text:
Work Package 2
Dissemination and communication
The objective of the dissemination and communication work package is to raise the awareness about the outcomes of the project and the developments that have been achieved within the Science for Prevention Academic Network. Within this work package, all key stakeholders such as public administrations, academics, relevant enterprises and research institutions, scientific and industrial experts are involved, in order to foster the impact of the project activities and results. This work package shall ensure that the project objectives, activities and methodologies developed within the project are widely promoted to the target groups defined by the dissemination and communication plan on European level and beyond.
Description of work and role of partners
Task 2.1 Development of Dissemination Plan
This task is devoted to development of effective dissemination and communication strategy and coordination of the dissemination activities within the project consortium partners. The aim of this task is to identify and structure the activities leading to the promotion of the project's activities and results. The plan shall define the target groups, key messages, media channels and responsibilities. Measurable criteria of the dissemination efforts shall be selected in order to effectively evaluate each dissemination activity. The dissemination plan shall define principles to be followed by all dissemination activities in order to avoid confusion and misconceptions and to foster the quality of project communication.
Task 2.2 Realization of Dissemination Plan
This task shall be devoted to development of the project logo, promotional material, press releases, articles, leaflets, newsletters, videos, etc. Prevention Science awareness raising activities shall be linked to activities of the European Society for Prevention Research Conference (EUSPR), the European Public Health Association (EUPHA), European Institute of Studies on Prevention (IREFREA), European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), the active participation in top prevention related conferences, trade fairs and brokerage events (e.g. FP7 Proposers' Day). All dissemination activities shall be monitored and recorded during the project execution.
Task 2.3 Final Conference
Final project conference held in Brussels shall be organized informing about the project results, impact and future activities. The target audience shall include prevention relevant enterprises and research institutions, policy and decision makers, clusters, scientific and industrial experts across Europe.


text:
A Computational Comparative study of α-Glucosidase Enzyme Divergence
A Computational Comparative study of α-Glucosidase enzyme Divergence
α-Glucosidase (α-Gls) enzymes have a crucial role in digestion of carbohydrates and biosynthesis of glycoproteins. Theses enzymes hydrolyze terminal glycosidic bonds and release α-glucose from the substrate chain. They are found in prokaryotic cells, plants and mammalian tissues such as liver, blood and especially intestine. The last step of carbohydrate digestion is catalyzed by α-glucosidases (namely maltase-glucoamylase or MGAM in mammals) which results in liberation of glucose.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


I modifying a gcode file with custom toolswap codee, and I need to replace every instance of "T0" (^T0$) with a large amount of text (19 lines), which is stored in a separate file. How can I do so quickly?
There are about 100 instances that need replacement, and I can see the need to do more in the future, so I need something that does it all at once.
I tried defining a macro with q to replace one instance, hoping to run it a certain number of times, but I could only run the macro once. The macro deleted the line, and then read (:r) from the other file.
Does that work for you?
It will replace every occurence of T0 with the content of filename.
 - Thanks! That did exactly what I needed. I wasn't familiar with this type of syntax. Would you know where it is documented? – BillThePlatypus Mar 8 '19 at 1:51
 - 2
 = is a register (a special one called the "expression register"). To look up help for registers you precede them with @. So :h @=. For the specific context of expression register use in the substitution command there's :h sub-replace-expression aka :h s:\=. – B Layer Mar 8 '19 at 2:42
Your Answer


text:
We're very proud of the Dutch score in the Global Innovation Index 2013. In the table below you can see the ranking of all countries. The Netherlands scored a 4th place with an innovation score of 61.1 points.
- Switzerland is leading the score;
- The United Kingdom beats the Netherlands (but only with 0.1 point);
- The Netherlands is more innovative than the USA and Germany.
Let's focus on the Netherlands: what are the strengths and weaknesses? In the next table you find the different indicators used to identify the weaknesses and strengths of innovations in the Netherlands.
Things you might notice:
- Online e-participation and online creativity is very high (99.2);
- The low percentage of graduates in science and engineering!
Vitaphone Netherlands contributes to the high score because we develop and implement new solutions to make healthcare more efficient and effective.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Sputnik is a British theatre company dedicated to sourcing, translating and producing new Russian-language plays from Russia, Ukraine and Belarus for British audiences.
Russia has a history of theatrical innovation, and Russian playwrights have played a significant role in shaping modern European theatre. Contemporary playwriting in Russia has been going through an important and innovative period since 1991, with a prolific output by predominantly young dramatists. Young Russian playwrights are experimenting with subject and genre as well as responding to the ongoing political and social changes in their country. A number of pioneering theatres and individuals are ensuring that new playwriting talents are being produced in cities across Russia. Sputnik is bringing these playwrights and their plays to British audiences. The Sputnik team is thereby also highlighting the acute importance of theatre as a benchmark for issues of freedom of speech in Putin's Russia.
Sputnik has previously collaborated with Professors Julie Curtis and Philip Bullock to organise a workshop on 21st century Russian-language theatre from Moscow and Kiev, entitled 'Back to the USSR?' The workshop included a collaboration with the Theatre Royal Plymouth to develop and stage a preliminary rehearsed reading of a new play about historical memory and the Stalin era. This play has since been performed in London and Plymouth.
The partnership with Creative Multilingualism centres on the organisation of further workshops leading to at least one full theatre production.


Logo: Relish
 1. Sign in
Project: RSpec Core 3.8
Bisect
 - @with-clean-spec-opts
RSpec's --order random and --seed options help surface flickering examples that only fail when one or more other examples are executed first. It can be very difficult to isolate the exact combination of examples that triggers the failure. The --bisect flag helps solve that problem.
Pass the --bisect option (in addition to --seed and any other options) and RSpec will repeatedly run subsets of your suite in order to isolate the minimal set of examples that reproduce the same failures.
At any point during the bisect run, you can hit ctrl-c to abort and it will provide you with the most minimal reproduction command it has discovered so far.
To get more detailed output (particularly useful if you want to report a bug with bisect), use --bisect=verbose.
Background
Given
a file named "lib/calculator.rb" with:
class Calculator
 def self.add(x, y)
 x + y
 end
end
And
a file named "spec/calculator_1_spec.rb" with:
require 'calculator'
RSpec.describe "Calculator" do
 it 'adds numbers' do
 expect(Calculator.add(1, 2)).to eq(3)
 end
end
And
files "spec/calculator_2_spec.rb" through "spec/calculator_9_spec.rb" with an unrelated passing spec in each file
And
a file named "spec/calculator_10_spec.rb" with:
require 'calculator'
RSpec.describe "Monkey patched Calculator" do
 it 'does screwy math' do
 # monkey patching Calculator affects examples that are
 # executed after this one!
 def Calculator.add(x, y)
 x - y
 end
 expect(Calculator.add(5, 10)).to eq(-5)
 end
end
Scenarios
Use '--bisect' flag to create a minimal repro case for the ordering dependency
When
I run rspec --seed 1234
Then
the output should contain "10 examples, 1 failure"
When
I run rspec --seed 1234 --bisect
Then
bisect should succeed with output like:
Bisect started using options: "--seed 1234"
Running suite to find failures... (0.16755 seconds)
Starting bisect with 1 failing example and 9 non-failing examples.
Checking that failure(s) are order-dependent... failure appears to be order-dependent
Round 1: bisecting over non-failing examples 1-9 .. ignoring examples 6-9 (0.30166 seconds)
Round 2: bisecting over non-failing examples 1-5 .. ignoring examples 4-5 (0.30306 seconds)
Round 3: bisecting over non-failing examples 1-3 .. ignoring example 3 (0.33292 seconds)
Round 4: bisecting over non-failing examples 1-2 . ignoring example 1 (0.16476 seconds)
Bisect complete! Reduced necessary non-failing examples from 9 to 1 in 1.26 seconds.
The minimal reproduction command is:
 rspec ./spec/calculator_10_spec.rb[1:1] ./spec/calculator_1_spec.rb[1:1] --seed 1234
When
I run rspec ./spec/calculator_10_spec.rb[1:1] ./spec/calculator_1_spec.rb[1:1] --seed 1234
Then
the output should contain "2 examples, 1 failure"
Ctrl-C can be used to abort the bisect early and get the most minimal command it has discovered so far
When
I run rspec --seed 1234 --bisect and abort in the middle with ctrl-c
Then
bisect should fail with output like:
Bisect started using options: "--seed 1234"
Running suite to find failures... (0.17102 seconds)
Starting bisect with 1 failing example and 9 non-failing examples.
Checking that failure(s) are order-dependent... failure appears to be order-dependent
Round 1: bisecting over non-failing examples 1-9 .. ignoring examples 6-9 (0.32943 seconds)
Round 2: bisecting over non-failing examples 1-5 .. ignoring examples 4-5 (0.3154 seconds)
Round 3: bisecting over non-failing examples 1-3 .. ignoring example 3 (0.2175 seconds)
Bisect aborted!
The most minimal reproduction command discovered so far is:
 rspec ./spec/calculator_10_spec.rb[1:1] ./spec/calculator_1_spec.rb[1:1] ./spec/calculator_3_spec.rb[1:1] --seed 1234
When
I run rspec ./spec/calculator_10_spec.rb[1:1] ./spec/calculator_1_spec.rb[1:1] ./spec/calculator_3_spec.rb[1:1] --seed 1234
Then
the output should contain "3 examples, 1 failure"
Use '--bisect=verbose' to enable verbose debug mode for more detail
When
I run rspec --seed 1234 --bisect=verbose
Then
bisect should succeed with output like:
Bisect started using options: "--seed 1234" and bisect runner: :fork
Running suite to find failures... (0.16528 seconds)
 - Failing examples (1):
 - ./spec/calculator_1_spec.rb[1:1]
 - Non-failing examples (9):
 - ./spec/calculator_10_spec.rb[1:1]
 - ./spec/calculator_2_spec.rb[1:1]
 - ./spec/calculator_3_spec.rb[1:1]
 - ./spec/calculator_4_spec.rb[1:1]
 - ./spec/calculator_5_spec.rb[1:1]
 - ./spec/calculator_6_spec.rb[1:1]
 - ./spec/calculator_7_spec.rb[1:1]
 - ./spec/calculator_8_spec.rb[1:1]
 - ./spec/calculator_9_spec.rb[1:1]
Checking that failure(s) are order-dependent..
 - Running: rspec ./spec/calculator_1_spec.rb[1:1] --seed 1234 (n.nnnn seconds)
 - Failure appears to be order-dependent
Round 1: bisecting over non-failing examples 1-9
 - Running: rspec ./spec/calculator_1_spec.rb[1:1] ./spec/calculator_6_spec.rb[1:1] ./spec/calculator_7_spec.rb[1:1] ./spec/calculator_8_spec.rb[1:1] ./spec/calculator_9_spec.rb[1:1] --seed 1234 (0.15302 seconds)
 - Running: rspec ./spec/calculator_10_spec.rb[1:1] ./spec/calculator_1_spec.rb[1:1] ./spec/calculator_2_spec.rb[1:1] ./spec/calculator_3_spec.rb[1:1] ./spec/calculator_4_spec.rb[1:1] ./spec/calculator_5_spec.rb[1:1] --seed 1234 (0.19708 seconds)
 - Examples we can safely ignore (4):
 - ./spec/calculator_6_spec.rb[1:1]
 - ./spec/calculator_7_spec.rb[1:1]
 - ./spec/calculator_8_spec.rb[1:1]
 - ./spec/calculator_9_spec.rb[1:1]
 - Remaining non-failing examples (5):
 - ./spec/calculator_10_spec.rb[1:1]
 - ./spec/calculator_2_spec.rb[1:1]
 - ./spec/calculator_3_spec.rb[1:1]
 - ./spec/calculator_4_spec.rb[1:1]
 - ./spec/calculator_5_spec.rb[1:1]
Round 2: bisecting over non-failing examples 1-5
 - Running: rspec ./spec/calculator_1_spec.rb[1:1] ./spec/calculator_4_spec.rb


