text:
Karolyn Smardz Frost is an accomplished author of lively and intriguing narrative non-fiction. A native of Toronto, Canada, she now lives with her husband, Norm, in beautiful Wolfville, Nova Scotia, where the view from her front porch encompasses the Minas Basin of the Bay of Fundy.
Both an archaeologist and an historian, in 1985 Karolyn directed the excavation of the first Underground Railroad site ever dug in Canada. It was the Toronto home of freedom-seekers Thornton and Lucie Blackburn, who had made their way to Canada from Louisville, Kentucky. In 2007, Karolyn won the Governor General's Award for her biography of the Blackburns. I've Got a Home in Glory Land: A Lost Tale of the Underground Railroad was the first entirely original fugitive slave biography published since the Civil War.
Karolyn's co-edited A Fluid Frontier: Slavery, Resistance, and the Underground Railroad in the Detroit River Borderland (2016), which won the Historical Society of Michigan Book Award. Her newest volume, Steal Away Home (HarperCollins Canada 2016) tells the intriguing tale of Cecelia Jane Reynolds, who at the age of fifteen fled her Louisville owners by way of the Cataract House hotel at Niagara Falls NY. A finalist for the Atlantic Book and Heritage Toronto Awards, Steal Away Home won the Speaker's Award for the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, and the J.J. Talman Award for the best book in Ontario history over the past three years.
Right now she is working with the University of Buffalo Archaeology Lab and the Underground Railroad Heritage Commission of Niagara Falls, New York, on the excavation of the Cataract House hotel.
An adjunct professor at both Acadia and Dalhousie Universities in Nova Scotia, Karolyn was the Bicentennial Visiting Professor for Canadian History at Yale University in 2012-2013. She holds a PhD in the history of Race, Slavery and Imperialism from the University of Waterloo, a Master's in Classics, and a BA in Archaeology.
The most exciting news yet is that Steal Away Home has been optioned for a five-part mini-series by Conquering Lion Pictures, which made Book of Negroes for television!


Windows platforms, Ctrl-Z is the EOF character.
The rest of the example shows the output generated by tpage from processing the template. The cat is sitting on the mat, and everything is working as expected.
The ttree program offers many more features and options than tpage does. The first major difference is that ttree works with entire directories of templates rather than with single files. If you're using the Template Toolkit to build a web site, for example, you can point ttree at a directory of source templates to process them all, saving the generated HTML pages to corresponding files in an output directory.
The following example shows how you could invoke ttree to process all the templates in the templates directory (containing the files cat and dog for the purpose of this example), and save the generated output in files of the same name, which are located in the output directory:
$ ttree -s templates -d output -v
The -s option defines the source directory for templates, and -d defines the destination directory for output files. The -v (verbose) option causes ttree to print a sum mary of what it's doing to STDERR.
Here's an example of the kind of information generated by the -v option:
ttree 2.63 (Template Toolkit version 2.10)
 Source: templates
 Destination: output
Include Path: [ ]
 Ignore: [ ]
 Copy: [ ]
 Accept: [*]
+ dog
+ cat
This is a summary of the processing options, including the Source and Destination that we provided as the -s and -d command-line options. The dog and cat files are listed as the two files that ttree found in the templates directory. The + characters indicate that both files were successfully processed, creating dog and cat files in the output directory.
Now that these templates have been processed, ttree will not process them again until they are modified or the corresponding output file is deleted. By looking at the file modification times of the source template and destination file, ttree can decide which templates have changed and which have not. It saves time by processing only those that have changed.
If you run the same ttree command again, you see that the + characters to the left of the filenames have changed to -characters:
ttree 2.63 (Template Toolkit version 2.10)
 Source: templates
 Destination: output
Include Path: [ ]
 Ignore: [ ]
 Copy: [ ]
 Accept: [*]
+ dog (not modified)
+ cat (not modified)
These -characters indicate that the template files were not processed this time, with the reason given in parentheses to the right. This can save a great deal of time when
building large document systems using templates (e.g., a typical web site) in which only a few pages change at any one time.
The -a option forces ttree to process all templates, regardless of their modification times:
$ ttree -a
A second benefit of ttree is that it offers numerous options for changing its behavior. Adding a standard header and footer to each page template, for example, is as easy as setting the relevant option:
$ ttree -s templates -d output -v
> –pre_process=header
> –post_process=footer
The number of options can be overwhelming at first, but in practice, only a few are used on a regular basis. To avoid having to always use the command line to specify options—something that can quickly become cumbersome and error prone, especially if you are using more than a few— ttree allows you to use configuration files to
define all the options for a particular web site or other document system. You can then invoke ttree, passing the name of the configuration file using the -f option:
$ ttree -f /home/dent/web/ttree.cfg
src = /home/dent/web/templates
dest = /home/dent/web/html
lib = /home/dent/web/lib
pre_process = header
post_process = footer
Example 1-5. A sample ttree configuration file, ttree.cfg
In the configuration file, the -s and -d options are represented by the src and dest options. We also added a lib option (-l on the command line), which tells ttree about an additional library directory where our header and footer templates are found.
Setting up ttree is a little more involved than using tpage, but the effort quickly pays off in the time it saves you. We look at ttree in detail in Chapter 2, showing everything from first-time use through writing and managing configuration files.
Visit the O'Reilly Network for more online content.
{mospagebreak title=The Template Module}
Both tpage and ttree use the Template Perl module to do the dirty work of processing templates. As it happens, the Template module doesn't actually do much in the way of dirty work itself, but delegates it to other modules in the Template Toolkit with exotic names such as Template::Service, Template::Context, Template::Provider, and Template::Stash. The Template module provides a simple interface for using the Template Toolkit from Perl so that you don't have to worry about the complex underlying functionality that makes it work. Chapter 7 goes into greater detail about what lurks beneath the hood of the Template Toolkit, but for now we cover just the basics.
If you are already a Perl hacker experienced in using modules, the Template manpage gives you an executive summary to get you quickly up to speed. If you're not a Perl hacker but would like to be, Learning Perl, Third Edition, by Randal Schwartz and Tom Phoenix (O'Reilly) is a good place to start.
However, you don't need to know any Perl to use the Template Toolkit. Thanks to the tpage and ttree programs, you can build your entire web site or other template-based document system without ever having to write a line of Perl code. Nevertheless, it's useful to have a basic understanding of how the Template module is used in Perl programs (including tpage and ttree), even if you never plan on using the module. Also, certain features are accessible only through Perl (for example, the ability to define a subroutine to return the value for a variable), so there is a good chance that sooner or later you will want or need those Perl-specific features.
Example 1-6 shows a simple Perl program for processing the template from Example 1-1.
use strict;
use warnings;
use Template;
my $tt = Template->new();
my $input = '';
my $vars = {
 planet => 'Earth',
 captain => 'Prostetnic Vogon Jeltz',
 time => 'two of your earth minutes',
$tt->process($input, $vars)
 || die $tt->error();
Example 1-6. A Perl program for processing the Vogon form letter template
The first line defines the path to the Perl interpreter on your system. This is very much a Unix-specific convention. On a Windows machine, for example, this line is not relevant or required.
In the first block, we enable Perl's strict and warnings pragmata and then load the Template module:
use strict;
use warnings;
use Template;
It is good Perl style to include use strict; and use warnings; at the top of every program, or to invoke Perl with the -w switch instead of use warnings; for versions of Perl earlier than 5.6.0. These two precautions will catch many common programming and typographical errors, and warn you about any questionable practices. Perl examples in this book may omit them for brevity, but you should always include them in any nontrivial chunk of code.
The next line creates a new Template object and assigns it to the $tt variable:
my $tt = Template->new();
We store the name of the template to be processed in the $input variable and define some template variables in $vars:
my $input = 'destruction.tt2′;
my $vars = {
 planet => 'Earth',
 captain => 'Prostetnic Vogon Jeltz',
 time => 'two of your earth minutes',
Then we invoke the process( ) method against the $tt template object to process the source template:
$tt->process($input, $vars)
 || die $tt->error();
The name of the source template file, here stored in the $input variable, is passed as the first argument, followed by a reference to a hash array of template variables, defined in $vars.
The process( ) method processes the template and returns a true value to indicate success. The output is printed to STDOUT by default so that you see it scrolling up your screen when you run the program.
If an error occurs, the process( ) method returns false. In this case, we call the error( ) method to find out what went wrong and report it as a fatal error using die. An error can be returned for a number of reasons, such as the file specified could not be found, had embedded directives containing illegal syntax that could not be parsed, or generated a runtime error while the template was being processed.
Template conﬁguration options
We mentioned the –pre_process and –post_process options when using ttree earlier. Now we can see how these are used in the underlying Perl implementation.
Configuration options are passed to the new( ) constructor method as a reference to a hash, as shown in Example 1-7. The Template


Setting a Redrill Tolerance in SHOTPlus™
A Redrill Tolerance is an amount of underdrill that, if exceeded, should result in a hole being marked as requiring redrill. Tolerances are defined per hole type, and holes may be checked against them after a Dip Length (also known as Actual Length) measurement is recorded.
For information on how the Redrill Tolerance setting may also be used by BlastIQ™ Mobile, see Loading rules for BlastIQ™ Mobile.

1. Navigate to Edit > Design Data
1.jpg

2. Select Edit tolerances
2.jpg
3. Set a Redrill Tolerance for each hole type
3.jpg

4. With the tolerance(s) set, any hole in the plan that exceeds the set amount of under drill will automatically be marked as requiring Redrill in the Hole Table.

