one regard), it will expand under these conditions. This expansion creates additional fluid volume in the hydraulic circuit which is felt by the driver as a soft or mushy pedal.
Rubber over-molding does little to reduce expansion under pressure, as rubber is also a relatively flexible material. A woven braid of Stainless Steel, however, can greatly increase the rigidity of the hose under pressure while still allowing adequate flexibility for wheel end movement. In many cases, this reduced expansion can be felt by the driver as a firmer or more responsive brake pedal.
In addition, the reduced compliance will result in a faster transient response of the brake system. In other words, the time from the driver hitting the brake pedal until deceleration is generated will be decreased by a small amount. The benefit will vary based on each individual application, but in general overall deceleration can be attained more quickly, resulting in slightly shorter stopping distances.


text:
In this section
Definition of Terms
Maintaining a safe environment for all patients
Educating families and carers
Considerations for discahrge
Falls are the most common cause of paediatric injury leading to emergency department visits. It is widely acknowledged that children are at risk of falls in the community and with many education programs supporting prevention, it is important that this education is reflected in the hospital environment. Children fall as they grow, develop coordination and new skills.and are often unaware of their limitations. Therefore one could conclude that all children are at some risk of falling.
The intention of this guideline is to raise awareness and educate nursing staff and the multidisciplinary team of the importance of maintaining a safe environment for all patients; assist with identifying patients who are high risk of fall; provide the tools to educate families and carers of the potential risk of falls and outline strategies to develop individualised management plans of care to reduce risk for high risk patients.
All paediatric patients are considered at risk of falling and simple prevention strategies should be put in place to ensure the risk of injury is minimized. A safe environment should be maintained for all patients within the Royal Children's Hospital (RCH). Standard safety measures should be put place for all patients regardless of identified risk, these include:
Half of falls incidents within the RCH occur when a parent or carer is present. Whilst most parents are aware of maintaining a safe environment for their children in the home environment, many are unaware of the environmental risks when in hospital due to being in an unfamiliar environment accompanied with increased levels of anxiety related to hospital admission.The hospitalisation of children provides an opportunity to reinforce parent/carer information and education concerning normal psychological and motor development of small children, which is related to falls risks and other hazards both inside and outside hospital.
The falls risk assessment score is documented in the Primary Assessment flow sheet in the EMR. The falls risk assessment tool does not replace clinical judgment, if a patient does not present with a high risk score but is thought to be high risk by medical or nursing staff, allied health, parents or carers extra precautions to protect such patients should be documented and actioned.
Factors influencing risk include:
See Clinical Guideline (Nursing): Nursing Assessment for more detailed assessment information.
Standard safety measures should be put in place for all patients regardless of the risk identified.Falls score equal to or greater than 3 necessitates the implementation of a Falls High Risk Management Plan which is located in the Primary Assessment flowsheet within the EMR.For all patients identified as high risk, i.e., those with a falls risk score of 3 or greater; a Falls High Risk Management Plan must be commenced. The plan will be developed in collaboration with the child's parent or carer and will be specific to the patient's individual needs.The plan will remain in use until the patient's falls risk score changes. If the falls risk score alters a new plan will be implemented as the patients needs may have changed. Patient risk should continue to be assessed daily, once the patient's risk score is less than 3 and the patient's risk of falling is reduced, a management plan is no longer required; however it is important that a safe environment is always maintained.A physiotherapist can advise as to how to safely support the patient during positioning, transfers, standing, walking and use of mobility aids.An occupational therapist can ensure safe setup of the ward bedroom, bathroom and toilet to minimise falls risks and recommend management techniques/assistive equipment for self-care tasks.In the event of the occurrence of a fall:
Documentation of a fall event
Some patients may have a high risk score at the time of discharge. For this patient group the following should be considered:
High risk patients may be eligible for Post Acute Care (PAC). To make a referral contact the RCH Complex Care Hub.
Little Schmidy Falls Risk Assessment Tool
Click here to view the evidence table.
Please remember to read the disclaimer.
The development of this nursing guideline was coordinated by Nadine Stacey, Clinical Lead, Quality and Safety, and approved by the Nursing Clinical Effectiveness Committee. Updated August 2017.


