How to cook dried and dried peach: 6 ways, description, pros and cons - About the farm - 2021
About the farm
6 simple recipes for preparing dried and dried peaches for the winter
Delicious juicy fruit is poorly preserved fresh. It should be eaten immediately. With a large harvest of peaches, the hostesses subject them to drying, which extends the shelf life up to two years. Fruits after weathering moisture retain their beneficial properties. They increase the concentration of sugar and vitamins. Dried peaches - a good snack and filler for winter compote. Fresh ripe fruits are made from candied fruits, chips, pastila. They are dried in an electric dryer, oven, on the windowsill. To store the finished product does not need much space, but the daily consumption of fruit fills up the required amount of vitamins.
Peach Drying Specific
Peaches are very juicy, so over-ripe fruit cannot be used for drying. For harvesting fit both flat and fig fruits. Collecting fruit from the tree allows you to get a high quality product. The fruit should not be broken places, wormholes and rot. Before drying, they must be prepared.
 1. Fruits are well washed. Excess moisture is removed with a paper towel or napkin.
 2. The peduncle must be removed. Use of fruits with a stone and without it is allowed. The first version of dried fruit has a bitterness, taste for the fan. If you remove the bone, the dried fruit will remain sweet.
 3. The fruit can be divided into halves or quarters with a sharp knife.
 4. Peaches are laid on the skins upwards for drying.
 Peaches must be washed and removed before drying.
For winter preparations, sweet fruits of practically any kind are used, but if they get sour, you should sprinkle them with sugar syrup.
It is advisable to calibrate the fruit before drying so that they prepare at one time.
With overripe peaches do not take risks, it is better to make them marshmallow.
Peach Drying Methods
To the natural method were added options using an electric dryer and oven. The sparing conditions of the units make it possible to obtain high quality products in a short time. In an electric dryer with the correct temperature conditions, the process takes 6 hours. Using the plate requires several approaches for three hours with a six-hour break.
Drying in the oven
Peach after drying in the oven
With a small amount of products and the absence of electric ovens - the best option. Peaches are prepared in the usual way and cut into slices. The pieces should not be very small, the fruit will lose its charm. The sheet is covered with parchment, the fruits are laid on it with the skin up.
At a temperature of 50 degrees, they are dried for three hours. Then you need to take a break for 6 hours and continue the procedure. Drying continues until the product reaches a condition.
Periodically it is necessary to open the oven door to release excess moisture.
Oranges are dried and apples are dried in a similar way.
The use of electric dryers
Peaches in an electric drier are best dried.
Modern apparatus for drying vegetables and fruits VOLTERA 1000 Lux significantly accelerates the process. With natural weathering, the blanks lie for several days. In the dryer enough for 6 hours. Peach is loaded in whole or sliced. It is necessary to ensure that the products were approximately the same size.
Fruits are laid out on pallets in a single layer. It is necessary to set the temperature from 50 to 70 degrees. The process must be controlled so as not to spoil the products. Drying time will take 4 to 6 hours. Voltaire 1000 Lux is also suitable for the preparation of dry bananas and dried kiwi.
Nuances of drying in the sun
Sun Dried Peaches
Harvesting dried peaches in a natural way is suitable for large volumes of products. They must be pre-washed and wiped away with paper towel. Peeled fruit stalks and seeds are laid out on the racks with the pelt up.
On each side, it is necessary to dry for at least two days, as the fruits are juicy and fleshy. When the lobules reach condition, they are collected in canvas bags and stored for up to a year. Under the influence of sunlight the fruits become darker.
The color remains almost unchanged if you pre-fumigate the segments with sulfur smoke.
This method is also suitable for other fruits - pineapple, plum, but only for warm regions.
On the windowsill
Peach dried on the windowsill
The principle of harvesting dried fruit on the windowsill is identical to the process of drying in the sun. A large number of peaches will not fit on a limited area, but you can prepare a few kilograms. Entirely they will not dry out, so they need to be rid of the stones and divided into slices.
The window sill is covered with paper and fruits are laid out on it. On each side the slices are dried for 2-3 days. They must be turned over so as not to begin the process of decay. When excess moisture evaporates, the dried fruits are collected in containers or linen bags. Moths and other insects should not be allowed to enter the products.
Peach Dried Above The Plate
Another common method of drying fruits in cold regions is the electric cooker. Peeled and prepared peaches should be cut into small slices. They can be strung on a string, but they are quite heavy. Useful sieve or mesh. If the peach is decomposed into it and placed over a heater, then in a few hours the moisture will evaporate. Get dried peaches no worse than the sun.
How to cook dried peach with a bone
Dried peach with a stone
At home, dried peaches are cooked in the oven or electric drier. There are many devices for drying vegetables and fruits. There are three cooking methods:
 1. Drying entirely involves only washing the fruit and removing the stem.
 2. From the berries you can remove the stone and cut them in half.
 3. The skin is removed from the peaches, and a high-quality product is obtained.
Masters of drying prefer to cook special delicacies. Peaches are lowered into a boiling solution of water and soda for 7-9 seconds. The peduncle is removed, the bone is pulled out, and the skin is easily cleaned with a knife.
Peach slices are laid out on a tray and fumigated with sulfur. Only after that you can start drying.
For the preparation of high-quality dried fruit suitable electrical units and folk methods.
Peaches are rich in vitamins and have many beneficial properties. With a large number of products optimally suitable natural method of drying. Many peaches are placed on the shelves, but the process takes 4-6 days, depending on weather conditions and juiciness of the fruits. Weathering occurs faster in electric units. In the oven, you can make sweet chips or candied fruits, and also just dry the fruit slices. For the preparation of dried fruit for the winter fit as purchased and grown independently at home. When growing it is necessary to know about the nuances of tree care in order to get a rich harvest.


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There are several other methods besides Boothroyd Dewhurst when looking at Design for Assembly but it is by far the most popular and wide-spread. The operating thesis behind this method is that the product cost is directly related to the assembly time so if you can put it together quicker, there is less of a labor rate. Additionally, the assembly time and quality are directly related to both the part count and the ease in which the parts go together.
The Boothroyd Dewhurst Method involves systematically looking at the part geometry and how they're fastened to estimate a time to put the different parts together. Then, adding it up and comparing it to a theoretical minimum part count (what's the fewest number of possible parts you could have to build the product). You will then get a ratio of the two to get an overall design efficiency. The actual number does not matter as it's intended as a benchmarking tool; as you improve the design you have some benchmarks or some comparison points so you know this design is better or worse than that your previous design.
Most importantly, this method forces you to take a step back because everything is so rushed to get the actual product working and you're thinking about so many things. The Boothroyd Dewhurst method lets you pop up a level and think specifically about assembly and ask questions: Do I really need two parts? Can I put them together with snap fit rather than screws? It is those key insights that are important.
You can view the full video and accompanying slides below. The worksheet corresponding to slides 12 and 13 can be accessed here:
Video by Williamson Visuals

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Realm Charter School
One of the first in-district charter schools with Berkeley Unified School District, REALM underwent a second expansion within a converted industrial building dating from the 1940s. Previous projects readied the shell building and ground floor for educational use. This project built out the remaining second and third floor, and improved movement throughout the building by installing a larger staircase designed to work in conjunction with the existing elevator.
Working with the District's limited budget, AE3 was able to strategically adapt existing partitions and features to build out five new, 20-student classrooms complete with smart board and electronic learning aids, a multipurpose/athletic space, food service area, a "fab" workshop that will allow students to create STEM projects, and a new library. The design capitalizes on the building's industrial look and feel.
Location: Berkeley, CA
Role: Construction Management
Size: 12,000 SF

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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We always serve you wholeheartedly
1. Technical services include:
1. The company will provide users with technical consulting services for LED display products, and provide a full set of comments and related technical suggestions on the technical parameters, specifications, equipment configuration, function settings, environmental factors and other aspects of the product.
2. Provide a complete set of technical documents, equipment data, instructions for use, and maintenance instructions.
3. The company will train operation and maintenance personnel for LED display products for free for users. Since the operation and daily general maintenance of the system require more professional knowledge and skills, the company will propose a training plan and train designated personnel for users on site. These trainings include:
*Operation training: system overview, system operation procedures, program production examples, field operation practice.
*Maintenance training: inspection of system components, system adjustment and maintenance, system and component troubleshooting.
2. After-sales stage:
1. Our company is responsible for all product assembly, debugging, training and after-sales service.
2. Operation training, our company provides users with free training related instructions and simple maintenance.
3. The company can send professionals to guide and complete the installation and commissioning.
4. The quality assurance instructions provided by the company to users:
A. During the quality assurance period, the company is responsible for maintaining all the assembly, and is responsible for free replacement and repair of any equipment or component damage caused by workmanship, material and product quality.
B. If the equipment fails during the quality assurance period, if necessary, the company will send maintenance personnel to the site for maintenance within 12 hours after receiving the user's notice.
C. After the quality assurance period, the company is still responsible for the maintenance of the LED display, and only charges a certain fee according to the specific situation, such as component fees.
5. The company's maintenance personnel make regular inspections and repairs.
6. The company will provide users with upgrade services related to production, control, and playback software.
3. Description of training content:
The purpose of training is to train system operators, after training, so that they can operate the system proficiently, and can deal with some basic faults.
The main content of the training includes:
(1) Computer operated LED display
(2) Basic working principle of LED display
(3) Operating procedures of the system
(4) Daily maintenance and safety precautions of the system and display information
(5) System software installation
(6) Simple software fault handling Simple hardware fault handling
Our company trains 1-3 operation and maintenance personnel for users free of charge. Users can send personnel to our company for training, or on-site training during the installation and construction of the LED display.


