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This must be a naive question, but I'm wondering about the definition of the quasi-unipotent monodromy for general (not only 1-parameter families). The problem is that usually in the books of algebraic geometry quasi-unipotent monodromy is only discussed over a disc $\Delta ^{*}$ i.e. for a 1-parameter family. In this case we know that for a fibration $f: X \rightarrow \Delta$, with monodromy representation $\rho : \pi_{1}(\Delta^{*}) \rightarrow Aut(H^{i}(X_{0}))$, the image $\rho (T)$ of a generator $T$ of $\pi_{1}(\Delta^{*})$ is a quasi-unipotent matrix. What is the correct generalization of this to arbitrary families? For example, in multi-parameter case, it could happen that there are several generators $T_{i}$ such that each $\rho(T_{i})$ is a quasi-unipotent matrix but for example $\rho(T_{1})\rho(T_{2})$ is not quasi-unipotent. So is the possible generalization is that all of the matrices in the monodromy group (image of the monodromy representation) should be quasi-unipotent or it suffices only that the image of the generators to be quas-unipotent?
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In higher dimensions, I think quasi-unipotent monodromy only makes sense in the case of normal crossings boundary. In this case the local fundamental group is abelian, hence if each the image of each generator is quasi-unipotent, so is the image of any other element. – ulrich Jul 21 '12 at 12:58
You mean if the discriminant is not NC, the notion of quasi-unipotency is not defined? Is there a reference which discusses the quasi-unupotency in details? anyway thank you very much for your anser. – Jack Jul 21 '12 at 14:32
You should check out the answer to this: mathoverflow.net/questions/1912/… – Igor Rivin Jul 21 '12 at 17:55
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Quasi-unipotency is a well defined notion at any point of the discriminant. If we have a proper family $f : X \to S$ of varieties with a smooth total space and a smooth base, and if $p \in D \subset S$ is a point of the discriminant, then we say that the local monodromy of the family near $p$ is quasi-unipotent if we can find a small analytic neighborhood $p \in U \subset S$ of $p$ in $S$, so that if $o \in U - D$ is a base point, then the monodromy representation $mon : \pi_{1}(U-D,o) \to GL(H^{i}(X_{o},\mathbb{C})$ has an image whose Zariski closure $G$ is a quasi-unipotent linear algebraic group (that is, the quotient of $G$ by its unipotent radical is a finite-group).
In general it is rare for the local monodromy to be quasi-unipotent. If $p$ happens to be a very singular point of the discriminant, then the local monodromy tends to be big and is often as big as it can be, and not quasi-unipotent at all. However, if $p$ is at worst a normal crossing singularity of $D$, then the local monodromy is quasi-unipotent.
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Thank you very much for your beautiful answer. I had never known of this general definition of quasi-unipotency. I have some more questions: First of all what is the best reference which discusses this definition and it's consequences. Secondly, if this is the definition of "quasi-unipotency", then what would be the definition of "unipotency" in general? – Jack Jul 22 '12 at 6:46
Ah, I noticed I missed an adjective in the comment - I was defining what it means for $G$ to be quasi-unipotent. I edited the answer to reflect this correctly. The unipotency of $mon$ is defined in a similar manner - we say that $mon$ is unpotent, when $G$ is a connected unipotent algebraic group, i.e. when when it coincides with its unipotent radical. The references are numerous and the applications are usually Hodge theoretic. The quasi-unipotency of a local systen can is also very useful when we compute cohomology. – Tony Pantev Jul 23 '12 at 3:00
Two classical references are the paper "Periods of integrals on algebraic manifolds III", Publ. Math. IHES 38 (1970) by Griffiths and the paper "Variation of Hodge structure: the singularities of the period mapping" Invent. math. 22 (1973) by Schmid. They in particular explain Borel's proof of the quasi-unipotency theorem that I mentioned above. There are many other modern references. For instance, you may want to take a look at the excellent book "Period mappings and period domains" by Carlson, Mueller-Stach, and Peters. – Tony Pantev Jul 23 '12 at 3:07
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Huffman coding
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In 2015, the theme of the Sydney Teaching Colloquium was 'cultural competence is everyone's business'. The university community met on 4th November to explore the issues, challenges and success stories around embedding cultural competence in pedagogy and curriculum. Take a look at the short highlights video below.
Six undergraduate student ambassadors were involved in the Colloquium: Longen Lan (Advanced Science/Law), Rosie Menzies (Advanced Science), Suji Jeong (Commerce/Arts), Tracy Trieu (Commerce / Liberal Studies), and Ann Wen (Arts /Law). These students worked with Tai Peseta and Amani Bell in, what was then called the Institute for Teaching and Learning (now Educational Innovation). This student and staff partnership worked to:
- provide their knowledge, experience and understanding about the demands of being a student to the Colloquium planning processes
- develop resources that engage the wider student and university community
- participate in panels and group discussions at the Colloquium
- collect, analyse and present data at various stages of the Colloquium process
- participate in a research project about the Ambassador scheme
_TAG_ congratulation all fantastic day – my highlight student ambassadors they made an old man think afresh – simple and powerful – student presentation so clear honest and powerful cultural competence is essential in a quality uni experience & education – Professor Shane Houston (Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Indigenous Strategy and Services)
A highlight of the Colloquium was the students' 'walk the line' presentation, which can be seen here.
The students have shared their reflections about their experiences in a soon to be published article for the journal Teaching and Learning Together in Higher Education.
The success of this initiative led to a project in 2016 where six students worked in collaboration with five unit coordinators to improve student learning about cultural competence in five units of study, including geology and project management.
L to R: Tracy Trieu, Stephanie Barahona, Ann Wen, Dr. Tim Soutphommasane (Australia's Race Discrimination Commissioner), Suji Jeong, Rosie Menzies and Longen Lan
Main image: 'A living method' by Professor Juanita Sherwood was chosen as the image for the 2015 Sydney Teaching Colloquium because it reminds us that to be collaborative cultural learners, we need to reflect on the many influences that shape our journeys. Circles are used within Indigenous cultures to illustrate the holistic nature of ways of knowing and being. The spiral indicates that the system is not closed or static, highlighting the ongoing processes of learning and co-generating knowledge.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


HP OpenVMS Systems
ask the wizard
Content starts here
Implications of Online BACKUPs?
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The Question is:
What hardware and software combination will allow me to do a backup without
kicking everyone off?
The Answer is :
 The answer to the question depends greatly on the intended results, the
 types of files involved, and the willingness and ability to deal with
 the potential results of any inconsistencies that might arise.
 Tools such as OpenVMS BACKUP permit the ability to acquire backups online,
 though the contents are not synchronized with the I/O caches, nor with any
 application data buffering that might be active. With /IGNORE=INTERLOCK,
 it is possible to acquire a BACKUP of the disk, but active files may or
 may not be in an entirely consistent state. (This state is akin to that
 which results from a hard system crash or power failure.)
 Tools such as Oracle Rdb RMU provide the ability to acquire consistent
 BACKUPs of Rdb databases. As should be obvious, applications can be
 coded to provide support for on-line BACKUPs -- through the use of the
 BACKUP application programming interface, the application can even
 generate the BACKUP saveset. (Be aware that there is an ECO that should
 be applied for the BACKUP API for OpenVMS V7.1-2 and V7.2.)
 For an entirely consistent BACKUP, all applications and all OpenVMS system
 components referencing the target disk(s) for write should be quiescent,
 or should be entirely shut down.
 BACKUPs using /IGNORE=INTERLOCK -- a qualifier that should be used with
 some caution, as the interlocks are present explicitly to prevent data
 inconsistencies -- can be restored and often manually repaired. The
 specific repairs that may be required vary, and can include resetting
 the contents of the batch queues (if the restored queue database files
 are in an odd state), or rebuilding or verifying application data files.
 Other techniques -- such as splitting shadowsets and using BACKUP on the
 volume extracted from the shadowset -- are also possible. This technique
 reduces the window during which the the applications must be quiescent.
 (Splitting the shadowset entirely online is also usually possible, but is
 not supported.) As with /IGNORE=INTERLOCK, the files may not be in an
 entirely consistent state.
 There may well be hardware that provides some form of physical on-line
 BACKUP capability, but this is outside the realm of the OpenVMS Wizard.
 Better on-line BACKUP support is a current OpenVMS development project.
 Related discussions include topics (1092), (2467), (2512), (2760),
 (3147), (5762), (8371), and likely others.
answer written or last revised on ( 3-FEB-2003 )
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Microgap thermophotovoltaic systems with low emission temperature and high electric output
Tutkimustuotos: Lehtiartikkeli
Tutkijat
Organisaatiot
 - St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO)
Kuvaus
We theoretically show that a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system enhanced by a wire metamaterial opens the door to a prospective microgap TPVs which will combine high electric output with relatively low temperatures of the emitter. The suggested system comprises an array of parallel metal nanowires grown on top of a photovoltaic semiconductor and standing free in the vacuum gap between the host dielectric layer and the emitter, so that their ends are sufficiently close to the emitting surface. Due to the resonant near-field coupling between this wire medium and the emitter and due to the optimized layered structure of the whole system, the strongly super-Planckian radiative heat flux of resonant nature is engineered. In the suggested system, heavily doped silicon and indium antimonide are considered as the materials for the emitter and the photovoltaic cell, respectively. Also, the parallel nanowires are made of tungsten. Employing the minority-carrier transport model, it is shown that a power output equal to 26 kW m-2 can be achieved when the temperature of the doped-silicon emitter is only 500 °C.
Yksityiskohdat
AlkuperäiskieliEnglanti
Artikkeli115104
JulkaisuJournal of Optics
Vuosikerta18
Numero11
TilaJulkaistu - 1 marraskuuta 2016
OKM-julkaisutyyppiA1 Julkaistu artikkeli, soviteltu
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text:
Backward erosion piping is an internal erosion process, which compromises the stability of water retaining structures such as dams and levees. In this paper, we propose a numerical solution that combines a 2D Darcy groundwater solution with Exner's 1D sediment transport mass conservation equation. As an estimate of sediment transport, we tested four different empirical transport equations for laminar flow. The model performance was evaluated based on the results of the real-scale IJkdijk experiment. Through this, we were able to demonstrate the applicability of existing sediment transport equations to the description of particle motion during piping erosion. The proposed transient piping model not only predicts the pipe progression in time, it also allows for an identification of pore pressure transitions due to the erosion process. A major conclusion of the study is that from the four different modeling approaches for laminar flow, it is recommended to follow the approach of Yalin et al. regarding the simulation of backward erosion piping for dike configurations similar to those of the IJkdijk experiment.
- Backward erosion piping (BEP)
- Exner's equation
- Finite elements
- Transient flow