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Bildtext får vara max två rader text. Hela texten ska högerjusteras om den bara ska innehålla fotobyline! Photo: B. Christensen/Azote
Tame the flames, rule the world
New understanding of power shows important relations between humans and nature
- From a social-ecological standpoint it makes sense to expand the concept of power to include not only humans but also other living creatures
- Power can be used to change the conduct of living beings, as well as the conditions under which they live, for example through managing and controlling landscapes
- Including other living beings in the concept of power can remind us that our responsibilities stretch beyond our own species
Ask academics to define power and the reaction could well be that of panic or sheer confusion. That is because power is a perpetually contested concept in social theory. Power is difficult to define because it exists in many forms, be it economic power, military power, or symbolic power. The famous sociologist Max Weber defined it as "the probability that one actor within a social relationship will be in a position to carry out his own will despite resistance, regardless of the basis on which this probability rests".
Weber's definition highlights that power only exists through social relationships between persons: it is employed by someone and influences others. From a social-ecological perspective, Weber seems to have been missing something.
In a paper recently published in Ecology and Society centre research Wijnand Boonstra argues that power needs to be redefined as including not only dependency relations between people, but also between people and other living beings. His research is timely, because resilience scholars have been relatively silent when it comes to addressing the issue of power relations.
The power of fire
Boonstra illustrates how the concept of power can be used to analyse the interdependency between humans and nature with the example of the domestication of fire. Relations between humans and the natural environment dramatically changed when humans learned to tame the flames and acquired firepower.
"By including humans as well as other living beings in the concept of power, we are reminded that our responsibilities stretch beyond our species"
When early humans came to learn how to use fire, they gained control over a crucial source of power. With fire they could influence the conduct of other people and species, for example by using fire as a source of protection or to chase others away.
But the use of fire also indirectly changed the social and ecological conditions under which both humans and other species lived. Landscape burnings radically changed the habitat in which humans and other species lived. Fire also enabled cooking and so led to human physiological changes that in turn triggered other human abilities.
For maintaining, transporting and handling fire people also had to learn how to collaborate, think ahead, and communicate. The domestication of fire highlights how the use of power sources comes with shifts in interdependencies between people and nature.
With great power comes great responsibility
The story of how humans tamed the flames is important because it helps us understand how power can be used to think about responsibility.
For example, terming the current geological era the Anthropocene in a sense disperses responsibility for human-caused global change to the whole of humanity. However, only a small minority has been responsible for the majority of the activities that drive the 'great acceleration'. The Indian subsistence farmer, the African herder and the Peruvian slum-dweller are grouped together with inhabitants of the rich world, despite playing different roles in ecological devastation and planetary overshoot. In this way, the term Anthropocene points to the power of humans as a species but conceals who is exercising that power and how, where and when.
"The concept of social power that I present is an effort to provide a tool to address the issue of responsibility for this kind of complex and global social-ecological interactions," says Boonstra.
"My effort to conceptualise power is to help tease out whose actions are impacting whose conduct and situation, and to include social-ecological interdependencies. By including humans as well as other living beings in the concept of power, we are reminded that our responsibilities stretch beyond our species," he concludes.
Boonstra, W. J. 2016. Conceptualizing power to study social-ecological interactions. Ecology and Society 21(1):21. _URL_
About the centre author:
Wijnand Boonstra is particularly interested in understanding how individual use of ecosystems aggregates to form so-called regimes of ecosystem use. Describing and explaining the complex set of social and ecological conditions and their interaction at micro and macro scales that cause these regimes to shift, is a key research objective.
Research news | 2021-07-03
Groundbreaking book on methods to study social-ecological systems
Open-access book covers 28 broad groups of methods, featuring contributions from almost a hundred authors in 16 countries
Research news | 2021-06-23
Better scenario building can help curb global threat of invasive species
Invasive species remain largely ignored in current future analyses. Experts present first set ever of alternative futures for global biological invasions
Research news | 2021-06-22
New software helps design sustainable cities
Natural Capital Project have developed a software that shows city planners where to invest in nature to improve people's lives. It will also save billions of dollars
Research news | 2021-06-21
Proximity to green boosts building projects
Proximity to ecosystem services raises the value of residential and commercial areas around cities. Future projects should focus more to keep it that way
Research news | 2021-06-18
How much is the right amount of meat?
