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Last Modified: 21.03.2022
Logic for LIMIT
Intuitive standby for LIMIT logic:
 $iblockEntity = IblockTable::compileEntity(…);

 $query = $iblockEntity->getDataClass()::query()
 ->addSelect('NAME')
 ->addSelect('MULTI_PROP_1')
 ->setLimit(5);
 $elements = $query->fetchCollection();
You may not expect to get 5 items in this example. The retrieved data limit is indicated at the SQL query level, not at the object level:
 SELECT ... FROM 'b_iblock_element'
 LEFT JOIN 'b_iblock_element_property' ...
 LIMIT 5
In fact, retrieving 5 property values with corresponding items results in error. That's why the retrieved selection may contain less than 5 items, or a single item without partially fetched property values.
Field selection for relations in a single query
Selecting several relation fields in a single query results in Cartesian join for all records. For example:
 $iblockEntity = IblockTable::compileEntity(…);

 $query = $iblockEntity->getDataClass()::query()
 ->addSelect('NAME')
 ->addSelect('MULTI_PROP_1')
 ->addSelect('MULTI_PROP_2')
 ->addSelect('MULTI_PROP_3');

 $elements = $query->fetchCollection();
Executes the following query:
 SELECT ... FROM 'b_iblock_element'
 LEFT JOIN 'b_iblock_element_property' ... // 15 property values
 LEFT JOIN 'b_iblock_element_property' ... // 7 property values
 LEFT JOIN 'b_iblock_element_property' ... // 11 property values
And if intuitively it seems that 15 + 7 + 11 = 33 strings are retrieved, in fact, retrieves 15 * 7 * 11 = 1155 strings. In cases when query contains a lot more properties or values, the resulting records count can be in millions, subsequently leading to the insufficient app's memory for getting a complete result.
Solving the issues
To avoid such issues, the following class Bitrix\Main\ORM\Query\QueryHelper was added along with a universal method decompose:
 /**
 ** Query decomposition with relations 1:N and N:M
 **
 ** @param Query $query
 ** @param bool $fairLimit. Setting this option first selects object IDs and the following query selects the rest of data with ID filter
 ** @param bool $separateRelations. Each 1:N or N:M relation is selected using separate queries under this option
 ** @return Collection
 **/
 public static function decompose(Query $query, $fairLimit = true, $separateRelations = true)
Parameter fairLimit leads to two queries: first, selects record primary with query-defined Limit / Offset, and then all relations are selected by a single query for all primary.
Additional parameter separateRelations allows executing a separate query per each relation, to avoid Cartesian join for all records.
Returns a complete object collection with already merged data as the result.
Courses developed by Bitrix24


text:
INHERITANCE OF BITTERNESS IN CUCUMBER
Three cucumber inbred lines with different types of bitterness: bitter in both foliage and fruit (BiBiBtBt), bitterfree in both foliage and fruit (bibibtbt), and bitter in foliage only (BiBibtbt,) were used as materials to examine the segregation ratios of the F1, F2, and BC1 progeny. The results showed that the genes controlling foliage bitterness, Bi and bi, act independently of those controlling fruit bitterness, Bt and bt, and that bi is epistatically recessive to Bt. Fruits are also bitter when Bi and bi are heterozygous, even in the absence of Bt, although the extent of bitterness is less than that caused by Bt, and the proportion of bitter fruit is lower.
Xingfang, G., Shengping, Z., Yanmei, G. and Caiqing, X. (2007). INHERITANCE OF BITTERNESS IN CUCUMBER. Acta Hortic. 731, 67-70
cucumber, bitterness, inheritance

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The final draft of this project represents a response approach to flooding events on the Cape Flats. These
events have drastic impacts such as loss of human life and economic loss. The response approach was divided
into three stages, where the first stage disaster groups were formed by using an axis system approach. In the
second stage LINGO was used to allocate identified relief centres to the disaster groups. LINGO was also used
in stage three where a routing strategy and supply amount was calculated to each of the disaster groups. By
integrating these three stages an optimal total system approach was created. Humanitarian crises need to be
responded to as quick as possible and by creating an approach beforehand will allow goal to be reached. The
presented approach indicates who should respond to which disaster group, how to respond and how much to
supply to the affected areas on the Cape Flats.
Thesis (B Eng. (Industrial and Systems Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2009.


text:
SIPOC is a tool used to determine the inputs and outputs of a process.
SIPOC is an acronym and it stands for:
A SIPOC is created for a number of reasons including to:
Creating a SIPOC is simple. Draw the following grid on a flip-chart or white board:
With a team of process experts in the room, start asking questions such as those below. There may be overlap but the point is to get the conversation flowing and gather all of the required information. As the answers come in list them under the appropriate heading. As to 'Process' map this out at a high level, the key stages, five to seven steps is best.
An easy way to get the conversation flowing is to use open ended questions. The 5 Whys and the 5Ws and 1H are ideal tools to use here.
In This Section:
For all enquiries please get in touchContact Us


text:
A.V.Feschenko, V.A. Moiseev (Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow 117312, Russia)
Operation and parameters of Bunch Shape Monitors, using the coherent transformation of the temporal structure of an analyzed beam into a spatial distribution of low energy secondary electrons emitted from a wire target, is influenced by the beam under study. The electromagnetic field of a bunch disturbs the trajectories and energy of the secondary electrons, resulting in degradation of phase resolution and errors of phase position measurement. This effect has been studied in quasi-static approximation. Another effect is variation of the target potential due to current in the wire target induced by the bunch and due to the wire current compensating the emission of secondary electrons. A transmission line model has been used to estimate the effect. The results of simulations of the above effects for variety of typical parameters of ion linacs are presented and discussed.
Comments or Questions to


text:
My Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology says
imaginary animal invented by 'Lewis Carroll' (C.L. Dodgson) in 'The Hunting of the Snark', 1876.
Is that it? There's gotta be more to it than that! snark meaning "to snort" dates from 1866 according to the Online Etymology Dictionary, but I don't know the source of this. This easily predates 1875, when most of the poem was written (at least according to The Life of Lewis Carroll by Florence Becker Lennon, 1962).
Sources agree that snarky, meaning "crotchety, snappish" or "irritable or short-tempered; irascible", is derived from the verb snark "to annoy" or "to nag". The earliest citation for snarky is from Edith Nesbit in 1906.
1906 E. NESBIT Railway Children ii. 49 Don't be snarky, Peter. It isn't our fault.
Since words tend to show up in speech before they show up in writing, it is possible that snarky was around when Carroll wrote his poem. Or snark, for which the earliest citation is from 1882.
snark, 2. intr. and trans. To find fault (with), to nag. 1882 Jamieson's Sc. Dict. IV. 314/2 To Snark,..to fret, grumble, or find fault with one. 1904 E. NESBIT Phœnix & Carpet x. 185 He remembered how Anthea had refrained from snarking him about tearing the carpet.
There are two possible derivations for snark. According to Merriam-Webster, snark "to annoy" is perhaps an alternation of nark "to irritate". (More about nark below). The American Heritage Dictionary says of snarky: "From dialectal snark, to nag, from snark, snork, to snore, snort, from Dutch and Low German snorken, of imitative origin."
Fernando Soto, in The Consumption of the Snark and the Decline of Nonsense: A Medico-Linguistic Reading of Carroll's 'Fitful Agony' (in The Carrollian 8) mentions the word snarker "a cinder", as in "The cake's burnt to a snarker" (from The English Dialect Dictionary (vols. V), p. 572).
It's been long debated how LC came up with the word, it may be a portmanteau of shark & snail, perhaps "flavored" by a (collective) unconscious germanic memory?
There are many Germanic words containing the phonestheme snand having to do with the nose. Pokorny connects snorken with Proto-Indo-European *sner- "expressive root of various verbs for making noises". This is the source of German schnarren "to buzz", and also snorkel from German schnarchen "to snore", snarl from Middle Low German snarren, sneer, and perhaps Norn, from Old Norse (as in "the whisperer"). And also Norwegian-Swedish snerka "to snort", Swedish snurka "to groan", Old Norse snǫrgla "to groan", Norwegian-Swedish snarva "to growl, bare one's teeth".
There is also *snu-, a form limited to Germanic languages, and imitative of words connected with the nose. This apparently gives us snot, snout, schnoz, snuffle, sniff, snip, snap, snub, and snatch. To make things even more confusing, snore, snort and sneeze are from PIE *pneu- "to breathe" - Old English fnora and fnēosan. Compare Old Norse fnȳsa "to pant, sniff, snort", Middle High German pfnusen "to pant, sniff, snort, sneeze".
The snphonestheme could have influenced Carroll's choice, but unfortunately the poem is silent on the subject of the Snark's nose, and lacks any other snwords in connection with the Snark (altho the Bandersnatch's jaws "Went savagely snapping around").
The Urban Dictionary says of snark: "Combination of "snide" and "remark". Sarcastic comment(s)." But I'd trust the Urban Dictionary as far as I'd trust a very untrustworthy thing.
Now, nark. This is the other possible source of snark "to annoy", if it's not derived from snorken. Wordorigins has a good history of nark. The Oxford Dictionary of Modern Slang (1993) says (I'm omitting the first sense because it's "mainly Austral and NZ"):
2 Brit a A police informer or decoy. 1860-.
b A policeman. 1861-.
verb 3 trans. To annoy, exasperate; often in passive 1888-.
4 trans. To stop; mainly in imperative in the phr. nark it. 1889-.
6 intr. To complain, grumble. 1916-.
[From Romany nāk nose.]
Wordorigins points out that the derivation from Romani is problematic, but that it is the most likely one. Romani nāk would be related to Hindi नाक nāk, Prakrit ṇakka, and Sanskrit नर्क narka, all meaning "nose". Probably also Sindhi نَڪُ naku, Kashmiri नाख् nākh, Panjabi ਨੱਕ nakk, Gujarati નાક nāk.
According to Watkins, these are all from Indic *nakka-, an expressive form of PIE *nas- "nose", which makes nark cognate with nose! Compare Sanskrit नस् nas, Latin nāsum, German nüschen "to dig with the snout", English nose, nuzzle, Russian нюхать njuxat' "to snuffle, sniff, smell".
Snarkskii seems to be a Slavic surname, for which the American spelling might be Snarsky.
The Snark Avenue Theatre shows late-night movies in Daniel Pinkwater's novels The Snarkout Boys and the Avacado of Death and The Snarkout Boys and the Baconburg Horror. "Snarking out" means sneaking out in the middle of the night to watch movies. Also check out Lizard Music - no snarks, but a great book.
Nothing conclusive, so no conclusion.
Then the bowsprit got mixed with the rudder sometimes:
A thing, as the Bellman remarked,
That frequently happens in tropical climes,
When a vessel is, so to speak, "snarked."
Update: more snarkian etymology.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Minnesota Department of Transportation EnvironMentor Systems
This project developed a comprehensive, multimedia "expert system" on CD-ROM that enables novices and professionals to become knowledgeable and successful in selecting appropriate plants for challenging roadside sites and landscapes in Minnesota. This interactive system helps educate users to avoid common, costly, and hazardous mistakes in landscaping. It saves time, money, and resources in making informed decisions that contribute to improved success and more sustainable landscape systems. The database correlates 650 woody and herbaceous plants with up to 49 distinct fields of query information, multiple color photos of each plant's distinguishing characteristics, and Minnesota range maps for native woody plants. The project team formed numerous collaborations and partnerships to develop this product while ensuring cost-effectiveness and the opportunity to make future project development self-sustaining. The efforts of this group and the use of this "expert system" have influenced improved transportation and the general landscaping plant selection, restoration, and management in Minnesota.
Minnesota Department of Transportation
EnvironMentor Systems Michael Max