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The federal government has restated its commitment to climate change mitigation to enhance soil fertility to promote food security in the country.
Ernest Umakhihe, permanent secretary, Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, disclosed this in Nsukka on Saturday during a keynote address at the 47th conference of the Soil Science Society of Nigeria (SSSN).
The conference's theme was "Tropical Soil and Water Resources Management: Climate Change Mitigation for Functional Ecosystem Services and Food Security."
Mr Umakhihe said all the technical departments in the ministry take soil issues seriously in pursuing their vision to prevent soil pollution and degradation.
"Enhancing soil fertility and food security is one of the mandates of our ministry, and we have been taking the issues seriously to achieve our mandate.
"Our ministry has made a lot of contributions towards climate change mitigation to help maintain the soil productivity and achieve food security," he said.
According to him, the government responded to climate change issues through interventions and collaborations with relevant agencies.
"In the past few years, the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, through the Department of Agriculture, Land and Climate Change Management Service (ALCCMS), has invested so much in climate change mitigation strategies.
"In the areas of water harvesting, small-scale irrigation techniques, land and water conservation, and management strategies in many parts of the countries have recorded good results," he said.
The permanent secretary, represented by a director in the ministry, Oshadiya Olanipekun, appealed for collaboration among all the stakeholders in the maintenance of good health of the soil to ensure improved agricultural productivity.
He explained that climate change had resulted in loss of soil organic matter, reduction in moisture content, and loss of soil structure.
"Disruption in rainfall intensity affects water resources and food production are already a threat to ecosystem services and food security," he stated.
In his remarks, Charles Igwe, the vice-chancellor (VC) of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN), who declared the conference open, appreciated the number of soil scientists and other stakeholders in agriculture and agro-allied industries at the event.


text:
Editorial Use Only.
International Space Station (ISS) air sampling. NASA astronaut Sunita Williams (born 1965, Expeditions 14 and 15 flight engineer) conducting Surface, Water and Air Biocharacterization (SWAB) air sampling in the Destiny laboratory of the ISS. To monitor microbial levels on the ISS, crew members use grab sample containers, dual absorbent tubes and swabs to collect air, water and surface samples and send them to Earth for detailed analysis and identification every 6 months. Microbe levels are maintained at acceptable levels by periodic scheduled sanitation routines. Photographed during Expedition 15 (7 April 2007 to 21 October 2007).
Model release not available. Property release not required.


text:
Your home is your castle... but after a disaster your town will quickly become a prison. In a crisis, even a 30 minute head start can be the difference between escaping unharmed, and being hamstrung in your own home. Gone Before Gridlock gives you the tools you need to escape, evade, survive, and thrive in ANY crisis, before other people even know what hit them. Let's get started.
Module 1: What is Gridlock?
In this lesson you'll learn: The six most common crisis to hit close to home, the five most likely widespread disasters and how they will affect you and your family.
In this lesson you'll learn: Fuel has a shelf life and a fairly short one. You'll discover how and where to properly store fuel, so that when you need to get on the road, nothing stops you (especially low fuel)
In this lesson you'll learn: How to turn your Everyday driver into a discrete bug out vehicle. If you're caught away from home make sure you have everything you need to get on the road without hesitation.
This course has help provide you with techniques and strategies you need to keep you and your loved ones safe during any and all circumstances. At the Family Protection Association our mission is to provide a vast array of knowledge, tactics and skills in the survival, protection and preparedness fields. We know that life comes at you fast, so our goal is to keep you prepared for any and all dangerous and emergency situations. Thank you for giving us the opportunity to help keep you and your family safe.
Chairman, Family Protection Association
In this module you'll learn: How to create your own moisture proof "Survival Stash" to store your gear efficiently, effectively and out of sight.


text:
Consider the case where you retrieve a list of many objects which have a status code attached. There may be many different status codes, and you need to fish through the list of codes and display the object differently, based on the priority. So for instance, an object may have many tasks attached, each of which has an associated priority. You need to display the object in a
certain manner depending on the outstanding task with the highest priority.
A combination of enums and PriorityQueues make this easy. Firstly, we can create an enum to represent the status codes for an outstanding item:
Next, we generate a random list of Status instances and add them to a PriorityQueue instance:
There are a couple of features that make this interesting:
- Java's Priority Queue implementation sorts by the results of
compareTo(). Hence, your candidate objects must implement
Comparable, and you need to write boilerplate comparison code. Except…
- …When you use an enum. Enums implement Comparable directly, and their comparison order is based on the order of declaration of the enumeration instances. Thus, you just need to declare your enumeration in order of priority (highest first), and let the queue handle the rest.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
INDIAN CICADA DISTRIBUTIONS
Indian Cicada Distributions ("Distributions" in the tab menu above) will be the most interactive and data-intensive module of Butterflies of India. It will be based on the same concept as BirdSpot developed by L. Shyamal, but implemented online. Once this module is ready, registered users will be able to upload their cicada spot records or trip/regional checklists in a standard format, which will be entered in a centralized database after peer-review of the submitted records. Information from the database can then be used by anyone to generate distributional maps for individual cicada species, or to generate checklists of specific localities based on queries input by the users. The module is currently being developed. Until then, you can contribute images to species pages, which go in a database and are mapped.
Cite this page along with its URL as:
.. 2023. Indian Cicada Distributions. In Marathe, K., V. Sarkar, B. W. Price, P. Roy, and K. Kunte. Cicadas of India, v. 1. Indian Foundation for Butterflies.


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University of Wisconsin Madison College of Engineering
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Alum, retired professor release e-book
Civil and Environmental Engineering Professor Emeritus Paul Mac Berthouex and UW-Madison sanitary engineering PhD graduate Linfield C. Brown recently released a new free e-book, Pollution Prevention and Control. The first of a planned five-book series, this book intends to help engineers and environmental science students understand the basics of controlling pollution. The e-book is available for a free download here.
Scott Gordon


text:
Keywords: emission modelling, emission factors, road transport, testbench measurements, driving cycles, real-world emissions, instantaneous modelling, vehicle emissions, fuel consumption, pollution emissions
Modelling fuel consumption and pollutant emissions based on real-world driving patterns: the HBEFA approach
Emissions of passenger cars and light-duty vehicles with complex exhaust gas after-treatment are difficult to predict, especially if the prediction is only based on kinematic parameters without vehicle-specific data. A new method for modelling fleet emission factors based on testbench data is presented. It has been used for modern passenger cars and light-duty vehicles (EURO-2 and -3) in the new version 2.1 of the German-Austrian-Swiss Handbook Emission Factors for Road Transport (HBEFA). The new method, not relying on vehicle-specific data, avoids decomposing the measured real-world driving behaviour and all associated uncertainties. Emission factors can be predicted for any given driving pattern which is characterised through kinematic parameters or representative time series of vehicle speed. The methodology determines the linear combination of measured driving patterns that is most representative for the driving pattern whose emissions are to be predicted. The approach is illustrated using testbench real-world measurements of 44 passenger cars of technology stages EURO-2 and -3.


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Dunsky is pleased to announce that it is conducting an assessment of transportation and building electrification impacts through 2045 for the City of Redding's Electric Utility (REU).
With our partner, Tierra Resource Consultants, we are conducting a robust analysis to help the California-based utility develop their strategy in preparation for the rapid electrification needed as part of the transition to a low-carbon economy.
Particularly, our analysis will help the utility meet its reliability and affordability objectives as California targets ambitious emissions reductions in the transportation and building sectors. Our research will provide key insights to inform system planning, risk mitigation and utility programming to maximize benefits to the local community. Dunsky will assess uptake under multiple scenarios, reflecting various possible market, policy, and technology trends to support REU system planning.
HEATTM has been used successfully to conduct building electrification modeling studies to assess the potential, costs, and load impacts of heat pump adoption for leading utilities in Massachusetts, New York (Long Island), and other clients across Canada. The model can run tens of thousands of measure combinations in a single jurisdiction and can adapt model inputs and modeling strategies and scenarios in order to meet a client's specific needs.
Similarly, EVATM has been leveraged for over 15 EV forecasting projects over the past three years for government, utility and private sector clients across North America. It has demonstrated its ability to accurately project adoption across the full range of vehicle types, and for all customer segments (residential, commercial, public fleets). Its adoption theory is based on real-world empirical EV uptake data and allows clients to accurately plan and optimize their EV strategies.
Dunsky understands the unique needs and challenges of municipally-owned utilities (as well as other small local utilities and co-ops), having supported dozens across North America. With hundreds of large and small clients across North America, our team works at the appropriate scale for smaller utilities, balancing the level of detail and cost, with the scale of the strategies' projected impacts. We have conducted EV, building electrification and peak demand assessments for municipal and small local utilities in Massachusetts (Cape Light Compact), Rhode Island (Pascoag Utility District, Block Island Power Company) and across Canada (EPCOR, New Westminster BC, North Vancouver BC, the City of Summerside, etc.).
Founded in 2004, Dunsky Energy + Climate Advisors supports leading governments, utilities, corporations and non-profits across North America in their efforts to accelerate the clean energy transition, effectively and responsibly.
Working across buildings, industry, energy and mobility, we support our clients through three key services: we quantify opportunities (technical, economic, market); design go-to-market strategies (plans, programs, policies); and evaluate performance (with a view to continuous improvement).


