Why the Name: Port-Gentil?
Map of Gabon
I have always wondered why the second largest city of Gabon is named Port-Gentil… Is it full of kind agreeable souls? Is it a gentle town, very laid-back? Otherwise, why will it be named that way?
Emile Gentil in 1902
Well, to my surprise, Port-Gentil is named after the French colonial administrator Émile Gentil who served there in 1902. I have a lot of doubts that the man was a kind or gentle soul. From stories of these colonial administrators in Africa, many were more on the ruthless and disagreeable side, particularly towards Africans, whom they saw as savages. Indeed, after investigation into Emile Gentil, it turns out that he had been accused of massacres in Congo in 1905, but had been cleared by the Lanessan commission (what are indigenous' words against a European's?… particularly in those days); he was also part of the expedition that was trying to conquer Rabah, a powerful warrior leader in Chad. Gentil is best known for heading two military missions to conquer and consolidate territories north, from modern Gabon up to Chad. … Thus it is only a tiny shot to imagine the atrocities left in his wake… So why is the second largest city of Gabon still named after someone like that? Someone who murdered Gabonese, and other Africans? I know, it sounds sweet, "gentil", but knowing the source of the name and the atrocities committed against the indigenous populations, why keep the name? If "gentle" is so important, why not translate it into the local language, or roll back to the original name, which is Mandji. It absolutely makes no sense for a city on African soil to bear the name of someone who has been accused of massacres by contemporaries on that very land!
Port-Gentil, Gabon
For completeness, Port-Gentil is located on Lopez Island (in the mouth of the navigable Ogooué River) and on a bay sheltered by Cape Lopez, which juts into the Atlantic Ocean. As the nation's chief port and industrial centre, it is linked by air to Paris and major West African hubs as well as many Gabonese towns. Life in Port-Gentil is much more laid-back than Libreville. It is Gabon's economic engine, and massive oil and gas rigs loom just off the coast. The city stretches along the beach, is full of pleasant wide streets and a bustling port. One block back from the corniche, Ave Savorgnan de Brazza (named after another European who massacred Africans) has most of the banks, shops and restaurants. Port-Gentil sits on a peninsula; it is actually an island, cut off from the mainland by the delta of the Ogooué River.
Surprisingly, just like many places coveted by Europeans on the African continent, there are no roads connecting Port-Gentil to the rest of the country. How outrageous! How come in 2021, there are no roads connecting the second largest city of a country, the industrial hub, to the rest of it? This seems like a wanted political decision, especially when the country, Gabon, has been the milk cow of Elf, the defunct French oil company (now Total), and is still a big milk cow of France today.
So even though, as always, I would like you to visit the sandy beaches of Port-Gentil, and enjoy the warm hospitality of the Gabonese, I think it is about time that the city be renamed! Lastly, ROADS, connections to the rest of the country are a MUST!!!
Leave a Reply
WordPress.com Logo
Google photo
Twitter picture
Facebook photo
Connecting to %s


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Hi all.
I have the following setting: $A, B$ are $\mathbb{Z}$-modules (in my case, $B$ is free and finitely generated) and i have a $\mathbb{Z}$-bilinear map $\phi:A \times B \mapsto \mathbb{Z}$. Now i want to do an "extension" of scalars, meaning that i take an arbitrary commutative ring $R$ with unit ($\mathbb{F}_p$ for example), then there is a unique $R$-bilinear form $\Phi : (A \otimes R) \times (B \otimes R) \mapsto \mathbb{Z} \otimes R$ satisfying $\Phi((a \otimes r), (b \otimes r')) = \phi(a, b) r r'$.
The question now is: if $\phi$ is perfect (meaning that the maps $A \mapsto d_{\mathbb{Z}}(B), a \mapsto \phi(a, \cdot)$ and $B \mapsto d_{\mathbb{Z}}(A), b \mapsto \phi(\cdot, b)$ where $d_R(\cdot) = Hom_{R}(\cdot, R)$ are bijective), is this also true for $\Phi$ with $R$ in place of $\mathbb{Z}$?
I already know that non-degeneracy alone is not sufficient, if we take a lattice $L = \mathbb{Z} x$ and the bilinear form $\phi(x,x) = p$ and then tensor with $\mathbb{F}_p$, this gives $\Phi(x \otimes \overline{1}, x \otimes \overline{r}) = p = 0 \mod p$ so that $\Phi$ is degenerate.
The result was true if $A, B$ and $R$ were vector spaces over a field (see the reference in Optimal reference for tensor product of symmetric bilinear forms?) but does this generalize to the module setting?
Best and thanks,
Fabian Werner
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
up vote 2 down vote accepted
As long as your $B$ is free and finitely generated, $A$, being isomorphic to $d_{\mathbb Z}(B)$, is also free on the same number of generators. Fix free generators $a_i$ for $A$ and $b_i$ for $B$. Perfectness of $\phi$ will make the matrix with entries $\phi(a_i,b_j)$ have determinant 1. That determinant will remain 1 after you extend scalars, and so $\phi$ will remain perfect.
share|improve this answer
Aw, yes, this is certainly true... But what happens if none of them if finitely generated, does it still remain true? – Fabian Werner Jan 11 '12 at 18:34
_USER_ : There are counterexamples : take $A=\prod_{n \in \mathbf{N}} \mathbf{Z}$ and $B=\bigoplus_{n \in \mathbf{N}} \mathbf{Z}$. The pairing $A \times B \to \mathbf{Z}$ given by $(a_n),(b_n)\mapsto \sum_{n \in \mathbf{N}} a_n b_n$ is perfect (surprising, but true, see here : _URL_.pdf). After tensoring with $\mathbf{F}_p$ the pairing becomes $\prod_{n \in \mathbf{N}} \mathbf{F}_p \times \bigoplus_{n \in \mathbf{N}} \mathbf{F}_p \to \mathbf{F}_p$ which cannot be perfect because of dimension reasons. – François Brunault Jan 12 '12 at 10:51
Since Francois cited a paper on which I'm a co-author, I should point out that this paper is not the original source for the result but merely quotes it. The perfectness of that pairing is, as far as I know, due to Ernst Specker in 1950. (Reinhold Baer had related results earlier, but I don't think he had this one.) Also note that this perfect pairing becomes imperfect when tensored with any field, for the same reason Francois gave. – Andreas Blass Jan 12 '12 at 16:34
Thanks for the precisions. Also relevant is the previous MO post mathoverflow.net/questions/10239/… – François Brunault Jan 12 '12 at 17:08
Hmm, i wonder what happens when they are general $R$-modules ($R$ not necessarily a PID), then one does not have the notion of a determinant because the Gramian matrix is not necessarily a square matrix, right? – Fabian Werner Jan 24 '12 at 16:45
Your Answer


text:
The RPG-HC4 is a high performance gas regulator specifically developed for high capacity required by offshore firewater systems.
The RPG-HC4 controls a downstream gas pressure and is capable of supplying a large volume of gas in order to sustain a set pressure level in the recipient.
The regulator is used in active hydrophore systems for fire water offshore. The RPG-HC4 will maintain the given set pressure in the system while the hydrophore tank discharging water into the deluge system in the critical seconds before the firewater pumps is up running. This secures positive pressure in the entire pipenet and prevents pressure surges.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
noun: a line of slaves or animals fastened together
"The abolitionists understood the effect that depictions of an auction block, a slave coffleCarry Me Back
"There was the very real possibility that, if captured, families would be broken up, children separated from mothers, brothers from sisters, loved ones sold and marched south in slave coffles." — From an article by John Kelly in The Washington Post, April 16, 2013
Did you know?
"Coffle" comes from the Arabic "qāfila," which means "caravan" or "travelling company," though in English it has been used more specifically to refer to a group of slaves or animals chained or strung together. One of the earliest known uses of "coffle" in English is found in the explorer Mungo Park's 1799 Travels in the Interior of Africa. This was not the first time, however, that English had borrowed "qāfila." About two hundred years earlier "cafila" started appearing in print as an Anglicization of the Arabic "qāfila" to indicate a caravan or company of travelers in the Middle East and India.