@ARTICLE{Otadi, author = {Otadi, A. and Masih-Tehrani, M. and Boluhari, S.M. and Darvish-Damavandi, A. and }, title = {Determination of the three-axle bus critical speed in the sense of rollover stability respect to the driver command and the road conditions}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, abstract ={In this paper, a three-axle bus rollover threshold and the effective parameters are studied. The rollover threshold is a speed that automotive is passing without occurring rollover. The objective is a determination of the heavy vehicle rollover critical speed while turning. For this purpose, a three-axle bus is studied. The dynamic equations related to rollover is extracted, and then rollover criterion, which is LTR (Load Transfer Ratio) in this paper, is obtained. The governing equations are simulated in MATLAB software and then the effect of the parameters such as steering rate, road curvature radius, road bank slope and automotive effective parameters on the rollover critical speed is studied. Prior to the investigation of these parameters, due to validation of the simulation model in MATLAB, a three-axle bus with specific parameters values is placed under various maneuvers with different conditions in TruckSim software then results are recorded. In order to validate, these results are compared with the results which are achieved from MATLAB. After validation, the relation between effective parameters in rollover stability and vehicle speed for desire maneuvers is obtained and it is illustrated in form of function. The results of this research work can be used in road threshold speed without huge computation costs and expensive tests. }, URL = {_URL_ eprint = {_URL_ journal = { International Journal of Automotive Engineering }, doi = {10.22068/ijae.7.3.2434}, year = {2017} }


gmonopuls
Generate a sampled Gaussian monopulse.
Syntax
p = gmonopuls(t)
p = gmonopuls(t, fc)
Inputs
t
The times at which to generate the signal.
Dimension: string | vector
fc
The center frequency. (default: 1000 Hz)
Dimension: scalar
Outputs
p
The gaussian monopuls.
Example
Plot a pulse with a 10 Hz center frequency, sampled at 1000 KHz.
t = [-0.1:0.001:0.1];
fc = 10;
y = gmonopuls(t, fc);
plot(t, y);
xlabel('time');
ylabel('amplitude');
Figure 1. gmonopuls figure 1
Comments
gmonopuls is commonly used as an input to pulstran.


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Directed Experiential Learning in Ecological Restoration
Also: ES 250
Conducted in relation to work or volunteer activities with a host organization identified by the student and approved by the RNS Academic Administrator or the Director of the School of Environmental Studies. Student engages in application and assessment of methods in ecological restoration. Must include at least 150 hours of applied activities. Assessment typically involves a reflective journal and final paper. Students are responsible for proposing an internship and arranging for a supervising instructor.
- Credit will be granted for only one of ER 250, ES 250.
- May be taken more than once for credit in different topics for a maximum of 3 units.
- Permission of the program.


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Computational study of the shift of the G band of double-walled carbon nanotubes due to interlayer interactions.
The interactions between the layers of double-walled carbon nanotubes induce measurable shift of the G bands relative to the isolated layers. While experimental data on this shift in free-standing double-walled carbon nanotubes has been reported in the past several years, comprehensive theoretical description of the observed shift is still lacking. The prediction of this shift is important for supporting the assignment of the measured double-walled nanotubes to particular nanotube types. Here, we report a computational study of the G-band shift as a function of the semiconducting inner layer radius and interlayer separation. We find that with increasing interlayer separation, the G band shift decreases, passes through zero and becomes negative, and further increases in absolute value for the wide range of considered inner layer radii. The theoretical predictions are shown to agree with the available experimental data within the experimental uncertainty.
Publisher URL: _URL_
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Choose from over 15,000 academics journals covering ten research areas then let Researcher deliver you papers tailored to your interests each day.
Researcher displays publicly available abstracts and doesn't host any full article content. If the content is open access, we will direct clicks from the abstracts to the publisher website and display the PDF copy on our platform. Clicks to view the full text will be directed to the publisher website, where only users with subscriptions or access through their institution are able to view the full article.


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Fathers and sons true love and bonds english literature essay print shakespeare uses these father-son relationships to hamlet still mourns his father's. English essays: male/female relationships in hamlet search either her son hamlet or her brother it should also be pointed out that hamlet's father was no. Essay on father-child relationships in hamlet and fences polonius is reluctant to let his son leave when laertes finally reaches france, it is discovered by us. And hamlet essay father relationship son @edward_mills essay on competing liberties in frankenstein and burke's reflections that's been driving me mad for weeks. The parent-child relationship as portrayed in shakespearean classic, hamlet of parent-child relationship as father-son metaphor in hamlet was also.
A father's goal is for his son to surpass him or simply carry on the honor of the family name to try and avoid any mishaps, fathers advise their sons using the. Relationship father essay son hamlet essay article 4 discrimination what is a dissertation report mason i don't want school tomorrow but i also need that help on my. Hamlet's fathers: an analysis of paternity and filial duty in and filial duty in shakespeare's hamlet with hamlet giving his father god. Hamlet essay, loyalty between father and son relationshipsbetween father and son relationships "o cursed spite.
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Wired Magazine is fascinated by the idea that seed pods can open up after they've been detached from the plant, i.e. after the tissue is "dead." It seems to me that lots of seed pods that open do so after they're "dead" but what do I know, I'm neither a botanist nor a reporter for Wired.
The article uses a Delosperma seed pod as an example of the "rare" phenomenon of dead plant "origami." Since succulents' cell structures can store lots of water, this example's seed pod can unfurl, i.e. open, when the rains come.
Seed capsule from the ice plant Delosperma nakurense in the hydrated, unfolded state. (M. J. Harrington).
Now, what about the fact that these unopened seed pods, or "fruit", are edible and often eaten by the birds?
link via PATSP.


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Difference Between Blue Collar and White Collar
Blue Collar vs White Collar
Up to this day, there is confusion in discerning blue from white collar jobs. There has been some stigma attached to some, most especially to blue collar jobs. Nevertheless, both job types have their own set of pros and cons.
Traditionally, white collar jobs were named as such because these jobs originally required the worker to wear a shirt that is colored white either with a tie or without one. These jobs are often those that require the employee to wear a tie and work within the safe confines of the four walls of their offices, stores, schools and the like. Nevertheless, it can be safely said that the era of wearing the traditional white shirt and tie has already faded away. Still, many professionals like doctors and lawyers still don their ties and perhaps couple it with a white coat (especially for the medical doctors) to give an impression of a more serious stance.
On the contrary, blue collar jobs are not necessarily jobs that require the worker to wear blue shirts or polo. It is rather an expression which emphasizes that these employees work in a non-management position like those jobs that may involve workers becoming dirtier because of physically working a little harder. Often, these are the jobs that require protection clothing. So, perhaps the confusion sets in when one would label being a doctor as a blue collar job because most of them wear a doctor's coat or mask for protection. Medical doctors are white collar workers! Blue collar workers are the auto mechanics, drivers, and factory employees.
Unfortunately, there is an undeniable presence of a stigma for blue collar jobs. People often become too judgmental and say that these jobs are just plain 'dirty,' literally. Even if most of these jobs are more laborious, not to mention dangerous for the employee because of the workplace they report to, this does not always hold true to all cases.
Conversely, white collar jobs have a better working environment that are usually cleaner and cooler. These are the corporate jobs that often have a good basic monthly pay. As a result, many professionals who hold a degree end up with a white collar job while those who didn't finish college will eventually end up in 'just' a blue collar job. Yet again, this is not applicable to all situations. Also, middle class workers have been linked to blue collar while the upper class workers have been connected to white collar. Fortunately for blue collar jobs, the truth about receiving a higher pay for their white collar counterpart is not always true. In several instances, they even end up receiving a higher pay than the white collar workers.
1. White collar jobs are made synonymous to professionals who obtained higher degrees and education.
2. White collar jobs are linked to the generally higher paying type of jobs.
3. White collar jobs often have a cleaner of 'better' workplaces.
4. White collar jobs are more corporate and managerial while blue collar jobs are often non management but actual physical labor type of jobs.
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Sándor BálintArticle Free Pass
Sándor Bálint, Hungarian form Bálint Sándor (born Aug. 1, 1904, Szeged, Hung.—died May 10, 1980, Budapest), Hungarian ethnographer and eminent researcher on sacral ethnology and popular Roman Catholic traditions.
Bálint completed his studies at Szeged University, then taught at the teacher-training institute from 1931 to 1947. He was a professor of ethnography at Szeged University from 1947 to 1951 and again from 1957 to 1966. (For political reasons, he was forbidden to teach between 1951 and 1956.) The leading subjects of his research were the folk culture of the Great Alfold area and the cultural history of the town of Szeged.
His Szegedi szótár (1957; "Szeged Dictionary") is an important document for the study of dialect and ethnography. His other publications include A szegedi paprika (1962; "The Paprika of Szeged"), A szegedi nép (1968; "The People of Szeged"), Szegedi példabeszédek és jeles mondások (1972; "Parables and Sayings from Szeged"), and Szeged reneszánszkori mûveltsége (1975; "Szeged's Renaissance Culture"). His four-volume work Szögedi nemzet: A szegedi nagytáj népélete (1976; "The Szöged Nation: Folk Culture of the Szeged Area") is a comprehensive study.
His ethnographic monographs on church history and ritual include Népünk ünnepei: az egyházi év néprajza (1938; "Our Popular Religious Feasts: The Ethnography of the Church Calendar"), Az esztendõ néprajza (1942; "Ethnography of the Calendar"), Sacra Hungaria (1944; "Sacred Hungary"), Karácsony, húsvét, pünkösd (1974; "Christmas, Easter, Pentecost"), and the two-volume Ünnepi kalendárium (1977; "Calendar of Religious Feasts"). These works focus on the conventions of religious feasts, the role of vocabulary in preserving customs, and traditions regarding surnames. Búcsújáró magyarok ("Hungarian Pilgrims"), written with Barna Gábor, was published posthumously in 1994.
What made you want to look up "Sandor Balint"? Please share what surprised you most...