Why should I study in Beijing, China?
Why should I study in Beijing?
5 reasons to study abroad in Beijing, China
The Chinese capital captivates as one of the most populous cities in the world with a more than 3,000 year old city history. Many sights and world-famous universities complete the cityscape.
 1. How big is Beijing?
 The size of a city can make a big difference on your study experience. Some students prefer the feel and pace of larger busy cities, while some may prefer a smaller and calmer feel. Whatever your preference, U-Multirank has you covered. Beijing averages a population of about 21500000 residents and covers some 16807 km2.
 2. How many universities and colleges are located in, or around Beijing, China?
 U-Multirank includes 18 colleges and universities in or near the Beijing area. To explore some of the colleges and universities in Beijing, click on the university names below, or visit our Study in China page.
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 Safety is an important point to consider when studying abroad. According to the current Numbeo Safety Index, Beijing has a score of 66 – ranking it at number 119 of 374 cities globally for safety.
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 The cost of living can play a major factor in deciding where to study. Aside from tuition fees, students should consider the local cost of living – including items like housing, food, and social life. According to the current Numbeo Cost of Living Index, Beijing has a score of 45.26 – ranking it at number 91 of 476 cities globally for the cost of living (the higher the ranking, the more expensive the cost of living is).
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_page} of ${total_pages} markers in the .html output. The value must be a positive real number.

If the value is "0" or empty, the content will be output without pagination. That is, "Page: 1 of 1" will appear at the top of the output and no other markers will follow it.

If the value you enter is greater than 0 but less than the title block length (distance between TITLE START and the first TABLE START markers) and REPEAT TITLE is set to Yes, then minimum length between markers is the title block + 1 table row. This assures that the title block plus 1 successive table row will appear on each page.

 If the value is greater than 0 but less than the title block length (distance between ###TITLE START### and the first ###TABLE START### markers), and REPEAT TITLE is set to No, then the minimum length between markers is the title block. This assures that the title block will appear on the first page followed by a continuous table on subsequent pages.

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About the Author

Holder.jpg Bill Storrs is in the CAM Product Management Group at Siemens PLM software, Cypress California. His main focus is on CAM usability and learning support. He currently leads the CAM Learning Initiative Team whose mission is to provide users with a comprehensive collection of reference and training materials. He has an M.A. in Corporate Training and Development and has been in the industry for over 20 years.
Comments
Experimenter
Experimenter
Bill,
I am customizing shop docs to output a tool list and would like to add images for each cutting tool. Where do I need to change this? Is there a mom variable that will do this? Also, instead of tool time for each tool, I would like to output an accumulated time for the program?

Thanks,
DaveH
Siemens Experimenter Siemens Experimenter
Siemens Experimenter
Hi Dave,

It is not yet possible to automatically add images for each cutting tool to Shop Doc output. However, this is an enhancement request that we are currently aware of and one that has been discussed at length.

If I understand your second question correctly, I believe mom_machine_time is the variable you will need to use. This mom variable will give you the total machine time including cutting, non-cutting, and other additional times such as tool change time.

Thanks,
bill
Experimenter
Experimenter
Can shop docs be output in another format other than html? pdf or a word document?

thanks,
Dave
Experimenter
Experimenter
Between the table end and the body end of the shop doc, I would like to have more space for special notes that I can input via an expression and a part attribute. Are there a limited number or characters for a string expression or part attribute? Or, how do I change the output for the size limitation after name and date and, before body end?

Thanks,
Dave
Siemens Experimenter Siemens Experimenter
Siemens Experimenter
To get more physical space for output in Shop Docs, increase the cell size in your Excel template. Cell will not auto-size to accomodate output content. Be sure the cell is set to allow text wrapping. To my knowledge, there is no limit to the number characters for a string expression or part attribute.
Solution Partner Genius Solution Partner Genius
Solution Partner Genius
Hello Bill,
its possible to influence printing area?... I've tried it to set to my Excel template, but no influence - if I want print a new Schop doc I have to manualy set it. Now I'm not talking about height of page - this is good, but width - I have to increase width of my cells and now everytime when I make new shopdoc I have to set printing area manualy to print width on one page.
Thanks Ondra
Enthusiast
Enthusiast
Hello,

I'm currently using NX 8.5.2.3. I was able to create my own template but I have a problem with formating. All the numbers are coming out to 10 decimal places (ex: 12._PHONE_). Is there a easy way to fix this issue?

Thanks

Nick
Siemens Genius Siemens Genius
Siemens Genius
Hi Nick,
You can edit the decimals by outputting as excel before finally outputting as html. Doing that allows you to format the cells, i.e. number of decimals.
Do this:
* Go to the folder \MACH\resource\shop_doc\excel_templates and open shopdoc_excel.tcl in a text editor.
* In line 60 change the excel path to match your installation of Excel
[SNAGHTMLde0052]
* On my system the excel execution file is located according to this path:
* C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\Office14\excel.exe
* Save the tcl file and output your Shop Doc in NX again.
* The Display Output option is a toggle to launch the web browser and show the Shop Documentation.
[SNAGHTMLeb5564]
* If it is turned on, the default web browser will launch.
* If it is turned off, the output will still be created but not displayed.
* If you have modified shopdoc_excel.tcl as described above, you will get an output which opens excel every time you launch Shop Documentation.
* Therefore, it is advisable to turn off Display Output if you are also outputting excel to avoid getting two outputs shown.
* In the excel output you can modify cells before saving.
* That means, e.g. you can adjust the number of decimals shown in cells to a more reasonable amount.
Best Regards / Venlig Hilsen
Lars Okkels
Mfg Engineering
Siemens Industry Sector
Siemens Industry Software A/S
Borupvang 9
2750 Ballerup, Denmark
Mobile: +45 3038 6619
_EMAIL_
_URL_
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Siemens Industry Software A/S, Borupvang 9, 2750 Ballerup, CVR-no. 31257077
Enthusiast
Enthusiast
Lars,

Thanks for the responce. This solution fixed my problem!
Nick
Theorist
Theorist
Hi;
I am currently using NX 9.0.3.4
In Shop Doc, the are so many radius variables of the insert tooling in Turning modual... such as ${mom_tool_nose_radius}, ${mom_tool_radius}, ${mom_tool_button_diameter} etc...

Is there any single variable that represent turning insert radius, to spit out the correct value?
If not, can we use "If" or "Or" statement in variable? if yes, how?

Seperate subject; Can we use Conditional Formating in Excel?

Thank you
-Vea


text:
Can NAND gate have 4 inputs?
As with the AND function seen previously, the NAND function can also have any number of individual inputs and commercial available NAND Gate IC's are available in standard 2, 3, or 4 input types.
What is the IC number of 4 input NAND gate?
The CD4012 is 4-Input NAND Gate IC. It can take in four logic inputs and provide an output based on the truth table.
How many NAND gates are required to design an OR gate?
three NAND gates
Here, three NAND gates are used to make an OR gate.
How many entries would a truth table for a four input NAND gate have?
So, a 4-input AND gate has 16 possible combinations, 5 inputs would be 32 outputs, and so on.
How many entries will be in the truth table of a 4 input NAND?
The Experiment So, a 4-input AND gate has 16 possible combinations, 5 inputs would be 32 outputs, and so on.
What is the IC number of Quad 2 input NAND gate?
Technotrade 74HC00 Quad 2-Input NAND Gate IC (7400 IC), For Electronics
|Temperature||Up to 70 DegreeC|
|Number Of Pins||14|
How do you make an OR gate with NAND gates?
OR Gate Circuit from NAND Gate Circuit Basically, we tie together the inputs of each of the first 2 NAND gates. This makes the inputs common. We then take one jumper wire from each NAND gate, which will serve as the inputs to our OR gate. The output of these gates feed into a 3rd NAND gate.
What is the Boolean expression for a four input OR gate *?
The Boolean expression of OR gate is Y = A + B, read as Y equals A 'OR' B.
What is the IC number of 3 input NAND gate?
|IC Number||IC Name|
|74LS10||Triple 3-input NAND Gates|
How is a NAND gate made?
A NAND gate is made using transistors and junction diodes. By De Morgan's laws, a two-input NAND gate's logic may be expressed as AB=A+B, making a NAND gate equivalent to inverters followed by an OR gate.
What is quad NAND gate?
A quad gate is an IC (integrated circuit or chip) containing four logic gates. The gates can be of any type: AND, OR, XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XNOR. Within any given quad gate, all four of the individual gates are normally of the same type.
What is Quad gate?
Quad Gates (for track speed of 110mph or less) Quad gates are designed to block all lanes of traffic on both sides of the track, and to provide a closure delay on the exit side to allow vehicles that may get stuck between the gates to get off the tracks.