Celebrating World Sustainable Gastronomy Day, centre doctoral student Kajsa Resare Sahlin on why we need to better understand how much 'less' meat actually is and what 'better' means
Research news | 2021-06-18
The accidental chef
How a former PhD student's book on food and life in the Pamir Mountains won the world's most prestigious culinary book award


text: Abstract : Hardware verification has become challenging due to ever-growing complexity of today's designs. We aim at assisting verification of hardware intellectual property (IP) modules at register transfer level (RTL) by means of data abstraction and static formal analysis techniques. We believe that before applying data abstraction, it is necessary to clearly define and separate the Control and Data processing of modules. The consideration of control and data in hardware has previously been a subjective judgment of the designer, based on the syntax. We intuitively define the "Control" as an entity responsible for the timings of the data operations in IP modules. The proposed definition was envisaged for separating Control and Data, independent of the subjective choice or the specific syntax. We have worked around a few semantic issues of the definition and demonstrated by reasoning, that an ideal separation of control and data is not achievable according to the proposed definition due to the syntax dependent boolean computations. We therefore, separate the Control and Data based on designer's knowledge. A control-data slicing algorithm is proposed to split the module into a control slice and a data slice which meets our desired goal of data abstraction. An abstraction is achieved in case of slicing with data-independent control. The bit accurate RTL data slice is replaced by a functional data computation model for fast simulations. The control slice being critical entity with timing information, remains intact during this process. This provides us a way of abstracting the data processing and considering only the timing information for formal verification. We have proposed the notion of significance to represent the intentional data in IP modules. Significance is used to represent boolean data dependencies in modules for formal verification of the data flows. Approximations to data dependencies in IP modules have been realized with demonstration of their correctness. The verification technique based on significance is realized which enables to formally verify properties related to the datapaths.


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Penta people, the Pentominoes, always build their houses from five
square rooms. I wonder how many different Penta homes you can
Can you make these equilateral triangles fit together to cover the
paper without any gaps between them? Can you tessellate isosceles
A tetromino is made up of four squares joined edge to edge. Can
this tetromino, together with 15 copies of itself, be used to cover
an eight by eight chessboard?
Below is a pattern which can be created using a pair of
compasses and a ruler, and a photograph of an Islamic Star.
Use the interactivity to make this Islamic star and cross
Can you produce the following tessellations:
regular octagons with two different types of triangle?
irregular hexagons with triangles and squares?
Click on a region of the pattern to change its colour. The
colours will cycle between white, green, purple and orange if you
Use the CLEAR button to change everything back to white.
version of the above interactivity


This TikTok Shows How You Can Walk to Russia From the U.S. — and Cross a 22-hour Time Zone
International travel is a lot simpler than it sounds.
A TikTok user called laubandrew posted a video that explains just how you can actually walk from Alaska to Russia. The explanation is mostly hypothetical, but it's an interesting way to show just how close North America is to the Asian continent.
aerial view of Big and Little Diomede Islands in the Bering Strait between Russia and Alaska
In the video, laubandrew notes the close proximity of two islands in the Bering Strait that mark the division between Russia and the United States. The first island is called Big Diomede, which is 25 miles off the coast of Russia, and the second island is called Little Diomede, which is about 16 miles off the coast of Alaska.
"These islands are only two-and-a-half miles apart," the TikTok user said in the video. "Which means that in the winter when the water freezes, you can walk from the United States in only 20 minutes."
Although, it's probably not recommended to walk to these islands. Although they are in close proximity to each other, the walk isn't quite so solid getting from the mainlands to the islands, especially in the dead of winter. In 1987, long distance swimmer Lynne Cox swam from one island to the other in about two hours, although this was in the middle of August.
But since they are parts of two different countries, the two islands are also in completely different time zones.
"To make matters even crazier, Big Diomede Island is 21 hours ahead of Little Diomede Island, which means that if you were to walk from the United States to Russia, you'd literally be walking into the next day. This is why they call Little Diomede 'Yesterdayland' and Big Diomede 'Tomorrowland,'" said the TikTok user.