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Contractors Publish Carbon-Reduction Guide For SMEs
Following the successful COP26 conference, civils contractors today published a guide for SMEs on how to reduce carbon emissions in construction. Carbon Reduction Demystified for SMEs in Civil Engineering has been published by the Civil Engineering Contractors Association (CECA), free to use for UK construction companies.
Commenting, CECA National Civil Engineering Director Peter Crosland said: "The UK Government has rightly set an ambitious target for the UK to become Net Zero by 2050.
"In order for that to happen, UK construction must take steps to reduce our carbon emissions. As a great many construction companies are small and medium-sized enterprises (having less than 250 employees), we hope this new guide will enable a wide proportion of the industry to access specific awareness, advice, and examples of good practice that will aid them in their journey towards a low carbon future.
"The document has been written following expert input from both main and sub-contractor CECA members, and we hope that it will act as a primer for a wide range of businesses to understand the practicalities involved in carbon reduction, as we transition our industry towards Net Zero in line with the UK Government's aims."


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The demand for hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) has increased in recent years and it is now the dominant liquid biofuel on the Swedish market. However, only 5% of the 14 TWh HVO sold in Sweden in 2018 was produced from domestic raw material.
The possibilities to increase the use of domestic raw materials for HVO production in Sweden is currently investigated in the project Sustainable HVO production potential and environmental impact. The first part of the project has assessed the current (year 2020) and future (year 2050) potential supply of domestic feedstock for HVO production in Sweden. Results are now published in an interim report.
The assessment included raw materials already used today, such as tall oil (a residue from the pulp and paper industry) and used cooking oil, as well as raw materials and technologies with future potential (such as microbial oils or microalgae). The focus was on the Swedish potential to supply renewable oils and fats that can be produced under Nordic conditions.
The results indicated that lignocellulosic materials such as forest residues have high future potential for HVO production. The available economic potential by 2050 is estimated to 7.07 TWh per year. However, to utilize the full potential, certain technologies need to be developed further.
The domestic supply of waste and residual oils, such as used cooking oil from households and restaurants, slaughterhouse waste fats etc., have relatively low technical potential; 0.13 TWh per year by 2020, and 0.54 TWh per year by 2050. Oilseed crops also show a low potential, but are still interesting since they are exempted from the cap on food and feed crops in the EU Renewable Energy Directive. Therefore, demand for these might increase in the future.


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A Happy Independence Day to Sarawakians.
A day that is forgotten and removed from the history book.
A day to remind us that we were once a country of 100 years and the day where Sarawak returned to it's sovereign country status after 17 years of British colonization before losing it again.
Maybe one day I shall make a cartoon story about the kings and Sarawak. XD As many parts of the story were not told/written or removed or even altered in the history textbooks. :)


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Fibre Optic Monitoring (FOM) - Working Principle
Among the different sensing and multiplexing techniques available, DBE TECHNOLOGY's sensor development focuses on Fibre Bragg Grating technology along with corresponding multiplexing technique.
Fibre Bragg Grating, (FBGs) are diffracting elements printed in the Germanium-doped core of an optical fibre. FBGs consist in a periodical modulation of the core refractive index along a short length. They behave like selective filters which reflect in the fibre core the spectral components (lamba) of a propagating packet according to the Bragg relation lamba=2 n*^ , with n being the core mean reflective index and ^ the FBG step or the spatial peroid of the refractive index modulation.
If the temperature varies, n is accordingly altered by the thermo-optic effect. If the FBG is strained along the fibre axis, ^ is changed. As a result, the FBG (or Bragg) wavelength is shifted, which is a measure of the parameter under observation.
Fibre Optic Monitoring (FOM)


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Educational & Humanitarian projects on ISS Russian Segment
Delivery to orbit and launch into open space of the Kolibry microsatellite (MS) within the long-term space, scientific-educational program of school research microsatellites.
Developmental testing of MS deployment profile assuring safety of ISS and Transport Cargo Vehicle (TCV) Progress-M.
Verification of engineering solutions incorporated into the design of "Kolibry" microsatellite
and transport cargo container to deliver and separate the MS from TCV Progress-M. Verification of technological
solutions for processing and installing delivered hardware.
"Kolibry" system consisting of:
- transportation and launch container with brackets.
Flight Equipment Used:
Conducting the Experiment:
One day before TCV Progress M undocks from ISS RS, ISS-4 crew visually inspect, dismantle and transport
Transport and Launch Container (TLC) with the MS to its installation location and install TLC into its
working position on the docking ring of the docking assembly (these operations are to be filmed on video).
After TCV pulls away to a safe distance, on the command from MCC-H, MS separates from TCV. As TCV with TLC
installed in it separates from ISS RS, video filming shall be conducted from ISS RS by the crew using a
standard TV camera of the Service Module, and from TCV using a standard video camera.
Successful deployment of the micro satellite and return to
Earth of a video cassette with a film showing TCV undocking
from ISS and MS separation from TCV.


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Elbow carrying angle - excessive; Excessive carrying angle of the elbow; Cubitus valgus
When your arms are held out at the sides and your palms are facing forward, your forearm and hands should normally be about 5 to 15 degrees away from the body. This is the normal "carrying angle" of the elbow. This angle allows your forearms to clear the hips when swinging your arms, such as during walking. It is also important when carrying objects.
Certain fractures of the elbow can increase the carrying angle of elbow, causing the arms to stick out too much from the body. This is called an excessive carrying angle.
If the angle is decreased so that the arm points toward the body, it is called a "gunstock deformity."
Because the carrying angle varies from person to person, it is important to compare one elbow with the other when evaluating a problem with the carrying angle.
- The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition.
- A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions.
- Call 911 for all medical emergencies.
- Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites.
©1997 - A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.


Do touring bikes have gears?
The touring bike gearing has a greater range than that of a road set-up as it includes a much lower set of gears to cope with the variety of terrain on a tour. Therefore there is a low end to cope with the hills but still with a high end to give you a high cruising speed on the flat should you wish.
How many gears should a touring bike have?
However, most touring and mountain bicycles use a 'triple' front crankset and 8 or 9 rear cogs to give you 24 to 27 different touring bicycle gearing. The rear cogs or cassettes that are suitable for touring bicycles usually have a 12 tooth smallest cog for 8 speed systems or 11 tooth for 9 speed systems.
What is a touring bike used for?
Touring motorcycles are built for touring the wide open road, obviously, but this means that they are often big bikes with very powerful engines. This is because many people who ride farther distances need to be able to bring luggage and even have a passenger. The stronger engine and bigger size allow for these things.
IT IS INTERESTING: How long is a 10 mile bike ride?
What types of bikes have gears?
Bicycles will almost always have one of four types of gearing system;
 - Single Speed.
 - Fixed Gears.
 - Hub Gears.
 - Derailleur Gears.
Do racing bikes have gears?
As of 2018, most racing bicycles used in professional racing have 2 front chainrings and 11 gears on the rear cassette. Carbon fiber has also become more popular for components. … The advantages of carbon fiber are low weight as well as increased vibration damping leading to a more comfortable ride.
Should I buy a touring bike?
But there are reasons why bikes designed specifically for touring exist: They are purposefully made to be durable, comfortable and stable while carrying lots of gear over very long distances. If you're planning to tour frequently, then a touring-specific bike may be a good choice for you.
Is 7 speeds enough on a bike?
7-speed bikes are usually recommended for bikers progressing from lower speed bikes (such as 3-speed) and who wish to tackle harder terrain. 7-speed bikes provide sufficient gearing ratios for you to bike on bumpy or inclined terrain, while having a higher gear to build momentum on downhill segments.
Why are touring bikes so expensive?
Touring bikes are more expensive because they are designed differently to accommodate heavier loads with a steel or titanium frame and larger 26 to 28-inch wheels to cover more distance. … You buy a touring bike so you can enjoy longer rides and paying too little may give you a bike that doesn't measure up.
Are touring bikes fast?
The touring bike isn't quite up to fast pace line riding as the weight, primarily in the heavier duty wheels and tires, will hold it back some when accelerating. Frame geometry on a touring bike is engineered for stability so fast left/right transitions are slower than a road race based frame.
IT IS INTERESTING: Will Cycling build leg muscles?
What is the difference between a gravel bike and touring bike? … Wide tyres, comfort and stable handling sound like features of a gravel bike, but a gravel bike is designed around off-road riding, whereas the majority of traditional touring bikes are designed with tarmac in mind.
Is gear 1 high or low on a bike?
What bike gear do you use to go uphill?
Low Gear = Easy = Good for Climbing: The "low" gear on your bike is the smallest chain ring in the front and the largest cog on your cassette (rear gears). In this position, the pedaling will be the easiest and you'll be able to pedal uphill with the smallest amount of resistance.
What does a 7 speed bike mean?
What is the easiest gear on a bike?
IT IS INTERESTING: How fast will a 125cc bike go?
Do Motogp riders use clutch?
All the motogp riders have their different styles and way the use their equipment. Not all of them do clutchless downshifting. Rossi, and stoner for example use the clutch on downshifting. They use the traditional style like any of us would do.