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Aquatic Consulting Services;
Whether you have a new aquatic facility or an existing facility, periodic reviews of your physical plant, aquatic programs, fees and revenue stream, and day to day operations must be a scheduled part of your processes. USA consulting efforts are comprised of over 150 years of combined aquatic facility experience and we design our service to fit your particular facility's needs. USA has assisted thousands of organizations over the years to help improve their daily operations and revenue stream. These services included:
- Recreation revenue
- Lessons and programs revenue
- Competition revenue
- Therapy & Wellness revenue
- Facility Inspection
- Feasibility Study
- Capital Investment and Planning
- Emergency Response Management
- Marketing, Branding, & Promoting Plan
Research shows that "recreational" users prefer to have shallower and warmer water to allow for extended stays and socialization. It also shows that recreational users provide 75% of the revenue that can be generated from aquatics facilities. Newer recreational aquatic facilities that install fun features, similar to playground equipment, waterslides suitable for multiple age groups, different water depths from zero-depth beach entries to diving areas; and other popular features such as lazy rivers and current channels invite the recreational user to stay longer and visit more frequently. Additionally, modern facilities include more creature comforts for extended stays such as shade areas, lounge chairs, picnic tables, lockers, and concession areas.
Research for "lesson & program" users that frequent aquatic facilities for the purpose of instruction for swim lessons, lifeguard training, water safety, water aerobics classes, scuba diving, etc. need appropriate spaces for teaching and training. These spaces are usually competitive and recreational style pools. Swim lessons are typically the largest of instructional classes and are considered a life-safety skill necessary to promote water safety for patrons. Some communities have even made learning to swim a requirement at their public school programs. New recreational style pools have increased children's desires to participate in swim lessons in order to be allowed to play and interact with other children. Lesson & programming users typically provide 20% of the revenue from aquatic facilities.
Research for a "competition" user requires a swimming pool that meets the dimensions of the NFSHS (High School Standards), NCAA (Collegiate Standards), USA Swimming (Club Team Standards), and/or FINA (International Standards). This user also prefers deeper and colder water to increase the competitive abilities of the pool. The primary distance for competitive swimming in the US is 25 yards. Only FINA and USA Swimming's summer program requires a 50 meter dimension. Competition groups are a small but dedicated group of users who have demonstrated that they will drive long distances for practicing and competitive meets. One commonly used rule in planning for competition pools for high school swim teams is to provide one competition pool per public high school. While it is true that a year round indoor competition pool can generate year round revenue and user fees – the cost of operating such a facility GREATLY reduces the net income generated. Research has found that competition users typically generate only about 3% of the revenue from aquatic facilities.
Therapy usage is currently the fastest growing aquatic user group. New research provides evidence of the benefits of aquatic exercise. While aerobic dance and cycling have decreased by 17.3% and 23.2%, respectively, from _PHONE_, aquatic exercise increased by 25% from 2004-2007. This group requires a small body of warm water that can offer a variety of classes and programs from water aerobics to exercise lap swimming. Therapy and wellness program usage typically generates about 2% of the net revenue from aquatic facilities.
Prior to and during the 1960's many neighborhood public pools were filled daily with potable water and drained. Concerns over infectious disease outbreaks resulted in more stringent sanitation codes. Additionally, as the codes became more stringent and liability concerns increased – many public pools began to lose features such as diving boards, small water slides and deep water. Shallow wading pools became suspect and increased operating costs and ever-increasing competition for recreation time led to decreased pool attendance and the closure of many pools throughout the United States. Beginning in the late 1970's the "water park" concept was developed with more exciting water features such as wave pools, a variety of water slides, and lazy rivers. In the early 1980's, public operators began to incorporate some of these features into their municipal aquatic facilities to re-attract aquatic recreation users and to increase revenue to offset the cost of operations. In the early 1990's community builders started catching on to this trend and developed neighborhoods with small aquatic features.


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Youngsters at Ferring Primary in Sea Lane have been busy growing tropical fruit tree species, identical to those grown as part of a special project in Malawi, which grows a tree for every ton of aluminium drinks cans recycled in the UK.
The children held a group fruit-tasting session to discover the flavour of fruits grown in Malawi and then used the seeds to plant their own trees, including avocado and mango.
A year on, the children's trees are thriving and they have collected an excellent 40 kilos of clean aluminium foil so far which will be counted towards growing trees in Malawi.
Zo Walker, a teaching assistant, said: "The whole school community is contributing to our foil collection and the pupils have enjoyed watching the plants developing in the classroom.
"Money from the recycling of the foil is passed to the Guide Dogs for the Blind."
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text:
Teaching quality has a significant impact on academic access, retention and performance. Yet many teachers in sub-Saharan Africa, conditioned by male-dominated values in their communities, employ teaching methods that do not provide equal opportunity to participation for girls and boys. Neither do these methods take into account the individual needs of learners, especially girls.
FAWE developed the Gender-Responsive Pedagogy (GRP) model to address the quality of teaching in African schools.
The model trains teachers to be more gender aware and equips them with the skills to understand and address the specific learning needs of both sexes. It develops teaching practices that engender equal treatment and participation of girls and boys in the classroom and in the wider school community.
Features of FAWE's GRP model
The GRP model trains teachers in the design and use of gender-responsive:
- Teaching and learning materials.
- Lesson plans.
- Language in the classroom.
- Classroom interaction.
- Classroom set-up.
- Strategies to eliminate sexual harassment.
- Management of sexual maturation.
- School management systems.
- Monitoring and evaluation.
Gender-Responsive Pedagogy was initiated in 2005 and has been introduced in Burkina Faso, Chad, Ethiopia, The Gambia, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, Rwanda, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia.
Impact of FAWE's GRP model
- Improvement in girls' retention and performance.
- Greater participation of girls' in the classroom.
- Improved gender relations within schools.
Over 6,600 teachers have benefited from FAWE's GRP training since 2005.


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Inaugurated in 1973, the Sydney Opera House is a great architectural work of the 20th century that brings together multiple strands of creativity and innovation in both architectural form and structural design. A great urban sculpture set in a remarkable waterscape, at the tip of a peninsula projecting into Sydney Harbour, the building has had an enduring influence on architecture. The Sydney Opera House comprises three groups of interlocking vaulted 'shells' which roof two main performance halls and a restaurant. These shell-structures are set upon a vast platform and are surrounded by terrace areas that function as pedestrian concourses. In 1957, when the project of the Sydney Opera House was awarded by an international jury to Danish architect Jørn Utzon, it marked a radically new approach to construction.
view from the air towards the south east
© Commonwealth of Australia
Outstanding Universal Value
The Sydney Opera House constitutes a masterpiece of 20th century architecture. Its significance is based on its unparalleled design and construction; its exceptional engineering achievements and technological innovation and its position as a world-famous icon of architecture. It is a daring and visionary experiment that has had an enduring influence on the emergent architecture of the late 20th century. Utzon's original design concept and his unique approach to building gave impetus to a collective creativity of architects, engineers and builders. Ove Arup's engineering achievements helped make Utzon's vision a reality. The design represents an extraordinary interpretation and response to the setting in Sydney Harbour. The Sydney Opera House is also of outstanding universal value for its achievements in structural engineering and building technology. The building is a great artistic monument and an icon, accessible to society at large.
Criterion (i): The Sydney Opera House is a great architectural work of the 20th century. It represents multiple strands of creativity, both in architectural form and structural design, a great urban sculpture carefully set in a remarkable waterscape and a world famous iconic building.
All elements necessary to express the values of the Sydney Opera House are included within the boundaries of the nominated area and buffer zone. This ensures the complete representation of its significance as an architectural object of great beauty in its waterscape setting. The Sydney Opera House continues to perform its function as a world-class performing arts centre. The Conservation Plan specifies the need to balance the roles of the building as an architectural monument and as a state of the art performing centre, thus retaining its authenticity of use and function. Attention given to retaining the building's authenticity culminated with the Conservation Plan and the Utzon Design Principles.
The Sydney Opera House was included in the National Heritage List in 2005 under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and on the State Heritage Register of New South Wales in 2003 under the Heritage Act 1977. Listing in the National Heritage List implies that any proposed action to be taken inside or outside the boundaries of a National Heritage place or a World Heritage property that may have a significant impact on the heritage values is prohibited without the approval of the Minister for the Environment and Heritage. A buffer zone has been established.
The present state of conservation is very good. The property is maintained and preserved through regular and rigorous repair and conservation programmes. The management system of the Sydney Opera House takes into account a wide range of measures provided under planning and heritage legislation and policies of both the Australian Government and the New South Wales Government. The Management Plan for the Sydney Opera House, the Conservation Plan and the Utzon Design Principles together provide the policy framework for the conservation and management of the Sydney Opera House.
A major cultural centre for Sydney and its siting at Bennelong Point had been discussed since the 1940s. In 1956 the New South Wales Government called an open-ended international design competition and appointed an independent jury, rather than commissioning a local firm. The competition brief provided broad specifications to attract the best design talent in the world; it did not specify design parameters or set a cost limit. The main requirement of the competition brief was a design for a dual function building with two performance halls.
The competition generated enormous interest in Australia and overseas. The New South Wales Government's decision to commission Jørn Utzon as the sole architect was unexpected, bold and visionary. There was scepticism as to whether the structure could be built given Utzon's limited experience, the rudimentary and unique design concept and the absence of any engineering advice. The competition drawings were largely diagrammatic, the design had not been fully costed and neither Utzon nor the jury had consulted a structural engineer. Utzon's design concept included unprecedented architectural forms and demanded solutions that required new technologies and materials. The New South Wales Government also faced public pressure to select an Australian architect.
The Sydney Opera House is often thought of as being constructed in three stages and this is useful in understanding the history of the three key elements of its architectural composition: the podium (stage 1: 1958–1961), the vaulted shells (stage 2: 1962–1967) and the glass walls and interiors (stage 3: 1967–1973). Architect Jørn Utzon conceived the overall design and supervised the construction of the podium and the vaulted shells. The glass walls and interiors were designed and their construction supervised by architect Peter Hall supported by Lionel Todd and David Littlemore in conjunction with the then New South Wales Government Architect, Ted Farmer. Peter Hall was in conversation with Utzon on various aspects of the design for at least eighteen months following his departure. Ove Arup & Partners provided the engineering expertise for all three stages of construction.
Design and construction were closely intertwined. Utzon's unique design together with his radical approach to the construction of the building fostered an exceptional collaborative and innovative environment. His collaborative model marked a break from conventional architectural practice at the time. The design solution and construction of the shell structure took eight years to complete and the development of the special ceramic tiles for the shells took over three years. The Sydney Opera House became a testing laboratory and a vast, open-air pre-casting factory.
The Sydney Opera House took sixteen years to build; this was six years longer than scheduled and ten times more than its original estimated cost. On 20 October 1973 the Sydney Opera House was officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II. After inauguration, new works were undertaken over time. Between 1986 and 1988 the land approach and forecourt were reconstructed and the lower concourse developed under the supervision of the then New South Wales Government Architect, Andrew Andersons, with contributions by Peter Hall.
Between 1998 and 1999 the recording and rehearsal room was converted into two areas: an assembly area for the orchestra and the Studio, a revitalised performance space for the presentation of innovative music and performing arts. In 1998, in accordance with the celebration of the 25th anniversary of inauguration, the Sydney Opera House Trust appointed Sydney architect Richard Johnson to advise on future development of the site and to establish planning principles. Through Johnson, the Sydney Opera House Trust began negotiations to reconcile with Utzon and to re-engage him with the building in an advisory capacity. In 1999 Utzon formally accepted Premier Carr's invitation to re-engage with the project by setting down design principles that outline his vision for the building and explain the principles behind his design. Over three years he worked with his architect son and business partner, Jan Utzon, and Richard Johnson to draw up his design principles for the Sydney Opera House, including the refurbishment of the reception hall, construction of the western loggia, exploration of options for improving the Concert Hall acoustics, improving services to the forecourt to support performances, modification of the orchestra pit and interior of the Opera Theatre. In 2002 The Sydney Opera House Trust released the Utzon Design Principles. In 2004 refurbishment of the Utzon Room (formerly known as the reception hall) was completed. Source: Advisory Body Evaluation