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text:
Claim: The word "shit" comes from an acronym for "Ship High in Transit."
[Collected on the Internet, 2002]
History in the making!!!!
Fabulous bit of historical knowledge: Ever wonder where the word shit comes from … well here it is
Certain types of manure used to be transported (as everything was back then) by ship … well in dry form it weighs a lot less, but once water (at sea) hit it, it not only became heavier, but the process of fermentation began again, and one of the by products is methane
Bet you didn't know that one.
[Collected on the Internet, 1999]
In the 1800's, cow pie's were collected on the prairie and boxed and loaded on steam ships to burn instead of wood. Wood was not only hard to find, but heavy to move around and store.
When the boxes of cow pie's were in the sun for days on board the ships, they would smell bad. So when the manure was boxed up, they stamped the outside of the box,
When people came aboard the ship and said,"Oh what is that smell!" They were told it was shit.
That is where the saying came
Origins: This sorry piece of codswallop
about exploding ships appears to have begun its Internet life in February 2002. Its cousin, the "bad smelling steamship fuel" tale (second example quoted above) began its online life as an April 1999 post to the USENET discussion list rec.humor. Akin to the faux etymology of the word
We could launch into a long, involved discussion of ancient shipping practices, methane production and properties, and Internet leg-pulls, but we'll spare you all that, as the fanciful stories listed can easily be debunked as the product of someone's wild imaginings through linguistic means.
The word shit entered the modern English language via having been derived from the Old English nouns scite and
the Middle Low German schite, both meaning "dung," and the Old English noun scitte, meaning "diarrhea." Our most
treasured cuss word has been with us a long time, showing up in written works both as a noun and as a verb as far back as the
Scite can trace its roots back to the proto-Germanic root skit-, which brought us the German scheisse, Dutch schijten, Swedish skita, and Danish skide. Skitcomes from the Indo-European root skheidfor "split, divide, separate," thus shit is distantly related to schism and schist. (If you're wondering what a verb root for the act of separating one thing from another would have to do with excrement, it was in the sense of the body's eliminating its waste — "separating" from it, so to speak. Sort of the opposite of today's "getting one's shit together.")
Barbara "shit disturber" Mikkelson
Last updated: 8 July 2007

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The preponderance of posterior circulatory events is independent of the route of cardiac catheterization.
Central nervous system complications of cardiac catheterization are most often attributed to embolic events that occur at the time of catheter manipulation. Nevertheless, the reason that over 50% of these events are localized to the posterior circulation remains unexplained. One potential explanation offered for this preponderance is the use of the brachial artery approach. In this report, we examined the relation between the route of catheterization and central nervous system complications.
We retrospectively analyzed all central nervous system complications that occurred after cardiac catheterization through a femoral route at our institution over a 3 1/2-year period. Thirteen patients were identified as having central nervous system complications. Using defined criteria, posterior circulatory events still accounted for at least 54% of central nervous system complications.
The preponderance of posterior circulatory events is apparently independent of the route of catheterization. Furthermore, given the array of neurological symptoms and their often complete resolution, we feel it is unlikely that embolism is the sole pathophysiological mechanism involved in these events.
- Copyright © 1992 by American Heart Association


text:
Their light weight, open porosity, high surface area per unit volume and thermal characteristics make metal foams a promising material for many industrial applications involving fluid flow and heat transfer.
Pressure drop and heat transfer of porous media have inspired a number of experimental and numerical studies. Many models have been proposed in the literature that correlate the pressure gradient and the heat transfer coefficient with the mean cell size and porosity. However, large differences exist among results predicted by different models. Most studies are based on idealized periodic cell structures.
In this study, the true 3-D micro-structure of the metal foam is obtained by employing x-ray computed microtomography (XCT). For comparison, ideal Kelvin foam structures are developed in the free-to-use software "Surface Evolver" surface energy minimization program. Pressure drop and heat transfer are then investigated using the CFD Module of COMSOL® Multiphysics code. A comparison between the numerical predictions from the real and ideal geometries is carried out.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Class QuasiId (3.12.3)
QuasiId(mapping=None, *, ignore_unknown_fields=False, **kwargs)
A column with a semantic tag attached.
This message has oneof_ fields (mutually exclusive fields). For each oneof, at most one member field can be set at the same time. Setting any member of the oneof automatically clears all other members.
.. _oneof: _URL_
Attributes
NameDescription
field google.cloud.dlp_v2.types.FieldId
Required. Identifies the column.
info_type google.cloud.dlp_v2.types.InfoType
A column can be tagged with a InfoType to use the relevant public dataset as a statistical model of population, if available. We currently support US ZIP codes, region codes, ages and genders. To programmatically obtain the list of supported InfoTypes, use ListInfoTypes with the supported_by=RISK_ANALYSIS filter. This field is a member of oneof_ tag.
custom_tag str
A column can be tagged with a custom tag. In this case, the user must indicate an auxiliary table that contains statistical information on the possible values of this column (below). This field is a member of oneof_ tag.
inferred google.protobuf.empty_pb2.Empty
If no semantic tag is indicated, we infer the statistical model from the distribution of values in the input data This field is a member of oneof_ tag.


text:
Simple, Robust and Optimal Ranking from Pairwise Comparisons
Nihar B. Shah, Martin J. Wainwright; 18(199):1−38, 2018.
We consider data in the form of pairwise comparisons of $n$ items, with the goal of identifying the top $k$ items for some value of $k < n$, or alternatively, recovering a ranking of all the items. We analyze the Borda counting algorithm that ranks the items in order of the number of pairwise comparisons won, and show it has three attractive features: (a) it is an optimal method achieving the information-theoretic limits up to constant factors; (b) it is robust in that its optimality holds without imposing conditions on the underlying matrix of pairwise-comparison probabilities, in contrast to some prior work that applies only to the BTL parametric model; and (c) its computational efficiency leads to speed-ups of several orders of magnitude. We address the problem of exact recovery, and for the top-$k$ recovery problem we also extend our results to obtain sharp guarantees for approximate recovery under the Hamming distortion metric, and more generally, to any arbitrary error requirement that satisfies a simple and natural monotonicity condition. In doing so, we introduce a general framework that allows us to treat a variety of problems in the literature in an unified manner.
|© JMLR 2018.|


text:
By Pure Matters
Researchers analyzed data from more than 7,000 people of working age in Australia and were not surprised to find that those who were unemployed had poorer mental health overall than those with jobs.
However, the study authors also found that the mental health of people with badly paid, poorly supported or short-term jobs could be as bad as, or even worse, than that of those who were jobless.
People with the poorest quality jobs experienced the largest decline in mental health over time. The researchers found a direct association between the number of unfavorable working conditions and mental health, with each additional negative job aspect reducing a person's mental health score.
For unemployed people, the health benefits of finding a job depended on the quality of the job. Getting a high quality job after being unemployed boosted mental health by an average of 3 points, but getting a poor quality job led to a mental health decline of 5.6 points.
The authors concluded that very demanding jobs that give people little control over their work -- and that provide little support or financial reward -- are not good for health.
"Work-first policies are based on the notion that any job is better than none as work promotes economic as well as personal wellbeing, wrote the authors. "Psychosocial job quality is a pivotal factor that needs to be considered in the design and delivery of employment and welfare policy."
The study appears online in the journal Occupational and Environmental Medicine.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
In early June 2016, the International Baccalaureate (IB) organization officially authorized Kit Carson as an IB World School. Kit Carson is the first Sacramento City Unified School District (SCUSD) school to offer the IB for middle school years. According to the school district, IB schools are inquiry-based and aim to develop young people who are critical thinkers and dedicated to enhancing the social, cultural and economic climates of the world. Learn more about the SCUSD Kit Carson IB program at the district website.
Just as SCUSD received notice of this scholastic milestone, Landmark Construction was undertaking three projects simultaneously to enhance the school's facilities and learning environment, explained Paul Hanson, Executive Vice President, Landmark Construction. "It was a cooperative effort to coordinate three different projects in targeted areas of the campus with three separate funding sources," said Hanson.
Dave Conner, Project Manager, Landmark Construction, explained that this was a highly collaborative project between the school district, architect and subcontractors. "With the architects at Lionakis, we were able to address design engineering issues that cropped up once the project was underway. For example, we did the trenching for incorporating the new utility services planned by PG&E and SMUD," said Conner. By cooperating with the local utility, Landmark Construction installed a gas line that was scheduled for future replacement.
"Our subcontractors were invaluable in completing this multi-phase project on schedule and under budget," said Conner.
Landmark Construction also helped the district plan ahead for future construction by completing some site work during the summer of 2016 in preparation for the future art and science buildings, explained Hanson. "We worked closely with the district and the architect, to lay the groundwork for future renovations to convert the middle school into an International Baccalaureate High School for seventh to twelfth grades," said Hanson. The projects also increased sustainability, enhanced accessibility and boosted energy efficiency.
To prevent rainwater falling on hard surfaces being transported away from the site in storm drains, a more environmentally sustainable system was built. "The goal was to allow rain water to percolate back into the soil at the site," said Hanson. "This is done through an engineered earthen works system of bio swales, retention ponds, water leeching systems and absorbent soil that capture rain water and direct it back into the local aquifers. The landscaping was also designed to support this system."
As part of the intensive summer construction projects, sidewalks were replaced to make the school site more accessible. New wrought iron fencing and landscaping also beautified the site.
The boiler and HVAC system in the gym/multi-purpose room were upgraded to more modern, highly efficient equipment. This required re-configuring the duct work and repairing old plaster. Energy efficiency was further improved by updating the solar energy generation system. Older solar shingles were removed, some parts were salvaged for reuse and new more efficient solar shingles were installed.
To see what's planned for the future of this school, check out the Lionakis description and renderings of the plan to make this Kit Carson Middle School into an International Baccalaureate High School serving grades 7-12.
In December 2016, Landmark Construction started work on phase 2 of this project as shown in the photos.