text:
Administrators will use this section to manage any services and applications that are connected to the SmarterTrack installation, including live chat translations, external feeds, ticket transferring across SmarterTrack instances and more. To access this section, log into the management interface with an administrator account. Then click on the Settings icon. In the Configuration area of the navigation pane, click on Connected Services. The settings will load in the content pane and the following tabs will be available:
Use this tab to edit the following settings:
- Max External Feed Articles - The number of articles that will be displayed per external feed. For example, if an external feed is configured to show blog posts on the SmarterTrack portal, only this number of articles will be displayed at a time.
- Map Provider - Using Google Maps, SmarterTrack can display customer location information in Who's On or when an IP address is clicked in a live chat. To enable a map provider, select Google from the dropdown menu.
- API Key - A Google Maps API Key IS REQUIRED in order to use Google as the map provider in SmarterTrack. Getting an API key is free, and, in most cases, using a standard API key will be fine. However, in larger installations, it may be necessary to upgrade your API key to avoid hitting the limitations applied to a standard API license from Google. For more information on obtaining an API Key, see the Get API Key page. Information about Google Maps Usage Limits is also available from the Google Maps API documentation.
- Translation Provider - Select which translation service to use from the list: Google or Azure. By default, the auto-translation method is set to None.
- API Key - For Google Translator only. The API key provided by Google. For more information on obtaining this key, please see the KB Automatically Translate Live Chats.
- Subscription Key - For Azure Translator only. A security key that allows Microsoft Translate to interact with your SmarterTrack installation. For more information on obtaining this key, please see the KB Automatically Translate Live Chats.
- Requests to Translations API - The total number of translation requests sent to the Translation Provider selected. This allows you to know how many requests sent so any limits can be protected.
- Characters to Translations API - This is the total number of characters sent to the Translation Provider selected. This allows you to keep track of any character limitations imposed by the Translation Provider to avoid any unnecessary extra charges.
- WHMCS Username - Provide the username of an admin-level user within WHMCS who has API Access. (Used when integrating SmarterTrack with the WHMCS Addon Module.)
- WHMCS Password - Provide the password associated with the admin username. (Used when integrating SmarterTrack with the WHMCS Addon Module.)
- WHMCS API Key - This is a security feature used to authenticate the integration between SmarterTrack and WHMCS. Enter the exact API Access Key that is configured in the configuration.php file found within the WHMCS directory. For example, if the following line is present in the configuration.php file: $api_access_key = "abc123", enter abc123 in this field. (Used when integrating SmarterTrack with the WHMCS Addon Module.)
- WHMCS URL - Provide the complete URL of your WHMCS control panel. (Used when integrating SmarterTrack with the WHMCS Addon Module.)
The follow options are available from the content pane toolbar:
- Save - Saves the changes made to the options on the tab.
- Test Settings - Use this button to test your translation settings with the appropriate provider.
- Reset Statistics - This button will reset the character count that is tracked for character conversions using the appropriate translation service. This can be used to check against any reports received or viewed at the translation service website to ensure both systems are in sync.
External feeds allow users to have custom RSS feeds, and snippets of the information in articles or news items, displayed on their portal. External Feeds are different than Custom Links in that the feed snippet is displayed on the Portal home page as a section of the Portal. Custom Links create a new button on the Portal home page.
If any external feeds are available, they will be listed on this page. Otherwise, new feeds can be added by clicking Add in the content pane toolbar. External feeds can be associated with all brands or used and customized on a per-brand basis. Furthermore, if multiple feeds are to be displayed on a brand's portal, they will be displayed in order of how they are listed in the Connected Services settings. Use the Move column to adjust the order of the external feeds, if needed.
Administrators can use this section to connect to another SmarterTrack installation for ticket transferring. This can be useful for those organizations working out of separate locations or across sister-companies. When a SmarterTrack installation is connected, agents can choose whether to transfer tickets to the local or connected instance. Note: Both installations must be running the same version of SmarterTrack in order for this feature to work properly.
To add a SmarterTrack instance, click Add in the content pane toolbar. A modal window will display the following options:
- Connection Name - The friendly name of the SmarterTrack instance.
- SmarterTrack Base URL - The URL for the SmarterTrack portal.
- Admin Username - A system administrator's username for the SmarterTrack instance.
- Admin Password - A system administrator's associated password for the SmarterTrack instance.
(c) 2002-2022 SmarterTools Inc.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Tower Windows & Doors excels in window customization. Choose from an extensive range of screens, grilles and hardware to uniquely define your windows.
A casement window is a window that is attached to its frame by one or more of its hinges. A traditional casement window is hinged on its side, but there are various types of casement windows, including awnings (hinged at the top), hoppers (hinged at the bottom), bays and bows (often fixed).
- An operating casement window is opened with a crank operator, handle or lever.
- They are ideal for hard to open reaches, such as placement over a kitchen sink, where something like a double hung window might be difficult to access.
- A casement window's sash opens fully, which in turn provides maximum ventilation and ease of cleaning the interior and exterior panes.
- An operating casement's sash also forms an airtight seal upon closing, which makes it the second most energy efficient window following a fixed window.
- Different styles of casement windows include French, arch top, and push-out. Ask our architectural consultants for more detail on the array of options.


text:
Two Sides of Editorial Queries: Editors and Authors
Cynthia Saver and Julie Cullen
Nurse Author & Editor, 2021, 31(1), 2
Editorial queries refer to the questions asked of authors during the editing process. They're an essential tool to creating an effective final published piece. The editor is able to look at an author's manuscript with fresh eyes, catching mistakes that may have been missed. The editor also knows the publication's readers, so can anticipate what they might find unclear or want more information about.
By honing their skills, editors can create editorial queries that obtain the needed response while respecting authors' work and expertise. And writers can learn how to respond to queries so that the final product shines, enhancing their reputations.
Crafting an Effective Editorial Query: For Editors
Effective editorial queries save the author and editor time by avoiding the back-and-forth that frequently follows an unclear query.
Before writing a query, however, consider if you can quickly resolve the issue yourself. For example, perhaps a statistic from the Centers from Disease Control and Prevention seems too high or low, and the author has provided the link to the relevant website. You can easily check for yourself, and then simply highlight the change so the author sees it.
If a query is needed, consider applying this three-step process:
- Highlight the text in question.
- Concisely state the issue, and, if appropriate, make a suggestion to resolve it.
- Ask for a specific response.
Here's a closer look at each step. Keep in mind that you want to make it as easy as possible for an author to respond to a query
- Highlight the text in question.
In many cases, you're asking about a word or phrase, not the entire sentence. Highlighting the relevant section allows the author to easily see what's at issue. Color highlighting is preferable to italics, which are harder to read and can't be used if something is already italicized in the existing text.
- Concisely state the issue.
Editors commonly start queries with "AU" for author, but new authors may not understand this abbreviation. Therefore, it's a good idea to define it on first use. For example: "AU (author): Please provide page numbers." Starting each query with AU makes it easy for authors to search for queries, an important consideration for long documents.
Once you have the author's attention, you're ready for the next step. If you simply want the author to verify that your edit didn't affect meaning, you can simply state something like, "Edit OK?" and skip the details.
In many cases, however, you need to explain the problem, such as "I'm not sure our readers, who are general practitioners rather than specialists, will understand your meaning." Avoid unhelpful one-word comments, such as "unclear" or "revise," that leave authors puzzled and unsure about how to respond. The key is to be specific. If the editor omits "who are general practitioners rather than specialist," which explains why the text is being questioned, the author might be tempted to reply with, "Yes, they will understand."
Be tactful when questioning authors about information they likely perceive themselves to be expert in. "Given that breast cancer also occurs in men, would you want to include any diagnostic considerations related to that patient population?" is an example of a gentle way to raise an issue.
Most authors will welcome your addition of a suggestion to resolve the query. For example, in an article about postdural puncture headache (PDPH), after "I'm not sure our readers, who are general practitioners rather than specialists, will understand epidural blood patch," you might suggest: "Perhaps add description: 'For debilitating PDPH that doesn't respond to conservative treatment, the anesthesia provider may place an epidural blood patch (injection of a small amount of autologous blood into a patient's epidural or spinal space to stop a leak of cerebrospinal fluid).'" Try to provide only one option, two at the most. Too many options can be confusing.
If appropriate, you also may consider adding a positive note. For example, "This table provides a great summary of the pharmacologic options. Could you strengthen it by adding the administration route for each drug?" Brenner1 notes that praise should be sincere, but not overdone.
Perhaps the most important consideration when writing a query is to keep it as short as possible. Follow good writing principles: Use active voice and review each query to ensure it will be clear to the author. You edit the author, so be sure to edit yourself.
- Ask for a specific response.
Whenever possible, use questions that authors can answer "yes" to if they agree. For example: "OK to change percentage to match what you use in the first paragraph under results?"
If the decision is up to the author, say so. For example, "You may want to define …," or "Consider defining …." On the other hand, if something needs to change, say so, "Please define …"
Returning Queries: For Editors
When the editor returns the edited manuscript, the email should set a positive tone, help the author understand what they're receiving, and instruct them in how to respond. Here's an example:
Attached is your edited manuscript for review. Please check carefully to ensure your intended meaning hasn't been altered. You'll find queries that require your response. The text in question is highlighted in blue followed by blue queries addressed to AU (author). Please insert your responses directly in the text in a red font so they can be easily seen.
Please return the manuscript with your responses by October 15.
Thank you again for your submission. We know our readers will find the information on managing pain in older adults helpful to their practice. If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to ask.
Types of Editorial Queries: For Editors and Authors
Here are 6 types of queries, followed by examples from American Nurse Journal articles.2
These queries may relate to incomplete, incorrect, or missing information. Here are two examples:
- The Joint Commission. Root causes of maternal deaths & injuries. Available from: _URL_ //AU: Highlighted URL goes to "page not found." We're not able to find an alternative URL; can you provide another?//
- National Kidney Foundation. Immunosuppressant. 2017. org/atoz/content/immunosuppression //AU: This URL goes to a page titled "Care after kidney transplant." The copyright date on it is 2015. Is this the page intended?//
Authors may be familiar with terminology or phrasing that the journal's readers are not. For example:
With nearly half of healthcare staff reportedly experiencing violence in the workplace, organized mechanisms to address behavioral health emergencies in a trauma-informed manner //AU: I'm not sure readers will know what "trauma-informed manner" means. Please briefly define.// have never been more relevant.
Or, the context of a term may be unclear. For example:
Sharing HTN care responsibilities can be implemented as part of a multifaceted approach, with system support //AU: Please clarify what system support means in this context?// for clinical decision-making, collaborating, and monitoring.
Verification of editing changes
The editor may want to verify that the changes made don't affect the meaning of the text. For example:
Many patients fear side effects from ICSs and will not take them daily. Focus education on how ICSs reduce swelling in the lungs, leading to better symptom control and better quality of life. Many people mistake corticosteroid side effects for those of anabolic steroids. These medications differ, and side effects are not the same.
Many patients don't take ICSs as prescribed because they mistakenly believe these medications have the same side effects as anabolic steroids (hair loss, liver and kidney disease, increased aggression). To encourage adherence, explain the difference between the medications, focusing on how ICSs reduce swelling in the lungs, which leads to better symptom control and better quality of life. //AU: Edit OK?//
Editors may suggest additional text to clarify points. For example:
Multiple chronic conditions may compete for the patients' attention, and depression, social isolation, and financial challenges are common in older adults, making them less likely to engage in self-care. //AU: Addition OK?//
Or, an editor may request that the author provide additional text. Here are three examples:
- Focus your teaching on taking the medication as prescribed and preventing side effects. //AU: Please provide some specifics. What are some of the side effects? How are they prevented?//
- Help patients recognize situations that place them at risk for diverging from their dietary or physical activity goals (for example, having guests over for dinner, celebrating holidays, travelling) and how to use behavioral strategies //AU: Please share a few examples// to handle these circumstances.
- Current evidence-based guidelines //AU: Which guidelines are referred to here?// recommend including cardiac rehabilitation (rehab), but many patients with end-stage HF can't tolerate these activities.
The editor may ask the author to clarify text. Here are two examples:
- The first recognizable symptomatic stage of dementia is called mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which is characterized by subjective complaints of cognitive changes and objective deficits that are detectable during cognitive testing; everyday functioning remains mostly normal. MCI was operationalized //AU: What is meant by operationalized?// in sentinel articles by Petersen and is now widely regarded as a risk state for