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OMR forms are sheets containing index points on all four corners, and question blocks and answer bubbles for marking the correct answer. Candidates appearing for OMR answer sheet based MCQ tests are required to fill these bubbles with blue/black ball point pen, which the OMR software then reads to verify the accuracy of the answers.
OMR forms handwriting are more popular in the recent days because of its varied uses. These forms have blocks meant for writing addresses or other free-text information. OMR Software comes equipped with OCR and ICR technologies for reading printed digits, barcodes etc and handwritten text, respectively. It can also read images and photographs to be stored in the database for later use and reference.
For all OMT forms with handwriting to be read effectively, the forms need to be filled appropriately. It is advised that you first read the instructions on the form carefully before beginning to fill it.
If it is specified that you use a ball point pen, use only a ball point pen, and not a pencil.
Never use fountain pens and gel-based ink pens to fill the sheets.
If the form needs to be filled using uppercase characters, never use lowercase characters, as the software won't be able to read the forms properly.
Handwritten OMR forms are read by the software the same way OMR sheets with bubbles are read. You may use any scanner to scan the sheets. Addmen OMR software reads the sheets and exports the information collected onto Excel sheet formats.


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Revision Control System and Concurrent Versions System in Linux
The Revision Control System (RCS) is a set of tools for managing multiple revisions of a single file.
To store a revision of a file so that RCS can keep track of it, you check in the file with RCS. This deposits the revision of the file in an RCS repository—a file that RCS uses to store all changes to that file. RCS makes a repository file with the same file name as the file you are checking in, but with a ',v' extension appended to the name. For example, checking in the file 'test.text' with RCS creates a repository file called 'test.text,v'.
Another revision control system, Concurrent Versions System (CVS), is used for tracking collections of multiple files whose revisions are made concurrently by multiple authors. While much less simple than RCS, it is very popular for managing free software projects on the Internet.
When you have a version of a file that you want to keep track of, use the ci command to check in that file with RCS.
Type ci followed by the name of a file to deposit that file into the RCS repository. If the file has never before been checked in, ci prompts for a description to use for that file; each subsequent time the file is checked in, ci prompts for text to include in the file's revision log. Log messages may contain more than one line of text; type a period ('.') on a line by itself to end the entry.
For example, suppose the file 'novel' contains this text:
This is a tale about many things, including a long voyage across America.
To check in the file 'novel' with RCS, type:
$ ci novel novel,v <-- novel enter description, terminated with single '.' or end of file: NOTE: This is NOT the log message! >> The Great American Novel. >> . $
This command deposits the file in an RCS repository file called 'novel,v', and the original file, 'novel', is removed. To edit or access the file again, you must check out a revision of the file from RCS with which to work.
Whenever you have a new revision that you want to save, use ci as before to check in the file. This begins the process all over again.
For example, suppose you have checked out the first revision of 'novel' and changed the file so that it now looks like this:
This is a very long tale about a great many things, including my long voyage across America, and back home again.
To deposit this revision in RCS, type:
$ ci novel novel,v <-- novel new revision: 1.2; previous revision: 1.1 enter log message, terminated with single '.' or end of file: >> Second draft. >> . $
If you create a subdirectory called 'RCS' (in all uppercase letters) in the current directory, RCS recognizes this specially named directory instead of the current directory as the place to store the ',v' revision files. This helps reduce clutter in the directory you are working in.
If the file you are depositing is a text file, you can have RCS insert a line of text, every time the file is checked out, containing the name of the file, the revision number, the date and time in the UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) time zone, and the user ID of the author. To do this, put the text '$Id$' at a place in the file where you want this text to be written. You only need to do this once; each time you check the file out, RCS replaces this string in the file with the header text.
You should use the co command to check out a revision of a file from an RCS repository.
To check out the latest revision of a file that you intend to edit (and to check in later as a new revision), use the -l (for "lock") option. Locking a revision in this fashion prevents overlapping changes being made to the file should another revision be accidentally checked out before this revision is checked in.
To check out the latest revision of the file 'novel' for editing, type:
$ co -l novel
This command checks out the latest revision of file 'novel' from the 'novel,v' repository, writing it to a file called 'novel' in the current directory. (If a file with that name already exists in the current directory, co asks whether or not to overwrite the file.) You can make changes to this file and then check it in as a new revision.
You can also check out a version of a file as read only, where changes cannot be written to it. Do this to check out a version to view only and not to edit.
To check out the current version of a file for examination, type the co command followed by the name of the file.
To check out the current revision of file 'novel', but not permit changes to it, type:
$ co novel
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St Thomas of Canterbury Catholic Primary School
Live, Love, Believe.
E Safety Talk
It was lovely to welcome P.C. Joe Finch into school today. He spoke to the children about how we use the internet safely.
His key messages were:
The internet can be a good place.
Sometimes there are things on the internet and people on the internet that make you sad. If this is the case tell a grown up as soon as you can.
Children were also reminded that things like Facebook and Snapchat have a minimum age to access them, usually 13 years old. This means that no child in this school should have their own facebook or snapchat accounts.
P.C. Finch is going to come back into school at a time when parents can join us so that they can also ask questions about keeping children safe on the internet. He will also share some videos that are helpful for parents.


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Although!$omp offers much performance improvement if suitably used, there are also some basic programming strategies to minimise memory access and improve performance. These become even more significant when using openmp. From the coding example msohail posted on 7th March, I would recommend changing the do loop order to sequentially access memory:
!$omp parallel do collapse(3)
Q(I,J,K)=V(I,J,K) ( update the variable )
!$OMP END PARALLEL DO
You did do this with the other nested loops, but (depending on the values of NI,NJ,NK) you might be surprised how slow your alternative loop is for accessing memory, especially if arrays Q and V are much larger that the cache size of the computer you are using.
I have not used collapse, but I wonder if NK is much larger than the number of available threads, would collapse have any benefit? There is no indication of the relative size of NI,NJ,NK to indicate if collapse is worthwile or which loop order might be most effective.


Abstract
Polystyrene particles simulating bacteria flow down a micro-channel in the presence of potassium chloride solution. Depending on the ionic concentration or flow rates, portion of the particles are trapped on the glass substrate due to intrinsic surface forces. A novel quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is built into the microfluidic device to track the real-time particle deposition by shift of the resonance frequency. The new technique is promising to quantify water filtration.
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Photo of the Week: Haitian Mangoes Ripe for Market
August 02, 2013
The Haiti Hope Project is helping revitalize Haiti's mango industry and raise the standard of living for thousands of farming families.
A young Haitian farmer harvests Francique mangoes, a variety unique to Haiti and prized for its juicy, sweet flavor. Until recently, fewer than 5 percent of the mangoes produced in Haiti reached the export market, and farmers struggled to earn a viable income from their fruit trees. The Haiti Hope Project is helping create sustainable economic opportunities for Haitian mango farmers and their families.
The Haiti Hope Project is a public-private partnership comprised of The Coca-Cola Company; the Multilateral Investment Fund (MIF), a member of the Inter-American Development Bank Group (IDB); the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID); and TechnoServe. Haiti Hope aims to double the incomes of 25,000 smallholder farmers five years after they join the Project. TechnoServe is training local mango producers and connecting them to international markets. To date, more than 23,000 farmers – nearly 50 percent of whom are women – have enrolled in the program. This year, more than 450 tons of fresh mangoes were sold through Whole Foods stores throughout the United States, a 150 percent increase from last year.
Learn more about the Haiti Hope Project.
Related Blog Posts
Smallholder farmers face increasing difficulty growing crops as a result of climate change. Despite this threat to their livelihoods, many techniques can help farmers improve their resilience in the face of climate-related challenges. Take our quiz to see how much you know about the impact of climate change on small farmers, and the "climate-smart" approaches that can help.
TechnoServe has developed a new interactive tool to share lessons from our work.
In Bihar, India, female maize farmers are forming collectives to ensure fair prices for their crops and to create gender-inclusive markets. Many of the farmers are becoming board members within the collectives to ensure continued success.