Though we're used to seeing the U.S. and Russia on opposite sides of the map, the video certainly points out just how connected nations actually are, regardless of whether this is a practical way to travel or not.
Source: Read Full Article


text:
Is there a Process to follow for Account Creation?
PROCESS DOCUMENT: This article provides instructions for creating accounts such as: Blackboard, UICal, etc.
Note: Make certain user has valid affiliation. The NetID must be activated.
Pull up owner's NetID in menu
Go to: 5) Accounts, Passwords, Suspensions > ENTER
Go to: 1) Make a new account. ENTER
Under Machine, type the name of the account
List of some accounts frequently created:
gapps (Google Apps "Gmail")
*If you are not sure what the proper name of the account is, please ask a supervisor or manager for assistance.
Leave the Group as "DEFAULT". TAB
Do not change the netid. TAB
Do not change the "Owner-type: ([P[ersonal]". TAB
Leave the Name as "DEFAULT". TAB
TAB to: [Submit] and press the enter button
**This will display when process was successful: Success (rc=0).Success! RC:0 Success
Update Customer Contact Form (CCF)
1. Open CCF
2. Enter the following under, "Customer & Consultant Information":
Phone Number (Optional)
Contact Type: RT
3. Enter the following under, "Interaction Information":
Click "Existing Ticket" button
Service: Identity and Access Management
Ticket #: Enter the ticket number from RT
CC: Enter complete email address (if needed or requested)
**Action Taken: Resolved
Comments: Select the appropriate article:
253 Templates: Box Account
254 Templates: Google Apps
255 Templates: Mailserv
252 Templates: UI Calendar
Please note: there is no option to attach an article in the CCF directly. Therefore, pull
up the article in RT first then copy and paste the article in the CCF form in the
"Comments" section. DO NOT send/ update the article directly in RT.
4. Enter the following under, "Additional Information":
Service: Multiple ACCC Services
Case Type? (Specific topics that the consultant is performing): Select the appropriate case type, if not available select, "other"
Incident or Request: Request
5. Click, "SUBMIT" button


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Stony River Reservoir facts for kids
Quick facts for kidsStony River Reservoir
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|Location||Grant County, West Virginia,
|Primary inflows||Stony River|
|Primary outflows||Stony River|
|Basin countries||United States|
Stony River Reservoir was constructed on the Stony River in 1888 by Westvaco to supply the source of water for the company's main pulp mill. William Luke's summer residence was located on the lake. The dam suffered from structural weakness and was periodically drained for repairs. The center portion of the dam has since been demolished and the reservoir drained. The majority of the dam still stands on either side of the, now, free flowing river.
Stony River Reservoir Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.


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MetaVR Europe Terrain
MetaVR™ has built 1509 geocells of 3D terrain covering the continent of Europe, in its round-earth geocentric Metadesic™ format.
This terrain was built from 15 meters-per-pixel (mpp) NaturalVue imagery of the European continent. In addition, the 3D terrain includes 0.60 mpp high-resolution natural color insets of many European capital cities and other cities of interest. Terrain elevation information was based on 3-arcsecond DTED level 1 and void-filled Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data and subsampled to achieve a nominal 50 meter post spacing.
Residing in a geocentric coordinate system, these MetaVR Metadesic (round-earth) terrain tiles are suitable for real-time visualization in MetaVR's Virtual Reality Scene Generator (VRSG) in applications such as simulation, and synthetic vision such as glass-cockpit displays, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) applications, close-air-support (CAS) exercises, and fixed-wing cockpit simulation.
This Europe 3D terrain dataset can serve as a baseline to which you can add your own higher-fidelity information, such as high-resolution aerial imagery or LIDAR elevation data, GPS point surveys, or 3D point features (such as buildings, trees, targets, and runway models). With this terrain, you can add culture assets from MetaVR's extensive model libraries and construct pattern-of-life scenarios using MetaVR's VRSG Scenario Editor.