text:
noun. ['ˈskuːtɝ'] large black diving duck of northern parts of the northern hemisphere.
- genus Melanitta
- common scoter
- Melanitta nigra
- sea duck
Words that Rhyme with Scooter
Example sentences of the word scooter
1. Noun, singular or mass
Pulling it will allow you to remove the kickstart from the side of your scooter.
noun. ['ˈskuːtɝ'] a sailing vessel with runners and a cross-shaped frame; suitable for traveling over ice.
noun. ['ˈskuːtɝ'] a motorboat resembling a motor scooter.
- sea scooter
noun. ['ˈskuːtɝ'] a wheeled vehicle with small wheels and a low-powered gasoline engine geared to the rear wheel.
- wheeled vehicle
noun. ['ˈskuːtɝ'] child's two-wheeled vehicle operated by foot.


text:
Coherence and Scale of Vertical Velocity in the Convective Boundary Layer from a Doppler Lidar
- First Online:
We utilized a Doppler lidar to measure integral scale and coherence of vertical velocity w in the daytime convective boundary layer (CBL). The high resolution 2 μm wavelength Doppler lidar developed by the NOAA Environmental Technology Laboratory was used to detect the mean radial velocity of aerosol particles. It operated continuously in the zenith-pointing mode for several days in the summer 1996 during the "Lidars in Flat Terrain" experiment over level farmland in central Illinois. We calculated profiles of w integral scales in both the alongwind and vertical directions from about 390 m height to the CBL top. In the middle of the mixed layer we found, from the ratio of the w integral scale in the vertical to that in the horizontal direction, that the w eddies are squashed by a factor of about 0.65 as compared to what would be the case for isotropic turbulence. Furthermore, there is a significant decrease of the vertical integral scale with height. The integral scale profiles and vertical coherence show that vertical velocity fluctuations in the CBL have a predictable anisotropic structure. We found no significant tilt of the thermal structures with height in the middle part of the CBL.
KeywordsCoherence Convective boundary layer Integral scale Lidar Turbulence
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.


text:
The capstan on an old ship.
- an apparatus, mainly on ships, around which cables or hawsers are wound for hoisting anchors, lifting weights, etc.: it consists of an upright, spool-shaped cylinder that is turned on an inner shafting by machinery or by hand
- a rotating spindle in a tape recorder mechanism that regulates the speed at which the tape is driven past the head
Origin of capstanMiddle English ; from Old ProvenÃ§al cabestan ; from uncertain or unknown; perhaps Classical Latin capistrum, halter, muzzle ; from capere, to take: see have
- Nautical An apparatus used for hoisting weights, consisting of a vertical spool-shaped cylinder that is rotated manually or by machine and around which a cable is wound.
- A small cylindrical shaft used to drive magnetic tape at a constant speed in a tape recorder.
Origin of capstanMiddle English, from Norman French, from Old Provençal cabestan, from cabestre, noose, from Latin capistrum, halter, probably from capere, to seize; see kapin Indo-European roots.
- (nautical) A vertical cleated drum or cylinder, revolving on an upright spindle, and surmounted by a drumhead with sockets for bars or levers. It is much used, especially on shipboard, for moving or raising heavy weights or exerting great power by traction upon a rope or cable, passing around the drum. It is operated either by steam power or by a number of men walking around the capstan, each pushing on the end of a lever fixed in its socket.
- (electronics) A rotating spindle used to move recording tape through the mechanism of a tape recorder.
- catnaps, cat naps
From French cabestan, of uncertain origin.
capstan - Computer Definition
On magnetic tape drives, a motorized cylinder that traps the tape against a free-wheeling roller and moves it at a regulated speed.


text:
Muir of Dinnet NNR in Aberdeenshire. Or any landscape where there are defining features in the background, foreground and middle distance. Could take place indoors if digital images of the preferred landscape can be taken, and from it an outline landscape provided for students to complete
Level 3 (Scotland)
This activity is for teachers, rangers and / or group leaders to use
This activity involves investigating a grid square on an OS Map, identifying and describing different landscape types within it. Through field sketching at a chosen site, pupils are encouraged to compare and present perceptions of landscape and land use before and after their visit.


Pseudonymisation refers to the processing of data in such a way that it can no longer be assigned to a specific person without the involvement of further data. All other data must be stored and protected separately. Pseudonymisation is one of the possible measures of privacy by design. One example is the use of a nickname in social networks or forums.
An idea related to pseudonymisation is anonymisation. This means adapting personal data so that it can no longer be assigned to an individual person. True anonymisation can hardly be achieved without aggregation or falsification of data, so that (supposed) anonymisation can almost always be reversed if data sets are sufficiently large.
Article 4(5) GDPR (Definitions)
Source: Regulation (EU) 2016/679


LINGUIST List 3.440
Tue 26 May 1992
Qs: Telugu, Mandarin, Voice Projection, Dictionaries
Editor for this issue: <>
 1. Zvi Gilbert, Phonology of Telugu
 2. S Wang, Retroflex Suffix in Mandarin Chinese
 3. Laurie Bauer, Query: voice projection
 4. Victor Raskin, Brief E-Dictionaries
Message 1: Phonology of Telugu
Date: Sat, 23 May 1992 15:37:13Phonology of Telugu
From: Zvi Gilbert <>
Subject: Phonology of Telugu
I am a master's student writing my thesis this summer in the phonology
of sandhi processes in Telugu. I have dug around a lot in the
references to Telugu in the linguistics literature, but it is certain
that I have missed some.
If you have any references to the phonology of Telugu, could you
please mail them to me? I will of course acknowlege any assistance.
I have the two basic references for Telugu consonantal sandhi:
Krishnamurti, 1957 and Bhaskararao, 1982, as well as the work in
Language by Wilkinson, 1974. Did he ever publish again on this topic?
Thanks in advance to all.
--Zvi Gilbert
Message 2: Retroflex Suffix in Mandarin Chinese
Date: Tue, 26 May 92 00:24:13 BSRetroflex Suffix in Mandarin Chinese
From: S Wang <>
Subject: Retroflex Suffix in Mandarin Chinese
A little while ago I put in a mail asking for ideas about
experiments in Mandarin Chinese for my Masters Thesis.
Thanks very much for all the replies I recieved, there were lots of
great ideas and suggestions.
What I've decided to do is as comprehensive a study as I can of the
retroflex suffix in Beijing Mandarin (this is the -r suffix added to
words often as a dimintive or to show affection).
I'm going to be working on it full time over the next three months,
here in the linguistics department of Edinburgh Univeristy.
Some of the aspects I will be considering will be:
1) Phonetics: What are its acoustic and tonal characteristics? How
 does it relate to stress?
2) Phonology: What are the phonological rules governing how it
 interacts with the preceding syllable?
3) Syntax: Which syntactic categories can it go on? Can it ever
 affect the syntax of the word it is attached to? (I doubt it!)
4) Semantics: Which semantic categories is it most at home on? Can it
 ever change the meaning? (I doubt this too)
5) Pragmatics: When is it used, and what does it signify?
Idealy I would like to find a computerised corpus and search it for
sentences with the suffix in. Then I'll get native speakers to record
them onto DAT, so that I can make acoustic measurements and also work
out the phonological rules. I will do an analysis of the syntactic
and semantic categories of the words the suffix is attached to,
and find out, as far as I can, the pragmatic situations in which it is used.
If I can't find a computerised corpus, then I'll have to extract the
data by hand from a selection of books, newspapers etc.
If anyone knows where I could find a corpus of Mandarin Chinese,
or has any ideas, comments, or references about the retroflex
suffix, then please do let me know. Anything you can say
would be very useful.
Thanks very much,
Sophia Wang.
Sophia Wang
Department of Linguistics
Adam Furgeson Building
Edinburgh University
E-Mail: As header, or sophiaed.ling
Message 3: Query: voice projection
Date: Mon, 25 May 1992 10:40:00 Query: voice projection
From: Laurie Bauer <>
Subject: Query: voice projection
The other day I was speaking to a (non-linguist) colleague about the (lack of)
ability of university lecturers to project their voices. He said (and I quote
as nearly as I can recall) 'The main problem is that they speak down here
[indicating the ventral pharyngeal wall] rather than in the front of their
mouths'. This person has successfully taught voice production, but I could not
interpret what he meant. Clearly raised larynx or general palatalization --
both of which seemed possible interpretations -- were not what was meant. Can
anyone interpret this expression? More generally, is there any source which
interprets in phonetic terms the weird but apparently effective instructions of
speech and singing teachers, such as'sing with your forehead'?
Laurie Bauer
Message 4: Brief E-Dictionaries
Date: Mon, 25 May 92 21:26:57 ESBrief E-Dictionaries
From: Victor Raskin <>
Subject: Brief E-Dictionaries
I am posting it for a friend in Russia. She has a limited e-mail
connection, so please direct your responses to me. I will summarize
them for her and, if appropriate, for the list. This is just a query,
not at all a commercial. This is her unedited message:
"My firm produces electronic dictionaries - two of them, Engish-Russian
and Russian-English general dictionaries, are in the process of development
now, and one terminoligical dictionary (business and commerce, 6.700
entries) is already in sale. We intend to develope several series of
terminological dictionaries of small volume - from 1000 to 5000 entries
each. I'd like to know, are there any electronic terminological dictionaries
into US software market? I saw in price-lists only thesauruses,
synonim dictionaries and two (and more)-language general lexics dictionaries.
May be Americans use modem-link with big terminological databases instead of
standalone programes? I'll be very grateful to you for any information
on US electronic terminological dictionaries and their sales prices."
Victor Raskin
Professor of English and Linguistics _PHONE_
Chair, Interdepartmental Program in Linguistics _PHONE_ fax
Coordinator, Natural Language Processing Laboratory
Purdue University
W. Lafayette, IN 47907 U.S.A.