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How an incident's due date is calculated
Answer ID 2215 | Last Review Date 01/03/2020
What is an incident's relative due date (incidents.rel_due) and how is it calculated?
Service Level Agreements, Response Time
When an incident is created, an initial due date is calculated. This value only changes when the response requirements associated with the incident are changed due to the application of a service level agreement (SLA) or if the RECALC_INCIDENT_DUE configuration is set.
The relative due date is calculated by taking the incident's time of creation and adding the response time (from response requirements) associated with the incident. In addition, the due date takes into account the work hours that are configured in the Default Response Requirements table or the hours configured in the applied SLA.
For example if RECALC_INCIDENT_DUE is set to 0, the incident's response time is 45 minutes and the incident comes into the system at 9:00am on 10/10/07, the due date will be 10/10/07 at 9:45. This value does not change regardless of customer updates to the incident and/or additional responses. The value only changes if the response requirements change.
Similarly, if the work interval is configured to be 8:00 to 17:00 on Monday through Friday, and the response requirement is 540 minutes (9 hours). If an incident comes in at 3:00pm on Friday, the date due will be 3:00pm on Monday because the work intervals are taken into account when calculating the date due.
When incidents are created outside of business hours, the time the incident remained in the queue until the business hours begin is not counted against the due date. For example: Business hours are M-F 8:00 to 17:00. The response time is three hours. An incident submitted on Saturday at 15:00 would be due Monday, 11:00 am.
Note that the Resolution Time that is configured for the response requirements or an SLA is never used in calculating the date due value. Both the Response Time and the Resolution Time are based on the created time stamp of when the incident is initially created in the system.
For examples of when the RECALC_INCIDENT_DUE is enabled, see Answer ID 4729: Description of RECALC_INCIDENT_DUE configuration setting
For additional information, refer to the 'Configuring resolution due calculations' section in online documentation for the version your site is currently running. To access Oracle B2C Service manuals and documentation online, refer to the Documentation for Oracle B2C Service Products.
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text:
Edge Editing Commands Bar
- Click here to stretch the current edge of the object. In case of a selection, then the 'current edges' of all the objects would get stretched
- Click here to extrude the current edge of the object/selection. The edge is extruded in a direction perpendicular to the current edge, and two new corners are created.
- Click here to get a list of edge types to choose from. All curves in TAD are done using these tools
- These are the different type of edges available. Click on the edge you want.
- Select the in or out option to determine the direction in which the curve has to be generated - inwards or outwards. This works only on certain curve commands.
Press F1 inside the application to read context-sensitive help directly in the application itself


text:
|Ding, Fujian - UNIV OF KY, VISITING SCI|
Submitted to: Proceedings of SPIE
Publication Type: Proceedings
Publication Acceptance Date: January 20, 2007
Publication Date: February 21, 2007
Repository URL: _URL_
Citation: Ding, F., Chen, Y.R., Chao, K. Development of a wavelength-changeable multi-band color-mixing device and its application. Proceedings of SPIE. Online 02/21/2007. Technical Abstract: Previously, we showed that twoand three-band color-mixing techniques could be used to achieve results optically equivalent to twoand three-band ratios that are normally implemented using multispectral imaging systems, for enhancing identification of single target types against a background and for separation of multiple targets by color or contrast. In this paper, a prototype of a wavelength-changeable twoand three-band color-mixing device is presented and its application is demonstrated. The wavelength-changeable device uses changeable central wavelength bandpass filters and various filter arrangements. The experiments showed that a color-mixing technique implemented in a pair of binoculars coupled with an imager could greatly enhance target identification of color-blindness test cards with hidden numbers and figures as the targets. Target identification of color blindness cards was greatly improved by using two-band color-mixing with filters at 620 nm and 650 nm, which were selected based on the criterion of uniform background. Target identification of a different set of color blindness test cards was also improved using three-band color-mixing with filters at 450 nm, 520 nm, and 632 nm, which were selected based on the criterion of maximum chromaticness difference. These experiments show that color-mixing techniques can significantly enhance electronic imaging and visual inspection.


text:
Thermodynamics of Dimers on a Rectangular LxMxN Lattice.
The exact closed-form analytic solution of the problem of dimers on infinite two-dimensional and three-dimensional lattices is obtained. Entropy, isothermal compressibility, and constant pressure heat capacity of the system are given in terms of the normalized number density of dimers. The absolute activity of dimers is also given in terms of the normalized number density; it exhibits a behavior near close packing with a critical exponent exactly equal to 2, and with an amplitude 1/(4), where is the molecular freedom per dimer at close packing.
|Main Author:||Phares, Alain J.|
|Other Authors:||Wunderlich, Francis J.|


text:
1. Preparing to install the PxM Platform
This chapter provides an overview of the prerequisites and introduces the components that make up the PxM Platform.
To deploy the Osirium PxM Virtual Appliance you will need access to the Microsoft Azure web portal.
1.2. Microsoft Azure offerings
For information on the Osirium PxM Platform plans and pricing, see the Microsoft Azure Marketplace website.
1.3. PxM Platform components
The PxM Platform consists of the following components:
|PxM Virtual Appliance||Main component which drives the PxM Platform. It incorporates the virtual appliance, database, and Web Management Interface.|
Allows Superadmins to access the Web Management Interface to manage PxM Platform and users to single sign onto devices and run device tasks.
This is included in the PxM Virtual Appliance.
|PxM MAP Server||
Enables remote applications to be launched from the PxM Client.
The PxM MAP Server software is installed on a Microsoft Windows Server.


標題: Self-integrating knowledge-based brain tumor diagnostic system
作者: Wang, CH
Hong, TP
Tseng, SS
資訊工程學系
Department of Computer Science
公開日期: 1996
摘要: In this paper we present a self-integrating knowledge-based expert system for brain tumor diagnosis. The system we propose comprises knowledge building, knowledge inference and knowledge refinement. During knowledge building, an automatic knowledge-integration process, based on Darwin's theory of natural selection, integrates knowledge derived from knowledge-acquisition tools and machine-learning methods to construct an initial knowledge base, thus eliminating a major bottleneck in developing a brain tumor diagnostic system. During the knowledge inference process, art inference engine exploits rules in the knowledge base to help diagnosticians determine brain tumor etiologies according to computer tomography pictures. And, a simple knowledge refinement method is proposed to modify the existing knowledge base during inference, which dramatically improves the accuracy of the derived rules. The performance of the brain tumor diagnostic system has been evaluated on actual brain tumor cases. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd
URI: _URL_
_URL_
ISSN: 0957-4174
DOI: 10.1016/S0957-4174(96)00050-4
期刊: EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS
Volume: 11
Issue: 3
起始頁: 351
結束頁: 360
顯示於類別：期刊論文
文件中的檔案：
 1. A1996VV58800010.pdf


text:
NYU's summer school began in 1895, when seven members of the faculty, with the approval of the Chancellor, offered courses in mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, experimental psychology, and the theory and practice of teaching. The faculty members received no additional salary, only the tuition fees collected from students. The University Council officially took control in 1899 and the popularity of the program quickly grew to over 500 students, both men and women, by 1907. The program mostly attracted teachers who were interested in pedagogical courses.
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text:
In the second incarnation of Design Week's Rising Stars we do just that. We present profiles of designers at varying stages of their careers – all displaying healthy self-belief, ambition and enthusiasm for their industry. Last year, we asked creative directors to nominate promising individuals. This year, we turned to course leaders known to produce award-winning students.
Separating categories proved difficult, as edges between disciplines are increasingly fuzzy – interaction overlaps with immersive environments and interiors, for example. And where one designer has gone the packaging route via sonic branding, another has moved from Web design to museum installations. Interaction proved particularly tricky, as designers come from such varied walks of life.
Encouraging new talent is vital to the industry's success. The choices portray fresh-faced optimism and business awareness. The testimonies of our 'stars' should offer encouragement to those following in their steps, as well as keep design veterans on their toes.


frac{\vecs r(c+h)-\vecs r(c)}{h}\]
 for any value of \(h\neq0\). We take the limit as \(h\to0\) to measure the instantaneous rate of change; this is the derivative of \(\vecs r\).
 Definition 70: Derivative of a Vector-Valued Function
 Let \(\vecs r(t)\) be continuous on an open interval \(I\) containing \(c\).
 1. The derivative of \(\vecs r\) at \(t=c\) is \[\vecs r ^\prime (c) = \lim_{h\to 0} \frac{\vecs r(c+h) - \vecs r(c)}{h}.\]
 2. The derivative of \(\vecs r\) is \[\vecs r ^\prime (t) = \lim_{h\to 0} \frac{\vecs r(t+h) - \vecs r(t)}{h}.\]
 Note: Alternate notations for the derivative of \(\vecs r\) include: \[\vecs r ^\prime(t) = \frac{d}{dt}\big(\,\vecs r(t)\,\big) = \frac{d\vecs r}{dt}.\]
 If a vector-valued function has a derivative for all \(c\) in an open interval \(I\), we say that \(\vecs r(t)\) is differentiable on \(I\).
 Once again we might view this definition as intimidating, but recall that we can evaluate limits component-wise. The following theorem verifies that this means we can compute derivatives component-wise as well, making the task not too difficult.
 theorem 91: Derivatives of Vector-Valued Functions
 1. Let \(\vecs r(t) = \langle \, f(t), g(t)\,\rangle\). Then \[\vecs r ^\prime(t) = \langle\, f^\prime (t), g^\prime (t)\, \rangle.\]
 2. Let \(\vecs r(t) = \langle \, f(t), g(t), h(t)\,\rangle\). Then \[\vecs r ^\prime(t) = \langle\, f^\prime (t), g^\prime (t), h^\prime (t)\, \rangle.\]
 Example \(\PageIndex{3}\): Derivatives of vector-valued functions
 Let \(\vecs r(t) = \langle t^2,t\rangle\).
 1. Sketch \(\vecs r(t)\) and \(\vecs r ^\prime(t)\) on the same axes.
 2. Compute \(\vecs r ^\prime(1)\) and sketch this vector with its initial point at the origin and at \(\vecs r(1)\).
 SOLUTION
 1. Theorem 91 allows us to compute derivatives component-wise, so \[\vecs r ^\prime(t) = \langle 2t, 1\rangle.\] \(\vecs r(t)\) and \(\vecs r ^\prime(t)\) are graphed together in Figure 11.9(a). Note how plotting the two of these together, in this way, is not very illuminating. When dealing with real-valued functions, plotting \(f(x)\) with \(f^\prime (x)\) gave us useful information as we were able to compare \(f\) and \(f^\prime \) at the same \(x\)-values. When dealing with vector-valued functions, it is hard to tell which points on the graph of \(\vecs r ^\prime\) correspond to which points on the graph of \(\vecs r\).