If information is provided directly from sensors in the field, such information can also be added to the terrain in real time. Using MetaVR's Terrain Tools for Esri® ArcGIS®, you can update terrain areas of interest as you obtain additional imagery source data.
Included with the terrain of the Ukraine is a high-resolution, geotypical urban MOUT site situated in the city area of Kharkiv. This detailed model of five unique city blocks, built by EdgedSign, is comprised of over 40 buildings in different configurations conducive to urban combat training. Detailed multi-level interiors of residential and office buildings, such as walls, hallways, stairwells, windows, doorways, and attics, enable trainees to reproduce natural firing positions within training exercises. The virtual MOUT model also makes extensive use of street elements such as fences, street lights, utility poles and cables, and street and park furniture.
The following symbolic representation shows the geographic coverage of the terrain tiles of Europe. This terrain tile coverage map was generated with MetaVR's Model Viewer. The green areas indicate use of 15 mpp imagery and the red areas are the high-resolution insets.
As additional source data becomes available, MetaVR will continue to build 3D terrain for additional areas to add to its 3D terrain datasets of the world.
Specifications for MetaVR's Europe terrain dataset in Metadesic format:
MetaVR's Europe 3D terrain dataset in Metadesic (MDS) format is available for purchase to MetaVR customers who are on active Virtual Reality Scene Generator™ (VRSG™) software maintenance and are US Government or NATO agencies or contractors (for official use only). The terrain is provided in MetaVR's round-earth terrain format and will only run with a valid VRSG version 6 software license with valid software maintenance through June 30, 2016. For US-domestic use only, not available for export.
The Europe terrain dataset is delivered on an external hard drive. (A nominal fee covers the processing of large quantities of data in the Metadesic format and the hard drive distribution media.)


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Easter - Teaching Resources
Explore our collection of Easter-themed teaching resources for use in your primary or secondary classroom. Here you will find short films, audio stories and assembly packs.
In 2022, Easter Day falls on Sunday, 17 April.
The Christian Story of Easter
A short animated film narrating the Christian story of Easter. The animation is bright and colourful to immerse pupils in the story through a clear, friendly narrative.
Forgiveness: The Story of Easter
The Easter story is told in a bold, 3D animation for KS2 - with a focus on Jesus' forgiveness for his persecutors.
Assemblies KS1: Dan the Donkey
An assembly for Palm Sunday - featuring Dan, a small donkey with a very big job to do!
Assemblies KS1: The Easter Story
An assembly for Easter focusing on Jesus' death, resurrection and ascension.
Britain in Springtime
An inspiring short film for primary schools looking at the seasonal changes that occur during springtime. Set to classical music, we see children taking part in an Easter egg hunt, a variety of native birds displaying seasonal behaviour, and plants bursting into leaf and flower.
Audio Stories KS2: At the foot of the cross
A Roman soldier recounts his part in Jesus' crucifixion - and the events that followed.
Audio Stories KS2: Peter's Story 1: And then the cock crowed
The disciple, Peter, recounts Jesus' arrest...and his shame at denying their friendship.
Audio Stories KS2: Peter's Story 2: Feed my sheep
Peter recounts how the risen Jesus appears to him and his brother at the Sea of Galilee.
An engaging animated short film looking at some significant religious festivals including Easter, Yom Kippur, Eid-Ul-Fitr and Diwali.
When is Easter? Well, it depends...
Why is Easter a movable feast? Why are there two Easter dates and how did Easter influence the calendar we use today?


Logic Games Practice Test 4
Paragraph for questions 1 to 6
A committee, chosen from two groups, one group of the sales executives D, E, F, G and the other of the sales managers U, V, W is formed whenever required.
Each committee has three, four, or five members.
Both sales executives and sales managers must be represented in any committee, but never by equal numbers of members
Each committee is chaired by a member representing the group whose representatives are in the minority in that committee.
D and U cannot be in any committee unless they are together.
Either E or V or both are in any committee that is formed.
Question 1
Which of the following is a properly constituted committee, with the chairperson listed first?
 1. V; E, F
 2. D; E, U, W
 3. E; F, G, V
 4. W; D, U, V
 5. D; F, G, U,V
Correct Answer: A
Question 2
If, in a given committee, G must serve as a chairperson, the other members of that committee must be which of the following?