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Shichao Ou, Rod Grupen
This paper presents a learning framework that enables a robot to learn comprehensive policies autonomously from a series of incrementally more challenging tasks designed by a human teacher. Psychologists have shown that human infants rapidly acquire general strategies and then extend that behavior with contingencies for new situations. This strategy allows an infant to quickly acquire new behavior and then to refine it over time. The psychology literature calls such compensatory action prospective behavior and it has been identified as an important problem in robotics as well. In this paper, we provide an algorithm for learning prospective behavior to accommodate special-purpose situations that can occur when a general-purpose schema is applied to challenging new cases. The algorithm permits a robot to address complex tasks incrementally while reusing existing behavior as much as possible. First, we motivate prospective behavior in human infants and in common robotic tasks. We introduce an algorithm that searches for places in a schema where compensatory actions can effectively avoid predictable future errors. The algorithm is evaluated on a simple grid-world navigation problem. Results show that learning performance improves significantly over an equivalent flat learning formulation by re-using knowledge as appropriate and extending behavior only when necessary. We conclude with a discussion of where prospective repair of general-purpose behavior can play important roles in the development of behavior for effective human-robot interaction.


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Computer scientists at the University of Washington have developed a way to use a modified Wi-Fi router to detect specific gestures -- even through walls -- without the need for additional sensors or cameras.
The technology, called WiSee, allows users to control electronic devices from any room in the home with simple gestures. According to a study led by assistant professor Shyam Gollokota, WiSee can identify and classify a set of nine gestures with an average accuracy of 94 percent.
Conventional gesture recognition technologies such as Kinect tend to involve cameras and depth sensors. However, these devices can only recognise gestures in the room where the sensor is.
Alternative techniques have tried to harness on-body sensors.
WiSee's "whole-home gesture recognition system" doesn't need any user instrumentation or array of cameras. Instead it relies on analysing the Wi-Fi signals within an environment. Wi-Fi signals can travel through walls, meaning that only a few sources -- such as the Wi-Fi access point connected to the router and a couple of mobile devices -- are needed to be able to position people (and their gestures) within a building.
WiSee looks at subtle Doppler shifts and multi-path distortions that occur in these Wi-Fi signals when humans move within the environment. With the Doppler shift part, WiSee looks for the frequency change of a wave as its source moves relative to the observer -- the same effect we hear with the changing pitch of a siren as an emergency vehicle passes us. In the context of WiSee, the reflections of the Wi-Fi signal as they bounce off the human body are seen as the source. This means that when a human performs a gesture, it creates a specific pattern of Doppler shifts that are picked up by the wireless receiver. So moving one's hand away from the receiver would be a negative Doppler shift and moving it towards the receiver would be a negative one. The team had to map a number of different gestures -- including a bowling movement, a kick, a punch and circling the hand -- to the Doppler shifts they created.


Variabilidade Espaço-Temporal da linha de costa do Rio Grande do Sul
This source preferred by Luciana Esteves
Authors: Slomp Esteves, L.
Editors: Muehe, D.
Pages: 460-467
Publisher: Ministerio do Meio Ambiente
Place of Publication: Brasilia, Brazil
ISBN: 9788577380282
Patterns of shoreline change in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) are described using kinematic DGPS surveys obtained from 1997 and 2002. The application of kinematic DGPS to map the 618 km of the RS coastline allowed the identification of seasonal and annual patterns of shoreline change at an unprecedent spatial and scale. The results show regional differences in the magnitude and in the pattern of seasonal and anual shoreline displacements, and also indicate that the shoreline returns to a previous position in different time scales in the three major sectors of the RS coast. Along the southern sector, the shoreline responds differently south and north of Albardão lighthouse, an area of a significant change in the coastline orientation. North of Albardão, the annual displacements of the shoreline indicate accretion with maximum magnitudes around 100 m. South of Albardão, the shoreline moves seaward in one year and northward in the following year with displacements not reaching 40 m. Along the central sector, changes in the shoreline position are the greatest in the state with magnitudes around 150 m. The annual shoreline changes along the central sector show an rhythmic pattern where accreting and eroding areas are intercalated and move to opposite directions in consecutive years. Along the northern sector, shoreline movements also show an opposite and rhythmic pattern and magnitudes of changes are variable alongshore. However, in this sector movements are dominantly seaward in one year and landward in the following year.
The data on this page was last updated at 05:24 on January 23, 2021.


Bringing a Whole Health Approach to Behavioral Healthcare
Encompassing mental health conditions and substance use disorders, behavioral health is a key component of whole health. At Anthem, we believe a comprehensive approach is needed to address the behavioral health needs of our communities.
Dr. Nancy Norman, MPH, on Connecting the Dots Between Behavioral Health and Housing
Medical Director of Integration Dr. Nancy Norman, MPH, discusses the connections between behavioral health and safe/affordable housing, insecure housing and homelessness, and how Anthem is increasing access to housing and behavioral healthcare to improve outcomes.


compiler. Such functions can also optionally be marked with a @tailrec annotation, which makes it a compilation error if the function is not tail recursive[38]
 - Scheme – Required by the language definition[39][40]
 - Tcl – Since Tcl 8.6, Tcl has a tailcall command[41]
 - Zig – Yes[42]
See also
Notes
 1. Like this:
 if (ls != NULL) {
 head = malloc( sizeof *head);
 head->value = ls->value;
 head->next = duplicate( ls->next);
 }
 2. Like this:
 if (ls != NULL) {
 head = malloc( sizeof *head);
 head->value = ls->value;
 duplicate( ls->next, &(head->next));
 }
 3. The call instruction first pushes the current code location onto the stack and then performs an unconditional jump to the code location indicated by the label. The ret instruction first pops a code location off the stack, then performs an unconditional jump to the retrieved code location.
References
 1. Steven Muchnick; Muchnick and Associates (15 August 1997). Advanced Compiler Design Implementation. Morgan Kaufmann. ISBN 978-1-55860-320-2. _URL_
 2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Steele, Guy Lewis (1977). "Debunking the "expensive procedure call" myth or, procedure call implementations considered harmful or, LAMBDA: The Ultimate GOTO". Proceedings of the 1977 annual conference on - ACM '77. pp. 153–162. doi:10.1145/800179.810196. ISBN 978-1-4503-2308-6.
 3. "The LLVM Target-Independent Code Generator — LLVM 7 documentation". _URL_
 4. "recursion - Stack memory usage for tail calls - Theoretical Computer Science". Cstheory.stackexchange.com. 2011-07-29. _URL_
 5. 5.0 5.1 "Revised^6 Report on the Algorithmic Language Scheme". R6rs.org. _URL_
 6. "Revised^6 Report on the Algorithmic Language Scheme - Rationale". R6rs.org. _URL_
 7. "Revised^6 Report on the Algorithmic Language Scheme". R6rs.org. _URL_
 8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 Sussman, G. J.; Abelson, Hal (1984). Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-01077-1. _URL_
 9. D. H. D. Warren, DAI Research Report 141, University of Edinburgh, 1980.
 10. Daniel P. Friedman and David S. Wise, Technical Report TR19: Unwinding Structured Recursions into Iterations, Indiana University, Dec. 1974. PDF available here (webarchived copy here).
 11. R5RS Sec. 3.5, Richard Kelsey et al. (August 1998). "Revised5 Report on the Algorithmic Language Scheme". Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation 11 (1): 7–105. doi:10.1023/A:1010051815785. _URL_
 12. Contact details. "goto". perldoc.perl.org. _URL_
 13. "What is difference between tail calls and tail recursion?", Stack Overflow
 14. "What limitations does the JVM impose on tail-call optimization", Programmers Stack Exchange
 15. Lattner, Chris. "LLVM Language Reference Manual, section: The LLVM Target-Independent Code Generator, sub: Tail Call Optimization". The LLVM Project. _URL_
 16. "Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC): Optimize Options". _URL_
 17. "foptimize-sibling-calls". _URL_
 18. "Tackling C++ Tail Calls". _URL_
 19. Probst, Mark (20 July 2000). "proper tail recursion for gcc". GCC Project. _URL_
 20. Samuel Jack, Bouncing on your tail. Functional Fun. April 9, 2008.
 21. 21.0 21.1 Henry Baker, "CONS Should Not CONS Its Arguments, Part II: Cheney on the M.T.A."
 22. "(recur expr*)". _URL_
 23. "Recursion". _URL_
 24. Czaplicki, Evan. "Functional Programming in Elm: Tail-Call Elimination". _URL_
 25. "Tail Calls in F#". Microsoft. _URL_
 26. "proposal: Go 2: add become statement to support tail calls". _URL_
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 31. "Lua 5.3 Reference Manual". _URL_
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 35. "The Racket Reference". _URL_
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pt:Recursividade (ciência da computação)#Funções recursivas em cauda es:Recursión (ciencias de computación)#Funciones de recursión de cola