 2. We easily compute \(\vecs r ^\prime(1) = \langle 2,1\rangle\), which is drawn in Figure \(\PageIndex{2a}\) with its initial point at the origin, as well as at \(\vecs r(1) = \langle 1,1\rangle.\) These are sketched in Figure \(\PageIndex{2b}\).
 imageedit_2_7341053437.png
 Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\): Graphing the derivative of a vector-valued function in Example 11.2.3
 Example \(\PageIndex{4}\): Derivatives of vector-valued functions
 Let \(\vecs r(t) = \langle \cos t, \sin t, t\rangle\). Compute \(\vecs r ^\prime(t)\) and \(\vecs r ^\prime(\pi/2)\). Sketch \(\vecs r ^\prime(\pi/2)\) with its initial point at the origin and at \(\vecs r(\pi/2)\).
 SOLUTION
 We compute \(\vecs r ^\prime\) as \(\vecs r ^\prime(t) = \langle -\sin t, \cos t, 1\rangle\). At \(t= \pi/2\), we have \(\vecs r ^\prime(\pi/2) = \langle -1,0,1\rangle\). Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\) shows a graph of \(\vecs r(t)\), with \(\vecs r ^\prime(\pi/2)\) plotted with its initial point at the origin and at \(\vecs r(\pi/2)\).
 imageedit_6_8257622551.png
 Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\): Viewing a vector-valued function and its derivative at one point.
 In Examples \(\PageIndex{3}\) and \(\PageIndex{4}\) , sketching a particular derivative with its initial point at the origin did not seem to reveal anything significant. However, when we sketched the vector with its initial point on the corresponding point on the graph, we did see something significant: the vector appeared to be tangent to the graph. We have not yet defined what "tangent'' means in terms of curves in space; in fact, we use the derivative to define this term.
 Definition 71: Tangent Vector, Tangent Line
 Let \(\vecs r(t)\) be a differentiable vector-valued function on an open interval \(I\) containing \(c\), where \(\vecs r ^\prime(c)\neq \vecs 0\).
 1. A vector \(\vecs v\) is tangent to the graph of \(\vecs r(t)\) at \(t=c\) if \(\vecs v\) is parallel to \(\vecs r ^\prime(c)\).
 2. The tangent line} to the graph of \(\vecs r(t)\) at \(t=c\) is the line through \(\vecs r(c)\) with direction parallel to \(\vecs r ^\prime(c)\). An equation of the tangent line is
 \[\vecs \ell(t) = \vecs r(c) + t\,\vecs r ^\prime(c).\]
 Example \(\PageIndex{5}\): Finding tangent lines to curves in space
 Let \(\vecs r(t) = \langle t,t^2,t^3\rangle\) on \([-1.5,1.5]\). Find the vector equation of the line tangent to the graph of \(\vecs r\) at \(t=-1\).
 SOLUTION
 To find the equation of a line, we need a point on the line and the line's direction. The point is given by \(\vecs r(-1) = \langle -1,1,-1\rangle\). (To be clear, \(\langle -1,1,-1\rangle\) is a vector, not a point, but we use the point "pointed to'' by this vector.)
 The direction comes from \(\vecs r ^\prime(-1)\). We compute, component-wise, \(\vecs r ^\prime(t) = \langle 1,2t, 3t^2\rang


text:
Coenders-Gerrits, A.M.J., Hopp, L., Savenije, H.H.G., and Pfister, L. (2013): The effect of spatial throughfall patterns on soil moisture patterns at the hillslope scale, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 17, _PHONE_.
Improving the understanding of the controls on subsurface stormflow generation has been the goal of numerous experimental and modeling studies. However, the effect of the spatial variability of throughfall on soil moisture patterns and subsurface stormflow (SSF) generation has not yet been studied in detail. The objectives of this study are three-fold: (1) to investigate the influence of a spatially variable throughfall pattern on soil moisture; (2) to investigate if soil moisture patterns reflect a balance between a throughfall and bedrock topography patterns; and (3) to investigate how this balance changes when soil depth, storm size and slope angle are varied. Virtual experiments are used to address these questions. A virtual experiment is a numerical experiment driven by collective field intelligence. It provides a learning tool to investigate the effect of individual processes in a complex Continue reading


text:
Intrados is the new word of the day.
Want to impress your clients use this word the next time you see one of these. For all you wordsmith's or for those of you who follow me at new word of the day unless you already know the meaning of this word you're about to learn something. This is France in origin (in tra'das) and it means the inside curve or surface of an arch or vault. Well did you know this word and if so did you know the meaning?


Risk coverage
listen.dev provides comprehensive coverage against common attack vectors and known indicators of harmful behavior, as well as unknown and emerging threats. It covers two kinds of risks:
 1. Dependency risks
 2. CI/CD risks
1. Dependency Risks
These risks come from compromised dependencies–usually transitive– from public package registries such as npm and PyPi. Examples of dependnecy-related supply chain attacks are event-stream, ledger and PyTorch (torchitron).
Attack vectors could include namespace confusion, typo squatting or takeover of legitimate package via social engineering or credential leaks. In all cases, regardless of the entrypoint, the attack triggers inside the build system.
2. CI/CD risks
These are risks that come from 3rd parties, such as compromised build tools, misconfigurations and other vulnerabilities.
Why do you need proactive security at build-time?
Our starting coverage is on threats that trigger during installation of packages in the build phase-- the stage where 3rd-party libraries get bundled with internal application code. These threats can compromise development environments and CI/CD systems, or can be used by the attacker as an entrypoint to infiltrate production applications and infrastructure.
Threats that trigger during build processes in CI/CD environments
If a malicious package gets installed during the build, an attacker can perform some of these activities in the context of the build system:
 - Steal code and any hardcoded sensitive data along with it.
 - Plant a backdoor in code to be used after the code is deployed to the production environment.
 - Steal compute resources like CPU, RAM, etc. for activities like crypto mining.
 - Steal environment variables, sensitive files, credentials, certificates, etc.
 - Perform lateral movement and privilege escalation with the data collected.
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text:
RURBANISATION AND AGRICULTURAL DYNAMICS IN BAMBILI AND BAMBUI, NORTH WEST REGION OF CAMEROON
The transformational path of a rural settlement into semi-urban and urban areas in the world dates back to the Industrial Revolution. Urban expansion is one of the determinants of agrarian system dynamics. In the Bambili-Bambui area, farm sizes are becoming relatively smaller within human settlements and tend to increase towards the rural fringes. The aim of the study is to examine the impact of rurbanization on agricultural dynamics in Bambili and Bambui. This is based on the premise that there is a direct impact of rurbanization on agricultural dynamics in Bambili and Bambui area. The methodology uses historical and correlational designs, divided into two periodical trends. A random sampling technique was used to administer 200 questionnaires to the population. Findings reveal that the process of rurbanization in this area has been profoundly linked to increasing land uses and space occupation at a rate of 80%. There has been a perfect positive correlation between rurbanization and agricultural dynamics. The study concludes that rurbanization has led to a reduction in farm sizes by 75%, resulting in competing land uses that have promoted the increase in land acquisition at the peripheries of Bambili and Bambui. This has headed to land pressures that have resulted to decrease in farm sizes at the peripheral areas. The study recommends the need for land use planning and urban growth regulation for sustainable agricultural development in Bambili and Bambui in the context of contemporary decentralization in Cameroon.
Key words: Rurbanisation, agricultural dynamics, land uses, Bambili and Bambui
How to Cite
Copyright (c) 2022 MBANGA Lawrence AKEI, Mr Akuo Cheenuwenui Boeyeo , Mr Bailack Kevin Mbuh
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
All articles published in the Journal of Arts and Humanities are fully open access: immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) Creative Commons license which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


text:
"Like many discoveries, this one could have been accidental. Perhaps the violin makers were not even aware of the acoustical effects of the chemicals. Both Stradivari and Guarneri wanted to treat their violins to prevent worms from eating away the wood. They used some chemical agents to protect the wood from worm infestations of the time, and the unintended consequence from these chemicals was a sound like none other," he adds.
The team tested several instruments, including violins and cellos, produced by Stradivari and Guarneri from 1717 to around 1741, using spectra analysis and other methods.
The results and those previously reported by Nagyvary showed that two specific areas of the instruments accounted for their unique sound – chemicals used in the varnish and fillers of the instruments, and the overall wood treatment process used by Stradivari and Guarneri.
This sounds rather appealing (heh), though certainly there will be critiques of it. The blurb there doesn't say how many other instruments were also tested, how the particular effects of the chemicals are thought to affect the sound, etc.


Controller.
In this example application the PostsController keeps a Software Transactional Memory (STM) reference to the current state of the application. This reference is our only piece of mutable data in the entire application!
object PostsController extends Controller {
 * A Scala STM reference holding the current state of the application,
 * which is derived from all committed events.
 val posts = Ref(Posts()).single
By using an STM reference any controller method can always access the current state simply by reading from the reference. New events are applied to the current state using the commit method:
 * Commits an event and applies it to the current state.
 def commit(event: PostEvent): Unit = {
 Logger.debug("Committed event: " + event)
The posts reference is updated by using the transform method. This ensures the update occurs in a concurrency safe manner. In this version of the application the events are not yet saved to durable storage, but to help you see what is happening while running the application the event is printed to the debug log instead. Later we'll implement saving the committed events to durable storage before updating the current state. The commit method returns Unit, which is similar to void in Java and provides no useful information to the caller.
The PostsController.index method is invoked by Play! to render a list of posts (the mapping from URL to a controller method is configured in the routes file). The index method returns a Play! action which generates an HTTP response from an HTTP request. In this case the response is an HTTP OK (200) containing the most recent 20 posts as rendered by the index template. Notice the use of the parentheses to read the current value of the posts reference:
 * Show an overview of the most recent blog posts.
 def index = Action { implicit request =>
To change an existing post we need to implement a GET to render an HTML form, and a HTTP POST to validate the form and update the post. The postContentForm defines the mapping between the HTML add/edit form and the PostContent class using a Play! form:
 * Blog content form definition.
 private val postContentForm = Form(mapping(
 "author" -> trimmedText.verifying(minLength(3)),
 "title" -> trimmedText.verifying(minLength(3)),
 "content" -> trimmedText.verifying(minLength(3)))(PostContent.apply)(PostContent.unapply))
The show method first tries to look up the specified post by its id. If successful it fills the form with the current contents of the post and renders the views.html.posts.edit template. Otherwise it returns an HTTP 404 (Not Found) response:
 posts().get(id) match {
 case Some(post) => Ok(views.html.posts.edit(id, postContentForm.fill(post.content)))
When the user has made the modifications and hits the save button the submit method is invoked. First we bind the HTTP POST parameters to the form (bindFromRequest) and then perform validation (fold). If form validation succeeds it commits a new PostEdited event and redirects the browser to the PostsController.show action to show the updated post. Otherwise the method rerenders the HTML form together with the validation errors:
 def submit(id: PostId) = Action { implicit request =>
 formWithErrors => BadRequest(views.html.posts.edit(id, formWithErrors)),
 postContent => {
 commit(PostEdited(id, postContent))
 Redirect(routes.PostsController.show(id)).flashing("info" -> "Post saved.")
Note that our "domain logic" is implemented directly in the controller. This is fine for simple applications like this example, but a rich domain model is usually introduced when the logic to generate the events becomes less straightforward.
Like we discusses above one of the advantages of an in-memory model is that there is no need to talk to a database just to render a view. Even though this application has not been performance tuned, it is still interesting to get a basic idea of the performance. I ran some trivial benchmarks on my laptop (an early 2010 MacBook Pro with 2.66 GHz dual core i7 with hyper-threading).
Just rendering the blog posts index view runs at about 5,500 GETs per second (with the three example blog posts you see when you start the application). This was measured with Apache JMeter using 25 concurrent client threads running on the same machine as the server.
Just submitting the blog post edit form runs at 4,200 HTTP POSTs per second or so.
In both tests the server is basically CPU bound, since we're not performing any disk I/O. It will be interesting to see how well we can do with an actual event store implementation. The server was running on JDK 1.7.0u5 with the Garbage First GC (JVM option -XX:+UseG1GC).
The example application shows a simplified implementation of the event sourcing and memory image principles. Domain events are generated and used to apply updates to the memory image, which is then used to render views, without the need for a traditional database.
Hopefully you've noticed that none of the code is very complex. Each part (events, model, controller actions) simply focuses on a single task, without any of the "magic" that is so common with many webor CRUD-frameworks. Even the most complicated method (Posts.apply) is a rather straightforward translation of events into updates to the current state and is easy to thoroughly test.
But the events are not yet committed to durable storage, which is necessary to build a production-ready application. In the next part we'll see what is needed to capture the events correctly so that we can start writing the events to durable storage.
 6 Responses to "Simple event sourcing – introduction (part 1)"
 1. Hi.
 Great post. I considered to do something similar in development part of my thesis but I chose a more conservative approach instead.
 I am looking for the part II. I am pretty interested how you solve the most challenging part – to persist events / restore state. It could be possibly the largest performance problem IMO.
 2. And I have a small question: is there any recomendation for granularity of event objects? Should it be "ObjectEdited" to the new state or some smaller ObjectFieldChanged?
 - This is a question only your domain experts can answer. Events should capture what is significant in your domain, so in case of an ordering app you'd have events like: OrderAccepted, OrderDelivered, etc. Not just a single OrderStatusChanged or even a OrderFieldSet event.
 The standard example is a "AddressCorrected" vs "CustomerMoved" event. Both update the same field (address), but if they have very different meanings in your domain, it makes sense to use two different events.
 3. Wonderful documentation… I just checked out the project and I think the this correction is needed: PostEdited to PostAdded
 If form validation succeeds it commits a new PostEditedPostAddedevent and redirects the browser to the PostsController.show action
 Leave a Reply