text:
Research England's second iteration of new and enhanced KEF dashboards, passes another major milestone as it builds on positive feedback on the first version.
Knowledge Exchange Framework (KEF) is already regarded positively in higher education, improving the status of knowledge exchange, driving strategic and evolved approaches, and helping to improve data. It is also generally regarded as a sound approach, with new features introduced today.
These new features provide even better public information on the rich and diverse ways English universities continue to engage with society and our economy, locally, nationally, and internationally.
KEF2 uses updated data and an evolved methodology to examine the performance of English higher education providers (HEPs) from a variety of different perspectives.
New features for KEF2 further demonstrate that regardless of the type of activity that a university may specialise or excel in, this is reflected in their final results.
KEF2 provides a more accurate picture of how universities perform across the sector while preserving the considered and tested model developed alongside the sector.
The new dashboards are available on the KEF's interactive website.
Delivering economic and social impact
Building on the successes of the first iteration of the KEF, KEF2 continues to demonstrate the range of valuable activities universities conduct with external partners across seven perspectives. These perspectives include:
- public and community engagement
- working with partners ranging from big businesses to small local firms
- how they commercialise home-grown research.
It also demonstrates the diversity of universities that support the government's key national and global priorities through these activities.
The KEF is recognised by the government as 'valuable to capture contributions to economic growth, such as place and civic contributions' and plays an important part in driving forward these agendas.
David Sweeney CBE, Executive Chair of Research England, said:
Knowledge exchange is integral to the mission and purpose of our universities, and its importance in contributing to societal and economic prosperity is strongly supported by the government.
Today's new version of the KEF takes further forward the vision and potential of KE activity, providing richer evidence to demonstrate universities' strengths in different areas when set alongside their peers.
This technical evolution of the first iteration of KEF dashboards includes:
- an evolved methodology
- updates to the current metrics
- enhanced presentation of the results.
These changes were designed following a deep-dive review of the first iteration with the sector to further improve the robustness of the results. KEF1 dashboards were published in March 2021.
For the first time, KEF2 includes university activity conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic.
It takes into account the KEF's underlying data and insights from the UCI Policy Evidence Unit at the University of Cambridge. And its results highlight the remarkable resilience of the English higher education sector during a period of disruption and instability.
In particular, activity levels have been maintained across a breadth of KE in order to support the UK's economic and societal recovery from the pandemic.
In KEF2, encouraging signs of growing success are emerging particularly in the perspectives for intellectual property and commercialisation and research partnerships.
The core principles underpinning KEF2 however remain largely unchanged, drawing on the successes of the first iteration as a novel framework in KE.
Significantly, the KEF compares institutions on a like-for-like basis, with similar institutions being grouped together with their peers in 'KE clusters'.
This is a fair and balanced approach that avoids making unhelpful comparisons between incomparable institutions.
Clustering has been instrumental in demonstrating the value of universities of all sizes and specialisms and their contributions to the UK economy.
KEF results are determined by taking data covering a wide range of a university's activities and using this to form a series of metrics.
These then go into seven perspectives, and updated for the second iteration, a university receives a quintile score for each perspective displayed in relation to the average for its cluster.
The KEF website continues to show the detailed, qualitative information submitted by HEPs for the first iteration about how they build community engagement and promote growth in their local areas.
For more information about the KEF, including about clusters, perspectives and metrics, please take a look at the technical notes on the KEF website.
The majority of the data that form the metrics of the KEF continues to comes from the long-standing HESA Higher Education Business and Community Interaction survey, supported by:
- narratives provided by the institutions for the first iteration that inform the local growth and regeneration, and public and community engagement perspectives
- data provided by Innovate UK
- data provided by Elsevier.
All institutions in receipt of a Research England Higher Education Innovation Fund (HEIF) allocation in 2021 to 2022 are included in the exercise.
Some institutions who were eligible for HEIF but did not meet the threshold for an allocation have still elected to participate in the KEF. The clusters are not ranked, and the KEF is not a league table.
Research England will continue to develop future iterations of the KEF annually. The KEF is not currently used to inform funding.
Top image: Credit: PeopleImages, iStock, Getty Images Plus via Getty Images


text:
At Del Monte, we work each day to create innovative products for our consumers without any trade-offs in price or performance. To us, environmental sustainability means creating value by conserving our natural resources and preserving the planet for future generations. We look to reducing our environmental impact whenever we can – from the design of our factories to manufacturing & packaging of our products. We ensure that our products are made in a responsible way and in doing so we look at:
- Advancing technologies to reduce waste
- Increasing recycling and reuse
- Creating even safer treatment and disposal options
- Developing sources of renewable energy
- Sharing the benefits of our learning and innovation with our clients and collaborators
In our endeavor to save energy & water, we are working on various projects at our manufacturing plant in Hosur.
The objective is to reduce carbon footprint with Change of Fuel from fossil fuel (Furnace oil) to Biomass. Compared to fossil fuels, the briquettes produce low net total greenhouse gas emissions because the materials used are already a part of the carbon cycle. Biomass Boiler is fired with Agri waste like Husk & Cobs.
Natural resource - Water used for cooking, is preheated up to 70 Deg C by using concentrated solar thermal (parabolic reflectors). This helps reduce usage of 4-5 LPG Cylinders per month.
Cooler Tower Heater This is being used in HVAC system to cool process & filling hall. Temperature of cooling tower water is between 10 - 12 Deg C. Helps save the usage of 135 KW compressor and overall cost.


text:
Definition of Klumpke palsy
Klumpke palsy: A form of brachial plexus palsy in which there is paralysis of the muscles of the forearm and hand due to an injury to the roots of eigth cervical and first thoracic roots or the lower part of the brachial plexus, a network of spinal nerves that originates in the back of the neck, extends through the axilla (armpit), and gives rise to nerves to the upper limb. The brachial plexus is formed by the union of portions of the fifth through eighth cervical nerves and the first thoracic nerve, all of which come from the spinal cord.
Last Editorial Review: 6/14/2012
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How to Export Your Mozilla Firefox History as a Dataframe in R
The goal of this post is to export a Mozilla Firefox Browser history and import in R as a dataframe.
Browser history data
Firefox saves your browsing history in a file called places.sqlite. This file contains several tables, like bookmarks, favicons or the history.
To get a dataframe with visited websites, you need two tables from the sqlite file:
 1. moz_historyvisits: it contains all websites you visited with time and date. All websites have an id instead of a readable URL.
 2. moz_places: it contains the translation of the websites id and its actual URL.
More on the database schema:
Import the data into R
sqlite files can be imported with the package RSQLite.
First, find the places.sqlite on your computer. You can get the path, by visiting about:support in Firefox and looking for the Profiles directory.
# connect to database
 dbname = "path/to/places.sqlite",
# get all tables
tables <- dbListTables(con)
# remove internal tables
tables <- tables[tables!= "sqlite_sequence"]
# create a list of dataframes
list_of_df <- purrr::map(tables, ~{
 dbGetQuery(conn = con, statement=paste0("SELECT * FROM '",.x, "'"))
# get the list of dataframes some names
names(list_of_df) <- tables
Extract browser history
Next, we extract the two tables with the information we need, join them and keep only the visited url, the time and the URL id.
There are two caveats:
 1. The timestamps are saved in the PRTime format, which is basically an unix timestamp and you have to convert it in a human-readable format
 2. Extract the domain of a URL using the urltools package, e.g. getting instead of
# get the two dataframes
history <- list_of_df[["moz_historyvisits"]]
urls <- list_of_df[["moz_places"]]
df <- left_join(history, urls, by = c("place_id" = "id")) %>%
 select(place_id, url, visit_date) %>%
 # convert the unix timestamp
 mutate(date = as.POSIXct(as.numeric(visit_date)/_PHONE_, origin = '1970-01-01', tz = 'GMT'),
 # extract the domains from the URL, e.g. '' instead of ''
 domain = str_remove(urltools::domain(url), "www\\."))
2 Kommentare
Hans 2. März 2021 Antworten
Thank you for this interesting post.
Minor comment: For the very last command to execute, I had to load two more packages.
Package dplyr is needed for the command mutate.
Package stringr is needed for the command str_remove.
Katharina 21. März 2021 Antworten
Indeed! 'tidyverse' is my base R 😀
Schreibe einen Kommentar zu Katharina Antworten abbrechen


text:
sensing, analyzing, and forecasting
Project Atmosphere is a comprehensive teacher professional development course rooted in the atmospheric sciences. It is directed toward improving teacher effectiveness in generating interest and understanding in science, technology, and mathematics among pre-college students.
The AMS has a long-term interest in pre-college atmospheric science education. It serves the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences, and publishes atmospheric research journals.
Major components of Project Atmosphere include (a) the identification and training of a cadre of master atmospheric education resource teachers who will assist the AMS in training other pre-college teachers on atmospheric science topics, and (b) the development and implementation of scientifically accurate and pedagogically sound instructional resource materials for teachers.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