text:
Detailed information about Coin: Half Cent 1885 from North Borneo
The British North Borneo Company had the right to produce coin under its Royal Charter, granted in 1881. It had 1 cent coins struck in England from 1882 and 1/2 cent pieces from 1885. These coins were linked to the silver dollar as used in the Straits Settlement and Hong Kong.
Although there was another production of this denomination made in 1907, the 1891 issue of half cents seems to have been the last to have seen widespread circulation. In _PHONE_ the Company moved from the use of bronze to copper-nickel, issuing 1 cent and new denominations of 2 1/2 cents and 5 cent in that metal; the 1/2 cent was not continued.
|Country||North Borneo||Currency||British North Borneo Dollar|
|Face value||1/2 (x Cent)||Type||Half Cent|
|Year||1885||Current||No (demonetised 1953)|
|Mintage||1,000,000 (1.0 million)|
|Production technology||Milled (machine-made)||Shape||Round|
|Size (mm)||23.5000||Thickness (mm)|
Shield of the British North Borneo Company; on shield, a lion above a dhow (boat); below, 1885; the mint mark (H for The Mint, Birmingham - also known as Heaton & Sons), above the date.
Within a laurel wreath, HALF CENT; above and below the denomination it is repeated in Chinese characters: 洋元半分; below the wreath the denomination in Malay; around above, BRITISH NORTH BORNEO Co.
BRITISH NORTH BORNEO Co. HALF CENT 洋元半分
|Krause, Standard Catalog of World Coins||British North Borneo KM# 1|
|Atkins, Coins and Tokens of the British Empire||1889||Coin description|
|Museums Victoria Collections||2016||Coin description|
|Atkins, Coins and Tokens of the British Empire||1889||Mint|
|The Coins of Malaysia||1969||Mint|
|The Coins of Malaysia||1969||Mintage|
|Remick, Catalogue of British Commonwealth Coins||1971||Mintage|
|Atkins, Coins and Tokens of the British Empire||1889||Varieties||Proof|
|Remick, Catalogue of British Commonwealth Coins||1971||Varieties||Proof|
|It seems none of our members is selling this coin now. If you have one to sell, sign up and advertise it for free.|
|Half Cent 1885||Half Cent 1886||Half Cent 1887||Half Cent 1891||Half Cent 1907|


text:
Empathy is the Glue that Connects Relationships
The Success Dynamics International model begins with assessment; targets needs and areas for improvement; and facilitates learning and training for excellence at all levels. Success Dynamics' EIQ-2 certification provides state-of-the-art, active, experiential learning developed to train experts in applied emotional intelligence. Through a blended-learning approach, concentrated development gives participants the tools to perform, train, and coach at the highest levels. Completion of the program equips participants to facilitate training with access to appropriate EIQ-2 tools.
In-depth development is provided over the EIQ-2 Emotional Intelligence model emphasizing Emotional Self-Awareness; Emotional Self-Management and Regulation; Dynamic Initiative and Motivation; Empathy and Communication; and Relationships and Interpersonal Connection. EIQ-2 offers soft skills and emotional intelligence with an integrated approach to performance excellence.
Two Emotional Intelligence Certification Levels
We offer 2 unique emotional intelligence certifications:
1. Executive/Gold Peak Performance Processes
The Executive/Gold level of certification is Peak Performance Processes. This covers:
- The Empathy Principle™
- EIQ-2™ Emotional Intelligence
- EIQ-2™ Second Stage Emotional Intelligence: Influence and Sales and
- EIQ-2™ Second Stage Emotional Intelligence: Leadership
2. Master/Platinum Organizational Excellence
The Master/Platinum stage of certification is Organizational Excellence. This training includes:
- TmEIQ-10™ Team Emotional Intelligence
- ESO™ Emotionally Smart Organizations and
- EIQ-2CRM™ Customer Service and Relations Management
Our design taps into business expertise, psychological savvy and the best in adult learning. It integrates individual, team and organizational emotional intelligence to optimize performance at all levels. Emotional Intelligence is flexible. It can be improved. The EIQ-2 system provides an array of tools focused on growth at all levels targeted towards meaningful results. It uses assessment to chart a path to long-term success.
Download the Agendas
Certification in the EIQ-2 takes two days for each level. Training is done through e-learning; in-class and/or webinar components. Workshops may vary but follow the same overall structure.


E. The Modern Era
Social Action
Alice in Blunderland DumbartonLooking Outside Its Walls. No longer a neighborhood church, Dumbarton drew college students from Georgetown and nearby areas and social activists from the suburbs to renew itself. Previously nonpolitical, the church now immersed itself in civil rights marches, peace rallies and local and world affairs. A Dumbarton-performed traveling musical, "Alice In Blunderland," nuclear disarmanent. The church became nationally known as a leader in progressive Christianity.
Sanctuary. In 1985, Dumbarton sheltered a Salvadoran immigrant who entered the country illegally. The cause was part of the national sanctuary movement, in which churches defied national law by taking undocumented persons under their wings. Church members also took numerous mission trips to Latin America and Palestine to observe conditions and recommend changes.
Sexual Identity. Dumbarton became a reconciling congregation in 1987, throwing out the welcome mat to gays, lesbians, bisexuals and transsexuals. Many of them joined the church, grateful for the opportunity to openly worship without concealing their sexual identities. When the District of Columbia legalized same-sex marriage in 2009, Dumbarton became the first United Methodist congregation in the city to agree to perform such weddings, despite opposition from the larger United Methodist church.


text:
What is SAP PI?
SAP PI (Process Integration) is an undertaking joining stage that gives consistent mix among SAP and non-SAP applications inside the association A2A (Application to Application) or even external the association B2B (Business to Business). It permits associations to trade data between inner programming projects inside the organization and outer frameworks outside the organization.The SAP PI full structure is Process Integration.
What is SAP PO?
SAP PO (Process Orchestration) is an instrument for mechanization and streamlining of business processes. It consolidates elements of SAP Business Process Management (BPM), SAP Process Integration (PI), and SAP Business Rules Management (BRM). As such, SAP Process Orchestration is a further developed rendition of SAP PI and has every one of the instruments expected to incorporate applications. The SAP PO full structure is Process Orchestration. Figuring out SAP PI/PO with an Example However, this was a specialized part of SAP PI, yet to comprehend this better we will see the case of execution of SAP Process Integration.
To comprehend the idea of SAP PI all the more plainly, we take an illustration of an enormous scope Dairy Industry, which is working in a huge part of a state and ruling the locale. Be that as it may, there is some limited scale dairy businesses working in a similar district, lined up with the enormous scope industry which isn't creating a gain because of their cost variety contrast with huge scope industry. So to keep away from the valuing struggle and keeping up with a similar value all around the district, enormous scope and limited scope industry choose to connect together, with the assistance of SAP PI. They interconnect with one another with the assistance of SAP PI and began to function as a solitary unit. Presently, through SAP PI they can trade all the data relating to dairy industry, including estimating and share an equivalent measure of benefit.
SAP PI interfaces various stages like
SAP and Non-SAP frameworks
B2B and A2A Scenarios
Offbeat and Synchronous Communications
Cross-part business process the executives
In this SAP PI/PO instructional exercise, we will learn
Why SAP PI/PO?
Before SAP PI, business would associate with one another through highlight point correspondence. In any case, this cycle isn't utilized for various and complex cycles. For smooth correspondence between different organizations, Mediated correspondence or Integration merchant is utilized, and SAP PI adjusts this framework well overall. It empowers interconnection of an alternate interaction by means of a focal area known as Integration Broker, dissimilar forthright to point association which is more similar to a cobweb. The coordination specialist or server is a fundamental piece of interceded correspondence comprise of Java based Advanced Adapter Engine (AAE) and a reconciliation motor for directing. Interceded correspondence depends on a coordination merchant which is executed by trading XML messages.
Significance of SAP PI/PO
SAP PI PO Overview
Let perceive how SAP PI handles the XML messages by the assistance of Integration Broker. The trading of information or message in SAP PI happens in this four stages.
Message Transformation: During message trade, it changes the construction of the business information
Message Routing: Forwarding a message sent by a shipper framework to at least one recipient frameworks
Network Adapters: Connecting the coordination representative and recipient framework, the connector will change the approaching message into an inbound message and later believer it to the configuration of the getting framework at the opposite end
Joining Processes: Cross part Business Process Management (ccBPM) comprises of capabilities for upgraded administration organization.
Next in this SAP PI instructional exercise, we will figure out How SAP PI/PO works.
How SAP PI/PO works
SAP PI carries out three essential roles
Interface: SAP PI has a capacity to incorporate with all application whether or not it is an application from an outsider or from the SAP. It utilizes the connector system to coordinate outsider arrangements. Co-ordinate: It can characterize a way/work process for every deal that is incorporated. It guarantees that each message is accurately conveyed from the source to the objective Convey: It can make an interpretation of documents into any configuration whether an inside record design or any business to business combination standard.Next in this SAP PO instructional exercise, we will find out about SAP PI PO design. SAP PI is certainly not a solitary part liable for the reconciliation of SAP and Non-SAP application, yet a bunch of parts together make SAP PI useful. This engineering of SAP PI or parts is utilized during configuration time, design time and at run time. The different parts of SAP PI incorporate
SAP PI/PO Tutorial: What is Process Integration &
In today's fast-paced digital era, the realm of business
operations has undergone a significant transformation. With enterprises relying
heavily on technology for seamless operations, the integration and
orchestration of processes have become critical. SAP Process Integration (PI)
and Process Orchestration (PO) stand as pillars in enabling businesses to
harmonize their operations, and understanding their essence is pivotal for
professionals seeking growth and efficiency.
The Importance of SAP PI/PO Tutorial: What is Process
Integration & Orchestration in Today's World
In a highly interconnected business ecosystem, the ability
to integrate disparate systems and processes is paramount. SAP PI/PO serves as
a vital conduit, facilitating the smooth flow of data and operations across
various departments within an organization. This integration fosters
efficiency, agility, and better decision-making, making it indispensable in
contemporary business landscapes.
Exploring Different Types of SAP PI/PO Tutorial: What is
Process Integration & Orchestration
SAP PI/PO encompasses a spectrum of integration
methodologies, each catering to specific business needs. From technical
integration focusing on system connectivity to functional integration ensuring
seamless process flow, understanding these types is crucial for businesses
aiming to optimize their operations.
Benefits of Pursuing SAP PI/PO Tutorial: What is Process
Integration & Orchestration
Implementing SAP PI/PO offers multifaceted advantages. It
streamlines operations, reduces redundancies, minimizes errors, and enhances
data accuracy. These benefits collectively contribute to increased operational
efficiency and better resource utilization, resulting in cost savings and
How SAP PI/PO Tutorial: What is Process Integration &
Orchestration Enhances Professional Development
Professionals equipped with SAP PI/PO expertise are in high
demand. Mastery in these systems not only amplifies an individual's skills but
also opens doors to a myriad of career opportunities in roles related to
integration, data management, and process optimization.
Choosing the Right Education Course: Tailoring Learning
Selecting the ideal SAP PI/PO education course aligns with
one's career aspirations. Factors like course content, duration, accreditation,
and alignment with industry trends play a pivotal role in shaping an
individual's learning journey.
Online vs. Traditional Learning: Pros and Cons for SAP
The mode of learning, whether online or traditional, bears
its own set of advantages and limitations. Online courses offer flexibility and
accessibility, whereas traditional courses often provide a structured learning
environment. Deciding between the two depends on individual preferences and
The Future of SAP PI/PO: Emerging Trends and Innovations
As technology evolves, SAP PI/PO is poised to embrace new
trends and innovations. Concepts like AI-driven automation, enhanced
connectivity, and real-time data processing are projected to revolutionize
process integration and orchestration.
Impact of SAP PI/PO on Student Success: Transforming
SAP PI/PO doesn't just impact businesses; it significantly influences educational experiences. Its inclusion in academic curricula empowers students, equipping them with practical skills that bridge the gap between theory and industry requirements.
Addressing Challenges in SAP PI/PO: Problem-Solving
Despite its advantages, SAP PI/PO implementation may
encounter challenges. Understanding common obstacles like system compatibility
issues or data integrity concerns and employing proactive solutions is imperative
for seamless operations.
Pedagogy and Methodology of SAP PI/PO: Understanding the
The educational framework and methodologies employed in
teaching SAP PI/PO play a crucial role in knowledge retention and practical
application. Interactive sessions, real-world case studies, and hands-on
experiences contribute significantly to effective learning.
Global Perspective on SAP PI/PO: Integration &
The application of SAP PI/PO extends far beyond regional
boundaries. Its global adoption in diverse industries highlights its
universality and adaptability, showcasing its significance in international
SAP PI/PO for Personal Growth: Lifelong Learning and
The value of SAP PI/PO education transcends professional
realms. Embracing continuous learning and skill enrichment not only furthers
career prospects but also fosters personal growth and adaptability in a dynamic
Funding and Scholarships: Support for SAP PI/PO Education
Financial constraints shouldn't hinder access to SAP PI/PO
education. Various scholarships and funding opportunities exist to support
aspiring learners, ensuring inclusivity and accessibility to quality education.
Case Studies: Success Stories from SAP PI/PO Education
Real-life examples of individuals benefiting from SAP PI/PO
education provide tangible insights into the transformative impact on careers.
These success stories serve as inspirations for aspiring professionals seeking
growth and development.
|SAPUI5 Tutorial for Beginners: What is Fiori with Examples
|SAP PI/PO Tutorial: What is Process Integration & Orchestration
|SAP Crystal Reports Tutorial