text:
Ask any astronomer where the best stargazing site in Southern California is, and chances are they'll say Mt. Pinos. In this perspective view generated from SRTM elevation data the snow-capped peak is seen rising to an elevation of 2,692 meters (8,831 feet), in stark contrast to the flat agricultural fields of the San Joaquin valley seen in the foreground. Below the summit, but still well away from city lights, the Mt. Pinos parking lot at 2,468 meters (8,100 feet) is a popular viewing area for both amateur and professional astronomers and astro-photographers. For visualization purposes, topographic heights displayed in this image are exaggerated two times.
The elevation data used in this image was acquired by SRTM aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour, launched on February 11, 2000. SRTM used the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on Endeavour in 1994. SRTM was designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of Earth's land surface. To collect the 3-D SRTM data, engineers added a mast 60 meters (about 200 feet) long, installed additional C-band and X-band antennas, and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between the NASA, the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) of the U.S. Department of Defense, and the German and Italian space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise,Washington, D.C. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.
Distance to Horizon: 176 kilometers (109 miles)
Location: 34.83 deg. North lat., 119.25 deg. West lon.
View: Toward the Southwest
Date Acquired: February 16, 2000 SRTM, December 14, 1984 Landsat


text:
We connect people who care with causes that matter.
We Do This by:
- Helping donors transform their charitable dreams into permanent legacies.
- Investing in our community through strategic grantmaking.
- Engaging with our community to create a better future.
- Excellence – providing the best service to all.
- Community – putting self aside for the betterment of the whole.
- Integrity – always doing the right thing.
- Integrity is our greatest asset and value trust earned with fiscal responsibility, ethical stewardship, and transparency.
- We believe access to the CFLC should be fair, inclusive, and equitable.
- We believe in purposeful and collaborative community leadership.
- We believe the perpetuity of our efforts are linked to sustainable practices.
- We believe strategy, creativity, and adaptability are keys to thriving in a constantly changing world.
As an institution permanently anchored in Lorain County, the Community Foundation strives to be an open and inclusive vehicle focused on issues important to our donors and community. We craft endowed funds and invest subsequent grants spanning a full spectrum of issues, driven largely by the collective, varied, and charitable interests of our donors. However, we recognize that the Foundation is uniquely positioned, and has a responsibility, to provide leadership on issues of importance to our community. Because we cannot anticipate what these issues might be or how we might respond, we created a Leadership Treatise to guide or actions and to serve as a community promise for our behavior. (click to view)


text:
My daughter is doing a Biography of a famous person for her 3rd grade class. She chose Jean Nicolet because he is her 11th great grandgather. The information I see on the internet is conflicting, different dates illegitimate or not etc. Does anyone have any corrections to the timeline we put together?
1598 born to Thomas Nicolet and Marguerite Delamer
1618 to Quebec was assigned that winter to live with the Algonquins on Allumette Island in the Ottowa river
1620 Returned to Quebec and made his report on the Algonquins then was sent to contact the Nippisings
1620 1st european to cross lake Michigan, fox river to an Indian village west of lake Winnebago, made a treaty, of peace with the tribes
1628 Illegitimate? Daughter born mother: Jeanne Nipissing (une sauvagesse de Nipissing, meaning "a Nipissing Indian woman") Madeline or more specifically Euphrosine Madeleine Nicolet
1629 July 19, Quebec fell to England, he fled with his daughter to the safety of the Huron country. He worked from there against English interests until the French were restored to power.
1633 July Returned toTrois-Riveres in Quebec
1634 Sent West Wi area 1st european to cross lake Michigan ascended Green bay and Fox river to an Indian village west of lake Winnebago, and made a treaty, of peace with the tribes.
1635 Autumn Returned to his clerking position in Quebec
1637 October Married Marguerite (daughter of Guillaume Couillard and Guillemette Herbert) with whom he had a daughter and a son
1637 may 23 he and Oliver Letardif jointly received a grant of 160 acres in the outskirts of Trois-Rivieres
1640 Child Ignace son
1642 Oct 27 he was drowned while hastening to Three Rivers to prevent the death of a captive, belonging to a tribe in alliance with the Iroquois, whom the Algonquins were torturing.
1642 Child Marguerite daughter
1642 October, 1642, he was named commis général of the Company of One Hundred Associates during the absence of Le Tardif.
1643 Quote from Father Vimont
1910 Nicolet's landing at Red Banks is commemorated by a 1910 mural at the Neville Public Museum in Green Bay, Wisconsin.
1950 a statue of him was erected and is now located at Wequiock Falls County Park along Wisconsin Highway 57, about 10 miles northeast of Green Bay and a mile from where it is believed he landed.
1955 Nicolet High School in suburban Milwaukee is named after him. Also he (nicollet) had help by a few friends from France.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


.
The balancing act is just getting started. "There is a window of opportunity for the cutting speed," Caristan said. "If you cut too quickly, you produce dross. But if you cut too slowly, you also produce dross."
Dross from a fast cut is intuitive; the assist gas didn't have time to flush the molten material before the heat source (the beam) moved forward, so the molten material "froze" at the bottom of the cut as dross.
But what about dross from cutting too slowly? Caristan said he doesn't have hard science to back this up, "but I believe it has to do with the heat input on the metal and the ability of the assist gas to remove all the molten metal at once."
Travel speed also affects the kerf width. A slower travel speed creates a wider kerf, while a faster beam creates a narrow kerf. "As your kerf narrows, you have difficulty bringing the assist gas through, and you don't achieve as much flushing power," Caristan said. This in turn affects cut quality, including dross.
Edge striations also change with cutting speed, along with other variables. Cut aluminum (and other material) too slowly, and you see deep striations. "Those represent evidence of a stream of gas pushing and flushing liquid metal," Caristan said.
Supersonic Effects, Standoff, and Nozzle Centering
All this interplays with yet another variable that isn't considered very often: the speed of the gas flowing out of the nozzle. It's supersonic and, like anything that travels faster than sound, generates small shock waves. "This shock wave can deflect the flow of assist gas from where you intended it to flow," Caristan said, "and it can disrupt the amount of gas you have flowing through the kerf."
If shock waves deflect above the kerf, they form a partial barrier that hinders the column of assist gas, which in turn alters the gas dynamics in the cut and could affect the ability of the gas to evacuate the molten metal effectively—hence, you get poor cut quality. The likelihood of this becomes greater as the kerf width narrows.
Because gas flow is supersonic, laser cutting operators can't eliminate the shock waves, but they can make them less detrimental to the cut by setting the nozzle standoff distance properly. "The rule of thumb is that the standoff distance should be equal to or less than the nozzle orifice diameter," Caristan said. Go higher, and you exacerbate the shock wave deflections that could yield less gas to actually make it into the kerf.
Also, make sure the focused beam is centered in the nozzle aperture. "You need to make sure that the nozzle aperture's center is always perfectly aligned with the centerline of the kerf," he said. "A misalignment shows in different cutting performance each time you change cutting direction."
Beam and Nozzle Advances
The focused beam propagation and energy distribution are complex subjects, but when thinking about focus, imagine the laser beam as two cones, one on top of the other. Where the cones' tips meet is the focus spot. The shorter the focal length of the focusing optic, the fatter the cones, the smaller the focus spot size, and the greater the power density at the focus point.
The focus point size changes with the wavelength, so when the beam itself is made of a shorter wavelength, the power density at the focus point increases quadratically. That high focusability, and how well various metal grades absorb energy from fiber laser beams, is part of what makes the fiber laser so effective.
"It's one reason you have the rule of thumb—that for certain materials and material thicknesses, each kilowatt of a fiber laser has cutting performance equivalent to double that of the CO₂ laser of the same power," Caristan said.
In laser cutting, more power density creates more heat energy, and how much energy depends on how well a metal, including aluminum, absorbs the energy from the laser beam. But this is just part of the equation.
Molten metal needs to be evacuated. A short focal length of the focusing optic means that the power density drops dramatically as you move away from the focus point position. This narrows the kerf, and it also means the focus spot has to be in just the right place, especially as the metal gets thicker. The narrow kerf can make it difficult for the assist gas to cleanly evacuate the molten metal.
"A focusing optic with a short focal length makes the beam diverge quickly past the focus point," Caristan said, "so by the time you get to the bottom of the kerf, you have very little power density, relatively speaking." This is one reason that setting a deeper focus point position (within and not on top of the material) on thicker aluminum has been a common practice.
One of the advances the industry has seen in recent years is to decrease the effect of this drop in power density. You can't change the physics of laser beams; they all converge into and diverge out of a focus point. Even so, other beam characteristics can be changed to produce a better cut edge.
As Caristan explained, some offer an oscillating focus that adjusts its behavior with the thickness of material. Others change the beam's energy distribution or mode based on material grade and thickness. For instance, a beam in a gaussian mode, with concentrated energy in the very center that dissipates over the beam profile, has lower energy density away from the center, which makes for a narrow kerf. A doughnut distribution concentrates energy around the beam perimeter, maintaining the highest energy closer to the walls of the cut.
1570589516424542.jpg
But again, energy from the beam is only half the equation; the effectiveness of the assist gas flow is the other half. Here nozzle technology has played an important role. Some nozzles now actually have components that touch the workpiece surface. These reduce the wasted assist gas that never makes it into the kerf, which is a particular issue with the narrower kerf produced by the fiber laser.
"In a typical nozzle, the gas flow expands as soon as it exits the orifice," Caristan said, "and a big portion of it never sees the kerf. With these touch nozzles that kiss the workpiece surface, you have less gas wasted on the workpiece surface and more gas going directly into the kerf."
The Ideal Cut
A shop using a laser to oxygen-cut thick mild steel takes advantage of the chemical reaction between oxygen and iron. For cutting thicker aluminum and other nonferrous material with nitrogen, it's all about melting and evacuating the material cleanly.
Caristan described an "ideal" laser setup, with assist gas flowing in a perfect laminar fashion into the cut, with a beam that removes and flushes material cleanly—no "freezing" prematurely at the bottom (dross) or on the edge (striations). The supersonic shock waves are there, but they move in a fashion that they don't deflect away or obstruct the flow of gas into the kerf.
These days high-powered lasers cut extraordinarily quickly, but all that speed doesn't have an impact if the resulting parts need to be reworked or scrapped. The industry has come a long way in understanding exactly how the laser cuts metal, and work continues. The better that understanding gets, the better cutting parameters can become, and the better chance an operator has of achieving a clean-cut part on the first try.
From thefabricator
By Tim Heston