text:
The coordination of mechanical, electrical, plumbing (MEP) and architecture is a most important task in BIM projects. Open data exchange based on BIM formats such as the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) is an important basis for advanced collaboration in complex project environments. It facilitates performance-based design concepts as multidisciplinary teams can more easily combine task-specific design and simulation tools. An analysis of the IFC4 standard pointed out, that MEP components are not sufficiently specified yet in order to provide such functionality. Moreover, MEP specific guidelines and process models describing the various interactions between architectural and MEP design in a BIM project are still lacking. This paper thus presents a comprehensive MEP data model that complements the current state of IFC. In addition, an associated BIM process model using Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) that outlines the application of the data model in different design stages of a project is introduced. For this purpose, we take an air-handling unit as example and apply the developed model to an air-handling unit of a campus building at Graz University of Technology. The presented results support architects, MEP engineers, and BIM managers in the project-specific implementation of air-handling unit models and the set-up of a suitable process for the integration into the project.
Full Text (PDF)


text:
℞ 7: Get character number by name
Unicode allows you to refer to characters by number or by name. Computers don't care, but humans do. When you have a character name, you can translate it to its number with the charnames pragma:
use charnames (); my $number = charnames::vianame("GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SIGMA");
This is, of course, the opposite of Get Character Names by Number.
See Characters and Their Numbers to translate from this number to the appropriate character.
Previous: ℞ 6: Get Character Names by Number
Series Index: The Standard Preamble

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


1
Configuration Archiving
Problem
You want to automatically maintain an archive of router configuration files.
Solution
To create an archive of old configuration files, use the following set of commands:
Router1#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router1(config)#archive
Router1(config-archive)#path slot0:/configs/$h
Router1(config-archive)#write-memory
Router1(config-archive)#time-period 1440
Router1(config-archive)#end
Router1#

Discussion
Starting with IOS Version 12.3(4)T, Cisco introduced the ability to archive IOS configuration files. Once the feature is enabled, the router's configuration is stored in the archive each time you issue a write memory or copy running-config startup-config. In our example, we chose to save the archive configuration files on the flash card in slot0; however, you can also store the configuration files remotely using such protocols as TFTP.
Before the router can store the files in the location we've configured, we first need to create the directory configs. You don't need to store the archive files within a directory, but it's a good idea to keep the archive files together and away from other files such as IOS images. To create a directory in flash, use the mkdir command:
Router1#cd slot0:
Router1#mkdir configs
Create directory filename [configs]?
Created dir slot0:/configs
Router1#
Once the directory is created, the router will begin to automatically store its router configuration files each time you save the configuration file to NVRAM. In addition, you will notice that we configured a periodic archive every 1,440 minutes, or once a day. This is purely optional, but is a nice feature to enableespecially if you're saving the router configuration files to a remote server.
To view the archive configuration, use the show archive command:
Router1#show archive
There are currently 5 archive configurations saved.
The next archive file will be named slot0:/configs/Router1-5
 Archive # Name
 0
 1 slot0:/configs/Router1-1
 2 slot0:/configs/Router1-2
 3 slot0:/configs/Router1-3
 4 slot0:/configs/Router1-4 <- Most Recent
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
 10
 11
 12
 13
 14
Router1#
Notice that we already have five archived configurations saved. Also notice the name of each file begins with the hostname and has a suffix of "-" and a number. If you recall, we configured the path to include "$h", which automatically uses the hostname to name the archive files. You can choose to explicitly name the archive files yourself but this provides a nice easy way to name the files, especially if you're configuring a group or routers at once using a script. You can also choose to include a date/time stamp in the filename as well by including the "$t" variable in the filename:
Router1(config-archive)#path slot0:/configs/$h$t
The file numbering is automatically tagged on to the end of each filename to ensure uniqueness and allow you to determine the order of creation. By default, 14 archive files are stored; however, you can adjust the number of archive files by using the maximum command:
Router1#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router1(config)#archive
Router1(config-archive)#maximum 10
Router1(config-archive)#end
Router1#
The router automatically overwrites the oldest archive once the maximum number of archives is reached to ensure you always have the more recent archive files available.
Another useful feature of maintaining a configuration files archive is the ability to view the differences between archive files and the ability to perform a configuration rollback. For instance, to view the configuration differences between the current running configuration and a particular archive file, use the following command:
Router1#show archive config differences slot0:/configs/Router1-1
Contextual Config Diffs:
+ip cef
-no ip cef
Router1#
In this simple example, the only difference is that we've disabled ip cef. Notice that commands added to the configuration file are marked with a "+" sign and commands removed from the file are marked with a "-" sign.
Say you wish to resort back to a previous configuration archive file. We recommend that you first store the current running configuration file by using the archive config EXEC command, and then issue the configure replace command. In the next example we chose to roll back the configuration to the archive file named "Router1-1":
Router1#archive config
Router1#configure replace slot0:/configs/Router1-1
This will apply all necessary additions and deletions
to replace the current running configuration with the
contents of the specified configuration file, which is
assumed to be a complete configuration, not a partial
configuration. Enter Y if you are sure you want to proceed. ? [no]: y
Total number of passes: 1
Rollback Done
Router1#
This is a nice feature, since it provides an elegent method of rolling back the configuration file in case you make a mistake or a new feature didn't work as planned.
See Also
Recipe 1.18
Router Configuration and File Management
Router Management
User Access and Privilege Levels
TACACS+
IP Routing
RIP
EIGRP
OSPF
BGP
Frame Relay
Handling Queuing and Congestion
Tunnels and VPNs
Dial Backup
NTP and Time
DLSw
Router Interfaces and Media
Simple Network Management Protocol
Logging
Access-Lists
DHCP
NAT
First Hop Redundancy Protocols
IP Multicast
IP Mobility
IPv6
MPLS
Security
Appendix 1. External Software Packages
Appendix 2. IP Precedence, TOS, and DSCP Classifications
Index
Cisco IOS Cookbook
Cisco IOS Cookbook (Cookbooks (OReilly))
ISBN: _PHONE_
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The arabian horse in russia has a very long history, going all the way back to the 12 th century ivan the terrible had arabians in his stables in the 1500s, and in the 18 th century there were around 100 active arabian breeding stallions in russia. There you will find an indexed list of links to online resources for exploring the characteristics and history of individual horse breeds horses: arabian. These characteristics were what attracted early day cavalry men to include the arabian breed in the production of their horses, for these characteristics were what gave soundness to their horses in the long marches. Arabian horse's wiki: the arabian or arab horse (arabic: الحصان العربي [ ħisˤaːn ʕarabiː], dmg ḥiṣān ʿarabī) is a breed of horse that originated on the arabian peninsula with a distinctive head shape and high tail carriage, the arabian is one of the most easily recognizable.
The welara is a part-arabian breed of pony, owing its origination to the welsh pony as well as the arabian horse this newly developed equine breed is gradually gaining popularity in a variety of disciplines including show jumping and pleasure riding since they possess an energetic, hardy nature as well as a gentle and generous disposition. History of the breed characteristics, but is more horse-like in its body proportions and character though most of the arabian horses: fine-boned, delicate. Why consider the history and ravaging turmoil caused by the wars with the mongols, tatars, turks, germans and russians because in analyzing the field advantage it was the arabian horses' superior agility. Arabian horse history in ancient times, the arabian horse was mainly used by riders into war arabian horse characteristics arabian horses have a curved neck.
This horse had a wedge-shaped head, large eye socket and small muzzle, all characteristics of the arabian horse arabian horse history & heritage. The arabian horse is a breed of horse with a reputation for intelligence, spirit, and staminawith a distinctive head shape and high tail carriage, the arabian is one of the most easily recognizable horse breeds in the world. The polish quest for arabian horses horse breeds and their characteristics, the history of polish arabians did not die either in 1843, another nobleman. 10 fascinating facts about horses let's honor them by taking a look at some of the more interesting aspects of their life and history arabian horses have.
Horses are the best animals, and arabian horses are the most beautiful among them and if you are not sure about that just watch this and judge by yourself. The history of the english thoroughbred is a long one records indicate that a stock of arab and barb horses was introduced into england as early as the 3rd century. Throughout history, arabian horses have spread around the world by both war and trade, used to improve other breeds by adding speed, refinement, endurance, and strong bone today, arabian bloodlines are found in almost every modern breed of riding horse.
The origin and relationships of the mustang, barb, and arabian horse characteristics of the warmblood, which is the. Arabian horses, saddles have a distinctive history characteristics by moroccotomorrow june 6, 2013 no comments the arabian horse is the original workhorse the. Sometimes referred to as the arabian, the arab is one of the most influential and respected horse breeds it is greatly admired for its intelligence, spirit, stamina, and refined profile although it may not be the stock from which all other horse breeds originated, the arab has been used in many.
That's a wrap for the 2018 canadian national arabian & half-arabian championship horse show read more. We would like to take a closer look at this breed's history, distinctive features, physical characteristics, strengths, most famous founding horses a brief history of the paint horse if you've ever seen a movie about native americans or the wild, wild west, chances are that you have also caught a glimpse of the unique paint horse. Arabian horse there are several characteristics that set the arabian horse apart from other breeds, the most noticeable being their face.
Arabians are a very popular breed of horse for many equestrians many people ride arabians for show, pleasure and competition the physical characteristics of the arabian breed include a dish face, large, wide-set eyes, broad forehead, small, curved ears and large nostrils. The arabian horse is a breed famous for beauty and staminait is one of the oldest horse breeds in the worldarabian horses are bred with horses of other breeds to add speed, beauty, endurance, and strong bones. Although this unique breed has had the history and the characteristics of the arabian horse a distinctive national identity for centuries, its history of the curly horse 3-3-2018 find breed information on the history and the characteristics of the arabian horse abaco barb, tujefrounding decimals homework help akhal-teke, american cream draft, american paint horse, american quarter horse. However, there is controversy as to just where the arab originated and its history is full of romance, legend, complexity and contradictions one thing we do know is that the original arabian horse was somewhat smaller than today's specimens.