text:
Size-dependent study of Rb and K clusters using core and valence level photoelectron spectroscopy
2011 (English)In: European Physical Journal D: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, ISSN _PHONE_, E-ISSN _PHONE_, Vol. 64, no 2-3, 347-352 p.Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Electronic structure of free and neutral Rb and K clusters containing from few tens to few hundred atoms has been studied using synchrotron radiation. Core-level photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to probe the metallic nature of Rb and K clusters. We show that the metallicity exists down to the dimensions of few nanometers. Simultaneously the emergence and evolution of the valence band structure has been monitored by the valence-level photoelectron spectroscopy.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2011. Vol. 64, no 2-3, 347-352 p.
IdentifiersURN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-162710DOI: 10.1140/epjd/e2011-20239-4ISI: 000296630800019OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-162710DiVA: diva2:462063


basura = garbage feminine noun
feminine noun
English Translation of BASURA
desechos : garbage, waste, refusehay mucha basura en la calle there's a lot of litter in the street tirar algo a la basura to put or throw something in the bin es una basura he's a shocker (familiar) la novela es una basura the novel is rubbish
Related to BASURA
Seen & Heard
What made you want to look up basura? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).
Spanish Word of the Day


text:
Our marmots have woken up!
This means that spring has finally arrived!
Marmots emerge from their burrows when the snow thaws. Usually there's not much food around, so for the first two weeks they almost never eat, just use their fat supplies. In this period their digestive system restores, and they get ready for breeding.
When marmots leave their burrow for the first time, they hide the earth seal inside, so that the entrance wouldn't be too noticeable. When they fatten a little bit, they start cleaning and renovating their burrows and then begin mating.


ed by a block 412. In the preferred embodiment, eye frames and beacon frames are produced at a 30 Hz rate, or a frame every {fraction (1/30)} sec. Typically determining a buffered eye position based on about 10 frames provides accurate position data with no effects due to involuntary eye movements. Buffering preferably uses 5-60 frames, or averaging for ⅙ sec to 2 sec.
A tracking mode selection block 412 permits selection of either a relative cursor tracking block 416 or an absolute cursor tracking block 418. If the absolute cursor tracking block 418 is selected, averaging parameters are selected at block 420. Averaging is convenient to remove the effects of involuntary eye motion so that the cursor 64 remains fixed for slight movements of the gaze point 67. A blink processing block 700 is then executed. If the gaze point 67 remains fixed for a predetermined number of frames (or time), an action can be triggered. The number of frames required to trigger an action is settable from a setup component 56a of the driver module 56. The blink processing block 700 is discussed in detail below.
If relative tracking is selected, a cursor control block 419 directs the cursor to move gradually toward the gaze point 67. This is to be contrasted with absolute tracking in which the cursor 64 is normally located at or near the gaze point 67. A circular buffer area surrounds the cursor position. The cursor 64 remains fixed until the gaze point 67 passes outside of the buffer area. Once the gaze point 67 moves outside the buffer area, the cursor 64 moves with the gaze point 67. The shape and area of the buffer area can be adjusted with the set up component 56a. If the gaze point 67 has moved at least a predetermined distance from the cursor position, the cursor is directed to jump to the gaze point by a block 422. The cursor typically is directed to jump when the gaze point and the cursor are widely separated. The setup component 56a of the driver module 56 provides for user adjustment of the predetermined distance. In general, if a distance greater than about 10% of the full width or height of the monitor 47 separates the cursor 64 and the gaze point 67, the block 422 directs the cursor 64 to jump. This jump of the cursor 64 is the same as that produced in absolute tracking.
Absolute and relative tracking both end at a snap block 424. For some objects displayed on the monitor 47, the cursor 64 is made to snap to the center of the object. Typically, the cursor 64 is directed to snap to the center of menu items, toolbar selections, and program icons. In the snap block 424, a variable stick frames is set to zero. A stick block 426 then executes. If the cursor 64 has snapped to an object and the variable stick frames is less than a predetermined variable sticky frames, the cursor 64 is directed to remain snapped to the object even if the gaze point 67 moves away. Once the gaze is directed away from the object for a predetermined number of frames (or time), the cursor 64 is directed to move normally, in either the relative or absolute tracking mode by a block 428.
Referring to FIG. 16, the head block 500 comprises a sort LED block 502 that associates objects detected in a beacon frame with corresponding LEDs of the beacon unit 95. A distance from the user to the beacon unit 95 is then calculated using the object data (corresponding to the LEDs 111) at a compute distance block 504. A rotation of the user's head with respect to the beacon 95 is calculated at a compute angle block 506. Finally, a correction for the offset of the user's gaze direction along the eye optics 110 with respect to the direction of view of the field optics 120 is calculated at a correction block 508. This correction completes the determination of the position and orientation of the user's head with respect to the beacon 95.
With reference to FIG. 17, the calibration block 600 begins with a headset adjustment 602. In this adjustment, the user adjusts the headset 70 so that images of the four LEDs 111 and the eye 65 are contained within a box displayed on the monitor 47 for a predetermined time. By sliding the nosepiece 78 along the slot 80 (see FIG. 3C), the eye image is brought into the box. This adjustment ensures that if the user is looking approximately straight ahead (e.g., toward the center of the monitor 47), then the image of the eye 65 is approximately at the center of the image sensor 112. The predetermined time is provided so that accidental or transitory alignment of the headset 70 is not mistakenly detected as a correct adjustment. A predetermined time of between 1-10 seconds typically is adequate but can be adjusted with the setup component 56a of the driver module 56.
After the headset 70 is adjusted, a block 604 directs the user to look at a center point on the monitor 47 and head tracking begins. At a block 606, the user is directed to look at cursors displayed at four corners of the monitor 47. The resulting gaze positions and cursor locations are used for calibration so that in operation, the cursor 64 can be accurately positioned with respect to the gaze point 67. Finally, at a block 608 a distance from the user to the beacon 95 ("head-beacon distance") is calculated from the images of the LEDs 117.
The head-beacon distance is calculated using object data corresponding to the images of the LEDs 111. In the preferred embodiment, the LEDs 111 are placed in a rectangular pattern. The head-beacon distance is calculated using the spacings of the LEDs 111 in the beacon 95 and the focal length of the lens 124 (f124). For example, if objects (Xcenter1, Ycenter1) and (Xcenter2, Ycenter2) are identified as corresponding to LEDs 111a, 111b, the head-beacon distance is calculated as follows. First, the distance between these two objects at the image sensor 122 is calculated as dmage=sqrt((Xcenter1−Xcenter2){circumflex over ( )}2+(Ycenter1−Ycenter2) {circumflex over ( )} 2). The object data may need to be adjusted to correspond to the physical pixel separation at the image sensor 122. Such an adjustment can be carried out by multiplying dimage by a scale factor. The head-beacon distance is then calculated as (f124/dimage) times the actual separation of the LEDs 111a, 111b (i.e., 1 inch). If the head-beacon distance is not very much larger than the focal length f124, a more exact formula can be used.
Using the sides of the rectangular pattern as well as the diagonals, six values for the head-beacon distance are obtained. These measured values can be averaged and values that appear inconsistent with other values can be discarded as erroneous. The separations of the objects corresponding to the LEDs 111 can also be used to detect and compensate for head rotations.
With reference to FIG. 18, the blink processing block 700 begins by executing an eye image block 702 to determine if an eye image is present. If there is no eye image, a "no" block 704 is executed (the eye is closed) and a variable BlinkFrames is incremented at block 706. BlinkFrames stores the number of eye frames for which the eye is closed (or a time for which the eye is closed). A block 708 stores a total number of frames for which the eye is closed (i.e., there is no eye image) in a variable SavedFrames. A block 708 divides the variable SavedFrames by a predetermined number of frames, stored as a variable FrameStep. If the remainder is zero, an alarm sounds. The alarm sounds to inform the user that the number of SavedFrames corresponds to an action level. Subsequent soundings of the alarm as SavedFrames increase by FrameStep, permit the user to select an action level. For example, a single alarm can be associated with a right mouse click, a second alarm with a left mouse click, and a third alarm with depressing a key on the keyboard 40. The user waits with her eye closed until the desired action level is reached (as SavedFrames increases). The setup component 56a permits assignment of actions levels to various inputs such as keystrokes or mouse clicks and also permits FrameStep to be adjusted. A timer can also be used to select action levels. Typically, FrameStep is in the range 15-90 frames, or 0.5-1.5 seconds.
If an eye image is present, then a "yes" block 703 is executed and BlinkFrames is set to zero. A test block 705 tests if SavedFrames is larger than BlinkFrames+1. If so, the eye (which is now open) was closed long enough to correspond to an action level, and an action block 709 executes the an action corresponding to the action level. If SavedFrames is less than BlinkFrames+1, no action is required and blink processing is complete.
In the preferred embodiment, an image of the eye 65 is