text:
> Home Page > NWS Organization > OCIO > TOC > The Gateway >|
The Central Switching System
The Source for Hydro Meteorological Data & Products
What is the Central Switching System
The central communications switching system (called the Gateway) is a major component of
the Telecommunications Operations Center's, National Weather Service Telecommunication
Gateway (NWSTG). The organizational management is through the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) National Weather
Service (NWS), Office of the Chief Information
The Gateway is the primary data communications
switching system of the NWS. It is a global destributor of weather messages in support
of the NWS commitment to the WMO World-Wide data
exchange structure, therefore, the Gateway maintains a recognition system for all weather
data and products for purposes of exchange to global customers. This Center is a
Region Telecommunication Hub (RTH) of the WMO
Global Telecommunication System (GTS) communications network. The Gateway is the World
Area Forecast Center (WAFC) distribution system for the
World Area Forecast System (WAFS). The WAFS distribution is through a satellite
broadcast to geographical areas located over two-thirds of the globe.
The Gateway provides national and global near real-time data exchange services using
automated communication resources, transmitting a wide variety of environmental data types.
The Gateway is operated twenty four hours a day to acquire, process observations, construct
messages, and disseminate messages and files of observations, model analysis, and forecast
products. The time-perishable products are disseminated cyclically according to fixed
schedules. The Gateway is committed to maintaining a timely and reliable transmission of
products at the highest level.
The Gateway is the data source for the
Family of Services (FOS) data distribution and the data broadcast to the
Information Network (EMWIN).


_URL_
Brian Cryer's Web Resources
BOM
BOM
1. Bill of Materials.
2. Byte Order Mark. A prefix to a unicode file that indicates the byte ordering of the file.
Contributed by Kenneth Nellis.
For more information see:
3. Beginning of Message.
4. Beginning of Medium. The first location on the medium which can be written to or read from. In this case BOM usually refers to the sequence of characters written at the beginning of the medium to signify its start.
A tape might have a BOM, particularly if the tape has a leader before which data cannot be written..


Quebec Natatorium Uses Geothermal, Reduced Refrigerant HVAC, Heat Recovery
May 9, 2013 By Linda Hardesty
Tpoolhe new $18 million, 45,000-sq-foot Aquatic and Community Centre in Côte Saint-Luc, Quebec, employs a 500-ft-deep geothermal field, exhaust air heat recovery for preheating outside air, dehumidifier compressor heat recovery for free pool water heating, and a reduced refrigerant HVAC dehumidifier strategy.
The city will achieve a four-year payback, save millions of dollars in energy costs over the lifespan of the facility and minimize the local environment's exposure to refrigerants.
The HVAC technology making the project's most environmental impact is the energy recovery dehumidifiers from the new Protocol NP-Series by Seresco, which use up to 80-percent less refrigerant than comparably-sized conventional mechanical natatorium dehumidifiers, while delivering an annualized operating cost reduction of five to seven-percent. Instead of an all-refrigerant design, the dehumidifiers use heat exchangers and glycol for heat rejection to the water-source loop.
Pool water heating is supplied by a coaxial-type heat exchanger using recovered waste heat from the two Seresco dehumidifiers' refrigeration circuits, which are required for dehumidifying the space to a 55-percent relative humidity.
If pool water heating is satisfied, the remaining heat is rejected to the geothermal water source loop or into supply air for reheat. On subzero days when pool water heating isn't 100-percent satisfied by heat recovery, the 96-percent efficient back-up condensing boilers by Camus Hydronics Unlimited are activated.
Throughout the summer months, heat rejected to the water source loop is stored in the six-well, 500-ft-deep geothermal field for use later in the heating season. The water source loop, which averages temperatures over 80°F in the summer and provides almost all the heating for domestic hot water and locker room showers, also uses two rooftop evaporative cooling towers by Baltimore Aircoil to reject any excess heat not required within the complex.
The geothermal loop's operational and redundant 20-hp pumps by Taco use Danfoss variable frequency drives (VFDs) to operate at only the needed flows. For example, when heat pumps or the dehumidifiers are not requiring cooling or heating, the VFD's ramp down the pumps' water flow for further energy savings.
All systems are monitored and controlled by a BACnet-based building automation system by Automated Logic.
Leave a reply


text:
Waipā has a rich and compelling heritage made up of many ecological, built, and cultural features.
Visit tearawai.nz to find out more about explore our significant historical sites, including Sanctuary Mountain Maungatautari, peat lakes, historic buildings like the Cambridge Town Hall as well as pā and battle sites.
Starting in Cambridge, the eastern side of our district includes Lake Te Koo Utu, Roto-o-rangi, Sanatorium Hill and Lake Karāpiro.
Starting in Te Awamutu, the western side of our district includes key land war sites including Rangiaowhia, Ōrākau and Alexandra Armed Constabulary Redoubt.
Explore our engaging history with Te Ara Wai Journeys to see Māori and European settlement sites, battle sites, trading posts and other places that have helped shape our district.
Kihikihi heritage trail
Located just south of Te Awamutu, Kihikihi village has its origins in a village of the Ngāti Maniapoto and subsequent European military settlement. You can explore this by following the Kihikihi Heritage Trail brochure .
To help achieve our goal of being environmental and cultural champions, we have dedicated funding for maintaining and enhancing the district's heritage. Learn more about our heritage fund.


The definitive marijuana guide from Cannabis UK
CB1 cannabinoid receptor expression in brain regions associated with zebra finch song control
by Soderstrom K, Johnson F
Cannabinoids have been used for millennia through various preparations of Cannabis sativa. Despite this long history of use, the physiological significance of cannabinoid signaling in the vertebrate CNS is not well understood. High CB1 cannabinoid receptor densities in mammalian telencephalon and the results of behavioral studies suggest that cannabinoids play a role in cognitive function, learning, and memory. Since a network of discrete brain regions in zebra finch telencephalon controls song learning, we hypothesized that cannabinoid signaling may be relevant to songbird vocal development and behavior. Radioligand binding experiments using the cannabinoid agonist [3H]CP-55940 allowed identification of a dense population of high-affinity cannabinoid binding sites in zebra finch neuronal membranes. Northern blotting and RT-PCR experiments demonstrated expression of a predominant zebra finch CB1 mRNA of approximately 5.5 kb. Expression of this CB1 mRNA appears to change over the course of vocal development within the caudal telencephalon. As zebra finch caudal telencephalon contains the higher vocal center (HVC) and the robust nucleus of the archistriatum (RA), regions involved in song learning and production, we further investigated CB1 expression in these areas using in situ hybridization. In situ hybridization revealed that CB1 mRNA is expressed at high levels within both HVC and RA. Overall, these data demonstrate the presence of CB1 signaling systems within songbird telencephalon, notably within regions known to be involved in song learning and production. High-level CB1 expression in song regions suggests a potential role for cannabinoid signaling in zebra finch vocal development.
Cannabis Seeds
Cannabis Seeds
Marijuana Buds
Cannabis Buds
Marijuana Incence
Cannabis Hydroponics
Marijuana Cannabis Scales
Marijuana Pipes


skip to main content
I want to...
Current filter:
Rubbish & Recycling Rubbish & Recycling
Rural property numbering
Rural properties are identified using a standard numbering system called RAPID - Rural Address Property Identification. The major benefit of RAPID numbering is that it saves time locating properties and occupants - especially for emergency services (ambulance, fire service, police).
How RAPID works
Properties are given a unique number based on their distance along a road from its start point or intersection with another road.
The number given to a property is calculated by multiplying the number of kilometres that property is from the start point of the road by 100.
Numbers of the right side of the road are even, those on the left side are odd.
Ongoing maintenance
Ongoing maintenance and replacement of the numbers are your responsibility. You should also control roadside vegetation so that the number remains clearly visible to passing vehicles.
If you have any questions about maintenance or position of RAPID numbers please contact us via email.
If you are subdividing, a new RAPID number will only be required for any new entrance ways created and will only be issued upon request. The existing entrance way will retain the current RAPID number and new numbers will be allocated to any new lots utilising the existing entrance way. This is because the RAPID number is based on a measured distance along a road.
Apply for or replace a RAPID number
Numbers are allocated on request where a formed entrance exists, and are usually triggered by a building consent application. Alternatively you may apply for or request a replacement RAPID number by completing the online application form.
Place your RAPID plate close to your driveway, on a letterbox, gatepost or fence facing the road.
It's not possible to change the number on request, as it reflects the distance along the road. We cannot change the number without compromising the integrity of the numbering system.
Properties on a state highway
State highway roads in the Hastings District may also have a local name for a portion of the road e.g. Korokipo Rd, Links Rd etc. The numbering works the same way and retains continuity along the entire section of the state highway within the district.
Can my stockyard or packing shed have a RAPID number?
Yes. Council is able to provide a RAPID number to any property as long as it has a formed entrance.
Hastings District Council - Copyright © 2021 Hastings District Council
Disclaimers and Copyright
© Hastings District Council - / +64 6 _PHONE_ /


text:
John Sirard, Assistant Professor with Youth-Nex and Kinesiology, published a new study in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine showing that teens influence each other when it comes to their physical activity levels. The results also showed different behaviors for girls and boys.
"Overall, boys engage in more moderate to vigorous physical activity and screen time than girls. Both the physical activity and screen time of boys was found to be more influenced by the behaviors of their female friends than their male friends. For girls, physical activity was associated with that of both their male and female friends'. However, females' screen time was associated with their male friends' screen time but not with their female friends' screen time." — medicalexpress.com
Read more at medicalexpress.com