When Should You Use Real-Device Testing, Exactly?
503 VIEWS
In our present age of virtualized, software-defined everything, it can sometimes feel archaic to do anything directly on real, bare-metal hardware, whether hosting a server or testing software. Virtual environments tend to be more flexible, nimble and scalable than those that run directly on real hardware.
You may think, then, that there is little reason ever to test software on real devices, as opposed to using simulators or emulators. But you'd be wrong. Real-device testing remains critical for certain use cases.
Let's take a look at what those use cases are by explaining when real-device testing is more beneficial than testing on simulators or emulators.
SIMULATORS AND EMULATORS
Before delving into a discussion of the merits of real-device testing, let me make clear that simulators and emulators both have important roles to play in software testing, too.
An emulator functions as a virtual device that is designed to be a precise digital replica of the actual device in question. Theoretically, emulators make it possible to emulate not just processors and persistent storage, but also I/O events and other low-level features. Simulators are different in that they are designed to simulate the outward behavior of a device, but not virtualize its actual hardware. They are useful for testing how software will behave at a higher level in a given environment—not how it will interact with low-level hardware.
Emulators and simulators are both helpful for situations where you want to change environmental factors quickly in order to see how software responds to a different setting. They allow you to make changes to the environment, including changes as great as modifying the type of processor or amount of memory—in seconds—without having to modify the actual real hardware on which the tests are running.
But emulators and simulators have their drawbacks. As anyone who has ever used a virtual machine knows, the theoretical behavior of a virtualized environment rarely provides a perfect mirror of the actual hardware or software that it is supposed to be virtualizing. There are almost always quirks.
REAL-DEVICE TESTING
That's why the ability to run tests on real devices is so important. While real-device testing means losing some of the flexibility of testing with emulators and simulators, the tradeoff is test results that more accurately reflect how an application will behave on a given type of device in the real world.
Plus, real-device testing allows you to test certain types of features that are difficult or impossible to test in an emulated or simulated environment, such as:
 - The temperature of a device while it is running your app.
 - How wireless connectivity impacts your app. (There are ways to emulate wireless network connections, but nothing compares to testing on a real-world connection.)
 - How your app interacts with audio and video hardware on the device. (Again, you can try to emulate sound cards and GPUs, but because the hardware is so specialized, it's difficult to get reliable testing results when using emulated audio and video hardware.)
 - How well biometric hardware works with your app (such as fingerprint readers).
 - How users interact with your app when they are running it on a screen that they hold in their hands without anything else around it (rather than simply viewing it in an emulator or simulator screen).
WHEN TO USE REAL-DEVICE TESTING WITHIN SOFTWARE DELIVERY PIPELINES
Given that real-device testing can be somewhat slower than testing in virtual environments, when can you strike the right balance between test speed and test accuracy for your real-device tests?
The easiest answer is to use real-device testing at the end of the delivery cycle and emulators and simulators during development and system testing. That way, you get the accuracy of real-device test results just before you release into production, but you don't have to worry about real-device testing slowing down your delivery pipeline in earlier stages. And in most cases, if your app has passed all other tests, any bugs revealed by real-device testing are likely to be minor and quick to address.
That said, there are situations where you may want to perform real-device testing earlier. If your app is centrally dependent on the smartphone's hardware, it is likely worth the extra time and effort to perform real-device testing as soon as you can. It's better to identify show-stopping hardware-related issues early on so that you won't need to scrap a bunch of code in order to fix them.
So, to put it simply, if your app is centrally dependent on hardware features within a device, perform real-device testing early and often (though there is no reason why you can't also use simulators and emulators alongside real devices). But if it isn't, you can probably get away with doing real-device testing at the end.
Cordny Nederkoorn is a software test engineer with over 10 years experience in finance, e-commerce and web development. He is also the founder of TestingSaaS, a social network about researching cloud applications with a focus on forensics, software testing and security. Cordny is a regular contributor at Fixate IO. LinkedIn
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The Communist Party's official newspaper, the People's Daily, carried an article on its website from the Changjiang Daily newspaper describing artillery shells exploding on a mountain in Yingjiang County, which borders Myanmar.
Officials in the Dehong prefecture government, in which the county is located, declined to comment on Friday.
The intensification of the conflict has cast doubt on the intentions of Myanmar's government, which is led by former generals who have been praised for reforms in other areas including elections, media and civil society.
Kachin rebel sources have reported aerial bombings, shelling and even the use of chemical weapons since Dec. 28. Myanmar's government said there were no airstrikes, but that K-8 trainer jets had provided cover fire to protect ground troops from rebel attacks.
The 18-month conflict in Kachin state is one of the biggest tests for Myanmar's new civilian government's reform effort and the use of aircraft has raised doubts about whether the retired generals in the government have really changed their harsh old ways.
While China has strong business and trade ties with Myanmar, it has long looked with wariness at its poor and unstable southern neighbour and has repeatedly called on the country to ensure stability along the vast and remote border.
China had forcibly returned scores of ethnic Kachins who have fled Myanmar, a human rights group said last year.


text:
that does not actually exist, of a large group of diverse people, is obviously impossible to do precisely. We acknowledge making a number of assumptions, some stated, some implicit, and some generous to critics of this proof.
Within this context, we aim to demonstrate, through probability calculations, that a large number of open payment channels will be required for each user, thus making the system essentially inoperable at a size of 1,000,000 users.
2. Channels and Hops Required, with No Constraints
Modeling the network as a complex graph of 1,000,000 nodes, we shall examine the probability of reaching a random peer given a certain number of open channels, C, and allowing for a certain number of hops, H.
From the perspective of a user, reaching distant peers through a series of branching channels is similar to tree structure.⁴ The number of leafs grow exponentially and are possible transaction destinations.
To simplify the calculations, we will ignore the possibility that a branch on the tree could link to another branch already on the tree (such as an ancestor or cousin).
This possibility happening would reduce the number of peers found from a purely exponential branching to a slightly lower number. Since we are attempting to prove that a relatively low number of peers would be reached without a large number of channels or hops, and the real number would be even lower, this is a generous assumption (strengthening the proof).
Let n be the number of leafs, defined as C^H. For example, 10 open channels and 6 hops is 10⁶ = 1,000,000.
The probability P for failing to choosing a member of a set |N| with cardinality n by sampling n times, with replacement is:
(In our case, obtaining a desired destination by matching to a leaf.)
We can generalize this with the limiting form:
Since 1/e = 0.3678… then the probability of choosing correctly at least once is (1- (1/e)) = 63.21…%
Having access to any given peer at a rate of only 63.21% is too low to be considered successful for a payment system.
Using a different number of trials can be expressed as:
By taking various exponents of e, we can calculate the corresponding probabilities:
Using a value of 1,000,000 users and the limiting form, we derive the formula:
Using this formula, we can calculate some initial values reaching at least the 80% probability level; however this is not considering other factors not yet discussed:
3. Channels and Hops Required, with a Basic Money Constraint
All hops along the route must have sufficient funds to process any payment they wish to service. This is the money constraint.
Modeling a network of a million users with a wide variety of financial profiles and spending patterns isn't possible to do precisely because there are too many unknown factors.
However, we can make a very general common-sense assumption that many or most users will receive some kind of income at some kind of regular interval, and deposit an allowance of funds into the LN for spending.
Deposited funds will generally be either spent or eventually withdrawn. (We will assume LN is not used as a savings vehicle)
As users spend funds, payment channel availability for routing will degrade, either because a channel closes, or because the funded amount diminishes. When additional funds are deposited, the routing capabilities are revitalized.
We do not have a detailed model of which and how many users are getting paid how much, when, and how often. However, we can aggregate the behavior of the set of users thanks to the law of large numbers, which states that " the average of the results obtained from a large number of trials should be close to the expected value".
The typical consumer cycles consist of receiving income, spending it, and then repeating. We can generalize this behavior as a reverse sawtooth wave:
Visually, it appears as:
Salary payments are represented by spikes, and income is then spent gradually until the next payment.
Integrating the function gives half the value of the period, as expected:
This is also apparent visually as the waves form right triangles cutting out half the area.
The implication is that about half the channels that would be used for routing are invalid. Thus, the number of channels at each hop needs to be doubled.
Our probability formula changes to:
And our table of results becomes:
There is also a huge generous assumption we are making, which is that all users are a useful part of set of routing participants for all other users. In reality, a vastly uneven distribution of wealth would likely put additional and significant constraints on the system.
4. Additional Constraint of Lending
In addition to the burdens of dividing funds and finding routes, we assume that the user also participates in the network by helping others route payments.
This disrupts the user in two ways.
First, it may cause the distribution of the user's personal funds to become unbalanced, diminishing the number of routes available. Over time, this could theoretically average out with money flowing in either direction of any given channel. However, each user would be subject to a large degree of variance at any given time.
The second is that the money used in routing others' payments is unavailable to the user during the time that the route is in use.
We shall generously ignore the first cause of disruption and only attempt to model the second. We'll take the simplistic approach of assuming all users have the same average number of transactions and spending volume, and assume each user participates equally in the routing.
Let us define the following variables:
U: the number of users
H: the number of hops
V: the total network transaction volume during a period of time
v: the transaction volume per user during a period of time
r: the total routed volume per user during a period of time
D: the duration in hours of a time period of measurement
t: average number of transactions per user for time period D
d: the duration in hours of the average route
Since each hop needs to route the entire transaction amount for any transaction in a route that it participates in, the total routed volume for the entire network during a period of time = VH.
Thus, r= VH/U. And since V/U=v, r=Hv.
For example, if v=$1000, the plot appears as:
Let us introduce the concept of dollar-hours to measure routing capacity.
Each user can only spend their own money once, of course. But for purposes of routing others' money, we can think of dollar-hours as the total dollars in their channels, multiplied by the number of hours they available. For example, $1000 sitting unmoved for a week is 168,000 dollar-hours.
We can then calculate a quotient Q, which represents the percentage of available capacity remaining after routing for others:
Q = 1- (d(H-1))/D
Note that v and t do not appear in the equation as they are factored out, but they are implicit in the ratio d/D. The reason for H-1 is that one hop doesn't cost the network anything beyond a user's own transactions (r=Hv).
For example, if the network uses 4 hops, and routes require 4 hours, and the user's balances for routing are based on 168 hours (1 week), then:
Q=1- ((4)*(3))/168 ) = 0.92
Our probability formula is now:
Assuming D=168, and routing time d = 4 hours, we arrive at the following probabilities:
5. Determining Transaction Limitations Based on a Pareto Distribution
It hardly seems necessary to prove that if funds need to be split into small buckets, there would be an enormous negative effect on usability. However, for completeness, we included this section.
We assume most consumer and business spending follows a Pareto distribution in that each user makes a relatively small number of large transactions, several medium-sized transactions, and a larger amount of smaller transactions.
The Pareto probability density function is expressed as:
For the simplest type 1 Pareto curve, this simplifies to:
The distribution does not change by applying constants, but we can better envision the model with some real world values by multiplying the y-values by 1000, so that dollar amounts for big items become substantial, and integrate over a typical set of x values (number of transactions at each dollar value), say 50.
The total sum of transactions = $980. Using a 10% value of $98,
we can solve the equation: 98 = 1000/x² to obtain 3.194 transactions.
Next, we will integrate over the smaller set of transactions to obtain the sum value of the transactions that have amounts that less than the our minimum $98 value:
Since 293.48/980=.299, we can say that only 29.9% of all desired economic activity would be possible if 10 channels were used.
I expect critics to nitpick. I encourage you to do your own critical thinking. Do not forget the generous assumptions we have made to ignore wealth disparity.
Remember, Bitcoin must be decentralized. Be wary of the rationalization of "Centralization is ok as long as the base layer is kept decentralized." That is an insidious trap which allows forcing users off the base layer and into the centralized systems. We must never allow that.
So, is Bitcoin in trouble because second layer solutions may not work? No, not at all. Bitcoin was designed to scale on-chain with simple blocksize increases. It can and will do so, if we allow it.
- Not a new type of address. Simply, a multi-signature address for the purposes of the channel.
- Originally published by Carl S. Sterner in 'Resilience and