text:
Relevance to Underserved Issue
The Health and Rehabilitative Services (HRSA) professional shortage area guidelines (HPSA) provide the criteria needed to determine locations that are underserved.
Summary of Key Information
- Purpose of the Guidelines
To provide criteria for identifying areas that have a deficit of mental health providers.
- Program Authority
The Public Health Service Act section 332 amended by public law 101-597 requires the Secretary of Health of HHS to establish, by regulation, criteria for the designation of HPSAs. Program RequirementsThe program requires that the core mental health providers who may offer mental health services consist of psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, clinical social workers, psychiatric nurse specialists and marriage and family therapists.
- Identified Need for Providers
HRSA has defined three types of shortage designations consisting of
- Geographic area
- Population based
- Facility based
Criteria necessary to be designated as a mental health shortage area under these categories:
A. Geographic Area Based Manpower Shortage Designations
- The geographic area is a rational area for the delivery of mental health services.
- One of the following conditions exists in the area:
- The population ratio to core psychiatrists and/or non-physician mental health professionals is disproportionate using HRSA defined ratios as defined in the summary table below.
- The area has unusually high needs for mental health services (i.e., poverty, children, elderly, high amount of substance abuse and alcoholism) and the ratio of population to core mental health clinicians is disproportionate to meet this need.
Contiguous area considerations: Mental health professionals near the areas that are being identified as HPSAs will be considered extremely far away, over-utilized or unavailable to the HPSAs if they meet the following criteria: (1) it is more than 40 minutes from the main population center of the area being considered, (2) if the core mental health professionals in that area are overutilized and con not be expected to fill the void (3) there is a cultural, language or geographical barrier and/or because of residency restrictions.
B. Population Based Manpower Shortage Designations
- Population groups in specific service areas are deemed as shortage areas if access barriers prevent the population group from using mental health services.
- The ratio of the number of individuals per population group is disproportionate to the number of full-time equivalent (FTE) mental health professionals or FTE psychiatrists.
C. Facility Based Manpower Shortage Designations
Types of facilities that fall under this designation include: federal and state correctional institutions, state and county mental hospitals, community mental health centers and other public or nonprofit private facilities.
Facilities can be deemed manpower shortage areas based on HRSA defined criteria that take into account variables such as the ratio of mental health professional to the defined population, average length of stay, average daily inpatient census, etc.
Summary Table, Guidelines for Mental Health Care Designation
(Adobe document, will open in a new window.)


text:
|Construction Safety and Health
|U.S. Department of Labor
OSHA Office of Training and Education
An open excavation is an unnatural situation. The average landscape shows no vertical or near vertical slopes.
Soil or dirt is a very heavy material. A cubic foot can easily weigh 114 pounds and a cubic yard can be as heavy as a pick-up truck.
Consider a column of soil which is one foot by one foot and several feet high. At one foot of depth a horizontal plane one foot by one foot is carrying the cubic foot which lies over it. The stress, or load per unit area is 100 lbs. per square foot (psf). At a depth of two feet the horizontal plane is carrying two cubic feet or 200 psf. At a depth of five feet the vertical stress is 500 psf, and so on.
The column described would soon collapse if not supported by similar adjacent columns. Stresses are developed which act horizontally on the column. These lateral stresses can be considered ½ as large as the vertical stresses. At a depth of five feet the vertical stress is 500 psf and the lateral, or horizontal stress is 250 psf.
Undisturbed soil may be visualized as an infinite number of columns of soil adjoining and supporting one another. The system is in equilibrium and is perfectly stable.
When an excavation is cut the system is disturbed. Lateral stresses which existed on the excavation wall are removed as the excavation is done. The soil in the excavation wall immediately begins to move, however slowly, into the excavation.
At the same time the surface of the ground next to the excavation subsides, creating an unnatural situation. The surface of the ground is in tension and some of the weight of the soil in the excavation wall is transferred to the soil back away from the wall face by a phenomenon called shear.
The combination of tension in the ground surface and shear stress causes cracks to form back from the edge of the excavation. Cracks occur from the edge of the excavation. Cracks occur from about to of the depth of the excavation back from its edge. For example, if an excavation 10 feet deep is dug the cracks may be found somewhere between three to seven feet back from the excavation edge. There may be several cracks. They are usually vertical and they may be ½ the depth of the excavation.
When cracks develop, the weight of the soil in the excavation wall is no longer partly carried by the soil back from the excavation's face.
Then the lower part of the excavation wall fails under the great stress from the weight of the soil above it. There is no lateral stress to prevent the failure.
When the bottom of the excavation fails, or "kicks," into the excavation the support for the upper part of the excavation wall is now essentially hanging only be shear and tension forces. Failure occurs.
A third cave-in quickly follows. Soil, like concrete, is normally strong in compression but not at all strong in tension. Reinforced concrete makes use of the compressive strength of concrete and the tensile strength of steel. There is no steel in the soil.
Cave-ins generally come in multiples. If the first one doesn't get you, the second one may and the third is always a possibility.
This example of the mechanics of a cave-in has offered a discussion of some of the forces involved in such accidents. It has by no means considered all of the forces which may be involved in such an occurrence. Weathering, water, vibration and superimposed loads may add to the hazardous conditions leading to cave-ins.


The flag alters the validity checking behavior. The flags parameter is a bitfield with the following options:
 - 0 (default): Use usual OGC SFS (Simple Features Specification) validity semantics.
 - 1: "ESRI flag", Accepts certain self-touching rings as valid, which are considered invalid under OGC standards.
Formats:
ST_IsValidReason (A: Geometry)
ST_IsValidReason (A: Geometry, flag: Integer)
Since: v1.5.1
SQL Example for valid geometry:
SELECT ST_IsValidReason(ST_GeomFromWKT('POLYGON ((100 100, 100 300, 300 300, 300 100, 100 100))')) as validity_info
Output:
Valid Geometry
SQL Example for invalid geometries:
SELECT gid, ST_IsValidReason(geom) as validity_info
FROM Geometry_table
WHERE ST_IsValid(geom) = false
ORDER BY gid
Output:
gid | validity_info
-----+----------------------------------------------------
5330 | Self-intersection at or near point (32.0, 5.0, NaN)
5340 | Self-intersection at or near point (42.0, 5.0, NaN)
5350 | Self-intersection at or near point (52.0, 5.0, NaN)
ST_Length
Introduction: Return the perimeter of A
Format: ST_Length (A: Geometry)
Since: v1.0.0
Spark SQL Example:
SELECT ST_Length(ST_GeomFromWKT('LINESTRING(38 16,38 50,65 50,66 16,38 16)'))
Output:
123.0147027033899
ST_LengthSpheroid
Introduction: Return the geodesic perimeter of A using WGS84 spheroid. Unit is meter. Works better for large geometries (country level) compared to ST_Length + ST_Transform. It is equivalent to PostGIS ST_Length(geography, use_spheroid=true) and ST_LengthSpheroid function and produces nearly identical results.
Geometry must be in EPSG:4326 (WGS84) projection and must be in lon/lat order. You can use ST_FlipCoordinates to swap lat and lon.
Note
By default, this function uses lon/lat order since v1.5.0. Before, it used lat/lon order.
Format: ST_LengthSpheroid (A: Geometry)
Since: v1.4.1
Spark SQL Example:
SELECT ST_LengthSpheroid(ST_GeomFromWKT('Polygon ((0 0, 90 0, 0 0))'))
Output:
20037508.342789244
ST_LineFromMultiPoint
Introduction: Creates a LineString from a MultiPoint geometry.
Format: ST_LineFromMultiPoint (A: Geometry)
Since: v1.3.0
Spark SQL Example:
SELECT ST_LineFromMultiPoint(ST_GeomFromText('MULTIPOINT((10 40), (40 30), (20 20), (30 10))'))
Output:
LINESTRING (10 40, 40 30, 20 20, 30 10)
ST_LineInterpolatePoint
Introduction: Returns a point interpolated along a line. First argument must be a LINESTRING. Second argument is a Double between 0 and 1 representing fraction of total linestring length the point has to be located.
Format: ST_LineInterpolatePoint (geom: Geometry, fraction: Double)
Since: v1.0.1
Spark SQL Example:
SELECT ST_LineInterpolatePoint(ST_GeomFromWKT('LINESTRING(25 50, 100 125, 150 190)'), 0.2)
Output:
POINT (51.5974135047432 76.5974135047432)
ST_LineLocatePoint
Introduction: Returns a double between 0 and 1, representing the location of the closest point on the LineString as a fraction of its total length. The first argument must be a LINESTRING, and the second argument is a POINT geometry.
Format: ST_LineLocatePoint(linestring: Geometry, point: Geometry)
Since: v1.5.1
SQL Example:
SELECT ST_LineLocatePoint(ST_GeomFromWKT('LINESTRING(0 0, 1 1, 2 2)'), ST_GeomFromWKT('POINT(0 2)'))
Output:
0.5
ST_LineMerge
Introduction: Returns a LineString formed by sewing together the constituent line work of a MULTILINESTRING.
Note
Only works for MULTILINESTRING. Using other geometry will return a GEOMETRYCOLLECTION EMPTY. If the MultiLineString can't be merged, the original MULTILINESTRING is returned.
Format: ST_LineMerge (A: Geometry)
Since: v1.0.0
Spark SQL Example:
SELECT ST_LineMerge(ST_GeomFromWKT('MULTILINESTRING ((-29 -27, -30 -29.7, -45 -33), (-45 -33, -46 -32))'))
Output:
LINESTRING (-29 -27, -30 -29.7, -45 -33, -46 -32)
ST_LineSubstring
Introduction: Return a linestring being a substring of the input one starting and ending at the given fractions of total 2d length. Second and third arguments are Double values between 0 and 1. This only works with LINESTRINGs.
Format:
ST_LineSubstring (geom: Geometry, startfraction: Double, endfraction: Double)
Since: v1.0.1
Spark SQL Example:
SELECT ST_LineSubstring(ST_GeomFromWKT('LINESTRING(25 50, 100 125, 150 190)'), 0.333, 0.666)
Output:
LINESTRING (69.28469348539744 94.28469348539744, 100 125, 111.70035626068274 140.21046313888758)
ST_MakeLine
Introduction: Creates a LineString containing the points of Point, MultiPoint, or LineString geometries. Other geometry types cause an error.
Format:
ST_MakeLine(geom1: Geometry, geom2: Geometry)
ST_MakeLine(geoms: ARRAY[Geometry])
Since: v1.5.0
Spark SQL Example:
SELECT ST_AsText( ST_MakeLine(ST_Point(1,2), ST_Point(3,4)) );
Output:
LINESTRING(1 2,3 4)
Spark SQL Example:
SELECT ST_AsText( ST_MakeLine( 'LINESTRING(0 0, 1 1)', 'LINESTRING(2 2, 3 3)' ) );
Output:
 LINESTRING(0 0,1 1,2 2,3 3)
ST_MakePolygon
Introduction: Function to convert closed linestring to polygon including holes
Format: ST_MakePolygon(geom: Geometry, holes: ARRAY[Geometry])
Since: v1.1.0
Spark SQL Example:
SELECT ST_MakePolygon(
 ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(7 -1, 7 6, 9 6, 9 1, 7 -1)'),
 ARRAY(ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(6 2, 8 2, 8 1, 6 1, 6 2)'))
 )
Output:
POLYGON ((7 -1, 7 6, 9 6, 9 1, 7 -1), (6 2, 8 2, 8 1, 6 1, 6 2))
ST_MakeValid
Introduction: Given an invalid geometry, create a valid representation of the geometry.
Collapsed geometries are either converted to empty (keepCollapsed=true) or a valid geometry of lower dimension (keepCollapsed=false). Default is keepCollapsed=false.
Format:
ST_MakeValid (A: Geometry)
ST_MakeValid (A: Geometry, keepCollapsed: Boolean)
Since: v1.0.0
Spark SQL Example:
WITH linestring AS (
 SELECT ST_GeomFromWKT('LINESTRING(1 1, 1 1)') AS geom
) SELECT ST_MakeValid(geom), ST_MakeValid(geom, true) FROM linestring
Result:
+------------------+------------------------+
|st_makevalid(geom)|st_makevalid(geo