1. The tallest Easter egg chocolate was made in Italy in 2011. It stood at 10.39 meters and weighed an astounding 7,200 kg
2.The art of painting eggs is called pysanka, which originated in Ukraine. It involves using wax and dyes to color the egg.
3.The term Easter gets its name from Eastre, the Anglo-Saxon goddess who symbolizes the hare and the egg.
4.Americans consume more than 16 million jelly beans during this holiday. That is enough jelly beans to circle the globe not once, not twice, but three times.
5.During the holiday, more than 90 million chocolate bunnies, 91.4 billion eggs and 700 million Peeps are produced each year in the United States alone.


What You Need to Know About Gold Nuggets
Gold begins in a raw form before it reaches our hands. Take a look through the listings available on eBay and find nuggets of various sizes.
How are nuggets and bars weighed?
Precious metals are first weighed by their manufacturers. These metals must be weighed by a market standard known as troy ounces. This measurement is important because the value of these metals is a moving target. The holding of gold, silver, and platinum shows an historic increase in value over time. Marking this value, however, is done by a live price market thats known as a spot price. For every price printed in this market, it will represent an entire troy-ounce for the metal being weighed. This means that every troy-ounce of gold would be worth whatever the current spot price is per troy ounce.
What ensures the purity of gold bars and nuggets?
Knowing the purity of any bullion product is of great importance. You can uncover that information by referring back to the maker or founder of it. Metal bars are often stamped with a seal of approval by the entity that made them. These are confirmations provided for bullion metals made into collectibles. Look for certificates for gold nuggets on eBay.
How do mint coins become rare?
The first factor to a coins rarity is age and the quantity thats been created. The variables for coins are very interesting as they rely on multiple factors, and knowing the different features of the coin to look out for can help you make a more informed choice. Here are some factors that make some eBay coins rare:
 - Timestamps - The year is always a factor. If the 100,000 copies mentioned above were only made yesterday, then this would be considered.
 - The maker - The entity that issued the gold coins play a role. Gold coins issued by the ancient Roman Empire can hold more value than even the oldest issued United States American Eagle.
 - The metal used - Gold bars or nuggets are rarer than silver, and silver is rarer than copper. These factor into the value of gold bullion collectibles of all kinds.


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Convert electron volt (eV) versus BTU - British Thermal Unit (btu)
in swapped opposite direction
from BTU - British Thermal Unit to electron volts
Or use utilized converter page with the
energy multi-units converter
|conversion result for two |
|From unit |
|Equals Result||To unit |
|1 electron volt eV||= 0.0000000000000000000002||BTU - British Thermal Unit btu|
Prefix or symbol for electron volt is: eV
Prefix or symbol for BTU - British Thermal Unit is: btu
Technical units conversion tool for energy measures. Exchange reading in electron volts unit eV into BTU - British Thermal Unit unit btu as in an equivalent measurement result (two different units but the same identical physical total value, which is also equal to their proportional parts when divided or multiplied).
How many BTU - British Thermal Unit are contained in one electron volt? To link to this energy - electron volt to BTU - British Thermal Unit units converter, only cut and paste the following code into your html.
The link will appear on your page as: on the web units converter from electron volt (eV) to BTU - British Thermal Unit (btu)


As the South Grows
Strong Roots
Read "Strong Roots," the second report in our As the South Grows series.
As the South Grows: Strong Roots cover
The South's economic history is dominated by extractive industry, artificially cheap labor, unbridled economic development, and exploitation of the region's human and natural resources. As different as the region's mountain hollers and sea islands may seem demographically, politically and economically, they share this history. The fate of Appalachian coal miners and Lowcountry farmers is linked.
And as nonprofit and community leaders in the Lowcountry and in Appalachia understand, dramatic economic transition for many Southern communities is underway. Community-led economic development organizations are breaking down barriers to access to wealth-building tools for historically excluded Southern communities. They are changing the narrative about the region's economic past and future. They are capitalizing on the South's rich assets: its people, its land and its culture.


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setbacks as they adjust to their new life, and your patience and understanding can make a significant difference in their success.
- Offer practical assistance
Help your loved one with tasks such as job searching, finding housing, and accessing community resources. Your support in these areas can alleviate some of the stress they may experience during this transition.
- Encourage open communication
Talk openly with your loved one about their feelings, concerns, and goals. Encourage them to share their experiences and listen empathetically to their struggles.
- Provide emotional support
Show your loved one that you care about their well-being and are there to support them in their journey. Encouragement, understanding, and love can go a long way in helping them overcome the challenges they face during reintegration.
Release and reintegration are crucial aspects of an inmate's journey at Northern State Prison. By understanding the parole process, accessing available reentry programs and resources, and offering support to a loved one during their reintegration, family and friends can help ensure a successful transition back into society.
Frequently Asked Questions
This section addresses common questions and concerns that family members and friends of inmates may have. Some examples include:
How can I find out if I am on the approved visitor list?
Contact the inmate's counselor or the facility directly to confirm your approved visitor status.
Can I send books or care packages to my loved one?
Policies vary by facility, so it's essential to check with Northern State Prison regarding their specific guidelines for sending books or care packages.
How can I help my loved one access educational or vocational programs?
Encourage your loved one to speak with their counselor or case manager, who can provide information about available programs and the enrollment process.
What happens if my loved one has a medical emergency while in prison?
Northern State Prison has medical staff on-site to address any emergencies or health concerns that arise. If your loved one requires additional medical attention, they may be transported to a nearby hospital.
How can I support my loved one in their efforts to stay sober while incarcerated?
Encourage your loved one to participate in substance abuse treatment programs and maintain open communication about their progress. You can also research community-based resources to help them continue their recovery upon release.
We hope that this comprehensive guide to Northern State Prison, New Jersey, has provided valuable information and resources for family members and friends of inmates. By understanding the facility's policies and procedures, maintaining open communication, and offering support, you can help your loved one navigate the challenges of incarceration and prepare for a successful reintegration into society.
Visiting Hours at Northern State Prison:
Visiting days and times at Northern State Prison will depend on what unit the inmate is housed in. Inmates are allowed a maximum of four visitors (including children) at a time.
- Main Compound inmates have visiting on:
- Saturdays and Sundays from 8:45am-10:45am (registration from 7:45am-8:45am) and from 12:45pm-2:45pm (registration from 11:45am-12:45pm).
- Infirmary inmates have visits on:
- Sundays by appointment only from 8:30am-9:30am.
- Non-contact visitation is by appointment only. Call _PHONE_ on Fridays from 9:30am-3:30pm to schedule an appointment. Visiting occurs on Mondays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays from 5:30pm-7:30pm.
- Minimum Unit inmates have visitation on:
- Saturdays and Sundays from 8am-10:30am (registration from 8am-9:45am) and from 12:30pm-3pm (registration is from 12:30pm-2:15pm).
- Administrative Close Supervision/Delta Unit have visits by appointment only. Call _PHONE_ Mondays-Fridays 8am-2:15pm. Visits occur on Wednesdays, Saturdays, and Sundays from 5pm-6pm and 6:30pm-7:30pm.
Northern State Prison
168 Frontage Road
Newark, New Jersey 07114
Inmate Mailing Address:
Inmate Name, ID Number
Northern State Prison
P.O. Box 2300
Newark, New Jersey 07114