 1. F and V
 2. V and W
 3. E, U, and V
 4. E, V, and W
 5. U, V, and W
Correct Answer: B
Question 3
If a new committee, chaired by V, has been formed from an old committee, chaired by F, merely by replacing a single member of the old committee, which of the following must be the person who was thus replaced?
 1. D
 2. E
 3. G
 4. U
 5. W
Correct Answer: E
Question 4
If a committee consists of D, E, U, V and W, then what can be the composition of a new committee which is formed by replacing the maximum possible members of the old committee?
 1. D, E, V
 2. F, G, U
 3. F, D, U
 4. F, G, V
 5. E, F, G
Correct Answer: D
Question 5
Which of the following can be a committee of four chaired be V?
 1. D, E, U, V
 2. E, F, G, U
 3. G, E, V, W
 4. G, E, F, V
 5. D, E, F, W
Correct Answer: D
Question 6
For some unavoidable reasons the committee was made consisting of six members. Which of the following need not be a member of the committee?
 1. D
 2. G
 3. H
 4. V
 5. U
Correct Answer: D
Paragraph for questions 7 to 12
A teacher is making five children stand in a row. Each child is assigned a number tag before being made to stand in the row. The tags are not necessarily according to their positions.
Amy, Tara, Xenia, Yana, Pam are the children and they are given numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
The following conditions apply:
Exactly one number is given to a child.
Pam must be made to stand fourth and assigned number 1.
4 must be assigned to Yana.
Tara and Xenia must each be made to stand in one of the extreme positions.
Xenia cannot be given either number 2 or 3.
Question 7
Each of the following is a possible assignment of children to positions one and two, respectively, except
 1. Tara, Amy
 2. Tara, Yana
 3. Xenia, Amy
 4. Xenia, Yana
 5. Yana, Amy
Correct Answer: E
Question 8
Which of the following could be made to stand in third position?
 1. The child numbered 1
 2. The child numbered 3
 3. Tara
 4. Xenia
 5. Pam
Correct Answer: B
Question 9
If Amy is made to stand second, which of the following must be true?
 1. 2 is assigned to the child standing fifth.
 2. 3 is assigned to the child standing first.
 3. 5 is assigned to the child standing second.
 4. Tara is standing first.
 5. Yana is standing third.
Correct Answer: E
Question 10
If 4 and 3 are assigned to children standing second and third respectively, which of the following must be true?
 1. 2 is assigned to the child standing first
 2. Amy is standing third
 3. Tara is standing fifth.
 4. There is exactly one child standing between the one who is given number 4 and the one who is given number 5.
 5. There are exactly two children standing between Tara and Yana.
Correct Answer: B
Question 11
If 2 is assigned to Amy are she is standing second then, which of the following must be true?
 1. 1 is assigned to Yana.
 2. 3 is assigned to Tara.
 3. 4 is assigned to Yana who is standing fifth.
 4. 4 is assigned to Pam.
 5. 5 is assigned to Tara who is standing third.
Correct Answer: B
Question 12
All of the following is either true or can be true except
 1. Pam is standing fourth.
 2. Xenia can neither be given number 2 nor stand second.
 3. Tara is assigned number 2.
 4. Amy is not standing in an extreme position.
 5. Yana can not stand in any even position.
Correct Answer: E
Paragraph for questions 13 to 15
A construction company is planning the types of buildings to be constructed on a plot. Types of buildings are A, B, C, D, E and F. Buildings of type A and C are the only buildings classified as tall buildings. The company plans to construct two rows of exactly four buildings each, one on the east edge of the property and one on the west edge.
The selection of the buildings is subject to the following constraints:
Each type of building must be built at least once.
Each row of buildings must contain at least one tall building.
A row that includes one or more A type buildings must include at least one D type building.
A C type building cannot be constructed in the same row as an F type building.
Question 13
If three C type buildings are selected for one row, which of the following can be the buildings selected for the other row?
 1. A, B, D, E
 2. A, B, E, F
 3. A, C, D, F
 4. A, D, E, F
 5. B, D, E, F
Correct Answer: D
Question 14
Which of the following can be the selection of buildings for one of the rows?