Mold Removal: End of Tenancy Cleaning Services in London
Mold removal requires the input of professional cleaners. You should never attempt it on your own without any experience or the required tools. Otherwise, you would be exposing yourself to several health risks. Examples of health issues that could affect anyone who attempts this work include throat irritation and nasal stuffiness. Apart from this, you are also likely to be diagnosed with coughing and wheezing. For this reason, you should leave it to experts such as those who provide end of tenancy cleaning services in London.
Following the Right Procedure
End of tenancy cleaning services follow the right procedure when removing mold from the property. First, they start with identifying the mold. They know the areas to check for the presence of mold. Next, the cleaners also start the actual removal. That done, they don't stop there. Instead, they also proceed to institute measures that discourage mold from growing unhindered on the property. As you can see here, it would be nearly impossible for you to attempt any of these without the right tools, experience, or training.
The full list of steps the expert cleaners follow includes:
 1. Assessment
 2. Containment
 3. Filtration
 4. Removal
 5. Drying
 6. Repairing
 7. Testing
After cleaning or removing mold from the property, end of tenancy cleaning technicians would then embark on restoration. The experts are highly effective at restoring any content that mold has damaged. Through their expertise, you will never have to worry about damaged keepsakes. More importantly, without them you would normally have to forget about ever using some of your most treasured possessions. Crucially, the cleaners know how to test the content to determine what is eligible for restoration.
Without complete restoration, mold could return to leave you sick with conditions such as:
 - Mold allergies
 - Eye irritation
 - Skin irritation
Mold removal also involves plenty of drying. Here, drying refers to the process of ensuring that the items in question remain in a usable state. Significantly, the drying takes different forms depending on the level of mold damage involved. End of tenancy cleaners know how to determine the exact type of drying that your items and property need. Otherwise, you would suffer massive losses. For the most part, the cleaners would probably recommend the following options for not only drying but also restoring your mold-damaged items:
 1. Air drying
 2. Vacuum freeze drying
 3. Vacuum thermal drying
 4. Dehumidification
 5. Freezer drying
As shown above, leave mold removal to experts who provide End of Tenancy Cleaning Services London


Star (Clan)
Map Designation of a Clan Star
A Star is the basic building block of Clan military forces. It consists of five Points working together to provide the most firepower in a unit with the smallest logistical footprint.[1][2] A Star is commanded by a Star Commander.
BattleMech Stars[edit]
This formation consists of five OmniMechs or, in the case of garrison and some second-line units, five standard BattleMechs. At the Star level 'Mechs are organized together based on capabilities; grouping together 'Mechs of wildly varying weights, speeds, and offensive proficiencies is generally seen as an invitation for the enemy to divide them in the field.[3][4] However while Stars are defined by the weight composition of their Points in a way similar to 'Mech ratings - Light, Medium, Heavy and Assault - each type need not contain only 'Mechs of that weight rating. The following table shows shows the various compositions that are typically used. It is unusual for a Star to contain all four 'Mech weight ratings, and so is omitted here.[5]
Star Weight Composition
Light Star Medium Star Heavy Star Assault Star
5 Light 1 Light, 4 Medium 2 Medium, 3 Heavy 1 Medium, 2 Heavy, 2 Assault
4 Light, 1 Medium 5 Medium 1 Medium, 4 Heavy 4 Heavy, 1 Assault
3 Light, 2 Medium 4 Medium, 1 Heavy 5 Heavy 3 Heavy, 2 Assault
2 Light, 2 Medium, 1 Heavy 3 Medium, 2 Heavy 1 Medium, 3 Heavy, 1 Assault 2 Heavy, 3 Assault
AeroSpace Stars[edit]
Clan OmniFighter Stars consist of ten fighters and differ from 'Mech Stars in that mixed designs and weight classes are common. Medium-weight fighters dominate among the Clans' toumans along with lower-end heavyweight designs, although not to the exclusion of other weight types. Clan Naval Stars will contain five or six vessels, either WarShips, JumpShips or DropShips, often with an additional command vessel[3][4]
Armor Stars[edit]
Armor Stars consist of ten vehicles, but due to the Clans' prejudice against conventional armor these formations are commonly found in solahma or, more rarely, garrison units. Light and heavy-weight types are preferred, while medium-weight vehicles are particularly rare.[6][7]
Infantry Stars[edit]
Clan Infantry Stars can consist of either Elementals or conventional infantry. Elemental Stars consist of 25 Elementals and play a far more prominent role in Clan warfare than conventional infantry thanks to their Battle Armor. Conventional infantry Stars consist of 125 soldiers, but are largely solahma or freeborn units and rarely incorporated into the standard Clan order of battle.[6][7]
Mixed Stars[edit]
In general Stars which mix different unit types see their overall combat effectiveness severely weakened. One of the few exceptions to this rule is the strategic command Star, a formation first pioneered by Clan Wolf. It combines four Points of either OmniMechs or Elementals with an AeroSpace Point for reconnaissance and escort duty. The success of this formation has caused other Clans to adopt it, albeit in more limited numbers.[1][2]
 1. 1.0 1.1 Field Manual: Warden Clans, pg. 11-12
 2. 2.0 2.1 Field Manual: Crusader Clans, pg. 9-10
 3. 3.0 3.1 Field Manual: Warden Clans, pg. 10
 4. 4.0 4.1 Field Manual: Crusader Clans, pg. 8
 5. Total Warfare, pg. 265
 6. 6.0 6.1 Field Manual: Warden Clans, pg. 11
 7. 7.0 7.1 Field Manual: Crusader Clans, pg. 9


text:
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|The opioid epidemic in North America: implications for Australia||573.66 KB|
The opioid epidemic in North America has attracted considerable international concern because of the scale of the problem and the high rate of overdose deaths. This paper explores the factors that have contributed to the opioid epidemic in the United States and Canada, and reviews the current situation in Australia.
There is little evidence that Australia is on the same trajectory as the United States or Canada, or that fentanyl, particularly illicit fentanyl, has penetrated the Australian drug market as it has overseas. There is, however, evidence of an increase in harm associated with pharmaceutical opioids and heroin, despite a fall in heroin use.
This paper highlights the importance of being vigilant about the potential for similar problems in Australia, and continuing to monitor key indicators of opioid availability, use and harm. Responses to opioid misuse and overdose must be relevant to the Australian context.


text:
A co-design prototyping approach for building a Precinct Planning Tool
- 1Architecture Building and Planning, The University of Melbourne, Australia
- 2Institute for Social Research, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia
- 3Curtin University Sustainable Policy Institute, Curtin University, Australia
- 4School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Australia
Keywords: precinct planning, co-design, 3D visualisation, workflows, sustainability assessment, agile software development
Abstract. As the world is becoming increasingly urbanized there is a need for more sustainability-oriented planning of our cities. Policy and decision-makers are interested in the use of evidenced based approaches and tools that will support collaborative planning. There are a number of tools in the domain of spatial planning and decision support systems that have been built over the last few decades but the uptake and use of these tools is somewhat limited.
In the context of Australia there is significant urban growth occurring across the major cities and a need to provision planners and developers with precinct planning tools to assist in managing infill and the densification of the existing urban fabric in a carbon constrained economy. In this paper we describe the development of a new precinct planning tool known as the Envision Scenario Planner (ESP), which is being applied initially in two cities, Melbourne and Perth to assist in the urban design and planning of Greyfield sites.
To set the scene in this paper we firstly provide a brief review of the existing state of play of visualization and modelling tools available to urban planners in Australia. The focus on the paper will be to introduce an iterative co-design prototyping approach for developing a best practice precinct planning support tool (ESP) from an earlier tool known as ENVISION. The first step of the approach is an exposure workshop with experts to refine the proposed tool workflow and its functionality. Subsequent iterations of the prototype are then exposed to larger audiences for validation and testing. In this paper we will describe the process and the preliminary findings in implementing the first phase of this iterative co-design prototype approach.