Ben Rotman
The Refugees from Darfur
"A series of paintings expressing the experience of the African refugees after being driven from their homes in Sudan, experiencing violence, murder and rape, and falling prey to wild animals during their escape.
"And the world kept silent!!!!
Ben Rotman met these exiles and monitored their activity after the horrors, and expressed his impressions in perspective paintings emphasizing their fate and the essence of their lives.
"The prominent figures in these paintings are women, men and children in various situations reflecting sorrow and despair. In one of the characteristic paintings depicting the escape from Sudan, the exiles have their backs to the viewer and, wearing their traditional robes and head coverings, march through the desert to the open horizon, beating their drums. Another painting shows the figure of a young boy crouching in what appears to be a more urban environment, on a stairway, with his head between his hands, his face concealed, with an older person?s hat flung into space.
"The refugees, who are forced to come to terms with their fate, express this through their traditional dress, their lifestyle and their difficulty in assimilating in modern society, while continuing to bear the scars inflicted on them by the horrors they experienced.
"The paintings express tremendous compassion for those who survived the horrors, while rebuking and defying wealthy, well-fed western society."
Ben Rotman's art on the Web
Ben Rotman's AutoGallery exhibit


text:
A federal judge in Alaska has upheld the decision of the Biden administration to greenlight the Willow oil project, led by ConocoPhillips.
In her decision, Judge Sharon Gleason noted that the plaintiffs—a group of environmentalist organizations—had failed to prove that the project was as multifaceted a threat to the wildlife in the National Petroleum Reserve as they claimed.
The environmentalists had alleged that the authorities that had approved the project had failed to consider all the ways, in which it could affect the environment. The groups also said the federal government had not considered putting a cap on the production of oil at Willow as a way of mitigating its effect on the environment and carbon dioxide emissions.
"Willow underwent nearly five years of rigorous regulatory review and environmental analysis, including extensive public involvement from the communities closest to the project site," ConocoPhillips Alaska president Erec Isaacson said, as quoted by Bloomberg.
"We now want to make this project a reality and help Alaskan communities realize the extensive benefits of responsible energy development."
Earthjustice, which represented the plaintiffs dubbed the judge's decision disappointing.
"Beyond the illegality of Willow's approval, Interior's decision to greenlight the project in the first place moved us in the opposite direction of our national climate goals in the face of the worsening climate crisis," Erik Graffe, an Alaska deputy managing attorney for the organization, said.
Willow covers three drill sites in the National Petroleum Reserve in an area that is estimated to hold up to 600 million barrels of oil.
The project has incited much controversy from climate activists and some of Biden's supporters from the left, many of whom argue that the project is a major setback in fighting climate change, with the Interior Department's estimate that the project could see 278 million metric tons of CO2 emitted over its 30-year lifespan.
The Willow project will cost an estimated $8 billion to develop, resulting in production of between 160,000 and 180,000 barrels of oil daily. Revenues from the development are estimated at some $17 billion.
By Charles Kennedy for Oilprice.com
Charles is a writer for Oilprice.com