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Note: This item is more than three years old. Please take the publication date into consideration for any date references.
Dec. 18, 2009
Officials Investigating Waterfowl Die-off in Panhandle
DALHART, Texas — State and federal officials are investigating the deaths of about 2,000 geese and ducks discovered this week near Dalhart in the northwest Texas Panhandle. Preliminary results of lab evaluations indicate naturally-occurring avian cholera is a factor.
Avian cholera poses no threat to human health and while the die-off could affect local waterfowl populations, wildlife officials say isolated events like this are not uncommon for the area.
On Tuesday, Dec. 14, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department biologists and game wardens observed about 1,000 dead geese on Lake Rita Blanca, a 500-acre impoundment on the outskirts of Dalhart. An additional 1,000 dead geese and ducks were found on a nearby wetland.
TPWD officials suspect the die-off event likely began during the first week of December when temperatures in the area dropped to near zero for lows and stayed near or below freezing during the day for about a week. Flocks of about 30,000 geese were on Lake Rita Blanca when temperatures plummeted, causing the lakes to freeze up.
Biologists theorize the near zero temperatures triggered stress in the geese, which often gives rise to disease outbreaks. In this case, preliminarily signs suggest avian cholera as a likely bacterial agent involved.
Fifteen specimens of waterfowl collected from the site by TPWD were shipped to the U.S. Geological Service's National Wildlife Health Center in Madison, WI, for clinical evaluation to determine the cause of death. USGS Wildlife Disease Specialist Dr. LeAnn White advised TPWD that a preliminary examination of the specimens were suggestive of a cholera outbreak, but cultures of the causal agent will not be ready for several more days. A formal report will be sent to TPWD at that time.
According to the Wildlife Disease Action Plan established to handle such problems and coordinated between TPWD, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and USDA Wildlife Services, once a disease outbreak has been documented proper precautions are taken to protect wildlife and human health. Precautions should be taken when handling dead birds, such as wearing protective gloves.
Avian cholera is highly contagious among most birds and can spread rapidly. Prompt action is often needed to prevent and minimize the spread of the disease. In addition to monitoring the situation, during severe outbreaks dead and sick birds may be picked up and incinerated to slow the spread of diseases.
While most birds can become infected with avian cholera, the species most commonly affected are ducks and geese, coots, gulls, and crows. Avian cholera does not pose a threat to human health, according to the USGS Wildlife Health Center, but common sense precautions should be used when handling wild fowl.
Geese can carry the organism without active disease symptoms showing until severe stress gets involved, triggering active symptoms.
The bacteria can be transmitted by bird-to-bird contact, contact with secretions or feces of infected birds, or ingestion of food or water containing the bacteria. Aerosol transmission may also occur. The bacteria may survive up to 4 months in soil and water.
Death may be so rapid that birds literally fall out of the sky or die while eating with no previous signs of disease. Sick birds appear lethargic, and when captured may die within minutes. Other signs include convulsions; swimming in circles; throwing the head back between the wings; erratic flight, such as flying upside down or trying to land a foot or more above the water.
The Texas Panhandle has long been known for small and occasionally large disease outbreaks of avian cholera in waterfowl when severe cold begins to stress the birds. TPWD waterfowl biologist Bill Johnson said he has seen these problems on an annual basis when the right conditions come into play, "but we are fortunate that severe cold usually does not last too long and the problems are usually relatively small."
"Temperatures in the area have been moderating for the past week and the frozen lakes are rapidly thawing. There does not seem to be new birds being added to the die-off," said Johnson. "Signs indicate the event is about to run its course, but we will continue to monitor the situation, especially if severe cold returns to the area."
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STAAR Testing Seminars for Teachers and Classroom Demonstrations
Seminars for both elementary and secondary teachers on STAAR WRITING testing include not only extensive examples of every mode of writing required but revision and editing questions aligned with state-mandated objectives.
READING seminars address the major components listed in every category, complete with multiple-choice literature questions that follow the guidelines of the test. Numerous examples of Short Answers as well as more in-depth literary analysis serve as ready-to-use materials for students.
Participants will receive a comprehensive booklet that will demystify the complexities of the test, empowering both teachers and students by giving them a step-by-step approach designed to meet and exceed the expectations of STAAR testing.
Elementary (4-5) and Secondary