Is Dark Chocolate Vegan? Usually, But Not Always!
is dark chocolate vegan
If you are new to the vegan diet, you will have probably questioned whether dark chocolate is vegan-friendly. Dark chocolate is made from cocoa beans, harvested from cocoa trees. Therefore, it easy to assume it passes the vegan test but that may not always be the case.
In this article, we answer the question: "Is dark chocolate vegan?"
What's in Dark Chocolate?
is chocolate vegan
The process of making chocolate is what determines if the final product is vegan-friendly or not.
The basic principle of making chocolate is the same regardless of the cocoa bean species. With the help of factory machinery, the cocoa beans are made into chocolate. Depending on the bean species there will be a few varying details during the production process.
Dark chocolate is naturally a plant-based treat. It is made from cocoa beans that come from cocoa trees.
Unlike other chocolates, i.e. milk and white chocolate, dark chocolate constitutes a high percentage of cocoa. It is also usually devoid of products such as toffees, caramel, and milk typically found in other types of chocolates.
For dark chocolate to qualify as vegan, there should be no animal products in the ingredients list. The usual ingredients found in dark chocolate are cocoa butter, sugar, vanilla, cocoa, and, occasionally, soy lecithin.
However, every now and then, manufacturers will add fillers such as artificial flavoring and food starch. The addition of these products makes that particular chocolate non-vegan friendly.
The higher the cocoa percentage the purer the dark chocolate. If you are vegan, it is important to review the ingredients list on the dark chocolate you intend to consume. This is because some dark chocolate may contain milk derivatives such as casein, milk fat, and whey.
If you are vegan, look out for dark chocolate containing any milk derivatives and cholesterol. Both of these products come from animals. Also, if the package has the statement "contains milk" as an allergen disclaimer it would be wise to avoid it.
Is it Vegan or Not?
Here comes the good news:
Yes, dark chocolate is (generally) vegan.
However, because not all dark chocolates are made equally, always verify the ingredient label. This will ensure that you do not consume chocolate that contains milk or animal-derived fillers.
There are several different types and degrees of veganism, each with varying dietary preferences. Checking the ingredients list will help you identify which dark chocolate is ideal for your dietary preference.
Additionally, there are a few chocolate brands that have a Certified Vegan Logo. The presence of the logo on a bar of chocolate means that it is suitable for vegans and vegetarians. It is also a confirmation that the chocolate does not contain any form of dairy in its ingredients.
Vegan-Friendly Dark Chocolate
The good news for chocolate-loving vegans is there are several brands that make delectable dark chocolate suitable for a vegan diet.
Lake Champlain Chocolate, for example, makes high-quality dark chocolate by using ethically sourced non-GMO ingredients. Their dark chocolate treats would effortlessly pass the vegan test.
Other vegan dark chocolates you can consider include, Newman's Own, Fanny May, Green & Black's and Trader Joe's. All these brands have organic dark chocolate suitable for vegans.
Marion is a Kenya-based freelance writer who covers a wide range of topics from politics and business to health and nutrition.
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Protect part of the worksheet
You can protect an Excel worksheet so that users are not able to make changes to the cell(s) in the worksheet. If you want to locked up the worksheet so that they are not able to make changes to it, all you have to do is to go to the menu -> Tools -> Protection -> Protect Sheet. In the pop-up box, you can enter a password and click OK. Another pop-up will appear to ask you to confirm your password. This step is to ensure that you have not mis-typed the password and end up locking yourself out from the worksheet too.
If your intention is to prevent users from touching certain cells, then you would have some extra work to do. For example, you do not want anyone to touch the entire column B in the worksheet. This is what you would have to do before you turn on worksheet protection.
 1. Select all the cells in the worksheet by clicking on the square at the top left hand corner of the worksheet (left of column A and above row number 1).
 2. Move your mouse cursor within the worksheet and click on the right mouse button.
 3. In the pop-up menu, select the item "Format Cells".
 4. In the pop-up window, select the "Protection" tab.
 5. Remove the check next to the word "Locked". This will make all the cells available for editing when worksheet protection is turned on. By default, all the cells are not available for editing when worksheet protection is turned on.
 6. Select the range you want to stop users from editing. In our example, we will lock up the entire column B.
 7. Move your cursor into the selected range and click on the right mouse button.
 8. In the pop-up menu, select the item "Format Cells".
 9. In the pop-up window, select the "Protection" tab.
 10. Check the box next to the word "Locked". This will make all the cells unavailable for editing when worksheet protection is turned on.
 11. Check the box next to the word "Hidden". This will hide all the selected cells content and formula.
 12. Click OK to exit the pop-up window.
 13. Go to the menu -> Tools -> Protection -> Protect Sheet.
 14. In the pop-up box, you can enter a password.
 15. In the box below the password entry, select the functions that you want to make
 16. available to the users. Selecting locked and unlocked cells have been checked for you.
 17. Click Okay and it is done.
The cells in Column B are now protected from editing by users.
You can also watch this video below to see how it is done.
To find out how to remove the protection WITHOUT knowing the password, complete the form below.
How to unprotect worksheet
WITHOUT password?
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An obligation of record entered into before some court of record or magistrate duly authorized, with condition to do some particular act, as to appear at the same or some other court, to keep the peace, or pay a debt. A recognizance differs from a bond, being witnessed by the record only, and not by the party's seal.
- Law An obligation of record that is entered into before a court or magistrate, containing a condition to perform a particular act, such as making a court appearance.
- Law A sum of money pledged to assure the performance of such an act.
- A recognition.
- Archaic A pledge; a token.


How to Scan 50 Miles of Historical Documents Into an Online Archive
By Jordan Kushins on at
Tracking the lightning-quick development of modern cities is easy with Google Street View, but a big new project aims to provide context for the past 1,000 years of urban evolution in Venice, Italy. The Venice Time Machine will digitalise and catalogue a staggering amount of historical documents (a combined 50 miles worth of shelves!) before turning the data into an internet archive and adaptable 3D model.
Timing-wise, it certainly lines up with the zeitgeisty rush of cultural institutions, from the Met to the New York Public Library, putting their collections online and free for the public to browse. In this case, pulling together all the documents into a cohesive whole will be a pretty epic challenge, and one that's been centuries in the making.
The archives were located in different spots around the city until 1815, when they were moved to the Frari's convent in the middle of town. Now, the stacks and stacks (and stacks and stacks) contain a millennium's worth of all kinds of handwritten texts: maps, correspondences, tax statements, architectural plans, travel guides, and peace treaties, even birth and death registries and wills.
The multi-step process, helmed by the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, the University Ca' Foscari, and the Lombard Odier Foundation, will involve significant input from both computers and people, using technology that is currently being tested and perfected. First, everything will be scanned by a semi-automatic robotic scanning unit into high resolution images, or—and this sounds incredible—a technique using "X-ray synchrotron radiation produced by a particle accelerator" will allow scanning without even turning a page.
How To Scan 50 Miles of Historical Documents Into an Online Archive
Those images will be transcribed with the help a text processor powered by the kind of algorithms used for protein structure analysis; these will detect strings of words that could be sentences.
Finally, a massive taxonomy of key phrases, people, and places will build out this interconnected, entirely searchable database. Eventually, the team believes they'll be able to create a morphing 3D model of Venice through the years, based on the gathered and synthesised info.
It will be fascinating to watch this process unfold, and its success could have major implications for putting more rare, print-only artefacts into the global mix. [Gizmag]


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- If you have an existing account that has been blocked, do not create a new account to appeal the block. Instead, contact an Administrator, as explained here
Conservapedia is made by people like you.


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Tissue functionality is determined by the characteristics of tissue-resident cells and their interactions within their microenvironment. Imaging Mass Cytometry offers the opportunity to distinguish cell types with high precision and link them to their spatial location in intact tissues at sub-cellular resolution. This technology produces large amounts of spatially-resolved high-dimensional data, which constitutes a serious challenge for the data analysis. We present an interactive visual analysis workflow for the end-to-end analysis of Imaging Mass Cytometry data that was developed in close collaboration with domain expert partners. We implemented the presented workflow in an interactive visual analysis tool; ImaCytE. Our workflow is designed to allow the user to discriminate cell types according to their protein expression profiles and analyze their cellular microenvironments, aiding in the formulation or verification of hypotheses on tissue architecture and function. Finally, we show the effectiveness of our workflow and ImaCytE through a case study performed by a collaborating specialist.
|Number of pages||13|
|Journal||IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics|
|Publication status||Published - 1 Jan 2021|
- Visual analytics
- high-dimensional images
- imaging mass cytometry
- spatial omics data


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Etched into the rustic wooden sign in front of Southside Presbyterian Church in Tucson, Arizona, are symbols from the local American Indians, the Tohono O'odham—cacti, clouds, and a figure inside a circle—along with three crosses on a hill and the proclamation, "Serving all the people of God."
Like its sign, Southside—a part of the Presbyterian Church (USA)—draws from surrounding cultures in its ministry and membership. "We take care of each other and everyone else we possibly can," said Linda Ray, a church member and volunteer.
Southside's roughly 230 members support a variety of church programs. A gospel choir enlivens Sunday morning music. A program for the homeless and migrants opens church doors on weekdays to offer showers, a meal, and an occasional haircut. Southside also believes it was the first church to be a haven for refugees fleeing Central America's civil wars in the 1980s, Ray said, igniting the sanctuary movement, which grew to include hundreds of churches. The church works with local and national coalitions for immigration reform, an end to capital punishment, and a variety of other causes.
Southside was founded in 1906 as a mission church to the Tohono O'odham. The church has gained in Latino, African-American, and white membership as the character of its neighborhood changed, said associate pastor Brandon Wert. Wert said there is a "checkered history" of white Christian evangelism of American Indians that must be acknowledged. Yet, many O'odham families have stayed in the church for generations, and all the church's cultures are represented in local Presbyterian leadership, he said.
The membership's cultures also vitalize the church's worship and fellowship. The Sunday service is usually two hours long, both Ray and Wert said, because scripture is read in English and in Spanish, and O'odham members read prayers of blessing in their language. When Latino girls turn 15 years old, they often have their traditional Quinceañera celebration with the congregation. The congregation has also held sending ceremonies for the spirits of O'odham elders—such as Alice Paul, an educator and church matriarch, who died in May 2005—upholding the O'odham belief that the person's spirit remains for a year after death, Ray said.
After discussion with nearby indigenous peoples, the church constructed an Anasazi-style circular building—called a kiva—as their worship space. "We wanted a structure that best reflected our diversity," Wert said.
Celeste Kennel-Shank is editorial projects assistant at Sojourners.!doctype>