Laparoscopic and open partial nephrectomy: Cost comparison with analysis of individual parameters
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
11 Scopus citations
Abstract
Introduction: Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) is less morbid than open partial nephrectomy (OPN), but the high cost of new technologies used in LPN may make this a significantly more expensive procedure. In this study, the overall costs of OPN and LPN were compared using data extracted from the literature, and a series of sensitivity analyses were performed to determine the impact of individual cost components on overall cost. Materials and Methods: Data on operating room (OR) time, equipment use, and length of stay (LOS) were abstracted after a comprehensive literature review of LPN and OPN. Decision tree models were devised to estimate the cost of each treatment using the DATA program (TreeAge software 3.5). LPN model assumptions included one that used all reusable equipment, all disposable equipment, and a hand-assist model. One and two-way sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of individual treatment variables on overall cost. Results: The literature yielded 12 OPN and 13 LPN articles, comprising a total of 574 and 949 patients, respectively. The weighted mean LOS were 5.7 and 2.9 days (<0.001); average tumor sizes were 3.2 cm and 2.5 cm (P = 0.016); and the weighted mean OR times were 184 and 187 minutes for OPN and LPN (P = 0.7), respectively. The LPN model using all disposable equipment is less costly than OPN by $431 ($8450 v $8019). The slight cost superiority of the laparoscopic approach was driven by shorter LOS. One-way sensitivity analyses showed that LPN is less costly if the OR time of LPN is less than 146 minutes; LOS after LPN is less than 4.6 days; or LPN OR supply costs are less than $1670. Two-way sensitivity analyses demonstrated the effects of modifying OR time, LOS, and surgical equipment on the cost-equivalence of LPN and OPN. Conclusions: Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy can be cost equivalent to the open approach in managing small renal masses if the OR time, LOS, and equipment costs are closely monitored. The high cost of new technologies can be offset by shorter LOS and decrease in OR time.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1449-1454
Number of pages6
JournalJournal of Endourology
Volume21
Issue number12
DOIs
StatePublished - Dec 1 2007
ASJC Scopus subject areas
 - Urology
Fingerprint
Dive into the research topics of 'Laparoscopic and open partial nephrectomy: Cost comparison with analysis of individual parameters'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this


text:
The declaration was issued on the advice of the Council of Ministers (COM).
The Declaration of State of Emergency Order No. 70 of 2020, states:
"In Exercise of the powers conferred on me by subsection 32(1) of the Disaster Risk Management Act Mo. 23 of 2019, I, His Excellency Tallis Obed Moses, President of the Republic of Vanuatu, on the advice of the Council of Ministers, make the following Declaration of State of Emergency.
"1. Extension of the Declaration of State of Emergency
Due to the severe impacts of Tropical Cyclone Harold and continuous global outbreak of COVID-19, an extension of the Declaration of State of Emergency is declared throughout the whole of Vanuatu.
"2. Period of State of Emergency
This extension of the Declaration of State of Emergency is for a period of 30 days from the date on which is made.
This Declaration of State of Emergency commences on the day on which it is made.
Vanuatu is taking every steps to ensure it minimizes every risks because it is one of the only countries in the world now that is still free from the deadly virus, the COVID-19.


,[% "layername" %],
ogr)
To add a raster (a TIF image in this example), it becomes:
qgis.utils.iface.addRasterLayer(/yourpath/[% "filename" %].tif,[% "layername" %]
)
12.2.8 Joins Menu
The Joins menu allows you to join a loaded attribute table to a loaded vector layer. After clicking , the
Add vector join dialog appears. As key columns, you have to define a join layer you want to connect with the
target vector layer. Then, you have to specify the join field that is common to both the join layer and the target
layer. As a result of the join, all information from the join layer and the target layer are displayed in the attribute
table of the target layer as joined information.
QGIS currently has support for joining non-spatial table formats supported by OGR (e.g., CSV, DBF and Excel),
delimited text and the PostgreSQL provider (see figure_joins_1).
Additionally, the add vector join dialog allows you to:
Cache join layer in virtual memory
Create attribute index on the join field
12.2.9 Diagrams Menu
The Diagrams menu allows you to add a graphic overlay to a vector layer (see figure_diagrams_1).
12.2. Janela de Propriedades de Vetor 103
QGIS User Guide, Verso 2.2
Figura 12.29: Join an attribute table to an existing vector layer
The current core implementation of diagrams provides support for pie charts, text diagrams and histograms.
The menu is divided into four tabs: Appearance, Size, Postion and Options.
In the cases of the text diagram and pie chart, text values of different data columns are displayed one below the
other with a circle or a box and dividers. In the Size tab, diagram size is based on a fixed size or on linear scaling
according to a classification attribute. The placement of the diagrams, which is done in the Position tab, interacts
with the new labeling, so position conflicts between diagrams and labels are detected and solved. In addition,
chart positions can be fixed manually.
We will demonstrate an example and overlay on the Alaska boundary layer a text diagram showing temperature
data from a climate vector layer. Both vector layers are part of the QGIS sample dataset (see section Amostra de
Dados).
Load Vector
1. First, click on the icon, browse to the QGIS sample dataset folder, and load the two vector
shape layers alaska.shp and climate.shp.
2. D um clique duplo na camada clima na legenda do mapa para abrir a aba de dilogo Propriedades da
camada .
3. Click on the Diagrams menu, activate Display diagrams, and from the Diagram type combo box,
select Text diagram.
4. In the Appearance tab, we choose a light blue as background color, and in the Size tab, we set a fixed size
to 18 mm.
5. In the Position tab, placement could be set to Around Point.
6. In the diagram, we want to display the values of the three columns T_F_JAN, T_F_JUL and T_F_MEAN.
First select T_F_JAN as Attributes and click the button, then T_F_JUL, and finally T_F_MEAN.
7. Now click [Apply] to display the diagram in the QGIS main window.
8. You can adapt the chart size in the Size tab. Deactivate the Fixed size and set the size of the diagrams on
the basis of an attribute with the [Find maximum value] button and the Size menu. If the diagrams appear
104 Captulo 12. Trabalhando com Dados Vetoriais
QGIS User Guide, Verso 2.2
Figura 12.30: Vector properties dialog with diagram menu
too small on the screen, you can activate the Increase size of small diagrams checkbox and define the
minimum size of the diagrams.
9. Change the attribute colors by double clicking on the color values in the Assigned attributes field. Fig-
ure_diagrams_2 gives an idea of the result.
10. Finally, click [Ok].
Remember that in the Position tab, a Data defined position of the diagrams is possible. Here, you can use
attributes to define the position of the diagram. You can also set a scale-dependent visibility in the Appearance
tab.
The size and the attributes can also be an expression. Use the button to add an expression.
12.2.10 Metadata Menu
The Metadata menu consists of Description, Attribution, MetadataURL and Properties sections.
In the Properties section, you get general information about the layer, including specifics about the type and
location, number of features, feature type, and editing capabilities. The Extents table provides you with layer
extent information and the Layer Spatial Reference System, which is information about the CRS of the layer. This
is a quick way to get information about the layer.
Additionally, you can add or edit a title and abstract for the layer in the Description section. Its also possible to
define a Keyword list here. These keyword lists can be used in a metadata catalogue. If you want to use a title from
an XML metadata file, you have to fill in a link in the DataUrl field. Use Attribution to get attribute data from an
XML metadata catalogue. In MetadataUrl, you can define the general path to the XML metadata catalogue. This
information will be saved in the QGIS project file for subsequent sessions and will be used for QGIS server.
Docs for QGIS testing. Visit _URL_ for QGIS 2.2 docs and translations.
12.2. Janela de Propriedades de Vetor 105
QGIS User Guide, Verso 2.2
Figura 12.31: Diagram from temperature data overlayed on a map
Figura 12.32: Metadata menu in vector layers properties dialog
106 Captulo 12. Trabalhando com Dados Vetoriais
QGIS User Guide, Verso 2.2
12.3 Editando
QGIS supports various capabilities for editing OGR, SpatiaLite, PostGIS, MSSQL Spatial and Oracle Spatial
vector layers and tables.
Nota: The procedure for editing GRASS layers is different - see section Digitalizando e editando uma camada
vetorial GRASS for details.
Dica: Edies Simultneas
This version of QGIS does not track if somebody else is editing a feature at the same time as you are. The last
person to save their edits wins.
12.3.1 Configurando a Tolerncia de Atraco e Raio de Pesquisa
Antes de podermos editar os vrtices, necessitamos de configurar a tolerncia e o raio de pesquisa para um valor
que nos permita uma edio ideal das geometrias da camada vectorial.
Tolerncia de Atraco
Snapping tolerance is the distance QGIS uses to search for the closest vertex and/or segment you are trying to
connect to when you set a new vertex or move an existing vertex. If you arent within the snapping tolerance,
QGIS will leave the vertex where you release the mouse button, instead of snapping it to an existing vertex and/or
segment. The snapping tolerance setting affects all tools that work with tolerance.
1. A general, project-wide snapping tolerance can be defined by choosing Settings Options. On Mac, go
to QIS Preferences.... On Linux: Edit Options. In the Digitizing tab, you can select between
to vertex, to segment or to vertex and segment as default snap mode. You can also define a default
snapping tolerance and a search radius for vertex edits. The tolerance can be set either in map units or in
pixels. The advantage of choosing pixels is that the snapping tolerance doesnt have to be changed after
zoom operations. In our small digitizing project (working with the Alaska dataset), we define the snapping
units in feet. Your results may vary, but something on the order of 300 ft at a scale of 1:10000 should be a
reasonable setting.
2. A layer-based snapping tolerance can be defined by choosing Settings (or File ) Snapping options... to
enable and adjust snapping mode and tolerance on a layer basis (see figure_edit_1 ).
Note that this layer-based snapping overrides the global snapping option set in the Digitizing tab. So, if you need
to edit one layer and snap its vertices to another layer, then enable snapping only on the snap to layer, then
decrease the global snapping tolerance to a smaller value. Furthermore, snapping will never occur to a layer that
is not checked in the snapping options dialog, regardless of the global snapping tolerance. So be sure to mark the
checkbox for those layers that you need to snap to.
Raio de pesquisa
Search radius is the distance QGIS uses to search for the closest vertex you are trying to move when you click
on the map. If you arent within the search radius, QGIS wont find and select any vertex for editing, and it will
pop up an annoying warning to that effect. Snap tolerance and search radius are set in map units or pixels, so you
may find you need to experiment to get them set right. If you specify too big of a tolerance, QGIS may snap to the
wrong vertex, especially if you are dealing with a large number of vertices in close proximity. Set search radius
too small,