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Posts Tagged 'Corpus Christi'
Reader's Guide: REMEMBER ME LIKE THIS by Bret Anthony Johnston
Thursday, May 15th, 2014
Johnston_ THIS ONE_ RMLTBret Anthony Johnston is the author of the award-winning Corpus Christi: Stories. This month, his debut novel, Remember Me Like This, hits bookshelves and this is one you must read! This gripping novel has the pace of a thriller but the nuanced characterization and deep empathy of some of the literary canon's most beloved novels. It introduces Bret Anthony Johnston as one of the most gifted storytellers writing today.
Random House Reader's Circle has exclusive book club discussion questions to share with you today! If you and your book club are planning a discussion of this novel, be sure to take a look at the below! And, stay up to date with the author on his Facebook page.
Questions and Topics for Discussion:
1. Remember Me Like This is rendered through the perspectives of various characters, but never Justin's. Why do you think Johnston decided not to include his point-of-view? What did the alternating perspectives do for the story?
2. The novel opens with a body floating facedown in the ship channel, then flashes back and shows the events that led up to the discovery. Which character did you think was in the water at first and why? Did your feelings change throughout the book?
3. Johnston alludes to the abuse that Justin endured during his "away life," but a definitive answer of what he suffered is never offered. Why would he leave that information out?
4. The novel takes place over a hot summer in South Texas and Johnston asks the reader to pay a lot of attention to the heat and weather. How might these choices relate to the themes of the book?
5. What are the themes of Remember Me Like This?
6. Most of the characters have at least one significant secret in the novel. What role do secrets play in the book? Early in the novel, the reader learns that Cecil believes love can be shown through not disclosing what you know. Do you agree with him?
7. Are Eric and Laura good parents? Why or why not?
8. Each of the Campbells seeks different kinds of shelter in the book: Eric is involved in an extra-marital affair; Laura spends much of her time volunteering at Marine Lab; Griffin devotes most of his energy to skateboarding and Fiona; and Cecil retreats deeper into the grooves of his life. What do these shelters offer them? What do the shelters reveal about the characters? Do the shelters hold up?
9. Most of the novel takes place in Southport, a small coastal town, and on Mustang Island. Discuss the role of place in the story? Does the isolation of the landscape relate in any way to the characters? If so, how?
10. Which character do you identify with the most and why?
11. If you are a parent, which parent most resembles you in the novel?
12. Had Cecil's plan worked, what do you think he would have done with Buford? Do you believe the story he told Eric about taking Buford into Mexico? Did he ever intend to include Eric in the plan? Why does he decide against including him?
13. Do you think Buford's father was being honest with Cecil about just wanting one last day on the water with his family?
15. Where you do you imagine each of the Campbells in a year? In five years? In ten?
Giveaway Opportunity: REMEMBER ME LIKE THIS by Bret Anthony Johnston
Monday, April 14th, 2014
Johnston_ THIS ONE_ RMLTBret Anthony Johnston, the award-winning author of Corpus Christi: Stories delivers a breathtaking debut novel, Remember Me Like This, to us on May 13, 2014. Ready to get your hands on a copy? You're in luck! Enter HERE for your chance to win an advance reader's edition from RHRC!
About the Book:
Enter HERE to win an advance reader's edition of Remember Me Like This.
Bertelsmann Media Worldwide


TY - JOUR AB - It is well known that oil recovery from carbonate reservoirs can be increased by modifying the injected brine composition in a process 'controlled salinity water-flooding' (CSW). However, the mineral- to pore- scale processes responsible for improved oil recovery (IOR) during CSW remain ambiguous and there is no method to predict the optimum CSW composition for a given crude-oil-brine rock system. Here we report the first integrated experimental measurements of zeta potential and IOR during CSW obtained at reservoir conditions. The zeta potential is a measure of the electrical potential at mineral-brine and oil-brine interfaces and controls the electrostatic forces acting between these interfaces.We find that the measured zeta potential in clean samples saturated with formation brine is typically positive and becomes more negative with brine dilution irrespective of temperature. After aging and wettability alteration, the zeta potential changes and we suggest a more positive zeta potential indicates a positive zeta potential at the oil-brine interface and vice-versa. Injecting low salinity brine yields IOR when the oil-brine zeta potential is identified to be negative, but no response when it is identified to be positive, consistent with the hypothesis that IOR during CSW is caused by an increase in the repulsive electrostatic force acting between mineral-brine and oil-brine interfaces. We suggest that the optimum brine composition for IOR during CSW should be chosen to yield the largest change in zeta potential at the mineral-brine interface with opposing polarity to the oil-brine interface and can be determined using the experimental method reported here. AU - Collini,H AU - Li,S AU - Jackson,MD AU - Agenet,N AU - Rashid,B AU - Couves,J DO - 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116927 EP - 16 PY - 2020/// SN - 0016-2361 SP - 1 TI - Zeta potential in intact carbonates at reservoir conditions and its impact on oil recovery during controlled salinity waterflooding T2 - Fuel UR - _URL_ UR - _URL_ UR - _URL_ UR - _URL_ VL - 266 ER -


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Daily news
18 February 2010
Iran showing fastest scientific growth of any country
Hurray for our scientists
It might be the Chinese year of the tiger, but scientifically, 2010 is looking like Iran's year.
Scientific output has grown 11 times faster in Iran than the world average, faster than any other country. A survey of the number of scientific publications listed in the Web of Science database shows that growth in the Middle East – mostly in Turkey and Iran – is nearly four times faster than the world average.
Science-Metrix, a data-analysis company in Montreal, Canada, has published a detailed report (PDF) on "geopolitical shifts in knowledge creation" since 1980. "Asia is catching up even more rapidly than previously thought, Europe is holding its position more than most would expect, and the Middle East is a region to watch," says the report's author, Eric Archambault.
World scientific output grew steadily, from 450,000 papers a year in 1980 to 1,500,000 in 2009. Asia as a whole surpassed North America last year.
Nuclear, nuclear, nuclear
Archambaut notes that Iran's publications have emphasised inorganic and nuclear chemistry, nuclear and particle physics and nuclear engineering. Publications in nuclear engineering grew 250 times faster than the world average – although medical and agricultural research also increased.
Science-Metrix also predicts that this year, China will publish as many peer-reviewed papers in natural sciences and engineering as the US. If current trends continue, by 2015 China will match the US across all disciplines – although the US may publish more in the life and social sciences until 2030.
China's prominence in world science is known to have been growing, but Science-Metrix has discovered that its output of peer-reviewed papers has been growing more than five times faster than that of the US.
Meanwhile, "European attitudes towards collaboration are bearing fruit", writes Archambaut. While Asia's growth in output was mirrored by North America's fall, Europe, which invests heavily in cross-border scientific collaboration, held its own, and now produces over a third of the world's science, the largest regional share. Asia produces 29 per cent and North America 28 per cent.
Scientific output fell in the former Soviet Union after its collapse in 1991 and only began to recover in 2006. Latin America and the Caribbean together grew fastest of any region, although its share of world science is still small. Growth in Oceania, Europe and Africa has stayed at about the same rate over the past 30 years. Only North American scientific output has grown "considerably slower" than the world as a whole.
"The number of papers is a first-order metric that doesn't capture quality," admits Archambaut. There are measures for quality, such as the number of times papers are cited, and "Asian science does tend to be less cited overall".
But dismissing the Asian surge on this basis is risky, he feels. "In the 1960s, when Japanese cars started entering the US market, US manufacturers dismissed their advance based on their quality" – but then lost a massive market share to Japan. The important message, he says, is that "Asia is becoming the world leader in science, with North America progressively left behind".


text:
Fri, Jun 08, 2012
Includes Supersonic Design Code Maturation
An expansion of the collaboration between Aerion Corporation and NASA's Glenn Research Center was announced Monday. The two will work together to mature NASA's new SUPIN (SUPersonic INlet) computer code, which has been developed to perform aerodynamic design and analysis on engine inlets for future high-speed aircraft, such as Aerion's planned supersonic business jet (SBJ).
Aerion and NASA collaborate on inlet design and advanced boundary layer control methods to achieve efficient and stable supersonic inlet operation without boundary layer bleed. The use of bleed reduces efficiency, as well as increases cost and complexity. Thus, a no-bleed inlet could benefit SBJ performance in anticipated real-world operating conditions. Collaboration with NASA on their SUPIN code began this month and is expected to last approximately one year.
"Our collaborative effort with NASA Glenn to mature the SUPIN supersonic inlet design code builds on our existing relationship with NASA Dryden and both partnerships could pay dividends for years to come in the form of faster and more efficient flight," said Dr. Richard Tracy, Aerion's chief technology officer.
This arrangement, made possible through a Space Act Agreement, is in addition to the company's ongoing collaboration with NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center on another round of supersonic F-15B flights featuring an Aerion test article. The additional flights, scheduled for this summer, are intended to evaluate supersonic boundary layer transition properties as they relate to manufacturing standards for surface quality and assembly tolerances. These flights and the engine inlet design code maturation project represent two vital elements in the company's plan to design the world's first supersonic business jet. (Image provided by Aerion)
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text:
On Yamal, in the harsh Seyakhinskaya tundra, Nenets Mikhail Okotetto grows potatoes, radishes, peppers and even strawberries in greenhouses in greenhouses.
Two greenhouses have grown in the Seyakhinskaya tundra. The buildings belong to Mikhail Okotetto, a native of Yamal.
Agrarian experiments have become interesting for the Nenets since 1995. Then he was at home in a wooden barrel from under the fish, planted his first potato.
A few tubers of the root crop made the northerner very happy. Later he brought willow from Omsk. Now a two-meter tree meets and escorts the residents of the village on the pier.
In 2019, a man delivered the first greenhouse to this land along the winter road. The family ate their own cucumbers, tomatoes and onions.
The agronomist decided not to stop there. In the new building, he will plant seedlings of pepper, radish, potatoes and even strawberries.
"The climate is getting warmer now. We will not wait for the northern delivery of potatoes, cucumbers, but we can grow them ourselves for food," said Mikhail Okotetto, head of the Ilebts community.