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The Pinoleville Pomo Nation Environmental Department works toward the promotion of healthy communities with work in food and agriculture including the promotion of native plants, organic, non-GMO fruits and vegetables and
community outreach. The PPN horticultural program is designed to meet an array of critical needs for its members and the broader community including:
- Improving the diet. Native Americans suffer from a high rate of diabetes, heart disease, lupus and other lifestyle-related diseases. Fresh, organic vegetables, fruits, nuts and other produce will improve diets and health among PPN citizens.
- Improving the self-concept of Native youth. Many PPN children struggle in the school system to assert a positive cultural identity. Growing foods, fiber plants, and other resources to support themselves and to supply their neighbors will build pride and a sense of purpose. Learning specific horticultural skills will create job and recreation opportunities that can sustain that positive self-concept. As an after-school activity, horticulture also nurtures positive social relations and builds resumes for college applications.
- Restoring the local environment. For many years, PPN lands have been dumping grounds of one sort or another – for solid waste, storm water, hazardous materials, LULUs. A horticultural program that can produce plants native to local ecosystems can help restore basic ecological functions.
- Developing a sustainable economy. A horticultural program can supply food to the PPN Head Start, Big Time, and other programs and events, reducing Tribal expenses and allowing money to be invested elsewhere. We can also establish contracts to supply local restaurants, farmers' markets, and the Ukiah Natural Food Coop.
Some of the department's current and past projects include:


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TRAINING PUMPS AND COMPRESSORS PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE & DIAGNOSTICS
TRAINING PUMPS AND COMPRESSORS PROGRAM
TRAINING TROUBLESHOOTING AND DIAGNOSTIC METHODS
Pumps and compressors are generally critical machines in any production process, and hence it is vital that maintenance is most effective for these units. This course aims to provide delegates with a comprehensive understanding of how to use a combined predictive and preventive maintenance approach to achieve maximum reliability and greatest understanding of any deterioration that may occur.
Who Should Attend
Engineers, supervisory and technical staff involved in the monitoring, predictive maintenance and diagnostics of pumps and compressors.
The program assumes familiarity with the design and construction of pumps and compressors. From this starting point it adopts an analytical approach to understanding the failure of all types of pumps and compressors.
From a component-by-component perspective, the program investigates the root causes of failure, and relates these to operating conditions and process parameters. Design, installation, lubrication and wear related failure mechanisms are identified and a detailed understanding of the troubleshooting and diagnostic methods needed to detect and identify these is developed.
The program provides participants with the knowledge needed to be effective in the inspection, monitoring and diagnostics of pumps and compressors, with emphasis placed upon the importance of a combined condition monitoring and strip-down inspection approach to maintenance.
The program is delivered in a combination of lecture style and computer-based training. In addition, a significant amount of time is set aside for small working group activity when addressing case study problems. Extensive use is made of case study material to underline the key aspects of the course and to give the delegates exposure to current best practice.
PUMPS AND COMPRESSORS PROGRAM OUTLINE
Friction, lubrication and wear mechanisms.
Adhesive wear, abrasive wear, fatigue and fretting
Machinery life cycles
Mechanical issues, balancing and alignment
Statistical reliability analysis
DAY – 2
Root cause of, symptoms and detection mechanisms for imbalance
Root cause of, symptoms and detection mechanisms for looseness
Root cause of, symptoms and detection mechanisms for misalignment
Root cause of, symptoms and detection mechanisms for gear problems
Root cause of, symptoms and detection mechanisms for bearing problems
Cavitation, causes and prevention
Anti-friction bearings: types, lifetime, mounting, applications, related problems
Plain and pad bearings, thrust bearings: operation, maintenance, incidents
Mechanical seals, types, operation, related problems
Other seals for positive displacement pumps and reciprocating compressors
Performing a balance
Overall and spectral measurements
Introduction to spectrum analysis
Shape, size, amount, chemical composition of debris
The role of condition monitoring in pumps and compressor maintenance Diagnostic methods
Capabilities and limitations of condition monitoring, and the need for a combined approach
The importance of plant inspection
Measurement devices, and what to monitor and where
Jadwal Pelatihan Transindo Tahun 2021 :
- 06 – 07 Januari 2021
- 21 – 22 Januari 2021
- 09 – 10 Februari 2021
- 22 – 23 Februari 2021
- 16 – 17 Maret 2021
- 29 – 30 Maret 2021
- 07 – 08 April 2021
- 20 – 21 April 2021
- 19 – 20 Mei 2021
- 10 – 11 Juni 2021
- 22 – 23 Juni 2021
- 06 – 07 Juli 2021
- 27 – 28 Juli 2021
- 04 – 05 Agustus 2021
- 19 – 20 Agustus 2021
- 07 – 08 September 2021
- 22 – 23 September 2021
- 12 – 13 Oktober 2021
- 28 – 29 Oktober 2021
- 09 – 10 November 2021
- 23 – 24 November 2021
- 09 – 10 Desember 2021
- 20 – 21 Desember 2021
Catatan : Jadwal tersebut dapat disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan calon peserta pelatihan.
Investasi dan Lokasi pelatihan:
- Yogyakarta, Hotel Neo Malioboro (7.500.000 IDR / participant)
- Jakarta, Hotel Amaris Tendean (7.500.000 IDR / participant)
- Bandung, Hotel Neo Dipatiukur (7.500.000 IDR / participant)
- Bali, Hotel Ibis Kuta(7.500.000 IDR / participant)
- Surabaya, Hotel Amaris, Ibis Style (7.500.000 IDR / participant)
- Lombok, Sentosa Resort (7.500.000 IDR / participant)
Catatan : Apabila perusahaan membutuhkan paket in house training, anggaran investasi pelatihan dapat menyesuaikan dengan anggaran perusahaan.
- FREE Airport pickup service (Gratis Antar jemput Hotel/Bandara/Stasiun/Terminal)
- FREE Akomodasi Peserta ke tempat pelatihan.
- Module / Handout
- FREE Flashdisk
- FREE Bag or bagpackers (Tas Training)
- Training Kit (Dokumentasi photo, Blocknote, ATK, etc)
- 2xCoffe Break & 1 Lunch, Dinner
- FREE Souvenir Exclusive
- Training room full AC and Multimedia


PM Narendra Modi takes stock of conversion of nitrogen plants to make oxygen
By Express News Service
NEW DELHI: Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Sunday reviewed the progress of conversion of existing nitrogen plants to generate oxygen whose requirement has shot up across the country in the ongoing wave of the pandemic.
Modi also took stock of various measures taken to augment human resources for effective management of the COVID-19 situation as well as discussed measures such as incentivising students and pass-outs of medical and nursing courses to join the pandemic duty.
"Decisions may include delaying NEET and incentivizing MBBS pass-outs studying for it to join the Covid-19 duty. The decisions may also include utilising services of final-year MBBS and nursing students," a government source was quoted as saying by a news agency.
"In order to ramp up oxygen supplies, the government is working on converting nitrogen plants into oxygen plants. Potential industries where current nitrogen plants could be spared are being identified and converted," the PM tweeted after the review meeting.
India is hit by a devastating wave of Covid infections with the daily new cases crossed the four-lakh mark on Saturday and 3,92,488 new Covid-19 cases were reported on Sunday morning.
The surge in cases has left hospitals overwhelmed, doctors traumatised, and resources like beds, medicines, and oxygen in perilously short supply.
The Centre has identified more than two dozen nitrogen generation plants for the production of medical oxygen.
The process of converting the existing Pressure Swing Absorption (PSA) nitrogen plants for the production of oxygen was discussed in the meeting, the PMO said in a statement.
"On deliberation with the industries, so far 14 industries have been identified where conversion of plants is under progress.


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As natural predators of pest insects, woodland birds provide biological pest suppression in crop fields adjacent to woody edges. Although many birds using these habitats forage widely, earlier studies have found that most foraging activity occurs within 50 m of the woody edge. The goals of this study were to determine the primary area of use, or functional edge, for birds foraging in crop fields adjacent to woody edges, and to evaluate their foraging distance patterns. During the summers of 2005 and 2006, avian foraging behavior was observed at 12 research sites in east central Nebraska that contained either a shelterbelt or woody riparian edge. At each site, perches were provided at 10 m intervals out from the edge and insect larvae were placed in feeders at random locations to simulate a pest insect food resource. Birds were recorded foraging in five distance categories out from the edge (0–10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–40, and 40–50 m). Seven species foraged primarily within 20 m of the edge (72% all observations; 79% without perch or feeder observations). Ten species foraged throughout the plots but six of these generally foraged more often (45% and 49%) and four less often (30% and 30%) within 20 m of the edge. The 13 species that tended to forage more often within 20 m of the edge, with 56% of their foraging overall in this area, also tended to forage farther when perch and feeder observations were included, indicating willingness to forage farther when food resources were available. Based on a repeated measures analysis of variance, foraging distances appeared to be greater at sites with soybean as the planted crop, although this apparent trend was significant for only some species. There was no clear difference in foraging distances outward from shelterbelt versus riparian sites. These results indicate that conservation efforts within the 20 m functional edge offer potential to enhance the sustainability of both birds and crops in agricultural.


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The name Ben-hur in the Bible
Whether Ben-hur is a Biblical name has been disputed (because the man named Ben-hur might simply have been a "son of Hur", which is what Ben-hur means). But the Hebrew construct ben hur occurs in 1 Kings 4:8, where Ben-hur is mentioned among the twelve deputies of king Solomon of Israel. The only detail we know of this Ben-hur is that he was stationed in the region of Ephraim.
Etymology of the name Ben-hur
The name Ben-hur consists of two elements. The first part is the word בן (ben), generally meaning son:
The second part of the name Ben-hur is the same as the name Hur. The origin and meaning of the name Hur is not known for sure but that's not because there are no candidates: In fact, there are so many possibilities that we don't know which one is the right one:
The name Ben-hur may mea Son Of Hur, or it may mean One Of The Burnings/Nobles/Holes/Whites.
For a meaning of the name Hur, Jones' Dictionary of Old Testament Proper Names proposes Cavern. BDB Theological Dictionary says to have no clue, and NOBSE Study Bible Name List either takes the name Hur from another language, or bends the meaning of Noble or Freeman into Splendor.