text:
To determine tension and compression in the members of a jib crane
- Jib crane
- Measuring scale
- Weight hangers
Cranes are used to lift heavy weights. Cranes form an important part of the civil engineering projects. Different kinds of cranes are utilized depending upon weight to be lifted and available area for movement. One such type is the jib crane.
A jib crane is a type of crane that utilizes a mounted arm in lifting, moving and lowering materials. The fundamental idea of a crane stems from the mechanical advantage concept (The ratio of the loads' weight to the applied force is equal to the ratio of the lengths of the longer arm and the shorter arm). Mechanical advantage refers to the principle that a machine, like a pulley is capable of multiplying the force exerted on it by a given factor. Jib crane could be free standing, wall mounted or wall bracket.
The jib crane in our lab consists of a vertical post fixed with the wall, a tie arm and a jib arm. Spring balances are attached with the tie member and jib arm. The equipment is considered to be frictionless. A load W is suspended from the toe of the jib. When load W is suspended, the tie member gets elongated and hence it is in tension, while jib arm gets compressed and hence it is in tension. Point A is in equilibrium. Now utilizing the geometrical properties, we can calculate the forces in tie and jib member.
- Measure the length of the post, tie member and jib
- Length of the jib is variable, so measure it in two portions (fixed and variable)
- Let us assume that forces in tie arm and jib are " T" and " C" respectively and note them down from the spring balances
- Hang a weight W at the toe of jib, and is assumed to be correct whereas T and C may not be correct.
- Let us assume that "T'" and " C'" are the correct values of forces in tie and jib arm respectively
- Make a triangle abc as shown below in the diagram and calculate correct values of forces in the tie arm and jib
- Since the triangle abc and ABC are similar (all angles same)
- T'/AC = C'/AB = W/BC
- It can be assumed that lengths are measured correctly
- Compare the value of T' and C' with T and C and apply correction
- % Error = (T-T'/T')100
- Take five sets of reading by changing weight W and tabulate the results
Tabulation of Data:
|Sr no||Weight W||Tie Arm Length||Jib Arm Length||Tension||Compression|


New research shows it only takes one question to identify narcissism
All it takes to identify a narcissist is a simple question.
According to Ohio State researchers, there is a new way to test and identify narcissism. Surprisingly, this test consists of a single question. For this reason, this method of testing is called the Single Item Narcissism Scale (SINS).
The researchers conducted a series of 11 experiments on over 2,200 people of all ages. They found that they could accurately identify whether a person was a narcissist based on their response to the following question and the note which accompanies it:
Participants had to respond to the question by rating themselves on a scale from 1 to 7, where 1 and 7 represent 'not very true of me' and 'very true of me' respectively.
The study concluded that results from the SINS aligned closely with other measures for narcissism.
The advantage of this method of testing is the time it takes to be completed; that is, it takes only 20 seconds to answer the SINS whereas it can take over 10 minutes to complete the widely used Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI). In other words, a narcissist can be identified much quicker through the SINS' 1 question instead of the NPI's 40!
Brad Bushman, co-author of the study and a professor of communication and psychology at Ohio State University, commented on the results of the study as he said:
People who are willing to admit they are more narcissistic than others probably actually are more narcissistic […] People who are narcissists are almost proud of the fact. You can ask them directly because they don't see narcissism as a negative quality — they believe they are superior to other people and are fine with saying that publicly."
Despite the success of the SINS, Bushman noted that it should not replace the existing methods used to measure narcissism. The reason for this is that the one question tool does not provide enough information. While the test does work to identify narcissism, it does not help identify the type of narcissism. Other methods of testing – such as the NIP – give researchers more data, allowing them to identify these types.


text:
Some products irreversibly degrade in alkaline conditions (pH >7) and lose activity.
Acidification agent adjust the pH from alkaline to acid which stops alkaline hydrolisis :
- Product stability is maintained (especially if spraying is delayed)
- Spraying efficiency is improved.
The agrochemical keeps its complete efficiency!
Compatibility agents improve the quality of a tank mix.
It facilitates the miscibility of all the components in the tank.
Reducing Drift improves spraying quality.
The finest droplets (< 100 µm) can be dispersed into the atmosphere with negative consequences to product efficacy and neighbouring crops. The biggest droplets run off and fall onto the ground.
An anti-drift adjuvant :
- Reduces the amount of driftable droplets.
This reduces the off-target emissions into the environment.
Humectants help to maintain the spray droplet in a moist form on the target surface.
This process :
- minimises active ingredients crystallization
- and thereby maximises uptake and penetration.


text:
Is it possible to prepare for a food crisis? How should the severity of the health risk be estimated? When and how should communication be established in a food crisis? These are only a few of the questions which will be discussed at the 2nd workshop on 'Current Challenges of Risk Assessment in Food Safety' in the Cape Verdean capital Cidade de la Praia from April 10-12, 2018.
The workshop is being organised jointly by the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), the Portuguese authority for food safety and economy (Autoridade de Seguranca Alimentar e Economica, ASAE) and the Cape Verdean authority for the regulation and monitoring of pharmaceutical products and foods (Agencia de Regulacao e Supervisao dos Produtos Farmaceuticos e Alimentares de Cabo Verde, ARFA). Representatives of scientific institutions and authorities from Europe and the Portuguese-speaking countries of Africa and South America will be taking part in the workshop. "In the event that an outbreak of foodborne disease develops into a crisis, appropriate political decisions have to be made under extreme time pressure," explains BfR President, Professor Dr. Dr. Andreas Hensel, "and this requires the advance development of crisis plans and the build-up of the corresponding structures for risk assessment and risk communication, which then take effect immediately when a crisis occurs and which can be modified accordingly".
During the workshop itself, using the example of concrete scenarios, participants from Cabo Verde, Angola, Brazil, Guinea-Bissau, Sao Tome and Mozambique are to prepare strategies for dealing with disease outbreaks caused by pathogens in and on food. In addition to the assessment of the health risk and recommendations to risk management on how to deal with each situation, the primary objective is adequate risk communication in critical situations. This must be coordinated with the communicative, technical and cultural circumstances of each respective affected region and it must also reach the people it is addressed to representatives of the responsible authorities as well as normal people. In essence, the goal of the workshop is to develop a deeper understanding of the significance of clear structures in food safety, the advantages of effective methods of risk analysis and assessment and the great value of clear, unequivocal, consistent and timely communication of risks.
About the BfR
The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) is a scientifically independent institution within the portfolio of the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) in Germany. It advises the Federal Government and Federal Laender on questions of food, chemical and product safety. The BfR conducts its own research on topics that are closely linked to its assessment tasks.
This text version is a translation of the original German text which is the only legally binding version.


posture.points[0].positions[1] = 0.04;
posture.points[0].time_from_start = ros::Duration(0.5);
Setting posture of eef during grasp
closedGripper(grasps[0].grasp_posture);
closedGripper function
/* Add both finger joints of panda robot. */
posture.joint_names.resize(2);
posture.joint_names[0] = "panda_finger_joint1";
posture.joint_names[1] = "panda_finger_joint2";
/* Set them as closed. */
posture.points.resize(1);
posture.points[0].positions.resize(2);
posture.points[0].positions[0] = 0.00;
posture.points[0].positions[1] = 0.00;
posture.points[0].time_from_start = ros::Duration(0.5);
Set support surface as table1.
move_group.setSupportSurfaceName("table1");
Call pick to pick up the object using the grasps given
move_group.pick("object", grasps);
Place Pipeline
TODO(@ridhwanluthra) - Calling place function may lead to "All supplied place locations failed. Retrying last location in verbose mode." This is a known issue and we are working on fixing it.
Create a vector of placings to be attempted, currently only creating single place location.
std::vector<moveit_msgs::PlaceLocation> place_location;
place_location.resize(1);
Setting place location pose
place_location[0].place_pose.header.frame_id = "panda_link0";
tf2::Quaternion orientation;
orientation.setRPY(0, 0, M_PI / 2);
place_location[0].place_pose.pose.orientation = tf2::toMsg(orientation);
/* While placing it is the exact location of the center of the object. */
place_location[0].place_pose.pose.position.x = 0;
place_location[0].place_pose.pose.position.y = 0.5;
place_location[0].place_pose.pose.position.z = 0.5;
Setting pre-place approach
/* Defined with respect to frame_id */
place_location[0].pre_place_approach.direction.header.frame_id = "panda_link0";
/* Direction is set as negative z axis */
place_location[0].pre_place_approach.direction.vector.z = -1.0;
place_location[0].pre_place_approach.min_distance = 0.095;
place_location[0].pre_place_approach.desired_distance = 0.115;
Setting post-grasp retreat
/* Defined with respect to frame_id */
place_location[0].post_place_retreat.direction.header.frame_id = "panda_link0";
/* Direction is set as negative y axis */
place_location[0].post_place_retreat.direction.vector.y = -1.0;
place_location[0].post_place_retreat.min_distance = 0.1;
place_location[0].post_place_retreat.desired_distance = 0.25;
Setting posture of eef after placing object
/* Similar to the pick case */
openGripper(place_location[0].post_place_posture);
Set support surface as table2.
group.setSupportSurfaceName("table2");
Call place to place the object using the place locations given.
group.place("object", place_location);
Open Source Feedback
See something that needs improvement? Please open a pull request on this GitHub page