Black Spots On Cats Gums
Posted on
Black pigment can be normal on the nose, lips, and gum tissue. When lentigo first appears in cats, it often pops up on the lips as tiny dots, before spreading to the eyelids, gums, and nose.
Im at my happiest when I can convince her to cuddle with
Small black spots that appear often appear on red cats lips or nose that can be up to 9 mm in diameter.
Black spots on cats gums. You will notice that the black spots develop on the upper parts of the dog's skin. Ginger and tortie cats often have black staining on mouth and gums, which is quite harmless. This pigmentation is especially common in orange tabby cats.
If this is the case and other are no other symptoms, you have nothing to worry about. Black spots on the gums in association with periodontal disease generally indicate that the teeth, roots of the teeth, or even the gums themselves are decaying. For more information on cancer as a possible cause of black gums in your older cat, you can contact dr.
Ideal cat gum color "when it comes to your cat's gums, the key is to think pink!" begins dr. This is only a concern if the color of the gums has changed suddenly. This is a harmless condition known as lentigo, and is perfectly normal.
Personally i'd get your cats to the vet for a quick check up. They cause the cats no harm; The darkness on the gums is just freckles.
Is your cat a tortoiseshell, orange tabby, flame point or calico? Any cat that has the genes for red coloring frequently develops black "freckles". As the cat ages, more black pigment is deposited many times around or inside the mouth, eyes and ea.
As the cat ages, the spots will become more widespread and may grow larger. Often, a small cluster of spots will grow together to form a large patch of pigment. Hi again, and you're most welcome;
What diseases can affect the gums? Anecdotal evidence suggests that black tongue most likely is the result. Cat world explains that black spots that appear in a cat's mouth are caused by an increase in the number of melanocytes, or pigment producing cells.
If your cat's gums have recently turned black it probably has an infection, like gum disease or something. Have your cat examined by a veterinarian if these spots are a new finding or other symptoms appear. It is my pleasure to be of help to you and your kitty!
Your cat's gums should also not appear to be swollen. These are benign changes and cosmetic only. A number of people who keep cats are concerned that their cat has black gums.
Here is a veterinarian's guide for gum color in cats. A cats gums are supposed to be a pinkish red color. Unfortunately, unlike lentigo, black spots on the gums that signify periodontal disease are a serious sign that your cat's health is at risk.
Gum disease can affect cats of all stripes. While some cats may have been born with a few black spots on the gums here and there, if a cat's gums are mostly black or brown and are accompanied with bad breath, Flat, black spots can occur on the gums, especially in orange of silver cats.
A healthy cat will have firm pink gums, not an angry red, white, and/or black or brown color. Black tongue in cats can happen with injury, but it is more likely a result of an immune dysfunction which can be caused by yeast overgrowth or more serious infections. All my cats had small black bits around.
Alternatively you can have a quick chat with a vet online now, which is both a cost and time savings. Cats taken from the street often suffer from vitamin deficiencies, and the owners may not immediately understand what is the cause of lethargy and sleepiness of the pet. And part of the roof of his mouth is black too following a similar sort of pattern.
Pellagra in cats is manifested by points on the mucous membranes of the mouth, sometimes by the spots on the tongue, nose and ears. Gum disease, also known as gingivitis, is chronic inflammation of the gums that worsens over time and occurs where the tooth and gum come together, says dr. A few years back my abbie had small black spots around her mouth and was diagnosed with feline acne.
Called age spots, aging can also lead to black spots on the body of your dog. Some cats develop changes throughout their lives which can be completely normal, one of those is ginger cats who develop black spots on their gums and nose. The dog will secret melanin when exposed to the sun for long periods to protect its skin.
Black spots on dog's gums can also mean something is going on with your dog's health, which should be discussed with your vet soon. The ill cat has black dots on tongue. The color of a cat's gums can tell a lot about your pet's health.
Burmeselinda new cat chatter posts: Lentigo is an asymptomatic condition characterized by one (lentigo) or more (lentigines) flat macule(s) on the gums or lips or patch(es) of black skin. A common explanation for black gums in cats is lentigo simplex.
Jules benson, bvsc, and vp of veterinary services at petplan pet insurance. Black gums on a black cat aren't anything to worry about, but any gum changes should be reported to your veterinarian right away. If your cat has black spots on his gums he will mostly like be a ginger cat and will have the condition known as 'orange cat lentigo'.
This is a harmless condition, most commonly associated with older, orange felines. Take it to the vet right away. For some reason, orange cats are also prone to developing harmless freckles (known as lentigo simplex) on their noses, lips, gums and inside their mouths.
The literature does suggest the direct cause of black tongue by a specific agent like an injury or burn; Other causes of pigmentation can be secondary to bleeding/bruising, wounds, burns, and oral masses.
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Article
Oxidation causes melanin fluorescence. Invest Ophthamol Vis Sci
Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Germany.
Investigative Ophthalmology &amp Visual Science (Impact Factor: 3.66). 02/2001; 42(1):241-6.
Source: PubMed
ABSTRACT The goal of this study is the characterization of the strong yellow fluorescence of oxidized melanin in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the choroid.
Naturally occurring melanin in the human retina and choroid was oxidized by exposing fixed and plastic-embedded sections of a human eye to light and hydrogen peroxide. Synthetic melanin was also oxidized in vitro by exposure to light and hydrogen peroxide. The fluorescence of oxidized melanin was examined by absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and fluorescence microscopy.
Naturally occurring melanin oxidized in situ exhibited a lipofuscin-like yellow fluorescence. Oxidation of melanin in vitro degraded the melanin polymer, resulting in a fluorescent solution. Fluorescence spectroscopy gave an excitation maximum at approximately 470 nm and an emission maximum at approximately 540 nm for both natural and synthetic melanin. Increasing the time of exposure to light or hydrogen peroxide increased melanin fluorescence.
The results indicate that the strong yellow fluorescence of melanin in the RPE and choroid in situ is a property of oxidized melanin and is not due to contamination of the melanin by proteinaceous or lipid materials. The data presented allow a reinterpretation of the results obtained from fluorescence investigations of melanin-containing tissue and suggest a link between melanin degradation and lipofuscin formation.
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 - "Triplet excited carbonyls 350–550 nm [36] [75] Singlet excited pigments 360–560 nm melanin [76] [77] 680–740 nm chlorophyll [78] Triplet excited pigments 870–1000 nm chlorophyll + Dimolar singlet oxygen 634 nm, 703 nm [22] [23] [37] Monomolar singlet oxygen 1270 nm * + expected based on the singlet excited pigment emission but not yet directly confirmed as a contribution to ultra-weak photon emission. Emission wavelength from triplet excited chlorophyll is known from phosphorescence measurement [79]. "
 [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
 ABSTRACT: This review attempts to summarize molecular mechanisms, spectral and intensity properties, detection techniques and applications of ultra-weak photon emission. Ultra-weak photon emission is the chemiluminescence from biological systems where electronically excited species are formed during oxidative metabolic or oxidative stress processes. It is generally accepted that photons are emitted (1) at near UVA, visible, and near IR spectral ranges from 350 to 1300nm and (2) at the intensity of photon emission in the range of several units to several hundreds (oxidative metabolic process) and several hundreds to several thousands (oxidative stress process) photons s(-1)cm(-2). Current development in detection using low-noise photomultiplier tubes and imaging using highly sensitive charge coupled device cameras allows temporal and spatial visualization of oxidative metabolic or oxidative stress processes, respectively. As the phenomenon of ultra-weak photon emission reflects oxidative metabolic or oxidative stress processes, it can be widely used as a non-invasive tool for monitoring of the physiological state of biological systems.
 Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology 02/2014; 139. DOI:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.02.009 · 2.80 Impact Factor
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 - "They are ubiquitous in nature and occur in various organisms, particularly fungi and bacteria have been found to show a high melanin content which is associated with microbial pathogenesis (Gomez and Nosanchuk, 2003; Nosanchuk and Casadevall, 2003). Compared to the other age-related pigments, melanin is regarded to show only a relatively weak fluorescence, but it has been shown that oxidation significantly increases fluorescence with a emission maximum at ∼540 nm when excited at ∼470 nm (Kayatz et al., 2001). Fluorescent light emission from tetrapyrrolic compounds (i.e. "
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 ABSTRACT: Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP) are an important subset of air particulate matter with a substantial contribution to the organic aerosol fraction and potentially strong effects on public health and climate. Recent progress has been made in PBAP quantification by utilizing real-time bioaerosol detectors based on the principle that specific organic molecules of biological origin such as proteins, coenzymes, cell wall compounds and pigments exhibit intrinsic fluorescence. The properties of many fluorophores have been well documented, but it is unclear which are most relevant for detection of atmospheric PBAP. The present study provides a systematic synthesis of literature data on potentially relevant biological fluorophores. We analyze and discuss their relative importance for the detection of fluorescent biological aerosol particles (FBAP) by online instrumentation for atmospheric measurements such as the ultraviolet aerodynamic particle sizer (UV-APS) or the wide issue bioaerosol sensor (WIBS). In addition, we provide new laboratory measurement data for selected compounds using bench-top fluorescence spectroscopy. Relevant biological materials were chosen for comparison with existing literature data and to fill in gaps of understanding. The excitation-emission matrices (EEM) exhibit pronounced peaks at excitation wavelengths of ~280 nm and ~360 nm, confirming the suitability of light sources used for online detection of FBAP. They also show, however, that valuable information is missed by instruments that do not record full emission spectra at multiple wavelengths of excitation, and co-occurrence of multiple fluorophores within a detected sample will likely confound detailed molecular analysis. Selected non-biological materials were also analyzed to assess their possible influence on FBAP detection and generally exhibit only low levels of background-corrected fluorescent emission. This study strengthens the hypothesis that ambient supermicron particle fluorescence in wavelength ranges used for most FBAP instruments is likely to be dominated by biological material and that such instrumentation is able to discriminate between FBAP and non-biological material in many situations. More detailed follow-up studies on single particle fluorescence are still required to reduce these uncertainties further, however.
 Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 01/2011; 5(1). DOI:10.5194/amtd-4-5857-2011 · 3.21 Impact Factor
 - Source
 - "Recently, it was reported that melanins emit fluorescence in the NIR region (820–920 nm) when excited at 785 nm [26]. Oxidation may be the cause of melanin fluorescence as it has been shown that nonoxidized melanins have very weak fluorescence compared with oxidized ones [48]. In skin tissue with melanoma, pigmented areas have much higher fluorescence intensity than nonpigmented areas with two-photon excitation at 800 nm [49]. "
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 ABSTRACT: Current research on multiphoton autofluorescence microscopy is primarily focused on imaging the signal from reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleatide (NADH) in tissue. NADH levels in cells are useful reporters of metabolic information, as well as early indicators in precancer and cancer diagnosis. While NADH is typically imaged in the 400-500 nm spectral window, the amino acid tryptophan is the major source of tissue fluorescence in the Ultraviolet range. Here, we briefly review current progress in multiphoton autofluorescence imaging of live tissues and cells, and report our recent findings of in vivo mouse skin imaging based on multiphoton excited tryptophan autofluorescence. This new method enables noninvasive imaging of skin tissue at video-rate and allows for the visualization and identification of cellular components in the epidermis, dermis, and muscle layers. It is also possible to image through small blood vessels in the mouse skin and observe circulating leukocytes in situ .
 IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 07/2010; 16(3-16):516 - 523. DOI:10.1109/JSTQE.2009._PHONE_ · 3.47 Impact Factor
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text: Deciding how much evidence to accumulate before making a decision is a problem we and other animals often face, but one that is not completely understood. This issue is particularly important because a tendency to sample less information (often known as reflection impulsivity) is a feature in several psychopathologies, such as psychosis. A formal understanding of information sampling may therefore clarify the computational anatomy of psychopathology. In this theoretical letter, we consider evidence accumulation in terms of active (Bayesian) inference using a generic model of Markov decision processes. Here, agents are equipped with beliefs about their own behavior—in this case, that they will make informed decisions. Normative decision making is then modeled using variational Bayes to minimize surprise about choice outcomes. Under this scheme, different facets of belief updating map naturally onto the functional anatomy of the brain (at least at a heuristic level). Of particular interest is the key role played by the expected precision of beliefs about control, which we have previously suggested may be encoded by dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. We show that manipulating expected precision strongly affects how much information an agent characteristically samples, and thus provides a possible link between impulsivity and dopaminergic dysfunction. Our study therefore represents a step toward understanding evidence accumulation in terms of neurobiologically plausible Bayesian inference and may cast light on why this process is disordered in psychopathology.