« A General A* Solver i… « || Inicio || » Artificial Neural Net… »
Local Search Algorithms in NetLogo
Última modificación: 17 de Octubre de 2019, y ha tenido 1843 vistas
Etiquetas utilizadas: || || || ||
In the basic search algorithms mentioned in previous posts (BFS and A*), when a goal is found in the search space associated to the problem, the solution is given as a path connecting the initial position with the goal state. In these cases we are interested not only in the structure of the final state (that we can know in advance) but in how to get it by using some operations from a specific (commonly random) initial state.
But in many cases we don't know the structure of the final solution, only some properties to verify, and the path does not matter, and if we use a path it's only as a way to obtain the solution. This fact can be illustrated with the familiar 8 Queens problem:
Given a standard chess board (\(8\times 8\) cells) and 8 queens, locate them in the board in such a way as to have no two queens attacking each other (that is, no queen can be on the same row, column, or diagonal as another).
We can generalize this problem to play with \(N\) queens on a \(N\times N\) board. From a theoretical point of view, it's a simple problem, but we will see that easily illustrates the importance of having good algorithms. On a small board like \(4\times 4\), a very simple way is to solve it by brute force: test every set of queen positions. In this small case, the state space (the different positions the queens can be) is really small, only \(4!= 24\) positions. When playing in the standard board we obtain \(8!=40,320\) positions, a bigger number that we can still manage by brute force in a short time. However, this simple search rapidly gets much larger space. If we extend the problem to be \(12\) queens, we will get a space with \(12!= 479,001,600\) states, and if we move to \(15\) or \(20\) queens we obtain \(1,307,674,368,000\) or \(2,432,902,008,176,640,000\) states, respectively... which changes the search from seconds to years to find the solution.
Of course, in this particular problem there are ways to reduce the search space by using symmetries or similar tricks, but the problem remains the same: the search space grows at factorial rate, while the reductions only remove a linear fraction of them. We need some other tools to get better algorithms for browsing the space in the search of the solution.
In the previous searching algorithms we use a set of operations that, usually, have a natural meaning in the real world (where the problem is extracted from), and the solution path is in fact a sequence of operations transforming the initial state into the goal state by means of legal moves. Since now we aim to obtain a solution state no mind the way to reach it, we can use operations that probably have no meaning in the real world, but they are only ways to transform states in (hopefully) better states (regarding the goal).
In this post we will see implementations of a couple of methods that, starting from initial states, will search in the state space by local moves that take us closer to the solution. As the space is more complex and bigger, more difficult is to find the solution, hence we will not be interested in the "best" path to reach the goal, and maybe we don't obtain the goal in a minimal optimal time, but frequently is good enough to reach it or find a state that is very similar to one solution (that is, sometimes we change the best solution for a good enough solution).
Hill Climbing Methods
The basic Hill Climbing Algorithm is an iterative algorithm that starts with an random state in the search space and then attempts to find a better solution by changing some parts of the structure of the state. If the change produces a better option, we accept it and we repeat again the procedure until no further improvements can be found.
In order to measure the quality of the states, we need some kind of function that provides this information:
 - If we measure how far we are from the best solution, it will be called error or distance and our problem can be rewritten into trying to minimize this function.
 - If we measure how good the states are, it will be called fitness and our problem can be rewritten into trying to maximize it.
 - In any case, the solution represents now an optimal value of the function, and we have transformed the search problem into an optimization problem.
We can see the problem as an agent that browses the search space moving from states to states improving the function as a climber trying to get higher in a mountain. Of course, this method presents some limitations and it is not efficient, as the climbers can reach a local extreme that is not optimal (that is, the climber will improve the states until it reaches one state that can't change to a better one).
Under some assumptions (if the function to optimize is continuous and derivable on the search space,... think about functions between real numbers if it is easier) the hill climbing algorithm is closely related to Gradient Descent method for optimization.
With this method as basement, we can create slightly variants that improve the results in a several ways. The one that we will implement in NetLogo works with a number of simultaneous climbers that, in any state, look for all the states it can reach from it by simple operations and take the best option regarding the optimization function (in any of the states, they can evaluate this function to compare between neighbour states).
Hill Climbing on Patches (Download Model)
In order to show how to implement this type of searchers in NetLogo, we will work with a very specific and graphical situation: in the patches of the world we will suppose a numerical value, and we aim to search for the patch with the higher value. To simplify the code, we will use pcolor as the value to maximize on patches.
Let's start to comment this Hill Climbing implementation on patches:
We define a breed of agents that will browse the space while searching. As the climber can reach a local maximum, we will store in the agent if it is on a patch that has no better neighbours.
breed [climbers climber]

climbers-own [
 on-hill? ; shows if the turtle has reached one hill
 ]

globals [
 num-states ; It will store the number of states that have been visited by the climbers-own
; during the search process ]
In the setup procedure we create a random landscape (by using the diffuse function) that stores values in the pcolor properties of the patches. After that, we create some climbers on random initial positions (they will have the pen down to draw the path they follow during the execution).
to setup
 ca
 ; Create a landscape with hills and valleys. The height will be stored in patches color
 ask n-of 100 patches [ set pcolor 120 ]
 repeat 20 [ diffuse pcolor 1 ]
 ; Create some climbers in the ground
 ask n-of Num-climbers patches [
 sprout-climbers 1 [
 set on-hill? false
 set color red
 set shape "circle"
 pen-down
 ]
 ]
 set num-states 0
 reset-ticks
end
In the go procedure we code one step of the iterative algorithm, later we will call it from a forever button. This procedure will stop if all the climbers have reached a local maximum... hopefully, some of them have found the global maximum and, consequently, we have a correct solution to the problem. Otherwise, we will obtain better states than the original ones, and some approximation to the optimal.
For this case NetLogo provides a factory turtle procedure, uphill, that moves the agent to the best patch neighbour regarding a desired property of patches. During this procedure we know that the climber has reached a local maximum if the best neighbour is the patch where the agent is.
to go
 ; Stop when all the climbers are on a hill
 ifelse all? climbers [on-hill?]
 [
 ; Highlight the maximum height and the optimum reached by the climbers
 ask climbers [set label precision pcolor 2]
 ask one-of climbers with-max [pcolor] [
set size 3
set color blue
] ask patches with-max [pcolor] [ set plabel precision pcolor 2 ] stop ] [ ; Move the climbers uphill ask climbers [ let current-patch patch-here ; Uphill function from NetLogo moves the climber to a higher patch uphill pcolor ifelse current-patch = patch-here [ set on-hill? true ] [ set num-states num-states + 1 ] ] ] tick end
Of course, the efficiency of the algorithm depends on the roughness of the function (that reflects the complexity of the state space) and the number of climbers. In the next plot we can see the ratio of success to find the optimal value while varying the number of climbers from \(0\) to \(100\). In this experiment, for every number of climbers we have