RV Battery Voltage Chart (Understanding Voltage Charts for RVs) - ShopSolar.com
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RV Battery Voltage Chart
Short on Time? Here's The Article Summary
The article discusses the importance of understanding battery voltage charts for RVs. It explains that these charts help monitor the battery's lifespan by showing the voltage output over time in relation to its state of charge. The article emphasizes the need to consult a voltage chart when selecting a battery to ensure compatibility with the RV's electrical system.
It provides typical voltage charts for RV batteries, showing the voltage range for various states of charge. The article also recommends using deep cycle batteries for RVs due to their long life cycle and reliability. It suggests using portable power stations connected to solar panels for continuous charging and reduced recharge times. In conclusion, the article encourages readers to consult voltage charts and do research when selecting batteries for their RVs, as each battery type has different functions and requirements.
Introduction
Traveling the countryside has become a lot easier in modern-day recreational vehicles thanks to the addition of electricity. If you want to go globetrotting and enjoy all the conveniences of modern-day life, using an RV battery voltage chart is a great place to start.
Nowadays, it's possible to live a sustainable life completely out of your RV and you won't have to give up any electricity while doing so.
If you want to utilize a battery to power devices in your RV, then you have to engage with a voltage chart to ensure suitability. So, if you're in the process of selecting a battery and trying to make sense of a voltage chart, then you have come to the right place.
This article clears up any confusion you may have about battery selection, as well as aid you in the selection of a suitable battery through a battery voltage chart.
What Is a Battery Voltage Chart?
A battery voltage chart is a tabulated representation of a battery's voltage output over a certain amount of time in proportion to its state of charge.
rv battery level chart
Typical voltage charts are represented in a graph where the y-axis is voltage, and the x-axis is the battery's state of charge or SOC. However, these metrics can also be depicted in a table, making it much easier to read and understand.
The main function of a battery voltage chart is to monitor the lifespan of your battery. To put it into perspective, let's say we have a specific battery with a voltage of 12 volts fully charged.
Over time this voltage decreases due to various factors. Using a battery voltage chart, you can estimate the remaining capacity of your battery and determine when it needs to be recharged.
You cannot overlook battery voltage charts when selecting a battery for your recreational vehicle. Failure to consult a battery voltage chart beforehand can result in the selection of an incompatible battery that will weaken a lot faster due to the electrical requirements of your RV.
Modern RVs are fitted with powerful batteries that allow you to use various electronic devices inside the vehicle, such as the kettle or the microwave.
However, some RVs don't have batteries installed, which means that you have to select a suitable battery that can efficiently run with the conditions of your recreational vehicle.
Many RV drivers struggle to find a suitable battery and end up settling with one that's not even closely compatible with the RVs system. This is where the importance of RV battery voltage charts comes into play.
Typical Battery Voltage Chart for RV
rv deep cycle battery voltage chart
Below you can find what a typical battery voltage chart looks like and how it can be used to determine your battery's state of charge.
Voltage
State of Charge (SoC)
12.7 and higher
Indicates a full charge
12.4 – 12.6
Indicates a 75% charge
12.2 – 12.3
Indicates a 50% charge
11.8 – 12.1
Indicates a 25% charge
11.7 and lower
Indicates a depleted/fully discharged battery
If you require a more accurate reading with a precise state-of-charge percentage, then you can refer to the table below.
Voltage
State of Charge (SoC)
12.6 and above
100%
12.5
90%
12.42
80%
12.32
70%
12.20
60%
12.06
50%
11.9
40%
11.75
30%
11.58
20%
11.31
10%
10.5
0% (depleted)
Remember that these figures can change based on the kind and quality of the battery as well as outside variables like usage and temperature. To obtain an exact reading of your battery's voltage, you should utilize a multimeter or voltmeter.
RV battery voltage levels chart
As you can see the relationship between voltage and battery charge is not linear. The voltage in a battery can change rapidly, especially when it is close to being fully depleted. This is why it is always recommended to appropriate measuring tools to accurately measure the state of charge of your battery.
You should also note that the tables above aren't universal. The value changes depending on the type of battery. For example, a 6-volt lead acid battery has a higher voltage at a 100% charge state than the voltage represented in the tables above.
A 6-volt lead acid battery with a 100% state of charge has a voltage of 6,44V, while a 12-volt lead acid battery with a 100% charge gets a voltage of 12.89V, which is similar to the voltage in the tables.
Make sure you're using the correct table when determining voltage and charge state. Failure to do so can lead to unnecessary electrical faults in your devices.
Standard RV Batteries
Now that we know a little bit more about voltage and state of charge, we can move on to what types of batteries are typically fitted in recreational vehicles.
Generally, you always want to aim for a battery that can maintain your electrical system for most parts of the day and a 12V electrical system is well suited for most recreational vehicles.
12-volt systems are standard for RVs, as they allow you to run most of the electronic devices in your vehicle. A 12-volt system is powerful enough to power your toaster, television, and microwave for most parts of the day with a full charge.
Best Battery For RV
When it comes to RV batteries, your best bet is going with a deep cycle battery that can handle repeated discharges. Deep cycle batteries have an incredibly long-life cycle and are reliable. If you want to live completely out of your RV, then a deep-cycle battery is the way forward. Make sure you follow the correct deep cycle battery voltage chart to determine the correct metrics for your battery.
If you want to go a step further, then you use a portable power station such as the EcoFlow DELTA MAX and connect it to solar panels. They will ensure that your power stations are being continuously charged when not in use and will further reduce the recharge time.
RV battery voltage meter chart
You can find a wide range of solar panel kits suited for RVs at Shop Solar Kits. We will be able to point you in the right direction regarding what type of system will work best for your RV and installation.
If you prefer researching on your own, then you can always take our one-minute solar quiz to help you decide on a solar panel system.
Conclusion
Battery voltage charts can be difficult to comprehend, especially if you're not familiar with the methods and all the electrical jargon.
Thankfully, it isn't as difficult as you might think. Voltage battery charts are easy to understand and incredibly useful when trying to find out the state of charge of your batteries. By now you should be an expert in these in navigating these charts and determining the SOC of your very own batteries.
To better your knowledge you can always consult other voltage charts such as the marine battery voltage chart and the lithium-ion battery voltage chart for Lithium-ion solar batteries. These are also suitable batteries for RVs.
Remember to always do your research if you are going to purchase batteries for your RV. Each battery type has different functions as you noticed above, and you need to find one that is well-suited to your electrical requirements.
If you need further assistance, then don't be shy to reach out to Shop Solar Kits. We can help you with all your electrical queries and point you in the right direction for suitable batteries and solar panel kits for your RV. Make sure you consult the solar panel voltage chart before deciding on your solar system.
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October 26, 2020
Humanities Day 2020 Migrates to Zoom, Contemplates Crisis
A banner promoting Humanities Day 2010. Humanities Day was held virtually this year because of the ongoing pandemic. Photo by Hannah Hayes of Tableau, the magazine of the division of the humanities at UChicago.
Courtesy of Tableau Magazine
Since 1980, UChicago has welcomed visitors every October for a full day of events, performances, tours, and lectures presented by faculty in the Division of the Humanities. This October 17, the annual tradition celebrated its 40th anniversary, shifting to the virtual sphere in the face of a global pandemic. Rather than rushing from one building to the next to catch each presentation, Humanities Day 2020 visitors attended events remotely through Zoom.
Because it was conducted as a single Zoom webinar, this year's Humanities Day included fewer presentations as different lectures could not be given simultaneously. However, the seven sessions that were scheduled over the course of the day guided viewers through a broad range of topics, including colonialism and crisis, gender dynamics within the Italian Mafia, and the history of the art academy. Additionally, in lieu of the in-person tours often offered by various cultural spaces around campus each year, Humanities Day 2020 compiled links to virtual and video tours made available online by the Smart Museum, the Renaissance Society, the Oriental Institute, and others. What is more, similar to the tours, all of the lectures are now available to watch online.
The day's events commenced with a lecture about and performance of Viktor Ullmann's final musical work, "The Chronicle of Love and Death of the Flag Bearer Christoph Rilke." Based on Rainer Maria Rilke's prose-poem of the same title, the piece was composed by Ullman in 1944 while in the Theresienstadt Ghetto (Terezín) concentration camp; he was murdered at Auschwitz soon after.
The piece was performed by Humanities Collegiate Division lecturer Christine Wilkie Bohlman and professor of Jewish studies Philip V. Bohlman, with the former on piano and the latter reciting the poem, after giving their lecture explaining the piece's history, the technical challenges of performing it, and its significance today for the themes of exile, diaspora, genocide, and mounting nationalism. As they performed, numerous pieces of visual art were displayed on screen, further animating the performance.
While the second lecture of the day also examined creative work accomplished under conditions of crisis, its scope turned towards another part of the world and of history. In his lecture, assistant professor in the Department of English Language and Literature Edgar Garcia shared the research he conducted around the Popol Vuh, the indigenous K'iche' Mayan story of creation, while quarantined six months ago. Having just taught a class about the Popol Vuh last winter, Garcia dove into this work under the anxiety of colonialism, setting it in dialogue with the world's current state of emergency in a forthcoming book of essays.
Garcia studied what the Popol Vuh can teach us about modern-day catastrophes, turning to emergency as a site of socio-political and cultural emergence. Originally passed on through oral tradition, the Popol Vuh was transcribed by the Dominican friar Francisco Ximénez in the 18th century, entering a web of archives and purchases entangling it with the colonial powers devastating its authors, who incorporate their context into its narrative. Describing itself as Ilb'al, or an instrument for seeing, the book associates colonization with a cosmic darkness and the light of creation that disturbs it with a return to indigenous and counter-colonial worlds. As such, creation is revealed as innately linked to human creativity, unmarred by colonial obfuscations. Garcia explained how the transfer of power between colonized and colonizer is just one step in the creation of a world that is fundamentally Mayan.
Just as in previous years, Humanities Day 2020 also included a keynote lecture—this time by the philosopher and professor of law and ethics Martha C. Nussbaum, whose lecture posited an "ethical revolution" in the rights given to and laws legislated around animals. Nussbaum underscored the limitations of previous philosophical approaches to animal entitlement, including the "so like us" and "least common denominator" approaches. One figure she evoked in her arguments was Steven Wise, who, albeit not a philosopher, was a pioneer in animal law and insisted that the line drawn between humans and animals when it comes to personhood and autonomy was irrational and needed rethinking.
Other ideas Nussbaum challenged in her lecture were that of human superiority to animals and the notion that certain animals are deserving of rights due only to their proximity to humans. As the keynote reached its end, Nussbaum introduced her self-pioneered Capabilities Approach, expanding it to encompass and argue for the value and dignity of sentient beings other than humans. Generally, Nussbaum stressed the importance of adopting a worldview which emphasizes the importance of wonder and attunement, the fact that we share this planet with other animals, and that this approach is a direction—not a destination—and doesn't tell us how to address particular areas of conflict.
Later on in the day, professor and the Director of the Italian Language Program Veronica Vegna presented a lecture analyzing the different roles of women within the Italian Mafia and how they are represented in cinema. Citing movies such as Roberta Torre's Angela (2002) and books-turned-series such as Gomorra, Vegna discussed how cinema and other mass media reflect and shape our fundamental understandings of legality and other sociopolitical and economic issues. Putting side-by-side clips from motley movies and sociological studies and statistics, Vegna explored the ways in which women acted as a "two-headed Janus" in the Mafia, both sustaining its existence and acting as a potential threat, should they choose to betray it. And yet, despite their instrumentality, women have historically been rendered invisible in the Mafia, their labors unacknowledged—as in many other areas of society.
Other Humanities Day lectures included a history of art and academia, a group discussion of 21st century democracy, and a panel on "Re-Imagined Communities" which involved several writers reading their recent work.
In spite of the resulting Zoom fatigue, Humanities Day 2020 offered a compelling series of lectures, performances, and readings of contemporary creative work.