text:
US _PHONE_ B2
An improved force-measurement system utilizes active magnetostrictive sensors for generating a signal representative of a force, such as the weight of a person or thing on a seat within a motor vehicle, or the force applied to the horn sensor switch on a vehicle steering wheel. The active magnetostrictive sensor includes an excitation coil and a detection coil.
1. A vehicle horn activation system comprising:
b. an activation surface for receiving contact by a user to activate a horn;
c. a ferromagnetic element mechanically coupled to the activation surface;
d. a magnetostrictive sensor coupled to the ferromagnetic element and generating a signal based upon stress in the ferromagnetic element caused by contact on the activation surface; and
e. a horn switch activated based upon the signal from the magnetostrictive sensor.
2. The vehicle horn activation system of
3. The vehicle horn activation system of
4. The vehicle horn activation system of
5. The vehicle horn activation system of
6. The vehicle horn activation system of
7. The vehicle horn activation system of
8. The vehicle horn activation system of
9. The vehicle horn activation system of
10. The vehicle horn activation system of
11. The vehicle horn activation system of
12. A vehicle switching system comprising:
a. a first activation surface for receiving force by a user to activate a vehicle horn;
b. a ferromagnetic element including a first portion mechanically coupled to said first activation surface; and
c. a magnetostrictive sensor coupled to the activation surface and generating a first signal based upon force applied to the first activation surface, said first signal activating said vehicle horn.
13. The vehicle switching system of
14. The vehicle switching system of
15. The vehicle switching system of
16. The vehicle switching system of
17. The vehicle switching system of
18. The vehicle switching system of
19. The vehicle switching system of
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/271,617; filed on Feb. 27, 2001.
The present invention relates to an improved system and method for activation of a vehicle horn or other vehicle functions and for detecting the weight of a person seated within a motor vehicle.
Current horn sensor designs have a large variability in force over the operating area of the sensor. In other words, the force needed to activate the horn may vary greatly between two different points on the horn sensor contact surface. Even at a given location on the horn sensor contact surface, the force required may also vary (e.g. two to seven pounds) over operating conditions, such as temperature, etc. Further, the sensitivity level of the sensor cannot be adjusted easily without significant time and expense for retooling.
Current vehicles include an airbag for the driver as well as the front seat passenger. The danger that the passenger side airbag poses to infants in car seats and small children as well as small adults has been well documented. Manufacturers have sought to develop systems that would disable the passenger side airbag if the weight on the passenger seat is below a given threshold, thereby indicating either the presence of an individual for whom the airbag would be dangerous or the absence of any passenger at all.
One known system, described and claimed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,739,757, entitled "Vehicle Passenger Weight Sensor," the assignee of which is the assignee of the present invention, uses a magnetostrictive sensor to measure strain on a wires under the cushion of the seat to determine the weight of a person or thing seated. However, this design may not always measure all of the weight on the seat, which may not be transmitted to the wires under the cushion, depending upon the position of the passenger.
The present invention provides an improved system and method for generating a signal representative of a force, such as the weight of a person or thing on a seat within a motor vehicle, or the force applied to a switch on a vehicle steering wheel.
The present invention provides a force measurement system utilizing active magnetostrictive sensors. The active magnetostrictive sensor includes an excitation coil and a detection coil. The excitation coil converts an electrical AC input signal into an acoustic wave by the magnetostrictive principle. The signal is AC to allow for a changing current through the coil, which when wrapped around a ferrite material creates an electromagnet. The acoustic wave travels through the ferromagnetic sensing material. The acoustic signal passing through the ferrite core creates an electrical current in the detection coil. When stress is applied to the sensing material, the acoustic wave is affected and the detection coil monitors this change. The change can be measured by measuring voltage or current. These methods require a constant excitation voltage/current. This change in the current/voltage, as measured from the detection coil, has a linear relationship to the amount of force applied on the sensing material. The sensor operates in a linear fashion as long as some force or "preload" is used to get the operating point away from the non-linear region. Preferably a pre-load is used in the present invention.
The present invention provides a system for generating a signal representative of the weight of a person or thing seated within a motor vehicle includes at least one ferromagnetic element mechanically coupled between the structure of a seat and the vehicle floor, such that an elastic strain is induced therein responsive to all of the mechanical loading of the seat by the person or thing seated thereupon. Preferably, a ferromagnetic element is mounted directly between each seat bracket and the vehicle floor, in order to sense all of the weight on the seat. The strain in each element is detected and measured by the detection coil, as described above.
The present invention further provides a system for activating a horn. The ferromagnetic element is coupled to a contact surface, which is activated by a user desiring to activate the horn. The force exerted by the user on the contact surface is measured by analyzing the signal (voltage and/or current) received by the detection coil. If a predetermined change is detected by the associated electronics, the system activates the horn. This system provides a more constant force requirement across the area of the contact surface and under different operating conditions, such as temperature. Further, because the threshold can be adjusted in the electronics or software, the force required to activate the horn can be easily changed, such as for different vehicles or for user preference.
The above, as well as other advantages of the present invention, will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment when considered in the light of the accompanying drawings in which:
The present invention provides a force sensing system 20 implemented here as a user activated switching system 22 and occupant weight sensing system 24 both utilizing a controller 26. The controller 26 includes a microprocessor 28 (including associated memory, storage, RAM, etc.) and any necessary signal processor 30, such as amplifiers, filters, analog to digital converters, etc. It should be noted that signal processing could be provided by the microprocessor 28 in a known manner. Generally, the user activated switching system 22 activates vehicle functions when selected by a user, while occupant weight sensing system 24 determines the presence, weight and/or position of an occupant in the vehicle.
The user activated switching system 22 is illustrated as installed on a vehicle steering wheel 32 because this location benefits greatly from the present invention, although it should be recognized that the switching system 22 could also be utilized in other locations in the vehicle. The steering wheel 32 generally includes the steering rim 34 connected to the base or hub 36, which is mounted on steering column 38 and rotatable about its center line 40. The present invention provides a force sensor 42 a mounted on hub 36, which is preferably for activation of a vehicle horn, but could be used for other vehicle functions as will be described below. The force sensor 42 a is preferably mounted behind the air bag module 44 as shown, but may also be mounted in front of air bag module 44. As is known, the air bag module 44 is selectively activated by air bag actuator 46, as determined by the controller 26. The controller 26 also controls other vehicle functions, such as the vehicle horn 48, headlights 50 and cruise control 52, based on activation of the force sensor 42 a.
In the user activated switching system 22, the force sensor 42 a senses force imparted by the user upon the force sensor 42 a, either directly or through airbag module 44 positioned in front of force sensor 42 a. In response, the controller 26 activates the horn 48 or other vehicle functions, such as headlight 50 or cruise control 52.
In the event of a crash, the controller 26 also selectively activates the air bag module 44 based upon inputs from the force sensors 42 b and 42 c (among other data inputs), which sense the weight of an occupant seated in vehicle seat 60. Preferably, force sensors 42 b,c sense all of the weight between the seating surface 62 of vehicle seat 60 and the vehicle floor 64. In this example, the force sensors 42 b,c are installed between vehicle seat 60 brackets 72 and the vehicle floor 64. It should be noted that the vehicle 60 in this example includes four brackets (two shown) and that sensors (two shown) would be installed between all of the brackets and the vehicle floor 64. The force sensed by each of the sensors 42 b,c can be summed to determine the total weight upon seating surface 62. Alternatively, or addition, the controller 26 can determine whether occupant is seated toward