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(CNN) -- In designing modern and sustainable buildings in the United Arab Emirates, architects are taking cues from an ancient Arabic design tradition.
A high-tech shading system running up the facade of the Al Bahar Towers in Abu Dhabi was inspired by "mashrabiya," latticed screens commonly seen in Islamic architecture that diffuse sunlight and keep buildings cool without blocking light.
"Not allowing the sun to land directly on the skin of the building, causing overheating and glare, was a very simple concept," said Abdulmajid Karanouh, the buildings' architect.
"And that's why using the mashrabiya, inspired from the past and inspired by nature, was a no brainer."
Wrapping around most of the 25-story buildings' sides, the screens are arranged as an array of repeating geometric patterns and are computer-controlled to respond to the sun's movement, unfolding like an umbrella when the sun hits them.
The screens fold closed and the automated mechanism shuts off each day after the sun goes down. The north sides of the buildings never receive direct sunlight and are left unshaded by the screens.
In Abu Dhabi, solar rays can heat the outside surface of windows up to 90 degrees Celsius, (200 degrees Fahrenheit). By shielding the glass from the sun, the screens keep the buildings cool, reduce glare and let in diffused natural light.
Using this method, the buildings require less artificial lighting and 50% less air conditioning.
With the desert sun beating down on the cities in the Gulf, solar energy is an important environmental factor in its cities. But desert dust and sand make photovoltaic panels less practical than one would expect in this part of the world.
Karanouh says even a thin layer of dust can reduce the efficiency of solar panels by nearly half, and proper maintenance means regular cleaning using water jets pumping fresh water, a scarcity in an arid country like the United Arab Emirates.
"You might find that you are spending so much energy to desalinate the water and get it to where it needs to be and then clean the panels, you'll find out that that energy may equate or even exceed the energy that you get out of the photovoltaic panels," he said.
In Qatar, the Doha Tower, a striking cylindrical building, was designed along the same lines; it is covered entirely in a latticed screen that uses a multi-layered pattern constructed of aluminum and glass.
Both structures were named as best buildings of 2012 by the Chicago-based Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitats, which recognizes sustainable architecture.
The United Arab Emirates is not normally thought of as a leader in combating climate change -- it has one of the highest levels of carbon dioxide emissions per capita in the world, according to the World Bank -- but Abu Dhabi has in recent years drawn attention for its innovative renewable energy building projects.
Most notable is Masdar City, its much-hyped, planned city that is still being constructed, It was originally slated as being a carbon neutral area but now aims for environmental sustainability. The area has green features like a 10 megawatt solar power plant and a 45-meter-tall wind tower that helps regulate air temperatures in the public square by controlling air movement.


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Ten ways to freshen up your offer
LemonIf your business is going to survive and grow, you need to move with the times. It's essential to stay in touch with what your customers want and adapt to meet the needs of the market. Follow our tips to freshen up your offer
 1. Review and research. Start by evaluating your existing products or services. Do all your lines perform as well as they once did? Try to pinpoint areas where sales have dropped, then carry out research to establish what the market wants: gather feedback from customers, for example, study relevant sector reports and assess what your competitors are doing.
 2. Pick up on trends. Make use of the internet to find out what trend-spotters are predicting. For example, if you are a retailer and there is demand for local produce, start stocking and promoting local products; if your customers are wanting to save money, offer budget versions of your line.
 3. Adopt a new look. If your packaging, logo, uniform, signage, literature or website is looking a little dated, smarten it up. A clean, modern image for your business can make your product or service considerably more enticing to new as well as existing customers.
 4. Build on what you have. Diversification is generally most successful when you offer something related to your existing offering. For example, a hairdressing business might add a manicure service, while a local garage might start offering car valeting.
 5. Review your pricing. Would offering a discount or special promotion bring you more business? For example, you could try three for two deals or introduce a loyalty card scheme.
 6. Team up with firms that complement your offer. Joint ventures and partnerships can prove mutually beneficial. For example, if you run a dress shop, you could team up with a local alterations service.
 7. Find new customers for your existing products or services. This could be by targeting an untapped customer base. For example, if you run a domestic cleaning business you might start selling your services to commercial customers. Alternatively, you might find new customers simply by using a new sales channel - such as by moving into mail order.
 8. Be prepared. Ensure you have the resources to cope with any increased business your changes bring. Remember, staff may need extra training. Check your IT systems and other business processes can handle added demand.
 9. Consider your funding needs. Work out the costs of any change in strategy and calculate whether the anticipated profits will make the investment worthwhile. You may find funding from business reserves, family and friends, the banks or equity finance. Write a detailed cash flow forecast and ensure you won't be endangering your core activities.
 10. Minimise the risks. You need to minimise the risks of any new strategy. For example, don't devote all your resources to new activities, but test market new products and services before fully launching them and where possible try to secure customer commitments up front.
If you would like to read more resources on freshening up your offer, see:


Drumhead (sign)
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The term drumhead refers to a type of removable sign that was prevalent on North American railroads of the first half of the 20th century. The sign was mounted at the rear of passenger trains, and consisted of a box with internal illumination that shone through a tinted panel bearing the logo of the railroad or specific train.[1] Since the box and the sign were usually circular in shape and resembled small drums, they came to be known as drumheads.
Railroad drumheads were removable so that they could be mounted on different passenger cars (usually on the rear of observations), as needed for specific trains.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ "ABC's of Railroading: Terms of the trade". Trains (Waukesha, WI: Kalmbach Publishing): p 22. June 1991.


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- Knowledge Management -
Knowledge Management Strategic Planning
A Knowledge Management Strategic Plan is a comprehensive approach to knowledge management. Strategic planning may take the form of a multi-year strategic plan or may be as short as six months. Strategic planning is useful for knowledge management because it helps to identify areas to focus knowledge management initiatives on. The plan could include any of the following: an introduction, purpose, challenge, vision, responsibilities, priorities, strategic activities, corporate activities, and activity timelines.
Last Review / Update: 2011-07-04


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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
March 9, 2006
MAYOR BLOOMBERG, HEALTH COMMISSIONER FRIEDEN AND SCHOOLS CHANCELLOR KLEIN ANNOUNCE A 36% DECREASE IN SMOKING AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS SINCE 2001
New Data Shows Increase in Cigarette Tax Correlates with Significant Decrease in Underage Smokers
Decrease Shows 29,000 Fewer High Schools Students 'Lighting Up' Since 2001; Since 1997, Teenage Smoking Has Declined by More Than 50%
Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg, joined by Health Commissioner Dr. Thomas R. Frieden and Schools Chancellor Joel I. Klein, today announced significant declines in smoking among high school students in New York City public schools. The findings - a result of a joint survey conducted by the City's Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) and the Department of Education (DOE) - show smoking among high school teenagers has declined 36% (from 18% to 11%) since 2001 and 52% (from 23% to 11%) since 1997. The decrease in teenage smokers correlates with a decline in adult smokers and is attributed to both an increase in the cigarette sales tax, health education and awareness programs and the Smoke Free Air Act. The Mayor announced the new findings at the High School for Art and Design in Manhattan.
"Nine out of ten of our high school students are now non-smokers," said Mayor Bloomberg. "That's terrific progress. Teenagers are making better decisions and the decline in the smoking rates proves that our efforts to curb smoking and educate them about their health choices are working. Today, teens are recognizing the true cost of cigarettes. They're finally getting the message: smoking is dangerous and has real health consequences, not only for them but for those around them. As a result, New York City teens will live longer and healthier lives."
While education programs have been successful in delivering anti-tobacco messages, increases in cigarette sales taxes have made the largest contribution to the declining number of smokers - in both teenagers and adults. Since the introduction of increased cigarette taxes in July 2002, the number of adult smokers has also declined - by 200,000 from 2002 to 2004.
"High school students often think many of their peers smoke, but the fact is nine out of 10 don't," said Commissioner Frieden. "Nearly 80% of adult smokers started smoking as adolescents, and roughly one-third of them will be killed by tobacco unless they quit."
"While we've made excellent progress," continued Commissioner Frieden, "an estimated 30,000 public high school students in New York City still smoke and nearly two-thirds of them have tried unsuccessfully to quit. The health of New Yorkers is our top priority and increasing the cost of cigarettes, making schools and workplaces smoke-free and helping smokers with their battle to quit are key ways to accomplish that."
"From better nutrition to avoiding tobacco, our education programs are geared to help our students develop early and lifelong habits for healthy living," said Chancellor Klein. "We are making school breakfasts and lunches more nutritious and more appealing to students and reemphasizing physical education, fitness and health. All of our curricula, including the Life Skills curriculum in elementary and middle grades, counsel against smoking, as do our anti-drug instructional and guidance programs. And we have smoking cessation programs for high school students who have already begun smoking. It's a priority for us to continue to maintain and improve the health and well-being of all our students."
No smoking policies are enforced in and around schools and anti-smoking instruction, intervention and prevention programs often include school and district-wide participation in national smoking prevention and awareness programs such as the Great American Smoke-Out and national "Kick Butts Day" coming up in April. Since 2003, DOE - in partnership with DOHMH - has delivered a health-related fitness program focusing on helping all young people to be cooperative, healthy, active, motivated, positive students (C.H.A.M.P.S.) during childhood and adolescence, and healthy, well-educated, contributing members of society in adulthood. The combination of a renewed focus on physical activity and healthier eating has helped schools to support students and families in achieving this vision.
Key Findings of the Report
Parents, schools, business owners and others can seek opportunities to limit youth access to tobacco and reinforce prevention messages.
Health care providers can help their patients to quit smoking.
The Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) is part of a national survey conducted locally by the City's Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) and the Department of Education (DOE) in public high schools every two years. This report is available online. For more information on tobacco cessation and how to get help to quit smoking, call 311 or visit _URL_.
Stu Loeser/Virginia Lam _PHONE_
Sandra Mullin (Department of Health and Mental Hygiene)
Jerry Russo/David Cantor (Department of Education)
Watch the video in 56k or 300k