DiagnosticConsumer information about what the argument means without requiring it to use a specific presentation (consider this MVC for Clang :).
Here are the different diagnostic argument formats currently supported by Clang:
"s" format
Example:
"requires %1 parameter%s1"
Class:
Integers
Description:
This is a simple formatter for integers that is useful when producing English diagnostics. When the integer is 1, it prints as nothing. When the integer is not 1, it prints as "s". This allows some simple grammatical forms to be to be handled correctly, and eliminates the need to use gross things like "requires %1 parameter(s)".
"select" format
Example:
"must be a %select{unary|binary|unary or binary}2 operator"
Class:
Integers
Description:
This format specifier is used to merge multiple related diagnostics together into one common one, without requiring the difference to be specified as an English string argument. Instead of specifying the string, the diagnostic gets an integer argument and the format string selects the numbered option. In this case, the "%2" value must be an integer in the range [0..2]. If it is 0, it prints "unary", if it is 1 it prints "binary" if it is 2, it prints "unary or binary". This allows other language translations to substitute reasonable words (or entire phrases) based on the semantics of the diagnostic instead of having to do things textually. The selected string does undergo formatting.
"plural" format
Example:
"you have %1 %plural{1:mouse|:mice}1 connected to your computer"
Class:
Integers
Description:
This is a formatter for complex plural forms. It is designed to handle even the requirements of languages with very complex plural forms, as many Baltic languages have. The argument consists of a series of expression/form pairs, separated by ":", where the first form whose expression evaluates to true is the result of the modifier.
An expression can be empty, in which case it is always true. See the example at the top. Otherwise, it is a series of one or more numeric conditions, separated by ",". If any condition matches, the expression matches. Each numeric condition can take one of three forms.
 - number: A simple decimal number matches if the argument is the same as the number. Example: "%plural{1:mouse|:mice}4"
 - range: A range in square brackets matches if the argument is within the range. Then range is inclusive on both ends. Example: "%plural{0:none|1:one|[2,5]:some|:many}2"
 - modulo: A modulo operator is followed by a number, and equals sign and either a number or a range. The tests are the same as for plain numbers and ranges, but the argument is taken modulo the number first. Example: "%plural{%100=0:even hundred|%100=[1,50]:lower half|:everything else}1"
The parser is very unforgiving. A syntax error, even whitespace, will abort, as will a failure to match the argument against any expression.
"ordinal" format
Example:
"ambiguity in %ordinal0 argument"
Class:
Integers
Description:
This is a formatter which represents the argument number as an ordinal: the value 1 becomes 1st, 3 becomes 3rd, and so on. Values less than 1 are not supported. This formatter is currently hard-coded to use English ordinals.
"objcclass" format
Example:
"method %objcclass0 not found"
Class:
DeclarationName
Description:
This is a simple formatter that indicates the DeclarationName corresponds to an Objective-C class method selector. As such, it prints the selector with a leading "+".
"objcinstance" format
Example:
"method %objcinstance0 not found"
Class:
DeclarationName
Description:
This is a simple formatter that indicates the DeclarationName corresponds to an Objective-C instance method selector. As such, it prints the selector with a leading "-".
"q" format
Example:
"candidate found by name lookup is %q0"
Class:
NamedDecl *
Description:
This formatter indicates that the fully-qualified name of the declaration should be printed, e.g., "std::vector" rather than "vector".
"diff" format
Example:
"no known conversion %diff{from $ to $|from argument type to parameter type}1,2"
Class:
QualType
Description:
This formatter takes two QualTypes and attempts to print a template difference between the two. If tree printing is off, the text inside the braces before the pipe is printed, with the formatted text replacing the $. If tree printing is on, the text after the pipe is printed and a type tree is printed after the diagnostic message.
It is really easy to add format specifiers to the Clang diagnostics system, but they should be discussed before they are added. If you are creating a lot of repetitive diagnostics and/or have an idea for a useful formatter, please bring it up on the cfe-dev mailing list.
"sub" format
Example:
Given the following record definition of type TextSubstitution:
def select_ovl_candidate : TextSubstitution<
 "%select{function|constructor}0%select{| template| %2}1">;
which can be used as
def note_ovl_candidate : Note<
 "candidate %sub{select_ovl_candidate}3,2,1 not viable">;
and will act as if it was written "candidate %select{function|constructor}3%select{| template| %1}2 not viable".
Description:
This format specifier is used to avoid repeating strings verbatim in multiple diagnostics. The argument to %sub must name a TextSubstitution tblgen record. The substitution must specify all arguments used by the substitution, and the modifier indexes in the substitution are re-numbered accordingly. The substituted text must itself be a valid format string before substitution.
Producing the Diagnostic
Now that you've created the diagnostic in the Diagnostic*Kinds.td file, you need to write the code that detects the condition in question and emits the new diagnostic. Various components of Clang (e.g., the preprocessor, Sema, etc.) provide a helper function named "Diag". It creates a diagnostic and accepts the arguments, ranges, and other information that goes along with it.
For example, the binary expression error comes from code like this:
if (various things that are bad)
 Diag(Loc, diag::err_typecheck_invalid_operands)
 << lex->getType() << rex->getType()
 << lex->getSourceRange() << rex->getSourceRange();
This shows that use of the Diag method: it takes a location (a SourceLocation object) and a diagnostic enum value (which matches the name from Diagnostic*Kinds.td). If the diagnostic takes arguments, they are specified with the << operator: the first argument becomes %0, the second becomes %1, etc. The diagnostic interface allows you to specify arguments of many different types, including int and unsigned for integer arguments, const char* and std::string for string arguments, DeclarationName and const IdentifierInfo * for names, QualType for types, etc. SourceRanges are also specified with the << operator, but do not have a specific ordering requirement.
As you can see, adding and producing a diagnostic is pretty straightforward. The hard part is deciding exactly what you need to say to help the user, picking a suitable wording, and providing the information needed to format it correctly. The good news is that the call site that issues a diagnostic should be completely independent of how the diagnostic is formatted and in what language it is rendered.
Fix-It Hints
In some cases, the front end emits diagnostics when it is clear that some small change to the source code would fix the problem. For example, a missing semicolon at the end of a statement or a use of deprecated syntax that is easily rewritten into a more modern form. Clang tries very hard to emit the diagnostic and recover gracefully in these and other cases.
However, for these cases where the fix is obvious, the diagnostic can be annotated with a hint (referred to as a "fix-it hint") that describes how to change the code referenced by the diagnostic to fix the problem. For example, it might add the missing semicolon at the end of the statement or rewrite the use of a deprecated construct into something more palatable. Here is one such example from the C++ front end, where we warn about the right-shift operator changing meaning from C++98 to C++11:
test.cpp:3:7: warning: use of right-shift operator ('>>') in template argument
 will require parentheses in C++11
A<100 >> 2> *a;
 ^
 ( )
Here, the fix-it hint is suggesting that parentheses be added, and showing exactly where those parentheses would be inserted into the source code. The fix-it


text: The application of cine MRI to lung disease has been technically challenging. In this study, we exploited optical flow analysis combined with rapid acquisition of cine MRI using compressed sensing to detect differences in regional lung motion. The high spatial and temporal resolution and higher signal-to-noise ratio of cine MRI enabled optical flow analysis to visualize regional differences between five lung segments. It also differentiated between chest and diaphragm breathing patterns in volunteers. In the future, this non-invasive method could be applied to assess and follow lung diseases, such as interstitial pneumonia or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


text:
Aires was a lunar city in the southern hemisphere of the Moon.
Aires, officially known as the Autonomous Lunar City Aires, was a lunar city located in the southern hemisphere of the Moon. This meant that it never faced the Earth despite the Moon's rotation and orbit.
This led to the city developing a cult-like fascination of the Earth and a fervent support for the Titans.
Like all lunar cities, Aires was built underground. Fibre-optics viaducts admitted light into the underground city, making the ceiling of the cavern appear like a sky.
Fibre-optics viaducts artificial sky
Another view of the artificial sky
The citizens of Aires had a fierce loyalty for the Titans. They had a desire for Earth that made them fercent supporters of the Titans. At the end of the Gryps Conflict, Mayor Kaizer Pinefield led the Aires militia to defend the colony laser Gryps 2.
The defeat of Titans at the hands of the Anti-Earth Union Group resulted in the militia being shamed by the public for being unable to stop the AEUG.
When the Earth Federation Instructor's Corps formed the New Desides rebellion, the Aires militia supported the rebels. Kaiser Pinefield arranged for Aires to function as the fallback location for New Desides should their base of operations Pezun fell. He even prepared the city's mass driver for New Desides to return to space should Aires be overrun.
New Desides retreated to Aires on 12 March UC 0088. The battle for the city started on 17 March. Despite the fierce defense of the city, they were constantly pushed back. New Desides forces launched into space on 24 March while the Aires militia defended the mass driver.
The city surrendered on 28 March to Task Force Alpha, but Aires was already mostly in ruins.