Can you take Ashwagandha and St. John's Wort together?
Ashwagandha and St. John's wort are two herbs that are excellent for regulating mood swings, reducing anxiety, and relieving symptoms of depression. In times long gone, both of these were believed to possess magical properties.
In this article, we will shed some light on the frequently asked question of whether or not it is safe to take ashwagandha and St. John's wort together, and if so, what health benefits you can expect.
Differences between Ashwagandha and St. John's wort
Both ashwagandha and St. John's wort are known as effective natural remedies for seasonal or postpartum depression, as well as anxiety, thanks to the intricate ways they help the body deal with stress. Still, there are several differences between these two herbs to keep in mind.
Ashwagandha and St. John's wort are known as adaptogens – a type of herb or mushroom that improves overall health and helps your body cope with stress, anxiety, and exhaustion.
However, according to Christopher Smaka, the head of Vital Ways, a school of traditional western herbalism, "each adaptogen is a radically different plant". This is reflected in the fact that although they are both adaptogen plants, ashwagandha and St. John's wort are quite far apart in terms of safety and possible interactions with other drugs.
In addition, ashwagandha is often used as a herb to increase libido and sex drive, which is not the main purpose of St. John's wort. St. John's wort is often used as an alternative to antidepressants, as it can alleviate symptoms of major depression with fewer side effects.
Is it safe to take Ashwagandha and St. John's Wort together?
St. John's wort is known for having a variety of interactions with other herbs and drugs, some of which can be noticeably negative. Luckily, some plants seem to have a synergistic effect when taken with St. John's wort, and one of these plants is ashwagandha.
Combining ashwagandha and St. John's wort could enhance the natural effects of both herbs, providing additional benefits. It is important to note that this synergy is sometimes a double-edged sword since in the case that adverse effects do occur, they are more likely to be severe.
Neither ashwagandha nor St. John's wort should be taken during pregnancy, regardless of whether they are taken on their own or combined with each other.
Health benefits of taking Ashwagandha and St. John's Wort together
Since taking these two herbs together can enhance their individual effects, there are many potential benefits to taking the herbs together. The soothing, anxiety-alleviating effects of both herbs may be amplified, and provide faster mitigation of common symptoms of depression.
In addition to its stress-alleviating effects, studies indicate that St. John's wort may be effective in treating a wide range of conditions, including eczema, menopause, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, cancer, and ulcers. Some of these conditions could possibly benefit from combining ashwagandha and St. John's wort together, although more research in this field is required.
Both ashwagandha and St. John's wort may have synergetic effects with some other medicinal herbs as well, although ashwagandha is generally considered to be safer to combine with herbs than St. John's wort is.
Nevertheless, always seek the advice of a medical professional if you intend on combining them with each other, with other herbs, or medicines.
Ashwagandha and St. John's Wort interactions with other drugs
Studies have found that ashwagandha root extract is almost always safe and well tolerated. Ashwagandha may interact with sedatives, blood thinners, thyroid supplements, immune system suppressants, and anxiety medications, among others. Most of the side effects of ashwagandha are minor to moderate in nature.
Ashwagandha can also cause sleepiness and lower blood pressure when combined with some other herbs. It has no known interactions with any foods.
On the other hand, St. John's wort is known to have interactions with over 500 medications. Many prescription medications, including antidepressants, blood thinners, pain relievers, and those used to treat cancer, heart disease, and HIV, can have their effects dramatically reduced by St. John's wort.
St. John's wort can trigger episodes of mania in those with bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia, which is why extreme caution is advised for those with mental disorders who decide to take this herb. You should always consult a healthcare professional or pharmacist before taking St. John's wort, especially if you take any drugs.
Lastly, when consuming foods high in the amino acid tyramine, some people can react negatively to St. John's wort. Most tyramine is found in foods that have been pickled, aged, smoked, or fermented. Included in this are various types of cheese, aged or cured meat, beer, wine, sauerkraut, chocolate, and fermented soy products. It is also recommended to avoid alcohol and reduce caffeine intake when taking St. John's wort.
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General Sir David William Fraser, OBE (1962), KCB (1973), GCB (1980), (born 30 December 1920) Vallenders, Isington, Alton, Hants, the only surviving son of Brigadier, The Honourable William Fraser (_PHONE_) D.S.O., M.C., who was the military attaché at Paris, France, _PHONE_ when the Second World War begun. Sir David was educated at Eton and Christ Church college in the University of Oxford. He left school to enlist at earliest opportunity after the Second World War begun, and joined his father's regiment, the Grenadier Guards in 1940, serving for much of the Second World War with the Guards Armoured Division, later in North West Europe, ending the war in the rank of Major. In 1947 he married Anne Balfour-Fraser, a descendants of William I, but they divorced in 1952.
He was intimately involved afterwards in the crises in Suez, and Cyprus, and saw service in the Malaya emergency.
He is a past Major-General in the Grenadier Guards Regiment. Sir David served in the British Army, including as Vice Chief of the General Staff during 1972-74 in the rank of Lieutenant-General, until 1980. He is a prolific author of both fiction and non-fiction. Sir David is known to the British Army as "Razor Fraser".
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This report by Above Ground and Justiça Global documents human rights abuse tied to the expansion of the Morro do Ouro mine in Brazil by a subsidiary of Kinross Gold, a Canadian company financed by the government of Canada.
Today, in partnership with colleagues in Europe and the U.S., Above Ground introduces _URL_. This site provides up-to-date news and summaries of developments in the push to make business respect for human rights across borders a legally enforceable requirement, through legislation and case law.
In this letter, we urge Canada's environment minister to ensure that financing provided to oil and gas companies by Export Development Canada (EDC) is included in the government's review of non-tax fossil fuel subsidies. As the government works towards its stated goal of fighting climate change, the billions of dollars in support EDC provides to the oil and gas sector every year must not be left out of the equation.
Earlier this year, Export Development Canada (EDC) was tasked with running Canada's new Development Finance Institute. In its new role financing private investment for the purposes of poverty alleviation and sustainable development, EDC will need to adopt robust due diligence practices to ensure the investments it supports respect human rights and the environment.
Last month legislators and experts on business and human rights gathered in Ottawa to discuss groundbreaking developments in home state legislative initiatives aimed at protecting human rights from corporate abuse. This article provides a summary of the discussion and comments made by panelists and keynote speakers at the Bringing Responsibility Home symposium.
Legislators and experts from Canada, the U.S. and Europe are gathered in Ottawa today to review governments' progress on protecting human rights within the context of transnational business.


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Original Colony of Georgia
Georgia The Workers Colony!!!
James Oglethorpe was the founder of the Original Colony of Georgia. James Oglethorpe founded Georgia in 1732. He founded it because of refuge for debtors.
Economic Resources, Climate, and Geography
The economic resources of this colony are pigs rice and indigo.The climate of this colony was warm, humid, and long growing seasons.The geography of this colony was ideal for plantation crops like rice and tobacco.


first kind. The behavior of the oscillation period with respect to is shown in Fig. 3. As we can see, for small values of the gradually increasing period resembles that of a nonlinear pendulum oscillation, which exhibits self-trapping. The sel-trapping condition is therefore . is the critical value corresponding to the homoclinic orbit of the equivalent pendulum being completely in the top position. Beyond that the period decreases with increasing , as the equivalent pendulum assumes a librator rotation, i.e. a full oscillation of the magnetization.
Dependence of the period to the
Figure 3: Dependence of the period to the .
Figure 4 clearly illustrates these different behaviors for the initial state and .
Initial state is
Figure 4: Initial state is and . , , and . Left figure shows self trapping when , solid line for , dashed line for . Right figure shows magnetization oscillation, solid line for , dashed line for .
When the population in the Zeeman state becomes non-zero, even very small, for instance with , , and , interaction caused self-trapping disappears, while the full magnetization oscillation reappears in the previously self-trapped regime. Yet, surprisingly, the presence of the nonlinearity due to atomic self-interaction remains visible through dynamic phenomena analogous to self-trapping in the collective variables of other combinations of the single particle density matrix elements. In particular if we examine the collective variable , we find that it does not always exhibit full oscillations. As an example, we demonstrate this effect, unique to a spinor condensate, in Fig. 5 for . With the given initial conditions full (complete) oscillations between and occur when the spin dependent atomic self-interaction is turned off, as shown by the dashed-line. Inclusion of the self-interaction, on the other hand, inhibits the full oscillation, leading to a similar self-trapping effect as in the non-linear Josephson dynamics of a scalar condensate in a double well. As a general rule, we find oscillations now become incomplete over any regular interval. The values of can even become negative as a result of including the self-interaction. We can summarize the above observations based on the phase space nonlinear dynamics. When is non-zero and in the self trapping regime when , our model system possesses one attractor, which attracts trajectories of different collective variables depending on the initial conditions.
In the opposite regime to self-trapping when , the system possesses two distinct attractors, leading to a complete oscillation of magnetization between and . We can adjust the system parameters to shrink the distance between the two attractors in the phase space, and generate beatings in the magnetization oscillation with appropriately chosen initial conditions. The mathematical reason is simple. Due to the presence of the self-interaction in the limit of , the orbits of magnetization in the phase space now become open and continuously circulate around two closely spaced focuses (of the two attractors), leading to beating patterns.
Oscillation of the collective variable
Figure 5: Oscillation of the collective variable for an initial state . Other parameters used are , , (solid line), and (dashed line for the case of no spin dependent atomic interaction) , and .
Finally, we provide some supporting arguments for the mean field treatment of the tunnelling dynamics. The validity of the mean field theory can be intuitively expected due to the large numbers of atom in our model. At atoms, our system is beyond the microscopic regime, and becomes at least mesoscopic if not completely macroscopic. We note that the period of magnetization oscillation, given in Eq. (10), has a simple dependence on the number of atoms . Following the same analysis as in Ref. zhang04 , we can estimate the effect of atom number fluctuations by , which is less than for the present system. We have simply taken the standard deviation of the atom number fluctuation to be consistent with the mean field theory. We can also estimate the absolute phase diffusion times of our system due to atom number fluctuations. The spin symmetric interaction in a spin-1 condensate, gives rise to a diffusion time of (seconds) for the overall condensate phase; while the spin asymmetric interaction, gives rise to a diffusion time of (seconds) for the relative phases between different condensate components. In the above estimates, we have simply taken as for a scalar condensate you and for the spin mixing dynamics law98 . We have also assumed an average condensate density of for Rb atoms, which corresponds to a typical Josephson oscillation period of (second). Thus we conclude that macroscopic magnetization tunnelling in a spinor condensate as modelled here can be examined faithfully with the mean field theory. We further note that in a recent experiment with a smaller number of atoms , the nonlinear Josephson oscillations observed were in complete agreement with the predictions of the mean field theory albiez04 .
In conclusion, we have studied the double well system of a spin-1 atomic condensate using the mean field theory and SMA. We have characterized the various regimes of the nonlinear dynamics for the resulting macroscopic quantum tunnelling phenomena. In addition to features commonly attached to the scalar Josephson dynamics of a single component condensate in a double well, e.g. coherent atomic population oscillation and macroscopic self-trapping raghavan99 ; milburn , we have found interesting effects solely due to the spinor nature of the condensate such as the macroscopic oscillation and self-trapping of condensate magnetization without net changes of total atom numbers within each well. The physics of these correlated tunnelling dynamics is essentially the same as what was found before in a double well system of a two component (or spin 1/2) condensate law , but can become significantly richer due to the additional freedom in atomic internal states. For instance, amplitude modulations in the magnetization oscillation become possible in a spin-1 condensate. We have illustrated the tunnelling induced macroscopic magnetization oscillations with several examples for a spin-1 condensate of ferromagnetic interactions. Our results highlight the coherent Josephson dynamics of a spinor condensate in a double well, and lay the ground work for future studies of the quantum state of atoms in such a system.
We thank Dr. A. Smerzi for helpful comments and discussions. O.E.M. acknowledges support from a TÜBA/GEBİP award. The work of L. Y. is supported by the NSF and NASA.
References
 - (1) A. J. Leggett, S. Chakravarty, A. T. Dorsey, M. P. A. Fisher, A. Garg, W. Zwerger, Rev. Mod. Phys. 59, 1 (1987); A. J. Leggett, in Chance and Matter, eds. J. Souletie, J. Vannimenus, and R. Stora (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1987).
 - (2) A. J. Leggett and A. Garg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 857 (1985).
 - (3) A. Garg, Europhys. Lett. 22, 205 (1993).
 - (4) E. M. Chudnovsky and J. Tejada, Macroscopic Quantum Tunneling of the Magnetic Moment, Cambridge Studies in Magnetism, Vol. 4 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1998).
 - (5) L. Gunther and B. Barbara, eds., Quantum Tunneling of Magnetization - QTM'94, Vol. 301 of NATO Advanced Study Institute, (Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1995).
 - (6) J. Villain, F. Hartman-Boutron, R. Sessoli, and A. Rettori, Europhys. Lett. 27, 159 (1994).
 - (7) T. Lis, Acta Crystallogr. B 36, 2042 (1980).
 - (8) K. Wieghart, K. Pohl, I. Jibril, and G. Huttner, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 23, 77 (1984).
 - (9) D. D. Awschalom, J. F. Smyth, G. Grinstein, D. P. DiVincenzo, and D. Loss, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 3092 (1992); A. Garg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1541 (1993).
 - (10) D. M. Stemper-Kurn, M. R. Andrews, A. P. Chikkatur, S. Inouye, H.-J. Miesner, J. Stenger, and W. Ketterle, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 2027 (1998).
 - (11) M. Barrett, J. Sauer, and M. S. Chapman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 010404 (2001).
 - (12) H. Pu, W. Zhang, P. Meystre, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 090401 (2002).
 - (13) A. Marchenkov, R. W. Simmonds, S. Backhaus, A. Loshak, J. C. Davis, and