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How many parts of a candle can you name? I've been asking that question of random people for the last few days. Most of them name the wick and then dry up. The delivery man looked at me with a blankness that was tinged with suspicion, but if you're a candle connoisseur you can probably already describe a melt pool or a scent throw.
Clockwise from the top:
- Scent throw: The fragrance emitted by a candle. It includes the strength of the fragrance and the effectiveness with which the candle 'throws' the scent around a room. Natural fragrances are as strong as synthetic ones when the candle is under your nose, but are less likely to make it down the corridor. A 'cold throw' is how the fragrance is described when the candle isn't lit and a 'hot throw' is what it emits when it's… hot.
- Hang-up: Part of the wax that's sticking up and hasn't melted. More commonly used when wax is left stuck to the sides of container candles.
- Wick: This is the one everyone knows (except possibly the delivery man). Usually cotton, paper or wood.
- Gutter: A ridge caused by wax running down the side of a candle.
- Jump lines: Small horizontal lines on a candle, also known as "skip lines". Caused by pouring cooling wax into a cold mould so that the wax starts to set during the pour.
- Core: The central section of a candle. Factory-made candles often have a core made from a different kind of wax to the rest of the candle (but dyed to look the same). Some 'soy' candles have a mineral (paraffin) core because mineral wax burns more easily and is easier to wick.
- Bloom: Uneven surface caused when oils in beeswax migrate to the surface and crystallise there. This also happens with soy wax, though crystals on soy are more commonly referred to as 'frosting'. Either can be removed by wiping with a soft cloth. Neither are to be confused with a deliberate rustic look caused by a candle maker cold pouring.
- Melt Pool: the puddle of liquid wax that is drawn up the wick as the candle burns.
So, how did you do?


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Experts Warn Ignoring 'Use-By' Dates on Food Could Make You Sick
Cash-strapped consumers are turning to a rather dangerous way to stretch their food dollars — they're ignoring expiration dates and keeping leftovers in the fridge for longer periods of time.
In a recent survey, the Food Standards Agency in the UK found that one-third of respondents said that rather than throwing something out once it's expired, they rely on the look and smell of the food to gauge how safe it is to eat. And that can be risky.
"With most of us seeing our weekly shopping bills increase over the last few years, we are all looking for ways to get the most out of our shopping budget," said Bob Martin, a food safety expert with the FSA, but he warns, "Bugs like E.coli and Salmonella don't cause food to smell off, even when they may have grown to dangerous levels. So food could look and smell fine but still be harmful."
Andrew Wilson of the British Dietetic Association concurred and added, "A bout of food poisoning is not only unpleasant but could be potentially life threatening. There's no point in taking risks with food safety."


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Issue No.09 - September (1991 vol.17)
pp: 884-899
ABSTRACT

A technique and an environment-supporting specialization of generalized software components are described. The technique is based on symbolic execution. It allows one to transform a generalized software component into a more specific and more efficient component. Specialization is proposed as a technique that improves software reuse. The idea is that a library of generalized components exists and the environment supports a designer in customizing a generalized component when the need arises for reusing it under more restricted conditions. It is also justified as a reengineering technique that helps optimize a program during maintenance. Specialization is supported by an interactive environment that provides several transformation tools: a symbolic executor/simplifier, an optimizer, and a loop refolder. The conceptual basis for these transformation techniques is described, examples of their application are given, and how they cooperate in a prototype environment for the Ada programming language is outlined.

INDEX TERMS
environment-supporting specialization; generalized software components; symbolic execution; software reuse; reengineering technique; maintenance; interactive environment; transformation tools; symbolic executor/simplifier; optimizer; loop refolder; conceptual basis; Ada programming language; Ada; program compilers; software maintenance; software reusability; subroutines
CITATION
A. Coen-Porisini, F. De Paoli, C. Ghezzi, D. Mandrioli, "Software Specialization Via Symbolic Execution", IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol.17, no. 9, pp. 884-899, September 1991, doi:10.1109/32.92907
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XSL Java
This exercise covers the exploitation of a Java application using XSL
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In this challenge, we are going to look at Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) and how it can be used to trigger unexpected behaviors in applications leveraging them, specifically in a Java application. To solve this challenge, you will need to gain command execution. This involves leveraging the 'xsl:variable' tag to access the current 'Runtime', which will allow you to call the method 'exec' with the desired command.
The process starts with uploading an XSL file to transform the given XML. By creating an object from 'rt:getRuntime()', you can get the current runtime. Using this runtime object, you can call 'exec' with your command. This method is effectively demonstrated in the video, where the command is replaced with the score command, uploaded, and executed, ultimately solving the challenge.
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Depth micrometer/depth indicator
A Depth Gage, also known as a depth micrometer or depth indicator, is a precision measuring tool used to measure the depth of a hole, recess, or slot in a workpiece. Depth gages come in various shapes and sizes, but they typically consist of a rod or blade that is attached to a measuring device, such as a micrometer or dial indicator.
To use a depth gage, the rod or blade is inserted into the hole or slot to be measured, and the measurement is taken by reading the scale or dial on the measuring device. Depth gages are commonly used in manufacturing, engineering, and construction industries to ensure accurate measurements of depth and to ensure that workpieces meet specific dimensional requirements.
They are often used in conjunction with other measuring tools, such as calipers and micrometers, to achieve precise measurements.


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This article deals with wireless model predictive control of a water-level control system. The objective of the model predictive control algorithm is to constrain the control signal inside saturation limits and maintain the water level around the desired level. Linear modeling of any nonlinear plant leads to parameter uncertainties and non-modeled dynamics in the linearized mathematical model. These uncertainties induce a steady-state error in the output response of the water level. To eliminate this steady-state error and increase the robustness of the control algorithm, an integral action is included in the closed loop. To control the water-level system remotely, the communication between the controller and the process is performed using radio channel. To validate the proposed scheme, simulation and real-time implementation of the algorithm have been conducted, and the results show the effectiveness of wireless model predictive control with integral action.
Wireless Model predictive control: Application to water level system
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Advances in mechanical engineering,


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(990 lb), a shoulder height of 1.6 m (5.2 ft) and total length of 3.8 m (12 ft). Until it was domesticated into extinction the wild horse (E. ferus) was the largest equid. Domestic horses can reach a maximum weight of 1,524 kg (3,360 lb) and shoulder height of 2.2 m (7.2 ft), probably far greater than the sizes attained by the wild horse. The largest prehistoric horse was Equus giganteus of North America. It was estimated to grow around the same size as the aforementioned domestic horse.
- The largest of the tapirs is the Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus), the only member of the family outside of South America. Maximum size is about 2.5 m (8 ft) in length, 1.8 m (3.5 ft) tall at the shoulder, and up to 540 kg (1,200 lb) in weight.
- The largest land mammal ever was Paraceratherium or Indricotherium (formerly known as the Baluchitherium), a member of this order. The largest known species (Paraceratherium orgosensis) is believed to have stood up to 5.5 m (18 ft) tall, measured over 9 m (30 ft) long and may have weighed up to 20 tonnes.
- Pangolins (Pholidota)
- The largest species of scaly anteater is the giant pangolin (Manis gigantea), at up to 1.7 m (5.8 ft) and at least 40 kg (88 lb).
- Anteaters and sloths (Pilosa)
- The largest species is easily the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). A large adult can weigh as much as 65 kg (143 lb), be over 0.6 m (2.0 ft) tall at the shoulder and measure 2.4 m (8 ft) in overall length.
- The largest living sloths are the Linnaeus's (Choloepus didactylus) and Hoffmann's two-toed sloths (C. hoffmanni), which both can range up to 10 kg (22 lb) and 0.86 m (2.8 ft) long.
- The sloths attained much larger sizes prehistorically, the largest of which were Megatherium which, at an estimated average weight of 4.5 tonnes and standing height of 5.1 m (17 ft), was about the same size as the African bush elephant.
- Primates (Primates)
- The gorillas (Gorilla gorilla & G. beringei) are the most massive living primates. The largest race is the eastern lowland gorilla (G. b. graueri), with males average 140–200 kg (310–440 lb), 1 m (3.3 ft) tall at the shoulder while on all fours and 1.65–1.75 m (5.4–5.7 ft) tall when standing. The tallest wild gorilla (from the Mountain gorilla race, G. b. beringei) stood 1.94 m (6.6 ft) and the heaviest wild one massed 266 kg (590 lb), although heavier weights have been observed in captivity. The great ape Gigantopithecus, which lived in Asia between 1 million and 300,000 years ago, is the largest primate known to have existed. It was estimated to stand 3 m (10 ft) tall and to weigh up to 550 kg (1200 lb).
- The largest of the Old World monkeys is the Mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx) with large males being up to 50 kg (110 lb), 90 cm (3 ft) long and 50 cm (20 in) at the shoulders. The prehistoric baboon Dinopithecus grew even larger than modern Mandrills, weighing as much as a grown man.
- The largest New World monkey is the Southern Muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides), up to 15 kg (33 lb) and 1.6 m (5.2 ft) in total length.
- The largest lemur is the Indri (Indri indri) which can weigh up to 12 kg (26 lb) and 90 cm (3 ft) in total length, though one fossil lemur, Archaeoindris, was gorilla-sized at 200 kg (440 lb).
- Humans can attain weights of up to 636 kg (1400 lb) as well as heights of up to 2.72 m (8.9 ft), however, these are cases of morbid obesity, tumor, gigantism or other medical malady. However, even when not afflicted with gigantism, humans are the tallest living primates.
- Elephants, mammoths, and mastodons (Proboscidea)
- The African bush elephant, with an average weight of around 5 tonnes, is the largest extant member of the order Proboscidea. Extinct species did not generally dwarf it but some could grow somewhat larger, including the Steppe mammoth (M. trogontherii) of Asia and Elephas recki of Africa, each of these species possibly exceeding a shoulder height of 4.6 m (15 ft) and 12 tonnes in weight.
- Deinotherium giganteum rivaled those proboscideans in size, and was the largest member of its family (Deinotheriidae).
- Rodents (Rodentia)
- The largest living rodent is the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), native to most of the tropical and temperate parts of South America east of the Andes, always near water. Full-grown capybaras can reach 1.5 m (4.9 ft) long and 0.9 m (3.0 ft) tall at the shoulder and a maximum weight of 105.4 kg (232 lb).
- The second largest living rodent is the North American beaver (Castor canadensis), which favors water perhaps even more than its larger cousin. Outsized male beaver specimens have been recorded up to 50 kg (110 lb), which is about twice the normal weight for a beaver, and 1.7 m (5.6 ft) in total length. The Eurasian beaver (C. fiber) is close to the same average size, but is known to top out around a mass of 31.7 kg (70 lb). The largest of this family is the extinct Giant Beaver of North America. It grew over 8 ft (2.4 m) in length and weighed roughly 60 to 100 kg (130 to 220 lb), also making it one of the largest rodents to ever exist.
- The largest species in the squirrel family is the hoary marmot (Marmota caligata) of the Pacific Northwest, at up to 13.5 kg (30 lb) and 0.8 m (2.6 ft) long.
- The largest porcupines is are Cape Porcupine (Hystrix africaeaustralis)of Central Africa 63 to 81 centimetres (25 to 32 inches) long from the head to the base of the tail, with the tail adding a further 11–20 centimetres (4.3–7.9 inches). They weigh from 10 to 24 kilograms (22 to 53 pounds), with exceptionally large specimens weighing up to 30 kg (66 lb); males and females are not significantly different in size.
- The largest Muroid is the Gambian Pouched Rat of Africa. It grows up to 1 m (3.3 ft) in total length and can weight up to 4 kg (9 lb).
- The largest known rodent ever is Josephoartigasia monesi, an extinct species known only from fossils found in Uruguay. It was approximately 3 m (10 ft) long and 1.5 m (4.9 ft) tall, and is estimated to have weighed 1.5–2.5 tonnes. Prior to the description of J. monesi, the largest known rodent species were from the genus Phoberomys, of which two species have been discovered. An almost complete skeleton of the slightly smaller Late Miocene species, Phoberomys pattersoni, was discovered in Venezuela in 2000; it was approximately 3 m (10 ft) long, with an additional 1.5 m (5 ft) tail, and probably weighed around 700 kg (1,540 lb).
- Tree shrews (Scandentia)
- The largest of the tree shrews seems to be the common treeshrew (Tupaia glis), at up to 187 g (6.6 oz) and 40 cm (17 in).
- Dugongs and manatees (Sirenia)
- The largest living species in the order Sirenia of dugongs and manatees is the West Indian Manatee (Trichechus manatus). The largest manatees are found in the Florida subspecies. The maximum recorded size of this species was 1,655 kg (3,650 lb) and a total length of 4.6 m (15 ft).
- The extinct Steller's Sea Cow (Hydrodamalis gigas) was the largest