 1. A, B, D, E
 2. A, B, D, F
 3. A, C, E, E
 4. A, D, D, D
 5. C, C, E, F
Correct Answer: B
Question 15
If a total of two A buildings are selected, which of the following must be true?
 1. Only one B type building is selected.
 2. Only one E type building is selected.
 3. Only one F type building is selected.
 4. Two D type buildings are selected.
 5. The two A type buildings are in the same row.
Correct Answer: C
PRAXIS2 test information
PRAXIS2 Test Format
PRAXIS2 Test Format and structure
PRAXIS2 Test Preparation
PRAXIS2 Test Preparation
PRAXIS2 Scores
PRAXIS2 Scores and scoring


text:
Refer to the following information when configuring profiles.
- Number: The ID number automatically assigned to the profile. Leave this number as assigned unless you plan on using custom profile number configurations. Manually changing this number can cause conflicts when managing multiple systems in Admin. Range is 1 – 99.
- Rearm Delay: When the user disarms an area outside of a schedule, delay automatic rearming by the number of minutes entered. To disable this feature, enter 0. Range is 0 – 720 minutes.
- Output Group: Assign outputs groups to a profile, allowing an entire group of outputs to turn on or off as required like when door access is granted. Enter the number of the output group that you want to assign to the profile. To disable this feature, enter 0. Range is 0 – 10.
The Arm/Disarm setting supersedes Arm and Disarm in Profile Options.
The Access setting supersedes Door Access in Profile Options.
- Arm/Disarm: Allow users with this profile to arm and disarm an area.
- Access: Allow users with this profile to access an area.
This setting supersedes Schedules in Profile Options.
- On: Allow profile members to access and edit a schedule.
- Off: Do not allow profile members to access and edit a schedule.
When enabled, these permissions allow profile members to access up to 4 private doors. Only doors that have been configured as private doors by your security provider are displayed in Profiles.
- On: Allow profile members to access selected private doors.
- Off: Do not allow profile members to access private doors.
When enabled in a profile, these permissions allow profile members to perform the following actions:
- Arm: Arm the system according to the options configured in Areas.
- Disarm: Disarm the system according to the options configured in Areas.
- Alarm Silence: Silence a system alarm.
- Sensor Reset: Reset all system sensors. A sensor reset is required for all smoke detectors, flood sensors, and temperature sensors that have triggered an alarm, as well as system restoral after a lockdown is ended. A sensor reset is also required to clear a low battery (LOBAT) message after changing a wireless device's batteries.
- Lockdown: Initiate a lockdown.
- Lockdown Override: End a lockdown and restore the system.
- Door Lock/Unlock: Lock and unlock doors.
- Door Access: Grant temporary door access.
- Armed Areas: View armed areas at a keypad.
- Outputs On/Off: Turn outputs on or off from a keypad's User Menu.
- Zone Status: View the status of zones.
- Bypass Zones: Bypass zones when arming the system.
- Zone Monitor: Enable the chime function.
- System Status: View the system's status.
- System Test: Initiate a system test from a keypad's User Menu.
- Profiles: Add, change, or delete profiles.
- User Codes: Add, change, or delete user codes.
- Extend: Extend a schedule for 2, 4, 6, or 8 hours.
- Schedules: Add, edit, or delete schedules.
- Set Time: Change the system date and time from a keypad's User Menu.
- Display Events: View system events.
- Service Request: Request a service call from your alarm provider.
- Fire Drill: Initiate a fire drill.
- Anti-Passback: Use anti-passback. Profile members are required to properly exit (egress) an area that they previously accessed. They cannot access the first area again until they properly exit through the second area.
- Easy Arm/Disarm: Arm or disarm all areas that are assigned to a code automatically.
- Use Secondary Language: Display a secondary language.
- Card Plus Pin: Use two access methods to operate the system from a keypad. The first method must be a credential such as a proximity patch, card, or key fob. The second method must be a PIN number entered at the keypad. Both the credential and PIN are configured in Users.
- Wi-Fi Setup: View the system's Wi-Fi settings, connect to available Wi-Fi networks, and use WPS association.