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Introduction to Ultraviolet Analyzer classification, applications and differences
Ultraviolet Analyzers are divided into a number of families, There are three-use Ultraviolet Analyzer, Camera Ultraviolet Analyzer, Photographic Ultraviolet Analyzer, etc. Different Ultraviolet Analyzer (UV Analyzer) have different uses.
Three-use Ultraviolet Analyzer features and benefits
1. Ultraviolet Analyzer (UV Analyzer) consists of an Ultraviolet lamp and a filter. 254nm wavelength, 365nm wavelength, the two wavelengths can be used independently of each other, and has the function of dot sampling.
2. Ultraviolet Analyzer (UV Analyzer) has low power consumption, low heat, and can be used continuously for a long time. The biggest advantage is that it can be turned on and off at any time, which is very convenient.
3. Ultraviolet Analyzer The light from the tube of the UV lamp is filtered through the filter to remove visible light, providing intense 254nm and 365nm Ultraviolet light for fluorescence analysis.
4. In the dark room, the distance between samples can be roughly estimated through the point sampling function of the instrument.
Three-use Ultraviolet Analyzer (UV Analyzer)
Power: 220 v, 50 hz.
Power: 25 W.
Ultraviolet wavelength: 254nm, 365nm.
Color filter: 200×50mm
Weight: about 3 Kg


on the term "disqualified bonus payment." Section 1(b)(2) of the bill takes on the task of defining that term. A disqualified bonus payment is any "retention payment, incentive payment, or other bonus which is in addtion to any amount payable to such individual for service performed by such individual at a regular hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, or similar periodic rate." The term does not include "commissions, welfare or fringe benefits, or expense reimbursements." The term also does not include "any amount if the employee irrevocably waives the employee's entitlement to such payment, or the employee returns such payment to the employer, before the close of the taxable year in which such payment is due," but this exception does not apply "if the employee receives any benefit from the employer in connection with the waiver or return of such payment." Guaranteed, if this is enacted, there will be questions, debates, rulings, and litigation over the extent to which someone "receives any benefit from the employer in connection with the waiver or return of such payment." Finally, to preclude abuse, a disqualified bonus payment includes any reimbursement of the employee by a covered TARP recipient of the "tax imposed under subsection (a)." The "tax imposed under subsection (a)" is the employee's regular income tax, and not simply the 90-percent portion of the tax. Accordingly, income tax reimbursements plans in effect with respect to other income would be caught if the employer is a TARP recipient, even if the employee did not otherwise receive a bonus. At least that's how I interpret the provision.
Actually computing the tax on the bonus is more complicated than simply stating that it must be taxed at a rate of 90 percent. Tracking the language of section 1(a) shows why this is so. The regular income tax imposed on the bonus recipient is described as "not less than the sum of" two amounts. The first amount is the regular income tax that would be computed if the taxpayer's taxable income did not include the TARP bonus. The second amount is 90 percent of the TARP bonus. What this means, of course, is that even if the taxpayer's taxable income is very low or zero because there are deductions offsetting the gross income generated by the TARP bonus, those are not taken into account when computing 90 percent of the bonus.
Nor is this sufficient. Section 1(e) of the bill provides that any "increase in the tax imposed under chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 by reason of subsection (a)," which means the 90-percent portion, "shall not be treated as a tax imposed by such chapter for purposes of determining the amount of any credit under such chapter or for purposes of section 55 of such Code." In other words, the 90-percent portion of the tax cannot be used to increase the tax liability limitation that applies to most credits. Similarly, it is not treated as a regular income tax in computing the alternative minimum tax.
Is this all? No. It is possible that something has been overlooked. It is possible that application of the provision in the context of existing tax law will create ambiguities or interpretational conflicts. Here comes section 1(f) with the solution: "The Secretary of the Treasury, or the Secretary's delegate, shall prescribe such regulations or other guidance as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this section." I wonder if Congress will appropriate funds so that the IRS can hire one or two bright law school graduates to write those regulations and guidance. That would be a wee bit of economic stimulation. It certainly would be intellectual stimulation for whomever was hired. The problem is that there are no law school graduates who have taken a course in taxation of TARP bonus payments because no such course exists.
Finally, there is a question as to whether this tax should apply to bonuses paid in previous years. The answer is found in section 1(g). It makes the provision effective for disqualified bonus payments received after December 31, 2008, in taxable years ending after December 31, 2008.
That is an example of how a simple concept becomes several pages of Internal Revenue Code text. As codified concepts go, it's a fairly simple one, as difficult as it may be to accept that proposition considering the length of this posting. Some tax concepts require dozens or more pages. Ask someone who has studied Partnership Taxation how many regulation pages are dedicated to the concept of "substantial economic effect." Ask someone who has done a tax return for a Social Security benefits recipient how many pages of instructions and computations are required to handle the concept of "taxing social security recipients on some of their social security benefits." The list of such examples could go on for many more paragraphs but I'll stop. I have some Senate bonus taxation legislation to read.
Friday, March 20, 2009
Taxing Bonuses
Those AIG bonuses have been the talk of the town. People are outraged that a company surviving on taxpayer dollars has paid bonuses to more than six dozen executives. How, people ask, does one justify a reward for piloting a company onto the reef?
The outrage has sparked a variety of proposals. Members of Congress have proposed a 100% tax on the bonus, as reported, for example, in this story, this one, and this one. When asked if the tax would be an excise tax, or an income tax on the recipients, or both, staffers replied that they did not yet know. Others have proposed that AIG be denied income tax deductions for the bonuses, as reported here. The Senate Majority Leader suggested that the recipients return the bonuses, though he has also signed on to other reactions. Still other proposals include revealing the identities of the recipients unless they return the money to AIG and requiring the recipients to donate some or all of the bonuses to charity. There are those who think that the government should have let, and should let, AIG go into bankruptcy. One Senator put forth the idea that the bonus recipients should resign or kill themselves, though he later recanted. The Secretary of the Treasury has explained how the Treasury intends to recoup the amounts that were paid.
Yet there are those who defend the payment of the bonuses. In his Dealbook column, Andrew Sorkin explains that AIG must abide by the employment contracts providing for the bonuses, and that failure to pay the bonuses would encourage departure of employees whose talents are required to unravel the mess in which AIG finds itself. Others have pointed out that perhaps the bonus payments went to people who performed well and whose divisions showed a profit, though as the facts trickle out from behind the AIG curtain, it appears that the bonus payments are going to people who are responsible for the mess and whose decisions generated losses.
The flurry of suggestions and the continued defense of the bonus payments in some quarters indicates the turmoil and uncertainty surrounding the transactions. Piled onto this cacophony of commentary are reactions from radio talk show hosts, blog visitors leaving comments, and others who appear to lack an understanding of how the tax system works.
It is to that tax issue that my attention turns. For those who think that a 100% excise tax is unprecedented, check out what happens when a tax-exempt organization or qualified retirement plan engages in a prohibited transaction and fails to take corrective action. Yes, there is imposed a 100% tax. Though the tax has the quality of being punitive, it has an even stronger characteristic of being a deterrent. The downside to imposing a 100% tax on the AIG bonuses is that it would not serve as a deterrent. We are paying the price for decades of ineffective controls on inappropriate executive compensation and decades of weak enforcement of what restrictions are in place. There also is a risk that the tax could be challenged on the grounds it is an impermissible taking and confiscatory.
Taxing the recipients makes no sense unless the proposal envisions imposing a higher rate of tax than otherwise already applies. As it stands, the bonus payments are subject to income tax. There's nothing but symbolic value in the imposition of an addition 10 or 20 percentage points of income tax. The proposal makes sense only if it anticipates a 100% tax rate on the payment, but that in turn raises the same issues that afflict the imposition of an excise tax on AIG.
For those who think that denying a deduction to AIG for the payments that are made, that approach is not unlike denying radio access to a deaf person. AIG does not need tax deductions. It is drowning in losses. It's not even clear that denying the deduction for the bonus payments would have any long-term impact on AIG's loss carryforwards, because those carryforwards might expire in any event.
Letting AIG enter bankruptcy is an argument that has its merits. It's too bad that huge amounts of taxpayer dollars already have been dumped into what would be a black hole. The argument against letting AIG go bankrupt is proof that the American corporate system must be gutted and rebuilt. Opponents of an AIG bankruptcy claim it is "too big" to fail. Its failure, they argue, would bring down the economy in some catastrophic way. That could be true. Either way, it's absurd that any private organization is permitted to become so big that it cannot fail. An organization whose owners know it will not be permitted to fail have, in effect, a blank check to do all the unwise and misguided things that the owners and managers of large entities are tempted to do. There was no good reason to permit AIG, or any of the other conglomerate multinational giants, to become "so big" that they are beyond the restraints of a properly operating free market. In a free market, those who make foolish decisions should pay a price.


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Organizations of all sizes have identified the benefits of cloud-based computing, whether it's implementing a private or hybrid cloud on their own or accessing a public cloud through a service provider. Virtualization, a key component for building secure cloud environments, offers many advantages, including higher machine efficiency due to increased utilization, energy savings, and the flexibility to build or destroy virtual machines (VMs) on demand to meet changing organizational needs. Choosing open source virtualization over proprietary alternatives can significantly increase savings. However, an open source Linux Kernel-based virtual machine (KVM) offers several benefits to organizations beyond just cost savings. These benefits include security, reliability, availability, performance, and scalability. In this white paper, we'll look at the relationship between open source virtualization and the cloud, and explore the security aspects of KVM hypervisor technology, especially in relation to how it leverages SELinux and related capabilities for secure public, private, and hybrid cloud performance.