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Fine-tuning orbitals by breaking symmetry
"Tuning" the structure and composition of Transition-metal Oxides (TMO) gives researchers new insights into their behavior and potential for practical applications in electronics and materials science.
By using the XSD 33-ID-D,E beamline at the APS researchers are now controlling and manipulating orbital properties of TMO.
We experimentally demonstrate a novel approach to substantially modify orbital occupations and symmetries in electronically correlated oxides. In contrast to methods using strain or confinement, this orbital tuning is achieved by exploiting charge transfer and inversion symmetry breaking using atomically layered heterostructures. We illustrate the technique in the LaTiO3−LaNiO3−LaAlO3 system; a combination of x-ray absorption spectroscopy and ab initio theory reveals electron transfer and concomitant polar fields, resulting in a ∼50% change in the occupation of Ni d orbitals.
This change is sufficiently large to remove the orbital degeneracy of bulk LaNiO3 and creates an electronic configuration approaching a single-band Fermi surface. Furthermore, we theoretically show that such three-component heterostructuring is robust and tunable by choice of insulator in the heterostructure, providing a general method for engineering orbital configurations and designing novel electronic systems.
Ankit S. Disa, Divine P. Kumah, Andrei Malashevich, Hanghui Chen, Dario A. Arena, Eliot D. Specht, Sohrab Ismail-Beigi, F. J. Walker, and Charles H. Ahn, "Orbital Engineering in Symmetry-Breaking Polar Heterostructures," Physical Review Letters 114, 026801. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.026801, Published January 12, 2015.


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Kejin Wang, Yogiraj Sargam, Kyle Riding, Mahmoud Faytarouni, Charles Jahren, Jay Shen
Computer programs, Concrete bridges, Cracking, Mass concrete, Temperature
The early-age thermal development in mass concrete has a significant impact on the performance and long-term serviceability of mass concrete structures, such as bridge foundations. Great efforts have been made on predicting and controlling the thermal development in mass concrete. ConcreteWorks has been increasingly used for this purpose. However, previous research in Iowa indicated that, although user-friendly, the public ConcreteWorks program has some features that do not fit Iowa concrete well. The present research aimed at modifying the ConcreteWorks software for Iowa's use, particularly for the prediction of thermal behavior of mass concrete elements with a smallest dimension of 6.5 feet or less. In this study, the input and output parameters of ConcreteWorks that need to be modified for Iowa's use were identified. The key properties (heat of hydration, thermal conductivity, mechanical properties, etc.) of typical Iowa concrete mixes required by ConcreteWorks for thermal predictions were tested. The Iowa environmental data and Iowa Department of Transportation (DOT) temperature differential limits were incorporated into the modified ConcreteWorks program. An initial soil temperature model was added. Thermal analyses were conducted on a real-time mass concrete project (the I-35 NB to US 30 WB [Ramp H] bridge) using both the unmodified and modified ConcreteWorks software as well as 4C-Temp&Stress software, and the predicted temperature developments were compared with those monitored from the field site. The results indicate that the modified ConcreteWorks software predicts the early-age temperature profile, maturity, and strength of Iowa mass concrete quite well. As many default data in the public ConcreteWorks software are replaced with Iowa concrete values, the modified software is even more user-friendly and reliable for Iowa's use. A hands-on workshop on learning how to use ConcreteWorks was welcomed by Iowa engineers. Recommendations are made in this report for effective use of the modified ConcreteWorks software in Iowa and for further research in this area.


text: Initial position and magnet polarity estimation is required for smooth start-up of permanent magnet synchronous machines. The signal-to-noise ratio of the salient signals used for initial position and magnet polarity estimation depends on the machine design and affects the overall performance of the estimation technique. This paper investigates the design of a ring-magnet, surface permanent magnet synchronous machine to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio of the position and polarity signals without compromising the machine performance. Since the rotor geometry is fixed given the ring-magnet, the effect of the stator tooth tip geometry on the saliency signals is evaluated using finite element analysis. By adding a bridge between the stator teeth, the magnitude of the polarity-based signal can be increased significantly. A coupled simulation verifies the implementation of the improved initial position and magnet polarity estimation based on modified machine design.