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If you're interested in discovering more about this historic holiday, then you should examine out the October 2021 printable calendar. Even if you're not a military buff, this calendar can assist you find out more about our nation's past.
The eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth month of the year, called "the dark ages", marked the beginning of the Dark Ages within the calendar. October 2021 was likewise the first day that America became a country.
Source image: opzetzwembadshop.nl


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How to detect the quality of potentiometers?
1.The circuit graphic symbol of the dual coaxial potentiometer in the circuit is shown in figure 1. When the pointer multimeter is used to detect the quality of the double coaxial potentiometer, the suitable electrical barrier of the multimeter is selected according to the resistance value of the detected double potentiometer.
First, the detection method of resistance value.
The resistance values of two groups of potentiometers on the double potentiometer are measured by using the two pens of the pointer multimeter, that is, the resistance values between A and C and A 'and C' in figure 4. Under normal circumstances, the resistance values of the two should be basically the same.
Fig. 1 the circuit graphic symbol of the double coaxial potentiometer in the circuit.
Second, the detection method of synchronization performance.
The A and C and A and C ends of the detected double potentiometer are short connected by a short wire, and then the resistance value between the center head B and B'of the potentiometer is measured by using a multimeter two-meter pen. Under normal circumstances, no matter where the shaft of the double potentiometer turns, the resistance value between the two points B and B should be equal to the resistance value between A and C or between A and C, that is to say, The pointer to the multimeter should always remain unchanged at the scale of the A and C or A' and C resistance values.
If the pointer of the multimeter is found to deflect, it means that the synchronization performance of the detected double potentiometer is poor and cannot continue to be used.
2. A method of detecting an adjustable resistor.
Adjustable resistor is also called adjustable potentiometer and fine-tuning potentiometer. Because of its small size, its rotating Reed is easy to loosen. When testing, you can use a multimeter to measure the resistance on both ends of the foot. If there is no indication of resistance value, it indicates that the Reed is loose or the diaphragm has been burned out; If the Reed is loose, you can clamp it with a pointed mouth clamp, measure the resistance between the middle pin and any pin on both sides, and rotate the Reed at the same time to see if the pointer on the table changes with the rotation angle, and if there is no change, it is damaged.
For the fine-tuning potentiometer with poor contact, it can be cleaned with gasoline or alcohol first, and then the new parts can be replaced when the cleaning is invalid.
If you want to know more, our website has product specifications for potentiometers, you can go to ALLICDATA ELECTRONICS LIMITED to get more information


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SettingsSavedEventArgs Class
Provides data for the ClientSettingsProvider.SettingsSaved event.
Namespace: System.Web.ClientServices.Providers
Assembly: System.Web.Extensions (in System.Web.Extensions.dll)
Public Class SettingsSavedEventArgs _
 Inherits EventArgs
The SettingsSavedEventArgs type exposes the following members.
Public methodSettingsSavedEventArgsInitializes a new instance of the SettingsSavedEventArgs class.
Public propertyFailedSettingsListGets the settings that the ClientSettingsProvider was unable to save to the server.
The ClientSettingsProvider.SettingsSaved event occurs after the settings provider accesses the settings service, even if the settings were not successfully saved. One reason that the provider might fail to save the settings is if the current user has been logged out. You can use the FailedSettingsList property to determine whether any settings were not successfully saved.
This event does not occur if the settings provider cannot access the settings service, which instead causes the provider to throw a WebException.
For more information about handling events, see Consuming Events.
The following example code demonstrates how to use this class to display a list of settings that were not successfully saved.
Private WithEvents settingsProvider As ClientSettingsProvider = My.Settings _
Private Sub Form1_SettingsSaved(ByVal sender As Object, _
 ByVal e As SettingsSavedEventArgs) _
 Handles settingsProvider.SettingsSaved
 'If any settings were not saved, display a list of them.
 If e.FailedSettingsList.Count > 0 Then
 Dim failedSettings As String = String.Join( _
 Environment.NewLine, e.FailedSettingsList.ToArray())
 Dim message As String = String.Format("{0}{1}{1}{2}", _
 "The following setting(s) were not saved:", _
 Environment.NewLine, failedSettings)
 MessageBox.Show(message, "Unable to save settings", _
 MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Warning)
 End If
End Sub
.NET Framework
Supported in: 4, 3.5
Community Additions
© 2014 Microsoft


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A patent application from Apple published on Thursday shows the company is looking at ways to turn your iPhone into a personal assistant that learns from your actions. The patent describes how your iPhone could change the way it displays information and apps based on your habits or mood, and how it could anticipate your needs based on your activities.
Apple patent shows an iPhone that knows your mood and what you're doing
Apple's "Determining Preferential Device Behavior" patent describes a system where a device can learn based on a user's behaviors and then build profiles tailored to a specific person. The device could also track moods and use that information to help improve personalization, according to Patently Apple.
The system can also use location tracking to help deliver data and features in context. It could, for example, know when you're at work, at home, or on vacation, and adapt to each situation. If you leave on vacation, your iPhone could automatically shut off your morning alarm, and then reenable it after you return home.
Moods could be detected using the iPhone's built-in cameras and facial recognition, or voice recognition through the built-in mic. In essence, your iPhone could watch and listen to you all the time, just like a real personal assistant would, and react to your needs and mood.
The patent also makes mention of biometric sensors, hinting that the system could also be used as part of Apple's rumored health and fitness tracking plans.
A patent application isn't a promise of coming features, but this one does offer some interesting insight into what Apple may be considering for future iPhone models. An iPhone that can anticipate our needs and react based on what we're doing or how we're feeling, almost like a real person sounds like a very compelling feature.


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**Cat Eye and Adaptive Lighting: Illuminating Special Conditions with Precision**
Chevrolet's Cat Eye design, renowned for its aesthetic allure, goes beyond mere visual appeal. One of its standout features lies in the ability to adapt its illumination to special driving conditions, ensuring optimal visibility and safety. In this article, we explore how the Cat Eye's adaptive lighting system navigates various challenging scenarios with precision.
**1. Dynamic Turn Signals:**
Cat Eye's adaptive lighting system often includes dynamic turn signals, enhancing visibility during turns or lane changes. The lights intuitively follow the direction of the vehicle's movement, alerting other road users to your intended actions. This feature is especially valuable in busy urban environments or on highways with multiple lanes.
**2. Auto-Leveling for Uneven Terrain:**
In off-road or uneven terrain conditions, the Cat Eye's adaptive lighting system incorporates auto-leveling technology. This ensures that the lights adjust to the vehicle's angle, providing consistent illumination of the road ahead. Auto-leveling contributes to a safer off-road driving experience by reducing blind spots and maintaining clear visibility.
**3. Adaptive Beam Control:**
To avoid dazzling oncoming drivers and ensure a focused beam on the road, Cat Eye's adaptive lighting system may include adaptive beam control. This technology adjusts the angle and range of the headlights based on factors such as vehicle speed, steering input, and environmental conditions. The result is a precisely controlled beam that optimizes visibility without causing discomfort to others.
**4. Weather-Responsive Lighting:**
In adverse weather conditions, such as heavy rain or snow, the Cat Eye's adaptive lighting system can respond dynamically. The lights may adjust their intensity and focus to cut through precipitation, providing a clear view of the road ahead. This adaptability enhances safety by optimizing visibility in challenging weather.
**5. Cornering Lights for Enhanced Curves:**
When navigating curves or tight corners, the Cat Eye's adaptive lighting system may activate cornering lights. These additional lights illuminate the path in the direction of the turn, enhancing peripheral visibility and reducing the risk of surprises in low-visibility scenarios. This feature is particularly beneficial during nighttime driving.
**6. Low-Speed Illumination:**
In low-speed driving scenarios, such as parking or maneuvering in tight spaces, the Cat Eye's adaptive lighting system may offer specialized low-speed illumination. This focused and controlled lighting helps drivers navigate confined spaces with precision, minimizing the risk of collisions or mishaps.
**7. Highway Mode for Extended Range:**
During highway driving, the adaptive lighting system may engage a specialized mode that extends the range of illumination. This enhances visibility for drivers at higher speeds, providing a clear view of the road ahead and potential obstacles in the distance. Highway mode contributes to a safer driving experience, especially during long-distance travel.
**8. User-Selectable Modes:**
Some Cat Eye models may offer user-selectable lighting modes, allowing drivers to customize the adaptive lighting system based on their preferences or specific driving conditions. This flexibility empowers drivers to tailor the illumination to suit their individual needs, enhancing the overall driving experience.
**Conclusion: Precision Illumination for Every Drive**
In conclusion, Chevrolet's Cat Eye design goes beyond aesthetics by incorporating an adaptive lighting system that excels in various driving conditions. Whether navigating turns, braving adverse weather, or cruising on the highway, the Cat Eye's precision illumination enhances safety and visibility. This seamless integration of style and functionality reinforces the Cat Eye's status as a beacon of innovation in automotive design.