text:
Peter Mazzacano, Osgoode Hall School, York University, has published Puritanism, Godliness, and Political Development in Boston and the General Court (_PHONE_) at 12 The Journal Jurisprudence 599 (2011). Here is the abstract.
Download the article from SSRN at the link.
The goal of this article is to examine the degree to which Puritanism influenced early American political culture. That is, how did Puritan values and practices facilitate the development of an exceptional political culture during the formative years of Massachusetts Bay? Utilizing a case-study method of analysis, this article examines the political developments in the General Court and the town of Boston during the decade 1630 to 1640. The research methods used are primarily the writings of leading Puritans, and concomitant town, church, and colonial records. The main finding is that the Puritans paid little heed to notions of democracy, theocracy, oligarchy, or British political traditions; instead, Puritan institutions and practices were based on the primary Puritan ideal of godliness. However, the formative influence of the godly ideal inadvertently reinforced democratic and republican ideals. The conclusion is that the focus on godliness provides a comprehensive and multiple explanations for the course of political developments in early Massachusetts Bay.


links and reading.
Thank you for reading and happy exploring.
Final note, the following is a list of diabetes vocabulary and the Japanese translation.
Diabetes 糖尿病 とうにょうびょう tou/nyou/byou
Diabetic 糖尿病患者 とうにょうびょうかんじゃ tou/nyou/byou/kan/ja
diabetic retinopathy 糖尿病性網膜症 とうにょうびょうせいもうまくしょう tou/nyou/byou/sei/mou/maku/shou
Type 11型糖尿病いちがたとうにょうびょう ichi/gata/tou/nyou/byou
Type 2 2型糖尿病 にがたとうにょうびょう ni/gata/tou/nyou/byou
Awareness: Japanese palliative care
What is palliative care?
Hospice care
Japanese hospice care
Thank you for reading and enjoy exploring.
Cardiac issues in Japan
I have spoken to many people about food in Japan, whether is about breakfast, lunch, special food, shabu shabu (almost a winter broth) or even snacks and everyone I have spoke to said the same thing: watch the salt.
As this is the month of awareness, let's take a look at the problems salt, along with other causes, may bring. Welcome to cardiac problems in Japan.
Firstly a definition. Cardiac problems will consider heart disease, heart attacks and cardiovascular disease as well. If this were to be published anywhere else I would have to think about each problem separately but not too many people would be interested in that, do let me know if I'm wrong on that front.
Starting off in a happy place, cardiac issues is one of if not the main causes of death in Japan, like many other highly developed nations. There are many causes for this, not just McDonald's and fast food. The WHO have ranked 3 heart related conditions as the main causes of death in Japan which were: Ischaemic heart disease (aka Coronary Artery Disease), Aortic aneurysm, and other cardiovascular disease.
However, there have been 42,300 fewer CHD deaths because of medical and surgical treatments from 1980- 2012.
Major health trends
To start with let's take a look at some general health trends which have contribute towards higher levels of heart disease in Japan. Firstly, Japan has become increasingly Westernized and has been since the 1960's. While this has had many advantages culturally, economically, socially etc, there has been a negative impact on health.
The major trends that have been seen in Japan are a rise in the number of smokers within Japan, a noticeable difference in BMIlevels are much higher (in 1980, the average BMI for men was 22.5 kg/m^2 and by 2000 this has risen to 23.4kg/m^2); a rise in the number of diagnosed diabetics; an increase in blood pressure.
Side note: blood pressure. Blood pressure has 2 values: a systolic value (the top number) and a diastolic value (the bottom number). The WHO recommends that one's BP should be 120/80 mm Hgwhich is the 'perfect' value. High blood pressure is any reading that at rest is over 130/80 mm Hg.
Japan's blood pressure is worryingthe average systolic blood pressure is 135 mm Hg (which is high) and the mean diastolic reading is 85 mm Hg. This average 135/85 mm Hg puts you into the Hypertension stage 1 category or High blood pressure stage 1 group.
Major factor: salt
One resource I used during my research was the Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Chart by Dietary Factors in Japan (which is a brilliant resourcelinked in further information) and the major risk assessment was salt.
Salt is essential to life as we cannot naturally product it but we need it in moderation only. In the UK, it is recommended to have no more than 6 grams of salt a daythe recommended daily limit in Japan is 1.5 grams of salt (which explains why Japan has a lower level of CDV (cardiovascular disease). However, daily recommended limits are not always possible.
Average daily salt intake (from a sample size of 9115 people) was 14.0±5.2 g. This means that the lowest average daily intake was 8.2g. The risk assessment categorizes people into 2 groups based on salt intake high (men and women that consumed more than and including 8g and 7g of salt respectively) and low (those who consumed less than this).
This risk assessment showed that after 29 years, there had been 1070 deaths attributed to CVD. From the 2 salt intake groups, there were 57 deaths from the low salt intake group and 1,013 deaths from the high salt intake group (while there were other factors which contributed to their deathsnumbers are telling).
What factors have contributed towards Japan's low CVD death rate?
Strangely enough, the Japanese diet has helped (and hindered) CVD in Japan. The main things which can reduce risk is consuming omega 3 (eating fish or rarely via supplements), avoiding sugar (hard to do in Japan), avoid trans fats (again difficult to do), ensure adequate vitamin D intake (either dietary, by being in sunlight or supplements) and controlling iron.
Not surprisingly, the Japanese consume a lot of fishbut the amount the Japanese consume has dropped. In 2016, the Japan Times reported that the average fish consumption as a mean 27.3 Kg a yearwhich is still a massive amount.
Additionally, the Japanese diet of high levels of fish, fruit, vegetables and (ideally) low salt consumption are the perfect heart diet. However with higher salt consumption and what can only be described as a fast food diet (low vegetables, fruit and fish), CVD is extremely likely and possible.
Soy based products (tofu) are also extremely helpful in reducing CVD risk and its' benefits have been noted in men and women but especially in post-menopausal women.
CVD is regional in Japan and it has mostly been reduced except in major urban areas (Tokyo and Osaka). In major urban areas, there are higher levels of stress, less time to cook (so more processed food), less time for exercise etc so there are higher levels of CVD.
Further readingThe Japanese heart foundation (JHF)
There is certainly more information on this topicin English (more research papers than advice) and in Japanese. The best resource I have found was the JHF or Japanese heart foundation (BHF or AHF anyone?).
The JHF have information on diet, research, AED and first aid training and so much more. Please do check it outthere are enough info-graphics that if you have a good scientific mind, you should be okay.
Thank you for reading and happy exploring.
Organ donation in Japan
Organ donation is a complicated topic in Japan. Here's a quick guide.
A needed practice but the Japanese usually don't follow it
One thing I have found during my research on all things Japanese is the need for tradition. Traditions almost govern modern Japanese society and can be observed at every level. However, tradition costs lives.
What I specifically mean by that is traditional practices takes precedence over life in some circumstances. For example, it is culturally expected that a body is to be cremated whole without anything missing. The problem with this is simple, that body is to be disposed via cremationit is to be burnt and all organic material with it. Why should I be concerned with thisyou may wonder. Simplestatistically there are only 0.7 transplants per million or 64 took place in 2016 (for all organs) and in 2019 there have been 102 donors and 372 recipients ( ).
The bright side, the numbers have increased by 38 over a two year period. Alas, the number of people waiting for an organ is 13,948 as of Halloween 2019. This looks especially terrible when you consider that over 1,000,000 Japanese people due annually and many bodies are 'put on ice' until there is room at crematoria. I do realize that not all bodies are suitable for transplantsbut which ones are?
Under Japanese law, anatomical gifts (organ donations) can be given under 2 conditions: brain death and cardiac death. But the rules governing organ transplantation are possible the strictest in the world. Organ transplantation may only be considered under the following circumstances:
 - Organ donation or 臓器提供 is based upon explicit permission where people have to opt in. The individual has stated (in writing) that they wish for their organs to be donated.
 - The family is in agreement
 - The only causes of death accepted are brain or cardiac death (cases involve suicide to try and help another will NOT be accepted)
In fact, donations from brain-dead donors (脳死）still makes headline news especially donors under 18. In February, the parents of a boy under 6 (his exact age was not given) made the difficult decision to donate the organs of their sonwho was always looking to help others. Recipients were almost immediately chosenhighlighting the need further.
There are still problems with this system and again it is cultural. Many doctors still do NOT recgonise brain death as a cause for human death in Japan and if the cause of death is declared as anything else, organ donation is not possible.
Brain


ES4 draft: Map
Waldemar Horwat waldemar at
Fri Feb 29 16:52:34 PST 2008
> The optional /hashcode/ argument is a function that takes a key and
> returns a numeric code for it. This code may be used to find
> associations more quickly in the map. Two calls to the /hashcode/
> function on the same key value must return the same numeric code, and
> the /hashcode/ function must always return the same numeric code for two
> objects that compare equal by the /equals/ function. The default value
> for /hashcode/ is the intrinsic global function |hashcode|.
Dost thou desire arbitrary numeric hashcodes or integral ones?
> Map( object )
> When the |Map| class object is called as a function, it creates a new
> |Map| object from |EnumerableId| to |*|, populating the new |Map| object
> with the own properties of /object/.
Making Map(x) do something specialized like this seems like a bad idea. If x is already a Map, I'd expect Map(x) to be idempotent and return x.
Should thou need this functionality, use a static method to get it.
Why does get return null instead of undefined when it fails to find an instance?
A version of get with a second parameter X that returns X when the value isn't present would be useful.
Need a clear() method that deletes all bindings.
The iteration protocol makes a copy before starting to iterate. It might be implemented via copy-on-write but I'd like to see how expensive this is.
More information about the Es4-discuss mailing list