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This press release is available in German.
Fog is an atmospheric phenomenon that afflicts millions of drivers every day, impairing visibility and increasing the risk of an accident. The ways people respond to conditions of reduced visibility is a central topic in vision research. It has been shown that people tend to underestimate speeds when visibility is reduced equally at all distances, as for example, when driving with a uniformly fogged windshield. But what happens when the visibility decreases as you look further into the distance, as happens when driving in true fog? New research by Paolo Pretto at the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics in Tübingen published in eLife, reveals that people tend to overestimate their speed when driving in fog-like conditions and therefore naturally tend to drive at a slower pace.
Poor visibility conditions affect millions of drivers around the world. Thousands of them die each year in a car accident. Excessive speed constitutes a major causal factor for these car accidents. For the first time Paolo Pretto and his fellow scientists, in the department for Human Perception, Cognition and Action of Heinrich Bülthoff at the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics in Tübingen, Germany, showed how fog biases speed perception and revealed the perceptual mechanisms underlying this bias, providing important insights into the human visual system. In particular, they showed that contrarily to what was previously believed, speed is overestimated in fog, because visibility is poorer in the central than in the peripheral area of the visual field. The researchers also show that the behavioural consequence of this speed overestimation is a natural tendency to drive at a slower pace.
Using a new approach Paolo Pretto and his colleagues performed a series of experiments involving experienced drivers and high-quality virtual reality simulations. "We have shown that speed can also be overestimated at a low contrast of the surrounding scenery when driving a car", explains the psychologist. "This occurs notably when contrast is not reduced uniformly for all objects of the visual scene, but proportionally to their distance from the viewer, as is the case in fog." In one experiment drivers were presented with two different driving scenes and asked to guess which scene was moving faster. In the reference scene the car was driving at a fixed speed through a landscape under conditions of clear visibility. In the test scene it was moving through the same landscape, again at a fixed speed, but with the visibility reduced in various ways.
The experiments showed that drivers overestimated speeds in fog-like conditions, and underestimated them when the reduction in visibility did not depend on distance. Further experiments confirmed that these perceptions had an influence on driving behaviour: drivers recorded an average speed of 85 kilometres per hour when the visibility was good. This dropped to 70 kilometres per hour in severe fog. However, when visibility was reduced equally at all distances like in a fogged windshield instead of fogged surroundings, the average driving speed increased to 100 kilometres per hour.
Based on previous work, the scientists developed the theory that the perception of speed is influenced by the relative speeds of the visible regions in the scene. When looking directly into the fog, visibility is strongly reduced in the distant regions, where the relative motion is slow. Yet, it is preserved in the near regions, where the motion is fast. This visibility gradient would lead to speed overestimation. To test this theory, they repeated their experiments with new drivers under three different conditions: good visibility, fog, and an artificial situation called "anti-fog" in which visibility is poor in the near regions and improves as you look further into the distance. As predicted, the estimated speed was lower in anti-fog than in clear visibility and fog.
Conversely, the driving speed was 100 kilometres per hour in anti-fog, compared with 70 kilometres per hour in good visibility and 50 kilometres per hour in fog.
Overall the results show that the perception of speed is influenced by spatial variations in visibility, and they strongly suggest that this is due to the relative speed contrast between the visible and covert areas within the scene. Therefore, drivers should better listen to their visual system when it prompts them to decelerate in foggy weather.
Pretto P., Bresciani J.-P., Rainer G., Bülthoff H. H. (2012) Foggy perception slows us down. eLife. doi: 10.7554/eLife.00031.001
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


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- grammar - Im here or I have been here - English Language...
I'm here for 10 minutes or I have been here for 10 Minutes what is the meaning of two sentences Stack Exchange Network Stack Exchange network consists of 174 Q A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers
- grammar - Has have been vs was were - English Language...
I'm exhausted because I've been in meetings all day was would also be acceptable, but I don't think it's as common in this case But if it was in the more distant past, you must use was: I didn't get any writing done yesterday because I was stuck in meetings all day It would be wrong to use have been here
- English Grammar – BEING BEEN · engVid
In the first example of 'been',you wrote: he has been to Alaska I hope here,you used the verb 'been' as main verb and 'has' as auxiliary verb here,does the verb 'been' mean 'stayed' or 'lived'
- Present perfect continuous ( I have been working...
from English Grammar Today (I'm still reading it ) He's been living in the village since 1995 (He is still living in the village ) She has been writing her autobiography since 1987 (The language of party food) December 19, 2018 Read More New Words laze noun December 24, 2018
- How to Answer How long have you been here? Present Perfect English Grammar Lesson
How to Answer "How long have you been here?" Present Perfect English Grammar Lesson How language shapes the way we What is the difference between I was there and I had been there Learn
- Is this sentence grammatically correct, This would have...
The two forms in simple brackets [had not been] and [would not have been] are the ones that are hardest for English Language Learners to master The first one involves an imaginary action or state of being in the past
- How to Use have been has been had been in English
How to Use "have been" "has been" "had been" in English Go Natural English teenager and it does not use very complicated language have you been here?" Present Perfect English Grammar
- I been or I've been? - English Language Usage
Questions on English Language Usage Stack Exchange are expected to relate to English language and usage within the scope defined by the community Consider editing the question or leaving comments for improvement if you believe the question can be reworded to fit within the scope Read more about reopening questions here


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Pacific Northwest cemeteries have a wide variety of military markers for every conflict since the Civil War. Sometimes, the smaller cemeteries are those with the greatest number of veterans.
Take George Kelley, one of the integral founders of Fall City, WA.
According to Jack's History of Fall City, George Kelley was part of Company 1, 64th regiment of the Illinois Volunteers. This regiment saw first-hand action at the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain, the siege of Atlanta and Sherman's March to the Sea, an infamous campaign that began with Sherman's troops leaving Atlanta, Georgia on November 15 and ending with the capture of the port of Savannah on December 21.
Kelley later participated in a military Grand Review in front of President Lincoln.


Maryland Department of Natural Resources
Seismic Network Components
The seismic network consists of a remote sensing station, equipment to transmit and receive data, a computer to log and display the data and an Internet connection to distribute the data. Signals from the seismometer are sent via a transmitter at Soldiers Delight to a receiver on the roof of the MGS building. From the rooftop receiver, the data signal is sent to a dedicated computer for processing, display and storage. The data is then made available on the Internet from our World Wide Web site.
Seismic network data path
Data Collection and Processing
The Maryland Seismic Network uses a variety of software to collect, analyze and display data. Some of this software was developed by MGS, and some came from other sources. Earth movements are detected by the seismometer and converted to a digital signal by the instrument's internal digitizer. The digitizer also compresses the data before it is transmitted to the Survey laboratories. The digitizer uses internal, proprietary software for these tasks. When the digital signal arrives at the Survey it is decompressed and made available to our network by SCREAM! software. This software is available from Guralp Systems
The raw data output by SCREAM! is processed by Earthworm software, available from USGS Earthworm Development Group. Earthworm provides several services for seismic data processing. One of the primary functions of Earthworm is to store seismic data from SCREAM!. Earthworm stores the data in a large file on a hard drive disk. Because the data is constantly being transmitted and stored, and there is a finite amount of disk space for storage, only a certain amount of data can be stored. Therefore, the most recent data received is stored and data older than some chosen date is discarded from the disk file. This kind of data storage file is called a circular buffer. The circular buffer for Earthworm data is refereed to as the wave ring. Thus the primary function of Earthworm is to create and maintain a wave ring.Earthworm also imports seismic data from other institutions into our wave ring. Any data in the wave ring is available for distribution, analysis and display.
MGS exports wave ring data to the Lamont-Doherty cooperative seismic network for analysis.


Category:Lonar crater lake
Lonar Lake, which was created by a meteor hitting the Earth, is a saltwater lake in Buldhana district, Maharashtra, India. The crater thereby formed is the only en:hypervelocity meteoritic impact crater on basalt rock. A lake that evolved in the resulting basaltic rock formation, is both saline and alkaline in nature. Geologists, ecologists, archaeologists, naturalists and astronomers have reported several studies on the various aspects of this crater lake ecosystem. The crater's age is estimated to be 52,000 ± 6,000 years (Pleistocene). It is the second largest impact crater in basaltic rock and is partially filled by a salt water lake. 19°58′36″N 76°30′30″E / 19.97667°N 76.50833°E / 19.97667; 76.50833
This category has only the following subcategory.
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The next computer-generated animals in King Kong or The Lion King could look a lot more realistic thanks to a breakthrough by computer scientists at the University of California.
The researchers from UC San Diego and UC Berkeley developed a method that dramatically improves the way computers simulate fur, and more specifically, the way light bounces within an animal's pelt.
The team recently presented their findings at the SIGGRAPH Asia conference in Thailand.
"Our model generates much more accurate simulations and is 10 times faster than the state of the art," said Ravi Ramamoorthi, one of the paper's senior authors and the director of the Center for Visual Computing at UC San Diego.
The method could be applied to everything from video games, to computer-generated special effects, to computer-animated movies.
One issue with existing models is that they were designed to create computer-generated hair, and do not work well for fur. That's because most of these models don't take into account the central cylinder, or medulla, present in each fur fiber. The medulla in fur is much bigger than in human hair and the passage of light and its scattering through that cylinder is very important to fur appearance. So far, most researchers have ignored the medulla and built models that follow a ray of light as it bounces from one fur fiber to the next. As a result, existing models require a tremendous amount of computation and are both expensive and slow.
By contrast, the UC San Diego and UC Berkeley researchers used a concept called subsurface scattering to quickly approximate how light bounces around fur fibers. Essentially, subsurface scattering describes how light enters the surface of a translucent object, like hair or fur, at one point; scatters at various angles; interacts with the object's material; and then exits the object at a different point. This concept is well understood and often used in simulations in the fields of computer graphics and computer vision.
In real life, you can observe subsurface scattering by turning on your smart phone's flashlight and covering it with your finger in a room where the lights have been dimmed. You will see a ring of light, because the light has entered through your finger, scattered inside and then gone back out. (The light is red because it is not absorbed by the body, unlike green and blue light.)
To apply the properties of subsurface scattering to fur fibers, researchers used a neural network.
"We are converting the properties of subsurface scattering to fur fibers," said Ph.D. student Ling-Qi Yan, from UC Berkeley, who worked on the study under the direction of UC San Diego computer science professors Ravi Ramamoorthi and Henrik Wann Jensen. "There is no explicit physical or mathematical way to make this conversion. So we needed to use a neural network to connect these two different worlds."
The neural network only needed to be trained with one scene before being able to apply subsurface scattering to all the different scenes it was presented. This resulted in simulations running 10 times faster than state of the art.